cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
State-Based Behavior Modeling in Software and Systems Engineering
Creators: name: Al-Fedaghi, Sabah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The design of complex man-made systems mostly involves a conceptual modeling phase; therefore, it is important to ensure an appropriate analysis method for these models. A key concept for such analysis is the development of a diagramming technique (e.g., UML) because diagrams can describe entities and processes and emphasize important aspects of the systems being described. The analysis also includes an examination of ontological concepts such as states and events, which are used as a basis for the modeling process. Studying fundamental concepts allows us to understand more deeply the relationship between these concepts and modeling frameworks. In this paper, we critically analyze the classic definition of a state utilizing the thinging machine (TM) model. States in state machine diagrams are considered the appropriate basis for modeling system behavioral aspects. Despite its wide application in hardware design, the integration of a state machine model into a software system s modeling requirements increased the difficulty of graphical representation (e.g., integration between structural and behavioral diagrams). To understand such a problem, in this paper, we project (create an equivalent representation of) states in TM machines. As a case study, we re-modeled a state machine of an assembly line system in a TM. The outcome is a complicated picture of assembly line behavior. Therefore, as an alternative solution, we re-modeled the assembly line based solely on the TM. This new model presents a clear contrast between state-based modeling of assembly line behavior and the TM approach. The TM modeling seems more systematic than its counterpart, the state machine, and its notions are well defined. In a TM, states are just compound events. A model of a more complex system than the one in the assembly line has strengthened such a conclusion.
description: 12 pages, 20 figures
Analysis of hydrological responses using semi-distributed conceptual models in a mountainous catchment in the Hindu Kush Himalayan region
Creators: name: Malla, Mani Kanta
name: Arya, Dhyan Singh
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: The Hindu Kush Karakoram Himalaya region, an important global water unit, is the origin of 10 major river basins. The Upper Indus basin, a part of this region, is a primary water source for the downstream population and is primarily fed by snow and glacier melt. Four semi-distributed conceptual hydrological models were used to understand this basin’s hydrological responses. As the observed data was unavailable, global gridded precipitation and discharge data from the Global Flood Awareness System (GloFAS) were used to set up the model at the catchment outlet. Degree-day factor (DDF)-based snow and glacier modules are incorporated into the model structure to measure melt contribution. The results showed very good performance of all four models with Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency > 0.75, with the GR4J model exhibiting superior performance. The dominance of snow and glacier melt during summer monsoon affects the peak discharge and offers insights for investigations at the sub-basin scale.
Spatiotemporal Patterns of Pasture Quality Based on NDVI Time-Series in Mediterranean Montado Ecosystem
Creators: name: Pacheco Marques, Pedro
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Soil management
functionality
Agroforestry
Remote Sensing data

description: The study uses Sentinel-2 satellite and OptRx sensor data to assess NDVI; tracking pasture quality indicators like moisture and protein. It helps optimize grazing management in dryland pastures in Alentejo; Portugal.
Magnetization Plateau of the Distorted Diamond Spin Chain with Anisotropic Ferromagnetic Interaction
Creators: name: Sakai, Tôru
name: Okamoto, Kiyomi
name: Nakano, Hiroki
name: Furuchi, Rito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $S=1/2$ distorted diamond spin chain with the anisotropic ferromagnetic interaction is investigated using the numerical diagonalization and the level spectroscopy analysis. It is known that the system exhibits a plateau of the magnetization curve at the 1/3 of the saturation. The present study indicates that as the anisotropy is varied the quantum phase transition occurs between two different mechanisms of the 1/3 magnetization plateau. The phase diagram with respect to the anisotropy and the ferromagnetic coupling is also presented.
Interest in “organic,” “natural,” and “additive-free” cigarettes after hearing about toxic chemicals in cigarette smoke
Creators: name: Pepper J.K
name: Brewer N.T
name: Baig S.A
name: Byron M.J.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2019

description: Introduction The US Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act requires the government to disseminate information about the toxic chemicals in cigarette smoke. We sought to understand how the descriptors “organic,” “natural,” or “additive-free” affect smokers’ interest in cigarettes in the context of information about chemicals in cigarette smoke. Methods Participants were a national probability sample of 1,101 US adult (ages 18) smokers recruited in 2014–2015. A between-subjects experiment randomized participants in a telephone survey to 1 of 4 cigarette descriptors: “organic,” “natural,” “additive-free,” or “ultralight” (control). The outcome was expected interest in cigarettes with the experimentally assigned descriptor, after learning that 2 chemicals (hydrogen cyanide and lead) are in cigarette smoke. Experimental data analysis was conducted in 2016–2017. Results Smokers indicated greater expected interest in “organic,” “natural,” and “additive-free” cigarettes than “ultra-light” cigarettes (all p <.001) after learning that hydrogen cyanide and lead were in cigarette smoke. Smokers who intended to quit in the next 6 months expressed greater expected interest in the 4 types of cigarettes (“organic,” “natural,” “additive-free,” and “ultra-light”) compared to smokers not intending to quit (p <.001). Conclusions Smokers, especially those intending to quit, may be more inclined towards cigarettes described as “organic,” “natural,” and “additive-free” in the context of chemical information. An accumulating body of evidence shows that the US should fully restrict use of “organic” and “natural” descriptors for tobacco products as it has done for “additive-free” and “light” descriptors.
Spatial variability of rainfall: Deciphering flood characteristics and model precision
Creators: name: Dasari, Indhu
name: Vema, Vamsi Krishna
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: This study investigates the intricate role of spatial variability in rainfall (SVR) concerning flood characteristics and its impact on refining flood prediction models. A spatial variability index was used to classify rainfall events into two categories: spatially homogenous (Class A) and heterogeneous (Class B). The analysis of historical flood events suggests that the SVR influences flood peaks. This research introduces a novel approach to assess SVR’s role in calibrating hydrological models, subsequently improving model selection. By separately calibrating Class A and B events within both lumped and distributed models, the models yield superior results as compared to the conventional approach. For the catchments considered, lumped model demonstrated heightened performance for Class A events, while distributed models outperformed in Class B events. This study not only underscores the influence of SVR on flood dynamics but also underscores the efficacy of event-based classification in refining hydrological models for superior flood prediction accuracy.
Rayed craters on Dione: Implication for the dominant surface alteration process
Creators: name: Hirata, Naoyuki
name: Miyamoto, Hideaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: From recently-acquired, high-resolution images obtained by the Cassini spacecraft, we examine the patterns and spatial distributions of rayed craters on Dione. We identify 29 rayed craters with diameters larger than 2km on Dione's surface. The density of rayed craters and theoretical cratering rates indicate that the retention time for rays on Dione can be approximately 1-50 My. Such a short retention time is interpreted to be due to bombardment of plasma and E-ring particles, as well as implantation of dark particles (presumably the same dark material found on Hyperion, Iapetus, and other saturnian satellites). We also find that when the ray system of Creusa crater was formed, it extended over most of the surface of Dione. Later, the ray system deposited on the trailing hemisphere might have been partially erased, mostly due to implantation of dark particles, which may have also removed other bright ray systems in that region. The pattern of Creusa's ray system implies that the implantation of the dark material occurred more recent than both the age of Creusa crater and the typical retention time for rays on Dione.
description: 19 pages 8 figures
Interfacial Molecular Doping of Metal Halide Perovskites for Highly Efficient Solar Cells
Creators: name: Xue R
name: Gao Y
name: Ni Z
name: Li Y
name: Rudd P.N
name: Lin Y
name: Li Y
name: Xu G
name: Huang J
name: Jiang Q
Publisher: name: Wiley-VCH Verlag
Year: 2020

description: Tailoring the doping of semiconductors in heterojunction solar cells shows tremendous success in enhancing the performance of many types of inorganic solar cells, while it is found challenging in perovskite solar cells because of the difficulty in doping perovskites in a controllable way. Here, a small molecule of 4,4′,4″,4″′-(pyrazine-2,3,5,6-tetrayl) tetrakis (N,N-bis(4-methoxyphenyl) aniline) (PT-TPA) which can effectively p-dope the surface of FAxMA1−xPbI3 (FA: HC(NH2)2; MA: CH3NH3) perovskite films is reported. The intermolecular charge transfer property of PT-TPA forms a stabilized resonance structure to accept electrons from perovskites. The doping effect increases perovskite dark conductivity and carrier concentration by up to 4737 times. Computation shows that electrons in the first two layers of octahedral cages in perovskites are transferred to PT-TPA. After applying PT-TPA into perovskite solar cells, the doping-induced band bending in perovskite effectively facilitates hole extraction to hole transport layer and expels electrons toward cathode side, which reduces the charge recombination there. The optimized devices demonstrate an increased photovoltage from 1.12 to 1.17 V and an efficiency of 23.4% from photocurrent scanning with a stabilized efficiency of 22.9%. The findings demonstrate that molecular doping is an effective route to control the interfacial charge recombination in perovskite solar cells which is in complimentary to broadly applied defect passivation techniques.
International Consortium on the Genetics of Electroconvulsive Therapy and Severe Depressive Disorders (Gen-ECT-ic)
Creators: name: Milev R
name: Clark S.R
name: Young A.H.
name: McLoughlin D.M
name: Baune B.T.
name: Sullivan P.F.
name: Husain M
name: Vila-Rodriguez F
name: Ingram W.M
name: Vieta E.
name: Mickey B.J
name: Sonnen J.A.
name: Di Florio A
name: Soria V.
name: Zavorotny M.
name: Jones I
name: Gennarelli M.
name: Kessler U
name: Bousman C
name: Bioque M
name: Soda T
name: Takamiya A.
name: Jones L
name: Urretavizacaya M.
name: Juruena M.
name: Landén M.
name: Arolt V
name: Langan Martin J
name: Zandi P.P.
name: Achtyes E.D
name: Pliszka B.
name: Dannlowski U
name: Kirov G.
name: Forty L
name: Rybakowski J.K.
name: Paul M
name: Permoda A.
name: Clements C.C
name: Haavik J
name: Smith D.J
name: Cardoner N
name: Watson S.
name: Loo C
name: Minelli A
name: Müller D.J.
name: Nordensköld A.
name: Gordon-Smith K
name: Pålsson E.
name: Dmitrzak-Weglarz M
name: Clare E.
name: Craddock N
name: Stageman W.
name: Redlich R
name: Docherty A.R
name: Oltedal L
name: Rea J.
name: Schubert K.O.
Publisher: name: Springer
Year: 2020

description: Recent genome-wide association studies have demonstrated that the genetic burden associated with depression correlates with depression severity. Therefore, conducting genetic studies of patients at the most severe end of the depressive disorder spectrum, those with treatment-resistant depression and who are prescribed electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), could lead to a better understanding of the genetic underpinnings of depression. Despite ECT being one of the most effective forms of treatment for severe depressive disorders, it is usually placed at the end of treatment algorithms of current guidelines. This is perhaps because ECT has controlled risk and logistical demands including use of general anaesthesia and muscle relaxants and side-effects such as short-term memory impairment. Better understanding of the genetics and biology of ECT response and of cognitive side-effects could lead to more personalized treatment decisions. To enhance the understanding of the genomics of severe depression and ECT response, researchers and ECT providers from around the world and from various depression or ECT networks, but not limited to, such as the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, the Clinical Alliance and Research in ECT, and the National Network of Depression Centers have formed the Genetics of ECT International Consortium (Gen-ECT-ic). Gen-ECT-ic will organize the largest clinical and genetic collection to date to study the genomics of severe depressive disorders and response to ECT, aiming for 30,000 patients worldwide using a GWAS approach. At this stage it will be the largest genomic study on treatment response in depression. Retrospective data abstraction and prospective data collection will be facilitated by a uniform data collection approach that is flexible and will incorporate data from many clinical practices. Gen-ECT-ic invites all ECT providers and researchers to join its efforts.
Timing of the faulting on the Wispy Terrain of Dione based on stratigraphic relationships with impact craters
Creators: name: Hirata, Naoyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The trailing hemisphere of Dione is characterized by the Wispy Terrain, where it exhibits a hemispheric-scale network of extensional tectonic faults superposed on the moon's cratered surface. The faults likely reflect past endogenic activity and Dione's interior thermal history. Although fresh exposures of pristine scarps indicate that the timing of the faulting is relatively recent, the absolute age of the faulting remains uncertain. To estimate the timing of the faulting, we investigated stratigraphic relationships between impact craters and faults. Using high-resolution images obtained by ISS cameras onboard the Cassini spacecraft, we investigated craters with diameters exceeding or equal to 10 km that coincide spatially with the faults, and classified the craters as crosscut craters or superposed craters. As a result, at least 82% of the craters were interpreted as clear examples of crosscut craters and 12% of the craters were interpreted to be candidates of superposed craters, although stratigraphic relationships are often ambiguous. The paucity of superposed craters and a predicted cratering rate indicate that the faulting of the Wispy Terrain is 0.30-0.79 Ga. If 12-18% of the craters are assumed to be superposed, the timing of the faulting could be in the range 0.30-0.79 Ga. However, it is possible that the faulting of the Wispy Terrain is still ongoing.
description: 43 pages 9 figures
Field-Induced Quantum Spin Nematic Liquid Phase in the S=1 Antiferromagnetic Heisenberg Chain with Additional Interactions
Creators: name: Sakai, Tôru
name: Nakano, Hiroki
name: Furuchi, Rito
name: Okamoto, Kiyomi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetization process of the $S=1$ antiferromagnetic chain with the single-ion anisotropy $D$ and the biquadratic interaction is investigated using the numerical diagonalization. Both interactions stabilize the 2-magnon Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid (TLL) phase in the magnetization process. Based on several excitation gaps calculated by the numerical diagonalization, some phase diagrams of the magnetization process are presented. These phase diagrams reveal that the spin nematic dominant TLL phase appears at higher magnetizations for sufficiently large negative $D$.
International union of basic and clinical pharmacology. Cx. Classification of receptors for 5-hydroxytryptamine; pharmacology and function
Creators: name: Maroteaux L
name: Hoyer D
name: Fone K.C
name: Herrick-Davis K
name: Ahern G.P
name: Cunningham K.A
name: Lacivita E
name: Bockaert J
name: Villalón C.M.
name: Levy F.O
name: Marin P.
name: Watts S.W.
name: McCreary A.C
name: Roberts A
name: Hovius R
name: Teitler M.
name: Sharp T.
name: Leopoldo M
name: Camilleri M
name: Lambe E.K
name: Lummis S.C.R
name: Roth B.L
name: Halberstadt A.L
name: Claeysen S
name: Hartley R.M
name: Nelson D.L
name: Barnes N.M
name: Newman-Tancredi A
name: Vogel H.
name: Goodfellow N.M
name: Nury H
name: Di Giovanni G
name: Hassaine G
name: Roumier A
name: Neumaier J.F
name: Sanger G.J.
name: Chaumont-Dubel S
name: Becamel C
name: Gershon M
Publisher: name: American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy
Year: 2021

description: 5-HT receptors expressed throughout the human body are targets for established therapeutics and various drugs in development. Their diversity of structure and function reflects the important role 5-HT receptors play in physiologic and pathophysiological processes. The present review offers a framework for the official receptor nomenclature and a detailed understanding of each of the 14 5-HT receptor subtypes, their roles in the systems of the body, and, where appropriate, the (potential) utility of therapeutics targeting these receptors.
title: Marine plastics profiles of european countries
title: Marine plastics mass, item count and their impact on cultural ecosystem services in Europe
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Song, Fei
name: Dorber, Martin
name: Verones, Francesca
name: Pettersen, Johan Berg
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Marine plastic
subject: Life-cycle assessment
subject: Cultural ecosystem services

description: The marine plastics profiles for 24 European country were created during the development of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) effect factor for the impact of marine plastics on cultural ecosystem services, as part of the ATLANTIS project. 

It includes detailed information on various key indicators, such as:

ISO country code

Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) area (in square kilometers)

Floating plastic mass within the EEZ (all sizes, in kilograms)

Population (in number of people)

Beached plastics per capita (all sizes, in kilograms per capita)

Willingness to Pay (WTP) per capita (in Euro_PPP*)

Plastic mass per item (in kilograms per item)

Effect factor of marine plastics impact on cultural ecosystem services by mass (in Euro_PPP per kilogram)

Effect factor of marine plastics impact on cultural ecosystem services by item (in Euro_PPP per item)

*Euro_PPP is the Euro adjusted by Purchasing power parity (PPP).

 

 

 

Update 2025 May 7th, correct the population in Germany
title: Marine plastics profiles of european countries
title: Marine plastics mass, item count and their impact on cultural ecosystem services in Europe
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Song, Fei
name: Dorber, Martin
name: Verones, Francesca
name: Pettersen, Johan Berg
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Marine plastic
subject: Life-cycle assessment
subject: Cultural ecosystem services

description: The marine plastics profiles for 24 European country were created during the development of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) effect factor for the impact of marine plastics on cultural ecosystem services, as part of the ATLANTIS project. 

It includes detailed information on various key indicators, such as:

ISO country code

Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) area (in square kilometers)

Floating plastic mass within the EEZ (all sizes, in kilograms)

Population (in number of people)

Beached plastics per capita (all sizes, in kilograms per capita)

Willingness to Pay (WTP) per capita (in Euro_PPP*)

Plastic mass per item (in kilograms per item)

Effect factor of marine plastics impact on cultural ecosystem services by mass (in Euro_PPP per kilogram)

Effect factor of marine plastics impact on cultural ecosystem services by item (in Euro_PPP per item)

*Euro_PPP is the Euro adjusted by Purchasing power parity (PPP).

 

 

 

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title: Protective Behavioral Strategy Subtypes as Moderators of the Relationship Between Alcohol Consumption and Alcohol-Related Problems
Creators: name: Kite, Benjamin A.
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
Year: 2013

description: Protective behavioral strategy (or drinking control strategy) use is widely regarded as an effective tool for reducing negative consequences from consuming alcohol (Martens et al., 2005; Martens et al., 2008). Research has shown that frequent protective behavioral strategy use buffers the relationship between alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems (Borden et al., 2011), and that gender moderates this effect (Benton et al., 2004); however. The present research was used to expand on previous research showing that protective behavioral strategy use can buffer the relationship between alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems. Further, the assessment of protective behavioral strategy use across gender was also evaluated. Three hundred and thirteen undergraduate college students were sampled to participate in this study. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that gender differences exist in the measurement of protective behavioral strategy use with a popular measure of the construct. Regression analysis showed that a certain type of protective behavioral strategies moderates the relationship between alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems. Further, there was no effect of gender on the moderating effect. The results of the present study improve the understanding of the relationship between protective behavioral strategy use and alcohol-related problems and can ultimately improve information for prevention efforts.
Introduction to computational causal inference using reproducible Stata, R, and Python code: A tutorial
Creators: name: Mansournia M.A
name: Maringe C
name: Cole S.R
name: Rachet B
name: Smith M.J
name: Zivich P.N
name: Luque-Fernandez M.A
name: Leyrat C
name: Belot A
Publisher: name: John Wiley and Sons Ltd
Year: 2022

description: The main purpose of many medical studies is to estimate the effects of a treatment or exposure on an outcome. However, it is not always possible to randomize the study participants to a particular treatment, therefore observational study designs may be used. There are major challenges with observational studies; one of which is confounding. Controlling for confounding is commonly performed by direct adjustment of measured confounders; although, sometimes this approach is suboptimal due to modeling assumptions and misspecification. Recent advances in the field of causal inference have dealt with confounding by building on classical standardization methods. However, these recent advances have progressed quickly with a relative paucity of computational-oriented applied tutorials contributing to some confusion in the use of these methods among applied researchers. In this tutorial, we show the computational implementation of different causal inference estimators from a historical perspective where new estimators were developed to overcome the limitations of the previous estimators (ie, nonparametric and parametric g-formula, inverse probability weighting, double-robust, and data-adaptive estimators). We illustrate the implementation of different methods using an empirical example from the Connors study based on intensive care medicine, and most importantly, we provide reproducible and commented code in Stata, R, and Python for researchers to adapt in their own observational study. The code can be accessed at https://github.com/migariane/Tutorial_Computational_Causal_Inference_Estimators.
GAN-Aimbots: Using Machine Learning for Cheating in First Person Shooters
Creators: name: Kanervisto, Anssi
name: Kinnunen, Tomi
name: Hautamäki, Ville
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Playing games with cheaters is not fun, and in a multi-billion-dollar video game industry with hundreds of millions of players, game developers aim to improve the security and, consequently, the user experience of their games by preventing cheating. Both traditional software-based methods and statistical systems have been successful in protecting against cheating, but recent advances in the automatic generation of content, such as images or speech, threaten the video game industry; they could be used to generate artificial gameplay indistinguishable from that of legitimate human players. To better understand this threat, we begin by reviewing the current state of multiplayer video game cheating, and then proceed to build a proof-of-concept method, GAN-Aimbot. By gathering data from various players in a first-person shooter game we show that the method improves players' performance while remaining hidden from automatic and manual protection mechanisms. By sharing this work we hope to raise awareness on this issue and encourage further research into protecting the gaming communities.
description: Accepted to IEEE Transactions on Games. Source code available at https://github.com/miffyli/gan-aimbots
Influenza della neuroinfiammazione sul volume dell'ippocampo e sul metabolismo cerebrale di glucosio in pazienti con malattia di Alzheimer ed in pazienti con Parkinson-demenza
Creators: name: Femminella, Grazia Daniela
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2015

description: La neuroinfiammazione, ovvero la risposta infiammatoria che si manifesta a livello del sistema nervoso centrale (SNC) in seguito ad un insulto, sembra svolgere un ruolo importante nella patogenesi delle malattie neurodegenerative croniche, come la malattia di Alzheimer (MA) e la demenza di Parkinson (PD). In tali patologie, studi post-mortem hanno evidenziato la colocalizzazione delle cellule microgliali, i principali mediatori cellulari della risposta infiammatoria del SNC, sia con le placche di beta-amiloide che con i corpi di Lewy, caratteristiche formazioni patologiche riscontrate nella MA e nella PD, rispettivamente. Grazie allo sviluppo delle tecniche di neuroimaging, ora è possibile caratterizzare in vivo tali processi e valutarne la possibile correlazione. L'obiettivo di tale progetto di Dottorato è stato la valutazione della associazione tra la neuroinfiammazione, valutata mediante PET con[11C] PK11195, un marcatore per la glia attivata, e la neurogedenerazione, determinata mediante valutazione del volume dell'ippocampo, e del metabolismo cerebrale di glucosio, in pazienti con MA e PD. 25 partecipanti (9 PD, 8 MA e 8 controlli sani) sono stati arruolati nello studio e sottoposti a PET con [11C] PK11195, a PET con [18F]FDG per la valutazione del metabolismo cerebrale di glucosio ed imaging a risonanza magnetica (MRI). Il volume dell'ippocampo è stato calcolato in maniera automatizzata sulle immagini MRI con il software FreeSurfer e l'analisi dei dati PET è stata effettuata sia con la region of interest analysis (ROI) che con la statistical parametric mapping analysis (SPM). Il volume dell'ippocampo era significativamente ridotto nel gruppo MA rispetto ai controlli, mentre non era diverso tra PD e controlli. L'uptake di [11C](R)PK11195 era significativamente aumentato in tutte le regioni cerebrali considerate sia nei MA che nei PD rispetto ai controlli, mentre il tasso di captazione regionale del glucosio era ridotto in MA e PD rispetto ai controlli in quasi tutte le regioni considerate alla valutazione ROI. All'analisi SPM si evidenziavano una correlazione negativa e positiva, rispettivamente, tra l'aumento della attivazione gliale e la riduzione del metabolismo del glucosio con il volume dell'ippocampo, sia nel gruppo MA che nel gruppo PD. La correlazione spaziale tra le aree di attivazione gliale con le aree di proiezione dell'ippocampo supporta l'ipotesi che la neuroinfiammazione possa contribuire alla neurodegenerazione sia localmente che in aree connesse. I dati di tale studio dimostrano che esiste una correlazione inversa tra l'attivazione della microglia valutata mediante [11C](R)PK11195 PET ed il volume dell'ippocampo nelle patologie neurodegenerative con demenza, suggerendo che la neuroinfiammazione possa essere un target terapeutico in tali patologie.
Introduction to the Biochemistry of Pain Special Issue
Creators: name: Roth B.L
Publisher: name: American Chemical Society
Year: 2021

description: Both acute and chronic pain represent continued unmet medical needs for millions of individuals in the United States and elsewhere. Thus, for instance, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated that 20.4% of U.S. adults experienced chronic pain in 2016. Both opioid and non-opioid analgesic agents represent the principal pharmacological treatments for both acute and chronic pain, albeit not without both serious immediate and long-term side effects. For opioids, these include death due to accidental overdose and dependence, and the United States is currently experiencing a crisis related to opioid abuse and deaths due to overdose. Because of this, there is an urgent need for safer and more effective medications. Elucidating the biochemistry and structural biology of pain-related molecular targets represents an initial first step toward the discovery and development of safer analgesics.
Investigating rare pathogenic/likely pathogenic exonic variation in bipolar disorder
Creators: name: Mullins N
name: Kahn R.
name: Abecasis G
name: Risch N.
name: McQuillin A.
name: Corvin A.
name: Palmer D
name: Ruderfer D.M
name: Vincent J.
name: Posthuma D.
name: Landen M.
name: Reif A.
name: Jia X
name: Sklar P
name: O’Donovan M.
name: McCarroll S.A.
name: Moran J
name: McCombie W.R.
name: Levy S.E
name: Juréus A
name: Nguyen H
name: Ophoff R.
name: Watson S.
name: Locke A.E
name: Hultman C.M.
name: Neale B.
name: Blackwood D.
name: Schaefer C.
name: Zöllner S.
name: Rivera M
name: Zandi P.P.
name: Li J.Z
name: Pato C.
name: DelaBastide M
name: Morris D.
name: Thai K
name: Kwok P.-Y
name: Craddock N.
name: Jackson A.U
name: Cohen-Woods S
name: Akil H
name: Walters J.
name: Chapman S
name: Smoller J.
name: McGuffin P.
name: Monson E.T
name: Myers R.M.
name: Boks M.
name: Shen L
name: Stahl E.A.
name: Zawistowski M
name: Wang W
name: Scott L.J.
name: Jiang C
name: Owen M.
name: Purcell S.
name: Boehnke M
name: Adolfsson R.
name: Breen G.
name: Goes F.S
name: Pirooznia M
name: Lewis C.
name: Ouwehand W.
name: Pato M.
name: Potash J.B.
name: McIntosh A.
name: Kvale M
name: Bergen S
name: Sobell J.
name: DiFlorio A.
name: Willour V.
name: Sullivan P.F.
name: Burmeister M.
name: Zhuang Y
name: Genovese G
name: Kang H.M
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2021

description: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a serious mental illness with substantial common variant heritability. However, the role of rare coding variation in BD is not well established. We examined the protein-coding (exonic) sequences of 3,987 unrelated individuals with BD and 5,322 controls of predominantly European ancestry across four cohorts from the Bipolar Sequencing Consortium (BSC). We assessed the burden of rare, protein-altering, single nucleotide variants classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P-LP) both exome-wide and within several groups of genes with phenotypic or biologic plausibility in BD. While we observed an increased burden of rare coding P-LP variants within 165 genes identified as BD GWAS regions in 3,987 BD cases (meta-analysis OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.3–2.8, one-sided p = 6.0 × 10−4), this enrichment did not replicate in an additional 9,929 BD cases and 14,018 controls (OR = 0.9, one-side p = 0.70). Although BD shares common variant heritability with schizophrenia, in the BSC sample we did not observe a significant enrichment of P-LP variants in SCZ GWAS genes, in two classes of neuronal synaptic genes (RBFOX2 and FMRP) associated with SCZ or in loss-of-function intolerant genes. In this study, the largest analysis of exonic variation in BD, individuals with BD do not carry a replicable enrichment of rare P-LP variants across the exome or in any of several groups of genes with biologic plausibility. Moreover, despite a strong shared susceptibility between BD and SCZ through common genetic variation, we do not observe an association between BD risk and rare P-LP coding variants in genes known to modulate risk for SCZ.
Emergent Topological Solitons from Chronon Field Dynamics on a Causal Lattice
Creators: name: Li, Bin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: This paper reports the first direct computational evidence for the emergence of stable, quantized solitons from the dynamics of the Chronon field—a unit-norm, future-directed timelike vector field encoding temporal flow. Using high-resolution 2563256^32563 lattice simulations under causal initial conditions, we observe the spontaneous formation of localized excitations with integer winding number, conserved topological charge, and long-term persistence. These emergent structures offer a new, non-perturbative mechanism for matter genesis based solely on temporal field dynamics. The results validate key claims of Chronon Field Theory and suggest a simulation-based path toward understanding the origin of particles from the topology of time itself.
Iodine reduction for reproducible and high-performance perovskite solar cells and modules
Creators: name: Gu H
name: Huang J
name: Xiao X
name: Chen S
Publisher: name: American Association for the Advancement of Science
Year: 2021

description: Perovskite-based electronic materials and devices such as perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have notoriously bad reproducibility, which greatly impedes both fundamental understanding of their intrinsic properties and real-world applications. Here, we report that organic iodide perovskite precursors can be oxidized to I2 even for carefully sealed precursor powders or solutions, which markedly deteriorates the performance and reproducibility of PSCs. Adding benzylhydrazine hydrochloride (BHC) as a reductant into degraded precursor solutions can effectively reduce the detrimental I2 back to I−, accompanied by a substantial reduction of I3−-induced charge traps in the films. BHC residuals in perovskite films further stabilize the PSCs under operation conditions. BHC improves the stabilized efficiency of the blade-coated p-i-n structure PSCs to a record value of 23.2% (22.62 ± 0.40% certified by National Renewable Energy Laboratory), and the high-efficiency devices have a very high yield. A stabilized aperture efficiency of 18.2% is also achieved on a 35.8-cm2 mini-module.
AIDS, Human Rights, and Public Security in China
Creators: name: Wan, Yanhai
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: This paper offers a detailed analysis of the epidemiological and legal paradigm for HIV risk in China, paying a particular attention to China’s public security involvement in addressing HIV/AIDS epidemic. In the past two decades, instead of developing a supportive environment of HIV/AIDS prevention and care, China has developed a punitive approach in its responses to the HIV/AIDS epidemic, including cracking down on prostitution, drug use and drug trafficking, illegal blood collection, and intentional HIV transmission. The paper reviews how the Chinese government painted HIV/AIDS as a foreigner's disease and moral problem in 1987-2006, and China's discrimination and isolation policy against people with HIV/AIDS. In 2006, the Chinese government began to implement China’s Regulations on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Treatment which commits to guarantee equal rights of people with HIV/AIDS in medical care, marriage, employment and education, but in reality people with HIV/AIDS are facing severe discrimination on medical care, marriage, employment and education. Finally, the paper introduces China’s public security surveillance against people with HIV/AIDS or people at risk of HIV infection nationally, which causes stigmatization, privacy disclosure, and rights violations against people with HIV/AIDS.
Public Health and Drug Policing in Malaysia : Using Empirical Evidence for Advocacy
Creators: name: Rahman, Fifa
name: Salleh, Iqa Mohd
name: Golichenko, Olga
name: Lunze, Karsten
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: After declaring a “War on Drugs” in 2003, Malaysia adopted harm reduction as official policy in 2006 to reduce substance use related risks and subsequently implemented needle-and-syringe exchange programs and methadone maintenance therapies. Seven years after the inception of Malaysia’s harm reduction policy, the Centre of Excellence and Research in AIDS (CERiA) and the Malaysian AIDS Council (MAC) carried out qualitative research with police officers and people who use drugs to determine attitudes towards harm reduction and drug use, and to elicit perspectives on better approaches in drug law enforcement. We conducted qualitative research with 20 people who use drugs and 11 police officers based in police stations in various states in Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur, Pahang, and Kelantan). These interviews showed that police often lack understanding on the efficacy and operation of harm reduction programs. Interviews with people who use drugs pointed to a host of police practices that constitute barriers to treatment, including physical violence and psychological abuse, corrupt practices and failure to inform individuals of their rights. These results will inform subsequent quantitative surveys to generate further evidence on drug law enforcement and public health implications in Malaysia. Based on these empirical findings, we undertook evidence-based advocacy, maintaining an advocacy log containing key events including meetings with key officials, tweets, emails and text messages that contributed to improving police awareness about harm reduction and drug evidence-based drug policy. This chapter summarizes our approach to and results of evidence-informed advocacy work. Our experience of this qualitative research and its gains for advocacy demonstrate that larger scale interventions involving high-level police officials may be necessary to change policing practices, some of which are structural or are ingrained in police culture but oppose public health evidence. Numerous studies and reports have proven that harsh penalties and oppressive policing negatively impact public health, increase marginalisation, and increase drug-related crime, and that the inverse i.e. decriminalisation paired with access to voluntary health services improve public health and reduce drug-related crime. (Hughes & Stevens, 2012; Fullerton, et al, 2014; GCDP, 2014; Rhodes, et al, 2006) Negative practices have the potential to seep (and in some cases, are already seeping) into other agencies in drug policy and drug control. A consolidated written drug policy would assist in mitigating these issues, as we outline below.
Tutorial: A Beginner's Guide to Interpreting Magnetic Susceptibility Data with the Curie-Weiss Law
Creators: name: Mugiraneza, Sam
name: Hallas, Alannah M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic susceptibility measurements are often the first characterization tool that researchers turn to when beginning to assess the magnetic nature of a newly discovered material. Breakthroughs in instrumentation have made the collection of high quality magnetic susceptibility data more accessible than ever before. However, the analysis of susceptibility data remains a common challenge for newcomers to the field of magnetism. While a comprehensive treatment of the theoretical aspects of magnetism are found in numerous excellent textbooks, there is a gap at the point of practical application. We were inspired by this obstacle to put together this guide to the analysis and interpretation of magnetic susceptibility data, with an emphasis on materials that exhibit Curie-Weiss paramagnetism.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures
Supplementary document for Long short-term memory neural network for directly inverse design of nanofin metasurface - 5884882.pdf
Creators: name: Deng, Wenqiang
name: XU, Zhengji
name: Wang, Jinhao
name: Lv, Jinwen
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2025
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplemental Document
Review assesses the state of the art regarding the use of livestock for ecosystem management in Mediterranean landscapes
Creators: name: Pacheco Marques, Pedro
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Multifunctional forest management
landscape/land management
Agroforestry
Managing ecosystem services

description: This work explores livestock grazing as a tool for ecosystem management in Mediterranean landscapes; assessing its impact on wildfire prevention; biodiversity; and soil quality in diverse ecosystems and under different grazing regimes.
COMPANION IDENTITY OF THE AKIYAMA-TANIGAWA'S RELATION INVOLVING STIRLING NUMBERS
Creators: name: M. Vasuki*, R. Sivaraman**, R. Cruz-Santiago*** & J. López-Bonilla***
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: We show an identity involving Stirling numbers which can be considered the companion relation of the Akiyama-Tanigawa’s formula.
An upper bound on binomial coefficients in the de Moivre-Laplace form
Creators: name: Agievich, Sergey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We suggest an upper bound on binomial coefficients that holds over the entire parameter range and whose form repeats the form of the de Moivre-Laplace approximation of the symmetric binomial distribution. Using the bound, we estimate the number of continuations of a given Boolean function to bent functions, investigate dependencies into the Walsh-Hadamard spectra, obtain restrictions on the number of representations as sum of squares of integers bounded in magnitude.
Classification of Astronomical Bodies by Efficient Layer Fine-Tuning of Deep Neural Networks
Creators: name: Ethiraj, Sabeesh
name: Bolla, Bharath Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The SDSS-IV dataset contains information about various astronomical bodies such as Galaxies, Stars, and Quasars captured by observatories. Inspired by our work on deep multimodal learning, which utilized transfer learning to classify the SDSS-IV dataset, we further extended our research in the fine tuning of these architectures to study the effect in the classification scenario. Architectures such as Resnet-50, DenseNet-121 VGG-16, Xception, EfficientNetB2, MobileNetV2 and NasnetMobile have been built using layer wise fine tuning at different levels. Our findings suggest that freezing all layers with Imagenet weights and adding a final trainable layer may not be the optimal solution. Further, baseline models and models that have higher number of trainable layers performed similarly in certain architectures. Model need to be fine tuned at different levels and a specific training ratio is required for a model to be termed ideal. Different architectures had different responses to the change in the number of trainable layers w.r.t accuracies. While models such as DenseNet-121, Xception, EfficientNetB2 achieved peak accuracies that were relatively consistent with near perfect training curves, models such as Resnet-50,VGG-16, MobileNetV2 and NasnetMobile had lower, delayed peak accuracies with poorly fitting training curves. It was also found that though mobile neural networks have lesser parameters and model size, they may not always be ideal for deployment on a low computational device as they had consistently lower validation accuracies. Customized evaluation metrics such as Tuning Parameter Ratio and Tuning Layer Ratio are used for model evaluation.
description: Accepted at 5th Conference on Information and Communication Technology (CICT), 2021
The end use of marine fisheries landings
Creators: name: Cashion, Tim
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia. Fisheries Centre
Year: 2017

description: Globally, the production of fishmeal and fish oil (FMFO) has been reliant on dedicated fisheries since at least the 1950s. While these products formerly found diverse uses, they are now used almost entirely for livestock and aquaculture production (Tacon and Metian 2008). There has also been a growth in the practice of direct feeding of fish to aquaculture operations for various taxa (Funge-Smith et al. 2005). Both of these uses are for purposes other than direct human consumption (DHC) and have been criticized as wasteful and unethical (Naylor and Burke 2005; Tacon and Metian 2009b). On the other hand, the market possibility and complete use of all fisheries landings for DHC has been contested (Wijkström 2009, 2010). However, this debate has also been marked by a lack of clarity around what fish are used for fishmeal and fish oil production and for direct feeding, outside of a few major species that have come to characterize the sector, such as the Peruvian anchoveta (Engraulis ringens). Furthermore, as the fishmeal/oil sector is thought to represent close to 1/3 of global capture fisheries in recent years (Alder et al. 2008; Tacon and Metian 2009a), understanding its dynamics is important to guide future fisheries policy and fisheries research. We aim to characterize the role of non-DHC fisheries in global capture fisheries, including both reduction fisheries for fishmeal and oil and fisheries for ‘trash fish’ (i.e., direct feed). Thus, we provide a global coverage of reduction/feed fisheries for each fishing entity (i.e., fishing country or flag country) from 1950-2010, based on the reconstructed global catch database of the Sea Around Us (Pauly and Zeller 2016). This will enable us to analyze a sector of capture fisheries that is relatively poorly understood in its global extent and development, and permits the documentation of current trends within reduction fisheries. Additionally, our focus on the full time period back to 1950 enables us to develop an understanding of the use of fisheries landings almost since the beginning of post-WWII industrial fisheries.
MIP 2022 | Heft 2
Creators: name: PRUF
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Parteienwissenschaften
Year: 2022

description: Zeitschrift für Parteienwissenschaften, Nr. 2 (2022): Zeitschrift für Parteienwissenschaften – Sonderausgabe "Parteitage" in Kooperation mit Verfassungsblog und Stiftung Wissenschaft & Demokratie