cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Characterization and manipulation of intervalley scattering induced by an individual monovacancy in graphene
Creators: name: Zhang, Yu
name: Gao, Fei
name: Gao, Shiwu
name: Brandbyge, Mads
name: He, Lin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Intervalley scattering involves microscopic processes that electrons are scattered by atomic-scale defects on nanometer length scales. Although central to our understanding of electronic properties of materials, direct characterization and manipulation of range and strength of the intervalley scattering induced by an individual atomic defect have so far been elusive. Using scanning tunneling microscope, we visualized and controlled intervalley scattering from an individual monovacancy in graphene. By directly imaging the affected range of intervalley scattering of the monovacancy, we demonstrated that it is inversely proportional to the energy, i.e., it is proportional to the wavelength of massless Dirac Fermions. A giant electron-hole asymmetry of the intervalley scattering is observed because that the monovacancy is charged. By further charging the monovacancy, the bended electronic potential around the monovacancy softened the scattering potential, which, consequently, suppressed the intervalley scattering of the monovacancy.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures
Effect of quartic-quintic beyond-mean-field interactions on a self-bound dipolar droplet
Creators: name: Young-S., Luis E.
name: Adhikari, S. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effect of beyond-mean-field quantum-fluctuation (QF) Lee-Huang-Yang (LHY) and three-body interactions, with quartic and quintic nonlinearities, respectively, on the formation of a stable self-repulsive (positive scattering length $a$) and a self-attractive (negative $a$) self-bound dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) droplet in free space under the action of two-body contact and dipolar interactions. Previous studies of dipolar droplets considered either the LHY interaction or the three-body interaction, as either of these interactions could stabilize a dipolar BEC droplet against collapse. We find that the effect of three-body recombination on the formation of a dipolar droplet could be quite large and for a complete description of the problem both the QF LHY and three-body interactions should be considered simultaneously, where appropriate. In the self-repulsive case for small $a$ and in the self-attractive case, no appropriate LHY interaction is known and only three-body interaction should be used, otherwise both beyond-mean-field interactions should be used. We consider a numerical solution of a highly-nonlinear beyond-mean-field model as well as a variational approximation to it in this investigation and present results for size, shape and energy of a dipolar droplet of polarized $^{164}$Dy atoms. The shape is filament-like, along the polarization direction, and could be long, for a large number of atoms $N$, short for small $N$, thin for negative $a$ and small positive $a$, and fat for large positive $a$.
Running of the Spectral Index and Inflationary Dynamics of $F(R)$ Gravity
Creators: name: Odintsov, S. D.
name: Oikonomou, V. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we shall provide a model-independent general calculation of the running of the spectral index for vacuum $F(R)$ gravities. We shall exploit the functional form of the spectral index and of the tensor-to-scalar ratio in order to present a general $n_s-r$ relation for vacuum $F(R)$ gravity theories. As we show, viable $F(R)$ gravity theories can be classified to two classes of models regarding their prediction for the running spectral index. The $R^2$-attractor models predict a running of the spectral index in the range $-10^{-3}
Design and control of noise-induced synchronization patterns
Creators: name: Kurebayashi, Wataru
name: Ishii, Tsubasa
name: Hasegawa, Mikio
name: Nakao, Hiroya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a method for controlling synchronization patterns of limit-cycle oscillators by common noisy inputs, i.e., by utilizing noise-induced synchronization. Various synchronization patterns, including fully synchronized and clustered states, can be realized by using linear filters that generate appropriate common noisy signals from given noise. The optimal linear filter can be determined from the linear phase response property of the oscillators and the power spectrum of the given noise. The validity of the proposed method is confirmed by numerical simulations.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
A testing framework for executable domain-specific languages
Creators: name: Khorram, Faezeh
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Model-Driven Engineering (MDE)
Executable Domain Specific Language (xDSL)
Model testing
Test quality measurement
Test debugging
Test amplification

description: The continuous growth of software complexity raises the need for effective complexity management. Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) is a development paradigm that meets this requirement by separating concerns through models. A model is a specific abstraction of a system that can be defined by a Domain-Specific Language (DSL). A DSL with execution facilities, referred to as Executable DSL (xDSL), enriches the modeling quality by enabling the employment of dynamic Verification & Validation (V&V) techniques. Testing is the most prevalent dynamic V&V technique in the field of software engineering. While many testing frameworks exist for general-purpose programming languages, providing testing facilities for any given xDSL remains a costly and challenging task. In this thesis, we propose a generic testing framework for executable DSLs. Given an xDSL, the framework provides a testing language that supports the use of xDSL-specific concepts in the definition of test cases. This enables the xDSL’s users, namely the domain experts, to write test cases for their models. The written test cases can be executed on the models and the test results will be produced. To further support the domain expert in efficiently testing models, the framework offers three supplementary services: (i) test quality measurement to ensure that the written test cases are good enough; (ii) test debugging to localize the fault of the model under test in case of test failure; and (iii) automatic test improvement to strengthen the ability of written test cases in detecting regression faults.
Subleading contributions to $N$-boson systems inside the universal window
Creators: name: Recchia, Paolo
name: Kievsky, Alejandro
name: Girlanda, Luca
name: Gattobigio, Mario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study bosonic systems in the regime in which the two-body system has a shallow bound state or, equivalently, a large value of the two-body scattering length. Using the effective field theory framework as a guide, we construct a series of potential terms which have decreasing importance in the description of the binding energy of the systems. The leading order potential terms consist of a two-body term, usually attractive, plus a three-body term, usually repulsive; this last term is required to prevent the collapse of systems with more than two particles. At this order, the parametrization of the two-body potential is done to obtain a correct description of the scattering length, which governs the dynamics in this regime, whereas the three-body term fixes a three-body datum. We investigate the role of the cut-off in the leading order description and we extend the exploration beyond the leading order by including the next-to-leading order terms in both, the two- and three-body potentials. We use the requirement of the stability of the N-body system, whose energy is variationally estimated, to introduce the three-body forces. The potential parametrization, as a function of the cut-off, is fixed to describe the energy of 4 He clusters up to seven particles within the expected accuracy. Finally, we also explore the possibility to describe at the same time the atom-dimer scattering length.
An Exploration of Mechanisms and Policies for Gateways in Real-Time Embedded Systems
Creators: name: Ray, Justin D.
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computer Engineering
subject: 90699 Electrical and Electronic Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: It is becoming increasingly common to connect traditional embedded system networks to the Internet for remote monitoring, high-level control, and integration. One architectural approach to building internetworked systems is to add a gateway between the embedded system and the external network. These gateways must transfer data between two heterogeneous networks without inducing application failures due to variations in timing or bandwidth between the two networks. Despite the importance of gateways, there is no clear recipe for designing them. To study gateway design, we examine gateway mechanisms that can be used to handle data passing through a gateway and describe policies for configuring these mechanisms. In this work, we examine the differences between generic mechanisms (i.e. queues) and application-aware mechanisms that use knowledge of the data being transferred. Using simulation with abstract network models, we compare the performance of these mechanisms and show that application-aware mechanisms can be useful in improving gateway performance in some situations. We also use a case study of a traffic control application to evaluate the performance of gateway mechanisms with simulations that model different network and environmental scenarios. We find that selection of the proper gateway mechanism can improve performance of the traffic control application, and we provide selection guidance based on the mean inter-arrival time of the network. These results show that in most scenarios, application-aware filter mechanisms outperform generic queue mechanisms.
Common envelopes in massive stars II: The distinct roles of hydrogen and helium recombination
Creators: name: Lau, Mike Y. M.
name: Hirai, Ryosuke
name: Price, Daniel J.
name: Mandel, Ilya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The role of recombination during a common-envelope event has been long debated. Many studies have argued that much of hydrogen recombination energy, which is radiated in relatively cool and optically-thin layers, might not thermalise in the envelope. On the other hand, helium recombination contains 30% of the total recombination energy, and occurs much deeper in the stellar envelope. We investigate the distinct roles played by hydrogen and helium recombination in a common-envelope interaction experienced by a 12 solar mass red supergiant donor. We perform adiabatic, 3D hydrodynamical simulations that (i) include hydrogen, helium, and molecular hydrogen recombination, (ii) include hydrogen and helium recombination, (iii) include only helium recombination, and (iv) do not include recombination energy. By comparing these simulations, we find that the addition of helium recombination energy alone ejects 30% more envelope mass, and leads to a 16% larger post-plunge-in separation. Under the adiabatic assumption, adding hydrogen recombination energy increases the amount of ejected mass by a further 40%, possibly unbinding the entire envelope, but does not affect the post-plunge separation. Most of the ejecta becomes unbound at relatively high (>70%) degrees of hydrogen ionisation, where the hydrogen recombination energy is likely to expand the envelope instead of being radiated away.
description: 10 pages and 6 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Additional file 42 of Non-canonical two-step biosynthesis of anti-oomycete indole alkaloids in Kickxellales
Creators: name: Rassbach, Johannes
name: Hilsberg, Nathalie
name: Haensch, Veit G.
name: Dörner, Sebastian
name: Gressler, Julia
name: Sonnabend, Robin
name: Semm, Caroline
name: Voigt, Kerstin
name: Hertweck, Christian
name: Gressler, Markus
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Organic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 42: Figure S36. Percent identity depending on the alignment score of LinB-like proteins in SSN.
Analysis of a Developmental Gene Regulatory Network in the Sea Urchin Embryo During Normal and Regulative Development
Creators: name: Sharma, Tara
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description:
Every zygote follows a characteristic developmental path resulting in a complex multicellular organism, with specialized cells performing specialized functions. This developmental path is faithfully inherited over generations, suggesting that the regulatory code is hardwired in the genome. A unifying theme in developmental biology is to decipher this genomic code. Pioneering work in the sea urchin embryo has lead to the detailed understanding of the gene regulatory network (GRN) that underlies the specification of the skeletogenic cells, cells that secrete the larval skeleton. The sea urchin embryo is also known for its regulative properties and a remarkable feature of the skeletogenic network is that can be ectopically activated in any cell of the embryo during regulative development. This presents a unique opportunity to study the reconfiguration of developmental networks in different cellular contexts.
The work presented in this thesis refines our understanding regarding the initial deployment of this GRN during normal development. The activation of this network is thought to be regulated by a derepression mechanism, which is mediated by the products of the pmar1 and hesC genes. Here, we show that the activation of the skeletogenic network occurs by a mechanism that is distinct from the transcriptional repression of hesC. We provide evidence that unequal cell division in the vegetal blastomeres is tightly linked to the activation of the early regulatory genes. In addition, our analysis of the upstream regulation of the two key transcription factors, alx1 and tbr, reveal that these genes are controlled by a two-phase regulation that can be divided into an activation phase and a maintenance phase.
Furthermore, to dissect the molecular underpinnings of regulative development we have taken advantage of the rich knowledge of the skeletogenic GRN. We have used two experimental paradigms, first, that induces the activation of the skeletogenic GRN in the cells of the non-skeletogenic mesoderm and second, that activates this network in the endodermal cells. Our findings highlight several interesting and significant differences in the initial deployment of this network during regulative development. We provide evidence that, despite these upstream differences the downstream network is faithfully recapitulated. We also show that the NSM subpopulation that activates the skeletogenic GRN is the prospective blastocoelar cells. Finally, we show that mitotic cell division does not play a role in lineage reprogramming (both NSM and endoderm) in the sea urchin embryo. These and other findings described in the following chapters further illuminate our understanding of development GRNs and the evolution of cell lineages.
Coefficient characterization of linear differential equations with maximal symmetries
Creators: name: Ndogmo, J. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 70G65, 34C20

description: A characterization of the general linear equation in standard form admitting a maximal symmetry algebra is obtained in terms of a simple set of conditions relating the coefficients of the equation. As a consequence, it is shown that in its general form such an equation can be expressed in terms of only two arbitrary functions, and its connection with the Laguerre-Forsyth form is clarified. The characterizing conditions are also used to derive an infinite family of semi-invariants, each corresponding to an arbitrary order of the linear equation. Finally a simplifying ansatz is established, which allows an easier determination of the infinitesimal generators of the induced pseudo group of equivalence transformations, for all the three most general canonical forms of the equation.
description: 18 Pages
NON-DRUG EXPENDITURES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF TYPE-2 DIABETES MELLITUS AT ENUGU STATE UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL, NIGERIA
Creators: name: Dr. Chukwudi, Emmanuel Okeke
Publisher: name: kEITH jOURNAL
Year: 2025
Subjects: Non-drug expenditure, Type-2 diabetes mellitus, Indirect costs, Health care, Nigeria

description: This study aimed to assess the non-drug expenditures incurred by patients managing type-2 diabetes mellitus at the Enugu State University Teaching Hospital (ESUTH), Enugu, Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2021, involving 422 patients diagnosed with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire, which inquired about workdays missed, time spent in healthcare facilities, expenditures on household help, transportation, special diets, and physiotherapy (if applicable). The results revealed that 60.4% of participants missed at least 10 days of work annually due to their condition, and 40.8% spent 2-4 hours per visit to the hospital. Additionally, 35.3% of patients hired household help, with most paying less than N5,000 per month. Around 32.7% of participants spent under N2,000 for transportation to attend medical appointments. Furthermore, 38.6% experienced complications, and 14% of these patients reported spending between N5,000 and N10,000 annually on managing complications. The findings suggest that the non-drug costs associated with managing type-2 diabetes can significantly exceed the costs of medications and related accessories. The burden of these indirect expenses, such as lost productivity and the need for additional household support, is substantial, highlighting the importance of considering these hidden costs in diabetes care management
Acceptability and feasibility of mobile phone-based ecological momentary assessment and intervention in Uganda: A pilot randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Mbabali, Ismail
name: Chang, Larry
name: Bugos, Eva
name: Beres, Laura K.
name: Anok, Aggrey
name: Grabowski, Mary K.
name: Thomas, Alvin G.
name: Nakigozi, Gertrude
name: Mulamba, Jeremiah
name: Katabalwa, Charles
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Valid, reliable behavioral data and contextually meaningful interventions are necessary for improved health outcomes. Ecological Momentary Assessment and Intervention (EMAI), which collects data as behaviors occur to deliver real-time interventions, may be more accurate and reliable than retrospective methods. The rapid expansion of mobile technologies in low-and-middle-income countries allows for unprecedented remote data collection and intervention opportunities. However, no previous studies have trialed EMAI in sub-Saharan Africa. We assessed EMAI acceptability and feasibility, including participant retention and response rate, in a prospective, parallel group, randomized pilot trial in Rakai, Uganda comparing behavioral outcomes among adults submitting ecological momentary assessments (EMA) versus EMAI. After training, participants submitted EMA data on five nutrition and health risk behaviors over a 90-day period using a smartphone-based application utilizing prompt-based, participant-initiated, and geospatial coordinate data collection, with study coordinator support and incentives for >50% completion. Included behaviors and associated EMAI-arm intervention messages were selected to pilot a range of EMAI applications. Acceptability was measured on questionnaires. We estimated the association between high response rate and participant characteristics and conducted thematic analysis characterizing participant experiences. Study completion was 48/50 participants. Median prompt response rate was 66.5% (IQR: 60.0%-78.6%). Prior smartphone app use at baseline (aPR 3.76, 95%CI: 1.16–12.17, p = 0.03) and being in the intervention arm (aPR 2.55, 95% CI: 1.01–6.44, p = 0.05) were significantly associated with the top response rate quartile (response to >78.6% of prompts). All participants submitted self-initiated reports, covering all behaviors of interest, including potentially sensitive behaviors. Inconsistent phone charging was the most reported feasibility challenge. In this pilot, EMAI was acceptable and feasible. Response rates were good; additional strategies to improve compliance should be investigated. EMAI using mobile technologies may support improved behavioral data collection and intervention approaches in low and middle-income settings. This approach should be tested in larger studies.
Nonlinear optical properties and Kerr nonlinearity of Rydberg excitons in Cu$_2$O quantum wells
Creators: name: Ziemkiewicz, David
name: Czajkowski, Gerard
name: Karpiński, Karol
name: Zielińska-Raczyńska, Sylwia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum confiment of Rydberg excitons (REs) in quantum structures opens the way towards considering nonlinear interactions in such systems. We present a theoretical calculation of optical functions in the case of a nonlinear coupling between REs in a quantum well with an electromagnetic wave. Using the Real Density Matrix Approach (RDMA), the analytical expressions for a linear and nonlinear absorption are derived and numerical calculations for Cu$_2$0 quantum wells are performed. The results indicate the conditions in which quantum well confinement states can be observed in linear and nonlinear optical spectra. The Kerr nonlinearity and self-phase modulation in such a system are studied. The effect of Rydberg blockade and the associated optical bleaching are also discussed and confronted with available experimental data.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
Thin and thick cloud top height retrieval algorithm with the Infrared Camera and LIDAR of the JEM-EUSO Space Mission
Creators: name: Sáez-Cano, G.
name: Ríos, J. A. Morales de los
name: del Peral, L.
name: Neronov, A.
name: Wada, S.
name: Frías, M. D. Rodríguez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The origin of cosmic rays have remained a mistery for more than a century. JEM-EUSO is a pioneer space-based telescope that will be located at the International Space Station (ISS) and its aim is to detect Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR) and Extremely High Energy Cosmic Rays (EHECR) by observing the atmosphere. Unlike ground-based telescopes, JEM-EUSO will observe from upwards, and therefore, for a properly UHECR reconstruction under cloudy conditions, a key element of JEM-EUSO is an Atmospheric Monitoring System (AMS). This AMS consists of a space qualified bi-spectral Infrared Camera, that will provide the cloud coverage and cloud top height in the JEM-EUSO Field of View (FoV) and a LIDAR, that will measure the atmospheric optical depth in the direction it has been shot. In this paper we will explain the effects of clouds for the determination of the UHECR arrival direction. Moreover, since the cloud top height retrieval is crucial to analyze the UHECR and EHECR events under cloudy conditions, the retrieval algorithm that fulfills the technical requierements of the Infrared Camera of JEM-EUSO to reconstruct the cloud top height is presently reported.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures, Atmohead Conference 2014
Structural aspects of FRG in quantum tunnelling computations
Creators: name: Bonanno, Alfio
name: Codello, Alessandro
name: Zappala', Dario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We probe both the unidimensional quartic harmonic oscillator and the double well potential through a numerical analysis of the Functional Renormalization Group flow equations truncated at first order in the derivative expansion. The two partial differential equations for the potential V_k(varphi) and the wave function renormalization Z_k(varphi), as obtained in different schemes and with distinct regulators, are studied down to k=0, and the energy gap between lowest and first excited state is computed, in order to test the reliability of the approach in a strongly non-perturbative regime. Our findings point out at least three ranges of the quartic coupling lambda, one with higher lambda where the lowest order approximation is already accurate, the intermediate one where the inclusion of the first correction produces a good agreement with the exact results and, finally, the one with smallest lambda where presumably the higher order correction of the flow is needed. Some details of the specifics of the infrared regulator are also discussed.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures
Additional file 43 of Non-canonical two-step biosynthesis of anti-oomycete indole alkaloids in Kickxellales
Creators: name: Rassbach, Johannes
name: Hilsberg, Nathalie
name: Haensch, Veit G.
name: Dörner, Sebastian
name: Gressler, Julia
name: Sonnabend, Robin
name: Semm, Caroline
name: Voigt, Kerstin
name: Hertweck, Christian
name: Gressler, Markus
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Organic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 43: Figure S37. Histogram of sequence lengths of LinB-like proteins used for SSN analysis.
title: Διερεύνηση κατανομής λιθίου σε ιστορικά καταγεγραμμένες ιαματικές πηγές της Δυτικής Κρήτης
Creators: name: Τσαβδαρας Αθανασιος
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2020

description: Ο σκοπός της παρούσας διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι η διερεύνηση κατανομής κύριων στοιχείων και ιχνοστοιχείων σε δείγματα νερού από ιστορικά καταγεγραμμένες ιαματικές πηγές της Δυτικής Κρήτης, με έμφαση στο ιχνοστοιχείο λίθιο. Μελετώνται 4 ομάδες δειγμάτων. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, μελετώνται δείγματα νερού από πηγές που φιλοξενούνται εντός της Φυλλιτικής Χαλαζιτικής Σειράς, δείγματα νερού από πηγές που φιλοξενούνται εντός Νεογενών σχηματισμών, δείγματα νερού από πηγές που φιλοξενούνται εντός Νεογενών σχηματισμών με παρουσία γύψων και τέλος δείγματα νερού από πηγές που το νερό τους αναμειγνύεται με θαλασσινό νερό. Συγκρίνοντας την περιεκτικότητα του νερού σε λίθιο αλλά και τα υπόλοιπα στοιχεία για κάθε ομάδα δειγμάτων, διαπιστώθηκαν εμφανείς διαφορές. Ειδικότερα, όσον αφορά στη συγκέντρωση του λιθίου, στα δείγματα νερού των πηγών που φιλοξενούνται εντός Φυλλιτικής Χαλαζιτικής Σειράς, κυμαίνεται από 0,81 μg/L έως 1,52 μg/L, στα δείγματα νερού των πηγών που φιλοξενούνται εντός Νεογενών σχηματισμών, κυμαίνεται από 0,2 μg/L έως 2,12 μg/L, ενώ  στα δείγματα νερού των πηγών που φιλοξενούνται εντός Νεογενών σχηματισμών με παρουσία γύψων κυμαίνεται από 2,45 μg/L έως 6,27 μg/L. Στα δείγματα νερού που αναμειγνύονται με θαλασσινό νερό το εύρος της συγκέντρωσης λιθίου είναι από 11,54 μg/L έως 27,29 μg/L το οποίο οφείλεται στην αυξημένη συγκέντρωση του λιθίου στο θαλασσινό νερό (90 μg/L, σε δείγμα από τη θάλασσα από το παραλιακό μέτωπο της Λισσού).
Για την οπτικοποίηση των αποτελεσμάτων των χημικών αναλύσεων και το χαρακτηρισμό των δειγμάτων νερού κατασκευάστηκαν διαγράμματα Piper και διαγράμματα Schoeller, με τη χρήση του προγράμματος προγράμματος Aquachem (Waterloo Hydrogrologic).
Σύμφωνα με τα διαγράμματα Piper, τα δείγματα νερού των πηγών που φιλοξενούνται εντός της Φυλλιτικής Χαλαζιτικής Σειράς χαρακτηρίζονται ως καλιονατριούχα-χλωριοθειϊκά, τα δείγματα νερού που φιλοξενούνται εντός Νεογενών σχηματισμών χαρακτηρίζονται  ως ασβεστομαγνησιούχα-διττανθρακικά, τα δείγματα νερού των πηγών που φιλοξενούνται εντός Νεογενών σχηματισμών με παρουσία γύψων έχουν μικτή σύσταση και τέλος τα δείγματα νερού που αναμειγνύονται με θαλασσινό νερό χαρακτηρίζονται ως χλωριονατριούχα.
Για λόγους πληρότητας, στην παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία, παρουσιάζονται οι  φυσικοχημικές ιδιότητες του λιθίου, οι χρήσεις του καθώς και τα οφέλη των ενώσεων του λιθίου σε συγκεκριμένες ψυχιατρικές διαταραχές. Ακόμη γίνεται αναφορά στην προέλευση του λιθίου καθώς και των μέσων συγκεντρώσεων σε ανώτερο ηπειρωτικό φλοιό και στα υπόγεια ύδατα. Επιπροσθέτως, παρουσιάζονται συνοπτικά τα παγκόσμια αποθέματα λιθίου, τα ορυκτά που φέρουν λίθιο καθώς και οι τρόποι εκμετάλλευσής του. Τέλος, λόγω της χρήσης του σε μπαταρίες ιόντων λιθίου για τα ηλεκτρικά αυτοκίνητα τα οποία θα αντικαταστήσουν τα συμβατικά,  συμβάλλει στην μείωση των ατμοσφαιρικών ρύπων.
On the role of the history force for inertial particles in turbulence
Creators: name: Daitche, Anton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The history force is one of the hydrodynamic forces which act on a particle moving through a fluid. It is an integral over the full time history of the particle's motion and significantly complicates the equations of motion (accordingly it is often neglected). We present here a study of the influence of this force on particles moving in a turbulent flow, for a wide range of particle parameters. It is shown that the magnitude of history force can be significant and that it can have a considerable effect on the particles' slip velocity, acceleration, preferential concentration and collision rate. We also investigate the parameter dependence of the strength of these effects.
Multiple dimensions of niche specialization explain changes in species’ range area, occupancy, and population size
Creators: name: Hurlbert, Allen H.
name: Di Cecco, Grace J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: In response to environmental change, species may decrease or increase in population size across their range, expand or contract their range limits, or alter how sites are occupied within their existing range. Shifts in range limits and widespread changes in population size have been documented in birds especially in response to changes in climate. Range occupancy, or how patchily or continuously a species is distributed within their range, has been studied less in the context of anthropogenic changes but may be expected to decrease with range-wide population size if abundance-occupancy relationships are generally positive. Determining which properties of species are related to range expansion or contraction or increased range occupancy or decreased range occupancy is useful in developing an understanding of which species become “winners” or “losers” under global change. Species with broader climatic niches may be more likely to successfully expand to new sites as climate changes. Range occupancy can be related to habitat preferences of species, and habitat specialization may predict how species fill in sites within their range. To examine how species niche breadth may explain changes in species distributions, we modeled how changes in range-wide population size, range extent, and range occupancy from 1976 to 2016 were predicted by species’ climate, habitat, and diet niche breadth for 77 North American breeding bird species. We found that climate generalists were more likely to be increasing in range area, while species with declining population trends were likely to be contracting in range area and in occupancy within their range. Understanding how different dimensions of specialization relate to shifts in species distributions may improve predictions of which species are expected to benefit from or be vulnerable to anthropogenic change.
Tight-binding billiards
Creators: name: Ulčakar, Iris
name: Vidmar, Lev
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent works have established universal entanglement properties and demonstrated validity of single-particle eigenstate thermalization in quantum-chaotic quadratic Hamiltonians. However, a common property of all quantum-chaotic quadratic Hamiltonians studied in this context so far is the presence of random terms that act as a source of disorder. Here we introduce tight-binding billiards in two dimensions, which are described by non-interacting spinless fermions on a disorder-free square lattice subject to curved open (hard-wall) boundaries. We show that many properties of tight-binding billiards match those of quantum-chaotic quadratic Hamiltonians: the average entanglement entropy of many-body eigenstates approaches the random matrix theory predictions and one-body observables in single-particle eigenstates obey the single-particle eigenstate thermalization hypothesis. On the other hand, a degenerate subset of single-particle eigenstates at zero energy (i.e., the zero modes) can be described as chiral particles whose wavefunctions are confined to one of the sublattices.
Environmental Justice Assessment of Fine Particles, Ozone, and Mercury over the Pearl River Delta Region, China
Creators: name: Lin, Che-Jen
name: Wang, Shuxiao
name: Chen, Geng
name: Chang, Wang
name: Xing, Jia
name: Long, Shicheng
name: Fang, Tingting
name: Li, Jinying
name: Arunachalam, Saravanan
name: Zhu, Yun
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Assessment of environmental justice (EJ, a concept related to the distributional fairness of environmental risks) is a crucial component in environmental risk management. However, the risks associated with air pollutants and toxins have rarely been evaluated jointly. Therefore, using an approach integrating modeling, data fusion, and health benefits analysis, we performed an EJ assessment on the mortalities caused by fine particle (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) concentrations and mercury (Hg) deposition over the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region. The concentration index (CI) was used to measure EJ in low-income distributions and age structures, and a larger value implied a greater EJ issue. The results revealed that the CIs of PM2.5, O3, and Hg were 0.35, 0.32, and 0.16, respectively, based on the percentage of the low-income population, and 0.39, 0.36, and 0.23, respectively, based on the elderly and children, indicating that environmental injustice was more prominent for PM2.5 and more reflected in the elderly and children. The center (e.g., Guangzhou) and some marginal areas (e.g., northeast of Jiangmen) in the PRD were overburdened areas with PM2.5, O3, and Hg pollution due to their intensive source emissions. Moreover, cumulative environmental risk (CER) corrected by population vulnerability exhibited significant differences among the cities; for example, cumulative environmental risk scores (CERSs) in Jiangmen, Huizhou, and Zhaoqing were 14.18 to 32.98 times higher than that in Shenzhen. Hence, the implementation of multipollutant control policies for local PM2.5, O3, and Hg in overburdened areas is recommended to further promote EJ in the PRD.
Effects of magnetic shear and thermodynamic asymmetry on spontaneous MHD magnetic reconnection
Creators: name: Nitta, Shin-ya
name: Kondoh, Koji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spontaneous evolution of magnetic reconnection in generalized situations (with thermodynamic asymmetry regarding the current sheet and magnetic shear) is investigated using two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulation. We focus on the asymptotic state of temporal evolution, i.e., the self-similarly expanding phase (Nitta et al. 2001). 1) A long fast-mode shock is generated in front of the shorter plasmoid as in the shear-less thermodynamically asymmetric case; however, the sheared magnetic component weakens the shock. This fast shock may work as a particle acceleration site. 2) The shorter plasmoid-side plasma infiltrates the longer plasmoid across the current sheet. Then, the plasmas from both sides of the current sheet coexist on the same magnetic field lines in the longer plasmoid. This may result in efficient plasma mixing. 3) The thermodynamic asymmetry and magnetic shear drastically decrease the reconnection rate in many orders of magnitude.
Competition of alliances in a cyclically dominant eight-species population
Creators: name: Park, Junpyo
name: Chen, Xiaojie
name: Szolnoki, Attila
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a diverse population, where many species are present, competitors can fight for surviving at individual and collective levels. In particular, species, which would beat each other individually, may form a specific alliance that ensures them stable coexistence against the invasion of an external species. Our principal goal is to identify those general features of a formation which determine its vitality. Therefore, we here study a traditional Lotka-Volterra model of eight-species where two four-species cycles can fight for space. Beside these formations, there are other solutions which may emerge when invasion rates are varied. The complete range of parameters is explored and we find that in most of the cases those alliances prevail which are formed by equally strong members. Interestingly, there are regions where the symmetry is broken and the system is dominated by a solution formed by seven species. Our work also highlights that serious finite-size effects may emerge which prevent observing the valid solution in a small system.
description: 10 double-column pages, 11 figures
Universal entanglement entropy in the ground state of biased bipartite systems
Creators: name: Shpielberg, Ohad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ground state entanglement entropy is studied in a many-body bipartite quantum system with either a single or multiple conserved quantities. It is shown that the entanglement entropy exhibits a universal power-law behaviour at large $R$ -- the occupancy ratio between the two subsystems. Single and multiple conserved quantities lead to different power-law exponents, suggesting the entanglement entropy can serve to detect hidden conserved quantities. Moreover, occupancy measurements allow to infer the bipartite entanglement entropy. All the above results are generalized for the Rényi entropy.
Combining visual rating scales to identify prodromal Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease dementia in a population from a low and middle-income country
Creators: name: Malaga, Marco
name: Chambergo-Michilot, Diego
name: Failoc-Rojas, Virgilio E.
name: Moron, Elizabeth
name: Lira, David
name: Montesinos, Rosa
name: Diaz, Monica M.
name: Vences, Miguel A.
name: Custodio, Nilton
name: Huilca, José Carlos
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Background Many low- and middle-income countries, including Latin America, lack access to biomarkers for the diagnosis of prodromal Alzheimer's Disease (AD; mild cognitive impairment due to AD) and AD dementia. MRI visual rating scales may serve as an ancillary diagnostic tool for identifying prodromal AD or AD in Latin America. We investigated the ability of brain MRI visual rating scales to distinguish between cognitively healthy controls, prodromal AD and AD. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from a multidisciplinary neurology clinic in Lima, Peru using neuropsychological assessments, brain MRI and cerebrospinal fluid amyloid and tau levels. Medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA), posterior atrophy (PA), white matter hyperintensity (WMH), and MTA+PA composite MRI scores were compared. Sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) were determined. Results Fifty-three patients with prodromal AD, 69 with AD, and 63 cognitively healthy elderly individuals were enrolled. The median age was 75 (8) and 42.7% were men. Neither sex, mean age, nor years of education were significantly different between groups. The MTA was higher in patients with AD (p < 0.0001) compared with prodromal AD and controls, and MTA scores adjusted by age range (p < 0.0001) and PA scores (p < 0.0001) were each significantly associated with AD diagnosis (p < 0.0001) but not the WMH score (p=0.426). The MTA had better performance among ages <75 years (AUC 0.90 [0.85–0.95]), while adjusted MTA+PA scores performed better among ages>75 years (AUC 0.85 [0.79–0.92]). For AD diagnosis, MTA+PA had the best performance (AUC 1.00) for all age groups. Conclusions Combining MTA and PA scores demonstrates greater discriminative ability to differentiate controls from prodromal AD and AD, highlighting the diagnostic value of visual rating scales in daily clinical practice, particularly in Latin America where access to advanced neuroimaging and CSF biomarkers is limited in the clinical setting.
Yangian Symmetry in Holographic Correlators
Creators: name: Rigatos, Konstantinos C.
name: Zhou, Xinan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We point out that an infinite class of Witten diagrams is invariant under a Yangian symmetry. These diagrams are building blocks of holographic correlators and are related by a web of differential recursion relations. We show that Yangian invariance is equivalent to the consistency conditions of the recursion relations.
description: 7 pages
On Effective Field Theories with Celestial Duals
Creators: name: Ren, Lecheng
name: Spradlin, Marcus
name: Srikant, Akshay Yelleshpur
name: Volovich, Anastasia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that associativity of the tree-level OPE in a celestial CFT imposes constraints on the coupling constants of the corresponding bulk theory. These constraints are the same as those derived in arXiv:2111.11356 from the Jacobi identity of the algebra of soft modes. The constrained theories are interesting as apparently well-defined celestial CFTs with a deformed $w_{1+\infty}$ symmetry algebra. We explicitly work out the ramifications of these constraints on scattering amplitudes involving gluons, gravitons and scalars in these theories. We find that all four-point amplitudes constructible solely from holomorphic or anti-holomorphic three-point amplitudes vanish on the support of these constraints, which implies that all purely holomorphic or purely anti-holomorphic higher-point amplitudes vanish.
description: 14 pages; v2, v3: minor corrections
Using meaning instead of words to track topics
Creators: name: Poumay, Judicael
name: Ittoo, Ashwin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The ability to monitor the evolution of topics over time is extremely valuable for businesses. Currently, all existing topic tracking methods use lexical information by matching word usage. However, no studies has ever experimented with the use of semantic information for tracking topics. Hence, we explore a novel semantic-based method using word embeddings. Our results show that a semantic-based approach to topic tracking is on par with the lexical approach but makes different mistakes. This suggest that both methods may complement each other.
Know Means Know: Using Radical Empathy to Define Consent in Digital Archiving
Creators: name: Sophie Hollis
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: As many archives increase digital access to their holdings, there is a need for a clear policy on how institutions can ethically include sexual materials in digital collections. These materials are vital to building inclusive collections, but they also deserve special consideration in balancing access with privacy. Such materials, particularly those with reference to sexual or gender-based violence, deserve a specific ethical framework because of their unique ability to cause continued harm to both subjects and users. This paper proposes the application of the radical empathy framework developed by Michelle Caswell and Marika Cifor (2016) to determine consent to digitize the materials and discusses some examples where this framework might apply.
Additional file 44 of Non-canonical two-step biosynthesis of anti-oomycete indole alkaloids in Kickxellales
Creators: name: Rassbach, Johannes
name: Hilsberg, Nathalie
name: Haensch, Veit G.
name: Dörner, Sebastian
name: Gressler, Julia
name: Sonnabend, Robin
name: Semm, Caroline
name: Voigt, Kerstin
name: Hertweck, Christian
name: Gressler, Markus
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Organic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 44: Table S5. Chromatographic Methods.
Drag of ballistic electrons by an ion beam
Creators: name: Gurevich, V. L.
name: Muradov, M. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Drag of electrons of 1D ballistic nanowire by a nearby 1D beam of ions is considered. We assume that the ion beam is represented by an ensemble of heavy ions of the same velocity $\bf V$. The ratio of the drag current to primary current carried by the ion beam is calculated. The drag current appears to be a nonmonotonic function of velocity $V$, it has maxima for $V$ near $v_{nF}/2$ where $n$ is the number of electron miniband (channel) and $v_{nF}$ is the corresponding Fermi velocity. This means that the ion beam drag can be applied for ballistic nanostructure spectroscopy.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures