Centroptilum volodymyri Martynov, Godunko and Palatov 2022, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Martynov, A. V.
name: Palatov, D. M.
name: Gattolliat, J. - L.
name: Bojková, J.
name: Godunko, R. J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Ephemeroptera
Baetidae
Centroptilum
Centroptilum volodymyri

description: <i>Centroptilum volodymyri</i> Martynov, Godunko and Palatov, sp. nov. (Tables I –III; Figures 1, 2, 3 (a,c,e), 4 (a–e), 5, 6 (a,c,e), 7 (a,c,e,g), 8, 9 (a,c,e,g), 10, 11 (a,c,e), 12(a,c,e,g)) http://www.zoobank.org/urn: lsid:zoobank.org: a c t: 1 D 2 B 7 5 5 7 - 0 D E C - 4 A C D - 8 C A 3 - A6B50FCC4A51 <i>Centroptilum</i> sp.: Martynov et al. 2016: 170 [distribution in Georgia (Kintrishi River valley), with remark on belonging to undescribed new species] <i>Centroptilum</i> sp.: Bojková et al. 2018: 91, 96, tables 1, 2 [distribution in Iran within Zayanderud (based on Mahboobi Soofiani et al. 2012) and Gilan (two localities listed also in present contribution) provinces] ? <i>Centroptilum</i> sp.: Mahboobi Soofiani et al. 2012: 137 [Zayandeh-Roud River in the Zayanderud Province; this record should be verified] Diagnosis [<i>based on larvae</i>]. Larvae of <i>C. volodymyri</i> sp. nov. can be distinguished from the two other Western Palearctic representatives of the genus <i>Centroptilum</i>, namely <i>C. luteolum</i> and <i>C. pirinense</i>, by a combination of the following diagnostic characters: <b>(1)</b> the cuticle with flattened, stretched shallow triangular and semilunar-shaped corrugations, and relatively numerous scales and their bases covering the body surface; <b>(2)</b> labrum expanded laterally, with the U-shaped incurvation on the anterior margin; <b>(3)</b> apically rounded shape of the segment III of maxillary palps; <b>(4)</b> apically rounded shape of superlinguae of hypopharynx without a projection at the tip; <b>(5)</b> pretarsal claw with more than 60 small teeth in basal half of the claw, these teeth arranged into two rows; <b>(6)</b> the posterior margin of terga I– IV(V) with robust equilateral triangle-shaped spines scattered along the segment (equilateral spines sparse on terga (V) VI – X); <b>(7)</b> tergum VII near gill base with 3–4 relatively prominent posterolateral spines and sometimes several small spines; <b>(8)</b> gills II–VII with distinctly concave posterior margin. Description. Based on specimens from the type locality only. <i>Mature larva.</i> Body length 9.5–10.2 mm (male larvae slightly smaller than female larvae), length of cerci 5.5–5.8 mm (approx. 0.5× body length); length of paracercus 3.0– 3.3 mm. General body colouration intensively brown/dark brown and blackish; base of fore wing pads, lateral and ventral side of meso- and metathorax darker, yellow to brownish black and black. Abdominal segments paler than thorax; legs and cerci lightest (Figure 1). <i>Head</i>. Colour yellowish brown to light brown, with markedly darker area between ocelli, diffused light brown maculation on frons and vertex; clypeus and genae slightly darker, brown. Larval compound eyes brown. Antennae unicolor, light brown, distinctly longer than head and thorax. Frontal suture V-shaped. Head cuticle flattened, without pronounced corrugation. Surface of two first antennal segments and frons covered with sparse <i>B</i> and <i>Hr</i> setae (Figure 3 (a,c,e)); clypeus additionally with two groups of long setae grouped on both sides of body axis. Labrum expanded laterally, approximately 1.8– 2.0× broader than long; median notch flattened; anterior margin concave, with U-shaped median incurvation relatively deep; anterior margin laterally from medial notch relatively symmetrically rounded. Dorsal surface of labrum covered with dense long and short <i>Hr</i> not grouped in rows and sparse <i>B</i> (Figures 4 (a) and 5(b)); ventral surface with row of submarginal short setae (Figure 5 (a)). Superlinguae of hypopharynx rounded apically, without any projections (Figure 5 (c)). Mandible incisors clearly divided into two groups, deeply separated throughout their length. Left mandibular incisor groups terminated by 4 + 2 stout denticles; left prostheca terminated by a group of slender setae (2–3 setae larger than other ones). Right mandibular incisor groups terminated by 3 + 2 stout denticles; right prostheca is stick-like (Figure 4 (c,d)). Maxillae with long slender canines and dentisetae; 1st dentiseta is simple, 2nd and 3rd dentisetae are bifid; dentisetae not pressed, and well separated from canines. Maxillary palps 3-segmented: segment I distinctly wider than segment II; segment III distinctly longer than segment II, rounded apically, without stout setae apically of surface; surface of maxillary palps covered with sparse <i>Hr</i> and <i>FT</i> (Figures 4 (b,e,f) and 5(f)). Labial palps 3-segmented. Segment III distinctly expanding apically, nearly trapezoidal with rounded outer angles; inner margin distinctly concave apically; posterolateral and posteromedian corners of different shape; stout setae along of apical margin and numerous <i>Hr</i> scattered on surface. Segment II distinctly wider than base of segment III; ventral side of segments I and II with scattered <i>Hr</i>; dorsal side of segment II with 6–10 elongated setae near to apicointernal margin (Figure 5 (g,f)). Glossae nearly as broad as paraglossae (Figure 5 (d,e)). Paraglossae slightly longer; dorsal surface with single row of elongated stout setae along inner margin; ventral surface with fine long setae scattered over entire surface (apical setae shorter). Glossae with irregular row of submarginal short stout setae along outer and inner margins; denser setation shaped by fine long setae on dorsal side. Basal part of glossae and paraglossae with numerous fine long setae. <i>Thorax</i>. Pronotum narrow, approximately 3.0– 3.5× longer than broad. Pronotum with two yellowish to light brown maculae centrally; two spreading maculae of same colour on darker background laterally [yellow to yellowish brown, with occasional dirty yellow diffuse spots laterally in specimens from Iran]. Mesonotum with elongated brown strips on light brown background; coxae intensively brown to black brown [slightly paler in specimens from Iran]. Metanotum with spreading yellowish spot centrally, yellowish brown to dark brown laterally. Thoracic pleura slightly darker than terga (Figure 1 (a,b)). Hind wing pads well developed. Thoraxal cuticle formed by flattened, stretched shallow triangular and semilunar-shaped corrugations. Surface of pronotum covered with <i>Hr, B</i>, micropores [<i>chloride cells</i>], sparse <i>SC-et</i> [6–8 μm in length] and <i>SCS-et</i> (Figure 6 (a)). Legs relatively pale, whitish yellow to dirty brown [paler in specimens from Iran]; all leg segments slightly darker distally (Figure 1 (a,b)). Legs slender; femora parallel-sided; patella-tibial suture developed on all legs (Figure 8 (a–c)). Fore leg coxae pale, whitish yellow to intensively brown; coxae of middle and hind legs darker, intensively brown to dark brown. Trochanters with diffused brownish spot. Brownish elongated diffused macula along outer margin of all femora; tibiae yellowish to light brown; tarsi of the same colour as tibiae, occasionally slightly darker distally; claws yellowish brown. Cuticle of the legs formed by flattened equilateral triangle- and semilunar-shaped corrugations. Surface of femora with <i>SC-et, SCS-et, Hr, B</i> setae; the same types of scales and setae, with dominance of <i>SCS-et</i> distributed of surface of tibiae and tarsi (Figure 6 (c,e)). Numerous short, stout, pointed setae along outer margin of femora; numerous longer pointed setae along inner margin of tibiae and tarsi; outer margin of tibiae and tarsi covered with <i>Hr</i> and occasional <i>B</i> setae. Pretarsal claw length less than or equal to 1/2 of tarsus length (Figure 8 (a–c)); more than 60 small teeth arranged into two rows distributed in basal half to 2/3 of claw length (Figure 7 (a,c)). <i>Abdomen</i>. Terga dark, yellowish brown to intensively brown (Figure 1 (a,b)); terga I with two broad spots centrally, and two smaller spots anterolaterally. Terga II–V with uniform colour pattern, viz. a small pale spot centrally near anterior margin of segment; large brownish diffused spot centrally, with paler maculae near posterior margin of segment; additionally, yellowish-brown to light brown elongated strips surrounding pale maculae. Tergum VI darkest, with colour pattern similar to those on previous segments, except of more diffused light spot anteriorly, and presence of two pale dots and two oblique strokes centrally. Terga VII–VIII with colour pattern similar to those on terga II–V (occasionally without small pale spot anteriorly), or uniformly light brown. Tergum IX uniformly light brown to brown without conspicuous pattern. Tergum X pale, yellow to light brown, with light transversal macula anteriorly, two unclear maculae centrally near anterior margin of segment and two brown small spots laterally. Anterolateral area of terga I–IX pale, yellowish brown. Abdominal sterna predominantly uniformly coloured, whitish yellow to light brown, without distinct pattern. Occasionally sterna with contrasting pattern: sternum I whitish yellow, with dark brown spots anterolaterally; sterna II–V (VI) with diffused triangular brownish spot on yellowish background; sterna VII–VIII darker than previous segments, light brown to brown, with longitudinal pale band and two yellowish spots centrally; sterna VIII– IX darkest, intensively brown, with diffused paler maculation centrally and laterally; sternum X slightly paler than two previous segments, light brown. Surface of terga with cuticle formed by flattened equilateral triangle- and semilunar-shaped corrugations; terga I–IV covered with micropores, <i>Hr</i> and <i>B</i>, dominant <i>SC-et</i> and more sparse <i>SCS-et</i>; terga V–X with the same type of micropores, <i>Hr</i> and <i>B</i>, sparse <i>SC-et</i> and dominant <i>SCS-et</i> (Figure 9 (a,c,e,g)). Posterior margin of terga I– IV (V) with robust equilateral triangle-shaped spines, alternating with sparse shorter ones and <i>B</i> setae; posterior margin of terga VI–X (occasionally tergum V) with thin and robust isosceles and equilateral triangle-shaped spines, alternating with shorter ones and sparse <i>B</i> setae. Tergum VII near gill bases with 3–4 relatively prominent posterolateral spines, and sometimes with several additional small spines; terga VIII–IX with 2–4 relatively prominent posterolateral spines, and sometimes with several additional small spines (Figure 10 (h)). Cuticle of sterna shaped by flattened undulating corrugations covered with micropores, elongated <i>Hr</i> and <i>B</i> setae, sparse <i>SC-et</i> and dominant <i>SCS-et</i> (Figure 7 (e,g)). Posterior margin of sterna with robust equilateral triangle-shaped spines alternating with occasional short <i>B</i> setae. Gills whitish yellow, with well visible tracheisation, light brown to intensively brown coloured. All gills asymmetrical, rounded apically; gill I distinctly sinuous, narrow, lanceolate; gills II–VII with posterior margin distinctly concave (Figure 10 (a–g)). Paraproct plate with 13–15 pointed strong teeth along inner margin; ventral surface of paraproct plate covered with leaf-shaped <i>SC</i> and their <i>SCS</i> grouped mainly centrally, elongated <i>Hr</i> and <i>B</i> setae (Figures 10 (i) and 11(a,c)). Cerci and paracercus slightly paler than body, light brown, without coloured rings. Posterior margin of caudal filament segments with combination of robust marginal spines, occasional <i>Hr</i> and <i>B</i> setae; submarginal area with solitary <i>SC-et</i> (Figure 11 (e)). Cerci (inner margin) and paracercus (both margins) up to the apex bear well-developed primary swimming setae, except last one or two segments. Outer margin of cerci with relatively short <i>Hr</i> and <i>B</i> setae. <i>Egg (taken from larva).</i> Oval; 130–140 µm long, 65–70 µm wide. Chorionic surface shaped by thin, flat reticulated ridges forming irregular polygonal mesh; cells (2.5–4.2 µm in diameter) of this mesh mostly with rounded margins; no knob-terminated coiled thread inside of chorionic cells (Figure 12 (a,c,e,g)). One, occasionally two oval micropyles in equatorial area, 5.5–5.8 µm long and 4.8–5.0 µm wide; no micropylar rim surrounding micropyle. Imago and subimago. Unknown. (<i>Continued</i>) (<i>Continued</i>) (<i>Continued</i>) Notes: [1] Based on Ikonomov (1962) and Bauernfeind and Soldán (2012). [2] Character tested by Bauernfeind and Soldán (2012: 180). [3] Character tested by Kluge and Novikova 1992a: 63). [4] For <i>C. pirinense</i>, figures by Ikonomov (1962: 115, fig. 25.1), in the original description the shape the of labrum and setation are described as follows: the labrum is almost twice wider than long; lateral side of the labrum with sharp setae that look like a feather; two long sharp setae apically, and 3–4 smaller pointed setae more medially [ventral side]; setae evenly scattered over the entire surface [dorsal side]. [5] For <i>C. luteolum</i>, figured by Kluge and Novikova 1992: 63, fig. 2.1); for <i>C. pirinense</i>, figured by Ikonomov (1962: 117, fig. 27.1). [6] For <i>C. pirinense</i>, described and figured in detail by Ikonomov (1962: 114, 115, figs 25.3–7). [7] Apicomedial projection in the middle of anterior margin was considered a generic character of <i>Centroptilum</i> by Bauernfeind and Soldán (2012: 178); character also figured for some <i>Indocloeon</i> (Kaltenbach and Gattolliat 2017: 52, fig. 4d). [8] For <i>C. luteolum</i>, figured by Kluge and Novikova 1992: 63, fig. 2.4); for <i>C. pirinense</i>, figured by Ikonomov (1962: 115, figs 25.8, 25.9). [9] For <i>C. pirinense</i>, described and figured in detail by Ikonomov (1962: 114, fig. 24). [10] According to Bauernfeind and Soldán (2012: 181), claws as long as 2/3 of tarsus length; Ikonomov (1962: 116, figs 26.9–12) figured the legs with claws as long as about 1/2–2/3 of tarsus length. [11] For <i>C. pirinense</i>, the fragmentary cuticle structure figured by Ikonomov (1962: 116, fig. 26.14) and most likely close to that in <i>C. luteolum; C. volodymyri</i> sp. nov. similar to <i>Anafroptilum kazlauskasi</i> (Kluge, 1983) in the presence of transparent scale-shaped bristles on abdominal terga of larvae (Kluge 2012: 373, fig. 43), in contrast to <i>C. luteolum</i> which lacks stout setae or scales on surface of terga. [12] For <i>C. pirinense</i>, briefly described and fragmentary figured by Ikonomov (1962: 116, 117, fig. 26.14); the structure most likely close to that in <i>C. luteolum</i>. [13] Keffermüller and Sowa (1984: 310) reported a lack of posterolateral spines on abdominal terga of <i>C. luteolum</i>. McCafferty and Waltz (1990: 784) listed for several Nearctic larvae the presence of posterolateral spines on abdominal terga VIII–IX, as an exception in comparison with all other species of the genus. However, later, Kluge and Novikova 1992: 69, fig. 5.1) clarified this information, and reported small posterolateral spines in <i>C. luteolum</i>, typical also for the species of the genus <i>Cloeon</i> s.l. According to Bauernfeind and Soldán (2012), posterolateral part of tergum IX in <i>C. luteolum</i> occasionally with a group of 3–6 small and rather insignificant spines. [14] For <i>C. pirinense</i>, based on fig. 26.13 in Ikonomov (1962). [15] Using scanning microscopy, the chorion surface of the egg was depicted for the first time by Jacob (1991: 284, fig. 9b). Ubero-Pascal and Puig (2007: 332, fig. 4a) and Ubero-Pascal et al. (2005: 266, 268, figs 2b, 4c) depicted a general view of eggs and their chorionic surface. Distinguishing characters of <i>C. volodymyri</i> sp. nov. discussed in the Table II have been analysed based on type material only. Some differences of body colouration between Caucasian and Iranian specimens of <i>C. volodymyri</i> sp. nov. are discussed in the text. <i>Type material</i> <i>Holotype.</i> Female mature larva, GEORGIA, Autonomous Republic of Adjara, Kobuleti District, vicinity of Chakhati village, valley of the Kintrishi River, small lentic water bodies, 41.762°N, 41.978° E, <i>′</i> 325 m a.s.l., 18 April 2016, Martynov A. V. leg. (inventory number in NMNH NASU collection: <i>Grg24Censp/1</i>). <i>Paratypes.</i> Six larvae, GEORGIA, same locality and date as holotype (three larvae in slides 648, 661, 662; one larva in ethanol deposited in NMNH NASU with inventory number <i>Grg24Censp/2</i>); 49 larvae, TURKEY, Rize il [Province], F&amp;imath;nd&amp;imath;kl&amp;imath; Region, KaÇkar Mountains, Büyük [Ça&amp;gbreve;layan] stream, 41.236°N, 41.270°E, 337 m a.s.l., 18 August 2012, Palatov D. M. leg.; <i>Non-type material.</i> 10 larvae, IRAN Guilan Province, unnamed small brook (left tributary of Shalmanrud River), SW of Amlash town, 37.046°N, 50.095°E, 185 m a.s.l., 21 May 2016, Bojková J., Soldán T., Imanpour Namin J. leg.; One larva, IRAN, ibid., SW of Amlash town, 37.037°N, 50.083°E, 287 m a.s.l., 21 May 2016, Bojková J., Soldán T., Imanpour Namin J., leg.; 22 larvae, IRAN, Golestan Province, unnamed small brook (right tributary of Rude-Tengen River), S of Qarangi-ye Jangal town, 37.529°N, 55.792°E, 604 m a.s.l., 23 June 2019, Palatov D. M. leg. <i>Etymology</i> The species is named in honour of Volodymyr Martynov, senior son of the first author, for his field assistance in mayfly sampling during a series of field trips. <i>Distribution and habitat</i> In Georgia, the larvae of <i>C. volodymyri</i> sp. nov. were collected in small pools, where small brooks flowed in, in the valley of the Kintrishi River at 325 m a.s.l. (Figure 13 (a,b)). They were shaded by the ancient colchic forests (chestnut, hornbeam and box trees). Pools were about 0.3 m deep, with bed substrate composed of silt and detritus, without macrophytes. No other mayflies were found there. In Iran, the larvae were collected in two small brooks (1–3 m wide) flowing in steep terrain below 300 m a.s.l. on the northern slopes of the Alborz Mts., close to the Caspian Sea coastal area in Guilan Province (Figures 13 (c,d) and 14). They were shaded by humid deciduous forest and shallow, with an average depth of 0.05–0.15 m (max. 0.3 m in pools). They were characterised by alternating riffles and pools, where <i>Centroptilum</i> larvae were collected. Coarse bed substratum in riffles alternated with finer substrates formed by coarse and fine gravel in pools. Bedrock and boulders were sparsely covered with mosses. Water was relatively cold (16° C) and clear, although one brook was slightly turbid. The mayfly taxocene consisted of the following species: <i>C. luteolum</i> (dominant), <i>Baetis</i> (<i>Rhodobaetis</i>) cf. <i>gadeai</i> Thomas, 1999, <i>Nigrobaetis</i> (<i>Alainites</i>) <i>muticus</i> (Linnaeus, 1758) (all Baetidae), <i>Electrogena pseudaffinis</i> (Braasch, 1980) (Heptageniidae), and <i>Caenis macrura</i> Stephens, 1835 (Caenidae). In Turkey, larvae were collected in a small stream (1.5–2.5 m width; 0.1–0.2 m depth) flowing in the forest at 337 m a.s.l. (Figure 13 (e,f)). Its bed substrate was composed of pebbles, detritus and silted stones and the flow velocity was 0.3–0.6 m.s −1. The mayfly taxocene con
description: Published as part of <i>Martynov, A. V., Palatov, D. M., Gattolliat, J. - L., Bojková, J. &amp; Godunko, R. J., 2022, A remarkable finding of Centroptilum Eaton, 1869 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) in Georgia, Turkey and Iran: one new species evidenced by morphology and DNA, pp. 826-855 in The European Zoological Journal 89 (1)</i> on pages 830-851, DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2022.2090625, http://zenodo.org/record/7741484
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