cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Explainable AI using expressive Boolean formulas
Creators: name: Rosenberg, Gili
name: Brubaker, J. Kyle
name: Schuetz, Martin J. A.
name: Salton, Grant
name: Zhu, Zhihuai
name: Zhu, Elton Yechao
name: Kadıoğlu, Serdar
name: Borujeni, Sima E.
name: Katzgraber, Helmut G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose and implement an interpretable machine learning classification model for Explainable AI (XAI) based on expressive Boolean formulas. Potential applications include credit scoring and diagnosis of medical conditions. The Boolean formula defines a rule with tunable complexity (or interpretability), according to which input data are classified. Such a formula can include any operator that can be applied to one or more Boolean variables, thus providing higher expressivity compared to more rigid rule-based and tree-based approaches. The classifier is trained using native local optimization techniques, efficiently searching the space of feasible formulas. Shallow rules can be determined by fast Integer Linear Programming (ILP) or Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) solvers, potentially powered by special purpose hardware or quantum devices. We combine the expressivity and efficiency of the native local optimizer with the fast operation of these devices by executing non-local moves that optimize over subtrees of the full Boolean formula. We provide extensive numerical benchmarking results featuring several baselines on well-known public datasets. Based on the results, we find that the native local rule classifier is generally competitive with the other classifiers. The addition of non-local moves achieves similar results with fewer iterations, and therefore using specialized or quantum hardware could lead to a speedup by fast proposal of non-local moves.
description: 28 pages, 16 figures, 4 tables
Introduction of biogenic carbon into sustainable aviation fuels: applying aldol condensation and selective hydrodeoxygenation technologies to oxygenated bio-intermediates.
Creators: name: Smith, Ben
name: Casson, Annika
name: Scalzullo, Stefania
name: Baucherel, Xavier
name: Dussan, Karla
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Presented at the symposium "Trends and technology needs for biobased fuels and chemicals", organised by EH H2020 HIGFLY project, Eindhoven, Netherlands, 20 September 2024
Thomson scattering: One rate to rule them all
Creators: name: Greene, Kylar
name: Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The enduring tension between local and distant measurements of $H_0$ remains unresolved. It was recently pointed out that cosmic microwave background (CMB) and large-scale structure (LSS) observables are invariant under a uniform rescaling of the gravitational free-fall rates of all species present and the Thomson scattering rate between photons and electrons. We show that a unique variation of the fine-structure constant $α$ and the electron mass $m_{\rm e}$ can leverage this scaling transformation to reconcile the CMB and LSS data with a broad spectrum of Hubble constant values, encompassing those inferred from local measurements. Importantly, this study demonstrates that the constraints on the variation of fundamental constants imposed by the specific recombination history are not as stringent as previously assumed. Our work highlights the critical role of the Thomson scattering rate in the existing Hubble tension and offers a distinct avenue of exploration for particle model builders.
description: 20 pages + references, 6 figures, comments welcome!
Symmetry Reduction by Lifting for Maps
Creators: name: Dullin, H. R.
name: Lomeli, H. E.
name: Meiss, J. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 37C80

description: We study diffeomorphisms that have one-parameter families of continuous symmetries. For general maps, in contrast to the symplectic case, existence of a symmetry no longer implies existence of an invariant. Conversely, a map with an invariant need not have a symmetry. We show that when a symmetry flow has a global Poincaré section there are coordinates in which the map takes a reduced, skew-product form, and hence allows for reduction of dimensionality. We show that the reduction of a volume-preserving map again is volume preserving. Finally we sharpen the Noether theorem for symplectic maps. A number of illustrative examples are discussed and the method is compared with traditional reduction techniques.
description: laTeX, 31 pages, 5 figures
Birkhoff Theorem for Berwald Finsler spacetimes
Creators: name: Voicu, Nicoleta
name: Pfeifer, Christian
name: Cheraghchi, Samira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Finsler spacetime geometry is a canonical extension of Riemannian spacetime geometry. It is based on a general length measure for curves (which does not necessarily arise from a spacetime metric) and it is used as an effective description of spacetime in quantum gravity phenomenology as well as in extensions of general relativity aiming to provide a geometric explanation of dark energy. A particular interesting subclass of Finsler spacetimes are those of Berwald type, for which the geometry is defined in terms of a canonical affine connection that uniquely generalizes the Levi-Civita connection of a spacetime metric. In this sense, Berwald Finsler spacetimes are Finsler spacetimes closest to pseudo-Riemannian ones. We prove that all Ricci-flat, spatially spherically symmetric Berwald spacetime structures are either pseudo-Riemannian (Lorentzian), or flat. This insight enables us to generalize the Jebsen-Birkhoff theorem to Berwald spacetimes.
description: 13 pages, no figures
Tractability of Multi-Parametric Euler and Wiener Integrated Processes
Creators: name: Lifshits, M. A.
name: Papageorgiou, A.
name: Woźniakowski, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65Y20 (Primary) 41A25, 41A63, 60G15, 60G60 (Secondary)

description: We study average case approximation of Euler and Wiener integrated processes of d variables which are almost surely r_k-times continuously differentiable with respect to the k-th variable. Let n(h,d) denote the minimal number of continuous linear functionals which is needed to find an algorithm that uses n such functionals and whose average case error improves the average case error of the zero algorithm by a factor h. Strong polynomial tractability means that there are nonnegative numbers C and p such that n(h,d)< C h^{-p} for all d and 0 1/(2\ln 3), whereas it holds for the Wiener case iff liminf r_k/k^s > 0 for some s>1/2. Other types of tractability are also studied.
Point-of-Purchase Advertising and Factors Influencing Use in Supermarkets
Creators: name: Frye, Robert E.
name: Leiman, Martin
name: Frye, Robert E.
name: Leiman, Martin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1965
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Excerpt from the report Preface: This report analyzes the use of point-of-purchase materials in retail food stores. It combines results from observations of promotional materials actually in use with factors influencing their acceptance by store managers, headquarters officials, and food wholesalers. It is intended as a guide for food processors, distributors, and agricultural commodity groups to assist them in providing more effective promotional material to maintain and expand markets. The study is part of a program of marketing research carried out by the Economic Research Service to evaluate and improve merchandising and promotional practices for farm products.
Efectos De La Radiación Electromagnética En Espermatozoides
Creators: name: Ullmann, Damian Matías
name: Pontiz Goldsack, Bruno
name: Quero, José
name: Antonio, Eduardo
name: De Blas, Gerardo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Actualmente se sabe que la radiación electromagnética está representada por un infinito espectro de frecuencias y longitudes de onda como parámetros fundamentales de este fenómeno, y que a usanza de la especie humana se han establecido rangos de dicho espectro, dándole nacimiento a como lo conocemos hoy, definido por distintos tipos de radiación, desde la radiación gamma a la radiación de ondas de radio largas, pasando por los rayos UV, la luz visible al ojo humano y las microondas. Podemos definir desde la concepción del fenómeno de la radiación electromagnética, el límite en el espectro que determina un antes y un después en el entendimiento y uso de dicha radiación como herramienta para nuestras vidas, límite que recae en la capacidad de ionización del tipo de radiación. Desde aquí, se hablará de las radiaciones no ionizantes que son aquellas que pueden tener la capacidad para excitar un átomo, pero no la de producir ionización, y por otro lado las radiaciones ionizantes que tienen la propiedad fundamental para producir la ionización de la materia. En este trabajo de fin de grado, nos centraremos en los efectos que produce la radiación electromagnética no ionizante en células vivas, particularmente la que generan los teléfonos celulares. Estudiaremos las frecuencias más altas comprendidas entre 9 a 10 GHz las cuales corresponden al estándar de la próxima generación de comunicaciones celulares, con transmisión directa. Por otro lado, las células vivas elegidas para este trabajo final son espermatozoides maduros humanos, a los cuales expondremos directamente a la radiación durante intervalos variables de tiempo hasta 60 minutos. Una vez se diseñe y fabrique un dispositivo de radiación electromagnética de estas características, se lo implementará para irradiar a las células y finalmente poder concluir la investigación analizando si la radiación afectó o no a la motilidad de los espermatozoides.
Cellular and Network Substrates of Neuronal Excitability in Relation to Epileptic Seizures
Creators: name: Khosravani, Houman
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2007

description: Bibliography: p. 166-208
description: Brain function is, in part, maintained by an appropriate balance between excitatory and inhibitory elements. In relation to excitability, factors such as the complement and distribution of ion channels, properties and composition of synaptic proteins, and dynamics affecting network synchrony all interact to modulate neuronal firing and network activity. In this dissertation, I present a series of three focused studies at the level of ion channels (T-type calcium channels), synaptic transmission (prion protein), and network activity (high frequency oscillations) that affect neuronal excitability. With regards to Cav3.2 T-type voltage-gated calcium channels, I demonstrate that novel missense mutations, as identified in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsies, can result in alteration of channel biophysical properties. The majority of mutants altered gating properties consistent with greater channel activity. However, most of these biophysical alterations were not large in magnitude suggesting that the role of these channels in relation to other cellular processes may be affected. At the level of synapses, I describe a novel interaction/modulation of NMDA receptor currents by the endogenous prion protein (PrP). Using PrP-null mice, I show that loss of PrP results in enhanced synaptic NMDA currents with greater amplitude and prolonged deactivation kinetics. These changes do not seem to be related to developmental effects and possibly involve an NMDA receptor subunit switch to functional receptors containing NR2D. At the network level, I show that high frequency oscillations in field recordings in vitro and in the EEG from patients with epilepsy are localized to the seizure onset zone and increase over time during the immediate pre-seizure period. This knowledge can be used to better localized seizures for surgical resection, thereby improving seizure control in intractable patients. These three topics and their relevance to hyperexcitable states are discussed in the context of epileptiform seizure activity and neurological disease.
Superconducting stripes in the hole-doped three-band Hubbard model
Creators: name: Ponsioen, Boris
name: Chung, Sangwoo S.
name: Corboz, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the ground state properties of the hole-doped three-band Hubbard (Emery) model, describing the copper-oxygen planes of the cuprates, using large-scale 2D tensor network calculations. Our simulations reveal a period 4 stripe state with spin and weak charge order over an extended doping range beyond $δ\sim0.12$ and stripes with larger periods at smaller doping. The period 4 stripe exhibits coexisting $d$-wave superconductivity in the doping range $0.15 \lesssim δ< 0.25$, while at smaller doping around $δ\sim 1/8$ we find a strong competition between superconducting and non-superconducting stripes, including also pair density-wave states with alternating sign structure on neighboring stripes, suggesting that the fate of superconductivity around 1/8 doping may be sensitive on the model parameters.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures
A Josephson junction defect spectrometer for measuring two-level systems
Creators: name: Stoutimore, M. J. A.
name: Khalil, M. S.
name: Lobb, C. J.
name: Osborn, K. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have fabricated and measured Josephson junction defect spectrometers (JJDSs), which are frequency-tunable, nearly-harmonic oscillators that probe strongly-coupled two-level systems (TLSs) in the barrier of a Josephson junction (JJ). The JJDSs accommodate a wide range of junction inductances, $L_{J}$, while maintaining a resonance frequency, $f_{0}$, in the range of 4-8 GHz. By applying a magnetic flux bias to tune $f_{0}$, we detect strongly-coupled TLSs in the junction barrier as splittings in the device spectrum. JJDSs fabricated with a via-style Al/thermal AlOx/Al junction and measured at 30 mK with single-photon excitation levels show a density of TLSs in the range $σ_{TLS}h = 0.4-0.5 /GHz μm^2$, and a junction loss tangent of $\tan δ_{J} = 2.9x10^{-3}$.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Natural history of balance confidence : its significance and relationship with social participation in inidividuals with stroke
Creators: name: Yiu, Jeanne Yeung Chun
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Background: Balance confidence may be an important factor affecting the recovery and rehabilitation of individuals with stroke. Little is known about how balance confidence changes over time and whether a relationship exists between balance confidence and critical outcomes such as social participation in individuals with stroke. No study has investigated the influence of balance confidence on social participation while controlling for important covariates. If balance confidence is an important predictor of social participation, treating reduced balance confidence may enhance an individual’s social participation. Purpose: 1) To compare how balance confidence changed over 1 year in individuals with stroke and controls 2) To determine if stroke status was an important predictor of balance confidence and explore stroke specific factors affecting balance confidence 3) To compare how social participation changed over 1 year in individuals with stroke and controls 4) To determine if balance confidence was an important predictor of social participation Methods: In this longitudinal study, 98 individuals with stroke and 98 age- and sex-matched controls were evaluated at baseline (discharge from in-patient rehabilitation for stroke subjects) 3, 6 and 12 months post baseline. Subjects were recruited from 5 communities in British Columbia. Multilevel modeling and multiple regression analyses were used to answer our research questions. Results: Balance confidence scores improved slightly over 1 year in individuals with stroke however while the change was statistically important it was not considered clinically meaningful. Balance confidence remained significantly lower in these individuals compared to controls (p<0.001). Stroke status was the most important predictor of balance confidence even after controlling for covariates (p<0.001) and stoke status interacted with symptoms of depression and walking capacity when predicting balance confidence. The level of social participation did not change over 1 year in either group but it was statistically lower in individuals with stroke (p<0.001). Balance confidence interacted with balance performance (p=0.023) in predicting social participation. Conclusions: Reduced balance confidence is a persistent and serious problem in individuals with stroke. Having better balance confidence may enhance an individual’s social participation. Clinicians working in stroke rehabilitation should incorporate assessment and treatment for reduced balance confidence into their rehabilitation regime.
Cybersecurity in Software Supply Chain And the role of SLTT Governance
Creators: name: Garrett, Anrè
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Cybersecurity
Software Supply Chain
Vulnerabilities

description: With rapidly expanding technologies and the explosive growth of IoT devices, the role of software in supply chains has increased tenfold over the past decade. Various reports have identified the vulnerabilities and threats to software supply chains, which mostly point to open-source software, issues of integrity, exploitation of the software supply chain process, and third- party risks. However, research needs to be more extensive when examining software supply chains with their many dependencies and the role of SLTT governance in mitigating risk. This study used qualitative research to collect data to analyze common trends, themes, gaps, and opportunities. In over 11 hours of interviews with participants from various software supply chain fields, the study examines vulnerabilities, threats, and challenges facing those responsible for software supply chains today. Commonalities identified include addressing weaknesses in human capital, processes, and SLTT governance, as well as limitations in funding and today's security architecture.
Onboarding Citizens to Digital Identity Systems
Creators: name: Spiliotopoulos, Tasos
name: Sheik, Al Tariq
name: Gottardello, Debora
name: Dover, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.5.3

description: Digital Identity (DI) technologies have the potential to enhance the quality of life of citizens through the provision of seamless services, improve the effectiveness of public services, and increase overall economic competitiveness. However, lack of access to DIs can limit these benefits, while unequal access can lead to uneven distribution of these benefits across social groups and escalate existing tensions. Accessible, user-friendly and efficient onboarding can play a key role in ensuring equitable access and wide adoption of DI technologies. This paper proposes the development of physical locations (Experience Centres) that can be used for citizen onboarding to national DI systems, positively shaping citizens' first impression with the technology and, in turn, promoting adoption. To this end, we outline a multidisciplinary research approach for identifying and addressing the considerations necessary for designing, developing and operating a model Experience Centre for DI onboarding in an inclusive manner.
description: Accepted Author Manuscript to appear at the International Conference on AI and the Digital Economy, CADE 2023
Birthday letters: annotations and commentary
Creators: name: Kilfoil, Kara
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2010

description: Bibliography: p. 329-342
description: Some pages are in colour.
description: This dissertation annotates selected poems from Ted Hughes's (in)famous final collection, Birthday Letters. The biographical, historical and critical research assembled here aims to facilitate a reader's appreciation of these provocative poems concerning Hughes's contentious relationship with his late wife, the American poet Sylvia Plath. This project is a complex exercise in intertextuality: drawing on various sources - texts, diagrams and photographs, interviews and emails - it situates and explicates Hughes's poems. In so doing, it serves both as a practical guide for reading Birthday Letters and as a sustained scholarly engagement with Hughes's attempt to explore the complexities of memory and truth through the lens of poetic and narrative art.
The maximal energy of classes of integral circulant graphs
Creators: name: Sander, Jürgen W.
name: Sander, Torsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C50, 15A18

description: The energy of a graph is the sum of the moduli of the eigenvalues of its adjacency matrix. We study the energy of integral circulant graphs, also called gcd graphs, which can be characterized by their vertex count $n$ and a set $\cal D$ of divisors of $n$ in such a way that they have vertex set $\mathbb{Z}_n$ and edge set ${{a,b}: a,b\in\mathbb{Z}_n, \gcd(a-b,n)\in {\cal D}}$. For a fixed prime power $n=p^s$ and a fixed divisor set size $|{\cal D}| =r$, we analyze the maximal energy among all matching integral circulant graphs. Let $p^{a_1} < p^{a_2} < ... < p^{a_r}$ be the elements of ${\cal D}$. It turns out that the differences $d_i=a_{i+1}-a_{i}$ between the exponents of an energy maximal divisor set must satisfy certain balance conditions: (i) either all $d_i$ equal $q:=\frac{s-1}{r-1}$, or at most the two differences $[q]$ and $[q+1]$ may occur; %(for a certain $d$ depending on $r$ and $s$) (ii) there are rules governing the sequence $d_1,...,d_{r-1}$ of consecutive differences. For particular choices of $s$ and $r$ these conditions already guarantee maximal energy and its value can be computed explicitly.
description: Discrete Applied Mathematics (2012)
Virtual perfect absorption in resonant media and their PT-symmetric generalizations
Creators: name: Novitsky, Denis
name: Shalin, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Virtual perfect absorption (VPA) is an effect simulating real absorption of light by using excitation at a complex frequency corresponding to a scattering zero. We theoretically study VPA in resonantly absorbing and amplifying media irradiated by two counterpropagating waves with exponentially growing amplitudes. We show that VPA critically depends on the medium density (i.e., level of loss or gain) deteriorating in the high-density limit. In contrast, almost ideal VPA persists in the PT-symmetric loss-gain bilayer. For high enough gain, powerful quasilasing pulses are observed at later times symmetrically (single amplifying layer) or symmetrically (PT-symmetric structure) generated in both propagation directions.
description: 9 pages, 16 figures
Electron pockets and pseudogap Dirac point in underdoped cuprate superconductors
Creators: name: Fisher, K. A. G.
name: Nicol, E. J.
name: Carbotte, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a model of the pseudogap specifically designed to describe the underdoped cuprates and which exhibits particle-hole asymmetry. The presence of electron pockets, besides the usual hole pockets, leads to the appearance of new vectors beyond the usual so-called octet model in the joint density of states (JDOS), which underlies the analysis of Fourier-transform scanning tunneling spectroscopy (FT-STS) data. These new vectors are associated with distinct patterns of large amplitude in the JDOS and are expected to occur primarily at positive bias. Likewise a pseudogap Dirac point occurs at positive bias and this point can be determined either through FT-STS or through extrapolation of data from the autocorrelation function of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, published in EPL
Lie group analysis for multi-scale plasma dynamics
Creators: name: Kovalev, Vladimir F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An application of approximate transformation groups to study dynamics of a system with distinct time scales is discussed. The utilization of the Krylov-Bogoliubov-Mitropolsky method of averaging to find solutions of the Lie equations is considered. Physical illustrations from the plasma kinetic theory demonstrate the potentialities of the suggested approach. Several examples of invariant solutions for the system of the Vlasov-Maxwell equations for the two-component (electron-ion) plasma are presented.
description: Latex, 15 pages, 7 figure. This is an enlarged contribution to Journal of Nonlinear Mathematical Physics v.18, Suppl. 1 (2011) p.163-175 with modest stylistic corrections introduced mainly in the third Section
The Role of Next Generation Libraries in Enhancing Multidisciplinary Research
Creators: name: HIckerson, Tom
name: Lippincott, Joan
name: Ruddock, Kathryn
name: Sadler, Shawna
Publisher: name: Libraries and Cultural Resources
Year: 2016

description: How well are research libraries positioned to meet the needs of today’s multidisciplinary research? What are the common needs across disciplines conducting such research? These are the questions the University of Calgary Libraries and Cultural Resources sought to answer through focused discussions among researchers extending over three days in the fall of 2015. With funding from The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, we hosted workshops with researchers from three multidisciplinary research clusters of strategic priority to the University of Calgary – Arctic Studies, Smart Cities and Visual Analytics. External facilitators managed the various sessions and three disciplinary experts from other Canadian universities (Toronto, Carleton and Queens) contributed in broadening the scope of the inquiry. Library staff and representatives of the University’s Research Services Office acted principally as observers, but contributed as needed in identify existing research infrastructure capacities. In this project briefing, we will discuss the planning and conducting of these workshops, report on the common research support needs and themes, examine the implications for 21st century libraries in planning services and technologies and explore their role in the development of research platforms.
Development and modeling of a novel particle mixture for the core configuration of particulate wood composites
Creators: name: Sackey, Emmanuel Kuuku
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Particleboard (PB) is the most utilized reconstituted wood composite panel for furniture production. However, edge smoothness and screw withdrawal resistance (SWR) have been limiting factors in some of its applications. In view of mounting wood and resin costs, this study focused on benchmarking the mechanical properties of Canadian-made furniture grade Ready-To-Assemble MS and M2 particleboard. Of the five plants surveyed, over 80% of the 30 furniture grade particleboards tested were below the ANSI A208.1 standard for edge SWR of 900N. Particle geometry was examined by hydrolyzing samples from the commercial panels to disintegrate them into individual particles which were then characterized in terms of particle length, aspect ratio (AR), and slenderness ratio (SR). Based on maximum likelihood estimation a 2-parameter lognormal distribution function was found to be the best fit for particle length, AR, and SR followed by the 2-parameter Gamma distribution function. AR was found to be the best indicator of edge SWR. A novel particle mixture was formulated by repartitioning the core particles of commercial, as-received PB furnish into core-fine, medium, and coarse particles, which were then remixed in different proportions for the core furnish to fabricate low density panels: the IB strength was 40% higher than the control panels and the edge SWR 18% higher. A response surface model based on a mixture design was developed for macro-voids in the core of simulated particle mats and the macro-voids ratio in pressed panels was also found to increase exponentially with the void fraction in randomly packed loose particle mats. The study concluded that there are too many fine particulates and dust in the core of commercial PB. Increasing the amount of fines in the panel surface by decreasing fine and dust in the panel core through repartitioning the particles into fine, medium, and coarse has the potential of increasing surface smoothness, IB strength, SWR, and consequently reducing density and raw material cost. Keywords: aspect ratio, gamma distribution, lognormal distribution, mixture design, particle, particle distribution, particle mixture, particleboard, random packing, response surface methodology, slenderness ratio, X-ray CT.
Statistical features of systems driven by non-Gaussian processes: theory & practice
Creators: name: Lucente, Dario
name: Puglisi, Andrea
name: Viale, Massimiliano
name: Vulpiani, Angelo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nowadays many tools, e.g. fluctuation relations, are available to characterize the statistical properties of non-equilibrium systems. However, most of these tools rely on the assumption that the driving noise is normally distributed. Here we consider a class of Markov processes described by Langevin equations driven by a mixture of Gaussian and Poissonian noises, focusing on their non-equilibrium properties. In particular, we prove that detailed balance does not hold even when correlation functions are symmetric under time reversal. In such cases, a breakdown of the time reversal symmetry can be highlighted by considering higher order correlation functions. Furthermore, the entropy production may be different from zero even for vanishing currents. We provide analytical expressions for the average entropy production rate in several cases. We also introduce a scale dependent estimate for entropy production, suitable for inference from experimental signals. The empirical entropy production allows us to discuss the role of spatial and temporal resolutions in characterizing non-equilibrium features. Finally, we revisit the Brownian gyrator introducing an additional Poissonian noise showing that it behaves as a two dimensional linear ratchet. It has also the property that when Onsager relations are satisfied its entropy production is positive although it is minimal. We conclude discussing estimates of entropy production for partially accessible systems, comparing our results with the lower bound provided by the thermodynamic uncertainty relations.
description: 32 pages, 11 figures. 22 pages main text, 10 pages appendices
Supersymmetric Domain Walls
Creators: name: Bergshoeff, Eric A.
name: Kleinschmidt, Axel
name: Riccioni, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We classify the half-supersymmetric "domain walls", i.e. branes of codimension one, in toroidally compactified IIA/IIB string theory and show to which gauged supergravity theory each of these domain walls belong. We use as input the requirement of supersymmetric Wess-Zumino terms, the properties of the E11 Kac-Moody algebra and the embedding tensor formalism. We show that the number of half-supersymmetric domain walls is a multiple of the number of corresponding central charges in the supersymmetry algebra, where the multiplicity is related to the degeneracy of the BPS conditions.
description: 44 pages, 9 tables
Fermionic Simulators for Enhanced Scalability of Variational Quantum Simulation
Creators: name: Li, Qingyu
name: Mukhopadhyay, Chiranjib
name: Bayat, Abolfazl
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Near-term quantum simulators are mostly based on qubit-based architectures. However, their imperfect nature significantly limits their practical application. The situation is even worse for simulating fermionic systems, which underlie most of material science and chemistry, as one has to adopt fermion-to-qubit encodings which create significant additional resource overhead and trainability issues. Thanks to recent advances in trapping and manipulation of neutral atoms in optical tweezers, digital fermionic quantum simulators are becoming viable. A key question is whether these emerging fermionic simulators can outperform qubit-based simulators for characterizing strongly correlated electronic systems. Here, we perform a comprehensive comparison of resource efficiency between qubit and fermionic simulators for variational ground-state emulation of fermionic systems in both condensed matter systems and quantum chemistry problems. We show that the fermionic simulators indeed outperform their qubit counterparts with respect to resources for quantum evolution (circuit depth), as well as classical optimization (number of required parameters and iterations). In addition, they show less sensitivity to the random initialization of the circuit. The relative advantage of fermionic simulators becomes even more pronounced as interaction becomes stronger, or tunneling is allowed in more than one dimension, as well as for spinful fermions. Importantly, this improvement is scalable, i.e., the performance gap between fermionic and qubit simulators only grows for bigger system sizes.
description: Accepted in Physical Review Research, 13 pages, 8 Figures, Close to published version
Workshop Note: Optimising the use of UK Government survey data on cyber security
Creators: name: Cartwright, Anna
name: Greatrix, Florence
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Cybersecurity and privacy not elsewhere classified

description: We have a particular focus on the Cyber Security Breaches Survey 2018-2021 But workshop is about more general use of already existing government data like Home Office Commercial Victimization Survey, Action Fraud data, the Longitudinal Small Business Survey also has questions on cybersecurity. The objective is to enable and encourage researchers to use these data sets.
 Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport. (2020). Cyber Security Breaches Survey, 2018. [data collection]. UK Data Service. SN: 8406, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5255/UKDA-SN-8406-1 Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport. (2020). Cyber Security Breaches Survey, 2019. [data collection]. UK Data Service. SN: 8480, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5255/UKDA-SN-8480-1 Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport. (2020). Cyber Security Breaches Survey, 2020. [data collection]. UK Data Service. SN: 8638, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5255/UKDA-SN-8638-1 Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport. (2021). Cyber Security Breaches Survey, 2021. [data collection]. UK Data Service. SN: 8825, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5255/UKDA-SN-8825-1
The Effect of Ultrastrong Magnetic Fields on Laser-Produced Gamma-Ray Flashes
Creators: name: Hadjisolomou, Prokopis
name: Shaisultanov, Rashid
name: Jeong, Tae Moon
name: Valenta, Petr
name: Bulanov, Sergey Vladimirovich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Laser produced $gamma$-photons can make an important impact on applied and fundamental physics that require high $gamma$-photon yield and strong collimation. We propose addition of a constant magnetic field to the laser-solid interaction to obtain the aforementioned desired $gamma$-photon properties. The $gamma$-ray flash spatial and spectral characteristics are obtained via quantum electrodynamics particle-in-cell simulations. When the constant magnetic field aligns with the laser magnetic field then the $gamma$-ray emission is significantly enhanced. Moreover, the $gamma$a-photon spatial distribution becomes collimated, approximately in the form of a disk.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Natural Language Processing Specialization: Formula Sheet
Creators: name: Ebeid, Fady Morris Milad
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: mathematics
natural language processing
word embeddings
autocorrect
minimum edit distance
hidden markov models
viterbi algorithm
naive bayes
machine learning
autocomplete
attention
LSTM
GRU
reformer
chatbot
text generation
sentiment analysis
siamese networks
recurrent neural networks
neural networks
machine translation
question answering
deep learning
named entity recognition
cheat sheet

description: This is a formula sheet for "Coursera Natural Language Processing Specialization". Natural Language Processing (NLP) uses algorithms to understand and manipulate human language. This technology is one of the most broadly applied areas of machine learning. Use logistic regression, naïve Bayes, and word vectors to implement sentiment analysis, complete analogies & translate words. Use dynamic programming, hidden Markov models, and word embeddings to implement autocorrect, autocomplete & identify part-of-speech tags for words. Use recurrent neural networks, LSTMs, GRUs & Siamese networks for sentiment analysis, text generation & named entity recognition. Use encoder-decoder, causal, & self-attention to machine translate complete sentences, summarize text, build chatbots & question-answering.
GraSS: Contrastive Learning with Gradient Guided Sampling Strategy for Remote Sensing Image Semantic Segmentation
Creators: name: Zhang, Zhaoyang
name: Ren, Zhen
name: Tao, Chao
name: Zhang, Yunsheng
name: Peng, Chengli
name: Li, Haifeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Self-supervised contrastive learning (SSCL) has achieved significant milestones in remote sensing image (RSI) understanding. Its essence lies in designing an unsupervised instance discrimination pretext task to extract image features from a large number of unlabeled images that are beneficial for downstream tasks. However, existing instance discrimination based SSCL suffer from two limitations when applied to the RSI semantic segmentation task: 1) Positive sample confounding issue; 2) Feature adaptation bias. It introduces a feature adaptation bias when applied to semantic segmentation tasks that require pixel-level or object-level features. In this study, We observed that the discrimination information can be mapped to specific regions in RSI through the gradient of unsupervised contrastive loss, these specific regions tend to contain singular ground objects. Based on this, we propose contrastive learning with Gradient guided Sampling Strategy (GraSS) for RSI semantic segmentation. GraSS consists of two stages: Instance Discrimination warm-up (ID warm-up) and Gradient guided Sampling contrastive training (GS training). The ID warm-up aims to provide initial discrimination information to the contrastive loss gradients. The GS training stage aims to utilize the discrimination information contained in the contrastive loss gradients and adaptively select regions in RSI patches that contain more singular ground objects, in order to construct new positive and negative samples. Experimental results on three open datasets demonstrate that GraSS effectively enhances the performance of SSCL in high-resolution RSI semantic segmentation. Compared to seven baseline methods from five different types of SSCL, GraSS achieves an average improvement of 1.57\% and a maximum improvement of 3.58\% in terms of mean intersection over the union. The source code is available at https://github.com/GeoX-Lab/GraSS
description: 14 pages, 10 figures, 4 tables
Gibbs-non-Gibbs transitions via large deviations: computable examples
Creators: name: Redig, Frank
name: Wang, Feijia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give new and explicitly computable examples of Gibbs-non-Gibbs transitions of mean-field type, using the large deviation approach introduced in [4]. These examples include Brownian motion with small variance and related diffusion processes, such as the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, as well as birth and death processes. We show for a large class of initial measures and diffusive dynamics both short-time conservation of Gibbsianness and dynamical Gibbs-non-Gibbs transitions.
One-loop renormalization group study of boson-fermion mixtures
Creators: name: Liu, Boyang
name: Hu, Jiangping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A weakly interacting boson-fermion mixture model was investigated using Wisonian renormalization group analysis. This model includes one boson-boson interaction term and one boson-fermion interaction term. The scaling dimensions of the two interaction coupling constants were calculated as 2-D at tree level and the Gell-Mann-Low equations were derived at one-loop level. We find that in the Gell-Mann-Low equations the contributions from the fermion loops go to zero as the length scale approaches infinity. After ignoring the fermion loop contributions two fixed points were found in 3 dimensional case. One is the Gaussian fixed point and the other one is Wilson-Fisher fixed point. We find that the boson-fermion interaction decouples at the Wilson-Fisher fixed point. We also observe that under RG transformation the boson-fermion interaction coupling constant runs to negative infinity with a small negative initial value, which indicates a boson-fermion pairing instability. Furthermore, the possibility of emergent supersymmetry in this model was discussed.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures
Microtubule Length-Regulation by Molecular Motors
Creators: name: Melbinger, Anna
name: Reese, Louis
name: Frey, Erwin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Length-regulation of microtubules (MTs) is essential for many cellular processes. Molecular motors like kinesin 8, which move along MTs and also act as depolymerases, are known as key players in MT dynamics. However, the regulatory mechanisms of length control remain elusive. Here, we investigate a stochastic model accounting for the interplay between polymerization kinetics and motor-induced depolymerization. We determine the dependence of MT length and variance on rate constants and motor concentration. Moreover, our analyses reveal how collective phenomena lead to a well-defined MT length.
description: 7 pages (5 p. letter, 3 p. supplementary information), 4 figures (3 f. letter, 1 f. supplementary information)
Uchiyama's lemma and the John-Nirenberg inequality
Creators: name: Knese, Greg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 30H35, 30H10, 30J99

description: Using integral formulas based on Green's theorem and in particular a lemma of Uchiyama, we give simple proofs of comparisons of different BMO norms without using the John-Nirenberg inequality while we also give a simple proof of the strong John-Nirenberg inequality. Along the way we prove the inclusions of BMOA in the dual of H^1 and BMO in the dual of real H^1.
description: 13 pages
Cosmological solutions with massive gravitons
Creators: name: Chamseddine, Ali H.
name: Volkov, Mikhail S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present solutions describing spatially closed, open, or flat cosmologies in the massive gravity theory within the recently proposed tetrad formulation. We find that the effect of the graviton mass is equivalent to introducing to the Einstein equations a matter source that can consist of several different matter types -- a cosmological term, quintessence, gas of cosmic strings, and non-relativistic cold matter.
description: 5 pages
Relational Approach to Knowledge Engineering for POMDP-based Assistance Systems as a Translation of a Psychological Model
Creators: name: Grzes, Marek
name: Hoey, Jesse
name: Khan, Shehroz
name: Mihailidis, Alex
name: Czarnuch, Stephen
name: Jackson, Dan
name: Monk, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Assistive systems for persons with cognitive disabilities (e.g. dementia) are difficult to build due to the wide range of different approaches people can take to accomplishing the same task, and the significant uncertainties that arise from both the unpredictability of client's behaviours and from noise in sensor readings. Partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) models have been used successfully as the reasoning engine behind such assistive systems for small multi-step tasks such as hand washing. POMDP models are a powerful, yet flexible framework for modelling assistance that can deal with uncertainty and utility. Unfortunately, POMDPs usually require a very labour intensive, manual procedure for their definition and construction. Our previous work has described a knowledge driven method for automatically generating POMDP activity recognition and context sensitive prompting systems for complex tasks. We call the resulting POMDP a SNAP (SyNdetic Assistance Process). The spreadsheet-like result of the analysis does not correspond to the POMDP model directly and the translation to a formal POMDP representation is required. To date, this translation had to be performed manually by a trained POMDP expert. In this paper, we formalise and automate this translation process using a probabilistic relational model (PRM) encoded in a relational database. We demonstrate the method by eliciting three assistance tasks from non-experts. We validate the resulting POMDP models using case-based simulations to show that they are reasonable for the domains. We also show a complete case study of a designer specifying one database, including an evaluation in a real-life experiment with a human actor.