cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Structure Theorem and Strict Alternation Hierarchy for FO^2 on Words
Creators: name: Weis, Philipp
name: Immerman, Neil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.4.1; F.4.3

description: It is well-known that every first-order property on words is expressible using at most three variables. The subclass of properties expressible with only two variables is also quite interesting and well-studied. We prove precise structure theorems that characterize the exact expressive power of first-order logic with two variables on words. Our results apply to both the case with and without a successor relation. For both languages, our structure theorems show exactly what is expressible using a given quantifier depth, n, and using m blocks of alternating quantifiers, for any m \leq n. Using these characterizations, we prove, among other results, that there is a strict hierarchy of alternating quantifiers for both languages. The question whether there was such a hierarchy had been completely open. As another consequence of our structural results, we show that satisfiability for first-order logic with two variables without successor, which is NEXP-complete in general, becomes NP-complete once we only consider alphabets of a bounded size.
Superconducting/ferromagnetic diffusive bilayer with a spin-active interface: a numerical study
Creators: name: Cottet, Audrey
name: Linder, Jacob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the density of states (DOS) in a diffusive superconducting/ferromagnetic bilayer with a spin-active interface. We use a self-consistent numerical treatment to make a systematic study of the effects of the Spin-Dependence of Interfacial Phase Shifts (SDIPS) on the self-consistent superconducting gap and the DOS. Strikingly, we find that the SDIPS can induce a double gap structure (DGS) in the DOS of the ferromagnet, even when the superconducing layer is much thicker than the superconducting coherence lenght. We thus obtain DOS curves which have interesting similarities with those of Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 237002 (2008).
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, revised version
The Causal Perturbation Expansion Revisited: Rescaling the Interacting Dirac Sea
Creators: name: Finster, Felix
name: Grotz, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The causal perturbation expansion defines the Dirac sea in the presence of a time-dependent external field. It yields an operator whose image generalizes the vacuum solutions of negative energy and thus gives a canonical splitting of the solution space into two subspaces. After giving a self-contained introduction to the ideas and techniques, we show that this operator is in general not idempotent. We modify the standard construction by a rescaling procedure giving a projector on the generalized negative-energy subspace. The resulting rescaled causal perturbation expansion uniquely defines the fermionic projector in terms of a series of distributional solutions of the Dirac equation. The technical core of the paper is to work out the combinatorics of the expansion in detail. It is also shown that the fermionic projector with interaction can be obtained from the free projector by a unitary transformation. We finally analyze the consequences of the rescaling procedure on the light-cone expansion.
description: 34 pages, LaTeX, introduction expanded
Simultaneous measurement of cosmology and intrinsic alignments using joint cosmic shear and galaxy number density correlations
Creators: name: Joachimi, B.
name: Bridle, S. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmic shear is a powerful method to constrain cosmology, provided that any systematic effects are under control. The intrinsic alignment of galaxies is expected to severely bias parameter estimates if not taken into account. We explore the potential of a joint analysis of tomographic galaxy ellipticity, galaxy number density, and ellipticity-number density cross-correlations to simultaneously constrain cosmology and self-calibrate unknown intrinsic alignment and galaxy bias contributions. We treat intrinsic alignments and galaxy biasing as free functions of scale and redshift and marginalise over the resulting parameter sets. Constraints on cosmology are calculated by combining the likelihoods from all two-point correlations between galaxy ellipticity and galaxy number density. The information required for these calculations is already available in a standard cosmic shear dataset. We include contributions to these functions from cosmic shear, intrinsic alignments, galaxy clustering and magnification effects. In a Fisher matrix analysis we compare our constraints with those from cosmic shear alone in the absence of intrinsic alignments. For a potential future large area survey, such as Euclid, the extra information from the additional correlation functions can make up for the additional free parameters in the intrinsic alignment and galaxy bias terms, depending on the flexibility in the models. For example, the Dark Energy Task Force figure of merit is recovered even when more than 100 free parameters are marginalised over. We find that the redshift quality requirements are similar to those calculated in the absence of intrinsic alignments.
description: 22 pages, 10 figures; extended discussion, otherwise minor changes to match accepted version; published in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Topic structures and minimal effort
Creators: name: Li, Yen-Hui Audrey
Publisher: name: ZAS Papers in Linguistics
Year: 2000

description: The complexity of human languages has always inspired research for some human faculty that makes language learning possible. The system that generates the complexity of human languages, ideally, is simple and effective. Recent developments of the generative grammatical theory explore deeper into the issue of simplicity or economy. The Minimalist Program developed in Chomsky (1991, 1993, 1995) tries to provide contents to such notions. What does it mean to be more economic or least effort? An important instantiation of such notions is the proposal that movement is the last resort assuming that movement is more costly than non-movement. Processes occur only because they are necessary. The definition of necessity generally is cast in morphological terms. Moreover, the notion of "economy" or "least effort" is deterministic of the appropriate derivations for sentences: a shorter derivation is better than a longer one. In this work, we show that the notion of "least effort," - do minimally if possible - is manifested not only in derivations but also in other aspects of the grammar. We take Chinese as an example and show that this language exhibits the properties manifesting some "least effort" guidelines in the area of movement and reconstruction, and in the projection of syntactic positions: when there is a choice, non-application of moyement/reconstruction and non-projection of a position are adopted. These phenomena essentially are attested in topic structures. The question arises as to why topic structures exhibit such minimal effort effects. We suggest that this is due to the fact that topic structures can be derived by movement or base-generation. When there are morpho-syntactic clues that reconstruction is necessary, the structure is a movement structure. Otherwise, the less costly non-movement structure is assumed. Moreover, because of the possibility of assuming a topic NP to be base-generated, bearing a predication (or aboutness) relation with the comment clause, the argument position which otherwise would be related to the topic (conveniently termed the trace position) is not projected when there is a choice of projecting or not projecting it.
description: ZAS Papers in Linguistics, Bd. 20 (2000): Issues on topics
Editorial preface
Creators: name: Meinunger, André
Publisher: name: ZAS Papers in Linguistics
Year: 2000

description: The present issue grew out of two sources. The main one was the workshop on Adding and Omitting (A & 0) held during the DGfS Conference organized in Konstanz at the beginning of 1999 by our ZAS project on Syntax der Fokusbildung. The purpose of the workshop was to bring together people working on topicalization (addition of expressions, in a sense) and ellipsis (omission, i.e. deletion of linguistic material) and their relations and interaction. Since the workshop was very successful and met with a great deal of interest on the part of both participants and outsiders, we decided to collect and publish the papers that were presented. Towards the end of 1999, a follow-up workshop on Ellipsis and Information Structure was organized by Kerstin Schwabe and Susanne Winkler (Tübingen). The papers given at this second meeting were supposed to be an integral part of the publication as well. More and more people got involved, further developing our common understanding of the topic phenomenon, so that there was too much material for a single volume. We therefore decided to split the enterprise into two volumes. The ellipsis papers are to be published by 'Benjamins' this year in Interpreting Omitted Structures.
description: ZAS Papers in Linguistics, Bd. 20 (2000): Issues on topics
Kinematic and Dynamic Analysis of the 2-DOF Spherical Wrist of Orthoglide 5-axis
Creators: name: Ur-Rehman, Raza
name: Caro, Stéphane
name: Chablat, Damien
name: Wenger, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper deals with the kinematics and dynamics of a two degree of freedom spherical manipulator, the wrist of Orthoglide 5-axis. The latter is a parallel kinematics machine composed of two manipulators: i) the Orthoglide 3-axis; a three-dof translational parallel manipulator that belongs to the family of Delta robots, and ii) the Agile eye; a two-dof parallel spherical wrist. The geometric and inertial parameters used in the model are determined by means of a CAD software. The performance of the spherical wrist is emphasized by means of several test trajectories. The effects of machining and/or cutting forces and the length of the cutting tool on the dynamic performance of the wrist are also analyzed. Finally, a preliminary selection of the motors is proposed from the velocities and torques required by the actuators to carry out the test trajectories.
Issues on topics
Creators: name: Schwabe, Kerstin
name: Meinunger, André
name: Gasde, Dieter
Publisher: name: ZAS Papers in Linguistics
Year: 2000

description: The present volume contains papers that bear mainly on issues concerning the topic concept. This concept is of course very broad and diverse. Also, different views are expressed in this volume. Some authors concentrate on the status of topics and non-topics in so-called topic prominent languages (i.e. Chinese), others focus on the syntactic behavior of topical constituents in specific European languages (German, Greek, Romance languages). The last contribution tries to bring together the concept of discourse topic (a non-syntactic notion) and the concept of sentence topic, i.e. that type of topic that all the preceding papers are concerned with.
description: ZAS Papers in Linguistics, Bd. 20 (2000): Issues on topics
MPEC 2023-Y13 : 2023 XN15
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 XN15

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Crossing word boundaries : constraints for misaligned syllabification
Creators: name: Wiltshire, Caroline R.
Publisher: name: ZAS Papers in Linguistics
Year: 2000

description: In this work, I examine a set of languages which appear to require resyllabification postlexically; in less derivational terms, a word's syllabification in isolation differs from its syllabification in a phrase-internal context. Although many people, myself included, have been looking at such cases in isolation over the years, I bring together several examples here to see what features they share and how an Optimality Theory analysis improves upon rule-based derivational approaches.
description: ZAS Papers in Linguistics, Bd. 19 (2000): Investigations in prosodic phonology : the role of the foot and the phonological word
On the Sackur-Tetrode equation in an expanding universe
Creators: name: Pereira, S. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we investigate the thermodynamic properties satisfied by an expanding universe filled with a monoatomic ideal gas. We show that the equations for the energy density, entropy density and chemical potential remain the same of an ideal gas confined to a constant volume V . In particular the Sackur-Tetrode equation for the entropy of the ideal gas is also valid in the case of an expanding universe, provided that the constant value that represents the current entropy of the universe is appropriately chosen.
description: 10 pages. Revised and extended version, main results unchanged
Spinning Electroweak Sphalerons
Creators: name: Radu, Eugen
name: Volkov, Mikhail S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present numerical evidence for the existence of stationary spinning generalizations for the static sphaleron in the Weinberg-Salam theory. Our results suggest that, for any value of the mixing angle $\thetw$ and for any Higgs mass, the spinning sphalerons comprise a family labeled by their angular momentum $J$. For $\thetw\neq 0$ they possess an electric charge $Q=eJ$ where $e$ is the electron charge. Inside they contain a monopole-antimonopole pair and a spinning loop of electric current, and for large $J$ they show a Regge-type behavior. It is likely that these sphalerons mediate the topological transitions in sectors with $J\neq 0$, thus enlarging the number of transition channels. Their action {\it decreases} with $J$, which may considerably affect the total transition rate.
description: improved and extended as compared to the first version, published
Efficient all-optical switching using slow light within a hollow fiber
Creators: name: Bajcsy, M.
name: Hofferberth, S.
name: Balic, V.
name: Peyronel, T.
name: Hafezi, M.
name: Zibrov, A. S.
name: Vuletic, V.
name: Lukin, M. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate a fiber-optical switch that is activated at tiny energies corresponding to few hundred optical photons per pulse. This is achieved by simultaneously confining both photons and a small laser-cooled ensemble of atoms inside the microscopic hollow core of a single-mode photonic-crystal fiber and using quantum optical techniques for generating slow light propagation and large nonlinear interaction between light beams.
The merger-driven evolution of warm infrared luminous galaxies
Creators: name: Younger, J. D.
name: Hayward, C. C.
name: Narayanan, D.
name: Cox, T. J.
name: Hernquist, L.
name: Jonsson, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a merger-driven evolutionary model for the production of luminous (LIRGs) and ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) with warm IR colours. Our results show that simulations of gas--rich major mergers including star formation, black hole growth, and feedback can produce warm (U)LIRGs. We also find that while the warm evolutionary phase is associated with increased AGN activity, star formation alone may be sufficient to produce warm IR colours. However, the transition can be suppressed entirely - even when there is a significant AGN contribution - when we assume a single-phase ISM, which maximizes the attenuation. Finally, our evolutionary models are consistent with the 25-to-60 micron flux density ratio vs. L_HX/L_IR relation for local LIRGs and ULIRGs, and predict the observed scatter in IR color at fixed L_HX/L_IR. Therefore, our models suggest a cautionary note in the interpretation of warm IR colours: while associated with periods of active black hole growth, they are probably produced by a complex mix of star formation and AGN activity intermediate between the cold star formation dominated phase and the birth of a bright, unobscured quasar.
description: 5 pages, accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters
Prosodic constituents in the representation of consonantal sequences in Polish
Creators: name: Rochoń, Marzena
Publisher: name: ZAS Papers in Linguistics
Year: 2000

description: The aim of this paper is to show what role prosodic constituents, especially the foot and the prosodic word play in Polish phonology. The focus is placed on their function in the representation of extrasyllabic consonants in word-initial, word-medial, and word-final positions. The paper is organized as follows. In the first section, I show that the foot and the prosodic word are well-motivated prosodic constituents in Polish prosody. In the second part, I discuss consonant clusters in Polish focussing on segments that are not parsed into a syllable due to violations of the Sonority Sequencing Generalisation, i.e. extrasyllabic segments. Finally, I analyze possible representations of the extrasyllabic consonants and conclude that both the foot and the prosodic word play a crucial role in terms of licensing. My proposal differs from the ones by Rubach and Booij (1990b) and Rubach (1997) in that I argue that the word-initial sonorants traditionally called extrasyllabic are licenced by the foot and not by the prosodic word (cf. Rubach and Booij (1990b)) or the syllable (cf. Rubach (1997)). For my analysis I adopt the framework of Optimality Theory, cf. McCarthy and Prince (1993), Prince and Smolensky (1993), in which derivational levels are abandoned and only surface representations are evaluated by means of universal constraints.
description: ZAS Papers in Linguistics, Bd. 19 (2000): Investigations in prosodic phonology : the role of the foot and the phonological word
三元平衡定律与三元平衡系统.pdf
Creators: name: 林 杨
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 29902 Complex Physical Systems
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Quantum Mechanics
subject: 20604 Quantum Optics
subject: 20203 Particle Physics
subject: Entropy

description: 在单摆的运动中，人们经常用一种波形图，来对单摆运动的轨迹进行表示。而在这个表达单摆运动轨迹波形图中的“波峰”和“波谷”，其实都是单摆运动的两个非平衡状态的位置。当单摆放在这两个非平衡位置时，都是动能完全转换成势能的状态。而单摆移动的整个过程，其实就是单摆回归平衡状态的过程。而单摆摆动是势能和动能之间的相互重复转换的过程，其实这也是一种动态平衡的状态。单摆在摆动的过程，就是一种三元平衡系统运动的过程，三元平衡系统是能量在三元平衡定律作用下，普遍存在的一种事物常态。无论是水波，还是电磁波，甚至是电子，基本粒子的形成，都离不开三元平衡定律对它们的作用，所以说它们都是一种三元平衡系统。此处采用对自然系统的双重视角，来解释自然界中的一些常见现象，以及来解释微观世界中的事物是如何通过三元平衡定律，来作用于宏观世界的现象。19世纪末，经典力学和经典电动力学在描述微观系统时的不足越来越明显，于是在20世纪初，由一大批科学家创立了量子力学。但是对量子的研究的中，差不多都是用宏观世界发现的科学定律去理解微观世界，所以就难免变成像是一种哲学层面的思考。三元平衡定律为量子力学的研究，提供了一个全新的视角。微观世界的三元平衡定律和宏观世界的其它科学定律可以互为补充。一个是通过对宏观世界的全局哲学思考，而发现的适用于微观世界的科学定律。一个是对宏观世界局部现象的科学研究，发现的科学定律。两者之间稍有差异，就是说三元平衡定律，以系统全局的方式研究宏观世界，有时候会象是一种哲学研究。而宏观世界局部现象得出的其它科学定律，在微观世界的运用中也同样像是一种哲学思考。例如爱因斯坦说“上帝不会掷骰子”、薛定谔的猫等等，都是在这样的情况下的类似于哲学思考的例子。
Ultrarelativistic Electron-Positron Plasma
Creators: name: Thoma, Markus H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultrarelativistic electron-positron plasmas can be produced in high-intensity laser fields and play a role in various astrophysical situations. Their properties can be calculated using QED at finite temperature. Here we will use perturbative QED at finite temperature for calculating various important properties, such as the equation of state, dispersion relations of collective plasma modes of photons and electrons, Debye screening, damping rates, mean free paths, collision times, transport coefficients, and particle production rates, of ultrarelativistic electron-positron plasmas. In particular, we will focus on electron-positron plasmas produced with ultra-strong lasers.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures, 1 table, invited talk presented at the ELI Workshop and School on Fundamental Physics with Ultra-high Fields (September 29 - October 2, 2008, Frauenwoerth, Germany)
Prosodic form and identity effects in German
Creators: name: Raffelsiefen, Renate
Publisher: name: ZAS Papers in Linguistics
Year: 2000

description: Identity effects in phonology are deviations from regular phonological form (i.e. canonical patterns) which are due to the relatedness between words. More specifically, identity effects are those deviations which have the function to enhance similarity in the surface phonological form of morphologically related words. In rule-based generative phonology the effects in question are described by means of the cycle. For example, the stress on the second syllable in cond[ɛ]nsation as opposed to the stresslessness of the second syllable in comp[ǝ]nsation is described by applying the stress rules initially to the sterns thereby yielding condénse and cómpensàte. Subsequently the stress rules are reapplied to the affixed words with the initial stress assignment (i.e. stress on the second syllable in condense, but not in compensate) leaving its mark in the output form (cf. Chomsky and Halle 1968). A second example are words like lie[p]los 'unloving' in German, which shows the effects of neutralization in coda position (i.e. only voiceless obstruents may occur in coda position) even though the obstruent should 'regularly' be syllabified in head position (i.e. bl is a wellformed syllable head in German). Here the stern is syllabified on an initial cycle, obstruent devoicing applies (i.e. lie[p]) and this structure is left intact when affixation applies (i.e. lie[p ]Ios ) (cf. Hall 1992). As a result the stern of lie[p]los is identical to the base lie[p].
description: ZAS Papers in Linguistics, Bd. 19 (2000): Investigations in prosodic phonology : the role of the foot and the phonological word
word is a phrase, phonologically : evidence from Persian stress
Creators: name: Kahnemuyipour, Arsalan
Publisher: name: ZAS Papers in Linguistics
Year: 2000

description: The purpose of this paper is to provide a unified (i.e. independent of lexical categories) account of Persian stress. I show that by differentiating word- and phrase-level stress rules, one can account for the superficial differences exemplified in (1) above and many of the stipulations suggested by previous scholars. The paper is organized as follows. In section 1, I look at nouns and adjectives and propose a rule that would account for their stress pattern. In section 2, I extend the stress rule to verbs and show the problem this category poses to our generalization. The main proposal of this paper is discussed in section 3. I introduce the phrasal stress rule in Persian and show that by differentiating word-level and phrase-level stress rules, one can come to a unified account of Persian stress. Section 4 deals with some problematic eases for the proposed generalization and discusses some tentative solutions and their theoretical consequences. Section 5 concludes the paper.
description: ZAS Papers in Linguistics, Bd. 19 (2000): Investigations in prosodic phonology : the role of the foot and the phonological word
Una classicità tribale I Sette contro Tebe di Marco Baliani al Teatro greco di Siracusa
Creators: name: Auteri, Francesca
Publisher: name: La Rivista di Engramma
Year: 2017
Subjects: Theatre
Syracuse
Baliani
Aeschylus
Seven against Thebes
Inda

description: The present contribution aims at emphasizing the tribal elements that Marco Baliani has chosen for his production of Seven against Thebes by Aeschylus. Inside an ancestral space, evoked with red sand and an enormous temple-tree, the restless people of Thebes express their terror through convulsive and wild movements. The body of the performers becomes a resonant box of a deep pain: jumps, howls, knees on the floor, hands that beg, gestures, and sounds telling us of an imminent and inevitable end. The archaic past is given by the rags and leather of the costumes, by the anthropomorphous character of the diviner (Tiresia), and in the scene when Eteocles chooses the seven defenders of Thebes. The Past dialogues with our Present that is connected to the Syrian conflict – sign and symbol of the universality of the tragedy and myth.
Weak position constraints : the role of prosodic templates in contrast distribution
Creators: name: Holsinger, David J.
Publisher: name: ZAS Papers in Linguistics
Year: 2000

description: I argue in this study that consonantal strength shifts can be explained through positional bans on features, expressed over positions marked as weak at a given level of prosodic structure, usually the metrical foo!. This approach might be characterized as "templatic" in the sense it seeks to explain positional restrictions and distributional patterns relative to independently motivated, fixed prosodic elements. In this sense, it follows Dresher & Lahiri's (1991) idea of metrical coherence in phonological systems, namely, "[T]hat grammars adhere to syllabic templates and metrical patterns of limited types, and that these patterns persist across derivations and are available to a number of different processes ... " (251). [...] The study is structured as follows: section 1 presents a typology of distributional asymmetries based on data from unrelated languages, demonstrating that the stress foot of each of these languages determines the contexts of neutralization and weakening of stops. Section 2 elaborates the notion of a template, exploring some of its formal properties, while section 3 presents templatic analyses of data from English and German. Section 4 explores the properties of weak positions, especially weak onsets, in more detail, including discussion of templates in phonological acquisition. Section 5 summarizes and concludes the study.
description: ZAS Papers in Linguistics, Bd. 19 (2000): Investigations in prosodic phonology : the role of the foot and the phonological word
Divergences in the vacuum energy for frequency-dependent interactions
Creators: name: Vassilevich, D. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a method for determining ultra-violet divergences in the vacuum energy for systems whose spectrum of perturbations is defined through a non-linear spectrum problem, i.e, when the fluctuation operator itself depends on the frequency. The method is applied to the plasma shell model, which describes some properties of the interaction of electromagnetic field with fullerens. We formulate a scalar model, which simplifies the matrix structure, but keeps the frequency dependence of the plasma shell, and calculate the ultra-violet divergences in the case when the plasma sheet is slightly curved. The divergent terms are expressed in terms of surface integrals of corresponding invariants.
description: 14 pages, revtex, v2: clarifications added
distribution of trimoraic syllables in German and English as evidence for the phonological word
Creators: name: Hall, Tracy A.
Publisher: name: ZAS Papers in Linguistics
Year: 2000

description: In the present article I discuss the distribution of trimoraic syllables in German and English. The reason I have chosen to analyze these two languages together is that the data in both languages are strikingly similar. However, although the basic generalization in (1) holds for both German and English, we will see below that trimoraic syllabIes do not have an identical distribution in both languages. In the present study I make the following theoretical claims. First, I argue that the three environments in (1) have a property in common: they all describe the right edge of a phonological word (or prosodic word; henceforth pword). From a formal point of view, I argue that a constraint I dub the THIRD MORA RESTRICTION (henceforth TMR), which ensures that trimoraic syllables surface at the end of a pword, is active in German and English. According to my proposal trimoraic syllables cannot occur morpheme-internally because monomorphemic grammatical words like garden are parsed as single pwords. Second, I argue that the TMR refers crucially to moraic structure. In particular, underlined strings like the ones in (1) will be shown to be trimoraic; neither skeletal positions nor the subsyllabic constituent rhyme are necessary. Third, the TMR will be shown to be violated in certain (predictable) pword-internal cases, as in Monde and chamber; I account for such facts in an OptimalityTheoretic analysis (henceforth OT; Prince & Smolensky 1993) by ranking various markedness constraints among themselves or by ranking them ahead of the TMR. Fourth, I hold that the TMR describes a concrete level of grammar, which I refer to below as the 'surface' representation. In this respect, my treatment differs significantly from the one proposed for English by Borowsky (1986, 1989), in which the English facts are captured in a Lexical Phonology model by ordering the relevant constraint at level 1 in the lexicon.
description: ZAS Papers in Linguistics, Bd. 19 (2000): Investigations in prosodic phonology : the role of the foot and the phonological word
Satisfying minimality in Ndebele
Creators: name: Downing, Laura J.
Publisher: name: ZAS Papers in Linguistics
Year: 2000

description: In this paper, I discuss four different verb forms in Ndebele (a Nguni Bantu language spoken mainly in Zimbabwe) - the imperative, reduplicated, future and participial. I show that while all four are subject to minimality restrictions, minimality is satisfied differently in each of these morphological contexts. To account for this, I argue that in Ndebele (as in other Bantu languages) Word and RED are not the only constituents which must satisfy minimality: the Stem is also subject to minimality conditions in some morphological contexts. This paper, then, provides additional arguments for the proposal that Phonological Word is not the only sub-lexical morpho-prosodic constituent. Further, I argue that, although Word, RED and Stern are all subject to the same minimality constraint – they must all be minimally bisyllabic - this does not follow from a single 'generalized' constraint. Instead, I argue, contra recent work within Generalized Template Theory (see, e.g., McCarthy & Prince 1994, 1995a, 1999; Urbanezyk 1995, 1996; and Walker 2000; etc.) that a distinct minimality constraint must be formalized for each of these morpho-prosodic constituents.
description: ZAS Papers in Linguistics, Bd. 19 (2000): Investigations in prosodic phonology : the role of the foot and the phonological word
On the (non-)recursivity of the prosodic word in Polish
Creators: name: Cetnarowska, Bożena
Publisher: name: ZAS Papers in Linguistics
Year: 2000

description: The present paper investigates the relationship between the morphological word and the prosodic word in Polish sequences consisting of proclitics and lexical words.
description: ZAS Papers in Linguistics, Bd. 19 (2000): Investigations in prosodic phonology : the role of the foot and the phonological word
Collider performance, beam optics and design considerations baseline
Creators: name: Agapov, Ilya
name: Charitos, Panagiotis
name: Oide, Katsunobu
name: Raubenheimer, Tor
name: Shatilov, Dmitry
name: Zimmermann, Frank
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: We report a preliminary FCC-ee baseline layout for optimised placement, comment on the associated beam optics and the expected performance and highlight some of the issues that remain to be addressed.
Census and lifetime of high-mass prestellar cores : what are the forces in presence to prevent the gravitational collapse?
Creators: name: Valeille-Manet, Maxime
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: The study of the early phases of high-mass star formation is a major topic in astrophysics that is still poorly understood. Several formation scenarios are in competition. To elucidate which precise processes of formation are in action, it is necessary to identify the youngest precursors of massive stars (M > 8 M_⊙), even before collapse (so-called prestellar cores), within high-mass star-forming regions. Here we survey for high-mass prestellar core candidates in the data cubes of massive proto-clusters mapped in the ALMA-IMF program (ALMA Large Program; Motte et al. 2022). For this purpose, an automatized method for systematically detecting outflows from proto-stellar cores is developed. Cores without significant outflows are considered as excellent candidates to be prestellar cores. For this we compare the spectrum of each source (on source) with the spectrum of its surrounding environment (off source). We use both the CO(2-1) and SiO(5-4) spectral lines to identify outflowing gas. In addition to the spectra, we use outflows maps in order to confirm signs for bipolar outflow around each. We show that 30 cores with a mass greater than 8 M_⊙ are such good prestellar candidates in the ALMA-IMF survey (Valeille-Manet et al. subm). They cover a mass range from 8 to 54 M_⊙, and for a total amount of around 51 high-mass proto-stellar cores in the survey. Among those 30 cores, 12 have a mass greater than 16 M_⊙ and will most certainly form a high-mass star in the future. We can then derive statistical lifetimes in several bins of mass with lifetimes below 105 yr for the most massive cores. We can then conclude that the high-mass pre-stellar cores are rare with short statistical lifetimes. But on the other hand, when we compare with the typical free-fall times inside the detected cores, the obtained lifetimes are relatively large with values of the order of 10 x T_ff. Such large values in terms of T_ff strongly suggest the need of a support against gravity to prevent the cores to collapse on a free-fall time as expected. Using the DCN(3-2) and 13CS(5-4) lines, we studied the turbulence in the 12 most massive prestellar core candidates and found supersonic turbulence in all the cores (Valeille-Manet et al in prep). A Virial analysis reveals that turbulence is enough for around 1/3 of the 12 cores to prevent gravitational collapse, but not enough for the two other thirds of the cores. Additional magnetic field with strength between 5 and 50 mG would be needed to justify the long lifetimes of these cores.
Auslander-Buchweitz approximation theory for triangulated categories
Creators: name: Mendoza, O.
name: Saenz, E. C.
name: Santiago, V.
name: Salorio, M. J. Souto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18E30, 18G20

description: We introduce and develop an analogous of the Auslander-Buchweitz approximation theory (see \cite{AB}) in the context of triangulated categories, by using a version of relative homology in this setting. We also prove several results concerning relative homological algebra in a triangulated category $\T,$ which are based on the behavior of certain subcategories under finiteness of resolutions and vanishing of Hom-spaces. For example: we establish the existence of preenvelopes (and precovers) in certain triangulated subcategories of $\T.$ The results resemble various constructions and results of Auslander and Buchweitz, and are concentrated in exploring the structure of a triangulated category $\T$ equipped with a pair $(\X,ω),$ where $\X$ is closed under extensions and $ω$ is a weak-cogenerator in $\X,$ usually under additional conditions. This reduces, among other things, to the existence of distinguished triangles enjoying special properties, and the behavior of (suitably defined) (co)resolutions, projective or injective dimension of objects of $\T$ and the formation of orthogonal subcategories. Finally, some relationships with the Rouquier's dimension in triangulated categories is discussed.
description: To appear at: Appl. Categor. Struct. (2011); 22 pages
Investigations in prosodic phonology : the role of the foot and the phonological word
Creators: name: Hall, T. A.
name: Rochoń, Marzena
Publisher: name: ZAS Papers in Linguistics
Year: 2000

description: The present volume consists of eight studies dealing with various aspects of Prosodic Phonology (see Booij 1983, Nespor & Vogel 1986 and much current work). The languages dealt with below include English, German, Italian, Luganda, Ndebele, Persian, Polish, Spanish, and Tamil.
description: ZAS Papers in Linguistics, Bd. 19 (2000): Investigations in prosodic phonology : the role of the foot and the phonological word
First tentative conclusions on the early development of verb morphology
Creators: name: Dressler, Wolfgang U.
name: Kilani-Schoch, Marianne
name: Bittner, Dagmar
Publisher: name: ZAS Papers in Linguistics
Year: 2000

description: In these conclusions we can deal only with some of the tentative comparative results of the workshop papers on the early development of verb morphology. The main focus is on criteria of how the child detects morphology and how this emerging morphological competence develops in its earliest phases. In view of the purpose and tentative character of these conclusions, all references will be limited to the papers of the workshop and to earlier studies by workshop participants within the "Crosslinguistic Project on Pre- and Protomorphology in Language Acquisition". Much more will be given in the projected final publication.
description: ZAS Papers in Linguistics, Bd. 18 (2000): First verbs: on the way to mini-paradigms
Early verb development in one Russian-speaking child
Creators: name: Gagarina, Natalia Vladimirovna
Publisher: name: ZAS Papers in Linguistics
Year: 2000

description: This paper investigates the development of verbal inflection in the early stages of the acquisition of Russian. Data from tape recordings and a diary were used for this study.
description: ZAS Papers in Linguistics, Bd. 18 (2000): First verbs: on the way to mini-paradigms
Chiral Crystal Growth under Grinding
Creators: name: Saito, Yukio
name: Hyuga, Hiroyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To study the establishment of homochirality observed in the crystal growth experiment of chiral molecules from a solution under grinding, we extend the lattice gas model of crystal growth as follows. A lattice site can be occupied by a chiral molecule in R or S form, or can be empty. Molecules form homoclusters by nearest neighbor bonds. They change their chirality if they are isolated monomers in the solution. Grinding is incorporated by cutting and shafling the system randomly. It is shown that Ostwald ripening without grinding is extremely slow to select chirality, if possible. Grinding alone also cannot achieve chirality selection. For the accomplishment of homochirality, we need an enhanced chirality change on crystalline surface. With this "autocatalytic effect" and the recycling of monomers due to rinding, an exponential increase of crystal enantiomeric excess to homochiral state is realized.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
Additional file 1 of Controlled Synthesis and Properties of 3d–4f Metals Co-doped Polyoxometalates-Based Materials
Creators: name: Liu, Ning
name: Guo, Ningning
name: Sun, Lin
name: Liu, Shixian
name: Wang, Guan
name: Zhao, Yuan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Mental Health
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. TG curves of CeCdW12 nanoflowers and EuCrMo6 microflakes.
A Proposal for the Application of Mathematical Models That Accurately Approximate Measured Data to Radiation Protection
Creators: name: Tsunoyama, Yuichi
name: Toki, Hiroshi
name: Bando, Masako
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Dose rate effect
Mathematical model
Chromosome aberrations
Biological Effect

description: Recently, we have proposed a mathematical model, the Whack-A-Mole model (WAM model), which reproduces the dose rate effects observed in genetic effects research experiments in animals and plants such as mice with extremely high accuracy. Since this model can also trace the variation of the effect with time, it is possible to predict the effect under irradiation environments that are difficult to explain the method using DDREF, i.e., in situations such as the space environment where the dose rate fluctuates, and the exposure continues for a long period of time. This model also has the potential to be applied to the prediction of long-term effects in areas affected by nuclear disaster. The WAM model can also be used to the prediction of changes in tumor volume in the fractionated radiation therapy. In Japan, empirical studies for its practical application are currently being conducted in the field of cancer treatment. Recently, it has also been suggested that the basic concept of the WAM model can be applied to explain the occurrence of chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes and the decrease of unstable aberrations after irradiation. We are now investigating the applicability of the WAM model to chromosome aberrations. If we are able to approximate chromosome aberrations mathematically, we expect to be able to predict changes in the number of chromosome aberrations under conditions of long-term or multiple exposures to relatively high doses, such as astronaut missions, as well as for applications in the field of radiotherapy. In this way, the newly proposed mathematical models and the concepts behind such models concerning biological effects are becoming more accurate and reflective of actual data, compared to the models and concepts that have been referred for many years in the field of radiation protection. In this presentation, we will take the WAM model as an example, and strongly suggest the incorporation of a new mathematical model in the field of radiation protection that more accurately reflects the actual measured data in addition to the models that have been used for many years in the field of radiation protection and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of adding the new model.
description: License: Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial No Derivatives 2.5 Generic Grants: I would like to leave it blank.
Early verb inflection in Lithuanian
Creators: name: Wójcik, Paweł
Publisher: name: ZAS Papers in Linguistics
Year: 2000

description: The source of the data used in this paper are recordings of conversations with a Lithuanian girl, Rūta. Rūta lives in Vilnius and is the only child in the family. Both parents speak standard Lithuanian without dialectal influences. The recordings were taken on a free basis without a fixed schedule, then transcribed by the mother of the child, double-checked and coded in accordance with CHILDES by the author of the paper. At the moment of writing this contribution the data taken between 1;7-2;5 have been fully processed. Over this period about 34.5 hours of recordings were collected.
description: ZAS Papers in Linguistics, Bd. 18 (2000): First verbs: on the way to mini-paradigms
磁场与复合磁场以及混沌磁场.pdf
Creators: name: 林 杨
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics
subject: Planetary Science
subject: 20299 Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Atomic Physics
subject: 29902 Complex Physical Systems
subject: 20203 Particle Physics
subject: Quantum Mechanics
subject: 20604 Quantum Optics
subject: 20699 Quantum Physics not elsewhere classified
subject: Entropy

description: 在传统物理研究中，人们将受到磁场力，磁场力，引力，归因是几种完全不同的作用力。而在通过三元平衡定律对三元平衡系统的研究之后，发现这几个作用力，而实际上是有其一定的关联性。而电场力和引力，是如何形成的？以及这两种作用力的本质又是什么？却是传统物理学领域中难以揭开的两个话题。而今天我们就将通过这篇论文，来揭示这两个传统物理学领域中难以揭开的两个问题。
在《三元平衡定律与三元平衡系统》一文中，我们对电磁波在三元平衡定律的作用下，形成电子的过程进行了详细的分解。而电子又可以在三元平衡定律的作用下，形成更复杂的粒子。而带电粒子之间的作用力，人们将其称为共振力，而电场力是如何形成的呢？这就是本论文要详细解析的内容之一。此处除对电场力做出分析之外，将会对磁场力，电场力，引力等作用力之间的关系，进行一个深入的探讨研究。
Early verb development in one Croatian-speaking child
Creators: name: Katičić, Antigone
Publisher: name: ZAS Papers in Linguistics
Year: 2000

description: This paper shows the early development of the first approximately 50 verbs found in the recorded speech production of one Croatian girl. The aim is to analyse and interpret the child's verb development in terms of the distinction of a pre- and a protomorphological phase before modularised morphology in language acquisition (Dressler & Karpf 1995). Furthermore, focus will be laid on the emergence of first verb paradigms.
description: ZAS Papers in Linguistics, Bd. 18 (2000): First verbs: on the way to mini-paradigms
On the emergence of verb paradigms in one Spanish child
Creators: name: Aguirre, Carmen
Publisher: name: ZAS Papers in Linguistics
Year: 2000

description: This paper studies the acquisition process of Spanish verbal morphology in a monolingual child. The study focuses on the period of the first 50 verb lemmas. This covers the period from age 1;7 till 1;10. The data shows that the verb acquisition process of this Spanish child follows three main stages: 1. A lexical stage in which verbs are only acquired as a lexical element. 2. A syntactic stage in which the verb, still contemplated as a non-split word, becomes the main element in the development of thematic and semantic relations. 3. A morphological stage in which verb suffixes begin to be analysed separately. At this stage, the relationship between form and meaning starts and the functional categories linked to the verb (tense, aspect, agreement, mood... ) begin to be acquired. Just at this moment, the first miniparadigms appear, which suggests that the acquisition process of verb morphology has started. The first two stages are premorphological and cover in our child the period till 1;9. In the last stage, which begins at 1;10, the child enters the protomorphological stage.
description: ZAS Papers in Linguistics, Bd. 18 (2000): First verbs: on the way to mini-paradigms
Особенности гражданско-правового положения сторон по договору со специализированными организациями, обеспечивающими безопасность образовательных организаций
Creators: name: Федулов Георгий Владимирович
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: law
civil law

description: Приведены основные результаты исследования правового положения и правового статуса сторон по договору, заключаемому организациями, осуществляющими образовательную деятельность, со специализированными организациями, обеспечивающими безопасность образовательных организаций, прежде всего, личную безопасность физических лиц – субъектов образовательной деятельность и безопасность объектов, в которых осуществляется образовательный процесс, охрана труда, защита информации и др. Проанализирована специфика договоров, заключаемых, в том числе, со специализированными организациями в области обеспечения безопасности, законодательно наделенными правом осуществления частной охранной (организации с особыми уставными задачами) и детективной (сыскной) деятельности, а также с правоохранительными органами Российской Федерации.