cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Conformists and contrarians in a Kuramoto model with identical natural frequencies
Creators: name: Hong, Hyunsuk
name: Strogatz, Steven H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a variant of the Kuramoto model, in which all the oscillators are now assumed to have the same natural frequency, but some of them are negatively coupled to the mean field. These "contrarian" oscillators tend to align in antiphase with the mean field, whereas the positively coupled "conformist" oscillators favor an in-phase relationship. The interplay between these effects can lead to rich dynamics. In addition to a splitting of the population into two diametrically opposed factions, the system can also display traveling waves, complete incoherence, and a blurred version of the two-faction state. Exact solutions for these states and their bifurcations are obtained by means of the Watanabe-Strogatz transformation and the Ott-Antonsen ansatz. Curiously, this system of oscillators with identical frequencies turns out to exhibit more complicated dynamics than its counterpart with heterogeneous natural frequencies.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. E
title: Musculoskeletal sarcoidosis : Imaging findings, diagnosis and managment
Creators: name: M'rad, Tej El Baha
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Not applicable
subject: Inflammation
subject: Biopsy
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Musculoskeletal bone
subject: Extremities
subject: Bones
subject: Musculoskeletal

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Overview the various types of musculoskeletal maniestations of sarcoidosis focusing on their imaging findings. Review the main differential diagnoses mimicking musculoskeletal...
Benefit-Cost Analysis and Trade Policies
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
name: Dasgupta, Partha
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1974
Subjects: Economics
Public policy (Law)

description: This paper extends the theory of optimal taxation and government production to open economies. Appropriate rules for project evaluation and the determination of consumption, production, and trade taxes under a variety of restrictions (e.g., less than 100 percent profit taxes, government budget constraint, foreign exchange constraint) are derived. Among the results are (a) international prices should be used for evaluating public projects, unless there is a government budgetary constraint or there is a quota (this result does not require that tariff rates be optimally chosen); (b) no tariff should be levied on intermediates and only consumption taxes should be employed if there are 100 percent profit taxes. If profits are not taxed at 100 percent, both consumption and trade taxes should be employed.
Looking for emergency contraception online : analysis of internet search patterns and website content
Creators: name: Elliott, Miranda Claire Davies
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Background: Emergency contraception (EC) effectively reduces the risk of pregnancy following unprotected or under-protected sexual intercourse. EC has recently become available without a prescription in Canada and the USA in order to improve its availability and use, especially by young women. At the same time, the Internet is increasingly relied on as a source for health information, and Internet use is now nearly universal in younger age groups. Nevertheless, how people use the web to look for information about EC, and the qualities of information they find, are not well understood. The objectives of this thesis were to: (1) investigate the change in Internet search patterns for EC-related search terms in Canada and the USA over time and through shifts in EC-related policy and (2) assess the qualities (e.g., credibility, readability) and source (e.g., financial affiliations) of web-based information available about EC. Methods: The impact of policy changes in Canada and the USA on Internet search volume was estimated using interrupted time series analysis for two search terms:“morning after pill” and “Plan B”. Quality ratings and readability scores were generated for the ten most frequently found websites in Canada and the USA. Results: Policy changes making EC available without a prescription in Canada and the USA appear to have had an impact on information-seeking patterns online for EC-related search terms. The university-based website ec.princeton.edu and Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org) were found frequently in searches for EC-related search terms in both countries. The website sponsored by the makers of Plan B®, www.planb.ca, was found most frequently in Canadian searches. All websites achieved fair to medium ratings in a systematic quality assessment, and 14 (83%) of websites had a reading grade level higher than the reading grade levels recommended for written health information. Discussion: Regulatory changes making EC available without a prescription appear to have affected the frequency with which people look online for information about EC. Public health agencies may want to improve the quality, readability and prominence of their web pages in online searches for EC-related search terms to ensure easy and convenient access to comprehensible, unbiased, and high quality web-based materials.
Substance use and misuse in the aftermath of terrorism: A Bayesian meta-analysis
Creators: name: DiMaggio, Charles J.
name: Galea, Sandro
name: Li, Guohua
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Aim  To conduct a comprehensive analysis of the conflicting evidence on substance use and misuse following mass traumas such as terrorist incidents. Methods  We reviewed and synthesized evidence from 31 population-based studies using Bayesian meta-analysis and meta-regression. Results  The majority of the studied were conducted in the aftermath of the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001. Controlling for exposure, type of incident and time since the event occurred, 7.3% [95% credible interval (CrI) 1.1-32.5%] of a population can be expected to report increased alcohol consumption in the first 2 years following a terrorist event. There is, however, a 20% probability that the prevalence will be as high as 14%. The unadjusted prevalence of increased cigarette smoking following a terrorist event is 6.8% (95% Cr I 2.6-16.5%). Unadjusted reports of mixed drug use (including narcotics and prescription medications) was 16.3% (95% Cr I 1.3-72.5%). Conclusions  These results underscore the potentially pervasive behavioral health effects of mass terrorism, and suggest that public health interventions may usefully consider substance use as an area of focus after such events.
Lattice dynamics reveals a local symmetry breaking in the emergent dipole phase of PbTe
Creators: name: Jensen, Kirsten M. Ø.
name: Božin, Emil S.
name: Malliakas, Christos D.
name: Stone, Matthew B.
name: Lumsden, Mark D.
name: Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.
name: Shapiro, Stephen M.
name: Billinge, Simon J. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Local symmetry breaking in complex materials is emerging as an important contributor to materials properties but is inherently difficult to study. Here we follow up an earlier structural observation of such a local symmetry broken phase in the technologically important compound PbTe with a study of the lattice dynamics using inelastic neutron scattering (INS). We show that the lattice dynamics are responsive to the local symmetry broken phase, giving key insights in the behavior of PbTe, but also revealing INS as a powerful tool for studying local structure. The new result is the observation of the unexpected appearance on warming of a new zone center phonon branch in PbTe. In a harmonic solid the number of phonon branches is strictly determined by the contents and symmetry of the unit cell. The appearance of the new mode indicates a crossover to a dynamic lower symmetry structure with increasing temperature. No structural transition is seen crystallographically but the appearance of the new mode in inelastic neutron scattering coincides with the observation of local Pb off-centering dipoles observed in the local structure. The observation resembles relaxor ferroelectricity but since there are no inhomogeneous dopants in pure PbTe this anomalous behavior is an intrinsic response of the system. We call such an appearance of dipoles out of a non-dipolar ground-state "emphanisis" meaning the appearance out of nothing. It cannot be explained within the framework of conventional phase transition theories such as soft-mode theory and challenges our basic understanding of the physics of materials.
title: Pediatric viral encephalitis - Guide for diagnosing typical and atypical cases
Creators: name: Rajasekaran, Janani
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Infection
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: MR
subject: Paediatric
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: CNS
subject: Neuro

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: This article highlights the common causes, imaging features and pathogenesis of viral...
Management of dzud risk in Mongolia: mutual aid and institutional interventions
Creators: name: Thrift, Eric D.
name: Ichinkhorloo, Byambabaatar
name: Action, Nutag
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2015
Subjects: pastoralism
Mongolia
dzud
mutual aid

description: Includes bibliographical references.
description: Presented at the Building resilience of Mongolian rangelands: a trans-disciplinary research conference held on June 9-10, 2015 in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
description: Heavy livestock losses from severe winter conditions (dzud) in Mongolia in recent years have prompted a variety of interventions by government and development agencies, aiming to reduce herders' vulnerability to severe weather and other climate factors. Unfortunately, many of these interventions have not systematically diminished risk to herders. In this paper we identify several strategies deployed by herders for managing dzud risks and impacts through informal mutual aid networks. We contrast these strategies to interventions taken by international donor agencies operating in Mongolia, which have largely focused on the household as an independent socio-economic unit. We conclude that risk mitigation can be improved through recognition of informal mutual aid networks, and through support to mutual aid institutions.
Alternative Theories of Wage Determination and Unemployment in LDC's: The Labor Turnover Model
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1974
Subjects: Economics

description: I. Introduction, 194.--II. The model, 196.--III. The market equilibrium, 205.--IV. Optimal allocation of labor and determination of urban wage level, 207.--V. Wage subsidies, 214.--VI. Wages and shadow price of labor in the public sector, 218.--VII. Urban income taxes, 220.--VIII. Concluding comments and summary, 222.--Appendix: "nominal" and "expected" urban wages and the unemployment rate, 223.
A Retrospective Cohort Study of the Association of Anesthesia and Hernia Repair Surgery With Behavioral and Developmental Disorders in Young Children
Creators: name: DiMaggio, Charles J.
name: Sun, Lena S. Y.
name: Kakavouli, Athina
name: Byrne, Mary W.
name: Li, Guohua
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Surgery
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Recent animal studies have shown that commonly used anesthetic agents may have serious neurotoxic effects on the developing brain. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between surgery for hernia repair and the risk of behavioral and developmental disorders in young children. We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of children who were enrollees of the New York State Medicaid program. Our analysis involved following a birth cohort of 383 children who underwent inguinal hernia repair during the first 3 years of life, and a sample of 5050 children frequency-matched on age with no history of hernia-repair before age 3. After controlling for age, sex, and complicating birth-related conditions such as low birth weight, children who underwent hernia repair under 3 years of age were more than twice as likely as children in the comparison group to be subsequently diagnosed with a developmental or behavioral disorder (adjusted hazard ratio 2.3, 95% confidence interval 1.3, 4.1). Our findings add to recent evidence of the potential association of surgery and its concurrent exposure to anesthetic agents with neurotoxicity and underscore the need for more rigorous clinical research on the long-term effects of surgery and anesthesia in children.
Early Childhood Exposure to Anesthesia and Risk of Developmental and Behavioral Disorders in a Sibling Birth Cohort
Creators: name: DiMaggio, Charles J.
name: Sun, Lena S. Y.
name: Li, Guohua
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Surgery
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Background: In vitro and in vivo studies of anesthetics have demonstrated serious neurotoxic effects on the developing brain. However, the clinical relevance of these findings to children undergoing anesthesia remains unclear. Using data from a sibling birth cohort, we assessed the association between exposure to anesthesia in the setting of surgery in patients younger than 3 years and the risk of developmental and behavioral disorders. Methods: We constructed a retrospective cohort of 10,450 siblings who were born between 1999 and 2005 and who were enrolled in the New York State Medicaid program. The exposed group was 304 children without a history of developmental or behavioral disorders who underwent surgery when they were younger than 3 years. The unexposed group was 10,146 children who did not receive any surgical procedures when they were younger than 3 years. Exposed children were entered into analysis at the date of surgery. Unexposed children were entered into analysis at age 10 months (the mean age at which exposed children underwent surgery). Both exposed and unexposed children were followed until diagnosis with a developmental or behavioral disorder, loss to follow-up, or the end of 2005. The association of exposure to anesthesia with subsequent developmental and behavioral disorders was assessed with both proportional hazards modeling, and pair-matched analysis. Results: The incidence of developmental and behavioral disorders was 128.2 diagnoses per 1000 person-years for the exposed cohort and 56.3 diagnoses per 1000 person-years for the unexposed cohort. With adjustment for sex and history of birth-related medical complications, and clustering by sibling status, the estimated hazard ratio of developmental or behavioral disorders associated with any exposure to anesthesia when they were younger than 3 years was 1.6 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4, 1.8). The risk increased from 1.1 (95% CI: 0.8, 1.4) for 1 operation to 2.9 (94% CI: 2.5, 3.1) for 2 operations and 4.0 (95% CI: 3.5, 4.5) for ≥3 operations. The relative risk in a matched analysis of 138 sibling pairs was 0.9 (95% CI: 0.6, 1.4). Conclusion: The risk of being subsequently diagnosed with developmental and behavioral disorders in children who were enrolled in a state Medicaid program and who had surgery when they were younger than 3 years was 60% greater than that of a similar group of siblings who did not undergo surgery. More tightly matched pairwise analyses indicate that the extent to which the excess risk is causally attributable to anesthesia or mediated by unmeasured factors remains to be determined.
title: Urgent MRI in non-traumatic spinal emergencies
Creators: name: Koren, Laura
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neuro
subject: Emergency
subject: Neuroradiology spine
subject: MR
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Acute
subject: Hernia
subject: Ischaemia / Infarction
subject: Not applicable

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: to review causes of acute non-traumatic acute spinal cord syndrome to classify them into three categories based on anatomy to propose a diagnostic...
title: Multimodal image analysis of patellofemoral syndrome
Creators: name: Llano Sierra, Alejandro
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Dysplasias
subject: Developmental disease
subject: Arthritides
subject: Treatment effects
subject: MR
subject: Digital radiography
subject: CT
subject: Musculoskeletal joint
subject: Extremities
subject: Bones
subject: Musculoskeletal
subject: Not applicable

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To present in a friendly, practical and updated manner, through an anatomical and biomechanical approach, the imaging elements, measurements and directions that the everyday radiologist has to perform to allow a complete diagnosis and treatment of...
Analysis of the androgen regulated transcriptome in prostate cancer
Creators: name: Lehman, Melanie Lynne
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers diagnosed and the second leading cause of cancer related death in North American men. The prostate is dependent on male-sex hormones (androgens) for differentiation and growth. Prostate cancer derived from prostatic epithelial cells is likewise dependent on androgens for survival. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) through pharmacological methods is currently the most effective treatment for disease no longer localized to the prostate gland. ADT offers a temporary remission, but only delays disease progression as the cancer cells adapt to survive and proliferate in castrate levels of circulating androgens. There is mounting evidence to suggest that intratumoral androgens acting through the androgen receptor (AR) continue to play a critical role in castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) progression. Recent advances in RNA profiling technologies are revealing a more complex picture of the human transcriptome. Alternative splice variants of protein-coding mRNAs and nonprotein- coding regulatory RNAs (ncRNA) were identified in this research that are expressed in prostate and prostate cancer cells. A custom 180K microarray was designed to profile the expression of the identified prostate RNAs, ncRNAs, and other reference RNAs. The custom microarray was used to profile expression after treatment in vitro with androgens and anti-androgens in the LNCaP prostate cancer cell line. The expression of the identified androgen regulated RNAs were examined in vivo after castration and during progression to CRPC in LNCaP xenograft tumors. The research presented is an integrative analysis of in vitro and in vivo expression profiles with ARDNA interactions detected by AR ChIP-seq and microRNAs detected by small RNA sequencing. The integrated expression profiles suggest a different androgen regulated transcriptional program in CRPC from that seen in treatment naive tumors. Several unexpected findings were revealed including a cell cycle related difference between synthetic androgen, R1881, and physiological androgen, DHT; RNAs increased by the anti-androgen, MDV3100, and not bicalutamide; and the use of alternative 3‟ UTRs following castration in the in vivo model. The identified reference and novel androgen regulated RNAs may inform on the mechanism underlying androgen deprivation therapy, anti-androgen response, and the progression to CRPC.
Additional file 1 of Change of vitamin D status and all-cause mortality among Chinese older adults: a population-based cohort study
Creators: name: Zeng, Jing
name: Li, Ting
name: Sun, Banruo
name: Miao, Xinyu
name: Wang, Lin
name: Ma, Li-chao
name: Li, Nan
name: Gong, Yanping
name: He, Yao
name: Li, Chunlin
name: Liu, Miao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Science Policy
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Roadway Characteristics and Pediatric Pedestrian Injury
Creators: name: DiMaggio, Charles J.
name: Li, Guohua
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Transportation--Planning
subject: Public health

description: Changing the built environment is a sound, but often underutilized approach to injury control. The authors reviewed the literature and conducted a meta-analysis to synthesize the evidence on the association of roadway characteristics with risk of pediatric pedestrian injury. To synthesize the data, they converted results to odds ratios based on direct results or abstracted outcomes and used Bayesian meta-analytic approaches by modeling outcomes as the logit of a normally distributed set of outcomes with vague prior distributions for the central measure of effect and its variance. On the basis of 10 studies of roadway features restricted exclusively to pediatric populations, the synthesized effect estimate for the association of roadway characteristics with pedestrian injury risk was 2.5 (95% credible interval: 1.8, 3.2). The probability of a new study showing an association between the built roadway and pediatric pedestrian injury was nearly 100%. The authors concluded that the built environment is directly related to the risk of pedestrian injury. This review and meta-analysis suggests that even modest interventions to the built roadway environment may result in meaningful reductions in the risk of pediatric pedestrian injury.
title: Alforfón :
title: Directrices para la ejecución del examen de la distinción, la homogeneidad y la estabilidad.
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: International Union For The Protection Of New Varieties Of Plants,
Publisher: name: International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants,
Year: 0
Subjects: Plants
New Varieties of Plants
Buckwheat

description: La finalidad de estas directrices (“directrices de examen”) es elaborar los principios que figuran en la Introducción General (documento TG/1/3) y sus documentos TGP conexos, con objeto de que sirvan de orientación práctica y detallada para el examen armonizado de la distinción, homogeneidad y estabilidad (DHE) y en particular, para identificar los caracteres apropiados para el examen DHE y producir descripciones armonizadas de variedades.
The trans-Planckian problem as a guiding principle
Creators: name: Barbado, Luis C.
name: Barceló, Carlos
name: Garay, Luis J.
name: Jannes, Gil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the avoidance of the trans-Planckian problem of Hawking radiation as a guiding principle in searching for a compelling scenario for the evaporation of black holes or black-hole-like objects. We argue that there exist only three possible scenarios, depending on whether the classical notion of long-lived horizon is preserved by high-energy physics and on whether the dark and compact astrophysical objects that we observe have long-lived horizons in the first place. Along the way, we find that (i) a theory with high-energy superluminal signalling and a long-lived trapping horizon would be extremely unstable in astrophysical terms and that (ii) stellar pulsations of objects hovering right outside but extremely close to their gravitational radius can result in a mechanism for Hawking-like emission.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures. v2: minor clarifications. Published version
Transcribing Multi-Instrument Polyphonic Music With Hierarchical Eigeninstruments
Creators: name: Grindlay, Graham C.
name: Ellis, Daniel P. W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Electrical engineering
Artificial intelligence

description: This paper presents a general probabilistic model for transcribing single-channel music recordings containing multiple polyphonic instrument sources. The system requires no prior knowledge of the instruments present in the mixture (other than the number), although it can benefit from information about instrument type if available. In contrast to many existing polyphonic transcription systems, our approach explicitly models the individual instruments and is thereby able to assign detected notes to their respective sources. We use training instruments to learn a set of linear manifolds in model parameter space which are then used during transcription to constrain the properties of models fit to the target mixture. This leads to a hierarchical mixture-of-subspaces design which makes it possible to supply the system with prior knowledge at different levels of abstraction. The proposed technique is evaluated on both recorded and synthesized mixtures containing two, three, four, and five instruments each. We compare our approach in terms of transcription with (i.e., detected pitches must be associated with the correct instrument) and without source-assignment to another multi-instrument transcription system as well as a baseline non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) algorithm. For two-instrument mixtures evaluated with source-assignment, we obtain average frame-level F-measures of up to 0.52 in the completely blind transcription setting (i.e., no prior knowledge of the instruments in the mixture) and up to 0.67 if we assume knowledge of the basic instrument types. For transcription without source assignment, these numbers rise to 0.76 and 0.83, respectively.
Additional file 1 of Comparison of functional disabilities, place of death and end-of-life medical expenditures among centenarians and non-centenarians in China: a series of cross-sectional studies
Creators: name: Li, Zhong
name: Ding, Ziqin
name: Zhao, Panpan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Appendix Table 1. Summary statistics of the included Chinese longitudinal health longevity survey samples by survey wave. Appendix Table 2. Differences in disability in ADLs by age group (N=23336). Appendix Table 3. Differences in death in the hospitals by age group (N=23336). Appendix Table 4. Marginal differences in the EOL medical expenditure during the last year of Life by age group (N=23336). Appendix Table 5. Comparison of basic characteristics between oldest-old reported and not reported outcome variables data
Field-induced Magnetic Transition in Cobalt-Ferrite
Creators: name: Kriegisch, Martin
name: Ren, Weijun
name: Sato-Turtelli, Reiko
name: Müller, Herbert
name: Grössinger, Roland
name: Zhang, Zhidong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present magnetostriction and magnetization measurements of a cobalt ferrite Co0.8Fe2.2O4 single crystal. We observe unusual behaviour in the magnetic hard axis of the single crystal which manifests in a jump of the magnetization curve at a critical field. This first order magnetization process (FOMP) which is explained as an anisotropy driven transition is visible at temperatures lower than 150 K. By analyzing the anisotropy constants we found that the higher order anisotropy constant K2 dominates the anisotropy energy. In the magnetostriction measurements the FOMP is clearly visible as a huge jump in the [111] direction, which can be explained by means of a geometric model.
description: This Paper is already accepted for the conference proceedings of the MMM 2011 (http://www.magnetism.org). The proceedings will be published in April 2012 in Journal of Applied Physics
title: Indications of ultrasound guided vacuum assisted breast biopsy: our experience and future perspectives.
Creators: name: Garkalne, Ieva
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Cancer
subject: Vacuum assisted biopsy
subject: Biopsy
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Breast

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: 1. Describe the procedure of ultrasound guided vacuum assisted breast biopsy (US-VABB). 2. Identify the indications of US-VABB. 3. Review of the literature: can US-VABB be used to resect the lesion or replace surgical excision...
Unitarity versus Renormalizability of Higher Derivative Gravity in 3D
Creators: name: Muneyuki, Kenji
name: Ohta, Nobuyoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been suggested that new massive gravity with higher order terms in the curvature may be renormalizable and thus a candidate for renormalizable quantum gravity. We show that three-dimensional gravity that contains quadratic scalar curvature and Ricci tensor is renormalizable, but those theories with special relation between their coefficients including new massive gravity are not.
description: 9 pages. v2: title changed, minor modification. v3: minor corrections to match the published version
Transverse Ising Model: Markovian evolution of classical and quantum correlations under decoherence
Creators: name: Pal, Amit Kumar
name: Bose, Indrani
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The transverse Ising Model (TIM) in one dimension is the simplest model which exhibits a quantum phase transition (QPT). Quantities related to quantum information theoretic measures like entanglement, quantum discord (QD) and fidelity are known to provide signatures of QPTs. The issue is less well explored when the quantum system is subjected to decoherence due to its interaction, represented by a quantum channel, with an environment. In this paper we study the dynamics of the mutual information $I(ρ_{AB})$, the classical correlations $C(ρ_{AB})$ and the quantum correlations $Q(ρ_{AB})$, as measured by the QD, in a two-qubit state the density matrix of which is the reduced density matrix obtained from the ground state of the TIM in 1d. The time evolution brought about by system-environment interactions is assumed to be Markovian in nature and the quantum channels considered are amplitude damping, bit-flip, phase-flip and bit-phase-flip. Each quantum channel is shown to be distinguished by a specific type of dynamics. In the case of the phase-flip channel, there is a finite time interval in which the quantum correlations are larger in magnitude than the classical correlations. For this channel as well as the bit-phase-flip channel, appropriate quantities associated with the dynamics of the correlations can be derived which signal the occurrence of a QPT.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures, revtex4-1, version accepted for publication in Eur. Phys. J. B
Resilience, values and ecosystem services: innovations in rangeland governance
Creators: name: Upton, Caroline
name: Dulmaa, D.
name: Nyamaa, N.
name: Action, Nutag
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2015
Subjects: values
ecosystem services
livelihoods
biodiversity
governance

description: Includes bibliographical references.
description: Presented at the Building resilience of Mongolian rangelands: a trans-disciplinary research conference held on June 9-10, 2015 in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
description: Mongolia's socio-ecological rangeland systems face a number of critical, contemporary challenges. Climatic change, persistent poverty and growing land use conflicts, especially around mining, pose complex problems both for herders and policy-makers. Furthermore, there is renewed emphasis on meeting Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and Aichi targets, following the publication of Mongolia's 5th National CBD report in March 2014, and the development of a new National Biodiversity Strategic Action Plan. (E)valuation of the contributions of rangeland ecosystem services (ES) to biodiversity and livelihoods/wellbeing are highlighted as priorities for future planning therein. ES thinking, valuation and commodification are becoming increasingly influential in other contemporary policy initiatives, not least through the development of the national REDD+ roadmap, Business and Biodiversity offset programmes and Government commitments to the ‘Green Economy'. Nonetheless critical questions remain about the ES paradigm itself, values/ valuation of ES and how these may be enacted and supported through policy. Here we report on a three year Darwin-Initiative funded project, which aimed to ‘generate policy and practice relevant knowledge of values of ecosystem services (ES) in Mongolia, and test the efficacy of Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) schemes, in order to enhance biodiversity and livelihoods'. Aims were realised through i) participatory mapping and analysis of ES, including cultural ES, with 300 herder households across four case study sites, and the development of innovative methods for non-economic valuation; ii) co-development and implementation of a novel rangeland payment for ES (PES) scheme at the four sites, through the Plan Vivo standard; iii) analysis of the impacts ES and of the PES scheme on biodiversity and livelihoods. Methods used included deliberative valuation approaches, mapping, ranking and choice modelling to examine group and individual values and trade-offs between ES across ecologically contrasting areas. We also applied the SOLVES (Social Values of ES) GIS model to highlight spatial, place-specific dimensions of ES values, as part of a series of wider biodiversity, livelihoods and ES assessments. Results highlight spatial and temporal diversities in ES values, importance of cultural ES for wellbeing, and the potential of carefully designed PES schemes to contribute to more resilient socio-ecological rangeland systems in the future.
Power and Pressure: African Media and the Extractive Sector
Creators: name: Schiffrin, Anya M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Journalism
Africans

description: This article argues that one of the reasons for the poor performance of African journalism is the difficult conditions under which African journalists work. This has naturally affected their reporting. Underpaid, poorly trained and working under both political and commercial pressures, many African journalists suffer from the devaluing of their profession, which has left them vulnerable and isolated. Improving the quality of media in Africa requires an understanding of both the importance of a well-functioning media and the reasons for its failure. Therefore, this paper begins with an examination of the link between the role of the media and economic development, followed by an articulation of the key challenges facing journalists in Africa today. These challenges are illustrated through a case study of African coverage of the extractive sector.
title: Neuroimaging of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: illustrative cases and literature review
Creators: name: Raicevic, Danic
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neuro
subject: CNS
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: MR-Angiography
subject: Education
subject: eLearning
subject: Embolism / Thrombosis
subject: Ischaemia / Infarction
subject: Not applicable
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Toreview causes, clinical presentation and CT and MRI imaging features of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) Toreview findings on routine imaging for which a radiologist should consider a diagnosis of CVT in the absence of apparent clinical...
title: Dialysis Access Arteriovenous fistulas – complications and management through interventional radiology techniques
Creators: name: Bursupalle, Mahesh
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fistula
subject: Embolism / Thrombosis
subject: Thrombolysis
subject: Complications
subject: Angioplasty
subject: Percutaneous
subject: Catheter venography
subject: Veins / Vena cava
subject: Interventional vascular
subject: Interventional Radiology
subject: Not applicable

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: •To know various types, complications of dialysis access AV fistulas •To know the management through interventional radiology techniques and other...
title: Planning an agent-based network for livestock production and meat distribution in Mongolia
title: Planning a multi-agent network for livestock production and meat distribution in Mongolia
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Yan, Wanglin
name: Oba, Aikihiro
name: Balt, Suvdantsetseg
name: Action, Nutag
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2015
Subjects: food security
agent-based network
local development
meat freezing storage

description: Includes bibliographical references.
description: Presented at the Building resilience of Mongolian rangelands: a trans-disciplinary research conference held on June 9-10, 2015 in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
description: This paper reviews the problems of livestock production in Mongolia and proposes an agent-based meat distribution network composed of multiple players. Agents sell and buy products and services, equipped with intelligent capacity of knowledge and physical capacity of freezing meat stock, livestock, and forage stock. Local governments and communities are the key for enhancing food security. The network, as a whole, is green, clean and resilient to climatic and market disturbance.
Okounkov bodies of finitely generated divisors
Creators: name: Anderson, Dave
name: Küronya, Alex
name: Lozovanu, Victor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show that the Okounkov body of a big divisor with finitely generated section ring is a rational simplex, for an appropriate choice of flag; furthermore, when the ambient variety is a surface, the same holds for every big divisor. Under somewhat more restrictive hypotheses, we also show that the corresponding semigroup is finitely generated.
description: 9 pages; v2 includes a stronger result in the surface case
Intraday Periodic Volatility Curves
Creators: name: Andersen, Torben G.
name: Su, Tao
name: Todorov, Viktor
name: Zhang, Zhiyuan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: The volatility of financial asset returns displays pronounced variation over the trading day. Our goal is nonparametric inference for the average intraday volatility pattern, viewed as a function of time-of-day. The functional inference is based on a long span of high-frequency return data. Our setup allows for general forms of volatility dynamics, including time-variation in the intraday pattern. The estimation is based on forming local volatility estimates from the high-frequency returns over overlapping blocks of asymptotically shrinking size, and then averaging these estimates across days in the sample. The block-based estimation of volatility renders the error in the estimation due to the martingale return innovation asymptotically negligible. As a result, the centered and scaled calendar volatility effect estimator converges to a Gaussian process determined by the empirical process error associated with estimating average volatility across the trading day. Feasible inference is obtained by consistently estimating the limiting covariance operator. Simulation results corroborate our theoretical findings. In an application to S&P 500 futures data, we find evidence for a shift in the intraday volatility pattern over time, including a more pronounced role for volatility outside U.S. trading hours in the latter part of the sample.
Signal Processing for Music Analysis
Creators: name: Müller, Meinard
name: Ellis, Daniel P. W.
name: Klapuri, Anssi
name: Richard, Gaël
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Electrical engineering
Artificial intelligence

description: Music signal processing may appear to be the junior relation of the large and mature field of speech signal processing, not least because many techniques and representations originally developed for speech have been applied to music, often with good results. However, music signals possess specific acoustic and structural characteristics that distinguish them from spoken language or other nonmusical signals. This paper provides an overview of some signal analysis techniques that specifically address musical dimensions such as melody, harmony, rhythm, and timbre. We will examine how particular characteristics of music signals impact and determine these techniques, and we highlight a number of novel music analysis and retrieval tasks that such processing makes possible. Our goal is to demonstrate that, to be successful, music audio signal processing techniques must be informed by a deep and thorough insight into the nature of music itself.
Editors' intentions and authors' desires : how junbungaku affects the Akutagawa Prize and Japan's commercial literary world
Creators: name: El-Khoury, Masumi Abe
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: In this thesis I explore the current literary culture of Japan by examining the commercialization and politicization of junbungaku, “pure” literature. In particular, I focus on the most prominent award for new authors, the Akutagawa Prize, which is widely acknowledged as authoritative. My intention is to shed some useful light on the role of publishing company editors as the masterminds of the publishing industry. Chapter One provides an overview of issues surrounding junbungaku and taishū bungaku (“mass-oriented literature”). At present, junbungaku is defined in opposition to taishū bungaku, but ambiguities and boundary issues remain. This survey will enable us to identify the situations where the notion of junbungaku is defended as authoritative and how its relationship with the Akutagawa Prize increases its legitimacy. Chapter Two examines the origin and history of junbungaku, and discusses how the notion has changed over time. I also address questions such as what junbungaku is and how it can be defined, and uncover how junbungaku came under question as the Akutagawa Prize became more successful and began to overshadow junbungaku itself. The ultimate purpose of the Prize is to sell books and magazines; this affects not only literature but to some extent Japanese society as a whole. Chapter Three therefore deals with the Akutagawa Prize and junbungaku as a business. I examine the “Akutagawa Prize industry” led by the editors and Bungeishunju Ltd., including the nomination, selection, and announcement processes; distribution and sales; winning works; and judging. I analyze the process from the viewpoint of the publishing houses and editors. Finally, in the Conclusion I argue that the Akutagawa Prize endangers the very concept of pure literature by tying it to a commercial enterprise, compromising writers by making them dependent upon the financial goals of a corporation, which trains a reading public conditioned to accept the Prize as authoritative to receive the work in particular ways through the process of commercialization and commodification. As a result, “amateurization” is inevitable. I also examine the implications of this project for future research on Japanese literature and on the intersections of Japanese literary culture and commercial literary awards.
Non-adiabatic elimination of auxiliary modes in continuous quantum measurements
Creators: name: Yang, Huan
name: Miao, Haixing
name: Chen, Yanbei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When measuring a complex quantum system, we are often interested in only a few degrees of freedom-the plant, while the rest of them are collected as auxiliary modes-the bath. The bath can have finite memory (non-Markovian), and simply ignoring its dynamics, i.e., adiabatically eliminating it, will prevent us from predicting the true quantum behavior of the plant. We generalize the technique introduced by Strunz et. al. [Phys. Rev. Lett 82, 1801 (1999)], and develop a formalism that allows us to eliminate the bath non-adiabatically in continuous quantum measurements, and obtain a non-Markovian stochastic master equation for the plant which we focus on. We apply this formalism to three interesting examples relevant to current experiments.
description: a revised version
Exploitation of New Functional Lactic Acid Bacteria Culture for Target Traditional Foods (Filing Patent)
Creators: name: Achemchem, F.
name: Valero, A.
name: Boudhrioua, N.
name: Gonzales-Barron, U.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Artisanal fermented products have been identified as reservoirs of LAB with high potential and an already well-suited level of adaptation to the physicochemical product conditions. In this sense, the goat dairy products from Portugal, Tunisia and Morocco, the Spanish salchichón and the Moroccan Merguez have been specifically pointed out as sources of interest for exploitation purpose, simultaneously helping to reinforce the quality value of these products in our regions. A university-based spin-off was founded in Morocco as a result of the functional microorganisms characterised during the implementation of the ArtiSaneFood project