cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Submillimetre galaxies in a hierarchical universe: number counts, redshift distribution, and implications for the IMF
Creators: name: Hayward, Christopher C.
name: Narayanan, Desika
name: Kereš, Dušan
name: Jonsson, Patrik
name: Hopkins, Philip F.
name: Cox, T. J.
name: Hernquist, Lars
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-redshift submillimetre galaxies (SMGs) are some of the most rapidly star-forming galaxies in the Universe. Historically, galaxy formation models have had difficulty explaining the observed number counts of SMGs. We combine a semi-empirical model with 3-D hydrodynamical simulations and 3-D dust radiative transfer to predict the number counts of unlensed SMGs. Because the stellar mass functions, gas and dust masses, and sizes of our galaxies are constrained to match observations, we can isolate uncertainties related to the dynamical evolution of galaxy mergers and the dust radiative transfer. The number counts and redshift distributions predicted by our model agree well with observations. Isolated disc galaxies dominate the faint (S_1.1 < ~1 mJy, or S_850 < ~2 mJy) population. The brighter sources are a mix of merger-induced starbursts and galaxy-pair SMGs; the latter subpopulation accounts for ~30 - 50 per cent of all SMGs at all S_1.1 > ~0.5 mJy (S_850 > ~1 mJy). The mean redshifts are ~3.0 - 3.5, depending on the flux cut, and the brightest sources tend to be at higher redshifts. Because the galaxy-pair SMGs will be resolved into multiple fainter sources by ALMA, the bright ALMA counts should be as much as 2 times less than those observed using single-dish telescopes. The agreement between our model, which uses a Kroupa IMF, and observations suggests that the IMF in high-redshifts starbursts need not be top-heavy; if the IMF were top-heavy, our model would over-predict the number counts. We conclude that the difficulty some models have reproducing the observed SMG counts is likely indicative of more general problems -- such as an under-prediction of the abundance of massive galaxies or a star formation rate--stellar mass relation normalisation lower than that observed -- rather than a problem specific to the SMG population.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Insignificant changes from the previous version
Effect of the gut environment on the homeostasis and function of the enteric nervous system
Creators: name: Bon Frauches Oliveira, Ana
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: The gastrointestinal (GI) tract performs essential functions that maintain health and homeostasis of organisms. A complex set of tissues of distinct embryological origin (such as epithelial cells and the local immune and nervous systems) interact continuously in order to maintain a functional equilibrium and normal physiology which is constantly threatened by multiple and sometimes severe challenges originating within the wall or the lumen of the gut. The enteric nervous system (ENS) is composed of an intricate and complex network of enteric glial cells (EGCs) and neurons localised into different compartments within the intestinal wall. These cells are involved in controlling virtually all aspects of GI function, including intestinal peristalsis. Due to its positioning at the interface between the internal and external milieu of the body, the ENS shares the same intestinal environment with the highly active immune system and the rich and diverse communities of microbiota and therefore is expected to be influenced by immune responses and microbial dynamics. However, the methodology to study these questions and consequently our understanding of neuro-immune-microbe interactions in the mammalian gut is limited. In this thesis, we examined the effects of the intestinal environment, such as microbiota and adaptive immune system on the homeostasis and function of the ENS in adult animals. We have successfully generated a robust technology to isolate and investigate the molecular profile of enteric neurons from the adult gut, in addition to an in vitro system that allows the establishment and maintenance of the adult EGCs. Moreover, by using germ-free (GF) and inflammation mouse models, our experiments demonstrated that subtle changes in the intestinal environment are enough to alter the normal physiology of the ENS. Furthermore, we found that the adaptive immune system is crucial for maintaining the integrity and functional equilibrium of the ENS. Together, our data suggest that the balance between microbiota and adaptive immune system regulates the organisation and homeostasis of the ENS.
Καμπύλες τρωτότητας συστημάτων εδάφους-πασσαλοθεμελίωσης-κατασκευής
Creators: name: Taisia, Loseva Mikhail
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2023
Subjects: Ομάδα πασσάλων
Αλληλεπίδραση εδάφους-κατασκευής
Καμπύλες τρωτότητας
Group pile
Soil-structure interaction
Fragility curves

description: Το αντικείμενο μελέτης είναι ο υπολογισμός των καμπύλων τρωτότητας για σύστημα εδάφους – πασσαλοθεμελίωσης – κατασκευής. Αρχικά υπολογίζονται οι δείκτες εμπέδησης του μεμονωμένου πασσάλου, ακολουθεί έπειτα ο υπολογισμός των συντελεστών αλληλεπίδρασης και στο τέλος προκύπτουν οι συντελεστές δυσκαμψίας και απόσβεσης για τις ομάδες πασσάλων. Για τις σεισμικές καταγραφές στο έδαφος εφαρμόζεται η δυναμική επαυξητική ανάλυση με αποτέλεσμα την σεισμική κίνηση στην επιφάνεια. Τέλος γίνεται προσομοίωση ενός διώροφου πλαισίου με τους δείκτες δυσκαμψίας και απόσβεσης και εισάγεται η σεισμική κίνηση σε επιφάνεια. Τα αποτέλεσματα της προσομοίωσης του συστήματος εδάφους – πασσαλοθεμελίωσης – κατασκευής συκρίνονται ως προς την σχετική μετατόπιση ορόφων στο πλαίσιο και παρουσιάζονται σε μορφή καμπυλών τρωτότητας.
description: The subject of the study is the calculation of the fragility curves for a soil - pile foundation - construction system. First the impedance function of the individual pile are calculated, then the interaction coefficients are calculated and finally the stiffness and damping coefficients for the groups of piles are derived. For the seismic recordings on the ground, the dynamic incremental analysis is applied, resulting in the seismic excitation on the surface. Finally, a two-story frame is simulated with the stiffness and damping functions and the seismic excitation on the surface is introduced. The results of the simulation of the soil-piling-foundation-structure system are compared in terms of the relative displacement of floors in the frame and presented in the form of fragility curves.
Long range order in gauge theories. Deformed QCD as a toy model
Creators: name: Thomas, Evan
name: Zhitnitsky, Ariel R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a number of different ingredients, related to long range order observed in lattice QCD simulations, using a simple "deformed QCD" model. This model is a weakly coupled gauge theory, which however has all the relevant crucial elements allowing us to study difficult and nontrivial problems which are known to be present in real strongly coupled QCD. In the present study, we want to understand the physics of long range order in form of coherent low dimensional vacuum configurations observed in Monte Carlo lattice simulations. We demonstrate the presence of double-layer domain wall structures in the deformed QCD, and study their interaction with localized topological monopoles. Furthermore, we show that there is in fact an attractive interaction between the two, such that the monopole favors a position within the domain wall.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
Void formation in diffusive lattice gases
Creators: name: Krapivsky, P. L.
name: Meerson, Baruch
name: Sasorov, Pavel V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: What is the probability that a macroscopic void will spontaneously arise, at a specified time T, in an initially homogeneous gas? We address this question for diffusive lattice gases, and also determine the most probable density history leading to the void formation. We employ the macroscopic fluctuation theory by Bertini et al and consider both annealed and quenched averaging procedures (the initial condition is allowed to fluctuate in the annealed setting). We show that in the annealed case the void formation probability is given by the equilibrium Boltzmann-Gibbs formula, so the probability is independent of T (and also of the void shape, as only the volume matters). In the quenched case, which is intrinsically non-equilibrium, we evaluate the void formation probability analytically for non-interacting random walkers and probe it numerically for the simple symmetric exclusion process. For voids that are small compared with the diffusion length, the equilibrium result for the void formation probability is recovered. We also re-derive our main results for non-interacting random walkers from an exact microscopic analysis.
description: 23 pages, 7 figures
title: DigiPal: Cross-Cultural & Interlingual Mobile Interaction for Children
Creators: name: Lamichhane, Dev Raj
Publisher: name: University of Central Lancashire
Year: 2023

description: This thesis contributes research and analysis towards, and the design and development of, a Digital Pen pal application (DigiPal) for children from two different countries and languages. Children from a developed and a developing country came together and participated in multiple studies for the design of the app with their ideas and input both matching and differing. Feedback and thoughts provided by them contributed to the design of the app and towards a generalised model for similar applications. DigiPal required a translation system to be integrated into the App so that the children could talk in their own language which not only makes sure they can talk confidently, but also contributes to preserve local languages. Google translate was the option which was used in this case following a study that assured its effectiveness. Accuracy was relatively low but higher levels of Understandability gave some hope to advocate the possibility of use of Google translate as a translator and most importantly as a facilitator of cross-cultural chat. A real time letter exchange activity, with children from Nepal and England was conducted. In a deep analysis of text entry errors and their impact on translation, and on other translation errors and their possible causes, findings show why and where Google translate struggled. However, children’s reaction to the translated letters, as well as analysis that shows how improving text entry correctness can support the translation software, shows that regardless of some error children could communicate and they enjoyed the activity overall. This work also contributes insights for design that are needed beyond translation to create an engaging and culturally level experience. Two separate studies were conducted to gather some culturally influenced attributes from the children. In one, children drew pictures to introduce themselves whereas in the second one they drew pictures of games they would like to have in an application like DigiPal. The thesis concludes with a generalisable model that can be used by other app developers to consider how to create culturally level products for children from different countries and with different languages.
Summary of a non-uniqueness problem of the covariant Dirac theory and of two solutions of it
Creators: name: Arminjon, Mayeul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a summary of: 1) the non-uniqueness problem of the Hamiltonian and energy operators associated, in any given coordinate system, with the generally-covariant Dirac equation; 2) two different ways to restrict the gauge freedom so as to solve that problem; 3) the application of these two ways to the case of a uniformly rotating reference frame in Minkowski spacetime: we find that a spin-rotation coupling term is there only with one of these two ways.
description: 16 pages in standard 12pt. v2: misprint fixed in Eq (20). Text of a talk given at the 14th International Conference on Geometry, Integrability and Quantization (Varna, Bulgaria, June 2012)
title: The Associations between Body Weight and Executive Function
Creators: name: Mullen, Montana Tiffaine
Publisher: name: University of Central Lancashire
Year: 2023

description: Executive functions are high level cognitive mechanisms that manage everyday thinking and behaviour. Miyake et al’s (2000) model separates executive function into three fundamental elements: shifting, inhibition and updating. Initially, a Systematic Review examined twenty-two papers. Most studies reported poorer executive function in obese individuals in clinical settings but there was a lack of work in community populations. Study One examined the relationship between executive function and weight in 315 community–based individuals who completed a cognitive test battery testing shifting (Local-Global task), inhibition (Stroop task), updating (Keep-Track task), and a complex task (Random Number Generator). Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated according to standard World Health Organisation (WHO) criteria. Self-reported depression, demographic and clinical variables were obtained. Quantile regressions, ANOVA and correlations revealed clear differences between the BMI categories across the cognitive tests with underperformance on tests of inhibition, shifting and updating in both obese class III and underweight categories. Study Two examined the relationship between the performance-based cognitive tests employed in Study One and the self-report Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF-A), to aid understanding of how deficits may impact individuals in their everyday life. A separate cohort of 400 community participants were recruited. Using quantile regression analysis, Study One results were not fully replicated in Study Two. Some limited differences were noted, with overweight and obese individuals underperforming in updating tasks in comparison to normal weight and underweight individuals. No associations between the BRIEF-A and cognitive tests were observed. To conclude, there is some evidence to suggest that there is a link between weight and executive function but there were inconsistencies between the studies. The discussion highlights the need for further work to examine the reasons for these inconsistent effects.
Singlet-triplet conversion and the long-range proximity effect in superconductor-ferromagnet structures with generic spin dependent fields
Creators: name: Bergeret, F. S.
name: Tokatly, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The long-range proximity effect in superconductor/ferromagnet (S/F) hybrid nano-structures is observed if singlet Cooper pairs from the superconductor are converted into triplet pairs which can diffuse into the fer- romagnet over large distances. It is commonly believed that this happens only in the presence of magnetic inhomogeneities. We show that there are other sources of the long-range triplet component (LRTC) of the con- densate and establish general conditions for their occurrence. As a prototypical example we consider first a system where the exchange field and spin-orbit coupling can be treated as time and space components of an effective SU(2) potential. We derive a SU(2) covariant diffusive equation for the condensate and demonstrate that an effective SU(2) electric field is responsible for the long-range proximity effect. Finally, we extend our analysis to a generic ferromagnet and establish a universal condition for the LRTC. Our results open a new avenue in the search for such correlations in S/F structures and make a hitherto unknown connection between the LRTC and Yang-Mills electrostatics.
description: 5 pages; 1 Figure; updated file with new references
MassBank Europe - Progress Report 2020
Creators: name: Schulze, Tobias
name: Neumann, Steffen
name: Schymanski, Emma
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: MassBank
MassBank Europe
NFDI4chem
NORMAN Association

description: Presenation given a virtual Non-target screening CWG meeting of the NORMAN Association on 17 November 2020.
MassBank Europe - Progress Report 2020
Creators: name: Schulze, Tobias
name: Neumann, Steffen
name: Schymanski, Emma
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: MassBank
MassBank Europe
NFDI4chem
NORMAN Association
de.NBI

description: Presenation given a virtual Non-target screening CWG meeting of the NORMAN Association on 17 November 2020.
MEtop - a generator for single top production via FCNC interactions
Creators: name: Coimbra, Rita
name: Onofre, António
name: Santos, Rui
name: Won, Miguel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a generator for single top quark production via flavour-changing neutral currents. The MEtop event generator allows for Next-to-Leading-Order direct top production $pp \to t$ and Leading-Order production of several other single top processes. A few packages with definite sets of dimension six operators are available. We discuss how to improve the bounds on the effective operators and how well new physics can be probed with each set of independent dimension six operators.
description: 26 pages, 22 figures
Quantization of gauge fields, graph polynomials and graph cohomology
Creators: name: Kreimer, Dirk
name: Sars, Matthias
name: van Suijlekom, Walter D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review quantization of gauge fields using algebraic properties of 3-regular graphs. We derive the Feynman integrand at n loops for a non-abelian gauge theory quantized in a covariant gauge from scalar integrands for connected 3-regular graphs, obtained from the two Symanzik polynomials. The transition to the full gauge theory amplitude is obtained by the use of a third, new, graph polynomial, the corolla polynomial. This implies effectively a covariant quantization without ghosts, where all the relevant signs of the ghost sector are incorporated in a double complex furnished by the corolla polynomial -we call it cycle homology- and by graph homology.
description: 44p, many figures, to appear
MassBank Europe - Progress Report 2020
Creators: name: Schulze, Tobias
name: Neumann, Steffen
name: Schymanski, Emma
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: MassBank
MassBank Europe
NFDI4chem
NORMAN Association

description: Presenation given on a virtual non-target screening cross-working group meeting of the NORMAN Association on 17 November 2020.
Economic Interdependence, Political Cooperation, and International Conflict: The Case of China’s and Japan’s Relationship with the U.S.
Creators: name: Zhang, Jiarui
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2023

description: How does economic interdependence influence the occurrence and resolution of conflict between countries? This paper explores the impact of economic interdependence on conflict occurrence and resolution among major powers of varying strengths, selecting the cases of China, the U.S., and Japan. Despite close economic ties, political differences persist, leading to three hypotheses. Firstly, economic interdependence encourages political cooperation and reduces conflict, demonstrated through cases of the U.S.-Japan and Sino-U.S. relationships. Secondly, while not eliminating conflict entirely, economic interdependence discourages military interventions, as evident in trade disputes involving Sino-U.S. and U.S.-Japan relations. Lastly, the form of government moderates cooperation and conflict, explaining why economic interdependence fails to promote political harmony between China and the U.S., in contrast to Japan. This study hopes to contribute to existing literature by providing nuanced insights into the complex interplay of economic interdependence, political dynamics, and conflict resolution.
Healthcare professional’s promotional strategies in improving Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination uptake in adolescents: a systematic review
Creators: name: Sackey, Margaret
name: MARKEY, KATHLEEN
name: GREALISH, ANNMARIE
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 42
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Purpose: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination coverage remains suboptimal with a global vaccination rate ranging from 12 to 90%. This review examined the approaches used by healthcare professionals in improving the uptake of HPV vaccine and reducing vaccine misconceptions among adolescents. Methods: A systematic review of literature between 2007 and 2021 was conducted using five databases: CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Scopus and ASSIA. Studies that examined healthcare professional’s promotional strategies in improving the HPV vaccine uptake in adolescents were included. Two researchers independently reviewed study selection, data extraction, and study methodological quality. Results were analysed and synthesised using narrative synthesis. Results: Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies reported on effective approaches used by healthcare professionals to improve vaccine uptake including the use of multi-settings to target hard-to-reach vulnerable adolescents; consistently recommending the vaccine; and initiating the vaccine before the age of eleven. In addressing vaccine misconceptions, open-communication, motivational approaches, and sexual health education were effective strategies used. Conclusion: This review found that healthcare professionals need to be better informed and educated on HPV vaccine to reduce their own vaccine hesitancy. Uptake of HPV vaccine can be improved by adopting better communication, engagement, supportive information resources, and training for healthcare professionals.
Hyperscaling violation : a unified frame for effective holographic theories
Creators: name: Kim, Bom Soo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate systematic classifications of low energy and lower dimensional effective holographic theories with Lifshitz and Schrödinger scaling symmetries only using metrics in terms of hyperscaling violation ($θ$) and dynamical ($z$) exponents. Their consistent parameter spaces are constrained by null energy and positive specific heat conditions, whose validity is explicitly checked against a previously known result. From dimensional reductions of many microscopic string solutions, we observe the classifications are tied with the number of scales in the original microscopic theories. Conformal theories do not generate a nontrivial $θ$ for a simple sphere reduction. Theories with Lifshitz scaling with one scale are completely fixed by $θ$ and $z$, and have a universal emblackening factor at finite temperature. Dimensional reduction of intersecting M2-M5 requires, we call, spatial anisotropic exponents ($\sharp$), along with $z$=1, $θ$=0, because of another scale. Theories with Schrödinger scaling show similar simple classifications at zero temperature, while require more care due to an additional parameter being a thermodynamic variable at finite temperature.
description: 1+63 pages, 12 figures, v2 : typos corrected, published version
Asymptotic expressions of eigenvalues and fundamental solutions of a discontinuous fourth-order boundary value problem
Creators: name: Şen, Erdoğan
name: Araci, Serkan
name: Acikgoz, Mehmet
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34L20, 35R10

description: In the present paper, we deal with a fourth-order boundary value problem problem with eigenparameter dependent boundary conditions and transmission conditions at a interior point. A self-adjoint linear operator A is defined in a suitable Hilbert space H such that the eigenvalues of such a problem coincide with those of A. Following Mukhtarov and his students methods [2,4,6] we obtain asymptotic formulae for its eigenvalues and fundamental solutions. Our applications possess a number of interesting properties for studying in boundary value problems which we state in this paper.
description: 11 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1208.5395
Energia e Territorio: le Isole Minori fra transizione e nuove soluzioni per un cambio di paradigma in ambito energetico
Creators: name: Manzo, Eros
Publisher: name: Tracce urbane. Rivista italiana transdisciplinare di studi urbani
Year: 2023

description: Il presente lavoro vuole collegare il dibattito in atto sul paradigma post-crescita e sui progetti energetici locali alla difficile transizione energetica delle Isole Minori Italiane non-interconnesse. I sistemi energetici locali e su piccola scala possono avere il potenziale per ridurre il consumo di energia e di risorse e per promuovere processi di democrazia energetica, autosufficienza e produzione locale legati agli approcci che guardano oltre la crescita.
description: Tracce urbane. Rivista italiana transdisciplinare di studi urbani, V. 10 N. 14 (2023): Città e urbanistica oltre la crescita. Transizione verde: verso che cosa? Ecologia, economia e urbanistica tra Green Deal e paradigmi Post-Growth
Computer aided drug designing platform towards the enigma SARS-CoV-2 spike protein of COVID-19
Creators: name: , Miroslava
name: , Vasil
name: , Mahdi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: descriptors, chemometrics, docking, Spike, RBD, natural compounds

description: The emergence and rapid worldwide spread of the novel coronavirus disease, COVID-19, has prompted concerted efforts to find successful treatments. The causative virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) – a strain of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus. The discovery of new drugs that could target this complex efficiently would be a very long, multi-step, and expensive process as every other drug discovery. We propose a workflow of combined in silico, cheminformatics methods and Machine learning that will be used to predict and identify the novel drugs by screening from the available data which are deposit in chemical libraries consisting of FDA approved or test drugs, and as well the natural compound based on essential oils and available information in the literature sources to select compounds interacting with spike protein (PDB: 6VYB).
Collisional Excitation of the [CII] Fine Structure Transition in Interstellar Clouds
Creators: name: Goldsmith, Paul F.
name: Langer, William D.
name: Pineda, Jorge L.
name: Velusamy, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the collisional excitation of the 158 micron (1900.5 GHz) fine structure transition of ionized carbon (C+) in terms of line intensities produced by simple cloud models. The single C+ fine structure transition is a very important coolant of the atomic interstellar medium and of photon dominated regions in which carbon is partially or completely in ionized form. The [CII] line is widely used as a tracer of star formation in the Milky Way and other galaxies. Excitation of the [CII] fine structure transition can be via collisions with hydrogen molecules, atoms, and electrons. Velocity-resolved observations of [CII] have become possible with the HIFI instrument on Herschel and the GREAT instrument on SOFIA. Analysis of these observations is complicated by the fact that it is difficult to determine the optical depth of the [CII] line due to the relative weakness and blending of the components of the analogous transition of 13C$+. We discuss the excitation and radiative transition of the [CII] line, deriving analytic results for several limiting cases and carry out numerical solutions using a large velocity gradient model for a more inclusive analysis. We show that for antenna temperatures up to 1/3 of the brightness temperature of the gas kinetic temperature, the antenna temperature is linearly proportional to the column density of C+ irrespective of the optical depth of the transition, which can be referred to as the effectively optically thin (EOT) approximation. We review the critical densities for excitation of the [CII] line by various collision partners. We briefly analyze C+ absorption and conclude with a discussion of C+ cooling and how the considerations for line intensities affect the behavior of this important coolant of the ISM.
Heterogeneous Nucleation in the Low Barrier Regime
Creators: name: Scheifele, Benjamin
name: Saika-Voivod, Ivan
name: Bowles, Richard K.
name: Poole, Peter H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In simulations of the 2D Ising model, we examine heterogeneous nucleation induced by a small impurity consisting of a line of $l$ fixed spins. As $l$ increases, we identify a limit of stability beyond which the metastable phase is not defined. We evaluate the free energy barrier for nucleation of the stable phase, and show that contrary to expectation, the barrier does not vanish on approach to the limit of stability. We also demonstrate that our values for the height of the barrier yield predictions for the nucleation time (from transition state theory) and the size of the critical cluster (from the nucleation theorem) that are in excellent agreement with direct measurements, even near the limit of stability.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures; to appear in Phys. Rev. E
Superdiffusive transport by multivalent molecular walkers moving under load
Creators: name: Olah, Mark J.
name: Stefanovic, Darko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a model for translational molecular motors to demonstrate that a multivalent catalytic walker with flexible, uncoordinated legs can transform the free energy of surface-bound substrate sites into mechanical work and undergo biased, superdiffusive motion, even in opposition to an external load force. The walker in the model lacks any inherent orientation of body or track, and its legs have no chemomechanical coupling other than the passive constraint imposed by their connection to a common body. Yet, under appropriate kinetic conditions the walker's motion is biased in the direction of unvisited sites, which allows the walker to move nearly ballistically away from the origin as long as a local supply of unmodified substrate sites is available. The multivalent random walker model is mathematically formulated as a continuous-time Markov process and is studied numerically. We use Monte Carlo simulations to generate ensemble estimates of the mean squared displacement and mean work done for this non-ergodic system. Our results show that a residence time bias between visited and unvisited sites leads to superdiffusive motion over significant times and distances. This mechanism can be used to adapt any enzyme--substrate system with appropriate kinetics for use as a functional chemical implementation of a molecular motor, without the need for structural anisotropy or conformationally mediated chemomechanical coordination.
description: 16 pages, 17 figures (color)
An updated world checklist of velvet worms (Onychophora) with notes on nomenclature and status of names
Creators: name: Oliveira, Ivo De Sena
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: catalogue
subject: extant
subject: fossil
subject: Peripatidae
subject: Peripatopsidae
subject: species list
subject: taxonomy
subject: 570
subject: Stummelfüßer
subject: Fossil
subject: Systematik
subject: Zoologische Nomenklatur

description: Gefördert durch den Publikationsfonds der Universität Kassel
Detailed Abundances of Two Very Metal-Poor Stars in Dwarf Galaxies
Creators: name: Kirby, Evan N.
name: Cohen, Judith G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The most metal-poor stars in dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs) can show the nucleosynthetic patterns of one or a few supernovae. These supernovae could have zero metallicity, making metal-poor dSph stars the closest surviving links to Population III stars. Metal-poor dSph stars also help to reveal the formation mechanism of the Milky Way halo. We present the detailed abundances from Keck/HIRES spectroscopy for two very metal-poor stars in two Milky Way dSphs. One star, in the Sculptor dSph, has [Fe I/H] = -2.40. The other star, in the Ursa Minor dSph, has [Fe I/H] = -3.16. Both stars fall in the previously discovered low-metallicity, high-[alpha/Fe] plateau. Most abundance ratios of very metal-poor stars in these two dSphs are largely consistent with very metal-poor halo stars. However, the abundances of Na and some r-process elements lie at the lower end of the envelope defined by inner halo stars of similar metallicity. We propose that the metallicity dependence of supernova yields is the cause. The earliest supernovae in low-mass dSphs have less gas to pollute than the earliest supernovae in massive halo progenitors. As a result, dSph stars at -3 < [Fe/H] < -2 sample supernovae with [Fe/H] << -3, whereas halo stars in the same metallicity range sample supernovae with [Fe/H] ~ -3. Consequently, enhancements in [Na/Fe] and [r/Fe] were deferred to higher metallicity in dSphs than in the progenitors of the inner halo.
description: 19 pages, 9 figures, accepted to AJ, machine-readable Table 2 available in "Other formats," minor proofing corrections in v. 2
Outcome measures for physical fatigue in individuals with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review
Creators: name: Sellitto, Giovanni
name: Morelli, Alessia
name: Bassano, Susanna
name: Conte, Antonella
name: Baione, Viola
name: Galeoto, Giovanni
name: Berardi, Anna
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Science Policy

description: Physical fatigue can be a common reason for early retirement or sick leave since it appears in the earliest stages of multiple sclerosis (MS). Therefore, a prompt and accurate diagnosis is essential. This systematic review aims to identify and describe the instruments used to assess physical fatigue in MS patients with consideration for the languages used to validate the instruments and their methodological qualities. This study has been carried out through ‘Medline,’ ‘Scopus,’ ‘Cinhal,’ and ‘Web of Science’ databases for all the papers published before 24 January 2020. Three independent authors have chosen the eligible studies based upon pre-set criteria of inclusion. Data collection, data items, and assessment of the risk of bias: the data extraction approach was chosen based on the Cochrane Methods. For data collection, the authors followed the recommendations from the COSMIN initiative. Study quality and risk of bias were assessed using the COSMIN Check List. 119 publications have been reviewed. The 45 assessment scales can be divided into specific scales for physical fatigue and specific scales for MS. The most popular tools are the Fatigue Severity Scale and the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale.
title: Factors Promoting Negative Symptoms and Strength Factors Following Institutional Child Abuse In Residential Settings
Creators: name: Ozanne, Rebecca
Publisher: name: University of Central Lancashire
Year: 2023

description: The overall aim of the research presented in this thesis was to explore the negative impacts of institutional child abuse occurring in a residential setting, along with developing a better understanding of strength factors that protect against these negative impacts. A further aim was to examine the role that disclosure of institutional abuse plays in recovery. A mixed method approach was used. This included a systematic review of the literature, a Delphi study exploring the view of professionals, a qualitative survey examining the view of victims, and a Rapid Evidence Assessment of serious case reviews and online reports. Following this, a series of questionnaires were used to further explore the findings from earlier studies. Overall, findings revealed a range of negative impacts including to mental health and wellbeing, future life chances in relation to relationships and employment, and changes to behaviour. Strength factors were identified, such as positive self-esteem, proactive coping, and resilience. Personality functioning difficulties in relation to the self and negative experiences prior to placement in care were found to exacerbate the impacts of institutional abuse. Finally, it was noted that responses to disclosure play a role in future outcomes for the victim and that a lack of understanding and social support may act as barriers to disclosure. The practical implications of the research are outlined and discussed.
Disease burden on health care by pain severity and usual analgesic treatment in patients with symptomatic osteoarthritis: a Spanish nationwide health survey
Creators: name: Rejas-Gutierrez, Javier
name: Llopart-Carles, Natalia
name: García-López, Sofía
name: Darbà, Josep
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Cancer
Science Policy

description: Osteoarthritis (OA) pain is a health care highly demanding and costing condition. To estimate disease burden on health care in OA in Spain, determining whether burden differs by pain severity and usual analgesic treatment. A cross-sectional design using the 2017-Spanish-National-Health-Survey was used to abstract data of 5,234 adult patients (women 70.8%; 69.9 years) with a self-reported physician OA diagnosis. Patients were assembled according to pain severity (no/mild, moderate, severe) and use of usual analgesia (treated [66.5%]/untreated). Healthcare resource utilization (HRU) and corresponding costs were expressed Per-Patient-Per-Year (PPPY) and adjusted for covariates. Average (SD) healthcare cost was €2,274 (5,461) PPPY, with costs linked to outpatient medical visits being the major driver; ~43%. Adjusted PPPY medical visits, days of hospitalization, other healthcare visits, and corresponding costs were significantly higher in severe pain OA patients, compared to moderate or mild/no pain regardless of being currently treated with usual analgesics or not (p Severity of pain was the main driver of HRU and costs in OA patients from a nationwide representative survey in Spain. These findings seem to be more consistent in treated versus not treated patients with usual analgesics.
Magnetic energy harvesting and concentration at distance by transformation optics
Creators: name: Navau, Carles
name: Camps, Jordi-Prat
name: Sanchez, Alvaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic energy is one the main agents powering our society: generating energy in power plants, keeping information in magnetic memories, moving our devices with motors. All of these applications require a certain spatial distribution of magnetic energy, for example concentrating it in a transformer core or in a magnetic sensor. We introduce in this work a way to collect magnetic energy and distribute it in space with unprecedented efficiency and flexibility, allowing very large concentration of magnetic energy in a free space region, an enhanced magnetic coupling between two magnetic sources, and the transfer of magnetic energy from a source to a given distant point separated by empty space. All these features are achieved with a single device, a magnetic shell designed by transformation optics.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures
電子分光法における表面定量分析の標準化の歩み
Creators: name: 田沼 繁夫
Publisher: name: National Institute for Materials Science
Year: 2023
Subjects: 表面定量分析
国際標準化
ISO
標準化の歴史
標準化の意味

description: AESやXPSに代表される表面電子分光法における定量化は, 1982年のVAMAS プロジェクト TWA-2 SCAの設立と1991年のISO TC201SCAの設立が２つの大きな転換点といえる。前者では，個々人の定量研究から国際共同研究を通して，定量の信頼性や正確性・遡及性が議論された。その発展として，ISOを通しての「定量化の標準化」がなされてきた。この定量化と標準化（の一断面）を, XPSとAESにおける「感度係数法」の進展を通して考えてみたい。この２つのプロジェクトがなければ「表面定量」はあっても「表面定量の標準化」は無かったであろう。
Estimation in Phase-Shift and Forward Wireless Sensor Networks
Creators: name: Jiang, Feng
name: Chen, Jie
name: Swindlehurst, A. Lee
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider a network of single-antenna sensors that observe an unknown deterministic parameter. Each sensor applies a phase shift to the observation and the sensors simultaneously transmit the result to a multi-antenna fusion center (FC). Based on its knowledge of the wireless channel to the sensors, the FC calculates values for the phase factors that minimize the variance of the parameter estimate, and feeds this information back to the sensors. The use of a phase-shift-only transmission scheme provides a simplified analog implementation at the sensor, and also leads to a simpler algorithm design and performance analysis. We propose two algorithms for this problem, a numerical solution based on a relaxed semidefinite programming problem, and a closed-form solution based on the analytic constant modulus algorithm. Both approaches are shown to provide performance close to the theoretical bound. We derive asymptotic performance analyses for cases involving large numbers of sensors or large numbers of FC antennas, and we also study the impact of phase errors at the sensor transmitters. Finally, we consider the sensor selection problem, in which only a subset of the sensors is chosen to send their observations to the FC.
description: 28 pages, 5 figures, accepted by IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Apr. 2013
NOME: UM "ESTEREÓTIPO" PARA TODA A VIDA?
Creators: name: Florindo da Silva, Heleno
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Transexualidade
Direitos de Personalidade
Dignidade Humana
Registro Civil

description: O problema dos transexuais ganha a cada dia mais espaço nos debates em nossos Tribunais e nos bancos das universidades, o que nos proporciona enormes discussões principiológicas e normativas a respeito dos temas que envolvem a homoafetividade. Desse modo, busca-se com a discussão lançada neste artigo, uma reflexão acerca da possibilidade de alteração do registro civil dos transexuais, dos direitos, regulamentações e princípios que norteiam a vida, o respeito e a dignidade humana dessas pessoas.
Agnostic notes on regression adjustments to experimental data: Reexamining Freedman's critique
Creators: name: Lin, Winston
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Freedman [Adv. in Appl. Math. 40 (2008) 180-193; Ann. Appl. Stat. 2 (2008) 176-196] critiqued ordinary least squares regression adjustment of estimated treatment effects in randomized experiments, using Neyman's model for randomization inference. Contrary to conventional wisdom, he argued that adjustment can lead to worsened asymptotic precision, invalid measures of precision, and small-sample bias. This paper shows that in sufficiently large samples, those problems are either minor or easily fixed. OLS adjustment cannot hurt asymptotic precision when a full set of treatment-covariate interactions is included. Asymptotically valid confidence intervals can be constructed with the Huber-White sandwich standard error estimator. Checks on the asymptotic approximations are illustrated with data from Angrist, Lang, and Oreopoulos's [Am. Econ. J.: Appl. Econ. 1:1 (2009) 136--163] evaluation of strategies to improve college students' achievement. The strongest reasons to support Freedman's preference for unadjusted estimates are transparency and the dangers of specification search.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/12-AOAS583 the Annals of Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Malte König, Der Staat als Zuhälter. Die Abschaffung der reglementierten Prostitution in Deutschland, Frankreich und Italien im 20. Jahrhundert, Berlin, Boston, MA (De Gruyter) 2016
Creators: name: Mühlhäuser, Regina
Publisher: name: Francia-Recensio
Year: 2019

description: Malte König, Der Staat als Zuhälter. Die Abschaffung der reglementierten Prostitution in Deutschland, Frankreich und Italien im 20. Jahrhundert, Berlin, Boston, MA (De Gruyter) 2016, VIII–488 S., 13 Abb. (Bibliothek des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Rom, 131), ISBN 978-3-11-046021-6, EUR 119,95
description: Francia-Recensio, 2019/2
Choosing Open Access for Books: Myths and Truths Beyond the BPC
Creators: name: Fathallah, Judith
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Presentation delivered by Judith Fathallah at Unveiling Open Access Monograph Publishing, University of Exeter, 15 November 2023.
Dr. Judith Fathallah is a Research and Outreach Associate at Lancaster University and Research Fellow at Coventry. She has worked with the COPIM and Open Book Futures projects on the creation and launch of the Open Book Collective (www.openbookcollective.org), and on communal forms of governance. Her research interests include new media, media convergence, digital literacies and fan and subcultures in addition to Open Access publishing.
A systematic review of cost-effectiveness analyses across the acute kidney injury landscape
Creators: name: Suh, Kangho
name: Kellum, John A.
name: Kane-Gill, Sandra L.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a complex and common condition associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and costs. Evidence from cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) have targeted various aspects of AKI including detection with biomarkers, treatment with renal replacement therapy, and prevention when using contrast media. However, there has not been a systematic review of these studies across the entirety of AKI. Areas covered: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library were used to identify CEA studies that involved AKI from 2004 onwards. These studies compared AKI treatment through renal replacement therapies (n = 6), prevention of contrast-induced-AKI (CI-AKI) using different media (n = 3), and diagnosis with novel biomarkers (n = 2). Treatment strategies for AKI focused on continuous versus intermittent renal replacement therapy. While there was no consensus, the majority of studies favored the continuous form. For contrast media, both studies found iodixanol to be cost-effective compared to iohexol for preventing CI-AKI. Additionally, novel biomarkers showed potential to be cost-effective in risk assessment and detection of AKI. Expert opinion: Consistent criteria such as a lifetime time horizon would allow for better model comparisons. Further research on clinical parameters to capture transition probabilities between stages within AKI and progression to downstream kidney disease is needed.