Reinhardorhynchus soror Diez, Reygel & Artois 2021, sp. n.
Creators: name: Diez, Yander L.
name: Monnens, Marlies
name: Aguirre, Rosa Isabel
name: Yurduseven, Rana
name: Jouk, Philippe
name: Van Steenkiste, Niels W. L.
name: Leander, Brian S.
name: Schockaert, Ernest
name: Reygel, Patrick
name: Smeets, Karen
name: Artois, Tom
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Platyhelminthes
Rhabditophora
Rhabdocoela
Koinocystididae
Reinhardorhynchus
Reinhardorhynchus soror

description: Reinhardorhynchus soror Diez, Reygel & Artois sp. n.
(Fig. 14)
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 19AA34C8-D7BD-4299-93C0-31856253020B
Material and distribution. Observations on live specimens, whole mounted afterwards. Three whole mounts from Tombolo West (08°48’05”N; 79°33’15”W) (Type Locality), Taboga Island, Panama (December 9, 2011), one of which designated holotype (USNM 1642508), the others in the USNM (1642509–1642510), from medium-coarse sand with ripple marks close to swash zone, small waves, salinity 28 ‰.
Etymology. Species name refers to its similarities with R. beatrizae sp. n. Lat. soror: sister.
Diagnosis. Species of Reinhardorhynchus gen. n. with a copulatory bulb encompassing a spiny cirrus and two distal hooks. Cirrus armed with triangular, ±5-μm-long spines. It also has a ±437-μm-long belt of spines, which shows three distinct regions: 1) a proximal part with curved and hook-shaped spines fused at their bases, the largest one ±57 μm long, the others measuring 6–40 μm, 2) a middle part with 3-μm-long spines, and 3) a distal, combshaped part armed with ±39-μm-long and triangular spines. The larger of the distal hooks curved, ±87 μm long and ±68 μm wide at its base; its base provided with a funnel-like, ±70-μm-long hook. Smaller hook ±59 μm long and ±59 μm wide at its base.
Description. The specimens are 1.5–2.2 mm long (x̄ = 1.7 mm; n = 3), translucent, with two rounded eyes (Fig. 14A: e). The proboscis (Fig. 14A: pr) is of the typical koinocystidid construction (see Brunet 1972; Karling 1980); it represents 15% of the body length in live specimens. The pharynx (Fig. 14A: ph) has a diameter of 15% of the body length in live specimens and is located at 40–50%.
The testes (Fig. 14A: t) are located rostral to the pharynx. The seminal vesicles (Fig. 14A: sv) fuse just before entering the copulatory bulb. The male copulatory bulb is globular and 320–391 μm long (x̄ = 356 μm; n = 2). The prostate vesicle (Fig. 14A: pv) opens into the armed cirrus. The cirrus is of the same structure as that of R. beatrizae sp. n. The cirrus (Fig. 14A: ci) is armed with triangular, 4–5-μm-long spines (x̄ = 5 μm; n = 35) (Fig. 14F: cis). The cirrus also includes a 437-μm-long belt of spines (n = 1) (Fig. 14A: cir), which consists of three parts. The proximal part is provided with spines that are curved and hook shaped (Fig. 14B, 14F: cps, 14G), the largest one 55–60 μm long (x̄ = 57 μm; n = 3) and the other ones 6–40 μm long (x̄ = 18 μm; n = 3). This proximal part forms a continuous 62–72-μm-long row (x̄ = 66 μm; n = 3). The middle part forms a broad surface consisting of 3-μm-long spines (Fig. 14F: cms) and measuring 109 μm (n = 1). The distal part is 129–135 μm long (x̄ = 132 μm; n = 2) and consists of a continuous comb-shaped row of spines (Fig. 14C, 14F: cds). The spines in this part are 20–59 μm long (x̄ = 39 μm; n = 44) and increase in size from the most proximal one to the most distal one.
There are two large distal hooks. The larger one (Fig. 14A & 14F: h 1, 14E) is 84–89 μm long (x̄ = 87 μm; n = 3) and 63–77 μm wide at its base (x̄ = 68 μm; n = 3), curved, and carries a funnel-like and 65–80 μm long (x̄ = 70 μm; n = 3) projection at its base (Fig. 14E–F: fh). This structure is straight, makes a ±90º angle with the main hook, and ends in a blunt tip. The hook proper is strongly curved and ends in a sharp tip. At its base, there is a small, more or less square and folded projection (Fig. 14E: fp). The smaller hook (Fig. 14A & 14F: h2, 14D) is 57–89 μm long (x̄ = 59 μm; n = 3) and 54–62 μm wide (x̄ = 59 μm; n = 3) at its base. The base of this hook is asymmetrical. The hook is slightly curved and ends in a sharp tip.
Vitellaria were not observed. The ovaries are oval shaped (Fig. 14A: ov), located rostral to the copulatory bulb, with the oocytes organised in a row. The oviducts open into the female duct. The female duct opens into the receptacle bursa (terminology of Karling 1980) (Fig. 14A: rb) through a strong sphincter. In a live specimen one embryo (Fig. 14A: em), apparently not surrounded by a shell, was observed, suggesting the species is (ovo-)viviparous. The common gonopore (Fig. 14A: cg) is located ventrally, at 90%.
description: Published as part of Diez, Yander L., Monnens, Marlies, Aguirre, Rosa Isabel, Yurduseven, Rana, Jouk, Philippe, Van Steenkiste, Niels W. L., Leander, Brian S., Schockaert, Ernest, Reygel, Patrick, Smeets, Karen & Artois, Tom, 2021, Taxonomy and phylogeny of Koinocystididae (Platyhelminthes, Kalyptorhynchia) with the description of three new genera and twelve new species, pp. 451-500 in Zootaxa 4948 (4) on pages 478-479, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4948.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4629235