cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Quantum adaptive agents with efficient long-term memories
Creators: name: Elliott, Thomas J.
name: Gu, Mile
name: Garner, Andrew J. P.
name: Thompson, Jayne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Central to the success of adaptive systems is their ability to interpret signals from their environment and respond accordingly -- they act as agents interacting with their surroundings. Such agents typically perform better when able to execute increasingly complex strategies. This comes with a cost: the more information the agent must recall from its past experiences, the more memory it will need. Here we investigate the power of agents capable of quantum information processing. We uncover the most general form a quantum agent need adopt to maximise memory compression advantages, and provide a systematic means of encoding their memory states. We show these encodings can exhibit extremely favourable scaling advantages relative to memory-minimal classical agents, particularly when information must be retained about events increasingly far into the past.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures
การพัฒนาผลสัมฤทธิ์ทางการเรียนคณิตศาสตร์และพฤติกรรมการทำงานกลุ่มของนักเรียนชั้นมัธยมศึกษาปีที่ 5 เรื่อง การวัดค่ากลางของข้อมูล ที่จัดกิจกรรมการเรียนรู้โดยใช้รูปแบบการได้มาซึ่งมโนทัศน์ทางคณิตศาสตร์
Creators: name: จักรพงษ์ ผิวนวล
name: วรพชร วงษ์ประทีป
name: ชานนท์ จันทรา
Publisher: name: คณะครุศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏพิบูลสงคราม
Year: 2019
Subjects: ผลสัมฤทธิ์ทางการเรียนคณิตศาสตร์
พฤติกรรมการทำงานกลุ่ม
รูปแบบการได้มาซึ่งมโนทัศน์ทางคณิตศาสตร์

description: วารสารครุพิบูล, 6, 1, 9-22
A knowledge-based system for highway location
Creators: name: Castilho, Bernardo De
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Knowledge-based systems are increasingly popular in a variety of fields. These systems may provide an elegant and comprehensive framework for the solution of ill-structured, complex problems that traditional computer systems cannot handle. This paper describes the implementation process of a prototype knowledge-based system designed to help in the task of locating and evaluating highway corridors, taking into account environmental, social and economic factors. The applicability of the approach to other engineering problems is also analyzed as well as the relative merits of alternate implementation tools. The most significant aspects of the system presented are its transparent reasoning, provided by extensive explanation facilities, the original spatial data representation structures it uses and the implementation of fuzzy operators to deal with uncertain information. The system presented has a comparatively reduced knowledge base and therefore does not achieve the level of performance expected from experts in the field. However, it does demonstrate how relatively new Artificial Intelligence techniques can be used in conjunction with conventional techniques to model a typical Civil Engineering problem.
On the Kernel of the affine Dirac operator
Creators: name: Kac, Victor G.
name: Frajria, Pierluigi Moseneder
name: Papi, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let L be a finite-dimensional semisimple Lie algebra with a non-degenerate invariant bilinear form, σan elliptic automorphism of L leaving the form invariant, and A a σ-invariant reductive subalgebra of L, such that the restriction of the form to A is non-degenerate. Consider the associated twisted affine Lie algebras L^, A^, and let F be the σ-twisted Clifford module over A^ associated to the orthocomplement of A in L. Under suitable hypotheses onσand A, we provide a general formula for the decomposition of the kernel of the affine Dirac operator, acting on the tensor product of an integrable highest weight L^-module and F, into irreducible A^-submodules. As an application, we derive the decomposition of all level 1 integrable irreducible highest weight modules over orthogonal affine Lie algebras with respect to the affinization of the isotropy subalgebra of an arbitrary symmetric space.
description: Comments: Latex file, 37 pages. This is a revised version of the paper published in Moscow Mathematical Journal, Vol. 8, n. 4, 2008, 759--788. The new feature in the present version is a direct argument for a key step in the proof of Theorem 1.1, which makes the paper self-contained
Can Primordial Black Holes as all Dark Matter explain Fast Radio Bursts?
Creators: name: Kainulainen, Kimmo
name: Nurmi, Sami
name: Schiappacasse, Enrico D.
name: Yanagida, Tsutomu T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Primordial black holes (PBHs) are one of the most interesting nonparticle dark matter (DM) candidates. They may explain all the DM content in the Universe in the mass regime from about $10^{-14}M_{\odot}$ to $10^{-11}M_{\odot}$. We study PBHs as the source of fast radio bursts (FRBs) via magnetic reconnection in the event of collisions between them and neutron stars (NSs) in galaxies. We investigate the energy loss of PBHs during PBH-NS encounters to model their capture by NSs. To an order-of-magnitude estimation, we conclude that the parameter space of PBHs being all DM is accidentally consistent with that to produce FRBs with a rate which is the order of the observed FRB rate.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures. V2: Updated towards version published in Physical Review D
Charge and spin density response functions of the clean two-dimensional electron gas with Rashba spin-orbit coupling at finite momenta and frequencies
Creators: name: Pletyukhov, M.
name: Konschuh, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analytically evaluate charge and spin density response functions of the clean two-dimensional electron gas with Rashba spin-orbit coupling at finite momenta and frequencies. On the basis of our exact expressions we discuss the accuracy of the long-wavelength and the quasiclassical approximations. We also derive the static limit of spin susceptibilities and demonstrate, in particular, how the Kohn-like anomalies in their derivatives are related to the spin-orbit modification of the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida interaction. Taking into account screening and exchange effects of the Coulomb interaction, we describe the collective charge and spin density excitation modes which appear to be coupled due to nonvanishing spin-charge response function.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures
Note on the growth of Area functions
Creators: name: Stoilov, Peyo
name: Gesheva, Roumyana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 30E20, 30D50

description: A new proof of the inequalities of D. J. Hallenbeck for the Area functions of multipliers of fractional Cauchy transforms is given.
description: 4 pages
Additional file 3 of The impact of eHealth use on general practice workload in the pre-COVID-19 era: a systematic review
Creators: name: Keuper, Jelle
name: van Tuyl, Lilian H. D.
name: de Geit, Ellemarijn
name: Rijpkema, Corinne
name: Vis, Elize
name: Batenburg, Ronald
name: Verheij, Robert
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3. PRISMA-P 2015 checklist. Description of data: PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis Protocols) 2015 checklist: recommended items to address in a systematic review protocol (S tables 1).
Automorphisms and isomorphisms of Chevalley groups and algebras
Creators: name: Klyachko, Anton A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20g35, 20f28, 20f40, 17b20, 17b40

description: An adjoint Chevalley group of rank at least 2 over a rational algebra (or a similar ring), its elementary subgroup, and the corresponding Lie ring have the same automorphism group. These automorphisms are explicitly described.
description: 8 pages. A Russian version of this paper is at http://mech.math.msu.su/department/algebra/staff/klyachko/papers.htm . V4: minor changes in Introduction and References
Fast outflows in protoplanetary nebulae and young planetary nebulae observed by Herschel/HIFI
Creators: name: Lorenzo, Marta
name: Teyssier, David
name: Bujarrabal, Valentín
name: García-Lario, Pedro
name: Alcolea, Javier
name: Verdugo, Eva
name: Marston, Anthony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fast outflows and their interaction with slow shells (generally known as the fossil circumstellar envelope of asymptotic giant branch stars) play an important role in the structure and kinematics of protoplanetary and planetary nebulae (pPNe, PNe). To properly study their effects within these objects, we also need to observe the intermediate-temperature gas, which is only detectable in the far-infrared (FIR) and submillimetre (submm) transitions. We study the physical conditions of the outflows presented in a number of pPNe and PNe, with a focus on their temperature and excitation states. We carried out Herschel/HIFI observations in the submm lines of 12CO in nine pPNe and nine PNe and complemented them with low-J CO spectra obtained with the IRAM 30m telescope and taken from the literature. The spectral resolution of HIFI allows us to identify and measure the different nebular components in the line profiles. The comparison with large velocity gradient (LVG) model predictions was used to estimate the physical conditions of the warm gas in the nebulae, such as excitation conditions, temperature, and density. We found high kinetic temperatures for the fast winds of pPNe, typically reaching between 75 K and 200 K. In contrast, the high-velocity gas in the sampled PNe is colder, with characteristic temperatures between 25 K and 75 K, and it is found in a lower excitation state. We interpret this correlation of the kinetic temperature and excitation state of fast outflows with the amount of time elapsed since their acceleration (probably driven by shocks) as a consequence of the cooling that occurred during the pPN phase.
Bimodal Counting Statistics in Single Electron Tunneling through a Quantum Dot
Creators: name: Fricke, C.
name: Hohls, F.
name: Wegscheider, W.
name: Haug, R. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the full counting statistics of single electron tunneling through a quantum dot using a quantum point contact as non-invasive high bandwidth charge detector. The distribution of counted tunneling events is measured as a function of gate and source-drain-voltage for several consecutive electron numbers on the quantum dot. For certain configurations we observe super-Poissonian statistics for bias voltages at which excited states become accessible. The associated counting distributions interestingly show a bimodal characteristic. Analyzing the time dependence of the number of electron counts we relate this to a slow switching between different electron configurations on the quantum dot.
Nonlinear stationary solutions of the Wigner and Wigner-Poisson equations
Creators: name: Haas, F.
name: Shukla, P. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exact nonlinear stationary solutions of the one-dimensional Wigner and Wigner-Poisson equations in the terms of the Wigner functions that depend not only on the energy but also on position are presented. In this way, the Bernstein-Greene-Kruskal modes of the classical plasma are adapted for the quantum formalism in the phase space. The solutions are constructed for the case of a quartic oscillator potential, as well as for the self-consistent Wigner-Poisson case. Conditions for well-behaved physically meaningful equilibrium Wigner functions are discussed.
description: 7 figures
How individuals change language
Creators: name: Blythe, Richard A
name: Croft, William
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Languages emerge and change over time at the population level though interactions between individual speakers. It is, however, hard to directly observe how a single speaker's linguistic innovation precipitates a population-wide change in the language, and many theoretical proposals exist. We introduce a very general mathematical model that encompasses a wide variety of individual-level linguistic behaviours and provides statistical predictions for the population-level changes that result from them. This model allows us to compare the likelihood of empirically-attested changes in definite and indefinite articles in multiple languages under different assumptions on the way in which individuals learn and use language. We find that accounts of language change that appeal primarily to errors in childhood language acquisition are very weakly supported by the historical data, whereas those that allow speakers to change incrementally across the lifespan are more plausible, particularly when combined with social network effects.
description: 50 pages, 11 figures
An Empirical Assessment of Endpoint Security Systems Against Advanced Persistent Threats Attack Vectors
Creators: name: Karantzas, George
name: Patsakis, Constantinos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Advanced persistent threats pose a significant challenge for blue teams as they apply various attacks over prolonged periods, impeding event correlation and their detection. In this work, we leverage various diverse attack scenarios to assess the efficacy of EDRs and other endpoint security solutions against detecting and preventing APTs. Our results indicate that there is still a lot of room for improvement as state of the art endpoint security systems fail to prevent and log the bulk of the attacks that are reported in this work. Additionally, we discuss methods to tamper with the telemetry providers of EDRs, allowing an adversary to perform a more stealth attack.
description: This is the revised (and final) version of https://doi.org/10.3390/jcp1030021 with more EDRs and proper classification of products into EDRs and EPPs
สภาพการดำเนินชีวิตตามหลักปรัชญาเศรษฐกิจพอเพียง ของนักศึกษาคณะครุศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏพิบูลสงคราม
Creators: name: สมหมาย อ่ำดอนกลอย
Publisher: name: คณะครุศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏพิบูลสงคราม
Year: 2019
Subjects: สภาพการดำเนินชีวิตตามหลักปรัชญาเศรษฐกิจพอเพียง
ความพอประมาณ
ความมีเหตุผล
ความมีภูมิคุ้มกันที่ดี
นักศึกษาคณะครุศาสตร์

description: วารสารครุพิบูล, 6, 1, 23-38
Dynamics of Atom-Field Entanglement from Exact Solutions: Towards Strong Coupling and Non-Markovian Regimes
Creators: name: Cummings, Nick
name: Hu, B. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the dynamics of bipartite entanglement between a two-level atom and the electromagnetic field. We treat the Jaynes-Cummings model with a single field mode and examine in detail the exact time evolution of entanglement, including cases where the atomic state is initially mixed and the atomic transition is detuned from resonance. We then explore the effects of other nearby modes by calculating the exact time evolution of entanglement in more complex systems with two, three, and five field modes. For these cases we can obtain exact solutions which include the strong coupling regimes. Finally, we consider the entanglement of a two-level atom with the infinite collection of modes present in the intracavity field of a Fabre-Perot cavity. In contrast to the usual treatment of atom-field interactions with a continuum of modes using the Born-Markov approximation, our treatment in all cases describes the full non-Markovian dynamics of the atomic subsystem. Only when an analytic expression for the infinite mode case is desired do we need to make a weak coupling assumption which at long times approximates Markovian dynamics.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures; minor changes in grammar, wording, and formatting. One unnecessary figure removed. Figure number revised (no longer counts subfigures separately)
Additional file 1 of Contraceptive access and use among women with migratory experience living in high-income countries: a scoping review
Creators: name: Gozzi, P.
name: Persson, M.
name: Nielsen, A.
name: Kilander, H.
name: Kågesten, A. E.
name: Iwarsson, K. Emtell
name: Ljungcrantz, D.
name: Bredell, M.
name: Larsson, E. C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional File 1. Operational definitions of framework used in the review.
Additional file 2 of Contraceptive access and use among women with migratory experience living in high-income countries: a scoping review
Creators: name: Gozzi, P.
name: Persson, M.
name: Nielsen, A.
name: Kilander, H.
name: Kågesten, A. E.
name: Iwarsson, K. Emtell
name: Ljungcrantz, D.
name: Bredell, M.
name: Larsson, E. C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional File 2. Search strategies for all databases.
Generalized Morse and Poschl-Teller potentials : The connection via Schrodinger equation
Creators: name: Yahiaoui, S. -A.
name: Hattou, S.
name: Bentaiba, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 03.65.Ca; 03.65.-w; 03.65.Fd; 02.30.Nw

description: We present here a systematic and unified treatment to connect the Schrodinger equation corresponding to generalized Morse and Poschl-Teller potentials. We then show that the wave functions and generalized potentials are linked through the Fourier and Hankel transforms, respectively.
description: 17 pages, 0 figures
Comments on General Gauge Mediation
Creators: name: Intriligator, Kenneth
name: Sudano, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There has been interest in generalizing models of gauge mediation of supersymmetry breaking. As shown by Meade, Seiberg, and Shih (MSS), the soft masses of general gauge mediation can be expressed in terms of the current two-point functions of the susy-breaking sector. We here give a simple extension of their result which provides, for general gauge mediation, the full effective potential for squark pseudo-D-flat directions. The effective potential reduces to the sfermion soft masses near the origin, and the full potential, away from the origin, can be useful for cosmological applications. We also generalize the soft masses and effective potential to allow for general gauge mediation by Higgsed gauge groups. Finally, we discuss general gauge mediation in the limit of small F-terms, and how the results of MSS connect with the analytic continuation in superspace results, based on a spurion analysis.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures, references added
Gravitational waves from first-order phase transitions: Ultra-supercooled transitions and the fate of relativistic shocks
Creators: name: Jinno, Ryusuke
name: Seong, Hyeonseok
name: Takimoto, Masahiro
name: Um, Choong Min
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2019

description: We study the gravitational wave (GW) production in extremely strong first order phase transitions where the latent heat density dominates the plasma energy density, $\alpha \gtrsim 1$. In such transitions, bubbles develop extremely thin and relativistic fluid configurations, resulting in strong shock waves after collisions. We first propose a strategy to understand the GW production in such a system by separating the problem into the propagation part and the collision part. Focusing on the former, we next develop an effective theory for the propagation of the relativistic fluid shells. Using this effective theory, we finally calculate the expected duration of the relativistic fluid configurations and discuss its implications to the GW production.
Additional file 1 of The burden and predictors of latent tuberculosis infection among immigrants in South Korea: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Yu, Sarah
name: Jeong, Dawoon
name: Choi, Hongjo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: The prevalence of LTBI according to the nationality of immigrants.
An experimental investigation of the shear plate connections
Creators: name: Bienias, Grzegorz
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: In Limit States Design for steel structures, single plate connections are designed to transfer beam shear to supporting member. These connections, with the connection plate shop-welded to the supporting member and field-bolted to the supported beam are becoming increasingly popular due to their economy and ease of fabrication. Single plate connections are very suitable for cases where speed of erection is a primary consideration. They are particularly superior for skewed connections. Traditional design methods which deal with connection problems generally give over-conservative solutions to this complex problem. Two series of experimental investigations of single plate connections for beam-to-girder webs were conducted. A variety of connections were tested to demonstrate their feasibility and to collect data for analytical correlation studies. The ultimate goal of these tests and studies is to devise a rational basis for the design of these connections. This work is part of a comprehensive research project and the reader is referred to other papers (References 1 and 2) for completeness. Based on experimental results and theoretical correlation studies, a modified design formula is proposed in order to predict the ultimate capacity of single plate connections. The formula tries to incorporate the influences of applied loads (shear force, torsional moment, and bending moment), resistance of the single plate connection, skew angle of the connection plate and type of holes (slotted and standard) used in the connection.
Additional file 3 of Contraceptive access and use among women with migratory experience living in high-income countries: a scoping review
Creators: name: Gozzi, P.
name: Persson, M.
name: Nielsen, A.
name: Kilander, H.
name: Kågesten, A. E.
name: Iwarsson, K. Emtell
name: Ljungcrantz, D.
name: Bredell, M.
name: Larsson, E. C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional File 3. Overview of included articles.
The evolution of cosmological gravitational waves in f(R) gravity
Creators: name: Ananda, Kishore N.
name: Carloni, S.
name: Dunsby, P. K. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give a rigorous and mathematically clear presentation of the Covariant and Gauge Invariant theory of gravitational waves in a perturbed Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker universe for Fourth Order Gravity, where the matter is described by a perfect fluid with a barotropic equation of state. As an example of a consistent analysis of tensor perturbations in Fourth Order Gravity, we apply the formalism to a simple background solution of R^n gravity. We obtain the exact solutions of the perturbation equations for scales much bigger than and smaller than the Hubble radius. It is shown that the evolution of tensor modes is highly sensitive to the choice of n and an interesting new feature arises. During the radiation dominated era, their exist a growing tensor perturbation for nearly all choices of n. This occurs even when the background model is undergoing accelerated expansion as opposed to the case of General Relativity. Consequently, cosmological gravitational wave modes can in principle provide a strong constraint on the theory of gravity independent of other cosmological data sets.
description: 19 pages, 4 figures; v2: corrected to match version accepted for publication in PRD
The double scaling limit method in the Toda hierarchy
Creators: name: Alonso, L. Martinez
name: Medina, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Critical points of semiclassical expansions of solutions to the dispersionful Toda hierarchy are considered and a double scaling limit method of regularization is formulated. The analogues of the critical points characterized by the strong conditions in the Hermitian matrix model are analyzed and the property of doubling of equations is proved. A wide family of sets of critical points is introduced and the corresponding double scaling limit expansions are discussed.
description: 20 pages
Additional file 4 of Contraceptive access and use among women with migratory experience living in high-income countries: a scoping review
Creators: name: Gozzi, P.
name: Persson, M.
name: Nielsen, A.
name: Kilander, H.
name: Kågesten, A. E.
name: Iwarsson, K. Emtell
name: Ljungcrantz, D.
name: Bredell, M.
name: Larsson, E. C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional File 4. Brief description of identified interventions related to contraceptive counselling.
The unusual volatile composition of the Halley-type comet 8P/Tuttle: Addressing the existence of an Inner Oort Cloud
Creators: name: Boehnhardt, H.
name: Mumma, M. J.
name: Villanueva, G. L.
name: DiSanti, M. A.
name: Bonev, B. P.
name: Lippi, M.
name: Kaeufl, H. U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measured organic volatiles (CH4, CH3OH, C2H6, H2CO), CO, and water in comet 8P/Tuttle, a comet from the Oort cloud reservoir now in a short-period Halley-type orbit. We compare its composition with two other comets in Halley-type orbits, and with comets of the "organics-normal" and "organics-depleted" classes. Chemical gradients are expected in the comet-forming region of the proto-planetary disk, and an individual comet should reflect its specific heritage. If Halley-type comets came from the inner Oort cloud as proposed, we see no common characteristics that could distinguish such comets from those that were stored in the outer Oort cloud.
description: 14 pages, including 1 figure and 2 Tables
Unidirectional Kondo scattering in layered NbS2
Creators: name: Martino, Edoardo
name: Putzke, Carsten
name: König, Markus
name: Moll, Philip
name: Berger, Helmuth
name: LeBoeuf, David
name: Leroux, Maxime
name: Proust, Cyril
name: Akrap, Ana
name: Kirmse, Holm
name: Koch, Christoph
name: Zhang, ShengNan
name: Wu, QuanSheng
name: Yazyev, Oleg V.
name: Forró, László
name: Semeniuk, Konstantin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Crystalline defects can modify quantum interactions in solids, causing unintuitive, even favourable, properties such as quantum Hall effect or superconducting vortex pinning. Here we present another example of this notion - an unexpected unidirectional Kondo scattering in single crystals of 2H-NbS2. This manifests as a pronounced low-temperature enhancement in the out-of-plane resistivity and thermopower below 40 K, hidden for the in-plane charge transport. The anomaly can be suppressed by the c-axis-oriented magnetic field, but is unaffected by field applied along the planes. The magnetic moments originate from layers of 1T-NbS2, which inevitably form during the growth, undergoing a charge-density-wave reconstruction with each superlattice cell (David-star-shaped cluster of Nb atoms) hosting a localised spin. Our results demonstrate the unique and highly anisotropic response of a spontaneously formed Kondo lattice heterostructure, intercalated in a layered conductor.
description: 44 pages, including the article, 5 figures, and Supplementary Information (6 notes, 9 figures, and 1 table)
Unified discontinuous Galerkin scheme for a large class of elliptic equations
Creators: name: Fischer, Nils L.
name: Pfeiffer, Harald P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a discontinuous Galerkin internal-penalty scheme that is applicable to a large class of linear and nonlinear elliptic partial differential equations. The unified scheme can accommodate all second-order elliptic equations that can be formulated in first-order flux form, encompassing problems in linear elasticity, general relativity, and hydrodynamics, including problems formulated on a curved manifold. It allows for a wide range of linear and nonlinear boundary conditions, and accommodates curved and nonconforming meshes. Our generalized internal-penalty numerical flux and our Schur-complement strategy of eliminating auxiliary degrees of freedom make the scheme compact without requiring equation-specific modifications. We demonstrate the accuracy of the scheme for a suite of numerical test problems. The scheme is implemented in the open-source SpECTRE numerical relativity code.
description: 22 pages, 13 figures, 2 tables, published version. Results are reproducible with the ancillary input files
A VLBI polarization study of SiO masers towards VY CMa
Creators: name: Richter, L. L.
name: Kemball, A. J.
name: Jonas, J. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Maser emission from the SiO molecule has been widely observed in the near-circumstellar envelopes of late-type, evolved stars. VLBI images can resolve individual SiO maser spots, providing information about the kinematics and magnetic field in the extended atmospheres of these stars. This poster presents full polarization images of several SiO maser lines towards the supergiant star VY CMa. VY CMa is a particularly strong SiO maser source and allows observations of a wide range of maser transitions. We discuss implications of these observations for VY CMa morphology, polarization, and pumping models.
description: 3 pages, 1 figure: based on a poster paper at IAU Symposium 242: Astrophysical masers and their environments, held at Alice Springs (Australia), from March 12-16, 2007
Radius and mass distribution of ultra-short period planets
Creators: name: Uzsoy, Ana Sofía M.
name: Rogers, Leslie A.
name: Price, Ellen M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultra-short period (USP) planets are an enigmatic subset of exoplanets defined by having orbital periods $$ 10 $R_{\oplus}$). Several theories attempt to explain the formation and composition of USP planets: they could be remnant cores of larger gas giants that lost their atmospheres due to photo-evaporation or Roche lobe overflow, or they could have developed through mass accretion in the innermost part of the protoplanetary disk. The radius and mass distribution of USP planets could provide important clues to distinguish between potential formation mechanisms. In this study, we first verify and update the Kepler catalog of USP planet host star properties, incorporating new data collected by the Gaia mission where applicable. We then use the transit depths measured by Kepler to derive a radius distribution and present occurrence rates for USP planets. Using spherical and tidally distorted planet models, we then derive a mass distribution for USP planets. Comparisons between the updated USP planet mass distribution and simulated planetary systems offer further insights into the formation and evolutionary processes shaping USP planet populations.
description: Submitted to ApJ. Revised based on reviewer feedback. Comments welcome. 16 pages, 7 figures
New Physics / Resonances in Vector Boson Scattering at the LHC
Creators: name: Reuter, Juergen
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2019

description: Large Hadron Collider Physics Conference 2019, LHCP 2019, Puebla, BUAP Puebla, Mexico, 20 May 2019 - 25 May 2019
Additional file 1 of Disordered eating and self-harm as risk factors for poorer mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: a UK-based birth cohort study
Creators: name: Warne, Naomi
name: Heron, Jon
name: Mars, Becky
name: Kwong, Alex S. F.
name: Solmi, Francesca
name: Pearson, Rebecca
name: Moran, Paul
name: Bould, Helen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Information.
Photometric Calibration of the Swift Ultraviolet/Optical Telescope
Creators: name: Poole, T. S.
name: Breeveld, A. A.
name: Page, M. J.
name: Landsman, W.
name: Holland, S. T.
name: Roming, P.
name: Kuin, N. P. M.
name: Brown, P. J.
name: Gronwall, C.
name: Hunsberger, S.
name: Koch, S.
name: Mason, K. O.
name: Schady, P.
name: Berk, D. Vanden
name: Blustin, A. J.
name: Boyd, P.
name: Broos, P.
name: Carter, M.
name: Chester, M. M.
name: Cucchiara, A.
name: Hancock, B.
name: Huckle, H.
name: Immler, S.
name: Ivanushkina, M.
name: Kennedy, T.
name: Marshall, F.
name: Morgan, A.
name: Pandey, S.
name: de Pasquale, M.
name: Smith, P. J.
name: Still, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the photometric calibration of the Swift UltraViolet/Optical Telescope (UVOT) which includes: optimum photometric and background apertures, effective area curves, colour transformations, conversion factors for count rates to flux, and the photometric zero points (which are accurate to better than 4 per cent) for each of the seven UVOT broadband filters. The calibration was performed with observations of standard stars and standard star fields that represent a wide range of spectral star types. The calibration results include the position dependent uniformity, and instrument response over the 1600-8000A operational range. Because the UVOT is a photon counting instrument, we also discuss the effect of coincidence loss on the calibration results. We provide practical guidelines for using the calibration in UVOT data analysis. The results presented here supersede previous calibration results.
description: Minor improvements after referees report. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
The critical role of hot carrier cooling in optically excited structural transitions
Creators: name: Liu, Wen-Hao
name: Luo, Jun-Wei
name: Li, Shu-Shen
name: Wang, Lin-Wang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The hot carrier cooling occurs in most photoexcitation-induced phase transitions (PIPTs), but its role has often been neglected in many theoretical simulations as well as in proposed mechanisms. Here, by including the previously ignored hot carrier cooling in real-time time-dependent density functional theory (rt-TDDFT) simulations, we investigated the role of hot carrier cooling in PIPTs. Taking IrTe2 as an example, we reveal that the cooling of hot electrons from the higher energy levels of spatially extended states to the lower energy levels of the localized Ir-Ir dimer antibonding states strengthens remarkably the atomic driving forces and enhances atomic kinetic energy. These two factors combine to dissolute the Ir-Ir dimers on a timescale near the limit of atomic motions, thus initiating a deterministic kinetic phase transition. We further demonstrate that the subsequent cooling induces nonradiative recombination of photoexcited electrons and holes, leading to the ultrafast recovery of the Ir-Ir dimers observed experimentally. These findings provide a complete picture of the atomic dynamics in optically excited structural phase transitions.
description: 20 pages, 8 figures
Contribution of dielectrics to frequency and noise of NbTiN superconducting resonators
Creators: name: Barends, R.
name: Hortensius, H. L.
name: Zijlstra, T.
name: Baselmans, J. J. A.
name: Yates, S. J. C.
name: Gao, J. R.
name: Klapwijk, T. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study NbTiN resonators by measurements of the temperature dependent resonance frequency and frequency noise. Additionally, resonators are studied covered with SiOx dielectric layers of various thicknesses. The resonance frequency develops a non-monotonic temperature dependence with increasing SiOx layer thickness. The increase in the noise is independent of the SiOx thickness, demonstrating that the noise is not dominantly related to the low temperature resonance frequency deviations.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
On the partial trace over collective spin-degrees of freedom
Creators: name: Hamdouni, Yamen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive analytical properties for the degeneracy $ν(N,j)$ occurring in the decomposition $\bigoplus\limits_{j}^\frac{N}{2}ν(N,j)\mathbb C^{2j+1}$ of the state space $\mathbb C^{2\otimes N}$. We also investigate the dynamics of two qubits coupled via Ising interactions to separate spin baths, and we study the thermodynamic limit.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures, minor typographical errors fixed
Enhancing $d$-wave superconductivity with nearest-neighbor attraction of extended Hubbard model
Creators: name: Jiang, Mi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the recent discovery of the anomalously nearest-neighbor attraction arising from the electron-phonon coupling, we quantitatively investigate the enhancing effects of this additional attractive channel on the $d$-wave SC based on dynamic cluster quantum Monte Carlo calculations of doped two-dimensional extended Hubbard model with nearest-neighbor attraction $-V$. Focusing on the range of $0
description: 6 pages, 4 figures. To appear in PRB
Effect of random pinning on nonlinear dynamics and dissipation of a vortex driven by a strong microwave current
Creators: name: Pathirana, W. P. M. R.
name: Gurevich, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report numerical simulations of a trapped elastic vortex driven by a strong ac magnetic field $H(t)=H\sinωt$ parallel to the surface of a superconducting film. The surface resistance and the power dissipated by an oscillating vortex perpendicular to the film surface were calculated as functions of $H$ and $ω$ for different spatial distributions, densities, and strengths of pinning centers, including bulk pinning, surface pinning, and cluster pinning. Our simulations were performed for both the Bardeen-Stephen viscous vortex drag and the Larkin-Ovchinnikov (LO) drag coefficient $η(v)$ decreasing with the vortex velocity $v$. The local residual surface resistance $R_i(H)$ calculated for different statistical realizations of the pinning potential exhibits strong mesoscopic fluctuations caused by local depinning jumps of a vortex segment as $H$ increases, but the global surface resistance $\bar{R}_i(H)$ obtained by averaging $R_i(H)$ over different pin configurations increases smoothly with the field amplitude at small $H$ and levels off at higher fields. For strong pinning, the LO decrease of $η(v)$ with $v$ can result in a nonmonotonic field dependence of $R_i(H)$ which decreases with $H$ at higher fields, but cause a runaway instability of the vortex in a thick film for weak pinning. It is shown that overheating of a single moving vortex can produce the LO-like velocity dependence of $η(v)$, but can mask the decrease of the surface resistance with $H$ at a higher density of trapped vortices.
Reliability of structures with load history-dependent strength and an application to wood members
Creators: name: Yao, Zhao-Cheng
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Because of an interaction between the load history and the material's properties a reduction in the serviceability of safety of a structure may be seen as the result of a random process of damage accumulation with time. A damage model is proposed and verified to deal with this type of problem in general, and specifically with duration-of-load effects in timber structures. Through comparisons with and discussion of other damage accumulation models, the proposed model is found to be both suitable to represent experimental results and relatively easy to use. A reliability analysis for a single structural member with a service life of 30 years is studied for different snow loading conditions of three Canadian cities,using the damage model in combination with Rackwitz-Fissler's algorithm. A simplified analysis method is proposed and compared with a large-scale Monte-Carlo simulation. The results of the reliability analysis are found to be satisfactory. Finally, the implementation of the reliability analysis in a simple design guideline for load duration effects is discussed.
Fractional statistics of charge carriers in the one- and two-dimensional t-J model. A hint for the cuprates?
Creators: name: Marchetti, Pieralberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81V74, 81V27, 81V70

description: We show that we can interpret the exact solution of the one-dimensional t-J model in the limit of small J in terms of charge carriers with both exchange (braid) and exclusion (Haldane) statistics with parameter 1/2. We discuss an implementation of the same statistics in the two-dimensional t-J model, emphasizing similarities and differences with respect to one dimension. In both cases the exclusion statistics is a consequence of the no-double occupation constraint. We argue that the application of this formalism to hole-doped high Tc cuprates and the derived composite nature of the hole give a hint to grasp many unusual properties of these materials.
A search for B+ --> tau+ nu with Hadronic B tags
Creators: name: The BABAR Collaboration
name: Aubert, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a search for the decay B^+ --> tau^+ nu using $383 \times 10^{6}}$ BBbar pairs collected at the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the BABAR detector at the SLAC PEP-II B Factory. We select a sample of events with one completely reconstructed tag B in a hadronic decay mode ($B^- \to D^{(*)0} X^-$), and examine the rest of the event to search for a B^+ --> tau^+ nu decay. We identify the tau lepton in the following modes: tau^+ --> e^+ nu nu,tau^+ --> mu^+ nu nu, tau^+ --> pi^+ nu and tau^+ --> pi^+ pi^0 nu. We find a 2.2 sigma excess in data and measure a branching fraction of B(B+ --> tau^+ nu) = (1.8^{+0.9}_{-0.8}(stat.) \pm 0.4(bkg. syst.) \pm 0.2 (other syst.)) \times 10^{4}. We calculate the product of the B meson decay constant f_{B} and |V_{ub}| to be f_{B} |V_{ub}| = (10.1^{+2.3}_{-2.5}(stat.)^{+1.2}_{-1.5}(syst.))\times10^{-4} GeV
description: 8 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Physics Review D - Rapid Communications
Additional file 3 of Whole-genome sequencing-based phylogeny, antibiotic resistance, and invasive phenotype of Escherichia coli strains colonizing the cervix of women in preterm labor
Creators: name: Williams, Marvin
name: Jones, Alyssa B.
name: Maxedon, Amanda L.
name: Tabakh, Jennifer E.
name: McCloskey, Cindy B.
name: Bard, David E.
name: Heruth, Daniel P.
name: Chavez-Bueno, Susana
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 3. Invasion into intestinal epithelial cells by each E. coli isolate.
Additional file 1 of Repeated LPS induces training and tolerance of microglial responses across brain regions
Creators: name: Kim, Jennifer
name: Sullivan, Olivia
name: Lee, Kristen
name: Jao, Justin
name: Tamayo, Juan
name: Madany, Abdullah Muhammad
name: Wong, Brandon
name: Ashwood, Paul
name: Ciernia, Annie Vogel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Supplementary Material 1