cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Radiation shielding of protoplanetary discs in young star-forming regions
Creators: name: Wilhelm, Martijn J. C.
name: Zwart, Simon Portegies
name: Cournoyer-Cloutier, Claude
name: Lewis, Sean C.
name: Polak, Brooke
name: Tran, Aaron
name: Mac Low, Mordecai-Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Protoplanetary discs spend their lives in the dense environment of a star forming region. While there, they can be affected by nearby stars through external photoevaporation and dynamic truncations. We present simulations that use the AMUSE framework to couple the Torch model for star cluster formation from a molecular cloud with a model for the evolution of protoplanetary discs under these two environmental processes. We compare simulations with and without extinction of photoevaporation-driving radiation. We find that the majority of discs in our simulations are considerably shielded from photoevaporation-driving radiation for at least 0.5 Myr after the formation of the first massive stars. Radiation shielding increases disc lifetimes by an order of magnitude and can let a disc retain more solid material for planet formation. The reduction in external photoevaporation leaves discs larger and more easily dynamically truncated, although external photoevaporation remains the dominant mass loss process. Finally, we find that the correlation between disc mass and projected distance to the most massive nearby star (often interpreted as a sign of external photoevaporation) can be erased by the presence of less massive stars that dominate their local radiation field. Overall, we find that the presence and dynamics of gas in embedded clusters with massive stars is important for the evolution of protoplanetary discs.
description: 23 pages, 22 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Molecular dynamics simulations of the structure and phase behaviour of model lipid membranes and the effect of hydrostatic pressure
Creators: name: Carter, James
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: Lipid membranes have a rich and complex phase behaviour, involving topological changes to the three-dimensional shape of the membrane, changes to the molecular packing within the membrane and changes to molecular conformations. Studying this phase behaviour can reveal a lot about the fundamental chemistry and physics which govern these systems and the roles that this phase behaviour might play in biological processes. In this work, molecular dynamics simulations are used to investigate the structure, properties and phase behaviour of a range of different lipid membrane systems. The widely used MARTINI model is shown to be able to reproduce the gel/fluid phase transition in single component membranes and Lo/Ld phase separation in ternary mixtures with qualitative agreement with experiment. The compositions of the Lo and Ld phases are calculated and the ternary phase diagram is plotted revealing a wide Lo/Ld coexistence region. The p-T solid/liquid phase diagram for the MARTINI water model is also calculated as a useful resource for future simulations. Non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations are used to show that a thermal gradient across a membrane can induce asymmetry in the cholesterol composition and flip-flop process. The effect of the thermal gradient and cholesterol asymmetry on the structure of the membrane is also investigated at steady-state. Cholesterol is found to be thermophobic, with a higher affinity for the colder membrane leaflet due to the more ordered lipid tails. The gel phases formed by different MARTINI POPC topologies are compared revealing very different structures. A new backmapping definition for the current MARTINI POPC topology is defined and used to generate an atomistic gel phase. Simulations using the slipids forcefield show that the final gel phase structure is strongly dependent on the initial configuration. Finally, methods to generate a primitive bicontinuous cubic phase and to calculate the optimum water per lipid ratio in a cubic phase are presented. The effectiveness of both methods is demonstrated by simulations using a new MARTINI topology for monoelaidin.
Analysis of water reuse potential for irrigation in Lebanon
Creators: name: Eid-Sabbagh, K.
name: Roukoz, S.
name: Nassif, Marie-Helene
name: Velpuri, Naga
name: Mateo-Sagasta, Javier
name: Eid-Sabbagh, K.
name: Roukoz, S.
name: Nassif, Marie-Helene
name: Velpuri, Naga
name: Mateo-Sagasta, Javier
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Water reuse
subject: Water potential
subject: Irrigation water
subject: Analysis
subject: Wastewater treatment plants
subject: Municipal wastewater
subject: Databases
subject: Modelling
subject: Geographical information systems
subject: Water resources
subject: Water management
subject: Water budget
subject: Water balance
subject: Supply and demand
subject: Water demand
subject: Water governance
subject: Water rights
subject: Water availability
subject: Water use
subject: Water shortage
subject: Irrigation requirements
subject: Infrastructure
subject: Groundwater
subject: Water supply
subject: Wells
subject: Water quality
subject: Regulations
subject: Parameters
subject: Domestic water
subject: Agricultural land
subject: Irrigation systems
subject: Water authorities
subject: Stakeholders
subject: Non-governmental organizations
subject: Economic crises
subject: Financial situation
subject: Case studies
subject: Lebanon
subject: Ablah Wastewater Treatment Plant
subject: Zahleh Wastewater Treatment Plant
subject: Aintourine Wastewater Treatment Plant
subject: Ijbaa Wastewater Treatment Plant
subject: Chabriha/Sour Wastewater Treatment Plant
subject: Hammana Wastewater Treatment Plant
subject: Iaat Wastewater Treatment Plant
subject: Yammouneh Wastewater Treatment Plant

description: Water scarcity and pollution are major threats for human development in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, and Lebanon is no exception. Wastewater treatment and reuse in agriculture can contribute to addressing the increasing water crisis in the MENA region. However, what is the actual potential of water reuse as a solution for agriculture in Lebanon? This report addresses this question and provides the most comprehensive assessment of water reuse potential up to now. Using geographic information system (GIS) modelling and the best and most recent data available in the country, the report develops a detailed technical assessment of the quantities of treated water available for safe reuse in irrigation, and identifies the wastewater treatment plants that have the highest potential for that purpose. The report also examines the governance barriers that need to be overcome for the water reuse potential to materialize in practice. These barriers include structural shortcomings in the wastewater sector combined with challenges of governance and the lack of a regulatory framework for reuse management. Once the current economic, financial and political crisis in Lebanon eases, addressing these barriers will be key to achieving more and safer water reuse in the country.
Swarm Intelligence-based Extraction and Manifold Crawling Along the Large-Scale Structure
Creators: name: Awad, Petra
name: Peletier, Reynier
name: Canducci, Marco
name: Smith, Rory
name: Taghribi, Abolfazl
name: Mohammadi, Mohammad
name: Shin, Jihye
name: Tino, Peter
name: Bunte, Kerstin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The distribution of galaxies and clusters of galaxies on the mega-parsec scale of the Universe follows an intricate pattern now famously known as the Large-Scale Structure or the Cosmic Web. To study the environments of this network, several techniques have been developed that are able to describe its properties and the properties of groups of galaxies as a function of their environment. In this work we analyze the previously introduced framework: 1-Dimensional Recovery, Extraction, and Analysis of Manifolds (1-DREAM) on N-body cosmological simulation data of the Cosmic Web. The 1-DREAM toolbox consists of five Machine Learning methods, whose aim is the extraction and modelling of 1-dimensional structures in astronomical big data settings. We show that 1-DREAM can be used to extract structures of different density ranges within the Cosmic Web and to create probabilistic models of them. For demonstration, we construct a probabilistic model of an extracted filament and move through the structure to measure properties such as local density and velocity. We also compare our toolbox with a collection of methodologies which trace the Cosmic Web. We show that 1-DREAM is able to split the network into its various environments with results comparable to the state-of-the-art methodologies. A detailed comparison is then made with the public code DisPerSE, in which we find that 1-DREAM is robust against changes in sample size making it suitable for analyzing sparse observational data, and finding faint and diffuse manifolds in low density regions.
Cosmological Evolution in f(R,T) theory with Collisional Matter
Creators: name: Baffou, E. H.
name: Houndjo, M. J. S.
name: Rodrigues, M. E.
name: Kpadonou, A. V.
name: Tossa, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the evolution of the cosmological parameters, namely, the deceleration parameter $q(z)$ and the parameter of effective equation of state in a universe contains, besides the ordinary matter and dark energy, a self-interacting (collisional matter), in the generalized $f(R,T)$ theory of gravity, where $R$ and $T$ are the curvature scalar and the trace of the energy-momentum tensor, respectively. We use the generalized FRW equations the equation of continuity and obtain a differential equation of second order in $H(z)$, and solve it numerically for studying the evolution of the cosmological parameters. Two $f(R,T)$ models are considered and the results with collisional matter are compared with the ones of the $Λ$CDM model, and also with the model where there exists only non-collisional matter. The curves show that the models are acceptable because the values found for $w_{eff}$ are consistent with the observational data.
description: 17 pages and 8 figues
Coulomb drag in metallic twisted bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Escudero, Federico
name: Ardenghi, Juan Sebastián
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strongly correlated phases in twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) typically arise as transitions from a state in which the system behaves as a normal metal. In such metallic regime, electron-electron interactions usually only play a subleading role in transport measurements, compared to the dominant scattering mechanism. Here, we propose and theoretically study an exception to this based on a Coulomb drag setup between two metallic TBG, separated so that they only couple through many-body interactions. We find that by solely varying the twist angle equally in both TBG, the drag resistivity exhibits a unique maximum as the system crossovers from a degenerate to a nondegenerate regime. When the twist angles in each TBG differ, we find an anomalous drag resistivity characterized by the appearance of multiple peaks. We show that this behavior can be related to the dependence of the rectification function on the twist angle.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
LMSanitator: Defending Prompt-Tuning Against Task-Agnostic Backdoors
Creators: name: Wei, Chengkun
name: Meng, Wenlong
name: Zhang, Zhikun
name: Chen, Min
name: Zhao, Minghu
name: Fang, Wenjing
name: Wang, Lei
name: Zhang, Zihui
name: Chen, Wenzhi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Prompt-tuning has emerged as an attractive paradigm for deploying large-scale language models due to its strong downstream task performance and efficient multitask serving ability. Despite its wide adoption, we empirically show that prompt-tuning is vulnerable to downstream task-agnostic backdoors, which reside in the pretrained models and can affect arbitrary downstream tasks. The state-of-the-art backdoor detection approaches cannot defend against task-agnostic backdoors since they hardly converge in reversing the backdoor triggers. To address this issue, we propose LMSanitator, a novel approach for detecting and removing task-agnostic backdoors on Transformer models. Instead of directly inverting the triggers, LMSanitator aims to invert the predefined attack vectors (pretrained models' output when the input is embedded with triggers) of the task-agnostic backdoors, which achieves much better convergence performance and backdoor detection accuracy. LMSanitator further leverages prompt-tuning's property of freezing the pretrained model to perform accurate and fast output monitoring and input purging during the inference phase. Extensive experiments on multiple language models and NLP tasks illustrate the effectiveness of LMSanitator. For instance, LMSanitator achieves 92.8% backdoor detection accuracy on 960 models and decreases the attack success rate to less than 1% in most scenarios.
description: To Appear in the Network and Distributed System Security (NDSS) Symposium 2024, 26 February - 1 March 2024, San Diego, CA, USA; typos corrected
Magnonic Charge Pumping via Spin-Orbit Coupling
Creators: name: Ciccarelli, Chiara
name: Hals, Kjetil M. D.
name: Irvine, Andrew
name: Novak, Vit
name: Tserkovnyak, Yaroslav
name: Kurebayashi, Hidekazu
name: Brataas, Arne
name: Ferguson, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interplay between spin, charge, and orbital degrees of freedom has led to the development of spintronic devices like spin-torque oscillators, spin-logic devices, and spin-transfer torque magnetic random-access memories. In this development spin pumping, the process where pure spin-currents are generated from magnetisation precession, has proved to be a powerful method for probing spin physics and magnetisation dynamics. The effect originates from direct conversion of low energy quantised spin-waves in the magnet, known as magnons, into a flow of spins from the precessing magnet to adjacent normal metal leads. The spin-pumping phenomenon represents a convenient way to electrically detect magnetisation dynamics, however, precessing magnets have been limited so far to pump pure spin currents, which require a secondary spin-charge conversion element such as heavy metals with large spin Hall angle or multi-layer layouts to be detectable. Here, we report the experimental observation of charge pumping in which a precessing ferromagnet pumps a charge current, demonstrating direct conversion of magnons into high-frequency currents via the relativistic spin-orbit interaction. The generated electric current, differently from spin currents generated by spin-pumping, can be directly detected without the need of any additional spin to charge conversion mechanism and amplitude and phase information about the relativistic current-driven magnetisation dynamics. The charge-pumping phenomenon is generic and gives a deeper understanding of the recently observed spin-orbit torques, of which it is the reciprocal effect and which currently attract interest for their potential in manipulating magnetic information. Furthermore, charge pumping provides a novel link between magnetism and electricity and may find application in sourcing alternating electric currents.
description: 3 figures
Systematic analysis of prognostic miRNAs and isomiRs in prostate cancer
Creators: name: Rana, Sharmila
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2020

description: There are no reliable prognostic indicators to distinguish between indolent and aggressive prostate cancer (PCa). Consequently, 42–66% of patients with indolent PCa are over-treated. Additionally, 15-45% of patients treated with radical prostatectomy (RP) experience biochemical recurrence (BCR) within 5-years, highlighting an urgent need for reliable prognostic biomarkers. MiRNAs (miRs) and isomiRs (miR isoforms) are non-coding regulatory RNAs that hold ideal biomarker properties such as detection in circulation, tissue and tumour specific expression profiles, and correlation with PCa development and progression. I hypothesised that miR species (canonical miRs and isomiRs) can be utilised as biomarkers for reliable PCa prognostication. A novel database of prognostic PCa miRs was built by performing a systematic review of relevant publications in the PubMed database. MiRs significantly associated with BCR were also identified following a meta-analysis of six datasets. MiR-148a-3p and miR-582-4p were identified as potential biomarker candidates as they were consistently prognostic in both the review and meta-analysis. The ability of miR species to predict BCR post-RP was tested with elastic net regularisation models using The Cancer Genome Atlas PCa dataset (recurrent=61, non-recurrent=330). Models based on a combination of isomiRs and clinical markers achieved marginally greater predictive power (AUC=0.795) than the model solely based on clinical markers (AUC=0.748), demonstrating that isomiRs could contribute additional prognostic value to the clinical markers currently used. The mechanism by which miR-27a-3p, a PCa-specific putative oncomiR, promotes tumour growth was investigated using RNA-seq data from LNCaP tumour xenograft models treated with a miR-27a-3p inhibitor (n=3) and control (n=3). 11 significantly dysregulated genes involved in apoptosis and oncogenic signalling were identified as likely mir-27a-3p targets. This study has not only furthered our understanding of the importance of miRs in PCa, but also identified potential prognostic miR biomarkers and showed the inclusion of miR species increases the utility of current markers.
Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Transarterial injection of recombinant human type-5 adenovirus H101 in combination with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) improves overall and progressive-free survival in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
Creators: name: Lin, Xiao-Jun
name: Qi-Jiong Li
name: Lao, Xiang-Ming
name: Yang, Han
name: Li, Sheng-Ping
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Flow diagram and randomization of study population. (DOCX 15Â kb)
Supplementary Methods and Results
Creators: name: Zheng, Jin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 60504 Microbial Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary Methods and Results for Diverse methylmercury (MeHg) producers and degraders inhabit acid mine drainage sediments but only a few taxa correlate with MeHg accumulation
Higgs sector extension of the neutrino minimal standard model with thermal freeze-in production mechanism
Creators: name: Matsui, Hiroki
name: Nojiri, Mihoko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The neutrino minimal Standard Model (νMSM) is the minimum extension of the standard model. In this model, the Dodelson-Widrow mechanism (DW) produces keV sterile neutrino dark matter (DM) and the degenerate GeV heavy Majorana neutrinos lead to leptogenesis. However, the DW mechanism has been ruled out by Lyman-α bounds and X-ray constraints. An alternative scenario that evades these constraints has been proposed, where the sterile neutrino DM is generated by the thermal freeze-in mechanism via a singlet scalar. In this paper, we consider a Higgs sector extension of the νMSM to improve dark matter sectors and leptogenesis scenarios, focusing on the thermal freeze-in production mechanism. We discuss various thermal freeze-in scenarios for the production of keV-MeV sterile neutrino DM with a singlet scalar, and reinvestigate the Lyman-α bounds and the X-ray constraints on the parameter regions. Furthermore, we propose thermal freeze-in leptogenesis scenarios in the extended νMSM. The singlet scalar needs to be TeV scale in order to generate the observed DM relic density and baryon number density with the thermal freeze-in production mechanism.
description: 31 pages, 17 figures, Published version in Phys. Rev. D
Copepods as biocontrols of an invasive mosquito in the UK
Creators: name: Russell, Marie C.
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2021

description: Aedes albopictus mosquitoes are highly invasive and are capable of transmitting debilitating diseases such as dengue, yellow fever, Zika, and chikungunya to humans. Cyclopoid copepods have previously been suggested as biocontrol agents against aedine mosquitoes, but they are rarely incorporated by most vector control programs due to heavy reliance on pyrethroid insecticides. In this thesis, I conducted a series of analyses to inform future Ae. albopictus biocontrol strategies in the UK. First, I used a meta-analysis approach to investigate the existing evidence for both consumptive and non-consumptive effects of predation on mosquito populations. I found that predation generally results in smaller mosquito body size, and this non-consumptive effect can lead to lower rates of disease transmission. Since Ae. albopictus are predicted to establish throughout most of England and Wales within the next fifty years, I examined the efficacy of UK copepod species against invasive larvae at temperatures that they are likely to experience in South East England. I found that cyclopoid copepods are effective predators against newly-hatched Ae. albopictus larvae across temperatures from 15 to 25°C, and that these predators exhibit type II functional response curves, indicating their suitability as biocontrols. The invasive mosquito larvae prey were preferred by copepod predators when both invasive Ae. albopictus prey and resident Culex pipiens prey were made available. I did not find any significant change in development time or size of Ae. albopictus mosquitoes that were exposed to copepod predation during the later stages of larval development. The absence of non-consumptive effects on Ae. albopictus may be due to their lack of a shared evolutionary history with UK copepod predators. In summary, my findings support the integration of local cyclopoid copepods as biocontrols into future vector control programs that target Ae. albopictus in the UK.
A small vocabulary database of ultrasound image sequences of vocal tract dynamics
Creators: name: Castillo, Margareth
name: Rubio, Felipe
name: Porras, Dagoberto
name: Contreras-Ortiz, Sonia H.
name: Sepúlveda, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper presents a new database consisting of concurrent articulatory and acoustic speech data. The articulatory data correspond to ultrasound videos of the vocal tract dynamics, which allow the visualization of the tongue upper contour during the speech production process. Acoustic data is composed of 30 short sentences that were acquired by a directional cardioid microphone. This database includes data from 17 young subjects (8 male and 9 female) from the Santander region in Colombia, who reported not having any speech pathology.
Coexistence of Merons with Skyrmions in the Centrosymmetric van der Waals Ferromagnet Fe5GeTe2
Creators: name: Casas, Brian W.
name: Li, Yue
name: Moon, Alex
name: Xin, Yan
name: McKeever, Conor
name: Macy, Juan
name: Petford-Long, Amanda K.
name: Phatak, Charudatta M.
name: Santos, Elton J. G.
name: Choi, Eun Sang
name: Balicas, Luis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fe$_{5-x}$GeTe$_2$ is a centrosymmetric, layered van der Waals (vdW) ferromagnet that displays Curie temperatures $T_c$ (270-330 K) that are within the useful range for spintronic applications. However, little is known about the interplay between its topological spin textures (e.g., merons, skyrmions) with technologically relevant transport properties such as the topological Hall effect (THE), or topological thermal transport. Here, we show via high-resolution Lorentz transmission electron microscopy that merons and anti-meron pairs coexist with Néel skyrmions in Fe$_{5-x}$GeTe$_2$ over a wide range of temperatures and probe their effects on thermal and electrical transport. We detect a THE, even at room $T$, that senses merons at higher $T$s as well as their coexistence with skyrmions as $T$ is lowered indicating an on-demand thermally driven formation of either type of spin texture. Remarkably, we also observe an unconventional THE in absence of Lorentz force and attribute it to the interaction between charge carriers and magnetic field-induced chiral spin textures. Our results expose Fe$_{5-x}$GeTe$_2$ as a promising candidate for the development of applications in skyrmionics/meronics due to the interplay between distinct but coexisting topological magnetic textures and unconventional transport of charge/heat carriers.
description: In press. Four figures in the main text. Includes SI file with 19 additional figures
A LED-based Functional Light Source for the Characterization of Thin Film Solar Cells
Creators: name: Islam, Md. Saidul
name: Farhad, Syed Farid Uddin
name: Islam, Md. Saidul
name: Tanvir, Nazmul Islam
name: Islam, Suravi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A light source of selective functionalities of wavelengths, illumination periods, and intensities is desirable for investigating performance parameters as well as the quality of different layers and interfaces of solar cells. Conventional light sources used for these types of research are expensive, space-consuming, cumbersome to work with, and have limited functionalities. We have developed a light source with variable wavelength, intensity, and illumination period to address these issues using an illumination period control unit, voltage regulator, neutral density filter, alterable light emitting diodes, etc. As a proof-of-concept, we employed our constructed light source to investigate the intensity, wavelength, illumination period modulated photovoltaic, and impedance properties of inorganic thin film solar cells such as cadmium telluride (CdTe) and copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS) using lights of wavelength 410, 520, and 635 nm. We hope to use this light source for photophysical and photochemical studies of metal oxide materials used for renewable energy research.
description: 4 pages, 7 figures
Properties of effective massive Yang-Mills theory in the limit of vanishing vector boson mass
Creators: name: Gegelia, J.
name: Meißner, U. -G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-loop corrections to the pole mass of the vector boson and the pole masses and the magnetic moments of fermions are calculated in the framework of an effective field theory of massive Yang-Mills fields interacting with fermions. It is shown that the limit of vanishing vector boson mass is finite for all these quantities. Implications of the obtained results are discussed.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
Persistent effects of inertia on diffusion-influenced reactions: Theoretical methods and applications
Creators: name: Lee, Sangyoub
name: Traytak, Sergey D.
name: Seki, Kazuhiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Cattaneo-Vernotte model has been widely studied to take momentum relaxation into account in transport equations. Yet, the effect of reactions on the Cattaneo-Vernotte model has not been fully elucidated. At present, it is unclear how the current density associated with reactions can be expressed in the Cattaneo-Vernotte model. Herein, we derive a modified Cattaneo-Vernotte model by applying the projection operator method to the Fokker-Planck-Kramers equation with a reaction sink. The same modified Cattaneo-Vernotte model can be derived by a Grad procedure. We show that the inertial effect influences the reaction rate coefficient differently depending on whether the intrinsic reaction rate constant in the reaction sink term depends on the solute relative velocity or not. The momentum relaxation effect can be expressed by a modified Smoluchowski equation including a memory kernel using the Cattaneo-Vernotte model. When the intrinsic reaction rate constant is independent of the reactant velocity and is localized, the modified Smoluchowski equation should be generalized to include a reaction term without a memory kernel. When the intrinsic reaction rate constant depends on the relative velocity of reactants, an additional reaction term with a memory kernel is required because of competition between the current density associated with the reaction and the diffusive flux during momentum relaxation. The competition effect influences even the long-time reaction rate coefficient.
description: 2 figures
Additional file 2: Table S2. of Rates of pneumonia among children and adults with chronic medical conditions in Germany
Creators: name: Pelton, Stephen
name: Shea, Kimberly
name: Farkouh, Raymond
name: Strutton, David
name: Braun, Sebastian
name: Jacob, Christian
name: Klok, Rogier
name: Gruen, Elana
name: Weycker, Derek
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: High risk-conditions: Diagnosis, procedure, and drug codes for algorithms identifying baseline risk factors and study measures. (DOC 70 kb)
Fission dynamics within time-dependent Hartree-Fock: deformation-induced fission
Creators: name: Goddard, P. M.
name: Stevenson, P. D.
name: Rios, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Background: Nuclear fission is a complex large-amplitude collective decay mode in heavy nuclei. Microscopic density functional studies of fission have previously concentrated on adiabatic approaches based on constrained static calculations ignoring dynamical excitations of the fissioning nucleus, and the daughter products. Purpose: To explore the ability of dynamic mean-field methods to describe fast fission processes beyond the fission barrier, using the nuclide $^{240}$Pu as an example. Methods: Time-dependent Hartree-Fock calculations based on the Skyrme interaction are used to calculate non-adiabatic fission paths, beginning from static constrained Hartree-Fock calculations. The properties of the dynamic states are interpreted in terms of the nature of their collective motion. Fission product properties are compared to data. Results: Parent nuclei constrained to begin dynamic evolution with a deformation less than the fission barrier exhibit giant-resonance-type behaviour. Those beginning just beyond the barrier explore large amplitude motion but do not fission, whereas those beginning beyond the two-fragment pathway crossing fission to final states which differ according to the exact initial deformation. Conclusions: Time-dependent Hartree-Fock is able to give a good qualitative and quantitative description of fast fission, provided one begins from a sufficiently deformed state.
description: Amended version, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. C. 22 pages, 20 figures, 7 tables
title: Οι ζύμες στην οινολογία και στην ποτοποιία
title: Yeasts in oenology and distillery
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Κουμπούρας, Αντώνης
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Δυτικής Αττικής
Year: 2023
Subjects: Ζύμες
Οινοποίηση
Saccharomyces
Non-Saccharomyces
Αλκοολούχα ποτά
Ταξινόμηση ζυμών
Εκκινητές ζύμωσης

description: Η αλκοολική ζύμωση είναι ίσως ο αρχαιότερος βιοτεχνολογικός μετασχηματισμός στην ανθρώπινη ιστορία. Οι χημικές αναλύσεις αρχαιολογικών δειγμάτων στην Κίνα, το Ιράν, την Αίγυπτο ή τη Γεωργία εντοπίζουν την παραγωγή οίνου και άλλων ποτών που έχουν υποστεί ζύμωση. Η σύγχρονη κατανόησή μας για τη διαδικασία ζύμωσης προέρχεται από το έργο του Γάλλου χημικού Louis Pasteur. Ο Παστέρ ήταν ο πρώτος που απέδειξε πειραματικά ότι τα ποτά που έχουν υποστεί ζύμωση προέρχονται από τη δράση της ζωντανής ζύμης που μετατρέπει τη γλυκόζη σε αιθανόλη. Η πτυχιακή αυτή αποτελεί μια βιβλιογραφική ανασκόπηση περί των ζυμών όπου γίνεται αναφορά σε: - Ιστορική αναδρομή για την ανακάλυψη των ζυμών ως μικροοργανισμοί. - Ταξινόμηση των ζυμών και κατάταξή τους στα είδη και στα γένη. - Ζωή των ζυμών- συνθήκες ανάπτυξης, - χημική σύσταση, κύκλος ζωής, διατροφή. - Το γένος Saccharomyces και τα στελέχη του. - Ρόλο των ζυμομυκήτων στις διαδικασίες ζύμωσης. - Ζύμες Οινοποίησης. - Εκκινητές ζύμη οίνου Saccharomyces. - Non- Saccharomyces Ζυμομύκητες στην παραγωγή οίνου. - Επίδραση των ζυμών non-Saccharomyces στο άρωμα του οίνου. - Τριπλές μικτές καλλιέργειες ζυμών. - Ζύμες σε ζυμώσεις αλκοολούχων ποτών. - Ζύμες στην παραγωγή οινοπνευματωδών ποτών με βάση τα δημητριακά.
Interplay of degeneracy and non-degeneracy in fluctuations propagation in coherent feed-forward loop motif
Creators: name: Roy, Tuhin Subhra
name: Nandi, Mintu
name: Chaudhury, Pinaki
name: Chattopadhyay, Sudip
name: Banik, Suman K
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a stochastic framework to decipher fluctuations propagation in classes of coherent feed-forward loops. The systematic contribution of the direct (one-step) and indirect (two-step) pathways is considered to quantify fluctuations of the output node. We also consider both additive and multiplicative integration mechanisms of the two parallel pathways (one-step and two-step). Analytical expression of the output node's coefficient of variation shows contributions of intrinsic, one-step, two-step, and cross-interaction in closed form. We observe a diverse range of degeneracy and non-degeneracy in each of the decomposed fluctuations term and their contribution to the overall output fluctuations of each coherent feed-forward loop motif. Analysis of output fluctuations reveals a maximal level of fluctuations of the coherent feed-forward loop motif of type 1.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures
The galaxy-halo connection from a joint lensing, clustering and abundance analysis in the CFHTLenS/VIPERS field
Creators: name: Coupon, J.
name: Arnouts, S.
name: van Waerbeke, L.
name: Moutard, T.
name: Ilbert, O.
name: van Uitert, E.
name: Erben, T.
name: Garilli, B.
name: Guzzo, L.
name: Heymans, C.
name: Hildebrandt, H.
name: Hoekstra, H.
name: Kilbinger, M.
name: Kitching, T.
name: Mellier, Y.
name: Miller, L.
name: Scodeggio, M.
name: Bonnett, C.
name: Branchini, E.
name: Davidzon, I.
name: De Lucia, G.
name: Fritz, A.
name: Fu, L.
name: Hudelot, P.
name: Hudson, M. J.
name: Kuijken, K.
name: Leauthaud, A.
name: Fèvre, O. Le
name: McCracken, H. J.
name: Moscardini, L.
name: Rowe, B. T. P.
name: Schrabback, T.
name: Semboloni, E.
name: Velander, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new constraints on the relationship between galaxies and their host dark matter halos, measured from the location of the peak of the stellar-to-halo mass ratio (SHMR), up to the most massive galaxy clusters at redshift $z\sim0.8$ and over a volume of nearly 0.1~Gpc$^3$. We use a unique combination of deep observations in the CFHTLenS/VIPERS field from the near-UV to the near-IR, supplemented by $\sim60\,000$ secure spectroscopic redshifts, analysing galaxy clustering, galaxy-galaxy lensing and the stellar mass function. We interpret our measurements within the halo occupation distribution (HOD) framework, separating the contributions from central and satellite galaxies. We find that the SHMR for the central galaxies peaks at $M_{\rm h, peak} = 1.9^{+0.2}_{-0.1}\times10^{12} M_{\odot}$ with an amplitude of $0.025$, which decreases to $\sim0.001$ for massive halos ($M_{\rm h} > 10^{14} M_{\odot}$). Compared to central galaxies only, the total SHMR (including satellites) is boosted by a factor 10 in the high-mass regime (cluster-size halos), a result consistent with cluster analyses from the literature based on fully independent methods. After properly accounting for differences in modelling, we have compared our results with a large number of results from the literature up to $z=1$: we find good general agreement, independently of the method used, within the typical stellar-mass systematic errors at low to intermediate mass (${M}_{\star} < 10^{11} M_{\odot}$) and the statistical errors above. We have also compared our SHMR results to semi-analytic simulations and found that the SHMR is tilted compared to our measurements in such a way that they over- (under-) predict star formation efficiency in central (satellite) galaxies.
description: 31 pages, 18 figures, 4 table. Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Online material available at http://www.cfhtlens.org
Paracheilinus flavianalis Kuiter and Allen 1999
Creators: name: Tea, Yi-Kai
name: Walsh, Fenton
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Perciformes
Labridae
Paracheilinus
Paracheilinus flavianalis

description: Paracheilinus flavianalis Kuiter and Allen, 1999
Yellowfin Flasher Wrasse
Figures 5C, 8A–D, 9
 Paracheilinus sp. 1 — Kuiter and Debelius, 1994: 232 (field guide, underwater photograph from Indonesia).
 Paracheilinus flavianalis Kuiter and Allen, 1999: 123 (holotype WAM P.30836-007, Scott Reef, north-western shelf of Western Australia); Kuiter and Tonozuka, 2004: 496 (field guide, underwater photos from Indonesia); Michael, 2009: 287 (field guide, underwater photos from Indonesia); Kuiter, 2010: 115 (field guide, underwater photos from Indonesia); Allen and Erdmann, 2012: 707 (field guide, underwater photo from Triton Bay, West Papua).
  Diagnosis.—  Dorsal-fin rays IX,11; anal-fin rays III,9; pectoral-fin rays 14; pelvic-fin rays I,5; pored lateral-line scales 14–17 þ 5–10 ¼ 19–27; gill rakers 4–6 þ 7–10 ¼ 11–16; body depth 3.1–3.5 in SL; head length 2.7–3.2 in SL; snout length 3.8–5.1 in HL; orbit diameter 3.0– 4.6 in HL; interorbital width 3.7–4.9 in HL; least depth of caudal peduncle 1.9–3.0 in HL; caudal peduncle length 1.6–2.5 in HL; TP males with 1–4 (usually one) elongate, red filamentous dorsal-fin rays, longest dorsal-fin soft ray 1.8–3.6 in SL; pelvic fin length 1.9–2.9 in HL; caudal fin of TP males round without filamentous lobes; caudal-fin length 3.8–4.4 in SL; body with stripe pattern B; anal fin uniformly yellow or orangey yellow, basal third usually lined with a horizontal row of blue spots (sometimes incomplete or completely absent).
  Remarks.—  Paracheilinus flavianalis is most similar to P. amanda, P. carpenteri, P. mccoskeri, and P. rubricaudalis (see comparisons in description of P. amanda above). The members of this species complex are mostly allopatric, with P. flavianalis overlapping only very narrowly with P. mccoskeri in Bali and P. carpenteri in Sulawesi (Fig. 6C). It usually possesses a single red dorsal-fin filament, but individuals may possess anywhere between one to four filaments (Fig. 8). Paracheilinus flavianalis is known from southern and eastern Indonesia, from Bali eastwards across the Lesser Sunda Islands, southern Sulawesi, the Moluccas, and West Papua. It also occurs in Timor Leste. In Australia, it occurs in Evans and Flinders Shoals, Timor Sea, off northeast Darwin, Northern Territory, and Ashmore, Scott, Seringapatam, and Hibernia Reefs in the north-western shelf of Western Australia (Fig. 9).
  Etymology.—  The species is named flavianalis in reference to the characteristic yellow anal fin.
description: Published as part of Tea, Yi-Kai & Walsh, Fenton, 2023, Review of Australian Species of Paracheilinus Fourmanoir (Teleostei: Labridae), with Description of a New Species from the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea, pp. 397-415 in Ichthyology & Herpetology 111 (3) on page 411, DOI: 10.1643/i2023019, http://zenodo.org/record/13744838
Development of materials characterisation and modelling methods under hot stamping conditions
Creators: name: Zhang, Ruiqiang
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2021

description: Hot stamping of sheet steels is used widely in the automotive industry to form safety panel components with complex shapes and high strength. Characterisation and modelling of the formability of materials under hot stamping conditions are essential for the process optimisation and applications. Due to the high austenitic temperature in hot stamping, however, it is difficult to evaluate the formability of the materials under these conditions using existing standard tests such as the Nakajima and Marciniak tests. In this thesis, a novel biaxial testing method has been developed to determine forming limit curves (FLCs) which are the most commonly used tools for evaluating the formability, and fracture forming limit curves (FFLCs). Furthermore, a set of continuum damage mechanics (CDM)-based unified viscoplastic constitutive equations has been formulated to predict both FLCs and FFLCs for the materials under hot stamping conditions. The biaxial testing method has been applied to determine an FLC for AA5754 at room temperature, and the FLC determined has been compared with that obtained using the Nakajima test. The fracture occurred near the centre of the test specimens in all straining conditions used, and the FLCs determined using the two methods were comparable. More importantly, the biaxial testing method has been extended and applied to determine both FLCs and FFLCs for boron steel under hot stamping conditions. The resulting test specimens had a nearly uniform temperature distribution in the gauge area and fractured close to the centre of this area under all test conditions investigated. The CDM-based constitutive equations have been developed from a set of dislocation-based hardening constitutive equations, with two damage variables to model the accumulated damage leading to localised necking and fracture separately. The material constants in the equations have been determined from the curve fitting of the experimental FLCs and FFLCs. Good agreement between the computed and experimental results was observed, indicating the high flexibility of the CDM-based constitutive equations for predicting FLCs and FFLCs under hot stamping conditions.
Data Release of the AST3-2 Automatic Survey from Dome A, Antarctica
Creators: name: Yang, Xu
name: Hu, Yi
name: Shang, Zhaohui
name: Ma, Bin
name: Ashley, Michael C. B.
name: Cui, Xiangqun
name: Du, Fujia
name: Fu, Jianning
name: Gong, Xuefei
name: Gu, Bozhong
name: Jiang, Peng
name: Li, Xiaoyan
name: Li, Zhengyang
name: Tao, Charling
name: Wang, Lifan
name: Xu, Lingzhe
name: Yang, Shi-hai
name: Yu, Ce
name: Yuan, Xiangyan
name: Zhou, Ji-lin
name: Zhu, Zhenxi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: AST3-2 is the second of the three Antarctic Survey Telescopes, aimed at wide-field time-domain optical astronomy. It is located at Dome A, Antarctica, which is by many measures the best optical astronomy site on the Earth's surface. Here we present the data from the AST3-2 automatic survey in 2016 and the photometry results. The median 5$σ$ limiting magnitude in $i$-band is 17.8 mag and the light curve precision is 4 mmag for bright stars. The data release includes photometry for over 7~million stars, from which over 3,500 variable stars were detected, with 70 of them newly discovered. We classify these new variables into different types by combining their light curve features with stellar properties from surveys such as StarHorse.
description: 16 pages, 20 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
NLTE Spectra of Kilonovae
Creators: name: Pognan, Quentin
name: Grumer, Jon
name: Jerkstrand, Anders
name: Wanajo, Shinya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electromagnetic transient following a binary neutron star merger is known as a kilonova (KN). Owing to rapid expansion velocities and small ejecta masses, KNe rapidly transition into the Non-Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (NLTE) regime. In this study, we present synthetic NLTE spectra of KNe from 5 to 20 days after merger using the \texttt{SUMO} spectral synthesis code. We study three homogeneous composition, 1D multi-zone models with characteristic electron fractions of $Y_e \sim 0.35, 0.25$ and $0.15$. We find that emission features in the spectra tend to emerge in windows of reduced line blocking, as the ejecta are still only partially transparent even at 20 days. For the $Y_e \sim 0.35$ (lanthanide-free) ejecta, we find that the neutral and singly ionised species of Rb, Sr, Y and Zr dominate the spectra, all with good potential for identification. We directly test and confirm an impact of Sr on the 10000 angstrom spectral region in lanthanide-free ejecta, but also see that its signatures may be complex. We suggest the Rb I $\rm{5p^{1}}$- $\rm{5s^{1}}$ 7900 angstrom transition as a candidate for the $λ_0 \sim$ 7500--7900 angstrom P-Cygni feature in AT2017gfo. For the $Y_e \sim 0.25$ and $0.15$ compositions, lanthanides are dominant in the spectral formation, in particular Nd, Sm, and Dy. We identify key processes in KN spectral formation, notably that scattering and fluorescence play important roles even up to 20 days after merger, implying that the KN ejecta are not yet optically thin at this time.
description: 20 pages (30 with appendices), 17 figures, accepted to MNRAS
Damon Krukowski, The New Analog. Listening and Reconnecting in a Digital World, MIT Press, 2017
Creators: name: Magaudda, Paolo
Publisher: name: Tecnoscienza – Italian Journal of Science & Technology Studies
Year: 2019

description: Tecnoscienza – Italian Journal of Science & Technology Studies, Vol. 9 No. 2 (2018): Tecnoscienza Nr. 18