cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Affine Loop Optimization Based on Modulo Unrolling in Chapel
Creators: name: Sharma, Aroon
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computer engineering
subject: Computer science
subject: affine array access
subject: Chapel
subject: communication optimization
subject: data distribution
subject: message aggregation

description: This work presents modulo unrolling without unrolling (modulo unrolling WU), a method for message aggregation for parallel loops in message passing programs that use affine array accesses in Chapel, a Partitioned Global Address Space (PGAS) parallel programming language. Messages incur a non-trivial run time overhead, a significant component of which is independent of the size of the message. Therefore, aggregating messages improves performance. Our optimization for message aggregation is based on a technique known as modulo unrolling, pioneered by Barua [1] whose purpose was to ensure a statically predictable single tile number for each memory reference for tiled architectures, such as the MIT Raw Machine [2].  Modulo unrolling WU applies to data that is distributed in a cyclic or block-cyclic manner. In this paper, we adapt the aforementioned modulo unrolling technique to the difficult problem of efficiently compiling PGAS languages to message passing architectures. When applied to loops and data distributed cyclically or block-cyclically, modulo unrolling WU can decide when to aggregate messages thereby reducing the overall message count and runtime for a particular loop. Compared to other methods, modulo unrolling WU greatly simplifies the complex problem of automatic code generation of message passing code. It also results in substantial performance improvements in both runtime and communication compared to the non-optimized Chapel compiler.

To implement this optimization in Chapel, we modify the Cyclic distribution module's follower iterator and the Block Cyclic distribution module's leader and follower iterators, as opposed to creating a traditional compiler transformation. Results were collected that compare the performance of Chapel programs optimized with modulo unrolling WU and Chapel programs using the existing Chapel data distributions. Data collected on a ten-locale cluster show that on average, modulo unrolling WU used with Chapel's Cyclic distribution results in 64 percent fewer messages and a 36 percent decrease in runtime for our suite of benchmarks. Similarly, modulo unrolling WU used with Chapel's Block Cyclic distribution results in 72 percent fewer messages and a 53 percent decrease in runtime. Finally, the results from three different scaling experiments suggest that the greatest improvements from modulo unrolling WU occur when parallel follower iterator chunks of work contain the greatest number of data elements.
Two-stage penalized regression screening to detect biomarker-treatment interactions in randomized clinical trials.
Creators: name: Wang, Jixiong
name: Patel, Ashish
name: Wason, James MS
name: Newcombe, Paul J
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021

description: High-dimensional biomarkers such as genomics are increasingly being measured in randomized clinical trials. Consequently, there is a growing interest in developing methods that improve the power to detect biomarker-treatment interactions. We adapt recently proposed two-stage interaction detecting procedures in the setting of randomized clinical trials. We also propose a new stage 1 multivariate screening strategy using ridge regression to account for correlations among biomarkers. For this multivariate screening, we prove the asymptotic between-stage independence, required for familywise error rate control, under biomarker-treatment independence. Simulation results show that in various scenarios, the ridge regression screening procedure can provide substantially greater power than the traditional one-biomarker-at-a-time screening procedure in highly correlated data. We also exemplify our approach in two real clinical trial data applications.
The most massive progenitors of neutron stars: CXO J164710.2-455216
Creators: name: Belczynski, K.
name: Taam, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evolution leading to the formation of a neutron star in the very young Westerlund 1 star cluster is investigated. The turnoff mass has been estimated to be 35 Msun, indicating a cluster age ~ 3-5 Myr. The brightest X-ray source in the cluster, CXO J164710.2-455216, is a slowly spinning (10 s) single neutron star and potentially a magnetar. Since this source was argued to be a member of the cluster, the neutron star progenitor must have been very massive (M_zams > 40 Msun) as noted by Muno et al. (2006). Since such massive stars are generally believed to form black holes (rather than neutron stars), the existence of this object poses a challenge for understanding massive star evolution. We point out while single star progenitors below M_zams < 20 Msun form neutron stars, binary evolution completely changes the progenitor mass range. In particular, we demonstrate that mass loss in Roche lobe overflow enables stars as massive as 50-80 Msun, under favorable conditions, to form neutron stars. If the very high observed binary fraction of massive stars in Westerlund 1 (> 70 percent) is considered, it is natural that CXO J164710.2-455216 was formed in a binary which was disrupted in a supernova explosion such that it is now found as a single neutron star. Hence, the existence of a neutron star in a given stellar population does not necessarily place stringent constraints on progenitor mass when binary interactions are considered. It is concluded that the existence of a neutron star in Westerlund 1 cluster is fully consistent with the generally accepted framework of stellar evolution.
description: 5 pages of text and 4 figures (submitted to Astrophysical Journal)
On the growth of the Bergman kernel near an infinite-type point
Creators: name: Bharali, Gautam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 32A25, 32A36, 44A10

description: We study diagonal estimates for the Bergman kernels of certain model domains in $\mathbb{C}^2$ near boundary points that are of infinite type. To do so, we need a mild structural condition on the defining functions of interest that facilitates optimal upper and lower bounds. This is a mild condition; unlike earlier studies of this sort, we are able to make estimates for non-convex pseudoconvex domains as well. This condition quantifies, in some sense, how flat a domain is at an infinite-type boundary point. In this scheme of quantification, the model domains considered below range -- roughly speaking -- from being ``mildly infinite-type'' to very flat at the infinite-type points.
description: Significant revisions made; simpler estimates; very mild strengthening of the hypotheses on Theorem 1.2 to get much stronger conclusions than in ver.1. To appear in Math. Ann
The First Supernova Explosions: Energetics, Feedback, and Chemical Enrichment
Creators: name: Greif, Thomas H.
name: Johnson, Jarrett L.
name: Bromm, Volker
name: Klessen, Ralf S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform three-dimensional smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations in a realistic cosmological setting to investigate the expansion, feedback, and chemical enrichment properties of a 200 M_sun pair-instability supernova in the high-redshift universe. We find that the SN remnant propagates for a Hubble time at z = 20 to a final mass-weighted mean shock radius of 2.5 kpc (proper), roughly half the size of the HII region, and in this process sweeps up a total gas mass of 2.5*10^5 M_sun. The morphology of the shock becomes highly anisotropic once it leaves the host halo and encounters filaments and neighboring minihalos, while the bulk of the shock propagates into the voids of the intergalactic medium. The SN entirely disrupts the host halo and terminates further star formation for at least 200 Myr, while in our specific case it exerts positive mechanical feedback on neighboring minihalos by shock-compressing their cores. In contrast, we do not observe secondary star formation in the dense shell via gravitational fragmentation, due to the previous photoheating by the progenitor star. We find that cooling by metal lines is unimportant for the entire evolution of the SN remnant, while the metal-enriched, interior bubble expands adiabatically into the cavities created by the shock, and ultimately into the voids with a maximum extent similar to the final mass-weighted mean shock radius. Finally, we conclude that dark matter halos of at least M_vir > 10^8 M_sun must be assembled to recollect all components of the swept-up gas.
description: 16 pages, 14 figures, published in ApJ
Legitimacy of the Local Thermal Equilibrium Hypothesis in Porous Media: A Comprehensive Review
Creators: name: Al Ezzi, Amged
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 91305 Energy Generation, Conversion and Storage Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering
subject: 91505 Heat and Mass Transfer Operations
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies
subject: 91399 Mechanical Engineering not elsewhere classified

description: Local thermal equilibrium (LTE) is a frequently-employed hypothesis when analysing con- vection heat transfer in porous media. However, investigation of the non-equilibrium phenomenon exhibits that such hypothesis is typically not true for many circumstances such as rapid cooling or heating, and in industrial applications involving immediate transient thermal response, leading to a lack of local thermal equilibrium (LTE). Therefore, for the sake of appropriately conduct the technological process, it has become necessary to examine the validity of the LTE assumption before deciding which energy model should be used. Indeed, the legitimacy of the LTE hypothesis has been widely investigated in different applications and different modes of heat transfer, and many criteria have been developed. This paper summarises the studies that investigated this hypothesis in forced, free, and mixed convection, and presents the appropriate circumstances that can make the LTE hypothesis to be valid. For example, in forced convection, the literature shows that this hypothesis is valid for lower Darcy number, lower Reynolds number, lower Prandtl number, and/or lower solid phase thermal conductivity; however, it becomes invalid for higher effective fluid thermal conductivity and/or lower interstitial heat transfer coefficient.
Gamma-ray burst contributions to constraining the evolution of dark energy
Creators: name: Qi, Shi
name: Wang, Fa-Yin
name: Lu, Tan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the gamma-ray bursts' (GRBs') contributions in constraining the dark energy equation of state (EOS) at high ($1.8 < z < 7$) and at middle redshifts ($0.5 < z < 1.8$) and estimate how many GRBs are needed to get substantial constraints at high redshifts. We estimate the constraints with mock GRBs and mock type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) for comparisons. When constraining the dark energy EOS in a certain redshift range, we allow the dark energy EOS parameter to vary only in that redshift bin and fix EOS parameters elsewhere to -1. We find that it is difficult to constrain the dark energy EOS beyond the redshifts of SNe Ia with GRBs unless some new luminosity relations for GRBs with smaller scatters are discovered. However, at middle redshifts, GRBs have comparable contributions with SNe Ia in constraining the dark energy EOS.
description: 3 pages, 5 figures. Published in Astronomy and Astrophysics. Corrected reference
Search for a stochastic gravitational-wave signal in the second round of the Mock LISA Data Challenges
Creators: name: Robinson, E. L.
name: Romano, J. D.
name: Vecchio, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The analysis method currently proposed to search for isotropic stochastic radiation of primordial or astrophysical origin with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) relies on the combined use of two LISA channels, one of which is insensitive to gravitational waves, such as the symmetrised Sagnac. For this method to work, it is essential to know how the instrumental noise power in the two channels are related to one another; however, no quantitative estimates of this key information are available to date. The purpose of our study is to assess the performance of the symmetrised Sagnac method for different levels of prior information regarding the instrumental noise. We develop a general approach in the framework of Bayesian inference and an end-to-end analysis algorithm based on Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods to compute the posterior probability density functions of the relevant model parameters. We apply this method to data released as part of the second round of the Mock LISA Data Challenges. For the selected (and somewhat idealised) cases considered here, we find that a prior uncertainty of a factor ~2 in the ratio between the power of the instrumental noise contributions in the two channels allows for the detection of isotropic stochastic radiation. More importantly, we provide a framework for more realistic studies of LISA's performance and development of analysis techniques in the context of searches for stochastic signals.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures, GWDAW12 conference proceedings
Wrist-driven passive grasping: interaction-based trajectory adaption with a compliant anthropomorphic hand.
Creators: name: Gilday, Kieran
name: Hughes, Josephine
name: Iida, Fumiya
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021

description: The structure of the human musculo-skeletal systems shows complex passive dynamic properties, critical for adaptive grasping and motions. Through wrist and arm actuation, these passive dynamic properties can be exploited to achieve nuanced and diverse environment interactions. We have developed a passive anthropomorphic robot hand that shows complex passive dynamics. We require arm/wrist control with the ability to exploit these. Due to the soft hand structures and high degrees of freedom during passive-object interactions, bespoke generation of wrist trajectories is challenging. We propose a new approach, which takes existing wrist trajectories and adapts them to changes in the environment, through analysis and classification of the interactions. By analysing the interactions between the passive hand and object, the required wrist motions to achieve them can be mapped back to control of the hand. This allows the creation of trajectories which are parameterized by object size or task. This approach shows up to 86% improvement in grasping success rate with a passive hand for object size changes up to +/-50%.
description: EPSRC Doctoral Training Programme Studentship and Arm Ltd (RG99055).
Utilization of HCUP KID & SASD datasets for analysis of cost associated with pediatric leukemia of lymphoid origin in the United States
Creators: name: Sulley, Saanie
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2019

description: The cost associated with healthcare has continually increased over the years especially for oncologic care and treatment of chronic conditions. The diversity of factors affecting cost and outcomes necessitates a varied approach to addressing these issues. They necessitate continuous evaluation of cost influencers and the development of strategic plans by all stakeholders in addressing this problem. This retrospective study examined various cost influencers, patient and hospital characteristics that impact care for pediatric and adolescent patients diagnosed with leukemia of lymphoid origin. Leukemia of lymphoid origin presentation in Inpatient dataset (HCUP KID) were 62,338 (2009 & 2012) and outpatient (NJSASD) were 491(2012) at ages 0-21. A comparison group with similar age, sex were selected from the dataset. Treatment-related hospitalization cost in the dataset were selected, patients and hospital characteristics identified, and their relationship was further analyzed. Mean charges of $66,955 (95 CI, $55,076-$89,382) by region could be attributed to several days increased LOS (95 CI, 3-10 days). Moreover, factors such as race, hospital size, ownership, NCHRONIC, and NDX affect these charges. This study shows the highest charges were associated with the West Region of the country, Hispanics, therapeutic procedures and individuals less than oneyear-old. Cost variation shown in this study for therapeutic and diagnostic procedures when performed in an outpatient verse’s inpatient setting could be the key to addressing the most significant factors affecting cost. Moreover, it could decrease readmittance and risk of nosocomial infections. A difference in severity by race can also be associated with household income as noted in this study. Understanding the factors that affect access to care and coverage is necessary for a broader understanding of this phenomena. Development of specific evidenced-based protocols that guides providers in deciding to transfer a patient to alternate care facilities is essential in the approach towards LOS and cost reduction. These protocols could also aid in directing low-risk procedures to oncologic outpatient settings. Such approaches could most importantly aid in outcome improvement through effective implementation of process and structural measures.
Deconstruction of Unparticles
Creators: name: Stephanov, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss properties of hypothetical scale invariant (unparticle) matter by viewing it as a tower of massive particles. We show how peculiar properties of unparticles emerge in the limit when the mass spacing parameter Delta vanishes. We explain why unparticle cannot decay in this limit and how, for finite Delta, the decays manifest themselves in a relation between the reconstructed invariant mass and vertex displacement. We describe a model field theory in AdS5 which explicitly implements the deconstruction procedure by truncating the extra dimension to size of order 1/Delta.
description: 5 pages
Computer-Assisted Land Information System for a Rural County - RAPLI-II
Creators: name: Wunderlich, Gene
name: Wunderlich, Gene
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1978
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Land Economics/Use
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Excerpts from the report Preface: RAPLI-II is an experimental information system for data on the assessment, transfer, and use of land in Rappahannock County, Virginia. Purpose of the RAPLI-II experiment was to design an inexpensive land information system suitable for small, rural counties. This land information system, for example, can assist county assessors in analyzing the real estate tax base, preparing routine reports, and providing special data for county officials. The transaction subsystem can produce legally required records of transfers and provide data useful for title assurance. The land use data are useful to county planning officials to develop and maintain a comprehensive plan, administer zoning ordinances, control subdivision, and relate day-to-day decisions to an overall county plan for development. This experiment indicates that such counties can improve their present information system with minimal change in procedures with a net savings in resources and with substantial room for growth and improvement.
The Cops and Robber game on graphs with forbidden (induced) subgraphs
Creators: name: Joret, Gwenaël
name: Kamiński, Marcin
name: Theis, Dirk Oliver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C75, 05C38 (Primary), 91A43, 05C80 (Secondary)

description: The two-player, complete information game of Cops and Robber is played on undirected finite graphs. A number of cops and one robber are positioned on vertices and take turns in sliding along edges. The cops win if, after a move, a cop and the robber are on the same vertex. The minimum number of cops needed to catch the robber on a graph is called the cop number of that graph. In this paper, we study the cop number in the classes of graphs defined by forbidding one or more graphs as either subgraphs or induced subgraphs. In the case of a single forbidden graph we completely characterize (for both relations) the graphs which force bounded cop number. En passant, we bound the cop number in terms of tree-width.
Transverse Wave Propagation in Relativistic Two-fluid Plasmas around Schwarzschild-de Sitter Black Hole
Creators: name: Ali, M. Hossain
name: Rahman, M. Atiqur
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate transverse electromagnetic waves propagating in a plasma influenced by the gravitational field of the Schwarzschild-de Sitter black hole. Applying 3+1 spacetime split we derive the relativistic two-fluid equations to take account of gravitational effects due to the event horizon and describe the set of simultaneous linear equations for the perturbations. We use a local approximation to investigate the one-dimensional radial propagation of Alfvén and high frequency electromagnetic waves. We derive the dispersion relation for these waves and solve it for the wave number $k$ numerically.
description: Accepted for publication in IJTP; (20 pages, 6 figures)
Approximating a Wavefunction as an Unconstrained Sum of Slater Determinants
Creators: name: Beylkin, Gregory
name: Mohlenkamp, Martin J.
name: Pérez, Fernando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The wavefunction for the multiparticle Schrödinger equation is a function of many variables and satisfies an antisymmetry condition, so it is natural to approximate it as a sum of Slater determinants. Many current methods do so, but they impose additional structural constraints on the determinants, such as orthogonality between orbitals or an excitation pattern. We present a method without any such constraints, by which we hope to obtain much more efficient expansions, and insight into the inherent structure of the wavefunction. We use an integral formulation of the problem, a Green's function iteration, and a fitting procedure based on the computational paradigm of separated representations. The core procedure is the construction and solution of a matrix-integral system derived from antisymmetric inner products involving the potential operators. We show how to construct and solve this system with computational complexity competitive with current methods.
description: 30 pages
Species diversity and movement traits alter biodiversity spillover in reconstructed grasslands
Creators: name: Sperry, Katie
name: Hilfer, Hayley
name: Lane, Ian
name: Petersen, Jessica
name: Dixon, Phil
name: Sullivan, Lauren
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: R
community ecology
distance-dependent relationships
spillover
restoration

description: This R Code and data is for the analysis described in "Species diversity and movement traits alter spillover biodiversity in reconstructed grasslands" by Sperry et al. and published in Journal of Applied Ecology.
Enhanced X-ray Emission from the Most Radio-Powerful Quasar in the Universe's First Billion Years
Creators: name: Connor, Thomas
name: Bañados, Eduardo
name: Stern, Daniel
name: Carilli, Chris
name: Fabian, Andrew
name: Momjian, Emmanuel
name: Rojas-Ruiz, Sofía
name: Decarli, Roberto
name: Farina, Emanuele Paolo
name: Mazzucchelli, Chiara
name: Earnshaw, Hannah P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present deep (265 ks) Chandra X-ray observations of PSO J352.4034$-$15.3373, a quasar at z=5.831 that, with a radio-to-optical flux ratio of R>1000, is one of the radio-loudest quasars in the early universe and is the only quasar with observed extended radio jets of kpc-scale at $z \gtrsim 6$. Modeling the X-ray spectrum of the quasar with a power law, we find a best fit of $Γ= 1.99^{+0.29}_{-0.28}$, leading to an X-ray luminosity of $L_{2-10} = 1.26^{+0.45}_{-0.33} \times 10^{45}\ {\rm erg}\ {\rm s}^{-1}$ and an X-ray to UV brightness ratio of $α_{\rm OX} = -1.36 \pm 0.11$. We identify a diffuse structure 50 kpc (${\sim}8^{\prime\prime}$) to the NW of the quasar along the jet axis that corresponds to a $3σ$ enhancement in the angular density of emission and can be ruled out as a background fluctuation with a probability of P=0.9985. While with few detected photons the spectral fit of the structure is uncertain, we find that it has a luminosity of $L_{2-10}\sim10^{44}\ {\rm erg}\ {\rm s}^{-1}$. These observations therefore potentially represent the most distant quasar jet yet seen in X-rays. We find no evidence for excess X-ray emission where the previously-reported radio jets are seen (which have an overall linear extent of $0.^{\prime\prime}28$), and a bright X-ray point source located along the jet axis to the SE is revealed by optical and NIR imaging to not be associated with the quasar.
description: 16 pages, 7 Figures. Accepted for publication the Astrophysical Journal
Exploring Human Mobility for Multi-Pattern Passenger Prediction: A Graph Learning Framework
Creators: name: Kong, Xiangjie
name: Wang, Kailai
name: Hou, Mingliang
name: Xia, Feng
name: Karmakar, Gour
name: Li, Jianxin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Traffic flow prediction is an integral part of an intelligent transportation system and thus fundamental for various traffic-related applications. Buses are an indispensable way of moving for urban residents with fixed routes and schedules, which leads to latent travel regularity. However, human mobility patterns, specifically the complex relationships between bus passengers, are deeply hidden in this fixed mobility mode. Although many models exist to predict traffic flow, human mobility patterns have not been well explored in this regard. To reduce this research gap and learn human mobility knowledge from this fixed travel behaviors, we propose a multi-pattern passenger flow prediction framework, MPGCN, based on Graph Convolutional Network (GCN). Firstly, we construct a novel sharing-stop network to model relationships between passengers based on bus record data. Then, we employ GCN to extract features from the graph by learning useful topology information and introduce a deep clustering method to recognize mobility patterns hidden in bus passengers. Furthermore, to fully utilize Spatio-temporal information, we propose GCN2Flow to predict passenger flow based on various mobility patterns. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first work to adopt a multipattern approach to predict the bus passenger flow from graph learning. We design a case study for optimizing routes. Extensive experiments upon a real-world bus dataset demonstrate that MPGCN has potential efficacy in passenger flow prediction and route optimization.
Higgs boson searches at LEP
Creators: name: Teixeira-Dias, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we report on the legacy of Higgs boson searches at LEP. Specifically, the results of the statistical combination of the searches carried out by the ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL experiments are presented. In the search for the Standard Model (SM) Higgs boson, a signal with mh<114.4 GeV/c^2 has been excluded at the 95% confidence level (CL) or higher. The LEP collaborations also carried out extensive searches for Higgs particles predicted by many scenarios beyond the Standard Model. Here we can only report on a very small fraction of these searches and refer the reader to the complete list of LEP-combined search results.
description: 3 pages, 2 figures; submitted for proceedings of EPS HEP2007 Conference (19-25 July; Manchester, UK)
Economics of Rural Fire Protection in the Great Plains
Creators: name: Childs, Dan
name: Doeksen, Gerald
name: Frye, Jack
name: Childs, Dan
name: Doeksen, Gerald
name: Frye, Jack
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1977
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Public Economics
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Excerpt from the report Summary: Data and easy-to-use procedures are presented to help local decisionmakers analyze alternative rural fire protection systems. Data are based on a ten-county area of northwestern Oklahoma and an example, using the procedure, is worked out for Ames, Oklahoma. The example demonstrated that Ames can expect 19 fires a year with an average firefighting system cost of $289 per fire. Applicable throughout most of the Great Plains, the procedure is also useful in other U.S. regions where conditions are similar. Blank forms are furnished to help decisionmakers estimate level of fire protection needed, capital and operating costs, and yearly costs. Alternative financial arrangements, training, and regulations are discussed.
Spatially resolved spectroscopy across stellar surfaces. IV. F, G, & K-stars: Synthetic 3D spectra at hyper-high resolution
Creators: name: Dravins, Dainis
name: Ludwig, Hans-Günter
name: Freytag, Bernd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-precision stellar analyses require hydrodynamic 3D modeling. Such models predict changes across stellar disks of spectral line shapes, asymmetries, and wavelength shifts. For testing models in stars other than the Sun, spatially resolved observations are feasible from differential spectroscopy during exoplanet transits, retrieving spectra of stellar surface segments that successively become hidden behind the transiting planet, as shown in Papers I, II, and III. Synthetic high-resolution spectra over extended spectral regions are now available from 3D models. Similar to other ab initio simulations, these data contain patterns that have not been specifically modeled but may be revealed after analyses analogous to those of a large volume of observations. From five 3D models spanning T=3964-6726K (approx. spectral types K8V-F3V), synthetic spectra at hyper-high resolution (R>1,000,000) were analyzed. Selected FeI and FeII lines at various positions across stellar disks were searched for patterns between different lines in the same star and for similar lines between different stars. Such patterns are identified for representative photospheric lines of different strengths, excitation potential, and ionization level, encoding the hydrodynamic 3D structure. Line profiles and bisectors are shown for various stars at different positions across stellar disks. Absolute convective wavelength shifts are obtained as differences to 1D models, where such shifts do not occur. Observable relationships for line properties are retrieved from realistically complex synthetic spectra. Such patterns may also test very detailed 3D modeling, including non-LTE effects. While present results are obtained at hyper-high spectral resolution, the subsequent Paper V examines their practical observability at realistically lower resolutions, and in the presence of noise.
description: 17 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Estimating the Number of HIV+ Latino MSM Using RDS, SS-PSE, and the Census
Creators: name: Budzban, Nicholas
name: Silverio, Katherine
name: Matta, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents a method for estimating the overall size of a hidden population using results from a respondent driven sampling (RDS) survey. We use data from the Latino MSM Community Involvement survey (LMSM-CI), an RDS dataset that contains information collected regarding the Latino MSM communities in Chicago and San Francisco. A novel model is developed in which data collected in the LMSM-CI survey serves as a bridge for use of data from other sources. In particular, American Community Survey Same-Sex Householder data along with UCLA's Williams Institute data on LGBT population by county are combined with current living situation data taken from the LMSM-CI dataset. Results obtained from these sources are used as the prior distribution for Successive-Sampling Population Size Estimation (SS-PSE) - a method used to create a probability distribution over population sizes. The strength of our model is that it does not rely on estimates of community size taken during an RDS survey, which are prone to inaccuracies and not useful in other contexts. It allows unambiguous, useful data (such as living situation), to be used to estimate population sizes.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures
Biblical Metaschematism as a Device for Religious Transfer - Paul’s Communicative Strategy in a Situation of Religious Contact
Creators: name: Stünkel, Knut Martin
Publisher: name: Ruhr-Universität Bochum
Year: 2015
Subjects: Religious transfer; metaschematism; Paul; J.G. Hamann; schematic interaction

description: Paul’s use of the concept of metaschematism in the First and Second Letter to the Corinthians, and in the Letter to the Philippians can be examined as a significant example of religious transfer in the form of negotiation of schemata on the level of object language that tries to establish a meta-language through negotiation of schemata.
By metaschematizing, mental and behavioral dispositions become interfaces linking different systems together, though in an asymmetrical manner.
By taking into account the role of metaschematic processes in medicinal and philosophical contexts, the article intends to scrutinize the role of metaschematism in schematic interaction.
description: Entangled Religions, Vol 2 (2015)
Wormhole geometry from real feasible matter sources
Creators: name: Rahaman, F.
name: Kalam, M.
name: Rahman, K. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a prescription of real feasible sources that supply fuel to construct a traversable wormhole. A class of exact solutions for Einstein-Maxwell field equations describing wormhole with an anisotropic matter distribution has been presented. The anisotropy plays a crucial role for the existence of the spacetime comprising wormhole geometry.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures. To appear in Int.J.Theor.Phys
Analysis of the information flow of pesticide related metabolism studies
Creators: name: Worseck, Stephan
name: Frenzel, Falko
name: Opialla, Tobias
name: Kuhl, Thomas
name: Lurman, Glenn
name: Burchardt, Alina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: pesticides
subject: metabolism studies
subject: Metapath
subject: Iuclid
subject: Germany
subject: http://id.agrisemantics.org/gacs/C284
subject: http://id.agrisemantics.org/gacs/C2724

description: This report gives a complete description of the current information flow for pesticide related metabolism studies, the relevant terms and concepts, the tools that are used and the data collection system. Based on a critical analysis supported by a survey, the BfR developed proposals for short and long-term improvements of the information flow. The proposal contains ideas for improvement of the MetaPath software package and the use of it in the context of pesticide applications with IUCLID. This document is also a collection of user requirements, not necessarily formulated with one concrete technical solution. Different technical solutions are also proposed and BfR made an analysis of the pros and cons of these solutions. This document (available in pdf format and in zip file including attachments) is meant to support a decision process but should not be considered as defined action plan. For any question related to the report, please contact https://connect.efsa.europa.eu/RM/s/new-ask-efsa-request
description: DE; PDF; pesticides.mrl@efsa.europa.eu
Status of the Standard Model at the LHC Start
Creators: name: Altarelli, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I present a concise review of where we stand in particle physics today. First, I will discuss QCD, then the electroweak sector and finally the motivations and the avenues for new physics beyond the Standard Model.
description: Plenary Talk at the 5th Italian Workshop on p-p Physics at the LHC. 13 pages, no figures
From Capillary Condensation to Interface Localization Transitions in Colloid Polymer Mixtures Confined in Thin Film Geometry
Creators: name: De Virgiliis, Andres
name: Vink, Richard L. C.
name: Horbach, Jürgen
name: Binder, Kurt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Monte Carlo simulations of the Asakura-Oosawa (AO) model for colloid-polymer mixtures confined between two parallel repulsive structureless walls are presented and analyzed in the light of current theories on capillary condensation and interface localization transitions. Choosing a polymer to colloid size ratio of q=0.8 and studying ultrathin films in the range of D=3 to D=10 colloid diameters thickness, grand canonical Monte Carlo methods are used; phase transitions are analyzed via finite size scaling, as in previous work on bulk systems and under confinement between identical types of walls. Unlike the latter work, inequivalent walls are used here: while the left wall has a hard-core repulsion for both polymers and colloids, at the right wall an additional square-well repulsion of variable strength acting only on the colloids is present. We study how the phase separation into colloid-rich and colloid-poor phases occurring already in the bulk is modified by such a confinement. When the asymmetry of the wall-colloid interaction increases, the character of the transition smoothly changes from capillary condensation-type to interface localization-type. The critical behavior of these transitions is discussed, as well as the colloid and polymer density profiles across the film in the various phases, and the correlation of interfacial fluctuations in the direction parallel to the confining walls. The experimental observability of these phenomena also is briefly discussed.
description: 36 pages, 15 figures
Absence of diagonal force constants in cubic Coulomb crystals.
Creators: name: Andrews, Bartholomew
name: Conduit, Gareth
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020

description: The quasi-harmonic model proposes that a crystal can be modelled as atoms connected by springs. We demonstrate how this viewpoint can be misleading: a simple application of Gauss's law shows that the ion-ion potential for a cubic Coulomb system can have no diagonal harmonic contribution and so cannot necessarily be modelled by springs. We investigate the repercussions of this observation by examining three illustrative regimes: the bare ionic, density tight-binding and density nearly-free electron models. For the bare ionic model, we demonstrate the zero elements in the force constants matrix and explain this phenomenon as a natural consequence of Poisson's law. In the density tight-binding model, we confirm that the inclusion of localized electrons stabilizes all major crystal structures at harmonic order and we construct a phase diagram of preferred structures with respect to core and valence electron radii. In the density nearly-free electron model, we verify that the inclusion of delocalized electrons, in the form of a background jellium, is enough to counterbalance the diagonal force constants matrix from the ion-ion potential in all cases and we show that a first-order perturbation to the jellium does not have a destabilizing effect. We discuss our results in connection to Wigner crystals in condensed matter, Yukawa crystals in plasma physics, as well as the elemental solids.
The Structure of the Homunculus. III. Forming a Disk and Bipolar Lobes in a Rotating Surface Explosion
Creators: name: Smith, Nathan
name: Townsend, Richard H. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a semi-analytic model for shaping the nebula around eta Carinae that accounts for the simultaneous production of bipolar lobes and an equatorial disk through a rotating surface explosion. Material is launched normal to the surface of an oblate rotating star with an initial kick velocity that scales approximately with the local escape speed. Thereafter, ejecta follow ballistic orbital trajectories, feeling only a central force corresponding to a radiatively reduced gravity. Our model is conceptually similar to the wind-compressed disk model of Bjorkman & Cassinelli, but we modify it to an explosion instead of a steady line-driven wind, we include a rotationally-distorted star, and we treat the dynamics somewhat differently. Continuum-driving avoids the disk inhibition that normally operates in line-driven winds. Our model provides a simple method by which rotating hot stars can simultaneously produce intrinsically bipolar and equatorial mass ejections, without an aspherical environment or magnetic fields. Although motivated by eta Carinae, the model may have generic application to other LBVs, B[e] stars, or SN1987A's nebula. When near-Eddington radiative driving is less influential, our model generalizes to produce bipolar morphologies without disks, as seen in many PNe.
description: ApJ accepted, 9 pages
Equation of state and more from lattice regularized QCD
Creators: name: Karsch, Frithjof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results from a calculation of the QCD equation of state with two light (up, down) and one heavier (strange) quark mass performed on lattices with three different values of the lattice cut-off. We show that also on the finest lattice analyzed by us observables sensitive to deconfinement and chiral symmetry restoration, respectively, vary most rapidly in the same temperature regime.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures; to appear in the proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Ultra-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions: Quark Matter 2008 (QM2008), Jaipur, India, Feb 4-10, 2008
Exclusive $B \rar ρ\ell^+ \ell^-$ Decay in the Standard Model with Fourth--Generation
Creators: name: Zeynali, K.
name: Bashiry, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the influence of the fourth generation of quarks on the branching ratio, the CP-asymmetry and the polarization asymmetries in $B \rar ρ\ell^+ \ell^-$ decay. Taking $|V_{t'd}V_{t'b}|\sim 0.001$ with phase about $10^\circ$, which is consistent with the $sin2ϕ_1$ of the CKM and the $B_d$ mixing parameter $Δm_{B_d}$, we obtain that for both ($μ, τ$) channels the branching ratio is increased and the magnitude of CP-asymmetry and polarization asymmetries decreased by the mass and mixing parameters of the 4th generation of quarks . These results can serve as a good tool to search for new physics effects, precisely, to search for the fourth generation of quarks($t', b')$ via its indirect manifestations in loop diagrams.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures
A Census of the Carina Nebula -- II. Energy Budget and Global Properties of the Nebulosity
Creators: name: Smith, Nathan
name: Brooks, Kate J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first paper in this series took a direct census of energy input from the known OB stars in the Carina Nebula, and in this paper we study the global properties of the surrounding nebulosity. We find that the total IR luminosity of Carina is about 1.2E7 Lsun, accounting for only about 50-60% of the known stellar luminosity from Paper I. Similarly, the ionizing photon luminosity -- (abridged; many important details omitted). Synchronized star formation around the periphery of Carina provides a strong case that star formation here was indeed triggered by stellar winds and UV radiation. This second generation appears to involve a cascade toward preferentially intermediate- and low-mass stars, but this may soon change when eta Car and its siblings explode. If the current reservoir of atomic and molecular gas can be tapped at that time, massive star formation may be rejuvinated around the periphery of Carina much as if it were a young version of Gould's Belt. Also, when these multiple SNe occur, the triggered second generation will be pelted repeatedly with SN ejecta bearing short-lived radioactive nuclides. Carina may therefore represent the most observable analog to the cradle of our own Solar System.
description: MNRAS accepted, 14 pages, fig 1 in color
One-loop phi-MHV amplitudes using the unitarity bootstrap: the general helicity case
Creators: name: Glover, E. W. N.
name: Mastrolia, Pierpaolo
name: Williams, Ciaran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a Higgs boson coupled to gluons via the five-dimensional effective operator H tr G_{μν}G^{μν}. We treat H as the real part of a complex field phi that couples to the selfdual gluon field strengths and compute the one-loop corrections to the phi-MHV amplitudes involving phi, two negative helicity gluons and an arbitrary number of positive helicity gluons. Our results generalise earlier work where the two negative helicity gluons were constrained to be colour adjacent. We use four-dimensional unitarity to construct the cut-containing contributions and the recently developed recursion relations to obtain the rational contribution for an arbitrary number of external gluons. We solve the recursion relations and give explicit results for up to four external gluons. These amplitudes are relevant for Higgs plus jet production via gluon fusion in the limit where the top quark mass is large compared to all other scales in the problem.
description: 55 pages, 8 figures, JHEP3 class, references added, typos corrected