cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Nicotine-pathological angiogenesis and genetic determinants
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Atherosclerosis ("hardening of the arteries") leads to narrowing and blockage of blood vessels. Blockage of a vessel can lead to heart attack (if the narrowing is in a heart artery) or stroke(if the narrowing is in a brain vessel). Tobacco accelerates hardening of the arteries. Recently, there has been great excitement about a new approach to treating blockages. The body is capable of making small vessels around a blockage, a sort of "biological bypass". These biological bypasses provide some blood flow around a blockage, and can thereby prevent a heart attack, and relieve pain. There is now a much better understanding of the process by which these biological bypasses form. Indeed we have found growth factors that can accelerate the growth of biological bypasses. Some of these growth factors are now undergoing clinical trials to see if they will help people with blockages in their vessels.

 We have been studying the process by which biological bypasses form. To our great surprise. we have found that nicotine accelerates the formation of biological bypasses. In two of our animal models, we have found that nicotine increases blood vessel formation 2-4 fold. The increased formation of these little bypasses improves blood flow in an animal model of vessel blockage.

 This is an exciting and unexpected finding. It may shift how we think about tobacco-related diseases. It may lead to new therapies.

 The growth of biological bypasses can be good, when they are improving blood flow to parts of the body supplied by blocked vessels. However, the growth of biological bypasses can be bad, such as when they are supplying a tumor, or allowing the growth of a plaque in the vessel (plaques need small vessels as they enlarge).

 Perhaps some of tobacco's effects (to cause tumor, and to accelerate plaque growth) may be explained by the effect of nicotine to stimulate biological bypass formation. Indeed, we have found that nicotine accelerates the growth of blood vessels to tumors, and increases tumor growth. We have also found that nicotine accelerates the growth of tiny blood vessels into plaque, thereby accelerating plaque growth.

 Now we plan to discover the genes that are responsible for the effect of nicotine. These studies may lead to new therapies to treat tumor and plaque.
Molecular predictors of oral cancer development
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Oral cancer is the 6th most common form of cancer in the world. The vast majority are caused by tobacco. Despite advances in its management, the 5-year survival rate has remained disappointingly low, at about 40%, for the past several decades. This indicates the need for new strategies to improve outcome. One such strategy is to better understand the earliest forms of oral cancer, in the precancerous stage, with the long-term aim of preventing progression to fully developed disease. Oral dysplasia (precancer) is the single most important risk factor for oral cancer; however, only about 20% of all patients with precancer will ever progress to malignancy. Presently, for the individual patient with precancer, there are no reliable markers that indicate which lesion will progress to oral cancer. Therefore, it is important to identify new markers, present in precancerous lesions, which may predict oral cancer development.

 This study will study the development of oral cancer by examining a large group of patients with oral precancer who have been followed in a specialized clinic for several years. By doing this we now know which patient with oral precancer went on to oral cancer and who did not. We will study the expression of new molecules (markers), that we discovered using gene hunting technology (gene chips), in these tissues to determine which of these markers can distinguish patients that go on to oral cancer from those that do not. To do this we will use a new technique called TaqMan PCR that can be applied to paraffin embedded tissue biopsies that the patients had several years earlier.

 This work is innovative because it takes advantage of state-of-the-art technical advances to assess markers in one of the largest groups of patients with oral precancers and cancers with several years of follow-up. This is exceptionally difficult material to collect and thus provides a unique opportunity to identify molecular markers that may help predict oral cancer. We expect that our approach will identify important markers that are altered during the progression of oral precancer to oral cancer. These results will be significant because they are expected to provide new markers for screening and for preventive measures.
The Critic and the Cure
Creators: name: Malerba, Amanda
name: Hetzel, Andreas
Publisher: name: Critical Hermeneutics
Year: 2024

description: This article aims to analyze Hannah Arendt's critique of psychoanalysis in her short essay published in 1943, We refugees, in which, in the midst of her reflections on the changing social situations of Jewish refugees from the Second World War. Arendt describes psychoanalysis as an outmoded practice of a tedious elite who tell “ghost stories” based on minor events from their childhoods, which, in her perception, becomes unnecessary after the frightening events witnessed during the war. This critique in itself could already serve as an object of detailed analysis, nevertheless it becomes particularly interesting when, in the following paragraphs, Arendt proceeds to examine the suicides committed by Jewish refugees, who are supposed to be safe from the dangers of war in the countries where they are welcomed, basing her investigations on possible internal factors. This approach is very similar to Sigmund Freud's so-called social theory, describing a series of symptoms which, although they only affect individuals, have a social origin, that is, they are due to historical moments or events that individuals all together experience. Arendt discusses her suspicion of the optimism with which many Jews faced the loss of their mother tongue, the sense of feeling like victims who had to be saved and the necessity of adapting to the new habits of their new countries' cultures – whereas all of these themes are the subject of psychoanalytic studies. Lastly, the author describes an individual who would illustrate her concerns about Jewish optimism and the constant pursuit of being part of the national culture and identity: Mr. Cohn, who would become one of the most famous characters in Arendtian thought, which, in this sense, can also be compared to a clinical case, presented in psychoanalytic writing to illustrate the development of symptoms and the analysis. Despite ironizing psychoanalytic practice, the following pages will analyse whether it is possible to relate Arendt's investigation into the suicides of Jewish refugees and the fragile state in which refugees find themselves in the countries that receive them to the psychoanalytic methods criticized by the author in the same essay.
description: Critical Hermeneutics, Vol 8 No 2 (2024): Brazilian Philosophy of Psychoanalysis
Tobacco industry responses to industry-focused campaigns
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Tobacco control policy is shaped by many interrelated efforts. In recent years, public health advocates have increasingly focused attention on the tobacco industry’s role as “the vector of the tobacco epidemic” in changing views of tobacco use and building public support for tobacco control policies. There is evidence that intervention strategies that hold the tobacco industry accountable for its behavior may in fact be considerably more effective than other approaches. However, no previous studies have systematically examined how the tobacco industry appraises and responds to campaigns that focus on the industry’s role.

 Public relations theory suggests that during times of uncertainty, companies are more motivated to engage in two-way relations with their various publics. As the need for such relations increases, so does the constraint that activist groups may exert. This suggests that periods when industry-focused campaigns are undertaken may also be periods during which the industry may be highly motivated to consider changing in some way. This study will show whether this is true in the case of the tobacco industry and if so, how this plays out in internally within the organization and externally in terms of their public relations practices.

 The specific aims of the study are to 1) analyze internal tobacco industry documents in order to describe the tobacco industry’s responses to industry-focused campaigns; and 2) prepare a set of linked case studies describing and comparing these campaigns and analyzing which appear to be most effective in facilitating changes in industry behavior. Within- and cross-case analyses will explore whether specific types of campaigns appear more effective than others in promoting industry changes consistent with tobacco control objectives. The study will also describe specific strategies the industry uses to appraise and counter such campaigns and will compare its internal and external responses to various ‘publics’ when faced with such campaigns. The linked workbook of cases produced from this research will be a useful tool for tobacco control advocates to use in designing more effective campaigns and anticipating and countering industry attempts to undermine their efforts. This project addresses TRDRP’s priority interest in understanding more about the roles of anti- and pro-tobacco forces in shaping tobacco control policy.
Internet-enhanced proactive telephone counseling
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Telephone counseling services are very effective tools in helping smokers quit. One of the most respected services, the California Smokers Helpline (1-800-NO-BUTTS), receives thousands of calls each month. Because resources are limited, the service is only able counsel about half of the callers. This study will look at the use of email and the web, as an aid to the counselors of the California Smokers' Helpline, to both enhance communication and reduce costs.

 One of the reasons why telephone counseling is so effective is the one to one service offered by the counselor. The counselor uses his/her skills to respond to the client’s particular needs. The bond between counselor and client helps the client find the strength to quit. There are, however, problems with telephone counseling. Both smoker and counselor have to be available at the same time. Teaching is clearly harder over the phone as no visual aids are available. Another problem is that the counselor has no way of talking to the client between calls. Clients may be lost because counselors cannot help them during crucial times.

 We think that using the Internet may solve the problem. More and more Americans are using the Internet and about 90% of them use email. Email is useful because both people do not have to be on-line at the same time. We can also make web sites where a group of users can share information among themselves, and it is possible for one person to tailor materials to be viewed by another person.

 The project team will build a web site featuring a set of counselor-controlled tools. Working closely with the counselors from the Helpline, we will look for ways to make their work flow more efficient. The team will look for tools and material that the counselors use that bring the best results and build similar ones for use on the web. Emphasis will be put on building tools that best support the counselor's work.

 We will use the telephone, email, and the web to make the program more a part of the clients every day life. Using email and the web will also reduce the number of counselor hours required to provide the service. The site will include lessons to give the client skills for quitting, and tracking tools for the client to record and monitor his/her progress. For example, if a counselor and a client agree that the client should track his cigarette use and cut down to 5 cigarettes a day, one week prior to quitting, the web site will have the ability to detect if the smoker is having difficulty meeting this goal.

 The software will be evaluated in a series of 5 pilot studies. Each study will optimize the functioning on one part of the program.
Carineta boliviana Distant 1905
Creators: name: Sanborn, Allen F.
name: Heath, Maxine S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadidae
Carineta
Carineta boliviana

description: Carineta boliviana Distant, 1905. New record.
Carineta boliviana Distant 1905b: 484 (type material examined).
Type locality. St. Paulo and Toungas de la Paz, Bolivia
Remarks. The species was previously reported from Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru (Metcalf 1963c).
Material examined. Misiones, Puerto Iguazú, Public Campgound, 202 msnm, 7-I-2008, Hg –vapor, S 25 o 37.344’ W 54 o 32.876’, Col. Moulds, Hill & Marshall. 08.AR. MN.PIC.05 (one female, UCMS); Misiones Province, Puerto Iguazú, 28-I-1990, D. Rojas Lanus coll. (one male, AFSC).
description: Published as part of Sanborn, Allen F. & Heath, Maxine S., 2014, The cicadas of Argentina with new records, a new genus and fifteen new species (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae), pp. 1-94 in Zootaxa 3883 (1) on page 68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3883.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4951252
Critical Theory and Psychoanalysis in Leo Löwenthal
Creators: name: Fallas-Vargas, Fabrizio
Publisher: name: Critical Hermeneutics
Year: 2024

description: This study aims to analyse psychoanalysis as a basic component of Leo Löwenthal’s critical theory. It focuses on the configuration of subjectivity within late capitalism. Bearing in mind Löwenthal's idea that the culture industry is psychoanalysis in reverse, it also explores the actuality of some problematic components of the sociability that the cultural industry promotes and reproduces. They deserve to be psychoanalytically addressed.


 
description: Critical Hermeneutics, Vol 8 No 2 (2024): Brazilian Philosophy of Psychoanalysis
Carineta crassicauda Torres 1948
Creators: name: Sanborn, Allen F.
name: Heath, Maxine S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadidae
Carineta
Carineta crassicauda

description: Carineta crassicauda Torres, 1948
Carineta crassicauda Torres 1948a: 125 (type material examined).
Type locality. Catamarca, Argentina.
Remarks. Currently the species is known only from Argentina with specimens being collected in Catamarca, Salta, and Tucumán Provinces (Torres 1948a; Hayward 1960).
description: Published as part of Sanborn, Allen F. & Heath, Maxine S., 2014, The cicadas of Argentina with new records, a new genus and fifteen new species (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae), pp. 1-94 in Zootaxa 3883 (1) on page 68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3883.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4951252
Phyllodactylus eugeniae Nikolsky 1907
Creators: name: Ananjeva, Natalia B.
name: Milto, Konstantin D.
name: Barabanov, Andrei V.
name: Golynsky, Evgeny A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Squamata
Phyllodactylidae
Phyllodactylus
Phyllodactylus eugeniae

description: Phyllodactylus eugeniae NIKOLSKY (“1905” 1907: 268)
Syntypes:
ZISP 10261.1 - 22, 22 specimens, “Urbs Dizful in Arabistano” [Dezful, Khuzestan Province, Iran, 32.38 N 48.41 E]. Leg: N. A. Zarudny, 12–17.III.1904.
ZISP 10262.1 - 7, 7 specimens, “Urbs Dizful in Arabistano” [Dezful, Khuzestan Province, Iran, 32.38 N 48.41 E]. Leg: N. A. Zarudny [no date of collecting].
ZISP 10263.1 - 7, 7 specimens, “Urbs Dizful in Arabistano” [Dezful, Khuzestan Province, Iran, 32.38 N 48.41 E]. Leg: N. A. Zarudny, 11–12.III.1904.
ZISP 10349, 1 specimen, “Urbs Dizful” [Dezful, Khuzestan Province, Iran, 32.38 N 48.41 E]. Leg: N. A. Zarudny, 12.III.1904.
ZISP 10270.1 - 2, 2 specimens, “Flum. Abu-Garia (ad flum. Karun)” [Abu Karaniyeh River, Khuzestan Province, Iran, approx. 31.65 N 48.89 E]. Leg: N. A. Zarudny, 2.III.1904.
Present name: Asaccus elisae (Werner, 1895) fide Anderson (1999).
Remarks: A. M. Nikolsky in the species description listed among the paratypes one egg (as ZISP 10367) collected by N. A. Zarudny from Dezful in 12-14.III.1904. It does not appear in the ZISP catalogue.
description: Published as part of Ananjeva, Natalia B., Milto, Konstantin D., Barabanov, Andrei V. & Golynsky, Evgeny A., 2020, An annotated type catalogue of amphibians and reptiles collected by Nikolay A Zarudny in Iran and Middle Asia, pp. 101-128 in Zootaxa 4722 (2) on pages 115-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4722.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3605815
Carineta diardi
Creators: name: Sanborn, Allen F.
name: Heath, Maxine S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadidae
Carineta
Carineta diardi

description: Carineta diardi (Guérin-Méneville, 1829)
Cicada diardi Guérin-Méneville 1829: Plate 58, Fig. 1.
Cicada formosa Germar 1830: 45.
Cicada polychroa Perty 1833: 176, Plate XXXV, Fig. 2.
Cicada duvaucelii Guérin-Méneville 1838: 184.
Type locality. The type specimen was described without collection location.
Remarks. A colorful species that has been reported from Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay (Metcalf 1963c; Sanborn 2011a). It has been reported from Misiones Province in Argentina (Berg 1879; Bolcatto et al. 2006; De Santis et al. 2007) which is where we collected our specimen. The species was collected in the understory of the Paranense floristic province (Sanborn et al. 2011a).
description: Published as part of Sanborn, Allen F. & Heath, Maxine S., 2014, The cicadas of Argentina with new records, a new genus and fifteen new species (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae), pp. 1-94 in Zootaxa 3883 (1) on page 68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3883.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4951252
p53 and p14ARF: Multiple pathways of lung cancer suppression
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: This study will investigate a novel biological strategy to lung cancer treatment based on two central tumor suppressor genes, p53 and p14ARF, whose function is frequently abrogated in lung cancer. This project examines a novel treatment strategy for lung cancer that could have significance for a broad range of lung cancers that fail to be cured by conventional therapy alone. The rationale for the study comes from observations that these two tumor suppressor genes collaborate to trigger an important cellular pathway known as apoptosis, which leads to cell death. Each gene also contributes independently to cell death or arrest of cell growth through separate pathways. We hypothesize that therapies that exploit the two tumor suppressors together will provide a tumor cell-specific treatment strategy with minimal toxicity and superior tumor suppression than those based on p53 alone. We also hypothesize that a better understanding of how ARF contributes to tumor suppression alone and in combination with p53 will provide a basis for the development of more effective tumor suppressor-based therapies applicable to a broader range of lung cancers. ARF + p53-based therapies would be particularly relevant to lung cancer, which is a prime candidate for gene therapy applications in practice today, and which frequently is observed to lose ARF and/or p53. Such therapies could have a major impact for lung cancer treatment, a disease that frequently fails conventional therapy and for which new therapeutic options are urgently needed, by providing a highly effective biological alternative to conventional treatments, and possibly improving tumor responses to conventional therapy. In order to further our understanding of this central pathway in lung cancer so as to fully exploit its potential for therapy, we are proposing a research study to (1) evaluate in both cultured tumor cell lines and in a mouse model for lung cancer the efficacy of ARF-mediated suppression, alone and in combination with p53 and chemotherapeutic drugs, and (2) investigate the biological mechanism by which ARF achieves tumor suppression and identify other components of the pathway that might also be exploited for therapy.
Driven Again?
Creators: name: Entrudo Rech, Paula Mariana
name: Silveira, Léa Carneiro
Publisher: name: Critical Hermeneutics
Year: 2024

description: This paper aims to reconstruct elements of the current debate on the incorporation of psychoanalysis into Critical Theory, contrasting two of its main models: the model of self-reflection, proposed by Jürgen Habermas in Knowledge and Human Interests (1968)—and which is reflected in recent developments by Axel Honneth—and the attempt to reintegrate drive theory according to a Kleinian model, developed by Amy Allen. Based on this interlocution, the aim is to investigate the reasons that led Habermas to distance himself from Freud's drive theory, discussing its possible consequences, and then to revisit Allen's argument regarding which psychoanalytic version would better serve the objectives of Critical Theory in order to raise some questions about it.
description: Critical Hermeneutics, Vol 8 No 2 (2024): Brazilian Philosophy of Psychoanalysis
Inflammation, innate immunity, TLRs, and atherosclerosis
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Tobacco smoking, as well as breathing secondhand smoke, causes atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is basically an inflammation of the blood vessels. If the inflammation progresses to become very severe it can cause blockage of arteries in the heart or the brain, leading to a heart attack or a stroke. Our studies are aimed at understanding the mechanism of the inflammation as well as understanding recent evidence that suggests that certain microbes can exacerbate atherosclerosis. Recent research on inflammation caused by microbes has identified a family of molecules known as the Toll like receptors (TLRs) and some accessory molecules, a critical one being known as MyD88, that are essential for microbe initiated inflammation. Normally, microbe initiated inflammation is a significant part of the process of attacking and killing microbes. However, in certain instances the syndrome called septic shock can occur and the inflammation can be very damaging, even progressing to death. In this work we will study whether the TLRs and MyD88 that are involved in the inflammatory attack on microbes are also involved in the artery inflammation of atherosclerosis. We will do this in two ways. Using mice that have been bred to be especially susceptible to diet induced atherosclerosis, we will test whether genetic deletion of MyD88, TLR4, or TLR2 protects the mice against atherosclerosis. We will also study the role of TLR4 in human atherosclerosis. There is a form of TLR4 known in humans that does not function as well as the normal form. In a recent study of atherosclerosis in humans known as the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth, tissue samples were taken for further analysis. We will determine which of the individuals in the PDAY study have the non-functional form of TLR4 and attempt to relate it to the severity of atherosclerosis in those individuals through statistics. We expect that the non-functional form of TLR4 will be associated with less severe atherosclerosis. If neither the mouse study nor the human study support our hypothesis that MyD88, TLR4, or TLR2 are involved in the inflammation of atherosclerosis it will suggest that we should look to other mechanisms of inflammation for the roots to the problem in atherosclerosis.
Field dependence and working memory capacity in children's ability to copy figures within a misleading context
Creators: name: Coté, Carol A.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2008

description: Visual motor abilities are a concern for many elementary age children.  Design copying tasks are often used to assess development in this area.  The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of field dependence on a design copy task and to test the theory that this influence has a quantitative explanation.  New tasks were created which required copying designs within the misleading context of either a tilted frame or a different size frame.  Field dependence would be demonstrated if the participant was influenced by the misleading frame and constructed copies that are oriented to the frame rather than to a more appropriate external frame of reference. Working memory capacity would be shown to be related to ability on these tasks if there was a greater influence of the frames on items that involved more complex figures to be copied.  The Block Design Test and Corsi Block Tapping Test were used as standard measures of field dependence and working memory capacity.Participants included 105 children between the ages of 6 and 11 years, including 19 identified as learning disabled, and 39 adults.   Results showed that constructions made by participants were significantly affected by the misleading frames and accuracy of constructions correlated significantly with Block Design, thus providing support for the new tasks as measures of field dependence.  Adults were significantly more accurate than children but they too were influenced by the misleading frames.  Support for working memory capacity as an underlying factor was less consistent; a significant increase in the influence of the tilted frames was found with an increase in complexity of the figures, but no correlation with the memory span test was found.  The validity of a recall test as a working memory assessment is discussed.  An interactive model of working memory and inhibition as proposed by Roberts and Pennington (1996) might better account for results.  A case study illustrates the inconsistency of performance by children and how a dynamic systems model can be used to consider the role of working memory, inhibition and ongoing goal-directed action on the study tasks.
Carl Müller-Braunschweig’s Contributions to the Philosophical Reception of Psychoanalysis in Germany in the 1920s
Creators: name: Padovan, Caio
Publisher: name: Critical Hermeneutics
Year: 2024

description: This article explores Carl Müller-Braunschweig’s contributions to the interface between psychoanalysis and philosophy in 1920s Germany. We focus on one of his works, presented in 1924 at the V International Congress of Philosophy. We aim to introduce the ideas of an author little frequented by the specialized literature, especially his epistemological contributions and his place in the history of the philosophical reception of psychoanalysis, hoping to foster new and more in-depth research on the topic. As a psychoanalyst and neo-Kantian philosopher, Müller-Braunschweig sought to frame psychoanalysis within the rigors of empirical science, proposing a dialogue between psychoanalysis and philosophy along the same lines as that which existed at the time between certain natural sciences, such as physics and chemistry, and philosophy. The article problematizes the reception of his ideas and how he would have influenced subsequent philosophical and psychoanalytic debates, establishing some markers from which psychoanalysis would interact with philosophy subsequently. 
description: Critical Hermeneutics, Vol 8 No 2 (2024): Brazilian Philosophy of Psychoanalysis
Tobacco Alteration of TGF Beta3 Control of Palatogenesis
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Birth defects that affect the head and face are a common type of malformation. They occur at a rate of approximately one per 600 births. The risks for these types of birth defects are increased by both the inheritance and fetal exposure to drugs and chemicals that alter the developmental process. The incidence of birth defects is also increased in specific ethnic groups with Asians and Hispanics affected at rates approaching one per 400 births. An individual or ethnic group that has an increased risk for birth defects of the face increases the risk by using drugs or chemicals that alter facial development. It has been shown that mothers who smoke tobacco greatly increase the chances that their babies will be born with a cleft lip and/or cleft palate. The tobacco smoke contains chemicals that enter the mother’s system and interact with the baby changing the way the face develops. Some people have an even greater risk for the birth defect potential of tobacco because they have inherited a specific set of genes from their parents.

 Genes that belong to the (TGFb) transforming growth factor beta family have been associated with increasing the birth defect potential of tobacco. Transforming growth factor betas are small proteins that attach to the surface of cells and instruct the cells to perform specific functions. In animals, it has been shown that disrupting the function of these small proteins can induce a cleft palate. In this project, we will study the interaction of tobacco products and the transforming growth factor beta signaling mechanism. Understanding how they interact will provide new insight into the mechanisms that cause the formation for cleft lip/palate birth defects. In the future the results of these studies may help provide information that can be used in prenatal education for mothers to reduce the risk that their child could be born with a facial birth defect. The results could also help develop strategies to identify people with an increased risk for birth defects due to interactions of their inherited genes and exposure to environmental chemicals, such as tobacco.
A study of the nutritional and medicinal values of Moringa oleifera leaves from sub-Saharan Africa: Ghana, Rwanda, Senegal and Zambia
Creators: name: Coppin, Julia
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2008

description: Moringa oleifera is an important multipurpose tropical tree under-recognized for its nutritional and medicinal properties. Leaves of M. oleifera collected from the sub-Saharan African countries of Ghana, Rwanda, Senegal and Zambia were analyzed for their nutritional value and bioactivity by UV-Vis spectrophotometry and HPLC coupled with UV and MS detectors. Moringa leaves were found to provide low amounts of vitamin C (0.351 ± 0.046 to 0.749 ± 0.014 mg/100g DW (DW)) as determined using UV spectrophotometry. Using LC/MS, We identified α- and γ- tocopherols, α- and β- carotenes, six analogues of chlorogenic acid including 4 caffeoylquinic acids and 2 coumaroylquinic acids (structural and/or spatial isomers), and chlorogenic acid was used as the standard to estimate the amount of these six phenolic acids.  Chlorogenic acid was used as the standard to estimate the amount of these six cumulative isomers by LC/MS.  Additionally, in Moringa leaves we detected one sample containing as many as 12 flavonoids including quercetin and kaempferol glycosides with malonyl, acetyl and succinoyl acylations, among which; quercetin and kaempferol glucosides and glucoside malonates are the major constituents based on analysis of their UV and MS data.  Using LC/UV/MS, the quercetin and kaempferol aglycones of quercetin and kaempferol in acidic hydrolyzed extracts were successfully separated within 10 min and individually quantitated.  A total of 25 samples were assayed for the chlorogenic acid isomers analogs (0.181 to 0.414 mg/100 g DW), tocopherols (7.1 to 116 mg/100 g DW), carotenoids (4.49 to 45.94 mg/100 g DW) and flavonoids (0.179 to 1.643 % g DW).  The concentrations of these phytochemicals varied according to the environment, country of collection, genetics, and variety of Moringa oleifera.  The nutritional and natural products characterization of Moringa conducted in this study show that the leaves of this plant can contribute significantly to the daily recommended allowance needed for many vitamins and mineral needs as well as serve as a rich source of polyphenols, confirming the importance and role that Moringa can play to improve the health and nutrition particularly in malnourished populations.
Probing small-scale structure in galaxies with strong gravitational lensing
Creators: name: Congdon, Arthur Benjamin
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2008

description: We use gravitational lensing to study the small-scale distribution of matter in galaxies. First, we examine galaxies and their dark matter halos. Roughly half of all observed four-image quasar lenses have image flux ratios that differ from the values predicted by simple lens potentials. We show that smooth departures from elliptical symmetry fail to explain anomalous radio fluxes, strengthening the case for dark matter substructure. Our results have important implications for the ``missing satellites'' problem. We then consider how time delays between lensed images can be used to identify lens galaxies containing small-scale structure. We derive an analytic relation for the time delay between the close pair of images in a ``fold'' lens, and perform Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the utility of time delays for probing small-scale structure in realistic lens populations. We compare our numerical predictions with systems that have measured time delays and discover two anomalous lenses. Next, we consider microlensing, where stars in the lens galaxy perturb image magnifications. This is relevant at optical wavelengths, where the size of the lensed source is comparable to the Einstein radius of a typical star. Our simulations of negative-parity images show that raising the fraction of dark matter relative to stars increases image flux variability for small sources, and decreases it for large sources. This suggests that quasar accretion disks and broad-emission-line regions may respond differently to microlensing. We also consider extended sources with a range of ellipticities, which has relevance to a population of inclined accretion disks. Depending on their orientation, more elongated sources lead to more rapid variability, which may complicate the interpretation of microlensing light curves. Finally, we consider prospects for observing strong lensing by the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way, Sgr A*. Assuming a black hole on the million-solar-mass scale, we predict that the probability of observing strong lensing of a background star is roughly 56%. We also consider how lensing by Sgr A* could be used to test general relativity against alternative theories, concluding that microarcsecond resolution would make this possible.
Carineta gemella Boulard 1986
Creators: name: Sanborn, Allen F.
name: Heath, Maxine S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadidae
Carineta
Carineta gemella

description: Carineta gemella Boulard, 1986. New record.
Carineta gemella Boulard 1986: 417.
Type locality. Cano Wiraki, Venezuela.
Remarks. The species was reported previously from Brazil and Venezuela (Boulard 1986; Sanborn 2007a; 2008a).
Material examined. Misiones, Iguazú, 5-I-1997, D. Rojas Lanus coll. (one female AFSC); Misiones, Iguazú, 12-I-1997, D. Rojas Lanus coll. (one female AFSC); Misiones, Iguazú, 20-I-1997, D. Rojas Lanus coll. (one male AFSC); Chaco, Rosa Azul Misiones, I-2004, P. Wagner (seven males, one female, DECA, two males, AFSC).
description: Published as part of Sanborn, Allen F. & Heath, Maxine S., 2014, The cicadas of Argentina with new records, a new genus and fifteen new species (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae), pp. 1-94 in Zootaxa 3883 (1) on page 69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3883.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4951252
Teratoscincus bedriagai NIKOLSKY 1899
Creators: name: Ananjeva, Natalia B.
name: Milto, Konstantin D.
name: Barabanov, Andrei V.
name: Golynsky, Evgeny A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Squamata
Sphaerodactylidae
Teratoscincus
Teratoscincus bedriagai

description: Teratoscincus bedriagai NIKOLSKY (1899: 146)
Lectotype (designated by Szczerbak & Golubev 1986):
ZISP 9161, adult male, “Khadji-i-du-Chaghi” [Khvajeh Dow Chahi well, Nehbandan County, South Khorasan Province, Iran, 31.87 N 60.52 E]. Leg: N. A. Zarudny, 5.V.1898.
Paralectotypes:
BM 1946.8.23.39, 1 specimen, “ Sistan (Persia)”. [Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran, no exact locality]. Leg: N. A. Zarudny, 1898 [no collection date].
ZISP 9157, 1 specimen, “ Zirkuh in Persia orientali” [between Sangan and Neyazabad, Rasavi Khorasan Province, Iran, 34.31 N 60.25 E]. Leg: N. A. Zarudny, 16.IV.1898.
ZISP 9158, 1 juvenile, “ Zirkuh in Persia orientali” [between Khvajeh Dow Chahi and Chah-e Gusha wells, South Khorasan Province, Iran, 31.79 N 60.54 E]. Leg: N. A. Zarudny, 6.V.1898.
ZISP 9159.1 - 3, 3 specimens, “ Seistan in Persia orientali” [between Harmak and Shileh River, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran, 30.09 N 60.95 E]. Leg: N. A. Zarudny, 6.IX.1898.
ZISP 9160, 1 subadult, “ Zirkuh in Persia orientali” [between Bamrud and Mahmudabad, South Khorasan Province, Iran, 33.56 N 60.02 E]. Leg: N. A. Zarudny, 13.X.1898.
ZISP 9162, 1 subadult, “ Seistan in Persia orientali” [between Harmak and Shileh Rivers, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran, 30.09 N 60.95 E]. Leg: N. A. Zarudny, 9.VI.1898.
ZISP 9163, 1 specimen, “ Seistan in Persia orientali” [probably between Varmal and Chah Nimeh Lake, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran, approx. 30.75 N 61.45 E]. Leg: N. A. Zarudny, 23.V.1898.
Present name: Teratoscincus bedriagai Nikolsky 1899 fide Macey et al (1999), Anderson (1999) and Nazarov et al. (2017).
Remarks: The original description of this species was published in October 1899 (Asanovich et al. 2006). One paralectotype (ZISP 9163) could not be located in the ZISP collection.
description: Published as part of Ananjeva, Natalia B., Milto, Konstantin D., Barabanov, Andrei V. & Golynsky, Evgeny A., 2020, An annotated type catalogue of amphibians and reptiles collected by Nikolay A Zarudny in Iran and Middle Asia, pp. 101-128 in Zootaxa 4722 (2) on page 116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4722.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3605815
Mechanisms of spring freshet generation in southern Quebec, Canada
Creators: name: Kinnard, Christophe
name: Nemri, Saida
name: Assani, Ali
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Seasonal forecasting of spring floods in snow-covered basins is challenging due to the ambiguity in the driving processes, uncertain estimations of antecedent catchment conditions, and the choice of predictor variables. In this study, we attempt to improve the prediction of spring flow peaks in southern Quebec, Canada, by studying the preconditioning mechanisms of runoff generation and their impact on inter-annual variations in the timing and magnitude of spring peak flow. Historical observations and simulated data from a hydrological and snowmelt model were used to study the antecedent conditions that control flood characteristics in 12 unregulated snow-dominated catchments. Maximum snow accumulation (peak SWE), snowmelt and rainfall volume and intensity, soil moisture, river baseflow, and the air freezing index, a proxy for soil freezing, were estimated during the pre-flood period. Stepwise multiple linear regression was used to identify the most relevant predictors and assess their relative contribution to interannual variability flood variability. Peak SWE was not by itself a strong predictor of spring flood magnitude and timing. The snowmelt rate during the pre-flood period was the most ubiquitous and skillful predictor of spring flood magnitude, followed by the rainfall intensity. The ‘soil memory’ effect, represented here by the simulated soil moisture content and freezing depth, was generally poorly related to flood characteristics. SWE and snowmelt dynamics dominated the interannual variability of flood magnitude in the southern and agricultural basins while rainfall intensity had a stronger influence in the northern, snowier forested basins. More complex machine learning models (random forest and support vector regression) did not perform better than the simple linear models to predict peakflow from antecedent hydroclimatic factors. These results highlight the impact of climate and land cover and use on spring flood generation mechanism and the moderate predictability potential of spring floods based on antecedent hydrological factors.
The Psychological Motivations of Nazism and Its Effect on the Superego According to Judith Kestenberg
Creators: name: Caropreso, Fátima
Publisher: name: Critical Hermeneutics
Year: 2024

description: Judith Kestenberg conducted extensive research into child victims of Nazi persecution. She sought not only to understand the psychological effects of the traumatic experiences and persecution experienced by those children but also to understand the psychological processes behind Nazi ideology and behavior. The objective of this article is to present some of her hypotheses about how Nazi ideology acted on both  the victims’  and the Germans’ superegos, as well as to address her conception of the psychological motivations for Nazism. The author claims that Nazism managed to invade the superegos of both Germans and some of the victims, which meant that, in the case of the latter, the persecution continued, even after the end of the Nazi regime. She also states that the children of Nazis were also victims of this regime, whose ultimate motivation would be the Germans’ impulse to kill their own children.
description: Critical Hermeneutics, Vol 8 No 2 (2024): Brazilian Philosophy of Psychoanalysis
The effects of methylmercuric chloride exposure on immediate early gene induction in the murine brain
Creators: name: Cooper, Joel F.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2008

description: The present set of experiments was designed to examine the effects of dose, route of administration, and frequency of MeHg exposure on activation of neural stress nuclei, altered behavior in the open field and splenic cytokine production. MeHg exposure is associated with gross neuropathological alterations, behavioral deficits, and suppressed function of the immune system. Results from these experiments show that acute IP and ICV exposure of C57BL6J mice to MeHg results in increased recruitment of stress-associated nuclei, as measured by c-Fos immunoreactivity. Acute IP MeHg administration also causes dose-dependent decreases in exploratory behavior. Peripheral stimulation of the gastrointestinal vagus nerve by acute doses of MeHg could be responsible for stimulation of brainstem nuclei and activation of central stress nuclei, as peripheral exposure to LPS in vagotomized mice results in attenuated c-Fos response in limbic and autonomic regions of the murine brain. Proposed malaise-induced alterations in exploratory behavior may also be linked to vagal activation.  In Experiment 2, multiple exposures to MeHg resulted in activation of fewer neural stress nuclei and attenuation of the dose-dependent effects of MeHg on open field behavior noted in Experiment 1. Repeated MeHg treatment followed by exposure to LPS resulted in a significantly increased c-Fos response, demonstrating that the reduction in c-Fos noted in response to repeated MeHg was not due to altered protein synthesis, but more likely due to habituated effects on neurotransmission. The splenic cytokine response to acute MeHg did not significantly affect proinflammatory cytokine production, but did increase IL-2; an effect that could have resulted from T-cell proliferation. Repeated exposure to MeHg increased splenic TNF- α, IL-6 and IL-10 levels, through unknown mechanisms. However, the spleen, which functions to both monitor the circulatory system for immunological stimuli and is the central site for the reticuloendothelial immune system,  could be increasing cytokine production through macrophage-induced T-cell activation. Methylmercury has been shown in this thesis to uniquely activate stress-associated nuclei in the murine brain, inhibit exploratory behavior in the open field and increase splenic cytokine production likely due to its documented effects on both the nervous and immune systems.
The new anti-semitism Israel model: empirical tests
Creators: name: Cohen, Florette
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2008

description: Anti-Semitism is resurgent throughout much of the world. A new theoretical model of anti-Semitism is presented and tested in three experiments. The New Anti-Semitism Israel (NASI) model proposes that mortality salience increases anti-Semitism and that anti-Semitism often manifests as hostility towards Israel. Study 1 showed that mortality salience led to greater levels of anti-Semitism and higher levels of delegitimization toward Israel. This effect occurred only in a bogus pipeline condition for anti-Semitism, indicating that social desirability masks hostility towards Jews, but not for delegitimization toward Israel. Study 2 showed that mortality salience in conjunction with a bogus pipeline manipulation increased perceived justification for offensive political cartoons of Israel but not China.  In Study 3 mortality salience was sufficient to increase anti-Semitism when the anti-Semitism scale was integrated in a general assessment questionnaire. Collectively, results suggest that Jews constitute a unique cultural threat to many people's worldviews, and that anti-Semitism and hostility to Israel are related.