Slaterocoris stygicus
Creators: name: Schwartz, Michael D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Miridae
Slaterocoris
Slaterocoris stygicus

description: <i>Slaterocoris stygicus</i> (Say) Figures 13, 36–40; plates 3, 4Q; map 8 <i>Capsus stygicus</i> Say, 1832: 24 (orig. desc.). <i>Strongylocoris stygica</i>: Leonard, 1919: 178 (immature disc., illus.). <i>Strongylocoris stygicus</i>: Van Duzee, 1921: 135 (disc., in part); Knight, 1938: 7, fig. 1 (male genit.); Slater, 1950: 53, pl. 6, fig. 18 (fem. genit.). <i>Strongylocoris atratus</i>: Van Duzee: 1921: 135 (disc., in part). <i>Slaterocoris stygicus</i>: Kelton, 1959: 30, fig. 67 (male genit.); 1968: 1121, fig. 1 (disc.); Knight, 1970: 237, fig. 7 (disc.); Reid, 1974: 239 (parasit.); Reid et al., 1976: 561 (biol.); Messina, 1978: 139 (biol.); Henry and Smith, 1979: 215 (list); Wheeler et al., 1983: 142 (list); Snodgrass et al., 1984: 854 (list); Henry and Wheeler, 1988: 451 (catalog); Schuh, 1995: 199 (catalog); Wheeler 2001: 153 (biol.); Henry et al., 2005: 63 (list). <i>Slaterocoris getzendaneri</i> Knight, 1970: 251, fig. 11 (orig. desc.); Henry and Wheeler, 1988: 449 (catalog); Schuh, 1995: 198 (catalog). NEW SYNONYMY. DIAGNOSIS: Recognized by the sparse, short, brown vestiture (fig. 36B); the black femora with yellow apical portions, the pale yellow fore- and middle tibiae and brown to black hind tibia, all tibiae usually grading paler on distal half, the pale tarsomeres I and II (fig. 13); the male with antennal segments I and II black and the female with apex of segment I and middle of segment II often pale yellow. The following features of the male genitalia alone will distinguish this species: long, curved apical spines of the right paramere (figs. 37C, 38, 39I, J) the elongate curved distal portion of the left paramere (fig. 39G, H), the ventral lobe of the endosomal spicule proximal to the recurved distal region broad, flattened, and triangular, with narrow apex, reaching to middle of dorsal lobe only and the basal lateral portion of dorsal lobe with small inwardly turned spine (fig. 39A–D). Sometimes the spine is only faintly indicated, as the entire serrate basolateral portion is turned inwardly (fig. 39C, arrow). Accurate identification of the female is facilitated by the glabrous dorsum, arcuate costal margin, usually black antennal segments I and II, black femur except for the diffuse and variable pale apex, usually pale fore- and middle tibiae, and black hind tibia. REDESCRIPTION: <i>Male:</i> Large, elongate ovoid; length 3.70–4.90, width 1.73–2.10 (pl. 3). COLORATION: Shining black; except for apex of femur yellowish brown to pale yellowish brown; fore- and middle tibiae pale yellowish brown; hind tibia yellowish brown to black, paler on distal half; tarsomeres I and II pale (fig. 13); sometimes male with antennal segment I mostly pale and female with middle or most of segment II pale; sometimes pale apex of femur minimal. VESTITURE: Nearly glabrous, sparsely distributed, short, suberect, brown setae (pl. 4Q). STRUCTURE: Frons slightly striate; labium reaching base or middle of middle coxa and longer than head width; mesothoracic spiracle and metathoracic scent-efferent system as in figure 37A; pretarsus as figure 37B. costal margin slightly arcuate. GENITALIA: <b>Tergal process</b>: Long, apical points conspicuous (fig. 39F). <b>Phallotheca</b>: Aperture convoluted, open dorsally and on right side; distal margin smooth margined; left lateral surface strongly compressed (fig. 39E). <b>Endosomal spicule</b>: Ventral lobe relatively short, narrow distally, smooth marginally, sometimes with sparse serration (fig. 39A, arrow), recurved angle flat, wide (fig. 39A–D); dorsal lobe with lateral ramus long, flat, attenuate apically, marginal serration prominent; base of lateral ramus with inwardly curved spine (fig. 39A–D); medial ramus with variable length, marginally smooth (fig. 39A–D). <b>Right paramere</b>: Apical spines highly variable in arrangement and size; usually long with basalmost spines joined basally (figs. 37C, 38A, E, G, I, J, L, M, 39I); sometimes distalmost spines with points not much longer than basalmost points (figs. 38B–D, 39J, arrow); basal lobe variably serrate; serration of posterior surface reaching apex, not constricted basally (figs. 38A–M, 39I, J). <b>Left paramere</b>: Long; apex rounded (figs. 37C, 39G, H). <i>Female:</i> Large, ovate; length 3.70–5.00; width 1.83–2.35 (pl. 3). COLORATION: As in male but antennal segments I often dark basally and dusky to pale yellow distally and segment II dark on both ends and broadly pale medially; sometimes all tibia dusky pale yellow. GENITALIA: As in species group except: <b>First gonapophyses</b>: Right greater than left at overlap (fig. 40A, B). <b>Second gonapophyses</b>: Anterior medial surface slightly convex (fig. 40D). <b>Interramal sclerite</b>: Posteromedial portion with flat plate abutting ovipositor bulb (fig. 40D). HOSTS: Two genera, <i>Ambrosia</i> and <i>Solidago</i>, with <i>A. trifida</i> and <i>S. canadensis</i>, the only species-level identifications, probably contain the majority of breeding hosts based on the number of specimens and localities. Additionally, across the range of <i>S. stygicus</i>, host records for eight other genera of Asteraceae are known: <i>Achillea millefolium</i> var. <i>occidentalis</i>, <i>Artemisia</i> (an unidentified sp. and <i>A. tridentata</i>), <i>Conyza canadensis</i>, <i>Eurybia macrophylla</i>, <i>Helianthus</i> sp., <i>Leucanthemum vulgare</i>, <i>Polymnia canadensis</i>, and <i>Rudbeckia laciniata</i>. These Asteraceae and certainly the many incidences of non-asteraceous plants can be considered sitting records. Feeding by <i>S. stygicus</i> was reported by Wheeler (2001) to cause foliar chlorosis on <i>Ambrosia trifida</i>. DISTRIBUTION: The most wide-ranging and well-collected species of the genus (map 8). Occurring from west-central British Columbia to as far north as 64.906 N in the Northwest Territories, spanning east from Alberta across the Prairie Provinces to the entire Great Lakes Region, southern and Gaspe´, Quebec, reaching to Cape Breton, Nova Scotia; not known from Newfoundland. Widely distributed across the northeastern and entire midwestern United States as far south and apparently mostly west of, or within, the Appalachian Mountains to southern Georgia and Florida. West across the entire country, including eastern Texas, to the eastern front and within the Rocky Mountain cordillera from New Mexico north to Montana. Apparently absent from the interior basin region of the west, but present in the Puget trough area of Oregon and Washington with a single record from central eastern Oregon. COLLECTION SUMMARY: 2431 specimens (50 <i>%</i> with USI numbers) from 945 collection events, with earliest dates from Texas in March–April and the latest dates in early September sporadically from Saskatchewan, Montana, New York, and the District of Columbia. Throughout the entire distribution the majority of records are from May to August. DISCUSSION: Henry (1976) discussed his failed attempts to locate the heteropteran specimens of Thomas Say. He concluded that all the Say material in the Harris collection was destroyed; therefore, it is certain that the primary types (syntypes) of <i>Capsus stygicus</i> Say are also lost. Van Duzee (1921) provided notes on four species of <i>Slaterocoris</i> (as <i>Strongylocoris</i>) he presumably identified and that are retained in the CAS. Van Duzee commented that there can ‘‘be no question as to the identity of Say’s species [<i>stygicus</i>].’’ However, his determinations on specimens from some of the eastern North America localities included in Van Duzee (1921) are correctly attributed to other species of <i>Slaterocoris</i> (<i>atritibialis</i> and <i>breviatus</i> —see Other Specimens Examined for those species). To preserve the concept of <i>S. stygicus</i> as interpreted by Knight (1938, 1941, 1970) and Kelton (1968, 1980), it is prudent to designate a neotype. I have selected a male from NW Howard County, Indiana, as the <b>neotype</b> of <i>Capsus stygicus</i> Say and deposited it in the U.S. National Museum of Natural History collection (USNM). Although the structure of the apical spines in the right paramere is extremely variable in <i>S. stygicus</i>, a clear pattern in morphology was recognized after many males from across the range of the species were examined. Eastern specimens, including a typotypical example from Indiana (fig. 39I), have four long apical spines also documented from Mississippi (fig. 38G), New York (fig. 38E), and Wisconsin (fig. 38A). Those from New Mexico usually have long apical spines typical in the east restricted to the distalmost spine (fig. 38F). In slightly modified form, males from Oregon (fig. 38C), Washington (fig. 38D), and Wyoming (fig. 38K) have this type of structure. Other western specimens found in British Columbia (fig. 38H, L, M), Northwest Territories (fig. 38I), Colorado (fig. 38B), and Utah (fig. 38J) have two long apical spines. Even though the range in structure of the right paramere in these exemplar specimens is great, all have similar form in the endosomal spicule. Variation was only noted in the marginal serration of the distal portion of the ventral lobe and the length of the medial ramus of the dorsal lobe (cf. fig. 39A–D). The long apical spines of the right paramere, the expanded triangular-shaped subapical portion of the ventral lobe of the endosomal spicule, and the inwardly turned basolateral spine of the dorsal lobe are diagnostic for <i>S. stygicus</i>. Morphology similar to the right paramere of <i>S. stygicus</i> is known only in <i>S. pallipes</i>. <i>Slaterocoris pallidicornis</i> and <i>S. tanydexios</i> have the flattened subapical portion of the ventral lobe, but the apical region is either much longer (<i>S. pallidicornis</i>) or much shorter (<i>S. tanydexios</i>) and neither has the inwardly turned basal spine of the dorsal lobe. In his key, Knight (1970) separated <i>S. getzendaneri</i> from <i>S. stygicus</i> by dorsal vestiture coloration, being golden in the former and dark in the latter. Examination of the only known specimen, the glabrous male holotype of <i>S. getzendaneri</i>, revealed barely perceptible dark vestiture. In the original description of this nominal species Knight (1970) noted a distinctly arcuate costal margin, antennal segment II longer than the head length, black coloration, including the antenna and legs, with the apices of the femora and tibiae pale, sparse, short vestiture, and a distinctive right paramere. Assessing the right paramere of <i>S. getzendaneri</i> in light of the large variability documented (figs. 37C, 38A–M, 39I, J) from across the transcontinental distribution of <i>S. stygicus</i>, it is apparent that Knight’s species is included within the structural variation encountered in western specimens of <i>S. stygicus</i> (cf. figs. 39J and 38B–D, F, H–M). All the features presented in the original description of <i>S. getzendaneri</i> are as in <i>S. stygicus</i>. Despite the observed variation in the number, size, and spacing of the apical spines in the right paramere of far western specimens, the overall size, length of the lobes, the density of the marginal serration in the endosomal spicule, especially the inwardly turned basal spine of the dorsal lobe, and the curved thickened subapical portion of the ventral lobe are relatively invariant and diagnostic for <i>S. stygicus</i> (cf. fig. 39B, D). I am treating <i>S. getzendaneri</i> as a junior synonym of <i>S. stygicus</i> as none of its characteristics are unique and all are clearly contained within the diagnosis of the senior synonym. Females without associated males, with missing appendages or aberrant coloration are difficult to identify. However, the vertex of female <i>S. stygicus</i> (0.58–0.66) is narrower than in <i>S. atritibialis</i> (0.62–0.78). Females from Texas usually have pale tibiae, including the hind tibia, but antennal segment I is mostly dark and segment II is pale medially. Such coloration differs from <i>S. breviatus</i> and <i>S. pallidicornis</i> where the antennal segment II is completely pale. Some eastern females with pale antennal segment II, with the base more or less distinctly marked with a black annulus, and segment I predominantly black are distinguished from female <i>S. breviatus</i> by the distinct black annulus on segment II and the mostly pale segment I, except for the extreme base, of the latter. <i>Slaterocoris stygicus</i> was mentioned in three ecological studies concerned with plant bug associates of goldenrod (Reid, 1974; Reid et al., 1976; Messina, 1978; see Biology above). NEOTYPE: USA: Indiana: <i>Howard Co.:</i> NW Howard County [40.521676 N 86.32526 W], 23 Jun 1986 – 24 Jun 1986, D.A. Rider, 18 (AMNH _ PBI 00242967); Neotype <i>Capsus stygicus</i> Say, 1832, desig. M.D. Schwartz, 2010 [red label]. Deposited in the collection of the U.S. National Museum of Natural History (USNM), Washington, D.C. HOLOTYPE: <b> USA: Washington: <i>Pierce Co.:</i></b> Orting [47.097876 N 122.204286 W], 08 Jul 1929, C.W. Getzendaner, 18 (AMNH _ PBI 00122252) (USNM) (<i>S. getzendaneri</i>: junior synonym). OTHER SPECIMENS EXAMINED: <b>CANADA: Alberta:</b> 3 mi E of Evansburg, 53.585536 N 114.918416 W, 772 m, 09 Aug 1966, D.S. Horning, Jr., 18 (00122375), 1&amp;female; (00122381) (UID). Edmonton, 53.556 N 113.50006 W, 15 Jul 1929, E.H. Strickland, 2&amp;female; (00134124– 00134125) (USNM). Elkwater Lake, Cypress Hills Provincial Park, 49.662936 N 110.301676 W, 1219 m, 19 Jul 1956, O. Peck, 18 (00113312) (CNC); 20 Jul 1956, O. Peck, 18 (00113311) (CNC). Elkwater Park, Cypress Hills Provincial Park, 49.636 N 110.20006 W, 1427 m, 07 Jul 1952, L.A. Konotopetz, <i>Solidago</i> sp., 18 (00113310) (CNC); 07 Jul 1952, A.R. Brooks, <i>Solidago</i> sp., 18 (00113306), 1&amp;female; (00113304) (CNC); 20 Jul 1952, L.A. Konotopetz, 18 (00113309) (CNC). Elkwater Park near campground stream, 49.660416 N 110.294336 W, 1234 m, 15 Jul 1990, M.D. Schwartz, <i>Solidago</i> sp., 28 (00318748–00318749), 5&amp;female; (00318751–00318755) (CNC); 16 Jul 1990, M.D. Schwartz, <i>Solidago</i> sp., 18 (00113305) (CNC). Jasper, 52.883336 N 118.083336 W, 08 Aug 1930, C.T. Parsons, 18 (00170100) (AMNH). Lac la Biche, 54.882226 N 112.168616 W, 25 Jun 1961, A.R. Brooks, 18 (00113315) (CNC). Lesser Slave Lake, 55.291586 N 114.794716 W, 579 m, 29 Jul 1931, E.H. Strickland, 1&amp;female; (00164900) (USNM). Lethbridge, 49.70006 N 112.833336 W, 20 Jun 1952, A.R. Brooks, 18 (00113313) (CNC). McMurray, 56.733336 N 111.383336 W, 06 Jul 1953, W.J. Brown, 1&amp;female; (00113321) (CNC); 16 Aug 1953, G.E. Ball, 18 (00113316) (CNC). Nordegg, 52.466666 N 116.083336 W, 06 Aug 1921, J. McDunnough, 18 (00134429) (USNM). Red Deer, 52.270246 N 113.804696 W, 856 m, 22 Jul 1926, E.H. Strickland, 1&amp;female; (00134126) (USNM); 25 Jun 1957, Brooks and McNay, 18 (00113314) (CNC). University of Calgary Kananaskis Field Station, 51.030276 N 115.033616 W, 09 Aug 2002, S. Andrews, 1&amp;female; (BDUC); 10 Aug 2002, S. Andrews, 18 (BDUC). <b>British Columbia:</b> 3 km W of Myncaster, nr lake, 49.033336 N 1196 W, 11 Aug 2002, unknown, 18 (CNC). 4 mi E of Cawston, 49.191756 N 119.72376 W, 09 Jul 1959, L.A. Kelton, Asteraceae, 18 (00112981) (CNC). 10 mi S of Merritt, 49.972096 N 120.783336 W, 19 Jul 1959, L.A. Kelton, 18 (00112980) (CNC). Downie Creek, Selkirk Mountains, 51.499846 N 118.366886 W, 722 m, 09 Aug 1905, J.C. Bradley, 18 (00116258) (CUIC). Duncan, 48.783336 N 123.70006 W, 04 Aug 1921, unknown, 18 (UBC). Fernie, 49.50006 N 115.066666 W, 23 Jul 1959, L.A. Kelton, 88 (00114052, 00115516, 00317218–00317222, 00318744), 4&amp;female; (00112969, 00318745–00318747) (CNC). Flathead Lake, 49.456 N 114.666666 W, 09 Jul 1980, unknown, 18 (UBC). Goldstream to Downie Creek, Selkirk Mountains, 51.551016 N 118.539426 W, 608 m, 07 Aug 1905 – 11 Aug 1905, unknown, 18 (00133733) (USNM). Greenwood, 49.095746 N 118.699426 W, 830 m, 20 Jul 1959, L.A. Kelton, Asteraceae, 1&amp;female; (00112982) (CNC). Kelowna, 49.862996 N 119.443226 W, 358 m, 27 Jun 1949, unknown, 18 (UBC). Midday Val[ley]., Merritt, 49.983336 N 120.933336 W, 736 m, 28 Jul 1923, Ralph Hopping, 18 (00133723) (USNM). Moyie, 49.288446 N 115.832846 W, 339 m, 09 Jul 1970, L.A. Kelton, 18 (00112968) (CNC). Salmon Arm, 49.20006 N 117.283336 W, 24 Jul 1925, unknown, 18 (UBC); 29 Jul 1925, unknown, 18 (UBC). Smithers, 54.766666 N 127.166666 W, 475 m, 05 Jul 1924, unknown, 18 (UBC). Soda Creek, 52.345356 N 122.286296 W, 479 m, 04 Jul 1950, G.J. Spencer, (Solanaceae), 1&amp;female; (00112983) (CNC). Tyhee Lake [Park], 54.70006 N 127.033296 W, 24 Jul 1983, unknown, 18 (CNC). Vancouver, 49.256 N 123.133336 W, 15 Jul 1955, unknown, 18 (UBC). Vernon, 50.266666 N 119.266666 W, 27 Jul 1920, unknown, 18 (UBC). West Quesnel, 536 N 122.50006 W, 20 Jul 1947, unknown, 18 (UBC); 30 Jul 1947, unknown, 28 (UBC). <b>Manitoba:</b> 5 mi SW of Shilo, 49.748886 N 99.712436 W, 04 Jul 1958, C.D.F. Miller, 38 (00113105) (CNC); 22 Jul 1958, J.G. Chillcott, 18 (00113106) (CNC); 02 Aug 1958, R.B. Madge, 48 (00113107) (CNC). 30 mi N of Roblin, 51.667036 N 101.356 W, 14 Jul 1954, Brooks and Wallis, 18 (00113104) (CNC). Angusville, 50.735556 N 101.020556 W, 20 Jul 1954, Brooks, Wallis, 1&amp;female; (00113108) (CNC). Audy Lake, Riding Mountain National Park, 50.756 N 100.249726 W, 12 Aug 1958, J.G. Chillcott, 1&amp;female; (00113109) (CNC). Aweme, 49.726 N 99.60006 W, 30 Jun 1922, B.M. White, 18 (00113110) (CNC); 11 Jul 1930, B.M. White, 18 (00113111) (CNC); 14 Jul 1930, B.M. White, 18 (00113112) (CNC). Boissevain, 49.233336 N 100.056 W, 17 Jul 1953, Brooks and Kelton, 18 (00113113) (CNC). Carberry, 49.866666 N 99.356 W, 29 Jul 1953, Brooks and Kelton, 18 (00113114) (CNC). Falcon Lake, 49.70006 N 95.256 W, 04 Jul 1972, L.A. Kelton, 18 (00113116) (CNC). Horton, 49.166666 N 100.056 W, 25 Jul 1953, Brooks and Kelton, 1&amp;female; (00113297) (CNC); 28 Jul 1958, A. and J. Brooks, 18 (00113117) (CNC). Millwood, 50.70006 N 101.40006 W, 19 Jul 1954, Brooks and Wallis, 18 (00113118) (CNC). Ninette, 49.40006 N 99.633336 W, 05 Aug 1958, R.B. Madge, 18 (00113120) (CNC). Oak Lake, 49.666666 N 100.756 W, 11 Jul 1953, Brooks and Kelton, 18 (00113121) (CNC). Onah, 49.807546 N 99.521416 W, 375 m, 09 Jul 1916, J.B. Wallis, 18 (00134428) (USNM). Pilot Mound, 49.20006 N 98.90006 W, 31 Jul 1958, A. and J. Brooks, 1&amp;female; (00113122) (CNC). Riding Mountain National Park, 50.756 N 1006 W, 20 Jul 1972, L.A. Kelton, <i>Solidago</i> sp., 18 (00113124), 1&amp;female; (00113123), 18 (00318750) (CNC); 21 Jul 1972, L.A. Kelton, <i>Symphoricarpos</i> sp., 18 (00113126), 1&amp;female; (00113125) (CNC). Riding Mountain National Park, Boreal Island Nature Trail, 77 km N of Minnedosa on Rt 10, 50.87416 N 100.057576 W, 679 m, 20 Aug 1993, M.D. Schwartz, <i>Solidago</i> sp., 18 (00113307) (CNC). Russell, 50.783336 N 101.283336 W, 21 Jul 1954, Brooks and Wallis, 1&amp;female; (00113127) (CNC). Souris, 49.616666 N 100.256 W, 27 Jul 1953, A.R. Brooks, 1&amp;female; (00113296) (CNC). Turtle Mountain, 496 N 100.333336 W, 17 Jul 1953, Brooks and Kelton, 18 (00113128) (CNC); 18 Jul 1953, Brooks and Kelton, 18 (00113129) (CNC). Turtle Mountain Forest Reserve, International Peace Gardens, 496 N 100.333336 W, 17 Jul 1958, J.G. Chillcott, 18 (00113130) (CNC). Virden, 49.856 N 100.933336 W, 08 Jul 1953, Brooks and Kelton, 2&amp;female; (00242555– 00242556) (CAS), 18 (00113136), 1&amp;female; (00113298) (CNC); 09 Jul 1953, Brooks and Kelton, 18 (00113131) (CNC); 10 Jul 1953, Brooks and Kelton, 18 (00113133), 1&amp;female; (00113132) (CNC); 12 Jul 1953, Brooks and Kelton, 18 (00113134) (C
description: Published as part of <i>Schwartz, Michael D., 2011, Revision And Phylogenetic Analysis Of The North American Genus Slaterocoris Wagner With New Synonymy, The Description Of Five New Species And A New Genus From Mexico, And A Review Of The Genus Scalponotatus Kelton (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae), pp. 1-290 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2011 (354)</i> on pages 184-191, DOI: 10.1206/354.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5407316
description: {"references": ["Say, T. 1832. Descriptions of new species of Heteropterous Hemiptera of North America. New Harmony, IN: [publisher not named, dated '' Dec. 1831 ''], 39 pp. [Issued 1832, except pp. 1 - 4]", "Leonard, M. D. 1919. The immature stages of the goldenrod leaf-bug, Strongylocoris stygica Say (Miridae, Heterop). Canadian Entomologist 51: 178 - 180.", "Van Duzee, E. P. 1921. Our North American species of Strongylocoris (Hemiptera). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (4) 9 (11): 135 - 136.", "Knight, H. H. 1938. Strongylocoris Blanchard: six new species from North America (Hemiptera, Miridae). Iowa State College Journal of Science 13: 1 - 7, 1 pl.", "Slater, J. A. 1950. An investigation of the female genitalia as taxonomic characters in the Miridae (Hemiptera). Iowa State College Journal of Science 25: 1 - 81, 7 pls.", "Kelton, L. A. 1959. Male genitalia as taxonomic characters in the Miridae (Hemiptera). Canadi- an Entomologist Suppl. 11: 1 - 72.", "Knight, H. H. 1970. Review of the genus Slaterocoris Wagner, with a key and descriptions of new species (Hemiptera, Miridae). Iowa State Journal of Science 45: 233 - 267.", "Reid, D. G. 1974. New records of Hexamermis (Nematoda: Mermithidae) parasitizing three species of Slaterocoris (Hemiptera: Miridae). Canadian Entomologist 106: 239.", "Reid, D. G., C. C. Loan, and R. Harmsen. 1976. The mirid (Hemiptera) fauna of Solidago canadensis (Asteracea) in south-eastern Ontario. Canadian Entomologist 108 (6): 561 - 567.", "Messina, F. J. 1978. Mirid fauna associated with old - field goldenrods (Solidago: Compositae) in Ithaca, N. Y. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 86 (3): 137 - 143.", "Henry, T. J., and C. L. Smith. 1979. An annotated list of the Miridae of Georgia (Hemiptera- Heteroptera). Journal of the Georgia Entomological Society 14: 212 - 220.", "Snodgrass, G. L., T. J. Henry, and W. P. Scott. 1984. An annotated list of the Miridae (Heteroptera) found in the Yazoo-Mississippi Delta and associated areas in Arkansas and Louisiana. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 86: 845 - 860.", "Henry, T. J., and A. G. Wheeler, Jr. 1988. Family Miridae Hahn. In T. J. Henry and R. C. Froeschner (editors), Catalog of the Heteroptera, or true bugs of Canada and the continental United States: 251 - 507. Leiden: Brill.", "Schuh, R. T. 1995. Plant bugs of the world (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae): systematic catalog, distributions, host list, and bibliography. New York: New York Entomological Society, i - xii, 1 - 1329.", "Wheeler, A. G., Jr. 2001. Biology of the plant bugs (Hemiptera: Miridae) pests, predators, opportunists. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 507 pp.", "Henry, T. J., C. V. Covell, and A. G. Wheeler, Jr. 2005. An annotated list of the plant bugs or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Kentucky. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 113 (1): 24 - 76.", "Henry, T. J. 1976. Review of Reuteria Puton 1875, with descriptions of two new species (Hemiptera: Miridae). Entomological News 87: 61 - 74.", "Knight, H. H. 1941. The plant bugs, or Miridae, of Illinois. Bulletin of the Illinois Natural History Survey 22 (1): 1 - 234.", "Kelton, L. A. 1968. Revision of the North American species of Slaterocoris (Heteroptera: Miridae). Canadian Entomologist 100: 1121 - 1137.", "Kelton, L. A. 1980. The plant bugs of the prairie provinces of Canada. Heteroptera: Miridae. Part 8. The insects and arachnids of Canada. Ottawa: Agriculture Canada Research Branch Publication 1703: 1 - 408."]}