cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Opening the Black Box of the Radiation Belt Machine Learning Model
Creators: name: Ma, Donglai
name: Bortnik, Jacob
name: Chu, Xiangning
name: Claudepierre, Seth G.
name: Kellerman, Adam
name: Ma, Qianli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many Machine Learning (ML) systems, especially neural networks, are fundamentally regarded as black boxes since it is difficult to grasp how they function once they have been trained. Here, we tackle the issue of the interpretability of a high-accuracy ML model created to model the flux of Earth's radiation belt electrons. The Outer RadIation belt Electron Neural net model (ORIENT) uses only solar wind conditions and geomagnetic indices as input. Using the Deep SHAPley additive explanations (DeepSHAP) method, we show that the `black box' ORIENT model can be successfully explained. Two significant electron flux enhancement events observed by Van Allen Probes during the storm interval of 17 to 18 March 2013 and non storm interval of 19 to 20 September 2013 are investigated using the DeepSHAP method. The results show that the feature importances calculated from the purely data driven ORIENT model identify physically meaningful behavior consistent with current physical understanding.
description: Under review
Next-to-leading order QCD predictions for W+W+jj production at the LHC
Creators: name: Melia, Tom
name: Melnikov, Kirill
name: Rontsch, Raoul
name: Zanderighi, Giulia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Because the LHC is a proton-proton collider, sizable production of two positively charged W-bosons in association with two jets is possible. This process leads to a distinct signature of same sign high-pt leptons, missing energy and jets. We compute the NLO QCD corrections to the QCD-mediated part of pp -> W+W+jj. These corrections reduce the dependence of the production cross-section on the renormalization and factorization scale to about +- 10 percent. We find that a large number of W+W+jj events contain a relatively hard third jet. The presence of this jet should help to either pick up the W+W+jj signal or to reject it as an unwanted background.
description: 15 pages, 5 (lovely) figures, v3 accepted for publication in JHEP, corrects tables in appendix
Effects of head modeling errors on the spatial frequency representation of MEG
Creators: name: Yeo, Wan-Jin
name: Larson, Eric
name: Iivanainen, Joonas
name: Borna, Amir
name: McKay, Jim
name: Stephen, Julia
name: Schwindt, Peter
name: Taulu, Samu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optically-pumped magnetometers (OPM) -- next-generation magnetoencephalography (MEG) sensors -- may be placed directly on the head, unlike the more commonly used superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) sensors, which must be placed a few centimeters away. This allows for signals of higher spatial resolution to be captured, resulting in potentially more accurate source localization. In this paper, we show that in the noiseless and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) case of approximately $\geq 6$ dB, inaccuracies in boundary element method (BEM) head conductor models (or equivalently, inaccurate volume current models) lead to increased signal and equivalent current dipole (ECD) source localization inaccuracies when sensor arrays are placed closer to the head. This is true especially in the case of deep and superficial sources where volume current contributions are high. In the noisy case however, the higher SNR for closer sensor arrays allows for an improved ECD fit and outweighs the effects of head geometry inaccuracies. This calls for an increase in emphasis in head modeling to reduce inverse modeling errors, especially as the field of MEG strives for closer sensor arrays and cleaner signals. An analytical form to obtain the magnetic field errors for small perturbations in the BEM head geometry is also provided.
Lorentz invariant dark-spinor and inflation
Creators: name: Basak, Abhishek
name: Bhatt, Jitesh R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the possibility of the inflation driven by a Lorentz invariant non-standard spinor field. As these spinors are having dominant interaction via gravitational field only, they are considered as \emph{Dark Spinors}. We study how these dark-spinors can drive the inflation and investigate the cosmological (scalar) perturbations generated by them. Though the dark-spinors obey a Klein-Gordon like equation, the underlying theory of the cosmological perturbations is far more complex than the theories which are using a canonical scalar field. For example the sound speed of the perturbations is not a constant but varies with time. We find that in order to explain the observed value of the spectral-index $n_s$ one must have upper bound on the values of the background NSS-field. The tensor to scalar ratio remains as small as that in the case of canonical scalar field driven inflation because the correction to tensor spectrum due to NSS is required to be very small. In addition we discuss the relationship of results with previous results obtained by using the Lorentz invariance violating theories.
description: 17 pages no figures (Some typographical errors corrected)
Exploration of the memory effect on the photon-assisted tunneling via a single quantum dot: A generalized Floquet theoretical approach
Creators: name: Chen, Hsing-Ta
name: Ho, Tak-San
name: Chu, Shih-I
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The generalized Floquet approach is developed to study memory effect on electron transport phenomena through a periodically driven single quantum dot in an electrode-multi-level dot-electrode nanoscale quantum device. The memory effect is treated using a multi-function Lorentzian spectral density (LSD) model that mimics the spectral density of each electrode in terms of multiple Lorentzian functions. For the symmetric single-function LSD model involving a single-level dot, the underlying single-particle propagator is shown to be related to a 2 x 2 effective time-dependent Hamiltonian that includes both the periodic external field and the electrode memory effect. By invoking the generalized Van Vleck (GVV) nearly degenerate perturbation theory, an analytical Tien-Gordon-like expression is derived for arbitrary order multi- photon resonance d.c. tunneling current. Numerically converged simulations and the GVV analytical results are in good agreement, revealing the origin of multi- photon coherent destruction of tunneling and accounting for the suppression of the staircase jumps of d.c. current due to the memory effect. Specially, a novel blockade phenomenon is observed, showing distinctive oscillations in the field-induced current in the large bias voltage limit.
Consumer Preferences Regarding Apples and Winter Pears
Creators: name: Bureau Of Agricultural Economics
name: Bureau Of Agricultural Economics
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1950
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Excerpts from the report Introduction: The purpose of this survey was to provide information about consumer preferences and practices with regard to deciduous fruits. Apples were selected as the chief subject but attention was given to fresh and commercially prepared apple products. Winter pears were included in the survey. Apple growers, local and national farm groups, and distributors, should find these data of assistance in future planning. An understanding of how apples are used and how and why homemakers select their apples will throw light on the general problem of trying to increase consumption in the years to come. With these ends in mind, the survey was planned around two major aims: To learn the purposes for which apples are bought and used by homemakers and to measure the considerations which influence homemakers' selections of apples.
Baryogenesis from spontaneous CP violation in the early Universe
Creators: name: Huber, S. J.
name: Mimasu, K.
name: No, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a variant of electroweak-scale baryogenesis characterized by the spontaneous breaking of the charge-parity (CP) symmetry in the early Universe driven by the vacuum expectation value of a CP-odd scalar. This CP breaking period in the early Universe would be ended by the electroweak phase transition, with CP being (approximately) conserved at present, thus avoiding the stringent electric dipole moment experimental constraints on beyond-the-Standard-Model sources of CP violation. We study an explicit realization via a non-minimal Higgs sector consisting of two Higgs doublets and a singlet pseudoscalar (2HDM + $a$). We analyze the region of the 2HDM + $a$ parameter space where such an early Universe period of CP violation occurs, and show that the required thermal history and successful baryogenesis lead to a predictive scenario, testable by a combination of LHC searches and low-energy flavour measurements.
description: 8 pages, 4 Figures, many baryons
Link prediction with continuous-time classical and quantum walks
Creators: name: Goldsmith, Mark
name: García-Pérez, Guillermo
name: Malmi, Joonas
name: Rossi, Matteo A. C.
name: Saarinen, Harto
name: Maniscalco, Sabrina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks consist of the physical and/or functional interactions between the proteins of an organism. Since the biophysical and high-throughput methods used to form PPI networks are expensive, time-consuming, and often contain inaccuracies, the resulting networks are usually incomplete. In order to infer missing interactions in these networks, we propose a novel class of link prediction methods based on continuous-time classical and quantum random walks. In the case of quantum walks, we examine the usage of both the network adjacency and Laplacian matrices for controlling the walk dynamics. We define a score function based on the corresponding transition probabilities and perform tests on four real-world PPI datasets. Our results show that continuous-time classical random walks and quantum walks using the network adjacency matrix can successfully predict missing protein-protein interactions, with performance rivalling the state of the art.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Cases in English and Southeast Asian Languages, and Translation
Creators: name: Nguyễn Đăng (Ed.)
Publisher: name: Pacific Linguistics
Year: 1979

description: CASES IN ENGLISH AND SOUTHEAST ASIAN LANGUAGES, AND TRANSLATION. 43 0. INTRODUCTION 43 1. CASE RELATIONS IN ENGLISH AND SOUTHEAST ASIAN LANGUAGES 44 2. CASE RELATIONS AND CASE FORMS IN ENGLISH 46 3. CASE RELATIONS AND CASE FORMS IN SOUTHEAST ASIAN LANGUAGES 52 4. TRANSLATION 59Notes 64References 65
Constructions for cyclic sieving phenomena
Creators: name: Berget, Andrew
name: Eu, Sen-Peng
name: Reiner, Victor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show how to derive new instances of the cyclic sieving phenomenon from old ones via elementary representation theory. Examples are given involving objects such as words, parking functions, finite fields, and graphs.
description: 18 pages, typos fixed, to appear in SIAM J. Discrete Math
Drinfeld realization of the centrally extended $\mathfrak{psl}(2|2)$ Yangian algebra with the manifest coproducts
Creators: name: Matsumoto, Takuya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Lie superalgebra $\mathfrak{psl}(2|2)$ is recognized as a pretty special one in both mathematics and theoretical physics. In this paper, we present the Drinfeld realization of the Yangian algebra associated with the centrally extended Lie superalgebra $\mathfrak{psl}(2|2)$. Furthermore, we show that it possesses the Hopf algebra structures, particularly the coproducts. The idea to prove the existence of the manifest coproducts is the following. Firstly, we shall introduce them to Levendorskii's realization, a system of a finite truncation of the Drinfeld generators. Secondly, we show that Levendorskii's realization is isomorphic to the Drinfeld realization by induction.
description: 44 pages, v2: typos corrected, references added
Admixture of quasi-Dirac and Majorana neutrinos with tri-bimaximal mixing
Creators: name: Morisi, S.
name: Peinado, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a realization of the so-called bimodal/schizophrenic model proposed recently. We assume S4, the permutation group of four objects as flavor symmetry giving tri-bimaximal lepton mixing at leading order. In these models the second massive neutrino state is assumed quasi-Dirac and the remaining neutrinos are Majorana states. In the case of inverse mass hierarchy, the lower bound on the neutrinoless double beta decay parameter m_ee is about two times that of the usual lower bound, within the range of sensitivity of the next generation of experiments.
description: 8 pages, minor changes to match version accepted in PLB
title: Understanding RRID and ROR for Facilities
Creators: name: Bandrowski, Anita
name: French, Amanda
Publisher: name: Research Organization Registry (ROR)
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 1.2
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This blog post explores the difference between 'core facilities' in RRID and 'facilities' in ROR and provides guidance for those who run facilities on how to effectively use these identifiers.
Biases to primordial non-Gaussianity measurements from CMB secondary anisotropies
Creators: name: Coulton, William
name: Miranthis, Alexander
name: Challinor, Anthony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Our view of the last-scattering surface in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) is obscured by secondary anisotropies, sourced by scattering, extragalactic emission and gravitational processes between recombination and observation. Whilst it is established that non-Gaussianity from the correlation between the integrated-Sachs-Wolfe (ISW) effect and gravitational lensing can significantly bias primordial non-Gaussianity (PNG) searches, recent work by Hill (2018) has suggested that other combinations of secondary anisotropies can also produce significant biases. Building on that work, we use the WebSky and Sehgal et al.(2010) simulations to perform an extensive examination of possible biases to PNG measurements for the local, equilateral and orthogonal shapes. For a Planck-like CMB experiment, without foreground cleaning, we find significant biases from cosmic infrared background (CIB)-lensing and thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (tSZ)-lensing bispectra for the local and orthogonal templates, and from CIB and tSZ bispectra for the equilateral template. For future experiments, such as the Simons Observatory, biases from correlations between the ISW effect and the tSZ and CIB will also become important. Finally we investigate whether foreground-cleaning techniques are able to suppress these biases sufficiently. We find that the majority of these biases are effectively suppressed by the internal-linear-combination method and the total bias to Planck-like and SO-like experiments is less than the $1\,σ$ statistical error. However, the small total bias arises from the cancellation of several $1\,σ$ biases for Planck-like experiments and $2\,σ$ biases for SO-like. As this cancellation is likely sensitive to the precise modelling, to ensure robustness against these biases explicit removal methods should be used, likely at the cost of decreased constraining power.
Magnetic order in orbital models of the iron pnictides
Creators: name: Brydon, P. M. R.
name: Daghofer, Maria
name: Timm, Carsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the appearance of the experimentally-observed stripe spin-density-wave magnetic order in five different orbital models of the iron pnictide parent compounds. A restricted mean-field ansatz is used to determine the magnetic phase diagram of each model. Using the random phase approximation, we then check this phase diagram by evaluating the static spin susceptibility in the paramagnetic state close to the mean-field phase boundaries. The momenta for which the susceptibility is peaked indicate in an unbiased way the actual ordering vector of the nearby mean-field state. The dominant orbitally resolved contributions to the spin susceptibility are also examined to determine the origin of the magnetic instability. We find that the observed stripe magnetic order is possible in four of the models, but it is extremely sensitive to the degree of the nesting between the electron and hole Fermi pockets. In the more realistic five-orbital models, this order competes with a strong-coupling incommensurate state which appears to be controlled by details of the electronic structure below the Fermi energy. We conclude by discussing the implications of our work for the origin of the magnetic order in the pnictides.
description: 19 pages, 19 figures; published version, typos corrected, references added
Vorticity Locking and Pressure Dynamics in Finite-Temperature Superfluid Turbulence
Creators: name: Laurie, Jason
name: Baggaley, Andrew W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a numerical study of finite-temperature superfluid turbulence using the vortex filament model for superfluid helium. We examine the phenomenon of vorticity locking between the normal and superfluid components across a wide range of temperatures, using two different structures of external normal fluid drive. We show that vorticity locking increases with temperature leading to the superfluid flow being more influenced by the characteristics of the normal fluid. This also results in stronger superfluid polarization and turbulent intermittency. We also examine how these properties influence the pressure field and attempt to verify a long-standing $P_k\propto k^{-7/3}$ theoretical quantum signature within the spatial pressure spectrum.
description: 15 pages, 14 figures. Accepted version of preprint
Investigating and correcting for the technical, clinical and biological contributors to variation in placental methylation
Creators: name: Khan, Almas
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2022

description: The Placentomics project aims to create a compendium of various ‘omics tools applied to the study of the human placenta. One of these ‘omics tools is methylomics data collected through the Illumina 850K (EPIC) array. However, there is lack of standardization of the statistical processing of the array data. In this thesis, I studied the technical, clinical, and biological factors that can influence DNAme differences and used these factors to create a standardized processing pipeline. I used 204 samples from three cohorts of pregnant women: 36 samples from a normative cohort (V-NORM), 64 from a SSRI exposed cohort (V-SSRI) and 105 samples from an acute stressor exposed cohort (QF2011). In chapter 2, I evaluated factors that contribute to DNA methylation variability and identified clinical gestational age, PlaNET derived cell type proportions and PlaNET derived genetic ancestry probabilities as important to include in the pipeline, in addition to other R DNAme analysis packages such as minfi and wateRmelon. I then used this pipeline to assess association between DNAme and two biological variables of interest: birth weight (sd) and placental efficiency (placental weight: fetal weight ratio). Three differentially methylated probes met significance (FDR<0.05) and strength cut-offs (delta beta >0.05 or delta beta <-0.05) in the placental efficiency model only . I further assessed these variables of interest in models that excluded cell type proportions or considered sex stratification. I found no probes that met both cut-offs in these models. In Chapter 3, I developed and standardized a set of metrics to select a normalization method for DNAme arrays. I evaluated 4 within-sample, 2 between-sample, and 1 method that had elements of both (between and within-sample) methods using these metrics. I also evaluated 3 combinations of methods (i.e., Noob and another method). I found a combination of between and within-sample methods (Dasen+Noob) to perform the best on these metrics in this data set. I also found that including Noob prior to another normalization method produced consistently good results on my metrics. Thus, through these studies, I provided a set of standardized tools for the analysis of DNAme data in the placenta.
Nonlinear extension of Kolosov-Muskhelishvili stress function formalism
Creators: name: Szachter, Oran
name: Katzav, Eytan
name: Adda-Bedia, Mokhtar
name: Moshe, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The method of stress-function in elasticity theory is a powerful analytical tool with applications to a wide range of physical systems, including defective crystals, fluctuating membranes, and more. A complex coordinates formulation of stress function, known as Kolosov-Muskhelishvili formalism, enabled the analysis of elastic problems with singular domains, particularly cracks, forming the basis for fracture mechanics. A shortcoming of this method is its limitation to linear elasticity, which assumes Hookean energy and linear strain measure. Under finite loads, the linearized strain fails to describe the deformation field adequately, reflecting the onset of geometric nonlinearity. The latter is common in materials experiencing large rotations, such as regions close to the crack tip or elastic metamaterials. While a nonlinear stress function formalism exists, Kolosov-Muskhelishvili complex representation had not been generalized and remained limited to linear elasticity. This paper develops a Kolosov-Muskhelishvili formalism for nonlinear stress function. The new formalism allows us to port methods from complex analysis to nonlinear elasticity and to solve nonlinear problems in singular domains. Upon implementing the method to the crack problem, we discover that nonlinear solutions strongly depend on the applied remote loads, excluding a universal form of the solution close to the crack tip and questioning the validity of previous studies of nonlinear crack analysis.
On Tsunami Waves induced by Atmospheric Pressure Shock Waves after the 2022 Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Volcano Eruption
Creators: name: Ren, Zhiyuan
name: Higuera, Pablo
name: Liu, Philip Li-Fan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Employing a linear shallow water equation (LSWE) model in the spherical coordinates, this paper investigates the tsunami waves generated by the atmospheric pressure shock waves due to the explosion of the submarine volcano Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai on January 15, 2022. Using the selected 59 atmospheric pressure records in the Pacific Ocean, an empirical atmospheric pressure model is first constructed. Applying the atmospheric pressure model and realistic bathymetric data in the LSWE model, tsunami generation and propagation are simulated in the Pacific Ocean. The numerical results show clearly the co-existence of the leading locked waves, propagating with the speed of the atmospheric pressure waves (~1,100 km/hr), and the trailing free waves, propagating with long gravity ocean wave celerity (~ 750 km/hr). During the event, tsunamis were reported by 41 DART buoys in the Pacific Ocean, which require corrections because of the occurrence of atmospheric pressure waves. The numerically simulated tsunami arrival time and the amplitudes of the wave crest and trough of the leading locked waves compare reasonably well with the corrected DART measurements. The comparisons for the trailing waves are less satisfactory, since free waves could also have been generated by other tsunami generation mechanisms, which have not been considered in the present model, and by the scattering of locked waves over changing bathymetry. In this regard, the numerical results show clearly that the deep Tonga trench (~ 10 km) amplifies the trailing waves in the Southeast part of the Pacific Ocean via the Proudman resonance condition.
title: Seminoma testis with contralateral vanishing testis: A rare case
Creators: name: Gupta, Kushal
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Uroradiology & genital male imaging
subject: Abdomen
subject: Genital / Reproductive system male
subject: MR
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Clinical Cases

description: Clinical History: A 36-year-old gentleman presented with complaint of painless swelling of right testis since 2 years. There was no previous history of trauma, fever, weight loss or any infection. On palpation right testis was diffusely bulky and hard, occupying left hemiscrotum also. Left testis was not felt separately.

description: 36 years, male
Galaxy Evolution in Cosmological Simulations with Outflows II: Metallicities and Gas Fractions
Creators: name: Davé, Romeel
name: Finlator, Kristian
name: Oppenheimer, Benjamin D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use cosmological hydrodynamic simulations to investigate how inflows, star formation, and outflows govern the the gaseous and metal content of galaxies. In our simulations, galaxy metallicities are established by a balance between inflows and outflows as governed by the mass outflow rate, implying that the mass-metallicity relation reflects how the outflow rate varies with stellar mass (M*). Gas content is set by a competition between inflow into and gas consumption within the ISM, the latter being governed by the SF law, while the former is impacted by both wind recycling and preventive feedback. Stochastic variations in the inflow rate move galaxies off the equilibrium M*-Z and Z*-fgas relations in a manner correlated with star formation rate, and the scatter is set by the timescale to re-equilibrate. The evolution of both relations from z=3-0 is slow, as individual galaxies tend to evolve mostly along the relations. Gas fractions at a given M* slowly decrease with time because the cosmic inflow rate diminishes faster than the consumption rate, while metallicities slowly increase as infalling gas becomes more enriched. Observations from z~3-0 are better matched by simulations employing momentum-driven wind scalings rather than constant wind speeds, but all models predict too low gas fractions at low masses and too high metallicities at high M*. All our models reproduce observed second-parameter trends of the mass-metallicity relation with star formation rate and environment, indicating that these are a consequence of equilibrium and not feedback. Overall, the analytical framework of our equilibrium scenario broadly captures the relevant physics establishing the galaxy gas and metal content in simulations, which suggests that the cycle of baryonic inflows and outflows centrally governs the cosmic evolution of these properties in typical star-forming galaxies.
description: 26 pages, MNRAS in press
Measurement optimization of variational quantum simulation by classical shadow and derandomization
Creators: name: Nakaji, Kouhei
name: Endo, Suguru
name: Matsuzaki, Yuichiro
name: Hakoshima, Hideaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Simulating large quantum systems is the ultimate goal of quantum computing. Variational quantum simulation (VQS) gives us a tool to achieve the goal in near-term devices by distributing the computation load to both classical and quantum computers. However, as the size of the quantum system becomes large, the execution of VQS becomes more and more challenging. One of the most severe challenges is the drastic increase in the number of measurements; for example, the number of measurements tends to increase by the fourth power of the number of qubits in a quantum simulation with a chemical Hamiltonian. This work aims to dramatically decrease the number of measurements in VQS by recently proposed shadow-based strategies such as classical shadow and derandomization. Even though previous literature shows that shadow-based strategies successfully optimize measurements in the variational quantum optimization (VQO), how to apply them to VQS was unclear due to the gap between VQO and VQS in measuring observables. In this paper, we bridge the gap by changing the way of measuring observables in VQS and propose an algorithm to optimize measurements in VQS by shadow-based strategies. Our theoretical analysis not only reveals the advantage of using our algorithm in VQS but theoretically supports using shadow-based strategies in VQO, whose advantage has only been given numerically. Additionally, our numerical experiment shows the validity of using our algorithm with a quantum chemical system.
Identifying Dominant Industrial Sectors in Market States of the S&P 500 Financial Data
Creators: name: Wand, Tobias
name: Heßler, Martin
name: Kamps, Oliver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Understanding and forecasting changing market conditions in complex economic systems like the financial market is of great importance to various stakeholders such as financial institutions and regulatory agencies. Based on the finding that the dynamics of sector correlation matrices of the S&P 500 stock market can be described by a sequence of distinct states via a clustering algorithm, we try to identify the industrial sectors dominating the correlation structure of each state. For this purpose, we use a method from Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) on daily S&P 500 stock market data from 1992 to 2012 to assign relevance scores to every feature of each data point. To compare the significance of the features for the entire data set we develop an aggregation procedure and apply a Bayesian change point analysis to identify the most significant sector correlations. We show that the correlation matrix of each state is dominated only by a few sector correlations. Especially the energy and IT sector are identified as key factors in determining the state of the economy. Additionally we show that a reduced surrogate model, using only the eight sector correlations with the highest XAI-relevance, can replicate 90% of the cluster assignments. In general our findings imply an additional dimension reduction of the dynamics of the financial market.
description: 18 pages and additional appendix
General Electric Quarterly Survey 72-03, Versions I & II, College Student
Creators: name: Electric, General
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2022

description: Adult sample: Most interesting concern (1); race relations (1); future race relations (1); companies helping race relations (1); price controls (1); wage controls (1); unaffordable purchases (1); importance of various topics (10); government activity changes (14); controlling labor unions (1); space exploration (1); national issues discussion (7); large companies effects (1); reading habits (1); time spent with news (1); government position (1); campaign contributions (4); voter participation (1); income change (1); price changes (1); financial situation changes (1); important career aspects (8). College Student sample: Most interesting concern (1); race relations (1); future race relations (1); companies helping race relations (1); unaffordable purchases (1); importance of various topics (5); government activity changes (8); space exploration (1); national issue discussions (2); large companies effects (1); time spent with news (1); college attended (2); class year (1); major (1); degree (1); preferred career (2); important career aspects (8); academic standing (2); residency (2).
The classification of Hamiltonian stationary Lagrangian tori in the complex projective plane by their spectral data
Creators: name: Hunter, Richard
name: McIntosh, Ian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C43, 58E20

description: It is known that all weakly conformal Hamiltonian stationary Lagrangian immersions of tori in the complex projective plane may be constructed by methods from integrable systems theory. This article describes the precise details of a construction which leads to a form of classification. The immersion is encoded as spectral data in a similar manner to the case of minimal Lagrangian tori in the complex projective plane, but the details require a careful treatment of both the "dressing construction" and the spectral data to deal with a loop of flat connexions which is quadratic in the loop parameter.
description: 24 pages. Edited from the original to improve readability, and a new section on the explicit construction of examples included. To appear in: Manuscripta Mathematica
Convergence of Nonequilibrium Langevin Dynamics for Planar Flows
Creators: name: Dobson, Matthew
name: Geraldo, Abdel Kader
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prove that incompressible two dimensional nonequilibrium Langevin dynamics (NELD) converges exponentially fast to a steady-state limit cycle. We use automorphism remapping periodic boundary conditions (PBCs) techniques such as Lees-Edwards PBCs and Kraynik-Reinelt PBCs to treat respectively shear flow and planar elongational flow. After rewriting NELD in Lagrangian coordinates, the convergence is shown using a technique similar to [R. Joubaud, G. A. Pavliotis, and G. Stoltz,2014].
description: The proof of Lemma 9 in an early version of the manuscript is updated thanks to Gabriel Stoltz's helpful comments
Entangling moving cavities in non-inertial frames
Creators: name: Downes, T. G.
name: Fuentes, I.
name: Ralph, T. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An open question in the field of relativistic quantum information is how parties in arbitrary motion may distribute and store quantum entanglement. We propose a scheme for storing quantum information in the field modes of cavities moving in flat space-time and analyze it in a quantum field theoretical framework. In contrast to previous work that found entanglement degradation between observers moving with uniform acceleration, we find the quantum information in such systems is protected. We further discuss a method for establishing the entanglement in the first place and show that in principle it is always possible to produce maximally entangled states between the cavities.
description: Minor changes. Journal reference added
Inventory and Hedging Policies of Commercial Mixed-Feed Manufacturers in the United States
Creators: name: Irwin, H. S.
name: McDonald, Eileen M.
name: Irwin, H. S.
name: McDonald, Eileen M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1950
Subjects: Agribusiness
Demand and Price Analysis
Livestock Production/Industries
Risk and Uncertainty

description: Excerpt from the report Introduction: This report presents the results of a study undertaken to determine the extent of price risk in the commercial mixed-feed industry, the effect of risk-taking on the costs of feed manufacture, and the methods, particularly hedging, which are used by manufacturers to reduce their risks from price declines. The objectives of the study were not fully realized, however. Few feed manufacturers hedged consistently and conditions affecting inventory accumulations were complex. In a number of cases, manufacturers did not reveal the details of their operations which would be necessary to determine the extent of price risks involved and the effect of such risks on costs. In many other cases, particularly among small concerns, the records needed for such determination were incomplete or missing. It is believed, however, that the study meets the objectives within the range of the data that could be obtained.
The Difference in Narrow Fe KαLine Emission Between Seyfert 1 and Seyfert 2 Galaxies
Creators: name: Liu, Teng
name: Wang, Jun-Xian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compile a sample of 89 Seyfert galaxies with both [OIV] 25.89 um line luminosities observed by Spitzer IRS and X-ray spectra observed by XMM EPIC. Using [OIV] emission as proxy of AGN intrinsic luminosity, we find that although type 2 AGNs have higher line equivalent width, the narrow Fe Kalpha line in Compton-Thin and Compton-Thick Seyfert 2 galaxies are 2.9 +0.8 -0.6 and 5.6 +1.9 -1.4 times weaker in terms of luminosity than Seyfert 1 galaxies respectively. This indicates different correction factors need to be applied for various types of AGNs before the narrow Fe Kalpha line luminosity could serve as intrinsic AGN luminosity indicator. We also find Seyfert 1 galaxies in our sample have on average marginally larger line width and higher line centroid energy, suggesting contamination from highly ionized Fe line or broader line emission from much smaller radius, but this effect is too weak to explain the large difference in narrow Fe Kalpha line luminosity between type 1 and type 2 AGNs. This is the first observational evidence showing the narrow Fe Kalpha line emission in AGNs is anisotropic. The observed difference is consistent with theoretical calculations assuming a smoothly distributed obscuring torus, and could provide independent constraints on the clumpiness of the torus.
description: ApJ accepted. 28 pages, including 7 figures, 2 tables
title: Burkitt lymphoma with galbladder, liver, pancreas and bone marrow involvement
Creators: name: Fernández Martín, Ana Isabel
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Abdominal imaging
subject: Abdomen
subject: CT
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Education
subject: Lymphoma
subject: Clinical Cases

description: Clinical History: A 37-year-old man was admitted to the emergency department due to epigastric pain during the last month. The patient was HIV-positive classified as A2 stage with CD4 count 374. Laboratory tests showed elevated LDH  [418  (120-246)U/l], alpha-amylase [558 (30-118) U/l], and lipase [5034 (73-393) U/l], therefore an abdominal ultrasound was requested (and abdominal CT was later performed).  

description: 37 years, male
Down-linking $(K_v,Γ)$-designs to $P_3$-designs
Creators: name: Benini, Anna
name: Giuzzi, Luca
name: Pasotti, Anita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C51, 05B30, 05C38

description: Let G' be a subgraph of a graph G. We define a down-link from a (K_v,G)-design B to a (K_n,G')-design B' as a map f:B->B' mapping any block of B into one of its subgraphs. This is a new concept, closely related with both the notion of metamorphosis and that of embedding. In the present paper we study down-links in general and prove that any (K_v,G)-design might be down-linked to a (K_n,G')-design, provided that n is admissible and large enough. We also show that if G'=P_3, it is always possible to find a down-link to a design of order at most v+3. This bound is then improved for several classes of graphs Gamma, by providing explicit constructions.
description: 19 Pages; corrected typos; final version
Towards reliable head and neck cancers locoregional recurrence prediction using delta-radiomics and learning with rejection option
Creators: name: Wang, Kai
name: Dohopolski, Michael
name: Zhang, Qiongwen
name: Sher, David
name: Wang, Jing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: A reliable locoregional recurrence (LRR) prediction model is important for the personalized management of head and neck cancers (HNC) patients. This work aims to develop a delta-radiomics feature-based multi-classifier, multi-objective, and multi-modality (Delta-mCOM) model for post-treatment HNC LRR prediction and adopting a learning with rejection option (LRO) strategy to boost the prediction reliability by rejecting samples with high prediction uncertainties. In this retrospective study, we collected PET/CT image and clinical data from 224 HNC patients. We calculated the differences between radiomics features extracted from PET/CT images acquired before and after radiotherapy as the input features. Using clinical parameters, PET and CT radiomics features, we built and optimized three separate single-modality models. We used multiple classifiers for model construction and employed sensitivity and specificity simultaneously as the training objectives. For testing samples, we fused the output probabilities from all these single-modality models to obtain the final output probabilities of the Delta-mCOM model. In the LRO strategy, we estimated the epistemic and aleatoric uncertainties when predicting with Delta-mCOM model and identified patients associated with prediction of higher reliability. Predictions with higher epistemic uncertainty or higher aleatoric uncertainty than given thresholds were deemed unreliable, and they were rejected before providing a final prediction. Different thresholds corresponding to different low-reliability prediction rejection ratios were applied. The inclusion of the delta-radiomics feature improved the accuracy of HNC LRR prediction, and the proposed Delta-mCOM model can give more reliable predictions by rejecting predictions for samples of high uncertainty using the LRO strategy.
description: 25 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Medical Physics 10/21/2021
Theory and molecular simulation of lattice vibrational heat transport in carbon nanotubes
Creators: name: Bruns, Daniel K.W.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2022

description: Heat conduction phenomena of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted great interest both from the viewpoint of engineering applications and fundamental science, but the thermal conductivity of individual single-walled CNTs remains a rather controversial topic. Starting from an empirical, realistic atomic interaction potential, we study the lattice thermal conductivity (LTC) of single-walled CNTs by employing two approaches: quantum mechanical calculations of three-phonon scattering rates in the framework of the Peierls-Boltzmann transport theory (PBTT) and classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. First, we compare the system-size and temperature dependence of the LTC determined from an iterative solution of the linearized phonon transport equation in the framework of the PBTT and from a nonequilibrium MD (NEMD) approach. At room temperature, qualitatively similar trends for the tube-length dependence are found in the limit of short tubes, where an extensive regime of ballistic heat transport prevailing in CNTs of lengths L ≲ 1 µm is independently confirmed. In the limit of long tubes, the PBTT-derived LTC diverges. Using PBTT and equilibrium MD approaches, we perform numerical calculations of acoustic phonon lifetimes to clarify the source of divergence. NEMD-derived temperature dependencies obtained for micrometer-long CNTs and temperatures T ≤ 800 K confirm the 1/T behavior of the LTC at moderately high temperatures. Next, we revisit the tube-length dependence of the LTC by use of the relaxation time approximation in the PBTT. Through a combination of numerics and analytical considerations, we derive exact asymptotic scaling laws of the LTC. In particular, we demonstrate the importance of tensile lattice strain, previously overlooked in the long-standing dispute over tube-length convergence vs divergence of the LTC. Namely, it is proved that, in the long-tube limit, the relaxation time approximation yields a finite value for stress-free but an infinite value of the LTC in any stretched tube configuration. Lastly, we pursue a matrix inversion approach to solve the linearized phonon transport equation in the framework of the PBTT. Here, it is shown that violations of acoustic sum rules cause spurious convergent behaviors of a length-dependent LTC.
Diagonalization of infinite transfer matrix of boundary $U_{q,p}(A_{N-1}^{(1)})$ face model
Creators: name: Kojima, Takeo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study infinitely many commuting operators $T_B(z)$, which we call infinite transfer matrix of boundary $U_{q,p}(A_{N-1}^{(1)})$ face model. We diagonalize infinite transfer matrix $T_B(z)$ by using free field realizations of the vertex operators of the elliptic quantum group $U_{q,p}(A_{N-1}^{(1)})$.
description: 36 pages, Dedicated to Professor Etsuro Date on the occassion of the 60th birthday
Additional file 1 of Modified cardiopulmonary bypass with low priming volume for blood conservation in cardiac valve replacement surgery
Creators: name: Yang, Ke
name: Huang, Honghao
name: Dai, Ruiwu
name: Zhang, Jinbao
name: Wei, Xiaohong
name: Gao, Feng
name: Wu, Xiaochen
name: Wu, Fan
name: He, Siyi
name: Xin, Mei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary material includes the reagents and materials used for the CPB system, the anesthetic procedure, surgical techniques, and CPB management strategies.