cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Well Curve
Creators: name: Washington, Harriet A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Virus diseases
subject: Mental health
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Pseudo-nitzschia and ATCV-1 join a panoply of microorganisms that have long been suspected, and sometimes known, to change how well we think. These newcomers are getting attention because they struck in the West, where a functional public health infrastructure allows for disease surveillance and the investigation of mysterious sources of disability. But pathogens that affect cognition have traditionally infected poor people of color in the developing world, so their ravages and long-term effects have been more likely to go unanalyzed and untreated.
A remark on Kahler metrics with conical singularities along a simple normal crossing divisor
Creators: name: Datar, Ved
name: Song, Jian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Recently it was shown by H. Guenancia and M. Paun that a singular metric satisfying the conical Kahler-Einstein equation with a simple normal crossing divisor is equivalent to a conical metric along that divisor. In this note, we present an alternative proof of their theorem.
description: 3 pages
Factorization in the self-idealization of a PID
Creators: name: Chang, Gyu Whan
name: Smertnig, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13A05, 13F15, 20M13, 20M14

description: Let $D$ be a principal ideal domain and $R(D) = \{\begin{pmatrix} a & b 0 & a \end{pmatrix} \mid a, b \in D\}$ be its self-idealization. It is known that $R(D)$ is a commutative noetherian ring with identity, and hence $R(D)$ is atomic (i.e., every nonzero nonunit can be written as a finite product of irreducible elements). In this paper, we completely characterize the irreducible elements of $R(D)$. We then use this result to show how to factorize each nonzero nonunit of $R(D)$ into irreducible elements. We show that every irreducible element of $R(D)$ is a primary element, and we determine the system of sets of lengths of $R(D)$.
description: 13 pages
Elasmodontomys obliquus Anthony 1916
Creators: name: Woods, Charles A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1993
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Heptaxodontidae
Elasmodontomys
Elasmodontomys obliquus

description: Elasmodontomys obliquus Anthony, 1916. Ann. New York Acad. Sci., 27:199. TYPE LOCALITY: Puerto Rico, Utuado. DISTRIBUTION: Puerto Rico. STATUS: Extinct. SYNONYMS: bidens.
description: Published as part of Charles A. Woods, 1993, Order Rodentia - Suborder Hystricognathi, pp. 771-806 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 805, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353083
Maximal Sharing in the Lambda Calculus with letrec
Creators: name: Grabmayer, Clemens
name: Rochel, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.3.3; D.1.1

description: Increasing sharing in programs is desirable to compactify the code, and to avoid duplication of reduction work at run-time, thereby speeding up execution. We show how a maximal degree of sharing can be obtained for programs expressed as terms in the lambda calculus with letrec. We introduce a notion of `maximal compactness' for lambda-letrec-terms among all terms with the same infinite unfolding. Instead of defined purely syntactically, this notion is based on a graph semantics. lambda-letrec-terms are interpreted as first-order term graphs so that unfolding equivalence between terms is preserved and reflected through bisimilarity of the term graph interpretations. Compactness of the term graphs can then be compared via functional bisimulation. We describe practical and efficient methods for the following two problems: transforming a lambda-letrec-term into a maximally compact form; and deciding whether two lambda-letrec-terms are unfolding-equivalent. The transformation of a lambda-letrec-term $L$ into maximally compact form $L_0$ proceeds in three steps: (i) translate L into its term graph $G = [[ L ]]$; (ii) compute the maximally shared form of $G$ as its bisimulation collapse $G_0$; (iii) read back a lambda-letrec-term $L_0$ from the term graph $G_0$ with the property $[[ L_0 ]] = G_0$. This guarantees that $L_0$ and $L$ have the same unfolding, and that $L_0$ exhibits maximal sharing. The procedure for deciding whether two given lambda-letrec-terms $L_1$ and $L_2$ are unfolding-equivalent computes their term graph interpretations $[[ L_1 ]]$ and $[[ L_2 ]]$, and checks whether these term graphs are bisimilar. For illustration, we also provide a readily usable implementation.
description: 18 pages, plus 19 pages appendix
The START Study to evaluate the effectiveness of a
combination intervention package to enhance
antiretroviral therapy uptake and retention during TB
treatment...
Creators: name: Howard, Andrea A.
name: Hirsch-Moverman, Yael
name: Frederix, Koen
name: Daftary, Amrita
name: Saito, Suzue
name: Gross, Tal
name: Wu, Yingfeng
name: Maama, Llang Bridget
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Antiretroviral agents
HIV infections--Complications
Tuberculosis--Treatment
Combination drug therapy
Medicine

description: Background: Initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) early during tuberculosis (TB) treatment increases survival; however, implementation is suboptimal. Implementation science studies are needed to identify interventions to address this evidence-to-program gap.

Objective: The Start TB Patients on ART and Retain on Treatment (START) Study is a mixed-methods, cluster-randomized trial aimed at evaluating the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and acceptability of a combination intervention package (CIP) to improve early ART initiation, retention, and TB treatment success among TB/HIV patients in Berea District, Lesotho.

Design: Twelve health facilities were randomized to receive the CIP or standard of care after stratification by facility type (hospital or health center). The CIP includes nurse training and mentorship, using a clinical algorithm; transport reimbursement and health education by village health workers (VHW) for patients and treatment supporters; and adherence support using text messaging and VHW. Routine data were abstracted for all newly registered TB/HIV patients; anticipated sample size was 1,200 individuals. A measurement cohort of TB/HIV patients initiating ART was recruited; the target enrollment was 384 individuals, each to be followed for the duration of TB treatment (6–9 months). Inclusion criteria were HIV-infected; on TB treatment; initiated ART within 2 months of TB treatment initiation; age ≥18; English- or Sesotho-speaking; and capable of informed consent. The exclusion criterion was multidrug-resistant TB. Three groups of key informants were recruited from intervention clinics: early ART initiators; non/late ART initiators; and health care workers. Primary outcomes include ART initiation, retention, and TB treatment success. Secondary outcomes include time to ART initiation, adherence, change in CD4+ count, sputum smear conversion, cost-effectiveness, and acceptability. Follow-up and data abstraction are complete.

Discussion: The START Study evaluates a CIP targeting barriers to early ART implementation among TB/HIV patients. If the CIP is found effective and acceptable, this study has the potential to inform care for TB/HIV patients in high-burden, resource-limited countries in sub-Saharan Africa.

Keywords: TB/HIV integration; implementation science; cost-effectiveness; acceptability; TB treatment success
Quemisia Miller 1929
Creators: name: Woods, Charles A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1993
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Heptaxodontidae
Quemisia

description: Quemisia Miller, 1929. Smithson. Mise. Coll., 81(9):22. TYPE SPECIES: Quemisia gravis Miller, 1929.
description: Published as part of Charles A. Woods, 1993, Order Rodentia - Suborder Hystricognathi, pp. 771-806 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 805, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353083
description: {"references": ["Miller, G. S., Jr. 1929. The characters of the genus Geocapromys Chapman. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 82 (4): 1 - 3, 1 pl."]}
Gender and Romance in Chaucer's Canterbury Tales
Creators: name: Crane, Susan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1994
Subjects: Gender identity in literature
Sex role in literature
Romances, English
Canterbury tales (Chaucer, Geoffrey)
Literature, Medieval

description: Chaucer's relation to English and French romances of the late Middle Ages is well recognized but not often studied in depth. This study shows that Chaucer's depictions of masculinity and femininity constitute an extensive and sympathetic response to the genre. For Chaucer, gender is the defining concern of romance. As the foundational narratives of courtship, romances participate in the late medieval elaboration of new meanings around heterosexual identity. Crane draws on feminist and genre theory to argue that Chaucer's profound interest in the cultural construction of masculinity and femininity arises in large part from his experience of romance. In depicting the maturation of young women and men, romances stage an ideology of identity that is based in gender difference. Less obviously gendered concerns of romance--social hierarchy, magic, and adventure--are also involved in expressing femininity and masculinity. The genders prove to be not simply binary opposites but overlapping and shifting coreferents. Precarious social standing can carry a feminine taint; women's adventures recall but also contradict those of men. Chaucer's redeployments of romance are particularly sensitive to the crucial place gender holds in the genre.
Mouse Social Network Dynamics and Community Structure are Associated with Plasticity-Related Brain Gene Expression
Creators: name: Williamson, Cait Mary
name: Franks, Becca
name: Curley, James P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Dyadic analysis (Social sciences)
subject: Methyltransferases
subject: Social groups
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Laboratory studies of social behavior have typically focused on dyadic interactions occurring within a limited spatiotemporal context. However, this strategy prevents analyses of the dynamics of group social behavior and constrains identification of the biological pathways mediating individual differences in behavior. In the current study, we aimed to identify the spatiotemporal dynamics and hierarchical organization of a large social network of male mice. We also sought to determine if standard assays of social and exploratory behavior are predictive of social behavior in this social network and whether individual network position was associated with the mRNA expression of two plasticity-related genes, DNA methyltransferase 1 and 3a. Mice were observed to form a hierarchically organized social network and self-organized into two separate social network communities. Members of both communities exhibited distinct patterns of socio-spatial organization within the vivaria that was not limited to only agonistic interactions. We further established that exploratory and social behaviors in standard behavioral assays conducted prior to placing the mice into the large group was predictive of initial network position and behavior but were not associated with final social network position. Finally, we determined that social network position is associated with variation in mRNA levels of two neural plasticity genes, DNMT1 and DNMT3a, in the hippocampus but not the mPOA. This work demonstrates the importance of understanding the role of social context and complex social dynamics in determining the relationship between individual differences in social behavior and brain gene expression.
Development of active edge pixel sensors and four-side buttable modules using vertical integration technologies
Creators: name: Macchiolo, A.
name: Andricek, L.
name: Moser, H. -G.
name: Nisius, R.
name: Richter, R. H.
name: Terzo, S.
name: Weigell, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an R&D activity focused on the development of novel modules for the upgrade of the ATLAS pixel system at the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). The modules consist of n-in-p pixel sensors, 100 or 200 $μ$m thick, produced at VTT (Finland) with an active edge technology, which considerably reduces the dead area at the periphery of the device. The sensors are interconnected with solder bump-bonding to the ATLAS FE-I3 and FE-I4 read-out chips, and characterized with radioactive sources and beam tests at the CERN-SPS and DESY. The results of these measurements will be discussed for devices before and after irradiation up to a fluence of $5\times 10^{15}$ \neqcm. We will also report on the R&D activity to obtain Inter Chip Vias (ICVs) on the ATLAS read-out chip in collaboration with the Fraunhofer Institute EMFT. This step is meant to prove the feasibility of the signal transport to the newly created readout pads on the backside of the chips allowing for four side buttable devices without the presently used cantilever for wire bonding. The read-out chips with ICVs will be interconnected to thin pixel sensors, 75 $μ$m and 150 $μ$m thick, with the Solid Liquid Interdiffusion (SLID) technology, which is an alternative to the standard solder bump-bonding.
description: 6 pages, 13 figures, submitted to Nuclear Instruments and Method A as proceedings of the 9th International "Hiroshima" Symposium on the Development and Application of Semiconductor Tracking Detectors
Computing low-degree factors of lacunary polynomials: a Newton-Puiseux approach
Creators: name: Grenet, Bruno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Symbolic Computation (cs.SC)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.1.2; F.2.2

description: We present a new algorithm for the computation of the irreducible factors of degree at most $d$, with multiplicity, of multivariate lacunary polynomials over fields of characteristic zero. The algorithm reduces this computation to the computation of irreducible factors of degree at most $d$ of univariate lacunary polynomials and to the factorization of low-degree multivariate polynomials. The reduction runs in time polynomial in the size of the input polynomial and in $d$. As a result, we obtain a new polynomial-time algorithm for the computation of low-degree factors, with multiplicity, of multivariate lacunary polynomials over number fields, but our method also gives partial results for other fields, such as the fields of $p$-adic numbers or for absolute or approximate factorization for instance. The core of our reduction uses the Newton polygon of the input polynomial, and its validity is based on the Newton-Puiseux expansion of roots of bivariate polynomials. In particular, we bound the valuation of $f(X,ϕ)$ where $f$ is a lacunary polynomial and $ϕ$ a Puiseux series whose vanishing polynomial has low degree.
description: 22 pages
Insular Romance: Politics, Faith, and Culture in Anglo-Norman and Middle English Literature
Creators: name: Crane, Susan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1986
Subjects: Anglo-Norman literature
Normans--Influence
Romances, English
Literature, Medieval

description: Many of Britain’s best known romances, such as the stories of Tristan, King Horn, Havelok, Guy of Warwick, and Bevis of Hampton, were first recorded in Anglo-Norman verse and later revised into Middle English versions. Setting these English and French texts in conversation with one another illuminates the impact of the Norman Conquest on Britain's linguistic, literary, and social history. These romances form a distinctively "insular" body of works, closely related to one another and to their situation in England. Chapters 1 and 2: Romances of English heroes assess the political ideas sustaining the shift from feudal toward national organization. Chapter 3: Pious romances counter the church's vision of irreconcilable opposition between worldly ambitions and devotion to God. Chapters 4 and 5: Romances concerned with courtliness question the hermetic elevation and spiritual refinement of conventional “courtoisie.”
A single-merger scenario for the formation of the giant stream and the warp of M31
Creators: name: Sadoun, Raphael
name: Mohayaee, Roya
name: Colin, Jacques
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose that the accretion of a dwarf spheroidal galaxy provides a common origin for the giant southern stream and the warp of M31. We run about 40 full N-body simulations with live M31, infalling galaxies with varying masses and density profiles, and cosmologically-plausible initial orbital parameters. Excellent agreement with a full range of observational data is obtained for a model in which a dark-matter-rich dwarf spheroidal, whose trajectory lies on the thin plane of corotating satellites of M31, is accreted from its turnaround radius of about 200 kpcs into M31 at approximately 3 Gyrs ago. The satellite is disrupted as it orbits in the potential well of the galaxy and forms the giant stream and in return heats and warps the disk of M31. We show that our cosmologically-motivated model is favoured by the kinematic data over the phenomenological models in which the satellite starts its infall from a close distance of M31. Our model predicts that the remnant of the disrupted satellite resides in the region of the North-Eastern shelf of M31. The results here suggest that the surviving satellites of M31 that orbit on the same thin plane, as the disrupted satellite once did, could have all been accreted from an intergalactic filament.
description: 18 pages, 22 figures, 3 tables
Characterizing and modeling an electoral campaign in the context of Twitter: 2011 Spanish Presidential Election as a case study
Creators: name: Borondo, J.
name: Morales, A. J.
name: Losada, J. C.
name: Benito, R. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Transmitting messages in the most efficient way as possible has always been one of politicians main concerns during electoral processes. Due to the rapidly growing number of users, online social networks have become ideal platforms for politicians to interact with their potential voters. Exploiting the available potential of these tools to maximize their influence over voters is one of politicians actual challenges. To step in this direction, we have analyzed the user activity in the online social network Twitter, during the 2011 Spanish Presidential electoral process, and found that such activity is correlated with the election results. We introduce a new measure to study political support in Twitter, which we call the Relative Support. We have also characterized user behavior by analyzing the structural and dynamical patterns of the complex networks emergent from the mention and retweet networks. Our results suggest that the collective attention is driven by a very small fraction of users. Furthermore we have analyzed the interactions taking place among politicians, observing a lack of debate. Finally we develop a network growth model to reproduce the interactions taking place among politicians.
Consequences in Health Status and Costs
Creators: name: Muennig, Peter A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Educational attainment
High school graduates
Mortality--Economic aspects
Public health
Education

description: People with more education typically live longer and healthier lives. High school graduates, for example, live about six to nine years longer than high school dropouts. They also are less likely to suffer from illness or disability in a variety of forms. In this chapter I seek to measure these benefits in dollar terms. I focus on the association between educational attainment and (1) reductions in morbidity and mortality and (2) reductions in government spending on health care. I examine these effects using a large, comprehensive health data set, the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, covering the non-institutionalized civilian population in the United States. On the basis of conservative assumptions, I conclude that each additional high school graduate represents a health-related gain to the government of at least $39,000 in discounted lifetime medical expenditures. Monetized gains in health and longevity amount to an additional $183,000. I also discuss the limitations of this analysis.
Quemisia gravis Miller 1929
Creators: name: Woods, Charles A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1993
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Heptaxodontidae
Quemisia
Quemisia gravis

description: Quemisia gravis Miller, 1929. Smithson. Mise. Coll., 81(9):23. TYPE LOCALITY: Haiti, Dept, de L'Artibonite, 6 kms. east of Saint Michel de L'Atalaye. DISTRIBUTION: Hispaniola. STATUS: Extinct.
description: Published as part of Charles A. Woods, 1993, Order Rodentia - Suborder Hystricognathi, pp. 771-806 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 805, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353083
Inverse problem for the wave equation with a white noise source
Creators: name: Helin, Tapio
name: Lassas, Matti
name: Oksanen, Lauri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35R30

description: We consider a smooth Riemannian metric tensor $g$ on $\R^n$ and study the stochastic wave equation for the Laplace-Beltrami operator $\p_t^2 u - Δ_g u = F$. Here, $F=F(t,x,ω)$ is a random source that has white noise distribution supported on the boundary of some smooth compact domain $M \subset \R^n$. We study the following formally posed inverse problem with only one measurement. Suppose that $g$ is known only outside of a compact subset of $M^{int}$ and that a solution $u(t,x,ω_0)$ is produced by a single realization of the source $F(t,x,ω_0)$. We ask what information regarding $g$ can be recovered by measuring $u(t,x,ω_0)$ on $\R_+ \times \p M$? We prove that such measurement together with the realization of the source determine the scattering relation of the Riemannian manifold $(M, g)$ with probability one. That is, for all geodesics passing through $M$, the travel times together with the entering and exit points and directions are determined. In particular, if $(M,g)$ is a simple Riemannian manifold and $g$ is conformally Euclidian in $M$, the measurement determines the metric $g$ in $M$.
description: 25 pages
The association between physical activity and social support in older people: A scoping review protocol.
Creators: name: Steinhoff, Paula
name: Reiner, Amelie
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Public Health
subject: Gerontology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: older adults
subject: physical activity
subject: social network
subject: social support

description: The global population of older people is increasing and is estimated to reach nearly 2.1 billion in 2050. Physical activity (PA) is one of the key components for successful ageing, as it prevents noncommunicable diseases, improves mental health, cognitive functioning and quality of life. However, 23% of adults globally are insufficiently active with some high income countries having inactivity rates of up to 54%. Furthermore, physical inactivity increases with age. About two-thirds of the age group between 65-74 and three-quarters of the age group over 75 do not meet PA guidelines. A systematic review from 2017 showed that social support and loneliness are associated with PA in older people. This scoping review updates the systematic review by identifying and mapping all of the available evidence, including qualitative and mixed-methods studies, and provides an overview of the association between PA and social support in an older population.
title: Divus Thomas Aquinas Magnus Juris Doctor; [1705]
title: Rigidè Tentatus, Examinatus, Approbatus Ac Consvetâ Panegyri Ejus honori dicatâ Inauguratus In Ecclesia Sancti Aegidij Vetero-Pragae Sacri Ordinis Praedicatorum ; Die 7. Martij, Anno Christi MDCCV.
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Neumann von Puchholtz, Wenceslas Xavier
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2016

description: Vorlageform des Erscheinungsvermerks: Vetero-Pragae, Typis Barbarae Franciscae Beringerin Viduae. Per Matthiam Seissenhoffer.
Low-threshold response of a scintillating xenon bubble chamber to nuclear and electronic recoils
Creators: name: Alfonso-Pita, E.
name: Behnke, E.
name: Bressler, M.
name: Broerman, B.
name: Clark, K.
name: Coppejans, R.
name: Corbett, J.
name: Crisler, M.
name: Dahl, C. E.
name: Dering, K.
name: Croix, A. de St.
name: Durnford, D.
name: Giampa, P.
name: Hall, J.
name: Harris, O.
name: Hawley-Herrera, H.
name: Lamb, N.
name: Laurin, M.
name: Levine, I.
name: Lippincott, W. H.
name: Neilson, R.
name: Piro, M. -C.
name: Pyda, D.
name: Sheng, Z.
name: Sweeney, G.
name: Vázquez-Jáuregui, E.
name: Westerdale, S.
name: Whitis, T. J.
name: Wright, A.
name: Zhang, J.
name: Zhang, R.
name: Zuñiga-Reyes, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A device filled with pure xenon first demonstrated the ability to operate simultaneously as a bubble chamber and scintillation detector in 2017. Initial results from data taken at thermodynamic thresholds down to ~4 keV showed sensitivity to ~20 keV nuclear recoils with no observable bubble nucleation by $γ$-ray interactions. This paper presents results from further operation of the same device at thermodynamic thresholds as low as 0.50 keV, hardware limited. The bubble chamber has now been shown to have sensitivity to ~1 keV nuclear recoils while remaining insensitive to bubble nucleation by $γ$-rays. A robust calibration of the chamber's nuclear recoil nucleation response, as a function of nuclear recoil energy and thermodynamic state, is presented. Stringent upper limits are established for the probability of bubble nucleation by $γ$-ray-induced Auger cascades, with a limit of $<1.1\times10^{-6}$ set at 0.50 keV, the lowest thermodynamic threshold explored.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
Redistribution and Health
Creators: name: Muennig, Peter A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Social status
African Americans--Education
Mortality--Social aspects
Educational attainment
Public health
Education

description: In their evocative thought experiment, Woolf et al. demonstrate that reducing racial disparities might result in greater gains in life expectancy than investments in medical technology.1 In calculating reductions in mortality attributable to medical technology, the authors conservatively assumed that medical technology was responsible for 100% of the observed reduction in mortality over the study period. Unfortunately, there is a catch to this assumption that renders it less conservative. Over the 1991–2000 study frame the authors used, increases in the Gini coefficient occurred.2 This suggests that socioeconomic disparities for the overall population (not just African Americans) worsened. If disparities are causing declines in health, they will hide a portion of the observed gains in life expectancy owing to medical technology.
Myocastoridae Ameghino 1904
Creators: name: Woods, Charles A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1993
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Myocastoridae

description: Family Myocastoridae Ameghino, 1904. Anales Soc. Cient. Argentina, 56-58:103. COMMENTS: Included in Capromyidae by Hall (1981:871), Corbet and Hill (1991:203), and others, but see Woods and Howland (1979), and Woods (1982) for why capromyids and myocastorids are distinct.
description: Published as part of Charles A. Woods, 1993, Order Rodentia - Suborder Hystricognathi, pp. 771-806 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 805, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353083
description: {"references": ["Hall, E. R. 1981. The mammals of North America. Second ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1: 1 - 600 + 90, 2: 601 - 1181 + 90.", "Corbet, G. B., and J. E. Hill. 1991. A world list of mammalian species. Third ed. British Museum (Natural History) Publications, London, 243 pp.", "Woods, C. A., and E. B. Howland. 1979. Adaptive radiation of capromyid rodents. Journal of Mammalogy, 60: 95 - 116.", "Woods, C. A. 1982. The history and classification of South American hystricognath rodents: Reflections on the far away and long ago. Pp. 377 - 392, in Mammalian biology in South America (M. Mares and H. Genoways, eds.). Special Publication Series, Pymatuning Laboratory of Ecology, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 6: 1 - 539."]}
A Methodology to Engineer and Validate Dynamic Multi-level Multi-agent Based Simulations
Creators: name: Soyez, Jean-Baptiste
name: Morvan, Gildas
name: Dupont, Daniel
name: Merzouki, Rochdi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This article proposes a methodology to model and simulate complex systems, based on IRM4MLS, a generic agent-based meta-model able to deal with multi-level systems. This methodology permits the engineering of dynamic multi-level agent-based models, to represent complex systems over several scales and domains of interest. Its goal is to simulate a phenomenon using dynamically the lightest representation to save computer resources without loss of information. This methodology is based on two mechanisms: (1) the activation or deactivation of agents representing different domain parts of the same phenomenon and (2) the aggregation or disaggregation of agents representing the same phenomenon at different scales.
description: Presented at 3th International Workshop on Multi-Agent Based Simulation, Valencia, Spain, 5th June 2012
Predicting geographical variations in behavioural risk factors: an analysis of physical and mental healthy days
Creators: name: Jia, Haomiao
name: Muennig, Peter A.
name: Lubetkin, Erica
name: Gold, Marthe R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Public health
Risk-taking (Psychology)
Community health services
Mental health

description: Study objectives: To determine the validity of physical and mental unhealthy days as summary measures for county health status and to forward a method for examining county level health trends using a single year of data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS).

Design: The study analysed geographical variation in physical and mental unhealthy days at the state and county level using the 2000 BRFSS. Whereas state level analyses used individual level data, this research conducted multilevel regression analysis using county level data as independent variables and individual level reports of physical and mental unhealthy days as dependent variables.

Setting: Population based samples of non-institutionalised civilian adult residents from each of the 50 states and the District of Columbia in the United States.

Main results: Socioeconomic variables predicted similar mean numbers of physical and mental unhealthy days at both the state and county level, validating the county level analyses. County level disability rates were strongly associated with county mean unhealthy days. Using the regression method we forward, it is possible to analyse county level trends using a single year of BRFSS data.

Conclusions: Physical and mental unhealthy days may be used as valid summary measures of county health status. Regression models may be used to assist local decision makers in assessing the needs of their communities and may be used to improve health resource allocation within states.
Die Edition der Ministerratsprotokolle 1848–1918
Creators: name: Kurz, Stephan
name: Fischer-Nebmaier, Wladimir
name: Schmied-Kowarzik, Anatol
name: Lein, Richard
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Digital Scholarly Edition
Hybrid Edition
TEI

description: A colorful representation of the workflows and output of the Ministerratsprotokolle Digital Scholarly Edition available through https://mrp.oeaw.ac.at/.
The effects of a psychosocial dimension of socioeconomic position on survival: occupational prestige and mortality among US working adults
Creators: name: Christ, Sharon L.
name: Fleming, Lora E.
name: Lee, David J.
name: Muntaner, Carlos
name: Muennig, Peter A.
name: Caban-Martinez, Alberto J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Social status--Psychological aspects
subject: Occupational prestige
subject: Occupational prestige--Psychological aspects
subject: Mortality--Economic aspects
subject: Mortality--Social aspects
subject: Public health
subject: Education
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: The association between education or income and mortality has been explored in great detail. These measures capture both the effects of material disadvantage on health and the psychosocial impacts of a low socioeconomic position on health. When explored independently of educational attainment and income, occupational prestige – a purely perceptual measure – serves as a measure of the impact of a psychosocial phenomenon on health. For instance, a fire-fighter, academician or schoolteacher may carry the social benefits of a higher social status without actually having the income (in all cases) or the educational credentials (in the case of the fire-fighter) to match. We explored the independent influence of occupational prestige on mortality. We applied Cox proportional hazards models to a nationally representative sample of over 380,000 US workers who had worked at any time between 1986 and 1994 with mortality follow up through 2002. We found that occupational prestige is associated with a decrease in the risk of all-cause, cancer, cardiovascular and respiratory-related mortality after controlling for household income and educational attainment. We further investigated the question of whether the effects of prestige are moderated by sex and broader occupational groupings. Prestige effects operate in white-collar occupations for men only and within service occupations for all workers.
Raman process under condition of radiation trapping in a disordered atomic medium
Creators: name: Gerasimov, L. V.
name: Ezhova, V. M.
name: Kupriyanov, D. V.
name: Baudouin, Q.
name: Guerin, W.
name: Kaiser, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the Raman process developing in a disordered medium of alkali-metal atoms when the scattered modes are trapped on a closed transition. Our theoretical analysis, based on numerical simulations of the Bethe-Salpeter equation for the light correlation function, which includes all Zeeman states and light polarization, lets us track the stimulated amplification as well as the losses associated with the inverse anti-Stokes scattering channel. We discuss possible conditions when this process could approach the instability point and enter the regime of random lasing.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review A
Measurement confounding affects the extent to which verbal IQ explains social gradients in mortality
Creators: name: Chapman, Benjamin
name: Fiscella, Kevin
name: Duberstein, Paul
name: Kawachi, Ichiro
name: Muennig, Peter A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Intelligence tests
Mortality
Mortality--Social aspects
Social status
Intelligence levels
Public health
Educational tests and measurements

description: Background IQ is thought to explain social gradients in mortality. IQ scores are based roughly equally on Verbal IQ (VIQ) and Performance IQ tests. VIQ tests, however, are suspected to confound true verbal ability with socioeconomic status (SES), raising the possibility that associations between SES and IQ scores might be overestimated. We examined, first, whether two of the most common types of VIQ tests exhibited differential item functioning (DIF) favouring persons of higher SES and/or majority race/ethnicity. Second, we assessed what impact, if any, this had on estimates of the extent to which VIQ explains social gradients in mortality.

Methods Data from the General Social Survey-National Death Index cohort, a US population representative dataset, was used. Item response theory models queried social-factor DIF on the Thorndike Verbal Intelligence Scale and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales, Revised Similarities test. Cox models examined mortality associations among SES and VIQ scores corrected and uncorrected for DIF.

Results When uncorrected for DIF, VIQ was correlated with income, education, occupational prestige and race, with correlation coefficients ranging between |0.12| and |0.43|. After correcting for DIF, correlations ranged from |0.06| to |0.16|. Uncorrected VIQ scores explained 11–40% of the Relative Index of Inequalities in mortality for social factors, while DIF-corrected scores explained 2–29%.

Conclusions Two of the common forms of VIQ tests appear confound verbal intelligence with SES. Since these tests appear in most IQ batteries, circumspection may be warranted in estimating the amount of social inequalities in mortality attributable to IQ.
Myocastor Kerr 1792
Creators: name: Woods, Charles A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1993
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Myocastoridae
Myocastor

description: Myocastor Kerr, 1792. In Linnaeus, Anim. Kingdom, p. 225. TYPE SPECIES: Mus coypus Molina, 1782. SYNONYMS: Mastonotus, Myopotamus, Potamys. COMMENTS: Myocastor is not a capromyid and was referred to the family Myocastoridae by Ameghino (1904) and Woods and Howland (1979:114). Although Patterson and Pascual (1968b:6) included Myocastor and several fossil forms as the subfamily Myocastorinae of the Echimyidae, it is generally agreed that Myocastor is not an echimyid.
description: Published as part of Charles A. Woods, 1993, Order Rodentia - Suborder Hystricognathi, pp. 771-806 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on pages 805-806, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353083
description: {"references": ["Molina, G. I. 1782. Saggio sulla storia naturale del Chili. Stamperia di S. Tommaso d'Aquino, Bologna.", "Ameghino, F. 1904. Myocastoridae. Annales de la Sociedad Cientifica de Argentina, 56 - 58: 103.", "Woods, C. A., and E. B. Howland. 1979. Adaptive radiation of capromyid rodents. Journal of Mammalogy, 60: 95 - 116.", "Patterson, B., and R. Pascual. 1968 b. New echimyid rodents from the Oligocene of Patagonia, and a synopsis of the family. Breviora, Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology, 301: 1 - 14."]}
Superconducting fiber with transition temperature up to 7.43 K in Nb2PdxS5-delta (0< x <0.6)
Creators: name: Yu, Hongyan
name: Zuo, Ming
name: Zhang, Lei
name: Tan, Shun
name: Zhang, Changjin
name: Zhang, Yuheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Wiring systems powered by high-efficient superconductors have long been a dream of scientists, but researchers have faced practical challenges such as finding flexible materials. Here we report superconductivity in Nb2PdxS5-delta fibers with transition temperature up to 7.43 K, which have typical diameters of 0.3-3 micrometer. Superconductivity occurs in a wide range of Pd and S contents, suggesting that the superconductivity in this system is very robust. Long fibers with suitable size provide a new route to high-power transmission cables and electronic devices.
description: 3 pages, 4 figures, plus 8 pages of supplementary material; Accepted by J. Am. Chem. Soc
The public returns to public educational investments in African-American males
Creators: name: Levin, Henry M.
name: Belfield, Clive
name: Muennig, Peter A.
name: Rouse, Cecilia
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: High school graduates
African American men--Education
Education--Cost effectiveness
Education--Economic aspects
African American men
Public health
Education
African Americans

description: This paper calculates the public savings (financial benefits) from greater public investments in the education of African-American males. Over one-fifth of each age cohort of black males in US is not a high school graduate. We identify five interventions that would—based on credible research—increase the graduation rate; we also report the public cost of each intervention. We then calculate the lifetime public benefits in terms of increased tax revenues and lower spending on health and crime. In present values, for a black male aged 20, these public benefits amount to $256,700 per new graduate and the median intervention would cost only $90,700. The benefit/cost ratio is 2.83. Simply equating the high school graduation rate of black males with that of white males would yield public savings of $3.98 billion for each age cohort. These results suggest that increased investments in education for black males at risk of dropping out of high school should be an economic priority.
Single-field inflation à la generalized Chaplygin gas
Creators: name: del Campo, Sergio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the simplest scenario for inflation, i. e. in the single-field inflation, it is presented an inflaton field with properties equivalent to a generalized Chaplygin gas. Their study is performed using the Hamilton-Jacobi approach to cosmology. The main results are contrasted with the measurements recently released by the Planck data, combined with the WMAP large-angle polarization. If the measurements released by Planck for the scalar spectral index together with its running are taken into account it is found a value for the $α$-parameter associated to the generalized Chaplygin gas given by $α= 0.2578 \pm 0.0009$.
description: 18 pages, 3 figures, accepted for the publication in JCAP. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1212.1315
Arthritis, Occupational Class, and the Aging US Workforce
Creators: name: Caban-Martinez, Alberto J.
name: Lee, David J.
name: Fleming, Lora E.
name: Tancredi, Daniel J.
name: Arheart, Kristopher L.
name: LeBlanc, William G.
name: McCollister, Kathryn E.
name: Christ, Sharon L.
name: Louie, Grant H.
name: Muennig, Peter A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Working class--Health and hygiene
Working poor
Industrial safety
Arthritis
Public health

description: Objectives. The working poor sometimes delay retirement to survive. However, their higher risk of disease and disability threatens both their financial survival and their ability to work through the retirement years. We used the burden of disease attributable to arthritis by occupational class to illustrate the challenges faced by the older poor.

Methods. We merged data from the National Health Interview Survey, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, and the National Death Index into a single database. We then calculated and compared age- and occupational class–specific quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) between workers with and without arthritis by using unabridged life tables.

Results. White-collar workers have a higher overall health-related quality of life than do other workers, and suffer fewer QALYs lost to arthritis at all ages. For instance, whereas 65-year-old white-collar workers without arthritis look forward to 17 QALYs of future life, blue-collar workers with arthritis experience only 11, and are much less likely to remain in the workforce than are those in service, farming, or white-collar jobs.

Conclusions. To meet the needs of the aging workforce, more extensive health and disability insurance will be needed.
title: Maurice Halbwachs e la memoria collettiva. Riletture critiche
Creators: name: Tedesco, Luca
name: Giosi, Marco
Publisher: name: Roma TrE-Press
Year: 2021

description: Il presente contributo è volto ad analizzare la teoria della memoria collettiva elaborata dal sociologo francese Maurice Halbwachs. La prima ipotesi interpretativa intende mettere a fuoco la presenza significativa, in Halbwachs, di un principio di narratività che agisce come elemento formativo della persona attraverso la complessa dialettica tra memoria sociale e memoria autobiografica. La seconda prospetta che la storiografia, nella misura in cui utilizza la memoria per veicolare una specifica costellazione valoriale, incorra in un duplice infortunio scientifico, non tenendo sufficientemente conto delle differenze tra memoria e indagine storica e attribuendosi compiti impropri.
Impact of Welfare Reform on Mortality: An Evaluation of the Connecticut Jobs First Program, A Randomized Controlled Trial
Creators: name: Wilde, Elizabeth T.
name: Rosen, Zohn
name: Couch, Kenneth
name: Muennig, Peter A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Aid to families with dependent children programs
Income
Mortality
Public welfare
Public health

description: Objectives. We examined whether Jobs First, a multicenter randomized trial of a welfare reform program conducted in Connecticut, demonstrated increases in employment, income, and health insurance relative to traditional welfare (Aid to Families with Dependent Children). We also investigated if higher earnings and employment improved mortality of the participants.

Methods. We revisited the Jobs First randomized trial, successfully linking 4612 participant identifiers to 15 years of prospective mortality follow-up data through 2010, producing 240 deaths. The analysis was powered to detect a 20% change in mortality hazards.

Results. Significant employment and income benefits were realized among Jobs First recipients relative to traditional welfare recipients, particularly for the most disadvantaged groups. However, although none of these reached statistical significance, all participants in Jobs First (overall, across centers, and all subgroups) experienced higher mortality hazards than traditional welfare recipients.

Conclusions. Increases in income and employment produced by Jobs First relative to traditional welfare improved socioeconomic status but did not improve survival.