cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada, Vol 11 No 2 (2018)
Creators: name: Health, The
Publisher: name: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada
Year: 2018

description: Does exergaming promote well-being in adults?...3-14
Does it matter if I am overweight?...15-52
Obesity in 2018: Do we have an epidemic, and if so what caused it?...53-112
A Review of Physical Activity Status in Canadian Indigenous Populations and Current Physical Activity Guidelines and Evaluation Methods...113-121
Culturally Appropriate Physical Activity Interventions with Indigenous Communities in Canada...122-128
A Parametric Modeling Approach to Measuring the Gas Masses of Circumstellar Disks
Creators: name: Williams, Jonathan P.
name: Best, William M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The disks that surround young stars are mostly composed of molecular gas, which is harder to detect and interpret than the accompanying dust. Disk mass measurements have therefore relied on large and uncertain extrapolations from the dust to the gas. We have developed a grid of models to study the dependencies of isotopologue CO line strengths on disk structure and temperature parameters and find that a combination of 13CO and C18O observations provides a robust measure of the gas mass. We apply this technique to Submillimeter Array observations of nine circumstellar disks and published measurements of six well studied disks. We find evidence for selective photodissociation of C18O and determine masses to within a factor of about three. The inferred masses for the nine disks in our survey range from 0.7-6 M_Jup, and all are well below the extrapolation from the interstellar medium gas-to-dust ratio of 100. This is consistent with the low masses of planets found around such stars, and may be due to accretion or photoevaporation of a dust-poor upper atmosphere. However, the masses may be underestimated if there are more efficient CO depletion pathways than those known in molecular clouds and cold cores.
description: Accepted for publication in the ApJ. 15 pages, 11 figures, full model grid (Table 3) available in the source files
Is Imaginary Starobinsky Model Real?
Creators: name: Kallosh, Renata
name: Linde, Andrei
name: Vercnocke, Bert
name: Chemissany, Wissam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the recently proposed possibility of chaotic inflation with respect to the imaginary part of the field T in a supersymmetric embedding of the Starobinsky model. We show that the stage of rapid expansion driven by Im T in this model ends almost instantly, and the subsequent stages of inflation are driven by the real part of the field T, as in the standard Starobinsky model. Thus, the Starobinsky model and its supersymmetric generalizations remain disfavored by the recent BICEP2 data.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, minor corrections
Tensor-network-based variational Monte Carlo approach to the non-equilibrium steady state of open quantum systems
Creators: name: Hryniuk, Dawid A.
name: Szymańska, Marzena H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a novel method of efficiently simulating the non-equilibrium steady state of large many-body open quantum systems with highly non-local interactions, based on a variational Monte Carlo optimization of a matrix product operator ansatz. Our approach outperforms and offers several advantages over comparable algorithms, such as an improved scaling of the computational cost with respect to the bond dimension for periodic systems. We showcase the versatility of our approach by studying the phase diagrams and correlation functions of the dissipative quantum Ising model with collective dephasing and long-ranged power law interactions for spin chains of up to $N=100$ spins.
Does exergaming promote well-being in adults?
Creators: name: Santos, Esther S.
name: Wilson, Philip Michael
name: Mack, Diane E.
Publisher: name: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada
Year: 2018

description: Background: Physical inactivity is a pervasive issue despite the well-known health benefits of habitual exercise. Novel interventions – such as exergaming – represent a viable option to address the physical inactivity crisis yet little is known about the effects on well-being attributable to exergaming in adults.


Purpose:  The purpose of this review was to synthesize the current status of published research using exergaming as a platform to change well-being in adults.


Methods: Following a comprehensive search of electronic databases (N = 5), a multi-phase filtering process resulted in 24 studies that were coded for this review. All retained studies were (a) published in English, (b) used exergaming as an intervention, and (c) measured at least one marker of well-being that served as a dependent variable.


Results:  Mixed support was evident for improved well-being as a function of exergaming in adults. Less than 50.0 percent of the coded studies using either multi- or single-group (pre-posttest) research designs reported enhanced well-being as a function of exergaming. Heterogeneity in research designs, variety in measuring well-being, plus an overreliance on null-hypothesis significance testing were evident in studies focused on the contributions of exergaming to well-being.


Conclusions: Overall, it seems that exergaming has potential for improving well-being in adults. However, the evidence-base supporting widespread use of exergaming as a modality for improved well-being in adults remains equivocal at this juncture.
description: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada, Vol 11 No 2 (2018)
Testimonios indirectos para la edición del romancero: el catálogo de citas de romances en la literatura española de María Goyri
Creators: name: Asensio Jiménez, Nicolás
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Spanish Literature
Medieval Literature
Romancero
Traditional ballads
Spanish Golden Age
Textual criticism

description: Participación en el Coloquio Internacional de la Asociación Hispánica de Literatura Medieval «Editar textos medievales en el siglo XXI», celebrado en la Universidad Complutense de Madrid los días 5, 6 y 7 de septiembre de 2022. Además de la presentación de la comunicación titulada "Testimonios indirectos para la edición del romancero: el catálogo de citas de romances en la literatura española de María Goyri", se adjunta a continuación el resumen: "Inspirada por el trabajo de Carolina Michaelis de Vasconcelos en Estudos sobre o romanceiro peninsular: romances velhos em portugal de 1907-1909 (donde la investigadora alemano-portuguesa catalogó y estudió 300 referencias a romances en la literatura portuguesa, actualmente revisadas, ampliadas y disponibles en una base de datos en línea por el proyecto RELIT-Rom), María Goyri, con la colaboración de Ramón Menéndez Pidal, inventarió alrededor de 2000 ecos romancísticos en la literatura española de los siglos XV, XVI y XVII. La mayoría son citas textuales de versos, aunque también se incluyen alusiones a personajes e historias de los romances más populares. Este inventario, que forma parte del Archivo de la Fundación Ramón Menéndez Pidal en Madrid, resulta de especial interés para el estudio del romancero antiguo. Por una parte, permite conocer cuáles eran los temas y versos más populares y comprobar hasta qué punto la literatura española de la tardía Edad Media y del Siglo de Oro fue influenciada por el romancero. Por otra parte, gracias a estos testimonios indirectos, a menudo podemos conocer variantes y versiones de romances diferentes a las conservadas por pliegos sueltos, cancioneros y romanceros (tanto manuscritos como impresos) de los siglos XV, XVI y XVII. Además, permiten probar que algunos romances que solo se conservan en la tradición oral moderna ya se conocían desde tiempo antiguo y también resultan esenciales para documentar la existencia de romances de los que no se han conservado textos. Mediante la presente comunicación no solo se pretende presentar el inventario de María Goyri, que actualmente está siendo catalogado y actualizado por el proyecto GOLDEN-Rom, sino también demostrar, mediante análisis de casos concretos, lo mucho que pueden aportar estos testimonios indirectos para la edición del romancero."
A novel approach to detect line emission under high background in high-resolution X-ray spectra
Creators: name: Zhang, Xiangyu
name: Algeri, Sara
name: Kashyap, Vinay
name: Karovska, Margarita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We develop a novel statistical approach to identify emission features or set upper limits in high-resolution spectra in the presence of high background. The method relies on detecting differences from the background using smooth tests and using classical likelihood ratio tests to characterise known shapes like emission lines. We perform signal detection or place upper limits on line fluxes while accounting for the problem of multiple comparisons. We illustrate the method by applying it to a Chandra LETGS+HRC-S observation of symbiotic star RT Cru, successfully detecting previously known features like the Fe line emission in the 6-7 keV range and the Iridium-edge due to the mirror coating on Chandra. We search for thermal emission lines from Ne X, Fe XVII, O VIII, and O VII, but do not detect them, and place upper limits on their intensities consistent with a $\approx$1 keV plasma. We serendipitously detect a line at 16.93 $\unicode{x212B}$ that we attribute to photoionisation or a reflection component.
description: Accepted by Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Alternativas para sustituir la harina de Macrocystis de lasdietas balanceadas para abulón azul (Haliotis fulgens) /
Creators: name: Nava Guerrero, Rosalba
Publisher: name: Universidad Autónoma de Baja California.
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: SH371.5 N38 2002

description: Como alternativas para sustituir la harina de Macrocystis sp. del alimento balanceado para el abulón azul Haliotis fulgens, por el alto costo de la misma se utilizaron la harina de mosto de uva y la de alfalfa las cuales son subproducto y producto regional respectivamente con un costo mínimo o menor.
Differential Walk on Spheres
Creators: name: Miller, Bailey
name: Sawhney, Rohan
name: Crane, Keenan
name: Gkioulekas, Ioannis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce a Monte Carlo method for computing derivatives of the solution to a partial differential equation (PDE) with respect to problem parameters (such as domain geometry or boundary conditions). Derivatives can be evaluated at arbitrary points, without performing a global solve or constructing a volumetric grid or mesh. The method is hence well suited to inverse problems with complex geometry, such as PDE-constrained shape optimization. Like other walk on spheres (WoS) algorithms, our method is trivial to parallelize, and is agnostic to boundary representation (meshes, splines, implicit surfaces, etc.), supporting large topological changes. We focus in particular on screened Poisson equations, which model diverse problems from scientific and geometric computing. As in differentiable rendering, we jointly estimate derivatives with respect to all parameters -- hence, cost does not grow significantly with parameter count. In practice, even noisy derivative estimates exhibit fast, stable convergence for stochastic gradient-based optimization, as we show through examples from thermal design, shape from diffusion, and computer graphics.
description: 18 pages, includes demo video of results. Project page https://imaging.cs.cmu.edu/differential_walk_on_spheres
Jet Substructure Templates: Data-driven QCD Backgrounds for Fat Jet Searches
Creators: name: Cohen, Timothy
name: Jankowiak, Martin
name: Lisanti, Mariangela
name: Lou, Hou Keong
name: Wacker, Jay G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: QCD is often the dominant background to new physics searches for which jet substructure provides a useful handle. Due to the challenges associated with modeling this background, data-driven approaches are necessary. This paper presents a novel method for determining QCD predictions using templates -- probability distribution functions for jet substructure properties as a function of kinematic inputs. Templates can be extracted from a control region and then used to compute background distributions in the signal region. Using Monte Carlo, we illustrate the procedure with two case studies and show that the template approach effectively models the relevant QCD background. This work strongly motivates the application of these techniques to LHC data.
description: v2: 24 pages plus appendices, 11 figures, journal version
Exponential potential for an inflaton with nonminimal kinetic coupling and its supergravity embedding
Creators: name: Dalianis, Iannis
name: Farakos, Fotis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the light of the new observational results we discuss the status of the exponential potentials driving inflation. We depart form the minimal scenario and study an inflaton kinetically coupled to the Einstein tensor. We find that in this case the exponential potentials are well compatible with observations. Their predictions coincide with those of the chaotic type quadratic potential for an inflaton minimally coupled to gravity. We show that there exists a simple mapping between the two models. Moreover, a novel aspect of our model is that it features a natural exit from the inflationary phase even in the absence of a minimum. We also turn to supergravity and motivate these sort of potentials and the non-minimal kinetic coupling as possible effective dilaton theories.
description: 11 pages, 1 figure, journal version
Picasso: Cabeça de Touro
Creators: name: Gil, Francisco Baptista
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 360102
subject: Art history

description: A escultura mais importante de Picasso feita com objetos pré-existentes e uma das obras-primas da arte do século XX é a Cabeça de Touro, realizada em Paris, em 1942.
Considering to apply for a MSCA Postdoctoral Fellowship? Here is my successful experience and some tips!
Creators: name: Asensio Jiménez, Nicolás
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Marie Skłodowska-Curie Fellowships
Postdoctoral Fellowships
Postdoc

description: Informative article telling my personal experience and some tips for applying for a Marie Skłodowska-Curie fellowship. Published in the open platform Medium: https://medium.com/@njasensio/considering-to-apply-for-a-msca-postdoctoral-fellowship-8fcf7ebc7c2a?source=friends_link&sk=a3178b06499c3ab614018c27c532e6c5
Class Overwhelms: Mutual Conditional Blended-Target Domain Adaptation
Creators: name: Xu, Pengcheng
name: Wang, Boyu
name: Ling, Charles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Current methods of blended targets domain adaptation (BTDA) usually infer or consider domain label information but underemphasize hybrid categorical feature structures of targets, which yields limited performance, especially under the label distribution shift. We demonstrate that domain labels are not directly necessary for BTDA if categorical distributions of various domains are sufficiently aligned even facing the imbalance of domains and the label distribution shift of classes. However, we observe that the cluster assumption in BTDA does not comprehensively hold. The hybrid categorical feature space hinders the modeling of categorical distributions and the generation of reliable pseudo labels for categorical alignment. To address these, we propose a categorical domain discriminator guided by uncertainty to explicitly model and directly align categorical distributions $P(Z|Y)$. Simultaneously, we utilize the low-level features to augment the single source features with diverse target styles to rectify the biased classifier $P(Y|Z)$ among diverse targets. Such a mutual conditional alignment of $P(Z|Y)$ and $P(Y|Z)$ forms a mutual reinforced mechanism. Our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art in BTDA even compared with methods utilizing domain labels, especially under the label distribution shift, and in single target DA on DomainNet. Source codes are available at \url{https://github.com/Pengchengpcx/Class-overwhelms-Mutual-Conditional-Blended-Target-Domain-Adaptation}.
Diagnostic Reference Levels in Digital Mammography in Singapore General Hospital (SGH) and Sengkang General Hospital (SKH).
Creators: name: Soh, Bao Lin Pauline
name: Cham, JJZ
name: Kew, XB
name: Lim, J
name: Moy, YW
name: Phua, J
name: Leong, SY
name: Arlany, L
name: Chan, LL
Publisher: name: Singapore Institute of Technology
Year: 2024

description: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy amongst females in Singapore and regular mammography screening is an effective way to reduce mortality. However, due to its involvement of ionising radiation, the International Commission of Radiation Protection (ICRP) recommends the establishment of diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) to ensure that radiation dose is kept as low as reasonably possible. DRLs are benchmarks which allow for corrective measures to be implemented if audit levels are found to differ greatly from established standards, preventing dose creep.3,4 In mammography, the DRL should be derived from the mean glandular dose (MGD), which refers to the mean dose absorbed by the radiosensitive glandular breast tissue.3,5-7 As breast compositions can vary significantly between populations, it is important to establish a DRL specific to Singapore’s population, As per ICRP’s recommendations. To date, there has not been any DRLs established for digital mammography in Singapore. In this study, institutional DRLs for SGH and SKH are established as the first step towards a national DRL.
Cross Sections of the $^{83}$Rb(p,$γ)^{84}$Sr and $^{84}$Kr(p,$γ)^{85}$Rb Reactions at Energies Characteristic of the Astrophysical $γ$ Process
Creators: name: Williams, M.
name: Davids, B.
name: Lotay, G.
name: Nishimura, N.
name: Rauscher, T.
name: Gillespie, S. A.
name: Alcorta, M.
name: Amthor, A. M.
name: Ball, G. C.
name: Bhattacharjee, S. S.
name: Bildstein, V.
name: Catford, W. N.
name: Doherty, D. T.
name: Esker, N. E.
name: Garnsworthy, A. B.
name: Hackman, G.
name: Hudson, K.
name: Lennarz, A.
name: Natzke, C.
name: Olaizola, B.
name: Psaltis, A.
name: Svensson, C. E.
name: Williams, J.
name: Walter, D.
name: Yates, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have measured the cross section of the $^{83}$Rb(p,$γ)^{84}$Sr radiative capture reaction in inverse kinematics using a radioactive beam of $^{83}$Rb at incident energies of 2.4 and $2.7 A$ MeV. Prior to the radioactive beam measurement, the $^{84}$Kr(p,$γ)^{85}$Rb radiative capture reaction was measured in inverse kinematics using a stable beam of $^{84}$Kr at an incident energy of $2.7 A$ MeV. The effective relative kinetic energies of these measurements lie within the relevant energy window for the $γ$ process in supernovae. The central values of the measured partial cross sections of both reactions were found to be $0.17-0.42$ times the predictions of statistical model calculations. Assuming the predicted cross section at other energies is reduced by the same factor leads to a slightly higher calculated abundance of the $p$ nucleus $^{84}$Sr, caused by the reduced rate of the $^{84}$Sr($γ$,p)$^{83}$Rb reaction derived from the present measurement.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2109.06775
Discriminatory proofreading regimes in non-equilibrium systems
Creators: name: Murugan, Arvind
name: Huse, David A
name: Leibler, Stanislas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We use ideas from kinetic proofreading, an error-correcting mechanism in biology, to identify new kinetic regimes in non-equilibrium systems. These regimes are defined by the sensitivity of the occupancy of a state of the system to a change in its energy. In biological contexts, higher sensitivity corresponds to stronger discrimination between molecular substrates with different energetics competing in the same reaction. We study this discriminatory ability in systems with discrete states that are connected by a general network of transitions. We find multiple regimes of different discriminatory ability when the energy of a given state of the network is varied. Interestingly, the occupancy of the state can even increase with its energy, corresponding to an "anti-proofreading" regime. The number and properties of such discriminatory regimes are limited by the topology of the network. Finally, we find that discriminatory regimes can be changed without modifying any "hard-wired" structural aspects of the system but rather by simply changing external chemical potentials.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, edited version published in PRX
Obesity in 2018: Do we have an epidemic, and if so what caused it?
Creators: name: Shephard, Roy J.
Publisher: name: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada
Year: 2018

description: Objective. To document the existence, nature and course of the "obesity epidemic," and to explore secular correlates that appear to have played a part in its causation.  Methods. Analysis of relevant literature through the data bases of PUBMED and Google Scholar to March 2018, supplemented by material held in the author's personal files.  Results. There is good evidence of an epidemic in the sense that obesity has become widely prevalent in many countries over the past 3 decades; in particular there has been an increase in the proportion of grossly obese individuals. Obesity showed its first increase in North America and Western Europe, but the epidemic has spread progressively to developing countries, with the increased prevalence of obesity being seen first in urban areas. In western countries, the proportion of obese individuals rose markedly in the 1980s, and now appears to be reaching a plateau, although from the viewpoint of health, the obese fraction of the population remains undesirably large. Commonly supposed causes of the epidemic include secular changes in the amount and type of food ingested, and a progressive decrease of habitual physical activity, but there could also be influences from a wide variety of other social and environmental changes, some of which match the obesity epidemic in terms of their timing. Discrimination among these potential causes remains important to the design of appropriate tactics to combat the epidemic. Conclusions. Weight for height ratios and skin-fold thicknesses have increased substantially in many countries over the past 2-3 decades, and an associated decrease of lean tissue has masked the full extent of an adverse secular change in body composition. A decrease of habitual physical activity, an increased intake of sucrose and associated over-eating are likely primary causes, but a multitude of other demographic, social and environmental changes could also have played a contributory role. A clarification of causation remains difficult because of the small magnitude of the daily energy imbalance leading to obesity, but nevertheless a determination of aetiology remains important to the design of appropriate future preventive efforts.
description: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada, Vol 11 No 2 (2018)
Considering to apply for a MSCA Postdoctoral Fellowship? My successful experience and some tips!
Creators: name: Asensio Jiménez, Nicolás
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Marie Skłodowska-Curie Fellowships
Postdoctoral Fellowships
Postdoc

description: Informative article telling my personal experience and some tips for applying for a Marie Skłodowska-Curie fellowship. Published in the open platform Medium: https://medium.com/@njasensio/considering-to-apply-for-a-msca-postdoctoral-fellowship-8fcf7ebc7c2a?source=friends_link&sk=a3178b06499c3ab614018c27c532e6c5
Updated measurements of [O III] 88 $μ$m, [C II] 158 $μ$m, and Dust Continuum Emission from a z=7.2 Galaxy
Creators: name: Ren, Yi W.
name: Fudamoto, Yoshinobu
name: Inoue, Akio K.
name: Sugahara, Yuma
name: Tokuoka, Tsuyoshi
name: Tamura, Yoichi
name: Matsuo, Hiroshi
name: Kohno, Kotaro
name: Umehata, Hideki
name: Hashimoto, Takuya
name: Bouwens, Rychard J.
name: Smit, Renske
name: Kashikawa, Nobunari
name: Okamoto, Takashi
name: Shibuya, Takatoshi
name: Shimizu, Ikkoh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present updated measurements of the [O III] 88 $μ$m, [C II] 158 $μ$m, and dust continuum emission from a star-forming galaxy at $z=7.212$, SXDF-NB1006-2, by utilizing Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) archival data sets analysed in previous studies and data sets that have not been analysed before. The follow-up ALMA observations with higher angular resolution and sensitivity reveal a clumpy structure of the [O III] emission on a scale of $0.32-0.85\,\rm{kpc}$. We also combined all the ALMA [O III] ([C II]) data sets and updated the [O III] ([C II]) detection to $5.9σ$ ($3.6σ-4.5σ$). The non-detection of [C II] with data from the REBELS large program implies the incompleteness of spectral-scan surveys using [C II] to detect galaxies with high star formation rates (SFRs) but marginal [C II] emission at high-$z$. The dust continuum at 90 $μ$m and 160 $μ$m remains undetected, indicating little dust content of $<3.9\times10^{6}\,M_\odot\,(3σ)$, and we obtained a more stringent constraint on the total infrared luminosity. We updated the [O III]/[C II] luminosity ratios to $10.2\pm4.7~(6.1\pm3.5$) and $20\pm12~(9.6\pm6.1$) for $4.5σ$ and $3.6σ$ [C II] detections, respectively, where the ratios in the parentheses are corrected for the surface brightness dimming effect on the extended [C II] emission. We also found a strong [C II] deficit ($0.6-1.3$ dex) between SXDF-NB1006-2 and the mean $L_{\rm{[CII]}}-\rm{SFR}$ relation of galaxies at $0
description: 13 pages, 10 figures, 8 tables, published in ApJ
Culturally Appropriate Physical Activity Interventions with Indigenous Communities in Canada
Creators: name: Gerrard, Emma
name: Lai, Henry
name: Warburton, Darren
Publisher: name: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada
Year: 2018

description: Finding innovative and culturally relevant ways to increase physical activity participation in Indigenous peoples is an important line of research. Evidence suggests that physical activity promotion strategies should target healthy lifestyle behaviours, as they recognize the complex socioeconomic, sociocultural and historical barriers faced by Indigenous populations. Increasing physical activity levels in Indigenous peoples can reduce the risks of metabolic syndrome and other chronic diseases within Indigenous communities. This evidence-based review is supplementary to a knowledge translation video, with the goal of educating the general public on the health-related benefits of culturally appropriate physical activity interventions.
description: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada, Vol 11 No 2 (2018)
A Fisher-Rao gradient flow for entropic mean-field min-max games
Creators: name: Lascu, Razvan-Andrei
name: Majka, Mateusz B.
name: Szpruch, Łukasz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Gradient flows play a substantial role in addressing many machine learning problems. We examine the convergence in continuous-time of a \textit{Fisher-Rao} (Mean-Field Birth-Death) gradient flow in the context of solving convex-concave min-max games with entropy regularization. We propose appropriate Lyapunov functions to demonstrate convergence with explicit rates to the unique mixed Nash equilibrium.
description: 24 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2306.03033
Fitting the Fermi-LAT GeV excess: On the importance of including the propagation of electrons from dark matter
Creators: name: Lacroix, Thomas
name: Boehm, Celine
name: Silk, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An excess of gamma rays at GeV energies has been pointed out in the Fermi-LAT data. This signal comes from a narrow region centred around the Galactic center and has been interpreted as possible evidence for light dark matter particles annihilating either into a mixture of leptons-antileptons and b-bbar or into b-bbar only. Focusing on the prompt gamma-ray emission, previous works found that the best fit to the data corresponds to annihilations proceeding predominantly into b-bbar. However, here we show that omitting the photon emission originating from primary and secondary electrons produced in dark matter annihilations, and undergoing diffusion through the Galactic magnetic field, can actually lead to the wrong conclusion. Accounting for this emission, we find that not only are annihilations of ~ 10 GeV particles into a purely leptonic final state allowed, but the democratic scenario actually provides a better fit to the spectrum of the excess than the pure b-bbar channel. We conclude our work with a discussion on constraints on these leptophilic scenarios based on the AMS data and the morphology of the excess.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, matches published version
Random Walk on a Rough Surface: Renormalization Group Analysis of a Simple Model
Creators: name: Antonov, N. V.
name: Gulitskiy, N. M.
name: Kakin, P. I.
name: Kerbitskiy, D. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The field theoretic renormalization group is applied to a simple model of random walk on a rough fluctuating surface. We consider the Fokker--Planck equation for a particle in a uniform gravitational field. The surface is modelled by the generalized Edwards--Wilkinson linear stochastic equation for the height field. The full stochastic model is reformulated as a multiplicatively renormalizable field theory, which allows for application of the standard renormalization theory. The renormalization group equations have several fixed points that correspond to possible scaling regimes in the infrared range (long times, large distances); all the critical dimensions are found exactly. As an example, the spreading law for particle's cloud is derived. It has the form $R^2(t)\simeq t^{2/Δ_ω}$ with the exactly known critical dimension of frequency $Δ_ω$ and, in general, differs from the standard expression $R^2(t)\simeq t$ for ordinary random walk.
description: 11 pages, 1 figure
A Review of Physical Activity Status in Canadian Indigenous Populations and Current Physical Activity Guidelines and Evaluation Methods
Creators: name: Hsu, Yu-Shan
name: Warburton, Darren E. R.
Publisher: name: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada
Year: 2018

description: Reports on health and physical activity status among Indigenous Canadians have highlighted the need for community-based and Indigenous led primary and secondary prevention programs that address the needs and cultural perspectives of Indigenous people. This student driven paper summarizes the patterns of and barriers to physical activity in Indigenous populations living in Canada and discusses concerns about cultural safety and appropriateness of current physical activity guidelines and methods of physical activity evaluation. Additionally, this paper highlights seven key practices to increase the effectiveness of future initiatives designed to improve physical activity behaviours in Indigenous communities. Future considerations for physical activity assessment and functional fitness testing in Indigenous communities are also discussed.
description: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada, Vol 11 No 2 (2018)
The effect of external magnetic field on electron scale Kelvin-Helmholtz instability
Creators: name: Tsiklauri, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use particle-in-cell, fully electromagnetic, plasma kinetic simulation to study the effect of external magnetic field on electron scale Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (ESKHI). The results are applicable to collisionless plasmas when e.g. solar wind interacts with planetary magnetospheres or magnetic field is generated in AGN jets. We find that as in the case of magnetohydrodynamic KHI, in the kinetic regime, presence of external magnetic field reduces growth rate of the instability. In MHD case there is known threshold magnetic field for KHI stabilization, while for ESKHI this is to be analytically determined. Without a kinetic analytical expression, we use several numerical simulation runs to establish an empirical dependence of ESKHI growth rate, $Γ(B_0)ω_{\rm pe}$, on the strength of applied external magnetic field. We find the best fit is hyperbolic, $Γ(B_0)ω_{\rm pe}=Γ_0ω_{\rm pe}/(A+B\bar B_0)$, where $Γ_0$ is the ESKHI growth rate without external magnetic field and $\bar B_0=B_0/B_{\rm MHD}$ is the ratio of external and two-fluid MHD stability threshold magnetic field, derived here. An analytical theory to back up this growth rate dependence on external magnetic field is needed. The results suggest that in astrophysical settings where strong magnetic field pre-exists, the generation of an additional magnetic field by the ESKHI is suppressed, which implies that the Nature provides a "safety valve" -- natural protection not to "over-generate" magnetic field by ESKHI mechanism. Remarkably, we find that our two-fluid MHD threshold magnetic field is the same (up to a factor $\sqrt{γ_0}$) as the DC saturation magnetic field, previously predicted by fully kinetic theory.
description: The final version accepted for publication in Res. Astron. Astrophys
Second order fluid dynamics for the unitary Fermi gas from kinetic theory
Creators: name: Schaefer, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute second order transport coefficients of the dilute Fermi gas at unitarity. The calculation is based on kinetic theory and the Boltzmann equation at second order in the Knudsen expansion. The second order transport coefficients describe the shear stress relaxation time, non-linear terms in the strain-stress relation, and non-linear couplings between vorticity and strain. An exact calculation in the dilute limit gives $τ_R=η/P$, where $τ_R$ is the shear stress relaxation time, $η$ is the shear viscosity, and $P$ is pressure. This relation is identical to the result obtained using the Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) approximation to the collision term, but other transport coefficients are sensitive to the exact collision integral.
description: 22 pages, no figures. v2: Minor revisions, to appear in Phys Rev A
Does it matter if I am overweight?
Creators: name: Shephard, Roy J.
Publisher: name: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada
Year: 2018

description: Objective. The objective of this article is to consider the impact of obesity upon body biomechanics, physiology, and various measures of human performance and ability. Methods. Information obtained from Ovid/Medline and Google Scholar through to September 2018 was supplemented by a search of the author's personal files. Results. An excessive accumulation of body fat has a wide range of negative consequences for biomechanical and physiological functions. A few potentially positive consequences of obesity have also been suggested, but most of these supposed benefits do not withstand close examination. The mechanical efficiency of movement is impaired, with a consequent reluctance to engage in physical activity. Agility, flexibility and balance are adversely affected, with a reduction of functional capacity both at work and in leisure activities. Deposition of fat around the airways leads to sleep apnoea, predisposing to daytime sleepiness, and heat tolerance is reduced. Body fat may protect the hip bones in the event of a fall, but on the other hand a combination of relative muscle weakness with poorer agility and balance increase the risk of falls. Thermal protection is increased in cold climates, but fat offers a less flexible form of insulation than additional clothing (or external application of a layer of fat in an ultra-long distance swimmer). Brown fat plays a role in cold acclimation, but the brown fat response seems attenuated in those who are obese. The greater buoyancy of an obese person increases flotation, but this benefit is offset by a greater drag as the body rises out of the water. Even the energy reserves of fat have little practical value unless prolonged starvation is anticipated. Conclusions. There are few mechanical or physiological advantages to allowing an excessive accumulation of body fat. Given the extensive range of chronic illnesses provoked by obesity, physiological considerations certainly do not warrant ignoring the clinical imperative to maintain an optimal body mass.
description: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada, Vol 11 No 2 (2018)
HESS J1745$-$290 spectrum explained by a transition in the diffusion regime of PeV cosmic rays in the Sgr A* accretion flow
Creators: name: Muena, Claudio
name: Riquelme, Mario
name: Reisenegger, Andreas
name: Sandoval, Astor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. The diffuse TeV gamma-ray emission detected in the inner $\sim$ 100 pc of the Galactic Center suggests the existence of a central cosmic-ray accelerator reaching $\sim$ PeV energies. It is interesting to associate this so-called PeVatron with the point source HESS J1745$-$290, whose position is consistent with that of the central supermassive black hole, Sgr A*. However, the point source shows a spectral break at a few TeV, which is not shown by the diffuse emission, challenging this association. Aims. We seek to build an emission model for the point source consistent with both emissions being produced by the same population of relativistic protons, continuously injected with a power-law spectrum up to $\sim$ PeV energies, near Sgr A*. Methods. In our model, we assume that the point source is produced by hadronic collisions between the cosmic rays and the gas in the accretion flow of Sgr A*. The cosmic-ray density is calculated taking into consideration cosmic-ray transport due to diffusion and advection, while the properties of the gas are obtained from previous numerical simulations of the accretion flow. Results. Our model succeeds in explaining both the point source and the diffuse emission with the same cosmic rays injected in the vicinity of Sgr A*, as long as the coherence length of the magnetic turbulence in the accretion flow is $l_c\sim(1-3)\times 10^{14}\,\mathrm{cm}$. The spectral break of the point source appears naturally due to an energy-dependent transition in the way the cosmic rays diffuse within the inner $\sim 0.1$ pc of the accretion flow (where most of the emission is produced) Conclusions. Our model supports the idea that Sgr A* can be a PeVatron, whose accelerated cosmic rays give rise to both the point source and the diffuse emission. Future TeV telescopes, like CTAO, will be able to test this model.
Effect of sample height and particle elongation in the sedimentation of colloidal rods
Creators: name: Eckert, Tobias
name: Schmidt, Matthias
name: Heras, Daniel de las
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study theoretically the effect of a gravitational field on the equilibrium behaviour of a colloidal suspension of rods with different length-to-width aspect ratios. The bulk phases of the system are described with analytical equations of state. The gravitational field is then incorporated via sedimentation path theory, which assumes a local equilibrium condition at each altitude of the sample. The bulk phenomenology is significantly enriched by the presence of the gravitational field. In a suspension of elongated rods with five stable phases in bulk, the gravitational field stabilizes up to fifteen different stacking sequences. The sample height has a non-trivial effect on the stable stacking sequence. New layers of distinct bulk phases appear either at the top, at the bottom, or simultaneously at the top and the bottom when increasing the sample height at constant colloidal concentration. We also study sedimentation in a mass-polydisperse suspension in which all rods have the same shape but different buoyant masses.
Efectos de la enucleación unilateral, un fotoperiodo y una intensidad luminosa en la maduración gonodal de hembras adultas de camarón café Penaeus californiensis (holmes) /
Creators: name: Flores Valdez, Marcelino
Publisher: name: Universidad Autónoma de Baja California.
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: SH380.6 F56 1992

description: Cuarenta hembras y cuarenta machos de camarón café Penaeus californiensis son inducidos a la maduración gonodal, desoves y eclosión en condiciones de laboratorio.
CryptoScratch: Developing and evaluating a block-based programming tool for teaching K-12 cryptography education using Scratch
Creators: name: Percival, Nathan
name: Rayavaram, Pranathi
name: Narain, Sashank
name: Lee, Claire Seungeun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of a new framework called CryptoScratch, which extends the Scratch programming environment with modern cryptographic algorithms (e.g., AES, RSA, SHA-256) implemented as visual blocks. Using the simple interface of CryptoScratch, K-12 students can study how to use cryptographic algorithms for services like confidentiality, authentication, and integrity protection; and then use these blocks to build complex modern cryptographic schemes (e.g., Pretty Good Privacy, Digital Signatures). In addition, we present the design and implementation of a Task Block that provides students instruction on various cryptography problems and verifies that they have successfully completed the problem. The task block also generates feedback, nudging learners to implement more secure solutions for cryptographic problems. An initial usability study was performed with 16 middle-school students where students were taught basic cryptographic concepts and then asked to complete tasks using those concepts. Once students had knowledge of a variety of basic cryptographic algorithms, they were asked to use those algorithms to implement complex cryptographic schemes such as Pretty Good Privacy and Digital Signatures. Using the successful implementation of the cryptographic and task blocks in Scratch, the initial testing indicated that $\approx 60\%$ of the students could quickly grasp and implement complex cryptography concepts using CryptoScratch, while $\approx 90\%$ showed comfort with cryptography concepts and use-cases. Based on the positive results from the initial testing, a larger study of students is being developed to investigate the effectiveness across the socioeconomic spectrum.
Decomposing Beveridge curve dynamics by correlated unobserved components
Creators: name: Klinger, Sabine
name: Weber, Enzo
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Beveridge curve, worker flows, tightness, unobserved components, Hartz reforms
subject: 330 Wirtschaft
subject: C32
subject: E24
subject: E32
subject: J2
subject: J69

description: Between 1979 and 2009, the German labour market moved along a Beveridge curve with changing slope that used to shift outwards but shifted inwards after severe labour market reforms had come into force. We analyse these dynamics and focus on the macroeconomic outcome of the reforms. For that purpose, we construct a new empirical model that links equilibrium unemployment theory to a flexible unobserved components model: we disentangle permanent and transitory components of matching efficiency and separation rate as well as unemployment and vacancies. Cointegration and identification are addressed. We find that matching efficiency and separation rate each account for about half of the inward shift. Thereby, the increase in trend matching efficiency is extraordinary and testifies to a permanent improvement on the labour market. Its visibility, however, was retarded by an overlay with a structural increase in tightness.
A Robust Ensemble Approach to Learn From Positive and Unlabeled Data Using SVM Base Models
Creators: name: Claesen, Marc
name: De Smet, Frank
name: Suykens, Johan A. K.
name: De Moor, Bart
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: G.3; I.2.6; I.5.1

description: We present a novel approach to learn binary classifiers when only positive and unlabeled instances are available (PU learning). This problem is routinely cast as a supervised task with label noise in the negative set. We use an ensemble of SVM models trained on bootstrap resamples of the training data for increased robustness against label noise. The approach can be considered in a bagging framework which provides an intuitive explanation for its mechanics in a semi-supervised setting. We compared our method to state-of-the-art approaches in simulations using multiple public benchmark data sets. The included benchmark comprises three settings with increasing label noise: (i) fully supervised, (ii) PU learning and (iii) PU learning with false positives. Our approach shows a marginal improvement over existing methods in the second setting and a significant improvement in the third.
description: 34 pages, 6 figures, 6 tables. Accepted for publication in Neurocomputing: Special Issue on Advances in Learning with Label Noise
The ethical meanings of the theory of the Universal man in Akbarian thought
Creators: name: Okba DJENANE
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Ibn Arabi, Sufism, Universal man, Divine love.

description: The most important characteristic of Akbarian Sufism is the theory of the "Perfect man;" for the greatest manifestation of the word of God is man. If previous research has dealt with the existential and epistemological dimensions of the theory of the perfect man, we are trying through this paper to deal with the value dimensions in general and to read the moral implications, in particular, of this rich spiritual concept, starting from the idea of the existence of a meaningful link between the perfection of man and his morality.