cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of robotic catheter technology in complex endovascular intervention
Creators: name: Theodoreli-Riga, C.V.
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2013

description: The past four decades have witnessed tremendous strides in the evolution of endovascular devices and techniques. Catheter-based intervention has revolutionized the management of arterial disease allowing treatment of aortic and peripheral pathologies via a minimally invasive approach. Despite the exponential advances in endovascular equipment, devices and techniques, catheter-based endovascular intervention has certain morphological and technological constraints. Complex patient anatomy, technological impediments and suboptimal fluoroscopic imaging, can make endovascular intervention challenging using traditional endovascular means. Conventional endovascular catheters lack active manoeuvrability of the tip. Manual control can hinder overall stability and control at key target areas, leading to significantly prolonged overall procedure and fluoroscopic times. Repeated instrumentation increases the risk of vessel trauma and distal embolization. More importantly, guidewire-catheter skills are not necessarily intuitive but must be developed and are highly dependent on operator skill with long training pathways as a result. Recognizing the pressing need to address some of the limitations of standard catheter technology this thesis aims to evaluate the role of advanced robotic endovascular catheters in the aortic arch and the visceral segment. Clinical use of this technology is currently limited to transvenous cardiac mapping and ablation procedures. A comprehensive pre-clinical comparison and analysis of robotic versus manual catheter techniques is presented to reveal both their advantages and limitations, with particular emphasis on the potential of robotic catheter technology to reduce the manual skill required for complex tasks, improve stability at key target areas, reduce the risk of vessel trauma, embolization and radiation exposure, whilst improving overall operator performance. The worlds first clinical report of robot-assisted aortic aneurysm repair, a “proof - of - concept” resulting from this research, is also presented, and the potential for future advanced applications in order to increase the applicability of endovascular therapy to a larger cohort of patients discussed.
Additional file 4 of Clinical characteristics and risk factors of 47 cases with ruptured neuroblastoma in children
Creators: name: Qin, Hong
name: Yang, Shen
name: Cai, Siyu
name: Ren, Qinghua
name: Han, Wei
name: Yang, Wei
name: Cheng, Haiyan
name: Ma, Xiaoli
name: Wang, Huanmin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Neuroscience
Biotechnology
Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer
Hematology
Computational Biology

description: Additional file 4: Supplementary Table 2. Comparison of clinical characteristics and prognosis between different causes of ruptured neuroblastoma groups.
Supporting information 8
Creators: name: Forthman, Michael
name: Weirauch, Christiane
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 60301 Animal Systematics and Taxonomy
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology

description: Phylogenetic logistic regression parameter estimates for the effects of log-transformed male body length on colouration (colour character 2) in 132 Ectrichodiinae species. Parameters are phylogenetic signal (alpha), intercept (beta0), and the regression coefficient (beta1), and P < 0.05 are indicated in bold. Abbreviations: Ultra0, ultrametric tree generated with penalty = 0; Ultra10, ultrametric tree generated with penalty = 10; Ultra10000, ultrametric tree generated with penalty = 10000; Par, parameter; SE, standard errors; BS, bootstrap; C, converged; NC, non-converged.
Chacterisation of desmoids in familial adenomatous polyposis
Creators: name: Sinha, Ashish
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2010

description: Desmoid tumours (DT) are rare myofibroblastic monoclonal proliferations, which are present in 10-25 per cent of patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). FAP desmoids are frequently intra-abdominal desmoids (IAD) or abdominal wall desmoids (AWD) and rarely can be extra-abdominal desmoids (EAD). DT are non-metastatic, locally invasive and display a variable clinical course. The aims of the studies in this thesis were to further characterize FAP associated desmoids and identify predictors of aggressive phenotype using clinical, radiological and cell culture model. A meta-analysis of 4,625 FAP patients with 559 (twelve per cent) DT identified a positive family history of DT (odds ratio (OR) 7.02 95%CI 4.15-11.9, p<0.0001), an APC mutation 3' to codon 1399 (OR4.37 95%CI 2.14-8.91, p<0.0001), previous abdominal surgery (OR3.35 95%CI 1.33-8.41, p=0.01) and female gender (OR1.57 95%CI 1.13-2.18, p=0.007) as risk factors for DT development. Analysis of 558 FAP patients with IAD in 49 (nine per cent) identified 3' APC mutation (hazards ratio (HR) 5.2 95%CI 2.1-13.3, p=0.001), positive family history (HR2.5 95%CI 1.4-4.6, p=0.003) and female gender (HR1.9 95%CI 1.0-3.5, p=0.04) to be predictive of IAD risk. Analysis 587 FAP patients revealed that twelve (two per cent) had a pre-operative AWD, EAD or both. The presence of pre-operative desmoids outside the abdomen predicted the development of IAD following laparotomy – relative risk (RR) 8.1 (95%CI 4.7-13.9, p<0.0001) for AWD and RR3.8 (95%CI 1.2-12.1, p=0.038) for EAD. A prospective comparative study of nine FAP patients found magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to be superior to multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) in the assessment of DT. MRI identified two lesions not seen on MDCT and gave better assessment of tumour enhancement. A cell culture model of FAP-DT cells was developed and characterised. DT cells displayed nuclear β-catenin immunopositivity confirming an upstream APC mutation. DT cells displayed cytoplasmic α-smooth muscle actin positivity confirming their myofibroblastic nature. In-vitro studies with proliferation markers Ki-67 and PCNA demonstrated that DT cells are immortal in culture. PCNA over-expression appeared to be predictive of aggressive desmoids.
Investigating initial DNA unwinding during budding yeast replication
Creators: name: Clarke, Phillippa Anne
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2011

description: DNA unwinding is a central, but poorly understood process that facilitates the establishment of bi-directional replication. Sustained DNA unwinding is carried out by the replicative helicase. Most helicases require some single-stranded or untwisted DNA in order to function, and it is this initial DNA unwinding that this study aimed to characterise. There are two possible timepoints when DNA unwinding could occur: during loading of the helicase onto DNA or during the activation of that helicase, as the replisome forms. During this project each possible timepoint for initial unwinding was investigated in chronological order in vitro and S phase was scanned for the appearance of DNA unwinding in vivo. Techniques for in vitro DNaseI, nuclease P1 and potassium permanganate footprinting using supercoiled plasmid DNA were established within the first part of this project. These were implemented to reveal that no DNA unwinding occurs during helicase loading, but on completion of loading origin DNA is distorted. The latter part of this study comprised two methods for investigating DNA unwinding during helicase activation. The first method employed an in vitro approach to reconstitute the process of helicase activation during replisome formation. Here, purified proteins were used to supplement S phase yeast extracts. These mixtures were incubated with helicase pre-loaded onto origin DNA and the resulting complexes analysed using Western blotting. A novel in vivo footprinting approach, designed to access potentially unstable unwound DNA within the yeast nucleus was also executed. A single-stranded DNA-specific nuclease was expressed within yeast to target unwound DNA. DNA was extracted throughout S phase and analysed by primer extension. This study highlighted many of the obstacles associated with characterising DNA unwinding. Nevertheless, it reports the development of in vitro and in vivo assays for DNA unwinding. In addition, several new reagents were produced that will benefit future studies.
Soziale Roboter im Schweizer Gesundheitswesen – Einsatzmöglichkeiten, Chancen und Risiken aus der Sicht von potenziellen Anwendergruppen
Creators: name: Kramer, Iris
name: Zigang, Nicole
name: Tanner, Alexandra
name: Schulze, Hartmut
name: Schubert, Maria
Publisher: name: Springer
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soziale Roboter
subject: Mensch-Roboter-Interaktion
subject: Gesundheitswesen
subject: Gesundheitspersonal
subject: 003 - Systeme

description: This article from the journal Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO) offers an in-depth analysis and discussion of the results of an inter-professional project on behalf of TA-SWISS (Foundation for Technology Assessment). The project investigated how social robots could be used in the future in Switzerland from the perspective of health professionals and elderly residents and what opportunities and risks they see in this use. The background of this question was that social robots are increasingly used in the healthcare sector while the perspectives of potential users are hardly known. Therefore, an exploratory study design was used to conduct a workshop (“Round Table Health”) with 26 participants in August 2020, which included robot scenarios, four focus group interviews and a follow-up survey. The in-depth analysis showed that the possible uses of social robots mentioned by the participants could not only be divided into two user groups (“patients” and “health professionals”) but also into two roles of the social robot (personally assigned—“personal buddy/assistant” and not personally assigned—“helpful colleague”). The opportunities and risks of social robots could be categorised into the three areas of tension, i.e. “self-determination vs. social isolation”, “relief vs. burden & dependence” and “safety vs. dangers”. In conclusion, potential users see a wide range of possible uses and opportunities for social robots in the health sector, yet it is important to consider and minimise the risks so that social robots can be successfully used in practice in the future
Recovery Capacity of Small Nonprofits in Post-2017 Hurricane Puerto Rico
Creators: name: Chandrasekhar, Divya
name: García, Ivis
name: Khajehei, Sayma
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Although planners today generally agree that nonprofits should be involved in postdisaster recovery planning, they lack insight into the capacity of nonprofits to be engaged in recovery and whether this capacity differs by organization type. This could lead to the marginalization of small nonprofits in planning, affecting social capital formation and the sustainability of recovery plans. Using data from field research and a survey of registered nonprofits in Puerto Rico after the 2017 Hurricanes Maria and Irma, we compared the recovery capacity of small versus medium/large nonprofits. Our study shows that small nonprofits experienced lower levels of operational impact than medium/large ones but also reported lower levels of postdisaster grant funding and attended fewer postdisaster networking events and workshops. Our study also shows that small nonprofits desire additional training and technical assistance to engage with broader recovery institutions. Planners can help by providing such training and promoting networking between small and larger organizations to encourage institutional learning. Community-based recovery planning benefits from engaging with small nonprofits because they typically have greater connection and interest in local matters. Our study shows that small nonprofits may not have the capacity to engage in recovery despite wanting to do so. Planners can help small nonprofits to be better engaged in recovery by helping to build their capacity through pre-event training in disaster recovery, facilitating pre- and postdisaster workshops on recovery financing, and facilitating pre- and postdisaster networking.
title: Nachweis von Gleason 6 Prostatakarzinom bei Patienten mit Verdacht auf klinisch signifikantes Prostatakarzinom in multiparametrischer Magnetresonanztomographie
Creators: name: Chaloupka, M.
name: Bischoff, R.
name: Pfitzinger, P.
name: Lellig, E.
name: Ledderose, S. T.
name: Buchner, A.
name: Schlenker, B.
name: Stief, C. G.
name: Clevert, D.-A.
name: Apfelbeck, M.
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Einleitung: Die multiparametrische Magnetresonanztomographie (mpMRT) der Prostata hat sich als wichtiger Bestandteil der Diagnostik des Prostatakarzinoms etabliert. Die mpMRT-Ultraschall-fusionierten Stanzbiopsie der Prostata steigert die Detektionsrate von klinisch signifikantem Prostatakarzinom im[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 46. Gemeinsame Tagung der Bayerischen Urologenvereinigung und der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Urologie und Andrologie
Serial Participation in Urban Planning
Creators: name: Cohen-Blankshtain, Galit
name: Gofen, Anat
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: The current focus on power relationships in planning processes emphasizes socioeconomic characteristics of the general public, whose participation is often portrayed as one-time, idiosyncratic, nonprofessional, and relatively powerless. To shift attention to the understudied repeated participation in the general public, we distinguish serial participation as a distinct participation pattern by focusing on an underexplored group, referred to as natural joiners or usual suspects. Our analysis focuses on Jerusalem and draws on interviews with serial participators (N = 13) who participated in at least three different planning processes and with city planners (N = 19). Becoming a serial participator emerged as an evolutionary process, during which knowledge gained triggered transitional learning, manifested by a broader perspective on planning and a transition toward locality-oriented participation. Serial participators’ influence varies; it can extend beyond specific planning outcomes to the process itself and the discourse among city planners. Although it does not mitigate imbalanced power relations within the public, serial participation contributes to more balanced power relations between ordinary citizens and paid participants in planning. Serial participators can provide planners with valuable historical perspective, local knowledge, and participation recommendations while serving as intermediaries to the local community capable of mobilizing others and activating civic networks. Planners can nurture serial participation by encouraging repeated involvement of individuals engaged in additional community spheres or passionate “anecdotal” participants. Seeking influence and not recognition, serial participators may not always fully cooperate. Planners should invest in long-term relationships that allow for reconciling inevitable disagreements.
Supplementary material 8
Creators: name: Forthman, Michael
name: Weirauch, Christiane
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 60301 Animal Systematics and Taxonomy
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology

description: Phylogenetic logistic regression parameter estimates for the effects of log-transformed male body length on colouration (colour character 2) in 132 Ectrichodiinae species. Parameters are phylogenetic signal (alpha), intercept (beta0), and the regression coefficient (beta1), and p-values < 0.05 are indicated in bold. Abbreviations: Ultra0, ultrametric tree generated with penalty = 0; Ultra10, ultrametric tree generated with penalty = 10; Ultra10000, ultrametric tree generated with penalty = 10000; Par, parameter; SE, standard errors; BS, bootstrap; C, converged; NC, non-converged.
Political Partisanship and Transportation Reform
Creators: name: Klein, Nicholas J.
name: Ralph, Kelcie
name: Thigpen, Calvin
name: Brown, Anne
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Support for transportation policies and investments is increasingly shaped by partisan ideals. Less well documented is the role of partisanship relative to potential mediating factors like transportation-related values, beliefs about the possibility of change, self-interest, and knowledge. We surveyed a representative sample of 600 U.S. adults about these factors, their political ideology, and their willingness to change the automobile-oriented transportation status quo. We found considerable support for change but also deep partisan divides. In exploring the pathways between partisanship and policy preferences, we found that values and beliefs about change are both deeply partisan and closely associated with policy preferences. By contrast, the results were mixed for self-interest and transportation-related knowledge. Ultimately, we found that these four pathways explain much, but not all, of the partisanship in transportation policy preferences. Very conservative respondents opposed reform efforts above and beyond what we would expect from their values, beliefs, self-interest, and knowledge, indicating continuing salience of partisanship. Our results suggest that transportation reforms enjoy broad public support in urban areas with moderate and left-leaning populaces but may struggle to win approval at the regional, state, or federal level due to partisan geographic sorting. Some planners, policymakers, and advocates may choose to embrace partisanship, but doing so may exacerbate tensions and hamper progress. Others may prefer to tackle the pathways between partisanship and preferences without deepening partisan divides. For instance, practitioners may seek to increase support for reform by tackling widespread misunderstandings about induced demand or by installing pilot projects to help the public understand that it is possible to quickly and inexpensively change infrastructure and travel.
Spatial Epidemiology and the Integrated Control of Malaria and Lymphatic Filariasis in Africa
Creators: name: Slater, Hannah Claire
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2012

description: Malaria and lymphatic filariasis (LF) cause the largest public health burden of all vector-borne diseases worldwide. Some 350-500 million clinical episodes and 1 million deaths each year are caused by malaria, of which approximately 60% and 80% respectively occur in Africa. More than 50 million people are also thought to be infected with lymphatic filariasis in 39 endemic countries in sub-Saharan Africa, with approximately 14.6 million individuals living in these endemic countries estimated to suffer from the two major filarial debilitating conditions, lymphodema or hydrocele. These two infections are co-endemic in large parts of Africa and are transmitted by the same vector, namely the Anopheles mosquito. The overall aim of the PhD was to develop a framework which could be used to evaluate the economic costs and benefits of different control strategies for reducing or eliminating the transmission of LF and malaria in Africa and, in particular, considering whether integrated control could offer a more effective approach for disease control. This problem was split into three key areas: 1) Mapping the geographic distribution of malaria and LF infection in Africa and identifying areas where the infections are co-endemic. Initially a maximum entropy modelling approach was used to identify areas at risk of LF based on environmental factors and population density. Then, a Bayesian spatial modelling approach was used to map the prevalence of malaria and LF in Africa, to estimate the number of people infected, and to identify areas of co-endemicity. 2) Developing a combined malaria-LF transmission model for humans and mosquitoes. This involved integrating a LF transmission model into a malaria transmission model. Interactions between the infections were captured using the model, specifically the increase in vector mortality as a result of LF larvae infection, and alterations in the host immune response as a result of co-infection. The model was used to investigate how the presence of one infection affected the prevalence of the other. 3) Finally, performing an economic evaluation of the economic costs and benefits of different control strategies, focusing on the potential for an integrated control approach. The economic benefits of the two primary control approaches (long lasting insecticidal nets for malaria and mass drug administration for LF) were modelled for a range of different scenarios using the co-infection model. The benefit of a control strategy was defined as the financial cost of the resulting reduction in treatment costs and work days lost due to infection and disease. The cost-benefit analysis was used to identify the optimal control strategy for different infection prevalence scenarios and the results were combined with the maps created in 1) to produce maps showing the optimal control strategy for different regions of Africa.
Behavioural determinants of parents’ vaccination decisions
Creators: name: Brown, Katrina Fiona
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2010

description: Childhood immunisation effectively protects personal and public health, but a sizeable minority of parents actively reject vaccines for their children. This Thesis explores how parents decide whether to have their children immunised, in order to inform efforts to improve immunisation uptake. A consistent profile of beliefs relating to vaccine rejection emerged across a systematic review of existing evidence, a semi-structured interview study (n=24), and two evidence-based questionnaire studies (n=900), which all focused on the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine. Vaccine-rejecting parents doubted vaccine safety and efficacy, mistrusted health professionals and immunisation policy, perceived ‘pro-vaccine’ bias in most available information, believed most vaccine-preventable diseases are mild and uncommon, and were not motivated by the potential social benefits of MMR uptake. The review also indicated several pervasive methodological flaws in the evidence – including retrospective designs, parent-reported outcomes, and lack of multifactorial models – which were remedied in the new empirical work. Three behavioural experiments (n=703) were then used to explore the influence of this belief profile on immunisation decision-making under controlled conditions. These experiments indicated that the belief profile was less influential when decision-makers mistrusted vaccine providers and policy, were generally anxious, or sought to assimilate multiple belief profile factors on the basis of limited information. They also showed that information processing limitations and biases may influence decisions independently of information content, and accordingly written risk communication method was found in the final study (n=42) to impact on outcomes even after adjusting for information content. These findings indicate that parents’ immunisation decisions are typically not borne of simple vaccine versus disease risk-benefit analyses. Interventions to increase trust in the immunisation system and to communicate the social desirability (and normality) of vaccine acceptance may improve immunisation uptake and support informed, satisfying decision-making.
Un-/Learning Archives in the Age of the Sixth Extinction
Creators: name: Allen, Jamie
name: Basu, Priyanka
name: Becerra Valdez, Tamara
name: Bolen, Jeremy
name: Browne, Simon
name: Cahill, Susan
name: Hogan, Mél
name: Rowell, Steve
Publisher: name: Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz FHNW
Year: 2022
Subjects: nature/culture
ecology
temporality

description: This workshop will deal with archives as related to overlapping sites of nature/culture, climate change, deep time and the built environment. Is the archive a viable repository of potential regenerative material for the future? Can it be an input in a positive feedback system of mutually assured destruction – an irrational fear response in the face of loss that condemns that which is not-yet-dead to the already-past?
Additional file 1 of Advocacy counterstrategies to tobacco industry interference in policymaking: a scoping review of peer-reviewed literature
Creators: name: Matthes, Britta K.
name: Kumar, Praveen
name: Dance, Sarah
name: Hird, Tom
name: Carriedo Lutzenkirchen, Angela
name: Gilmore, Anna B.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. List of articles included in the scoping review.
An Outer-Product-of-Gradient Approach to Dimension Reduction and its Application to Classification in High Dimensional Space
Creators: name: Cai, Zhibo
name: Xia, Yingcun
name: Hang, Weiqiang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Sufficient dimension reduction (SDR) has progressed steadily. However, its ability to improve general function estimation or classification has not been well received, especially for high-dimensional data. In this article, we first devise a local linear smoother for high dimensional nonparametric regression and then utilise it in the outer-product-of-gradient (OPG) approach of SDR. We call the method high-dimensional OPG (HOPG). To apply SDR to classification in high-dimensional data, we propose an ensemble classifier by aggregating results of classifiers that are built on subspaces reduced by the random projection and HOPG consecutively from the data. Asymptotic results for both HOPG and the classifier are established. Superior performance over the existing methods is demonstrated in simulations and real data analyses. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Genome comparison and primer design for detection of Tamarillo leaf malformation virus (TaLMV)
Creators: name: Villegas, Mateo Duque
name: Montoya, Mauricio Marín
name: Gutiérrez, Pablo A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Tamarillo (Solanum betaceum Bosh) is a plant from the highland tropics of great importance in the fruit agroindustry of Colombia. In recent years, there has been a dramatic decrease in the local tamarillo fruit production as a result of an emerging disease caused by the potyvirus Tamarillo leaf malformation virus (TaLMV). Symptoms of TaLMV infection include rugose mosaics, severe leaf deformation, defoliation and reduction in plant longevity. In this work, we present a second genome sequence of TaLMV obtained from a tamarillo-growing region in northern Antioquia (Colombia). This genome was compared with a previously sequenced isolate from La Union in eastern Antioquia; this information was used to design specific primers targeting the CP and CI regions of the TaLMV. These primer sets will be useful in future epidemiological studies, seed certification schemes and genetic improvement programmes using real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) and/or RT-PCR.
Additional file 2 of Advocacy counterstrategies to tobacco industry interference in policymaking: a scoping review of peer-reviewed literature
Creators: name: Matthes, Britta K.
name: Kumar, Praveen
name: Dance, Sarah
name: Hird, Tom
name: Carriedo Lutzenkirchen, Angela
name: Gilmore, Anna B.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. PDM action-based strategies and counterstrategies - References per cell for Table 3.
An_Unusual_Power_Summing_up_Humours_bloo.docx
Creators: name: Wilkin, Stanley
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 220316 Philosophy of Specific Cultures (incl. Comparative Philosophy)
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: 220210 History of Philosophy
subject: 220315 Philosophy of Religion
subject: 220205 History and Philosophy of Medicine
subject: FOS: Other medical sciences

description: How flaws in modern medical thought can perhaps be traced to Ancient Greek philosophers.
Heterochromatin effects in Friedreich's ataxia and sexual dimorphism
Creators: name: Yandim, Cihangir
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2012

description: Heterochromatin is implicated in the negative regulation of gene expression. To understand the effects of heterochromatin on RNA polymerase-II (RNAPII) mediated transcription, this study focused on the FXN gene where abnormal silencing induced by expanded (GAA)n repeats causes Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA), an incurable neurological disorder. Here, the silenced FXN locus was found to be modified by the heterochromatic histone marks H3K9me3, H3K27me3 and bound by HP1β. This pathological heterochromatinisation was partially reversed by the histone deacetlyase inhibitor nicotinamide, which upregulated FXN expression to potentially therapeutic levels in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo. In addition, RNAPII was shown to be stalled in the first exon of the FXN gene and degraded by the proteasome in FRDA but not in healthy cells. This was linked to increased proteasome binding at the -silenced FXN locus in a pattern reminiscent of the heterochromatin marks. Importantly, proteasome inhibition restored stalled RNAPII levels in FRDA and upregulated FXN to potentially therapeutic levels in vitro. Moreover, experiments with healthy human cells and wild-type mouse thymus revealed enriched levels of proteasome binding in other heterochromatic regions (e.g. pericentromeric repeats and SINEs) which were also de-repressed by proteasome inhibition; suggesting that the effect seen on the pathological FXN locus represented a specific example of a more generalised phenomenon. Overall, this introduces a novel mechanism whereby heterochromatin might be maintained in a silent state. In this thesis, heterochromatin effects were also investigated in relation to sexually dimorphic gene expression. Microarray analyses revealed hundreds of autosomal genes sensitive to sex chromosome-complement rather than gender. HP1β-repressed genes and SINE elements were over-represented within this gene group suggesting a potential link between heterochromatin, proteasome-dependent silencing and sexually dimorphic gene expression. The results reveal a novel layer in the regulation of sexually dimorphic genes with implications for understanding sex-bias in physiology and disease.
Additional file 3 of Advocacy counterstrategies to tobacco industry interference in policymaking: a scoping review of peer-reviewed literature
Creators: name: Matthes, Britta K.
name: Kumar, Praveen
name: Dance, Sarah
name: Hird, Tom
name: Carriedo Lutzenkirchen, Angela
name: Gilmore, Anna B.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping ReviewsChecklist.
Benefits of decision support systems in relation to task difficulty in airport security X-ray screening
Creators: name: Hügli, David
name: Merks, Sarah
name: Schwaninger, Adrian
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 150 - Psychologie
subject: 360 - Soziale Probleme, Sozialdienste, Versicherungen

description: Automated explosive detection systems for cabin baggage screening (EDSCB) highlight areas in X-ray images of passenger bags that could contain explosive material. Several countries have implemented EDSCB so that passengers can leave personal electronic devices in their cabin bag- gage. This increases checkpoint efficiency, but also task difficulty for screeners. We used this case to investigate whether the benefits of decision support systems depend on task difficulty. 100 pro- fessional screeners conducted a simulated baggage screening task. They had to detect prohibited articles built into personal electronic devices that were screened either separately (low task diffi- culty) or inside baggage (high task difficulty). Results showed that EDSCB increased the detection of bombs built into personal electronic devices when screened separately. When electronics were left inside the baggage, operators ignored many EDSCB alarms, and many bombs were missed. Moreover, screeners missed most unalarmed explosives because they over-relied on the EDSCB’s judgment. We recommend that when EDSCB indicates that the bag might contain an explosive, baggage should always be examined further in a secondary search using explosive trace detection, manual opening of bags and other means
The role of histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) in acquired cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer
Creators: name: Alfraidi, Albanderi Mohammed
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2011

description: Resistance to platinum is a major problem in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Molecular profiling of isogenic ovarian cancer cell line pairs derived from tumour cells pre- and post- clinical resistance, identified that histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) is over-expressed in cisplatin-resistant cells relative to sensitive derivatives. HDAC4 siRNA and HDACi treatment resensitised resistant cells to cisplatin. Furthermore, up-regulation of HDAC4 in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cell lines and tumour sections identified HDAC4 as a potential biomarker of cisplatinresistance. It was observed that HDAC4 interacts with another mediator of platinum resistance, the transcription factor STAT1, and that knockdown of HDAC4 increased acetylation levels of STAT1 protein in platinum resistant cells. Consequent decrease in cisplatin mediated phosphorylation of STAT1 and nuclear translocation of STAT1 were observed. However, STAT1 was found to be acetylated and inactive in platinum sensitive cells, expressing lower levels of HDAC4. Microarray analysis of the platinum resistant cells has identified differentially regulated genes following HDAC4 knockdown. The UCHL1 promoter is methylated in both cisplatin sensitive and resistant paired cells and yet is reexpressed in resistant cells following HDAC4 knockdown. The methylation levels at the UCHL1 promoter were analysed by pyrosequencing method and do not appear to significantly change the methylation level after HDAC4 knockdown. However, ChIP analysis revealed an increase in acetylation at the UCHL1 promoter after HDAC4 knockdown. Conversely, P21 is down-regulated by HDAC4 knockdown in resistant PEO4 cells in contrast to reports of P21 overexpression as a biomarker of HDAC inhibition. Strikingly however, it is upregulated after HDAC4 knockdown in cisplatin-sensitive paired PEO1 cells suggesting that, like STAT1, a fundamental change in its control occurs on acquisition of platinum resistance. This study provides evidence that HDAC4 is required for platinum mediated STAT1 activation; a phenomenon associated with clinical platinum resistance, and identifies frequent HDAC4 over-expression in platinum resistant tumour biopsies. Pharmacological modulation of this pathway is shown to restore sensitivity to cisplatin. Microarray analysis revealed HDAC4 regulated target genes. These studies identify new and clinically relevant insights into platinum resistance which may lead to improved therapeutic options in ovarian cancer.
Energetische Flexibilität durch Nutzung der thermischen Gebäudemasse
Creators: name: Hall, Monika
name: Hoffmann, Caroline
name: Geissler, Achim
Publisher: name: Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz FHNW
Year: 2018
Subjects: Eigenverbrauch
thermische Speichermasse
energetische Flexibilität
Gebäudemasse
Wärmepumpenlaufzeit

description: Aufgrund der Preisentwicklung von Strom wird es immer attraktiver, den Stromertrag der lokalen Photovoltaikanlage direkt vor Ort zu nutzen. Hierzu eignen sich grosse Strombezüger, die während der Tagesstunden Strom beziehen können, wie z.B. Wärmepumpen. Ziel ist es, die Laufzeit der Wärmepumpe auf den Tag zu beschränken. Je geringer die notwendige Laufzeit ist, desto grösser wird die Flexibilität hinsichtlich der Wahl der Laufzeitfenster. Es werden ein Mehrfamilienhaus (Fussbodenheizung) und ein Bürogebäude (Betonkernaktivierung in der Decke) untersucht. Beide untersuchten Gebäudetypen zeigen, dass die thermische Gebäudemasse ein wichtiger Bestandteil im Rahmen der energetischen Flexibilität ist. Es lässt sich aus den durchgeführten Untersuchungen ableiten, dass diese Flexibilität im Wohnbereich besser als im Bürobau zu nutzen ist, da im Bürobau die internen Lasten eine sehr grosse Rolle spielen. Im Winter wirken sich hohe interne Lasten positiv auf die Flexibilität aus, es sind kürzere Laufzeiten der Wärmepumpe (Heizmodus) möglich. Im Sommer verlängern hohe interne Lasten die Laufzeiten der Wärmepumpe (Kühlmodus), da mehr bzw. länger gekühlt werden muss.
Estimated reductions in hospitalizations and deaths from childhood diarrhea following implementation of rotavirus vaccination in Africa
Creators: name: Minesh P. Shah
name: Tate, Jacqueline E.
name: Mwenda, Jason M.
name: A. Duncan Steele
name: Parashar, Umesh D.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Introduction: Rotavirus is the leading cause of hospitalizations and deaths from diarrhea. 33 African countries had introduced rotavirus vaccines by 2016. We estimate reductions in rotavirus hospitalizations and deaths for countries using rotavirus vaccination in national immunization programs and the potential of vaccine introduction across the continent. Areas covered: Regional rotavirus burden data were reviewed to calculate hospitalization rates, and applied to under-5 population to estimate baseline hospitalizations. Rotavirus mortality was based on 2013 WHO estimates. Regional pre-licensure vaccine efficacy and post-introduction vaccine effectiveness studies were used to estimate summary effectiveness, and vaccine coverage was applied to calculate prevented hospitalizations and deaths. Uncertainties around input parameters were propagated using boot-strapping simulations. In 29 African countries that introduced rotavirus vaccination prior to end 2014, 134,714 (IQR 112,321–154,654) hospitalizations and 20,986 (IQR 18,924–22,822) deaths were prevented in 2016. If all African countries had introduced rotavirus vaccines at benchmark immunization coverage, 273,619 (47%) (IQR 227,260–318,102) hospitalizations and 47,741 (39%) (IQR 42,822–52,462) deaths would have been prevented. Expert commentary: Rotavirus vaccination has substantially reduced hospitalizations and deaths in Africa; further reductions are anticipated as additional countries implement vaccination. These estimates bolster wider introduction and continued support of rotavirus vaccination programs.
Neurophysiological, psychological and immunological evaluation of Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Creators: name: Bullas, Dominic
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2012

description: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common gastroenterological disorder characterised by recurrent abdominal pain and a change in bowel habit. Diagnosis is made with reference to clinical symptomatology and the exclusion of other competing disorders. As such there is no reliable biomarker in the clinical field to prove or disprove the diagnosis. This has obvious implications for the treatment of the syndrome. Recent research has targeted the immunology of IBS to see if changes in cytokine expression support the concept of a chronic low-level inflammatory state. IBS has a strong association with psychological comorbidity. Visceral hypersensitivity is also a hallmark of the disease. This study was constructed to compare the psychological profiles of patients with IBS against a control group; to use cortical evoked potentials to observe the cortical representation of an electrical rectal stimulus to see if changes in amplitude or latency might be suggestive of enhanced afferent nerve transmission; and to use cytokine analysis of stimulated and un-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells to study the inflammatory response.
title: Mail à Christian Perronne, Joseph Saba, transféré à Renaud Persiaux et Gilles Pialoux
Creators: name: Leibowitch, Jacques
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020

description: Source: http://www.calames.abes.fr/pub/ms/Calames-2019311113191715
How large is Aroostook County? Exploring the historical mutability of US county area measurements
Creators: name: Armstrong, Marc P.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Area measurements play a prominent role in many types of geographical and historical analyses. The accuracy and precision of such measurements, however, are dependent on a host of input factors, including the type of instrumentation used as well as the scale and projection of the source map and its level of cartographic generalization. As a consequence of variability in these inputs, published area measures change over time. This paper reviews the record of land area measurements for counties published by the US Census Bureau between 1880 and 2000, documents the major changes in measurement instrumentation and procedures employed, and analyzes patterns of the greatest variability in reported values. Two states are used as case studies (Iowa and Maine). The results suggest that the greatest variability occurs in those areas with irregular borders, thus reflecting the interaction of the source maps with human measurement error and the encoding capabilities of the area measurement instruments. The observations also indicate that variability in area measurements for counties has decreased over time.
title: Inzidentielles Prostatakarzinom bei LUTS Patienten – ein Vergleich von Holmium Laser Enukleation der Prostata (HoLEP) vs. Transurethraler Resektion der Prostata (TURP)
Creators: name: Magistro, G.
name: Stief, C. G.
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Einleitung: Die HoLEP ist als sicheres, effizientes und nachhaltiges OP-Verfahren zur Therapie des BPS etabliert. Die Genauigkeit etablierter Screening Tools wie PSA, PSA velocity, and PSA density zur Vorhersage eines Prostatakarzinoms (PC) bei LUTS Patienten mit deutlich vergrößerter Prostata[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 46. Gemeinsame Tagung der Bayerischen Urologenvereinigung und der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Urologie und Andrologie
Evaluation of the NHS Health Check Programme; Local and National Findings from the Early Stages of the Programme
Creators: name: Dalton, Andrew Robert Howard
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2011

description: Background: The NHS Health Check programme is one of the boldest commitments to primary prevention in cardiovascular disease (CVD) internationally. It offers risk assessment and management to the entire 40 to 74 year old population, without existing vascular disease. I aim to assess its early impact in general practice, and examine workload implications. Methods: Modelling the population at high risk of CVD in England; comparing CVD risk prediction using two risk scores, and two methods of data imputation for missing risk factor data; the assessment of CVD risk factor recording before the programme and Health Check uptake, using patient-level medical record data from general practice in Ealing, London. Results: Prior to the programme, in Ealing, there was good recording of blood pressure (85.6%) and smoking status (95.8%) in a general population; cholesterol recording was lower (55.6%). Uptake of the Health Check was lower than national estimates at 45% compared with 75% projections, and there were small increases in statin prescribing, reaching 45 percent of the eligible population. Health Check uptake were greater in south Asian patients (adjusted odds ratio=1.80 (1.37-2.36). The JBS2 CVD risk score generated overall higher estimates of risk than QRISK2 (mean of 13% compared with 11%); this was significantly greater in south Asian men, the group exposed to the JBS2 risk multiplication factor. Modelling, using QRISK2, predicts 2 million patients at high risk in England, with screening and management costing £176 million. Cost using the JBS2 risk score are estimated to be over two times higher JBS2 Conclusions: Poor uptake of the NHS Health Check and interventions will severely limit the population-wide impact of the programme, Given this, and other limitations, I suggest a targeted approach to screening may be an appropriate alternative, and demonstrate from previous literature the complimentary use of population-wide prevention is likely to significantly improve CVD prevention.