Schizomyia Kieffer. Macho 1889
Creators: name: Urso-Guimarães, Maria V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Cecidomyiidae
Schizomyia

description: <b>Key to species of <i>Schizomyia</i> in Neotropical region.</b> Although adult characters are important for identification of genera in Asphondyliini, immature characters are essential for distinguishing species, once adult characters are very similar at the species level. For his reason, from the ten Neotropical species of <i>Schizomyia</i>, two are not included in this key because the larval instar is unknown, and the adult characters are indistinguishable: <i>S. ipomoeae</i> obtained from flower bud galls of <i>Ipomoea</i> sp. (Convolvulaceae) distributed in Guadeloupe FWI and St. Vincent, and <i>S. stachytarphetae</i>, obtained from seeds of <i>Stachytarpheta cayennensis</i> and <i>S. jamaicensis</i> (Verbenaceae) in Guadeloupe FWI and Trinidad. GAGNÉ &amp; MENJIVAR (2008) divided the Western Hemisphere species of <i>Schizomyia</i> in two groups, the first with hook-like tarsal claws and empodia nearly as long as the claws, including the Neotropical species <i>S. ipomoeae</i>, <i>S. macropillata</i>, <i>S. santosi</i>, <i>S. serjaniae</i>, <i>S. stachytarphetae</i>, and <i>S. tuiuiu</i>, and the second with falcate tarsal claws and empodia no more than one-third of the claws length, which includes the Neotropical species <i>S. loroco</i>, <i>S. manihoti</i>, <i>S. spherica</i>, and <i>S. maricaensis</i>. Other character shared by the first group of Neotropical species of <i>Schizomyia</i> are the light and dark-banded flagellomeres in <i>Schizomyia loroco</i>, <i>S. impatientis</i>, and <i>S. rivinae</i>, also present in <i>S. macropillata</i>, <i>S. santosi</i>, <i>S. stachytarphetae</i>, and <i>S. tuiuiu.</i> Other important character to separate species of the genus is the variation in the terminal papillae of the larval terminal segment, ranging from four setose pairs to a single corniform pair (KOLESIK &amp; BUTTERILL, 2015). To the Neotropical species with known larvae, the ranging vary from four pairs of small setiform papillae in <i>S. spherical</i>; three corniform and one setiform very long in <i>S. tuiuiu</i> and <i>S. manihot</i>; and one corniform and three setiform in <i>S. macropillata</i>, <i>S. santosi</i>, <i>S. serjaniae</i> and <i>S. loroco</i>. The variation in the larval and some of the adult characters in Neotropical species of <i>Schizomyia</i> allows the construction of a key for these species. 1. Tarsal claws falcate and empodia no more than one-third of the claws length.................................................................… 2 - Tarsal claws hook-like and empodia nearly as long as the claws..…….......................................................…….……… 4 2. Frontoclypeus and anepimeron with more than 40 setae; male tergite 8 not sclerotized; gonocoxites constricted near midlength; gonostylus round with a row of strong spines partially fused at base covering all apex of gonostylus; abdominal segments of pupa with numerous transverse rows of dorsal spines at discal region; induce rosette bud galls in <i>Tetrapterys phlomoides</i> (Spreng.) Nied. (Malpighiaceae) (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro, Restinga de Barra de Maricá; São Paulo: Ribeirão Preto) …........... <i>S. maricaensis</i> Sousa &amp; Maia - Frontoclypeus and anepimeron with less than 40 setae; gonocoxites not constricted near midlength; gonostylus rectangular with a projection in ventral portion of apex and a dorso-apical row of strong spines partially fused at base in apex; abdominal segments of pupa with few dorsal spines (not in rows) only in the discal region; induce galls in other host plants …………………….....……………..……………….. 3 3. Terminal papillae: three setiform and one corniform; light and dark-banded flagellomeres; male cerci round and divided in base; male hypoproct deeply bilobed; larva in deformed flower buds of <i>Fernaldia pandurata</i> (A. DC.) Woodson (Apocynaceae) (El Salvador: Nueva Concepcion, Chalatenango; Guatemala to Costa Rica) ………................................................................……….………… <i>S. loroco</i> Gagné - Terminal papillae: one setiform and three corniform; flagellomeres not light and dark-banded; male cerci round and fused in base; male hypoproct shallowly bilobed; larva in globular, rugose leaf galls in <i>Manihot utilissima</i> (Euphorbiaceae) (Brazil: Ceará; Colombia) …………...................................................……………..…. <i>S. manihoti</i> Tavares 4. Larva with four pairs of terminal papillae, three setiform and one corniform …..........................................................…5 - Larva with four pairs of terminal papillae in other combination ……………............................................…….. 7 5. Ovipositor smaller than abdomen, at most 4.5 times longer than 7 th sternite; larva in closed, swollen, and deformed galls in flowers of <i>Serjania goniocarpa</i> (Sapindaceae) (El Salvador: San Salvador) ……...………... <i>S. serjaniae</i> (Möhn) - Ovipositor longer than abdomen, at least 5.5 times longer than 7 th sternite; larva in other host plants.............................. 6 6. Female without cercilike lobes; male hypoproct deeply bilobed; larva in flower buds of <i>Jacquemontia holosericea</i> (Weinman) O’Donnel (Convolvulaceae) (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro, Restinga de Barra de Maricá) …..……...............................................................…………. <i>S. santosi</i> Maia &amp; Araújo - Female with cercilike lobes; male hypoproct shallowly bilobed; larva in hairy leaf galls in <i>Bauhinia brevipes</i> (Fabaceae) (Brazil: Minas Gerais, Três Marias) …………………....…………………… <i>S. macropillata</i> Maia 7. Larval terminal papillae: four short setiform papillae; mediodorsal of lobe on the posterior margin of the larval eighth abdominal segment absent; larva in spherical galls in lateral and apical bud galls in <i>Sebastiania glandulosa</i> (Mart.) Pax. (Euphorbiaceae) (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro, Restinga de Barra de Maricá) ……….......….. <i>S. spherica</i> Maia &amp; Oliveira - Larval terminal papillae: one setiform and three corniform; mediodorsal lobe on the posterior margin of the larval eighth abdominal segment present; larva in hairy leaf galls in <i>Bauhinia holophylla</i> (Bong.) Steud. (Fabaceae) (Brazil: Mato Grosso: Cuiabá; São Paulo: Ribeirão Preto) …......................................………… <i>S. tuiuiu</i> Urso-Guimarães &amp; Amorim
description: Published as part of <i>Urso-Guimarães, Maria V., 2019, Description of the male and larva of Schizomyia tuiuiu Urso- Guimarães &amp; Amorim (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae), new records and a key to Neotropical species of Schizomyia Kieffer, pp. 1-6 in Iheringia, Sér. Zool. 109</i> on pages 5-6, DOI: 10.1590/1678-4766e2019017, http://zenodo.org/record/3558255
description: {"references": ["GAGNE, R. J. &amp; MENJIVAR, R. 2008. A new species of Schizomyia (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a pest of Fernaldia pandurata (Apocynaceae) in Central America. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 110: 384 - 291.", "KOLESIK, P. &amp; BUTTERILL, P. T. 2015. New gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from Papua New Guinea. Austral Entomology 54: 79 - 86.", "URSO-GUIMARAES, M. V. &amp; AMORIM, D. S. 2002. New Brazilian species of Asphondyliini (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 46: 561 - 570."]}