cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Political Economy of the U.S. Cattle and Beef Industry: Innovation Adoption and Implications for the Future
Creators: name: Bailey, DeeVon
name: Bailey, DeeVon
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: competition in world beef markets
subject: market innovation
subject: U.S. beef industry

description: Market innovation and investment are key elements contributing to the health and success of any industry. However, U.S. cattle and beef interests appear to be resisting some of the market innovations that are occurring in their industry. This includes resisting innovations designed to provide more information and transparency in the marketing chain, such as additional traceability provided by animal identification systems. This paper discusses how institutions supporting the U.S. cattle and beef industry may be failing the industry in terms of helping it adjust to new market conditions, including failing to help the industry foster market innovation. Recommendations are given relating to the first steps of government and the land-grant system can take to change research and extension agendas relating to the beef industry.
Topological aspects of periodically driven non-Hermitian Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model
Creators: name: Vyas, Vivek M.
name: Roy, Dibyendu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A non-Hermitian generalization of the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model driven by a periodic external potential is investigated, and its topological features are explored. We find that the bi-orthonormal geometric phase acts as a topological index, well capturing the presence/absence of the zero modes. The model is observed to display trivial and non-trivial insulator phases and a topologically non-trivial M${ö}$bius metallic phase. The driving field amplitude is shown to be a control parameter causing topological phase transitions in this model. While the system displays zero modes in the metallic phase apart from the non-trivial insulator phase, the metallic zero modes are not robust, as the ones found in the insulating phase. We further find that zero modes' energy converges slowly to zero as a function of the number of dimers in the M${ö}$bius metallic phase compared to the non-trivial insulating phase.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures
Self-rated health status, self-efficacy, motivation, and selected demographics as determinants of health-promoting lifestyle behavior in men 35 to 64 years old : a nursing investigation
Creators: name: Fehir, John Stephen
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 1988
Subjects: subject: Men
subject: Health and hygiene
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Health behavior
subject: Health attitudes
subject: Health promotion
subject: Men--Health and hygiene
subject: Men--Psychology
subject: Health behavior
subject: Health attitudes
subject: Health promotion

description: Men’s lifestyle habits are a national major public health problem, cause increased morbidity and mortality rates, and cost billions of dollars annually. Knowledge of a healthy lifestyle’s determinants and their relationships could be used to design and test effective intervention strategies that could change lifestyle behavior and enhance men’s health. Health promotion is a major nursing concern but few studies have been conducted to validate theoretical health-promoting determinants in working men. This study's purpose was to determine the extent to which perceived health status, self-efficacy, motivation, and selected demographic variables were related to health-promoting behavior (H-PB) in men. N.J. Pender’s (1987b) Health Promotion Model (HPM), which was expanded to include intrinsic motivation from Cox’s (1982) Interaction Model of Client Health Behavior, was used as the major framework. This cross-sectional, descriptive, correlational study was conducted on 167 mostly married, White men (education M = 15.9 years, SD = 2.4) (household annual income M = $70,204., SD = $41,593.). Data were collected on self-administered questionnaires which contained the self-rated health subindex of the Multilevel Assessment Instrument, the Self-Efficacy Scale, the Health Self- Determinism Index, demographic information, and the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP). Analyses included frequencies, correlations, stepwise multiple regression, and canonical correlation. H-PB variance (42.2%) was predicted by perceived health status, self-efficacy, motivation, and marriage, all of which cross-loaded on three significant canonical variates explaining variance (45.4%) in the HPLP subscores that had a cumulative redundancy index of 29.4%. The results partially supported previous research and the relationships posited in the HPM. Socioeconomic status demographic variables were not directly related to the HPM’s cognitive-perceptual variables. Marriage and motivation were major H-PB explanators and predictors. Results demonstrated that men with moderate to high perceived health status, self-efficacy, and motivation acknowledged spousal input concerning health, partially relied on their spouses for health responsibility, and practiced H-PB more than men with different characteristics. Future research should include qualitatively studying marriage’s effects on men’s motivation to practice H-PB, men’s approach to H-PB, and further HPLP testing and revision for a more culturally and socioeconomically relevant instrument
Impacts of an Agricultural Development Program for Poor Coconut Producers in the Philippines: An Approach Using Panel Data and Propensity Score Matching Techniques
Creators: name: Rodriguez, Divina Gracia P.
name: Rejesus, Roderick M.
name: Aragon, Corazono T.
name: Rodriguez, Divina Gracia P.
name: Rejesus, Roderick M.
name: Aragon, Corazono T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: International Development
subject: coconut farmers
subject: panel data econometric techniques
subject: poverty alleviation program
subject: propensity score matching (PSM)

description: Using panel data econometric techniques and propensity score matching procedures, this study evaluates the impact of the MAUNLAD agricultural development program - a program designed to help alleviate poverty in Philippine coconut-producing communities. Our results indicate that the program had a significant positive mean effect on the recipients' total net farm income. Moreover, the probability of being in poverty is shown to decrease when a poor coconut producer participates in the program. The program's emphasis on training, intercropping, and livestock integration, as well as the more participatory approach taken, contributed to the strong positive impact of the program.
Machine learning based automated identification of thunderstorms from anemometric records using shapelet transform
Creators: name: Arul, Monica
name: Kareem, Ahsan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Detection of thunderstorms is important to the wind hazard community to better understand extreme winds field characteristics and associated wind induced load effects on structures. This paper contributes to this effort by proposing a new course of research that uses machine learning techniques, independent of wind statistics based parameters, to autonomously identify and separate thunderstorms from large databases containing high frequency sampled continuous wind speed measurements. In this context, the use of Shapelet transform is proposed to identify key individual attributes distinctive to extreme wind events based on similarity of shape of their time series. This novel shape based representation when combined with machine learning algorithms yields a practical event detection procedure with minimal domain expertise. In this paper, the shapelet transform along with Random Forest classifier is employed for the identification of thunderstorms from 1 year of data from 14 ultrasonic anemometers that are a part of an extensive in situ wind monitoring network in the Northern Mediterranean ports. A collective total of 235 non-stationary records associated with thunderstorms were identified using this method. The results lead to enhancing the pool of thunderstorm data for more comprehensive understanding of a wide variety of thunderstorms that have not been previously detected using conventional gust factor-based methods.
A Source-Differentiated Analysis of U.S. Meat Demand
Creators: name: Mutondo, Joao E.
name: Henneberry, Shida Rastegari
name: Mutondo, Joao E.
name: Henneberry, Shida Rastegari
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: BSE
subject: Rotterdam
subject: seasonalitiy
subject: source-differentiation
subject: U.S. meat demand

description: The Rotterdam model is used to estimate U.S. source-differentiated meat demand. Price and expenditure elasticities indicate that U.S. grain-fed beef and U.S. pork have a competitive advantage in the U.S. beef and pork markets, respectively. Expenditure elasticities reveal that beef from Canada has the most to gain from an expansion in U.S. meat expenditures, followed by ROW pork, U.S. grain-fed beef, and U.S. poultry. BSE outbreaks in Canada and the United States are shown to have small impacts on meat demand, while seasonality is found to have a significant effect in determining U.S. meat consumption patterns.
Reverse Faber-Krahn inequalities for Zaremba problems
Creators: name: Anoop, T. V.
name: Ghosh, Mrityunjoy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35P15, 35P30, 49R05, 49Q10

description: Let $Ω$ be a multiply-connected domain in $\mathbb{R}^n$ ($n\geq 2$) of the form $Ω=Ω_{\text{out}}\setminus \bar{Ω_{\text{in}}}.$ Set $Ω_D$ to be either $Ω_{\text{out}}$ or $Ω_{\text{in}}$. For $p\in (1,\infty),$ and $q\in [1,p],$ let $τ_{1,q}(Ω)$ be the first eigenvalue of
 \begin{equation*} -Δ_p u =τ\left(\int_Ω|u|^q \text{d}x \right)^{\frac{p-q}{q}} |u|^{q-2}u\;\text{in} \;Ω,\; u =0\;\text{on}\;\partialΩ_D, \frac{\partial u}{\partial η}=0\;\text{on}\; \partial Ω\setminus \partial Ω_D. \end{equation*}
 Under the assumption that $Ω_D$ is convex, we establish the following reverse Faber-Krahn inequality $$τ_{1,q}(Ω)\leq τ_{1,q}(Ω^\bigstar),$$ where $Ω^\bigstar=B_R\setminus \bar{B_r}$ is a concentric annular region in $\mathbb{R}^n$ having the same Lebesgue measure as $Ω$ and such that (i) (when $Ω_D=Ω_{\text{out}}$) $W_1(Ω_D)= ω_n R^{n-1}$, and $(Ω^\bigstar)_D=B_R$, (ii) (when $Ω_D=Ω_{\text{in}}$) $W_{n-1}(Ω_D)=ω_nr$, and $(Ω^\bigstar)_D=B_r$.
 Here $W_{i}(Ω_D)$ is the $i^{\text{th}}$ $quermassintegral$ of $Ω_D.$ We also establish Sz. Nagy's type inequalities for parallel sets of a convex domain in $\mathbb{R}^n$ ($n\geq 3$) for our proof.
description: 17 pages; V2; Minor changes are made in the statements and proofs of equality case
Maximal $U(1)_Y$-violating $n$-point correlators in $\mathcal{N}=4$ super-Yang-Mills theory
Creators: name: Green, Michael B.
name: Wen, Congkao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper concerns a special class of $n$-point correlation functions of operators in the stress tensor supermultiplet of $\mathcal{N}=4$ supersymmetric $SU(N)$ Yang-Mills theory. These are "maximal $U(1)_Y$-violating" correlators that violate the bonus $U(1)_Y$ charge by a maximum of $2(n-4)$ units. We will demonstrate that such correlators satisfy $SL(2,\mathbb{Z})$-covariant recursion relations that relate $n$-point correlators to $(n-1)$-point correlators in a manner analogous to the soft dilaton relations that relate the corresponding amplitudes in flat-space type IIB superstring theory. These recursion relations are used to determine terms in the large-$N$ expansion of $n$-point maximal $U(1)_Y$-violating correlators in the chiral sector, including correlators with four superconformal stress tensor primaries and $(n-4)$ chiral Lagrangian operators, starting from known properties of the $n=4$ case. We concentrate on the first three orders in $1/N$ beyond the supergravity limit. The Mellin representations of the correlators are polynomials in Mellin variables, which correspond to higher derivative contact terms in the low-energy expansion of type IIB superstring theory in $AdS_5 \times S^5$ at the same orders as $R^4, d^4R^4$ and $d^6R^4$. The coupling constant dependence of these terms is found to be described by non-holomorphic modular forms with holomorphic and anti-holomorphic weights $(n-4,4-n)$ that are $SL(2, \mathbb{Z})$-covariant derivatives of Eisenstein series and certain generalisations. This determines a number of non-leading contributions to $U(1)_Y$-violating $n$-particle interactions ($n>4$) in the low-energy expansion of type IIB superstring amplitudes in $AdS_5\times S^5$.
description: 67 pages; v2: 68 pages, minor corrections, references added, matches JHEP version
A Genetically Engineered Crop's Impact on Pesticide Use: A Revealed-Preference Index Approach
Creators: name: Sydorovych, Olha
name: Marra, Michele C.
name: Sydorovych, Olha
name: Marra, Michele C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: environmental impact
subject: genetically engineered crops
subject: pesticide risk index
subject: revealed preference information
subject: Roundup Ready soybeans

description: A revealed-preference-based method is proposed for assessment of the environmental and human health impact of genetically engineered (GE) crops. This method employs the relative pesticide toxicity information from farmers' pesticide choices combined with volume of pesticides as an alternative to previous methods which are based on volume only, on number of pesticide applications, or on stated preferences. The method is applied to estimate the changes in the impact of herbicides after environmental and health perspective. The results indicate that, on average, a reduction in herbicide human heath and environmental impacts occurs when farmers adopt RR soybean varieties.
Excited states in nucleon structure calculations
Creators: name: Ottnad, Konstantin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Excited state contributions represent a formidable challenge for hadron structure calculations in lattice QCD. For physical systems that exhibit an exponential signal-to-noise problem they often hinder the extraction of ground state matrix elements, introducing a major source of systematic error in lattice calculations of such quantities. The development of methods to treat the contribution of excited states and the current status of related lattice studies are reviewed with focus on nucleon structure calculations that are notoriously affected by excited state contamination.
description: Invited review article for the EPJA special issue "Lattice Field Theory during the COVID-19 pandemic" in replacement of a plenary talk at the 38th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 2020). Matching version accepted for publication in EPJA. (27 pages, 26 figures)
Reverse Faber-Krahn inequality for the $p$-Laplacian in Hyperbolic space
Creators: name: Ghosh, Mrityunjoy
name: Verma, Sheela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 58C40, 35P15, 35P30, 49R05

description: In this paper, we study the shape optimization problem for the first eigenvalue of the $p$-Laplace operator with the mixed Neumann-Dirichlet boundary conditions on multiply-connected domains in hyperbolic space. Precisely, we establish that among all multiply-connected domains of a given volume and prescribed $(n-1)$-th quermassintegral of the convex Dirichlet boundary (inner boundary), the concentric annular region produces the largest first eigenvalue. We also derive Nagy's type inequality for outer parallel sets of a convex domain in the hyperbolic space.
Supersymmetries in non-equilibrium Langevin dynamics
Creators: name: Marguet, Bastien
name: Agoritsas, Elisabeth
name: Canet, Léonie
name: Lecomte, Vivien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stochastic phenomena are often described by Langevin equations, which serve as a mesoscopic model for microscopic dynamics. It is known since the work of Parisi and Sourlas that reversible (or equilibrium) dynamics present supersymmetries (SUSYs). These are revealed when the path-integral action is written as a function not only of the physical fields, but also of Grassmann fields representing a Jacobian arising from the noise distribution. SUSYs leave the action invariant upon a transformation of the fields that mixes the physical and the Grassmann ones. We show that, contrarily to the common belief, it is possible to extend the known reversible construction to the case of arbitrary irreversible dynamics, for overdamped Langevin equations with additive white noise - provided their steady state is known. The construction is based on the fact that the Grassmann representation of the functional determinant is not unique, and can be chosen so as to present a generalization of the Parisi-Sourlas SUSY. Our approach is valid both for Martin-Siggia-Rose-Janssen-de Dominicis and for Onsager-Machlup actions. We show how such SUSYs are related to time-reversal symmetries and allow one to derive modified fluctuation-dissipation relations valid in non-equilibrium. We give as a concrete example the results for the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation.
Hedges and Trees: Incorporating Fire Risk into Optimal Decisions in Forestry Using a No-Arbitrage Approach
Creators: name: Insley, Margaret
name: Lei, Manle
name: Insley, Margaret
name: Lei, Manle
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: fire risk
subject: forest value
subject: hedging
subject: jumps
subject: no-arbitrage
subject: optimal harvesting
subject: Poisson process
subject: real options

description: This paper investigates the impact of including the risk of fire in an optimal tree harvesting model at the stand level, assuming timber prices follow a mean-reverting stochastic process. The relevant partial differential equation is derived under different assumptions about hedging the risk of fire. The assumption that fire risk is fully diversifiable is contrasted with the assumption that it can be hedged with another asset. It is conjectured that the risk-neutral probability of fire exceeds the historical probability of fire, which will affect forest land valuation. An empirical example is presented for two different silvicultural regimes.
New Strong Gravitational Lenses from the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys Data Release 9
Creators: name: Storfer, C.
name: Huang, X.
name: Gu, A.
name: Sheu, W.
name: Banka, S.
name: Dey, A.
name: Reyes, J. Inchausti
name: Jain, A.
name: Kwon, J.
name: Lang, D.
name: Lee, V.
name: Meisner, A.
name: Moustakas, J.
name: Myers, A. D.
name: Tabares-Tarquinio, S.
name: Schlafly, E. F.
name: Schlegel, D. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have conducted a search for strong gravitational lensing systems in the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Legacy Imaging Surveys Data Release 9. This is the third paper in a series. These surveys together cover $\sim$19,000 deg$^2$ visible from the Northern Hemisphere, reaching a z-band AB magnitude of $\sim$22.5. We use a deep residual neural network, trained on a compilation of known lensing systems and high-grade candidates as well as nonlenses in the same footprint. After applying our trained neural network to the survey data, we visually inspect and rank images with probabilities above a threshold which has been chosen to balance precision and recall. We have found 1895 lens candidates, of which 1512 are identified for the first time. Combining the discoveries from this work with those from Papers I (335) and II (1210), we have discovered a total of 3057 new candidates in the Legacy Surveys.
description: Updated final version of manuscript published by the Astronomical Journal, 11 pages, 10 figures, 4 tables. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2005.04730
Finite bounded expanding white hole universe without dark matter
Creators: name: Hartnett, John G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The solution of Einstein's field equations in Cosmological General Relativity (CGR), where the Galaxy is at the center of a finite yet bounded spherically symmetrical isotropic gravitational field, is identical with the unbounded solution. This leads to the conclusion that the Universe may be viewed as a finite expanding white hole. The fact that CGR has been successful in describing the distance modulus verses redshift data of the high-redshift type Ia supernovae means that the data cannot distinguish between unbounded models and those with finite bounded radii of at least $c τ$. Also it is shown that the Universe is spatially flat at the current epoch and has been at all past epochs where it was matter dominated.
description: 11 pages, revised version
Profiles of Participants in the National School Lunch Program: Data From Two National Surveys
Creators: name: Newman, Constance
name: Ralston, Katherine L.
name: Newman, Constance
name: Ralston, Katherine L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: NSLP
subject: participant characteristics
subject: SIPP
subject: NHANES

description: The National School Lunch Program (NSLP) serves more than 29 million children each day, but there is little information on the characteristics of those children. This study reports new estimates of NSLP participant characteristics using two national surveys: the 2001 Panel of the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) and the 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Study results also show that these two surveys are suitable sources of data on NSLP participants since they are consistent with more aggregated administrative data of the Food and Nutrition Service. The surveys supplement periodic characteristics data available from the School Nutrition and Dietary Assessment (SNDA) surveys.
Differential calculus for generalized geometry and geometric Lax flows
Creators: name: Hu, Shengda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Employing a class of generalized connections, we describe certain differential complices $\left(\tilde Ω^*_{\mathbb{T}}(M), \tilde{\mathbb{d}}^{\mathbb{T}}\right)$ constructed from $\wedge^* \mathbb{T} M$ and study some of their basic properties, where $\mathbb{T} M = T M \oplus T^*M$ is the generalized tangent bundle on $M$. A number of classical geometric notions are extended to $\mathbb{T} M$, such as the curvature tensor for a generalized connection. In particular, we describe an analogue to the Levi-Civita connection when $\mathbb{T} M$ is endowed with a generalized metric and a structure of exact Courant algebroid. We further describe in generalized geometry the analogues to the Chern-Weil homomorphism, a Weitzenböck identity, the Ricci flow and Ricci soliton, the Hermitian-Einstein equation and the degree of a holomorphic vector bundle. Furthermore, the Ricci flows are put into the context of geometric Lax flows, which may be of independent interest.
description: 48 pages. Typos corrected and references updated
Canonical Coordinates and Meson Spectra for Scalar Deformed N=4 SYM from the AdS/CFT Correspondence
Creators: name: Shock, Jonathan P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Five supersymmetric scalar deformations of the AdS_5xS^5 geometry are investigated. By switching on condensates for the scalars in the N=4 multiplet with a form which preserves a subgroup of the original R-symmetry, disk and sphere configurations of D3-branes are formed in the dual supergravity background. The analytic, canonical metric for each geometry is formulated and the singularity structure is studied. Quarks are introduced into two of the corresponding field theories using D7-brane probes and the pseudoscalar meson spectrum is calculated. For one of the condensate configurations, a mass gap is found and shown analytically to be present in the massless limit. It is also found that there is a stepped spectrum with eigenstate degeneracy in the limit of small quark masses. In the case of a second, similar deformation, it is necessary to understand the full D3-D7 brane interaction to study the limit of small quark masses. It is seen that simple solutions to the equations of motion for the other three geometries are unlikely to exist.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures, references added, typos corrected
General stochastic separation theorems with optimal bounds
Creators: name: Grechuk, Bogdan
name: Gorban, Alexander N.
name: Tyukin, Ivan Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Phenomenon of stochastic separability was revealed and used in machine learning to correct errors of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems and analyze AI instabilities. In high-dimensional datasets under broad assumptions each point can be separated from the rest of the set by simple and robust Fisher's discriminant (is Fisher separable). Errors or clusters of errors can be separated from the rest of the data. The ability to correct an AI system also opens up the possibility of an attack on it, and the high dimensionality induces vulnerabilities caused by the same stochastic separability that holds the keys to understanding the fundamentals of robustness and adaptivity in high-dimensional data-driven AI. To manage errors and analyze vulnerabilities, the stochastic separation theorems should evaluate the probability that the dataset will be Fisher separable in given dimensionality and for a given class of distributions. Explicit and optimal estimates of these separation probabilities are required, and this problem is solved in present work. The general stochastic separation theorems with optimal probability estimates are obtained for important classes of distributions: log-concave distribution, their convex combinations and product distributions. The standard i.i.d. assumption was significantly relaxed. These theorems and estimates can be used both for correction of high-dimensional data driven AI systems and for analysis of their vulnerabilities. The third area of application is the emergence of memories in ensembles of neurons, the phenomena of grandmother's cells and sparse coding in the brain, and explanation of unexpected effectiveness of small neural ensembles in high-dimensional brain.
description: Numerical examples and illustrations are added, minor corrections extended discussion and the bibliography
A Random Card Shuffling Process
Creators: name: Lewis, Joel Brewster
name: Rai, Mehr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Consider a randomly shuffled deck of $2n$ cards with $n$ red cards and $n$ black cards. We study the average number of moves it takes to go from a randomly shuffled deck to a deck that alternates in color by performing the following move: If the top card and the bottom card of the deck differ in color place the top card at the bottom of the deck, otherwise, insert the top card randomly in the deck. We use tools from combinatorics, probability, and linear algebra to model this process as a finite Markov chain.
description: 26 pages, 1 figure
What Factors Account for State-to-State Differences in Food Security?
Creators: name: Bartfeld, Judi
name: Dunifon, Rachel
name: Nord, Mark
name: Carlson, Steven
name: Bartfeld, Judi
name: Dunifon, Rachel
name: Nord, Mark
name: Carlson, Steven
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Food security
subject: food insecurity
subject: hunger
subject: very low food security
subject: State predictors of food security

description: States differ in the extent to which their residents are food secure—meaning that they have consistent access to enough food for active, healthy living. The prevalence of food security in a State depends not only on the characteristics of households in the State, such as their income, employment, and household structure, but also on State-level characteristics, such as average wages, cost of housing, levels of participation in food assistance programs, and tax policies. Taken together, an identified set of household-level and State-level factors account for most of the State-to-State differences in food security. Some State-level factors point to specific policies that are likely to improve food security, such as policies that increase the supply of affordable housing, promote the use of Federal food assistance programs, or reduce the total tax burden on low-income households.
Black Holes, Elementary Strings and Holomorphic Anomaly
Creators: name: Sen, Ashoke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a previous paper we had proposed a specific route to relating the entropy of two charge black holes to the degeneracy of elementary string states in N=4 supersymmetric heterotic string theory in four dimensions. For toroidal compactification this proposal works correctly to all orders in a power series expansion in inverse charges provided we take into account the corrections to the black hole entropy formula due to holomorphic anomaly. In this paper we demonstrate that similar agreement holds also for other N=4 supersymmetric heterotic string compactifications.
description: LaTeX file, 28 pages, reference added, minor changes in appendix B
Nongeometry, Duality Twists, and the Worldsheet
Creators: name: Flournoy, Alex
name: Williams, Brook
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we use orbifold methods to construct nongeometric backgrounds, and argue that they correspond to the spacetimes discussed in \cite{dh,wwf}. More precisely, we make explicit through several examples the connection between interpolating orbifolds and spacetime duality twists. We argue that generic nongeometric backgrounds arising from duality twists will not have simple orbifold constructions and then proceed to construct several examples which do have a consistent worldsheet description.
description: v2-references added; v3-minor correction (eqn. 4.17)
Multiple Document Datasets Pre-training Improves Text Line Detection With Deep Neural Networks
Creators: name: Boillet, Mélodie
name: Kermorvant, Christopher
name: Paquet, Thierry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we introduce a fully convolutional network for the document layout analysis task. While state-of-the-art methods are using models pre-trained on natural scene images, our method Doc-UFCN relies on a U-shaped model trained from scratch for detecting objects from historical documents. We consider the line segmentation task and more generally the layout analysis problem as a pixel-wise classification task then our model outputs a pixel-labeling of the input images. We show that Doc-UFCN outperforms state-of-the-art methods on various datasets and also demonstrate that the pre-trained parts on natural scene images are not required to reach good results. In addition, we show that pre-training on multiple document datasets can improve the performances. We evaluate the models using various metrics to have a fair and complete comparison between the methods.
HaGRID - HAnd Gesture Recognition Image Dataset
Creators: name: Kapitanov, Alexander
name: Kvanchiani, Karina
name: Nagaev, Alexander
name: Kraynov, Roman
name: Makhliarchuk, Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper introduces an enormous dataset, HaGRID (HAnd Gesture Recognition Image Dataset), to build a hand gesture recognition (HGR) system concentrating on interaction with devices to manage them. That is why all 18 chosen gestures are endowed with the semiotic function and can be interpreted as a specific action. Although the gestures are static, they were picked up, especially for the ability to design several dynamic gestures. It allows the trained model to recognize not only static gestures such as "like" and "stop" but also "swipes" and "drag and drop" dynamic gestures. The HaGRID contains 554,800 images and bounding box annotations with gesture labels to solve hand detection and gesture classification tasks. The low variability in context and subjects of other datasets was the reason for creating the dataset without such limitations. Utilizing crowdsourcing platforms allowed us to collect samples recorded by 37,583 subjects in at least as many scenes with subject-to-camera distances from 0.5 to 4 meters in various natural light conditions. The influence of the diversity characteristics was assessed in ablation study experiments. Also, we demonstrate the HaGRID ability to be used for pretraining models in HGR tasks. The HaGRID and pretrained models are publicly available.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures, open-source dataset for computer vision
Percolation in metal-insulator composites of randomly packed spherocylindrical nanoparticles
Creators: name: Pokhrel, Shiva
name: Waters, Brendon
name: Felton, Solveig
name: Huang, Zhi-Feng
name: Nadgorny, Boris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While classical percolation is well understood, percolation effects in randomly packed or jammed structures are much less explored. Here we investigate both experimentally and theoretically the electrical percolation in a binary composite system of disordered spherocylinders, to identify the relation between structural (percolation) and functional properties of nanocomposites. Experimentally, we determine the percolation threshold $p_c$ and the conductivity critical exponent $t$ for composites of conducting (CrO$_2$) and insulating (Cr$_2$O$_3$) rodlike nanoparticles that are nominally geometrically identical, yielding $p_c=0.305 \pm 0.026$ and $t=2.52 \pm 0.03$ respectively. Simulations and modeling are implemented through a combination of the mechanical contraction method and a variant of random walk (de Gennes ant) approach, in which charge diffusion is correlated with the system conductivity via the Nernst-Einstein relation. The percolation threshold and critical exponents identified through finite size scaling are in good agreement with the experimental values. Curiously, the calculated percolation threshold for spherocylinders with an aspect ratio of 6.5, $p_c=0.312 \pm 0.002$, is very close (within numerical errors) to the one found previously in two other distinct systems of disordered jammed spheres and simple cubic lattice, an intriguing and surprising result.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
A note on convex renorming and fragmentability
Creators: name: Mirmostafaee, A K
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46B20, 54E99, 54H05

description: Using the game approach to fragmentability, we give new and simpler proofs of the following known results: (a) If the Banach space admits an equivalent Kadec norm, then its weak topology is fragmented by a metric which is stronger than the norm topology. (b) If the Banach space admits an equivalent rotund norm, then its weak topology is fragmented by a metric. (c) If the Banach space is weakly locally uniformly rotund, then its weak topology is fragmented by a metric which is stronger than the norm topology.
description: 7 pages, no figures, no tables
The Wavefront Sets of Unipotent Supercuspidal Representations
Creators: name: Ciubotaru, Dan
name: Mason-Brown, Lucas
name: Okada, Emile
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 22E50, 11F70

description: Let $\mathbf{G}(\mathsf{k})$ be a semisimple $p$-adic group, inner to split. In this article, we compute the algebraic and canonical unramified wavefront sets of the irreducible supercuspidal representations of $\mathbf{G}(\mathsf{k})$ in Lusztig's category of unipotent representations.
AJAE Appendix: Pre-Harvest Expectations for Corn: The Informational Content of USDA Reports on New Crop Futures
Creators: name: McKenzie, Andrew M.
name: McKenzie, Andrew M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: The material contained herein is supplementary to the article named in the title and published in the American Journal of Agricultural Economics.
CAP reform scenario calculations for the German Neckar river basin and England with the regional model ACRE
Creators: name: Henseler, Martin
name: Henseler, Martin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: CAP reform scenario
subject: agricultural production system
subject: regional model
subject: model transfer

description: In 2003, the new CAP reform for EU member states (MS) was decided by the European Commission. CAP reform scenarios have been calculated here for Southern Germany using the regional model ACRE. By using statistical data found for agricultural production in England ACRE was calibrated for England and CAP reform scenarios have been calculated. This study presents the calibration of ACRE to England and results of CAP reform scenario calculations for the Southern German Neckar river basin and England.
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 08/13/08.
Dual Interpretations of Seiberg-Witten and Dijkgraaf-Vafa curves
Creators: name: Landsteiner, Karl
name: Montero, Sergio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give dual interpretations of Seiberg-Witten and Dijkgraaf-Vafa (or matrix model) curves in n=1 supersymmetric U(N) gauge theory. This duality interchanges the rank of the gauge group with the degree of the superpotential; moreover, the constraint of having at most log-normalizable deformations of the geometry is mapped to a constraint in the number of flavors N_f < N in the dual theory.
description: Latex2e, 22 pages, 2 figures
Foot-and-Mouth Disease control costs compared: An Irish case study.
Creators: name: Dillon, Emma J.
name: Matthews, Alan
name: Thorne, Fiona S.
name: Dillon, Emma J.
name: Matthews, Alan
name: Thorne, Fiona S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Foot-and-Mouth disease
subject: alternative control strategies
subject: transboundary animal diseases
subject: emergency vaccination

description: The primary objective of this paper is to evaluate alternative control strategies for a number of simulated outbreaks of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) in four agriculturally diverse Irish regions, examining for the first time, the potential role of emergency vaccination in the country. The recent EU Directive (2003/85/EC) on FMD control permits the use of emergency vaccination as part of an FMD control strategy. While the slaughter of infected animals and "dangerous contacts" (susceptible animals on epidemiologically linked holdings) remains the principal tool for tackling an outbreak, the potential use of vaccination as an adjunct to the basic culling policy is now being considered. Using an integrated approach, combining epidemiological and economic modules, the alternatives of stamping-out both alone and in conjunction with emergency vaccination are examined using hypothetical outbreaks and their control costs compared. Overall, it cannot be said, a priori, that one control option is better than the other. Choice of control strategy would appear to be highly dependent on herd density, production type and other region specific issues. This analysis has focused on control costs only; taking wider economy costs into account may however change this overall conclusion.
What the FAIR do repositories need
Creators: name: Narlock, Mikala
name: Brower, Don
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: FAIR
Repositories

description: The needs of and demands on institutional and generalist repositories have changed greatly in the past decade. Repositories are no longer just for papers, preprints, and cultural heritage materials. Increasingly, code, data, and other research outputs are being deposited and shared in them. The way users search, find, and interact with research outputs is different and it is important for technologists and information professionals to understand the differences in order to support researchers, data curators, and data stewards.

 In this presentation, users will learn more about the needs of research data in repositories. One issue that funders and researchers ask about are the FAIR data principles. While the FAIR principles do not provide implementation guidelines, they provide a point of departure for repository feature development and outreach activities. Developers need to understand them, as it is critical for supporting the long-term accessibility and usability of research outputs; librarians and repository managers need to know how to address researcher and funder concerns to raise the profile of your researchers and institutions. We will discuss FAIR, what it means to repositories and the small ways that repositories can build towards FAIR.
description: Presented at Samvera Connect, 2022, virtually.
Ring-Based Electron Cooling System for the EIC
Creators: name: Lebedev, V.
name: Nagaitsev, S.
name: Burov, A.
name: Yakovlev, V.
name: Gonin, I.
name: Terechkine, I.
name: Saini, A.
name: Solyak, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This report describes a concept of an EIC cooling system, based on a proven induction linac technology with a dc electron beam. The system would operate in a full energy range of proton beams (100 - 270 GeV) and would provide 50-100 A electron beams, circulating in a cooler ring for 5 ms. Every 5 ms a new electron pulse would be injected into the cooler ring to provide continuous cooling at collisions. Operations with a 10-ms cycle is possible but it will reduce the cooling rates by ~30$\%$. The system is capable of delivering the required performance in the entire EIC energy range with emittance cooling times of less than 1-2 hours.
title: Transformations of planning rationales
Creators: name: Balz, Verena
name: Zonneveld, Wil
Publisher: name: A+BE | Architecture and the Built Environment
Year: 2019

description: Dutch national planning has acquired an international reputation because it provides strong planning guidance while simultaneously being responsive to the particular spatial and political circumstances of different regions and areas. Spatial concepts, like the Randstad, are important vehicles for sustaining this approach. Such concepts incorporate select spatial planning rationales that justify operational decisions. Concepts can, however, also be ambiguous, and this can allow for different interpretations and deliberations about how guidance should take effect in different situations. In this paper we assess the degree of ambiguity contained in concepts outlined in Dutch national plans between 1988 and 2012. By focusing on the dimensions of spatial concepts, and the room for interpretation these create, we demonstrate how concepts were modified to accommodate a shifting appreciation of deliberation and, as a result, collaboration and governance. On a theoretical level, we propose a method that analyses in detail the ambiguity (“fuzzyness” or “softness”) of spatial concepts. We argue that such sophisticated understandings contribute to explaining the variety of governance responses that these geographies produce in practice. On an empirical level we seek to increase understanding of change in recent Dutch national planning.
description: A+BE | Architecture and the Built Environment, No 6 (2019): Regional Design | Discretionary Approaches to Planning in the Netherlands
Price efficiency and speculative trading in cocoa futures markets
Creators: name: Nardella, Michele
name: Nardella, Michele
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: futures markets
subject: efficient market hypothesis
subject: speculation

description: In recent years a number of market participants called into question the efficiency of the price discovery mechanism in commodity futures markets. They believe that speculators move commodity futures markets away from their fundamentals by distorting prices and exacerbating volatility. The smoking gun of these allegations is the empirical observation that speculative buying (selling) precedes movements in the cocoa futures markets. Among soft commodities, the cocoa futures market represents an interesting case study. In the last decades, speculators' open interest is increased by nearly 4 times, fuelling the apprehension of practitioners and market analysts. This paper evaluates the efficiency of the price discovery mechanism in cocoa futures markets. Results show that the price discovery mechanism in both LIFFE and NYBOT cocoa futures markets is efficient. In addition, they rule out the existence of any casual relationship between speculative activity and cocoa prices (i.e. level and volatility) at the least for the NYBOT. This evidence supports the hypothesis that successful speculators are reacting quicker than any other market participant to new information emerging from the market. That is why profitable speculative buying (selling) occurs just before the market makes a move.