cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Bioleaching of Low-Grade Ni-Sulfide Samples with a Mesophilic Consortium of Iron- and Sulfur-Oxidizing Acidophiles
Creators: name: Khandan, Niloufar
name: Abdollahi, Hadi
name: Gharabaghi, Mahdi
name: Mirmohammadi, Mirsaleh
name: Ghassa, Sina
name: Tuovinen, Olli H.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: The bioleaching of nickel-containing sulfide minerals from five ophiolitic ore samples was investigated in this study, using a mesophilic, acidophilic consortium that included Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, and Leptospirillum ferrooxidans. The experiments were carried out in the presence and absence of ferrous iron and elemental sulfur as additional energy sources for the bacteria. After 30 days of contact at 5% pulp density, nickel dissolution was in the range of 15–29% in the chemical leaching and 58–83% in the bioleaching. Accessory forsterite (Mg2SiO4) in the ophiolitic ore samples increased the acid consumption, attributed to the protonation of Mg-silicate surfaces. The ore samples with low Cr2O3/MgO ratios had high acid consumption. Post-leaching examination of solid residues showed the presence of a jarosite and sulfur layers, indicating mineral surface passivation and diffusion limitation. Research highlightsThe chemical and bioleaching of five Ni-sulfide samples was investigatedNi bioleaching from some samples responded to Fe and sulfur additionLeaching of samples with pentlandite yielded the highest Ni recoveriesSulfur and a jarosite-type precipitate were formed as secondary phasesLizardite was formed as a serpentinization alteration product of Mg-silicates The chemical and bioleaching of five Ni-sulfide samples was investigated Ni bioleaching from some samples responded to Fe and sulfur addition Leaching of samples with pentlandite yielded the highest Ni recoveries Sulfur and a jarosite-type precipitate were formed as secondary phases Lizardite was formed as a serpentinization alteration product of Mg-silicates
Coronal Quasi-periodic Fast-mode Propagating Wave Trains
Creators: name: Shen, Yuandeng
name: Zhou, Xinping
name: Duan, Yadan
name: Tang, Zehao
name: Zhou, Chengrui
name: Tan, Song
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: QFP wave trains in the corona have been studied intensively in the past decade, thanks to the full-disk, high spatiotemporal resolution, and wide-temperature coverage observations taken by the SDO/AIA. In AIA observations, QFP wave trains are seen to consist of multiple coherent and concentric wavefronts emanating successively near the epicenter of the accompanying flares; they propagate outwardly either along or across coronal loops at fast-mode magnetosonic speeds from several hundred to more than 2000 km/s, and their periods are in the range of tens of seconds to several minutes. Based on the distinct different properties of QFP wave trains, they might be divided into two distinct categories including narrow and broad ones. For most QFP wave trains, some of their periods are similar to those of quasi-periodic pulsations (QPPs) in the accompanying flares, indicating that they are probably different manifestations of the same physical process. Currently, candidate generation mechanisms for QFP wave trains include two main categories: pulsed energy excitation mechanism in association with magnetic reconnection and dispersion evolution mechanism related to the dispersive evolution of impulsively generated broadband perturbations. In addition, the generation of some QFP wave trains might be driven by the leakage of three and five minute oscillations from the lower atmosphere. As one of the new discoveries of SDO, QFP wave trains provide a new tool for coronal seismology to probe the corona parameters, and they are also useful for diagnosing the generation of QPPs, flare processes including energy release and particle accelerations. This review aims to summarize the main observational and theoretical results of the spatially-resolved QFP wave trains in extreme ultraviolet observations, and states briefly a number of questions that deserve further investigations.
description: 55 pages, 17 figures, Accepted for publication in Solar Physics
Development of a Very Faint Meteor Detection System based on an EMCCD Sensor and Matched Filter Processing
Creators: name: Gural, P.
name: Mills, T.
name: Mazur, M.
name: Brown, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mass ranges of meteors, imaged by electro-optical (EO) cameras and backscatter radar receivers, for the most part do not overlap. Typical EO systems detect meteoroid masses down to 10$^{-5}$ kg or roughly magnitude +2 meteors when using moderate field of view optics, un-intensified optical components, and meteor entry velocities around 45 km/sec. This is near the high end of the mass range of typical meteor radar observations. Having the same mass meteor measured by different sensor wavelength bands would be a benefit in terms of calibrating mass estimations for both EO and radar. To that end, the University of Western Ontario (UWO) has acquired and deployed a very low light imaging system based on an electron-multiplying CCD camera technology. This embeds a very low noise, per pixel intensifier chip in a cooled camera setup with various options for frame rate, region of interest and binning. The EO system of optics and sensor was optimally configured to collect 32 frames per second in a square field of view 14.7 degrees on a side, achieving a single-frame stellar limiting magnitude of m$_G$ = +10.5. The system typically observes meteors of +6.5. A key development in this pipeline has been the first true application of matched filter processing to process the faintest meteors possible in the EMCCD system while also yielding high quality automated metric measurements of meteor focal plane positions. With pairs of EMCCD systems deployed at two sites, triangulation and high accuracy orbits are one of the many products being generated by this system. These measurements will be coupled to observations from the Canadian Meteor Orbit Radar (CMOR) used for meteor plasma characterization and the Canadian Automated Meteor Observatory (CAMO) high resolution mirror tracking system.
description: 50 pages, 19 figures, accepted to Experimental Astronomy
Novel $J_{\rm{eff}}$=3/2 Metallic Phase and Unconventional Superconductivity in GaTa$_4$Se$_8$
Creators: name: Jeong, Min Yong
name: Chang, Seo Hyoung
name: Lee, Hyeong Jun
name: Sim, Jae-Hoon
name: Lee, Kyeong Jun
name: Janod, Etienne
name: Cario, Laurent
name: Said, Ayman
name: Bi, Wenli
name: Werner, Philipp
name: Go, Ara
name: Kim, Jungho
name: Han, Myung Joon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By means of density functional theory plus dynamical mean-field theory (DFT+DMFT) calculations and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) experiments, we investigate the high-pressure phases of the spin-orbit-coupled $J_{\rm{eff}}=3/2$ insulator GaTa$_4$Se$_8$. Its metallic phase, derived from the Mott state by applying pressure, is found to carry $J_{\rm{eff}}=3/2$ moments. The characteristic excitation peak in the RIXS spectrum maintains its destructive quantum interference of $J_{\rm{eff}}$ at the Ta $L_2$-edge up to 10.4 GPa. Our exact diagonalization based DFT+DMFT calculations including spin-orbit coupling also reveal that the $J_{\rm{eff}}=3/2$ character can be clearly identified under high pressure. These results establish the intriguing nature of the correlated metallic magnetic phase, which represents the first confirmed example of $J_{\rm{eff}}$=3/2 moments residing in a metal. They also indicate that the pressure-induced superconductivity is likely unconventional and influenced by these $J_{\rm{eff}}=3/2$ moments. Based on a self-energy analysis, we furthermore propose the possibility of doping-induced superconductivity related to a spin-freezing crossover.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures (additional 4 pages and 6 figures for supplemental materials)
Arsenic and Nickel Stress Response, Their Bioremediation Potential and Mechanism of Trichoderma lixii Isolated from Electroplating Wastewater
Creators: name: Kumar, Vinay
name: Singh, Garima
name: Dwivedi, Shiv Kumar
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Hematology
subject: Plant Biology

description: In this investigation, arsenic (As) and nickel (Ni) removal ability of fungus Trichoderma lixii CR700 have been explored. During the batch study, it showed efficient removal ability for As and Ni which was 94.7 and 68% respectively at 10 mgL−1 and 144 h after incubation, however, increasing concentration from 10 to 500 mgL−1 of As/Ni affected the removal ability of the fungus. The optimum pH, temperature and time for removal of As and Ni were 8.0, 28 °C and 240 h after inoculation. T. lixii CR700 also exhibited significant removal ability under the presence of salts, anions, EDTA and heavy metals. As and Ni removal was mainly happened by accumulation, where glutathione and thiol content might be played an important role in addition to surface sorption mechanism as confirmed from FTIR. T. lixii CR700 showed multifarious morphological and biochemical responses to deal As and Ni toxicity. Toxicity potential of fungal treated solution of As/Ni was diminished as confirmed from superior growth and high germination rate of Vigna radiata seeds in fungus treated As/Ni solution. Therefore, T. lixii CR700 can be potentially exploited for the management of As/Ni polluted aqueous system in safe and sustainable way.
Eine versöhnungstheologische Reflexion des Pilgerwegs der Gerechtigkeit und des Friedens - mit Karl Barth und Reinhold Niebuhr
Creators: name: Gautier, Dominik
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 64 Nr. 1 (2015): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 64, Heft 1
Critical behavior of the three- and ten-state short-range Potts glass: A Monte Carlo study
Creators: name: Lee, L. W.
name: Katzgraber, Helmut G.
name: Young, A. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the critical behavior of the short-range p-state Potts spin glass in three and four dimensions using Monte Carlo simulations. In three dimensions, for p = 3, a finite-size scaling analysis of the correlation length shows clear evidence of a transition to a spin-glass phase at T_c = 0.273(5) for a Gaussian distribution of interactions and T_c = 0.377(5) for a bimodal distribution. These results indicate that the lower critical dimension of the 3-state Potts glass is below three. By contrast, the correlation length of the ten-state (p = 10) Potts glass in three dimensions remains small even at very low temperatures and thus shows no sign of a transition. In four dimensions we find that the p = 3 Potts glass with Gaussian interactions has a spin-glass transition at T_c =0.536(3).
description: 11 pages, 13 figures, 6 tables
Application of Tauberian Theorem to the Exponential Decay of the Tail Probability of a Random Variable
Creators: name: Nakagawa, Kenji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 44A10; 60A99

description: We give a sufficient condition for the exponential decay of the tail probability of a non-negative random variable. We consider the Laplace-Stieltjes transform of the probability distribution function of the random variable. We present a theorem, according to which if the abscissa of convergence of the LS transform is negative finite and the real point on the axis of convergence is a pole of the LS transform, then the tail probability decays exponentially. For the proof of the theorem, we extend and apply so-called a finite form of Ikehara's complex Tauberian theorem by Graham-Vaaler.
description: 22pages, 1 figure, submitted to IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
r2SCAN-D4: Dispersion corrected meta-generalized gradient approximation for general chemical applications
Creators: name: Ehlert, Sebastian
name: Huniar, Uwe
name: Ning, Jinliang
name: Furness, James W.
name: Sun, Jianwei
name: Kaplan, Aaron D.
name: Perdew, John P.
name: Brandenburg, Jan Gerit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We combine a regularized variant of the strongly constrained and appropriately normed semilocal density functional [J. Sun, A. Ruzsinszky, and J. P. Perdew, Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 036402 (2015)] with the latest generation semi-classical London dispersion correction. The resulting density functional approximation r2SCAN-D4 has the speed of generalized gradient approximations while approaching the accuracy of hybrid functionals for general chemical applications. We demonstrate its numerical robustness in real-life settings and benchmark molecular geometries, general main group and organo-metallic thermochemistry, as well as non-covalent interactions in supramolecular complexes and molecular crystals. Main group and transition metal bond lengths have errors of just 0.8%, which is competitive with hybrid functionals for main group molecules and outperforms them for transition metal complexes. The weighted mean absolute deviation (WTMAD2) on the large GMTKN55 database of chemical properties is exceptionally small at 7.5 kcal/mol. This also holds for metal organic reactions with an MAD of 3.3 kcal/mol. The versatile applicability to organic and metal-organic systems transfers to condensed systems, where lattice energies of molecular crystals are within chemical accuracy (errors <1 kcal/mol).
Classification of pairs of rotations in finite-dimensional Euclidean space
Creators: name: Darpö, Erik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 15A21, 16G20

description: A rotation in a Euclidean space V is an orthogonal map on V which acts locally as a plane rotation with some fixed angle. We give a classification of all pairs of rotations in finite-dimensional Euclidean space, up to simultaneous conjugation with orthogonal maps.
description: 10 pages
Investigation on Structural Prediction of Pectate Lyase Enzymes from Different Microbes and Comparative Docking Studies with Pectin: The Economical Waste from Food Industry
Creators: name: Panda, Swati Sudeshna
name: Dey, Jyotirmayee
name: Mahapatra, Soumya Ranjan
name: Kushwaha, Gajraj Singh
name: Misra, Namrata
name: Suar, Mrutyunjay
name: Ghosh, Mrinmoy
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Waste from the fruit industry is the main source of pectin, which has a huge global market. Pectinolytic enzymes produced from bacteria have been widely used in the fruit and vegetable processing industry to break down pectic substances. Pectate lyase from mesophilic, thermophilic, and psychrophilic organisms are investigated using in-silico methods, as well as comparative docking with Pectin substrate are reported in this study, order to develop a permissive agent for agro-waste/food waste treatment. The total number of 18 bacterial protein sequences was chosen based on their potential for substantial uses in agro-waste treatment. Functional phylogenetic analysis revealed three distinct groups, each split by several maximum likelihoods. Motif elicitation among the selected Pectate lyase sequences revealed five motifs with widths ranging from 100 to 200. Physicochemical characterization indicates the low hydrophobic nature of Pectate lyase and the possibility of stability at a wide range of temperatures. Docking experiments Pectate lyase from Saccharophagus degradans showed stronger affinity for the substrate and better energy efficiency than Bacillus coagulans or Sphingopyxis bauzanensis. To summarize, we posited that pectate lyase from mesophilic bacteria might offer significant benefits over its counterparts. In fact, further experimentation is required to determine their effective usage in distinct food industries.
DSAL: Deeply Supervised Active Learning from Strong and Weak Labelers for Biomedical Image Segmentation
Creators: name: Zhao, Ziyuan
name: Zeng, Zeng
name: Xu, Kaixin
name: Chen, Cen
name: Guan, Cuntai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Image segmentation is one of the most essential biomedical image processing problems for different imaging modalities, including microscopy and X-ray in the Internet-of-Medical-Things (IoMT) domain. However, annotating biomedical images is knowledge-driven, time-consuming, and labor-intensive, making it difficult to obtain abundant labels with limited costs. Active learning strategies come into ease the burden of human annotation, which queries only a subset of training data for annotation. Despite receiving attention, most of active learning methods generally still require huge computational costs and utilize unlabeled data inefficiently. They also tend to ignore the intermediate knowledge within networks. In this work, we propose a deep active semi-supervised learning framework, DSAL, combining active learning and semi-supervised learning strategies. In DSAL, a new criterion based on deep supervision mechanism is proposed to select informative samples with high uncertainties and low uncertainties for strong labelers and weak labelers respectively. The internal criterion leverages the disagreement of intermediate features within the deep learning network for active sample selection, which subsequently reduces the computational costs. We use the proposed criteria to select samples for strong and weak labelers to produce oracle labels and pseudo labels simultaneously at each active learning iteration in an ensemble learning manner, which can be examined with IoMT Platform. Extensive experiments on multiple medical image datasets demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method over state-of-the-art active learning methods.
description: Published as a journal paper at IEEE J-BHI
“Well-being, that word is very wide” Understanding how teachers in Uganda define and navigate their occupational well-being
Creators: name: D'Sa, Nikhit
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2024

description: Teachers in Uganda are overstretched and exhausted. Occupational well-being—how teachers feel and function—is associated with satisfaction and retention. Yet, we know little about what teacher well-being looks like in low-resource contexts. We worked with 148 Ugandan teachers to understand how they conceptualize well-being. They described well-being as economic, social, emotional, and physical health. Female teachers were more focused on displaying (over receiving) respect while teachers working with refugee children more frequently described the need for intrinsic motivation and training. We discuss not only the broader implications for understanding TWB in other low-resource and fragile contexts but also how interventions in Uganda need to focus on the interpersonal dynamics that are more proximal to teachers’ lived experiences.
Predicting the Starquakes in PSR J0537-6910
Creators: name: Middleditch, John
name: Marshall, Francis E.
name: Wang, Q. Daniel
name: Gotthelf, Eric V.
name: Zhang, William
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on more than 7 years of monitoring of PSR J0537-6910, the 16 ms pulsar in the Large Magellanic Cloud, using data acquired with the RXTE. During this campaign the pulsar experienced 23 sudden increases in frequency (``glitches'') amounting to a total gain of over six ppm of rotation frequency superposed on its gradual spindown of d(nu)/d(t) = -2e-10 Hz/s. The time interval from one glitch to the next obeys a strong linear correlation to the amplitude of the first glitch, with a mean slope of about 400 days ppm (6.5 days per uHz), such that these intervals can be predicted to within a few days, an accuracy which has never before been seen in any other pulsar. There appears to be an upper limit of ~40 uHz for the size of glitches in_all_ pulsars, with the 1999 April glitch of J0537 as the largest so far. The change in the spindown of J0537 across the glitches, Delta(d(nu)/d(t)), appears to have the same hard lower limit of -1.5e-13 Hz/s, as, again, that observed in all other pulsars. The spindown continues to increase in the long term, d(d(nu)/d(t))/d(t) = -1e-21 Hz/s/s, and thus the timing age of J0537 (-0.5 nu d(nu)/d(t)) continues to decrease at a rate of nearly one year every year, consistent with movement of its magnetic moment away from its rotational axis by one radian every 10,000 years, or about one meter per year. J0537 was likely to have been born as a nearly-aligned rotator spinning at 75-80 Hz, with a |d(nu)/d(t)| considerably smaller than its current value of 2e-10 Hz/s. The pulse profile of J0537 consists of a single pulse which is found to be flat at its peak for at least 0.02 cycles.
description: 54 pages, 12 figures. Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal. Cleaner figure 2. V4 -- in line with version accepted by ApJ
Supplemental Material_PPD_012221_R1.docx
Creators: name: Jacobson, Melanie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 110306 Endocrinology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111705 Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: 110319 Psychiatry (incl. Psychotherapy)
subject: 111404 Reproduction
subject: FOS: Medical biotechnology

description: Supplemental tables accompanying Jacobson MH et al. Prenatal exposure to bisphenols and phthalates and postpartum depression: The role of neurosteroid hormone disruption.
Robust negative differential conductance and enhanced shot noise in transport through a molecular transistor with vibration assistance
Creators: name: Dong, Bing
name: Lei, X. L.
name: Horing, N. J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we analyze vibration-assisted sequential tunneling (including current-voltage characteristics and zero-frequency shot noise) through a molecular quantum dot with two electronic orbitals asymmetrically coupled to the internal vibration. We employ rate equations for the case of equilibrated phonons, and strong Coulomb blockade. We find that a system with a strongly phonon-coupled ground state orbital and weakly phonon-coupled excited state orbital exhibits strong negative differential conductance; and it also shows super-Poissonian current noise. We discuss in detail the reasons and conditions for the appearance of negative differential conductance.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, and 1 table
On-chip Brillouin notch filter on a silicon nitride ring resonator
Creators: name: Antonacci, Giuseppe
name: Elsayad, Kareem
name: Polli, Dario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Noncontact Brillouin spectroscopy is a purely optical and label-free method to retrieve fundamental material viscoelastic properties. Recently, the extension to a three-dimensional imaging modality has paved the way to novel exciting opportunities in the biomedical field, yet the detection of the Brillouin spectrum remains challenging as a consequence of the dominant elastic background light that typically overwhelms the inelastic Brillouin peaks. In this Letter, we demonstrate a fully integrated and ultra-compact Brillouin notch filter based on an optical ring resonator fabricated on a silicon nitride platform. Our on-chip ring resonator filter was measured to have a 10 dB extinction ratio and a Q factor of 1.9x10^5. The experimental results provide a proof-of-concept on the ability of the on-chip filter to attenuate the elastic background light, heralding future developments of fully integrated, ultra-compact and low-cost Brillouin spectrometers.
Two-dimensional solitons in saturable media with a quasi-one-dimensional lattice potential
Creators: name: Mayteevarunyoo, Thawatchai
name: Malomed, Boris A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study families of solitons in a two-dimensional (2D) model of the light transmission through a photorefractive medium equipped with a (quasi-)one-dimensional photonic lattice. The soliton families are bounded from below by finite minimum values of the peak and total power. Narrow solitons have a single maximum, while broader ones feature side lobes. Stability of the solitons is checked by direct simulations. The solitons can be set in motion across the lattice (actually, made tilted in the spatial domain), provided that the respective boost parameter does not exceed a critical value. Collisions between moving solitons are studied too. Collisions destroy the solitons, unless their velocities are sufficiently small. In the latter case, the colliding solitons merge into a single stable pulse.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures, Physical Review E, in press
Screening of a test charge in a free-electron gas at warm dense matter and dense non-ideal plasma conditions
Creators: name: Moldabekov, Zhandos
name: Dornheim, Tobias
name: Bonitz, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The screening of a test charge by partially degenerate non-ideal free electrons at conditions related to warm dense matter and dense plasmas is investigated using linear response theory and the local field correction based on ab inito Quantum Monte-Carlo simulations data. The analysis of the obtained results is performed by comparing to the random phase approximation and the Singwi-Tosi-Land-Sjölander approximation. The applicability of the long-wavelength approximation for the description of screening is investigated. The impact of electronic exchange-correlations effects on structural properties and the applicability of the screened potential from linear response theory for the simulation of the dynamics of ions are discussed.
AC Conductance of Finite-length Carbon Nanotubes
Creators: name: He, Yuhui
name: Hou, Danqiong
name: Liu, Xiaoyan
name: Han, Ruqi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a nonequilibrium Green's function approach to calculate the ac conductance of various finite-length carbon nanotubes. The simulated ac conductance differs significantly from that of the infinite-length ones. At the low-frequency limit, the profiles of the quantized conductance are still observable in the finite-length carbon nanotubes, but many more peaks appear on the conductance curves. We also show that the conductance of finite-length carbon nanotubes will oscillate as a function of the ac frequency. The dependence of the oscillation on the lengths, helicities and defects of the carbon nanotubes are also investigated. The knowledge we gain from this research will help us make carbon-nanotube-based interconnects or other ac devices in the future
description: 6 figures. A two-page abstract has been accepted by IEEE SISPAD 2006, CA, USA
THE PAST AND FUTURE OF NEUTRINO PHYSICS
Creators: name: Glashow, Sheldon Lee
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: NEUTRINO PHYSICS

description: Opening Plenary Talk at the
 "XIX International Workshop on Neutrino Telescopes"
 on line - 18-26 February, 2021
description: Key Note Speaker
Normative interpretations of climate risk assessment and how it affects local decision making – a study at the city scale in Cork, Ireland
Creators: name: McDermott, T.K.J.
name: Surminski, S.
name: McDermott, T.K.J.
name: Surminski, S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Climate risk assessment
subject: urban adaptation
subject: local decision making

description: Urban areas already suffer substantial losses in both economic and human terms from climate related disasters. These losses are anticipated to grow substantially, in part as a result of the impacts of climate change. In this paper we investigate the process of translating climate risk data into action for the city level. We apply a commonly used decision-framework as our backdrop and explore where in this process climate risk assessment and normative political judgments intersect. We use the case of flood risk management in Cork city in Ireland to investigate what is needed for translating risk assessment into action at the local city level. Evidence presented is based on focus group discussions at two stakeholder workshops, and a series of individual meetings and phone-discussions with stakeholders involved in local decision making related to flood risk management and adaptation to climate change, in Ireland. Respondents were chosen on the basis of their expertise and/or involvement in the decision making processes locally and nationally. Representatives of groups affected by flood risk and flood risk management/adaptation efforts were also included. The Cork example highlights that, despite ever more accurate data and an increasing range of theoretical approaches available to local decision makers, it is the normative interpretation of this information that determines what action is taken. The use of risk assessments for decision making is a process that requires normative decisions, such as setting ‘acceptable risk levels’ and identifying ‘adequate’ protection levels, which will not succeed without broader buy-in and stakeholder participation. Identifying and embracing those up-front could strengthen the urban adaptation process - this may in fact turn out to be the biggest advantage of climate risk assessment: it offers an opportunity to create a shared understanding of the problem and enables an informed evaluation and discussion of remedial action.
Time scale synchronization of chaotic oscillators
Creators: name: Hramov, Alexander
name: Koronovskii, Alexey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents the result of the investigation of chaotic oscillator synchronization. A new approach for detecting of synchronized behaviour of chaotic oscillators has been proposed. This approach is based on the analysis of different time scales in the time series generated by the coupled chaotic oscillators. This approach has been applied for the coupled Rossler and Lorenz systems.
description: 19 pages, 12 figures
Atmospheric coherence times in interferometry: definition and measurement
Creators: name: Kellerer, A.
name: Tokovinin, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Current and future ground-based interferometers require knowledge of the atmospheric time constant t_0, but this parameter has diverse definitions. Moreover, adequate techniques for monitoring t_0 still have to be implemented. We derive a new formula for the structure function of the fringe phase (piston) in a long-baseline interferometer, and review available techniques for measuring the atmospheric time constant and the shortcomings. It is shown that the standard adaptive-optics atmospheric time constant is sufficient for quantifying the piston coherence time, with only minor modifications. The residual error of a fast fringe tracker and the loss of fringe visibility in a finite exposure time are calculated in terms of the same parameter. A new method based on the fast variations of defocus is proposed. The formula for relating the defocus speed to the time constant is derived. Simulations of a 35-cm telescope demonstrate the feasibility of this new technique for site testing.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures, A&A in press
Distant Radio Galaxies and their Environments
Creators: name: Miley, George
name: De Breuck, Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the properties and nature of luminous high-redshift radio galaxies (HzRGs, z > 2) and the environments in which they are located. HzRGs have several distinct constituents which interact with each other - relativistic plasma, gas in various forms, dust, stars and an active galactic nucleus (AGN). These building blocks provide unique diagnostics about conditions in the early Universe. We discuss the properties of each constituent. Evidence is presented that HzRGs are massive forming galaxies and the progenitors of brightest cluster galaxies in the local Universe. HzRGs are located in overdense regions in the early Universe and are frequently surrounded by protoclusters. We review the properties and nature of these radio-selected protoclusters. Finally we consider the potential for future progress in the field during the next few decades. A compendium of known HzRGs is given in an appendix.
description: 82 pages, 20 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics Reviews. Full resolution version available from http://www.springerlink.com/content/17123p4h8x6g0081/
Universal properties of penetrative turbulent Rayleigh--Bénard convection in cold water near $4^\circ\rm{C}$
Creators: name: Wang, Qi
name: Reiter, Philipp
name: Lohse, Detlef
name: Shishkina, Olga
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Penetrative turbulence, which occurs in a convectively unstable fluid layer and penetrates into an adjacent, originally stably stratified layer, is numerically and theoretically analyzed. We chose the most relevant example, namely thermally driven flow of water with a temperature around $T_m\approx 4^\circ\rm{C}$, where it has its density maximum. We pick the Rayleigh-Bénard geometry with the bottom plate temperature $T_b > 4^\circ\rm{C}$ and the top plate temperature $T_t \le 4^\circ\rm{C}$. Next to the overall thermal driving strength set by the temperature difference $Δ= T_b - T_t$ (the Rayleigh number $Ra$ in dimensionless form), the crucial new control parameter as compared to standard Rayleigh-Bénard convection is the density inversion parameter $θ_m \equiv (T_m - T_t ) / Δ$. The crucial response parameters are the relative mean mid-height temperature $θ_c$ and the overall heat transfer (i.e., the Nusselt number $Nu$). We theoretically derive the universal (i.e., $Ra$-independent) dependence $θ_c (θ_m) =(1+θ_m^2)/2$, which holds for $θ_m$ below a $Ra$-dependent critical value, beyond which $θ_c (θ_m)$ sharply decreases and drops down to $θ_c=1/2$ at $θ_m=θ_{m,c}$. Our direct numerical simulations with $Ra$ up to $10^{10}$ are consistent with these results. The critical density inversion parameter $θ_{m,c}$ can be precisely predicted by a linear stability analysis. The heat flux $Nu(θ_m)$ monotonically decreases with increasing $θ_m$ and we can theoretically derive a universal relation for the relative heat flux $Nu(θ_m)/Nu(0)$. Finally, we numerically identify and discuss rare transitions between different turbulent flow states for large $θ_m$.
description: 13 page3, 4 figure4
Coherent network analysis technique for discriminating gravitational-wave bursts from instrumental noise
Creators: name: Chatterji, Shourov
name: Lazzarini, Albert
name: Stein, Leo
name: Sutton, Patrick
name: Searle, Antony
name: Tinto, Massimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Existing coherent network analysis techniques for detecting gravitational-wave bursts simultaneously test data from multiple observatories for consistency with the expected properties of the signals. These techniques assume the output of the detector network to be the sum of a stationary Gaussian noise process and a gravitational-wave signal, and they may fail in the presence of transient non-stationarities, which are common in real detectors. In order to address this problem we introduce a consistency test that is robust against noise non-stationarities and allows one to distinguish between gravitational-wave bursts and noise transients. This technique does not require any a priori knowledge of the putative burst waveform.
description: 18 pages, 11 figures; corrected corrupted figure
Attractor solutions for general hessence dark energy
Creators: name: Alimohammadi, M.
name: Sadjadi, H. Mohseni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As a candidate for the dark energy, the hessence model has been recently introduced. We discuss the critical points of this model in almost general case, that is for arbitrary hessence potential and almost arbitrary hessence-background matter interaction. It is shown that in all models, there always exist some stable late-time attractors. It is shown that our general results coincide with those solutions obtained earlier for special cases, but some of them are new. These new solutions have two unique characteristics. First the hessence field has finite value in these solutions and second, their stabilities depend on the second derivative of the hessence potential.
description: 11 pages. Add some explanations about the autonomousity of the equations, and also a conclusion section was added. To appear in Phys. Rev. D (2006)
Teacher RePlay and Children ReAct pilot testing a formative toolkit to support playful learning in the classroom.pdf
Creators: name: D'Sa, Nikhit
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 39
subject: Education
classificationCode: 390307
subject: Teacher education and professional development of educators

description: Playful learning has seen a resurgence of interest in the past decade, particularly in contexts where play is not traditionally part of a teacher’s repertoire. Teachers interested in exploring the integration of play in their classrooms need formative tools and resources that help them to reflect and assess their own practice and their ability to create a playful learning experience for their students. This study presents the results of two rounds of pilot testing in three countries for Teacher RePlay, a new open-source toolkit designed to support teachers interested in reflecting on and deepening their learning through play practice. The toolkit includes the main Teacher RePlay observation protocol for teachers, as well as Children ReAct, a complementary protocol for a photo-elicited focus group discussion with children, intended to directly assess children’s experiences and reflections on learning through play. Upon observation, teachers receive customized coaching suggestions and tips designed to strengthen their learning through play practice. Initial results from the piloting indicate that the toolkit holds strong potential for teachers interested in better understanding and deepening their playful learning practice. This paper discusses the development, validation, successes, and challenges of the Teacher RePlay toolkit, and identifies future directions for its use.
Flooding disruption and the impact on the spatial distribution of commuter’s income
Creators: name: Kilgarriff, Paul,
name: McDermott, T.K.J.
name: Vega, Amaya
name: Morrissey, Karyn
name: O’Donoghue, Cathal
name: Kilgarriff, Paul,
name: McDermott, T.K.J.
name: Vega, Amaya
name: Morrissey, Karyn
name: O’Donoghue, Cathal
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: flooding
subject: climate change
subject: transport disruptions
subject: micro-simulation

description: Flooding already imposes substantial costs to the economy. Costs are expected to rise in future, both as a result of changing weather patterns due to climate change, but also because of changes in exposure to flood risk resulting from socio-economic trends such as economic growth and urbanisation. Existing cost estimates tend to focus on direct damages, excluding potentially important indirect effects such as disruptions to transport and other essential services. This paper estimates the costs to commuters as a result of travel disruptions caused by a flooding event. Using Galway, Ireland as a case study, the commuting travel times under the status quo and during the period of the floods and estimated additional costs imposed, are simulated for every commuter. Results show those already facing large commuting costs are burdened with extra costs with those in rural areas particularly vulnerable. In areas badly affected, extra costs amount to 39% of earnings (during the period of disruption), while those on lower incomes suffer proportionately greater losses. Commuting is found to have a regressive impact on the income distribution, increasing the Gini coefficient from 0.32 to 0.38.
Does dynamics reflect topology in directed networks?
Creators: name: Timme, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We present and analyze a topologically induced transition from ordered, synchronized to disordered dynamics in directed networks of oscillators. The analysis reveals where in the space of networks this transition occurs and its underlying mechanisms. If disordered, the dynamics of the units is precisely determined by the topology of the network and thus characteristic for it. We develop a method to predict the disordered dynamics from topology. The results suggest a new route towards understanding how the precise dynamics of the units of a directed network may encode information about its topology.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, Europhysics Letters, accepted
First principles study of the surface of silica and sodium silicate glasses
Creators: name: Zhang, Zhen
name: Kob, Walter
name: Ispas, Simona
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use \textit{ab initio} molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the properties of the dry surface of pure silica and sodium silicate glasses. The surface layers are defined based on the atomic distributions along the direction ($z-$direction) perpendicular to the surfaces. We show that these surfaces have a higher concentration of dangling bonds as well as two-membered (2M) rings than the bulk samples. Increasing concentration of Na$_2$O reduces the proportion of structural defects. From the vibrational density of states, one concludes that 2M rings have a unique vibrational signature at a frequency $\approx850$~cm$^{-1}$, compatible with experimental findings. We also find that, due to the presence of surfaces, the atomic vibration in the $z-$direction is softer than for the two other directions. The electronic density of states shows clear the differences between the surface and interior and we can attribute these to specific structural units. Finally, the analysis of the electron localization function allows to get insight on the influence of local structure and the presence of Na on the nature of chemical bonding in the glasses.
Ökumenische Spiritualität des Friedens in Kontexten der Gewalt
Creators: name: Lozano, Alix
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 64 Nr. 1 (2015): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 64, Heft 1
Electron and boson clusters in confined geometries: symmetry breaking in quantum dots and harmonic traps
Creators: name: Yannouleas, Constantine
name: Landman, Uzi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the formation of crystalline electron clusters in semiconductor quantum dots and of crystalline patterns of neutral bosons in harmonic traps. In a first example, we use calculations for two electrons in an elliptic quantum dot to show that the electrons can localize and form a molecular dimer. The calculated singlet-triplet splitting (J) as a function of the magnetic field (B) agrees with cotunneling measurements, with its behavior reflecting the effective dissociation of the dimer for large B. Knowledge of the dot shape and of J(B) allows determination of the degree of entanglement. In a second example, we study strongly repelling neutral bosons in two-dimensional harmonic traps. Going beyond the Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) mean-field approximation, we show that bosons can localize and form polygonal-ring-like crystalline patterns. The total energy of the crystalline phase saturates in contrast to the GP solution, and its spatial extent becomes smaller than that of the GP condensate.
description: LATEX, 9 pages with 6 figures. To appear in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA). For related papers, see http://www.prism.gatech.edu/~ph274cy/
Cartografia da ciência cidadã na Amazônia: levantamentos preliminares de um mapa
Creators: name: Oliveira  Inomata, Danielly
name: Correia de Almeida, Luiz Fernando
name: Palhares Alves, Rubana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Apresentação realizada na sessão Pecha Kucha III, da 15ª Conferência Lusófona de Ciência Aberta, na Escola Superior de Enfermagem do Porto (ESEP), de 01 a 04 de outubro de 2024.