cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Conductance Quantization in PbTe Nanowires
Creators: name: Song, Wenyu
name: Wang, Yuhao
name: Miao, Wentao
name: Yu, Zehao
name: Gao, Yichun
name: Li, Ruidong
name: Yang, Shuai
name: Chen, Fangting
name: Geng, Zuhan
name: Zhang, Zitong
name: Zhang, Shan
name: Zang, Yunyi
name: Cao, Zhan
name: Liu, Dong E.
name: Shang, Runan
name: Feng, Xiao
name: Li, Lin
name: Xue, Qi-Kun
name: He, Ke
name: Zhang, Hao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: PbTe nanowires coupled to a superconductor have recently been proposed as a potential Majorana platform. The hallmark of the one-dimensional nature of ballistic nanowires is their quantized conductance. Here, we report the observation of conductance plateaus at multiples of the quantized value $2e^2/h$ in PbTe nanowires at finite magnetic fields. The quantized plateaus, as a function of source-drain bias and magnetic field, allow for the extraction of the Landé $g$-factor, sub-band spacing and effective mass. The coefficient of 2 in the plateau conductance indicates the presence of valley degeneracy arising from the crystal orientation of the nanowires, which are grown on a (001) substrate. Occasionally, this degeneracy can be lifted by a gate voltage that breaks the mirror symmetry. Our results demonstrate the one-dimensionality of PbTe nanowires and fulfill one of the necessary conditions for the realization of Majorana zero modes.
description: Raw data and processing codes within this paper are available at: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7848599
Cross-language Wikipedia Editing of Okinawa, Japan
Creators: name: Hale, Scott A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.5.4, H.5.3

description: This article analyzes users who edit Wikipedia articles about Okinawa, Japan, in English and Japanese. It finds these users are among the most active and dedicated users in their primary languages, where they make many large, high-quality edits. However, when these users edit in their non-primary languages, they tend to make edits of a different type that are overall smaller in size and more often restricted to the narrow set of articles that exist in both languages. Design changes to motivate wider contributions from users in their non-primary languages and to encourage multilingual users to transfer more information across language divides are presented.
description: In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI 2015. ACM
Strong Spin Filtering by Silicon Nanoparticles with Adsorbed Bismuth Atom Clusters: Role of Symmetry and Electrostatic Control of the Direction of the Spin Polarization
Creators: name: Saffarzadeh, Alireza
name: Kirczenow, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theoretical study, based on density functional theory and tight binding modeling, of the electronic structure and spin transport properties of silicon nanoparticles with adsorbed bismuth atoms. We find the bismuth atoms to form clusters separated by quantum tunnel barriers. We predict strong spin filtering by these nanostructures in the high conductance regime when the source and drain leads are connected to the same bismuth cluster and in the low conductance regime when the source and drain leads are connected to different bismuth clusters. We relate the spin filtering to a symmetry obeyed by the spin transmission probability matrix of the system. We also predict that for such systems the direction of the spin polarization in the drain lead can be tuned through large angles and even reversed electrostatically simply by varying the voltage applied to a gate. Realization of these silicon-bismuth nanostructures in the laboratory is feasible. We expect the predicted spin filtering to be experimentally accessible and potentially relevant for device applications.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
A review of the recent developments of molecular hybrids targeting tubulin polymerization.
Creators: name: Ebenezer, Oluwakemi
name: Shapi, Michael
name: Tuszynski, Jack A
Publisher: name: Mangosuthu University of Technology (MUT)
Year: 2023
Subjects: Molecular targets

description: Microtubules are cylindrical protein polymers formed from αβ-tubulin heterodimers in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. Microtubule disturbance may cause cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, and anomalous mitotic spindles will form. Microtubules are an important target for cancer drug action because of their critical role in mitosis. Several microtubule-targeting agents with vast therapeutic advantages have been developed, but they often lead to multidrug resistance and ad?verse side effects. Thus, single-target therapy has drawbacks in the effective control of tubulin polymerization. Molecular hybridization, based on the amalgamation of two or more pharmaco?phores of bioactive conjugates to engender a single molecular structure with enhanced pharmaco?kinetics and biological activity, compared to their parent molecules, has recently become a promis?ing approach in drug development. The practical application of combined active scaffolds targeting tubulin polymerization inhibitors has been corroborated in the past few years. Meanwhile, different designs and syntheses of novel anti-tubulin hybrids have been broadly studied, illustrated, and detailed in the literature. This review describes various molecular hybrids with their reported struc?tural–activity relationships (SARs) where it is possible in an effort to generate efficacious tubulin polymerization inhibitors. The aim is to create a platform on which new active scaffolds can be modeled for improved tubulin polymerization inhibitory potency and hence, the development of new therapeutic agents against cancer.
(Local) Differential Privacy has NO Disparate Impact on Fairness
Creators: name: Arcolezi, Héber H.
name: Makhlouf, Karima
name: Palamidessi, Catuscia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In recent years, Local Differential Privacy (LDP), a robust privacy-preserving methodology, has gained widespread adoption in real-world applications. With LDP, users can perturb their data on their devices before sending it out for analysis. However, as the collection of multiple sensitive information becomes more prevalent across various industries, collecting a single sensitive attribute under LDP may not be sufficient. Correlated attributes in the data may still lead to inferences about the sensitive attribute. This paper empirically studies the impact of collecting multiple sensitive attributes under LDP on fairness. We propose a novel privacy budget allocation scheme that considers the varying domain size of sensitive attributes. This generally led to a better privacy-utility-fairness trade-off in our experiments than the state-of-art solution. Our results show that LDP leads to slightly improved fairness in learning problems without significantly affecting the performance of the models. We conduct extensive experiments evaluating three benchmark datasets using several group fairness metrics and seven state-of-the-art LDP protocols. Overall, this study challenges the common belief that differential privacy necessarily leads to worsened fairness in machine learning.
description: Best paper award at DBSec'23. Version of record at https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37586-6_1
Supplementary Material. Mouse skeletal muscle adaptations to different durations of treadmill exercise after the cessation of FOLFOX chemotherapy.
Creators: name: Halle, Jessica
name: Carson, James A.
name: Counts, Brittany R.
name: Zhang, Quan
name: M James, Kylie
name: J. Puppa, Melissa
name: E Alway, Stephen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 420702
subject: Exercise physiology

description: Supplemental Figures 1-2: 2X3 ANOVA analyses of skeletal muscle and systemic adaptations to exercise in PBS and FOLFOX mice. Supplemental Table 1: Mouse Primer Sequences used for RT-PCR.Mouse Skeletal Muscle Adaptations to Different Durations of Treadmill Exercise After the Cessation of FOLFOX Chemotherapy Jessica L. Halle, Brittany R. Counts, Quan Zhang, Kylie M. James, Melissa J. Puppa, Stephen E. Alway, James A. Carson*
The effect of dark matter resolution on the collapse of baryons in high redshift numerical simulations
Creators: name: Regan, John A.
name: Johansson, Peter H.
name: Wise, John H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the impact of dark matter particle resolution on the formation of a baryonic core in high resolution adaptive mesh refinement simulations. We test the effect that both particle smoothing and particle splitting have on the hydrodynamic properties of a collapsing halo at high redshift (z > 20). Furthermore, we vary the background field intensity, with energy below the Lyman limit (< 13.6 eV), as may be relevant for the case of metal-free star formation and super-massive black hole seed formation. We find that using particle splitting methods greatly increases our particle resolution without introducing any numerical noise and allows us to achieve converged results over a wide range of external background fields. Additionally, we find that for lower values of the background field a lower dark matter particle mass is required. We define the radius of the core as the point at which the enclosed baryonic mass dominates over the enclosed dark matter mass. For our simulations this results in $\rm{R_{core} \sim 5\ pc}$. We find that in order to produce converged results which are not affected by dark matter particles requires that the relationship ${M_{\rm{core}} / M_{\rm{DM}}} > 100.0$ be satisfied, where ${M_{\rm{core}}}$ is the enclosed baryon mass within the core and $M_{\rm{DM}}$ is the minimum dark matter particle mass. This ratio should provide a very useful starting point for conducting convergence tests before any production run simulations. We find that dark matter particle smoothing is a useful adjunct to already highly resolved simulations.
description: 16 pages. Updated to match MNRAS accepted version
An effective semilocal model for wave turbulence in 2D nonlinear optics
Creators: name: Skipp, Jonathan
name: Laurie, Jason
name: Nazarenko, Sergey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The statistical evolution of ensembles of random, weakly-interacting waves is governed by wave kinetic equations. To simplify the analysis, one frequently works with reduced differential models of the wave kinetics. However, the conditions for deriving such reduced models are seldom justified self-consistently. Here, we derive a reduced model for the wave kinetics of the Schr{ö}dinger-Helmholtz equations in two spatial dimensions, which constitute a model for the dynamics of light in a spatially-nonlocal, nonlinear optical medium. This model has the property of sharply localising the frequencies of the interacting waves into two pairs, allowing for a rigorous and self-consistent derivation of what we term the semilocal approximation model (SLAM) of the wave kinetic equation. Using the SLAM, we study the stationary spectra of Schr{ö}dinger-Helmholtz wave turbulence, and characterise the spectra that carry energy downscale, and waveaction upscale, in a forced-dissipated setup. The latter involves a nonlocal transfer of waveaction, in which waves at the forcing scale mediate the interactions of waves at every larger scale. This is in contrast to the energy cascade, which involves local scale-by-scale interactions, familiar from other wave turbulent systems and from classical hydrodynamical turbulence.
description: v2 reflects published version
Nonthermal Two Component Dark Matter Model for Fermi-LAT $γ$-ray excess and 3.55 keV X-ray Line
Creators: name: Biswas, Anirban
name: Majumdar, Debasish
name: Roy, Probir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A two component model of nonthermal dark matter is formulated to simultaneously explain the Fermi-LAT results indicating a $γ$-ray excess observed from our Galactic Centre in the 1-3 GeV energy range and the detection of an X-ray line at 3.55 keV from extragalactic sources. Two additional Standard Model singlet scalar fields $S_2$ and $S_3$ are introduced. These fields couple among themselves and with the Standard Model Higgs doublet $H$. The interaction terms among the scalar fields, namely $H$, $S_2$ and $S_3$, are constrained by the application of a discrete $\mathbb{Z}_2\times \mathbb{Z}^\prime_2$ symmetry which breaks softly to a remnant $\mathbb{Z}^{\prime \prime}_2$ symmetry. This residual discrete symmetry is then spontaneously broken through an MeV order vacuum expectation value $u$ of the singlet scalar field $S_3$. The resultant physical scalar spectrum has the Standard Model like Higgs as $χ_{{}_{{}_1}}$ with $M_{χ_{{}_{{}_1}}}\sim 125$ GeV, a moderately heavy scalar $χ_{{}_{{}_2}}$ with $50 \,\,{\rm GeV} \leq M_{χ_{{}_{{}_2}}}\leq 80\,\,{\rm GeV}$ and a light $χ_{{}_{{}_3}}$ with $M_{χ_{{}_{{}_3}}} \sim 7$ keV. There is only tiny mixing between $χ_{{}_{{}_1}}$ and $χ_{{}_{{}_2}}$ as well as between $χ_{{}_{{}_1}}$ and $χ_{{}_{{}_3}}$. The lack of importance of domain wall formation in the present scenario from the spontaneous breaking of the discrete symmetry ${\mathbb{Z}_2^{\prime\prime}}$, provided $u\leq 10$ MeV, is pointed out. We find that our proposed two component dark matter model is able to explain successfully both the above mentioned phenomena $-$ the Fermi-LAT observed $γ$-ray excess (from the $χ_{{}_{{}_2}} \rightarrow {\rm b} \bar{\rm b}$ decay mode) and the observation of the X-ray line (from the decay channel $χ_{{}_{{}_3}}\rightarrowγγ$) by the XMM-Newton observatory.
description: 11 eps Figures, 2 Tables, 32 Pages. Minor addition in Abstract. Inclusion in Section 1 of discussion of earlier attempts to explain the concerned phenomena by astrophysical processes. Extension of discussion in Section 6 to the case of a steeper dark matter density profile. Results unchanged. Version accepted for publication in JHEP
A Bibliometric analysis of the literature on norovirus disease from 1991–2021.
Creators: name: Ogunsakin, Ropo E.
name: Ebenezer, Oluwakemi
name: Ginindza, Themba G
Publisher: name: Mangosuthu University of Technology (MUT)
Year: 2023
Subjects: Gastroenterology and hepatology
Medical virology

description: Norovirus (NoV) is one of the oldest recognized diseases and the leading causal pathogen for acute gastroenteritis (AGE) worldwide. Though numerous studies have been reported on NoV disease, limited research has explored the publication trends in this area. As a result, the objective of this work was to fill the void by conducting a bibliometric study in publication trends on NoV studies as well as discovering the hotspots. The Web of Science central assemblage database was hunted for publications from 1991 to 2021 with “norovirus” in the heading. Microsoft Excel 2016, VOSviewer, R Bibliometrix, and Biblioshiny packages were deployed for the statistical analysis of published research articles. A total of 6021 published documents were identified in the Web of Science database for this thirty-year study period (1991–2021). The analyses disclosed that the Journal of Medical Virology was the leading journal in publications on norovirus studies with a total of 215 published articles, the Journal of Virology was the most cited document with 11,185 total citations. The United States of America (USA) has the most significant productivity in norovirus publications and is the leading country with the highest international collaboration. Analysis of top germane authors discovered that X. Jiang (135) and J. Vinje (119) were the two top relevant authors of norovirus publications. The commonly recognized funders were US and EU-based, with the US emerging as a top funder. This study reveals trends in scientific findings and academic collaborations and serves as a leading-edge model to reveal trends in global research in the field of norovirus research. This study points out the progress status and trends on NoV research. It can help researchers in the medical profession obtain a comprehensive understanding of the state of the art of NoV. It also has reference values for the research and application of the NoV visualization methods. Further, the research map on AGE obtained by our analysis is expected to help researchers efficiently and effectively explore the NoV field.
Magnetic operators in 2D compact scalar field theories on the lattice
Creators: name: Abe, Motokazu
name: Morikawa, Okuto
name: Onoda, Soma
name: Suzuki, Hiroshi
name: Tanizaki, Yuya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In lattice compact gauge theories, we must impose the admissibility condition to have well-defined topological sectors. The admissibility condition, however, usually forbids the presence of magnetic operators, and it is not so trivial if one can study the monopole physics depending on the topological term, such as the Witten effect, on the lattice. In this paper, we address this question in the case of 2D compact scalars as it would be one of the simplest examples having analogues of the monopole and the topological term. To define the magnetic operator, we propose the ``excision method,'' which consists of excising lattice links (or bonds) in an appropriate region containing the monopole and defining the dual lattice in a particular way. The size of the excised region is $O(1)$ in lattice units so that the monopole becomes point-like in the continuum limit. We give the lattice derivation of the 't~Hooft anomalies between the electric and magnetic symmetries and also derive the higher-group-like structure related to the Witten effect.
description: 21 pages, 4 figures
Competing Heterogeneities in Vaccine Effectiveness Estimation
Creators: name: Nikas, Ariel
name: Ahmed, Hasan
name: Zarnitsyna, Veronika I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Understanding waning of vaccine-induced protection is important for both immunology and public health. Population heterogeneities in underlying (pre-vaccination) susceptibility and vaccine response can cause measured vaccine effectiveness (mVE) to change over time even in the absence of pathogen evolution and any actual waning of immune responses. We use a multi-scale agent-based models parameterized using epidemiological and immunological data, to investigate the effect of these heterogeneities on mVE as measured by the hazard ratio. Based on our previous work, we consider waning of antibodies according to a power law and link it to protection in two ways: 1) motivated by correlates of risk data and 2) using a within-host model of stochastic viral extinction. The effect of the heterogeneities is given by concise and understandable formulas, one of which is essentially a generalization of Fisher's fundamental theorem of natural selection to include higher derivatives. Heterogeneity in underlying susceptibility accelerates apparent waning, whereas heterogeneity in vaccine response slows down apparent waning. Our models suggest that heterogeneity in underlying susceptibility is likely to dominate. However, heterogeneity in vaccine response offsets <10% to >100% (median of 29%) of this effect in our simulations. Our methodology and results may be helpful in understanding competing heterogeneities and waning of immunity and vaccine-induced protection. Our study suggests heterogeneity is more likely to 'bias' mVE downwards towards faster waning of immunity but a subtle bias in the opposite direction is also plausible.
Holographic entanglement entropy and the internal space
Creators: name: Karch, Andreas
name: Uhlemann, Christoph F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We elaborate on the role of extremal surfaces probing the internal space in AdS/CFT. Extremal surfaces in AdS quantify the "geometric" entanglement between different regions in physical space for the dual CFT. This, however, is just one of many ways to split a given system into subsectors, and extremal surfaces in the internal space should similarly quantify entanglement between subsectors of the theory. For the case of AdS$_5\times$S$^5$, their area was interpreted as entanglement entropy between U(n) and U(m) subsectors of U(n+m) N=4 SYM. Making this proposal precise is subtle for a number of reasons, the most obvious being that from the bulk one usually has access to gauge-invariant quantities only, while a split into subgroups is inherently gauge variant. We study N=4 SYM on the Coulomb branch, where some of the issues can be mitigated and the proposal can be sharpened. Continuing back to the original AdS$_5\times$S$^5$ geometry, we obtain a modified proposal, based on the relation of the internal space to the R-symmetry group.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures; to appear in PRD
Developing Young Women's Collective Action in Vanuatu
Creators: name: Spark, Ceridwen
Publisher: name: Canberra, ACT : Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Affairs, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University
Year: 2014

description: Over the past year, I have conducted 38 interviews with young, educated women in Papua New Guinea (PNG), Solomon Islands and Vanuatu. Two important findings have already emerged. The first is that young women in Melanesia are subject to intimate forms of control. However educated and able they may be, family members continue to exert or seek to exert control over their behaviour and choices. The second is that young, educated Melanesian women derive solidarity and support from one another. This peer group support appears to be particularly important for women who have made countercultural ‘choices’ – for example, to remain single, leave violent partners or bring up children on their own
Diverse Communities, Diverse Media: A Report on the OURMedia Conference, University of Goroka 21-25 July 2014
Creators: name: Cox, John
Publisher: name: Canberra, ACT : Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Affairs, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University
Year: 2014

description: OURMedia is an international network of scholars, activists and practitioners interested in community-based media and media diversity. The network was formed in 2000 and has minimal formal structures. The University of Goroka (UOG) conference was the tenth international OURMedia conference and the first of its kind to be held in Papua New Guinea (PNG).
Greed and Grievance or Scales of Justice?
Creators: name: McKenna, Kylie
Publisher: name: Canberra, ACT : Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Affairs, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University
Year: 2014

description: Why do conflicts over natural resources persist despite increased resource revenue? To explore this question, this In Brief connects the ideas of Nancy Fraser (2009) to sources of conflict in Bougainville. The ideas presented offer a new way of understanding what appear to be intractable disputes over resource exploitation in Melanesia.
A brief review of topological photonics in one, two, and three dimensions
Creators: name: Lan, Zhihao
name: Chen, Menglin L. N.
name: Gao, Fei
name: Zhang, Shuang
name: Sha, Wei E. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological photonics has attracted increasing attention in recent years due to the unique opportunities it provides to manipulate light in a robust way immune to disorder and defects. Up to now, diverse photonic platforms, rich physical mechanisms and fruitful device applications have been proposed for topological photonics, including one-way waveguide, topological lasing, topological nanocavity, Dirac and Weyl points, Fermi arcs, nodal lines, etc. In this review, we provide an introduction to the field of topological photonics through the lens of topological invariants and bulk-boundary correspondence in one, two, and three dimensions, which may not only offer a unified understanding about the underlying robustness of diverse and distinct topological phenomena of light, but could also inspire further developments by introducing new topological invariants and unconventional bulk-boundary correspondence to the research of topological photonics.
description: 29 pages, 12 figures, 341 references
From Producer-Sellers to Middlemen: Changes in Melanesian Marketplaces
Creators: name: Sharp, Tim
Publisher: name: Canberra, ACT : Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Affairs, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University
Year: 2014

description: Marketplaces are ubiquitous throughout Melanesia, central to the lives and livelihoods of both rural and urban people. The dynamics of Melanesian marketplaces have changed considerably since their colonial introduction. The most significant has been the change from dominance by producer-sellers — people selling to the consumer produce they themselves have grown — to increasing prominence of intermediaries or 'middlemen' (gender inclusive). This In Brief focuses on growing intermediary participation in marketplaces in Papua New Guinea; however, this dynamic is also observable elsewhere in Melanesia.
Complexity of Problems of Commutative Grammars
Creators: name: Kopczynski, Eryk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider commutative regular and context-free grammars, or, in other words, Parikh images of regular and context-free languages. By using linear algebra and a branching analog of the classic Euler theorem, we show that, under an assumption that the terminal alphabet is fixed, the membership problem for regular grammars (given v in binary and a regular commutative grammar G, does G generate v?) is P, and that the equivalence problem for context free grammars (do G_1 and G_2 generate the same language?) is in $\mathrm{Π_2^P}$.
Elections and Electoral Quality in Solomon Islands
Creators: name: Wood, Terence
Publisher: name: Canberra, ACT : Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Affairs, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University
Year: 2014

description: Despite weak governance, challenging geography, and conflict at the turn of the millennium, Solomon Islands has succeeded in holding eight general elections since becoming an independent nation in 1978. Elections, particularly recent ones, have also been admirably free of large-scale maleficence associated with the electoral process. However, around their periphery vote buying and voter coercion are issues, and some aspects of process — most notably the roll — have been imperfect. In this In Brief I discuss Solomon Islands elections, starting with aspects of elections that have worked well, before examining problems. Finally, I look forward to elections scheduled for later this year (2014) and beyond.
Wigner Time Delay in Photoionization: A 1D Model Study
Creators: name: Elghazawy, Karim I.
name: Greene, Chris H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In scattering theory, the Wigner-Smith time delay, calculated through a phaseshift derivative or its multichannel generalization, has been demonstrated to measure the amount of delay or advance experienced by colliding particles during their interaction with the scattering potential. Fetic, Becker, and Milosevic argue that this concept cannot be extended to include photoionization, viewed as a half-scattering experiment. Their argument is based on the lack of information about scattering phaseshifts in the part of the wavefunction (satisfying the ingoing-wave boundary condition) going to the detector. This article aims to test this claim by examining a photodetachment process in a simple 1D model with a short-range symmetrical potential. Using time-dependent perturbation theory with a dipole interaction, the relevant wavepacket of the outgoing particle is analyzed and compared to the free wavepacket as a reference. Our findings confirm that, indeed, a time delay arises in the liberated fragmentation wavepacket, which is expressed as an energy derivative of the scattering phaseshift. Our study highlights that the source of the phaseshift content in the wavepacket arriving at the detector is the dipole matrix element, which is a direct consequence of imposing the ingoing-wave boundary condition. We illustrate our results through numerical simulations of both the non-free and free wavepackets. The amount of the observed time delay is found to be half of that appearing in a typical scattering experiment.
description: For data used to produce figures (4-6) see, https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/WJXZXK
Papua New Guinea National Census 2011: Rates of Population Change in Local Level Government Areas
Creators: name: Allen, Bryant
Publisher: name: Canberra, ACT : Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Affairs, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University
Year: 2014

description: In January 2014, the Papua New Guinea (PNG) National Statistical Office (NSO) published the results of the 2011 national census (NSO 2014b). Preliminary results were published in November 2013. This In Brief
Police Development in Papua New Guinea: The Need for More Innovation
Creators: name: Peake, Gordon
name: Dinnen, Sinclair
Publisher: name: Canberra, ACT : Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Affairs, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University
Year: 2014

description: Since the late 1980s, a succession of Australianfunded programs has sought to strengthen the Royal Papua New Guinea Constabulary (RPNGC). Australia is now on its ninth discrete police development program in the past 25 years. The latest program — known as the Papua New Guinea – Australia Policing Partnership Phase IV — sees 50 Australian Federal Police deployed to Port Moresby and Lae, providing advisory support to the RPNGC. The initiative forms part of the deal on asylum seeker processing concluded by the prime ministers of Australia and Papua New Guinea, Kevin Rudd and Peter O'Neill, on the eve of the 2013 Australian election.
NMR Investigation of the Quasi One-dimensional Superconductor K$_{2}$Cr$_{3}$As$_{3}$
Creators: name: Zhi, H. Z.
name: Imai, T.
name: Ning, F. L.
name: Bao, Jin-Ke
name: Cao, Guang-Han
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report $^{75}$As NMR measurements on the new quasi one-dimensional superconductor K$_{2}$Cr$_{3}$As$_{3}$ ($T_{c} \sim 6.1$~K) [J.\ K.\ Bao et al., Phys. Rev. X {\bf 5}, 011013 (2015)]. We found evidence for strong enhancement of Cr spin fluctuations above $T_c$ in the [Cr$_{3}$As$_{3}$]$_{\infty}$ double-walled subnano-tubes based on the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate $1/T_{1}$. The power law temperature dependence, $1/T_{1}T \sim T^{-γ}$ ($γ\sim 0.25$), is consistent with the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid. Moreover, absence of the Hebel-Slichter coherence peak of $1/T_{1}$ just below $T_{c}$ suggests unconventional nature of superconductivity.
description: Final version accepted for publication in PRL
The Prevalence of Transnational Crimes in Papua New Guinea: By Design or By Default?
Creators: name: Mitna, Phillip
Publisher: name: Canberra, ACT : Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Affairs, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University
Year: 2014

description: The booming mining and gas industries in Papua New Guinea have brought problems and opportunities for crime, particularly transnational crimes that overwhelm the capabilities of already weak law enforcement agencies. This In Brief discusses the legislation that was adopted in 2005 as part of the government's response to dealing with the problem of transnational criminal activities affecting the country. However, it also questions the level of political support that exists in order to realise the effectiveness of this legislation.
Transforming Workplace Norms in PNG: The Role of the Business Coalition for Women
Creators: name: Luinstra, Amy
name: Spark, Ceridwen
Publisher: name: Canberra, ACT : Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Affairs, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University
Year: 2014

description: Announcing Australia's 'new aid paradigm' in June 2014, Foreign Minister, Julie Bishop, said: 'We will focus in particular on women's economic empowerment — on promoting women's leadership in politics, business, communities and families and on eliminating violence against women and children'. The link between women's economic empowerment and the elimination of violence is pertinent in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Significant and persistent gender disparities limit the capacity of all Papua New Guineans to benefit from the country's wealth of natural and human resources.
Towards Robust Off-Policy Evaluation via Human Inputs
Creators: name: Singh, Harvineet
name: Joshi, Shalmali
name: Doshi-Velez, Finale
name: Lakkaraju, Himabindu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Off-policy Evaluation (OPE) methods are crucial tools for evaluating policies in high-stakes domains such as healthcare, where direct deployment is often infeasible, unethical, or expensive. When deployment environments are expected to undergo changes (that is, dataset shifts), it is important for OPE methods to perform robust evaluation of the policies amidst such changes. Existing approaches consider robustness against a large class of shifts that can arbitrarily change any observable property of the environment. This often results in highly pessimistic estimates of the utilities, thereby invalidating policies that might have been useful in deployment. In this work, we address the aforementioned problem by investigating how domain knowledge can help provide more realistic estimates of the utilities of policies. We leverage human inputs on which aspects of the environments may plausibly change, and adapt the OPE methods to only consider shifts on these aspects. Specifically, we propose a novel framework, Robust OPE (ROPE), which considers shifts on a subset of covariates in the data based on user inputs, and estimates worst-case utility under these shifts. We then develop computationally efficient algorithms for OPE that are robust to the aforementioned shifts for contextual bandits and Markov decision processes. We also theoretically analyze the sample complexity of these algorithms. Extensive experimentation with synthetic and real world datasets from the healthcare domain demonstrates that our approach not only captures realistic dataset shifts accurately, but also results in less pessimistic policy evaluations.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, 1 table. Appeared at AIES '22: Proceedings of the 2022 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society. Expanded version of arXiv:2103.15933
MPEC 2023-U142 : 2023 TW36
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 TW36

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
A systematic review of Self-Directed Learning: empirical evidence from STEM teaching and learning
Creators: name: ASYHARI, ARDIAN
name: SUNYONO, SUNYONO
name: HAENILAH, EEN YAYAH
name: HARIRI (Indonesia), HASAN
Publisher: name: Review of Science, Mathematics and ICT Education
Year: 2023
Subjects: Self-directed learning (SDL), STEM teaching and learning (STEM-TL) systematic literature review

description: Amid the burgeoning interest in self-directed learning (SDL) and its implications, particularly in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics teaching and learning (STEM-TL), our systematic review meticulously examined 50 articles. Extracting data from the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases spanning the recent five years, the review canvassed a diverse set of parameters encompassing study characteristics, methodological approaches, underlying learning theories, strategic pedagogies, technological integrations, perceptible impacts, encountered challenges, and potential research trajectories concerning SDL within STEM-TL. The accumulated evidence testifies to SDL's multifaceted application within STEM-TL, underpinning its salience in equipping students with quintessential 21st-century competencies. Notably, while a vast swathe of the literature accentuates the positive outcomes of SDL, a limited subset critically evaluates potential pitfalls, encompassing premature SDL induction, potential erosion of student ethics, unchecked technological advancement, and the ambiguity of prospective educational landscapes. This review, therefore, serves as a synthesized repository, offering invaluable insights to inform and shape pedagogical frameworks and curricula in STEM-TL for educators, institutional policymakers, and other stakeholders.
description: Review of Science, Mathematics and ICT Education, Forthcoming papers
Magnetic States of Graphene Proximitized Kitaev Materials
Creators: name: Shi, Jingtian
name: MacDonald, A. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single layer $α$-ruthenium trichloride ($\rmα-RuCl_3$) has been proposed as a potential quantum spin liquid. Graphene/$\rm RuCl_3$ heterobilayers have been extensively studied with a focus on the large interlayer electron transfer that dopes both materials. Here we examine the interplay between the competing magnetic state of $\rm RuCl_3$ layer and graphene electronic properties. We perform self-consistent Hartree-Fock calculations on a Hubbard-Kanamori model of the $4d^5$ $t_{2g}$ electrons of $\rmα-RuCl_3$ and confirm that out-of-plane ferromagnetic and zigzag antiferromagnetic states are energetically competitive. We show that the influence of hybridization between graphene and $\rmα-RuCl_3$ bands is strongly sensitive to the magnetic configuration of $\rm RuCl_3$ and the relative orientations of the two layers. We argue that strong hybridization leads to graphene magneto-resistance and that it may tilt the balance between closely competing magnetic states. Our analysis can be applied to any van der Waals heterobilayer system with weak interlayer hybridization and allows for arbitrary lattice constant mismatch and relative orientation.
Towards a national PID roadmap
Creators: name: Akcaova, Gül
name: Slot, Pim
name: de Smaele, Madeleine
name: Hoogerwerf, Maarten
name: Sesink, Laurents
name: Baars, Chris
name: de Jong, Maaike
name: Coombs, Sarah
name: van de Sanden, Mark
name: Voorburg, René
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: PID
Persistent Identifiers
The Netherlands
Research Information
FAIR
Responsible research information
Open Science
Open Scholarly Communication

description: Two complementary movements have energized the need for improved information about research: Open Science and Responsible Management of Research Information. In this context, Persistent Identifiers (PIDs) play an important role. PIDs are also an essential part of the FAIR data principles. With the help of PIDs, digital objects can be identified and reused in a more persistent and less ambiguous way. International adoption of PIDs such as ORCID for researchers and RoR for organisations, coincides with key developments in The Netherlands. A sample of Dutch initiatives that could benefit from coordinated use of PIDs include open access, open data, data management plans, and responsible research assessment, as well as the possibility of a national Open Knowledge Base. PIDs provide additional structure to research information (metadata) while also enabling durable links between research objects, institutions, funding awards, and researchers. Development of the present document To address the possibility of employing PIDs in a coordinated way, and to find alignment between present and future initiatives, the PID advisory board (NWO, DANS-KNAW, UKB, SURF and CWTS-Leiden University) requested the development of a national PID roadmap. This request led to the installment of a working group with representatives of eScience Center, Utrecht University, Leiden University, 4TU, KB, DANS-KNAW, Saxion and SURF. Their work resulted in the present document, which provides a first step for engaging the broader community on the content and potential of a national PID roadmap. This document is a project deliverable. More information about the project: National Roadmap for Persistent Identifiers | SURF.nl
Effects of electron-phonon interaction on thermal and electrical transport through molecular nano-conductors
Creators: name: Lü, Jing-Tao
name: Zhou, Hangbo
name: Jiang, Jin-Wu
name: Wang, Jian-Sheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The topic of this review is the effects of electron-phonon interaction (EPI) on the transport properties of molecular nano-conductors. A nano-conductor connects to two electron leads and two phonon leads, possibly at different temperatures or chemical potentials. The EPI appears only in the nano-conductor. We focus on its effects on charge and energy transport. We introduce three approaches. For weak EPI, we use the nonequilibrium Green's function method to treat it perturbatively. We derive the expressions for the charge and heat currents. For weak system-lead couplings, we use the quantum master equation approach. In both cases, we use a simple single level model to study the effects of EPI on the system's thermoelectric transport properties. It is also interesting to look at the effect of currents on the dynamics of the phonon system. For this, we derive a semi-classical generalized Langevin equation to describe the nano-conductor's atomic dynamics, taking the nonequilibrium electron system, as well as the rest of the atomic degrees of freedom as effective baths. We show simple applications of this approach to the problem of energy transfer between electrons and phonons.
description: 22 pages,173 refs., AIP Adv.,Special Topic: Phononics and Thermal Energy Control
Two-particle irreducible functional renormalization group schemes---a comparative study
Creators: name: Rentrop, Jan Frederik
name: Jakobs, Severin Georg
name: Meden, Volker
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive functional renormalization group schemes for Fermi systems which are based on the two-particle irreducible approach to the quantum many-body problem. In a first step, the cutoff is introduced in the non-interacting propagator as it is commonly done in functional renormalization group based on one-particle irreducible vertex functions. The most natural truncation of the resulting infinite hierarchy of flow equations is shown to be fully equivalent to self-consistent perturbation theory. An earlier suggested alternative truncation strategy is considered as well. In a second step, the cutoff is introduced in the two-particle interaction. Again two truncation procedures are investigated, one of which was derived before. In the latter, the mean-field solution of the many-body problem is considered as the starting point of the renormalization group flow. We compare the performance and the required numerical resources for solving the coupled flow equations for all the approximate schemes by applying them to the problem of the quantum anharmonic oscillator. In a functional integral representation, this model has a formal similarity to the quantum many-body problem. The perspectives for applying the derived two-particle irreducible functional renormalization group approaches to zero- and one-dimensional systems of correlated fermions are discussed.
description: 32 pages, 6 figures (9 plots)
Some remarks on the notion of transitions
Creators: name: Di Cosmo, Florio M. Ciaglia aand Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper some reflections on the concept of transition are presented: groupoids are introduced as models for the construction of a ``generalized logic'' whose basic statements involve pairs of propositions which can be conditioned. In this sense, we could distinguish between classical probability theory where propositions can be conditioned if they have a non-zero intersection, from cases where ``non-local'' conditioning are allowed. The algebraic and geometrical properties of groupoids can be exploited to construct models of such non-local description.
description: 9 pages - Submitted to conference GSI 23
Effective zero-dimensionality for computable metric spaces
Creators: name: Kenny, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We begin to study classical dimension theory from the computable analysis (TTE) point of view. For computable metric spaces, several effectivisations of zero-dimensionality are shown to be equivalent. The part of this characterisation that concerns covering dimension extends to higher dimensions and to closed shrinkings of finite open covers. To deal with zero-dimensional subspaces uniformly, four operations (relative to the space and a class of subspaces) are defined; these correspond to definitions of inductive and covering dimensions and a countable basis condition. Finally, an effective retract characterisation of zero-dimensionality is proven under an effective compactness condition. In one direction this uses a version of the construction of bilocated sets.
description: 25 pages. To appear in Logical Methods in Computer Science. Results in Section 4 have been presented at CCA 2013
Can Čencov meet Petz?
Creators: name: Ciaglia, Florio M.
name: Di Cosmo, Fabio
name: González-Bravo, Laura
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss how to exploit the recent formulation of classical and quantum information geometry in terms of normal states on $W^{*}$-algebras to formulate a problem that unifies Cencov's theorem and Petz's theorem.
description: 9 pages - Comments are welcome!