cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of physics constrained data-driven methods for turbulence model uncertainty quantification
Creators: name: Matha, Marcel
name: Kucharczyk, Karsten
name: Morsbach, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In order to achieve a virtual certification process and robust designs for turbomachinery, the uncertainty bounds for Computational Fluid Dynamics have to be known. The formulation of turbulence closure models implies a major source of the overall uncertainty of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulations. We discuss the common practice of applying a physics constrained eigenspace perturbation of the Reynolds stress tensor in order to account for the model form uncertainty of turbulence models. Since the basic methodology often leads to overly generous uncertainty estimates, we extend a recent approach of adding a machine learning strategy. The application of a data-driven method is motivated by striving for the detection of flow regions, which are prone to suffer from a lack of turbulence model prediction accuracy. In this way any user input related to choosing the degree of uncertainty is supposed to become obsolete. This work especially investigates an approach, which tries to determine an a priori estimation of prediction confidence, when there is no accurate data available to judge the prediction. The flow around the NACA 4412 airfoil at near-stall conditions demonstrates the successful application of the data-driven eigenspace perturbation framework. Furthermore, we especially highlight the objectives and limitations of the underlying methodology.
Fast optical transport of ultracold molecules over long distances
Creators: name: Bao, Yicheng
name: Yu, Scarlett S.
name: Anderegg, Loïc
name: Burchesky, Sean
name: Gonzalez-Acevedo, Derick
name: Chae, Eunmi
name: Ketterle, Wolfgang
name: Ni, Kang-Kuen
name: Doyle, John M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optically trapped laser-cooled polar molecules hold promise for new science and technology in quantum information and quantum simulation. Large numerical aperture optical access and long trap lifetimes are needed for many studies, but these requirements are challenging to achieve in a magneto-optical trap (MOT) vacuum chamber that is connected to a cryogenic buffer gas beam source, as is the case for all molecule laser cooling experiments so far. Long distance transport of molecules greatly eases fulfilling these requirements as molecules are placed into a region separate from the MOT chamber. We realize a fast transport method for ultracold molecules based on an electronically focus-tunable lens combined with an optical lattice. The high transport speed is achieved by the 1D red-detuned optical lattice, which is generated by interference of a focus-tunable laser beam and a focus-fixed laser beam. Efficiency of 48(8)% is realized in the transport of ultracold calcium monofluoride (CaF) molecules over 46 cm distance in 50 ms, with a moderate heating from 32(2) μK to 53(4) μK. Positional stability of the molecular cloud allows for stable loading of an optical tweezer array with single molecules.
description: 21 pages, 7 figures
Log-Linear-Time Gaussian Processes Using Binary Tree Kernels
Creators: name: Cohen, Michael K.
name: Daulton, Samuel
name: Osborne, Michael A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Gaussian processes (GPs) produce good probabilistic models of functions, but most GP kernels require $O((n+m)n^2)$ time, where $n$ is the number of data points and $m$ the number of predictive locations. We present a new kernel that allows for Gaussian process regression in $O((n+m)\log(n+m))$ time. Our "binary tree" kernel places all data points on the leaves of a binary tree, with the kernel depending only on the depth of the deepest common ancestor. We can store the resulting kernel matrix in $O(n)$ space in $O(n \log n)$ time, as a sum of sparse rank-one matrices, and approximately invert the kernel matrix in $O(n)$ time. Sparse GP methods also offer linear run time, but they predict less well than higher dimensional kernels. On a classic suite of regression tasks, we compare our kernel against Matérn, sparse, and sparse variational kernels. The binary tree GP assigns the highest likelihood to the test data on a plurality of datasets, usually achieves lower mean squared error than the sparse methods, and often ties or beats the Matérn GP. On large datasets, the binary tree GP is fastest, and much faster than a Matérn GP.
description: NeurIPS 2022; 9 pages + appendices
Quantum critical charge response from higher derivatives: is more different?
Creators: name: Witczak-Krempa, William
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new possibilities for the charge response in the quantum critical regime in 2+1D using holography, and compare them with field theory and recent quantum Monte Carlo results. We show that a family of (infinitely many) higher derivative terms in the gravitational bulk leads to behavior far richer than what was previously obtained. For example, we prove that the conductivity becomes unbounded, undermining previously obtained constraints. We further find a non-trivial and infinite set of theories that have a self-dual conductivity. Particle-vortex or S duality plays a key role; notably, it maps theories with a finite number of bulk terms to ones with an infinite number. Many properties such as sum rules and stability conditions are proved.
description: 5+13 pages, 4+7 figs. Main text double column. 7 (detailed) appendices. v2: New fig in main text, new appendix and references, typos corrected, more detailed discussion of asymptotics
Expanding the Quantum Photonic Toolbox in AlGaAsOI
Creators: name: Castro, Joshua E.
name: Steiner, Trevor J.
name: Thiel, Lillian
name: Dinkelacker, Alex
name: McDonald, Corey
name: Pintus, Paolo
name: Chang, Lin
name: Bowers, John E.
name: Moody, Galan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aluminum gallium arsenide-on-insulator (AlGaAsOI) exhibits large $χ^\left(2\right)$ and $χ^\left(3\right)$ optical nonlinearities, a wide tunable bandgap, low waveguide propagation loss, and a large thermo-optic coefficient, making it an exciting platform for integrated quantum photonics. With ultrabright sources of quantum light established in AlGaAsOI, the next step is to develop the critical building blocks for chip-scale quantum photonic circuits. Here we expand the quantum photonic toolbox for AlGaAsOI by demonstrating edge couplers, 3-dB splitters, tunable interferometers, and waveguide crossings with performance comparable to or exceeding silicon and silicon-nitride quantum photonic platforms. As a demonstration, we demultiplex photonic qubits through an unbalanced interferometer, paving the route toward ultra-efficient and high-rate chip-scale demonstrations of photonic quantum computation and information applications.
Moralność i etyka w działalności gospodarczej (głos ostatni)
Creators: name: Zieliński, Wojciech
Publisher: name: Diametros
Year: 2005

description: Niniejszy tekst nawiązuje do debaty Instytucjonalizacja moralności w działalności gospodarczej , która odbyła się na forum ICF Diametros w dniach 23 – 25 września 2005. Wybór tekstów z tejże debaty został zamieszczony w niniejszym wydaniu ICF Diametros w dziale Dyskusje.
description: Diametros, No 6 (2005)
Continuum limit of parton distribution functions from the pseudo-distribution approach on the lattice
Creators: name: Bhat, Manjunath
name: Chomicki, Wojciech
name: Cichy, Krzysztof
name: Constantinou, Martha
name: Green, Jeremy R.
name: Scapellato, Aurora
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Precise quantification of the structure of nucleons is one of the crucial aims of hadronic physics for the coming years. The expected progress related to ongoing and planned experiments should be accompanied by calculations of partonic distributions from lattice QCD. While key insights from the lattice are expected to come for distributions that are difficult to access experimentally, it is important that lattice QCD can reproduce the well-known unpolarized parton distribution functions (PDFs) with full control over systematic uncertainties. One of the novel methods for accessing the partonic $x$-dependence is the pseudo-distribution approach, which employs matrix elements of a spatially-extended nonlocal Wilson-line operator of length $z$. In this paper, we address the issue of discretization effects, related to the necessarily nonzero value of the lattice spacing $a$, which start at first order in $a$ as a result of the nonlocal operator. We use twisted mass fermions simulated at three values of the lattice spacing, at a pion mass of 370 MeV, and extract the continuum limit of isovector unpolarized PDFs. We also test, for the first time in the pseudo-distribution approach, the effects of the recently derived two-loop matching. Finally, we address the issue of the reliability of the extraction with respect to the maximal value of $z$.
description: 31 pages, 20 figures
Radiopurity of CaWO$_4$ Crystals for Direct Dark Matter Search with CRESST and EURECA
Creators: name: Münster, A.
name: Sivers, M. v.
name: Angloher, G.
name: Bento, A.
name: Bucci, C.
name: Canonica, L.
name: Erb, A.
name: Feilitzsch, F. v.
name: Gorla, P.
name: Gütlein, A.
name: Hauff, D.
name: Jochum, J.
name: Kraus, H.
name: Lanfranchi, J. -C.
name: Laubenstein, M.
name: Loebell, J.
name: Ortigoza, Y.
name: Petricca, F.
name: Potzel, W.
name: Pröbst, F.
name: Puimedon, J.
name: Reindl, F.
name: Roth, S.
name: Rottler, K.
name: Sailer, C.
name: Schäffner, K.
name: Schieck, J.
name: Scholl, S.
name: Schönert, S.
name: Seidel, W.
name: Stodolsky, L.
name: Strandhagen, C.
name: Strauss, R.
name: Tanzke, A.
name: Uffinger, M.
name: Ulrich, A.
name: Usherov, I.
name: Wawoczny, S.
name: Willers, M.
name: Wüstrich, M.
name: Zöller, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The direct dark matter search experiment CRESST uses scintillating CaWO$_4$ single crystals as targets for possible WIMP scatterings. An intrinsic radioactive contamination of the crystals as low as possible is crucial for the sensitivity of the detectors. In the past CaWO$_4$ crystals operated in CRESST were produced by institutes in Russia and the Ukraine. Since 2011 CaWO$_4$ crystals have also been grown at the crystal laboratory of the Technische Universität München (TUM) to better meet the requirements of CRESST and of the future tonne-scale multi-material experiment EURECA. The radiopurity of the raw materials and of first TUM-grown crystals was measured by ultra-low background $γ$-spectrometry. Two TUM-grown crystals were also operated as low-temperature detectors at a test setup in the Gran Sasso underground laboratory. These measurements were used to determine the crystals' intrinsic $α$-activities which were compared to those of crystals produced at other institutes. The total $α$-activities of TUM-grown crystals as low as 1.23 $\pm$ 0.06 mBq/kg were found to be significantly smaller than the activities of crystals grown at other institutes typically ranging between ~15 mBq/kg and ~35 mBq/kg.
description: Corrected typos, results unchanged
Optimal Wavelet Parameters for System Identification of Civil Engineering Structures
Creators: name: Gaviria-Mendoza, Carlos A
name: Montejo, Luis A
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Earthquake engineering
Structural dynamics
Structural engineering

description: © 2018 Earthquake Engineering Research Institute. Damage-induced changes in structure dynamic properties are commonly tracked with time-frequency representations (TFRs). One of the most widely accepted tools for determining a TFR is the continuous wavelet transform (CWT). The success of CWT analysis is highly dependent on selecting the most appropriate values for the parameters that define the mother wavelet. This article presents a detailed analytical and numerical study to select optimal wavelet parameters using the complex Morlet wavelet (CMOR) and the Gabor wavelet. The results obtained suggest that it is possible to define optimal parameter values based on identification target, instantaneous frequency, or average damping ratio. This reduces the computational cost of a reliable CWT analysis when compared with currently employed iterative methodologies based on minimal Shannon entropy criteria. https://doi.org/10.1193/092016EQS154M
Research Software Engineers: Career Entry Points and Training Gaps
Creators: name: Cosden, Ian A.
name: McHenry, Kenton
name: Katz, Daniel S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: As software has become more essential to research across disciplines, and as the recognition of this fact has grown, the importance of professionalizing the development and maintenance of this software has also increased. The community of software professionals who work on this software have come together under the title Research Software Engineer (RSE) over the last decade. This has led to the formalization of RSE roles and organized RSE groups in universities, national labs, and industry. This, in turn, has created the need to understand how RSEs come into this profession and into these groups, how to further promote this career path to potential members, as well as the need to understand what training gaps need to be filled for RSEs coming from different entry points. We have categorized three main classifications of entry paths into the RSE profession and identified key elements, both advantages and disadvantages, that should be acknowledged and addressed by the broader research community in order to attract and retain a talented and diverse pool of future RSEs.
description: Accepted by IEEE Computing in Science & Engineering (CiSE): Special Issue on the Future of Research Software Engineers in the US
Spin coherence times of point defects in two-dimensional materials from first principles
Creators: name: Sajid, A.
name: Thygesen, Kristian S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spin coherence times of 69 triplet defect centers in 45 different 2D host materials are calculated using the cluster correlation expansion (CCE) method with parameters of the spin Hamiltonian obtained from density functional theory (DFT). Several of the triplets are found to exhibit extraordinarily large spin coherence times making them interesting for quantum information processing. The dependence of the spin coherence time on various factors, including the hyperfine coupling strength, the dipole-dipole coupling, and the nuclear g-factors, are systematically investigated. The analysis shows that the spin coherence time is insensitive to the atomistic details of the defect center and rather is dictated by the nuclear spin properties of the host material. Symbolic regression is then used to derive a simple expression for spin coherence time, which is validated on a test set of 55 doublet defects unseen by the regression model. The simple expression permits order-of-magnitude estimates of the spin coherence time without expensive first principles calculations.
Optical magnetism and wavefront control by arrays of strontium atoms
Creators: name: Ballantine, K. E.
name: Wilkowski, D.
name: Ruostekoski, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By analyzing the parameters of electronic transitions, we show how bosonic Sr atoms in planar optical lattices can be engineered to exhibit optical magnetism and other higher-order electromagnetic multipoles that can be harnessed for wavefront control of incident light. Resonant $λ\simeq 2.6μ$m light for the $^3D_1\rightarrow {^3}P_0$ transition mediates cooperative interactions between the atoms while the atoms are trapped in a deeply subwavelength optical lattice. The atoms then exhibit collective excitation eigenmodes, e.g., with a strong cooperative magnetic response at optical frequencies, despite individual atoms having negligible coupling to the magnetic component of light. We provide a detailed scheme to utilize excitations of such cooperative modes consisting of arrays of electromagnetic multipoles to form an atomic Huygens' surface, with complete $2π$ phase control of transmitted light and almost no reflection, allowing nearly arbitrary wavefront shaping. In the numerical examples, this is achieved by controlling the atomic level shifts of Sr with off-resonant ${^3P}_J\rightarrow {^3D}_1$ transitions, which results in a simultaneous excitation of arrays of electric dipoles and electric quadrupoles or magnetic dipoles. We demonstrate the wavefront engineering for a Sr array by realizing the steering of an incident beam and generation of a baby-Skyrmion texture in the transmitted light via a topologically nontrivial transition of a Gaussian beam to a Poincaré beam, which contains all possible polarizations in a single cross-section.
Globale Produktion und globale Verantwortung: Indische und deutsche Leder- und Schuhindustrie
Creators: name: Bellwinkel-Schempp, Maren
Publisher: name: Südasien
Year: 2023

description: Südasien, Bd. 25 Nr. 1 (2005): "Fairer" Welthandel ... Vorteile für Südasien?
Machine learning via relativity-inspired quantum dynamics
Creators: name: Li, Zejian
name: Heyraud, Valentin
name: Donatella, Kaelan
name: Denis, Zakari
name: Ciuti, Cristiano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a machine-learning scheme based on the relativistic dynamics of a quantum system, namely a quantum detector inside a cavity resonator. An equivalent analog model can be realized for example in a circuit QED platform subject to properly modulated driving fields. We consider a reservoir-computing scheme where the input data are embedded in the modulation of the system (equivalent to the acceleration of the relativistic object) and the output data are obtained by linear combinations of measured observables. As an illustrative example, we have simulated such a relativistic quantum machine for a challenging classification task, showing a very large enhancement of the accuracy in the relativistic regime. Using kernel-machine theory, we show that in the relativistic regime the task-independent expressivity is dramatically magnified with respect to the Newtonian regime.
description: Article (2 figures) + Suppl. Mat. (2 figures)
Attractor structures of signaling networks: Consequences of different conformational barcode dynamics and their relations to network-based drug design
Creators: name: Szalay, Kristof Z.
name: Nussinov, Ruth
name: Csermely, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Conformational barcodes tag functional sites of proteins, and are decoded by interacting molecules transmitting the incoming signal. Conformational barcodes are modified by all co-occurring allosteric events induced by post-translational modifications, pathogen, drug binding, etc. We argue that fuzziness (plasticity) of conformational barcodes may be increased by disordered protein structures, by integrative plasticity of multi-phosphorylation events, by increased intracellular water content (decreased molecular crowding) and by increased action of molecular chaperones. This leads to increased plasticity of signaling and cellular networks. Increased plasticity is both substantiated by and inducing an increased noise level. Using the versatile network dynamics tool, Turbine (www.turbine.linkgroup.hu), here we show that the 10% noise level expected in cellular systems shifts a cancer-related signaling network of human cells from its proliferative attractors to its largest, apoptotic attractor representing their health-preserving response in the carcinogen containing and tumor suppressor deficient environment modeled in our study. Thus, fuzzy conformational barcodes may not only make the cellular system more plastic, and therefore more adaptable, but may also stabilize the complex system allowing better access to its largest attractor.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures
High-energy neutrino emission from magnetised jets of rapidly rotating protomagnetars
Creators: name: Bhattacharya, Mukul
name: Carpio, Jose Alonso
name: Murase, Kohta
name: Horiuchi, Shunsaku
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Relativistic jets originating from protomagnetar central engines can lead to long duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and are considered potential sources of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays and secondary neutrinos. We explore the propagation of such jets through a broad range of progenitors, from stars which have shed their envelopes to supergiants which have not. We use a semi-analytical spindown model for the strongly magnetised and rapidly rotating PNS to investigate the role of central engine properties such as the surface dipole field strength, initial rotation period, and jet opening angle on the interactions and dynamical evolution of the jet-cocoon system. With this model, we determine the properties of the relativistic jet, the mildly-relativistic cocoon, and the collimation shock in terms of system parameters such as the time-dependent jet luminosity, injection angle and density profile of the stellar medium. We also analyse the criteria for a successful jet breakout, the maximum energy that can be deposited into the cocoon by the relativistic jet, and structural stability of the magnetised outflow relative to local instabilities. Lastly, we compute the high-energy neutrino emission as these magnetised outflows burrow through their progenitors. Precursor neutrinos from successful GRB jets are unlikely to be detected by IceCube, which is consistent with the results of previous works. On the other hand, we find high-energy neutrinos may be produced for extended progenitors like blue and red supergiants, and we estimate the detectability of neutrinos with next-generation detectors such as IceCube-Gen2.
description: 17 pages, 7+3 figures, 2+1 tables. Updated to match the published version
Brightest Cluster Galaxies in Cosmological Simulations with Adaptive Mesh Refinement: Successes and Failures
Creators: name: Martizzi, Davide
name: Jimmy
name: Teyssier, Romain
name: Moore, Ben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A large sample of cosmological hydrodynamical zoom-in simulations with Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) is analysed to study the properties of simulated Brightest Cluster Galaxies (BCGs). Following the formation and evolution of BCGs requires modeling an entire galaxy cluster, because the BCG properties are largely influenced by the state of the gas in the cluster and by interactions and mergers with satellites. BCG evolution is also deeply influenced by the presence of gas heating sources such as Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) that prevent catastrophic cooling of large amounts of gas. We show that AGN feedback is one of the most important mechanisms in shaping the properties of BCGs at low redshift by analysing our statistical sample of simulations with and without AGN feedback. When AGN feedback is included BCG masses, sizes, star formation rates and kinematic properties are closer to those of the observed systems. Some small discrepancies are observed only for the most massive BCGs and in the fraction of star-forming BCGs, effects that might be due to physical processes that are not included in our model.
description: 11 pages, 2 tables, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Constraints on exotic particle masses from flavor violating charged lepton decays and the role of interference
Creators: name: Barela, Mario W.
name: Montaño-Domínguez, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Together with any Beyond the Standard Model ultraviolet complete, renormalizable model, one or several exotic particles are usually hypothesized. $C\!P$-even neutral and doubly-charged scalars are common, well known examples which can contribute to the seven 3-body Charged Lepton Flavor Violating decays. The experimental bounds on each Branching Ratio within this set of processes provide a good test for new physics that can induce powerful constraints on relevant parameter spaces. This is specially true for a third species of particle which, unlike the previous two, is a rare feature of renormalizable models: a doubly charged vector bilepton. We show how these purely leptonic bounds can indeed induce relevant exclusion regions for the corresponding particles masses, stronger than what have been considered in the literature for the alternative flavor conserving case, and examine how interference effects can influence these regions in a non-trivial way.
Measurement of inclusive W and Z boson production cross sections in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A measurement of total and fiducial inclusive W and Z boson production cross sections in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV is presented. Electron and muon final states are analyzed in a data sample collected with the CMS detector corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 18.2 +/- 0.5 inverse picobarns. The measured total inclusive cross sections times branching fractions are sigma(pp to W X) B(W to l nu) = 12.21 +/- 0.03 (stat.) +/- 0.24 (syst.) +/- 0.32 (lum.) nb and sigma(pp to Z X) B(Z to l+ l-) = 1.15 +/- 0.01 (stat.) +/- 0.02 (syst.) +/- 0.03 (lum.) nb for the dilepton mass in the range of 60 to 120 GeV. The measured values agree with next-to-next-to-leading-order QCD cross section calculations. Ratios of cross sections are reported with a precision of 2%. This is the first measurement of inclusive W and Z boson production in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV.
description: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI
On The Equivalence of the FRW Field Equations and those of Newtonian Cosmology
Creators: name: Wells, Clive G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a simple argument to explain why the field equations of the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker metric are equivalent to those of Newtonian cosmology. By passing to the infinite limit of a family of conformally rescaled FRW metrics in suitable coordinates, we reveal Newtonian space and time. The limiting process preserves the Einstein equations and these may be elucidated directly from the Newtonian limit up to the determination of the scalar curvature parameter. Consideration of the conformally invariant scalar field equation on the FRW spacetime is used to recover the Einstein equations efficiently from the Newtonian theory. We proceed to examine the limiting procedure in connection with the Cartan formulation of Newtonian gravity.
description: Journal Version. Small improvements to the grammar and some extra remarks to emphasize the difference with just sending the speed of light to infinity. 9 pages
Nous sommes venus ici du fond de nos villages (discussion)
Creators: name: Musée National Des Arts Et Traditions Populaires (Paris)
name: Centre D'ethnologie Française
Publisher: name: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales; Institut  interdisciplinaire d'anthropologie du contemporain (Paris); Laboratoire d'anthropologie et d'histoire de l'institution de la culture (Paris)
Year: 2024

Abstract
Abstract
Common Data Elements for Disorders of Consciousness - Version 0.0 (For Public Feedback)
Creators: name: Curing Coma Campaign
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: coma
consciousness
disorders of consciousness
Curing Coma Campaign
common data elements

description: In 2020, the Neurocritical Care Society’s Curing Coma Campaign launched an international initiative to create common data elements (CDEs) for disorders of consciousness (DoC). This CDE initiative is motivated by the recognition that ongoing progress in our field depends on the development of harmonized and uniform data elements. We formed multidisciplinary Work Groups with expertise in 1) Behavioral Phenotyping; 2) Hospital Course/Confounders/Medications; 3) Neuroimaging; 4) Electrophysiology; 5) Biospecimens; 6) Physiologic Data/Big Data; 7) Therapeutic Interventions; 8) Outcomes/Endpoints; and 9) Goals of Care/Family Data. Here, we disseminate the initial recommendations of this CDE development process and preliminary case report forms (CRFs) with CDEs that can be used in DoC studies. We aim for these CDEs to support progress in the field of DoC research and to facilitate multi-institutional collaboration. This initial release of the CRFs (version 0.0) is intended to generate discussion in our community, and we welcome the public's feedback and suggestions for improving the CRFs. The public feedback period will run from October 19th through November 30th. Please send feedback to cde.curingcoma@gmail.com. We look forward to hearing from you!
Guaiacol oxidation: theoretical insight into thermochemistry of radical processes involving methoxy group demethylation
Creators: name: Biela, Monika
name: Kleinová, Andrea
name: Klein, Erik
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Guaiacol (2-methoxyphenol) is naturally occurring phenolic compound essential in various research areas. Oxidative transformation of guaiacol can lead to the formation of various products, including 1,3-benzodioxole or ortho-quinone. Therefore, this study is focused on the investigation of the reaction enthalpies of experimentally observed guaiacol oxidation pathways in gas-phase, as well as in non-polar environment and aqueous solution. Corresponding Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were carried out using two hybrid functionals (M06-2X and B3LYP-D3). All reaction enthalpies, as well as Gibbs free energies, were also calculated using composite ab initio G4 method. M06-2X and G4 results show mutual agreement and the best accordance with available experimentally determined reaction enthalpies. Obtained Gibbs free reaction energies indicate that formation of ortho-quinone is thermodynamically preferred to formation of 1,3-benzodioxole at 298 K in studied environments. Moreover, all computational methods confirm that the reaction enthalpy of methoxy group demethylation, i.e. O–C bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE), is substantially lower in comparison to the enthalpy of hydrogen atom transfer from phenolic OH group. In the case of phenoxide anion of guaiacol, which can be formed in ionization supporting solvents, O–C BDE shows further significant decrease, exceeding 50 kJ mol−1, in comparison to parent molecule.HIGHLIGHTSReaction enthalpies and Gibbs free energies of individual steps of guaiacol transformation to 1,3-benzodioxole or ortho-quinone are studied in three environments.M06-2X functional and composite ab initio G4 methods provide reliable O–H and O–C bond dissociation enthalpies.Dissociation enthalpy of methoxy group O–C bond is lower by ca. 100 kJ mol−1 in comparison to phenolic O–H bond.Phenoxide anion of guaiacol shows substantially lower O–C BDE than parent molecule. Reaction enthalpies and Gibbs free energies of individual steps of guaiacol transformation to 1,3-benzodioxole or ortho-quinone are studied in three environments. M06-2X functional and composite ab initio G4 methods provide reliable O–H and O–C bond dissociation enthalpies. Dissociation enthalpy of methoxy group O–C bond is lower by ca. 100 kJ mol−1 in comparison to phenolic O–H bond. Phenoxide anion of guaiacol shows substantially lower O–C BDE than parent molecule.
Remote Sensing Novel View Synthesis with Implicit Multiplane Representations
Creators: name: Wu, Yongchang
name: Zou, Zhengxia
name: Shi, Zhenwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Novel view synthesis of remote sensing scenes is of great significance for scene visualization, human-computer interaction, and various downstream applications. Despite the recent advances in computer graphics and photogrammetry technology, generating novel views is still challenging particularly for remote sensing images due to its high complexity, view sparsity and limited view-perspective variations. In this paper, we propose a novel remote sensing view synthesis method by leveraging the recent advances in implicit neural representations. Considering the overhead and far depth imaging of remote sensing images, we represent the 3D space by combining implicit multiplane images (MPI) representation and deep neural networks. The 3D scene is reconstructed under a self-supervised optimization paradigm through a differentiable multiplane renderer with multi-view input constraints. Images from any novel views thus can be freely rendered on the basis of the reconstructed model. As a by-product, the depth maps corresponding to the given viewpoint can be generated along with the rendering output. We refer to our method as Implicit Multiplane Images (ImMPI). To further improve the view synthesis under sparse-view inputs, we explore the learning-based initialization of remote sensing 3D scenes and proposed a neural network based Prior extractor to accelerate the optimization process. In addition, we propose a new dataset for remote sensing novel view synthesis with multi-view real-world google earth images. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superiority of the ImMPI over previous state-of-the-art methods in terms of reconstruction accuracy, visual fidelity, and time efficiency. Ablation experiments also suggest the effectiveness of our methodology design. Our dataset and code can be found at https://github.com/wyc-Chang/ImMPI
description: 14 pages
A critical review of cyber-physical security for building automation systems
Creators: name: Li, Guowen
name: Ren, Lingyu
name: Fu, Yangyang
name: Yang, Zhiyao
name: Adetola, Veronica
name: Wen, Jin
name: Zhu, Qi
name: Wu, Teresa
name: Candanf, K. Selcuk
name: O'Neill, Zheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Modern Building Automation Systems (BASs), as the brain that enables the smartness of a smart building, often require increased connectivity both among system components as well as with outside entities, such as optimized automation via outsourced cloud analytics and increased building-grid integrations. However, increased connectivity and accessibility come with increased cyber security threats. BASs were historically developed as closed environments with limited cyber-security considerations. As a result, BASs in many buildings are vulnerable to cyber-attacks that may cause adverse consequences, such as occupant discomfort, excessive energy usage, and unexpected equipment downtime. Therefore, there is a strong need to advance the state-of-the-art in cyber-physical security for BASs and provide practical solutions for attack mitigation in buildings. However, an inclusive and systematic review of BAS vulnerabilities, potential cyber-attacks with impact assessment, detection & defense approaches, and cyber-secure resilient control strategies is currently lacking in the literature. This review paper fills the gap by providing a comprehensive up-to-date review of cyber-physical security for BASs at three levels in commercial buildings: management level, automation level, and field level. The general BASs vulnerabilities and protocol-specific vulnerabilities for the four dominant BAS protocols are reviewed, followed by a discussion on four attack targets and seven potential attack scenarios. The impact of cyber-attacks on BASs is summarized as signal corruption, signal delaying, and signal blocking. The typical cyber-attack detection and defense approaches are identified at the three levels. Cyber-secure resilient control strategies for BASs under attack are categorized into passive and active resilient control schemes. Open challenges and future opportunities are finally discussed.
description: 38 pages, 7 figures, 6 tables, accepted by Annual Reviews in Control
Bridging Gaps in the Climate Observation Network: A Physics-based Nonlinear Dynamical Interpolation of Lagrangian Ice Floe Measurements via Data-Driven Stochastic Models
Creators: name: Covington, Jeffrey
name: Chen, Nan
name: Wilhelmus, Monica M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Modeling and understanding sea ice dynamics in marginal ice zones relies on acquiring Lagrangian ice floe measurements. However, optical satellite images are susceptible to atmospheric noise, leading to gaps in the retrieved time series of floe positions. This paper presents an efficient and statistically accurate nonlinear dynamical interpolation framework for recovering missing floe observations. It exploits a balanced physics-based and data-driven construction to address the challenges posed by the high-dimensional and nonlinear nature of the coupled atmosphere-ice-ocean system, where effective reduced-order stochastic models, nonlinear data assimilation, and simultaneous parameter estimation are systematically integrated. The new method succeeds in recovering the locations, curvatures, angular displacements, and the associated strong non-Gaussian distributions of the missing floes in the Beaufort Sea. It also accurately estimates floe thickness and recovers the unobserved underlying ocean field with an appropriate uncertainty quantification, advancing our understanding of Arctic climate.
Fun with New Gauge Bosons at 100 TeV
Creators: name: Rizzo, Thomas G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The production of new gauge bosons is a standard benchmark for the exploration of the physics capabilities of future colliders. The $\sqrt s=100$ TeV Future Hadron Collider will make a major step in our ability to search for and explore the properties of such new states. In this paper, employing traditional models to make contact with the past and more recent literature, we not only establish in detail the discovery and exclusion reaches for both the $Z'$ and $W'$ within these models but, more importantly, we also examine the capability of the FHC to extract information relevant for the determination of the couplings of the $Z'$ to the fermions of the Standard Model as well as the helicity of the corresponding $W'$ couplings. This is a necessary first step in determining the nature of the underlying theory which gave rise to these states.
description: 34 pages, 19 figs; Figures, discussion and references added
Additional file 2 of Can usual gait speed be used as a prognostic factor for early palliative care identification in hospitalized older patients? A prospective study on two different wards
Creators: name: Celine Van De Vyver
name: Velghe, Anja
name: Baeyens, Hilde
name: Baeyens, Jean-Pierre
name: Dekoninck, Julien
name: Noortgate, Nele Van Den
name: Piers, Ruth
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2 : E-Table 2. Geriatric Risk Profile (GRP) a modified and translated version of the Triage Risk Screening Tool (TRST).
Additional file 3 of Can usual gait speed be used as a prognostic factor for early palliative care identification in hospitalized older patients? A prospective study on two different wards
Creators: name: Celine Van De Vyver
name: Velghe, Anja
name: Baeyens, Hilde
name: Baeyens, Jean-Pierre
name: Dekoninck, Julien
name: Noortgate, Nele Van Den
name: Piers, Ruth
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3 : E-Table 3. Katz Activities of Daily Living (ADL): Evaluation scale for functional independence.
Measurement of a quantum system with a classical apparatus using ensembles on configuration space
Creators: name: Reginatto, Marcel
name: Ulbricht, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Finding a physically consistent approach to modelling interactions between classical and quantum systems is a highly nontrivial task. While many proposals based on various mathematical formalisms have been made, most of these efforts run into difficulties of one sort or another. One of the first detailed descriptions was given by Sudarshan and his collaborators who, motivated by the measurement problem in quantum mechanics, proposed a Hilbert space formulation of classical-quantum interactions which made use of the Koopman-von Neumann description of classical systems. Here we use the approach of ensembles on configurations space to give a detailed account of a classical apparatus measuring the position of a quantum particle that is prepared in a superposition of two localized states. We show that the probability of the pointer of the classical apparatus is left in a state that corresponds to the probability of the quantum particle. A subsequent observation of the pointer leads to an update of its probability density. From this we can obtain information about the position of the quantum particle, leading to an update of its wave function. Since this formalism incorporates uncertainties and finite measurement precision, it is well suited for metrological applications. Furthermore, it resolves fundamental issues that appear in the case of a quantum description of the apparatus.
description: 30 pages, 2 figures. 746. WE-Heraeus-Seminar "Koopman Methods in Classical and Classical-Quantum Mechanics"
NEOWISE-R Observation of the Coolest Known Brown Dwarf
Creators: name: Wright, Edward L.
name: Mainzer, Amy
name: Kirkpatrick, J. Davy
name: Masci, Frank
name: Cushing, Michael C.
name: Bauer, James
name: Fajardo-Acosta, Sergio
name: Gelino, Christopher R.
name: Beichman, Charles A.
name: Skrutskie, M. F.
name: Grav, T.
name: Eisenhardt, Peter R. M.
name: Cutri, Roc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) spacecraft has been reactivated as NEOWISE-R to characterize and search for Near Earth Objects. The brown dwarf WISE J085510.83-071442.5 has now been reobserved by NEOWISE-R, and we confirm the results of Luhman (2014b), who found a very low effective temperature ($\approx 250$ K), a very high proper motion (8.1 +/- 0.1 arcsec/yr) , and a large parallax (454 +/- 45 mas). The large proper motion has separated the brown dwarf from the background sources that influenced the 2010 WISE data, allowing a measurement of a very red WISE color of W1-W2 $> 3.9$ mag. A re-analysis of the 2010 WISE astrometry using only the W2 band, combined with the new NEOWISE-R 2014 position, gives an improved parallax of 448 +/- 33 mas and proper motion of 8.08 +/- 0.05\; arcsec/yr. These are all consistent with Luhman (2014b).
description: 6 pages, AJ accepted
Atmospheric resonant production for light dark sectors
Creators: name: Darmé, Luc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmic ray atmospheric showers provide an effective environment for the production of MeV-scale dark sector particles. We show that, when available, the resonant annihilation of positrons from the shower on atmospheric electrons is the dominant production mechanism by more than an order of magnitude. We provide a quantitative example based on dark photon production and update existing constraints on a corresponding light dark matter model from kilotons neutrino experiments and xenon-based direct detection experiments.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, datasets available at https://zenodo.org/record/6561236
CO(1-0) line imaging of massive star-forming disc galaxies at z=1.5-2.2
Creators: name: Aravena, M.
name: Hodge, J. A.
name: Wagg, J.
name: Carilli, C. L.
name: Daddi, E.
name: Dannerbauer, H.
name: Lentati, L.
name: Riechers, D. A.
name: Sargent, M.
name: Walter, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present detections of the CO(J= 1-0) emission line in a sample of four massive star-forming galaxies at z~1.5-2.2 obtained with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA). Combining these observations with previous CO(2-1) and CO(3-2) detections of these galaxies, we study the excitation properties of the molecular gas in our sample sources. We find an average line brightness temperature ratios of R_{21}=0.70+\-0.16 and R_{31}=0.50+\-0.29, based on measurements for three and two galaxies, respectively. These results provide additional support to previous indications of sub-thermal gas excitation for the CO(3-2) line with a typically assumed line ratio R_{31}~0.5. For one of our targets, BzK-21000, we present spatially resolved CO line maps. At the resolution of 0.18 arcsec (1.5 kpc), most of the emission is resolved out except for some clumpy structure. From this, we attempt to identify molecular gas clumps in the data cube, finding 4 possible candidates. We estimate that <40 % of the molecular gas is confined to giant clumps (~1.5 kpc in size), and thus most of the gas could be distributed in small fainter clouds or in fairly diffuse extended regions of lower brightness temperatures than our sensitivity limit.
description: Accepted 26 April 2014; Title modified to match published version