cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Fold growth in the South Caspian Sea Basin: mechanisms and interaction with deep-water lacustrine sediments
Creators: name: Procter, Andrew Liam
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: Growth strata analysis, finite element modelling and mapping of a lacustrine turbidite channel network utilizing a high-quality 3D seismic reflection dataset have been used to explore the Plio-Pleistocene growth history of the Shafag – Asiman fold structure, within the centre of the South Caspian Basin. For the first time, I document the amplification of fold growth in response to shortening and sediment loading of a mobile shale in the South Caspian Basin. 2D finite element modelling results suggest that atypical growth strata geometries can be explained by tectonic shortening and sediment loading of a mobile visco-plastic layer (Maykop shale) with a viscosity of 1018 Pa.s and a porosity of 30%. Fold geometries are controlled by the distribution of sediment between the crest and flanks of the fold structures, determined by the relative amounts of shortening and sediment input. The location and initial growth of the fold structure is controlled by a deep basement fault. However, detailed growth strata analyses record anti-clockwise rotation of the fold axes through the Pleistocene as the structures formed in response to transpressive dextral shear above the mobile shale. Shortening and subsequent transpression is caused by the relative NNW and SW motion of the basin with respect to Eurasia and Iran. The interaction of deep-water lacustrine turbidites with growing fold structures is documented for the first time, revealing the alternating dominance of the Shafag and Asiman fold crests on seafloor topography through the Pleistocene to recent times. Novel growth strata analysis, defined as sediment accumulation indices, and lacustrine turbidite channel mapping demonstrate the complex interaction of the channel network and growing fold structures. Channel characteristics such as density, sinuosity and avulsion points are controlled by the interaction of the channels with the growing structures. The results show that sediment accumulation indices have the potential to be applied as a predictive tool for other deep-water sedimentary systems.
A Compactness Theorem for The Dual Gromov-Hausdorff Propinquity
Creators: name: Latremoliere, Frederic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46L89, 46L30, 58B34

description: We prove a compactness theorem for the dual Gromov-Hausdorff propinquity as a noncommutative analogue of the Gromov compactness theorem for the Gromov-Hausdorff distance. Our theorem is valid for subclasses of quasi-Leibniz compact quantum metric spaces of the closure of finite dimensional quasi-Leibniz compact quantum metric spaces for the dual propinquity. While finding characterizations of this class proves delicate, we show that all nuclear, quasi-diagonal quasi-Leibniz compact quantum metric spaces are limits of finite dimensional quasi-Leibniz compact quantum metric spaces. This result involves a mild extension of the definition of the dual propinquity to quasi-Leibniz compact quantum metric spaces, which is presented in the first part of this paper.
description: 40 Pages. Version 4 includes several minor corrections and is accepted in the Indiana University Mathematics Journal
Revealing the immediate formation of two-fold rotation symmetry in charge-density-wave state of Kagome superconductor CsV$_3$Sb$_5$ by optical polarization rotation measurement
Creators: name: Wu, Qiong
name: Wang, Z. X.
name: Liu, Q. M.
name: Li, R. S.
name: Xu, S. X.
name: Yin, Q. W.
name: Gong, C. S.
name: Tu, Z. J.
name: Lei, H. C.
name: Dong, T.
name: Wang, N. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the observation of two-fold rotation symmetry in charge density wave (CDW) state in the newly discovered Kagome superconductor CsV$_3$Sb$_5$. Below its CDW transition temperature ($T_{CDW}$), the polarization rotation of the reflected laser beam promptly emerges and increases close to about 1 mrad, and the rotation angle shows two-fold rotation symmetry. With femtosecond laser pulse pumping, the rotation angle can be easily suppressed and then recovers in several picoseconds accompanied with coherent oscillations. Significantly, the oscillations in the signal also experience a 180 degree periodic change. Our investigation provides clear optical evidence for the formation of nematic order with two-fold rotation symmetry just below $T_{CDW}$. The results imply a immediate development of nematicity and possible time-reversal symmetry breaking in CDW state of CsV$_3$Sb$_5$.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Endbulb synaptic depression within the range of presynaptic spontaneous firing and its impact on the firing reliability of cochlear nucleus bushy neurons
Creators: name: Wang, Yong
name: Manis, Paul B.
name: Ren, Chongyu
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: The majority of auditory nerve fibers exhibit prominent spontaneous activity in the absence of sound. More than half of all auditory nerve fibers in CBA mice have spontaneous firing rates higher than spikes/sec, and some fibers exceeding 100 spikes/sec. We tested whether and to what extent endbulb synapses are depressed by activity between 10 and 100 Hz, within the spontaneous firing rates of auditory nerve fibers. In contrast to rate-dependent depression seen at rates >100 Hz, we found that the extent of depression was essentially rate-independent (~35%) between 10 and 100 Hz. Neither cyclothiazide nor γ-D-glutamylglycine altered the rate-independent depression, arguing against receptor desensitization and/or vesicle depletion as major contributors for the depression. When endbulb synaptic transmission was more than half-blocked with the P/Q Ca2+ channel blocker ω-agatoxin IVA, depression during 25 and 100 Hz trains was significantly attenuated, indicating P/Q Ca2+ channel inactivation may contribute to low frequency synaptic depression. Following conditioning with a 100 Hz Poisson train, the EPSC paired pulse ratio was increased, suggesting a reduced release probability. This in turn should reduce subsequent depletion-based synaptic depression at higher activation rates. To probe whether this conditioning of the synapse improves the reliability of postsynaptic responses, we tested the firing reliability of bushy neurons to 200 Hz stimulation after conditioning the endbulb with a 25 Hz or 100 Hz stimulus train. Although immediately following the conditioning train, bushy cells responded to minimal suprathreshold stimulation less reliably, the firing reliability eventually settled to the same level (<50%) regardless of the presence or absence of the preconditioning. However, when multiple presynaptic fibers were activated simultaneously, the postsynaptic response reliability did not drop significantly below 90%. These results suggest that single endbulb terminals do not reliably trigger action potentials in bushy cells under “normal” operating conditions. We conclude that the endbulb synapses are chronically depressed even by low rates of spontaneous activity, and are more resistant to further depression when challenged with a higher rate of activity. However, there seems to be no beneficial effect as assessed by the firing reliability of postsynaptic neurons for transmitting information about higher rates of activity.
Inhibitory projections from the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus and superior paraolivary nucleus create directional selectivity of frequency modulations in the inferior colliculus: A comparison of bats with other mammals
Creators: name: Xie, Ruili
name: Pollak, George D.
name: Gittelman, Joshua X.
name: Li, Na
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: This review considers four auditory brainstem nuclear groups and shows how studies of both bats and other mammals have provided insights into their response properties and the impact of their convergence in the inferior colliculus (IC). The four groups are octopus cells in the cochlear nucleus, their connections with the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (VNLL) and the superior paraolivary nucleus (SPON), and the connections of the VNLL and SPON with the IC. The theme is that the response properties of neurons in the SPON and VNLL map closely onto the synaptic response features of a unique subpopulation of cells in the IC of bats whose inputs are dominated by inhibition. We propose that the convergence of VNLL and SPON inputs generates the tuning of these IC cells, their unique temporal responses to tones, and their directional selectivities for frequency modulated (FM) sweeps. Other IC neurons form directional properties in other ways, showing that selective response properties are formed in multiple ways. In the final section we discuss why multiple formations of common response properties could amplify differences in population activity patterns evoked by signals that have similar spectrotemporal features.
Short-term plasticity and auditory processing in the ventral cochlear nucleus of normal and hearing-impaired animals
Creators: name: O’Donohue, Heather
name: Wang, Yong
name: Manis, Paul
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: The dynamics of synaptic transmission between neurons plays a major role in neural information processing. In the cochlear nucleus, auditory nerve synapses have a relatively high release probability and show pronounced synaptic depression that, in conjunction with the variability of interspike intervals, shapes the information transmitted to the postsynaptic cells. Cellular mechanisms have been best analyzed at the endbulb synapses, revealing that the recent history of presynaptic activity plays a complex, non-linear, role in regulating release. Emerging evidence suggests that the dynamics of synaptic function differ according to the target neuron within the cochlear nucleus. One consequence of hearing loss is changes in evoked release at surviving auditory nerve synapses, and in some situations spontaneous release is greatly enhanced. In contrast, even with cochlear ablation, postsynaptic excitability is less affected. The existing evidence suggests that different modes of hearing loss can result in different dynamic patterns of synaptic transmission between the auditory nerve and postsynaptic neurons. These changes in dynamics in turn will affect the efficacy with which different kinds of information about the acoustic environment can be processed by the parallel pathways in the cochlear nucleus.
The dominance of inhibition in the inferior colliculus
Creators: name: Xie, Ruili
name: Li, Na
name: Gittelman, Joshua X.
name: Andoni, Sari
name: Pollak, George D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Almost all of the processing that occurs in the various lower auditory nuclei converges upon a common target in the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICc) thus making the ICc the nexus of the auditory system. A variety of new response properties are formed in the ICc through the interactions among the excitatory and inhibitory inputs that converge upon it. Here we review studies that illustrate the dominant role inhibition plays in the ICc. We begin by reviewing studies of tuning curves and show how inhibition shapes the variety of tuning curves in the ICc through sideband inhibition. We then show how inhibition shapes selective response properties for complex signals, focusing on selectivity for the sweep direction of frequency modulations (FM). In the final section we consider results from in vivo whole-cell recordings that show how parameters of the incoming excitation and inhibition interact to shape directional selectivity. We show that post-synaptic potentials (PSPs) evoked by different signals can be similar but evoke markedly different spike-counts. In these cases, spike threshold acts as a non-linear amplifier that converts small differences in PSPs into large differences in spike output. Such differences between the inputs to a cell compared to the outputs from the same cell suggest that highly selective discharge properties can be created by only minor adjustments in the synaptic strengths evoked by one or both signals. These findings also suggest that plasticity of response features may be achieved with far less modifications in circuitry than previously supposed.
Additional analysis on students' group project preferences
Creators: name: Benning, Tim
Publisher: name: Erasmus University Rotterdam (EUR)
Year: 2022
Subjects: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: This file contains a table including the additional analysis related to the article entitled "Reducing free-riding in group projects in line with students' preferences. Does it matter if there is more at stake?"
 A summary of the publication can be found below: Reducing free-riding is an important challenge for educators who use group projects. In this study, we measure students’ preferences for group project characteristics and investigate if characteristics that better help to reduce free-riding become more important for students when stakes increase. We used a discrete choice experiment based on twelve choice tasks in which students chose between two group projects that differed on five characteristics of which each level had its own effect on free-riding. A different group project grade weight was presented before each choice task to manipulate how much there was at stake for students in the group project. Data of 257 student respondents were used in the analysis. Based on random parameter logit model estimates we find that students prefer (in order of importance) assignment based on schedule availability and motivation or self-selection (instead of random assignment), the use of one or two peer process evaluations (instead of zero), a small team size of three or two students (instead of four), a common grade (instead of a divided grade), and a discussion with the course coordinator without a sanction as a method to handle free-riding (instead of member expulsion). Furthermore, we find that the characteristic team formation approach becomes even more important (especially self-selection) when student stakes increase. Educators can use our findings to design group projects that better help to reduce free-riding by (1) avoiding random assignment as team formation approach, (2) using (one or two) peer process evaluations, and (3) creating small(er) teams.
Fast and Credible Likelihood-Free Cosmology with Truncated Marginal Neural Ratio Estimation
Creators: name: Cole, Alex
name: Miller, Benjamin Kurt
name: Witte, Samuel J.
name: Cai, Maxwell X.
name: Grootes, Meiert W.
name: Nattino, Francesco
name: Weniger, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Sampling-based inference techniques are central to modern cosmological data analysis; these methods, however, scale poorly with dimensionality and typically require approximate or intractable likelihoods. In this paper we describe how Truncated Marginal Neural Ratio Estimation (TMNRE) (a new approach in so-called simulation-based inference) naturally evades these issues, improving the $(i)$ efficiency, $(ii)$ scalability, and $(iii)$ trustworthiness of the inferred posteriors. Using measurements of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), we show that TMNRE can achieve converged posteriors using orders of magnitude fewer simulator calls than conventional Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods. Remarkably, the required number of samples is effectively independent of the number of nuisance parameters. In addition, a property called \emph{local amortization} allows the performance of rigorous statistical consistency checks that are not accessible to sampling-based methods. TMNRE promises to become a powerful tool for cosmological data analysis, particularly in the context of extended cosmologies, where the timescale required for conventional sampling-based inference methods to converge can greatly exceed that of simple cosmological models such as $Λ$CDM. To perform these computations, we use an implementation of TMNRE via the open-source code \texttt{swyft}.
description: v2: accepted journal version. v1: 37 pages, 13 figures. \texttt{swyft} is available at https://github.com/undark-lab/swyft, and demonstration code for cosmological examples is available at https://github.com/acole1221/swyft-CMB
Direct products in projective Segre codes
Creators: name: Tochimani, Azucena
name: Pinto, Maria Vaz
name: Villarreal, Rafael H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 13P25, 15A78, 14G50, 94B27

description: Let K=Fq be a finite field. We introduce a family of projective Reed-Muller-type codes called projective Segre codes. Using commutative algebra and linear algebra methods, we study their basic parameters and show that they are direct products of projective Reed-Muller-type codes. As a consequence we recover some results on projective Reed-Muller-type codes over the Segre variety and over projective tori.
Binaural beat salience
Creators: name: Buss, Emily
name: Grose, John H.
name: Hall, Joseph W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Previous studies of binaural beats have noted individual variability and response lability, but little attention has been paid to the salience of the binaural beat percept. The purpose of this study was to gauge the strength of the binaural beat percept by matching its salience to that of sinusoidal amplitude modulation (SAM), and to then compare rate discrimination for the two types of fluctuation. Rate discrimination was measured for standard rates of 4, 8, 16, and 32 Hz – all in the 500-Hz carrier region. Twelve normal-hearing adults participated in this study. The results indicated that discrimination acuity for binaural beats is similar to that for SAM tones whose depths of modulation have been adjusted to provide equivalent modulation salience. The matched-salience SAM tones had relatively shallow depths of modulation, suggesting that the perceptual strength of binaural beats is relatively weak, although all listeners perceived them. The Weber fraction for detection of an increase in binaural beat rate is roughly constant across beat rates, at least for rates above 4 Hz, as is rate discrimination for SAM tones.
Computational acquisition of knowledge in small-data environments: a case study in the field of energetics
Creators: name: O'Brien, Sinead
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: The UK’s defence industry is accelerating its implementation of artificial intelligence, including expert systems and natural language processing (NLP) tools designed to supplement human analysis. This thesis examines the limitations of NLP tools in small-data environments (common in defence) in the defence-related energetic-materials domain. A literature review identifies the domain-specific challenges of developing an expert system (specifically an ontology). The absence of domain resources such as labelled datasets and, most significantly, the preprocessing of text resources are identified as challenges. To address the latter, a novel general-purpose preprocessing pipeline specifically tailored for the energetic-materials domain is developed. The effectiveness of the pipeline is evaluated. Examination of the interface between using NLP tools in data-limited environments to either supplement or replace human analysis completely is conducted in a study examining the subjective concept of importance. A methodology for directly comparing the ability of NLP tools and experts to identify important points in the text is presented. Results show the participants of the study exhibit little agreement, even on which points in the text are important. The NLP, expert (author of the text being examined) and participants only agree on general statements. However, as a group, the participants agreed with the expert. In data-limited environments, the extractive-summarisation tools examined cannot effectively identify the important points in a technical document akin to an expert. A methodology for the classification of journal articles by the technology readiness level (TRL) of the described technologies in a data-limited environment is proposed. Techniques to overcome challenges with using real-world data such as class imbalances are investigated. A methodology to evaluate the reliability of human annotations is presented. Analysis identifies a lack of agreement and consistency in the expert evaluation of document TRL.
MPEC 2023-U152 : 2023 UF3
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 UF3

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Additional file 1 of Quantitative relationship between plume emission and multiple deflations after the 2014 phreatic eruption at Ontake volcano, Japan
Creators: name: Narita, Shohei
name: Murakami, Makoto
name: Tanaka, Ryo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Text S1. The Effect of fluid compressibility on time function of the plume discharge. Figure S1. Time function of ∆m(t) when considering temporal change in ρβ (dashed lines) for combination of different values of source compressibility (βc), porosity (φ) and volumetric liquid fraction (S). These are plotted for both of independent satellite paths. Solid line corresponds to ∆m(t) without temporal changes in $$\rho \left( t \right)$$ρt and $$\beta_{\text{f}} \left( t \right)$$βft which means that fluid is incompressible. ∆m(t) on the vertical axis is normalized by its maximum value. τmin shows the smallest value of the relaxation time among the plotted curves in each figure. Text S2. Realistic value of Compressibility of Deformation source ($$\beta_{\text{c}}$$βc). Text S3. Effect of poroelasticity on estimate of thermodynamic state at the shallow reservoir. Figure S2. Calculated $$\rho \beta_{\text{p}}$$ρβp values for the shallow reservoir using the formulation of Juncu et al. (2019). Blue and red colors indicate hydrostatic and lithostatic pressure condition at 500-m depth, respectively. Circles and triangles correspond to reservoir porosity of 0.1 and 0.5, respectively. Solid and outlined symbols show two- or single-phase state, respectively. Dashed lines show upper limit value of $$\rho \beta_{\text{p}}$$ρβp. Gray shaded area indicates possible range of allowable $$\rho \beta_{\text{p}}$$ρβp values. Text S4. Calculation of the contraction in the TO baseline using the sill-like source model. Figure S3. Location map of the horizontal crack source suggested by Murase et al. (2016) (a black rectangle) and of GNSS stations (black diamonds). Black dashed lines show GNSS baselines used for the calculation. Figure S4. Time series of length change in the four baselines from 28 September 2014 and length change predicted by the crack model of Murase et al. (2016). Red, yellow and blue bars correspond to crack closing of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 m, respectively. Miyaoka and Takagi (2016) highlight that Otiai–Outaki baseline includes non-negligible amount of tectonic deformation, which appears as compressional change along the direction of northwest and southeast. We evaluated and subtracted the tectonic trend included in Otiai–Outaki baseline from the raw data of Otiai–Outaki baseline using GEONET data around Mount Ontake. We chose the GEONET data that include no volcano-related and seismicity-related deformation, only tectonic deformation, from 2012 to 2018. Table S1. The source model of Murase et al. (2016).
Inflaton-driven early dark energy
Creators: name: Maziashvili, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By arranging the control parameters, we examine whether the mass varying neutrino model PRD 103, 063540 (2021), enabling one to unify inflation with the present dark energy, can be used for producing an early dark energy. The model works in the following way. At early stages of the Big-Bang, the inflaton trapped in the minimum at $ϕ= 0$ gets uplifted due to interaction with neutrinos and starts to roll down to one of the degenerate minima of the effective potential and after a while gets anchored at this minimum, which in turn evolves in time very slowly. Correspondingly, the early dark energy taking place as a result of this dynamical symmetry breaking also varies in time very slowly. Shortly before the recombination epoch, however, the symmetry is restored and early dark energy disappears. A typical problem of the mass varying neutrino models is that they can hardly provide the needed amount of early dark energy at the tree-level because of smallness of neutrino masses. Nevertheless, the quantum fluctuations of $ϕ$ can do the job in providing sufficient early dark energy under assumption that inflationary energy scale is of the order of $1$\,TeV. Radiative as well as thermal corrections coming from the neutrino sector do not affect the model significantly. As for the gravity induced corrections to the effective potential - they can be safely ignored.
description: 8 pages
Scale invariance implies conformal invariance for the three-dimensional Ising model
Creators: name: Delamotte, Bertrand
name: Tissier, Matthieu
name: Wschebor, Nicolás
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using Wilson renormalization group, we show that if no integrated vector operator of scaling dimension $-1$ exists, then scale invariance implies conformal invariance. By using the Lebowitz inequalities, we prove that this necessary condition is fulfilled in all dimensions for the Ising universality class. This shows, in particular, that scale invariance implies conformal invariance for the three-dimensional Ising model.
description: Phys. Rev. E 93, 012144 (2016)
ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORDS ANALYSIS OF LEPROSY PATIENTS USING MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES
Creators: name: JALPA DARSHIT MEHTA
name: Dr. MUKESH KALLA
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Electronic Health Records, Natural Language Processing, Clinical notes, Machine Learning, Support Vector Machine, Logistic Regression, K-nearest neighbor, Rule based classification, SNOMED-CT, Random Forest

description: Abstract
Electronic Health Records (EHRs) are rapidly being implemented by health care providers in the recent years. This has given rise to increase in the availability and quality of EHR data.  Leprosy is one of the main public health problems and listed among the neglected tropical diseases in India. It is also called Hansen's Diseases (HD), which could be a long-term contamination by microorganisms, mycobacterium leprae. The delay in the diagnosis of leprosy can lead to increase disability rate among various patients. This paper intends to identify type of leprosy by applying Machine Learning based classification techniques on various leprosy cases from the first sign of symptoms recorded in clinical text included in Electronic Health Records (EHRs). Electronic Health Records (EHRs) of Leprosy patients from verified sources have been generated. The clinical notes included in EHRs have been processed through various Natural Language Processing techniques. In order to predict type of leprosy, Rule based classification method has been applied in this paper. Further the classification results of various Machine Learning (ML) algorithms like Support Vector Machine (SVM), Logistic regression (LR), K-nearest neighbor (KNN) and Random Forest (RF) are compared and their performance parameters are analyzed.
Dynamics on nilpotent character varieties
Creators: name: Burelle, Jean-Philippe
name: Lawton, Sean
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14M35, 22D40, 20F18, 22F50 (Primary) 14L30, 37A25 (Secondary)

description: Let R(N,G) be the connected component of the identity of the variety of representations of a finitely generated nilpotent group N into a connected compact Lie group G, and let X(N,G) be the corresponding moduli space. We show that there exists a natural Out(N)-invariant measure on X(N,G) and that whenever Out(N) has at least one hyperbolic element, the action of Out(N) on X(N,G) is mixing with respect to this measure.
description: 17 pages, Version 2 has minor updates and corrections, accepted for publication in Conformal Geometry and Dynamics
Effects of masker envelope irregularities on tone detection in narrowband and broadband noise maskers
Creators: name: Grose, John H.
name: Hall, Joseph W.
name: Buss, Emily
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Introducing coherent masker envelope modulation to frequency regions neighboring the signal frequency can reduce detection thresholds for a pure-tone signal. Verhey and Ernst (2009) reported that irregular masker modulation conferred greater benefit than regular modulation when the masker was broadband, but that there was no difference when the masker was narrowband. The present study evaluated two possible explanations for this result: one based on modulation adaptation and the other based on the introduction of relatively long-duration modulation minima in the irregular masker modulation condition. The first experiment replicated the results of Verhey and Ernst (2009), but also included conditions in which a 12.5-ms signal was presented in a 12.5-ms modulation minimum, which was exempt from envelope jitter. The second experiment used a continuous masker and suspended jitter during epochs associated with either a 12.5- or 87.5-ms signal. No benefit of masker envelope irregularity before or after the signal was observed in either experiment. These findings are inconsistent with an explanation based on modulation adaptation, implicating instead the introduction of relatively long-duration modulation minima in the large masking release obtained for a long-duration signal in an irregularly modulated masker.
Frequency modulation detection as a measure of temporal processing: Age-related monaural and binaural effects
Creators: name: Mamo, Sara K.
name: Grose, John H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: The detection of low-rate frequency modulation (FM) carried by a low-frequency tone has been employed as a means of assessing the fidelity of temporal fine structure coding. Detection of low-rate FM can be made more acute, relative to the monaural case, by the addition of a pure tone to the contralateral ear. This study examined whether FM detection in the 500-Hz region could be further improved by using a binaural stimulation mode where the modulator was antiphasic across the two ears. The study also sought to determine whether these dichotic FM conditions were beneficial in identifying the emergence of a temporal fine structure processing deficiency relatively early in the aging process. Young, mid-aged, and older listeners (n = 12 per group) were tested. The results demonstrated better FM acuity in the dichotic task irrespective of listener age. Dichotic FM detection also differentiated between age groups more definitively than diotic detection, especially in terms of distinguishing mid-aged from older listeners. In the group of older listeners, dichotic FM detection was weakly associated with absolute sensitivity to the carrier. In addition, this group failed to show a dichotic benefit in the presence of a marked asymmetry in sensation level across ears. The overall pattern of results suggests that dichotic FM measurements have advantages over monaural measurements for the purposes of assessing age-related temporal processing effects, although a marked asymmetry in absolute thresholds across ears could undermine these advantages.
Hydrodynamic model of decaying radial oscillations in RU Cam
Creators: name: Fadeyev, Yuri A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Calculations of stellar evolution up to the early white dwarf stage were carried out for stars with mass on the main sequence $M_0=0.82M_\odot$, $0.85M_\odot$, $0.9M_\odot$ and with initial abundances of helium and heavier elements $Y=0.25$ and $Z=10^{-3}$, respectively. For each value of $M_0$ the AGB and post--AGB evolutionary phases were computed with three values of the mass loss parameter in the Blöcker formula: $η_B=0.02$, 0.05 and 0.1. The variable star RU~Cam with pulsation period $Π\approx 22$ day is shown to be in the post--AGB stage and the pulsation amplitude decrease in years 1962--1963 is due to movement of the star across the HR diagram beyond the pulsation instability region. Theoretical estimates of the mass and the luminosity of RU~Cam are $0.524M_\odot\le M\le 0.532M_\odot$ and $2.20\times 10^3L_\odot\le L\le 2.33\times 10^3L_\odot$, respectively. Hydrodynamic calculations of nonlinear stellar pulsations show that while the star approaches the instability boundary a significant reduction ($\approx 90\%$) in the pulsation amplitude occurs for nearly two years with subsequent slow decay of low--amplitude oscillations. Solution of the equations of hydrodynamics with time--dependent inner boundary conditions describing evolutionary changes in the radius and the luminosity at the bottom of the pulsating envelope allows us to conclude that decay of radial oscillations in RU~Cam is accompanied by the effect of oscillation hysteresis. In particular, the stage of large--amplitude limit cycle oscillations extends by $\approx 12$ years and the subsequent stage of decaying small--amplitude oscilations spreads beyond the formal boundary of pulsation instability.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures, accepted to Astronomy Letters
Prediction of frequencies in thermosolutal convection from mean flows
Creators: name: Turton, Sam E.
name: Tuckerman, Laurette S.
name: Barkley, Dwight
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by studies of the cylinder wake, in which the vortex-shedding frequency can be obtained from the mean flow, we study thermosolutal convection driven by opposing thermal and solutal gradients. In the archetypal two-dimensional geometry with horizontally periodic and vertical no-slip boundary conditions, branches of traveling waves and standing waves are created simultaneously by a Hopf bifurcation. Consistent with similar analyses performed on the cylinder wake, we find that the traveling waves of thermosolutal convection have the RZIF property, meaning that linearization about the mean fields of the traveling waves yields an eigenvalue whose real part is almost zero and whose imaginary part corresponds very closely to the nonlinear frequency. In marked contrast, linearization about the mean field of the standing waves yields neither zero growth nor the nonlinear frequency. It is shown that this difference can be attributed to the fact that the temporal power spectrum for the traveling waves is peaked, while that of the standing waves is broad. We give a general demonstration that the frequency of any quasi-monochromatic oscillation can be predicted from its temporal mean.
A General Design Framework for MIMO Wireless Energy Transfer with Limited Feedback
Creators: name: Xu, Jie
name: Zhang, Rui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multi-antenna or multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technique can significantly improve the efficiency of radio frequency (RF) signal enabled wireless energy transfer (WET). To fully exploit the energy beamforming gain at the energy transmitter (ET), the knowledge of channel state information (CSI) is essential, which, however, is difficult to be obtained in practice due to the hardware limitation of the energy receiver (ER). To overcome this difficulty, under a point-to-point MIMO WET setup, this paper proposes a general design framework for a new type of channel learning method based on the ER's energy measurement and feedback. Specifically, the ER measures and encodes the harvested energy levels over different training intervals into bits, and sends them to the ET via a feedback link of limited rate. Based on the energy-level feedback, the ET adjusts transmit beamforming in subsequent training intervals and obtains refined estimates of the MIMO channel by leveraging the technique of analytic center cutting plane method (ACCPM) in convex optimization. Under this general design framework, we further propose two specific feedback schemes termed energy quantization and energy comparison, where the feedback bits at each interval are generated at the ER by quantizing the measured energy level at the current interval and comparing it with those in the previous intervals, respectively. Numerical results are provided to compare the performance of the two feedback schemes. It is shown that energy quantization performs better when the number of feedback bits per interval is large, while energy comparison is more effective with small number of feedback bits.
description: This is a longer version of a paper to appear in IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
Impact of a disease-management program on symptom burden and health-related quality of life in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and their care partners
Creators: name: Gibson, Kevin F.
name: Song, Mi-Kyung
name: Kaminski, Naftali
name: Zullo, Thomas G.
name: Olshansky, Ellen
name: Lindell, Kathleen Oare
name: Hoffman, Leslie A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Patients were recruited from the Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, located within the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis results in scarring of the lung and respiratory failure, and has a median survival of 3 to 5 years from the time of diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to determine whether patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and their care partners could be more optimally managed by a disease-management intervention entitled “Program to Reduce Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Symptoms and Improve Management,” which nurses delivered using the format of a support group. We hypothesized that participation would improve perceptions of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and decrease symptom burden.
Rurality and event-free survival in patients with heart failure
Creators: name: Lennie, Terry A.
name: Chung, Misook L.
name: Wu, Jia-Rong
name: Riegel, Barbara
name: Moser, Debra K.
name: Rayens, Mary Kay
name: De Jong, Marla J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Evidence of health disparities between urban and rural populations usually favors urban dwellers. Unknown is the impact of rurality on heart failure (HF) outcomes.
An elementary proof of convergence to the mean-field equations for an epidemic model
Creators: name: Armbruster, Benjamin
name: Beck, Ekkehard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: It is common to use a compartmental, fluid model described by a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) to model disease spread. In addition to their simplicity, these models are also the mean-field approximations of more accurate stochastic models of disease spread on contact networks. For the simplest case of a stochastic susceptible-infected-susceptible (SIS) process (infection with recovery) on a complete network, it has been shown that the fraction of infected nodes converges to the mean-field ODE as the number of nodes increases. However the proofs are not simple, requiring sophisticated probability, partial differential equations (PDE), or infinite systems of ODEs. We provide a short proof in this case for convergence in mean-square on finite time-intervals using a system of two ODEs and a moment inequality and also obtain the first lower bound on the expected fraction of infected nodes.
Narrow bands in magnetic field and strong-coupling Hofstadter spectra
Creators: name: Wang, Xiaoyu
name: Vafek, Oskar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a new, efficient, and general method to determine the Hofstadter spectrum of isolated narrow bands. The method works for topological as well as for trivial narrow bands by projecting the zero $\mathbf{B}$-field hybrid Wannier states -- which are localized in one direction and Bloch extended in another direction -- onto a representation of the magnetic translation group in the Landau gauge. We then apply this method to find, for the first time, the Hofstadter spectrum for the exact single particle charged excitations in the strong coupling limit of the magic angle twisted bilayer graphene at the charge neutrality point and at $|ν|=2$ down to low magnetic fields when the flux through the moiré unit cell is only $\sim 1/25$ of the electronic flux quantum i.e. $\sim 1$T at the first magic angle. The resulting spectra provide a means to investigate Landau quantization of the quasiparticles even if their dispersion is interaction induced.
description: Version 2 with 17 pages and 10 figures. Strong coupling excitation spectra (heavy hole and light electron) at nu=2, and supplementary material added
Depressive symptoms and poor social support have a synergistic effect on event-free survival in patients with heart failure
Creators: name: Wu, Jia-Rong
name: Lennie, Terry A.
name: Moser, Debra K.
name: Chung, Misook L.
name: Dekker, Rebecca L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Depressive symptoms and poor social support are predictors of increased morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure (HF). However, the combined contribution of depressive symptoms and social support event-free survival of patients with HF has not been examined.
An Approach for Self-Adaptive Path Loss Modeling for Accurate Positioning in Underground Environments
Creators: name: Osipov, Evgeny
name: Kleyko, Denis
name: Shapin, Alexey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper proposes a real-time self-adaptive approach for accurate path loss estimation in underground mines or tunnels based on signal strength measurements from heterogeneous radio communication technologies. The proposed model features simplicity of implementation. The methodology was validated in simulations as well as was verified by measurements taken in real environments. The proposed method leverages accuracy of positioning matching to the existing approaches while requiring smaller engineering efforts.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures
An Empirical Analysis on Market Differentiation between Hanwoo and Imported Beef
Creators: name: Lee, Hyungwoo
name: Lee, Hyungwoo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: beef retail price
subject: market differentiation
subject: cointegration test

description: This study analyzes market differentiation issues between Hanwoo and an imported beef market using cointegration test, VECM analysis and demand function estimation. According to our cointegration test and VECM analysis, separability between Hanwoo and imported chilled-beef is low. The Hanwoo market is closely related with US beef than Australian beef. As results of Hanwoo demand functions, prices of chilled beef are estimated to have a relatively larger impact on Hanwoo demand than prices of frozen beef. Also, imported substitution elasticity of rib demand function is greater than imported substitution elasticity of sirloin and bulgogi.
Data Augmentation for Mental Health Classification on Social Media
Creators: name: Ansari, Gunjan
name: Garg, Muskan
name: Saxena, Chandni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The mental disorder of online users is determined using social media posts. The major challenge in this domain is to avail the ethical clearance for using the user generated text on social media platforms. Academic re searchers identified the problem of insufficient and unlabeled data for mental health classification. To handle this issue, we have studied the effect of data augmentation techniques on domain specific user generated text for mental health classification. Among the existing well established data augmentation techniques, we have identified Easy Data Augmentation (EDA), conditional BERT, and Back Translation (BT) as the potential techniques for generating additional text to improve the performance of classifiers. Further, three different classifiers Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Logistic Regression (LR) are employed for analyzing the impact of data augmentation on two publicly available social media datasets. The experiments mental results show significant improvements in classifiers performance when trained on the augmented data.
description: 10
Generalized Yang-Mills Theory and Gravity
Creators: name: Ho, Pei-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a generalization of Yang-Mills theory for which the symmetry algebra does not have to be factorized as mutually commuting algebras of a finite-dimensional Lie algebra and the algebra of functions on base space. The algebra of diffeomorphism can be constructed as an example, and a class of gravity theories can be interpreted as generalized Yang-Mills theories. These theories in general include a graviton, a dilaton and a rank-2 antisymmetric field, although Einstein gravity is also included as a special case. We present calculations suggesting that the connection in scattering amplitudes between Yang-Mills theory and gravity via BCJ duality can be made more manifest in this formulation.
description: 25 pages, Latex, reference added, minor modification