cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Constraining the topology of the Universe using the polarised CMB maps
Creators: name: Bielewicz, P.
name: Banday, A. J.
name: Gorski, K. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the possibility for constraining the topology of the Universe by means of the matched circles statistic applied to polarised cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy maps. The advantages of using the CMB polarisation maps in studies of the topology over simply analysing the temperature data as has been done to-date are clearly demonstrated. We test our algorithm to search for pairs of matched circles on simulated CMB maps for a universe with the topology of 3-torus. It is found that the noise levels of both Planck and next generation CMB experiments data are no longer prohibitive and should be low enough to enable the use of the polarisation maps for such studies. For such experiments the minimum radius of the back-to-back matched circles which can be detected are determined. We also showed that the polarisation generated after reionisation does not have an impact on detectability of the matched circles.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, published in MNRAS, this research was supported by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-08-CEXC-0002-01). arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1012.3549
Effects of image charges, interfacial charge discreteness, and surface roughness on the zeta potential of spherical electric double layers
Creators: name: Gan, Zecheng
name: Xing, Xiangjun
name: Xu, Zhenli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effects of image charges, interfacial charge discreteness, and surface roughness on spherical electric double layers in electrolyte solutions with divalent counter-ions in the setting of the primitive model. By using Monte Carlo simulations and the image charge method, the zeta potential profile and the integrated charge distribution function are computed for varying surface charge strengths and salt concentrations. Systematic comparisons were carried out between three distinct models for interfacial charges: 1) SURF1 with uniform surface charges, 2) SURF2 with discrete point charges on the interface, and 3) SURF3 with discrete interfacial charges and finite excluded volume. By comparing the integrated charge distribution function (ICDF) and potential profile, we argue that the potential at the distance of one ion diameter from the macroion surface is a suitable location to define the zeta potential. In SURF2 model, we find that image charge effects strongly enhance charge inversion for monovalent interfacial charges, and strongly suppress charge inversion for multivalent interfacial charges. For SURF3, the image charge effect becomes much smaller. Finally, with image charges in action, we find that excluded volumes (in SURF3) suppress charge inversion for monovalent interfacial charges and enhance charge inversion for multivalent interfacial charges. Overall, our results demonstrate that all these aspects, i.e., image charges, interfacial charge discreteness, their excluding volumes have significant impacts on the zeta potential, and thus the structure of electric double layers.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures, some errors are changed
title: Burgfrieden/Union sacrée
title: Burgfrieden/Union sacrée
Creators: name: Krumeich, Gerd
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Burgfriede [Politik]
subject: Geschichte 1914
subject: Deutschland
subject: Frankreich
subject: Germany--Politics and government--20th century
subject: France--Politics and government--1914-1940
subject: Patriotism

description: France and Germany remained principal protagonists of the First World War. This essay will examine the reasons why both nations believed they were in a legitimate war of defense, for which domestic unity was the indispensable precondition. The essay will also address the related question of how strong or tenuous this consensus about national defense remained over the course of the war.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
BRST Invariant Higher Derivative Operators in 4D Quantum Gravity based on CFT
Creators: name: Hamada, Ken-ji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We continue the study of physical fields for the background free 4D quantum gravity based on the Riegert-Wess-Zumino action, developed in Phys. Rev. D {\bf 85} (2012) 024028. The background free model is formulated in terms of a certain conformal field theory on M^4 in which conformal symmetry arises as gauge symmetry, namely diffeomorphism invariance. In this paper, we construct the physical field operator corresponding to any integer power of Ricci scalar curvature in the context of the BRST quantization. We also discuss how to define the correlation function and its physical meanings.
description: 22 pages, minor typo corrected, published version
Additional file 1 of Antithrombotic therapy in coronary artery disease patients with atrial fibrillation
Creators: name: Wei, Lili
name: Su, Enyong
name: Liu, Weili
name: Xing, Wenlu
name: Liu, Xinyun
name: Zhang, You
name: Wang, Shan
name: Cheng, Qianqian
name: Qi, Datun
name: Gao, Chuanyu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology
subject: Virology

description: Additional file 1: Supplement Table 1. Warfarin duration and Levels of INR in patients at discharge.
Parathyce Hardy 1974
Creators: name: Allsopp, Peter G.
name: Schoolmeesters, Paul
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Scarabaeidae
Parathyce

description: Parathyce Hardy, 1974.
Type species Plectrodes carpenteri LeConte, 1876, by original designation.
Synonymy by Zídek (2006).
description: Published as part of Allsopp, Peter G. & Schoolmeesters, Paul, 2024, All genera of the world: Subfamilies Prototroginae, Cretoscarabaeinae, Dynamopodinae, Electrorubesopsinae, Phaenomeridinae, Orphninae, Allidiostomatinae, Aclopinae, Lichniinae, Melolonthinae, Oncerinae, Podolasiinae, Sericinae, Sericoidinae (Animalia: Arthropoda: Insecta: Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), pp. 104-175 in Megataxa 12 (1) on page 123, DOI: 10.11646/megataxa.12.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/14984437
Oligocene basking sharks (Lamniformes, Cetorhinidae) of the Carpathian Basin with a reconsideration of the role of gill rakers in species diagnostics
Creators: name: Kovalchuk, Oleksandr
name: Barkaszi, Zoltán
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Basking sharks are presented in the modern fauna by a single species (Cetorhinus maximus), although they have been much more diverse in the past. This group of sharks first appeared in the fossil record in the middle Eocene of the Antarctic and the U.S.A., but most of the described extinct taxa are known from the Oligocene and lower Miocene of Europe. Gill rakers are the most abundant among basking shark remains and their morphological details play an important role in species diagnostics. The shape of isolated gill rakers from 16 Oligocene localities of Poland was analyzed using various morphological approaches, including geometric morphometrics. Results indicate that descriptive characters have a wide range of variation and low diagnostic value, and they are associated directly with the position of gill rakers on the gill arch. Morphological indices describe proportions by discrete structures and could be effective only in the identification of the stratigraphically most distant taxa. Geometric morphometrics revealed significant differences between all of the species designated earlier except for †Caucasochasma zherikhini and †Keasius parvus. At the same time, considering the obtained results on morphology along with the geographic distance, Oligocene basking sharks from Poland should be assigned to †K. parvus. Geometric morphometrics of gill rakers supports the taxonomic distinctness of both †K. rhenanus and †K. septemtrionalis. Study results indicate that reliable taxonomic attribution of extinct basking sharks by the shape of gill rakers, in the absence of other skeletal elements (teeth and/or vertebrae), should be sample-based using multivariate approaches.
Dohrniphora foveolata Borgmeier
Creators: name: Brown, Brian V.
name: Kung, Giar-Ann
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Phoridae
Dohrniphora
Dohrniphora foveolata

description: Dohrniphora foveolata Borgmeier
(Figs 165–166)
 Dohrniphora foveolata Borgmeier, 1960: 278, fig. 30.
Holotype. ♂, BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro: Petrópolis, 1.xii.1923, T. Borgmeier [LACM ENT 238321] (MZSP; examined).
Species recognition. This species is easily recognized by the large oval concavity and the elongate group of peglike setae that extends to midlength of the concavity.
Description. Body length: 1.88–1.97 mm. Head: Frons dark brown, second row of setae slightly concave. Flagellomere 1 rounded-oval, brown, lighter mediobasally. Palpus of normal size, yellow. Thorax: Scutum dark brown. Scutellum dark brown, with 2 pairs of setae; anterior seta one-half length of posterior seta. Pleuron dark brown. Mean costal length 0.5 wing length, range 0.48–0.53. Halter yellow. Legs yellowish-brown. Forecoxa in lateral view yellow. Foretibia with 4 dorsal setae. Foretarsomeres slender, elongate. Midcoxa dark brown. Hind coxa yellowish-brown. Hind coxal lobe light brown, short, truncate. Posterior face of hind femur with elongate basal group of peglike setae extending to midpoint of concavity; concavity oval, large (Figs 165–166). Abdomen: Abdominal tergite 1 brown, tergites 2–6 dark brown. Venter of abdomen gray, with few setae, larger on posterior margin of segment 5. Male terminalia dark brown, except cercus yellow.
Distribution. South America.
Other material examined. 13♂ specimens from the following localities: BRAZIL: Amazonas: Manaus (INPA, LACM). COLOMBIA: Amazonas: PNN Amacayacu (LACM, IAVH). ECUADOR: Napo: Yasuni Research Station (LACM).
description: Published as part of Brown, Brian V. & Kung, Giar-Ann, 2010, 2699, pp. 1-142 in Zootaxa 2699 on page 77
Maximum edge-cuts in cubic graphs with large girth and in random cubic graphs
Creators: name: Kardos, Frantisek
name: Kral, Daniel
name: Volec, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show that for every cubic graph G with sufficiently large girth there exists a probability distribution on edge-cuts of G such that each edge is in a randomly chosen cut with probability at least 0.88672. This implies that G contains an edge-cut of size at least 1.33008n, where n is the number of vertices of G, and has fractional cut covering number at most 1.127752. The lower bound on the size of maximum edge-cut also applies to random cubic graphs. Specifically, a random n-vertex cubic graph a.a.s. contains an edge cut of size 1.33008n.
title: Great Britain
title: Great Britain
Creators: name: Badsey, Stephen
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Großbritannien
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: World War, 1914-1918--Great Britain

description: Great Britain was with its Empire the most powerful of the major belligerents, the most politically and socially stable, and the best able to endure the strains of the war. Its great naval, financial and diplomatic strengths were critical to the Allied victory. Its unprecedented creation of a mass army was a major strain, and victory required progressive government involvement in economic and social matters. The immediate effect of the war was to slightly flatten the country’s social structure, but other effects are disputed. In political and military terms Great Britain was a substantial winner from the war, and except in relation to the United States it emerged stronger than before.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Optimal Resource Allocation and Relay Selection in Bandwidth Exchange Based Cooperative Forwarding
Creators: name: Islam, Muhammad Nazmul
name: Mandayam, Narayan
name: Kompella, Sastry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we investigate joint optimal relay selection and resource allocation under bandwidth exchange (BE) enabled incentivized cooperative forwarding in wireless networks. We consider an autonomous network where N nodes transmit data in the uplink to an access point (AP) / base station (BS). We consider the scenario where each node gets an initial amount (equal, optimal based on direct path or arbitrary) of bandwidth, and uses this bandwidth as a flexible incentive for two hop relaying. We focus on alpha-fair network utility maximization (NUM) and outage reduction in this environment. Our contribution is two-fold. First, we propose an incentivized forwarding based resource allocation algorithm which maximizes the global utility while preserving the initial utility of each cooperative node. Second, defining the link weight of each relay pair as the utility gain due to cooperation (over noncooperation), we show that the optimal relay selection in alpha-fair NUM reduces to the maximum weighted matching (MWM) problem in a non-bipartite graph. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithms provide 20- 25% gain in spectral efficiency and 90-98% reduction in outage probability.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
The portfolio problem with present value modelled by a discrete trapezoidal fuzzy number
Creators: name: PIASECKI, Krzysztof
name: SIWEK, Joanna
Publisher: name: Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław University of Economics, Polish Operational and Systems Research Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: portfolio, present value, discrete trapezoidal fuzzy number, discount factor

description: OPERATIONS RESEARCH AND DECISIONS; ISSN 2081-8858
Stability of Affine G-varieties and Irreducibility in Reductive Groups
Creators: name: Casimiro, Ana
name: Florentino, Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14M15, 14D20, 14H60

description: Let $G$ be a reductive affine algebraic group, and let $X$ be an affine algebraic $G$-variety. We establish a (poly)stability criterion for points $x\in X$ in terms of intrinsically defined closed subgroups $H_{x}$ of $G$, and relate it with the numerical criterion of Mumford, and with Richardson and Bate-Martin-Röhrle criteria, in the case $X=G^{N}$. Our criterion builds on a close analogue of a theorem of Mundet and Schmitt on polystability and allows the generalization to the algebraic group setting of results of Johnson-Millson and Sikora about complex representation varieties of finitely presented groups. By well established results, it also provides a restatement of the non-abelian Hodge theorem in terms of stability notions.
description: 29 pages. To appear in Int. J. Math. Note: this version 4 is identical with version 2 (version 3 is empty)
title: Piave, Battles of
title: Piave, Battles of
Creators: name: Marcuzzi, Stefano
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Piaveschlachten
subject: Piave, 2nd Battle of the, Italy, 1918

description: The two battles of the River Piave were fought between 10 November and 25 December 1917, and 15-23 June 1918, respectively. The Austro-Hungarian army, supported by German units, tried to bring about the final collapse of Italy. Both offensives were repulsed, marking a turning point in World War I on the Italian front.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Energy prosumers: profiling the energy microgeneration market in Lower Silesia, Poland
Creators: name: ROPUSZYŃSKA-SURMA, Edyta
name: WĘGLARZ, Magdalena
name: SZWABIŃSKI, Janusz
Publisher: name: Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław University of Economics, Polish Operational and Systems Research Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: energy microgeneration, renewable energy, prosumer, decision tree, customer profiling

description: OPERATIONS RESEARCH AND DECISIONS; ISSN 2081-8858
title: Victor Emmanuel III, King of Italy
title: Victor Emmanuel III, King of Italy
Creators: name: Marcuzzi, Stefano
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Viktor Emanuel [III., Italien, König]
subject: Victor Emmanuel III, King of Italy, 1869-1947

description: Victor Emmanuel III played an important, if often overlooked part in Italy’s decision to intervene in World War I on the side of the Entente. During the war, he managed to solve two political crises and to defend Italy’s position within the Entente after the Caporetto disaster.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
title: Ruhr Occupation
title: Ruhr Occupation
Creators: name: Fischer, Conan
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Ruhrkampf
subject: Ruhr (Germany : Region)--History--French occupation, 1923-1925

description: The 1923-1925 Ruhr occupation by France and Belgium was triggered when Germany defaulted on its reparations obligations. A passive resistance campaign obstructed the invaders but collapsed in September 1923. Both sides incurred significant costs and came to appreciate that a process of rapprochement might better serve their national interests.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Plotting the Differences Between Data and Expectation
Creators: name: Choudalakis, Georgios
name: Casadei, Diego
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article proposes a way to improve the presentation of histograms where data are compared to expectation. Sometimes, it is difficult to judge by eye whether the difference between the bin content and the theoretical expectation (provided by either a fitting function or another histogram) is just due to statistical fluctuations. More importantly, there could be statistically significant deviations which are completely invisible in the plot. We propose to add a small inset at the bottom of the plot, in which the statistical significance of the deviation observed in each bin is shown. Even though the numerical routines which we developed have only illustration purposes, it comes out that they are based on formulae which could be used to perform statistical inference in a proper way. An implementation of our computation is available at https://github.com/dcasadei/psde .
description: 10 pages, 7 figures. CODE: https://github.com/dcasadei/psde
Chemical constituents of Impatiens chapaensis Tard. and their α-glucosidase inhibition activities
Creators: name: Linh, Nguyen Thi Thuy
name: Thuy, Trinh Thi
name: Tam, Nguyen Thanh
name: Cham, Ba Thi
name: Tam, Khieu Thi
name: Sa, Nguyen Hoang
name: Thao, Do Thi
name: Chinh, Vu Tien
name: Anh, Nguyen Thi Hoang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Science Policy
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Sixteen compounds (1-16) were isolated from Impatiens chapaensis. Chemical structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses and comparisons with previously published data. This report is the first to identify compounds 1, 5–7, 10, 12–14, and 16 from the genus Impatiens. Seven chosen isolates (5, 7, 10, 11, 12, 15, and 16) were submitted for α-glucosidase inhibition assays with acarbose as the positive control (IC50 = 227.14 ± 13.71 µM). Flavonoid 5 exhibited a significant inhibitory effect (IC50 = 101.00 ± 9.01 µM).
THE BIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF CRYPTIC LOCAL ADAPTATION AND CONTEMPORARY EVOLUTION
Creators: name: Sparks, Morgan M
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biological adaptation
Evolutionary ecology
Life histories
Freshwater ecology
Genomics

description: Evolution is the foundation for all of biology. However, our approaches and understanding of evolution—simply, the change of allele frequencies from one generation to the next—have themselves evolved over time. In this dissertation I explore multiple approaches to understand evolution and the consequences of evolution across variable scales and study organisms. First, I use meta-analytic techniques and Bayesian hierarchical models to investigate the phenotypic consequences of two forms of cryptic local adaptation, co- and countergradient variation, by leveraging a decades-old quantitative genetics approach (Chapter 1). I find large effects for both co- and countergradient variation, however they are obscured in natural settings by concurrent large environmental effects. I also show that these large effects are ubiquitous across phenotypic traits, organisms, and environmental gradients, suggesting that while similar phenotypes may be the evolutionary end point, the mechanisms to achieve those phenotypes likely vary. In the following chapter I explore the rapid evolution of a unique and understudied species introduction, pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) in the Great Lakes. Pink salmon were introduced into Lake Superior in a single introduction event and have broken two obligate life histories, anadromy (though they treat the Great Lakes like surrogate oceans) and their fixed two-year life cycle, making them ripe subjects for contemporary evolution. Using whole-genome sequence data, I first investigate the effects of a genetic drift in the form of a bottleneck at introduction and characterize the subsequent loss of genetic diversity (Chapter 2). I show that despite a large loss of genetic diversity, pink salmon also rapidly adapted to their novel environment based on signals of putative selection across numerous regions of the genome, particularly in a period gene associated with their daily circadian clock (per2). Next, I explore how genome structure likely aided adaptation by pink salmon to the Great Lakes, providing evidence that a supergene (~29 Mbp) containing an inversion on chromosome 10 swept to near fixation in the Great Lakes (Chapter 3) and likely aided in osmoregulatory adaptation to this novel environment. Finally, I end with a short perspective chapter (Chapter 4) where I highlight potential future research directions for each of the previous chapters. Together, this research investigates the drivers and consequences of evolution across multiple scales and shows the powerful effect of genetic drift and genetic adaptation in shaping the genomic and phenotypic attributes of populations.
Gately & Hurley Company, et al., petitioners vs. the Delaware & Atlantic Telegraph & Telephone Co., defendant and the Board of Chosen Freeholders of the County of Camden, petitioners vs. the Delaware & Atlantic Telegraph & Telephone Co., defendant - Decision and order
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 1913

description: Decision and order in the case of Gately and Hurley Company and the Board of Chosen Freeholders of Camden County against the Delaware and Atlantic Telegraph and Telephone Company before the Board of Public Utility Commissioners of New Jersey. The original complaint was filed by Gately & Hurley. Joining with them were some twenty-three of the largest commercial, manufacturing and banking houses in Camden. The testimony taken covered not only charges to all complainants, but to all patrons in the entire territory of the company in the State. The essential issues raised in this case were (1) Unjust Discrimination; (2) Absence of a Reasonable Classification of service offered; (3) Unjust and Unreasonable Rates.
MPEC 2023-X116 : 2023 XQ2
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 XQ2

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
title: Civilian and Military Power (Japan)
title: Civilian and Military Power (Japan)
Creators: name: Dickinson, Frederick R.
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Japan
subject: Militär
subject: Geschichte 1868-1945
subject: Japan--History, Military--1868-1945

description: Like the Sino- and Russo-Japanese Wars, the First World War gave an enormous boost to Japanese military operations and authority. The Imperial Navy deployed for the first time to the South Pacific, the Indian Ocean, and the Mediterranean and the army occupied Shandong, China, and Siberia. After withholding funds during peacetime, parliament returned to full support for targets in the 1907 Basic Plan of National Defense. However, the systematic global campaign to regulate arms and territorial expansion after 1918 posed the greatest challenge to military authority in modern Japanese history and exacerbated civil-military and army-navy tensions through 1945.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Quantitative analyses of empirical fitness landscapes
Creators: name: Szendro, Ivan G.
name: Schenk, Martijn F.
name: Franke, Jasper
name: Krug, Joachim
name: de Visser, J. Arjan G. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The concept of a fitness landscape is a powerful metaphor that offers insight into various aspects of evolutionary processes and guidance for the study of evolution. Until recently, empirical evidence on the ruggedness of these landscapes was lacking, but since it became feasible to construct all possible genotypes containing combinations of a limited set of mutations, the number of studies has grown to a point where a classification of landscapes becomes possible. The aim of this review is to identify measures of epistasis that allow a meaningful comparison of fitness landscapes and then apply them to the empirical landscapes to discern factors that affect ruggedness. The various measures of epistasis that have been proposed in the literature appear to be equivalent. Our comparison shows that the ruggedness of the empirical landscape is affected by whether the included mutations are beneficial or deleterious and by whether intra- or intergenic epistasis is involved. Finally, the empirical landscapes are compared to landscapes generated with the Rough Mt.\ Fuji model. Despite the simplicity of this model, it captures the features of the experimental landscapes remarkably well.
description: 24 pages, 5 figures; to appear in Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment
Quantum-correlated motion and heralded entanglement of distant optomechanically coupled objects
Creators: name: Niedenzu, Wolfgang
name: Sandner, Raimar M.
name: Genes, Claudiu
name: Ritsch, Helmut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The motion of two distant trapped particles or mechanical oscillators can be strongly coupled by light modes in a high finesse optical resonator. In a two mode ring cavity geometry, trapping, cooling and coupling is implemented by the same modes. While the cosine mode provides for trapping, the sine mode facilitates ground state cooling and mediates non-local interactions. For classical point particles the centre-of-mass mode is strongly damped and the individual momenta get anti-correlated. Surprisingly, quantum fluctuations induce the opposite effect of positively-correlated particle motion, which close to zero temperature generates entanglement. The non-classical correlations and entanglement are dissipation-induced and particularly strong after detection of a scattered photon in the sine mode. This allows for heralded entanglement by post-selection. Entanglement is concurrent with squeezing of the particle distance and relative momenta, while the centre-of-mass observables acquire larger uncertainties.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures
title: Charles Bean
title: Charles Bean
Creators: name: Pegram, Aaron
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Bean, C. E. W.
subject: Bean, C. E. W. (Charles Edwin Woodrow), 1879-1968

description: Charles Bean was Australia’s official war correspondent who later wrote and edited the twelve-volume ''Official History of Australia in the War of 1914-1918'' and founded the Australian War Memorial. No other Australian has been more influential than Bean in shaping the way the First World War is remembered and commemorated in Australia.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Competitively tight graphs
Creators: name: Kim, Suh-Ryung
name: Lee, Jung Yeun
name: Park, Boram
name: Sano, Yoshio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C75, 05C20

description: The competition graph of a digraph $D$ is a (simple undirected) graph which has the same vertex set as $D$ and has an edge between two distinct vertices $x$ and $y$ if and only if there exists a vertex $v$ in $D$ such that $(x,v)$ and $(y,v)$ are arcs of $D$. For any graph $G$, $G$ together with sufficiently many isolated vertices is the competition graph of some acyclic digraph. The competition number $k(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the smallest number of such isolated vertices. Computing the competition number of a graph is an NP-hard problem in general and has been one of the important research problems in the study of competition graphs. Opsut [1982] showed that the competition number of a graph $G$ is related to the edge clique cover number $θ_E(G)$ of the graph $G$ via $θ_E(G)-|V(G)|+2 \leq k(G) \leq θ_E(G)$. We first show that for any positive integer $m$ satisfying $2 \leq m \leq |V(G)|$, there exists a graph $G$ with $k(G)=θ_E(G)-|V(G)|+m$ and characterize a graph $G$ satisfying $k(G)=θ_E(G)$. We then focus on what we call \emph{competitively tight graphs} $G$ which satisfy the lower bound, i.e., $k(G)=θ_E(G)-|V(G)|+2$. We completely characterize the competitively tight graphs having at most two triangles. In addition, we provide a new upper bound for the competition number of a graph from which we derive a sufficient condition and a necessary condition for a graph to be competitively tight.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures
Chronic lithium treatment influences impulse control and cognition and regulates gene expression
Creators: name: Levesque, Dominique Louise
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2013

description: Lithium is an effective treatment for bipolar disorder (BD) as it reduces the occurrence of mania, which is associated with deficits in impulse control, pathological gambling, drug-seeking, and suicidality. Whether lithium regulates impulsivity directly is unclear. We determined the effects of chronic lithium administration on performance of the five-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT)—a rodent analogue of the continuous performance test used clinically—and the delay discounting task (DDT), as well as its influence on drug-induced behaviours. In the 5-CSRTT, animals respond to a brief visual stimulus to earn a reward. Accuracy of target detection measures attentional ability whilst responses made prior to stimulus presentation provide an index of motor impulsivity. The DDT measures impulsive choice by assessing animals' tendency to choose smaller, immediate food rewards over larger, delayed rewards. Lithium treatment improved target detection and attenuated stress-induced impulsive responding. There were no differences between the groups on the initial delay discounting task—animals abruptly shifted their preference towards the smaller reward as the larger reward became increasingly delayed. We re-trained these animals using shorter delays to obtain a more meaningful discounting pattern. Lithium treatment facilitated behavioural flexibility as rats adapted this change more rapidly, and animals displayed a consistent pattern of choice between both delay sets. We trained another cohort of animals using the shorter delays only. Again, lithium treatment accelerated task acquisition, but did not affect choice behaviour. Lithium treatment blocked stimulant-induced changes in choice behaviour. Real-time PCR analyses revealed that lithium treatment decreased gene expression in the prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens. Notable changes were detected in intracellular components and neuronal processes associated with a behavioural and cognitive profile relevant to BD and other impulse control disorders, including monoaminergic receptors, neurotrophins, synaptic proteins, signalling kinases, and transcription and apoptotic factors, to name a few. Results generated herein suggest that chronic lithium treatment may enhance attention, attenuate stress-induced motor impulsivity, accelerate task acquisition, enhance behavioural flexibility, and block stimulant-induced changes in choice behaviour. These findings contribute to our understanding of lithium’s clinical efficacy and may lead to better treatments for BD and other impulse-control disorders.
Dohrniphora lamasi Brown & Kung 2010, sp. n.
Creators: name: Brown, Brian V.
name: Kung, Giar-Ann
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Phoridae
Dohrniphora
Dohrniphora lamasi

description: Dohrniphora lamasi sp. n.
(Figs 167–168, 293)
 Species recognition. This species can be distinguished from the similar D. ardisia by the more elongate group of fewer peglike setae and the smaller ventral concavity.
Description. Body length: 1.53 mm. Head: Frons light brown, ocellar triangle darker, second row of setae slightly concave. Flagellomere 1 oval, light brown. Palpus of normal size, yellow. Thorax: Scutum light brown. Scutellum dark brown, with 2 pairs of setae; anterior seta one-half length of posterior seta. Pleuron with proepisternum and dorsum of anepisternum light brown, rest of pleuron whitish-yellow. Costa 0.45 wing length. Halter yellow. Legs yellowish-brown. Forecoxa in lateral view yellow. Foretibia with 4 dorsal setae. Foretarsomeres slender, elongate. Midcoxa light brown. Hind coxa yellowish-brown. Hind coxal lobe yellow, short, truncate. Posterior face of hind femur with elongate basal group of peglike setae on basally pointed basal lobe; concavity small, with narrow basal and larger distal white membranous areas (Figs 167–168, 293). Abdomen: Abdominal tergite 1 brown, tergites 2–6 dark brown, with yellow anterior and posterior margins. Venter of abdomen whitish-yellow, with few setae, larger on posterior margin of segment 5. Male terminalia with epandrium yellowish-brown, hypandrium brown, and cercus yellow.
Distribution. Known from a single site in Amazonian Brazil.
Derivation of specific epithet. Named for Dr. Carlos Lamas, who has kindly helped us with loans of specimens from the MZSP.
Holotype. ♂, BRAZIL: Amazonas: Manaus, 3.13°S, 60.02°W, PDBFF Reserve 1210, 3.x.1985, B. Klein, Malaise trap, R.L.E. [LACM ENT 234199] (INPA).
description: Published as part of Brown, Brian V. & Kung, Giar-Ann, 2010, 2699, pp. 1-142 in Zootaxa 2699 on pages 77-79
An approximation algorithm for multi-unit auctions: numerical and subject experiments
Creators: name: TAKAHASHI, Satoshi
name: IZUNAGA, Yoichi
name: WATANABE, Naoki
Publisher: name: Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław University of Economics, Polish Operational and Systems Research Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: multi-unit auctions, approximation algorithm, experiment

description: OPERATIONS RESEARCH AND DECISIONS; ISSN 2081-8858
UFO - The Universal FeynRules Output
Creators: name: Degrande, Céline
name: Duhr, Claude
name: Fuks, Benjamin
name: Grellscheid, David
name: Mattelaer, Olivier
name: Reiter, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new model format for automatized matrix-element generators, the so- called Universal FeynRules Output (UFO). The format is universal in the sense that it features compatibility with more than one single generator and is designed to be flexible, modular and agnostic of any assumption such as the number of particles or the color and Lorentz structures appearing in the interaction vertices. Unlike other model formats where text files need to be parsed, the information on the model is encoded into a Python module that can easily be linked to other computer codes. We then describe an interface for the Mathematica package FeynRules that allows for an automatic output of models in the UFO format.
description: 30 pages, 2 figures, version accepted by CPC
The internationalization of higher education as a site of self-positioning : intersecting imaginations of Chinese international students and universities in Japan
Creators: name: Tsukada, Hanae
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2013

description: This study examines the construction of Chinese international students’ identities in the context of the internationalization of two Japanese higher education institutions. It employs a case study design. Two Japanese higher education institutions were selected because they had large international student bodies and English-medium programs. Both of these characteristics are central to recent Japanese internationalization policies and programs. At each institution, interviews were conducted with: 1) Chinese international undergraduate students; and 2) faculty and staff members who held leadership positions at their institutions in the area of internationalization. By using the concepts relating to imagination, the study analyzed how students saw their identities and future possibilities in and through their participation in international education in Japan. It also investigated how the institutions saw their social existence and translated it into their internationalization discourses and practices. An analysis of the intersection of the faculty/staff participants’ accounts of internationalization and international students’ stories illuminated the challenges and the potential of internationalization. Firstly, the findings revealed that the imaginations of both the institutions and students were shaped by their social positions and dominant social imaginaries of globalization. How the institutions with contrasting levels of academic prestige and international students with different socio-economic backgrounds participated in internationalization illuminated their self-positioning strategies in a competitive world. The closely linked self-positioning strategies of the institutions and students indicated the challenge of internationalization in disrupting the existing material and ideological conditions. Secondly, students’ stories indicated the potential and the limitations of the institutional environments, which are marked by many international students and the use of the English language. Some students described their transformative learning experiences emerging from the social, cultural, and political complexity of Japanese society and of their institutional settings. However, the majority of students tended to be disengaged from such complexity by seeing themselves living in an imagined pristine multicultural community on their campuses and feeling detached from the rest of Japanese society. The study concludes that internationalization in the paradigms of competition and a “creation of cultural diversity and a containment of cultural difference” (Bhabha, 1990, p. 208) holds limited potential for social transformation.
Small Covers, infra-solvmanifolds and curvature
Creators: name: Kuroki, Shintarô
name: Masuda, Mikiya
name: Yu, Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57N16, 57S17, 57S25, 53C25, 51H30

description: It is shown that a small cover (resp. real moment-angle manifold) over a simple polytope is an infra-solvmanifold if and only if it is diffeomorphic to a real Bott manifold (resp. flat torus). Moreover, we obtain several equivalent conditions for a small cover being homeomorphic to a real Bott manifold. In addition, we study Riemannian metrics on small covers and real moment-angle manifolds with certain conditions on the Ricci or sectional curvature. We will see that these curvature conditions put very strong restrictions on the topology of the corresponding small covers and real moment-angle manifolds and the combinatorial structure of the underlying simple polytopes.
description: 22 pages, no figure
Dohrniphora lamellifera Borgmeier
Creators: name: Brown, Brian V.
name: Kung, Giar-Ann
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Phoridae
Dohrniphora
Dohrniphora lamellifera

description: Dohrniphora lamellifera Borgmeier
(Figs 169–170)
 Dohrniphora lamellifera Borgmeier, 1961: 16–17, fig. 20.
Holotype. ♂, PERU: Iquitos, iii–iv.1931, R.C. Shannon [LACM ENT 171584] (USNM; examined).
Species recognition. This species is easily recognized by the angulate ventral concavity and the two prominent carinae that extend dorsally from it.
Description. Body length: 1.31–1.94 mm. Head: Frons dark brown, second row of setae slightly concave. Flagellomere 1 oval, brown, lighter mediobasally. Palpus of normal size, orange. Thorax: Scutum brown. Scutellum dark brown, with 2 pairs of setae; anterior seta one-half length of posterior seta. Pleuron with anepisternum and proepisternum brown, rest of pleuron light brown. Mean costal length 0.5 wing length, range 0.48–0.53. Halter light brown. Legs yellowish-brown. Forecoxa in lateral view yellow. Foretibia with 4–5 dorsal setae. Foretarsomeres slender, elongate. Midcoxa brown. Hind coxa yellowish-brown. Hind coxal lobe light brown, short, with short, dorsally-curved ventral process. Posterior face of hind femur with large elongate basal group of peglike setae deflected dorsally by basal membranous area; concavity large, angular, extending well below ventral margin of hind femur, with two prominent carinae extending dorsally (Figs 167– 168). Abdomen: Abdominal tergite 1 dark brown, tergites 2–6 dark brown. Venter of abdomen gray, with few setae, larger on posterior margin of segment 5. Male terminalia with epandrium yellowish-brown, hypandrium brown, and cercus yellow.
Distribution. Amazonian Colombia and Peru.
Other material examined. 19♂ specimens from the following localities: COLOMBIA: Amazonas: Leticia, PNN Amacayacu (LACM, IAVH).
description: Published as part of Brown, Brian V. & Kung, Giar-Ann, 2010, 2699, pp. 1-142 in Zootaxa 2699 on page 79
Theory of temperature fluctuation statistics in superconductor-normal metal tunnel structures
Creators: name: Laakso, M. A.
name: Heikkilä, T. T.
name: Nazarov, Yuli V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the statistics of temperature fluctuations in a SINIS structure, where a normal metal island (N) is coupled by tunnel junctions (I) to two superconducting leads (S). We specify conditions under which this structure exhibits manifestly non-Gaussian fluctuations of temperature. We consider both the Gaussian and non-Gaussian regimes of these fluctuations, and the current fluctuations that are caused by the fluctuating temperature. We also describe a measurement setup that could be used to observe the temperature fluctuations.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures, final version
Mechanics of universal horizons
Creators: name: Berglund, Per
name: Bhattacharyya, Jishnu
name: Mattingly, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Modified gravity models such as Hořava-Lifshitz gravity or Einstein-æther theory violate local Lorentz invariance and therefore destroy the notion of a universal light cone. Despite this, in the infrared limit both models above possess static, spherically symmetric solutions with "universal horizons" - hypersurfaces that are causal boundaries between an interior region and asymptotic spatial infinity. In other words, there still exist black hole solutions. We construct a Smarr formula (the relationship between the total energy of the spacetime and the area of the horizon) for such a horizon in Einstein-æther theory. We further show that a slightly modified first law of black hole mechanics still holds with the relevant area now a cross-section of the universal horizon. We construct new analytic solutions for certain Einstein-æther Lagrangians and illustrate how our results work in these exact cases. Our results suggest that holography may be extended to these theories despite the very different causal structure as long as the universal horizon remains the unique causal boundary when matter fields are added.
description: Minor clarifications. References updated
АНАТОМИЯ ЛЕГКИХ. ГИДРОТОРАКС
Creators: name: Шарипова Лола Студент Ташкентский государственный стоматологический  институт (ТГСИ) Министерство здравоохранения Республики Узбекистан г.Ташкент
name: Хайдарова Барно Исраилжановна Старший преподаватель кафедры анатомии Ташкентский государственный стоматологический институт (ТГСИ) Министерство здравоохранения республики Узбекистан г.Ташкент
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Легкие, pulmones (от греческого - пневмония, отсюда pneumonia — воспаление легких), расположены в плевральном мешке, отделены друг от друга средостением, средостеницей, обеими сторонами грудной полости, cavitas грудной полости, сердцем и крупными кровеносными сосудами, с передней стороны позвоночника правое легкое находится больше, чем левое легкое (примерно на 10%), и в то же время, в первую очередь, правое легкое. Во-вторых, поскольку сердце больше расположено с левой стороны, чем с правой, ширина левого легкого уменьшается, поэтому оно немного короче и шире.