cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
231Pa/230Th evidence for a weakened but persistent Atlantic meridional overturning circulation during Heinrich Stadial 1
Creators: name: Bradtmiller, Louisa I.
name: McManus, Jerry F.
name: Robinson, Laura F.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Climatic changes
subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: The strength of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation is believed to affect the climate over glacial-interglacial and millennial timescales. The marine sedimentary ²³¹Pa/²³⁰Th ratio is a promising paleocirculation proxy, but local particle effects may bias individual reconstructions. Here we present new Atlantic sedimentary ²³¹Pa/²³⁰Th data from the Holocene, the last glacial maximum and Heinrich Stadial 1, a period of abrupt cooling ca. 17,500 years ago. We combine our results with published data from these intervals to create a spatially distributed sedimentary ²³¹Pa/²³⁰Th database. The data reveal a net ²³¹Pa deficit during each period, consistent with persistent ²³¹Pa export. In highly resolved cores, Heinrich ²³¹Pa/²³⁰Th ratios exceed glacial ratios at nearly all depths, indicating a significant reduction, although not cessation, of overturning during Heinrich Stadial 1. These results support the inference that weakened overturning was a driver of Heinrich cooling, while suggesting that abrupt climate oscillations do not necessarily require a complete shutdown of overturning.
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 244.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 03.10.1998, 08:00, erstellt von Sergio Cortesi
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1998

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 4.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
Advection and scavenging controls of Pa/Th in the northern NE Atlantic
Creators: name: Roberts, Natalie L.
name: McManus, Jerry F.
name: Piotrowski, Alexander M.
name: McCave, I. Nicholas
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Paleoclimatology
Paleoceanography
Ocean circulation

description: Over the last 2 decades, significant advances have been made in reconstructing past rates of ocean circulation using sedimentary proxies for the dynamics of abyssal waters. In this study we combine the use of two rate proxies, sortable silt grain size, and sedimentary ²³¹Pa/²³⁰Th, measured on a depth transect of deep-sea sediment cores from the northern NE Atlantic, to investigate ocean circulation changes during the last deglacial. We find that at two deep sites, the core-top ²³¹Pa/²³⁰Th ratios reflect Holocene circulation rates, while during Heinrich Stadial 1, the deglacial ratios peaked as the sortable silt grain size decreased, reflecting a general circulation slowdown. However, the peak ²³¹Pa/²³⁰Th significantly exceeded the production ratio in both cores, indicating that ²³¹Pa/²³⁰Th was only partially controlled by ocean circulation at these sites. This is supported by a record of ²³¹Pa/²³⁰Th from an intermediate water depth site, where values also peaked during Heinrich Stadial 1, but were consistently above the production ratio over the last 24 ka, reflecting high scavenging below productive surface waters. At our study sites, we find that preserved sediment component fluxes cannot be used to distinguish between a scavenging or circulation control, although they are consistent with a circulation influence, since the core at intermediate depth with the highest ²³¹Pa/²³⁰Th recorded the lowest particle fluxes. Reconstruction of advection rate using ²³¹Pa/²³⁰Th in this region is complicated by high productivity, but the data nevertheless contain important information on past deep ocean circulation.
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 155.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 27.06.1998, 09:00, erstellt von Sergio Cortesi
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1998

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 4.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
Gravity and Magnetic Investigations in the Guiana Basin, Western Equatorial Atlantic
Creators: name: Cochran, James R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1973
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: A free-air gravity map of the Guiana Basin between 15° N. and 6° S. in the western equatorial Atlantic, using all available shipboard and pendulum data, is presented. The gravity field is interpreted in terms of short wave-length components directly related to topographic features and a long wave-length regional field which is independent of surface or basement relief. The regional field is negative throughout the survey area, varying from −15 to −40 mgal. The magnetic anomalies over the large equatorial fracture zones indicate that the fracture zone trough is an area of zero or greatly reduced magnetization within a zone in which the magnetization is induced rather than remanent. Only about half of the gravity anomaly over the fracture zone can be assigned to topographic relief implying the presence of excess mass under the fracture zones. The gravity and magnetic evidence together suggest that large fracture zones serve as the site of intrusion of ultrabasic rocks from depth. The deformation of the lithosphere due to the sediment load of the Amazon cone and the resulting gravity anomalies were computed for various flexural rigidities, using two-dimensional elastic beam theory. The value giving the best fit to the observed gravity anomalies in both wave length and amplitude is 2 × 1023 Newton meters (nt m) (2 × 1030 dyne cm). This implies an effective lithospheric thickness of 30 km. It is suggested that the lithosphere behaves somewhat as a Kelvin (viscoelastic solid) material in its response to imposed long-term loads, approaching a minimum apparent flexural rigidity of 2 × 1030 dyne cm asymptotically in a period of a few million years.
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 45.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 20.02.1998, 08:30, erstellt von Sergio Cortesi
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1998

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 4.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
Why So Critical? A Call for Critical Reviews to Inform Urban Mathematics Education
Creators: name: Moldavan, Alesia Mickle
Publisher: name: Journal of Urban Mathematics Education
Year: 2020

description: Alesia Mickle Moldavan, the section editor of Critical Reads in the Journal of Urban Mathematics Education, encourages interested contributors to submit reviews of critical texts (e.g., books, research articles, short stories, social media posts, poetry, play/film scripts) in order to push conversations in the field that offer an empowering and transformative vision for urban mathematics education. This call urges scholars to engage in critical thinking and creative rethinking of teaching and learning in the urban context to inspire new critical perspectives that interrogate systemic inequities and illuminate urban excellence. Submissions to Critical Reads ought to critique “trouble” texts to improve educational experiences and outcomes in mathematics for historically marginalized students in urban communities.
description: Journal of Urban Mathematics Education, Vol 13 No 2 (2020): Vol 13 No 2 (2020): Fall/Winter 2020 Issue
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 122.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 22.05.1998, 07:00, erstellt von Sergio Cortesi
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1998

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 3.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
Gravity Anomalies in the Galapagos Islands Area
Creators: name: Watts, A. B.
name: Cochran, James R.
name: Case, J. E.
name: Ryland, S. L.
name: Simkin, Tom
name: Howard, K. A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1974
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: In a recent report Case et al. (1) presented a free-air gravity anomaly map of the Galapagos Islands based on 32 gravity stations on the islands. On the basis of their data they stated that the Galapagos Islands are associated with an east-west trending "residual negative anomaly" which is superimposed on a "broader positive anomaly of unknown amplitude and extent." They concluded that "the gravity data can be most readily interpreted in terms of a low-density fegion related to a hot spot or plume" beneath the islands. We believe, however, that the data of Case et al. in no way support this interpretation. Their observations can, in fact, be explained simply if the Galapagos Islands are in some form of isostatic equilibrium. Any form of isostatic compensation will result in an "edge effect" in the free-air anomaly at the location of a large change in relief. For a relatively narrow feature, the edge effect anomalies over the two "edges" merge, resulting in a large positive anomaly. For a wider feature, the two edge effects become separated, resulting in an area of less positive anomalies over the center of the feature.
Estimating Functions of Distributions Defined over Spaces of Unknown Size
Creators: name: Wolpert, David H.
name: DeDeo, Simon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We consider Bayesian estimation of information-theoretic quantities from data, using a Dirichlet prior. Acknowledging the uncertainty of the event space size $m$ and the Dirichlet prior's concentration parameter $c$, we treat both as random variables set by a hyperprior. We show that the associated hyperprior, $P(c, m)$, obeys a simple "Irrelevance of Unseen Variables" (IUV) desideratum iff $P(c, m) = P(c) P(m)$. Thus, requiring IUV greatly reduces the number of degrees of freedom of the hyperprior. Some information-theoretic quantities can be expressed multiple ways, in terms of different event spaces, e.g., mutual information. With all hyperpriors (implicitly) used in earlier work, different choices of this event space lead to different posterior expected values of these information-theoretic quantities. We show that there is no such dependence on the choice of event space for a hyperprior that obeys IUV. We also derive a result that allows us to exploit IUV to greatly simplify calculations, like the posterior expected mutual information or posterior expected multi-information. We also use computer experiments to favorably compare an IUV-based estimator of entropy to three alternative methods in common use. We end by discussing how seemingly innocuous changes to the formalization of an estimation problem can substantially affect the resultant estimates of posterior expectations.
description: 33 pages, 3 figures. Matches published version
A Call for Field Disruptions and Connections in Mathematics Education Research
Creators: name: Cannon, Susan Ophelia
Publisher: name: Journal of Urban Mathematics Education
Year: 2020

description: The Field Disruptions and Field Connections section of the Journal of Urban Mathematics Education (JUME) seeks manuscripts that bring to light innovative, underutilized, or marginalized theories and methods that show potential for radical reconfiguration in (urban) mathematics education research. In this introductory and invitational editorial to the section, I provide illustrations of field disruptions through the use of poststructural and agential realist theories in mathematics education research. The purpose in doing so is to highlight how past disruptions have caused shifts in what counts as mathematical knowledge and who can be seen as mathematical. I also point to examples of field connections that demonstrate the importance of innovation and creativity in not only what we research but also in the ways we research in urban mathematics education. Because new and newly considered theories and methods can and have shifted the field of mathematics education research, an intellectual space to share and explore these innovative contributions to the field is being created within JUME. Specifically, the section seeks submissions that bring forward theories, methods, and concepts that the author argues have potential to disrupt the structures that support systemic racism and other forms of exclusion in mathematics teaching and learning. In addition, as section editor, I welcome alternative texts, poetry, and research texts and data that may not fit or have been systematically excluded in more traditional disciplined spaces but speak to important issues in urban mathematics education.
description: Journal of Urban Mathematics Education, Vol 13 No 2 (2020): Vol 13 No 2 (2020): Fall/Winter 2020 Issue
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 292.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 29.11.1998, 10:00, erstellt von Andrea Manna
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1998

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 4.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
Profile Trees for Büchi Word Automata, with Application to Determinization
Creators: name: Fogarty, Seth
name: Kupferman, Orna
name: Vardi, Moshe Y.
name: Wilke, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.1.1; F.1.2; D.2.4

description: The determinization of Buchi automata is a celebrated problem, with applications in synthesis, probabilistic verification, and multi-agent systems. Since the 1960s, there has been a steady progress of constructions: by McNaughton, Safra, Piterman, Schewe, and others. Despite the proliferation of solutions, they are all essentially ad-hoc constructions, with little theory behind them other than proofs of correctness. Since Safra, all optimal constructions employ trees as states of the deterministic automaton, and transitions between states are defined operationally over these trees. The operational nature of these constructions complicates understanding, implementing, and reasoning about them, and should be contrasted with complementation, where a solid theory in terms of automata run DAGs underlies modern constructions. In 2010, we described a profile-based approach to Buchi complementation, where a profile is simply the history of visits to accepting states. We developed a structural theory of profiles and used it to describe a complementation construction that is deterministic in the limit. Here we extend the theory of profiles to prove that every run DAG contains a profile tree with at most a finite number of infinite branches. We then show that this property provides a theoretical grounding for a new determinization construction where macrostates are doubly preordered sets of states. In contrast to extant determinization constructions, transitions in the new construction are described declaratively rather than operationally.
description: In Proceedings GandALF 2013, arXiv:1307.4162
Unstable quasiparticles as a source of thermodynamic instabilities in the thermal nonlocal Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model
Creators: name: Marquez, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has already been shown that in thermal nonlocal Nambu-Jona-Lasinio models some unphysical behavior, such as a negative pressure, may arise. In this article, it is shown how this behavior can be related to the pressence of highly unstable poles of the propagator of the model, for both the Gaussian and Lorentzian regulators cases. Computations are carried out within the real time formalism, which allows to isolate the contributions from different poles and identify the source of these instabilities. It has also been shown in recent articles how these instabilities are softened by the inclusion of the Polyakov loop when a Gaussian regulator is considered. This article shows how the softening of instabilities can be understood by studying the effect of the Polyakov loop on the poles of the propagator for the Gaussian regulator.
description: 10 pages, 12 figures, to appear at Phys. Rev. D
Free–air gravity anomalies in the world's oceans and their relationship to residual elevation
Creators: name: Cochran, James R.
name: Taiwan, Manik
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1977
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Surface-ship gravity measurements were used to obtain 5 times 5° average free–air gravity anomalies over much of the world's oceans. Comparison of the surface data with the recent GEM 6 ’combination’ field shows the combination solution to be in reasonable agreement with the surface data in most areas in the general location and amplitude of major features of the Earth's gravity field. There is, however, significant disagreement on the location of extrema and on the exact values at specific points. It is thus necessary to use surface data to make detailed studies of the relationship of the gravity field to surface features at wavelengths of less than 4000 km. Mid-ocean ridges are consistently characterized by a gravity maximum. The gravity anomaly across mid-ocean ridges can be described by an empirical 1°× 1° average gravity–age relationship which shows a positive gravity anomaly of about 25 mgal falling off to zero by about 40 my. The observed gravity–age relationship is generally compatible with current thermal models of the lithosphere. The empirical gravity–age curve was removed from the free–air anomalies to produce residual gravity anomalies which can be compared to similarly obtained residual depth anomalies. A correlation between the two is found over some features. The most prominent of these are intermediate wavelength positive features associated with areas of extensive off-ridge volcanism. This applies not only to recently active areas but also to inactive areas such as Bermuda and aseismic ridges. On the other hand, areas of unusual elevation and volcanic activity located at a mid-ocean ridge crest such as Iceland and the Azores do not have a corresponding gravity amomaly at intermediate wavelengths. The long-wavelength component of the Earth's gravity field is characterized by large areas in which significant anomalies of constant sign are found. There is no apparent relationship between the long-wavelength gravity anomalies and oceanic depths. If the gravity anomalies have their origin within the asthenosphere, the lithosphere must in effect be decoupled from the main body of the asthenosphere. This could result from the effects of a strongly depth-dependent viscosity on the convection pattern under the elastic plates.
Evolution of Superconductivity in Fe$_{1+y}$Te$_{1-x}$Se$_{x}$ Annealed in Te Vapor
Creators: name: Sun, Yue
name: Tsuchiya, Yuji
name: Yamada, Tatsuhiro
name: Taen, Toshihiro
name: Pyon, Sunseng
name: Shi, Zhixiang
name: Tamegai, Tsuyoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a detailed study of the Te vapor annealing effect in Fe$_{1+y}$Te$_{0.6}$Se$_{0.4}$ single crystals. Bulk superconductivity can be gradually induced by annealing with increasing amount of Te, until the molar ratio of Te to the sample reaches 1 : 10. By further increasing Te molar ratio, superconducting volume is gradually reduced. Resistivity and Hall effect measurements manifest that annealing in Te vapor delocalizes the charge carriers by removing excess Fe. The optimally Te annealed crystal shows homogeneous critical current densities with a large value of $\sim$ 4.3 $\times$ 10$^5$ A/cm$^2$, which proves that the Te annealing is effective to induce bulk superconductivity in Fe$_{1+y}$Te$_{1-x}$Se$_{x}$.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 184.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 26.07.1998, 09:45, erstellt von Andrea Manna
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1998

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 4.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
title: From flat lists to hierarchical domain labels in general language dictionaries
Creators: name: Salgado, Ana
name: Costa, Rute
name: Tasovac, Toma
Publisher: name: CLUNL - NOVA FCSH
Year: 2022

description: The lists of domains included in general dictionaries outside matter obey alphabetical ordering without any concern about the relationships that can be established between those types of labels. We propose to organise and conceptualise specialised knowledge in general language dictionaries using structured data formats, such as Text Encoding Initiative (TEI). We started from the flat (non-hierarchical) list of Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa (DLP) and selected domain labels associated with geological sciences. Then, we conceptually structure and organise the domain of geology to better describe specialised knowledge in general language dictionaries and improve search engines. We consider three possible levels: superdomain, domain, subdomain. This process also involved validation by a subject specialist. The last step was the encoding of the hierarchical domain labels established.
description: Salgado, Ana; Costa, Rute; Tasovac, Toma (2022). From flat lists to hierarchical domain labels in general language dictionaries [oral presentation]. ASIALEX 2022: The 15th International Conference of the Asian Association for Lexicography, June 17-19, 2022, School of Foreign Studies at Guangxi University for Nationalities (GXUN) in Nanning, China. Available at: https://mordigital.fcsh.unl.pt/resultados/
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 195.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 07.08.1998, 07:15, erstellt von Sergio Cortesi
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1998

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 4.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 211.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 23.08.1998, 08:00, erstellt von Sergio Cortesi
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1998

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 3.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
DNA viewed as an out-of-equilibrium structure
Creators: name: Provata, A.
name: Nicolis, C.
name: Nicolis, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The complexity of the primary structure of human DNA is explored using methods from nonequilibrium statistical mechanics, dynamical systems theory and information theory. The use of chi-square tests shows that DNA cannot be described as a low order Markov chain of order up to $r=6$. Although detailed balance seems to hold at the level of purine-pyrimidine notation it fails when all four basepairs are considered, suggesting spatial asymmetry and irreversibility. Furthermore, the block entropy does not increase linearly with the block size, reflecting the long range nature of the correlations in the human genomic sequences. To probe locally the spatial structure of the chain we study the exit distances from a specific symbol, the distribution of recurrence distances and the Hurst exponent, all of which show power law tails and long range characteristics. These results suggest that human DNA can be viewed as a non-equilibrium structure maintained in its state through interactions with a constantly changing environment. Based solely on the exit distance distribution accounting for the nonequilibrium statistics and using the Monte Carlo rejection sampling method we construct a model DNA sequence. This method allows to keep all long range and short range statistical characteristics of the original sequence. The model sequence presents the same characteristic exponents as the natural DNA but fails to capture point-to-point details.
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 49.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 25.02.1998, 08:45, erstellt von Sergio Cortesi
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1998

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 3.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
Gravity Anomalies, Regional Elevation, and the Deep Structure of the North Atlantic
Creators: name: Cochran, James R.
name: Taiwan, Manik
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1978
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: The pattern of depth and gravity anomalies in the North Atlantic Ocean was examined by using 1° × 1° and 5° × 5° averages. The gravity field is dominated by two features: a broad high in the northern and central portion of the ocean and a large area of very negative anomalies in the western basin. The negative anomaly in the western North Atlantic has no expression in residual depth anomalies and does not appear to be related to surface features. The North Atlantic Gravity High is bounded on the south by an important and distinct boundary near 30°N which is present in both depth and gravity anomalies. North of this latitude, residual gravity anomalies (corrected for the ‘ridge anomaly’) take the form of a very broad high of about 20 mGal with the values along isochrons nearly constant from 30°N to at least as far north as 75°N. The depths within this region are consistently shallow with 5° × 5° average residual depth anomalies which vary greatly from a few hundred meters near the Charlie Gibbs fracture zone to a few thousand meters near Iceland and the Azores. We used three-dimensional spherical earth models to investigate simple compensated mass distributions which could explain the observed depth and gravity anomalies. The acceptable family of models has the common characteristics that within the anomalous region north of the 30°N boundary a portion of the compensation must be distributed to depths of several hundred kilometers and that this deep mass deficiency must be nearly uniform throughout the area. However, the compensation for more local features within this region must be shallow (within the lithosphere). Thus the topographic highs surrounding Iceland and the Azores are compensated within the lithosphere, but the overall elevation is maintained at some greater depth by a mass deficiency in the asthenosphere. This mass deficiency can be explained by an increase in temperature of about 75°C. Thus the gravity data enable us to establish the presence of a very large upper mantle hot spot that might be associated with the broad overall compensation of the entire North Atlantic north of 30°N. Whether this upper mantle hot spot is associated with a deep mantle plume is uncertain, since the gravity effect of a plume is undetectable. However, its presence suggests that the immediate source of the unusual amount of material erupted at Iceland and the Azores is within the upper mantle.
Quantum Cosmology and the Age of the Universe
Creators: name: Frauca, Álvaro Mozota
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article I study how the problem of time of canonical approaches to quantum gravity affects the simple minisuperspace models used in quantum cosmology. I follow some authors who have argued that this issue makes the quantization of general relativity problematic to conclude that the same applies in the case of quantum cosmology. In particular, I argue that temporal structures are lost in quantization and that this is a problem, as they encode part of the empirical content of classical cosmology, such as the age of the universe.
On the origin of the central 1" hole in the stellar disk of Sgr A* and the Fermi gamma-ray bubbles
Creators: name: Wardle, Mark
name: Yusef-Zadeh, Farhad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The supermassive black hole Sgr A* at the center of the Galaxy is surrounded by two misaligned disks of young, massive stars extending from ~0.04 to 0.4 pc. The stellar surface density increases as ~ r^-2 towards Sgr A* but is truncated within 1" (0.04pc). We explore the origin of this annulus using a model in which star formation occurs in a disk of gas created through the partial capture of a gas cloud as it sweeps through the inner few parsecs of the galaxy and temporarily engulfs Sgr A*. We identify the locations within which star formation and/or accretion onto Sgr A* take place. Within 0.04 pc the disk is magnetically active and the associated heating and enhanced pressure prevents the disk from becoming self gravitating. Instead, it forms a magneto-turbulent disk that drains onto Sgr A* within 3 Myr. Meanwhile, fragmentation of the gas beyond the central 0.04 pc hole creates the observed young stellar disk. The two large scale bubbles of gamma-ray emission extending perpendicular to the Galactic plane may be created by a burst of accretion of ~10^5 Msun of gas lying between 0.01 and 0.03 pc. The observed stellar ages imply that this capture event occurred ~10^6.5 yr ago, thus such events occurring over the life time of the Galaxy could have significantly contributed to the current mass of Sgr A* and to the inner few parsec of the nuclear star cluster. We suggest that these events also occur in extragalactic systems.
description: ApJL accepted; eq 1 for surface density profile generalised from previous version plus minor changes
Investigating El Niño-Southern Oscillation and society relationships
Creators: name: Zebiak, Stephen E.
name: Orlove, Ben
name: Muñoz, Ángel G.
name: Vaughan, Catherine
name: Hansen, James W.
name: Troy, Tara
name: Thomson, Madeleine C.
name: Lustig, Allyza
name: Garvin, Samantha
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Human beings--Effect of climate on
Long-range weather forecasting
Southern oscillation--Forecasting
Hydrology
Agriculture
Water resources development--Management

description: Throughout at least the past several centuries, El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has played a significant role in human response to climate. Over time, increased attention on ENSO has led to a better understanding of both the physical mechanisms, and the environmental and societal consequences of the phenomenon. The prospects for seasonal climate forecasting emerged from ENSO studies, and were first pursued in ENSO studies. In this paper, we review ENSO's impact on society, specifically with regard to agriculture, water, and health; we also explore the extent to which ENSO-related forecasts are used to inform decision making in these sectors. We find that there are significant differences in the uptake of forecasts across sectors, with the highest use in agriculture, intermediate use in water resources management, and the lowest in health. Forecast use is low in areas where ENSO linkages to climate are weak, but the strength of this linkage alone does not guarantee use. Moreover, the differential use of ENSO forecasts by sector shows the critical role of institutions that work at the boundary between science and society. In a long-term iterative process requiring continual maintenance, these organizations serve to enhance the salience, credibility, and legitimacy of forecasts and related climate services.
Perfect matching of reactive loads through complex frequencies: from circuital analysis to experiments
Creators: name: Marini, Angelica V.
name: Ramaccia, Davide
name: Toscano, Alessandro
name: Bilotti, Filiberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The experimental evidence of purely reactive loads impedance matching is here provided by exploiting the special scattering response under complex excitations. The study starts with a theoretical analysis of the reflection properties of an arbitrary reactive load and identifies the proper excitation able to transform the purely reactive load into a virtual resistive load during the time the signal is applied. To minimize reflections between the load and the transmission line, the excitation must have a complex frequency, leading to a propagating signal with a tailored temporal envelope. The aim of this work is to design and, for the first time,experimentally demonstrate this anomalous scattering behavior in microwave circuits, showing that the time-modulated signals can be exploited as a new degree of freedom for achieving impedance matching without introducing neither a matching network nor resistive elements, that are typically used for ensuring power dissipation and, thus, zero reflection. The proposed matching strategy does not alter the reactive load that is still lossless, enabling an anomalous termination condition where the energy is not dissipated nor reflected, but indefinitely accumulated in the reactive load. The stored energy leaks out the load as soon as the applied signal changes or stops.
Antifungal Activities of Ziziphus mauritiana against Candida albicans: In Vitro Study
Creators: name: Hasnah Begum Said Gulam Khan
name: Nurul ‘Izzah Mohd Sarmin
name: Mohd Hafiz Arzmi
name: Hanis Farhana Amiruddin
name: Radzi, Anis Arina Mohd
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110599 Dentistry not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 119999 Medical and Health Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Other medical sciences

description: Medicinal plants have been discovered and used in traditional medicine and pharmaceutical industries since centuries. In the current study, Ziziphus mauritiana leaves was used as it is rich with many biological active compounds such as flavonoids, polyphenols, sapronins and tanins. Previous studies reported the antibacterial and antifungal effects of Z. mauritiana towards various microorganisms. However, the antifungal activities of Z. mauritiana methanol extracts on Candida albicans (Clinical and American Type Culture Collection Strains) have not been discovered extensively.
Objectives: Therefore, the aim of the current study is to investigate the antifungal activity of Z. mauritiana leaves methanol extracts against C. albicans ATCC strain and clinical isolate (from oral cancer patient).

Methods: Antifungal susceptibility test (AST) was performed using disc diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) to determine the antifungal activity of methanol leaves extract of Ziziphus mauritiana against C. albicans ATCC and clinical isolates.

Results: The results obtained showed that there is no zone of inhibition seen from disk diffusion test for both strains. However, the minimal inhibitory and minimal fungicidal concentration showed that Ziziphus mauritiana methanol extracts was able to inhibit C. albicans clinical isolate but not ATCC strain at 500mg/mL.

Conclusion: The finding of this study suggests that that Ziziphus mauritiana leaves methanol extract showed promising results against Candida albicans. Thus, it can be used as a source for functional ingredients for pharmaceutical drug industries in-order to reduce or inhibit oral fungal infection.
Performance of dental undergraduate students using International Caries Detection and Assessment system (ICDAS)
Creators: name: Noorharliana Mohamed Zohdi
name: Mohd Faiz Nasruddin
name: Sanusi, Muhammad Aiman
name: Nordin, Muhammad Atep
name: Rusli, Mohamad Rahmatullah
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110599 Dentistry not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Objectives: This study aimed to assess intra- and inter examiner reliability of International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) and modified epidemiology ICDAS (MOD) code by undergraduate dental students with different clinical experiences.
Methods: A total of 150 dental undergraduate students with varying clinical experiences (0, 1 and 2 years of clinical experience) were recruited. Participants received training through a theoretical lecture on ICDAS criteria by an experienced National Benchmark Group (NBG) examiner and underwent e-learning program prior to ICDAS calibration. Visual examination on extracted permanent teeth (N= 45) with different location and stages of caries progression ranging from ICDAS scores 0 to 6, was performed using the ICDAS criteria. The assessments were repeated after one hour. The data were analysed to evaluate inter-examiner and intra-examiner reliability in the form of kappa scores using SPSS 23 Software.
Results: Mean kappa values for intra- and inter-examiner reliability for ICDAS code, were between 0.41 to 0.60, and 0.61 to 0.80 respectively. For MOD code, mean kappa values for intra- and inter-examiner reliability were between 0.61 to 0.80. Good intra-examiner agreement (>0.61) was observed in both ICDAS and MOD code for all groups.
Conclusion: All students performed similar agreement, therefore, clinical experience within 2 years does not influence the performance of visual inspection in detecting caries using ICDAS. The results of the study shows that ICDAS and modified epidemiology ICDAS codes has good reproducibility and is feasible to be used as a tool in clinical practice as well as patient education.
title: Socio-ethical challenges and opportunities to advance diversity, equity, and inclusion in digital medicine: Narrative Review
Creators: name: Ivana Paccoud
name: Anja K. Leist
name: Isabel Schwaninger
name: R. Van Kessel
name: Jochen Klucken
Publisher: name: LCSB
Year: 2023

description: Digitalization in medicine offers a significant opportunity to transform healthcare systems by providing novel digital tools and services to guide personalized prevention, prediction, diagnosis, treatment and disease management. This transformation raises a number of novel socio-ethical considerations for individuals and society as a whole, which need to be appropriately addressed to ensure that digital medical devices (DMDs) are widely adopted and benefit all patients as well as healthcare service providers. In this narrative review, we outline five core socio-ethical considerations in digital medicine that intersect with the notions of equity and digital inclusion: (i) access, use and engagement with DMDs, (ii) inclusiveness in DMD clinical trials, (iii) algorithm fairness, (iv) surveillance and datafication, and (v) data privacy and trust. By integrating literature from multidisciplinary fields, including social, medical, and computer sciences, we shed light on concerns and opportunities related to the development and adoption of DMDs. We begin with an overview of the different types of DMDs, followed by in-depth discussions of five socio-ethical implications related to them. Finally, we offer evidence-based multilevel recommendations aimed at fostering a more inclusive digital landscape to ensure that the development and integration of DMDs in healthcare mitigate rather than create, maintain or exacerbate health inequalities.
Treatment Satisfaction and Its Influencing Factors Among Fixed Orthodontic Patients in UiTM
Creators: name: Shamsul Shamil Shamsul Fadzil
name: Khalil, Ahmad Izzuddin Ahmad
name: Indah Yuri Noviaranny
name: Nagham Mohammed Abdullah Al-Jaf
name: Jamil, Kazi Ahsan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110599 Dentistry not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Objectives: The aims of this study were to evaluate patient’s satisfaction regarding the orthodontic treatment provided by the Faculty of Dentistry Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) and to determine the factors that affected their satisfaction level.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the patients treated with full fixed appliances in the faculty’s orthodontic clinic using a validated questionnaire.
Results: The final sample consisted of 105 subjects (response rate 76%) which comprises of 26 males and 79 females were chose with 97% of the respondents are Malay. Most subjects had orthodontic treatment duration of more than 1.5 years (100%) and were still wearing fixed appliances (89%). Items included in the questionnaire: reasons for seeking orthodontic treatment, questions relevant to satisfaction with orthodontic treatment, doctor-patient relationship and pain experience during orthodontic treatment. Concerning the doctor patient relationship, 91% of the respondents were contented with their orthodontist. Respondents answered ‘Yes’ to the treatment plan explained prior to the procedure (91.4%), questions answered promptly (94.3%), gentleness of the orthodontist (91.4%) and dental assistant (88.6%), orthodontist honesty about treatment duration (90.5%) and cost (97.1%), and recommendation to others (90.5%).
Conclusion: Generally, patients who had received orthodontic treatment from the orthodontic clinic in Faculty of Dentistry UiTM were satisfied with the overall treatment outcomes. However, there were still some aspects of the service that can be improved in the future in order to provide a better healthcare services specifically in orthodontic treatment.