cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Space Environment and Atmospheric Joule Heating of the Habitable Zone Exoplanet TOI700-d
Creators: name: Cohen, O.
name: Garraffo, C.
name: Moschou, S.
name: Drake, J.
name: Alvarado-Gomez, J.
name: Glocer, A.
name: Fraschetti, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the space environment conditions near the Earth-size planet TOI~700~d using a set of numerical models for the stellar corona and wind, the planetary magnetosphere, and the planetary ionosphere. We drive our simulations using a scaled-down stellar input and a scaled-up solar input in order to obtain two independent solutions. We find that for the particular parameters used in our study, the stellar wind conditions near the planet are not very extreme -- slightly stronger than that near the Earth in terms of the stellar wind ram pressure and the intensity of the interplanetary magnetic field. Thus, the space environment near TOI700-d may not be extremely harmful to the planetary atmosphere, assuming the planet resembles the Earth. Nevertheless, we stress that the stellar input parameters and the actual planetary parameters are unconstrained, and different parameters may result in a much greater effect on the atmosphere of TOI700-d. Finally, we compare our results to solar wind measurements in the solar system and stress that modest stellar wind conditions may not guarantee atmospheric retention of exoplanets.
description: accepted to ApJ
Using the geoheritage framework to explore the intersection of diverse legacies at Grand Caverns, Virginia, USA
Creators: name: Garcia Jr, Ángel A.
name: Shank, Austin
Publisher: name: Geological Society of London
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 3705
subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Maps of Grand Caverns from 1806, 1975 and 2006.
Large-Scale Patterns of Forest Fire Occurrence in the Conterminous United States, Alaska, and Hawaii, 2016
Creators: name: Potter, Kevin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 70503 Forestry Fire Management
subject: FOS: Agriculture, forestry and fisheries

description: Potter, K.M. 2018. Large-scale patterns of forest fire occurrence in the conterminous United States, Alaska, and Hawaii, 2016. Chapter 3 in K.M. Potter and B.L. Conkling, eds., Forest Health Monitoring: National Status, Trends and Analysis, 2017. General Technical Report SRS-233. Asheville, North Carolina: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station. p. 45-64.

Forest fire occurrence outside the historic range of frequency and intensity can result in extensive economic and ecological impacts. The detection of regional patterns of fire occurrence density can allow for the identification of areas at greatest risk of significant impact and for the selection of locations for more intensive analysis. In 2016, the number of satellite-detected forest fire occurrences recorded for the conterminous States was the lowest since 2006. Ecoregions along the central coast of California, in central Oregon, and in Oklahoma experienced the most fires per 100 km2 of forested area. Geographic hot spots of high fire occurrence density were detected in these same areas, as well as in the Southeast and scattered locations in the interior West. Ecoregions in the Southern Appalachians, in the Northeast, and along the central California coast experienced greater fire occurrence density than normal compared to the previous 15-year mean and accounting for variability over time. Alaska experienced low or relatively low fire occurrence densities throughout the State. The Big Island of Hawai‘i experienced very high fire occurrence density as a result of an ongoing volcanic eruption.
FLASH Early Science -- Discovery of an intervening HI 21-cm absorber from an ASKAP survey of the GAMA 23 field
Creators: name: Allison, J. R.
name: Sadler, E. M.
name: Bellstedt, S.
name: Davies, L. J. M.
name: Driver, S. P.
name: Ellison, S. L.
name: Huynh, M.
name: Kapinska, A. D.
name: Mahony, E. K.
name: Moss, V. A.
name: Robotham, A. S. G.
name: Whiting, M. T.
name: Curran, S. J.
name: Darling, J.
name: Hotan, A. W.
name: Hunstead, R. W.
name: Koribalski, B. S.
name: Lagos, C. D. P.
name: Pettini, M.
name: Pimbblet, K. A.
name: Voronkov, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present early science results from the First Large Absorption Survey in HI (FLASH), a spectroscopically blind survey for 21-cm absorption lines in cold hydrogen HI gas at cosmological distances using the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP). We have searched for HI absorption towards 1253 radio sources in the GAMA 23 field, covering redshifts between $z = 0.34$ and $0.79$ over a sky area of approximately 50 deg$^{2}$. In a purely blind search we did not obtain any detections of 21-cm absorbers above our reliability threshold. Assuming a fiducial value for the HI spin temperature of $T_{\rm spin}$ = 100 K and source covering fraction $c_{\rm f} = 1$, the total comoving absorption path length sensitive to all Damped Lyman $α$ Absorbers (DLAs; $N_{\rm HI} \geq 2 \times 10^{20}$ cm$^{-2}$) is $Δ{X} = 6.6 \pm 0.3$ ($Δ{z} = 3.7 \pm 0.2$) and super-DLAs ($N_{\rm HI} \geq 2 \times 10^{21}$ cm$^{-2}$) is $Δ{X} = 111 \pm 6$ ($Δ{z} = 63 \pm 3$). We estimate upper limits on the HI column density frequency distribution function that are consistent with measurements from prior surveys for redshifted optical DLAs, and nearby 21-cm emission and absorption. By cross matching our sample of radio sources with optical spectroscopic identifications of galaxies in the GAMA 23 field, we were able to detect 21-cm absorption at $z = 0.3562$ towards NVSS J224500$-$343030, with a column density of $N_{\rm HI} = (1.2 \pm 0.1) \times 10^{20} (T_{\rm spin}/100~\mathrm{K})$ cm$^{-2}$. The absorber is associated with GAMA J22450.05$-$343031.7, a massive early-type galaxy at an impact parameter of 17 kpc with respect to the radio source and which may contain a massive ($M_{\rm HI} \gtrsim 3 \times 10^{9}$ M$_{\odot}$) gas disc. Such gas-rich early types are rare, but have been detected in the nearby Universe.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Building high-performance knowledge institutions for water management
Creators: name: International Water Management Institute, IWMI-TATA Water Policy Program
name: International Water Management Institute, IWMI-TATA Water Policy Program
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Institutional development
subject: Research institutes
subject: Performance

description: Societies need forward-thinking knowledge institutions in the water sector to help them deal with the opportunities and crises that will arise in the future. India has some leading, high-performance knowledge institutions. But it also has many more that no longer deliver high-value thinking, insights or perspectives. Can these under-achieving institutions be transformed? How can the government, NGOs and international organizations design, build and maintain successful, highpotential institutions? Practical answers have been found in a recent review of 30 diverse Indian institutions. The review—part of an effort to improve institution-building in the water sector—found many traits that set the “winning” institutions apart from the poor performers. First, it is the quality of an institution’s design and launch that determines its ability to lead and to be recognized as a leader in the future. Second, good operative practices—with regard to human resources, fund-raising policy, management style and core products and services—ensure an environment where innovative thinkers can excel. The research argues that a) both these aspects are vital if an institute with high potential is to flourish and b) capital investment is necessary—but not sufficient—to achieve success. Finally, the study recommends a complete relaunch of under-achieving institutions, with new NGO staff and a fresh mandate.
Gaugino Condensation and Nonperturbative Superpotentials in Flux Compactifications
Creators: name: Goerlich, Lars
name: Kachru, Shamit
name: Tripathy, Prasanta K.
name: Trivedi, Sandip P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There are two known sources of nonperturbative superpotentials for Kähler moduli in type IIB orientifolds, or F-theory compactifications on Calabi-Yau fourfolds, with flux: Euclidean brane instantons and low-energy dynamics in D7 brane gauge theories. The first class of effects, Euclidean D3 branes which lift in M-theory to M5 branes wrapping divisors of arithmetic genus 1 in the fourfold, is relatively well understood. The second class has been less explored. In this paper, we consider the explicit example of F-theory on $K3 \times K3$ with flux. The fluxes lift the D7 brane matter fields, and stabilize stacks of D7 branes at loci of enhanced gauge symmetry. The resulting theories exhibit gaugino condensation, and generate a nonperturbative superpotential for Kähler moduli. We describe how the relevant geometries in general contain cycles of arithmetic genus $χ\geq 1$ (and how $χ> 1$ divisors can contribute to the superpotential, in the presence of flux). This second class of effects is likely to be important in finding even larger classes of models where the KKLT mechanism of moduli stabilization can be realized. We also address various claims about the situation for IIB models with a single Kähler modulus.
description: 24 pages, harvmac, no figures, references added
Large-Scale Patterns of Insect and Disease Activity in the Conterminous United States, Alaska, and Hawaii from the National Insect and Disease Survey, 2016
Creators: name: Potter, Kevin
name: Paschke, Jeanine
name: Zweifler, Mark O.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 70505 Forestry Pests, Health and Diseases
subject: FOS: Agriculture, forestry and fisheries

description: Potter, K.M., J.L. Paschke, and M. Zweifler. 2018. Large-scale patterns of insect and disease activity in the conterminous United States, Alaska and Hawaii from the national insect and disease survey, 2016. Chapter 2 in K.M. Potter and B.L. Conkling, eds., Forest Health Monitoring: National Status, Trends and Analysis, 2017. General Technical Report SRS-233. Asheville, North Carolina: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station. p. 23-44.

Monitoring the occurrence of forest pest and pathogen outbreaks is important at regional scales because of the significant impact insects and disease can have on forest health across landscapes. National insect and disease survey data collected in 2016 by the Forest Health Protection Program of the Forest Service and partners in State agencies identified 62 different mortality-causing agents and complexes on 2.99 million ha in the conterminous United States, and 63 defoliating agents and complexes on approximately 1.99 million ha. Geographic hot spots of forest mortality were associated with bark beetle infestations (mostly fir engraver, spruce beetle, mountain pine beetle, Jeffrey pine beetle, western pine beetle, and western balsam bark beetle) in the West, and with emerald ash borer in the East. Hot spots of defoliation were associated with gypsy moth, baldcypress leafroller, spruce budworm, forest tent caterpillar, browntail moth, winter moth, and white pine needle damage in the East, and with western spruce budworm in the West. Mortality was recorded on a very small proportion of the surveyed area in Alaska. The most important defoliation agents in Alaska were aspen leafminer, speckled green fruitworm, and willow leaf blotchminer. In Hawaii, approximately 9000 ha of mortality were caused by rapid ʻōhiʻa death.
Black Magic in Gray Titania: Noble-Metal-Free Photocatalytic H2 Evolution from Hydrogenated Anatase
Creators: name: Liu, Ning
name: Zhou, Xuemei
name: Nguyen, Nhat Truong
name: Peters, Kristina
name: Schneider, Christopher
name: Freitag, Detlef
name: Fattakhova-Rohlfing, Dina
name: Schmuki, Patrik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: "Black" TiO2 has gained increasing interest because of its outstanding properties and promising applications in a wide range of fields. Among the outstanding features of the material is that certain synthesis processes lead to the formation of an intrinsic co-catalytic center and thus enable noble-metal free photocatalytic H2 generation. In this work, we report "grey TiO2" by an appropriate hydrogenation treatment exhibits excellent photocatalytic hydrogen. In this case, by the employment of thermally stable and high-surface-area TiO2 nanoparticles as well as mesoporous particles as the hydrogenation precursor, the appropriate extent of reduction of TiO2 (coloration) and the formation of Ti3+ is the key for the efficient noble-metal-free photocatalytic H2 generation. The EPR results reveal that "grey TiO2" shows stronger Ti3+ feature at g ca. 1.93 than "black TiO2" contributing to the intrinsic catalytic center for H2 evolution.
The challenges of integrated river basin management in India: issues in transferring successful river basin management models to the developing world
Creators: name: International Water Management Institute, IWMI-TATA Water Policy Program
name: International Water Management Institute, IWMI-TATA Water Policy Program
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: River basins
subject: Hydrology
subject: Water management
subject: Water harvesting
subject: Groundwater management
subject: Drip irrigation
subject: Institutional development

description: The problems that river basin institutions in the developed world successfully address—such as pollution, sediment buildup in rivers and the degradation of wetlands—are not the top priorities for Indian policy makers and people. The items that do top Indian agendas—providing access to water for drinking and growing food, eradicating poverty, and stopping groundwater overexploitation—are either unresolved in the developed world or have become irrelevant due to economic development. This does not mean that India and other developing countries cannot learn valuable lessons from models for Integrated River Basin Management. Loosely structured River Basin Organizations, such as Southeast Asia’s Mekong Commission, can contribute to basin welfare by serving as a coordinating mechanism. They can facilitate dialogue and negotiation on resource allocation among organized stakeholders and representative bodies (such as national or state governments sharing a river basin). But River Basin Organizations by themselves cannot be expected to address the more fundamental issues that water sectors in India must contend with.
Additional file 8 of Identification and characterization of a new soybean promoter induced by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, the causal agent of Asian soybean rust
Creators: name: L. Cabre
name: S. Peyrard
name: C. Sirven
name: L. Gilles
name: B. Pelissier
name: Ducerf, S.
name: N. Poussereau
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 8: Figure S7. GmCHIT1 promoter expression following salicylic acid treatment. (a) GFP fluorescence in line 131 (pGmCHIT1:GFP) and WT detached leaves following SA (+) or mock (-) treatments. Graphics represent the fluorescence intensity measured with MetaMorph software via grayscale value. Mean of 20 biological replicates ± standard errors. No significant difference between treated (+) and untreated (-) leaves (Student’s t-test, p < 0.05). Representative images of the observed fluorescence are shown under the graphs. Bar-scales represent 5mm. Observations were realized at 24, 48 and 72 hours after hormonal treatment with a dissection scope (Leica Z16 APO) under GFP filter. (b) Relative expression of GmPR1 (GenBank: BU5773813), GmPR2 (GenBank: M37753), GmPR3 (GenBank: AF202731) in event 131 (pGmCHIT1:GFP) after SA treatment. Transcript accumulation at 24 and 48 hours compared to that in the mock-treated plants. The actin (GenBank: NM_001289231.2) and an elongation factor (GenBank: NM_001249608.2) encoding genes were used as references [32]. Three independent biological replicates ± standard deviations. *: significant difference between treated and untreated leaves determined by a Student’s t-test (p
Additional file 9 of Identification and characterization of a new soybean promoter induced by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, the causal agent of Asian soybean rust
Creators: name: L. Cabre
name: S. Peyrard
name: C. Sirven
name: L. Gilles
name: B. Pelissier
name: Ducerf, S.
name: N. Poussereau
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 9: Table S2. Primers used for PCR and qPCR. *from Hirschburger et al., 2015 [32], ** from Mazarei et al., 2007 [64], *** from Zhong et al., 2014 [70].
SUSTAINABLE EFFICIENCY OF FIRMS WHEN NEW SUSTAINABILITY TARGETS ARE INTRODUCED
Creators: name: Mondelaers, Koen
name: Kuosmanen, Timo
name: Van Passel, Steven
name: Buysse, Jeroen
name: Lauwers, Ludwig H.
name: Van Huylenbroeck, Guido
name: Mondelaers, Koen
name: Kuosmanen, Timo
name: Van Passel, Steven
name: Buysse, Jeroen
name: Lauwers, Ludwig H.
name: Van Huylenbroeck, Guido
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Efficiency analysis
subject: sustainability
subject: DEA
subject: directional distance vectors

description: There is a high potential for simultaneously increasing sustainability of the earth system and economic development by removing inefficiencies currently present both at the production input and output side. In this paper a static view on sustainability is employed, by introducing capacity constraints as the boundaries above (or below) which the system cannot maintain its stable state. Currently these capacity constraints are often not respected. In this paper it is shown how the efficiency improvement pathway of an industry and the firms within it can be calculated to come to a sustainable, profit maximizing state, given the existence of these capacity constraints.
Topological Gravity, the Hierarchy Problem and Axion Physics
Creators: name: Almeida, Carlos Alberto Santos
name: Tahim, Makarius Oliveira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the last years higher dimensional physics has won importance. Despite the Superstrings, higher dimensional effects, in measurable scales of energy (some TeV), became only possible with Randall-Sundrum's models (RS). In particular, recent studies in neutrino and axion physics have proposed new and interesting questions about neutrino mixings and new scales intermediating the Weak and Planck scales. In this work we discuss field theoretic models that in some aspects are similar to the RS models. Indeed, our models contain domain walls, solitonic-like objects that mimics the branes of the RS models. Applications are discussed ranging from topological field theories in higher dimensions until models containing D=5 space-time torsion in the RS scenario. In particular, we talk about subjects related to topological gravity, the hierarchy problem and axion physics. The topological terms studied are generalizations for $D>4$ of the axion-foton coupling in D=4. Such procedure involves naturally the Kalb-Ramond field. By dimensional reductions we obtain topological terms of the $B\wedge F$ type in D=4 Chern-Simons-like and $B\wedge\partialϕ$ type both in D=3.
description: 5 pages, Seminar presented at IV International Winter Conference on Mathematical Methods in Physics, 09-13 August 2004, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Gum arabic production and marketing in Senegal: interlocked transactions and supply chain implications
Creators: name: Mujawamariya, Gaudiose
name: D'Haese, Marijke F.C.
name: Mujawamariya, Gaudiose
name: D'Haese, Marijke F.C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: interlocking
subject: contracts
subject: semi-arid lands
subject: market participation
subject: gum arabic

description: Interlocked relationships are characterised by traders’ supply of inputs and cash to producers on credit, to be reimbursed at sale time based on pre-defined prices which are often lower than the prevailing market price. The study analyses determinants of choice for interlocking in the gum arabic sector in Senegal and the effect of interlocking on gum production and market participation; gum arabic is a natural exudates of Acacia Senegal trees that grow in the semi-arid lands of Africa. Data from 422 gum producers in Northern and Eastern regions of Senegal are used. About 45percent of respondents are involved into interlocking with village shop-owners or mobile traders. Interlocking has a negative effect on prices received by gum collectors. However, in the absence of effective credit markets, interlocking positively influences market participation and production as found through a two-step Heckman selection model by the provision of market assurance and safety for emergencies.
Overture (2012)
Creators: name: Lien, Ya-Wen
Publisher: name: [place of publication unknown] : [publisher not identified]
Year: 2024

description: "Overture" (2012) is a music composition for five percussionists written and published by the composer Ya-Wen Lien. It is offered in full score and parts: Tom Tom Woodblock; Bongs, Conga, Cowbell; Timpani, Chinese Cymbal; Chinese Paidrum, Chinese Yun-Gong; Bass Drum, Tambourine. When printed from the electronic score, the work is eight pages in length.
Additional file 6 of Identification and characterization of a new soybean promoter induced by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, the causal agent of Asian soybean rust
Creators: name: L. Cabre
name: S. Peyrard
name: C. Sirven
name: L. Gilles
name: B. Pelissier
name: Ducerf, S.
name: N. Poussereau
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 6: Figure S5. The GmCHIT1 promoter and potential cis-regulatory elements identified. (a) List of the cis-regulatory elements related to pathogen infection identified in the GmCHIT1 promoter. (b) Map of the GmCHIT1 promoter. AUX: auxin responsive element, GA: gibberellic acid responsive elements, MYB: MYB recognition elements, GT1-box: pathogen and NaCl responsive elements, W-box: pathogen responsive elements, TSS: transcription start site.
Influence of Ti$_3^+$ Defect-type on Heterogeneous Photocatalytic H$_2$ Evolution Activity of TiO$_2$
Creators: name: Mohajernia, Shiva
name: Andryskova, Pavlina
name: Zoppellaro, Giorgio
name: Hejazi, Seyedsina
name: Kment, Stepan
name: Zboril, Radek
name: Schmuki, Patrik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Reduced titanium dioxide has recently attracted large attention, particularly for its unique co-catalyst-free H$_2$ heterogeneous photocatalytic application. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of the reduced TiO$_2$ was previously ascribed to the introduction of point crystal defects (mainly Ti$_3^+$ centers), which result in the formation of intrinsic co-catalytic centers and enhanced visible light absorption. In this work, we systematically investigate the effect of different defects in the TiO$_{2-x}$ lattice on photocatalytic H$_2$ evolution. To introduce different types of defects, thermal annealing in air (oxidative), Ar (inert), Ar/H$_2$ (reducing), and H$_2$ (reducing) atmospheres were performed on commercially available anatase nanopowder. Then, the powders were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) to clarify the effect of treatment on material properties. Furthermore, the defect types were characterized by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. We show that thermal annealing in different atmospheres can form different amounts of different defect types in the TiO$_2$ structure. The highest photocatalytic activation is achieved by annealing the anatase powder in a reducing atmosphere for an appropriate temperature/annealing time. By combining the results from H$_2$ generation and EPR analysis we show that the simultaneous presence of two types of defects, i.e. surface exposed Ti$_3^+$ and lattice embedded Ti$_3^+$ centers, in an optimum low concentration, is the determining factor for an optimized photocatalytic H$_2$ evolution rate. In fact, annealing anatase powder under the so-reported optimized conditions in reducing atmosphere leads to the generation of a considerable amount of H$_2$, with rates as high as 338 $μ$molh-1g-1.
The environmental impact of end-of-life vehicle legislation and vehicle use in Europe and North America
Creators: name: Gerrard, Jason
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This 'manuscript-based' thesis investigates the environmental consequences of current practices and recent developments in the automotive industry. The first manuscript (Chapter 2) analyses the effect of the European End-of-Life Vehicle Directive (2000) on the environmental performance and level of 'green' innovation in the European automotive industry. The research methodology consists primarily of a review of publicly available academic, governmental and commercial literature. The results show that legislative factors and market forces have led to innovations in recycling, increased hazardous substance removal and improved information dissemination. Such actions may be sufficient to reach ELV Directive targets and could have spill-over benefits to other industries. Carmakers are also taking steps to design for recycling and for disassembly. However, movement towards design for re-use and remanufacturing is limited. This research also highlighted the lack of knowledge about the major economy-wide heavy metal releases resulting from car use. The analysis behind the second manuscript (Chapter 3) was conducted in order to fill this information gap. The methodology involved using Economic Input-Output Life Cycle Assessment in conjunction with other life cycle techniques to assess the economy wide releases of lead, cadmium and their compounds during the life cycle of an average light-duty> vehicle in the United States. The results show that lead and cadmium are released into the environment primarily during manufacturing of the original vehicle and replacement parts. Loss of wheel balance-weights during use, battery recycling inefficiencies and lead emitted during disposal of other end-of-life parts also contribute significantly to lead discharges. Consequently, mitigation efforts should focus on minimising releases from metal mining, maximising collection and recycling efficiencies of lead-acid batteries, implementing alternatives to lead wheel weights and minimising the lead content of other components. A significant portion of releases resulted from sources other than the lead and cadmium contained in the car. Thus legislating heavy metals out of vehicles will not eliminate all the lead and cadmium emitted due to automobile use. Accordingly, these manuscripts reinforce the importance of developing environmental management strategies that reflect the economy-wide impacts of vehicle manufacture, use and recovery.
Direct Detection of the Wino- and Higgsino-like Neutralino Dark Matters at One-Loop Level
Creators: name: Hisano, Junji
name: Matsumoto, Shigeki
name: Nojiri, Mihoko M.
name: Saito, Osamu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The neutralino-nucleon (\tildeχ^0-N) scattering is an important process for direct dark matter searches. In this paper we discuss one-loop contributions to the cross section in the wino-like and Higgsino-like LSP cases. The neutralino-nucleon scattering mediated by the Higgs \tildeχ^0\tildeχ^0 and Z\tildeχ^0\tildeχ^0 couplings at tree level is suppressed by the gaugino-Higgsino mixing at tree level when the neutralino is close to a weak eigenstate. The one-loop contribution to the cross section, generated by the gauge interaction, is not suppressed by any SUSY particle mass or mixing in the wino- and Higgsino-like LSP cases. It may significantly alter the total cross section when σ_{\tildeχ^0 N}\sim 10^{-45} cm^2 or less.
description: 26 pages, 9 figures. Version to be published in Physical Review D
Simplified calculations of plasma oscillations with non-extensive statistics
Creators: name: Nieves, José F.
name: Verges, John D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the exponential parametrization of the nonextensive distribution to calculate the dielectric constant in an electron gas obeying the nonextensive statistics. As we show, the exponential parametrization allows us to make such calculations in a straightforward way, bypassing the use of intricate formulas obtained from integral tables and/or numerical methods. For illustrative purposes, we apply first the method to the calculation of the permittivity and the corresponding dispersion relation in the ultrarelativistic limit of the electron gas, and verify that it reproduces in a simple way the results that had been obtained previously by other authors using the standard parametrization of the nonextensive distribution. In the same spirit we revisit the calculation of the same quantities for a non-relativistic gas, in the high frequency limit, which has been previously carried out, first by Lima, Silva and Santos, and subsequently revised by Chen and Li. Our own results agree with those obtained by Chen and Li. For completeness, we also apply the method the low frequency limit in the non-relativistic case, which has been previously considered by Dai, Chen and Li in the context of the stream plasma instability. We discuss some features of the results obtained in each case and their interpretation of terms of generalized nonextensive quantities, such as the Debye length $λ_{D}^{(q)}$, the plasma frequency $ω_{p}^{(q)}$ and the ultra-relativistic frequency $Ω^{(q)}_{e,rel}$. In the limit $q \rightarrow 1$ such quantities reduce to their classical value and the classical result of the dispersion relations are reproduced.
description: Version accepted for publication in The European Physical Journal D (EPJ D)
Resonant CP Violation in MSSM Higgs Production and Decay at $γγ$ Colliders
Creators: name: Ellis, John
name: Lee, Jae Sik
name: Pilaftsis, Apostolos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study CP-violating phenomena in the production, mixing and decay of a coupled system of CP-violating neutral Higgs bosons at γγcolliders, assuming a Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) Higgs sector in which CP violation is radiatively induced by phases in the soft supersymmetry-breaking gaugino masses and third-generation trilinear squark couplings. We discuss CP asymmetries in the production and decays of μ^+ μ^-, τ^+ τ^-, {\bar b} b and {\bar t} t pairs. We find large asymmetries when two (or all three) neutral Higgs bosons are nearly degenerate with mass differences comparable to their decay widths, as happens naturally in the CP-violating MSSM for values of \tanβ>~ 5(30) and large (small) charged Higgs-boson masses.
description: 31 pages, 18 figures, 1 table, muon-pair production channel considered, angle cut introduced, to appear in Nucl. Phys. B
Black and White Anatase, Rutile and Mixed Forms: Band-Edges and Photocatalytic Activity
Creators: name: Zhou, Xuemei
name: Wierzbicka, Ewa
name: Liu, Ning
name: Schmuki, Patrik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we investigate the band-level energetics of "black" hydrogenated titania in different polymorphs using in-situ photoelectrochemical measurements and XPS valence band measurements. We find that the conduction band of black rutile is higher in energy than in black anatase by 0.4 eV. For photocatalytic hydrogen generation, in a polymorph hetero-junction such as in black Degussa P25, thus black rutile can act as a photosensitizer while black anatase provides charge-mediation catalysis onto H2O to generate H2. By optimizing the thermal reduction conditions of black anatase/rutile junctions the H2 production can be significantly increased.
Introduction: Forest Health Monitoring Status, Trends and Analysis 2017
Creators: name: Potter, Kevin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 70505 Forestry Pests, Health and Diseases
subject: FOS: Agriculture, forestry and fisheries

description: Potter, K.M. 2018. Introduction. Chapter 1 in K.M. Potter and B.L. Conkling, eds., Forest Health Monitoring: National Status, Trends and Analysis, 2017. General Technical Report SRS-233. Asheville, North Carolina: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station. p. 7-20.

Healthy ecosystems are those that are stable and sustainable, able to maintain their organization and autonomy over time while remaining resilient to stress (Costanza 1992). Healthy forests are vital to our future (Edmonds and others 2011), and consistent, large-scale, and long-term monitoring of key indicators of forest health status, change, and trends is necessary to identify forest resources deteriorating across large regions (Riitters and Tkacz 2004). The Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) Program of the Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, with cooperating researchers within and outside the Forest Service and with State partners, quantifies status and trends in the health of U.S. forests. The analyses and results outlined in sections 1 and 2 of this FHM annual national report offer a snapshot of the current condition of U.S. forests from a national or multi-State regional perspective, incorporating baseline investigations of forest ecosystem health, examinations of change over time in forest health metrics, and assessments of developing threats to forest stability and sustainability. For datasets collected on an annual basis, analyses are presented from 2016 data. For datasets collected over several years, analyses are presented at a longer temporal scale. Finally, section 3 of this report presents summaries of results from recently completed Evaluation Monitoring (EM) projects that have been funded through the FHM national program to determine the extent, severity, and/or causes of specific forest health problems (FHM 2017).
Auxiliary-task Based Deep Reinforcement Learning for Participant Selection Problem in Mobile Crowdsourcing
Creators: name: Shen, Wei
name: He, Xiaonan
name: Zhang, Chuheng
name: Ni, Qiang
name: Dou, Wanchun
name: Wang, Yan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In mobile crowdsourcing (MCS), the platform selects participants to complete location-aware tasks from the recruiters aiming to achieve multiple goals (e.g., profit maximization, energy efficiency, and fairness). However, different MCS systems have different goals and there are possibly conflicting goals even in one MCS system. Therefore, it is crucial to design a participant selection algorithm that applies to different MCS systems to achieve multiple goals. To deal with this issue, we formulate the participant selection problem as a reinforcement learning problem and propose to solve it with a novel method, which we call auxiliary-task based deep reinforcement learning (ADRL). We use transformers to extract representations from the context of the MCS system and a pointer network to deal with the combinatorial optimization problem. To improve the sample efficiency, we adopt an auxiliary-task training process that trains the network to predict the imminent tasks from the recruiters, which facilitates the embedding learning of the deep learning model. Additionally, we release a simulated environment on a specific MCS task, the ride-sharing task, and conduct extensive performance evaluations in this environment. The experimental results demonstrate that ADRL outperforms and improves sample efficiency over other well-recognized baselines in various settings.
description: Accepted by CIKM 2020
LA CONTRAINTE PHYSIQUE DANS L'ART PARIÉTAL DU TARDIGLACIAIRE ET SON INFLUENCE SUR LA VARIABILITÉ ICONOGRAPHIQUE
Creators: name: TRUMEL, Gauthier
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018

description: Les peintres et les graveurs du Magdalénien moyen/supérieur ont pénétré dans des cavernes profondes, les ont exploré et les ont investi de leurs graphismes. Ils n'ont pas hésité parfois à adopter des positions inconfortables et à oeuvrer dans des espaces peu aisés.Ce travail se base sur un corpus de 3 sites magdaléniens (Le Tuc d'Audoubert, Niaux et El Pindal) et dévoile d'abord la proportion des situations contraintes rencontrées par rapport à l'ensemble des motifs, ainsi que leurs natures.A l'aide des Analyses Factorielles des Correspondances, nous étudions les motifs concernés par la contrainte pour identifier l'existence ou non d'un impact sur les choix graphiques. Ces données sont observées à l'échelle intra et inter-sites pour déceler des tendances.Il s'avère alors que des tendances existent mais qu'elles ne s'expriment qu'au sein d'un même site et qu'elles divergent d'une grotte à l'autre.
Economic Feasibility of a Mobile Fast Pyrolysis System for Sustainable Bio-crude Oil Production
Creators: name: Palma, Marco A.
name: Richardson, James W.
name: Roberson, Brad E.
name: Ribera, Luis A.
name: Outlaw, Joe L.
name: Munster, Clyde
name: Palma, Marco A.
name: Richardson, James W.
name: Roberson, Brad E.
name: Ribera, Luis A.
name: Outlaw, Joe L.
name: Munster, Clyde
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Production Economics
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: biofuels
subject: pyrolysis
subject: economic analysis

description: This paper analyzed the economic feasibility of a mobile bioenergy pyrolysis system using a Monte Carlo simulation model. Pyrolysis transforms any cellulosic materials into i) a bio-oil similar to crude oil ii) a synthesis gas similar to natural gas, and iii) a bio-charcoal substance. The pyrolyzer machine is currently being manufactured and tested with various types of feed-stocks including corn stover and energy sorghum. The economic analysis focused on creating an automated process that integrates a transportation logistics cost optimization model with geo-graphic information system (GIS) data. The geographic data provides possible paths for the mo-bile bioenergy pyrolysis unit as it moves to and from each harvest area, depending on stochastic availability of feedstock (determined by historical crop yields) and distance to oil refineries. The results indicated that there is a low probability of a positive Net Present Value (NPV) with cur-rent economic conditions. In general, the NPV was highest with a stationary scenario and it de-creased with additional moving times. A sensitivity analysis is presented to assess the potential probability of success of a mobile pyrolysis system under alternative oil prices and feedstock costs scenarios.
description: The Official journal of IFAMA. www.ifama.org
Multicycle terahertz pulse generation by optical rectification in LiNbO$_3$, LiTaO$_3$, and BBO crystals
Creators: name: Jang, Dogeun
name: Kim, Ki-Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report multicycle, narrowband, terahertz radiation at 14.8 THz produced by phase-matched optical rectification of femtosecond laser pulses in bulk lithium niobate (LiNbO$_3$) crystals. Our experiment and simulation show that the output terahertz energy greatly enhances when the input laser pulse is highly chirped, contrary to a common optical rectification process. We find this abnormal behavior is attributed to a linear electro-optic (or Pockels) effect, in which the laser pulse propagating in LiNbO$_3$ is modulated by the terahertz field it produces, and this in turn drives optical rectification more effectively to produce the terahertz field. This resonant cascading effect can greatly increase terahertz conversion efficiencies when the input laser pulse is properly pre-chirped with additional third order dispersion. We also observe similar multicycle terahertz emission from lithium tantalate (LiTaO$_3$) at 14 THz and barium borate (BBO) at 7 THz, 10.6 THz, and 14.6 THz, all produced by narrowband phase-matched optical rectification.
description: 17 pages, 11 figures
典型社区构建5G技术背景下社区健康服务系统的案例研究
Creators: name: Fang, Liu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 80302 Computer System Architecture
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: 典型社区构建5G技术背景下社区健康服务系统的案例研究
Ionization Yield in Silicon for eV-Scale Electron-Recoil Processes
Creators: name: Ramanathan, Karthik
name: Kurinsky, Noah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The development of single charge resolving, macroscopic silicon detectors has opened a window into rare processes at the O(eV) scale. In order to reconstruct the energy of a given event, or model the charge signal obtained for a given amount of energy absorbed by the electrons in a detector, an accurate charge yield model is needed. In this paper we review existing measurements of charge yield in Silicon, focusing in particular on the region below 1 keV. We highlight a calibration gap between 12-50 eV (referred to as the "UV-gap") and employ a phenomenological model of impact ionization to explore the likely charge yield in this energy regime. Finally, we explore the impact of variations in this model on a test case, that of dark matter scattering off electrons, to illustrate the scientific impact of uncertainties in charge yield.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures
Cosmic Star Formation History and its Dependence on Galaxy Stellar Mass
Creators: name: Juneau, S.
name: Glazebrook, K.
name: Crampton, D.
name: McCarthy, P. J.
name: Savaglio, S.
name: Abraham, R. G.
name: Carlberg, R. G.
name: Chen, H. -W.
name: Borgne, D. Le
name: Marzke, R. O.
name: Roth, K.
name: Jorgensen, I.
name: Hook, I.
name: Murowinski, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the cosmic star formation rate (SFR) and its dependence on galaxy stellar mass over the redshift range 0.8 < z < 2 using data from the Gemini Deep Deep Survey (GDDS). The SFR in the most massive galaxies (M > 10^{10.8} M_sun) was six times higher at z = 2 than it is today. It drops steeply from z = 2, reaching the present day value at z ~ 1. In contrast, the SFR density of intermediate mass galaxies (10^{10.2} < M < 10^{10.8} M_sun) declines more slowly and may peak or plateau at z ~ 1.5. We use the characteristic growth time t_SFR = rho_M / rho_SFR to provide evidence of an associated transition in massive galaxies from a burst to a quiescent star formation mode at z ~ 2. Intermediate mass systems transit from burst to quiescent mode at z ~ 1, while the lowest mass objects undergo bursts throughout our redshift range. Our results show unambiguously that the formation era for galaxies was extended and proceeded from high to low mass systems. The most massive galaxies formed most of their stars in the first ~3 Gyr of cosmic history. Intermediate mass objects continued to form their dominant stellar mass for an additional ~2 Gyr, while the lowest mass systems have been forming over the whole cosmic epoch spanned by the GDDS. This view of galaxy formation clearly supports `downsizing' in the SFR where the most massive galaxies form first and galaxy formation proceeds from larger to smaller mass scales.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJL
Hadronic EDMs in SUSY SU(5) GUTs with Right-handed Neutrinos
Creators: name: Hisano, Junji
name: Kakizaki, Mitsuru
name: Nagai, Minoru
name: Shimizu, Yasuhiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss hadronic EDM constraints on the neutrino sector in the SUSY SU(5) GUT with the right-handed neutrinos. The hadronic EDMs are sensitive to the right-handed down-type squark mixings, especially between the second and third generations and between the first and third ones, compared with the other low-energy observables, and the flavor mixings are induced by the neutrino Yukawa interaction. The current experimental bound of the neutron EDM may imply that the right-handed tau neutrino mass is smaller than about 10^{14} GeV in the minimal supergravity scenario, and it may be improved furthermore in future experiments, such as the deuteron EDM measurement.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures; comments and 2 figures added
Additional file 2 of Stillbirths including intrapartum timing: EN-BIRTH multi-country validation study
Creators: name: Peven, Kimberly
name: Day, Louise T.
name: Ruysen, Harriet
name: Tazeen Tahsina
name: KC, Ashish
name: Shabani, Josephine
name: Kong, Stefanie
name: Shafiqul Ameen
name: Omkar Basnet
name: Rajib Haider
name: Rahman, Qazi Sadeq-Ur
name: Blencowe, Hannah
name: Lawn, Joy E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. STROBE checklist of items that should be included in reports of observational studies.