cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Automated probabilistic transformation of a large medical diagnostic support system.
Creators: name: Li, Yu-Chuan
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2012
Subjects: Medical Diagnostic
Iliad

description: liad is a medical diagnostic decision support system with a very large knowledge base (KB) focused on internal medicine diseases. It uses a special knowledge representation (KR) (the Iliad-KR) for flexible and efficient encoding of medical knowledge. Due to the heuristic nature of the Iliad-KR, probabilities generated by the system have been found to be less than sound. In this dissertation, I proposed a probabilistic KR named Bayesian networks as an alternative to the Iliad-KR and describe a set of algorithms that can transform any KB in Iliad-KR form into a Bayesian network automatically. A two-part experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of the Iliad-KR and the Bayesian network alternative. The first part was a feasibility. Here I transformed a small KB into Bayesian network form and used a set of statistical performance indices to evaluate the probabilities generated by the Iliad-KR and the Bayesian network model respectively. This study demonstrated the feasibility of such transformation and also suggested that the Bayesian network model is more reliable and discriminative than the Iliad-KR model. The second part of the experiment was a behavioral study. Here the complete Iliad KB for internal medicine was transformed into a large Bayesian network. Twenty patients from two domains of internal medicine were evaluated by four subspecialists from these domains (two in each domain). Diagnostic suggestions generated by the Iliad-KR and the Bayesian network models were given to these physicians and the impact of these suggestions on the physicians' diagnostic decision was measured. The results suggested that computerized diagnostic systems can affect the behavior of physicians and that the Bayesian network model had more positive influence on physicians' diagnosis than the Iliad-KR model.
The cause and consequence of fiber cell compaction in the vertebrate lens
Creators: name: Bassnett, Steven
name: Costello, M. Joseph
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Fiber cells of the ocular lens are arranged in a series of concentric shells. New growth shells are added continuously to the lens surface and, as a consequence, the preexisting shells are buried. To focus light, the refractive index of the lens cytoplasm must exceed that of the surrounding aqueous and vitreous humors, and to that end, lens cells synthesize high concentrations of soluble proteins, the crystallins. To correct for spherical aberration, it is necessary that the crystallin concentration varies from shell-to-shell, such that cellular protein content is greatest in the center of the lens. The radial variation in protein content underlies the critical gradient index (GRIN) structure of the lens. Only the outermost shells of lens fibers contain the cellular machinery necessary for protein synthesis. It is likely, therefore, that the GRIN (which spans the synthetically inactive, organelle-free zone of the lens) does not result from increased levels of protein synthesis in the core of the lens but is instead generated through loss of volume by inner fiber cells. Because volume is lost primarily in the form of cell water, the residual proteins in the central lens fibers can be concentrated to levels of >500 mg/ml. In this short review, we describe the process of fiber cell compaction, its relationship to lens growth and GRIN formation, and offer some thoughts on the likely nature of the underlying mechanism.
The ability of a select group of nurses to assess drug-induced movement disorder in an elderly person: a pilot study.
Creators: name: Willson, Laurie Ellen
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2012
Subjects: Tardive dyskinesia
Mental Health

description: The purpose of this pilot study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of preparing long-term care nurses without previous education in movement disorder assessment to make reliable assessments. A nurse practitioner-led educational intervention was utilized. A balanced pretest-posttest design was used to evaluate the development of assessment skills in two different comparison groups (n = 12). Both groups received videotaped instruction in drug-induced movement disorder assessment. One group received additional training: an in-person evaluation of a hospital inpatient. Data were collected using the Diskinesia Identification System: Condensed User Scale (DISCUS) evaluations of videotape case studies before and after each of two sequential educational interventions. The two-tailed t-test was utilized to evaluate significant differences in mean total DISCUS scores for the pretest and two posttests of the two groups. Statistical significance (p < 0.05) was not reached, perhaps due to the small sample size. The implications of the study included all subjects consistently identified the absence of drug-induced movements; demonstrated increased use of correct clinical terminology; and reported gaining new knowledge.
Overlap functions for measures in conformal iterated function systems
Creators: name: Mihailescu, Eugen
name: Urbanski, Mariusz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 28A80, 28D05, 37C45

description: We study conformal iterated function systems (IFS) $\mathcal S = \{ϕ_i\}_{i \in I}$ with arbitrary overlaps, and measures $μ$ on limit sets $Λ$, which are projections of equilibrium measures $\hat μ$ with respect to a certain lift map $Φ$ on $Σ_I^+ \times Λ$. No type of Open Set Condition is assumed. We introduce a notion of overlap function and overlap number for such a measure $\hat μ$ with respect to $\mathcal S$; and, in particular a notion of (topological) overlap number $o(\mathcal S)$. These notions take in consideration the $n$-chains between points in the limit set. We prove that $o(\mathcal S, \hat μ)$ is related to a conditional entropy of $\hat μ$ with respect to the lift $Φ$. Various types of projections to $Λ$ of invariant measures are studied. We obtain upper estimates for the Hausdorff dimension $HD(μ)$ of $μ$ on $Λ$, by using pressure functions and $o(\mathcal S, \hat μ)$. In particular, this applies to projections of Bernoulli measures on $Σ_I^+$. Next, we apply the results to Bernoulli convolutions $ν_λ$ for $λ\in (\frac 12, 1)$, which correspond to self-similar measures determined by composing, with equal probabilities, the contractions of an IFS with overlaps $\mathcal S_λ$. We prove that for all $λ\in (\frac 12, 1)$, there exists a relation between $HD(ν_λ)$ and the overlap number $o(\mathcal S_λ)$. The number $o(\mathcal S_λ)$ is approximated with integrals on $Σ_2^+$ with respect to the uniform Bernoulli measure $ν_{(\frac 12, \frac 12)}$. We also estimate $o(\mathcal S_λ)$ for certain values of $λ$.
Effects of resistance training on classic and specific bioelectrical impedance vector analysis in elderly women
Creators: name: Smith-Ryan, Abbie E.
name: Moon, Jordan R.
name: Kendall, Kristina L.
name: Fukuda, David H.
name: Hoffman, Jay R.
name: Stout, Jeffrey R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Raw bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) data [resistance (R); reactance (Xc)] through bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) and phase angle (PhA) have been used to evaluate cellular function and hydration status. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of resistance training (RT) on classic and specific BIVA in elderly women. Twenty women (mean ± SD; age: 71.9 ± 6.9 years; BMI: 24.5 ± 3.0 kg m(-2)) completed a 6-month RT program. Whole-body, single-frequency BIA, body geometry, and leg strength (5RM) measures were completed at baseline (t0), 3 months (t3), and 6 months (t6). The mean impedance vector displacements were compared using Hotelling's T(2) test to evaluate changes in R and Xc relative to height (R/ht; Xc/ht) or body volume (Rsp; Xcsp) estimated from the arms, legs, and trunk. 5RM, PhA, and BIVA variables were compared using ANOVA. PhA improved at t6 (p < 0.01), while 5RM improved at t3 and t6 (p < 0.01). Using classic BIVA, 6 months (T(2) = 31.6; p < 0.01), but not 3 months of RT (T(2) = 4.5; p = 0.20), resulted in significant vector migration. Using specific BIVA, 6 months (T(2) = 24.4; p < 0.01), but not 3 months of RT (T(2) = 5.5; p = 0.10), also resulted in significant vector migration. 5RM was correlated to both PhA (r = 0.48-56) and Xcsp (r = 0.45-53) at all time points. Vector displacements were likely the result of improved cellular integrity (Xcsp) and cellular health (PhA).
Computerized management of cardiac arrhythmias.
Creators: name: White, Ruth Deborah Goldberg
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2012
Subjects: Decision Making
Data Processing

description: A computerized system has been developed for the management of arrhythmias for patients in the coronary care unit (CCU). The project involved formalizing the arrhythmia management logic of physicians into a succession of modular steps. Using this medical logic a computerized arrhythmia management system (CAM) has been developed. The system provides the updating of both the patientâ€™s database in real time, and the medical logic. The ease with which the medical logic can be updated prevents errors in the treatment recommended by CAM and gives CAM an important educational role. When CAM is activated a menu is displayed don the terminal allowing an update of the patientâ€™s database and providing the physician with an option to enter treatment preferences for certain arrhythmias. When CAM recommends a treatment plan it also gives the reasoning behind the choice, thus making CAM more acceptable by allowing the physician to understand the loci and the key dta used for a specific patient treatment plan. CAM as presented in this thesis has been tested on 27 patients in the CCU. On all patients CAM gave recommendation identical to those that were found to be effective in the CCU. Management plans for arrhythmias not represented by actual patients gave satisfactory results when tested with simulated databases. CAM is an intrinsic part of the medical computerized HELP system operated in the LDS hospital and widens the effectiveness of this system in the CCU.
Measurements of effective delayed neutron fraction in a fast neutron reactor using the perturbation method
Creators: name: Zhou, Hao-Jun
name: Yin, Yan-Peng
name: Fan, Xiao-Qiang
name: Li, Zheng-Hong
name: Pu, Yi-Kang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The perturbation method is proposed to obtain the effective delayed neutron fraction (\b{eta}eff) of a cylindrical highly enriched uranium reactor. Based on the reactivity measurements with and without a sample at a designable position using the positive periodic technique, the reactor reactivity perturbation Δ\r{ho} of the sample in \b{eta}eff units is measured. The simulation of the perturbation experiments are performed by MCNP program. The PERT card is used to provide the difference dk of effective neutron multiplication factors with and without the sample inside the reactor. Based on the relationship between the effective multiplication factor and the reactivity, the equation \b{eta}eff =dk/Δ\r{ho} is derived. In this paper, the reactivity perturbations of 13 metal samples at the designable position of the reactor are measured and calculated. The average \b{eta}eff value of the reactor is given as 0.00645, and the standard uncertainty is 3.0%. Additionally, the perturbation experiments for \b{eta}eff can be used to evaluate the reliabilities of the delayed neutron parameters. This work showed that the delayed neutron data of 235U and 238U from G.R.Keepin's publication are more reliable than those from ENDF-B6.0, ENDF-B7.0, JENDL3.3 and CENDL2.2.
Staavia glutinosa Dahl, Observ. Bot.
Creators: name: Claßen-Bockhoff, Regine
name: Oliver, Edward G. H.
name: Hall, Anthony V.
name: Quint, Marcus
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Bruniales
Bruniaceae
Staavia
Staavia glutinosa

description: Staavia glutinosa (P.J. Bergius) Dahl, Observ. Bot.: 17. 1787; Pillans in J. S. African Bot. 13: 176. 1947 ≡ Brunia glutinosa P.J. Bergius, Descr. Pl. Cap.: 57. 1767 – Lectotype (designated here by Oliver): Grubb s.n. (SBT-2.2.10.22).
description: Published as part of Claßen-Bockhoff, Regine, Oliver, Edward G. H., Hall, Anthony V. & Quint, Marcus, 2019, A new classification of the South African endemic family Bruniaceae based on molecular and morphological data, pp. 1138-1155 in TAXON 60 (4) on page 1147, DOI: 10.1002/tax.604016, http://zenodo.org/record/7590433
Role of senescence marker p16INK4a measured in peripheral blood T-lymphocytes in predicting length of hospital stay after coronary artery bypass surgery in older adults
Creators: name: Torrice, Chad
name: Walston, Jeremy D.
name: Pustavoitau, Aliaksei
name: Shah, Ashish S.
name: Bandeen Roche, Karen J.
name: Sharpless, Norman E.
name: Nyhan, Daniel
name: Berkowitz, Dan E.
name: Barodka, Viachaslau
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Adults older than 65 years undergo more than 120,000 coronary artery bypass (CAB) procedures each year in the United States. Chronological age alone, though commonly used in prediction models of outcomes after CAB, does not alone reflect variability in aging process; thus, the risk of complications in older adults. We performed a prospective study to evaluate a relationship between senescence marker p16INK4a expression in peripheral blood T-lymphocytes (p16 levels in PBTLs) with aging and with perioperative outcomes in older CAB patients. We included 55 patients age 55 and older, who underwent CAB in Johns Hopkins Hospital between September 1st, 2010 and March 25th, 2013. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data following outline of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons data collection form was collected, and p16 mRNA levels in PBTLs were measured using Taqman® qRT-PCR. Associations between p16 mRNA levels in PBTLs with length of hospital stay, frailty status, p16 protein levels in the aortic and left internal mammary artery tissue, cerebral oxygen saturation, and augmentation index as a measure of vascular stiffness were measured using regression analyses. Length of hospital stay was the primary outcome of interest, and major organ morbidity, mortality, and discharge to a skilled nursing facility were secondary outcomes. In secondary analysis, we evaluated associations between p16 mRNA levels in PBTLs and interleukin-6 levels using regression analyses. Median age of enrolled patients was 63.5 years (range 56-81 years), they were predominantly male (74.55%), of Caucasian descent (85.45%). Median log2(p16 levels in PBTLs) were 4.71 (range 1.10-6.82). P16 levels in PBTLs were significantly associated with chronological age (mean difference 0.06 for each year increase in age, 95% CI 0.01-0.11) and interleukin 6 levels (mean difference 0.09 for each pg/ml increase in IL-6 levels, 95% CI 0.01-0.18). There were no significant associations with frailty status, augmentation index, cerebral oxygenation and p16 protein levels in blood vessels. Increasing p16 levels in PBTLs did not predict length of stay in the hospital (HR 1.10, 95% CI 0.87-1.40) or intensive care unit (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.79-1.32). Additional evaluation of p16 levels in PBTLs as predictor of perioperative outcomes is required and should include additional markers of immune system aging as well as different outcomes after CAB in addition to length of hospital stay.
Scalar 3-point functions in CFT: renormalisation, beta functions and anomalies
Creators: name: Bzowski, Adam
name: McFadden, Paul
name: Skenderis, Kostas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a comprehensive discussion of renormalisation of 3-point functions of scalar operators in conformal field theories in general dimension. We have previously shown that conformal symmetry uniquely determines the momentum-space 3-point functions in terms of certain integrals involving a product of three Bessel functions (triple-K integrals). The triple-K integrals diverge when the dimensions of operators satisfy certain relations and we discuss how to obtain renormalised 3-point functions in all cases. There are three different types of divergences: ultralocal, semilocal and nonlocal, and a given divergent triple-K integral may have any combination of them. Ultralocal divergences may be removed using local counterterms and this results in new conformal anomalies. Semilocal divergences may be removed by renormalising the sources, and this results in CFT correlators that satisfy Callan-Symanzik equations with beta functions. In the case of non-local divergences, it is the triple-K representation that is singular, not the 3-point function. Here, the CFT correlator is the coefficient of the leading nonlocal singularity, which satisfies all the expected conformal Ward identities. Such correlators exhibit enhanced symmetry: they are also invariant under dual conformal transformations where the momenta play the role of coordinates. When both anomalies and beta functions are present the correlators exhibit novel analytic structure containing products of logarithms of momenta. We illustrate our discussion with numerous examples, including free field realisations and AdS/CFT computations.
description: 75 pages, 4 figures; v2: added comments and references, published version
Staavia phylicoides Pillans
Creators: name: Claßen-Bockhoff, Regine
name: Oliver, Edward G. H.
name: Hall, Anthony V.
name: Quint, Marcus
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Bruniales
Bruniaceae
Staavia
Staavia phylicoides

description: Staavia phylicoides Pillans in J. S. African Bot. 13: 172. 1947 – Type: Calvinia Div., Oorlogs Kloof, about 8 miles SSE of Niewoudtville, ca. 1900 ft., Sept 1930, Lavis in BOL 19633 (BOL-122663!, holo).
description: Published as part of Claßen-Bockhoff, Regine, Oliver, Edward G. H., Hall, Anthony V. & Quint, Marcus, 2019, A new classification of the South African endemic family Bruniaceae based on molecular and morphological data, pp. 1138-1155 in TAXON 60 (4) on page 1147, DOI: 10.1002/tax.604016, http://zenodo.org/record/7590433
Cuddle bathing: an alternative in newborn bathing
Creators: name: Geiser, Rosann
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Infant, Newborn
subject: Nursing
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: The purpose of this investigation was to facilitate mother-infant interaction by altering the bathing procedure so that it was less stressful for both the mother and her newborn. It was hypothesized that an infant will exhibit less distressed behavior during a cuddle bath (wrapped, warm, moist towel technique) than during a traditional sponge bath as measured by over-all excitation state. In addition, it was hypothesized that a mother will have more interaction with her infant during a cuddle bath than during a traditional sponge bath because of reduced distressful infant behavior. The sample consisted of 20 mother-infant pairs who had delivered in Salt Lake City hospitals. Each infant was alternately assigned to received either a traditional or cuddle bath on the third or fourth day of life in the home. They then received the other bath on the next day. Their behavior was continuously recorded by an observer according to over-all excitation score. Likewise, the mother's interactive behavior was scored every 15 seconds. The data indicated that more time was spent in the quiet states of 1 and 2 during the cuddle bath than during the traditional bath. They also showed that more time was spent in the distressed states 4, 5, and 6 during the traditional bath than during the cuddle bath. However, when these data were subjected to paired t-test analysis, there was significance only for state 2. There was no significant difference in the mother' interactive behavior during each of the baths. It was concluded that the cuddle bath is capable of producing quiet and stable states in the newborn. This alert inactivity will allow the infant to have meaningful contacts with the environment. Thus, the cuddle bath is a more positive alternative in newborn bathing.
Fluoride Induces a Volume Reduction in CA1 Hippocampal Slices Via MAP Kinase Pathway Through Volume Regulated Anion Channels
Creators: name: Lee, C. Justin
name: Tommerdahl, Mark
name: Lee, Jaekwang
name: Han, Young-Eun
name: Whitsel, Barry
name: Favorov, Oleg
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Regulation of cell volume is an important aspect of cellular homeostasis during neural activity. This volume regulation is thought to be mediated by activation of specific transporters, aquaporin, and volume regulated anion channels (VRAC). In cultured astrocytes, it was reported that swelling-induced mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activation is required to open VRAC, which are thought to be important in regulatory volume decrease and in the response of CNS to trauma and excitotoxicity. It has been also described that sodium fluoride (NaF), a recognized G-protein activator and protein phosphatase inhibitor, leads to a significant MAP kinase activation in endothelial cells. However, NaF's effect in volume regulation in the brain is not known yet. Here, we investigated the mechanism of NaF-induced volume change in rat and mouse hippocampal slices using intrinsic optical signal (IOS) recording, in which we measured relative changes in intracellular and extracellular volume as changes in light transmittance through brain slices. We found that NaF (1~5 mM) application induced a reduction in light transmittance (decreased volume) in CA1 hippocampus, which was completely reversed by MAP kinase inhibitor U0126 (10 µM). We also observed that NaF-induced volume reduction was blocked by anion channel blockers, suggesting that NaF-induced volume reduction could be mediated by VRAC. Overall, our results propose a novel molecular mechanism of NaF-induced volume reduction via MAP kinase signaling pathway by activation of VRAC.
Instabilities of layers of deposited molecules on chemically stripe patterned substrates: Ridges vs. drops
Creators: name: Honisch, Christoph
name: Lin, Te-Sheng
name: Heuer, Andreas
name: Thiele, Uwe
name: Gurevich, Svetlana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A mesoscopic continuum model is employed to analyse the transport mechanisms and structure formation during the redistribution stage of deposition experiments where organic molecules are deposited on a solid substrate with periodic stripe-like wettability patterns. Transversally invariant ridges located on the more wettable stripes are identified as very important transient states and their linear stability is analysed. It is found that there exist two different instability modes that result (i) at large ridge volume in the formation of bulges that spill from the more wettable stripes onto the less wettable bare substrate and (ii) at small ridge volume in the formation of small droplets located on the more wettable stripes. These predictions are confirmed by direct numerical simulations of the fully nonlinear evolution equation for two-dimensional substrates. In addition, the influence of different transport mechanisms during redistribution is investigated focusing on the cases of convective transport with no-slip at the substrate, transport via diffusion in the film bulk and via diffusion at the film surface. In particular, it is shown that the transport process does neither influence the linear stability thresholds nor the sequence of morphologies observed in the time simulation, but only the ratio of the time scales of the different process phases.
Foundations of Research Software Publication
Creators: name: Schlauch, Tobias
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: reproducibility
research software
good practice
software citation

description: We will provide you with actionable advice about how to prepare your research code before publishing it or submitting it alongside a research publication. This talk will cover the following topics: Code repository structuring Minimum coding practices Documentation Open source licensing Minimum software release practices Software citation We will discuss theses topics at the example of a data analysis script and will focus on minimum practices for every topic.
Staavia pinifolia Willd.
Creators: name: Claßen-Bockhoff, Regine
name: Oliver, Edward G. H.
name: Hall, Anthony V.
name: Quint, Marcus
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Bruniales
Bruniaceae
Staavia
Staavia pinifolia

description: Staavia pinifolia Willd. in Denkschr. Königl. Akad. Wiss. München 1: 133, t. 8 f. 2. 1809 – Type: sine loc., sinecoll. (B, Herb. Willdenow 4804, holo, [! EP]). = Staavia dregeana C. Presl. in Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 3: 469. 1845 – Lectotype (designatedhereby Oliver): Paarl Div., Drakenstein Mts, 3000–4000 ft, Drège 6873a (K-75834!).
description: Published as part of Claßen-Bockhoff, Regine, Oliver, Edward G. H., Hall, Anthony V. & Quint, Marcus, 2019, A new classification of the South African endemic family Bruniaceae based on molecular and morphological data, pp. 1138-1155 in TAXON 60 (4) on page 1147, DOI: 10.1002/tax.604016, http://zenodo.org/record/7590433
Umbilic Lines in Orientational Order
Creators: name: Machon, Thomas
name: Alexander, Gareth P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Three-dimensional orientational order in systems whose ground states possess non-zero, chiral gradients typically exhibits line-like structures or defects: $λ$ lines in cholesterics or Skyrmion tubes in ferromagnets for example. Here we show that such lines can be identified as a set of natural geometric singularities in a unit vector field, the generalisation of the umbilic points of a surface. We characterise these lines in terms of the natural vector bundles that the order defines and show that they give a way to localise and identify Skyrmion distortions in chiral materials -- in particular that they supply a natural representative of the Poincaré dual of the cocycle describing the topology. Their global structure leads to the definition of a self-linking number and helicity integral which relates the linking of umbilic lines to the Hopf invariant of the texture.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures
Blast waves from detonated military explosive reduce GluR1 and synaptophysin levels in hippocampal slice cultures
Creators: name: Benjamin, Richard
name: Farizatto, Karen L.
name: Smith, Marquitta
name: Almeida, Michael F.
name: Ghukasyan, Vladimir V.
name: Bahr, Ben A.
name: Pait, Morgan C.
name: Piehler, Thuvan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Explosives create shockwaves that cause blast-induced neurotrauma, one of the most common types of traumatic brain injury (TBI) linked to military service. Blast-induced TBIs are often associated with reduced cognitive and behavioral functions due to a variety of factors. To study the direct effects of military explosive blasts on brain tissue, we removed systemic factors by utilizing rat hippocampal slice cultures. The long-term slice cultures were briefly sealed air-tight in serum-free medium, lowered into a 37 °C water-filled tank, and small 1.7-gram assemblies of cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX) were detonated 15 cm outside the tank, creating a distinct shockwave recorded at the culture plate position. Compared to control mock-treated groups of slices that received equal submerge time, 1–3 blast impacts caused a dose-dependent reduction in the AMPA receptor subunit GluR1. While only a small reduction was found in hippocampal slices exposed to a single RDX blast and harvested 1–2 days later, slices that received two consecutive RDX blasts 4 min apart exhibited a 26–40% reduction in GluR1, and the receptor subunit was further reduced by 64–72% after three consecutive blasts. Such loss correlated with increased levels of HDAC2, a histone deacetylase implicated in stress-induced reduction of glutamatergic transmission. No evidence of synaptic marker recovery was found at 72 h post-blast. The presynaptic marker synaptophysin was found to have similar susceptibility as GluR1 to the multiple explosive detonations. In contrast to the synaptic protein reductions, actin levels were unchanged, spectrin breakdown was not detected, and Fluoro-Jade B staining found no indication of degenerating neurons in slices exposed to three RDX blasts, suggesting that small, sub-lethal explosives are capable of producing selective alterations to synaptic integrity. Together, these results indicate that blast waves from military explosive cause signs of synaptic compromise without producing severe neurodegeneration, perhaps explaining the cognitive and behavioral changes in those blast-induced TBI sufferers that have no detectable neuropathology.
Novel p75 neurotrophin receptor ligand stabilizes neuronal calcium, preserves mitochondrial movement and protects against HIV associated neuropathogenesis
Creators: name: Poulton, Winona
name: Clary, Gillian
name: Schriver, Michael
name: Longo, Frank M.
name: Meeker, Rick B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) rapidly penetrates into the brain and establishes a persistent infection of macrophages/microglia. Activation of these cells by HIV results in the secretion of soluble factors that destabilize neuronal calcium homeostasis, encourage oxidative stress and result in neural damage. This damage is thought to underlie the cognitive-motor dysfunction that develops in many HIV-infected patients. Studies have suggested that neurotrophins may protect neurons from the toxic effects of HIV-associated proteins. To better understand the pathogenic mechanisms and the neuroprotective potential of neurotrophin ligands, we evaluated neuronal damage, calcium homeostasis and mitochondrial functions after exposure of cultured rat neurons directly to HIV gp120 or to conditioned medium from human monocyte-derived macrophages treated with gp120. We then assessed the ability of a new non-peptide p75 neurotrophin receptor ligand, LM11A-31, to stabilize calcium homeostasis and prevent the development of pathology. Each toxic challenge resulted in a delayed accumulation of intracellular calcium coupled to a decrease in the rate of calcium clearance from the cell. The delayed calcium accumulation correlated with the development of focal dendritic swellings (beading), cytoskeletal damage and impaired movement of mitochondria. Addition of LM11A-31 to the cultures at nanomolar concentrations eliminated cell death, significantly reduced the pathology, suppressed the delayed accumulation of calcium and restored mitochondrial movements. The potent neuroprotection and the stabilization of calcium homeostasis indicate that LM11A-31 may have excellent potential for the treatment of HIV-associated neurodegeneration.
Staavia radiata Dahl. 1787
Creators: name: Claßen-Bockhoff, Regine
name: Oliver, Edward G. H.
name: Hall, Anthony V.
name: Quint, Marcus
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Bruniales
Bruniaceae
Staavia
Staavia radiata

description: Staavia radiata (L.) Dahl, Observ. Bot.: 15. 1787; Pillans in J. S. African Bot. 13: 170. 1947 ≡ Phylica radiata L., Cent. Pl. I: 8. 1755 – Lectotype (designated here by Oliver): Herb. Linn. 271.8 (LINN).
description: Published as part of Claßen-Bockhoff, Regine, Oliver, Edward G. H., Hall, Anthony V. & Quint, Marcus, 2019, A new classification of the South African endemic family Bruniaceae based on molecular and morphological data, pp. 1138-1155 in TAXON 60 (4) on page 1147, DOI: 10.1002/tax.604016, http://zenodo.org/record/7590433
A general approximation for the dynamics of quantitative traits
Creators: name: Boďová, Katarína
name: Tkačik, Gašper
name: Barton, Nicholas H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Selection, mutation and random drift affect the dynamics of allele frequencies and consequently of quantitative traits. While the macroscopic dynamics of quantitative traits can be measured, the underlying allele frequencies are typically unobserved. Can we understand how the macroscopic observables evolve without following these microscopic processes? The problem has previously been studied by analogy with statistical mechanics: the allele frequency distribution at each time is approximated by the stationary form, which maximizes entropy. We explore the limitations of this method when mutation is small ($4N\!μ<1$) so that populations are typically close to fixation and we extend the theory in this regime to account for changes in mutation strength. We consider a single diallelic locus under either directional selection, or with over-dominance, and then generalise to multiple unlinked biallelic loci with unequal effects. We find that the maximum entropy approximation is remarkably accurate, even when mutation and selection change rapidly.
Can Schwarzschild Black Holes Be Accelerators of Spinning Massive Particles?
Creators: name: Armaza, Cristóbal
name: Bañados, Máximo
name: Koch, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is known that the center-of-mass energy of the collision of two massive particles following geodesics around a black hole presents a maximum. The maximum energy increases when the black hole is endowed with spin, and for a maximally rotating hole this energy blows up, offering, in principle, a unique probe of fundamental physics. This work extends the latter studies by considering that the colliding particles possess intrinsic angular momentum (spin), described by the Hanson-Regge-Hojman theory of spinning particles. By analyzing planar trajectories of spinning particles around non-rotating black holes, a significant increase of the invariant collision energy is found. Radial turning points, causality constraints, and limitations of the theory are discussed.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Sex- and isoform-specific mechanism of neuroprotection by transgenic expression of P450 epoxygenase in vascular endothelium
Creators: name: Jouihan, Sari
name: Graves, Joan P.
name: Zhang, Wenri
name: Ronnekleiv, Oline
name: Wang, Ruikang
name: Lee, Craig R.
name: Xu, Yun
name: Edin, Matthew L.
name: Jia, Taiping
name: DeGraff, Laura M.
name: Alkayed, Nabil J.
name: Zeldin, Darryl C.
name: Davis, Catherine M.
name: Jia, Jia
name: Bradbury, J. Alyce
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Cytochrome P450 epoxygenases (CYP) metabolize arachidonic acid to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), which exhibit vasodilatory, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective actions in experimental cerebral ischemia. We evaluated the effect of endothelial-specific CYP overexpression on cerebral blood flow, inflammatory cytokine expression and tissue infarction after focal cerebral ischemia in transgenic mice.
Staavia staavioides A. V. Hall 2019, comb. nov.
Creators: name: Claßen-Bockhoff, Regine
name: Oliver, Edward G. H.
name: Hall, Anthony V.
name: Quint, Marcus
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Bruniales
Bruniaceae
Staavia
Staavia staavioides

description: Staavia staavioides (Sond.) A.V. Hall, comb. nov. ≡ Brunia staavioides Sond. in Harvey & Sonder, Fl. Cap. 2: 316. 1862 ≡ Raspalia staavioides (Sond.) Pillansin J. S. African Bot. 13: 154. 1947 – Lectotype (designated hereby Oliver): Drège s.n. ex herb. Sond. (S-G-8316). Placement of this species in Staavia is based on morphological data as anther morphology, flower arrangement, and two united styles; it was not included in the DNA analysis. Pillans (1947) included the species in Raspalia differing from Staavia in having free instead of united styles; however, he himself mentioned that Raspalia staavioides has “styles united except for the diverging tips” (Pillans, 1947: 154). The species shares the presence of stipules, amphistomatic leaves, and the petal bulge with all speciesin Staavia, and the general appearance with S. radiata.
description: Published as part of Claßen-Bockhoff, Regine, Oliver, Edward G. H., Hall, Anthony V. & Quint, Marcus, 2019, A new classification of the South African endemic family Bruniaceae based on molecular and morphological data, pp. 1138-1155 in TAXON 60 (4) on page 1147, DOI: 10.1002/tax.604016, http://zenodo.org/record/7590433
description: {"references": ["Pillans, N. S. 1947. A revision of Bruniaceae. J. S. African Bot. 13: 121 - 206."]}
Staavia trichotoma Pillans
Creators: name: Claßen-Bockhoff, Regine
name: Oliver, Edward G. H.
name: Hall, Anthony V.
name: Quint, Marcus
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Bruniales
Bruniaceae
Staavia
Staavia trichotoma

description: Staavia trichotoma (Thunb.) Pillans in J. S. African Bot. 13: 175. 1947 ≡ Phylica trichotoma Thunb., Prodr. Pl. Cap.: 187. 1794 – Type: e Cap. b. spei, sinecoll. [= Masson] (UPS-sheet 5517, holo – microfiche!). Placement of this species in Staavia is based on morphological data as anther morphology, flower arrangement, and two united styles; it was not included in the DNA analysis.
description: Published as part of Claßen-Bockhoff, Regine, Oliver, Edward G. H., Hall, Anthony V. & Quint, Marcus, 2019, A new classification of the South African endemic family Bruniaceae based on molecular and morphological data, pp. 1138-1155 in TAXON 60 (4) on page 1147, DOI: 10.1002/tax.604016, http://zenodo.org/record/7590433
Can attention to the intestinal microbiota improve understanding and treatment of anorexia nervosa?
Creators: name: Bulik, Cynthia M.
name: Kleiman, Susan C.
name: Bulik-Sullivan, Emily C.
name: Carroll, Ian M.
name: Carr, Jacquelyn
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is characterized by severe dietary restriction or other weight loss behaviors and exhibits the highest mortality rate of any psychiatric disorder. Therapeutic renourishment in AN is founded primarily on clinical opinion and guidelines, with a weak evidence base. Genetic factors do not fully account for the etiology of AN, and non-genetic factors that contribute to the onset and persistence of this disease warrant investigation. Compelling evidence that the intestinal microbiota regulates adiposity and metabolism, and more recently, anxiety behavior, provides a strong rationale for exploring the role of this complex microbial community in the onset, maintenance of, and recovery from AN. This review explores the relationship between the intestinal microbiota and AN and a potential role for this enteric microbial community as a therapy for this severe illness.
Giant isochoric compressibility of solid Helium-4: the bistability of superlcimbing dislocations
Creators: name: Kuklov, Anatoly
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A significant accumulation of matter in solid Helium-4 observed during the superflow events, dubbed as the giant isochoric compressibility (or the syringe effect), is discussed within the model of dislocations with superfluid core. It is shown that solid Helium-4 in a contact with superfluid reservoir can develop a bistability with respect to the syringe fraction, with the threshold for the bias by chemical potential determined by a typical free length of dislocations with superfluid core. The main implications of this effect are: hysteresis and strongly non-linear dynamical behavior leading to growth, proliferation and possibly exiting from a crystal of superclimbing dislocations. Three major channels for such dynamics are identified: i) injection and inflation of the prismatic loops from the boundary; ii) Bardeed-Herring generation of the loops in the bulk; iii) helical instability of the screw dislocations. It is argued that the current experiments are likely to be well in this regime. Several testable predictions for the time and the bias dependencies of the dynamics are suggested
description: replaced with the revised version: the section on helical instability of screw dislocation with superfluid core and references are added
Programmierkonzepte für die Umsetzung von Nutzungsrichtlinien in industriellen Datenräumen
Creators: name: Bruckner, Fabian
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Policy-agnostische Programmierung
subject: Programmiersprachen
subject: Codegenerierung
subject: Datennutzungskontrolle
subject: Remote Evaluation
subject: Mobile Code
subject: 004
subject: Programmiersprache
subject: Softwareentwicklung
subject: Datenschutz
subject: Souveränität

description: Daten haben sich im Laufe der Zeit immer mehr zu einem wertvollem Asset entwickelt. Aus diesem Grund ist für Rechteinhaber die Kontrolle über die eigenen Daten von zentraler Bedeutung. Die Fähigkeit des Rechteinhabers selbstbestimmt über die Nutzung seiner Daten zu verfügen wird als Datensouveränität bezeichnet. Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, wie die Erlangung sowie der Erhalt der Datensouveränität technisch durch Usage Control Mechanismen unterstützt werden kann. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird eine flexible und erweiterbare Programmiersprache entwickelt, welche über integrierte Usage Control Mechanismen verfügt und den Namen D° trägt. Durch die Umsetzung des Programmierparadigmas der policy-agnostischen Programmierung wird die Komplexität der Usage Control Mechanismen gekapselt und kann durch Experten adressiert werden. Ein Teil dieser Komplexität ist in den Compiler verlagert und gelöst worden und muss von Anwendern der Sprache nicht mehr beachtet werden. Hierdurch wird der Applikationsentwickler entlastet und die korrekte Nutzung von Usage Control Mechanismen vereinfacht. Des Weiteren wird präsentiert, wie das Remote Evaluation Paradigma für D° umgesetzt werden kann. Das Paradigma zielt auf Szenarien der kooperativen Datennutzung ab und verzichtet auf den Versand von Daten an Dritte, welche die Daten verwenden möchten. Stattdessen werden die datenverarbeitenden Applikationen und deren Berechnungsergebnisse hin- und hergeschickt. Hierdurch verbleiben die Daten stets auf den Systemen des Rechteinhabers, welche gleichzeitig auf die Vorteile der Usage Control Mechanismen in D° zurückgreifen können. Dies erlaubt die kooperative Datennutzung in Szenarien, in denen die Weitergabe von Daten ausgeschlossen ist und technische Maßnahmen zur Datennutzungskontrolle notwendig sind. Die erzielten Ergebnisse werden mithilfe eines größeren Demonstrators präsentiert und validiert. Dabei werden die einzelnen Aspekte von D° anhand von Beispielen praktisch vorgestellt. Außerdem findet eine Einordnung der Lösung in die International Data Spaces statt, welche die vorliegende Arbeit maßgeblich motiviert und geprägt haben. Bei dieser Einordnung wird gezeigt, dass die Mächtigkeit der Usage Control Mechanismen von D° gleich oder besser zu der von anderen Usage Control Mechanismen, welche in den International Data Spaces verwendet werden, ist.
The spectrum of sickle hemoglobin-related nephropathy: from sickle cell disease to sickle trait
Creators: name: Naik, Rakhi P.
name: Derebail, Vimal K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Renal dysfunction is among the most common complication of sickle cell disease (SCD), from hyposthenuria in children to progression to overt chronic kidney disease (CKD) in young adults. Emerging evidence now suggests that sickle hemoglobin-related nephropathy extends to individuals with sickle cell trait (SCT).
Measurements of decays in the B->DD family at the LHCb experiment
Creators: name: Mödden, Antje
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: CP-Verletzung
subject: Flavourphysik
subject: Teilchenphysik
subject: HEP
subject: CERN
subject: LHCb
subject: 530
subject: CP-Parität
subject: Elementarteilchenphysik
subject: Hochenergiephysik
subject: LHCb

description: Precision measurements of CKM-matrix elements are used to test the Standard Model of particle physics. Decays of Bs0 mesons that proceed via b→ ccs transitions are used to measure the CP -violating weak mixing phase φs that is directly related to the CKM angle βs and has a precise theoretical prediction. The mixing phase φs can be measured using Bs0 → Ds+Ds− decays, where higher-order Standard Model effects can be assessed by exploiting results from analyses in additional decays of the B → DD family. These analyses comprise CP -violation and branching-ratio measurements. Two different analyses of B → DD decays are presented, which utilise data collected by the LHCb experiment. A search for the Bs0 → D∗±D∓ decay is presented using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb−1 collected at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV. The Bs0 → D∗±D∓ decay is observed and its branching fraction is measured for the first time. The ongoing measurement of CP violation in Bs0 → Ds+Ds− decays uses data corresponding to 6 fb−1 collected at 13 TeV. The measurement of the CP parameters is still kept blind, but the sensitivities to the CP parameters are evaluated and indicate that this will be the most precise measurement in this decay channel.
description: Präzisionsmessungen von Parametern der CKM Matrix werden durchgeführt, um das Standardmodell der Teilchenphysik zu untersuchen. Zerfälle von Bs0-Mesonen mit b → ccs Übergängen werden verwendet, um die CP -verletzende schwache Mischungsphase φs zu bestimmen, welche direkt mit dem CKM Winkel βs zusammenhängt und eine präzise theoretische Vorhersage hat. Die schwache Mischungsphase φs kann in Bs0 → Ds+Ds− Zerfällen gemessen werden, wobei Effekte höherer Ordnung durch Ergebnisse von Analysen zusätzlicher Zerfälle der B → DD Familie abgeschätzt werden können. Diese Analysen umfassen Messungen von CP -Verletzung und Verzweigungsverhältnissen. Es werden zwei unterschiedliche Analysen solcher Zerfälle vorgestellt, welche Daten des LHCb-Experiments nutzen. Die Analyse von Bs0 → D∗±D∓ Zerfällen verwendet Daten, die einer integrierten Luminosität von 9fb−1 entsprechen und bei Schwerpunktsenergien von 7, 8 und 13TeV aufgenommen wurden. Der Bs0 → D∗±D∓ Zerfall wird erstmals beobachtet und das Verzweigungsverhältnis gemessen. Die Messung von CP Verletzung in Bs0 → Ds+Ds− Zerfällen ist noch nicht abgeschlossen. Es werden Daten verwendet, die 6 fb−1 entsprechen und bei einer Schwerpunktsenergie von 13TeV aufgenommen wurden. Die Messung der CP-Parameter ist noch blind, aber die Sensitivitäten können evaluiert werden. Es wird die präziseste Messung von CP -Verletzung in diesem Zerfallskanal erwartet.