cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Risks Perceptions and Risk Management Instruments in the European Union: do farmers have a clear idea of what they need?
Creators: name: Morales, C.
name: Garrido, Alberto
name: Palinkas, Peter
name: Szekely, Csaba
name: Morales, C.
name: Garrido, Alberto
name: Palinkas, Peter
name: Szekely, Csaba
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: risk
subject: risk management
subject: farmer’s perception.

description: This paper explores and analyzes farmers’ risk perceptions, risk management instruments’ demand and usage in five Member States (Hungary, Spain, the Netherlands, Germany and Poland). A survey completed by 1047 representative farmers of these EU Member Status collected information that allowed us to set apart two focus areas: the first looks at the declared importance of several sources of farms’ risk and income instability, and at the actual means that farmers pursue to manage and face them. The second area focuses on the demand for risk management instruments. The paper’s objective is to determine the factors that explain farmers’ responses in the first area, and based on those factors, analyse the demands for two instruments (insurance, and future & option markets). After carrying out basic descriptive statistic analyses, we perform factor analysis in order to establish the linkages between the perceptions and ranking of risks with the declared strategies to manage them. Logit models were fit to determine potential demand of insurance, and futures & options based on the three factors, and other variables like activity types and other controls, like nationality. Results from the factor analysis show that the perception of risk and actual use of risk management are very diverse. Logit models show that insurance is clearly an alternative instrument to diversification, but its demand is poorly explained by the other factors. Furthermore the demand for the use of futures and options is explained by the three factors, with the volatility factor, positively linked; market access /contractual risks; and diversification, negatively linked. In conclusion, policy makers should proceed with caution selecting the most adequate risk management instruments for farmers. It appears that the expected demand of risk management tools does not fit perfectly with the stated perception of risks.
Die Wahl des Patriarchen Niketas II. Muntanes von Konstantinopel
Creators: name: Wirth, Peter
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 46 (1962): Oriens christianus, Band 46
Adsorption and dissociation of hydrogen molecules on bare and functionalized carbon nanotubes
Creators: name: Dag, S.
name: Ozturk, Y.
name: Ciraci, S.
name: Yildirim, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigated interaction between hydrogen molecules and bare as well as functionalized single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) using first-principles plane wave method. We found that the binding energy of the H$_{2}$ physisorbed on the bare SWNT is very weak, and can be enhanced neither by increasing the curvature of the surface through radial deformation, nor by the coadsorption of Li atom that makes the semiconducting tube metallic. Though the bonding is strengthened upon adsorption directly to Li atom, yet its nature continues to be physisorption. However, the character of the bonding changes dramatically when SWNT is functionalized by the adsorption of Pt atom. Single H$_{2}$ is chemisorbed to Pt atom on the SWNT either dissociatively or molecularly. If Pt-SWNT bond is weakened either by displacing Pt from bridge site to a specific position or by increasing number of the adsorbed H$_{2}$, the dissociative adsorption of H$_{2}$ is favored. For example, out of two adsorbed H$_{2}$, first one can be adsorbed dissociatively, second one is chemisorbed molecularly. The nature of bonding is weak physisorption for the third adsorbed H$_{2}$. Palladium also promotes the chemisorption of H$_{2}$ with relatively smaller binding energy. Present results reveal the important effect of transition metal atom adsorbed on SWNT and advance our understanding of the molecular and dissociative adsorption of hydrogen for efficient hydrogen storage.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures, submitted to PRB
EX ANTE EVALUATION OF INDEX-BASED CROP INSURANCE EFFECTIVENESS
Creators: name: Bokusheva, Raushan
name: Breustedt, Gunnar
name: Bokusheva, Raushan
name: Breustedt, Gunnar
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: ex ante analysis
subject: index-based crop insurance
subject: weather-based index insurance
subject: Kazakhstan

description: The paper evaluates the effectiveness of several index-based crop insurance schemes by comparing results from two alternative evaluation approaches. We apply the common ex post approach from the literature by specifying and evaluating insurance contracts by means of the data for the same historical period. We introduce an ex ante evaluation approach by distinguishing between two consecutive periods in the available time series: the first period is used for determining insurance parameters and optimal number of farmer’s insurance contracts; and the subsequent one is considered for the evaluation of the risk reduction due to the insurance contract defined as in the first period. Our empirical results based on the data for 40 grain producers in Kazakhstan indicate that the common ex post approach overestimates the risk reduction substantially for most index insurance schemes. Additionally, the ex post approach seems to cause the overestimation of index-based insurance effectiveness primarily due to differences in the estimates of the optimal insurance contracts’ number rather than due to differences in the insurance contract parameters’ estimates.
The effects of feeding and stress on ammonia toxicity in rainbow trout
Creators: name: Wicks, Beverley Jean
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The effect of ammonia on aquatic organisms is an area that has been well studied. Results from various types of toxicity tests, including chronic and acute tests, have been used to establish the water ammonia standards for protection of aquatic life. Tests often follow standard protocols and are conducted under static conditions on unfed and unstressed animals. These conditions are in fact ones when fish are least susceptible to ammonia toxicity since feeding and stress cause increased internal ammonia production. This thesis had two goals. The first determined whether feeding or stress exacerbated ammonia toxicity to a level where standards promulgated by the US EPA were no longer protective for rainbow trout. In this regard, it was determined, using 96-h LC₅₀ tests that present standards did protect rainbow trout that were either feeding, or stressed by high-density conditions. Feeding decreased ammonia toxicity during the first 24-h of ammonia exposure, increasing the LC₅₀ concentration by 30 mg N/L. In contrast, both exposure to stress and Cortisol injections exacerbated ammonia toxicity in fish. The second purpose of this research was to determine the physiological consequences of feeding and stress in rainbow trout exposed to sub-lethal ammonia concentrations. Results from experiments where fish were exposed to 10 mg N /L for 48-h and then terminally sampled for measurement of plasma ammonia, metabolites (glutamate and glutamine) and enzyme activities (glutaminase, glutamine synthetase-GSase, glutamate dehydrogenase-GDH, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase) in brain, liver and muscle tissue, indicated that protection from ammonia toxicity is evoked in feeding fish because glutamine synthetase is upregulated and a-ketoglutarate is likely not limiting the formation of glutamate and glutamine. The non-toxic glutamine is accumulated in the brain, liver and muscle tissue, thus removing ammonia from circulation. The same experiments conducted on fasted fish exposed to stressors (high-density, air-exposure and 3 ppm ambient Cortisol) and then exposed to ammonia showed a different response. These fish were not able to regulate internal ammonia when ammonia exposure commenced and the down-regulation of GSase and glutaminase and up-regulation of GDH indicated that this was likely due to a limitation in a-ketoglutarate available for glutamate formation. Based on two models formulated from the present studies, glutamate regulation is critical in preventing ammonia toxicity.
The Physics of Extra Dimensions
Creators: name: Antoniadis, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lowering the string scale in the TeV region provides a theoretical framework for solving the mass hierarchy problem and unifying all interactions. The apparent weakness of gravity can then be accounted by the existence of large internal dimensions, in the submillimeter region, and transverse to a braneworld where our universe must be confined. I review the main properties of this scenario and its implications for observations at both particle colliders, and in non-accelerator gravity experiments. Such effects are for instance the production of Kaluza-Klein resonances, graviton emission in the bulk of extra dimensions, and a radical change of gravitational forces in the submillimeter range. I also discuss the warped case and localization of gravity in the presence of infinite size extra dimensions.
description: 29 pages, 11 figures. Lectures to appear in the proceedings of the Third Aegean Summer School, Karfas, Chios, Greece, 26 September-1 October 2005
Production risk in multi-output industries: estimates from Norwegian dairy farms
Creators: name: Tveteras, Ragnar
name: Flaten, Ola
name: Lien, Gudbrand D.
name: Tveteras, Ragnar
name: Flaten, Ola
name: Lien, Gudbrand D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Multi-output technologies
subject: production risk
subject: dairy farming

description: Farmers who produce multiple outputs are portfolio managers in the sense that they use inputs to balance expected economic return and variance of return. This paper estimates the structure of the stochastic multi-output production technology in Norwegian dairy farming, allowing for a more flexible specification of the technology than previous studies. We find that an increase in input levels leads primarily to higher output variability, and that inputs also influence the covariance of shocks between outputs. Risk-reducing effects of inputs on outputs are primarily present in the covariance functions. Technical change leads to shifts in the profit distribution over the data period, but no welfare improvement for risk-averse farmers.
Full one-loop supersymmetric corrections to charged Higgs boson pair production in $γγ$ collisions
Creators: name: Lei, Wang
name: Yi, Jiang
name: Wen-Gan, Ma
name: Liang, Han
name: Ren-You, Zhang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The complete one-loop electroweak corrections to charged Higgs boson pair production in $γγ$ collision mode at linear colliders in the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM), are calculated in this paper. We discuss the dependence of the corrections to the subprocess $γγ\to H^{+}H^{-}$ on the related parameters, such as the colliding energy, charged Higgs boson mass $M_{H^{\pm}}$ and some supersymmetric parameters $\tan β$, $M_{SUSY}$ and gaugino mass parameter $M_2$. We find that the corrections generally reduce the Born cross sections and the relative one-loop corrections to both the subprocess typically in the range of -10% to -30%. We also present the numerical results at the SPS1a' point from the SPA project. We conclude that the full one-loop electroweak corrections to subprocess $γγ\to H^{+}H^{-}$ and the parent process $e^+e^- \to γγ\to H^{+}H^{-}$ are significant and therefore should be considered in precise analysis of charged Higgs boson pair productions via $γγ$ collision at future linear colliders.
description: accepted by Phys.Rev.D
Additional file 4 of Walking with a powered ankle-foot orthosis: the effects of actuation timing and stiffness level on healthy users
Creators: name: Moltedo, Marta
name: Baček, Tomislav
name: Serrien, Ben
name: Langlois, Kevin
name: Vanderborght, Bram
name: Lefeber, Dirk
name: Rodriguez-Guerrero, Carlos
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 4 Figure S2. Envelopes of the soleus (SOL), tibialis anterior (TIB), lateral gastrocnemius (LG), and rectus femoris (REC) activity at the leg wearing the MAPO during different walking conditions at the last minute of walking. The envelopes are normalized such that 1 corresponds to the maximum value obtained during the MVIC exercises and they are the averaged envelopes of the different subjects.
Quantum corrections to spinning strings in AdS(5)xS(5) and Bethe ansatz: a comparative study
Creators: name: Schafer-Nameki, Sakura
name: Zamaklar, Marija
name: Zarembo, Konstantin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze quantum corrections to rigid spinning strings in AdS(5)xS(5). The one-loop worldsheet quantum correction to the string energy is compared to the finite-size correction from the quantum string Bethe ansatz. Expanding the summands of the string theory energy shift in the parameter λ/J^2 and subsequently resumming them yields a divergent result. However, upon zeta-function regularization this result agrees with the Bethe ansatz at the first three orders. We also perform an analogous computation in the limit of large winding number, which results in a disagreement with the string Bethe ansatz prediction. A similar mismatch is observed numerically. We comment on the possible origin of this discrepancy.
description: 33 pages, 9 figures
Evaluating Pillar 2 Employment Impacts: Case Study Methodology and Results for East Wales
Creators: name: Midmore, Peter
name: Langstaff, Lesley
name: Lowman, Stephen
name: Vaughan, Alison
name: Midmore, Peter
name: Langstaff, Lesley
name: Lowman, Stephen
name: Vaughan, Alison
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Wales
subject: rural development

description: This case study evaluation aims to explore employment impacts of the reformed East Wales RDP in East Wales, a UK region which is highly spatially differentiated. It concentrates on analysis of documentary evidence and representative in-depth interviews which support an evaluative interpretation of mechanisms of rural change. Issues explored relate to problems of the rural economy requiring policy intervention, and CAP rural development reform impacts on rural employment of farm households and workers in other sectors. Major concerns relate to youth out-migration, inadequate childcare provision, age structure, lack of affordable housing, pockets of deprivation, deteriorating service provision, labour supply, spatial diversity, and predominance of small businesses. Dual market failures appear to occur in employment and housing, requiring action to improve productivity, and spatial planning policies sensitive to rural requirements. The reformed RDP has had minor impacts on economic development, on the development of competitive premium agricultural products, professionalisation of the agricultural service sector, farm business adaptation, agri-environment support, and development of the food supply chain. However, the evidence indicates that Axis 2 should be strengthened to mitigate adverse impacts of decoupling. Also, future RDP spending should concentrate on Axes 3 and 4, its budget should be allocated on evidence-based criteria, and compulsory modulation should be increased. It should include provision of childcare services and other elements favouring female participation, and LEADER groups should be strengthened within a framework Rural Action Plans.
Federated Learning for 6G Communications: Challenges, Methods, and Future Directions
Creators: name: Liu, Yi
name: Yuan, Xingliang
name: Xiong, Zehui
name: Kang, Jiawen
name: Wang, Xiaofei
name: Niyato, Dusit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: As the 5G communication networks are being widely deployed worldwide, both industry and academia have started to move beyond 5G and explore 6G communications. It is generally believed that 6G will be established on ubiquitous Artificial Intelligence (AI) to achieve data-driven Machine Learning (ML) solutions in heterogeneous and massive-scale networks. However, traditional ML techniques require centralized data collection and processing by a central server, which is becoming a bottleneck of large-scale implementation in daily life due to significantly increasing privacy concerns. Federated learning, as an emerging distributed AI approach with privacy preservation nature, is particularly attractive for various wireless applications, especially being treated as one of the vital solutions to achieve ubiquitous AI in 6G. In this article, we first introduce the integration of 6G and federated learning and provide potential federated learning applications for 6G. We then describe key technical challenges, the corresponding federated learning methods, and open problems for future research on federated learning in the context of 6G communications.
Form Factors of Composite Systems by Generalized Wigner-Eckart Theorem for Poincaré group
Creators: name: Krutov, A. F.
name: Troitsky, V. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The relativistic approach to electroweak properties of two-particle composite systems developed previously is generalized here to the case of nonzero spin. This approach is based on the instant form of relativistic Hamiltonian dynamics. A special mathematical technique is used for the parametrization of matrix elements of electroweak current operators in terms of form factors. The parametrization is a realization of the generalized Wigner--Eckart theorem on the Poincaré group, form factors are corresponding reduced matrix elements and they have the sense of distributions (generalized functions). The electroweak current matrix element satisfies the relativistic covariance conditions and in the case of electromagnetic current it also automatically satisfies the conservation law.
description: Submitted to Theor. Math. Phys
Entrepreneurship, Collective Entrepreneurship and the Producer-Owned Firm
Creators: name: Bijman, Jos
name: Doorneweert, Bart
name: Bijman, Jos
name: Doorneweert, Bart
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: entreprepreneurship
subject: cooperative
subject: pro

description: Entrepreneurship is predominantly associated with the activities of an individual actor – the entrepreneur. It has also been related to the concept of firm ownership (e.g. Foss and Klein, 2005). This may lead to the conjecture that a collectively-owned firm is a setting for collective entrepreneurship. However, such reasoning encounters a number of taxing questions. If entrepreneurship is usually related to the individual, how does the collective embody entrepreneurial spirit and lead to effective outcomes? These and other questions will be addressed in this paper, which is mainly based on a review of the literature. The paper starts by providing an overview of the different schools of (economic) thought on entrepreneurship. Subsequently we discuss the implications for the conceptualization of entrepreneurship when it is not carried out by an individual but by a group of people. Finally, the notion of collective entrepreneurship will be framed within the context of the producer-owned firm in agriculture, by considering conditions under which collective entrepreneurship can be attributed to the cooperative.
Microwave probing of topological insulator-based Josephson quantum circuits
Creators: name: Liu, Chenlu
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2024

description: Majorana zero modes (MZMs) are exotic quasiparticles predicted to emerge in specific condensed matter systems, such as superconductor-topological insulator hybrids. Their anticipated non-Abelian exchange statistics could lead to robust quantum computing, mitigating issues of environmental noise that challenge existing quantum platforms like superconducting qubits. However, definitive evidence of MZMs remains elusive. This thesis explores the integration of three-dimensional topological insulators (3DTIs) with superconducting qubits within circuit quantum electrodynamics (cQED) to leverage 3DTI properties for MZM detection. Through the fabrication, characterization, and analysis of fixed-frequency and flux-tunable TImon devices, this work establishes a foundation for future experimental advancements in MZM detection using transmon qubits. Chapter 4 confirms the compatibility of topological insulator Josephson junctions (TI JJs) with cQED systems, demonstrating effective control and coherence in a fixed-frequency TI-based transmon (TImon) device. The primarily diffusive nature of TI JJs was inferred from qubit anharmonicity and flux-tuning patterns observed in a separate flux-tunable TImon, indicating minimal ballistic contributions. Chapter 5 tests the feasibility of using the TImon platform for MZM detection by subjecting the fixed-frequency TImon in Chapter 4 to an in-plane magnetic field of 900 mT. Although the device demonstrated field compatibility, definitive MZM signatures were not observed. Neither were exotic magnetic effects of 3DTI likely due to interference effects in the diffusive TI JJs. Chapter 6 addresses the challenges posed by the diffusive nature of TI JJs through microwave spectroscopy and DC transport measurements. These experiments further confirmed the diffusive behavior and identified design limitations, providing guidance for future device modifications. The next steps include redesigning the qubit frequency to 15-20 GHz range for compatibility with higher temperatures around 1.6 K.
Additional file 2 of Walking with a powered ankle-foot orthosis: the effects of actuation timing and stiffness level on healthy users
Creators: name: Moltedo, Marta
name: Baček, Tomislav
name: Serrien, Ben
name: Langlois, Kevin
name: Vanderborght, Bram
name: Lefeber, Dirk
name: Rodriguez-Guerrero, Carlos
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2 Document 2. Algorithm used for heel strike detection.
A Comparative Study of EU and US Trade Policies for Developing Countries: The Case of Agri-Food Products
Creators: name: Di Rubbo, P.
name: Canali, Gabriele
name: Di Rubbo, P.
name: Canali, Gabriele
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Gross Trade Creation
subject: Agricultural Trade Policy
subject: Developed and Developing Countries

description: Trade relations between developed and developing countries are one of the hot topics of the ongoing World Trade Organization (WTO) negotiations. The conclusion of the Cotonou Agreement between EU and African, Caribbean and Pacific countries, the introduction of the EU’s Everything But Arms initiative for the least developed countries and the United States’ African Growth and Opportunity Act for 39 African Countries, represents tangible incentives for many developing countries to continue their efforts to open their economies and build free markets. This paper analyzes the trade creating effects of EU and US trade policies as total effect, for agri-food products of developing countries in a gravity model framework. Data refer to a 10 year period: 1996-2005. The findings show larger trade creating effects of EU trade policies, especially for upper-middle income countries. Variation in trade creation, across the years, is not statistically significant, except for the low-income countries.
Parametric Representation for the Multisoliton Solution of the Camassa-Holm Equation
Creators: name: Matsuno, Yoshimasa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The parametric representation is given to the multisoliton solution of the Camassa-Holm equation. It has a simple structure expressed in terms of determinants. The proof of the solution is carried out by an elementary theory of determinanats. The large time asymptotic of the solution is derived with the fomula for the phase shift. The latter reveals a new feature when compared with the one for the typical soliton solutions. The peakon limit of the phase shift ia also considered, showing that it reproduces the known result.
description: 14 pages
Empirical analysis of agricultural trade between EU and China: Explanation behind China's growing agrifood imports
Creators: name: Huan-Niemi, Ellen
name: Niemi, Jyrki S.
name: Huan-Niemi, Ellen
name: Niemi, Jyrki S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: EU
subject: China
subject: agricultural trade

description: This study attempts to identify and measure quantitatively the effects of changing economic environment and trade policies on China’s agricultural imports from the EU as well as globally. The approach is to model behavioural relationships in the agricultural trade between China and the EU by using annual trade data from 1986 to 2005. The results indicate that Chinese agricultural imports are relatively inelastic to absolute price changes, but relative price changes significantly affect the market shares of EU exports due to price competition. Trade liberalisation in the form of tariff reductions is trivial in changing the quantity of China’s agricultural imports from the EU. China’s growing agrifood imports has been fuelled by rapid income growth of its population.
Additional file 3 of Walking with a powered ankle-foot orthosis: the effects of actuation timing and stiffness level on healthy users
Creators: name: Moltedo, Marta
name: Baček, Tomislav
name: Serrien, Ben
name: Langlois, Kevin
name: Vanderborght, Bram
name: Lefeber, Dirk
name: Rodriguez-Guerrero, Carlos
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3 Figure S1. Net metabolic cost of walking in different walking conditions at the first and last minute of walking. To improve the readability of the graph, the values of the net metabolic costs of normal walking (NW) and zero torque (ZT) are reported across the other conditions with a horizontal dashed line (blue for NW and orange for ZT). Statistically significant difference in the net metabolic cost of the walking trials as compared to NW and ZT is reported with blue and orange asterisks, respectively. * indicates p ≤0.05, ** indicates p ≤0.01, *** indicates p ≤0.001.
MODELING THE RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED IMPORTATION OF FRESH PRODUCE FROM EMERGING SUPPLY SOURCES TO THE UK
Creators: name: Mwebaze, Paul
name: Monaghan, J.
name: Revell, Brian J.
name: Hare, M.
name: MacLeod, Alan
name: Spence, N.
name: Mwebaze, Paul
name: Monaghan, J.
name: Revell, Brian J.
name: Hare, M.
name: MacLeod, Alan
name: Spence, N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Quarantine pests
subject: pathways
subject: trade.

description: The risk of non-indigenous pests entering the UK via international trade in fresh produce is increasing. Suppliers of fresh produce to UK and EU multiple retailers are utilising new procurement areas for fresh produce importation to reduce their costs of production. The objective of this paper is to identify current and future supply sources for UK fresh produce importers and examine the extent to which they provide invasion pathways. The hypothesis that increased importation of fresh produce from new sources outside the EU could increase the risks of non-indigenous pests is tested in a bio-economic model in which the number of species detections per unit of imports is a function of the number of inspections per unit of imports and country of origin, while the volume of imports is itself a function of the gross domestic product, relative import prices, policy and seasonality variables. The study has identified clear trends, which show import volumes and pest species detections increasing from new supply sources. The study found that risk of pest species differs significantly with the country of origin of commodity. If this trend should continue in the future, then UK plant health inspectors should expect to confront pest species in much greater numbers. The results support the case for discriminatory policy to use the limited resources available in a way that will more closely target inspection efforts on the higher risk trade pathways.
Assessing economic incentives for dairy sheep farmers: A real options approach
Creators: name: Tzouramani, Irene
name: Sintori, Alexandra
name: Liontakis, Angelos E.
name: Alexopoulos, George
name: Tzouramani, Irene
name: Sintori, Alexandra
name: Liontakis, Angelos E.
name: Alexopoulos, George
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: agricultural policy
subject: organic sheep farming
subject: real options

description: New policy measures have been introduced to transform Greece’s agriculture into a more modern and environmentally friendly agriculture. Adopting new technology and environmentally friendly production systems involves risk and uncertainty, which in turn stress the need for well designed policy schemes. This study attempts to examine the effects of income variability upon the decision to adopt new technology and environmentally friendly production systems by introducing the real options analysis to dairy sheep farming in Greece. The real options procedure revealed that the investment in new technology in dairy sheep farms under organic scheme is profitable. Attractive economic incentives that are offered by the applied agricultural policy to young farmers compensate for the risk and uncertainty of the activity.
Ethanol and Biodiesel in Canada: Can They Help Meet Canada's Kyoto Commitment?
Creators: name: Klein, Kurt K.
name: Romain, Robert F.J.
name: Olar, Maria
name: Bergeron, Nancy
name: Klein, Kurt K.
name: Romain, Robert F.J.
name: Olar, Maria
name: Bergeron, Nancy
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: The Canadian government ratified the Kyoto Protocol in December 2002. The protocol calls for greenhouse gas emissions to be reduced by 6 percent below the 1990 level (approximately 35 percent below what they are expected to be in a business-as-usual situation) by 2008–2012. To help meet this target, both federal and provincial governments in Canada have developed programs (in some cases mandates) for ethanol and biodiesel production and use in fuel blends. Various subsidy schemes have been designed to stimulate development of a biofuels industry in Canada. While the programs have been promoted on the basis of environmental concerns, a major driver has been the search for new markets for Canadian agricultural commodities that face chronically depressed prices. The purposes of this article are to review the current state of policies, programs and production of ethanol and biodiesel in Canada and to assess the prospect of these biofuels to significantly reduce production of greenhouse gases in Canada.
A Total Factor Productivity Index for Scottish Agriculture 1973-2004
Creators: name: Barnes, Andrew Peter
name: Barnes, Andrew Peter
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Productivity Analysis

description: Thirtle et al (2003) have provided a Total Factor Productivity (TFP) index for UK agriculture. This note follows a similar methodology to construct a TFP index for Scottish agriculture beginning in 1973 and ending in 2004. Essentially, Scottish agricultural growth grew strongly during the 1970s but then fell to negative levels over the period 1984-2004. In comparison to the UK Index, Scotland has performed poorly and is only showing signs of a positive recovery from 2000 onwards.
Flavor and CP violating physics from new supersymmetric thresholds
Creators: name: Pospelov, Maxim
name: Ritz, Adam
name: Santoso, Yudi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Treating the MSSM as an effective theory, we study the implications of having dimension five operators in the superpotential for flavor and CP-violating processes, exploiting the linear decoupling of observable effects with respect to the new threshold scale Λ. We show that the assumption of weak scale supersymmetry, when combined with the stringent limits on electric dipole moments and lepton flavor-violating processes, provides sensitivity to Λas high as 10^7-10^9 GeV, while the next generation of experiments could directly probe the high-energy scales suggested by neutrino physics.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure
Public Preferences for Broiler Chicken Welfare: Evidence from Stated Preference Studies
Creators: name: McVittie, Alistair
name: Moran, Dominic
name: Nevison, Ian
name: McVittie, Alistair
name: Moran, Dominic
name: Nevison, Ian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Broiler welfare
subject: choice experiments
subject: contingent valuation

description: Animal welfare presents particular policy challenges. Good welfare provides private productivity benefits to producers and some level of positive external benefits to people who care about animal welfare status. In enacting welfare legislation and setting regulatory standards, government needs to measure costs and benefits of welfare changes. While costs are generally observable, the nature of market failure means that welfare benefits are not truly observed in welfare related transactions. Accordingly non-market benefits assessment methods are required to measure the total economic value of welfare improvement. This paper compares the results of two stated preference methods to measure the policy benefits of the proposed EU broiler Welfare Directive. Contingent valuation presents the welfare improvement as a policy bundle and elicits willingness to pay in a referendum or one-off purchase decision. Choice experiments break down the welfare good into its constituent attributes, which may be of interest in designing policy. The methods provide divergence aggregate benefit estimates, which are an artefact of the methodology and the payment methods.
Additional file 1 of Walking with a powered ankle-foot orthosis: the effects of actuation timing and stiffness level on healthy users
Creators: name: Moltedo, Marta
name: Baček, Tomislav
name: Serrien, Ben
name: Langlois, Kevin
name: Vanderborght, Bram
name: Lefeber, Dirk
name: Rodriguez-Guerrero, Carlos
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1 Document 1. Additional information on MACCEPA
The reduction of the number of incoherent Kraus operations for qutrit systems
Creators: name: Qiao, Jiahuan
name: Sun, Lingyun
name: Wang, Jing
name: Li, Ming
name: Shen, Shuqian
name: Li, Lei
name: Fei, Shaoming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum coherence is a fundamental property that can emerge within any quantum system. Incoherent operations, defined in terms of the Kraus decomposition, take an important role in state transformation. The maximum number of incoherent Kraus operators has been presented in [A. Streltsov, S. Rana, P. Boes, J. Eisert, Phys. Rev. Lett. 119. 140402 (2017)]. In this work, we show that the number of incoherent Kraus operators for a single qubit can be reduced from 5 to 4 by constructing a proper unitary matrix. For qutrit systems we further obtain 32 incoherent Kraus operators, while the upper bound in the research of Sterltsov gives 39 Kraus operators. Besides, we reduce the number of strictly incoherent Kraus operators from more than 15 to 13. And we consider the state transformation problem for these two types of operations in single qutrit systems.
description: 11pages,4 figures
Triassoscelis Evans 1956
Creators: name: Lambkin, Kevin J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Hylicellidae
Triassoscelis

description: Triassoscelis Evans, 1956
 Triassoscelis Evans, 1956: 192.
 Type species. Triassoscelis anomala Evans, 1956, by original designation.
 Emended diagnosis. Tegmen (base not preserved) c. 2.5 times longer than wide (estimate only); post-nodal area very finely punctate, pre-nodal area not well preserved, but some sparse coarser punctation detected; costal margin broadly rounded, apex bluntly rounded; peripheral membrane noticeably wider at CuA; costal space c. 2 times as wide as medial cell, with 2–4 faint, incompletely developed costal veinlets; R and M apparently separating near apex of basal cell; R fork just beyond tegmen length, a short distance before M fork which is aligned with the RA and CuA forks; RA complexly and variably branched; RA 1 directed towards antero-apical margin, with 2 or 3 terminations; RA 2 stem directed towards apical margin, parallel with RP, with 3 or 6 main branches; RA 1 + RA 2 field occupying entire antero-apical margin; RP with 2 main branches; one apical ir, running between last main branch of RA 2 and RP or RP 1; one r-m, proximal to ir, running to M 1+2 just beyond length of intra-medial cell; M variably branched, with 4, 5 or 7 terminations; im between M 1+2 and M 3, or M 2 and M 3a; intra-medial cell long and narrow, more than 3 times longer than wide, occupying a small portion of post-nodal area; CuA fork quite deep; CuA 1 strongly angled at m-cua which joins M 3+4 very near its base; CuA 2 and distal piece of CuA 1 more or less parallel, the CuA 1 cell thus quite broad and parallelogram-like; CuA 1 with 2 or 3 short terminal branches; apical crossvein field not aligned; CuA 2 simple; clavus not preserved.
 Notes. Triassoscelis, was placed by Evans (1956), Becker-Migdisova (1962a), Carpenter 1992), and Jell (2004) in the catch-all Scytinopteridae, and by Evans (1961) simply in Cicadelloidea without family attribution. It was transferred to Hylicellidae by Hamilton (1992). Triassoscelis looks to be the sister genus of Crosbella, sharing the wider peripheral membrane at CuA, and the parallelogram-like CuA cell. It differs from Crosbella in having a broader, more squat wing shape with a much more bluntly rounded apex, CuA fork in line with rather than proximal to the M fork, and in less proliferated apical venation, with far fewer crossveins and terminal branches. With Crosbella, it shares the proliferated and variable radial and medial venation, and presence of weakly developed costal veinlets, and is therefore also assigned to the subfamily Vietocyclinae.
description: Published as part of Lambkin, Kevin J., 2020, Revision of the Hylicellidae of the Late Triassic of Queensland (Hemiptera Cicadomorpha: Hylicelloidea), pp. 525-539 in Zootaxa 4790 (3) on pages 530-532, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4790.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/3891303
Symmetry energy of fragments produced in multifragmentation
Creators: name: Henzlova, D.
name: Botvina, A. S.
name: Schmidt, K. -H.
name: Henzl, V.
name: Napolitani, P.
name: Ricciardi, M. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Isospin properties of fragments measured in multifragmentation of 136Xe and 124Xe projectiles in mid-peripheral collisions with a lead target at 1 A GeV were studied within the statistical approach describing the liquid-gas nuclear phase transition. By analyzing the isoscaling phenomenon and the mean N-over-Z ratio of the fragments with Z=10-13 we have concluded that the symmetry energy of hot fragments produced in multifragment environment at subnuclear densities at high temperatures decreases in comparison with cold nuclei.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, background information on http://www-w2k.gsi.de/charms/
Linkages between Agriculture, Trade and the Environment in the Context of the European Union Accession
Creators: name: Toma, Luiza
name: Mathijs, Erik
name: Revoredo-Giha, Cesar
name: Toma, Luiza
name: Mathijs, Erik
name: Revoredo-Giha, Cesar
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: agricultural trade
subject: externalities
subject: partial equilibrium model
subject: Romania

description: This paper analyses the impact of trade on environment in Romania using a partial equilibrium model of bilateral trade in beef between Romania and the EU. We use a recursive dynamic model to analyse beef production and trade and adjust it as to include a component to evaluate the impact of liberalised trade due to Romania’s accession to the EU on groundwater and air quality. The environmental module of the model associates the pollution to the use of production inputs. We link the use of itrogen inputs (e.g., nitrogenous fertilisers, manure) to nitrogen loss through leaching/runoff into groundwater (nitrates) and greenhouse gases (emissions of nitrous oxide and methane). We compute the nitrogen loss through leaching/runoff into the groundwater based on the nitrogen balance and the greenhouse gases emissions as a function of applied nitrogen and the number of beef cattle. We consider two scenarios for the non-accession and accession case, produced a market outlook throughout the year 2011 based on assumptions regarding full trade liberalisation between the EU and Romania and income change in Romania and analysed the impact on environment. The increase in beef imports in the accession scenario at a higher rate than in the baseline scenario corresponds to a decrease in the groundwater and air pollution caused by cattle production.
A statistical study of 233 pulsar proper motions
Creators: name: Hobbs, G.
name: Lorimer, D. R.
name: Lyne, A. G.
name: Kramer, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present and analyse a catalogue of 233 pulsars with proper motion measurements. The sample contains a wide variety of pulsars including recycled objects and those associated with globular clusters or supernova remnants. After taking the most precise proper motions for those pulsars for which multiple measurements are available, the majority of the proper motions (58%) are derived from pulsar timing methods, 41% using interferometers and the remaining 1% using optical telescopes. Many of the 1-D and 2-D speeds (referring to speeds measured in one coordinate only and the magnitudes of the transverse velocities respectively) derived from these measurements are somewhat lower than earlier estimates because of the use of the most recent electron density model in determining pulsar distances. The mean 1-D speeds for the normal and recycled pulsars are 152(10) and 54(6) km/s respectively. The corresponding mean 2-D speeds are 246(22) and 87(13) km/s. PSRs B2011+38 and B2224+64 have the highest inferred 2-D speeds of ~1600 km/s. We study the mean speeds for different subsamples and find that, in general, they agree with previous results. Applying a novel deconvolution technique to the sample of 73 pulsars with characteristic ages less than 3 Myr, we find the mean 3-D pulsar birth velocity to be 400(40) km/s. The distribution of velocities is well described by a Maxwellian distribution with 1-D rms sigma=265 km/s. There is no evidence for a bimodal velocity distribution. The proper motions for PSRs B1830-08 and B2334+61 are consistent with their proposed associations with the supernova remnants W41 and G114.3+0.3 respectively.
description: 20 pages, accepted by MNRAS
A CGE Analysis of the Harbinson Proposal: Outcomes for the EU25
Creators: name: Philippidis, George
name: Hubbard, Lionel J.
name: Renwick, Alan W.
name: Philippidis, George
name: Hubbard, Lionel J.
name: Renwick, Alan W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: In this study, we employ the Harbinson proposal and July Framework to compare a ‘likely’ Doha scenario with an ‘inclusive’ baseline. The key aim is to assess the impacts across EU member states. More specifically, we (i) employ the latest version 6 of the GTAP database, (ii) explicitly model CAP mechanisms (e.g., quotas, decoupled payments, set-aside, CAP budget etc.) to more accurately assess the asymmetric trade led welfare effects on selected EU member states, and (iii) introduce binding overhangs into domestic support, export subsidies and more importantly market access commitments. Whilst the EU regions benefit from the multilateral reform proposals, the gains are weakened considerably by the tariff binding overhangs, where the EU25 only gain ten per cent of their potential trade led welfare gain from the proposals. On this basis, a more positive stance must be applied if the Doha Reforms are to yield a meaningful outcome for all.
The Minority Game: a statistical physics perspective
Creators: name: Sherrington, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Trading and Market Microstructure (q-fin.TR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: A brief review is given of the minority game, an idealized model stimulated by a market of speculative agents, and its complex many-body behaviour. Particular consideration is given to analytic results for the model rather than discussions of its relevance in real-world situations.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures. Submitted for publication in the proceedings of the Econophysics Colloquium, Canberra, Australia (November 2005)