cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Evaluation of Ischemic Stroke Hybrid Segmentation in a Rat Model of Temporary Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion using Ground Truth from Histologic and MR data
Creators: name: Imielinska, Celina Z.
name: Jin, Yinpeng
name: Liu, Xin
name: Rosiene, Joel
name: Zacharia, Brad E.
name: Komotar, Ricardo J.
name: Mocco, J.
name: Sughrue, Michael E.
name: Grobelny, Bartosz
name: Sisti, Alex
name: Silverberg, Josh
name: Khandji, Joyce
name: Cohen, Hillary
name: Connolly Jr., E. Sander
name: D'Ambrosio, Anthony Louis
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Diagnostic imaging

description: A segmentation method that quantifies cerebral infarct using rat data with ischemic stroke is evaluated using ground truth from histologic and MR data. To demonstrate alternative approach to rapid quantification of cerebral infarct volumes using histologic stained slices that requires scarifying animal life, a study with MR acquire volumetric rat data is proposed where ground truth is obtained by manual delineations by experts and automated segmentation is assessed for accuracy. A framework for evaluation of segmentation is used that provides more detailed accuracy measurements than mere cerebral infarct volume. Our preliminary experiment shows that ground truth derived from MRI data is at least as good as the one obtained from the histologic slices for evaluating segmentation algorithms for accuracy. Therefore we can develop and evaluate automated segmentation methods for rapid quantification of stroke without the necessitating animal sacrifice.
Novel aspects of radiation reaction in the classical and the quantum regime
Creators: name: Neitz, Norman
name: Kumar, Naveen
name: Mackenroth, Felix
name: Hatsagortsyan, Karen Z.
name: Keitel, Christoph H.
name: Di Piazza, Antonino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work is dedicated to the study of radiation reaction signatures in the framework of classical and quantum electrodynamics. Since there has been no distinct experimental validation of radiation reaction and its underlying equations so far and its impact is expected to be substantial for the construction of new experimental devices, e.g., quantum x-free electron lasers, a profound understanding of radiation reaction effects is of special interest. Here, we describe how the inclusion of quantum radiation reaction effects changes the dynamics of ultra-relativistic electron beams colliding with intense laser pulses significantly. Thereafter, the angular distribution of emitted radiation is demonstrated to be strongly altered in the quantum framework, if in addition to single photon emission also higher order photon emissions are considered. Furthermore, stimulated Raman scattering of an ultra-intense laser pulse in plasmas is examined and forward Raman scattering is found to be significantly increased by the inclusion of radiation reaction effects in the classical regime. The numerical simulations in this work show the feasibility of an experimental verification of the predicted effects with presently available lasers and electron accelerators.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures, Proceedings of the LPHYS'13 Workshop
Liberating methodological thinking in human sciences from grand theories
Creators: name: Kharlamov, Nikita A.
name: Baldursson, Einar Baldvin
Publisher: name: Akademisk kvarter | Academic Quarter
Year: 2016

description: Many humanistic and social disciplines are naturally inclined to seek for human-, person-, self- centered focus, and develop a holistic theory of such. Such disciplines continually engage with philosophical, metaphysical and meta-theoretical perspectives. This engagement often leads to a singular focus on the necessity of a “grand unified theory” at the expense of any and all alternative perspectives. Properties of grand theories are discussed on the examples of Giddens and Bourdieu. It is argued that grand theories hamper a more productive focus on concrete phenomena. Robert Merton’s focus on “middle range” theories is revisited and its continuing relevance is highlighted. The level of abstraction characteristic of such theories, as well as the way they engage with the empirical social reality, are discussed. The article concludes by considering the paradoxical reductionism that can be observed in presumably the most anti-reductionist grand theories.
description: Akademisk kvarter | Academic Quarter, The Challenges of Arts and Humanities, Vol. 13
Mechanical properties in crumple-formed paper derived materials subjected to compression
Creators: name: Hanaor, Dorian A. H.
name: Flores Johnson, E. A.
name: Wang, S.
name: Quach, S.
name: Dela-Torre, K. N.
name: Gan, Y.
name: Shen, L.
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 000 Informatik, Informationswissenschaft, allgemeine Werke
subject: mechanical engineering
subject: materials science

description: The crumpling of precursor materials to form dense three dimensional geometries offers an attractive route towards the utilisation of minor-value waste materials. Crumple-forming results in a mesostructured system in which mechanical properties of the material are governed by complex cross-scale deformation mechanisms. Here we investigate the physical and mechanical properties of dense compacted structures fabricated by the confined uniaxial compression of a cellulose tissue to yield crumpled mesostructuring. A total of 25 specimens of various densities were tested under compression. Crumple formed specimens exhibited densities in the range 0.8–1.3 g cm−3, and showed high strength to weight characteristics, achieving ultimate compressive strength values of up to 200 MPa under both quasi-static and high strain rate loading conditions and deformation energy that compares well to engineering materials of similar density. The materials fabricated in this work and their mechanical attributes demonstrate the potential of crumple-forming approaches in the fabrication of novel energy-absorbing materials from low-cost precursors such as recycled paper. Stiffness and toughness of the materials exhibit density dependence suggesting this forming technique further allows controllable impact energy dissipation rates in dynamic applications.
Newtonian, Post Newtonian and Parameterized Post Newtonian limits of f(R, G) gravity
Creators: name: De Laurentis, Mariafelicia
name: Lopez-Revelles, Antonio Jesus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss in detail the weak field limit of f(R,G) gravity taking into account analytic functions of the Ricci scalar R and the Gauss-Bonnet invariant G. Specifically, we develop, in metric formalism, the Newtonian, Post Newtonian and Parameterized Post Newtonian limits starting from general f(R, G) Lagrangian. The special cases of f(R) and f(G) gravities are considered. In the case of the Newtonian limit of f(R, G) gravity, a general solution in terms of Green's functions is achieved.
description: 26 pages
Bausteine zur Tübinger Universitätsgeschichte. Folge 3, hg. von Volker Schäfer
Creators: name: Kustermann, Abraham Peter
Publisher: name: Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte
Year: 1970

description: Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte, Bd. 8 (1989): Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte, Band 8
ByzRev 02.2020.028: Susanne Moraw, Die Odyssee in der Spätantike. Bildliche und literarische Rezeption
Creators: name: Kröll, Nicole
Publisher: name: The Byzantine Review
Year: 2020

description: Susanne Moraw, Die Odyssee in der Spätantike. Bildliche und literarische Rezeption (Studies in Classical Archaeology 7). Turnhout: Brepols 2020. XII, 362 pp. – ISBN: 978-2-503-58379-2 (€ 120,00)
description: The Byzantine Review, Bd. 2 (2020)
Opening up the Humanities
Creators: name: Dirckinck-Holmfeld, Lone
Publisher: name: Akademisk kvarter | Academic Quarter
Year: 2016

description: Despite humanistic knowledge and methods are vital in many relationships and societal contexts, humanities are struggling to get its messages out. This article addresses the development of new and engaging ways of opening up the humanities by investigating how art can serve as an experiential humanities exploratorium. The article probes how a concrete project, Camping Women, becomes a boundary object which bridges across people, art and humanities communities. The findings from the study confirm that this kind of art works well as a boundary object in ways of knowing, sensing, reflecting and doing, and offers new features to serve as a humanities exploratorium and engage volunteers to reach out to the public.
description: Akademisk kvarter | Academic Quarter, The Challenges of Arts and Humanities, Vol. 13
Kirche, Staat und katholische Wissenschaft in der Neuzeit
Creators: name: Wolf, Hubert
Publisher: name: Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte
Year: 1970

description: Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte, Bd. 8 (1989): Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte, Band 8
A Failed Response?
Creators: name: Ekström, Anders
Publisher: name: Akademisk kvarter | Academic Quarter
Year: 2016

description: This essay discusses the changing role of arts and humanities research and education in the context of continuing transitions in knowledge politics and society at large. It argues that a conflicted history of both expansion and marginalization has conditioned the humanities for reactive critique in ways that limits its influence. This calls for a rearticulation of the role of humanistic knowledge in a time when society’s most challenging transitions are connected by their cultural dimension, understood in its most basic sense of the influence on society of human action, communication, cultural routines and value formation. To scale-up the impact of the humanities, and sharpen its knowledge claims, a development towards integrative and plural forms of knowledge environments is suggested.
description: Akademisk kvarter | Academic Quarter, The Challenges of Arts and Humanities, Vol. 13
A Be-type star with a black hole companion
Creators: name: Casares, J.
name: Negueruela, I.
name: Ribo, M.
name: Ribas, I.
name: Paredes, J. M.
name: Herrero, A.
name: Simon-Diaz, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stellar-mass black holes have all been discovered through X-ray emission, which arises from the accretion of gas from their binary companions (this gas is either stripped from low-mass stars or supplied as winds from massive ones). Binary evolution models also predict the existence of black holes accreting from the equatorial envelope of rapidly spinning Be-type stars (stars of the Be type are hot blue irregular variables showing characteristic spectral emission lines of hydrogen). Of the ~80 Be X-ray binaries known in the Galaxy, however, only pulsating neutron stars have been found as companions. A black hole was formally allowed as a solution for the companion to the Be star MWC 656 (also known as HD 215227), although that was based on a single radial velocity curve of the Be star, a mistaken spectral classification and rough estimates of the inclination angle. Here we report observations of an accretion disk line mirroring the orbit of the Be star. This, together with an improved radial velocity curve of the Be star through fitting sharp Fe II profiles from the equatorial disk, and a refined Be classification (to that of a B1.5-B2 III star), reveals a black hole of 3.8 to 6.9 solar masses orbiting MWC 656, the candidate counterpart of the gamma-ray source AGL J2241+4454. The black hole is X-ray quiescent and fed by a radiatively inefficient accretion flow giving a luminosity less than 1.6 x 10-7 times the Eddington luminosity. This implies that Be binaries with black-hole companions are difficult to detect by conventional X-ray surveys.
description: To appear in Nature January 16, 2014. 25 pages, 6 figures and 3 tables, including Methods section and Extended Data. This is the author's version of the work
Monopolar Optical Orientation of Electronic Spins in Semiconductors
Creators: name: Tarasenko, Sergey
name: Ivchenko, Eougenious
name: Belkov, Vassilij
name: Ganichev, Sergey
name: Schowalter, Dieter
name: Schneider, Petra
name: Sollinger, M.
name: Prettl, Wilhelm
name: Ustinov, V.
name: Zhukov, A.
name: Vorobjev, L.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: It is shown that absorption of circularly polarized infrared radiation due to intraband (Drude-like) transitions in n-type bulk semiconductors and due to intra-subband or inter-subband transitions in quantum well (QW) structures results in a monopolar spin orientation of free electrons. Spin polarization in zinc-blende-structure based QWs is demonstrated by the observation of the spin-galvanic and the circular photogalvanic effects. The monopolar spin orientation in n-type materials is shown to be possible if an admixture of valence band states to the conduction band wave function and the spin-orbit splitting of the valence band are taken into account.
Tilmann Matthias Schröder, Das Kirchenregiment der Reichsstadt Esslingen
Creators: name: Lang, Peter Thaddäus
Publisher: name: Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte
Year: 1970

description: Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte, Bd. 8 (1989): Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte, Band 8
Practicing Humanities
Creators: name: Gimmler, Antje
Publisher: name: Akademisk kvarter | Academic Quarter
Year: 2016

description: In contemporary societies, the humanities are under constant pressure and have to justify their existence. In the ongoing debates, Humboldt’s ideals of ‘Bildung’ and ‘pure science’ are often used to justify the unique function of the humanities of ensuring free research and contributing to a vital and self-reflective democracy. Contemporary humanities have adopted a new orientation towards practices, and it is not clear how this fits with the ideals of ‘Bildung’ and ‘pure science’. A possible theoretical framework for this orientation towards practices could be found in John Dewey’s pragmatic philosophy. Contrary to Humboldt’s idea that the non-practical is the most practical in the long run, philosophical pragmatism recommends to the humanities to situate knowledge in practices and apply knowledge to practices.
description: Akademisk kvarter | Academic Quarter, The Challenges of Arts and Humanities, Vol. 13
Alois Schröer, Die Kirche in Westfalen im Zeichen der Erneuerung (1585-1648)
Creators: name: Christ, Günter
Publisher: name: Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte
Year: 1970

description: Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte, Bd. 8 (1989): Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte, Band 8
Validating Arts Research
Creators: name: Nelson, Robin
Publisher: name: Akademisk kvarter | Academic Quarter
Year: 2016

description: This article reflects on the worth of the arts in an academic context partly in the light of the author’s experience of formal UK research audit as a sub-panel member (RAE 2008; REF 2014). First the article outlines the emergence and development of UK audit culture, bringing out its upsides and downsides as perceived from different points of view. It proceeds to consider the formal acceptance of practice-based arts inquiries as knowledge-producing within the academy by relating the protocols of UK research audit for handling Practice as Research. Intelligent, investigative arts and media practice may well constitute research but the articulation, evidencing and dissemination of research inquiries and insights pose several challenges. Thirdly, it briefly explores a case for the value of Practice as Research as knowledge-producing in the broader context of interdisciplinary approaches to research within the Arts & Humanities and beyond. It challenges the historic divide between the Arts and Sciences.
description: Akademisk kvarter | Academic Quarter, The Challenges of Arts and Humanities, Vol. 13
The Affordances of Arts and Humanities in Multidisciplinary Projects
Creators: name: Heinrich, Falk
Publisher: name: Akademisk kvarter | Academic Quarter
Year: 2016

description: The theme of this article is the role of aesthetics in providing one affordance of the arts and humanities in multidisciplinary research projects. The premise is that sense and sensemaking processes (as described by Weick (1995) and Luhmann (1984)) are at the core of multidisciplinary projects. This article discusses the potential of fiction and fictionalisation in multidisciplinary sensemaking processes and does so on two levels: the procedural level of the research project, and the level of a project’s subject matter. On the process level, aesthetic contributions to sensemaking serve the multilayered and creative interaction between the meaning-producing participants. On the level of the subject field, aesthetic competences generate spaces of potentiality by means of observational participation that restrains applications of existing concepts and creates intermediary spaces of non-sense. These spaces are inevitable for the emergence of novel solutions to complex social challenges. The article illustrates its assertions through discussion of a research project.
description: Akademisk kvarter | Academic Quarter, The Challenges of Arts and Humanities, Vol. 13
Spin-galvanic effect
Creators: name: Ganichev, Sergey
name: Ivchenko, Eougenious
name: Belkov, Vassilij
name: Tarasenko, Sergey
name: Sollinger, M.
name: Weiss, Dieter
name: Wegscheider, Werner
name: Prettl, Wilhelm
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: There is much recent interest in exploiting the spin of conduction electrons in semiconductor heterostructures together with their charge to realize new device concepts1. Electrical currents are usually generated by electric or magnetic fields, or by gradients of, for example, carrier concentration or temperature. The electron spin in a spin-polarized electron gas can, in principle, also drive an electrical current, even at room temperature, if some general symmetry requirements are met. Here we demonstrate such a ‘spin-galvanic’ effect in semiconductor heterostructures, induced by a non-equilibrium, but uniform population of electron spins. The microscopic origin for this effect is that the two electronic sub-bands for spin-up and spin-down electrons are shifted in momentum space and, although the electron distribution in each sub-band is symmetric, there is an inherent asymmetry in the spin-flip scattering events between the two sub-bands. The resulting current flow has been detected by applying a magnetic field to rotate an optically oriented nonequilibrium spin polarization in the direction of the sample plane. In contrast to previous experiments, where spin-polarized currents were driven by electric fields in semiconductor2,3, we have here the complementary situation where electron spins drive a current without the need of an external electric field.
Schatzgeyer, Kaspar, Von der waren Christlichen und Evangelischen freyheit
Creators: name: Köpf, Ulrich
Publisher: name: Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte
Year: 1970

description: Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte, Bd. 8 (1989): Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte, Band 8
Problem-based Learning in a Box: Lessons learned from an Educational Design Experiment
Creators: name: Davidsen, Jacob
name: Andersen, Pernille Viktoria Kathja
name: Christiansen, Ellen
Publisher: name: Journal of Problem Based Learning in Higher Education
Year: 2019

description: In this study, we present an educational design experiment seeking to promote interaction and knowledge sharing in groups and to establish a sense of community among students during a semester at Aalborg University, Denmark. The experiment is materialised as a tangible artefact in the form of a colourful box with materials and texts. Some of the materials are oriented towards supporting the collaborative activities taking place in the group, while others are intended to support individual groups in displaying a visual identity and the public historical trajectory of their problem-based learning process to other groups or peers. The lessons learned from the experiment highlight that educational designs are difficult to implement in practice if it is not mandatory for the students, teachers and supervisors to take part. Furthermore, we imagined the box as a toolbox to support process-related aspects of problem-based learning, such as collaborative interaction, problem formulation and the collaborative learning process itself, whereas the students requested specific ‘how to’ materials for certain project activities – focusing more on the semester product and the outcome of problem-based learning.
description: Journal of Problem Based Learning in Higher Education, Early view
Gräter, Carlheinz, Ulrich von Hutten
Creators: name: Köpf, Ulrich
Publisher: name: Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte
Year: 1970

description: Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte, Bd. 8 (1989): Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte, Band 8
Spin-galvanic effect in quantum wells
Creators: name: Ganichev, Sergey
name: Ivchenko, Eougenious
name: Belkov, Vassilij
name: Tarasenko, Sergey
name: Sollinger, M.
name: Schowalter, Dieter
name: Weiss, Dieter
name: Wegscheider, Werner
name: Prettl, Wilhelm
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: optical orientation; spin relaxation; spin-flip scattering
subject: 530 Physik

description: It is shown that a homogeneous nonequlibrium spin polarization in semiconductor heterostructures results in an electric current. The microscopic origin of the effect is an inherent asymmetry of spin-flip scattering in systems with lifted spin degeneracy caused by k-linear terms in the Hamiltonian.
Evolution models for the Earth's core with respect to thermal and orbital histories
Creators: name: Schaeffer, Nathanael
name: Cébron, David
name: Landeau, Maylis
name: Nataf, Henri-Claude
name: Fournier, Alexandre
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 40403 Geophysical Fluid Dynamics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Geophysics
subject: Solid Earth Sciences

description: For the thermal model, we use the model from Lister (2003), see https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2003.07.007
For precession and tides, we we use two models:
- standard, low obliquity from Touma & Wisdom (1994) https://doi.org/10.1086/117209
- unlikely, high obliquity from Williams (1993) https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-8252(93)90004-Q
Spin-photocurrent in p-SiGe quantum wells under terahertz laser irradiation
Creators: name: Belkov, Vassilij
name: Ganichev, Sergey
name: Schneider, Petra
name: Schowalter, D.
name: Rössler, Ulrich
name: Prettl, Wilhelm
name: Ivchenko, Eougenious
name: Neumann, Richard
name: Brunner, K.
name: Abstreiter, Gerhard
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: SiGe-QWs; photogalvanic effect; Rashba term
subject: 530 Physik

description: A detailed study of the circular photogalvanic effect (CPGE) in SiGe structures is presented. It is shown that the CPGE becomes possible because of the built-in asymmetry of quantum wells (QWs) in compositionally stepped samples and in asymmetrically doped structures. The photocurrent arises due to optical spin orientation of free carriers in QWs with spin splitting in k-space. It is shown that the effect can be applied to probe the macroscopic in-plane symmetry of low dimensional structures and allowing to conclude on Rashba or Dresselhaus terms in the Hamiltonian.
Host-plant-derived variation in ultraviolet wing patterns influences mate selection by male butterflies
Creators: name: Knüttel, Helge
name: Fiedler, Konrad
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: insect, butterfly, animal–plant interaction, vision, signal, colour, pigment, ultraviolet light, flavonoid, behaviour, mate choice, Lycaenidae, Polyommatus icarus, principal component analysis, spectral data, confidence intervals
subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: 590 Tiere (Zoologie)

description: We report on the first case in which sequestered secondary plant compounds determine an insect's external appearance in the ultraviolet spectrum and thereby influence visually mediated mate choice. Larvae of the common blue butterfly Polyommatus icarus specifically sequester flavonoids in different amounts and types, depending on the part or species of food plant. During late pupal development the majority of ultraviolet-absorbing flavonoids are deposited in the wing scales. The flavonoid content of the larval diet thereby determines ultraviolet wing patterns. In laboratory and field experiments, male butterflies clearly preferred flavonoid-rich, ultraviolet-absorbing female dummies. This preference is mediated visually by the ultraviolet pattern of the wings. Food-plant parts and species vary in value as a food source, so ultraviolet wing patterns may signal mate quality and are not a species-specific characteristic. We discuss the use of principal component analysis in analysing spectral data in the context of visual communication. We propose the alternative application of confidence intervals of averaged spectra as a novel straightforward statistical method for comparing groups of spectra in a manner that is independent of assumptions about the visual system of the receiver. In addition, they can be used to give confidence intervals to derived measures of colour such as quantum catch by photoreceptors.
Can an electric current orient spins in quantum wells?
Creators: name: Ganichev, Sergey
name: Danilov, Sergey
name: Schneider, Petra
name: Belkov, Vassilij
name: Golub, Leonid
name: Wegscheider, Werner
name: Weiss, Dieter
name: Prettl, Wilhelm
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: A longstanding theoretical prediction is the orientation of spins by an electrical current flowing through low-dimensional carrier systems of sufficiently low crystallographic symmetry. Here we show by means of terahertz transmission experiments through two-dimensional hole systems a growing spin orientation with an increasing current at room temperature.
Joseph Lortz, Erneuerung und Einheit
Creators: name: Schäfer, Philipp
Publisher: name: Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte
Year: 1970

description: Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte, Bd. 8 (1989): Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte, Band 8
Volker Roeser-Horst Gottfried Rathke, St. Remigius in Nagold
Creators: name: Polonyi, Andrea
Publisher: name: Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte
Year: 1970

description: Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte, Bd. 8 (1989): Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte, Band 8
Spin-galvanic effect and spin orientation by current in non-magnetic semiconductors
Creators: name: Ganichev, Sergey
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: spin-galvanic effect; spin polarization; spin splitting; terahertz
subject: 530 Physik

description: The spin-galvanic effect and the inverse effect, which yeilds current induced spin polarization, in low dimensional semiconductor structures are reviewed. Both effect are caused by asymmetric spin relaxation in systems with lifted spin degeneracy due to k-linear terms in the Hamiltonian.
The Impacts of the Model Minority and Perpetual Foreigner Stereotypes on Southeast Asian American (SEAA) Student Educational Attainment
Creators: name: Kusuma, Olivia
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Southeast Asian American
subject: East Asian American
subject: racial triangulation theory
subject: model minority stereotype
subject: perpetual foreigner stereotype
subject: higher education attainment

description: Southeast Asian (SEA) American students are a growing population that tends to be overlooked by researchers due to assumptions that they are high achieving and overrepresented in higher education. Data aggregation often lumps Asian Americans into a monolithic category, obscuring differences between East Asians and SEA. I use the framework of the racial triangulation theory (Kim, 1999) and the model minority (MM) and perpetual foreigner (PF) stereotypes. While stereotypes widely impact Asian Americans, I argue that the lack of research on SEAA makes them particularly vulnerable. The purpose of this study is to explore the extent to which SEAA’s experience of racial stereotypes mediate their level of education attainment. The 2016 National Asian American (NAAS) survey is used to examine the effects of racial stereotypes on college degree attainment. The dataset includes 3,276 adult respondents who identify with East Asian and SEA roots, allowing disaggregation for purposes of inter-group ethnic comparisons. Results show that SEA are 23 percentage points less likely to obtain a bachelor’s degree than East Asians, challenging assumptions of monolithic success for Asian Americans. This gap is partially explained by experiences of the MM stereotype which are associated with a 0.14 probability increase of college degree attainment for East Asians. Furthermore, findings ironically show that SEA students with a college degree experience higher cases of the PF stereotype, which is explained by the “institutional invisibility” faced by this group. Findings have implications for academic policies and how resources should be deployed to meet the needs of this student group.
Waveform Discrimination in the Electric Fish Eigenmannia: Sensitivity for the Phase Differences Between the Spectral Components of a Stimulus Wave
Creators: name: Kramer, Bernd
name: Otto, Brunhilde
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1991
Subjects: subject: electrosensory; electroreception; signal waveform; phase difference; amplitude spectrum; sexual dimorphism; Eigenmannia
subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: 590 Tiere (Zoologie)

description: Eigenmannia lineata is a tropical South American gymnotiform fish that is both electrogenic and electroreceptive. Its electric organ generates a constant-frequency wave discharge (EOD) that is sexually dimorphic in waveform and harmonic content. Eigenmannia discriminates digitally synthesized, natural male and female EOD waveforms of identical frequency and amplitude. Experiments were devised to investigate behaviourally the sensory mechanism of this discrimination. Both the content in higher harmonics (as seen in an amplitude spectrum) and the waveform (phase spectrum) could provide the cues Eigenmannia uses for discrimination. Five Eigenmannia were trained to discriminate artificially generated stimuli composed of the fundamental frequency,/!, and its harmonic, f2, of a frequency twice that of /i and of weaker intensity (—13 to —3dB re / i ; a similar variation is found among the EODs of different Eigenmannia individuals). The rewarded stimulus, S+ (with a strong f2 intensity of — 3dB re /i), remained constant throughout the experiments. The family of negative (S—) stimuli all had a phase difference of 0°, that is, no phase difference, between their harmonics, while the S+ stimulus had a phase difference of 90°. Therefore, all S— stimuli differed from the S+ stimulus in waveform, while one S— stimulus had an amplitude spectrum identical to that of the S+ stimulus. All fish discriminated any S— signal tested from the S+ stimulus, including the S- stimulus with an identical amplitude spectrum, both when the test signals had identical energy contents (that is, slightly different peak-to-peak amplitudes) and when they had identical peak-to-peak amplitudes (hence, slightly different energy contents). These results arc evidence for a true waveform (time domain) sensitivity of Eigenmannia. A sensory mechanism is proposed that enables Eigenmannia to assess the P/N ratio of a wave signal, that is, the duration ratio of positive (P) and negative (N) half-waves between zero-crossings of a stimulus cycle (the S+ and all S— stimuli, as well as female and male EODs, differ in this regard).
Johannes Helmrath, Das Basler Konzil 1431-1449
Creators: name: Walter, Peter
Publisher: name: Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte
Year: 1970

description: Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte, Bd. 8 (1989): Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte, Band 8
The Sexually Dimorphic Jamming Avoidance Response in the Electric Fish Eigenmannia (Teleostei, Gymnotiformes)
Creators: name: Kramer, Bernd
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1987
Subjects: subject: jamming avoidance response; electric organ discharge; frequency difference; beat frequency; sexual dimorphism; Eigenmannia
subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: 590 Tiere (Zoologie)

description: Eigenmannia's jamming avoidance response (JAR) is a frequency change of its electric organ discharge (EOD) in response to an electric stimulus of similar frequency (small AF; AF = FFlgh — FStlm). It is assumed that the response to an undamped stimulus, AR = FRMponM. — FRMI, is stereotyped and non-habituating, and improves the fish's electrolocation performance in the presence of a jamming stimulus, such as the EOD of a nearby conspecific. Adult females gravid with eggs (N = 3) gave good responses (frequency decrease of at least 3 Hz) to —AF (stimulus frequency higher than fish frequency), but no response or only weak responses (<0-5 Hz) to + AF (stimulus frequency lower than fish frequency). After 2-75 years, a sexually mature female still showed the same behaviour, whereas an immature female (see below) had changed its behaviour considerably on becoming sexually mature. Large males (A^ = 4) did not give JARs to + AF, and no JARs or only weak ones to — AF (|AR| < 0-7 Hz). Increasing the stimulus intensity by +10 or +20 dB did not change this result. After 2-5 years, two large males were still found to be almost unresponsive. However, large males gave rapid frequency modulations ('short rises' and 'interruptions'), which have been described from threatening fish likely to attack, even at the weakest stimulus intensity. One group of juveniles (Ar=4; probably females) gave only a weak increase in frequency (AR<09Hz) in response to +AF but a strong frequency decrease (|AR|>2Hz) in response to —AF. Another group of juveniles (Af=4; probably males) gave strongest responses (AR > 3 Hz) to AF = 0 Hz. In these juveniles, the 'equilibrium point' of no response was at AF=— 0-6 Hz to — 1 Hz instead of at AF = 0 Hz. They thus increased, rather than decreased, their EOD frequency even at small — AFs, which would have been more economical. A decrease in frequency was weaker than an increase. A significant frequency change could even be elicited by stimuli of AF = OHz that are phase-locked to the EOD. The accuracy of assessment of AF, as determined in juvenile fish giving good + ARs and -ARs, was not better than ±0-3 Hz (at AF=-06Hz). The JAR showed strong habituation.
Stability
Creators: name: Yu, Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Reproducibility is imperative for any scientific discovery. More often than not, modern scientific findings rely on statistical analysis of high-dimensional data. At a minimum, reproducibility manifests itself in stability of statistical results relative to "reasonable" perturbations to data and to the model used. Jacknife, bootstrap, and cross-validation are based on perturbations to data, while robust statistics methods deal with perturbations to models. In this article, a case is made for the importance of stability in statistics. Firstly, we motivate the necessity of stability for interpretable and reliable encoding models from brain fMRI signals. Secondly, we find strong evidence in the literature to demonstrate the central role of stability in statistical inference, such as sensitivity analysis and effect detection. Thirdly, a smoothing parameter selector based on estimation stability (ES), ES-CV, is proposed for Lasso, in order to bring stability to bear on cross-validation (CV). ES-CV is then utilized in the encoding models to reduce the number of predictors by 60% with almost no loss (1.3%) of prediction performance across over 2,000 voxels. Last, a novel "stability" argument is seen to drive new results that shed light on the intriguing interactions between sample to sample variability and heavier tail error distribution (e.g., double-exponential) in high-dimensional regression models with $p$ predictors and $n$ independent samples. In particular, when $p/n\rightarrowκ\in(0.3,1)$ and the error distribution is double-exponential, the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) is a better estimator than the Least Absolute Deviation (LAD) estimator.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.3150/13-BEJSP14 the Bernoulli (http://isi.cbs.nl/bernoulli/) by the International Statistical Institute/Bernoulli Society (http://isi.cbs.nl/BS/bshome.htm)
Electrosensory Frequency and Intensity Discrimination in the Wave-Type Electric Fish Eigenmannia
Creators: name: Kramer, Bernd
name: Kaunzinger, Ivo
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1991
Subjects: subject: frequencydiscrimination; intensitydiscrimination; electricorgandischarge; beat; threshold; electrosensory; Eigenmannia; Gymnotiformes
subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: 590 Tiere (Zoologie)

description: Eigenmannia's frequency and intensity discrimination thresholds were determined for a range of seven frequencies (50-1700Hz), centered on a fish's individual discharge frequency, using a conditioned go/no-go paradigm. The threshold criterion was '50% correct choices' (of the rewarded stimulus, S+, over the unrewarded stimulus, S—); this was validated by testing for statistically significantly shorter response latencies for the S+ compared with the S— stimulus. The stimuli consisted of sine wave bursts presented for up to 20 s, repeated at 2 s"1 (rise and fall times of an individual burst, 50 ms; holding time, 250 ms; silence, 150ms). When testing for frequency discrimination, the sine wave bursts alternated in frequency (A/); for intensity discrimination, every other sine wave burst was of increased intensity (A/). The reference stimulus intensity was 30 dB with reference to a fish's individual absolute threshold for a continuous sine wave at that frequency, previously determined using a conditioned go response. Sensory discrimination was best close to a fish's individual discharge frequency. At 30 dB sensation level, fish discriminated frequency differences as small as 0.52 Hz (0.60 and 0.79 Hz in two other individuals) and intensity differences as small as 0.56dB (1 dB in two other fish). At stimulus frequencies different from a fish's discharge frequency, Eigenmannia's frequency discrimination declined at lower frequencies at a rate of up to 1 Hz octave"1, and at higher frequencies at a rate of up to 3 Hz octave"1. For Eigenmannia's intensity discrimination a similar loss was observed: at frequencies lower than a fish's discharge frequency, intensity discrimination thresholds rose at a rate of less than 1 dB octave" *, while the rate was below 2 dB octave"1 for higher frequencies. Compared with other acoustico-lateral senses in lower vertebrates, Eigenmannia's electrosensory frequency and intensity discrimination is unusually high, in the range of that known for audition in the most sensitive higher vertebrates with a cochlea (for example, human). This emphasizes Eigenmannia's specialized 'active' electrosensory system, which detects the presence of a stimulus field as the modulation of a fish's own 'carrier' signal in amplitude and phase (beat analysis), as opposed to 'passive' sensory systems, which must deal with unpredictable signals from the environment as they occur.
title: A Novel Drill Set for the Enhancement and Assessment of Robotic Surgical Performance
Creators: name: Ro, Charles Y.
name: Toumpoulis, Ioannis K.
name: Ashton, Robert C.
name: Imielinska, Celina Z.
name: Jebara, Tony
name: Shin, Seung H.
name: Zipkin, J. D.
name: McGinty, James J.
name: Todd, George J.
name: DeRose, Joseph J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Diagnostic imaging
Biomedical engineering
Surgery

description: Background: There currently exist several training modules to improve performance during video-assisted surgery. The unique characteristics of robotic surgery make these platforms an inadequate environment for the development and assessment of robotic surgical performance.

Methods: Expert surgeons (n=4) (greater than 50 clinical robotic procedures and greater than 2 years of clinical robotic experience) were compared to novice surgeons (n=17) (less than 5 clinical cases and limited laboratory experience) using the da Vinci Surgical System. Seven drills were designed to simulate clinical robotic surgical tasks. Performance score was calculated by the equation Time to Completion + (minor error) x 5 + (major error) x 10. The Robotic Learning Curve (RLC) was expressed as a trend line of the performance scores corresponding to each repeated drill.

Results: Performance scores for experts were better than novices in all 7 drills (p less than 0.05). The RLC for novices reflected an improvement in scores (p less than 0.05). In contrast, experts demonstrated a flat RLC for 6 drills and an improvement in one drill (p=0.027).

Conclusion: This new drill set provides a framework for performance assessment during robotic surgery. The inclusion of particular drills and their role in training robotic surgeons of the future awaits larger validation studies.
Electrosensory stimulus-intensity thresholds in the weakly electric knifefish Eigenmannia: reduced sensitivity at harmonics of its own organ discharge
Creators: name: Kaunzinger, Ivo
name: Kramer, Bernd
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: electroreception, Eigenmannia sp.; beat analysis; jamming avoidance response; stimulus-intensity threshold; electric organ discharge
subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: 590 Tiere (Zoologie)

description: The South American knifefish Eigenmannia sp. can detect the electric organ discharges (EODs; 250–600 Hz) of conspecifics when they are superimposed over its own EOD. This study investigates the minimum frequency difference necessary for such signal perception, using the application of sine-wave stimuli. Electrosensory stimulusintensity thresholds were determined for trained fish using stimuli associated with food rewards. These sinewave stimuli were ‘clamped’ to the EOD frequency of the fish. Electrosensory thresholds were also determined for the spontaneous jamming avoidance response (JAR; a change in EOD frequency evoked by a stimulus of sufficiently similar frequency), in this case using unclamped stimuli. Over the wide frequency range investigated (0.3–3.01 times EOD frequency), the lowest stimulus-intensity thresholds of 0.6mVcm21 (peak-to-peak) (0 dB) at a water conductivity of 100mScm21 were found close to (but not exactly at) the EOD fundamental frequency. At exact frequency identity between the EOD and the stimulus, the stimulus-intensity response threshold rose abruptly by more than 10 dB compared with slightly higher or lower stimulus frequencies. A similar ‘needle-like’ threshold increase was found at exactly two and three times the EOD frequency, but neither at harmonic ratios between stimulus and EOD frequency that represent fractions (e.g. at 5:4=1.25, 4:3=1.33, 3:2=1.5 or 5:3=1.67 times EOD frequency) nor at subharmonics such as half or two-thirds of the EOD frequency. The steepest increase of stimulusintensity response threshold was in the range 0.998–1.002 times EOD frequency, corresponding to a threshold change, or electrosensory filter slope, of 5000 dB per octave. For the spontaneous JAR, a similar stimulus-intensity threshold increase was observed when EOD frequency equalled stimulus frequency. Because of the longer rise time for the stimulus amplitude (400 ms rather than 35 ms) the stimulus intensity threshold was higher (up to 32 dB; mean, 20 dB) than in the other experiments (up to 15 dB; mean, 13 dB). A difference in frequency between the EOD and the applied stimulus as small as 1 Hz (that is, 0.2 % of the EOD frequency) was sufficient for good signal perception in Eigenmannia sp. The JAR appears to be useful in avoiding insensitivity at exact integer harmonics of the EOD frequency.
Die Hussiten. Die Chronik des Laurentius von Brezovä 1414-1421, übers, von Josef Bujnoch
Creators: name: Urban, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte
Year: 1970

description: Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte, Bd. 8 (1989): Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte, Band 8
Anderson localization of light with topological dislocations
Creators: name: Lobanov, Valery E.
name: Kartashov, Yaroslav V.
name: Vysloukh, Victor A.
name: Torner, Lluis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We predict Anderson localization of light with nested screw topological dislocations propagating in disordered two-dimensional arrays of hollow waveguides illuminated by vortex beams. The phenomenon manifests itself in the statistical presence of topological dislocations in ensemble-averaged output distributions accompanying standard disorder-induced localization of light spots. Remarkably, screw dislocations are captured by the light spots despite the fast and irregular transverse displacements and topological charge flipping undertaken by the dislocations due to the disorder. The statistical averaged modulus of the output local topological charge depends on the initial vorticity carried by the beam.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures, to appear in Physical Review A