cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Improved automatic bone segmentation using large-scale simulated ultrasound data to segment real ultrasound bone surface data
Creators: name: Patel, Hridayi
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2020

description: Automatic segmentation of bone surfaces from ultrasound images is of great interest in the ultrasound-guided computer assisted orthopedic surgery field. These automatic segmentations help the system locate where the bone surface is in the image which can allow for proper surgical manipulation. Methods that involve using image processing tools have previously been used to perform the segmentations however, they have faced problems due to the noise and various imaging artifacts associated with ultrasound data. Most recently, methods based on deep learning have achieved promising results. However, a drawback is that these methods require large number of training dataset. Therefore, new methods which can overcome these drawbacks need to be investigated in order to accurately segment bone surfaces from real ultrasound data.This thesis introduces the concept of training the deep learning methods with large-scale simulated bone ultrasound data and investigating how using large-scale simulated data along with limited real ultrasound data affects the segmentation performance of the deep learning network. A transfer learning approach and using a training dataset consisting of both real and simulated ultrasound bone surface data was applied for the investigation. We show that by using simulated bone ultrasound data, the success of traditional deep learning methods increases compared to using small-scale real ultrasound data only.Data used in the study consisted of real ultrasound data collected from different subjects and utilizing 3D Slicer and PLUS for generating simulate ultrasound data. Various networks were trained in order to determine how well the network of a certain dataset is able to perform automatic segmentations on the same type of data. Additionally, networks trained with both large-scale simulated US data and limited real ultrasound data were trained and tested on real ultrasound data to determine if using large-scale simulated data improves network performance. The automatic segmentations of the neural networks were compared against manual segmentations of the same data by calculating the Sorensen- Dice Coefficient and Average Euclidean Distance. Results of the thesis show that using large- scale simulated ultrasound data can be used to train a neural network to segment real ultrasound data if both types of datasets are used together to develop the network.
Is cancer preventable?
Creators: name: Jongchan Kim
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: cancer, cancer prevention

description: The Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) regularly collects nationally representative data about the American public’s knowledge of, attitudes toward, and use of cancer- and health-related information.
 HINTS data are used to create more effective health communication strategies across different populations. Understanding how the members of the public’s specific health behaviors impact their perceptions of cancer and cancer prevention is a crucial aspect in strategically targeting health- and cancer-related information campaigns. Better understanding who currently lacks or misunderstands health messaging would allow health care providers and practitioners to strategically target cancer prevention tips and materials to those who need it most. The goal of this project is to better understand which groups of people are most susceptible to believing that cancer is not preventable and how it changes over time. Demographic factors like age, education, and income and another factor called PHQ4 were analyzed to see its impact on cancer prevention beliefs. Also, time series analysis was performed to see how the gap between the group has changed over the past 5 years. You can see the results of this analysis through this link: https://kim-jongchan.github.io/projects/Cancer-Perception-Changes-Analysis/
Shot Noise Induced by Electron-nuclear Spin-flip Scattering in a Nonequilibrium Quantum Wire
Creators: name: Chida, Kensaku
name: Hashisaka, Masayuki
name: Yamauchi, Yoshiaki
name: Nakamura, Shuji
name: Arakawa, Tomonori
name: Machida, Tomoki
name: Kobayashi, Kensuke
name: Ono, Teruo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the shot noise (nonequilibrium current fluctuation) associated with dynamic nuclear polarization in a nonequilibrium quantum wire (QW) fabricated in a two-dimensional electron gas. We observe that the spin-polarized conductance quantization of the QW in the integer quantum Hall regime collapses when the QW is voltage biased to be driven to nonequilibrium. By measuring the shot noise, we prove that the spin polarization of electrons in the QW is reduced to $\sim 0.7$ instead of unity as a result of electron-nuclear spin-flip scattering. The result is supported by Knight shift measurements of the QW using resistively detected NMR.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Behavioral Decision-Making in Operations Management
Creators: name: Li, Jiawei
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Operations Management
subject: Behavioral Decision-Making
subject: Biases and Preferences
subject: Managerial Treatment
subject: Performance Improvement
subject: Business (General)
subject: Economics
subject: Management
subject: Business and Economics

description: In this dissertation, I explore the role of human decision-making in operations management. In the first part of the dissertation, I compare the performance of teams and individuals in two canonical operational settings and find that teams do not always outperform individuals. For Newsvendor inventory decision-making, teams exhibit a similar degree of the “pull-to-center” bias and order too close to the mean of demand. In a strategic information sharing game, teams outperform individuals in terms of earning profits only as the retailer who has a clear strategy to benefit from misreporting demand signals. I then implement a framework that studies team decision mechanisms by analyzing text chats between team members. I find that the logic leading to “optimal/ rational” decision-making may or may not be frequently mentioned or found compelling in team discussions. In the second part of the dissertation, I explore how humans make dynamic resource allocation decisions. The decision maker - a product development manager - is given a limited budget for design improvement opportunities that arrive sequentially; the opportunities are beneficial but implementing them is costly. I find that most subjects perform well in a simple setting where the design change cost is constant throughout the decision horizon, but subjects perform heterogeneously in the more complex and realistic increasing cost setting. In the latter setting, some top performers effectively decompose the problem into two simpler sub-problems, each of which they handle nearly optimally as in the simpler experimental condition. I test managerial interventions based on these insights and show they can improve subject performance. In the third part of the dissertation, I study a procurement process where the manufacturer first holds an auction with suppliers for a prototype product; after the auction, renegotiations will happen as design changes are needed. I use game theory to analyze a practical mechanism that constrains such renegotiation by pre-limiting design change expenditures. I find that such a mechanism may not benefit the manufacturer depending on the supply base condition. A follow-up experiment is proposed to study humans’ ability to implement this mechanism.
Blueprint of Shopping Center Proposed Parking, Stony Brook, September 28, 1939
Creators: name: Smythe, Richard Haviland
name: Melville, Ward, 1887-1977
name: Organization, Ward Melville Heritage
name: Stony Brook Community Fund
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: Stony Brook
Sketches
Blueprints
Plans
Architects
Shopping centers
Architectural drawings
Stores & shops

description: This blueprint shows the parking area and near by landscaping of a shopping center located in Stony Brook, L. I. This plan was completed by architect Richard Haviland Smythe, located at 681 fifth avenue, New York.
Boletín Fármacos: Ensayos Clínicos 2022; 25(3)
Creators: name: Salud y Fármacos
Publisher: name: Salud y Fármacos
Year: 2022
Subjects: Ensayos clínicos
Reclutamiento de sujetos de investigación
Investigación en seres humanos
Ética de los ensayos clínicos
Metodología de los ensayos clínicos
Conflictos de interés
Consentimiento informado
Regulación de ensayos clínicos
Transparencia de agencias reguladoras, industrias innovadoras y organizaciones de investigación por contrato
CRO

description: Boletín Fármacos es un boletín electrónico de la organización Salud y Fármacos (https://www.saludyfarmacos.org/) que se publica cuatro veces al año: febrero, mayo, agosto y noviembre.

El Boletín Fármacos: Ensayos Clínicos presenta información sobre el creciente reclutamiento de sujetos de investigación en países de bajos y medianos ingresos; las dimensiones éticas de la investigación en seres humanos; aspectos metodológicos de los ensayos clínicos que pueden comprometer la pertinencia, el valor social y la calidad de la investigación, y por lo tanto contribuir a violar los derechos humanos de los participantes y comprometer la calidad de los datos; los conflictos de interés por parte de los investigadores y de los centros de investigación; los aspectos relacionados con el proceso de toma del consentimiento informado y con su comprensión, y temas sobre la regulación de los ensayos clínicos, su registro y la diseminación oportuna y precisa de los resultados. De particular interés es la información relativa a la transparencia de las agencias reguladoras, de las industrias innovadoras, y de las Organizaciones de Investigación por Contrato o CROs

Este documento corresponde al 2022, Vol. 25, N°3.
Synthesized grain size distribution in the interstellar medium
Creators: name: Hirashita, Hiroyuki
name: Nozawa, Takaya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine a synthetic way of constructing the grain size distribution in the interstellar medium (ISM). First we formulate a synthetic grain size distribution composed of three grain size distributions processed with the following mechanisms that govern the grain size distribution in the Milky Way: (i) grain growth by accretion and coagulation in dense clouds, (ii) supernova shock destruction by sputtering in diffuse ISM, and (iii) shattering driven by turbulence in diffuse ISM. Then, we examine if the observational grain size distribution in the Milky Way (called MRN) is successfully synthesized or not. We find that the three components actually synthesize the MRN grain size distribution in the sense that the deficiency of small grains by (i) and (ii) is compensated by the production of small grains by (iii). The fraction of each {contribution} to the total grain processing of (i), (ii), and (iii) (i.e., the relative importance of the three {contributions} to all grain processing mechanisms) is 30-50%, 20-40%, and 10-40%, respectively. We also show that the Milky Way extinction curve is reproduced with the synthetic grain size distributions.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Earth, Planets, and Space
Microstructural refinements of concrete due to fiber reinforcement and its influence on corrosion initiation of reinforcing steel
Creators: name: Sappakittipakorn, Manote
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Permeability plays an important role in governing the durability of concrete in deleterious environments. Earlier studies indicated that the addition of cellulose fiber is effective in reducing water permeability and thereby making concrete more durable. In this thesis, microstructural refinement and corrosion resistivity performance of fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) were studied. Two fiber types, cellulose and polypropylene, at various dosages, were examined. Microstructural refinement was studied using thermoporometry (TP) and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) methods. After that, a two-part experiment was performed to investigate corrosion of steel in concrete in the presence of fiber reinforcement. First, diffusion of chloride in concrete was investigated using the bulk diffusion test as well as a silver nitrate spray test. A rapid chloride permeability test was also performed. Secondly, FRC beams were subjected to flexural stress while exposed to a simulated tidal zone of marine environment. Corrosion activity in reinforcing steels was monitored for 56 weeks using three electrochemical methods: half-cell potential, galvanic current and linear polarization resistance. Results demonstrated that fibers did bring about a refinement in the pore structure by converting part of the permeable porosity to non-permeability porosity. Diffusion results clearly show that while the presence of fibers increased the coefficient of chloride diffusion based on total chlorides, there was a decrease in the coefficient related to free chlorides. Fibers therefore appear to bind the chlorides and inhibit their transport. Corrosion tests indicated that fibers delayed corrosion in specimens with no load or a lighter load, but were not as effective in specimens carrying a heavier load. Finally, a long-time performance of fiber reinforcement was illustrated through a service life modeling. Corrosion initiation period was analyzed using a model called LIGHTCON. Empirically based on the test results, it was modified to take the effects of fiber reinforcement and load intensity into consideration. The modified model was then verified in two case studies. In each of the cases, a critical impact of load induced cracks on a service life of structures was emphasized and a promising benefit of fiber reinforcement was demonstrated.
An explicit SU(12) family and flavor unification model with natural fermion masses and mixings
Creators: name: Albright, Carl H.
name: Feger, Robert P.
name: Kephart, Thomas W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an SU(12) unification model with three light chiral families, avoiding any external flavor symmetries. The hierarchy of quark and lepton masses and mixings is explained by higher dimensional Yukawa interactions involving Higgs bosons that contain SU(5) singlet fields with VEVs about 50 times smaller than the SU(12) unification scale. The presented model has been analyzed in detail and found to be in very good agreement with the observed quark and lepton masses and mixings.
description: 11 pages, 4 tables
Research Community Management Team at the Turing
Creators: name: Sharan, Malvika
name: Hellon, Vicky
name: Karoune, Emma
name: Lacey, Arron
name: Zormpa, Eirini
name: Lee Steele, Anne
name: Kayumbi, Gabin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Introduction slidedeck for the Turing's Research Community management team.
Comparing the neural correlates of affective and cognitive theory of mind using fMRI: Involvement of the basal ganglia in affective theory of mind
Creators: name: Bodden, Maren E.
name: Kübler, Dorothee
name: Knake, Susanne
name: Menzler, Katja
name: Heverhagen, Johannes T.
name: Sommer, Jens
name: Kalbe, Elke
name: Krach, Sören
name: Dodel, Richard
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: ToM
subject: affective and cognitive theory of mind
subject: basal ganglia
subject: fMRI
subject: mentalizing
subject: simulation
subject: social cognition
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Theory of Mind (ToM) is the ability to infer other people's mental states like intentions or desires. ToM can be differentiated into affective (i.e., recognizing the feelings of another person) and cognitive (i.e., inferring the mental state of the counterpart) subcomponents. Recently, subcortical structures such as the basal ganglia (BG) have also been ascribed to the multifaceted concept ToM and most BG disorders have been reported to elicit ToM deficits. In order to assess both the correlates of affective and cognitive ToM as well as involvement of the basal ganglia, 30 healthy participants underwent event-related fMRI scanning, neuropsychological testing, and filled in questionnaires concerning different aspects of ToM and empathy. Directly contrasting affective (aff) as well as cognitive (cog) ToM to the control (phy) condition, activation was found in classical ToM regions, namely parts of the temporal lobe including the superior temporal sulcus, the supplementary motor area, and parietal structures in the right hemisphere. The contrast aff > phy yielded additional activation in the orbitofrontal cortex on the right and the cingulate cortex, the precentral and inferior frontal gyrus and the cerebellum on the left. The right BG were recruited in this contrast as well. The direct contrast aff > cog showed activation in the temporoparietal junction and the cingulate cortex on the right as well as in the left supplementary motor area. The reverse contrast cog > aff however did not yield any significant clusters. In summary, affective and cognitive ToM partly share neural correlates but can also be differentiated anatomically. Furthermore, the BG are involved in affective ToM and thus their contribution is discussed as possibly providing a motor component of simulation processes, particularly in affective ToM.
Second Temple Jewish Messianism as Social Political Discourse
Creators: name: Scott, Joshua
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: social linguistics
subject: Jewish Messianism
subject: Biblical Studies
subject: Jewish Studies
subject: Bourdieu
subject: History (General)
subject: Humanities (General)
subject: Judaic Studies
subject: Middle Eastern, Near Eastern and North African Studies
subject: Religious Studies
subject: Humanities
subject: FOS: Humanities

description: Ancient Jewish authors wrote extensively on Jewish messiahs. Scholars have identified in these works the social, religious, and political agendas of Jewish writers. While some recent research has underlined some aspects of messianism, such as conflict over the place and authority of the Jewish law or the Jerusalem temple in relation to messianism, there has not been an acknowledgement of the pervasiveness, function, or social location of messianism as a social political discourse. My project reframes messianism as a social linguistic discourse, in that the concept of a real or imagined messiah is accentuated in literature as a response to specific ideological concerns within a local community. I argue that ancient Jewish messianism is a linguistic effort by elite leaders to shift or affirm group boundary markers.
Towards the development of a continuous-flow, smart micro-electroporation technology to advance cell therapy
Creators: name: Sherba, Joseph J.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2020

description: FDA approved patient-derived cellular therapies are a groundbreaking biomedical/clinical accomplishment in recent years. This therapy involves the intricate process of removing cells from the patient, genetically modifying them ex vivo, and then returning the cells to the patient to combat disease. Though this field is very promising for treatment of otherwise untreatable cancers and other genetic/auto-immune disorders, current manufacturing costs may make this life-saving therapy unaffordable to the general population. Of the manufacturing steps, the use of viral vectors for gene delivery remains the ‘rate-limiting’ step from an economic point of view. Electroporation is an alternative to viral-mediated gene delivery. Electroporation is an electro-physical, non-viral approach to perform DNA, RNA, and protein transfections of cells. Upon application of an electric field, the cell membrane is compromised, allowing the delivery of exogenous materials into cells. This dissertation focuses on advancing a novel, micro-electroporation technology capable of electrically monitoring the degree of cell membrane permeabilization throughout the process. Technological advancements are made from a biochemical standpoint, through optimization of the electroporation buffer that cells are suspended in during the electroporation process, as well as microfluidic/hardware/software design. Highly desirable biomedical and clinical applications, such as DNA plasmid delivery and gene editing with CRISPR-Cas9, are demonstrated using this micro-electroporation technology. Furthermore, ideas to enhance the overall throughput of the technology are introduced, such single-cell level feedback control, population-based feedback control, and microfluidic device parallelization. Ultimately with further technological advancement, this continuous-flow, micro-electroporation system may shift the existing cell therapy manufacturing paradigm, with hopes of eliminating the need for viral-mediated gene delivery.
Inelastic character of solitons of slowly varying gKdV equations
Creators: name: Muñoz, Claudio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we describe the inelastic character of solitons of some slowly varying gKdV equations. We give precise lower bounds, in the energy space, of the defect induced by the potential on the solution as time goes to infinite. For the proof, we consider suitable Lyapunov functionals that propagate the defect along the dynamics in a non trivial fashion, in the spirit of the recent breakthroughs made by Martel and Merle in the case of the two soliton collision for non integrable gKdV equations. In addition, we also consider a special, degenerate case, where the defect is formally of second order.
description: 27 pp., submitted
Essays in Theoretical and Applied Econometrics
Creators: name: Gong, Aibo
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Econometrics
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Causal Inference
subject: Robust Inference
subject: Applied Micro Theory
subject: Treatment Effects
subject: Economics
subject: Business and Economics

description: Despite their wide use in empirical applications, traditional econometric tools may perform poorly in applied work, as the difficulties faced by researchers in applied work are often overlooked through reasonings that depend on restrictive conditions. This dissertation consists of three connected chapters on essential issues in conducting robust estimation and causal inference for key economic parameters under different setups. The first chapter discusses identification and estimation issues on the treatment effect with anticipation, a generalization of widely used stringent assumptions. Potential outcomes frameworks with assumptions motivated by economic models are provided and bounds for treatment effects are achived. Correpsonding estimation and inference procedures are provided, as well as generalizations to incorporate complicated situations to achieve improvement over current practice. The second chapter provides estimation and inference procedures robust to high-dimensional covariates in an important class of broadly applied cluster models. Robustness is achieved through either generalization of heteroskedasticity consistent estimators or the leave-one-out procedure. The third chapter studies a strategic trading model between a market maker who behaves like an ``econometrician'' and uses econometric tools to price and a well-informed inside trader. We focus on the application of econometric tools in estimating unknown parameters in a model that is robust to information ambiguity. Unique linear equilibrium exhibits the underreaction phenomenon. We also show the equivalence between a robust linear strategy and a specific two-way learning procedure regardless of the statistical models chosen by the market maker.
title: Κρυμμένες Γυναίκες στη Γραφιστική Επικοινωνία
title: Hidden Women in Graphic Design
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Σπύρου, Κωνσταντίνα
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Δυτικής Αττικής
Year: 2021
Subjects: Κρυμμένες γυναίκες
Γραφιστική επικοινωνία

description: Αυτή η έρευνα εξετάζει το λόγο για τον οποίο υπάρχει έλλειψη αναγνώρισης των γυναικών γραφιστών στην Ελλάδα, διερευνώντας επίσης εάν υπάρχει μετατόπιση της κοινής γνώμης, δεδομένου ότι περισσότερες γυναίκες αποφοιτούν από τις σχολές γραφιστικής, σε σχέση με τον αριθμό των γυναικών που ασκούν το επάγγελμα τελικά
Boletín Fármacos: Prescripción, Farmacia y Utilización 2022; 25(3)
Creators: name: Salud y Fármacos
Publisher: name: Salud y Fármacos
Year: 2022
Subjects: Prescripción
Farmacia
Utilización
Distribución
Uso adecuado de medicamentos

description: Boletín Fármacos es un boletín electrónico de la organización Salud y Fármacos (https://www.saludyfarmacos.org/) que se publica cuatro veces al año: febrero, mayo, agosto y noviembre.
El Boletín Fármacos: Prescripción, Farmacia y Utilización informa sobre el rol que diferentes actores (prescriptor, distribuidor, farmacéutico y paciente) y actividades (prescripción, distribución, dispensación y utilización) tienen en el uso adecuado de medicamentos, e incluye recomendaciones para mejorar estos procesos. El volumen incluye las secciones de Prescripción, Farmacia y Distribución, y Utilización. En la sección de Utilización se incluye información sobre como la producción, el consumo o la mala disposición de los remanentes de medicamentos, tanto de consumo humano como en agropecuaria, contamina en el medio ambiente.
Este documento corresponde al 2022, Vol. 25, N°3.
Reversibility of Red blood Cell deformation
Creators: name: Zeitz, Maria
name: Sens, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ability of cells to undergo reversible shape changes is often crucial to their survival. For Red Blood Cells (RBCs), irreversible alteration of the cell shape and flexibility often causes anemia. Here we show theoretically that RBCs may react irreversibly to mechanical perturbations because of tensile stress in their cytoskeleton. The transient polymerization of protein fibers inside the cell seen in sickle cell anemia or a transient external force can trigger the formation of a cytoskeleton-free membrane protrusion of micrometer dimensions. The complex relaxation kinetics of the cell shape is shown to be responsible for selecting the final state once the perturbation is removed, thereby controlling the reversibility of the deformation. In some case, tubular protrusion are expected to relax via a peculiar "pearling instability".
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Air traffic control tower: changings of initial options
Creators: name: Galyna, Agieieva
name: Burchak, A.
name: Sukach, Т. S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: airports
reconstruction
urban planning
air traffic control
dominant building

description: There are given there are given the results of research of world practice of airports reconstruction, in particular, the air traffic control. Over the time researched objects had lost their option of high-rise dominant building airports, but they had gotten new options in public buildings.
description: UDC 625.717:725.394(043.2)
Planetary Nebula Populations and Kinematics
Creators: name: Richer, Michael G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The brightest planetary nebulae achieve similar maximum luminosities, have similar ratios of chemcial abundances, and apparently share similar kinematics in all galaxies. These similarities, however, are not necessarily expected theoretically and appear to hide important evolutionary differences. As predicted theoretically, metallicity appears to affect nebular kinematics, if subtly, and there is a clear variation with evolutionary stage. To the extent that it can be investigated, the internal kinematics for galactic and extragalactic planetary nebulae are similar. The extragalactic planetary nebulae for which kinematic data exist, though, probably pertain to a small range of progenitor masses, so there may still be much left to learn, particularly concerning the kinematics of planetary nebulae that descend from the more massive progenitors.
description: Invited Review, IAU Symp. 283, Planetary Nebulae: An Eye to the Future
Adaptive Regularization for Inverse Problems in Imaging
Creators: name: Blocker, Cameron
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: inverse problem
subject: regularization
subject: computational imaging
subject: Procrustes
subject: light-field
subject: Electrical Engineering
subject: Engineering

description: We live in a world where imaging systems are ubiquitous. From the cell phones in our pockets to our cars and doorbells and on to telescopes and medical scanners, imaging has changed how we share, document, and understand our world. There is an increasing demand to make these systems more efficient by producing higher-quality images with fewer and fewer resources. When we need an image that is of higher quality than can be directly constructed from its samples, we have an inverse problem and must rely on nonlinear reconstruction schemes. These reconstruction algorithms fill the gap between the measured samples and the desired high-quality images by leveraging a model that attempts to distinguish image content from artifacts. Many modern image models are optimized — or trained — to produce high-quality results on a large dataset of images. These methods have shown a large improvement over classical fixed models, but require a lot of computation and high-quality data for the dataset. This thesis applies and develops adaptive image models which are trained during reconstruction for a particular image and can optionally be pre-trained on a dataset. These adaptive methods are formulated as part of a regularization term of a minimization problem and enabled by efficient model updates. In particular, we further develop a union of subspaces model and a dynamic subspace model which are both enabled by an efficient generalized Procrustes update. Beyond subspace models, this work also investigates the application of neural networks trained at reconstruction time on image patches. The proposed methods are applied to problems in light-field imaging and MRI.
Decision analysis framework for high inflow events for small hydropower reservoir systems
Creators: name: Zaman, Md. Sazid
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Hydro system operators are often confronted with a myriad of conflicting and challenging decision situations. In particular, managing hydroelectric facilities during high inflow or unusual events can be complex, time consuming and challenging. Most high inflow events that challenge operational planners are driven by hydrology, with either too much or too little water being available. Other factors such as unusual electricity market conditions, dam safety or equipment concerns also drive decision making. In a typical case operators try to balance multiple, and at times, competing objectives during high inflow events. In the case of high inflow subject flood events, Operation Planning Engineers are usually under time pressure to make decisions when the potential outcomes of different management options are highly uncertain. In such situations, planners must quickly make critical and important decisions taking into account the current state of the system and latest available information and forecasts. Their decisions can have environmental, social and financial consequences. The purpose of this research is to develop an effective tool for the Operation Planning Engineers in Generation Resource Management of BC Hydro (British Columbia Hydro and Power Authority), which can be quickly and efficiently used during high inflow events at some of BC Hydro facilities. We describe the process that we have developed to build a tool to implement a Structured Decision Making Framework for a typical BC Hydro facility. The tool addresses the inflow uncertainties associated with high inflow floods and includes multiple objectives that are difficult to measure by means of a common unit, which necessitated the development of utility functions and required a trade-off analysis to be carried out. In this paper we also describe a methodology to do the tradeoff analysis among the objectives. We present the results of the analysis for a flood event in the Cheakamus River, October, 2003. At the end of the project decisions made in real-time will be less dependent on the planner’s own risk tolerance and more aligned with corporate risk tolerances that are acceptable to senior management.
Designing and Measuring Novel Van der Waals Semiconductor Photonic Devices
Creators: name: Paik, Eunice
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 2D materials
subject: exciton-polaritons
subject: photonics
subject: semiconductor lasers
subject: transition metal dichalcogenides
subject: Physics
subject: Science

description: Semiconductor photonic devices enable efficient optical communication using light for fast transmission and detection of information. Conventional photonic devices primarily use group III-V semiconductors. However, these devices have limited integrability with silicon-based circuits, are bulky, and it is challenging to engineer their fundamental properties. Van der Waals (vdW) semiconductors are good candidates for the next generation of devices because they are atomically thin and feature strong emission, making them easy to integrate and efficient. Furthermore, they enable engineering of optical, electrical, and structural properties through formation of heterostructures and moir'{e} superlattices. We design and create novel photonic devices by leveraging the optical tunability of vdW semiconductors. Our transferrable distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) cavity has a high quality factor, can strongly couple with vdW materials, and constructed using cavity fabrication methods that are robust and reliable. The DBR cavity coupled with hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) encapsulated monolayer MoSe$_{2}$ forms strongly coupled exciton-polaritons. To further study photonic devices with vdW heterobilayers, we design and create the first WSe$_{2}$/MoSe$_{2}$ heterostructure laser and perform rigorous power dependence and first-order spatial coherence measurements to ensure lasing. The device shows a non-linear increase of the output intensity, linewidth narrowing, and a formation of extended spatial coherence, signifying lasing. Lastly, we study electrically controlled and cavity coupled WS$_{2}$}/MoSe$_{2}$ hybrid excitons to better understand the exciton-cavity coupling mechanism. Together, this improved understanding of vdW cavities and heterostructures sets the stage for designable photonic technologies and allows exploration of novel physics.
Explainable shared control in assistive robotics
Creators: name: Zolotas, Mark
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2020

description: Shared control plays a pivotal role in designing assistive robots to complement human capabilities during everyday tasks. However, traditional shared control relies on users forming an accurate mental model of expected robot behaviour. Without this accurate mental image, users may encounter confusion or frustration whenever their actions do not elicit the intended system response, forming a misalignment between the respective internal models of the robot and human. The Explainable Shared Control paradigm introduced in this thesis attempts to resolve such model misalignment by jointly considering assistance and transparency. There are two perspectives of transparency to Explainable Shared Control: the human's and the robot's. Augmented reality is presented as an integral component that addresses the human viewpoint by visually unveiling the robot's internal mechanisms. Whilst the robot perspective requires an awareness of human "intent", and so a clustering framework composed of a deep generative model is developed for human intention inference. Both transparency constructs are implemented atop a real assistive robotic wheelchair and tested with human users. An augmented reality headset is incorporated into the robotic wheelchair and different interface options are evaluated across two user studies to explore their influence on mental model accuracy. Experimental results indicate that this setup facilitates transparent assistance by improving recovery times from adverse events associated with model misalignment. As for human intention inference, the clustering framework is applied to a dataset collected from users operating the robotic wheelchair. Findings from this experiment demonstrate that the learnt clusters are interpretable and meaningful representations of human intent. This thesis serves as a first step in the interdisciplinary area of Explainable Shared Control. The contributions to shared control, augmented reality and representation learning contained within this thesis are likely to help future research advance the proposed paradigm, and thus bolster the prevalence of assistive robots.
Two New Tidally Distorted White Dwarfs
Creators: name: Hermes, J. J.
name: Kilic, Mukremin
name: Brown, Warren R.
name: Montgomery, M. H.
name: Winget, D. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We identify two new tidally distorted white dwarfs (WDs), SDSS J174140.49+652638.7 and J211921.96-001825.8 (hereafter J1741 and J2119). Both stars are extremely low mass (ELM, < 0.2 Msun) WDs in short-period, detached binary systems. High-speed photometric observations obtained at the McDonald Observatory reveal ellipsoidal variations and Doppler beaming in both systems; J1741, with a minimum companion mass of 1.1 Msun, has one of the strongest Doppler beaming signals ever observed in a binary system (0.59 \pm 0.06% amplitude). We use the observed ellipsoidal variations to constrain the radius of each WD. For J1741, the star's radius must exceed 0.074 Rsun. For J2119, the radius exceeds 0.10 Rsun. These indirect radius measurements are comparable to the radius measurements for the bloated WD companions to A-stars found by the Kepler spacecraft, and they constitute some of the largest radii inferred for any WD. Surprisingly, J1741 also appears to show a 0.23 \pm 0.06% reflection effect, and we discuss possible sources for this excess heating. Both J1741 and J2119 are strong gravitational wave sources, and the time-of-minimum of the ellipsoidal variations can be used to detect the orbital period decay. This may be possible on a timescale of a decade or less.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Boletín Fármacos: Farmacovigilancia 2022; 25(3)
Creators: name: Salud y Fármacos
Publisher: name: Salud y Fármacos
Year: 2022
Subjects: Medicamentos
Farmacovigilancia
Alertas, seguridad y retiros del mercado
Interacciones fármaco-fármaco
Interacciones fármaco-medicina tradicional
Interacciones fármaco-alimento
Reacciones adversas

description: Boletín Fármacos es un boletín electrónico de la organización Salud y Fármacos (https://www.saludyfarmacos.org/) que se publica cuatro veces al año: febrero, mayo, agosto y noviembre.
El Boletín Fármacos: Farmacovigilancia incluye artículos y notas informativas sobre la seguridad de los medicamentos. Abarca temas de investigación; alertas por la solicitud y/o retirada del mercado de medicamentos; los cambios a las etiquetas fichas técnicas de los medicamentos; información sobre posibles interacciones fármaco-fármaco, fármaco-medicina tradicional, fármaco-alimento, reacciones adversas; y algunos otros informes de farmacovigilancia. Está sección suele incluir traducciones de los reconocidos boletines: Worst Pills, Best Pills (Public Citizen), Therapeutics Initiative, y Prescrire.
Este ítem corresponde al 2022, Vol. 25, N°3.
Weyl-Weyl Correlator in de Donder Gauge on de Sitter
Creators: name: Mora, P. J.
name: Tsamis, N. C.
name: Woodard, R. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the linearized Weyl-Weyl correlator using a new solution for the graviton propagator on de Sitter background in de Donder gauge. The result agrees exactly with a previous computation in a noncovariant gauge. We also use dimensional regularization to compute the one loop expectation value of the square of the Weyl tensor.
description: 16 pages, no figures, uses LaTeX2e
Education after the Pandemic: What We Have (Not) Learned about Learning
Creators: name: Kerres, Michael
name: Buchner, Josef
Publisher: name: Molecular Diversity Preservation International
Year: 2022
Subjects: Bildungstechnologie
Pandemie
Zukunft
Soziale Konstruktion

description: Während der Pandemie sind Bildungstechnologien zu einem unverzichtbaren Instrument geworden, um Bildung aus der Ferne anzubieten. Das Papier skizziert grundlegende Annahmen der Forschung zu den Auswirkungen der Pandemie auf die Bildung und weist auf methodische Mängel hin, wenn diese Effekte in direktem Zusammenhang mit der Pandemie oder mit den Auswirkungen der Bildungstechnologie auf das Lernen stehen. Studien lassen sich nicht einfach aggregieren und müssen die institutionellen, nationalen und kulturellen Bedingungen berücksichtigen, wie das Bildungssystem auf die Pandemie reagiert hat. Der Artikel diskutiert, wie die Erfahrungen während der Pandemie die zukünftige Diskussion über Bildung nach der Pandemie prägen werden. Im Hinblick auf den Einsatz digitaler Technologien scheint die Zukunft weithin offen und wird weitgehend von der Interpretation und Rekonstruktion dieser Erfahrungen während der Pandemie durch die Akteure vor Ort abhängen. Zwei widersprüchliche Visionen für die Rolle von Bildungstechnologie in der Bildung nach der Pandemie scheinen möglich: eine prä- vs. postdigitale Sichtweise, die grundlegend unterschiedliche Perspektiven für die Zukunft der Bildung impliziert. Eine vordigitale Rekonstruktion impliziert eine Rückkehr ""zurück zur Normalität"", während eine postdigitale Sichtweise versucht, die Erfahrungen der Pandemie für eine konsequente Reform der Bildung zu nutzen.
Endostatin Is an Independent Risk Factor of Graft Loss after Kidney Transplant
Creators: name: Chu, Chang
name: Hasan, Ahmed A.
name: Gaballa, Mohamed M. S.
name: Zeng, Shufei
name: Xiong, Yingquan
name: Elitok, Saban
name: Krämer, Bernhard K.
name: Hocher, Berthold
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Endostatin
subject: Graft loss
subject: All-cause mortality
subject: Kidney transplant recipient
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Endostatin is a 20-kDa C-terminal fragment of collagen XVIII, known for its ability to inhibit the proliferation of capillary endothelial cells. Previous studies suggested that circulating endostatin independently predicts incident chronic kidney disease. However, the impact of endostatin on graft loss level in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) remains unknown. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational cohort study in 574 maintenance KTRs. Patients were followed for kidney graft loss and all-cause mortality during a median follow-up of 48 months. Serum-, and urine-samples and clinical data were collected at baseline. Serum Endostatin concentration was analyzed by an ELISA. Results: Among 574 patients, 37 patients had graft loss and 62 patients died. For graft loss, the optimal cut-off value based on receiver operating characteristics analysis (area under the curve 0.79, 95% CI 0.71-0.86, p < 0.001) of endostatin was 147.3 pmol/L. Kaplan-Meier curves revealed that higher serum endostatin concentrations positively correlated with graft loss (p < 0.001). Multivariable Cox regression analyses showed that baseline endostatin concentrations were significantly associated with graft loss after adjusting for graft loss risk factors (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 8.34; 95% CI 2.19-31.72; p = 0.002). The adjusted HRs for classical graft loss risk factors such as baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate and urinary protein excretion were lower (1.91 and 5.44, respectively). In contrast to graft loss, baseline endostatin concentrations were not associated with all-cause mortality. Conclusion: Increased serum endostatin at baseline is independently associated with the risk of graft loss in KTRs.
Stationary states of systems with intermolecular interactions dominated by electrostatics: Structure of trimethylammonium and tetramethylammonium chlorides and bromides in the gas phase, monomers and dimers
Creators: name: Denisov, Gleb S.
name: Limbach, Hans-Heinrich
name: Alkorta, Ibon
name: Elguero, José
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Non-covalent interactions
subject: Hydrogen bonds
subject: Tetrel bonds
subject: Vibrational spectra
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: This work reports the theoretical study carried out with the M06-2x functional and the aug-cc-pVTZ basis set of four ammonium and two phosphonium salts, Me3NH+Cl–, Me3NH+Br–, Me4N+Cl–, Me4N+Br–, Me4P+Cl– and Me4P+Br–. The structure of the monomeric and dimeric complexes (between 1 and 5 conformations each) has been analyzed in what concern geometries, energies and NH+ stretching frequencies. The ammonium geometries were successfully compared with the X-ray structures found in the CSD.
Asymmetries of Internationalism: Performing and Remembering Subnational Internationalism in the Age of Developed Socialism
Creators: name: Nunan, Timothy
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: subnational internationalism
subject: Soviet internationalism
subject: socialist internationalism
subject: 900 Geschichte und Geografie::950 Geschichte Asiens::956 Geschichte des Nahen Ostens (Mittleren Ostens)

description: During the twentieth century, the socialist bloc became a second home for socialists from Iran and Afghanistan. Iranian socialists almost certainly constituted the largest foreign diaspora in the USSR at the time of its dissolution, and Soviet entanglements in Afghanistan led to a large flow of Afghan soldiers, students, and socialists to the Soviet Union in the latter half of the twentieth century. The USSR also sponsored Persian socialist internationalism domestically in the form of the Tajik SSR. This paper uses sources from all three sides of the “Persianate triangle” (Tajikistan, Iran, and Afghanistan) to highlight how encounters between socialist groups often highlighted differences between these groups' understanding of socialism despite a shared Persian language. More broadly, it points to the importance of “subnational actors” in the making of Soviet foreign policy. Case studies of a Tajik translator in the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan as well as Iranian socialist exiles in Kabul also show how the memory of socialist internationalism has been processed and narrated very differently within the Iranian diaspora and Tajikistan today. In conclusion, the article shows how the networks forged by Soviet internationalism have often been reworked in the wake of the collapse of the USSR and offers reflections on how scholars can engage further in the study of “subnational internationalism.”