Drephalys (Drephalys) diovalis Zhang & Cong & Grishin 2023, new species
Creators: name: Zhang, Jing
name: Cong, Qian
name: Grishin, Nick V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Hesperiidae
Drephalys
Drephalys diovalis

description: Drephalys (Drephalys) diovalis Grishin, new species   
https://zoobank.org/ 23F826FB-40E4-4664-823D-C671FF1FEDEC  
(Fig. 1 part, 9–10, 221–222)  
 Definition and diagnosis. Both genomic sequences and genitalia characters (valva with knobs distally and without a long process from the ampulla) place this species in the nominal subgenus Drephalys E. Watson, 1893. However, the yellow colors of the spots and the wing patterns show some similarity to species from the subgenus Paradrephalys Burns, 2000. The closest in appearance and the only known nominotypical dorsally yellow-patterned Drephalys with ventral hindwing pale spots instead of a band is Drephalys opifex Evans, 1952 (type locality in Suriname). The new species keys to it (B.6.8) in Evans (1952), although not precisely, because the hindwing base in the new species is ventrally orange infused with purple instead of yellow, and palpi are whiter. More specifically, it differs from all described Drephalys species by a combination of honey-yellow markings on the dorsal wing surface (cell Rs-M 1 with a yellow spot), two prominent oval white spots on the purple-orange ventral hindwing, and the lack of costal fold. In DNA, a combination of the following base pairs is diagnostic in the nuclear genome: aly1146.54.9:A585G, aly1146.54.9:A591T, aly275211.5.3:A92G, aly 2284.4.3:T87C, aly 2284.4.3:T148C, aly113.11.7:C105C (not T), aly113.11.7:C138C (not T), aly 2363.7.5:G102G (not A), aly525.90.3:G21G (not C), aly10226.17.2:C63C (not T), and COI barcode: T268T, T274A, T475C, T487C, C536C.   
 Barcode sequence of the holotype. Sample NVG-17096C04, GenBank OR837624, 658 base pairs: AACATTATATTTTATTTTTGGAATTTGAGCAGGAATAGTAGGAACATCTTTAAGTCTTTTAATTCGAACTGAATTAGGAACCCCAGGATCTTTAATT GGAGATGATCAAATTTATAATACTATTGTAACAGCTCATGCTTTTATTATAATTTTTTTTATAGTTATACCTATTATAATTGGAGGATTTGGTAATT GATTAGTTCCTTTAATATTAGGAGCTCCTGATATAGCTTTCCCACGAATAAATAATATAAGTTTTTGATTACTTCCCCCATCATTAACTCTTTTAAT TTCTAGAAGAATTGTAGAAAATGGAGCAGGAACTGGATGAACAGTTTATCCCCCTCTTTCATCAAATATTGCTCATCAAGGTTCTTCTGTAGATTTA GCTATTTTTTCCCTTCATTTAGCTGGTATTTCATCTATTTTAGGAGCTATTAACTTTATTACTACAATTATTAATATACGAATTAACAATTTATCAT TCGATCAAATACCTTTATTTGTATGAGCTGTAGGAATTACTGCTTTATTACTTTTATTATCTTTACCTGTTTTAGCAGGAGCTATTACTATACTTTT AACTGATCGAAATTTAAATACATCATTTTTTGATCCAGCAGGAGGAGGAGATCCTATTTTATATCAACATTTATTT   
 Type material. Holotype: ♂ deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA (USNM), illustrated in Fig. 9–10, bears the following five rectangular labels, four white: [ECUADOR Napo | Tena-Pano Rd. 600m | 27 Sept. ’90 | D. H. Ahrenholz], [Drephalys | dumeril | Det. ♂ | S. S. Nicolay], [DNA sample ID: | NVG-17096C04 | c/o Nick V. Grishin], [USNMENT | {QR Code} | 00894990], and one red [HOLOTYPE ♂ | Drephalys | diovalis Grishin].   
 Type locality. Ecuador: Napo Province, Tena-Pano Road, elevation 600 m.   
 Etymology. The name is given for the doublet of oval spots on the ventral hindwing and is a noun in apposition.   
 Distribution. Currently known only from the holotype collected in Ecuador.
description: Published as part of Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian & Grishin, Nick V., 2023, Supplementary Materials and Appendix, pp. 1-115 in Insecta Mundi 2023 (26) on pages 6-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10396362