cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Protocol for an assessment of how species richness promotes plant productivity via suppressing plant antagonists.
Creators: name: Wan, Nian-feng
name: Wang, Yu-Quan
name: Fu, Liwan
name: Liu, Jie
name: Woodcock, Ben. A.
name: Scherber, Christoph
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Plant productivity
Plant antagonists
meta-analysis
PRISMA
Protocols

description: This protocol is intended to provide a pre-registration of the approach used for deriving literature following PRIMSMA-P protocols and subsequent planned analysis in an assessment of how plant species richness suppresses plant antagonists. In the context of this protocol antagonists refer to invertebrate herbivores, plant diseases, weeds, plant-feeding nematodes and plant-consuming rodents that may negatively impact on plant productivity. The diversity-productivity hypothesis assumes that increasing plant species richness can attain greater productivity. However, the exact mechanisms that underpin this relationship remain unclear or potentially context specific. One important mechanism that may underpin this effect is the role of increasing plant species richness facilitating the suppressing of plant antagonists positively affecting the overall productivity of the system. The positive effects of plant species richness on plant productivity resulting from the suppressing of such plant antagonists remains unknown on a global scale. A generalized synthesis is therefore urgently required to identify the research gaps and to shed light on broad trends according to the existing literature. The goals of this protocol are to outline approaches to undertake a global meta-analysis to assess the impact of increasing plant species richness in suppressing plant antagonists that have resulting impacts on the growth, reproduction and quality resulting in direct damage to tissues of plants.
title: Non-traumatic cerebral microhaemorrhages after by partial hanging
Creators: name: Nandolia, Khanakkumar
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Neuroradiology
subject: CNS
subject: Emergency
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: Haemorrhage
subject: Clinical Cases

description: Clinical History: A 19-year-old female was admitted to the emergency medicine department with altered sensorium. She hung herself for about 20 minutes and her feet were in contact with the ground, according to a witness statement. She was immediately brought to the hospital upon being found out. On admission, her vitals were: blood pressure - 114/63 mmHg; heart rate - 118 beats/minute; respiratory rate - 20 breaths/min; body temperature of 36°C. She was in a semi-comatose state, with a score of 6/15 on the Glasgow Coma Scale. Her pupils were normal and equal in size and reacted to light promptly. No other neurological abnormalities were revealed in examinations. The only outer, visible sign of asphyxia was the incomplete ligature mark around her neck.

description: 19 years, female
A New Limit on CMB Circular Polarization from SPIDER
Creators: name: Nagy, J. M.
name: Ade, P. A. R.
name: Amiri, M.
name: Benton, S. J.
name: Bergman, A. S.
name: Bihary, R.
name: Bock, J. J.
name: Bond, J. R.
name: Bryan, S. A.
name: Chiang, H. C.
name: Contaldi, C. R.
name: Dore, O.
name: Duivenvoorden, A. J.
name: Eriksen, H. K.
name: Farhang, M.
name: Filippini, J. P.
name: Fissel, L. M.
name: Fraisse, A. A.
name: Freese, K.
name: Galloway, M.
name: Gambrel, A. E.
name: Gandilo, N. N.
name: Ganga, K.
name: Gudmundsson, J. E.
name: Halpern, M.
name: Hartley, J.
name: Hasselfield, M.
name: Hilton, G.
name: Holmes, W.
name: Hristov, V. V.
name: Huang, Z.
name: Irwin, K. D.
name: Jones, W. C.
name: Kuo, C. L.
name: Kermish, Z. D.
name: Li, S.
name: Mason, P. V.
name: Megerian, K.
name: Moncelsi, L.
name: Morford, T. A.
name: Netterfield, C. B.
name: Nolta, M.
name: Padilla, I. L.
name: Racine, B.
name: Rahlin, A. S.
name: Reintsema, C.
name: Ruhl, J. E.
name: Runyan, M. C.
name: Ruud, T. M.
name: Shariff, J. A.
name: Soler, J. D.
name: Song, X.
name: Trangsrud, A.
name: Tucker, C.
name: Tucker, R. S.
name: Turner, A. D.
name: van der List, J. F.
name: Weber, A. C.
name: Wehus, I. K.
name: Wiebe, D. V.
name: Young, E. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new upper limit on CMB circular polarization from the 2015 flight of SPIDER, a balloon-borne telescope designed to search for $B$-mode linear polarization from cosmic inflation. Although the level of circular polarization in the CMB is predicted to be very small, experimental limits provide a valuable test of the underlying models. By exploiting the non-zero circular-to-linear polarization coupling of the HWP polarization modulators, data from SPIDER's 2015 Antarctic flight provide a constraint on Stokes $V$ at 95 and 150 GHz from $33
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, 5 tables - Updated to version accepted for publication in ApJ, modified acknowledgements
Retrolensing by a charged black hole
Creators: name: Tsukamoto, Naoki
name: Gong, Yungui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Compact objects with a light sphere such as black holes and wormholes can reflect light rays like a mirror. This gravitational lensing phenomenon is called retrolensing and it is an interesting tool to survey dark and compact objects with a light sphere near the solar system. In this paper, we calculate the deflection angle analytically in the strong deflection limit in the Reissner-Nordstrom spacetime without Taylor expanding it in the power of the electric charge. Using the obtained deflection angle in the strong deflection limit, we investigate the retrolensing light curves and the separation of double images by the light sphere of Reissner-Nordstrom black holes.
description: 24 pages, 11 figures, minor correction, accepted for publication in Physical Review D
title: Atypical demyelinating lesion simulating a malignant mass lesion
Creators: name: Charan, Bheru Dan
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Neuroradiology
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: MR
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Ischaemia / Infarction
subject: Clinical Cases

description: Clinical History: A 39-year-old male presented with a long history of the left side of his body and right face on-off numbness, weakness, and visual deficit in right eye. In 2018, he was on steroid therapy. Neuromyeitisoptica and Mylin oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein antibody panel were found negative.

description: 39 years, male
Inter-universal entanglement in a cyclic multiverse
Creators: name: Robles-Perez, Salvador
name: Balcerzak, Adam
name: Dabrowski, Mariusz P.
name: Kraemer, Manuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study scenarios of parallel cyclic multiverses which allow for a different evolution of the physical constants, while having the same geometry. These universes are classically disconnected, but quantum-mechanically entangled. Applying the thermodynamics of entanglement, we calculate the temperature and the entropy of entanglement. It emerges that the entropy of entanglement is large at big bang and big crunch singularities of the parallel universes as well as at the maxima of the expansion of these universes. The latter seems to confirm earlier studies that quantum effects are strong at turning points of the evolution of the universe performed in the context of the timeless nature of the Wheeler-DeWitt equation and decoherence. On the other hand, the entropy of entanglement at big rip singularities is going to zero despite its presumably quantum nature. This may be an effect of total dissociation of the universe structures into infinitely separated patches violating the null energy condition. However, the temperature of entanglement is large/infinite at every classically singular point and at maximum expansion and seems to be a better measure of quantumness.
description: 12 pages, 11 figures. A new section (Sect. V) has been added with some remarks on the thermodynamics of entanglement and its observational consequences. Some minor typos have been corrected
Back hopping in spin-transfer-torque devices, possible origin and counter measures
Creators: name: Abert, Claas
name: Sepehri-Amin, Hossein
name: Bruckner, Florian
name: Vogler, Christoph
name: Hayashi, Masamitsu
name: Suess, Dieter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of undesirable high-frequency free-layer switching in magnetic multilayer systems, referred to as back hopping, is investigated by means of the spin-diffusion model. A possible origin of the back-hopping effect is found to be the destabilization of the pinned layer which leads to perpetual switching of both layers. The influence of different material parameters on the critical switching currents for the free and pinned layer is obtained by micromagnetic simulations. It is found that the choice of a free-layer material with low polarization $β$ and saturation magnetization $M_s$, and a pinned-layer material with high $β$ and $M_s$ leads to a low free-layer critical current and a high pinned-layer critical current and hence reduces the likelihood of back hopping. While back hopping was observed in various types of devices, there are only few experiments that exhibit this effect in perpendicularly magnetized systems. However, our simulations suggest, that this is likely to change due to loss of pinned-layer anisotropy when decreasing device sizes.
Artifact for "Melocoton: A Program Logic for Verified Interoperability Between OCaml and C"
Creators: name: Guéneau, Armaël
name: Hostert, Johannes
name: Spies, Simon
name: Sammler, Michael
name: Birkedal, Lars
name: Dreyer, Derek
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This is the artifact for the OOPSLA'23 paper "Melocoton: A Program Logic for Verified Interoperability Between OCaml and C". It contains the Coq development for the paper.
Polarization of a probe laser beam due to nonlinear QED effects
Creators: name: Shakeri, Soroush
name: Kalantari, Seyed Zafarollah
name: Xue, She-Sheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonlinear QED interactions induce different polarization properties on a given probe beam. We consider the polarization effects caused by the photon-photon interaction in laser experiments, when a laser beam propagates through a constant magnetic field or collides with another laser beam. We solve the quantum Boltzmann equation within the framework of the Euler-Heisenberg Lagrangian for both time-dependent and constant background field to explore the time evolution of the Stokes parameters Q, U, and V describing polarization. Assuming an initially linearly polarized probe laser beam, we also calculate the induced ellipticity and rotation of the polarization plane.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures
Realizable cycle structures in digraphs
Creators: name: Fromentin, J.
name: Giscard, P. -L
name: Karaboghossian, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Simple cycles on a digraph form a trace monoid under the rule that two such cycles commute if and only if they are vertex disjoint. This rule describes the spatial configuration of simple cycles on the digraph. Cartier and Foata have showed that all combinatorial properties of closed walks are dictated by this trace monoid. We find that most graph properties can be lost while maintaining the monoidal structure of simple cycles and thus cannot be inferred from it, including vertex-transitivity, regularity, planarity, Hamiltonicity, graph spectra, degree distribution and more. Conversely we find that even allowing for multidigraphs, many configurations of simple cycles are not possible at all. The problem of determining whether a given configuration of simple cycles is realizable is highly non-trivial. We show at least that it is decidable and equivalent to the existence of integer solutions to systems of polynomial equations.
Time-domain metric reconstruction for self-force applications
Creators: name: Barack, Leor
name: Giudice, Paco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new method for calculation of the gravitational self-force (GSF) in Kerr geometry, based on a time-domain reconstruction of the metric perturbation from curvature scalars. In this approach, the GSF is computed directly from a certain scalar-like self-potential that satisfies the time-domain Teukolsky equation on the Kerr background. The approach is computationally much cheaper than existing time-domain methods, which rely on a direct integration of the linearized Einstein's equations and are impaired by mode instabilities. At the same time, it retains the utility and flexibility of a time-domain treatment, allowing calculations for any type of orbit (including highly eccentric or unbound ones) and the possibility of self-consistently evolving the orbit under the effect of the GSF. Here we formulate our method, and present a first numerical application, for circular geodesic orbits in Schwarzschild geometry. We discuss further applications.
description: 21 pages, 7 figures; v3 corrects typo in Eq. (58)
Planck scale Corrections to the Harmonic Oscillator, Coherent and Squeezed States
Creators: name: Bosso, Pasquale
name: Das, Saurya
name: Mann, Robert B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP) is a modification of Heisenberg's Principle predicted by several theories of Quantum Gravity. It consists of a modified commutator between position and momentum. In this work we compute potentially observable effects that GUP implies for the harmonic oscillator, coherent and squeezed states in Quantum Mechanics. In particular, we rigorously analyze the GUP-perturbed harmonic oscillator Hamiltonian, defining new operators that act as ladder operators on the perturbed states. We use these operators to define the new coherent and squeezed states. We comment on potential applications.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures, accepted in Physical Review D
Three loop form factors of a massive spin-2 particle with nonuniversal coupling
Creators: name: Ahmed, Taushif
name: Banerjee, Pulak
name: Dhani, Prasanna K.
name: Mathews, Prakash
name: Rana, Narayan
name: Ravindran, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the interaction of spin-2 fields with those of Standard Model in a model independent framework. We have considered interactions where the spin-2 fields couple to two sets of gauge invariant tensorial operators that are not conserved unlike the energy momentum tensor with different coupling strengths. Such interactions not only change the ultraviolet behaviour of the couplings but also expand the scope of the searches of spin-2 particles at the colliders. We present all the relevant renormalisation constants up to three loop level in QCD and also the form factors that contribute to potential observables. This sets the ground to investigate the phenomenological consequences of these interactions with spin-2 fields through more than one tensorial operator.
description: 24 pages, Journal version
On the smooth dependence of SRB measures for partially hyperbolic systems
Creators: name: Zhang, Zhiyuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we study the differentiability of SRB measures for partially hyperbolic systems. We show that for any $s \geq 1$, for any integer $\ell \geq 2$, any sufficiently large $r$, any $φ\in C^{r}(\T, \R)$ such that the map $f : \T^2 \to \T^2, f(x,y) = (\ell x, y + φ(x))$ is $C^r-$stably ergodic, there exists an open neighbourhood of $f$ in $C^r(\T^2,\T^2)$ such that any map in this neighbourhood has a unique SRB measure with $C^{s-1}$ density, which depends on the dynamics in a $C^s$ fashion. We also construct a $C^{\infty}$ mostly contracting partially hyperbolic diffeomorphism $f: \T^3 \to \T^3$ such that all $f'$ in a $C^2$ open neighbourhood of $f$ possess a unique SRB measure $μ_{f'}$ and the map $f' \mapsto μ_{f'}$ is strictly Hölder at $f$, in particular, non-differentiable. This gives a partial answer to Dolgopyat's Question 13.3 in \cite{Do1}.
description: minor corrections. some references and explanatory texts are added
Semisuper Efimov effect of two-dimensional bosons at a three-body resonance
Creators: name: Nishida, Yusuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Wave-particle duality in quantum mechanics allows for a halo bound state whose spatial extension far exceeds a range of the interaction potential. What is even more striking is that such quantum halos can be arbitrarily large on special occasions. The two examples known so far are the Efimov effect and the super Efimov effect, which predict that spatial extensions of higher excited states grow exponentially and double exponentially, respectively. Here, we establish yet another new class of arbitrarily large quantum halos formed by spinless bosons with short-range interactions in two dimensions. When the two-body interaction is absent but the three-body interaction is resonant, four bosons exhibit an infinite tower of bound states whose spatial extensions scale as $R_n\sim e^{(πn)^2/27}$ for a large $n$. The emergent scaling law is universal and is termed a semisuper Efimov effect, which together with the Efimov and super Efimov effects constitutes a trio of few-body universality classes allowing for arbitrarily large quantum halos.
description: 5 pages; published version
Pattern-Division Multiplexing for Multi-User Continuous-Aperture MIMO
Creators: name: Zhang, Zijian
name: Dai, Linglong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In recent years, thanks to the advances in meta-materials, the concept of continuous-aperture MIMO (CAP-MIMO) is reinvestigated to achieve improved communication performance with limited antenna apertures. Unlike the classical MIMO composed of discrete antennas, CAP-MIMO has a quasi-continuous antenna surface, which is expected to generate any current distribution (i.e., pattern) and induce controllable spatial electromagnetic (EM) waves. In this way, the information is directly modulated on the EM waves, which makes it promising to approach the ultimate capacity of finite apertures. The pattern design is the key factor to determine the communication performance of CAP-MIMO, but it has not been well studied in the literature. In this paper, we develop pattern-division multiplexing (PDM) to design the patterns for CAP-MIMO. Specifically, we first study and model a typical multi-user CAP-MIMO system, which allows us to formulate the sum-rate maximization problem. Then, we develop a general PDM technique to transform the design of the continuous pattern functions to the design of their projection lengths on finite orthogonal bases, which can overcome the challenge of functional programming. Utilizing PDM, we further propose a block coordinate descent (BCD) based pattern design scheme to solve the formulated sum-rate maximization problem. Simulation results show that, the sum-rate achieved by the proposed scheme is higher than that achieved by benchmark schemes, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the developed PDM for CAP-MIMO.
description: To appear in IEEE JSAC. In this paper, we propose pattern-division multiplexing to design the patterns for a continuous-aperture MIMO system. The simulation codes are provided at: http://oa.ee.tsinghua.edu.cn/dailinglong/publications/publications.html
title: Gerbode defect diagnosed on CT angiography in a case of VSD with pulmonary stenosis
Creators: name: Nayyer, Amena
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Paediatric radiology
subject: Cardiovascular system
subject: Paediatric
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Clinical Cases

description: Clinical History: A 30-year gentleman presented with shortness of breath on exertion and bluish discoloration of limbs since one year. On examination, a pansystolic murmur was heard in mitral area. Jugular venous pressure was normal. On 2D transthoracic echocardiography, a large ventricular septal defect was noted with severe pulmonary infundibular stenosis. Mild aortic regurgitation was present.

description: 30 years, male
Chiral anomaly enhancement and photo-irradiation effects in multi-band touching fermion systems
Creators: name: Ezawa, Motohiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multi-band touchings together with the emergence of fermions exhibiting linear dispersions have recently been predicted and realized in various materials. We first investigate the Adler-Bell-Jackiw chiral anomaly in these multi-band touching semimetals when they are described by the pseudospin operator in high dimensional representation. By evaluating the Chern number, we show that the anomalous Hall effect is enhanced depending on the magnitude of the pseudospin. It is also confirmed by the analysis of the Landau levels when magnetic field is applied. Namely, charge pumping occurs from one multi-band touching point to another through multi-channel Landau levels in the presence of parallel electric and magnetic fields. We also show a pair annihilation of two multi-band touching points by photo-irradiation. Furthermore, we propose generalizations of Dirac semimetals, multiple-Weyl semimetals and loop-nodal semimetals to those composed of fermions carrying pseudospins in high dimensional representation. Finally we investigate the 3-band touching protected by the $% C_{3}$ symmetry. We show that the 3-band touching point is broken into two Weyl points by photo-irradiation.
description: 9 pages, 10 figures
A microscopic nucleon spectral function for finite nuclei featuring two- and trhee-nucleon short-range correlations: I. The model vs. ab-initio calculations for the three-nucleon systems
Creators: name: Atti, Claudio Ciofi degli
name: Mezzetti, Chiara Benedetta
name: Morita, Hiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The main features of the convolution model which, in the region of two-nucleon (2N) and three-nucleon (3N) short-range correlations (SRC), describes the one-nucleon momentum distribution n(k_1) and the spectral function P(k_1,E) in terms of a convolution integral involving the relative n_{rel}(k_{rel}) and the center-of-mass n_{c.m.}(K_{c.m.}) momentum distributions of a nucleon-nucleon pair, are illustrated in detail. It is stressed that the model, which stems from the universal property of factorization exhibited by the nuclear wave function at short inter-nucleon distances, is only applicable in a well-defined region of k_{rel} and K_{c.m.}; it is shown, in particular, that the requirement of factorization introduces a severe constraint on the values of k_{rel} and K_{c.m.} that appear in the convolution integral. Using ab-initio relative and c.m. momentum distributions for ^3He, the validity of the convolution model is investigated by comparing the model spectral function and momentum distributions with the ones resulting from ab-initio calculations performed with realistic local NN interaction of the Argonne family. It is shown that when the constraint on the value of k_{rel} and K_{c.m.} are correctly taken into account and only 2N SRC are taken into account, the convolution model is in good agreement with the ab-initio spectral function in the region of the peak exhibited by the latter, whereas far from the peak, particularly at high values of the removal energy, the model spectral function can be qualitatively reconciled with the ab-initio spectral function only by considering the effects of 3N SRC. As for the nucleon momentum distribution, the effects of 3N SRC appears to be very small.
description: 25 pages, 8 figures
Solution of the Fokker-Planck equation with a logarithmic potential and mixed eigenvalue spectrum
Creators: name: Guarnieri, Filippo
name: Moon, Woosok
name: Wettlaufer, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by a problem in climate dynamics, we investigate the solution of a Bessel-like process with negative constant drift, described by a Fokker-Planck equation with a potential V(x) = - [b \ln(x) + a\, x], for b>0 and a<0. The problem belongs to a family of Fokker-Planck equations with logarithmic potentials closely related to the Bessel process, that has been extensively studied for its applications in physics, biology and finance. The Bessel-like process we consider can be solved by seeking solutions through an expansion into a complete set of eigenfunctions. The associated imaginary-time Schroedinger equation exhibits a mix of discrete and continuous eigenvalue spectra, corresponding to the quantum Coulomb potential describing the bound states of the hydrogen atom. We present a technique to evaluate the normalization factor of the continuous spectrum of eigenfunctions that relies solely upon their asymptotic behavior. We demonstrate the technique by solving the Brownian motion problem and the Bessel process both with a negative constant drift. We conclude with a comparison with other analytical methods and with numerical solutions.
description: 21 pages, 8 figures
Pressure-induced insulator-metal transition in EuMnO3
Creators: name: Qiu, R.
name: Bousquet, E.
name: Cano, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the influence of external pressure on the electronic and magnetic structure of EuMnO3 from first-principles calculations. We find a pressure-induced insulator-metal transition at which the magnetic order changes from A-type antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic with a strong interplay with Jahn-Teller distortions. In addition, we find that the non-centrosymmetric E*-type antiferromagnetic order can become nearly degenerate with the ferromagnetic ground state in the high-pressure metallic state. This situation can be exploited to promote a magnetically-driven realization of a non-centrosymmetric (ferroelectric) metal.
Strongly angle-dependent magnetoresistance in Weyl semimetals with long-range disorder
Creators: name: Behrends, Jan
name: Bardarson, Jens H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The chiral anomaly in Weyl semimetals states that the left- and right-handed Weyl fermions, constituting the low energy description, are not individually conserved, resulting, for example, in a negative magnetoresistance in such materials. Recent experiments see strong indications of such an anomalous resistance response; however, with a response that at strong fields is more sharply peaked for parallel magnetic and electric fields than expected from simple theoretical considerations. Here, we uncover a mechanism, arising from the interplay between the angle-dependent Landau level structure and long-range scalar disorder, that has the same phenomenology. In particular, we ana- lytically show, and numerically confirm, that the internode scattering time decreases exponentially with the angle between the magnetic field and the Weyl node separation in the large field limit, while it is insensitive to this angle at weak magnetic fields. Since, in the simplest approximation, the internode scattering time is proportional to the anomaly-related conductivity, this feature may be related to the experimental observations of a sharply peaked magnetoresistance.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Ultrafast demagnetization in bulk vs thin films: an ab-initio study
Creators: name: Krieger, K.
name: Elliott, P.
name: Müller, T.
name: Singh, N.
name: Dewhurst, J. K.
name: Gross, E. K. U.
name: Sharma, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on {\it ab-initio} simulations of the quantum dynamics of electronic charge and spin when subjected to intense laser pulses. By performing separate calculations for a Ni thin film and bulk Ni, we conclude that surface effects have a dramatic influence on amplifying the laser induced demagnetization. We show that the reason for this amplification is due to increased spin-currents on the surface of the thin film. This enhancement is a direct consequence of the broken symmetry originating from the surface formation. We find that the underlying physics of demagnetization, during the early femtoseconds, for both bulk and thin film is dominated by spin-flips induced by spin-orbit coupling. After the first $\sim 40$ fs this changes in that the dominant cause of demagnetization is the flow of spin-currents, which leads to stronger demagnetization in the film compared to that of the bulk.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
A note on Grothendieck groups of periodic derived categories
Creators: name: Saito, Shunya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18G80, 16G10

description: We determine Grothendieck groups of periodic derived categories. In particular, we prove that the Grothendieck group of the $m$-periodic derived category of finitely generated modules over an Artin algebra is a free $\mathbb{Z}$-module if $m$ is even but an $\mathbb{F}_2$-vector space if $m$ is odd. Its rank is equal to the number of isomorphism classes of simple modules in both cases. As an application, we prove that the number of non-isomorphic summands of a strict periodic tilting object $T$, which was introduced in [S21] as a periodic analogue of tilting objects, is independent of the choice of $T$.
description: 9 pages
Proposal for observing the Unruh effect with classical electrodynamics
Creators: name: Cozzella, Gabriel
name: Landulfo, Andre G. S.
name: Matsas, George E. A.
name: Vanzella, Daniel A. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Unruh effect -- according to which linearly accelerated observers with proper acceleration a= constant in the (no-particle) vacuum state of inertial observers experience a thermal bath of particles with temperature $T_U = a \hbar / (2 πk_B c)$ -- has just completed its 40$^{th}$ anniversary. A 'direct' experimental confirmation of the Unruh effect has been seen with concern because the linear acceleration needed to reach a temperature $1 K$ is of order $10^{20} m/s^2$. Although the Unruh effect can be rigorously considered as well tested as free quantum field theory itself, it would be satisfying to observe some lab phenomenon which could evidence its existence. Here, we propose a simple experiment reachable under present technology whose result may be directly interpreted in terms of the Unruh thermal bath. Then, instead of waiting for experimentalists to perform the experiment, we use standard classical electrodynamics to anticipate its output and show that it reveals the presence of a thermal bath with temperature $T_U$ in the accelerated frame. Unless one is willing to question the validity of classical electrodynamics, this must be seen as a virtual observation of the Unruh effect. Regardless of doubts still raised by some voices, the Unruh effect lives among us.
description: Same as published version except for minor stylistic differences. 7 pages and 2 figures, including Supplemental Material. Title distinct from the original one to comply with editorial request. Overall, original and published versions are the same
Zeno and anti-Zeno effect in an open quantum system in the ultrastrong-coupling regime
Creators: name: He, Shu
name: Chen, Qing-Hu
name: Zheng, Hang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the quantum Zeno effect (QZE) and quantum anti-Zeno effect (QAZE) of a two-level system interacting with an environment of harmonic oscillators, the spin-boson model. By applying a numerically exact method based on matrix product states, the previously obtained picture on the influence of counter-rotating terms has to be modified: For physical bath initial states, the transition from QZE to QAZE with increasing measurement interval is only absent at weak coupling, while present at strong coupling. Furthermore, we find that the transition occurs always for the widely used bare bath initial state. Within a more realistic measurement scheme where only the qubit is projectively measured, the above scenario for the bare bath initial state remains qualitatively unchanged, apart from accelerated decay for intermediate measurement intervals.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
title: Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea after surgical resection of a vestibular schwannoma
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Santanu
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Head & neck imaging
subject: Ear / Nose / Throat
subject: Head and neck
subject: MR
subject: Cerebrospinal fluid
subject: Clinical Cases

description: Clinical History: A 47-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with recurrent meningitis, history of rhinorrhea on exertion. She had prior surgical resection of a right-sided vestibular schwannoma. She underwent a cisternogram a year before with some contrast leak in the mastoid surgical cavity.

description: 47 years, female
Deflection angle in the strong deflection limit in a general asymptotically flat, static, spherically symmetric spacetime
Creators: name: Tsukamoto, Naoki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational lensing by the light sphere of compact objects like black holes and wormholes will give us information on the compact objects. In this paper, we provide an improved strong deflection limit analysis in a general asymptotically flat, static, spherically symmetric spacetime. The strong deflection limit analysis also works in ultrastatic spacetimes. As an example of an ultrastatic spacetime, we reexamine the deflection angle in the strong deflection limit in an Ellis wormhole spacetime. Using the strong deflection limit, we obtain the deflection angle analytically for the Reissner-Nordstrom spacetime. The point of the improvement is the definition of a standard variable in the strong deflection limit analysis. We show that the choice of the variable is as important as the choice of the coordinates and we conclude that one should choose a proper variable for a given spacetime.
description: 20 pages, 1 figure, minor correction, accepted for publication in Physical Review D
title: Multiple midline cysts alongside corpus callosum dysplasia
Creators: name: Saliba, Thomas
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Neuroradiology
subject: CNS
subject: MR
subject: Clinical Cases

description: Clinical History: We present the case of a 15-month-old boy for whom an EEG and transfontanellar ultrasound was performed in the context of hypotonia, revealing an interhemispheric cyst. An MRI was requested to further evaluate the cyst. The patient was clinically well, having begun to babble and use simple words.

description: 15 months, male
The Diffeomorphism Group of the Solid Closed Torus and Hochschild Homology
Creators: name: Müller, Lukas
name: Woike, Lukas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove that for a self-injective ribbon Grothendieck-Verdier category $\mathcal{C}$ in the sense of Boyarchenko-Drinfeld the cyclic action on the Hochschild complex of $\mathcal{C}$ extends to an action of the diffeomorphism group of the solid closed torus $\mathbb{S}^1 \times \mathbb{D}^2$.
description: v1: 12 pages; v2: minor changes
Analysis and Measurement of the Transfer Matrix of a 9-cell 1.3-GHz Superconducting Cavity
Creators: name: Halavanau, A.
name: Eddy, N.
name: Edstrom, D.
name: Harms, E.
name: Lunin, A.
name: Piot, P.
name: Romanov, A.
name: Ruan, J.
name: Solyak, N.
name: Shiltsev, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superconducting linacs are capable of producing intense, stable, high-quality electron beams that have found widespread applications in science and industry. The 9-cell 1.3-GHz superconducting standing-wave accelerating RF cavity originally developed for $e^+/e^-$ linear-collider applications [B. Aunes, {\em et al.} Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams {\bf 3}, 092001 (2000)] has been broadly employed in various superconducting-linac designs. In this paper we discuss the transfer matrix of such a cavity and present its measurement performed at the Fermilab Accelerator Science and Technology (FAST) facility. The experimental results are found to be in agreement with analytical calculations and numerical simulations.
title: 'Not all back pain is created equal'
Creators: name: Moore, Christian
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal system
subject: Musculoskeletal bone
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Biopsy
subject: Clinical Cases

description: Clinical History: A 74-year-old female was referred from outpatient orthopaedic clinic for an MRI spine after presenting with groin, back and hip pain on mobilisation. Past medical history included osteoarthritis, right total hip replacement and previous hysterectomy.

description: 74 years, female
Formation of Intermediate-Mass Black Holes through Runaway Collisions in the First Star Clusters
Creators: name: Sakurai, Yuya
name: Yoshida, Naoki
name: Fujii, Michiko S.
name: Hirano, Shingo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the formation of massive black holes in the first star clusters. We first locate star-forming gas clouds in proto-galactic haloes of $\gtrsim \!10^7\,{\rm M}_{\odot}$ in cosmological hydrodynamics simulations and use them to generate the initial conditions for star clusters with masses of $\sim \!10^5\,{\rm M}_{\odot}$. We then perform a series of direct-tree hybrid $N$-body simulations to follow runaway stellar collisions in the dense star clusters. In all the cluster models except one, runaway collisions occur within a few million years, and the mass of the central, most massive star reaches $\sim \!400-1900\,{\rm M}_{\odot}$. Such very massive stars collapse to leave intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs). The diversity of the final masses may be attributed to the differences in a few basic properties of the host haloes such as mass, central gas velocity dispersion, and mean gas density of the central core. Finally, we derive the IMBH mass to cluster mass ratios, and compare them with the observed black hole to bulge mass ratios in the present-day Universe.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, accepted in MNRAS
Validation and Generalizability of Self-Supervised Image Reconstruction Methods for Undersampled MRI
Creators: name: Yu, Thomas
name: Hilbert, Tom
name: Piredda, Gian Franco
name: Joseph, Arun
name: Bonanno, Gabriele
name: Zenkhri, Salim
name: Omoumi, Patrick
name: Cuadra, Meritxell Bach
name: Canales-Rodríguez, Erick Jorge
name: Kober, Tobias
name: Thiran, Jean-Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Deep learning methods have become the state of the art for undersampled MR reconstruction. Particularly for cases where it is infeasible or impossible for ground truth, fully sampled data to be acquired, self-supervised machine learning methods for reconstruction are becoming increasingly used. However potential issues in the validation of such methods, as well as their generalizability, remain underexplored. In this paper, we investigate important aspects of the validation of self-supervised algorithms for reconstruction of undersampled MR images: quantitative evaluation of prospective reconstructions, potential differences between prospective and retrospective reconstructions, suitability of commonly used quantitative metrics, and generalizability. Two self-supervised algorithms based on self-supervised denoising and the deep image prior were investigated. These methods are compared to a least squares fitting and a compressed sensing reconstruction using in-vivo and phantom data. Their generalizability was tested with prospectively under-sampled data from experimental conditions different to the training. We show that prospective reconstructions can exhibit significant distortion relative to retrospective reconstructions/ground truth. Furthermore, pixel-wise quantitative metrics may not capture differences in perceptual quality accurately, in contrast to a perceptual metric. In addition, all methods showed potential for generalization; however, generalizability is more affected by changes in anatomy/contrast than other changes. We further showed that no-reference image metrics correspond well with human rating of image quality for studying generalizability. Finally, we showed that a well-tuned compressed sensing reconstruction and learned denoising perform similarly on all data.
description: Accepted for publication at the Journal of Machine Learning for Biomedical Imaging (MELBA) https://www.melba-journal.org/papers/2022:022.html
Gain and loss in open quantum systems
Creators: name: Eleuch, Hichem
name: Rotter, Ingrid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photosynthesis is the basic process used by plants to convert light energy in reaction centers into chemical energy. The high efficiency of this process is not yet understood today. Using the formalism for the description of open quantum systems by means of a non-Hermitian Hamilton operator, we consider initially the interplay of gain (acceptor) and loss (donor). Near singular points it causes fluctuations of the cross section which appear without any excitation of internal degrees of freedom of the system. This process occurs therefore very quickly and with high efficiency. We then consider the excitation of resonance states of the system by means of these fluctuations. This second step of the whole process takes place much slower than the first one, because it involves the excitation of internal degrees of freedom of the system. The two-step process as a whole is highly efficient and the decay is bi-exponential. We provide, if possible, the results of analytical studies, otherwise characteristic numerical results. The similarities of the obtained results to light harvesting in photosynthetic organisms are discussed.
description: Quality of figures is improved; a few improvements in the text. Paper is published in Phys. Rev. E
title: Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis of the skull in a toddler
Creators: name: vandendriessche, antoine
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal system
subject: Abdomen
subject: Anatomy
subject: Artificial Intelligence
subject: CNS
subject: Interventional non-vascular
subject: Interventional vascular
subject: Musculoskeletal bone
subject: Musculoskeletal joint
subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: Musculoskeletal spine
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Paediatric
subject: Clinical Cases

description: Clinical History: A 3-year-old female patient was referred to the department of radiology complaining of a painful cranial swelling on the right side. The swelling was first noticed following a fall on the head 1 month ago and did not regress over time. No neurological or other systemic symptoms were noted.

description: 3 years, female
Glipa guamensis Blair, 1942, new species
Creators: name: Blair, K. G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1942
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Mordellidae
Glipa
Glipa guamensis

description: 1. Glipa guamensis, new species. Black, with markings of white pubescence. Scutellum clothed with white pubescence. Elytra each with four transverse white bands, one near base broadly interrupted on shoulder, the second narrower, chevron-like, with point directed forward just before the middle, 3d similar, midway between this and apex, 4th crescentic, subapical, none of them encroaching upon sutural margin or epipleura, apex of each rounded, minutely denticulate. Anal style more than twice as long as hypopygium, with patch of white pubescence on each side near base. Underside and legs black with a patch of white pubescence on each side of first four segments of abdomen; posterior margin of these segments shining, glabrous; metasternum and posterior legs shining with thin black pubescence. Length of elytron 6 mm. Canada, April 8, Bryan, one fragmentary example. Allied to the common and widely distributed Glipa tricolor Wiedemann but differs in the form of the elytral markings and the more thinly pubescent and shining underside with but little white pubescence.
description: Published as part of Blair, K. G., 1942, Coleoptera Heteromera From Guam, pp. 56-60 in Insects of Guam I, Honolulu, Hawaii :Bernice P. Bishop Museum on pages 58-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5159673