cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Two-Field Integrable Evolutionary Systems of the Third Order and Their Differential Substitutions
Creators: name: Meshkov, Anatoly G.
name: Balakhnev, Maxim Ju.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A list of forty third-order exactly integrable two-field evolutionary systems is presented. Differential substitutions connecting various systems from the list are found. It is proved that all the systems can be obtained from only two of them. Examples of zero curvature representations with $4 \times 4$ matrices are presented.
description: Published in SIGMA (Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: Methods and Applications) at http://www.emis.de/journals/SIGMA/
Transverse Invariant Higher Spin Fields
Creators: name: Skvortsov, E. D.
name: Vasiliev, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that a symmetric massless bosonic higher-spin field can be described by a traceless tensor field with reduced (transverse) gauge invariance. The Hamiltonian analysis of the transverse gauge invariant higher-spin models is used to control a number of degrees of freedom.
description: 12 pages, no figures. The general proof and the example of a spin-3 added
Additional file 3 of Identification and validation of a regulatory mutation upstream of the BMP2 gene associated with carcass length in pigs
Creators: name: Li, Jing
name: Peng, Song
name: Zhong, Liepeng
name: Zhou, Lisheng
name: Yan, Guorong
name: Xiao, Shijun
name: Ma, Junwu
name: Huang, Lusheng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3. Table S2. Screening for mutations in the BMP2 gene in ten DLY pigs with different genotypes at the GWAS tag SNP rs80965549.
Spatial Temporal Transformer Network for Skeleton-based Action Recognition
Creators: name: Plizzari, Chiara
name: Cannici, Marco
name: Matteucci, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Skeleton-based human action recognition has achieved a great interest in recent years, as skeleton data has been demonstrated to be robust to illumination changes, body scales, dynamic camera views, and complex background. Nevertheless, an effective encoding of the latent information underlying the 3D skeleton is still an open problem. In this work, we propose a novel Spatial-Temporal Transformer network (ST-TR) which models dependencies between joints using the Transformer self-attention operator. In our ST-TR model, a Spatial Self-Attention module (SSA) is used to understand intra-frame interactions between different body parts, and a Temporal Self-Attention module (TSA) to model inter-frame correlations. The two are combined in a two-stream network which outperforms state-of-the-art models using the same input data on both NTU-RGB+D 60 and NTU-RGB+D 120.
description: Accepted as ICPRW2020 (FBE2020, Workshop on Facial and Body Expressions, micro-expressions and behavior recognition) 8 pages, 2 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2008.07404
The search for continuous gravitational waves: metric of the multi-detector F-statistic
Creators: name: Prix, Reinhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a general formalism for the parameter-space metric of the multi-detector F-statistic, which is a matched-filtering detection statistic for continuous gravitational waves. We find that there exists a whole family of F-statistic metrics, parametrized by the (unknown) amplitude parameters of the gravitational wave. The multi-detector metric is shown to be expressible in terms of noise-weighted averages of single-detector contributions, which implies that the number of templates required to cover the parameter space does not scale with the number of detectors. Contrary to using a longer observation time, combining detectors of similar sensitivity is therefore the computationally cheapest way to improve the sensitivity of coherent wide-parameter searches for continuous gravitational waves. We explicitly compute the F-statistic metric family for signals from isolated spinning neutron stars, and we numerically evaluate the quality of different metric approximations in a Monte-Carlo study. The metric predictions are tested against the measured mismatches and we identify regimes in which the local metric is no longer a good description of the parameter-space structure.
description: 20 pages, 15 figures, revtex4; v2: some edits of style and notation, fixed minor typos
Additional file 4 of Identification and validation of a regulatory mutation upstream of the BMP2 gene associated with carcass length in pigs
Creators: name: Li, Jing
name: Peng, Song
name: Zhong, Liepeng
name: Zhou, Lisheng
name: Yan, Guorong
name: Xiao, Shijun
name: Ma, Junwu
name: Huang, Lusheng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 4. Table S3. Mutations identified by sequencing the BMP2 cDNA from ten DLY pigs with AA or GA genotypes at the GWAS tag SNP rs80965549.
Low and intermediate energy electron collisions with the C$_2^-$ molecular anion
Creators: name: Halmova, Gabriela
name: Gorfinkiel, J. D.
name: Tennyson, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Calculations are presented which use the molecular R-matrix with pseudo-states (MRMPS) method to treat electron impact electron detachment and electronic excitation of the carbon dimer anion. Resonances are found above the ionisation threshold of C$_2^-$ with $^1Σ^+_g$, $^1Π_g$ and $^3Π_g$ symmetry. These are shape resonances trapped by the effect of an attractive polarisation potential competing with a repulsive Coulomb interaction. The $Π_g$ resonances are found to give structure in the detachment cross section similar to that observed experimentally. Both excitation and detachment cross sections are found to be dominated by large impact parameter collisions whose contribution is modelled using the Born approximation.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures constructed from 8 files
Preexposure sensitizes rats to the rewarding properties of amphetamine as measured by a progressive ratio paradigm
Creators: name: Mendrek, Adrianna
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Two groups of male Long-Evans rats were compared to determine whether preexposure to amphetamine would enhance the motivation to self-administer the drug under a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement. In the first phase of the experiment each animal received a single injection of either amphetamine or saline on alternate days for a total of ten injections. Following a 21 day withdrawal period, behavioral sensitization was confirmed by a significant increase in amphetamine-induced stereotypy in the amphetamine-pretreated group, relative to the saline-pretreated group. In the second phase of the study all rats were implanted with chronic jugular catheters and trained to'self-administer amphetamine under a fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement. The progressive ratio paradigm was then imposed for seven days; amphetamine-pretreated rats attained significantly higher breaking points than saline-pretreated animals. These data indicate that preexposure to psychoactive agents may enhance the motivation of drug self-administration, suggesting augmentation in drug addiction liability.
ТИПИЧНЫЕ БИОГЕОХИМИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА ЛАНДШАФТОВ В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ УСЛОВИЙ РЕЛЬЕФА.
Creators: name: Мустафабейли Гусейн Лутвали Оглы
Publisher: name: Endless light in science
Year: 2024
Subjects: рельеф
горно-долинные ландшафты
биогеоморфоценозы
биогеохимические свойства
биоразнообразие.

description: В статье изучены различные типы ландшафта, биогеоценозы, горные породы (илы), почвы, биогеохимические свойства видов растений и средообразующая роль местного рельефа Шеки-Закатальского района южного склона Большого Кавказа. Биогеоморфоценозы представляют собой особые участки биогеоценоза с полузамкнуто-долинными условиями рельефа и представляют собой природные комплексы с различными микроклиматическими условиями, характеризующимися отсутствием сильных ветров и засух, обилием поверхностных и подземных вод по сравнению с соседними участками, большим накоплением биомассы, разнообразие видов растений и превосходные рекреационные качества. Эти комплексы характеризуются своеобразным геологическим строением, стратиграфо-литологическим составом, климатом, почвенно-растительный покровом, а также ландшафтно-геохимической специализации на южном склоне Большого Кавказа. В них наблюдаются фитоценозы, богатые биофильными химическими элементами – К, Са, Си, Zn и Со. Создание подходящих эколого-географических условий для создания и сохранения биоразнообразия в полузамкнутых горно-долинных ландшафтных зонах позволяет рассматривать биогеоморфоценовые природные структуры горно-лесного ландшафтного пояса как резервуары биоразнообразия.
Social percolation revisited: From 2d lattices to adaptive networks
Creators: name: Schweitzer, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The social percolation model \citep{solomon-et-00} considers a 2-dimensional regular lattice. Each site is occupied by an agent with a preference $x_{i}$ sampled from a uniform distribution $U[0,1]$. Agents transfer the information about the quality $q$ of a movie to their neighbors only if $x_{i}\leq q$. Information percolates through the lattice if $q=q_{c}=0.593$. -- From a network perspective the percolating cluster can be seen as a random-regular network with $n_{c}$ nodes and a mean degree that depends on $q_{c}$. Preserving these quantities of the random-regular network, a true random network can be generated from the $G(n,p)$ model after determining the link probability $p$. I then demonstrate how this random network can be transformed into a threshold network, where agents create links dependent on their $x_{i}$ values. Assuming a dynamics of the $x_{i}$ and a mechanism of group formation, I further extend the model toward an adaptive social network model.
Aktive Immuntherapie bei gastrointestinalen Tumoren
Creators: name: Maletzki, Claudia
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences Medicine

description: In der Habilitationsschrift wurden immuntherapeutische Konzepte bei gastrointestinalen Tumoren experimentell umgesetzt (Pankreaskarzinom, kolorektales Karzinom). Zunächst wurde die Effizienz der aktiv-unspezifischen Immuntherapie nach Applikation von mikrobiellen Mixen im ektopen Modell dargestellt. In einem spontanen Tumorgenesemodell konnte schließlich die immunologisch-vermittelte Wirksamkeit einer prophylaktischen und therapeutischen Vakzine erstmals präklinisch nachgewiesen werden. Beide gewählten Ansätze sind vielversprechend und sollten weiter präklinisch optimiert werden.
ChatGPT and generative AI in urology and surgery—A narrative review
Creators: name: Qin, S
name: Chislett, B
name: Ischia, J
name: Ranasinghe, Weranja
name: De Silva, Daswin
name: Coles-Black, J
name: Woon, D
name: Bolton, D
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 32
subject: Biomedical and clinical sciences
classificationCode: 3202
subject: Clinical sciences
classificationCode: 4602
subject: Artificial intelligence
classificationCode: 320214
subject: Nephrology and urology

description: Introduction: ChatGPT (generative pre-trained transformer [GPT]), developed by OpenAI, is a type of generative artificial intelligence (AI) that has been widely utilised since its public release. It orchestrates an advanced conversational intelligence, producing sophisticated responses to questions. ChatGPT has been successfully demonstrated across several applications in healthcare, including patient management, academic research and clinical trials. We aim to evaluate the different ways ChatGPT has been utilised in urology and more broadly in surgery. Methods: We conducted a literature search of the PubMed and Embase electronic databases for the purpose of writing a narrative review and identified relevant articles on ChatGPT in surgery from the years 2000 to 2023. A PRISMA flow chart was created to highlight the article selection process. The search terms ‘ChatGPT’ and ‘surgery’ were intentionally kept broad given the nascency of the field. Studies unrelated to these terms were excluded. Duplicates were removed. Results: Multiple papers have been published about novel uses of ChatGPT in surgery, ranging from assisting in administrative tasks including answering frequently asked questions, surgical consent, writing operation reports, discharge summaries, grants, journal article drafts, reviewing journal articles and medical education. AI and machine learning has also been extensively researched in surgery with respect to patient diagnosis and predicting outcomes. There are also several limitations with the software including artificial hallucination, bias, out-of-date information and patient confidentiality. Conclusion: The potential of ChatGPT and related generative AI models are vast, heralding the beginning of a new era where AI may eventually become integrated seamlessly into surgical practice. Concerns with this new technology must not be disregarded in the urge to hasten progression, and potential risks impacting patients' interests must be considered. Appropriate regulation and governance of this technology will be key to optimising the benefits and addressing the intricate challenges of healthcare delivery and equity.
Vibrational Frequencies of Cerium Oxide-Bound CO: A Challenge for Conventional DFT Methods
Creators: name: Lustemberg, Pablo G.
name: Pleßow, Philipp
name: Wang, Yuemin
name: Yang, Chengwu
name: Nefedov, Alexei
name: Studt, Felix
name: Wöll, Christof
name: Ganduglia-Pirovano, M. Verónica
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In ceria-based catalysis, the shape of the catalyst particle, which determines the exposed crystal facets, profoundly affects its reactivity. The vibrational frequency of adsorbed carbon monoxide (CO) can be used as a sensitive probe to identify the exposed surface facets, provided reference data on well-defined single crystal surfaces together with a definitive theoretical assignment exist. We investigate the adsorption of CO on the CeO2(110 and (111) surfaces and show that the commonly applied DFT(PBE)+U method does not provide reliable CO vibrational frequencies by comparing with state-of-the-art infrared spectroscopy experiments for monocrystalline CeO2 surfaces. Good agreement requires the hybrid DFT approach with the HSE06 functional. The failure of conventional DFT is explained in terms of its inability to accurately describe the facet- and configuration-specific donation and backdonation effects that control the changes in the C-O bond length upon CO adsorption and the CO force constant. Our findings thus provide a theoretical basis for the detailed interpretation of experiments and open up the path to characterize more complex scenarios, including oxygen vacancies and metal adatoms.
A search for the OH 6035 MHz line in high-mass star-forming regions
Creators: name: Szymczak, M.
name: Wolak, P.
name: Bartkiewicz, A.
name: Aramowicz, M.
name: Durjasz, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The excited states of OH masers detected in the environment of high-mass young stellar objects (HMYSOs) are important for improving our understanding of the physical conditions of these objects and also provide information about their magnetic fields. We aim to search for excited-state OH 6035 MHz maser emission in HMYSOs which might have escaped detection in previous surveys or were never searched for. A sample of HMYSOs derived from untargeted surveys of the 6668 MHz methanol maser line was observed at 6035 MHz OH transition with the Torun 32 m radio telescope. The 6035 MHz detections were observed in the OH 6031 MHz line. Two-thirds of the detections were observed at least three times over a two-year period. Out of 445 targets, 37 were detected at 6035 MHz, including seven new discoveries. The 6031 MHz line was detected towards ten 6035 MHz sources, one of which was not previously reported. All the newly detected sources are faint with the peak flux density lower than 4 Jy and show significant or high variability on timescales of 4 to 20 months. Zeeman pair candidates identified in three new sources imply a magnetic field intensity of 2 to 11 mG. Comparison of our spectra with those obtained $\sim$10 yr ago indicates different degrees of variability but there is a general increase in the variability index on an $\sim$25 yr timescale, usually accompanied by significant changes in the profile shape.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Study on Cosmic Ray Background Rejection with a 30 m Stand-Alone IACT using Non-parametric Multivariate Methods in a sub-100 GeV Energy Range
Creators: name: Konopelko, A.
name: Chilingarian, A.
name: Reimers, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: During the last decade ground-based very high-energy gamma-ray astronomy achieved a remarkable advancement in the development of the observational technique for the registration and study of gamma-ray emission above 100 GeV. It is widely believed that the next step in its future development will be the construction of telescopes of substantially larger size than the currently used 10 m class telescopes. This can drastically improve the sensitivity of the ground-based detectors for gamma rays of energy from 10 to 100 GeV. Based on Monte Carlo simulations of the response of a single stand-alone 30 m imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope (IACT) the maximal rejection power against background cosmic ray showers for low energy gamma-rays was investigated in great detail. An advanced Bayesian multivariate analysis has been applied to the simulated Cherenkov light images of the gamma-ray- and proton-induced air showers. The results obtained here quantitatively testify that the separation between the signal and background images degrades substantially at low energies, and consequently the maximum overall quality factor can only be about 3.1 for gamma rays in the 10-30 GeV energy range. Various selection criteria as well as optimal combinations of the standard image parameters utilized for effective image separation have been also evaluated.
description: Accepted for publication in the Journal of Physics G
Efficient Bayesian inference for multimodal problems in cosmology
Creators: name: Shaw, J. R.
name: Bridges, M.
name: Hobson, M. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bayesian model selection provides the cosmologist with an exacting tool to distinguish between competing models based purely on the data, via the Bayesian evidence. Previous methods to calculate this quantity either lacked general applicability or were computationally demanding. However, nested sampling (Skilling 2004), which was recently applied successfully to cosmology by Muhkerjee et al. 2006, overcomes both of these impediments. Their implementation restricts the parameter space sampled, and thus improves the efficiency, using a decreasing ellipsoidal bound in the n-dimensional parameter space centred on the maximum likelihood point. However, if the likelihood function contains any multi-modality, then the ellipse is prevented from constraining the sampling region efficiently. In this paper we introduce a method of clustered ellipsoidal nested sampling which can form multiple ellipses around each individual peak in the likelihood. In addition we have implemented a method for determining the expectation and variance of the final evidence value without the need to use sampling error from repetitions of the algorithm ; this further reduces the computational load by at least an order of magnitude. We have applied our algorithm to a pair of toy models and one cosmological example where we demonstrate that the number of likelihood evaluations required is ~ 4% of that necessary for using previous algorithms. We have produced a fortran library containing our routines which can be called from any sampling code, in addition for convenience we have incorporated it into the popular CosmoMC code as CosmoClust. Both are available for download at http://www.mrao.cam.ac.uk/software/cosmoclust .
description: 7 pages, 8 figures, changed to match version accepted by MNRAS
Upsilon cross section in p+p collisions at STAR
Creators: name: Djawotho, Pibero
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The main focus of the heavy flavor program at RHIC is to investigate the properties of the dense matter produced in heavy-ion collisions by studying its effect on open heavy flavor and quarkonia production. This in turn requires a detailed understanding of their production in elementary p+p collisions so that the dense matter effects can be later unfolded. In this paper, we present the first mid-rapidity cross section measurement of bottomonium at $\sqrt{s}=200$ GeV with the STAR experiment. We compare our results with perturbative QCD calculations. A brief status on the study of charmonium in STAR is given.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures. To appear in the proceedings of Quark Matter 2006 as a special issue of Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics
Kurzzeitverhalten von leistungselektronisch angekoppelten Verbrauchern mit frequenzabhängiger netzdienlicher Regelung
Creators: name: Rump, Thomas
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 621.3 Electrical Engineering, Electronics

description: Elektrische Verbraucher tragen zum stabilen Betrieb von elektrischen Energieversorgungsnetzen bei. Dies gilt jedoch nicht für umrichterbasierte Lasten. In dieser Arbeit wird untersucht, wie sich leistungselektronisch angekoppelte Lasten mit einer netzfrequenzabhängigen netzdienlichen Zusatzregelung im Kurzzeitbereich von Sekundenbruchteilen bis wenige Minuten verhalten. Die Auswirkungen sowohl auf das Netz als auch den einzelnen Verbraucher werden betrachtet. Als exemplarische Lasttypen dienen das Batterieladegerät eines Elektroautos und die Umwälzpumpe eines Gebäudeheizungssystems.
Ca II H and K Chromospheric Emission Lines in Late K and M Dwarfs
Creators: name: Rauscher, Emily
name: Marcy, Geoffrey W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have measured the profiles of the Ca II H and K chromospheric emission lines in 147 main sequence stars of spectral type M5-K7 (0.30-0.55 solar masses) using multiple high resolution spectra obtained during six years with the HIRES spectrometer on the Keck 1 telescope. Remarkably, the average FWHM, equivalent widths, and line luminosities of Ca II H and K increase by a factor of 3 with increasing stellar mass over this small range of stellar masses. We fit the H and K lines with a double Gaussian model to represent both the chromospheric emission and the non-LTE central absorption. Most of the sample stars display a central absorption that is typically redshifted by ~0.1 km/s relative to the emission, but the nature of this velocity gradient remains unknown. The FWHM of the H and K lines increase with stellar luminosity, reminiscent of the Wilson-Bappu effect in FGK-type stars. Both the equivalent widths and FWHM exhibit modest temporal variability in individual stars. At a given value of M_v, stars exhibit a spread in both the equivalent width and FWHM of Ca II H and K, due both to a spread in fundamental stellar parameters including rotation rate, age, and possibly metallicity, and to the spread in stellar mass at a given M_v. The K line is consistently wider than the H line, as expected, and its central absorption is more redshifted, indicating that the H and K lines form at slightly different heights in the chromosphere where the velocities are slightly different. The equivalent width of H-alpha correlates with Ca II H and K only for stars having Ca II equivalent widths above ~2 angstroms, suggesting the existence of a magnetic threshold above which the lower and upper chromospheres become thermally coupled.
description: 40 pages including 12 figures and 17 pages of tables, accepted for publication in PASP
Constraining Type Ia Supernova Delay Time with Spatially Resolved Star Formation Histories
Creators: name: Chen, Xingzhuo
name: Hu, Lei
name: Wang, Lifan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the delay time distribution (DTD) estimates of Type Ia supernovae (SNe~Ia) using spatially resolved SN~Ia host galaxy spectra from MUSE and MaNGA. By employing a grouping algorithm based on k-means and earth mover's distances (EMD), we separated the host galaxy star formation histories (SFHs) into spatially distinct regions and used maximum likelihood method to constrain the DTD of SNe Ia progenitors. When a power-law model of the form $DTD(t)\propto t^{s} (t>τ)$ is used, we found an SN rate decay slope $s=-1.41^{+0.32}_{-0.33}$ and a delay time $τ=120^{+142}_{-83} Myr$ . Moreover, we tested other DTD models such as a broken power law model and a two-component power law model, and found no statistically significant support to these alternative models.
description: 18 pages, 12 figures. Gesa
Additional file 9 of Identification and validation of a regulatory mutation upstream of the BMP2 gene associated with carcass length in pigs
Creators: name: Li, Jing
name: Peng, Song
name: Zhong, Liepeng
name: Zhou, Lisheng
name: Yan, Guorong
name: Xiao, Shijun
name: Ma, Junwu
name: Huang, Lusheng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 9. Table S5. The associations between some candidate casual mutations and carcass length in all three DLY populations (N=1501).
From Feshbach-Resonance Managed Bose-Einstein Condensates to Anisotropic Universes: Some Applications of the Ermakov-Pinney equation with Time-Dependent Nonlinearity
Creators: name: Herring, G.
name: Kevrekidis, P. G.
name: Williams, F.
name: Christodoulakis, T.
name: Frantzeskakis, D. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we revisit the topic of two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates under the influence of time-dependent magnetic confinement and time-dependent scattering length. A moment approach reduces the examination of moments of the wavefunction (in particular, of its width) to an Ermakov-Pinney (EP) ordinary differential equation (ODE). We use the well-known structure of the solutions of this nonlinear ODE to ``engineer'' trapping and interatomic interaction conditions that lead to condensates dispersing, breathing or even collapsing. The advantage of the approach is that it is fully tractable analytically, in excellent agreement with our numerical observations. As an aside, we also discuss how similar time-dependent EP equations may arise in the description of anisotropic scalar field cosmologies.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
The correspondence between a plane curve and its complement
Creators: name: Blanc, Jérémy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14R05, 14E05, 14E25

description: Given two irreducible curves of the plane which have isomorphic complements, it is natural to ask whether there exists an automorphism of the plane that sends one curve on the other. This question has a positive answer for a large family of curves and H.Yoshihara conjectured that it is true in general. We exhibit counterexamples to this conjecture, over any ground field. In some of the cases, the curves are isomorphic and in others not; this provides counterexamples of two different kinds. Finally, we use our construction to find the existence of surprising non-linear automorphisms of affine surfaces.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
Interface and bulk superconductivity in superconducting heterostructures with enhanced critical temperatures
Creators: name: Mazza, Giacomo
name: Amaricci, Adriano
name: Capone, Massimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider heterostructures obtained by stacking layers of two s-wave superconductors with significantly different coupling strengths, respectively in the weak- and strong-coupling regimes. The weak- and strong-coupling superconductors are chosen with similar critical temperatures for bulk systems. Using dynamical mean-field theory methods, we find an ubiquitous enhancement of the superconducting critical temperature for all the heterostructures where a single layer of one of the two superconductors is alternated with a thicker multilayer of the other. Two distinct physical regimes can be identified as a function of the thickness of the larger layer: (i) an inherently inhomogeneous superconductor characterized by the properties of the two isolated bulk superconductors where the enhancement of the critical temperature is confined to the interface and (ii) a bulk superconductor with an enhanced critical temperature extending to the whole heterostructure. We characterize the crossover between these regimes in terms of the competition between two length scales connected with the proximity effect and the pair coherence.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Two-Stage Formation Model and Helicity of Gold Nanowires
Creators: name: Iguchi, Yusuke
name: Hoshi, Takeo
name: Fujiwara, Takeo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A model for formation of helical multishell gold nanowires is proposed and is confirmed with the quantum mechanical molecular dynamics simulations. The model can explain the magic number of the helical gold nanowires in the multishell structure. The reconstruction from ideal non-helical to realistic helical nanowires consists of two stages: dissociations of atoms on the outermost shell from atoms on the inner shell and slip deformations of atom rows generating (111)-like structure on the outermost shell. The elementary processes are governed by competition between energy loss and gain by s- and d-electrons together with the width of the d-band. The possibility for the helical nanowires of platinum, silver and copper is discussed.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures. To appear in Phys. Rev. Lett. A PDF file in better graphics is available at http://fujimac.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/lses/index_e.html
Noncontact atomic force microscopy simulator with phase-locked-loop controlled frequency detection and excitation
Creators: name: Nony, Laurent
name: Baratoff, Alexis Prof.
name: Schaer, Dominique
name: Pfeiffer, Oliver
name: Wezel, Adrian
name: Meyer, Ernst
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simulation of an atomic force microscope operating in the constant amplitude dynamic mode is described. The implementation mimics the electronics of a real setup including a digital phase-locked loop (PLL). The PLL is not only used as a very sensitive frequency detector, but also to generate the time-dependent phase shifted signal driving the cantilever. The optimum adjustments of individual functional blocks and their joint performance in typical experiments are determined in detail. Prior to testing the complete setup, the performances of the numerical PLL and of the amplitude controller were ascertained to be satisfactory compared to those of the real components. Attention is also focused on the issue of apparent dissipation, that is, of spurious variations in the driving amplitude caused by the nonlinear interaction occurring between the tip and the surface and by the finite response times of the various controllers. To do so, an estimate of the minimum dissipated energy that is detectable by the instrument upon operating conditions is given. This allows us to discuss the relevance of apparent dissipation that can be conditionally generated with the simulator in comparison to values reported experimentally. The analysis emphasizes that apparent dissipation can contribute to the measured dissipation up to 15% of the intrinsic dissipated energy of the cantilever interacting with the surface, but can be made negligible when properly adjusting the controllers, the PLL gains and the scan speed. It is inferred that the experimental values of dissipation usually reported in the literature cannot only originate in apparent dissipation, which favors the hypothesis of "physical" channels of dissipation.
Additional file 10 of A novel strategy to uncover specific GO terms/phosphorylation pathways in phosphoproteomic data in Arabidopsis thaliana
Creators: name: Arico, Denise S.
name: Beati, Paula
name: Wengier, Diego L.
name: Mazzella, Maria Agustina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 10 : Data Sources. Contains all the bioinformatics data sources used in this study.
Turning Transport Data to Comply with EU Standards while Enabling a Multimodal Transport Knowledge Graph
Creators: name: Scrocca, Mario
name: Comerio, Marco
name: Carenini, Alessio
name: Celino, Irene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Complying with the EU Regulation on multimodal transportation services requires sharing data on the National Access Points in one of the standards (e.g., NeTEx and SIRI) indicated by the European Commission. These standards are complex and of limited practical adoption. This means that datasets are natively expressed in other formats and require a data translation process for full compliance. This paper describes the solution to turn the authoritative data of three different transport stakeholders from Italy and Spain into a format compliant with EU standards by means of Semantic Web technologies. Our solution addresses the challenge and also contributes to build a multi-modal transport Knowledge Graph of interlinked and interoperable information that enables intelligent querying and exploration, as well as facilitates the design of added-value services.
description: International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2020) - In Use Track
Polarization dependence of x-ray absorption spectra in Na_xCoO_2
Creators: name: Kroll, T.
name: Aligia, A. A.
name: Sawatzky, G. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to shed light on the electronic structure of Na_xCoO_2, and motivated by recent Co L-edge X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) experiments with polarized light, we calculate the electronic spectrum of a CoO_6 cluster including all interactions between 3d orbitals. We obtain the ground state for two electronic occupations in the cluster that correspond nominally to all O in the O^{-2} oxidation state, and Co^{+3} or Co^{+4}. Then, all excited states obtained by promotion of a Co 2p electron to a 3d electron, and the corresponding matrix elements are calculated. A fit of the observed experimental spectra is good and points out a large Co-O covalency and cubic crystal field effects, that result in low spin Co 3d configurations. Our results indicate that the effective hopping between different Co atoms plays a major role in determining the symmetry of the ground state in the lattice. Remaining quantitative discrepancies with the XAS experiments are expected to come from composition effects of itineracy in the ground and excited states.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Evidence of a Clear Atmosphere for WASP-62b: the Only Known Transiting Gas Giant in the JWST Continuous Viewing Zone
Creators: name: Alam, Munazza K.
name: Lopez-Morales, Mercedes
name: MacDonald, Ryan J.
name: Nikolov, Nikolay
name: Kirk, James
name: Goyal, Jayesh M.
name: Sing, David K.
name: Wakeford, Hannah R.
name: Rathcke, Alexander D.
name: Deming, Drake L.
name: Sanz-Forcada, Jorge
name: Lewis, Nikole K.
name: Barstow, Joanna K.
name: Mikal-Evans, Thomas
name: Buchhave, Lars A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exoplanets with cloud-free, haze-free atmospheres at the pressures probed by transmission spectroscopy represent a valuable opportunity for detailed atmospheric characterization and precise chemical abundance constraints. We present the first optical to infrared (0.3-5 microns) transmission spectrum of the hot Jupiter WASP-62b, measured with Hubble/STIS and Spitzer/IRAC. The spectrum is characterized by a 5.1-sigma detection of Na I absorption at 0.59 microns, in which the pressure-broadened wings of the Na D-lines are observed from space for the first time. A spectral feature at 0.4 microns is tentatively attributed to SiH at 2.1-sigma confidence. Our retrieval analyses are consistent with a cloud-free atmosphere without significant contamination from stellar heterogeneities. We simulate James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) observations, for a combination of instrument modes, to assess the atmospheric characterization potential of WASP-62b. We demonstrate that JWST can conclusively detect Na, H2O, FeH, and SiH within the scope of its Early Release Science (ERS) program. As the only transiting giant planet currently known in the JWST Continuous Viewing Zone, WASP-62b could prove a benchmark giant exoplanet for detailed atmospheric characterization in the James Webb era.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in ApJL
Generation of attosecond electron bunches and X-ray pulses from few-cycle femtosecond laser pulses
Creators: name: Ferri, Julien
name: Horný, Vojtech
name: Fülöp, Tünde
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Laser-plasma electron accelerators can be used to produce high-intensity X-rays, as electrons accelerated in wakefields emit radiation due to betatron oscillations.Such X-ray sources inherit the features of the electron beam; sub-femtosecond electron bunches produce betatron sources of the same duration, which in turn allow probing matter on ultrashort time scales. In this paper we show, via Particle-in-Cell simulations, that attosecond electron bunches can be obtained using low-energy, ultra-short laser beams both in the self-injection and the controlled injection regimes at low plasma densities. However, only in the controlled regime does the electron injection lead to a stable, isolated attosecond electron bunch. Such ultrashort electron bunches are shown to emit attosecond X-ray bursts with high brilliance
description: 12 pages, 5 figures
Dynamic first-order phase transition in kinetically constrained models of glasses
Creators: name: Garrahan, J. P.
name: Jack, R. L.
name: Lecomte, V.
name: Pitard, E.
name: van Duijvendijk, K.
name: van Wijland, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the dynamics of kinetically constrained models of glass formers takes place at a first-order coexistence line between active and inactive dynamical phases. We prove this by computing the large-deviation functions of suitable space-time observables, such as the number of configuration changes in a trajectory. We present analytic results for dynamic facilitated models in a mean-field approximation, and numerical results for the Fredrickson-Andersen model, the East model, and constrained lattice gases, in various dimensions. This dynamical first-order transition is generic in kinetically constrained models, and we expect it to be present in systems with fully jammed states.
description: 4.1 pages, 3 figures
The Sun at millimeter wavelengths -- II. Small-scale dynamic events in ALMA Band 3
Creators: name: Eklund, Henrik
name: Wedemeyer, Sven
name: Szydlarski, Mikolaj
name: Jafarzadeh, Shahin
name: Gómez, Juan Camilo Guevara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solar observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array (ALMA) facilitate studying the atmosphere of the Sun at chromospheric heights at high spatial and temporal resolution at millimeter wavelengths. ALMA intensity data at mm-wavelengths are used for a first detailed systematic assessment of the occurrence and properties of small-scale dynamical features in the quiet Sun. ALMA Band 3 data (~ $3$ mm / $100$ GHz) with spatial resolution ~ $1.4$ - $2.1$ arcsec and a duration of ~ $40$ min are analysed together with SDO/HMI magnetograms. The temporal evolution of the mm-maps is studied to detect pronounced dynamical features which are connected to dynamical events via a k-means clustering algorithm. The physical properties of the resulting events are studied and it is explored if they show properties consistent with propagating shock waves. For this purpose, observable shock wave signatures at mm wavelengths are calculated from one- and three-dimensional model atmospheres. There are 552 dynamical events detected with an excess in brightness temperature ($ΔT_\text{b}$) of at least $\geq 400$ K. The events show a large variety in size up to ~ $9$ arcsec, amplitude $ΔT_\text{b}$ up to ~ $1200$ K with typical values between ~ $450$ - $750$ K and lifetime at FWHM of $ΔT_\text{b}$ between ~ $43$ - $360$ s, with typical values between ~ $55$ - $125$ s. Furthermore, many of the events show signature properties that suggest that they are likely produced by propagating shock waves. There are a lot of small-scale dynamic structures detected in the Band 3 data, even though the spatial resolution sets limitations of the size of events that can be detected. The amount of dynamic signatures in the ALMA mm data is very low in areas with photospheric footpoints with stronger magnetic fields, which is consistent with the expectation for propagating shock waves.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics, 17 pages, 15 figures
Deep intrinsic decomposition trained on surreal scenes yet with realistic light effects
Creators: name: Sial, Hassan
name: Baldrich, Ramon
name: Vanrell, Maria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Estimation of intrinsic images still remains a challenging task due to weaknesses of ground-truth datasets, which either are too small or present non-realistic issues. On the other hand, end-to-end deep learning architectures start to achieve interesting results that we believe could be improved if important physical hints were not ignored. In this work, we present a twofold framework: (a) a flexible generation of images overcoming some classical dataset problems such as larger size jointly with coherent lighting appearance; and (b) a flexible architecture tying physical properties through intrinsic losses. Our proposal is versatile, presents low computation time, and achieves state-of-the-art results.
Untersuchungen langsamer dynamischer Prozesse in unterkühlten ionischen Flüssigkeiten mittels dielektrischer Spektroskopie
Creators: name: Arndt, Kira
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 530 Physics
subject: 540 Chemistry & allied sciences

description: In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden langsame dynamische Prozesse in imidazoliumbasierten ionischen Flüssigkeit mittels dielektrischer Spektroskopie bei tiefer Temperatur untersucht. Im Bereich des Glasübergangs wurden mehrere Relaxationsprozesse nachgewiesen und deren Temperaturabhängigkeit charakterisiert. Neben dem Einfluss der Länge von n-Alkylsubstituenten am Imidazolium-Kation wurde der Einfluss der Größe des Anions sowie intermolekularer Wechselwirkungen durch partielle Deuterierung des Imidazolium-Kations systematisch untersucht.
On ergodic properties of convolution operators associated with compact quantum groups
Creators: name: Franz, Uwe
name: Skalski, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46L51 (Primary), 47A35, 81R50 (Secondary)

description: Recent results of M.Junge and Q.Xu on the ergodic properties of the averages of kernels in noncommutative L^p-spaces are applied to the analysis of the almost uniform convergence of operators induced by the convolutions on compact quantum groups.
description: 10 pages, to appear in Colloquium Mathematicum. (v2 corrects the unwieldy text format)
X-ray/UV/Optical follow-up of the blazar PKS 2155-304 after the giant TeV flares of July 2006
Creators: name: Foschini, L.
name: Ghisellini, G.
name: Tavecchio, F.
name: Treves, A.
name: Maraschi, L.
name: Gliozzi, M.
name: Raiteri, C. M.
name: Villata, M.
name: Pian, E.
name: Tagliaferri, G.
name: Tosti, G.
name: Sambruna, R. M.
name: Malaguti, G.
name: Di Cocco, G.
name: Giommi, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present all the publicly available data, from optical/UV wavelengths (UVOT) to X-rays (XRT, BAT), obtained from Swift observations of the blazar PKS 2155-304, performed in response to the rapid alert sent out after the strong TeV activity (up to 17 Crab flux level at E > 200 GeV) at the end of July 2006. The X-ray flux increased by a factor of 5 in the 0.3-10 keV energy band and by a factor of 1.5 at optical/UV wavelengths, with roughly one day of delay. The comparison of the spectral energy distribution built with data quasi-simultaneous to the TeV detections shows an increase of the overall normalization with respect to archival data, but only a small shift of the frequency of the synchrotron peak that remains consistent with the values reported in past observations when the TeV activity was much weaker.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures. ApJ Letters, accepted for publication
R-hadron at ATLAS -Discovery Prospects and Properties
Creators: name: Johansen, Marianne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: R-hadrons are massive, meta-stable particles predicted in several Super- symmetry scenarios. Studies exploring the discovery potential of R-hadrons at the ATLAS detector have mainly focused on gluino R-hadrons. These studies have shown that gluino R-hadrons should be discovered in early running of the LHC, that they are easily isolated by simple cuts and that their mass can be measured to an accuracy of a few percent.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, Physics at LHC Conference 2006