Adeonellopsis subsulcata Smitt 1873
Creators: name: Almeida, Ana C. S.
name: Souza, Facelucia B. C.
name: Sanner, Joann
name: Vieira, Leandro M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Bryozoa
Gymnolaemata
Cheilostomatida
Adeonidae
Adeonellopsis
Adeonellopsis subsulcata

description: Adeonellopsis subsulcata (Smitt, 1873)
(Figs 2–5; Table 1)
Porina subsulcata Smitt, 1873: 28, pl. 6, figs 136–140. [Florida]
Adeonella distoma var. imperforata Busk, 1884: 188, pl. 20, fig. 4. [Brazil]
Bracebridgia subsulcata: Osburn 1914: 199. [Tortugas Islands; Florida]
Bracebridgia subsulcata: Maturo 1968: 277. [New England, United States]
Bracebridgia subsulcata: Canu & Bassler 1928b: 127, pl. 23, figs 1–3, text-fig. 25. [Gulf of Mexico] Bracebridgia subsulcata: Osburn 1940: 446. [Puerto Rico]
Bracebridgia subsulcata: Cook 1973: 253, pl. 2, figs 4–6. [Florida; Brazil]
Bracebridgia subsulcata: Lidgard 1996: 173, figs 5a–d. [No locality]
Bracebridgia subsulcata: Winston 2005: 44, figs 113–120. [W. of Tortugas; Gulf of Mexico] Adeonellopsis subsulcata: Cheetham et al. 2007: 79, fig. 36. [Recent, Florida; Panama; Puerto Rico] Adeonellopsis subsulcata: Vieira et al. 2008: 24. [Brazil; checklist]
Adeonellopsis subsulcata: Sosa-Yañez et al. 2014: 30, figs 2–3. [Cuba]
Adeonellopsis subsulcata: Almeida et al. 2015: 4. [Brazil: Bahia; checklist]
Material examined. UFBA 271, UFBA 1000, Camaçari, Bahia, Brazil, 11°21’– 12°37’ S, 37°17’– 38°47’ W, 23– 28 m, coll. 2000–2002; UFBA 907, UFBA 910, Todos os Santos Bay, Bahia, Brazil, coll. 1976 by A. Bittencourt; UFBA 911, Espírito Santo, Brazil, coll. by V. Testa; UFBA 912, Jauá, Bahia, Brazil, 12º51' S, 38º11' W, 33 m; UFBA 914, Camamu, Barra Grande, Bahia, Brazil, 13º36' S, 38º46' W, 50 m, coll. January 2004.
Description. Colony erect, dichotomous, bilaminar. Zooids claviform, longer than wide, delimited by slightly raised lateral margins in the interzooidal furrows. Frontal shield heavily calcified, granular, marginally punctured by one row of 15–25 areolar pores. Sometimes calcification leaves a pair of latero-oral nodules. Two distinct pores separated by suboral avicularium commonly placed at proximal margin of orifice. Peristome well developed, sometimes obscuring distal marginal pores, high-arched, becoming thicker with secondary calcification, the proximal rim indented by the frontal suboral avicularian rostrum. This avicularium proportionally large (0.095– 0.137 mm long), extending from spiramen to peristome, orientated distally or slightly obliquely, straight or weakly curving, the rostrum acute, elongate-triangular, delimited by a pair of minute condyles; opesial portion of avicularium smooth. Infrequent additional frontal avicularia borne proximally on margin, the chamber 0.107–0.132 mm long, 0.057–0.088 mm wide, of similar morphology to the suboral avicularium, directed proximally. Branch margins with vicarious to interzooidal avicularia, 0.244–0.388 mm long, 0.134–0.203 mm wide, having similar morphology to suboral and frontal avicularia. Spiramen single, depressed, semicircular, placed just proximal to suboral frontal avicularium, frequently obscured by frontal calcification. Gonozooids not recognized.
UFBA 271 Bahia, Brazil. 2 USNM 8567 Bahia, Brazil. 3 USNM 8570 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 4 UFBA 1015 Bahia, Brazil. 5 UFBA 594 Bahia, Brazil. 6 UFBA 637 Bahia, Brazil. 7 UFBA 0 0 5 Bahia, Brazil.
Remarks. Although frequently placed in Bracebridgia MacGillivray, 1886, the presence of a spiramen and adventitious avicularia and the absence of a lyrula in the primary orifice led Cheetham et al. (2007) to reassign Porina subsulcata Smitt, 1873 to Adeonellopsis. It is the only species of the genus recorded for the southwest Atlantic; it was first reported by Busk (1884) as a new species, Adeonella distoma var. imperforata, based on specimens from Alagoas State, NE Brazil.
Adeonellopsis subsulcata is characterized by the small spiramen that frequently becomes obscured by frontal calcification, and suboral, frontal and interzooidal avicularia of similar morphology. Some specimens of A. subsulcata here analyzed lack adventitious frontal avicularia (UFBA 271; UFBA 1000) but, as noted by Cheetham et al. (2007), this type of avicularium may be present on scattered groups of autozooids, being frequently absent from autozooids at the growing edge (see Cheetham et al. 2007, figure 36.1).
Distribution. Atlantic: North Carolina to Brazil (Alagoas, Bahia and Espírito Santo); sublittoral.
description: Published as part of Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Sanner, Joann & Vieira, Leandro M., 2015, Taxonomy of recent Adeonidae (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) from Brazil, with the description of four new species, pp. 348-368 in Zootaxa 4013 (3) on pages 350-352, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4013.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/237289