cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Effects of air-photo scale on early detection of Mountain Pine Beetle infestation
Creators: name: Hobbs, Alison Jane
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Colour-infrared positive transparencies, at scales of 1:1000, 1:2000, 1:3000 and 1:4000, were obtained of a lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.) stand which was undergoing an active mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) infestation. Visual and densitometric photo-interpretation techniques were applied to these transparencies to determine if symptoms of incipient mortality could be detected from green-foliaged trees following attack by mountain pine beetle. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficiency of photo-interpretation at scales 1:1000, 1:2000, 1:3000, and 1:4000 for early detection of mountain pine beetle-attacked trees. Visual interpretation involved classification of trees into damage types. Subsequent ground-checking allowed a determination of accuracy of damage type classification at each scale. Results indicated that 15% fewer trees were correctly classified as healthy at 1:4000 than at 1:1000. Separation of healthy from attacked trees was achieved with an overall accuracy of 89% at 1:1000, 83% at 1:2000, 91% at 1:3000, and 83% at 1:4000. The interpretation process at 1:4000, however, was considerably slower than at the larger scales. Total green (TG), total red (TR) and total infrared (TIR) film response values of the images of newly-infested trees differed from measurements of the healthy trees. At 1:1000, images of newly-stressed trees indicated significantly higher (p<.05) TIR response values relative to TG and TR film response values, when compared with non-attacked trees. Significant differences were measured for the TG and TR response values, for recently-attacked lodgepole pine, at 1:2000, 1:3000 and 1:4000, which suggests some change in the green-red portion of the spectrum. Visually the foliage of the recently-attacked trees was green. Densitometric interpretation of the photographic data is affected by scale change. There were significant differences in the degree of film response for the 1:4000 photographs when compared to other scales. This would suggest a significant reduction in the reaction of the film dye-layers to reflected light, with decrease in scale. The results of this study indicated that visual interpretation of 70 mm colour-infrared photographs would provide the forest manager with a valuable management tool for early detection of mountain pine beetle attacked timber compared to other methods, such as aerial sketch-mapping, which generally rely upon foliage colour change for recognition of dead lodgepole pine.
Galois theory of iterated endomorphisms
Creators: name: Jones, Rafe
name: Rouse, Jeremy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11F80, 14L10, 14K15

description: Given an abelian algebraic group $A$ over a global field $F$, $α\in A(F)$, and a prime $\ell$, the set of all preimages of $α$ under some iterate of $[\ell]$ generates an extension of $F$ that contains all $\ell$-power torsion points as well as a Kummer-type extension. We analyze the Galois group of this extension, and for several classes of $A$ we give a simple characterization of when the Galois group is as large as possible up to constraints imposed by the endomorphism ring or the Weil pairing. This Galois group encodes information about the density of primes $\p$ in the ring of integers of $F$ such that the order of $(α\bmod{\p})$ is prime to $\ell$. We compute this density in the general case for several classes of $A$, including elliptic curves and one-dimensional tori. For example, if $F$ is a number field, $A/F$ is an elliptic curve with surjective 2-adic representation and $α\in A(F)$ with $α\not\in 2A(F(A[4]))$, then the density of $\mathfrak{p}$ with ($α\bmod{\p}$) having odd order is 11/21.
description: 33 pages; The appendix has been updated, several examples have been redone, and a number of typos corrected. The paper has been accepted for publication in Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society
A background for thermal photons in heavy ion collisions
Creators: name: Nayak, Satya Ranjan
name: Devi, Gauri
name: Singh, B. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we present the transverse momentum spectra of prompt and decay photons in Au-Au collisions for $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ 200 GeV, 62.4 GeV, 39 GeV, and 27 GeV. The major sources of the photons in Angantyr include hard processes, Parton showers, and resonance decay. The multiparton interactions and hadronic rescatterings significantly increase the photon yield. The model shows a good match with the available experimental data at high $p_T$. The difference in yield at low $p_T $ suggests that Quark Gluon Plasma of $T_{eff}$ = 0.167 GeV/c in central Au-Au collision at 200 GeV is formed, the new effective temperature is less than the ones extracted without removing background photons. At low $p_T$ the decay photon spectra scales with $(\frac{dN_{ch}}{dη})^{1.25}$, the scaling is independent of collision energy and system size. The scaling no longer holds at high $p_T$ and the spectra become beam energy dependent. The scaled $p_T$ spectra of p-p and d-Au collisions show an opposite trend at high $p_T$, their scaled yield is greater than the Au-Au collision at the same energy.
Scalable quantum eraser for superconducting integrated circuits
Creators: name: Diniz, Ciro Micheletti
name: Bôas, Celso J. Villas
name: Santos, Alan C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A fast and scalable scheme for multi-qubit resetting in superconducting quantum processors is proposed by exploiting the feasibility of frequency-tunable transmon qubits and transmon-like couplers to engineer a full programmable superconducting erasing head. The scalability of the device is verified by simultaneously resetting two qubits, where we show that collectivity effects may emerge as an fundamental ingredient to speed up the erasing process. Conversely, we also describe the appearance of decoherence-free subspace in multi-qubit chips, causing it to damage the device performance. To overcome this problem, a special set of parameters for the tunable frequency coupler is proposed, which allows us to erase even states within such subspace. To end, we offer a proposal to buildup integrated superconducting processors that can be efficiently connected to erasure heads in a scalable way.
Gids met goede praktijken tegen seksuele intimidatie voor het festival- en feestmilieu en op campussen van universiteiten en hogescholen.pdf
Creators: name: Ponnet, Koen
name: Hardyns, Wim
name: Schokkenbroek, Janneke M.
name: Hauspie, Thijs
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 420606
subject: Social determinants of health

description: A guide with good practices against sexual harassment and intimidation
High-Performance Implementation of the Optimized Event Generator for Strong-Field QED Plasma Simulations
Creators: name: Panova, Elena
name: Volokitin, Valentin
name: Bashinov, Aleksei
name: Muraviev, Alexander
name: Efimenko, Evgeny
name: Meyerov, Iosif
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Numerical simulation of strong-field quantum electrodynamics (SFQED) processes is an essential step towards current and future high-intensity laser experiments. The complexity of SFQED phenomena and their stochastic nature make them extremely computationally challenging, requiring the use of supercomputers for realistic simulations. Recently, we have presented a novel approach to numerical simulation of SFQED processes based on an accurate approximation of precomputed rates, which minimizes the number of rate calculations per QED event. The current paper is focused on the high-performance implementation of this method, including vectorization of resource-intensive kernels and improvement of parallel computing efficiency. Using two codes, PICADOR and hi-$χ$ (the latter being free and publicly available), we demonstrate significant reduction in computation time due to these improvements. We hope that the proposed approach can be applied in other codes for the numerical simulation of SFQED processes.
Detection of acceleration radiation in a Bose-Einstein condensate
Creators: name: Retzker, A.
name: Cirac, J. I.
name: Plenio, M. B.
name: Reznik, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose and study methods for detecting the Unruh effect in a Bose-Einstein condensate. The Bogoliubov vacuum of a Bose-Einstein condensate is used here to simulate a scalar field-theory, and accelerated atom dots or optical lattices as means for detecting phonon radiation due to acceleration effects. We study Unruh's effect for linear acceleration and circular acceleration. In particular, we study the dispersive effects of the Bogoliubov spectrum on the ideal case of exact thermalization. Our results suggest that Unruh's acceleration radiation can be tested using current accessible experimental methods.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Long-lived heavy neutral leptons at the LHC: four-fermion single-$N_R$ operators
Creators: name: Beltrán, Rebeca
name: Cottin, Giovanna
name: Helo, Juan Carlos
name: Hirsch, Martin
name: Titov, Arsenii
name: Wang, Zeren Simon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interest in searches for heavy neutral leptons (HNLs) at the LHC has increased considerably in the past few years. In the minimal scenario, HNLs are produced and decay via their mixing with active neutrinos in the Standard Model (SM) spectrum. However, many SM extensions with HNLs have been discussed in the literature, which sometimes change expectations for LHC sensitivities drastically. In the $N_R$SMEFT, one extends the SM effective field theory with operators including SM singlet fermions, which allows to study HNL phenomenology in a "model independent" way. In this paper, we study the sensitivity of ATLAS to HNLs in the $N_R$SMEFT for four-fermion operators with a single HNL. These operators might dominate both production and decay of HNLs, and we find that new physics scales in excess of 20 TeV could be probed at the high-luminosity LHC.
description: 18 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables; Fig. 1 updated with the latest CMS constraints; several comments and references added; results unchanged; matches version published in JHEP
La Trobe Law Tech Submission on the Online Safety Legislative Reform Discussion Paper
Creators: name: Oboler, Andre
name: Casanovas, Pompeu
name: Louis, De Koker.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Australian Safety Legislative Reform
Cyberbullying
Hate speech
Security

description: Research Report. La Trobe LawTech comments on the Australian Government proposal for a new Online Safety Act to improve Australia's online safety regulatory framework (Consultation Consultation Period: December 11, 2019 to February 19, 2020)
Pairing Vibrations Study with the Time-Dependent Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov theory
Creators: name: Avez, Benoît
name: Simenel, Cédric
name: Chomaz, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study pairing vibrations in $^{18,20,22}$O and $^{42,44,46}$Ca nuclei solving the time-dependent Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov equation in coordinate space with spherical symmetry. We use the SLy4 Skyrme functional in the normal part of the energy density functional and a local density dependent functional in its pairing part. Pairing vibrations are excited by two-neutron transfer operators. Strength distributions are obtained using the Fourier transform of the time-dependent response of two-neutron pair-transfer observables in the linear regime. Results are in overall agreement with quasiparticle random phase approximation calculations for Oxygen isotopes, though differences appear when increasing the neutron number. Both low lying pairing modes and giant pairing vibrations (GPV) are discussed. The GPV is observed in the Oxygen but not in the Calcium isotopes.
description: accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. C
Revisiting rescattering contributions to $\overline{B}_{(s)}\to D^{(*)}_{(s)} M$ decays
Creators: name: Endo, Motoi
name: Iguro, Syuhei
name: Mishima, Satoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the reported discrepancies between experimental data and Standard Model predictions for the branching ratios of the color-allowed decays $\overline{B}^0 \to D^{(*)+}K^-$ and $\overline{B}^0_s \to D^{(*)+}_s π^-$, we study final-state rescattering effects on $\overline{B}_{(s)}\to D^{(*)}_{(s)} P$ and $\overline{B}_{(s)}\to D_{(s)} V$, where $P$ ($V$) is a light pseudoscalar (vector) meson. We consider quasi-elastic rescatterings in the framework of $SU(3)$ and $U(3)$ flavor symmetries, and find that the effects cannot explain the measured branching ratios of the color-allowed and color-suppressed decays simultaneously. We also perform global fits to the $\overline{B}_{(s)}\to D^{(*)}_{(s)} P$ and $\overline{B}_{(s)}\to D_{(s)} V$ data, allowing for new physics contributions to the Wilson coefficient $a_1$ associated with the color-allowed tree amplitudes. It is shown that the fits prefer a downward shift of $\mathcal{O}(10\%)$ in $a_1$ even in the presence of the quasi-elastic rescattering contributions.
description: 26 pages, 10 figures, 4 tables, Published version
Critical Coupling for Two-dimensional $ϕ^4$ Theory in Discretized Light-Cone Quantization
Creators: name: Vary, James P.
name: Huang, Mengyao
name: Jawadekar, Shreeram
name: Sharaf, Mamoon
name: Harindranath, Avaroth
name: Chakrabarti, Dipankar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We solve for the critical coupling in the symmetric phase of two-dimensional $ϕ^4$ field theory using Discretized Light-Cone Quantization. We adopt periodic boundary conditions, neglect the zero mode, and obtain a critical coupling consistent with the critical coupling reported using conformal truncation in light-front quantization. We find a 17% dfference from the critical coupling reported with light-front quantization in a symmetric polynomial basis.
description: 29 pages, 6 figures. Results remain the same as the first version. Revisions in the text reflect those made for final publication. One reference has been added
MPEC 2025-G60 : 2025 FY22
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2025 FY22

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Dynamical ultrafast all-optical switching of planar GaAs/AlAs photonic microcavities
Creators: name: Harding, Philip J.
name: Euser, Tijmen G.
name: Nowicki-Bringuier, Yoanna-Reine
name: Gerard, Jean-Michel
name: Vos, Willem L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The authors study the ultrafast switching-on and -off of planar GaAs/AlAs microcavities. Up to 0.8% refractive index changes are achieved by optically exciting free carriers at 1720 nm and a pulse energy of 1.8 micro Joules. The cavity resonance is dynamically tracked by measuring reflectivity versus time delay with tunable laser pulses, and is found to shift by as much as 3.3 linewidths within a few picoseconds. The switching-off occurs with a decay time of around 50 ps. The authors derive the dynamic behavior of the carrier density and of the complex refractive index. They propose that the inferred 10 GHz switching rate may be tenfold improved by optimized sample growth.
description: 1.) Replaced figure 1 (linear reflectivity) with a more recent and improved measurement 2.) Included a Figure of Merit for switching and compared to other recent contributions 3.) Explained more precisely the effect of embedded Quantum Dots (namely no effect on measurement) 4.) Changed wording in a few places
CH3-Terminated Carbon Chains in the GOTHAM Survey of TMC-1: Evidence of Interstellar CH3C7N
Creators: name: Siebert, Mark A.
name: Lee, Kin Long Kelvin
name: Remijan, Anthony J.
name: Burkhardt, Andrew M.
name: Loomis, Ryan A.
name: McCarthy, Michael C.
name: McGuire, Brett A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a systematic study of all known methyl carbon chains toward TMC-1 using the second data release of the GOTHAM survey, as well as a search for larger species. Using Markov-Chain Monte Carlo simulations and spectral line stacking of over 30 rotational transitions, we report statistically significant emission from methylcyanotriacetylene (CH$_3$C$_7$N) at a confidence level of 4.6$σ$, and use it to derive a column density of ${\sim}$10$^{11}$ cm$^{-2}$. We also searched for the related species, methyltetraacetylene (CH$_3$C$_8$H), and place upper limits on the column density of this molecule. By carrying out the above statistical analyses for all other previously detected methyl-terminated carbon chains that have emission lines in our survey, we assess the abundances, excitation conditions, and formation chemistry of methylpolyynes (CH3C$_{2n}$H) and methylcyanopolyynes (CH3C$_{2n-1}$N) in TMC-1, and compare those with predictions from a chemical model. Based on our observed trends in column density and relative populations of the A and E nuclear spin isomers, we find that the methylpolyynes and methylcyanopolyynes families exhibit stark differences from one another, pointing to separate interstellar formation pathways, which is confirmed through gas-grain chemical modeling with nautilus.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Geographic variation in Novumbra hubbsi Schultz 1929 (Pisches, Umbridale) : External meristic characters, chromosomal state and nuclear DNA content
Creators: name: Rosenfeld, Mark Jay
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Variation in external meristic characters, chromosomal state and nuclear DNA content was examined across the range of a relict fish, Novumbra hubbsi Schultz, occurring within the general area of the Chehalis periglacial refuge near the terminal moraine of the late Pleistocene Vashon Glacier in western Washington, U.S.A. N. hubbsi shows considerable geographic variation in several external meristic characters. The geographic distributions of mean counts for lateral bars and anal fin rays in males as well as those for the lateral scale row and scales above the lateral scale row for males and females combined indicate that the Montesano Hills, foothills of the Olympic Mountains, are a barrier to gene flow. This barrier may have been present since at least the Pleistocene. Lateral bar counts are lower and dorsal fin ray counts higher in males from predator-free habitats. These character trends are considered important for mate attraction and territorial defense. Reductions in the numbers of pectoral and pelvic fin rays are also associated with predator-free habitats. Lower numbers of pectoral and pelvic fin rays as well as lateral bars and greater numbers of dorsal fin rays may cause fish to be more prone to predation. Character frequencies may change over time, as interpreted from comparisons of fish from the present study with those caught in 1947 and 1968. The elevated counts for lateral row scales and scale rows before the dorsal fin origin in fish from the Wishkah River drainage may be due to abiotic developmental factors. As to chromosome number and morphology, hubbsi appears in-variate intersexually and geographically. Forty-eight chromosomes comprise the diploid number. The fundamental number in chromosome complements is 80 chromosome arms, contrasting with a published value of 74 arms. The revised fundamental number is based on an extensive series of measurements on 186 elongate chromosome sets. Nuclear DNA contents are reported for male and female N. hubbsi from four populations. No intersexual or geographical differences appear present. The Feulgen-DNA determination for erythrocyte nuclei is 1.68 pg/nucleus ± 0.02(S.E.), about 80% of a published value. The difference between determinations may be due to the use of different control cells or too high a reference DNA value by earlier workers. Since the Feulgen-DNA determination is not very different from the fluorometric ones in this study, as well as near a value determined for a close relative, the present DNA estimate for N. hubbsi is considered accurate. The observed conservatism in chromosomal state and DNA content may be a consequence of N. hubbsi persisting in the same environment for several million years, possibly since the Oligocene.
Household preparedness for tornado hazards: The 2011 disaster in DeKalb County, Alabama
Creators: name: Chaney, Philip L.
name: Weaver, Greg S.
name: Youngblood, Susan A.
name: Pitts, Kristin
Publisher: name: American Meteorological Association
Year: 2021
Subjects: Emergency preparedness
Policy
Societal impacts

description: This paper contributes to existing knowledge on factors that influence adoption of hazards adjustments for tornadoes. The Protective Action Decision Model provides the theoretical basis for the study, which was conducted after the 2011 disaster in DeKalb County, Alabama. Most of the 124 survey participants had received public safety information on how to prepare for a tornado, understood the definition of a tornado warning, had participated in a tornado drill, and had a plan for seeking shelter. Few owned a NOAA weather radio or had a tornado-resistant shelter on the premises. Demographic analysis found that older residents (60+ yr) and households without children were significantly less likely to have participated in a tornado drill, lower income residents were significantly less likely to have a tornado-resistant shelter on the premises or a plan for seeking shelter, and mobile home residents were significantly less likely to have a plan for seeking shelter. Locus of control and past experience were not significantly associated with adoption of hazards adjustments, but suspected reasons for these results are discussed. Many plans that involved evacuating to another location included excessively long travel distances, and several mobile home residents planned to seek shelter inside their residence. Failure to adopt effective preparedness actions in each of these areas could serve as a situational impediment to making an appropriate protective action decision when a tornado threatens the household. The results identify aspects of household preparedness where there is opportunity for improvement, which would reduce vulnerability and enhance community resilience.
Universal Inverse seesaw mechanism as a source of the SM fermion mass hierarchy
Creators: name: Hernández, A. E. Cárcamo
name: Huong, D. T.
name: Schmidt, Ivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We build a renormalizable theory where the inverse seesaw mechanism explains the pattern of SM fermion masses. To the best of our knowledge, our model corresponds to the first implementation of the inverse seesaw mechanism for the charged fermion sector. In our theory, the inverse seesaw mechanism is implemented at the tree and one-loop levels in order to generate the masses for the second and first families of the SM charged fermions, respectively. The third family of SM charged fermions obtain tree-level masses from the Higgs doublets $ϕ_{1}$ (for the top quark) and $ϕ_{2}$ (for the bottom quark and tau lepton). The masses of the active light neutrinos are generated from a two-loop level inverse seesaw mechanism. Our model successfully explains the observed SM fermion mass hierarchy, the tiny masses of the active light neutrinos, contains the necessary means for efficient leptogenesis and is in accordance with the constraints resulting from meson oscillations, as well as with the measured values of the observed dark matter relic density and of the muon and electron anomalous magnetic moments.
description: 24 pages, 19 figures. Corrected typos and discussion enlarged. Matches published version in EPJC
Search for Higgs boson decays into a pair of pseudoscalar particles in the $bbμμ$ final state with the ATLAS detector in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents a search for decays of the Higgs boson with a mass of 125 GeV into a pair of new pseudoscalar particles, $H\rightarrow aa$, where one $a$-boson decays into a $b$-quark pair and the other into a muon pair. The search uses 139 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV recorded between 2015 and 2018 by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. A narrow dimuon resonance is searched for in the invariant mass spectrum between 16 GeV and 62 GeV. The largest excess of events above the Standard Model backgrounds is observed at a dimuon invariant mass of 52 GeV and corresponds to a local (global) significance of $3.3 σ$ ($1.7 σ$). Upper limits at 95% confidence level are placed on the branching ratio of the Higgs boson to the $bbμμ$ final state, $\mathcal{B}(H\rightarrow aa\rightarrow bbμμ)$, and are in the range $\text{(0.2-4.0)} \times 10^{-4}$, depending on the signal mass hypothesis.
description: 44 pages in total, author list starting page 28, 12 figures, 3 tables, published in PRD. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HDBS-2021-03/
The Scattering Polarization of the Sr I 4607 ÅLine at the Diffraction Limit Resolution of a 1-m Telescope
Creators: name: Bueno, Javier Trujillo
name: Shchukina, Nataliya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the greatest challenges in solar and stellar physics in coming years will be to observe the Second Solar Spectrum with a spatial resolution significantly better than 1 arcsec. This type of scattering polarization observations would probably allow us to discover hitherto unknown aspects of the Sun's hidden magnetism. Here we report on some theoretical predictions for the photospheric line of Sr I at 4607 Å, which we have obtained by solving the three-dimensional (3D) radiative transfer problem of scattering line polarization in a realistic hydrodynamical model of the solar photosphere. We have taken into account not only the anisotropy of the radiation field in the 3D medium and the Hanle effect of a tangled magnetic field, but also the symmetry breaking effects caused by the horizontal atmospheric inhomogeneities produced by the solar surface convection. Interestingly, the Q/I and U/I linear polarization signals of the emergent spectral line radiation have sizable values and fluctuations, even at the very center of the solar disk where we meet the forward scattering case. The ensuing small-scale patterns in Q/I and U/I turn out to be sensitive to the assumed magnetic field model, and are of great diagnostic value. We argue that it should be possible to observe them with the help of a 1-m telescope equipped with adaptive optics and a suitable polarimeter.
description: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal Letters (12 pages and 2 color figures)
Socioeconomic disparities in mobility behavior and policy response during the COVID-19 pandemic in developing countries
Creators: name: Lucchini, Lorenzo
name: Langle‐Chimal, Ollin D.
name: Fraiberger, Samuel P.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 490104
subject: Complex systems
classificationCode: 350902
subject: Intelligent mobility
classificationCode: 440706
subject: Health policy
classificationCode: 380102
subject: Behavioural economics
classificationCode: 420201
subject: Behavioural epidemiology
classificationCode: 440402
subject: Humanitarian disasters, conflict and peacebuilding

description: READMEThe SupplementaryInformation.pdf is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Code and Data are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.This dataset contains aggregated mobility data from 6 different middle-income countries capturing mobility behaviour across different socio-economic groups over time, from January 2020 until the end of 2020. Several mobility metrics are provided, informing different dimensions of the mobility behaviour of individuals. Data were processed from raw GPS data, provided by the Veraset company.Additionally, code to process and plot the aggregated data is provided.
Processing includes:1. time-series construction2. analysis of the association between containment policy enactment and behavioural response of the different socio-economic groups3. GPS data preprocessing and individual association with demographic information
More specifically, in the compressed file you will find:1. "create_ts.py" and "aux.py": process data within the "data" directory to aggregate mobility patterns into time-series2. within the "policy_analysis_code": code that processes time series and uses policy enactment data (contained within the "data" directory) and analyses, with a panel regression model, the association between different socio-economic group behaviour and their changes in mobility behaviour.3. "compute_stop_locations": is a directory containing Databricks notebook used to process and aggregate the individual data, in the form of raw GPS points, into stop locations (with duration information) and associate them to administrative units and local demographical data.
The Mid-Infrared Spectral Energy Distribution, Surface Brightness and Color Profiles in Elliptical Galaxies
Creators: name: Temi, Pasquale
name: Brighenti, Fabrizio
name: Mathews, William G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe photometry at mid-infrared passbands (1.2 - 24 microns) for a sample of 18 elliptical galaxies. All surface brightness distributions resemble de Vaucouleurs profiles, indicating that most of the emission arises from the photospheres or circumstellar regions of red giant stars. The spectral energy distribution peaks near 1.6 microns, but the half-light or effective radius has a pronounced minimum near the K band (2.15 microns). Apart from the 24 micron passband, all sample-averaged radial color profiles have measurable slopes within about twice the (K band) effective radius. Evidently this variation arises because of an increase in stellar metallicity toward the galactic cores. For example, the sampled-averaged color profile (K - 5.8 microns) has a positive slope although no obvious absorption feature is observed in spectra of elliptical galaxies near 5.8 microns. This, and the minimum in the effective radius, suggests that the K band may be anomalously luminous in metal-rich stars in galaxy cores. Unusual radial color profiles involving the 24 micron passband may suggest that some 24 micron emission comes from interstellar not circumstellar dust grains.
description: 18 pages. Accepted by ApJ
High CO tolerance of Pt/Ru nano-catalyst: insight from first principles calculation
Creators: name: Stolbov, Sergey
name: Ortigoza, Marisol Alcantara
name: Adzic, Radoslav
name: Rahman, Talat S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Density functional theory based calculations of the energetics of adsorption and diffusion of CO on Pt islets and on the Ru(0001) substrate show that CO has the lowest adsorption energy at the center of the islet, and its bonding increases as it moves to the edge of the island and further onto the substrate. Activation energy barriers for CO diffusion from the islet to the Ru surface are found to be lower than 0.3 eV making the process feasible and leading to the conclusion that this hydrogen oxidation catalyst is CO tolerant because of the spillover of CO from active Pt sites to the Ru substrate. We present the rationale for this effect using insights from detailed electronic structure calculations.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Discovering heavy neutrino oscillations in rare Bc meson decays at HL-LHCb
Creators: name: Tapia, Sebastian
name: Vidal-Bravo, Marcelo
name: Zamora-Saa, Jilberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we study the lepton flavor and lepton number violating $B_{c}$ meson decays via two intermediate on-shell Majorana neutrinos $N_j$ into two charged leptons and a charged pion $B_{c}^{\pm} \to μ^{\pm} \ N_j \to μ^{\pm} τ^{\pm} π^{\mp}$. We evaluated the possibility to measure the modulation of the decay width along the detector length produced as a consequence of the lepton flavor violating process, in a scenario where the heavy neutrinos masses range between $2.0$ GeV $\leq M_N \leq 6.0$ GeV. We study some realistic conditions which could lead to the observation of this phenomenon at futures $B$ factories such HL-LHCb.
Nuclear recoil effect on the magnetic-dipole decay rates of atomic levels
Creators: name: Volotka, A. V.
name: Glazov, D. A.
name: Plunien, G.
name: Shabaev, V. M.
name: Tupitsyn, I. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of finite nuclear mass on the magnetic-dipole transition probabilities between fine-structure levels of the same term is investigated. Based on a rigorous QED approach a nonrelativistic formula for the recoil correction to first order in m_e/M is derived. Numerical results for transitions of experimental interest are presented.
description: 9 pages
Ruehssia laxiflora Gonz.
Creators: name: Lozada-Pérez, Lucio
name: Ramírez-Marcial, Neptalí
name: Martínez, César Adrián González-
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Gentianales
Apocynaceae
Ruehssia
Ruehssia laxiflora

description: Ruehssia laxiflora (Donn. Sm.) Gonz. -Martínez & Lozada-Pérez, comb. nov.
Basionym:— Marsdenia laxiflora Donn. Sm. (Donnell Smith 1905: 7)
Type:— GUATEMALA. Dept. Alta Verapaz: Cubilquitz, Río Dolores, Aug 1903, von Tuerckheim 8558 B (holotype: US! [US 00112440]; isotypes: GH!, K!, NY!).
description: Published as part of Lozada-Pérez, Lucio, Ramírez-Marcial, Neptalí & Martínez, César Adrián González-, 2020, Ruehssia sumiderensis (Apocynaceae), a new species from Chiapas state, Mexico, pp. 69-80 in Phytotaxa 440 (1) on page 72, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.440.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/13873270
A database of upper limb surface electromyogram signals from demographically diverse individuals
Creators: name: Gowda, Harshavardhana T.
name: Kaul, Neha
name: Carrasco, Carlos
name: Battraw, Marcus A.
name: Amer, Safa
name: Kotwal, Saniya
name: Lam, Selena
name: McNaughton, Zachary
name: Rahimi, Ferdous
name: Shehabi, Sana
name: Schofield, Jonathon S.
name: Miller, Lee M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Upper limb based neuromuscular interfaces aim to provide a seamless way for humans to interact with technology. Among noninvasive interfaces, surface electromyogram (EMG) signals hold significant promise. However, their sensitivity to physiological and anatomical factors remains poorly understood, raising questions about how these factors influence gesture decoding across individuals or groups. To facilitate the study of signal distribution shifts across individuals or groups of individuals, we present a dataset of upper limb EMG signals and physiological measures from 91 demographically diverse adults. Participants were selected to represent a range of ages (18 to 92 years) and body mass indices (healthy, overweight, and obese). The dataset also includes measures such as skin hydration and elasticity, which may affect EMG signals. This dataset provides a basis to study demographic confounds in EMG signals and serves as a benchmark to test the development of fair and unbiased algorithms that enable accurate hand gesture decoding across demographically diverse subjects. Additionally, we validate the quality of the collected data using state-of-the-art gesture decoding techniques.
Back to the origins of brane-antibrane inflation
Creators: name: Cicoli, Michele
name: Hughes, Christopher
name: Kamal, Ahmed Rakin
name: Marino, Francesco
name: Quevedo, Fernando
name: Ramos-Hamud, Mario
name: Villa, Gonzalo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a new framework for brane-antibrane inflation where moduli stabilisation relies purely on perturbative corrections to the effective action. This guarantees that the model does not suffer from the eta-problem. The inflationary potential has two contributions: the tension of an antibrane at the tip of a warped throat, and its Coulomb interaction with a mobile brane. This represents the first realisation of the original idea of brane-antibrane inflation, as opposed to inflection point inflation which arises when the moduli are fixed with non-perturbative effects. Moreover, we formulate the brane-antibrane dynamics as an F-term potential of a nilpotent superfield in a manifestly supersymmetric effective theory. We impose compatibility with data and consistency conditions on control over the approximations and find that slow-roll inflation can occur in a large region of the underlying parameter space. The scalar spectral index is in agreement with data and the tensor-to-scalar ratio is beyond current observational reach. Interestingly, after the end of inflation the volume mode can, but does not need to, evolve towards a late-time minimum at larger values.
description: 21 pages + appendices, 11 figures Published in EPJC
Gravitational Lensing of Supernova Neutrino Bursts
Creators: name: LoSecco, John M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supernova neutrino bursts have been observed from extragalactic distances. This note addresses the question of how gravitational lensing could distort the information in the burst. We apply the gravitational lens hypothesis to try to understand the time and brightness structure of the SN1987A neutrino observations. Estimates of a possible lensing mass and alignment are made. These estimates suggest a path to verification.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures, 1 table Revision to add a citation to work by Barrow and Subramanian 1987, who also found this interpretation for the time structure
IBM Quantum Computers: Evolution, Performance, and Future Directions
Creators: name: AbuGhanem, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Quantum computers represent a transformative frontier in computational technology, promising exponential speedups beyond classical computing limits. IBM Quantum has led significant advancements in both hardware and software, providing access to quantum hardware via IBM Cloud since 2016, achieving a milestone with the world's first accessible quantum computer. This article explores IBM's quantum computing journey, focusing on the development of practical quantum computers. We summarize the evolution and advancements of IBM Quantum's processors across generations, including their recent breakthrough surpassing the 1,000-qubit barrier. The paper reviews detailed performance metrics across various hardware, tracing their evolution over time and highlighting IBM Quantum's transition from the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computing era towards fault-tolerant quantum computing capabilities.
MHS sunspot model from deep sub-photospheric to chromospheric layers
Creators: name: Khomenko, E.
name: Collados, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to understand the influence of magnetic fields on the propagation properties of waves, as derived from different local helioseismology techniques, forward modeling of waves is required. Such calculations need a model in magnetohydrostatic equilibrium as initial atmosphere to propagate oscillations through it. We provide a method to construct such a model in equilibrium for a wide range of parameters to be used for simulations of artificial helioseismologic data. The method combine the advantages of self-similar solutions and current-distributed models. A set of models is developed by numerical integration of magnetohydrostatic equations from the sub-photospheric to chromospheric layers.
description: accepted by ApJ
Homeostatic Criticality in Neuronal Networks
Creators: name: Menesse, Gustavo
name: Marin, Bóris
name: Girardi-Schappo, Mauricio
name: Kinouchi, Osame
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: In self-organized criticality (SOC) models, as well as in standard phase transitions, criticality is only present for vanishing external fields $h \to 0$. Considering that this is rarely the case for natural systems, such a restriction poses a challenge to the explanatory power of these models. Besides that, in models of dissipative systems like earthquakes, forest fires, and neuronal networks, there is no true critical behavior, as expressed in clean power laws obeying finite-size scaling, but a scenario called "dirty" criticality or self-organized quasi-criticality (SOqC). Here, we propose simple homeostatic mechanisms which promote self-organization of coupling strengths, gains, and firing thresholds in neuronal networks. We show that with an adequate separation of the timescales for the coupling strength and firing threshold dynamics, near criticality (SOqC) can be reached and sustained even in the presence of significant external input. The firing thresholds adapt to and cancel the inputs ($h$ decreases towards zero). Similar mechanisms can be proposed for the couplings and local thresholds in spin systems and cellular automata, which could lead to applications in earthquake, forest fire, stellar flare, voting, and epidemic modeling.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures
Freedom of mixer rotation-axis improves performance in the quantum approximate optimization algorithm
Creators: name: Govia, L. C. G.
name: Poole, C.
name: Saffman, M.
name: Krovi, H. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Variational quantum algorithms such as the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) are particularly attractive candidates for implementation on near-term quantum processors. As hardware realities such as error and qubit connectivity will constrain achievable circuit depth in the near future, new ways to achieve high-performance at low depth are of great interest. In this work, we present a modification to QAOA that adds additional variational parameters in the form of freedom of the rotation-axis in the $XY$-plane of the mixer Hamiltonian. Via numerical simulation, we show that this leads to a drastic performance improvement over standard QAOA at finding solutions to the MAXCUT problem on graphs of up to 7 qubits. Furthermore, we explore the Z-phase error mitigation properties of our modified ansatz, its performance under a realistic error model for a neutral atom quantum processor, and the class of problems it can solve in a single round.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, 3 pages and 5 figures supplementary
Unique and efficient adsorbents for highly selective and reverse adsorption and separation of dyes via the introduction of SO3H functional groups into a metal–organic framework
Creators: name: Dehghanpour, Saeed
name: Mahdie Saghian
name: Massoomeh Sharbatdaranb
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Crystallography
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 39904 Organometallic Chemistry

description: In this study, an unsaturated Cu-based MOF, HKUST (Cu3(BTC)2), was fabricated and modified with sulfonate groups in two steps, leading to the construction of a novel sulfo-functionalized MOF. The prepared framework was utilized in the adsorption and separation of various organic dyes (MB, Er, FS, and MV). The adsorption process represented intriguing features due to the introduction of the SO3H functional groups into the framework. Such an attractive feature has rarely been depicted in previous works. In addition to the substantially increased adsorption capacity of the modified framework compared with that of pristine MOF, a reverse and selective phenomenon was perceived in the cases of FS and MV. The sulfo-functionalized MOF could adsorb MV with high adsorption capacity but barely adsorbed FS, and the opposite condition was observed for pristine MOF. In addition, the prepared framework showed high selectivity in a mixed solution of dyes. On the other hand, the modified framework had no role in the first step of the adsorption and separation process and showed the same behavior as pristine MOF. Furthermore, the sulfonate functional groups could not be directly incorporated into HKUST. The experimental data followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm model. Thermodynamic studies demonstrated an exothermic spontaneous mechanism for the dye adsorption process. The prepared adsorbents were capable of being recycled for four sequential cycles. Hereupon, this study presents a notably efficacious approach for the reverse performance of frameworks for the dye adsorption and separation process.