cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Laboratory H2O:CO2 ice desorption data: entrapment dependencies and its parameterization with an extended three-phase model
Creators: name: Fayolle, Edith C.
name: Oberg, Karin I.
name: Cuppen, Herma M.
name: Visser, Ruud
name: Linnartz, Harold
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ice desorption affects the evolution of the gas-phase chemistry during the protostellar stage, and also determines the chemical composition of comets forming in circumstellar disks. From observations, most volatile species are found in H2O-dominated ices. The aim of this study is first to experimentally determine how entrapment of volatiles in H2O ice depends on ice thickness, mixture ratio and heating rate, and second, to introduce an extended three-phase model (gas, ice surface and ice mantle) to describe ice mixture desorption with a minimum number of free parameters. Thermal H2O:CO2 ice desorption is investigated in temperature programmed desorption experiments of thin (10 - 40 ML) ice mixtures under ultra-high vacuum conditions. Desorption is simultaneously monitored by mass spectrometry and reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy. The H2O:CO2 experiments are complemented with selected H2O:CO, and H2O:CO2:CO experiments. The results are modeled with rate equations that connect the gas, ice surface and ice mantle phases through surface desorption and mantle-surface diffusion. The fraction of trapped CO2 increases with ice thickness (10 - 32 ML) and H2O:CO2 mixing ratio (5:1 - 10:1), but not with one order of magnitude different heating rates. The fraction of trapped CO2 is 44 - 84 % with respect to the initial CO2 content for the investigated experimental conditions. This is reproduced quantitatively by the extended three-phase model that is introduced here. The H2O:CO and H2O:CO2:CO experiments are consistent with the H2O:CO2 desorption trends, suggesting that the model can be used for other ice species found in the interstellar medium to significantly improve the parameterization of ice desorption.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures, published in A&A
The complete chloroplast genome of Populus tomentosa narrow crown, native to Northern China
Creators: name: Zhang, Yao
name: Zong, Dan
name: Zhou, Anpei
name: He, Chengzhong
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Populus tomentosa narrow crown [P. tomentosa (NC)], natural distributes in northern China, is an economically important ecotype of P. tomentosa. In this study, we assembled its complete chloroplast (cp) genome. The total genome size of P. tomentosa (NC) is 156,368 bp in length, containing a large single copy region of 84,623 bp, a small single copy region of 16,533 bp, and a pair of inverted repeat regions of 27,606 bp. We annotated 130 genes in the genome, including 85 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes, 12 genes of which have 1 intron and 3 genes contain 2 introns. The overall GC content of the whole genome is 36.8%. Phylogenetic analysis using 24 complete cp genome of Salicaceae suggested that P. tomentosa (NC) is most closely related to P. alba. var. pyramidalis.
Atmospheric leaching of enargite in iron sulfate solutions catalyzed by activated carbon
Creators: name: Ghane Ghanad, Iman
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Traditionally, smelting has been the primary method of treatment for copper sulfide concentrates. In modern smelters the environmental problem of sulfur dioxide emission has been addressed effectively, but pyrometallurgical treatment of concentrates containing elevated levels of arsenic is still difficult and costly. Therefore, arsenic is considered a penalty element for smelters. However, the depletion of “clean” (non-arsenical) copper deposits and the increasing demand for copper will make the treatment of copper-arsenic sulfides such as enargite and tennantite unavoidable. Thereby a viable processing method is required. Hydrometallurgical treatment of enargite using atmospheric leaching promises a comparatively simple method for managing arsenic by co-precipitating it with iron in the form of scorodite. The major challenge involved with this option is the slow rate of enargite leaching. A novel treatment for enargite-rich copper concentrates through atmospheric ferric leaching catalyzed by activated carbon is presented in this study. Enargite concentrates from three different sources in Chile and Peru and one enargite mineral sample from the United States were used in the leaching experiments. Batch leaching tests were conducted in sealed, jacketed, glass stirred-tank reactors. The results showed that enargite leaching was up to 6 times faster in the presence of activated carbon, making it possible to achieve virtually complete copper extraction within 24 hours. SEM studies revealed changes in the morphology of the passive layer on enargite particles which is formed as a product of leaching. The laboratory-scale tests indicated that desirable leaching kinetics could be maintained after recycling activated carbon particles multiple times to new leaching tests and also at a carbon:enargite concentrate mass ratio as low as 0.25. Activated carbon loss was reduced from 26 % to 5 % of the initial carbon mass by decreasing the impeller speed from 1200 rpm to 800 rpm, while the leaching performance remained similar. The effects of concentrate grind size, solution redox potential and initial total iron concentration on copper extraction have also been studied. The presented method promises a commercially attractive route to treat enargite concentrates.
Gasification of Athabasca bitumen: hydrogen generation, kinetics, and in situ process design
Creators: name: Kapadia, Punitkumar Ramanlal
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2012

description: Bibliography: p. 258-268
description: Some pages are in colour.
description: Alberta, Canada has an immense amount of crude bitumen reserves in Athabasca, Cold Lake and Peace River deposits. Commercially, these reserves are exploited either by surface mining or in situ recovery methods in the form of liquid bitumen. Subsequently, the produced bitumen is upgraded to synthetic crude oil (SCO). SCO constitutes the main feed intake for conventional refineries wherein it is processed further to obtain fuel, petrochemicals, and lubricant products. Even though the current pathway of energy production from crude bitumen reserves is technically successful, commercially proven and economically viable, it requires large energy investments and high emission of pollutants to environment. Hence, there is a need for exploration of alternative energy vectors for production from these reserves. There are sufficient numbers of experimental and pilot scale studies demonstrating the possibility of hydrogen production from bitumen. Hydrogen is a clean fuel, has the highest energy content per unit mass, and is a required feedstock for the chemical and petrochemical industries. Given the extent of Athabasca oil sands reservoirs (over 1.7 trillion barrels); hydrogen generation from these resources would potentially have benefits to Alberta and Canada. The overall objective of the proposed research was to understand and optimize hydrogen generation by in situ gasification from bitumen reservoirs. The methods to enable this research were analysis of experimental pyrolysis, aquathermolysis, combustion data for Athabasca bitumen to obtain a reaction scheme and associated kinetic parameters, matching of combustion tube experiments to evaluate transport parameters, and simulation of field scale gasification recovery processes in Athabasca bitumen reservoir models. The key outcomes of the research were, • Evaluation of hydrogen generating potential from gasification of Athabasca bitumen, • Development of comprehensive reaction scheme to include pyrolysis, aquathermolysis, and combustion mechanisms for gasification of Athabasca bitumen, • Analyse of reaction zones in SAGD operation to provide estimates of acid gas production like hydrogen sulfide, carbon oxides and fuel gases like hydrogen, methane evolved during the SAGD field operation, and • In situ process design for bitumen gasification.
The experience of spirituality in the lives of Anglican gay men
Creators: name: Hollowell, Barry Craig Bates
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2012

description: Bibliography: p. 219-262
description: Includes copy of ethics approvals and copyright permission. Original copies with original Partial Copyright Licence.
description: The purpose of this qualitative study is to open a window of articulation and understanding into the lived experience and meaning of spirituality in the lives of gay men who, in the past or present, identify as being members of the Anglican expression of Christianity. While over the last 50 years or so institutionalized religious institutions have been declining in their social influence and membership numbers, there has been an increase in interest and attention to spirituality. Institutional religious movements in the past have been nearly uniformly negative or condemnatory of i.ndividuals identifying as gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender (GLBT), and of same-gender sexual expressions. Recently, however, attitudes have been changing in some branches of Christianity. Within the worldwide Anglican Communion, and more particularly in the Anglican Church of Canada, official and unofficial voices have expressed positions along a continuum ranging from condemnatory to affirming of same-sex affection, desire, and relationships. This study's aim is to shed light on how gay men with roots in this particular religious community live out their gay identity and how they experience and express spirituality in their lives. Participants (N = 14) took part in two interviews. The starting points for the second interview were the photographs they brought reflecting their experience of spirituality. Utilizing Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), two interrelated principal lenses were identified through which participants created meaning about that experience. The first lens, Jrifluences, identified the location of various influences impacting participants' experiencing spirituality. The second lens, Interpretative Engaging, explored how participants sifted, sorted, and sewed together both negative and growthful experiencing of these influences as they created meaning about spirituality in their lives. Identifiable qualities characterizing these participants' experiencing also emerged. These qualities were that spirituality was (a) relational, (b) intentional, (c) directional, and ( d) transformational. Limitations of this research are discussed, along with identifying potentially fruitful avenues of future research. Implications particularly for counselling psychology are also identified, especially noting the rich potential in utilizing photographic images as tools expressing and exploring experiential areas oflife when words themselves fall short
Economic evaluation of colerectal cancer screening for average risk individuals
Creators: name: Heitman, Steven James
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2012

description: Bibliography: p. 58-65
description: Includes copy of ethics approval and copyright permissions. Original copies with original Partial Copyright Licence.
description: Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common deadly cancer. Screening for CRC saves lives and is cost-effective, but it is unclear if one or more of the screening options are preferred. Methods: A Markov model was developed and validated and then used to conduct an economic evaluation of CRC screening for average risk individuals. All current CRC screening modalities and up to date CRC treatment costs were considered. A systematic review and meta-analysis of CRC and adenomatous polyp prevalence was also performed to inform the model. Results: The prevalence of non-advanced adenomas, advanced adenomas and CRC in 50-64 and 65-75 year olds was 17.1%, 3.8% and 0.1% and 17.3%, 8.2% and 0.7%, respectively. In the base case analysis CRC screening with annual FIT reduced the risk of CRC and CRC-related deaths and was associated with lower health care costs compared to no screening and the other screening options. Conclusion: Health policy decision makers should prioritize funding for CRC screening using FIT.
An integrated multi-component reservoir-wellbore thermal model
Creators: name: Dong, Chao
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2012

description: Bibliography: p. 204-208
description: Many pages are in colour.
description: As more and more wells have been put into operation, accurate modeling of wellbore flow plays a significant role in reservoir simulation, particularly in thermal recovery processes such as Steam Assistant Gravity Drainage (SAGD) and Cyclic Steam Stimulation (CSS). The main objective of wellbore modeling is to predict heat exchange and phase behaviour in the vertical and horizontal wellbores and therefore to predict their effect on the entire simulation process. Coupled reservoir and well modeling can provide a detailed description of these thermal processes. To model these processes, a thermal K-value multi-component reservoir model is developed. This model has the ability to simulate three-dimensional multi-component, three-phase thermal processes such as SAGD and CSS. Two corresponding sets of wellbore models, Sink/Source Well (SSW) and Multi-Segment Well (MSW) models, are developed and tested to achieve several result. The SSW model consists of a set of well control methods. It is chosen as the reference wellbore model in this study and validated with commercial software. In this study the MSW model is also constructed and tested for several thermal recovery processes. The MSW model includes mass and energy conservations for each component, constraints and a general pressure drop relationship. The multiphase wellbore flow is represented using a no- lip or slip model. It has the ability to deal with complex configurations such as multi-tubing situation; several reults are included in the thesis. Three type of coupling schemes for the MSW model are also tested and compared in this research: full, iterative or advancing-level coupling to the reservoir. In addition, An algorithm of dynamic gridding for solving a wellbore flow model is coupled with the General Propose Reservoir Simulator (GPRS), which has the capability to simulate the isothermal black oil reservoir model to obtain detailed information on such important quantities as flow pattern and mixture velocity in any specific location of wellbore. We apply the black oil model to the simulation of several cases on dynamical local mesh refinement isothermally, and compare the results with fixed coarse and fine meshes. The experiments demonstrate that the algorithm can yield accurate results with acceptable computational time.
title: How to use storytelling techniques to better communicate science & policy
title: Using storytelling to communicate science
titleType: AlternativeTitle
title: Using storytelling techniques to communicate science
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Calderazzo, John
name: International Wildlife Ranching Symposium, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Wildlife management -- Congresses
subject: Range management -- Congresses

description: Presented at the 8th international congress for wildlife and livelihoods on private and communal lands: livestock, tourism, and spirit, that was held on September 7-12, 2014 in Estes Park, Colorado.
description: "Science is the greatest of all adventure stories," says physicist Brian Greene, author of The Elegant Universe. "It's been unfolding for thousands of years as we have sought to understand ourselves and our surroundings ... and needs to be communicated in a manner that captures this drama." Carl Sagan and Neil deGrasse Tyson, the old and new storytelling hosts of Cosmos, would agree. So would Rachel Carson, who used one of the oldest and simplest of all story forms, the fable, to coax her readers into a complicated tale of pesticides, chemistry, and ecological succession. Silent Spring may well be the most influential science book of the last fifty years. More than ever, scientists need to communicate clearly and passionately to the public, the media, and decision-makers. Not everyone can be as articulate as a Jane Goodall or Alan Rabinowitz. But humans across every culture are storytelling animals, and recent communications research suggests that information conveyed in story form activates more parts of the brain than when it is conveyed by bullet point or other non-narrative ways. Even a shy and retiring researcher can learn techniques to find common ground with an audience who will not forget the message. My talk will explore how some of the above media stars have used these sometimes-buried communication strategies--and how you can, too.
title: Vasculogenic Sciatica and its Imaging and Pathological correlates
Creators: name: Vadapalli, Ram Mohan
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Pathology
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: MR
subject: Genital / Reproductive system female
subject: Vascular

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Illustrate Common etiologies of extra spinal sciatica especially in women with special emphasis on Vaculogenic sciatica. Vaculogenic sciatica and its etiologies due to neuro vascular conflicts and ischemia are...
In vitro fertilization (IVF): a review of 3 decades of clinical innovation and technologic advancement
Creators: name: Wang, Jeff G.
name: Sauer, Mark V.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Obstetrics
Gynecology

description: In vitro fertilization, popularly referred to as IVF, has captured the attention of the public since its sensational introduction in 1978. Today assisted reproductive technology is available throughout most of the civilized world, and the practice is largely different from that used during the early days. Refinements in laboratory technology and clinical practice have allowed IVF to evolve into a medical procedure that is efficient, safe, readily accessible, and relatively affordable. More than 2 million IVF children have been born to date, and it is likely that continued enhancements will widen its appeal and applicability.
Emotional intelligence and social skills abilities in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Creators: name: Climie, Emma
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2012

description: Bibliography: p. 70-85
description: Includes copy of ethics approval. Original copy with original Partial Copyright Licence.
description: Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are at risk for a number of negative outcomes, especially those within the social domain. They often struggle to interact appropriately with their peers, resulting in social rejection or isolation. Previous research surrounding the concept of emotional intelligence (El), or the ability to understand one's own and others' emotions, has highlighted the relationship between social competence and EI, whereby those who are more emotionally "intelligent" are typically more socially-able. However, this relationship has not yet been examined in a population known to be at-risk for poor social outcomes, such as those with ADHD. Additionally, little is known about the EI abilities of children with ADHD. The current project explores the EI profile of children with ADHD-Combined type and incorporates both ability- and trait-based EI measures. Further exploration of the predictive relationship between EI and social outcomes is reported. Overall, children with ADHD demonstrate comparable El abilities to the standardization sample in a number of areas. There is a positive, although weak, relationship between EI abilities and social skills ratings. Implications for practice and future research directions are discussed.
Development of nickel-based carbon tolerant bi-layer anodes for solid oxide fuel cells
Creators: name: Buccheri, Marco
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2012

description: Bibliography: p. 193-206
description: A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is an electrochemical device that continuously coverts the chemical energy of a fuel directly into electricity and heat at high efficiency ( ~ 70 %). Of all fuel cell types, a SOFC can operate with carbon monoxide, synthetic gas and other hydrocarbon fuels. The objective of this thesis is the development of Nickel- (Ni) based anodes for SOFC that can be operated directly with methane without significant deactivation. In the first part of this thesis, the effect of the cell support (i.e. anode- versus electrolyte-supported SOFC) was evaluated. With hydrocarbon fuel (e.g. methane), the type of support plays a significant role in determining the gas-phase composition at the anode functional layer. For the cells that are supported by the anode, Ni in the support catalyzes the cracking and reforming reactions of methane, resulting in a gas-phase composition that is more easily electrochemically oxidized at the anode functional layer. It was shown that methane is not directly converted into electricity, but the electrochemical conversion proceeds through the oxidation of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon. Results show that the surface-chemical reactions play a significant role in determining the electrochemical activity of the anode and, for this reason, the type of support and current collector should be taken into account. Finally, the carbon that forms on a Ni/YSZ is a function of location within the anode. Specifically, the carbon that forms at the anode functional layer is reactive and hydrogenated, while the carbon that forms on the Ni support is stable and causes severe damage to the cell. By replacing the Ni of the anode conduction layer (ACL) with either a metal (Cu) or a perovskite-type material (La03Sr0_7 Ti03), it resulted in much improved stability in methane. The bi-layer anode - Cu/YSZ + Ni/YSZ - was operated at 100 mA cm-2 and 1023 K for nearly 5 days directly with methane. A small quantity of a reactive type of carbon was formed on the Cu/YSZ + Ni/YSZ bi-layer anode, and this carbon did not significantly degrade the cell performance.
A New Approach To Analyzing Solar Coronal Spectra And Updated Collisional Ionization Equilibrium Calculations. II. Updated Ionization Rate Coefficients
Creators: name: Bryans, P.
name: Landi, E.
name: Savin, Daniel Wolf
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Astrophysics
Plasma (Ionized gases)
Physics

description: We have re-analyzed Solar Ultraviolet Measurement of Emitted Radiation (SUMER) observations of a parcel of coronal gas using new collisional ionization equilibrium (CIE) calculations. These improved CIE fractional abundances were calculated using state-of-the-art electron-ion recombination data for K-shell, L-shell, Na-like, and Mg-like ions of all elements from H through Zn and, additionally, Al- through Ar-like ions of Fe. They also incorporate the latest recommended electron impact ionization data for all ions of H through Zn. Improved CIE calculations based on these recombination and ionization data are presented here. We have also developed a new systematic method for determining the average emission measure (EM) and electron temperature (Te ) of an isothermal plasma. With our new CIE data and a new approach for determining average EM and Te , we have re-analyzed SUMER observations of the solar corona. We have compared our results with those of previous studies and found some significant differences for the derived EM and Te . We have also calculated the enhancement of coronal elemental abundances compared to their photospheric abundances, using the SUMER observations themselves to determine the abundance enhancement factor for each of the emitting elements. Our observationally derived first ionization potential factors are in reasonable agreement with the theoretical model of Laming.
Modeling 'hot flow' and 'cold flow' solids deposition from waxy mixtures
Creators: name: Arumugam, Sridhar
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2012

description: Bibliography: p. 144-151
description: This study presents a mathematical model, based on moving boundary formulation, for solids deposition from 'waxy' mixtures. An experimental study was undertaken to measure the wax precipitation temperature (WPT) of several compositions of a multi-component 'waxy' mixture, at controlled cooling rates. The results of this study indicated the WPT of a 'waxy' mixture is not a constant property, as it varied with the cooling rate. The mathematical model was used to describe the static cooling of 'waxy' mixtures in a cylindrical vessel. The predictions for the liquid region, deposit region temperature profile, the deposit layer growth and the location of the liquid-deposit interface were validated with recent experimental results. The model was extended for studying wax deposition from 'waxy' mixtures under turbulent flow, in radial direction in a circular pipe. The effects of various operating parameters on the wax deposit thickness during "hot flow" and "cold flow" scenarios were investigated. The model predictions indicated a higher value of mixture temperature, pipe wall temperature, and heat transfer coefficient yield a thinner deposit at steady state. The mathematical model was further extended for solids deposition from 'waxy' mixtures under turbulent flow in a pipeline. Predictions were obtained for the deposit growth with time, both radially and axially in the pipeline, under 'hot flow' and 'cold flow' conditions. The results of this study suggest that solids deposition, in pipelines carrying 'waxy' mixtures under turbulent flow, could be decreased by maintaining the flow under 'cold flow' conditions. This study provides further confirmation that solids deposition from 'waxy' mixtures or crude oils can be modeled satisfactorily as a thermally-driven process.
Fidelity susceptibility in the two-dimensional spin-orbit models
Creators: name: You, Wen-Long
name: Dong, Yu-Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the quantum phase transitions in the two-dimensional spin-orbit models in terms of fidelity susceptibility and reduced fidelity susceptibility. An order-to-order phase transition is identified by fidelity susceptibility in the two-dimensional Heisenberg XXZ model with Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interaction on a square lattice. The finite size scaling of fidelity susceptibility shows a power-law divergence at criticality, which indicates the quantum phase transition is of second order. Two distinct types of quantum phase transitions are witnessed by fidelity susceptibility in Kitaev-Heisenberg model on a hexagonal lattice. We exploit the symmetry of two-dimensional quantum compass model, and obtain a simple analytic expression of reduced fidelity susceptibility. Compared with the derivative of ground-state energy, the fidelity susceptibility is a bit more sensitive to phase transition. The violation of power-law behavior for the scaling of reduced fidelity susceptibility at criticality suggests that the quantum phase transition belongs to a first-order transition. We conclude that fidelity susceptibility and reduced fidelity susceptibility show great advantage to characterize diverse quantum phase transitions in spin-orbit models.
description: 11 pages. 11 figures
Amtliche Mitteilungen der Technischen Universität Dortmund Nr. 4/2019
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 080

description: Ordnung zur Änderung der Prüfungsordnung für den Bachelorstudiengang Raumplanung der Fakultät Raumplanung an der Technischen Universität Dortmund vom 30. Januar 2019
description: Neubekanntmachung der Prüfungsordnung für den Bachelorstudiengang Raumplanung der Fakultät Raumplanung an der Technischen Universität Dortmund vom 30. Januar 2019
description: Amtliche Mitteilungen der Technischen Universität Dortmund;2019,4
Two-phase flow in smooth and rough walled single fracture
Creators: name: Al-Turki, Ali Ahmed Bakeer
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2012

description: Bibliography: p. 170-172
description: Most pages are in colour.
description: The research documented in this thesis describes an experimental study of co-current flow of oil and water in neutrally wet smooth and rough-walled single fractures. The fracture is modelled as a thin gap as is used in a Hele-Shaw cell. The focus of the investigation is on the impact of fracture inclination angle and flow direction, phase flow rate ratios, flow regime, and fracture wall roughness on the interference of oil and water flow in the gap as measured by relative permeabilities for oil and water. Four inclination angles were examined: 0° (horizontal), 30°, 60°, and 90° (vertical); the non-zero ones were evaluated for both up-dip and down-dip flow directions making the total number of inclination-flow configurations equal to seven. For each of the fracture configurations considered, the flow rate ratios of oil and water were adjusted to determine impact on flow regime and phase interference. Another set of experiments was performed on artificially roughened single fractures to examine how oil and water phases respond and interact with the fracture walls. For the smooth-walled experiments, the nominal gaps studied were equal to 0.127, 0.254, and 0.381 mm. In the rough-walled experiments, the nominal gaps were equal to 0.381 and 1.25 mm. To examine the effect of the initial fluid filling the gap, a set of water-saturated smooth and rough-walled experiments were also conducted. In these experiments, the gap was nominally equal to 0.254 and 0.381 mm in the smooth-walled fractures, whereas it was 1.25 mm in the rough-walled fracture. In summary, the results of the experiments demonstrated that the relative permeability of oil and water exhibited variations in shape and extent indicating the effects of phase interference and phase saturation hysteresis. Roughness of the gap impacted the flow by amplifying phase interference and changing the shape and end-points of the relative permeability to oil and water. Fractal analysis of the flow patterns observed in the experiments revealed the complexity the flow of oil and water in a Hele-Shaw cell. The tortuosity, derived from the fractal analysis, showed that the channel tortuosity increases with increasing wall roughness and smaller fracture gaps. The computed tortuosity values are found to be much greater than unity. To better understand the nature of the two-phase flow in the gaps, two-phase relative permeability models (X-curve model, Corey, viscous coupling model, homogenous single-phase approach, and saturation exponent model) were fitted against the experimental relative permeability data. The fits to the models reveal that there is no single model that best fits the experimental data. However, reasonable fits were obtained with the saturation exponent model and homogeneous single-phase approach. In some cases, the viscous coupling model provided a good fit. The other models poorly fitted the experimental relative permeability data.
Exiting a Lawless State
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
name: Hoff, Karla
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Economics

description: An earlier paper showed that an economy could be trapped in an equilibrium state in which the absence of the rule of law led to asset-stripping and the prevalence of asset-stripping led to the absence of a demand for the rule of law, highlighting a coordination failure. This article looks more carefully at the dynamics of transition from a non-rule-of-law state. The article identifies a commitment problem as the critical feature inhibiting the transition: the inability, under a rule of law, to forgive theft. This can lead to the perpetuation of the non-rule-of-law state, even when it might seem that the alternative is Pareto-improving.
Rethinking the Paradigm for Child Protection
Creators: name: Waldfogel, Jane
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1998
Subjects: Families

description: Mounting pressures on the nation's system for helping children who are abused and neglected have prompted new efforts to reform the child protective services (CPS) system to better protect children's safety. As this article explains, current reform efforts are focusing on the "front end" of the system, in which reports of abuse and neglect are screened and investigated, and caseworkers recommend whether and when to close a case, provide in-home services, or remove a child from a home. This article discusses the problems of the CPS system that are currently receiving attention, and it closely examines one proposal for reform—the community-based partnership for child protection. This approach emphasizes targeting investigations by CPS toward only high-risk families, building collaborative community networks that can serve lower-risk families, and providing a differentiated response to both high- and low-risk families that is tailored to each family's situation. Early experiences implementing these ideas in Missouri, Florida, and Iowa illustrate the promise and challenges of reform.
Sex differences in intimate relationships
Creators: name: Palchykov, Vasyl
name: Kaski, Kimmo
name: Kertész, János
name: Barabási, Albert-László
name: Dunbar, Robin I. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Social networks have turned out to be of fundamental importance both for our understanding human sociality and for the design of digital communication technology. However, social networks are themselves based on dyadic relationships and we have little understanding of the dynamics of close relationships and how these change over time. Evolutionary theory suggests that, even in monogamous mating systems, the pattern of investment in close relationships should vary across the lifespan when post-weaning investment plays an important role in maximising fitness. Mobile phone data sets provide us with a unique window into the structure of relationships and the way these change across the lifespan. We here use data from a large national mobile phone dataset to demonstrate striking sex differences in the pattern in the gender-bias of preferred relationships that reflect the way the reproductive investment strategies of the two sexes change across the lifespan: these differences mainly reflect women's shifting patterns of investment in reproduction and parental care. These results suggest that human social strategies may have more complex dynamics than we have tended to assume and a life-history perspective may be crucial for understanding them.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, contains electronic supplementary material
Visualization of reasoning and clinical diagnostic decision making
Creators: name: Altabbaa, Ghazwan
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2012

description: Bibliography: p. 105-109
description: A few pages are in colour.
description: Includes copy of ethics approval. Original copy with original Partial Copyright Licence.
description: Background: There is little evidence regarding the effects of reasoning visualization decision support aids on the quality of clinicians' diagnostic decisions. Methods: To address this evidence gap, we conducted a randomized-controlled study involving 30 participating clinicians from three levels of experience: medical students, residents, and physicians. Two interventions designed to improve the diagnostic approach to pulmonary embolism were assessed: a visualization reasoning task model vs. more traditional didactic lecture. All participants were requested to solve paper-based clinical scenarios. The primary outcome of diagnostic pathway concordance ( derived as a ratio of the number of correct diagnostic decision steps divided by the ideal number of diagnostic decision steps in diagnostic algorithms) was measured at baseline (5 clinical scenarios) and after either intervention. Results: The mean of diagnostic pathway concordance improved in both study groups: baseline mean= 0.73, post mean (scenarios 1-10) for the decision support group = 0.90 (p < 0.001, 95% CI: 0.08-0.24); baseline mean= 0.70, post mean (scenarios 1-10) for didactic review group= 0.85 (p < 0.001, 95% CI: 0.06-0.2). There was no statistically significant difference between the two study groups, or between the three levels of participants. Conclusions: Clinical decision support aids that are designed with an evidence­based visual reasoning interface can improve clinicians' diagnostic pathway concordance. To the extent that such decision support aids can feasibly be implemented in clinical settings, while didactic lectures at crucial moments in patient care cannot, they have potential advantages over the latter.
Oil and natural gas industry conservation measures to protect the Greater Sage-Grouse
Creators: name: Meinhart, Brian
name: Riley, Terry
name: International Wildlife Ranching Symposium, Producer
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Wildlife management -- Congresses
subject: Range management -- Congresses

description: Moderator: Terry Riley.
description: Presented at the 8th international congress for wildlife and livelihoods on private and communal lands: livestock, tourism, and spirit, that was held on September 7-12, 2014 in Estes Park, Colorado.
description: The potential listing of the Greater Sage-Grouse under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (the Service) is a major cause for concern for communities throughout the West. As the species inhabits 53 million acres in eleven western states, a listing of the sage-grouse would significantly impact a number of public land uses including agriculture, mining, recreation, and oil and natural gas exploration and production. These uses are not only important to the modern economic viability of western communities, but are part of the historic fabric of the West and a key component of our heritage. The Service has repeatedly stressed its preference for mandatory conservation measures, which it states will provide the regulatory certainty needed to ensure that protective measures actually occur. The oil and natural gas industry has for years committed to a wide range of mandatory efforts to avoid, minimize, and mitigate impacts to the Greater Sage-Grouse and its habitat on public lands. These commitments are identified during the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) process, and specify the terms under which an oil and natural gas project may move forward, thereby providing the regulatory certainty that the Service is looking for. Our presentation at the Wildlife Congress will feature a recent study by SWCA Environmental Consultants for Western Energy Alliance, which documents and quantifies these conservation measures. Specifically, the study shows that the existing NEPA process provides a robust regulatory mechanism for the protection of the sage-grouse, illustrates the effectiveness of those measures, and posits that oil and natural gas development and the conservation of the Greater Sage-Grouse in the West are mutually achievable goals. We hope this information will prove useful to the Service in the listing decision process, and along with other stakeholder-driven conservation efforts, demonstrate that the species and the western way of life can both thrive without the necessity of an ESA listing.
The Fall of Wall Street
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Economics

description: Globalization may not be coming apart at the seams--yet--but the seams are ever more apparent. Rising fuel prices challenge a model of global transportation based on cheap energy, reinforcing the possibility of decoupling through great regionalization of trade. Already, 50 percent of trade among ASEAN plus China and Japan is among each other. The Wall Street meltdown has spread a lack of confidence in the American financial system and the model of deregulation which stimulated rapid globalization of capital flows. Along with other developments, all this raises the question of whether the United States is prepared to operate successfully in a world it no longer dominates. An anti-globalization leader, a former US labor secretary, a top American intellectual and a Nobel laureate address these issues.
title: Gaming in Radiology: a complete guide of ideas to enhance your lectures
Creators: name: Marco De Lucas, Enrique
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Workforce
subject: Education
subject: Image manipulation / Reconstruction
subject: Radiographers
subject: Professional Issues
subject: Not applicable

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To review some of the most popular and useful quizzes and games to be included in a lecture of a meeting to enhance the participation of the attendants. To analyze some pros and cons of the different options based on different kind of meetings and...
Strategic studies and cyberspace: Iranian political unrest on Twitter
Creators: name: Saint-Louis, Herve
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2011

description: Bibliography: p. 140-153
description: How could a Website about nothing, where people post short messages no longer than 140 characters could have become the conduit through which information about ongoing political unrest in a land foreign to most westerners become so important? Iranians were comparatively late as Cyberspace participants. Blogging only started in late 2001. But within a few months, the Iranian output in Cyberspace became voluminous. Iranians of all ages and creeds had found one place where they could express their political, views, discuss their country's rich and extensive literature, study religious texts and communicate with one another often bypassing the Iranian authorities' control of other media. This vibrant online activity was generated by Iranians for Iranians. Even through social networks, Iranians continued to speak to one another and generally not with outsiders. When Twitter became the last conduit, inconveniently forgotten by Iranian authorities in anticipation of the 2009 Iranian presidential election, many Iranians went to Twitter to express their dissatisfaction with the electoral results that made incumbent President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad the winner. This study argues that the very act of going online and disagreeing with the electoral results by Iranian dissidents was a war of ideas. Wars of ideas are cyber threats that can be studied within cyber security. Cyber threats are based on information systems and information content. Information content is about cyber influence and wars of ideas that can change people's opinions. But before one can understand what cyber threats, influence and attacks are, one needs to understand what cyber security is and how it exists within the field of strategic studies.
Complex dynamics of a diffusive modified Holling-Tanner predator-prey model
Creators: name: Arancibia-Ibarra, Claudio
name: Heijster, Peter Van
name: Flores, Jose
name: Bode, Michael
name: Pettet, Graeme
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2019

description: In this work, we consider temporal and spatio-temporal Holling-Tanner predator-prey models with an alternative food for the predator. From our result of the temporal model, we identify regions in parameter space in which Turing instability in the spatio-temporal model are expected. Subsequently, we analyse these instabilities. We use simulations to illustrate the behaviour of both the temporal and spatio-temporal model.
Plant community relationships to soil properties and topography in a southern interior BC grassland : a refinement
Creators: name: Lee, Robert N.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The grasslands of British Columbia, Canada are an asset to the province’s biodiversity, economy, natural beauty, and recreation. Since the late 1800s, these areas have been largely modified and reduced, and they are currently threatened by climate change and exotic plant invasions. The ability of land managers to adapt to the effects of climate change and plant invasion depends on having the best possible understanding of these systems; however, little quantitative information is available on the strength of relationships between topography, soil properties, and plant community composition. I collected data on plant communities, selected soil properties, and topography on 31 sites in Lac du Bois Provincial Grasslands Park in southern interior British Columbia during May-July 2010. Cluster analysis (UPGMA) and multi-response permutation procedures (MRPP) of my data produced more homogeneous groups of sites by vegetation (A=0.29, p=0.001) and soil properties (A=0.22, p=0.001) than for two currently used grassland classification systems that are based on elevation ranges (A=0.17, p=0.001; A=0.15, p=0.001). Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMS) confirmed the distinctiveness in overall species composition and main environmental correlates for the three main plant communities: bluebunch wheatgrass/big sage, bluebunch wheatgrass/rough fescue, and rough fescue/Kentucky bluegrass. The Mantel (multivariate) correlation between plant community composition and soil properties was stronger on north-facing sites (0.58) than on south-facing sites (0.19), while the Mantel correlation between topography and soil properties was stronger on south-facing sites (0.38) than on north-facing sites (n.s.). These correlations indicate stronger plant-soil feedbacks on north-facing slopes, while on south-facing slopes the effect of slope angle on heat and desiccation stress is the most important factor shaping plant communities. The highest occurrences of invasive species in the study area were at the higher elevations, likely in response to increasing precipitation, lower temperatures, and higher soil fertility at the higher elevations. The information provided in this thesis can aid land managers by adding to current knowledge about the relationships between plant communities, soil properties, and topography, which is important for predicting effects of future climate change and the spread of invasive plant species.
The $3 Trillion War
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Economics

description: An interview with Joseph Stiglitz, the author of "The Three Trillion Dollar War: The True Cost of the Iraq Conflict," is presented. He says that the Iraq war has created a great impact to the U.S. economy, and cites that the said war has cost a total of $3 trillion in the country including the off-budget costs of long term veteran benefits and the considerable costs of troop withdrawal in Iraq. Meanwhile, he comments on the statement of John McCain on security.