cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Protein Design with Guided Discrete Diffusion
Creators: name: Gruver, Nate
name: Stanton, Samuel
name: Frey, Nathan C.
name: Rudner, Tim G. J.
name: Hotzel, Isidro
name: Lafrance-Vanasse, Julien
name: Rajpal, Arvind
name: Cho, Kyunghyun
name: Wilson, Andrew Gordon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: A popular approach to protein design is to combine a generative model with a discriminative model for conditional sampling. The generative model samples plausible sequences while the discriminative model guides a search for sequences with high fitness. Given its broad success in conditional sampling, classifier-guided diffusion modeling is a promising foundation for protein design, leading many to develop guided diffusion models for structure with inverse folding to recover sequences. In this work, we propose diffusioN Optimized Sampling (NOS), a guidance method for discrete diffusion models that follows gradients in the hidden states of the denoising network. NOS makes it possible to perform design directly in sequence space, circumventing significant limitations of structure-based methods, including scarce data and challenging inverse design. Moreover, we use NOS to generalize LaMBO, a Bayesian optimization procedure for sequence design that facilitates multiple objectives and edit-based constraints. The resulting method, LaMBO-2, enables discrete diffusions and stronger performance with limited edits through a novel application of saliency maps. We apply LaMBO-2 to a real-world protein design task, optimizing antibodies for higher expression yield and binding affinity to several therapeutic targets under locality and developability constraints, attaining a 99% expression rate and 40% binding rate in exploratory in vitro experiments.
Money As Infrastructure
Creators: name: Ricks, Morgan
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2019

description: Traditional infrastructure regulation–the law of regulated industries–rests atop three pillars: rate regulation, entry restriction, and universal service. This mode of regulation has typically been applied to providers of network-type resources: resources that are optimally supplied as integrated systems. The monetary system is such a resource; and money creation is the distinctive function of banks. Bank regulation can therefore be understood as a subfield of infrastructure regulation. With few exceptions, modern academic treatments of banking have emphasizes banks’ intermediation function and downplayed or ignored their monetary function. Concomitantly, in recent decades U.S. bank regulation has strayed from its infrastructural roots. This regulatory drift has been unwise.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2018 No. 3
Quantum Electronic Circuits for Multicritical Ising Models
Creators: name: Roy, Ananda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multicritical Ising models and their perturbations are paradigmatic models of statistical mechanics. In two space-time dimensions, these models provide a fertile testbed for investigation of numerous non-perturbative problems in strongly-interacting quantum field theories. In this work, analog superconducting quantum electronic circuit simulators are described for the realization of these multicritical Ising models. The latter arise as perturbations of the quantum sine-Gordon model with $p$-fold degenerate minima, $p =2, 3,4,\ldots$. The corresponding quantum circuits are constructed with Josephson junctions with $\cos(nϕ+ δ_n)$ potential with $1\leq n\leq p$ and $δ_n\in[-π,π]$. The simplest case, $p = 2$, corresponds to the quantum Ising model and can be realized using conventional Josephson junctions and the so-called $0-π$ qubits. The lattice models for the Ising and tricritical Ising models are analyzed numerically using the density matrix renormalization group technique. Evidence for the multicritical phenomena are obtained from computation of entanglement entropy of a subsystem and correlation functions of relevant lattice operators. The proposed quantum circuits provide a systematic approach for controlled numerical and experimental investigation of a wide-range of non-perturbative phenomena occurring in low-dimensional quantum field theories.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
CP 2021 Tutorial: Visualization for Constraint Programming
Creators: name: Simonis, Helmut
name: Tack, Guido
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Constraint Programming, Visualization, Scheduling, MiniZinc, Search Tree, Optimization, Methodology

description: Visualization is probably the most powerful tool to help develop, test and improve Constraint Programming solutions. Many different tools and methods have been developed in the past to understand constraint propagation, the shape of the search tree, or properties of solutions. This tutorial will present past approaches, the tools currently available, and describe a methodology to use visualization throughout the development process. We will give examples of the use of visualization for small and large projects, and show which questions during development of a solution can be addressed by existing or custom visualizations.
description: The tutorial will be presented at CP 2021, the 27th International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming.
Additional file 1 of LRRC superfamily expression in stromal cells predicts the clinical prognosis and platinum resistance of ovarian cancer
Creators: name: Zhu, Xiaoying
name: You, Shijing
name: Du, Xiuzhen
name: Song, Kejuan
name: Lv, Teng
name: Zhao, Han
name: Yao, Qin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1 Independent sample T test results of PDPN and LRRC15 mRNA expression in TGF-beta treated and untreated MRC5 cell.
Two-Parameter Method for Describing the Nonlinear Evolution of Narrow-Band Wave Trains
Creators: name: Lukomsky, V. P.
name: Gandzha, I. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the evolution of narrow-band wave trains of finite amplitude in a nonlinear dispersive system which is described by the Klein--Gordon equation with arbitrary polynomial nonlinearity. We use a new perturbative technique which allows the original wave equation to be reduced to a model equation for the wave train envelope (high-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation). The time derivative is expanded into an asymptotic series in two independent parameters which characterize the smallness of amplitudes ($\varepsilon$) and the slowness of their spatial variations ($μ$). In contrast to other perturbative methods in which these two parameters are taken equal (e.g., the multiple scale method), the two-parameter method produces no secular terms. The results of this study can be applied to investigating the propagation of ultrashort (femtosecond) pulses in optical fibers, to studying the wave events on a fluid surface, and to describing the Langmuir waves in hot plasmas.
On The Interaction of Gravitational Waves with Magnetic and Electric Fields
Creators: name: Barrabes, C.
name: Hogan, P. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The existence of large--scale magnetic fields in the universe has led to the observation that if gravitational waves propagating in a cosmological environment encounter even a small magnetic field then electromagnetic radiation is produced. To study this phenomenon in more detail we take it out of the cosmological context and at the same time simplify the gravitational radiation to impulsive waves. Specifically, to illustrate our findings, we describe the following three physical situations: (1) a cylindrical impulsive gravitational wave propagating into a universe with a magnetic field, (2) an axially symmetric impulsive gravitational wave propagating into a universe with an electric field and (3) a `spherical' impulsive gravitational wave propagating into a universe with a small magnetic field. In cases (1) and (3) electromagnetic radiation is produced behind the gravitational wave. In case (2) no electromagnetic radiation appears after the wave unless a current is established behind the wave breaking the Maxwell vacuum. In all three cases the presence of the magnetic or electric fields results in a modification of the amplitude of the incoming gravitational wave which is explicitly calculated using the Einstein--Maxwell vacuum field equations.
description: 15 pages, Latex file, accepted for publication in Physical Review D
A Transaction Cost Assessment of SEC Regulation Best Interest
Creators: name: Johnsen, D. Bruce
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2019

description: The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) is required to provide an economic analysis of proposed regulations and to show they plausibly meet a cost-benefit test. It recently proposed Regulation Best Interest (RBI) to replace the longstanding suitability rule for securities brokers when providing their retail clients with incidental investment advice. Despite a dearth of empirical support, the proposing release concludes that a best interest standard would better mitigate the conflicts of interest brokers face between providing their clients with impartial advice and inflating their own compensation. The empirical vacuum is a result of the SEC’s failure to ask the right economic questions, which Nobel laureate Ronald Coase raised over half a century ago: why does the rule of liability matter? What transaction costs prevent parties–who in this setting negotiate face-to-face–from correcting any market failure through private ordering? This essay provides a transaction cost assessment of RBI and concludes that a far more thorough economic analysis is necessary to justify imposing a best interest standard on retail brokers.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2018 No. 3
Electrically controlled superconducting states at the heterointerface SrTiO$_3$/LaAlO$_3$
Creators: name: Yada, Keiji
name: Onari, Seiichiro
name: Tanaka, Yukio
name: Inoue, Jun-ichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the symmetry of Cooper pair in a two-dimensional Hubbard model with the Rashba-type spin-orbit interaction as a minimal model of electron gas generated at a heterointerface of SrTiO$_3$/LaAlO$_3$. Solving the Eliashberg equation based on the third-order perturbation theory, we find that the gap function consists of the mixing of the spin-singlet $d_{xy}$-wave component and the spin-triplet $(p_x\pm ip_y)$-wave one due to the broken inversion symmetry originating from the Rashba-type spin-orbit interaction. The ratio of the d-wave and the p-wave component continuously changes with the carrier concentration. We propose that the pairing symmetry is controlled by tuning the gate voltage.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures; added references
Ajakvideó alapú beszédszintézis konvolúciós és rekurrens mély neurális hálózatokkal
Creators: name: Rácz, Bianka
name: Csapó, Tamás Gábor
Publisher: name: Nyelvtudományi Intézet, Eötvös Loránd Kutatási Hálózat (ELKH)
Year: 2020

description: Articulatory-to-acoustic mapping methods have the aim to convert articulatory movement to acoustic speech signal. For articulatory acquisition, complex techniques (e.g. ultrasound, MRI) are suitable – but also, the lip movement contains relevant information about the speech sounds. There have been several studies applying deep neural networks for the lip-to-speech problem, and also for automatic lipreading. Inspired by the earlier studies, in this paper we designed and implemented models that can generate spectral parameters of speech from lip videos. Later, from the predicted spectral parameters, we synthesized the speech using a vocoder. For the experiments, we used 1000 sentences from a male English speaker of the GRID audiovisual database, which contains video from the face of speakers, and synchronous speech. Based on the literature, we extended the baseline deep neural network model and identified two models that use convolutional and recurrent layers. The convolutional network has single images as input, whereas the recurrent network can take into account the sequential nature of the input data: it has eight consecutive face images as input. We compared these two new models to the original baseline model in a multi-step experiment. In an objective test, we generated speech by the vocoder and by the DNN models. We calculated the Mel Cepstral Distortion between synthesized and reference sentences and found that the recurrent model has signiﬁcantly lower error than the baseline FC-DNN, while the output of the convolutional model was not better. After this, we collected several subjects’ opinions during an online subjective test. They had to evaluate how natural the speech utterances they heard sounded. Similarly to the objective experiment, in the subjective test the recurrent neural network (which takes eight consecutive images as input) was preferred. The results might be useful for application in Silent Speech Interfaces or for lipreading systems.
Perceptual Requirements for World-Locked Rendering in AR and VR
Creators: name: Guan, Phillip
name: Penner, Eric
name: Hegland, Joel
name: Letham, Benjamin
name: Lanman, Douglas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Stereoscopic, head-tracked display systems can show users realistic, world-locked virtual objects and environments. However, discrepancies between the rendering pipeline and physical viewing conditions can lead to perceived instability in the rendered content resulting in reduced immersion and, potentially, visually-induced motion sickness. Precise requirements to achieve perceptually stable world-locked rendering (WLR) are unknown due to the challenge of constructing a wide field of view, distortion-free display with highly accurate head and eye tracking. We present a system capable of rendering virtual objects over real-world references without perceivable drift under such constraints. This platform is used to study acceptable errors in render camera position for WLR in augmented and virtual reality scenarios, where we find an order of magnitude difference in perceptual sensitivity. We conclude with an analytic model which examines changes to apparent depth and visual direction in response to camera displacement errors.
Rana variabilis Wied.
Creators: name: Müller, F
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1885
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Amphibia
Anura
Ranidae
Rana
Rana variabilis

description: Spilotes variabilis Wied.
adult.
Brasilien v. H. Prof. F Burckhardt. [1]
description: Published as part of Müller, F, 1885, Vierter Nachtrag zum Katalogder herpetologischen Sammlung des Basler Museums, pp. 668-717 in Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel. 7 (3) on page 681, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.part.2388, http://zenodo.org/record/15183591
Business Disputes Over Social Media Accounts
Creators: name: McGarvey Hidy, Kathleen
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2018

description: This Article examines the risk exposure of business organizations involved in disputes over rights in social media accounts. The complexity of both the legal rights asserted and the judicial rationales used to adjudicate these rights triggers unique risks for business organizations. Increasingly, business organizations rely on social media outreach to perform core business operations such as advertising, marketing, marketing intelligence, and sales. These uses engender litigation and create judicial precedent in which courts struggle to define and delineate the legal rights and remedies applicable to these disputes. There are unresolved legal issues resulting from conflicting analytical frameworks advocated by litigants and used by courts to adjudicate these disputes. Operating in this complicated legal environment poses unique risks for business organizations. This Article analyzes those risks and proposes risk mitigation strategies.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2018 No. 2
Anisotropic non-Gaussianity from vector field perturbations
Creators: name: Karciauskas, Mindaugas
name: Dimopoulos, Konstantinos
name: Lyth, David H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We suppose that a vector field perturbation causes part of the primordial curvature perturbation. The non-Gaussianity parameter fNL is then, in general, statistically anisotropic. We calculate its form and magnitude in the curvaton scenario and in the end-of-inflation scenario. We show that this anisotropy could easily be observable.
description: 10 pages; v2: minor sign mistake corrected which affected Eqs. (18), (28) and (29)
Addressing the Failure of Anonymization
Creators: name: Brasher, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2018

description: It is common practice for companies to “anonymize” the consumer data that they collect. In fact, U.S. data protection laws and Federal Trade Commission guidelines encourage the practice of anonymization by exempting anonymized data from the privacy and data security requirements they impose. Anonymization involves removing personally identifiable information (“PII”) from a dataset so that, in theory, the data cannot be traced back to its data subjects. In practice, however, anonymization fails to irrevocably protect consumer privacy due to the potential for deanonymization—the linking of anonymized data to auxiliary information to re-identify data subjects. Because U.S. data protection laws provide safe harbors for anonymized data, re-identified data subjects receive no statutory privacy protections at all—a fact that is particularly troublesome given consumers’ dependence on technology and today’s climate of ubiquitous data collection. By adopting an all-or-nothing approach to anonymization, the United States has created no means of incentivizing the practice of anonymization while still providing data subjects statutory protections. This Note argues that the United States should look to the risk-based approach taken by the European Union under the General Data Protection Regulation. Their data protection laws utilize multiple tiers of anonymization, which vary in their potential for deanonymization. Under this approach, pseudonymized data—i.e., certain data that has had PII removed but can still be linked to auxiliary information to re-identify data subjects—falls within the scope of the governing law, but receives relaxed requirements designed to incentivize pseudonymization and thereby reduce the risk of data subject identification. This approach both strikes a balance between data privacy and data utility, and affords data subjects the benefit of anonymity in addition to statutory protections ranging from choice to transparency.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2018 No. 1
Synchronous oscillatory electro-inertial focusing of microparticles
Creators: name: Vishwanathan, Giridar
name: Juarez, Gabriel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here, results are presented on the focusing of $1 \ μ$m polystyrene particle suspensions using a synchronous oscillatory pressure-driven flow and oscillatory electric field in a microfluidic device. The effect of the phase difference between the oscillatory fields on the focusing position and focusing efficiency was investigated. The focusing position of negatively charged polystyrene particles could be tuned anywhere between the channel centerline to the channel walls. Similarly, the focusing efficiency could range from $20\%$ up to $90\%$, depending on the phase difference, for particle Reynolds numbers of order $O(10^{-4})$. The migration velocity profile was measured and the peak velocity was found to scale linearly with both the oscillatory pressure-driven flow amplitude and oscillatory electric field amplitude. Furthermore, the average migration velocity was observed to scale with the cosine of the phase difference between the fields, indicating the coupled non-linear nature of the phenomenon. Lastly, the peak migration velocity was measured for different particle radii and found to have an inverse relation, where the velocity increased with decreasing particle radius for identical conditions.
Federal Fiduciary Duties and Private Equity
Creators: name: Nadler, Samuel
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2018

description: The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act drastically changed the financial regulatory landscape in the United States. One noteworthy change was a near-elimination of the so-called “private adviser” exemption to the Investment Advisors Act of 1940. The biggest beneficiaries of this exemption were private equity sponsors and hedge fund managers. A result of this change is that most private equity fund advisers and hedge fund managers must now register as investment advisers with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) under the Investment Advisers Act and are subject to a myriad of rules and regulations. The focus of this Note is the application of the fiduciary duties governing advisers required to register under the Investment Advisers Act to private equity sponsors. Problematically, these fiduciary duties do not emanate from the Act itself, but are the result of judicial interpretation. Largely because of this genesis, the substance of advisers’ fiduciary duties remains unclear. Importantly for private equity advisers, the bounds of their fiduciary duties were developed in the context of industries vastly different from modern private equity. This Note argues that the existing “one-size-fits-all” scheme of fiduciary regulation under the Investment Advisers Act is inappropriate for the private equity industry. It examines three recent SEC orders against major industry players for violations of their fiduciary duties under the Investment Advisers Act and notes both their inconsistency and lack of guidance. Instead of this byzantine system of fiduciary regulation, a contractarian model would better serve both private equity sponsors and investors by allowing the parties themselves to define the bounds of the fiduciary relationship. This approach best reflects the bargaining power and financial sophistication of the parties and encourages the continued growth of the private equity industry.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2018 No. 1
Spin-torque generation by dc or ac voltages in magnetic layered structures
Creators: name: Romeo, F.
name: Citro, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A general expression of the current induced spin torque in a magnetic layered structure in the presence of external dc or ac voltages is derived in the framework of the scattering matrix approach. A detailed analysis is performed for a magnetic-nonmagnetic-magnetic trilayer connected to external leads in the presence of dc voltage bias in the ballistic regime. Alternatively, the possibility of producing spin torque by means of the adiabatic ac modulation of external gate voltages (quantum pumping) is proposed and discussed.
The Galactic structure and chemical evolution traced by the population of planetary nebulae
Creators: name: Stanghellini, L.
name: Haywood, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use an extended and homogeneous data set of Galactic planetary nebulae (PNe) to study the metallicity gradients and the Galactic structure and evolution. The most up-to-date abundances, distances (calibrated with Magellanic Cloud PNe) have been employed, together with a novel homogeneous morphological classification, to characterize the different PN populations. We confirm that morphological classes have a strong correlation with PN Peimbert's Type, and also with their distribution on the Galactic landscape. We studied the alpha-element distribution within the Galactic disk, and found that the best selected disk population, together with the most reliable PN distance scale yields to a radial oxygen gradient of d[log(O/H)]/dR=-0.023 +- 0.006 dex/ kpc for the whole disk sample, and of d[log(O/H)]/dR= -0.035+-0.024, -0.023+-0.005, and -0.011+-0.013 dex/kpc respectively for Type I, II, and III PNe. Neon gradients for the same PN types confirm the trend. Accurate statistical analysis show moderately high uncertainties in the slopes, but also confirm the trend of steeper gradient for PNe with more massive progenitors, indicating a possible steepening with time of the Galactic disk metallicity gradient. The PN metallicity gradients presented here are consistent with the local metallicity distribution; furthermore, oxygen gradients determined with young and intermediate age PNe show good consistency with oxygen gradients derived respectively from other young (OB stars, HII regions) and intermediate (open cluster) Galactic populations. We also extend the Galactic metallicity gradient comparison by revisiting the open cluster [Fe/H] data from high resolution spectroscopy. The analysis suggests that they could be compliant with the same general picture of a steepening of gradient with time.
description: ApJ, in press
On the existence of nef-partitions for smooth well-formed Fano weighted complete intersections
Creators: name: Ovcharenko, Mikhail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14J45, 14J32

description: A nef-partition for a weighted complete intersection is a combinatorial structure on its weights and degrees which is important for Mirror Symmetry. It is known that nef-partitions exist for smooth well-formed Fano weighted complete intersections of small dimension or codimension, and that in these cases they are strong in the sense that they can be realized as fibers of morphisms of weighted simplicial complexes, i.e., finite abstract simplicial complexes equipped with a weight function.
 It was conjectured that this approach can be extended to the case of arbitrary codimension. We show that in the case of any codimension greater than 3 strong nef-partitions may not exist, and provide a sufficient combinatorial condition for existence of a strong nef-partition in terms of weights.
 We also show that the combinatorics of smooth well-formed weighted complete intersections can be arbitrarily complicated from the point of view of simplicial geometry.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures. Final version, to appear in SEMR
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ В ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ ПРОЕКТНОГО ОБУЧЕНИЯ РУССКОГО РОМАНТИЗМА
Creators: name: Статья магистрантa 1-курса Норкулова Шухрата Обучение по специальности – Родной язык и литература (литература) Джизакский государсвенный педагогический университет им.А. Кадыри
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: В статье анализируется интеграция информационных технологий (ИТ) в процесс организации проектного обучения по теме русского романтизма. Рассматриваются теоретико-методологические основания проектного метода и возможности его синтеза с цифровыми инструментами. Обоснована значимость применения ИТ на различных этапах проектной деятельности, включая разработку интерактивных карт, использование цифровых образовательных платформ и мультимедийных ресурсов. Проведён анализ результатов внедрения ИТ в образовательный процесс, выявлены ключевые преимущества и ограничения. Сделан вывод о потенциале информационных технологий для формирования исследовательской компетентности и углублённого осмысления литературного материала.

Ключевые слова: интерактивные карты, цифровые инструменты, виртуальные экскурсии, исследовательская деятельность, информационные технологии, проектное обучение, русский романтизм, цифровые платформы, мультимедийные ресурсы, образовательные технологии, междисциплинарный подход, цифровизация образования
A Trinity of Interpretations
Creators: name: Pouliot, Darren
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2018

description: In 2015, the Third Circuit took a rare opportunity to consider the meaning of SEC Rule 14a-8(i)(7), which allows shareholder proposals which address ordinary business matters to be excluded from a proxy statement unless they target matters of sufficiently significant social policy. In doing so, a split panel broke from decades of SEC practice and provoked a response from the Division of Corporate Finance, which is charged with the Rule’s application. The Division attempted—and failed—to clarify what it understands the social policy exception to require. This Note analyzes the Division’s practice since its confused response to determine whether its interpretation of the significant social policy exception has changed.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2018 No. 1
Jet-induced cratering of a granular surface with application to lunar spaceports
Creators: name: Metzger, Philip T.
name: Immer, Christopher D.
name: Donahue, Carly M.
name: Vu, Bruce M.
name: Latta, Robert C.
name: Deyo-Svendsen, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The erosion of lunar soil by rocket exhaust plumes is investigated experimentally. This has identified the diffusion-driven flow in the bulk of the sand as an important but previously unrecognized mechanism for erosion dynamics. It has also shown that slow regime cratering is governed by the recirculation of sand in the widening geometry of the crater. Scaling relationships and erosion mechanisms have been characterized in detail for the slow regime. The diffusion-driven flow occurs in both slow and fast regime cratering. Because diffusion-driven flow had been omitted from the lunar erosion theory and from the pressure cratering theory of the Apollo and Viking era, those theories cannot be entirely correct.
description: 13 pages, link to published version: http://cedb.asce.org/cgi/WWWdisplay.cgi?0900004
Updated observing scenarios and multi-messenger implications for the International Gravitational-wave Network's O4 and O5
Creators: name: Kiendrebeogo, R. Weizmann
name: Farah, Amanda M.
name: Foley, Emily M.
name: Gray, Abigail
name: Kunert, Nina
name: Puecher, Anna
name: Toivonen, Andrew
name: VandenBerg, R. Oliver
name: Anand, Shreya
name: Ahumada, Tomás
name: Karambelkar, Viraj
name: Coughlin, Michael W.
name: Dietrich, Tim
name: Kam, S. Zacharie
name: Pang, Peter T. H.
name: Singer, Leo P.
name: Sravan, Niharika
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An advanced LIGO and Virgo's third observing run brought another binary neutron star merger (BNS) and the first neutron-star black hole mergers. While no confirmed kilonovae were identified in conjunction with any of these events, continued improvements of analyses surrounding GW170817 allow us to project constraints on the Hubble Constant ($H_0$), the Galactic enrichment from $r$-process nucleosynthesis, and ultra-dense matter possible from forthcoming events. Here, we describe the expected constraints based on the latest expected event rates from the international gravitational-wave network (IGWN) and analyses of GW170817. We show the expected detection rate of gravitational waves and their counterparts, as well as how sensitive potential constraints are to the observed numbers of counterparts. We intend this analysis as support for the community when creating scientifically driven electromagnetic follow-up proposals. During the next observing run O4, we predict an annual detection rate of electromagnetic counterparts from BNS of $0.43^{+0.58}_{-0.26}$ ($1.97^{+2.68}_{-1.2}$) for the Zwicky Transient Facility (Rubin Observatory).
Targeted metaproteomics of metabolically active microbial populations in a full-scale biogas facility
Creators: name: Friedline, Skyler Ellis
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2024

description: Linking the genomic potential of uncultivated microbes to their in situ metabolic functions remains a critical challenge in the field of microbial ecology. This knowledge gap is especially relevant to our understanding of methanogenic microbial communities inhabiting engineered anaerobic digestion (AD) bioreactor environments. For instance, one of the major methane-yielding pathways in AD is mediated by the coupling of syntrophic acetate oxidation (SAO) and hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis. Our understanding of the stoichiometry and enzymes involved in this relationship continues to develop, yet we still lack data to support many relevant metabolic processes, or even a complete census of the microorganisms capable of carrying out SAO. So far, very few SAO bacteria have been isolated, and conventional multi-omic methods have been unable to elucidate their in situ physiologies due in part to their low abundance in AD environments. To bridge this knowledge gap, this thesis proposes a novel application of molecular techniques to quantitatively resolve microbial activity in uncultivated consortia. The combination of metabolic profiling via protein-based stable isotope probing (protein-SIP) and bio-orthogonal non-canonical amino acid tagging (BONCAT) with fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) was used to study the flux of acetate through anaerobic digestion microcosms seeded with digestate from a full-scale biogas facility. As a result, the proteome of a novel SAO bacteria was highly enriched and yielded sufficient expression information to describe its metabolic pathway for acetate oxidation. This study marks the first application of microliter processing of trace samples in one pot (μPOTS) to microbial communities, and generated the first known proteomic profile of the ‘oxidative glycine pathway’ in a putative SAOB. This work demonstrates that BONCAT-FACS coupled with protein-SIP can be used to generate activity-targeted metaproteomes, and is extensible to other microbial communities where rare but active microorganisms underpin essential ecosystem functions or services.
Modified gravity and massive neutrinos: constraints from the full shape analysis of BOSS galaxies and forecasts for Stage IV surveys
Creators: name: Moretti, Chiara
name: Tsedrik, Maria
name: Carrilho, Pedro
name: Pourtsidou, Alkistis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We constrain the growth index $γ$ by performing a full-shape analysis of the power spectrum multipoles measured from the BOSS DR12 data. We adopt a theoretical model based on the Effective Field theory of the Large Scale Structure (EFTofLSS) and focus on two different cosmologies: $γ$CDM and $γν$CDM, where we also vary the total neutrino mass. We explore different choices for the priors on the primordial amplitude $A_s$ and spectral index $n_s$, finding that informative priors are necessary to alleviate degeneracies between the parameters and avoid strong projection effects in the posterior distributions. Our tightest constraints are obtained with 3$σ$ Planck priors on $A_s$ and $n_s$: we obtain $γ= 0.647 \pm 0.085$ for $γ$CDM and $γ= 0.612^{+0.075}_{-0.090}$, $M_ν< 0.30$ for $γν$CDM at 68\% c.l., in both cases $\sim 1σ$ consistent with the $Λ$CDM prediction $γ\simeq 0.55$. Additionally, we produce forecasts for a Stage-IV spectroscopic galaxy survey, focusing on a DESI-like sample. We fit synthetic data-vectors for three different galaxy samples generated at three different redshift bins, both individually and jointly. Focusing on the constraining power of the Large Scale Structure alone, we find that forthcoming data can give an improvement of up to $\sim 85\%$ in the measurement of $γ$ with respect to the BOSS dataset when no CMB priors are imposed. On the other hand, we find the neutrino mass constraints to be only marginally better than the current ones, with future data able to put an upper limit of $M_ν< 0.27~{\rm eV}$. This result can be improved with the inclusion of Planck priors on the primordial parameters, which yield $M_ν< 0.18~{\rm eV}$.
description: updated with accepted version
Structure and Stability of the Iodide Elpasolite, Cs2AgBiI6
Creators: name: Kluherz, Kyle T.
name: Mergelsberg, Sebastian T.
name: De Yoreo, James J.
name: Gamelin, Daniel R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Iodide elpasolites (or double perovskites, A2B'B"I6, B' = M+, B" = M3+) are predicted to be promising alternatives to lead-based perovskite semiconductors for photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications, but no iodide elpasolite has ever been definitively prepared or structurally characterized. Iodide elpasolites are widely predicted to be unstable due to favorable decomposition to the competing A3B2I9 (B = M3+) phase. Here, we report the results of synchrotron XRD and X-ray total scattering measurements on putative Cs2AgBiI6 nanocrystals made via anion exchange from parent Cs2AgBiBr6 nanocrystals. Rietveld refinement of XRD and PDF data shows that these nanocrystals indeed exhibit a tetragonal (I4-m) elpasolite structure, making them the first example of a structurally characterized iodide elpasolite. A series of experiments probing structural relaxation and the effects of surface ligation or grain size all point to the critical role of surface free energy in stabilizing the iodide elpasolite phase in these nanocrystals.
description: 7 figures, 1 scheme, plus supporting information file
title: Is it OK to make mistakes? : appraisal and false normative belief
Creators: name: Field, Claire Anne
Publisher: name: University of St Andrews
Year: 2020

description: Sometimes we make mistakes, even when we try to do our best. When those mistakes are about normative matters, such as what is required, this leads to a puzzle. This puzzle arises from the possibility of misleading evidence about what rationality requires. I argue that the best way to solve this puzzle is to distinguish between two kinds of evaluation: requirement and appraisal. The strategy I defend connects three distinct debates in epistemology, ethics, and normativity: the debate over how our theories of epistemic rationality should accommodate misleading evidence, the debate over the relationship between complying with requirements and deserving particular appraisals, and the debate over whether normative ignorance can excuse. Part 1 shows how three apparently plausible claims about epistemic rationality generate a puzzle when agents have misleading evidence about what rationality requires. Part 2 solves this puzzle by distinguishing between evaluations of requirement and appraisal and rejecting the idea that one is required to conform to the Enkratic Principle. I argue instead that complying with the Enkratic Principle provides defeasible evidence that the agent should be positively appraised. One of the consequences of this solution is that false normative beliefs can sometimes excuse agents from negative appraisal they would otherwise deserve for violating requirements. Part 3 defends the view that false normative belief can sometimes excuse against the rival views that false normative belief always excuses, and that false normative belief never excuses. I argue that false normative belief can sometimes excuse violations of requirements, when it is the case that the agent has done what it is reasonable to expect of her.
Higher depletion of lithium in planet host stars: no age and mass effect
Creators: name: Sousa, S. G.
name: Fernandes, J.
name: Israelian, G.
name: Santos, N. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent observational work by Israelian et al. has shown that sun-like planet host stars in the temperature range 5700K < Teff < 5850K have lithium abundances that are significantly lower than those observed for "single" field stars. In this letter we use stellar evolutionary models to show that differences in stellar mass and age are not responsible for the observed correlation. This result, along with the finding of Israelian et al., strongly suggest that the observed lithium difference is likely linked to some process related to the formation and evolution of planetary systems.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, letter accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
On the Real Abelian Main Conjecture in the non semi-simple case
Creators: name: Gras, Georges
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $K/\mathbb{Q}$ be a real cyclic extension of degree divisible by $p$. We analyze the {\it statement} of the "Real Abelian Main Conjecture", for the $p$-class group $\mathcal{H}_K$ of $K$, in this non semi-simple case. The classical {\it algebraic} definition of the $p$-adic isotopic components $\mathcal{H}^{\rm alg}_{K,φ}$, for irreducible $p$-adic characters $φ$, is inappropriate with respect to analytical formulas, because of capitulation of $p$-classes in the $p$-sub-extension of $K/\mathbb{Q}$. In the 1970's we have given an {\it arithmetic} definition, $\mathcal{H}^{\rm ar}_{K,φ}$, and formulated the conjecture, still unproven, $\# \mathcal{H}^{\rm ar}_{K,φ} = \# (\mathcal{E}_K / \mathcal{E}^\circ_K \, \mathcal{F}_{\!K})_{φ_0}$, in terms of units $\mathcal{E}_K$ then $\mathcal{E}^\circ_K$ (generated by units of the strict subfields of $K$) and cyclotomic units $\mathcal{F}_K$, where $φ_0$ is the tame part of $φ$. We prove that the conjecture holds as soon as there exists a prime $\ell$, totally inert in $K$, such that $\mathcal{H}_K$ capitulates in $K(μ_\ell^{})$, existence having been checked, in various circumstances, as a promising new tool.
description: Proof of the real abelian main conjecture in the non semi-simple case, under the assumption (unproven but much checked in practice) that there exists a cyclotomic extension L of K, of prime conductor ${\ell}$, congruent to 1 modulo a sufficient p-power and inert in K, such that the p-class group of K capitulates in L
Economic analysis of rice value chain under Growth Enhancement Support Scheme in Niger state, Nigeria. Proceeding of the 19th Annual conference of the Nigerian Association of Agricultural Economists (NAAE) held at Federal College of Forestry Mechanization, Afaka, Kaduna, Nigeria from 15th to 18th, October, 2018. Edited by S.E. Anamayi, S. O. Balogun, Shauna Henry, Olagunju O. E, O. Adelani Olusegun, M. Akinyemi Mudashiru, C. O. Ariyo, D. O. Onwegbunam, O. S. Olugunju, O. G. Awotide, N
Creators: name: Tuedogheye, Gbubemi
name: Tanko, Likita
name: S., Mohammed
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 70106 Farm Management, Rural Management and Agribusiness
subject: FOS: Other agricultural sciences
subject: 70107 Farming Systems Research

description: The high rate of rice importation over the years by Federal government has led to increase in demand for local rice. The lack of a shift from subsistence to commercial farming in spite of such comparative advantage may have different reasons like high risks, high transaction costs, limited food markets, limited insurance options and limited access to credit or in general the problem in the value chain. This study identify the various actors and characterised their activities, cost and returns and value added by the major actors in the chain. Justification for this study stems from the need to identify the value addition on rice value chain given the increasing demand on rice. A multi­stage sampling procedure was used to select 237 respondents proportionate to size of the population from the wards based on sample frame of297 registered GESS Farmers, Processors and Marketers. The Net income realized by the major actors indicated that rice farmers realized N118,769.54 rice processors realized N216,649.22 and rice marketers realizing N150,317.55. Value added by the farmers, processors and marketers were N220.733.17, N260.427.00 and N156,870.00 respectively. The study concluded that rice production, processing and marketing is profitable and rice processing had the highest value addition. The. study further recommend government intervention on improving social amenities, cost of purchasing and hiring other mechanized farm inputs-such as tractors, labour so as to increase the income and mininimize cost of production, Farmers should form cooperatives or join existing cooperatives to have access to input resources at subsidized rate.
Will Swing Pricing Save Sedentary Shareholders?
Creators: name: Tucker, Anne M.
name: Van Den Toom, Holly
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2018

description: This Article explains and explores new Securities Exchange Commission rules authorizing optional swing pricing for mutual funds. Swing pricing is an anti-dilution tool intended to protect sedentary investors who enter, and stay, in a fund. Workers setting aside money for retirement are often sedentary investors. Mutual funds are the mainstay vehicle for retirement investors, yet as sedentary shareholders they can experience significant asset dilution over their savings lifetime. Swing pricing—a mutual fund pricing mechanism that allocates transaction costs to the triggering shareholders—could save sedentary shareholders, collectively, billions of dollars. The mutual fund industry’s operational complexities and competing regulatory obligations may prevent funds from immediately utilizing swing pricing once it becomes effective in November 2018. The biggest obstacle is a time conflict reminiscent of the chicken and egg problem. Under current industry operations, mutual funds will not receive the trading information necessary to adjust the daily price of the fund (swing the price) until after funds have to finalize the price adjustment. Blockchain technology—offering secure, automated, and verified ledgers—may present an operational path forward for the industry. The SEC’s swing pricing approach leaves unanswered how funds will overcome these, and other, hurdles. This Article explores the components of swing pricing, as well as the objections to and perceived benefits of swing pricing, and concludes with two unique perspectives on the SEC rules: one academic and one professional. This Article maintains that mutual funds should take on the challenge of implementing swing pricing, and that market incentives will pave the way.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2018 No. 1