cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Bemerkenswerte Ameisenfunde im Ahlen-Falkenberger Moor (Niedersachen)
Creators: name: Reimann, Helmut
name: Kiel, Ellen
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 1971

description: Abstract: Our study presents new data on ant species found in the Ahlen-Falkenberger Moor (Cuxhaven area, Niedersachsen). The ants were collected by pitfall traps and direct searching as well. All together 10 ant species were recorded. Formica uralensis Ruzsky, 1895 was unknown to the fauna in Niedersachsen before. According to the actual knowledge on ant ecology, Formica picea Nylander, 1846, Formica uralensis Ruzsky, 1895, Myrmica vandeli Bondroit, 1919 seem to prefer bogs or bogs and fen, and should thus be taken into account as monitoring organisms for bogs or bog restoration areas.
description: Zusammenfassung: Im Rahmen einer 2003 durchgeführten Untersuchung zur Ameisenfauna konnten im Ahlen-Falkenberger Moor (Landkreis Cuxhaven, Niedersachsen) bemerkenswerte Ameisenarten nachgewiesen werden. Für die Untersuchungen wurden Barberfallen eingesetzt und Direktbesammlungen durchgeführt. Insgesamt konnten 10 Arten nachgewiesen werden. Mit Formica picea Nylander, 1846 und – als Erstnachweise für Niedersachsen – Formica uralensis Ruzsky, 1895 und Myrmica vandeli Bondroit, 1919 befanden sich darunter Arten, die nach bisherigen Kenntnissen an Moore gebunden sind und als Monitoring-Organismen für Hochmoorlebensräume und deren Renaturierungsflächen dienen können.
description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
description: research
Zeros of systems of exponential sums and trigonometric polynomials
Creators: name: Soprunova, Evgenia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14P15, 33B10

description: Gelfond and Khovanskii found a formula for the sum of the values of a Laurent polynomial at the zeros of a system of n Laurent polynomials in the complex n-torus whose Newton polyhedra have generic mutual positions. An exponential change of variables gives a similar formula for exponential sums with rational frequencies. We conjecture that this formula holds for exponential sums with real frequencies. We give an integral formula which proves the existence-part of the conjectured formula not only in the complex situation but also in a very general real setting. We also prove the conjectured formula when it gives answer zero, which happens in most cases.
description: 16 pages, 2 figures
Age-Conditioned Synthesis of Pediatric Computed Tomography with Auxiliary Classifier Generative Adversarial Networks
Creators: name: Kan, Chi Nok Enoch
name: Maheenaboobacker, Najibakram
name: Ye, Dong Hye
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep learning is a popular and powerful tool in computed tomography (CT) image processing such as organ segmentation, but its requirement of large training datasets remains a challenge. Even though there is a large anatomical variability for children during their growth, the training datasets for pediatric CT scans are especially hard to obtain due to risks of radiation to children. In this paper, we propose a method to conditionally synthesize realistic pediatric CT images using a new auxiliary classifier generative adversarial network (ACGAN) architecture by taking age information into account. The proposed network generated age-conditioned high-resolution CT images to enrich pediatric training datasets.
description: Accepted for publication at IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI) 2020
A national study to assess outcomes of definitive chemoradiation regimens in proximal esophageal cancer
Creators: name: Vos-Geelen, Judith De
name: Hoebers, Frank J. P.
name: Geurts, Sandra M. E.
name: Hoeben, Ann
name: Greef, Bianca T. A. De
name: Voncken, Francine E. M.
name: J. (Hans) A. Bogers
name: Pètra M. Braam
name: C. (Kristel) T. Muijs
name: Jong, Martin A. De
name: Kasperts, Nicolien
name: Rozema, Tom
name: Jeene, Paul M.
name: Blom, Gerrit J.
name: Dieren, Jolanda M. Van
name: Hulshof, Maarten C. C. M.
name: Laarhoven, Hanneke W. M. Van
name: Grabsch, Heike I.
name: Lemmens, Valery E. P. P.
name: Tjan-Heijnen, Vivianne C. G.
name: Grard A. P. Nieuwenhuijzen
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Background: Proximal esophageal cancer (EC) is commonly treated with definitive chemoradiation (CRT). The radiation dose and type of chemotherapy backbone are still under debate. The objective of this study was to compare the treatment outcomes of contemporary CRT regimens. Material and Methods: In this retrospective observational cohort study, we included patients with locally advanced squamous cell cancer of the proximal esophagus, from 11 centers in the Netherlands, treated with definitive CRT between 2004 and 2014. Each center had a preferential CRT regimen, based on cisplatin (Cis) or carboplatin-paclitaxel (CP) combined with low (≤50.4 Gy) or high (>50.4 Gy) dose radiotherapy (RT). Differences in overall survival (OS) between CRT regimens were assessed using a fully adjusted Cox proportional hazards and propensity score (PS) weighted model. Safety profiles were compared using a multilevel logistic regression model. Results: Two hundred patients were included. Fifty-four, 39, 95, and 12 patients were treated with Cis-low-dose RT, Cis-high-dose RT, CP-low-dose RT, and CP-high-dose RT, respectively. Median follow-up was 62.6 months (95% CI: 47.9–77.2 months). Median OS (21.9 months; 95% CI: 16.9–27.0 months) was comparable between treatment groups (logrank p = .88), confirmed in the fully adjusted and PS weighted model (p > .05). Grades 3–5 acute adverse events were less frequent in patients treated with CP-low-dose RT versus Cis-high-dose RT (OR 3.78; 95% CI: 1.31–10.87; p = .01). The occurrence of grades 3–5 late toxicities was not different between treatment groups. Conclusion: Our study was unable to demonstrate a difference in OS between the CRT regimens, probably related to the relatively small sample size. Based on the superior safety profile, carboplatin and paclitaxel-based CRT regimens are preferred in patients with locally advanced proximal EC.
Can Planck-scale physics be seen in the cosmic microwave background ?
Creators: name: Elgaroy, Oystein
name: Hannestad, Steen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the potential of observations of anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and large-scale structure in the Universe to detect possible modifications of standard inflationary models by physics beyond the Planck scale. A generic model of primordial density fluctuations is investigated, and we derive constraints on its parameters from current data. We conclude that the currently available data do not put very stringent constraints on this model. Furthermore, we use simulated power spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and the Planck satellite to show that it is unlikely that a trans-Planckian signature of this type can be detected in CMB and large-scale structure data.
description: 8 pages, 10 figures
Abundance of Novel and Diverse tfdA-Like Genes, Encoding Putative Phenoxyalkanoic Acid Herbicide-Degrading Dioxygenases, in Soil
Creators: name: Zaprasis, Adrienne
name: Liu, Ya-Jun
name: Liu, Shuang-Jiang
name: Drake, Harold L.
name: Horn, Marcus A.
Publisher: name: Washington, DC [u.a.] : American Soc. for Microbiology
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Bradyrhizobium
subject: Cluster Analysis
subject: Dioxygenases
subject: DNA Primers
subject: DNA, Bacterial
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: Phenoxyalkanoic acid (PAA) herbicides are widely used in agriculture. Biotic degradation of such herbicides occurs in soils and is initiated by α-ketoglutarate- and Fe2+-dependent dioxygenases encoded by tfdA-like genes (i.e., tfdA and tfdAα). Novel primers and quantitative kinetic PCR (qPCR) assays were developed to analyze the diversity and abundance of tfdA-like genes in soil. Five primer sets targeting tfdA-like genes were designed and evaluated. Primer sets 3 to 5 specifically amplified tfdA-like genes from soil, and a total of 437 sequences were retrieved. Coverages of gene libraries were 62 to 100%, up to 122 genotypes were detected, and up to 389 genotypes were predicted to occur in the gene libraries as indicated by the richness estimator Chaol. Phylogenetic analysis of in silico-translated tfdA-like genes indicated that soil tfdA-like genes were related to those of group 2 and 3 Bradyrhizobium spp., Sphingomonas spp., and uncultured soil bacteria. Soil-derived tfdA-like genes were assigned to 11 clusters, 4 of which were composed of novel sequences from this study, indicating that soil harbors novel and diverse tfdA-like genes. Correlation analysis of 16S rRNA and tfdA-like gene similarity indicated that any two bacteria with D > 20% of group 2 tfdA-like gene-derived protein sequences belong to different species. Thus, data indicate that the soil analyzed harbors at least 48 novel bacterial species containing group 2 tfdA-like genes. Novel qPCR assays were established to quantity such new tfdA-like genes. Copy numbers of tfdA-like genes were 1.0 x 106 to 65 x 106 per gram (dry weight) soil in four different soils, indicating that hitherto-unknown, diverse tfdA-like genes are abundant in soils. Copyright © 2010, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
Zum Wandel der Bodenformen in den Niedermoorgebieten Brandenburgs durch langjährige Nutzung
The change of soils in fen areas of Brandenburg due to long lasting land-use
Creators: name: Sauerbrey, Robert
name: Lehrkamp, Horst
name: Holz, Cordelia
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2002

description: Abstract: The 211.000 hectares of fen of the federal state of Brandenburg consist of 74% of peat with low thickness. As a result of the long agricultural use the peat has been mineralised. Thus histosols became with time mollic gleysols. In the Havelluch, Rhinluch and Randow-Welse-Bruch the loss of peat-thickness and fen has been determined by mapping the same areas in 1964/70 and 1991/2000.
description: Zusammenfassung: Die Bodenkartierungsunterlagen weisen für das Bundesland Brandenburg 211.000 ha Moorstandorte aus. 74% davon sind flachgründige Versumpfungsmoore. Durch langjährige landwirtschaftliche Nutzung und damit verbundene Mineralisierung der Torfe haben sich beträchtliche Anteile davon zu Moor-, Anmoor- und Humusgleyen entwickelt. Um das Ausmaß der Moorflächenverluste zu klären, wurden im Havelluch, dem Rhinluch sowie dem Randow-Welse-Bruch vergleichende Standortuntersuchungen vorgenommen. Dazu wurden auf der Grundlage älterer Kartierungen typische Flächen ausgewählt und an eingemessenen Punkten erneut Bodenprofile untersucht. Aus der Gegenüberstellung ergaben sich beträchtliche Moormächtigkeits- und Moorflächenverluste sowie eine entsprechende Zunahme der Moorfolgeböden.
description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
description: research
Deep State-Space Gaussian Processes
Creators: name: Zhao, Zheng
name: Emzir, Muhammad
name: Särkkä, Simo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper is concerned with a state-space approach to deep Gaussian process (DGP) regression. We construct the DGP by hierarchically putting transformed Gaussian process (GP) priors on the length scales and magnitudes of the next level of Gaussian processes in the hierarchy. The idea of the state-space approach is to represent the DGP as a non-linear hierarchical system of linear stochastic differential equations (SDEs), where each SDE corresponds to a conditional GP. The DGP regression problem then becomes a state estimation problem, and we can estimate the state efficiently with sequential methods by using the Markov property of the state-space DGP. The computational complexity scales linearly with respect to the number of measurements. Based on this, we formulate state-space MAP as well as Bayesian filtering and smoothing solutions to the DGP regression problem. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed models and methods on synthetic non-stationary signals and apply the state-space DGP to detection of the gravitational waves from LIGO measurements.
description: Accepted for publication in Statistics and Computing. The companion code can be found at https://github.com/zgbkdlm/ssdgp
Über eine Verlandungsfolge weichsel-interstadialen Alters in Harksheide bei Hamburg
Creators: name: Hallik, R.
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 1955

description: Ein aufgrund der Lagerungsverhältnisse — im Liegenden Eem, im Hangenden Solifluktionsschutt — in ein Weichsel-Interstadial eingestuftes Vorkommen organogener Bildungen wird beschrieben. Es läßt sich ein vollständiger Verlandungszyklus feststellen. Dieser Umstand und das pollenstatistische Bild der Vegetationsentwicklung zeigen auch unabhängig von den Lagerungsverhältnissen, daß es sich um Bildungen einer selbständigen, in sich abgeschlossenen Warmphase handelt. Es ergibt sich das vollständige Bild eines Weichsel-Interstadials von der beginnenden Einwanderung der Vegetation bis zu den ersten Anzeichen einer neuerlichen Lichtung der Bewaldung. Das gewonnene Bild der Vegetationsentwicklung vermittelt eine Vorstellung von der Amplitude der Klimaoszillation. Diese hat höchstens das Ausmaß der Allerödschwankung erreicht. Ein zweites unvollständiges Profil ist nach den Lagerungsverhältnissen und dem Pollendiagramm mit dem ersteren gut vergleichbar und daher ebenfalls als Weichsel-Interstadial anzusehen.
description: research
title: Leichhardt
title: die ganze Geschichte von F. W. Ludwig Leichhardt, Träumer, Forscher und Entdeckungsreisender in Australien ; erzählt von ihm selbst und seinem Chronisten nach seinen hinterlassenen Tagebüchern, Briefen und Reiseaufzeichungen
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Finger, Hans Wilhelm
Publisher: name: Finger, München
Year: 2008

description: research
A proposal for reconciling diverse experiments on the superconducting state in Sr2RuO4
Creators: name: Kivelson, Steven A.
name: Yuan, Andrew C.
name: Ramshaw, B. J.
name: Thomale, Ronny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A variety of precise experiments have been carried out to establish the character of the superconducting state in Sr2RuO4. Many of these appear to imply contradictory conclusions concerning the symmetries of this state. Here, we propose that these results can be reconciled if we assume that there is a near-degeneracy between a d_{x^2-y^2} (B_{1g} in group theory nomenclature) and a g_{xy(x^2-y^2)} (A_{2g}) superconducting state. From a weak-coupling perspective, such an accidental degeneracy can occur at a point at which a balance between the on-site and nearest-neighbor repulsions triggers a d-wave to g-wave transition.
description: 24 pages, 2 figures
Ability of yard trimmings compost to mitigate environmental impacts of over-winter field stored poultry litter
Creators: name: Milligan, Erica Elaine
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Incorporation of poultry litter (PL) into crop production on British Columbia's Fraser River delta is an important means of recycling this over-abundant agricultural waste product. However, environmental and ecological concerns associated with overwinter field storage of PL should be addressed. To mitigate these concerns some farmers have been storing the PL on a 30 cm thick base pad of City of Vancouver yard trimmings compost (YTC) and further covering the pile with a 15 cm thick layer of YTC . A column study was conducted on the UBC, Vancouver campus to assess the effects of the YTC base pad and cover on the quality of leachate emanating from the PL. The YTC layer under the PL decreased (P<0.05) the cumulative Cu , Zn and P leached as compared to the PL alone by 50%, 54% and 30%, but had little ability to retain N or soluble salts. Concentrations in the first flush of leachate out of the P L were reduced by the YTC pad from 25 to 1.3 mg Cu L⁻¹, 11 to 0.95 mg Zn L⁻¹, and 430 to 40 mg PL⁻¹. A key finding was that the YTC cover increased (P<0.05) the leaching o f N, Cu and Zn from the underlying PL . A complementary field study was conducted over the same winter in Delta, BC . Three PL storage piles were constructed with and without an YTC pad and/or YTC cover. Soil samples from under and around the piles (0-15 and 15-30cm depths) as well as samples from the YTC base pad were analyzed. Crop development the following spring was negatively impacted under all piles. The YTC pad protected the soil below the core of the pile from leaching due to water table rise however it was less effective under the highly leached outer regions of the piles. Delta farmers are advised to not store PL directly on the soil and to consider the use of an YTC base pad thicker than 30cm. The YTC cover apparently increases leaching, likely due to increased infiltration of precipitation, yet it reduces run-off, and isolates the PL from wildlife.
In Situ Hydrogen and Nitrous Oxide as Indicators of Concomitant Fermentation and Denitrification in the Alimentary Canal of the Earthworm Lumbricus terrestris
Creators: name: Wüst, Pia K.
name: Horn, Marcus A.
name: Drake, Harold L.
Publisher: name: Washington, DC [u.a.] : American Soc. for Microbiology
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Animals
subject: Carbon
subject: Carboxylic Acids
subject: Digestive System
subject: Fermentation
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: The earthworm gut is a unique microzone in aerated soils that has been proposed to selectively stimulate ingested soil microorganisms by its in situ conditions, which include anoxia, high water content, a near-neutral pH, and high concentrations of organic compounds. The central objective of this study was to resolve potential links between in situ conditions and anaerobic microbial activities during the gut passage of Lumbricus terrestris. Both H 2 and N2o were emitted by living earthworms, and in situ microsensor analyses revealed both H2 and N2O in the O 2-free gut center. The highest H2 concentrations occurred in foregut and midgut regions, whereas the highest N2O concentrations occurred in crop/gizzard and hindgut regions. Thus, H2-producing fermentations were more localized in the foregut and midgut, whereas denitrification was more localized in the crop/gizzard and hindgut. Moisture content, total carbon, and total nitrogen were highest in the foregut and decreased from the anterior to posterior end of the gut. Nitrite, ammonium, and iron (II) concentrations were highest in the crop/gizzard and decreased from the anterior to posterior end of the alimentary canal. Concentrations of soluble organic compounds were indicative of distinct fermentation processes along the alimentary canal, with maximal concentrations of organic acids (e.g., acetate and butyrate) occurring in the midgut. These findings suggest that earthworms (i) contribute to the terrestrial cycling of carbon and nitrogen via anaerobic microbial activities in the alimentary canal and (ii) constitute a mobile source of reductant (i.e., emitted H2) for microbiota in aerated soils. Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
Estimating Daily Maximum and Minimum Land Air Surface Temperature Using MODIS Land Surface Temperature Data and Ground Truth Data in Northern Vietnam
Creators: name: Noi, Phan
name: Kappas, Martin
name: Degener, Jan
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2016

description: This study aims to evaluate quantitatively the land surface temperature (LST) derived from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) MOD11A1 and MYD11A1 Collection 5 products for daily land air surface temperature (Ta) estimation over a mountainous region in northern Vietnam. The main objective is to estimate maximum and minimum Ta (Ta-max and Ta-min) using both TERRA and AQUA MODIS LST products (daytime and nighttime) and auxiliary data, solving the discontinuity problem of ground measurements. There exist no studies about Vietnam that have integrated both TERRA and AQUA LST of daytime and nighttime for Ta estimation (using four MODIS LST datasets). In addition, to find out which variables are the most effective to describe the differences between LST and Ta, we have tested several popular methods, such as: the Pearson correlation coefficient, stepwise, Bayesian information criterion (BIC), adjusted R-squared and the principal component analysis (PCA) of 14 variables (including: LST products (four variables), NDVI, elevation, latitude, longitude, day length in hours, Julian day and four variables of the view zenith angle), and then, we applied nine models for Ta-max estimation and nine models for Ta-min estimation. The results showed that the differences between MODIS LST and ground truth temperature derived from 15 climate stations are time and regional topography dependent. The best results for Ta-max and Ta-min estimation were achieved when we combined both LST daytime and nighttime of TERRA and AQUA and data from the topography analysis.
description: Open-Access-Publikationsfonds 2016
title: Dynamic expression of ancient and novel molluscan shell genes during ecological transitions
title: Research article
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Jackson, Daniel J.
name: Wörheide, Gert
name: Degnan, Bernard M.
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2007

description: Background: The Mollusca constitute one of the most morphologically and ecologically diverse metazoan phyla, occupying a wide range of marine, terrestrial and freshwater habitats. The evolutionary success of the molluscs can in part be attributed to the evolvability of the external shell. Typically, the shell first forms during embryonic and larval development, changing dramatically in shape, colour and mineralogical composition as development and maturation proceeds. Major developmental transitions in shell morphology often correlate with ecological transitions (e.g. from a planktonic to benthic existence at metamorphosis). While the genes involved in molluscan biomineralisation are beginning to be identified, there is little understanding of how these are developmentally regulated, or if the same genes are operational at different stages of the mollusc's life. Results: Here we relate the developmental expression of nine genes in the tissue responsible for shell production the mantle to ecological transitions that occur during the lifetime of the tropical abalone Haliotis asinina (Vetigastropoda). Four of these genes encode evolutionarily ancient proteins, while four others encode secreted proteins with little or no identity to known proteins. Another gene has been previously described from the mantle of another haliotid vetigastropod. All nine genes display dynamic spatial and temporal expression profiles within the larval shell field and juvenile mantle. Conclusion: These expression data reflect the regulatory complexity that underlies molluscan shell construction from larval stages to adulthood, and serves to highlight the different ecological demands placed on each stage. The use of both ancient and novel genes in all stages of shell construction also suggest that a core set of shell-making genes was provided by a shared metazoan ancestor, which has been elaborated upon to produce the range of molluscan shell types we see today.
Degradation of Root Community Traits as Indicator for Transformation of Tropical Lowland Rain Forests into Oil Palm and Rubber Plantations.
Creators: name: Sahner, Josephine
name: Budi, Sri Wilarso
name: Barus, Henry
name: Edy, Nur
name: Meyer, Marike
name: Corre, Marife D.
name: Polle, Andrea
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2015

description: Conversion of tropical forests into intensely managed plantations is a threat to ecosystem functions. On Sumatra, Indonesia, oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) plantations are rapidly expanding, displacing rain forests and extensively used rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) agro-forests. Here, we tested the influence of land use systems on root traits including chemical traits (carbon, nitrogen, mineral nutrients, potentially toxic elements [aluminium, iron] and performance traits (root mass, vitality, mycorrhizal colonization). Traits were measured as root community-weighed traits (RCWTs) in lowland rain forests, in rubber agro-forests mixed with rain forest trees, in rubber and oil palm plantations in two landscapes (Bukit Duabelas and Harapan, Sumatra). We hypothesized that RCWTs vary with land use system indicating increasing transformation intensity and loss of ecosystem functions. The main factors found to be related to increasing transformation intensity were declining root vitality and root sulfur, nitrogen, carbon, manganese concentrations and increasing root aluminium and iron concentrations as well as increasing spore densities of arbuscular mycorrhizas. Mycorrhizal abundance was high for arbuscular and low for ectomycorrhizas and unrelated to changes in RCWTs. The decline in RCWTs showed significant correlations with soil nitrogen, soil pH and litter carbon. Thus, our study uncovered a relationship between deteriorating root community traits and loss of ecosystem functionality and showed that increasing transformation intensity resulted in decreasing root nutrition and health. Based on these results we suggest that land management that improves root vitality may enhance the ecological functions of intense tropical production systems.
description: Oüpen-Access Publikationsfonds 2015
Enhancement of octupole strength in near spherical nuclei
Creators: name: Robledo, L. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The validity of the rotational formula used to compute E1 and E3 transition strengths in even-even nuclei is analyzed within the Generator Coordinate Method framework based on mean field wave functions. It turns out that those nuclei with spherical or near spherical shapes the E1 and E3 strengths computed with this formula are strongly underestimated and a sound evaluation of them requires angular momentum projected wave functions. Results for several isotopic chains with proton number equal or near magic numbers are analyzed and compared with experimental data. The use of angular momentum projected wave functions greatly improves the agreement with the scarce experimental data.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Nitrous Oxide Reductase Genes (nosZ) of Denitrifying Microbial Populations in Soil and the Earthworm Gut Are Phylogenetically Similar
Creators: name: Horn, Marcus A.
name: Drake, Harold L.
name: Schramm, Andreas
Publisher: name: Washington, DC [u.a.] : American Soc. for Microbiology
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Animals
subject: Bacteria
subject: Bradyrhizobium
subject: Brucella
subject: Digestive System
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: Earthworms emit nitrous oxide (N2O) and dinitrogen (N 2). It has been hypothesized that the in situ conditions of the earthworm gut activates ingested soil denitrifiers during gut passage and leads to these in vivo emissions (M. A. Horn, A. Schramm, and H. L. Drake, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69:1662-1669, 2003). This hypothesis implies that the denitrifiers in the earthworm gut are not endemic to the gut but rather are regular members of the soil denitrifier population. To test this hypothesis, the denitrifier populations of gut and soil from three different sites were comparatively assessed by sequence analysis of nosZ, the gene for the terminal enzyme in denitrification, N2O reductase. A total of 182 and 180 nosZ sequences were retrieved from gut and soil, respectively coverage of gene libraries was 79 to 100%. Many of the nosZ sequences were heretofore unknown, clustered with known soil-derived sequences, or were related to N2O reductases of the genera Bradyrhizobium, Brucella, Dechloromonas, Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, Ralstonia, and Sinorhizobium. Although the numbers of estimators for genotype richness of sequence data from the gut were higher than those of soil, only one gut-derived nosZ sequence did not group phylogenetically with any of the soil-derived nosZ sequences. Thus, the phylogenies of nosZ from gut and soil were not dissimilar, indicating that gut denitrifiers are soil derived. Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
Genome-Derived Criteria for Assigning Environmental narG and nosZ Sequences to Operational Taxonomic Units of Nitrate Reducers
Creators: name: Palmer, Katharina
name: Drake, Harold L.
name: Horn, Marcus A.
Publisher: name: Washington, DC [u.a.] : American Soc. for Microbiology
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Bacteria
subject: Bacterial Proteins
subject: Cluster Analysis
subject: Computational Biology
subject: DNA, Ribosomal
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: Ninety percent of cultured bacterial nitrate reducers with a 16S rRNA gene similarity of ≥97% had a narG or nosZ similarity of ≥67% or ≥80%, respectively, suggesting that 67% and 80% could be used as standardized, conservative threshold similarity values for narG and nosZ, respectively (i.e., any two sequences that are less similar than the threshold similarity value have a very high probability of belonging to different species), for estimating species-level operational taxonomic units. Genus-level tree topologies of narG and nosZ were generally similar to those of the corresponding 16S rRNA genes. Although some genomes contained multiple copies of narG, recent horizontal gene transfer of narG was not apparent. Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
Hitherto Unknown [Fe-Fe]-Hydrogenase Gene Diversity in Anaerobes and Anoxic Enrichments from a Moderately Acidic Fen
Creators: name: Schmidt, Oliver
name: Drake, Harold L.
name: Horn, Marcus A.
Publisher: name: Washington, DC [u.a.] : American Soc. for Microbiology
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Bacterial Proteins
subject: DNA, Bacterial
subject: DNA, Ribosomal
subject: Genetic Variation
subject: Hydrogenase
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: Newly designed primers for [Fe-Fe]-hydrogenases indicated that (i) fermenters, acetogens, and undefined species in a fen harbor hitherto unknown hydrogenases and (ii) Clostridium- and Thermosinus-related primary fermenters, as well as secondary fermenters related to sulfate or iron reducers might be responsible for hydrogen production in the fen. Comparative analysis of [Fe-Fe]-hydrogenase and 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenies indicated the presence of homologous multiple hydrogenases per organism and inconsistencies between 16S rRNA gene- and [Fe-Fe]-hydrogenase-based phylogenies, necessitating appropriate qualification of [Fe-Fe]-hydrogenase gene data for diversity analyses. Copyright © 2010, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
Satellite-based monitoring system for assessment of vegetation vulnerability to locust hazard in the River Ili delta (Lake Balkhash, Kazakhstan)
Creators: name: Propastin, Pavel
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2013

description: The study investigates the overall vulnerability of vegetation in the River Ili delta (Lake Balkhash, Southern Kazakhstan) to locust hazards using correlation between the normalized difference vegetation index data from advanced very high resolution radiometer and the TOPEX/POSEIDON/JASON-1 satellite altimetry derived water level of Lake Balkhash. The study develops a new monitoring and evaluation system to detect the annual vegetated areas infested by locusts and to quantify the overall recurrence of locust damage in these areas throughout the period 1992 to 2006. The monitoring system-based annual estimations of locust-affected areas were validated against ground survey data. The validation reveals a good correspondence of the estimations with the information from ground truth. The results of the overall vulnerability assessment showed that, for the River Ili delta vegetative land, ∼17% of the total area was characterized by moderate and high vulnerability of vegetation to locust hazards, whereas ∼3% showed low vulnerability. Most parts of the Ili delta area are not sensitive to locust hazard.
Rotation- and temperature-dependence of stellar latitudinal differential rotation
Creators: name: Reiners, Ansgar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: More than 600 high resolution spectra of stars with spectral type F and later were obtained in order to search for signatures of differential rotation in line profiles. In 147 stars, the rotation law could be measured, 28 of them are found to be differentially rotating. Comparison to rotation laws in stars of spectral type A reveals that differential rotation sets in at the convection boundary in the HR-diagram; no star that is significantly hotter than the convection boundary exhibits the signatures of differential rotation. Four late A-/early F-type stars close to the convection boundary and at vsini~100 km/s show extraordinarily strong absolute shear at short rotation periods around one day. It is suggested that this is due to their small convection zone depth and that it is connected to a narrow range in surface velocity. Detection frequencies of differential rotation were analyzed in stars with varying temperature and rotation velocity. Measurable differential rotation is more frequent in late-type stars and slow rotators. The strength of absolute shear and differential rotation are examined as functions of the stellar effective temperature and rotation period. The strongest shear is found at rotation periods between two and three days. In slower rotators, the strongest shear at a given rotation rate is given approximately by DOmega_max ~ P^{-1}. In faster rotators, alpha_max and DOmega_max diminish less rapidly. A comparison with differential rotation measurements in stars of later spectral type shows that F-stars exhibit stronger shear than cooler stars do, the upper boundary in absolute shear DOmega with temperature is consistent with the temperature scaling law found in Doppler Imaging measurements.
description: 15 pages, accepted for publication in A&A, typos corrected
Hydrogenotrophic Methanogenesis by Moderately Acid-Tolerant Methanogens of a Methane-Emitting Acidic Peat
Creators: name: Horn, Marcus A.
name: Matthies, Carola
name: Küsel, Kirsten
name: Schramm, Andreas
name: Drake, Harold L.
Publisher: name: Washington, DC [u.a.] : American Soc. for Microbiology
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Anaerobiosis
subject: Culture Media
subject: DNA, Ribosomal
subject: Euryarchaeota
subject: Hydrogen
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: The emission of methane (1.3 mmol of CH4 m-2 day-1), precursors of methanogenesis, and the methanogenic microorganisms of acidic bog peat (pH 4.4) from a moderately reduced forest site were investigated by in situ measurements, microcosm incubations, and cultivation methods, respectively. Bog peat produced CH4 (0.4 to 1.7 μmol g [dry wt] of soil-1 day-1) under anoxic conditions. At in situ pH, supplemental H2-CO2, ethanol, and 1-propanol all increased CH4 production rates while formate, acetate, propionate, and butyrate inhibited the production of CH4 methanol had no effect. H2-dependent acetogenesis occurred in H2-CO2-supplemented bog peat only after extended incubation periods. Nonsupplemented bog peat initially produced small amounts of H2 that were subsequently consumed. The accumulation of H2 was stimulated by ethanol and 1-propanol or by inhibiting methanogenesis with bromoethanesulfonate, and the consumption of ethanol was inhibited by large amounts of H2 these results collectively indicated that ethanol- or 1-propanol-utilizing bacteria were trophically associated with H2-utilizing methanogens. A total of 109 anaerobes and 107 hydrogenotrophic methanogens per g (dry weight) of bog peat were enumerated by cultivation techniques. A stable methanogenic enrichment was obtained with an acidic, H2-CO2-supplemented, fatty acid-enriched defined medium. CH4 production rates by the enrichment were similar at pH 4.5 and 6.5, and acetate inhibited methanogenesis at pH 4.5 but not at pH 6.5. A total of 27 different archaeal 16S rRNA gene sequences indicative of Methanobacteriaceae, Methanomicrobiales, and Methanosarcinaceae were retrieved from the highest CH4-positive serial dilutions of bog peat and methanogenic enrichments. A total of 10 bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences were also retrieved from the same dilutions and enrichments and were indicative of bacteria that might be responsible for the production of H2 that could be used by hydrogenotrophic methanogens. These results indicated that in this acidic bog peat, (i) H2 is an important substrate for acid-tolerant methanogens, (ii) interspecies hydrogen transfer is involved in the degradation of organic carbon, (iii) the accumulation of protonated volatile fatty acids inhibits methanogenesis, and (iv) methanogenesis might be due to the activities of methanogens that are phylogenetic members of the Methanobacteriaceae, Methanomicrobiales, and Methanosarcinaceae.
Block Layer Decomposition schemes for training Deep Neural Networks
Creators: name: Palagi, Laura
name: Seccia, Ruggiero
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep Feedforward Neural Networks' (DFNNs) weights estimation relies on the solution of a very large nonconvex optimization problem that may have many local (no global) minimizers, saddle points and large plateaus. As a consequence, optimization algorithms can be attracted toward local minimizers which can lead to bad solutions or can slow down the optimization process. Furthermore, the time needed to find good solutions to the training problem depends on both the number of samples and the number of variables. In this work, we show how Block Coordinate Descent (BCD) methods can be applied to improve performance of state-of-the-art algorithms by avoiding bad stationary points and flat regions. We first describe a batch BCD method ables to effectively tackle the network's depth and then we further extend the algorithm proposing a \textit{minibatch} BCD framework able to scale with respect to both the number of variables and the number of samples by embedding a BCD approach into a minibatch framework. By extensive numerical results on standard datasets for several architecture networks, we show how the application of BCD methods to the training phase of DFNNs permits to outperform standard batch and minibatch algorithms leading to an improvement on both the training phase and the generalization performance of the networks.
description: 23 pages. J Glob Optim (2019)
Search strategy and extraced data for a scoping review on patient-driven innovations
Creators: name: Reinius, Maria
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: These files are supplementary files for a scoping review that was conducted with the aim to to explore the nature and extent of what is published about patient-driven innovations in peer-reviewed journals. 96 articles were included and the following data from each article was extracted into tables: journal, publication year, first author country of affiliation, publication type, study aim, study design, data and sample size), and on the innovations (name of innovation, name of innovator(s), description of innovation, unmet needs that the innovations aimed to fulfil, and medical condition) The uploaded files contain Documentation of search strategy for this review that could be used to replicate the database search, Appendix 3. tables with extracted data and Appendix 4, categorization of extracted data
Attentional demands of different types of PDA tasks
Creators: name: Li, Hiroe
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) are mobile devices that offer a range of applications and are used in various environments (e.g., finding contact information driving while). These environments and applications vary on the level of attentional demands. The key interests of the present study were to explore the interference that occurs when both the PDA task and environment are highly attention demanding. The main goal of the present study was to investigate the attentional demands of two types of PDA tasks: Navigation and data entry. Using a dual-task methodology, I conducted two experiments that explored the amount of attention (Experiment 1 and 2), and two experiments that investigated the types of attention (Experiment 3 and 4), required by the two PDA task types. For the first two experiments, a tone discrimination task was chosen as the secondary task as it has been shown to require general attentional resources. Participants first completed the tone discrimination task alone in order to assess performance in the baseline condition. In the test phase, participants completed a set of PDA tasks concurrently with a tone discrimination task. To assess the type of attention required by PDA tasks, a method used to reveal the types of attention was first validated in Experiment 3. The validated method was used in Experiment 4. Participants completed a task that either drew on visuo-spatial resources or articulatory/auditory resources concurrently with either a PDA navigation or data entry task. The two main findings of the 4 experiments were: Navigation requires more attention than data entry; data entry requires more articulatory/auditory resources while navigation requires both articulatory/auditory and visuo-spatial resources, but more of the latter.
Bose-Einstein Condensation of Helium and Hydrogen inside Bundles of Carbon Nanotubes
Creators: name: Ancilotto, F.
name: Calbi, M. M.
name: Gatica, S. M.
name: Cole, M. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Helium atoms or hydrogen molecules are believed to be strongly bound within the interstitial channels (between three carbon nanotubes) within a bundle of many nanotubes. The effects on adsorption of a nonuniform distribution of tubes are evaluated. The energy of a single particle state is the sum of a discrete transverse energy Et (that depends on the radii of neighboring tubes) and a quasicontinuous energy Ez of relatively free motion parallel to the axis of the tubes. At low temperature, the particles occupy the lowest energy states, the focus of this study. The transverse energy attains a global minimum value (Et=Emin) for radii near Rmin=9.95 Ang. for H2 and 8.48 Ang.for He-4. The density of states N(E) near the lowest energy is found to vary linearly above this threshold value, i.e. N(E) is proportional to (E-Emin). As a result, there occurs a Bose-Einstein condensation of the molecules into the channel with the lowest transverse energy. The transition is characterized approximately as that of a four dimensional gas, neglecting the interactions between the adsorbed particles. The phenomenon is observable, in principle, from a singular heat capacity. The existence of this transition depends on the sample having a relatively broad distribution of radii values that include some near Rmin.
description: 21 pages, 9 figures
A large deviation principle linking lineage statistics to fitness in microbial populations
Creators: name: Levien, Ethan
name: GrandPre, Trevor
name: Amir, Ariel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In exponentially proliferating populations of microbes, the population typically doubles at a rate less than the average doubling time of a single-cell due to variability at the single-cell level. It is known that the distribution of generation times obtained from a single lineage is, in general, insufficient to determine a population's growth rate. Is there an explicit relationship between observables obtained from a single lineage and the population growth rate? We show that a population's growth rate can be represented in terms of averages over isolated lineages. This lineage representation is related to a large deviation principle that is a generic feature of exponentially proliferating populations. Due to the large deviation structure of growing populations, the number of lineages needed to obtain an accurate estimate of the growth rate depends exponentially on the duration of the lineages, leading to a non-monotonic convergence of the estimate, which we verify in both synthetic and experimental data sets.
title: Britain and Menorca in the eighteenth century
Creators: name: Donaldson, David Whamond
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1994

description: Menorca was a British possession for more than seventy years between 1708 and 1802. This thesis traces British influence upon, and involvement with Menorca from the seventeenth century until Spain recovered the island in 1802. Eighteenth-century Menorcan history has been tackled specifically by only two British historians, Ella Murdie (1931) and Desmond Gregory (1990), but neither has drawn upon primary source material which is to be found outside Britain. The following study is based on British archives, on primary sources in Spain, Mallorca and Menorca, and on some hitherto untapped material in Britain and Canada. Chapter one is an account of English interest in Menorca prior to 1708, and chapter two deals with the capture and early years of British de facto rule. The following three chapters analyse the Menorcan social structure, and the island's administrative, judicial and ecclesiastical institutions and organisation. Chapters six and seven examine the role of the military garrison and naval base. Chapter eight illustrates Menorcals vulnerability to attack; chapter nine assesses the impact of British de jure government, and chapter ten is an account of the final British occupation. The last chapter adds a coda to the British presence, and appraises the value of the island to Britain, and of Britain to Menorca. Britain's determination to retain Menorca sprang more from pride than sound judgement. It soured relations with Spain; it ignored the island's poor intrinsic commercial potential, and that Menorcals defence demanded a priority in naval and military resources quite disproportionate to the island's political and strategic importance. Britain gained little from Menorca and lost much, but the reverse was true of the Menorcans. Despite the clash of religion, the generally tolerant British government gave scope for the Menorcans who so chose to benefit socially, culturally, commercially and materially from the British presence.