Gomphostemma pedunculatum 3 enth. ex Hook. f.
Creators: name: Bongcheewin, Bhanubong
name: Ingrouille, Martin J.
name: Paton, Alan J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Lamiales
Lamiaceae
Gomphostemma
Gomphostemma pedunculatum

description: <b> 27. Gomphostemma pedunculatum <i>3enth. ex Hook.f.</i></b> (Hooker 1883: 696); Prain (1891: 266); Mukercee (1920: 212); Li &amp; Hedge (1992: 52); Phuong (2000: 108). Type: India, Khasia Mts, Nurtiung [23.3665°, 92.2165°], 900 m, <i>Hooker &amp; Thomson</i> s.n. (holotype K [Herb. Hookerianum, K000826336]). <i>Gomphostemma inopinatum</i> Prain (1900: 152), <b>synon. nop.</b> Type: Burma, Kachin Hills [26.6833°, 95.2333°], Langkon Post, 900 m [3800 ft], 22 March 1898, <i>Muqim</i> (Prain’ s Collector) s.n. (holotype CAL [CAL0000020316]; isotype K [K000826333]). <i>Gomphostemma nayarii</i> A.S. Chauhan (1986: 182). Type: India, Meghalaya, Khasi Hill, Nongstoin, 3 Sept. 1983, <i>Chauhan</i> 81993A (holotype CAL n.v., ASSAM n.v.). Perennial, decumbent herb up to 0.6 m tall. <i>Stems</i> ascending, woody at base, obtusely quadrangular with longitudinal grooves, tomentose with dendroid hairs and stellate hairs with a multi-celled stalk. <i>Leaoes</i> petiolate, slightly coriaceous, sometimes variegated; blades ovate or elliptic, 10 – 20 (– 33) × 6 – 13 (– 23) cm, apex acute, margin serrate, base attenuate, upper side with stellate hairs and 2 – 3-celled simple hairs, sometimes with only simple hairs, lower side with stellate hairs and dendroid hairs; petioles 20 – 90 mm long. <i>Inflorescence</i> pedunculate, basal, (20 –) 20 – 130 mm long with opposite cymes congested, inserted at the lower nodes from which leaves mostly fallen; verticils fewflowered; peduncles 13 – 130 mm long, with a mixture of dense branched hairs; bracts dark red or red-orange, obovate or ovate, 3 – 20 × 2 – 15 mm, apex acute, margin entire or shallowly serrate, base attenuate, upper side glabrous or glabrescent, lower side with dendroid hairs and simple hairs confined on margin; bracteoles narrowly lanceolate or oblanceolate, 2 – 10 mm long. <i>Flowering calyx</i> dark red or red-orange at the apical part and paler at the basal part, narrowly infundibular, 8 – 12 mm long, 10-ridged, outside with stellate hairs and simple hairs, inside glabrous below or with adpressed simple hairs above; tube 2 – 5 mm long; lobes lanceolate, 2 – 3 mm long, apex acute. <i>Fruiting calyx</i> infundibular, 13 – 13 mm long, inconspicuously ridged, outside with stellate hairs, inside with adpressed simple hairs; tube 5 – 10 mm long; lobes spreading, triangular, 3 – 6 mm long, apex acute. <i>Corolla</i> yellow or red-orange, 23 – 33 mm long, throat inflated, abruptly dilated near the throat; tube slender, incurved, 20 – 23 mm long, outside tomentose, inside usually glabrous, occasionally with an annulus of simple hairs; posterior lip ovate, 3 – 5 mm long, apex slightly emarginate, margin slightly undulate; anterior lip 3-lobed, subequal. <i>Staminal filaments</i> fleshy, tomentose at apical part. <i>Style</i> slender, slightly longer than corolla tube with apex unequally lobed. <i>Nutlets</i> redorange, 1 – 2, oblong, 2 – 3 mm long, wrinkled. <b>DISTRIBUTION.</b> India (Meghalaya), China (Yunnan), Burma, Vietnam, Thailand. Map 5. <b> SPECIMENS EXAMINED. INDIA. Meghalaya. Khasia, 900 m [3000 ft], <i>Hooker &amp; Thomson</i> s.n. (K [Herb. Hookerianum], L, P, TC?);</b> Khasia, Bor Panee, 900 m [3000 ft], 2 Oct. 1830, <i>Hooker &amp; Thomson</i> 2222 (K [Herb. Hookerianum]); Khasia, Nurtiung, 900 m [3000 ft], <i>Hooker &amp; Thomson</i> s.n. (holotype of <i>Gomphostemma pedunculatum</i>, K [Herb. Hookerianum]). <b>CHINA.</b> Yunnan. Che-li Hsien [21.9833°, 100.8165°], 830 m, Sept. 1936, <i>Wang</i> 58559 (KUN);?ehong, Yingciang [22.5165°, 95.9333°], Tongbiguan, 1260 m, 12 July 2009, <i>Xiang</i> 352 (KUN); Gingtung [Ching-tung, 22.2665°, 100.9°], Pang-pieh, 1580 m, 1 Oct. 1939, <i>Li</i> 333 (KUN 2 sheets); Gingtung, Bin-bu, 2200 m, 10 Jan. 1920, <i>Li</i> 2886 (KUN 2 sheets); NW Hills of Yeng Zueh, 23°30&amp;N 98°13&amp;E, 2200 m [8000 ft], Aug. 1923, <i>Forrest</i> 25156 (E); S Hills of Yeng Zueh, 1800 m [6000 ft], July 1919, <i>Forrest</i> 18225 (E, K); Jinping [22.5383°, 103.1639°], Wutaishan, 1300 m, 10 July 1996, <i>Wu et al</i>. 3821 (KUN); Luchun, 23°22&amp;31”N 102°35&amp;23”E, 1100 m, 19 Oct. 2000, <i>Shui &amp; Chen</i> 13283 (KUN); Szemao [22.5665°, 101.0833°], E Mts, 1330 m [2300 ft], <i>Henry</i> 12318A (K); Szemao, W Mts, 1300 m [3000 ft], <i>Henry</i> 12318 (E, K); Tehseling, Shunning [22.3833°, 99.9°], 2000 m, 11 Sept. 1938, <i>Yu</i> 15623 (E 2 sheets, KUN 2 sheets); Western Flank of the Shweli Salwin?ivide, 2200 – 2500 m [8000 – 9000 ft],?ec. 1912, <i>Forrest</i> 9222 (E, K). <b>MYANMAR.</b> Kachin. Upper Burma, Kachin Hills, Langkon Post, 1120 m [3800 ft], 22 March 1898, <i>Muqim</i> (Prain’ s Collector) s.n. (holotype of <i>G. inopinatum</i>, CAL photo; isotype K). <b>VIETNAM.</b> Thua Thien. Binh Tri Thien [now split into Thua Thien Provinc], A Luoi [16.165°, 105.333°], 9 Sept. 1980, <i>Anonymous</i> 639 (HN); Kon Tum.?ak Gley?istr., about 12 km to N of?ak Gley Town (22 km by road), near Mang Ken Village, 1100 – 1200 m, 16 Nov. 1993, <i>Aoeryanoo et al</i>. VH 1510 (AAU). <b>THAILAND.</b> Chiang Mai.?oi Chiang?ao [19.3833°, 98.9°], 23 Oct. 1926, <i>Put</i> 225 (AB?, BK 2 sheets, BM 2 sheets, L, PHN); Mae Awn [Mae On],?oi Lahn, W Side, 1153 m, 23 Oct. 2003, <i>Maxwell</i> 03-392 (CMUB); Mae Rim, Queen Sirikit Botanical Gardens [18.8991°, 98.8603°], Huai Puu, 15 Nov. 2000, <i>Glamwaewwong</i> 2 (QBG); Mae Ton Luang, 18°38&amp;N 98°20&amp;E, 900 m, 23 Nov. 1993, <i>Larsen et al</i>. 22839 (AAU, K); Chiang?ao, Chiang?ao Wildlife Research Station [19.3622°, 98.9218°], 332 m, 23 Oct. 2010, <i>3ongcheewin &amp; Suddee</i> 888 (BKF); Chiang Rai.?oi Tung, Wat Pra That?oi Tung [20.3221°, 99.8328°], 1353 m, 6 Sept. 2006, <i>Maxwell</i> 06-638 (CMUB, QBG); Khun Korn Waterfall [19.8821°, 99.6169°], 653 m, 11 Oct. 1995, <i>KK</i> 216 (BCU); Nan. Sapan Waterfall, few km N of Ban Bo Kluei, E of Road no. 1081, 19°12&amp;N 101°13&amp;E, 600 m, 5 Sept. 1993, <i>Larsen et al</i>. 26162 (AAU). <b>HABITAT.</b> In hill evergreen forest, under shade, along stream, 600 – 1900 m. <b>CONSERVATION STATUS.</b> Widespread; Least Concern (LC). <b>PHENOLOGY</b>. Flowering July –?ecember. Fruiting October – March. <b>NOTES.</b> <i>Gomphostemma pedunculatum</i> is recognised by having dendroid hairs with a multi-celled stalk and a pedunculate inflorescence inserted at the lower nodes, where leaves have fallen completely (see Bongcheewin <i>et al.</i> 2013). Prain (1891) reported that the corolla tube of <i>G. inopinatum</i> showed an annulus inside. Specimen examination across the species distribution revealed that most characters of <i>G. inopinatum</i> are similar to <i>G. pedunculatum</i> so we place <i>G. inopinatum</i> into synonymy here.
description: Published as part of <i>Bongcheewin, Bhanubong, Ingrouille, Martin J. &amp; Paton, Alan J., 2022, A revision of Gomphostemma (Lamiaceae), pp. 27-92 in Kew Bulletin 77 (1)</i> on pages 76-77, DOI: 10.1007/s12225-021-09991-y, http://zenodo.org/record/7615581
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