cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Model independent determination of the CKM phase $γ$ using input from $D^0-\bar{D}^0$ mixing
Creators: name: Harnew, Samuel
name: Rademacker, Jonas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new, amplitude model-independent method to measure the CP violation parameter $γ$ in $B^- \to DK^-$ and related decays. Information on charm interference parameters, usually obtained from charm threshold data, is obtained from charm mixing. By splitting the phase space of the $D$ meson decay into several bins, enough information can be gained to measure $γ$ without input from the charm threshold. We demonstrate the feasibility of this approach with a simulation study of $B^- \to DK^-$ with $D \to K^+ π^- π^+ π^-$. We compare the performance of our novel approach to that of a previously proposed binned analysis which uses charm interference parameters obtained from threshold data. While both methods provide useful constraints, the combination of the two by far outperforms either of them applied on their own. Such an analysis would provide a highly competitive measurement of $γ$. Our simulation studies indicate, subject to assumptions about data yields and the amplitude structure of $D^0 \to K^+ π^- π^+ π^-$, a statistical uncertainty on $γ$ of $\sim 12^{\circ}$ with existing data and $\sim 4^{\circ}$ for the LHCb-upgrade.
Effectiveness and Comfort Assessment of the Novel Intra-oral Bisecting Angle Bisector© and Paralleling RINN® Digital Imaging Receptor Holders in Low Palatal Height Patients
Creators: name: Satmi, Afaf Syahira Ahmad
name: Nurkamilya Halimah Fadilah
name: Mohd Yusmiaidil Putera Mohd Yusof
name: Nor Fazli Adull Manan
name: Jamaluddin Mahmud
name: Shahrul Azam Abdullah
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 110501 Dental Materials and Equipment
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110599 Dentistry not elsewhere classified
subject: Health Care

description: Abstract. This study was performed to assess the effectiveness and comfort of two intraoral imaging
techniques using respective digital radiograph receptor devices/holder in obtaining digital intraoral images.
Methods: A total of 60 patients undergoing anterior intraoral periapical radiographs were single-blindly
recruited. The imaging procedure was performed by two calibrated researchers where the novel holder
group (Bisector©) was prospectively compared to the paralleling technique group, RINN® by performing
thirty radiographic examinations, respectively. All patients were randomly segregated into different groups
using block randomization method. The effectiveness of both holders was quantified based on the repeat
rate percentage and quality of the images. The comfort study was enumerated using the Horizontal Visual
Analogue Scale 100mm (HVAS). The Wilcoxon test (alpha = 0.05) was applied to compare the comfort
score of different types of imaging receptor device reported by the patients. Results: The repeat rate
percentage for Bisector© and RINN® holder devices were 8.9% and 18.6%, respectively (p<0.05). The
median range of the "comfort data" according to conventional and novel intraoral radiographic receptor
holder was 16 mm to 57 mm and 15 mm to 58 mm, respectively. No patients scored more than 74 mm.
Conclusion: The Bisector© holder exhibited lower percentage of repeat as compared to the RINN® holder.
Both groups did not cause major discomfort (mild-moderate pain). The use of novel intraoral bisecting
angle radiographic receptor holder is however recommended to optimize the repeat rate in low palatal
height patients.
The Development of Ciprofloxacin Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Involves Multiple Response Stages and Multiple Proteins
Creators: name: Giddings, M. C.
name: Su, H.-C.
name: Ramkissoon, K.
name: Clark, M.
name: Secrest, A.
name: Doolittle, J.
name: Khatun, J.
name: Wolfgang, M. C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Microbes have developed resistance to nearly every antibiotic, yet the steps leading to drug resistance remain unclear. Here we report a multistage process by which Pseudomonas aeruginosa acquires drug resistance following exposure to ciprofloxacin at levels ranging from 0.5× to 8× the initial MIC. In stage I, susceptible cells are killed en masse by the exposure. In stage II, a small, slow to nongrowing population survives antibiotic exposure that does not exhibit significantly increased resistance according to the MIC measure. In stage III, exhibited at 0.5× to 4× the MIC, a growing population emerges to reconstitute the population, and these cells display heritable increases in drug resistance of up to 50 times the original level. We studied the stage III cells by proteomic methods to uncover differences in the regulatory pathways that are involved in this phenotype, revealing upregulation of phosphorylation on two proteins, succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) and methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (MMSADH), and also revealing upregulation of a highly conserved protein of unknown function. Transposon disruption in the encoding genes for each of these targets substantially dampened the ability of cells to develop the stage III phenotype. Considering these results in combination with computational models of resistance and genomic sequencing results, we postulate that stage III heritable resistance develops from a combination of both genomic mutations and modulation of one or more preexisting cellular pathways.
GeV γ-ray Emission Detected by Fermi-LAT Probably Associated with the Thermal Composite Supernova Remnant Kesteven 41 in a Molecular Environment
Creators: name: Liu, Bing
name: Chen, Yang
name: Zhang, Xiao
name: Zhang, Gao-Yuan
name: Xing, Yi
name: Pannuti, Thomas G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hadron emission from supernova remnant (SNR)-molecular cloud (MC) association systems has been widely regarded as a probe of the shock-accelerated cosmic-ray protons. Here, we report on the detection of a γ-ray emission source, with a significance of 24σ in 0.2-300 GeV, projected to lie to the northwest of the thermal composite SNR Kesteven 41, using 5.6 years of Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT) observation data. No significant long-term variability in the energy range 0.2--300 GeV is detected around this source. The 3σ error circle, 0.09 degree; in radius, covers the 1720MHz OH maser and is essentially consistent with the location of the V_{LSR} ~-50 km/s MC with which the SNR interacts. The source emission has an exponential cutoff power-law spectrum with a photon index of 1.9+/-0.1 and a cutoff energy of 4.0+/-0.9 GeV, and the corresponding 0.2-300 GeV luminosity is ~1.3*10^36 erg/s at a distance of 12 kpc. There is no radio pulsar in the 3σ circle responsible for the high γ-ray luminosity. While the inverse Compton scattering scenario would lead to a difficulty in the electron energy budget, the source emission can naturally be explained by the hadronic interaction between the relativistic protons accelerated by the shock of SNR Kesteven 41 and the adjacent northwestern MC. In this paper, we present a list of Galactic thermal composite SNRs detected at GeV γ-ray energies by Fermi-LAT is presented.
Antiviral Activity, Pharmacokinetics, and Safety of BMS-488043, a Novel Oral Small-Molecule HIV-1 Attachment Inhibitor, in HIV-1-Infected Subjects
Creators: name: Hanna, George J.
name: Hellinger, James A.
name: Lin, Pinfang
name: Krystal, Mark
name: Grasela, Dennis M.
name: Colonno, Richard
name: Wohl, David A.
name: Persson, Anna
name: Nettles, Richard
name: Lalezari, Jacob
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: ABSTRACT BMS-488043 is a novel and unique oral small-molecule inhibitor of the attachment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) to CD4 + lymphocytes. The antiviral activity, pharmacokinetics, viral susceptibility, and safety of BMS-488043 were evaluated in an 8-day monotherapy trial. Thirty HIV-1-infected study subjects were randomly assigned to sequential, safety-guided dose panels of 800 and 1,800 mg BMS-488043 or a matched placebo in a 4:1 ratio, and the drug was administered every 12 h with a high-fat meal for 7 days and on the morning of day 8. Dose-related, albeit less-than-dose-proportional, increases in plasma BMS-488043 concentrations were observed. Mean plasma HIV-1 RNA decreases from the baseline for the BMS-488043 800- and 1,800-mg dose groups on day 8 were 0.72 and 0.96 log 10 copies/ml, respectively, compared with 0.02 log 10 copies/ml for the placebo group. A lower baseline BMS-488043 50% effective concentration (EC 50 ) in the active-treatment groups was predictive of a greater antiviral response. Although absolute drug exposure was not associated with an antiviral response, the trough concentration ( C trough ), adjusted by the baseline EC 50 ( C trough /EC 50 ), was associated with antiviral activity. During dosing, four subjects experienced >10-fold reductions in viral susceptibility to BMS-488043, providing further support of the direct antiviral mechanism of BMS-488043. BMS-488043 was generally safe and well tolerated. These results suggest that further development of this novel class of oral HIV-1 attachment inhibitors is warranted.
Inferring kinetics and entropy production from observable transitions in partially accessible, periodically driven Markov networks
Creators: name: Maier, Alexander M.
name: Degünther, Julius
name: van der Meer, Jann
name: Seifert, Udo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For a network of discrete states with a periodically driven Markovian dynamics, we develop an inference scheme for an external observer who has access to some transitions. Based on waiting-time distributions between these transitions, the periodic probabilities of states connected by these observed transitions and their time-dependent transition rates can be inferred. Moreover, the smallest number of hidden transitions between accessible ones and some of their transition rates can be extracted. We prove and conjecture lower bounds on the total entropy production for such periodic stationary states. Even though our techniques are based on generalizations of known methods for steady states, we obtain original results for those as well.
Appendix from Evaluating the effects of moonlight on the vertical flight profiles of three western palearctic swifts
Creators: name: Hufkens, Koen
name: Meier, Christoph M.
name: Evens, Ruben
name: Paredes, Josefa Arán
name: Karaardiç, Hakan
name: Vercauteren, Stef
name: Gysel, Ann Van
name: Fox, James W.
name: Pacheco, Carlos Miguel
name: da Silva, Luis P.
name: Fernandes, Sandra
name: Henriques, Pedro
name: Elias, Gonçalo
name: Costa, Luís T.
name: Poot, Martin
name: Kearsley, Lyndon
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: Ecology not elsewhere classified
Animal Behaviour

description: Supporting figures and methodological details
Darunavir, Ritonavir, and Etravirine Pharmacokinetics in the Cervicovaginal Fluid and Blood Plasma of HIV-Infected Women
Creators: name: Patterson, Kristine
name: Jennings, Steven
name: Falcon, Ron
name: Mrus, Joseph
name: Kashuba, Angela
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: ABSTRACT We report darunavir, ritonavir, and etravirine pharmacokinetics in cervicovaginal fluid and blood plasma for women from the G ender, R ace a nd C linical E xperience (GRACE) study. Eight women received darunavir-ritonavir (600/100 mg) twice daily (b.i.d.); two also received etravirine (200 mg) b.i.d. Week 4 paired blood plasma and cervicovaginal fluid samples were collected over 12 h. Darunavir and etravirine cervicovaginal fluid exposures were higher than blood plasma exposures; ritonavir cervicovaginal fluid exposure was lower than blood plasma exposure. The high exposures of darunavir and etravirine in cervicovaginal fluid warrant further evaluation of these drugs for use in HIV-1 prevention.
Fast SMBH growth in the SPT2349--56 protocluster at $z=4.3$
Creators: name: Vito, Fabio
name: Brandt, William N.
name: Comastri, Andrea
name: Gilli, Roberto
name: Ivison, Rob J.
name: Lanzuisi, Giorgio
name: Lehmer, Bret D.
name: Lopez, Ivan E.
name: Tozzi, Paolo
name: Vignali, Cristian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Protoclusters at $z>2$ are gas-rich regions characterized by high star-formation activity. The same physical properties that enhance star formation in protoclusters are also thought to boost the growth of SMBHs. We aim to test this scenario by probing the AGN content of SPT2349-56, a massive, gas-rich, and highly star-forming protocluster core at $z=4.3$ discovered as an overdensity of DSFGs, via Chandra (200 ks) observations, and comparing the results with the field environment. We detected two protocluster members, corresponding to an AGN fraction among DSFGs of $\approx10\%$. This value is consistent with other protoclusters at $z=2-4$, but higher than the AGN incidence among DSFGs in the field environment. Both AGN are heavily obscured sources and hosted in star-forming galaxies with $\approx3\times10^{10}\,\mathrm{M_\odot}$ stellar masses. We estimate that the ISM in the host galaxies can contribute significantly to the nuclear obscuration. One of the two AGN is highly luminous ($L_X=2\times10^{45}\,\mathrm{erg\,s^{-1}}$) and Compton-thick ($N_H=2\times10^{24}\,\mathrm{cm^{-2}}$), and likely powered by a $M_{BH}>6\times10^8\,\mathrm{M_\odot}$ SMBH. Its high accretion rate suggests that it is in the phase of efficient growth required to explain the presence of extremely massive SMBHs in the centers of local galaxy clusters. Considering SPT2349-56 and DRC, a similar protocuster at $z=4$, we find that gas-rich protocluster cores at $z\approx4$ enhance the triggering of luminous (log$\frac{L_X}{\mathrm{erg\,s^{-1}}}=45-46$) AGN by 3-5 orders of magnitude with respect to the field environment. Our results indicate that gas-rich protoclusters at high redshift boost the growth of SMBHs, which will likely impact the subsequent evolution of the structures, and thus represent key science targets to obtain a complete understanding of the relation between environment and galaxy evolution.
description: Submitted to A&A, referee comments included
Anti-Influenza a virus of a new oligosaccharide citric acid derivative isolated from Vigna angularis (ohwi et ohashi. var. Dainagon) Seeds
Creators: name: Magdy M. D. Mohammed
name: Kobayashi, Nobuyuki
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: A new oligosaccharide citric acid derivative was isolated by hot aqueous extraction at 85 °C from Vigna angularis seeds, and it was purified using anion exchange chromatography DE-52. The structure was inferred by using UV, 1 D and 2 D NMR spectroscopy and HR-MALDI/MS, and identified as α-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→6)-α-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→6)-α-D-glucopyranosyle-(1→2)-β-D-fructofuranosyle citric acid. The isolated oligosaccharide citric acid derivative revealed promising anti-influenza A virus with 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) of 0.162 nM/mL and 50% cytotoxic dose (CC50) of >2.38 nM/mL.
The Greater Taurus-Auriga Ecosystem. I. There is a Distributed Older Population
Creators: name: Mamajek, E.E.
name: Slesnick, C.L.
name: Carpenter, J.M.
name: Rizzuto, A.C.
name: Kraus, A.L.
name: Hillenbrand, L.A.
name: Mann, A.W.
name: Herczeg, G.J.
Publisher: name: Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 2017

description: The census of Taurus-Auriga has been assembled over seven decades and inherited the biases and incompleteness of the input studies. The unusual shape of its inferred initial mass function (IMF) and the existence of isolated diskbearing stars suggest that additional (likely disk-free) members remain to be discovered. We therefore have begun a global reassessment of the census of Taurus-Auriga that exploits new data and better definitions of youth and kinematic membership. As a first step, we reconsider the membership of all disk-free candidate members from the literature with spectral type ≥F0, 3h50m < a < 5h40m, and 14° < d < 34°. We combine data from the literature with Keck/HIRES and UH88/SNIFS spectra to test the membership of these candidates using the positions in the Hertzsprung-Russel diagram, proper motions, radial velocities, Hα, lithium, and surface gravity. We find 218 confirmed or likely Taurus members, 160 confirmed or likely interlopers, and only 18 that lack sufficient evidence to draw firm conclusions. A significant fraction of these stars (81/218 = 37%) are not included in the most recent canonical member lists. There are few additional members to the immediate vicinity of the molecular clouds, preserving the IMFs that have been deemed anomalous in past work. Many of the likely Taurus members are instead distributed broadly across the search area. When combined with the known disk hosts, our updated census reveals two regimes: a high-density population with a high disk fraction (indicative of youth) that broadly traces the molecular clouds, and a low-density population with low disk fraction (hence likely older) that most likely represents previous generations of star formation.
Strain intermittency in shape-memory alloys
Creators: name: Balandraud, Xavier
name: Barrera, Noemi
name: Biscari, Paolo
name: Grédiac, Michel
name: Zanzotto, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study experimentally the intermittent progress of the mechanically induced martensitic transformation in a Cu-Al-Be single crystal through a full-field measurement technique: the grid method. We utilize an in- house, specially designed gravity-based device, wherein a system controlled by water pumps applies a perfectly monotonic uniaxial load through very small force increments. The sample exhibits hysteretic superelastic behavior during the forward and reverse cubic-monoclinic transformation, produced by the evolution of the strain field of the phase microstructures. The in-plane linear strain components are measured on the sample surface during the loading cycle, and we characterize the strain intermittency in a number of ways, showing the emergence of power-law behavior for the strain avalanching over almost six decades of magnitude. We also describe the nonstationarity and the asymmetry observed in the forward versus reverse transformation. The present experimental approach, which allows for the monitoring of the reversible martensitic transformation both locally and globally in the crystal, proves useful and enhances our capabilities in the analysis and possible control of transition-related phenomena in shape-memory alloys.
description: Four supplementary videos
Modest but Variable Effect of Rifampin on Steady-State Plasma Pharmacokinetics of Efavirenz in Healthy African-American and Caucasian Volunteers
Creators: name: Poethke, Pamela
name: Greenblatt, David J.
name: Tashima, Karen T.
name: Kashuba, Angela D. M.
name: Dumond, Julie B.
name: Kurpewski, Jaclyn
name: Kwara, Awewura
name: Court, Michael H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: ABSTRACT Efavirenz-based antiretroviral regimen is preferred during rifampin-containing tuberculosis therapy. However, current pharmacokinetic data are insufficient to guide optimized concurrent dosing. This study aimed to better characterize the effects of rifampin on efavirenz pharmacokinetics. Subjects were randomized to receive 600 mg efavirenz/day or 600 mg efavirenz with 600 mg rifampin/day for 8 days, with plasma samples collected for pharmacokinetic analysis over 24 h on day 8. Treatments were then crossed over after at least a 2-week washout period, and procedures were repeated. Efavirenz concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated by noncompartmental analysis. Efavirenz pharmacokinetic differences between treatment periods were evaluated by paired t test. The coefficients of variation in efavirenz plasma AUC 0-24 (area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h) were 50% and 56% in the absence and presence of rifampin, respectively. Of the 11 evaluable subjects (6 white, 5 black; 6 women, 5 men), the geometric mean AUC 0-24 ratio on/off rifampin (90% confidence interval) was 0.82 (0.72, 0.92), with individual AUC 0-24 ratios varying from 0.55 to 1.18. Five subjects had a 24-hour efavirenz concentration ( C 24 ) of <1,000 ng/ml on rifampin. They were more likely to have received a lower dose in milligrams/kilogram of body weight and to have lower efavirenz AUC 0-24 values in the basal state. Although rifampin resulted in a modest reduction in efavirenz plasma exposure in subjects as a whole, there was high variability in responses between subjects, suggesting that efavirenz dose adjustment with rifampin may need to be individualized. Body weight and genetic factors will be important covariates in dosing algorithms.
Physicochemical parameters and their sources in groundwater in the Thirupathur region, Tamil Nadu, South India
Creators: name: Pazhuparambil Jayarajan, Sajil Kumar
name: James, E. J.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: This study reports physicochemical characteristics and their sources in groundwater in Thirupathur region in Tamil Nadu, India. For this purpose, groundwater samples were collected and analysed using standard methods. A wide seasonal variation was showed for the majority of the samples; higher concentration was observed in the pre-monsoon season. Concentration of fluoride was quite alarming in many locations. Groundwater is found to be dominated by Na+, Ca+, HCO3 and Cl−. Gibbs plot showed the dominance of rock–water interaction. Geology of the area in comparison with the results obtained in the chemical cross plots showed the dominance of silicate weathering, with a minor contribution from the cation exchange. Other processes such as evaporation dissolution of carbonate and gypsum were proved to be ineffective. However, dissolution of fluoride minerals present in the geological formation is the major source of fluoride in groundwater.
Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Single-Dose Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate and Emtricitabine in HIV-1-Infected Pregnant Women and Their Infants
Creators: name: Flynn, Patricia M.
name: Jean-Philippe, Patrick
name: Mofenson, Lynne M.
name: Rooney, James F.
name: Rodman, John
name: Thorpe, Edwin
name: Shapiro, David E.
name: Bardeguez, Arlene
name: Fiscus, Susan A.
name: Watts, D. Heather
name: Heckman, Barbara
name: Huang, Sharon
name: Kearney, Brian
name: Robbins, Brian
name: Van Rompay, Koen K. A.
name: Mirochnick, Mark
name: Purswani, Murli
name: Cotter, Amanda
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: ABSTRACT Tenofovir (TFV) is effective in preventing simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) transmission in a macaque model, is available as the oral agent tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), and may be useful in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We conducted a trial of TDF and TDF-emtricitabine (FTC) in HIV-infected pregnant women and their infants. Women received a single dose of either 600 mg TDF, 900 mg TDF, or 900 mg TDF-600 mg FTC at labor onset or prior to a cesarean section. Infants received no drug or a single dose of TDF at 4 mg/kg of body weight or of TDF at 4 mg/kg plus FTC at 3 mg/kg as soon as possible after birth. All regimens were safe and well tolerated. Maternal areas under the serum concentration-time curve (AUC) and concentrations at the end of sampling after 24 h ( C 24 ) were similar between the two doses of TDF; the maximum concentrations of the drugs in serum ( C max ) and cord blood concentrations were higher in women delivering via cesarean section than in those who delivered vaginally ( P = 0.04 and 0.046, respectively). The median ratio of the TFV concentration in cord blood to that in the maternal plasma at delivery was 0.73 (range, 0.26 to 1.95). Without TDF administration, infants had a median TFV concentration of 12 ng/ml 12 h after birth. Following administration of a single dose of TDF at 4 mg/kg, infant TFV concentrations fell below the targeted level, 50 ng/ml, by 24 h postdose. In HIV-infected pregnant women and their infants, 600 mg of TDF is acceptable as a single dose during labor. Low concentrations at birth support infant dosing as soon after birth as possible. Rapidly decreasing TFV levels in infants suggest that multiple or higher doses of TDF will be necessary to maintain concentrations that are effective for viral suppression.
Uncovering plant-pollinator interactions and breeding systems of native Brazilian species in Tigridieae (Iridaceae)
Creators: name: Suiane Oleques
name: Radaeski, Jefferson N
name: Soraia Bauerman
name: Chauveau, Olivier
name: Souza-Chies, Tatiana De
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Botany
subject: 60299 Ecology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Iridaceae is one of the largest families of monocots and possesses species with a wide range of flower colors and shapes, which may serve as signals to pollinators. Several South American species of Iridaceae, especially those of Tigridieae, produce floral oils as rewards and are pollinated by oil-collecting bees. The present study aimed to contribute to a deeper understanding of the reproductive biology, pollination ecology and specialization level of interactions of species encompassed in Tigridieae. Data were acquired from breeding and pollination systems of six species native to Southern Brazil. Visitation frequency and pollen load of two functional groups of bees were also investigated. The results strongly suggest that the studied species are distributed along a specialization-generalization continuum. Three oil-producing taxa, namely Cypella herbertii, C. pusilla and C. amplimaculata were pollinated by oil-bees, while in the other two studied species, namely Kelissa brasiliensis, Herbertia pulchella, oil-bees presented a surprisingly distinct behavior which indicate a possible failure as pollinators during oil foraging. New insights into aspects of the pollination systems and breeding systems in this tribe are provided and a continuum of specialization is suggested. This continuum of specialization resulted from the differences in pollinator behavior during oil and pollen foraging at the species studies. Furthermore, the results provide a significant contribution towards a better understanding of specialized plant-pollinator interactions between Iridaceae and oil-collecting bees.
Pharmacokinetics of Intravenous and Oral Linezolid in Adults with Cystic Fibrosis
Creators: name: Pope, J. Samuel
name: Kuti, Joseph L.
name: Knauft, R. Frederic
name: Keel, Rebecca A.
name: Muhlebach, Marianne
name: Nicolau, David P.
name: Kloft, Charlotte
name: Schaeftlein, Andre
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: ABSTRACT Linezolid is a treatment option for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Little is known, however, about its pharmacokinetics in this population. Eight adults with CF were randomized to receive intravenous (i.v.) and oral linezolid at 600 mg twice daily for 9 doses in a crossover design with a 9-day washout. Plasma samples were collected after the first and ninth doses of each phase. Population pharmacokinetic analyses were performed by nonlinear mixed-effects modeling using a previously described 2-compartment model with time-dependent clearance inhibition. Monte Carlo simulation was performed to assess the activities of the linezolid dosing regimens against 42 contemporary MRSA isolates recovered from CF patients. The following pharmacokinetic parameter estimates were observed for the population: absorption rate constant, 1.91 h −1 ; clearance, 9.54 liters/h; volume of central compartment, 26.8 liters; volume of peripheral compartment, 17.3 liters; and intercompartmental clearance, 104 liters/h. Linezolid demonstrated nonlinear clearance after 9 doses, which was reduced by a mean of 38.9% (range, 28.8 to 59.9%). Mean bioavailability was 85% (range, 47 to 131%). At steady state, 600 mg given twice daily produced 93.0% and 87.2% probabilities of obtaining the target pharmacodynamic exposure against the MRSA isolates for the i.v. and oral formulations, respectively. Thrice-daily dosing increased the probabilities to 97.0% and 95.6%, respectively. Linezolid pharmacokinetics in these adults with CF were well described by a 2-compartment model with time-dependent clearance inhibition. Standard i.v. and oral dosing regimens should be sufficient to reliably attain pharmacodynamic targets against most MRSA isolates; however, more frequent dosing may be required for isolates with MICs of ≥2 μg/ml.
Non-Markovian Collective Emission of Giant emitters in the Zeno Regime
Creators: name: Qiu, Qing-Yang
name: Lü, Xin-You
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the collective Zeno dynamics of giant artificial atoms that are coupled, via multiple coupling points, to a common photonic or acoustic reservoir. In this regime, the establishment of atomic cooperativity and the revivification of exponential decay, are highly intertwined, which is utterly beyond the non-Markovian regime with only retarded backaction. We reveal that giant atoms build up their collective emission smoothly from the decay rate of zero to that predicted by Markovian approximation, and show great disparity between different waveguide QED setups. As a comparison, the step-like growth of instantaneous decay rates in the retardation-only picture has also been shown. All of these theoretical pictures predict the same collective behavior in the long time limit. From a phenomenological standpoint, we observe that the atomic superradiance exhabits significant directional property. In addition, the subradiant photons feature prolonged oscillation in the early stage of collective radiance, where the energy is exchanged remarkably between giant emitters and the field. Our results might be probed in state-of-art waveguide QED experiments, and fundamentally broaden the fields of collective emission in systems with giant atoms.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures
Impact of different phase center correction values on GNSS-based positioning and frequency transfer
Creators: name: Kröger, Johannes
name: Elmaghraby, Ahmed
name: Krawinkel, Thomas
name: Kersten, Tobias
name: Breva, Yannick
name: Schön, Steffen
Publisher: name: Hannover : Institutionelles Repositorium der Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: requency transfer
subject: GNSS antennas
subject: GNSS antenna calibration
subject: Frequenztransfer
subject: GNSS Antennen
subject: GNSS Antennenkalibrierung
subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::520 | Astronomie, Kartographie

description: For precise GNSS-based positioning and stable frequency transfer, it is mandatory to take antenna Phase Center Corrections (PCC) into account. They are determined either in an anechoic chamber using simulated signals or in the field using a robot and real GNSS-signals. The PCC are provided as a grid with a typical step size of 5° elevation and azimuth angles in the Antenna Exchange (ANTEX) format as individual calibrations or alternatively as type-mean values. For the same antenna type, PCC differences (dPCC) are present between results from different calibration methods, as well as between individual and type-mean values. In previous work, we proposed a comparison strategy for dPCC. From that, we developed a standardized simulation approach, which allows assessing the impact of multi-GNSS dPCC on station coordinates, troposphere and clock w.r.t. changing processing parameters. Our studies show that the up-component and clock parameter are affected by up to 1 cm. In our contribution, we use the simulation approach to assess the impact of dPCC on EUREF Permanent Network (EPN) station coordinates, clock and troposphere parameters. We will study dPCC between individual and type-mean calibrations. In addition, the impact of different PCC sets on GNSS-based frequency transfer stability will be investigated by means of Allan deviation. To this end, differential receiver clock time series from single differences and PPP approaches are used. We will characterize the noise process apparently induced by dPCC, its magnitude as well as variations with changing satellite geometry and varying PCC grid resolutions.
Curvature correction term as a constraint for the Skyrme interaction
Creators: name: Cherevko, K. V.
name: Bulavin, L. A.
name: Jenkovszky, L. L.
name: Sysoev, V. M.
name: Zhang, Feng-Shou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The curvature correction term to the surface tension is used as a criterion for the efficiency of the Skyrme interaction in describing surface properties. Based on the nuclear equation of state, the curvature correction term to the surface tension coefficient is calculated for 97 standard Skyrme interaction parameter sets in the vicinity of nuclear saturation density at zero temperature. The main idea is to find those parametrizations that give the Tolman's $δ$ correction close to the available theoretical predictions from the statistical theory. Only 59 out of 97 models give satisfactory results. Comparison of the obtained results with the results of the implementation of different macroscopic and microscopic constraints to Skyrme parametrizations available in the literature allows us to select 4 models that satisfy all the constraints.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, 3 appendices
A Potential Substrate Binding Conformation of β-Lactams and Insight into the Broad Spectrum of NDM-1 Activity
Creators: name: He, Lin
name: Yuan, Qinghui
name: Ke, Hengming
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: ABSTRACT New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 1 (NDM-1) is a key enzyme that the pathogen Klebsiella pneumonia uses to hydrolyze almost all β-lactam antibiotics. It is currently unclear why NDM-1 has a broad spectrum of activity. Docking of the representatives of the β-lactam families into the active site of NDM-1 is reported here. All the β-lactams naturally fit the NDM-1 pocket, implying that NDM-1 can accommodate the substrates without dramatic conformation changes. The docking reveals two major binding modes of the β-lactams, which we tentatively name the S (substrate) and I (inhibitor) conformers. In the S conformers of all the β-lactams, the amide oxygen and the carboxylic group conservatively interact with two zinc ions, while the substitutions on the fused rings show dramatic differences in their conformations and positions. Since the bridging hydroxide ion/water in the S conformer is at the position for the nucleophilic attack, the S conformation may simulate the true binding of a substrate to NDM-1. The I conformer either blocks or displaces the bridging hydroxide ion/water, such as in the case of aztreonam, and is thus inhibitory. The docking also suggests that substitutions on the β-lactam ring are required for β-lactams to bind in the S conformation, and therefore, small β-lactams such as clavulanic acid would be inhibitors of NDM-1. Finally, our docking shows that moxalactam uses its tyrosyl-carboxylic group to compete with the S conformer and would thus be a poor substrate of NDM-1.
Compared to Subcutaneous Tenofovir, Oral Tenofovir Disoproxyl Fumarate Administration Preferentially Concentrates the Drug into Gut-Associated Lymphoid Cells in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Macaques
Creators: name: Johnson, Jeffrey A.
name: Abbott, Zachary
name: Jayashankar, Kartika
name: Heneine, Walid
name: Ray, Adrian S.
name: Abel, Kristina
name: Van Rompay, Koen K. A.
name: Babusis, Darius
name: Lipscomb, Jonathan
name: Geng, Yongzhi
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: ABSTRACT To compare tissue-based pharmacokinetics and efficacy of oral tenofovir disoproxyl fumarate (TDF) versus subcutaneous tenofovir (TFV), macaques were treated for 2 weeks starting 1 week after simian immunodeficiency virus inoculation. Despite lower plasma TFV levels in the oral TDF arm, similar TFV diphosphate levels and antiviral activities were measured in lymphoid cells of most tissues. In intestinal tissues, however, oral TDF resulted in higher active drug levels, associated with lower virus levels and better immune preservation.
The Metallicity Distribution and Hot Jupiter Rate of the Kepler Field: Hectochelle High-resolution Spectroscopy for 776 Kepler Target Stars
Creators: name: Latham, D.W.
name: Johnson, J.A.
name: Mann, A.W.
name: Curtis, J.L.
name: Kraus, A.L.
name: Guo, X.
Publisher: name: Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 2017

description: The occurrence rate of hot Jupiters from the Kepler transit survey is roughly half that of radial velocity surveys targeting solar neighborhood stars. One hypothesis to explain this difference is that the two surveys target stars with different stellar metallicity distributions. To test this hypothesis, we measure the metallicity distribution of the Kepler targets using the Hectochelle multi-fiber, high-resolution spectrograph. Limiting our spectroscopic analysis to 610 dwarf stars in our sample with > 3.5, we measure a metallicity distribution characterized by a mean of [M H]mean = -0.045 ± 0.009, in agreement with previous studies of the Kepler field target stars. In comparison, the metallicity distribution of the California Planet Search radial velocity sample has a mean of [M H]CPS,mean = -0.005 ± 0.006, and the samples come from different parent populations according to a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. We refit the exponential relation between the fraction of stars hosting a close-in giant planet and the host star metallicity using a sample of dwarf stars from the California Planet Search with updated metallicities. The best-fit relation tells us that the difference in metallicity between the two samples is insufficient to explain the discrepant hot Jupiter occurrence rates; the metallicity difference would need to be ≃0.2-0.3 dex for perfect agreement. We also show that (sub)giant contamination in the Kepler sample cannot reconcile the two occurrence calculations. We conclude that other factors, such as binary contamination and imperfect stellar properties, must also be at play.
Environmental themes and ecosystem services in picture books about forests for sustainability education
Creators: name: Cho, Hye-Jung
name: Jo, Jang-Hwan
name: Choi, Naya
name: Choi, Jisu
name: Park, Wonyong
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: This study is based on the perspective that picture books about forests can facilitate children’s knowledge and emotions about the forests, functioning as a triggering source to make children act sustainably toward forests. This study used content analysis to explore the presence and association between environmental themes and forest ecosystem services (FES) categories in 169 picture books about forests. The analysis revealed that behavioral themes (e.g. daily environmentally friendly behaviors) and the regulating services (e.g. local climate and air quality control) were less frequently presented in the picture books than other environmental themes and FES. Furthermore, several associations were identified between environmental themes and FES categories. We discuss some implications of the findings for research and practice in using picture books about forests for sustainability education.
Invariant approach to CP in family symmetry models
Creators: name: Branco, Gustavo C.
name: Varzielas, Ivo de Medeiros
name: King, Steve F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose the use of basis invariants, valid for any choice of CP transformation, as a powerful approach to studying specific models of CP violation in the presence of discrete family symmetries. We illustrate the virtues of this approach for examples based on $A_4$ and $Δ(27)$ family symmetries. For $A_4$, we show how to elegantly obtain several known results in the literature. In $Δ(27)$ we use the invariant approach to identify how explicit (rather than spontaneous) CP violation arises, which is geometrical in nature, i.e. persisting for arbitrary couplings in the Lagrangian.
description: 4 pages plus references. v2: to be published in PRD
Evaluation of Arylimidamides DB1955 and DB1960 as Candidates against Visceral Leishmaniasis and Chagas' Disease: In Vivo Efficacy, Acute Toxicity, Pharmacokinetics, and Toxicology Studies
Creators: name: da Gama Jaen Batista, Denise
name: Zhu, Xiaohua
name: Munde, Manoj
name: Green, Carol E.
name: Wang, Michael Zhuo
name: Wilson, W. David
name: Yang, Sihyung
name: de Nazaré Correia Soeiro, Maria
name: Stephens, Chad E.
name: da Silva, Cristiane França
name: Mello de Souza, Elen
name: Werbovetz, Karl A.
name: Mirsalis, Jon C.
name: Boykin, David W.
name: Farahat, Abdelbasset A.
name: Parman, Toufan
name: Liu, Qiang
name: Banerjee, Moloy
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: ABSTRACT Arylimidamides (AIAs) have shown outstanding in vitro potency against intracellular kinetoplastid parasites, and the AIA 2,5-bis[2-(2-propoxy)-4-(2-pyridylimino)aminophenyl]furan dihydrochloride (DB766) displayed good in vivo efficacy in rodent models of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and Chagas' disease. In an attempt to further increase the solubility and in vivo antikinetoplastid potential of DB766, the mesylate salt of this compound and that of the closely related AIA 2,5-bis[2-(2-cyclopentyloxy)-4-(2-pyridylimino)aminophenyl]furan hydrochloride (DB1852) were prepared. These two mesylate salts, designated DB1960 and DB1955, respectively, exhibited dose-dependent activity in the murine model of VL, with DB1960 inhibiting liver parasitemia by 51% at an oral dose of 100 mg/kg/day × 5 and DB1955 reducing liver parasitemia by 57% when given by the same dosing regimen. In a murine Trypanosoma cruzi infection model, DB1960 decreased the peak parasitemia levels that occurred at 8 days postinfection by 46% when given orally at 100 mg/kg/day × 5, while DB1955 had no effect on peak parasitemia levels when administered by the same dosing regimen. Distribution studies revealed that these compounds accumulated to micromolar levels in the liver, spleen, and kidneys but to a lesser extent in the heart, brain, and plasma. A 5-day repeat-dose toxicology study with DB1960 and DB1955 was also conducted with female BALB/c mice, with the compounds administered orally at 100, 200, and 500 mg/kg/day. In the high-dose groups, DB1960 caused changes in serum chemistry, with statistically significant increases in serum blood urea nitrogen, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase levels, and a 21% decrease in body weight was observed in this group. These changes were consistent with microscopic findings in the livers and kidneys of the treated animals. The incidences of observed clinical signs (hunched posture, tachypnea, tremors, and ruffled fur) were more frequent in DB1960-treated groups than in those treated with DB1955. However, histopathological examination of tissue samples indicated that both compounds had adverse effects at all dose levels.
Symmetry-controlled SrRuO3/SrTiO3/SrRuO3 magnetic tunnel junctions:Spin polarization and its relevance to tunneling magnetoresistance
Creators: name: Samanta, Kartik
name: Tsymbal, Evgeny Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs), that consist of two ferromagnetic electrodes separated by an insulating barrier layer, have non-trivial fundamental properties associated with spin-dependent tunneling. Especially interesting are fully crystalline MTJs where spin-dependent tunneling is controlled by the symmetry group of wave vector. In this work, using first-principles quantum-transport calculations, we explore spin-dependent tunneling in fully crystalline SrRuO3/SrTiO3/SrRuO3 (001) MTJs and predict tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) of nearly 3000%. We demonstrate that this giant TMR effect is driven by symmetry matching (mismatching) of the incoming and outcoming Bloch states in the SrRuO3 (001) electrodes and evanescent states in the SrTiO3 (001) barrier. We argue that under the conditions of symmetry-controlled transport, spin polarization, whatever definition is used, is not a relevant measure of spin-dependent tunneling. In the presence of diffuse scattering, however, e.g. due to localized states in the band gap of the tunnel barrier, symmetry matching is no longer valid and TMR in SrRuO3/SrTiO3/SrRuO3 (001) MTJs is strongly reduced. Under these conditions, the spin polarization of the interface transmission function becomes a valid measure of TMR. These results provide an important insight into understanding and optimizing TMR in all-oxide MTJs.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures