cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Higher homotopy commutativity in localized Lie groups and gauge groups
Creators: name: Hasui, Sho
name: Kishimoto, Daisuke
name: Tsutaya, Mitsunobu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The first aim of this paper is to study the $p$-local higher homotopy commutativity of Lie groups in the sense of Sugawara. The second aim is to apply this result to the $p$-local higher homotopy commutativity of gauge groups. Although the higher homotopy commutativity of Lie groups in the sense of Williams is already known, the higher homotopy commutativity in the sense of Sugawara is necessary for this application. The third aim is to resolve the $5$-local higher homotopy non-commutativity problem of the exceptional Lie group $\mathrm{G}_2$, which has been open for a long time.
description: 19 pages
Correspondence between open bosonic systems and stochastic differential equations
Creators: name: Engel, Alexander
name: Parker, Scott E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bosonic mean-field theories can approximate the dynamics of systems of $n$ bosons provided that $n \gg 1$. We show that there can also be an exact correspondence at finite $n$ when the bosonic system is generalized to include interactions with the environment and the mean-field theory is replaced by a stochastic differential equation. When the $n \to \infty$ limit is taken, the stochastic terms in this differential equation vanish, and a mean-field theory is recovered. Besides providing insight into the differences between the behavior of finite quantum systems and their classical limits given by $n \to \infty$, the developed mathematics can provide a basis for quantum algorithms that solve some stochastic nonlinear differential equations. We discuss conditions on the efficiency of these quantum algorithms, with a focus on the possibility for the complexity to be polynomial in the log of the stochastic system size. A particular system with the form of a stochastic discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation is analyzed in more detail.
description: 50 pages, 0 figures
Injective stabilization of additive functors. II. (Co)torsion and the Auslander-Gruson-Jensen functor
Creators: name: Martsinkovsky, Alex
name: Russell, Jeremy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The formalism of injective stabilization of additive functors is used to define a new notion of the torsion submodule of a module. It applies to arbitrary modules over arbitrary rings. For arbitrary modules over commutative domains it coincides with the classical torsion, and for finitely presented modules over arbitrary rings it coincides with the Bass torsion. A formally dual approach -- based on projective stabilization -- gives rise to a new concept: the cotorsion quotient module of a module. This is done in complete generality -- the new concept is defined for any module over any ring. Unlike torsion, cotorsion does not have classical prototypes. General properties of these constructs are established. It is shown that the Auslander-Gruson-Jensen functor applied to the cotorsion functor returns the torsion functor. As a consequence, a ring is one-sided absolutely pure if and only if each pure injective on the other side is cotorsion-free. If the injective envelope of the ring is finitely presented, then the right adjoint of the Auslander-Gruson-Jensen functor applied to the torsion functor returns the cotorsion functor. This correspondence establishes a duality between torsion and cotorsion over such rings. In particular, this duality applies to artin algebras. It is also shown that, over any ring, the character module of the torsion of a module is isomorphic to the cotorsion of the character module of the module. Under various finiteness conditions on the injective envelope of the ring, the derived functors of torsion and cotorsion are computed.
description: 35 pages. A major update, with a total of 13 pages and numerous new results added. The most significant aspect of this version is the fundamental role played by the trace of injectives and, as a consequence, a determination of all derived functors of torsion and cotorsion over rings with a suitable finiteness condition. New material is typeset in purple and blue colors
Reconstructing the cosmological density and velocity fields from redshifted galaxy distributions using V-net
Creators: name: Qin, Fei
name: Parkinson, David
name: Hong, Sungwook E.
name: Sabiu, Cristiano G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The distribution of matter that is measured through galaxy redshift and peculiar velocity surveys can be harnessed to learn about the physics of dark matter, dark energy, and the nature of gravity. To improve our understanding of the matter of the Universe, we can reconstruct the full density and velocity fields from the galaxies that act as tracer particles. In this paper, we use the simulated halos as proxies for the galaxies. We use a convolutional neural network, a V-net, trained on numerical simulations of structure formation to reconstruct the density and velocity fields. We find that, with detailed tuning of the loss function, the V-net could produce better fits to the density field in the high-density and low-density regions, and improved predictions for the probability distribution of the amplitudes of the velocities. However, the weights will reduce the precision of the estimated $β$ parameter. We also find that the redshift-space distortions of the halo catalogue do not significantly contaminate the reconstructed real-space density and velocity field. We estimate the velocity field $β$ parameter by comparing the peculiar velocities of halo catalogues to the reconstructed velocity fields, and find the estimated $β$ values agree with the fiducial value at the 68\% confidence level.
description: 25 pages, 18 figures, 2 tables. Published JCAP
Quantum Spin Stabilized Magnetic Levitation
Creators: name: Rusconi, Cosimo C.
name: Pöchhacker, Vera
name: Kustura, Katja
name: Cirac, J. Ignacio
name: Romero-Isart, Oriol
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically show that, despite Earnshaw's theorem, a non-rotating single magnetic domain nanoparticle can be stably levitated in an external static magnetic field. The stabilization relies on the quantum spin origin of magnetization, namely the gyromagnetic effect. We predict the existence of two stable phases related to the Einstein--de Haas effect and the Larmor precession. At a stable point, we derive a quadratic Hamiltonian that describes the quantum fluctuations of the degrees of freedom of the system. We show that in the absence of thermal fluctuations, the quantum state of the nanomagnet at the equilibrium point contains entanglement and squeezing.
description: Published version. 5 pages, 2 figures
An impossibility theorem for paired comparisons
Creators: name: Csató, László
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 15A06, 91B14

description: In several decision-making problems, alternatives should be ranked on the basis of paired comparisons between them. We present an axiomatic approach for the universal ranking problem with arbitrary preference intensities, incomplete and multiple comparisons. In particular, two basic properties -- independence of irrelevant matches and self-consistency -- are considered. It is revealed that there exists no ranking method satisfying both requirements at the same time. The impossibility result holds under various restrictions on the set of ranking problems, however, it does not emerge in the case of round-robin tournaments. An interesting and more general possibility result is obtained by restricting the domain of independence of irrelevant matches through the concept of macrovertex.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures
Fidelity-based supervised and unsupervised learning for binary classification of quantum states
Creators: name: Shahi, Farzad
name: Rezakhani, Ali T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we develop two quantum-computational models for supervised and unsupervised classification tasks in quantum world. Presuming that the states of a set of given quantum systems (or objects) belong to one of two known classes, the objective here is to decide to which of these classes each system belongs -- without knowing its state. The supervised binary classification algorithm is based on having a training sample of quantum systems whose class memberships are already known. The unsupervised binary classification algorithm, however, uses a quantum oracle which knows the class memberships of the states of the computational basis. Both algorithms require the ability to evaluate the fidelity between states of the quantum systems with unknown states, for which here we also develop a general scheme.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, revised; close to the published version
A IMPORTÂNCIA DA SAE NO AMBIENTE DE SAÚDE PARA O RESULTADO EFICAZ NO ATENDIMENTO AO PACIENTE
Creators: name: Lorena Marques S. Moura Ferraz
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Processo de enfermagem; Autonomia profissional; Implementação.

description: Essa sistematização da assistência de enfermagem admite ao profissional uma abordagem de individualização e humanização do cuidado prestado ao paciente. Processo muito importante para a implantação da prática da SAE, entendida como instrumento facilitador do processo de avaliação da qualidade do atendimento. Introduzida mundialmente nas décadas de 1920 e 1930, no Brasil iniciou a sua implantação na década de 1970. Em 2002 o Conselho Federal de Enfermagem (COFEN) instituiu a obrigatoriedade da implementação da SAE em toda instituição de saúde, seja pública ou privada. Em 2009, o COFEN estabeleceu uma nova resolução que considera a SAE como método organizacional para a aplicação do Processo de Enfermagem (PE). SAE contribui para a organização do cuidado aos pacientes, tornando possível a operacionalização do processo de enfermagem. Dificuldades em relação à implantação da SAE fatores que interferem tanto na aplicação tanto de origem organizacional (política, normas e objetivos do serviço), como profissionais (atitudes, crenças, valores e habilidades técnicas e intelectuais). É considerada um desafio sua implantação, tanto para o gerenciamento da assistência quanto para o enfermeiro, exige empenho e criatividade para a sua elaboração e execução, além enfermeiros não têm a SAE estruturada, que dificulta a implantação. Entre as dificuldades de natureza organizacional temos algumas como a carência de profissionais de enfermagem, sobrecarga de trabalho e a falta de tempo para assistir com qualidade os pacientes entre outras. Temos as dificuldades de natureza operacional, como por exemplo a falta de comprometimento da equipe de enfermagem, despreparo da equipe na capacitação em realizar tarefas com exigência da SAE, resistência das demais profissões que compõem a equipe de saúde pelo desconhecimento do diagnóstico de enfermagem, que compõe a SAE (2ª etapa). Portanto, quando implantada com sucesso a SAE, temos uma assistência de excelência, individualizada, humanizada, competente.
A novel derivation of quantum propagator useful for time-dependent trapping and control
Creators: name: Kheirandish, Fardin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel derivation of quantum propagator of a system described by a general quadratic Lagrangian is presented in the framework of Heisenberg equations of motion. The general corresponding density matrix is obtained for a derived quantum harmonic oscillator and a particle confined in a one dimensional Paul trap. Total mean energy, work and absorbed heat, Wigner function and excitation probabilities are found explicitly. The method presented here is based on the Heisenberg representation of position and momentum operators and can be generalized to a system consisting of a set of linearly interacting harmonic oscillators straightforwardly.
description: 12 pages, revised version, to be published in The European Physical Journal Plus
$L^p$-valued stochastic convolution integral driven by Volterra noise
Creators: name: Čoupek, Petr
name: Maslowski, Bohdan
name: Ondreját, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60H05, 60H15

description: Space-time regularity of linear stochastic partial differential equations is studied. The solution is defined in the mild sense in the state space $L^p$. The corresponding regularity is obtained by showing that the stochastic convolution integrals are Hölder continuous in a suitable function space. In particular cases, this allows to show space-time Hölder continuity of the solution. The main tool used is a hypercontractivity result on Banach-space valued random variables in a finite Wiener chaos.
description: Accepted manuscript
A Biosecurity Risk Research Portal to Inform Decision-Making
Creators: name: Kneebone, Les
Publisher: name: University of Melbourne
Year: 2022
Subjects: classificationCode: 410202
subject: Biosecurity science and invasive species ecology
classificationCode: 300409
subject: Crop and pasture protection (incl. pests, diseases and weeds)
classificationCode: 300503
subject: Fish pests and diseases
classificationCode: 300804
subject: Horticultural crop protection (incl. pests, diseases and weeds)

description: Currently, biosecurity research priorities are decided without complete information about what has already been done and is currently underway, and where there are knowledge gaps. To streamline and make research project development more transparent and scientifically robust, the portal will be used to efficiently identify gaps in biosecurity research and flag existing parallel work. Through a digital library searchable interface, users can access relevant innovations, technology, analytics, and insights from biosecurity research to proactively inform investments.
Heterogeneous integration of superconducting thin films and epitaxial semiconductor heterostructures with Lithium Niobate
Creators: name: Lienhart, Michelle
name: Choquer, Michael
name: Nysten, Emeline D. S.
name: Weiß, Matthias
name: Müller, Kai
name: Finley, Jonathan J.
name: Moody, Galan
name: Krenner, Hubert J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on scalable heterointegration of superconducting electrodes and epitaxial semiconductor quantum dots on strong piezoelectric and optically nonlinear lithium niobate. The implemented processes combine the sputter-deposited thin film superconductor niobium nitride and III-V compound semiconductor membranes onto the host substrate. The superconducting thin film is employed as a zero-resistivity electrode material for a surface acoustic wave resonator with internal quality factors $Q \approx 17000$ representing a three-fold enhancement compared to identical devices with normal conducting electrodes. Superconducting operation of $\approx 400\,\mathrm{MHz}$ resonators is achieved to temperatures $T>7\,\mathrm{K}$ and electrical radio frequency powers $P_{\mathrm{rf}}>+9\,\mathrm{dBm}$. Heterogeneously integrated single quantum dots couple to the resonant phononic field of the surface acoustic wave resonator operated in the superconducting regime. Position and frequency selective coupling mediated by deformation potential coupling is validated using time-integrated and time-resolved optical spectroscopy. Furthermore, acoustoelectric charge state control is achieved in a modified device geometry harnessing large piezoelectric fields inside the resonator. The hybrid quantum dot - surface acoustic wave resonator can be scaled to higher operation frequencies and smaller mode volumes for quantum phase modulation and transduction between photons and phonons via the quantum dot. Finally, the employed materials allow for the realization of other types of optoelectronic devices, including superconducting single photon detectors and integrated photonic and phononic circuits.
description: submitted manuscript
Mach--Zehnder-like interferometry with graphene nanoribbon networks
Creators: name: Sanz, Sofia
name: Papior, Nick
name: Giedke, Géza
name: Sánchez-Portal, Daniel
name: Brandbyge, Mads
name: Frederiksen, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study theoretically electron interference in a Mach--Zehnder-like geometry formed by four zigzag graphene nanoribbons (ZGNRs) arranged in parallel pairs, one on top of the other, such that they form intersection angles of 60$^\circ$. Depending on the interribbon separation, each intersection can be tuned to act either as an electron beam splitter or as a mirror, enabling tuneable circuitry with interfering pathways. Based on the mean-field Hubbard model and Green's function techniques, we evaluate the electron transport properties of such 8-terminal devices and identify pairs of terminals that are subject to self-interference. We further show that the scattering matrix formalism in the approximation of independent scattering at the four individual junctions provides accurate results as compared with the Green's function description, allowing for a simple interpretation of the interference process between two dominant pathways. This enables us to characterize the device sensitivity to phase shifts from an external magnetic flux according to the Aharonov--Bohm effect as well as from small geometric variations in the two path lengths. The proposed devices could find applications as magnetic field sensors and as detectors of phase shifts induced by local scatterers on the different segments, such as adsorbates, impurities or defects. The setup could also be used to create and study quantum entanglement.
T-branes, monopoles and S-duality
Creators: name: Collinucci, Andres
name: Giacomelli, Simone
name: Valandro, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: M2 branes probing T-brane backgrounds in M-theory with ADE surface singularities perceive deformations on their worldvolume superpotentials by monopole operators. The dynamics and moduli spaces of the resulting theories can be studied using a dual description involving conventional superpotential terms and (the dimensional reduction of) class S trinion theories. By using the S-dual description of N=2 SU(N) SQCD with 2N flavors in four dimensions, we are able to study T-branes corresponding to all minimal nilpotent orbits for the whole ADE series. Our proposed dualities are supported by the match in squashed sphere partition functions.
description: 59 pages, 25 figures; added Section 7 where we checked the proposed duality by sphere partition function computations
Cross-polarization extinction enhancement and spin-orbit coupling of light for quantum-dot cavity-QED spectroscopy
Creators: name: Steindl, P.
name: Frey, J. A.
name: Norman, J.
name: Bowers, J. E.
name: Bouwmeester, D.
name: Löffler, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Resonant laser spectroscopy is essential for the characterization, operation, and manipulation of single quantum systems such as semiconductor quantum dots. The separation of the weak resonance fluorescence from the excitation laser is key for high-quality single- and entangled photon sources. This is often achieved by cross-polarization laser extinction, which is limited by the quality of the optical elements. Recently, it was discovered that Fresnel-reflection birefringence in combination with single-mode filtering counteracting spin-orbit coupling effects enables a three-order of magnitude improvement of polarization extinction [PRX 11, 021007 (2021)]. Here, we first investigate multiple reflections and analyze beam reshaping, and observe that the single-reflection extinction enhancement is optimal. We then demonstrate this method for cross-polarization extinction enhancement for a resonantly excited semiconductor quantum dot in a birefringent optical micro cavity, and observe a 10x improvement of single-photon contrast.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Asymbiotic germination, seedling establishment and fungal uptake of Pterostylis montana and P. paludosa, two orchid species endemic to New Zealand
Creators: name: van der Walt, Karin
name: Lehnebach, Carlos A.
name: Alderton-Moss, Jennifer
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Asymbiotic germination of orchid seeds has been successful for many species, and this could be an important method to generate seedlings to restore threatened populations. However, successful reintroduction of orchids into wild habitats depends on establishment of mycorrhizal symbioses. This communication reports on asymbiotic methods used to propagate two greenhood species endemic to New Zealand, Pterostylis montana (Not Threatened) and P. paludosa (At Risk – Declining). We furthermore investigated whether asymbiotically generated seedlings were colonised with orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF) when introduced to soil collected from natural forest areas where these species are not known to occur. We found that seedlings transferred to natural soil hosted at least seven different endophytic fungi, but no known OMF. We caution against the use of asymbiotically germinated seeds for reintroductions before getting a better understanding of the dynamics of mycorrhizal infections and their distribution in the soil.
Tunable Electron Transport in Defect-Engineered PdSe$_\mathrm{2}$
Creators: name: Kundu, Tanima
name: Pal, Barnik
name: Das, Bikash
name: Paramanik, Rahul
name: Maity, Sujan
name: Ghosh, Anudeepa
name: Palit, Mainak
name: Kopciuszynski, Marek
name: Barinov, Alexei
name: Mahatha, Sanjoy Kr
name: Datta, Subhadeep
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tuning the ambipolar behavior in charge carrier transport via defect-engineering is crucial for achieving high mobility transistors for nonlinear logic circuits. Here, we present the electric-field tunable electron and hole transport in a microchannel device consisting of highly air-stable van der Waals (vdW) noble metal dichalcogenide (NMDC), PdSe$_\mathrm{2}$, as an active layer. Pristine bulk PdSe$_\mathrm{2}$ constitutes Se surface vacancy defects created during the growth or exfoliation process and offers an ambipolar transfer characteristics with a slight electron dominance recorded in field-effect transistor (FET) characteristics showing an ON/OFF ratio < 10 and electron mobility ~ 21 cm$^2$/V.s. However, transfer characteristics of PdSe$_\mathrm{2}$ can be tuned to a hole-dominated transport while using hydrochloric acid (HCl) as a $p$-type dopant. On the other hand, the chelating agent EDTA, being a strong electron donor, enhances the electron-dominance in PdSe$_\mathrm{2}$ channel. In addition, $p$-type behavior with a 100 times higher ON/OFF ratio is obtained while cooling the sample down to 10 K. Low-temperature angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy resembles the $p$-type band structure of PdSe$_\mathrm{2}$ single crystal. Also, first principle density functional theory calculations justify the tunability observed in PdSe$_\mathrm{2}$ as a result of defect-engineering. Such a defect-sensitive ambipolar vdW architecture may open up new possibilities towards future CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) device fabrications and high performance integrated circuits.
Knowledge about the source of emotion predicts emotion regulation attempts, strategies and perceived emotion regulation success
Creators: name: Millgram, Yael
name: Goldenberg, Amit
name: Bailey, David D.
name: Nock, Matthew
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Data files, code, and materials for: Millgram, Y., Nock, K. M., Bailey, D. D., & Goldenberg, A. (in press). Knowledge about the source of emotion predicts emotion regulation attempts, strategies and perceived regulation success. Psychological Science
ga-ZIP model.qmd
Creators: name: Luan, Hui
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 490507
subject: Spatial statistics

description: This file provides the code needed to replicate the analysis in the article accepted by Geographical Analysis: "Spatiotemporal patterns of late HIV diagnosis in Philadelphia at a small-area level, 2011 – 2016: A Bayesian modelling approach accounting for excess zeros". The analyzed late HIV diagnosis data was obtained from the Philadelphia Department of Public Health. Unfortunately, we cannot share the data set. Interested users are encouraged to contact the department for data access.
Permutation Orbifolds and Chaos
Creators: name: Belin, Alexandre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study out-of-time-ordered correlation functions in permutation orbifolds at large central charge. We show that they do not decay at late times for arbitrary choices of low-dimension operators, indicating that permutation orbifolds are non-chaotic theories. This is in agreement with the fact they are free discrete gauge theories and should be integrable rather than chaotic. We comment on the early-time behaviour of the correlators as well as the deformation to strong coupling.
description: 15 pages, v2: more references and additional comments in the introduction
Streaking single-electron ionization in open-shell molecules driven by X-ray pulses
Creators: name: Mountney, M. E.
name: Driver, T. C.
name: Marinelli, A.
name: Kling, M. F.
name: Cryan, J. P.
name: Emmanouilidou, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain continuum molecular wavefunctions for open-shell molecules in the Hartree-Fock framework. We do so while accounting for the singlet or triplet total spin symmetry of the molecular ion, that is, of the open-shell orbital and the initial orbital where the electron ionizes from. Using these continuum wavefunctions, we obtain the dipole matrix elements for a core electron that ionizes due to single-photon absorption by a linearly polarized X-ray pulse. After ionization from the X-ray pulse, we control or streak the electron dynamics using a circularly polarized infrared (IR) pulse. For a high intensity IR pulse and photon energies of the X-ray pulse close to the ionization threshold of the $1σ$ or $2σ$ orbitals, we achieve control of the angle of escape of the ionizing electron by varying the phase delay between the X-ray and IR pulses. For a low intensity IR pulse, we obtain final electron momenta distributions on the plane of the IR pulse and we find that many features of these distributions correspond to the angular patterns of electron escape solely due to the X-ray pulse.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
Magnetic fragmentation and fractionalized Goldstone modes in a bilayer quantum spin liquid
Creators: name: Vijayvargia, Aayush
name: Nica, Emilian Marius
name: Moessner, Roderich
name: Lu, Yuan-Ming
name: Erten, Onur
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the phase diagram of a bilayer quantum spin liquid model with Kitaev-type interactions on a square lattice. We show that the low energy limit is described by a $π$-flux Hubbard model with an enhanced SO(4) symmetry. The antiferromagnetic Mott transition of the Hubbard model signals a magnetic fragmentation transition for the spin and orbital degrees of freedom of the bilayer. The fragmented "Néel order" features a non-local string order parameter for an in-plane Néel component, in addition to an anisotropic local order parameter. The associated quantum order is characterized by an emergent $\mathbb{Z}_{2} \times \mathbb{Z}_{2}$ gauge field when the Néel vector is along the $\hat{z}$ direction, and a $\mathbb{Z}_2$ gauge field otherwise. We underpin these results with a perturbative calculation, which is consistent with the field theory analysis. We conclude with a discussion on the low energy collective excitations of these phases and show that the Goldstone boson of the $\mathbb{Z}_{2} \times \mathbb{Z}_{2}$ phase is fractionalized and non-local.
description: 26 pages, 7 figures
Role of the orbital degree of freedom in iron-based superconductors
Creators: name: Yi, Ming
name: Zhang, Yan
name: Shen, Zhi-Xun
name: Lu, Donghui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Almost a decade has passed since the serendipitous discovery of the iron-based high temperature superconductors (FeSCs) in 2008. The question of how much similarity the FeSCs have with the copper oxide high temperature superconductors emerged since the initial discovery of long-range antiferromagnetism in the FeSCs in proximity to superconductivity. Despite the great resemblance in their phase diagrams, there exist important disparities between FeSCs and cuprates that need to be considered in order to paint a full picture of these two families of high temperature superconductors. One of the key differences lies in the multi-orbital multi-band nature of FeSCs, in contrast to the effective single-band model for cuprates. Due to the complexity of multi-orbital band structures, the orbital degree of freedom is often neglected in formulating the theoretical models for FeSCs. On the experimental side, systematic studies of the orbital related phenomena in FeSCs have been largely lacking. In this review, we summarize angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) measurements across various FeSC families in literature, focusing on the systematic trend of orbital dependent electron correlations and the role of different Fe 3d orbitals in driving the nematic transition, the spin-density-wave transition, and implications for superconductivity.
description: final published version
All-microwave leakage reduction units for quantum error correction with superconducting transmon qubits
Creators: name: Marques, J. F.
name: Ali, H.
name: Varbanov, B. M.
name: Finkel, M.
name: Veen, H. M.
name: van der Meer, S. L. M.
name: Valles-Sanclemente, S.
name: Muthusubramanian, N.
name: Beekman, M.
name: Haider, N.
name: Terhal, B. M.
name: DiCarlo, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Minimizing leakage from computational states is a challenge when using many-level systems like superconducting quantum circuits as qubits. We realize and extend the quantum-hardware-efficient, all-microwave leakage reduction unit (LRU) for transmons in a circuit QED architecture proposed by Battistel et al. This LRU effectively reduces leakage in the second- and third-excited transmon states with up to $99\% $ efficacy in $220~\mathrm{ns}$, with minimum impact on the qubit subspace. As a first application in the context of quantum error correction, we demonstrate the ability of multiple simultaneous LRUs to reduce the error detection rate and to suppress leakage buildup within $1\%$ in data and ancilla qubits over 50 cycles of a weight-2 parity measurement.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures, 1 table; typos corrected
Condensed-phase molecular representation to link structure and thermodynamics in molecular dynamics
Creators: name: Mohr, Bernadette
name: van der Mast, Diego
name: Bereau, Tristan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular design requires systematic and broadly applicable methods to extract structure-property relationships. The focus of this study is on learning thermodynamic properties from molecular-liquid simulations. The methodology relies on an atomic representation originally developed for electronic properties: the Spectrum of London and Axilrod-Teller-Muto representation (SLATM). SLATM's expansion in one-, two-, and three-body interactions makes it amenable to probing structural ordering in molecular liquids. We show that such representation encodes enough critical information to permit the learning of thermodynamic properties via linear methods. We demonstrate our approach on the preferential insertion of small solute molecules toward cardiolipin membranes and monitor selectivity against a similar lipid. Our analysis reveals simple, interpretable relationships between two- and three-body interactions and selectivity, identifies key interactions to build optimal prototypical solutes, and charts a two-dimensional projection that displays clearly separated basins. The methodology is generally applicable to a variety of thermodynamic properties.
The continuum approach to the BF vacuum: the U(1) case
Creators: name: Drobiński, Patryk
name: Lewandowski, Jerzy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A quantum representation of holonomies and exponentiated fluxes of a $U(1)$ gauge theory that contains the Pullin-Dittrich-Geiller (DG) vacuum is presented and discussed. Our quantization is performed manifestly in a continuum theory, without any discretization. The discretness emerges on the quantum level as a property of the spectrum of the quantum holonomy operators. The new type of a cylindrical consistency present in the DG approach, now follows easily and naturally. A generalization to the non--Abelian case seems possible.
description: 13 pages
An on-demand source of non-local energy-entangled quantum states using Levitons
Creators: name: Bertin-Johannet, Bruno
name: Raymond, Laurent
name: Ronetti, Flavio
name: Rech, Jérôme
name: Jonckheere, Thibaut
name: Grémaud, Benoît
name: Martin, Thierry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a device where Electronic Quantum Optics (EQO) is combined with a BCS superconductor -- a reservoir of Cooper pairs. With spin polarized wave guides, this version of the Cooper pair beam splitter is driven by an AC drive, and observables such as period-averaged noise are computed using a Keldysh-Nambu-Floquet formalism. When the (low frequency) voltage applied to the superconductor consists of a train of periodic Lorentzian pulses and the Andreev regime is specified (large gap limit), this allows to propose an on-demand source of non-local energy-entangled states (which we characterise with perturbation theory) operating in the AC regime. We study realistic experimental parameters for our device in order to examine its feasibility.
Allocating dissipation across a molecular machine cycle to maximize flux
Creators: name: Brown, Aidan I
name: Sivak, David A
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Biomolecular machines consume free energy to break symmetry and make directed progress. Nonequilibrium ATP concentrations are the typical free energy source, with one cycle of a molecular machine consuming a certain number of ATP, providing a fixed free energy budget. Since evolution is expected to favor rapid-turnover machines that operate efficiently, we investigate how this free energy budget can be allocated to maximize flux. Unconstrained optimization eliminates intermediate metastable states, indicating that flux is enhanced in molecular machines with fewer states. When maintaining a set number of states, we show that---in contrast to previous findings---the flux-maximizing allocation of dissipation is not even. This result is consistent with the coexistence of both `irreversible' and reversible transitions in molecular machine models that successfully describe experimental data, which suggests that in evolved machines different transitions differ significantly in their dissipation.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
Roteiro de vídeo - Compras Online
Creators: name: Diniz, Adriana Valéria Santos
name: Pereira, Maria Aparecida Nunes
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Roteiro
Vídeo
CECAMPE NE

description: Este relatório apresenta as atividades desenvolvidas no âmbito do Projeto “O Fortalecimento do Programa Dinheiro Direto na escola na região Nordeste como estratégia para a gestão democrática e para a qualidade da educação” – CECAMPE REGIÃO NORDESTE, referente à produção do vídeo “Utilização dos recursos do Programa Dinheiro Direto na Escola – PDDE –Compras On-line”. O objetivo da criação do vídeo foi apresentar orientações regulamentares e operacionais do PPDE, considerando as despesas de custeio e capital, aquisição do material e serviços, incluindo as compras on-line. O vídeo foi roteirizado pelos professores doutores Marcos Angelo Miranda de Alcantara e Maria da Salete Barboza, sob supervisão da professora doutora Lebiam Tamar, sendo validado pelo FNDE.
Electroweak baryogenesis between broken phases in multi-step phase transition
Creators: name: Aoki, Mayumi
name: Shibuya, Hiroto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Possibility of electroweak baryogenesis (EWBG) via multi-step phase transition (PT) is considered. We investigate the EWBG between $SU(2)$ broken phases in the second step PT of the two-step PT. The produced baryon number asymmetry is evaluated using a prototypical model with a $SU(2)$ charged CP-odd scalar field. We show that the second step PTs where the sphaleron rate is possible to be un-suppressed before the PTs, which can reproduce the sufficient baryon number asymmetry. Our studies can be adapted to models with extra $SU(2)$ scalar fields. We discuss specific models suitable for our scenario.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures; Published version
Primordial Black Hole production in Critical Higgs Inflation
Creators: name: Ezquiaga, Jose Maria
name: Garcia-Bellido, Juan
name: Morales, Ester Ruiz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Primordial Black Holes (PBH) arise naturally from high peaks in the curvature power spectrum of near-inflection-point single-field inflation, and could constitute today the dominant component of the dark matter in the universe. In this letter we explore the possibility that a broad spectrum of PBH is formed in models of Critical Higgs Inflation (CHI), where the near-inflection point is related to the critical value of the RGE running of both the Higgs self-coupling $λ(μ)$ and its non-minimal coupling to gravity $ξ(μ)$. We show that, for a wide range of model parameters, a half-domed-shaped peak in the matter spectrum arises at sufficiently small scales that it passes all the constraints from large scale structure observations. The predicted cosmic microwave background spectrum at large scales is in agreement with Planck 2015 data, and has a relatively large tensor-to-scalar ratio that may soon be detected by B-mode polarization experiments. Moreover, the wide peak in the power spectrum gives an approximately lognormal PBH distribution in the range of masses $0.01 - 100\,M_\odot$, which could explain the LIGO merger events, while passing all present PBH observational constraints. The stochastic background of gravitational waves coming from the unresolved black-hole-binary mergers could also be detected by LISA or PTA. Furthermore, the parameters of the CHI model are consistent, within $2σ$, with the measured Higgs parameters at the LHC and their running. Future measurements of the PBH mass spectrum could allow us to obtain complementary information about the Higgs couplings at energies well above the EW scale, and thus constrain new physics beyond the Standard Model.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures. Matches PLB version
Reconciliation Between Relativistic Ether and Lorentz's Ether.pdf
Creators: name: Giampaolo, Piscedda
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: General Relativity
subject: 20399 Classical Physics not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Special Relativity

description: When we discuss the ether, we must specify what type of ether we are referring to: Dirac's ether, Einstein's ether, Lorentz's ether, Weyl's ether, etc. Among the physicists the word ether became gradually unusual over time. It has been replaced by the empty term, but the meaning has not changed. Currently, we have return to the use of the wird ether. The use of the term: stationary ether, new ether, relativistic ether, has already becomes normal during son international conferences. See the book of LUDWIK KOSTRO title: EINSTEIN AND THE ETHER. In this article we combine reconciles the Lorentz's ether with the relativistic ether of Einstein
Reduced Order Modeling of Dynamic Mechanical Metamaterials for Analysis of Infinite and Finite Systems
Creators: name: Wang, Weidi
name: Amirkhizi, Alireza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamic mechanical metamaterials (MMs) are artificial media composed of periodic micro-structures, designed to manipulate wave propagation. Modeling and designing these materials can be computationally demanding due to the broad design space spanned by a range of geometric and material parameters. This work aims to develop a generalized reduced order modeling (ROM) approach for determining MM dynamics in low frequency ranges with accuracy and speed, using a limited number of parameters and small matrices. The MM unit cells are treated as assemblies of structural elements and discrete degrees of freedom, whose effective stiffness and inertia are determined by optimizing energy criteria based on continuum results derived from a small number of eigen-study simulations. This proposed approach offers a parameterized and discretized representation of MM systems, which leads to fast and accurate computation of eigen-study results for periodic arrays of repeating unit cells, as well as dynamic responses for finite-sized arrays. The high computational efficiency and physical accuracy of this method will help to streamline the modeling process and aid in design discovery and optimization, especially in combination with scientific machine learning and data-driven techniques.
$(q,t)$-deformed (skew) Hurwitz $τ$-functions
Creators: name: Liu, Fan
name: Mironov, A.
name: Mishnyakov, V.
name: Morozov, A.
name: Popolitov, A.
name: Wang, Rui
name: Zhao, Wei-Zhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We follow the general recipe for constructing commutative families of $W$-operators, which provides Hurwitz-like expansions in symmetric functions (Macdonald polynomials), in order to obtain a difference operator example that gives rise to a $(q,t)$-deformation of the earlier studied models. As before, a key role is played by an appropriate deformation of the cut-and-join rotation operator. We outline its expression both in terms of generators of the quantum toroidal algebra and in terms of the Macdonald difference operators.
description: 16 pages
title: Tracing wedge-internal deformation by means of strontium isotope systematics of vein carbonate
Creators: name:  Dielforder ,   Armin
name:  Villa ,    Igor M.
name:  Berger , Alfons
name:  Herwegh , Marco
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2021

description: Radiogenic strontium isotopes (87Sr/86Sr) of vein carbonates play a crucial role in the tectono-metamorphic study of fold-and-thrust belts and accretionary wedges and have been used to document fluid sources and fluxes, for example, along major fault zones. Moreover, the 87Sr/86Sr ratios of vein carbonates can trace the diagenetic to metamorphic evolution of pore fluids entrapped in accreted sediments. Here we present 87Sr/86Sr ratios of vein carbonates from the paleo-accretionary complex of the central European Alps (Glarus Alps, Switzerland) that formed during early stages of continental collision. We show that the vein carbonates trace the Sr isotopic evolution of pore fluids from an initial seawater-like signature towards the isotopic composition of the host rock. This relation allows us to constrain the diagenetic to low-grade metamorphic conditions of deformation events, including imbricate thrusting, folding, cleavage development, stratal disruption and tectonic transport of thrust slices, bedding-parallel shearing, and extensional vein-formation. Taken together, the strontium isotope systematics of vein carbonate provides new insights into the prograde to early retrograde tectonic evolution of Alpine accretionary complex and helps to understand aspects that are not sufficiently clear from traditional cross-cutting relationships.
Physics-Informed Deep Learning For Traffic State Estimation: A Survey and the Outlook
Creators: name: Di, Xuan
name: Shi, Rongye
name: Mo, Zhaobin
name: Fu, Yongjie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: For its robust predictive power (compared to pure physics-based models) and sample-efficient training (compared to pure deep learning models), physics-informed deep learning (PIDL), a paradigm hybridizing physics-based models and deep neural networks (DNN), has been booming in science and engineering fields. One key challenge of applying PIDL to various domains and problems lies in the design of a computational graph that integrates physics and DNNs. In other words, how physics are encoded into DNNs and how the physics and data components are represented. In this paper, we provide a variety of architecture designs of PIDL computational graphs and how these structures are customized to traffic state estimation (TSE), a central problem in transportation engineering. When observation data, problem type, and goal vary, we demonstrate potential architectures of PIDL computational graphs and compare these variants using the same real-world dataset.