cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Distinguishing Death from Disenrollment: Applying a Predictive Algorithm to Reduce Bias in Estimating the Risk of Rehospitalization
Creators: name: Stürmer, Til
name: Irwin, Debra
name: DiPrete, Bethany
name: Funk, Michele
name: Bloemers, Sarah
name: Gibson, Teresa
name: Pate, Virginia
name: Dasgupta, Nabarun
name: Pack, Kenneth
name: Lund, Jennifer
name: Young, Jessica
name: Cooper, Toska
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Background: The inability to identify dates of death in several insurance claims data sources can result in biased estimates when death is a competing event. To address this issue, an algorithm to predict when plan disenrollment is due to death was developed and validated using the MarketScan insurance claims data.

Objectives: We illustrate the bias introduced when estimating the risk of rehospitalization within 90-days of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) if death is not accounted for as a competing event. We demonstrate how this validated algorithm can be used to reduce this bias.

Methods: We use a 20% sample of Medicare claims (2007–2017) to identify patients with an incident admission for AMI. Patients were required to be 66+ years of age with employer-sponsored supplemental insurance. We compare 3 methods of estimating the risk of 90-day rehospitalization. The first method uses the true death data available in the Medicare enrollment data. We used cumulative incidence functions to estimate the risk of rehospitalization, accounting for death as a competing risk. The second method mimics scenarios where death data are unavailable, and patients are disenrolled from insurance coverage shortly after death. We used Kaplan Meier curves to estimate the risk of rehospitalization, treating death as non-informative censoring at the time of disenrollment. The third method applies the validated predictive algorithm to the Medicare claims where death date has been obscured. We used a predicted probability threshold of 0.99 to distinguish between plan disenrollment and death (sensitivity = 0.92, specificity = 0.90). We estimated the risk of rehospitalization accounting for predicted death as a competing risk.

Results: We identified 12 753 patients with an index hospitalization for AMI (mean age = 77.8 years). When accounting for death as a competing risk using validated death dates, the estimated 90-day risk of rehospitalization was 21.6% (20.8%, 22.3%). When mimicking a scenario where death is treated as non-informative censoring at the time of disenrollment, the estimated 90-day risk was 24.8% (23.9%, 25.6%). When using the algorithm to distinguish between death and disenrollment and accounting for predicted death as a competing risk, the estimated 90-day risk was 21.7% (21.0%, 22.4%).

Conclusions: When estimating the risk of rehospitalization following AMI in a cohort of Medicare patients, applying a claims-based algorithm to predict death resulted in estimates that closely mirrored the estimates using validated death data. Alternatively, failure to account for death as a competing risk resulted in an estimate that was biased upwards.
The electronic and magnetic structure of p-element (C,N) doped rutile-TiO$_{2}$; A hybrid DFT study
Creators: name: Atanelov, Jacqueline
name: Gruber, Christoph
name: Mohn, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the electronic and magnetic structure of carbon and nitrogen impurities and interstitials in rutile TiO${_2}$. To this end we perform \textit{ab-initio} calculations of a 48-atom supercell employing the VASP code. In order to obtain a realistic description of the electronic and magnetic structure, exchange and correlation are treated with the HSE06 hybrid functional. Both, atomic positions and cell dimensions are fully relaxed. Substitutional carbon and nitrogen are found to have a magnetic moment of 2 and 1$μ{_B}$, respectively, with a tendency for anti-ferromagnetic long range order. For C/N on interstitial sites we find that carbon is non-magnetic while nitrogen always possesses a magnetic moment of 1$μ{_B}$. We find that these interstitial positions are on a saddle point of the total energy. The stable configuration is reached when both carbon and nitrogen form a C-O and N-O dimer with a bond length close to the double bond for CO and NO. This result is in agreement with earlier experimental investigations detecting such N-O entities from XPS measurements. The frequencies of the symmetric stretching mode are calculated for these dimers, which could provide a means for experimental verification. For all configurations investigated both C and N states are found inside the TiO${_2}$ gap. These new electronic states are discussed with respect to tuning doped TiO${_2}$ for the application in photocatalysis
Additional file 1 of Point-of-care viscoelastic coagulation assessment in healthy dogs during the perianesthetic period
Creators: name: Wang, Wen H.
name: Lynch, Alex M.
name: Balko, Julie A.
name: Duffy, Daniel J.
name: Robertson, James B.
name: Posner, Lysa P.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1: Appendix A. Rubric consisting of representative Viscoelastic Coagulation Monitor Vet (VCM Vet) tracings for hypercoagulability, normocoagulability, hypocoagulability, and hyperfibrinolysis in healthy 20 dogs undergoing anesthesia and elective orthopedic surgery. Appendix B. Flow diagram on data collection process.
Estimating the impact of prescribing limits on prolonged opioid use following surgery
Creators: name: Chidgey, Brooke
name: Stürmer, Til
name: Funk, Michele
name: Pate, Virginia
name: Hudgens, Michael
name: Young, Jessica
name: Dasgupta, Nabarun
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: Background: In response to concerns about opioid addiction, some states now limit the days supplied (DS) for initial postoperative prescriptions. However, few studies have examined the impact of these policy changes on prolonged opioid use in the population.

Objectives: To a) examine the gradient of risk of prolonged postsurgical opioid use based on the initial prescription duration, and b) estimate the potential impact of varying prescribing limits on risk of prolonged postsurgical opioid use.

Methods: We used a 20% random sample of Medicare claims (2007-2016) to identify opioid naive patients undergoing invasive surgery. Prolonged use was defined as at least 1 Rx in each of 3 consecutive 30-day windows immediately following surgery. We calculated 90-day risk of prolonged use comparing patients at a given DS level to patients receiving longer initial prescriptions. Adjusted risk differences (aRD) were obtained via standardized mortality ratio weights (adjusted for demographics, surgical characteristics, baseline medication use and comorbidities), comparing patients with a Rx greater than a given prescribing limit versus those at the limit. Estimated number of averted cases was also quantified.

Results: We identified 749,269 patients who received a perioperative opioid (median DS=5, mean age=73yr, 44% male). The overall risk of prolonged use was 14.0 (95%CI: 13.7, 14.3) per 1000 exposed patients, increasing with days supplied (14.7 for >2 days to 34.4 for >15 days). Among patients with >2 DS (n=615,490; 92%), we estimated 3.3 (1.0, 5.6)/1000 additional cases of prolonged opioid use compared to those receiving 2 DS. Among patients receiving >7 days (n=143,408; 22%), a common limit in state laws, the aRD was nearly null (-0.1/1000). At 15+ days (n=21,382; 3%), we estimated 3.5 (-0.6, 7.6)/1,000 additional cases compared to those receiving exactly 15 days. The estimated number of potentially averted cases of prolonged opioid use ranged from 10,144 (2 days) to 373 (15 days).

Conclusions: We illustrate a method to examine potential impacts of prescribing limits. While risk of prolonged postsurgical opioid use increased as patients received larger initial DS, the number of prolonged use cases theoretically preventable by prescribing limits differed by orders of magnitude depending on the number of patients above the proposed limit. While most laws focus on DS limits, results for quantity and dosage dispensed show similar trends and will also be presented, along with procedure specific (knee arthroplasty, hernia repair, cholecystectomy) results.
A Stochastic Model of Inward Diffusion in Magnetospheric Plasmas
Creators: name: Sato, Naoki
name: Yoshida, Zensho
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The inward diffusion of particles, often observed in magnetospheric plasmas (either naturally created stellar ones or laboratory devices) creates a spontaneous density gradient, which seemingly contradicts the entropy principle. We construct a theoretical model of diffusion that can explain the inward diffusion in a dipole magnetic field. The key is the identification of the proper coordinates on which an appropriate diffusion operator can be formulated. The effective phase space is foliated by the adiabatic invariants; on the symplectic leaf, the invariant measure (by which the entropy must be calculated) is distorted, by the inhomogeneous magnetic field, with respect to the conventional Lebesgue measure of the natural phase space. The collision operator is formulated to be consistent to the ergodic hypothesis on the symplectic leaf, i.e., the resultant diffusion must diminish gradients on the proper coordinates. The non-orthogonality of the cotangent vectors of the configuration space causes a coupling between the perpendicular and parallel diffusions, which is derived by applying Ito's formula of changing variables. The model has been examined by numerical simulations. We observe the creation of a peaked density profile that mimics radiation belts in planetary magnetospheres as well as laboratory experiments.
A Bio-inspired Motion Sensitive Model and Its Application to Estimating Human Gaze Positions under Classified Driving Conditions
Creators: name: Jiawei Xu
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 80104 Computer Vision
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Bio-inspired
Motion Sensitive Model and Its Application to Estimating Human Gaze Positions
under Classified Driving Conditions
Directional uniformities, periodic points, and entropy
Creators: name: Miles, Richard
name: Ward, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37B40 (Primary) 37C25, 37P35, 37C40 (Secondary)

description: Dynamical systems generated by $d\ge2$ commuting homeomorphisms (topological $\mathbb{Z}^d$-actions) contain within them structures on many scales, and in particular contain many actions of $\mathbb{Z}^k$ for $1\le k\le d$. Familiar dynamical invariants for homeomorphisms, like entropy and periodic point data, become more complex and permit multiple definitions. We briefly survey some of these and other related invariants in the setting of algebraic $\mathbb{Z}^d$-actions, showing how, even in settings where the natural entropy as a $\mathbb{Z}^d$-action vanishes, a powerful theory of directional entropy and periodic points can be built. An underlying theme is uniformity in dynamical invariants as the direction changes, and the connection between this theory and problems in number theory; we explore this for several invariants. We also highlight Fried's notion of average entropy and its connection to uniformities in growth properties, and prove a new relationship between this entropy and periodic point growth in this setting.
Electronic medical records vs insurance claims: Comparing the magnitude of opioid use prior, during, and following surgery
Creators: name: Dasgupta, Nabarun
name: Hudgens, Michael
name: Pate, Virginia
name: Stürmer, Til
name: Young, Jessica
name: Funk, Michele
name: Chidgey, Brooke
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Background: Pharmacoepidemiology studies often use insurance claims and electronic medical record (EMR) data. However, the implications of data source choice on key study design elements are not well understood.

Objectives: Use linked claims-EMR data (separately and together) to characterize opioid use as it relates to study eligibility criteria, and exposure and outcome assessment.

Methods: EMR data from a large healthcare system were linked to Medicare insurance claims for patients undergoing invasive surgery in an ongoing study on opioid use. Drug utilization based on order and fill dates came from 3 sources: EMR inpatient orders, EMR outpatient orders, and Medicare Part D claims. We evaluated 3 study design elements: a) Study selection - opioid use 182 days before surgery to identify opioid naïve patients; b) Exposure ascertainment- perioperative opioid use; c) Outcome assessment - prolonged opioid use 90 days post-op.

Results: We identified 12,023 surgery patients in the linked claims-EMR data. Eligibility: For baseline opioid exposure, 30% (outpatient EMR) vs 28% (claims) had an opioid order (EMR) or fill (claims). Using both claims and outpatient EMR, 44% of patients had evidence of exposure in at least one data source. Perioperative Exposure: For use during surgical admission, combined inpatient and outpatient EMR orders documented much higher use of opioids (81%) compared to claims-only (32%). Combining the 3 data sources, 87% had evidence of opioids ordered or filled during the surgical admission. On the date of surgical discharge 56% (outpatient EMR), 31% (claims), and 65% (claims or outpatient EMR) had evidence of opioids ordered or filled. In the 7 days immediately after surgery, outpatient EMR found 3.0% with orders, claims found 9.2% with opioid fills, and combining the 2 data sources suggested 11% could have received opioids. Prolonged Use Outcome: Outpatient EMR found 4.7% with 90-day postsurgical opioid orders, claims found 6.0%, and combining claims and outpatient EMR found 9.4%.

Conclusions: When characterizing opioid exposure, we found substantial non-overlap between EMR and claims depending on time window relative to surgery and care setting, driven by inpatient opioids only captured in EMR and primary nonadherence. In studies that straddle hospital and outpatient settings, the potential for misclassification of drug utilization must be evaluated carefully, and choice of data source may have large impacts on key study design elements. Both EMR and claims data are needed to provide a more complete picture of opioid exposure prior to, during and after surgery.
Additional file 1 of Design and construction of 3D printed devices to investigate active and passive bacterial dispersal on hydrated surfaces
Creators: name: Kuhn, Thierry
name: Buffi, Matteo
name: Bindschedler, Saskia
name: Chain, Patrick S.
name: Gonzalez, Diego
name: Stanley, Claire E.
name: Wick, Lukas Y.
name: Junier, Pilar
name: Richter, Xiang-Yi Li
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Design details and photographs of the “bacterial trail” and “bacterial bridge” devices. Fig. S2. Growth curves of P. putida in Falcon tubes and the printed tubes. Fig. S3. Adjusting the liquid film width on the “bacterial bridge” device. Fig. S4. Transport of fluorescein in the liquid films on the devices. Fig. S5. Growth curves of the bacteria in different media. Fig. S6. Adjusted Fig. 4c for colorblind readers. Table S1. Biocompatibility control of the resin. Table S2. p-values of pairwise Z-tests of liquid film width.
Enabling Listening Suspension in the Time Slotted Channel Hopping Protocol
Creators: name: Cena, Gianluca
name: Scanzio, Stefano
name: Valenzano, Adriano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Time slotted channel hopping provides reliable and deterministic communication in IEEE 802.15.4 mesh networks. Although slotted access is able to lower energy consumption drastically by reducing the duty cycle of the radio module, it usually leads to significant idle listening experienced by receivers, which makes it a sub-optimal solution when ultra low-power wireless is sought for. In this paper a listening suspension mechanism is described, which operates at the MAC layer and is part of a more general approach aimed at cutting down energy consumption by proactively reducing idle listening. Links can be temporarily disabled, that convey slow-rate data streams whose characteristics, e.g., the generation period, are either known in advance to some extent or can be inferred by traffic inspection.
description: preprint, 8 pages
Representing constraint problems visually
Creators: name: Zhu, Xu
Publisher: name: The University of St Andrews
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-computer interaction
subject: Visualisation
subject: Constraint modelling
subject: Visual modelling
subject: QA76.9H85Z5
subject: Human-computer interaction
subject: Constraint progamming (Computer science)

description: With the increasing complexity of the world and the explosion of both information and choices, people are faced with having to make more decisions and solve more problems. One typical type of problem that people are confronted with during their daily lives is constraint problems. Common examples of such problems include scheduling, trip planning, table planning, or resource allocation. Existing constraint solvers can solve these kinds of problems quickly. However, to use these solvers requires knowledge of constraint programming languages, which require significant time and effort to learn, and one cannot expect the general public to learn these solvers. To address this issue, I investigated how people visually represent constraint problems, gaining insight into common techniques that people use to represent this kind of problem. This initial study showed that people often used a variety of different modalities and approached the problem in a non-linear way. From this study, a set of guidelines were developed for the design of visual constraints modelling languages. Using these principles, I designed a visual constraints modelling language. From this language, I designed and implemented a visual constraints modelling interface and system (Solvi), which can model various constraint problems and solve the problems using existing constraint solvers. Both the language and interface were evaluated through a user study to understand how people visually modelled both predefined and their own constraint problems. This indicated that the developed visual language and interface can model common constraints problems. The positive feedback received confirms that the visual modelling language is useful for dealing with the problems encountered in daily life and the visual representation is easier for understanding the relationships between the elements. However, some issues were identified, and possible future improvements to the language and interface, and further research into problem modelling are also discussed.
Environmental determinants of well water quality across three North Carolina Counties
Creators: name: Lunide Sylne
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Over ten percent of the US population and roughly 20% of the NC population depend on private well
water. Because private wells are not regulated under the Safe Drinking Water Act, well users are responsible for
ensuring the safety of their wells, yet many lacks the resources, expertise, and support to do so. Furthermore,
rainfall and extreme weather events contribute to intermittent water safety hazards, which go undetected without
monitoring. Previous studies have documented the occurrence of microbial contaminants in wells; however, this
is among the first studies to rigorously link multiple indicators of microbial well water quality to multiple
environmental determinants of vulnerability, including soil characteristics, rainfall, extreme weather events, and
proximity to septic systems and animal agricultural activities.
This work was conducted under IRB supervision and informed consent was provided by all participants.
Water was sampled from 113 private well users in Robeson, Orange, and Bladen counties; repeat visits were
conducted for 22 of these. A sanitary survey was conducted to record observable well, septic, and geographic
information; a brief questionnaire was also administered to participants. Water samples were collected from each
well; E. coli and total coliforms were quantified by membrane filtration; coliphages were quantified by single
agar layer plaque assay. Secondary data on rainfall and soil characteristics were obtained from NOAA and NRCS
databases and merged with sanitary inspection and microbial data using the GPS coordinates and sampling date
for each well visited. Merged data were analyzed in STATA to obtain summary statistics for outcomes and
determinants of interest. Logistic and negative binomial regressions were performed to characterize associations
between microbial indicator occurrence and environmental variables.
E. coli, total coliforms, F+ and somatic coliphages were detected in 4%, 19%, 68%, and 57% of samples,
respectively. The average well was 31 years old. Regression analysis showed that rainfall was the strongest
Additional file 5 of Molecular analyses of zebrafish V0v spinal interneurons and identification of transcriptional regulators downstream of Evx1 and Evx2 in these cells
Creators: name: England, Samantha J.
name: Rusnock, Amber K.
name: Mujcic, Amra
name: Kowalchuk, Angelica
name: de Jager, Sarah
name: Hilinski, William C.
name: Juárez-Morales, José L.
name: Smith, Matthew E.
name: Grieb, Ginny
name: Banerjee, Santanu
name: Lewis, Katharine E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 5: Supplementary Table 1. Gene Names, Previous Names, ZFIN Identifiers, Primer Sequences and References for in situ Hybridization Probes. Column 1 lists genes used in this study. Previous names, where known, are provided in column 2. Column 3 contains the unique ZFIN identification number for each gene. Columns 4-6, where relevant, show the primer sequences and expected product sizes (in base pairs (bp)) respectively, used to generate templates for anti-sense RNA riboprobe synthesis from 27 h WT cDNA and the annealing temperature used in the polymerase chain reaction. For further conditions for riboprobe synthesis, please see Methods. Column 7 provides the reference for the in situ hybridization RNA riboprobe used in our experiments.
Non-local features of the spin-orbit exciton in Kitaev materials
Creators: name: Lebert, Blair W.
name: Kim, Subin
name: Kim, Beom Hyun
name: Chun, Sae Hwan
name: Casa, Diego
name: Choi, Jaewon
name: Agrestini, Stefano
name: Zhou, Kejin
name: Garcia-Fernandez, Mirian
name: Kim, Young-June
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A comparative resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) study of three well-known Kitaev materials is presented: $α$-Li$_2$IrO$_3$, Na$_2$IrO$_3$, and $α$-RuCl$_3$. Despite similar low-energy physics, these materials show distinct electronic properties, such as the large difference in the size of the charge gap. The RIXS spectra of the spin-orbit exciton for these materials show remarkably similar three-peak features, including sharp low energy peak (peak A) as well as transitions between $j_{\text{eff}}=1/2$ and $j_{\text{eff}}=3/2$ states. Comparison of experimental spectra with cluster calculations reveals that the observed three-peak structure reflects the significant role that non-local physics plays in the electronic structure of these materials. In particular, the low-energy peak A arises from a holon-doublon pair rather than a conventional particle-hole exciton as proposed earlier. Our study suggests that while spin-orbit assisted Mott insulator is still the best description for these materials, electron itinerancy cannot be ignored when formulating low-energy Hamiltonian of these materials.
Tracking China's cross-strait bot networks against Taiwan
Creators: name: Jacobs, Charity S.
name: Ng, Lynnette Hui Xian
name: Carley, Kathleen M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The cross-strait relationship between China and Taiwan is marked by increasing hostility around potential reunification. We analyze an unattributed bot network and how repeater bots engaged in an influence campaign against Taiwan following US House Speaker Nancy Pelosi's visit to Taiwan in 2022. We examine the message amplification tactics employed by four key bot sub-communities, the widespread dissemination of information across multiple platforms through URLs, and the potential targeted audiences of this bot network. We find that URL link sharing reveals circumvention around YouTube suspensions, in addition to the potential effectiveness of algorithmic bot connectivity to appear less bot-like, and detail a sequence of coordination within a sub-community for message amplification. We additionally find the narratives and targeted audience potentially shifting after account activity discrepancies, demonstrating how dynamic these bot networks can operate.
description: 10 pages with 5 figures. Published in Conference Proceedings for Social, Cultural, and Behavioral Modeling (SBP-BRiMS 2023)
Removing phase-space restrictions in factorized cross sections
Creators: name: Feige, Ilya
name: Schwartz, Matthew D.
name: Yan, Kai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Factorization in gauge theories holds at the amplitude or amplitude-squared level for states of given soft or collinear momenta. When performing phase-space integrals over such states, one would generally like to avoid putting in explicit cuts to separate soft from collinear momenta. Removing these cuts induces an overcounting of the soft-collinear region and adds new infrared-ultraviolet divergences in the collinear region. In this paper, we first present a regulator-independent subtraction algorithm for removing soft-collinear overlap at the amplitude level which may be useful in pertubative QCD. We then discuss how both the soft-collinear and infrared-ultraviolet overlap can be undone for certain observables in a way which respects factorization. Our discussion clarifies some of the subtleties in phase-space subtractions and includes a proof of the infrared finiteness of a suitably subtracted jet function. These results complete the connection between factorized QCD and Soft-Collinear Effective Theory.
description: 32 pages, 1 figure
Overlooked variations in calculating morphine equivalence raises questions of validity in epidemiology studies
Creators: name: Cooper, Toska
name: Wang, Manning
name: Dasgupta, Nabarun
name: Chidgey, Brooke
name: Kinlaw, Alan
name: Delcher, Chris
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2021

description: Background
Morphine-standardized analgesic doses account for molecular potency. 90 milligrams of morphine equivalents (MME) per day are considered a “high dose” risk threshold. Although ubiquitously cited, the “CDC definition” of daily MME lacks a clearly defined denominator.

Objectives

Assess the sensitivity of denominator-dependency on “high dose” classification across 4 competing definitions.

Methods

Review of 27 studies cited in the CDC Pain Management Guideline yielded 4 unique definitions. Using Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs data (Jul-Sep 2018), we conducted a population-based cohort study of 3,916,461 patients receiving opioid analgesics in California (CA) and Florida (FL). The outcome was patients deemed “high dose” (>90 MME/day) across 4 definitions.

Results

In a simple example, a 30-day supply of 2 partially overlapping oxycodone prescriptions have daily MME varying across 4 definitions: 76mg (total days supply); 93mg (on-therapy days); 31mg (fixed observation window); or 105mg (maximum daily dose). Among 9,436,640 prescriptions, 42% overlapped, impacting daily MME. Across definitions, average daily MME varied 3-fold [range: 17-52 (CA), 23-65 mg (FL)]. Across definitions, prevalence of “high dose” individuals ranged 5.9%-14.2% (FL), 3.5%-10.3% (CA). Definitional variation would impact a hypothetical surveillance study trying to establish how much more “high dose” prescribing was present in FL than CA: from 34% to 79% more.

Conclusions

Previously unrecognized definitional variation confounds surveillance metrics and constrains real-world applicability of observational studies. While 90 MME may have cautionary mnemonic benefits, without harmonization of calculation, its utility is limited. Comparison between studies using daily MME requires explicit attention to definitional variation for validity.
Humoral Immune Response to Messenger RNA COVID-19 Vaccines Among Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Creators: name: Long, Millie
name: Kappelman, Michael D.
name: Weaver, Kimberly N.
name: Zhang, Xian
name: Firestine, Ann
name: Boccieri, Margie
name: PREVENT-COVID Study Group
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2021

description: Early indicators suggest that highly effective messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccinations (BNT 162b2 [Pfizer-BioNTech] and mRNA-1273 [NIH-Moderna]) are beginning to curb the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic that has already taken the lives of 3 million individuals worldwide. However, questions about vaccine effectiveness remain for individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, who are frequently treated with immune suppression. An early study among transplant recipients indicated low humoral immune response after an initial vaccination, in contrast to the robust response observed in healthy individuals in phase III clinical trials. Similarly, a recent study in IBD patients suggested that treatment with infliximab is associated with an attenuated level of anti–severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike after a single dose of mRNA vaccine.
Anxiety in youth at clinical high-risk for psychosis: A two-year follow-up
Creators: name: Perkins, D.O.
name: Cornblatt, B.A.
name: Cannon, T.D.
name: McGlashan, T.H.
name: Santesteban-Echarri, O.
name: Walker, E.F.
name: Bearden, C.E.
name: Liu, L.
name: Woods, S.W.
name: Addington, J.
name: Tsuang, M.T.
name: Mathalon, D.H.
name: Cadenhead, K.S.
name: Seidman, L.J.
Publisher: name: Elsevier B.V.
Year: 2021

description: Individuals at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis comprise a heterogeneous group with respect to symptoms and functioning both at presentation and at a later outcome. Even those who do not develop psychosis are troubled by comorbid symptoms and poor functioning (Addington et al., 2018). A recent commentary in this journal (Woods et al., 2021) reports on several papers demonstrating that longitudinally CHR individuals are troubled by unresolved attenuated psychotic symptoms (APS), functional deficits, persistent negative symptoms, and depression. It is argued that before adequate treatments can be developed, a specific core battery of outcome variables is needed.
Policy Practice Questionnaire (German Version)
Creators: name: Burzlaff, Miriam
name: Kindler, Tobias
name: Schwartz-Tayri, Talia Meital
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Policy Practice
subject: Policy Engagement
subject: Social Work
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Overview
 This questionnaire serves as the German research instrument in the research project entitled "The engagement in policy practice of social workers in Germany, Israel, and Switzerland. A trinational study and comparison (PP:GIS)". The aim of this international collaborative research project is to examine the level, forms, and factors of policy practice engagement among social workers in Germany, Israel, and Switzerland. Background of the Research Project
 Social workers’ engagement in the policy arena has gained much attention in the professional, ethical, and research discourse of social work. According to the global definition of social work and the international code of ethics, social workers are obliged to advocate for social justice and for more just policies. One of the accepted ways to do so is to engage in policy practice. As service providers, social workers translate (social) policy into professional practice and thus experience how policy affects the well-being of service users. Due to this position, social workers are often depicted as “street-level bureaucrats”, working as public servants, routinely interacting with citizens, and having to deal with changes in public policy, including austerity measures. Therefore, social workers observe, can anticipate, and are often one of the first to detect unjust or inefficient policies and recognize their effects on the lives of service users. In such cases, social workers can use their expertise and their professional position to advocate for more suitable policies towards service users through policy practice engagement. Research concerning social workers’ policy engagement has primarily used the Civic Voluntarism Model and the Policy Practice Engagement (PPE) framework to explain social workers’ levels of PPE. These studies have examined a limited set of predictors at the social worker, organizational, and institutional levels. As a result, other explanatory mechanisms, such as the relationship between personality, job-related, worker, organization, and state-level predictors, have rarely been examined. Aims and Significance of the Research Project
 This study aims to elucidate the multi-layered mechanisms that determine social workers’ engagement in policy practice by utilizing a holistic approach to job-related behavior and professional decision-making. Therefore, the study addresses the following research questions: What forms and strategies of policy practice do social workers use to influence policymaking processes? Which factors and mechanisms associate with social workers’ policy practice engagement? What differences and similarities exist between the engagement of German, Israeli, and Swiss social workers in policy practice?
Additional file 1 of PRE-OPerative ECHOcardiograhy for prevention of cardiovascular events after non-cardiac surgery in intermediate- and high-risk patients: protocol for a low-interventional, mixed-cohort prospective study design (PREOP-ECHO)
Creators: name: Kim, Eun Kyoung
name: Choi, Hong-Mi
name: Choi, Eui-Young
name: Lee, Hye Sun
name: Park, Goeun
name: Han, Dong Woo
name: Lee, Sang-Eun
name: Park, Chan Seok
name: Hwang, Ji-won
name: Choi, Jae Hyuk
name: Kim, Mi-Na
name: Kim, Hyung-Kwan
name: Kim, Dae-Hee
name: Shin, Sung-Hee
name: Sohn, Il Suk
name: Shin, Mi-Seung
name: Na, Jin Oh
name: Cho, Iksung
name: Lee, Sun Hwa
name: Park, Yong Hyun
name: Park, Tae-Ho
name: Kim, Kye Hun
name: Cho, Goo-Young
name: Jung, Hae Ok
name: Park, Dae-Gyun
name: Hong, Ji Yeon
name: Kang, Duk-Hyun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1. SPIRIT checklist for the PREOP-ECHO trial.
Predictions on the transverse momentum spectra for charged particle production at LHC-energies from a two component model
Creators: name: Bylinkin, Alexander
name: Chernyavskaya, Nadezda
name: Rostovtsev, Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transverse momentum spectra, $d^2σ/(dηdp_T^2)$, of charged hadron production in $pp$-collisions are considered in terms of a recently introduced two component model. The shapes of the particle distributions vary as a function of c.m.s. energy in the collision and the measured pseudorapidity interval. In order to extract predictions on the double-differential cross-sections $d^2σ/(dηdp_T^2)$ of hadron production for future LHC-measurements the different sets of available experimental data have been used in this study.
description: 5 pages, 7 plots
The PHANGS-MUSE Nebula Catalogue
Creators: name: Groves, B.
name: Kreckel, K.
name: Santoro, F.
name: Belfiore, F.
name: Zavodnik, E.
name: Congiu, E.
name: Egorov, O. V.
name: Emsellem, E.
name: Grasha, K.
name: Leroy, A.
name: Scheuermann, F.
name: Schinnerer, E.
name: Watkins, E. J.
name: Barnes, A. T.
name: Bigiel, F.
name: Dale, D. A.
name: Glover, S. C. O.
name: Pessa, I.
name: Sanchez-Blazquez, P.
name: Williams, T. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ionized nebulae provide critical insights into the conditions of the interstellar medium (ISM). Their bright emission lines enable the measurement of physical properties, such as the gas-phase metallicity, across galaxy disks and in distant galaxies. The PHANGS--MUSE survey has produced optical spectroscopic coverage of the central star-forming discs of 19 nearby main-sequence galaxies. Here, we use the Hα morphology from this data to identify 30,790 distinct nebulae, finding thousands of nebulae per galaxy. For each nebula, we extract emission line fluxes and, using diagnostic line ratios, identify the dominant excitation mechanism. A total of 23,244 nebulae (75%) are classified as HII regions. The dust attenuation of every nebulae is characterised via the Balmer decrement and we use existing environmental masks to identify their large scale galactic environment (centre, bar, arm, interarm and disc). Using strong-line prescriptions, we measure the gas-phase oxygen abundances (metallicity) and ionization parameter for all HII regions. With this new catalogue, we measure the radial metallicity gradients and explore second order metallicity variations within each galaxy. By quantifying the global scatter in metallicity per galaxy, we find a weak negative correlation with global star formation rate and stronger negative correlation with global gas velocity dispersion (in both ionized and molecular gas). With this paper we release the full catalogue of strong line fluxes and derived properties, providing a rich database for a broad variety of ISM studies.
description: 27 pages, accepted by MNRAS
Religious Affiliation in the Twenty-First Century: A Machine Learning Perspective on the World Value Survey
Creators: name: Jafarigol, Elaheh
name: Keely, William
name: Hartog, Tess
name: Welborn, Tom
name: Hekmatpour, Peyman
name: Trafalis, Theodore B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper is a quantitative analysis of the data collected globally by the World Value Survey. The data is used to study the trajectories of change in individuals' religious beliefs, values, and behaviors in societies. Utilizing random forest, we aim to identify the key factors of religiosity and classify respondents of the survey as religious and non religious using country level data. We use resampling techniques to balance the data and improve imbalanced learning performance metrics. The results of the variable importance analysis suggest that Age and Income are the most important variables in the majority of countries. The results are discussed with fundamental sociological theories regarding religion and human behavior. This study is an application of machine learning in identifying the underlying patterns in the data of 30 countries participating in the World Value Survey. The results from variable importance analysis and classification of imbalanced data provide valuable insights beneficial to theoreticians and researchers of social sciences.
Policy Practice Questionnaire (Germany Version)
Creators: name: Burzlaff, Miriam
name: Kindler, Tobias
name: Schwartz-Tayri, Talia Meital
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Policy Practice
subject: Policy Engagement
subject: Social Work
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Overview
 This questionnaire serves as the German research instrument in the research project entitled "The engagement in policy practice of social workers in Germany, Israel, and Switzerland. A trinational study and comparison (PP:GIS)". The aim of this international collaborative research project is to examine the level, forms, and factors of policy practice engagement among social workers in Germany, Israel, and Switzerland. Background of the Research Project
 Social workers’ engagement in the policy arena has gained much attention in the professional, ethical, and research discourse of social work. According to the global definition of social work and the international code of ethics, social workers are obliged to advocate for social justice and for more just policies. One of the accepted ways to do so is to engage in policy practice. As service providers, social workers translate (social) policy into professional practice and thus experience how policy affects the well-being of service users. Due to this position, social workers are often depicted as “street-level bureaucrats”, working as public servants, routinely interacting with citizens, and having to deal with changes in public policy, including austerity measures. Therefore, social workers observe, can anticipate, and are often one of the first to detect unjust or inefficient policies and recognize their effects on the lives of service users. In such cases, social workers can use their expertise and their professional position to advocate for more suitable policies towards service users through policy practice engagement. Research concerning social workers’ policy engagement has primarily used the Civic Voluntarism Model and the Policy Practice Engagement (PPE) framework to explain social workers’ levels of PPE. These studies have examined a limited set of predictors at the social worker, organizational, and institutional levels. As a result, other explanatory mechanisms, such as the relationship between personality, job-related, worker, organization, and state-level predictors, have rarely been examined. Aims and Significance of the Research Project
 This study aims to elucidate the multi-layered mechanisms that determine social workers’ engagement in policy practice by utilizing a holistic approach to job-related behavior and professional decision-making. Therefore, the study addresses the following research questions: What forms and strategies of policy practice do social workers use to influence policymaking processes? Which factors and mechanisms associate with social workers’ policy practice engagement? What differences and similarities exist between the engagement of German, Israeli, and Swiss social workers in policy practice?
Additional file 3 of Evidence of development of underutilised crops and their ecosystem services in Europe: a systematic mapping approach
Creators: name: Jenkins, Todd
name: Landschoot, Sofie
name: Dewitte, Kevin
name: Haesaert, Geert
name: Reade, John
name: Randall, Nicola
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 3. Simplified Coding Tool. A breakdown of the coding tool used to extract data from articles included in the database.
Spectral Energy Distributions of Accreting Protoplanets
Creators: name: Eisner, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Planets are often invoked as the cause of inferred gaps or inner clearings in transition disks. These putative planets would interact with the remnant circumstellar disk, accreting gas and generating substantial luminosity. Here I explore the expected appearance of accreting protoplanets at a range of evolutionary states. I compare synthetic spectral energy distributions with the handful of claimed detections of substellar-mass companions in transition disks. While observed fluxes of candidate companions are generally compatible with accreting protoplanets, challenges remain in reconciling the extended structure inferred in observed objects with the compact emission expected from protoplanets or circumplanetary disks. I argue that a large fraction of transition disks should harbor bright protoplanets, and that more may be detected as larger telescopes open up additional parameter space.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Prominence seismology using the period ratio of transverse thread oscillations
Creators: name: Soler, R.
name: Goossens, M.
name: Ballester, J. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ratio of the period of the fundamental mode to that of the first overtone of kink oscillations, from here on the "period ratio", is a seismology tool that can be used to infer information about the spatial variation of density along solar magnetic flux tubes. The period ratio is 2 in longitudinally homogeneous thin tubes, but it differs from 2 due to longitudinal inhomogeneity. In this paper we investigate the period ratio in longitudinally inhomogeneous prominence threads and explore its implications for prominence seismology. We numerically solve the two-dimensional eigenvalue problem of kink oscillations in a model of a prominence thread. We take into account three nonuniform density profiles along the thread. In agreement with previous works that used simple piecewise constant density profiles, we find that the period ratio is larger than 2 in prominence threads. When the ratio of the central density to that at the footpoints is fixed, the period ratio depends strongly on the form of the density profile along the thread. The more concentrated the dense prominence plasma near the center of the tube, the larger the period ratio. However, the period ratio is found to be independent of the specific density profile when the spatially averaged density in the thread is the same for all the profiles. An empirical fit of the dependence of the period ratio on the average density is given and its use for prominence seismology is discussed.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A