cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The GOGREEN Survey: Evidence of an excess of quiescent disks in clusters at $1.0
Creators: name: Chan, Jeffrey C. C.
name: Wilson, Gillian
name: Balogh, Michael
name: Rudnick, Gregory
name: van der Burg, Remco F. J.
name: Muzzin, Adam
name: Webb, Kristi A.
name: Biviano, Andrea
name: Cerulo, Pierluigi
name: Cooper, M. C.
name: De Lucia, Gabriella
name: Demarco, Ricardo
name: Forrest, Ben
name: Jablonka, Pascale
name: Lidman, Chris
name: McGee, Sean L.
name: Nantais, Julie
name: Old, Lyndsay
name: Pintos-Castro, Irene
name: Poggianti$, Bianca
name: Reeves, Andrew M. M.
name: Vulcani, Benedetta
name: Yee, Howard K. C.
name: Zaritsky, Dennis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results on the measured shapes of 832 galaxies in 11 galaxy clusters at 1.0 < z <1.4 from the GOGREEN survey. We measure the axis ratio ($q$), the ratio of the minor to the major axis, of the cluster galaxies from near-infrared Hubble Space Telescope imaging using Sérsic profile fitting and compare them with a field sample. We find that the median $q$ of both star-forming and quiescent galaxies in clusters increases with stellar mass, similar to the field. Comparing the axis ratio distributions between clusters and the field in four mass bins, the distributions for star-forming galaxies in clusters are consistent with those in the field. Conversely, the distributions for quiescent galaxies in the two environments are distinct, most remarkably in $10.1\leq\log(M/{\rm M}_{\odot})<10.5$ where clusters show a flatter distribution, with an excess at low $q$. Modelling the distribution with oblate and triaxial components, we find that the cluster and field sample difference is consistent with an excess of flattened oblate quiescent galaxies in clusters. The oblate population contribution drops at high masses, resulting in a narrower $q$ distribution in the massive population than at lower masses. Using a simple accretion model, we show that the observed $q$ distributions and quenched fractions are consistent with a scenario where no morphological transformation occurs for the environmentally quenched population in the two intermediate mass bins. Our results suggest that environmental quenching mechanism(s) likely produce a population that has a different morphological mix than those resulting from the dominant quenching mechanism in the field.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 25 pages, 15 figures
Understanding Currencies in Video Games: A Review
Creators: name: Asadi, Amir Reza
name: Hemadi, Reza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: A.1; K.0

description: This paper presents a review of the status of currencies in video games. The business of video games is a multibillion-dollar industry, and its internal economy design is an important field to investigate. In this study, we have distinguished virtual currencies in terms of game mechanics and virtual currency schema, and we have examined 11 games that have used virtual currencies in a significant way and have provided insight for game designers on the internal game economy by showing tangible examples of game mechanics presented in our model
description: "Published" 1st International Digital Games Research Conference: Trends, Technologies, and Applications (DGRC)
Universal Aspects of Barrier Crossing Under Bias
Creators: name: Adhikari, Sudeep
name: Beach, K. S. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The thermal activation process by which a system passes from one local energy minimum to another is a recurring motif in physics, chemistry, and biology. For instance, biopolymer chains are typically modeled in terms of energy landscapes, with folded and unfolded conformations represented by two distinct wells separated by a barrier. The rate of transfer between wells depends primarily on the height of the barrier, but it also depends on the details of the shape of the landscape along the trajectory. We consider the case of bias due to an external force, analogous to the pulling force applied in optical tweezer experiments on biopolymers. Away from the Arrhenius-law limit and well out of equilibrium, somewhat idiosyncratic behavior might be expected. Instead, we identify universal behavior of the biased activated-barrier-crossing process and demonstrate that data collapse onto a universal curve can be achieved for simulated data over a wide variety of energy landscapes having barriers of different height and shape and for loading rates spanning many orders of magnitude.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
Mixed Modes and Asteroseismic Surface Effects: I. Analytic Treatment
Creators: name: Ong, J. M. Joel
name: Basu, Sarbani
name: Roxburgh, Ian W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Normal-mode oscillation frequencies computed from stellar models differ from those which would be measured from stars with identical interior structures, because of modelling errors in the near-surface layers. These frequency differences are referred to as the asteroseismic "surface term". The vast majority of solar-like oscillators which have been observed, and which are expected to be observed in the near future, are evolved stars which exhibit mixed modes. For these evolved stars, the inference of stellar properties from these mode frequencies has been shown to depend on how this surface term is corrected for. We show that existing parametrisations of the surface term account for mode mixing only to first order in perturbation theory, if at all, and therefore may not be adequate for evolved stars. Moreover, existing nonparametric treatments of the surface term do not account for mode mixing. We derive both a first-order construction, and a more general approach, for one particular class of nonparametric methods. We illustrate the limits of first-order approximations from both analytic considerations and using numerical injection-recovery tests on stellar models. First-order corrections for the surface term are strictly only applicable where the size of the surface term is much smaller than both the coupling strength between the mixed p- and g-modes, as well as the local g-mode spacing. Our more general matrix construction may be applied to evolved stars, where perturbation theory cannot be relied upon.
description: 20 pages, 12 figures; accepted for publication in ApJ
Origin of spin reorientation and intrinsic anomalous Hall effect in the kagome ferrimagnet TbMn6Sn6
Creators: name: Jones, D. Connor
name: Das, Suvadip
name: Bhandari, Hari
name: Liu, Xiaoxiong
name: Siegfried, Peter
name: Ghimire, Madhav P.
name: Tsirkin, Stepan S.
name: Mazin, I. I.
name: Ghimire, Nirmal J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: TbMn$_6$Sn$_6$ has attracted a lot of recent interest for a variety of reasons, most importantly, because of the hypothesis that it may support quantum-limit Chern topological magnetism, derived from the kagome geometry. Besides, TbMn$_6$Sn$_6$ features a highly unusual magnetic reorientation transition about 100 K below the Curie point, whereby all spins in the system, remaining collinear, rotate by 90$^\circ$. In this work, we address both issues combining experiment, mean-field theory and first-principle calculations. Both magnetic reorientation and the unusual temperature dependence of the anomalous Hall conductivity (AHC) find quantitative explanation in the fact that Mn and Tb, by virtue of the Mermin-Wagner theorem, have very different spin dynamics, with Tb spins experiencing much more rapid fluctuation. We were able to cleanly extract the intrinsic AHC from our experiment, and calculated the same microscopically, with good semiquantitative agreement. We have identified the points in the band structure responsible for the AHC and showed that they are not the kagome-derived Dirac points at the K-corner of the Brillouin zone, as conjectured previously.
Chirality-dependent second-order spin current in systems with time-reversal symmetry
Creators: name: Hirakida, Ryosuke
name: Fujimoto, Junji
name: Ogata, Masao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin currents proportional to the first- and second-order of the electric field are calculated in a specific tight-binding model with time-reversal symmetry. Specifically, a tight-binding model with time-reversal symmetry is constructed with chiral hopping and spin-orbit coupling. The spin conductivity of the model is calculated using the Boltzmann equation. As a result, it is clarified that the first-order spin current of the electric field vanishes, while the second-order spin current can be finite. Furthermore, the spin current changes its sign by reversing the chirality of the model. The present results reveal the existence of spin currents in systems with time-reversal symmetry depending on the chirality of the system. They may provide useful information for understanding the chirality-dependent spin polarization phenomena in systems with time-reversal symmetry.
A Survey on XAI for 5G and Beyond Security: Technical Aspects, Challenges and Research Directions
Creators: name: Senevirathna, Thulitha
name: La, Vinh Hoa
name: Marchal, Samuel
name: Siniarski, Bartlomiej
name: Liyanage, Madhusanka
name: Wang, Shen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With the advent of 5G commercialization, the need for more reliable, faster, and intelligent telecommunication systems is envisaged for the next generation beyond 5G (B5G) radio access technologies. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are immensely popular in service layer applications and have been proposed as essential enablers in many aspects of 5G and beyond networks, from IoT devices and edge computing to cloud-based infrastructures. However, existing 5G ML-based security surveys tend to emphasize AI/ML model performance and accuracy more than the models' accountability and trustworthiness. In contrast, this paper explores the potential of Explainable AI (XAI) methods, which would allow stakeholders in 5G and beyond to inspect intelligent black-box systems used to secure next-generation networks. The goal of using XAI in the security domain of 5G and beyond is to allow the decision-making processes of ML-based security systems to be transparent and comprehensible to 5G and beyond stakeholders, making the systems accountable for automated actions. In every facet of the forthcoming B5G era, including B5G technologies such as ORAN, zero-touch network management, and end-to-end slicing, this survey emphasizes the role of XAI in them that the general users would ultimately enjoy. Furthermore, we presented the lessons from recent efforts and future research directions on top of the currently conducted projects involving XAI.
description: 34 pages, 12 Figures
Modeling the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of bounded rationality and economic constraints
Creators: name: Richters, Oliver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Theoretical Economics (econ.TH)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34A09, 35F50, 35Q91, 37N40, 91B66, 91-10

description: The analogies between economics and classical mechanics can be extended from constrained optimization to constrained dynamics by formalizing economic (constraint) forces and economic power in analogy to physical (constraint) forces in Lagrangian mechanics. In the differential-algebraic equation framework of General Constrained Dynamics (GCD), households, firms, banks, and the government employ forces to change economic variables according to their desire and their power to assert their interest. These ex-ante forces are completed by constraint forces from unanticipated system constraints to yield the ex-post dynamics. The flexible out-of-equilibrium model can combine Keynesian concepts such as the balance sheet approach and slow adaptation of prices and quantities with bounded rationality (gradient climbing) and interacting agents discussed in behavioral economics and agent-based models. The framework integrates some elements of different schools of thought and overcomes some restrictions inherent to optimization approaches, such as the assumption of markets operating in or close to equilibrium. Depending on the parameter choice for power relations and adaptation speeds, the model nevertheless can converge to a neoclassical equilibrium, and reacts to an austerity shock in a neoclassical or post-Keynesian way.
description: 32 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables. An earlier version of this paper was published as: Oldenburg Discussion Papers in Economics 429, March 2020, https://hdl.handle.net/10419/214890
Revisiting the Thickness of the Air-Water Interface from Two Extremes of Interface Hydrogen Bond Dynamics
Creators: name: Huang, Gang
name: Huang, Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The air-water interface plays a crucial role in many aspects of science, because of its unique properties, such as a two-dimensional hydrogen bond (HB) network and completely different HB dynamics compared to bulk water. However, accurately determining the boundary of interfacial and bulk water, that is, the thickness of the air-water interface, still challenges experimentalists. Various simulation-based methods have been developed to estimate the thickness, converging on a range of approximately 3--10 (Angstrom). In this study, we introduce a novel approach, grounded in density functional theory-based molecular dynamics and deep potential molecular dynamics simulations, to measure the air-water interface thickness, offering a different perspective based on prior research. To capture realistic HB dynamics in the air-water interface, two extreme scenarios of the interface HB dynamics are obtained: one underestimates the interface HB dynamics, while the other overestimates it. Surprisingly, our results suggest that the interface HB dynamics in both scenarios converges as the thickness of the air-water interface increases to 4 (Angstrom). This convergence point, indicative of the realistic interface thickness, is also validated by our calculation of anisotropic decay of OH stretch and the free OH dynamics at the air-water interface.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Understanding the nature of electronic effective mass in double-doped SrTiO$_{3}$
Creators: name: Ravichandran, J.
name: Siemons, W.
name: Scullin, M. L.
name: Mukerjee, S.
name: Huijben, M.
name: Moore, J. E.
name: Ramesh, R.
name: Majumdar, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an approach to tune the effective mass in an oxide semiconductor by a double doping mechanism. We demonstrate this in a model oxide system Sr$_{1-x}$La$_x$TiO$_{3-δ}$, where we can tune the effective mass ranging from 6--20$\mathrm{m_e}$ as a function of filling or carrier concentration and the scattering mechanism, which are dependent on the chosen lanthanum and oxygen vacancy concentrations. The effective mass values were calculated from the Boltzmann transport equation using the measured transport properties of thin films of Sr$_{1-x}$La$_x$TiO$_{3-δ}$. Our method, which shows that the effective mass decreases with carrier concentration, provides a means for understanding the nature of transport processes in oxides, which typically have large effective mass and low electron mobility, contrary to the tradional high mobility semiconductors.
description: 5 pages with 4 figures
Information compressibility, entropy production and approach to steady state in open systems
Creators: name: Di Ventra, M.
name: Dubi, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce the concept of {\em information compressibility}, $K_I$, which measures the relative change of number of available microstates of an open system in response to an energy variation. We then prove that at the time in which the system reaches a steady state, the second and third time derivatives of the information entropy are proportional to the corresponding time derivatives of the energy, the proportionality constant being $K_I$. We argue that if two steady states with different but same-sign $K_I$ are dynamically connected in a non-adiabatic way it takes a longer time to reach the state with compressibility closer to zero than the reverse. This concept, that applies to both classical and quantum open systems, thus provides insight into the properties of non-equilibrium steady states.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure. Accepted for publication in Europhysics Letters
Dynamic Computation of Network Statistics via Updating Schema
Creators: name: Sun, Jie
name: Bagrow, James P.
name: Bollt, Erik M.
name: Skufca, Joesph D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we derive an updating scheme for calculating some important network statistics such as degree, clustering coefficient, etc., aiming at reduce the amount of computation needed to track the evolving behavior of large networks; and more importantly, to provide efficient methods for potential use of modeling the evolution of networks. Using the updating scheme, the network statistics can be computed and updated easily and much faster than re-calculating each time for large evolving networks. The update formula can also be used to determine which edge/node will lead to the extremal change of network statistics, providing a way of predicting or designing evolution rule of networks.
description: 17 pages, 6 figures
Editorial 2/2020: Nähe(n) und Distanz(en) in Zeiten der COVID-19-Krise
Creators: name: Barberi, Alessandro
name: Grünberger, Nina
name: Schmölz, Alexander
Publisher: name: Medienimpulse
Year: 2020

description: Editorial 2/2020
description: Medienimpulse, Bd. 58 Nr. 02 (2020): Nähe(n) und Distanz(en) in Zeiten der COVID-19-Krise
Current-driven transformations of the intermediate state patterns in type-I superconductors
Creators: name: Hoberg, J. R.
name: Prozorov, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamic structure of the intermediate state was studied in pinning-free thick Pb strips using real-time magneto-optical visualization. It is found that topological hysteresis can be lifted by applying sufficiently large current. Namely, laminar structure that appears on flux exit in a static case is turned into tubular when the sufficiently large transport current is present. Size and distribution of the flux tubes in static and dynamic regimes are different. Temperature, magnetic field and current phase diagram is discussed.
description: video showing effect of transport current on the laminar structure can be found here: http://cmp.ameslab.gov/supermaglab/video/Pb_current.html
O „wieku krytycznym”. Menopauza w wybranych tekstach medycznych z XVIII wieku
Creators: name: Jakuboszczak, Agnieszka
Publisher: name: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach
Year: 2021

description: Menopauza jako zjawisko przejścia kobiety od okresu płodności do etapu bezpłodności wpisuje się w proces uwarunkowany przede wszystkim wiekiem, ale także statusem społecznym oraz okresem historycznym. Są to elementy istotne z punktu widzenia definiowania starości i wpisującego się w to przekwitania. Skutki menopauzy, sprowadzone z medycznego i kulturowego punktu widzenia głównie do utraty zdolności prokreacyjnych, to także szeroko zakrojony zestaw zmian fizycznych ciała (zarówno wewnętrznych, jak i zewnętrznych). Zaproponowana analiza wybranych francuskich tekstów medycznych z XVIII w. podejmuje problem spojrzenia na menopauzę i próbę ukazania obrazu kobiety znajdującej się w „wieku krytycznym”.
description: Menopause, as the phenomenon of a woman’s transition from a period of fertility to the stage of infertility, is part of a process determined primarily by age, but also by social status and historical period. These are important elements from the point of view of defining old age and the associated menopause. The consequences of menopause, reduced from the medical and cultural point of view mainly to the loss of procreative capacity, are also a wide range of physical changes of the body (both internal and external). The proposed analysis of selected French medical texts from the 18th century tackles the problem of looking at menopause and attempts to present the image of a woman in a „ critical age”.
Solution of the inverse problem in spherical gravitational wave detectors using a model with independent bars
Creators: name: Lenzi, César H.
name: Magalhães, Nadja S.
name: Marinho, Rubens M.
name: Costa, César A.
name: Araújo, Helmo A. B.
name: Aguiar, Odylio D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The direct detection of gravitational waves will provide valuable astrophysical information about many celestial objects. The SCHENBERG has already undergone its first test run. It is expected to have its first scientific run soon. In this work a new data analysis approach is presented, called method of independent bars, which can be used with SCHENBERG's data . We test this method through the simulation of the detection of gravitational waves. With this method we find the source's direction without the need to have all six transducers operational. Also we show that the method is a generalization of another one, already described in the literature, known as the mode channels method.
description: 21 pages, 3 figures
Impulse Formulations of Hall Magnetohydrodynamic Equations
Creators: name: Shivamoggi, Bhimsen K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Impulse formulations of Hall magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations are developed. The Lagrange invariance of a generalized ion magnetic helicity is established for Hall MHD. The physical implications of this Lagrange invariant are discussed. The discussion is then extended to compressible Hall MHD. Compressibility effects are shown not to affect, as to be expected, the physical implications of the generalized ion magnetic helicity Lagrange invariant.
On the Non-Flatness Nature of Noncommutative Minkowski Spacetime and the Singular Behavior of Probes
Creators: name: Roy, Manali
name: Muthukumar, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: It is more than a century-old concept that the Minkowski spacetime is flat. From the pure geometric point of view, we explicitly address the issue of whether a noncommutative Minkowski spacetime is flat or not. In the framework of the twisted-diffeomorphism approach to noncommutative gravity with canonical type noncommutative (NC) coordinate structure, one important result that we get is that the NC Minkowski spacetime parametrized either with spherical polar coordinates or with parabolic coordinates has nontrivial NC corrections to Riemann curvature tensor, Ricci tensor and curvature scalars. Another crucial result is that the curvature scalars have singular behavior at certain points, and these singularities are not coordinate singularities. The nature of these singularities clearly points towards the idea of high-energetic probes turning into black holes. The absence of any such noncommutative corrections, and thus any such singularities, in the cases of Cartesian coordinates and cylindrical coordinates leads to the conclusion that high-energetic probes do not turn into black holes when the canonical NC structure is considered for these coordinates.
description: 15 pages, No figures, v4: Thoroughly revised. The title, abstract, and discussions have been modified, but the main mathematical derivations on the curvature nature are the same. To appear in MPLA
uGMRT detection of cluster radio emission in low-mass Planck~SZ clusters
Creators: name: Paul*, Surajit
name: Gupta, Prateek
name: Salunkhe, Sameer
name: Bhagat, Shubham
name: Sonkamble, Satish
name: Hiray, Manish
name: Dabhade, Pratik
name: Raychaudhury, Somak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Low-mass ($M_{\rm{500}}<5\times10^{14}{\rm{M_\odot}}$) galaxy clusters have been largely unexplored in radio observations, due to the inadequate sensitivity of existing telescopes. However, the upgraded GMRT (uGMRT) and the Low Frequency ARray (LoFAR), with unprecedented sensitivity at low frequencies, have paved the way to closely study less massive clusters than before. We have started the first large-scale programme to systematically search for diffuse radio emission from low-mass galaxy clusters, chosen from the Planck Sunyaev-Zel'dovich cluster catalogue. We report here the detection of diffuse radio emission from four of the 12 objects in our sample, shortlisted from the inspection of the LoFAR Two Meter Sky Survey (LoTSS-I), followed up by uGMRT Band 3 deep observations. The clusters PSZ2~G089 (Abell~1904) and PSZ2~G111 (Abell~1697) are detected with relic-like emission, while PSZ2~G106 is found to have an intermediate radio halo and PSZ2~G080 (Abell~2018) seems to be a halo-relic system. PSZ2~G089 and PSZ2~G080 are among the lowest-mass clusters discovered with a radio relic and a halo-relic system, respectively. A high ($\sim30\%$) detection rate, with powerful radio emission ($P_{1.4\ {\rm GHz}}\sim10^{23}~{\rm{W~Hz^{-1}}}$) found in most of these objects, opens up prospects of studying radio emission in galaxy clusters over a wider mass range, to much lower-mass systems.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Rural America at a Glance: 2021 Edition
Creators: name: Dobis, Elizabeth A
name: Krumel, Thomas
name: Cromartie, John
name: Conley, Kelsie L
name: Sanders, Austin
name: Ortiz, Ruben
name: Dobis, Elizabeth A
name: Krumel, Thomas
name: Cromartie, John
name: Conley, Kelsie L
name: Sanders, Austin
name: Ortiz, Ruben
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Coronavirus
subject: pandemic
subject: COVID-19
subject: vaccination

description: The 2021 edition of Rural America at a Glance focuses on aspects affecting the resiliency and recovery of rural communities in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, including population and employment change, intensity of infection and vaccination rates, and internet availability and adoption.
Explanatory machine learning for sequential human teaching
Creators: name: Ai, Lun
name: Langer, Johannes
name: Muggleton, Stephen H.
name: Schmid, Ute
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The topic of comprehensibility of machine-learned theories has recently drawn increasing attention. Inductive Logic Programming (ILP) uses logic programming to derive logic theories from small data based on abduction and induction techniques. Learned theories are represented in the form of rules as declarative descriptions of obtained knowledge. In earlier work, the authors provided the first evidence of a measurable increase in human comprehension based on machine-learned logic rules for simple classification tasks. In a later study, it was found that the presentation of machine-learned explanations to humans can produce both beneficial and harmful effects in the context of game learning. We continue our investigation of comprehensibility by examining the effects of the ordering of concept presentations on human comprehension. In this work, we examine the explanatory effects of curriculum order and the presence of machine-learned explanations for sequential problem-solving. We show that 1) there exist tasks A and B such that learning A before B has a better human comprehension with respect to learning B before A and 2) there exist tasks A and B such that the presence of explanations when learning A contributes to improved human comprehension when subsequently learning B. We propose a framework for the effects of sequential teaching on comprehension based on an existing definition of comprehensibility and provide evidence for support from data collected in human trials. Empirical results show that sequential teaching of concepts with increasing complexity a) has a beneficial effect on human comprehension and b) leads to human re-discovery of divide-and-conquer problem-solving strategies, and c) studying machine-learned explanations allows adaptations of human problem-solving strategy with better performance.
description: Submitted to the International Joint Conference on Learning & Reasoning (IJCLR) 2023
Generalized Transformation for Decorated Spin Models
Creators: name: Rojas, Onofre
name: Valverde, J. S.
name: de Souza, S. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper discusses the transformation of decorated Ising models into an effective \textit{undecorated} spin models, using the most general Hamiltonian for interacting Ising models including a long range and high order interactions. The inverse of a Vandermonde matrix with equidistant nodes $[-s,s]$ is used to obtain an analytical expression of the transformation. This kind of transformation is very useful to obtain the partition function of decorated systems. The method presented by Fisher is also extended, in order to obtain the correlation functions of the decorated Ising models transforming into an effective undecorated Ising models. We apply this transformation to a particular mixed spin-(1/2,1) and (1/2,2) square lattice with only nearest site interaction. This model could be transformed into an effective uniform spin-$S$ square lattice with nearest and next-nearest interaction, furthermore the effective Hamiltonian also include combinations of three-body and four-body interactions, particularly we considered spin 1 and 2.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures
Lernen trotz Corona
Creators: name: Brandhofer, Gerhard
name: Buchner, Josef
name: Höfler, Elke
name: Schrammel, Natalie
name: Tengler, Karin
Publisher: name: Medienimpulse
Year: 2020

description: Die PH Niederösterreich bietet in einem kurzfristig initiierten Projekt Hilfestellungen, damit auch in der Zeit von Schutzmaßnahmen das Lernen gelingt. Es geht um die Prozesse beim Lernen zu Hause und das Kontakthalten der Lehrenden mit den Kindern – und untereinander. Organisatorische Hilfestellungen und didaktische Empfehlungen sind schnell in den Fokus gerückt, Informationen zur technischen Umsetzung des Distance Learnings wurden dabei aber nicht außer Acht gelassen. Die beachtliche Resonanz, die Vielzahl der Rückfragen, -meldungen und die hohe Anzahl an Seitenaufrufen während der Zeit der Schulschließungen bestätigen den Bedarf. Mit der Phase der Teilöffnung der Schulen stellt sich nunmehr die Frage, was von der Umsetzung von Distance Learnings nachhaltig im System Schule erhalten bleibt. In diesem Artikel wollen wir die Gründe, die Ziele und die Entstehungsgeschichte des Projektes Lernen trotz Corona beschreiben.
description: Medienimpulse, Bd. 58 Nr. 02 (2020): Nähe(n) und Distanz(en) in Zeiten der COVID-19-Krise
Superconductivity-driven ferromagnetism and spin manipulation using vortices in the magnetic superconductor EuRbFe4As4
Creators: name: Ishida, Shigeyuki
name: Kagerbauer, Daniel
name: Holleis, Sigrid
name: Iida, Kazuki
name: Munakata, Koji
name: Nakao, Akiko
name: Iyo, Akira
name: Ogino, Hiraku
name: Kawashima, Kenji
name: Eisterer, Michael
name: Eisaki, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic superconductors are specific materials exhibiting two antagonistic phenomena, superconductivity and magnetism, whose mutual interaction induces various emergent phenomena, such as the reentrant superconducting transition associated with the suppression of superconductivity around the magnetic transition temperature (Tm), highlighting the impact of magnetism on superconductivity. In this study, we report the experimental observation of the ferromagnetic order induced by superconducting vortices in the high-critical-temperature (high-Tc) magnetic superconductor EuRbFe4As4. Although the ground state of the Eu2+ moments in EuRbFe4As4 is helimagnetism below Tm, neutron diffraction and magnetization experiments show a ferromagnetic hysteresis of the Eu2+ spin alignment. We demonstrate that the direction of the Eu2+ moments is dominated by the distribution of pinned vortices based on the critical state model. Moreover, we demonstrate the manipulation of spin texture by controlling the direction of superconducting vortices, which can help realize spin manipulation devices using magnetic superconductors.
description: Main text: 16 pages, 6 figures, Supplementary Information: 9 pages, 5 figures, 1 table
Epiphytic vegetation on Acer macrophyllum in south-western British Columbia
Creators: name: Kenkel, Norman Charles
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This dissertation is concerned with the analysis and description of epiphytic vegetation on the lower portion of the bole of Acer macrophyllum at 5 sites in south-western British Columbia.. At each site, trees were selected for intensive sampling. In addition, the vascular vegetation at each of the sites was characterized. Various aspects of the response of the vegetation to microenvironmental variation were examined using multivariate methods. Between-tree variation in the epiphytic vegetation appears to be partly correlated with microenvironmental and corresponding habitat variation within the forest. Between-site variation is relatively pronounced as sites are, in general, distinguishable on the basis of their epiphytic vegetation. This is likely a reflection of differences in forest structure, microenvironment, and climate between the sites. Environmental gradients related to changing height and inclination on the bole can be recognized. The response of the epiphytic vegetation to these gradients was analyzed by ordinating data on overall species performance at each of 24 height-inclination combinations at a site. The results indicate between-site differences in the response of the vegetation to these gradients. Patterns of variation in the epiphytic vegetation suggest that three major habitats exist on the lower bole: the tree base (to 1 m), the lower side of the bole, and the upper and mid sides of the bole. Species relationships and habitat preferences have also been examined using ordination methods. Patterns of association generally reflect habitat variation on the bole. This was further examined by analyzing the response of the individual species to the inclination and elevation gradients. Spatial niche differentiation is apparent for many of the species; however, there is often niche overlap, suggesting that species may, at least potentially, be competing for space on the bole. The phytosociological structure of the epiphytic vegetation was also examined. Cluster analysis of the quadrat data combined with field observations led to the recognition of 9 epiphytic community-types which show varying degrees of spatial distinctiveness on the bole. Analysis of the epiphytic vegetation on Acer macrophyllum has shown it to be structurally and ecologically complex. This is likely a reflection of the high degree of sensitivity bryophytes and lichens show to small-scale environmental changes. Despite this complexity, fairly marked trends in the vegetation are apparent which are believed to be related to a few dominant microenvironmental gradients operating on a given tree.
Apteki i ich wyposażenie w świetle mieszczańskich inwentarzy pośmiertnych (XVI–XVIII wiek)
Creators: name: Justyniarska-Chojak, Katarzyna
Publisher: name: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach
Year: 2021

description: Inwentarze pośmiertne powstawały po śmierci mieszczan, aby ustalić wielkość i wartość działów spadkowych przypadających poszczególnym spadkobiercom oraz określić zobowiązania finansowe zmarłych osób. Spisy te obejmowały elementy majątku nieruchomego, a także ruchomości i zasoby gotówki. W księgach miejskich spotykamy, choć niezbyt często, przykłady rejestrów pośmiertnych powstających po śmierci aptekarzy. To dzięki nim możemy poznać wyposażenie staropolskich aptek w sprzęty oraz specjalne naczynia i narzędzia, służące do produkcji oraz przechowywania różnego rodzaju leków. Inwentarze pośmiertne przynoszą także informacje na temat różnorodnych form samych medykamentów oraz surowców wykorzystywanych do ich produkcji. W większości ówczesnych aptek można było kupić cukier, miód, ryż, bakalie, przyprawy, a także świece, materiały papiernicze, farby i mydła.
description: Posthumous inventories were created after the death of the townspeople in order to determine the size and value of the inheritance lots falling to particular heirs, and to determine financial obligations of the deceased. These inventories included items of real property as well as movable property and cash holdings. In city books we find examples of post mortem registers created after the death of apothecaries. It is thanks to them that we can learn about the equipment of old Polish pharmacies as well as special vessels and tools used for the production and storage of various types of medicines. The post-mortem inventories also bring information about the various forms of the medicines themselves and the raw materials used to produce them. Most pharmacies of the time offered sugar, honey, rice, nuts and spices, as well as candles, stationery, paints and soap.
Profesorowie Wydziału Lekarskiego Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego w latach 1918–1939
Creators: name: Przeniosło, Małgorzata
name: Przeniosło, Marek
Publisher: name: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach
Year: 2021

description: The paper is an analysis of selected elements from the biographies of the professors of the Faculty of Medicine at the Jagiellonian University. The group consisted of 48 persons in total. It is an outline of their collective portrait with the greatest emphasis placed on their education, consecutively obtained academic degrees, publishing achievements, and professional career crowned with obtaining a professorial chair. The authors also drew attention to other threads from the biographies of the analyzed group: place of birth, social background, family situation, and possible social and political involvement. The analysis of biographical data showed that most of the future professors were born in Galicia, the largest group born into clerical and teacher families (10 people each). Compared to the chairs of other faculties at the Jagiellonian University, the professors of the Faculty of Medicine were a group that distinguished themselves with a clear preference for choosing a place to study, obtaining a doctorate, then carrying out the habilitation procedure, and finally obtaining the chair. Most of them achieved each of these at one university – in this case the Jagiellonian University. There were 29 such people in total. Professorial chairs were usually obtained at the age of 35-45. The most scientifically active were Odon Bujwid, Emil Godlewski, Walery Jaworski, Leon Marchlewski, and Leon Wachholz.
description: Tekst jest analizą wybranych elementów z życiorysów profesorów Wydziału Lekarskiego Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego. Grupa ta liczyła w sumie 48 osób. Zarysowano portret zbiorowy profesorów, przy czym największy akcent położono na kwestie ich wykształcenia, zdobyte stopnie naukowe, dorobek publikacyjny i drogę zawodową uwieńczoną uzyskaniem katedry. Autorzy zwrócili uwagę również na inne wątki z życiorysu analizowanej grupy: miejsce urodzenia, pochodzenie społeczne, sytuację rodziną, także ewentualne zaangażowanie społeczne i polityczne. Analiza danych biograficznych wykazała, że większość przyszłych profesorów urodziła się na terenie Galicji, najliczniejsza była grupa osób urodzonych w rodzinach urzędniczych i nauczycielskich (po 10 osób). Profesorowie Wydziału Lekarskiego, na tle kierujących katedrami na innych wydziałach Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, byli grupą wyróżniającą się wyraźną preferencją przy wyborze miejsca studiów, uzyskania doktoratu, następnie przeprowadzenia procedury habilitacyjnej i ostatecznie uzyskania katedry. Większość z nich każde z tych osiągnięć zrealizowało na jednej uczelni – w tym wypadku na Uniwersytecie Jagiellońskim. Takich osób w sumie było 29. Katedry otrzymywano zwykle w wieku 35–45 lat. Do najaktywniejszych naukowo należy zaliczyć Odona Bujwida, Emila Godlewskiego, Walerego Jaworskiego, Leona Marchlewskiego i Leona Wachholza.
Die Bildungsorganisation der digitalen Zukunft angesichts der COVID-19-Krise
Creators: name: Schober, Marcus
Publisher: name: Medienimpulse
Year: 2020

description: Die MEDIENIMPULSE haben den Direktor der Wiener Bildungsakademie darum gebeten, seine Erfahrungen mit der Digitalisierung angesichts der COVID-19-Krise zusammenzufassen. Mit seinen Ausführungen wird deutlich, dass aus medienpädagogischer Sicht die entscheidenden Maßnahmen erst durch die Krise gesetzt wurden und wir uns alle auf dem Weg in eine digitale Zukunft befinden ...
description: Medienimpulse, Bd. 58 Nr. 02 (2020): Nähe(n) und Distanz(en) in Zeiten der COVID-19-Krise
Ciąża, poród, opieka nad matką i noworodkiem na podstawie traktatu Michała Savanaroli Ad mulieres Ferrarienses de regimine pregnantium et noviter natorum usque ad septennium
Creators: name: Głusiuk, Anna
Publisher: name: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach
Year: 2021

description: Michael Savonarola treatise is one of the most important works on gynecology, obstetric and pediatric of 15th century Italy. The author wrote his work in the national language used by the inhabitants of Ferrara and addressed it to women hoping that it would increase their knowledge about pregnancy, childbirth and mother and children care. According to the treatise Savonarola it connected the high mortality of women and children with the insufficient knowledge of the midwives of the time. In the treatise he speaks a lot about diet of the pregnant woman, ailments that may appear at that time, as well as warns against excessive physical activity or stress. The description of childbirth and mother and child care indicate that Savonarola not only had a great academic knowledge but also had extensive experience in this field.
description: Traktat Michała Savonaroli jest jednym z ważniejszych dzieł o tematyce ginekologiczno-położniczo-pediatrycznej powstałym na terenie piętnastowiecznej Italii. Autor napisał go w języku narodowym używanym na co dzień przez mieszkańców ówczesnej Ferrary i adresował do kobiet, licząc, że dzięki temu zwiększy ich wiedzę na temat ciąży, porodu oraz opieki nad matką i dzieckiem. Jak wynika z traktatu, Savonarola łączył wysoką śmiertelność kobiet i dzieci z niewystarczającą wiedzą ówczesnych akuszerek. W traktacie dużo uwagi poświęcił kwestiom diety kobiety ciężarnej, dolegliwościom mogącym pojawić się w tym czasie, jak również przestrzegał przed nadmierną aktywnością fizyczną czy stresem. Opisy porodu oraz opieki nad matką i dzieckiem wskazują, że Savonarola miał nie tylko szeroką wiedzę akademicką, lecz także duże doświadczenie w tym zakresie.
Low-cost fermions in classical field simulations
Creators: name: Borsanyi, Sz.
name: Hindmarsh, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the possible extension of the bosonic classical field theory simulations to include fermions. This problem has been addressed in terms of the inhomogeneous mean field approximation by Aarts and Smit. By performing a stochastic integration of an equivalent set of equations we can extend the original 1+1 dimensional calculations so that they become feasible in higher dimensions. We test the scheme in 2 + 1 dimensions and discuss some classical applications with fermions for the first time, such as the decay of oscillons.
description: 13 pages, revtex4
Contagion in simplicial complexes
Creators: name: Li, Z.
name: Deng, Z.
name: Han, Z.
name: Alfaro-Bittner, K.
name: Barzel, B.
name: Boccaletti, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The propagation of information in social, biological and technological systems represents a crucial component in their dynamic behavior. When limited to pairwise interactions, a rather firm grip is available on the relevant parameters and critical transitions of these spreading processes, most notably the pandemic transition, which indicates the conditions for the spread to cover a large fraction of the network. The challenge is that, in many relevant applications, the spread is driven by higher order relationships, in which several components undergo a group interaction. To address this, we analyze the spreading dynamics in a simplicial complex environment, designed to capture the coexistence of interactions of different orders. We find that, while pairwise interactions play a key role in the initial stages of the spread, once it gains coverage, higher order simplices take over and drive the contagion dynamics. The result is a distinctive spreading phase diagram, exhibiting a discontinuous pandemic transition, and hence offering a qualitative departure from the traditional network spreading dynamics.
description: 7 pages and 6 figures
Determination of approximate quantum labels based on projections of the total angular momentum on the molecule-fixed axis
Creators: name: Conway, Eamon K.
name: Gordon, Iouli E.
name: Polyansky, Oleg L.
name: Tennyson, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular line lists, particularly those computed for high temperature applications, often have very few states assigned local quantum numbers. These are often important components for accurately determining line shape parameters required for radiative transfer simulations. The projection of the total angular momentum onto the molecule fixed axis ($k$) is investigated in the Radau internal coordinate system to determine when it can be considered a good quantum number. In such a coordinate system, when the square of the $k^{th}$ component of the wavefunction is greater than one half, then we can classify $k$ as a good quantum number in accordance with the theorem of Hose and Taylor. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that when this holds true, oblate and prolate quantum labels $K_{a}$ and $K_{c}$ can reliably be predicted. This is demonstrated for the water and ozone molecules.