cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Sigma-invariants and tropical varieties
Creators: name: Suciu, Alexander I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20J05, 14T05, 32Q15, 32S22, 55N25, 57M05, 57M07, 57M27

description: The Bieri-Neumann-Strebel-Renz invariants $Σ^q(X,\mathbb{Z})\subset H^1(X,\mathbb{R})$ of a connected, finite-type CW-complex $X$ are the vanishing loci for Novikov-Sikorav homology in degrees up to $q$, while the characteristic varieties $\mathcal{V}^q(X) \subset H^1(X,\mathbb{C}^{\times})$ are the nonvanishing loci for homology with coefficients in rank 1 local systems in degree $q$. We show that each BNSR invariant $Σ^q(X,\mathbb{Z})$ is contained in the complement of the tropical variety associated to the algebraic variety $\mathcal{V}^{\le q}(X)$, and provide applications to several classes of groups and spaces.
description: 30 pages; accepted for publication in Mathematische Annalen
SOCIAL CAPITAL AND COPING WITH ECONOMIC SHOCKS: AN ANALYSIS OF STUNTING OF SOUTH AFRICAN CHILDREN
Creators: name: Carter, Michael R.
name: Maluccio, John A.
name: Carter, Michael R.
name: Maluccio, John A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Health Economics and Policy
Institutional and Behavioral Economics

description: South African households live in an environment characterized by risks, and many face a significant probability of experiencing economic losses that threaten their daily subsistence. Using household panel data that include directly solicited information on economic shocks and employing household fixed-effects estimation, we explore how well households cope with shocks by examining the effects of shocks on child nutritional status. Unlike in the idealized village community, some households appear unable to insure against risk, particularly when others in their communities simultaneously suffer large losses. Households in communities with more social capital, however, seem better able to weather shocks.
Upper Bounds in Quantum Dynamics
Creators: name: Damanik, David
name: Tcheremchantsev, Serguei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We develop a general method to bound the spreading of an entire wavepacket under Schrödinger dynamics from above. This method derives upper bounds on time-averaged moments of the position operator from lower bounds on norms of transfer matrices at complex energies. This general result is applied to the Fibonacci operator. We find that at sufficiently large coupling, all transport exponents take values strictly between zero and one. This is the first rigorous result on anomalous transport. For quasi-periodic potentials associated with trigonometric polynomials, we prove that all lower transport exponents and, under a weak assumption on the frequency, all upper transport exponents vanish for all phases if the Lyapunov exponent is uniformly bounded away from zero. By a well-known result of Herman, this assumption always holds at sufficiently large coupling. For the particular case of the almost Mathieu operator, our result applies for coupling greater than two.
description: 29 pages
Strong mean field dynamos require supercritical helicity fluxes
Creators: name: Brandenburg, Axel
name: Subramanian, Kandaswamy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several one and two dimensional mean field models are analyzed where the effects of current helicity fluxes and boundaries are included within the framework of the dynamical quenching model. In contrast to the case with periodic boundary conditions, the final saturation energy of the mean field decreases inversely proportional to the magnetic Reynolds number. If a nondimensional scaling factor in the current helicity flux exceeds a certain critical value, the dynamo can operate even without kinetic helicity, i.e. it is based only on shear and current helicity fluxes, as first suggested by Vishniac & Cho (2001, ApJ 550, 752). Only above this threshold is the current helicity flux also able to alleviate catastrophic quenching. The fact that certain turbulence simulations have now shown apparently non-resistively limited mean field saturation amplitudes may be suggestive of the current helicity flux having exceeded this critical value. Even below this critical value the field still reaches appreciable strength at the end of the kinematic phase, which is in qualitative agreement with dynamos in periodic domains. However, for large magnetic Reynolds numbers the field undergoes subsequent variations on a resistive time scale when, for long periods, the field can be extremely weak.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures, accepted by Astron. Nachr
Evidence of Water-related Discrete Trap State Formation in Pentacene Single Crystal Field-Effect Transistors
Creators: name: Goldmann, C.
name: Gundlach, D. J.
name: Batlogg, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the generation of a discrete trap state during negative gate bias stress in pentacene single crystal "flip-crystal" field-effect transistors with a SiO2 gate dielectric. Trap densities of up to 2*10^12 cm^-2 were created in the experiments. Trap formation and trap relaxation are distinctly different above and below ~280 K. In devices in which a self-assembled monolayer on top of the SiO2 provides a hydrophobic insulator surface we do not observe trap formation. These results indicate the microscopic cause of the trap state to be water adsorbed on the SiO2 surface.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Applied Physics Letters
Deficiency Payments and Market Power: Effects of Imperfect Competition on Welfare Distribution and Decoupling
Creators: name: Russo, Carlo
name: Russo, Carlo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Decoupling
subject: Deficiency Payments
subject: Market Power

description: Despite the increasing importance of market power in the food industry, most policy models assume perfect competition. Ignoring market power may lead economists to make incorrect, or at least misleading, policy recommendations. In this paper I develop a theoretical model in which market power can alter conclusions regarding the welfare effects of a specific policy change: replacing deficiency payments with decoupled payments to farmers, and apply it to the U.S. wheat market and milling industry. The main conclusions of the theoretical model are that, middlemen's market power may cause i) an increase in public expenditure, ii) an extraction of policy rents from the taxpayers by the middlemen, and iii) a reduction of the social benefit from decoupling deficiency payments. I develop an econometric model to investigate if the U.S. wheat milling industry is gaining a rent from the federal loan deficiency payment program, using its market power. The results suggest that the wheat milling industry exhibit a moderate degree of oligopsony power and no oligopoly power. Due to the inelastic demand and supply, even a low level of market power has relevant effects. In the average year, the per-unit increase of public expenditure for the deficiency payments reaches 14.5% of the wheat price, and the potential benefits from removing the policy are reduced by 21.3%.
The Feynman graph representation of convolution semigroups and its applications to Lévy statistics
Creators: name: Gottschalk, Hanno
name: Smii, Boubaker
name: Thaler, Horst
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the Cauchy problem for a pseudo-differential operator which has a translation-invariant and analytic symbol. For a certain set of initial conditions, a formal solution is obtained by a perturbative expansion. The series so obtained can be re-expressed in terms of generalized Feynman graphs and Feynman rules. The logarithm of the solution can then be represented by a series containing only the connected Feynman graphs. Under some conditions, it is shown that the formal solution uniquely determines the real solution by means of Borel transforms. The formalism is then applied to probabilistic Lévy distributions. Here, the Gaussian part of such a distribution is re-interpreted as a initial condition and a large diffusion expansion for Lévy densities is obtained. It is outlined how this expansion can be used in statistical problems that involve Lévy distributions.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.3150/07-BEJ106 the Bernoulli (http://isi.cbs.nl/bernoulli/) by the International Statistical Institute/Bernoulli Society (http://isi.cbs.nl/BS/bshome.htm)
"Extension Field Specialists": Believable Label or Oxymoron?
Creators: name: Ahmed, Adeel
name: Morse, George W.
name: Ahmed, Adeel
name: Morse, George W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: Prior to a radical reorganization in 2003, Extension agents/educators in Minnesota engaged in their role as generalists with 'specialist' titles. Their accountability was to the county and not necessarily to any area of focus or specialty. The reorganization of Extension, due to a massive state budget deficit, oriented agents to regional and statewide responsibilities in an area of expertise within a capacity area. Features of the reorganization also included: shifts in the funding arrangements with counties, shifts in supervision to campus specialists in the area of expertise, and shifts in the promotion process to encourage scholarship. Evaluating this change in regards to 'field staff specialization' (through surveying 102 Extension agents) reveals benefits in the areas of recruitment; incentives to invest in human capital; closer working relationships with campus faculty; applied research and scholarship by field staff; program quality, development, and delivery; and credibility with the target audience. Disadvantages include: lack of cross-capacity work; more distant relationships with the target audience; and commuting time and travel.
description: Includes Poster and accompanying Poster Paper
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 06/11/07.
Skew convolution semigroups and affine Markov processes
Creators: name: Dawson, D. A.
name: Li, Zenghu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60J35 (Primary) 60J80, 60H20, 60K37 (Secondary)

description: A general affine Markov semigroup is formulated as the convolution of a homogeneous one with a skew convolution semigroup. We provide some sufficient conditions for the regularities of the homogeneous affine semigroup and the skew convolution semigroup. The corresponding affine Markov process is constructed as the strong solution of a system of stochastic equations with non-Lipschitz coefficients and Poisson-type integrals over some random sets. Based on this characterization, it is proved that the affine process arises naturally in a limit theorem for the difference of a pair of reactant processes in a catalytic branching system with immigration.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009117905000000747 in the Annals of Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Estimation and Inference for Threshold Effects in Panel Data Stochastic Frontier Models
Creators: name: Yelou, Clement
name: Larue, Bruno
name: Tran, Kien C.
name: Yelou, Clement
name: Larue, Bruno
name: Tran, Kien C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Stochastic frontier models
subject: threshold regression
subject: technical efficiency
subject: bootstrap
subject: dairy production
subject: C12
subject: C13
subject: C23
subject: C52

description: One of the most enduring problems in cross-section or panel data models is heterogeneity among individual observations. Different approaches have been proposed to deal with this issue, but threshold regression models offer intuitively appealing econometric methods to account for heterogeneity. We propose three different estimators that can accommodate multiple thresholds. The first two, allowing respectively for fixed and random effects, assume that the firms' specific inefficiency scores are time-invariant while the third one allows for time-varying inefficiency scores. We rely on a likelihood ratio test with m − 1 regimes under the null against m regimes. Testing for threshold effects is problematic because of the presence of a nuisance parameter which is not identified under the null hypothesis. This is known as Davies problem. We apply procedures pioneered by Hansen (1999) to test for the presence of threshold effects and to obtain a confidence set for the threshold parameter. These procedures specifically account for Davies problem and are based on non-standard asymptotic theory. Finally, we perform an empirical application of the fixed effects model on a panel of Quebec dairy farms. The specifications involving a trend and the Cobb- Douglas and Translog functional forms support three thresholds or four regimes based on farm size. The efficiency scores vary between 0.95 and 1 in models with and without thresholds. Therefore, productivity differences across farm sizes are most likely due to technological heterogeneity.
Photometry of neglected open clusters in the First and Fourth Galactic Quadrants
Creators: name: Carraro, Giovanni
name: Janes, Kenneth A.
name: Eastman, Jason D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: CCD $BVI$ photometry is presented for 8 previously unstudied star clusters located in the First and Fourth Galactic Quadrants: AL~1, BH 150, NGC 5764, Lynga~9, Czernik~37, BH 261, Berkeley~80 and King~25. Color magnitude diagrams of the cluster regions suggest that several of them (BH 150, Lynga~9, Czernik~37 and BH 261 and King~25) are so embedded in the dense stellar population toward the galactic center that their properties, or even their existence as physical systems, cannot be confirmed. Lynga~9, BH 261 and King~25 appear to be slight enhancements of dense star fields, BH 150 is probably just a single bright star in a dense field, and Czernik~37 may be a sparse, but real cluster superimposed on the galactic bulge population. We derive preliminary estimates of the physical parameters for the remaining clusters. AL~1 appears to be an intermediate age cluster beyond the solar circle on the far side of the galaxy and the final two clusters, NGC 5764 and Berkeley 80 are also of intermediate age but located inside the solar ring. This set of clusters highlights the difficulties inherent in studying the stellar populations toward the inner regions of the galaxy.
description: 9 pages, 12 eps figures, in press in MNRAS
A Dynamic Analysis of Food Demand Patterns in Urban China
Creators: name: Liao, Hui
name: Chern, Wen S.
name: Liao, Hui
name: Chern, Wen S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: dynamic almost ideal demand system
subject: habit effect
subject: grain
subject: urban China

description: Previous researchers have encountered difficulties in rationalizing the extremely high expenditure elasticities estimated for grain demanded by urban Chinese households. The high grain expenditure elasticities, which usually translate into high income elasticities, are doubtful for making a long-term prediction of grain demand in China. Unlike most previous studies using only statistic models, this study employs a dynamic Almost Ideal Demand System (DAIDS) incorporating demographic variables to explore the impact of habit effects as well as demographic impacts on household level food demand pattern in urban China. Most dynamic elements and demographic variables are found significant. The theoretical demand properties cannot be rejected in the DAIDS model while they are frequently rejected for static models. The dynamic AIDS model clearly provides improvement in estimating food demand elasticities as compared with their static counterparts.
Short Term Investment in Agriculture: Is there a Gender Bias?
Creators: name: Bhagowalia, Priya
name: Chen, Susan E.
name: Shively, Gerald E.
name: Bhagowalia, Priya
name: Chen, Susan E.
name: Shively, Gerald E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: Most developing countries strive to improve agricultural productivity by relaxing credit constraints, supplying better inputs, improving marketing and distribution. However the efficacy of these reforms needs to be examined in the context of the behavioral responses of farming households. This study examines gender biases within households that affect short-term investments in agriculture. The study utilizes data from ICRISAT's village level studies in India (1975-85) to highlight the effects of child gender on the use of agricultural inputs. The main finding is that households with boys tend to use purchased inputs such as fertilizers and insecticides more intensively compared with households with girls. In general, household with boys also tend to have larger land holdings, and use animal and human labor to a greater extent than household with girls.
Consolidation as a Regulatory Compliance Strategy: Small Drinking Water Systems and the Safe Drinking Water Act
Creators: name: Lee, Min-Yang A.
name: Braden, John B.
name: Lee, Min-Yang A.
name: Braden, John B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Community Water System
subject: Drinking Water
subject: Merger
subject: Consolidation

description: Despite extensive research and policy initiatives to increase the technical, financial, and managerial capacity of small drinking water systems, there has been little research focusing on understanding how consolidation can increase the overall capacity of the drinking water industry. Consolidation of water systems may be a mechanism that increases regulatory compliance by removing poorly performing systems from the industry and replacing inefficient management and/or capital. The US drinking water system is highly fragmented, with over 50,000 Community Water Systems (CWSs), of which the vast majority are classified as "small" by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). A discrete choice model is employed to determine the characteristics shared by small water systems that are acquired. On average, these acquired firms are small, have frequent drinking water violations, are privately-owned, and purchase their water from another system. These results suggest that consolidation may have an important role to play in increasing overall industry compliance with the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA).
Quality-Oriented Technical Change in Japanese Wheat Breeding
Creators: name: Fujii, Yoko
name: Kondo, Takumi
name: Osanami, Fumio
name: Fujii, Yoko
name: Kondo, Takumi
name: Osanami, Fumio
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Wheat Breeding Research
subject: Induced Innovation
subject: Wheat Quality
subject: Gene Recharge

description: The article presents a productivity analysis of Japanese Wheat Breeding research. Given recent policy change, wheat breeders may breed high quality, i.e. high protein content, wheat. We regard breeding research as multi-output process, and examine breeding program with output distance function. Also, we will analyze the effect of gene recharge rate on breeding productivity, and withdraw the policy implication for property rights.
Personalized neoantigen vaccination with synthetic long peptides
Creators: name: Finnigan, John P.
name: Rubinsteyn, Alex
name: Tavi Nathanson
name: Akers, Nicholas
name: Bhardwaj, Nina
name: Hammerbacher, Jeff
name: Losic, Bojan
name: Schadt, Eric
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2016

description: Mutations in cancer may give rise to novel antigenic peptides, known as tumor neoantigens, that are promising targets for immunotherapy. However, due to the complexity and heterogeneity of most cancers, a single antigenic target is often insufficient for achieving a durable response or remission. Vaccines using single, short synthetic peptides are vulnerable to immune evasion or may even promote immune tolerance and/or anergy, leading to increased tumor growth. Cancer vaccination has moved in two promising directions: using more peptides and using longer peptides. Vaccines incorporating multiple peptides have been shown to be immunogenic and may reduce the risk of immune evasion. Separately, studies have demonstrated that vaccines which use synthetic long peptides do not appear to induce tolerance and may be more immunogenic than short peptide vaccines. We are developing an early-stage personalized cancer immunotherapy trial at Mount Sinai Hospital that combines these two research findings by treating each patient with up to twenty synthetic long peptides in a single vaccine.

In order to select the contents of this highly multiplexed personalized vaccine, we have developed a computational pipeline to identify and prioritize candidate vaccine peptides. Our computational pipeline takes as input a patient’s tumor sequence data and HLA type, generating a set of therapeutic vaccine peptides. The first step in the pipeline is the processing of whole-exome DNA sequence data to determine somatic coding mutations. These mutations lead to candidate antigenic peptides that are filtered by tumor expression level using RNA sequence data. Candidate peptides are then ranked based on a scoring system that incorporates in-silico peptide-MHC binding affinity prediction and a novel immunogenicity predictor. This predictor estimates T cell recognition by computing the similarity of a candidate peptide to peptides in the self-ligandome of each HLA allele.
Andreev Reflection and Pair Breaking Effects at the Superconductor/Magnetic Semiconductor Interface
Creators: name: Panguluri, R. P.
name: Ku, K. C.
name: Wojtowicz, T.
name: Liu, X.
name: Furdyna, J. K.
name: Lyanda-Geller, Y. B.
name: Samarth, N.
name: Nadgorny, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the applicability of spin polarization measurements using Andreev reflection in a point contact geometry in heavily doped dilute magnetic semiconductors, such as (Ga,Mn)As. While we observe conventional Andreev reflection in non-magnetic (Ga,Be)As epilayers, our measurements indicate that in ferromagnetic (Ga,Mn)As epilayers with comparable hole concentration the conductance spectra can only be adequately described by a broadened density of states and a reduced superconducting gap. We suggest that these pair-breaking effects stem from inelastic scattering in the metallic impurity band of (Ga,Mn)As and can be explained by introducing a finite quasiparticle lifetime or a higher effective temperature. For (Ga,Mn)As with 8% Mn concentration and 140 K Curie temperature we evaluate the spin polarization to be 83+/-17%. PACS numbers: 72.25.Dc,72.25.Mk,74.45.+c
An Optical Study of Stellar and Interstellar Environments of Seven Luminous and Ultraluminous X-Ray Sources
Creators: name: Ramsey, Caitlin J.
name: Williams, Rosa M.
name: Gruendl, Robert A.
name: Chen, C. -H. Rosie
name: Chu, You-Hua
name: Wang, Q. Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the stellar and interstellar environments of two luminous X-ray sources and five ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) in order to gain insight into their nature. Archival Hubble Space Telescope images were used to identify the optical counterparts of the ULXs Ho IX X-1 and NGC 1313 X-2, and to make photometric measurements of the local stellar populations of these and the luminous source IC 10 X-1. We obtained high-dispersion spectroscopic observations of the nebulae around these seven sources to search for He II lambda-4686 emission and to estimate the expansion velocities and kinetic energies of these nebulae. Our observations did not detect nebular He II emission from any source, with the exception of LMC X-1; this is either because we missed the He III regions or because the nebulae are too diffuse to produce He II surface brightnesses that lie within our detection limit. We compare the observed ionization and kinematics of the supershells around the ULXs Ho IX X-1 and NGC 1313 X-2 with the energy feedback expected from the underlying stellar population to assess whether additional energy contributions from the ULXs are needed. In both cases, we find insufficient UV fluxes or mechanical energies from the stellar population; thus these ULXs may be partially responsible for the ionization and energetics of their supershells. All seven sources we studied are in young stellar environments and six of them have optical counterparts with masses >~7 M_sun; thus, these sources are most likely high-mass X-ray binaries.
description: 30 pages, 9 figures. Numerous minor revisions, primarily to more accurately cite earlier work by Pakull and Mirioni, and to correct typographical errors. Removed a misleading sentence in the Introduction (re: X-ray photoionization by ULXs). Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal. Figures have been reduced in resolution for space requirements; full-resolution figures may be requested by email to rosanina@astro.uiuc.edu
Long-range magnetic order and spin-lattice coupling in the delafossite CuFeO2
Creators: name: Eyert, Volker
name: Fresard, Raymond
name: Maignan, Antoine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electronic and magnetic properties of the delafossite CuFeO2 are investigated by means of electronic structure calculations. They are performed using density functional theory in the generalized gradient approximation as well as the new full-potential augmented spherical wave method. The calculations reveal three different spin states at the iron sites. Taking into account the correct crystal structure, we find long-range antiferromagnetic ordering in agreement with experiment. Contrasting previous work, our calculations show that non-local exchange interactions lead to a semiconducting ground state.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, more information at http:www.physik.uni-augsburg.de/~eyert/
A 3-5$μ$m VLT spectroscopic survey of embedded young low mass stars II; OCN$^-$
Creators: name: van Broekhuizen, F. A.
name: Pontoppidan, K. M.
name: Fraser, H. J.
name: van Dishoeck, E. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The 4.62$μ$m (2164.5 cm$^{-1}$) `XCN' band has been detected in the $M$-band spectra of 34 deeply embedded young stellar objects (YSO's), observed with high signal-to-noise and high spectral resolution with the VLT-ISAAC spectrometer, providing the first opportunity to study the solid OCN$^-$ abundance toward a large number of low-mass YSO's. It is shown unequivocally that at least two components, centred at 2165.7 cm$^{-1}$ (FWHM = 26 cm$^{-1}$) and 2175.4 cm$^{-1}$ (FWHM = 15 cm$^{-1}$), underlie the XCN band. Only the 2165.7-component can be ascribed to OCN$^-$, embedded in a strongly hydrogen-bonding, and possibly thermally annealed, ice environment based on laboratory OCN$^-$ spectra. In order to correct for the contribution of the 2175.4-component to the XCN band, a phenomenological decomposition into the 2165.7- and the 2175.4-components is used to fit the full band profile and derive the OCN$^-$ abundance for each line-of-sight. The same analysis is performed for 5 high-mass YSO's taken from the ISO-SWS data archive. Inferred OCN$^-$ abundances are $\leq$ 0.85 % toward low-mass YSO's and $\leq$ 1 % toward high-mass YSO's, except for W33 A. Abundances are found to vary by at least a factor of 10--20 and large source-to-source abundance variations are observed within the same star-forming cloud complex on scales down to 400 AU, indicating that the OCN$^-$ formation mechanism is sensitive to local conditions. The inferred abundances allow quantitatively for photochemical formation of OCN$^-$, but the large abundance variations are not easily explained in this scenario unless local radiation sources or special geometries are invoked. Surface chemistry should therefore be considered as an alternative formation mechanism.
Using APT to Assess the Impact of Farm Policy on Agribusiness Stocks
Creators: name: Gunderson, Michael A.
name: Moss, Charles B.
name: Gunderson, Michael A.
name: Moss, Charles B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Agribusiness
Agricultural and Food Policy

description: This study investigates the impact of differing U. S. Farm Policy regimes on the stock prices of publicly traded agribusinesses. Following the Roll and Ross approach, we apply a two step Arbitrage Pricing Model (APM). We analyze the effect of agricultural policy on returns to agribusiness by applying a modified APM to agricultural returns to test for the presence of an agribusiness premium or discount. We further augment our analysis by dividing the sample into two time periods around the implementation of the 1996. The differences in agribusiness premium can then be tested using a paired t-test. The empirical evidence lends support to a switch from negative returns to agribusiness stocks pre-FAIR Act to positive returns to agribusiness stocks after its enactment.
Consumer Awareness of the Avian Influenza Threat in Taiwan
Creators: name: Liu, Kang Ernest
name: Huang, Min-Hsin
name: Hsu, Jane Lu
name: Liu, Kang Ernest
name: Huang, Min-Hsin
name: Hsu, Jane Lu
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: consumer awareness
subject: risk perceptions
subject: avian influenza
subject: Taiwan

description: This paper discusses an important issue of the avian influenza threat in Taiwan. Survey data were collected in Taipei during late March and early April. Utilizing the factor analysis, cluster analysis and regression analysis, we find that the consumers in Taiwan are well informed about the health risks linked to avian influenza and Television was the most common source to receive the information of avian influenza. However, socio-demographic characteristics such as gender, education and occupation were found to be insignificant factors to influence consumer awareness of the avian influenza in Taiwan.
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 06/19/07.
Thermodynamic stability of fluid-fluid phase separation in binary athermal mixtures: The role of nonadditivity
Creators: name: Pellicane, G.
name: Saija, F.
name: Caccamo, C.
name: Giaquinta, P. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the thermodynamic stability of fluid-fluid phase separation in binary nonadditive mixtures of hard-spheres for moderate size ratios. We are interested in elucidating the role played by small amounts of nonadditivity in determining the stability of fluid-fluid phase separation with respect to the fluid-solid phase transition. The demixing curves are built in the framework of the modified-hypernetted chain and of the Rogers-Young integral equation theories through the calculation of the Gibbs free energy. We also evaluate fluid-fluid phase equilibria within a first-order thermodynamic perturbation theory applied to an effective one-component potential obtained by integrating out the degrees of freedom of the small spheres. A qualitative agreement emerges between the two different approaches. We also address the determination of the freezing line by applying the first-order thermodynamic perturbation theory to the effective interaction between large spheres. Our results suggest that for intermediate size ratios a modest amount of nonadditivity, smaller than earlier thought, can be sufficient to drive the fluid-fluid critical point into the thermodinamically stable region of the phase diagram. These findings could be significant for rare-gas mixtures in extreme pressure and temperature conditions, where nonadditivity is expected to be rather small.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures, to appear in J. Phys. Chem. B
Pluralism and Regulatory Failure: When Should Takings Trigger Compensation?
Creators: name: Boyd, James
name: Brennan, Timothy J.
name: Boyd, James
name: Brennan, Timothy J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: regulatory takings
subject: compensation
subject: political economy

description: The paper evaluates the desirability of compensation for regulatory takings. To do so, we describe a public choice model in which regulators' decisions are influenced by competing political interests. We consider how the political incentives of landowners, environmentalists, and taxpayers are affected by alternative compensation rules and in turn describe the regulatory decisions made in such a pluralistic political environment. Modeling the regulator's incentives in this way leads to the conclusion that compensation should not be paid unless environmentalists and property owners have unequal influence politically. Moreover, the model has several counter-intuitive implications when political influence is not balanced. For instance, if environmentalists are disenfranchised they should support compensation, since it reduces property owner opposition to regulation. In contrast, if environmentalists wield disproportionate influence, penalizing rather than compensating landowners can induce more efficient regulation by stimulating landowner opposition. The analysis emphasizes the deadweight social costs of compensation and the desirability of compensation rules conditioned on both diminished land value and irreversible landowner investments.
Exciton Gas Compression and Metallic Condensation in a Single Semiconductor Quantum Wire
Creators: name: Alen, Benito
name: Fuster, David
name: Munoz-Matutano, Guillermo
name: Martinez-Pastor, Juan
name: Gonzalez, Yolanda
name: Gonzalez, Luisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the metal-insulator transition in individual self-assembled quantum wires and report optical evidences of metallic liquid condensation at low temperatures. Firstly, we observe that the temperature and power dependence of the single nanowire photoluminescence follow the evolution expected for an electron-hole liquid in one dimension. Secondly, we find novel spectral features that suggest that in this situation the expanding liquid condensate compresses the exciton gas in real space. Finally, we estimate the critical density and critical temperature of the phase transition diagram at $n_c\sim1\times10^5$ cm$^{-1}$ and $T_c\sim35$ K, respectively.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Factorization Theorem for Projective Varieties with Finite Quotient Singularities
Creators: name: Hu, Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we prove that any two birational projective varieties with finite quotient singularities can be realized as two geometric GIT quotients of a non-singular projective variety by a reductive algebraic group. Then, by applying the theory of Variation of Geometric Invariant Theory Quotients ([3]), we show that they are related by a sequence of GIT wall-crossing flips.
Monopoly Extraction of an Exhaustible Resource with Two Markets
Creators: name: Fischer, Carolyn
name: Laxminarayan, Ramanan
name: Fischer, Carolyn
name: Laxminarayan, Ramanan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: exhaustible resources
subject: monopoly
subject: markets
subject: price discrimination

description: Although much has been written about the implications of monopoly power for the rate of extraction of natural resources, the specific case in which the resource can be sold in two markets with different elasticities of demand has escaped notice. We find that a monopolist facing two markets with differing iso-elastic demand schedules extracts more rapidly than the social planner, whether or not arbitrage prevents price discrimination between markets. This analysis is relevant in the case of many resources -such as natural gas used for power generation and household heating, or petroleum used for making plastics and as fuel.
Energy-resolved electron-spin dynamics at surfaces of p-doped GaAs
Creators: name: Schneider, H. C.
name: Wuestenberg, J. -P.
name: Andreyev, O.
name: Hiebbner, K.
name: Guo, L.
name: Lange, J.
name: Schreiber, L.
name: Beschoten, B.
name: Bauer, M.
name: Aeschlimann, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electron-spin relaxation at different surfaces of p-doped GaAs is investigated by means of spin, time and energy resolved 2-photon photoemission. These results are contrasted with bulk results obtained by time-resolved Faraday rotation measurements as well as calculations of the Bir-Aronov-Pikus spin-flip mechanism. Due to the reduced hole density in the band bending region at the (100) surface the spin-relaxation time increases over two orders of magnitude towards lower energies. At the flat-band (011) surface a constant spin relaxation time in agreement with our measurements and calculations for bulk GaAs is obtained.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
The Effect on Asset Values of the Allocation of Carbon Dioxide Emission Allowances
Creators: name: Burtraw, Dallas
name: Palmer, Karen L.
name: Bharvirkar, Ranjit
name: Paul, Anthony
name: Burtraw, Dallas
name: Palmer, Karen L.
name: Bharvirkar, Ranjit
name: Paul, Anthony
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: carbon dioxide
subject: emission allowance trading
subject: allocation
subject: electricity
subject: restructuring
subject: air pollution
subject: auction
subject: grandfathering
subject: generation performance standard
subject: outputbased allocation
subject: cost-effectiveness

description: Paradoxically, owners of existing generation assets may be better off paying for carbon dioxide emission allowances than having them distributed for free. This analysis shows that it takes just 7.5% of the revenue raised under an auction to preserve the asset values of existing generators.
Phenomenology of $τ^- \rightarrow π^- ν_τ γ$ using LCSR
Creators: name: Bansal, Anshika
name: Mahajan, Namit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the study of radiative tau decay ($τ^- \rightarrow π^- ν_τγ$), computing the structure dependent contribution using Light Cone Sum Rules. This decay includes the same form factors as the radiative pion decay with the crucial difference that the momentum transfer squared, $t$, between the pion-photon system is positive, which makes these form factors timelike and also as $t$ can now take values upto $m_τ^2$ , it can produce real hadronic resonances. The analytical form for these form factors has been calculated using light cone sum rules method and the invariant mass-spectrum in the $π-γ$ system and the decay width are presented. The structure dependent parameter, $γ$, the ratio of the axial to vector form factor is found to be in good agreement with the experimental determination.
description: 22 pages, 6 figures
The Near-Term Impacts of Carbon Mitigation Policies on Manufacturing Industries
Creators: name: Morgenstern, Richard D.
name: Ho, Mun S.
name: Shih, Jhih-Shyang
name: Zhang, Xuehua
name: Morgenstern, Richard D.
name: Ho, Mun S.
name: Shih, Jhih-Shyang
name: Zhang, Xuehua
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: distribution of carbon mitigation costs
subject: industrial impacts of carbon policies

description: Who will pay for new policies to reduce carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions in the United States? This paper considers a slice of the question by examining the near-term impact on domestic manufacturing industries of both upstream (economy-wide) and downstream (electric power industry only) carbon mitigation policies. Detailed Census data on the electricity use of four-digit manufacturing industries is combined with input-output information on interindustry purchases to paint a detailed picture of carbon use, including effects on final demand. This approach, which freezes capital and other inputs at current levels and assumes that all costs are passed forward, yields upper-bound estimates of total costs. The results are best viewed as descriptive of the relative burdens within the manufacturing sector rather than as a measure of absolute costs. Overall, the principal conclusion is that within the manufacturing sector (which by definition excludes coal production and electricity generation), only a small number of industries would bear a disproportionate short-term burden of a carbon tax or similar policy. Not surprisingly, an electricity-only policy affects very different manufacturing industries than an economy-wide carbon tax.
How Local Governments Structure Contracts with Private Firms: Economic Theory and Evidence on Solid Waste and Recycling Contracts
Creators: name: Walls, Margaret
name: Walls, Margaret
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: incentive contracts
subject: asset specificity
subject: principal-agent models
subject: waste collection
subject: recycling

description: Solid waste management services are contracted out to private firms in many U.S. communities. Household waste collection, transport, and disposal are relatively straightforward services to define within the terms of a contract. The addition of recycling, however, significantly complicates matters. How should contracts be structured to provide incentives for recycling? Who should own key facilities, such as recyclable materials processing facilities? Should a separate contract for processing and sale of materials be used, or should these services be provided by government employees or purely private markets? These questions are addressed in this study using the principal-agent framework and the theory of incomplete contracts in economics. I explain stylized facts in the industry, including facts about asset ownership, and look in detail at contracts used in seven communities that have achieved high rates of waste diversion and recycling.
Space-Charge-Limited Current Fluctuations in Organic Semiconductors
Creators: name: Carbone, A.
name: Kotowska, B. K.
name: Kotowski, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Low-frequency current fluctuations are investigated over a bias range covering {\em ohmic}, {\em trap-filling} and {\em space-charge-limited current} regimes in polycrystalline polyacenes. The relative current noise power spectral density ${\cal S}(f)$ is constant in the {\em ohmic} region, steeply increases at the {\em trap-filling transition} region and decreases in the {\em space-charge-limited-current} region. The {\em noise peak} at the {\em trap-filling transition} is accounted for within a {\em continuum percolation model}. As the quasi-Fermi level crosses the trap level, intricate insulating paths nucleate within the ohmic matrix, determining the onset of non-equilibrium conditions at the interface between the insulating and conducting phase. The {\em noise peak} is written in terms of the free and trapped charge carrier densities.
description: corrected proofs
Mendelssohn's small ternary forms in Songs without words, Op. 19: a quantitative analysis
Creators: name: Kotler, Jonathan
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2021

description: While descriptive analysis affords interpretive flexibility, a properly conceived quantitative framework can enhance understanding by enabling the precise measurement and comparison of musical phenomena, the statistical evaluation of numerous phenomenal instances and relationships, and data visualization for pattern detection and communication. This study presents such a framework and uses it to analyze Felix Mendelssohn’s small ternary forms in Songs Without Words, Op. 19.This study builds upon and extends William Caplin’s theory of formal functions. It does so by adding three main analytical tools to Caplin’s framework: 1) a conception of a unit’s form-functional efficiency that enables its precise measurement, 2) a quantitative theory of a formal unit’s tonal stability as expressed by its harmonic progression, and 3) a quantitative theory of a formal unit’s symmetry of grouping structure.This methodology reveals the dominant design tendencies of Mendelssohn’s small ternary organization in Op. 19. First, he favors a tighter, or more stable, exposition than contrasting middle 42.9% of the time. Next, 50% of the time, Mendelssohn crafts a tighter exposition than recapitulation. Finally, he designs a looser, or less stable, contrasting middle than recapitulation 42.9% of the time.In this paper, I also examine Mendelssohn’s small ternary practice in relation to Caplin’s classical model of small ternary organization. The organization of Op. 19/2 and three factors—cadential design, thematic design, and grouping-structure symmetry—feature a relatively high frequency of conformity to Caplin’s model; the other pieces, the other factors, and the composite sectional relationships do not.Beyond contributing to an understanding of Mendelssohn’s small ternary organization in Op. 19, one can use the quantitative framework I present in this paper to enhance an understanding of other musical phenomena, including the evaluation of other composers’ formal units and the larger forms that they constitute.
Anomaly-Mediation and Sequestering from a Higher-Dimensional viewpoint
Creators: name: Son, Minho
name: Sundrum, Raman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a five-dimensional supergravity model with boundary-localized visible sector exhibiting anomaly-mediated supersymmetry breaking, in which the central requirements of sequestering and radius stabilization are achieved perturbatively. This makes it possible to understand these various mechanisms in a more integrated and transparent fashion, mostly from the higher-dimensional viewpoint. Local supersymmetry, in the presence of visible sector quantum effects, is enforced by the formalism of the five-dimensional superconformal tensor calculus. The construction results in only mild warping, which allows a natural supersymmetry-breaking mediation mechanism of (finite) boundary-to-boundary gravity loops to co-dominate with anomaly-mediation, thereby solving the latter's tachyonic slepton problem. We make the non-trivial check that this can occur while dangerous loops of stabilizing fields remain highly suppressed. Our discussion is a well-controlled starting point for considering other generalizations of anomaly-mediation, or for string theory realizations.
description: 33 pages, typos corrected, added references, version appearing in JHEP