cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Effect of Annealing Process on Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells with Down-Conversion SiNx：:Tb3+ - Yb3+ Films
Creators: name: Lee, Y.-C.
name: Wu, S.-C.
name: Yu, I.-S.
name: Dumont, L.
name: Cardin, J.
name: Labbe, C.
name: Gourbilleau, F.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: New Materials and Concepts for Photovoltaic Devices
New Materials and Concepts for Cells and Modules

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 157-159
description: Down-conversion (DC) is the process in which a photon with high energy can be converted into two photons of low energy by cooperative energy transfer to minimize the problem of thermalization of electron-hole pairs in solar cells. In this paper, SiNx:Tb3+-Yb3+ thin films were integrated on the top of c-silicon solar cells by reactive magnetron co-sputtering as spectrum converter and anti-reflection coating layers. After the process integration of monolithic c-Si solar cells with DC films, these films and the performances of solar cells were characterized and analyzed. Transmission electron microscope experiments show these layers uniformly on texturing Si surface. Photoluminescence spectroscopy depicts the energy conversion of DC films annealed at the temperatures of 650°C, 750°C, and 850°C, respectively. From the performance of solar cells, we can find the optimal annealing parameters to enhance the performance of monolithic c-Si solar cells with DC SiNx:Tb3+-Yb3+ films.
Initial Access in 5G mm-Wave Cellular Networks
Creators: name: Giordani, Marco
name: Mezzavilla, Marco
name: Zorzi, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The massive amounts of bandwidth available at millimeter-wave frequencies (roughly above 10 GHz) have the potential to greatly increase the capacity of fifth generation cellular wireless systems. However, to overcome the high isotropic pathloss experienced at these frequencies, high directionality will be required at both the base station and the mobile user equipment to establish sufficient link budget in wide area networks. This reliance on directionality has important implications for control layer procedures. Initial access in particular can be significantly delayed due to the need for the base station and the user to find the proper alignment for directional transmission and reception. This paper provides a survey of several recently proposed techniques for this purpose. A coverage and delay analysis is performed to compare various techniques including exhaustive and iterative search, and Context Information based algorithms. We show that the best strategy depends on the target SNR regime, and provide guidelines to characterize the optimal choice as a function of the system parameters.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables, 15 references, submitted to IEEE COMMAG 2016
Analysis and Strategy Research on the Mathematics Learning Situation of the Postgraduate Candidates
Creators: name: WANG Hanyutang
name: ZHOU Yumo
name: ZHEN Bo
name: HUANG Min
name: YANG Falei
name: MA Yongjia
name: FANG Hong
name: XU Liyan
name: WANG Hanyutang
name: ZHOU Yumo
name: ZHEN Bo
name: HUANG Min
name: YANG Falei
name: MA Yongjia
name: FANG Hong
name: XU Liyan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Postgraduate candidates, Mathematics for the postgraduate entrance examination, Learning Situation, Present situation analysis, Strategy research

description: This study takes the students who intend to study for graduate students as the research object, and makes a questionnaire survey on the mathematics learning situation and learning platform of the postgraduate candidates. Questionnaires were distributed online and offline, and a total of 326 valid questionnaires were collected. Based on 326 questionnaires, this paper analyzes the current learning situation of mathematics in the postgraduate entrance examination and studies the strategies based on the present situation, which points out the direction for the construction of mathematics learning and communication platform based on the needs of postgraduate entrance examination.
title: The combined application of force under Article 2(4) and Article 51 of the United Nations Charter for cyber warfare
title: Examining and learning lessons from the Iranian cyber warfare threat to Saudi Arabi
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Alhamdan, Monirah
Publisher: name: Lancaster University
Year: 2024

description: This thesis is written by MONIRAH FAHAD ALHAMDAN on the combined

 application of force under Article 2(4) and Article 51 of the United
 Nations Charter for cyber warfare: Examining and learning lessons from the
 Iranian cyber warfare threat to Saudi Arabia. In the absence of formal
 international legal regulation on cyber warfare and cyber-attacks,
 countries must apply the traditional rules for determining whether an
 armed conflict exists (jus ad bellum) to this new type of conflict.
 Nonetheless, applying jus ad bellum norms to this issue is a very
 controversial matter. Article 2(4) of the UN Charter prohibits using force
 between states, whereas Article 51 makes an exception for self-defence
 against an armed attack. To what extent can these Articles be applied to
 prevent and punish the source of cyber operations? This and other
 questions will be discussed in this study. The International Court of
 Justice (ICJ) clarified the use of force in the Nicaragua case. Also, it
 recognised the right of self-defence in customary international law.
 Moreover, the present study is timely and significant because of the
 increased number of ‘cyber operations’ influencing other states, such as
 in the long-lasting regional struggle for power between Saudi Arabia and
 Iran. That regional struggle will provide the backdrop to this thesis,
 although global examples will also be examined. Also, to understand its
 responsibility and scope of cyber-attacks, this research will attempt to
 assess the lawfulness of the Security Council to authorize the use of
 cyber weapons as a tool to maintain peace and security in the world. This
 body of research will furthermore look into the jus ad bellum norms in
 Traditional Islamic Rules in a cyber-context.

 Moreover, it will help researchers do further research in applying
 international law norms to cyber operations. This thesis undertakes a
 robust doctrinal analysis of the existing exalt in this field and proposes
 some future developments. This thesis will not use measurements of
 quantity and amounts as its essential tools but instead a qualitative
 method.
Effect of Co and Cr Doping on the Optical Band Gap of ZnTe
Creators: name: Chaik, M.
name: El Aakib, H.
name: Sambeval, C.
name: Elyaagoubi, M.
name: Outzourhit, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: New Materials and Concepts for Photovoltaic Devices
New Materials and Concepts for Cells and Modules

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 172-174
description: Recently, there has been a growing interest in intermediate band solar cells as their expected efficiency
as higher than that of traditional single junction cells. Efficiency limits as high as 63.2 % were predicted for this type
of cells. This is mainly due to the possibility of sequential absorption of photons in a single material with
intermediate bands (IB). Such IB can be formed through doping of large band gap semiconductors that otherwise do
not absorbed the solar spectrum efficiently. In this work we will focus on ZnTe because its optical gap is 2.26eV and
the fact that it can be easily doped.
In this work, we will focus studying the effect of doping ZnTe thin films by Cobalt and Chromium and the possibility
to create an intermediate band in the band gap of this material.. For this purpose, several films Co and Cr-doped ZnTe
thin films were deposited by RF co-sputtering from a pure ZnTe target, partially covered by pure Cr and Co chunks
with various surface coverage ratio. The deposition was carried out in an Argon atmosphere under an RF-power of
150W for a fixed time of 1,5 hour. The structural, microstructural and optical properties of the obtained films were
investigated. A decrease in the optical band gap of the films was observed as the doping level is increased.
Holographic Brownian motion at finite density
Creators: name: Banerjee, Pinaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Brownian motion of a heavy charged particle at zero and small (but finite) temperature is studied in presence of finite density. We are primarily interested in the dynamics at (near) zero temperature which is holographically described by motion of a fundamental string in an (near-) extremal Reissner-Nordstr$\ddot{\text{o}}$m black hole. We analytically compute the functional form of retarded Green's function for small frequencies and extract the dissipative behavior at and near zero temperature.
description: 25 pages, 3 figures; Replaced with version to appear in PRD; Presentation improved, typos corrected and references added
Pardalotus striatus subsp. kingi Mathews
Creators: name: Pachycephalidae
name: Aegithalidae
name: Remizidae
name: Paridae
name: Sittidae
name: Neosittidae
name: Certhiidae
name: Rhabdornithidae
name: Climacteridae
name: Dicaeidae
name: Pardalotidae
name: Nectariniidae, And
name: Lecroy, Mary
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Pardalotidae
Pardalotus

description: Pardalotus striatus kingi Mathews Pardalotus striatus kingi Mathews, 1912a: 387 (King Island). Now Pardalotus striatus striatus (Gmelin, 1789). See Schodde and Mason, 1999: 128–131, and Woinarski, 2008: 401. HOLOTYPE: AMNH 698850, adult male, collected on King Island, 39.50S, 144.00E (USBGN, 1957), Bass Strait, Tasmania, Australia, on 11 November 1902. From the Mathews Collection (no. 2878) via the Rothschild Collection. COMMENTS: Mathews cited his catalog number of the holotype in the original description and gave the range of kingi as King Island. The holotype bears the original field label with no collector’s name, and Mathews and Rothschild type labels. A second Mathews specimen, AMNH 698851, has a label noting ‘‘Data lost, possibly King Island,’’ collected in 1888. Because of the doubt about the collecting locality, I have not considered this specimen a paratype.
description: Published as part of Pachycephalidae, Aegithalidae, Remizidae, Paridae, Sittidae, Neosittidae, Certhiidae, Rhabdornithidae, Climacteridae, Dicaeidae, Pardalotidae, Nectariniidae, And & Lecroy, Mary, 2010, Type Specimens Of Birds In The American Museum Of Natural History Part 8. Passeriformes:, pp. 1-178 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2010 (333) on page 122
description: {"references": ["Mathews, G. M. 1912 a. A reference-list to the birds of Australia. Novitates Zoologicae 18: 171 - 446.", "Schodde, R., and I. J. Mason. 1999. The directory of Australian birds. Passerines. Collingwood, Victoria: CSIRO Publishing, 851 pp.", "Woinarski, J. C. Z. 2008. Family Pardalotidae (pardalotes). In J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, and D. Christie (editors), Handbook of birds of the world, volume 13: 390 - 401. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, 880 pp., 60 pls., 536 photographs."]}
A targeted spectral interpolation algorithm for the detection of continuous gravitational waves
Creators: name: Davies, Gareth S.
name: Pitkin, Matthew
name: Woan, Graham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an improved method of targeting continuous gravitational-wave signals in data from the LIGO and Virgo detectors with a higher efficiency than the time-domain Bayesian pipeline used in many previous searches. Our spectral interpolation algorithm, SplInter, removes the intrinsic phase evolution of the signal from source rotation and relative detector motion. We do this in the frequency domain and generate a time series containing only variations in the signal due to the antenna pattern. Although less flexible than the classic heterodyne approach, SplInter allows for rapid analysis of putative signals from isolated (and some binary) pulsars, and efficient follow-up searches for candidate signals generated by other search methods. The computational saving over the heterodyne approach can be many orders of magnitude, up to a factor of around fifty thousand in some cases, with a minimal impact on overall sensitivity for most targets.
description: 21 pages, 10 figures, version accepted for publication
Research and Practice on Curriculum Reform of Chinese Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Major against the Backdrop of "Comprehensive Health"
Creators: name: ZHU Hua
name: SHEN Liqun
name: WEI Anda
name: KANG Lin
name: XIE Fengfeng
name: LI Danni
name: ZHU Hua
name: SHEN Liqun
name: WEI Anda
name: KANG Lin
name: XIE Fengfeng
name: LI Danni
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Comprehensive Health, Chinese pharmaceutical manufacturing major, Talent training

description: Against the backdrop of Comprehensive Health, the Chinese pharmaceutical manufacturing major faces both opportunities and challenges. This paper describes some problems encountered in the development of the Chinese pharmaceutical manufacturing major, puts forward some suggestions and measures to adapt to the training of talents of Chinese pharmaceutical manufacturing against the backdrop of Comprehensive Health, and discusses the practical research on curriculum reform.
Ein Rezensionsartikel zu Schmidt-Leukel, Perry, "Gott ohne Grenzen" - eine christliche und pluralistische Theologie der Religionen
Creators: name: Gerold, Thomas
Publisher: name: European journal of theology
Year: 2024

description: European journal of theology, V. 15 N. 2 (2006): European Journal of Theology, Band 15, Heft 2
Optical and Compositional Properties of ALD Grown TiOx
Creators: name: Akdemir, O.
name: Nasser, H.
name: Zolfaghariborra, M.
name: Turan, R.
name: Bek, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: New Materials and Concepts for Photovoltaic Devices
New Materials and Concepts for Cells and Modules

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 188-191
description: TiOx is an n-type semiconductor with a high dielectric constant, that has been frequently employed in photovoltaic solar cell applications. Thin films of TiOx have been recently demonstrated to act as an efficient electron selective and passivation layers for n-type crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells. In this study, optical and compositional characterizations of TiOx thin films deposited by thermal atomic layer (ALD) using tetrakis(dimethylamido)titanium (TDMAT) and H2O as precursors on n-type c-Si substrates, were investigated by using spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. Effects of substrate and precursor temperature as well as postdeposition annealing on the optical and compositional properties of ALD-grown TiOx thin films were investigated.
Quantifying Minority Carrier Lifetime and Collection Efficiency of Solar Cells by Combined Optical and Electrical Characterisation Techniques
Creators: name: Tsai, V.
name: Potamialis, C.
name: Ulicná, S.
name: Bliss, M.
name: Betts, T.R.
name: Gottschalg, R.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: New Materials and Concepts for Photovoltaic Devices
Fundamental Studies

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 114-121
description: This work presents the use of a combined measurement system for spectrally-resolved photoluminescence (PL), time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) and transient photocurrent decay (TPCD) to characterise the physical properties of solar cells and their materials. A physical model is proposed to quantify the localised carrier collection efficiency of solar cells from the measured localised minority carrier lifetime from TRPL measurements and the localised minority carrier diffusion time from TPCD measurements. A single excitation laser source is used to measure TRPL and TPCD at the same spot on the solar cell. Combined PL, TRPL and TPCD measurements are conducted on a CdS/CdTe and a CIGS sample. The resulting PL spectra for both samples show that the emission spectra can yield information on the material bandgap. TRPL and TPCD yield localised carrier lifetime and diffusion times of TRPL=3.91ns and TPCD=40.5ns respectively for the CdS/CdTe sample, and TRPL=2.45ns and TPCD=196.8ns respectively for the CIGS sample. The ratio between the TRPL and TPCD values is shown to be proportional to the localised carrier collection efficiency, yielding collection efficiencies of 21.97% and 7.93% for the CdS/CdTe and CIGS sample, respectively. The initial results show that the localised carrier collection efficiency may be affected by the sample’s metal contact configuration. In short, this combined measurement approach can offer a novel and useful method of characterising the material quality of solar cells and the localised carrier collection efficiency of finished PV devices.
Application of ETA in the Management of Mental Health Education for College Students
Creators: name: YAN Fei
name: LI Hua
name: YUAN Jiang
name: YAN Fei
name: LI Hua
name: YUAN Jiang
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Event tree analysis (ETA) method, College students, Mental health, Health education management

description: In view of the common psychological problems of college students, this paper analyzed the current situation and problems of college students, and found that the management of mental health education is complex and difficult. A main reason is the lack of scientific method guidance. According to this phenomenon and the existing problems, using the event tree analysis (ETA), the qualitative and quantitative analysis, it found that emergency treatment is the most important link in mental health education management of college students, test education talk emergency four links missing and failure will lead to hidden danger. Finally, combined with the principle of education and management, and psychological principle, it proposed method for the event tree mental health education management.
Quantum thermal transistor
Creators: name: Joulain, Karl
name: Drevillon, Jérémie
name: Ezzahri, Younès
name: Ordonez-Miranda, Jose
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that a thermal transistor can be made up with a quantum system of 3 interacting subsystems , coupled to a thermal reservoir each. This thermal transistor is analogous to an electronic bipolar one with the ability to control the thermal currents at the collector and at the emitter with the imposed thermal current at the base. This is achieved determining the heat fluxes by means of the strong-coupling formalism. For the case of 3 interacting spins, in which one of them is coupled to the other 2, that are not directly coupled, it is shown that high amplification can be obtained in a wide range of energy parameters and temperatures. The proposed quantum transistor could, in principle, be used to develop devices such as a thermal modulator and a thermal amplifier in nano systems.
description: Physical Review Letters, American Physical Society, 2016, 116, pp.200601
Rapid Calculation of the Backsheet Coupling Gain Using Ray Groups
Creators: name: Pfreundt, A.
name: Mittag, M.
name: Heinrich, M.
name: Eitner, U.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: New Materials and Concepts for Photovoltaic Devices
Fundamental Studies

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 96-102
description: Internal reflections within photovoltaic modules are known to contribute to power gains from cell to module. The module rear cover, usually a white backsheet, is one module component reflecting additional light onto the solar cell. A novel approach to model the effect of backsheet reflectance on the achievable coupling gain in solar modules is presented. Using a discrete ray optics approach, results can be calculated rapidly for arbitrary reflectance distributions using a partition of the emerging rays into groups. The model is fully wavelength resolved, using measured data to model optical material properties. It is therefore suitable for arbitrary material stacks in front of and behind the solar cell with a single diffusely scattering layer. We study the impact of layer thicknesses, incidence angle and distribution function on the coupling gain using the presented approach. Comparison to measurements of the coupling gain using single cell modules shows good agreement with the calculated results.
: Efficient Sulfur Removal from High Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Using Engineered Getter:A Comprehensive Computational Investigation
Creators: name: Tapu, Mohammad Tanvir Azad
name: S, M. Saleheen Osman Yeead
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Getter(SMO/SNO)

description: The presence of airborne SO2 contaminant irreversibly deteriorates the electrochemical activity of air electrodes in high-temperature electrochemical systems, such as solid oxide fuel cells. In this study, a computational model of a sulfur (S) getter has been developed to optimize the design of a 1 kW Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) system, effectively halting cathode degradation using the getter. A monolithic substrate with a cell density of 400 cells per square inch (cpsi) has been identified as the ideal material for the getter support. The coating thickness of the getter is 10 micrometers with a porosity of 50 percent. To determine the most effective getter, the performance of two popular getters, Strontium Nickel Oxide (SNO) and Strontium Manganese Oxide (SMO), were modeled under accelerated experimental conditions. The results demonstrate that SMO is superior to SNO in this application. Additionally, it has been found that a getter can last the entire lifespan of a SOFC plant under specific conditions
Evaluating the Potential of Optical Materials as Solar Cell Absorbers
Creators: name: Dzurnak, B.
name: Danos, L.
name: Markvart, T.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: New Materials and Concepts for Photovoltaic Devices
Fundamental Studies

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 110-113
description: We have developed a methodology to evaluate materials for potential use as absorbers in solar cells without the need for device fabrication. Using our expertise developed for fluorescence collectors we have fabricated relevant structures and characterised them for reabsorption and absolute fluorescence intensity. The latter then form a basis to deduce the chemical potential of the emitted light, closely related to open-circuit voltage of a solar cell where this material would act as an absorber. Detailed analyses are carried out of the relevant losses focusing on interplay between photon recycling, non-radiative quenching and absorptivity/emissivity. Our results present values of open-circuit voltage that can be achieved using easily available laser dyes.
Analysis on the Experimental Teaching Reform of Landscape Design under the New Situation
Creators: name: SUN Gang
name: NIU Xueli
name: LIU Wan'gou
name: CHENG Xialan
name: LIU Yang
name: SUN Gang
name: NIU Xueli
name: LIU Wan'gou
name: CHENG Xialan
name: LIU Yang
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Landscape design, Experimental teaching, Reform and innovation

description: The experimental course of Landscape Design is based on the training of design ability, which breaks the traditional mode of students' self-completion of homework, and finally changes from the traditional mode of teachers' comments to the task of real site design to carry out course experiments, making students construct relevant theoretical knowledge in the process of completing specific projects. After professional designers' in-depth and detailed, systematic analysis and comments, the training of students' professional ability is highlighted. In the process of the experiment, it focuses on link with the industry and enterprises, and obtains the professional abilities and professional skills needed by the enterprises according to the method of situational learning theory.
Generalized Reciprocity Relation in p-i-n Junction Solar Cells
Creators: name: Toprasertpong, K.
name: Delamarre, A.
name: Watanabe, K.
name: Nakano, Y.
name: Guillemoles, J.F.
name: Sugiyama, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: New Materials and Concepts for Photovoltaic Devices
Fundamental Studies

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 103-106
description: The reciprocity relation, whose original version is not applicable to solar cells with wide depletion regions, is investigated and generalized to apply to p-i-n junction solar cells. By linearizing the transport equation in the i-region, we have derived the general form of reciprocity relation between electroluminescence and quantum efficiency at forward bias, not short circuit. This generalized reciprocity relation has been experimentally confirmed by comparing the electroluminescence and the voltage-dependent quantum efficiency of p-i-n multiple quantum well solar cells.
How can a clairvoyant particle escape the exclusion process?
Creators: name: Baldasso, Rangel
name: Teixeira, Augusto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60K37, 60K35, 82B43, 82C22

description: We study a detection problem in the following setting: On the one-dimensional integer lattice, at time zero, place nodes on each site independently with probability $ρ\in [0,1)$ and let them evolve as a simple symmetric exclusion process. At time zero, place a target at the origin. The target moves only at integer times, and can move to any site that is within distance $R$ from its current position. Assume also that the target can predict the future movement of all nodes. We prove that, for $R$ large enough (depending on the value of $ρ$) it is possible for the target to avoid detection forever with positive probability. The proof of this result uses two ingredients of independent interest. First we establish a renormalisation scheme that can be used to prove percolation for dependent oriented models under a certain decoupling condition. This result is general and does not rely on the specifities of the model. As an application, we prove our main theorem for different dynamics, such as independent random walks and independent renewal chains. We also proof existence of oriented percolation for random interlacements and for its vacant set for large dimensions . The second step of the proof is a space-time decoupling for the exclusion process.
description: 33 pages, 10 figures. New applications added and extended bibliography
Whisperonic Solar Cells
Creators: name: Chandran, S.
name: Das, T.K.
name: Ilaiyaraja, P.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: New Materials and Concepts for Photovoltaic Devices
New Materials and Concepts for Cells and Modules

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 55-57
description: Sensitized solar cells (SSC), including DSSC and QDSSC, are third generation solar cells, which aim
to achieve low cost, highly efficient solar light to electricity conversion devices. The challenge that prevails till today
is to find approaches to achieve high efficiency. Of several important factors that limit the efficiency in these SSC,
including poor connectivity of the TiO2 nanoparticles, charge separation and transport in the photoanode layer,
inefficient light absorption by the dye/quantum dot, non-directional transport of charge carriers with significant
recombination, and inefficient loading of the sensitizer on the photoanode, the non-optimal utilization of the light
entering the devices is the most important one. A large fraction of the light that enters the solar cell gets lost or do not
get converted into excitons. Here we propose a new type of solar cell called “whisperonic solar cells (WSC)”. To
make efficient use of the light entering the device, WSC, a modified version of Grätzel solar cell, uses mesoporous
microspheres exhibiting whispering gallery modes as the photoanode. Enhanced power conversion efficiency of
devices is achieved by the efficient scattering of light by way of intense optical whispering gallery modes that
eventually gets absorbed by the sensitizer in an efficient way. Mesoporous micron-sized spheres in addition to
exhibiting large Mie scattering (whispering gallery modes) can be used to load large fraction of quantum dot
sensitizer. Further, using composite photoanode (mesoporous microspherical TiO2 in combination with the
nanocrystalline TiO2) better connectivity among the particles leading to directional transport is achieved. The
recombination of charge carriers is suppressed largely with these composite photoanodes. All these characteristics of
the photoanode have been tested in the dye, quantum dot and thin film sensitized solar cells. Using CdSe and CuInS2
QDs, and CuInS2 thin film in the WSC devices we show significant enhancement in the power conversion
efficiencies.
Proposal for Quantum Sensing Based on Two-Dimensional Dynamical Decoupling: NMR Correlation Spectroscopy of Single Molecules
Creators: name: Ma, Wen-Long
name: Liu, Ren-Bao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has enormous applications. Two-dimensional NMR is an essential technique to characterize correlations between nuclei and, hence, molecule structures. Towards the ultimate goal of single-molecule NMR, dynamical-decoupling- (DD) enhanced diamond quantum sensing enables the detection of single nuclear spins and nanoscale NMR. However, there is still the lack of a standard method in DD-based quantum sensing to characterize correlations between nuclear spins in single molecules. Here we present a scheme of two-dimensional DD-based quantum sensing, as a universal method for correlation spectroscopy of single molecules. We design two-dimensional DD sequences composed of two sets of periodic DD sequences with different periods, which can be independently set to match two different transition frequencies for resonant DD. We find that under the resonant DD condition the sensor coherence patterns, as functions of the two independent pulse numbers of DD subsequences, can fully determine different types of correlations between nuclear spin transitions. This work offers a systematic approach to correlation spectroscopy for single-molecule NMR.
description: 23 pages, 3 figures + 8 page supplement
Analysis of Grain-Size Distribution and Yield Strength of Interconnector Ribbons and Wires at Different Stretching Conditions Using Color Etching
Creators: name: Walter, J.
name: Stegmaier, J.
name: Kraft, A.
name: Eitner, U.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: New Materials and Concepts for Photovoltaic Devices
New Materials and Concepts for Cells and Modules

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 58-66
description: In this paper we analyze the microstructure of solder coated copper ribbon and wire interconnectors for
silicon solar cells from different manufacturers at different stretch levels in longitudinal and cross microsections by
color etching and microscopy. The used etchant colors each grain according to its crystallographic orientation. This
enables the extraction of the grain size and frequency information by image and data processing tools. Furthermore
we measure the yield strength of the solar cell interconnectors for strain levels of 0.5 %, 5 % and 10 % and evaluate
the impact on the microstructure of the interconnector.
We find a large variation in the copper microstructure, especially for wires and observe an inverse relation between
yield strength and grain sizes corresponding to the Hall-Petch relation. The lowest measured yield strength for a wire
interconnector is about 82 MPa (avg. grain size: 237 μm²), which is about 20 MPa higher compared to the lowest
yield strength measured for ribbons (avg. grain size: 247 μm²). The wire with the highest yield strength of 148 MPa
shows fine grains (avg. grain size: 29 μm²). In the ribbon analysis we find the same overall correlation between grain
size and yield strength with some exceptions. This underlines that grain size distribution is not the only attribute
which affects the yield strength. The analysis of copper ribbons at different stretch levels discloses a deformation or
refinement of the copper grains associated with rising yield strength.
In general the results show that the approach of a color etching, optimized for solar cell interconnector cross and
longitudinal sections, is a suitable, fast and cost-effective solution to quantify the grain size distribution and evaluate
mechanical impacts like stretching or bending on the copper microstructure.
Four-jet production in single- and double-parton scattering within high-energy factorization
Creators: name: Kutak, Krzysztof
name: Maciula, Rafal
name: Serino, Mirko
name: Szczurek, Antoni
name: van Hameren, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a first study of 4-jet production in a complete high-energy factorization (HEF) framework. We include and discuss contributions from both single-parton scattering (SPS) and double-parton scattering (DPS). The calculations are performed for kinematical situations relevant for two experimental measurements (ATLAS and CMS) at the LHC. We compare our results to those reported by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations for different sets of kinematical cuts. The results of the HEF approach are compared with their counterparts for collinear factorization. For symmetric cuts the DPS HEF result is considerably smaller than the one obtained with collinear factorization. The mechanism leading to this difference is of kinematical nature. We conclude that an analysis of inclusive 4-jet production with asymmetric $p_T$-cuts below 50 GeV would be useful to enhance the DPS contribution relative to the SPS contribution. In contrast to the collinear approach, the HEF approach nicely describes the distribution of the $ΔS$ variable, which involves all four jets and their angular correlations.
description: 18 pages, 14 figures
The Use and Abuse of Woc as a Figure of Merit
Creators: name: Ekins-Daukes, N.
name: Pusch, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: New Materials and Concepts for Photovoltaic Devices
Fundamental Studies

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 12-14
description: Woc is defined as the difference between the semiconductor band-gap (Eg) and open circuit voltage (Voc)
of a solar cell. It has the virtue of being straightforward to determine and can be used to compare the quality of solar
cells with different band-gap energies. Here we revisit the fundamental limits to Woc and highlight some pitfalls where
it can produce misleading data when applied to solar cells that have relatively low densities of states close to the bandedge;
a situation commonly encountered with nanostructures.
Nanoabsorbers for PV: New Potential Applications
Creators: name: Steenhoff, V.
name: Osterthun, N.
name: Gehrke, K.
name: Vehse, M.
name: Agert, C.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: New Materials and Concepts for Photovoltaic Devices
New Materials and Concepts for Cells and Modules

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 51-54
description: Nanoabsorber materials enabling strong absorption with thicknesses in the few-nanometer range have
recently gained a lot of attention in the research community, and their utilization in photovoltaic devices has been
proposed. However, with ever decreasing costs and increasing efficiencies of both c-Si based solar cells as well as
existing thin film technologies, it is often argued that there is limited merit in developing further PV technologies. In
this contribution, we present two novel applications in which nanoabsorber-based solar cells pose strong technical
advantages over standard PV. In particular, we propose a spectrally selective solar cell design which transmits
significant fractions of the blue and red light required for the photosynthesis of algae and higher plants, while the
remaining parts are utilized for electricity generation. Another concept, which we call a “Smart PV Window”, can be
switched from transparent to shaded mode, while the shaded mode not simply blocks the light but instead harvests
electric energy from it.
Electrically Conductive Adhesives for Cell Interconnection in Shingled Module Technology: The Impact of Material Properties on Mini-Module Performance
Creators: name: Estruga, M.
name: Theunissen, L.
name: Ardizzone, A.
name: Willems, B.
name: Henckens, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: New Materials and Concepts for Photovoltaic Devices
New Materials and Concepts for Cells and Modules

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 67-70
description: Modules manufactured with shingled crystalline silicon solar cells have become more prevalent as of late. For these structures, the electrical and mechanical properties of the electrically conductive adhesive (ECA) used to attach the shingles together plays a key role in the final performance of the assembled modules. In this work, ECAs based on different chemistry platforms are presented and the impact of their properties (such as adhesion, bulk electrical conductivity, contact resistivity to Ag ribbons and storage modulus) on module thermocycling reliability
(-40/85˚C) and static mechanical load performance is studied. In particular, full-sized modules were built with ECAs with a wide range of storage moduli -- from very flexible, to very rigid materials -- and it was found that materials with the highest storage modulus show a larger power loss upon standard mechanical load tests. In addition, one-cell mini-modules were built to study the effect of the contact resistivity on the reliability performance, with findings suggesting that ECA usage is the main contributor to the series resistance increase upon cycling. Lastly, the work also proves that other materials in the mini-module manufacture process, such as the backsheet, play a critical role in reliability.
On the role of secondary pions in spallation targets
Creators: name: Mancusi, Davide
name: Meo, Sergio Lo
name: Colonna, Nicola
name: Boudard, Alain
name: Cortés-Giraldo, Miguel Antonio
name: Cugnon, Joseph
name: David, Jean-Christophe
name: Leray, Sylvie
name: Lerendegui-Marco, Jorge
name: Massimi, Cristian
name: Vlachoudis, Vasilis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use particle-transport simulations to show that secondary pions play a crucial role for the development of the hadronic cascade and therefore for the production of neutrons and photons from thick spallation targets. In particular, for the n_TOF lead spallation target, irradiated with 20 GeV/c protons, neutral pions are involved in the production of ~90% of the high-energy photons; charged pions participate in ~40% of the integral neutron yield. Nevertheless, photon and neutron yields are shown to be relatively insensitive to large changes of the average pion multiplicity in the individual spallation reactions. We characterize this robustness as a peculiar property of hadronic cascades in thick targets.
description: 17 pages, 14 figures. Submitted to Eur. Phys. J. A
Electronic Ratchets as Necessary Stepping Stones for New PV Concepts
Creators: name: Delamarre, A.
name: Suchet, D.
name: Cavassilas, N.
name: Jehl Li Kao, Z.
name: Okada, Y.
name: Sugiyama, M.
name: Guillemoles, J.-F.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: New Materials and Concepts for Photovoltaic Devices
Fundamental Studies

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1-5
description: Although promising, new solar cells concepts such as Intermediate Band Solar Cells have not shown efficiency improvements beyond single junction records so far. A potential path for increasing the performances would be to introduce electronic ratchets, which consists in a slight energy shift within one of the three bands of the system. Considering realistic properties such as sub optimal absorption and non-radiative recombination, we show that intermediate band can result in severe decrease of the performances, while a ratchet state can compensate those non-idealities. This allows us to consider new structures for the practical realization of intermediate band solar cells, such as quantum wells, which have been largely less considered than quantum dots so far.
Neutrino mass without cosmic variance
Creators: name: LoVerde, Marilena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measuring the absolute scale of the neutrino masses is one of the most exciting opportunities available with near-term cosmological datasets. Two quantities that are sensitive to neutrino mass, scale-dependent halo bias $b(k)$ and the linear growth parameter $f(k)$ inferred from redshift-space distortions, can be measured without cosmic variance. Unlike the amplitude of the matter power spectrum, which always has a finite error, the error on $b(k)$ and $f(k)$ continues to decrease as the number density of tracers increases. This paper presents forecasts for statistics of galaxy and lensing fields that are sensitive to neutrino mass via $b(k)$ and $f(k)$. The constraints on neutrino mass from the auto- and cross-power spectra of spectroscopic and photometric galaxy samples are weakened by scale-dependent bias unless a very high density of tracers is available. In the high density limit, using multiple tracers allows cosmic-variance to be beaten and the forecasted errors on neutrino mass shrink dramatically. In practice, beating the cosmic variance errors on neutrino mass with $b(k)$ will be a challenge, but this signal is nevertheless a new probe of neutrino effects on structure formation that is interesting in its own right.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures. v2: references added, minor changes to text and figures, matches PRD accepted version
In-plane Topological p-n Junction in the Three-Dimensional Topological Insulator Bi$_{2-x}$Sb$_x$Te$_{3-y}$Se$_y$
Creators: name: Tu, Ngoc Han
name: Tanabe, Yoichi
name: Satake, Yosuke
name: Huynh, Khuong Kim
name: Tanigaki, Katsumi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A topological p-n junction (TPNJ) is an important concept to control spin and charge transport on a surface of three dimensional topological insulators (3D-TIs). Here we report successful fabrication of such TPNJ on a surface of 3D-TI Bi$_{2-x}$Sb$_x$Te$_{3-y}$Se$_y$ thin films and experimental observation of the electrical transport. By tuning the chemical potential of n-type topological Dirac surface of BSTS on its top half by employing tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane as an organic acceptor molecule, a half surface can be converted to p-type with leaving the other half side as the opposite n-type, and consequently TPNJ can be created. By sweeping the back-gate voltage in the field effect transistor structure, the TPNJ was controlled both on the bottom and the top surfaces. A dramatic change in electrical transport observed at the TPNJ on 3D-TI thin films promises novel spin and charge transport of 3D-TIs for future spintronics.
description: 31pages, 5 figures
Fourier-Mukai and autoduality for compactified Jacobians. I
Creators: name: Melo, Margarida
name: Rapagnetta, Antonio
name: Viviani, Filippo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: To every singular reduced projective curve X one can associate, following E. Esteves, many fine compactified Jacobians, depending on the choice of a polarization on X, each of which yields a modular compactification of a disjoint union of the generalized Jacobian of X. We prove that, for a reduced curve with locally planar singularities, the integral (or Fourier-Mukai) transform with kernel the Poincare' sheaf from the derived category of the generalized Jacobian of X to the derived category of any fine compactified Jacobian of X is fully faithful, generalizing a previous result of D. Arinkin in the case of integral curves. As a consequence, we prove that there is a canonical isomorphism (called autoduality) between the generalized Jacobian of X and the connected component of the identity of the Picard scheme of any fine compactified Jacobian of X and that algebraic equivalence and numerical equivalence coincide on any fine compactified Jacobian, generalizing previous results of Arinkin, Esteves, Gagne', Kleiman, Rocha, Sawon. The paper contains an Appendix in which we explain how our work can be interpreted in view of the Langlands duality for the Higgs bundles as proposed by Donagi-Pantev.
description: 46 pages; final version, to appear in Crelle
Computing Jacobi Forms
Creators: name: Ryan, Nathan C.
name: Sirolli, Nicolás
name: Skoruppa, Nils-Peter
name: Tornaría, Gonzalo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11F50

description: We describe an implementation for computing holomorphic and skew-holomorphic Jacobi forms of integral weight and scalar index on the full modular group. This implementation is based on formulas derived by one of the authors which express Jacobi forms in terms of modular symbols of elliptic modular forms. Since this method allows to generate a Jacobi eigenform directly from a given modular eigensymbol without reference to the whole ambient space of Jacobi forms it makes it possible to compute Jacobi Hecke eigenforms of large index. We illustrate our method with several examples.
description: 14 pages, 5 tables, Cython implementation of algorithm included. Revised version. To appear in the LMS Journal of Computation and Mathematics
Impact of PV Power Loss/Gain on PV Power Cost and PV Adoption
Creators: name: Mohandes, N.
name: Elrayyah, A.
name: Sanfilippo, A.
name: Boumaiza, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: PV Economics, Markets and Policies
PV Economics and Markets

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2158-2160
description: We evaluate power losses and gains resulting from the integration of Rooftop Photovoltaic (RPV)
systems into the power grid, within scenarios where the RPV power is either fed back to the grid or consumed “behind
the meter”. Power losses resulting from feeding RPV power to the grid are calculated relative to the distance of the site
of power generation to the distribution feeder, using GIS data. When the power generated by RPV systems is consumed
“behind the meter”, this loss is turned into an equivalent power gain. Early results for 65,536 buildings in Qatar with
the assumed integration of a 5kW PV system per building show yearly power losses/gains of 7020MWh. Simulations
of residential PV adoption show that these power gains have a mild but distinctive effect, leading to a 1.3% increase in
adoption rate. The study suggests that overall power losses/gains are modest, providing mild support for a “behind the
meter” PV integration solution.