cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Glycation and the Maillard Reaction In Vitro: Implications for Diabetes Mellitus
Creators: name: Ahmed, Nessar
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1992

description: A colorimetric microassay for protein glycation based on the periodate method has been developed. This microassay has improved sensitivity, speed and yield of chromophore enabling it to be used on 0.1 mg aliquots of intact protein. However this assay is unsuitable for collagen and so a second microassay based on the TBA method was developed. This TBA microassay has an improved yield of HMF, is less cumbersome, requires less protein than earlier versions, and is suitable as a rapid assay for glycated collagen. Fructation induces AGE formation considerably faster than glucation in vitro probably because of the highly reactive fructose-derived aldehydic AP. However glycation assays designed for the glucose-AP (a ketose) were found to underestimate the true extent of fructation. For this reason a microassay based on the DNPH method was developed to quantify fructation. Comparative rates of protein fluorescence generated by different sugars were identical to their comparative rates of SB formation but not crosslinking. Using model proteins and different sugars, this study has revealed that fluorescent-AGE and crosslinked-AGE may be formed by independent pathways ie some proteins are more susceptible to crosslinked-AGE and vice versa. Phosphate, pH and calcium have been found to increase glucose and fructose-derived fluorescent-AGE in BSA. Contrary to current dogma, no evidence for an accelerated rise in AGE levels in reincubated proteins after removal of free sugars was found. Only a small increase in fluorescence of reincubated glucated-BSA but not fructated-BSA was detectable. These studies suggest that free sugars have a significant role in fluorescence generation and indeed using chemically modified proteins, evidence has been presented for a reaction between the AP and free sugars to form fluorescent products. This secondary glycation is more pronounced for fructose and explains in part the higher fluorescence generated by fructated proteins. Comparative studies between inhibitors with different modes of action have revealed that aminoguanidine is the most effective at reducing fluorescence and crosslinking of proteins in vitro on a molar basis. This is probably because the compound has multiple sites of action and more than one amino group. Phenylenediamine reacts with 3-DG preventing formation of AGE and was found to have a greater inhibitory effect on fructose compared to glucose-derived AGE. In this study, no evidence was found for sugar-induced protein fragmentation in vitro unless transition metals were included. Furthermore binding of the transition metal to protein appears to be important for significant fragmentation to occur and in vivo this autoxidative glycation may be restricted to the limited number of copper binding proteins only.
Dynamical fermions as a global correction
Creators: name: Knechtli, Francesco
name: Wolff, Ulli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the simplified setting of the Schwinger model we present a systematic study on the simulation of dynamical fermions by global accept/reject steps that take into account the fermion determinant. A family of exact algorithms is developed, which combine stochastic estimates of the determinant ratio with the exploitation of some exact extremal eigenvalues of the generalized problem defined by the `old' and the `new' Dirac operator. In this way an acceptable acceptance rate is achieved with large proposed steps and over a wide range of couplings and masses.
description: 39 pages, 9 figures, small changes in the text, Fig.5 and Tab.2 (incl. 1 corrected typo)
Introducing the Search for Intermediate-mass Black-hole In Nearby Galaxy (SIBLING) Survey
Creators: name: Martínez-Palomera, Jorge
name: Lira, Paulina
name: Bhalla-Ladd, India
name: Förster, Francisco
name: Plotkin, Richard M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Intermediate mass black holes (IMBHs) have masses between the $10^2\!-\!10^6$ M$_\odot$ and are key to our understanding of the formation of massive black holes. The known population of IMBH remains small, with a few hundred candidates and only a handful of them confirmed as bona-fide IMBHs. Until now, the most widely used selection method is based on spectral analysis. Here we present a methodology to select IMBH candidates via optical variability analysis of the nuclear region of local galaxies ($z \leqslant 0.35$). Active IMBH accreting at low rates show small amplitude variability with time scales of hours, as it is seen in one of the known IMBH NGC4395. We found a sample of $\sim \!500$ galaxies evidencing fast and small amplitude variation in their weekly based light curves. We estimate an average occupancy fraction of 4\% and a surface density of $\sim \!3$ deg$^{-2}$, which represent an increase by a factor of $\sim\!40$ compared to previous searches. A large fraction ($78\%$) of the candidates are in spiral galaxies. We preliminary confirm the AGN nature of 22 sources via BPT diagrams using SDSS legacy spectra. Further confirmation of these candidates will require multiwavelength observations, especially in X-ray and radio bands.
description: 16 pages (including Appendix), 15 figures
title: Infra-Red Studies of Peptide Nitrosation
Creators: name: Russell, Margaret
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1992

description: The synthesis, chemical properties and biological properties of both diazopeptides and N-nitrosopeptides are reviewed. The feasibility of assaying these compounds and studying their formation by Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) is analysed. The development of experimental procedures to facilitate kinetic studies of the nitrosation of peptides by FTIR is described. Methods to overcome the principal problems of solvent absorption and the continuous decomposition of the nitrous acid reagent are outlined and tested for the nitrosation of 2-pyrrolidinone as a model substrate. The infra-red carbonyl bands of N-(N'-acetylglycyl)glycine are unambiguously assigned, via the synthesis and investigation of labelled compounds. Investigation of the nitrosation of N-(N'-acetylglycyl)glycine by nitrous acid in deuterium chloride is reported. This includes the measurement of reaction rates by FTIR and the identification of products by a combination of FTIR and mass spectroscopy. The kinetic results show that these reactions follow similar mechanisms to those found previously for amide nitrosation. The effect of peptide structure on reactivity towards N-nitrosation is also reported. It is shown that the most important factor influencing reactivity is the accessibility of the peptide N-atom to nitrosation. The development is described of an FTIR method to measure the formation of diazopeptides. Kinetic studies are reported for the formation of N-(2-diazoacetyl)glycine by the reaction of N-glycylglycine with 2-ethoxyethyl nitrite in aqueous buffers at pH 7.5-11 and 25°C, The results are discussed in terms of possible mechanisms of diazopeptide formation. The effect of structure on diazopeptide reactivity towards diazotisation is also briefly examined and reported.
The Interplay Between Tau Accumulation and Self-Reported Insomnia and Sleep-Disordered Breathing Along the Trajectory of Alzheimer’s Disease
Creators: name: Ahmadi, Reihaneh
name: Elberse, Jorik Daniel
name: GENON, Sarah
name: Gamer, M.
name: Hoffstaedter, Felix
name: Eickhoff, Simon
name: Mander, B.
name: Maleki Balajoo, Somayeh
name: Tahmasian, Masoud
Publisher: name: Forschungzentrum Jülich
Year: 2024

description: 27th Conference of the European Sleep Research Society, Seville, Spain, 24 Sep 2024 - 27 Sep 2024
title: Radiologist contribution in the management of Pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect
Creators: name: Hkaiem, Amir
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Pathology
subject: Congenital
subject: eLearning
subject: Echocardiography
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Pulmonary vessels
subject: Paediatric
subject: Cardiovascular system

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: -Review of the main morphological anomalies seen in Pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect.-Describe the Barbero-Marcial’s classification-How CT is useful for assessment and...
title: Social Organisation in the Malaysian Peacock Pheasant
Creators: name: McGowan, Philip James Kevin
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1992

description: This thesis reports a study of the behaviour and morphology of the Malaysian peacock pheasant Polyplectron malacense, an inhabitant of lowland rain forest in Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 21 months was spent in the field and museum collections were visited.

 Micro-habitat analysis, radio-tracking and contextual analysis of calling behaviour and call playback experiments were used to collect data on the species in the wild.

 Periods of calling arid display scrape maintenance were infrequent and unpredictable. Not all of the available micro-habitats within the primary forest were used by the birds as some areas were consistently avoided. Within calling periods males used particular micro-habitats to call and maintain display scrapes. Three different call types were heard. There were differences between calling periods in the number of birds calling, the types of calls given and the overall amount of calling. The number of display scrapes maintained also differed. Based on contextual observations, call playback experiments were conducted and stimulus tapes elicited responses and permitted investigation of call function.

 There are several morphological features of the male which seem likely to be subject to sexual selection. Males appear to possess several sexually-selected traits which show considerable variability among individuals. Several male morphological characters have evolved in. association with particular epigamic display elements, suggesting that they are potentially under selection through female choice.

 These results suggest that a female is presented with variation among males in several different ornamental traits. A qualitative model, based on food availability, is proposed to explain variation in calling and scrape maintenance among males. It is argued that opportunities for males to display to females may be very rare and that this may explain the evolution of the male's plumage and display. Females lay a single-egg clutch and hence only one male can fertilise a clutch, with the result that competition between males for paternity is likely to be very strong.
Foreground cleaning and template-free stochastic background extraction for LISA
Creators: name: Pieroni, Mauro
name: Barausse, Enrico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the rate of resolved stellar origin black hole and neutron star mergers measured by LIGO and Virgo, it is expected that these detectors will also observe an unresolved Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background (SGWB) by the time they reach design sensitivity. Since the same binaries observed by LIGO and Virgo pass through the LISA mHz frequency band at an earlier stage of their orbital evolution,it is foreseen that their SGWB will also be observable by LISA with Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) $\sim 53$. Unlike the stochastic signal from Galactic white dwarf binaries, for which a subtraction is expected to be possible by exploiting its yearly modulation (induced by the motion of the LISA constellation), the background from unresolved stellar origin black hole and neutron star binaries acts as a foreground for other stochastic signals of cosmological or astrophysical origin, which may also be present in the LISA band. Here, we employ a principal component analysis to model and extract an additional hypothetical SGWB in the LISA band, without making any a priori assumptions on its spectral shape. At the same time, we account for the presence of the foreground from stellar origin black holes and neutron stars, as well as for possible uncertainties in the LISA noise calibration. We find that our technique leads to a linear problem and is therefore suitable for fast and reliable extraction of SGWBs with SNR up to ten times weaker than the LIGO/Virgo foreground, quite independently of their spectral shape.
description: Matches published version and incorporates minor changes to be published as erratum. 18 pages, 4 figures, 2 appendixes
Saturation and shadowing in high-energy proton-nucleus dilepton production
Creators: name: Baier, R.
name: Mueller, A. H.
name: Schiff, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the inclusive dilepton cross section for proton (quark)-nucleus collisions at high energies in the very forward rapidity region. Starting from the calculation in the quasi-classical approximation, we include low-x evolution effects in the nucleus and predict leading twist shadowing together with anomalous scaling behaviour.
description: 32 pages, LaTex, 6 figures, a few modifications of the text
title: The Creation of Lymescroft School: An Ethnographic Study of Some Aspects of a School Merger
Creators: name: Draper, Joan
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1992

description: The creation of a new school through the amalgamation of three smaller schools is an imposed change which has an impact upon everyone involved. This ethnographic study of the new 'Lymescroft School’ was carried out by a practising teacher who had taught for many years at one of the merged schools. After presenting an outline of various theories regarding the nature of change and the important concept of 'status passage', the role of teacher-researcher is explored. The main ethnographic work of the thesis consists of the descriptive analyses of a number of discrete status passages and transitional experiences with in the informal culture of the school, undergone by four sets of participants - Fifth Year pupils, Fourth Year pupils, a group of teachers, and two small groups of ancillary staff. All went through multiple formal and informal status passages, many of which involved sex and gender issues, particularly where participants moved from a single-sex to a mixed school. The social interaction which took place within this context is broadly examined, and found to comprise a number of temporally linear transitional stages. A comparative analysis of the data reveals that these stages were structurally similar, and comparable to patterns of change in other areas of society. A substantive theory of transition is formulated, which has wider implications for the formal theory of change. This in turn informs policy with regard to any future similar transitions.
Measurement of quark- and gluon-like jet fractions using jet charge in PbPb and pp collisions at 5.02 TeV
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The momentum-weighted sum of the electric charges of particles inside a jet, known as jet charge, is sensitive to the electric charge of the particle initiating the parton shower. This paper presents jet charge distributions in $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}} =$ 5.02 TeV lead-lead (PbPb) and proton-proton (pp) collisions recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC. These data correspond to integrated luminosities of 404 $μ$b$^{-1}$ and 27.4 pb$^{-1}$ for PbPb and pp collisions, respectively. Leveraging the sensitivity of the jet charge to fundamental differences in the electric charges of quarks and gluons, the jet charge distributions from simulated events are used as templates to extract the quark- and gluon-like jet fractions from data. The modification of these jet fractions is examined by comparing pp and PbPb data as a function of the overlap of the colliding Pb nuclei (centrality). This measurement tests the color charge dependence of jet energy loss due to interactions with the quark-gluon plasma. No significant modification between different centrality classes and with respect to pp results is observed in the extracted fractions of quark- and gluon-like jet fractions.
description: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and the DOI. All the figures and tables, including additional supplementary figures, can be found at http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/HIN-18-018 (CMS Public Pages)
title: Exploring trophic dynamics and fish condition during autumn to understand the lack of recovery of groundfish in southern Newfoundland
Creators: name: Sokolowski, Monica A.
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04haebc03
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Following collapses in the 1990s, many Northwest Atlantic groundfish stocks have not recovered despite reduced fishing pressure. This leads to a key question in fisheries ecology today: Why do some stocks not recover? I address this question via analyses of condition, diet, and trophic dynamics of groundfish within Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization (NAFO) subdivision 3Ps. The first chapter introduces the research themes with seasonality highlighted and state of knowledge relevant to two subsequent research chapters. The second chapter uses diet and triple-stable isotope analysis (δ15N, δ13C, and δ34S) to quantify seasonal differences in southern Newfoundland Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) diets and condition. I report differences in both seasonal and ontogenetic patterns within this southern Newfoundland stock in condition, diet, and stable isotope values. Chapter 3 incorporates a multispecies approach using similar methods to chapter 2 alongside stable isotope mixing models to identify pre-winter trophic interactions within the southern Newfoundland groundfish community. Ontogenetic isotopic niche overlap among various species indicates potential size dependent competition among southern Newfoundland species during the autumn. This research provided pre-winter physiological condition of Atlantic cod and the trophic interactions among the groundfish community within the autumn in southern Newfoundland and supports seasonal variation among the trophic structure within southern Newfoundland that may help identify oceanographic change related productivity shifts within the ecosystem.
Berry phase in a composite system
Creators: name: Yi, X. X.
name: Wang, L. C.
name: Zheng, T. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Berry phase in a composite system with only one subsystem being driven has been studied in this Letter. We choose two spin-$\frac 1 2 $ systems with spin-spin couplings as the composite system, one of the subsystems is driven by a time-dependent magnetic field. We show how the Berry phases depend on the coupling between the two subsystems, and what is the relation between these Berry phases of the whole system and those of the subsystems.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures
Electric double layers with surface charge modulations: Novel exact Poisson-Boltzmann solutions
Creators: name: Samaj, L.
name: Trizac, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Poisson-Boltzmann theory is the cornerstone for soft matter electrostatics. We provide novel exact analytical solutions to this non-linear mean-field approach, for the diffuse layer of ions in the vicinity of a planar or a cylindrical macroion. While previously known solution are for homogeneously charged objects, the cases worked out exhibit a modulated surface charge --or equivalently surface potential-- on the macroion (wall) surface. In addition to asymptotic features at large distances from the wall, attention is paid to the fate of the contact theorem, relating the contact density of ions to the local wall charge density. For salt-free systems (counterions only), we make use of results pertaining to the two-dimensional Liouville equation, supplemented by an inverse approach. When salt is present, we invoke the exact two-soliton solution to the 2D sinh-Gordon equation. This leads to inhomogeneous charge patterns, that are either localized or periodic in space. Without salt, the electrostatic signature of a charge pattern on the macroion fades exponentially with distance for a planar macroion, while it decays as an inverse power-law for a cylindrical macroion. With salt, our study is limited to the planar geometry, and reveals that pattern screening is exponential.
title: Reproductive isolation in smooth and palmate newts (Triturus vulgaris vulgaris and T. helveticus helveticus)
Creators: name: Roberts, Julie Marie
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1990

description: This thesis reports a study of reproductive isolation between two closely related sympatric British species of amphibian, the Smooth newt, Triturus vulgaris vulgaris and the Palmate newt, T, helveticus helveticus. Investigation shows that reproductive isolation is not attributable to differences in habitat, the timing of courtship or the failure of spermatophores to adhere to the cloaca of a heterospecific female and it is demonstrated that a proportion of FI hybrid larvae are capable of survival beyond metamorphosis; by elimination, the lack of naturally occurring hybrids is primarily a consequence of sexual isolation. Techniques for distinguishing both purebred and hybrid larvae and adult newts of both sexes and species based on differences in their external morphology are evaluated. The most suitable distinguishing characters (on which visual discrimination in newts may be based) are described. The variation in the courtship behaviour of T. h. helveticus is described in detail and compared to that of T. v, vulgaris. The similarity in form and transition of male acts suggests that qualitative differences in display and order of acts are not the primary source of information on which female discrimination is based. Quantitative differences in the proportion of acts performed probably serve to emphasise species-specific cues which play a direct role in sexual isolation. À causal analysis is carried out on a relatively recently recognised I. h. helveticus display act, the wiggle. Evidence is presented that the function of this act is to re- attract a female that is becoming unreceptive and it does not appear to contribute to reproductive isolation. Interspecific mating trials show that female J. h. helveticus are less receptive to heterospecific courtship than conspecific courtship. Male T. V. vulgaris display less vigorously to heterospecific females manipulated by means of a harness to perform positive behaviour than to conspecific females. It is demonstrated that male T. h. helveticus show selectivity towards conspecific females over heterospecific females on the basis of both visual and olfactory cues alone, whereas in male T. v. vulgaris and female T. v, vulgaris, the same preference is only observed on the basis of olfaction. When presented with an artificial fanning tail mimic, females of both species preferred the faster (T. h. helveticus) fan speed. It is suggested that sexual isolation is the consequence of a dual system in which males fail to recognise, or are less receptive to the olfactory and/or visual cues produced by heterospecific females and consequently do not initiate courtship with them. Where interspecific courtship does occur, the stimulation produced by the male is inadequate to raise the receptivity of the female at a high enough rate for the encounter to progress to spermatophore transfer.
title: MRI findings associated with the risk of severe postpartum hemorrhage in patients with placenta accreta spectrum
Creators: name: Vyshedkevich, Elena
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Obstetrics
subject: Haemorrhage
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: MR
subject: Obstetrics (Pregnancy / birth / postnatal period)
subject: Genital / Reproductive system female
subject: Foetal imaging

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: The goal of the study was to determine the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings associated with a high risk of severe (>1000 mL) postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) in patients with placenta accreta spectrum...
THE REGIONAL RAIL REORGANIZATION ACT OF 1973
Creators: name: Wills, Walter J.
name: Wills, Walter J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1974
Subjects: Public Economics

description: The Regional Rail Reorganization Act of 1973 if implemented as now planned will make many changes in approaches to rural development. Agricultural economists throughout the U.S. should be aware of the challenges the approach used presents to s01,1nddecision making. It is suggested the AAEA take the leadership in organizing a national task force to develop guidelines for a national transportation policy.
Classical Liouville Theory and the Microscopic Interpretation of Black Hole Entropy
Creators: name: Giacomini, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we will give a general introduction to the role of conformal symmetry in the microscopic interpretation of black hole entropy and then compute the entropy of a Schwarzschild black hole by finding a classical central charge of the Virasoro algebra of a Liouville theory and using the Cardy formula.
description: To appear on the proceedings of the 5.International Conference on Symmetry in Nonlinear Mathematical Physics (Kyiv, Ukraine 23.-29.6.2003)
title: Hybrid procedure for aortic aneurysms: pre- and postoperative imaging evaluation
Creators: name: Pidvalna, Uliana
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Grafts
subject: Dissection
subject: Aneurysms
subject: Technical aspects
subject: Surgery
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: CT-High Resolution
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Vascular
subject: Cardiovascular system
subject: Arteries / Aorta

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To review the indications for hybrid treatment of the chronic type B aortic dissection with aneurysm formation. To demonstrate the benefits of CT images when selecting treatment options for the thoracic aorta. To demonstrate diagnostic advantages of...
title: Peptide Deamination
Creators: name: Carman, Neill Hugh
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1992

description: The nitrosation of the terminal amino group of peptides and amino acids, the synthesis and properties of diazoamino adds and diazopeptides and their decomposition products, particularly products resulting from intramolecular cyclisations are reviewed and discussed in relation to human cancer. The reactivity of N-(1'-methoxycarbonyl-2'-phenyl)ethyloxetan-2-one-4-carboxamide (1) formed from the deamination of L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester (aspartame) is examined from a mechanistic stand-point to determine its potential as an alkylating agent in-vivo. The stability of (1) in aqueous solution is investigated. Three hydrolysis mechanisms are observed for the β-lactone ring at differing pH values. Below pH2 the AAC2 mechanism dominates and above pH7 the BAC2 mechanisin is observed. In the physiological pH range (2-7) hydrolysis is independent of pH occuring via the BA12 mechanism and (1) has a half life of 13.5h at 37°C.

 The reactivity of (1) to nucleophiles other than water is studied Alkylation and acylation are both observed depending upon the nucleophile used Attempts to rationalise this dual reactivity which is also observed for β-butyrolactone and β-propiolactone, two known carcinogens, are made. The implications of the nitrosation of aspartame in vivo are discussed briefly.

 The formation of cyclic products from the nitrosation of asparagine and glutamine derivatives is described. In aqueous solution intra-molecular cyclisation is observed, occurring on the carboxamide O-atom. The synthesis of new diazocompounds derived from glutamine, asparagine and glutaminyl and asparaginyl dipeptides are described. The stabilities of these compounds in aqueous media are examined and they are found to decompose via an A-SE2 pathway. Further, they are decomposed thermally in an organic solvent and the formation of a variety of cyclic products is observed. Mechanisms are proposed. Intramolecular cyclisation on the carboxamide side chain N-atom is not observed. The possible implications of the nitrosation of asparaginyl and glutaminyl compounds are briefly discussed.
title: Implementation of the updated Bosniak cyst classification: analysis and failures in reporting.
Creators: name: Balaji, Nikita
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cysts
subject: Structured reporting
subject: Audit and standards
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Retroperitoneum
subject: Kidney
subject: Abdomen

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Background The accurate diagnosis of renal cystic masses directly guides treatment, with higher classifications being the discriminator for surgical resection over conservative management. However, the degree of subjectiveness and inter-reader...
Intermediate Element Abundances in Galaxy Clusters
Creators: name: Baumgartner, W. H.
name: Loewenstein, M.
name: Horner, D. J.
name: Mushotzky, R. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the average abundances of the intermediate elements obtained by performing a stacked analysis of all the galaxy clusters in the archive of the X-ray telescope ASCA. We determine the abundances of Fe, Si, S, and Ni as a function of cluster temperature (mass) from 1--10 keV, and place strong upper limits on the abundances of Ca and Ar. In general, Si and Ni are overabundant with respect to Fe, while Ar and Ca are very underabundant. The discrepancy between the abundances of Si, S, Ar, and Ca indicate that the alpha-elements do not behave homogeneously as a single group. We show that the abundances of the most well-determined elements Fe, Si, and S in conjunction with recent theoretical supernovae yields do not give a consistent solution for the fraction of material produced by Type Ia and Type II supernovae at any temperature or mass. The general trend is for higher temperature clusters to have more of their metals produced in Type II supernovae than in Type Ias. The inconsistency of our results with abundances in the Milky Way indicate that spiral galaxies are not the dominant metal contributors to the intracluster medium (ICM). The pattern of elemental abundances requires an additional source of metals beyond standard SNIa and SNII enrichment. The properties of this new source are well matched to those of Type II supernovae with very massive, metal-poor progenitor stars. These results are consistent with a significant fraction of the ICM metals produced by an early generation of population III stars.
description: 18 pages, 11 figures, 7 tables. Submitted to ApJ
Erosion driven size-redistribution of protoplanetary disk solids and the onset of streaming Instability and Pebble Accretion
Creators: name: Grishin, Evgeni
name: Rozner, Mor
name: Perets, Hagai B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formation of the first planetesimals and the final growth of planetary cores relies on the abundance of small pebbles. The efficiencies of both the streaming instability (SI) process, suggested to catalyze the early growth of planetesimals, and the pebble-accretion process, suggested to accelerate the growth of planetary cores, depend on the sizes of solids residing in the disk. In particular, these processes were found to be sensitive to size distribution of solids, and efficient planetesimal formation and growth through these channels require a limited pebble size distribution. Here we show that aeolian erosion, a process that efficiently grinds down boulders into a mono-sized distribution of pebbles, provides a natural upper limit for the maximal pebble sizes (in terms of their Stokes number). We find the dependence of this upper limit on the radial separation, disk age, turbulence strength, and the grain-size composition of the boulders in the disk. SI is favorable in areas with a Stokes number less than 0.1, which is found in the inner sub-astronomical-unit regions of the disk. This upper limit shapes the size distribution of small pebbles and thereby catalyzes the early onset of planetesimal formation due to SI, and the later core accretion growth through pebble accretion.
description: Published in ApJL
title: The inguinal and femoral hernias - standard ultrasound procedure
Creators: name: Antunes, Francisco
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Hernia
subject: Education
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Soft tissues / Skin
subject: Abdomen

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: A hernia is commonly defined in the literature as a protrusion of a structure through the wall that contains it. Hernias of the anterior abdominal wall are normally found in the inguinal area, where most are either direct or indirect inguinal...
Nonequilibrium dynamics and magnetoviscosity of moderately concentrated magnetic liquids: A dynamic mean--field study
Creators: name: Ilg, Patrick
name: Hess, Siegfried
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A mean-field Fokker-Planck equation approach to the dynamics of ferrofluids in the presence of a magnetic field and velocity gradients is proposed that incorporates magnetic dipole-dipole interactions of the colloidal particles. The model allows to study the combined effect of a magnetic field and dipolar interactions on the viscosity of the ferrofluid. It is found that dipolar interactions lead to additional non-Newtonian contributions to the stress tensor, which modify the behavior of the non-interacting system. The predictions of the present model are in qualitative agreement with experimental results, such as presence of normal stress differences, enhancement and different anisotropy of magnetoviscous effect and the dependence of the viscosity on the hydrodynamic volume fraction. A quantitative comparison of the concentration dependence of the magnetoviscosity shows good agreement with experimental results for low concentrations.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures
Investigating the State of Walkability in Metro Vancouver : Implications for Policymakers
Creators: name: Hamre, Stuart
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2020

description: Scientific evidence increasingly suggests that in addition to reducing environmental impacts such as greenhouse gas emissions, the health impacts of utilizing active and sustainable transportation methods such as walking, biking, and transit are substantial. In environments where people are given the opportunity to utilize active and sustainable modes of transportation, populations tend to have better physical health. Obesogenic environments characterized by an auto-centric design where people do not have these same active lifestyle opportunities are generally correlated with poorer physical health. For this reason, it is widely understood that by providing citizens with access to active and sustainable transportation options, municipalities can expect healthier and more active populations.
Transverse spin in PHENIX
Creators: name: Bok, Jeongsu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: aum18
phenix
spin
transverse spin asymmetry
p+p
mid-rapidity
forward-rapidity
π0
η
J/Ψ
d-meson
neutron
hadron
muon
p+al
p+au
heavy flavor

description: Talk presented at the RHIC/AGS Annual Users Meeting 2018, Spin and forward physics workshop
title: Small fatigue crack growth in high strength aluminium alloys
Creators: name: Zhang, Yan Hui
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1992

description: This work presents an investigation of small fatigue crack growth behaviour in high strength aluminium alloys. Variation in slip distribution in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys caused by the addition of different volume fractions of dispersoids, was not found to noticeably affect small fatigue crack growth rates. Small fatigue cracks grew more rapidly than long fatigue cracks under the same nominal AK and exhibited the familiar growth pattern of deceleration and acceleration. The selected area electron channelling pattern (SAECP) method was used to measure the plastic zone size (PZS) and shape of small fatigue cracks. A novel experiment enabling PZS measurements on growing small fatigue cracks was developed to investigate the development of plastic zone size and shape with crack growth and the relation between PZS and small crack growth rates. It was revealed that small crack growth was accompanied by relatively large plastic zone sizes, with the ratio of plastic zone size to half crack length ranging from 0.8 to 0.2 and that small crack growth rates were proportional to their plastic zone sizes. It was observed that small fatigue cracks began to decelerate when their relatively large plastic zones, not their crack tips, were blocked by grain boundaries. Both plastic zone size and shape were found to be dependent on crack length and growth morphology. Naturally initiated fatigue cracks were predominantly crystallographic in nature and were accompanied by a relatively long, slender plastic zone shape. However, during subsequent growth over 1-2 grain diameters this shape evolved, firstly to a semicircular shape, and finally to the lobed configuration typically found associated with long cracks. The plastic deformation associated with small cracks was characterized by the introduction of a variable friction stress into the ECS dislocation model and the calculated PZS was used to correlate small crack growth. Crack deceleration was described by blocked PZS and the recovery of the growth was expressed by the necessity of a stress concentration within the plastic zone to overcome the grain boundary barrier to operate a dislocation source in the next grain. The prediction was compared with the experimental results and showed good agreement.
title: Radiological visualization of complications after surgical treatment of bladder exstrophy
Creators: name: Palamar, Alona
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Neoplasia
subject: Education and training
subject: Congenital
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Urinary Tract / Bladder
subject: Colon

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: The aim is to show the consequences of a congenital anomaly of man`s urinary bladder exstrophy and woman`s exstrophy with epispadias after surgical treatment in early childhood and today`s...
Differential equations and conformal structures
Creators: name: Nurowski, Pawel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide five examples of conformal geometries which are naturally associated with ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The first example describes a one-to-one correspondence between the Wuenschmann class of 3rd order ODEs considered modulo contact transformations of variables and (local) 3-dimensional conformal Lorentzian geometries. The second example shows that every point equivalent class of 3rd order ODEs satisfying the Wuenschmann and the Cartan conditions define a 3-dimensional Lorentzian Einstein-Weyl geometry. The third example associates to each point equivalence class of 3rd order ODEs a 6-dimensional conformal geometry of neutral signature. The fourth example exhibits the one-to-one correspondence between point equivalent classes of 2nd order ODEs and 4-dimensional conformal Fefferman-like metrics of neutral signature. The fifth example shows the correspondence between undetermined ODEs of the Monge type and conformal geometries of signature $(3,2)$. The Cartan normal conformal connection for these geometries is reducible to the Cartan connection with values in the Lie algebra of the noncompact form of the exceptional group $G_2$. All the examples are deeply rooted in Elie Cartan's works on exterior differential systems.
description: Some typos in formulae concerning (3,2)-signature conformal metrics of Section 5.3 were corrected
title: Breast cancer staging: a radiologist must-know guide
Creators: name: Altamirano S. , Aleen Vanessa
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cancer
subject: Education
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Ultrasound
subject: MR
subject: Mammography
subject: Breast

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To review the aspects of The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system for breast cancerTo recognize the imaging features that impact on the stage of...
Arrays of Cooper Pair Boxes Coupled to a Superconducting Reservoir: `Superradiance' and `Revival.'
Creators: name: Rodrigues, D. A.
name: Gyorffy, B. L.
name: Spiller, T. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider an array of Cooper Pair Boxes, each of which is coupled to a superconducting reservoir by a capacitive tunnel junction. We discuss two effects that probe not just the quantum nature of the islands, but also of the superconducting reservoir coupled to them. These are analogues to the well-known quantum optical effects `superradiance,' and `revival.' When revival is extended to multiple systems, we find that `entanglement revival' can also be observed. In order to study the above effects, we utilise a highly simplified model for these systems in which all the single-electron energy eigenvalues are set to be the same (the strong coupling limit), as are the charging energies of the Cooper Pair Boxes, allowing the whole system to be represented by two large coupled quantum spins. Although this simplification is drastic, the model retains the main features necessary to capture the phenomena of interest. Given the progress in superconducting box experiments over recent years, it is possible that experiments to investigate both of these interesting quantum coherent phenomena could be performed in the forseeable future.
description: 23 pages, 5 figures Clarifications made as recommended by referee
Regular Antilattices
Creators: name: Cvetko-Vah, Karin
name: Kinyon, Michael
name: Leech, Jonathan
name: Pisanski, Tomaž
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 06B75, 05A15, 05A17, 03G10, 11P99

description: Antilattices $(S;\lor, \land)$ for which the Green's equivalences $\mathcal L_{(\lor)}$, $\mathcal R_{(\lor)}$, $\mathcal L_{(\land)}$ and $\mathcal R_{(\land)}$ are all congruences of the entire antilattice are studied and enumerated.
Nonadiabatic effects in the dynamics of atoms confined in a cylindric time-orbiting-potential magnetic trap
Creators: name: Franzosi, Roberto
name: Spinelli, Andrea
name: Zambon, Bruno
name: Arimondo, Ennio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a time-orbiting-potential magnetic trap the neutral atoms are confined by means of an inhomogeneous magnetic field superimposed to an uniform rotating one. We perform an analytic study of the atomic motion by taking into account the nonadiabatic effects arising from the spin dynamics about the local magnetic field. Geometric-like magnetic-fields determined by the Berry's phase appear within the quantum description. The application of a variational procedure on the original quantum equation leads to a set of dynamical evolution equations for the quantum average value of the position operator and of the spin variables. Within this approximation we derive the quantum-mechanical ground state configuration matching the classical adiabatic solution and perform some numerical simulations.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
title: Participation in the Development of UK Regulatory Policy for Pesticides
Creators: name: Russell, Fiona Jane
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1992

description: This thesis explores possible constraints on effective participation and the scope of alternatives considered by central policy makers, in a debate on the content of regulations to control pesticides. These aspects of the policy process were examined in a case study of the Food and Environment Protection Act (1985) and the Control of Pesticides Regulations (1986). Four issues affecting manufacture, marketing and use were examined in each of three chronological phases: pre-parliamentary, parliamentary and administrative. Interview data, interest group responses to two Government consultative documents and Hansard material were analysed. Key constraining factors framing the current debate were seen to encompass "situational" factors, which were historical (existing structures, past debates and views of long-standing central participants in the control system) or current (present procedures, time available and views of newer central participants), substantive or procedural. The operation and effects of such framing in the contemporary debate on the chosen issues are discussed.
title: Diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography for breast lesions
Creators: name: Pesapane, Filippo
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cancer
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Mammography
subject: Breast

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Although two meta-analyses and one systematic review on contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) have already been published, over the years the CESM technology kept improving and several new studies on CESM appeared in the literature,...