cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Topological multicritical point in the Toric Code and 3D gauge Higgs Models
Creators: name: Tupitsyn, I. S.
name: Kitaev, A.
name: Prokof'ev, N. V.
name: Stamp, P. C. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a new type of multicritical point that arises from competition between the Higgs and confinement transitions in a Z_2 gauge system. The phase diagram of the 3d gauge Higgs model has been obtained by Monte-Carlo simulation on large (up to 60^3) lattices. We find the transition lines continue as 2nd-order until merging into a 1st-order line. These findings pose the question of an effective field theory for a multicritical point involving noncommuting order parameters. A similar phase diagram is predicted for the 2-dimensional quantum toric code model with two external fields, h_z and h_x; this problem can be mapped onto an anisotropic 3D gauge Higgs model.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Geometry of a Centrosymmetric Electric Charge
Creators: name: Khlestkov, Yu. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The gravitational description given for an electric on the basis of exact solution of the Einstein-Maxwell equations eliminates Coulomb divergence. The internal pulsating semiconfined world formed by neutral dust is smoothly joined with parallel Reissner-Nordstrem vacuum worlds via two static bottlenecks. The charge, rest mass, and electric field are expressed in terms of the space curvatures. The internal and external parameters of the maximon, electron, and the universe form a power series.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures, 1 table
Effect of Charged Scalar Loops on Photonic Decays of a Fermiophobic Higgs
Creators: name: Akeroyd, A. G.
name: Diaz, Marco A.
name: Rivera, Maximiliano A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Higgs bosons with very suppressed couplings to fermions ("Fermiophobic Higgs bosons", h_f) can decay to two photons (γγ) with a branching ratio significantly larger than that expected for the Standard Model Higgs boson for m_{h_f}<150 GeV. Such a particle would give a clear signal at the LHC and can arise in the Two Higgs Doublet Model (type I) in which h_f -> γγis mediated by W^+ and charged Higgs boson (H^+) loops. We show that the H^+ loops can cause both constructive and destructive contributions with a magnitude considerably larger than the anticipated precision in the measurement of the photonic decay channel at future hadron and lepton colliders.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures, clarifications added, one reference added, accepted by Physical Review D
Scientific citations in Wikipedia
Creators: name: Nielsen, Finn Aarup
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.3.7; H.3.5; H.3.1

description: The Internet-based encyclopaedia Wikipedia has grown to become one of the most visited web-sites on the Internet. However, critics have questioned the quality of entries, and an empirical study has shown Wikipedia to contain errors in a 2005 sample of science entries. Biased coverage and lack of sources are among the "Wikipedia risks". The present work describes a simple assessment of these aspects by examining the outbound links from Wikipedia articles to articles in scientific journals with a comparison against journal statistics from Journal Citation Reports such as impact factors. The results show an increasing use of structured citation markup and good agreement with the citation pattern seen in the scientific literature though with a slight tendency to cite articles in high-impact journals such as Nature and Science. These results increase confidence in Wikipedia as an good information organizer for science in general.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
Wave-breaking and generic singularities of nonlinear hyperbolic equations
Creators: name: Pomeau, Y.
name: Berre, M. Le
name: Guyenne, P.
name: Grilli, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Wave-breaking is studied analytically first and the results are compared with accurate numerical simulations of 3D wave-breaking. We focus on the time dependence of various quantities becoming singular at the onset of breaking. The power laws derived from general arguments and the singular behavior of solutions of nonlinear hyperbolic differential equations are in excellent agreement with the numerical results. This shows the power of the analysis by methods using generic concepts of nonlinear science.
Determination of the body force of a two-dimensional isotropic elastic body
Creators: name: Trong, Dang Duc
name: Dinh, Alain Pham Ngoc
name: Nam, Phan Thanh
name: Tuyen, Truong Trung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35L20, 35R30, 42B10, 70F07, 74B05

description: Let $Ω$ represent a two$-$dimensional isotropic elastic body. We consider the problem of determining the body force $F$ whose form $ϕ(t)(f_1(x),f_2(x))$ with $ϕ$ be given inexactly. The problem is nonlinear and ill-posed. Using the Fourier transform, the methods of Tikhonov's regularization and truncated integration, we construct a regularized solution from the data given inexactly and derive the explicitly error estimate. Numerical part is given
description: 23 pages
Predicting Solar Flares by Data Assimilation in Avalanche Models. I. Model Design and Validation
Creators: name: Bélanger, Eric
name: Vincent, Alain
name: Charbonneau, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Data assimilation techniques, developed in the last two decades mainly for weather prediction, produce better forecasts by taking advantage of both theoretical/numerical models and real-time observations. In this paper, we explore the possibility of applying the data-assimilation techniques known as 4D-VAR to the prediction of solar flares. We do so in the context of a continuous version of the classical cellular-automaton-based self-organized critical avalanche models of solar flares introduced by Lu and Hamilton (Astrophys. J., 380, L89, 1991). Such models, although a priori far removed from the physics of magnetic reconnection and magneto-hydrodynamical evolution of coronal structures, nonetheless reproduce quite well the observed statistical distribution of flare characteristics. We report here on a large set of data assimilation runs on synthetic energy release time series. Our results indicate that, despite the unpredictable (and unobservable) stochastic nature of the driving/triggering mechanism within the avalanche model, 4D-VAR succeeds in producing optimal initial conditions that reproduce adequately the time series of energy released by avalanches/flares. This is an essential first step towards forecasting real flares.
description: 26 pages, 8 figures. Accepted in Solar Physics
The "Top Priority" at the LHC
Creators: name: Han, Tao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The LHC will be a top-quark factory. With 80 million pairs of top quarks and an additional 34 million single tops produced annually at the designed high luminosity, the properties of this particle will be studied to a great accuracy. The fact that the top quark is the heaviest elementary particle in the Standard Model with a mass right at the electroweak scale makes it tempting to contemplate its role in electroweak symmetry breaking, as well as its potential as a window to unknown new physics at the TeV scale. We summarize the expectations for top-quark physics at the LHC, and outline new physics scenarios in which the top quark is crucially involved.
description: 25 pages. 9 figures, 5 tables. Contributed chapter to the book of "Perspectives on the LHC", edited by G. Kane and A. Pierce
Feature-weighted Stacking for Nonseasonal Time Series Forecasts: A Case Study of the COVID-19 Epidemic Curves
Creators: name: Cawood, Pieter
name: van Zyl, Terence L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We investigate ensembling techniques in forecasting and examine their potential for use in nonseasonal time-series similar to those in the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic. Developing improved forecast methods is essential as they provide data-driven decisions to organisations and decision-makers during critical phases. We propose using late data fusion, using a stacked ensemble of two forecasting models and two meta-features that prove their predictive power during a preliminary forecasting stage. The final ensembles include a Prophet and long short term memory (LSTM) neural network as base models. The base models are combined by a multilayer perceptron (MLP), taking into account meta-features that indicate the highest correlation with each base model's forecast accuracy. We further show that the inclusion of meta-features generally improves the ensemble's forecast accuracy across two forecast horizons of seven and fourteen days. This research reinforces previous work and demonstrates the value of combining traditional statistical models with deep learning models to produce more accurate forecast models for time-series from different domains and seasonality.
Substitutional dynamical systems, Bratteli diagrams and dimension groups
Creators: name: Durand, Fabien
name: Host, Bernard
name: Skau, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46L55

description: The present paper explores substitution minimal systems and their relation to stationary Bratteli diagrams and stationary dimension groups. The constructions involved are algorithmic and explicit, and render an effective method to compute an invariant of (ordered) $K$-theoretic nature for these systems. This new invariant is independent of spectral invariants which have previously been extensively studied. Before we state the main results we give some background.
The small impact of various partial charge distributions in ground and excited state on the computational Stokes shift of 1-methyl-6-oxyquinolinium betaine in diverse water models
Creators: name: Heid, Esther
name: Harringer, Sophia
name: Schröder, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The influence of the partial charge distribution obtained from quantum mechanics of the solute 1-methyl-6-oxyquinolinium betaine in the ground- and first excited state on the time-dependent Stokes shift is studied via molecular dynamics computer simulation. Furthermore, the effect of the employed solvent model - here the non-polarizable SPC, TIP4P and TIP4P/2005 and the polarizable SWM4 water model - on the solvation dynamics of the system is investigated. The use of different functionals and calculation methods influences the partial charge distribution and the magnitude of the dipole moment of the solute, but not the orientation of the dipole moment. Simulations based on the calculated charge distributions show nearly the same relaxation behavior. Approximating the whole solute molecule by a dipole results in the same relaxation behavior, but lower solvation energies, indicating that the time scale of the Stokes shift does not depend on peculiarities of the solute. However, the SPC and TIP4P water models show too fast dynamics which can be ascribed to a too large diffusion coefficient and too low viscosity. The calculated diffusion coefficient and viscosity for the SWM4 and TIP4P/2005 model coincide well with experimental values and the corresponding relaxation behavior is comparable to experimental values. Furthermore we found that for a quantitative description of the Stokes shift of the applied system at least two solvation shells around the solute have to be taken into account.
description: 11 pages
Method to measure neutron beam polarization with 2x1 Neutron Spin Filter
Creators: name: Masalovich, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A method to measure a beam polarization with the use of polarized 3He gas is discussed. It is shown that special design of the Neutron Spin Filter cell allows for a fast and accurate measurement. The accuracy of this method is analyzed.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Nucl. Instrum. Methods A on 02 January 2007
Supplementary material of the article: It's not only the sea: a history of human intervention in the beach-dune ecosystem of Costa da Caparica (Portugal)
Creators: name: Palma, Monique
name: Freitas, Joana Gaspar de
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Environmental History; Dunes Rehabilitation; Afforestation; Wetlands; Coastal Erosion.

description: This is a compilation of transcripts (in Portuguese) taken from different Portuguese newspapers, including the ones from the official newspaper of the Portuguese Government (Diário do Governo). The newspapers can be found in different archives, like the Historical Archive of the Municipality of Almada, in the Portuguese Nacional Library, ICNF Archive, José Neiva private archive, in the Archive of Economy and online: Diário do Governo digital archive: https://digigov.cepese.pt/pt/homepage Praia do Sol can be found in the Historical Archive of the Municipality of Almada: https://apps.cm-almada.pt/arquivohistorico/welcome
description: Supplementary material of the article with DOI 10.5894/rgci-n432 url: https://www.aprh.pt/rgci/rgci-n432.html
Low-order divergence-free approximations for the Stokes problem on Worsey-Farin and Powell-Sabin splits
Creators: name: Fabien, Maurice
name: Guzman, Johnny
name: Neilan, Michael
name: Zytoon, Ahmed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We derive low-order, inf-sup stable and divergence-free finite element approximations for the Stokes problem using Worsey-Farin splits in three dimensions and Powell-Sabin splits in two dimensions. The velocity space simply consists of continuous, piecewise linear polynomials, where as the pressure space is a subspace of piecewise constants with weak continuity properties at singular edges (3D) and singular vertices (2D). We discuss implementation aspects that arise when coding the pressure space, and in particular, show that the pressure constraints can be enforced at an algebraic level.
More variable quasars have stronger emission lines
Creators: name: Kang, Wen-Yong
name: Wang, Jun-Xian
name: Cai, Zhen-Yi
name: Ren, Wen-Ke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The UV/optical variation, likely driven by accretion disc turbulence, is a defining characteristic of type 1 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and quasars. In this work we investigate an interesting consequence of such turbulence using quasars in SDSS Stripe 82 for which the measurements of the UV/optical variability amplitude are available from $\sim$ 10 years long light curves. We discover positive correlations between UV/optical variability amplitude $σ_{rms}$ and equivalent widths of CIV, Mg II and [OIII]5007 emission lines. Such correlations remain statistically robust through partial correlation analyses, i.e., after controlling the effects of other variables including bolometric luminosity, central supermassive black hole mass, Eddington ratio and redshift. This, for the first time, indicates a causal link between disc turbulence and emission line production. We propose two potential underlying mechanisms both of which may be involved: 1) quasars with stronger disc turbulence have on average bluer/harder broadband SED, an expected effect of the disc thermal fluctuation model; 2) stronger disc turbulence could lead to launch of emission line regions with larger covering factors.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures, 5 tables, accepted by ApJ
Additional file 6: of Polymorphisms of HOMER1 gene are associated with piglet splay leg syndrome and one significant SNP can affect its intronic promoter activity in vitro
Creators: name: Xu, Sutong
name: Hao, Xingjie
name: Zhang, Min
name: Wang, Kai
name: Li, Shuaifeng
name: Chen, Xing
name: Yang, Liaohan
name: Hu, Lin
name: Zhang, Shujun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Transcription factors binding on the allele of rs325197091 predicted by JASPAR. A table of all the predicted transcription factorsâ names and target sequences binding on the wild or mutant allele of rs325197091. (DOCX 16 kb)
Yang-Lee and Fisher zeros generalized on some far-from-equilibrium systems
Creators: name: Sargsyan, K. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A generalization of the Yang-Lee and Fisher zeros on far-from-equilibrium systems coupled with two thermal baths is proposed. The Yang-Lee zeros were obtained for minimal models which exhibit complicated behavior in the context of the partition function zeros and provide an analitycal treatment. This type of models may be considered as a simplest one and analogous to Ising model for equilibrium. The obtained distributions of generalized Yang-Lee zeros show nontrivial behavior for these simple models.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures. Submited to Int. J. Phys. B
Additional file 1 of Chromatin-remodeling factor CHR721 with non-canonical PIP-box interacts with OsPCNA in Rice
Creators: name: Zhang, Yushun
name: Chen, Qiong
name: Zhu, Guanlin
name: Zhang, Dechun
name: Liang, Weihong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1 Subcellular localization and expression pattern analysis of OsPCNA in rice. (a) The GFP signal shows the localization of OsPCNA in rice protoplasts. (b) The mCherry signal shows the localization of CHR721 in rice protoplasts. (c) The image of the bright light under confocal. (d) Merge image of A, B, and C. (e) Expression pattern analysis of OsPCNA in different organs.Fig. S2 Interaction analyses of OsGEN1 and OsPCNA. (a) Schematic of PIP box of OsGEN1; (b)Interaction analyses of OsGEN1 and OsPCNA by Y2H assay. The co-transformed strains were spotted on SD-Leu/-Trp and SD-Ade/-Leu/-Trp/-His respectively. 1,10-1 and 10-2 represented the decreasing quantities of co-transformed strains spotted on SD media. OsPCNA-AD with pGBKT7 and pGADT7 with OsGEN1-BD are the negative controls.
Trattamento del melanoma coroideale con termoterapia transpupillare
Creators: name: Forte, Raimondo
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2008

description: Introduzione. Il melanoma maligno dell’uvea è la neoplasia primitiva intraoculare più frequente nell’età adulta. Rappresenta, infatti, circa il 90% dei tumori oculari.
Metodi. Valutazione retrospettiva degli effetti del trattamento conservativo con termoterapia transpupillare sul melanoma coroideale.
Risultati. Dopo un follow-up medio di 42 (3-66) mesi, abbiamo osservato una riduzione del diametro della lesione di 4.0 ± 0.6 mm (3.4-4.6mm), una riduzione dello spessore della lesione di 2.3 ± 0.3 mm (2-2.6mm), ed una riduzione del volume di 28.7 ± 71.5mm3 (p=0.001). La riduzione del volume non era correlata con la potenza del trattamento (Pearson’s rho=-0.17). In 14 casi è stato necessario eseguire un secondo trattamento con TTT. Un coinvolgimento maculare si è verificato in 44 casi. L’acuità visva media pre-TTT era di 0.3 (1.1-0) ETDRS logMar. Dopo il trattamento l’acuità visiva media risultava 0.4 (1.1-0) ETDRS logMar. Un miglioramento di acuità visiva si è osservato dopo trattamento in 5/44 (11.3%) casi, una riduzione in 12/44 (27.2%) casi, un quadro invariato in 34 (77.2%) casi. In 6/44 casi presentanti edema maculare e riduzione del visus abbiamo proceduto ad un’iniezione intravitreale di triamcinolone. A 6 mesi abbiamo osservato un tasso di miglioramento del 100%, che tuttavia si riduceva al 60% a 12 mesi.
Conclusioni. Il trattamento dei melanomi della coroide con termoterapia transpupillare assicura dei risultati visivi che sembrano equivalenti ai risultati ottenuti con la radioterapia. Considerando i casi riportati di necessità di ritrattamento la TTT andrebbe considerata come terapeutico adiuvante in associazione alla terapia radiante.
Additional file 2 of Chromatin-remodeling factor CHR721 with non-canonical PIP-box interacts with OsPCNA in Rice
Creators: name: Zhang, Yushun
name: Chen, Qiong
name: Zhu, Guanlin
name: Zhang, Dechun
name: Liang, Weihong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 2: Table S1: Primers used in this paper
Discontinuity and Involutions on Countable Sets
Creators: name: Kim, Sung Soo
name: Plewik, Szymon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Mathematics (math.GM)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 26A15

description: For any infinite subset $X$ of the rationals and a subset $F \subseteq X$ which has no isolated points in $X$ we construct a function $f: X \to X$ such that $f(f(x))=x$ for each $x\in X$ and $F $ is the set of discontinuity points of $f$.
description: The paper was published
On the analysis of signal peaks in pulse-height spectra
Creators: name: Rodgers, Cade
name: Iliadis, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The estimation of the signal location and intensity of a peak in a pulse height spectrum is important for x-ray and $γ$-ray spectroscopy, charged-particle spectrometry, liquid chromatography, and many other subfields. However, both the "centroid" and "signal intensity" of a peak in a pulse-height spectrum are ill-defined quantities and different methods of analysis will yield different numerical results. Here, we apply three methods of analysis. Method A is based on simple count summation and is likely the technique most frequently applied in practice. The analysis is straightforward and fast, and does not involve any statistical modeling. We find that it provides reliable results only for high signal-to-noise data, but has severe limitations in all other cases. Method B employs a Bayesian model to extract signal counts and centroid from the measured total and background counts. The resulting values are derived from the respective posteriors and, therefore, have a rigorous statistical meaning. The method makes no assumptions about the peak shape. It yields reliable and relatively small centroid uncertainties. However, it provides relatively large signal count uncertainties. Method C makes a strong assumption regarding the peak shape by fitting a Gaussian function to the data. The fit is based again on a Bayesian model. Although Method C requires careful consideration of the Gaussian width (usually given by the detector resolution) used in the fitting, it provides reliable values and relatively small uncertainties both for the signal counts and the centroid.
description: 32 pages, 8 figures, to be published in Nuclear Methods and Instruments A
Additional file 3 of Chromatin-remodeling factor CHR721 with non-canonical PIP-box interacts with OsPCNA in Rice
Creators: name: Zhang, Yushun
name: Chen, Qiong
name: Zhu, Guanlin
name: Zhang, Dechun
name: Liang, Weihong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 3: List of protein sequences used in the present study.
Critical magnetic field in AdS/CFT superconductor
Creators: name: Nakano, Eiji
name: Wen, Wen-Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied a holographically dual description of superconductor in (2+1)-dimensions in the presence of applied magnetic field, and observed that there exists a critical value of magnetic field, below which a charged condensate can form via a second order phase transition.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, REVTeX v4. Typos corrected and Fig.3 replaced
First order ferromagnetic phase transition in the low electronic density regime of a biased graphene bilayer
Creators: name: Stauber, T.
name: Castro, Eduardo V.
name: Silva, N. A. P.
name: Peres, N. M. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phase diagram of a biased graphene bilayer is computed and the existence of a ferromagnetic phase is discussed both in the critical on-site interaction $U_{c}$ versus doping density and versus temperature. We show that in the ferromagnetic phase the two planes have unequal magnetization and that the electronic density is hole like in one plane and electron like in the other. We give evidence for a \emph{first-order} phase transition between paramagnetic and ferromagnetic phases induced by doping at zero temperature.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures; detailed presentation of the calculations done in Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 186803 (2008)
Optimal quantization for the pricing of swing options
Creators: name: Bardou, Olivier Aj
name: Bouthemy, Sandrine
name: Pagès, Gilles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Pricing of Securities (q-fin.PR)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we investigate a numerical algorithm for the pricing of swing options, relying on the so-called optimal quantization method. The numerical procedure is described in details and numerous simulations are provided to assert its efficiency. In particular, we carry out a comparison with the Longstaff-Schwartz algorithm.
description: 27p
SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS IN ADO-EKITI METROPOLIS
Creators: name: Dr. ADENIJI OLAWALE ALADELOKUN
name: OLUWATOYIN MATTHEW AYITI
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Environment, Housing, Informal Settlement Socio-Economic.

description: Abstract

Background: Informal settlement in Ado - Ekiti metropolis based on available evidence is confirmed to be on the increase as a result of an upsurge in her population, which came up mostly through immigration. Basically, informal settlement is one of the numerous effects of development and urbanization. The unplanned and illegal settlement in the metropolis has now grown beyond reasonable limits, such that the consequential socio-economic and environmental effects have started to generate much concern. This issue is becoming complex by the day, hence, the call for urgent and decisive attention. Objectives: This study sought to unravel the mystery behind informal settlement in the metropolis, identify socio-economic and environmental challenges, as well as to suggest probable solutions to the identified challenges. Methodology: Both primary and secondary data were sourced and utilized for the study. The primary data was collected through a well-designed questionnaire which was later administered to 400 respondents randomly chosen across the study area. Descriptive statistical technique was employed in the analysis of the collected data. Results: It is established that informal settlement has grown tremendously and consequently developed serious socio-economic and environmental impacts in many stances. These among others include: drug and alcohol abuse, crime, rape, severe poverty, poor service delivery, inadequate sanitary facilities, poor housing qualities and development. Most of the challenges are, however, caused by unemployment, scarcity and high land values in the metropolis, etc. Conclusion: Government should regulate the cost of both land acquisition and building materials as well as encouraging individual intending house developers to obtain necessary documents through government urban planning officials as this will facilitate good housing scheme in the metropolis. Also, the establishment of an integrated rural development programme should be instituted. Unique contribution: This paper has been able to advance probably solutions to the attendant socioeconomic and environmental consequences of informal settlement in Ado-Ekiti metropolis with the view that urban planners will build upon to mitigate such effects. Key recommendation: Government should as a matter of urgency look into the issue of the spread of informal settlement in Ado-Ekiti metropolis.
Molecular Dysprosium Complexes for White-Light and Near-Infrared Emission Controlled by the Coordination Environment
Creators: name: Mara, Dimitrije
name: Artizzu, Flavia
name: Goura, Joydeb
name: Jayendran, Manjari
name: Bokic, Bojana
name: Kolaric, Branko
name: Verbiest, Thierry
name: Van Deun, Rik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A series of single-molecule dysprosium (Dy 3+) complexes consisting of b diketonate ligands, as water-containing complexes, and the auxiliary triphenylphosphine oxide (tppo)ligand as water free complexes were investigated as potential white light emitters. The coordination environment and choice of the ligands play an important role in the behavior of the yellow and blue emission of the Dy 3+ complexes based on the sensitization efficiency of the Dy 3+ ion by the ligands. By introducing the auxiliary tppo ligand in the complex, the relative intensity of the Dy 3+ emission increases due to a more efficient sensitization of the Dy 3+ ion.
Statics and dynamics of a cylindrical droplet under an external body force
Creators: name: Servantie, J.
name: Müller, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the rolling and sliding motion of droplets on a corrugated substrate by Molecular Dynamics simulations. Droplets are driven by an external body force (gravity) and we investigate the velocity profile and dissipation mechanisms in the steady state. The cylindrical geometry allows us to consider a large range of droplet sizes. The velocity of small droplets with a large contact angle is dominated by the friction at the substrate and the velocity of the center of mass scales like the square root of the droplet size. For large droplets or small contact angles, however, viscous dissipation of the flow inside the volume of the droplet dictates the center of mass velocity that scales linearly with the size. We derive a simple analytical description predicting the dependence of the center of mass velocity on droplet size and the slip length at the substrate. In the limit of vanishing droplet velocity we quantitatively compare our simulation results to the predictions and good agreement without adjustable parameters is found.
description: Submitted to the Journal of Chemical Physics
Dynamics-Driven Evolution to Structural Heterogeneity in Complex Networks
Creators: name: Shao, Zhen
name: Zhou, Haijun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mutual influence of dynamics and structure is a central issue in complex systems. In this paper we study by simulation slow evolution of network under the feedback of a local-majority-rule opinion process. If performance-enhancing local mutations have higher chances of getting integrated into its structure, the system can evolve into a highly heterogeneous small-world with a global hub (whose connectivity is proportional to the network size), strong local connection correlations and power law-like degree distribution. Networks with better dynamical performance are achieved if structural evolution occurs much slower than the network dynamics. Structural heterogeneity of many biological and social dynamical systems may also be driven by various dynamics-structure coupling mechanisms.
description: Figure 2 updated. Final version as appear in Physica A
Botcha: Detecting Malicious Non-Human Traffic in the Wild
Creators: name: Dhamnani, Sunny
name: Sinha, Ritwik
name: Vinay, Vishwa
name: Kumari, Lilly
name: Savova, Margarita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Malicious bots make up about a quarter of all traffic on the web, and degrade the performance of personalization and recommendation algorithms that operate on e-commerce sites. Positive-Unlabeled learning (PU learning) provides the ability to train a binary classifier using only positive (P) and unlabeled (U) instances. The unlabeled data comprises of both positive and negative classes. It is possible to find labels for strict subsets of non-malicious actors, e.g., the assumption that only humans purchase during web sessions, or clear CAPTCHAs. However, finding signals of malicious behavior is almost impossible due to the ever-evolving and adversarial nature of bots. Such a set-up naturally lends itself to PU learning. Unfortunately, standard PU learning approaches assume that the labeled set of positives are a random sample of all positives, this is unlikely to hold in practice. In this work, we propose two modifications to PU learning that make it more robust to violations of the selected-completely-at-random assumption, leading to a system that can filter out malicious bots. In one public and one proprietary dataset, we show that proposed approaches are better at identifying humans in web data than standard PU learning methods.
Identifying XMM-Newton observations affected by solar wind charge exchange - Part I
Creators: name: Carter, J. A.
name: Sembay, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a method for identifying XMM-Newton observations that have been affected by Solar Wind Charge Exchange (SWCX) emission and present preliminary results of previously unidentified cases of such emission within the XMM-Newton Science Archive. The method is based on detecting temporal variability in the diffuse X-ray background. We judge the variability of a low energy band, taken to represent the key indicators of charge exchange emission. We compare this to the variability of a continuum band, which is expected to be non-varying, even in the case when SWCX enhancement has occurred. We discuss previously published results with SWCX contamination that have been tested with the above method. We present a selection of observations that we consider to show previously unpublished SWCX enhancements, and further investigate these observations for correlation with data from the solar wind observatory, ACE. We also consider the geometry and viewing angle of XMM-Newton at the time of the observation to examine the origin of the charge exchange emission, whether it be from interactions with geocoronal neutrals in Earth's magnetosheath or from the heliosphere and heliopause.
description: 14 pages, 13 figures, accepted Astronomy and Astrophysics July 2008, high resolution images can be found at: http://www.star.le.ac.uk/~jac48/publications/var_swcx_aa.pdf
Phase diagram and orbital Chern insulator in twisted double bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Wang, Yi-Xiang
name: Li, Fuxiang
name: Zhang, Zi-Yue
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Compared with twisted bilayer graphene, twisted double bilayer graphene (TDBG) provides another important platform to realize the moiré flat bands. In this paper, we first calculate the valley Chern number phase diagram of TDBG in the parameter space spanned by the twist angle and the interlayer electric potential. To include the effects of interactions, we then phenomenologically introduce the spin-splitting and valley-splitting. We find that when the valley splitting is larger than the bandwidth of the first conduction band so that a gap is opened and the spin splitting is relatively weak, the orbital Chern insulator emerges at half-filling, associated with a large orbital magnetization (OM). Further calculations suggest that there is no sign reversal of the OM when the Fermi energy goes from the bottom to the top of the half-filling gap, as the OM remains negative in both AB-AB stacking and AB-BA stacking. The implications of our results for the ongoing experiments are also discussed.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures
A comparative study of universal quantum computing models: towards a physical unification
Creators: name: Wang, D. -S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Quantum computing has been a fascinating research field in quantum physics. Recent progresses motivate us to study in depth the universal quantum computing models (UQCM), which lie at the foundation of quantum computing and have tight connections with fundamental physics. Although being developed decades ago, a physically concise principle or picture to formalize and understand UQCM is still lacking. This is challenging given the diversity of still-emerging models, but important to understand the difference between classical and quantum computing. In this work, we carried out a primary attempt to unify UQCM by classifying a few of them as two categories, hence making a table of models. With such a table, some known models or schemes appear as hybridization or combination of models, and more importantly, it leads to new schemes that have not been explored yet. Our study of UQCM also leads to some insights into quantum algorithms. This work reveals the importance and feasibility of systematic study of computing models.
Electrical excitation of shock and soliton-like waves in two-dimensional electron channels
Creators: name: Vostrikova, E.
name: Ivanov, A.
name: Semenikhin, I.
name: Ryzhii, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study electrical excitation of nonlinear plasma waves in heterostructures with two-dimensional electron channels and with split gates, and the propagation of these waves using hydrodynamic equations for electron transport coupled with two-dimensional Poisson equation for self-consistent electric potential. The term related to electron collisions with impurities and phonons as well as the term associated with viscosity are included into the hydrodynamic equations. We demonstrate the formation of shock and soliton-like waves as a result of the evolution of strongly nonuniform initial electron density distribution. It is shown that the shock wave front and the shape of soliton-like pulses pronouncedly depend on the coefficient of viscosity, the thickness of the gate layer and the nonuniformity of the donor distribution along the channel. The electron collisions result in damping of the shock and soliton-like waves, while they do not markedly affect the thickness of the shock wave front.
description: 9 pages, 11 figures
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Variants of Concern
Creators: name: Zeenat Qureshi Stroke Institutes
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: AbstractIntroduction— Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein mutations has led to the formation of new variants. The Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and World Health Organization (WHO) have named certain variants as variants of concern (VOC); among these are the B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta), P.1 (Gamma), B.1.617.2 (Delta) and B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variants which vary from the original SARS-CoV-2 by their spike protein mutations, transmissibility, hospitalization rate, mortality rate, high-risk populations, symptom presentation, and vaccine efficacy.Methods— We reviewed data from healthcare authorities worldwide, scholarly webpages, and various studies that have been published in peer-reviewed journals that were relevant to our topic. We obtained and compiled this data to compare and contrast the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron VOC against the original SARS-CoV-2. Multiple reviewers have revised and analyzed the data found.Results— Although there are some similarities, the VOC of SARS-CoV-2 also differs from the original strain in several regards. At this time, the primary VOC are the Delta and Omicron variants. The Omicron variant has the highest transmissibility rate; however, current data suggests that infection from the Omicron variant is associated with the lowest rate of hospitalization. The Delta variant infection continues to have the highest hospitalization rate among all the variants. The Alpha variant infection has one of the highest mortality rates while the Omicron variant infection has the lowest mortality rate. The newer variants such as Delta and Omicron have been of higher risk to infect pediatric populations than previous variants. All three vaccines, Pfizer, Moderna, and Johnson & Johnson, have shown varying efficacy for preventing infection-related hospitalization from most of the variants; however, the Omicron variant remains the most vaccine-resistant.Conclusion— A better understanding of various variants of SARS-CoV-2 is required to understand the evolving nature of the pandemic and response to vaccination.
Fossil Groups in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
Creators: name: Santos, Walter A.
name: de Oliveira, Claudia Mendes
name: Sodré, Laerte
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search for fossil groups in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey was performed using virtual observatory tools. A cross-match of the positions of all SDSS Luminous Red Galaxies (with r < 19 and measured spectroscopic redshifts) with sources in the ROSAT All-Sky Survey catalog resulted in a list of elliptical galaxies with extended X-ray emission (with a galaxy/ROSAT-source distance of less than 0.5 arcmin in all cases). A search for neighbors of the selected elliptical galaxies within a radius of $0.5 h_{70}^{-1}$ Mpc was conducted taking into account the r-band magnitudes and spectroscopic or photometric redshifts of all objects within this area, leading to a sample of 34 candidate fossil groups. Considering this sample, the estimated space density of fossil systems is $n =(1.0 \pm 0.6) \times 10^{-6}$ $h_{50}^3$ Mpc$^{-3}$.
description: 16 pages, accepted by AJ
Layouterkennung und Seitensegmentierung als Vorstufe zur Volltexterschliessung - Early Chinese Periodicals Online
Creators: name: Arnold, Matthias
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Chinese republican newspapers
document layout recognition
page segmentation

description: Kurzer Bericht zur Erschließung chinesischer Zeitungen der Republikzeit (ca. 1.H 20.Jh). Vorstellung der wesentlichen Herausforderungen, insbesondere optical layout recognition (enger komplexer Satz). Annäherung an Segmentierung über crowdsourcing, inhaltliche Erschließung auf Item-Ebene (Artikel, Bilder, Werbung) und manuelles double keying. Projekt: https://uni-heidelberg.de/ecpo AG-interner Workshop: OCR - Herausforderungen und Lösungen für Zeitungen & Zeitschriften Die AG Zeitungen & Zeitschriften hat seit ihrem jungen Bestehen (DHd2019) den Austausch über Herausforderungen und Lösungen bezüglich OCR für den genannten Gegenstand als Bedarf identifiziert. Auf dem geplanten Workshop sollen sich Projekte (aus Bibliotheken, Archiven, Wissenschaft), die bereits mit OCR für Zeitungen & Zeitschriften Erfahrungen gesammelt haben, austauschen und voneinander lernen. Doch auch diejenigen, die bisher eher Nutzer*innen von Volltexten aus Zeitungen & Zeitschriften waren, profitieren von dieser Diskussion, um die dahinterliegenden besonderen Herausforderung für diese Medien zu erkennen und einschätzen zu können, welche Anforderungen sie an die Texterkennung stellen können. Außerdem gilt es, aus dieser Nutzerperspektive Bedarfe zu formulieren. Der Schwerpunkt des Workshops liegt also auf dem gegenseitigen Austausch https://dhd-ag-zz.github.io/workshops/ocr_2019-11-11
TALABALARDA PSIXOLOGIK YORDAM HAQIDAGI TASAVVURLARNING NAMOYON BO'LISHIDA INTELEKTUAL RESURSLARNING AHAMIYATI
Creators: name: Matniyozova, Marhabo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Mazkur tezisda talaba-yoshlarda psixilogik yordam haqidagi tasavvurlarini shakillanishi va namoyon bo’lishida intelektual resurlardan foydalanishning ilmiy-nazariy asoslari va ahamiyati haqida fikr-mulohazalar yuritiladi.
Model independent determination of the sigma pole
Creators: name: Leutwyler, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first part of this report reviews recent developments at the interface between lattice work on QCD with light dynamical quarks, effective field theory and low energy precision experiments. Then I discuss how dispersion theory can be used to analyze the low energy structure of the $ππ$ scattering amplitude in a model independent manner. This leads to an exact formula for the mass and width of the lowest few resonances, in terms of observable quantities. As an application, I consider the pole position of the $σ$, paying particular to error propagation in the numerical analysis. The report is based on work done in collaboration with Irinel Caprini and Gilberto Colangelo.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, Contribution to the proceedings of the Workshop on Scalar Mesons and Related Topics, honouring the 70th birthday of Michael Scadron, Lisbon, Portugal, Feb. 11-16, 2008