cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Available potential energy and the general circulation: Partitioning wind, buoyancy forcing, and diapycnal mixing
Creators: name: Scotti, A.
name: White, B.L.
name: Zemskova, V.E.
Publisher: name: American Meteorological Society
Year: 2015

description: The ocean energy cycle is calculated using a new available potential energy (APE) decomposition, which partitions adiabatic buoyancy fluxes from diapycnal mixing, applied to results from the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean, Phase II (ECCO2), eddy-permitting ocean state estimate and observed surface buoyancy fluxes from theWHOIOAFlux project. Compared with the traditional Lorenz energy cycle, this framework provides a more accurate estimate of the background potential energy (PE) of the global oceans and the surface generation and interior fluxes of APE. Calculations of the global energy budget using 16 yr of ECCO2 output suggest that the adiabatic portion of the general circulation is maintained by a balance between the mean wind-driven upwelling that increases APE (+0.27 TW) and time-fluctuating processes, including mesoscale eddies, which release APE (-0.27 TW). The APE generated by surface buoyancy fluxes (0.46 TW) is comparable to the generation by the mean winds. The global rate of irreversible mixing (0.46 TW), which balances surface APE generation, is consistent with previous estimates of the diapycnal fluxes associated with maintaining deep stratification (see Munk and Wunsch) and a global diapycnal diffusivity of O(1 × 10-4)m2 s-1. However, the net contribution of diapycnal mixing to the total potential energy is negligible, which suggests that mixing, contrary to one current paradigm, does not place a global demand on kinetic energy dissipation. However, there are regions where mixing is significant, for example, between 3000 and 5000m (in ECCO2), where mixing increases PE by 0.1 TW. The work provides a new framework for separating adiabatic-diabatic fluxes and for monitoring the global rate of diapycnal mixing rate using measurable surface properties such as SST and heat flux.
Plasmonics simulations with the MNPBEM toolbox: Consideration of substrates and layer structures
Creators: name: Waxenegger, Jürgen
name: Trügler, Andreas
name: Hohenester, Ulrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within the MNPBEM toolbox, developed for the simulation of plasmonic nanoparticles using a boundary element method approach, we show how to include substrate and layer structure effects. We develop the methodology for solving Maxwell's equations using scalar and vector potentials within the inhomogeneous dielectric environment of a layer structure. We show that the implementation of our approach allows for fast and efficient simulations of plasmonic nanoparticles situated on top of substrates or embedded in layer structures. The new toolbox provides a number of demo files which can also be used as templates for other simulations.
description: 16 pages, 6 figure; MNPBEM toolbox can be downloaded from http://physik.uni-graz.at/mnpbem/
MPEC 2023-O123 : 2023 OR5
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 OR5

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Reframing US-China strategic competition in the Indo-Pacific: the role and agency of Southeast Asian nations
Creators: name: Zhou, XiaoJian
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Southeast Asia
subject: US-China relations
subject: US-China great power competition
subject: Laos
subject: Indonesia
subject: Philippines
subject: Stanford Global Studies

description: The prevailing geopolitical landscape painted in the media is often as follows: the US and China are caught in a Thucydides trap in which a rising power is challenging to eclipse the incumbent, and Southeast Asia is a key theatre where this will play out. Many are reminded of the Cold War, during which Southeast Asian countries were divided along their alignment strategies. Today, they face pressure from the US and China to pick a side in international politics and they are often portrayed as a prize to be won. They appear helpless and at risk of being the collateral damage of great power rivalry. Moreover, the narratives portrayed in Western and Chinese media and/or literature are divided – both sides see themselves as the force of good for the prosperity of the region and are critical when Southeast Asian countries work with the other. 

However, there is also an alternative perspective that the US-China strategic competition could provide fertile ground for Southeast Asian countries to advance their own national interests. While navigating the US-China tension can be challenging, the big powers’ eagerness to engage and win them over gives them additional leverage and more options to obtain the necessary support and assistance for their own development. The trade war and the push for decoupling may also inadvertently present new opportunities for some Southeast Asian countries. The Southeast Asian nations have always acted according to what pragmatism dictates and they will no doubt try to make the best use of the situation. 

Hence, this paper seeks to explore the ways in which Southeast Asian countries could shape the dynamics of the US-China strategic competition in the Indo-Pacific region and the key drivers behind their foreign policy toward the two big powers. To this end, it delves deeper into three case study countries that lie on different points along the spectrum of US/China-leanings – namely Laos, Indonesia, and the Philippines – to illustrate the relevant factors at play. The paper can also help inform American and Chinese policymakers about the needs of Southeast Asia and the effectiveness of their current approaches. Most importantly, it hopes to reframe the conversation to focus more on the agency of the region and shed light on the Southeast Asian point of view that tends to be lacking in the current discourse.
Classification of Message Spreading in a Heterogeneous Social Network
Creators: name: Jendoubi, Siwar
name: Martin, Arnaud
name: Liétard, Ludovic
name: Yaghlane, Boutheina Ben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nowadays, social networks such as Twitter, Facebook and LinkedIn become increasingly popular. In fact, they introduced new habits, new ways of communication and they collect every day several information that have different sources. Most existing research works fo-cus on the analysis of homogeneous social networks, i.e. we have a single type of node and link in the network. However, in the real world, social networks offer several types of nodes and links. Hence, with a view to preserve as much information as possible, it is important to consider so-cial networks as heterogeneous and uncertain. The goal of our paper is to classify the social message based on its spreading in the network and the theory of belief functions. The proposed classifier interprets the spread of messages on the network, crossed paths and types of links. We tested our classifier on a real word network that we collected from Twitter, and our experiments show the performance of our belief classifier.
Is horizontal convection really "non-turbulent?"
Creators: name: White, B.
name: Scotti, A.
Publisher: name: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Year: 2011

description: Within the geophysical community Horizontal Convection (HC) has been considered irrelevant or nearly so in driving large scale overturning flows, based primarily on an inference based on a century old experiment by Sandstrm (1908), and on a theoretical argument that would prevent HC to sustain a true turbulent flow, the latter deemed necessary to achieve mixing. We revisit Paparella and Young's (2002) argument with the aid of DNS of HC at Rayleigh number up to 1010. We argue that the criterion used by these authors is overly restrictive. On the contrary, geometrical statistics show that HC possesses the characteristic of turbulent flows. The surprising result is that HC can transport very large quantities of heat and sustain large amounts of diapycnal mixing with a surprisingly small amount of dissipation. Values of diapycnal mixing and dissipation in the ocean are shown to be consistent with a HC driven ocean provided the effect of wind-forcing are included.
Extended body dynamics in general relativity: hyperelastic models
Creators: name: Jadoo, Nishita
name: Brown, J. David
name: Evans, Charles R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a numerical framework for modeling extended hyperelastic bodies based on a Lagrangian formulation of general relativistic elasticity theory. We use finite element methods to discretize the body, then use the semi--discrete action to derive ordinary differential equations of motion for the discrete nodes. The nodes are evolved in time using fourth--order Runge--Kutta. We validate our code against the normal modes of oscillation of a hyperelastic sphere, which are known analytically in the limit of small (linear), slow (Newtonian) oscillations. The algorithm displays second order convergence. This numerical framework can be used to obtain the orbital motion and internal dynamics of a hyperelastic body of any shape, for any spacetime metric, and for varying hyperelastic energy models.
description: Corrected typos
Modeling unsteady turbulent flows over ripples: Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations (RANS) versus large-eddy simulation (LES)
Creators: name: Chang, Y.S.
name:  Scotti, A.
Publisher: name: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Year: 2004

description: In this paper we consider the problem of modeling a turbulent pulsating boundary layer over ripples. We compare the results of two modeling strategies, Wilcox's k - ω Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations (RANS) and large-eddy simulation (LES) employing the Lagrangian dynamic eddy viscosity model. The geometry and parameters employed are relevant to nearshore oceanic flows, and the results are discussed in relation to the problem of sediment transport. Generally, RANS and LES agree well only with regard to the vertical profiles of the streamwise component of the velocity. Large discrepancies were found in all the other quantities considered (e.g., vertical velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, and Reynolds stress). In particular, RANS severely underpredicted the magnitude of the Reynolds stress and overpredicted the amplitude of the oscillations in the vertical velocity. We also found that often the trends exhibited by RANS and LES when the frequency and/or amplitude of the driving conditions was varied were at odds. Since comparison with available experiments indicates that LES is able to accurately model this kind of flows, we conclude that the RANS model is not appropriate to model the suspension and transport of sediment under conditions similar to the ones presented in this study.
Surface Treatment of Carbon Fibers by Oxy-Fluorination
Creators: name: Kruppke, Iris
name: Scheffler, Christina
name: Simon, Frank
name: Hund, Rolf-Dieter
name: Cherif, Chokri
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Composite materials
subject: Fiber
subject: Microstructures
subject: Surface modification
subject: 600

description: In this paper, the oxy-fluorination process and the influence of different concentrations of fluorine and oxygen in the gas phase on the physicochemical properties of polyacrylonitrile(PAN)-based carbon fibers are described. The properties of the treated carbon structures are determined by zeta potential and tensiometry measurements. In addition, changes in surface composition and morphology are investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Adhesion properties are characterized by the single fiber pull-out (SFPO) test. Furthermore, changes in intrinsic properties are described by means of tensile and density measurements. After a primary desizing effect by oxy-fluorination, an increased number of oxygen-containing surface functional groups could be detected, which led to more debonding work in SFPOs with an epoxy-based matrix. It was also shown that the polar surface energy grows with rising fluorine concentration in the reaction gas mixture. In addition, a minor increase of ~10% in the maximum strength of PAN-based carbon fibers is detected by single fiber tensile measurements after oxy-fluorination with a fluorine content of 5% in the reaction mixture.
Hadronic observables from master-field simulations
Creators: name: Cè, Marco
name: Bruno, Mattia
name: Bulava, John
name: Francis, Anthony
name: Fritzsch, Patrick
name: Green, Jeremy R.
name: Hansen, Maxwell T.
name: Rago, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Substantial progress has been made recently in the generation of master-field ensembles. This has to be paired with efficient techniques to compute observables on gauge field configurations with a large volume. Here we present the results of the computation of hadronic observables, including hadron masses and meson decay constants, on large-volume and master-field ensembles with physical volumes of up to $(18\,\mathrm{fm})^4$ and $m_πL$ up to $25$, simulated using $N_{\mathrm{f}}=2+1$ stabilized Wilson fermions. We obtain sub-percent determinations from single gauge configurations with the combined use of position-space techniques, volume averages and master-field error estimation.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables, talk presented at The 39th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, 8th-13th August, 2022, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universit\"at Bonn, Bonn, Germany
Ética e as boas práticas na pesquisa: uma discussão de suas diferenças e complementaridades na pesquisa em Ciências Humanas e Sociais
Creators: name: Diógenes De Souza Bido
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: "Responsible conduct of research"
"Conduta responsável na pesquisa"
"Integridade na pesquisa"
"Boas práticas na pesquisa científica"

description: Objetivo Apresentar e discutir os princípios da conduta responsável na pesquisa: honestidade, precisão e eficiência e objetividade. Assim como as atividades desenvolvidas durante o planejamento, condução, relato e avaliação da pesquisa, que têm potencial para ferir estes princípios. Justificativa Dado que você é ético e honesto, quais os cuidados que você deve ter ao conduzir pesquisas em Administração de Empresas, Contabilidade e áreas afins? Por exemplo, ao lidar com pessoas, com os potenciais conflitos de interesses, com a coleta e proteção dos dados, com o relacionamento com outros pesquisadores, com a definição da autoria, entre outros temas. Material de referência: STENECK, Nicholas H. ORI Introduction to the Responsible Conduct of Research. Washington, ORI: 2007. Disponível em: .
The HI dominated Low Surface Brightness Galaxy KKR17
Creators: name: Lam, Man I.
name: Wu, Hong
name: Yang, Ming
name: Zhou, Zhi-Min
name: Du, Wei
name: Zhu, Yi-Nan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new narrow-band (H$α$ and [OIII]) imagings and optical spectrophotometry of HII regions for a gas-rich low surface brightness irregular galaxy, KKR 17. The central surface brightness of the galaxy is $μ_0(B)$ = 24.15 $\pm$0.03 mag~sec$^{-2}$. The galaxy was detected by \emph{Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA survey} (ALFALFA), and its mass is dominated by neutral hydrogen (HI) gas. In contrast, both the stellar masses of the bright HII and diffuse stellar regions are small. In addition, the fit to the spectral energy distribution to each region shows the stellar populations of HII and diffuse regions are different. The bright HII region contains a large fraction of O-type stars, revealing the recent strong star formation, whereas the diffuse region is dominated by median age stars, which has a typical age of $\sim$ 600 Myrs. Using the McGaugh's abundance model, we found that the average metallicity of KKR 17 is 12 + (O/H) = 8.0 $\pm$ 0.1. The star formation rate of KKR 17 is 0.21$\pm$0.04 M$_{\odot}$/yr, which is $\sim$1/5 of our Milky Way's. Based on the analysis results to young stellar clusters in HII region, it is found that the bright HII region showed two sub-components with different velocities and metallicities. This may be caused by the outflow of massive stars or merging events. However, the mechanism of triggering star formation in the HII region is still uncertain.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, MNRAS accepted
Additional file 8 of Screening for hypertension in adults: protocol for evidence reviews to inform a Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care guideline update
Creators: name: Shaver, Nicole
name: Beck, Andrew
name: Bennett, Alexandria
name: Wilson, Brenda J.
name: Garritty, Chantelle
name: Subnath, Melissa
name: Grad, Roland
name: Persaud, Navindra
name: Thériault, Guylène
name: Flemming, Jennifer
name: Thombs, Brett D.
name: LeBlanc, John
name: Kaczorowski, Janusz
name: Liu, Peter
name: Clark, Christopher E.
name: Traversy, Gregory
name: Graham, Eva
name: Feber, Janusz
name: Leenen, Frans H. H.
name: Premji, Kamila
name: Pap, Robert
name: Skidmore, Becky
name: Brouwers, Melissa
name: Moher, David
name: Little, Julian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 8. UK NICE grading the strength of the body of evidence.
Preparation of Photoactive Transition-Metal Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH) to Replace Dye-Sensitized Materials in Solar Cells
Creators: name: Naseem, Sajid
name: Gevers, Bianca R.
name: Labuschagné, Frederick J. W. J.
name: Leuteritz, Andreas
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC)
subject: Iron (Fe) modified MgFeAl LDH
subject: Layered double hydroxide solar cell (LDHSC)
subject: Optical bandgap analysis
subject: Photoactive layered double hydroxide (LDH)
subject: Photoactive material
subject: Photovoltaic device design
subject: Renewable energy
subject: Transition metal modification
subject: UV-Vis absorption
subject: 600

description: This work highlights the use of Fe-modified MgAl-layered double hydroxides (LDHs) to replace dye and semiconductor complexes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), forming a layered double hydroxide solar cell (LDHSC). For this purpose, a MgAl-LDH and a Fe-modified MgAl LDH were prepared. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy were used to analyze the structural properties, morphology, and success of the Fe-modification of the synthesized LDHs. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy was used to analyze the photoactive behavior of these LDHs and compare it to that of TiO2 and dye-sensitized TiO2. Current-voltage (I–V) solar simulation was used to determine the fill factor (FF), open circuit voltage (VOC), short circuit current (ISC), and efficiency of the LDHSCs. It was shown that the MgFeAl-LDH can act as a simultaneous photoabsorber and charge separator, effectively replacing the dye and semiconductor complex in DSSCs and yielding an efficiency of 1.56%.
Annual and Seasonal Surface Circulation Over the Mid-Atlantic Bight Continental Shelf Derived From a Decade of High Frequency Radar Observations
Creators: name: Nazzaro, L.
name: Smith, M.
name: Handel, E.
name: Kohut, J.
name: Brown, W.
name: Seim, H.
name: Muglia, M.
name: Roarty, H.
name: Wang, H.
name: Gong, D.
name: Updyke, T.
name: Atkinson, L.
name: Boicourt, W.
name: Glenn, S.
name: Brodie, J.
Publisher: name: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Year: 2020

description: A decade (2007–2016) of hourly 6-km-resolution maps of the surface currents across the Mid-Atlantic Bight (MAB) generated by a regional-scale High Frequency Radar network are used to reveal new insights into the spatial patterns of the annual and seasonal mean surface flows. Across the 10-year time series, temporal means and interannual and intra-annual variability are used to quantify the variability of spatial surface current patterns. The 10-year annual mean surface flows are weaker and mostly cross-shelf near the coast, increasing in speed and rotating to more alongshore directions near the shelfbreak, and increasing in speed and rotating to flow off-shelf in the southern MAB. The annual mean surface current pattern is relatively stable year to year compared to the hourly variations within a year. The 10-year seasonal means exhibit similar current patterns, with winter and summer more cross-shore while spring and fall transitions are more alongshore. Fall and winter mean speeds are larger and correspond to when mean winds are stronger and cross-shore. Summer mean currents are weakest and correspond to a time when the mean wind opposes the alongshore flow. Again, intra-annual variability is much greater than interannual, with the fall season exhibiting the most interseasonal variability in the surface current patterns. The extreme fall seasons of 2009 and 2011 are related to extremes in the wind and river discharge events caused by different persistent synoptic meteorological conditions, resulting in more or less rapid fall transitions from stratified summer to well-mixed winter conditions.
Curbing Fuel Wood Crises in NigeriaThe Role of Environmental Adult Education
Creators: name: Bullem, Anthony
name: Ulayi, Agnes
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 390201
subject: Education policy
classificationCode: 390403
subject: Educational administration, management and leadership

description: Fuel wood crisis has become fa tropical issue in the world agenda. As the world population increases fuel wood energy consumption also increases thereby resulting to its shortage. This ugly situation calls for serious concern of all stakeholders. This paper examined the extent to which environmental adult education could help in curbing the problem associated with fuel wood crisis in Nigeria. To achieve the above goal, the paper looked at the concepts fuel wood crisis and environment adult education. It x-rays the benefit of fuel wood energy to man and the environment. The paper also examined factors responsible for fuel wood crisis and its effects on the environment. It further examined factors responsible for fuel wood crisis and its effects on the environment. It further examined the role of environmental adult education in solving the problem of fuel wood crisis and a conclusion was drawn. The paper recommended among others that the government and non governmental organizations should do everything possible at their disposal to encourage all the adult citizens to be environmentally literate to enable them understand the consequences of fuel wood crisis to man and the environment.
Optimal filtering techniques for the adaptive optics system of the LBT
Creators: name: Agapito, G.
name: Quirós-Pacheco, F.
name: Tesi, P.
name: Riccardi, A.
name: Esposito, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we will discuss the application of optimal filtering techniques for the adaptive optics system of the LBT telescope. We have studied the application of both Kalman and H$_\infty$ filters to estimate the temporal evolution of the phase perturbations due to the atmospheric turbulence and the telescope vibrations on tip/tilt modes. We will focus on the H$_\infty$ filter and on its advantages and disadvantages over the Kalman filter.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables, European Control Conference (ECC) 2009, Budapest, Hungary, August 23-26, 2009
Granular front formation in free-surface flow of concentrated suspensions
Creators: name: Leonardi, A.
name: Cabrera, M.
name: Wittel, F. K.
name: Kaitna, R.
name: Mendoza, M.
name: Wu, W.
name: Herrmann, H. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Granular fronts are a common yet unexplained phenomenon emerging during the gravity driven free-surface flow of concentrated suspensions. They are usually believed to be the result of fluid convection in combination with particle size segregation. However, suspensions composed of uniformly sized particles also develop a granular front. Within a large rotating drum, a stationary recirculating avalanche is generated. The flowing material is a mixture of a visco-plastic fluid obtained from a kaolin-water dispersion, with spherical ceramic particles denser than the fluid. The goal is to mimic the composition of many common granular-fluid materials, like fresh concrete or debris flow. In these materials, granular and fluid phases have the natural tendency to segregate due to particle settling. However, through the shearing caused by the rotation of the drum, a reorganization of the phases is induced, leading to the formation of a granular front. By tuning the material properties and the drum velocity, it is possible to control this phenomenon. The setting is reproduced in a numerical environment, where the fluid is solved by a Lattice-Boltzmann Method, and the particles are explicitly represented using the Discrete Element Method. The simulations confirm the findings of the experiments, and provide insight into the internal mechanisms. Comparing the time-scale of particle settling with the one of particle recirculation, a non-dimensional number is defined, and is found to be effective in predicting the formation of a granular front.
description: The first two authors contributed equally to this paper, and should be regarded as co-first authors
High-$T_c$ superconductivity by mobilizing local spin singlets and possible route to higher $T_c$ in pressurized La$_3$Ni$_2$O$_7$
Creators: name: Qin, Qiong
name: Yang, Yi-feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We clarify the pairing mechanism of high-$T_c$ superconductivity in bilayer La$_3$Ni$_2$O$_7$ under high pressure by employing the static auxiliary field Monte Carlo approach to simulate a minimal effective model that contains local $d_{z^2}$ interlayer spin singlets and metallic $d_{x^2-y^2}$ bands. Superconductivity is induced when the local spin singlet pairs are mobilized and attain long-distance phase coherence by hybridization with the metallic bands. When projected onto realistic Fermi surfaces, it yields a nodeless $s$-wave gap on the $γ$ Fermi surface, and extended $s$-wave gaps of the same (opposite) sign on the $α$ ($β$) Fermi surface due to its bonding (antibonding) character, with nodes or gap minima along the diagonal direction of the two-dimensional Brillouin zone. We find a dual role of the hybridization that not only induces global phase coherence but also competes with the spin singlet formation. This lead to a tentative phase diagram where $T_c$ varies nonmonotonically with the hybridization, in good correspondence with experimental observations. A roughly linear relation is obtained for realistic hopping and hybridization parameters: $T_c\approx 0.04-0.05 J$, where $J$ is the interlayer superexchange interaction. We emphasize the peculiar tunability of the bilayer structure and propose that $T_c$ may be further enhanced by hole doping or applying uniaxial pressure along the $c$ axis on superconducting La$_3$Ni$_2$O$_7$. Our work provides reliable numerical evidence for the pairing mechanism of high-$T_c$ superconductivity in La$_3$Ni$_2$O$_7$ and points out a potential route to achieve even higher $T_c$.
description: 7 pages,4 figures
A Novel Modular, Reconfigurable Battery Energy Storage System: Design, Control, and Experimentation
Creators: name: Farakhor, Amir
name: Wu, Di
name: Wang, Yebin
name: Fang, Huazhen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper presents a novel modular, reconfigurable battery energy storage system. The proposed design is characterized by a tight integration of reconfigurable power switches and DC/DC converters. This characteristic enables isolation of faulty cells from the system and allows fine power control for individual cells toward optimal system-level performance. An optimal power management approach is developed to extensively exploit the merits of the proposed design. Based on receding-horizon convex optimization, this approach aims to minimize the total power losses in charging/discharging while allocating the power in line with each cell's condition to achieve state-of-charge (SoC) and temperature balancing. By appropriate design, the approach manages to regulate the power of a cell across its full SoC range and guarantees the feasibility of the optimization problem. We perform extensive simulations and further develop a lab-scale prototype to validate the proposed system design and power management approach.
description: This work is published in the IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification
Gulf stream marine hydrokinetic energy off cape hatteras, north carolina
Creators: name: Seim, H.
name: Taylor, P.
name: Muglia, M.
Publisher: name: Marine Technology Society Inc.
Year: 2020

description: Multi-year measurements of current velocity, salinity, and temperature from fixed and vessel-mounted sensors quantify Gulf Stream (GS) marine hydrokinetic energy (MHK) resource variability and inform development off Cape Hatteras, NC. Vessel transects across the GS demonstrate a jet-like velocity structure with speeds exceeding 2.5 m/s at the surface, persistent horizontal shear throughout the jet, and strongest vertical shears within the cyclonic shear zone. Persistent equatorward flow at the base of the GS associated with the Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC) produces a local maximum in vertical shear where stratification is weak and is postulated to be a site of strong turbulent mixing. Repeated transects at the same location demonstrate that the velocity structure depends upon whether the GS abuts the shelf slope or is offshore. Currents from a fixed acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) deployed on the shoreward side of the GS exceed 1 m/s 64% of the time 40 m below the surface. The 3.75-year time series of currents from the ADCP mooring document large, roughly weekly variations in downstream and cross-stream speed (−0.5 to 2.5 m/s) and shear (± 0.05 s−1) over the entire water column due to passage of GS meanders and frontal eddies. Current reversals from the mean GS direction occur several times a month, and longer period variations in GS offshore position can result in reduced currents for weeks at a time. Unresolved small-scale shear is postulated to contribute significantly to turbulent mixing.
Determination of the Entire Stent Surface Area by a New Analytical Method
Creators: name: Saqib, Muhammad
name: Bernhardt, Ricardo
name: Kästner, Markus
name: Beshchasna, Natalia
name: Cuniberti, Gianaurelio
name: Opitz, Jörg
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Corrosion
subject: Degradation
subject: Mass loss
subject: Micro-CT
subject: Quantitative corrosion test
subject: Stents
subject: Surface area
subject: 600

description: Stenting is a widely used treatment procedure for coronary artery disease around the world. Stents have a complex geometry, which makes the characterization of their corrosion difficult due to the absence of a mathematical model to calculate the entire stent surface area (ESSA). Therefore, corrosion experiments with stents are mostly based on qualitative analysis. Additionally, the quantitative analysis of corrosion is conducted with simpler samples made of stent material instead of stents, in most cases. At present, several methods are available to calculate the stent outer surface area (SOSA), whereas no model exists for the calculation of the ESSA. This paper presents a novel mathematical model for the calculation of the ESSA using the SOSA as one of the main parameters. The ESSA of seven magnesium alloy stents (MeKo Laser Material Processing GmbH, Sarstedt, Germany) were calculated using the developed model. The calculated SOSA and ESSA for all stents are 33.34%(±0.26%) and 111.86 mm (±0.85 mm), respectively. The model is validated by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), with a difference of 12.34% (±0.46%). The value of corrosion rates calculated using the ESSA computed with the developed model will be 12.34% (±0.46%) less than that of using ESSA obtained by micro-CT.
Characterizing gravitational instability in turbulent multi-component galactic discs
Creators: name: Agertz, Oscar
name: Romeo, Alessandro B.
name: Grisdale, Kearn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational instabilities play an important role in galaxy evolution and in shaping the interstellar medium (ISM). The ISM is observed to be highly turbulent, meaning that observables like the gas surface density and velocity dispersion depend on the size of the region over which they are measured. In this work we investigate, using simulations of Milky Way-like disc galaxies with a resolution of $\sim 9$ pc, the nature of turbulence in the ISM and how this affects the gravitational stability of galaxies. By accounting for the measured average turbulent scalings of the density and velocity fields in the stability analysis, we can more robustly characterize the average level of stability of the galaxies as a function of scale, and in a straightforward manner identify scales prone to fragmentation. Furthermore, we find that the stability of a disc with feedback-driven turbulence can be well described by a "Toomre-like" $Q$ stability criterion on all scales, whereas the classical $Q$ can formally lose its meaning on small scales if violent disc instabilities occur in models lacking pressure support from stellar feedback.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, submitted to MNRAS
Additional file 9 of Screening for hypertension in adults: protocol for evidence reviews to inform a Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care guideline update
Creators: name: Shaver, Nicole
name: Beck, Andrew
name: Bennett, Alexandria
name: Wilson, Brenda J.
name: Garritty, Chantelle
name: Subnath, Melissa
name: Grad, Roland
name: Persaud, Navindra
name: Thériault, Guylène
name: Flemming, Jennifer
name: Thombs, Brett D.
name: LeBlanc, John
name: Kaczorowski, Janusz
name: Liu, Peter
name: Clark, Christopher E.
name: Traversy, Gregory
name: Graham, Eva
name: Feber, Janusz
name: Leenen, Frans H. H.
name: Premji, Kamila
name: Pap, Robert
name: Skidmore, Becky
name: Brouwers, Melissa
name: Moher, David
name: Little, Julian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 9. USPSTF grading the strength of the body of evidence.
Universal Tool for Single-Photon Circuits: Quantum Router Design
Creators: name: Sultanov, Aydar
name: Greenberg, Yakov
name: Mutsenik, Evgeniya
name: Pitsun, Dmitry
name: Il’ichev, Evgeni
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microwave circuits
subject: Open waveguide
subject: Quantum measurements
subject: Quantum routing
subject: Transmission line
subject: 600

description: We demonstrate that the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian approach can be used as a universal tool to design and describe a performance of single photon quantum electrodynamical circuits (cQED). As an example of the validity of this method, we calculate a novel six port quantum router, constructed from four qubits and three open waveguides. We have obtained analytical expressions, which describe the transmission and reflection coefficients of a single photon in general form taking into account the spread qubit’s parameters. We show that, due to naturally derived interferences, in situ tuning the probability of photon detection in desired ports
Assessing Thermodynamic Selectivity of Solid-State Reactions for the Predictive Synthesis of Inorganic Materials
Creators: name: McDermott, Matthew J.
name: McBride, Brennan C.
name: Regier, Corlyn
name: Tran, Gia Thinh
name: Chen, Yu
name: Corrao, Adam A.
name: Gallant, Max C.
name: Kamm, Gabrielle E.
name: Bartel, Christopher J.
name: Chapman, Karena W.
name: Khalifah, Peter G.
name: Ceder, Gerbrand
name: Neilson, James R.
name: Persson, Kristin A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Synthesis is a major challenge in the discovery of new inorganic materials. Currently, there is limited theoretical guidance for identifying optimal solid-state synthesis procedures. We introduce two selectivity metrics, primary and secondary competition, to assess the favorability of target/impurity phase formation in solid-state reactions. We used these metrics to analyze 3,520 solid-state reactions in the literature, ranking existing approaches to popular target materials. Additionally, we implemented these metrics in a data-driven synthesis planning workflow and demonstrated its application in the synthesis of barium titanate (BaTiO$_3$). Using an 18-element chemical reaction network with first-principles thermodynamic data from the Materials Project, we identified 82,985 possible BaTiO$_3$ synthesis reactions and selected nine for experimental testing. Characterization of reaction pathways via synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction reveals that our selectivity metrics correlate with observed target/impurity formation. We discovered two efficient reactions using unconventional precursors (BaS/BaCl$_2$ and Na$_2$TiO$_3$) that produce BaTiO$_3$ faster and with fewer impurities than conventional methods, highlighting the importance of considering complex chemistries with additional elements during precursor selection. Our framework provides a foundation for predictive inorganic synthesis, facilitating the optimization of existing recipes and the discovery of new materials, including those not easily attainable with conventional precursors.
description: Minor revisions (updated abstract, added discussion, added precursor purities, formatting). The first two authors contributed equally to this work. 53 pages, 7 figures
Multi-Power Level $Q$-Learning Algorithm for Random Access in NOMA mMTC Systems
Creators: name: Silva, Giovanni Maciel Ferreira
name: Abrão, Taufik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The massive machine-type communications (mMTC) service will be part of new services planned to integrate the fifth generation of wireless communication (B5G). In mMTC, thousands of devices sporadically access available resource blocks on the network. In this scenario, the massive random access (RA) problem arises when two or more devices collide when selecting the same resource block. There are several techniques to deal with this problem. One of them deploys $Q$-learning (QL), in which devices store in their $Q$-table the rewards sent by the central node that indicate the quality of the transmission performed. The device learns the best resource blocks to select and transmit to avoid collisions. We propose a multi-power level QL (MPL-QL) algorithm that uses non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) transmit scheme to generate transmission power diversity and allow {accommodate} more than one device in the same time-slot as long as the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) exceeds a threshold value. The numerical results reveal that the best performance-complexity trade-off is obtained by using a {higher {number of} power levels, typically eight levels}. The proposed MPL-QL {can deliver} better throughput and lower latency compared to other recent QL-based algorithms found in the literature
description: 13 pages, 9 figures, ETT-Wiley publication
Socio-spatial dimensions in energy transitions: Applying the TPSN framework to case studies in Germany
Creators: name: Gailing, Ludger
name: Bues, Andrea
name: Kern, Kristine
name: Röhring, Andreas
Publisher: name: London : Sage Publications
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: energy spaces
subject: energy transitions
subject: Socio-spatial strategies
subject: TPSN framework
subject: 690

description: Energy transitions cannot be fully grasped without appreciating their spatial implications. This paper takes up the idea of conceptualizing the socio-spatial dimensions of energy transitions and examines the respective value of the Territory, Place, Scale, and Network (TPSN) framework. The fundamental contribution of this framework is to move the focus of the debate away from whether one ontology of the socio-spatial is ‘better’ than another. By applying the TPSN framework to emblematic cases of regional energy spaces in Germany, we realized that the dynamics of different fields of action within an energy transition are characterized in each case by a specific pattern of the four socio-spatial dimensions and related strategies. The paper concludes with a discussion of the benefits and the shortcomings of the framework as it relates to understanding energy transitions. The fundamental role of place-making at a nexus with territorializations, as well as the additional importance of networking and rescaling strategies, are to be understood with the additional factors of the role of governance spaces, the upscaling of local experiments, powerful space-related discourses, and the socio-materiality of spaces.
Propagation of quantum particles in Brans-Dicke spacetime. The case of Gamma Ray Bursts
Creators: name: Capozziello, S.
name: Lambiase, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The propagation of boson particles in a gravitational field described by the Brans-Dicke theory of gravity is analyzed. We derive the wave function of the scalar particles, and the effective potential experienced by the quantum particles considering the role of the varying gravitational coupling. Besides, we calculate the probability to find the scalar particles near the region where a naked singularity is present. The extremely high energy radiated in such a situation could account for the huge emitted power observed in Gamma Ray Bursts.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, contributed paper to the Special Issue: "Fundamental Constants in Physics and Their Time Variation", Modern Physics Letters A, Guest Ed. Joan Sol\`a
Market Analysis Brazil: BUS 19
Creators: name: Market Analysis
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2023

description: Ownership of electronics/appliances (1); overall health (1); exercise (1); medical diagnoses (2); weight and weight loss (18); influence of the United States on Brazil (2); country is better or worse (1); President Lula performance rating (1); Free Trade Area of the Americas (2); follow the news (1); occupation of Iraq (1); watch sports (2); shopping for children (3); children's diets (1); children's activities (1); previous experiences with surveys (3); future participation in surveys (3); opinions on market research (1).
Domain-adaptive Message Passing Graph Neural Network
Creators: name: Shen, Xiao
name: Pan, Shirui
name: Choi, Kup-Sze
name: Zhou, Xi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Cross-network node classification (CNNC), which aims to classify nodes in a label-deficient target network by transferring the knowledge from a source network with abundant labels, draws increasing attention recently. To address CNNC, we propose a domain-adaptive message passing graph neural network (DM-GNN), which integrates graph neural network (GNN) with conditional adversarial domain adaptation. DM-GNN is capable of learning informative representations for node classification that are also transferrable across networks. Firstly, a GNN encoder is constructed by dual feature extractors to separate ego-embedding learning from neighbor-embedding learning so as to jointly capture commonality and discrimination between connected nodes. Secondly, a label propagation node classifier is proposed to refine each node's label prediction by combining its own prediction and its neighbors' prediction. In addition, a label-aware propagation scheme is devised for the labeled source network to promote intra-class propagation while avoiding inter-class propagation, thus yielding label-discriminative source embeddings. Thirdly, conditional adversarial domain adaptation is performed to take the neighborhood-refined class-label information into account during adversarial domain adaptation, so that the class-conditional distributions across networks can be better matched. Comparisons with eleven state-of-the-art methods demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed DM-GNN.
description: This version rectifies the numerical inaccuracies of Table 3 and 4 in the printed version (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2023.04.038). See our corrigendum at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2023.09.026
Supplemental figures from Satellite tracking reveals sex-specific migration distance in green turtles (Chelonia mydas)
Creators: name: Beal, Martin
name: Catry, Paulo
name: Regalla, Aissa
name: Barbosa, Castro
name: Pires, António J.
name: Mestre, Julie
name: Senhoury, Cheibani
name: Sidina, Ebaye
name: Patrício, Rita
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Figures showing net squared displacement of tracked turtles, model fit for effect of time of year on migration distance, and maps showing male vs. female foraging grounds.