Cumbre haywardi Dolibaina, Mielke & Casagrande, 2014, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Dolibaina, Diego Rodrigo
name: Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik
name: Casagrande, Mirna Martins
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Hesperiidae
Cumbre
Cumbre haywardi

description: Cumbre haywardi sp. nov.
(Figs 9–12, 19, 33–38, 47, 51, 57–58, 61)
Phanes cumbre [misidentification]; Hayward, 1939. An. Soc. cient. arg. 126: 451, fig. 22 (male gen.).— Hayward, 1941. Rev. Mus. La Plata, n. s., Zool. 8: 311.
Mnestheus cumbre [misidentification]; Hayward, 1950. Gen. Sp. Anim. Arg. 2, p. 187, 189, pls 9, fig. 9 (male gen.), pl. 21, fig. 26 (d).
Taxonomic History. Hayward (1939a) described and partially illustrated the male genitalia of this species, however considering it to be Phanes cumbre Schaus, 1902 due the similarities in the male genitalia. Later, Hayward (1950) re-described it and illustrated the adult, placing it in Mnestheus Godman, 1901. The locality of Cochuna river, Ibatin, Tucumán, Argentina, cited by Hayward (1939a) is near the type locality of this new species.
Diagnosis. This new species can be easily recognized by: non-overlapping discal hyaline spots (M3–CuA1 and CuA1–CuA2) in the forewing (Figs 9–12); postdiscal spots in the ventral hindwing which are fused with the submarginal patch (Figs 10, 12); male genitalia with a circular fenestra, thinner than C. lamasi sp. nov. (Fig. 33), uncus upturned (Fig. 35); and distal spine of harpe exceeding the dorsal margin of valva (Fig. 36) and; female genitalia with the ostium opening as an inverted triangle (Fig. 51). Furthermore, it is the only species known to occur in northwestern Argentina and southeastern Peru in Andean environments (Fig. 61).
Description. Head: dorsally brown, ventrally and posteriorly surrounding the eyes white; eyes brown; labial palpi quadrate, covered with white-black mixed scales except for the dark brown third segment, first segment short, second segment elongated and third segment short and erect; antennae long, about 70% of the costa, reaching the subapical hyaline spots, dorsally black, ventrally black checkered with white scales at the base of all segments, club long, dorsally black and ventrally white; nudum rufous brown covering 12 segments, including the apiculus and part of the club.
Thorax: dorsally and ventrally brown to gray; tegulae brown; legs latero-externally rufous brown and laterointernally pale yellow.
Forewing length: males 16mm (n=2) and female 15.5m m, (n=1); triangular, elongated and narrow, with a slightly curved costal margin; apex pointed; outer margin slightly convex and tornus rounded.
Upper side: ground color uniformly brown, dark brown in discal area; fringe pale brown; two groups of hyaline spots, one subapical, with three small spots in R3–R4, R4–R5 and R5–M1, each one longer than wide and diagonally inclined toward outer margin, second group discal with two large spots, one in M3–CuA1, rectangular, as long as wide and aligned with the subapical hyaline spots and, another, in CuA1–CuA2, distally surrounding the brand, twice longer than the first, with an irregular distal margin; “V”-shaped brand, inclined at the origin of CuA2 (Fig. 19), with a long and wide superior projection, and an irregular internal margin, basal portion twice longer than inferior projection, which is short, thin and with a smooth internal margin; two cream spots in CuA2–2A below the larger discal hyaline spot, the first is small and ventral to CuA2 and the second is large and subtriangular, on 2A. Female as in male, but without a brand and the color pattern is fainter.
Underside: ground color brown to dark brown, rufous brown along the costal margin, brown along the postdiscal area and dark brown on discal area; fringe pale brown with dark brown scales on the veins; outer marginal line dark brown, broken by the lighter veins; hyaline spots as upper side; marginal gray patch from apex to CuA2, enlarged on M1.
Hindwing: rounded; costal margin straight, with a prominent curve at the base (Fig. 10); outer margin convex; tornus rounded and slightly pronounced due to a small indentation between CuA1–2A.
Upper side: uniformly rufous brown; fringe pale brown; outer marginal line thin, brown and continuous. Underside: ground color brown; fringe pale brown with dark brown scales on the veins; outer marginal line thin and dark brown, broken by the lighter veins; basal band rufous brown from humeral area to 2A, extending to the first half of the discal cell; transverse discal band pale brown, from costal margin to 2A, covering the second half of the discal cell; postdiscal transverse band dark brown from apex to 2A, enlarged from end cell to submarginal patch; submarginal patch pale brown surrounding the outer margin from Rs to 2A, enlarged in M3; speckled with gray scales from 2A to anal margin.
Abdomen: dorsally brown, ventrally pale brown with a central dark brown line.
Male genitalia (Figs 33–38) (n=1): tegumen quadrate with two lateral projections on distal portion (dorsal view), laterally globular and distinct from the uncus; fenestra circular; ventral arm of tegumen fused with the dorsal arm of saccus, slightly bent ventrad in the middle; anterior projection of saccus slender, as long as tegumen+uncus with a rounded end; uncus simple, distally thinning with a pointed end, downturned and exceeding the gnathos; gnathos slender, bifid and convergent, slightly upturned; valva long and dorsally straight, second half of the ventral margin upturned, costa narrow, ampulla narrow and indistinct from harpe, harpe large with a dorsal spine that exceeds the dorsal margin of the valva, sacculus triangular, half the width of the valva; fultura inferior “V”-shaped in posterior view with the median portion not sclerotinized and two short anterior projections (in lateral view); aedeagus slender, slightly right-turned with anterior portion more sclerotized and shorter than the posterior portion, ejaculatory bulb opening narrow and elongated, aedeagus opening right-turned with a rounded distal margin; cornuti present, comprising several small spines as illustrated for C. cumbre.
Female genitalia (Figs 47, 51, 57–58) (n=1): papilla analis rectangular with a short and downturned posterior apophysis, inserted near the dorsal margin of the papilla; eighth tergum subrectangular with a central and complete spiracular opening; sterigma sclerotized, laterally upturned with a “L”-shaped inverse ventral margin due to the opening of the ostium bursae, ventrally formed by a narrow lamella antevaginalis with a short and undeveloped sclerotized lateral plate, and a narrow lamella postvaginalis, having a wide median depression on the distal margin creating two lateral lobes, and a more sclerotized boomerang-shaped central band; ostium bursae inserted in the center of the sterigma, with an inverted spear-shaped opening; bursa copulatrix consisting of a thick membrane about nine times longer than the sterigma; ductus bursae around 3/4 of the bursa length with two large and lateral signa bands, formed by several small spicules; corpus bursae short and rounded.
Distribution and Phenology (Fig. 61). Cumbre haywardi sp. nov. is known from Andean region of northwestern Argentina (Salta and Tucumán provinces) and southeastern Peru (Pasco and Cuzco) in altitudes from 450 to 1700 m. The few specimens known were collected in January, February, May, June, August and November, suggesting that this species has several generations per year.
Etymology. The specific epithet is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Kenneth J. Hayward, a systematics of the Neotropical Hesperiidae.
Discussion. Different from the previously mentioned species, C. haywardi sp. nov. inhabits low altitude environments of the northwestern and southeastern Andes in Argentina and Peru respectively, isolated from other species of the genus. The distributional pattern of C. haywardi sp. nov. is congruent with the phylogeny for the group, and together with C. lamasi sp. nov. form a clade with an Andean related distribution (Dolibaina et al. in prep.).
The wings of this new species are longer than in C. cumbre and C. meridionalis. Nevertheless, it shares several male genitalia characters with C. cumbre, the more notable is the presence of a dorsal spine in the distal margin of the valva. This characteristic was the possible reason that Hayward (1939a), and subsequently Evans (1955), failed to recognize it as a new species, confusing it with C. cumbre. In fact, the record of C. cumbre from Argentina (Hayward 1939) is a misidentification, as C. cumbre is restricted to the eastern Brazilian region and, the locality of Cochuna river, Tucumán cited by Hayward (1939) is near the type locality of C. haywardi sp. nov..
Evans (1955) could have made the same confusion as Hayward when he mentions a record of C. cumbre in Paraguay, without specifying the locality. Therefore, it is necessary to check this specimen to verify if it has been mislabeled or misidentified.
Material examined. Holotype male with the following labels: / HOLOTYPUS / Pueblo Viejo, Ibatin, Tuc[umán]., Arg[entina] 850 m, 25-I-1970 Mielke leg/ HOLOTYPUS Cumbre haywardi Dolibaina, Mielke & Casagrande det. 2012/ BC-DZ/ DZ 3917/. The holotype is deposited at the Lepidoptera Section of the Coleção Entomológica Padre Jesus Santiago Moure, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil (DZUP).
Allotype female with the following labels: /ALLOTYPUS/ Pueblo Viejo, Ibatin, Tuc.[umán], Arg[entina] 850 m, 25-I-1970 Mielke leg/ ALLOTYPUS Cumbre haywardi Dolibaina, Mielke & Casagrande det. 2012/ gen. prep. Mielke 1990/ DZ 3916/ (DZUP). The allotype is deposited at the Lepidoptera Section of the Coleção Entomológica Padre Jesus Santiago Moure, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil (DZUP).
Paratypes: PERU— Pasco: Huancabamba (10º23’S, 75º33’W), 1700 m, 13-VIII-1975, G. Lamas leg. 1 ♂ (MUSM). Cuzco: San Pedro (13º03’S, 71º32’W), 1375 m, 10-XI-2008 M. McInnis leg. 1 ♂ (MM), (13º03’S, 71º33’W), 1400 m, 27-I-2013, M. McInnis leg. 1 ♂ (MUSM). ARGENTINA— Salta: Aguas Blancas (Rt 19 Km 8 nr. Quebrada del Remanso), 450 m, 27-II-1970, R. Eisele leg. 1 ♂ (MGCL), 18-VI-1974, R. Eisele leg. 1 ♂ and 1 ♀ (MGCL), (Km 6–8 nr. Quebrada del Remanso), 450 m, 20-V-1977, R. Eisele leg. 2 ♂ and 2 ♀ (MGCL); Oran (Baritú Lodge) 700 m, 17-XI-2003, D.L. Lindsley leg. 1 ♂ (MGCL). Tucumán: same holotype data, 1 ♂ (DZ 948); Monteros (Acheral to El Mollar, Rt. 307, km 22—above Piedras Coloradas), 731 m, R. Eisele leg. 1 ♂ (MGCL).
description: Published as part of Dolibaina, Diego Rodrigo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik & Casagrande, Mirna Martins, 2014, Taxonomic revision of Cumbre Evans, 1955 (Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae: Moncini), with the description of two new species, pp. 47-66 in Zootaxa 3841 (1) on pages 59-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3841.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/286773