cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A survey for pulsating subdwarf B stars with the Nordic Optical Telescope
Creators: name: Ostensen, R. H.
name: Oreiro, R.
name: Solheim, J. -E.
name: Heber, U.
name: Silvotti, R.
name: Gonzalez-Perez, J. M.
name: Ulla, A.
name: Perez-Hernandez, F.
name: Rodriguez-Lopez, C.
name: Telting, J. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search programme for pulsating subdwarf B stars was conducted with the Nordic Optical Telescope on La Palma over 59 nights between 1999 and 2009. The purpose of the programme was to significantly extend the number of rapidly pulsating sdB stars to better understand the properties of this new group of variable compact stars. Candidates were selected initially from the HS and HE surveys, but were supplemented with additional objects from other surveys. Short sequences of time-series photometry were made on the candidates to determine the presence of rapid pulsations. In total twenty new pulsators were found in this survey, most of which have already been published and some extensively studied. We present four new short period pulsators, bringing the total of such pulsators up to 49. We also give limits on pulsation amplitudes for 285 objects with no obvious periodic variations, summarise the results of the survey, and provide improved physical parameters on the composite pulsators for which only preliminary estimates were published earlier.
description: 17 pages, accepted for publication in A&A
MPEC 2023-K163 : 2023 KN3
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 KN3

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
BEBOP II: Sensitivity to sub-Saturn circumbinary planets using radial-velocities
Creators: name: Standing, Matthew R.
name: Triaud, Amaury H. M. J.
name: Faria, João P.
name: Martin, David V.
name: Boisse, Isabelle
name: Correia, Alexandre C. M.
name: Deleuil, Magali
name: Dransfield, Georgina
name: Gillon, Michaël
name: Hébrard, Guillaume
name: Hellier, Coel
name: Kunovac, Vedad
name: Maxted, Pierre F. L.
name: Mardling, Rosemary
name: Santerne, Alexandre
name: Sairam, Lalitha
name: Udry, Stéphane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: BEBOP is a radial-velocity survey that monitors a sample of single-lined eclipsing binaries, in search of circumbinary planets by using high-resolution spectrographs. Here, we describe and test the methods we use to identify planetary signals within the BEBOP data, and establish how we quantify our sensitivity to circumbinary planets by producing detection limits. This process is made easier and more robust by using a diffusive nested sampler. In the process of testing our methods, we notice that contrary to popular wisdom, assuming circular orbits in calculating detection limits for a radial velocity survey provides over-optimistic detection limits by up to $40\%$ in semi-amplitude with implications for all radial-velocity surveys. We perform example analyses using three BEBOP targets from our Southern HARPS survey. We demonstrate for the first time a repeated ability to reach a residual root mean squared scatter of $3~\rm m.s^{-1}$ (after removing the binary signal), and find we are sensitive to circumbinary planets with masses down to that of Neptune and Saturn, for orbital periods up to $1000~\rm days$.
description: 17 pages, 11 figures
title: Behavior of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles in Soil Pore Waters as Influenced by Soil Characteristics, Bacteria, and Wheat Roots
Creators: name: Hortin, Joshua
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: The goal of this project was to study the behavior of copper oxide nanoparticles in soil environments. Copper oxide nanoparticles have antimicrobial properties and may also be used in agricultural settings to provide a source of copper for plant health, but accidental or misapplication of these nanoparticles to soil may be damaging to the plant and its associated bacteria.
Dissolved soil organic matter that is present in soil pore waters dissolved nanoparticles, but did not dissolve the expected amounts from a geochemical model because the geochemical model did not take into account surface chemistry or coating of the nanoparticles by dissolved organic matter. Wheat grown in soil pore water increased the solubility of the nanoparticles. The nanoparticles and dissolved copper were harmful to wheat, but dissolved soil organic matter remediated a portion of the damage. These studies were conducted with Utah soils and wheat, a highly valuable Utah crop.
These results suggest that contamination of soils by copper oxide nanoparticles will be partially mitigated by the organic matter content of the soil. Producers of fertilizers and fungicides may use various forms of organic matter to deliver products that are targeted to specific plants or pathogens and avoid damage to non-target organisms.
The Synchrotron Emission Mechanism in the Recently Detected Very High Energy Radiation from the Crab Pulsar
Creators: name: George, Machabeli
name: Zaza, Osmanov
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interpretation of the recently discovered very high energy (VHE) pulsed emission from the Crab pulsar is presented. By taking into account the fact that Crab pulsar's radiation for the optical and VHE spectrum peak at the same phases, we argue that the source of this broad band emission is spatially localized. It is shown that the only mechanism providing the results of the MAGIC Cherenkov telescope, should be the synchrotron radiation. We find that in the magnetospheric electron-positron plasma, due to the cyclotron instability, the pitch angle becomes non-vanishing, which leads to the efficient synchrotron mechanism, intensifying on the light cylinder lengthscales. We also estimate the VHE radiation spectral index to be equal to -1/2.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure
LEVERAGING TRANSCRIPTOMIC ANALYSIS TO IDENTIFY TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS ORCHESTRATING CANCER PROGRESSION
Creators: name: DAS, VIVEK
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2018

description: Next generation sequencing (NGS) technology is currently employed to explore the molecular profiles associated to different biological contexts. The application of this technology provides at same time a high-resolution and global view of the genome and epigenome phenomena, enabling us to study the molecular events underlying many human diseases, including cancer. Our lab tries to exploit the utility of high throughput sequencing technologies generating genomic, transcriptomic and epigenomic data from patient's cohort to study the underlying molecular mechanisms that characterize the specific diseases and map the key regulators that can be critical targets for relevant therapeutic measures. I take the advantage of this technology to mainly understand two aggressive cancers: Ovarian Cancer (OC) and Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). OC is a leading cause of cancer-related death for which no significant therapeutic progress has been made in the last decades. Also, in this case, despite multimodal treatment its prognosis remains extremely poor. This is due to the fact that the molecular mechanisms underlying OC tumorigenesis and progression are still poorly understood (Vaughan et al., 2011). GBM is the most common and aggressive primary brain malignancy with very poor prognosis (Frattini et al., 2013). The median survival rate is of 12-15 months (Singh et al., 2012) with 5-year survival that is less than 5% despite the multimodal treatment which include surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. To this end, I will be integrating various genomic and transcriptomic analysis to define the key regulatory actors that characterize the disease progression paving. This integrated analysis has been devised in form of a computational workflow that gives way for a discovery pipeline for physiopathologically meaningful epigenetic targets that can lead to therapies.
TEORIE E SPERIMENTAZIONI SU UN NUOVO GENERE: IL ROMANZO IN ITALIA TRA FINE SETTECENTO E PRIMI DECENNI DELL'OTTOCENTO
Creators: name: GIARDINI, ARIANNA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2018

description: Il lavoro si propone di analizzare il romanzo italiano tra Settecento e primo Ottocento secondo una prospettiva di genere non evolutiva, ma che tenga conto dell?eterogeneit� e della non linearit� dei materiali della stagione presa in esame. A tal fine, dopo la ricognizione dei pi� importanti contributi critici sul tema, verr� ricostruito il dibattito teorico sviluppatosi nel corso del Settecento e del primo Ottocento, nel quale divengono centrali il confronto con le teorie aristoteliche, la scelta della prosa, la questione morale, il rapporto tra verit� e finzione e, naturalmente, le modalit� di relazione con il pubblico. Sar� cos� possibile individuare quei casi in cui la fluidit� del genere � recepita come paradigmatica, senza che ci� ne comporti una stigmatizzazione, e rilevare la presenza di alcuni aspetti tradizionalmente ascritti all?et� romantica, come la questione dell?identit� nazionale o dei limiti della cultura italiana. Lo studio si concentrer� poi sulla pratica letteraria ed in particolar modo sulle scelte dei romanzieri successivi alla prima stagione veneziana, tentando di ricondurli a un canone giustificato in sede teorica. L?analisi terr� conto del rapporto tra realt� storica rappresentata e realt� contemporanea, degli elementi paratestuali, della figura del protagonista e delle strategie adottate dai romanzieri per differenziarsi dalle opere di consumo. Infine si osserver� come vengono diversamente svolte nelle produzioni pi� letterariamente ambiziose la tematica amorosa e la tematica socio-politica, laddove l?affermarsi della seconda e il progressivo retrocedere della figura femminile assurgono a carattere distintivo dei romanzi di qualit� anche come specchio della crisi dell?epoca.
BioExcel Webinar #69: BioBB-Wfs and BioBB-API, integrated web-based platform and programmatic interface for biomolecular simulations workflows using the BioExcel Building Blocks library
Creators: name: Hospital, Adam
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: webinar

description: BioExcel Building Blocks (BioBB) is a collection of interoperable building blocks built as portable wrappers on top of common biomolecular simulation tools (see BioExcel webinar #48). The interoperable building blocks can be easily joined together assembling complex computational biomolecular workflows, and can be shared thanks to its integration with the Conda Packaging system, ensuring reproducibility. This webinar will present two different ways of using the BioBB library/workflows remotely: BioExcel Building Blocks Workflows (BioBB-Wfs), a web-based graphical user interface (GUI) offering access to a collection of transversal pre-configured biomolecular simulation workflows assembled with the BioBB library. BioExcel Building Blocks REST-API (BioBB-API), a compilation of REST API endpoints offering programmatic access to the collection of biomolecular simulation tools included in the BioBB library. Molecular Dynamics setup, docking, structure modeling, free energy simulations and flexibility analyses are examples of functionalities included in the tools presented, all of them accessible through common web browsers and REST API calls, voiding the need for tools installation (remote access).
Multiple Spectral Splits of Supernova Neutrinos
Creators: name: Dasgupta, Basudeb
name: Dighe, Amol
name: Raffelt, Georg G.
name: Smirnov, Alexei Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Collective oscillations of supernova neutrinos swap the electron neutrino and antineutrino spectra with those of another flavor in certain energy intervals bounded by sharp spectral splits. This phenomenon is far more general than previously appreciated: typically one finds one or more swaps and accompanying splits in the neutrino and antineutrino channels for both inverted and normal neutrino mass hierarchies. Depending on an instability condition, swaps develop around spectral crossings (energies where the electron neutrino or antineutrino fluxes are equal to that of another flavor, as well as infinite E where all fluxes vanish), and the widths of swaps are determined by the spectra and fluxes. Wash-out by multi-angle decoherence varies across the spectrum and splits can survive as sharp spectral features.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in PRL. Animated figures available at http://www.mppmu.mpg.de/supernova/multisplits
Additional file 10 of Endogenous bacteria inhabiting the Ophiocordyceps highlandensis during fruiting body development
Creators: name: Li, Chengpeng
name: Tang, Dexiang
name: Wang, Yuanbing
name: Fan, Qi
name: Zhang, Xiaomei
name: Cui, Xiaolong
name: Yu, Hong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 10: Table S9. Relative abundances of the bacterial phyla and classes belonging to the Proteobacteria in all the fruiting body samples. Table S10. The relative abundances of the bacterial phyla and classes belonging to the Proteobacteria in all the soil microhabitat samples. Table S11. The relative abundances of the fungal phyla in all the fruiting body samples. Table S12. The relative abundances of the fungal phyla in all the soil microhabitat samples.
title: Enhancing Ductility of One-way Concrete Slabs Reinforced With Welded Wire Reinforcement
Creators: name: Shwani, Mohamed K.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: A series of research studies have recently identified an issue called strain localization in welded wire reinforced (WWR) members. This phenomenon reportedly concentrates strains at welded cross wire locations and severely limit ductility. Those that identified the phenomenon used it to imply that WWR is unsafe because it does not warn of failure. This dissertation is investigating details to mitigate the strain localization effect and demonstrate the WWR can be used safely. A moment curvature analysis is developed using Response2000 program and calibrated using experimental data. Parametric study was developed to present a recommendation of details and minimum reinforcement required for WWR slabs. The effect of different types of WWR coating on mechanical properties were investigated. The dissertation next examined the effects of strain rate on the mechanical properties of WWR and traditional rebar.
In total, fifty four slabs have been constructed using WWR and rebar with various cross wire spacing, using a realistic design. The strain localization phenomenon was not demonstrated, but WWR slabs are somewhat less ductile than traditionally reinforced members. The WWR members were shown to provide adequate ductility for warning of impending failure visually and with a well-accepted ductility measure. The WWR members were also shown the ability of load redistribution.
The effect of coating demonstrates that both galvanizing WWR and coating WWR with epoxy has a positive effect on mechanical properties, along with adding corrosion resistance.
The effect of strain rate shows that increase in loading rate tend to increase the yield and ultimate stresses and percent area reduction, however the loading rate increase does not have a significant effect on elastic modulus, elongation and uniform elongation.
Additional file 6 of Endogenous bacteria inhabiting the Ophiocordyceps highlandensis during fruiting body development
Creators: name: Li, Chengpeng
name: Tang, Dexiang
name: Wang, Yuanbing
name: Fan, Qi
name: Zhang, Xiaomei
name: Cui, Xiaolong
name: Yu, Hong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 6: Fig. S6. Gel image for DNA extracted from soil; numbers 1–6 were collected in April and 14–19 in May. A and B were original gel image, the B was the second test result of sample 6 and 16, the sample and all procedures were same with the first test. C was processed in Power Point, numbers 1–5,14-15,17–19 of C were from A. numbers 6,16 of C were from B. Fig. S7. Gel image for DNA extracted from soil; numbers 1–6 were collected in June and 7–12 in July. A and B were original gel image, the B was the second test result of sample 4, the sample and all procedures were same with the first test. C was processed in Power Point, numbers 1–3,5–12 of C were from A, numbers 4 of C was from B. Fig. S8. Gel image for DNA extracted from soil; numbers 1–6 were collected in August. Fig. S9. Gel image for DNA extracted from soil; numbers 7–12 were collected in September. A was original gel image, B was processed in Power Point, numbers 7–12 of B were from A.
On muon energy group structure based on deflection angle for application in muon scattering tomography: A Monte Carlo study through GEANT4 simulations
Creators: name: Topuz, Ahmet Ilker
name: Kiisk, Madis
name: Giammanco, Andrea
name: Magi, Mart
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The average deflection angle of the tracked muons in the muon scattering tomography exponentially declines in function of the initial kinetic energy, the angular dependence of which provides an opportunity to set out a binary relation between the initial kinetic energy and the average deflection angle, thereby leading to a coarse energy prediction founded on the mean deflection angle in the case of experimental incapabilities or limitations. In this study, we address the problem of the muon energy classification for a tomographic system consisting of 0.4-cm plastic scintillators manufactured from polyvinyl toluene and we explore a four-group structure besides a ternary partitioning between 0.25 and 8 GeV. In the first instance, we determine the deflection angles by tracking the hit locations in the detector layers on the sub-divided uniform energy intervals through the GEANT4 simulations. In the latter step, we express two misclassification probabilities where the first approach assumes a symmetrical linear propagation bounded by one standard deviation in one dimension, whereas the second procedure employs a positively defined modified Gaussian distribution that governs the overlapping area in two dimensions. In the final stage, we compare qualitatively and quantitatively the adjacent energy groups by using the computed misclassification probabilities. In the absence of any further data manipulation, we explicitly show that the misclassification probabilities increase when the number of energy groups augments. Furthermore, we also conclude that it is feasible to benefit from the mean deflection angle to roughly estimate the muon energies up to four energy groups by taking the misclassification probabilities into consideration, while the classification viability significantly diminishes when the partition number exceeds four on the basis of standard deviation.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables, RAP21
Approccio pedagogico alla dimensione partecipativa per l’integrazione tra  saperi materiali e immateriali
Creators: name: Del Gobbo, Giovanna
Publisher: name: Studi sulla Formazione
Year: 2011

description: The present contribution is placed in the frame of international research project (Italy, Brazil, Cuba, Guatemala, Nicaragua) that, from 2006 until 2010 with the involvement of ten Universities, developed the elaboration and the application of interdisciplinary theoretical and methodological models for the analysis and the valorization of human capital and territorial patrimony for the endogenous sustainable development.  In the Project, the appeal to heuristic methodologies, for experiences’ analysis, has allowed to individualize interpretative categories that can represent criterions for transfer and dissemination of the research outputs. The dimension of “participation” appears surely an interesting category, especially if it is in relationship to the idea of development of the communities and the subjects. The contribution, further to a theoretical-methodological reflection on the “participation”, introduces the analysis of a research experience in the Mayan communities of Guatemala.
description: Studi sulla Formazione, Anno XIII, II-2010
DPU: DAG Processing Unit for Irregular Graphs with Precision-Scalable Posit Arithmetic in 28nm
Creators: name: Shah, Nimish
name: Olascoaga, Laura Isabel Galindez
name: Zhao, Shirui
name: Meert, Wannes
name: Verhelst, Marian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Computation in several real-world applications like probabilistic machine learning, sparse linear algebra, and robotic navigation, can be modeled as irregular directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). The irregular data dependencies in DAGs pose challenges to parallel execution on general-purpose CPUs and GPUs, resulting in severe under-utilization of the hardware. This paper proposes DPU, a specialized processor designed for the efficient execution of irregular DAGs. The DPU is equipped with parallel compute units that execute different subgraphs of a DAG independently. The compute units can synchronize within a cycle using a hardware-supported synchronization primitive, and communicate via an efficient interconnect to a global banked scratchpad. Furthermore, a precision-scalable posit arithmetic unit is developed to enable application-dependent precision. The DPU is taped-out in 28nm CMOS, achieving a speedup of 5.1$\times$ and 20.6$\times$ over state-of-the-art CPU and GPU implementations on DAGs of sparse linear algebra and probabilistic machine learning workloads. This performance is achieved while operating at a power budget of 0.23W, as opposed to 55W and 98W of the CPU and GPU, resulting in a peak efficiency of 538 GOPS/W with DPU, which is 1350$\times$ and 9000$\times$ higher than the CPU and GPU, respectively. Thus, with specialized architecture, DPU enables low-power execution of irregular DAG workloads.
description: IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits
Solvent effect on the position of Olefin equilibrations and additivity of free energy contributions of vicinal groups
Creators: name: Kaushal, Dharam Paul
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The effect of solvent: on the equilibrium position for a number of cis-trans pairs of di- and trisubstituted haloethylenes and unsaturated nitriles have been investigated in carbon tetrachloride and pentane by the photo-induced bromine-catalyzed reaction. These equilibrium values have been compared to the values for neat samples. In all cases it has been observed that the proportion of the more polar isomer (higher dipole moment) of a pair of isomers decreased and the proportion of the less polar isomer increased in the non-polar solvents. The bromine-catalyzed equilibrium data for nine 1,2-disubstituted olefins (having Br, Cl, CN, CH₃ groups) have been obtained as neat and as 10% solutions in carbon tetrachloride and pentane at room temperature. The data thus obtained have been used to calculate the expected equilibrium position for nineteen trisubstituted olefins, assuming, as did Gardner and McGreer (45), that interactions which are present in nine 1,2-disubstituted olefins can be combined in a linear free energy sense. In eleven of the twelve olefins equilibrated, the agreement between the calculated and the experimental values has been found to be good. The equilibrium data for some unsaturated nitriles and unsaturated esters have been achieved catalytically (Br₂ / CCl₄) or thermally. For these olefins it has been found that their equilibrium positions may be attributed to many factors. These factors are: I) a steric effect involving only traditional steric interactions between bulkier groups; II) an attractive nonbonded interaction which is present between many groups; III) a polar repulsive term involving electrostatic repulsive interactions between polar groups; and IV) a conjugative stabilization effect where conjugative stabilization by resonance is greater in trans isomer than in cis isomer, when the carbonyl group is markedly sensitive to steric effects of cis substituents. It has been observed in this study that steric factors are dominant for equilibria of the unsaturated esters and polar effects mainly are dominant for equilibria of the nitriles.
Conditions for the approximate correction of algebras
Creators: name: Bény, Cédric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the approximate correctability of general algebras of observables, which represent hybrid quantum-classical information. This includes approximate quantum error correcting codes and subsystems codes. We show that the main result of arXiv:quant-ph/0605009 yields a natural generalization of the Knill-Laflamme conditions in the form of a dimension independent estimate of the optimal reconstruction error for a given encoding, measured using the trace-norm distance to a noiseless channel.
description: Related to a talk given at TQC 2009 in Waterloo
BioExcel Webinar #68: What's new in GROMACS 2023
Creators: name: Hess, Berk
name: Páll, Szilárd
name: Alekseenko, Andrey
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: webinar

description: In this webinar we will give an overview of the new features that have been included in the recently released 2023 version of GROMACS. We will present many improvements related to performance on GPUs, in particular a new SYCL backend targeting AMD and Intel GPUs, (experimental) support for the new CUDA graphs framework and parallel PME decomposition on GPUs.
Chromospheric Anemone Jets as Evidence of Ubiquitous Reconnection
Creators: name: Shibata, Kazunari
name: Nakamura, Tahei
name: Matsumoto, Takuma
name: Otsuji, Kenichi
name: Okamoto, Takenori J.
name: Nishizuka, Naoto
name: Kawate, Tomoko
name: Watanabe, Hiroko
name: Nagata, Shin'ichi
name: UeNo, Satoru
name: Kitai, Reizaburo
name: Nozawa, Satoshi
name: Tsuneta, Saku
name: Suematsu, Yoshinori
name: Ichimoto, Kiyoshi
name: Shimizu, Toshifumi
name: Katsukawa, Yukio
name: Tarbell, Theodore D.
name: Berger, Thomas E.
name: Lites, Bruce W.
name: Shine, Richard A.
name: Title, Alan M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The heating of the solar chromosphere and corona is a long-standing puzzle in solar physics. Hinode observations show the ubiquitous presence of chromospheric anemone jets outside sunspots in active regions. They are typically 3 to 7 arc seconds = 2000 to 5000 kilometers long and 0.2 to 0.4 arc second = 150 to 300 kilometers wide, and their velocity is 10 to 20 kilometers per second. These small jets have an inverted Y-shape, similar to the shape of x-ray anemone jets in the corona. These features imply that magnetic reconnection similar to that in the corona is occurring at a much smaller spatial scale throughout the chromosphere and suggest that the heating of the solar chromosphere and corona may be related to small-scale ubiquitous reconnection.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
title: Mesospheric Temperature Climatology Above Utah State University
Creators: name: Herron, Joshua P.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2004

description: A Rayleigh-scatter lidar has been in operation at Utah State University (41. 7° N, 111.8 ° W) starting in September 1993 until the present (October 2003). The return profiles from the atmosphere have been analyzed to provide temperature measurements of the middle atmosphere from 45 to 90 km. Various methods of averaging were used to construct a temperature climatology of the region based on these observations. The data analysis algorithm has been critically analyzed to find possible sources of error, and has been compared to an independently derived technique. The resulting temperatures have been compared to other mid-latitude lidars with good agreement. Comparisons were made with temperatures from other ground-based instruments at Bear Lake Observatory. Additional comparisons were carried out with two satellite-based instruments, WINDII and SABER The comparison of individual nights with the SABER instrument produced surprisingly good agreement considering the difference in the two methods. With the basic analysis of the temperature climatology completed in this work, an outline is given for future research and upgrades to the facility.
title: Water Surface Impact and Ricochet of Deformable Elastomeric Spheres
Creators: name: Hurd, Randy Craig
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: Soft and deformable silicone rubber spheres ricochet from a water surface when rigid spheres and disks (or skipping stones) cannot. This dissertation investigates why these objects are able to skip so successfully. High speed cameras allow us to see that these unique spheres deform significantly as they impact the water surface, flattening into pancake-like shapes with greater area. Though the water entry behavior of deformable spheres deviates from that of rigid spheres, our research shows that if this deformation is accounted for, their behavior can be predicted from previously established methods. Soft spheres skip more easily because they deform significantly when impacting the water surface. We present a diagram which enables the prediction of a ricochet from sphere impact conditions such as speed and angle. Experiments and mathematical representations of the sphere skipping both show that these deformable spheres skip more readily because deformation momentarily increases sphere area and produces an attack angle with the water which is favorable to skipping. Predictions from our mathematical representation of sphere skipping agree strongly with observations from experiments. Even when a sphere was allowed to skip multiple times in the laboratory, the mathematical predictions show good agreement with measured impact conditions through subsequent skipping events. While studying multiple impact events in an outdoor setting, we discovered a previously unidentified means of skipping, which is unique to deformable spheres. This new skipping occurs when a relatively soft sphere first hits the water at a high speed and low impact angle and the sphere begins to rotate very quickly. This quick rotation causes the sphere to stretch into a shape similar to an American football and maintain this shape while it spins. The sphere is observed to move nearly parallel with the water surface with the tips of this “football” dipping into the water as it rotates and the sides passing just over the surface. This sequence of rapid impact events give the impression that the sphere is walking across the water surface.
The magnetic form factor of iron in SrFe2As2
Creators: name: Lee, Y.
name: Vaknin, David
name: Li, Haifeng
name: Tian, Wei
name: Zarestky, Jerel L.
name: Ni, N.
name: Bud'ko, S. L.
name: Canfield, P. C.
name: McQueeney, R. J.
name: Harmon, B. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The iron magnetic form factor in SrFe2As2 has been determined by neutron diffraction and by density functional theory (DFT). As noted previously, the magnitude of the calculated moment using DFT is sensitive to the Fe-As distance. However, the shape of the calculated form factor is practically insensitive to the Fe-As distance, and further we show that the form factor closely resembles that of bcc iron, and agrees well with experiment. The spin density exhibits some anisotropy due to geometry and As hybridization.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, accepted by PRB Rapid Communication
title: Measurement of Agriculture-Related Air Pollutant Emissions using Point and Remote Sensors
Creators: name: Moore, Kori D.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: Measuring air pollution emissions from agricultural activities is usually difficult because of their large area and variability. Traditional air quality sensors, called point samplers, measure conditions in one location, which may not adequately measure a plume. Remote sensors, instruments that measure pollution along a line rather than at a single point, are better able to measure conditions around large areas. This dissertation reports on four agricultural air emissions studies that used both point and remote sensors for comparison. The methods used to calculate the emissions are based on previous work and are further developed in these studies. In particular, an atmospheric dispersion model was developed and tested that can account for a particle behaving different than the surrounding gas due to gravity and inertia and depositing out of the flow. Particulate matter (PM) emissions values are reported for two agricultural tillage conservation management practices (CMPs)and the corresponding traditional tillage methods in order to determine how well the CMP reduces emissions. In addition, gas-phase ammonia (NH3) emissions for a dairy operation and PM emissions from a feedlot operation are reported. These studies can help us better measure emissions from agricultural operations and understand how much air pollution is being emitted.
Additional file 4 of Endogenous bacteria inhabiting the Ophiocordyceps highlandensis during fruiting body development
Creators: name: Li, Chengpeng
name: Tang, Dexiang
name: Wang, Yuanbing
name: Fan, Qi
name: Zhang, Xiaomei
name: Cui, Xiaolong
name: Yu, Hong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 4: Fig. S4. Distinct taxonomic composition among groups during O. highlandensis maturation. An LDA score (−log 10) above 3.5 was considered statistically significant.
Simulation nnnumérique discrète et comportement mécanique des matériaux granulaires
Creators: name: Roux, Jean-Noël
name: Chevoir, François
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As a complementary tool to laboratory experiments, discrete numerical simulation, applied to granular materials, provides valuable information on the grain and contact scale microstructure, thereby enabling one to better understand the microscopic origin of macroscopic mechanical behaviours. We first introduce different simulation methods, which we regard as techniques for numerical experimentation, in connection with micromechanical models for intergranular contacts. We lay special emphasis on the important issue of sample representativity and stress the usefulness of dimensional analysis in the definition of relevant control parameters. We then apply this approach to two important rheological regimes of granular systems: solid-like, slowly strained granular materials, which might be ruled by elastoplastic constitutive relations; and liquid-like, dense granular flows, either confined or with a free surface, described by suitable friction and dilatancy laws
description: Article in French. A free English translation is available on the web site of the journal : http://www.lcpc.fr/en/sources/blpc/index.php
Do Households Anchor their Inflation Expectations? Theory and Evidence from a Household Survey
Creators: name: Easaw, Joshy
name: Golinelli, Roberto
name: Malgarini, Marco
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2012
Subjects: SECS-P/05 Econometria

description: The purpose of the present paper is to study how households form inflation expectations. Using a novel survey-base dataset of Italian households’ opinions of inflation we investigate two separate, but related, types of behavior: ‘inattentiveness’ and ‘anchoring’. The present analysis extends the existing literature by incorporating explicitly inflation targets and distinguishing between aggregate and disaggregate dynamics based on demographic groups. In addition, we extend the literature by considering both the short- and long-run dynamics as households update their inflation expectations while also accounting for their state-varying behavior. All these issues provide important insights into understanding actual inflation dynamics and the conduct of monetary policy.
Thermal Conductivity measurements of macroscopic frozen Salt Ice analogs of Jovian Icy moons in support of the planned JUICE mission
Creators: name: Díaz, Cristóbal González
name: Secanellas, Sofia Aparicio
name: Caro, Guillermo M. Muñoz
name: Velayos, José Javier Anaya
name: Carrascosa, Hector
name: Hernández, Margarita G.
name: Muñoz-Iglesias, Victoria
name: Marcos-Fernández, Ángel
name: Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga
name: Lorente, Rosario
name: Witasse, Olivier
name: Altobelli, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The study of thermal properties of frozen salt solutions representative of ice layers in Jovian moons is crucial to support the JUpiter ICy moons Explorer (JUICE) (ESA) and Europa Clipper (NASA) missions, which will be launched in the upcoming years to make detailed observations of the giant gaseous planet Jupiter and three of its largest moons (Ganymede, Europa, and Callisto), due to the scarcity of experimental measurements. Therefore, we have conducted a set of experiments to measure and study the thermal conductivity of macroscopic frozen salt solutions of particular interest in these regions, including sodium chloride (NaCl), magnesium sulphate (MgSO$_4$), sodium sulphate (Na$_2$SO$_4$), and magnesium chloride (MgCl$_2$). Measurements were performed at atmospheric pressure and temperatures from 0 to -70$^{\circ}$C in a climatic chamber. Temperature and calorimetry were measured during the course of the experiments. An interesting side effect of these measurements is that they served to spot phase changes in the frozen salt solutions, even for very low salt concentrations. A small sample of the liquid salt-water solution was set aside for the calorimetry measurements. These experiments and the measurements of thermal conductivity and calorimetry will be valuable to constrain the chemical composition, physical state, and temperature of the icy crusts of Ganymede, Europa, and Callisto.
title: Impacts of Distributions and Trajectories on Navigation Uncertainty Using Line-of-Sight Measurements to Known Landmarks in GPS-Denied Environments
Creators: name: Lamoreaux, Ryan D.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: Unmanned vehicles are increasingly common in our world today. Self-driving ground vehicles and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) such as quadcopters have become the fastest growing area of automated vehicles research. These systems use three main processes to autonomously travel from one location to another: guidance, navigation, and controls (GNC). Guidance refers to the process of determining a desired path of travel or trajectory, affecting velocities and orientations. Examples of guidance activities include path planning and obstacle avoidance. Effective guidance decisions require knowledge of one’s current location. Navigation systems typically answer questions such as: “Where am I? What is my orientation? How fast am I going?” Finally, the process is tied together when controls are implemented. Controls use navigation estimates (e.g., “Where I am now?”) and the desired trajectory from guidance processes (e.g., “Where do I want to be?”) to control the moving parts of the system to accomplish relevant goals.
Navigation in autonomous vehicles involves intelligently combining information from several sensors to produce accurate state estimations. To date, global positioning systems(GPS) occupy a crucial place in most navigation systems. However, GPS is not universally reliable. Even when available, GPS can be easily spoofed or jammed, rendering it useless. Thus, navigation within GPS-denied environments is an area of deep interest in both military and civilian applications. Image-aided inertial navigation is an alternative navigational solution in GPS-denied environments. One form of image-aided navigation measures the bearing from the vehicle to a feature or landmark of known location using a single lens imager, such as a camera, to deduce information about the vehicle’s position and attitude.
This work uncovers and explores several of the impacts of trajectories and land mark distributions on the navigation information gained from this type of aiding measurement. To do so, a modular system model and extended Kalman filter (EKF) are described and implemented. A quadrotor system model is first presented. This model is implemented and then used to produce sensor data for several trajectories of varying shape, altitude, and landmark density. Next, navigation data is produced by running the sensor data through an EKF. The data is plotted and examined to determine effects of each variable. These effects are then explained. Finally, an equation describing the quantity of information in each measurement is derived and related to the patterns seen in the data. The resulting equation is then used to explain selected patterns in the data. Other uses of this equation are presented, including applications to path planning and landmark placement.
The evolution of cosmic ray electrons in the cosmic web: seeding by AGN, star formation and shocks
Creators: name: Vazza, F.
name: Gheller, C.
name: Zanetti, F
name: Tsizh, M.
name: Carretti, E.
name: Mtchedlidze, S.
name: Brueggen, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several processes in the Universe convert a fraction of gas kinetic energy into the acceleration of relativistic electrons, making them observable at radio wavelengths, or contributing to a dormant reservoir of low-energy cosmic rays in cosmic structures. We present a new suite of cosmological simulations, with simple galaxy formation models calibrated to work at a specific spatial resolution, tailored to study all most important processes of injection of relativistic electrons in evolving large-sale structures: accretion and merger shocks, feedback from active galactic nuclei and winds from star forming regions. We also follow the injection of magnetic fields by active galactic nuclei and star formation, and compute the observational signatures of these mechanisms. We find that the injection of cosmic ray electrons by shocks is the most volume filling process, and that it also dominates the energy density of fossil relativistic electrons in halos. The combination of the seeding mechanisms studied in this work, regardless of the uncertainties related to physical or numerical uncertainties, is more than enough to fuel large-scale radio emissions with a large amount of seed fossil electrons. We derive an approximated formula to predict the number of fossil cosmic ray electrons injected by z=0 by the total activity of shocks, AGN and star formation in the volume of halos. By looking at the maximum possible contribution to the magnetisation of the cosmic web by all our simulated sources, we conclude that galaxy formation-related processes, alone, cannot explain the values of Faraday Rotation of background polarised sources recently detected using LOFAR.
description: 31 pages, 30 figures, Astronomy & Astrophysics
title: The Investigation of Gravity Waves in the Mesosphere / Lower Thermosphere and Their Effect on Sporadic Sodium Layer
Creators: name: Cai, Xuguang
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: Gravity waves in the atmosphere are the waves with gravity and buoyancy force as the restoring forces. Gravity waves will significantly impact the Mesosphere Lower / Thermosphere (MLT), and the breaking of gravity waves is the key factor to cause the cool summer and warm winter in the Mesopause region. Therefore, it is important for us to investigate gravity waves. In this dissertation, we mainly use USU Na lidar data to explore gravity waves in the MLT. The exploration is made up of two projects. One is the investigation of gravity wave breaking and the associated dynamic instability by USU Na Lidar and Advanced Mesosphere Temperature Mapper (AMTM). Another is the calculation of gravity wave temperature perturbations and potential energy density by least-squares fitting based on the data from the full-diurnal cycle observation of Na lidar. The sporadic sodium layer is the sharp increase of Na density in a small vertical range (several kilometers) above the Na main layer in the MLT. The formation of the sporadic sodium layer above 100 km remains unknown until now. Here we will investigate the mechanism of the generation of sporadic sodium layer using numeric modeling, including the effect of tide and gravity wave on the variation of Na density.
Coupled magnetic plasmons in metamaterials
Creators: name: Liu, H.
name: Liu, Y. M.
name: Li, T.
name: Wang, S. M.
name: Zhu, S. N.
name: Zhang, X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic metamaterials consist of magnetic resonators smaller in size than their excitation wavelengths. Their unique electromagnetic properties were characterized by the effective media theory at the early stage. However, the effective media model does not take into account the interactions between magnetic elements; thus, the effective properties of bulk metamaterials are the result of the "averaged effect" of many uncoupled resonators. In recent years, it has been shown that the interaction between magnetic resonators could lead to some novel phenomena and interesting applications that do not exist in conventional uncoupled metamaterials. In this paper, we will give a review of recent developments in magnetic plasmonics arising from the coupling effect in metamaterials. For the system composed of several identical magnetic resonators, the coupling between these units produces multiple discrete resonance modes due to hybridization. In the case of a system comprising an infinite number of magnetic elements, these multiple discrete resonances can be extended to form a continuous frequency band by strong coupling. This kind of broadband and tunable magnetic metamaterial may have interesting applications. Many novel metamaterials and nanophotonic devices could be developed from coupled resonator systems in the future.
description: 10 papges, 10 figures, It is a review paper about coupled magnetic metamaterials