cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Contributions of Private Security Companies to Security Oversight at Local and National Levels: the Case of Bole Sub-city, Addis Ababa Ethiopia
Creators: name: Negash, Taffese
Publisher: name: Ethiopian Journal of Police Studies
Year: 2024

description: Private security companies play vital role in local and national security, especially by enhancing public safety and improve security in communities. The objective of the study was to assess the contributions of private security companies to security oversight at the local and national levels: the case of Bole Sub-city. To address the objectives of the study, exploratory research design was used. The study is qualitative by research design and participants of the study were selected using purposive sampling technique. Both primary and secondary methods were used in the data collection. The researcher used participants from private security companies, Addis Ababa Peace and Security Office and Police Officials. The data collected from participants through interview and document review were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings of the study show that the contributions of private security companies have been so enormous which among others include support law enforcement, reporting on incidents and calls, and enhance public safety by creating conducive environment. Indeed, these were achieved all through commendably guided coordination between police and private security companies on the area of crime prevention, training, sharing criminal pertinent data with the police. However, findings of the study also unveil that the cooperation were challenged by lack of continuous information sharing, lack of standardized training, lack of clear rule and regulations, lack of insurance and social benefits for guards which are identified as major problem. The study recommends that enhancing security oversight effectiveness by establishing rules, enhancing training, developing trust, and sharing information, improving payment systems and updating social benefits for private security personnel.
description: Ethiopian Journal of Police Studies, Vol. 1 No. 1 (2024): Ethiopian Journal of Police Studies
From predicting to learning dissipation from pair correlations of active liquids
Creators: name: Rassolov, Gregory
name: Tociu, Laura
name: Fodor, Étienne
name: Vaikuntanathan, Suriyanarayanan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Active systems, which are driven out of equilibrium by local non-conservative forces, can adopt unique behaviors and configurations. An important challenge in the design of novel materials which utilize such properties is to precisely connect the static structure of active systems to the dissipation of energy induced by the local driving. Here, we use tools from liquid-state theories and machine learning to take on this challenge. We first demonstrate analytically for an isotropic active matter system that dissipation and pair correlations are closely related when driving forces behave like an active temperature. We then extend a nonequilibrium mean-field framework for predicting these pair correlations, which unlike most existing approaches is applicable even for strongly interacting particles and far from equilibrium, to predicting dissipation in these systems. Based on this theory, we reveal a robust analytic relation between dissipation and structure which holds even as the system approaches a nonequilibrium phase transition. Finally, we construct a neural network which maps static configurations of particles to their dissipation rate without any prior knowledge of the underlying dynamics. Our results open novel perspectives on the interplay between dissipation and organization out-of-equilibrium.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
Megachile (Sayapis) pugnata subsp. pugnata pugnata Say 1837
Creators: name: Gibbs, Jason
name: Ascher, John S.
name: Rightmyer, Molly G.
name: Isaacs, Rufus
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Megachile
Megachile pugnata
Megachile (sayapis) pugnata pugnata say 1837

description: Megachile (Sayapis) pugnata pugnata Say 1837
County records: Allegan, Barry, Berrien, Cass, Cheboygan, Clinton, Dickinson, Eaton, Emmet, Gladwin, Gogebic, Gratiot, Ingham, Iron, Jackson, Kalamazoo, Kalkaska, Kent, Keweenaw, Lake, Lapeer, Livingston, Macomb, Mecosta, Midland, Monroe, Montmorency, Oakland, Otsego, Ottawa, Roscommon, Saginaw, St. Joseph, Van Buren, Washtenaw, Wayne.
Notes. Specialist on Asteraceae. This cavity-nester has been studied in Wisconsin (Medler 1964a; Medler & Lussenhop 1968). In Utah, it has been explored for its potential as a managed pollinator of commercial sunflower (Tepedino & Frohlich 1982). Megachile pugnata is commonly found in trap-nests placed in both MSU campus, East Lansing, Michigan and prairie restorations in the LP (JG, pers. obs.).
description: Published as part of Gibbs, Jason, Ascher, John S., Rightmyer, Molly G. & Isaacs, Rufus, 2017, The bees of Michigan (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), with notes on distribution, taxonomy, pollination, and natural history, pp. 1-160 in Zootaxa 4352 (1) on page 111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4352.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1063854
Supervision, mentorship and peer networks: how Estonian early career researchers get (or fail to get) support
Creators: name: Eigi, Jaana
name: Velbaum, Katrin
name: Lõhkivi, Endla
name: Simm, Kadri
name: Kokkov, Kristin
Publisher: name: RT. A Journal on Research Policy and Evaluation
Year: 2018
Subjects: early career; PhD student; supervision; mentorship; support network

description: The paper analyses issues related to supervision and support of early career researchers in Estonian academia. We use nine focus groups interviews conducted in 2015 with representatives of social sciences in order to identify early career researchers’ needs with respect to support, frustrations they may experience, and resources they may have for addressing them. Our crucial contribution is the identification of wider support networks of peers and colleagues that may compensate, partially or even fully, for failures of official supervision. On the basis of our analysis we argue that support for early career researchers should take into account the resources they already possess but also recognise the importance of wider academic culture, including funding and employment patterns, and the roles of supervisors and senior researchers in ensuring successful functioning of support networks. Through analysing the conditions for the development of early career researchers – producers of knowledge – our paper contributes to social epistemology understood as analysis of specific forms of social organisation of knowledge production.
description: RT. A Journal on Research Policy and Evaluation, V. 6, N. 1 (2018): Research Policy: Insights from Social Epistemology
Invention through bricolage: epistemic engineering in scientific communities
Creators: name: Gillett, Alexander James
Publisher: name: RT. A Journal on Research Policy and Evaluation
Year: 2018
Subjects: Social Structure of Scientific Communities; Virtual collaboration; Interdisciplinarity; Cognitive diversity

description: It is widely recognised that knowledge accumulation is an important aspect of scientific communities. In this essay, drawing on a range of material from theoretical biology and behavioural science, I discuss a particular aspect of the intergenerational nature of human communities – “virtual collaboration” (Tomasello 1999) – and how it can lead to epistemic progress without any explicit intentional creativity (Henrich 2016). My aim in this paper is to make this work relevant to theorists working on the social structures of science so that these processes can be utilised and optimised in scientific communities.
description: RT. A Journal on Research Policy and Evaluation, V. 6, N. 1 (2018): Research Policy: Insights from Social Epistemology
Diamonds on the Hat: globular clusters in the Sombrero galaxy (M104)
Creators: name: Harris, Wlliam E.
name: Spitler, Lee R.
name: Forbes, Duncan
name: Bailin, Jeremy
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: Images from the Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for surveys are used to carry out a new photometric study of the globular clusters (GCs) in M104, the Sombrero galaxy. The primary focus of our study is the characteristic distribution function of linear sizes [size distribution function (SDF)] of the GCs. We measure the effective radii for 652 clusters with point spread function-convolved King and Wilson dynamical model fits. The SDF is remarkably similar to those measured for other large galaxies of all types, adding strong support to the view that it is a 'universal' feature of GC systems. We use the Sombrero and Milky Way data and the formation models of Baumgardt & Kroupa (2007) to develop a more general interpretation of the SDF for GCs. We propose that the shape of the SDF that we see today for GCs is strongly influenced by the early rapid mass loss during their star-forming stage, coupled with stochastic differences from cluster to cluster in the star formation efficiency (SFE) and their initial sizes. We find that the observed SDF shape can be accurately predicted by a simple model in which the protocluster clouds had characteristic sizes of 0.9 ± 0.1 pc and SFEs of 0.3 ± 0.07 . The colours and luminosities of the M104 clusters show the clearly defined classic bimodal form. The blue sequence exhibits a mass/metallicity relation, following a scaling of heavy-element abundance with luminosity of Z∼L0.3 very similar to what has been found in most giant elliptical galaxies. A quantitative self-enrichment model provides a good first-order match to the data for the same initial SFE and protocluster size that were required to explain the SDF. We also discuss various forms of the GC Fundamental Plane of structural parameters and show that useful tests of it can be extended to galaxies beyond the Local Group. The M104 clusters strongly resemble those of the Milky Way and other nearby systems in terms of such test quantities as integrated surface density and binding energy.
Uniform stability for a spatially-discrete, subdiffusive Fokker-Planck equation
Creators: name: McLean, William
name: Mustapha, Kassem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 26A33

description: We prove stability estimates for the spatially discrete, Galerkin solution of a fractional Fokker-Planck equation, improving on previous results in several respects. Our main goal is to establish that the stability constants are bounded uniformly in the fractional diffusion exponent $α\in(0,1]$. In addition, we account for the presence of an inhomogeneous term and show a stability estimate for the gradient of the Galerkin solution. As a by-product, the proofs of error bounds for a standard finite element approximation are simplified.
description: 19 pages
Xanthosarus Robertson
Creators: name: Gibbs, Jason
name: Ascher, John S.
name: Rightmyer, Molly G.
name: Isaacs, Rufus
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Xanthosarus

description: Subgenus Xanthosarus Robertson
Revision: Mitchell (1936a).
description: Published as part of Gibbs, Jason, Ascher, John S., Rightmyer, Molly G. & Isaacs, Rufus, 2017, The bees of Michigan (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), with notes on distribution, taxonomy, pollination, and natural history, pp. 1-160 in Zootaxa 4352 (1) on page 111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4352.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1063854
Anomalies and symmetric mass generation for Kaehler-Dirac fermions
Creators: name: Butt, Nouman
name: Catterall, Simon
name: Pradhan, Arnab
name: Toga, Goksu Can
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that massless Kaehler-Dirac (KD) fermions exhibit a mixed gravitational anomaly involving an exact $U(1)$ symmetry which is unique to KD fields. Under this $U(1)$ symmetry the partition function transforms by a phase depending only on the Euler character of the background space. Compactifying flat space to a sphere we learn that the anomaly vanishes in odd dimensions but breaks the symmetry down to $Z_4$ in even dimensions. This $Z_4$ is sufficient to prohibit bilinear terms from arising in the fermionic effective action. Four fermion terms are allowed but require multiples of two flavors of KD field. In four dimensional flat space each KD field can be decomposed into four Dirac spinors and hence these anomaly constraints ensure that eight Dirac fermions or, for real representations, sixteen Majorana fermions are needed for a consistent interacting theory. These constraints on fermion number agree with known results for topological insulators and recent work on discrete anomalies rooted in the Dai-Freed theorem. Our work suggests that KD fermions may offer an independent path to understanding these constraints. Finally we point out that this anomaly survives intact under discretization and hence is relevant in understanding recent numerical results on lattice models possessing massive symmetric phases.
description: 8 pages. Minor corrections
Managing the Future Imaginary: Does ‘Post-Normal’ Science need Public Relations?
Creators: name: MacFarlane, James Michael
Publisher: name: RT. A Journal on Research Policy and Evaluation
Year: 2018
Subjects: post-normal science; anticipatory governance; science and technology studies; public engagement; technology assessment

description: Contemporary conditions of so-called ‘post-normal’ science characterised by fundamental uncertainty and high decision stakes have been met by the call for an ‘extended peer community’ to include a full range potential stakeholders in the assessment and evaluation of future research policy (Functowicz and Ravetz, 1993; 1994). Correspondingly, the term ‘Anticipatory Governance’ (AG) has entered currency within Science and Technology Studies (STS) circles, where the phrase refers sympathetically to the fields involvement with an array of novel practices routinely carried-out in the name of increasingly public-focused, conscientious management of emerging science and technology.
Existing literature in this area has typically focused on perceived benefits of social-scientist driven AG as ‘Real Time Technology Assessment’ (RTTA), rather than address how such participation — in line with STS’s contemporary post-social, object-centred, anti-normative research character — relates to a lack of institutional protection for most STS practitioners today. I argue the activities of social science researchers enrolled in AG-styled programmes appears to closely resemble those of PR professionals, and as such, in today’s knowledge economy the field could have much to gain by turning to clarify and formalise the unique cognitive-base and normative horizons befitting of a closed occupational group. I suggest an occupational restructuring in line with the ‘professional project’ (Macdonald, 1995) could bring about increased autonomy for STS practitioners, as well as purposeful direction for future research.
description: RT. A Journal on Research Policy and Evaluation, V. 6, N. 1 (2018): Research Policy: Insights from Social Epistemology
Social Epistemology at Work:  from Philosophical Theory to Policy Advice
Creators: name: Petrovich, Eugenio
name: Viola, Marco
Publisher: name: RT. A Journal on Research Policy and Evaluation
Year: 2018
Subjects: social epistemology; philosophy of science; science policy

description: Introduction
description: RT. A Journal on Research Policy and Evaluation, V. 6, N. 1 (2018): Research Policy: Insights from Social Epistemology
Bridging the gap between low- and high-mass dwarf galaxies
Creators: name: Forbes, Duncan
name: Spitler, Lee R.
name: Graham, Alister
name: Foster, Caroline
name: Hau, G. K. T.
name: Benson, Andrew
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 510103
subject: Cosmology and extragalactic astronomy

description: While the dark matter content within the most-massive giant and smallest dwarf galaxies has been probed – spanning a range of over one million in mass – an important observational gap remains for galaxies of intermediate mass. This gap covers K-band magnitudes of approximately −16 > MK > −18 mag (for which dwarf galaxies have B−K∼ 2). On the high-mass side of the gap are dwarf elliptical (dE) galaxies that are dominated by stars in their inner regions. While the low-mass side includes dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxies that are dark matter dominated and ultracompact dwarf (UCD) objects that are star-dominated. Evolutionary pathways across the gap have been suggested but remain largely untested because the ‘gap’ galaxies are faint, making dynamical measurements very challenging. With long exposures on the Keck telescope using the Echelle Spectrograph and Imager instrument, we have succeeded in bridging this gap by measuring the dynamical mass for five dwarf galaxies with MK& 8764;−17.5 (MB∼−15.5). With the exception of our brightest dwarf galaxy, they possess relatively flat velocity dispersion profiles of around 20 km s−1. By examining their 2D scaling relations and 3D fundamental manifold, we found that the sizes and velocity dispersions of these gap galaxies reveal continuous trends from dE to dSph galaxies. We conclude that low-luminosity dE galaxies are dominated by stars, not by dark matter, within their half light radii. This finding can be understood if internal feedback processes are operating most efficiently in gap galaxies, gravitationally heating the centrally located dark matter to larger radii, whereas external environmental processes, which can strip away stars, have a greater influence on dSph galaxies, resulting in their higher dark matter fractions. UCD objects appear to be more similar to massive compact star clusters than to small galaxies. Our dynamical study of low-mass dE galaxies provides further constraints on the processes that shape some of the smallest and most-numerous galaxies in the Universe.
Multiplexed structured illumination super-resolution imaging with time-domain upconversion nanoparticles
Creators: name: Liu, Baolei
name: Liao, Jiayan
name: Song, Yiliao
name: Lu, Jie
name: Zhou, Jiajia
name: Wang, Fan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The emerging optical multiplexing within nanoscale shows super-capacity in encoding information by using the time-domain fingerprints from uniform nanoparticles. However, the optical diffraction limit compromises the decoding throughput and accuracy of the nanoparticles during wide-field imaging. This, in turn, challenges the quality of nanoparticles to afford the modulated excitation condition, and further to retain the multiplexed optical fingerprints for super-resolution multiplexing. Here we report a tailor-made time-domain super-resolution method with the lifetime-engineered upconversion nanoparticles for multiplexing. We demonstrate that the nanoparticles are bright, uniform, and stable under structured illumination, which supports a lateral resolution of 186 nm, less than 1/4th of the excitation wavelength. We further develop a deep learning algorithm to coordinate with super-resolution images for more accurate decoding compared to a numeric algorithm. We demonstrate a three-channel sub-diffraction-limit imaging-based optical multiplexing with decoding accuracies above 93% for each channel, and larger than 60% accuracies for potential seven-channel multiplexing. The improved resolution provides high throughput by resolving the particles within the optical limit, which enables higher multiplexing capacity in space. This time-domain super-resolution multiplexing opens a new horizon for handling the growing amount of information content, diseases source, and security risk in modern society
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
A Primer for Neural Arithmetic Logic Modules
Creators: name: Mistry, Bhumika
name: Farrahi, Katayoun
name: Hare, Jonathon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Neural Arithmetic Logic Modules have become a growing area of interest, though remain a niche field. These modules are neural networks which aim to achieve systematic generalisation in learning arithmetic and/or logic operations such as $\{+, -, \times, ÷, \leq, \textrm{AND}\}$ while also being interpretable. This paper is the first in discussing the current state of progress of this field, explaining key works, starting with the Neural Arithmetic Logic Unit (NALU). Focusing on the shortcomings of the NALU, we provide an in-depth analysis to reason about design choices of recent modules. A cross-comparison between modules is made on experiment setups and findings, where we highlight inconsistencies in a fundamental experiment causing the inability to directly compare across papers. To alleviate the existing inconsistencies, we create a benchmark which compares all existing arithmetic NALMs. We finish by providing a novel discussion of existing applications for NALU and research directions requiring further exploration.
description: JMLR Accepted Version, 58 pages
Megachile (Xanthosarus) addenda Cresson 1878
Creators: name: Gibbs, Jason
name: Ascher, John S.
name: Rightmyer, Molly G.
name: Isaacs, Rufus
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Megachile
Megachile addenda

description: Megachile (Xanthosarus) addenda Cresson 1878
County records: Allegan, Barry, Benzie, Berrien, Eaton, Grand Traverse, Jackson, Kalamazoo, Kalkaska, Kent, Lake, Livingston, Mason, Newaygo, Ottawa, St. Joseph, Van Buren, Wexford.
Notes. Nesting biology and potential as a wild pollinator of cranberry in New Jersey discussed by Cane et al. (1996).
description: Published as part of Gibbs, Jason, Ascher, John S., Rightmyer, Molly G. & Isaacs, Rufus, 2017, The bees of Michigan (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), with notes on distribution, taxonomy, pollination, and natural history, pp. 1-160 in Zootaxa 4352 (1) on page 111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4352.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1063854
Kirby diagrams and 5-colored graphs representing compact 4-manifolds
Creators: name: Casali, Maria Rita
name: Cristofori, Paola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57K40, 57M15, 57K10, 57Q15

description: It is well-known that in dimension 4 any framed link $(L,c)$ uniquely represents the PL 4-manifold $M^4(L,c)$ obtained from $\mathbb D^4$ by adding 2-handles along $(L,c)$. Moreover, if trivial dotted components are also allowed (i.e. in case of a Kirby diagram $(L^{(*)},d)$), the associated PL 4-manifold $M^4(L^{(*)},d)$ is obtained from $\mathbb D^4$ by adding 1-handles along the dotted components and 2-handles along the framed components. In this paper we study the relationships between framed links and/or Kirby diagrams and the representation theory of compact PL manifolds by edge-colored graphs: in particular, we describe how to construct algorithmically a (regular) 5-colored graph representing $M^4(L^{(*)},d)$, directly "drawn over" a planar diagram of $(L^{(*)},d)$, or equivalently how to algorithmically obtain a triangulation of $M^4(L^{(*)},d)$. As a consequence, the procedure yields triangulations for any closed (simply-connected) PL 4-manifold admitting handle decompositions without 3-handles. Furthermore, upper bounds for both the invariants gem-complexity and regular genus of $M^4(L^{(*)},d)$ are obtained, in terms of the combinatorial properties of the Kirby diagram.
description: 28 pages, 24 figures. Version accepted for publication in Revista Matem\'atica Complutense, with new examples, explanations and figures, according to the referee's suggestions
EXAMINING PRESCRIPTION CONFORMITY IN ONCOLOGY CARE: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS IN IVORY COAST
Creators: name: Amani B., Kouadio
name: Ibrahim A., Diomande
Publisher: name: continental
Year: 2024
Subjects: Cancer, Anticancer drugs, Prescription, Patient outcomes, Adverse events.

description: Cancer remains a formidable global health challenge, claiming millions of lives annually, particularly in its advanced or metastatic stages. Organs frequently affected by this devastating disease include the breast, lungs, colorectal, and prostate, contributing significantly to the staggering mortality rates observed worldwide. While various treatment modalities such as cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, hormone therapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapies offer promise in managing cancer, their widespread accessibility remains hindered by prohibitive costs, particularly in resource-limited settings.  Prescription of anticancer drugs represents a critical aspect of cancer management, serving as the initial step in patient treatment. This medicolegal act demands strict adherence to guidelines encompassing readability, precision, and completeness. Compliance with prescription protocols is paramount for optimizing patient outcomes, given the narrow therapeutic margin and inherent toxicity associated with anticancer medications. Errors in prescription can swiftly lead to adverse events, resulting in prolonged hospitalization, increased utilization of pharmaceutical products, laboratory tests, or even necessitating surgical interventions.

This abstract underscores the multifaceted challenges associated with cancer treatment, emphasizing the pivotal role of prescription accuracy in mitigating adverse outcomes and optimizing patient care. By highlighting the critical importance of adherence to prescription guidelines, it underscores the need for healthcare professionals to prioritize precision and thoroughness in prescribing anticancer medications. Moreover, it underscores the imperative for policymakers and healthcare stakeholders to address the systemic barriers hindering access to essential cancer treatments, particularly in resource-limited contexts.
Many-body quantum teleportation via operator spreading in the traversable wormhole protocol
Creators: name: Schuster, Thomas
name: Kobrin, Bryce
name: Gao, Ping
name: Cong, Iris
name: Khabiboulline, Emil T.
name: Linke, Norbert M.
name: Lukin, Mikhail D.
name: Monroe, Christopher
name: Yoshida, Beni
name: Yao, Norman Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By leveraging shared entanglement between a pair of qubits, one can teleport a quantum state from one particle to another. Recent advances have uncovered an intrinsically many-body generalization of quantum teleportation, with an elegant and surprising connection to gravity. In particular, the teleportation of quantum information relies on many-body dynamics, which originate from strongly-interacting systems that are holographically dual to gravity; from the gravitational perspective, such quantum teleportation can be understood as the transmission of information through a traversable wormhole. Here, we propose and analyze a new mechanism for many-body quantum teleportation -- dubbed peaked-size teleportation. Intriguingly, peaked-size teleportation utilizes precisely the same type of quantum circuit as traversable wormhole teleportation, yet has a completely distinct microscopic origin: it relies upon the spreading of local operators under generic thermalizing dynamics and not gravitational physics. We demonstrate the ubiquity of peaked-size teleportation, both analytically and numerically, across a diverse landscape of physical systems, including random unitary circuits, the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model (at high temperatures), one-dimensional spin chains and a bulk theory of gravity with stringy corrections. Our results pave the way towards using many-body quantum teleportation as a powerful experimental tool for: (i) characterizing the size distributions of operators in strongly-correlated systems and (ii) distinguishing between generic and intrinsically gravitational scrambling dynamics. To this end, we provide a detailed experimental blueprint for realizing many-body quantum teleportation in both trapped ions and Rydberg atom arrays; effects of decoherence and experimental imperfections are analyzed.
description: 41 + 24 pages, 12 figures
Megachile (Xanthosarus) frigida subsp. frigida frigida Smith 1853
Creators: name: Gibbs, Jason
name: Ascher, John S.
name: Rightmyer, Molly G.
name: Isaacs, Rufus
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Megachile
Megachile frigida
Megachile (xanthosarus) frigida frigida smith 1853

description: Megachile (Xanthosarus) frigida frigida Smith 1853
County records: Alger, Baraga, Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Delta, Dickinson, Emmet, Ingham, Iosco, Iron, Keweenaw, Lake, Mackinac, Manistee, Marquette, Mason, Midland, Washtenaw.
Notes. A nest in a poplar log was described from Manitoba (Stephen 1956). Graenicher (1905) records this species nesting in logs as M. addenda (Medler & Lussenhop 1968).
description: Published as part of Gibbs, Jason, Ascher, John S., Rightmyer, Molly G. & Isaacs, Rufus, 2017, The bees of Michigan (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), with notes on distribution, taxonomy, pollination, and natural history, pp. 1-160 in Zootaxa 4352 (1) on page 111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4352.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1063854
The continuous rank function for varieties of maximal Albanese dimension and its applications
Creators: name: Stoppino, Lidia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14C20 (14J29, 14J30, 14J35, 14J40)

description: In this note, I review an aspect of some new techniques introduced recently in collaboration with Miguel Ángel Barja and Rita Pardini: the construction of the continuous rank function. I give a sketch of how to use this function to prove the Barja-Clifford-Pardini-Severi inequalities for varieties of maximal Albanese dimension and to obtain the classification of varieties satisfying the equalities.
Coherent emission in pulsars, magnetars and Fast Radio Bursts: reconnection-driven free electron laser
Creators: name: Lyutikov, Maxim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a model of the generation of coherent radio emission in the Crab pulsar, magnetars and Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs). Emission is produced by a reconnection-generated beam of particles via a variant of Free Electron Laser (FEL) mechanism, operating in a weakly-turbulent, guide-field dominated plasma. We first consider nonlinear Thomson scattering in a guide-field dominated regime, and apply to model to explain emission bands observed in Crab pulsar and in Fast Radio Bursts. We consider particle motion in a combined fields of the electromagnetic wave and thee lectromagnetic (Alfvenic) wiggler. Charge bunches, created via a ponderomotive force, Compton/Raman scatter the wiggler field coherently. The model is both robust to the underlying plasma parameters and succeeds in reproducing a number of subtle observed features: (i) emission frequencies depend mostly on the length $λ_t$ of turbulence and the Lorentz factor of the reconnection generated beam, $ω\sim γ_b^2 ( c/λ_t) $ - it is independent of the absolute value of the underlying magnetic field. (ii) The model explains both broadband emission and the presence of emission stripes, including multiple stripes observed in the High Frequency Interpulse of the Crab pulsar. (iii) The model reproduces correlated polarization properties: presence of narrow emission bands in the spectrum favors linear polarization, while broadband emission can have arbitrary polarization. (iv) The mechanism is robust to the momentum spread of the particle in the beam. We also discuss a model of wigglers as non-linear force-free Alfven solitons (light darts).
Sharp moment estimates for martingales with uniformly bounded square functions
Creators: name: Stolyarov, Dmitriy
name: Vasyunin, Vasily
name: Zatitskiy, Pavel
name: Zlotnikov, Ilya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We provide sharp bounds for the exponential moments and $p$-moments, $1\leqslant p \leqslant 2$, of the terminate distribution of a martingale whose square function is uniformly bounded by one. We introduce a Bellman function for the corresponding extremal problem and reduce it to the already known Bellman function on $\mathrm{BMO}([0,1])$. In the case of tail estimates, a similar reduction does not work exactly, so we come up with a fine supersolution that leads to sharp tail estimates.
description: 33 pages, 4 figures; second version corrects some typos
Performance Comparison for Scientific Computations on the Edge via Relative Performance
Creators: name: Sankaran, Aravind
name: Bientinesi, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In a typical Internet-of-Things setting that involves scientific applications, a target computation can be evaluated in many different ways depending on the split of computations among various devices. On the one hand, different implementations (or algorithms)--equivalent from a mathematical perspective--might exhibit significant difference in terms of performance. On the other hand, some of the implementations are likely to show similar performance characteristics. In this paper, we focus on analyzing the performance of a given set of algorithms by clustering them into performance classes. To this end, we use a measurement-based approach to evaluate and score algorithms based on pair-wise comparisons; we refer to this approach as"Relative performance analysis". Each comparison yields one of three outcomes: one algorithm can be "better", "worse", or "equivalent" to another; those algorithms evaluating to have equivalent performance are merged into the same performance class. We show that our clustering methodology facilitates algorithm selection with respect to more than one metric; for instance, from the subset of equivalently fast algorithms, one could then select an algorithm that consumes the least energy on a certain device.
Instability of degenerate solitons for nonlinear Schrödinger equations with derivative
Creators: name: Fukaya, Noriyoshi
name: Hayashi, Masayuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the following nonlinear Schrödinger equation with derivative: \begin{equation} iu_t =-u_{xx} -i |u|^{2}u_x -b|u|^4u , \quad (t,x) \in \mathbb{R}\times\mathbb{R}, \ b \in\mathbb{R}. \end{equation} If $b=0$, this equation is a gauge equivalent form of the well-known derivative nonlinear Schrödinger (DNLS) equation. The soliton profile of DNLS satisfies a certain double power elliptic equation with cubic-quintic nonlinearities. The quintic nonlinearity in our equation only affects the coefficient in front of the quintic term in the elliptic equation, so in this sense the additional nonlinearity is natural as a perturbation preserving soliton profiles of DNLS. When $b\ge 0$, the equation has degenerate solitons whose momentum and energy are zero, and if $b=0$, they are algebraic solitons. Inspired from the works on instability theory of the $L^2$-critical generalized KdV equation, we study the instability of degenerate solitons in a qualitative way, and when $b>0$, we obtain a large set of initial data yielding the instability. The arguments except one step in our proof work for the case $b=0$ in exactly the same way, which is a small step towards understanding the dynamics around algebraic solitons of the DNLS equation.
description: 26 pages, slightly modified introduction
Thermal effects on collective modes in disordered $s$-wave superconductors
Creators: name: Samanta, Abhisek
name: Das, Anirban
name: Trivedi, Nandini
name: Sensarma, Rajdeep
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effect of thermal fluctuations on the two-particle spectral function for a disordered $s$-wave superconductor in two dimensions, focusing on the evolution of the collective amplitude and phase modes. We find three main effects of thermal fluctuations: (a) the phase mode is softened with increasing temperature reflecting the decrease of superfluid stiffness; (b) remarkably, the non-dispersive collective amplitude modes at finite energy near ${\bf q}=[0,0]$ and ${\bf q}=[π,π]$ survive even in presence of thermal fluctuations in the disordered superconductor; and (c) the scattering of the thermally excited fermionic quasiparticles leads to low energy incoherent spectral weight that forms a strongly momentum-dependent background halo around the phase and amplitude collective modes and broadens them. Due to momentum and energy conservation constraints, this halo has a boundary which disperses linearly at low momenta and shows a strong dip near the $[π,π]$ point in the Brillouin zone.
Power Series Expansion Neural Network
Creators: name: Chen, Qipin
name: Hao, Wenrui
name: He, Juncai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we develop a new neural network family based on power series expansion, which is proved to achieve a better approximation accuracy in comparison with existing neural networks. This new set of neural networks embeds the power series expansion (PSE) into the neural network structure. Then it can improve the representation ability while preserving comparable computational cost by increasing the degree of PSE instead of increasing the depth or width. Both theoretical approximation and numerical results show the advantages of this new neural network.
description: 12 pages, 1 figure
Megachile (Xanthosarus) gemula subsp. gemula gemula Cresson 1878
Creators: name: Gibbs, Jason
name: Ascher, John S.
name: Rightmyer, Molly G.
name: Isaacs, Rufus
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Megachile
Megachile gemula
Megachile (xanthosarus) gemula gemula cresson 1878

description: Megachile (Xanthosarus) gemula gemula Cresson 1878
County records: Alcona, Alger, Allegan, Alpena, Baraga, Barry, Berrien, Cheboygan, Clare, Clinton, Delta, Dickinson, Emmet, Gladwin, Gogebic, Grand Traverse, Iron, Kalamazoo, Kalkaska, Kent, Keweenaw, Leelanau, Mackinac, Manistee, Marquette, Midland, Missaukee, Montmorency, Ontonagon, Osceola, Oscoda, Otsego, Ottawa, Presque Isle, Roscommon, Schoolcraft, Shiawassee, St. Joseph, Van Buren.
Notes. Trap nesting in bored stems described from Ontario (Fye 1965) and Wisconsin (Medler & Lussenhop 1968).
description: Published as part of Gibbs, Jason, Ascher, John S., Rightmyer, Molly G. & Isaacs, Rufus, 2017, The bees of Michigan (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), with notes on distribution, taxonomy, pollination, and natural history, pp. 1-160 in Zootaxa 4352 (1) on pages 111-112, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4352.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1063854
Evidence for two phases of galaxy formation from radial trends in the globular cluster system of NGC 1407
Creators: name: Forbes, Duncan
name: Spitler, Lee R.
name: Strader, Jay
name: Romanowsky, Aaron J.
name: Brodie, Jean
name: Foster, Caroline
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 510103
subject: Cosmology and extragalactic astronomy

description: Here we present the colours of individual globular clusters (GCs) around the massive elliptical galaxy NGC 1407 out to a projected galactocentric radius of 140 kpc or 17 galaxy eﬀective radii (Re). Such data are a proxy for the halo metallicity. We ﬁnd steep, and similar, metallicity gradients of ∼ –0.4 dex per dex for both the blue (metal-poor) and red (metal-rich) GC subpopulations within 5–8.5 Re (40–70 kpc). At larger radii the mean GC colours (metallicity) are constant. A similar behaviour is seen in a wide-ﬁeld study of M87’s GC system, and in our own Galaxy. We interpret these radial metallicity trends to indicate an inner region formed by early in-situ dissipative processes and an outer halo formed by ongoing accretion of low mass galaxies and their GCs. These results provide observational support for the model of galaxy formation whereby massive galaxies form inside-out in two phases. We have also searched the literature for other massive early-type galaxies with reported GC metallicity gradients in their inner regions. No obvious correlation with galaxy mass or environment is found but the sample is currently small.
Опыт моделирования глобального и регионального климата
Creators: name: Сообщество рецензентов Международного научно-исследовательского журнала
Publisher: name: ООО Цифра
Year: 2024
Subjects: non-stationary global three-dimensional climate model
numerical experiments
нестационарная глобальная трехмерная модель климата
численные эксперименты

description: Международный научно-исследовательский журнал, Выпуск 4 (142) 2024
Robustness of Noisy Quantum Networks
Creators: name: Coutinho, Bruno C.
name: Munro, William J.
name: Nemoto, Kae
name: Omar, Yasser
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum networks are a new paradigm of complex networks, allowing us to harness networked quantum technologies and to develop a quantum internet. But how robust is a quantum network when its links and nodes start failing? We show that quantum networks based on typical noisy quantum-repeater nodes are prone to discontinuous phase transitions with respect to the random loss of operating links and nodes, abruptly compromising the connectivity of the network, and thus significantly limiting the reach of its operation. Furthermore, we determine the critical quantum-repeater efficiency necessary to avoid this catastrophic loss of connectivity as a function of the network topology, the network size, and the distribution of entanglement in the network. In particular, our results indicate that a scale-free topology is a crucial design principle to establish a robust large-scale quantum internet.
description: quantum Internet, complex quantum networks, phase transitions, percolation theory
Footprints of geodesics in persistent homology
Creators: name: Virk, Žiga
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Given a metric space $X$ and a subspace $A\subset X$, we prove $A$ can generate various algebraic elements in persistent homology of $X$. We call such elements (algebraic) footprints of $A$. Our results imply that footprints typically appear in dimensions above the dimension of $A$. Higher-dimensional persistent homology thus encodes lower-dimensional geometric features of $X$. We pay special attention to a specific type of geodesics in a geodesic surface $X$ called geodesic circles. We explain how they may generate non-trivial odd-dimensional and two-dimensional footprints. In particular, we can detect even some contractible geodesics using two- and three-dimensional persistent homology. This provides a link between persistent homology and length spectrum in Riemannian geometry.
description: 26 pages, 9 figures; Accepted for publication in Mediterranean Journal of Mathematics
Three-dimensional imaging of waves and floe sizes in the marginal ice zone during an explosive cyclone
Creators: name: Alberello, Alberto
name: Bennetts, Luke
name: Onorato, Miguel
name: Vichi, Marcello
name: MacHutchon, Keith
name: Eayrs, Clare
name: Ntamba, Butteur Ntamba
name: Benetazzo, Alvise
name: Bergamasco, Filippo
name: Nelli, Filippo
name: Pattani, Rohinee
name: Clarke, Hans
name: Tersigni, Ippolita
name: Toffoli, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The marginal ice zone is the dynamic interface between the open ocean and consolidated inner pack ice. Surface gravity waves regulate marginal ice zone extent and properties, and, hence, fluxes between the atmosphere and ocean, and ice advance and retreat. Over the past decade, seminal experimental campaigns have generated much needed measurements of wave evolution in the marginal ice zone, which, notwithstanding the prominent knowledge gaps that remain, are underpinning major advances in understanding the region's role in the climate system. Here, we report three-dimensional imaging of waves from a moving vessel and simultaneous imaging of floe sizes, with the potential to enhance the marginal ice zone database substantially. The images give the direction--frequency wave spectrum, which we combine with concurrent measurements of wind speeds and reanalysis products to reveal the complex multi-component wind-plus-swell nature of a cyclone-driven wave field, and quantify evolution of large-amplitude waves in sea ice.
Combination Theorems in Groups, Geometry and Dynamics
Creators: name: Mj, Mahan
name: Mukherjee, Sabyasachi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F65, 20F67, 37F10, 37F32, 30F60, 30F40, 57M50

description: The aim of this article is to give a survey of combination theorems occurring in hyperbolic geometry, geometric group theory and complex dynamics, with a particular focus on Thurston's contribution and influence in the field.
description: Final version, 47 pages, 9 figures. Parts of the survey are based on the papers arXiv:math/0611601, arXiv:0912.2715, arXiv:1901.02170 (for combination theorems in geometric group theory), and arXiv:2007.02429, arXiv:2010.11256, arXiv:2103.00835 (for combination theorems at the interface of complex dynamics and Kleinian groups)
Megachile (Xanthosarus) latimanus Say 1823
Creators: name: Gibbs, Jason
name: Ascher, John S.
name: Rightmyer, Molly G.
name: Isaacs, Rufus
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Megachile
Megachile latimanus

description: Megachile (Xanthosarus) latimanus Say 1823
County records: Alger, Allegan, Alpena, Arenac, Baraga, Barry, Bay, Berrien, Branch, Cheboygan, Clinton, Crawford, Delta, Dickinson, Eaton, Emmet, Genesee, Gladwin, Gratiot, Hillsdale, Houghton, Huron, Ingham, Iosco, Isabella, Jackson, Kalamazoo, Kalkaska, Kent, Lake, Lapeer, Leelanau, Livingston, Mackinac, Macomb, Manistee, Marquette, Mason, Mecosta, Menominee, Midland, Missaukee, Montcalm, Montmorency, Newaygo, Oakland, Oceana, Ogemaw, Osceola, Oscoda, Otsego, Ottawa, Presque Isle, Roscommon, Saginaw, Shiawassee, St. Clair, St. Joseph, Van Buren, Washtenaw, Wayne, Wexford.
Notes. Ground-nests described from Wisconsin (Graenicher 1905).
description: Published as part of Gibbs, Jason, Ascher, John S., Rightmyer, Molly G. & Isaacs, Rufus, 2017, The bees of Michigan (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), with notes on distribution, taxonomy, pollination, and natural history, pp. 1-160 in Zootaxa 4352 (1) on page 112, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4352.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1063854