cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
CRHM simulations in the White Gull Creek boreal forest basin
Creators: name: He, Zhihua
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: Here includes the model outputs from CRHM in the study White Gull Creek forest basin in Saskatchewan, Canada. File names including "ASP","HJP","OJP" and "OBS" indicate simulation scenarios under which the corresponding forest types of Aspen, Harvested Jack Pine, Old Jack Pine and Old Black Spruce are assumed to be clear cut. "RMUW" indicates file that include the simulations of rain runoff, melt runoff, subsurface flow from soil water and deep groundwater outflow. The simulation was conducted at a hourly interval,ranging from 1998 to 2016. Six temperature warming scenarios with +1 to +6 degree, and six precipitation change scenarios with 70% to 130% of current observations were used to drive the model.
TEA: A Code for Calculating Thermochemical Equilibrium Abundances
Creators: name: Blecic, Jasmina
name: Harrington, Joseph
name: Bowman, M. Oliver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an open-source Thermochemical Equilibrium Abundances (TEA) code that calculates the abundances of gaseous molecular species. The code is based on the methodology of White et al. (1958) and Eriksson (1971). It applies Gibbs free-energy minimization using an iterative, Lagrangian optimization scheme. Given elemental abundances, TEA calculates molecular abundances for a particular temperature and pressure or a list of temperature-pressure pairs. We tested the code against the method of Burrows & Sharp (1999), the free thermochemical equilibrium code CEA (Chemical Equilibrium with Applications), and the example given by White et al. (1958). Using their thermodynamic data, TEA reproduces their final abundances, but with higher precision. We also applied the TEA abundance calculations to models of several hot-Jupiter exoplanets, producing expected results. TEA is written in Python in a modular format. There is a start guide, a user manual, and a code document in addition to this theory paper. TEA is available under a reproducible-research, open-source license via https://github.com/dzesmin/TEA.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures, article is submitted to ApJS, posted on arXiv for public commentary, please send comments to the lead author
Personalizing Second-Line Type 2 Diabetes Treatment Selection: Combining Network Meta-analysis, Individualized Risk, and Patient Preferences for Unified Decision Support
Creators: name: Choi, S.E.
name: Basu, S.
name: Yudkin, J.S.
name: Berkowitz, S.A.
name: Naci, H.
Publisher: name: SAGE Publications Inc.
Year: 2019

description: Background. Personalizing medical treatment often requires practitioners to compare multiple treatment options, assess a patient’s unique risk and benefit from each option, and elicit a patient’s preferences around treatment. We integrated these 3 considerations into a decision-modeling framework for the selection of second-line glycemic therapy for type 2 diabetes. Methods. Based on multicriteria decision analysis, we developed a unified treatment decision support tool accounting for 3 factors: patient preferences, disease outcomes, and medication efficacy and safety profiles. By standardizing and multiplying these 3 factors, we calculated the ranking score for each medication. This approach was applied to determining second-line glycemic therapy by integrating 1) treatment efficacy and side-effect data from a network meta-analysis of 301 randomized trials (N = 219,277), 2) validated risk equations for type 2 diabetes complications, and 3) patient preferences around treatment (e.g., to avoid daily glucose testing). Data from participants with type 2 diabetes in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2003–2014, N = 1107) were used to explore variations in treatment recommendations and associated quality-adjusted life-years given different patient features. Results. Patients at the highest microvascular disease risk had glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists or basal insulin recommended as top choices, whereas those wanting to avoid an injected medication or daily glucose testing had sodium-glucose linked transporter 2 or dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors commonly recommended, and those with major cost concerns had sulfonylureas commonly recommended. By converting from the most common sulfonylurea treatment to the model-recommended treatment, NHANES participants were expected to save an average of 0.036 quality-adjusted life-years per person (about a half month) from 10 years of treatment. Conclusions. Models can help integrate meta-analytic treatment effect estimates with individualized risk calculations and preferences, to aid personalized treatment selection.
Prevalence of housing problems among community health center patients
Creators: name: Gaeta, J.M.
name: Fung, V.
name: Baggett, T.P.
name: Berkowitz, S.A.
Publisher: name: American Medical Association
Year: 2018

description: In 2016, the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) Health Center Program provided primary care to more than 25 million medically underserved patients through a nationwide network of community health center (CHC), health care for the homeless, migrant health center, and public housing primary care clinics. Although the latter 3 clinic types serve individuals with housing problems by definition, little is known about the scope of housing problems among CHC patients, who constitute 91% of Health Center program patients nationally. We used data from a national survey to assess the prevalence and health-related correlates of housing problems among CHC patients.
(475) Elizabeth Brotchie
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Unstable housing and diabetes-related emergency department visits and hospitalization: A nationally representative study of safety-net clinic patients
Creators: name: Edwards, S.T.
name: Baggett, T.P.
name: Berkowitz, S.A.
name: Kalkhoran, S.
name: Essien, U.R.
Publisher: name: American Diabetes Association Inc.
Year: 2018

description: OBJECTIVE: Homelessness is associated with worse diabetes outcomes, but the relationship between other forms of unstable housing and diabetes is not well studied. We assessed whether unstable housing was associated with increased risk for diabetesrelated emergency department use or hospitalization. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We used data from the 2014 Health Center Patient Survey (HCPS), a cross-sectional, nationally representative survey of patients who receive care at federally funded safety-net health centers. We included nonhomeless adults (aged ≥18 years) with self-reported diabetes. Unstable housing was defined as not having enough money to pay rent or mortgage, moving two ormore times in the past 12 months, orstaying at a place one does not own or rent. The primary outcome was self-report of diabetes-related emergency department visit or inpatient hospitalization in the last 12 months. We also examined use of housing assistance. RESULTS: Of 1,087 participants, representing 3,277,165 adults with diabetes, 37% were unstably housed. Overall, 13.7% of participants reported a diabetes-related emergency department visit or hospitalization in the past year. In logistic regression analyses adjusted for multiple potential confounders, unstable housing was associated with greater odds of diabetes-related emergency department use or hospitalization (adjusted odds ratio 5.17 [95% CI2.08-12.87]). Only 0.9% ofunstably housed individuals reported receiving help with housing through their clinic. CONCLUSIONS: Unstable housing is common and associated with increased risk of diabetes-related emergency department and inpatient use. Addressing unstable housing in clinical settings may help improve health care utilization for vulnerable individuals with diabetes.
(470) Elizabeth [Brotchie]
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
On Non-Commutative Correction of the Gödel-type Metric
Creators: name: Ulhoa, S. C.
name: Santos, A. F.
name: Amorim, R. G. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we will study non-commutative corrections in the metric tensor for the Gödel-type universe, a model that has as its main characteristic the possibility of violation of causality, allowing therefore time travel. We also find that the critical radius in such a model, which eventually will determine the time travel possibility, is modified due to the non commutativity of spatial coordinates.
Superconductivity in the A15 Structure
Creators: name: Stewart, G. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The cubic A15 structure metals, with over 60 distinct member compounds, held the crown of highest Tc superconductor starting in 1954 with the discovery of Tc=18 K in Nb3Sn. Tc increased over the next 20 years until the discovery in 1973 of Tc = 22.3 K (optimized to approximately 23 K a year later) in sputtered films of Nb3Ge. Attempts were made to produce - via explosive compression - higher (theorized to be 31-35 K) transition temperatures in not stable at ambient conditions A15 Nb3Si. However, the effort to continue the march to higher Tc values in A15 Nb3Si only resulted in a defect-suppressed Tc of 19 K by 1981. Focus in superconductivity research partially shifted with the advent of heavy Fermion superconductors (CeCu2Si2, UBe13, and UPt3 discovered in 1979, 1983 and 1984 respectively) and further shifted away from A15 superconductors with the discovery of the perovskite structure cuprate superconductors in 1986 with Tc=35 K. However, the A15 superconductors, and specifically doped Nb3Sn, are still the material of choice today for most applications where high critical currents (e. g. magnets with dc persistent fields up to 21 T) are required. Thus, this article discusses superconductivity, and the important physical properties and theories for the understanding thereof, in the A15 superconductors which held the record Tc for the longest time (32 years) of any known class of superconductor since the discovery of Tc=4.2 K in Hg in 1911. The discovery in 2008 of Tc=38 K at 7 kbar in A15 Cs3C60 (properly a member of the fullerene superconductor class), which is an insulator at 1 atm pressure and otherwise also atypical of the A15 class of superconductors, will be briefly discussed.
description: contribution to the special issue on Superconductivity and Its Applications in Physica C, Volume 514
Europe's smallest gastropod: habitat, distribution and relationships of Retrotortina fuscata (Omalogyridae)
Creators: name: GOFAS, Serge
name: WAREN, Anders
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1998

description: The gastropod Retrotortina fuscata is confirmed as belonging to the family Omalogyridae. It lives among subtidal
 coarse bioclastic sands in 10-30 m water depth, and ranges from the entrance of the British Channel to the West
 Mediterranean. It is new to the fauna of France, and an old record from the British Isles must be regarded as valid.
Meal delivery programs reduce the use of costly health care in dually eligible medicare and medicaid beneficiaries
Creators: name: Linsky, T.
name: Tishler, L.W.
name: Terranova, J.
name: Berkowitz, S.A.
name: Hill, C.
name: DeWalt, D.A.
name: Ajayi, T.
Publisher: name: Project HOPE
Year: 2018

description: Delivering food to nutritionally vulnerable patients is important for addressing these patients' social determinants of health. However, it is not known whether food delivery programs can reduce the use of costly health services and decrease medical spending among these patients. We sought to determine whether home delivery of either medically tailored meals or nontailored food reduces the use of selected health care services and medical spending in a sample of adults dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid. Compared with matched nonparticipants, participants had fewer emergency department visits in both the medically tailored meal program and the nontailored food program. Participants in the medically tailored meal program also had fewer inpatient admissions and lower medical spending. Participation in the nontailored food program was not associated with fewer inpatient admissions but was associated with lower medical spending. These findings suggest the potential for meal delivery programs to reduce the use of costly health care and decrease spending for vulnerable patients.
Generalizing Intensive Blood Pressure Treatment to Adults With Diabetes Mellitus
Creators: name: Sussman, J.B.
name: Berkowitz, S.A.
name: Basu, S.
name: Jonas, D.E.
Publisher: name: Elsevier USA
Year: 2018

description: Background: Controversy over blood pressure (BP) treatment targets for individuals with diabetes is in part due to conflicting perspectives about generalizability of available trial data. Objective: The authors sought to estimate how results from the largest clinical trial of intensive BP treatment among adults with diabetes would generalize to the U.S. population. Methods: The authors used transportability methods to reweight individual patient data from the ACCORD (Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes) BP trial (N = 4,507) of intensive (goal systolic BP <120 mm Hg) versus standard (goal systolic BP <140 mm Hg) treatment to better represent the demographic and clinical risk factors of the U.S. population of adults with diabetes (data from NHANES [National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey] 2005 to 2014, n = 1,943). The primary outcome was the first occurrence of nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or cardiovascular death. Analysis used weighted Cox proportional hazards regression models with robust standard errors. Results: The ACCORD BP sample had less racial/ethnic diversity and more elevated cardiovascular risk factors than the NHANES participants. Weighted results significantly favored intensive BP treatment, unlike unweighted results (hazard ratio for primary outcome in intensive versus standard treatment in weighted analyses: 0.67, 95% confidence interval: 0.49 to 0.91; in unweighted analyses: hazard ratio: 0.88, 95% confidence interval: 0.73 to 1.07). Over 5 years, the weighted results estimate a number needed to treat of 34, and number needed to harm of 55. Conclusions: After reweighting to better reflect the U.S. adult population with diabetes, intensive BP therapy was associated with significantly lower risk for cardiovascular events. However, data were limited among racial/ethnic minorities and those with lower cardiovascular risk.
Financial Strain, Quit Attempts, and Smoking Abstinence Among U.S. Adult Smokers
Creators: name: Baggett, T.P.
name: Kalkhoran, S.
name: Rigotti, N.A.
name: Berkowitz, S.A.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Inc.
Year: 2018

description: Introduction: Cigarette smoking is substantially more prevalent and rates of smoking cessation are lower in low-SES adults. Financial strain may be one explanation for this. This study assessed the association between financial strain, quit attempts, and successful smoking cessation among adult smokers in the U.S. Methods: Longitudinal data on adult current smokers (aged ≥18 years) from Waves 1 and 2 of the nationally representative Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study (2013–2015) were analyzed in 2017. Negative binomial regression and logistic regression models assessed the association between financial strain and (1) quit attempts and (2) cigarette abstinence, adjusting for important confounders. Results: Smokers with financial strain made more quit attempts than smokers without financial strain (adjusted incidence-rate ratio=1.34, 95% CI=1.07, 1.68), but financial strain was not associated with smoking abstinence at follow-up (AOR=0.86, 95% CI=0.70, 1.05). Low income was associated with less smoking abstinence at follow-up (AOR=0.66, 95% CI=0.50, 0.87, for <100% federal poverty level; AOR=0.64, 95% CI=0.48, 0.85, for 100%–199% of federal poverty level). Smokers with baseline financial strain who quit at follow-up had lower odds of financial strain at follow-up (AOR=0.57, 95% CI=0.36, 0.89). Conclusions: Financially strained smokers made slightly more quit attempts than non-strained smokers but were no more likely to successfully quit. Low-income (less than 200% of the federal poverty level) smokers were less likely to quit than higher-income smokers, suggesting that financial strain alone may not explain the low quit rates in this population. Further efforts are needed to increase the success of quit attempts in low-income and financially strained smokers.
Capsule Commentary on Landon et al., “Trends in Diabetes Treatment and Monitoring Among Medicare Beneficiaries”
Creators: name: Berkowitz, S.A.
Publisher: name: Springer New York LLC
Year: 2018

description: In this study of Medicare claims (2007–2014) from older individuals with type 2 diabetes, Landon et al. highlight a mix of encouraging and discouraging findings. One caveat in interpreting their findings is that diabetes treatment guidelines are consensus-based, and we often do not know what proportion of patients the guidelines apply to, or what proportion of patients receiving particular treatments is appropriate.
(468) Janet Campbell
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(471) Mary Forris
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
CONTRIBUTION TO THE BIOLOGY OF THE RAJIDAE OF THE TUNISIAN COASTS XIX RAJA-POLYSTIGMA REGAN, 1923 - RELATIONS BETWEEN SIZE AND WEIGHT OF BODY, LIVER AND GONADS - HEPATOSOMATIC AND GONADOSOMATIC RELATIONSHIP - CONDITIONS COEFFICIENTS
Creators: name: Capape, C.
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1980

Abstract
Effect of Drag Force Modeling on the Flow of Electrostatically Charged Particles
Creators: name: Ozler, Gizem
name: Demircioglu, Mustafa
name: Grosshans, Holger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In CFD simulations of two-phase flows, accurate drag force modeling is essential for predicting particle dynamics. However, a generally valid formulation is lacking, as all available drag force correlations have been established for specific flow situations. In particular, these correlations have not been evaluated for particle-laden flows subjected to electrostatic forces. The paper reports the effect of drag force modeling on the flow of electrically charged particles. To this end, we implemented different drag force correlations to the open-source CFD tool pafiX. Then, we performed highly-resolved Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) using the Eulerian-Lagrangian approach of a particle-laden channel flow with the friction Reynolds number of 180. The simulations generally revealed a strong influence of the precise drag correlation on particles in the near-wall region and a minor effect on the particles far from the walls. Due to their turbophoretic drift, particles accumulate close to the channel walls. For uncharged particles, the simulations show large deviations of the particle concentration profile in the near-wall region depending on the drag force correlation. Therefore, the disturbance of the flow surrounding a particle by a nearby wall or other particles is important for its drag. Driven by electrostatic forces, charged particles accumulate even closer to the wall. Contrary to the uncharged cases, when the particles carry a high charge (in our case one femto-coulomb), we found minor effects of drag force modeling on particle concentration profiles. In conclusion, for the investigated conditions, we propose to account for the effect of nearby particles and walls on the drag of low- or uncharged particles.
(466) Arthur Arkley
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Oral diabetes medication monotherapy and short-term mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease
Creators: name: Grunwald, G.K.
name: Raghavan, S.
name: Berkowitz, S.A.
name: Maddox, T.M.
name: Reusch, J.E.B.
name: Liu, W.G.
name: Saxon, D.R.
name: Caplan, L.
Publisher: name: BMJ Publishing Group
Year: 2018

description: Objective To determine whether sulfonylurea use, compared with non-sulfonylurea oral diabetes medication use, was associated with 2-year mortality in individuals with well-controlled diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD). Research design and methods We studied 5352 US veterans with type 2 diabetes, obstructive CAD on coronary angiography, hemoglobin A1c ≤7.5% at the time of catheterization, and taking zero or one oral diabetes medication (categorized as no medications, non-sulfonylurea medication, or sulfonylurea). We estimated the association between medication category and 2-year mortality using inverse probability of treatment-weighted (IPW) standardized mortality differences and IPW multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression. Results 49%, 35%, and 16% of the participants were on no diabetes medications, non-sulfonylurea medications, and sulfonylureas, respectively. In individuals on no medications, non-sulfonylurea medications, and sulfonylureas, the unadjusted mortality rates were 6.6%, 5.2%, and 11.9%, respectively, and the IPW-standardized mortality rates were 5.9%, 6.5%, and 9.7%, respectively. The standardized absolute 2-year mortality difference between non-sulfonylurea and sulfonylurea groups was 3.2% (95% CI 0.7 to 5.7) (p=0.01). In Cox proportional hazards models, the point estimate suggested that sulfonylurea use might be associated with greater hazard of mortality than non-sulfonylurea medication use, but this finding was not statistically significant (HR 1.38 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.93), p=0.05). We did not observe significant mortality differences between individuals on no diabetes medications and non-sulfonylurea users. Conclusions Sulfonylurea use was common (nearly one-third of those taking medications) and was associated with increased 2-year mortality in individuals with obstructive CAD. The significance of the association between sulfonylurea use and mortality was attenuated in fully adjusted survival models. Caution with sulfonylurea use may be warranted for patients with well-controlled diabetes and CAD, and metformin or newer diabetes medications with cardiovascular safety data could be considered as alternatives when individualizing therapy.
Trends in food insecurity for adults with cardiometabolic disease in the United States: 2005-2012
Creators: name: Berkowitz, S.A.
name: Berkowitz, T.S.Z.
name: Meigs, J.B.
name: Wexler, D.J.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2017

description: Background: Food insecurity, the uncertain ability to access adequate food, can limit adherence to dietary measures needed to prevent and manage cardiometabolic conditions. However, little is known about temporal trends in food insecurity among those with diet-sensitive cardiometabolic conditions. Methods: We used data from the Continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2012, analyzed in 2015-2016, to calculate trends in age-standardized rates of food insecurity for those with and without the following diet-sensitive cardiometabolic conditions: diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary heart disease, congestive heart failure, and obesity. Results: 21,196 NHANES participants were included from 4 waves (4,408 in 2005-2006, 5,607 in 2007-2008, 5,934 in 2009-2010, and 5,247 in 2011-2012). 56.2% had at least one cardiometabolic condition, 24.4% had 2 or more, and 8.5% had 3 or more. The overall age-standardized rate of food insecurity doubled during the study period, from 9.06% in 2005-2006 to 10.82% in 2007-2008 to 15.22% in 2009-2010 to 18.33% in 2011-2012 (p for trend < .001). The average annual percentage change in food insecurity for those with a cardiometabolic condition during the study period was 13.0% (95% CI 7.5% to 18.6%), compared with 5.8% (95% CI 1.8% to 10.0%) for those without a cardiometabolic condition, (parallelism test p = .13). Comparing those with and without the condition, age-standardized rates of food insecurity were greater in participants with diabetes (19.5% vs. 11.5%, p < .0001), hypertension (14.1% vs. 11.1%, p = .0003), coronary heart disease (20.5% vs. 11.9%, p < .001), congestive heart failure (18.4% vs. 12.1%, p = .004), and obesity (14.3% vs. 11.1%, p < .001). Conclusions: Food insecurity doubled to historic highs from 2005-2012, particularly affecting those with diet-sensitive cardiometabolic conditions. Since adherence to specific dietary recommendations is a foundation of the prevention and treatment of cardiometabolic disease, these results have important implications for clinical management and public health.
Casimir-Polder effect with thermally excited surfaces
Creators: name: Laliotis, A.
name: Ducloy, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We take a closer look at the fundamental Casimir-Polder interaction between quantum particles and dispersive dielectric surfaces with surface polariton or plasmon resonances. Linear response theory shows that in the near field, van der Waals, regime the free energy shift of a particle contains a thermal component that depends exclusively on the population/excitation of the evanescent surface polariton/plasmon modes. Our work makes evident the link between particle surface interaction and near field thermal emission and demonstrates how this can be used to engineer Casimir-Polder forces. We also examine how the exotic effects of surface waves are washed out as the distance from the surface increases. In the case of molecules or excited state atoms, far field approximations result in a classical dipole-dipole interaction which depends on the surface reflectivity and the mean number of photons at the frequency of the atomic/molecular transition. Finally we present numerical results for the CP interaction between Cs atoms and various dielectric surfaces with a single polariton resonance and discuss the implications of temperature and retardation effects for specific spectroscopic experiments.
description: accepted in Phys. Rev. A
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation and health care expenditures among low-income adults
Creators: name: Meigs, J.B.
name: Basu, S.
name: Seligman, H.K.
name: Berkowitz, S.A.
name: Rigdon, J.
Publisher: name: American Medical Association
Year: 2017

description: IMPORTANCE: Food insecurity is associated with high health care expenditures, but the effectiveness of food insecurity interventions on health care costs is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), which addresses food insecurity, can reduce health care expenditures. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This is a retrospective cohort study of 4447 noninstitutionalized adults with income below 200% of the federal poverty threshold who participated in the 2011 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and the 2012-2013 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS). EXPOSURES: Self-reported SNAP participation in 2011. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Total health care expenditures (all paid claims and out-of-pocket costs) in the 2012-2013 period. To test whether SNAP participation was associated with lower subsequent health care expenditures, we used generalized linear modeling (gamma distribution, log link, with survey design information), adjusting for demographics (age, gender, race/ethnicity), socioeconomic factors (income, education, Social Security Disability Insurance disability, urban/rural), census region, health insurance, and self-reported medical conditions. We also conducted sensitivity analyses as a robustness check for these modeling assumptions. RESULTS: A total of 4447 participants (2567 women and 1880 men) were enrolled in the study, mean (SE) age, 42.7 (0.5) years; 1889 were SNAP participants, and 2558 were not. Compared with other low-income adults, SNAP participants were younger (mean [SE] age, 40.3 [0.6] vs 44.1 [0.7] years), more likely to have public insurance or be uninsured (84.9% vs 67.7%), and more likely to be disabled (24.2% vs 10.6%) (P < .001 for all). In age- and gender-adjusted models, health care expenditures between those who did and did not participate in SNAP were similar (difference, $34; 95% CI, −$1097 to $1165). In fully adjusted models, SNAP was associated with lower estimated annual health care expenditures (−$1409; 95% CI, −$2694 to −$125). Sensitivity analyses were consistent with these results, also indicating that SNAP participation was associated with significantly lower estimated expenditures. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: SNAP enrollment is associated with reduced health care spending among low-income American adults, a finding consistent across several analytic approaches. Encouraging SNAP enrollment among eligible adults may help reduce health care costs in the United States.
(467) Agnes McKelvie
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Addressing unmet basic resource needs as part of chronic cardiometabolic disease management
Creators: name: Standish, S.
name: Atlas, S.J.
name: Berkowitz, S.A.
name: Reznor, G.
name: Hulberg, A.C.
Publisher: name: American Medical Association
Year: 2017

description: IMPORTANCE It is unclear if helping patients meet resource needs, such as difficulty affording food, housing, or medications, improves clinical outcomes. OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness of the Health Leads program on improvement in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A difference-in-difference evaluation of the Health Leads program was conducted from October 1, 2012, through September 30, 2015, at 3 academic primary care practices. Health Leads consists of screening for unmet needs at clinic visits, and offering those who screen positive to meet with an advocate to help obtain resources, or receive brief information provision. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Changes in SBP, DBP, LDL-C level, and HbA1c level.We compared those who screened positive for unmet basic needs (Health Leads group) with those who screened negative, using intention-to-treat, and, secondarily, between those who did and did not enroll in Health Leads, using linear mixed modeling, examining the period before and after screening. RESULTS A total of 5125 people were screened, using a standardized form, for unmet basic resource needs; 3351 screened negative and 1774 screened positive. For those who screened positive, the mean age was 57.6 years and 1811 (56%) were women. For those who screened negative, the mean age was 56.7 years and 909 (57%) were women. Of 5125 people screened, 1774 (35%) reported at least 1 unmet need, and 1021 (58%) of those enrolled in Health Leads. Median follow-up for those who screened positive and negative was 34 and 32 months, respectively. In unadjusted intention-to-treat analyses of 1998 participants with hypertension, the Health Leads group experienced greater reduction in SBP (differential change, ?1.2; 95%CI, ?2.1 to ?0.4) and DBP (differential change, ?1.0; 95%CI, ?1.5 to ?0.5). For 2281 individuals with an indication for LDL-C level lowering, results also favored the Health Leads group (differential change, ?3.7; 95%CI ?6.7 to ?0.6). For 774 individuals with diabetes, the Health Leads group did not show HbA1c level improvement (differential change, ?0.04%; 95%CI, ?0.17%to 0.10%). Results adjusted for baseline demographic and clinical differences were not qualitatively different. Among those who enrolled in Health Leads program, there were greater BP and LDL-C level improvements than for those who declined (SBP differential change ?2.6; 95%CI,?3.5 to ?1.7; SBP differential change, ?1.4; 95%CI, ?1.9 to ?0.9; LDL-C level differential change, ?6.3; 95%CI, ?9.7 to ?2.8). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Screening for and attempting to address unmet basic resource needs in primary care was associated with modest improvements in blood pressure and lipid, but not blood glucose, levels.
An Effective Field Theory for Jet Processes
Creators: name: Becher, Thomas
name: Neubert, Matthias
name: Rothen, Lorena
name: Shao, Ding Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Processes involving narrow jets receive perturbative corrections enhanced by logarithms of the jet opening angle and the ratio of the energies inside and outside the jets. Analyzing cone-jet processes in effective field theory, we find that in addition to soft and collinear fields their description requires degrees of freedom which are simultaneously soft and collinear to the jets. These collinear-soft particles can resolve individual collinear partons, leading to a complicated multi-Wilson-line structure of the associated operators at higher orders. Our effective field theory provides, for the first time, a factorization formula for a cone-jet process, which fully separates the physics at different energy scales. Its renormalization-group equations control all logarithmically enhanced higher-order terms, in particular also the non-global logarithms.
description: 9 pages, 1 figure. v2: PRL version
Diverse Probabilistic Trajectory Forecasting with Admissibility Constraints
Creators: name: Calem, Laura
name: Ben-Younes, Hedi
name: Pérez, Patrick
name: Thome, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Predicting multiple trajectories for road users is important for automated driving systems: ego-vehicle motion planning indeed requires a clear view of the possible motions of the surrounding agents. However, the generative models used for multiple-trajectory forecasting suffer from a lack of diversity in their proposals. To avoid this form of collapse, we propose a novel method for structured prediction of diverse trajectories. To this end, we complement an underlying pretrained generative model with a diversity component, based on a determinantal point process (DPP). We balance and structure this diversity with the inclusion of knowledge-based quality constraints, independent from the underlying generative model. We combine these two novel components with a gating operation, ensuring that the predictions are both diverse and within the drivable area. We demonstrate on the nuScenes driving dataset the relevance of our compound approach, which yields significant improvements in the diversity and the quality of the generated trajectories.
Initial choice of oral glucose-lowering medication for diabetes mellitus: A patient-centered comparative effectiveness study
Creators: name:  Matlin, O.S.
name:  Brennan, T.
name:  Krumme, A.A.
name:  Shrank, W.H.
name:  Pezalla, E.J.
name: Berkowitz, S.A.
name:  Spettell, C.M.
name:  Avorn, J.
name:  Brill, G.
name:  Choudhry, N.K.
Publisher: name: American Medical Association
Year: 2014

description: IMPORTANCE: Although many classes of oral glucose-lowering medications have been approved for use, little comparative effectiveness evidence exists to guide initial selection of therapy for diabetes mellitus. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of initial oral glucose-lowering agent class on subsequent need for treatment intensification and 4 short-term adverse clinical events. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This study was a retrospective cohort study of patients who were fully insured members of Aetna (a large national health insurer) who had been prescribed an oral glucose-lowering medication from July 1, 2009, through June 30, 2013. Individuals newly prescribed an oral glucose-lowering agent who filled a second prescription for a medication in the same class and with a dosage at or above theWorld Health Organization's defined daily dose within 90 days of the end-of-day's supply of the first prescription were studied. Individuals with interim prescriptions for other oral glucose-lowering medications were excluded. EXPOSURES; Initiation of treatment with metformin, a sulfonylurea, a thiazolidinedione, or a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Time to addition of a second oral agent or insulin, each component separately, hypoglycemia, other diabetes-related emergency department visits, and cardiovascular events. RESULTS A total of 15 516 patients met the inclusion criteria, of whom 8964 (57.8%) started therapy with metformin. In unadjusted analyses, use of medications other than metformin was significantly associated with an increased risk of adding a second oral agent only, insulin only, and a second agent or insulin (P < .001 for all). In propensity score and multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models, initiation of therapy with sulfonylureas (hazard ratio [HR], 1.68; 95%CI, 1.57-1.79), thiazolidinediones (HR, 1.61; 95%CI, 1.43-1.80), and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (HR, 1.62; 95%CI, 1.47-1.79) was associated with an increased hazard of intensification. Alternatives to metformin were not associated with a reduced risk of hypoglycemia, emergency department visits, or cardiovascular events. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Despite guidelines, only 57.8%of individuals began diabetes treatment with metformin. Beginning treatment with metformin was associated with reduced subsequent treatment intensification, without differences in rates of hypoglycemia or other adverse clinical events. These findings have significant implications for quality of life and medication costs.
(469) Donald Brotchie
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
A Hierarchical Approach for Joint Multi-view Object Pose Estimation and Categorization
Creators: name: Ozay, Mete
name: Walas, Krzysztof
name: Leonardis, Ales
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a joint object pose estimation and categorization approach which extracts information about object poses and categories from the object parts and compositions constructed at different layers of a hierarchical object representation algorithm, namely Learned Hierarchy of Parts (LHOP). In the proposed approach, we first employ the LHOP to learn hierarchical part libraries which represent entity parts and compositions across different object categories and views. Then, we extract statistical and geometric features from the part realizations of the objects in the images in order to represent the information about object pose and category at each different layer of the hierarchy. Unlike the traditional approaches which consider specific layers of the hierarchies in order to extract information to perform specific tasks, we combine the information extracted at different layers to solve a joint object pose estimation and categorization problem using distributed optimization algorithms. We examine the proposed generative-discriminative learning approach and the algorithms on two benchmark 2-D multi-view image datasets. The proposed approach and the algorithms outperform state-of-the-art classification, regression and feature extraction algorithms. In addition, the experimental results shed light on the relationship between object categorization, pose estimation and the part realizations observed at different layers of the hierarchy.
description: 7 Figures
Vicarious experience affects patients' treatment preferences for depression
Creators: name: Berkowitz, S.A.
name: Feldman, M.D.
name: Bell, R.A.
name: Kravitz, R.L.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2012

description: Purpose: Depression is common in primary care but often under-treated. Personal experiences with depression can affect adherence to therapy, but the effect of vicarious experience is unstudied. We sought to evaluate the association between a patient's vicarious experiences with depression (those of friends or family) and treatment preferences for depressive symptoms. Methods: We sampled 1054 English and/or Spanish speaking adult subjects from July through December 2008, randomly selected from the 2008 California Behavioral Risk Factor Survey System, regarding depressive symptoms and treatment preferences. We then constructed a unidimensional scale using item analysis that reflects attitudes about antidepressant pharmacotherapy. This became the dependent variable in linear regression analyses to examine the association between vicarious experiences and treatment preferences for depressive symptoms. Results: Our sample was 68% female, 91% white, and 13% Hispanic. Age ranged from 18-94 years. Mean PHQ-9 score was 4.3; 14.5% of respondents had a PHQ-9 score >9.0, consistent with active depressive symptoms. Analyses controlling for current depression symptoms and socio-demographic factors found that in patients both with (coefficient 1.08, p = 0.03) and without (coefficient 0.77, p = 0.03) a personal history of depression, having a vicarious experience (family and friend, respectively) with depression is associated with a more favorable attitude towards antidepressant medications. Conclusions: Patients with vicarious experiences of depression express more acceptance of pharmacotherapy. Conversely, patients lacking vicarious experiences of depression have more negative attitudes towards antidepressants. When discussing treatment with patients, clinicians should inquire about vicarious experiences of depression. This information may identify patients at greater risk for non-adherence and lead to more tailored patient-specific education about treatment.
Shape Invariant Rational Extensions And Potentials Related to Exceptional Polynomials
Creators: name: Ranjani, S. Sree
name: Sandhya, R.
name: Kapoor, A. K
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we show that an attempt to construct shape invariant extensions of a known shape invariant potential leads to, apart from a shift by a constant, the well known technique of isospectral shift deformation. Using this, we construct infinite sets of generalized potentials with $X_m$ exceptional polynomials as solutions. These potentials are rational extensions of the existing shape invariant potentials. The method is elucidated using the radial oscillator and the trigonometric Pöschl-Teller potentials. For the case of radial oscillator, in addition to the known rational extensions, we construct two infinite sets of rational extensions, which seem to be less studied. For one of the potential, we show that its solutions involve a third type of exceptional Laguerre polynomials. Explicit expressions of this generalized infinite set of potentials and the corresponding solutions are presented. For the trigonometric Pöschl-Teller potential, our analysis points to the possibility of several rational extensions beyond those known in literature.
description: 18 pages, 1 figure