cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Median Statistics, H_0, and the Accelerating Universe
Creators: name: Gott, J. Richard
name: Vogeley, Michael S.
name: Podariu, Silviu
name: Ratra, Bharat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Abridged) We develop median statistics that provide powerful alternatives to chi-squared likelihood methods and require fewer assumptions about the data. Applying median statistics to Huchra's compilation of nearly all estimates of the Hubble constant, we find a median value H_0=67 km/s/Mpc. Median statistics assume only that the measurements are independent and free of systematic errors. This estimate is arguably the best summary of current knowledge because it uses all available data and, unlike other estimates, makes no assumption about the distribution of measurement errors. The 95% range of purely statistical errors is +/- 2 km/s/Mpc. The statistical precision of this result leads us to analyze the range of possible systematic errors in the median, which we estimate to be roughly +/- 5 km/s/Mpc (95% limits), dominating over the statistical errors. A Bayesian median statistics treatment of high-redshift Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) apparent magnitude versus redshift data from Riess et al. yields a posterior probability that the cosmological constant Lambda > 0 of 70 or 89%, depending on the prior information used. The posterior probability of an open universe is about 47%. Analysis of the Perlmutter et al. high-redshift SNe Ia data show the best-fit flat-Lambda model favored over the best-fit Lambda = 0 open model by odds of 366:1; corresponding Riess et al. odds are 3:1 (assuming prior odds of 1:1).Median statistics analyses of the SNe Ia data do not rule out a time-variable Lambda model, and may even favor it over a time-independent Lambda and a Lambda = 0 open model.
description: Significant revisions include discussion of systematic errors in the median of H_0. Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal, v548, February 20, 2001 issue. 47 pages incl. figures and tables
Hopf bifurcations and simple structures of periodic solution sets in systems with the Preisach nonlinearity
Creators: name: Brokate, Martin
name: Rachinskii, Dmitri
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Hysteresis
subject: forced periodic oscillations
subject: cycles
subject: one-parameter continuum of periodic regimes
subject: Hopf bifurcation
subject: Preisach nonlinearity
subject: 34C55
subject: 34D20
subject: 34D10

description: We survey a number of recent results and suggest some new ones on periodic solutions of systems with hysteresis. The main focus of this work is the situation when simple one-parameter structures of periodic regimes appear. We consider forced oscillations, cycles of autonomous systems and Hopf bifurcations from the equilibrium and from infinity.
Existence and uniqueness results for reaction-diffusion processes of electrically charged species
Creators: name: Gajewski, Herbert
name: Skrypnik, Igor V.
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nonlinear elliptic-parabolic systems
subject: nonlocal drift
subject: global bounded solutions
subject: uniqueness
subject: nonstandard assumptions
subject: degenerate typ
subject: 35B45
subject: 35K15
subject: 35K20
subject: 35K65

description: We study initial-- boundary value problems for elliptic--parabolic systems of nonlinear partial differential equations describing drift--diffusion processes of electrically charged species in N--dimensional bounded Lipschitzian domains. We include Fermi--Dirac statistics and admit nonsmooth material coefficients. We prove existence and uniqueness of bounded global solutions.
A general asymptotic dynamic model for Lipschitzian curved rods
Creators: name: Vodák, Rostislav
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: curved rods
subject: low geometrical regularity
subject: evolution equation
subject: asymptotic analysis
subject: 74K10
subject: 35L15
subject: 74B99

description: In this paper we study the asymptotic behaviour of solutions to the linear evolution problem for clamped curved rods with the small thickness $epsilon $ under minimal regularity assumptions on the geometry. In addition, non-constant density of the curved rods is considered.
Particle statistics and lossy dynamics of ultracold atoms in optical lattices
Creators: name: Malo, Jorge Yago
name: van Nieuwenburg, Evert P. L.
name: Fischer, Mark H.
name: Daley, Andrew J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experimental control over ultracold quantum gases has made it possible to investigate low-dimensional systems of both bosonic and fermionic atoms. In closed 1D systems there are a lot of similarities in the dynamics of local quantities for spinless fermions and strongly interacting "hard-core" bosons, which on a lattice can be formalised via a Jordan-Wigner transformation. In this study, we analyse the similarities and differences for spinless fermions and hard-core bosons on a lattice in the presence of particle loss. The removal of a single fermion causes differences in local quantities compared with the bosonic case, because of the different particle exchange symmetry in the two cases. We identify deterministic and probabilistic signatures of these dynamics in terms of local particle density, which could be measured in ongoing experiments with quantum gas microscopes.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Lyapunov functions for positive linear evolution problems
Creators: name: Stephan, Holger
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Markov operator
subject: Lyapunov function
subject: Fokker-Planck equation
subject: positive continuous semigroup
subject: positive minimum principle
subject: Radon measures
subject: 47D07
subject: 47A63
subject: 35B40
subject: 35B50
subject: 37A35
subject: 46E10
subject: 82C31

description: We rigorously investigate the time monotonicity of Lyapunov functions for general positive linear evolution problems, including degenerate problems. This can be done by considering the problem in the convex set of probability measures and finding a general inequality for such Radon measures and Markov operators. For linear evolution problems (with discrete or continuous time), the existence of time monotone Lyapunov functions is not a consequence of any physical properties, but of the positivity and norm conservation of the equation. In some special cases the structure of such equations is given. Moreover, we describe completely the case of time constant Lyapunov functions - a property of deterministic dynamical systems.
Broken detailed balance and non-equilibrium dynamics in living systems
Creators: name: Gnesotto, F.
name: Mura, F.
name: Gladrow, J.
name: Broedersz, C. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Living systems operate far from thermodynamic equilibrium. Enzymatic activity can induce broken detailed balance at the molecular scale. This molecular scale breaking of detailed balance is crucial to achieve biological functions such as high-fidelity transcription and translation, sensing, adaptation, biochemical patterning, and force generation. While biological systems such as motor enzymes violate detailed balance at the molecular scale, it remains unclear how non-equilibrium dynamics manifests at the mesoscale in systems that are driven through the collective activity of many motors. Indeed, in several cellular systems the presence of non-equilibrium dynamics is not always evident at large scales. For example, in the cytoskeleton or in chromosomes one can observe stationary stochastic processes that appear at first glance thermally driven. This raises the question how non-equilibrium fluctuations can be discerned from thermal noise. We discuss approaches that have recently been developed to address this question, including methods based on measuring the extent to which the system violates the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. Furthermore, we discuss a more recent approach to detect actively driven dynamics, which is based on inferring broken detailed balance. This constitutes a non-invasive method that uses time-lapse microscopy data, and can be applied to a broad range of systems in cells and tissue. We discuss the ideas underlying this method and its application to several examples including flagella, primary cilia, and cytoskeletal networks. Finally, we briefly discuss recent developments in stochastic thermodynamics and non-equilibrium statistical mechanics, which offer new perspectives to understand the physics of living systems.
description: 34 pages, 16 figures, review article
Counterterm Method in Lovelock Theory and Horizonless Solutions in Dimensionally Continued Gravity
Creators: name: Dehghani, M. H.
name: Bostani, N.
name: Sheykhi, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we, first, generalize the quasilocal definition of the stress energy tensor of Einstein gravity to the case of Lovelock gravity, by introducing the tensorial form of surface terms that make the action well-defined. We also introduce the boundary counterterm that removes the divergences of the action and the conserved quantities of the solutions of Lovelock gravity with flat boundary at constant $t$ and $r$. Second, we obtain the metric of spacetimes generated by brane sources in dimensionally continued gravity through the use of Hamiltonian formalism, and show that these solutions have no curvature singularity and no horizons, but have conic singularity. We show that these asymptotically AdS spacetimes which contain two fundamental constants are complete. Finally we compute the conserved quantities of these solutions through the use of the counterterm method introduced in the first part of the paper.
description: 15 pages, references added, typos corrected
Approaches to Stochastic Modeling of Wind Turbines
Creators: name: Gevorkyan, M. N.
name: Demidova, A. V.
name: Sobolewski, Robert A.
name: Zaryadov, I. S.
name: Korolkova, A. V.
name: Kulyabov, D. S.
name: Sevastianov, L. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Background. This paper study statistical data gathered from wind turbines located on the territory of the Republic of Poland. The research is aimed to construct the stochastic model that predicts the change of wind speed with time. Purpose. The purpose of this work is to find the optimal distribution for the approximation of available statistical data on wind speed. Methods. We consider four distributions of a random variable: Log-Normal, Weibull, Gamma and Beta. In order to evaluate the parameters of distributions we use method of maximum likelihood. To assess the the results of approximation we use a quantile-quantile plot. Results. All the considered distributions properly approximate the available data. The Weibull distribution shows the best results for the extreme values of the wind speed. Conclusions. The results of the analysis are consistent with the common practice of using the Weibull distribution for wind speed modeling. In the future we plan to compare the results obtained with a much larger data set as well as to build a stochastic model of the evolution of the wind speed depending on time.
description: in English; in Russian
Methοds οf mοnitοring and diagnοsis οf diesel engine failures
Creators: name: Κωνσταντόπουλος, Παναγιώτης
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Πειραιώς
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Fault diagnosis
subject: Thermο-fluidic simulatiοn
subject: Vibration

description: Η παρούσα εργασία έχει βασικό στόχο την βιβλιογραφική επισκόπηση των βασικών μεθόδων παρακολούθησης λειτουργίας και διάγνωσης βλαβών κινητήρων diesel. Ο κινητήρας diesel είναι σήμερα η θερμική μηχανή με τον μεγαλύτερο βαθμό απόδοσης σε σχέση με όλες τις άλλες γνωστές θερμικές μηχανές και κυρίως για το λόγο αυτό βρίσκει εφαρμογή τόσο στον τομέα των μεταφορών όσο και στον τομέα της ηλεκτροπαραγωγής. Η συνεχής χρήση των κινητήρων diesel απαιτεί υψηλή διαθεσιμότητα και πολύ υψηλή αξιοπιστία. Για το λόγο αυτό τις τελευταίες δεκαετίες έχουν αναπτυχθεί διάφορα συστήματα παρακολούθησης λειτουργίας και έγκαιρης διάγνωσης πιθανών βλαβών. Αντικείμενο της παρούσας εργασίας είναι η ανάλυση των διαφόρων συστημάτων παρακολούθησης λειτουργίας και διάγνωσης βλαβών με σκοπό την κατανόηση της αρχής λειτουργίας τους, των πλεονεκτημάτων και των μειονεκτημάτων εκάστης μεθόδου και την τελική πρόταση της βέλτιστης – με βάση τα βιβλιογραφικά στοιχεία – μεθόδου. Με βάση την διεθνή βιβλιογραφία οι πιο ευρέως διαδεδομένες μέθοδοι διάγνωσης βλαβών κινητήρων diesel και στις οποίες επικεντρώνεται η παρούσα μελέτη είναι οι ακόλουθες: • Διαγνωστική μέθοδος με μέτρηση της πίεσης κυλίνδρου και θερμοδυναμική προσομοίωση της λειτουργίας εκάστου κυλίνδρου ενός κινητήρα diesel. • Διαγνωστική μέθοδος με μέτρηση και ανάλυση μηχανικών κραδασμών. • Διαγνωστική μέθοδος με μέτρηση και υπολογιστική ανάλυση στρεπτικών ταλαντώσεων στροφαλοφόρου άξονα. Στο 1ο κεφάλαιο της παρούσας εργασίας εξετάζονται οι διάφορες μέθοδοι συντήρησης. Στο 2ο κεφάλαιο περιγράφεται αναλυτικά η διαγνωστική μέθοδος που βασίζεται στην μέτρηση της πίεσης κυλίνδρου και στην θερμορευστομηχανική προσομοίωση της λειτουργίας κάθε κυλίνδρου ενός κινητήρα diesel. Για την συγκεκριμένη μέθοδο αναλύεται διεξοδικά συγκεκριμένο παράδειγμα εφαρμογής της σε δίχρονη κύρια ναυτική μηχανή diesel και σε τετράχρονη ηλεκτρομηχανή πλοίου. Στο 3ο κεφάλαιο περιγράφεται αναλυτικά η μέθοδος μέτρησης και ανάλυσης μηχανικών κραδασμών. Για την συγκεκριμένη μέθοδο παρατίθενται οι διεθνείς νόρμες εφαρμογής της σε μηχανές diesel με βάση πρότυπα κατασκευαστικών οίκων κινητήρων diesel και αναλύεται ένα παράδειγμα εφαρμογής της μεθόδου για την διαπίστωση εσφαλμένης ρύθμισης βαλβίδας εξαγωγής κινητήρα diesel. Στο 4ο κεφάλαιο παρουσιάζεται η διαγνωστική μέθοδος της κατάστασης λειτουργίας ενός κινητήρα diesel η οποία βασίζεται στην μέτρηση και στην ανάλυση στρεπτικών ταλαντώσεων στροφαλοφόρου άξονα. Τέλος στο 5ο κεφάλαιο γίνεται σύγκριση του βαθμού αποτελεσματικότητας κάθε διαγνωστικής μεθόδου και προκρίνεται η βέλτιστη με βάση υφιστάμενα βιβλιογραφικά δεδομένα. Στο ίδιο κεφάλαιο παρατίθενται ορισμένες προτάσεις για μελλοντική επέκταση και βελτίωση της παρούσας εργασίας.
Asymptotic analysis of elastic curved rods
Creators: name: Vodák, Rostislav
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: curved rods
subject: low geometrical regularity
subject: 1-D asymptotic model
subject: asymptotic analysis
subject: 74K10
subject: 35J25
subject: 74B99

description: We suppose a convergent sequence of curved rods made from an isotropic elastic material and clamped on the lower basis or on both bases, and the linearized elasticity system posed on the sequence of the curved rods. We study the asymptotic behaviour of the stress tensor and the solution to this system, when the radius of the domains tends to zero. The curved rods with a nonsmooth line of centroids are covered by the used asymptotic method as well.
Strobelia rubiginosa Rondani 1868
Creators: name: Sforzi, Alessandra
name: Sommaggio, Daniele
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Tephritidae
Strobelia
Strobelia rubiginosa

description: Strobelia rubiginosa Rondani, 1868
ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION: 1868b: 30.
TYPE LOCALITY: “ Mendoza [Mendoza (Argentina)]”.
 TYPE MATERIAL: 1 ♀, syntype (specimen partially damaged by the pin) (MZUF: Box 72): Strobelia Rnd. rubiginosa Rnd., Amer. Mer. [= South America] / [no identification number].
 CURRENT STATUS: valid species (Foote 1967: 42, Norrbom et al. 1999: 212), valid species, as Rachiptera rubiginosa (Norrbom et al. 2010: 50).
 REMARKS: Rondani (1868b: 30) described Strobelia rubiginosa, without specifying the number, the sex or the length of the specimens, from material received from P. Strobel. We found one syntype in this study.
description: Published as part of Sforzi, Alessandra & Sommaggio, Daniele, 2021, Catalog of the Diptera types described by Camillo Rondani, pp. 1-438 in Zootaxa 4989 (1) on pages 373-374, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4989.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4980621
Optimizing Counter-Terror Operations: Should One Fight Fire with "Fire" or "Water"?
Creators: name: Caulkins, Jonathan P.
name: Grass, Dieter
name: Feichtinger, Gustav
name: Tragler, Gernot
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: FOS: Political science

description: This paper deals dynamically with the question of how recruitment to terror organizations is influenced by counter-terror operations. This is done within a optimal control model, where the key state is the (relative) number of terrorists and the key controls are two types of counter-terror tactics, one (“water”) that does not one (“fire”) that does provoke recruitment of new terrorists. The model is nonlinear and does not admit analytical solutions, but an efficient numerical implementation of Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle allows for solution with base case parameters and considerable sensitivity analysis. Generally this model yields two different steady states, one where the terror-organization is nearly eradicated and one with a high number of terrorists. Whereas water strategies are used at almost any time, it can be optimal not to use fire strategies if the number of terrorists is below a certain threshold.
Fast matrix-free evaluation of discontinuous Galerkin finite element operators
Creators: name: Kronbichler, Martin
name: Kormann, Katharina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Software (cs.MS)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present an algorithmic framework for matrix-free evaluation of discontinuous Galerkin finite element operators based on sum factorization on quadrilateral and hexahedral meshes. We identify a set of kernels for fast quadrature on cells and faces targeting a wide class of weak forms originating from linear and nonlinear partial differential equations. Different algorithms and data structures for the implementation of operator evaluation are compared in an in-depth performance analysis. The sum factorization kernels are optimized by vectorization over several cells and faces and an even-odd decomposition of the one-dimensional compute kernels. In isolation our implementation then reaches up to 60\% of arithmetic peak on Intel Haswell and Broadwell processors and up to 50\% of arithmetic peak on Intel Knights Landing. The full operator evaluation reaches only about half that throughput due to memory bandwidth limitations from loading the input and output vectors, MPI ghost exchange, as well as handling variable coefficients and the geometry. Our performance analysis shows that the results are often within 10\% of the available memory bandwidth for the proposed implementation, with the exception of the Cartesian mesh case where the cost of gather operations and MPI communication are more substantial.
Voltage switching and domain relocation in semiconductor superlattices
Creators: name: Bonilla, L. L.
name: Escobedo, R.
name: Dell'Acqua, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A numerical study of domain wall relocation during voltage switching with different ramping times is presented for weakly coupled, doped semiconductor superlattices exhibiting multistable domain formation in the first plateau of their current-voltage characteristics. Stable self-oscillations of the current at the end of stable stationary branches of the current-voltage characteristics have been found. These oscillations are due to periodic motion of charge dipoles near the cathode that disappear inside the SL, before they can reach the receiving contact. Depending on the dc voltage step, the type of multistability between static branches and the duration of voltage switching, unusual relocation scenarios are found including changes of the current that follow adiabatically the stable I--V branches, different faster episodes involving charge tripoles and dipoles, and even small amplitude oscillations of the current near the end of static I--V branches followed by dipole-tripole scenarios.
description: 27 pages, 15 figures, Revtex, to appear in Phys. Rev. B
Optimizing Caching in Object-Oriented Applications
Creators: name: Dutta, Kaushik
name: Anindya  Datta
name: Thomas, Helen
name: Pinar  Keskinocak
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Heinz College paper
K_{l 3} and π_{e 3} transition form factors
Creators: name: Kalinovsky, Yu.
name: Mitchell, K. L.
name: Roberts, C. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: $K_{\ell 3}$ and $π_{e 3}$ transition form factors are calculated as an application of Dyson-Schwinger equations. The role of nonanalytic contributions to the quark--W-boson vertex is elucidated. A one-parameter model for this vertex provides a uniformly good description of these transitions, including the value of the scalar form factor of the kaon at the Callan-Treiman point. The $K_{\ell 3}$ form factors, $f_\pm^K$, are approximately linear on $t\in [m_e^2,m_μ^2]$ and have approximately the same slope. $f_-^K(0)$ is a measure of the Euclidean constituent-quark mass ratio: $M^E_s/M^E_u$. In the isospin symmetric limit: $-f_+^π(0)= F_π(t)$, the electromagnetic pion form factor, and $f_-^π(t)\equiv 0$.
description: 11 pages (incl. 3 figures), elsart.sty, epsf.sty
Optimal Timing of Use vs. Harm Reduction in an SA Model of Drug Epidemics
Creators: name: Caulkins, Jonathan
name: Tragler, Gernot
name: Wallner, Dagmar
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: FOS: Political science

description: A debate in drug policy rankles between proponents of use reduction and harm reduction. This paper presents a stylized two-state, one-control dynamic optimization model of this choice based on a social cost related definition of harm reduction, and parameterize it both for cocaine in the U.S. and for Australia's population of injection drug users. Static analysis of a binary choice between pure harm reduction and pure use reduction suggests that whether or not harm reduction is a good strategy can depend on various factors such as the particular drug, the country, the social cost structure, or the stage of the "epidemic". The optimal dynamic control version of the model involves boundary solutions with respect to the control variable with several switches in the optimal policy. The results have interesting interpretations for policy. Even for the U.S. parameterization, harm reduction turns out to have a potential role when drug use is either already pervasive or when use is so rare that there is no danger of explosive increases in initiation, but perhaps not when drug use is near a "tipping point". In contrast, in the parameterization for Australian IDU, where effective harm reduction tactics exist and budgetary cost for harm reduction measures are small, harm reduction appears preferable starting from any initial state. Furthermore, an interesting feature of our simple model is the occurence of indifference curves, consisting of points where the decision maker is indifferent between two transients that will approach the same steady state in the long run. These transients result in the same social cost for the decision maker, but are characterized by quite different optimal policies.
Additional file 1 of Sex differences in the relationships between body composition, fat distribution, and mitochondrial energy metabolism: a pilot study
Creators: name: Bellissimo, Moriah P.
name: Fleischer, Candace C.
name: Reiter, David A.
name: Goss, Amy M.
name: Zhou, Lei
name: Smith, Matthew Ryan
name: Kohlmeier, Jacob
name: Tirouvanziam, Rabindra
name: Tran, Phong H.
name: Hao, Li
name: Crain, Benjamin H.
name: Wells, Greg D.
name: Jones, Dean P.
name: Ziegler, Thomas R.
name: Alvarez, Jessica A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Supplemental Table 1. Standard breakfast served prior to in vivo assessment of skeletal muscle mitochondrial function. Supplemental Table 2. Pearson correlations between monocyte (maximal OCR) and skeletal muscle (ATP max) mitochondrial respiration and body composition. Supplemental Table 3. Partial correlations between monocyte and skeletal muscle mitochondrial metabolism and body composition.
K+(K0)- Condensation in Highly Dense Matter with the Relativistic Mean-Field Theory
Creators: name: Maruyama, Tomoyuki
name: Shin, Hiromasa
name: Fujii, Hirotsugu
name: Tatsumi, Toshitaka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Properties of dense hadronic matter including strange particles are studied within the relativistic mean-field theory (RMFT). The possibility of kaon condensation is reexamined, and a simple condition is found for the parameters included in RMFT.
description: 12pages, Latex is used, 3 Postscript figures are available by request from tomo@hadron05.tokai.jaeri.go.jp
MPEC 2024-U130 : 2024 UQ3
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 UQ3

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
For the Nations or Against the Nations: Wang Jingwei’s and Kawashima Yoshiko’s Rationales for Collaborating with Japan
Creators: name: Hu, Yiqing
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Collaboration
subject: Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945)
subject: Wang, Jingwei, 1883-1944
subject: Kawashima, Yoshiko, 1906?-1948
subject: Resistance
subject: Historiography
subject: Traitor
subject: Nationalism
subject: Transnationalism

description: Traditional mainland Chinese historiography emphasizes Japan’s brutality during World War II and utilizes the “myth of resistance” to attribute political legitimacy to the Chinese Communist government for defeating the Japanese invading forces during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1931–1945). As indicated by the terminology used in China to refer to the conflict, the “War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression,” the prevailing narrative insists that the only acceptable response to Japan was resistance. Collaboration with Japan, viewed as an act of moral failure, is condemned, as collaborators witnessed Japanese atrocities yet chose to assist Japan in exploiting their compatriots. In China, collaborators are labeled as hanjian (traitors to the Han nation) or maiguozei (thieves who sell out their country), implying that they supported Japan in exchange for personal gain at the expense of the Chinese nation’s existence. Through the examination of two case studies of Chinese collaborators—Wang Jingwei (1883–1944) and Kawashima Yoshiko (1906?–1948)—this thesis argues that collaboration and nationalism were not necessarily mutually exclusive. Contrary to being traitors to their nation, they espoused nationalism and even cited it as their rationale to collaborate with Japan.
A dimension-reduced description of general Brownian motion by non-autonomous diffusion-like equations
Creators: name: Stephan, Holger
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Fokker-Planck equation
subject: general Brownian motion
subject: dimension-reduction
subject: pseudodifferential operator
subject: 60J65
subject: 47G10
subject: 47G30
subject: 35S30
subject: 82C31
subject: 35C15

description: The Brownian motion of a classical particle can be described by a Fokker-Planck-like equation. Its solution is a probability density in phase space.By integrating this density w.r.t. the velocity, we get the spatial distribution or concentration. We reduce the 2n-dimensional problem to an n-dimensional diffusion-like equation in a rigorous way, i.e., without further assumptions in the case of general Brownian motion, when the particle is forced by linear friction and homogeneous random (non-Gaussian) noise. Using a representation with pseudodifferential operators, we derive a reduced diffusion-like equation, which turns out to be non-autonomous and can become elliptic for long times and hyperbolic for short times, although the original problem was time homogeneous. Moreover, we consider some examples: the classical Brownian motion (Gaussian noise), the Cauchy noise case (which leads to an autonomous diffusion-like equation), and the free particle case.
Die Binnenwanderung von Arbeitskräften in Deutschland: Eine deskriptive Analyse für ländliche Räume auf Basis der Integrierten Erwerbsbiografien (IEB) des IAB
Creators: name: Meister, Moritz
name: Stiller, Johannes
name: Peters, Jan Cornelius
name: Birkeneder, Antonia
name: Meister, Moritz
name: Stiller, Johannes
name: Peters, Jan Cornelius
name: Birkeneder, Antonia
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Arbeitskräftemobilität
subject: Binnenwanderung
subject: Deutschland
subject: ländliche Räume
subject: Labor mobility
subject: Internal migration
subject: Germany
subject: Rural areas

description: This working paper stems from the joint research project “The spatial mobility of workers throughout individual working lives - Analyses for rural areas in Germany" by the Thünen Institute of Rural Studies and the Institute for Employment Research (IAB). The project receives funding from the Federal Rural Development Scheme (BULE). Our analyses are based on data from the IAB’s integrated employment biographies (IEB), which provide information on places of residence and individual characteristics of more than 90 percent of Germany’s labor force. Our analyses show, that migration balances of rural regions are not per se negative, but are characterized by a marked heterogeneity and results of the migration balance between rural and non-rural areas fluctuate during the period of observation. Regional migration balances also differ by the observed groups of individuals. Migration flows of employees with mandatory social security show significant patterns of suburbanisation that result in a net flow into rural regions between 2014 and 2017. Rural areas surrounding large cities particularly benefit from these patterns. Net losses in rural areas are observed for the younger part of the labor force and the unemployed. Migration balances of some very rural areas with less favorable socio-economic conditions hint to disadvantegeous demographic developments. This is particularly true for regions of this type in eastern Germany. Considering the entire labor force, we observe negative migration balances for two thirds of very rural western German regions as well. Most rural areas in the vicinity of larger agglomerations record positiv balances. The observed migration flows affect the spatial structure within regions of different types in distinct ways. Regions with below average employment growth exhibit increasing spatial concentration of workers’ places of residence through their intraregional migration flows. On the other hand, rural areas near large agglomerations exhibit increasing dispersion of workers’ places of residence through intra-regional mobility.
description: DOI:10.3220/WP1574415954000
Efficient-UCBV: An Almost Optimal Algorithm using Variance Estimates
Creators: name: Mukherjee, Subhojyoti
name: Naveen, K. P.
name: Sudarsanam, Nandan
name: Ravindran, Balaraman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a novel variant of the UCB algorithm (referred to as Efficient-UCB-Variance (EUCBV)) for minimizing cumulative regret in the stochastic multi-armed bandit (MAB) setting. EUCBV incorporates the arm elimination strategy proposed in UCB-Improved \citep{auer2010ucb}, while taking into account the variance estimates to compute the arms' confidence bounds, similar to UCBV \citep{audibert2009exploration}. Through a theoretical analysis we establish that EUCBV incurs a \emph{gap-dependent} regret bound of {\scriptsize $O\left( \dfrac{Kσ^2_{\max} \log (TΔ^2 /K)}Δ\right)$} after $T$ trials, where $Δ$ is the minimal gap between optimal and sub-optimal arms; the above bound is an improvement over that of existing state-of-the-art UCB algorithms (such as UCB1, UCB-Improved, UCBV, MOSS). Further, EUCBV incurs a \emph{gap-independent} regret bound of {\scriptsize $O\left(\sqrt{KT}\right)$} which is an improvement over that of UCB1, UCBV and UCB-Improved, while being comparable with that of MOSS and OCUCB. Through an extensive numerical study we show that EUCBV significantly outperforms the popular UCB variants (like MOSS, OCUCB, etc.) as well as Thompson sampling and Bayes-UCB algorithms.
Optimal Timing of Use vs. Harm Reduction in an SA Model of Drug Epidemics
Creators: name: Caulkins, Jonathan P.
name: Tragler, Gernot
name: Wallner, Dagmar
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: FOS: Political science

description: A debate in drug policy rankles between proponents of use reduction and harm reduction. We present a stylized two-state, one-control dynamic optimization model of this choice based on a social cost related definition of harm reduction, and parameterize it both for cocaine in the U.S. and for Australia's population of injection drug users. Static analysis of a binary choice between pure harm reduction and pure use reduction suggests that whether or not harm reduction is a good strategy can depend on various factors such as the particular drug, the country, the social cost structure, or the stage of the “epidemic”. The optimal dynamic control version of the model involves boundary solutions with respect to the control variable with several switches in the optimal policy. The results have interesting interpretations for policy. Even for the U.S. parameterization, harm reduction turns out to have a potential role when drug use is either already pervasive or when use is so rare that there is no danger of explosive increases in initiation, but perhaps not when drug use is near a “tipping point”. In contrast, in the parameterization for Australian IDU, where effective harm reduction tactics exist and budgetary cost for harm reduction measures are small, harm reduction appears preferable starting from any initial state. Furthermore, an interesting feature of our simple model is the occurence of indifference curves, consisting of points where the decision maker is indifferent between two transients that will approach the same steady state in the long run. These transients result in the same social cost for the decision maker, but are characterized by quite different optimal policies.
Violenza: una lettura sistemica
Creators: name: BARAZZETTI, Arianna
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Bergamo
Year: 2021

description: La presente ricerca si focalizza su fenomeni storicamente e spazialmente assai generalizzati, recentemente interessati da importanti sviluppi in termini di prevenzione e protezione a livello globale: i fenomeni legati alla violenza. I rapidi mutamenti sociali e culturali, propri dell?et� della globalizzazione, ci portano a riflettere su ci� che categorizziamo come violenza e sulle evoluzioni storiche e culturali a cui questi fenomeni si riferiscono. Obiettivo primario del progetto di ricerca sar� quindi l?analisi e la reinterpretazione di contributi illuminanti forniti da un ampio ventaglio di discipline nell?ambito della concettualizzazione della violenza. Da parte nostra proponiamo inoltre due casi clinici analizzati attraverso l?approccio sistemico. In questo modo si potr� cogliere in maniera diretta e continuativa il senso pratico di quanto elaborato nella parte teorica. Come vedremo l?analisi dei due casi clinici � resa possibile solamente attraverso l?interazione tra le differenti scienze che si sono occupate dei fenomeni legati alla violenza secondo um approccio multidisciplinare e interdisciplinare.
Model-independent determination of the strong phase difference between $D^0$ and $\bar{D}^0 \toπ^+π^-π^+π^-$ amplitudes
Creators: name: Harnew, Samuel
name: Naik, Paras
name: Prouve, Claire
name: Rademacker, Jonas
name: Asner, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For the first time, the strong phase difference between $D^0$ and $\bar{D}^0\toπ^+π^-π^+π^-$ amplitudes is determined in bins of the decay phase space. The measurement uses $818\,\mathrm{pb}^{-1}$ of $e^+e^-$ collision data that is taken at the $ψ(3770)$ resonance and collected by the CLEO-c experiment. The measurement is important for the determination of the $C P$-violating phase $γ$ in $B^{\pm}\to D K^{\pm}$ (and similar) decays , where the $D$ meson (which represents a superposition of $D^0$ and $\bar{D}^0$) subsequently decays to $π^+π^-π^+π^-$. To obtain optimal sensitivity to $γ$, the phase space of the $D \to π^+π^-π^+π^-$ decay is divided into bins based on a recent amplitude model of the decay. Although an amplitude model is used to define the bins, the measurements obtained are model-independent. The $CP$-even fraction of the $D \to π^+π^-π^+π^-$ decay is determined to be $F_{+}^{4π} = 0.769 \pm 0.021 \pm 0.010$, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. Using simulated $B^{\pm}\to D K^{\pm}, D \to π^+π^-π^+π^-$ decays, it is estimated that by the end of the current LHC run, the LHCb experiment could determine $γ$ from this decay mode with an uncertainty of $(\pm10\pm7)^\circ$, where the first uncertainty is statistical based on estimated LHCb event yields, and the second is due to the uncertainties on the parameters determined in this paper.
On the Internal Structure of Relativistic Jets
Creators: name: Beskin, Vassily S.
name: Malyshkin, Leonid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A magnetohydrodynamic model is constructed for a cylindrical jet immersed in an external uniform magnetic field. It is shown that, as in the force-free case, the total electric current within the jet can be zero. The particle energetics and the magnetic field structure are determined in a self-consistent way; all jet parameters depend on the physical conditions in the external medium. In particular, we show that a region with subsonic flow can exist in the central jet regions. In actual relativistic jets, most of the energy is transferred by the electromagnetic field only when the magnetization parameter is sufficiently large, $σ>10^6$. We also show that, in general, the well-known solution with a central core, $B_z = B_0/(1+\varpi^2/\varpi_c^2)$, can not be realized in the presence of an external medium.
description: 19 pages, 2 figures
Uno studio sull?ordine delle parole nel latino altomedievale. Le pergamene degli archivi di Bergamo, a. 740-1000
Creators: name: CICCARELLI, Rossana
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Bergamo
Year: 2021

description: Gli studi sul cambiamento dell?ordine delle parole dal latino alle lingue romanze si sono concentrati finora sul latino arcaico, classico e tardo e sui primi testi romanzi, trascurando quasi totalmente la documentazione latina altomedievale. Questo volume intende primariamente cominciare a colmare questa lacuna. Incrociando i dati testuali (morfologici, sintattici, semantici e pragmatici) e contestuali (tipologia documentale, anno e luogo di redazione, notaio e attore giuridico) di documenti originali scritti in area lombarda tra VIII e X secolo, si propone una lettura della variazione degli schemi d?ordine che integra le riflessioni teoriche con le specificit� della documentazione altomedievale.
ค่าตัวโรค โด๊ส และดีเอ็นเอ: การจัดการโรคพยาธิด้วยระบบเวชกรรมในสังคมอีสาน
Creators: name: ทุติยาภรณ์ ภูมิดอนมิ่ง
Publisher: name: กองบริหารการวิจัย
Year: 2562
Subjects: ค่าตัวโรค, โด๊ส, ดีเอ็นเอ, โรคยานุวัฒน์

description: วารสารธรรมศาสตร์, 38, 3, 130-147
Tephritis capensis Rondani 1863
Creators: name: Sforzi, Alessandra
name: Sommaggio, Daniele
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Tephritidae
Tephritis
Tephritis capensis

description: Tephritis capensis Rondani, 1863
ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION: 1863: 39.
 TYPE LOCALITY: “ Cap. B. Spei [Cape of Good Hope (South Africa)]”.
 TYPE MATERIAL: 1 ♂, holotype (covered with mold) (MZUN: Box Coll. entomol. extra-europea, Fam. Tachinidei - Gen. Ceratoxis a Diopsis): Tephritis capensis Rnd., C. B. Sp. [= Caput Bonae Spei (Cape of Good Hope)] / M. Zool. N° 11452 / ♂.
 CURRENT STATUS: valid species, unplaced to genus of Tephritidae (Cogan & Munro 1980: 536, Norrbom et al. 1999: 250).
 REMARKS: Rondani (1863: 39) described Tephritis capensis from a single specimen: “ in specimine collictionis meae [in the specimen of my collection]” received from M. Spinola. Costa (1866: 34) listed a single MZUN specimen numbered “731”.
description: Published as part of Sforzi, Alessandra & Sommaggio, Daniele, 2021, Catalog of the Diptera types described by Camillo Rondani, pp. 1-438 in Zootaxa 4989 (1) on page 374, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4989.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4980621
Pedagogia e Autismo: per una formazione degli operatori alla didattica scolastica
Creators: name: GALBUSERA, Barbara
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Bergamo
Year: 2020

description: Didattica speciale per lo studente che ha ricevuto una diagnosi all?interno dei Disturbi dello Spettro Autistico o didattica specifica per la persona? � sufficiente creare per gli operatori che lavorano nel contesto scolastico un percorso didattico ad hoc che sussuma i contributi delle scienze dell?educazione nello sguardo pedagogico del personalismo per dimostrare che una formazione attenta alla persona permette all?operatore di sfatare i ?falsi miti? che il termine autismo induce in lui, consente all?insegnante un maggior uso di intenzionalit�, libert� e responsabilit� nell?azione didattica e favorisce un miglioramento nel senso di autoefficacia. I docenti che lavorano nella scuola primaria pubblica italiana sono disposti a seguire questa prospettiva e a riscoprire la cultura educativa e pedagogica italiana nonostante a livello nazionale e internazionale si assiste ad una continua creazione e diffusione di tecniche specifiche per l?autismo a supporto della didattica scolastica? I genitori che hanno un figlio che ha ricevuto questa diagnosi e i professionisti che lavorano nei servizi sanitari quali prospettive teoretiche e interventi potrebbero sostenere? L?analisi dei dati di un questionario inviato online agli istituti scolastici italiani, l?esame accurato dei romanzi a tema autismo assunti come studio di caso clinico e la raccolta di narrazioni interpretate in chiave fenomenologica e sistemica dimostrano che vi � un terreno fertile per rimettere al centro del l�gos la persona.
Optimal Policy for Software Vulnerability Disclosure
Creators: name: Arora, Ashish
name: Telang, Rahul
name: Xu, Hao
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Software vulnerabilities represent a serious threat: most cyber-attacks exploit known vulnerabilities. Unfortunately, there is no agreed-upon policy for their disclosure – white-hats who discover vulnerabilities, security mailing lists and CERT follow different ad-hoc policies. This paper develops a framework to analyze the optimal timing of disclosure policy (time given to vendor to patch the vulnerability). Disclosure policy indirectly affects how the speed and quality of the patch that a vendor develops, and thus CERT and similar bodies acting in the public interest can use it to influence behavior of vendors and reduce social cost. We formulate a game-theoretic model involving a social planner who sets disclosure policy and a vendor who decides on patching. We show that vendors always choose to patch later than a socially optimal disclosure time. The social planner can optimally shrink the time window of disclosure to push vendors to deliver patch in a timely manner. We extend the basic model in a number of directions, most importantly, allowing for the proportion of users implementing patches to depend upon the quality of the patch, which is itself a choice variable for the vendor. Our paper provides a decision framework for understanding how disclosure timing may affect vendor’s decision and in turn, what should a policy maker do.
Network Theory in Finance: Applications to Financial Contagion Analysis and Portfolio Optimization
Creators: name: TORRI, Gabriele
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Bergamo
Year: 2021

description: Network theory is a powerful tool for the analysis of complex systems, and in recent years a growing body of literature highlights its financial applications. This work explores two fields of application of network theory in finance. The first is the modelization of systemic risk and financial contagion in a banking network, the second is portfolio optimization. Systemic risk is studied in three chapters: first we estimate sparse partial correlation networks build from credit default swaps (CDS) spreads using tlasso, a methodology based on the multivariate t-Student distribution, suitable for data with fat tails and outliers. Then we propose an analysis based on network-?CoVaR, a tail-risk network constructed using quantile graphical models. We study in depth the characteristics of the resulting networks, focusing in particular on the structural properties of the system. Finally, we study a liquidity contagion model in presence of a network with communities. The second field of application is portfolio optimization. In particular, the tlasso model is applied to the estimation of parameters in Markowitz style portfolios. The covariance matrix of a set of assets, and its inverse, the so-called precision matrix, are closely related to graphical models. Here, the previously cited tlasso model is used for the estimation of the precision matrix. Moreover, the interpretation of the precision matrix as a network opens the possibility to implement investment strategies based on network indicators. The main contributions of the thesis are the following: first, we introduce the use of tlasso in the financial literature, extending the results obtained. Then we introduce the network version of ?CoVaR, and we propose an estimation procedure based on the SCAD penalization framework. Concerning the study of systemic risk, this work is among the first to focus on the presence of a community structure in a banking system, that is particularly relevant in the European setting, where national borders are still relevant divisions.