cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Quantum sensing of weak electric and magnetic fields by coherent amplification of energy level shift effects
Creators: name: Vitanov, Nikolay V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A method for measuring small energy level shifts in a qubit by coherent amplification of their effect is proposed. It is based on the repeated application of the same interaction pulse in two manners: with the same phase of each subsequent pulse, and with an alternating phase shift of $π$ (i.e. a minus sign) from pulse to pulse. Two specific types of pulses are considered: a resonant $π$ pulse and an adiabatic chirped pulse, both of which produce complete population inversion with high fidelity. In the presence of a weak ambient external electric or magnetic field, the ensuing Stark or Zeeman shift leads to an energy level shift and hence a static detuning. In both the resonant and adiabatic approaches, a small level shift does not alter the transition probability very much; however, it can significantly change the dynamical phases in the propagator. The repeated application of the same pulse greatly amplifies the changes in the dynamical phases and maps them onto the populations. Hence the effect of the level shift can be measured with good accuracy. It is found that sequences of pulses with alternating phases deliver much greater error amplification and much steeper excitation profiles around resonance, thereby providing much higher sensitivity to small energy level shifts. Explicit analytic estimates of the sensitivity are derived using the well-known non-crossing Rosen-Zener and Rabi models and the level-crossing Demkov-Kunike model. This recipe provides a simple tool for rapid and accurate sensing of weak electric and magnetic fields by using the same pulse generating an inversion quantum gate, without sophisticated tomography or entangling operations.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Meta-optimization for Fully Automated Radiation Therapy Treatment Planning
Creators: name: Huang, Charles
name: Nomura, Yusuke
name: Yang, Yong
name: Xing, Lei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Objective: Radiation therapy treatment planning is a time-consuming process involving iterative adjustments of hyperparameters. To automate the treatment planning process, we propose a meta-optimization framework, called MetaPlanner (MP). Methods: Our MP algorithm automates planning by performing optimization of treatment planning hyperparameters. The algorithm uses a derivative-free method (i.e. parallel Nelder-Mead simplex search) to search for weight configurations that minimize a meta-scoring function. Meta-scoring is performed by constructing a tier list of the relevant considerations (e.g. dose homogeneity, conformity, spillage, and OAR sparing) to mimic the clinical decision-making process. Additionally, we have made our source code publicly available via github. Results: The proposed MP method is evaluated on two datasets (21 prostate cases and 6 head and neck cases) collected as part of clinical workflow. MP is applied to both IMRT and VMAT planning and compared to a baseline of manual VMAT plans. MP in both IMRT and VMAT scenarios has comparable or better performance than manual VMAT planning for all evaluated metrics. Conclusion: Our proposed MP provides a general framework for fully automated treatment planning that produces high quality treatment plans. Significance: Our MP method promises to substantially reduce the workload of treatment planners while maintaining or improving plan quality.
A novel T cell activating factor
Creators: name: Williams, Laura Dawn
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The maturation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) effectors from CTL precursors (CTLp) requires specific signals mediated through cellular interactions and soluble factors. The most studied factor is T cell growth factor (TCGF) which is also termed interleukin-2 (IL-2). This lymphokine is produced by T helper cells (TH) and induces activated CTLp to proliferate and differentiate. However, in the absence of mitogen or antigen stimulation, IL-2 alone cannot induce CTL (except in the case of very high cell density). A factor is described that is found in the supernatant of 4-β-phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-induced EL4 cells that can polyclonally activate CTL in the presence of IL-2. This factor elutes at 27 kilodaltons (KDa) on a G-100 column, and its target cell includes T cells of the Thyl⁺ Lyt2⁺ L3T4⁻ phenotype. The factor increases the frequency of IL-2 receptor expressing cells within a population, thereby increasing the response to IL-2. It is suggested that this factor acts through an alternative pathway of CTL activation which is independent of specific stimulation by antigen.
The automatic gain-matching in the PIBETA CsI calorimeter
Creators: name: Frlez, E.
name: Bychkov, M.
name: Pocanic, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Segmented electromagnetic calorimeters are used to determine both the total energy and direction (momentum components) of charged particles and photons. A trade off is involved in selecting the degree of segmentation of the calorimeter as the spatial and energy resolutions are affected differently. Increased number of individual detectors reduces accidental particle pile-up per detector but introduces complications related to ADC pedestals and pedestal variations, exacerbates the effects of electronic noise and ground loops, and requires summing and discrimination of multiple analog signals. Moreover, electromagnetic showers initiated by individual ionizing particles spread over several detectors. This complicates the precise gain-matching of the detector elements which requires an iterative procedure. The PIBETA calorimeter is a 240-module pure CsI non-magnetic detector optimized for detection of photons and electrons in the energy range 5-100 MeV. We present the computer-controlled, automatic, in situ gain-matching procedure that we developed and used routinely in several rare pion and muon decay experiments with the PIBETA detector.
description: 28 pages, 13 postscript figures, LaTeX, submitted to Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A
Multimessenger astronomy with a kHz-band gravitational-wave observatory
Creators: name: Sarin, Nikhil
name: Lasky, Paul D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Proposed next-generation networks of gravitational-wave observatories include dedicated kilohertz instruments that target neutron star science, such as the proposed Neutron Star Extreme Matter Observatory, NEMO. The original proposal for NEMO highlighted the need for it to exist in a network of gravitational-wave observatories to ensure detection confidence and sky localisation of sources. We show that NEMO-like observatories have significant utility on their own as coincident electromagnetic observations can provide the detection significance and sky localisation. We show that, with a single NEMO-like detector and expected electromagnetic observatories in the late 2020s and early 2030s such as the Vera C. Rubin observatory and SVOM, approximately $40\%$ of all binary neutron star mergers detected with gravitational waves could be confidently identified as coincident multimessenger detections. We show that we expect $2^{+10}_{-1}\rm{yr}^{-1}$ coincident observations of gravitational-wave mergers with gamma-ray burst prompt emission, $13^{+23}_{-10}\rm{yr}^{-1}$ detections with kilonova observations, and $4^{+18}_{-3}\rm{yr}^{-1}$ with broadband afterglows and kilonovae, where the uncertainties are $90\%$ confidence intervals arising from uncertainty in current merger-rate estimates. Combined, this implies a coincident detection rate of $14^{+25}_{-11}\rm{yr}^{-1}$ out to $300\rm{Mpc}$. These numbers indicate significant science potential for a single kilohertz gravitational-wave detector operating without a global network of other gravitational-wave observatories.
description: Published in PASA. 14 pages, 6 figures and 2 tables
Die Anzahl der Reflektionen bei zwei Spiegeln
Creators: name: Schröer, Harald
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Reflektionen, Reflexionen, Spiegel, Winkel, Hinweg, Rückweg, Anzahl

description: Der Strahlengang zwischen zwei Spiegeln, die um einen Winkel auseinandergeklappt sind, wird betrachtet. Es werden die Anzahl der Reflektionen bei Hin- und Rückweg bestimmt. Anschließend wird angedeutet wie lang der zurückgelegte Weg zwischen den beiden Spiegeln sein muß, damit ist ein Rückschluß auf die Zeit möglich, in der der Strahl zwischen den beiden Spiegeln verweilt.
Coherent coupling between vortex bound states and magnetic impurities in 2D layered superconductors
Creators: name: Park, Sunghun
name: Barrena, Vıctor
name: Mañas-Valero, Samuel
name: Baldoví, José J.
name: Fente, Antón
name: Herrera, Edwin
name: Mompeán, Federico
name: García-Hernández, Mar
name: Rubio, Ángel
name: Coronado, Eugenio
name: Yeyati, Alfredo Levy
name: Suderow, Hemann
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bound states in superconductors are expected to exhibit a spatially resolved electron-hole asymmetry which is the hallmark of their quantum nature. This asymmetry manifests as oscillations at the Fermi wavelength, which is usually tiny and thus washed out by thermal broadening or by scattering at defects. Here we demonstrate theoretically and confirm experimentally that, when coupled to magnetic impurities, bound states in a vortex core exhibit an emergent axial electron-hole asymmetry on a much longer scale, set by the coherence length. We study vortices in 2H-NbSe$_2$ and in 2H-NbSe$_{1.8}$S_{0.2}$ with magnetic impurities, characterizing these with detailed Hubbard-corrected density functional calculations. We find that the induced electron-hole imbalance depends on the band character of the superconducting material. Our results open interesting prospects for the study of coupled superconducting bound states.
Additional file 1 of Combined macromolecule biomaterials together with fluid shear stress promote the osteogenic differentiation capacity of equine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells
Creators: name: Elashry, Mohamed I.
name: Baulig, Nadine
name: Alena-Svenja Wagner
name: Klymiuk, Michele C.
name: Kruppke, Benjamin
name: Hanke, Thomas
name: Wenisch, Sabine
name: Arnhold, Stefan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Fig. 1a. Flow cytometry analysis for specific stem cells markers including CD44, CD90, CD105, CD45 and major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII) for ASCs isolated from retroperitoneal (RP), subcutaneous (SC) and lipoma (LP) as previously reported from our group (Arnhold et al. 2019): Investigation of stemness and multipotency of equine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) from different fat sources in comparison with lipoma. In Stem cell research & therapy 10 (1), p. 309. Supplementary Fig. 1b. Calculation of the fluid shear stress (FSS) according to Zhou et al. (2010)
Overview of Alternative System Configurations for Very Large Scale PV Power Plants
Creators: name: Marinopoulos, A.
name: Bakas, P.
name: Papastergiou, K.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: PV Systems
Large PV Power Plants and Distributed PV: System Aspects and Grid Connection

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3805-3810
description: As PV systems technology is reaching maturity, questions on the overall system configuration and
especially on the conversion chain of very large scale systems (higher than 100 MW) arise. Several concepts exist in
the literature and some of them have been already applied in combination with other power generation technologies.
Therefore, it is important to evaluate the suitability of these concepts for the field of PV power generation and
understand better the benefits and drawbacks. In this paper four different system configurations with the
corresponding main required components are presented. The standard concept of central inverters and medium/high
voltage transformers, which is currently used in medium and large scale PV systems, is the starting point of the study.
The other three alternatives include high power DC-DC converters connected in series or in parallel, as well as
cascaded DC-AC converters. In addition, the different systems are evaluated based on performance criteria for
different geographical locations and the technical challenges are outlined.
Nonequilibrium 1/f Noise in Low-doped Manganite Single Crystals
Creators: name: Wu, X. D.
name: Dolgin, B.
name: Jung, G.
name: Markovich, V.
name: Yuzhelevski, Y.
name: Belogolovskii, M.
name: Mukovskii, Ya. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: 1/f noise in current biased La0.82Ca0.18MnO3 crystals has been investigated. The temperature dependence of the noise follows the resistivity changes with temperature suggesting that resistivity fluctuations constitute a fixed fraction of the total resistivity, independently of the dissipation mechanism and magnetic state of the system. The noise scales as a square of the current as expected for equilibrium resistivity fluctuations. However, at 77 K at bias exceeding some threshold, the noise intensity starts to decrease with increasing bias. The appearance of nonequilibrium noise is interpreted in terms of bias dependent multi-step indirect tunneling.
description: 4pages, 3figures,APL accepted
The Hipparcos-Gaia Catalog of Accelerations: Gaia EDR3 Edition
Creators: name: Brandt, Timothy D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a cross-calibration of Hipparcos and Gaia EDR3 intended to identify astrometrically accelerating stars and to fit orbits to stars with faint, massive companions. The resulting catalog, the EDR3 edition of the Hipparcos-Gaia Catalog of Accelerations (HGCA), provides three proper motions with calibrated uncertainties on the EDR3 reference frame: the Hipparcos proper motion, the Gaia EDR3 proper motion, and the long-term proper motion given by the difference in position between Hipparcos and Gaia EDR3. Our approach is similar to that for the Gaia DR2 edition of the HGCA, but offers a factor of ~3 improvement in precision thanks to the longer time baseline and improved data processing of Gaia EDR3. We again find that a 60/40 mixture of the two Hipparcos reductions outperforms either reduction individually, and we find strong evidence for locally variable frame rotations between all pairs of proper motion measurements. The substantial global frame rotation seen in DR2 proper motions has been removed in EDR3. We also correct for color- and magnitude-dependent frame rotations at a level of up to ~50 $μ$as/yr in Gaia EDR3. We calibrate the Gaia EDR3 uncertainties using a sample of radial velocity standard stars without binary companions; we find an error inflation factor (a ratio of total to formal uncertainty) of 1.37. This is substantially lower than the position dependent factor of ~1.7 found for Gaia DR2 and reflects the improved data processing in EDR3. While the catalog should be used with caution, its proper motion residuals provide a powerful tool to measure the masses and orbits of faint, massive companions to nearby stars.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures, 4 tables. ApJS accepted. Catalog available pre-publication at http://physics.ucsb.edu/~tbrandt/HGCA_vEDR3.fits
sequencing Raw Data
Creators: name: Kahaer, Mayina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 60401 Anthropological Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Xinjiang, China, is a multi-ethnic gathering area with shorter spring and summer times, longer autumn and winter durations, and lower temperatures. The living and eating habits of different ethnic groups are very different and the intake of beef and mutton is pretty high . In addition, with the improvement of living standards, the consumption of high-fat and dairy foods continues to increase, causing a stably growing obesity problem in the urban population, which is one of the predisposing factors of hyperuricemia. However, our survey between 2008-2013 showed that the detection rate of hyperuricemia among Uighur residents aged 20-80 in Xinjiang was only 8.2%, much lower than that of Han residents (27.3%). Following study has revealed that 1) there are differences in urate levels and the incidence of hyperuricemia among different ethnic groups in Xinjiang; 2) the diet structure and lifestyle of various ethnic groups are associated with certain relevant environmental factors of hyperuricemia, which are also different among different ethnic groups.At present, there are few large sample reports on the ABCG2 gene in Xinjiang population. Thus, in this study, we investigated the distribution and association of ABCG2 gene rs2231142 SNP with hyperuricemia in patients from different ethnic groups of Xinjiang.
Thermodynamics of Concentration vs Flux Control in Chemical Reaction Networks
Creators: name: Avanzini, Francesco
name: Esposito, Massimiliano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the thermodynamic implications of two control mechanisms of open chemical reaction networks. The first controls the concentrations of the species that are exchanged with the surroundings, while the other controls the exchange fluxes. We show that the two mechanisms can be mapped one into the other and that the thermodynamic theories usually developed in the framework of concentration control can be applied to flux control as well. This implies that the thermodynamic potential and the fundamental forces driving chemical reaction networks out of equilibrium can be identified in the same way for both mechanisms. By analyzing the dynamics and thermodynamics of a simple enzymatic model we also show that, while the two mechanisms are equivalent at steady state, the flux control may lead to fundamentally different regimes where systems achieve stationary growth.
Free energy of (CoxMn1-x)3O4 mixed phases from machine-learning-enhanced ab initio calculations
Creators: name: Wallace, Suzanne K.
name: Bochkarev, Anton S.
name: van Roekeghem, Ambroise
name: Carrasco, Javier
name: Shapeev, Alexander
name: Mingo, Natalio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (CoxMn1-x)3O4 is a promising candidate material for solar thermochemical energy storage. A high-temperature model for this system would provide a valuable tool for evaluating its potential. However, predicting phase diagrams of complex systems with ab initio calculations is challenging due to the varied sources affecting the free energy, and with the prohibitive amount of configurations needed in the configurational entropy calculation. In this work, we compare three different machine learning (ML) approaches for sampling the configuration space of (CoxMn1-x)3O4, including a simpler ML approach, which would be suitable for application in high-throughput studies. We use experimental data for a feature of the phase diagram to assess the accuracy of model predictions. We find that with some methods, data pre-treatment is needed to obtain accurate predictions due to inherently composition-imbalanced training data for a mixed phase. We highlight that the important entropy contributions depend on the physical regimes of the system under investigation and that energy predictions with ML models are more challenging at compositions where there are energetically competing ground state crystal structures. Similar methods to those outlined here can be used to screen other candidate materials for thermochemical energy storage
Energy and centrality dependence of particle production at very low transverse momenta in Au+Au collisions
Creators: name: Gburek, Tomasz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The PHOBOS experiment at RHIC has the unique capability of measuring particle production at very low transverse momenta. New results on low-transverse momentum invariant yields of pions, kaons, protons and antiprotons in 200 GeV Au+Au collisions are presented as a function of the collision centrality for the 50% most central events. In contrast to the results from d+Au collisions, no $m_{T}$ scaling is observed in the very low $p_{T}$ region. The low transverse momentum yields agree with extrapolations from intermediate transverse momentum measurements. For all collision centralities a flattening of the transverse momentum spectra is observed, consistent with a rapid transverse expansion of the system.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures, presented at the 19th International Conference on Ultra-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions, "Quark Matter 2008", Jaipur, India, February 4-10, 2008
Market Entrance of PV Industry in Emerging Markets
Creators: name: Kost, C.
name: Thomsen, J.
name: Schlegl, T.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: PV - a Major Electricity Source
PV Globalisation, Policies and Administrative Barriers

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4753-4756
description: This paper evaluates the barriers and obstacles when developing new PV production facilities for cells,
modules, inverters and other balance of systems (BOS) components as well as implementing PV power plants in
emerging markets. These often present a more difficult business and regulatory framework compared to the wellknown
established solar markets. Based on a case study for Morocco within the context of the Moroccan Solar Plan
(MSP), the central key issues and main decision criteria for the evaluation of potential production facilities or new PV
power plants are identified. Constraints like legal barriers, local market developments, economic attractiveness,
investment climate hinder the investment in the Moroccan PV market of international as well as local companies.
Moreover, the market size and the export possibilities are further essential decision criteria. For the implementation
of PV power plants in emerging markets, an easy authorization process, a guaranteed grid connection and local
suppliers were identified as main influence factors concerning the project success. The analysis of the status-quo,
potential barriers and possible strategies helps PV companies to understand the market demand and to overcome
entrance difficulties. As local service providers for the grid connection and power plant installation are on the edge of
starting new solar activities in emerging markets, international project developers and installers have to analysis
potential local suppliers carefully.
Table 1.docx
Creators: name: Kahaer, Mayina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 60401 Anthropological Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Xinjiang, China, is a multi-ethnic gathering area with shorter spring and summer times, longer autumn and winter durations, and lower temperatures. The living and eating habits of different ethnic groups are very different and the intake of beef and mutton is pretty high . In addition, with the improvement of living standards, the consumption of high-fat and dairy foods continues to increase, causing a stably growing obesity problem in the urban population, which is one of the predisposing factors of hyperuricemia. However, our survey between 2008-2013 showed that the detection rate of hyperuricemia among Uighur residents aged 20-80 in Xinjiang was only 8.2%, much lower than that of Han residents (27.3%). Following study has revealed that 1) there are differences in urate levels and the incidence of hyperuricemia among different ethnic groups in Xinjiang; 2) the diet structure and lifestyle of various ethnic groups are associated with certain relevant environmental factors of hyperuricemia, which are also different among different ethnic groups.At present, there are few large sample reports on the ABCG2 gene in Xinjiang population. Thus, in this study, we investigated the distribution and association of ABCG2 gene rs2231142 SNP with hyperuricemia in patients from different ethnic groups of Xinjiang.
Bulk Negative Index Photonic Metamaterials for Direct Laser Writing
Creators: name: Güney, Durdu Ö.
name: Koschny, Thomas
name: Kafesaki, Maria
name: Soukoulis, Costas M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show the designs of one- and two-dimensional photonic negative index metamaterials around telecom wavelengths. Designed bulk structures are inherently connected, which render their fabrication feasible by direct laser writing and chemical vapor deposition.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Opt. Lett
A Novel Cassegrain-Type Concentrator Photovoltaic Module: Design, Prototyping and Characterization
Creators: name: Pozzetti, L.
name: Musio, M.
name: Vincenzi, D.
name: Baricordi, S.
name: Damiano, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Material Studies, New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
Terrestrial Concentrator Systems

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 239-243
description: In the present paper a novel configuration of a Cassegrain-type concentrator photovoltaic (CPV)
module has been presented. The module has been developed by Physics Department of the University of Ferrara and
tested and characterized at the Sardegna Ricerche Photovoltaic Laboratory. The CPV receiver design and the module
structure have been firstly reported and described in detail to highlight the carefulness in components and material
choice. An exhaustive outdoor characterization have been carried out to evaluate the impact of weather patterns on
the system power and efficiency. In particular, the effects of irradiance, ambient temperature and wind speed on the
performance of a single receiver have been deeply investigated. Finally the influence of the cell temperature on the
CPV prototype electrical and thermal performances have been assessed.
Unified description of cuprate superconductors using four-band $d$-$p$ model
Creators: name: Watanabe, Hiroshi
name: Shirakawa, Tomonori
name: Seki, Kazuhiro
name: Sakakibara, Hirofumi
name: Kotani, Takao
name: Ikeda, Hiroaki
name: Yunoki, Seiji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the 35 years since the discovery of cuprate superconductors, we have not yet reached a unified understanding of their properties, including their material dependence of the superconducting transition temperature $T_{\text{c}}$. The preceding theoretical and experimental studies have provided an overall picture of the phase diagram, and some important parameters for the $T_{\text{c}}$, such as the contribution of the Cu $d_{z^2}$ orbital to the Fermi surface and the site-energy difference $Δ_{dp}$ between the Cu $d_{x^2-y^2}$ and O $p$ orbitals. However, they are somewhat empirical and limited in scope, always including exceptions, and do not provide a comprehensive view of the series of cuprates. Here we propose a four-band $d$-$p$ model as a minimal model to study material dependence in cuprates. Using the variational Monte Carlo method, we theoretically investigate the phase diagram for the La$_2$CuO$_4$ and HgBa$_2$CuO$_4$ systems and the correlation between the key parameters and the superconductivity. Our results comprehensively account for the empirical correlation between $T_{\text{c}}$ and model parameters, and thus can provide a guideline for new material design. We also show that the effect of the nearest-neighbor $d$-$d$ Coulomb interaction $V_{dd}$ is actually quite important for the stability of superconductivity and phase competition.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Research
Analytic results for Sudakov form factors in QCD
Creators: name: Ebert, Markus A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sudakov form factors appear ubiquitously in factorized cross sections where they allow one to resum large logarithms to all orders in perturbation theory. Their exact evaluation requires numerical integrals over anomalous dimensions, which in practice can hamper efficiency. Alternatively, one can use approximate analytic solutions, which provide fast evaluation at the cost of numerical precision and loss of properties such as renormalization group invariance. We provide an exact analytic expression of the QCD Sudakov form factor which allows one to obtain fast and numerically exact results.
Flexibility of Japan’s Power System to Accommodate PV Penetration in 2030
Creators: name: Ogimoto, K.
name: Ikeda, Y.
name: Kataoka, K.
name: Ikegami, T.
name: Oozeki, T.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: PV - a Major Electricity Source
PV in the Electricity Mix

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4425-4430
description: After the nuclear accident on March 11, 2011, the power demand and supply structure in Japan has
been fragile due to the unavailability almost all the nuclear power plants. PV and other renewable generations are
expected to grow their capacity as a future substantial generation option. This paper, based on a power demand and
supply analysis of Japanese ten power system in 2030 including the evaluation of balancing capability of a power
system, discusses the future generation mix including PV, and further discusses the operational flexibility of Japan’s
power systems, requirement for future renewable generation curtailment, and future balancing technologies such as
demand activation and energy storage.
Time resolved 3Dinterferometric imaging of a section of a negative leader with LOFAR
Creators: name: Scholten, Olaf
name: Hare, Brian
name: Dwyer, Joe
name: Liu, Ningyu
name: Sterpka, Chris
name: Buitink, Stijn
name: Huege, Tim
name: Nelles, Anna
name: ter Veen, Sander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have developed a three dimensional (3D) interferometric beamforming technique for imaging lightning flashes using Very-High Frequency (VHF) radio data recorded from several hundreds antennas with baselines up to 100~km as offered by the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR). The long baselines allow us to distinguish fine structures on the scale of meters while the large number of antennas allow us to observe processes that radiate at the same intensity as the background when using a time resolution that is close to the impulse-response time of the system, 100~ns. The new beamforming imaging technique is complementary to our existing impulsive imaging technique. We apply this new tool to the imaging of a four stepped negative leaders in two flashes. For one flash, we observe the dynamics of coronal flashes that are emitted in the stepping process. Additionally, we show that the intensity emitted in VHF during the stepping process follows a power-law over 4 orders of magnitude in intensity for four leaders in two different lightning storms.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Optimization of Laser Processed Back-Contacted Silicon Solar Cells
Creators: name: Kulushich, G.
name: Zapf-Gottwick, R.
name: Samadi, A.
name: Werner, J.H.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Characterization and Modelling

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1272-1277
description: This work applies computer modeling to optimize the structure of laser-processed ipv back-contact
back-junction n-type c-Si solar cells. We employ a 2D numerical device simulator to investigate the conversion
efficiency , the short circuit current density Jsc, the open circuit voltage Voc, and the fill factor FF of the cells with
different profiles of laser doped emitter, laser doped back surface field (BSF), and furnace diffused front surface field
(FSF). Additionally, by applying an analytical model, we investigate the influence of the finger line resistance on FF
and  for different pitches p. A pitch p = 1200 μm demonstrates the highest conversion efficiency  = 23.4 % for the
simulated 6” solar cell by experimentally achieved FSF, BSF, and emitter profiles, and a metallization with resistivity
 = 5 μΩcm.
Additional file 1 of Novel fusion peptide‐mediated siRNA delivery using self‐assembled nanocomplex
Creators: name: Ryu, Yeong Chae
name: Kim, Kyung Ah
name: Kim, Byoung Choul
name: Wang, Hui-Min David
name: Hwang, Byeong Hee
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. List of peptides used in this study. Table S2. Average size, polydispersity index (PdI), and zeta potential of complexes with siRNA and each peptide. The data represented the mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). Table S3. Primer sequences used in real-time PCR. Table S4. Absorbance measurement of released LDH. The data represented the mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). Table S5. Relative in vivo fluorescence values by normalized mean of intensity. The data represented the mean ± standard deviation (n = 4). The outliers were removed by the Grubbs’ test. Table S6. Relative in vivo fluorescence values by normalized integrated density. The data represented the mean ± standard deviation (n = 4). The outliers were removed by the Grubbs’ test. Table S7. Relative in vivo fluorescence values by normalized integrated density. The data represented mean ± standard deviation (n = 4). Figure S1. Cellular uptake evaluation of siRNA/peptide nanocomplexes into HeLa and HaCaT cells using flow cytometry. Cy3-labeled IL10-siRNAs of final 200 nM concentration were delivered into each 3.0 × 105 cells in a 6-well plate via PC: Lipofectamine™ 2000 as a commercialized positive control, SPACE, R11, S-R7, S-R11, and S-R15 (20:1 N/P ratio) for 4 h. Fluorescent cells of free siRNA and each condition exhibited in red and green populations, respectively. The population of fluorescent-positive cells was expressed as a percentage. Figure S2. Optimization of siRNA concentration by GAPDH activity assay. GAPDH-siRNA/S-R15 nanocomplex was delivered into 3.0 × 103 cells with the final siRNA concentrations of 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 nM in a 96-well plate for 5 h. After the media replacement, the cells were further incubated for 48 h. (a) The GAPDH activities were measured using a fluorescence spectrophotometer following manufacturer’s protocols. The relative GAPDH activity was represented as the GAPDH activity divided by total protein concentration. (b) Total proteins were quantified using Bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay. Both graphs ​​were expressed based on the value at 50 nM as 100%. The data represented mean ± standard deviation (*p
Drivers and a Case Study for Minigrid Implementations: Expanding Markets for PV
Creators: name: Skumanich, A.
name: Fulton, S.
name: Polsani, K.
name: Reddy, S.
name: Mints, P.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: PV Systems
Off-grid Applications

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3880-3884
description: The authors present a case study of a minigrid project in India where they are providing guidance.
Minigrids provide a crucial mode of energy generation. A key balance is between: Energy & Cost. The authors use
modeling to analyze a Phase I base level remote 13 kW PV/battery minigrid configuration that provides basic lighting
and mobile phone charging for a 79-home tribal habitation in Visakhapatnam (Vizag) District of Andhra Pradesh
state. Phase I analysis of the base level system configuration shows that the 100% renewable system can provide 8
hours of basic household lighting and 2 hours of cell phone charging with less than 8% annual capacity shortage. For
expansion, the authors analyze and quantify the optimal combination of energy sources that may be added to the base
level system for a two-fold increase in electrical output. Results indicate the best option is to triple PV capacity and
quadruple the battery bank. Economic metrics favor doubling PV, tripling the battery bank and adding a diesel
generator into the mix if fuel transport becomes more reliable. Results also indicate that integration of wind turbines
is an economically competitive option; however, the remoteness of the village creates significant operation and
maintenance limitations.
Additional file 7 of Disentangling the mechanisms shaping the surface ocean microbiota
Creators: name: Logares, Ramiro
name: Deutschmann, Ina M.
name: Junger, Pedro C.
name: Giner, Caterina R.
name: Krabberød, Anders K.
name: Schmidt, Thomas S. B.
name: Rubinat-Ripoll, Laura
name: Mestre, Mireia
name: Salazar, Guillem
name: Ruiz-González, Clara
name: Sebastián, Marta
name: de Vargas, Colomban
name: Acinas, Silvia G.
name: Duarte, Carlos M.
name: Gasol, Josep M.
name: Massana, Ramon
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 7: Figure S4. The 57 Malaspina stations for which 17 environmental parameters were available (Meta-57 dataset).
Validation of a Model to Study CPV Silicon Solar Cells Behaviour under Inhomogeneous Irradiation
Creators: name: Filipa, F.
name: Wemans, J.
name: Sorasio, G.
name: Brito, M.C.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Material Studies, New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
Terrestrial Concentrator Systems

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 228-231
description: The solar cells that integrate Concentration Photovoltaic (CPV) systems are usually subjected to
inhomogeneous illumination profiles which set specific current and temperature distributions on the device thus
modifying its ohmic losses and consequently the I-V curve. For an accurate estimation of the CPV cell output under
such inhomogeneous profile, we have developed an electric model that takes into account the ‘distributed diode
effect’. This model is validated for a high efficiency silicon solar cell under different inhomogeneous illumination
profiles and a range of operating temperatures.
Effects of the halo concentration distribution on strong-lensing optical depth and X-ray emission
Creators: name: Fedeli, C.
name: Bartelmann, M.
name: Meneghetti, M.
name: Moscardini, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use simulated merger trees of galaxy-cluster halos to study the effect of the halo concentration distribution on strong lensing and X-ray emission. Its log-normal shape typically found in simulations favors outliers with high concentration. Since, at fixed mass, more concentrated halos tend to be more efficient lenses, the scatter in the concentration increases the strong-lensing optical depth by $\lesssim50%$. Within cluster samples, mass and concentration have counteracting effects on strong lensing and X-ray emission because the concentration decreases for increasing mass. Selecting clusters by concentration thus has no effect on the lensing cross section. The most efficiently lensing and hottest clusters are typically the \textit{least} concentrated in samples with a broad mass range. Among cluster samples with a narrow mass range, however, the most strongly lensing and X-ray brightest clusters are typically 10% to 25% more concentrated.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures. Version accepted by A&A
Additional file 1 of Induced neural stem cell grafts exert neuroprotection through an interaction between Crry and Akt in a mouse model of closed head injury
Creators: name: Mou Gao
name: Dong, Qin
name: Wenjia Wang
name: Zhijun Yang
name: Guo, Lili
name: Yingzhou Lu
name: Boyun Ding
name: Lihua Chen
name: Jianning Zhang
name: Ruxiang Xu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Multi-Objective Design of Battery Operation in a Photovoltaic System by Means of PV Output and Load Power Forecasts
Creators: name: Hayashi, T.
name: Wakao, S.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: PV Systems
Large PV Power Plants and Distributed PV: System Aspects and Grid Connection

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4087-4091
description: Recently, photovoltaic (PV) systems have attracted
attention because of global environmental issues such as
global warming and exhaustion of fossil fuels. However,
since PV output fluctuates according to weather
conditions, PV systems need to be connected with an
electrical grid to utilize stably the solar power. If PV
systems are intensively connected with an electrical grid
of a specific area, the voltage at each residence increases
due to the reversal PV power flow. Although we can
overcome the issue by equipping the active power control
function with PV systems, the PV output reduction
becomes a further problem. Therefore, it is proposed to
install a storage battery in the PV system in order to
resolve the problems described above. On this occasion,
we must clarify its demerits such as the additional costs
and CO2 emission as well as its merits. Therefore, we
have applied the multi-objective optimization to the
design problems of the battery operation in the PV
system and have evaluated the PV system from various
perspectives.
Resolving Discrepancies in Spin-Torque Ferromagnetic Resonance Measurements: Lineshape vs. Linewidth Analyses
Creators: name: Karimeddiny, Saba
name: Ralph, Daniel C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When spin-orbit torques are measured using spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance (ST-FMR), two alternative ways of analyzing the results to extract the torque efficiencies -- lineshape analysis and analysis of the change in linewidth versus DC current -- often give inconsistent results. We identify a source for these inconsistencies. We show that fits of ST-FMR data to the standard analysis framework leave significant residuals that we identify as due to (i) current-induced excitations of a small volume of magnetic material with magnetic damping much larger than the bulk of the magnetic layer, that we speculate is associated with the heavy-metal/magnet interface and (ii) oscillations of the sample magnetization at the modulation frequency due to heating. The dependence of the residual signals on DC current can interfere with an accurate extraction of spin-torque efficiencies by the linewidth method. We show that the discrepancies between the two types of analysis can be largely eliminated by extrapolating the window of magnetic fields used in the linewidth fits to small values so as to minimize the influence of the residual signals.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
Modeling of Experimental QSSPC Curves to Study the Impact of Extended Gettering Time on Recombination-Trapping Activity in HEM Multicrystalline Silicon
Creators: name: Khelifati, N.
name: Bouhafs, D.
name: Abaidia, S.E.H.
name: Boumaour, M.
name: Palahouane, B.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Feedstock, Crystallisation and Wafering

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 977-979
description: We have investigated the effect of extended phosphorus diffusion gettering (PDG) on recombination and
trapping activity in multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si). The study was made after phosphorous diffusion and according to
different extended annealing times (tL). Using quasi-steady state photoconductance (QSSPC) technique and Iodine-
Ethanol surface passivation method, the apparent lifetime dependent minority carrier density curves have been obtained.
The modeling of apparent lifetime curves using Hornbeck-Haynes model, leads to estimate the values of different
recombination and trapping parameters and follow their variation according to tL. Indeed, the modeling results showed a
significant decrease of recombination center density for tL range 60-180 min, and a quasi-constancy of the symmetry
parameter k around the values associated to interstitials Co, W atoms and CrB, FeB pairs. On the other hand, the trapping
center concentration showed a slight increase according to tL with a notable stability of their trapping time to escape time
ratio.
Using Motion History Images with 3D Convolutional Networks in Isolated Sign Language Recognition
Creators: name: Sincan, Ozge Mercanoglu
name: Keles, Hacer Yalim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Sign language recognition using computational models is a challenging problem that requires simultaneous spatio-temporal modeling of the multiple sources, i.e. faces, hands, body, etc. In this paper, we propose an isolated sign language recognition model based on a model trained using Motion History Images (MHI) that are generated from RGB video frames. RGB-MHI images represent spatio-temporal summary of each sign video effectively in a single RGB image. We propose two different approaches using this RGB-MHI model. In the first approach, we use the RGB-MHI model as a motion-based spatial attention module integrated into a 3D-CNN architecture. In the second approach, we use RGB-MHI model features directly with the features of a 3D-CNN model using a late fusion technique. We perform extensive experiments on two recently released large-scale isolated sign language datasets, namely AUTSL and BosphorusSign22k. Our experiments show that our models, which use only RGB data, can compete with the state-of-the-art models in the literature that use multi-modal data.