cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Clustering of Galaxies in a Hierarchical Universe: III. Mock Redshift Surveys
Creators: name: Diaferio, Antonaldo
name: Kauffmann, Guinevere
name: Colberg, Joerg M.
name: White, Simon D. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is the third paper in a series which combines N-body simulations and semi-analytic modelling to provide a fully spatially resolved simulation of the galaxy formation and clustering processes. Here we extract mock redshift surveys from our simulations: a Cold Dark Matter model with either Omega_0=1 (tauCDM) or Omega_0=0.3 and Lambda=0.7 (LambdaCDM). We compare the mock catalogues with the northern region (CfA2N) of the Center for Astrophysics (CfA) Redshift Surveys. We study the properties of galaxy groups and clusters identified using standard observational techniques and we study the relation of these groups to real virialised systems. Most features of CfA2N groups are reproduced quite well by both models with no obvious dependence on Omega_0. Redshift space correlations and pairwise velocities are also similar in the two cosmologies. The luminosity functions predicted by our galaxy formation models depend sensitively on the treatment of star formation and feedback. For the particular choices of Paper I they agree poorly with the CfA survey. To isolate the effect of this discrepancy on our mock redshift surveys, we modify galaxy luminosities in our simulations to reproduce the CfA luminosity function exactly. This adjustment improves agreement with the observed abundance of groups, which depends primarily on the galaxy luminosity density, but other statistics, connected more closely with the underlying mass distribution, remain unaffected. Regardless of the luminosity function adopted, modest differences with observation remain. These can be attributed to the presence of the ``Great Wall'' in the CfA2N. It is unclear whether the greater coherence of the real structure is a result of cosmic variance, given the relatively small region studied, or reflects a physical deficiency of the models.
description: 47 pages, LaTex, 17 figures, MNRAS, in press; one figure added
Additional file 1: of Genomic profiles of primary and metastatic esophageal adenocarcinoma identified via digital sorting of pure cell populations: results from a case report
Creators: name: Isidori, Federica
name: Malvi, Deborah
name: Fittipaldi, Silvia
name: Forcato, Claudio
name: Bozzarelli, Isotta
name: Sala, Claudia
name: Raulli, Giovanni
name: DâErrico, Antonia
name: Fiorentino, Michelangelo
name: Seri, Marco
name: Kausilia Krishnadath
name: Bonora, Elena
name: Mattioli, Sandro
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer

description: Supplementary methods and metarials. (DOCX 79 kb)
Limit laws of maximal Birkhoff sums for circle rotations via quantum modular forms
Creators: name: Borda, Bence
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37A50, 37E10, 11F37, 11K60

description: In this paper, we show how quantum modular forms naturally arise in the ergodic theory of circle rotations. Working with the classical Birkhoff sum $S_N(α)=\sum_{n=1}^N (\{ n α\}-1/2)$, we prove that the maximum and the minimum as well as certain exponential moments of $S_N(r)$ as functions of $r \in \mathbb{Q}$ satisfy a direct analogue of Zagier's continuity conjecture, originally stated for a quantum invariant of the figure-eight knot. As a corollary, we find the limit distribution of $\max_{0 \le N
description: 34 pages, 4 figures
Sunspot transition region oscillations in NOAA 8156
Creators: name: Brynildsen, N.
name: Leifsen, T.
name: Kjeldseth-Moe, O.
name: Maltby, P.
name: Wilhelm, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on observations obtained with the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory - SOHO joint observing program for velocity fields in sunspot regions, we have detected 3 min transition region umbral oscillations in NOAA 8156. Simultaneous recordings of O V $λ$629 and N V $λ$1238, $λ$1242 with the SUMER instrument give the spatial distribution of power in the 3 min oscillations, both in intensity and line-of-sight velocity. Comparing loci with the same phase we find that the entire umbral transition region oscillates. The observed maxima in peak line intensity are nearly in phase with the maxima in velocity directed towards the observer. We discuss the suggestion that the waves are upward propagating acoustic waves.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Fringilla montifringilla Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Fringillidae
Fringilla
Fringilla montifringilla

description: Fringilla montifringilla [spec. nov.]
F. alarum basi subtus flavissima. Fn. svec. 198. t. 2. f. 198.
Montifringilla s. Fringilla montana. Jonst. av. 99. t. 38. Will. orn. 187. t. 45. f. 5. Raj. av. 88. Alb. av. 3. p. 60. t. 64. Frisch. av.. t. 3. f. 2. 3. Olin. av. 32. Aldr. orn. l. 18. c. 7
Habitat in Europa.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 179, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Anomalous 1D fluctuations of a simple 2D random walk in a large deviation regime
Creators: name: Nechaev, Sergei
name: Polovnikov, Kirill
name: Shlosman, Senya
name: Valov, Alexander
name: Vladimirov, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The following question is the subject of our work: could a two-dimensional random path pushed by some constraints to an improbable "large deviation regime", possess extreme statistics with one-dimensional Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) fluctuations? The answer is positive, though non-universal, since the fluctuations depend on the underlying geometry. We consider in details two examples of 2D systems for which imposed external constraints force the underlying stationary stochastic process to stay in an atypical regime with anomalous statistics. The first example deals with the fluctuations of a stretched 2D random walk above a semicircle or a triangle. In the second example we consider a 2D biased random walk along a channel with forbidden voids of circular and triangular shapes. In both cases we are interested in the dependence of a typical span $\left< d(t) \right> \sim t^γ$ of the trajectory of $t$ steps above the top of the semicircle or the triangle. We show that $γ= \frac{1}{3}$, i.e. $\left< d(t) \right>$ shares the KPZ statistics for the semicircle, while $γ=0$ for the triangle. We propose heuristic derivations of scaling exponents $γ$ for different geometries, justify them by explicit analytic computations and compare with numeric simulations. For practical purposes, our results demonstrate that the geometry of voids in a channel might have a crucial impact on the width of the boundary layer and, thus, on the heat transfer in the channel.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures, some parts of the paper are rewritten
Additional file 2: of Association of different iron deficiency cutoffs with adverse outcomes in chronic kidney disease
Creators: name: Eisenga, Michele
name: Nolte, Ilja
name: Meer, Peter Van Der
name: Bakker, Stephan
name: Gaillard, Carlo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Marine Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Table S2. Association of different cutoff values of ferritin and TSAT, adjusted for age and sex, with respect to risk of cardiovascular mortality in CKD patients (based on eGFR 30 mg/24 h or albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥ 30 mg/g). (PDF 229 kb)
Scanning Only Once: An End-to-end Framework for Fast Temporal Grounding in Long Videos
Creators: name: Pan, Yulin
name: He, Xiangteng
name: Gong, Biao
name: Lv, Yiliang
name: Shen, Yujun
name: Peng, Yuxin
name: Zhao, Deli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Video temporal grounding aims to pinpoint a video segment that matches the query description. Despite the recent advance in short-form videos (\textit{e.g.}, in minutes), temporal grounding in long videos (\textit{e.g.}, in hours) is still at its early stage. To address this challenge, a common practice is to employ a sliding window, yet can be inefficient and inflexible due to the limited number of frames within the window. In this work, we propose an end-to-end framework for fast temporal grounding, which is able to model an hours-long video with \textbf{one-time} network execution. Our pipeline is formulated in a coarse-to-fine manner, where we first extract context knowledge from non-overlapped video clips (\textit{i.e.}, anchors), and then supplement the anchors that highly response to the query with detailed content knowledge. Besides the remarkably high pipeline efficiency, another advantage of our approach is the capability of capturing long-range temporal correlation, thanks to modeling the entire video as a whole, and hence facilitates more accurate grounding. Experimental results suggest that, on the long-form video datasets MAD and Ego4d, our method significantly outperforms state-of-the-arts, and achieves \textbf{14.6$\times$} / \textbf{102.8$\times$} higher efficiency respectively. Project can be found at \url{https://github.com/afcedf/SOONet.git}.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures
The Dark Matter problem
Creators: name: Bosma, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In these notes I will briefly summarize our knowledge about the dark matter problem, and emphasize the corresponding dynamical aspects. This covers a wide area of research, so I have been selective, and have concentrated on the subject of dark matter in nearby galaxies, in particular spirals.
description: 18 pages, no figures, lectures at "Chaotic Dynamics of Gravitational Systems", to be published in Celestial Mechanics
Emberiza alario Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Emberizidae
Emberiza
Emberiza alario

description: Emberiza alario [spec. nov.]
E. capite pectoreque atro, abdomine albo, alis rubris.
Passer capensis. Alb. av. 3. p. 63. t. 67.
Habitat ad Cap. b. Spei.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 179, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Characterizations of a Class of Planar Functions over Finite Fields
Creators: name: Chen, Ruikai
name: Mesnager, Sihem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 11T06, 12E10, 51E15

description: Planar functions, introduced by Dembowski and Ostrom, have attracted much attention in the last decade. As shown in this paper, we present a new class of planar functions of the form $\operatorname{Tr}(ax^{q+1})+\ell(x^2)$ on an extension of the finite field $\mathbb F_{q^n}/\mathbb F_q$. Specifically, we investigate those functions on $\mathbb F_{q^2}/\mathbb F_q$ and construct several typical kinds of planar functions. We also completely characterize them on $\mathbb F_{q^3}/\mathbb F_q$. When the degree of extension is higher, it will be proved that such planar functions do not exist given certain conditions.
Hawking radiation as instantons
Creators: name: Chen, Pisin
name: Sasaki, Misao
name: Yeom, Dong-han
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There have been various interpretations of Hawking radiation proposed based on the perturbative approach, and all have confirmed Hawking's original finding. One major conceptual challenge of Hawking evaporation is the associated black hole information loss paradox, which remains unresolved. A key factor to the issue is the end-stage of the black hole evaporation. Unfortunately by then the evaporation process becomes non-perturbative. Aspired to provide a tool for the eventual solution to this problem, here we introduce a new interpretation of Hawking radiation as the tunneling of instantons. We study instantons of a massless scalar field in Einstein gravity. We consider a complex-valued instanton that connects an initial pure black hole state to a black hole with a scalar field that represents the Hawking radiation at future null infinity, where its action depends only on the areal entropy difference. By comparing it with several independent approaches to Hawking radiation in the perturbative limit, we conclude that Hawking radiation may indeed be described by a family of instantons. Since the instanton approach can describe non-perturbative processes, we hope that our new interpretation and holistic method may shed lights on the information loss problem.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures
Emberiza flaveola Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Emberizidae
Emberiza
Emberiza flaveola

description: Emberiza flaveola [spec. nov.]
E. grisea, facie flava.
Habitat in calidis regionibus.
Corpus magnitudine Ligurini. Frons & Gula flavae.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 178, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
title: ADCO, Cinquième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1664), Cart. 28 (G 132), 258 folios, f. 00081
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2012
name: Petot, Frédéric
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: cartulaire
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge

description: Cinquième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1664), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 28 (G 132), 258 folios, f. 00081, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Cinquième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1664), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 28 (G 132), 258 folios, f. 00081, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https://manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye Saint-Étienne de Dijon
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q15945019
title: ADCO, Cartulaire de Cîteaux pour les possessions de Dijon et du Dijonnais (XVe siècle), Cart. 175 (11 H 479), 115 folios, f. 0224
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2017
name: Petot, Frédéric
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: cartulaire
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi

description: Cartulaire de Cîteaux pour les possessions de Dijon et du Dijonnais (XVe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 175 (11 H 479), 115 folios, f. 0224, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Cartulaire de Cîteaux pour les possessions de Dijon et du Dijonnais (XVe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 175 (11 H 479), 115 folios, f. 0224, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
PAPR Analysis for Dual-Polarization FBMC
Creators: name: Jamal, Hosseinali
name: Matolak, David W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In a recent work we proposed a new radio access technique based on filter bank multi-carrier (FBMC) modulation using two orthogonal polarizations: dual-polarization FBMC (DP-FBMC). We showed that with good cross-polarization discrimination (XPD), DP-FBMC solves the intrinsic imaginary interference shortcoming of FBMC without extra processing. DP-FBMC also has other interesting advantages over cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (CP-OFDM) and FBMC such as more robustness in dispersive channels, and it is also more robust to receiver carrier frequency offset (CFO) and timing offset (TO). In this paper we analyze the peak to average power ratio (PAPR) of DP-FBMC and compare PAPR simulation results with that of conventional FBMC, for different prototype filters and overlapping factors. According to the analysis and results, with a proper choice of prototype filter, DP-FBMC has comparable PAPR to FBMC.
description: This paper has been published in IEEE MILCOM Conference 2018. Some results has been changed from first version
Additional file 1: of The alternative sigma factor RpoQ regulates colony morphology, biofilm formation and motility in the fish pathogen Aliivibrio salmonicida
Creators: name: Khider, Miriam
name: Willassen, Nils
name: Hansen, Hilde
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Figure S1. The figure shows growth curves of A. salmonicida wild type and rpoQ mutants. (DOCX 126 kb)
Simple Nonlinear Models with Rigorous Extreme Events and Heavy Tails
Creators: name: Majda, Andrew J.
name: Tong, Xin T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 39A50, 62G32

description: Extreme events and the heavy tail distributions driven by them are ubiquitous in various scientific, engineering and financial research. They are typically associated with stochastic instability caused by hidden unresolved processes. Previous studies have shown that such instability can be modeled by a stochastic damping in conditional Gaussian models. However, these results are mostly obtained through numerical experiments, while a rigorous understanding of the underlying mechanism is sorely lacking. This paper contributes to this issue by establishing a theoretical framework, in which the tail density of conditional Gaussian models can be rigorously determined. In rough words, we show that if the stochastic damping takes negative values, the tail is polynomial; if the stochastic damping is nonnegative but takes value zero, the tail is between exponential and Gaussian. The proof is established by constructing a novel, product-type Lyapunov function, where a Feynman-Kac formula is applied. The same framework also leads to a non-asymptotic large deviation bound for long-time averaging processes.
description: 34 pages, 4 figures
Distortion of Globular Clusters by Galactic Bulges
Creators: name: Nordquist, Holly K.
name: Klinger, Robert J.
name: Laguna, Pablo
name: Charlton, Jane C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the external fields that influences the population of globular clusters is that due to galactic bulges. In extreme situations, perigalactic distances $r_p \le 100$ pc, globular clusters could suffer total disruption in a single passage. A more common scenario is that for cluster orbits with $r_p \ge 200$ pc. We investigate the effects of tidal forces from a bulge on the shape of globular clusters for this type of encounters. We find distortions characterized by ``twisting isophotes'' and consider the potential for observability of this effect. In the Milky Way, a typical globular cluster must pass within several hundred pc of the center to experience substantial distortion, and it is possible that this has happened recently to one or two present day clusters. We estimate that this distortion could be observed even for globulars in dense fields toward the bulge. In more extreme environments such as giant ellipticals or merger products with newly formed globulars, this effect could be more common, extending out to orbits that pass within 1 kpc of the bulge center. This would lead to a substantial shift in the eccentricity distribution of globulars in those galaxies.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures
Analyzing Covariate Influence on Gender and Race Prediction from Near-Infrared Ocular Images
Creators: name: Bobeldyk, Denton
name: Ross, Arun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent research has explored the possibility of automatically deducing information such as gender, age and race of an individual from their biometric data. While the face modality has been extensively studied in this regard, the iris modality less so. In this paper, we first review the medical literature to establish a biological basis for extracting gender and race cues from the iris. Then, we demonstrate that it is possible to use simple texture descriptors, like BSIF (Binarized Statistical Image Feature) and LBP (Local Binary Patterns), to extract gender and race attributes from an NIR ocular image used in a typical iris recognition system. The proposed method predicts gender and race from a single eye image with an accuracy of 86% and 90%, respectively. In addition, the following analysis are conducted: (a) the role of different parts of the ocular region on attribute prediction; (b) the influence of gender on race prediction, and vice-versa; (c) the impact of eye color on gender and race prediction; (d) the impact of image blur on gender and race prediction; (e) the generalizability of the method across different datasets; and (f) the consistency of prediction performance across the left and right eyes.
description: 15 pages, 20 tables, 11 figures
Emberiza ciris Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Emberizidae
Emberiza
Emberiza ciris

description: Emberiza ciris [spec. nov.]
E. capite caeruleo, abdomine fulvo, dorso viridi, pennis viridi-fuscis. Act. Stockh. 1750. p. 278. t. 7. f. 1.
Fringilla tricolor. Catesb. car. 1. p. 44. t. 44.
Fringilla tricolor mexicensis. Edw. av. 130. t 130.
Fringilla chinensis. Alb. av. 3. p. 64. t. 68.
Liniaria caerulea. Catesb. car. 1. p. 44. t. 44.
Habitat in America.
Caput totum & Collum caeruleum. Dorsum, Alae Caudaque supra viridia; tota subtus lutea, sed Pectus antice fulvum.?. Femina caerulea solo abdomine albo, hieme fere grisea evadit.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 179, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Gravitational Lensing in Astronomy
Creators: name: Wambsganss, Joachim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Deflection of light by gravity was predicted by General Relativity and observationaly confirmed in 1919. In the following decades various aspects of the gravitational lens effect were explored theoretically, among them the possibility of multiple or ring-like images of background sources, the use of lensing as a gravitational telescope on very faint and distant objects, and the possibility to determine Hubble's constant with lensing. Only relatively recently gravitational lensing became an observational science after the discovery of the first doubly imaged quasar in 1979. Today lensing is a booming part of astrophysics. In addition to multiply-imaged quasars, a number of other aspects of lensing have been discovered since, e.g. giant luminous arcs, quasar microlensing, Einstein rings, galactic microlensing events, arclets, or weak gravitational lensing. By now literally hundreds of individual gravitational lens phenomena are known. Although still in its childhood, lensing has established itself as a very useful astrophysical tool with some remarkable successes. It has contributed significant new results in areas as different as the cosmological distance scale, the large scale matter distribution in the universe, mass and mass distribution of galaxy clusters, physics of quasars, dark matter in galaxy halos, or galaxy structure.
description: Review article for "Living Reviews in Relativity", see http://www.livingreviews.org . 41 pages, latex, 22 figures (partly in GIF format due to size constraints). High quality postscript files can be obtained electronically at http://www.aip.de:8080/~jkw/review_figures.html
Efficient deadlock avoidance for 2D mesh NoCs that use OQ or VOQ routers
Creators: name: Papaphilippou, Philippos
name: Van Chu, Thiem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Network-on-chips (NoCs) are currently a widely used approach for achieving scalability of multi-cores to many-cores, as well as for interconnecting other vital system-on-chip (SoC) components. Each entity in 2D mesh-based NoCs has a router responsible for forwarding packets between the dimensions as well as the entity itself, and it is essentially a 5-port switch. With respect to the routing algorithm, there are important trade-offs between routing performance and the efficiency of overcoming potential deadlocks. Common deadlock avoidance techniques including the turn model usually involve restrictions of certain paths a packet can take at the cost of a higher probability for network congestion. In contrast, deadlock resolution techniques, as well as some avoidance schemes, provide more path flexibility at the expense of hardware complexity, such as by incorporating (or assuming) dedicated buffers.
 This paper provides a deadlock avoidance algorithm for NoC routers based on output-queues (OQs) or virtual-output queues (VOQs), with a focus on their use on field-programmable gate-arrays (FPGAs). The proposed approach features fewer path restrictions than common techniques, and can be based on existing routing algorithms as a baseline, deadlock-free or not. This requires no modification to the queueing topology, and the required logic is minimal. Our algorithm approaches the performance of fully-adaptive algorithms, while maintaining deadlock freedom.
description: Accepted in IEEE Transactions on Computers
Finite-Difference Time-Domain simulations of transmission microscopy enable a better interpretation of 3D nerve fiber architectures in the brain
Creators: name: Menzel, Miriam
name: Axer, Markus
name: De Raedt, Hans
name: Costantini, Irene
name: Silvestri, Ludovico
name: Pavone, Francesco S.
name: Amunts, Katrin
name: Michielsen, Kristel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In many laboratories, conventional bright-field transmission microscopes are available to study the structure and organization principles of fibrous tissue samples, but they usually provide only 2D information. To access the third (out-of-plane) dimension, more advanced techniques are employed. An example is 3D Polarized Light Imaging (3D-PLI), which measures the birefringence of histological brain sections to derive the spatial nerve fiber orientations. Here, we show how light scattering in transmission microscopy measurements can be leveraged to gain 3D structural information about fibrous tissue samples like brain tissue. For this purpose, we developed a simulation framework using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations and high performance computing, which can easily be adapted to other microscopy techniques and tissue types with comparable fibrous structures (e.g., muscle fibers, collagen, or artificial fibers). As conventional bright-field transmission microscopy provides usually only 2D information about tissue structures, a three-dimensional reconstruction of fibers across several sections is difficult. By combining our simulations with experimental studies, we show that the polarization-independent transmitted light intensity (transmittance) contains 3D information: We demonstrate in several experimental studies on brain sections from different species (rodent, monkey, human) that the transmittance decreases significantly (by more than 50%) with the increasing out-of-plane angle of the nerve fibers. Our FDTD simulations show that this decrease is mainly caused by polarization-independent light scattering in combination with the finite numerical aperture of the imaging system. This allows to use standard transmission microscopy techniques to obtain 3D information about the fiber inclination and to detect steep fibers, without need for additional measurements.
description: 33 pages, 19 figures
Quality assurance collaboration and benchmarking at the regional level
Creators: name: Hunaiti, Abdelrahim
Publisher: name: SORER
Year: 2021
Subjects: Quality
Assurance
Accreditation
Somali
Universities

description: Prof. Dr. Abdelrahim Hunaiti has given this presentation at SomaliREN Annual Council Meetings in Jigjiga, Somali region of Ethiopia.
Hot-carriers and losses in plasmonic nanostructures
Creators: name: Brick, Thomas
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: Despite the remarkable achievements that plasmonics has provided to the field of nanotechnology over the past few decades, we are now faced with the uncomfortable notion that losses associated with plasmonic excitations are limiting the field’s full theorised potential. This work addresses the source of these limitations and – rather than avoid – seeks to provide methods that utilise these losses. Plasmonic decay leads to the production of hot charge carriers, that is, electrons and holes with energies notably greater than that of electrons at the Fermi level. Electron-electron scattering following production of such hotcarriers precedes temperature increases in the plasmon-supporting nanostructures. This thesis, in part, addresses this mechanism of heating in the context of plasmonic optical printing. Using computational simulations of both the temperature profile in and around an illuminated plasmonic nanoparticle and the resultant fluid velocity field in the surrounding media, we address the previously unresolved experimental issues surrounding inaccuracies in printing dense arrays of plasmonic nanoparticles. This thesis also considers the extraction of these energetic hot-carriers, particularly in the context of plasmonic catalysis. A study into the use of hotelectrons following plasmonic decay in colloidal silver nanoparticles is presented, with a focus on their role in the oxidation of a non-fluorescent molecule into a fluorescent product. We then turn to consider the use of this plasmon-decay induced reaction in super-resolution experiments, with a view to unravelling the energetics and the spatial formation of hot-carriers following plasmon decay.
Quasars and Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies: At the Limit?
Creators: name: McLeod, K. K.
name: Rieke, G. H.
name: Storrie-Lombardi, L. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have detected the host galaxies of 16 nearby, radio-quiet quasars using images obtained with the Near-Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS). We confirm that these luminous quasars tend to live in luminous, early-type host galaxies, and we use the host-galaxy magnitudes to refine the luminosity/host-mass limit inferred from ground-based studies. If quasars obey the relation $M_{black hole}/M_{spheroid}\sim0.006$ found for massive dark objects in nonactive galaxies, then our analysis implies that they radiate at up to $\sim20%$ of the Eddington rate. An analogous analysis for ultraluminous infrared galaxies shows them to accrete at up to similar Eddington fractions, consistent with the hypothesis that some of them are powered by embedded quasars.
description: 9 pages, includes 2 eps figs, accepted to ApJLett
Additional file 1: of Association of different iron deficiency cutoffs with adverse outcomes in chronic kidney disease
Creators: name: Eisenga, Michele
name: Nolte, Ilja
name: Meer, Peter Van Der
name: Bakker, Stephan
name: Gaillard, Carlo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Table S1. Different cutoff values of ferritin and TSAT, adjusted for age and sex, with respect to risk of all-cause mortality in 975 CKD patients (based on eGFR 30 mg/24 h or albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥ 30 mg/g). (DOCX 16 kb)
The Ulysses Supplement to the BATSE 4Br Catalog of Cosmic Gamma-Ray Bursts
Creators: name: Hurley, K.
name: Briggs, M. S.
name: Kippen, R. M.
name: Kouveliotou, C.
name: Meegan, C.
name: Fishman, G.
name: Cline, T.
name: Boer, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Interplanetary Network localization information for 147 gamma-ray bursts observed by the Burst and Transient Source Experiment between the end of the 3rd BATSE catalog and the end of the 4th BATSE catalog, obtained by analyzing the arrival times of these bursts at the Ulysses and Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory (CGRO) spacecraft. For any given burst observed by these two spacecraft, arrival time analysis (or "triangulation") results in an annulus of possible arrival directions whose half-width varies between 7 arcseconds and 2.3 degrees, depending on the intensity and time history of the burst, and the distance of the Ulysses spacecraft from Earth. This annulus generally intersects the BATSE error circle, resulting in an average reduction of the error box area of a factor of 25.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Supplement
Difficulty in chirality recognition for Transformer architectures learning chemical structures from string
Creators: name: Yoshikai, Yasuhiro
name: Mizuno, Tadahaya
name: Nemoto, Shumpei
name: Kusuhara, Hiroyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: J.2; I.2.7

description: Recent years have seen rapid development of descriptor generation based on representation learning of extremely diverse molecules, especially those that apply natural language processing (NLP) models to SMILES, a literal representation of molecular structure. However, little research has been done on how these models understand chemical structure. To address this black box, we investigated the relationship between the learning progress of SMILES and chemical structure using a representative NLP model, the Transformer. We show that while the Transformer learns partial structures of molecules quickly, it requires extended training to understand overall structures. Consistently, the accuracy of molecular property predictions using descriptors generated from models at different learning steps was similar from the beginning to the end of training. Furthermore, we found that the Transformer requires particularly long training to learn chirality and sometimes stagnates with low performance due to misunderstanding of enantiomers. These findings are expected to deepen the understanding of NLP models in chemistry.
description: 29 pages, 6 figures
Neutrino Mass and Dark Matter
Creators: name: Caldwell, David O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Despite direct observations favoring a low mass density, a critical density universe with a neutrino component of dark matter provides the best existing model to explain the observed structure of the universe over more than three orders of magnitude in distance scale. In principle this hot dark matter could consist of one, two, or three species of active neutrinos. If all present indications for neutrino mass are correct, however, only the two-species (muon neutrino and tau neutrino) possibility works. This requires the existence of at least one light sterile neutrino to explain the solar electron neutrino deficit via nu(e)->nu(s), leaving nu(mu)->nu(tau) as the explanation for the anomalous nu(mu)/nu(e) ratio produced by atmospheric neutrinos, and having the LSND experiment demonstrating via anti-nu(mu)-> anti-nu(e) the mass difference between the light nu(e)-nu(s) pair and the heavier nu(mu)-nu(tau) pair required for dark matter. Other experiments do not conflict with the LSND results when all the experiments are analyzed in the same way, and when analyzed conservatively the LSND data is quite compatible with the mass difference needed for dark matter. Further support for this mass pattern is provided by the need for a sterile neutrino to rescue heavy-element nucleosynthesis in supernovae, and it could even aid the concordance in light element abundances from the early universe.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures, IDM 98 conference
The Fornax Spectroscopic Survey: The Number of Unresolved Compact Galaxies
Creators: name: Drinkwater, M. J.
name: Phillipps, S.
name: Gregg, M. D.
name: Parker, Q. A.
name: Smith, R. M.
name: Davies, J. I.
name: Jones, J. B.
name: Sadler, E. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a sample of thirteen bright (18.5
description: LaTeX source; 5 pages including 3 figures; uses emulateapj.sty
Investigating antarctic ice-sheet vulnerability to internal ice-sheet processes
Creators: name: Jeofry, Muhammad Hafeez
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: The Weddell Sea sector of West Antarctic Ice Sheet may be increasingly vulnerable to melting specifically close to the grounding line through atmospheric warming and modifications in ocean circulation. This project investigates the complexity of ice-sheet stability at and close to the grounding line in the Institute, Möller and Foundation Ice Streams using airborne radar data and satellite images. A new bed elevation model in the Weddell Sea sector is developed which updates the previous Bedmap2 bed product. While the gross form of the new bed elevation model is similar to Bedmap2, there are some notable differences. Ice-penetrating radar data show flow-parallel hard-bed landforms beneath the grounded ice, and channels incised upwards into the ice shelf, inherited from the landforms, beneath meandering surface features. Radar reveals the presence of subglacial water alongside the landforms, indicating a well-organised drainage system where water exits the ice-sheet as a point source. Both the Institute and Möller Ice Streams are also associated with the ice-shelf channels similar to Foundation Ice Stream. The location of the ice shelf channel coincides with the rough bed across the deep section of Robin Subglacial Basin upstream of Institute Ice Stream. Additionally, a deep subglacial embayment is discovered immediately inland of the Institute Ice Stream grounding line. For the Möller Ice Stream, subglacial water flows along the smooth basal trough. The trough moulds the ice-sheet base, such that at the point of flotation it is characterised by a notable downward-facing mound. The consistency between different grounding lines lineation is determined by the thickness of ice and the bed elevation. Results from model outputs is also compared with the geophysical data in the Weddell Sea sector. In general, the model is performing well in some areas, however, further improvement is needed for the model to accurately characterize the ice-sheet complexity.
Online Hitting of Unit Balls and Hypercubes in $\mathbb{R}^d$ using Points from $\mathbb{Z}^d$
Creators: name: De, Minati
name: Singh, Satyam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider the online hitting set problem for the range space $Σ=(\cal X,\cal R)$, where the point set $\cal X$ is known beforehand, but the set $\cal R$ of geometric objects is not known in advance. Here, objects from $\cal R$ arrive one by one. The objective of the problem is to maintain a hitting set of the minimum cardinality by taking irrevocable decisions. In this paper, we consider the problem when objects are unit balls or unit hypercubes in $\mathbb{R}^d$, and the points from $\mathbb{Z}^d$ are used for hitting them. First, we address the case when objects are unit intervals in $\mathbb{R}$ and present an optimal deterministic algorithm with a competitive ratio of~$2$. Then, we consider the case when objects are unit balls. For hitting unit balls in $\mathbb{R}^2$ and $\mathbb{R}^3$, we present $4$ and $14$-competitive deterministic algorithms, respectively. On the other hand, for hitting unit balls in $\mathbb{R}^d$, we propose an $O(d^4)$-competitive deterministic algorithm, and we demonstrate that}, for $d<4$, the competitive ratio of any deterministic algorithm is at least $d+1$. In the end, we explore the case where objects are unit hypercubes. For hitting unit hypercubes in $\mathbb{R}^2$ and $\mathbb{R}^3$, we obtain $4$ and $8$-competitive deterministic algorithms, respectively. For hitting unit hypercubes in $\mathbb{R}^d$ ($d\geq 3$), we present an $O(d^2)$-competitive randomized algorithm. Furthermore, we prove that the competitive ratio of any deterministic algorithm for the problem is at least $d+1$ for any $d\in\mathbb{N}$.
description: 20 pages, 5 figures. Accepted in TCS
Fringilla oryzivora Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Fringillidae
Fringilla
Fringilla oryzivora

description: Fringilla oryzivora [spec. nov.]
F. fusca, cervice fulva, macula alarum dorsoque postico albis.
Hortulanus carolinensis. Catesb. car. 1. p. 14. t. 14.
Emberiza carolinensis. Klein. av. 92.
Habitat in Cuba, ubi autumno consumta Oryza, feminae solae descendunt in Carolinam.
Femina grisea tota a mare colore differt.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 179, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
The $f$- and $h$-vectors of Interval Subdivisions
Creators: name: Anwar, Imran
name: Nazir, Shaheen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The interval subdivision Int$(Δ)$ of a simplicial complex $Δ$ was introduced by Walker. We give the complete combinatorial description of the entries of the transformation matrices from the $f$- and $h$-vectors of $Δ$ to the $f$- and $h$-vectors of Int$(Δ)$. We show that if $Δ$ has non-negative $h$-vector then the $h$-polynomial of its interval subdivision has only real roots. As a consequence, we prove the Charney-Davis conjecture for Int$(Δ)$, if $Δ$ has non-negative reciprocal $h$-vector.
description: 17 pages, 1 figure