cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Daten speichern mit Spiropyran
title: Untersuchungen zur optischen Datenspeicherung auf Basis molekularer Schalter
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Hein, Simon
name: Hirth, Marvin
Publisher: name: Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
Year: 2019
Subjects: Spiropyran
Merocyanin
Datenspeicherung
Schalter-Molekül
molekularer Schalter
Kinetik
Zerfallgeschwindigkeit
optische Datenspeicherung
fotochemisches Gleichgewicht

description: Junge Wissenschaft. Paper 11/2018
description: Ein Molekül gleich ein Bit – das ist der Traum vieler Forscher angesichts rasant steigender Datenmengen. Hierfür wurden die Isomere Spiropyran und Merocyanin, die sich durch das Licht bestimmter Wellenlängen ineinander überführen lassen, mit spektralfotometrischen Verfahren untersucht, um Aussagen über die Kinetik der Gleichgewichtsreaktion zu treffen.
description: In der Jungen Wissenschaft werden Forschungsarbeiten von Schüler/innen, die selbstständig, z.B. in einer Schule oder einem Schülerforschungszentrum, durchgeführt wurden, veröffentlicht.
Neutrino non-radiative decay and the diffuse supernova neutrino background
Creators: name: Ivanez-Ballesteros, Pilar
name: Volpe, M. Cristina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the possibility that neutrinos undergo non-radiative decay. We investigate the potential to extract information on the neutrino lifetime-to-mass ratio from the diffuse supernova neutrino background. To this aim, we explicitly consider the current uncertainties on the core-collapse supernova rate and the fraction of failed supernovae. We present predictions in a full 3 neutrino framework in the absence and presence of neutrino non-radiative decay, for the Super-Kamiokande+Gd, the JUNO, the Hyper-Kamiokande, and the DUNE experiments, that should observe the diffuse supernova neutrino background in the near future. Our results show the importance of a 3 neutrino treatment of neutrino decay and of identifying the neutrino mass ordering to break possible degeneracies between DSNB predictions in the presence of decay and standard physics.
description: 19 pages, 15 figures, text improved, 2 Appendices added
Targeting of chondrocyte plasticity via connexin43 modulation attenuates cellular senescence and fosters a pro-regenerative environment in osteoarthritis
Creators: name: Varela-Eirin, Marta
name: Varela-Vazquez, Adrian
name: Guitian-Caamano, Amanda
name: Paino, Carlos Luis
name: Mato, Virginia
name: Largo, Raquel
name: Aasen, Trond
name: Tabernero, Arantxa
name: Fonseca, Eduardo
name: Kandouz, Mustapha
name: Caeiro, Jose Ramon
name: Blanco, Alfonso
name: Mayan, Maria D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Osteoarthritis (OA), a chronic disease characterized by articular cartilage degeneration, is a leading cause of disability and pain worldwide. In OA, chondrocytes in cartilage undergo phenotypic changes and senescence, restricting cartilage regeneration and favouring disease progression. Similar to other wound-healing disorders, chondrocytes from OA patients show a chronic increase in the gap junction channel protein connexin43 (Cx43), which regulates signal transduction through the exchange of elements or recruitment/release of signalling factors. Although immature or stem-like cells are present in cartilage from OA patients, their origin and role in disease progression are unknown. In this study, we found that Cx43 acts as a positive regulator of chondrocyte-mesenchymal transition. Downregulation of either Cx43 by CRISPR/Cas9 or Cx43-mediated gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) by carbenoxolone treatment triggered rediferentiation of osteoarthritic chondrocytes into a more differentiated state, associated with decreased synthesis of MMPs and proinflammatory factors, and reduced senescence. We have identified causal Cx43-sensitive circuit in chondrocytes that regulates dedifferentiation, redifferentiation and senescence. We propose that chondrocytes undergo chondrocyte-mesenchymal transition where increased Cx43-mediated GJIC during OA facilitates Twist-1 nuclear translocation as a novel mechanism involved in OA progression. These findings support the use of Cx43 as an appropriate therapeutic target to halt OA progression and to promote cartilage regeneration.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures
Enhanced strong-coupling stimulated Brillouin amplification assisted by Raman amplification
Creators: name: Chen, Y.
name: Zheng, C. Y.
name: Liu, Z. J.
name: Cao, L. H.
name: Xiao, C. Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Higher intensity of strong-coupling stimulated Brillouin scattering (SC-SBS) amplification is achieved by supplementary Raman amplification. In the new scheme, a Raman pump laser first amplifies the seed pulse in the homogeneous plasma, then a SC-SBS pump laser continues the amplification in the inhomogeneous plasma in order to suppress the spontaneous instability of pump lasers. The intensity of seed laser gets higher and the duration of seed laser gets shorter than that in the pure SC-SBS scheme with the same incident energy, while the energy conversion effciency is not significantly reduced. We also found that the SC-SBS amplification is seeded by the πpulse of Raman amplification. The results obtained from envelope coupling equations, Vlasov simulations and two-dimensional particle-in-cell(PIC) simulations agree with each other. This scheme is a simple and effective way to improve the SC-SBS amplification and is easy to implement in experiments.
High Speed Photonic Neuromorphic Computing Using Recurrent Optical Spectrum Slicing Neural Networks
Creators: name: Sozos, K.
name: Bogris, A.
name: Bienstman, P.
name: Sarantoglou, G.
name: Deligiannidis, S.
name: Mesaritakis, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neuromorphic Computing implemented in photonic hardware is one of the most promising routes towards achieving machine learning processing at the picosecond scale, with minimum power consumption. In this work, we present a new concept for realizing photonic recurrent neural networks and reservoir computing architectures with the use of recurrent optical spectrum slicing. This is accomplished through simple optical filters placed in an loop, where each filter processes a specific spectral slice of the incoming optical signal. The synaptic weights in our scheme are equivalent to filters central frequencies and bandwidths. This new method for implementing recurrent neural processing in the photonic domain, which we call Recurrent Optical Spectrum Slicing Neural Networks, is numerically evaluated on a demanding, industry-relevant task such as high baud rate optical signal equalization 100 Gbaud, exhibiting ground-breaking performance. The performance enhancement surpasses state-of-the-art digital processing techniques by doubling the reach while minimizing complexity and power consumption by a factor of 10 compared to state-of-the-art solutions. In this respect, ROSS-NNs can pave the way for the implementation of ultra-efficient photonic hardware accelerators tailored for processing high-bandwidth optical signals in optical communication and high-speed imaging applications
description: 9 pages including supplementary material
title: Wie gut ist der neue Boden?
title: Untersuchungen zur Bodenfruchtbarkeit nach der Rekultivierung der Inertstoffdeponie Fänglenberg
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Widmer, Patrizia
Publisher: name: Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
Year: 2019
Subjects: Rekultivierung
Inertstoffdeponie
Bodenfruchtbarkeit
Bodenverdichtung
Pflanzenwachstum
Bodenprofil
Ertrag
Bodennutzung
Bodenqualität

description: Junge Wissenschaft. Paper 12/2018
description: Die Baubranche boomt. Der Abfall, der beim Abriss alter Gebäude entsteht, unter anderem die Inertstoffe, wird nur zu einem kleinen Teil recycelt, der größere Teil wird deponiert. Ist die Deponie voll, wird der Boden rekultiviert. Da Boden knapp ist, wird auf diesem wieder Landwirtschaft betrieben. Diese Arbeit untersucht das Pflanzenwachstum auf rekultivierten Boden im Vergleich zu gewachsenem Ackerboden.
description: In der Jungen Wissenschaft werden Forschungsarbeiten von Schüler/innen, die selbstständig, z.B. in einer Schule oder einem Schülerforschungszentrum, durchgeführt wurden, veröffentlicht.
Doubly-Robust Estimation for Correcting Position-Bias in Click Feedback for Unbiased Learning to Rank
Creators: name: Oosterhuis, Harrie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Clicks on rankings suffer from position-bias: generally items on lower ranks are less likely to be examined - and thus clicked - by users, in spite of their actual preferences between items. The prevalent approach to unbiased click-based learning-to-rank (LTR) is based on counterfactual inverse-propensity-scoring (IPS) estimation. In contrast with general reinforcement learning, counterfactual doubly-robust (DR) estimation has not been applied to click-based LTR in previous literature. In this paper, we introduce a novel DR estimator that is the first DR approach specifically designed for position-bias. The difficulty with position-bias is that the treatment - user examination - is not directly observable in click data. As a solution, our estimator uses the expected treatment per rank, instead of the actual treatment that existing DR estimators use. Our novel DR estimator has more robust unbiasedness conditions than the existing IPS approach, and in addition, provides enormous decreases in variance: our experimental results indicate it requires several orders of magnitude fewer datapoints to converge at optimal performance. For the unbiased LTR field, our DR estimator contributes both increases in state-of-the-art performance and the most robust theoretical guarantees of all known LTR estimators.
Novel application of the published kinase inhibitor set to identify therapeutic targets and pathways in triple negative breast cancer subtypes
Creators: name: Chrisey, Douglas B.
name: Elliott, Steven
name: Matossian, Margarite D.
name: Hoang, Van T.
name: Drewry, David H.
name: Wells, Carrow
name: Burow, Matthew E.
name: Collins-Burow, Bridgette
name: Phamduy, Theresa B.
name: Zuercher, William J.
name: Burks, Hope E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) have high recurrence and metastasis rates. Acquisition of a mesenchymal morphology and phenotype in addition to driving migration is a consequential process that promotes metastasis. Although some kinases are known to regulate a mesenchymal phenotype, the role for a substantial portion of the human kinome remains uncharacterized. Here we evaluated the Published Kinase Inhibitor Set (PKIS) and screened a panel of TNBC cell lines to evaluate the compounds’ effects on a mesenchymal phenotype. Our screen identified 36 hits representative of twelve kinase inhibitor chemotypes based on reversal of the mesenchymal cell morphology, which was then prioritized to twelve compounds based on gene expression and migratory behavior analyses. We selected the most active compound and confirmed mesenchymal reversal on transcript and protein levels with qRT-PCR and Western Blot. Finally, we utilized a kinase array to identify candidate kinases responsible for the EMT reversal. This investigation shows the novel application to identify previously unrecognized kinase pathways and targets in acquisition of a mesenchymal TNBC phenotype that warrant further investigation. Future studies will examine specific roles of the kinases in mechanisms responsible for acquisition of the mesenchymal and/or migratory phenotype.
Critical Dynamics in Holographic First-Order Phase Transition
Creators: name: Chen, Qian
name: Liu, Yuxuan
name: Tian, Yu
name: Wang, Bin
name: Zhang, Cheng-Yong
name: Zhang, Hongbao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the critical phenomena of the dynamical transition from a metastable state to a stable state in the model of first-order phase transition via two different triggering mechanisms. Three universal stages during the fully nonlinear evolution are extracted. On the one side, by perturbing the scalar source, an isolated seed nucleus is injected into an initial homogeneous state in the supercooled region. For critical parameters of the seed nucleus, the real-time dynamics reveal that the system will converge to a critically unstable state. For supercritical parameters, the system exhibits a phase separation, while for subcritical parameters falls back to homogeneous. The shape independence of the seed nucleus is also investigated, which implies that the critical phenomena are universal. On the other side, we propose a novel mechanism to render the critical phenomena via a collision of two gravitational shock waves on the dual geometries. Specifying a collision velocity, the initial system can be also attracted to a critically unstable state. Aside from these dynamical constructions, we also quantitatively analyze the critical nucleus preventing the system from reaching the final phase separation. We find the depth of the critical nucleus increases almost linearly with the temperature, which implies that the hotter the supercooled state is, the harder for it to trigger phase separation.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures
ENFT: Efficient Non-Consecutive Feature Tracking for Robust Structure-from-Motion
Creators: name: Zhang, Guofeng
name: Liu, Haomin
name: Dong, Zilong
name: Jia, Jiaya
name: Wong, Tien-Tsin
name: Bao, Hujun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Structure-from-motion (SfM) largely relies on feature tracking. In image sequences, if disjointed tracks caused by objects moving in and out of the field of view, occasional occlusion, or image noise, are not handled well, corresponding SfM could be affected. This problem becomes severer for large-scale scenes, which typically requires to capture multiple sequences to cover the whole scene. In this paper, we propose an efficient non-consecutive feature tracking (ENFT) framework to match interrupted tracks distributed in different subsequences or even in different videos. Our framework consists of steps of solving the feature `dropout' problem when indistinctive structures, noise or large image distortion exists, and of rapidly recognizing and joining common features located in different subsequences. In addition, we contribute an effective segment-based coarse-to-fine SfM algorithm for robustly handling large datasets. Experimental results on challenging video data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures
Optimizing ultrasound molecular imaging of secreted frizzled related protein 2 expression in angiosarcoma
Creators: name: Streeter, Jason
name: Rojas, Juan D.
name: Tsuruta, James K.
name: Dayton, Paul
name: Schaub, Nicholas P.
name: Klauber-DeMore, Nancy
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Secreted frizzled related protein 2 (SFRP2) is a tumor endothelial marker expressed in angiosarcoma. Previously, we showed ultrasound molecular imaging with SFRP2-targeted contrast increased average video pixel intensity (VI) of angiosarcoma vessels by 2.2 ± 0.6 VI versus streptavidin contrast. We hypothesized that redesigning our contrast agents would increase imaging performance. Improved molecular imaging reagents were created by combining NeutrAvidin™-functionalized microbubbles with biotinylated SFRP2 or IgY control antibodies. When angiosarcoma tumors in nude mice reached 8 mm, time-intensity, antibody loading, and microbubble dose experiments optimized molecular imaging. 10 minutes after injection, the control-subtracted time-intensity curve (TIC) for SFRP2-targeted contrast reached a maximum, after subtracting the contribution of free-flowing contrast. SFRP2 antibody-targeted VI was greater when contrast was formulated with 10-fold molar excess of maleimide-activated NeutrAvidin™ versus 3-fold (4.5 ± 0.18 vs. 0.32 ± 0.15, VI ± SEM, 5 x 106 dose, p < 0.001). Tumor vasculature returned greater average video pixel intensity using 5 x 107 versus 5 x 106 microbubbles (21.2 ± 2.5 vs. 4.5 ± 0.18, p = 0.0011). Specificity for tumor vasculature was confirmed by low VI for SFRP2-targeted, and control contrast in peri-tumoral vasculature (3.2 ± 0.52 vs. 1.6 ± 0.71, p = 0.92). After optimization, average video pixel intensity of tumor vasculature was 14.2 ± 3.0 VI units higher with SFRP2-targeted contrast versus IgY-targeted control (22.1 ± 2.5 vs. 7.9 ± 1.6, p < 0.001). After log decompression, 14.2 ΔVI was equal to ~70% higher signal, in arbitray acoustic units (AU), for SFRP2 versus IgY. This provided ~18- fold higher acoustic signal enhancement than provided previously by 2.2 ΔVI. Basing our targeted contrast on NeutrAvidin™-functionalized microbubbles, using IgY antibodies for our control contrast, and optimizing our imaging protocol significantly increased the SFRP2-specific signal returned from angiosarcoma vasculature, and may provide new opportunities for targeted molecular imaging.
Constraining galaxy-halo connection with high-order statistics
Creators: name: Zhang, Hanyu
name: Samushia, Lado
name: Brooks, David
name: de la Macorra, Axel
name: Doel, Peter
name: Gaztañaga, Enrique
name: Gontcho, Satya Gontcho A
name: Honscheid, Klaus
name: Kehoe, Robert
name: Kisner, Theodore
name: Meisner, Aaron
name: Poppett, Claire
name: Schubnell, Michael
name: Tarle, Gregory
name: Zhang, Kai
name: Zou, Hu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate using three-point statistics in constraining the galaxy-halo connection. We show that for some galaxy samples, the constraints on the halo occupation distribution parameters are dominated by the three-point function signal (over its two-point counterpart). We demonstrate this on mock catalogs corresponding to the Luminous Red Galaxies (LRGs), Emission-Line Galaxies (ELG), and quasars (QSOs) targeted by the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Survey. The projected three-point function for triangle sides less up to 20$h^{-1}$ Mpc measured from a cubic Gpc of data can constrain the characteristic minimum mass of the LRGs with a precision of $0.46$ %. For comparison, similar constraints from the projected two-point function are $1.55$ %. The improvements for the ELGs and QSOs targets are more modest. In the case of the QSOs it is caused by the high shot-noise of the sample, and in the case of the ELGs, this is caused by the range of halo masses of the host halos. The most time-consuming part of our pipeline is the measurement of the three-point functions. We adopt a tabulation method, proposed in earlier works for the two-point function, to reduce significantly the required compute time for the three-point analysis.
description: published version on MNRAS, comments welcome
Testing entanglement and Bell inequalities in $H \to ZZ$
Creators: name: Aguilar-Saavedra, J. A.
name: Bernal, A.
name: Casas, J. A.
name: Moreno, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss quantum entanglement and violation of Bell inequalities in the $H\rightarrow ZZ$ decay, in particular when the two $Z-$bosons decay into light leptons. Although such process implies an important suppression of the statistics, this is traded by clean signals from a "quasi maximally-entangled" system, which makes it very promising to check these crucial phenomena at high energy. In this paper we devise a novel framework to extract from $H \to ZZ$ data all significant information related to this goal, in particular spin correlation observables. In this context we derive sufficient and necessary conditions for entanglement in terms of only two parameters. Likewise, we obtain a sufficient and improved condition for the violation of Bell-type inequalities. The numerical analysis shows that with a luminosity of $L = 300 \text{fb}^{-1}$ entanglement can be probed at $> 3σ$ level. For $L = 3 \text{ab}^{-1}$ (HL-LHC) entanglement can be probed beyond the $5σ$ level, while the sensitivity to a violation of the Bell inequalities is at the $4.5σ$ level
Patterns of Contraceptive Adoption, Continuation, and Switching after Delivery among Malawian Women
Creators: name: Mwale, Mwawi
name: Hosseinipour, Mina C.
name: Miller, William C.
name: Bonongwe, Phylos
name: Kopp, Dawn M.
name: Stuart, Gretchen S.
name: Tang, Jennifer H.
name: Rosenberg, Nora E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Women who report use of postpartum family planning may not continue their initial method or use it consistently. Understanding the patterns of method uptake, discontinuation, and switching among women after delivery is important to promote uptake and continuation of effective methods of contraception. This is a secondary analysis of 634 Malawian women enrolled into a prospective cohort study after delivery. They completed baseline surveys upon enrollment and follow-up telephone surveys 3, 6, and 12 months post-delivery. Women were included in this analysis if they had completed at least the 3- and 6-month post-delivery surveys. Descriptive statistics were used to assess contraceptive method mix and patterns of switching, whereas Pearson’s χ2 tests were used for bivariable analyses to compare characteristics of women who continued and discontinued their initial post-delivery contraceptive method. Among the 479 women included in this analysis, the use of abstinence/traditional methods decreased and the use of long-acting and permanent methods (LAPM) increased over time. Almost half (47%) discontinued the contraceptive method reported at 3-months post-delivery; women using injectables or LAPM at 3-months post-delivery were significantly more likely to continue their method than those using non-modern methods (p<0.001). Of the 216 women who switched methods, 82% switched to a more or equally effective method. The change in contraceptive method mix and high rate of contraceptive switching in the first 12 months postpartum highlights a need to assist women in accessing effective contraceptives soon after delivery.
Partition Functions and Fibering Operators on the Coulomb Branch of 5d SCFTs
Creators: name: Closset, Cyril
name: Magureanu, Horia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study 5d $\mathcal{N}=1$ supersymmetric field theories on closed five-manifolds $\mathcal{M}_5$ which are principal circle bundles over simply-connected Kähler four-manifolds, $\mathcal{M}_4$, equipped with the Donaldson-Witten twist. We propose a new approach to compute the supersymmetric partition function on $\mathcal{M}_5$ through the insertion of a fibering operator, which introduces a non-trivial fibration over $\mathcal{M}_4$, in the 4d topologically twisted field theory. We determine the so-called Coulomb branch partition function on any such $\mathcal{M}_5$, which is conjectured to be the holomorphic `integrand' of the full partition function. We precisely match the low-energy effective field theory approach to explicit one-loop computations, and we discuss the effect of non-perturbative 5d BPS particles in this context. When $\mathcal{M}_4$ is toric, we also reconstruct our Coulomb branch partition function by appropriately gluing Nekrasov partition functions. As a by-product of our analysis, we provide strong new evidence for the validity of the Lockhart-Vafa formula for the five-sphere partition function.
description: 65 pages plus appendix; v2: corrected typos, JHEP version
Baby Universes born from the Void
Creators: name: Betzios, Panos
name: Gaddam, Nava
name: Papadoulaki, Olga
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a novel construction of a third quantised baby universe Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}_{BU}$ for the quantum gravity path integral. In contrast to the original description of $α$-parameters, both the bulk and boundary microscopic parameters are fixed in our proposal. Wormholes and baby universes appear due to refined observables, of the boundary dual quantum field theories, that crucially involve the space of representations of the gauge group. Irreducible representations, on which the path integral factorises, give rise to field theoretic superselection sectors and replace the $α$ states.
description: 10 pages; Extended version of the essay that received an Honourable Mention in the Gravity Research Foundation 2022 Awards for Essays on Gravitation; v2 - Added reference and minor clarifications
Studying the Opportunities Provided by an Applied High School Mathematics Course: Explorations in Data Science
Creators: name: Boaler, Jo
name: Conte, Kira
name: Cor, Ken
name: Dieckmann, Jack A.
name: LaMar, Tanya
name: Ramirez, Jesse
name: Selbach-Allen, Megan
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: Data Science Education
Mixed Methods
Math Pathways

description: This paper reports on a multi-method study investigating the impact of a high school course in data science. It reports on 3,163 students in 4 school districts and finds that more under-represented students take data science than other advanced courses; the students who take data science take more mathematics courses than those who do not, and the students who take data science are more positive about a future in STEM. Analysis of writing from 685 students shows that students are very positive about the course, appreciating the relevance of the content, the opportunity to investigate ideas, the chance to learn challenging, applied content, and the opportunity to think creatively. In an assessment of algebra and data given to students in data science and Algebra 2 courses in 2 districts, the students in data science scored at significantly higher levels.
Studies in Pulse Shape Discrimination for an Optimized ASIC Design
Creators: name: Boxer, B.
name: Godfrey, B.
name: Grace, C.
name: Johnson, J.
name: Khandwala, R.
name: Tripathi, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The continued advancements of Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) have made them viable photosensors for low recoil energy Pulse Shape Discrimination (PSD) between fast neutron and gamma interactions when coupled to an appropriate scintillator. At the same time, the large number of channels in a typical array calls for the development of low-cost and low-power electronics. A custom integrated circuit (ASIC) is an ideal solution for this purpose. To assess the requirements for such an ASIC, studies were performed using two scintillators, Stilbene and EJ-276, coupled to a 6 x 6 mm SiPM from Onsemi. We demonstrate that both scintillators are viable for performing PSD for interaction energies from 100 keV to several MeV while optimizing the integration periods used in the PSD metric. These measurements inform the design parameters of the ASIC under development.
Pharmacokinetics and toxicity of subcutaneous administration of carboplatin in poloxamer 407 in a rodent model pilot study
Creators: name: Linder, Keith E.
name: Griffith, Emily
name: Risselada, Marije
name: Zamboni, William C.
name: Messenger, Kristen M.
name: Davidson, Gigi
name: Roberts, Brittney V.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: The objectives of this study were to assess the pharmacokinetics and safety of subcutaneously delivered carboplatin in poloxamer 407 in rats. Carboplatin (5mg/rat) in 0.5ml poloxamer 407 (1.0 ml total volume) was administered subcutaneously in a right subcutaneous perineal incision in all 12 treatment rats. Three control rats received 1.0 ml of poloxamer 407. Total platinum was measured in plasma q24hrs from 0 to 168hrs. Protein-unbound platinum was measured in plasma at 168hrs. After sacrifice on day 7, total platinum was determined in wound bed muscle. Platinum concentrations in all samples were measured by ICP-MS. Wounds were visually assessed daily for 7 days. Perineal tissues (full wound bed including muscle, subcutis, skin) were assessed histologically and scored. Total platinum was detectable in plasma from 24 to 168 hrs. Total plasma platinum AUC and Cmax were 9,165.3 ng/mL•h and 129.4 ng/mL. Day 7 total platinum concentration in muscle was approximately 10-fold higher than total plasma platinum concentration. No unbound platinum was detected in plasma samples at 168 hours. No wound healing complications were detected at any time point, nor was tissue necrosis observed histologically. The results of this study suggest that subcutaneous carboplatin in poloxamer 407 can be used in vivo providing direct tissue exposure to carboplatin without significant local effects or systemic absorption and without wound healing complications.
Quantifying the global "CMB tension" between the Atacama Cosmology Telescope and the Planck satellite in extended models of cosmology
Creators: name: Di Valentino, Eleonora
name: Giarè, William
name: Melchiorri, Alessandro
name: Silk, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the global agreement between the most recent observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background temperature and polarization anisotropies angular power spectra released by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope and the Planck satellite in various cosmological models that differ by the inclusion of different combinations of additional parameters. By using the Suspiciousness statistic, we show that the global "CMB tension" between the two experiments, quantified at the Gaussian equivalent level of $\sim 2.5\,σ$ within the baseline $Λ$CDM, is reduced at the level of $1.8σ$ when the effective number of relativistic particles ($N_{\rm eff}$) is significantly less than the standard value, while it ranges between $2.3\,σ$ and $3.5\,σ$ in all the other extended models.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure, 2 tables. Updated to match the MNRAS published version
Resolving Muon g-2 Anomaly With Partial Compositeness
Creators: name: Xu, Shuai
name: Zheng, Sibo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the scenario of composite Higgs with partial compositeness to address the muon g-2 anomaly. We show that this anomaly is resolved by one-loop correction due to composite muon partners with mass scale of order TeVs and large Yukawa coupling to composite Higgs, which is different from interpretations of vectorlike lepton models. We present parameter space by imposing indirect constraints from precise measurements on Higgs, Z and oblique electroweak parameters. We analyze direct constraints in light of both Drell-Yan and Higgs-associated productions of the composite muon partners at high-luminosity LHC. It turns out that the surviving parameter regions with the lighter composite muon mass below $\sim 325$ GeV can be excluded at 2$σ$ order by the Drell-Yan processes.
CBS News/The New York Times Poll: 2016 Presidential Election/Presidential Candidates
Creators: name: CBS News
name: New York Times
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2019

description: 2016 Presidential election (2); presidential candidates (7); Hillary Clinton (3); Donald Trump (3); Gary Johnson (3); vote for President in 2016 (1); Trump’s alleged activities involving unwanted sexual advances against women (1); Clinton’s private emails (1); vote in Republican or Democratic primary (1); Democratic nomination for President (1); Republican nomination for President (1); vote in the 2012 presidential election (1); registered to vote (1); vote in the 2016 presidential election (1); personal finances (1); political party preference (2).
Simulations of nonradiative processes in semiconductor nanocrystals
Creators: name: Jasrasaria, Dipti
name: Weinberg, Daniel
name: Philbin, John P.
name: Rabani, Eran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The description of carrier dynamics in spatially confined semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs), which have enhanced electron-hole and exciton-phonon interactions, is a great challenge for modern computational science. These NCs typically contain thousands of atoms and tens of thousands of valence electrons with a discrete spectrum at low excitation energies, similar to atoms and molecules, that converges to the continuum bulk limit at higher energies. Computational methods developed for molecules are limited to very small nanoclusters, and methods for bulk systems with periodic boundary conditions are not suitable due to the lack of translational symmetry in NCs. This perspective focuses on our recent efforts in developing a unified atomistic model based on the semiempirical pseudopotential approach, which is parametrized by first-principles calculations and validated against experimental measurements, to describe two of the main nonradiative relaxation processes of quantum confined excitons: exciton cooling and Auger recombination. We focus on the description of both electron-hole and exciton-phonon interactions in our approach and discuss the role of size, shape, and interfacing on the electronic properties and dynamics for II-VI and III-V semiconductor NCs.
CBS News Poll: Trump/Opposition/Immigration
Creators: name: CBS News
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2019

description: President Donald Trump job performance (7); direction of country (1); the economy (1); Democrats in Congress (2); Republicans in Congress (2); Mike Pence job performance (1); Russia an ally of the United States (1); U.S. give support to Israel (1); Trump brand (1); Trump Administration (3); Trump to publicly release his tax returns (1); confidence in Trump’s policies (2); news media telling the truth (1); foreigners being risk to the security of the U.S. (1); 2010 health care law (5); Affordable Care Act (ACA) (1); illegal immigrants (2); building a wall along the U.S.-Mexico border (1); economic sanctions against Russia (1); links between associates of the Trump campaign and the Russian government (3); West Bank and Gaza Strip (1); opposition to the policies of the Trump administration (2); registered to vote (1); vote in the 2016 presidential election (1); personal finances (1); political party preference (2).
Galaxy interactions in filaments and sheets: effects of the large-scale structures versus the local density
Creators: name: Das, Apashanka
name: Pandey, Biswajit
name: Sarkar, Suman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The major interactions are known to trigger star formation in galaxies and alter their colour. We study the major interactions in filaments and sheets using the SDSS data to understand the influence of large-scale environments on the galaxy interactions. We identify the galaxies in filaments and sheets using the local dimension and also find the major pairs residing in these environments. The star formation rate and colour of the interacting galaxies as a function of pair separation are separately analyzed in filaments and sheets. The analysis is repeated for three volume limited samples covering different magnitude ranges. The major pairs residing in the filaments show a significantly higher star formation rate (SFR) and bluer colour than those residing in the sheets up to the projected pair separation of $\sim 50$ kpc. We observe a complete reversal of this behaviour for both the SFR and colour of the galaxy pairs having a projected separation larger than 50 kpc. Some earlier studies report that the galaxy pairs align with the filament axis. Such alignment inside filaments indicates anisotropic accretion that may cause these differences. We do not observe these trends in the brighter galaxy samples. The pairs in filaments and sheets from the brighter galaxy samples trace relatively denser regions in these environments. The absence of these trends in the brighter samples may be explained by the dominant effect of the local density over the effects of the large-scale environment.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, Accepted for publication in Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics (RAA)
A Survey of Layer-Two Blockchain Protocols
Creators: name: Gangwal, Ankit
name: Gangavalli, Haripriya Ravali
name: Thirupathi, Apoorva
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: After the success of the Bitcoin blockchain, came several cryptocurrencies and blockchain solutions in the last decade. Nonetheless, Blockchain-based systems still suffer from low transaction rates and high transaction processing latencies, which hinder blockchains' scalability. An entire class of solutions, called Layer-1 scalability solutions, have attempted to incrementally improve such limitations by adding/modifying fundamental blockchain attributes. Recently, a completely different class of works, called Layer-2 protocols, have emerged to tackle the blockchain scalability issues using unconventional approaches. Layer-2 protocols improve transaction processing rates, periods, and fees by minimizing the use of underlying slow and costly blockchains. In fact, the main chain acts just as an instrument for trust establishment and dispute resolution among Layer-2 participants, where only a few transactions are dispatched to the main chain. Thus, Layer-2 blockchain protocols have the potential to transform the domain. However, rapid and discrete developments have resulted in diverse branches of Layer-2 protocols. In this work, we systematically create a broad taxonomy of such protocols and implementations. We discuss each Layer-2 protocol class in detail and also elucidate their respective approaches, salient features, requirements, etc. Moreover, we outline the issues related to these protocols along with a comparative discussion. Our thorough study will help further systematize the knowledge dispersed in the domain and help the readers to better understand the field of Layer-2 protocols.
description: 21 pages, 15 figures, 2 tables
Washington Post/UMass Lowell Poll: August 2017 Sports Survey
Creators: name: University Of Massachusetts Lowell
name: Washington Post
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2019

description: Happy these days (1); free time to do things you want (1); favorite sport to watch (1); level of fandom (1); fan or not (1); interest increased, decreased, or stayed the same (1); ways you follow sports (1); tackling (1); reasons you watch professional football (2); major and minor problems of the National Football League (NFL) (1); brain injuries in football (1); whether experienced a concussion as a result of sports (1); preventing concussions among NFL players (1); betting on professional sports (2); fantasy sports league (4); yelling at the television (1); whether scholarships adequate compensation (1); whether college athletes should get paid when their image is used (1); college athletes on full-ride academic scholarships (1); online video gaming (1); how often do you typically play video games (1); reasons to play and watch video games (2); e-sports competition (3); code of sportsmanship among online gaming (1).
Predictors of Student Productivity in Biomedical Graduate School Applications
Creators: name: O'Connell, Anna B.
name: Cook, Jeanette G.
name: Hall, Joshua D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Many US biomedical PhD programs receive more applications for admissions than they can accept each year, necessitating a selective admissions process. Typical selection criteria include standardized test scores, undergraduate grade point average, letters of recommendation, a resume and/or personal statement highlighting relevant research or professional experience, and feedback from interviews with training faculty. Admissions decisions are often founded on assumptions that these application components correlate with research success in graduate school, but these assumptions have not been rigorously tested. We sought to determine if any application components were predictive of student productivity measured by first-author student publications and time to degree completion. We collected productivity metrics for graduate students who entered the umbrella first-year biomedical PhD program at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill from 2008–2010 and analyzed components of their admissions applications. We found no correlations of test scores, grades, amount of previous research experience, or faculty interview ratings with high or low productivity among those applicants who were admitted and chose to matriculate at UNC. In contrast, ratings from recommendation letter writers were significantly stronger for students who published multiple first-author papers in graduate school than for those who published no first-author papers during the same timeframe. We conclude that the most commonly used standardized test (the general GRE) is a particularly ineffective predictive tool, but that qualitative assessments by previous mentors are more likely to identify students who will succeed in biomedical graduate research. Based on these results, we conclude that admissions committees should avoid over-reliance on any single component of the application and de-emphasize metrics that are minimally predictive of student productivity. We recommend continual tracking of desired training outcomes combined with retrospective analysis of admissions practices to guide both application requirements and holistic application review.
Additional file 1 of First trimester maternal serum PAPP-A and free β-hCG levels and risk of SGA or LGA in women with and without GDM
Creators: name: Kantomaa, Tiina
name: Vääräsmäki, Marja
name: Gissler, Mika
name: Ryynänen, Markku
name: Nevalainen, Jaana
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1
Kelvin wave in miscible two-component Bose-Einstein condensates
Creators: name: Kasamatsu, Kenichi
name: Okada, Maki
name: Takeuchi, Hiromitsu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dispersion of Kelvin waves propagating along single- and half-quantum vortices in miscible two-component Bose-Einstein condensates based on the analysis of the Bogoloubov-de Genne equation. With the help of the interpolating formula connecting the dispersion relations at low- and high-wavenumber regime, we reveal the nontrivial dependence of the dispersion relation of the Kelvin waves on the intercomponent interaction through the change of the vortex core size of the vortical component. We also find the splitting of the Kelvin mode dispersion into gapless and gapfull branches when both components have overlapping single-quantized vortices.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Feynman Rules for Scalar Conformal Blocks
Creators: name: Fortin, Jean-François
name: Hoback, Sarah
name: Ma, Wen-Jie
name: Parikh, Sarthak
name: Skiba, Witold
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We complete the proof of "Feynman rules" for constructing $M$-point conformal blocks with external and internal scalars in any topology for arbitrary $M$ in any spacetime dimension by combining the rules for the blocks (based on their Witten diagram interpretation) with the rules for the construction of conformal cross ratios (based on OPE flow diagrams). The full set of Feynman rules leads to blocks as power series of the hypergeometric type in the conformal cross ratios. We then provide a proof by recursion of the Feynman rules which relies heavily on the first Barnes lemma and the decomposition of the topology of interest in comb-like structures. Finally, we provide a nine-point example to illustrate the rules.
description: 62 pages + an appendix, clarifications added, matches published version
Prenatal care and child growth and schooling in four low- and medium-income countries
Creators: name: Sachdev, Harshpal S.
name: Martorell, Reynaldo
name: Stein, Aryeh D.
name: Horta, Bernardo L.
name: Norris, Shane A.
name: Da Silveira, Mariangela Freitas
name: Liu, Xiaoying
name: Behrman, Jere R.
name: Bhargava, Santosh K.
name: Richter, Linda M.
name: Borja, Judith B.
name: Adair, Linda S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: The effectiveness of prenatal care for improving birth and subsequent child outcomes in low-income countries remains controversial, with much of the evidence to date coming from high-income countries and focused on early-life outcomes. We examined associations between prenatal care visits and birth weight, height-for-age at 24 months and attained schooling in four low- and middle-income countries.
title: Alles gut eingeseift?
title: Entwicklung einer Fluoreszierenden Flüssigseife zum Händewaschenlernen
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Hofmann, Stella
Publisher: name: Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
Year: 2019
Subjects: Flüssigseife
Fluoreszenz
Fraxin
Aesculin
Chlorophyll
Pulverextrakt
UV-Licht
Handhygiene
Händewaschen
Hygieneschulung

description: Junge Wissenschaft. Paper 14/2018
description: Ich habe ein Verfahren entwickelt, welches falsche Händehygiene sichtbar machen kann. Dazu stellte ich Flüssigseifen aus Kernseife, Sonnenblumenöl und Pflanzenfett her und setzte ihnen fluoreszierende Naturstoffe zu. Anhand von Tests wurde die geeignetste Kombination ermittelt. Im Rahmen von Hygieneschulungen wird neben der Seife noch die selbstgebaute Visual Black Box eingesetzt, in der unter UV-Licht deutlich wird, ob die Hände richtig eingeseift wurden.
description: In der Jungen Wissenschaft werden Forschungsarbeiten von Schüler/innen, die selbstständig, z.B. in einer Schule oder einem Schülerforschungszentrum, durchgeführt wurden, veröffentlicht.