cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Arsenite and methylarsonite inhibit mitochondrial metabolism and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in INS-1 832/13 β cells
Creators: name: Wang, Z.
name: Huang, M. C.
name: Klett, E. L.
name: Douillet, C.
name: Beck, R.
name: Dover, E. N.
name: Stýblo, Miroslav
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2017

description: Growing evidence suggests that exposure to environmental contaminants contributes to the current diabetes epidemic. Inorganic arsenic (iAs), a drinking water and food contaminant, is one of the most widespread environmental diabetogens according to epidemiological studies. Several schemes have been proposed to explain the diabetogenic effects of iAs exposure; however, the exact mechanism remains unknown. We have shown that in vitro exposure to low concentrations of arsenite (iAsIII) or its trivalent methylated metabolites, methylarsonite (MAsIII) and dimethylarsinite (DMAsIII), inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) from isolated pancreatic islets, with little effect on insulin transcription or total insulin content. The goal of this study was to determine if exposure to trivalent arsenicals impairs mitochondrial metabolism, which plays a key role in the regulation of GSIS in β cells. We used a Seahorse extracellular flux analyzer to measure oxygen consumption rate (OCR), a proxy for mitochondrial metabolism, in cultured INS-1 832/13 β cells exposed to iAsIII, MAsIII, or DMAsIII and stimulated with either glucose or pyruvate, a final product of glycolysis and a substrate for the Krebs cycle. We found that 24-h exposure to 2 μM iAsIII or 0.375–0.5 μM MAsIII inhibited OCR in both glucose- and pyruvate-stimulated β cells in a manner that closely paralleled GSIS inhibition. In contrast, 24-h exposure to DMAsIII (up to 2 µM) had no effects on either OCR or GSIS. These results suggest that iAsIII and MAsIII may impair GSIS in β cells by inhibiting mitochondrial metabolism, and that at least one target of these arsenicals is pyruvate decarboxylation or downstream reactions.
A robust and powerful two‐step testing procedure for local ancestry adjusted allelic association analysis in admixed populations
Creators: name: Chang, Suhua
name: Duan, Qing
name: Xu, Zheng
name: Li, Yun
name: Wu, Di
name: Reiner, Alex P.
name: Lange, Ethan M.
name: Raffield, Laura M.
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2017

description: Genetic association studies in admixed populations allow us to gain deeper understanding of the genetic architecture of human diseases and traits. However, population stratification, complicated linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns, and the complex interplay of allelic and ancestry effects on phenotypic traits pose challenges in such analyses. These issues may lead to detecting spurious associations and/or result in reduced statistical power. Fortunately, if handled appropriately, these same challenges provide unique opportunities for gene mapping. To address these challenges and to take these opportunities, we propose a robust and powerful two-step testing procedure Local Ancestry Adjusted Allelic (LAAA) association. In the first step, LAAA robustly captures associations due to allelic effect, ancestry effect, and interaction effect, allowing detection of effect heterogeneity across ancestral populations. In the second step, LAAA identifies the source of association, namely allelic, ancestry, or the combination. By jointly modeling allele, local ancestry, and ancestry-specific allelic effects, LAAA is highly powerful in capturing the presence of interaction between ancestry and allele effect. We evaluated the validity and statistical power of LAAA through simulations over a broad spectrum of scenarios. We further illustrated its usefulness by application to the Candidate Gene Association Resource (CARe) African American participants for association with hemoglobin levels. We were able to replicate independent groups' previously identified loci that would have been missed in CARe without joint testing. Moreover, the loci, for which LAAA detected potential effect heterogeneity, were replicated among African Americans from the Women's Health Initiative study. LAAA is freely available at https://yunliweb.its.unc.edu/LAAA.
A Study of Feature Extraction Methods and Corpora in Developing a Deep Neural Network Model for Contradictory Claims Detection in Medical Literature
Creators: name: Binti Yazi, Fatin Syafiqah
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: Clinicians or clinical researchers may encounter doubts or questions related to clinical tasks or decision-making. To seek the answers to their questions, they will search and evaluate the best current evidence from medical literature through electronic resources such as online databases. However, research claims that answer the same clinical question often contradict each other. The existence of contradictory research claims, in addition to the huge number of literatures to be appraised, can make evidence appraisal process challenging. This research explores various techniques in building an artificial intelligence model to detect contradictory research claims to support the clinical evidence appraisal process.
Parexogone wolfi San Martin 1991
Creators: name: Núñez, Jorge
name: Martín, Guillermo San
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Polychaeta
Phyllodocida
Syllidae
Parexogone
Parexogone wolfi

description: Parexogone wolfi San Martín, 1991
Exogone (Parexogone) wolfi San Martín, 1991: 726, fig. 6; San Martín, Ceberio & Aguirrezabalaga 1996: 252, fig. 3; San Martín 2003: 243, figs.129–130; Çinar & Gambi 2005: 749, fig. 3; San Martín 2005: 111, fig. 64 A–J.
Material examined. INFUECO stations: BC10 0611, 1 specimen, 1155 m depth; BC18 0611, 3 specimens, 967 m depth. INCOECO stations: BC6 0611, 1 specimen, 747 m depth.
Habitat. The species inhabits deep sandy and muddy sediments, between 106 and 1000 m (San Martín 2003), and shallow waters, inside dead corals (San Martín 2005). In the Canary Islands the greatest collection depth was 1150 m.
Distribution. West Atlantic Ocean (Florida and Gulf of Mexico), Cantabrian Sea in the Bay of Biscay (Capbreton Canyon), Eastern Mediterranean Sea and Western Australia (San Martín 2005). Its distribution is extended in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean, in the Banks of Amanay, Banquete and Conception (Canary Islands). The species is recorded for the first time in the Canary Islands.
description: Published as part of Núñez, Jorge & Martín, Guillermo San, 2024, Syllidae Grube, 1850 (Annelida) from Conception, Amanay and Banquete Banks off Canary Islands, with the description of two new species, pp. 43-65 in Zootaxa 5477 (1) on page 53, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5477.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/12681470
Effects of Endurance Training Intensity on Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity at Rest and after Maximal Aerobic Exercise in Young Athletes
Creators: name: Dridi, Rim
name: Dridi, Nadia
name: Govindasamy, Karuppasamy
name: Gmada, Nabil
name: Aouadi, Ridha
name: Guénard, Hervé
name: Laher, Ismail
name: Saeidi, Ayoub
name: Suzuki, Katsuhiko
name: Hackney, Anthony C.
name: Zouhal, Hassane
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2022

description: This study compared the effects of varying aerobic training programs on pulmonary diffusing capacity (TLCO), pulmonary diffusing capacity for nitric oxide (TLNO), lung capillary blood volume (Vc) and alveolar–capillary membrane diffusing capacity (DM) of gases at rest and just after maximal exercise in young athletes. Sixteen healthy young runners (16–18 years) were randomly assigned to an intense endurance training program (IET, n = 8) or to a moderate endurance training program (MET, n = 8). The training volume was similar in IET and MET but with different work intensities, and each lasted for 8 weeks. Participants performed a maximal graded cycle bicycle ergometer test to measure maximal oxygen consumption (VO₂max) and maximal aerobic power (MAP) before and after the training programs. Moreover, TLCO, TLNO and Vc were measured during a single breath maneuver. After eight weeks of training, all pulmonary parameters with the exception of alveolar volume (VA) and inspiratory volume (VI) (0.104 < p < 0889; 0.001 < ES < 0.091), measured at rest and at the end of maximal exercise, showed significant group × time interactions (p < 0.05, 0.2 < ES < 4.0). Post hoc analyses revealed significant pre-to-post decreases for maximal heart rates (p < 0.0001, ES = 3.1) and improvements for VO₂max (p = 0.006, ES = 2.22) in the IET group. Moreover, post hoc analyses revealed significant pre-to-post improvements in the IET for DM, TLNO, TLCO and Vc (0.001 < p < 0.0022; 2.68 < ES < 6.45). In addition, there were increases in Vc at rest, VO₂max, TLNO and DM in the IET but not in the MET participants after eight weeks of training with varying exercise intensities. Our findings suggest that the intensity of training may represent the most important factor in increasing pulmonary vascular function in young athletes.
DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF THE SERVICE NETWORK
Creators: name: Karimov, Oybek
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: This article discusses the role of the service sector in the economy, its management and development methods. The importance of the service sector, its modernization, adaptation to customer needs and development in accordance with market requirements are revealed. Also, a general conclusion is drawn on the example of changes and achievements in the service sector in Uzbekistan.
MPEC 2024-P82 : 2024 PK1
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 PK1

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Protect Smart Homes from Inter-Rule Vulnerabilities: Large-Scale Testbed, Static and Dynamic Techniques
Creators: name: Ban, Xinbo
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: The thesis delivers intelligent vulnerability analysis in the Internet of Things ecosystem. It presents a comprehensive literature review of this research area and concludes the promising future of smart homes. To ensure security and safety in a smart home, both static and dynamic approaches are developed to explain what kinds of scenarios are unsafe and insecure. The discussion covers simulation techniques relying on a testbed to present the usage of smart homes considering the real outdoor environment. The developed testbed demonstrates how a smart home interacts and why a vulnerability is introduced.
A Spatial Decomposition Method for Solving the Security-Constrained Unit Commitment Problem
Creators: name: Madhusoodhanan, Arjun Kumar
name: Giuntoli, Marco
name: Schmitt, Susanne
name: Harjunkoski, Iiro
name: Poland, Jan
name: Leibfried, Thomas
Publisher: name: IEEEXplore
Year: 2024
Subjects: ADMM
Decomposition method
Parallel computing
Security constraints
Unit Commitment

description: Today, we are experiencing exponential growth in distributed energy sources and storage systems, such as Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS), which participate in the day-ahead energy market. Moreover, the need for energy market coupling to ensure social welfare maximization and grid security makes the Security-Constrained Unit Commitment (SCUC) problem more challenging due to the increasing problem size. This work proposes a novel approach for solving the SCUC problem in a distributed manner by decomposing the grid into multiple areas connected by tie-lines. The solution leverages the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) to solve the problem efficiently. The proposed Spatially Decomposed SCUC method significantly reduces the computational burden arising from the combinatorial nature of the problem. The speed-up and optimality of the proposed method is validated on the IEEE 118-bus and RTE 6468-bus systems.
Are CDI Systems Multicolored, Facultative, Helping Greenbeards?
Creators: name: Garcia, Erin C.
name: Danka, Elizabeth S.
name: Cotter, Peggy A.
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2017

description: Competitive and cooperative interactions between organisms, including bacteria, can significantly impact the composition of a community and the fitness of its members, as well as the fitness of their hosts when communities are living on or within other organisms. Understanding the underlying mechanisms is critical to the development of strategies to control microbiological communities that impact animal and plant health and also for understanding the evolution of social behaviors, which has been challenging for evolutionary biologists. Contact-dependent growth inhibition (CDI) is a phenomenon defined by the delivery of a protein toxin to the cytoplasm of neighboring bacteria upon cell-cell contact, resulting in growth inhibition or death unless a specific immunity protein is present. CDI was first described based on observations of interbacterial killing and has been assumed to function primarily as a means of eliminating competitor cells. However, recent molecular evidence indicates that multiple levels of specificity restrict CDI toxin delivery and activity to the same bacterial strain, and that CDI system proteins can mediate cooperative behaviors among 'self' cells, a phenomenon called contact-dependent signaling (CDS). Here we review these recent findings and discuss potential biological and evolutionary implications of CDI system-mediated interbacterial competition and cooperation.
A new locus regulating MICALL2 expression was identified for association with executive inhibition in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Creators: name: Sun, X
name: Liu, D
name: Zhang, Y
name: Xu, B
name: Duan, Q
name: Cao, Q
name: Wang, Y
name: Chang, S
name: Li, Y
name: Zhang, K
name: Wu, Z
name: Lu, Q
name: Lu, L
name: Schumann, G
name: Wang, J
name: Yang, L
name: Qian, Y
name: Jia, T
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2017

description: Impaired executive inhibition is a core deficit of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which is a common childhood-onset psychiatric disorder with high heritability. In this study, we performed a two-stage genome-wide association study of executive inhibition in ADHD in Han Chinese. We used the Stroop color-word interference test to evaluate executive inhibition. After quality control, 780 samples with phenotype and covariate data were included in the discovery stage, whereas 922 samples were included in the replication stage. We identified one new significant locus at 7p22.3 for the Stroop word interference time (rs11514810, P=3.42E−09 for discovery, P=0.01176 for replication and combined P=5.249E−09). Regulatory feature analysis and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) data showed that this locus contributes to MICALL2 expression in the human brain. Most genes in the network interacting with MICALL2 were associated with psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, hyperactive-impulsive-like behavior was induced by reducing the expression of the zebrafish gene that is homologous to MICALL2, which could be rescued by tomoxetine (atomoxetine), a clinical medication for ADHD. Our results suggested that MICALL2 is a new susceptibility gene for executive inhibition deficiency related to hyperactive-impulsive behavior in ADHD, further emphasizing the possible role of neurodevelopmental genes in the pathogenic mechanism of ADHD.
Hvorfor tager så mange bilen?
Creators: name: Melchior, Arne
Publisher: name: Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Year: 1999

description: Spørgsmålet og dets besvarelse kan synes ret banalt. Der er ikke sensationelle synspunkter i foredraget. Men de anførte, faktiske omstændigheder overses ofte. De negligeres ved såvel ubetænksomhed og ved bevidst udeladelse. Det er på høje tid at inddrage disse fakta, når trafikkens udvikling (herunder forureningen) diskuteres.
description: Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University, Vol. 6 No. 1 (1999): Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Drugging RAS: Know the enemy
Creators: name: Papke, Bjoern
name: Der, Channing J
Publisher: name: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Year: 2017

description: The three RAS oncogenes make up the most frequently mutated gene family in human cancer. The well-validated role of mutationally activated RAS genes in driving cancer development and growth has stimulated comprehensive efforts to develop therapeutic strategies to block mutant RAS function for cancer treatment. Disappointingly, despite more than three decades of research effort, clinically effective anti-RAS therapies have remained elusive, prompting a perception that RAS may be undruggable. However, with a greater appreciation of the complexities of RAS that thwarted past efforts, and armed with new technologies and directions, the field is experiencing renewed excitement that mutant RAS may finally be conquered. Here we summarize where these efforts stand.
A comprehensive review of the genetic and biological evidence supports a role for MicroRNA‐137 in the etiology of schizophrenia
Creators: name: Crowley, James J.
name: Sakamoto, Kensuke
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2017

description: Since it was first associated with schizophrenia (SCZ) in a 2011 genome-wide association study (GWAS), there have been over 100 publications focused on MIR137, the gene encoding microRNA-137. These studies have examined everything from its fundamental role in the development of mice, flies, and fish to the intriguing enrichment of its target gene network in SCZ. Indeed, much of the excitement surrounding MIR137 is due to the distinct possibility that it could regulate a gene network involved in SCZ etiology, a disease which we now recognize is highly polygenic. Here we comprehensively review, to the best of our ability, all published genetic and biological evidence that could support or refute a role for MIR137 in the etiology of SCZ. Through a careful consideration of the literature, we conclude that the data gathered to date continues to strongly support the involvement of MIR137 and its target gene network in neuropsychiatric traits, including SCZ risk. There remain, however, more unanswered than answered questions regarding the mechanisms linking MIR137 genetic variation with behavior. These questions need answers before we can determine whether there are opportunities for diagnostic or therapeutic interventions based on MIR137. We conclude with a number of suggestions for future research on MIR137 that could help to provide answers and hope for a greater understanding of this devastating disorder.
title: Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Classroom Assessment: Implications on the Implementation of School-Based Assessment in Malawi
Creators: name: Selemani-Mbewe, Chokocha Mathias
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Assessment
subject: Malawi
subject: Secondary Schools
subject: Teachers
subject: Knowledge
subject: Attitude
subject: Practice
subject: Classroom Assessment
subject: Survey
subject: Research
subject: Recommendation
subject: Suggestions
subject: Bilingual, Multilingual, and Multicultural Education
subject: Education
subject: Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research
subject: Educational Methods

description: The study investigated a sample of Malawi Secondary School teachers’ knowledge, attitude and practice of classroom assessment. A knowledge of classroom test and an attitude toward classroom test survey were administered to 51 qualified teachers from six randomly selected secondary schools. Focus group discussions were also conducted to get an in depth understanding of the problem under investigation. Two schools were national secondary schools; two were district boarding schools, and other two were district day secondary schools. The results of the study indicate that although the teachers had positive attitudes toward classroom assessment, they had very limited knowledge in this area. Problems that teachers face and how they could be improved are suggested. Recommendations and suggestions for future research studies are provided.
An Attempt to Develop a Neural Parser based on Simplified Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar on Vietnamese
Creators: name: Nguyen, Duc-Vu
name: Phan, Thang Chau
name: Nguyen, Quoc-Nam
name: Van Nguyen, Kiet
name: Nguyen, Ngan Luu-Thuy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we aimed to develop a neural parser for Vietnamese based on simplified Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG). The existing corpora, VietTreebank and VnDT, had around 15% of constituency and dependency tree pairs that did not adhere to simplified HPSG rules. To attempt to address the issue of the corpora not adhering to simplified HPSG rules, we randomly permuted samples from the training and development sets to make them compliant with simplified HPSG. We then modified the first simplified HPSG Neural Parser for the Penn Treebank by replacing it with the PhoBERT or XLM-RoBERTa models, which can encode Vietnamese texts. We conducted experiments on our modified VietTreebank and VnDT corpora. Our extensive experiments showed that the simplified HPSG Neural Parser achieved a new state-of-the-art F-score of 82% for constituency parsing when using the same predicted part-of-speech (POS) tags as the self-attentive constituency parser. Additionally, it outperformed previous studies in dependency parsing with a higher Unlabeled Attachment Score (UAS). However, our parser obtained lower Labeled Attachment Score (LAS) scores likely due to our focus on arc permutation without changing the original labels, as we did not consult with a linguistic expert. Lastly, the research findings of this paper suggest that simplified HPSG should be given more attention to linguistic expert when developing treebanks for Vietnamese natural language processing.
description: Accepted at SoICT 2024
Bewegung oder Stillstand? Gender Studies in der reformierten Universität
Creators: name: Malli, Gerlinde
name: Sackl-Sharif, Susanne
Publisher: name: IZGOnZeit. Onlinezeitschrift des Interdisziplinären Zentrums für Geschlechterforschung (IZG)
Year: 2015

description: IZGOnZeit. Onlinezeitschrift des Interdisziplinären Zentrums für Geschlechterforschung (IZG), IFFOnZeit Nr. 4 (2015)
Chemotherapeutic dosing implicated by pharmacodynamic modeling of in vitro cytotoxic data: a case study of paclitaxel
Creators: name: He, Hua
name: Cao, Yanguang
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2017

description: Conventional maximum tolerated doses (MTD) in chemotherapy are recently challenged by an alternative dosing method with low doses and high dosing frequency (LDHF). Still, it remains unclear which chemotherapies would potentially benefit from LDHF. The pharmacokinetic (PK) differences between MTD and LDHF are drug exposure magnitude (concentration) and exposure duration (time), two fundamental PK elements that are associated with the pharmacodynamics (PD) of chemotherapies. Here we hypothesized that quantitatively analyzing the contribution of each PK element to the overall cytotoxic effects would provide insights to the selection of the preferred chemotherapeutic dosing. Based on in vitro cytotoxic data, we developed a cellular PD model, which assumed that tumor cells were generally comprised of two subpopulations that were susceptible to either concentration- or time-dependent cytotoxicity. The developed PD model exhibited high flexibility to describe diverse patterns of cell survival curves. Integrated with a PK model, the cellular PD model was further extended to predict and compare the anti-tumor effect of paclitaxel in two dosing regimens: multiple MTD bolus and continuous constant infusion (an extreme LDHF). Our simulations of paclitaxel in treatment of three types of cancers were consistent with clinical observations that LDHF yielded higher patient efficacy than MTD. Our further analysis suggested that the ratio between drug steady-state concentrations and its cytotoxic sensitivity (Css/KC50) was a critical factor that largely determines favored dosing regimen. LDHF would produce higher efficacy when the ratio Css/KC50 is greater than 1. Otherwise MTD was favored. The developed PD model presented an approach simply based on in vitro cytotoxic data to predict the potentially favored chemotherapeutic dosing between MTD and LDHF.
Patterns and textures for light harvesting at visible and infra-red spectral ranges
Creators: name: Hu, Jingwen
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: Nanostructure patterns and textures as an approach to increase light absorption and to enhance light harvesting can be utilized in different applications. We show a few implementations of surface patterns for light harvesting at the visible and infra-red ranges. These include PhC patterns on Si, black Silicon, 3D columnar film on Si and nano-disks metasurface structures made out of ITO. The stepper lithography proposed here is salable and is amenable for larger area practical applications for solar cells together with the direct laser writing demonstrated for ITO patterning.
The Economic Impacts of Biotechnology-Based Technological Innovations
Creators: name: Traxler, Greg
name: Traxler, Greg
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Agricultural Biotechnology
subject: FOS: Agricultural biotechnology
subject: Economic Development
subject: Technological Change
subject: Cotton
subject: Soybean

description: Global adoption of transgenic crops reached 67.7 million hectares in 2003 from 2.8 million in 1996. Delivery has occurred almost entirely through the private sector and adoption has been rapid in areas where the crops addressed serious production constraints and where farmers had access to the new technologies. Three countries (USA, Argentina and Canada), three crops (soybean, cotton and maize) and two traits (insect resistance and herbicide tolerance) account for the vast majority of global transgenic area. While some farmers in some developing countries are benefiting, most do not have access to transgenic crops and traits that address their needs. This paper surveys the level and distribution of the economic impacts of transgenic cotton and soybeans to date and reviews the impacts of these crops on chemical pesticide and herbicide use. It concludes with some considerations of ways to address the development and delivery of technological innovations to small farmers in developing countries.
description: FAO Document Repository: http://www.fao.org/3/ae063e/ae063e00.pdf
A total-population multigenerational family clustering study of autoimmune diseases in obsessive–compulsive disorder and Tourette’s/chronic tic disorders
Creators: name: Crowley, J J
name: Serlachius, E
name: Larsson, H
name: Leckman, J F
name: Almqvist, C
name: Lichtenstein, P
name: Rück, C
name: Isomura, K
name: Gromark, C
name: Pérez-Vigil, A
name: Fernández de la Cruz, L
name: Kuja-Halkola, R
name: Frans, E
name: Mataix-Cols, D
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2017

description: The association between obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette’s/chronic tic disorders (TD/CTD) with autoimmune diseases (ADs) is uncertain. In this nationwide study, we sought to clarify the patterns of comorbidity and familial clustering of a broad range of ADs in individuals with OCD, individuals with TD/CTD and their biological relatives. From a birth cohort of 7 465 455 individuals born in Sweden between 1940 and 2007, we identified 30 082 OCD and 7279 TD/CTD cases in the National Patient Register and followed them up to 31 December 2013. The risk of 40 ADs was evaluated in individuals with OCD, individuals with TD/CTD and their first- (siblings, mothers, fathers), second- (half siblings) and third-degree (cousins) relatives, compared with population controls. Individuals with OCD and TD/CTD had increased comorbidity with any AD (43% and 36%, respectively) and many individual ADs. The risk of any AD and several individual ADs was consistently higher among first-degree relatives than among second- and third-degree relatives of OCD and TD/CTD probands. The risk of ADs was very similar in mothers, fathers and siblings of OCD probands, whereas it tended to be higher in mothers and fathers of TD/CTD probands (compared with siblings). The results suggest a familial link between ADs in general (that is, not limited to Streptococcus-related conditions) and both OCD and TD/CTD. Additional mother-specific factors, such as the placental transmission of antibodies, cannot be fully ruled out, particularly in TD/CTD.
Modeling host-microbiome feedback dynamics under pathogen invasion
Creators: name: Parker, William
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2024

description: This is a summary of the work done for a 2024 Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship. The project "Modeling host-microbiome feedback dynamics under pathogen invasion" produced an algorithm to estimate parameters of an ecological model of a two-host two-microbiome system subject to invasion by a pathogen.
Identification of Tobacco-Related Cancer Diagnoses among Individuals with Psychiatric Disorders: A Population-Based Matched Cohort Study Using a Competing Risks Approach from British Columbia
Creators: name: Olson, Robert
name: McLay, Mary
name: Hamm, Jeremy
name: Callaghan, Russell C.
name: Callaghan, Russell
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2022

description: Background: Individuals with psychiatric disorders (PD) have a high prevalence of tobacco use. Therefore, we assessed the hazard of receiving a tobacco-related (TR) cancer diagnosis among individuals with PD. Methods: Several population-based provincial databases were used to identify individuals in BC diagnosed with depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, or multiple PD between 1990 and 2013. A primary population proxy comparison group (appendicitis) was also identified and matched to the psychiatric cohort based on age at cohort entry, gender, year of cohort entry, and postal code. We linked individuals in the cohort and comparison groups with the BC Cancer Registry. Using a competing risks approach, we estimated the effect of having a PD on the risk of receiving a TR cancer diagnosis, in light of the competing risk of mortality. Results: In total, 165,289 patients were included. Individuals with depression (HR = 0.81; p < 0.01; 95% CI: 0.73–0.91), anxiety disorders (HR = 0.84; p = 0.02; 95% CI: 0.73–0.97), or multiple PD (HR = 0.74; p < 0.01; 95% CI: 0.66–0.83) had a statistically significant lower risk of a TR cancer diagnosis compared to the comparison group. Individuals with schizophrenia (HR = 0.86; p = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.62–1.21) or bipolar disorder (HR = 0.58; p = 0.12; 95% CI: 0.29–1.14), however, showed no evidence of a statistically significant difference from the comparison group. Interpretation: We found that individuals with depression, anxiety disorders, or multiple PD diagnoses had a significantly reduced risk of receiving a tobacco-related cancer diagnosis. These results were unexpected and could be explained by individuals with a PD having barriers to a cancer diagnosis rather than a true decreased incidence.
Epigenetic Profiling of Crohn‘s Disease: Analyzing Differential Chromatin Accessibility in Perianal Fistulizing and Non-Fistulizing Phenotypes
Creators: name: Peng, Dongshen
name: Furey, Terry
name: Hamilton, Nolan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2024

description: This slideshow summarizes my work for the Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship program in the summer of 2024, where I studied the epigenetic mechanisms underlying perianal fistulizing phenotypes of Crohn’s disease (CD).
title: Stephan Jaworski
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Stephan Jaworski as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
2024 SURF Slide Deck for Madelyn Coble
Creators: name: Coble, Madelyn
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2024

description: Presentation for the summer research project, "Investigating the role of MLC-causing mutations in hepaCAM to alter membrane protein localization in astrocytes" by Madelyn Coble. Sponsored by the Office for Undergraduate Research.
How Health Care Providers Address the Importance of Nutrition in Preventive and Symptomatic Treatment for Reproductive Health in Women Aged 18+ in North Carolina
Creators: name: Bumgarner, Alexandra
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2024

description: This project sought to analyze the information given to women by health care providers about what foods and nutritional supplements to take to help with issues related to the gut microbiota and nutrition, including acne, PCOS, irregular menstrual cycles, and osteoporosis. Through oral interviews of both doctors and biological women aged 18+, I studied nutritional advice given, frequency of the advice, whether the advice is given to address reproductive health issues or to address perceived issues of weight, and where women are getting their nutritional advice if not from a doctor.
Sidewall-Heated Layer Formations in Linear Stratifications
Creators: name: Britt, Tyler
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2024

description: This presentation discusses experimental results investigating the phenomenon of layering within sidewall-heated linear stratifications, while conducting a Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) here at UNC. By applying heat to the sidewall of a linear stratification, the relations between density and diffusion allow for layers within the system to arise. These layers can be probed in many ways, which are discussed in the presentation.
The Effects of Periodical Cicadas on Food Web Dynamics
Creators: name: Smith, Alexander
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2024

description: This research aims to understand how the emergence of periodical cicadas alters food web dynamics. Specifically, it investigates how the emergence of periodical cicadas affect bird predation on caterpillars and ultimately caterpillar density. Furthermore, it explores how the effects of cicadas vary across an urbanization gradient.
Characterizing fetal resorptions that result from congenital Zika virus infection in mice
Creators: name: Reinhardt, Tommy
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2024

description: Presented here is an experimental investigation into 
resorptions, which are abnormally developed implantation sites that occur during gestational Zika virus infection in mice. This project was completed as part of the 2024 Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship program.
Mathematical modeling of early embryonic ventricles
Creators: name: Liu, Sophie
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2024

description: This was a summer project funded by the Office for Undergraduate Research (SURF). There are very few models of early embryonic heart development and studying this could allow for insight on congenital heart defects and the mechanism for unidirectional pumping before valves form. Blood flow and wall shear stress is shown to affect development of heart structures, however, it is difficult to obtain hemodynamic measurements experimentally. Thus we use computational methods such as fluid-structure interaction to investigate this. 

From light microscopy images of HH12 and HH25 chick embryos, I recreated heart geometries using the software Imaris and a machine learning classification system. I used the software Meshmixer and Cubit to process and mesh these surfaces for the fluid-structure interaction model, which uses the immersed boundary finite element method (IBAMR).
Between Surveillance and Security: The Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Bill (POFMA)
Creators: name: Woo Jun Jie,
Publisher: name: National University of Singapore
Year: 2020
Subjects: Singapore
fake news
POFMA
chilling effect
censorship
correction notice
government surveillance
freedom of speech

description: Described as a “scourge” that could disrupt public discourse and threaten social order, online falsehoods or 'fake news' has risen up the public agenda to capture the attention of policymakers and legislators in Singapore. In response, the Singapore Government introduced a new piece of legislation, the Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation (POFMA) bill, to tackle fake news, but its introduction did not come without controversy or resistance. This case study provides a broad overview of Singapore’s POFMA and examines the issues at stake.
title: Why are these young Canadians catholic?
Creators: name: Zapata Rugel, Juan Marcelo
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04haebc03
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Over the centuries the island of Newfoundland has been regarded as a bastion of Catholicism in English North America. Despite its rich Catholic history, there are evident signs of apostasy among the local population. Many studies regarding the rise of the “nones”, or the religiously unaffiliated, and the reasons why Catholic young adults abandon the faith have been carried out worldwide, but there is little research focusing on the reasons why young adults living in Newfoundland remain Catholic. This study intended to add insights to the current literature on the topic. The results of this research show the importance of parental involvement, particularly that of the father, in the religious formation of their children, as well as the precedence of the community over the individual for the successful passing of the faith. The study also sheds light on the presence of an inexplicable element kindling the thirst for the transcendent in the believer’s heart which in this study is referred to as ‘God’s grace’. The religious life stories of 8 Catholic young adults living in Newfoundland before the COVID-19 pandemic were presented, compared, and contrasted. The discussion and conclusions extracted from the analysis draw implications for the future of catechetical programs of the Catholic Church at the local, diocesan, and international levels.
Using fast-scan in-solution Atomic Force Microscopy to observe real-time conformational changes in Taq MutL
Creators: name: Beard, Emily
name: Leong, Shao Xun
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2024

description: DNA mismatch repair (MMR) is one of several DNA repair processes that are vital for maintaining genome stability. MutL is one of the proteins that participate in the DNA MMR process. Mutations in DNA MMR proteins such as MutL have been linked to a variety of cancers, most notably Lynch Syndrome. Using fast-scan in-solution Atomic Force Microscopy, we were able to capture images at high speeds with the sample suspended in a buffer solution. This allows us to visualize the ATP-mediated conformational changes of MutL in real-time and observe how these MutL proteins interact under biologically relevant conditions.
Operationalization of a multidimensional sex/gender concept for quantitative environmental health research and implementation in the KORA study: Results of the collaborative research project INGER
Creators: name: Kraus, Ute
name: Jacke, Katharina
name: Fichter, Sophie
name: Dandolo, Lisa
name: Groth, Katrin
name: Debiak, Malgorzata
name: Kolossa-Gehring, Marike
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Geschlecht

description: Background: In environmental health research, sex and gender are not yet adequately considered. There is a need to improve data collection in population-based environmental health studies by comprehensively surveying sex/gender-related aspects according to gender theoretical concepts. Thus, within the joint project INGER we developed a multidimensional sex/gender concept which we aimed to operationalize and to test the operationalization for feasibility. Methods: In an iterative process, we created questionnaire modules which quantitatively captured the requirements of the INGER sex/gender concept. We deployed it in the KORA cohort (Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg, Germany) in 2019 and evaluated response and missing rates. Results: The individual sex/gender self-concept was surveyed via a two-step approach that asked for sex assigned at birth and the current sex/gender identity. Additionally, we used existing tools to query internalized sex/gender roles and externalized sex/gender expressions. Adapted to the KORA population, we asked for discrimination experiences and care and household activities contributing to explain structural sex/gender relations. Further intersectionality-related social categories (e.g., socio-economic position), lifestyle and psychosocial factors were covered through data available in KORA. We could not identify appropriate tools to assess the true biological sex, sexual orientation and ethnic/cultural identity, which have yet to be developed or improved. The response-rate was 71%, the evaluation of 3,743 questionnaires showed a low missing rate. Prevalence of marginalized groups regarding sex/gender identity and definable by experiences of discrimination was very low. Conclusion: We have shown how the multidimensional INGER sex/gender concept can be operationalized according to an European and North American understanding of sex/gender for use in quantitative research. The questionnaire modules proved feasible in an epidemiologic cohort study. Being a balancing act between theoretical concepts and its quantitative implementation our operationalization paves the way for an adequate consideration of sex/gender in environmental health research. © 2023 Kraus, Jacke, Dandolo, Debiak, Fichter, Groth, Kolossa-Gehring, Hartig, Horstmann, Schneider, Palm and Bolte
Characterizing Antimalarial Drug Resistance in Children Under 15 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)
Creators: name: Parr, Jonathan
name: Igwe, Mae
name: François-Zafka, Ruthly
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2024

description: The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has the world's second largest malaria burden, and malaria is a leading cause of death. Children under 15 bear the largest burden, especially children under 5, who make up approximately 90% of malaria mortalities in the DRC. One important aspect in the fight against malaria is antimalarial drug resistance, which may complicate already stalling elimination efforts. Resistance to first-line antimalarial drugs has been reported in the DRC and neighboring countries, making characterization and surveillance essential. Children under 15 are of special focus as they may harbor malarial Plasmodium falciparum parasites yet not exhibit symptoms, unknowingly spreading malaria and drug resistance. Nonetheless, few studies and surveys focus on antimalarial drug resistance in children 5-15, leaving a gap that may complicate preventing antimalarial drug resistance and reducing malaria's death toll. Using samples from a 3-year longitudinal cohort study in the DRC between 2018-2021, this project aims to: 1. Quantify the prevalence of antimalarial drug resistance in children under 15 years old; 2. Determine the association between antimalarial drug resistance and the number of parasites in blood; 3. Determine the association between antimalarial drug resistance and the presence of symptoms. This presentation exhibits the pertinent characteristics of the study participant population, describing the prevalence of malaria and rates of symptomatic infection and parasitemia. Analysis of sequencing data to identify infections with malaria drug-resistant parasites is still ongoing.
SURF Project Presentation - Investigating sex-dependent arousal responses to various social stimuli in mice
Creators: name: Maiti, Ayank
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2024

description: As a social species, humans depend on the ability to form healthy social connections for individual well-being, survival, and societal success. Physiological arousal responses, inferred by capturing changes in pupil size and dynamics, are an important component in the classification of distinct stimuli. Further, dysregulated arousal responses are prominent symptoms in neuropsychiatric patients with deficits in sociability. This prompts the need to understand the neural processes underlying arousal responses to social stimuli at a basic research level. Therefore, I have rigorously tested if mice exhibit distinct arousal response dynamics during diverse social interactions and if those distinct dynamics are different between males and females. I used a head-fix pupillometry set-up, a technique used in neuroscience to reliably collect data on pupil changes, while mice are exposed to various social stimuli. My results provide an understanding of fundamental arousal differences to distinct social stimuli and highlight potential sex differences.
Characteristics, behaviour and toxigenic potential of bacterial dairy contaminants
Creators: name: Radmehr, Behrad
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: Product safety is a major concern for the food industry and bacterial contamination during production remains a major risk. This study evaluated the presence and characteristics of two important bacteria relevant to the dairy industry, namely Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus. Bacteria were isolated from raw and pasteurised milk samples collected in Victoria. Detailed evaluation indicated high levels of antimicrobial drug resistance and the ability to form biofilms. Different methods of bacterial fingerprinting and source-tracking provided valuable information about the diversity and origins of these bacteria. These are useful tools to help manage and control bacterial contamination of dairy products.
Hollywood Hardboiled: Raymond Chandler's Theory of Exposition in Screenplays
Creators: name: Larson, Jared
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2024

description: This study represents the first scholarly investigation of Raymond Chandler’s exposition technique across his five screenplays. Chandler is the undisputed master of hardboiled detective fiction—the renowned author of "The Big Sleep", "The Long Goodbye", and "Farewell, My Lovely". In addition to being an accomplished novelist, Chandler was also a master screenwriter. This analysis reveals that Chandler adopted a consistent approach in his employment of exposition. It can be inferred from Chandler's technique that he believed that too much exposition and/or exposition inserted in the wrong place can slow or obstruct a narrative and the audience's interest in it.
title: Acute pancreatitis complications and a method to improve the outcome
Creators: name: Leandru, Andreea
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: Emergency
subject: Computer applications
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Complications
subject: Abscess
subject: Acute
subject: Outcomes

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Acute pancreatitis refers to acute inflammation of the pancreas and it is one of the most common disease of the gastrointestinal tract that can lead to potentially life threatening conditions. [1] Patients with AP typically present with epigastric...