cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Observation of the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov state in the quasi-two-dimensional organic superconductor $κ$-(BEDT-TTF)$_2$Cu(NCS)$_2$
Creators: name: Singleton, J.
name: Symington, J. A.
name: Nam, M. -S.
name: Ardavan, A.
name: Kurmoo, M.
name: Day, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single crystals of the layered organic type II superconductor, $κ$-(BEDT-TTF)$_{2}$Cu(NCS)$_{2}$, have been studied in magnetic fields of up to 33 T and at temperatures between 0.5 K and 11 K using a compact differential susceptometer. When the magnetic field lies precisely in the quasi-two-dimensional planes of the material, there is strong evidence for a phase transition from the superconducting mixed state into a Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) state, manisfested as a change in the rigidity of the vortex system. The behaviour of the transition as a function of temperature is in good agreement with theoretical predictions.
description: 6 pages 4 figures
Distance Estimation Methods for a Practical Macroscale Molecular Communication System
Creators: name: Gulec, Fatih
name: Atakan, Baris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Accurate estimation of the distance between the transmitter (TX) and the receiver (RX) in molecular communication (MC) systems can provide faster and more reliable communication. Existing theoretical models in the literature are not suitable for distance estimation in a practical scenario. Furthermore, deriving an analytical model is not easy due to effects such as boundary conditions in the diffusion process, the initial velocity of the molecules and unsteady flows. Therefore, five different practical methods comprising three novel data analysis based methods and two supervised machine learning (ML) methods, Multivariate Linear Regression (MLR) and Neural Network Regression (NNR), are proposed for distance estimation at the RX side. In order to apply the ML methods, a macroscale practical MC system, which consists of an electric sprayer without a fan, alcohol molecules, an alcohol sensor and a microcontroller, is established, and the received signals are recorded. A feature extraction algorithm is proposed to utilize the measured signals as the inputs in ML methods. The numerical results show that the ML methods outperform the data analysis based methods in the root mean square error sense with the cost of complexity. Moreover, the peak time based estimation, which is one of the proposed data analysis based methods, yields better results with respect to the other proposed four methods, as the distance increases. Given the experimental data and fluid dynamics theory, a possible trajectory of the molecules between the TX and RX is given. Our findings show that distance estimation performance is jointly affected by unsteady flows and the non-linearity of the sensor. According to our findings based on fluid dynamics, it is evaluated that fluid dynamics should be taken into account for more accurate parameter estimation in practical macroscale MC systems.
description: 33 pages, 22 figures, submitted to Nano Communication Networks journal (Elsevier)
The truncated Wigner method for Bose condensed gases: limits of validity and applications
Creators: name: Sinatra, Alice
name: Lobo, Carlos
name: Castin, Yvan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the truncated Wigner method (TWM) applied to a weakly interacting Bose condensed gas perturbed away from thermal equilibrium. The idea of the method is to generate an ensemble of classical fields which samples the Wigner function of the initial thermal density operator, and to evolve each field with the Gross-Pitaevskii equation (GPE). In the first part of the paper we improve the sampling technique over our previous work and we test its accuracy against the exactly solvable model of the ideal gas. In the second part of the paper we investigate the conditions of validity of the TWM. For short evolution times the time-dependent Bogoliubov approximation is valid for almost pure condensates. The requirement that the TWM reproduces the Bogoliubov prediction leads to the constraint that the number of field modes must be smaller than the number of particles.For longer times the nonlinear dynamics of the noncondensed modes plays an important role. To demonstrate this we analyse the case of a 3D spatially homogeneous Bose condensed gas and we test how well TWM reproduces Beliaev-Landau damping.We have identified the mechanism which limits the validity of the TWM: the initial classical fields, driven by the time-dependent GPE, thermalise to a classical field distribution at a temperature T_class larger than the initial temperature T. When T_class significantly exceeds T a spurious damping is observed in the simulation. This leads to the second condition for the TWM, T_class-T<
description: 28 pages, 7 figures, typos corrected in Eqs.(85) and (91)
Contrarian effects and echo chamber formation in opinion dynamics
Creators: name: de Arruda, Henrique Ferraz
name: Benatti, Alexandre
name: Silva, Filipi Nascimento
name: Comin, Cesar Henrique
name: Costa, Luciano da Fontoura
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The relationship between the topology of a network and specific types of dynamics unfolding in networks constitutes a subject of substantial interest. One type of dynamics that has attracted increasing attention because of its several potential implications is opinion formation. A phenomenon of particular importance, known to take place in opinion formation, is echo chambers' appearance. In the present work, we approach this phenomenon, while emphasizing the influence of contrarian opinions in a multi-opinion scenario. To define the contrarian opinion, we considered the Underdog effect, which is the eventual tendency of people to support the less popular option. We also considered an adaptation of the Sznajd dynamics with the possibility of friendship rewiring, performed on several network models. We analyze the relationship between topology and opinion dynamics by considering two measurements: opinion diversity and network modularity. Two specific situations have been addressed: (i) the agents can reconnect only with others sharing the same opinion; and (ii) same as in the previous case, but with the agents reconnecting only within a limited neighborhood. This choice can be justified because, in general, friendship is a transitive property along with subsequent neighborhoods (e.g., two friends of a person tend to know each other). As the main results, we found that the Underdog effect, if strong enough, can balance the agents' opinions. On the other hand, this effect decreases the possibilities of echo-chamber formation. We also found that the restricted reconnection case reduced the chances of echo chamber formation and led to smaller echo chambers.
Reduction of response time in transmissive optically addressed spatial light modulator using solution-based ZnO NP/PEDOT:PSS heterojunction
Creators: name: Chang, Xin
name: Li, Jin
name: Shrestha, Pawan Kumar
name: Li, Shunpu
name: Surowiecka, Kasia
name: Chu, Daping
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Paper
Propagation, diffraction and scattering
OASLM
ZnO NP
PEDOT:PSS
heterojunction
holography

description: Abstract: An optically addressed spatial light modulator (OASLM) works by using the intensity of a ‘write’ light to modulate the phase of a ‘read’ light. OASLM using ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) as a photoconductor is important to holographic displays because of its record-high spatial resolution. However, its response time to the write light is long and the switch-off time (τoff) can take tens of seconds due to the trap states in the ZnO NP layer. This results in residual images and poses limitations to its application in dynamic holographic displays. In this work, a ZnO NP photoconductor was replaced by a solution-processed ZnO NP/PEDOT:PSS heterojunction photodiode and the τoff of OASLM was significantly reduced to about 0.6 s. Electrical and optical properties of the heterojunction were characterized and a barrier height of 0.604 eV was determined by CV measurement. The heterojunction-based OASLM was then fabricated and its light modulating performance was investigated by using a diffractive phase grating. Finally, impedance spectroscopy was used to analysis the device equivalent circuit and optimize the operation of the OASLM.
Economic Contribution of Cattle By-Products in the Texas Panhandle
Creators: name: Guerrero, Bridget L.
name: Keshmiry, Seth
name: Guerrero, Bridget L.
name: Keshmiry, Seth
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: by-products
subject: cattle
subject: economic
subject: Texas Panhandle

description: Animal harvesting is an important industry in the Texas Panhandle with economic output of more than $7 billion and employment approaching 12,000 (IMPLAN, 2013). Technology advancements providing more efficient utilization of cattle carcasses through useful by-products is a means by which the value of the industry to the regional economy is increased. By-products can reduce waste, increase the overall value of the carcass, and boost profits. Increased profit potential provides an incentive for beef packing facilities to efficiently utilize the majority of the carcass. The by-products increase value added to the beef marketing channel in the Texas Panhandle and increase the contribution of the animal harvesting industry to the regional economy.
Chiral spin liquids with projected Gaussian fermionic entangled pair states
Creators: name: Niu, Sen
name: Li, Jheng-Wei
name: Chen, Ji-Yao
name: Poilblanc, Didier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the parton construction of chiral spin liquids (CSLs) using projected Gaussian fermionic entangled pair states (GfPEPSs). First, we show that GfPEPSs can represent generic spinless Chern insulators faithfully with finite bond dimensions. Then, by applying the Gutzwiller projection to a bi-layer GfPEPSs, spin-1/2 Abelian and non-Abelian CSLs are obtained for Chern number $C=1$ and $C=2$, respectively. As a consequence of the topological obstruction for GfPEPSs, very weak Gossamer tails are observed in the correlation functions of the fermionic projected entangled pair state (PEPS) ansatze, suggesting that the no-go theorem for chiral PEPS is universal but does not bring any practical limitation. Remarkably, without fine tuning, all topological sectors can be constructed showing the expected number of chiral branches in the respective entanglement spectra, providing a sharp improvement with respect to the known bosonic PEPS approach.
Dolichoderus haueri Heterick & Shattuck 2011, comb. nov.
Creators: name: Heterick, Brian E.
name: Shattuck, Steve
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Dolichoderus
Dolichoderus haueri

description: Dolichoderus haueri (Mayr), comb. nov.
 Hypoclinea haueri Mayr, 1867b.
 Types. Holotype queen from Yugoslovia (Miocene).
 Comments. Another species based on an impression fossil of a queen, the identity of this taxon remains obscure. Dalla Torre (1893) transferred it to Iridomyrmex, a treatment followed by Shattuck (1992a). Mayr’s (1867b) figure of the type queen reveals little detail other than wing venation. While the general pattern is dolichoderine-like it differs from extant species of Iridomyrmex in having the Rs vein join M at 1m-cu, rather than basal to this cross vein, resulting in the cell enclosed by Rs, M and 2rs-m having three sides rather than four. A three-sided cell similar to Mayr’s (1869) figure for this species is present in some Dolichoderus (especially species formerly placed in Hypoclinea), a condition not seen in Iridomyrmex. Because of this it would seem that this species would be better placed in Dolichoderus rather than Iridomyrmex.
description: Published as part of Heterick, Brian E. & Shattuck, Steve, 2011, Revision of the ant genus Iridomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) 2845, pp. 1-174 in Zootaxa 2845 (1) on page 170, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2845.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5287811
Generalized persistence dynamics for active motion
Creators: name: Sevilla, Francisco J.
name: Castro-Villarreal, Pavel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the statistical physics of self-propelled particles from a general theoretical framework that properly describes the most salient characteristic of active motion, $persistence$, in arbitrary spatial dimensions. Such a framework allows the development of a Smoluchowski-like equation for the probability density of finding a particle at a given position and time, without assuming an explicit orientational dynamics of the self-propelling velocity as Langevin-like equation-based models do. Also, the Brownian motion due to thermal fluctuations and the active one due to a general intrinsic persistent motion of the particle are taken into consideration on an equal footing. The persistence of motion is introduced in our formalism in the form of a \emph{two-time memory function}, $K(t,t^{\prime})$. We focus on the consequences when $K(t,t^{\prime})\sim (t/t^{\prime})^{-η}\exp[-Γ(t-t^{\prime})]$, $Γ$ being the characteristic persistence time, and show that it precisely describes a variety of active motion patterns characterized by $η$. We find analytical expressions for the experimentally obtainable intermediate scattering function, the time dependence of the mean-squared displacement, and the kurtosis.
description: We present a general theoretical framework for active motion and report on the corresponding statistical properties. Published in Physical Review E. 16 pages, 6 figures
The Value of Country-of-Origin and Wild-Caught Labels: A Hedonic Analysis of Shrimp Retail Prices in the United States
Creators: name: Wang, Xiaojin
name: Wang, Xiaojin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: country-of-origin labeling
subject: revealed preference
subject: hedonic price
subject: shrimp
subject: scanner data

description: The retail market for shrimp is dynamic with substantial competition between imports and domestic products. Country of origin and method of production (wild and/or farm-raised) labels are required for all seafood since April 4, 2005. But little is known about how these and other credence attributes are valued in the retail market. To estimate the value of these attributes, we use weekly store scanner data of unbreaded frozen shrimp products in 2013. An estimated hedonic model shows a premium for both home (product of USA), and price premium for fishing method (wild-caught), and a premium for the organic claim. The results contribute new insights regarding opportunities for differentiation by credence attributes which may lead to more sustainable and effective resource use along the value chain for shrimp.
Numerical approach to the semiclassical method of radiation emission for arbitrary electron spin and photon polarization
Creators: name: Wistisen, T. N.
name: Di Piazza, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how the semiclassical formulas for radiation emission of Baier, Katkov and Strakhovenko for arbitrary initial and final spins of the electron and arbitrary polarization of the emitted photon can be rewritten in a form which numerically converges quickly. We directly compare the method in the case of a background plane wave with the result obtained by using the Volkov state solution of the Dirac equation, and confirm that we obtain the same result. We then investigate the interaction of a circularly polarized short laser pulse scattering with GeV electrons and see that the finite duration of the pulse leads to a lower transfer of circular polarization than that predicted by the known formulas in the monochromatic case. We also see how the transfer of circular polarization from the laser beam to the gamma ray beam is gradually deteriorated as the laser intensity increases, entering the nonlinear regime. However, this is shown to be recovered if the scattered photon beam is collimated to only allow for passage of photons emitted with angles smaller than $1/γ$ with respect to the initial electron direction, where $γ$ is the approximately constant Lorentz factor of the electron. The obtained formulas also allow us to answer questions regarding radiative polarization of the emitting particles. In this respect we briefly discuss an application of the present approach to the case of a bent crystal and high-energy positrons.
Shape Coexistence in Pb186: Beyond-mean-field description by configuration mixing of symmetry restored wave functions
Creators: name: Duguet, T.
name: Bender, M.
name: Bonche, P.
name: Heenen, P. -H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study shape coexistence in Pb186 using configuration mixing of angular-momentum and particle-number projected self-consistent mean-field states. The same Skyrme interaction SLy6 is used everywhere in connection with a density-dependent zero-range pairing force. The model predicts coexisting spherical, prolate and oblate 0+ states at low energy.
description: 5 pages REVTEX4, 4 eps figures, accepted by Phys. Lett. B. Revised version with some polishing of the text without changing its content
Error channels in quantum nondemolition measurements on spin systems
Creators: name: Joecker, Benjamin
name: Stemp, Holly G.
name: de Fuentes, Irene Fernández
name: Johnson, Mark A. I.
name: Morello, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum nondemolition (QND) measurements are a precious resource for quantum information processing. Repetitive QND measurements can boost the fidelity of qubit preparation and measurement, even when the underlying single-shot measurements are of low fidelity. However, this fidelity boost is limited by the degree in which the physical system allows for a truly QND process -- slight deviations from ideal QND measurement result in bit flip errors (`quantum jumps') if the measurement is repeated too often. Here, we develop a theoretical framework to understand and quantify the resulting error arising from deviation from perfect QND measurement in model spin qubit systems. We first develop our model on the ubiquitous example of exchange-coupled electron spins qubits tunnel-coupled to a charge reservoir. We then extend it to electron-nuclear spin systems, to illustrate the crucial similarities and differences between the two limits. Applied to the well-understood platform of a donor nuclear spin in silicon, the model shows excellent agreement with experiments. For added generality, we conclude the work by considering the effect of anisotropic spin couplings.
A systematic comparison of polar and semipolar Si-doped AlGaN alloys with high AlN content
Creators: name: Spasevski, Lucia
name: Kusch, Gunnar
name: Pampili, Pietro
name: Zubialevich, Vitaly Z
name: Dinh, Duc V
name: Bruckbauer, Jochen
name: Edwards, Paul R
name: Parbrook, Peter J
name: Martin, Robert W
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Paper
Condensed matter
AlGaN
crystal orientation
alloy composition
III-nitride semiconductors
Si doping
cathodoluminescence
x-ray microanalysis

description: Abstract: With a view to supporting the development of ultra-violet light-emitting diodes and related devices, the compositional, emission and morphology properties of Si-doped n-type Al x Ga1-x N alloys are extensively compared. This study has been designed to determine how the different Al x Ga1-x N crystal orientations (polar (0001) and semipolar (11–22)) affect group-III composition and Si incorporation. Wavelength dispersive x-ray (WDX) spectroscopy was used to determine the AlN mole fraction (x ≈ 0.57–0.85) and dopant concentration (3 × 1018–1 × 1019 cm−3) in various series of Al x Ga1-x N layers grown on (0001) and (11–22) AlN/sapphire templates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The polar samples exhibit hexagonal surface features with Ga-rich boundaries confirmed by WDX mapping. Surface morphology was examined by atomic force microscopy for samples grown with different disilane flow rates and the semipolar samples were shown to have smoother surfaces than their polar counterparts, with an approximate 15% reduction in roughness. Optical characterization using cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopy allowed analysis of near-band edge emission in the range 4.0–5.4 eV as well as various deep impurity transition peaks in the range 2.7–4.8 eV. The combination of spatially-resolved characterization techniques, including CL and WDX, has provided detailed information on how the crystal growth direction affects the alloy and dopant concentrations.
Non-equilibrium band broadening, gap renormalization and band inversion in black phosphorus
Creators: name: Hedayat, H
name: Ceraso, A
name: Soavi, G
name: Akhavan, S
name: Cadore, A
name: Dallera, C
name: Cerullo, G
name: Ferrari, A C
name: Carpene, E
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Paper
black phosphorus
time-resolved ARPES
Stark effect
surface photovoltage
bandgap renormalization

description: Funder: ERC Grants Hetero2D
description: Funder: GSYNCOR
description: Funder: EU Graphene Flagship
description: Abstract: Black phosphorous (BP) is a layered semiconductor with high carrier mobility, anisotropic optical response and wide bandgap tunability. In view of its application in optoelectronic devices, understanding transient photo-induced effects is crucial. Here, we investigate by time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy BP in its pristine state and in the presence of Stark splitting, chemically induced by Cs ad-sorption. We show that photo-injected carriers trigger bandgap renormalization, and a concurrent valence band flattening caused by Pauli blocking. In biased samples, photo-excitation leads to a long-lived (ns) surface photovoltage of few hundreds mV that counterbalances the Cs-induced surface band bending. This allows us to disentangle bulk from surface electronic states, and to clarify the mechanism underlying the band inversion observed in bulk samples.
Ctenobethylus goepperti
Creators: name: Heterick, Brian E.
name: Shattuck, Steve
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Ctenobethylus
Ctenobethylus goepperti

description: Ctenobethylus goepperti (Mayr)
 Hypoclinea goepperti Mayr, 1868: 56.
 Types. Syntype workers, queens and males from Baltic amber (Eocene).
 Comments. Hypoclinea goepperti was transferred to Bothriomyrmex by Dalla Torre (1893), then to Iridomyrmex by Wheeler (1915b), followed by Liometopum by Shattuck (1992a) and finally to Ctenobethylus by Dlussky (1997), where it is currently assigned.
description: Published as part of Heterick, Brian E. & Shattuck, Steve, 2011, Revision of the ant genus Iridomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) 2845, pp. 1-174 in Zootaxa 2845 (1) on page 169, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2845.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5287811
Combined SEM-CL and STEM investigation of green InGaN quantum wells
Creators: name: Ding, B
name: Jarman, J
name: Kappers, M J
name: Oliver, R A
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Paper
Semiconductors and photonics
gallium nitride
green LEDs
quantum well
TEM
cathodoluminescence
AFM

description: Abstract: The microstructure of green-emitting InGaN/GaN quantum well (QW) samples grown at different temperatures was studied using cross-section scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and plan-view cathodoluminescence (CL). The sample with the lowest InGaN growth temperature exhibits microscale variations in the CL intensity across the sample surface. Using STEM analysis of such areas, the observed darker patches do not correspond to any observable extended defect. Instead, they are related to changes in the extent of gross-well width fluctuations in the QWs, with more brightly emitting regions exhibiting a high density of such fluctuations, whilst dimmer regions were seen to have InGaN QWs with a more uniform thickness.
Interpreting Distortions in Dimensionality Reduction by Superimposing Neighbourhood Graphs
Creators: name: Colange, Benoît
name: Vuillon, Laurent
name: Lespinats, Sylvain
name: Dutykh, Denys
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: To perform visual data exploration, many dimensionality reduction methods have been developed. These tools allow data analysts to represent multidimensional data in a 2D or 3D space, while preserving as much relevant information as possible. Yet, they cannot preserve all structures simultaneously and they induce some unavoidable distortions. Hence, many criteria have been introduced to evaluate a map's overall quality, mostly based on the preservation of neighbourhoods. Such global indicators are currently used to compare several maps, which helps to choose the most appropriate mapping method and its hyperparameters. However, those aggregated indicators tend to hide the local repartition of distortions. Thereby, they need to be supplemented by local evaluation to ensure correct interpretation of maps. In this paper, we describe a new method, called MING, for `Map Interpretation using Neighbourhood Graphs'. It offers a graphical interpretation of pairs of map quality indicators, as well as local evaluation of the distortions. This is done by displaying on the map the nearest neighbours graphs computed in the data space and in the embedding. Shared and unshared edges exhibit reliable and unreliable neighbourhood information conveyed by the mapping. By this mean, analysts may determine whether proximity (or remoteness) of points on the map faithfully represents similarity (or dissimilarity) of original data, within the meaning of a chosen map quality criteria. We apply this approach to two pairs of widespread indicators: precision/recall and trustworthiness/continuity, chosen for their wide use in the community, which will allow an easy handling by users.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures, 22 references. Paper presented at IEEE VIS 2019 Conference. Other author's papers can be downloaded at http://www.denys-dutykh.com/
Baryonic effects on CMB lensing and neutrino mass constraints
Creators: name: Chung, Eegene
name: Foreman, Simon
name: van Engelen, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurements of gravitational lensing of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) hold the promise of yielding unique insights into cosmology at high redshift. Uncertainties due to baryonic effects associated with galaxy formation and evolution, including gas cooling, star formation, and feedback from active galactic nuclei (AGN) and supernovae, have typically been neglected when forecasting the sensitivity of future CMB surveys. In this paper, we determine the impact of these effects using four suites of hydrodynamical simulations which incorporate various prescriptions for baryonic processes, namely OWLS, BAHAMAS, Horizon, and IllustrisTNG. Our analysis shows characteristic power suppressions of several percent in CMB lensing due to baryonic effects, compared to dark-matter only simulations, at experimentally observable angular scales. We investigate the associated bias in the inferred neutrino mass for experiments like the upcoming Simons Observatory and CMB-S4. Depending on the experimental precision and the strength of the baryonic feedback within the simulations, biases in the neutrino mass sum show significant dispersion, ranging from very small to an over-estimation by 1.1$σ$. We conclude that baryonic effects will likely be non-negligible for a detection of neutrino mass using CMB lensing.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables. v2: PRD published version. v3: updated results to fix minor error in computations (conclusions qualitatively unchanged)
Ionic and molecular transport in aqueous solution through 2D and layered nanoporous membranes
Creators: name: Caglar, M
name: Keyser, U F
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Topical Review
nanopores
membranes
ionic transport
selectivity
DNA sensing
2D

description: Abstract: Two-dimensional (2D) materials provide an intriguing means to not only study physical phenomena but also serve as disruptive membranes for ionic selectivity and sensing based applications. Atomic thinness of these materials affords a unique environment in an all-surface material to unlock challenges towards improving desalination, energy harvesting and DNA sensing. This review provides an overview on some common 2D materials used in membrane applications for solving these challenges along with opportunities where 2D materials could add value to existing solutions. Following this, different types of 2D materials and structures are discussed with their relative advantages and disadvantages highlighted. Fabrication and methods of creating pores within 2D membranes are then presented with a focus on altering surface characteristics. Selected works within the field are highlighted and placed into a wider context, comparing their merits and shortfalls. A discussion of state-of-the-art performance for ionic transport, molecular sensing and power generation is then presented. This review concludes with an outlook on emerging methods and discussing exciting future directions.
Additional file 7: of Predator Escape: An Ecologically Realistic Scenario for the Evolutionary Origins of Multicellularity
Creators: name: Pentz, Jennifer
name: Limberg, Tami
name: Beermann, Nicholas
name: Ratcliff, William
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Pharmacology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Marine Biology

description: Images of flattened rotifers for quantifying predation. Multiple images of flattened rotifers for students to quantify rotifer predation if they are having trouble doing so through the microscope (see Lesson 2 in main text).
Additional file 8: of Predator Escape: An Ecologically Realistic Scenario for the Evolutionary Origins of Multicellularity
Creators: name: Pentz, Jennifer
name: Limberg, Tami
name: Beermann, Nicholas
name: Ratcliff, William
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Pre-lab and post-lab assessment. Pre-lab and post-lab assessment for instructors to give students to evaluate studentâ s understanding of key concepts about the evolution of multicellularity before and after the lab.
Spin-density-wave transition of (TMTSF)$_2$PF$_6$ at high magnetic fields
Creators: name: Matsunaga, N.
name: Yamashita, K.
name: Kotani, H.
name: Nomura, K.
name: Sasaki, T.
name: Hanajiri, T.
name: Yamada, J.
name: Nakatsuji, S.
name: Anzai, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The transverse magnetoresistance of the Bechgaard salt (TMTSF)$_2$PF$_6$ has been measured for various pressures, with the field up to 24 T parallel to the lowest conductivity direction c$^{\ast}$. A quadratic behavior is observed in the magnetic field dependence of the spin-density-wave (SDW) transition temperature $T_{\rm {SDW}}$. With increasing pressure, $T_{\rm {SDW}}$ decreases and the coefficient of the quadratic term increases. These results are consistent with the prediction of the mean-field theory based on the nesting of the quasi one-dimensional Fermi surface. Using a mean field theory, $T_{\rm {SDW}}$ for the perfect nesting case is estimated as about 16 K. This means that even at ambient pressure where $T_{\rm {SDW}}$ is 12 K, the SDW phase of (TMTSF)$_2$PF$_6$ is substantially suppressed by the two-dimensionality of the system.
description: 11pages,6figures(EPS), accepted for publication in PRB
Factors Affecting the Choice, Intensity, and Allocation of Irrigation Technologies by U.S. Cotton Farmers
Creators: name: Pokhrel, Bijay
name: Krishna, Paudel
name: Eduardo, Segarra
name: Pokhrel, Bijay
name: Krishna, Paudel
name: Eduardo, Segarra
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Key Words: Irrigation technology
subject: irrigation area allocation
subject: intensity
subject: multivariate fractional regression
subject: water saving irrigation technologies

description: We use 2013 cotton precision survey data to understand the adoption of irrigation technologies by cotton farmers in 14 U.S. states. We find that water saving irrigation technologies such as sub-surface drip and trickle irrigation technologies is adopted by farmers who produce higher irrigated yield and by those farmers who are from Southern Plains (Texas and Oklahoma). There are ten irrigation technologies that farmers can adopt in cotton production in these 14 U.S. states. The intensity of irrigation technologies as measured by the number of irrigation technology adopted in cotton production is affected by irrigated cotton yield realized, land holding, education, computer use, and cotton farmers being from Southern Plains. A multivariate fractional regression model is used to identify land allocation under different irrigation technologies. Results indicate that age of an operator, cover crop, information sources used, per acre irrigated yield, education, and cotton farmer being from Southern Plains are significant variables affecting the land allocation under different irrigation technologies.
description: Paper removed April 18, 2018 at author's request.
description: Paper removed at author's request.
Three-body strong decays of the $Y(4230)$ via the light-cone QCD sum rules
Creators: name: Wang, Zhi-Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We tentatively assign the $Y(4230)$ as the vector tetraquark state with a relative P-wave between the scalar diquark pair, and explore the three-body strong decays $Y(4230) \to \bar{D}^{*-}D^{*0}π^+$, $\bar{D}^{*-}D^0π^+$, $J/ψπ^+π^- $ and $ J/ψK^+K^-$ with the light-cone QCD sum rules by assuming contact four-meson coupling constants. The resulting partial decay widths are too small to account for the experimental data, and we expect those decays take place through an intermediate meson. We can search for the intermediate states and precisely measure the branching fractions to diagnose the nature of the $Y$ states.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2304.14153
On the convergence of projective-simulation-based reinforcement learning in Markov decision processes
Creators: name: Boyajian, Walter L.
name: Clausen, Jens
name: Trenkwalder, Lea M.
name: Dunjko, Vedran
name: Briegel, Hans J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent years, the interest in leveraging quantum effects for enhancing machine learning tasks has significantly increased. Many algorithms speeding up supervised and unsupervised learning were established. The first framework in which ways to exploit quantum resources specifically for the broader context of reinforcement learning were found is projective simulation. Projective simulation presents an agent-based reinforcement learning approach designed in a manner which may support quantum walk-based speed-ups. Although classical variants of projective simulation have been benchmarked against common reinforcement learning algorithms, very few formal theoretical analyses have been provided for its performance in standard learning scenarios. In this paper, we provide a detailed formal discussion of the properties of this model. Specifically, we prove that one version of the projective simulation model, understood as a reinforcement learning approach, converges to optimal behavior in a large class of Markov decision processes. This proof shows that a physically-inspired approach to reinforcement learning can guarantee to converge.
description: 20 pages, 2 figures, v3: a few minor updates to match journal version. Order of authors changed
Eldermyrmex Heterick & Shattuck 2011, gen. n.
Creators: name: Heterick, Brian E.
name: Shattuck, Steve
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Eldermyrmex

description: Eldermyrmex Shattuck gen. n.
 Type species. Iridomyrmex oblongiceps Wheeler, W.M., 1915b: 93.
 Diagnosis. Head subrectangular with eyes low and lateral on head capsule (reminiscent of Tapinoma), propodeum low, with a longitudinal ridge separating the dorsal and lateral surfaces, and petiole with a low, broad coneshaped node. This combination of characters will separate this genus from others within this subfamily.
 Description. As for the single known species, E. oblongiceps, see Wheeler (1915b: 93).
 Comments. It is curious that Wheeler (1915b) did not establish a new genus for this species. He comments that the only known species “does not seem to be a typical Iridomyrmex, but I know of no other genus to which it can be assigned”. His hesitation was based on the observed differences between this and other species not being “very prominent”. However, the shape of the head and placement of the eyes, combined with the shape of the propodeum and petiole are unique and set this species apart from those of other genera. It is clear this species does not belong in Iridomyrmex or any other described genus, and therefore it is here treated as belonging to a monotypic new genus.
description: Published as part of Heterick, Brian E. & Shattuck, Steve, 2011, Revision of the ant genus Iridomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) 2845, pp. 1-174 in Zootaxa 2845 (1) on page 170, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2845.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5287811
Statistical correlation for the composite Boson
Creators: name: Wang, Baigeng
name: Wang, Jian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well known that the particles in a beam of Boson obeying Bose-Einstein statistics tend to cluster (bunching effect), while the particles in a degenerate beam of Fermion obeying Fermi-Dirac statistics expel each other (anti-bunching effect). Here we investigate, for the first time, the statistical correlation effect for the composite Boson, which is formed from a spin singlet entangled electron pair. By using nonequilibrium Green's function technique, we obtain a positive cross correlation for this kind of the composite Boson when the external voltage is smaller than the gap energy, which demonstrates that a spin singlet entangled electron pair looks like a composite Boson. In the larger voltage limit, the cross correlation becomes negative due to the contribution of the quasiparticles. At large voltages, the oscillation between Fermionic and Bosonic behavior of cross correlation is also observed in the strong coupling regime as one changes the position of the resonant levels. Our result can be easily tested in a three-terminal normal-superconductor-superconductor (N-S-S) hybrid mesoscopic system.
Progress and prospects of thermo-mechanical energy storage—a critical review
Creators: name: Olympios, Andreas V
name: McTigue, Joshua D
name: Farres-Antunez, Pau
name: Tafone, Alessio
name: Romagnoli, Alessandro
name: Li, Yongliang
name: Ding, Yulong
name: Steinmann, Wolf-Dieter
name: Wang, Liang
name: Chen, Haisheng
name: Markides, Christos N
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Topical Review
thermo-mechanical energy storage (TMES)
compressed-air energy storage (CAES)
pumped-thermal electricity storage (PTES)
liquid-air energy storage (LAES)

description: Abstract: The share of electricity generated by intermittent renewable energy sources is increasing (now at 26% of global electricity generation) and the requirements of affordable, reliable and secure energy supply designate grid-scale storage as an imperative component of most energy transition pathways. The most widely deployed bulk energy storage solution is pumped-hydro energy storage (PHES), however, this technology is geographically constrained. Alternatively, flow batteries are location independent and have higher energy densities than PHES, but remain associated with high costs and short lifetimes, which highlights the importance of developing and utilizing additional larger-scale, longer-duration and long-lifetime energy storage alternatives. In this paper, we review a class of promising bulk energy storage technologies based on thermo-mechanical principles, which includes: compressed-air energy storage, liquid-air energy storage and pumped-thermal electricity storage. The thermodynamic principles upon which these thermo-mechanical energy storage (TMES) technologies are based are discussed and a synopsis of recent progress in their development is presented, assessing their ability to provide reliable and cost-effective solutions. The current performance and future prospects of TMES systems are examined within a unified framework and a thermo-economic analysis is conducted to explore their competitiveness relative to each other as well as when compared to PHES and battery systems. This includes carefully selected thermodynamic and economic methodologies for estimating the component costs of each configuration in order to provide a detailed and fair comparison at various system sizes. The analysis reveals that the technical and economic characteristics of TMES systems are such that, especially at higher discharge power ratings and longer discharge durations, they can offer promising performance (round-trip efficiencies higher than 60%) along with long lifetimes (>30 years), low specific costs (often below 100 $ kWh−1), low ecological footprints and unique sector-coupling features compared to other storage options. TMES systems have significant potential for further progress and the thermo-economic comparisons in this paper can be used as a benchmark for their future evolution.
Cluster tomography in percolation
Creators: name: Ansell, Helen S.
name: Frank, Samuel J.
name: Kovács, István A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In cluster tomography, we propose measuring the number of clusters $N$ intersected by a line segment of length $\ell$ across a finite sample. As expected, the leading order of $N(\ell)$ scales as $a\ell$, where $a$ depends on microscopic details of the system. However, at criticality, there is often an additional nonlinearity of the form $b\ln(\ell)$, originating from the endpoints of the line segment. By performing large scale Monte Carlo simulations of both 2$d$ and 3$d$ percolation, we find that $b$ is universal and depends only on the angles encountered at the endpoints of the line segment intersecting the sample. Our findings are further supported by analytic arguments in 2$d$, building on results in conformal field theory. Being broadly applicable, cluster tomography can be an efficient tool to detect phase transitions and to characterize the corresponding universality class in classical or quantum systems with a relevant cluster structure.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
Eldermyrmex oblongiceps Heterick & Shattuck 2011, comb. nov.
Creators: name: Heterick, Brian E.
name: Shattuck, Steve
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Eldermyrmex
Eldermyrmex oblongiceps

description: Eldermyrmex oblongiceps (Wheeler), comb. nov.
 Iridomyrmex oblongiceps Wheeler, W.M., 1915b: 93.
 Types. Holotype worker from Baltic amber (Eocene).
 Comments. Dlussky (1997) postulated that this species likely did not belong in Iridomyrmex and that it “… most probably should be placed into another genus …” However, he did not erect a new genus for it as he only had Wheeler’s (1915b) drawing available and did not feel this was sufficient to establish a new genus. It is clear that this species does not belong to Iridomyrmex, and is, in fact, so distinct that assignment to a separate, and new, genus seems straightforward. This genus, Eldermyrmex, is established above.
description: Published as part of Heterick, Brian E. & Shattuck, Steve, 2011, Revision of the ant genus Iridomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) 2845, pp. 1-174 in Zootaxa 2845 (1) on page 170, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2845.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5287811
On the anisotropies of the cosmological gravitational-wave background from pulsar timing array observations
Creators: name: Ding, Ran
name: Tian, Chi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Significant evidence for a stochastic gravitational-wave background has recently been reported by several Pulsar Timing Array observations. These studies have shown that, in addition to astrophysical explanations based on supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs), cosmological origins are considered equally important sources for these signals. To further explore these cosmological sources, in this study, we discuss the anisotropies in the cosmological gravitational wave background (CGWB) in a model-independent way. Taking the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav) 15-year dataset as a benchmark, we estimate the angular power spectra of the CGWB and their cross-correlations with cosmic microwave background (CMB) fluctuations and weak gravitational lensing. We find that the NANOGrav 15-year data implies suppressed Sachs-Wolf (SW) effects in the CGBW spectrum, leading to a marginally negative cross-correlation with the CMB at large scales. This procedure is applicable to signals introduced by different early universe processes and is potentially useful for identifying unique features about anisotropies of CGWB from future space-based interferometers and astrometric measurements.
description: 23 pages, 4 figures