cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Drilus
Creators: name: Kobieluszova, Lucie
name: Kundrata, Robin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Drilidae
Drilus

description: Drilus sp.
(Fig. 50)
Material. 2 larvae (only parts of exuviae, cerci and head present), "SW Turkey, Knidos, 31/05/2012 " (PCRK).
Description. Larva. Head and tergites brown, with dark brown markings laterally. Head well sclerotized; mandibles narrow and falcate. Tergites pigmented, with long setae; last segment small, slender. Cerci slightly bent upward, densely covered with long pubescence (partly removed), cerci apically cuspidate, apex short (Fig. 50).
Remarks. Only the exuviae, last abdominal segments with cerci and one head were found in the shells of Eobania vermiculata (Müller, 1774) (Helicidae) collected in the ruins of Knidos (Datça district, Muğla Province). This species differs from D. robustus sp. nov. by much shorter cuspidate apex of cerci (Figs 49–50). Without the knowledge of immature stages for the vast majority of Drilus species in Turkey, we are not able to identify these larvae to the species level. Given the distribution of Drilus species in Asia Minor (Fig. 55), this larva might represent a yet undescribed species.
description: Published as part of Kobieluszova, Lucie & Kundrata, Robin, 2015, Taxonomic review of Drilus Olivier, 1790 (Elateridae: Agrypninae: Drilini) from Asia Minor, with descriptions of seven new species and comments on the female antennal morphology in Drilini in Zootaxa 4012 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4012.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/232879
Lafoea dumosa
Creators: name: Gu, Zhangjie
name: Ruthensteiner, Bernhard
name: Moura, Carlos J.
name: Liu, Lihua
name: Zhang, Rui
name: Song, Xikun
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Hydrozoa
Leptothecata
Lafoeidae
Lafoea
Lafoea dumosa

description: LAFOEA DUMOSA (FLEMING, 1820)
(FIG. 2)
Lafoea dumosa: Cornelius, 1995: 261–263, fig. 60 (synonymy).
Type locality: Arbroath, Scotland.
Specimens examined: Ten infertile colonies from the Antarctic; see details in Supporting Information, Table S1.
description: Published as part of Gu, Zhangjie, Ruthensteiner, Bernhard, Moura, Carlos J., Liu, Lihua, Zhang, Rui & Song, Xikun, 2022, Systematic affinities of Zygophylacidae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Macrocolonia) with descriptions of 15 deep-sea species, pp. 52-87 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 196 on page 59, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac036, http://zenodo.org/record/7035312
Zygophylacidae Quelch 1885
Creators: name: Gu, Zhangjie
name: Ruthensteiner, Bernhard
name: Moura, Carlos J.
name: Liu, Lihua
name: Zhang, Rui
name: Song, Xikun
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Hydrozoa
Leptothecata
Zygophylacidae

description: FAMILY ZYGOPHYLACIDAE QUELCH, 1885
Diagnosis: Solitary hydrothecae arising from hydrorhiza directly, or erect, pinnate or flabellate colonies, with polysiphonic hydrocauli in most species, otherwise monosiphonic. Hydrocladia mostly arranged in one plane, alternate to subopposite. Hydrothecae mostly tubular, seldom campanulate or subuliform, with short to long pedicel, with one or two diaphragms, with or without indentation (intrathecal projections) at distal part of the hydrothecae, and with one to numerous nematothecae on hydrocauli, hydrocladia and/or apophyses of hydrocladia. Gonothecae congregate to form coppiniae on stem or its hydrocladia; coppiniae with or without defensive tubes, the latter occasionally provided with hydrothecae or nematothecae. Individual gonothecae solitary or adnate, generally elongate or ovoid, seldom flask- or carrot-shaped, apices either with a circular aperture or with one to three straight or curved short tubes.
Remarks: Molecular data contributed by the present study support the genetic distinction and validity of the family Zygophylacidae (Figs 21, 22). Based on specimens examined in this study and morphological diagnoses proposed by Rees & Vervoort (1987), Vervoort (1987) and Cornelius (1995), both zygophylacids and lafoeids have similar tubular hydrothecae. However, they differ in the fact that nematothecae and hydrothecal diaphragms are commonly present in Zygophylacidae, but are absent in Lafoeidae (Bouillon et al. 2006; this study).
description: Published as part of Gu, Zhangjie, Ruthensteiner, Bernhard, Moura, Carlos J., Liu, Lihua, Zhang, Rui & Song, Xikun, 2022, Systematic affinities of Zygophylacidae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Macrocolonia) with descriptions of 15 deep-sea species, pp. 52-87 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 196 on page 60, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac036, http://zenodo.org/record/7035312
Zygophylax abyssicola
Creators: name: Gu, Zhangjie
name: Ruthensteiner, Bernhard
name: Moura, Carlos J.
name: Liu, Lihua
name: Zhang, Rui
name: Song, Xikun
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Hydrozoa
Leptothecata
Zygophylacidae
Zygophylax
Zygophylax abyssicola

description: ZYGOPHYLAX ABYSSICOLA (STECHOW, 1926)
(FIGS 3, 4, 5A–F)
Lictorella abyssicola Stechow, 1926: 99; Ruthensteiner et al., 2008: 19.
Zygophylax abyssicola: Rees & Vervoort, 1987: 76; Galea & Schuchert, 2019: 59.
? Zygophylax bifurcata Billard, 1942: 34–35, figs 1–3.
Type locality: Somalia, near Mogadishu, north-west Indian Ocean; 1644 m.
Specimens examined: Eight syntypes from the Indian Ocean, four of them with gonothecae; see details in Supporting Information, Table S1.
Lectotype designation: Lectotype, a fertile, formalinfixed then ethanol-preserved colony, ZSM 20040197 (Fig. 3A, arrow); paralectotypes, the remaining colonies from sample ZSM 20040197 (Fig. 3A, the left colony, G), ZSM 20040726 (Fig. 3A, the right colony, D), formalinfixed then ethanol stored, ZSM 20043537–20043542 (Figs 3B, C, E, F, H, I, 5A–F), microslides.
description: Published as part of Gu, Zhangjie, Ruthensteiner, Bernhard, Moura, Carlos J., Liu, Lihua, Zhang, Rui & Song, Xikun, 2022, Systematic affinities of Zygophylacidae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Macrocolonia) with descriptions of 15 deep-sea species, pp. 52-87 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 196 on page 60, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac036, http://zenodo.org/record/7035312
Zygophylax africana Stechow 1923
Creators: name: Gu, Zhangjie
name: Ruthensteiner, Bernhard
name: Moura, Carlos J.
name: Liu, Lihua
name: Zhang, Rui
name: Song, Xikun
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Hydrozoa
Leptothecata
Zygophylacidae
Zygophylax
Zygophylax africana

description: ZYGOPHYLAX AFRICANA STECHOW, 1923
(FIGS 5G, H, 6)
Zygophylax africana Stechow, 1923a: 106–107; 1925: 445–446, fig. 18; Millard, 1964: 15–18, fig. 4A–F; 1968: 263; 1973: 28, fig. 4B; 1975: 189–190, fig. 62A–E; 1977: 106; 1980: 131; Gravier-Bonnet, 1979: 29; Rees & Vervoort, 1987: 75; Bouillon et al., 2006: 341; Ruthensteiner et al., 2008: 25; Altuna, 2012: 5–8, figs 2, 3; Campos et al., 2020: 540–543, pl. 2A–G.
? Zygophylax africana: Hirohito, 1983: 22–24, fig. 6; 1995: 136–138, fig. 40a–e.
Zygophylax africanus: Vervoort & Watson, 2003: 69 [incorrect subsequent spelling]. hydrocladia (Fig. 6B, C), borne on short pedicels, tubular, distal part curved abaxially and forming angles of 15°–45° with the proximal part, diaphragm straight to oblique, margin slightly everted, with or without renovations (Fig. 6C). Nematothecae on hydrocladia, hydrocauli and apophyses of hydrocladia; tubular, with basal diaphragm (Fig. 6D).
description: Published as part of Gu, Zhangjie, Ruthensteiner, Bernhard, Moura, Carlos J., Liu, Lihua, Zhang, Rui & Song, Xikun, 2022, Systematic affinities of Zygophylacidae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Macrocolonia) with descriptions of 15 deep-sea species, pp. 52-87 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 196 on page 62, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac036, http://zenodo.org/record/7035312
Zygophylax biarmata Billard 1905
Creators: name: Gu, Zhangjie
name: Ruthensteiner, Bernhard
name: Moura, Carlos J.
name: Liu, Lihua
name: Zhang, Rui
name: Song, Xikun
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Hydrozoa
Leptothecata
Zygophylacidae
Zygophylax
Zygophylax biarmata

description: ZYGOPHYLAX BIARMATA BILLARD, 1905
(FIG. 7)
Zygophylax biarmata: Ramil & Vervoort, 1992: 59–65, figs 11e–h, 12a–i, 13e, f (synonymy).
Type locality: Bay of Biscay, north-east Atlantic; 411 m.
Specimens examined: Three colonies from the Gulf of Cadiz, one fertile; see details in Supporting Information, Table S1.
Molecular sequences: 16S rRNA gene (Moura et al., 2008, 2012); see sequence details in Supporting Information, Table S3.
Measurements: See Supporting Information, Table S2.
Description: Trophosome. Colonies upright, about 0.9 cm high (Fig. 7A). Hydrocaulus geniculate, polysiphonic, unsegmented, branching regularly (Fig. 7A, B). Hydrocladia coplanar, forming angles of 60°– 90° with the hydrocaulus (Fig. 7B), dichotomously branched, mono- or polysiphonic, with irregular nodes (Fig. 7B, C), axillary hydrothecae present at the branching sites (Fig. 7D). Hydrothecae alternating regularly in one plane, forming angles of 60°–90° with the longitudinal axes of the corresponding hydrocladia (Fig. 7C), short-pedicellate, tubular, the distal part straight or curved away from the internode and forming angles of about 30° with the proximal part; diaphragm oblique, margin slightly everted, with two to seven renovations (Fig. 7C, E, G). A tubular nematotheca present at apophyses of hydrocladia, with one to six renovations (Fig. 7C, E, F).
Gonosome: Gonothecae clustering into coppiniae on hydrocaulus (Fig. 7A, B); coppiniae with dichotomously branched defensive tubes and hydrothecae. The morphology of individual gonothecae could not be established properly without destructive methods, and the coppiniae in the present material are obscured by adhering particles, not allowing a detailed examination to be done.
Distribution: Gulf of Cadiz (Moura et al., 2012; this study); Bay of Biscay north-west of Spain; the Azores; Madeira; the Canary Islands; the east coast of South Africa; the Madagascar area; the Zanzibar area (See Ramil & Vervoort, 1992).
description: Published as part of Gu, Zhangjie, Ruthensteiner, Bernhard, Moura, Carlos J., Liu, Lihua, Zhang, Rui & Song, Xikun, 2022, Systematic affinities of Zygophylacidae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Macrocolonia) with descriptions of 15 deep-sea species, pp. 52-87 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 196 on pages 63-66, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac036, http://zenodo.org/record/7035312
Zygophylax brownei Billard 1924
Creators: name: Gu, Zhangjie
name: Ruthensteiner, Bernhard
name: Moura, Carlos J.
name: Liu, Lihua
name: Zhang, Rui
name: Song, Xikun
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Hydrozoa
Leptothecata
Zygophylacidae
Zygophylax
Zygophylax brownei

description: ZYGOPHYLAX BROWNEI BILLARD, 1924
(FIG. 8)
Zygophylax brownei: Ramil & Vervoort, 1992: 65–70, figs 13a–d, 14a–c (synonymy).
Type locality: Bay of Biscay, north-east Atlantic; 186 m.
Specimens examined: Three colonies from the Gulf of Cadiz, one of them fertile; see details in Supporting Information, Table S1.
Molecular sequences: 16S rRNA, 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA and COI genes (this study); see sequence details in Supporting Information, Table S3.
description: Published as part of Gu, Zhangjie, Ruthensteiner, Bernhard, Moura, Carlos J., Liu, Lihua, Zhang, Rui & Song, Xikun, 2022, Systematic affinities of Zygophylacidae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Macrocolonia) with descriptions of 15 deep-sea species, pp. 52-87 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 196 on page 66, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac036, http://zenodo.org/record/7035312
Zygophylax curvitheca Stechow 1913
Creators: name: Gu, Zhangjie
name: Ruthensteiner, Bernhard
name: Moura, Carlos J.
name: Liu, Lihua
name: Zhang, Rui
name: Song, Xikun
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Hydrozoa
Leptothecata
Zygophylacidae
Zygophylax
Zygophylax curvitheca

description: ZYGOPHYLAX CURVITHECA STECHOW, 1913
(FIGS 5I–M, 9)
Zygophylax curvitheca Stechow, 1913a: 139–140; 1913b: 11, 116–117, fig. 89; 1923b: 10; Nutting, 1927: 212–213, pl. 41, fig. 3; Yamada, 1959: 47–48; Rees & Thursfield, 1965:78, 201; Smaldon et al., 1976: 16; Rees & Vervoort, 1987: 72; Hirohito, 1995: 142, fig.43a–d, pl. 9, fig. A; Ruthensteiner et al., 2008: 25.
Type locality: Sagami Bay, Japan; 600 m.
Specimens examined: Six infertile syntypes from Japan; see details in Supporting Information, Table S1.
Lectotype designation: Lectotype, a fertile, formalinfixed then ethanol-preserved colony, ZSM 20040199 (Fig. 9A–C); paralectotypes, ZSM 20043570 – ZSM 20043574 (Figs 5I–M, 9D–F), microslides.
description: Published as part of Gu, Zhangjie, Ruthensteiner, Bernhard, Moura, Carlos J., Liu, Lihua, Zhang, Rui & Song, Xikun, 2022, Systematic affinities of Zygophylacidae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Macrocolonia) with descriptions of 15 deep-sea species, pp. 52-87 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 196 on page 67, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac036, http://zenodo.org/record/7035312
Zygophylax leloupi Ramil & Vervoort 1992
Creators: name: Gu, Zhangjie
name: Ruthensteiner, Bernhard
name: Moura, Carlos J.
name: Liu, Lihua
name: Zhang, Rui
name: Song, Xikun
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Hydrozoa
Leptothecata
Zygophylacidae
Zygophylax
Zygophylax leloupi

description: ZYGOPHYLAX LELOUPI RAMIL & VERVOORT, 1992
(FIG. 10)
Zygophylax leloupi: Vervoort, 2006: 239–240, fig. 15 (synonymy).
Type locality: off Rabat, Marocco; 890 m.
Specimens examined: One infertile colony from Portugal; see details in Supporting Information, Table S1.
Molecular sequences: 16S rRNA (Moura et al., 2012) and 28S rRNA genes (this study); see sequence details in Supporting Information, Table S3.
description: Published as part of Gu, Zhangjie, Ruthensteiner, Bernhard, Moura, Carlos J., Liu, Lihua, Zhang, Rui & Song, Xikun, 2022, Systematic affinities of Zygophylacidae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Macrocolonia) with descriptions of 15 deep-sea species, pp. 52-87 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 196 on page 68, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac036, http://zenodo.org/record/7035312
Zygophylax levinseni
Creators: name: Gu, Zhangjie
name: Ruthensteiner, Bernhard
name: Moura, Carlos J.
name: Liu, Lihua
name: Zhang, Rui
name: Song, Xikun
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Hydrozoa
Leptothecata
Zygophylacidae
Zygophylax
Zygophylax levinseni

description: ZYGOPHYLAX LEVINSENI (SAEMUNDSSON, 1911)
(FIG. 11)
Zygophylax levinseni: Vervoort, 2006: 240–242, fig. 16 (synonymy).
Type locality: Near the Vestmannaeyjar Archipelago, Iceland; 510 m.
Specimens examined: Five colonies from the Gulf of Cadiz, two fertile; see details in Supporting Information, Table S1.
Molecular sequences: 16S rRNA (Moura et al., 2008, 2012); 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA genes (this study); see sequence details in Supporting Information, Table S3.
Measurements: See details in Supporting Information, Table S2.
Description: Trophosome. Colonies erect, up to 4.5 cm in height (Fig. 11A). Hydrocaulus straight, polysiphonic, unsegmented, branching. Hydrocladia coplanar, dichotomously branched, straight, monosiphonic (Figs 11A, B), with irregular nodes (Fig. 11E), forming angles of 30°–60° with the hydrocaulus (Fig. 11A), axillary hydrothecae present at branching points (Fig. 11E). Hydrothecae arranged alternately in two planes forming angles of 30°–60° (Fig. 11B); borne on moderately long pedicels, tubular, distal part straight or slightly curved, one or two oblique diaphragms basally (Fig. 11D), margin slightly everted, with one to three renovations (Fig. 11D–F). One nematotheca present on apophyses of hydrocladia (Fig. 11F, H).
Gonosome: Gonothecae clustering into coppiniae encircling the hydrocaulus (Fig. 11C), with abundant protective tubes, one nematotheca observed on the base of one protective tube (Fig. 11G, I). Gonothecae free from one another, elliptical, tapering basally, apices with two lateral, curved tubes (Fig. 11C, G).
Distribution: Gulf of Cadiz (Moura et al., 2008; this study); south of Iceland (Saemundsson, 1911); the Azores region (Leloup, 1940); near the coast of Rabat, Morocco (Ramil & Vervoort, 1992); one tropical Atlantic locality, south of Cape Verde Islands (Vervoort, 2006); Madeira (Moura et al., 2012).
Remarks: Zygophylax tottoni Rees & Vervoort, 1987 resembles Z. leviseni by the hydrothecal morphology, but Z. leviseni has comparatively more numerous and smaller nematothecae; see details in Supporting Information, Table S2.
description: Published as part of Gu, Zhangjie, Ruthensteiner, Bernhard, Moura, Carlos J., Liu, Lihua, Zhang, Rui & Song, Xikun, 2022, Systematic affinities of Zygophylacidae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Macrocolonia) with descriptions of 15 deep-sea species, pp. 52-87 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 196 on page 68, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac036, http://zenodo.org/record/7035312
Zygophylax lighti Gu & Ruthensteiner & Moura & Liu & Zhang & Song 2022
Creators: name: Gu, Zhangjie
name: Ruthensteiner, Bernhard
name: Moura, Carlos J.
name: Liu, Lihua
name: Zhang, Rui
name: Song, Xikun
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Hydrozoa
Leptothecata
Zygophylacidae
Zygophylax
Zygophylax lighti

description: ZYGOPHYLAX LIGHTI GU & SONG SP. NOV.
(FIGS 12, 13A, B, 14A)
Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: urn: lsid: zoobank. org:act: 536BAF1F-9924-41D1-AF33-6612D85F206A.
Type locality: South China Sea; 921–1816 m.
Etymology: The specific name honours Professor Sol Felty Light (1886–1947) who served as the chairman of the Department of Zoology at Xiamen University from 1922 to 1924, and memorizes the centenary celebration of the biological disciplines in Xiamen University. Light’s systematic studies on marine invertebrates initiated the early development of marine science at the Xiamen University.
Type material: Holotype, XUMB7904, fertile; paratype, XUMB7905, fertile; see Supporting Information, Table S1.
Other material: Thirty-five infertile colonies deposited separately, each specimen containing one colony (XMUB7863, XMUB7869, XMUB7906– XMUB7938), also collected from South China Sea. See details in Supporting Information, Table S1.
description: Published as part of Gu, Zhangjie, Ruthensteiner, Bernhard, Moura, Carlos J., Liu, Lihua, Zhang, Rui & Song, Xikun, 2022, Systematic affinities of Zygophylacidae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Macrocolonia) with descriptions of 15 deep-sea species, pp. 52-87 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 196 on pages 68-70, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac036, http://zenodo.org/record/7035312
Zygophylax pacifica Stechow 1920
Creators: name: Gu, Zhangjie
name: Ruthensteiner, Bernhard
name: Moura, Carlos J.
name: Liu, Lihua
name: Zhang, Rui
name: Song, Xikun
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Hydrozoa
Leptothecata
Zygophylacidae
Zygophylax
Zygophylax pacifica

description: ZYGOPHYLAX PACIFICA STECHOW, 1920
(FIGS 5N–Q, 15)
Zygophylax biarmata: Stechow, 1913b: 114–115, fig. 88.
Zygophylax pacifica Stechow, 1920: 11; 1923b: 10; 1923c: 141–142; Vervoort, 1941: 198–199; Yamada, 1959: 48; Hirohito, 1983: 29, fig. 10; 1995:142–144, fig. 43e, f,
pl. 9, fig. B; Rees & Vervoort, 1987: 74; Ruthensteiner et al., 2008: 25.
? Zygophylax pacifica: Leloup, 1938: 10.
Type locality: Sagami Bay, Japan; 250 m.
Specimens examined: Five syntypes and two colonies from Japan, all the specimens are infertile; see details in Supporting Information, Table S1.
Lectotype designation: Lectotype, an infertile, formalin-fixed then ethanol-preserved colony ZSM 20040198 (Fig. 15A–D); paralectotypes, ZSM 20041554 – ZSM 20041556, ZSM 20043569 (Figs 5N–Q, 15E, F), microslides.
description: Published as part of Gu, Zhangjie, Ruthensteiner, Bernhard, Moura, Carlos J., Liu, Lihua, Zhang, Rui & Song, Xikun, 2022, Systematic affinities of Zygophylacidae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Macrocolonia) with descriptions of 15 deep-sea species, pp. 52-87 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 196 on pages 72-73, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac036, http://zenodo.org/record/7035312
Zygophylax sagamiensis Hirohito 1983
Creators: name: Gu, Zhangjie
name: Ruthensteiner, Bernhard
name: Moura, Carlos J.
name: Liu, Lihua
name: Zhang, Rui
name: Song, Xikun
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Hydrozoa
Leptothecata
Zygophylacidae
Zygophylax
Zygophylax sagamiensis

description: ZYGOPHYLAX CF. SAGAMIENSIS HIROHITO, 1983
(FIG. 18)
Zygophylax sagamiensis Hirohito, 1983: 6, 30–31, fig. 11; Rees & Vervoort, 1987: 85–86; Hirohito, 1995: 144, fig. 44a–e, pl. 9, fig. C; Vervoort & Watson, 2003: 69;
Watson, 2003: 160–161, fig. 10A–F; 2006: 245–247,
fig. 20.
Type locality: Sagami Bay, Japan; 250–300 m.
Specimens examined: Two fertile and 10 infertile colonies from South China Sea; see details in Supporting Information, Table S1.
Molecular sequences: 16S rRNA, 18S rRNA and COI genes (this study); see sequence details in Supporting Information, Table S3.
description: Published as part of Gu, Zhangjie, Ruthensteiner, Bernhard, Moura, Carlos J., Liu, Lihua, Zhang, Rui & Song, Xikun, 2022, Systematic affinities of Zygophylacidae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Macrocolonia) with descriptions of 15 deep-sea species, pp. 52-87 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 196 on pages 76-77, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac036, http://zenodo.org/record/7035312
Zygophylax tankahkeei Gu & Ruthensteiner & Moura & Liu & Zhang & Song 2022
Creators: name: Gu, Zhangjie
name: Ruthensteiner, Bernhard
name: Moura, Carlos J.
name: Liu, Lihua
name: Zhang, Rui
name: Song, Xikun
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Hydrozoa
Leptothecata
Zygophylacidae
Zygophylax
Zygophylax tankahkeei

description: ZYGOPHYLAX TANKAHKEEI GU & SONG SP. NOV.
(FIGS 13E, F, 14B, 19)
Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: urn: lsid: zoobank. org:act: A5BD0B58-428E-473F-A080-206CCAC77CDE.
Type locality: South China Sea; 2359 m.
Etymology: The specific name honours the founder of Xiamen University, Tan Kah Kee, as well as the research vessel Tan Kah Kee (served Xiamen University since 2016) that collected the type material of this species, and in memory of the University’s 100th and 101st Anniversary Celebration (1921–2022).
Type material: Holotype, XUMB6200-1, with one coppinia; paratype, XUMB6200-2, infertile; see Supporting Information, Table S1.
description: Published as part of Gu, Zhangjie, Ruthensteiner, Bernhard, Moura, Carlos J., Liu, Lihua, Zhang, Rui & Song, Xikun, 2022, Systematic affinities of Zygophylacidae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Macrocolonia) with descriptions of 15 deep-sea species, pp. 52-87 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 196 on pages 77-78, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac036, http://zenodo.org/record/7035312
Zygophylax valdiviae Stechow 1923
Creators: name: Gu, Zhangjie
name: Ruthensteiner, Bernhard
name: Moura, Carlos J.
name: Liu, Lihua
name: Zhang, Rui
name: Song, Xikun
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Hydrozoa
Leptothecata
Zygophylacidae
Zygophylax
Zygophylax valdiviae

description: ZYGOPHYLAX VALDIVIAE STECHOW, 1923
(FIGS 5R–U, 20)
Zygophylax valdiviae Stechow, 1923d: 6–7; Stechow, 1925: 446–447, fig. 19; Rees & Vervoort, 1987: 75; Ruthensteiner et al., 2008: 25.
Type locality: 7 km south of St. Paul Island, southern Indian Ocean; 672 m.
Specimens examined: Five infertile syntypes from the Indian Ocean; see details in Supporting Information, Table S1.
Lectotype designation: Lectotype, an infertile, formalin-fixed then ethanol-preserved colony ZSM 20040930 (Fig. 20A); paralectotypes, microslides ZSM 20041566 – ZSM 20041569 (Figs 5R–U, 20B–J).
description: Published as part of Gu, Zhangjie, Ruthensteiner, Bernhard, Moura, Carlos J., Liu, Lihua, Zhang, Rui & Song, Xikun, 2022, Systematic affinities of Zygophylacidae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Macrocolonia) with descriptions of 15 deep-sea species, pp. 52-87 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 196 on pages 79-80, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac036, http://zenodo.org/record/7035312
Pila RoDING 1798
Creators: name: Neubert, Eike
name: Damme, Dirk van
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Architaenioglossa
Ampullariidae
Pila

description: Genus Pila RöDING, 1798
The genus recently occurs all over Africa from the Nile Delta to northern Mozambique and also in Madagascar, the Indo-Pacific islands and S. Asia including southern China and Japan (Brown 1994). Recently some 30 species are known. Most Pila species live in swampy habitats such as floodplains and are able to aestivate in the mud during the dry season. The earliest African fossils date from the Lower Cretaceous of Niger, though it is impossible to ascertain if these belong to the genus Pila (Palaeotropical realm) or to the genus Pomacea PERRY, 1810 (Neotropical realm but presently introduced in N. America and S. Asia) or should be considered the ancestral stem of both taxa due to the near identical shell morphology. It is here assumed that the taxa had split in Eocene times.
description: Published as part of Neubert, Eike & Damme, Dirk van, 2012, Palaeogene continental molluscs of Oman, pp. 1-28 in Contributions to Natural History 20 on page 4, DOI: 10.5169/seals-787080, http://zenodo.org/record/5838544
Pila undetermined
Creators: name: Neubert, Eike
name: Damme, Dirk van
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Architaenioglossa
Ampullariidae
Pila
Pila undetermined

description: Pila sp. (Fig. 4)
Stratum typicum: Paludal biomicritic limestones of the Zalumah Formation.
Age: Late Priabonian.
Material: This species probably occurs in most exposures of the Zalumah Formation. The material here described was collected in 2012 by both authors in the Wadi Darbat area and is stored under the catalogue number NMBE 5018961 – 5018962.
Diagnosis: A palaeogene species of Pila with a very globose shell and a slightly exserted spire.
Description: Medium sized Pila species with dextral very globose shell with a short spire consisting of five evenly rounded, strongly convex whorls, not flattened but slightly depressed at the deep suture; aperture very large, occupying 4/5 of the total height; umbilical margin strongly reflected; umbilicus relatively narrow; shell surface smooth with regular fine growth lines only.
Measurements: Specimen figured: H = 59 mm, W = 52 mm, h = 46 mm; w = ca. 30 mm; a second relatively well preserved specimen but with the lower part of the mouth missing measures as follows: H = 67 mm, W = 55.4 mm; h = 45 mm; w = 32.3 mm.
Remarks: Referred to by Roger & al. (1994) as Pila cf. Sudan form, by which these authors mean P. wernei (PHILIPPI, 1851) (terra typica: Sudan). This Modern African species indeed superficially resembles the Eocene Omani species as to the general form and small spire but distinguishing features such as the strongly malleate surface and spiral lines (Brown 1994) are absent in the fossils. In addition, P. wernei reaches a size of 115 × 103 mm, hence it is about twice the size of the Omani specimens. At the moment it can be concluded that the fossils cannot be placed in P. wernei or any other known Modern or fossil African Pila. They actually quite closely resemble the Asian Pila ampullacea (LINNAEUS, 1758). Better material is necessary before it can be decided if the fossils do belong to a still extant (Asiatic) species or that it is a distinct one. In the lower part of the Zalumah Formation large gastropods occur (ca. 90 × 80 mm), resembling a Pila species with a relatively high spire, but these shells probably belong to the marine family Ampullinidae COSSMANN, 1919 (Naticoidea).
description: Published as part of Neubert, Eike & Damme, Dirk van, 2012, Palaeogene continental molluscs of Oman, pp. 1-28 in Contributions to Natural History 20 on pages 5-6, DOI: 10.5169/seals-787080, http://zenodo.org/record/5838544
Lanistes undetermined MONTFORT 1810
Creators: name: Neubert, Eike
name: Damme, Dirk van
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Architaenioglossa
Ampullariidae
Lanistes

description: Genus Lanistes MONTFORT, 1810
Species with a sinistral shell but the animals are dextral (hyperstrophic growth). Modern occurrence is limited to Africa (Nile Delta to Natal) and Madagascar (Brown 1994), fossil occurrence also includes Arabia (this article). The genus is hence exclusively Afrotropical (Africa + Arabia). The ampullariid genus Mesolanistes YEN, 1945 from Cretaceous-Palaeogene deposits in N. America and S. Asia bears no apparent relationship except that it is also sinistral.
Time range of Lanistes: (Palaeocene) Eocene-Modern (Mayer-Eymar 1893; Abbas 1967; Gautier 1973).
description: Published as part of Neubert, Eike & Damme, Dirk van, 2012, Palaeogene continental molluscs of Oman, pp. 1-28 in Contributions to Natural History 20 on page 6, DOI: 10.5169/seals-787080, http://zenodo.org/record/5838544
Lanistes tricarinatus Neubert & Damme 2012, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Neubert, Eike
name: Damme, Dirk van
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Architaenioglossa
Ampullariidae
Lanistes
Lanistes tricarinatus

description: Lanistes tricarinatus sp. nov.
(Figs. 5–6)
Type specimens: Holotype NMBE 5018963; paratypes NMBE 5018964–5018965, 5019037.
Type locality: Wadi Darbat, Dhofar, Oman.
Stratum typicum: Paludal biomicritic limestones of the Zalumah Formation.
Age: Late Priabonian.
Material: This species probably occurs in most exposures of the Zalumah Formation. The material here described was collected in 2012 by both authors in the Wadi Darbat area.
Etymology: Named after the three carinae on the third whorl.
Diagnosis: A palaeogene species of Lanistes of the L. carinatus type, i.e. characterized by a depressed shell with a peripheral carina on the upper whorls and a very large open umbilicus. Such shells were formerly ranged in the subgenus Lanistes s.str. (Mandahl-Barth 1954).
Description: With a diameter of 77.3 mm this is the largest Lanistes species known, but most specimens do not exceed 60 mm. Depressed shell consisting of 5 ¾ rapidly increasing whorls; spire little exserted, apex blunt; first whorl smooth, second whorl with two sharp keels at the base and the top of the periphery respectively, third whorl with one keel at the base and a double keel at the top, the upper part of these whorls sunk below the rim formed by the upper keel or keels; fourth whorl evenly rounded, except for a faint central keel; surface smooth, marked with growth-lines only, no spiral sculpture visible; aperture acuminate ovate, pointed at the base, outer margin evenly curved, umbilical margin straight; umbilicus wide, deep and funnel-shaped, bound by a strongly thickened and slightly raised angle; operculum unknown.
Measurements: Holotype (Fig. 5): H = 45.8 mm; W = 77.3 mm, h = 42.2 mm; w = 34.0 mm; Paratype NMBE 5018965: H = 34.8 mm; W = 49.2 mm; h = 30 mm; w = 23.3 mm.
Remarks: The record by Roger & al. (1994) of Lanistes subcarinatus (nomen nudum) in their geological study of the Dhofar region seems to pertain to this species. It is the most common of the few fresh water snails present in the Zalumah Formation. In large specimens the apex is strongly eroded and the carination no longer visible.
The Palaeogene fossils mentioned from Egypt and Sudan, namely L. antiquus MAYER-EYMAR, 1893; L. olivieri MONTFORT, 1810, and L. sodaensis ABBASS, 1967 (Abbass 1967) and L. grabhami COx, 1933, redescribed by Gautier (1973) have all the same L. carinatus morphology. They do differ from L. tricarinatus sp. nov. by their smaller size. But these fossils are badly preserved (mainly inner moulds) and the ornamentation on the first whorls is not visible. It hence cannot be excluded that some of that NE African material may pertain to L. tricarinatus.
description: Published as part of Neubert, Eike & Damme, Dirk van, 2012, Palaeogene continental molluscs of Oman, pp. 1-28 in Contributions to Natural History 20 on pages 6-8, DOI: 10.5169/seals-787080, http://zenodo.org/record/5838544
Lanistes thaytinitiensis Neubert & Damme 2012, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Neubert, Eike
name: Damme, Dirk van
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Architaenioglossa
Ampullariidae
Lanistes
Lanistes thaytinitiensis

description: Lanistes thaytinitiensis sp. nov.
(Fig. 7)
Type specimens: Holotype NMBE 5018966; paratypes NMBE 5018967–5018969, MNHN/2, SMF 340185 /2.
Type locality: Thaytiniti, Dhofar, Oman.
Stratum typicum: Paludal biomicritic limestones of the Zalumah Formation.
Age: Late Priabonian.
Material: This species was only recovered from the Zalumah exposures at Thaytiniti. Collected by M. Pickford during one of the palaeontological missions led by H. Thomas in 1988–1990.
Etymology: named after the type locality.
Diagnosis: A palaeogene species of Lanistes characterized by the discoid shape and flattened upper side.
Description: Medium sized Lanistes; discoid shell consisting of 4 ½ whorls with virtually no exserted spire, apex pointed; upper part of the gradually increasing whorls completely flattened, lower part convex, forming a peripheral angle accentuated by a ridge; at the base the periphery of the whorls form a second angle with the flattened walls of the umbilicus, in which the whorls wind downwards (or upwards being hyperstrophic) in a regular spiral; aperture horizontal at the top, the outer margin convex, the upper part of the inner margin, connected to the shell, concave and the free lower part straight, basal margin pointed; growth lines regular and fine, no spiral sculpture; operculum unknown.
Measurements: Holotype (Fig. 7): H = 12.5 mm; W = 38.2 mm; h = 12.0 mm; w = 11.5 mm. Paratype (NMBE 5018967): H = 11.2 mm; W = 32.2 mm; h = 11.2 mm; w = 10.3 mm.
Remarks: We did not find any fossils of this species in the Salalah region, while in the Zalumah exposures at Thaytiniti is seems to be the most common of the two Lanistes. This indicates either a difference in age or in environmental conditions between these two sites. Lanistes thaytinitiensis sp. nov. is the only flattened discoid Lanistes species known.
description: Published as part of Neubert, Eike & Damme, Dirk van, 2012, Palaeogene continental molluscs of Oman, pp. 1-28 in Contributions to Natural History 20 on pages 9-10, DOI: 10.5169/seals-787080, http://zenodo.org/record/5838544
Cyclotopsis BLANFORD 1864
Creators: name: Neubert, Eike
name: Damme, Dirk van
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Littorinimorpha
Pomatiidae
Cyclotopsis

description: Genus Cyclotopsis BLANFORD, 1864
Having been used as a dumping ground for several Indopacific pomatiid species, the range of this genus has recently been restricted to a few species living in India today (Neubert 2009). This is the first fossil species recorded for this genus, which thus has a time range from Oligocene to Modern.
description: Published as part of Neubert, Eike & Damme, Dirk van, 2012, Palaeogene continental molluscs of Oman, pp. 1-28 in Contributions to Natural History 20 on page 10, DOI: 10.5169/seals-787080, http://zenodo.org/record/5838544
Succinea omanensis Neubert & Damme 2012, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Neubert, Eike
name: Damme, Dirk van
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Stylommatophora
Succineidae
Succinea
Succinea omanensis

description: Succinea omanensis sp. nov.
(Figs. 11–12)
Type specimens: Holotype NMBE 5018975; paratypes NMBE 5018976, 5019044; paratypes Thaytiniti NMBE 5019045–5019047.
Type locality: Wadi Darbat, Dhofar, Oman.
Stratum typicum: Paludal biomicritic limestones of the Zalumah Formation.
Age: Late Priabonian.
Material: Only known from the type locality.
Diagnosis: A small shelled member of Succinea, with a rapidly growing teleoconch and the last whorl exceeding half of the complete height of the shell.
Etymology: omanensis refers to the provenance of this new species.
Description: Small shells with a rapidly growing teleoconch, shells probably reach a total shell length of about 10 mm; preserved paratype shell with almost 4 whorls, protoconch eroded; suture shallow, well-marked and somewhat reinforced, subsuturally slightly crenulate; teleoconch covered by a regular pattern of fine, axial growth riblets; last whorl amply open, constituting more than half of the complete height of the shell.
Measurements: Holotype (Fig. 11): H = 4.94 mm; Wh <3; paratype (Fig. 12): H = 7.67 mm; Wh> 3.5.
Remarks: It has to be stressed that the affiliation of this species to the extant genus Succinea is debatable. However, the shells are in fact quite similar to a number of Modern species within Succinea and related genera, which today are defined by using anatomical and molecular data, inapplicable to fossils. Creating a fossil genus to harbour these shells seems not to be advisable as long as material is so meagre and good arguments in favour of such a genus are available. Today, there are only two records of an extant succineid species from the Arabian Peninsula, i.e. Quickia concisa (MORELET, 1848). The shell of this species is smaller, and it has a deep and simple suture, and thus cannot be identified with the fossil specimens from Wadi Darbat (Neubert 1998: 370, fig. 63).
description: Published as part of Neubert, Eike & Damme, Dirk van, 2012, Palaeogene continental molluscs of Oman, pp. 1-28 in Contributions to Natural History 20 on pages 12-13, DOI: 10.5169/seals-787080, http://zenodo.org/record/5838544
Limicolaria omanensis Neubert & Damme 2012, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Neubert, Eike
name: Damme, Dirk van
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Stylommatophora
Achatinidae
Limicolaria
Limicolaria omanensis

description: Limicolaria omanensis sp. nov.
(Figs. 13–14)
Type specimens: Holotype NMBE 5018977; paratypes NMBE 5018978–5018979, MNHN/5; paratypes Wadi Darbat NMBE 5018980 – 5018981, 5019048 – 5019049.
Type locality: Thaytiniti, Dhofar, Oman.
Stratum typicum: Paludal biomicritic limestones of the Zalumah Formation.
Age: Late Priabonian.
Material: This species is also known from the fossil beds of Wadi Darbat.
Etymology: omanensis to describe the provenance of this new species.
Diagnosis: A medium sized fossil species of Limicolaria SCHUMACHER, 1817, with a peculiar teleoconch pattern of axial riblets and a sutural cord.
Description: Shell turreted, fusiform; small protoconch (only preserved as stone core); teleoconch of ca. 7 whorls; whorls slightly rounded, with a sculpture of fine axial riblets running over the complete whorl; suture moderately deep, with a subsutural cord; below the cord, a small zone of spirals crossing the riblets and thus producing a characteristic reticulate pattern; aperture oval, upper right part acute.
Measurements: Holotype (Fig. 13): H = 46.6 mm; W = 21.75 mm; h = 19.7 mm; w = 12.5 mm; Wh = 8; parataype (Fig. 14): H = 40.56 mm.
Remarks: The species is mentioned by Roger & al. (1994) as Bulimus. The supraspecific affiliation of this species may be debatable. The endemic subulinid genus Riebeckia MARTENS, 1883 from Soqotra comprises several very large species, which are conchologically quite close to the afrotropical achatinoid Limicolaria species. They differ from those by their truncate columella, which is rounded and usually continuous in Limicolaria. Moreover, the species of Riebeckia are either smooth, or have a faint pattern of a reticulate sculpture on the teleoconch. None of those species has a subsutural cord nor clear axial riblets. Unfortunately, there is no fully grown specimen of Limicolaria omanensis sp. nov. with a preserved lower aperture, so it is not possible at the moment to judge about this character state. At the time being, this species is confined to the Achatinidae because of the resemblance in their teleoconch sculpture with some extant Limicolaria species from Eastern Africa.
description: Published as part of Neubert, Eike & Damme, Dirk van, 2012, Palaeogene continental molluscs of Oman, pp. 1-28 in Contributions to Natural History 20 on pages 14-15, DOI: 10.5169/seals-787080, http://zenodo.org/record/5838544
Achatina sculpturata Neubert & Damme 2012, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Neubert, Eike
name: Damme, Dirk van
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Stylommatophora
Achatinidae
Achatina
Achatina sculpturata

description: Achatina sculpturata sp. nov.
(Fig. 15)
Type specimens: Holotype NMBE 5018982; paratypes NMBE 5018983 – 5018984.
Type locality: Wadi Darbat, Dhofar, Oman.
Stratum typicum: Paludal biomicritic limestones of the Zalumah Formation.
Age: Late Priabonian.
Material: This species is only known from its type locality.
Etymology: sculpturata refers to the quite unusual (for Achatina) teleoconch sculpture of this new species.
Diagnosis: A medium sized fossil species of Achatina LAMARCK, 1799, with a peculiar teleoconch pattern of axial riblets and a sutural cord.
Description: Shell medium sized, fusiform; protoconch comparatively small (only preserved as a stone core); teleoconch of ca. 7 whorls; whorls only slightly rounded, with a sculpture of fine axial ribs running over the complete whorl, ribs usually granular; suture moderately deep, strongly reinforced by a subsutural cord; ribs do not fuse with the cord; aperture obliquely lunulate, narrow, lower part of columella not preserved.
Measurements: Holotype (Fig. 15a): H = 66.9 mm; Wh> 7.
Remarks: So far, this species is only recorded from Wadi Darbat, where it occurs sympatrically with Limicolaria omanensis sp. nov. Even juvenile or subadult specimens of both species can be separated by the size of the protoconch (larger in A. sculpturata sp. nov.), the more slender upper teleoconch of L. omanensis sp. nov., and the smaller size of adult specimens. It is quite interesting to see the similarity in the surface sculpture, but the formation of the subsutural cord also helps to differentiate the two species.
This new species is here attributed to Achatina and not Archachatina ALBERS, 1850 because of the relatively small size of the protoconch of A. sculpturata sp. nov.
description: Published as part of Neubert, Eike & Damme, Dirk van, 2012, Palaeogene continental molluscs of Oman, pp. 1-28 in Contributions to Natural History 20 on pages 15-16, DOI: 10.5169/seals-787080, http://zenodo.org/record/5838544
Cerastus pseudoena Neubert & Damme 2012, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Neubert, Eike
name: Damme, Dirk van
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Stylommatophora
Cerastidae
Cerastus
Cerastus pseudoena

description: Cerastus pseudoena sp. nov.
(Fig. 16)
Type specimens: Holotype NMBE 5018985. Type locality: Wadi Darbat, Dhofar, Oman.
Stratum typicum: Paludal biomicritic limestones of the Zalumah Formation.
Age: Late Priabonian.
Material: This species is only represented by the holotype specimen.
Etymology: pseudoena refers to the superficial similarity of this species with the Modern European enid species Ena montana (DRAPARNAUD, 1801).
Diagnosis: A small species of Cerastidae with a unique formation of aperture, slight ribbing pattern on teleoconch whorls, and partly obscured umbilicus.
Description: Shell slender, turreted; protoconch small, obtuse (not preserved as shell); upper teleoconch whorls elongate conical, last three whorls more rapidly increasing; a fine pattern of axial riblets covering the whorls (only partly preserved, Fig. 16b); aperture elongate oval, columellar part triangular, broad, peristomial rim slightly reinforced by lip formation, somewhat flared; umbilicus open, partly obscured by triangular columellar shield.
Measurements: Holotype (Fig. 16): H = 13.78 mm; Wh> 8.
Remarks: This new species is placed in the family Cerastidae, because it matches very well the enoid shell form of most of the Modern species in this family. The correct separation between Cerastidae and Enidae is based on several anatomical details (Mordan 1992). However, all cerastid species recorded from the Arabian peninsula share the shell morphological detail of shells that are ribbed on the upper teleoconch, at least. This holds also true for C. pseudoena sp. nov., which thus supports its affiliation to that family. It is described under the genus Cerastus ALBERS, 1860, because this genus has a long-lasting history as suggested by its distribution that ranges from Ethiopia via the southwestern Arabian Peninsula to northwestern India. Cerastus girwanensis CONNOLLY, 1941, a Modern endemic species from the Southwest of Saudi Arabia is shown here (Fig. 17) to facilitate comparison.
description: Published as part of Neubert, Eike & Damme, Dirk van, 2012, Palaeogene continental molluscs of Oman, pp. 1-28 in Contributions to Natural History 20 on pages 16-18, DOI: 10.5169/seals-787080, http://zenodo.org/record/5838544
Cerastus praeinsularis Neubert & Damme 2012, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Neubert, Eike
name: Damme, Dirk van
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Stylommatophora
Cerastidae
Cerastus
Cerastus praeinsularis

description: Cerastus praeinsularis sp. nov.
(Figs. 18–19)
Type specimens: Holotype NMBE 5018986, paratype NMBE 5019050.
Type locality: Wadi Darbat, Dhofar, Oman.
Stratum typicum: Paludal biomicritic limestones of the Zalumah Formation.
Age: Late Priabonian.
Material: This species is only represented by the holotype specimen.
Etymology: praeinsularis to pinpoint the early presence of this species in the area, which later gave rise to the Soqotra Archipelago, Yemen.
Diagnosis: Species characterised by the large periomphalum.
Description: Shell elongate turreted, with regularly increasing whorls (protoconch and first teleoconch whorl not preserved); upper teleoconch whorls covered by a fine axial sculpture of ribs; aperture broadly oval, columellar part triangular, partly covering the umbilicus; umbilicus broadly open, with a large periomphalum, delimited by a blunt crest (see arrows in Fig. 18b).
Measurements: Holotype (Fig. 18a): H = 11.81 mm; Wh> 5.
Remarks: For the familial and generic affiliation, the same rationale is used as in C. pseudoena sp. nov. However, the peculiar form of the umbilicus of C. praeinsularis sp. nov. clearly differs from that of its fossil congener, but is quite similar to species from the Soqotran cerastid radiation. In this respect, it particularly resembles shells of the Modern endemic Soqotran genera Achatinelloides NEVILL, 1878, and Passamaella PFEIFFER, 1877 (Neubert 2005a, 2005b). This is here shown by a comparison with Achatinelloides hadibuensis (GODWIN-AUSTEN, 1881) (Fig. 20), which shows a very similar umbilicus formation with a large periomphalum delimited by a blunt crest (see arrow in Fig. 20).
In our material, we also found a small shell consisting of a small protoconch and almost four teleoconch whorls, which are also covered by a dense pattern of axial ribs (Fig. 19). The imperfect formation of the aperture makes it very probable that this is a juvenile shell. Superimposing this fossil with the holotype of C. praeinsularis sp. nov. reveals that the diameter and growing increment of both shells match almost perfectly. For this reason we interpret this shell as a juvenile of C. praeinsularis sp. nov. (NMBE 5019050).
description: Published as part of Neubert, Eike & Damme, Dirk van, 2012, Palaeogene continental molluscs of Oman, pp. 1-28 in Contributions to Natural History 20 on pages 18-19, DOI: 10.5169/seals-787080, http://zenodo.org/record/5838544