cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Jet formation in post-AGB binaries: Confronting cold magnetohydrodynamic disc wind wind models with observations
Creators: name: De Prins, Toon
name: Van Winckel, Hans
name: Ferreira, Jonathan
name: Verhamme, Olivier
name: Kamath, Devika
name: Zimniak, Nathan
name: Jacquemin-Ide, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims: We consider cold self-similar magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) disc wind solutions to describe jets that are launched from the circumcompanion accretion discs in post-AGB binaries. Resulting predictions are matched to observations for five different post-AGB binaries. This both tests the physical validity of the MHD disc wind paradigm and reveals the accretion disc properties. Results: Many of the time-series' properties are reproduced well by the models, though systematic mismatches, such as overestimated rotation, remain. Four targets imply accretion discs that reach close to the secondary's stellar surface, while one is fitted with an unrealistically large inner radius of about 20 stellar radii. Some fits imply inner disc temperatures over 10 000 K, seemingly discrepant with a previous observational estimate from H band interferometry. This estimate is, however, shown to be biased. Fitted mass-accretion rates range from about 10^-6 to 10^-3 solar masses per year. Relative to the jets launched from young stellar objects (YSOs), all targets prefer winds with higher ejection efficiencies, lower magnetizations and thicker discs. Conclusions: Our models show that current cold MHD disc wind solutions can explain many of the jet-related Balmer alpha features seen in post-AGB binaries, though systematic discrepancies remain. This includes, but is not limited to, overestimated rotation and underestimated post-AGB circumbinary disc lifetimes. The consideration of thicker discs and the inclusion of irradiation from the post-AGB primary, leading to warm magnetothermal wind launching, might alleviate these.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics. 21 pages, 9 figures. Final language edits applied
In Vivo Investigations of Selected Diamidine Compounds against Trypanosoma evansi Using a Mouse Model
Creators: name: Boykin, D. W.
name: Brun, R.
name: Tidwell, R. R.
name: Gillingwater, K.
name: Kumar, A.
name: Anbazhagan, M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Surra is an animal pathogenic protozoan infection, caused by Trypanosoma evansi, that develops into a fatal wasting disease. Control measures rely on diagnosis and treatment. However, with the continuous emergence of drug resistance, this tactic is failing, and the pressing need for new chemotherapeutic agents is becoming critical. With the introduction of novel aromatic diamidines, a new category of antitrypanosomal drugs was discovered. Nevertheless, their efficacy within a T. evansi-infected mouse model was not known. In total, 30 compounds previously selected based on their in vitro activity were tested in a T. evansi mouse model of infection. Six of the compounds were capable of curing T. evansi-infected mice at drug doses as low as 0.5 and 0.25 mg/kg of body weight administered for 4 consecutive days, and they were more effective than the standard drugs suramin, diminazene, and quinapyramine. After all selection criteria were applied, three diamidine compounds (DB 75, DB 867, and DB 1192) qualified as lead compounds and were considered to have the potential to act as preclinical candidates against T. evansi infection.
Transition region response to Quiet Sun Ellerman Bombs
Creators: name: Bhatnagar, Aditi
name: van der Voort, Luc Rouppe
name: Joshi, Jayant
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quiet Sun Ellerman Bombs (QSEBs) are key indicators of small-scale photospheric magnetic reconnection events. Recent high-resolution observations have shown that they are ubiquitous and that large numbers of QSEBs can be found in the quiet Sun. We aim to understand the impact of QSEBs on the upper solar atmosphere by analysing their spatial and temporal relationship with the UV brightenings observed in transition region diagnostics. We analyse high-resolution H-beta observations from the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope and utilise k-means clustering to detect 1423 QSEBs in a 51 min time series. We use coordinated and co-aligned observations from the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) to search for corresponding signatures in the 1400 A slit-jaw image (SJI) channel and in the Si IV 1394 A and Mg II 2798.8 A triplet spectral lines. We identify UV brightenings from SJI 1400 using a threshold of 5$σ$ above the median background. We focused on 453 long-lived QSEBs ($>1$ min) and found 67 cases of UV brightenings from SJI 1400 occurring near the QSEBs, both temporally and spatially. Temporal analysis of these events indicates that QSEBs start before UV brightenings in 57 % of cases, while UV brightenings lead in 36 % of instances. The majority of the UV brightenings occur within 1000 km from the QSEBs in the direction of the solar limb. We also identify 21 QSEBs covered by the IRIS slit, with 4 of them showing emissions in both or one of the Si IV 1394 A and Mg II 2798.8 A triplet lines, at distances within 500 km from the QSEBs in the limb direction. We conclude that a small fraction (15 %) of the long-lived QSEBs contribute to localized heating observable in transition region diagnostics, indicating a minimal role in the global heating of the upper solar atmosphere.
description: 16 pages, 16 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A
Probing surface states exposed by crystal terminations at arbitrary orientations of three-dimensional topological insulators
Creators: name: Roy, Sthitadhi
name: Saha, Kush
name: Das, Sourin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The topological properties of the bulk band structure of a three-dimensional topological insulator (TI) manifest themselves in the form of metallic surface states. In this paper, we propose a probe which directly couples to an exotic property of these surface states, namely the spin-momentum locking. We show that the information regarding the spin textures, so extracted, for different surfaces can be put together to reconstruct the parameters characterizing the bulk band structure of the material, hence acting as a hologram. For specific TI materials like, $\text{Bi}_2\text{Se}_3, \text{Bi}_2\text{Te}_3 \text{and Sb}_2\text{Te}_3$, the planar surface states are distinct from one another with regard to their spectrum and the associated spin texture for each angle ($θ$), which the normal to the surface makes with the crystal growth axis. We develop a tunnel Hamiltonian between such arbitrary surfaces and a spin polarized STM which provides a unique fingerprint of the dispersion and the associated spin texture corresponding to each $θ$. Additionally, the theory presented in this article can be used to extract value of $θ$ for a given arbitrary planar surface from the STM spectra itself hence effectively mimicking X-ray spectroscopy.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures, version accepted in Phys. Rev. B
K2-231 b: A Sub-Neptune Exoplanet Transiting a Solar Twin in Ruprecht 147
Creators: name: Henze, C.E.
name: Kraus, A.L.
name: Vanderburg, A.
name: Fulton, B.J.
name: Torres, G.
name: Wright, J.T.
name: Mann, A.W.
name: Isaacson, H.
name: Curtis, J.L.
name: Howard, A.W.
name: Huber, D.
name: Rizzuto, A.C.
Publisher: name: Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 2018

description: We identify a sub-Neptune exoplanet (R p = 2.5 ± 0.2 ) transiting a solar twin in the Ruprecht 147 star cluster (3 Gyr, 300 pc, [Fe/H] = +0.1 dex). The ∼81 day light curve for EPIC 219800881 (V = 12.71) from K2 Campaign 7 shows six transits with a period of 13.84 days, a depth of ∼0.06%, and a duration of ∼4 hr. Based on our analysis of high-resolution MIKE spectra, broadband optical and NIR photometry, the cluster parallax and interstellar reddening, and isochrone models from PARSEC, Dartmouth, and MIST, we estimate the following properties for the host star: M ∗ = 1.01 ± 0.03 , R ∗ = 0.95 ± 0.03 , and = 5695 ± 50 K. This star appears to be single based on our modeling of the photometry, the low radial velocity (RV) variability measured over nearly 10 yr, and Keck/NIRC2 adaptive optics imaging and aperture-masking interferometry. Applying a probabilistic mass-radius relation, we estimate that the mass of this planet is M p = 7 + 5 - 3 , which would cause an RV semi-amplitude of K = 2 ± 1 that may be measurable with existing precise RV facilities. After statistically validating this planet with BLENDER, we now designate it K2-231b, making it the second substellar object to be discovered in Ruprecht 147 and the first planet; it joins the small but growing ranks of 22 other planets and three candidates found in open clusters.
New Treatment Option for Second-Stage African Sleeping Sickness: In Vitro and In Vivo Efficacy of Aza Analogs of DB289
Creators: name: Brun, R.
name: Boykin, D. W.
name: Hall, J. E.
name: Tidwell, R. R.
name: Wenzler, T.
name: Ismail, M. A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: African sleeping sickness is a fatal parasitic disease, and all drugs currently in use for treatment have strong liabilities. It is essential to find new, effective, and less toxic drugs, ideally with oral application, to control the disease. In this study, the aromatic diamidine DB75 (furamidine) and two aza analogs, DB820 and DB829 (CPD-0801), as well as their methoxyamidine prodrugs and amidoxime metabolites, were evaluated against African trypanosomes. The active parent diamidines showed similar in vitro profiles against different Trypanosoma brucei strains, melarsoprol- and pentamidine-resistant lines, and a P2 transporter knockout strain (AT1KO), with DB75 as the most trypanocidal molecule. In the T. b. rhodesiense strain STIB900 acute mouse model, the aza analogs DB820 and DB829 demonstrated activities superior to that of DB75. The aza prodrugs DB844 and DB868, as well as two metabolites of DB844, were orally more potent in the T. b. brucei strain GVR35 mouse central nervous system (CNS) model than DB289 (pafuramidine maleate). Unexpectedly, the parent diamidine DB829 showed high activity in the mouse CNS model by the intraperitoneal route. In conclusion, DB868 with oral and DB829 with parenteral application are potential candidates for further development of a second-stage African sleeping sickness drug.
Prediction of Mesiodistal Width of Canine and Premolars in Mixed Dentition Stage
Creators: name: Khairulzan, Sarah Husna
name: Saruyan, Rowena Diane
name: Nagham Al-Jaf
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biomarkers
subject: 110599 Dentistry not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Objectives: to assess the applicability of Moyer's prediction tables and equations to the Malay population and to formulate
a regression model to predict the size of mesiodistal width of unerupted canine and premolars if proved necessary. Methods: Dental
study models, from the pre-treatment records of Malaysian Malay orthodontic cases in Faculty of Dentistry, UiTM Sungai Buloh,
were screened. Our inclusion criteria were matched by 13 male records and 31 female records. Each gender group was subdivided
into maxillary and mandibular subgroup. A digital Vernier caliper with an accuracy of 0.01 mm was used to measure the mesiodistal
width of the mandibular central and lateral incisors, mandibular and maxillary canines, first premolars, and second premolars of all
four quadrants. Using the collected data of the summed widths of the four mandibular incisors and the summed widths of canine and
premolars, the applicability of Moyer's probability table and two different equations were tested. The data were used to formulate a
prediction regression equation of the type 𝑦 = a + b𝑥 for one group. Results: One of the tested equations were applicable to all
groups except for the male maxilla group. While the other equations were not applicable for all groups. The regression coefficient (r)
was 0.6 with an r² value of 0.36 for male maxilla group. Conclusions: Moyer's 1973 equations are applicable for Malaysian Malay
subjects except for the male maxilla group, for which the formulated prediction equation can be used.
A Catalog of Cool Dwarf Targets for the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite
Creators: name: Paegert, M.
name: Oelkers, R.
name: De Lee, N.
name: Rojas-Ayala, B.
name: Muirhead, P.S.
name: Dressing, C.D.
name: Lépine, S.
name: Mann, A.W.
Publisher: name: Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 2018

description: We present a catalog of cool dwarf targets (V - > J 2.7, Teff≳4000 K) and their stellar properties for the upcoming Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), for the purpose of determining which cool dwarfs should be observed using two minute observations. TESS has the opportunity to search tens of thousands of nearby, cool, late K- and M-type dwarfs for transiting exoplanets, an order of magnitude more than current or previous transiting exoplanet surveys, such as Kepler, K2, and ground-based programs. This necessitates a new approach to choosing cool dwarf targets. Cool dwarfs are chosen by collating parallax and proper motion catalogs from the literature and subjecting them to a variety of selection criteria. We calculate stellar parameters and TESS magnitudes using the best possible relations from the literature while maintaining uniformity of methods for the sake of reproducibility. We estimate the expected planet yield from TESS observations using statistical results from the Kepler mission, and use these results to choose the best targets for two minute observations, optimizing for small planets for which masses can conceivably be measured using follow-up Doppler spectroscopy by current and future Doppler spectrometers. The catalog is available in machine readable format and is incorporated into the TESS Input Catalog and TESS Candidate Target List until a more complete and accurate cool dwarf catalog identified by ESA's Gaia mission can be incorporated.
Predictive Value of Pharmacokinetics-Adjusted Phenotypic Susceptibility on Response to Ritonavir-Enhanced Protease Inhibitors (PIs) in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Subjects Failing Prior PI Therapy
Creators: name: Park, J.-G.
name: Pakes, G. E.
name: Eron, J. J.
name: Aweeka, F.
name: Bastow, B.
name: Wu, H.
name: Richman, D. D.
name: Yu, S.
name: Haubrich, R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: The activities of protease inhibitors in vivo may depend on plasma concentrations and viral susceptibility. This nonrandomized, open-label study evaluated the relationship of the inhibitory quotient (IQ [the ratio of drug exposure to viral phenotypic susceptibility]) to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) viral load (VL) change for ritonavir-enhanced protease inhibitors (PIs). Subjects on PI-based regimens replaced their PIs with ritonavir-enhanced indinavir (IDV/r) 800/200 mg, fosamprenavir (FPV/r) 700/100 mg, or lopinavir (LPV/r) 400/200 mg twice daily. Pharmacokinetics were assessed at day 14; follow-up lasted 24 weeks. Associations between IQ and VL changes were examined. Fifty-three subjects enrolled, 12 on IDV/r, 33 on FPV/r, and 8 on LPV/r. Median changes (n-fold) (FC) of 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) to the study PI were high. Median 2-week VL changes were −0.7, −0.1, and −1.0 log10 for IDV/r, FPV/r, and LPV/r. With FPV/r, correlations between the IQ and the 2-week change in VL were significant (Spearman's r range, −0.39 to −0.50; P ≤ 0.029). The strongest correlation with response to FPV/r was the IC50 FC (r = 0.57; P = 0.001), which improved when only adherent subjects were included (r = 0.68; P = 0.001). In multivariable analyses of the FPV/r arm that included FC, one measure of the drug concentration, corresponding IQ, baseline VL, and CD4, the FC to FPV was the only significant predictor of VL decline (P < 0.001). In exploratory analyses of all arms, the area under the concentration-time curve IQ was correlated with the week 2 VL change (r = −0.72; P < 0.001). In conclusion, in PI-experienced subjects with highly resistant HIV-1, short-term VL responses to RTV-enhanced FPV/r correlated best with baseline susceptibility. The IQ improved correlation in analyses of all arms where a greater range of virologic responses was observed.
Energy spectra of two interacting fermions with spin-orbit coupling in a harmonic trap
Creators: name: Schillaci, Cory D.
name: Luu, Thomas C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the two-body spectra of spin-$1/2$ fermions in isotropic harmonic traps with external spin-orbit potentials and short range two-body interactions. Using a truncated basis of total angular momentum eigenstates, non-perturbative results are presented for experimentally realistic forms of the spin-orbit coupling: a pure Rashba coupling, Rashba and Dresselhaus couplings in equal parts, and a Weyl-type coupling. The technique is easily adapted to bosonic systems and other forms of spin-orbit coupling.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures
e-shape pilot S3-P1 - nextSENSE: solar energy nowcasting & short-term forecasting system
Creators: name: KAZADZIS, Stelios
Publisher: name: GEO Knowledge Hub
Year: 2023
Subjects: Solar Energy
Forecasting Nowcasting
Renewable Energy
e-shape
PMOD-WRC
European Commission
H2020
Group on Earth Observation
GEO
EuroGEO
NextSENSE
GEO-Cradle
Renewable Energy Showcase

description: The consequences of rapidly rising global temperatures will be far-reaching and devastating for humans and the environment unless urgent action is taken globally to curb emissions. To this direction, the United Nations and the European Commission (EC) have set as its main sustainable development goals by 2030 to contribute to climate actions and ensure good health and well-being by providing universal access to affordable, reliable and modern energy services. EC Renewable Energy Directive establishes an overall policy for the production and promotion of energy from renewable sources in the European Union. As a result, renewables currently account for more than 22% of total global electricity generation, of which more than 400 GW produced from solar systems in 2017.This brings to the fore the simultaneous vital need for improved Earth Observation (EO) solutions for the continuous monitor of solar energy potential and fulfil the increasing integration of solar farms into the electricity grids, the load exchanges, as well as the efficient electricity transmission and distribution. Therefore, through joint solar energy implementation funded projects, the EC's renewable energy policy aims to set up a low carbon environment with relevant services and support by existing and new EO techniques dealing with accurate, nowcast, short-term (STF) and long-term forecast estimations of solar energy. Description of the service is provided at the following link: https://e-shape.eu/index.php/eshape-services.AcknowledgmentThe e-shape project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement 820852.
A System of Three Super Earths Transiting the Late K-Dwarf GJ 9827 at 30 pc
Creators: name: Ciardi, D.R.
name: Rodriguez, J.E.
name: Crossfield, I.J.M.
name: Quinn, S.N.
name: Mann, A.W.
name: Eastman, J.D.
name: Latham, D.W.
name: Vanderburg, A.
Publisher: name: Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 2018

description: We report the discovery of three small transiting planets orbiting GJ 9827, a bright (K = 7.2) nearby late K-type dwarf star. GJ 9827 hosts a 1.62 ± 0.11 R⊕ super Earth on a 1.2 day period, 1.269-00.089+0.087 R⊕ a super Earth on a 3.6 day period, and a 2.07 ± 0.14 R⊕ super Earth on a 6.2 day period. The radii of the planets transiting GJ 9827 span the transition between predominantly rocky and gaseous planets, and GJ 9827 b and c fall in or close to the known gap in the radius distribution of small planets between these populations. At a distance of 30 pc, GJ 9827 is the closest exoplanet host discovered by K2 to date, making these planets well-suited for atmospheric studies with the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope. The GJ 9827 system provides a valuable opportunity to characterize interior structure and atmospheric properties of coeval planets spanning the rocky to gaseous transition.
Supplementary Materials of the Manuscript Propose Framework Determinant and Successful Factor Using Agriculture Information System
Creators: name: Juniarti, Hafni Amalia
name: Raya, Alia Bihrajihant
name: Subejo, Subejo
name: Kaliky, Rahima
name: Andarwati, Siti
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 440406
subject: Rural community development
classificationCode: 440710
subject: Research, science and technology policy
classificationCode: 440712
subject: Social policy
classificationCode: 460905
subject: Information systems development methodologies and practice
classificationCode: 460907
subject: Information systems for sustainable development and the public good
classificationCode: 460908
subject: Information systems organisation and management
classificationCode: 460909
subject: Information systems philosophy, research methods and theory
classificationCode: 460912
subject: Knowledge and information management

description: Supplementary Materials of the Manuscript Propose Framework Determinant and Successful Factor Using Agriculture Information System which consist of Summarize the Theories or Models of Adoption Innovation, DeLone and McLean Information System Succes Theory, and Description of Respondent
Zodiacal Exoplanets in Time (ZEIT). VI. A Three-planet System in the Hyades Cluster Including an Earth-sized Planet
Creators: name: Rizzuto, A.C.
name: Latham, D.W.
name: MacE, G.N.
name: Morris, N.R.
name: Quinn, S.N.
name: Berlind, P.
name: Sokal, K.R.
name: Mann, A.W.
name: Vanderburg, A.
name: Stefanik, R.P.
name: Kraus, A.L.
name: Bieryla, A.
name: Calkins, M.L.
name: Esquerdo, G.A.
Publisher: name: Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 2018

description: Planets in young clusters are powerful probes of the evolution of planetary systems. Here we report the discovery of three planets transiting EPIC 247589423, a late-K dwarf in the Hyades (≃800 Myr) cluster, and robust detection limits for additional planets in the system. The planets were identified from their K2 light curves as part of our survey of young clusters and star-forming regions. The smallest planet has a radius comparable to Earth (), making it one of the few Earth-sized planets with a known, young age. The two larger planets are likely a mini-Neptune and a super-Earth, with radii of 291+0.11-0.10and 1.45+0.11-0.08 , respectively. The predicted radial velocity signals from these planets are between 0.4 and 2 m s-1, achievable with modern precision RV spectrographs. Because the target star is bright (V = 11.2) and has relatively low-amplitude stellar variability for a young star (2-6 mmag), EPIC 247589423 hosts the best known planets in a young open cluster for precise radial velocity follow-up, enabling a robust test of earlier claims that young planets are less dense than their older counterparts.
Dry Powder PA-824 Aerosols for Treatment of Tuberculosis in Guinea Pigs
Creators: name: Padilla, D.
name: VerBerkmoes, J. L.
name: Elbert, K. J.
name: Sung, J. C.
name: Hickey, A. J.
name: Edwards, D. A.
name: Garcia-Contreras, L.
name: Telko, M.
name: Muttil, P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Novel treatments for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB), or latent TB are needed urgently. Recently, we reported the formulation and characterization of the nitroimidazo-oxazine PA-824 for efficient aerosol delivery as dry powder porous particles and the subsequent disposition in guinea pigs after pulmonary administration. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of these PA-824 therapeutic aerosols on the extent of TB infection in the low-inoculum aerosol infection guinea pig model. Four weeks after infection by the pulmonary route, animals received daily treatment for 4 weeks of either a high or a low dose of PA-824 dry powder aerosol. Animals received PA-824 cyclodextrin/lecithin suspensions orally as positive controls, and those receiving placebo particles or no treatment were negative controls. The lungs and spleens of animals receiving the high dose of inhaled PA-824 particles exhibited a lower degree of inflammation (indicated by wet tissue weights), bacterial burden, and tissue damage (indicated by histopathology) than those of untreated or placebo animals. Treatment with oral PA-824 cyclodextrin/lecithin suspension resulted in a more significant reduction in the bacterial burden of lungs and spleen, consistent with a dose that was larger than inhaled doses (eight times the inhaled low dose and four times the inhaled high dose). However, histopathological analysis revealed that the extent of tissue damage was comparable in groups receiving the oral or either inhaled dose. The present studies indicate the potential use of PA-824 dry powder aerosols in the treatment of TB.
Emergence des caméras électroniques Lallemand : bilan de résidence de recherche CollEx-Persée Observatoire de Paris PSL.
Creators: name: Soulu, Frédéric
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: history of astronmy
electronic camera
histoire de l'astronomie
caméra Lallemand
observatoire de Paris

description: Final report of the of the CollEx-Persée research residency at the Observatoire de Paris PSL devoted to the emergence of the Lallemand electronic camera. This detector invented in Strasbourg by André Lallemand (1904-1978) was developed at Paris Observatory after the Second World War. The laboratory's archives, treated within the framework of this research project, allowed the highlighting of a little-known period of the history of sciences of the 20th century and of its heritage.
The accretion history of dark matter halos III: A physical model for the concentration-mass relation
Creators: name: Correa, Camila A.
name: Wyithe, J. Stuart B.
name: Schaye, Joop
name: Duffy, Alan R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a semi-analytic, physically motivated model for dark matter halo concentration as a function of halo mass and redshift. The semi-analytic model combines an analytic model for the halo mass accretion history (MAH), based on extended Press Schechter (EPS) theory, with an empirical relation between concentration and formation time obtained through fits to the results of numerical simulations. Because the semi-analytic model is based on EPS theory, it can be applied to wide ranges in mass, redshift and cosmology. The resulting concentration-mass (c-M) relations are found to agree with the simulations, and because the model applies only to relaxed halos, they do not exhibit the upturn at high masses or high redshifts found by some recent works. We predict a change of slope in the z=0 c-M relation at a mass scale of $10^{11}\rm{M}_{\odot}$. We find that this is due to the change in the functional form of the halo MAH, which goes from being dominated by an exponential (for high-mass halos) to a power-law (for low-mass halos). During the latter phase, the core radius remains approximately constant, and the concentration grows due to the drop of the background density. We also analyse how the c-M relation predicted by this work affects the power produced by dark matter annihilation, finding that at z = 0 the power is two orders of magnitude lower than that obtained from extrapolating best-fitting c-M relations. We provide fits to the c-M relations as well as numerical routines to compute concentrations and MAHs.
description: Updated to match published version from MNRAS. Code 'COMMAH' to compute c-M relations and halo MAHs can be found at http://ph.unimelb.edu.au/~correac/html/codes.html COMMAH is also in the pypi python package, to install it type 'pip install commah'
Global Challenge of Antibiotic-Resistant Treponema pallidum
Creators: name: Stamm, L. V.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Syphilis is a multistage infectious disease that is usually transmitted through contact with active lesions of a sexual partner or from an infected pregnant woman to her fetus. Despite elimination efforts, syphilis remains endemic in many developing countries and has reemerged in several developed countries, including China, where a widespread epidemic recently occurred. In the absence of a vaccine, syphilis control is largely dependent upon identification of infected individuals and treatment of these individuals and their contacts with antibiotics. Although penicillin is still effective, clinically significant resistance to macrolides, a second-line alternative to penicillin, has emerged. Macrolide-resistant strains of Treponema pallidum are now prevalent in several developed countries. An understanding of the genetic basis of T. pallidum antibiotic resistance is essential to enable molecular surveillance. This review discusses the genetic basis of T. pallidum macrolide resistance and the potential of this spirochete to develop additional antibiotic resistance that could seriously compromise syphilis treatment and control.
Osteoprotective Effects of Virgin Coconut Oil and Tocotrienol Rich Fraction on Biomechanical Bone Strength Parameter
Creators: name: Ghani, Dina Fariha Che Ab
name: A’isyah Nabila Uzaimi
name: Shuid, Ahmad Nazrun
name: Mohd Maaruf Abdul Malik
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 110601 Biomechanics
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Objective: The study aimed to determine the bone effect of combined therapy of virgin coconut oil (VCO) and palm oil tocotrienolrich fraction (TRF) on biomechanical bone strength parameters of the ovariectomised rat model fed with high fat diet and heated palm
oil. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six right femora of female Sprague-Dawley rats were obtained from the previous study at
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). The bone samples were divided into six groups with six femora in each group: Shamoperated (SHAM), ovariectomised control (OVX), ovariectomised and given Premarin 64.5µg/kg (OVX+P), ovariectomised and given
VCO 1.43ml/kg (OVX+V), ovariectomised and given TRF 30mg/kg (OVX+T) and ovariectomised and given combined therapy of
VCO and TRF (OVX+VT); for 24 weeks of treatment. The right femora were wrapped completely in Phosphate Buffered Solution
(PBS)-soaked gauze and aluminum foil and kept in the freezer (-80ºC). In the present study, the right femora were thawed at room
temperature (25ºC) for two hours. The femora were analyzed for three-point bending test using Shimadzu, AG-X 500N machine
controlled by proprietary software (Trapezium X Version 1.00, Shimadzu). Results: The data was tested for normality using the
Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The results showed that the data were normally distributed. The statistical tests used were the analysis of
variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey’s HSD test. The Young modulus value of OVX+VT group was significantly higher than
OVX+V and OVX+T groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Combined supplementation of VCO and TRF have offered better bone protective
effects than single supplementation with VCO or TRF in preventing bone loss of osteoporotic rat model.
Maternal-Fetal Pharmacokinetics and Dynamics of a Single Intrapartum Dose of Maraviroc in Rhesus Macaques
Creators: name: Shulman, N. S.
name: Van Rompay, K. K. A.
name: Holodniy, M.
name: Winters, M. A.
name: Kashuba, A. D. M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Single-dose nevirapine (NVP) is effective in reducing mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV; however, the subsequent development of drug resistance is problematic. The pharmacokinetic profile of the HIV entry inhibitor maraviroc after a single intrapartum dose in rhesus macaques was studied to determine whether maraviroc could serve as an alternative to NVP in a single-dose strategy. Four pregnant macaques received an oral dose of maraviroc 2 h before delivery, and both infant and maternal plasma maraviroc concentrations and CCR5 receptor occupancy on CD4+ lymphocytes were measured over time. Maximum plasma maraviroc concentrations were found at delivery (2-h-postintrapartum dose) in both the mothers and infants, with median concentrations of 974 ng/ml (range, 86 to 2,830 ng/ml) and 22 ng/ml (range, 4 to 99 ng/ml), respectively. Maraviroc was detected in the plasma of mothers up to 48 h after dosing but only as long as 3.5 h in the infants. The median fetal-maternal area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) ratio was 0.009 (range, 0.000 to 0.015). Maraviroc receptor occupancy data showed evidence of unprotected CCR5 receptors on CD4+ cells in the mothers 24 to 48 h after dosing. Extremely low CCR5 expression on CD4+ cells of newborn macaques prevented determination of receptor occupancy in the infants. In rhesus macaques, maraviroc was poorly transferred across the placenta and was quickly cleared from the infants’ blood. The low concentrations of fetal maraviroc and short pharmacokinetic profile in infants suggest that a single maternal intrapartum dose of maraviroc would not be effective in reducing the risk of MTCT of HIV.
Criteria of Sustainable Interior Design based on the Green Pyramid Rating System.pdf
Creators: name: Konbr, Usama
name: Lebda, Ahmed
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 90701 Environmental Engineering Design
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering
subject: 90703 Environmental Technologies
subject: 120104 Architectural Science and Technology (incl. Acoustics, Lighting, Structure and Ecologically Sustainable Design)
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: 120101 Architectural Design
subject: FOS: Arts (arts, history of arts, performing arts, music)

description: The sustainable interior design approach applies ‎sustainable architecture ‎strategies and mechanisms that meet human requirements, physiological and psychological needs, ‎etc. It should come without ‎causing harm to the interior of the surrounding environment. Moreover, it ‎deals with spaces in an environmentally responsible manner‎. So, achieving ‎sustainability in the field of Interior design requires excellent ‎effort and multi-faceted to address environmental, social, and economic ‎problems. On the ‎Egyptian level, positive steps have been taken to guide the ‎‎construction industry toward a more sustainable path. The Green ‎Pyramid Rating System "GPRS" is a local assessment system founded supporting sustainability. It is a reference that sets the criteria for ‎‎the sustainability of buildings in Egypt. Analysis of this system shows that it does ‎not have a ‎particular category for interior design assessment. It includes the ‎points assessment method of all building categories through a combination of ‎determinants and elements. This system has been used to derive the criteria of ‎sustainable interior design by identifying the determinants and elements ‎inherent to it. It was found that the number of points of the criteria and the elements involved in sustainable interior design has exceeded 50% of the total number ‎of evaluation points in this system, which illustrates the importance of interior ‎design. The extraction of these criteria is considered a "nucleus" for creating an ‎independent rating system or a sub-category of the current ‎system of interior design evaluation. The commitment to apply these design criteria improves indoor' efficiency to enhance sustainability in the broader context.
Novel Arylimidamides for Treatment of Visceral Leishmaniasis
Creators: name: Mandal, S.
name: Wang, M. Z.
name: Zhu, X.
name: Parman, T.
name: Srivastava, A.
name: Liu, Q.
name: Sweat, J. M.
name: Hall, J. E.
name: Werbovetz, K. A.
name: Boykin, D. W.
name: Munde, M.
name: Kyle, D. E.
name: Wilson, W. D.
name: Stephens, C. E.
name: Tidwell, R. R.
name: Madhubala, R.
name: Pandharkar, T.
name: Riccio, E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Arylimidamides (AIAs) represent a new class of molecules that exhibit potent antileishmanial activity (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50], <1 μM) against both Leishmania donovani axenic amastigotes and intracellular Leishmania, the causative agent for human visceral leishmaniasis (VL). A systematic lead discovery program was employed to characterize in vitro and in vivo antileishmanial activities, pharmacokinetics, mutagenicities, and toxicities of two novel AIAs, DB745 and DB766. They were exceptionally active (IC50 ≤ 0.12 μM) against intracellular L. donovani, Leishmania amazonensis, and Leishmania major and did not exhibit mutagenicity in an Ames screen. DB745 and DB766, given orally, produced a dose-dependent inhibition of liver parasitemia in two efficacy models, L. donovani-infected mice and hamsters. Most notably, DB766 (100 mg/kg of body weight/day for 5 days) reduced liver parasitemia in mice and hamsters by 71% and 89%, respectively. Marked reduction of parasitemia in the spleen (79%) and bone marrow (92%) of hamsters was also observed. Furthermore, these compounds distributed to target tissues (liver and spleen) and had a moderate oral bioavailability (up to 25%), a large volume of distribution, and an elimination half-life ranging from 1 to 2 days in mice. In a repeat-dose toxicity study of mice, there was no indication of liver or kidney toxicity for DB766 from serum chemistries, although mild hepatic cell eosinophilia, hypertrophy, and fatty changes were noted. These results demonstrated that arylimidamides are a promising class of molecules that possess good antileishmanial activity and desirable pharmacokinetics and should be considered for further preclinical development as an oral treatment for VL.
A Physically Motivated and Empirically Calibrated Method to Measure the Effective Temperature, Metallicity, and Ti Abundance of M Dwarfs
Creators: name: Allard, F.
name: Brewer, J.M.
name: Veyette, M.J.
name: Muirhead, P.S.
name: Mann, A.W.
name: Homeier, D.
Publisher: name: Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 2017

description: The ability to perform detailed chemical analysis of Sun-like F-, G-, and K-type stars is a powerful tool with many applications, including studying the chemical evolution of the Galaxy and constraining planet formation theories. Unfortunately, complications in modeling cooler stellar atmospheres hinders similar analyses of M dwarf stars. Empirically calibrated methods to measure M dwarf metallicity from moderate-resolution spectra are currently limited to measuring overall metallicity and rely on astrophysical abundance correlations in stellar populations. We present a new, empirical calibration of synthetic M dwarf spectra that can be used to infer effective temperature, Fe abundance, and Ti abundance. We obtained high-resolution (R ∼ 25,000), Y-band (∼1 μm) spectra of 29 M dwarfs with NIRSPEC on Keck II. Using the PHOENIX stellar atmosphere modeling code (version 15.5), we generated a grid of synthetic spectra covering a range of temperatures, metallicities, and alpha-enhancements. From our observed and synthetic spectra, we measured the equivalent widths of multiple Fe i and Ti i lines and a temperature-sensitive index based on the FeH band head. We used abundances measured from widely separated solar-type companions to empirically calibrate transformations to the observed indices and equivalent widths that force agreement with the models. Our calibration achieves precisions in T eff, [Fe/H], and [Ti/Fe] of 60 K, 0.1 dex, and 0.05 dex, respectively, and is calibrated for 3200 K < T eff < 4100 K, -0.7 < [Fe/H] < +0.3, and -0.05 < [Ti/Fe] < +0.3. This work is a step toward detailed chemical analysis of M dwarfs at a precision similar to what has been achieved for FGK stars.
title: Corporate leadership in the Middle East: the impact of CEOs on firm performance
Creators: name: Abouzeeni, Ayman
Publisher: name: University of Reading
Year: 2023

description: The focus in the current thesis will be on identifying the impact that CEOs have on the performance of the publicly traded firms they lead. While much research on CEO impacts have been undertaken in the Western context, there is a dearth of research in the Middle Eastern context. Hence, this thesis explores the impact that CEOs have on corporate performance within this context, thus addressing an identified void in the literature. In particular, the countries of interest are the six member nations of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) namely, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. Data was collected on all publicly traded companies in the GCC from the period of 1997-2019, spanning 50 industries, 645 firms and 1,064 distinct CEOs, and 14,673 firm-year observations for subsequent analysis. This study relies on a variance decomposition method to assess the relative importance of the CEO. Specifically, it adopts the CEO-in-context methodology advanced by Hambrick and Quigley (2014) to investigate CEO effects, across companies and countries. This is the first study to extend this methodology into the GCC context, and therefore answers calls in the literature for work which considers non-Western contexts. Using the construct of managerial discretion (Crossland and Hambrick, 2011; Haj Youssef and Christodoulou, 2017) at the national and regional levels the results highlight the relationship between the level of managerial discretion and the impact, or effect, the CEO has on firm performance. These results therefore support theoretical positions in the extant literature, which are predominantly documented within a Western context. As such, this thesis makes a contribution to theory in underscoring the importance of managerial discretion, and the influence of national culture, in moderating the influence CEOs have on the performance of the companies they lead. The findings identify a range of cross�national differences in the CEO effect, with important implications for corporate performance.
Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling of the Association between 63396C->T Pregnane X Receptor Polymorphism and Unboosted Atazanavir Clearance
Creators: name: Chierakul, N.
name: Back, D. J.
name: McLeod, H. L.
name: Saguenwong, N.
name: Soriano, V.
name: Hoskins, J. M.
name: Schipani, A.
name: Khoo, S.
name: Chuchuttaworn, C.
name: Davies, G.
name: Cuenca, L.
name: Simiele, M.
name: Rodriguez Novoa, S.
name: D'Avolio, A.
name: Siccardi, M.
name: Baietto, L.
name: Dvorak, A. M.
name: Owen, A.
name: Di Perri, G.
name: Bonora, S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Atazanavir (ATV) plasma concentrations are influenced by CYP3A4 and ABCB1, which are regulated by the pregnane X receptor (PXR; NR1I2). PXR expression is correlated with CYP3A4 in liver in the absence of enzyme inducers. The PXR single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 63396C→T (rs2472677) alters PXR expression and CYP3A4 activity in vitro, and we previously showed an association of this polymorphism with unboosted ATV plasma concentrations. The aim of this study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic analysis to quantify the impact of 63396C→T and diurnal variation on ATV clearance. A population analysis was performed with 323 plasma samples from 182 randomly selected patients receiving unboosted ATV. Two hundred fifty-nine of the blood samples were collected at random time points, and 11 patients had a full concentration-time profile at steady state. Nonlinear mixed effects modeling was applied to explore the effects of PXR 63396C→T, patient demographics, and diurnal variation. A one-compartment model with first-order absorption and lag time best described the data. Population clearance was 19.7 liters/h with interpatient variability or coefficient of variation (CV) of 21.5%. Homozygosity for the T allele for PXR 63396 was associated with a 17.0% higher clearance that was statistically significant. Evening dosing was associated with 34% higher bioavailability than morning dosing. Patient demographic factors had no effect on ATV clearance. These data show an association of PXR 63396C→T and diurnal variation on unboosted ATV clearance. The association is likely to be mediated through an effect on hepatic PXR expression and therefore expression of its target genes (e.g., CYP3A4, SLCO1B1, and ABCB1), which are known to be involved in ATV clearance.
The Fractality of Sentiment Arcs for Literary Quality Assessment: the Case of Nobel Laureates
Creators: name: Bizzoni, Yuri
name: Moreira, Pascale
name: Thomsen, Mads Rosendahl
name: Nielbo, Kristoffer L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: computational narratology; sentiment analysis; fractal analysis; literary quality assessment; stylometry

description: In the few works that have used NLP to study literary quality, sentiment and emotion analysis have often been considered valuable sources of information. At the same time, the idea that the nature and polarity of the sentiments expressed by a novel might have something to do with its perceived quality seems limited at best. In this paper, we argue that the fractality of narratives, specifically the longterm memory of their sentiment arcs, rather than their simple shape or average valence, might play an important role in the perception of literary quality by a human audience. In particular, we argue that such measure can help distinguish Nobel-winning writers from control groups in a recent corpus of English language novels. To test this hypothesis, we present the results from two studies: (i) a probability distribution test, where we compute the probability of seeing a title from a Nobel laureate at different levels of arc fractality; (ii) a classification test, where we use several machine learning algorithms to measure the predictive power of both sentiment arcs and their fractality measure. Lastly, we perform another experiment to examine whether arc fractality may be used to distinguish more or less popular works within the Nobel canon itself, looking at the probability of higher GoodReads’ ratings at different levels of arc fractality. Our findings seem to indicate that despite the competitive and complex nature of the task, the populations of Nobel and non-Nobel laureates seem to behave differently and can to some extent be told apart by a classifier. Moreover, the probability of Nobel titles having better ratings appears higher at different levels of arc fractality.