cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Probing of the Interactions Between the Hot Plasmas and Galaxies in Clusters from z=0.1 to 0.9
Creators: name: Gu, Liyi
name: Gandhi, Poshak
name: Inada, Naohisa
name: Kawaharada, Madoka
name: Kodama, Tadayuki
name: Konami, Saori
name: Nakazawa, Kazuhiro
name: Shimasaku, Kazuhiro
name: Xu, Haiguang
name: Makishima, Kazuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on optical and X-ray data for a sample of 34 relaxed rich clusters of galaxies with redshifts of 0.1-0.9, we studied relative spatial distributions of the two major baryon contents, the cluster galaxies and the hot plasmas. Using multi-band photometric data taken with the UH88 telescope, we determined the integrated (two dimensional) radial light profiles of member galaxies in each cluster using two independent approaches, i.e., the background subtraction and the color-magnitude filtering. The ICM mass profile of each cluster in our sample, also integrated in two dimensions, was derived from a spatially-resolved spectral analysis using XMM-Newton and Chandra data. Then, the radially-integrated light profile of each cluster was divided by its ICM mass profile, to obtain a profile of "galaxy light vs. ICM mass ratio". The ratio profiles over the central 0.65 R500 regions were found to steepen from the higher- to lower- redshift subsamples, meaning that the galaxies become more concentrated in the ICM sphere towards lower redshifts. The evolution is also seen in galaxy number vs. ICM mass ratio profiles. A range of systematic uncertainties in the galaxy light measurements, as well as many radius-/redshift- dependent biases to the galaxy vs. ICM profiles have been assessed, but none of them is significant against the observed evolution. Besides, the galaxy light vs. total mass ratio profiles also exhibit gradual concentration towards lower redshift. We interpret in the context that the galaxies, the ICM, and the dark matter components followed a similar spatial distribution in the early phase (z>0.5), while the galaxies have fallen towards the center relative to the others at a later phase.
description: 67 pages, 27 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Canonical ordering for graphs on the cylinder, with applications to periodic straight-line drawings on the flat cyclinder and torus
Creators: name: Castelli Aleardi, Luca
name: Devillers, Olivier
name: Fusy, Eric
Publisher: name: Journal of Computational Geometry
Year: 2018

description: We extend the notion of canonical ordering (initially developed for planar triangulations and 3-connected planar maps) to cylindric (essentially simple) triangulations and more generally to cylindric (essentially internally) $3$-connected maps. This allows us to extend the incremental straight-line drawing algorithm of de Fraysseix, Pach and Pollack (in the triangulated case) and of Kant (in the $3$-connected case) to this setting. Precisely, for any cylindric essentially internally $3$-connected map $G$ with $n$ vertices, we can obtain in linear time a periodic (in $x$) straight-line drawing of $G$ that is crossing-free and internally (weakly) convex, on a regular grid $\mathbb{Z}/w\mathbb{Z}\times[0..h]$, with $w\leq 2n$ and $h\leq n(2d+1)$, where $d$ is the face-distance between the two boundaries. This also yields an efficient periodic drawing algorithm for graphs on the torus. Precisely, for any essentially $3$-connected map $G$ on the torus (i.e., $3$-connected in the periodic representation) with $n$ vertices, we can compute in linear time a periodic straight-line drawing of $G$ that is crossing-free and (weakly) convex, on a periodic regular grid $\mathbb{Z}/w\mathbb{Z}\times\mathbb{Z}/h\mathbb{Z}$, with $w\leq 2n$ and $h\leq 1+2n(c+1)$, where $c$ is the face-width of $G$. Since $c\leq\sqrt{2n}$, the grid area is $O(n^{5/2})$.
description: Journal of Computational Geometry, Vol. 9 No. 1 (2018)
title: Цифровой биометрический комплекс оценки функционального состояния пилота воздушного судна
Creators: name: ., Д.С. Коптев – аспирант, преподаватель, кафедра космического приборостроения и систем связи, Юго-Западный государственный университет (г. Курск) E-mail: d.s.koptev@mail.ru И.Е. Мухин – д.т.н., профессор, ст. науч. сотрудник, кафедра космического приборостроения и систем связи, Юго-Западный государственный университет (г. Курск) E-mail: ramonkursk@yandex.ru И.Г. Бабанин – ст. преподаватель, кафедра космического приборостроения и систем связи, Юго-Западный государственный университет (г. Курск) E-mail: babanin_ivan@bk.ru
Publisher: name: Издательство Радиотехника
Year: 2019

description: Постановка проблемы. В течение последнего десятилетия международная организация гражданской авиации (ИКАО) активно занималась разработкой и последующей реализацией новых высокоэффективных методик для решения задач по обеспечению безопасности полетов воздушных судов. Одним из передовых направлений деятельности организации стала работа по осуществлению мониторинга функционального состояния пилота в режиме полета, как наиболее слабого звена в биотехнической системе эргатического типа «пилот – воздушное судно – окружающая среда».
Разработка средств контроля физиологических параметров пилота в процессе полета, с помощью которых производится регистрация физиологических характеристик пилота, а затем их апостериорная обработка для определения воздействия полетных нагрузок и механизмов самолета на организм пилота, является весьма актуальной задачей в рамках концепции ИКАО.
Цель – разработка структурно-функциональной модели цифрового биометрического комплекса для оценки функционального состояния пилота воздушного судна.
Приведены структурно-функциональные схемы и охарактеризованы принципы работы пульсоксиметрического модуля, осуществляющего съем первичной физиологической информации, блока обработки физиологических параметров пилота и блока сбора данных.
Рассмотрено влияние на состояние организма пилота перегрузок и рабочей нагрузки по управлению самолетом, особенностью которой является синхронизация снятых физиологических параметров со значениями давления и ускорения (перегрузок), действующих на пилота в процессе полета.
Результаты. Разработана структурно-функциональная модель цифрового биометрического комплекса оценки функционального состояния пилота воздушного судна и описаны принципы ее работы. Особенностью предлагаемого комплекса является синхронизация снятых физиологических параметров со значениями давления и ускорения (перегрузок), испытываемых пилотом в процессе полета.
Практическая значимость. Реализация подобного комплекса позволит проводить послеполетный анализ динамики изменения функционального состояния оператора в зависимости от внешних действующих факторов и разрабатывать индивидуальные медицинские рекомендации по улучшению переносимости полетных нагрузок.
A stability theorem on cube tessellations
Creators: name: Pach, János
name: Frankl, Peter
Publisher: name: Journal of Computational Geometry
Year: 2018

description: It is shown that if a $d$-dimensional cube is decomposed into $n$ cubes, the side lengths of which belong to the interval $(1 − \frac{n}{1/d 1 +1} , 1]$, then $n$ is a perfect $d$-th power and all cubes are of the same size. This result is essentially tight.
description: Journal of Computational Geometry, Vol. 9 No. 1 (2018)
Developmental signaling pathways in adult energy homeostasis
Creators: name: Antonellis, Patrick
Publisher: name: IUPUI ScholarWorks
Year: 2021
Subjects: Obesity
Hypothalamus
Cilia
Energy homeostasis
FGF19

description: Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
description: Many signaling pathways which are classically understood for their roles in early development are also known to be involved in tissue maintenance and adult energy homeostasis. Furthermore, dysfunction of these signaling pathways results in human diseases such as cancer. An in depth understanding of how developmentally important signaling pathways function in the adult will provide mechanistic insights into disease and potential new therapeutic targets. Here in Chapter 1, the Wnt, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathways are discussed and examples of their relevance in development, adult homeostasis, and disease are provided. Wnt signaling provides an example of this concept as it has well described roles during both development and adult metabolism. Work included in Chapter 2, investigates the regulation of adult energy homeostasis by a member of the endocrine FGF family, FGF19. The three endocrine FGFs, FGF19 (FGF15 in mice), FGF21, and FGF23 have well described roles in the regulation of metabolic processes in adults. While FGF23 is primarily involved in the regulation of phosphate and vitamin D homeostasis, FGF19 and FGF21 have shown similar pharmacological effects on whole body metabolism. Here, the importance of adaptive thermogenesis for the pharmacological action of FGF19 is explored. Using UCP1KO animals we show that whole-body thermogenesis is dispensable for body weight loss following FGF19 treatment. Finally, the potential involvement of Hh signaling in mediating the hyperphagia driven obesity observed in certain ciliopathies is explored in Chapter 3. Emerging evidence suggests cilia play an important role in the regulation of feeding behavior. In mammals, the hedgehog pathway is dependent on the primary cilium as an organizing center and defects in hedgehog signaling share some clinical symptoms of ciliopathies. Here, we characterized the expression of core pathway components in the adult hypothalamus. We show that neurons within specific nuclei important for regulation of feeding behavior express Hh ligand and members of its signaling pathway. We also demonstrate that the Hh pathway is transcriptionally upregulated in response to an overnight fast. This work provides an important foundation for understanding the functional role of Hh signaling in regulation of energy homeostasis. In its entirety, this work highlights the emerging clinical relevance of developmentally critical pathways in diseases associated with dysfunction of adult tissue homeostasis, such as obesity.
title: Исследование метода контроля ультразвуковой кавитации при обработке биотканей
Creators: name: ., С.П. Скворцов – к.т.н., доцент, кафедра «Биомедицинские технические системы», МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана П.Д. Юркевич – бакалавр, кафедра «Биомедицинские технические системы», МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана Д.А. Соловьёв – зав. лабораторий, кафедра «Медико-технический менеджмент», МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана
Publisher: name: Издательство Радиотехника
Year: 2019

description: Постановка проблемы. Методы лечебного воздействия на биологические ткани при помощи низкочастотного ультразвука в хирургии и терапии основан на сочетанном действии лекарственных веществ и энергии низкочастотных ультразвуковых колебаний. Основным явлением, определяющим эффективность сочетанного действия ультразвука и лекарственного вещества, является кавитация. Одним из путей повышения эффективности методов ультразвуковой обработки является введение в биотехническую систему обратной связи, построенной на определении параметров кавитационной области в процессе воздействия. Большинство методов контроля параметров кавитации трудно реализуемы в условиях медицинского применения ультразвука, поэтому необходима разработка метода, позволяющего определять параметры пульсаций кавитационных пузырьков в реальном масштабе времени и использовать их для поддержания режима максимальной эффективности кавитации.
Цель – исследование возможности использования метода оптического зондирования кавитационной области для под-держания максимальной эффективности кавитации.
Результаты. Выполнено численное моделирование коэффициента светопропускания кавитационной области на основе при-ближения Тверского теории многократного светорассеяния. При расчетах использована типовая ширина диаграммы направленности фотоприемника 10 град. Спектр сигнала фотоприемника содержит основную частоту, определяемую временем жизни пузырьков, которое, в свою очередь, определяет амплитуду ударной волны и степень выраженности эффектов кавитации.
Экспериментальные исследования проводились для нахождения максимума эффективности кавитации в зависимости от амплитуды колебаний ультразвукового излучателя. Эффективность кавитации оценивалась по эрозии алюминиевой фольги. Полученные данные сопоставлялись с рассчитанными зависимостями субгармоник оптического сигнала от амплитуды ультразвукового инструмента.
Показано, что максимуму скорости разрушения фольги соответствует спадающий участок зависимости амплитуды субгар-моники сигнала фотоприемника на частоте 1/2 от частоты ультразвука и нарастающий участок на зависимости амплитуды субгармоники на частоте 1/3 от частоты ультразвука, где обе зависимости минимальны.
Практическая значимость. В результате проведенных исследований определен критерий нахождения максимальной эффективности кавитации на основе регистрации и анализа рассеянного оптического сигнала, позволяющий реализовать автоматическую подстройку амплитуды колебаний излучателя.
Полученный критерий может применяться в ультразвуковых аппаратах для хирургии и терапии.
Thickness and antithickness of graphs
Creators: name: Dujmović, Vida
name: Wood, David R.
Publisher: name: Journal of Computational Geometry
Year: 2018

description: This paper studies questions about duality between crossings and non-crossings in graph drawings via the notions of thickness and antithickness. The thickness of a graph $G$ is the minimum integer $k$ such that in some drawing of $G$, the edges can be partitioned into $k$ noncrossing subgraphs. The antithickness of a graph $G$ is the minimum integer $k$ such that in some drawing of $G$, the edges can be partitioned into $k$ thrackles, where a thrackle is a set of edges, each pair of which intersect exactly once. So thickness is a measure of how close a graph is to being planar, whereas antithickness is a measure of how close a graph is to being a thrackle. This paper explores the relationship between the thickness and antithickness of a graph, under various graph drawing models, with an emphasis on extremal questions.
description: Journal of Computational Geometry, Vol. 9 No. 1 (2018)
Heat exchange for oscillator strongly coupled to thermal bath
Creators: name: Plyukhin, Alex V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The heat exchange fluctuation theorem (XFT) by Jarzynski and Wójcik [Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 230602 (2004)] addresses the setting where two systems with different temperatures are brought in thermal contact at time $t=0$ and then disconnected at later time $τ$. The theorem asserts that the probability of an anomalous heat flux (from cold to hot), while nonzero, is exponentially smaller than the probability of the corresponding normal flux (from hot to cold). As a result, the average heat flux is always normal. In that way, the theorem demonstrates how irreversible heat transfer, observed on the macroscopic scale, emerges from the underlying reversible dynamics. The XFT was proved under the assumption that the coupling work required to connect and then disconnect the systems is small compared to the change of the internal energies of the systems. That condition is often valid for macroscopic systems, but may be violated for microscopic ones. We examine the validity of the XFT's assumption for a specific model of the Caldeira-Leggett type, where one system is a classical harmonic oscillator and the other is a thermal bath comprised of a large number of oscillators. The coupling between the system and the bath, which is bilinear, is instantaneously turned on at $t=0$ and off at $t=τ$. For that model, we found that the assumption of the XFT can be satisfied only for a rather restricted range of parameters. In general, the work involved in the process is not negligible and the energy exchange may be anomalous in the sense that the internal energy of the system, which is initially hotter than the bath, may further increase.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures
Two-time free energy distribution function in (1+1) directed polymers
Creators: name: Dotsenko, Victor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The explicit expression for the two-time free energy distribution function in one-dimensional directed polymers in random potential is derived in terms of the Bethe ansatz replica technique by mapping the replicated problem to the $N$-particle quantum boson system with attractive interactions.
description: 16 pages, 2 figures
1000例样本的携带者筛查数据
Creators: name: 谭建新(TANJIANXIN)
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2021
Subjects: Variation
Monoisolate
Medical

description: 1000例正常人外周血样本，采用Ion Proton测序方法检测GJB2，SLC26A4, MT-RNR1, SLC26A4, PAH, HBA, MMACHC, MUT, PTS, HBB基因变异情况。
title: Алгоритмы распознавания органов на изображениях мультиспиральной компьютерной томографии
Creators: name: ., В.И. Солодовников – к.т.н., директор, Центр информационных технологий в проектировании РАН (г. Одинцово, Моск. обл.) E-mail: info@ditc.ras.ru П.В. Бочкарев – мл. науч. сотрудник, Центр информационных технологий в проектировании РАН (г. Одинцово, Моск. обл.) E-mail: info@ditc.ras.ru А.А. Кузьмицкий – д.т.н., профессор, гл. науч. сотрудник, Центр информационных технологий в проектировании РАН (г. Одинцово, Моск. обл.) E-mail: info@ditc.ras.ru А.И. Газов – инженер-исследователь, Центр информационных технологий в проектировании РАН (г. Одинцово, Моск. обл.) E-mail: info@ditc.ras.ru В.С. Панищев – к.т.н., ст.науч. сотрудник, Центр информационных технологий в проектировании РАН (г. Одинцово, Моск. обл.) E-mail: info@ditc.ras.ru  Е.С. Cирота – д.м.н., вед. науч. сотрудник, Центр информационных технологий в проектировании РАН (г. Одинцово, Моск. обл.); Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет) E-mail: info@ditc.ras.ru
Publisher: name: Издательство Радиотехника
Year: 2019

description: Постановка проблемы. Рассмотрены актуальные проблемы компьютерного зрения в медицине. Технологии распознавания объектов достигли существенных результатов, однако они продолжают совершенствоваться. Различные алгоритмы и библиотеки выбираются под определенные задачи, вследствие чего трудно определить, какой из алгоритмов определения образа из графического изображения или последовательности изображений является наиболее эффективным. Представлен алгоритм распознавания органов на изображениях мультиспиральной компьютерной томографии.
Цель – разработать и реализовать алгоритм распознавания органов на изображениях мультиспиральной компьютерной томографии с возможностью выделения органа как отдельного объекта.
Результаты. Разработан и реализован алгоритм распознавания почек пациентов, а также применены математические методы по устранению ошибок при поиске контуров объектов изображений.
Практическая значимость. Разработанный алгоритм имеет возможность адаптироваться под различные задачи, а также возможность проведения на найденных объектах более глубокого исследование органов.
title: Применение цифровых технологий для персонифицированных рекомендаций по лечению сердечной недостаточности
Creators: name: ., Д.Ш. Газизова – д.м.н., академик Академии медико-технических наук РФ, гл. науч. сотрудник, лаборатория математического моделирования и мониторинга, ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр сердечно-сосудистой хирургии им. А.Н. Бакулева Министерства здравоохранения РФ» (Москва) E-mail: dgazizova@yandex.ru Л.В. Сазыкина – к.б.н., вед. науч. сотрудник, лаборатория математического моделирования и мониторинга, ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр сердечно-сосудистой хирургии им. А.Н. Бакулева Министерства здравоохранения РФ» (Москва) E-mail: sazykinalida@yandex.ru С.Н. Маковеев – директор ТОГБУ «Компьютерный центр» (г. Тамбов)  E-mail: portal68edu@mail.ru И. Кофранек – профессор, Лаборатория биокибернетики, Институт патофизиологии, Карлов Университет (Прага, Чехия)  E-mail: kofranek@gmail.com Б.И. Леонов – д.т.н., профессор, президент Академии медико-технических наук РФ, ген. директор ОАО НПО «Экран» (Москва)
Publisher: name: Издательство Радиотехника
Year: 2019

description: Постановка проблемы. Сложные комбинаторные расстройства сердечно-сосудистой системы требуют индивидуального подхода к диагностике и выбору терапии. Протоколы и рекомендации по диагностике и лечению сердечной недостаточности, выработанные научными кардиологическими сообществами, опираются на статистическое обобщение больших данных и не обеспечивают такой подход.
Цель – разработка технологии индивидуальной терапии, позволяющей объединить общебиологические знания, клинический опыт и синтезировать лучшее лечение, индивидуальное для каждого больного.
Результаты. Разработана цифровая технология, основанная на аналитических и цифровых моделях и методах. Технология объединяет знания специалистов по лечению сердечной недостаточности со знаниями, методиками, математическими моделями, алгоритмами, реализованными цифровыми средствами, обеспечивающими персонифицированный подход к диагностике и выбору лечения. Приведены теоретические положения и описана реализация цифровой технологии для формирования персонализированных рекомендаций.
Практическая значимость. Применение цифровых технологий в течение 40 лет показало эффективность индивидуальной терапии.
A Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis Limit on the Neutral Fermion Decays into Neutrinos
Creators: name: Kusakabe, Motohiko
name: Balantekin, A. B.
name: Kajino, Toshitaka
name: Pehlivan, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the primordial helium abundance, an upper limit to the magnetic moments for Dirac neutrinos had been provided by imposing restrictions on the number of the additional helicity states. Considering non-thermal photons produced in the decay of the heavy sterile mass eigenstates due to the neutrino magnetic moment, we explore the constraints imposed by the observed abundances of all the light elements produced during the Big Bang nucleosynthesis.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, minor corrections added, accepted for publication in PRD
Placing your coins on a shelf
Creators: name: Alt, Helmut
name: Buchin, Kevin
name: Chaplick, Steven
name: Cheong, Otfried
name: Kindermann, Philipp
name: Knauer, Christian
name: Stehn, Fabian
Publisher: name: Journal of Computational Geometry
Year: 2018

description: We consider the problem of packing a family of disks ``on a shelf,'' that is, such that each disk touches the x-axis from above and such that no two disks overlap. We study the problem of minimizing the distance between the leftmost point and the rightmost point of any disk in such a packing. We show how to approximate this problem within a factor of 4/3 in O(n log n) time. We further provide an O(n log n)-time exact algorithm for a special case which includes inputs where the ratio between the largest radius and the smallest radius is less than four. On the negative side, we prove that the problem is NP-hard even when the ratio between the largest radius and the smallest radius is at most 36.
description: Journal of Computational Geometry, Vol. 9 No. 1 (2018)
Electrochemical Characterization of Fentanyl for Forensic Analysis
Creators: name: Sellnau, Natalie
Publisher: name: IUPUI ScholarWorks
Year: 2021
Subjects: fentanyl
electrochemistry
forensic chemistry

description: Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
description: The use and abuse of fentanyl has risen drastically over the last several decades. The abuse of this substance has created a hazardous situation for law enforcement and first responders because they could arrive at locations and not necessarily know that they will encounter fentanyl or a fentanyl analog. Fentanyl analogs are substances that have a similar structure to fentanyl, and while the analogs may have additional or altered groups on the molecule, the backbone structure remains similar. This work focus on the electrochemical characterization of fentanyl as a stepping stone for the detection of both fentanyl and later fentanyl analogs by electrochemistry. The metabolic reaction of fentanyl is an N-dealkylation to norfentanyl, occurring in the liver, and can be mimicked by electrochemistry through the irreversible oxidation of fentanyl. This electrochemical reaction is hypothesized to generate electroactive metabolites in solution. The combination of the visualization of both the irreversible oxidation with the development of the additional metabolic electrochemical peaks would constitute a unique electrochemical signature for fentanyl and fentanyl analogs towards a universal rapid screening assay. The electrochemical behavior of fentanyl was characterized in depth using multiple electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The optimization of the supporting electrolyte, the potential range, and methods to decrease the background current were explored with CV. To work towards a more portable system, screen printed electrodes were used. The observation of the metabolic peaks remained challenging, and different methods were attempted to achieve it. The quantification of fentanyl was successfully demonstrated using the different electrochemical systems proposed in this work. The electrochemical characterization of fentanyl and the optimization of multiple experimental parameters were the first step in developing a universal, rapid, electrochemical sensing method for the detection of fentanyl and fentanyl analogs.
Optomechanical back-action evading measurement without parametric instability
Creators: name: Steinke, Steven K.
name: Schwab, K. C.
name: Meystre, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review a scheme for performing a back-action evading measurement of one mechanical quadrature in an optomechanical setup. The experimental application of this scheme has been limited by parametric instabilities caused in general by a slight dependence of the mechanical frequency on the electromagnetic energy in the cavity. We find that a simple modification to the optical drive can effectively eliminate the parametric instability even at high intracavity power, allowing realistic devices to achieve sub-zero-point uncertainties in the measured quadrature.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure, accepted by Phys Rev A
Applications of Chebyshev polynomials to low-dimensional computational geometry
Creators: name: Chan, Timothy M.
Publisher: name: Journal of Computational Geometry
Year: 2018

description: We apply the polynomial method—specifically, Chebyshev polynomials—to obtain a number of new results on geometric approximation algorithms in low constant dimensions. For example, we give an algorithm for constructing $\varepsilon$-kernels (coresets for approximate width and approximate convex hull) for any $d$-dimensional $n$-point set in near-optimal time, close to $O(n+(1/\varepsilon)^{(d-1)/2})$, ignoring a small $(1/\varepsilon)^{3/2+o(1)}$ factor. We obtain an improved data structure for Euclidean approximate nearest neighbor search with close to $O(n\log n + (1/\varepsilon)^{d/4}n)$ preprocessing time and $O((1/\varepsilon)^{d/4}\log n)$ query time. We obtain improved approximation algorithms for discrete Voronoi diagrams, diameter, and bichromatic closest pair in the $L_s$-metric for any even integer constant $s\ge 2$. The techniques are general and may have further applications.
description: Journal of Computational Geometry, Vol. 9 No. 2 (2018): Special Issue of Selected Papers from SoCG 2017
Intraoperative confocal laser endomicroscopy for brain tumors - potential and challenges from a neuropathological perspective
Creators: name: Maragkou, Theoni
name: Quint, Karl
name: Pollo, Bianca
name: Hewer, Ekkehard
Publisher: name: Free Neuropathology
Year: 2022
Subjects: Confocal laser endomicrosopy
Intraoperative consultation
Digital biopsies
Brain tumors
Resection margin
In vivo microscopy

description: Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) represents a new non-invasive in vivo imaging technique that holds considerable promise in neurosurgery and neuropathology. CLE is based on the principle of optical sectioning which uses pinholes placed in the light path to selectively image photons of a specific focal plane by filtering out photons above and below the focal plane. Potential indications of CLE in neurosurgery and neuropathology include intraoperative tumor diagnosis and staging as well as assessment of tumor resection margins notably in the case of diffusely infiltrating gliomas. CLE-based tumor analysis in near-real time may also have a significant impact on future tumor resection strategies. We here discuss the technical features of CLE, its potential for wide-field imaging, its role in comparison to established histological techniques for intraoperative tumor assessment and its position in digital pathology and telepathology. Based on our group’s experience with a commercially available confocal laser endomicroscope (ZEISS CONVIVO), we critically address the current state of intraoperative CLE in brain tumor surgery, the applicability of classical histological criteria and the strategies required to further improve the diagnostic accuracy of CLE. We finally discuss how a widespread use of CLE in neurosurgery may modify the role of neuropathologists in intraoperative consultation, generating both new opportunities and new challenges.
description: Free Neuropathology, Vol. 3 (2022)
Duality constrained meta atoms for transformation optics
Creators: name: Fernandez-Corbaton, Ivan
name: Molina-Terriza, Gabriel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Maxwell's equations in curved space-time are invariant under electromagnetic duality transformations. We exploit this property to constraint the design parameters of metamaterials used for transformations optics. We show that a general transformation must be implemented using a dual-symmetric metamaterial. This can be accomplished constraining the polarisability tensors of their individual constituents, i.e. the meta atoms. We obtain explicit expressions for these constraints. We also show that the spatial part of the coordinate transformation depends only on the electric-electric tensorial coupling of the polarisability tensor, while the spatio-temporal part depends only on the electric-magnetic tensorial coupling. In our derivations, we find that two dipoles located at the same point, one electric (p) and one magnetic (m), are needed to produce a total field with well defined helicity equal to +1 or -1, and that they must be related as p=im/c or p=-im/c, respectively.
Study of Connectivity Probability in Vanets by a Two-Dimensional Platoon-Based Model
Creators: name: Liu, Donglin
Publisher: name: IUPUI ScholarWorks
Year: 2021
Subjects: Vehicular ad hoc networks
Platooning
Connectivity probability

description: Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
description: With the fast development of 5G networks and the advancement in networking technologies, more and more new technologies such as internet of vehicles (IoV) is catching our eyes. With technologies of artificial intelligence and automatic control, IoV is transformed into an intelligent transportation system (ITS). The object of this thesis is to analyze the connectivity probability issues in vehicle ad hoc networks (VANETs), which is a subset of ITS. This will be achieved by a platoon-based two dimensional model. In order to make the results more accurate and more close to real scenario, different situations will be analyzed separately, and different types of platoon will be included. In addition, other system parameters are also discussed and stimulated. The results show that many parameters like the increases of traffic density, ratio of platoon, and lane numbers will improve connectivity probability. No-leader based platoons are easier to connect to the base stations compared to leader based platoons.
Soft singularity crossing and transformation of matter properties
Creators: name: Keresztes, Zoltán
name: Gergely, László Á.
name: Kamenshchik, Alexander Yu.
name: Gorini, Vittorio
name: Polarski, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate particular cosmological models, based either on tachyon fields or on perfect fluids, for which soft future singularities arise in a natural way. Our main result is the description of a smooth crossing of the soft singularity in models with an anti-Chaplygin gas or with a particular tachyon field in the presence of dust. Such a crossing is made possible by certain transformations of matter properties. Some of these cosmological evolutions involving tachyons are compatible with SNIa data. We compute numerically their dynamics involving a first soft singularity crossing, a turning point and a second soft singulatity crossing during recollapse, ending in a Big Crunch singularity.
description: published version, 13 pages, 2 figure panels, new subsection III.D added
Drawing planar graphs with prescribed face areas
Creators: name: Kleist, Linda
Publisher: name: Journal of Computational Geometry
Year: 2018

description: We study drawings of planar graphs where every inner face has a prescribed area. A plane graph is 'area-universal' if for every area assignment on the inner faces, there exists a straight-line drawing realizing the assigned areas. The only non-area-universal graph known so far is the octahedron graph. We give a simple counting argument that allows to prove non-area-universality for a large class of triangulations, namely Eulerian triangulations. Adding some geometric arguments, the concept allows to prove non-area universality for other graphs including the icosahedron. Relaxing the straight-line property by allowing the edges to bend, we show that one bend per edge is sufficient to realize any face area assignment of every plane graph. For plane bipartite graphs, it even suffices that half of the edges have a bend.
description: Journal of Computational Geometry, Vol. 9 No. 1 (2018)
Geology of Bluff Cove
Creators: name: Kupfer, Donald Harry
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1940
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Bluff Cove is situated on the west side of the San Pedro Hills and lies about twenty miles south-west of Los Angeles. The area mapped includes Flat Rock Point to the north of Bluff Cove and Rocky Point to the south, a distance of about two and one-half miles (pl. 1). Only the sea cliffs were mapped, the hope being that from these cliffs the inland structures could be extrapolated.

I am indebted to Mr. D.J. Varnes, who worked with me constantly both in the field and in the office, and offered many valuable suggestions; and to my instructor, Dr. F.D. Bode.

The map is of the north half of the area. It is a hand drawn enlargement (x4) taken from the 1932 reprint of 1928 edition of the U.S.G.S. topographic map of the San Pedro Hills Quadrangle. The Geologic mapping was done by Brunton compass in 1939-40.

The topography of the area is one of rolling hills sloping to the ocean. The present sea cliffs, to which the mapping was confined, average about 150 feet high and afford good exposures. However, the lower parts of the cliffs are usually masked by landsliding.
Topological drawings of complete bipartite graphs
Creators: name: Cardinal, Jean
name: Felsner, Stefan
Publisher: name: Journal of Computational Geometry
Year: 2018

description: Topological drawings are natural representations of graphs in the plane, where vertices are represented by points, and edges by curves connecting the points. Topological drawings of complete graphs and of complete bipartite graphs have been studied extensively in the context of crossing number problems. We consider a natural class of simple topological drawings of {\em complete bipartite} graphs, in which we require that one side of the vertex set bipartition lies on the outer boundary of the drawing. We investigate the combinatorics of such drawings. For this purpose, we define combinatorial encodings of the drawings by enumerating the distinct drawings of subgraphs isomorphic to $K_{2,2}$ and $K_{3,2}$, and investigate the constraints they must satisfy. We prove that a drawing of $K_{k,n}$ exists if and only if some simple local conditions are satisfied by the encodings. This directly yields a polynomial-time algorithm for deciding the existence of such a drawing given the encoding. We show the encoding is equivalent to specifying which pairs of edges cross, yielding a similar polynomial-time algorithm for the realizability of abstract topological graphs. We also completely characterize and enumerate such drawings of $K_{k,n}$ in which the order of the edges around each vertex is the same for vertices on the same side of the bipartition. Finally, we investigate drawings of $K_{k,n}$ using straight lines and pseudolines, and consider the complexity of the corresponding realizability problems.
description: Journal of Computational Geometry, Vol. 9 No. 1 (2018)
Submillimeter Quasi-Periodic Oscillations in Magnetically Choked Accretion Flows Models of Sgr A*
Creators: name: Shcherbakov, Roman V.
name: McKinney, Jonathan C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) appear in general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations of magnetically choked accretion flows around rapidly rotating black holes (BHs). We perform polarized radiative transfer calculations with ASTRORAY code to explore the manifestations of these QPOs for SgrA*. We construct a simulation-based model of a radiatively inefficient accretion flow and find model parameters by fitting the mean polarized source spectrum. The simulated QPOs have a total sub-mm flux amplitude up to 5% and a linearly polarized flux amplitude up to 2%. The oscillations reach high levels of significance 10-30σand high quality factors Q~5. The oscillation period T~100M~35min corresponds to the rotation period of the BH magnetosphere that produces a trailing spiral in resolved disk images. The total flux signal is significant over noise for all tested frequencies 87GHz, 230GHz, and 857GHz and inclination angles 10deg, 37deg, and 80deg. The non-detection in the 230GHz Sub-Millimeter Array light curve is consistent with a low signal level and a low sampling rate. The presence of sub-mm QPOs in SgrA* will be better tested with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, accepted to ApJ Letters, a movie of QPOs can be found at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NIMOFCtQDxQ
Self-consistent GW: All-electron implementation with localized basis functions
Creators: name: Caruso, Fabio
name: Rinke, Patrick
name: Ren, Xinguo
name: Rubio, Angel
name: Scheffler, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper describes an all-electron implementation of the self-consistent GW (sc-GW) approach -- i.e. based on the solution of the Dyson equation -- in an all-electron numeric atom-centered orbital (NAO) basis set. We cast Hedin's equations into a matrix form that is suitable for numerical calculations by means of i) the resolution of identity technique to handle 4-center integrals; and ii) a basis representation for the imaginary-frequency dependence of dynamical operators. In contrast to perturbative G0W0, sc-GW provides a consistent framework for ground- and excited-state properties and facilitates an unbiased assessment of the GW approximation. For excited-states, we benchmark sc-GW for five molecules relevant for organic photovoltaic applications: thiophene, benzothiazole, 1,2,5-thiadiazole, naphthalene, and tetrathiafulvalene. At self-consistency, the quasi-particle energies are found to be in good agreement with experiment and, on average, more accurate than G0W0 based on Hartree-Fock (HF) or density-functional theory with the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) exchange-correlation functional. Based on the Galitskii-Migdal total energy, structural properties are investigated for a set of diatomic molecules. For binding energies, bond lengths, and vibrational frequencies sc-GW and G0W0 achieve a comparable performance, which is, however, not as good as that of exact-exchange plus correlation in the random-phase approximation (EX+cRPA) and its advancement to renormalized second-order perturbation theory (rPT2). Finally, the improved description of dipole moments for a small set of diatomic molecules demonstrates the quality of the sc-GW ground state density.
description: 18 pages, 13 figures
Shadows and accretion disk images of charged rotating black hole in modified gravity theory
Creators: name: Zheng, He-Bin
name: Wu, Meng-Qi
name: Li, Guo-Ping
name: Jiang, Qing-Quan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we study the shadow and images of the accretion disk of Kerr-Newman (KN) black hole (BH) in modified gravity (MOG) theory by using backward ray-tracing method. And, the influence of spin parameter ($a$), charge ($Q$), and MOG parameter ($α$) on the observed features of BHs are carefully addressed. Interestingly, as $α$ increases, the flat edge of the BH's shadow gradually becomes more rounded, the size of shadow enlarges, and the deviation rate ($δs$) correspondingly decreases. By tracing the photon around BH, we observe that the trajectory of photon exhibits distortion behavior, i.e., the formation of two "tails" near the Einstein ring, which elongate as $a$ increases. For the accretion disk, it shows that the inner shadow expands with $α$, while decreases with $Q$. The increase of $α$ exhibits an increasing effect on redshift. At the same parameter level, $α$ has a more obvious effect on inner shadow and image of BH by comparing with that of $Q$. Our study implies that both $α$ and $Q$ have relatively significant effects on the image of the KN-MOG BH with the thin disk accretion, but the influence of $α$ is much greater. So, this indicates that $α$ plays a dominant role in this spacetime.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures
Effects of Hydrocephalus on Rodent Optic Nerve and Optic Disc
Creators: name: McCue, Rachel A.
Publisher: name: IUPUI ScholarWorks
Year: 2021
Subjects: Hydrocephalus
Optic Disc Edema
Optic Nerve
Retinal Ganglion Cell

description: Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
description: Hydrocephalus affects 1 in 1,000 newborns and nearly 1,000,000 Americans, leading to an increase in intercranial pressure due to the build-up of cerebrospinal fluid. There are numerous complications that arise as a result of hydrocephalus, but this study focuses on optic disc edema. The subarachnoid space surrounding the optic nerve contains cerebrospinal fluid. The cerebrospinal fluid increases in hydrocephalus, putting pressure on the optic nerve. The additional intracranial pressure has been proposed to cause axoplasmic stasis within the retinal ganglion cell axons, leading to axonal damage and retinal ischemia. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of hydrocephalus on the optic disc and retina in several animal models of hydrocephalus. This study uses two genetic and two injury-induced models of hydrocephalus in addition to immunohistochemistry and histological stains to examine the optic disc, thickness of retinal layers, and numbers of retinal cells. This study serves as preliminary work to help build the case that hydrocephalus causes cell loss in the retina, as well as swelling of the retinal ganglion cell axons, leading to axoplasmic stasis and cell death.
Anomalous Raman Spectra and Thickness Dependent Electronic properties of WSe2
Creators: name: Sahin, H.
name: Tongay, S.
name: Horzum, S.
name: Fan, W.
name: Zhou, J.
name: Li, J.
name: Wu, J.
name: Peeters, F. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Typical Raman spectra of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) display two prominent peaks, E2g and A1g, that are well separated from each other. We find that these modes are degenerate in bulk WSe2 yielding one single Raman peak. As the dimensionality is lowered, the observed peak splits in two as a result of broken degeneracy. In contrast to our experimental findings, our phonon dispersion calculations reveal that these modes remain degenerate independent of the number of layers. Interestingly, for minuscule biaxial strain the degeneracy is preserved but once the crystal symmetry is broken by uniaxial strain, the degeneracy is lifted. Our calculated phonon dispersion for uniaxially strained WSe2 shows a perfect match to the measured Raman spectrum which suggests that uniaxial strain exists in WSe2 flakes possibly induced during the sample preparation and/or as a result of interaction between WSe2 and the substrate. Furthermore, we find that WSe2 undergoes an indirect to direct bandgap transition from bulk to monolayers which is ubiquitous for semiconducting TMDs. These results not only allow us to understand the vibrational properties of WSe2 but also provides detailed insight to their physical properties.
description: http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.87.165409
The no-hair theorems at work in M87$^\ast$
Creators: name: Iorio, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, a perturbative calculation to the first post-Newtonian order has shown that the analytically worked out Lense-Thirring precession of the orbital angular momentum of a test particle following a circular path around a massive spinning primary is able to explain the measured features of the jet precession of the supermassive black hole at the centre of the giant elliptical galaxy M87. It is shown that also the hole's mass quadrupole moment $Q_2$, as given by the no-hair theorems, has a dynamical effect which cannot be neglected, as, instead, done so far in the literature. New allowed regions for the hole's dimensionless spin parameter $a^\ast$ and the effective radius $r_0$ of the accretion disk, assumed tightly coupled with the jet, are obtained by including both the Lense-Thirring and the quadrupole effects in the dynamics of the effective test particle modeling the accretion disk. One obtains that, by numerically integrating the resulting averaged equations for the rates of change of the angles $η$ and $ϕ$ characterizing the orientation of the orbital angular momentum with $a^\ast = +0.98$ and $r_0=14.1$ gravitational radii, it is possible to reproduce, both quantitatively and qualitatively, the time series for them recently measured with the Very Long Baseline Interferometry technique. Instead, the resulting time series produced with $a^\ast = -0.95$ and $r_0=16$ gravitational radii turn out to be out of phase with respect to the observationally determined ones, while maintaining the same amplitudes.
description: LaTex2e, 7 pages, 2 figures, no tables. Accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society