Aphyle niedmandi Grados 2018, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Grados, Juan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Erebidae
Aphyle
Aphyle niedmandi

description: Aphyle niedmandi sp. nov.
(Figs. 1–8, 12, 14, 16)
Holotype male (Figs. 1–2): PERU, Madre de Dios, Albergue Refugio Amazonas, 12°52'30''S, 69°24'35''W, 231m, 17.vii.2016 (D. Couceiro). 20 paratypes (15 males and 5 females): PERU, Loreto, 1 male, Campamento Paiche (Río Curaray), 01°29'25''S, 75°23'53''W, 200m, 02.iii.2008 (W. Yawuarcani); 1 male, Campamento Dorado (Quebrada Rumiyacu), 01°48'09''S, 75°29'14''W, 230m, 23.ii.2008 (W. Yawuarcani). Ucayali, 1 male, Quebrada Shaguauya, 08°39'12''S, 73°21'25''W, 275m, 04.xi.2008 (S. Carbonel). Junin, 1 male, Río Venado, 1050m, 01.i.2009 (V. Izerskyy). CUSCO, 1 male, 1 female, Cashiriari, 11°52'S, 72°39'W, 690m, 02.xii.1997 (J. Grados); 1 male, C.C. Kitaparay, 12°12'47.73''S, 72°49'11.42''W, 474m, 13.xi.2009 (C. Espinoza & E. Rázuri); 1 male, C.C. Timpia, 12°06'52.69''S, 72°49'48.64''W, 486m, 21.x.2009 (M. Alvarado & E. Rázuri); 1 female, 12 km O de Sonampiato, 12°39'52.07''S, 73°14'35.01''W, 887m, 30.v.2011 (C. Espinoza); 1 female, Campamento Comerciato, 12°47'S, 73°22'W, 1360m, 18.xi.2002 (J. Grados). Madre de Dios, 1 male, CICRA (Río Los Amigos), 12°33'36.3''S, 70°06'17.3''W, 280m, 10.xii.2005 (J. Grados); 1 female, idem except, 06.xii.2005; 1 male, idem except, 01.v.2006 (A. Asenjo); 1 male, idem except, 29.x.2006 (A. Asenjo); 1 male, idem except, 17.xi.2006 (A. Asenjo); 1 male, idem except, 23.viii–15.ix.2008 (A. Asenjo); 1 female, Albergue Refugio Amazonas, 12°52'30''S, 69°24'35''W, 231m, 07.iv.2016 (Harald Niedman, Karen Niedman, Emily Niedman, Dominic Niedman & D. Couceiro); 1 male, idem except, 10.viii.2016 (D. Couceiro); 1 male, idem except, 02.x.2016 (D. Couceiro); 1 male, idem except, 07.x.2016 (D. Couceiro).
Diagnosis (male and female): Head creamy, frontoclypeous light brown, with a black spot between antennae. Thorax creamy white, patagia black with blue iridescence. Two black dots on medial part of mesoscutum, and another two on central part of mesoscutellum. Forewing creamy brown, with two small black spots on its base. A continuous series of five black spots close to wing base, from costal margin until below vein 1A+2A,, arranged crosswise. Black dots close to apex and tornus. Hindwing diaphanous creamy white, with creamy hairs on inner margin. Abdomen creamy yellow dorsally, whitish ventrally.
Description male (Figs. 1–2) and female (Figs.3–4). Forewing span: 9–12 mm in males (n=16), 20–21 mm in females (n=5). Head: Frontoclypeous light brown. Between the scapes, a black line. Posterior margin of vertex with light brown scales. Palpi black with blue iridescence, except for the frontal surface of first palpomere, and proximal frontal surfaces of second and third palpomeres, creamy white. Occiput whitish laterally. Antennae creamy, slightly bipectinated with very small rami. Thorax: Creamy white. Patagia black with blue iridescence, and a white line on anterior surface, plus a creamy transversal line before posterior margin. Tegulae creamy with a black line across situated before the beginning of the first pair of wings and a black spot towards tegulae posterior. Two black dots on medial surface of mesoscutum, and two other on the medial part of the mesoscutellum. Creamy hair-like scales laterally between metascutum and metascutellum. Prothoracic legs creamy white. Prothoracic femora with a black spot on inner surface, about three quarters from distal end of the segment. Another black spot on inner distal surface of tibia. Proximal surface of the last four tarsal segments brown scaled. Mesothoracic legs creamy with two brown spots, on distal end of femora and on proximal end of tibiae. Metathoracic legs entirely creamy.
Forewing: Dorsal surface with costal margin sandy brown. Two small black spots on the wing base. A continuous series of five black spots close to the wing base, going from costal margin until below vein 1A+2A, arranged crosswise. Very close to these, a brown spot from C to the 2A. Also very close to these and towards the distal surface, a black spot between C and 2A. Two black spots inside discal cell, the larger one close to the wing base. On proximal surface of cell C1-C2, a black elongated spot. Below the beginning of Cu2-1A, another black elongated spot. A large, elongated spot on anal cell, comprising the vein 2A and reaching posterior margin. Veins M1, M2 and M3 brown. This color not reaching the termen. Three black points near apex: between veins R3 and R4, R4 and R5, and R5 and M1. Three black spots reaching termen, wider towards mesal area; between M1-M2, M2-M3 and M3-CU1. A sandy brown spot towards the proximal region. A series of black dots located between M3 and tornus: an elongated dot obliquely arranged on subdistal part of M3-Cu1; a dot subdistal on Cu1-Cu2; a black spot on Cu2-1A; a subdistal black dot on 1A-2A; finally, a dot on tornus. Tornus with a sandy brown spot. Ventral surface creamy whitish and hyaline. A series of black dots present near apex, similar to those on dorsal side, but smaller: between veins R3 and R4, R4 and R5, and R5 and M1. Three black spots reaching termen and wider towards mesal area, but nos as dark as the dorsal side: between M1-M2, M2-M3 and M3-CU1. Hindwing: Both dorsal and ventral surfaces identical. Creamy witish and hyaline, with creamy hairs on inner margin. Abdomen: Creamy yellowish dorsally, slightly hairy on first three terga, with creamy and white hairs on remaining terga. White ventrally. Male genitalia (Figs. 5–8) (Genitalia # JGA 729): Tegumen short. Uncus wide at base; in dorsal view thinning towards distal end, and more sclerotized towards the tip; in lateral view, wider medially. Sacculus elongated and ventral process of valvae short and rounded. Dorsal process of valvae elongated and curved, twice the length of ventral process. Aedeagus with small caecum penis. Vesica with a membranous process towards the ventral side and elongated dorsal process. Numerous cornuti on a well delimited on distal process.
Etymology: niedmandi is a singular genitive noun, dedicated to the Niedmand family for being the first ones to collect specimens of the new species at the Refugio Amazonas Lodge.
Distribution: Known from the departments of Loreto, Ucayali, Junin and Madre de Dios (Peruvian Amazon).
Barcoding: The access number to Genbank is MG837873. The mitochondrial DNA sequence (COI) of one of the paratypes is as follows (Voucher MUSM– Arctiinae VB # 33):
AACTTTATATTTTATTTTTGGAATTTGAGCTGGTATAGTAGGAACTTCTTTAAGTTTATTAATCCGAGCTG AATTAGGTAATCCTGGATCTTTAATTGGAGATGATCAAATTTATAATACTATCGTTACTGCTCATGCTTTT ATCATAATTTTTTTTATAGTTATACCTATTATAATTGGAGGTTTTGGAAATTGATTAGTACCTTTAATATTA GGAGCCCCTGATATAGCTTTCCCCCGAATAAATAATATAAGTTTCTGACTTCTTCCCCCATCTTTAACTT TATTAATTTCAAGAAGAATTGTAGAAAATGGAGCAGGAACAGGATGAACAGTTTACCCCCCCCTTTCA TCAAATATCGCCCATGGAGGAAGATCTGTAGATCTAGCTATTTTCTCCCTACATTTAGCAGGTATCTCAT CAATTTTAGGTGCAATTAATTTTATTACCACAATCATTAATATACGATTAAATAATTTATCATTTGATCAA ATACCATTATTTGTTTGAGCAGTAGGTATTACAGCATTTTTATTACTATTATCTCTCCCAGTTTTAGCTGG AGCTATTACAATATTATTAACTGATCGAAATTTAAACACATCTTTTTTTGACCCTGCTGGAGGGGGGGA TCCCATCCTCTATCAACATTTATTT
Remarks: Aphyle cuneata Hampson, 1905 was described from a male specimen of the Potaro River (Guyana), type deposited at the NHMUK (Figs. 9–10). The new species has a color pattern and external morphology similar to A. cuneata, differing from it in the black spots on the wing base:
The spot at very base of the wing and the largest proximal patch are continuos in A. cuneate, while in A. niedmandi are discontinuous, with tiny spots. The genitalia morphology is very similar in both species; the most notorious differences are in the antennae and eighth tergite and sternite. Antennae are bipectinated in both taxa, but the rami have almost the same length of the shaft in A. cuneata, giving it a pentagonal shape (Fig. 15), while in A. niedmandi they are shorter, so the flagellomeres are rectangular shaped (Fig. 16).
The eighth tergite of A. cuneata has large lateral apodemes, one quarter the length of the entire tergite (Fig. 11). In A. niedmandi the tergite is wider, and the apodemes are small (Fig. 12). In the eighth sternite, the apodeme of A. cuneata is broad and has lateral extensions (Fig. 13), whereas in A. niedmandi the apodeme is narrow and continuous along the anterior border (Fig. 14).
Aphyle cuneata occurs in Guyana, French Guiana (MHNP), Ecuador (Piñas et al. 2000), and Peru. For the latter country, there are records from the departments of Loreto, Cusco and Madre de Dios. Aphyle niedmandi, on its turn, has been recorded from Loreto, Ucayali, Junín, Cusco and Madre de Dios. The genetic distance between both species is 5.52%.
description: Published as part of Grados, Juan, 2018, Four new species and one new subspecies of Arctiinae (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) from the Tambopata river, Madre de Dios, Peru, pp. 29-48 in Zootaxa 4434 (1) on pages 31-34, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4434.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/1290936