cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Abelian Monopoles in SU(2) Lattice Gauge Theory as Physical Objects
Creators: name: Bakker, B. L. G.
name: Chernodub, M. N.
name: Polikarpov, M. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By numerical calculations we show that the abelian monopole currents are locally correlated with the density of SU(2) lattice action. The correlations are larger by the order of magnitude in the maximal abelian projection than in the projections which correspond to the diagonalization of Polyakov line and to the diagonalization of the plaquette. These facts show that (at least) in the maximal abelian projection the monopoles are the physical objects, they carry the SU(2) action. The larger value of β, the larger the relative action carried by monopole. Calculations on the asymmetric lattice show that this correlation exists also in the deconfinement phase of gluodynamics.
description: 6 pages, RevTeX, 3 figures, uses epsf.sty; to be published in Phys.Rev.Lett., replaced to match version accepted for publication
Four-dimensional polymer collapse II: Pseudo-First-Order Transition in Interacting Self-avoiding Walks
Creators: name: Prellberg, T.
name: Owczarek, A. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In earlier work we provided the first evidence that the collapse, or coil-globule, transition of an isolated polymer in solution can be seen in a four-dimensional model. Here we investigate, via Monte Carlo simulations, the canonical lattice model of polymer collapse, namely interacting self-avoiding walks, to show that it not only has a distinct collapse transition at finite temperature but that for any finite polymer length this collapse has many characteristics of a rounded first-order phase transition. However, we also show that there exists a `$θ$-point' where the polymer behaves in a simple Gaussian manner (which is a critical state), to which these finite-size transition temperatures approach as the polymer length is increased. The resolution of these seemingly incompatible conclusions involves the argument that the first-order-like rounded transition is scaled away in the thermodynamic limit to leave a mean-field second-order transition. Essentially this happens because the finite-size \emph{shift} of the transition is asymptotically much larger than the \emph{width} of the pseudo-transition and the latent heat decays to zero (algebraically) with polymer length. This scenario can be inferred from the application of the theory of Lifshitz, Grosberg and Khokhlov (based upon the framework of Lifshitz) to four dimensions: the conclusions of which were written down some time ago by Khokhlov. In fact it is precisely above the upper critical dimension, which is 3 for this problem, that the theory of Lifshitz may be quantitatively applicable to polymer collapse.
description: 30 pages, 14 figures included in text
Quantum Fluctuations versus Topology - a Study in U(1)_2 Lattice Gauge Theory
Creators: name: Gattringer, C. R.
name: Hip, I.
name: Lang, C. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the geometric definition of the topological charge we decompose the path integral of 2-dimensional U(1) lattice gauge theory into topological sectors. In a Monte Carlo simulation we compute the average value of the action as well as the distribution of its values for each sector separately. These numbers are compared with analytic lower bounds of the action which are relevant for classical configurations carrying topological charge. We find that quantum fluctuations entirely dominate the path integral. Our results for the probability distribution of the Monte Carlo generated configurations among the topological sectors can be understood by a semi-phenomenological argument.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
Synthesis, complexation and biological effects studies of new thiacrown ethers derived quinoline: part I
Creators: name: Ashram, Muhammad
name: Ghassab M. Al-Mazaideh
name: Al-Zereini, Wael
name: Al-Mustafa, Ahmed
name: Shehadeh Mizyed
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer

description: A series of new thiacrown ethers derived quinoline 7–9 were synthesized in good yield and in a simple way. Their transition metal ions complexation was studied using a conductometric method in acetonitrile at 25°C. Crowns 7 and 8 showed a continuous decrease in the molar conductances in their complexation with Ag+, Cu2+, Hg2+ and Zn2+ which begins to level off at a molar ratio of 1:1 crown to metal, indicating the formation of 1 stable 1:1 complex. On the other hand, crown 9 showed the formation of 1:1 complexes only with Ag+, Cu2+, Hg2+. The in vitro, a preliminary antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic effects on breast tumor cells were also reported. Five bacterial test strains were included in the present study. Antioxidant activity was measured in terms of the radical scavenging ability and decolorization of 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. Cytotoxic effect of thiacrown was evaluated using MDA MB-231 cell line (human breast adenocarcinoma, ATCC HTB-26).
Scaling of Selfavoiding Tethered Membranes: 2-Loop Renormalization Group Results
Creators: name: David, Francois
name: Wiese, Kay J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The scaling properties of selfavoiding polymerized membranes are studied using renormalization group methods. The scaling exponent νis calculated for the first time at two loop order. νis found to agree with the Gaussian variational estimate for large space dimension d and to be close to the Flory estimate for d=3.
description: 4 pages, RevTeX + 20 .eps files
Neutrino telescopes under the ocean: The case for ANTARES
Creators: name: Moscoso, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutrino telescopes offer an alternative way to explore the Universe. Several projects are in operation or under construction. A detector under the ocean is very promising because of the very accurate angular resolution that it provides. The ANTARES project is intended to demonstrate the feasibilty of such a detector.
description: Talk given at the Neutrino98 conference, Takayama, Japan, June 4-9, 1998
Hofer's $L^{\infty}$-geometry: energy and stability of Hamiltonian flows, part I
Creators: name: Lalonde, François
name: McDuff, Dusa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Consider the group $\Ham^c(M)$ of compactly supported Hamiltonian symplectomorphisms of the symplectic manifold $(M,\om)$ with the Hofer $L^{\infty}$-norm. A path in $\Ham^c(M)$ will be called a geodesic if all sufficiently short pieces of it are local minima for the Hofer length functional $\Ll$. In this paper, we give a necessary condition for a path $\ga$ to be a geodesic. We also develop a necessary condition for a geodesic to be stable, that is, a local minimum for $\Ll$. This condition is related to the existence of periodic orbits for the linearization of the path, and so extends Ustilovsky's work on the second variation formula. Using it, we construct a symplectomorphism of $S^2$ which cannot be reached from the identity by a shortest path. In later papers in this series, we will use holomorphic methods to prove the sufficiency of the condition given here for the characterisation of geodesics as well as the sufficiency of the condition for the stability of geodesics. We will also investigate conditions under which geodesics are absolutely length-minimizing.
Observation of critical phenomena in parity-time-symmetric quantum dynamics
Creators: name: Xiao, Lei
name: Wang, Kunkun
name: Zhan, Xiang
name: Bian, Zhihao
name: Kawabata, Kohei
name: Ueda, Masahito
name: Yi, Wei
name: Xue, Peng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We experimentally simulate non-unitary quantum dynamics using a single-photon interferometric network and study the information flow between a parity-time (PT)-symmetric non-Hermitian system and its environment. We observe oscillations of quantum-state distinguishability and complete information retrieval in the PT-symmetry-unbroken regime. We then characterize in detail critical phenomena of the information flow near the exceptional point separating the PT-unbroken and -broken regimes, and demonstrate power-law behavior in key quantities such as the distinguishability and the recurrence time. We also reveal how the critical phenomena are affected by symmetry and initial conditions. Finally, introducing an ancilla as an environment and probing quantum entanglement between the system and the environment, we confirm that the observed information retrieval is induced by a finite-dimensional entanglement partner in the environment. Our work constitutes the first experimental characterization of critical phenomena in PT-symmetric non-unitary quantum dynamics.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures, new experimental results added
MARKETING: MARKETING FAOLIYATI SAMARADORLIGINI BAHOLASH USULLARI
Creators: name: Turopova, Nigora
name: Abdurahmonov, Begali
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ushbu maqolada marketing faoliyati samaradorligini baholash usullari yoritilgan bo’lib, ularga ilmiy jihatdan qisqacha ma’lumot berilgan. Maqolada, shuningdek, marketingni asosiy maqsadlari firmaning asosiy maqsadlari bilan o‘zaro aloqadorligi ham o’z aksini topgan.
All human body systems and organs disorders as a function of herpesviruses HSV latency and apoptosis survival strategy, in the example nervous system, brain electric disorder – epilepsy, a new approach."
Creators: name: Chuptyś, Piotr
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Herpes
HSV
epilepsy
eeg
neuron
virus latency
Herpes latency
brain
nervous system
HSV-1
HSV-2
latency
apoptosis
herpesvirus

description: Disorders and dysfunctions in the work of organs and systems of the human body are caused by viruses of the Herpes group, which through their latent form disturb electrically the work of the nervous system in a way that is recognized as symptomatic and asymptomatic epileptic disorder, which results in a lack of proper control by brain over elements of the human body organs and systems or disorders its functionality in action.
description: CC Creative commons rules apply where indicated.
title: Extending the Chemistry of Layered Solids and Nanosheets: Chemistry and Structure of MAX Phases, MAB Phases and MXenes
Creators: name: Kubitza, Niels
name: Büchner, Carina
name: Sinclair, Jordan
name: Snyder, Rose M.
name: Birkel, Christina S.
Publisher: name: Wiley-VCH
Year: 2024

description: MAX phases are layered solids with unique properties combining characteristics of ceramics and metals. MXenes are their two‐dimensional siblings that can be synthesized as van der Waals‐stacked and multi‐/single‐layer nanosheets, which possess chemical and physical properties that make them interesting for a plethora of applications. Both families of materials are highly versatile in terms of their chemical composition and theoretical studies suggest that many more members are stable and can be synthesized. This is very intriguing because new combinations of elements, and potentially new structures, can lead to further (tunable) properties. In this review, we focus on the synthesis science (including non‐conventional approaches) and structure of members less investigated, namely compounds with more exotic M‐, A‐, and X‐elements, for example nitrides and (carbo)nitrides, and the related family of MAB phases.
Ab initio evaluation of local effective interactions in $α^\prime NaV_2O_5$
Creators: name: Suaud, Nicolas
name: Lepetit, Marie-Bernadette
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We will present the numerical evaluation of the hopping and magnetic exchange integrals for a nearest-neighbor $t-J$ model of the quarter-filled $α^\prime NaV_2O_5$ compound. The effective integrals are obtained from valence-spectroscopy {\em ab initio} calculations of embedded crystal fragments (two $VO_5$ pyramids in the different geometries corresponding to the desired parameters). We are using a large configurations interaction (CI) method, where the CI space is specifically optimized to obtain accurate energy differences. We show that the $α^\prime NaV_2O_5$ system can be seen as a two-dimensional asymmetric triangular Heisenberg lattice where the effective sites represent delocalized $V-O-V$ rung entities supporting the magnetic electrons.
description: 24 pages, 5 figures
Melvilloceras rotaii
Creators: name: Dernov, Vitaly
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Cephalopoda
Ammonoidea
Reticuloceratidae
Melvilloceras
Melvilloceras rotaii

description: Layers with Melvilloceras rotaii
 I n d e x s p e c i e s. Melvilloceras rotaii (LIBROVITCH in POPOV, 1979).
 A s s o c i a t e d a m m o n o i d s. Cymoceras sp., Bisatoceras sp., Anthracoceratites tchernyshewi LIBROVITCH in POPOV, A. sp., Gastrioceras listeri (SOWERBY), G. angustum P ATTEISKY, G. kutejnikovense POPOV, G. spp.,? Agastrioceras sp., Branneroceras spp. (Popov 1979 and this paper).
 S t r a t i g r a p h i c r a n g e. Between shale 100 m below the G 1 2 limestone layer and the G 4 limestone bed.
 A g e a n d c o r r e l a t i o n.Layerswith Melvilloceras rotaii correspond to the lower part of the GastriocerasBranneroceras Genozone, uppermost part of the lenisulcata Zone (non-marine bivalves) and lowest part of the communis Zone (lower Langsettian) of the Western Europe and the middle part of the Neuralethopteris jongmansii macrofloristic subzone of the Western Europe (Langsettian).
description: Published as part of Dernov, Vitaly, 2022, Late Bashkirian Ammonoids From The Mospyne Formation Of The Donets Basin, Ukraine, pp. 489-512 in Fossil Imprint 78 (2) on pages 496-497, DOI: 10.37520/fi.2022.021, http://zenodo.org/record/7522607
Freezing of anisotropic spin clusters in La1.98Sr0.02CuO4
Creators: name: Matsuda, M.
name: Lee, Y. S.
name: Greven, M.
name: Kastner, M. A.
name: Birgeneau, R. J.
name: Yamada, K.
name: Endoh, Y.
name: Boeni, P.
name: Lee, S. -H.
name: Wakimoto, S.
name: Shirane, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A spin-glass compound, La$_{1.98}$Sr$_{0.02}$CuO$_4$, shows quasi-three-dimensional magnetic ordering below $\sim$40 K. A remarkable feature is that the magnetic correlation length along the orthorhombic $a\rm_{ortho}$ axis is much longer than that along the $b\rm_{ortho}$ axis, suggesting that the spin structure is closely related to the diagonal stripe structure. The spin-glass state can be expressed as a random freezing of quasi-three-dimensional spin clusters with anisotropic spin correlations ($ξ'_a\sim160$ Å, $ξ'_b\sim25$ Å, and $ξ'_c\sim4.7$ Åat 1.6 K). The new magnetic state is important as an intermediate phase between the three-dimensional antiferromagnetic ordered phase in La$_2$CuO$_4$ and the incommensurate phase in La$_{1.95}$Sr$_{0.05}$CuO$_4$ in which the positions of the incommensurate peaks are rotated by 45$^\circ$ in reciprocal space about ($π$,$π$) from those observed in the superconducting La$_2$CuO$_4$ compounds.
description: 7 pages, RevTex, 8 PS figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. B
The Escape Fraction of Ionizing Photons During the Epoch of Reionization: observability with the Square Kilometre Array
Creators: name: Seiler, Jacob
name: Hutter, Anne
name: Sinha, Manodeep
name: Croton, Darren
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the most important parameters in characterizing the Epoch of Reionization, the escape fraction of ionizing photons, $f_\mathrm{esc}$, remains unconstrained both observationally and theoretically. With recent work highlighting the impact of galaxy-scale feedback on the instantaneous value of $f_\mathrm{esc}$, it is important to develop a model in which reionization is self-consistently coupled to galaxy evolution. In this work, we present such a model and explore how physically motivated functional forms of $f_\mathrm{esc}$ affect the evolution of ionized hydrogen within the intergalactic medium. Using the $21$cm power spectrum evolution, we investigate the likelihood of observationally distinguishing between a constant $f_\mathrm{esc}$ and other models that depend upon different forms of galaxy feedback. We find that changing the underlying connection between $f_\mathrm{esc}$ and galaxy feedback drastically alters the large-scale $21$cm power. The upcoming Square Kilometre Array Low Frequency instrument possesses the sensitivity to differentiate between our models at a fixed optical depth, requiring only $200$ hours of integration time focused on redshifts $z = 7.5-8.5$. Generalizing these results to account for a varying optical depth will require multiple $800$ hour observations spanning redshifts $z = 7-10$. This presents an exciting opportunity to observationally constrain one of the most elusive parameters during the Epoch of Reionization.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables
Recent Advances in Hamiltonian Lattice Gauge Theory
Creators: name: Guo, Shuo-Hong
name: Luo, Xiang-Qian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the recent advances in the Hamiltonian formulation of lattice gauge theory for approaching the continuum physics. In particular, vacuum wave function and glueball spectrum calculations by coupled cluster method with truncation scheme preserving the continuum behavior are described.
description: Review given at the Beijing Workshop on Experiemental and Theoretical Study of Glueballs
Inefficiency in selecting products for submission to national research assessment exercises
Creators: name: Abramo, Giovanni
name: D'Angelo, Ciriaco Andrea
name: Di Costa, Flavia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: One of the critical issues in national research assessment exercises concerns the choice of whether to evaluate the entire scientific portfolio of the institutions or a subset composed of the best products. Under the second option, the capacities of the institutions to select the appropriate researchers and their best products (the UK case) or simply the best products of every researcher (the Italian case) becomes critical, both for purposes of correct assessment of the real quality of research in the institutions evaluated, and for the selective funding that follows. In this work, through case studies of three Italian universities, we analyze the efficiency of the product selection that is intended to maximize the universities' scores in the current national research assessment exercise, the results of which will be the basis for assigning an important share of public financing over the coming years.
Dimerization and Incommensurate Spiral Spin Correlations in the Zigzag Spin Chain: Analogies to the Kondo Lattice
Creators: name: White, Steven R.
name: Affleck, Ian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the density matrix renormalization group and a bosonization approach, we study a spin-1/2 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chain with near-neighbor coupling $J_1$ and frustrating second-neighbor coupling $J_2$, particularly in the limit $J_2 >> J_1$. This system exhibits both dimerization and incommensurate spiral spin correlations. We argue that this system is closely related to a doped, spin-gapped phase of the one-dimensional Kondo lattice.
description: 18 pages, with 13 embedded encapsulated Postscript figures, uses epsf.sty. Corrects a misstatement about the pitch angle, and contains additional references
Ground-based Spectroscopy of the Exoplanet XO-2b using a Systematic Wavelength Calibration
Creators: name: Pearson, Kyle A.
name: Griffith, Caitlin A.
name: Zellem, Robert T.
name: Koskinen, Tommi T.
name: Roudier, Gael M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exoplanets orbiting close to their host star are expected to support a large ionosphere, which extends to larger pressures than witnessed in our Solar System. These ionospheres can be investigated with ground-based transit observations of the optical signatures of alkali metals, which are the source of the ions. Here, we present new observations and analyses of optical transit spectra that cover the Na doublet in the atmosphere of the exoplanet XO-2 b. To assess the consistency of our results, observations were obtained from two separate platforms: Gemini/GMOS and Mayall/KOSMOS. To mitigate the systematic errors, we chose XO-2, because it has a binary companion of the same brightness and stellar type, which provides an ideal reference star to model Earth's atmospheric effects. We find that interpretation of the data is highly sensitive to time-varying translations along the detector, which change according to wavelength and differ between the target and reference star. It was necessary to employ a time-dependent cross-correlation to align our wavelength bins and correct for atmospheric differential refraction. This approach allows us to resolve the wings of the Na line across 5 wavelength bins at a resolution of $\sim$1.6nm and limit the abundance of Na. We obtain consistent results from each telescope with a Na amplitude of 521$\pm$161 ppm and 403$\pm$186 ppm for GMOS and KOSMOS respectively. The results are analyzed with a radiative transfer model that includes the effects of ionization. The data are consistent with a clear atmosphere between $\sim$1--100 mbar which establish a lower limit on Na at 0.4$^{+2}_{-0.3}$ ppm ([Na/H]=-0.64$^{+0.78}_{-0.6}$), consistent with solar. However, we can not rule out the presence of clouds at $\sim$10 mbar which allow for higher Na abundances which would be consistent with stellar metallicity measured for the host star ([Na/H]=0.485$\pm$0.043).
description: AJ published, 20 pages, all code is available here: https://github.com/pearsonkyle
LSST DESC Science Roadmap
Creators: name: Collaboration, The LSST Dark Energy Science
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: The LSST DESC Science Roadmap (SRM) is primarily focused on providing a detailed framework (basic research priorities, along with infrastructure work in the form of software and dataset deliverables) that we will need to undertake for the collaboration to be ready to analyze the LSST Year 1 data, including the beginnings of a plan for LSST commissioning and SV. The SRM is the plan that the DESC Working Groups are using to build and test the simulation, processing and analysis pipelines we need.
description: Immediately after the executive summary, there is a brief "How to use this document" guide that concisely describes how to navigate it. Please start there to find your way through the document!
Gastrioceras lupinum POPOV 1979
Creators: name: Dernov, Vitaly
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Cephalopoda
Ammonoidea
Gastrioceratidae
Gastrioceras
Gastrioceras lupinum

description: Layers with Gastrioceras lupinum
 I n d e x s p e c i e s. Gastrioceras lupinum POPOV, 1979.
 A s s o c i a t e d a m m o n o i d s. Gastrioceras listeri (SOWERBY) and G. angustum PATTEISKY (Popov 1979 and this paper).
 S t r a t i g r a p h i c r a n g e. From the G 4 limestone layer to the base of the I 1 limestone bed (Belaya Kalitva Formation).
 A g e a n d c o r r e l a t i o n. Layers with Gastrioceras lupinum correspond to the upper part of the GastriocerasBranneroceras Genozone, upper part of the communis Zone and lower modiolaris Subzone (late Langsettian) of the Western Europe and the uppermost part of the Neuralethopteris jongmansii and lower half of the Laveineopteris loshii macrofloristic subzones of Western Europe.
description: Published as part of Dernov, Vitaly, 2022, Late Bashkirian Ammonoids From The Mospyne Formation Of The Donets Basin, Ukraine, pp. 489-512 in Fossil Imprint 78 (2) on page 497, DOI: 10.37520/fi.2022.021, http://zenodo.org/record/7522607
Intrinsic localized modes in the charge-transfer solid PtCl
Creators: name: Kladko, Konstantin
name: Malek, Jiri
name: Bishop, Alan R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a theoretical analysis of intrinsic localized modes in a quasi-one-dimensional charge-transfer-solid $[Pt(en)_2][Pt(en)_2 Cl_2](ClO_4)_4$(PtCl). We discuss strongly nonlinear features of resonant Raman overtone scattering measurements on PtCl, arising from quantum intrinsic localized (multiphonon) modes (ILMs) and ILM-plus-phonon states. We show, that Raman scattering data displays clear signs of a non-thermalization of lattice degrees-of-freedom, manifested in a nonequilibrium density of intrinsic localized modes.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, REVTEX
Hofer's $L^{\infty}$-geometry: energy and stability of Hamiltonian flows, part II
Creators: name: Lalonde, François
name: McDuff, Dusa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we first show that the necessary condition introduced in our previous paper is also a sufficient condition for a path to be a geodesic in the group $\Ham^c(M)$ of compactly supported Hamiltonian symplectomorphisms. This applies with no restriction on $M$. We then discuss conditions which guarantee that such a path minimizes the Hofer length. Our argument relies on a general geometric construction (the gluing of monodromies) and on an extension of Gromov's non-squeezing theorem both to more general manifolds and to more general capacities. The manifolds we consider are quasi-cylinders, that is spaces homeomorphic to $M \times D^2$ which are symplectically ruled over $D^2$. When we work with the usual capacity (derived from embedded balls), we can prove the existence of paths which minimize the length among all homotopic paths, provided that $M$ is semi-monotone. (This restriction occurs because of the well-known difficulty with the theory of $J$-holomorphic curves in arbitrary $M$.) However, we can only prove the existence of length-minimizing paths (i.e. paths which minimize length amongst {\it all} paths, not only the homotopic ones) under even more restrictive conditions on $M$, for example when $M$ is exact and convex or of dimension $2$. The new difficulty is caused by the possibility that there are non-trivial and very short loops in $\Ham^c(M)$. When such length-minimizing paths do exist, we can extend the Bialy--Polterovich calculation of the Hofer norm on a neighbourhood of the identity ($C^1$-flatness).
title: Encapsulation of Fragrances in Micro‐ and Nano‐Capsules, Polymeric Micelles, and Polymersomes
Creators: name: Russell, Sam
name: Bruns, Nico
Publisher: name: Wiley-VCH
Year: 2024

description: Fragrances are ubiquitously and extensively used in everyday life and several industrial applications, including perfumes, textiles, laundry formulations, hygiene household products, and food products. However, the intrinsic volatility of these small organic molecules leaves them particularly susceptible to fast depletion from a product or from the surface they have been applied to. Encapsulation is a very effective method to limit the loss of fragrance during their use and to sustain their release. This review gives an overview of the different materials and techniques used for the encapsulation of fragrances, scents, and aromas, as well as the methods used to characterize the resulting encapsulation systems, with a particular focus on cyclodextrins, polymer microcapsules, inorganic microcapsules, block copolymer micelles, and polymersomes for fragrance encapsulation, sustained release, and controlled release.
Nonlinear interaction of charged particles with a free electron gas beyond the random-phase approximation
Creators: name: Gaztelurrutia, T. del Rio
name: Pitarke, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A nonlinear description of the interaction of charged particles penetrating a solid has become of basic importance in the interpretation of a variety of physical phenomena. Here we develop a many-body theoretical approach to the quadratic decay rate, energy loss, and wake potential of charged particles moving in an interacting free electron gas. Explicit expressions for these quantities are obtained either within the random-phase approximation (RPA) or with full inclusion of short-range exchange and correlation effects. The Z^3 correction to the energy loss of ions is evaluated beyond RPA, in the limit of low velocities.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures To appear in Phys. Rev. B
Generalized 2D dilaton gravity and KGB
Creators: name: Takahashi, Kazufumi
name: Kobayashi, Tsutomu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show explicitly that the nonminimal coupling between the scalar field and the Ricci scalar in 2D dilaton gravity can be recast in the form of kinetic gravity braiding (KGB). This is as it should be, because KGB is the 2D version of the Horndeski theory. We also determine all the static solutions with a linearly time-dependent scalar configuration in the shift-symmetric KGB theories in 2D.
description: 5 pages; matches published version
Explicit form of the R-ratio of electron-positron annihilation into hadrons
Creators: name: Nesterenko, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The explicit expression for the R-ratio of electron-positron annihilation into hadrons, which properly accounts for all the effects due to continuation of the spacelike perturbative results into the timelike domain, is obtained at an arbitrary loop level. Several equivalent ways to derive a commonly employed approximation of the R-ratio are recapped and the impact of discarded in the latter higher-order pi2-terms on the evaluation of the strong running coupling is elucidated. The obtained results substantially facilitate the theoretical study of electron-positron annihilation into hadrons and the related strong interaction processes.
description: 21 pages, 2 figures, 1 table
Relation between spin Hall effect and anomalous Hall effect in 3$d$ ferromagnetic metals
Creators: name: Omori, Yasutomo
name: Sagasta, Edurne
name: Niimi, Yasuhiro
name: Gradhand, Martin
name: Hueso, Luis E.
name: Casanova, Felix
name: Otani, YoshiChika
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the mechanisms of the spin Hall effect (SHE) and anomalous Hall effect (AHE) in 3$d$ ferromagnetic metals (Fe, Co, permalloy (Ni$_{81}$Fe$_{19}$; Py), and Ni) by varying their resistivities and temperature. At low temperatures where the phonon scattering is negligible, the skew scattering coefficients of the SHE and AHE in Py are related to its spin polarization. However, this simple relation breaks down for Py at higher temperatures as well as for the other ferromagnetic metals at any temperature. We find that, in general, the relation between the SHE and AHE is more complex, with the temperature dependence of the SHE being much stronger than that of AHE.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Saturn Equation of center, Toledan tables by Pedersen (Fritz S.) (2002) | Type-B (ID n° 288)
Creators: name: Pedersen, Fritz S.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2022
Subjects: Astronomy
History of astronomy
DISHAS
Astronomical table

description: This is a type B edition: A type-B edition corresponds to a critical edition of several table witnesses:
 it is based on several different editions, themselves based on tables from different primary sources.
 A type-B edition can be based on type-A, type-B or type-C editions.
You can find it on the DISHAS project website from this link: https://dishas.obspm.fr/table-edition/288
description: Source: The Toledan Tables, Pedersen (Fritz S.), 2002
A Wilson-Yukawa model with undoubled chiral fermions in 2D
Creators: name: Hernandez, P.
name: Boucaud, Ph.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the fermion spectrum in the strong coupling vortex phase of a lattice fermion-scalar model with a global $U(1)_L\times U(1)_R$, in 2D, in the context of a recently proposed two-cutoff lattice formulation. The fermion doublers are made massive by a strong Wilson-Yukawa coupling, but in contrast with the standard formulation of these models, in which the light fermion spectrum was found to be massive and vectorlike, we find massless undoubled fermions with chiral quantum numbers at finite lattice spacing. When the global symmetry is gauged, this model is expected to give rise to a chiral gauge theory.
description: 34 pages, latex
A simple local expression for the prefactor in transition state theory
Creators: name: Kadkhodaei, Sara
name: van de Walle, Axel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a simple and accurate computational technique to determine the frequency prefactor in harmonic transition state theory without necessitating full phonon density of states (DOS) calculations. The atoms in the system are partitioned into an "active region", where the kinetic process takes place, and an "environment" surrounding the active region. It is shown that the prefactor can be obtained by a partial phonon DOS calculation of the active region with a simple correction term accounting for the environment, under reasonable assumptions regarding atomic interactions. Convergence with respect to the size of the active region is investigated for different systems, as well as the reduction in computational costs when compared to full phonon DOS calculation. Additionally, we provide an open source implementation of the algorithm that can be added as an extension to LAMMPS software.
description: 19 pages, 6 Figures, Supplementary Information with 1 figure
MPEC 2024-C193 : 2024 CQ6
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 CQ6

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Scattering theory of the bifurcation in quantum measurement
Creators: name: Eriksson, Karl-Erik
name: Lindgren, Kristian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We model quantum measurement of a two-level system $μ$. Previous obstacles for understanding the measurement process are removed by basing the analysis of the interaction between $μ$ and the measurement device on quantum field theory. We show how microscopic details of the measurement device can influence the transition to a final state. A statistical analysis of the ensemble of initial states reveals that those initial states that are efficient in leading to a transition to a final state, result in either of the expected eigenstates for $μ$, with probabilities that agree with the Born rule.
description: Change of title and minor revisions of main text and supplemental material; main text 8 pages, 2 figures; supplemental material 9 pages, 2 figures
Losing out on substance but winning procedurally? The European Parliament and accountability in crisis legislation
Creators: name: Dionigi, Maja Kluger
name: Koop, Christel
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Recent studies have found that the European Parliament (EP) had limited substantive influence on the European Union’s response to the European debt crisis. It has been argued that Parliament compensated this loss by expanding its oversight powers over executive bodies in the implementation of crisis legislation. This article systematically assesses the conditions under which the EP has been successful in increasing its account-holding powers, using new data on the accountability provisions included in economic and financial legislation put forward between 2009 and 2014. It is found that Parliament has indeed been more likely to gain oversight powers in crisis legislation. Levels of accountability are also higher in package deals and more salient legislation. The findings here provide a more nuanced picture of Parliament’s inter-institutional gains and losses in recent years and give more insight into the EP’s account-holding role.
Fluorescence decay in aperiodic Frenkel lattices
Creators: name: Dominguez-Adame, Francisco
name: Macia, Enrique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study motion and capture of excitons in self-similar linear systems in which interstitial traps are arranged according to an aperiodic sequence, focusing our attention on Fibonacci and Thue-Morse systems as canonical examples. The decay of the fluorescence intensity following a broadband pulse excitation is evaluated by solving the microscopic equations of motion of the Frenkel exciton problem. We find that the average decay is exponential and depends only on the concentration of traps and the trapping rate. In addition, we observe small-amplitude oscillations coming from the coupling between the low-lying mode and a few high-lying modes through the topology of the lattice. These oscillations are characteristic of each particular arrangement of traps and they are directly related to the Fourier transform of the underlying lattice. Our predictions can be then used to determine experimentally the ordering of traps.
description: REVTeX 3.0 + 3PostScript Figures + epsf.sty (uuencoded). To appear in Physical Review B
Comparison of the $π$ and $Δ$ operator approximations for the two-dimensional t-J model
Creators: name: Park, Youngho
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare the spectra of the new $π$ operator of the SO(5) theory and the conventional $Δ$ operator for the two-dimensional t-J model. We also calculate the weight transferred to the two-hole ground state from half-filling by these operators. We find that the spectra of these operators are quite similar and the weight for the $π$ operator is smaller than the weight for the $Δ$ operator. We argue that the two-dimensional t-J model does not have a good approximate SO(5) symmetry claimed in Ref. 1.
description: 9 latex pages, 3 figures
title: Importance of catchment hydrological processes and calibration of hydrological‐hydrodynamic rainfall‐runoff models in small rural catchments
Creators: name: David, Amrei
name: Rodriguez, Ernesto Ruiz
name: Schmalz, Britta
Publisher: name: John Wiley & Sons
Year: 2024

description: In recent years, many two‐dimensional (2D) hydrodynamic models have been extended to include the direct rainfall method (DRM). This allows their application as a hydrological‐hydrodynamic model for the determination of floodplains in one model system. In previous studies on DRM, the role of catchment hydrological processes (CaHyPro) and its interaction with the calibration process was not investigated in detail. In the present, case‐oriented study, the influence of the spatiotemporal distribution of the processes precipitation and runoff formation in combination with the 2D model HEC‐RAS is investigated. In a further step, a conceptual approach for event‐based interflow is integrated. The study is performed on the basis of a single storm event in a small rural catchment (low mountain range, 38 km²) in Hesse (Germany). The model results are evaluated against six quality criteria and compared to a simplified baseline model. Finally, the calibrated improved model is contrasted with a calibrated baseline model. The results show the enhancement of the model results due to the integration of the CaHyPro and highlight its interplay with the calibrated model parameters.
Conformal wave equations for the Einstein-tracefree matter system
Creators: name: Carranza, Diego A.
name: Hursit, Adem E.
name: Kroon, Juan A. Valiente
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inspired by a similar analysis for the vacuum conformal Einstein field equations by Paetz [Ann. H. Poincaré 16, 2059 (2015)], in this article we show how to construct a system of quasilinear wave equations for the geometric fields associated to the conformal Einstein field equations coupled to matter models whose energy-momentum tensor has vanishing trace. In this case, the equation of conservation for the energy-momentum tensor is conformally invariant. Our analysis includes the construction of a subsidiary evolution system which allows to prove the propagation of the constraints. We discuss how the underlying structure behind these systems of equations is the integrability conditions satisfied by the conformal field equations. The main result of our analysis is that both the evolution and subsidiary equations for the geometric part of the conformal Einstein-tracefree matter field equations close without the need of any further assumption on the matter models other than the vanishing of the trace of the energy-momentum tensor. Our work is supplemented by an analysis of the evolution and subsidiary equations associated to three basic tracefree matter models: the conformally invariant scalar field, the Maxwell field and the Yang-Mills field. As an application we provide a global existence and stability result for de Sitter-like spacetimes. In particular, the result for the conformally coupled scalar field is new in the literature.
description: New version presents an improved analysis after the comments from the journal referee
Altered expression of the core circadian clock component PERIOD2 contributes to osteoarthritis-like changes in chondrocyte activity
Creators: name: Rong, Jing
name: Zhu, Mark
name: Munro, Jacob
name: Cornish, Jillian
name: McCarthy, Geraldine M
name: Dalbeth, Nicola
name: Raewyn C Poulsen
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: In osteoarthritis, chondrocytes undergo a phenotype shift characterised by reduced expression of SOX9 (sry-box 9) and increased production of cartilage-degrading enzymes, e.g. MMP13 (matrix metalloproteinase 13) and ADAMTS5 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5). The chondrocyte clock is also altered. Specifically, the peak level of PER2 is elevated, but peak level of BMAL1 reduced in osteoarthritic chondrocytes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether increased PER2 expression causes disease-associated changes in chondrocyte activity and to identify whether known risk factors for osteoarthritis induce changes in PER2 and BMAL1 expression. Primary human chondrocytes isolated from macroscopically normal cartilage were serum-starved overnight then re-fed with serum-replete media with/without interleukin 1β (IL-1β) (10 ng/mL), hydrogen peroxide (100 µM) or basic calcium phosphate (BCP) crystals (50 µg/mL). Peak level of BMAL1 was lower, whereas PER2 levels remained elevated for longer, in chondrocytes treated with IL-1β, hydrogen peroxide or BCP crystals compared to untreated cells. Levels of SOX9 were lower, whereas levels of ADAMTS5 and MMP13 were higher, in chondrocytes exposed to any of the three treatments compared to untreated cells. Knockdown of PER2 using siRNA partially abrogated the effects of each treatment on chondrocyte phenotype marker expression. Similarly, in chondrocytes isolated from osteoarthritic cartilage PER2 knockdown was associated with increased SOX9, reduced ADAMTS5 and reduced RNA and protein levels of MMP13 indicating partial mitigation of the osteoarthritic phenotype. Conversely, further ablation of BMAL1 expression in osteoarthritic chondrocytes resulted in a further reduction in SOX9 and increase in MMP13 expression. Overexpression of PER2 in the H5 chondrocyte cell line led to increased ADAMTS5 and MMP13 and decreased SOX9 expression. Localised inflammation, oxidative stress and BCP crystal deposition in osteoarthritic joints may contribute to disease pathology by inducing changes in the chondrocyte circadian clock.