cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Deterministic Receptive Processes are Kahn Processes
Creators: name: Edwards, Stephen A.
name: Tardieu, Olivier
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Computer science

description: Deterministic asynchronous concurrent formalisms are valuable because determinism greatly simplifies the design and validation of such systems and most concurrent formalisms are nondeterministic. This paper connects two of the more successful deterministic asynchronous formalisms: Kahn's dataflow networks and Josephs's deterministic receptive processes. The main result: a divergence-free deterministic receptive process is a Kahn process in that it can be modeled by a continuous function from input to output sequences, thus verifying it is compositionally deterministic. This result provides a bridge between two communities, enabling results from the asynchronous digital hardware community to be used in the context of dataflow computation and vice versa.
Sturzrisiko und Frakturhäufigkeit bei postmenopausalen Patientinnnen mit Rheumatoider Arthritis und erniedrigter Knochendichte
Creators: name: Kasch, Katharina
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences Medicine

description: Die Dissertation befasst sich mit dem Sturzrisiko und der Frakturhäufigkeit bei postmenopausalen Patientinnen mit Rheumatoider Arthritis und erniedrigter Knochendichte. Hierbei konnten der erhöhte BMI und Stürze in der Vergangenheit als bedeutendste Einflussfaktoren auf das Sturzrisiko der Patientinnen identifiziert werden. Das Frakturrisiko ist auf Grund der reduzierten Knochendichte und des Struzrisikos in unserem Patientenkollektiv erhöht. Die angewandten Testmethoden zur Einschätzung des Sturzrisikos können gleichzeitig als Trainingseinheit zur Verbesserung der Defizite genutzt werden.
The Case for the Precision Timed (PRET) Machine
Creators: name: Edwards, Stephen A.
name: Lee, Edward A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Computer science

description: It is time for a new era of processors whose temporal behavior is as easily controlled as their logical function. We call them precision timed (PRET) machines. Our basic argument is that real-time systems, in which temporal behavior is as important as logical function, are an important and growing application; processor architecture needs to follow suit.
Painters on the Steeple of the Sag Harbor First Presbyterian Church
Creators: name: Unknown
name: Sag Harbor First Presbyterian Church
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1880
Subjects: Churches
Presbyterian churches
Sag Harbor
Photographs
Organizations
Painting
Painters
Maintenance & repair
Steeples

description: This photograph pre-dates September 1938, when the hurricane destroyed this steeple, but the image is undated. The photograph was found by Ella A. Bates and Sadie B. Patterson per the note on the reverse. The painters' attire is difficult to see, but it does feature full length paints and looser shirts without jackets, making it more likely they're working in the early 20th century rather than the 1860s or 1870s. The steeple's elaborate decorations from Minard LaFever are visible in this image, along with multiple clockfaces.
When Does Non-Negative Matrix Factorization Give a Correct Decomposition into Parts?
Creators: name: Donoho, David L.
name: Stodden, Victoria C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We interpret non-negative matrix factorization geometrically, as the problem of finding a simplicial cone which contains a cloud of data points and which is contained in the positive orthant. We show that under certain conditions, basically requiring that some of the data are spread across the faces of the positive orthant, there is a unique such simplicial cone. We give examples of synthetic image articulation databases which obey these conditions; these require separated support and factorial sampling. For such databases there is a generative model in terms of "parts" and NMF correctly identifies the "parts". We show that our theoretical results are predictive of the performance of published NMF code, by running the published algorithms on one of our synthetic image articulation databases.
Breakdown Point of Model Selection When the Number of Variables Exceeds the Number of Observations
Creators: name: Donoho, David L.
name: Stodden, Victoria C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The classical multivariate linear regression problem assumes p variables X1, X2, ... , Xp and a response vector y, each with n observations, and a linear relationship between the two: y = X beta + z, where z ~ N(0, sigma2). We point out that when p > n, there is a breakdown point for standard model selection schemes, such that model selection only works well below a certain critical complexity level depending on n/p. We apply this notion to some standard model selection algorithms (Forward Stepwise, LASSO, LARS) in the case where pGtn. We find that 1) the breakdown point is well-de ned for random X-models and low noise, 2) increasing noise shifts the breakdown point to lower levels of sparsity, and reduces the model recovery ability of the algorithm in a systematic way, and 3) below breakdown, the size of coefficient errors follows the theoretical error distribution for the classical linear model.
Enabling Xarray extensions with new labeled array-like data structures
Creators: name: Hamman, Joseph
name: Banihirwe, Anderson
name: Barghini, Aureliana
name: Amici, Alessandro
name: Hoyer, Stephan
name: Cherian, Deepak
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Xarray
Proposal
Open Source Software

description: A proposal to develop new labelled array data structures for the scientific Python ecosystem
A Disruptive Computer Design Idea: Architectures with Repeatable Timing
Creators: name: Edwards, Stephen A.
name: Kim, Sungjun
name: Lee, Edward A.
name: Liu, Isaac
name: Patel, Hiren D.
name: Schoeberl, Martin
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Computer science

description: This paper argues that repeatable timing is more important and more achievable than predictable timing. It describes microarchitecture approaches to pipelining and memory hierarchy that deliver repeatable timing and promise comparable or better performance compared to established techniques. Specifically, threads are interleaved in a pipeline to eliminate pipeline hazards, and a hierarchical memory architecture is outlined that hides memory latencies.
Fast l1 Minimization for Genomewide Analysis of mRNA Lengths
Creators: name: Drori, Iddo
name: Stodden, Victoria C.
name: Hurowitz, Evan H.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Application of the virtual northern method to human mRNA allows us to systematically measure transcript length on a genome-wide scale [1]. Characterization of RNA transcripts by length provides a measurement which complements cDNA sequencing. We have robustly extracted the lengths of the transcripts expressed by each gene for comparison with the Unigene, Refseq, and H-Invitational databases [2, 3]. Obtaining an accurate probability for each peak requires performing multiple bootstrap simulations, each involving a deconvolution operation which is equivalent to finding the sparsest non-negative solution of an underdetermined system of equations. This process is computationally intensive for a large number of simulations and genes. In this contribution we present an efficient approximation method which is faster than general purpose solvers by two orders of magnitude, and in practice reduces our processing time from a week to hours.
Tunable Charge and Spin Seebeck Effects in Magnetic Molecular Junctions
Creators: name: Cornaglia, Pablo S.
name: Usaj, Gonzalo
name: Balseiro, C. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the charge and spin Seebeck effects in a spin-1 molecular junction as a function of temperature (T), applied magnetic field (H), and magnetic anisotropy (D) using Wilson's numerical renormalization group. A hard-axis magnetic anisotropy produces a large enhancement of the charge Seebeck coefficient Sc (\sim k_B/|e|) whose value only depends on the residual interaction between quasiparticles in the low temperature Fermi-liquid regime. In the underscreened spin-1 Kondo regime, the high sensitivity of the system to magnetic fields makes it possible to observe a sizable value for the spin Seebeck coefficient even for magnetic fields much smaller than the Kondo temperature. Similar effects can be obtain in C60 junctions where the control parameter is the gap between a singlet and a triplet molecular state.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Minimizing Demand Transmission Service Charges in Optimal Sizing and Scheduling Of Campus Microgrids
Creators: name: Karami, Mahboobeh
Publisher: name: Schulich School of Engineering
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Engineering--Electronics and Electrical

description: Microgrids have paved the way through the exploitation of distributed generation resources and eliminating the requisite of high-duty transmission infrastructure. The study presented in this thesis develops a two-stage optimization problem for the optimal sizing and operation of campus/institutional microgrids considering delivery charges. At the first stage, a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) is implemented to determine the optimal configuration of microgrid which consists of solar Photo-Voltaics (PVs), batteries and microturbines (MTs). The incorporation of delivery charges leads to a significant reduction in transmission charges without sacrificing the power exchange limit. Resulted savings on electricity bill grants the capital investment in microgrid components. In the second stage, a mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) on a rolling horizon basis is formulated for the optimal operation of the microgrid under sizing results obtained in the first stage. Moreover, an efficient Peak Load (PL) hour forecast framework is established to minimize the coincident PL charges. Both volatile and flat electricity price scenarios are studied to investigate the impact of electricity prices on microgrid optimal sizing and operation. In order to test the proposed methodology, University of Calgary main campus is selected as the case study and historical hourly load data are used.
Efficient emulators of computer experiments using compactly supported correlation functions, with an application to cosmology
Creators: name: Kaufman, Cari G.
name: Bingham, Derek
name: Habib, Salman
name: Heitmann, Katrin
name: Frieman, Joshua A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Statistical emulators of computer simulators have proven to be useful in a variety of applications. The widely adopted model for emulator building, using a Gaussian process model with strictly positive correlation function, is computationally intractable when the number of simulator evaluations is large. We propose a new model that uses a combination of low-order regression terms and compactly supported correlation functions to recreate the desired predictive behavior of the emulator at a fraction of the computational cost. Following the usual approach of taking the correlation to be a product of correlations in each input dimension, we show how to impose restrictions on the ranges of the correlations, giving sparsity, while also allowing the ranges to trade off against one another, thereby giving good predictive performance. We illustrate the method using data from a computer simulator of photometric redshift with 20,000 simulator evaluations and 80,000 predictions.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/11-AOAS489 the Annals of Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Efficient Code Generation from SHIM Models
Creators: name: Edwards, Stephen A.
name: Tardieu, Olivier
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Computer science

description: Programming concurrent systems is substantially more difficult than programming sequential systems, yet most embedded systems need concurrency. We believe this should be addressed through higher-level models of concurrency that eliminate many of the usual challenges, such as nondeterminism arising from races. The shim model of computation provides deterministic concurrency, and there already exist ways of implementing it in hardware and software. In this work, we describe how to produce more efficient C code from shim systems. We propose two techniques: a largely mechanical one that produces tail-recursive code for simulating concurrency, and a more clever one that statically analyzes the communication pattern of multiple processes to produce code with far less overhead. Experimentally, we find our tail-recursive technique produces code that runs roughly twice as fast as a baseline; our statically-scheduled code can run up to twelve times faster.
Going Away Hungry: The Economics of Eucharistic Worthiness
Creators: name: Dunn, David J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Religion

description: As a Protestant enquirer into the Orthodox Faith, I was experienced in the all-venerable potluck meal often attached to church services, but the Orthodox Paschal Feast was something else entirely. After standing for hours in a seemingly endless church service, one that began in somber tones and ended in exuberance, I could not help but see the morning meal that followed within the context of that liturgy. In the earliest years of Christianity, the Eucharist often preceded table fellowship. Likewise, our midnight Eucharist seemed to have extended itself into the basketful of meat and cheese and win at the tables in the parish hall. As a teetotaling Protestant, the liberating moderate Christian ‘wind-induced merriment’ I witnessed that night reminded me of the words of Christ at the Last Supper, when he promised to drink of the “fruit of the vine” with his disciples when he had come into his Kingdom. Seeing the joy-filled body of Christ gathered together so early in the morning, one might have thought the Kingdom had already come.
On homotopy types modelized by strict \infty-groupoids
Creators: name: Ara, Dimitri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18D05, 18E35, 18G55, 55P15

description: The purpose of this text is the study of the class of homotopy types which are modelized by strict \infty-groupoids. We show that the homotopy category of simply connected \infty-groupoids is equivalent to the derived category in homological degree greater or equal to 2 of abelian groups. We deduce that the simply connected homotopy types modelized by strict \infty-groupoids are precisely the products of Eilenberg-Mac Lane spaces. We also briefly study 3-categories with weak inverses. We finish by two questions about the problem suggested by the title of this text.
description: 22 pages, in French, v2: Conjecture 7.2 became Question 7.2, references added
A Fuzzy Metric for Currency in the Context of Big Data
Creators: name: Heinrich, Bernd
name: Hristova, Diana
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Data quality, Currency, Metric, Fuzzy inference system, Expert estimations, Big data
subject: 330 Wirtschaft

description: Nowadays, companies rely more than ever on stored data to support decision making. However, outdated data may result in wrong decisions and economic losses. Thus, measuring data currency is extremely important. Existing metrics for currency either assume that their input parameters are given, or estimate them statistically, which may not always be possible in applications and especially in the context of big data. To address this issue, we propose a metric for currency based on expert estimations. The metric is modelled as a fuzzy inference system, which consists of a set of parallel IF-THEN rules with linguistic variables as inputs and output. It thus allows for a well-founded quantification of expert estimations and the consideration of both subjective and objective data. In addition to presenting our metric, we provide methods for estimating its input parameters (age of the considered attribute value and its decline rate). Furthermore, we demonstrate how the fuzzy inference system and thus the metric can be initialised and applied. The presented approach serves as a first step in modelling expert estimations as input to data quality metrics in a well-defined and structured way.
The Dual Receiver Cryptogram and Its Applications
Creators: name: Diament, Ted
name: Lee, Homin K.
name: Keromytis, Angelos D.
name: Yung, Moti
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Computer science

description: We put forth the notion of a dual receiver cryptosystem and implement it based on bilinear pairings over certain elliptic curve groups. The cryptosystem is simple and efficient yet powerful, as it solves two problems of practical importance whose solutions have proven to be elusive before:(1) A provably secure "combined" public-key cryptosystem (with a single secret key per user in space-limited environment) where the key is used for both decryption and signing and where encryption can be escrowed and recovered, while the signature capability never leaves its owner. This is an open problem proposed by the work of Haber and Pinkas. (2) A puzzle is a method for rate-limiting remote users by forcing them to solve a computational task (the puzzle). Puzzles have been based on cryptographic challenges in the past, but the successful design of embedding a useful cryptographic task inside a puzzle, originally posed by Dwork and Naor, remained an open problem till today. We model and present "useful security puzzles" applicable in two scenarios: a secure fileserver, and an online transaction server (such as a webserver).
Heavy Quark Momentum Diffusion Coefficient from Lattice QCD
Creators: name: Banerjee, Debasish
name: Datta, Saumen
name: Gavai, Rajiv
name: Majumdar, Pushan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The momentum diffusion coefficient for heavy quarks is studied in a deconfined gluon plasma in the static approximation by investigating a correlation function of the color electric field using Monte Carlo techniques. The diffusion coefficient is extracted from the long distance behavior of such a correlator. For temperatures Tc < T
description: Minor changes, version to appear in Physical Review D
Defending Embedded Systems with Software Symbiotes
Creators: name: Cui, Ang
name: Stolfo, Salvatore
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Computer science

description: A large number of embedded devices on the internet, such as routers and VOIP phones, are typically ripe for exploitation. Little to no defensive technology, such as AV scanners or IDS's, are available to protect these devices. We propose a host-based defense mechanism, which we call Symbiotic Embedded Machines (SEM), that is specifically designed to inject intrusion detection functionality into the firmware of the device. A SEM or simply the Symbiote, may be injected into deployed legacy embedded systems with no disruption to the operation of the device. A Symbiote is a code structure embedded in situ into the firmware of an embedded system. The Symbiote can tightly co-exist with arbitrary host executables in a mutually defensive arrangement, sharing computational resources with its host while simultaneously protecting the host against exploitation and unauthorized modification. The Symbiote is stealthily embedded in a randomized fashion within an arbitrary body of firmware to protect itself from removal. We demonstrate the operation of a generic whitelist-based rootkit detector Symbiote injected in situ into Cisco IOS with negligible performance penalty and without impacting the routers functionality. We present the performance overhead of a Symbiote on physical Cisco router hardware. A MIPS implementation of the Symbiote was ported to ARM and injected into a Linux 2.4 kernel, allowing the Symbiote to operate within Android and other mobile computing devices. The use of Symbiotes represents a practical and effective protection mechanism for a wide range of devices, especially widely deployed, unprotected, legacy embedded devices.
Constraint on axion-like particles from atomic physics
Creators: name: Karshenboim, S. G.
name: Flambaum, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A possibility to constrain axion-like particles from precision atomic physics is considered.
Improving MIDI-audio alignment with acoustic features
Creators: name: Devaney, Johanna
name: Mandel, Michael I.
name: Ellis, Daniel P. W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Electrical engineering
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper describes a technique to improve the accuracy of dynamic time warping-based MIDI-audio alignment. The technique implements a hidden Markov model that uses aperiodicity and power estimates from the signal as observations and the results of a dynamic time warping alignment as a prior. In addition to improving the overall alignment, this technique also identifies the transient and steady state sections of the note. This information is important for describing various aspects of a musical performance, including both pitch and rhythm.
Gam(bl)ing realities in the new digital era: Epistemological shifts and challenges for public health
Creators: name: Kairouz, Sylvia
Publisher: name: Concordia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Gambling -- Health aspects
subject: Video games -- Health aspects
subject: Gambling Literature

description: Presentation by Dr. Sylvia Kairouz on November 20, 2018 for the Una Ridley Lecture at the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge. Dr. Kairouz is the Research Chair on Gambling in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Concordia University.
Handling Asynchrony in Audio-Score Alignment
Creators: name: Devaney, Johanna
name: Ellis, Daniel P. W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Electrical engineering

description: Aligning a canonical score to an audio recording of a musical performance can provide very good information about the timing of individual notes. However, a score representation frequently treats multiple note events as simultaneous, whereas in reality different performers will start notes at slightly differing times, and these timing details may be significant in the analysis of performance and expression. Using an example of a four-part a cappella vocal piece where each voice was recorded separately, we compare note onset and offset times obtained by manual annotation to three difference types of alignment: forced alignment of each part individually to its corresponding track, simultaneous alignment of the polyphonic score to the full audio, and independent alignment of single parts to the polyphonic audio. In each case, we examine the kinds of errors that occur. We discuss how standard dynamic time warping may be extended so that it retains the advantages of polyphonic alignment while allowing ostensibly simultaneous notes to have different onset and offset times.
Emmaus House and Orthodoxy: Living with the Poor
Creators: name: Demaree-Raboteau, Julia
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Religion

description: In 1963, when Patriarch Maximos ordained Father David Kirk in the Melkite Church of Saint Anne in Jerusalem, he said “You are ordained for the Church of God,” and he added the words, “for the poor, and for the unity of Christians.” These words laid the cornerstone for what was to become Father David’s lifelong ministry as an Orthodox priest, of working side by side with the poor in Harlem, until he died in May of 2007. His legacy lives on through the Emmaus House, a house of hospitality for the poor. In conversations with my husband Albert and I during the last two years of his life, Father David shared the hope that his work would continue to grow and develop after his death and that Orthodox Christians would be inspired to take on this kind of ministry in their service to God.
St. John Chrysostom's Teaching on Neighborly Love
Creators: name: Damian, Theodor
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Religion

description: For the 4th century C.E., St. John Chrysostom was like a flowing of heaven on earth and a source of God’s mercy upon people. A powerful representative of this century, he contributed substantially to the intensification of Christian faith by raising the cultural awareness of his contemporaries. Thus, Chrysostom contributed to the special brilliance of his century/ the so-called golden century of Christianity.
Even during his lifetime, Chrysostom was well known and highly regarded. This is explained by the fact that St. John Chrysostom, maybe more than the other preachers of the Christian faith, combined harmoniously the principles of Christ’s Gospel consistently with his own lifestyle.
title: Ο διατροφικός χάρτης της Μπουρκίνα Φάσο
title: The nutritional map of Burkina Faso
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Μαχαμάντι, Σανφώ
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Δυτικής Αττικής
Year: 2021
Subjects: Διατροφικές συνήθειες
Μπουρκίνα Φάσο
Περιβαλλοντικές συνθήκες
Υποσιτισμός
Διατροφική αξία

description: Η γνώση σχετικά με τις διατροφικές συνήθειες έχει πολλές διαστάσεις. Για παράδειγμα μπορεί να αφορά συγκεκριμένες ηλικίες, μπορεί να σχετίζεται με την τρόπο που αυτές αναπτύσσονται και καθιερώνονται. Ιδιαίτερο ενδιαφέρον έχουν οι περιπτώσεις όπου μελετώνται διατροφικές συνήθεις που επικρατούν σε μια χώρα, μια διαδικασία που περιλαμβάνει διάφορους παράγοντες, κοινωνικούς, οικονομικούς, περιβαλλοντικούς και έχει αποτελέσει πεδίο έρευνας με ένα σημαντικό κομμάτι στην βιβλιογραφία. Μεγάλη σημασία έχουν οι χώρες όπου παρατηρούνται παθήσεις σχετικά με την διατροφή, για παράδειγμα χώρες που μαστίζονται από το ζαχαρώδη διαβήτη τύπου ΙΙ ή από παχυσαρκία ή από έντονο υποσιτισμό. Η προκείμενη εργασία εστιάζει στην καταγραφή των διατροφικών συνηθειών στην Μπουρκίνα Φάσο, μια χώρα της δυτικής Αφρικής με ιδιαίτερα χαρακτηριστικά κλίματος και περιβάλλοντος. Η χώρα αυτή εκτός των άλλων παρουσιάζει έντονο φαινόμενα υποσιτισμού σε μικρές ηλικίες. Βέβαια, πρόκειται για ένα πληθυσμό με διατροφικές συνήθειες που περιλαμβάνουν πλούσιες σε θρεπτική αξία πήγες όμως υπάρχουν παράγοντες που διατηρούν τα προβλήματα της σίτισης σε ανησυχητικά επίπεδα. Οι παράγοντες είναι κοινωνικοί, καθώς μεγάλο ποσοστό του πληθυσμού έχει μικρό εισόδημα, και περιβαλλοντικοί, πρόκειται για μια χώρα χωρίς διέξοδο στη θάλασσα. Η χώρα την διατρέχουν ποτάμια και η παραγωγή βασίζεται ιδιαίτερα στις διακυμάνσεις της θερμοκρασίας και των βροχοπτώσεων. Μετά από την αναζήτηση που έγινε στην διεθνή βιβλιογραφία, αρχικά παρατηρήθηκε πως υπάρχει αρκετή έρευνα γύρω από το ζήτημα της διατροφής στην Μπουρκίνα Φάσο, παρ’ όλα αυτά όλη αυτή η συγκεκριμένη αποκτημένη γνώση χρειάζεται να μετουσιωθεί σε πρακτικές λύσεις για το πρόβλημα της επισιτισμού. Στην εργασία παρατίθεται μερικές από τις βασικές πηγές διατροφής της χώρας. Μες από την αναζήτηση φαίνεται ότι η Μπουρκίνα Φάσο είναι μια χώρα με μια πλούσια παράδοση σε διατροφή με αυξημένα επίπεδα θρεπτικών στοιχείων. Όμως, λόγω των κοινωνικών, οικονομικών και γεωγραφικών συνθηκών που επικρατούν στη χώρα, υπάρχει ακόμη αισθητό το πρόβλημα του υποσιτισμού.
Learning Auditory Models of Machine Voices
Creators: name: Dobson, Kelly
name: Whitman, Brian
name: Ellis, Daniel P. W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Electrical engineering
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Vocal imitation is often found useful in machine therapy sessions as it creates an emphatic relational bridge between human and machine. The feedback of the machine directly responding to the person's imitation can strengthen the trust of this connection. However, vocal imitation of machines often bear little resemblance to the target due to physiological limitations. In practice, we need a way to detect human vocalization of machine sounds that can generalize to new machines. In this study we learn the relationship between vocal imitation of machine sounds and the target sounds to create a predictive model of vocalization of otherwise humanly impossible sounds. After training on a small set of machines and their imitations, we predict the correct target of a new set of imitations with high accuracy. The model outperforms distance metrics between human and machine sounds on the same task and takes into account auditory perception and constraints in vocal expression.
On a move reducing the genus of a knot diagram
Creators: name: Daikoku, Kenji
name: Sakai, Keiichi
name: Takase, Masamichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M25 (Primary) 68R15 (Secondary)

description: For a knot diagram we introduce an operation which does not increase the genus of the diagram and does not change its representing knot type. We also describe a condition for this operation to certainly decrease the genus. The proof involves the study of a relation between the genus of a virtual knot diagram and the genus of a knotoid diagram, the former of which has been introduced by Stoimenow, Tchernov and Vdovina, and the latter by Turaev recently. Our operation has a simple interpretation in terms of Gauss codes and hence can easily be computer-implemented.
description: 12 pages, 12 figures, to appear in Indiana University Mathematics Journal
Fundamental Limits of Classical and Quantum Imaging
Creators: name: Pérez-Delgado, Carlos A.
name: Pearce, Mark E.
name: Kok, Pieter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum imaging promises increased imaging performance over classical protocols. However, there are a number of aspects of quantum imaging that are not well understood. In particular, it has so far been unknown how to compare classical and quantum imaging procedures. Here, we consider classical and quantum imaging in a single theoretical framework and present general fundamental limits on the resolution and the deposition rate for classical and quantum imaging. The resolution can be estimated from the image itself. We present a utility function that allows us to compare imaging protocols in a wide range of applications.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures; accepted for Physical Review Letters, with updated title and fixed typos
Eugenics in Comparative Perspective: Explaining Manitoba and Alberta’s Divergence on Eugenics Policy, 1910s to the 1930s
Creators: name: Kurbegović, Erna
Publisher: name: Arts
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: History--Canadian
subject: History of Science
subject: Biophysics--Medical

description: This dissertation compares eugenics in Alberta and Manitoba in order to explain their divergence on sexual sterilization policy. Alberta implemented a Sexual Sterilization Act in 1928, while Manitoba rejected similar legislation in 1933. This thesis shows that Manitobans actively engaged with national and international discussions and debates about eugenics despite a lack of an official eugenics program. Eugenics was hardly monolithic and by focusing attention only on provinces with formal eugenics programs, historians miss how eugenic ideas manifested themselves in provinces without sterilization legislation, for example in mental institutions, in educational programs, and in child welfare policies. Lack of legislation does not necessarily mean that there was a lack of enthusiasm for eugenic measures. This dissertation brings a comparative aspect to the history of eugenics in Canada and demonstrates the ways in which eugenic policy was influenced at various levels by an emerging professional class of psychiatrists, by grassroots organizations, by religious groups, and by the unique local conditions including demographic, cultural, and political factors. I argue that Manitoba and Alberta shared similar concerns about “race degeneration,” “defective” immigrants, and the economic costs of running institutions, but there were important subtle differences in the political contexts of the two provinces. These differences served to empower the opposition elements to sexual sterilization in Manitoba, while in Alberta it served to empower grassroots organizations that were adjacent to the government, and at the same time weaken any political critics. A comparative perspective is valuable in understanding the history of eugenics in Canada especially because of regional differences but more importantly because each province has its own historical, social, and political traditions that help illuminate their distinct approaches to eugenics. The importance of a comparative perspective to the history of eugenics in Manitoba and Alberta is that it gives us insight into the political and cultural debates that occurred during the interwar period in order to better understand the forces at play and discussions regarding eugenics.
Multimodal segmentation of lifelog data
Creators: name: Doherty, Aiden R.
name: Smeaton, Alan F.
name: Lee, Keansub
name: Ellis, Daniel P. W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Electrical engineering
Information science

description: A personal lifelog of visual and audio information can be very helpful as a human memory augmentation tool. The SenseCam, a passive wearable camera, used in conjunction with an iRiver MP3 audio recorder, will capture over 20,000 images and 100 hours of audio per week. If used constantly, very soon this would build up to a substantial collection of personal data. To gain real value from this collection it is important to automatically segment the data into meaningful units or activities. This paper investigates the optimal combination of data sources to segment personal data into such activities. 5 data sources were logged and processed to segment a collection of personal data, namely: image processing on captured SenseCam images; audio processing on captured iRiver audio data; and processing of the temperature, white light level, and accelerometer sensors onboard the SenseCam device. The results indicate that a combination of the image, light and accelerometer sensor data segments our collection of personal data better than a combination of all 5 data sources. The accelerometer sensor is good for detecting when the user moves to a new location, while the image and light sensors are good for detecting changes in wearer activity within the same location, as well as detecting when the wearer socially interacts with others.
An Analysis of Rogue AV Campaigns
Creators: name: Cova, Marco
name: Leita, Corrado
name: Thonnard, Olivier
name: Keromytis, Angelos D.
name: Dacier, Marc
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Computer science

description: Rogue antivirus software has recently received extensive attention, justified by the diffusion and efficacy of its propagation. We present a longitudinal analysis of the rogue antivirus threat ecosystem, focusing on the structure and dynamics of this threat and its economics. To that end, we compiled and mined a large dataset of characteristics of rogue antivirus domains and of the servers that host them. The contributions of this paper are threefold. Firstly, we offer the first, to our knowledge, broad analysis of the infrastructure underpinning the distribution of rogue security software by tracking 6,500 malicious domains. Secondly, we show how to apply attack attribution methodologies to correlate campaigns likely to be associated to the same individuals or groups. By using these techniques, we identify 127 rogue security software campaigns comprising 4,549 domains. Finally, we contextualize our findings by comparing them to a different threat ecosystem, that of browser exploits. We underline the profound difference in the structure of the two threats, and we investigate the root causes of this difference by analyzing the economic balance of the rogue antivirus ecosystem. We track 372,096 victims over a period of 2 months and we take advantage of this information to retrieve monetization insights. While applied to a specific threat type, the methodology and the lessons learned from this work are of general applicability to develop a better understanding of the threat economies.
Dataset 1. Archaeological glass finds from Estonia
Creators: name: Reppo, Monika
Publisher: name: Tartu Ülikool, Ajaloo ja arheoloogia instituut, arheoloogia osakond
Year: 2023
Subjects: glass
material culture
consumption studies
post-medieval archaeology

description: The purpose of collecting this data was to obtain information about the consumption of glass in Estonia with the emphasis on consumption in Tallinn, Haapsalu, and Pärnu and its changes during the post-medieval period. This dataset of finds is intended for researchers as a basis to build upon and does not contain a complete list of all glass finds. The data in this dataset were collected by Monika Reppo using archaeological finds kept at Estonian History Museum Foundation, Foundation of Haapsalu and Läänemaa Museums, Hiiumaa Museums Foundation, Pärnu Museum Foundation, Tallinn City Museum, Tallinn University archaeological Research Collection, Tartu Town Museum, University of Tartu Archaeological Research Collections, and Viljandi Museum as part of a University of Tartu PhD project ‘Glass and its makers in post-medieval Estonia’ from 2017-2023. This dataset consists of a single table which is one of three datasets in this PhD project.
Large and homogeneous mass enhancement in the rattling-induced superconductor KOs$_2$O$_6$
Creators: name: Terashima, Taichi
name: Kurita, Nobuyuki
name: Kiswandhi, Andhika
name: Choi, Eun-Sang
name: Brooks, James S.
name: Sato, Kota
name: Yamaura, Jun-ichi
name: Hiroi, Zenji
name: Harima, Hisatomo
name: Uji, Shinya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have determined the Fermi surface in KOs$_2$O$_6$ ($T_c$ = 9.6 K and $B_{c2} \sim$ 32 T) via de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) oscillation measurements and a band structure calculation. We find effective masses up to 26(1) $m_e$ ($m_e$ is the free electron mass), which are unusually heavy for compounds where the mass enhancement is mostly due to electron-phonon interactions. Orbit-resolved mass enhancement parameters $λ_{dHvA}$ are large but fairly homogeneous, concentrated in the range 5 -- 8. We discuss origins of the large homogeneous mass enhancement in terms of rattling motion of the K ions.
description: Minor revisions, Fig.2a modified
title: Геоурбанистика
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: Северо-Кавказский федеральный университет
Year: 2024

description: Практикум содержит теоретический и практический материал для выполнения практических работ по одноименной дисциплине. Предназначен для студентов, обучающихся по направлению подготовки 05.03.02 География, направленности (профилю) «Территориальное планирование устойчивого развития региона».
Statewide Gambling Prevalence in Maryland: 2017
Creators: name: Tracy, J. Kathleen
name: Maranda, Louise
name: Scheele, Christina
Publisher: name: Maryland Center of Excellence on Problem Gambling
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Gambing -- Maryland
subject: Compulsive gambling -- Maryland
subject: Gambling Literature

description: Funding provided by Maryland Department of Health, Behavioral Health Administration
description: This survey of Maryland households was conducted between August and October of 2017 to assess changes in gambling prevalence in the Maryland population following introduction of casino gambling in 2010. The goal was to obtain updated information about gambling behavior among Marylanders, particularly disordered gambling behavior, and compare 2017 data with results from the baseline evaluation carried out in 2010. With this second iteration of the statewide telephone survey, the state can gain insights about the evolution of disordered gambling after the opening six casinos.
Finding similar acoustic events using matching pursuit and locality-sensitive hashing
Creators: name: Cotton, Courtenay Valentine
name: Ellis, Daniel P. W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Electrical engineering
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: There are many applications for the ability to find repetitions of perceptually similar sound events in generic audio recordings. We explore the use of matching pursuit (MP) derived features to identify repeated patterns that characterize distinct acoustic events. We use locality-sensitive hashing (LSH) to efficiently search for similar items. We describe a method for detecting repetitions of events, and demonstrate performance on real data.
Einfluss der Detektion von Extrasystolen im Elektrokardiogramm auf die Schätzung von Parametern der Herzfrequenzvariabilität : (Ergebnisse der populationsbasierten CARLA-Studie)
Creators: name: Sauerbier, Frank
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610

description: In großen bevölkerungsbasierten Studien ist die manuelle Auswertung von EKGs aufwändig und kostspielig, und daher eine automatische Verarbeitung wünschenswert. Die Empfindlichkeit der Beat-Erkennung durch solche Programme für HRV-Berechnungen wurde jedoch bei großen Studien kaum untersucht. Hier wird berichtet, wie die Falsch-Erkennung von nicht-normalen Herzschlägen die Berechnung der HRV-Parameter und deren Zusammenhang mit kardiovaskulären Risikofaktoren beeinflusst. Die Schlag-Typen in Kurzzeit-EKGs der bevölkerungsbasierten Kohortenstudie CARLA wurden mit dem Algorithmus MEANS sowie manuell durch geschultes medizinisches Personal analysiert. Sensitivität, Spezifität und PPV von MEANS zur Erkennung der Typen wurden im Vergleich zur manuellen Methode berechnet. Die Assoziation der HRV mit den Risikofaktoren Alter, Geschlecht, Diabetes mellitus und Myokardinfarkt wurde durch lineare Regression berechnet und mit Hilfe von Bootstrapping verglichen. Die gemittelte Empfindlichkeit von MEANS bei der Erkennung nicht-normaler Schläge beträgt 76% und ist bei der Typisierung von SVES besonders niedrig. Die Assoziation der HRV mit Risikofaktoren unterscheidet sich zwischen den beiden Methoden nicht wesentlich. Automatisierte EKG-Beat-Klassifizierungsprogramme wie MEANS können daher für die Analyse von HRV-Parametern in großen bevölkerungsbezogenen Studien geeignet sein.
description: In large population-based studies the manual evaluation of ECGs is elaborately and costly. Therefore, an automated processing is desirable. However, the sensitivity of beat recognition by such programs for HRV calculations has barely been investigated within those large studies. Here is reported how the false detection of non-normal heart beats influences the calculation of HRV parameters and their association with cardiovascular risk factors. The beat types in short-term ECGs of the population-based cohort study CARLA were analyzed by an algorithm MEANS and manually checked by trained medical staff. Sensitivity, specificity and PPV of MEANS in detecting heart beat types were calculated in comparison to the manual method. The association of HRV with the risk factors age, sex, diabetes mellitus and myocardial infarction were calculated by linear regression and compared by making use of bootstrapping. The averaged sensitivity of MEANS in detecting non-normal beats is 76%, and is especially low in typifying SVES. The association of HRV with risk factors does not differ substantially between the two methods. Consequently, automated ECG beat classification programs such as MEANS can be suitable for determining and analyzing HRV parameters in large population-based studies.
Killing the Myth of Cisco IOS Diversity: Recent Advances in Reliable Shellcode Design
Creators: name: Cui, Ang
name: Kataria, Jatin
name: Stolfo, Salvatore
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Computer science

description: IOS firmware diversity, the unintended consequence of a complex firmware compilation process, has historically made reliable exploitation of Cisco routers difficult. With approximately 300,000 unique IOS images in existence, a new class of version-agnostic shellcode is needed in order to make the large-scale exploitation of Cisco IOS possible. We show that such attacks are now feasible by demonstrating two different reliable shellcodes which will operate correctly over many Cisco hardware platforms and all known IOS versions. We propose a novel two-phase attack strategy against Cisco routers and the use of offline analysis of existing IOS images to defeat IOS firmware diversity. Furthermore, we discuss a new IOS rootkit which hijacks all interrupt service routines within the router and its ability to use intercept and modify process-switched packets just before they are scheduled for transmission. This ability allows the attacker to use the payload of innocuous packets, like ICMP, as a covert command and control channel. The same mechanism can be used to stealthily exfiltrate data out of the router, using response packets generated by the router itself as the vehicle. We present the implementation and quantitative reliability measurements by testing both shellcode algorithms against a large collection of IOS images. As our experimental results show, the techniques proposed in this paper can reliably inject command and control capabilities into arbitrary IOS images in a version-agnostic manner. We believe that the technique presented in this paper overcomes an important hurdle in the large-scale, reliable rootkit execution within Cisco IOS. Thus, effective host-based defense for such routers is imperative for maintaining the integrity of our global communication infrastructures.
Ferromagnetism and orbital order in a topological ferroelectric
Creators: name: Scarrozza, Marco
name: Filippetti, Alessio
name: Fiorentini, Vincenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore via density functional calculations the magnetic doping of a topological ferroelectric as an unconventional route to multiferroicity. Vanadium doping of the layered perovskite La$_{2}$Ti$_{2}$O$_{7}$ largely preserves electric polarization and produces robust ferromagnetic order, hence proper multiferroicity. The marked tendency of dopants to cluster into chains results in an insulating character at generic doping. Ferromagnetism stems from the symmetry breaking of the multi-orbital V system via an unusual "antiferro"-orbital order, and from the host's low-symmetry layered structure.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures; Physical Review Letters 109, in print (2012)