cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Rural Money Markets in India.
Creators: name: Ghatak, Subrata
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1972

description: In this thesis I seek to analyse some major characteristics of the Indian rural money market between the early 1950's and late 1960's. The Indian rural money market is distinguished by its duality, with the unorganized sector largely dominating the supply of funds even to-day. On the demand side, the pattern of debt and borrrowing has remained roughly the same during the period studied. Capital expenditure rather than family expenditure seemed to be the more significant variable affecting credit demand. This is reflected in the correlation found between higher levels of debt/borrowing and larger capital expenditure. The most important form of security against which loans were either borrowed or outstanding was personal. Seasonality was observed in debt and borrowing. The modal range of rural interest rates in India was found to be between 18 and 25 per cent, (which is considerably less than many commentators have implied). Rural interest rates are largely explained by risk and uncertainty rather than by the monopoly power of money-lenders, though monopoly profit may have existed in some cases. Statistical tests showed positive correlation between income of farmers and re-payments and negative correlation between the interest rate, on the one hand, and income, repayments and monetization on the other. A rise in farm income, thus, may reduce the risk-premium and, therefore, rural rates. In the organized sector, the primary credit co-operative societies mostly fail to satisfy the various criteria of financial viability, though in some states their progress was not unsatisfactory. The major defects in their working were poor quality of loan administration leading to rising overdues, bad management and failure to mobilise rural savings and link credit to marketing. The total size of the two sectors of the rural money market and the links between them were difficult to measure in the absence of reliable data. Rough estimates tentatively suggested a slow fall in the size of the unorganized market and tenuous but perhaps slowly growing links between the sectors. For example, bazaar rates were found to be influenced by lagged Bank Rate. The existing policies for developing these links are criticised and some methods are suggested for further integration. These include the development of co-operative paper, improving the quality of hundis, and the development of a multi-agency approach which would foster productive use of loans. Successful prosecution of these policies would lend to a rise in farm incomes. It may be suggested that this will reduce the rural interest rate.
Vanishing of Quadratic Love Numbers of Schwarzschild Black Holes
Creators: name: Iteanu, Simon
name: Riva, Massimiliano Maria
name: Santoni, Luca
name: Savić, Nikola
name: Vernizzi, Filippo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The induced conservative tidal response of self-gravitating objects in general relativity is parametrized in terms of a set of coefficients, which are commonly referred to as Love numbers. For asymptotically-flat black holes in four spacetime dimensions, the Love numbers are notoriously zero in the static regime. In this work, we show that this result continues to hold upon inclusion of nonlinearities in the theory for Schwarzschild black holes. We first solve the quadratic Einstein equations in the static limit to all orders in the multipolar expansion, including both even and odd perturbations. We show that the second-order solutions take simple analytic expressions, generically expressible in the form of finite polynomials. We then define the quadratic Love numbers at the level of the point-particle effective field theory. By performing the matching with the full solution in general relativity, we show that quadratic Love number coefficients are zero to all orders in the derivative expansion, like the linear ones.
description: 55 pages, 3 figures v2: corrected typos and added references
title: Juristic Techniques in the Supreme Court of India (1950-1971) in Some Selected Areas of Public and Personal Law.
Creators: name: Dhavan, Rajeev
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1972

description: This thesis is about the decision-making habits of the Indian Judge and in particular the judges who served in the Supreme Court of India from 1950 to 1971. The approach adopted has been to consider the predicament of the lawyer and the judge in India in the last two decades, sketch the background of the Indian Supreme Court judges (Chapter I) and briefly survey the manner in which Indian judges have interpreted and adapted the juristic techniques inherited from the British to suit Indian needs (Chapter II). The question posed in these earlier chapters is : "Do Indian judges - the Supreme Court being used as a model - deciding complicated issues of law and fact, rely solely on their western training or do they also receive theoretical inspiration, instinctive or otherwise, from indigenous sources ?" The technique followed has been not to try to analyse each one of the five thousand odd reported cases decided by the Supreme Court since 1950, but to select certain branches of Public and Personal law, attempt to show the techniques used as well as the sources relied on by the judges and contrast their actual performance against the options and possibilities open to the Court. The areas concentrated on are : the constitutional rights to property (Chapter III); preventive detention and public order (Chapter IV); the Hindu joint family (Chapter V); the pious obligation of a Hindu son to pay his father's debts, the legal incidences attendant to the adoption of a Hindu son, and the property rights of Hindu Women (Chapter VI); "Obscenity", Contempt of Court, Official Secrecy, cow slaughter and religious rights and certain aspects of labour law (Chapter VII). The last Chapter attempts to answer the problem posed at the beginning of the thesis.
A method for measuring deviation from Lambert diffuse scattering law of ultracold neutrons on material walls
Creators: name: Grigoriev, P. D.
name: Kochev, V. D.
name: Tsyplukhin, V. A.
name: Dyugaev, A. M.
name: Polishchuk, I. Ya.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Modeling the motion of ultracold neutrons (UCNs) is crucial for assessing their losses, accurately measuring their lifetime, and describing other experiments. In material traps, it is necessary to account not only for specular but also for diffuse elastic reflection of UCNs from the trap walls. Typically, the Lambert cosine law is used to describe the angular distribution of diffusely scattered neutrons. However, this law lacks a rigorous theoretical derivation and is often violated. In our work, we propose an experiment to measure the deviation of the angular distribution of UCNs during diffuse scattering from the Lambert law. This deviation can be determined by the difference in the number of neutrons exiting through the central and end windows of a long narrow UCN trap. Monte Carlo simulations corresponding to a possible experiment have been performed, demonstrating a significant effect for different trap geometries.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, accepted in Pisma v ZhETF vol. 120, issue 12
ATLAS Run 2 searches for electroweak production of supersymmetric particles interpreted within the pMSSM
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A summary of the constraints from searches performed by the ATLAS Collaboration for the electroweak production of charginos and neutralinos is presented. Results from eight separate ATLAS searches are considered, each using 140 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton data at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}$=13 TeV collected at the Large Hadron Collider during its second data-taking run. The results are interpreted in the context of the 19-parameter phenomenological minimal supersymmetric standard model, where R-parity conservation is assumed and the lightest supersymmetric particle is assumed to be the lightest neutralino. Constraints from previous electroweak, flavour and dark matter related measurements are also considered. The results are presented in terms of constraints on supersymmetric particle masses and are compared with limits from simplified models. Also shown is the impact of ATLAS searches on parameters such as the dark matter relic density and the spin-dependent and spin-independent scattering cross-sections targeted by direct dark matter detection experiments. The Higgs boson and Z boson `funnel regions', where a low-mass neutralino would not oversaturate the dark matter relic abundance, are almost completely excluded by the considered constraints. Example spectra for non-excluded supersymmetric models with light charginos and neutralinos are also presented.
description: 57 pages in total, author list starting page 40, 17 figures, 6 tables. Published in JHEP. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/SUSY-2020-15
Modelling_uncertainty_in_COPD_R2_-_Appendix_2_online_supp – Supplemental material for How to Address Uncertainty in Health Economic Discrete-Event Simulation Models: An Illustration for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Creators: name: Ramos, Isaac Corro
name: Hoogendoorn, Martine
name: Mölken, Maureen P. M. H. Rutten-Van
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 111708 Health and Community Services
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified
subject: 160807 Sociological Methodology and Research Methods
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Supplemental material, Modelling_uncertainty_in_COPD_R2_-_Appendix_2_online_supp for How to Address Uncertainty in Health Economic Discrete-Event Simulation Models: An Illustration for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by Isaac Corro Ramos, Martine Hoogendoorn and Maureen P. M. H. Rutten-van Mölken in Medical Decision Making
Mimicking the Maestro: Exploring the Efficacy of a Virtual AI Teacher in Fine Motor Skill Acquisition
Creators: name: Mulian, Hadar
name: Shlomov, Segev
name: Limonad, Lior
name: Noccaro, Alessia
name: Buscaglione, Silvia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Motor skills, especially fine motor skills like handwriting, play an essential role in academic pursuits and everyday life. Traditional methods to teach these skills, although effective, can be time-consuming and inconsistent. With the rise of advanced technologies like robotics and artificial intelligence, there is increasing interest in automating such teaching processes using these technologies, via human-robot and human-computer interactions. In this study, we examine the potential of a virtual AI teacher in emulating the techniques of human educators for motor skill acquisition. We introduce an AI teacher model that captures the distinct characteristics of human instructors. Using a Reinforcement Learning environment tailored to mimic teacher-learner interactions, we tested our AI model against four guiding hypotheses, emphasizing improved learner performance, enhanced rate of skill acquisition, and reduced variability in learning outcomes. Our findings, validated on synthetic learners, revealed significant improvements across all tested hypotheses. Notably, our model showcased robustness across different learners and settings and demonstrated adaptability to handwriting. This research underscores the potential of integrating Reinforcement Learning and Imitation Learning models with robotics in revolutionizing the teaching of critical motor skills.
description: arXiv admin note: The first version of this paper has been removed by arXiv administrators as the submitter did not have the right to agree to the license at the time of submission. This version resolves the rights issue, includes two additional authors, and is cleared to go public
Magnetic contrast layers with functional SiO2 coatings for soft matter studies with polarised neutron reflectometry
Creators: name: Dikaia, Olga
name: Luchini, Alessandra
name: Nylander, Tommy
name: Grunin, Alexei
name: Vorobiev, Alexei
name: Goikhman, Alexandr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This study introduces silicon substrates with a switchable magnetic contrast layer (MCL) for polarised neutron reflectometry experiments (PNR) at solid/liquid interface to study soft matter surface layers. The advantage with neutron reflectometry (NR) data is that structural and compositional information can be enhanced by using different isotopic contrast on the same sample. This approach is normally referred to as contrast matching, which can be achieved by using solvents with different isotopic contrast, e. g. different H2O/D2O ratio, and/or by selective deuteration of the molecules. However, some soft matter system might be perturbed by this approach, or it might not be possible, particularly for biological samples. In this scenario, solid substrates with a MCL are an appealing alternative, as the magnetic contrast with the substrate can be used to partially recover the information on the sample structure. More specifically, in this study, a magnetically soft Fe layer coated with SiO2 was produced by ion-beam sputter deposition on silicon substrates of different sizes. The structure was evaluated using XRR, AFM, VSM, and PNR. The collected data showed high quality and repeatability of the MCL parameters, regardless of the substrate size and thickness of the capping SiO2 layers. As compared to other kinds of substrates with MCL layer previously proposed, which used Au capping layer, the SiO2 capping layer allows to reproduce the typical surface of standard silicon substrate used for NR experiment and compatible with a large variety of soft matter samples. We demonstrated such application, by using ready-to-measure 50*50*10 mm3 substrates in PNR experiments for the characterisation of a lipid bilayer in a single solvent contrast. Overall, the article highlights the potential of PNR with MCL for investigation of soft matter samples.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables
Effects of Chemical Pressure on Superconductivity in Electrochemically Intercalated (TMA)yFe2(Se1-xSx)2 (TMA = Tetramethylammonium)
Creators: name: Lammer, Nadine
name: Werhahn, Dominik
name: Johrendt, Dirk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The beta-modification of FeSe, which has an anti-PbO type structure, achieves superconductivity at 8 K without external doping or pressure and exhibits a nematic phase, which has been crucial for studies of unconventional pairing mechanisms. Although the critical temperature (Tc) in FeSe increases significantly with applied pressure, intercalation, and in thin films, the effect of replacing selenium with sulfur in FeSe1-xSx has remained unclear. To investigate the effects of chemical pressure, we have synthesized FeSe1-xSx crystals (up to x = 0.52) and intercalated them with tetramethylammonium ions (TMA+). Our results show that both Tc and unit cell volume decrease linearly with sulfur content in both host and intercalated (TMA)yFe2(Se1-xSx)2. The unexpected common rate of normalized decrease of Tc suggests that chemical pressure affects the electron-doped intercalates in the same way as the host compounds. This result highlights the unique role of chemical pressure and electron doping in tuning superconductivity in FeSe systems and provides new insights into their complex behavior.
description: 21 Pages, 7 Figures
title: Safeguards of Liberty in the Indian Penal Code: Theory and Practice.
Creators: name: Dhagamwar, Vasudha Vasanti
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1972

description: This thesis is concerned with certain provisions of the Indian Penal Code, viz., the sections on Abduction, Kidnapping, Rape and Slavery. In this thesis we have examined these sections of the Penal Code (Chapter III) and the case law under them, (Chapter IV - V) in order to support the proposition that there is a wide gap between the intention with which law makers frame their laws, and their effect when these laws are actually applied; and that this is so because of various factors, in particular the difference in social attitudes towards certain crimes, the offenders and their victims. The Penal Code was an ideal choice to illustrate this proposition. It was drafted more than one hundred years ago by the alien rulers of a large country, which sheltered a variety of cultures and ethical codes of conduct, of which they were largely ignorant- (Chapters I - II). Secondly, both at home and elsewhere the British were then inclined to assume that the values acceptable to their middle-class were also accepted by the less privileged sections of any society. We have tried to demonstrate the falsity of this premise, (Chapters IV - VII), and to show that, when the British attempted to impose their middle-class morality upon India, wherever Indian societies rejected it, the laws based upon this morality were quietly but unmistakably rendered ineffective. This was the case with laws dealing with sexual offences and laws dealing with slavery. We have tried to show that it is necessary to do more research into social conditions before passing laws than appears to be done today in India. It is equally necessary to see that people do not reduce these laws to a dead letter, once the government have seen fit to enact them; for passing a law, by itself, achieves nothing.
Supplementary_Material_revised – Supplemental material for Longitudinal Medication Adherence in Older Adults With Multimorbidity and Association With Health Care Utilization: Results From the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing
Creators: name: Walsh, Caroline A.
name: Caitriona Cahir
name: Bennett, Kathleen E.
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 111599 Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Supplemental material, Supplementary_Material_revised for Longitudinal Medication Adherence in Older Adults With Multimorbidity and Association With Health Care Utilization: Results From the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing by Caroline A. Walsh, Caitriona Cahir and Kathleen E. Bennett in Annals of Pharmacotherapy
title: Extra-Constitutional Action in Pakistan.
Creators: name: Choudhury, Zaharul Islam
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1972

description: The purpose of this work has been to consider the three major constitutional breakdowns which took place in Pakistan, viz., the dissolution of the first Constituent Assembly by the Governor-General in October, 1954, the abrogation of the Constitution of 1956 and declaration of martial law by the President in October, 1958, and the abrogation of the Constitution of 1962 and declaration of martial law by the Commander-in-Chief of the Army in March, 1969. In order to put them in proper perspective a general survey of the constitutional development in Pakistan since independence till about the middle of 1971 had to be made. But the main focus of the deliberations, however, has been on the background of the actions taken on those three occasions and the conququent constitutional and legal implications in the subsequent development. In the first chapter a general introduction describes the constitutional position of Pakistan at independence, followed, in Chapter II, by a discussion on the composition and function of the first Constituent Assembly and its endeavour to draft a constitution for the country. Chapter III deals with the dissolution of the Assembly by the Governor-General and his attempt to promulgate a constitution by decree, and the Courts' views of the Governor-General's action. In Chapter IV an analysis of the crisis has been made with a view to identifying the real grounds that led the Governor-General to act, as he acted. The circumstances preceding the abrogation of the Constitution of 1956 and martial law in 1958 have been discussed in Chapter V, followed, in Chapter VI, by consideration of the functioning of the martial law administration and the Courts' view of the situation. Chapter VII deals with a reflection on the President's action and the extent of his responsibility for the breakdown. The statutory and constitutional progress made during the martial law period (1958-1962) have been dealt with in Chapter VIII. The promulgation and working of the 1962 Constitution have been discussed in Chapter IX, while Chapter X discusses the reaction and political movement against that Constitution. Chapter XI deals with the abrogation of the Constitution and the declaration of martial law in 1969, together with the measures taken by the military regime to restore constitutional rule. In Chapter XII, cases arising out of the similar situations in other Commonwealth countries as decided by their Courts, where leading Pakistani cases were cited, have (been discussed. In the concluding chapter justification bf, and objections to, the actions have been considered, and the prospect of democracy and constitutional rule, in the conditions prevailing before the India-Pakistan war in December, 1971, has been generally discussed.
Evolving Horizons in Radiotherapy Auto-Contouring: Distilling Insights, Embracing Data-Centric Frameworks, and Moving Beyond Geometric Quantification
Creators: name: Wahid, Kareem A.
name: Cardenas, Carlos E.
name: Marquez, Barbara
name: Netherton, Tucker J.
name: Kann, Benjamin H.
name: Court, Laurence E.
name: He, Renjie
name: Naser, Mohamed A.
name: Moreno, Amy C.
name: Fuller, Clifton D.
name: Fuentes, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Deep learning has significantly advanced the potential for automated contouring in radiotherapy planning. In this manuscript, guided by contemporary literature, we underscore three key insights: (1) High-quality training data is essential for auto-contouring algorithms; (2) Auto-contouring models demonstrate commendable performance even with limited medical image data; (3) The quantitative performance of auto-contouring is reaching a plateau. Given these insights, we emphasize the need for the radiotherapy research community to embrace data-centric approaches to further foster clinical adoption of auto-contouring technologies.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
Determination of the Equation of State from Nuclear Experiments and Neutron Star Observations
Creators: name: Tsang, Chun Yuen
name: Tsang, ManYee Betty
name: Lynch, William G.
name: Kumar, Rohit
name: Horowitz, Charles J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With recent advances in neutron star observations, major progress has been made in determining the pressure of neutron star matter at high density. This pressure is constrained by the neutron star deformability, determined from gravitational waves emitted in a neutron-star merger, and measurements of radii of two neutron stars, using a new X-ray observatory on the International Space Station. Previous studies have relied on nuclear theory calculations to provide the equation of state at low density. Here we use a combination of 15 constraints composed of three astronomical observations and twelve nuclear experimental constraints that extend over a wide range of densities. Bayesian Inference is then used to obtain a comprehensive nuclear equation of state. This data-centric result provides benchmarks for theoretical calculations and modeling of nuclear matter and neutron stars. Furthermore, it provides insights on the composition of neutron stars and their cooling via neutrino radiation.
title: Nadir Shah.
Creators: name: Lockhart, Laurence
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1935

description: This thesis is historical rather than biographical. The story of Nadir's life, after his rise to power, is to so large an extent that of Iran as well that it has been necessary to relate the history of that country during the period of Nadir's prominence; further, I have had to give, in outline, the course of events in adjacent countries, in so far as this was affected by Nadir's policy and acts. Ranging as he did from beyond Qars in the west to Delhi in the east, threatening Russia for a time from Daghistan, and seeking dominion in Turkistan and in Arabia, Nadir was undeniably a figure of great international importance for several years. In compiling the thesis, I have utilised, as far as possible, purely contemporary authorities. When describing important events, I have endeavoured to draw my facts from more than one source; in fact, I have, throughout, sought to coordinate the Iranian and other authorities available. I have tried to be strictly impartial, neither seeking to gloss over Nadir's illdeeds nor to magnify his good actions. In the course of my investigations, I was fortunate enough to come upon a fairly considerable amount of hitherto unutilised material, notably, at the India Office and the Public Record Office. Events have been recorded chronologically, except in the last chapter where, in the appraisement of Nadir's qualities, I found that some recapitulation was necessary. I have devoted some space to the activities and tribulations of the East India Company and of the Russia Company but, in order not to cumber the main narrative unduly, I have included in an appendix the bulk of the information respecting these two Companies. Besides giving a bibliographical introduction, I have compiled a bibliography of the sources consulted, and I have had a series of maps prepared.
The Braids on your Blanket
Creators: name: Cheng, Michelle
name: Laugwitz, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: History and Overview (math.HO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 00A66 (Primary) 00-01, 20F36, 57K10 (Secondary)

description: In this expositional essay, we introduce some elements of the study of groups by analysing the braid pattern on a knitted blanket. We determine that the blanket features pure braids with a minimal number of crossings. Moreover, we determine polynomial invariants associated to the links obtained by closing the braid patterns of the blanket.
description: Expositional article for a general readership. 32 pages, several figures
Temperature-heat uncertainty relation in nonequilibrium quantum thermometry
Creators: name: Zhang, Ning
name: Bai, Si-Yuan
name: Chen, Chong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the temperature uncertainty relation in nonequilibrium probe-based temperature estimation process. We demonstrate that it is the fluctuation of heat that fundamentally determines temperature precision through the temperature-heat uncertainty relation. Specifically, we find that heat is divided into trajectory heat and correlation heat, which are associated with the heat exchange along thermometer's evolution and the correlation between the thermometer and the sample, respectively. Based on two type of thermometers, we show that both of these heat terms are resources for enhancing temperature precision. By clearly distinguishing the resources for enhancing estimation precision, our findings not only explain why various quantum features are crucial for accurate temperature sensing but also provide valuable insights for designing ultrahigh-sensitive quantum thermometers. Additionally, we demonstrate that the temperature-heat uncertainty relation is consistent with the well-known temperature-energy uncertainty relation in thermodynamics. It establishes a connection between the information theory and the thermodynamics.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure
title: Land Administration in Iraq From the Muhammadan Period to Present Times; Based on Original Arabic Sources and Official Administration Reports.
Creators: name: Platts, Arnold
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1927

description: 1. An introductory chapter deals with the general description of Iraq, its area, size, shape, boundaries, surface, and other physical features; rivers, soil, natural history, climate, the people, agriculture, minerals, industries, and manufactures. 2. The first chapter is a brief history of the province. The period of Turkish occupation is described. British influence is traced through the nineteenth century and into the twentieth century; the early days of British Military Occupation to the Arab rebellion of 1920; the formation of the Iraq Provisional Government and the election of the Emir in 1921. 3. Some of the questions involved in this work are set out: the natural potentialities of Iraq; the early condition of Iraq: the causes leading to its decay are traced. The present labour shortage; the country could become a world market; religious differences. Arabs are classified: nomad, semi-nomad and settled; the position of Arab women; tribal characteristics; the mode of Ottoman administration; the productivity, with details of crops; antiquities of Iraq; a comparison with Scotland and South Africa; comparison with Oudh. British efforts, and an introduction to one of the main issues - Land Tenure. 4. The question of Land Tenure treated historically, and a description of conditions in pre-Islamic, Islamic, and Ottoman times. The Turkish Land Code explained. Land Laws and Tapu in detail; the judicial aspect of Land Tenure set out. Unreliable accounts of the early systems; incongruity between theory and facts as revealed in a series of incidents set forth here. 5. The Sa'dun as a peculiar agrarian problem; the history of the Sa'dun; the attempt at settlement under the Turks - Midhat Pasha; recent efforts at solution; possible solutions. A further example of failure in the attempt to impose a theoretical system which ignores the normal conditions. 6. Land Revenue; assessment under the Turks; date cultivation; the Government share; apportionment of revenue demand; relations between landlord, tenant, and fellahs; the farming of taxes; subsidies and rebates; land registration. The collection of land revenue from the "farmer" - the division on the threshing floor. The 'Khalasiyah' - The Madhif - tribal customs. System of harvesting; modes of transport. 7. The irrigation of Iraq; early times and the successful system employed; rivers and canalisation; historical survey leading to Turkish times; the British occupation and recent efforts. The present situation. 8. Summary of conclusions through a survey of the last decade.
Progressive Neural Network for Multi-Horizon Time Series Forecasting
Creators: name: Lin, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we introduce ProNet, an novel deep learning approach designed for multi-horizon time series forecasting, adaptively blending autoregressive (AR) and non-autoregressive (NAR) strategies. Our method involves dividing the forecasting horizon into segments, predicting the most crucial steps in each segment non-autoregressively, and the remaining steps autoregressively. The segmentation process relies on latent variables, which effectively capture the significance of individual time steps through variational inference. In comparison to AR models, ProNet showcases remarkable advantages, requiring fewer AR iterations, resulting in faster prediction speed, and mitigating error accumulation. On the other hand, when compared to NAR models, ProNet takes into account the interdependency of predictions in the output space, leading to improved forecasting accuracy. Our comprehensive evaluation, encompassing four large datasets, and an ablation study, demonstrate the effectiveness of ProNet, highlighting its superior performance in terms of accuracy and prediction speed, outperforming state-of-the-art AR and NAR forecasting models.
title: Siamese State Ceremonies: Their History and Function.
Creators: name: Wales, H. G. Quaritch
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1931

description: This Thesis is a study of the State Ceremonies of Siam, which are mainly Brahmanical, with later Buddhist additions and modifications. The popular Buddhist festivals are not included. An attempt is made in this Thesis to combine two methods of work: (1) the historical or archaeological, and (2) the functional method of social anthropology. Little or nothing of scientific value has been written in any European language on most of the Siamese State Ceremonies. This Thesis therefore in the main combines the results obtained from personal observation and the study of Siamese historical texts and ceremonial treatises. It is believed that a large number of new facts have been brought to light, while original theories are advanced to explain many little-known Siamese customs. The First Part of the Thesis is Introductory, and includes chapters on the Scope and Sources of the Thesis; an Outline of the History of Siamese Culture; and the Social Organization of the Siamese. The Second Part deals with the Chief Factors in Siamese State Ceremonial: the Kingship and the Court Brahmans. The Third Part is devoted to Ceremonies of Installation and includes chapters on the Coronation; The Regalia and State Progresses; the Installation of the Queen and the Assumption of the Royal Residence; Higher Grades in Royal Consecration; the Tonsure Ceremony; Cremation; and the Worship of Dead Kings. The Fourth Part deals with Ceremonies Closely Connected with the Kingship, and includes chapters devoted to Royal Audiences; the Oath of Allegiance; the Royal Bounty (Tulabhara and Kathin); and Royal Coronation and Birthday Anniversaries. The Fifth Part is devoted to Ceremonies Relating to Agriculture ,with chapters on Ceremonies for the Control of Wind and Rain; the Speeding of the Outflow; Festivals of First Fruits; the Swinging Ceremony; the First Ploughing; and the institution known as Temporary Kings. The Sixth Part concerns certain Miscellaneous State Ceremonies, with chapters on Feasts of lamps; the White Elephant; the Propitiation of Spirits; the Expulsion of Evil; and a number of Monor Ceremonies;- Top-spinning, Siva's Night, Visnu's Sleep, Worship of the Sacred Bull, Festival of Elephants, and New Year. Finally, though every Ceremony is made the subject of a separate and self-contained study, a short Conclusion draws together the main historical and sociological lines of thought which run throughout the Thesis.
Appendix_GI_Manuscript_642020 – Supplemental material for Teaching Guided Imagery and Relaxation Techniques in Undergraduate Nursing Education
Creators: name: Windle, Stephanie
name: Berger, Samantha
name: Kim, Jung Eun E.
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 111099 Nursing not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplemental material, Appendix_GI_Manuscript_642020 for Teaching Guided Imagery and Relaxation Techniques in Undergraduate Nursing Education by Stephanie Windle, Samantha Berger and Jung Eun E. Kim in Journal of Holistic Nursing
Supplemental Material, Annexure_1 - Is Use of Topical Vancomycin in Pediatric Spine Surgeries a Safe Option in the Prevention of Surgical Site Infections? A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review of the Literature
Creators: name: Sathish, Muthu
name: Chellamuthu Girinivasan
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110904 Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110314 Orthopaedics
subject: 110604 Sports Medicine
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110323 Surgery

description: Supplemental Material, Annexure_1 for Is Use of Topical Vancomycin in Pediatric Spine Surgeries a Safe Option in the Prevention of Surgical Site Infections? A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review of the Literature by Muthu Sathish and Chellamuthu Girinivasan in Global Spine Journal
Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-jcr-10.1177_0022002720937748 - Provoking Ordinary People: The Effects of Terrorism on Civilian Violence
Creators: name: Brandsch, Jürgen
name: Python, André
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 220104 Human Rights and Justice Issues
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: 160607 International Relations
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-jcr-10.1177_0022002720937748 for Provoking Ordinary People: The Effects of Terrorism on Civilian Violence by Jürgen Brandsch and André Python in Journal of Conflict Resolution
Response of a Cold-Electron Bolometer in a coplanar antenna system
Creators: name: Pimanov, D. A.
name: Pankratov, A. L.
name: Gordeeva, A. V.
name: Chiginev, A. V.
name: Blagodatkin, A. V.
name: Revin, L. S.
name: Razov, S. A.
name: Safonova, V. Yu.
name: Fedotov, I. A.
name: Skorokhodov, E. V.
name: Orlova, A. N.
name: Tatarsky, D. A.
name: Gusev, N. S.
name: Trofimov, I. V.
name: Mumlyakov, A. M.
name: Tarkhov, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cold electron bolometers have shown their suitability for use in modern fundamental physical experiments. Fabrication and measurements of the samples with cold-electron bolometers integrated into coplanar antennas are performed in this study. The bolometric layer was made using combined aluminum-hafnium technology to improve quality of aluminum oxide layer and decrease the leakage current. The samples of two types were measured in a dilution cryostat at various temperatures from 20 to 300 mK. The first sample with Ti/Au/Pd antenna shows response in the two frequency bands, at 7--9 GHz with bandwidth of about 20%, and also at 14 GHz with 10% bandwidth. The NEP below 10 aW/Hz^1/2 is reached at 300 mK for 7.7 GHz signal. The second sample with aluminum made antenna shows response in the frequency range 0.5--3 GHz due to the effect of kinetic inductance of superconducting aluminum.
description: 6 pages, 9 figures
Constant-time Motion Planning with Anytime Refinement for Manipulation
Creators: name: Mishani, Itamar
name: Feddock, Hayden
name: Likhachev, Maxim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Robotic manipulators are essential for future autonomous systems, yet limited trust in their autonomy has confined them to rigid, task-specific systems. The intricate configuration space of manipulators, coupled with the challenges of obstacle avoidance and constraint satisfaction, often makes motion planning the bottleneck for achieving reliable and adaptable autonomy. Recently, a class of constant-time motion planners (CTMP) was introduced. These planners employ a preprocessing phase to compute data structures that enable online planning provably guarantee the ability to generate motion plans, potentially sub-optimal, within a user defined time bound. This framework has been demonstrated to be effective in a number of time-critical tasks. However, robotic systems often have more time allotted for planning than the online portion of CTMP requires, time that can be used to improve the solution. To this end, we propose an anytime refinement approach that works in combination with CTMP algorithms. Our proposed framework, as it operates as a constant time algorithm, rapidly generates an initial solution within a user-defined time threshold. Furthermore, functioning as an anytime algorithm, it iteratively refines the solution's quality within the allocated time budget. This enables our approach to strike a balance between guaranteed fast plan generation and the pursuit of optimization over time. We support our approach by elucidating its analytical properties, showing the convergence of the anytime component towards optimal solutions. Additionally, we provide empirical validation through simulation and real-world demonstrations on a 6 degree-of-freedom robot manipulator, applied to an assembly domain.
sj-pdf-4-lup-10.1177_0961203320939156 - Supplemental material for Association of MBL-2 gene polymorphisms with systemic lupus erythematosus: an updated meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis
Creators: name: Harishankar Mahto
name: Abhijit Pati
name: Sahu, Sushil K
name: Hanuman Prasad Sharma
name: Padhi, Archana
name: Panda, Aditya K
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 111702 Aged Health Care
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplemental material, sj-pdf-4-lup-10.1177_0961203320939156 for Association of MBL-2 gene polymorphisms with systemic lupus erythematosus: an updated meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis by Harishankar Mahto, Abhijit Pati, Sushil K Sahu, Hanuman Prasad Sharma, Archana Padhi and Aditya K Panda in Lupus
title: Some Aspects of Mahayama and Its Relation With Hinayana.
Creators: name: Datta, Nalinaksha
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1929

description: In the first chapter a brief account of the events and doctrines of the first five or six centuries has been given, showing that a good deal of Mahayanaic doctrines was to be found in Hinayana, and that Mahayanism with the sunyata doctrine, had its real beginning about the first century B.C. In the second chapter it is shown that the Mahayanists regarded themselves as the true followers of Buddha, and asserted that Buddha had only one form of teaching, the Mahayana: but the hinayanists being intellectually weak, as the Mahanists said, could not comprehend it thoroughly. They considered themselves far superior to the Hinayanists and adduced reason therefor. The third chapter is divided into four sections. The forst section shows that according to the seddharmappundarika and other Mahayana texts, the hinayana teaching was only an expendient adopted by Buddha to suit the mental calibre of his early disciples. And that the hinayanists were taught only Pudgalasunyata and not dharmasunyata. The second section shows that the Buddha of the hinayanists was really one of his Hirmanakayas. He had two other kayas, sambhoga and dharma. A review of the speculation on Trikaya in the various texts has been given in this section. The third section trents of the interpretation of nirvana. In ti the conclusions drawn by scholars from the pitaka passages have beem reviewed and the expectitions of Buddhaghosa, Vasubandha, Nagarjuna and other have been summarised and compared. The fourth section shows that the four Truths and the causal law. Were Paramarthasatyas to the hinayanists while they were sanvrtisatyas to the Mahayanists, their Paramartha or Parinispanna satya being the dharmasunyata or Tathata. The fourth chapter contains an exposition of the Bodhi Satvabhumis, showing that the forst six bnumis correspond to the four stages of spiritual progress of the hinayanists, and the last four bhumis are meant exclusively for bodhisattvas for the comprehension of dharmasunayata or dharmasamata and the acquisition of extraordinary power of a Buddha. In the fifth chapter it has been indicated that the mahayanists depended upon the hinayanists for their disciplinary code, adding to it some rules and practices in conformity with their own ideals. In the appendix an attempt has been made to ascertain the time of composition of the Prajnaparamitas, referring specially to the pancavimsatisahasrika and its relation to the other prajnaparamitas and the Abhisamayalankarakarika.
Supplement_material-ROBINS-I_tool_for_Koga,2019 – Supplemental material for Therapeutic potential of pyruvate therapy for patients with mitochondrial diseases: a systematic review
Creators: name: Li, Min
name: Zhou, Shuang
name: Chen, Chaoyang
name: Ma, Lingyun
name: Luo, Daohuang
name: Tian, Xin
name: Dong, Xiu
name: Zhou, Ying
name: Yang, Yanling
name: Cui, Yimin
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: Endocrinology
Paediatrics
Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Supplemental material, Supplement_material-ROBINS-I_tool_for_Koga,2019 for Therapeutic potential of pyruvate therapy for patients with mitochondrial diseases: a systematic review by Min Li, Shuang Zhou, Chaoyang Chen, Lingyun Ma, Daohuang Luo, Xin Tian, Xiu Dong, Ying Zhou, Yanling Yang and Yimin Cui in Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism
Author_Response_2 – Supplemental material for LABA/LAMA fixed-dose combinations versus LAMA monotherapy in the prevention of COPD exacerbations: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Ching-Yi Chen
name: Wang-Chun Chen
name: Chi-Hsien Huang
name: Hsiang, Yi-Ping
name: Chau-Chyun Sheu
name: Yung-Che Chen
name: Meng-Chih Lin
name: Kuo-An Chu
name: Cheng-Hung Lee
name: Wei, Yu-Feng
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 111702 Aged Health Care
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 111599 Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110203 Respiratory Diseases

description: Supplemental material, Author_Response_2 for LABA/LAMA fixed-dose combinations versus LAMA monotherapy in the prevention of COPD exacerbations: a systematic review and meta-analysis by Ching-Yi Chen, Wang-Chun Chen, Chi-Hsien Huang, Yi-Ping Hsiang, Chau-Chyun Sheu, Yung-Che Chen, Meng-Chih Lin, Kuo-An Chu, Cheng-Hung Lee and Yu-Feng Wei in Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease
Reviewer_1_v.2 – Supplemental material for LABA/LAMA fixed-dose combinations versus LAMA monotherapy in the prevention of COPD exacerbations: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Ching-Yi Chen
name: Wang-Chun Chen
name: Chi-Hsien Huang
name: Hsiang, Yi-Ping
name: Chau-Chyun Sheu
name: Yung-Che Chen
name: Meng-Chih Lin
name: Kuo-An Chu
name: Cheng-Hung Lee
name: Wei, Yu-Feng
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 111702 Aged Health Care
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 111599 Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110203 Respiratory Diseases

description: Supplemental material, Reviewer_1_v.2 for LABA/LAMA fixed-dose combinations versus LAMA monotherapy in the prevention of COPD exacerbations: a systematic review and meta-analysis by Ching-Yi Chen, Wang-Chun Chen, Chi-Hsien Huang, Yi-Ping Hsiang, Chau-Chyun Sheu, Yung-Che Chen, Meng-Chih Lin, Kuo-An Chu, Cheng-Hung Lee and Yu-Feng Wei in Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease