Conus (Kalloconus) hendricksi
Creators: name: Psarras, Christos
name: Koskeridou, Efterpi
name: Merle, Didier
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Neogastropoda
Conidae
Conus
Conus hendricksi

description: Conus (Kalloconus) hendricksi  (Harzhauser & Landau, 2016)  
(Figs 16, 17; Table 7)  
 Kalloconus hendricksi Harzhauser & Landau, 2016: 57-59, figs 3H, 3I, 8F 1 -F 5, 8G 1 -G 3, 8H.   
 ? Conus berghausi – Davoli 1972: pl. 3, figs 12-13.   
 Kalloconus berghausi – Landau et al. 2013: pl. 81, fig. 1.   
 TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype: NHMW 1870/0033/0005a (see Harzhauser & Landau 2016: fig. 8F 1 -F 5). TYPE LOCALITY. — Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Langhian. STRATIGRAPHIC RANGE. — Langhian of Paratethys (see Harzhauser & Landau [2016] for detailed references), Serravallian of Karaman Basin (Turkey), Tortonian of Italy (Montegibbio, see Davoli [1972]) and Greece (Messara Basin, Crete). MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Filippi: Nine specimens AMPG(IV) 2651-2659;?Filippi, Crete: 30 specimens (MNHN.F. A72606 to MNHN.F. A72635). All specimens display a colour pattern under UV light.   
DESCRIPTION OF COLOUR PATTERN  
The colour pattern consists of one layer of fluorescent, evenly arranged rows of dots. The dots are evenly spaced, evenly sized, differing in shape. Some dots have an oval shape; others are more rectangular to parallelogram, while a few are arrow-  
like shaped (Fig. 17). The axial distance between individual rows does not change with the individual’s growth. Newly developed spiral lines of dots are added to fill the gaps, seen as faded, tiny dots between two rows (Fig. 17). As a result, large specimens tend to have numerous rows of dots, while smaller specimens have less rows. The largest specimen has over 22 rows (abapical rows are not clearly visible), while younger have less than 15. On the spire whorls, there is one spiral row of dots, with most of those partly covered by the suture of the succeeding whorls (Fig. 16).  
REMARKS  
 Recently, Conus (Kalloconus) hendricksi (Harzhauser & Landau 2016) has been separated from Conus (Monteiroconus) berghausi Michelotti, 1847, a very similar species both in shell morphology and in colour pattern. The differences reported by these authors are the relative larger size, the squat, club-shaped shells with a prominent shoulder and the spiral cords on spire whorls of Conus (Monteiroconus) berghausi. They stated that the specimens of Conus (Kalloconus) hendricksi are smaller and less club-shaped. According to Harzhauser & Landau (2016), we use the subgenus Monteiroconus da Motta, 1991 for Conus berghausi because of the presence of spiral cords on spire whorls. The study material (Table 7) fits the Conus (Kalloconus) hendricksi shell morphology, on the constrained, defined shoulder and the smooth, coeloconoid early spire whorls (Fig. 16). In the study material, the pointed, early spire whorls are absent on adult specimens, possibly because of the destruction and erosion, of their early, pointed whorls (Fig. 16A, B). This might cause confusion and misleading results in PCA analysis (see Harzhauser & Landau 2016). Thus, we refrain from using this method on the Greek material. Furthermore, Conus (Kalloconus) hendricksi has a consistent colour pattern (Harzhauser & Landau 2016). Harzhauser & Landau (2016) described 13-16 spiral lines of dots on the last whorl (Conus (Kalloconus) hendricksi paratype), with some of them bearing smaller dots. On the Greek specimens, we observe more lines of dots (22 rows visible), and we consider that this small difference probably results from a geographical variation of the character. Finally, the spiral dots on the spire whorls of our Greek specimens, match with Conus (Kalloconus) hendricksi. For these reasons we attribute them to this species.   
 The specimen of Conus (Monteiroconus) berghausi from the Karaman Basin (Turkey) figured byLandau et al. (2013) displays a colour pattern which is identical to the study material. In their figure showing the colour pattern of the species (Landau et al. 2013: pl. 81, fig. 1), the last row of dots near the suture is near or above the shoulder. This means that this specimen has spiral rows of dots on its sutural ramp, the characteristic pattern of Conus (Kalloconus) hendricksi and not flammulae, a pattern character described on Conus (Monteiroconus) berghausi by Harzhauser & Landau (2016). Therefore, we believe that the specimens from Karaman Basin are Conus (Kalloconus) hendricksi rather than Conus (Monteiroconus) berghausi.   
 The specimens figured by Davoli (1972: pl. 3, figs 12-13) bear a colour pattern identical to the Greek specimens. Furthermore, the morphology of coeloconoid early spire outline and the relatively smooth shoulder are characters, which allow us to differentiate from Conus (Monteiroconus) berghausi. The other shells figured in Davoli as Conus berghausi (Davoli 1972: pl. 3, figs 11, 17-25) could be either Conus (Monteiroconus) berghausi or Conus (Kalloconus) hendricksi. The uncertainty results from the unclear figured shell morphology and colour patterns of these specimens and for the time being, we refrain from assigning them to Conus (Kalloconus) hendricksi.   
 The specimen illustrated by Hoernes & Auinger (1879) and named as Conus (Dendroconus) subraristriatus Pereira da Costa, 1866 (Pereira da Costa 1866: 23 [partim]: pl. 1, fig. 21 [only]), was discussed by Harzhauser & Landau (2016). We do not agree with their conclusion that it belongs to Conus (Kalloconus) hendricksi, as the colour pattern consisting of dots encircled by white coloured bands is different from that of Conus (Kalloconus) hendricksi. In our opinion, the specimen illustrated by Hoernes & Auinger (1879) belongs to a different species.
description: Published as part of Psarras, Christos, Koskeridou, Efterpi & Merle, Didier, 2021, Late Miocene Conidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Crete (Greece). Part 1: genera Conilithes Swainson, 1840 and Conus (Kalloconus) da Motta, 1991, pp. 1309-1339 in Geodiversitas 43 (24) on pages 1325-1328, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2021v43a24, http://zenodo.org/record/5764710