Rhinolophus maendeleo Kock, Csorba &amp; K M. Howell 2000
Creators: name: Burgin, Connor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Chiroptera
Rhinolophidae
Rhinolophus
Rhinolophus maendeleo

description: <b>2</b>. Maendeleo Horseshoe <i>Bat</i> <i>Rhinolophus maendeleo</i> French: <i>Rhinolophe de</i> Tanga / <b>German:</b> <i>Tanga-Hufeisennase I</i> <b>Spanish:</b> Herradura deTanga <b>Other common names:</b> Tanzanian Horseshoe Bat <b>Taxonomy.</b> <i>Rhinolophus maendeleo</i> Kock, Csorba &amp; K M. Howell, 2000, “ Amboni Cave <i>Forest</i>, 05°05’S - 39°02’ E, 0- 80 m, Mkulumuzi River Gorge, 2.5 km <b>W</b> <i>of</i> Tanga, Tanga Distr., NE-Tanzania.” <i>Rhinolophus maendeleo</i> is in the <i>odami</i> species group. Two specimens reported as <i>R cf</i>. <i>maendeleo</i> by A. Monadjem and colleagues in 2010 from Mozambique probably represent <i>R maendeleo,</i> but they have some morphological peculiarities that warrant investigation; these records are included in <i>R maendeleo</i> here. Monotypic. <b>Distribution.</b> NE &amp; C Tanzania (Amboni Cave Forest, Mazumbai Forest Reserve on E ridge of <i>West</i> Usambara Mts, and Iringa region) and N Mozambique (Mt Namuli). <b>Descriptive notes</b>. <i>Head—body</i> c. 46-49 mm, tail 23—26 mm, ear 24—25 mm, hindfoot 8 mm, forearm 47-5—49- 1 mm; <i>weight</i> 6-15- 5 g. Dorsal pelage is medium brown, and ventral pelage is beige that merges into white on lower abdomen. Darker brown collar occurs around lower neck and upper chest. Ears are comparatively large (49—51% of forearm length), with <i>bluntly</i> pointed tip; tail is <i>relatively</i> long; and membranes are brown. Noseleaf is moderately wide (breadth 8-2—8- 4 mm) and almost covers muzzle; posterior component is subtriangular, with erect tip; sella is naked and <b>wide</b> at base, with well-developed narial cup, and constricted in middle; connecting process forms continuous arch and basal part is almost parallel to sella; lancet tip is nearly straightsided; and there are three mental grooves on lower lip. Baculum has basal cone that is deeply incised and projects proximally; dorsal part forms two long wings and ventral incision is less deep; and distal part of baculum is strongly flattened dorso-ventrally. <b>Skull</b> is narrow, and zygomatic width is equal to or <i>slighdy</i> narrower than mastoid width; nasal swellings are moderately high; anterior median swellings are bulbous, broad, and long; posterior swellings are less developed; frontal depression is <i>moderately</i> deep; sagittal crest is low; infraorbital foramen is open and <i>not</i> covered by bony bar; P2 is small and within tooth row, widely separating C1 and P4; P3 is small and somewhat displaced labially; and P2 and P4 are separated. <b>Habitat.</b> Coastal lowland forest and relict lower montane forest from sea level to elevations of C. 1900 m (0—80 m in Amboni Cave <i>Forest</i>, 1400—1900 m in Masumbai Forest, and C. 1650 m at Iringa). <b>Food and</b> Feeding. No information. Breeding. No information. <b>Activity patterns.</b> Maendeleo Horseshoe Bats roost <b>in</b> caves. <b>Movements, Home range and Social organization.</b> No information. <b>Status and Conservation.</b> Classified as Data Deficient on <i>The</i> IUCN <i>Red</i> List. <i>Very</i> little is known about the ecology of Maendeleo Horseshoe Bats, <i>especially</i> because few specimens have been reported. <b>Bibliography.</b> ACR (2018), Csorba eta/. (2003), Happold, M. (2013t), Jacobs <i>et al.</i> (2008b), <i>Kock</i> et al. (2000), Monadjem, Schoeman et al. (2010).
description: Published as part of <i>Burgin, Connor, 2019, Rhinolophidae, pp. 280-332 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions</i> on page 281, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3748525