cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Overall Evaluation on the Level of Rural Economic Development in 31 Regions of China
Creators: name: Yang, Dao-Jian
name: Liu, Su-Xia
name: Zhang, Zan-Zan
name: Yang, Dao-Jian
name: Liu, Su-Xia
name: Zhang, Zan-Zan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural economy
subject: Multivariate statistical analysis
subject: Factor Analysis
subject: Cluster Analysis
subject: China

description: Taking China Rural Statistical Yearbook in 2008 as the data source, we select 10 indices scientifically and rationally. By using SPSS statistical software, factor analysis method and cluster analysis method in multivariate statistical analysis, we conduct analysis on the level of rural economic development in 31 provinces, municipalities directly under the Central Government, autonomous regions in China. Finally we extract 4 composite factors and offer the overall ranking of them. We divide the 31 regions of China into four types, namely the regions with developed agricultural economy, the regions with relatively developed agricultural economy, the regions with less-developed agricultural economy, and the regions with underdeveloped agricultural economy.
Regularization parameters for the self force in Schwarzschild spacetime: II. gravitational and electromagnetic cases
Creators: name: Barack, Leor
name: Ori, Amos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain all ``regularization parameters'' (RP) needed for calculating the gravitational and electromagnetic self forces for an arbitrary geodesic orbit around a Schwarzschild black hole. These RP values are required for implementing the previously introduced mode-sum method, which allows a practical calculation of the self force by summing over contributions from individual multipole modes of the particle's field. In the gravitational case, we provide here full details of the analytic method and results briefly reported in a recent Letter [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 88}, 091101 (2002)]. In the electromagnetic case, the RP are obtained here for the first time.
description: 14 pages, 1 figure
Statistical headaches cause significant issues
Creators: name: Harmsen, Henk
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 10404 Probability Theory
subject: Probability

description: Most research cannot be reproduced by other scientists. This so-called "reproducibility crisis" is increasingly discussed and alternatives are being discussed.
This paper gives a rough, global and informal overview of the subject.
title: 02_1561
Creators: name: Wesley Baldwin, John
name: Baldwin, John W.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: L'ensemble de ces notes ont été crée par John Baldwin lors d'une de ses premières périodes de résidence à Paris. Ces documents comprennent tous les magistri qu’il avait pu rencontrer dans ses sources. Aux XIIème et XIIIème siècles, les universités n'existant pas encore, le titre de magister s'il évoque certainement une compétence n'est pas rattaché de façon systématique au passage par les écoles. De surcroît, les magistris sont le plus souvent désignés par leur seul prénom. La lecture de ces données est donc difficile et suppose un long travail pour tenter d'identifier un individu auquel on pourrait rattacher plusieurs mentions. John Baldwin avait donc renoncé à utiliser ces données pour donner un prolongement à sa magnifique étude sur les gradués d'université et leur emploi par les Capétiens et les Plantagenêts. Néanmoins, il a conservé ces données et elles sont potentiellement très utile dans le cadre de Studium, comme le sont toutes les mentions dans les volumes des Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae de chanoines portant ce titre de magister sans autres précisions. L'ampleur des dépouillements rend ces données très utiles et nous devons une grande reconnaissance à John Baldwin pour avoir pris la peine de faire photocopier ses fiches et de nous les avoir transmises amicalement.
Les données ainsi que les images des fiches sont accessibles sur le site Internet à l'adresse suivante : http://studium-baldwin.lamop.fr/.
Les transcriptions des fiches ont été effectuées par des étudiants de Paris 1 Panthéon - Sorbonne mais elles n'ont pas été corrigées par la suite.
description: Relation: https://lamop.hypotheses.org/
A realistic formulation of approximate CP
Creators: name: Dent, Thomas
name: Silva-Marcos, Joaquim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: CP violation in the SM is naturally implemented as a small imaginary perturbation to real Yukawa couplings. For example, a large CP asymmetry in B_d decays can arise if the imaginary parts of quark mass matrices are of order 10^(-3)m_t,b or smaller. Applying the same principle of ``additive CP violation'' to soft SUSY-breaking terms, the electric dipole moments of the neutron and mercury atom are predicted near current experimental limits; for nonuniversal A-terms, EDM bounds can be satisfied given certain flavour structures. The proposal is conveniently formulated in a democratic basis, with Yukawas and soft terms of the form const. x (1+eps+i zeta) where eps<<1, zeta
description: 28 pages, 2 tables v3: improved notation and discussion of 'removability' v2: revised discussion of USY, improved notation of SUSY section, added acknowledgements and references
Diastella hilleri Rentz, Su & Ueshima 2008
Creators: name: Rentz, Dcf
name: Su, You Ning
name: Ueshima, Norhiro
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Proteales
Proteaceae
Diastella
Diastella hilleri

description: Diastella hilleri (Fig. 24)
2n=21 (20t +Xt)
 Specimens examined: R81-25, -26
The karyotype of the species comprises one pair of large, 9 pairs of medium and small telocentrics, and the largest telocentric X (Fig. 24a). There are 10 autosomal bivalents and the sole X at first metaphase (Fig. 24b). The X moves to one pole with autosomal halves (Fig. 23c).
description: Published as part of Rentz, Dcf, Su, You Ning & Ueshima, Norhiro, 2008, Studies in Australian Tettigoniidae: new Phaneropterine Katydids from Queensland Rainforests (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; Phaneropterinae), pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 1964 (1) on page 39, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1964.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5241847
First Annealing Studies of Irradiated Silicon Sensors with Modified ATLAS Pixel Implantations
Creators: name: Wagner, M.
name: Gisen, A.
name: Hötting, M.
name: Hohm, V.
name: Krause, C.
name: Kröninger, K.
name: Kroner, A.
name: Lönker, J.
name: Muschak, M.
name: Weingarten, J.
name: Wizemann, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Planar silicon pixel sensors with modified n$^+$-implantation shapes based on the IBL pixel sensor were designed in Dortmund. The sensors with a pixel size of $250\,μ$m $\times$ $50\,μ$m are produced in n$^+$-in-n sensor technology. The charge collection efficiency should improve with electrical field strength maxima created by the different n$^+$-implantation shapes. Therefore, higher particle detection efficiencies at lower bias voltages could be achieved. The modified pixel designs and the IBL standard design are placed on one sensor to test and compare the designs. The sensor can be read out with the FE-I4 readout chip. At the iWoRiD 2018, measurements of sensors irradiated with protons and neutrons respectively at different facilities were presented and showed incongruent results. Unintended annealing during irradiation was considered as an explanation for the observed differences in the hit detection efficiency for two neutron irradiated sensors. This hypothesis will be examined and confirmed in this work, presenting first annealing studies of sensors irradiated with neutrons in Ljubljana.
Ginger Masculinities
Creators: name: O'Malley, Donica
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2015

description: This paper explores white American masculinity within the “ginger” phenomenon. To guide this study, I asked: How is racism conceptualized and understood within popular culture, as seen through discussions of whether or not gingerism constitutes racism? How do commenters respond or interact when their understandings of racism or explanations for gingerism are challenged by other commenters? And finally, what does the creation of and prejudice against/making fun of a “hyperwhite” masculine identity at this social/historical moment suggest about the current stability of the dominant white masculine identity? Through discourse analysis of online comments, I explored discussions of race, gender, and gingerism. The analysis covered 6,413 comments on 102 articles. I found that within discussions of race and gingerism, readers made use of varying definitions of race and racism. Different definitions led to conflations of racism, oppression, and bullying. Simplified and individualized definitions of race and racism also led to arguments that supported frameworks of reverse racism and post-racism. So-called discrimination against redheaded men was overall considered to be more serious than for women. These arguments were bound up in questions of the specificity of cultural contexts, and ethnic and national identities, particularly with regard to Irish and Scottish immigrant heritage in the United States and United Kingdom. Future work should continue to untangle ideas of race and physical appearance and ask how whiteness is understood and works within this context.
Measuring Research on County Agricultural Technological Innovation Ability Index
Creators: name: Ma, Lihua
name: Yan, Huizhe
name: Yan, Pingjian
name: Ma, Lihua
name: Yan, Huizhe
name: Yan, Pingjian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: County agriculture
subject: Technological innovation ability
subject: Index measuring
subject: AHM
subject: Unascertained mathematics
subject: China

description: Taking the mechanism of technological construction guidance theory and mode which consists of “objective-construction-evaluation-construction-objective” as a starting point, on the basis of county agricultural technological innovation ability and its index definition, this paper researches the constructing system of county agricultural technological innovation ability. Firstly, on the basis of defining county agricultural technological innovation ability and the definition of index, according to the principle of purposefulness, scientificity , systematicness, integration of dynamic state and static state, integration of quantitativeness and qualitativeness and so on, we construct the multi-level measuring system of county agricultural technological innovation ability, including 4 first-level indices, namely technological innovation environment, technological innovation basis, technological innovation ability, and technological innovation efficiency; 15 second-level indices, such as technological policy, technological system mechanism, technological institution construction, ability of innovation subject, ability of industrial expansion, scale merit, technological contribution rate. Moreover, this system has 45 third-level indices. Then, by using unascertained mathematics method and AHM method, we establish the multi-level unascertained composite measuring model of county agricultural technological innovation ability index. Finally, by using the survey data of one county in Hebei Province, and the established county agricultural technological innovation ability index model, we get the county agricultural technological innovation ability index of 0.711 by calculation, that is, the innovation ability is at the intermediate level, namely the modern agricultural sub-stage. The empirical research proves the correctness and applicability of this model.
A Density-Based Basis-Set Incompleteness Correction for GW Methods
Creators: name: Loos, Pierre-François
name: Pradines, Barthélémy
name: Scemama, Anthony
name: Giner, Emmanuel
name: Toulouse, Julien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Similar to other electron correlation methods, many-body perturbation theory methods based on Green functions, such as the so-called $GW$ approximation, suffer from the usual slow convergence of energetic properties with respect to the size of the one-electron basis set. This displeasing feature is due to lack of explicit electron-electron terms modeling the infamous Kato electron-electron cusp and the correlation Coulomb hole around it. Here, we propose a computationally efficient density-based basis set correction based on short-range correlation density functionals which significantly speeds up the convergence of energetics towards the complete basis set limit. The performance of this density-based correction is illustrated by computing the ionization potentials of the twenty smallest atoms and molecules of the GW100 test set at the perturbative $GW$ (or $G_0W_0$) level using increasingly large basis sets. We also compute the ionization potentials of the five canonical nucleobases (adenine, cytosine, thymine, guanine, and uracil) and show that, here again, a significant improvement is obtained.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures (supporting information available)
The Energy Sector in Mediterranean and MENA Countries
Creators: name: Nicolini, Marcella
name: Porcheri, Simona
name: Nicolini, Marcella
name: Porcheri, Simona
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Energy
subject: Mediterranean Countries
subject: MENA Countries
subject: Subsidies

description: This paper describes the energy sector in the Mediterranean and MENA (Middle East and North Africa) countries. It first analyses the production of energy by fossil and renewable sources and discusses the increasing demand in the area and its consequences. It describes the policy frameworks to promote renewable energy as well as fossil-fuel subsidies, which are still abundant in the MENA area. It presents some avenues for integration across the Mediterranean and finally it discusses the implications of the Arab spring on energy production in the next future.
Comparison of clinical usefulness of serum Ca125 and CA19-9 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma diagnosis: meta-analysis and systematic review of literature
Creators: name: Skulimowski, Aleksander
name: Durczyński, Adam
name: Strzelczyk, Janusz
name: Hogendorf, Piotr
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Introduction: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma remains one of the most lethal cancers. The only recommended biomarker CA19-9 proves to be not accurate enough to establish a certain diagnosis. Therefore a determination of usefulness of other biomarkers is essential. Our aim was to compare the specificity and sensitivity of Ca125 and CA19-9 by means of meta-analysis. The systematic review of combined tests (CA19-9 + Ca125) was also performed. Methods: We conducted a systematic search of Medline (via PubMed) and Ovid. After screening of abstracts and the assessment of full-texts, 9 studies (number of patients, n = 1599) were included. Hierarchical summary receiver under operator curve (hsROC) model was applied to estimate the diagnostic accuracy. Results: CA19-9 sensitivity and specificity were 0,748 (95%CI 0,676-0,809) and 0,782 (95%CI 0,716-0,836) respectively. These values were estimated on 0,593 (95%CI 0,489-0,69) and 0,754 (95%CI 0,817-0,668) for Ca125. Regarding the heterogeneity of studies a strong threshold effect for Ca125 and moderate one for CA19-9 were found. Conclusions: Our meta-analysis did not prove the superiority of Ca125. It should be nevertheless noted that the sparsity of studies precludes accurate analysis of various factors’ influence. The review of proposed combined tests shows that CA19-9 + Ca125 models are generally characterized by higher sensitivity.
Deciphering the interaction of food additive, vanillin with DNA: A biophysical and computational study
Creators: name: Faizan Abul Qais
name: Fohad Mabood Husain
name: Mohd Shahnawaz Khan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Deciphering the interaction of food additive, vanillin with DNA: A biophysical and computational study
The Merchant of Venice at UMASS:  An Exploration in Collaboration and Representation
Creators: name: pangburn, elizabeth l
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2015

description: Through an analysis of the details of The Merchant of Venice, I will show that a costume design which only satisfies the basic role of articulating the relationships, status, time and place, etc of the play but has no point of view regarding that text’s inherent assumptions will always support, rather than subvert, any problematic issues present therein. Secondly, I will show that without tandem movement from the creative team, no rehabilitation or subversion is possible.
Trichotoca Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2008, gen. n.
Creators: name: Jaschhof, Mathias
name: Jaschhof, Catrin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Cecidomyiidae
Trichotoca

description: Genus Trichotoca Jaschhof & Jaschhof gen. n.
 Type species: Trichotoca edentula sp. n.
 Diagnosis. Trichotoca differs from Catotricha, which comprises the other living catotrichines, as follows (character states in Catotricha in parentheses). The eye-bridge is complete (incomplete). The metanotum is setose (asetose). The wings are very narrow, with length/width ratios between 3.0–3.4 (2.6–3.1). The legs bear scales in addition to ordinary setae. Female antennal flagellomeres resemble those of males in having long necks (very short or no necks) and in the necks bearing hair-shaped translucent sensilla (without such sensilla). Of the male terminalia, the gonostyli are one-lobed (two-lobed) and bear an apical claw of spines merged with one another, or no apical structure (the smaller of the lobes bears apically a large, flat, rounded spine or flat, setose extension); the tegmen is cleft along its longitudinal axis and bears a pair of apical processes (tegmen without cleft and apical processes); the ejaculatory apodeme is long and simple, rod-like (stout and variously modified); and tergite 9 bears apicolateral lobes (without lobes).
 Relationships. The genus Trichotoca comprises two species in Australia, T. edentula sp. n. and T. fraterna (Jaschhof). It is sister-group to Catotricha, the genus containing two species in North America and three in Palaearctic Asia. The two Trichotoca species differ in numerous characters, particularly of the male terminalia. These differences might even warrant the generic separation of Trichotoca fraterna from edentula (see below), a point that must be reconsidered as the catotrichines of the southern continents become better known. Etymology. The name Trichotoca is a near anagram of Catotricha, which is the name of a closely related genus. The gender is feminine.
description: Published as part of Jaschhof, Mathias & Jaschhof, Catrin, 2008, Catotrichinae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Tasmania, with the description of Trichotoca edentula gen. et sp. n., pp. 53-61 in Zootaxa 1966 (1) on page 54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1966.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/5241997
Cosmic-ray driven outflow from the galactic center and the origin of magnetized radio filaments
Creators: name: Yusef-Zadeh, F.
name: Wardle, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Radio, X-ray and infrared observations of the inner few hundred pc of the Galactic center have highlighted two characteristics to the ISM. The cosmic ray ionization rate derived from molecular ions such as H$^+_3$, is at least two to three orders of magnitudes higher than in the Galactic disk. The other is bipolar X-ray and radio emission away from the Galactic plane. These features are consistent with a scenario in which high cosmic ray pressure drives large-scale winds away from the Galactic plane. The interaction of such a wind with stellar wind bubbles may explain the energetic nonthermal radio filaments found throughout the Galactic center. Some of the implications of this scenario is the removal of gas driven by outflowing winds, acting as a feedback to reduce the star formation rate in the central molecular zone (CMZ), and the distortion of azimuthal magnetic field lines in the CMZ to vertical direction away from the plane. The combined effects of the wind and vertical magnetic field can explain why most magnetized filaments run perpendicular to the Galactic plane. This proposed picture suggests our Milky Way nucleus has recently experienced starburst or black hole activity, as recent radio and X-ray observations indicate.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, MNRAS, in press
Acoustic Analysis of the Tones in the Shantou Dialect
Creators: name: Li, Danni
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2014

description: This paper mainly analyzes the different tones in the Shantou dialect. The Shantou dialect is known as one of the branches of the Chaoshan dialect which is a sub-group of the southern Min. Compared to other sub-group southern Min dialects, one of the distinguishing tonal characteristics of the Shantou dialect is that it has eight tones while the others have seven. Common views have explained that the eight tones in the Shantou dialect are the result of the four Middle Chinese tones further splitting into the upper register and the lower register. Thus, the Shantou dialect has its unique position in the study of the tonal development of Chinese.
In order to better understand this unique tonal phenomenon, with references to the four Middle Chinese tonal categories, the tonal system in the Shantou dialect is acoustically examined. With an acoustic tonal experiment, this study aims to discuss three questions. First, what are the Shantou dialect’s tonal values? Second, what is the relation between its tones and the four Middle Chinese tones? Third, what is the tonal value difference between auditory perception and objective analysis?
Based on the measurement of fundamental frequency of speeches from the selected native Shantou dialect speakers by Praat, objectively analyzed tonal values are provided. In comparison with an auditory perception of tonal value in previous studies, differences between the current study and previous research will be discussed. Moreover, I point out that the tonal system in the Shantou dialect is not spoken with as much symmetrical alignment as compared to the four Middle Chinese tones divided into the upper register and the lower register.
This paper contains five main parts. The first chapter gives a detailed introduction of the Shantou dialect. Second, the methodology that is used in this study is illustrated. Specifically, it includes how the data was collected and processed using a software program called Praat. Next, the third chapter gives an analysis on each tone’s value, including illustration on its fundamental frequency and tonal contour. Fourth, previous studies and current study on the tonal system in the Shantou dialect are further discussed. Last, a brief conclusion is listed.
Conflicting uses of marine resources: can ITQs promote an efficient solution?
Creators: name: Arnason, Ragnar
name: Arnason, Ragnar
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: commercial and recreational fishing conflicts
subject: conflicting use of marine resources
subject: conservation quotas
subject: fishing and conservation conflicts
subject: ITQs

description: This paper examines the allocation problem arising from conflicting demands for marine resource use by (i) commercial fishers, (ii) recreational fishers, and (iii) conservationists. It is shown that decentralised trading of individual transferable quotas (ITQs) is capable of an efficient allocation of resource use between the first two parties. In contrast, it is found that the standard ITQ system is not capable of performing the same ideal co-ordination between the conflicting interests of extractive users, that is, all fishers, and the non-extractive ones, that is, conservationists. The reason is that quota trades between individual fishers and conservationists are inevitably accompanied by (positive) externalities on both other fishers and conservationists. As a result, decentralised quota trades between these parties cannot be efficient. The fundamental economic observation is that quotas for conservation and for extraction constitute two different goods. It follows that a socially optimal market allocation of these two goods requires two prices instead of the single quota price in the standard ITQ system. Thus, to achieve efficiency, the ITQ system has to be extended to incorporate both types of goods. It is shown in the paper that if fishers and conservationists can organise themselves into groups, trades of conservation quotas between the two groups can in principle lead to fully efficient allocation. An interesting implication of this modified ITQ system is that the need for a fisheries authority to set the total allowable catch (TACs) disappears.
Tools for Data Management and Curation - Ontology as key factor for Interoperability
Creators: name: Bazzocchi, Federica
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Ontology
subject: FAIR principles
subject: Interoperability

description: The aim of this lecture is understanding how the Interoperability principle of the FAIR principles is deeply connected to the concept of Ontology in Data Science and understanding what metadata schema are  from a wider point of view.
Single Top Production at HERA and THERA
Creators: name: Alan, A. T.
name: Senol, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the single top production mediated by flavor changing neutral current via both of the $t-q-γ$ and $t-q-Z$ vertices (here q represents c and u quarks) in ep collisions at two colliders HERA and THERA. Contribution of the second vertex becomes even more important as the couplings take more improved values provided by the higher luminosities of colliders. In addition to these improvements if the CM energy of the collider is increased, the production will be dominated by the anomalous $t-q-Z$ vertex.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, RevTeX4, references added
Density-Dependent Survival in the Larval Stage of an Invasive Insect: Dispersal vs. Predation
Creators: name: Pepi, Adam A
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2015

description: 1. The success of invasive species is often thought to be due to release from natural enemies. This hypothesis relies on the assumption that species are regulated by top-down forces in their native range and implies that species are likely to be regulated by bottom-up forces in the invasive range. Neither of these assumptions has been consistently supported with insects, a group which include many highly destructive invasive pest species.
2. Winter moth (Operophtera brumata) is an invasive defoliator in North America that appears to be regulated by mortality in the larval stage in its invasive range. To assess whether regulation in the invasive range is caused by top-down or bottom-up forces, we sought to identify the main causes of larval mortality.
3. To measure the importance of different sources of winter moth larval mortality, we used observational and manipulative field studies to measure dispersal, predation, parasitism, disease. We measured the response of larval dispersal in the field to multiple aspects of foliar quality, including total phenolics, pH 10 oxidized phenolics, trichome density, total nitrogen, total carbon, and carbon-nitrogen ration. We also used manipulative laboratory studies to measure the presence of cannibalism and dispersal.
4. Tree-level declines in density were driven by density-dependent larval dispersal of early instars with very little mortality caused by other factors. Later instar larvae dispersed at increased rates from previously damaged vs. undamaged foliage, and field larval dispersal rates were related to proportion of oxidative phenolics in 2015, suggesting that larval dispersal may have been mediated by an induced decline in foliar quality.
5. We conclude that winter moth population densities are regulated in New England by density-dependent larval dispersal possibly mediated by phenolic oxidative capacity. The suggested role of host plant quality in mediating dispersal means that winter moth population densities in New England appear to be regulated by bottom up forces, aligning with the assumptions of the natural enemy release hypothesis. This is the first study known to the authors presenting data showing a negative effect on insect herbivore performance from pH 10 oxidized phenolics.
Composable and Finite Computational Security of Quantum Message Transmission
Creators: name: Banfi, Fabio
name: Maurer, Ueli
name: Portmann, Christopher
name: Zhu, Jiamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent research in quantum cryptography has led to the development of schemes that encrypt and authenticate quantum messages with computational security. The security definitions used so far in the literature are asymptotic, game-based, and not known to be composable. We show how to define finite, composable, computational security for secure quantum message transmission. The new definitions do not involve any games or oracles, they are directly operational: a scheme is secure if it transforms an insecure channel and a shared key into an ideal secure channel from Alice to Bob, i.e., one which only allows Eve to block messages and learn their size, but not change them or read them. By modifying the ideal channel to provide Eve with more or less capabilities, one gets an array of different security notions. By design these transformations are composable, resulting in composable security. Crucially, the new definitions are finite. Security does not rely on the asymptotic hardness of a computational problem. Instead, one proves a finite reduction: if an adversary can distinguish the constructed (real) channel from the ideal one (for some fixed security parameters), then she can solve a finite instance of some computational problem. Such a finite statement is needed to make security claims about concrete implementations. We then prove that (slightly modified versions of) protocols proposed in the literature satisfy these composable definitions. And finally, we study the relations between some game-based definitions and our composable ones. In particular, we look at notions of quantum authenticated encryption and QCCA2, and show that they suffer from the same issues as their classical counterparts: they exclude certain protocols which are arguably secure.
description: 43+11 pages, 18 figures, v2: minor changes, extended version of the published paper
Supplementary Figures and statistical results accompanying the main article. from Single-cell visualization indicates direct role of sponge host in uptake of dissolved organic matter
Creators: name: Achlatis, Michelle
name: Pernice, Mathieu
name: Green, Kathryn
name: Goeij, Jasper M. De
name: Guagliardo, Paul
name: Kilburn, Matthew R.
name: Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove
name: Dove, Sophie
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Additional supporting information may be found online in the Supplementary Material section.
Chemical bonds of two vortex species with a generalized Josephson term and arbitrary charges
Creators: name: Chatterjee, Chandrasekhar
name: Gudnason, Sven Bjarke
name: Nitta, Muneto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the Abelian-Higgs model with two complex scalar fields and arbitrary positive integer charges with the addition of a higher-order generalization of the Josephson term. The theory possesses vortices of both local and global variants. The only finite-energy configurations are shown to be the local vortices for which a certain combination of vortex numbers and electric charges -- called the global vortex number -- vanishes. The local vortices have rational fractional magnetic flux, as opposed to the global counterparts that can have an arbitrary fractional flux. The global vortices have angular domain walls, which we find good analytic approximate solutions for. Finally, we find a full classification of the minimal local vortices as well as a few nonminimal networks of vortices, using numerical methods.
description: LaTeX: 36 pages, 20 figures; V2: typos corrected
The Human Intruder Test: An Anxiety Assessment in Rhesus Macaques (Macaca Mulatta)
Creators: name: Peterson, Emily J
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2015

description: The human intruder test (HIT) is a noninvasive tool widely used for assessing anxiety in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). This thesis explores the HIT procedure and applies it to a population of monkeys with a self-injurious behavioral pathology. Individual variation on this test can be used to assess anxiety and temperament. The first experiment of this thesis applied two different procedures of the HIT to 17 monkeys at UMass. Monkeys displayed little response to the intruder, and no significant differences were detected for the two procedures. To determine whether these responses were unique to the UMass monkeys, their behavior was then compared to the behavior of monkeys at three other primate facilities. UMass monkeys showed less of a reaction compared to monkeys at other facilities. They came to the front of the cage when the intruder entered the room whereas the monkeys at other facilities moved to the back and showed virtually no threats to the intruder. One possible explanation is the increased exposure to humans that UMass monkeys experience. Even though the human running the HIT was a stranger, monkeys at UMass may not perceive a new human in front of their cage to be a threat. The second experiment tested the hypothesis that monkeys with a record of self-injurious behavior (SIB) would be more anxious in response to the HIT. The cage-side version of the HIT was applied to 41 monkeys with a record of self-injurious behavior and 36 matched controls. In contrast to our prediction, SIB subjects spent significantly less time showing anxious behavior and aggressive behavior toward the intruder as well as spent more time in the front of the cage. SIB subjects showed the same range of behaviors as controls, but significantly less behavioral change overall. These data add to the evidence from experiment one that the HIT may not be a sufficient novelty test to elicit a response in monkeys who are more often exposed to different people. An alternative explanation is that SIB is associated with a depressive like syndrome based on reduced overall activity and possibly lowered affect during the stare phase.
Towards a Semantic Knowledge Management Framework for Laminated Composites
Creators: name: Premkumar, Vivek
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2015

description: The engineering of laminated composite structures is a complex task for design engineers and manufacturers, requiring significant management of manufacturing process and materials information. Ontologies are becoming increasingly commonplace for semantically representing knowledge in a formal manner that facilitates sharing of rich information between people and applications. Moreover, ontologies can support first-order logic and reasoning by rule engines that enhance automation. To support the engineering of laminated composite structures, this work developed a novel Semantic LAminated Composites Knowledge management System (SLACKS) that is based on a suite of ontologies for laminated composites materials and design for manufacturing (DFM) and their integration into a previously developed engineering design framework. By leveraging information from CAD/FEA tools and materials data from online public databases, SLACKS uniquely enables software tools and people to interoperate, to improve communication and automate reasoning during the design process. With SLACKS, this research shows the power of integrating relevant domains of the product lifecycle, such as design, analysis, manufacturing and materials selection through the engineering case study of a wind turbine blade. The integration reveals a usable product lifecycle knowledge tool that can facilitate efficient knowledge creation, retrieval and reuse, from design inception to manufacturing of the product.
Magnesium hydride protects against acetaminophen-induced acute kidney injury by inhibiting TXNIP/NLRP3/nf-κb pathway
Creators: name: Si, Yachen
name: Liu, Lulu
name: Zhang, Yinyin
name: Li, Hongxia
name: Zhao, Tingting
name: Liu, Su
name: Sun, Xuejun
name: Cheng, Jin
name: Lu, Hongtao
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology

description: Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute kidney injury (APAP-AKI) has turned into one of reasons for clinic obtained renal insufficiency. Magnesium hydride (MgH2), as a solid-state hydrogen source, might be potentially applied in clinical practice. The current study aimed to investigate the protective effect of MgH2 against APAP-AKI. The results showed that MgH2 improved renal function and histological injury in mice of APAP-AKI. MgH2 also had protective effects on APAP-induced cytotoxicity in HK-2 cells. In addition, the increased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and expressions of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) and pro-apoptotic factors (Bad, Bax, Caspase3, and CytC) induced by APAP were downregulated with MgH2 treatment. Furthermore, the expressions of molecules related to TXNIP/NLRP3/NF-κB pathway (TXNIP, NLRP3, NF-κB p65 and p-NF-κB p65) in renal tissues and HK-2 cells were enhanced by APAP overdose, which were reduced by MgH2 administration. Collectively, this study indicated that MgH2 protects against APAP-AKI by alleviating oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis via inhibition of TXNIP/NLRP3/NF-κB signaling pathway.
2019 Mobile and web-based application to get solutions from drug addiction- Telepsychiatry perspective.pdfMobile and web-based application to get solutions from drug addiction- Telepsychiatry perspective
Creators: name: Dr Mazumder
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 80301 Bioinformatics Software
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 80702 Health Informatics
subject: FOS: Media and communications
subject: 80503 Networking and Communications
subject: 80502 Mobile Technologies

description: Mazumder AH, Rushdy MA, Mahmud MT, Sharma A, Zhyvolozhnyi A, Samoylenko A, Bart G, Huttula M, Yoshii H, Veijola J, Vainio S. Mobile and web-based application to get solutions from drug addiction- Telepsychiatry perspective. Ment Health Fam Med. 2019; 15: 868-876.
Estimating Access to a High Quality Diet for Older Adults in Springfield, Massachusetts
Creators: name: Ratchford, Nicole M
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2015

description: Seventy five percent of older adults are affected by multiple chronic diseases. Consuming a high quality diet consisting of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein assists with chronic disease prevention and management. Healthful food availability is a major determinant of individual eating behaviors. The purpose of the current study was to describe the types, variety, and density of food outlets and to estimate access to a high quality diet for older adults in an urban setting. The Community Nutrition Environment Evaluation Data System (C-NEEDS) survey and restaurant menus were used to determine availability of healthful food in thirteen neighborhoods in Springfield, Massachusetts. A "Dietary Guidelines for Americans Adherence Index Food Environment" (DGAIFE) algorithm was created to estimate access to a high quality diet based on the stores and restaurants within the study area. Environmental characteristics that are recognized as facilitators or barriers to a high quality diet were added to the DGAIFE algorithm to calculate a "Dietary Guidelines for Americans Adherence Index Food Environment plus Environmental Characteristics" (DGAIFEC) score. The DGAIFE and DGAIFEC score ranges for all study areas were 1.53-2.25 and 1.38-2.50, respectively (possible range 1.00 higher to 5.00 lower access). Access to a high quality diet is within reach but not equal across the thirteen study areas. The findings can be used by Registered Dietitians to guide clients to make healthful food choices in urban neighborhoods and provides information to improve public health policy to increase access to healthful foods.
Hidden Chern number in one-dimensional non-Hermitian chiral-symmetric systems
Creators: name: Brzezicki, Wojciech
name: Hyart, Timo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a class of one-dimensional non-Hermitian models with a special type of a chiral symmetry which is related to pseudo-Hermiticity. We show that the topology of a Hamiltonian belonging to this symmetry class is determined by a hidden Chern number described by an effective 2D Hermitian Hamiltonian $H^{\rm eff} (k, η)$, where $η$ is the imaginary part of the energy. This Chern number manifests itself as topologically protected in-gap end states at zero real part of the energy. We show that the bulk-boundary correspondence coming from the hidden Chern number is robust and immune to non-Hermitian skin effect. We introduce a minimal model Hamiltonian supporting topologically nontrivial phases in this symmetry class, derive its topological phase diagram and calculate the end states originating from the hidden Chern number.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures
Knowledge-scapes' in Archaeology: An Introduction
Creators: name: Jürcke, Friederike
name: Montes-Landa, Julia
name: Ceccarelli, Alessandro
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021

description: As part of the introduction to the ARC volume 35.2 on ‘knowledge-scapes’, this paper introduces the concept, its components and its application in archaeology. The origins, development and use of knowledge-scapes in the fields of cognitive theory and archaeology are explored and contextualized within current archaeological thinking. Practical approaches to the study of knowledge-scapes are also presented by using the papers published in this volume as case studies. These papers offer a variety of methods, datasets and approaches to identify, explore and interpret past landscapes of knowledge. We argue that the study of the dynamic transmission and transformation of knowledge in the past, including the related socio-cultural and material aspects, should be a core aspect of archaeological research.
The Role of Landscape Knowledge Networks in the Early Pleistocene Technological Variability of East Africa
Creators: name: Clark, James
name: Linares-Matás, Gonzalo
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021

description: Early human behaviour was related to the social knowledge of the landscape through an awareness of the spatio-temporal distribution of resources and the ability to successfully exploit that resource network. In this paper, we explore the dynamics of raw material procurement, technological manufacture and tool use in several Early Pleistocene assemblages from the Oldowan and Early Acheulean of East Africa. We argue that investment in lithic assemblages would have been dependent on the accumulation and consolidation of environmental knowledge through the adoption of food-procurement strategies allowing for predictable access to highly-ranked resources in open and seasonal environments. Integrating the plasticity of social knowledge networks as a population-dependent process with the relationship between procurement strategies and resource predictability within the landscape provides an interpretive framework that can explain and illustrate the broad scale technological differences present in Early Pleistocene assemblages.
The Economywide Impacts and Risks of Malawi’s Farm Input Subsidy Program
Creators: name: Arndt, Channing
name: Pauw, Karl
name: Thurlow, James
name: Arndt, Channing
name: Pauw, Karl
name: Thurlow, James
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: International Development
subject: Public Economics
subject: Program evaluation
subject: risk assessment
subject: economywide model
subject: farm subsidies
subject: Malawi.

description: We estimate the impact of Malawi’s Farm Input Subsidy Program using an economywide approach. We find potentially substantial net benefits with indirect benefits accounting for about two-fifths of total benefits. Due to these indirect benefits, the cutoff at which lower fertilizer yield response rates lead to net program losses is much lower than the value suggested by existing partial equilibrium evaluations. Benefits decline with domestic financing and real fertilizer prices increases. Abstracting from extreme events, Malawi’s program potentially generates double-dividends through higher and more drought-resilient yields. Overall, our results buttress arguments for patience and a focus on program efficiency improvements.