cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Protochemical and crystallographic studies on Dimethyl 9,10-Dihydro-9-Methyl-9,10-Ethenoanthracene-11,12-Dicarbosylate
Creators: name: Pokkuluri, Phani Raj
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The photochemistry of dimethyl 9,10-dihydro-9-methyl-9,10-etheno-anthracene-11,12-dicarboxylate (5) was studied in solution as well as in the solid state. Upon direct irradiation in solution, three products were obtained, two of which were identified as regioisomeric products of the di-π-methane rearrangement (derivatives of semibull-valene) and the other a derivative of dibenzocyclooctatetraene. When sensitized (by acetone, xanthone or benzophenone) in solution, only the di-π-methane rearrangement products were obtained, suggesting that the other photoproduct obtained in direct irradiation might be a singlet-derived product. In acetonitrile approximately 65% of the photochemical reaction observed was di-π-methane rearrangement. Solid state irradiations mainly resulted in di-π-methane rearrangement but with a reversal of product selectivity from that observed in solution. The X-ray crystal structure of the starting material indicates that one of the ester groups is conjugated to the central double bond while the other is non-conjugated. Radical stabilization through conjugation with the ester carbonyl group is consistent with the major product formed in the solid state. A regular decrease in the photoproduct selectivity was observed with the extent of grinding of the crystals, and this may be attributed to a lower regioselectivity at the surface than that within the bulk of the crystal. Irradiation in a KBr matrix resulted not only in producing more presumed singlet product, but also in the enhancement of the rate of the reaction. Also the singlet photoproduct was found to be produced more when pressure was applied in the solid state. Thus, the photochemical reaction of 5 was found to be sensitive to the environment in which the reaction is taking place. Irradiation of a solid solution of 1% xanthone and the starting material demonstrated the possibility of solid-state sensitization. The sensitized irradiations in the solid state were found to produce more of the presumed singlet product, and triplet-triplet annihilation was suggested as one of the possible explanations.
Air Fluorescence Relevant for Cosmic-Ray Detection - Review of Pioneering Measurements
Creators: name: Arqueros, Fernando
name: Hoerandel, Joerg R.
name: Keilhauer, Bianca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmic rays with energies exceeding $10^{17}$ eV are frequently registered by measurements of the fluorescence light emitted by extensive air showers. The main uncertainty for the absolute energy scale of the measured air showers is coming from the fluorescence light yield of electrons in air. The fluorescence light yield has been studied in laboratory experiments. Pioneering measurements between 1954 and 2000 are reviewed.
description: Nucl. Instr. & Meth. in press
Exoplanet Statistics and Theoretical Implications
Creators: name: Zhu, Wei
name: Dong, Subo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the last few years, significant advances have been made in understanding the distributions of exoplanet populations and the architecture of planetary systems. We review the recent progress of planet statistics, with a focus on the inner
description: Authors' version of invited review to be published in Annual Reviews of Astronomy and Astrophysics (2021)
A Curvature Principle for the interaction between universes
Creators: name: Bertolami, Orfeu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a Curvature Principle to describe the dynamics of interacting universes in a multi-universe scenario and show, in the context of a simplified model, how interaction drives the cosmological constant of one of the universes toward a vanishingly small value. We also conjecture on how the proposed Curvature Principle suggests a solution for the entropy paradox of a universe where the cosmological constant vanishes.
description: Essay selected for an honorable mention by the Gravity Research Foundation, 2007. Plain latex, 8 pages
Will Betelguese Explode?
Creators: name: Hasan, Priya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Since October 2019, Betelgeuse began to dim noticeably and by January 2020 its brightness had dropped by a factor of approximately 2.5, demoting it from the position of the top (apparent) brightest 11 th star to the 21 st!!! Astronomers were excited and thought of it as the lull before the storm, Betelguese was ready to go supernova!!! This article is aimed more as a case study where we show how this question was answered using scientific arguments and data. It will also highlight the importance of supernovae to human existence and give a brief discussion on the evolution of massive stars. And also, answer the question!!!
description: Accepted in Resonance
Electromagnetic wave scattering by many conducting small particles
Creators: name: Ramm, A. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 78A45, 35J25

description: A rigorous theory of electromagnetic (EM) wave scattering by small perfectly conducting particles is developed. The limiting case when the number of particles tends to infinity is discussed.
Constraining Dark Energy From Splitting Angle Statistic of Strong Gravitational Lenses
Creators: name: Zhang, Qing-Jun
name: Cheng, Ling-Mei
name: Wu, Yue-Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Utilizing the CLASS statistical sample, we investigate the constraint of the splitting angle statistic of strong gravitational lenses(SGL) on the equation-of-state parameter $w=p/ρ$ of the dark energy in the flat cold dark matter cosmology. Through the comoving number density of dark halos described by Press-Schechter theory, dark energy affects the efficiency with which dark-matter concentrations produce strong lensing signals. The constraints on both constant $w$ and time-varying $w(z)=w_0+w_az/(1+z)$ from the SGL splitting angle statistic are consistently obtained by adopting a two model combined mechanism of dark halo density profile matched at the mass scale $M_c$. Our main observations are: (a) the resulting model parameter $M_c$ is found to be $M_c \sim 1.4$ for both constant $w$ and time-varying $w(z)$, which is larger than $M_c \sim 1$ obtained in literatures; (b) the fitting results for the constant $w$ are found to be $w =-0.89^{+0.49}_{-0.26}$ and $w =-0.94^{+0.57}_{-0.16}$ for the source redshift distributions of the Gaussian models $g(z_s)$ and $g^c(z_s)$ respectively, which are consistent with the $Λ\rm CDM$ at 95% C.L; (c) the time-varying $w(z)$ is found to be for $σ_8 = 0.74$: $(M_c; w_0, w_a)=(1.36; -0.92, -1.31)$ and $(M_c; w_0, w_a)=(1.38; -0.89, -1.21)$ for $g(z_s)$ and $g^c(z_s)$ respectively.
description: 30 pages, 10 figures, references added, improved version to be published in ApJ
Additional file 4 of NMNAT2 supports vesicular glycolysis via NAD homeostasis to fuel fast axonal transport
Creators: name: Yang, Sen
name: Niou, Zhen-Xian
name: Enriquez, Andrea
name: LaMar, Jacob
name: Huang, Jui-Yen
name: Ling, Karen
name: Jafar-Nejad, Paymaan
name: Gilley, Jonathan
name: Coleman, Michael P.
name: Tennessen, Jason M.
name: Rangaraju, Vidhya
name: Lu, Hui-Chen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 4.
A fluorescence study of the COOH-terminus region of equine platelet tropomyosin
Creators: name: Clark, Ian David
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The use of fluorescent molecules as probes of protein conformation is recognized as a technique which provides very specific information and has been applied, in recent years, to the study of the role of tropomyosin (TM) in the regulation of contractile processes. The isolation and sequencing of TM from horse blood platelets (P-TM) has shown it to be different from muscle TM, especially near the NH₂-and COOH-termini. These differences have been suggested to weaken end-to-end interaction of P-TM molecules. TM's are two chain coiled coils and P-TM has cysteine residues at the penultimate COOH-terminus position of adjacent chains. These can be labelled with sulfhydryl-specific fluorescent probes that reflect conformational changes in that region of the molecule via changes in their emission characteristics. The results of experiments on both pyrene (Py) (40) and acrylodan (AD) labelled P-TM show that there is a preferred interaction of the COOH-terminus of P-TM with the NH₂-terminus of cardiac TM over that with the NH₂-terminus of P-TM. This indicates that the altered NH₂-terminus of P-TM, with respect to muscle TM, is responsible for the relative loss of polymerizability of P-TM at low salt concentration. Addition of actin to the Py-P-TM (40) and AD-P-TM species showed changes in emission characteristics indicative of binding to the F-actin filaments, suggesting that the presence of the probes had not affected the function of the P-TM adversely. However, the presence of pyrenes at the COOH-terminus seemed to reduce further the ability of P-TM to self-polymerize. Thermal denaturation of AD-P-TM, AD-C-TM and AD-labelled truncated P-TM followed by fluorescence polarization suggested that, contrary to the theory of Skolnick and Holtzer on the stability of two chain coiled coils, the region towards the COOH-terminus is among the last to lose its helical character.
A New Fracture Function Approach to QCD Initial State Radiation
Creators: name: Ceccopieri, Federico A.
name: Trentadue, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ordinary fracture functions, describing hadrons production in the deep inelastic scattering target fragmentation region, are generalized to account for the production of hadrons in arbitrary number, thus offering a renewed framework for dealing with QCD initial state radiation. We also propose a new jet-like observable which measures beam remnants and low-$p_{\perp}$ scattering fragments and derive its QCD evolution equations by using Jet Calculus. Possible implications for semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering and hadron-hadron reactions are shortly discussed.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, revtex4
Quasi-convex density and determining subgroups of compact abelian groups
Creators: name: Dikranjan, Dikran
name: Shakhmatov, Dmitri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 22C05(Primary); 54H11, 22A05 (Secondary)

description: For an abelian topological group G let G^* denote the dual group of all continuous characters endowed with the compact open topology. Given a closed subset X of an infinite compact abelian group G such that w(X) < w(G) and an open neighbourhood U of 0 in the circle group, we show that the set of all characters which send X into U has the same size as G^*. (Here, w(G) denotes the weight of G.) A subgroup D of G determines G if the restriction homomorphism G^* --> D^* is an isomorphism between G^* and D^*. We prove that w(G) = min {|D|: D is a subgroup of G that determines G} for every infinite compact abelian group G. In particular, an infinite compact abelian group determined by a countable subgroup is metrizable. This gives a negative answer to questions of Comfort, Hernandez, Macario, Raczkowski and Trigos-Arrieta. As an application, we furnish a short elementary proof of the result from [13] that a compact abelian group G is metrizable provided that every dense subgroup of G determines G.
description: 11 pages. The proof of Lemma 3.6 (from version 2) has been significantly simplified and shorten. 2 lemmas and 4 references have been added. The order of the material has been substantially changed as well
Matching with shift for one-dimensional Gibbs measures
Creators: name: Collet, P.
name: Giardina, C.
name: Redig, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 60K35, 92D20 (Primary)

description: We consider matching with shifts for Gibbsian sequences. We prove that the maximal overlap behaves as $c\log n$, where $c$ is explicitly identified in terms of the thermodynamic quantities (pressure) of the underlying potential. Our approach is based on the analysis of the first and second moment of the number of overlaps of a given size. We treat both the case of equal sequences (and nonzero shifts) and independent sequences.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/08-AAP588 the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Identifying the Coronal Source Regions of Solar Wind Streams from Total Solar Eclipse Observations and in situ Measurements Extending Over a Solar Cycle
Creators: name: Habbal, Shadia R.
name: Druckmuller, Miloslav
name: Alzate, Nathalia
name: Ding, Adalbert
name: Johnson, Judd
name: Starha, Pavel
name: Hoderova, Jana
name: Boe, Benjamin
name: Constantinou, Sage
name: Arndt, Martina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This Letter capitalizes on a unique set of total solar eclipse observations, acquired between 2006 and 2020, in white light, Fe XI 789.2 nm ($\rm T_{fexi}$ = $1.2 \pm 0.1$ MK) and Fe XIV 530.3 nm ($\rm T_{fexiv}$ = $ 1.8 \pm 0.1$ MK) emission, complemented by in situ Fe charge state and proton speed measurements from ACE/SWEPAM-SWICS, to identify the source regions of different solar wind streams. The eclipse observations reveal the ubiquity of open structures, invariably associated with Fe XI emission from $\rm Fe^{10+}$, hence a constant electron temperature, $\rm T_{c}$ = $\rm T_{fexi}$, in the expanding corona. The in situ Fe charge states are found to cluster around $\rm Fe^{10+}$, independently of the 300 to 700 km $\rm s^{-1}$ stream speeds, referred to as the continual solar wind. $\rm Fe^{10+}$ thus yields the fiducial link between the continual solar wind and its $\rm T_{fexi}$ sources at the Sun. While the spatial distribution of Fe XIV emission, from $\rm Fe^{13+}$, associated with streamers, changes throughout the solar cycle, the sporadic appearance of charge states $> \rm Fe^{11+}$, in situ, exhibits no cycle dependence regardless of speed. These latter streams are conjectured to be released from hot coronal plasmas at temperatures $\ge \rm T_{fexiv}$ within the bulge of streamers and from active regions, driven by the dynamic behavior of prominences magnetically linked to them. The discovery of continual streams of slow, intermediate and fast solar wind, characterized by the same $\rm T_{fexi}$ in the expanding corona, places new constraints on the physical processes shaping the solar wind.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Systematics of collective correlation energies from self-consistent mean-field calculations
Creators: name: Klüpfel, P.
name: Erler, J.
name: Reinhard, P. --G.
name: Maruhn, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The collective ground-state correlations stemming from low-lying quadrupole excitations are computed microscopically. To that end, the self-consistent mean-field model is employed on the basis of the Skyrme-Hartre-Fock (SHF) functional augmented by BCS pairing. The microscopic-macroscopic mapping is achieved by quadrupole-constrained mean-field calculations which are processed further in the generator-coordinate method (GCM) at the level of the Gaussian overlap approximation (GOA). We study the correlation effects on energy, charge radii, and surface thickness for a great variety of semi-magic nuclei. A key issue is to work out the influence of variations of the SHF functional. We find that collective ground-state correlations (GSC) are robust under change of nuclear bulk properties (e.g., effective mass, symmetry energy) or of spin-orbit coupling. Some dependence on the pairing strength is observed. This, however, does not change the general conclusion that collective GSC obey a general pattern and that their magnitudes are rather independent of the actual SHF parameters.
description: 13 pages, 13 figures
UCGretina GEANT4 Simulation of the GRETINA Gamma-Ray Energy Tracking Array
Creators: name: Riley, L. A.
name: Weisshaar, D.
name: Crawford, H. L.
name: Agiorgousis, M. L.
name: Campbell, C. M.
name: Cromaz, M.
name: Fallon, P.
name: Gade, A.
name: Gregory, S. D.
name: Haldeman, E. B.
name: Jarvis, L. R.
name: Lawson-John, E. D.
name: Roberts, B.
name: Sadler, B. V.
name: Stine, C. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: UCGretina, a GEANT4 simulation of the GRETINA gamma-ray tracking array of highly-segmented high-purity germanium detectors is described. We have developed a model of the array, in particular of the Quad Module and the capsules, that gives good agreement between simulated and measured photopeak efficiencies over a broad range of gamma-ray energies and reproduces the shape of the measured Compton continuum. Both of these features are needed in order to accurately extract gamma-ray yields from spectra collected in in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy measurements with beams traveling at $v/c \gtrsim 0.3$ at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory and the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams. In the process of developing the model, we determined that millimeter-scale layers of passive germanium surrounding the active volumes of the simulated crystals must be included in order to reproduce measured photopeak efficiencies. We adopted a simple model of effective passive layers and developed heuristic methods of determining passive-layer thicknesses by comparison of simulations and measurements for a single crystal and for the full array. Prospects for future development of the model are discussed.
description: 26 pages, 12 figures
SO(3) Gauge Symmetry and Nearly Tri-bimaximal Neutrino Mixing
Creators: name: Wu, Yue-Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this note I mainly focus on the neutrino physics part in my talk and report the most recent progress made in \cite{YLW0}. It is seen that the Majorana features of neutrinos and SO(3) gauge flavor symmetry can simultaneously explain the smallness of neutrino masses and nearly tri-bimaximal neutrino mixing when combining together with the mechanism of approximate global U(1) family symmetry. The mixing angle $θ_{13}$ and CP-violating phase are in general nonzero and testable experimentally at the allowed sensitivity. The model also predicts the existence of vector-like Majorana neutrinos and charged leptons as well as new Higgs bosons, some of them can be light and explored at the LHC and ILC.
description: 8 pages, invited talk, contribute to the Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Flavor Physics (ICFP2007)
Entanglement minimization in hadronic scattering with pions
Creators: name: Beane, Silas R.
name: Farrell, Roland C.
name: Varma, Mira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent work arXiv:1812.03138 [nucl-th] conjectured that entanglement is minimized in low-energy hadronic scattering processes. It was shown that the minimization of the entanglement power (EP) of the low-energy baryon-baryon $S$-matrix implies novel spin-flavor symmetries that are distinct from large-$N_c$ QCD predictions and are confirmed by high-precision lattice QCD simulations. Here the conjecture of minimal entanglement is investigated for scattering processes involving pions and nucleons. The EP of the $S$-matrix is constructed for the $ππ$ and $πN$ systems, and the consequences of minimization of entanglement are discussed and compared with large-$N_c$ QCD expectations.
description: 18 pages, 2 figures. References and clarifications added in v2
An approximate theory for substructure propagation in clusters
Creators: name: Prokhorov, Dmitry A.
name: Durret, Florence
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The existence of dark matter can be proved in an astrophysical context by the discovery of a system in which the observed baryons and the inferred dark matter are spatially segregated, such as the bullet cluster (1E0657-558). The full descriptions of the dark matter halo and X-ray gas substructure motions are necessary to forecast the location of the dark halo from X-ray maps, which can be confirmed by the detection of a galaxy concentration or by gravitational lensing. We present an analytical hydrodynamic model to determine the distance between the X-ray and dark-matter components and the Mach number of the merger shock. An approximate solution is given for the problem of the substructure propagation in merging clusters. A new method to predict the position of a dark matter halo in clusters, where there is a separation between the X-ray gas and the dark halo, is proposed and applied to the clusters 1E0657-558 and Abell 1763.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
A Study Of Intermittent Convective Heating Effects On Fine Fuel Ignition
Creators: name: Benny, Lana
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Engineering
subject: Flames
subject: Ignition
subject: Intermittent
subject: Wildland fire

description: Recent studies have suggested the potential importance of intermittent convective heating on the ignition of fine fuels during wildland fire spread. In this study, a novel pulsed-gas line burner similar to a Rubens' tube, driven by acoustic oscillations, is used to re-create the pulsations observed in wildland fires in a controlled environment. After acoustically stimulating a long tube with perforations at the top, creating a pulsed linear flame, thin fuels with different densities and diameters are quickly placed in the center of the flame. The temperature of these fuels is measured using an infrared camera, distinguishing the temperature at which the fuel starts to pyrolyze. As expected, smaller-diameter fuels ignite faster when exposed to flames; however, they also are least affected by intermittent heating. Larger-diameter fuels are more dramatically affected by intermittent heating frequencies, in large part due to cooling effects between pulses and the larger thermal mass of the fuels. The results are discussed and compared with a simple numerical model incorporating measured velocities and temperatures present in the burner and their effect on a thermally-thin fuel element over time.
PERFORMANCE OF LINK SLAB USING ECC AND UHPC
Creators: name: Li, Naiyi
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Civil engineering
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: Bridge Engineering
subject: ECC
subject: Finite Element Analysis
subject: Link Slab
subject: Structural Engineering
subject: UHPC

description: Conventional bridge design has been challenged by durability and reliability issues due to expansion joints. Chloride-contaminated infiltration and debris accumulation in traditional expansion joints affect the bridge performance negatively. Link slab has emerging as an effective alternative in bridge rehabilitation and design by eliminating expansion joints while the bridge structure remains simply supported. Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) and Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) are desired material in link slab application due to their high strength and tensile ductility. Presented in this thesis is a research project conducted by the BEST center at the University of Maryland to study link slab application with UHPC and ECC. Two bridge models were generated for finite element analysis. In addition, a field test was prepared. Experiments were carried out to study material properties of ECC and UHPC for a preliminary assessment of link slab performance using these materials. Results found that ECC and UHPC are adequate for link slab for their strength, high tensile ductility and fine cracks development.
Revisiting the Conformally Soft Sector with Celestial Diamonds
Creators: name: Pasterski, Sabrina
name: Puhm, Andrea
name: Trevisani, Emilio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Celestial diamonds encode the structure of global conformal multiplets in 2D celestial CFT and offer a natural language for describing the conformally soft sector. The operators appearing at their left and right corners give rise to conformally soft factorization theorems, the bottom corners correspond to conserved charges, and the top corners to conformal dressings. We show that conformally soft charges can be expressed in terms of light ray integrals that select modes of the appropriate conformal weights. They reside at the bottom corners of memory diamonds, and ascend to generalized currents. We then identify the top corners of the associated Goldstone diamonds with conformal Faddeev-Kulish dressings and compute the sub-leading conformally soft dressings in gauge theory and gravity which are important for finding nontrivial central extensions. Finally, we combine these ingredients to speculate on 2D effective descriptions for the conformally soft sector of celestial CFT.
description: 34 pages, 2 figures
ECO-HABITATS - USING ECOLOGICAL DESIGN FOR AMPHIBIAN AND REPTILE HABITATS ON GOLF COURSES: CASE STUDY AT LANGSTON GOLF COURSE, WASHINGTON, D.C.
Creators: name: Simpson, Lotoia
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Landscape architecture
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Recreation

description: Habitat restoration is useful to address the loss of amphibian and reptile habitats in the built environment. Golf courses provide the opportunity to implement best management practices and best development practices features to improve habitats for amphibians and reptiles. In addition, golf courses, through creative programming offer opportunities to provide education about amphibians and reptiles. This research project focuses on the application of vernal pools and regenerative stream conveyance (RSC) interventions for Langston Golf Course, a historically designated golf course in Washington, D.C. In addition, the implementation of additional programming allows for educational opportunities about amphibians and reptiles for expanded variety of users beyond golfers.
THE COMPARISON OF TOTAL AND PHASED EVACUATION STRATEGIES FOR A HIGH-RISE OFFICE BUILDING
Creators: name: Zhai, Luying
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Engineering
subject: comparison
subject: egress model
subject: evacuation
subject: MassMotion
subject: phased
subject: total

description: This research work aims to explore the difference between total and phased evacuation strategies in high-rise office buildings and provide guidance on evacuation strategies for decision-makers in determining allowable occupant load. This work focuses on evaluating the principal factors (building height and occupant load) that may have an impact on egress time and provides a comparison of total versus phased evacuation in a hypothetical high-rise office building through a computer simulation using MassMotion. The comparison is separated into two aspects: total egress time and floor clearing time. The current thesis determined that the difference of total egress time between these two strategies increases with increased building height. The difference of total egress time between total and phased evacuation is from 165 to 878 seconds with the heights of building from 11 stories to 31 stories, respectively. The floor clearing time for the affected floors is similar in total evacuation strategy in different building heights. Also, in various building heights, the floor clearing time for affected floors has little difference in phased evacuation strategy. Moreover, this thesis depicted a graph of the floor clearing time in these two fire strategies with different occupant load factors. If a phased evacuation strategy is implemented, a decrease in the occupant load factor can be accommodated which results in the same floor clearing time as for a total evacuation strategy. The current thesis generated an equation to estimate the decrease in the occupant load factor between total and phased evacuation based on the same floor clearing time. There is a limited research work available for the comparison of total and phased evacuation. This research work provides guidance for building planners and engineers in determining total and phased evacuation strategies for high-rise office buildings. For the buildings studied, an equation is provided for engineers to quantify the impact of differences in total and phased evacuations.
Application of Innovative Risk Analysis Techniques to Examine International Vessel Safety Management System Failures
Creators: name: Gates, Kimberly Marie
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Systems science
subject: Barrier BowTie
subject: Port State Control
subject: Potential Problem Analysis
subject: Risk Analysis
subject: Safety Management System
subject: Vessel Safety Management System

description: The International Safety Management (ISM) Code, made mandatory in 1998, dictates the implementation of a Safety Management System (SMS) on every vessel engaged in international shipping. This international standard provides a loose framework around which SMS procedures are required to be written, placing implementation of safety management into the hands of individual companies. In this thesis, vessel safety management systems are viewed through the lens of systems engineering, complete with requirements, user roles, and standards of failure. Furthermore, this thesis analyzes the risks of improperly implemented safety management systems onboard commercial vessels utilizing a hybrid of the Barrier-BowTie Model and Potential Problem Analysis Integration. Additionally, the risk analysis in this thesis stems from trends associated with international (non-United States flagged) vessel detentions in U.S. ports and the related detention-related deficiencies found during U.S. Coast Guard Port State examinations. Lastly, an extensive literature review into similar studies is included.
Pliobatidae Alba, Almécija, DeMiguel, Fortuny, Ríos, Pina, Robles & Moyà-Solà, 2015, fam. nov.
Creators: name: David M. Alba
name: Sergio Almécija
name: Daniel DeMiguel
name: Josep Fortuny
name: Miriam Pérez de los Ríos
name: Marta Pina
name: Josep M. Robles
name: Salvador Moyà-Solà
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Primates
Pliobatidae

description: Family Pliobatidae fam. nov.
Type genus:
 Pliobates gen. nov.,
whose diagnosis is as for its type (and only) species, described below.
description: Published as part of David M. Alba, Sergio Almécija, Daniel DeMiguel, Josep Fortuny, Miriam Pérez de los Ríos, Marta Pina, Josep M. Robles & Salvador Moyà-Solà, 2015, Miocene small-bodied ape from Eurasia sheds light on hominoid evolution, pp. 1-11 in Science 350 (6260) on page 4, DOI: 10.1126/science.aab2625, http://zenodo.org/record/269424
TWO STRIKES AND YOU’RE OUT: THE CONVERGENCE OF COLD WAR POLITICS, LABOR, AND ETHNIC TENSIONS IN THE JULY 1946 STRIKES AT KIRKUK AND ABADAN
Creators: name: Hobson, Tiffany Claire
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Middle Eastern history
subject: History
subject: Middle Eastern studies
subject: Abadan
subject: Ethnicity
subject: Iran
subject: Iraq
subject: Kirkuk
subject: Labor

description: This thesis explores the convergence of Cold War politics, labor issues, and ethnic conflict on the local scale during the labor strikes which occurred in July 1946 at the oil refineries in Kirkuk, Iraq and Abadan, Iran. The roles of the local communist parties in leading the strikes are weighed against the workers' economic concerns to determine that the workers’ motivations for striking extended beyond political support for any particular party, and claims that the violence which ended the strikes was the result of inherent ethnic conflicts are debunked through examination of both regions’ ethnic histories.
SYSTEMS MODELING AND TECHNO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS FOR reACT NET-ZERO ENERGY HOME
Creators: name: BHAT, AKANKSHA
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Energy
subject: Sustainability
subject: Systems science
subject: Net-Zero Energy
subject: NREL
subject: reACT
subject: REopt
subject: Systems Modeling
subject: Techno-economic Analysis

description: Net-Zero Energy building designs have become ubiquitous within modern sustainable city frameworks because of their ability to minimize adverse ecological impact, through the integration of energy efficiency principles with renewable energy generation sources. This study presents the key accomplishments and research methodology for the detailed modeling and techno-economic assessment of Net Zero energy homes, conducted in collaboration between the A. James Clark School of Engineering and the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). The University of Maryland’s 2017 award-winning reACT virtual system has been used as a prototype for modeling and assessment efforts. By amalgamating elements of Model-based Systems Engineering design with NREL’s REopt optimization platform, the research aims to minimize system lifecycle costs for Net-Zero energy homes through the optimization of available generation resources, which will in turn proliferate and encourage the adoption of Net Zero Energy homes across global communities.
Gravitational Instability in Radiation Pressure Dominated Backgrounds
Creators: name: Thompson, Todd A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I consider the physics of gravitational instabilities in the presence of dynamically important radiation pressure and gray radiative diffusion, governed by a constant opacity, kappa. For any non-zero radiation diffusion rate on an optically-thick scale, the medium is unstable unless the classical gas-only isothermal Jeans criterion is satisfied. When diffusion is "slow," although the dynamical Jeans instability is stabilized by radiation pressure on scales smaller than the adiabatic Jeans length, on these same spatial scales the medium is unstable to a diffusive mode. In this regime, neglecting gas pressure, the characteristic timescale for growth is independent of spatial scale and given by (3 kappa c_s^2)/(4 pi G c), where c_s is the adiabatic sound speed. This timescale is that required for a fluid parcel to radiate away its thermal energy content at the Eddington limit, the Kelvin-Helmholz timescale for a radiation pressure supported self-gravitating object. In the limit of "rapid" diffusion, radiation does nothing to suppress the Jeans instability and the medium is dynamically unstable unless the gas-only Jeans criterion is satisfied. I connect with treatments of Silk damping in the early universe. I discuss several applications, including photons diffusing in regions of extreme star formation (starburst galaxies & pc-scale AGN disks), and the diffusion of cosmic rays in normal galaxies and galaxy clusters. The former (particularly, starbursts) are "rapidly" diffusing and thus cannot be supported against dynamical instability in the linear regime by radiation pressure alone. The latter are more nearly "slowly" diffusing. I speculate that the turbulence in starbursts may be driven by the dynamical coupling between the radiation field and the self-gravitating gas, perhaps mediated by magnetic fields. (Abridged)
description: 15 pages; accepted to ApJ
Comparison between Eulerian diagnostics and finite-size Lyapunov exponents computed from altimetry in the Algerian basin
Creators: name: d'Ovidio, F.
name: Isern-Fontanet, J.
name: Lopez, C.
name: Hernandez-Garcia, E.
name: Garcia-Ladona, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transport and mixing properties of surface currents can be detected from altimetric data by both Eulerian and Lagrangian diagnostics. In contrast with Eulerian diagnostics, Lagrangian tools like the local Lyapunov exponents have the advantage of exploiting both spatial and temporal variability of the velocity field and are in principle able to unveil subgrid filaments generated by chaotic stirring. However, one may wonder whether this theoretical advantage is of practical interest in real-data, mesoscale and submesoscale analysis, because of the uncertainties and resolution of altimetric products, and the non-passive nature of biogeochemical tracers. Here we compare the ability of standard Eulerian diagnostics and the finite-size Lyapunov exponent in detecting instantaneaous and climatological transport and mixing properties. By comparing with sea-surface temperature patterns, we find that the two diagnostics provide similar results for slowly evolving eddies like the first Alboran gyre. However, the Lyapunov exponent is also able to predict the (sub-)mesoscale filamentary process occuring along the Algerian current and above the Balearic Abyssal Plain. Such filaments are also observed, with some mismatch, in sea-surface temperature patterns. Climatologies of Lyapunov exponents do not show any compact relation with other Eulerian diagnostics, unveiling a different structure even at the basin scale. We conclude that filamentation dynamics can be detected by reprocessing available altimetric data with Lagrangian tools, giving insight into (sub-)mesoscale stirring processes relevant to tracer observations and complementing traditional Eulerian diagnostics.
TOOTH RESORPTION AND RISK FOR ANESTHETIC COMPLICATION DURING ANESTHETIZED DENTAL PROCEDURES IN DOMESTIC FELINES
Creators: name: Jenkins, Emily J
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Epidemiology
subject: anesthesia
subject: cat
subject: dental
subject: feline
subject: resorption
subject: tooth

description: Tooth resorption (TR) in felines may present an increased risk for complications during dental procedures, and it is currently unknown whether oral examination is a valid diagnostic method for type 1 TR. Using existing data from 1,530 felines from a large veterinary hospital in Washington, D.C., I examined the association between type 1 TR and complication under anesthesia during a dental procedure, and the validity of oral examination as a diagnostic tool. Controlling for breed, weight, age, sex, hematocrit, total protein, technician, veterinarian, and presence of oral and systemic disease, type 1 TR was associated with a complication under anesthesia during a dental procedure (p<0.0001). Sensitivity (93.1%) and specificity (97.6%) support the reliability of oral examination for diagnosing type 1 TR. Veterinarians can proactively anticipate lower blood pressures when anesthetizing felines with type 1 TR. There are similarities between TR in humans and felines, and further research is needed on the pathophysiology and health implications of TR in both species.
Classical Nucleation Theory of the One-Component Plasma
Creators: name: Cooper, Randall L.
name: Bildsten, Lars
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the crystallization rate of a one-component plasma (OCP) in the context of classical nucleation theory. From our derivation of the free energy of an arbitrary distribution of solid clusters embedded in a liquid phase, we derive the steady-state nucleation rate of an OCP as a function of the Coulomb coupling parameter. Our result for the rate is in accord with recent molecular dynamics simulations, but it is greater than that of previous analytical estimates by many orders of magnitude. Further molecular dynamics simulations of the nucleation rate of a supercooled liquid OCP for several values of the coupling parameter would clarify the physics of this process.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure, accepted by PRE
Fermi-surface evolution across the magnetic phase transition in the Kondo lattice model
Creators: name: Lanata`, Nicola
name: Barone, Paolo
name: Fabrizio, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive, by means of an extended Gutzwiller wavefunction and within the Gutzwiller approximation, the phase diagram of the Kondo lattice model. We find that generically, namely in the absence of nesting, the model displays an $f$-electron Mott localization accompanied by a discontinuous change of the conduction electron Fermi surface as well as by magnetism. When the non interacting Fermi surface is close to nesting, the Mott localization disentangles from the onset of magnetism. First the paramagnetic heavy fermion metal turns continuously into an itinerant magnet - the Fermi surface evolves smoothly across the transition - and afterwards Mott localization intervenes with a discontinuous rearrangement of the Fermi surface. We find that the $f$-electron localization remains even if magnetism is prevented, and is still accompanied by a sharp transfer of spectral weigth at the Fermi energy within the Brillouin zone. We further show that the Mott localization can be also induced by an external magnetic field, in which case it occurs concomitantly with a metamagnetic transition.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures
VELOC: VEry Low Overhead Checkpointing in the Age of Exascale
Creators: name: Nicolae, Bogdan
name: Moody, Adam
name: Kosinovsky, Gregory
name: Mohror, Kathryn
name: Cappello, Franck
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Checkpointing large amounts of related data concurrently to stable storage is a common I/O pattern of many HPC applications. However, such a pattern frequently leads to I/O bottlenecks that lead to poor scalability and performance. As modern HPC infrastructures continue to evolve, there is a growing gap between compute capacity vs. I/O capabilities. Furthermore, the storage hierarchy is becoming increasingly heterogeneous: in addition to parallel file systems, it comprises burst buffers, key-value stores, deep memory hierarchies at node level, etc. In this context, state of art is insufficient to deal with the diversity of vendor APIs, performance and persistency characteristics. This extended abstract presents an overview of VeloC (Very Low Overhead Checkpointing System), a checkpointing runtime specifically design to address these challenges for the next generation Exascale HPC applications and systems. VeloC offers a simple API at user level, while employing an advanced multi-level resilience strategy that transparently optimizes the performance and scalability of checkpointing by leveraging heterogeneous storage.
title: Smart talent search как инструмент подбора персонала в социальных сетях в условиях вызовов BANI-мира
title: Smart Talent Search as a Tool for Personnel Recruitment via Social Media in Face of the BANI World Challenges
Creators: name: Чуланова, Оксана Леонидовна
name: Охотникова, Валерия Андреевна
Publisher: name: Издательский центр СурГУ
Year: 2021

description: В статье представлены результаты авторского исследования применения технологии социального найма на основе возможностей платформы Smart talent search, проведен сравнительный анализ платформ Smart talent search, HeadHunter и XING. Рассмотрены основные возможности и риски платформы Smart talent search, а также ее главные функции и уникальность. Представлены результаты авторского исследования применения платформы Smart talent search в организациях; приведена авторская логическая схема внедрения данной платформы, способствующая оптимизации подбора персонала с применением социальных сетей.
description: The article presents the results of the author’s research on the application of social recruitment technology based on the capabilities of Smart talent search platform. The comparative analysis of such platforms as Smart talent search, HeadHunter and XING is carried out. The main opportunities and risks of the Smart talent search platform, as well as its main functions and uniqueness are analyzed in the article. The results of the author’s research on the application of Smart talent search platform for recruitment in organizations are presented. The author’s logical scheme of implementation of the platform, which improves personnel recruitment using social media, is shown.
Westport Waterfront: An Alternative Approach to Post-Industrial Rejuvenation in Baltimore
Creators: name: Zhang, Keren
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Landscape architecture

description: Abandoned post-industrial sites are often seen as a representation of pollution and desolation. The neighborhoods near these sites, which no longer employ the local citizenry, often struggle with crime, unemployment and decaying residential and commercial properties. Nevertheless, post-industrial sites can contain some of the most interesting histories of the city and should be viewed as an opportunity for the local community to redevelop with meaning and purpose in a sustainable way. Like many post-industrial area, the Westport neighborhood in Baltimore struggles with crime, unemployment, housing abandonment and a lack of commercial properties, and is redesigned in thesis to explore how post-industrial site redevelopment can reconnect residents with waterfront and revive communities. This thesis will explore the options for establishing an equitable, viable and productive community that contributes to the well-being of the existing population through the reuse of the post-industrial waterfront property.