cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Nanoscale control of LaAlO3/SrTiO3 metal-insulator transition using ultra-low-voltage electron-beam lithography
Creators: name: Yang, Dengyu
name: Hao, Shan
name: Chen, Jun
name: Guo, Qing
name: Yu, Muqing
name: Hu, Yang
name: Eom, KiTae
name: Lee, Jung-Woo
name: Eom, Chang-Beom
name: Irvin, Patrick
name: Levy, Jeremy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a method to control the insulator-metal transition at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface using ultra-low-voltage electron beam lithography (ULV-EBL). Compared with previous reports that utilize conductive atomic-force-microscope lithography (c-AFM), this approach can provide comparable resolution (~10 nm) at write speeds (10 mm/s) that are up to 10,000x faster than c-AFM. The writing technique is non-destructive and the conductive state is reversible via prolonged exposure to air. Transport properties of representative devices are measured at milli-Kelvin temperatures, where superconducting behavior is observed. We also demonstrate the ability to create conducting devices on graphene/LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterostructures. The underlying mechanism is believed to be closely related to the same mechanism regulating c-AFM-based methods.
description: 4 figures
ANÁLISIS MICROECONÓMICO DE UNA UNIDAD REPRESENTATIVA DE PRODUCCIÓN DE CARNE DE OVINO EN EL ESTADO DE MÉXICO BAJO UN SISTEMA DE PRODUCCIÓN SEMI INTENSIVO
Creators: name: Orona Castillo, Ignacio
name: López Martínez, José Dimas
name: Vázquez Vázquez, Cirilo
name: Salazar Sosa, Enrique
name: Ramírez Ramírez., Manlio E.
name: Orona Castillo, Ignacio
name: López Martínez, José Dimas
name: Vázquez Vázquez, Cirilo
name: Salazar Sosa, Enrique
name: Ramírez Ramírez., Manlio E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: sheep meat
subject: panels
subject: profitability.

description: Mexico’s sheep cattle inventory in 2010 was 8.105 million head, mainly concentrated in the central part of this country, where it represents an important economic and social activity in the rural region. Nevertheless; traditionally, to support this production systems, the Mexican government through SAGARPA considers that all the producers dedicated to this production have equal technological conditions. The reality is that the producers are different to each other, by regions, organizations and inside of a locality, reason why the type of supports that canalize themselves must be adecuated to its needs and characteristics. The purpose of this paper is to present the economic and financial viability projection of a sheep meat Representative Producion Unit (RPU) conducted as a semi-intensive production system for the 2008-2018 period in the San Martin Tultepec Municipality located in the Estado de México. The necessary data to carry out this study and to form the producing PPU arose from producers panels, conducted in San Martín Tultepec Municipality. The economic analysis and simulation was carried out in the agri-economic model named MexSim, whose results show a positive future behavior.
title: Characterization and preparation of thermoluminescence dosimeters for surface and in vivo dose measurements
Creators: name: Thummerer, Adrian
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Protonenstrahlung
subject: Thermolumineszenzdetektoren
subject: Dosimetrie
subject: proton beams
subject: thermoluminescent detectors
subject: dosimetry

description: Due to their size, reusability and good accuracy thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs), are a valuable tool in radiation dosimetry. The properties of TLDs allow a convenient use in radiotherapy and radiation oncology not only for measurements in di↵erent types of phantoms but also for in-vivo dosimetry. The relatively small detectors can be conveniently placed in cavities and/or on surfaces to measure skin dose or dose close to organs at risk. This can help to verify treatment delivery. For future use of thermoluminescent detectors at MedAustron, the center for ion therapy and research in Wiener Neustadt, a set of TLD-100 detectors (LiF:Mg,Ti) was characterized and initial measurements were performed for use of TLDs in in-vivo and surface dose measurements. The sample-to-sample uniformity of TLDs was verified to be within the limits stated by the manufacturer. Individual sensitivity factors for TLDs were determined and the reproducibility limits, given by the manufacturer were fulfilled by most of the investigated TLDs. Furthermore TLDs were calibrated in 60Co and proton beams, where supralinearity was observed for both radiation types starting at the dose level of about 1 Gy. Individual sensitivity factors were applied to correct for varying sensitivity of TLDs. This reduced the standard deviation of measurements by 50 %. To investigate the response of thermoluminescent detectors in changing LET conditions, detectors were placed at several depths of a spread-out Bragg peak. The positioning of TLDs in multiple depths, without mutual shielding, was realized with in-house modified RW3 slabs. TLD results were compared to the response of radiochromic films, i.e. type EBT-3 and EBT-XD. For TLDs no quenching was observed in the investigated region of a spread-out Bragg peak while for EBT-3 and EBT-XD films the known LET dependence was confirmed. The investigated TLDs, corrected with corresponding sensitivity factors, had proven to be well suited for clinical applications. Nevertheless, the consistency in the process of using and treating TLDs is a very crucial aspect. In order to maintain the good outcome, regular quality assurance of all involved parts is strongly recommended.
LA ZARZAMORA, UN MERCADO POTENCIAL PARA LOS PRODUCTORES AGROPECUARIOS DE LA SIERRA DE SONORA
Creators: name: Coronado García, Manuel Arturo
name: García Porchas, Mercedes
name: Santiago Hernández, Víctor Guadalupe
name: Córdova Yánez, Alejandro
name: Vásquez Navarro, Rubén Ángel
name: Coronado García, Manuel Arturo
name: García Porchas, Mercedes
name: Santiago Hernández, Víctor Guadalupe
name: Córdova Yánez, Alejandro
name: Vásquez Navarro, Rubén Ángel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: blueberry
subject: Health and nutritional product
subject: health market
subject: commercial window
subject: seasonality.

description: The grocery goods healthy products, as the blueberry and other berry fruits, have grown up substantially as a demand increasement effect in the market of that kind of goods. There are some studies about this issue, and the project purpose is to contribute with relevant information to increase the results at Universidad de la Sierra work in the theme. With the information generated, the regional producers will be able to develop better practices and save time and resources in the blueberry market. Is a tradition from the past for regional producers to concentrate only in livestock and farming in a low scale level, and the blueberry will add a great option in the foreign market, especially in the current opportunity of the positive trend in the market.
Four-photon correction in two-photon Bell experiments
Creators: name: Scarani, Valerio
name: de Riedmatten, Hugues
name: Marcikic, Ivan
name: Zbinden, Hugo
name: Gisin, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Correlated photons produced by spontaneous parametric down-conversion are an essential tool for quantum communication, especially suited for long-distance connections. To have a reasonable count rate after all the losses in the propagation and the filters needed to improve the coherence, it is convenient to increase the intensity of the laser that pumps the non-linear crystal. By doing so, however, the importance of the four-photon component of the down-converted field increases, thus degrading the quality of two-photon interferences. In this paper, we present an easy derivation of this nuisance valid for any form of entanglement generated by down-conversion, followed by a full study of the problem for time-bin entanglement. We find that the visibility of two-photon interferences decreases as V=1-2ρ, where ρis, in usual situations, the probability per pulse of creating a detectable photon pair. In particular, the decrease of V is independent of the coherence of the four-photon term. Thanks to the fact that ρcan be measured independently of V, the experimental verification of our prediction is provided for two different configuration of filters.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures; published version
WAGNER’S LAW REVİSİTED: THE CASE OF NIGERIAN AGRICULTURAL SECTOR (1961 – 2012)
Creators: name: Ibok, Otu William
name: Bassey, Nsikan Edet
name: Ibok, Otu William
name: Bassey, Nsikan Edet
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Political Economy
subject: Public Economics
subject: Public spending
subject: economic growth
subject: Wagner’s Law
subject: cointegration
subject: causality

description: This study examines whether government spending in the Nigerian Agricultural sector has been consistent with Wagner' Law. To test the validity of Wagner's law, six alternative functional forms were adopted, using annual data from the Nigerian agricultural sector over the time period 1961 - 2012. Data was analyzed using cointegration and granger causality test. The result of the Johansen and Juselius cointegration test showed the existence of a long run relationship between various items of agricultural capital expenditure as well as agricultural contribution to Gross Domestic Product. The granger causality test result confirmed that Wagner's law holds in the Nigerian agricultural sector. However, there was no clear evidence of government spending causing national income. Hence, the Keynesian proposition of government spending as a policy instrument that encourage and lead growth in the sector is not supported by the data used.
Patch dualities and remarks on nonstandard cosmologies
Creators: name: Calcagni, Gianluca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we establish dualities between inflationary, cyclic/ekpyrotic, and phantom cosmologies within the patch formalism approximating high-energy effects in scenarios with extra dimensions. The exact dualities relating the four-dimensional spectra are broken in favour of their braneworld counterparts; the dual solutions display new interesting features because of the modification of the effective Friedmann equation on the brane. We then address some qualitative issues about phantomlike cosmologies without phantom matter.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures; v2: discussion improved, references added; v3: the content of gr-qc/0410111 has been moved here, discussion extended, typos fixed, accepted by Phys. Rev. D
Enabling human-like task identification from natural conversation
Creators: name: Pramanick, Pradip
name: Sarkar, Chayan
name: P, Balamuralidhar
name: Kattepur, Ajay
name: Bhattacharya, Indrajit
name: Pal, Arpan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A robot as a coworker or a cohabitant is becoming mainstream day-by-day with the development of low-cost sophisticated hardware. However, an accompanying software stack that can aid the usability of the robotic hardware remains the bottleneck of the process, especially if the robot is not dedicated to a single job. Programming a multi-purpose robot requires an on the fly mission scheduling capability that involves task identification and plan generation. The problem dimension increases if the robot accepts tasks from a human in natural language. Though recent advances in NLP and planner development can solve a variety of complex problems, their amalgamation for a dynamic robotic task handler is used in a limited scope. Specifically, the problem of formulating a planning problem from natural language instructions is not studied in details. In this work, we provide a non-trivial method to combine an NLP engine and a planner such that a robot can successfully identify tasks and all the relevant parameters and generate an accurate plan for the task. Additionally, some mechanism is required to resolve the ambiguity or missing pieces of information in natural language instruction. Thus, we also develop a dialogue strategy that aims to gather additional information with minimal question-answer iterations and only when it is necessary. This work makes a significant stride towards enabling a human-like task understanding capability in a robot.
Articulações entre a Valorização Seletiva no Processo de Musealização e a Investigação Arqueológica traçando aplicações.pdf
Creators: name: Núcleo Multidimensional De Gestão Do Patrimônio E De Documentação Em Museus (NUGEP) Universidade Federal Do Estado Do Rio De Janeiro (UNIRIO)
name: Ballardo, Luciana Messeder
name: Luiz C. Borges
name: Mendonça, Elizabete De Castro
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Museology
subject: 210204 Museum Studies
subject: FOS: Media and communications

description: Esta investigação parte da pesquisa de doutorado denominada “Gestão de coleções arqueológicas musealizadas: dos métodos de campo à documentação
museológica” vinculada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Museologia e Patrimônio da Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (PPGMUS-UNIRIO) e do pressuposto de que articulações entre a valorização seletiva e os métodos investigação arqueológica podem colaborar no processo de musealização do patrimônio arqueológico. Esta proposição entabula as reflexões sobre como conceitos relacionados à valorização, aderência e ressonância podem contribuir no direcionamento dos processos de musealização, considerando suas justificativas e objetivos ao analisar os aspectos relacionados à remoção de artefatos, à coleta de amostras de solos e outros vestígios. Tudo isso ponderando que o patrimônio arqueológico não está restrito aos artefatos recolhidos no sítio arqueológico, tampouco somente às evidências físicas, mas também ao contexto de inserção desses registros materiais e suas relações com aqueles que os produziram, com o objetivo de discutir um estreitamento entre procedimentos museológicos, como a musealização e as investigações arqueológicas. A abordagem se estabelece nos fundamentos gerais dos métodos de investigação arqueológica direcionados para a análise de alguns conceitos ligados ao processo de musealização, buscando a identificação do patrimônio enquanto valor, vinculando-o aos aspectos ligados à memória, conhecimento e assimilação.
CoRA - Comparative Corpora of Research Articles
Creators: name: Sosa-Napolskij, Milaydis
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: corpus
native language identification
authorship analysis
academic writing
language transfer

description: The Comparative Corpora of Research Articles - CoRA is a synchronic collection of original scientific research articles (OSRA) published in the field of health sciences in peer-reviewed indexed journals, spanning from 2006 to 2018. The collection comprises five corpora. Three corpora consist of OSRAs written by native users of European Portuguese, European Spanish, and British English in their respective native languages. The other two corpora consist of OSRAs written in English by authors who are native users of European Portuguese/European Spanish. Most of the OSRAs included in the collection are published in open access. All OSRAs in CoRA do not have the “Methods and Materials” section. The collection has about 820 000 tokens and it was built with the purpose of studying the influence of the native language in academic writing written in English, specifically in research articles. The parsed version of the collection is also available, although it is not included here.
Late Cretaceous to Eocene cover of New Caledonia: from rifting to convergence
Creators: name: P. Maurizot
name: A. Bordenave
name: D. Cluzel
name: J. Collot
name: S. Etienne
Publisher: name: Geological Society of London
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Micropaleontological determinations for 1, Base of Table Unio section; 2, Mont Rembaï section; 3, Table Unio section (cont.); 4, Mont Rembaï section (cont.); 5, Uitoé Limestone, Nassirah area; 6, Népoui–Koumac Group turbidites.
News from a Multi-Wavelength Monitoring Campaign on Mrk 421
Creators: name: Cui, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We conducted a daily monitoring campaign on Mrk 421 in 2003 and 2004 with the Whipple 10 m telescope and the large-area instruments aboard RXTE, simultaneously covering TeV and X-ray energies. Supporting observations at optical and radio wavelengths were also frequently carried out. Mrk 421 was observed over a wide range of fluxes (with a dynamic range of ~30 both at TeV and X-ray energies). The source was relatively quiet in 2003 but became unusually active in 2004, with flares reaching peak fluxes of ~80 mCrab in X-rays and >3 Crab at TeV energies! We will describe the multiwavelength campaign and present some preliminary results. We will also discuss the implications of the results on the proposed emission models for TeV blazars.
description: Proc. "International Symposium on High Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy" (Gamma-2004, Heidelberg, Germany), eds. F.A. Aharonian and H. Voelk, AIP Conf. Ser. This preprint version contains 7 pages and 8 figures
Assessing natural attenuation of petroleum hydrocarbons using reactive transport modelling with aqueous and solid phase data
Creators: name: Petersmeyer, Chad William
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in groundwater was investigated at a site located in southeast Alberta, Canada. Condensate had been introduced into the unconfined aquifer approximately thirty years prior to the collection of aqueous data. The existing dataset consisted of five recent sampling events of moderate spatial resolution, spanning a timeframe of about one year. This study was undertaken to identify and quantify the dominant processes controlling natural attenuation at the site and to determine the value of supplementing a typical industry dataset with solid-phase data. To achieve these objectives, cores were collected and another round of water sampling was conducted in October 2004. Sequential iron and sulphide extractions were carried out on core intervals to quantify mineral dissolution and precipitation as a result of microbially-mediated degradation and SEM imaging was utilized to qualitatively assess the presence of relevant mineral phases. Reactive transport modelling was used as a data interpretation tool to simulate geochemical processes and a comparison was made between the degradation rates estimated using only the aqueous data and after including the solid-phase data. Sulphate and iron reduction were discovered to be the dominant processes contributing to biodegradation at the site, although iron and sulphate trends were not useful for determining historical electron acceptor utilization rates. Degradation rates estimated from dissolved BTEX concentrations were up to two orders of magnitude lower than those determined when integrating major ion chemistry with the solid-phase data. Using trends in BTEX concentrations, the maximum reaction rate for sulphate reduction and iron-oxide reductive dissolution were estimated to be 1.23 x 10⁻¹² mol L⁻¹s⁻¹ and 2.89 x 10⁻¹² mol L⁻¹ s⁻¹, respectively. When integrating major ion chemistry with the solid-phase data, these rates were found to be 1.19 x 10⁻¹⁰ mol L⁻¹s⁻¹ and 2.34 x 10⁻¹⁰ mol L⁻¹s⁻¹ and it was found that the two processes accounted for 78% and 21% of contaminant degradation, respectively, equivalent to a total mass of seven tonnes of hydrocarbons (as BTEX) degraded at the site. The differences between these estimates are likely due to source depletion and shrinking of the plume, which cannot be observed using aqueous data only.
Who is this Explanation for? Human Intelligence and Knowledge Graphs for eXplainable AI
Creators: name: Celino, Irene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: eXplainable AI focuses on generating explanations for the output of an AI algorithm to a user, usually a decision-maker. Such user needs to interpret the AI system in order to decide whether to trust the machine outcome. When addressing this challenge, therefore, proper attention should be given to produce explanations that are interpretable by the target community of users. In this chapter, we claim for the need to better investigate what constitutes a human explanation, i.e. a justification of the machine behaviour that is interpretable and actionable by the human decision makers. In particular, we focus on the contributions that Human Intelligence can bring to eXplainable AI, especially in conjunction with the exploitation of Knowledge Graphs. Indeed, we call for a better interplay between Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, Social Sciences, Human Computation and Human-Machine Cooperation research -- as already explored in other AI branches -- in order to support the goal of eXplainable AI with the adoption of a Human-in-the-Loop approach.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure, book chapter
Implication of Natal Care and Maternity Leave on Child Morbidity: Evidence from Ghana
Creators: name: Turkson, Danny
name: Ahiabor, Joy Kafui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Failure to receive post-natal care within first week of delivery causes a 3% increase in the possibility of Acute Respiratory Infection in children under five. Mothers with unpaid maternity leave put their children at a risk of 3.9% increase in the possibility of ARI compared to those with paid maternity leave.
description: 11 pages
Orbitally-driven Behavior: Mott Transition, Quantum Oscillations and Colossal Magnetoresistance in Bilayered Ca3Ru2O7
Creators: name: Cao, G.
name: Lin, X. N.
name: Balicas, L.
name: Chikara, S.
name: Crow, J. E.
name: Schlottmann, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report recent transport and thermodynamic experiments over a wide range of temperatures for the Mott-like system Ca3Ru2O7 at high magnetic fields, B, up to 30 T. This work reveals a rich and highly anisotropic phase diagram, where applying B along the a-, b-, and c-axis leads to vastly different behavior. A fully spin-polarized state via a first order metamagnetic transition is obtained for B||a, and colossal magnetoresistance is seen for B||b, and quantum oscillations in the resistivity are observed for B||c, respectively. The interplay of the lattice, orbital and spin degrees of freedom are believed to give rise to this strongly anisotropic behavior.
description: 26 pages and 8 figures
ACREAGE RESPONSE ANALYSIS OF MAIZE GROWERS IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN
Creators: name: Riaz, Bakhtawar
name: Ali, Shahid
name: Jan, Dawood
name: Riaz, Bakhtawar
name: Ali, Shahid
name: Jan, Dawood
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Production Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Acreage response
subject: Vector auto regression
subject: Short and long run elasticities
subject: maize
subject: Pakistan

description: This study was conducted to analyze the acreage response of maize with respect to price and non-price factors in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The time-series data for the period of 35 years (1976-2010) pertaining to, maize area, maize price, rice price, maize yield, average rainfall were collected from various published sources. Nerlovian adjustment lag model and Vector Auto Regression (VAR) technique of estimation was employed for analyzing acreage response of maize. The model explained more than 90 percent of variation in the dependent variable. The expected maize price was unlikely found to be negative and statistically insignificant. The regression coefficients for lag rice price and lag maize yield also appeared insignificant. Area under maize in lagged year was found to be an important variable influencing farmer’s decision on acreage allocation. Among the short run and long run elasticities with respect to lag area that is 0.7155 and 2.5149, long run elasticity was more, signaling that acreage adjustment would normally take place in the long run. The coefficient of lag rainfall was found to be negative and significant indicating a negative relation between maize acreage and rainfall. The short run elasticity of maize area with respect to lag rainfall during the study period has been calculated at -0.0894 while the long run elasticity comes to be -0.3142, indicate its inelastic nature and little effect on the decision of farmers regarding allocation of land to maize. Small area adjustment coefficient (0.2845) revealed low rate of farmers’ area adjustment to desired level because of more institutional and technological constraints. Based upon the findings of this study it can be concluded that farmers allocate land to maize crop mainly basing on their previous allocation pattern rather than relative crop prices.
title: An overview on the fiber optic technologies
Creators: name: Tarzi Bashi, Jack
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Fiber
subject: Optic
subject: Laser
subject: telecommunication
subject: cables
subject: Fiber
subject: Optic
subject: Laser
subject: telecommunication
subject: cables

description: Every day, people use different methods to ensure they communicate, for example, voice, images, video, and data communication. The need for more efficient forms of communication has continued to rise with the increase in technological advancements. This implies that there is a high demand for large transmissions, which require advanced forms of technology. In this context, light wave technology has been introduced to cater for high data rate requirement and larger bandwidth. When photons and glass fibers combine, they provide a tremendous improvement in the transmission capability compared to the transmission that occurs through electrons and copper wires. As a result, fiber optical transmission systems have gained wide usage as they are currently being deployed in the backbone network. Fiber optics play a fundamental role in transmitting information, and this is expected to continue as technologies continue to advance. In fact, the last three decades have seen enormous strides being made in the field of fiber optics making the notion that it is expected to remain the key communication technology for the future generations. Fiber optics uses one major principle that involves guiding of light by refraction. It is a principle that was first demonstrated in Paris by Jacques Babinet and Daniel Colladon in the 1840s. Since then, fiber optics have been used in numerous applications that involve dentistry, image transmission through tubes, television pioneer among others. On the field of telecommunication, its usage has become possible due to its flexibility and the ability to be bundled as cables. As a result, it has become more advantageous for long distance communications as little attenuation is experienced during the propagation of light through the fiber to the electrical cables. This allows long distance coverage with few repeaters. In the light of this context, the main drive of research for this thesis is to focus on the overview of fiber optics techniques particularly on communication aspects, its overview, and applications.
FACTORS INFLUENCING ADOPTION DECISIONS OF MAIZE FARMERS IN NIGERIA
Creators: name: Fadare, Olusegun Ayodeji
name: Akerele, Dare
name: Toritseju, Begho
name: Fadare, Olusegun Ayodeji
name: Akerele, Dare
name: Toritseju, Begho
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Production Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Adoption decisions
subject: Improved maize varieties
subject: probit model
subject: Nigeria

description: The needs to develop improved varieties of maize have been in the heart of various researchers and institutions in Nigeria because of its strategic role in tackling food insecurity and poverty. Despite substantial efforts to improve maize varieties, the level of adoption of improved maize varieties (IMV) in Nigeria in still very low. Although previous adoption studies have indicated a number of socioeconomic and institutional/organizational variables as important factors influencing adoption of improved maize (crop) varieties in the country, whether these factors are the main issues of concern, and whether the inclusion of regional/agro-ecological variables in adoption model are also important in explaining what could drive farmers’ adoption behaviour requires investigation. This study therefore examined factors influencing adoption of IMV among farmers in Nigeria using a selected portion of the Nigeria Living Standard Measurement Survey data collected by the National Bureau of Statistics and the World Bank for 2010/2011 cropping season with descriptive statistics and probit model as tools for data analysis. The results suggest, in line with some previous studies, that farm size, education level of farmers and access to extension services would significantly influence adoption of IMV. The results also indicate that farmers across the entire agro-ecological regions of country share some negative sentiments regarding adoption of IMV. Renewed emphasis on interventions that would enable farmers gain more access to farmland, and promote formal education and extension service are advocated. An attempt to incorporate variables that capture farmers’ perception/experience on agro-climatic/ ecologically related concerns in adoption study could aid better understand of what drives farmers’ adoption decisions across the country especially in the light of the emerging climate change issues and its implication on food production.
OPERATIONAL RESULT THROUGH VARIABLE COSTING: AGRICULTURAL AND POULTRY PRODUCTION
Creators: name: Castanheira, Luis Gustavo
name: Oliveira, Neuza Corte De
name: Gonçalves, Marguit Neumann
name: Ribeiro, Roberto Rivelino Martins
name: Sanches, Simone Leticia Raimundini
name: Castanheira, Luis Gustavo
name: Oliveira, Neuza Corte De
name: Gonçalves, Marguit Neumann
name: Ribeiro, Roberto Rivelino Martins
name: Sanches, Simone Leticia Raimundini
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Production Economics
subject: Agricultural and poultry farming activity
subject: variable costing
subject: contribution margin.

description: The objective of this work is to apply the variable costing method in an agricultural (maize production) and poultry (chicken farming) property, in order to assess the contribution margin of each activity, with the aid of cost accounting and agribusiness techniques. With regard to methodological procedures, the study was design as: field study, descriptive-exploratory, case study and applied research. The property that was the object of this study, located in the state of Paraná, Brazil, develops temporary maize crops and also undertakes poultry farming. The result, obtained under a comparative unit analysis of the contribution margin, in which chicken farming was done per unit and the maize crop was evaluated in bushels, detected that the latter has greater representativeness; however, when the analysis was carried out according to area, poultry farming reversed this representativeness. Lastly, it was concluded that even with these differences, both showed a positive margin in covering their fixed costs and both are profitable.
SPATIAL INTEGRATION OF MAIZE MARKET IN NIGERIA – A VECTOR ERROR CORRECTION MODEL
Creators: name: Ikudayisi, Adesola Adebola
name: Salman, Kabir Kayode
name: Ikudayisi, Adesola Adebola
name: Salman, Kabir Kayode
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Political Economy
subject: Production Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Co-integration
subject: maize market
subject: Nigeria
subject: spatial integration
subject: vector error correction

description: Agricultural commodities are produced over an extensive spatial area and are costly to transport relative to their total value as this inhibits efficient functioning of the markets. The study examined spatial market integration among geographically separated maize markets in Nigeria using monthly retail price data of maize grain from January 2001 – December 2010 in the selected producing and consuming states. The data were analyzed using Johansen co-integration and Vector error correction model (VECM). In the long run, the states were co-integrated and the rate at which VECM restored deviation from equilibrium was moderate. The study showed that spatial price linkages exist within maize market as products moved efficiently across market which is related to efficiency of price information flow. The study recommends that farmers should be provided with more price information in order to take advantage of spatial price differences.
THE IMPACT OF CREDIT AND CAPITAL SUPPORTS ON ECONOMIC BEHAVIOR OF FARM HOUSEHOLDS: A HOUSEHOLD ECONOMIC APPROACH
Creators: name: De Rosari, Bernardus Bala
name: Sinaga, Bonar Marulitua
name: Kusnadi, Nunung
name: Sawit, Mohamad Husein
name: De Rosari, Bernardus Bala
name: Sinaga, Bonar Marulitua
name: Kusnadi, Nunung
name: Sawit, Mohamad Husein
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Political Economy
subject: Credit and capital supports
subject: farm household
subject: economic behavior
subject: welfare

description: This research aimed at analysing the demand and allocation of credit and capital supports by farm household and impact on production, consumption, and investment. The research was conducted in East Nusa Tenggara Timur (ENT) Province, one of targeted region of credit and capital supports policy of the government. Data collection was conducted from April to June 2013 by sampling for 178 households of farmers in Kupang District and Timor Tengah Selatan (TTS) District. The result of this research showed that the allocation of credit and capital supports caused increaseof cattle production, consumption expenditure, and investment. The usage of credit and capital supports was depend on economical situation of the household itself. The decision of farm household on using credit and capital supports had impact on overall economical behavior of household, i.e. production, consumption and investment behavior. The transmission use was reciprocally interacted. Finally, the policy of credit and capital supports scheme for farmers should be adjusted with the context of farm household economics.
XRD Raw Data and Structure Files from Physiological silicon incorporation into bone mineral requires orthosilicic acid metabolism to SiO44-
Creators: name: Chappell, Helen F.
name: Ravin Jugdaohsingh
name: Powell, Jonathan J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biochemistry
Computational Biology

description: XRD raw data and modelling data structure files (.cif).
Diffusion toward non-overlapping partially reactive spherical traps: fresh insights onto classic problems
Creators: name: Grebenkov, Denis S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several classic problems for particles diffusing outside an arbitrary configuration of non-overlapping partially reactive spherical traps in three dimensions are revisited. For this purpose, we describe the generalized method of separation of variables for solving boundary value problems of the associated modified Helmholtz equation. In particular, we derive a semi-analytical solution for the Green function that is the key ingredient to determine various diffusion-reaction characteristics such as the survival probability, the first-passage time distribution, and the reaction rate. We also present modifications of the method to determine numerically or asymptotically the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the Laplace operator and of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator in such perforated domains. Some potential applications in chemical physics and biophysics are discussed, including diffusion-controlled reactions for mortal particles.
Energy balance closure in a boreal old-growth jack pine stand and clearcut, and implications for eddy covariance CO₂ flux measurements
Creators: name: Kidston, Joe
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The accuracy of the components of the surface energy balance were analysed, in an attempt to determine the cause of the imbalance that is commonly observed in energy balance closure studies when eddy covariance (EC) measurements of the sum of sensible (H) and latent (LE) heat fluxes, which we call the total surface layer heat flux (7), are compared with the net radiation (R„) minus the soil heat flux. We utilise data from a mature boreal jack pine forest, and a jack pine clearcut, both part of the boreal ecosystem research monitoring sites (BERMS) study area in central Saskatchewan, Canada, to elucidate differences in the cause of the imbalance when EC measurements are made over tall vegetation compared to when they are made close to a solid surface. We demonstrate that at the clearcut site (HJP02), a significant portion of the imbalance was caused by both the overestimation of R„ due to instrumentation issues and the inclusion of the tower in the field of view of the downward facing radiometers, and underestimation of LE due to attenuation of H2O variance in the sample tube of the closed-path infrared gas analyser. Loss of low-frequency covariance due to insufficient averaging time, and systematic advection of fluxes away from the EC tower, were discounted as significant issues; the latter through comparison of measurements from a second, roving EC system with the long term system. That the spatial and temporal distributions of T were well behaved, and furthermore that there was not similarity of the relative magnitudes of the turbulent fluxes during half-hours when different closure was achieved despite similar climatic conditions, implied that the variation in closure was not caused by micrometeorological processes that impacted all turbulent fluxes similarly, and therefore the turbulent fluxes should not be forced for closure. Conversely at the mature forest site (O JP), loss of low-frequency covariance when a 30-min. averaging time was used contributed significantly to the systematic imbalance. However, stationarity became a significant issue when longer averaging times were used; averaging times that were long enough to capture all of the low-frequency covariance were too long to resolve all of the high-frequency covariance. This, combined with analysis of the 30-min. flux data that showed similarity between T and net ecosystematmosphere exchange of CO2 (NEE), implied that where EC measurements are made over tall canopies, T should be forced for energy balance closure while retaining the measured Bowen ratio, and the same factor should be applied to NEE.
Oxygen vacancy induced electronic structure modification of KTaO$_3$
Creators: name: Ojha, Shashank Kumar
name: Gogoi, Sanat Kumar
name: Mandal, Prithwijit
name: Kaushik, S. D.
name: Freeland, J. W.
name: Jain, M.
name: Middey, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The observation of metallic interface between band insulators LaAlO$_3$ and SrTiO$_3$ has led to massive efforts to understand the origin of the phenomenon as well as to search for other systems hosting such two dimensional electron gases (2-DEG). However, the understanding of the origin of the 2-DEG is very often hindered as several possible mechanisms such as polar catastrophe, cationic intermixing and oxygen vacancy (OV) etc. can be operative simultaneously. The presence of a heavy element makes KTaO$_3$ (KTO) based 2-DEG a potential platform to investigate spin orbit coupling driven novel electronic and magnetic phenomena. In this work, we investigate the sole effect of the OV, which makes KTO metallic. Our detailed \textit{ab initio} calculations not only find partially filled conduction bands in the presence of an OV but also predict a highly localized mid-gap state due to the linear clustering of OVs around Ta. Photoluminescence measurements indeed reveal the existence of such mid-gap state and O $K$-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy finds electron doping in Ta $t_{2g}^*$ antibonding states. This present work suggests that one should be cautious about the possible presence of OVs within KTO substrate in interpreting metallic behavior of KTO based 2-DEG.
description: 4 figures
DYNAMICS OF AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS IN SUB-SAHARA AFRICA: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF RUBBER AND COCOA FROM NIGERIA
Creators: name: Nwachukwu, Ifeanyi Ndubuto
name: Nwachukwu, Ifeanyi Ndubuto
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Financial Economics
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Political Economy
subject: Agriculture
subject: export
subject: diversification
subject: Africa
subject: macroeconomics

description: The study analyzed empirically the dynamics of rubber and cocoa exports from Nigeria within 1961 – 2010. It specifically estimated the determinants of their export performance and determined the degree of export diversification of the agricultural sector. Both export crops were chosen because they remained the most exported agricultural commodities after the number of agricultural exports commodities shrank from the traditional 12–15 commodities of the 1960s. Published national aggregates on specific trade and macroeconomic variables from reputable secondary sources were used. In the course of data analysis, descriptive statistics, diversification index and Error Correction Model (ECM) were employed. Prior to estimation, Unit root and Cointegration tests were conducted. The results revealed that export supply of cocoa was found to be influenced by export cost and rainfall in the long run while output, cost of production and export affected it in the short run. Rubber export supply was influenced by cost of export and exchange rate in the long run while world export-output ratio and cost of export affected it in the short run. The study results further revealed that export diversification measure showed that the sector experienced fluctuations with varying Hirschman indices which ranged from 1.3 x 10-7 to 5.1 x 10-7, depicting decreasing concentration. Invariably, this implies increasing leanness of the export basket. On the basis of the result, it is necessary to explore policy options such as export financing and foreign exchange policies to promote production in the export subsector of agriculture and industrial sector to diversify the national export basket.
Erratum: Studying Links via Closed Braids IV: Composite Links and Split Links
Creators: name: Birman, Joan S.
name: Menasco, William W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M25, 57M07, 20F36

description: The purpose of this erratum is to fill a gap in the proof of the `Composite Braid Theorem' in the manuscript "Studying Links Via Closed Braids IV: Composite Links and Split Links (SLVCB-IV)", Inventiones Math, \{bf 102\} Fasc. 1 (1990), 115-139. The statement of the theorem is unchanged. The gap occurs on page 135, lines $13^-$ to $11^-$, where we fail to consider the case: $V_2 = 4, V_4 > 0, V_j=0$ if $j not= 2,4,$ and all 4 vertices of valence 2 are bad. At the end of this Erratum we make some brief remarks on the literature, as it has evolved during the 14 years between the publication of SLVCB-IV and the submission of this Erratum.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures. This is an Erratum to "Studying Links Vai Closed Braids IV: Composite Links and Split Links", Inventiones Math., 102 Facs. 1 (190), 115-139
Two New X-ray/Optical/Radio Supernova Remnants in M31
Creators: name: Williams, B. F.
name: Sjouwerman, L. O.
name: Kong, A. K. H.
name: Gelfand, J. D.
name: Garcia, M. R.
name: Murray, S. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare a deep (37 ks) Chandra ACIS-S image of the M31 bulge to Local Group Survey narrow-band optical data and Very Large Array (VLA) radio data of the same region. Our precisely registered images reveal two new optical shells with X-ray counterparts. These shells have sizes, [S II]/H-alpha flux ratios, and X-ray spectral properties typical of supernova remnants (SNRs) with ages of 9$^{+3}_{-4}$ and 17$^{+6}_{-9}$ kyr. Analysis of complementary VLA data reveals the radio counterparts, further confirming that they are SNRs. We discuss and compare the properties and morphologies of these SNRs at the different wavelengths.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Simulation of the COVID-19 pandemic on the social network of Slovenia: estimating the intrinsic forecast uncertainty
Creators: name: Zaplotnik, Ziga
name: Gavric, Aleksandar
name: Medic, Luka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the article a virus transmission model is constructed on a simplified social network. The social network consists of more than 2 million nodes, each representing an inhabitant of Slovenia. The nodes are organised and interconnected according to the real household and elderly-care center distribution, while their connections outside these clusters are semi-randomly distributed and fully-linked. The virus spread model is coupled to the disease progression model. The ensemble approach with the perturbed transmission and disease parameters is used to quantify the ensemble spread, a proxy for the forecast uncertainty. The presented ongoing forecasts of COVID-19 epidemic in Slovenia are compared with the collected Slovenian data. Results show that infection is currently twice more likely to transmit within households/elderly care centers than outside them. We use an ensemble of simulations (N = 1000) to inversely obtain posterior distributions of model parameters and to estimate the COVID-19 forecast uncertainty. We found that in the uncontrolled epidemic, the intrinsic uncertainty mostly originates from the uncertainty of the virus biology, i.e. its reproductive number. In the controlled epidemic with low ratio of infected population, the randomness of the social network becomes the major source of forecast uncertainty, particularly for the short-range forecasts. Social-network-based models are thus essential for improving epidemics forecasting.