cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Bureau of Transportation Statistics: Significant Accomplishments, Fiscal Year 2009
title: BTS significant accomplishments
Bureau of Transportation Statistics : significant accomplishments
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Bureau of Transportation Statistics
Publisher: name: Bureau of Transportation Statistics
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/05xfdey77
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2009
Subjects: classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/97476
subject: Annual reports
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/97322
subject: Data collection
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/97320
subject: Information processing
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/97445
subject: Data sharing
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/97444
subject: Information dissemination

description: 20p. in various pagings
description: The Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) was established within the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) in 1992 to collect, report, and analyze transportation data. Today, BTS is a component of the USDOT Research and Innovative Technology Administration (RITA). The BTS mission is to create, manage, and share transportation statistical knowledge with public and private transportation communities and the Nation. This mission is served by developing quality transportation data, promoting transportation knowledge through statistical products, and advancing the effective use of this knowledge by public and private transportation decision makers, researchers, and the American public. This report presents the accomplishments of BTS during fiscal year 2009.
Visible parts of fractal percolation
Creators: name: Arhosalo, I.
name: Järvenpää, E.
name: Järvenpää, M.
name: Rams, M.
name: Shmerkin, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 28A80

description: We study dimensional properties of visible parts of fractal percolation in the plane. Provided that the dimension of the fractal percolation is at least 1, we show that, conditioned on non-extinction, almost surely all visible parts from lines are 1-dimensional. Furthermore, almost all of them have positive and finite Hausdorff measure. We also verify analogous results for visible parts from points. These results are motivated by an open problem on the dimensions of visible parts.
description: 22 pages, 3 figures
Unitary Lie Algebras and Lie Tori of Type BC_r, r \geq 3
Creators: name: Allison, Bruce
name: Benkart, Georgia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17B65, 17B70, 17B20

description: A Lie G-torus of type X_r is a Lie algebra with two gradings -- one by an abelian group G and the other by the root lattice of a finite irreducible root system of type X_r. In this paper we construct a centreless Lie G-torus of type BC_r, which we call a unitary Lie G-torus, as it is a special unitary Lie algebra of a nondegenerate G-graded hermitian form of Witt index r over an associative torus with involution. We prove a structure theorem for centreless Lie G-tori of type BC_r, r \geq 3, that states that any such Lie torus is bi-isomorphic to a unitary Lie G-torus, and we determine necessary and sufficient conditions for two unitary Lie G-tori to be bi-isomorphic. The motivation to investigate Lie G-tori came from the theory of extended affine Lie algebras, which are natural generalizations of the affine and toroidal Lie algebras. Every extended affine Lie algebra possesses an ideal which is a Lie n-torus of type X_r for some irreducible root system X_r, where by an n-torus we mean that the group G is a free abelian group of rank n for some n \geq 0. The structure theorem above enables us to classify centreless Lie n-tori of type BC_r, r \geq 3. We show that they are determined by pairs consisting of a quadratic form K on an n-dimensional Z_2-vector space and of an orbit of the orthogonal group of K. We use that result to construct extended affine Lie algebras of type BC_r, r \geq 3. Our article completes a large project involving many earlier papers and many authors to determine the centreless Lie n-tori of all types.
Fibered faces, veering triangulations, and the arc complex
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2017
Subjects: math.GT

description: © 2017, Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature. We study the connections between subsurface projections in curve and arc complexes in fibered 3-manifolds and Agol’s veering triangulation. The main theme is that large-distance subsurfaces in fibers are associated to large simplicial regions in the veering triangulation, and this correspondence holds uniformly for all fibers in a given fibered face of the Thurston norm.
Rural Entrepreneurship Policy in Estonia
Creators: name: Kirsipuu, Maret
Publisher: name: MATTIMAR OÜ
Year: 2013
Subjects: Entrepreneurship policy; agricultural entrepreneurship; rural entrepreneurship; agricultural undertaking; family undertaking; family enterprise; family entrepreneur; family business; sole proprietor

description: This article seeks to provide an overview of the entrepreneurship policies targeted at rural areas and family undertakings. Agricultural undertakings, especially cattle breeders, have been almost ignored in the development of Estonia’s entrepreneurship policies. Various action plans have been devised for the development of rural living environments. Unfortunately none of them supports cattle breeding. The author obtained the data used in this research from the databases of Estonian Animal Recording Centre, Estonian Agricultural Register and from questionnaires. The author conducted interviews with beef cattle breeders doing performance testing and with parish authorities. Family enterprises are extremely vulnerable; their reserves for surviving critical periods are small or nearly nonexistent. They often depend only on one area of activity. In the current economic situation owners of family enterprises need to pay particular attention to strategic management, so as to survive in difficult situations. They must take right decisions and start looking for challenges.
description: Estonian Discussions on Economic Policy, Vol 17 (2009)
A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of a Technology-Based Approach for Preventing Excess Weight Gain during Pregnancy among Women with Overweight
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2017
Subjects: pregnancy
gestation
overweight
obesity
technology

description: © Copyright © 2017 Chao, Srinivas, Studt, Diewald, Sarwer and Allison. Objective: Overweight/obesity and excess weight gain during pregnancy are associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Few interventions have been effective in limiting gestational weight gain among women with overweight or obesity. This pilot, randomized clinical trial compared treatment as usual (TAU) to a lifestyle modification program delivered via phone for the prevention of excess gestational weight gain in women who had overweight or obesity. Methods: Participants included 41 pregnant women with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 (mean age = 28.7 ± 5.8 years; mean pre-gravid BMI = 31.2 ± 6.2 kg/m2; 54% black, 39% white). The intervention group (n = 20) received weekly telephone counseling sessions and used WiFi scales to monitor their weight from weeks 16 to 36 of pregnancy. We compared differences in weight and birth outcomes for the intervention vs. the TAU group (n = 21). Results: The intervention and TAU groups did not differ with respect to: gestational weight gain (15.5 ± 5.3 vs. 13.3 ± 6.8 kg, respectively); proportion gaining above the 2009 Institute of Medicine recommended weight range (83 vs. 70%); and weight gain from pre-pregnancy weight to 6 weeks postpartum (4.8 ± 4.6 vs. 3.0 ± 5.5 kg). Other birth and health outcomes also did not differ. Conclusion: A telemedicine intervention designed to decrease logistical burden on participants was not more successful in reducing excessive weight gain during pregnancy as compared to TAU. Future studies should examine more intensive forms of remote treatment beginning earlier in pregnancy as well as interventions promoting a healthy weight prior to pregnancy.
MIR-29b antagonizes the pro-inflammatory tumor-promoting activity of multiple myeloma-educated dendritic cells
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Animals
Bone Marrow
Cell Line, Tumor
Cell Proliferation
Dendritic Cells
Down-Regulation
Female
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Humans
Inflammation
Mice
Mice, SCID
MicroRNAs
Multiple Myeloma
NF-kappa B
STAT3 Transcription Factor
Up-Regulation

description: © 2018 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature. All rights reserved. Dendritic cells (DCs) have a key role in regulating tumor immunity, tumor cell growth and drug resistance. We hypothesized that multiple myeloma (MM) cells might recruit and reprogram DCs to a tumor-permissive phenotype by changes within their microRNA (miRNA) network. By analyzing six different miRNA-profiling data sets, miR-29b was identified as the only miRNA upregulated in normal mature DCs and significantly downregulated in tumor-associated DCs. This finding was validated in primary DCs co-cultured in vitro with MM cell lines and in primary bone marrow DCs from MM patients. In DCs co-cultured with MM cells, enforced expression of miR-29b counteracted pro-inflammatory pathways, including signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and nuclear factor-κ B, and cytokine/chemokine signaling networks, which correlated with patients' adverse prognosis and development of bone disease. Moreover, miR-29b downregulated interleukin-23 in vitro and in the SCID-synth-hu in vivo model, and antagonized a Th17 inflammatory response. All together, these effects translated into strong anti-proliferative activity and reduction of genomic instability of MM cells. Our study demonstrates that MM reprograms the DCs functional phenotype by downregulating miR-29b whose reconstitution impairs DCs ability to sustain MM cell growth and survival. These results underscore miR-29b as an innovative and attractive candidate for miRNA-based immune therapy of MM.
The Gateaux Derivative of Map over Division Ring
Creators: name: Kleyn, Aleks
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Mathematics (math.GM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: I consider differential of mapping $f$ of continuous division ring as linear mapping the most close to mapping $f$. Different expressions which correspond to known deffinition of derivative are supplementary. I explore the Gateaux derivative of higher order and Taylor series. The Taylor series allow solving of simple differential equations. As an example of solution of differential equation I considered a model of exponent. I considered application of obtained theorems to complex field and quaternion algebra. In contrast to complex field in quaternion algebra congugation is linear function of original number \bar a=a+iai+jaj+kak . In quaternion algebra this difference leads to the absence of analogue of the Cauchy Riemann equations that are well known in the theory of complex function.
description: English text - 44 pages; Russian text - 46 pages
title: Bureau of Transportation Statistics: Significant Accomplishments, Fiscal Year 2008
title: BTS significant accomplishments
Bureau of Transportation Statistics : significant accomplishments
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Bureau of Transportation Statistics
Publisher: name: Bureau of Transportation Statistics
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/05xfdey77
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2008
Subjects: classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/97476
subject: Annual reports
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/97322
subject: Data collection
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/97320
subject: Information processing
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/97445
subject: Data sharing
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/97444
subject: Information dissemination

description: 16p. in various pagings
description: The Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) was established within the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) in 1992 to collect, report, and analyze transportation data. Today, BTS is a component of the USDOT Research and Innovative Technology Administration (RITA). The BTS mission is to create, manage, and share transportation statistical knowledge with public and private transportation communities and the Nation. This mission is served by developing quality transportation data, promoting transportation knowledge through statistical products, and advancing the effective use of this knowledge by public and private transportation decision makers, researchers, and the American public. This paper presents the accomplishments of BTS during fiscal year 2008.
Reasons for Low Part-Time Employment in Eastern Europe – Any Role for Low Wages?
Creators: name: Krillo, Kerly
name: Masso, Jaan
Publisher: name: MATTIMAR OÜ
Year: 2013
Subjects: part-time work; pay-gap; Eastern Europe

description: Many Eastern European countries are characterized by high wage inequalities and a relatively low proportion of labour force being employed on a part-time basis, yet there seem not be so far made any studies on the part time pay penalty. In this article we analyse whether there are any differences in the average wages of part-time and full-time employed in Estonia, a small Eastern European catching up economy. We use Estonian Labour Force Survey data from years 1997-2007; the part time wage gap is estimated by using Oaxaca-Blinder wage decompositions and propensity score matching. The results are quite different for males and females. For females the raw wage gap is in favour of part-timers. After taking into account various worker characteristics, the wage gap becomes even larger. For males the full-time raw premium exists, but it is to a large extent explained by the different labour market characteristics.
description: Estonian Discussions on Economic Policy, Vol 17 (2009)
HIV Envelope Glycoform Heterogeneity and Localized Diversity Govern the Initiation and Maturation of a V2 Apex Broadly Neutralizing Antibody Lineage
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2017
Subjects: AIDS Vaccines
Antibodies, Neutralizing
Cell Lineage
Complementarity Determining Regions
HIV Antibodies
Humans
env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus

description: © 2017 The Authors Understanding how broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) to HIV envelope (Env) develop during natural infection can help guide the rational design of an HIV vaccine. Here, we described a bnAb lineage targeting the Env V2 apex and the Ab-Env co-evolution that led to development of neutralization breadth. The lineage Abs bore an anionic heavy chain complementarity-determining region 3 (CDRH3) of 25 amino acids, among the shortest known for this class of Abs, and achieved breadth with only 10% nucleotide somatic hypermutation and no insertions or deletions. The data suggested a role for Env glycoform heterogeneity in the activation of the lineage germline B cell. Finally, we showed that localized diversity at key V2 epitope residues drove bnAb maturation toward breadth, mirroring the Env evolution pattern described for another donor who developed V2-apex targeting bnAbs. Overall, these findings suggest potential strategies for vaccine approaches based on germline-targeting and serial immunogen design. Understanding the molecular basis of HIV Env-specific broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) development is key for vaccine design. Landais et al. find that glycan heterogeneity played a role in the activation of V2 apex PCT64 bnAbs precursor and that viral evolution was similar to CAP256, another donor with V2 apex bnAbs.
Analysing Repeat Visitation on Country Level with Passive Mobile Positioning Method: an Estonian Case Study
Creators: name: Kuusik, Andres
name: Ahas, Rein
name: Tiru, Margus
Publisher: name: MATTIMAR OÜ
Year: 2013
Subjects: loyalty; destination loyalty; repeat visitation; tourism marketing; passive mobile positioning method; Estonia

description: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the capabilities and limits of the passive mobile positioning (PMP) method in studying loyalty of tourists on the macro level. The repeat visitors were identified using database of call activities of roaming phones in Estonia since 25.04.2005 till 31.01.2009. For this purpose was developed model which selected repeat visits on the basis of time interval. The findings of the study revealed that it is possible to observe the duration, density, seasonality and dynamics of repeat visitations. In addition the local destinations and events most loved by repeat visitors and the trajectory they are using could be also identified. Another important finding revealed that repeat visitors stay longer in destination than first time visitors. The results presented in this paper could be used by Estonian Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications and by Enterprise Estonia developing the Estonian tourism policy
description: Estonian Discussions on Economic Policy, Vol 17 (2009)
A study of strategy of response to multiple choice test items in general science
Creators: name: Shearman, K. Stewart
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: In this study, a technique was developed for classifying the manner in which testees came to choose their responses to multiple choice items on a test of Science 20. One hundred thirty-one students enrolled in Science 20 at Alpha Junior Secondary School in School District # 41 (Burnaby) took part in the investigation. The sample comprised five sections taught by two teachers. The aim of the study was to determine if a distinguishable response choice strategy existed for the test under study. The pupils were asked to classify their response choice behaviour into 4 categories: guessing, elimination and guessing, recall, and reasoning. The responses were separated into groups of successful and unsuccessful testees on each of the 60 items of the test. The question was asked: Do successful testees show different response choice behaviour from unsuccessful ones? The hypothesis was tested for each of the 60 items. On 33 of these items, the response choice behaviour of successful testees differed from unsuccessful ones at or above the 95% confidence level. The strategy of response choice appeared to be to try to recall the answer first, and if this was not possible, to rely on reasoning, elimination and guessing, and guessing in that order. Three factors; achievement, difficulty level, and discriminating power; which might influence response choice behaviour were investigated. The results were inconclusive.
Theory of Nanoscale Organic Cavities: The Essential Role of Vibration-Photon Dressed States
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2018
Subjects: organic polaritons
strong coupling
plasmonics
microcavity
absorption
photoluminescence
cavity quantum electrodynamics

description: © 2017 American Chemical Society. The interaction of organic molecules and molecular aggregates with electromagnetic fields that are strongly confined in nanoscale optical cavities has allowed the observation of exotic quantum regimes of light-matter interaction at room temperature, for a wide variety of cavity materials and geometries. Understanding the universal features of such organic cavities represents a significant challenge for theoretical modeling, as experiments show that these systems are characterized by an intricate competition between coherent and dissipative processes involving entangled nuclear, electronic and photonic degrees of freedom. In this review, we discuss a new theoretical framework that can successfully describe organic cavities under strong light-matter coupling. The theory combines standard concepts in chemical physics and quantum optics to provide a microscopic description of vibronic organic polaritons that is fully consistent with available experiments, and yet is profoundly different from the common view of organic polaritons. We show that by introducing a new class of vibronic polariton wave functions with a photonic component that is dressed by intramolecular vibrations, the new theory can offer a consistent solution to some of the long-standing puzzles in the interpretation of organic cavity photoluminescence. Throughout this review, we confront the predictions of the model with spectroscopic observations, and describe the conditions under which the theory reduces to previous approaches. We finally discuss possible extensions of the theory to account for realistic complexities of organic cavities such spatial inhomogeneities and the multimode nature of confined electromagnetic fields.
Rechts- und Wirtschaftsprobleme der Gebietsreform in Estland
Creators: name: Mäeltsemees, Sulev
Publisher: name: MATTIMAR OÜ
Year: 2013
Subjects: administrative-territorial organisation; rural municipality; city; public administration reform; voluntary merger; economic environment; European Charter of Local Self-Government; association of local self-government

description: The purpose of this paper is to analyze administrative-territorial reforms in Estonia, the comparative analysis of the public administration reforms in the Baltic Sea region, to formulate principles and purposes of the administrative-territorial reform in Estonia. An administrative-territorial reform has been topical since in the Estonia regained its independence but there are virtually no results. In 1995, a law was passed granting the Government the right to take decisions on the country’s administrative-territorial division. Both the local authorities and the central government can initiate changes in the administrative-territorial division. A public opinion poll must be conducted before any decision on changes can be taken, although the Government is not bound by the results of the opinion poll. By the spring of 2009, there were 227 local governments in Estonia, including 194 rural municipalities and 33 cities. The administrative-territorial organisation of Estonia needs changing. The average population of Estonian rural municipalities is less than 2,500 people and, in spite of mergers, there are still inexpedient units where the centrally located settlement is separated from its hinterland in administrative terms. However, one must be objective when preparing and carrying out the administrativeterritorial reform. The often expressed opinion that decreasing the number of rural municipalities would result in retrenchment of resources in terms of the number of local officials and administrative costs is misleading
description: Estonian Discussions on Economic Policy, Vol 17 (2009)
Axonemal Lumen Dominates Cytosolic Protein Diffusion inside the Primary Cilium
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Animals
Axoneme
Carrier Proteins
Cilia
Cytosol
Diffusion
Green Fluorescent Proteins
Kinesin
Mice
Microscopy
NIH 3T3 Cells
Probability
Protein Transport
Proteins
Tubulin

description: © 2017 The Author(s). Transport of membrane and cytosolic proteins in primary cilia is thought to depend on intraflagellar transport (IFT) and diffusion. However, the relative contribution and spatial routes of each transport mechanism are largely unknown. Although challenging to decipher, the details of these routes are essential for our understanding of protein transport in primary cilia, a critically affected process in many genetic diseases. By using a high-speed virtual 3D super-resolution microscopy, we have mapped the 3D spatial locations of transport routes for various cytosolic proteins in the 250-nm-wide shaft of live primary cilia with a spatiotemporal resolution of 2 ms and <16 nm. Our data reveal two spatially distinguishable transport routes for cytosolic proteins: an IFT-dependent path along the axoneme, and a passive-diffusion route in the axonemal lumen that escaped previous studies. While all cytosolic proteins tested primarily utilize the IFT path in the anterograde direction, differences are observed in the retrograde direction where IFT20 only utilizes IFT, and approximately half of KIF17 and one third of α-tubulin utilizes diffusion besides IFT.
Impact of Globalisation on Industrial Relations
Creators: name: Philips, Kaia
name: Eamets, Raul
Publisher: name: MATTIMAR OÜ
Year: 2013
Subjects: Globalisation; flexibilisation of labour markets; employment security; social cohesion; industrial relations systems

description: Globalisation means intensified competition, the transfer of investments, production relocation outside of Europe, job losses, unemployment and rapid structural changes. European labour markets are characterised as relatively rigid, with high social security and strong industrial relations (IR). The aim of this study is to find out, how the social partners, governments and researchers interpret the challenges of globalisation on future developments of industrial relations. The research is based on expert foresight survey where IR experts from 34 countries were interviewed. The project looked to the future, to the year 2025 and discussed on what industrial relations and social dialogue would look like after fifteen-twenty years. The main findings convinced that decentralisation of collective bargaining is expected in old member states, while the situation will remain unchanged in majority of the new member states. We can conclude that European level convergence is expected in the area of industrial relations
description: Estonian Discussions on Economic Policy, Vol 17 (2009)
First Exclusive Measurement of Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering off He 4: Toward the 3D Tomography of Nuclei
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2017
Subjects: CLAS Collaboration

description: © 2017 American Physical Society. We report on the first measurement of the beam-spin asymmetry in the exclusive process of coherent deeply virtual Compton scattering off a nucleus. The experiment uses the 6 GeV electron beam from the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) accelerator at Jefferson Lab incident on a pressurized He4 gaseous target placed in front of the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS). The scattered electron is detected by CLAS and the photon by a dedicated electromagnetic calorimeter at forward angles. To ensure the exclusivity of the process, a specially designed radial time projection chamber is used to detect the recoiling He4 nuclei. We measure beam-spin asymmetries larger than those observed on the free proton in the same kinematic domain. From these, we are able to extract, in a model-independent way, the real and imaginary parts of the only He4 Compton form factor, HA. This first measurement of coherent deeply virtual Compton scattering on the He4 nucleus, with a fully exclusive final state via nuclear recoil tagging, leads the way toward 3D imaging of the partonic structure of nuclei.
Conformational Transitions in Molecular Systems
Creators: name: Bachmann, Michael
name: Janke, Wolfhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Proteins are the "work horses" in biological systems. In almost all functions specific proteins are involved. They control molecular transport processes, stabilize the cell structure, enzymatically catalyze chemical reactions; others act as molecular motors in the complex machinery of molecular synthetization processes. Due to their significance, misfolds and malfunctions of proteins typically entail disastrous diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). Therefore, the understanding of the trinity of amino acid composition, geometric structure, and biological function is one of the most essential challenges for the natural sciences. Here, we glance at conformational transitions accompanying the structure formation in protein folding processes.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Distributional Effects of Environmental Taxes in Estonia
Creators: name: Poltimäe, Helen
name: Võrk, Andres
Publisher: name: MATTIMAR OÜ
Year: 2013
Subjects: environmental taxes; distributional effect; microsimulation model; Estonia

description: This paper analyses the distributional effects of Estonian environmental taxes in 2000-2007 and recent reforms in 2008 using Estonian Household Budget Survey data and a microsimulation model. The results show that the share of environmental taxes in consumption expenditures is about 1-1.5%. Environmental taxes in 2000- 2007 were progressive due to the progressivity of motor fuel excises, which was the largest component of the environmental taxes until 2007. Since 2008, the taxes are less progressive, because of the new electricity excise and increased taxes on gas and other inputs used for distance domestic heating. To minimize the disproportionate effect of future ecological tax reform on low-income households, close monitoring of tax developments is required and necessary compensatory policies need to be implemented
description: Estonian Discussions on Economic Policy, Vol 17 (2009)
Toolpaths Programming in an Intelligent Step-NC Manufacturing Context
Creators: name: Laguionie, Raphael
name: Rauch, Matthieu
name: Hascoët, Jean-Yves
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The current language for CNC programming is G-code which dates from the beginning of the eighties with the norm ISO 6983. With the new technologies, G-code becomes obsolete. It presents drawbacks that create a rupture in the numerical chain at the manufacturing step. A new standard, STEP-NC, aims to overtake these lacks. A STEP-NC file includes all the information for manufacturing, as geometry description of the entities, workplan, machining strategies, tools, etc. For rough pocket milling, the ISO norms propose different kind of classical strategies as bidirectional, parallel or spiral contour, etc. This paper describes a new way of toolpath programming by the repetition of a pattern all along a guide curve. It presents several advantages as building fastness and easiness. The integration of pattern strategies in STEP-NC standard is an other step for the development of these strategies but also for the enrichment of STEP-NC possibilities. A complete STEP-NC numerical chain was built, integrating these pattern strategies. The implementation of this approach of building pattern strategies was made by the development of tools for the complete manufacturing cycle, from the CAD file to the machined part. Several application cases were experimented on machine tool to validate this approach and the efficiency of the developped tools.
Effekte körperlichen Trainings auf die Knochendichte bei Männern: Eine systematische Übersichtsarbeit und Meta-Analyse
Creators: name: Schnizler, Michelle
Publisher: name: Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
Year: 2024
Subjects: Exercise Effects
Bone mineral density

description: In contrast to postmenopausal women, evidence for a favorable effect of exercise on Bone Mineral Density (BMD) is still limited for men. This might be due to the paucity of studies, but also to the great variety of participants and study characteristics that may dilute study results. The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of exercise on BMD changes with rational eligibility criteria. A comprehensive search of six electronic databases up to 15 March 2021 was conducted. Briefly, controlled trials >6 months that determined changes in areal BMD in men >18 years old, with no apparent diseases or pharmacological therapy that relevantly affect bone metabolism, were included. BMD changes (standardized mean differences: SMD) of the lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) were considered as outcomes. Twelve studies with 16 exercise and 12 control groups were identified. The pooled estimate of random-effect analysis was SMD = 0.38, 95%-CI: 0.14ʹ0.61 and SMD = 0.25, 95%-CI: 0.00ʹ0.49, for LS and FN,respectively. Heterogeneity between the trials was low-moderate. Funnel plots and rank and regression correlation testsindicate evidence forsmallstudy publication bias for LS but not FN-BMD. Subgroup analyses that focus on study length, type of exercise and methodologic quality revealed no significant difference between each of the three categories. In summary, we providedfurther evidence for a low but significant effect of exercise on BMD in men. However, we are currently unable to give even rough exercise recommendations for male cohorts
A Nonredundant Role for the TRPM6 Channel in Neural Tube Closure
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Animals
Calcium
Cell Movement
Embryonic Development
Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
Germ-Line Mutation
Humans
Hypercalciuria
Hypocalcemia
Magnesium
Nephrocalcinosis
Neural Plate
Neural Tube
Renal Tubular Transport, Inborn Errors
TRPM Cation Channels
Xenopus Proteins
Xenopus laevis

description: © 2017 The Author(s). In humans, germline mutations in Trpm6 cause autosomal dominant hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia disorder. Loss of Trpm6 in mice also perturbs cellular magnesium homeostasis but additionally results in early embryonic lethality and neural tube closure defects. To define the mechanisms by which TRPM6 influences neural tube closure, we functionally characterized the role of TRPM6 during early embryogenesis in Xenopus laevis. The expression of Xenopus TRPM6 (XTRPM6) is elevated at the onset of gastrulation and is concentrated in the lateral mesoderm and ectoderm at the neurula stage. Loss of XTRPM6 produced gastrulation and neural tube closure defects. Unlike XTRPM6′s close homologue XTRPM7, whose loss interferes with mediolateral intercalation, depletion of XTRPM6 but not XTRPM7 disrupted radial intercalation cell movements. A zinc-influx assay demonstrated that TRPM6 has the potential to constitute functional channels in the absence of TRPM7. The results of our study indicate that XTRPM6 regulates radial intercalation with little or no contribution from XTRPM7 in the region lateral to the neural plate, whereas XTRPM7 is mainly involved in regulating mediolateral intercalation in the medial region of the neural plate. We conclude that both TRPM6 and TRPM7 channels function cooperatively but have distinct and essential roles during neural tube closure.
title: Bureau of Transportation Statistics: Significant Accomplishments, Fiscal Year 2007
Creators: name: Bureau of Transportation Statistics
Publisher: name: Bureau of Transportation Statistics
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/05xfdey77
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2007
Subjects: classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/97476
subject: Annual reports
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/97322
subject: Data collection
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/97320
subject: Information processing
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/97445
subject: Data sharing
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/97444
subject: Information dissemination

description: 16p. in various pagings
description: The Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) was established within the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) in 1992 to collect, report, and analyze transportation data for all modes of transportation. Today, BTS is a component of the DOT Research and Innovative Technology Administration (RITA). RITA coordinates the U.S. Department of Transportation's ever-increasing range of innovative transportation activities, statistics, research, and technologies. RITA has several statutory missions, including comprehensive transportation statistics research, analysis, and reporting. The BTS mission is to create, manage, and share transportation statistical knowledge with public and private transportation communities and the Nation. This mission is served by developing quality transportation data, promoting transportation knowledge through statistical products, and advancing effective use of this knowledge by public and private transportation decision makers, researchers, and the American public. In sum, BTS is a high-performance, results-oriented organization, committed to creating, managing, and sharing transportation statistical knowledge. Originally created under the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) of 1991, today BTS' authorizing legislation is the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU), which authorized $27 million for the agency each year from 2005 through 2009. BTS is led by a Director, appointed by the Secretary of Transportation, who reports to the Administrator of RITA. BTS staff focus their expertise in transportation, statistics, economics, information technology, library science, and geographic information systems on a wide-range of transportation matters with authoritative results. This report presents the accomplishments of BTS for fiscal year 2007.
The Dominance of Indirect Taxes in Estonian State Budget
Creators: name: Raju, Olev
Publisher: name: MATTIMAR OÜ
Year: 2013
Subjects: Taxation; tax burden; Estonian state budget; Ramsey taxes; indirect tax optimum

description: Recession has sharply erected the question of tax burden and the optimal proportion of different kinds of taxes among the incomes of the budget. Indirect taxes and consumption taxes, which proportion is different according to different methodologies, dominate in Estonian state budget. The buoyancy of a tax system based on taxes of that kind is especially weak during the recession. Difficulties concerning the incomes of budget have arisen the necessity for lifting taxes, which is possible as the tax burden is low now. But a sharp question of the optimal level of taxes is going to be raised. A formula for indirect tax optimum according to Ramsey taxes and Slutski decomposition has been proposed in the article.
description: Estonian Discussions on Economic Policy, Vol 17 (2009)
title: Effects of the February 2010 Snowstorms on Airline Performance
Creators: name: Guarino, Jenny
name: Firestine, Theresa
Publisher: name: Bureau of Transportation Statistics
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/05xfdey77
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2010
Subjects: classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/91151
subject: Weather conditions
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/91089
subject: Snow phenomena
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/91987
subject: Airlines
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/96618
subject: History
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/88030
subject: Schedules and scheduling

description: BTS special report;5p. in various pagings
description: Several snowstorms in the Northeast, Midwest, and Southeast during February 2010 disrupted air travel not only at airports blanketed with snow but at airports across the United States and its territories. Altogether, more than 20,000 flights, or 4.2 percent of all flights scheduled during the month, were canceled due to weather. This was the highest weather cancellation rate for any month since the Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) began collecting data on the extent and causes of cancellations in June 2003.
On the distortion of twin building lattices
Creators: name: Caprace, Pierre-Emmanuel
name: Remy, Bertrand
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20E (Primary) 20E32 (Secondary) 20F55, 20F65, 22E65, 51E24

description: We show that twin building lattices are undistorted in their ambient group; equivalently, the orbit map of the lattice to the product of the associated twin buildings is a quasi-isometric embedding. As a consequence, we provide an estimate of the quasi-flat rank of these lattices, which implies that there are infinitely many quasi-isometry classes of finitely presented simple groups. In an appendix, we describe how non-distortion of lattices is related to the integrability of the structural cocycle.
Estland und die Wirtschaftskrise
Creators: name: Raudjärv, Matti
Publisher: name: MATTIMAR OÜ
Year: 2013
Subjects: Economic growth; unemployment; inflation; state budget; tax revenues; crises; the European Union; economic forecasts; measures for the alleviation of crises; political impacts of economic crises

description: This paper gives a brief overview of the important changes that have taken place in 2007-2008 and by the beginning of 2009 and the resulting problems that have arisen in the Estonian economy (non-conformity between the increase in salaries and increase in labour efficiency, real estate boom and decrease in real estate prices, incorrect economic forecasts, budgeting difficulties, increase in taxes, etc.). The main factors which contributed to the economic crisis in Estonia are dwelt upon. A brief overview of the measures taken by several EU Member States for the alleviation of and getting out of the economic crisis are presented. Forecasts for 2009-2010 are discussed, also the opportunities and choices available to Estonia in the conditions of the crisis, and a few examples are given of the international political relations which have an additional effect on economic crises.
description: Estonian Discussions on Economic Policy, Vol 17 (2009)
Distribution of abundant and active planktonic ciliates in coastal and slope waters offNew England
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2017
Subjects: RNA:DNA
depth
ciliate
oligotrichia
choreotrichia
DGGE

description: © 2017 Tucker, McManus, Katz and Grattepanche. Despite their important role of linking microbial and classic marine food webs, data on biogeographical patterns of microbial eukaryotic grazers are limited, and even fewer studies have used molecular tools to assess active (i.e., those expressing genes) community members. Marine ciliate diversity is believed to be greatest at the chlorophyll maximum, where there is an abundance of autotrophic prey, and is often assumed to decline with depth. Here, we assess the abundant (DNA) and active (RNA) marine ciliate communities throughout the water column at two stations offthe New England coast (Northwest Atlantic)-a coastal station 43 km from shore (40 m depth) and a slope station 135 km offshore (1,000 m). We analyze ciliate communities using a DNA fingerprinting technique, Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE), which captures patterns of abundant community members. We compare estimates of ciliate communities from SSU-rDNA (abundant) and SSU-rRNA (active) and find complex patterns throughout the water column, including many active lineages below the photic zone. Our analyses reveal (1) a number of widely-distributed taxa that are both abundant and active; (2) considerable heterogeneity in patterns of presence/absence of taxa in offshore samples taken 50 m apart throughout the water column; and (3) three distinct ciliate assemblages based on position from shore and depth. Analysis of active (RNA) taxa uncovers biodiversity hidden to traditional DNA-based approaches (e.g., clone library, rDNA amplicon studies).
Co-channel Interference Cancellation for Space-Time Coded OFDM Systems Using Adaptive Beamforming and Null Deepening
Creators: name: Suleesathira, Raungrong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Combined with space-time coding, the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system explores space diversity. It is a potential scheme to offer spectral efficiency and robust high data rate transmissions over frequency-selective fading channel. However, space-time coding impairs the system ability to suppress interferences as the signals transmitted from two transmit antennas are superposed and interfered at the receiver antennas. In this paper, we developed an adaptive beamforming based on least mean squared error algorithm and null deepening to combat co-channel interference (CCI) for the space-time coded OFDM (STC-OFDM) system. To illustrate the performance of the presented approach, it is compared to the null steering beamformer which requires a prior knowledge of directions of arrival (DOAs). The structure of space-time decoders are preserved although there is the use of beamformers before decoding. By incorporating the proposed beamformer as a CCI canceller in the STC-OFDM systems, the performance improvement is achieved as shown in the simulation results.
description: Journal of Telecommunications,Volume 1, Issue 1, pp6-13, February 2010
title: International Piracy and Armed Robbery at Sea: Hindering Maritime Trade and Water Transportation around the World
Creators: name: Chambers, Matthew
name: Menegus, Dominic
Publisher: name: Bureau of Transportation Statistics
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/05xfdey77
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2010
Subjects: classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/90962
subject: Piracy
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/89005
subject: International trade
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/97484
subject: Tables (Data)
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/90598
subject: Maritime safety

description: BTS special report;4p. in various pagings
description: Pirates prey upon targets of opportunity. Given optimal conditions (e.g., calm weather, slow cruising speed, and daylight4) relatively small, fast vessels (e.g., containerships) may be no less at risk than large, slower vessels (e.g., crude carriers). The vessels held by pirates can range from 2,000 to 100,000 deadweight tons.
The Dilemma of Service Productivity and Service Innovation: An Empirical Exploration in Financial Services
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2018
Subjects: service productivity
service efficiency
service innovation
data envelopment analysis
empirical exploration

description: © 2017, © The Author(s) 2017. We conduct a systematic exploratory investigation of the effects of firms’ existing service productivity on the success of their new service innovations. Although previous research extensively addresses service productivity and service innovation, this is the first empirical study that bridges the gap between these two research streams and examines the links between the two concepts. Based on a comprehensive data set of new service introductions in a financial services market over a 14-year period, we empirically explore the relationship between a firm’s existing service productivity and the firm’s success in introducing new services to the market. The results unveil a fundamental service productivity-service innovation dilemma: Being productive in existing services increases a firm’s willingness to innovate new services proactively but decreases the firm’s capabilities of bringing these services to the market successfully. We provide specific insights into the mechanism underlying the complex relationship between a firm’s productivity in existing services, its innovation proactivity, and its service innovation success. For managers, we not only unpack and elucidate this dilemma but also demonstrate that a focused customer scope and growth market conditions may enable firms to mitigate the dilemma and successfully pursue service productivity and service innovation simultaneously.
Die Entwicklung der Konzeption der Nachhaltigkeitsanalyse
Creators: name: Reiljan, Janno
Publisher: name: MATTIMAR OÜ
Year: 2013
Subjects: Sustainability; sustainable development; decision making process

description: This article concerns limits and development possibilities of the sustainability analysis concept. Discussed are the qualitative sustainability measurement, and connections to the methodological basis of development assessment and the essence of evaluating sustainability. At first the sustainability definition is tackled, followed by an analysis of the nature of sustainability. The third section highlights the requirements for decision making that guarantees sustainability
description: Estonian Discussions on Economic Policy, Vol 17 (2009)