cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Prandtl number dependence of kinetic to magnetic dissipation ratio
Creators: name: Brandenburg, Axel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using direct numerical simulations of three-dimensional hydromagnetic turbulence, either with helical or non-helical forcing, we show that the ratio of kinetic-to-magnetic energy dissipation always increases with the magnetic Prandtl number, i.e., the ratio of kinematic viscosity to magnetic diffusivity. This dependence can always be approximated by a power law, but the exponent is not the same in all cases. For non-helical turbulence, the exponent is around 1/3, while for helical turbulence it is between 0.6 and 2/3. In the statistically steady state, the rate of the energy conversion from kinetic into magnetic by the dynamo must be equal to the Joule dissipation rate. We emphasize that for both small-scale and large-scale dynamos, the efficiency of energy conversion depends sensitively on the magnetic Prandtl number, and thus on the microphysical dissipation process. To understand this behavior, we also study shell models of turbulence and one-dimensional passive and active scalar models. We conclude that the magnetic Prandtl number dependence is qualitatively best reproduced in the one-dimensional model as a result of dissipation via localized Alfven kinks.
description: 10 pages, 11 figures, ApJ, in press
RE2020 : Le bâtiment neuf en marche vers la neutralité carbone
Introduction : Vers un bâtiment neuf décarboné
Creators: name: Horvilleur, Jacques
Publisher: name: SEE
Year: 2021

description: Afin de réduire la consommation énergétique du secteur du bâtiment, la nouvelle réglementation environnementale RE2020, qui doit prendre effet dès 2022, fixe un certain nombre de critères à respecter pour les futurs projets de construction immobilière. La REE donne la parole aux fournisseurs d’énergie et installateurs électriques pour exprimer leur point de vue sur cette évolution marquante de la réglementation.
RE2020 : un nouveau cadre réglementaire pour la construction neuve
Creators: name: Rifaux, Philippe
Publisher: name: SEE
Year: 2021

description: La réglementation environnementale RE2020 constitue une nouvelle étape vers une future réglementation environnementale des bâtiments neufs plus ambitieuse pour faire face aux contraintes du changement climatique. Il s’agit de préparer les bâtiments qui seront les lieux de vie des Français pour les décennies à venir, en cohérence avec les objectifs de transition écologique et énergétique du Gouvernement.
Inorganic nanoparticles in dermopharmaceutical and cosmetic products: Properties, formulation development, toxicity, and regulatory issues
Creators: name: Mascarenhas-Melo, Filipa
name: Mathur, Ankita
name: Murugappan, Sivasubramanian
name: Sharma, Arpana
name: Tanwar, Kalpita
name: Dua, Kamal
name: Singh, Sachin Kumar
name: Mazzola, Priscila Gava
name: Yadav, Dokkari
Nagalaxmi
name: Rengan, Aravind Kumar
name: Veiga, Francisco
name: Paiva-Santos, Ana Cláudia
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 51
subject: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The use of nanotechnology strategies is a current hot topic, and research in this field has been growing significantly in the cosmetics industry. Inorganic nanoparticles stand out in this context for their distinctive physicochemical properties, leading in particular to an increased refractive index and absorption capacity giving them a broad potential for cutaneous applications and making them of special interest in research for dermopharmaceutical and cosmetic purposes. This performance is responsible for its heavy inclusion in the manufacture of skin health products such as sunscreens, lotions, beauty creams, skin ointments, makeup, and others. In particular, their suitable bandgap energy characteristics allow them to be used as photocatalytic semiconductors. They provide excellent UV absorption, commonly known as UV filters, and are responsible for their wide worldwide use in sunscreen formulations without the undesirable white residue after consumer application. In addition, cosmetics based on inorganic nanoparticles have several additional characteristics relevant to formulation development, such as being less expensive compared to other nanomaterials, having greater stability, and ensuring less irritation, itching, and propensity for skin allergies. This review will address in detail the main inorganic nanoparticles used in dermopharmaceutical and cosmetic products, such as titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, silicon dioxide, silver, gold, copper, and aluminum nanoparticles, nanocrystals, and quantum dots, reporting their physicochemical characteristics, but also their additional intrinsic properties that contribute to their use in this type of formulations. Safety issues regarding inorganic nanoparticles, based on toxicity studies, both to humans and the environment, as well as regulatory affairs associated with their use in dermopharmaceuticals and cosmetics, will be addressed.
Dimension-5 baryon-number violation in low-scale Pati-Salam
Creators: name: Dutka, Tomasz P.
name: Gargalionis, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The gauge bosons of Pati-Salam do not mediate proton decay at the renormalisable level, and for this reason it is possible to construct scenarios in which $SU(4) \otimes SU(2)_{R}$ is broken at relatively low scales. In this Letter we show that such low-scale models generate dimension-5 operators that can give rise to nucleon decays at unacceptably large rates, even if the operators are suppressed by the Planck scale. We find an interesting complementarity between the nucleon-decay limits and the usual meson-decay constraints. Furthermore, we argue that these operators are generically present when the model is embedded into $SO(10)$, lowering the suppression scale. Under reasonable assumptions, the lower limit on the breaking scale can be constrained to be as high as $\mathcal{O}(10^{8})$ GeV.
description: 9 pages, 1 figure, 1 table; version accepted for publication in PRD
Spiritual aftereffects of incongruous near-death experiences: A heuristic approach
Creators: name: Robert Waxman, Ph.D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: near-death experience, cognitive dissonance, spiritual transformation, consciousness, perceptual studies, out of body experience, veridical perception

description: Abstract (Summary)

Many individuals have experienced a transformation of their spirituality after a near-death experience (NDE). Some of these near-death experiencers (NDErs) have reported an incongruous spiritual experience (ISE) during their NDEs. An incongruous spiritual experience occurs when NDErs perceive certain communications and/or visions that are incompatible or inconsistent with their previous religious/spiritual beliefs. In the present study the researcher examined NDE and ISE-related phenomena utilizing the qualitative techniques of heuristic analysis. An initial pool of 84 survey participants completed Greyson's NDE Scale and a questionnaire developed by the researcher to measure various elements of an incongruous spiritual experience. Subsequently, eight participants were interviewed utilizing Moustakas's heuristic analysis to investigate their NDE/ISE-related experiences. The results indicated that each participant altered or changed their religious/spiritual beliefs after coping with varying intensities of cognitive dissonance. Therefore, it was concluded that the participants' reports of incongruous elements during their NDEs were spiritually transformative.
Objectif zéro émission en 2050 dans le secteur du bâtiment
Les solutions compatibles avec la RE2020
Creators: name: Degand, Chantal
name: Chatagnon, Nadège
name: Mougeot, Nathalie
name: Pulce, Hélène
Publisher: name: SEE
Year: 2021

description: Comment atteindre la « neutralité carbone » en 2050 dans le secteur du bâtiment ? EDF présente ici les solutions qui lui semblent les mieux adaptées pour la mise en œuvre de la réglementation RE2020
The Supersonic Project: The eccentricity and rotational support of SIGOs and DM GHOSts
Creators: name: Williams, Claire E.
name: Naoz, Smadar
name: Lake, William
name: Chiou, Yeou S.
name: Burkhart, Blakesley
name: Marinacci, Federico
name: Vogelsberger, Mark
name: Chiaki, Gen
name: Nakazato, Yurina
name: Yoshida, Naoki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A supersonic relative velocity between dark matter (DM) and baryons (the stream velocity) at the time of recombination induces the formation of low mass objects with anomalous properties in the early Universe. We widen the scope of the `Supersonic Project' paper series to include objects we term Dark Matter + Gas Halos Offset by Streaming (DM GHOSts)--diffuse, DM-enriched structures formed because of a physical offset between the centers of mass of DM and baryonic overdensities. We present an updated numerical investigation of DM GHOSts and Supersonically Induced Gas Objects (SIGOs), including the effects of molecular cooling, in high resolution hydrodynamic simulations using the AREPO code. Supplemented by an analytical understanding of their ellipsoidal gravitational potentials, we study the population-level properties of these objects, characterizing their morphology, spin, radial mass, and velocity distributions in comparison to classical structures in non-streaming regions. The stream velocity causes deviations from sphericity in both the gas and DM components and lends greater rotational support to the gas. Low mass ($<\sim 10^{5.5}$ M$_\odot$) objects in regions of streaming demonstrate core-like rotation and mass profiles. Anomalies in the rotation and morphology of DM GHOSts could represent an early Universe analogue to observed ultra-faint dwarf galaxies with variations in DM content and unusual rotation curves.
description: 27 pages, 20 figures. Accepted ApJ
Les réseaux et pompes à chaleur décarbonent le bâtiment
Des solutions concrètes pour respecter la RE2020
Creators: name: Duport, Yannick
Publisher: name: SEE
Year: 2021

description: Pour décarboner les bâtiments, des solutions concrètes existent déjà ! Les réseaux de chaleur ainsi que les pompes à chaleur permettent aux bâtiments de réduire leurs consommations d’énergie tout en utilisant des énergies renouvelables et de récupération locales et bas carbone.
Pinning in a system of swarmalators
Creators: name: Sar, Gourab Kumar
name: Ghosh, Dibakar
name: O'Keeffe, Kevin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a population of swarmalators (swarming/mobile oscillators) which run on a ring and are subject to random pinning. The pinning represents the tendency of particles to stick to defects in the underlying medium which competes with the tendency to sync / swarm. The result is rich collective behavior. A highlight is low dimensional chaos which in systems of ordinary, Kuramoto-type oscillators is uncommon. Some of the states (the phase wave and split phase wave) resemble those seen in systems of Janus matchsticks or Japanese tree frogs. The others (such as the sync and unsteady states) may be observable in systems of vinegar eels, electrorotated Quincke rollers, or other swarmalators moving in disordered environments.
description: Accepted for publication in Physical Review E (2023)
Photoinduced electronic and spin properties of two-dimensional electron gases with Rashba spin-orbit coupling under perpendicular magnetic fields
Creators: name: Hernangómez-Pérez, Daniel
name: Torres, Juan Daniel
name: López, Alexander
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: We theoretically investigate photoinduced phenomena induced by time-periodic driving fields in two-dimensional electron gases under perpendicular magnetic fields with Rashba spin-orbit coupling. Using perturbation theory, we provide analytical results for the Floquet-Landau energy spectrum appearing due to THz radiation. By employing the resulting photomodulated states, we compute the dynamical evolution of the spin polarization function for an initially prepared coherent state. We find that the interplay of the magnetic field, Rashba spin-orbit interaction, and THz radiation can lead to nontrivial beating patterns in the spin polarization. The dynamics also induces fractional revivals in the autocorrelation function due to interference of the photomodulated quantum states. We calculate the transverse photoassisted conductivity in the linear response regime using Kubo formalism and analyze the impact of the radiation field and Rashba spin-orbit interaction. In the static limit we find that our results reduce to well-known expressions of the conductivity in nonrelativistic and quasirelativistic (topological insulator surfaces) two-dimensional electron gas thoroughly described in the literature. We discuss the possible experimental detection of our theoretical prediction and their relevance for spin-orbit physics at high magnetic fields.
Gaz renouvelable, PAC hybride : il faut diversifier les solutions
Questions à Bernard Aulagne, président de Coénove
Creators: name: Aulagne, Bernard
Publisher: name: SEE
Year: 2021

description: Il y a quelques mois, Olivier David, chef du bureau Climat de la DGEC au Ministère de la transition écologique, présentait la RE2020 comme la revanche de l’électricité sur le gaz suite à la RT2012. Que vous évoquent ces propos à quelques semaines désormais de l’entrée en vigueur de cette nouvelle réglementation dans la construction neuve ?
Ferroelectric Switching Pathways and Domain Structure of SrBi$_2$(Ta,Nb)$_2$O$_9$ from First Principles
Creators: name: Pokhrel, Nabaraj
name: Nowadnick, Elizabeth A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several families of layered perovskite oxide ferroelectrics exhibit a coupling between polarization and structural order parameters, such as octahedral rotation distortions. This coupling provides opportunities for novel electric field-based manipulation of material properties, and also stabilizes complex domain patterns and domain wall vortices. Amongst layered perovskites with such coupled orders, the Aurivillius-phase oxides SrBi$_2B_2$O$_9$ ($B$=Ta, Nb) are well-known for their excellent room temperature ferroelectric performance. This work combines group theoretic analysis with density functional theory calculations to examine the ferroelectric switching processes of SrBi$_2B_2$O$_9$. Low-energy two-step ferroelectric switching paths are identified, with polarization reversal facilitated by structural order parameter rotations. Analysis of the domain structure reveals how the relative energetics of the coupled order parameters translates into a network of several distinct domain wall types linked by domain wall vortex structures. Comparisons are made between the ferroelectric switching and domain structure of SrBi$_2B_2$O$_9$ and those of the layered $n$=2 Ruddlesden-Popper hybrid improper ferroelectrics. The results provide new insight into how ferroelectric properties may be optimized by engineering the complex crystal structures of Aurivllius-phase oxides.
Hugenholtz -- Pines relations and the critical temperature of a Rabi coupled binary Bose system
Creators: name: Rakhimov, Abdulla
name: Khudoyberdiev, Asliddin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a theoretical field Gaussian approximation we have studied Rabi coupled binary Bose system at low temperatures. We have derived extended Hugenholtz - Pines relations taking into account one body interaction (e.g. Rabi coupling) and studied the critical temperature $T_c$ of Bose-Einstein condensate transition. We have shown that, the shift of $T_c$ due to this interaction can not exceed $\sim 60 \%$ and goes to a plateau with increasing the parameter $Ω_R/T_{c}^{0}$, where $Ω_R$ is the intensity of the coupling and $T_{c}^{0}$ is the critical temperature of the system with $Ω_R=0$. Moreover, the shift is always positive and does not depend on the sign of the one body interaction.
description: 22 pages and 2 figures
Indirect and direct signatures of Higgs portal decaying vector dark matter for positron excess in cosmic rays
Creators: name: Baek, Seungwon
name: Ko, P.
name: Park, Wan-Il
name: Tang, Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the indirect signatures of the Higgs portal $U(1)_X$ vector dark matter (VDM) $X_μ$ from both its pair annihilation and decay. The VDM is stable at renormalizable level by $Z_2$ symmetry, and thermalized by Higgs-portal interactions. It can also decay by some nonrenormalizable operators with very long lifetime at cosmological time scale. If dim-6 operators for VDM decays are suppressed by $10^{16}$ GeV scale, the lifetime of VDM with mass $\sim$ 2 TeV is just right for explaining the positron excess in cosmic ray recent observed by PAMELA and AMS02 Collaborations. The VDM decaying into $μ^+ μ^-$ can fit the data, evading various constraints on cosmic rays. We give one UV-complete model as an example. This scenario for Higgs portal decaying VDM with mass around $\sim2$ TeV can be tested by DM direct search at XENON1T and at the future colliders by measuring the Higgs self-couplings.
description: 21 pages, 9 figures; reference added, minor corrections in the text; published version on JCAP
Citizen Science: more than natural science? A few cases from humanistics, social science and cross-disciplinary research.
Creators: name: Kaarsted, Thomas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: citizen science, social sciences, multidisciplinary research

description: Citizen Science, at least in the modern sense, seems to have originated from Natural Science. Bees, birds, marine life, water, air and the environment in general could be considered a major trend. But in recent years a shift seems to appear towards other disciplines and multidisciplinary research. This talk outlines Citizen Science as a method, address the need for board partnerships and display a number Citizen Science projects with in Humanistics, Social Science a long with a focus on multidisciplinary research. Also, as Science Literacy seem to be of potential as an integrated part of Citizen Science, examples of this is explored.
description: This presentation was part of the session 'Citizen Science: what it means for SSH and how can multidisciplinarity be achieved? Use-cases and panel.'
Disturbance accelerates the transition from low- to high- diversity state in a model ecosystem
Creators: name: Botta, Filippo
name: Mitarai, Namiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of disturbance on a model ecosystem of sessile and mutually competitive species [Mathiesen et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 188101 (2011); Mitarai et al. Phys. Rev. E 86, 011929 (2012) ] is studied. The disturbance stochastically removes individuals from the system, and the created empty sites are re-colonized by neighbouring species. We show that the stable high-diversity state, maintained by occasional cyclic species interactions that create isolated patches of meta-populations, is robust against small disturbance. We further demonstrate that finite disturbance can accelerate the transition from the low- to high-diversity state by helping creation of small patches through diffusion of boundaries between species with stand-off relation.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures. Typos corrected
Two-Fluid Description of Wave-Particle Interactions in Strong Buneman Turbulence
Creators: name: Che, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To understand the nature of anomalous resistivity in magnetic reconnection, we investigate turbulence-induced momentum transport and energy dissipation while a plasma is unstable to the Buneman instability in force-free current sheets. Using 3D particle-in-cell simulations, we find that the macroscopic effects generated by wave-particle interactions in Buneman instability can be approximately described by a set of electron fluid equations. We show that both energy dissipation and momentum transport along electric current in the current layer are locally quasi-static, but globally dynamic and irreversible. Turbulent drag dissipates both the streaming energy of the current sheet and the associated magnetic energy. The net loss of streaming energy is converted into the electron component heat conduction parallel to the magnetic field and increases the electron Boltzmann entropy. The growth of self-sustained Buneman waves satisfies a Bernoulli-like equation that relates the turbulence-induced convective momentum transport and thermal momentum transport. Electron trapping and de-trapping drive local momentum transports, while phase mixing converts convective momentum into thermal momentum. The drag acts like a micro-macro link in the anomalous heating processes. The decrease of magnetic field maintains an inductive electric field that re-accelerates electrons, but most of the magnetic energy is dissipated and converted into the component heat of electrons perpendicular to the magnetic field. This heating process is decoupled from the heating of Buneman instability in the current sheets. Ion heating is weak but ions plays an important role in assisting energy exchanges between waves and electrons. Cold ion fluid equations together with our electron fluid equations form a complete set of equations that describes the occurrence, growth, saturation and decay of the Buneman instability.
description: To be published in Physics of Plasma in 07/2014
Etape importante pour la fusion contrôlée par confinement inertiel
Creators: name: Leconte, Marc
Publisher: name: SEE
Year: 2021

description: Le laboratoire américain Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) a annoncé au mois d’août de nouveaux résultats dans le domaine de la fusion nucléaire inertielle avec une production d’énergie de 1,3 mégajoule. Que représente cette énergie dans le projet poursuivi depuis plusieurs décennies de maîtriser sur terre les processus au cœur des étoiles ?
'Many hands make light work. Many hands together make merry work': Transcribe Bentham.
Creators: name: Tim, Causer
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: citizen science, social sciences, handwritten text recognition, document image analysis, keyword spotting technology

description: Established at UCL in 1959 in order to produce the new authoritative edition of The Collected Works of Jeremy Bentham, the renowned philosopher and reformer, the Bentham Project is a centre of excellence in textual editing and legal and historical scholarship. To date, thirty-four of a projected eighty volumes have been published in the edition, which is based upon works Bentham printed or published during his lifetime, and upon works found in his unpublished manuscripts. The Bentham Papers—consisting of around 85,000 manuscript pages held by UCL Library and 15,000 by the British Library—is only rivalled by the papers of Karl Marx as the most important collection of unexplored philosophical material in the canon of European thought. Since 2010 the Bentham Project has also been at the forefront of digital humanities research. In September 2010 it launched the pioneering and award-winning crowdsourced transcription initiative Transcribe Bentham, which has recruited remote volunteers from around the world to transcribe and explore Bentham’s manuscripts, and to indicate structural and other features of the manuscripts by adding Text-Encoding Initiative-compliant XML; to date, volunteers have transcribed around 25,000 pages, or an estimated 10 million words. Transcribe Bentham’s success subsequently led to the Bentham Project’s involvement, from 2013–19, in two major international projects, in which computer scientists, computational linguists, archives and information services professionals, and humanities scholars developed and made freely available the Transkribus platform, which incorporates Handwritten Text Recognition, Document Image Analysis, and Keyword Spotting technologies to allow for the indexing, searching, and full automated transcription of historic manuscripts. This potential impact of this transformative technology was recently recognised by Transkribus receiving the European Commission’s Horizon Impact Award for 2020.
description: This presentation was part of the session 'Citizen Science: what it means for SSH and how can multidisciplinarity be achieved? Use-cases and panel.'
Investigations on the light hadron decays of $Z_b(10610)$ and $Z_b(10650)$
Creators: name: Wu, Qi
name: Zheng, Yuanxin
name: Liu, Shidong
name: Li, Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The light hadron decay processes of $Z_b(10610)/Z_b(10650)$ provide us a way to study their nature and decay mechanism. In this work, we evaluate the branching ratios of $Z_b(10610)/Z_b(10650) \to VP$ ($V$ and $P$ stand for light vector and pseudoscalar mesons, respectively) using an effective Lagrangian approach, in which the contributions of intermediate bottomed meson triangle loops are considered. In our calculations, the $Z_b(10610)$ and $Z_b(10650)$ are regarded as $B\bar{B}^*+c.c.$ and $B^*\bar{B}^*$ molecular states, respectively. The predicted branching ratios of $Z_b(10610)\rightarrow VP$ are about in the order of $10^{-2}$, while the branching ratios of $Z_b(10650)\rightarrow VP$ are in the order of $10^{-3}$. Furthermore, the dependence of these ratios between different decay modes of $Z_b(10610)/Z_b(10650)$ on the mixing $η-η^\prime$ angle $θ_P$ is investigated, which may be a good quantity for the experiments. It is hoped that the calculations here could be tested by future experiments.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures and 1 table
L’optique dans les réseaux cœur : de l’avènement du WDM à aujourd’hui
Creators: name: Joindot, Michel
Publisher: name: SEE
Year: 2021

description: En trois décennies, la fibre optique a apporté une révolution dans les réseaux de télécommunications. Cet article fait le point sur les évolutions techniques survenues au cours de cette période et les derniers résultats de la recherche ainsi que leur impact sur les produits industriels.
L’hydrogène bas carbone : pour quels usages ?
Creators: name: Merlin, André
Publisher: name: SEE
Year: 2021

description: On entend beaucoup parler de l’hydrogène comme solution prometteuse pour la réduction des émissions de carbone. Selon les procédés de production de l’hydrogène, il convient toutefois de s’interroger sur les usages envisageables en fonction du coût et du rendement énergétique global. Dans le futur peut-on espérer que l’hydrogène soit un carburant universel ? Au regard des technologies actuelles on peut s’interroger.
Decoherence in semiconductor cavity QED systems due to phonon scattering
Creators: name: Kaer, P.
name: Mork, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effect of electron-phonon interactions on the coherence properties of single photons emitted from a semiconductor cavity QED system, i.e. a quantum dot embedded in an optical cavity. The degree of indistinguishability, governing the quantum mechanical interference between two single photons, is calculated as a function of important parameters describing the cavity QED system and the phonon reservoir, e.g. cavity quality factor, light-matter coupling strength, temperature and phonon lifetime. We show that non-Markovian effects play an important role in determining the coherence properties for typical parameter values and establish the conditions under which a Markovian approximation may be applied. The calculations are performed using a recently developed second order perturbation theory, the limits of validity of which are established by comparing to an exact diagonalization approach. We find that for large cavity decay rates the perturbation theory may break down.
description: Corrected a few mistakes, published in PRB
Nuclear spin relaxation rate of nonunitary Dirac and Weyl superconductors
Creators: name: Maeno, Koki
name: Kawaguchi, Yuki
name: Asano, Yasuhiro
name: Kobayashi, Shingo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonunitary superconductivity has attracted renewed interest as a novel gapless phase of matter. In this study, we investigate the superconducting gap structure of nonunitary odd-parity chiral pairing states in a superconductor involving strong spin-orbit interactions. By applying a group theoretical classification of chiral states in terms of discrete rotation symmetry, we categorized all possible point-nodal gap structures in nonunitary chiral states into four types in terms of the topological number of nodes and node positions relative to the rotation axis. In addition to conventional Dirac and Weyl point nodes, we identify a novel type of Dirac point node unique to nonunitary chiral superconducting states. The node type can be identified experimentally based on the temperature dependence of the nuclear magnetic resonance longitudinal relaxation rate. The implication of our results for a nonunitary odd-parity superconductor in UTe$_2$ is also discussed.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures
Catalytic evaluation of Sn-containing zeolites for the transformation of complex sugar mixtures into methyl lactate: an approach to hemicellulose valorization
Creators: name: Jiménez Martín, Jose Manuel
name: Montaña, Maia
name: Linares, María
name: García, Alicia
name: Iglesias, Jose
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Abstract from an oral contribution to ISGC.
Les électriciens du futur : l’installateur électricien devient un intégrateur électricien
Creators: name: Gravier, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: SEE
Year: 2021

description: Sous l’eﬀet de la révolution numérique en cours, notamment le recours de plus en plus fréquent à l’intelligence artiﬁcielle ou aux objets connectés, le métier d’installateur électricien est en train de connaître une profonde mutation. Le président de la FFIE expose ici les principales caractéristiques de cette évolution qui tendent à transformer l’installateur traditionnel en intégrateur de solutions globales.
The Two Bell's Theorems of John Bell
Creators: name: Wiseman, Howard M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many of the heated arguments about the meaning of "Bell's theorem" arise because this phrase can refer to two different theorems that John Bell proved, the first in 1964 and the second in 1976. His 1964 theorem is the incompatibility of quantum phenomena with the dual assumptions of locality and determinism. His 1976 theorem is the incompatibility of quantum phenomena with the unitary property of local causality. This is contrary to Bell's own later assertions, that his 1964 theorem began with that single, and indivisible, assumption of local causality (even if not by that name). While there are other forms of Bell's theorems --- which I present to explain the relation between Jarrett-completeness, "fragile locality", and EPR-completeness --- I maintain that Bell's two versions are the essential ones. Although the two Bell's theorems are logically equivalent, their assumptions are not, and the different versions of the theorem suggest quite different conclusions, which are embraced by different communities. For realists, the notion of local causality, ruled out by Bell's 1976 theorem, is motivated implicitly by Reichenbach's Principle of common cause and explicitly by the Principle of relativistic causality, and it is the latter which must be forgone. Operationalists pay no heed to Reichenbach's Principle, but wish to keep the Principle of relativistic causality, which, bolstered by an implicit "Principle of agent-causation", implies their notion of locality. Thus for operationalists, Bell's theorem is the 1964 one, and implies that it is determinism that must be forgone. I discuss why the two `camps' are drawn to these different conclusions, and what can be done to increase mutual understanding.
description: 35 pages. To be published in Special Issue of J.Phys.A. "50 years of Bell's theorem". This version has minor refinements in terminology and in a few definitions, and a few other minor changes
Henri Poincaré, mathématicien universel, est-il à l’origine de la théorie de la relativité ?
Creators: name: Leconte, Marc
Publisher: name: SEE
Year: 2021

description: Henri Poincaré a été l’un des plus grands mathématiciens de tous les temps et probablement le dernier mathématicien universel. Philosophe par la profondeur de ses réflexions sur les fondements des mathématiques et de la physique, il a également interrogé la science sur ses rapports entre la société et la morale. Il a revisité les domaines mathématiques comme la géométrie non euclidienne, les équations différentielles, les probabilités et en physique il a été le précurseur de la théorie moderne du chaos déterministe et l’un des pères de la relativité restreinte.
Fluctuations and Entanglement spectrum in quantum Hall states
Creators: name: Petrescu, Alexandru
name: Song, H. Francis
name: Rachel, Stephan
name: Ristivojevic, Zoran
name: Flindt, Christian
name: Laflorencie, Nicolas
name: Klich, Israel
name: Regnault, Nicolas
name: Hur, Karyn Le
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The measurement of quantum entanglement in many-body systems remains challenging. One experimentally relevant fact about quantum entanglement is that in systems whose degrees of freedom map to free fermions with conserved total particle number, exact relations hold relating the Full Counting Statistics associated with the bipartite charge fluctuations and the sequence of R\' enyi entropies. We draw a correspondence between the bipartite charge fluctuations and the entanglement spectrum, mediated by the R\' enyi entropies. In the case of the integer quantum Hall effect, we show that it is possible to reproduce the generic features of the entanglement spectrum from a measurement of the second charge cumulant only. Additionally, asking whether it is possible to extend the free fermion result to the $ν=1/3$ fractional quantum Hall case, we provide numerical evidence that the answer is negative in general. We further address the problem of quantum Hall edge states described by a Luttinger liquid, and derive expressions for the spectral functions of the real space entanglement spectrum at a quantum point contact realized in a quantum Hall sample.
description: Final Version. Invited Article, for Special Issue of JSTAT on "Quantum Entanglement in Condensed Matter Physics"
Mirror Dark Sector Solution of the Hubble Tension with Time-varying Fine-structure Constant
Creators: name: Zhang, John
name: Frieman, Joshua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore a model introduced by Cyr-Racine, Ge, and Knox (arXiv:2107.13000(2)) that resolves the Hubble tension by invoking a ``mirror world" dark sector with energy density a fixed fraction of the ``ordinary" sector of Lambda-CDM. Although it reconciles cosmic microwave background and large-scale structure observations with local measurements of the Hubble constant, the model requires a value of the primordial Helium mass fraction that is discrepant with observations and with the predictions of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN). We consider a variant of the model with standard Helium mass fraction but with the value of the electromagnetic fine-structure constant slightly different during photon decoupling from its present value. If $α$ at that epoch is lower than its current value by $Δα\simeq -2\times 10^{-5}$, then we can achieve the same Hubble tension resolution as in Cyr-Racine, et al. but with consistent Helium abundance. As an example of such time-evolution, we consider a toy model of an ultra-light scalar field, with mass $m <4\times 10^{-29}$ eV, coupled to electromagnetism, which evolves after photon decoupling and that appears to be consistent with late-time constraints on $α$ variation and the weak equivalence principle.
description: 15 pages, 1 figure. Updated weak equivalence principle constraints. This version accepted for publication in PRD
Interaction and Depth against Nondeterminism in Proof Search
Creators: name: Kahramanogullari, Ozan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep inference is a proof theoretic methodology that generalizes the standard notion of inference of the sequent calculus, whereby inference rules become applicable at any depth inside logical expressions. Deep inference provides more freedom in the design of deductive systems for different logics and a rich combinatoric analysis of proofs. In particular, construction of exponentially shorter analytic proofs becomes possible, however with the cost of a greater nondeterminism than in the sequent calculus. In this paper, we show that the nondeterminism in proof search can be reduced without losing the shorter proofs and without sacrificing proof theoretic cleanliness. For this, we exploit an interaction and depth scheme in the logical expressions. We demonstrate our method on deep inference systems for multiplicative linear logic and classical logic, discuss its proof complexity and its relation to focusing, and present implementations.
Anisotropic gravitational waves induced by hypermagnetic fields during the electroweak phase transition epoch
Creators: name: Li, Mingqiu
name: Yan, Qi-Shu
name: Huang, Mei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the anisotropies of gravitational waves induced by weak hypermagnetic fields which are randomly distributed and oriented during the electroweak phase transition in the early universe. The theory setup of this study is the standard model plus a real singlet scalar field, which can produce the needed strongly first order electroweak phase transition. Then we investigate how the hypermagnetic fields can convert to magnetic fields and we compute the departure of energy difference between the symmetric phase and the broken phase when the magnetic fields are turned on. It is found that the presence of the hypermagnetic fields can increase the Euclidean action, thus can decrease nucleation temperature, which can lead to a supercool plasma. We point out that the hypermagnetic field can enhance the gravitational wave production from a first order electroweak phase transition and the inhomogeneity of primordial hypermagnetic field can lead to anisotropies of gravitational waves. By examining three well-motivated distribution of hypermagnetic fields, we calculate the corresponding angular power spectra of stochastic gravitational wave background and find they can be significantly larger than the contributions of the Sachs-Wolfe effects and integrated Sachs-Wolfe effects. Our results show that the anisotropies of gravitational wave could provide a novel probe to the primordial hypermagnetic field in the electroweak phase transition epoch.
description: 17 pages, 9 figures
Entretien avec Marko Erman - Le Groupe Thales, une vitrine de technologies innovantes
Creators: name: Erman, Marko
Publisher: name: SEE
Year: 2021

description: La transformation numérique s’accélère, change nos vies et nos économies. Plus que jamais, le défi climatique est au centre de nos préoccupations. Des ruptures technologiques, comme l’intelligence artificielle ou encore le quantique, apportent leur lot de solutions, et parfois aussi de questions. L’entretien avec Marko Erman illustre comment Thales prend en compte ces tendances dans ses activités de recherche et développement.
A coupled-channel system with anomalous thresholds and unitarity
Creators: name: Korpa, Csaba L.
name: Lutz, Matthias F. M.
name: Guo, Xiao-Yu
name: Heo, Yonggoo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the isospin one-half example system, with $D \,π, D\,η, D_s \bar K, D^* π, D^*η, D^*\bar K$ coupled channels in the $J^P = 1^-$ partial wave, chosen such that various phenomena that come with the opening of an anomalous threshold can be illustrated in a step-wise procedure by a suitable variation of up, down and strange quark masses. We use a set of LEC in the chiral Lagrangian that were adjusted to a large set of Lattice QCD results. The six phase shifts and inelasticity parameters are presented for various choices of the pion mass. For a pion mass of 150 MeV there are no anomalous thresholds encountered. The small change from 150 MeV to 145 MeV pion mass causes a dramatic impact of the anomalous threshold on the phase shifts.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
How does our advocacy garden grow? Analyzing advocacy initiatives by Canadian library associations
Creators: Carr-Wiggin, Merran
Gareau-Brennan, Céline
Carrier, Hélène
McNally, Michael B.
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2023

Advocacy initiatives by library associations seek to enact change by influencing governments and other stakeholder organizations for the benefit of libraries, their clients, and the profession of librarianship. This session will describe an exploratory study to see what seeds of advocacy and change have been sown by Canadian library associations, with a view to growing effective strategies for the future. The importance of advocacy work is underscored by the library field's ethical code (CFLA, 2019/IFLA 2012). Library advocacy literature to date has focused on practical guidance for librarians that can be used at the grassroots level (Million and Bossaler, 2020). In the Canadian context, there are few empirical studies and the field mostly relies on the literature of thought leaders (Cleyle, 2020; Bourne-Tyson, 2017). The research team looked at three organizations at the national level representing libraries and organizations of various types: the Canadian Association of Research Libraries, the Canadian Urban Libraries Council and the Canadian Federation of Library Associations. Data was collected from a variety of sources, including association documentation records of federal government consultations, and lobbying activities. A thematic analysis was conducted using open coding and visual theme mapping, and the results analyzed using Schein’s organizational behaviour lens. The results provide a cohesive view of the topics, directions and mechanisms of the advocacy efforts of these associations since 2016, as well as an initial assessment of gaps in themes and advocacy practices. This study will form the foundation of a further investigation to explore the impact of library association advocacy and to identify successful patterns and strategies for advocacy initiatives in the future.
Efficient Generation of Intense Broadband Terahertz Pulses from Quartz
Creators: name: Wei, Yuxuan
name: Le, Jiaming
name: Tian, Chuanshan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The intense terahertz (THz) pulses facilitate the observation of various nonlinear optical effects and manipulation of material properties. In this work, we report a convenient approach that can produce strong broadband terahertz pulses with center frequency tunable between 2-4 THz. The coherent THz light source with pulse energy of 1.2 microjoule can be generated from a low-cost crystalline quartz pumped by an ultrashort tilted wave-front pulse. Thanks to the wide transparent spectral window and high damage threshold, our theoretical analysis and experiment show that the optical rectification in quartz is as efficient as that in LiNbO3, but covers much broader spectral range. This work not only provides the light source that is urgently needed for nonlinear THz spectroscopy beyond 1 THz, but offers an alternative route in the selection of nonlinear optical crystals for optical frequency conversion.
Eight types of physical "arrows" distinguished by Newtonian space-time symmetry
Creators: name: Hlinka, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper draws the attention to the spatiotemporal symmetry of various vector-like physical quantities. The symmetry is specified by their invariance under the action of symmetry operations of the Opechowski nonrelativistic space-time rotation group O(3).{1, 1'}= O'(3), where 1' is time-reversal operation. It is argued that along with the canonical polar vector, there are another 7 symmetrically distinct classes of stationary physical quantities, which can be - and often are - denoted as standard three-components vectors, even though they do not transform as a static polar vector under all operations of O'(3). The octet of symmetrically distinct "directional quantities" can be exemplified by: two kinds of polar vectors (electric dipole moment P and magnetic toroidal moment T, two kinds of axial vectors (magnetization M and electric toroidal moment G), two kinds of chiral "bi-directors" C and F (associated with the so-called true and false chirality, resp.) and still another two achiral "bi-directors" N and L, transforming as the nematic liquid crystal order parameter and as the antiferromagnetic order parameter of the hematite crystal alpha-Fe2O3, respectively.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
Imaging Charge Localization in a Conjugated Oligophenylene
Creators: name: Patera, Laerte L.
name: Queck-Scharrer, Fabian
name: Repp, Jascha
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik
subject: 540 Chemie

description: Polaron formation in conjugated polymers has a major impact on their optical and electronic properties. In polyphenylene, the molecular conformation is determined by a delicate interplay between electron delocalization and steric effects. Injection of excess charges is expected to increase the degree of conjugation, leading to structural distortions of the chain. Here we investigated at the single-molecule level the role of an excess charge in an individual oligophenylene deposited on sodium chloride films. By combining sub-molecular-resolved atomic force microscopy with redox-state-selective orbital imaging, we characterize both structural and electronical changes occurring upon hole injection. While the neutral molecule exhibits a delocalized frontier orbital, for the cationic radical the excess charge is observed to localize, inducing a partial planarization of the molecule. These results provide direct evidence for self-trapping of the excess charge in oligophenylenes, shedding light on the interplay of charge localization and structural distortion.