Panthea apanthea Anweiler 2009, sp. n.
Creators: name: Anweiler, Gary G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Pantheidae
Panthea
Panthea apanthea

description: <i>Panthea apanthea</i> Anweiler, sp. n. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A120BA18-CACF-4F2C-A9D5-E7CB60A1E2D4 Figs. 1-2, 45, 58, 69 <b>Type material.</b> <b>Holotype</b> male – “[United States] White Mts. AZ [Arizona] / El. 7200-12500 ft. / 10-30 Aug 1925./ O. C. Poling coll”; “Barnes collection”; “HOLO- TYPE / <i>Panthea apanthea /</i> Anweiler” [red label]; “Photographed by J.D. Gill (CNC)/ 260” [orange label]; deposited in USNM.. <b>Paratypes</b> (8 ♁, 2 &amp;female;): <b>Arizona:</b> Coconino Co., Oak Creek Canyon, 5000', 6.viii.1986, R.H. Leuschner, coll. (1 ♁); same locality and collector, 7.viii.1986 (2 ♁); Coconino Co., 7 miles west Williams, 8-15.viii.1956, Noel McFarland, coll. (2 ♁); Flagstaff, 12.viii.1999, R. M. Brown, coll. (3 ♁, 1 &amp;female;). <b>Colorado:</b> El Paso Co., 20 miles east Colorado Springs, 18.viii.1965, Sam Johnson (1 ♁); Starr Ranch nr. Colorado Springs, 16.viii.1965, 6600', Sam Johnson, coll. (1 &amp;female;) [CNC; RHL; RMB]. <b>Etymology.</b> The name is Latin and means “not <i>Panthea</i>,” and refers to the unusual structure of the genitalia, which differ so much in appearance from other American <i>Panthea</i>. <b>Diagnosis.</b> The typical <i>Panthea</i> pattern will identify <i>P</i>. <i>apanthea</i> to genus, and the very small size will separate it from all other western <i>Panthea</i>, with the possible excep- tion of very small males of <i>P. judyae.</i> The lack of any sharply contrasting black lines on the forewings will separate it from all other <i>Panthea.</i> Internally the lack of sclerotized spines on the vesica and the lack of a heavily sclerotized sterigma are unique to <i>P</i>. <i>apanthea</i> <i>,</i> and unusual for <i>Panthea</i>. <b>Description.</b> Male and female moderately dimorphic, female larger and with darker hindwing than male; forewing length: 4-15 mm (male), 18 mm (female). <b>Head</b> – male antenna bipectinate, pectinations approximately 1.5 × as long as width of antennal shaft, female antenna simple; palps greatly reduced, clothed in dark brownish-gray hair-like scales. <b>Thorax</b> – collar, thorax and tegulae a mix of dark black-brown and white hair-like scales; tegulae with two poorly defined oblique bands; femur and tibia clothed in a mixture of black and white hair; tarsus banded black and white. <b>Dorsal forewing</b> – with an even mixture of brownish-black and white scales, appearing gray. Lines black but not strongly contrasting with ground and difficult to trace. Basal line indicated by a small patch of black scales, antemedial line black, complete, more prominent than other lines, straight to anal vein, bending distad before continuing to lower margin; medial line faint, slightly erratic, less prominent than basal line and difficult to trace in some specimens, merging or nearly so with black scales at end of cell; postmedial line slightly more prominent and more erratic, bending distad at fold and wandering outward toward costa; subterminal line erratic, bordered on distal side mainly on upper half by a few white scales; terminal line black, broken at veins; fringe black, lightly checkered with white at veins. Normal spots obsolete, except reniform spot indicated by a small, dark, poorly defined crescent or bar at end of cell; veins lightly lined with dark scales. <b>Dorsal hindwing (male)</b> – white with four very faint diffuse bands formed by tiny hair-like scattered gray scales, with long pale-gray hairs along inner margin and a dark gray-black terminal line; fringe dark gray black, lightly checkered at veins. <b>Dorsal hindwing (female)</b> – as in male, but with a heavier dusting of small dark scales forming wider bands, appearing light gray overall. <b>Abdomen</b> – covered with short stiff brownishblack and white hair-like scales. <b>Male genitalia</b> – (Fig. 45) valve relatively short, sacculus large, extending two-thirds distance across valve, with rows of small sawlike teeth along inner ridge; cucullus extending only a short distance beyond clasper, ending in a small wing-like flap folding in toward clasper; clasper large with almost half length extending past upper margin of valve, straight, tapering to a wide base; tegumen with ear-like subuncal lobes; uncus nearly obsolete, reduced to a pair of widely spaced flat rounded lobes, reminiscent of arachnid palps; aedeagus 2 × as long ventrally as dorsally; inflated vesica a short oblong sac, about 2 × as long as wide, exiting aedeagus at 90 degrees dorsad, with a large teardrop-shaped field of densely packed fleshy-appearing spines on right side near terminus; ductus exiting from terminus of vesica, oriented anteriorly. <b>Female genitalia</b> – (Fig. 58) papillae anales large, soft, oblong, with sparse fine long setae; posterior and anterior apophyses approximately equal in size and of average length; sterigma poorly developed, lightly sclerotized, with two large shallow indentations above ostium; ductus bursae short, wide, expanding into a thicker walled wrinkled section with a series of parallel wrinkled and sclerotized “gullies” along dorsal wall, widening gradually into an oblong, thin-walled translucent corpus bursae, without signa; ductus seminalis exiting dorsad on upper right. <b>Distribution and biology.</b> <i>Panthea apanthea</i> is known from only 10 specimens and from only three areas in the southwestern United States; Coconino County and Apache County (White Mountains) in Arizona, and El Paso County in east-central Colorado (Fig. 69). It has been collected at moderate elevations (1500-2150 m) during the first three weeks of August. Nothing else is known of its biology. <b>Remarks.</b> The essentially obsolete uncus, poorly developed sterigma, and the replacement of the one to three large cornuti found on the aedeagus in all other species of New World <i>Panthea</i> by a dense patch of fleshy spines (Fig. 45), are all unique among the New World <i>Panthea.</i> However, similar fields of small spines are present in other genera of Pantheinae <i>e.g</i>., <i>Lichnoptera decora</i> (Morrison) (Fig. 44), <i>Colocasia coryli</i> (L.), as well as in <i>Panthea ronnyi</i> Thony, recently described from North Vietnam (Thony 1996). This suggests that the large sclerotized cornuti present in all other New World taxa is a derived character, and that <i>P</i>. <i>apanthea</i> is the most basal of the New World <i>Panthea. Panthea apanthea</i> has such divergent genitalia that an argument could be made for placing it in a genus of its own; however, in all other characters (form of the bipectinate antenna in male; reduced, apparently non-functional mouthparts and palps; overall color and pattern) it is placed in <i>Panthea</i> to maintain a more inclusive concept of the genus. DNA ‘barcode’ fragment data of <i>cox1</i> mtDNA (Ratnasingham and Hebert 2007) also places <i>apanthea</i> with <i>Panthea</i>.
description: Published as part of <i>Anweiler, Gary G., 2009, Revision of the New World Panthea Hübner (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) with descriptions of 5 new species and 2 new subspecies, pp. 97-134 in ZooKeys 9 (9)</i> on pages 102-104, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.9.157, http://zenodo.org/record/576456
description: {"references": ["Thony H (1996) Zwei neue Arten aus Nord Vietnam, Trisuloides gerri sp. n. und Panthea ronnyi sp. n. (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Pantheinae). Facetta 13 (2): 31 - 36.", "Ratnasingham S, Hebert PDN (2007) BOLD: The Barcode of Life Data System. Molecular Ecology Notes 7: 355 - 364."]}