cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Does experience change the informativity of disfluency as a marker of information status?
Creators: name: Langlois, Valerie
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: During conversation, listeners can use disfluency (e.g. uh, um) as a signal to expect discourse-new information. However, inferences from disfluency are attenuated once the difficulty is attributed to a characteristic of a speaker (e.g. stutterer, non-native). The current study tests whether the distribution or frequency of disfluency can change its informativity to the listener. In Experiment 1, I created a context where disfluency only occurred prior to discourse-given reference, resulting in an atypical distribution of disfluency. In Experiment 2, the stimuli were manipulated in that disfluency occurred frequently, but followed a typical distribution of disfluency (before discourse-new information). Both experiments found no effect of distribution; listeners showed a greater bias towards new information following disfluent utterances than fluent ones, regardless of whether the distribution of disfluency was novel (Exp. 1) or frequent (Exp. 2). Further research is needed to determine whether distributional learning occurs in the context of discourse processing.
Topological Edge States with Zero Hall Conductivity in a Dimerized Hofstadter Model
Creators: name: Lau, Alexander
name: Ortix, Carmine
name: Brink, Jeroen van den
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Hofstadter model is a simple yet powerful Hamiltonian to study quantum Hall physics in a lattice system, manifesting its essential topological states. Lattice dimerization in the Hofstadter model opens an energy gap at half filling. Here we show that even if the ensuing insulator has a Chern number equal to zero, concomitantly a doublet of edge states appear that are pinned at specific momenta. We demonstrate that these states are topologically protected by inversion symmetry in specific one-dimensional cuts in momentum space, define and calculate the corresponding invariants and identify a platform for the experimental detection of these novel topological states.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures + Supplemental Material (6 pages)
Interest rates and the spatial polarization of housing markets
Creators: name: Amaral, Francisco
name: Dohmen, Martin
name: Kohl, Sebastian
name: Schularick, Moritz
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Houseprices
subject: regionalhousingmarkets
subject: spatialpolarization
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::300 Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie::300 Sozialwissenschaften
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::330 Wirtschaft::332 Finanzwirtschaft
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::310 Statistiken::314 Allgemeine Statistiken zu Europa

description: Rising within-country differences in house values are a much debated trend in the U.S. and internationally. Using new long-run regional data for 15 advanced economies, we first show that standard explanations linking growing price dispersion to rent dispersion are contradicted by an important stylized fact: rent dispersion has increased far less than price dispersion. We then propose a new explanation: a uniform decline in real risk-free interest rates can have heterogeneous spatial effects on house values. Falling real safe rates disproportionately push up prices in large agglomerations where initial rent-price ratios are low, leading to housing market polarization on the national level.
Sequential infection of Daphnia magna by a gut microsporidium followed by a haemolymph yeast decreases transmission of both parasites
Creators: name: Manzi, Florent
name: Halle, Snir
name: Seemann, Louise
name: Ben-Ami, Frida
name: Wolinska, Justyna
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Coinfections
subject: Metschnikowia
subject: Ordospora
subject: priority effects
subject: zooplankton
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Over the course of seasonal epidemics, populations of susceptible hosts may encounter a wide variety of parasites. Parasite phenology affects the order in which these species encounter their hosts, leading to sequential infections, with potentially strong effects on within-host growth and host population dynamics. Here, the cladoceran Daphnia magna was exposed sequentially to a haemolymph-infecting yeast (Metschnikowia bicuspidata) and a gut microsporidium (Ordospora colligata), with experimental treatments reflecting two possible scenarios of parasite succession. The effects of single and co-exposure were compared on parasite infectivity, spore production and the overall virulence experienced by the host. We show that neither parasite benefited from coinfection; instead, when hosts encountered Ordospora, followed by Metschnikowia, higher levels of host mortality contributed to an overall decrease in the transmission of both parasites. These results showcase an example of sequential infections generating unilateral priority effects, in which antagonistic interactions between parasites can alleviate the intensity of infection and coincide with maladaptive levels of damage inflicted on the host.
Connectedness in the lives of children and young people in kinship and foster care: Protocol for a systematic review.
Creators: name: Hassall, Alison
name: Pasalich, Dave
name: Hawes, David
name: Trew, Sebastian
name: Van Rensburg, Elmie
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Attachment
subject: Child welfare policy
subject: Community
subject: Connectedness
subject: Culture
subject: Foster care
subject: Kinship care
subject: Out-of-home care

description: This is a protocol for a systematic review. This review aims to examine the literature regarding whether kinship care better preserves children's connections to family, culture, and community compared to foster care. Further, it will be examined whether the preservation of connections is in turn associated with better child outcomes.
Additional file 2 of Enhancing structural plasticity of PC12 neurons during differentiation and neurite regeneration with a catalytically inactive mutant version of the zRICH protein
Creators: name: Bandla, Ashoka C.
name: Sheth, Aditya S.
name: Zarate, Sara M.
name: Uskamalla, Suraj
name: Hager, Elizabeth C.
name: Villarreal, Victor A.
name: González-García, Maribel
name: Ballestero, Rafael P.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Supplementary Material 2: Advantages and drawbacks of various morphometric analysis procedures for the analysis of differentiation assays with PC12 cells.
Spatial working memory performance in people with obsessive–compulsive disorder, their unaffected first-degree relatives and healthy controls
Creators: name: Heinzel, Stephan
name: Bey, Katharina
name: Grützmann, Rosa
name: Klawohn, Julia
name: Kaufmann, Christian
name: Lennertz, Leonhard
name: Wagner, Michael
name: Kathmann, Norbert
name: Riesel, Anja
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Obsessive–compulsive disorder
subject: spatial working memory
subject: endophenotype
subject: first-degree relatives
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: Studies have shown that people with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) have impairments in spatial working memory (SWM) performance. However, it remains unclear whether this deficit represents a cognitive endophenotype preceding symptoms or a correlate of OCD. We investigated SWM in 69 people with OCD, 77 unaffected first-degree relatives of people with OCD and 106 healthy control participants. Taking age effects into account, SWM performance was best in healthy controls, intermediate in relatives and worst in OCD participants. However, since performance did not differ significantly between healthy controls and relatives, our study does not fully support SWM performance as a core cognitive endophenotype of OCD.
Strongly self-absorbing C*-dynamical systems
Creators: name: Szabo, Gabor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46L55

description: We introduce and study strongly self-absorbing actions of locally compact groups on C*-algebras. This is an equivariant generalization of a strongly self-absorbing C*-algebra to the setting of C*-dynamical systems. The main result is the following equivariant McDuff-type absorption theorem: A cocycle action $(α,u): G\curvearrowright A$ on a separable C*-algebra is cocycle conjugate to its tensorial stabilization with a strongly self-absorbing action $γ: G\curvearrowright\mathcal{D}$, if and only if there exists an equivariant and unital $*$-homomorphism from $\mathcal{D}$ into the central sequence algebra of $A$. We also discuss some non-trivial examples of strongly self-absorbing actions.
description: v2 32 pages; this revision fixes a mistake that made it into the published version. The main results are unchanged, but some intermediate proofs are modified if they previously referred to (the false) "Corollary 1.16" in the previous version
The Status of Marketing Cooperatives Under Antitrust Law
Creators: name: Manchester, Alden C.
name: Manchester, Alden C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1982
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Agricultural marketing
subject: Antitrust law
subject: Capper-Volstead Act
subject: Cooperatives
subject: Monopoly
subject: Restraint of trade

description: Review of the development and current state of antitrust law regarding cooperatives shows that interpretations of legal activities for farmer marketing cooperatives have varied widely. A public policy defining the scope of exemptions granted cooperatives by the Capper-Volstead Act of 1922 and defining procedures for determining undue price enhancement under the act would improve the operating climate for cooperatives. Recognizing the intense competition and importance of large, diversified firms in the food industry, the policy should foster workable, as opposed to perfect, competition, and permit marketing cooperatives to participate in the economy as fully as other firms.
Media Framing of Contraception
Creators: name: Sherman, Hailey
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: The New York Times recently published articles headlined “No Contraception, No Equality,” “On Contraception, It’s Church Over State,” and “Set It and Forget It: How Better Contraception Could Be a Key to Reducing Poverty.” These stories all focus on the same issue, contraception, but the way that they present that issue differs—their frames vary, and differences in framing have consequential effects on public opinion and public policy. This paper identifies how contraception has been framed in media over time using New York Times articles published between 1980 and 2018. I introduce a new approach to analyzing framing: structural topic models. Using text analysis, these models identify the frames and predict their prevalence over time. While this paper contributes to the study of contraception, the methodology can be extended to other issues and text sources in future research.
Clinical practice guidelines on the use of colistin in paediatrics: Protocol for a systematic review
Creators: name: Youbi, Emily
name: Michael, Henry
name: Mensah, Kofi
name: Oosthuizen, Frasia
name: Bangalee, Varsha
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Pharmacology
subject: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health
subject: Life Sciences
subject: Colistin
subject: Colistin guideline
subject: Paediatrics patients

description: The project aims to review existing colistin guidelines specific to the paediatric patients.
Additional file 6 of Enhancing structural plasticity of PC12 neurons during differentiation and neurite regeneration with a catalytically inactive mutant version of the zRICH protein
Creators: name: Bandla, Ashoka C.
name: Sheth, Aditya S.
name: Zarate, Sara M.
name: Uskamalla, Suraj
name: Hager, Elizabeth C.
name: Villarreal, Victor A.
name: González-García, Maribel
name: Ballestero, Rafael P.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Supplementary Material 6: Comparison of RFP-zRICH(H334A) expression before and after mechanical injury in stable transfectant cells.
Transition of a 2D spin mode to a helical state by lateral confinement
Creators: name: Altmann, P.
name: Kohda, M.
name: Reichl, C.
name: Wegscheider, W.
name: Salis, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin-orbit interaction (SOI) leads to spin precession about a momentum-dependent spin-orbit field. In a diffusive two-dimensional (2D) electron gas, the spin orientation at a given spatial position depends on which trajectory the electron travels to that position. In the transition to a 1D system with increasing lateral confinement, the spin orientation becomes more and more independent on the trajectory. It is predicted that a long-lived helical spin mode emerges. Here we visualize this transition experimentally in a GaAs quantum-well structure with isotropic SOI. Spatially resolved measurements show the formation of a helical mode already for non-quantized and non-ballistic channels. We find a spin-lifetime enhancement that is in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions. Lateral confinement of a 2D electron gas provides an easy-to-implement technique for achieving high spin lifetimes in the presence of strong SOI for a wide range of material systems.
Predicting Streamflow Data from Snowpack: An Exploration
Creators: name: Monaco, Isabella
name: Johnson, Michela
name: Tran, Mike
name: Kamenetskiy, Rita
name: Vakhutinsky, Sofia
name: Rangwala, Imtiaz
name: Thota, Prasad
name: Lab, Earth
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Other environmental sciences not elsewhere classified
Hydrology not elsewhere classified
Surface water hydrology

description: This project, "Predicting Streamflow Data from Snowpack: An Exploration" was completed in summer 2022 by our CU Boulder students who participated in the HDR Earth Data Science Corps (EDSC), a summer internship program that teaches technical data science skills to diverse student populations.
Insights into the evolution of symbiotic recurrent novae from radio synchrotron emission: V745 Scorpii and RS Ophiuchi
Creators: name: Kantharia, N. G.
name: Dutta, Prasun
name: Roy, Nirupam
name: Anupama, G. C.
name: Ishwara-Chandra, C. H.
name: Chitale, A.
name: Prabhu, T. P.
name: Banerjee, D. P. K.
name: Ashok, N. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present observations at 610 MHz and 235 MHz using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) of the recurrent nova V745 Scorpii which recorded its last outburst on 6 February 2014. This is the second symbiotic recurrent nova whose light curve at low frequencies has been followed in detail, the first being RS Ophiuchi in 2006. We fitted the 610 MHz light curve by a model of synchrotron emission from an expanding shell being modified by radiative transfer effects due to local absorbing gas consisting of a uniformly distributed and a clumpy component. Using our model parameters, we find that the emission at 235 MHz peaked around day 35 which is consistent with our GMRT observations. The two main results of our study are: (1) The radio emission at a given frequency is visible sooner after the outburst in successive outbursts of both V745 Scorpii and RS Ophiuchi. The earlier detection of radio emission is interpreted to be caused by decreasing foreground densities. (2) The clumpy material, if exists, is close to the white dwarf and can be interpreted as being due to the material from the hot accretion disk. The uniform density gas is widespread and attributed to the winds blown by the white dwarf. We present implications of these results on the evolution of both novae. Such studies alongwith theoretical understanding have the potential of resolving several outstanding issues such as why all recurrent novae are not detectable in synchrotron radio and whether recurrent novae are progenitor systems of type 1a supernova.
description: Revised, matches version in print
Predicting Streamflow Data from Snowpack: An Exploration
Creators: name: Lab, Earth
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Other environmental sciences not elsewhere classified
Hydrology not elsewhere classified
Surface water hydrology

description: This project, "Predicting Streamflow Data from Snowpack: An Exploration" was completed in summer 2022 by our CU Boulder students who participated in the HDR Earth Data Science Corps (EDSC), a summer internship program that teaches technical data science skills to diverse student populations.
How, where and when to screen for porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV) in donor pigs for xenotransplantation
Creators: name: Halecker, Sabrina
name: Hansen, Sabrina
name: Krabben, Ludwig
name: Ebner, Friederike
name: Kaufer, Benedikt
name: Denner, Joachim
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biological techniques
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Immunopathogenesis
subject: Infection
subject: Inflammation
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV), that is actually a porcine roseolovirus (PRV), is a common herpesvirus in domestic pigs and wild boars. In xenotransplantation, PCMV/PRV has been shown to significantly reduce the survival time of pig kidneys and hearts in preclinical trials with different non-human primates. Furthermore, PCMV/PRV has been transmitted in the first pig to human heart xenotransplantation and contributed to the death of the patient. Although transmitted to the recipient, there is no evidence that PCMV/PRV can infect primate cells including human cells. PCMV/PRV is closely related to the human herpesviruses 6 and 7, and only distantly related to the human CMV (HCMV). Antiviral drugs used for the treatment of HCMV are less effective against PCMV/PRV. However, there are well described strategies to eliminate the virus from pig facilities. In order to detect the virus and to eliminate it, highly sensitive detection methods and the knowledge of how, where and when to screen the donor pigs is required. Here, a comparative testing of organs from pigs of different ages using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based and immunological methods was performed. Testing young piglets, PCMV/PRV was detected effectively by PCR in blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, tonsils and heart. In adult animals, detection by PCR was not successful in most cases, because the virus load was below the detection limit or the virus was in its latent stage. Therefore, detection of antibodies against selected recombinant proteins corresponding to epitopes detected by nearly all infected animals in a Western blot assay is advantageous. By contrast, immunological testing is not beneficial in young animals as piglets might have PCMV/PRV-specific antibodies obtained from their infected mother via the colostrum. Using a thoughtful combination of PCR-based and immunological methods, detection of PCMV/PRV in donor pigs for xenotransplantation is feasible and a controlled elimination of the virus by early weaning or other methods is possible.
New constraints on Saturn's interior from Cassini astrometric data
Creators: name: Lainey, Valéry
name: Jacobson, Robert A.
name: Tajeddine, Radwan
name: Cooper, Nicholas J.
name: Murray, Carl
name: Robert, Vincent
name: Tobie, Gabriel
name: Guillot, Tristan
name: Mathis, Stéphane
name: Remus, Françoise
name: Desmars, Josselin
name: Arlot, Jean-Eudes
name: De Cuyper, Jean-Pierre
name: Dehant, Véronique
name: Pascu, Dan
name: Thuillot, William
name: Poncin-Lafitte, Christophe Le
name: Zahn, Jean-Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using astrometric observations spanning more than a century and including a large set of Cassini data, we determine Saturn's tidal parameters through their current effects on the orbits of the eight main and four coorbital moons. We have used the latter to make the first determination of Saturn's Love number, $k_2=0.390 \pm 0.024$, a value larger than the commonly used theoretical value of 0.341 (Gavrilov & Zharkov, 1977), but compatible with more recent models (Helled & Guillot, 2013) for which $k_2$ ranges from 0.355 to 0.382. Depending on the assumed spin for Saturn's interior, the new constraint can lead to a reduction of up to 80% in the number of potential models, offering great opportunities to probe the planet's interior. In addition, significant tidal dissipation within Saturn is confirmed (Lainey et al., 2012) corresponding to a high present-day tidal ratio $k_2/Q=(1.59 \pm 0.74) \times 10^{-4}$ and implying fast orbital expansions of the moons. This high dissipation, with no obvious variations for tidal frequencies corresponding to those of Enceladus and Dione, may be explained by viscous friction in a solid core, implying a core viscosity typically ranging between $10^{14}$ and $10^{16}$ Pa.s (Remus et al., 2012). However, a dissipation increase by one order of magnitude at Rhea's frequency could suggest the existence of an additional, frequency-dependent, dissipation process, possibly from turbulent friction acting on tidal waves in the fluid envelope of Saturn (Ogilvie & Li, 2004). Alternatively, a few of Saturn's moons might themselves experience large tidal dissipation.
Measurement tools for activity and participation in older adults: a scoping review
Creators: name: Klatt, Brooke
name: Loyd, Brian
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences

description: This proposed scoping review aims to identify the activity and participation measurement tools that have been used in scientific investigations and clinical practice for older adults. Themes arising from a synthesis of the findings of this research will be used to consider: I. The identified self-report and performance-based activity and participation measures will inform rehabilitation clinicians and scientists who work with older adults with impaired balance on most appropriate tools to use based on the available psychometric properties. II. Recommendations for when and how tools might be used will be included in the synthesis as well as suggestions for future work based on the extraction results of the scoping review The broad research questions for this review are: I. What are the tools that have been used to measure activity and participation in older adults; and II. Do gaps in the literature exist that future scientific inquiries should address to fully appreciate and understand activity and participation limitations in older adults with impaired balance?
Mapping gendered spaces and women’s rights in the modern egyptian public sphere
Creators: name: Abdelrazek-Alsiefy, Amany
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Constitution
subject: Family
subject: Gender
subject: Islam
subject: Modernity
subject: Secular
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::300 Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie::300 Sozialwissenschaften

description: This paper draws on secularisation and feminist theories to analyse the intersection between political, religious and economic factors in defining the gendered borders and women’s rights in the modern Egyptian public sphere. However, this present study concludes that the struggle for power between Islamists and secular-oriented forces and the rise of interactive social media platforms in a patriarchal class society revived the heated debates on women's rights, gendered spaces and the role of religion in the public sphere. Discussions point to a wide range of Egyptians' responses to these issues and also suggest that a new feminist consciousness and behaviour are growing. This new feminist consciousness is more grounded in a socio-economic context than a religious one. Therefore, this study suggests a need for serious societal and legal discussions to re-actualise laws pertaining to women's rights and visibility in the public sphere. These laws and a pro-women discourse should cope with the current socio-economic context and individuals' needs and aspirations in their globalized societies.
Tracking online searches for emotional wellbeing concerns and coping strategies in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic: a Google Trends analysis
Creators: name: Evans, Hannah
name: John, Ann
name: Knipe, Duleeka
name: Gunnell, David
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Psychiatric and Mental Health
subject: Public Health
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Epidemiology
subject: Mental and Social Health
subject: COVID-19, Pandemic, Mental health, Coping, Resilience, Depression, Suicide, Self-harm

description: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is the largest acute public health emergency of this century. Government intervention to contain the virus focuses on non-pharmacological procedures. As the situation develops, the impact of these measures on mental health and coping strategies in individuals and the population is unknown. Methods: We used Google Trends data (01 Jan 2020 to 09 Jun 2020) to explore the changing pattern of public concern in response to government measures as indexed by changes in search frequency for topics related to mental distress as well as coping and resilience. We explored the changes of specific topics in Google trends within the UK in relation to key dates. In addition, we examined search terms that experienced the most marked rises in search frequency during the pandemic.
How well can Charge Transfer Inefficiency be corrected? A parameter sensitivity study for iterative correction
Creators: name: Israel, Holger
name: Massey, Richard
name: Prod'homme, Thibaut
name: Cropper, Mark
name: Cordes, Oliver
name: Gow, Jason
name: Kohley, Ralf
name: Marggraf, Ole
name: Niemi, Sami
name: Rhodes, Jason
name: Short, Alex
name: Verhoeve, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Radiation damage to space-based Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) detectors creates defects which result in an increasing Charge Transfer Inefficiency (CTI) that causes spurious image trailing. Most of the trailing can be corrected during post-processing, by modelling the charge trapping and moving electrons back to where they belong. However, such correction is not perfect -- and damage is continuing to accumulate in orbit. To aid future development, we quantify the limitations of current approaches, and determine where imperfect knowledge of model parameters most degrade measurements of photometry and morphology. As a concrete application, we simulate $1.5\times10^{9}$ "worst case" galaxy and $1.5\times10^{8}$ star images to test the performance of the Euclid visual instrument detectors. There are two separable challenges: If the model used to correct CTI is perfectly the same as that used to add CTI, $99.68$ % of spurious ellipticity is corrected in our setup. This is because readout noise is not subject to CTI, but gets over-corrected during correction. Second, if we assume the first issue to be solved, knowledge of the charge trap density within $Δρ/ρ\!=\!(0.0272\pm0.0005)$ %, and the characteristic release time of the dominant species to be known within $Δτ/τ\!=\!(0.0400\pm0.0004)$ % will be required. This work presents the next level of definition of in-orbit CTI calibration procedures for Euclid.
Exploring the promoting effect of working time reduction on life satisfaction using Germany as a case study
Creators: name: Shao, Qinglong
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Economics
subject: Social policy
subject: Germany
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::300 Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie::300 Sozialwissenschaften

description: Worktime reduction’s effect on life satisfaction is an important issue but one that has not been fully studied. This article fills this gap and uses an ordered probit model to analyse the working time reduction impact on life satisfaction in Germany by using the European Social Survey data, the mediating effect of health and cross-partner effect are also explored. A significantly negative correlation between working time and life satisfaction are revealed, showing that a short working week can improve Germans’ life satisfaction. Health is confirmed to be the important intermediate variable in the ‘worktime–health–life satisfaction’ nexus and about 28% of the satisfaction among German people is due to the change in health explained by working hours. Further, we find that high-earners prefer to work long hours whereas low-earners tend to work less; middle-earners show no personal preferences. Cross-partner effects are confirmed, as a male’s short working week can satisfy their partner, while a female’s long working hours can improve their partner’s life satisfaction. In light of this, working hours should be restricted to avoid unsatisfaction induced by overtime work and overtime compensation regulations should be strictly implemented, policy-makers also need to take gender differences into consideration.
A switch from horizontal compression to vertical extension in the Vrancea slab explained by the volume reduction of serpentine dehydration
Creators: name: Craiu, Andreea
name: Ferrand, Thomas P.
name: Manea, Elena F.
name: Vrijmoed, Johannes C.
name: Mărmureanu, Alexandru
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Geodynamics
subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Planetary science
subject: Seismology
subject: Solid Earth sciences
subject: Tectonics
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: The Vrancea slab, Romania, is a subducted remnant of the Tethyan lithosphere characterized by a significant intermediate-depth seismicity (60–170 km). A recent study showed a correlation between this seismicity and major dehydration reactions, involving serpentine minerals up to 130 km depth, and high-pressure hydrated talc deeper. Here we investigate the potential link between the triggering mechanisms and the retrieved focal mechanisms of 940 earthquakes, which allows interpreting the depth distribution of the stress field. We observe a switch from horizontal compression to vertical extension between 100 and 130 km depth, where the Clapeyron slope of serpentine dehydration is negative. The negative volume change within dehydrating serpentinized faults, expected mostly sub-horizontal in the verticalized slab, could well explain the vertical extension recorded by the intermediate-depth seismicity. This apparent slab pull is accompanied with a rotation of the main compressive stress, which could favour slab detachments in active subduction zones.
A Self-Consistent Quantum Field Theory for Random Lasing
Creators: name: Lubatsch, Andreas
name: Frank, Regine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spatial formation of coherent random laser modes in strongly scattering disordered random media is a central feature in the understanding of the physics of random lasers. We derive a quantum field theoretical method for random lasing in disordered samples of complex amplifying Mie resonators which is able to provide self-consistently and free of any fit parameter the full set of transport characteristics at and above the laser phase transition. The coherence length and the correlation volume respectively is derived as an experimentally measurable scale of the phase transition at the laser threshold. We find that the process of stimulated emission in extended disordered arrangements of active Mie resonators is ultimately connected to time-reversal symmetric multiple scattering in the sense of photonic transport while the diffusion coefficient is finite. A power law is found for the random laser mode diameters in stationary state with increasing pump intensity.
description: accepted for publication Appl.Sci.(2019), 15 pages
Tartu Ülikooli ajaloo muuseumi teadustöö 2006-2010
Creators: name: Leppik, Lea
Publisher: name: Tartu Ülikooli ajaloo küsimusi
Year: 2012

description: Tartu Ülikooli ajaloo küsimusi, No 39 (2011): Tartu Ülikool ja Põhjasõda
Näitused Tartu ülikooli ajaloo muuseumis aastail 2006-2010
Creators: name: Lõbu, Terje
Publisher: name: Tartu Ülikooli ajaloo küsimusi
Year: 2012

description: Tartu Ülikooli ajaloo küsimusi, No 39 (2011): Tartu Ülikool ja Põhjasõda
Unemployment and hair cortisol as a biomarker of chronic stress
Creators: name: Lawes, Mario
name: Hetschko, Clemens
name: Schöb, Ronnie
name: Stephan, Gesine
name: Eid, Michael
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biomarkers
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Risk factors
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: Unemployment is widely considered an important chronic stressor. Using longitudinal data of initially employed German jobseekers, the present study examines whether unemployment is related to changes in hair cortisol concentration (HCC), a reliable biomarker for chronic stress. The results indicate that HCC is the highest initially when individuals are insecurely employed and decreases as people gain certainty about whether they enter unemployment or not. We find no effects when comparing the average changes in HCC between individuals who entered unemployment to those of continuously employed individuals. However, medium-term unemployment was associated with a stronger mean increase in HCC if re-employment expectations were low compared to when re-employment expectations were high. Taken together, our results support two key conclusions. First, experiencing the uncertainty of looming unemployment is associated with more pronounced cortisol secretion than unemployment itself. Second, whether working or being unemployed is associated with higher HCC is highly context-dependent, with poor re-employment prospects during unemployment being a key predictor of increased HCC. Overall, our study provides further evidence that the physiological stress system is especially sensitive to uncontrollable situations and unfamiliar challenge.
A bioengineering approach to quantifying the progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis by electromyography using novel wireless instrumentation and data processing methods
Creators: name: Wickham, Aidan Paul
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: This thesis presents the research undertaken towards developing new instrumentation used for capturing fasciculation potentials (FPs) by electromyography (EMG), so that their waveform morphology may be used as a clinical biomarker for tracking the progression of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Evidence in literature has shown that the fasciculation potential, caused by the instability of a diseased motor neuron’s membrane potential, will increase in complexity and variability as the disease progresses. A ‘data-processing pipeline’ has been developed in order to process data from multiple-channel surface EMG recordings taken from ALS patients. The pipeline conditions the signals, detects fasciculations, and groups them by the motor unit they originated from (based on the similarity of their morphology) so that variability between waveforms can be parameterised. The data-processing pipeline uses a combination of novel algorithms and frameworks, and machine learning methods (i.e. clustering) to detect and group the FP waveforms. The data-processing pipeline has been developed into a stand-alone application. A multiple-channel wireless device for capturing EMG signals at high resolution and sampling rate has been developed. The device captures only the FP from the EMG signal and saves it locally to an SD card. The device captures fasciculation potentials across eight channels at 16-bit resolution with a sampling rate of approximately 4 kHz per channel. A new route for prototyping transdermal, microneedle devices has been developed using a shrinkable resin technology. The reason for using transdermal electrodes for EMG recordings is to reduce skin-electrode contact impedance by painlessly penetrating through the highly resistive first layer of skin. The method has been used to produce microneedles approximately 300 μm in height. The microneedle arrays produced have been made conductive and functionalised into a biosensor for measuring lactate.
Why academic heritage should not be restored and exhibited?
Creators: name: Vähätalo, Anne
Publisher: name: Tartu Ülikooli ajaloo küsimusi
Year: 2012

description: Miks akadeemilist pärandit ei saa säilitada ja näidata? Anne Vähätalo, Aalto ülikool Akadeemilist pärandit saab ja tuleb kasutada ülikoolide ja teaduse tutvustamiseks laiemale publikule. Teadusjalugu õpetab nii õnnestumisi kui ebaõnnestumisi ja arvamuste teaduslikku põhjendamist. Kuidas mingeid kollektsioone näidata, sõltub suuresti ressurssidest nagu raha, ruumid, kollektsioonide olemus ja suurus, ning võimalikest kasutajatest. Ideaaljuhtumiks pean Berliini loodusmuuseumi märgpreparaatide kollektsiooni, mis kõnetab nii teadlast kui tavakülastajat. Parim viis eksponeerida ajaloolisi kollektsioone on kahtlemata võimalikult originaalsetes kappides, karpides või vitriinides. Aeg ei oma tähtsust, labor 1960. aastast võib olla sama huvitav kui 1760. Virtuaaltuurid ei asenda kuidagi vahetut muljet ja ei maksa unustada, et igaüks ei kasuta ka internetti. Raske koorem on muuseumidele kohustus teenida raha. Soomes maksavad ülikoolid poole oma eelarvest ruumide rendiks (sest need anti 1990. aastatel tuluteenivate firmade hallata). Igaüks saab aru, mida see tähendab, kui hoidla pinna eest tuleb maksta sama hinnakirja järgi nagu kontorite eest. Ka 10 korda väiksem summa oleks muuseumile probleemiks. Aalto ülikooli Otaniemi kampuse vana peahoone otsustati renoveerida. Vana geodeesia ajaloo kollektsioon, milles on instrumente ajavahemikust 1800-1960 (sh suurimad on poole elevandi mõõtu, kasutatud kaartide tegemiseks aero-stereofotodest), spetsiaalsed lauad õppekabinettides jm on määratud väljaviskamisele, sest tänapäeval kasutatakse teistmoodi tehnikat ja hoidlapind on liiga kallis. Väga keeruline on selgitada, et ülikool ei saa olla efektiivne tuluteenija, vaid peab olema koht, kus on kohta kahtlustele j a edu kõrval ka vigadele. Ajalugu meie ümber sunnib esitama küsimusi, kas me teeme ikka asju kõige paremal viisil. Aalto tehnikaülikooli kollektsioonid on 20. sajandil üle elanud kolm suur sõda, kuid on sattunud paradoksaalsel kombel tõsisesse ohtu 21. sajandil õitsengu ja rahu ajal. Loomulikult on ka varem osa instrumente nende vananemise tõttu minema visatud, kuid paljud on jõudnud ka muuseumi. Selleks korraks said kollektsioonid päästetud – need jagati laiali erinevate muuseumide vahel ja osad leidsid pelgupaiga Aalto Inseneride kooli pööningul. Võimalik, et kunagi saab õppeasutus siiski oma muuseumi. Seniks peavad muuseumitöötajad püüdma päästa, mis päästa annab. Pärand ei saa enda eest alati ise rääkida. Ikka tuleb meeles pidada, et lisaks esemete esmasele väärtusele on hoopis teistmoodi väärtus tervikkollektsioonidel. Pärand – nii materiaalne kui mittemateriaalne – loob aluse ülikooli reputatsioonile ja on suurepärane PR vahend.
description: Tartu Ülikooli ajaloo küsimusi, No 40 (2012): Akadeemilise pärandi mõte
The Influence of Principal Leadership on Literate Practices in a Middle School: An Investigation and Framework into a Principal's Leadership in Middle School Literacy Instruction
Creators: name: Duncan, Travis
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: This study investigates how a middle school principal influences literacy instruction.  This qualitative, instrumental case study uses Nicholls’s (1987) meta, macro, and micro levels of leadership as a lens to house the large field of educational leadership into a framework that is merged with Dowell, Bickmore, and Hoewing (2012) and other literacy leadership research (Conley, 1989; Hall, Burns & Edwards, 2011; Irvin, Meltzer, & Duke, 2007; Marks & Printy, 2003) to analyze how the principal’s leadership influences literacy instruction.       The findings suggest that the principal worked mostly within the macro levels of leadership, and the principal used instructional, distributive, cultural, and human resource leadership. The findings are similar to the integrated leadership approach emphasized in literacy leadership, but have additional references to cultural and human resource leadership (Marks and Printy, 2003). There was evidence of planning in regards to literacy instruction with specific strategies employed and structures created school-wide to create a culture around literacy strategies and literate practices. Examples of the structures created were a literacy block, professional development, and an instructional leadership team who focused on collaborative planning. There is evidence of teacher leadership and empowerment, as reported by the principal’s instructional leadership team and teacher participants, who stated that the principal “trusts” them as leaders and experts in their area and that he expects them to “take risks.”
On the dual problem of utility maximization in incomplete markets
Creators: name: Gu, Lingqi
name: Lin, Yiqing
name: Yang, Junjian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 90B28, 91B16

description: In this paper, we study the dual problem of the expected utility maximization in incomplete markets with bounded random endowment. We start with the problem formulated in the paper of Cvitanić-Schachermayer-Wang (2001) and prove the following statement: in the Brownian framework, the countably additive part $Q^r$ of the dual optimizer $Q\in (L^\infty)^*$ obtained in that paper can be represented by the terminal value of a supermartingale deflator $Y$ defined in the paper of Kramkov-Schachermayer (1999), which is a local martingale.
Correlation between Snowfall, Precipitation and Reservoir Levels in the Denver Water Supply
Creators: name: Jacquez, Naomi
name: Hagmoc-Johnson, Leialoha
name: Haupt, Emma
name: Holt, Brandon
name: Straut, Emily
name: Doherty, Aaron
name: Parr, David
name: Lab, Earth
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Other environmental sciences not elsewhere classified
Hydrology not elsewhere classified
Surface water hydrology

description: This project, "Correlation between Snowfall, Precipitation and Reservoir Levels in the Denver Water Supply" was completed in 2022 by the MSU Denver students who participated in our HDR Earth Data Science Corps (EDSC) summer internship program, which focuses on teaching technical data skills to a diverse group of undergraduate students.
Improving Lung Cancer Screening and Referral Rates of North Carolina Medicaid Enrollees
Creators: name: Peterson, Bobbie Jo
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: Low-dose chest tomography (LDCT) screening in high-risk patients (individuals age 55-74 with a 30-pack-year smoking history in a current smoker, or similar smoking history in a former smoker who quit within the past 15 years) has proven to reduce both lung cancer and all-cause mortality by 20% and 7%, respectively (Aberle et al., 2011).  Despite endorsement by medical and nursing organizations and payers, as well as the strong evidence in support of LDCT screening (Aberle et al., 2011), lung cancer screening rates nationwide remain low at 1.9% (Pham et al., 2018).   The goal of this Doctor of Nursing (DNP) quality improvement project was to improve lung cancer screening in eligible Medicaid recipients in a rural primary care practice. The process to improve screening included primary care provider (PCP) education and incorporating a lung cancer risk assessment tool into the practice EHR to assist the PCP to appropriately identify eligible patients for LDCT screening and to increase appropriate LDCT screening referrals. The patient sample included 34 participants who met the USPSTF lung cancer screening eligibility criteria (ages 55-80, documented pack-year smoking history and asymptomatic) from the total Medicaid practice population (N=184) seen during the study period.  Data was gathered for three months before and after implementation of the lung cancer risk assessment tool. While our project found no significant improvement in the primary outcome of LDCT screening referral rates in the patient sample, it does provide data on current LDCT referral rates in a high-risk North Carolina Medicaid population.  Future practice improvement projects should include educational interventions to increase PCP knowledge of lung cancer screening and process improvements in gathering accurate USPSTF lung cancer screening patient eligibility criteria of pack-years smoking history documentation in the EHR.      Keywords:  low-dose chest tomography, LDCT, lung cancer screening
Exploring Selected Maternity Service Utilization among Homeless Mothers in Addis Ketema Sub-City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Descriptive Phenomenological Qualitative Study
Creators: name: Tamire Azilke
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Background: - Homeless mothers who become pregnant are least prepared economically and emotionally to care for their infants. They usually lack gainful employment, as a result live in an unstable conditions and lead an economically hardship life. In addition, the problem to pregnant mothers is compounded by either lack of access or inadequate utilization of health care services before and during childbirth due to various factors. This study tried to address and understand the experiences of homeless mothers in relation to institutional delivery service utilization. Objective: - To explore the phenomena and experiences to selected maternity service utilization among homeless mothers who gave childbirth in the last 12 months in Addis Ketema Sub-city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.