cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Structure-function studies of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa porin Oprp
Creators: name: Sukhan, Anand
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The gene encoding the Pseudomonas aeruginosa phosphate-specific porin OprP was subjected to both linker and epitope insertion mutagenesis. Nine of the 13 linker mutants expressed protein at levels comparable to the wild type gene and were shown to be properly exposed at the cell surface. Four of the linker mutants expressed protein at reduced levels which were not detectable at the cell surface. A foreign epitope from the circumsporozoite form of the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum was cloned into the linker sites of 12 of the 13 mutants. Seven of the resultant epitope insertion mutants expressed surface-exposed protein. Two of these mutants presented the foreign epitope at surface-accessible regions as assessed using a malarial epitope-specific monoclonal antibody. The data from these experiments were used to create a topological model of the OprP monomer which was tested and supported by further mutagenic procedures. In order to determine the function that individual lysine residues serve in the transport of anions through the channels of this protein, the first nine amino-terminal lysine residues of OprP were substituted with glutamates. The mutant proteins were purified and the channels they formed were characterized by reconstituting the purified porins in planar lipid bilayer membranes. In comparison to the wild-type protein, the Lys⁷⁴, Lys¹²¹, and Lys¹²⁶ mutants all displayed reduced levels of conductance at KCl concentrations below 1 M and the Lys⁷⁴ and Lys 121 mutants no longer exhibited a saturation of conductance at high anion concentrations. In addition, the ability of phosphate ions to inhibit the conductance of Cl⁻ ions through the channels formed by the Lys¹²¹ mutant was greatly reduced, while their ability to inhibit the Cl⁻ conductance of the Lys⁷⁴ mutant was reduced by approximately 2-fold. To clarify the roles that Lys⁷⁴, Lys¹²¹, and Lys¹²⁶ play in regulating the channel characteristics of OprP, these amino acids were replaced with either glycine or glutamine residues. Analysis of these mutants revealed that both Lys⁷⁴ and Lys¹²⁶ may serve to funnel anions toward the binding site, but only the presence of Lys¹²¹ is required tor the formation of the inorganic phosphate-specific binding site of OprP.
Precise Mass Measurements of $A=133$ Isobars with the Canadian Penning Trap: Resolving the $Q_{β^-}$ anomaly at $^{133}$Te
Creators: name: Valverde, A. A.
name: Kondev, F. G.
name: Liu, B.
name: Ray, D.
name: Brodeur, M.
name: Burdette, D. P.
name: Callahan, N.
name: Cannon, A.
name: Clark, J. A.
name: Hoff, D. E. M.
name: Orford, R.
name: Porter, W. S.
name: Sharma, K. S.
name: Varriano, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report precision mass measurements of $^{133}$Sb, $^{133g,m}$Te, and $^{133g,m}$I, produced at CARIBU at Argonne National Laboratory's ATLAS facility and measured using the Canadian Penning Trap mass spectrometer. These masses clarify an anomaly in the $^{133}$Te $β$-decay. The masses reported in the 2020 Atomic Mass Evaluation (M. Wang et al., 2021) produce $Q_{β^-}(^{133}$Te)=2920(6) keV; however, the highest-lying $^{133}$I level populated in this decay is observed at $E_i=2935.83(15)$ keV, resulting in an anomalous $Q_{β^{-}}^{i}=-16(6)$~keV. Our new measurements give $Q_{β^-}(^{133}\text{Te})=2934.8(11)$ keV, a factor of five more precise, yielding $Q{_β^i}=-1.0(12)$~keV, a 3$σ$ shift from the previous results. This resolves this anomaly, but indicates further anomalies in our understanding of the structure of this isotope.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Sub-Kelvin Thermometer for On-Chip Measurements of Microwave Devices Utilizing Two-Level Systems in Superconducting Microresonators
Creators: name: Wheeler, J.
name: Vissers, M. R.
name: Malnou, M.
name: Hubmayr, J.
name: Ullom, J. N.
name: Gao, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a superconducting microresonator thermometer based on two-level systems (TLS) that is drop-in compatible with cryogenic microwave systems. The operational temperature range is 50-1000~mK (which may be extended to 5~mK), and the sensitivity (50-75~$μ$K/$\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$) is relatively uniform across this range. The miniature footprint that conveniently attaches to the feedline of a cryogenic microwave device facilitates the measurement of on-chip device temperature and requires no additional thermometry wiring or readout electronics. We demonstrate the practical use of these TLS thermometers to investigate static and transient chip heating in a kinetic inductance traveling-wave parametric amplifier operated with a strong pump tone. TLS thermometry may find broad application in cryogenic microwave devices such as superconducting qubits and detectors.
Sheared Flow As A Stabilizing Mechanism In Astrophysical Jets
Creators: name: Wanex, Lucas
name: Tendeland, Erik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been hypothesized that the sustained narrowness observed in the asymptotic cylindrical region of bipolar outflows from Young Stellar Objects (YSO) indicates that these jets are magnetically collimated. The j cross B force observed in z-pinch plasmas is a possible explanation for these observations. However, z-pinch plasmas are subject to current driven instabilities (CDI). The interest in using z-pinches for controlled nuclear fusion has lead to an extensive theory of the stability of magnetically confined plasmas. Analytical, numerical, and experimental evidence from this field suggest that sheared flow in magnetized plasmas can reduce the growth rates of the sausage and kink instabilities. Here we propose the hypothesis that sheared helical flow can exert a similar stabilizing influence on CDI in YSO jets.
description: 13 pages, 2 figures
Sensitivity bounds of a spatial Bloch-oscillations Atom Interferometer
Creators: name: Nałȩcz, I.
name: Masi, L.
name: Ferioli, G.
name: Petrucciani, T.
name: Fattori, M.
name: Chwedeńczuk, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the ultimate bounds on the sensitivity of a Bloch-oscillation atom interferometer where the external force is estimated from the measurement of the on-site atomic density. For external forces such that the energy difference between lattice sites is smaller than the tunneling energy, the atomic wave-function spreads over many lattice sites, increasing the separation between the occupied modes of the lattice and naturally enhancing the sensitivity of the interferometer. To investigate the applicability of this scheme we estimate the effect of uncontrolled fluctuations of the tunneling energy and the finite resolution of the atom detection. Our analysis shows that a horizontal lattice combined with a weak external force allow for high sensitivities. Therefore, this setup is a promising solution for compact devices or for measurements with high spatial resolution.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
Permutation Entropy as a Conceptual Model to Analyse Brain Activity in Sleep
Creators: name: Edthofer, Alexander
name: Feldhammer, Iris
name: Fenzl, Thomas
name: Körner, Andreas
name: Kreuzer, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Sleep stage classification is a widely discussed topic, due to its importance in the diagnosis of sleep disorders, e.g. insomnia. Analysis of the brain activity during sleep is necessary to gain further insight into the processing that occurs in our brains. We want to use permutation entropy as a model for this analysis. Therefore, the signal processing in terms of electroencephalography is described. This results in a time discrete signal, that can be further processed by applying the method of permutation entropy, which is a modification of the Shannon entropy as a measure of information processing. The method is applied to 18 data sets, nine electroencephalography measurements of patients suffering from insomnia and nine of people without a sleep disorder. A strong correlation between the permutation entropy value and the sleep stages was found during the simulation runs. The results are analysed and presented using boxplot diagrams of the permutation entropy over the sleep stages. Furthermore, it is investigated that there is a steady decrease in the value when the patient is in a deeper sleep. This suggests that the method is a good parameter for sleep stage classification. Finally, we propose an extension of the conceptual model to other pathological conditions and also to the analysis of brain activity during surgery.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures, included in abstract volume of the 11th EUROSIM Congress on Modelling and Simulation
Dynamics of a quantum phase transition in the Aubry-André-Harper model with $p$-wave superconductivity
Creators: name: Tong, Xianqi
name: Meng, Yeming
name: Jiang, Xunda
name: Lee, Chaohong
name: Neto, Gentil Dias de Moraes
name: Xianlong, Gao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the nonequilibrium dynamics of the one-dimension Aubry-André-Harper model with $p$-wave superconductivity by changing the potential strength with slow and sudden quench. Firstly, we study the slow quench dynamics from localized phase to critical phase by linearly decreasing the potential strength $V$. The localization length is finite and its scaling obeys the Kibble-Zurek mechanism. The results show that the second-order phase transition line shares the same critical exponent $zν$, giving the correlation length $ν=0.997$ and dynamical exponent $z=1.373$, which are different from the Aubry-André model. Secondly, we also study the sudden quench dynamics between three different phases: localized phase, critical phase, and extended phase. In the limit of $V=0$ and $V=\infty$, we analytically study the sudden quench dynamics via the Loschmidt echo. The results suggest that, if the initial state and the post-quench Hamiltonian are in different phases, the Loschmidt echo vanishes at some time intervals. Furthermore, we found that, if the initial value is in the critical phase, the direction of the quench is the same as one of the two limits mentioned before, and similar behaviors will occur.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
LIINUS/SERPIL: a design study for interferometric imaging spectroscopy at the LBT
Creators: name: Gal, Csaba
name: Mueller-Sanchez, Francisco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: LIINUS/SERPIL is a design study to augment LBTs interferometric beam combiner camera LINC-NIRVANA with imaging spectroscopy. The FWHM of the interferometric main beam at 1.5 micron will be about 10 mas, offering unique imaging and spectroscopic capabilities well beyond the angular resolution of current 8-10m telescopes. At 10 mas angular scale, e.g., one resolution element at the distance of the Galactic Center corresponds to the average diameter of the Pluto orbit (79 AU), hence the size of the solar system. Taking advantage of the LBT interferometric beam with an equivalent maximum diameter of 23 m, LIINUS/SERPIL is an ideal precursor instrument for (imaging) spectrographs at extremely large full aperture telescopes. LIINUS/SERPIL will be built upon the LINC-NIRVANA hardware and LIINUS/SERPIL could potentially be developed on a rather short timescale. The study investigates several concepts for the optical as well as for the mechanical design. We present the scientific promises of such an instrument together with the current status of the design study.
description: 12 pages, SPIE conference proceeding, Orlando, 2006
Data driven value-at-risk forecasting using a SVR-GARCH-KDE hybrid
Creators: name: Lux, Marius
name: Härdle, Wolfgang Karl
name: Lessmann, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Appropriate risk management is crucial to ensure the competitiveness of financial institutions and the stability of the economy. One widely used financial risk measure is Value-at-Risk (VaR). VaR estimates based on linear and parametric models can lead to biased results or even underestimation of risk due to time varying volatility, skewness and leptokurtosis of financial return series. The paper proposes a nonlinear and nonparametric framework to forecast VaR that is motivated by overcoming the disadvantages of parametric models with a purely data driven approach. Mean and volatility are modeled via support vector regression (SVR) where the volatility model is motivated by the standard generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) formulation. Based on this, VaR is derived by applying kernel density estimation (KDE). This approach allows for flexible tail shapes of the profit and loss distribution, adapts for a wide class of tail events and is able to capture complex structures regarding mean and volatility. The SVR-GARCH-KDE hybrid is compared to standard, exponential and threshold GARCH models coupled with different error distributions. To examine the performance in different markets, one-day-ahead and ten-days-ahead forecasts are produced for different financial indices. Model evaluation using a likelihood ratio based test framework for interval forecasts and a test for superior predictive ability indicates that the SVR-GARCH-KDE hybrid performs competitive to benchmark models and reduces potential losses especially for ten-days-ahead forecasts significantly. Especially models that are coupled with a normal distribution are systematically outperformed.
Feedback-feedforward Signal Control with Exogenous Demand Estimation in Congested Urban Road Networks
Creators: name: Pedroso, Leonardo
name: Batista, Pedro
name: Papageorgiou, Markos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: To cope with uncertain traffic patterns and traffic models, traffic-responsive signal control strategies in the literature are designed to be robust to these uncertainties. These robust strategies still require sensing infrastructure to implement traffic-responsiveness. In this paper, we take a novel perspective and show that it is possible to use the already necessary sensing infrastructure to estimate the uncertain quantities in real time. Specifically, resorting to the store-and-forward model, we design a novel network-wide traffic-responsive strategy that estimates the occupancy and exogenous demand in each link, i.e., entering (exiting) vehicle flows at the origins (destinations) of the network or within links, in real time. Borrowing from optimal control theory, we design an optimal linear quadratic control scheme, consisting of a linear feedback term, of the occupancy of the road links, and a feedforward component, which accounts for the varying exogenous vehicle load on the network. Thereby, the resulting control scheme is a simple feedback-feedforward controller, which is fed with occupancy and exogenous demand estimates, and is suitable for real-time implementation. Numerical simulations for the urban traffic network of Chania, Greece, show that, for realistic surges in the exogenous demand, the proposed solution significantly outperforms tried-and-tested solutions that ignore the exogenous demand.
Muon pair creation from positronium in a circularly polarized laser field
Creators: name: Müller, Carsten
name: Hatsagortsyan, Karen Z.
name: Keitel, Christoph H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study elementary particle reactions that result from the interaction of an atomic system with a very intense laser wave of circular polarization. As a specific example, we calculate the rate for the laser-driven reaction $e^+e^- \to μ^+μ^-$, where the electron and positron originate from a positronium atom or, alternatively, from a nonrelativistic $e^+e^-$ plasma. We distinguish accordingly between the coherent and incoherent channels of the process. Apart from numerical calculations, we derive by analytical means compact formulas for the corresponding reaction rates. The rate for the coherent channel in a laser field of circular polarization is shown to be damped because of the destructive interference of the partial waves that constitute the positronium ground-state wave packet. Conditions for the observation of the process via the dominant incoherent channel in a circularly polarized field are pointed out.
Low-Scale Inflationary Magnetogenesis without Baryon Isocurvature Problem
Creators: name: Yanagihara, Kazuki
name: Uchida, Fumio
name: Fujita, Tomohiro
name: Tsujikawa, Shinji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Primordial magnetogenesis is an intriguing possibility to explain the origin of intergalactic magnetic fields (IGMFs). However, the baryon isocurvature problem has recently been pointed out, ruling out all magnetogenesis models operating above the electroweak scale. In this letter, we show that lower-scale inflationary scenarios with a Chern-Simons coupling can evade this problem. We propose concrete inflationary models whose reheating temperatures are lower than the electroweak scale and numerically compute the amount of magnetic fields generated during inflation and reheating. We find that, for lower reheating temperatures, the magnetic helicity decreases significantly. It is also possible to generate fully helical magnetic fields by modifying the inflaton potential. In both cases, the produced magnetic fields can be strong enough to explain the observed IGMFs, while avoiding the baryon isocurvature problem.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
title: Controllable helical deformations on printed anisotropic composite soft actuators
Creators: name: Wang, Dong
name: Li, Ling
name: Serjouei, Ahmad
name: Dong, Longteng
name: Weeger, Oliver
name: Gu, Guoying
name: Ge, Qi
Publisher: name: AIP
Year: 2021

description: Helical shapes are ubiquitous in both nature and engineering. However, the development of soft actuators and robots that mimic helical motions has been hindered primarily due to the lack of efficient modeling approaches that take into account the material anisotropy and the directional change of the external loading point. In this work, we present a theoretical framework for modeling controllable helical deformations of cable-driven, anisotropic, soft composite actuators. The framework is based on the minimum potential energy method, and its model predictions are validated by experiments, where the microarchitectures of the soft composite actuators can be precisely defined by 3D printing. We use the developed framework to investigate the effects of material and geometric parameters on helical deformations. The results show that material stiffness, volume fraction, layer thickness, and fiber orientation can be used to control the helical deformation of a soft actuator. In particular, we found that a critical fiber orientation angle exists at which the twist of the actuator changes the direction. Thus, this work can be of great importance for the design and fabrication of soft actuators with tailored deformation behavior.
Enhanced Magnetization by Defect-Assisted Exciton Recombination in Atomically Thin CrCl$_3$
Creators: name: Zhang, Xin-Yue
name: Graham, Thomas K. M.
name: Bae, Hyeonhu
name: Wang, Yu-Xuan
name: Delegan, Nazar
name: Ahn, Jonghoon
name: Wang, Zhi-Cheng
name: Regner, Jakub
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Jung, Minkyung
name: Sofer, Zdeněk
name: Tafti, Fazel
name: Awschalom, David D.
name: Heremans, F. Joseph
name: Yan, Binghai
name: Zhou, Brian B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two dimensional (2D) semiconductors present unique opportunities to intertwine optical and magnetic functionalities and to tune these performances through defects and dopants. Here, we integrate exciton pumping into a quantum sensing protocol on nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond to image the optically-induced transient stray fields in few-layer, antiferromagnetic CrCl$_3$. We discover that exciton recombination enhances the in-plane magnetization of the CrCl$_3$ layers, with a predominant effect in the surface monolayers. Concomitantly, time-resolved photoluminescence measurements reveal that nonradiative exciton recombination intensifies in atomically thin CrCl$_3$ with tightly localized, nearly dipole-forbidden excitons and amplified surface-to-volume ratio. Supported by experiments under controlled surface exposure and density functional theory calculations, we interpret the magnetically enhanced state to result from a defect-assisted Auger recombination that optically activates electron transfer between water vapor related surface impurities and the spin-polarized conduction band. Our work validates defect engineering as a route to enhance intrinsic magnetism in single magnetic layers and opens a novel experimental platform for studying optically-induced, transient magnetism in condensed matter systems.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures
Same-Sign Dilepton Signature in the Inert Doublet Model
Creators: name: Yang, Fa-Xin
name: Han, Zhi-Long
name: Jin, Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we perform a detailed analysis on the same-sign dilepton signature in the inert doublet model. Focusing on the low dark matter mass region, we randomly scan the corresponding parameter space. Viable samples allowed by various constraints are obtained, among which twenty benchmark points are selected for further collider signature study. At hadron colliders, the same-sign dilepton signature is produced via $pp\to W^{\pm *}W^{\pm *}jj \to H^\pm H^\pm jj$ with the leptonic decay mode $ H^\pm \to HW^\pm (\to l^\pm ν)$, where $H$ is the dark matter candidate. We investigate the testability of this signal at the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the proposed 27 TeV high-energy LHC (HE-LHC). According to our simulation, the HL-LHC with $\mathcal{L}=3~ab^{-1}$ can hardly probe this signal. Meanwhile, for the HE-LHC with $\mathcal{L}=15~ab^{-1}$, it is promising to obtain a $5σ$ significance when $250~\text{GeV}\lesssim m_{H^\pm}-m_H\lesssim 300$ GeV with dark matter mass $m_H\sim 60$ or 71 GeV.
Learning a Single Model with a Wide Range of Quality Factors for JPEG Image Artifacts Removal
Creators: name: Li, Jianwei
name: Wang, Yongtao
name: Xie, Haihua
name: Ma, Kai-Kuang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Lossy compression brings artifacts into the compressed image and degrades the visual quality. In recent years, many compression artifacts removal methods based on convolutional neural network (CNN) have been developed with great success. However, these methods usually train a model based on one specific value or a small range of quality factors. Obviously, if the test image's quality factor does not match to the assumed value range, then degraded performance will be resulted. With this motivation and further consideration of practical usage, a highly robust compression artifacts removal network is proposed in this paper. Our proposed network is a single model approach that can be trained for handling a wide range of quality factors while consistently delivering superior or comparable image artifacts removal performance. To demonstrate, we focus on the JPEG compression with quality factors, ranging from 1 to 60. Note that a turnkey success of our proposed network lies in the novel utilization of the quantization tables as part of the training data. Furthermore, it has two branches in parallel---i.e., the restoration branch and the global branch. The former effectively removes the local artifacts, such as ringing artifacts removal. On the other hand, the latter extracts the global features of the entire image that provides highly instrumental image quality improvement, especially effective on dealing with the global artifacts, such as blocking, color shifting. Extensive experimental results performed on color and grayscale images have clearly demonstrated the effectiveness and efficacy of our proposed single-model approach on the removal of compression artifacts from the decoded image.
description: Accepted for publication in the IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Demonstration of a High-Fidelity CNOT for Fixed-Frequency Transmons with Engineered ZZ Suppression
Creators: name: Kandala, A.
name: Wei, K. X.
name: Srinivasan, S.
name: Magesan, E.
name: Carnevale, S.
name: Keefe, G. A.
name: Klaus, D.
name: Dial, O.
name: McKay, D. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Improving two-qubit gate performance and suppressing crosstalk are major, but often competing, challenges to achieving scalable quantum computation. In particular, increasing the coupling to realize faster gates has been intrinsically linked to enhanced crosstalk due to unwanted two-qubit terms in the Hamiltonian. Here, we demonstrate a novel coupling architecture for transmon qubits that circumvents the standard relationship between desired and undesired interaction rates. Using two fixed frequency coupling elements to tune the dressed level spacings, we demonstrate an intrinsic suppression of the static $ZZ$, while maintaining large effective coupling rates. Our architecture reveals no observable degradation of qubit coherence ($T_1,T_2 > 100~μs$) and, over a factor of 6 improvement in the ratio of desired to undesired coupling. Using the cross-resonance interaction we demonstrate a 180~ns single-pulse CNOT gate, and measure a CNOT fidelity of 99.77(2)$\%$ from interleaved randomized benchmarking.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures plus supplement (4 pages, 3 figures)
Love-cheek, Azteca
Creators: name: Hamami, Aydin
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Fine arts
subject: Art
subject: Art Theory
subject: Aydin Hamami
subject: Fine Art
subject: Painting
subject: Theory

description: The act of painting is one of a physical, visceral nature, in which the intangible is made tangible, removed from our world in such a way as you allow us an abstract viewership, and intimately tied to our own physicality. The mind of the painter is one that must be simultaneously present and absent from the world of the moment. The following is a recounting of events that have led to the understanding of studio practice that my work exemplifies today, and a dissection of the significance of the actions of the artist within the studio space as well as in relation to the art object at its end.
Gauge independence of the physical fermion mass in the effective action of theories with radiative symmetry breaking
Creators: name: Metaxas, Dimitrios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I consider an Abelian gauge theory, with a complex scalar field and massless, chiral fermions, in the limit where the couplings and the interactions induce radiative symmetry breaking, and I derive and verify the Nielsen identities that ensure the gauge independence of the physical fermion mass that emerges in the broken phase of the effective action.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures
Influence of Low-Degree High-Order p-Mode Splittings on the Solar Rotation Profile
Creators: name: Garcia, R. A.
name: Mathur, S.
name: Ballot, J.
name: Eff-Darwich, A.
name: Jimenez-Reyes, S. J.
name: Korzennik, S. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The solar rotation profile is well constrained down to about 0.25 R thanks to the study of acoustic modes. Since the radius of the inner turning point of a resonant acoustic mode is inversely proportional to the ratio of its frequency to its degree, only the low-degree p modes reach the core. The higher the order of these modes, the deeper they penetrate into the Sun and thus they carry more diagnostic information on the inner regions. Unfortunately, the estimates of frequency splittings at high frequency from Sun-as-a-star measurements have higher observational errors due to mode blending, resulting in weaker constraints on the rotation profile in the inner core. Therefore inversions for the solar internal rotation use only modes below 2.4 mHz for l < 4. In the work presented here, we used an 11.5 year-long time series to compute the rotational frequency splittings for modes l < 4 using velocities measured with the GOLF instrument. We carried out a theoretical study of the influence of the low-degree modes in the region 2 to 3.5 mHz on the inferred rotation profile as a function of their error bars.
description: Accepted for publication in Solar Physics. 17 Pages, 9 figures
3D Segmentation Networks for Excessive Numbers of Classes: Distinct Bone Segmentation in Upper Bodies
Creators: name: Schnider, Eva
name: Horváth, Antal
name: Rauter, Georg
name: Zam, Azhar
name: Müller-Gerbl, Magdalena
name: Cattin, Philippe C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Segmentation of distinct bones plays a crucial role in diagnosis, planning, navigation, and the assessment of bone metastasis. It supplies semantic knowledge to visualisation tools for the planning of surgical interventions and the education of health professionals. Fully supervised segmentation of 3D data using Deep Learning methods has been extensively studied for many tasks but is usually restricted to distinguishing only a handful of classes. With 125 distinct bones, our case includes many more labels than typical 3D segmentation tasks. For this reason, the direct adaptation of most established methods is not possible. This paper discusses the intricacies of training a 3D segmentation network in a many-label setting and shows necessary modifications in network architecture, loss function, and data augmentation. As a result, we demonstrate the robustness of our method by automatically segmenting over one hundred distinct bones simultaneously in an end-to-end learnt fashion from a CT-scan.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables, accepted into MICCAI 2020 International Workshop on Machine Learning in Medical Imaging
Higgs boson pair production at N$^3$LO QCD
Creators: name: Chen, Long-Bin
name: Li, Hai Tao
name: Shao, Hua-Sheng
name: Wang, Jian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding the Higgs potential by measuring its self-interactions is fundamental in answering several big questions, such as electroweak symmetry breaking, electroweak baryogenesis, electroweak phase transition, and electroweak vacuum stability. The most promising way to probe the Higgs potential is to detect Higgs boson pair final state at high-energy colliders. In this talk, we report a recent perturbative calculation for the di-Higgs gluon-fusion process by taking into account N$^3$LO QCD radiative corrections in the approximation of infinite top quark mass limit. Finite top quark mass effects are also incorporated with several approximate schemes, which are known to be crucial in phenomenological applications. We show a very good asymptotic perturbative convergence at $\mathcal{O}(α_s^5)$, and demonstrate that the remaining scale uncertainty is only at percent level.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, accepted contribution to proceedings of 40th International Conference on High Energy physics (ICHEP2020), July 28 - August 6, 2020, Prague, Czech Republic (virtual meeting); v2: update references
Building a resource for studying translation shifts
Creators: name: Cyrus, Lea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.7

description: This paper describes an interdisciplinary approach which brings together the fields of corpus linguistics and translation studies. It presents ongoing work on the creation of a corpus resource in which translation shifts are explicitly annotated. Translation shifts denote departures from formal correspondence between source and target text, i.e. deviations that have occurred during the translation process. A resource in which such shifts are annotated in a systematic way will make it possible to study those phenomena that need to be addressed if machine translation output is to resemble human translation. The resource described in this paper contains English source texts (parliamentary proceedings) and their German translations. The shift annotation is based on predicate-argument structures and proceeds in two steps: first, predicates and their arguments are annotated monolingually in a straightforward manner. Then, the corresponding English and German predicates and arguments are aligned with each other. Whenever a shift - mainly grammatical or semantic -has occurred, the alignment is tagged accordingly.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure
Trusted Execution Environment for Decentralized Process Mining
Creators: name: Goretti, Valerio
name: Basile, Davide
name: Barbaro, Luca
name: Di Ciccio, Claudio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Inter-organizational business processes involve multiple independent organizations collaborating to achieve mutual interests. Process mining techniques have the potential to allow these organizations to enhance operational efficiency, improve performance, and deepen the understanding of their business based on the recorded process event data. However, inter-organizational process mining faces substantial challenges, including topical secrecy concerns: The involved organizations may not be willing to expose their own data to run mining algorithms jointly with their counterparts or third parties. In this paper, we introduce CONFINE, a novel approach that unlocks process mining on multiple actors' process event data while safeguarding the secrecy and integrity of the original records in an inter-organizational business setting. To ensure that the phases of the presented interaction protocol are secure and that the processed information is hidden from involved and external actors alike, our approach resorts to a decentralized architecture comprised of trusted applications running in Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs). We show the feasibility of our solution by showcasing its application to a healthcare scenario and evaluating our implementation in terms of memory usage and scalability on real-world event logs.
The occurrence and persistence of nuclear polyhedrosis virus in fluctuating populations of tent caterpillars
Creators: name: Kukan, Barbara
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: To determine the dynamics of infection by nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) in western and forest tent caterpillars, Malacosoma californicum pluviale (Dyar) and Malacosoma disstria (Hbn), I developed and tested a DNA dotblot hybridization assay for this system. The level of infection detected by the dot-blot assay was similar to that based on rearing field-collected tent caterpillars in the laboratory until viral death. Results based on testing crude caterpillar homogenates were the same as those in which DNA was extracted with phenol-chloroform. Experimental infection of second and third instar caterpillars showed that viral infection could be detected in 46% of the caterpillars two days after infection and 80 to 90% by four to five days post-infection. I monitored the levels of viral infection in six populations of forest tent caterpillars in Prince George, British Columbia. I found that high host density populations tended to have higher levels of virus than low density populations, but exceptions occurred. Virus persisted in populations through low density and the population with the highest level of virus in the peak density year collapsed following decline. A temporal series of samples of caterpillars and tent material from four populations of western tent caterpillars were analyzed. Levels of infection were related to the density of populations but not to changes in density. Infection was not related to the size of the egg mass of the caterpillar family, but in one population tents were larger for families with some individuals positive for virus than for uninfected families. Experimental contamination of tent material showed that active virus persists and tent material could provide a source of infection to the next generation. Pupae and moths from field populations of forest tent caterpillars and experimentally infected western tent caterpillars were rarely (pupae) or never (moths) positive for virus based on the sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection assay. Approximately 2% of caterpillars reared from surface decontaminated egg masses were positive for virus based on DNA hybridization. A review of the literature revealed that low levels of viral infection are common among pupae of forest Lepidoptera and in caterpillars reared from surface decontaminated eggs. This could contribute to the persistence of virus in low density populations.
Hansenocaris undetermined
Creators: name: Olesen, Jørgen
name: Grygier, Mark J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Maxillopoda
Hansenocarididae
Hansenocaris
Hansenocaris undetermined

description: Y-nauplius Type AB
Figs 2, 15G–M
Undescribed form-taxa of lecithotrophic y-larvae – Grygier et al. 2019 pars: 1228, fig. 3g.
Type AB – Dreyer et al. 2023a: figs 4, 5a, c, tables s1–s2. — Olesen et al. 2024: fig. 3b.
Material examined
JAPAN – Okinawa, Sesoko I., laboratory pier, 26°38ʹ09.4ʺ N, 127°51ʹ55.2ʺ E • 3 LSN; 1991–2005 • 9 LSN, 7 of which molted to cyprids; 2018–2019 (Tables 1 and S1).
Description
LAST-STAGE NAUPLIUS (LSN). Lecithotrophic. Body dipper-shaped/ovate in dorso-ventral view, about 1.6 times as long as wide; cephalic shield widely ovate, with sharp discontinuity in body outline leading into trunk. In lateral view, trunk axis downturned ca 50° with respect to cephalic axis. Length 210–240 µm (ventral view in life, without dorso-caudal spine), greatest width ca 150 µm, greatest dorso-ventral thickness ca 90–100 µm. Labrum elevated, spatulate in outline; surface divided into facets by cuticular ridges; with free posterior margin; pore pattern not examined in detail but one in midline posteriorly and a pair in postero-lateral corners. Caudal end obtuse, terminating in small, robust broad-conical, ca 5–10 µm long dorso-caudal spine, its axis upturned 20–30° with respect to trunk axis, this spine being accompanied ventrally by pair of even smaller, broad-conical furcal spines approximately 2–3 µm long.
CYPRID VIEWED THROUGH CUTICLE OF LSN. Body overall weakly brownish, but telson with brown/black spots arranged in rows and circles and gut-like tube packed with yellowish and orange yolk granules. Cephalic shield with lipid vesicles along lateral margins (3–4 on each side) and frontal margin (about 4).
Identification and variation
Easily recognizable by the combination of its compact form, spatulate labrum, short dorso-caudal spine and the brown-spotted pigmentation of the developing cyprid’s telson. At least one specimen has a larger dorso-caudal spine than the others.
Distribution
Japan (Sesoko Island, Okinawa).
description: Published as part of Olesen, Jørgen & Grygier, Mark J., 2024, Taxonomic diversity of marine planktonic ' y-larvae' (Crustacea: Facetotecta) from a coral reef hotspot locality (Japan, Okinawa), with a key to y-nauplii, pp. 1-90 in European Journal of Taxonomy 929 (1) on pages 39-41, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.929.2479, http://zenodo.org/record/10876286
Multivalent pIII phage display libraries : selected issues and applications
Creators: name: Wilson, Daniel Ross
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: By the use of model Ff phage libraries displaying (i) variants of the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP) immunodominant tetrapeptide repeats and (ii) peptides derived from the gene encoding Bordetella pertussis filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), the application potential of phage display was illustrated and several issues related to the utility of phage display were examined. Studies with the P. falciparum model, together with a statistical analysis of conformations adopted by aspartate/asparagine-proline residue pairs in proteins deposited in the Brookhaven Protein Data bank, provided insight into the structure of the CSP repeats and into the epitopes recognized by a panel of anti-CSP monoclonal antibodies. These studies also served to demonstrate the technical simplicity and general utility of phage display when applied to simple models. The more complex model, involving phage display of B. pertussis FHA-derived peptides, served as a model for genomic libraries. Work with this model led to the identification of fourteen antigenic regions within the large (200 kDa) FHA protein; these findings were both confirmed by and greatly extend previous antigenic analyses of FHA. This model also demonstrated that while construction of genomic phage display libraries is technically achievable, limitations imposed by phage and host biology may limit their utility and broad applicability. Difficulties encountered while exploring this model indicate that vector design is important to library construction and employment, and that attempts to display some foreign peptides on the phage surface can so profoundly affect phage/host biology that in some cases incompatible peptides will be "corrected" so as to enable their display. These and other issues of phage/host biology and their impact on phage display are discussed, including the need for fundamental studies into the influence of the nature (composition and sequence) of a peptide on its ability to be incorporated into virions.
Vortex cluster arising from an axisymmetric inertial wave attractor
Creators: name: Boury, Samuel
name: Sibgatullin, Ilias
name: Ermanyuk, Evgeny
name: Shmakova, Natalia
name: Odier, Philippe
name: Joubaud, Sylvain
name: Maas, Leo R. M.
name: Dauxois, Thierry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an experimental study of the saturated non-linear dynamics of an inertial wave attractor in an axisymmetric geometrical setting. The experiments are carried out in a rotating ring-shaped fluid domain delimited by two vertical coaxial cylinders, a conical bottom, and a horizontal deformable upper lid as wave generator: the meridional cross-section of the fluid volume is a trapezium, while the horizontal cross-section is a ring. First, the fluid is set into a rigid-body rotation. Thereafter, forcing is introduced into the system via axisymmetric low-amplitude volume-conserving oscillatory motion of the upper lid. After a short transient of about 10 forcing periods, a quasi-linear regime is established, with an axisymmetric inertial wave attractor. The attractor is prone to instability: at long time-scale (order 100 forcing periods) a saturated fully non-linear regime develops as a consequence of an energy cascade draining energy towards a slow two-dimensional manifold represented by a regular polygonal system of axially-oriented cyclonic vortices that are slowly precessing around the inner cylinder. We show that this slow two-dimensional manifold manifests a persistent slow prograde motion and a strong cyclonic-anticyclonic asymmetry quantified by the time-evolution of the probability density function of the vertical vorticity.
Perceptual learning of faces in rehabilitation of acquired prosopagnosia
Creators: name: Davies-Thompson, Jodie
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: Despite the large number of studies on prosopagnosia, there have been few attempts at rehabilitation. Here, we determine whether perceptual learning can be used in the rehabilitation of acquired prosopagnosia. 9 acquired prosopagnosics completed a 12-week face training program and a 12-week control task. Patients were presented with 3 faces and were asked to determine which of the bottom two faces most resembled the top face. A staircase procedure was used to tailor the training to each patient, in which faces became increasingly similar as performance improved.  Training began with neutral front-on faces, and varied across expression and viewpoint as the training progressed throughout the weeks. Following training, we observed an improvement on trained faces (23%), as well as for new untrained expressions (28%) and viewpoints (20%), but less on untrained identities (8%). With the exception of untrained identities, improvements were significantly larger following training as compared to the control task. Finally, we found no pattern between lesion location and the benefit of training. In summary, perceptual learning may be a useful tool for improving face recognition in acquired prosopagnosia, allowing generalizability across viewpoints and expressions, but may be limited in its generalizability to untrained facial identities.