cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Safe Joint Mechanism using torsion springs for Collision Safety and Positioning Accuracy of a Robot Arm
Creators: name: Belharet, Adel
name: Jae-Bok Song
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 91007 Manufacturing Robotics and Mechatronics (excl. Automotive Mechatronics)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: Mechanical Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering

description: In recent years, the potential for collision between humans and robots has drawn much attention since service robots are increasingly being used in the human environment. A safe robot arm can be achieved using either an active or passive compliance method. A passive compliance system composed of purely mechanical elements often provides faster and more reliable responses to dynamic collision than an active system involving sensors and actuators. Since positioning accuracy and collision safety of a robot arm are equally important, a robot arm should have very low stiffness when subjected to a collision force capable of causing human injury. Otherwise, it should maintain a very high stiffness. To implement these requirements, a novel safe joint mechanism (SJM-IV) consisting of a CAM, rotational links with rollers, and torsion springs is proposed. The SJM-IV has the advantage of nonlinear stiffness, which can be achieved only with passive mechanical elements. Various analyses and experiments on static and dynamic collisions show high stiffness of the SJM-IV against an external torque less than a predetermined threshold torque, with an abrupt drop in stiffness when the external torque exceeds this threshold. The safe joint mechanism enables a robot manipulator to guarantee positioning accuracy and collision safety, and which is simple to install between an actuator and a robot link without a significant change in the robot’s design.
Three-dimensional Ising Ferrimagnetism of Cr-Fe-Cr trimers in FeCr2Te4
Creators: name: Liu, Yu
name: Koch, R. J.
name: Hu, Zhixiang
name: Aryal, Niraj
name: Stavitski, Eli
name: Tong, Xiao
name: Attenkofer, Klaus
name: Bozin, E. S.
name: Yin, Weiguo
name: Petrovic, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We carried out a comprehensive study of magnetic critical behavior in single crystals of ternary chalcogenide FeCr$_2$Te$_4$ that undergoes a ferrimagnetic transition below $T_c$ $\sim$ 123 K. Detailed critical behavior analysis and scaled magnetic entropy change indicate a second-order ferrimagentic transition. Critical exponents $β= 0.30(1)$ with $T_c = 122.4(5)$ K, $γ= 1.22(1)$ with $T_c = 122.8(1)$ K, and $δ= 4.24(2)$ at $T_c$ $\sim$ 123 K suggest that the spins approach three-dimensional Ising ($β$ = 0.325, $γ$ = 1.24, and $δ$ = 4.82) model coupled with the attractive long-range interactions between spins that decay as $J(r)\approx r^{-4.88}$. Our results suggest that the ferrimagnetism in FeCr$_2$Te$_4$ is due to itinerant ferromagnetism among the antiferromagnetically coupled Cr-Fe-Cr trimers.
description: Accepted in PRB
String breaking
Creators: name: Bali, Gunnar S
name: Dussel, Thomas
name: Lippert, Thomas
name: Neff, Hartmut
name: Prkacin, Zdravko
name: Schilling, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We numerically investigate the transition of the static quark-antiquark string into a static-light meson-antimeson system. Improving noise reduction techniques, we are able to resolve the signature of string breaking dynamics for Nf=2 lattice QCD at zero temperature. We discuss the lattice techniques used and present results on energy levels and mixing angle of the static two-state system. We visualize the action density distribution in the region of string breaking as a function of the static colour source-antisource separation. The results can be related to properties of quarkonium systems.
description: 8 pages, Talk given at the Workshop on Computational Hadron Physics, Nicosia, Cyprus, 14--17 September 2005
The evolution of the timing properties of the black-hole transient GX 339-4 during its 2002/2003 outburst
Creators: name: Belloni, T.
name: Homan, J.
name: Casella, P.
name: van der Klis, M.
name: Nespoli, E.
name: Lewin, W. H. G.
name: Miller, J. M.
name: Mendez, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of the timing and color analysis of more than two hundred RXTE/PCA observations of the bright black-hole transient GX 339-4 obtained during its 2002/2003 outburst. The color-intensity evolution of the system, coupled to the properties of its fast time variability, allow the identification of four separate states. Depending on the state, strong noise is detected, together with a variety of quasi-periodic oscillations at frequencies from 0.2 to 8 Hz. We present a characterization of the timing parameters of these states and compare them to what has been observed in other systems. These results, together with those obtained from energy spectra, point towards a common evolution of black-hole transients through their outbursts.
description: 21 pages, 22 figures; accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics; small language changes, updated references
Status of the PANDA Barrel DIRC
Creators: name: Schwarz, C.
name: Ali, A.
name: Belias, A.
name: Dzhygadlo, R.
name: Gerhardt, A.
name: Krebs, M.
name: Lehmann, D.
name: Peters, K.
name: Schepers, G.
name: Schwiening, J.
name: Traxler, M.
name: Schmitt, L.
name: Böhm, M.
name: Lehmann, A.
name: Pfaffinger, M.
name: Stelter, S.
name: Uhlig, F.
name: Düren, M.
name: Etzelmüller, E.
name: Föhl, K.
name: Hayrapetyan, A.
name: Köseoglu, I.
name: Kreutzfeld, K.
name: Rieke, J.
name: Schmidt, M.
name: Wasem, T.
name: Sfienti, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The PANDA experiment will use cooled antiproton beams with high intensity stored1 in the High Energy Storage Ring at FAIR. Reactions on a fixed target producing charmed hadrons will shed light on the strong QCD. Three ring imaging Cherenkov counters are used for charged particle identification. The status of the Barrel DIRC (Detection of Internally Reflected Cherenkov light) is described. Its design is robust and its performance validated in experiments with test beams. The PANDA Barrel DIRC has entered the construction phase and will be installed in 2023/2024.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
The Fourth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
Creators: name: al., J. K. Adelman-McCarthy et
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper describes the fourth data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), including all survey-quality data taken through June 2004. The data release includes five-band photometric data for 180 million objects selected over 6670 deg^2, and 673,280 spectra of galaxies, quasars, and stars selected from 4783 deg^2 of that imaging data using the standard SDSS target selection algorithms. These numbers represent a roughly 25% increment over those of the Third Data Release. The Fourth Data Release also includes an additional 131,840 spectra of objects selected using a variety of alternative algorithms, to address scientific issues ranging from the kinematics of stars in the Milky Way thick disk to populations of faint galaxies and quasars.
description: 26 pages, 2 figures
RELAÇÕES DE PODER SEGUNDO BOURDIEU E FOUCAULT: UMA PROPOSTA DE ARTICULAÇÃO TEÓRICA PARA A ANÁLISE DAS ORGANIZAÇÕES
Creators: name: Cappelle, Monica Carvalho Alves
name: Melo, Marlene Catarina De Oliveira Lopes
name: Brito, Mozar Jose De
name: Cappelle, Monica Carvalho Alves
name: Melo, Marlene Catarina De Oliveira Lopes
name: Brito, Mozar Jose De
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: power relationships
subject: organizational theory
subject: Pierre Bourdieu
subject: Michel Foucault.

description: The elaboration of the present paper consists of the building of a theoretical proposal for the power relationships analysis in organizations, in an attempt of establishing a bridge between Pierre Bourdieu’s and Michel Foucault’s works. These two authors were chosen for their having elaborated wide discussions concerning power, which may complete each other. The present proposal brings answers to Morin & Le Moigne (2000) and Santos’ (1996) expectations concerning the search for new and wider models and explanations for social world and to the combat against the hyper-specialization of sciences. It also assists Hardy & Clegg’s (2001) clamors for the transformation of the organizational studies in a group of more related and connected conversations, mainly as far as studies about power are concerned.
Evolution of urban chicken consumption in Southern countries: a comparison between Haiti and Cameroon
Creators: name: Laroche Dupraz, Catherine
name: Awono, Cyprien
name: Laroche Dupraz, Catherine
name: Awono, Cyprien
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Chicken
subject: urban consumption
subject: developing countries
subject: globalisation
subject: Cameroon
subject: Haiti.

description: Since the beginning of 2000s, in order to let poor people accede to meat consumption, several developing countries have opened their domestic chicken market to foreign imports, by reducing import tariffs. Thus local chicken meat competes with frozen pieces of chicken imported from the European Union or America, causing the loss of many jobs in the local chicken food chain. In order to highlight the determinants of urban consumer’s choice relative to chicken types, and assess the opportunity for local chicken to restore its market share, investigations have been done in 2005 and 2006, in Yaoundé (Cameroon) and at Port-au-Prince (Haiti) applied to 180 urban households in each country. While imported frozen pieces of chicken have almost entirely substituted for the local chicken which has already quite disappeared in Portau- Prince, Yaoundé consumers still prefer the local flesh chicken to the imported ones, at least for particular uses.
SINTONIA DA INFORMAÇÃO SOBRE AS PREFERÊNCIAS DOS CONSUMIDORES DE CARNE BOVINA ENTRE OS AGENTES DA CADEIA DE PRODUÇÃO NO DISTRITO FEDERAL
Creators: name: Brisola, Marlon Vinicius
name: Castro, Antonio Maria Gomes De
name: Brisola, Marlon Vinicius
name: Castro, Antonio Maria Gomes De
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: consumer
subject: bovine meat
subject: information.

description: The studies on agribusiness are based in a systemic dimension, seeking to understanding the relationship among agents and the search for greater efficiency among or intra-chains. For such purpose, understanding the several flows concealed in the agri-food networks (and in their chains) has become necessary: flows of materials and products, capital flows, flows of information. The flow of the information, as object of this study, is generated in primary sources (consumers), positioned at the end of the production chain, and it “flows” through channels, reaching all the points that determine strategic interests in the chain. In its course, it undergoes changes (noises) starting at the moment it is decoded by secondary sources. Using such elements, this present work reached for information tuning regarding the consumers’ preferences on the product, the consumption habits and the places of purchase of bovine meat in the Federal District (Brasilia) for retail agents and processors. In a qualitative approach, semi-structured interviews with representatives of the sections of the production chain were made, about previously collected and analyzed information on the consumers, and on their preferences through a survey. The results showed a high tuning level between industry and supermarkets, and a reduced tuning level among retailers.
Das anaphorische Fürbittgebet der Basiliusliturgie
Creators: name: Engberding, Hieronymus
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 47 (1963): Oriens christianus, Band 47
Energy sensitivity of the GRAPES-3 EAS array for primary cosmic ray protons
Creators: name: Hariharan, B.
name: Ahmad, S.
name: Chakraborty, M.
name: Chandra, A.
name: Dugad, S. R.
name: Gupta, S. K.
name: Hayashi, Y.
name: Kojima, H.
name: Inbanathan, S. S. R.
name: Jagadeesan, P.
name: Jain, A.
name: Jain, P.
name: Jhansi, V. B.
name: Kawakami, S.
name: Mohanty, P. K.
name: Morris, S. D.
name: Nayak, P. K.
name: Oshima, A.
name: Pattanaik, D.
name: Rakshe, P. S.
name: Ramesh, K.
name: Rao, B. S.
name: Reddy, L. V.
name: Shibata, S.
name: Varsi, F.
name: Zuberi, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Low energy ground-based cosmic ray air shower experiments generally have energy threshold in the range of a few tens to a few hundreds of TeV. The shower observables are measured indirectly with an array of detectors. The atmospheric absorption of low energy secondaries limits their detection frequencies at the Earth's surface. However, due to selection effects, a tiny fraction of low energy showers, which are produced in the lower atmosphere can reach the observational level. But, due to less information of shower observables, the reconstruction of these showers are arduous. Hence, it is believed that direct measurements by experiments aboard on satellites and balloon flights are more reliable at low energies. Despite having very small efficiency ($\sim$0.1%) at low energies, the large acceptance ($\sim$5 m$^2$sr) of GRAPES-3 experiment allows observing primary cosmic rays down below to $\sim$1 TeV and opens up the possibility to measure primary energy spectrum spanning from a few TeV to beyond cosmic ray knee (up to 10$^{16}$ eV), covering five orders of magnitude. The GRAPES-3 energy threshold for primary protons through Monte Carlo simulations are calculated, which gives reasonably good agreement with data. Furthermore, the total efficiencies and acceptance are also calculated for protons primaries. The ability of GRAPES-3 experiment to cover such a broader energy range may provide a unique handle to bridge the energy spectrum between direct measurements at low energies and indirect measurements at ultra-high energies.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures
On a quasi-bound state in the $K^- d$ system caused by strong interactions
Creators: name: Shevchenko, N. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It was found that $NN$ potential could influence the results of the quasi-bound state search in the $K^- d$ system, where the corresponding pole is situated close to the threshold. Three-body Faddeev-type calculations of the $\bar{K}NN - πΣN$ system performed with a new model of nucleon-nucleon interaction predict the existence of the quasi-bound $K^- d$ state caused by strong interactions. Its binding energy is small ($1-2$ MeV), while the width is comparable with the width of the $K^- pp$ quasi-bound state ($40-60$ MeV).
description: 8 pages, 2 figures, 4 tables; v2: minor changes in Section 2, additional information about the NN potential in Section 3; accepted to the special issue of Few-Body Systems journal "New Trends in Hadron Physics: a Few-Body Perspective"
Power from the north : the poetics and politics of energy in Québec
Creators: name: Desbiens, Caroline
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: In 1971, Robert Bourassa, then Premier of Quebec, launched a major hydroelectric scheme to be built 1400 km North of Montreal. Known as the "James Bay" project, the first phase included the creation of eight powerhouses, six reservoirs and the diversion of two rivers. These transformations necessarily impacted the local Cree people; a territorial agreement partly compensated them but remains controversial to this day. While northern communities overwhelmingly bear the ecological cost of the project, the bulk of James Bay energy flows south to the industrial centers of Quebec, Ontario and the U.S. The assertion then that "James Bay belongs to all the Quebecois" which was meant to ease political tensions about the project begs the question, "Who are the Quebecois" and how do the Crees fit within such a community? This thesis explore that question by looking at the Quebecois cultural production of territory and its resources in the north. If James Bay was out of reach, it was never out of view. Media and political discourses reiterated key elements of a Quebecois cultural relationship to place, some of which are contained in the rural literature known as the roman de la terre. Several elements of this literature and its broader context were recontextualized in James Bay, particularly as they pertained to the will to occupy the land and develop natural resources. This was an important aspect of making James Bay - a land historically inhabited by the Crees - into a "Quebecois" national landscape. I suggest that this process was largely rooted in representations of nature that sought to bind it with nation and national identity. Thus James Bay demonstrates the close connection between identity and environmental struggles. For the Quebecois, the access to James Bay was supported by a territorial discourse that performed their own cultural past. This provoked an organized resistance from the Crees which constituted them as a modern political unit. A look at the cultural geography of the region highlights the political scales created in the accessing of resources that render their equitable and sustainable use more difficult to achieve.
Weyl doubling
Creators: name: Alawadhi, Rashid
name: Berman, David S.
name: Spence, Bill
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a host of spacetimes where the Weyl curvature may be expressed algebraically in terms of an Abelian field strength. These include Type D spacetimes in four and higher dimensions which obey a simple quadratic relation between the field strength and the Weyl tensor, following the Weyl spinor double copy relation. However, we diverge from the usual double copy paradigm by taking the gauge fields to be in the curved spacetime as opposed to an auxiliary flat space. We show how for Gibbons-Hawking spacetimes with more than two centres a generalisation of the Weyl doubling formula is needed by including a derivative-dependent expression which is linear in the Abelian field strength. We also find a type of twisted doubling formula in a case of a manifold with Spin(7) holonomy in eight dimensions. For Einstein Maxwell theories where there is an independent gauge field defined on spacetime, we investigate how the gauge fields determine the Weyl spacetime curvature via a doubling formula. We first show that this occurs for the Reissner-Nordstrom metric in any dimension, and that this generalises to the electrically-charged Born-Infeld solutions. Finally, we consider brane systems in supergravity, showing that a similar doubling formula applies. This Weyl formula is based on the field strength of the p-form potential that minimally couples to the brane and the brane world volume Killing vectors.
description: 28 pages. Minor changes. Version to appear in JHEP
Hawking and Page on the brane
Creators: name: Chamblin, A.
name: Karch, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the Hawking-Page phase transition of a CFT on AdS_{d-1} weakly coupled to gravity has a dual bulk description in terms of a phase transition between a black string and a thermal gas on AdS_{d}. At even lower temperatures the black string develops a Gregory Laflamme instability, which is dual to black hole evaporation in the boundary theory.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure; v2: typos in some formulas corrected; v3: discussion improved
Alternative producer-consumer relationships: the AgroGeoTrace project and the speciality products virtual roads
Creators: name: Chiodo, Emilio
name: Salvioni, Cristina
name: Chiodo, Emilio
name: Salvioni, Cristina
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: food speciality products
subject: short agro-food chains
subject: Geographical Information Systems

description: The AgroGeoTrace (AGT) project makes use of Geographical Information Systems and multichannel information technologies to facilitate the access of final consumers to local food speciality products. The project builds a prototype of an informative system designed, first, to help consumers to understand the agronomic and technological characteristics that make the targeted products special ones, and, second, to precisely and easily locate the sites (farms and oil mills) where they can buy them. The information made available through the project is intended to the symbolic relocalization of the regional products, hence to promote them and to create added value. The final outcomes of the project are the virtual maps of on-farm shops made available on Digital television (channel In+), PDAs and mobile phones.
Young and Older Farmers’ Perception and Assessment of Government Agricultural Agencies in Poland
Creators: name: Zawojska, Aldona
name: Zawojska, Aldona
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Government agencies
subject: farmers
subject: Poland

description: This article attempts to determine significance of differences among young and older farmers’ judgments on selected performance aspects of two EU paying agencies in Poland, namely Agency for Restructuring and Modernization of Agriculture (ARMA) and Agricultural Market Agency (AMA). The survey across Poland was conducted in late 2006 on a total of 194 respondents. The Likert-scale questionnaires were used to obtain data responses regarding the performance of the agencies. The sampling unit was the individual farm, the respondent being the person in charge of managing the farm and being customer of both agencies. The following hypotheses were set up for the study: 1. The young and older farmers’ perceptions of the government agencies impact on economic situation of agricultural holding are not significantly different; 2. The perceptions of young and older farmers of the government agencies’ role performance are not significantly different. These hypotheses have been empirically tested using the Z-test. Hypothesis no 2 was rejected for two agencies whereas Hypothesis no 1 was rejected for one agency (AMA). Study reveals that both young and older respondents are more familiar with ARMA (responsible, among others, for the direct payments to farmers) than with AMA (responsible for market measures). The overall results of the present study suggest that on average Polish young farmers are more knowledgeable about Government agencies and more critical of the agencies performance than older farmers. Consequently, policy makers, Government and its agencies should more carefully look into some problems facing young people in Polish farming.
A comparative study between discrete and continuum models for the evolution of competing phenotype-structured cell populations in dynamical environments
Creators: name: Ardaševa, Aleksandra
name: Gatenby, Robert A.
name: Anderson, Alexander R. A.
name: Byrne, Helen M.
name: Maini, Philip K.
name: Lorenzi, Tommaso
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Deterministic continuum models formulated in terms of non-local partial differential equations for the evolutionary dynamics of populations structured by phenotypic traits have been used recently to address open questions concerning the adaptation of asexual species to periodically fluctuating environmental conditions. These deterministic continuum models are usually defined on the basis of population-scale phenomenological assumptions and cannot capture adaptive phenomena that are driven by stochastic variability in the evolutionary paths of single individuals. In this paper, we develop a stochastic individual-based model for the coevolution between two competing phenotype-structured cell populations that are exposed to time-varying nutrient levels and undergo spontaneous, heritable phenotypic variations with different probabilities. The evolution of every cell is described by a set of rules that result in a discrete-time branching random walk on the space of phenotypic states. We formally show that the deterministic continuum counterpart of this model comprises a system of non-local partial differential equations for the cell population density functions coupled with an ordinary differential equation for the nutrient concentration. We compare the individual-based model and its continuum analogue, focussing on scenarios whereby the predictions of the two models differ. Our results clarify the conditions under which significant differences between the two models can emerge due to stochastic effects associated with small population levels. These differences arise in the presence of low probabilities of phenotypic variation, and become more apparent when the two populations are characterised by less fit initial mean phenotypes and smaller initial levels of phenotypic heterogeneity.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures
Success factors for farming collectives
Creators: name: Pulfer, Iris
name: Mohring, Anke
name: Dobricki, M.
name: Lips, Markus
name: Pulfer, Iris
name: Mohring, Anke
name: Dobricki, M.
name: Lips, Markus
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: farming collective
subject: economic satisfaction
subject: interpersonal conflicts

description: As the most intensive form of partnership in agriculture, farming collectives (FCs) place high demands on their participants. Based on a census of Swiss farming collectives, three success indicators are formed. The first and second describe interpersonal and economic success respectively, whilst the third encompasses overall success. Factors influencing success are determined by means of multiple regressions. Five predictor variables (compatibility with co-operation partner, trust, information quality, attitude of social environment, and relationship/kinship circle of the cooperation partner) accounted for 44 per cent of the variance in interpersonal success. Economic success was far more difficult to explain (R2 = 0.11). Even so, the influence of “soft” factors, even on the economic success of a farming collective, is striking. Above all, trust and the human and structural compatibility of the cooperation partners play an important role for all three types of success. The co-operation agreement, agricultural consultation, the number of participating people on the farm, and the investments made may be ranked as less important than previously assumed.
The Latin America and Caribbean Advantage: Family farming – a critical success factor for resilient food security and nutrition
Creators: name: Soma, Chakrabarti
name: Soma, Chakrabarti
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: climate change
subject: food security
subject: nutrition
subject: indigenous people
subject: youth
subject: women

description: Development projects that integrate investments in rural indigenous people, youth and women with measures to adapt to climate change are more likely to be successful in Latin America and the Caribbean, according to a new report launched today by the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). The Latin America and Caribbean Advantage Report, based on a review of all IFAD-supported projects in the region, shows that this holistic approach, which also includes investments in better nutrition, has a sustainable impact and minimizes trade-offs and risks.
The Global Welfare Effects of GM Sugar Beet under Changing Sugar Policies
Creators: name: Dillen, Koen
name: Demont, Matty
name: Tollens, Eric
name: Dillen, Koen
name: Demont, Matty
name: Tollens, Eric
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: GM
subject: sugar beet
subject: partial equilibrium

description: Since most of the recent agricultural biotechnology innovations have been developed by private companies, the central focus of societal interest is on the distribution of the gains from these technologies among all stakeholders. In a partial equilibrium model, assuming perfect corporate pricing strategies given the heterogeneous population of potential adopters, we model the worldwide introduction of GM sugar beet. The introduction is modelled under both the old and new CMO for sugar in the EU. We see GM sugar beet could bring great benefits to both consumers in the world and sugar beet producers even when the innovation is protected by intellectual property rights and the innovator uses his restricted monopoly to the full extend.
Modelling heterogeneity to estimate the ex ante value of biotechnology innovations
Creators: name: Dillen, Koen
name: Demont, Matty
name: Tollens, Eric
name: Dillen, Koen
name: Demont, Matty
name: Tollens, Eric
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Heterogeneity
subject: Parametric modelling
subject: ex ante

description: After more than a decade of GM crops, literature reports farmers and consumers can gain significantly from the technology, despite the intellectual property rights assigned to the innovator. In this paper we assess the effect of heterogeneity on this distribution of benefits. A two dimensional framework is created to assess the ex ante benefits of an innovation. Given this setting and the scarce data often available, a parametric modelling approach is taken. The two dimensions of heterogeneity, spatial and temporal, are explicitly modelled as they have a different importance for different technologies. Using this framework we can simulate different corporate pricing strategies and evaluate the benefits generated under changing heterogeneity. The framework is tested on the introduction of HT sugar beet in the EU-27.
Supercontinuum generation in silicon Bragg grating waveguide
Creators: name: Singh, Neetesh
name: Raval, Manan
name: Ippen, Erich
name: Watts, Michael. R.
name: Kartner, Franz X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supercontinuum generation is an extensively studied and arguably the most important and all-encompassing nonlinear phenomenon. Yet, we do not have a good control over all the signals generated in this process. Usually a large part of an octave spanning spectrum has orders of magnitude too much weaker signal than the peak to be useful for any application. In this work we show strong signal generation within a supercontinuum using a silicon Bragg grating waveguide. We show up to 23 dB of signal enhancement over a 10 nm full-width-at-half-maximum bandwidth at the Bragg resonance in the telecom window. Since the grating is made by depositing charge carriers periodically, thus avoiding any dimensional change in the waveguide, it can allow other functionalities offered by the induced electric field, such as second harmonic generation. The ease of grating fabrication, whether with dimensional variation or doping, makes such a device useful for enhancing signal strength at any desired frequencies with high precision within a supercontinuum independent of material platform. We believe this work opens a new avenue for supercontinuum enhancement on demand in integrated photonics.
Calculation and spectroscopy of the Landau band structure at a thin and atomically precise tunneling barrier
Creators: name: Habl, Matthias
name: Reinwald, Matthias
name: Wegscheider, Werner
name: Bichler, Max
name: Abstreiter, Gerhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two laterally adjacent quantum Hall systems separated by an extended barrier of a thickness on the order of the magnetic length possess a complex Landau band structure in the vicinity of the line junction. The energy dispersion is obtained from an exact quantum-mechanical calculation of the single electron eigenstates for the coupled system by representing the wave functions as a superposition of parabolic cylinder functions. For orbit centers approaching the barrier, the separation of two subsequent Landau levels is reduced from the cyclotron energy to gaps which are much smaller. The position of the anticrossings increases on the scale of the cyclotron energy as the magnetic field is raised. In order to experimentally investigate a particular gap at different field strengths but under constant filling factor, a GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure with a 52 Angstrom thick tunneling barrier and a gate electrode for inducing the two-dimensional electron systems was fabricated by the cleaved edge overgrowth method. The shift of the gaps is observed as a displacement of the conductance peaks on the scale of the filling factor. Besides this effect, which is explained within the picture of Landau level mixing for an ideal barrier, we report on signatures of quantum interferences at imperfections of the barrier which act as tunneling centers. The main features of the recent experiment of Yang, Kang et al. are reproduced and discussed for different gate voltages. Quasiperiodic oscillations, similar to the Aharonov Bohm effect at the quenched peak, are revealed for low magnetic fields before the onset of the regular conductance peaks.
description: 8 pages, 10 figures, 1 table
High strength particulate aluminum matrix composite design: Synergistic strengthening strategy
Creators: Shao, Chenwei
Lo, Calvin
Bhagavathula, Kapil
McDonald, André
Hogan, James D.
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2021

Aluminum-alumina (Al–Al2O3) composites with ultrahigh strength were designed by combining dispersion strengthening via the addition of Al2O3 particles and matrix strengthening via in situ strain hardening. Cold spraying additive manufacturing technology was applied to fabricate the composites. The yield strength (σ0.2%) of the Al-46 wt% Al2O3 composite was 317.4 MPa and was among the highest value reported in the literature, to the best of our knowledge, for a pure Al-based Al–Al2O3 composite. Experimental evaluation of the material showed that the compressive failure mode of the composite changed from gradual plastic collapse to shear-dominated behavior as the percentage of Al2O3 was increased or the matrix was pre-strain strengthened in the Al–Al2O3 composite
The Motivational Profile of Organic Food Consumers: a Survey of Specialized Stores Customers in Italy
Creators: name: Idda, Lorenzo
name: Madau, Fabio A.
name: Pulina, Pietro
name: Idda, Lorenzo
name: Madau, Fabio A.
name: Pulina, Pietro
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Organic food purchase
subject: Consumer’s motivational profilers
subject: Logit regression.

description: Organic food demand is becoming increasingly important throughout the world. Despite this relevance, however, not many attempts have been carried out to profile this food market segment. This paper aims to investigate on motivations that drive consumers towards purchasing organic foods in Italy. Through a survey carried out in some organic specialized stores sited in Sardinia, we explored organic consumer behaviour with specific emphasis on understanding reasons consumers have to buy organic products. A Multiple Correspondence Analysis has obtained four consumers’ motivational profiles and several findings. Furthermore, a Logit regression allowed us to evaluate the relationships between individual motivations and some socio-demographic characteristics of organic consumers. Some marketing and policy implications arisen from the obtained results.
Exploitation strategies of the animal environment of the last hunter-gatherers and first farmers in Europe
Creators: name: Margarit, Monica
name: Boroneant, Adina
name: Dimitrijevic, Vesna
name: Bonsall, Clive
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: animal environment
Early Neolithic
Mesolithic

description: The profound climatic changes and the need to identify solutions for the survival of humankind represent major topics of debate
 in contemporary society. Throughout their 200,000-year history modern humans have been faced with climatic changes some of
 them radical, which had a significant impact on the strategies employed for the exploitation and management of the environment,
 especially the animal life, and were reflected in the types of economic practices.
 Through this session proposal, we will analyze, quantify and compare the effects of this phenomenon and provide an integrated
 view of the ways in which the animal environment was exploited by prehistoric communities at the transition from hunter-gatherer
 to farmer-stockbreeder, identifying and comparing different eco-cultural models developed across Europe. The investigations will
 cover two priority domains: biodiversity evolution (e.g., taxonomic richness; magnitude of faunal turnover) and correlative human
 societal transformations, especially in animal management and techniques of exploitation (bone manufacturing). Among others,
 the aim of our session includes the identification of the modifications that intervened in the relation between the exploitation of the
 animal environment and the way in which it was reflected in palaeo-economy, habitat, social or spiritual organization. We invite
 speakers to discuss these topics from different perspectives; both theoretical and practical approaches are encouraged
L-band (3.5 micron) IR-excess in massive star formation, II. RCW 57/NGC 3576
Creators: name: Maercker, M.
name: Burton, M. G.
name: Wright, C. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a JHKL survey of the massive star forming region RCW 57 (NGC 3576) based on L-band data at 3.5 micron taken with SPIREX (South Pole Infrared Explorer), and 2MASS JHK data at 1.25-2.2 micron. This is the second of two papers, the first one concerning a similar JHKL survey of 30 Doradus. Colour-colour and colour-magnitude diagrams are used to detect sources with infrared excess. This excess emission is interpreted as coming from circumstellar disks, and hence gives the cluster disk fraction (CDF). Based on the CDF and the age of RCW 57, it is possible to draw conclusions on the formation and early evolution of massive stars. The infrared excess is detected by comparing the locations of sources in JHKL colour-colour and L vs. (K-L) colour-magnitude diagrams to the reddening band due to interstellar extinction. A total of 251 sources were detected. More than 50% of the 209 sources included in the diagrams have an infrared excess. Comparison with other JHKL surveys, including the results on 30 Doradus from the first paper, support a very high initial disk fraction (>80%) even for massive stars, although there is an indication of a possible faster evolution of circumstellar disks around high mass stars. 33 sources only found in the L-band indicate the presence of heavily embedded, massive Class I protostars. We also report the detection of diffuse PAHs emission throughout the RCW 57 region.
description: 15 pages, 13 figures
A combined timing/spectral study of IRAS 13224-3809 using XMM-Newton data
Creators: name: Caballero-Garcia, M. D.
name: Papadakis, I. E.
name: Dovciak, M.
name: Bursa, M.
name: Svoboda, J.
name: Karas, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results from an X-ray variability study of IRAS 13224-3809. This is probably the best source for X-ray reverberation studies since it is X-ray bright, extremely variable, and it has been extensively observed with XMM-Newton. We used all the archival XMM-Newton data from the three EPIC cameras (to increase the signal-to-noise) and, given the many observations of the source, we were able to compute the time-lags spectra in three different flux levels/periods. We fitted the time-lags and energy spectra, simultaneously, using a new X-ray reverberation code which computes the time dependent reflection spectra of the disc as a response to an X-ray flash from a point source located on the axis of the black-hole (BH) accretion disc (lamp-post geometry). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time for an AGN that both time-lags and energy spectra are fitted by a model simultaneously in different flux periods. The model fits in the case when the BH is rapidly rotating are significantly better than the model fits in the case of a Schwarzschild BH. This result strongly favours the hypothesis of a rotating central BH in this source. We also detect significant variations in the height of the X-ray corona. The X-ray height appears to increase from 3-5 gravitational radii when the X-ray luminosity is of the order of 1.5-3 percent of the Eddington limit, up to 10 gravitational radii, when the luminosity doubles.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS (18th Aug. 2020)
A universal programmable quantum state discriminator that is optimal for unambiguously distinguishing between unknown states
Creators: name: Bergou, Janos
name: Hillery, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a device that can unambiguously discriminate between two unknown quantum states. The unknown states are provided as inputs, or programs, for the program registers and a third system, which is guaranteed to be prepared in one of the states stored in the program registers, is fed into the data register of the device. The device will then, with some probability of success, tell us whether the unknown state in the data register matches the state stored in the first or the second program register. We show that the optimal device, i. e. the one that maximizes the probability of success, is universal. It does not depend on the actual unknown states that we wish to discriminate.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure
Radiation damage effects in amorphous zirconolite
Creators: name: Diver, Aaron
name: Dicks, Oliver
name: Elena, Alin
name: Todorov, Ilian
name: Trachenko, Kostya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the results of a large-scale modelling study of radiation damage effects in the nuclear waste form zirconolite. We particularly focus on the effects of radiation damage in amorphous zirconolite and have developed a new way to analyse the damaged structure in terms of local coordination statistics. On the basis of this analysis, we find that the amorphous structure responds to radiation damage differently from the crystal. Amorphous zirconolite is found to be "softer" than crystalline zirconolite with a much larger number of atoms becoming displaced and changing coordination during a 70 keV cascade. The local coordination and connectivity analysis shows that the amorphous structure continues to evolve as a result of repeated radiation damage, changes which cannot be identified from globally averaged properties such as pair distribution functions. We also find large density inhomogeneities at the local level which we suggest may play an important role for future developments in nuclear waste storage. Finally, we find a correlation between the changes in enthalpy and local coordination, suggesting that measurements of enthalpy change can be linked quantitatively to structural radiation damage. Our results raise an interesting possibility of whether an evolution of the amorphous structure due to radiation damage can converge to a new equilibrium amorphous regime, posing the fundamental question of what that structure may be.
Data from: Geographical, seasonal, sex and age differences in plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 status among Chinese hypertensive adults
Creators: name: Tengfei Lin
name: Wang, Zhuo
name: Youbao Li
name: Song, Yun
name: Lishun Liu
name: Ziyi Zhou
name: Yaping Wei
name: Chen, Ping
name: Chengzhang Liu
name: Binyan Wang
name: Jiliang Zeng
name: Mingjie Liu
name: Liangqiu Tang
name: Gao, Juan
name: Jianping Li
name: Zhang, Yan
name: Huo, Yong
name: Huiyuan Guo
name: Zhang, Hao
name: Xianhui Qin
name: Xiping Xu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 111199 Nutrition and Dietetics not elsewhere classified

description: Data from: Geographical, seasonal, sex and age differences in plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 status among Chinese hypertensive adults
The nature of the methanol maser ring G23.657$-$00.127. II. Expansion of the maser structure
Creators: name: Bartkiewicz, Anna
name: Sanna, Alberto
name: Szymczak, Marian
name: Moscadelli, Luca
name: van Langevelde, Huib Jan
name: Wolak, Pawel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ring-like distributions of the 6.7 GHz methanol maser spots at milliarcsecond scales represent a family of molecular structures of unknown origin associated with high-mass young stellar objects (HMYSOs). We aim to study G23.657-00.127, which has a nearly circular ring of the 6.7 GHz methanol masers, and is the most suitable target to test hypotheses on the origin of the maser rings. The European Very Long Baseline Interferometry Network (EVN) was used at three epochs spanning 10.3 yr to derive the spatio-kinematical structure of the 6.7 GHz methanol maser emission in the target. The maser cloudlets, lying in a nearly symmetric ring, expand mainly in the radial direction with a mean velocity of 3.2 km s$^{-1}$. There is an indication that the radial component of the velocity increases with cloudlet's distance from the ring centre. The tangential component does not show any clear evidence for rotation of the cloudlets or any relationship with distance from the ring centre. The blue-shifted masers may hint at an anticlockwise rotation of cloudlets in the southern part of the ring. The nearly circular structure of the ring clearly persisted for more than 10 yr. Interferometric data demonstrated that about one quarter of cloudlets show significant variability in their brightness, although the overall spectrum was non-variable in single-dish studies. Taking into account the three-dimensional motion of the maser cloudlets and their spatial distribution along a small ring, we speculate about two possible scenarios where the methanol masers trace either a spherical outflow arising from an (almost) edge-on disc, or a wide angle wind at the base of a protostellar jet. The latter is associated with near- and mid-infrared emission detected towards the ring. High angular resolution images of complementary (thermal) tracers are needed to interpret the environment of methanol masers.
description: accepted for publication in A\&A, 15 pages including on-line material