cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Steepest-Entropy-Ascent and Maximal-Entropy-Production Dynamical Models of Irreversible Relaxation to Stable Equilibrium from Any Non-Equilibrium State. Unified Treatment for Six Non-Equilibrium Frameworks
Creators: name: Beretta, Gian Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By suitable reformulations, we review the mathematical frameworks of six different approaches to the description of non-equilibrium dynamics with the purpose to set up a unified formulation of the Maximum Entropy Production (MEP) principle valid in all these contexts. In this way, we extend to such frameworks the concept of Steepest Entropy Ascent dynamics introduced by the present author in previous work on quantum thermodynamics. Actually, the present formulation constitutes a generalization also in the quantum thermodynamics framework. The analysis emphasizes that in the SEA-inspired implementation of the MEP principle, a key role is played by the geometrical metric with respect to which to measure the length of a trajectory in state space. The metric tensor turns out to be directly related to the inverse of the Onsager's generalized conductivity tensor. We conclude that in most of the existing theories of non-equilibrium the time evolution of the state representative can be seen to actually follow in state space the path of SEA with respect to a suitable metric connected with the generalized conductivities. The resulting unified family of SAE/MEP dynamical models are all intrinsically consistent with the second law of thermodynamics. The nonnegativity of the entropy production is a general and readily proved feature of SEA dynamics. In several of the different approaches to non-equilibrium description we consider here, the SEA concept has not been investigated before. Therefore, it is hoped that the present unifying approach may prove useful in providing a fresh basis for effective, thermodynamically consistent, numerical models and theoretical treatments of irreversible conservative relaxation towards equilibrium from far non-equilibrium states.
description: JETC2013, Brescia, Italy, July 1-5, 2013. The six frameworks are: A) Classical Statistical Mechanics; B) Small-Scale and Rarefied Gases Dynamics; C) Statistical or Information Theory; D) Rational Extended Thermodynamics, Macroscopic Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics, Chemical Kinetics; E) Mesoscopic Irreversible Thermodynamics; F) Quantum Statistical Mechanics, Quantum Thermodynamics
Towards bose-einstein condensation of semiconductor excitons: The biexciton polarization effect
Creators: name: Hägele, D.
name: Pfalz, S.
name: Oestreich, Michael
Publisher: name: College Park, MD : American Physical Society
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Biexciton
subject: Biexciton emission
subject: Circularly polarized
subject: Exciton density
subject: Exciton-exciton scattering
subject: GaAs quantum wells
subject: Luminescence measurements
subject: Polarization effect
subject: Spin-polarized excitons
subject: Stimulated scattering
subject: Bose-Einstein condensation
subject: Condensation
subject: Fermi level
subject: Leakage (fluid)
subject: Luminescence
subject: Polarization
subject: Excitons
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: We theoretically predict a strong influence of stimulated exciton-exciton scattering on semiconductor luminescence. The stimulated scattering causes circularly polarized instead of unpolarized emission at the biexciton emission line in a degenerate gas of partly spin polarized excitons. The biexciton polarization effect increases with increasing exciton densities and decreasing temperatures and approaches almost unity in the ultimate case of Bose-Einstein condensation. Time- and polarization-resolved luminescence measurements evidence the biexciton polarization effect both in ZnSe and GaAs quantum wells. © 2009 The American Physical Society.
Slices to sums of adjoint orbits, the Atiyah-Hitchin manifold, and Hilbert schemes of points
Creators: name: Bielawski, Roger
Publisher: name: Warsaw : De Gruyter Open Ltd
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Slodowy slice
subject: Atiyah-Hitchin manifold
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: We show that the regular Slodowy slice to the sum of two semisimple adjoint orbits of GL(n, ℂ) is isomorphic to the deformation of the D2-singularity if n = 2, the Dancer deformation of the double cover of the Atiyah-Hitchin manifold if n = 3, and to the Atiyah-Hitchin manifold itself if n = 4. For higher n, such slices to the sum of two orbits, each having only two distinct eigenvalues, are either empty or biholomorphic to open subsets of the Hilbert scheme of points on one of the above surfaces. In particular, these open subsets of Hilbert schemes of points carry complete hyperkähler metrics. In the case of the double cover of the Atiyah-Hitchin manifold this metric turns out to be the natural L2-metric on a hyperkähler submanifold of the monopole moduli space.
Width of photon decay in magnetic field: elementary semiclassical derivation and sensitivity to Lorentz violation
Creators: name: Satunin, Petr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an elementary derivation of the width of photon decay in a weak magnetic field using the semiclassical method of worldline instantons. The calculation is generalized to a model of quantum electrodynamics with broken Lorentz symmetry. Implications for the search of deviations from Lorentz invariance in the cosmic ray experiments are discussed.
description: 12 pages, 1 figure
Identification of transitional disks in Chamaeleon with Herschel
Creators: name: Ribas, Á.
name: Merín, B.
name: Bouy, H.
name: de Oliveira, C. Alves
name: Ardila, D. R.
name: Puga, E.
name: Kóspál, Á.
name: Spezzi, L.
name: Cox, N. L. J.
name: Prusti, T.
name: Pilbratt, G. L.
name: André, Ph.
name: Matrà, L.
name: Vavrek, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transitional disks are circumstellar disks with inner holes that in some cases are produced by planets and/or substellar companions in these systems. For this reason, these disks are extremely important for the study of planetary system formation. The Herschel Space Observatory provides an unique opportunity for studying the outer regions of protoplanetary disks. In this work we update previous knowledge on the transitional disks in the Chamaeleon I and II regions with data from the Herschel Gould Belt Survey. We propose a new method for transitional disk classification based on the WISE 12 micron-PACS 70 micron color, together with inspection of the Herschel images. We applied this method to the population of Class II sources in the Chamaeleon region and studied the spectral energy distributions of the transitional disks in the sample. We also built the median spectral energy distribution of Class II objects in these regions for comparison with transitional disks. The proposed method allows a clear separation of the known transitional disks from the Class II sources. We find 6 transitional disks, all previously known, and identify 5 objects previously thought to be transitional as possibly non-transitional. We find higher fluxes at the PACS wavelengths in the sample of transitional disks than those of Class II objects. We show the Herschel 70 micron band to be an efficient tool for transitional disk identification. The sensitivity and spatial resolution of Herschel reveals a significant contamination level among the previously identified transitional disk candidates for the two regions, which calls for a revision of previous samples of transitional disks in other regions. The systematic excess found at the PACS bands could be a result of the mechanism that produces the transitional phase, or an indication of different evolutionary paths for transitional disks and Class II sources.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A: 11 March 2013 11 pages, 15 figures
Eriophyes lithocarpi Keifer 1955
Creators: name: XUE, XIAO-FENG
name: WANG, ZHEN
name: SONG, ZI-WEI
name: HONG, XIAO-YUE
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Eriophyidae
Eriophyes
Eriophyes lithocarpi

description: Eriophyes lithocarpi Keifer, 1955
 Eriophyes lithocarpi Keifer, 1955: 112–114.
 Eriophyes lithocarpi; Amrine & Stasny, 1994: 201.
 Eriophyes lithocarpi; Baker, et al., 1996: 186.
 Host. Lithocarpus densiflora, L. densiflorus (Fagaceae).
 Relation to host. Buds.
 Distribution. USA.
description: Published as part of XUE, XIAO-FENG, WANG, ZHEN, SONG, ZI-WEI & HONG, XIAO-YUE, 2009, Eriophyoid mites on Fagaceae with descriptions of seven new genera and eleven new species (Acari: Eriophyoidea), pp. 1-95 in Zootaxa 2253 (1) on page 24, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2253.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5496215
Dual behavior of excess electrons in rutile TiO2
Creators: name: Janotti, A.
name: Franchini, C.
name: Varley, J. B.
name: Kresse, G.
name: Van de Walle, C. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The behavior of electrons in the conduction band of TiO2 and other transition-metal oxides is key to the many applications of these materials. Experiments seem to produce conflicting results: optical and spin-resonance techniques reveal strongly localized small polarons, while electrical measurements show high mobilities that can only be explained by delocalized free electrons. By means of hybrid functional calculations we resolve this apparent contradiction and show that small polarons can actually coexist with delocalized electrons in the conduction band of TiO2, the former being energetically only slightly more favorable. We also find that small polarons can form complexes with oxygen vacancies and ionized shallow-donor impurities, explaining the rich spectrum of Ti$^{3+}$ species observed in electron spin resonance experiments.
Search for gravitational waves from compact binary coalescence in LIGO and Virgo data from S5 and VSR1
Creators: name: Abadie, J.
name: Affeldt, Christoph
name: Allen, Bruce
name: Aufmuth, Peter
name: Aulbert, C.
name: Ballardin, G.
name: Bauchrowitz, J.
name: Bertolini, A.
name: Bock, O.
name: Bogan, C.
name: Born, Michael
name: Breyer, J.
name: Brinkmann, M.
name: Britzger, M.
name: Dahl, K.
name: Danzmann, Karsten
name: Di Palma, Irene
name: Eberle, Tobias
name: Fehrmann, H.
name: Frede, M.
name: Friedrich, Daniel
name: Goetz, E.
name: Goßler, S.
name: Graef, C.
name: Grote, Hartmut
name: Hewitson, M.
name: Kaufer, Henning
name: Kawazoe, F.
name: Khalaidovski, Alexander
name: Kim, H.
name: Kranz, O.
name: Kringel, V.
name: Kühn, G.
name: Kwee, P.
name: Lastzka, N.
name: Leong, J.R.
name: Lück, Harald
name: Machenschalk, Bernd
name: Mazzolo, G.
name: Mehmet, Moritz
name: Meier, Tobias
name: Mossavi, K.
name: Müller-Ebhard, H.
name: Pickenpack, M.
name: Pletsch, H.J.
name: Pöld, J.
name: Prijatelj, M.
name: Prix, R
name: Puncken, O.
name: Röver, C.
name: Rüdiger, A.
name: Salemi, F.
name: Schilling, R.
name: Schnabel, Roman
name: Schreiber, E.
name: Schulz, B.
name: Shaltev, M.
name: Steinlechner, J.
name: Steinlechner, S.
name: Tarabrin, S.P.
name: Taylor, J.R.
name: Thüring, A.
name: Vahlbruch, H.
name: Veltkamp, C.
name: Wanner, A.
name: Weinert, M.
name: Wessels, P.
name: Westphal, Tobias
name: Wette, K.
name: Willke, Benno
name: Winkelmann, L.
name: Winkler, W.
name: Wittel, H.
name: Yamamoto, K.
name: Et Al.
name: LIGO Scientific Collaboration
name: Collaboration, Virgo
Publisher: name: College Park, MD : American Physical Society
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Gravitational waves
subject: Gravitationswelle
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: We report the results of the first search for gravitational waves from compact binary coalescence using data from the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory and Virgo detectors. Five months of data were collected during the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory’s S5 and Virgo’s VSR1 science runs. The search focused on signals from binary mergers with a total mass between 2 and 35M⊙. No gravitational waves are identified. The cumulative 90%-confidence upper limits on the rate of compact binary coalescence are calculated for nonspinning binary neutron stars, black hole-neutron star systems, and binary black holes to be 8.7×10−3 yr−1 L10−1, 2.2×10−3 yr−1 L10−1, and 4.4×10−4 yr−1 L10−1, respectively, where L10 is 1010 times the blue solar luminosity. These upper limits are compared with astrophysical expectations. © 2010 The American Physical Society
Pressure effects in hollow and solid iron oxide nanoparticles
Creators: name: Silva, N. J. O.
name: Saisho, S.
name: Mito, M.
name: Millán, A.
name: Palacio, F.
name: Cabot, A.
name: Iglesias, Òscar
name: Labarta, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a study on the pressure response of the anisotropy energy of hollow and solid maghemite nanoparticles. The differences between the maghemite samples are understood in terms of size, magnetic anisotropy and shape of the particles. In particular, the differences between hollow and solid samples are due to the different shape of the nanoparticles and by comparing both pressure responses it is possible to conclude that the shell has a larger pressure response when compared to the core.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in JMMM
title: The Effects of Acute Hypoxia on Marksmanship
Creators: name: Moore, Chelsea Mary
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2012

description: Expeditionary warfighters in the military have the responsibility of being ready to deploy on short notice to any part of the world and be able to effectively complete their mission even if deployed to altitude. Studies demonstrate that altitude can significantly effect heart rate, ventilation rate, arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) and cognition. Decrements in these areas could lead to a reduction in shooting accuracy. Only two studies have looked at the effects of marksmanship at various altitudes and their results are inconclusive. This study evaluated the effects of acute hypoxia on marksmanship and the effect of a physical exertion task on marksmanship. Subjects performed a shooting task prior to a 60-sec run on a treadmill at 7.5 mph. Immediately following the run subjects completed 3 more shooting trials with 30 sec rest in between trials 2, 3 and 4. This protocol was performed in a randomized order at simulated altitudes of 162 m (approximately sea level, SL), I 015 m (1K), 2146 m (2K), 3085 m (3K) and 3962 m (4K). Altitudes were simulated by having the subjects breathe a reduced oxygen concentration. SaO2, heart rate and ventilation rate were recorded during 5 minutes of baseline rest, before and after each shooting trial and the run. Results indicated significant effects of altitude and exercise on marksmanship. The shooting scores at 4K were significantly lower than those at all other altitudes. There was a strong trend for scores at 3K to be lower than those at SL and IK. The shooting score in trial 1 was significantly higher than that in all other trials. Some recovery of marksmanship following the run was exhibited by scores in trial 3 being greater than in trial 2. Altitude and exercise both significantly reduced SaO2 values. Heart rate did not change with altitude, but trial had a significant effect on heart rate where trial 1 (prior to the run) was significantly lower than all other trials. Altitude and trial both had a significant effect on ventilation rate. Altitude had a significant effect on resting SaO2 and ventilation variables where resting heart rate did not change over altitudes. There was a strong positive correlation (r = 0.84) between marksmanship scores and SaO2. There was a strong inverse correlation (r = 0. 72) for ventilation rate with marksmanship scores, and a modest inverse correlation (r = 0.54) for heart rate and marksmanship. These findings demonstrate that increasing altitude impairs marksmanship, with a threshold at approximately 3000 m. The decreased marksmanship is closely related to decreased oxygen availability in the blood. This hypoxemia could decrease marksmanship due to impaired cognition and increased ventilation, the latter increasing movement of the chest wall.
Giant Spin Hall Effect in Single Photon Plasmonics
Creators: name: Agarwal, G. S.
name: Biehs, S. -A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show the existence of a very large spin Hall effect of light (SHEL) in single photon plasmonics based on spontaneous emission and the dipole-dipole interaction initiated energy transfer (FRET) on plasmonic platforms. The spin orbit coupling inherent in Maxwell equations is seen in the conversion of sigma + photon to sigma - photon. The FRET is mediated by the resonant surface plasmons and hence we find very large SHEL. We present explicit results for SHEL on both graphene and metal films. We also study how the splitting of the surface plasmon on a metal film affects the SHEL. In contrast to most other works which deal with SHEL as correction to the paraxial results, we consider SHEL in the near field of dipoles which are far from paraxial.
Switching between one and two dimensions: Conductivity of Pb-induced chain structures on Si(557)
Creators: name: Tegenkamp, Christoph
name: Kallassy, Z.
name: Pfnür, Herbert
name: Günter, H.-L.
name: Zielasek, V.
name: Henzler, M.
Publisher: name: College Park, MD : American Physical Society
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Conductance measurement
subject: Pb-induced chain structures
subject: Semiconductor-insulator transition
subject: Anisotropy
subject: Measurement theory
subject: Molecular structure
subject: Monolayers
subject: Phase transitions
subject: Electric conductance
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: We show in a combined study of four-point conductance measurement and tunneling microscopy that surface state conductance induced by one monolayer of Pb on Si(557) can be quasi one dimensional with conductivity values close to typical three-dimensional metals. At a critical temperature of Tc=78K, associated with an order-disorder phase transition and a tenfold superperiodicity along the Pb chains, the system switches from low to high conductance anisotropy, with a semiconductor-insulator transition in the direction perpendicular to the chain structure, while along the chains conductance with a (1/T+const) temperature dependence was found. © 2005 The American Physical Society.
A high-efficiency programmable modulator for extreme ultraviolet light with nm feature size based on an electronic phase transition
Creators: name: Vaskivskyi, Igor
name: Mraz, Anze
name: Venturini, Rok
name: Jecl, Gregor
name: Vaskivskyi, Yevhenii
name: Mincigrucci, Riccardo
name: Foglia, Laura
name: De Angelis, Dario
name: Pelli-Cresi, Jacopo-Stefano
name: Paltanin, Ettore
name: Fainozzi, Danny
name: Bencivenga, Filippo
name: Masciovecchio, Claudio
name: Mihailovic, Dragan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The absence of efficient light modulators for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and X-ray photons significantly limits their real-life application, particularly when even slight complexity of the beam patterns is required. Here we report on a novel approach to reversible imprinting of a holographic mask in an electronic Wigner crystal material with a sub-90 nm feature size. The structure is imprinted on a sub-picosecond time-scale using EUV laser pulses and acts as a high-efficiency diffraction grating that deflects EUV or soft X-ray light. The imprinted nanostructure is stable after the removal of the exciting beams at low temperatures but can be easily erased by a single heating beam. Modeling shows that the efficiency of the device can exceed 1%, approaching state-of-the-art etched gratings, but with the benefit of being programmable and tunable over a large range of wavelengths. The observed effect is based on the rapid change of lattice constant upon transition between metastable electronically-ordered phases in a layered transition metal dichalcogenide. The proposed approach is potentially useful for creating tunable light modulators in the EUV and soft X-ray spectral ranges.
Fabrication of superconducting tantalum nitride thin films using infra-red pulsed laser deposition
Creators: name: Chaudhuri, Saumyadip
name: Chandernagor, Lucie
name: Lahtinen, Manu
name: Ging, Marion
name: Maasilta, Ilari
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the successful fabrication of superconducting tantalum nitride (TaN) thin films using a pulsed laser deposition technique with 1064 nm radiation. Films with thickness $ \sim $ 100 nm deposited on MgO (100) single crystals and on oxidized silicon (SiO$_{2} $) substrates exhibited a superconducting transition temperature of $\sim $ 8 K and 6 K, respectively. The topography of these films were investigated using atomic force and scanning electron microscopy, revealing fairly large area particulate free and smooth surfaces, while the structure of the films were investigated using standard $ θ-2 θ$ and glancing angle X-ray diffraction techniques. For films grown on MgO a face-centered cubic phase of TaN was observed, while films grown on SiO$_{2} $ exhibited the face-centered cubic and as well as a mononitride hexagonal phase. The transition temperature of the TaN deposited on SiO$_{2} $ was found to be more sensitive to the nitrogen pressure during deposition as compared to the TaN deposited on MgO.
Eriophyes phellodendri Berezantsev 1989
Creators: name: XUE, XIAO-FENG
name: WANG, ZHEN
name: SONG, ZI-WEI
name: HONG, XIAO-YUE
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Eriophyidae
Eriophyes
Eriophyes phellodendri

description: Eriophyes phellodendri Berezantsev, 1989
 Eriophyes phellodendri Berezantsev, 1989: 875–881.
 Eriophyes phellodendri; Amrine & Stasny, 1994: 205.
 Host. Phellodendron amurense (Fagaceae).
 Relation to host. Galls.
 Distribution. Russia.
description: Published as part of XUE, XIAO-FENG, WANG, ZHEN, SONG, ZI-WEI & HONG, XIAO-YUE, 2009, Eriophyoid mites on Fagaceae with descriptions of seven new genera and eleven new species (Acari: Eriophyoidea), pp. 1-95 in Zootaxa 2253 (1) on page 24, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2253.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5496215
Tunable nonlocal coupling between Kondo impurities
Creators: name: Tutuc, D.
name: Popescu, B.
name: Schuh, D.
name: Wegscheider, W.
name: Haug, Rolf J.
Publisher: name: College Park, MD : American Physical Society
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: RKKY
subject: quantum dots
subject: magnetic field
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: We study the tuning mechanisms of Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) exchange interaction between two lateral quantum dots in the Kondo regime. At zero magnetic field we observe the expected splitting of the Kondo resonance and estimate the nonlocal coupling strength as a function of the asymmetry between the two Kondo temperatures. At finite magnetic fields a chiral coupling between the quantum dots is observed in the Kondo chessboard and we probe the presence of the exchange interaction by analyzing the Kondo temperature with magnetic field. © 2011 American Physical Society.
Potassium in globular cluster stars: comparing normal clusters to the peculiar cluster NGC 2419
Creators: name: Carretta, Eugenio
name: Gratton, Raffaele
name: Bragaglia, Angela
name: D'Orazi, Valentina
name: Lucatello, Sara
name: Sollima, Antonio
name: Sneden, Chris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two independent studies recently uncovered two distinct populations among giants in the distant, massive globular cluster (GC) NGC 2419. One of these populations has normal magnesium (Mg) and potassium (K) abundances for halo stars: enhanced Mg and roughly solar K. The other population has extremely depleted Mg and very enhanced K. To better anchor the peculiar NGC 2419 chemical composition, we have investigated the behavior of K in a few red giant branch stars in NGC 6752, NGC 6121, NGC 1904, and omega Cen. To verify that the high K abundances are intrinsic and not due to some atmospheric features in giants, we also derived K abundances in less evolved turn-off and subgiant stars of clusters 47 Tuc, NGC 6752, NGC 6397, and NGC 7099. We normalized the K abundance as a function of the cluster metallicity using 21 field stars analyzed in a homogeneous manner. For all GCs of our sample, the stars lie in the K-Mg abundance plane on the same locus occupied by the Mg-normal population in NGC 2419 and by field stars. This holds both for giants and less evolved stars. At present, NGC 2419 seems unique among GCs.
description: 5 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables, uses emulateapj, accepted for publication on the Astrophysical Journal
Thin crystalline macroporous silicon solar cells with ion implanted emitter
Creators: name: Ernst, Marco
name: Schulte-Huxel, Henning
name: Niepelt, Raphael
name: Kajari-Schröder, Sarah
name: Brendel, Rolf
Publisher: name: Amsterdam : Elsevier
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Ion implantation
subject: Kerf-free
subject: Layer transfer
subject: Macroporous silicon
subject: Thin films
subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: We separate a (34 ± 2) μm-thick macroporous Si layer from an n-type Si wafer by means of electrochemical etching. The porosity is p = (26.2 ± 2.4)%. We use ion implantation to selectively dope the outer surfaces of the macroporous Si layer. No masking of the surface is required. The pores are open during the implantation process. We fabricate a macroporous Si solar cell with an implanted boron emitter at the front side and an implanted phosphorus region at the rear side. The short-circuit current density is 34.8 mA cm-2 and the open-circuit voltage is 562 mV. With a fill factor of 69.1% the cell achieves an energy-conversion efficiency of 13.5%.
An Introduction to Gauge Gravity Duality and Its Application in Condensed Matter
Creators: name: Green, Andrew G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The past few years have witnessed a remarkable crossover of string theoretical ideas from the abstract world of geometrical forms to the concrete experimental realm of condensed matter physics. The basis for this --- variously known as holography, the AdS/CFT correspondence or gauge-gravity duality --comes from notions right at the cutting edge of string theory. Nevertheless, the insights afforded can often be expressed in ways very familiar to condensed matter physicists, such as relationships between response functions and new sum rules. The aim of this short, introductory review is to survey the ideas underpinning this crossover, in a way that -- as far as possible -- strips them of sophisticated mathematical formalism, whilst at the same time retaining their fundamental essence. I will sketch the areas in which progress has been made to date and highlight where the challenges and open questions lie. Finally, I will attempt to give a perspective upon these ideas. What contribution can we realistically expect from this approach and how might it be accommodated into the canon of condensed matter theory? Inevitably, any attempt to do this in such a rapidly evolving field will be superseded by events. Nevertheless, I hope that this will provide a useful way to think about gauge-gravity duality and the uncharted directions in which it might take us.
description: Unedited version of article published in Contemporary Physics. Intended for advanced final-year undergraduates
Truncation identities for the small polaron fusion hierarchy
Creators: name: Grabinski, Andre M.
name: Frahm, Holger
Publisher: name: Bristol : IOP Publishing Ltd.
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: open-boundary-conditions
subject: algebraic bethe-ansatz
subject: xxz spin chain
subject: t-q relation
subject: functional relations
subject: lattice models
subject: vertex models
subject: terms
subject: matrices
subject: systems
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: We study a one-dimensional lattice model of interacting spinless fermions. This model is integrable for both periodic and open boundary conditions; the latter case includes the presence of Grassmann valued non-diagonal boundary fields breaking the bulk U(1) symmetry of the model. Starting from the embedding of this model into a graded Yang-Baxter algebra, an infinite hierarchy of commuting transfer matrices is constructed by means of a fusion procedure. For certain values of the coupling constant related to anisotropies of the underlying vertex model taken at roots of unity, this hierarchy is shown to truncate giving a finite set of functional equations for the spectrum of the transfer matrices. For generic coupling constants, the spectral problem is formulated in terms of a functional (or TQ-)equation which can be solved by Bethe ansatz methods for periodic and diagonal open boundary conditions. Possible approaches for the solution of the model with generic non-diagonal boundary fields are discussed.
On the Dirac Monopole Mass Scale
Creators: name: Caruso, Francisco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown, by a semi-classical argument, that the Dirac charge quantization is still valid in the (classical) Born-Infeld electromagnetic theory. Then it is possible to calculate Dirac's monopole mass in the framework of this theory, which is not possible in Maxwell's theory. The existence of an upper limit for the field intensities in this theory plays an important role in this proof.
description: 4 pages
Study of laser cooling in deep optical lattice: two-level quantum model
Creators: name: Prudnikov, O.N.
name: Il'enkov, R.Y.
name: Taichenachev, A.V.
name: Yudin, V.I.
name: Rasel, E.M.
Publisher: name: Bristol : IOP Publishing LTD
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: laser cooling
subject: quantum physics
subject: cooling of atoms
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: We study a possibility of laser cooling of Mg-24 atoms in deep optical lattice formed by intense off-resonant laser field in a presence of cooling field resonant to narrow (3s3s) S-1(0) -> (3s3p) P-3(1) (lambda = 457 nm) optical transition. For description of laser cooling with taking into account quantum recoil effects we consider two quantum models. The first one is based on direct numerical solution of quantum kinetic equation for atom density matrix and the second one is simplified model based on decomposition of atom density matrix over vibration states in the lattice wells. We search cooling field intensity and detuning for minimum cooling energy and fast laser cooling.
Characteristics Analysis and State Transfer for non-Markovian Open Quantum Systems
Creators: name: Cong, Shuang
name: Hu, Longzhen
name: Yang, Fei
name: Liu, Jianxiu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The weak-coupled two-level open quantum system described by non-Markovian Time-convolution-less master equation is investigated in this paper. The cut-off frequency, coupling constant and transition frequency, which impact on the system's decay rate, coherence factor and purity, are investigated. The appropriate parameters used in system simulation experiments are determined by comparing analysis results of different values of parameters for the effects of system performance. The control laws used to transfer the system states are designed on the basis of the Lyapunov stability theorem. Numerical simulation experiments are implemented under the MATLAB environment. The features of the free evolution trajectory of the non-Markovian systems and the states transfer from a pure state to a desired pure state under the action of the proposed control laws are studied, respectively. By comparing the experimental results, the effectiveness of the proposed quantum Lyapunov control method applied to the state transfer in non-Markovian open quantum systems is verified. Meanwhile, the influences of different control parameters and cut-off frequencies on the system performance are analyzed.
description: 17 pages, 10 figures
The N=4 effective action of type IIA supergravity compactified on SU(2)-structure manifolds
Creators: name: Danckaert, Thomas
name: Louis, Jan
name: Martínez-Pedrera, Danny
name: Spanjaard, Bastiaan
name: Triendl, Hagen
Publisher: name: London : Springer Nature
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Particle physics
subject: Effective action
subject: Moduli
subject: Physics
subject: Higher-dimensional supergravity
subject: Compactification (physics)
subject: Gauge group
subject: Quantum electrodynamics
subject: Special unitary group
subject: Antisymmetric tensor
subject: Supergravity
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: We study compactifications of type IIA supergravity on six-dimensional manifolds with SU(2) structure and compute the low-energy effective action in terms of the non-trivial intrinsic torsion. The consistency with gauged \( \mathcal{N} = 4 \) supergravity is established and the gauge group is determined. Depending on the structure of the intrinsic torsion, antisymmetric tensor fields can become massive.
Line Emission from Radiation-Pressurized HII Regions I: Internal Structure and Line Ratios
Creators: name: Yeh, Sherry C. C.
name: Verdolini, Silvia
name: Krumholz, Mark R.
name: Matzner, Christopher D.
name: Tielens, Alexander G. G. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The emission line ratios [OIII]5007/H-beta and [NII]6584/H-alpha have been adopted as an empirical way to distinguish between the fundamentally different mechanisms of ionization in emission-line galaxies. However, detailed interpretation of these diagnostics requires calculations of the internal structure of the emitting HII regions, and these calculations depend on the assumptions one makes about the relative importance of radiation pressure and stellar winds. In this paper we construct a grid of quasi-static HII region models to explore how choices about these parameters alter HII regions' emission line ratios. We find that, when radiation pressure is included in our models, HII regions reach a saturation point beyond which further increases in the luminosity of the driving stars does not produce any further increase in effective ionization parameter, and thus does not yield any further alteration in an HII region's line ratio. We also show that, if stellar winds are assumed to be strong, the maximum possible ionization parameter is quite low. As a result of this effect, it is inconsistent to simultaneously assume that HII regions are wind-blown bubbles and that they have high ionization parameters; some popular HII region models suffer from this inconsistency. Our work in this paper provides a foundation for a companion paper in which we embed the model grids we compute here within a population synthesis code that enables us to compute the integrated line emission from galactic populations of HII regions.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Ranunculus alpestris Hegetschw.
Creators: name: Becherer
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1956
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy

description: C. alpestris Hegetschw. (C. Scabiosa var. alpina Gaudin, C. Scab. ssp. alpestris Kotula, C. Scab. ssp. alpina Briq.) Cat. 210. l: Barberine (Coquoz); Vieux-Emosson (Exk. Soc. Murith.); Alesse (J.). - 2: Zanfleuron am Sanetsch (P.). - 3: Le Clou ob Bovernier (F.); Orsieres (Melly); Mauvoisin (P.); Iserables (Besse); Nendaz (J.); Arolla (Becherer); Val de Zinal (Sulger); Zermatt (J., Becherer). - 4: Binntal (P.).
description: Published as part of Becherer, 1956, Florae Vallesiacae Supplementum, pp. 1-556 in Denkschriften der Schweizerischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 71 on pages 1-556
Eriophyes quercichrysolepis Wilson & Oldfield 1966
Creators: name: XUE, XIAO-FENG
name: WANG, ZHEN
name: SONG, ZI-WEI
name: HONG, XIAO-YUE
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Eriophyidae
Eriophyes
Eriophyes quercichrysolepis

description: Eriophyes quercichrysolepis Wilson & Oldfield, 1966
 Eriophyes quercichrysolepis Wilson & Oldfield, 1966: 587.
 Eriophyes quercichrysolepis; Amrine & Stasny, 1994: 205.
 Eriophyes quercichrysolepis; Baker, et al., 1996: 258.
 Eriophyes quercichrysolepis; Ripka & De Lillo, 1997: 150.
 Host. Quercus chrysolepis, Q. ilex (Fagaceae).
 Relation to host. Inquilines in leaf erinea.
 Distribution. USA, Hungary.
description: Published as part of XUE, XIAO-FENG, WANG, ZHEN, SONG, ZI-WEI & HONG, XIAO-YUE, 2009, Eriophyoid mites on Fagaceae with descriptions of seven new genera and eleven new species (Acari: Eriophyoidea), pp. 1-95 in Zootaxa 2253 (1) on page 24, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2253.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5496215
Über die Anregung von Molekül- und Gitterschwingungen durch den Rückstoß bei Kernprozessen an chemisch gebundenen Atomen
Creators: name: Steinwedel, Helmut
name: Jensen, J. Hans D.
Publisher: name: Berlin : De Gruyter
Year: 1947
Subjects: subject: Doppler-Effekt
subject: radioaktive Kerne
subject: Molekül-und Gitteranregung
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: Die Verteilungsfunktionen für die Molekül- und Gitteranregungen werden berechnet, insbesondere wird der Doppler-Effekt bei tiefen Temperaturen erörtert. Mittelwerte und Streuungen der Energieaufnahmen von Molekül und Gitter ergeben sich bei der quantentheoretischen Rechnung nur unwesentlich geändert gegenüber den Werten, die man bei der sehr einfachen klassischen Behandlung des Problems erhält. Anwendungen auf chemischreaktionskinetische Experimente mit radioaktiven Kernen sollen a. a. 0. besprochen werden.
Wie viel Strahlendosis für wen?: Lange Lagerung, Offenhaltung und ein langer Entsorgungsprozess bedeuten zusätzliche Dosis für Beschäftigte
Creators: name: Walther, Clemens
name: Riemann, Moritz
Publisher: name: München : Oekom - Gesellschaft fuer Oekologische Kommunikation mbH
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Distributive justice
subject: Double standard
subject: Employees
subject: Justification
subject: Radiation dose
subject: Radioactive waste
subject: Storage
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften

description: Bei der Entsorgung hoch radioaktiver Abfälle konkurrieren verschiedene Ansprüche an den Strahlenschutz. Die Umsetzung einer möglichst nachsorgefreien Entsorgungsoption benötigt Zeit, welche eine höhere Strahlenexposition für Beschäftigte an Zwischenlagerstandorten bedeutet. Analoges gilt für die Wahrnehmung einer Rückholungsoption. In beiden Fällen sind Beschäftigte einer höheren Belastung ausgesetzt, um die Expositionsrisiken für die Bevölkerung zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt zu senken. Wir betrachten die Abwägung zwischen verschiedenen Risikogruppen und beleuchten das Problem des double standard bezüglich Beschäftigten und Bevölkerung.
Zur Entstehung der überthermischen kosmischen Radiofrequenzstrahlung
Creators: name: Larenz, R.W.
Publisher: name: Berlin : De Gruyter
Year: 1955
Subjects: subject: kosmische Radiofrequenzstrahlung
subject: Plasmaströmung
subject: Plasmawellen
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: Im Anschluß an frühere Untersuchungen über mit Ladungstrennung verbundene Strömungen großer Amplitude im kompressiblen Plasma wird ein einfacher, auf dem Zusammenwirken von Plasmaströmungen beruhender Mechanismus für die Entstehung der “gestörten” Radiostrahlung ohne Zuhilfenahme statischer Magnetfelder angegeben, der die beobachteten Intensitäten ohne Schwierigkeiten zu erklären gestattet und das gelegentlich festgestellte Auftreten von Harmonischen der Plasmafrequenz verstehen läßt. Im Gegensatz zu bekannten Plasmawellentypen können die aus dem behandelten Mechanismus resultierenden Wellen sich mit der Plasmafrequenz bei endlichem Brechungsindex ausbreiten.
Acalitus lowei Manson 1972
Creators: name: XUE, XIAO-FENG
name: WANG, ZHEN
name: SONG, ZI-WEI
name: HONG, XIAO-YUE
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Eriophyidae
Acalitus
Acalitus lowei

description: Acalitus lowei Manson, 1972
 Acalitus lowei Manson, 1972: 354–357.
 Acalitus lowei; Amrine & Stasny, 1994: 8.
 Host. Nothofagus solandri, N. cliffortioides, N. fusca, N. menziesii, N. truncata (Fagaceae).
 Relation to host. Galls.
 Distribution. New Zealand.
description: Published as part of XUE, XIAO-FENG, WANG, ZHEN, SONG, ZI-WEI & HONG, XIAO-YUE, 2009, Eriophyoid mites on Fagaceae with descriptions of seven new genera and eleven new species (Acari: Eriophyoidea), pp. 1-95 in Zootaxa 2253 (1) on page 25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2253.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5496215
Computing Intrinsic Lyman-alpha Fluxes of F5 V to M5 V Stars
Creators: name: Linsky, Jeffrey L.
name: France, Kevin
name: Ayres, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Lyman-alpha emission line dominates the far-ultraviolet spectra of late-type stars and is a major source for photodissociation of important molecules including H2O, CH4, and CO2 in exoplanet atmospheres. The incident flux in this line illuminating an exoplanet's atmosphere cannot be measured directly as neutral hydrogen in the interstellar medium (ISM) attenuates most of the flux reaching the Earth. Reconstruction of the intrinsic Lyman-alpha line has been accomplished for a limited number of nearby stars, but is not feasible for distant or faint host stars. We identify correlations connecting the intrinsic Lyman-alpha flux with the flux in other emission lines formed in the stellar chromosphere, and find that these correlations depend only gradually on the flux in the other lines. These correlations, which are based on HST spectra, reconstructed Lyman-alpha line fluxes, and irradiance spectra of the quiet and active Sun, are required for photochemical models of exoplanet atmospheres when intrinsic Lyman-alpha fluxes are not available. We find a tight correlation of the intrinsic Lyman-alpha flux with stellar X-ray flux for F5 V to K5 V stars, but much larger dispersion for M stars. We also show that knowledge of the stellar effective temperature and rotation rate can provide reasonably accurate estimates of the Lyman-alpha flux for G and K stars, and less accurate estimates for cooler stars.
description: Accepted by the Astrophysical Journal January 22, 2013: 33 pages, 9 figures
Fast Parallel Algorithms for Submodular $p$-Superseparable Maximization
Creators: name: Cervenjak, Philip
name: Gan, Junhao
name: Wirth, Anthony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Maximizing a non-negative, monontone, submodular function $f$ over $n$ elements under a cardinality constraint $k$ (SMCC) is a well-studied NP-hard problem. It has important applications in, e.g., machine learning and influence maximization. Though the theoretical problem admits polynomial-time approximation algorithms, solving it in practice often involves frequently querying submodular functions that are expensive to compute. This has motivated significant research into designing parallel approximation algorithms in the adaptive complexity model; adaptive complexity (adaptivity) measures the number of sequential rounds of $\text{poly}(n)$ function queries an algorithm requires. The state-of-the-art algorithms can achieve $(1-\frac{1}{e}-\varepsilon)$-approximate solutions with $O(\frac{1}{\varepsilon^2}\log n)$ adaptivity, which approaches the known adaptivity lower-bounds. However, the $O(\frac{1}{\varepsilon^2} \log n)$ adaptivity only applies to maximizing worst-case functions that are unlikely to appear in practice. Thus, in this paper, we consider the special class of $p$-superseparable submodular functions, which places a reasonable constraint on $f$, based on the parameter $p$, and is more amenable to maximization, while also having real-world applicability. Our main contribution is the algorithm LS+GS, a finer-grained version of the existing LS+PGB algorithm, designed for instances of SMCC when $f$ is $p$-superseparable; it achieves an expected $(1-\frac{1}{e}-\varepsilon)$-approximate solution with $O(\frac{1}{\varepsilon^2}\log(p k))$ adaptivity independent of $n$. Additionally, unrelated to $p$-superseparability, our LS+GS algorithm uses only $O(\frac{n}{\varepsilon} + \frac{\log n}{\varepsilon^2})$ oracle queries, which has an improved dependence on $\varepsilon^{-1}$ over the state-of-the-art LS+PGB; this is achieved through the design of a novel thresholding subroutine.
description: 36 pages. To be published in Approximation and Online Algorithms (Proceedings of the 21st International Workshop, WAOA 2023)
Zur Magneto-Hydrodynamik kompressibler Medien
Creators: name: Larenz, R.W.
Publisher: name: Berlin : De Gruyter
Year: 1955
Subjects: subject: Magneto-Hydrodynamik
subject: Plasma
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: In einer konsequenten Theorie des kompressiblen Plasmas muß die Ladungstrennung berücksichtigt werden, besonders dann, wenn makroskopische Geschwindigkeiten auftreten, die mit der Schallgeschwindigkeit vergleichbar oder größer als diese sind. Es wird der Einbau der Ladungstrennung für ein zweikomponentiges Plasma durchgeführt und das System der magneto-hydrodynamischen Gleichungen so umgeformt, daß es nur noch 2 Größen enthält: das Vektorpotential und die Plasmageschwindigkeit. © 1955, Walter de Gruyter. Alle Rechte vorbehalten.