cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Plant intracellular innate immune receptor Resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola 1 (RPM1) is activated at, and functions on, the plasma membrane
Creators: name: Dangl, J. L.
name: Eitas, T. K.
name: Gao, Z.
name: Chung, E.-H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Plants deploy intracellular innate immune receptors to recognize pathogens and initiate disease resistance. These nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR) proteins are activated by pathogen effector proteins that are delivered into the host cell to suppress host defense responses. Little is known about the sites and mechanisms of NB-LRR activation, but some NB-LRR proteins can function inside the plant nucleus. We demonstrate that RPM1 is activated on the plasma membrane and does not relocalize to the nucleus. An autoactive RPM1(D505V) allele that recapitulates key features of normal RPM1 activation also resides on the plasma membrane. There is no detectable relocalization of activated RPM1 to the nucleus. Hindering potential nuclear entry of RPM1-Myc did not affect either its effector-triggered hypersensitive-response (HR) cell death or its disease resistance functions, further suggesting that nuclear translocation is not required for RPM1 function. RPM1 tethered onto the plasma membrane with a dual acylated N-terminal epitope tag retained the ability to mediate HR, consistent with this RPM1 function being activated on the plasma membrane. Plant NB-LRR proteins can thus function at various locations in the cell.
Unconventional charge-density wave in Sr3Ir4Sn13 cubic superconductor revealed by optical spectroscopy study
Creators: name: Fang, A. F.
name: Wang, X. B.
name: Zheng, P.
name: Wang, N. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sr3Ir4Sn13 is an interesting compound showing a coexistence of structural phase transition and superconductivity. The structural phase transition at 147 K leads to the formation of a superlattice. We performed optical spectroscopy measurements across the structural phase transition on single crystal sample of Sr3Ir4Sn13. The optical spectroscopy study reveals an unusual temperature induced spectral weight transfer over broad energy scale, yielding evidence for the presence of electron correlation effect. Below the structural phase transition temperature an energy gap-like suppression in optical conductivity was observed, leading to the removal of partial itinerant carriers near Fermi level. Unexpectedly, the suppression appears at much higher energy scale than that expected for a usual charge density wave phase transition.
description: Accepted for Publication in Physical Review B
Proton-coupled electron transfer at modified electrodes by multiple pathways
Creators: name: Chen, Z.
name: Jurss, J. W.
name: Vannucci, A. K.
name: Meyer, T. J.
name: Concepcion, J. J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Contributed by Thomas J. Meyer, October 20, 2011 (sent for review August 5, 2011)
Reaction mechanism of Drosophila cryptochrome
Creators: name: Annayev, Y.
name: Ozturk, N.
name: Selby, C. P.
name: Zhong, D.
name: Sancar, A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Cryptochrome (CRY) is a blue-light sensitive flavoprotein that functions as the primary circadian photoreceptor in Drosophila melanogaster. The mechanism by which it transmits the light signal to the core clock circuitry is not known. We conducted in vitro studies on the light-induced conformational change in CRY and its effect on protein–protein interaction and performed in vivo analysis of the lifetime of the signaling state of the protein to gain some insight into the mechanism of phototransduction. We find that exposure of CRY to blue light induces a conformation similar to that of the constitutively active CRY mutant with a C-terminal deletion (CRYΔ). This light-induced conformation has a half-life of ∼15 min in the dark at 25 °C and is characterized by increased affinity to Jetlag E3 ligase. In vivo analysis reveals that in the Drosophila S2 cell line, the signaling state induced by a millisecond light exposure has a half-life of 27 min in the dark at 0 °C during which period it is susceptible to degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. These findings lead to a plausible model for circadian photoreception/phototransduction in Drosophila.
Global Mountains
Creators: name: Sayre, Roger
Publisher: name: GEO Knowledge Hub
Year: 2022
Subjects: mapping global mountains
mountain extents
mountain definitions
mountains GIS data
population in mountains
mountain ecosystems
mountain protected areas
mountain conservation priority setting

description: The Global Mountains resource is a 250m global raster data layer which identifies four classes of mountains: High Mountains, Low Mountains, Scattered High Mountains, and Scattered Low Mountains. The mountains data were extracted as a subset of the global Hammond Landforms data layer which was developed using a 250 m global digital elevation model (DEM) and feature-based extraction algorithms using raster processing and variable neighborhood analysis window (NAW) sizes. Of the 16 Hammond Landforms that were mapped, four were mountain classes. E. H. Hammond was a pioneer of landform mapping and identified three parameters for distinguishing different types of plains, hills, mountains, and tablelands: 1) slope, 2) relative relief, and 3) profile, where the profile parameter assesses the amount of relatively flat terrain in upland locations to delineate tablelands. The global mountains layer produced from the Hammond landforms analysis is called the K3 mountains layer, and joins two other widely recognized global mountain extent data layers which are called K1 and K2. The use of the K1, K2, and K3 labels stems from the fact that the last name of the primary developer of these resources happens to begin with the letter K (i.e. Kapos, for K1; Koerner, for K2; and Karagulle, for K3). In addition to the data, the Global Mountains GEO Knowledge Hub also contains other knowledge products (publications, online explorer tools, etc.) related to the Global Mountains resource.
Effective interaction between a colloid and a soft interface near criticality
Creators: name: Law, Adam D.
name: Harnau, Ludger
name: Troendle, Matthias
name: Dietrich, Siegfried
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within mean-field theory we determine the universal scaling function for the effective force acting on a single colloid located near the interface between two coexisting liquid phases of a binary liquid mixture close to its critical consolute point. This is the first study of critical Casimir forces emerging from the confinement of a fluctuating medium by at least one soft interface, instead by rigid walls only as studied previously. For this specific system, our semi-analytical calculation illustrates that knowledge of the colloid-induced, deformed shape of the interface allows one to accurately describe the effective interaction potential between the colloid and the interface. Moreover, our analysis demonstrates that the critical Casimir force involving a deformable interface is accurately described by a universal scaling function, the shape of which differs from that one for rigid walls.
description: 19 pages, 11 figures
Regulation of apoptosis by the circadian clock through NF- B signaling
Creators: name: Lee, J. H.
name: Sancar, A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: In mice and humans the circadian rhythm of many biochemical reactions, physiology, and behavior is generated by a transcriptional-translation feedback loop (TTFL) made up of the so-called core clock genes/proteins. The circadian system interfaces with most signaling pathways including those involved in cell proliferation and inflammation. Cryptochrome (CRY) is a core clock protein that plays an essential role in the repressive arm of the TTFL. It was recently reported that mutation of CRY in p53-null mice delayed the onset of cancer. It was therefore suggested that CRY mutation may activate p53-independent apoptosis pathways, which eliminate premalignant and malignant cells and thus delay overt tumor formation. Here we show that CRY mutation sensitizes p53 mutant and oncogenically transformed cells to tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-initiated apoptosis by interfacing with the NF-κB signaling pathway through the GSK3β kinase and alleviating prosurvival NF-κB signaling. These findings provide a mechanistic foundation for the delayed onset of tumorigenesis in clock-disrupted p53 mutant mice and suggest unique therapeutic strategies for treating cancers associated with p53 mutation.
Role for the actomyosin complex in regulated exocytosis revealed by intravital microscopy
Creators: name: Masedunskas, A.
name: Amornphimoltham, P.
name: Parente, L.
name: Sales, K. U.
name: Weigert, R.
name: Bugge, T. H.
name: Sramkova, M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: The regulation and the dynamics of membrane trafficking events have been studied primarily in in vitro models that often do not fully reflect the functional complexity found in a living multicellular organism. Here we used intravital microscopy in the salivary glands of live rodents to investigate regulated exocytosis, a fundamental process in all of the secretory organs. We found that β-adrenergic stimulation elicits exocytosis of large secretory granules, which gradually collapse with the apical plasma membrane without any evidence of compound exocytosis, as was previously described. Furthermore, we show that the driving force required to complete the collapse of the granules is provided by the recruitment of F-actin and nonmuscle myosin II on the granule membranes that is triggered upon fusion with the plasma membrane. Our results provide information on the machinery controlling regulated secretion and show that intravital microscopy provides unique opportunities to address fundamental questions in cell biology under physiological conditions.
Theoretical Intersections: Using CRT and Afropessimism to Understand the Current Bans on CRT
Creators: name: Masta, Stephanie
name: Grant, Janelle
name: Holly, James
Publisher: name: Peter Lang, International Academic Publishers
Year: 2022

description: Abstract: Within the last two years, politicians, school boards, university leaders, and community members have fervently attacked Critical Race Theory as being racist, divisive, and wrong. Supporters of CRT argue the opposite – that CRT is an important tool for examining how racial power is reinforced within the United States, particularly around white supremacy. However, what is truly at the root of CRT bans is antiblackness, a concept not directly addressed by CRT. In this article, we bring CRT into conversation with Afropessimism to outline how the intersection between CRT and Afropessimism offers a structure to understand why the push for CRT bans is so strong.
LEGAL EFFECT OF THE EMERGENCE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK OF NIGERIAN OIL INDUSTRY
Creators: name: Simon, Ejokema Imoisi PhD
name: Sunday, Iyemeake
Publisher: name: ZAP Journal
Year: 2024
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence (AI), Legal implications, Technological innovation, Data privacy, Nigerian Oil Industry

description: The Nigerian oil industry stands at a pivotal juncture as it grapples with the emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies that promise, to revolutionize its operational efficiencies and decision-making processes. The aim of this paper is to examine the legal effect of the emergency of Artificial Intelligence on the Nigeria Oil Industry’s regulatory framework. This paper examines the legal implications of integrating AI technologies into the regulatory framework governing the Nigeria's oil sector. This study aims to elucidate the complex interplay between technological innovation and legal governance within the oil industry in Nigeria by examining the existing regulatory landscape alongside AI’s evolving role. Through an extensive review of the literature, this research illuminates the multifaceted nature of AI applications in the Nigerian oil industry, spanning areas such as exploration, production optimization, safety monitoring, and environmental compliance. These technological advancements raise profound legal questions about liability, accountability, data privacy, and regulatory oversight. This study highlights the need for adaptive regulatory mechanisms capable of effectively addressing the challenges posed by AI while harnessing its potential benefits. This research identified the key challenges confronting the Nigerian oil industry's regulatory framework in the era of AI proliferation. These challenges encompass issues related to regulatory compliance, the standardization of AI technologies, the protection of intellectual property rights, and the provision of equitable access to AI-driven innovations. This study also explores opportunities to leverage AI to enhance regulatory efficiency, transparency, and responsiveness to dynamic industry dynamics. This study recommends strategies for capacity-building, stakeholder engagement, regulatory reform, and the establishment of ethical guidelines for AI deployment
NIH 3T3 Fibroblast Phase Contrast Segmentation (Usiigaci-Mask R-CNN)
Creators: name: Gajda, Joanna
name: Sloan, Tyler F.W.
name: Hsieh-Fu Tsai
name: Rares, Andrei
name: Shen, Amy Q.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: bioimage.io
bioimage.io:model
deepimagej
usiigaci
phase-contrast
fibroblasts
maskrcnn
2d
segmentation
deepimagej-beta

description: Download RDF Package
Intended Use A Mask R-CNN trained to detect and segment cells in 2D images. Images Microscopy modality: Phase contrast Data shape: 2D Cell type: Fibroblast (NIH/3T3) in electrotaxis Source: Usiigaci Caveats and Recommendations This model is only compatible with the beta release of deepImageJ. The model is provided as a usecase for deepImageJ. For its integration in image processing workflows it has should be fine-tuned and validated.
description: Trained model given in Usiigaci for instance segmentation of cells in a 2D substrate and phase contrast microscopy images. The model is a Mask R-CNN and the input is preprocessed to get an RGB image from the grayscale image. (Uploaded via https://bioimage.io)
Structural equation models and the quantification of behavior
Creators: name: Noble, M. D.
name: Bollen, K. A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Quantifying behavior often involves using variables that contain measurement errors and formulating multiequations to capture the relationship among a set of variables. Structural equation models (SEMs) refer to modeling techniques popular in the social and behavioral sciences that are equipped to handle multiequation models, multiple measures of concepts, and measurement error. This work provides an overview of latent variable SEMs. We present the equations for SEMs and the steps in modeling, and we provide three illustrations of SEMs. We suggest that the general nature of the model is capable of handling a variety of problems in the quantification of behavior, where the researcher has sufficient knowledge to formulate hypotheses.
A White Dwarf-Main Sequence Binary Unveiled by Time-Domain Observations from LAMOST and TESS
Creators: name: Zheng, Ling-Lin
name: Gu, Wei-Min
name: Sun, Mouyuan
name: Zhang, Zhixiang
name: Yi, Tuan
name: Wu, Jianfeng
name: Wang, Junfeng
name: Fu, Jin-Bo
name: Qi, Sen-Yu
name: Yang, Fan
name: Wang, Song
name: Wang, Liang
name: Bai, Zhongrui
name: Zhang, Haotong
name: Li, Chun-Qian
name: Shi, Jian-Rong
name: Zong, Weikai
name: Bai, Yu
name: Liu, Jifeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a single-lined white dwarf-main sequence binary system, LAMOST J172900.17+652952.8, which is discovered by LAMOST's medium resolution time-domain surveys. The radial velocity semi-amplitude and orbital period of the optical visible star are measured by using the Palomar 200-inch telescope follow-up observations and the light curves from TESS. Thus the mass function of the invisible candidate white dwarf is derived, $f(M_{\rm{2}}) = 0.120\,\pm\,0.003\,M_{\odot}$. The mass of the visible star is measured based on the spectral energy distribution fitting, $M_{\mathrm{1}}$ = $0.81^{+0.07}_{-0.06}\,M_{\odot}$. Hence, the mass of its invisible companion is $M_{\rm{2}}\,\gtrsim\,0.63\,M_{\odot}$. The companion ought to be a compact object rather than a main-sequence star owing to the mass ratio $q = M_{\rm{2}} / M_{\rm 1} \gtrsim 0.78$ and the single-lined spectra. The compact object is likely to be a white dwarf except for small inclination angle, $i\,\lesssim\,40^{\circ}$. By using the GALEX NUV flux, the effective temperature of the white dwarf candidate is constrained as $T_{\rm eff}^{\rm WD}\,\lesssim\,12000-13500$ K. It is difficult to detect white dwarfs which are outshone by their bright companions via single-epoch optical spectroscopic surveys. Therefore, the optical time-domain surveys can play an important role in unveiling invisible white dwarfs and other compact objects in binaries.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures, ApJ, 936, 33
GEO Data Sharing and Data Management Principles
Creators: name: GEO Data Working Group
Publisher: name: GEO Knowledge Hub
Year: 2022
Subjects: GEO Data Management Principles
GEO Data Sharing
Guideline
Data Management
Discoverability
Accessibility
Usability

description: GEO Data Sharing Principles
Data Sharing is a pre-requisite for building an effective Global Earth Observation System of Systems. It is the backbone of the abiding GEO vision "a future wherein decisions and actions for the benefit of humankind are informed by coordinated, comprehensive and sustained Earth observations and information."
GEO recognizes that the societal benefits arising from Earth observations can only be fully achieved through the sharing of data, information, knowledge, products and services.
https://www.earthobservations.org/dswg.php
The GEO Data Management Principles build on the GEO Data Sharing Principles in the sense that they adumbrate what is required in terms of data management to allow data to be shared as Open Data, promptly and at minimum cost.  Good data management implies a number of activities which ensure that data are discoverable and accessible, that they may be understood and used, and that they are looked after in the long term.
A priority mission for GEO is to encourage the implementation of the Principles by organizations contributing to GEOSS.
Synthesis and receptor profiling of Stemona alkaloid analogues reveal a potent class of sigma ligands
Creators: name: Neuenswander, B.
name: Frankowski, K. J.
name: Evans, J. M.
name: Roth, B. L.
name: Aube, J.
name: Setola, V.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Reported biological activities of Stemona natural products, such as antitussive activity, inspired the development of synthetic methods to access several alkaloids within this family and in so doing develop a general route to the core skeleta shared by the class of natural products. The chemistry was subsequently adapted to afford a series of analogue sets bearing simplified, diverse Stemona-inspired skeleta. Over 100 of these analogues were subjected to general G protein-coupled receptor profiling along with the known antitussive compound, neostenine; this led to the identification of hit compounds targeting several receptor types. The particularly rich hit subset for sigma receptors was expanded with two focused library sets, which resulted in the discovery of a fully synthetic, potent chemotype of sigma ligands. This collaborative effort combined the development of synthetic methods with extensive, flexible screening resources and exemplifies the role of natural products in bioactivity mining.
NIH-3T3 Fibroblast Phase Contrast Segmentation (Usiigaci-Mask R-CNN)
Creators: name: Gajda, Joanna
name: Sloan, Tyler F.W.
name: Hsieh-Fu Tsai
name: Rares, Andrei
name: Shen, Amy Q.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: bioimage.io
bioimage.io:model
deepimagej
usiigaci
phase-contrast
fibroblasts
maskrcnn
2d
segmentation
deepimagej-beta

description: Download RDF Package
Intended Use A Mask R-CNN trained to detect and segment cells in 2D images. Images Microscopy modality: Phase contrast Data shape: 2D Cell type: Fibroblast (NIH/3T3) in electrotaxis Source: Usiigaci Caveats and Recommendations This model is only compatible with the beta release of deepImageJ. The model is provided as a usecase for deepImageJ. For its integration in image processing workflows it has should be fine-tuned and validated.
description: Trained model given in Usiigaci for instance segmentation of cells in a 2D substrate and phase contrast microscopy images. The model is a Mask R-CNN and the input is preprocessed to get an RGB image from the grayscale image. (Uploaded via https://bioimage.io)
DeViT: Deformed Vision Transformers in Video Inpainting
Creators: name: Cai, Jiayin
name: Li, Changlin
name: Tao, Xin
name: Yuan, Chun
name: Tai, Yu-Wing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper proposes a novel video inpainting method. We make three main contributions: First, we extended previous Transformers with patch alignment by introducing Deformed Patch-based Homography (DePtH), which improves patch-level feature alignments without additional supervision and benefits challenging scenes with various deformation. Second, we introduce Mask Pruning-based Patch Attention (MPPA) to improve patch-wised feature matching by pruning out less essential features and using saliency map. MPPA enhances matching accuracy between warped tokens with invalid pixels. Third, we introduce a Spatial-Temporal weighting Adaptor (STA) module to obtain accurate attention to spatial-temporal tokens under the guidance of the Deformation Factor learned from DePtH, especially for videos with agile motions. Experimental results demonstrate that our method outperforms recent methods qualitatively and quantitatively and achieves a new state-of-the-art.
Templated nucleoside triphosphate binding to a noncatalytic site on RNA polymerase regulates transcription
Creators: name: Kennedy, S. R.
name: Erie, D. A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: The regulation of RNA synthesis by RNA polymerase (RNAP) is essential for proper gene expression. Crystal structures of RNAP reveal two channels: the main channel that contains the downstream DNA and a secondary channel that leads directly to the catalytic site. Although nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) have been seen only in the catalytic site and the secondary channel in these structures, several models of transcription elongation, based on biochemical studies, propose that template-dependent binding of NTPs in the main channel regulates RNA synthesis. These models, however, remain controversial. We used transient state kinetics and a mutant of RNAP to investigate the role of the main channel in regulating nucleotide incorporation. Our data indicate that a NTP specific for the i + 2 template position can bind to a noncatalytic site and increase the rate of RNA synthesis and that the NTP bound to this site can be shuttled directly into the catalytic site. We also identify fork loop 2, which lies across from the downstream DNA, as a functional component of this site. Taken together, our data support the existence of a noncatalytic template-specific NTP binding site in the main channel that is involved in the regulation of nucleotide incorporation. NTP binding to this site could promote high-fidelity processive synthesis under a variety of environmental conditions and allow DNA sequence-mediated regulatory signals to be communicated to the active site.
Experimental study of time series forecasting methods for groundwater level prediction
Creators: name: Mbouopda, Michael Franklin
name: Guyet, Thomas
name: Labroche, Nicolas
name: Henriot, Abel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Groundwater level prediction is an applied time series forecasting task with important social impacts to optimize water management as well as preventing some natural disasters: for instance, floods or severe droughts. Machine learning methods have been reported in the literature to achieve this task, but they are only focused on the forecast of the groundwater level at a single location. A global forecasting method aims at exploiting the groundwater level time series from a wide range of locations to produce predictions at a single place or at several places at a time. Given the recent success of global forecasting methods in prestigious competitions, it is meaningful to assess them on groundwater level prediction and see how they are compared to local methods. In this work, we created a dataset of 1026 groundwater level time series. Each time series is made of daily measurements of groundwater levels and two exogenous variables, rainfall and evapotranspiration. This dataset is made available to the communities for reproducibility and further evaluation. To identify the best configuration to effectively predict groundwater level for the complete set of time series, we compared different predictors including local and global time series forecasting methods. We assessed the impact of exogenous variables. Our result analysis shows that the best predictions are obtained by training a global method on past groundwater levels and rainfall data.
GEO Data Sharing and Data Management Principles
Creators: name: GEO Data Working Group
Publisher: name: GEO Knowledge Hub
Year: 2023
Subjects: GEO Data Management Principles
GEO Data Sharing
Guideline
Data Management
Discoverability
Accessibility
Usability

description: GEO Data Sharing Principles
Data Sharing is a pre-requisite for building an effective Global Earth Observation System of Systems. It is the backbone of the abiding GEO vision "a future wherein decisions and actions for the benefit of humankind are informed by coordinated, comprehensive and sustained Earth observations and information."
GEO recognizes that the societal benefits arising from Earth observations can only be fully achieved through the sharing of data, information, knowledge, products and services.
https://www.earthobservations.org/dswg.php
The GEO Data Management Principles build on the GEO Data Sharing Principles in the sense that they adumbrate what is required in terms of data management to allow data to be shared as Open Data, promptly and at minimum cost.  Good data management implies a number of activities which ensure that data are discoverable and accessible, that they may be understood and used, and that they are looked after in the long term.
A priority mission for GEO is to encourage the implementation of the Principles by organizations contributing to GEOSS.
The chromatin-remodeling enzyme BRG1 modulates vascular Wnt signaling at two levels
Creators: name: Griffin, C. T.
name: Muthukumar, V.
name: Curtis, C. D.
name: Magnuson, T.
name: Davis, R. B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: The ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling enzyme brahma-related gene 1 (BRG1) regulates transcription of specific target genes during embryonic and postnatal development. Deletion of Brg1 from embryonic blood vessels results in yolk sac vascular remodeling defects. We now report that misregulation of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway underlies many Brg1 mutant vascular phenotypes. Brg1 deletion resulted in down-regulation of several Wnt receptors of the frizzled family, degradation of the intracellular Wnt signaling molecule β-catenin, and an overall decrease in Wnt signaling in endothelial cells. Pharmacological stabilization of β-catenin significantly rescued Brg1 mutant vessel morphology and transcription of Wnt target genes. Our data demonstrate that BRG1 impacts the canonical Wnt pathway at two different levels in vascular endothelium: through transcriptional regulation of both Wnt receptor genes and Wnt target genes. These findings establish an epigenetic mechanism for the modulation of Wnt signaling during embryonic vascular development.
Counteracting Dysconscious Racism and Ableism Through Fieldwork: Applying DisCrit Classroom Ecology in Early Childhood Personnel Preparation
Creators: name: Hancock, Christine L
name: Morgan, Chelsea W
name: Holly, James
Publisher: name: SAGE Publications
Year: 2021
Subjects: Pediatric
4 Quality Education

description: Early childhood personnel preparation programs must prepare future early educators who can counteract racism and ableism to provide all children with an equitable and just education. We applied Dis/ability Critical Race Theory (DisCrit) Classroom Ecology to early childhood and specifically to preschool settings. We argue that early childhood personnel preparation programs can utilize this framework to prepare preservice early educators to facilitate more equitable experiences for Children of Color with disabilities and their families. We discuss the importance of preparing future early educators to counteract racism and ableism through their fieldwork experiences. We also provide a brief overview of DisCrit in relation to early childhood personnel preparation and present DisCrit Classroom Ecology to apply the framework components to preschool fieldwork.
Using mechanobiological mimicry of red blood cells to extend circulation times of hydrogel microparticles
Creators: name: Luft, J. C.
name: Shields, A. R.
name: Zamboni, W. C.
name: Herlihy, K. P.
name: Jones, S. W.
name: Bear, J. E.
name: Napier, M.
name: Wang, A. Z.
name: Merkel, T. J.
name: DeSimone, J. M.
name: Kersey, F. R.
name: Wu, H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: It has long been hypothesized that elastic modulus governs the biodistribution and circulation times of particles and cells in blood; however, this notion has never been rigorously tested. We synthesized hydrogel microparticles with tunable elasticity in the physiological range, which resemble red blood cells in size and shape, and tested their behavior in vivo. Decreasing the modulus of these particles altered their biodistribution properties, allowing them to bypass several organs, such as the lung, that entrapped their more rigid counterparts, resulting in increasingly longer circulation times well past those of conventional microparticles. An 8-fold decrease in hydrogel modulus correlated to a greater than 30-fold increase in the elimination phase half-life for these particles. These results demonstrate a critical design parameter for hydrogel microparticles.
The spectroscopic challenges of sulfur
Creators: name: Lucertini, Francesca
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Alpha-elements can be used as cosmic clocks to constrain both stellar nucleosynthesis and galaxy's formation history.
 Sulfur is the outcast alpha-element. Indeed, its analysis is often skipped in favor of the other alpha-elements, which are less complicated to measure. The challenges in question are the weakness of optical sulfur lines, the contamination due to telluric lines, and the deviation from local-thermodynamic equilibrium of near-infrared sulfur lines. Consequently, the behavior of sulfur has been mainly investigated in the solar neighborhood and a few stellar clusters.
 Being volatile, sulfur is the proxy of alpha-elements for high-redshift systems. In fact, its abundances measured in local stars and gaseous phase in the far Universe (as Damped Ly-alpha systems, DLA) can be directly compared. These kinds of studies are relevant to understand the formation and evolution of galaxies, since DLAs have been proposed as progenitors of dwarf galaxies (i.e. the Milky Way building blocks). However, the Sculptor dwarf galaxy is the only extragalactic system for which sulfur abundances have been measured in stellar atmospheres.
 This talk aims to show new outcomes on the sulfur behavior in the Milky Way major components. The results for 74 bulge stars, 21/30 thick/thin-disk stars and 24 halo stars observed with FLAMES/UVES@VLT will be presented. It will be shown that the chemical evolution of the Milky Way traced by sulfur provides clues on the formation of our Galaxy.
description: {"references": ["Lucertini et al. (2022), 2022A&A...657A..29L", "Lucertini et al. (2023), 2023A&A...671A.137L"]}
title: Foreigners’ Portrayal in Russian Film over 1924-53 and 1991-Present
Creators: name: Walters, Thomas
Publisher: name: University of Central Lancashire
Year: 2024

description: The Russian film industry has changed dramatically since Stalin ruled the communist Soviet Union from 1924 to 1953, with a new capitalist system in the post-Soviet period from 1991 to present day changing the motives for making these films as well as changing the way characters are depicted. This study analyses the subject matter through the prism of cultural studies, going beyond narrative content and an analysis of the Russian film industry to identify trends and differences in how foreign characters are portrayed in Russian films during these two periods. A binary representation of foreigners as heroes and villains is demonstrated by applying theories including Hall’s Representation, Barthes’ Mythology and Bakhtin’s Dialogical Theory. The study reveals that there are generally negative portrayals of foreigners in Stalinist film that stemmed from the dominant ideology of socialist realism, with mixed portrayals in the post-Soviet period that coincide with a more balanced portrayal of Russian characters. This is attributed to propagandic motives for making the films changing to fiscal ones, motives that changed from influencing the audience to showing them what they want to see.
Exploring the Perceived Relevance of University Mathematics Studies by First-Semester Teaching Students
Creators: name: Büdenbender-Kuklinski, Christiane
name: Hochmuth, Reinhard
name: Liebendörfer, Michael
Publisher: name: New York, NY : Springer
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cluster analysis
subject: Mathematics teacher education
subject: Relevance model
subject: Secondary-tertiary transition
subject: Study satisfaction
subject: Support measures
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::510 | Mathematik

description: As earlier research results suggest that many mathematics teaching students criticize a missing relevance in their studies, we explore explanations and interrelationships of their relevance assessments. We aim at finding out how one could support the students in attributing relevance to their study programs. A two-fold model for relevance assessments in mathematics teacher education is proposed, consisting of relevance content and relevance reasons. We investigate students' relevance perceptions of mathematical topics and of topics’ complexities, as well as their rating of individual and societal/ vocational relevance reasons, all in relation to their perception of the relevance of their overall program of study. Contrary to earlier research findings, our results suggest that mathematics teaching students already do attribute relevance to many content areas and that a preparation for the teaching profession is not the only reason for them to assign relevance. There also seem to be many students who would attribute relevance if they could develop as individuals and pursue their interests. We suggest that giving students opportunities to set individual priorities in their studies could hence support their relevance assessments. As low relevance assessments seem to be connected to students’ motivational problems, students might profit from motivational support, as well.
Analysis on Semihypergroups: Function Spaces, Homomorphisms and Ideals
Creators: name: Bandyopadhyay, Choiti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 43A62, 43A60, 43A10, 43A99, 20E06

description: The main purpose of this article is to initiate a systematic study of Semihypergroups, first introduced by C. Dunkl [4], I. Jewett [13] and R. Spector [20] independently around 1972. We introduce and study several natural algebraic and analytic structures on semihypergroups, which are well-known in the case of topological groups and semigroups. In particular, we first study almost periodic and weakly almost periodic function spaces (basic properties, their relation to the compactness of the underlying space, introversion and Arens product on their duals among others). We then introduce homomorphisms and ideals, and thereby examine their behaviour (basic properties, structure of the kernel and relation of amenability to minimal ideals) in order to gain insight into the structure of a Semihypergroup itself. In the process, we further investigate where and why this theory deviates from the classical theory of semigroups.
description: 26 Pages, comments are welcome
Computational vs. qualitative: analyzing different approaches in identifying networked frames during the Covid-19 crisis
Creators: name: Kermani, Hossein
name: Makou, Alireza Bayat
name: Tafreshi, Amirali
name: Ghodsi, Amir Mohamad
name: Atashzar, Ali
name: Nojoumi, Ali
Publisher: name: London [u.a.] : Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: automated text analysis
subject: coronavirus
subject: framing analysis
subject: Iran
subject: Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA)
subject: qualitative analysis
subject: Topic modeling
subject: twitter
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie

description: Despite the increasing adaption of automated text analysis in communication studies, its strengths and weaknesses in framing analysis are so far unknown. Fewer efforts have been made to automatic detection of networked frames. Drawing on the recent developments in this field, we harness a comparative exploration, using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) and a human-driven qualitative coding process on three different samples. Samples were comprised of a dataset of 4,165,177 million tweets collected from Iranian Twittersphere during the Coronavirus crisis, from 21 January, 2020 to 29 April, 2020. Findings showed that while LDA is reliable in identifying the most prominent networked frames, it misses to detects less dominant frames. Our investigation also confirmed that LDA works better on larger datasets and lexical semantics. Finally, we argued that LDA could give us some primary intuitions, but qualitative interpretations are indispensable for understanding the deeper layers of meaning.
MPEC 2023-D65 : 2023 DT
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 DT

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Anti-Arrhenius cleavage of covalent bonds in bottlebrush macromolecules on substrate
Creators: name: Matyjaszewski, K.
name: Lebedeva, N. V.
name: Sun, F. C.
name: Nese, A.
name: Sheiko, S. S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Spontaneous degradation of bottlebrush macromolecules on aqueous substrates was monitored by atomic force microscopy. Scission of C─C covalent bonds in the brush backbone occurred due to steric repulsion between the adsorbed side chains, which generated bond tension on the order of several nano-Newtons. Unlike conventional chemical reactions, the rate of bond scission was shown to decrease with temperature. This apparent anti-Arrhenius behavior was caused by a decrease in the surface energy of the underlying substrate upon heating, which results in a corresponding decrease of bond tension in the adsorbed macromolecules. Even though the tension dropped minimally from 2.16 to 1.89 nN, this was sufficient to overpower the increase in the thermal energy (kBT) in the Arrhenius equation. The rate constant of the bond-scission reaction was measured as a function of temperature and surface energy. Fitting the experimental data by a perturbed Morse potential V = V0(1 - e-βx)2 - fx, we determined the depth and width of the potential to be V0 = 141 ± 19 kJ/mol and β-1 = 0.18 ± 0.03 Å, respectively. Whereas the V0 value is in reasonable agreement with the activation energy Ea = 80–220 kJ/mol of mechanical and thermal degradation of organic polymers, it is significantly lower than the dissociation energy of a C─C bond De = 350 kJ/mol. Moreover, the force constant Kx = 2β2V0 = 1.45 ± 0.36 kN/m of a strained bottlebrush along its backbone is markedly larger than the force constant of a C─C bond Kl = 0.44 kN/m, which is attributed to additional stiffness due to deformation of the side chains.
The Unity of Robustness: Why Agreement Across Model Reports is Just as Valuable as Agreement Among Experiments
Creators: name: Dethier, Corey
Publisher: name: Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V.
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::100 | Philosophie

description: A number of philosophers of science have argued that there are important differences between robustness in modeling and experimental contexts, and—in particular—many of them have claimed that the former is non-confirmatory. In this paper, I argue for the opposite conclusion: robust hypotheses are confirmed under conditions that do not depend on the differences between and models and experiments—that is, the degree to which the robust hypothesis is confirmed depends on precisely the same factors in both situations. The positive argument turns on the fact that confirmation theory doesn’t recognize a difference between different sources of evidence. Most of the paper is devoted to rebutting various objections designed to show that it should. I end by explaining why philosophers of science have (often) gone wrong on this point.
Andrea Virginás: Film Genres in Hungarian and Romanian Cinema: History, Theory, Reception
Creators: name: Durys, Elżbieta
Publisher: name: Apparatus. Film, Media and Digital Cultures of Central and Eastern Europe
Year: 2022

description: Film Genres in Hungarian and Romanian Cinema: History, Theory, Reception marks the differences in the ways genre theory and criticism are used in contemporary Eastern European small national cinemas. Andrea Virginás is eager to discuss and problematise the convergence of the art and the popular in national cinemas. What is more, she proposes a new approach, perspective, and tools to deal with issues some scholars have overlooked as too challenging.
description: Apparatus. Film, Media and Digital Cultures of Central and Eastern Europe, No. 15 (2022)
Ecological Coastal Units (ECUs)
Creators: name: Sayre, Roger
Publisher: name: GEO Knowledge Hub
Year: 2022
Subjects: global ecosystems
coastal ecosystems
coastline characterization
shoreline mapping
coastal ecosystem conservation

description: The Ecological Coastal Units resource was produced by the U.S. Geological Survey and Esri in a collaboration with the Marine Biodiversity Observation Network (MBON) of the Group on Earth Observations Biodiversity Observation Network (GEO BON). A 30 m resolution global shoreline vector (GSV) that was produced from a semi-automated interpretation of every 2014 Landsat scene that contained a coastline was segmented into 4,000,000 one kilometer segments. Each of the four million segments was then attributed with values from ten variables that describe the ecological setting within which the coastline occurs. As a global inventory of coastline characteristics, 81,000 distinct coastal segment units (CSUs) were identified as unique combinations of the values of the ten ecological settings variables. The four million segments were also statistically clustered to produce 16 groups of coastline types that were globally similar. These clustered groups were called ecological coastal units (ECUs). The CSU and ECU data now permit rigorous comparison of coastal settings within and between sites at local, regional, national, continental, and global scales. . In addition to the data, the Ecological Coasdtal Units GEO Knowledge Hub also contains other knowledge products (publications, online explorer tools, etc.) related to the ECUs and CSUs resource.
Migration and Growth of Protoplanetary Embryos II: Emergence of Proto-Gas-Giants Cores versus Super Earths' Progenitor
Creators: name: Liu, Beibei
name: Zhang, Xiaojia
name: Lin, Douglas N. C.
name: Aarseth, Sverre J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nearly $15-20%$ of solar type stars contain one or more gas giant planet. According to the core-accretion scenario, the acquisition of their gaseous envelope must be preceded by the formation of super-critical cores with masses ten times or larger than that of the Earth. It is natural to link the formation probability of gas giant planets with the supply of gas and solid in their natal disks. However, a much richer population of super Earths suggests that 1) there is no shortage of planetary building-block material, 2) gas giants' growth barrier is probably associated with whether they can merge into super-critical cores, and 3) super Earths are probably failed cores which did not attain sufficient mass to initiate efficient accretion of gas before it is severely depleted. Here we construct a model based on the hypothesis that protoplanetary embryos migrated extensively before they were assembled into bona fide planets. We construct a Hermite-Embryo code based on a unified viscous-irradiation disk model and a prescription for the embryo-disk tidal interaction. This code is used to simulate 1) the convergent migration of embryos, and 2) their close encounters and coagulation. Around the progenitors of solar-type stars, the progenitor super-critical-mass cores of gas giant planets primarily form in protostellar disks with relatively high ($\gtrsim 10^{-7} M_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$) mass accretion rates whereas systems of super Earths (failed cores) are more likely to emerge out of natal disks with modest mass accretion rates, due to the mean motion resonance barrier and retention efficiency.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Katalin Fábián, Janet Elise Johnson, Mara Lazda (eds.): The Routledge Handbook of Gender in Central-Eastern Europe and Eurasia
Creators: name: Mitroiu, Simona
Publisher: name: Apparatus. Film, Media and Digital Cultures of Central and Eastern Europe
Year: 2022

description: Addressing contemporary historical and political approaches to gender in Central-Eastern Europe and Eurasia, the Handbook constitutes a powerful instrument for reading and interpreting current reality and establishing an inclusive framework for scholars and others to study the transformations and challenges we are currently witnessing.
description: Apparatus. Film, Media and Digital Cultures of Central and Eastern Europe, No. 15 (2022)