cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Potential Lifshitz transition at optimal substitution in nematic pnictide Ba$_{1-x}$Sr$_x$Ni$_2$As$_2$
Creators: name: Narayan, Dushyant M.
name: Hao, Peipei
name: Kurleto, Rafał
name: Berggren, Bryan S.
name: Linn, A. Garrison
name: Eckberg, Christopher
name: Saraf, Prathum
name: Collini, John
name: Zavalij, Peter
name: Hashimoto, Makoto
name: Lu, Donghui
name: Fernandes, Rafael M.
name: Paglione, Johnpierre
name: Dessau, Daniel S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: BaNi$_2$As$_2$ is a structural analog of the pnictide superconductor BaFe$_2$As$_2$, which, like the iron-based superconductors, hosts a variety of ordered phases including charge density waves (CDWs), electronic nematicity, and superconductivity. Upon isovalent Sr substitution on the Ba site, the charge and nematic orders are suppressed, followed by a sixfold enhancement of the superconducting transition temperature ($T_c$). To understand the mechanisms responsible for enhancement of $T_c$, we present high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) measurements of the Ba$_{1-x}$Sr$_{x}$Ni$_2$As$_2$ series, which agree well with our density functional theory (DFT) calculations throughout the substitution range. Analysis of our ARPES-validated DFT results indicates a Lifshitz transition and reasonably nested electron and hole Fermi pockets near optimal substitution where $T_c$ is maximum. These nested pockets host Ni $d_{xz}$/$d_{yz}$ orbital compositions, which we associate with the enhancement of nematic fluctuations, revealing unexpected connections to the iron-pnictide superconductors. This gives credence to a scenario in which nematic fluctuations drive an enhanced $T_c$.
description: 19 pages, 12 figures, 1 table
Relaxation damping in contacts under superimposed normal and torsional oscillation
Creators: name: Popov Mikhail
name: Popov, V.L.
Publisher: name: Физическая мезомеханика
Year: 2015
Subjects: СТРУКТУРНОЕ ДЕМПФИРОВАНИЕ
МЕХАНИКА КОНТАКТНОГО ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ
ТОРСИОННЫЕ КОЛЕБАНИЯ
МЕТОД РЕДУКЦИИ РАЗМЕРНОСТИ
STRUCTURAL DAMPING
CONTACT MECHANICS
TORSIONAL OSCILLATIONS
METHOD OF DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION

description: It was recently shown that if a contact of two purely elastic bodies with no sliding is subjected to oscillations in normal and tangential directions, a kind of damping occurs due to relaxation of tangential stress in areas of intermittent contact, despite the absence of sliding and corresponding frictional work. In the present paper we show that the same mechanism acts in contacts with superimposed normal and torsional oscillations. A closed-form solution for the torsional and combined (torsional/tangential) relaxation dissipation for a contact of arbitrary bodies of revolution is presented.
The Future of Smallholder Farming in Malawi
Creators: name: Muyanga, Milu
name: Nyirenda, Zephania
name: Lifeyo, Yanjani
name: Burke, William J.
name: Muyanga, Milu
name: Nyirenda, Zephania
name: Lifeyo, Yanjani
name: Burke, William J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: Smallholder; Malawi; farm productivity; transformation

description: • Farm size in Malawi averages 0.73; roughly 30% of Malawian farmers are near landless, operating less than 0.5 ha. • Given current low levels of farm productivity, farm sizes are too low to allow the majority of rural households to derive enough income from farming to get out of poverty. • Raising agricultural productivity on smallholder farms is a precondition for economic transformation in Malawi; farm productivity growth will determine the rate of employment and income expansion in the rest of the economy. • Raising agricultural productivity in Malawi will require substantially increased investment in research and development, agricultural extension, and infrastructure (e.g. roads, electricity, irrigation, etc.). • Strengthening individualized tenure rights and rural financial institutions will promote sustainable agricultural productivity growth. • Increased private investment in Malawian agriculture is crucial, but it is the state that determines the how much private investment flows into the country. The flow of private investment to Malawian agriculture will rise dramatically when the state creates and begins to implement a compelling and comprehensive vision for agri-food systems development.
Can we work together?
Creators: name: Perry, Jamie Lyn
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2009

description: This study examines the moderation of potential faultlines and faultline activation through manipulating appraisals. Previous research has investigated the causes and effects of faultline activation, but none have examined appraisals as a trigger to faultline activation. Using a 2x2x2 factorial quasi-experimental design crossing appraisals (intrinsic vs. instrumental), potential faultlines (weak vs. strong), and faultline activation (alignment vs. no alignment), 156 participants (43 groups) were rated on the study constructs as they completed a group task. The data revealed that faultlines were more likely to activate in groups with potential faultlines where members were instructed to think about undesirable qualities of group members (intrinsic appraisal condition) rather than in groups with potential faultlines where members were instructed to think about obstacles that people created within the group (instrumental appraisal condition). In addition, I found that active faultlines had an influence on conflict (task, process, and relationship) between and within subgroups, and performance. Results of the study have implications for future research.
The impact of COVID-19 and associated shocks on Agri Food SMEs along the poultry and fish value chain in Kaduna State
Creators: name: Ibrahim, Aisha
name: Tasie, Saweda
name: Belton, Ben
name: Tasie, Oyinkan
name: Reardon, Thomas
name: Osawe, Wellington
name: Ibrahim, Aisha
name: Tasie, Saweda
name: Belton, Ben
name: Tasie, Oyinkan
name: Reardon, Thomas
name: Osawe, Wellington
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Policy
subject: Agriculture
subject: Food
subject: Economics
subject: Covid

description: This policy research note summarizes the key findings from a study on the impact of COVID-19 and associated policies on SMEs along the poultry and fish value chains in Kaduna State.
Background model systematics for the Fermi GeV excess
Creators: name: Calore, Francesca
name: Cholis, Ilias
name: Weniger, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The possible gamma-ray excess in the inner Galaxy and the Galactic center (GC) suggested by Fermi-LAT observations has triggered a large number of studies. It has been interpreted as a variety of different phenomena such as a signal from WIMP dark matter annihilation, gamma-ray emission from a population of millisecond pulsars, or emission from cosmic rays injected in a sequence of burst-like events or continuously at the GC. We present the first comprehensive study of model systematics coming from the Galactic diffuse emission in the inner part of our Galaxy and their impact on the inferred properties of the excess emission at Galactic latitudes $2^\circ
description: 65 pages, 28 figures, 7 tables
The impact of COVID-19 and other shocks on Agri Food SMEs along the poultry and fish value chains in Borno State
Creators: name: Muhammad, Hudu
name: Tasie, Saweda
name: Belton, Ben
name: Tasie, Oyinkan
name: Reardon, Thomas
name: Osawe, Wellington
name: Muhammad, Hudu
name: Tasie, Saweda
name: Belton, Ben
name: Tasie, Oyinkan
name: Reardon, Thomas
name: Osawe, Wellington
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Policy
subject: Agriculture
subject: Covid
subject: Food
subject: Economics
subject: Nigeria

description: This policy research note summarizes key findings from a study on the impact of COVID-19 and associated policies on SMEs along the poultry and fish value chains in Borno State.
Automorphisms of the affine 3-space of degree 3
Creators: name: Blanc, Jérémy
name: van Santen, Immanuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14R10, 37F10

description: In this article we give two explicit families of automorphisms of degree $\leq 3$ of the affine $3$-space $\mathbb{A}^3$ such that each automorphism of degree $\leq 3$ of $\mathbb{A}^3$ is a member of one of these families up to composition of affine automorphisms at the source and target; this shows in particular that all of them are tame. As an application, we give the list of all dynamical degrees of automorphisms of degree $\leq 3$ of $\mathbb{A}^3$; this is a set of $3$ integers and $9$ quadratic integers. Moreover, we also describe up to compositions with affine automorphisms for $n\geq 1$ all morphisms $\mathbb{A}^3 \to \mathbb{A}^n$ of degree $\leq 3$ with the property that the preimage of every affine hyperplane in $\mathbb{A}^n$ is isomorphic to $\mathbb{A}^2$.
description: Prepublished version, 45 pages, comments are welcome
Through a teacher's lens
Creators: name: Bulgar, Sylvia
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2002

description: Problem solving and computation involving division of fractions are difficult for adults and children alike, and regarded by educators to be among the most difficult topics in the elementary mathematics curriculum (Ma, 1999). One explanation for the problem is that learning how to divide fractions is often taught devoid of meaning. The lack of sense making in carrying out algorithms procedurally without making connections to concrete or other types of representations contributes to perplexity. This study explores how children buildideas about the division of fractions in the absence of instruction of algorithms. This research has two components. The first and primary aspect of thisresearch focuses on a segment of a yearlong classroom-based study of the development of mathematical ideas about fractions, prior to the formalintroduction of algorithms, with a group of twenty-five nine to ten year old children from a suburban public elementary school in New Jersey. The secondreplicates the work with an intervention by this researcher with a class of thirteen ten to eleven year old students at a private parochial school in Piscataway, New Jersey. For the first component, data came from videotapes of four one-hour classroom sessions recorded by three cameras, each positioned in a different area of the classroom; children's written work; and researcher's notes. Detailed narratives of the videotapes were coded to flag elements that would illustrate children's justification and reasoning, how and to whom children's ideas were expressed, what types of representations were created and how researchersinteracted with children. For the second component, the database consists of students' written work and researchers' notes. Analysis of the data indicated that children in both groups built and successfully justified models that illustrated the division of a natural number by a unit-fraction and by a non-unit fraction. They supported their arguments with pictorial representations and verbal explanations and built generalizations about the division of a natural number by a fraction.
Reducing Occupational Injuries Among Dairy Farm Workers through the Certified Safe Dairy Worker Program
Creators: name: Romfoe, Alexandra Virginia
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2024
Subjects: Occupational health services

description: Agriculture consistently ranks as one of the most hazardous industries, with dairy farm workers
in the United States experiencing among the highest number of injuries across all farming subgroups.
Dairy farm workers interact with a myriad of hazards throughout the workday, like heavy machinery,
toxic chemicals, animals, physical hazards, manure pits, and biological hazards. To further compound
these risks, more than half of all agriculture workers encounter language barriers on the job which can
make communicating safety practices inaccessible among employees. Basic farm laborer jobs do not
have training requirements which has its pros and cons – on one hand, this eliminates several barriers
to entry into the field, on the other hand, workers may not be aware of the hazards associated with this
type of work; much less how to avoid them. This creates the perfect storm for high rates of preventable
injuries among dairy farm workers.
The Certified Safe Dairy Worker Certification Program aims to professionalize dairy farming by
providing hands-on training to dairy farm workers in a culturally and linguistically appropriate manner.
The program will train participants to recognize, prevent, and mitigate common workplace hazards;
Thereby leaving them with skills that increase confidence on the job, making them safer and more
productive. The pilot program will take place in Chippewa County, Wisconsin where a cohort of Dairy
Farm Workers will have the opportunity to earn the Certified Safe Dairy Worker Certificate. They will
be followed for one year alongside a control group from the same county to track incident work-related
injuries. During this time, participants will receive a modest quarterly financial incentive from the
program at each follow-up check-in where they will report injuries and near misses. Farms that employ
certified individuals will receive a stipend for their insurance premiums proportional to the number of
certified employees on their operation to incentivize hiring these individuals. Thereby making
certification mutually beneficial for employees and the employer. Following successful completion of
the pilot program, the program will be scaled up to the national level in partnership with NIOSH and
OSHA. The CSDW certification program aims to make safe occupational practices the easy and desirable
choice across all dairy farms in the United States.
Efficient congruencing in ellipsephic sets: the quadratic case
Creators: name: Biggs, Kirsti D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11A63, 11D45, 11L07, 11P55

description: In this paper, we bound the number of solutions to a quadratic Vinogradov system of equations in which the variables are required to satisfy digital restrictions in a given base. Certain sets of permitted digits, namely those giving rise to few representations of natural numbers as sums of elements of the digit set, allow us to obtain better bounds than would be possible using the size of the set alone.
Utility of thromboelastography with platelet mapping (TEG-PM) for monitoring platelet transfusion in qualitative platelet disorders
Creators: name: Rudran, Tanvi
name: Bergmeier, Wolfgang
name: Lee, Robert H
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2024

description: BACKGROUND: Patients with pathogenic variants in RASGRP2 (inherited platelet disorder (IPD)-18) exhibit normal platelet counts but impaired platelet aggregation and αIIbβ3 activation. Moderate-to-severe bleeding episodes require patients to be transfused with platelets and/or pro-hemostatic agents. We recently demonstrated that hemostatic efficacy of transfused platelets is limited by dysfunctional endogenous platelets in a mouse model of IPD-18 (Rasgrp2-/- mice), as dysfunctional platelets were recruited to the forming hemostatic plug but did not participate in clot contraction. Thus, higher amounts of transfused platelets were required to outcompete these dysfunctional cells and to reverse bleeding.
OBJECTIVE: We here studied the usefulness of thromboelastography with platelet mapping (TEG-PM) for ex vivo monitoring of the hemostatic potential in Rasgrp2-/- mice transfused with various amounts of wild-type (WT) platelets.
METHODS: Whole blood (WB) samples from WT and Rasgrp2-/- mice were tested in TEG-PM and parameters for clot formation and contraction (K time, α-angle, maximum amplitude [MA]) were measured.
RESULTS: Rasgrp2-/- WB samples did not contract in TEG-PM, consistent with a critical role of this protein in αIIbβ3 activation. Addition of WT platelets improved TEG parameters in a ratio-dependent manner, consistent with our recent in vivo studies showing impaired hemostasis at a 5:1, but not at a 2:1 ratio of mutant to WT platelets. K and α values were identified as better predictors of transfusion efficacy than MA, the most platelet-dependent TEG parameter.
CONCLUSION: This proof-of-concept study supports the use of TEG-PM to monitor platelet transfusion ratios and hemostatic potential in IPD-18 and potentially other platelet disorders.
A Systematic Review of Uncertainties in Software Project Management
Creators: name: Marinho, Marcelo
name: Sampaio, Suzana
name: Lima, Telma
name: Moura, Hermano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.2.9

description: It is no secret that many projects fail, regardless of the business sector, software projects are notoriously disaster victims, not necessarily because of technological failure, but more often due to their uncertainties. The threats identified by uncertainty in day-to-day of a project are real and immediate and the stakes in a project are often high. This paper presents a systematic review about software project management uncertainties. It helps to identify the difficulties and the actions that can minimize the uncertainties effects in the projects and how managers and teams can prepare themselves for the challenges of their projects scenario, with the aim of contributing to the improvement of project management in organizations as well as contributing to project success.
description: 21 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1411.1920
Earth and Terrestrial Planet Formation
Creators: name: Jacobson, Seth A.
name: Walsh, Kevin J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The growth and composition of Earth is a direct consequence of planet formation throughout the Solar System. We discuss the known history of the Solar System, the proposed stages of growth and how the early stages of planet formation may be dominated by pebble growth processes. Pebbles are small bodies whose strong interactions with the nebula gas lead to remarkable new accretion mechanisms for the formation of planetesimals and the growth of planetary embryos. Many of the popular models for the later stages of planet formation are presented. The classical models with the giant planets on fixed orbits are not consistent with the known history of the Solar System, fail to create a high Earth/Mars mass ratio, and, in many cases, are also internally inconsistent. The successful Grand Tack model creates a small Mars, a wet Earth, a realistic asteroid belt and the mass-orbit structure of the terrestrial planets. In the Grand Tack scenario, growth curves for Earth most closely match a Weibull model. The feeding zones, which determine the compositions of Earth and Venus follow a particular pattern determined by Jupiter, while the feeding zones of Mars and Theia, the last giant impactor on Earth, appear to randomly sample the terrestrial disk. The late accreted mass samples the disk nearly evenly.
description: Accepted for publication in Early Earth an AGU Monograph edited by James Badro and Michael J. Walter
Semitransparency in interaction-free measurements
Creators: name: Thomas, Sebastian
name: Kohstall, Christoph
name: Kruit, Pieter
name: Hommelhoff, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the effect of semitransparency in a quantum-Zeno-like interaction-free measurement setup, a quantum-physics based approach that might significantly reduce sample damage in imaging and microscopy. With an emphasis on applications in electron microscopy, we simulate the behavior of probe particles in an interaction-free measurement setup with semitransparent samples, and we show that the transparency of a sample can be measured in such a setup. However, such a measurement is not possible without losing (i.e., absorbing or scattering) probe particles in general, which causes sample damage. We show how the amount of lost particles can be minimized by adjusting the number of round trips through the setup, and we explicitly calculate the amount of lost particles in measurements which either aim at distinguishing two transparencies or at measuring an unknown transparency precisely. We also discuss the effect of the sample causing phase shifts in interaction-free measurements. Comparing the resulting loss of probe particles with a classical measurement of transparency, we find that interaction-free measurements only provide a benefit in two cases: first, if two semitransparent samples with a high contrast are to be distinguished, interaction-free measurements lose less particles than classical measurements by a factor that increases with the contrast. This implies that interaction-free measurements with zero loss are possible if one of the samples is perfectly transparent. A second case where interaction-free measurements outperform classical measurements is if three conditions are met: the particle source exhibits Poissonian number statistics, the number of lost particles cannot be measured, and the transparency is larger than approximately 1/2. In all other cases, interaction-free measurements lose as many probe particles as classical measurements or more.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures
A multimodal submillimeter MRI atlas of the human cerebellum
Creators: name: Wu, Ye
name: Yap, Pew-Thian
name: Lyu, Wenjiao
name: Ahmad, Sahar
name: Huynh, Khoi Minh
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2024

description: The human cerebellum is engaged in a broad array of tasks related to motor coordination, cognition, language, attention, memory, and emotional regulation. A detailed cerebellar atlas can facilitate the investigation of the structural and functional organization of the cerebellum. However, existing cerebellar atlases are typically limited to a single imaging modality with insufficient characterization of tissue properties. Here, we introduce a multifaceted cerebellar atlas based on high-resolution multimodal MRI, facilitating the understanding of the neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration of the cerebellum based on cortical morphology, tissue microstructure, and intra-cerebellar and cerebello-cerebral connectivity.
PLA2 Study - AJP Lung Submission - Online Supplement - Final.docx
Creators: name: Murphy, Ryan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is a manifestation of indirect or endogenous airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), a specific feature of asthma in which bronchoconstriction is triggered by high ventilation leading to osmotic stress and release of mediators from the airways. However, the specific mechanisms responsible for driving endogenous AHR in the form of EIB are not fully understood. We aimed to examine alterations in airway phospholipid hydrolysis, surfactant degradation, and lipid mediator release in relation to severity of AHR and changes induced by exercise challenge. Paired induced sputum (n=18) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid (n=11) were obtained before and after exercise challenge in a group of individuals with asthma. Samples were analyzed for phospholipid structure and composition, surfactant function and levels of eicosanoid and secreted phospholipase A2 group 10 (sPLA2-X). A primary epithelial cell culture model was used to model effects of osmotic stress on sPLA2-X. We discovered that exercise challenge resulted in increased surfactant degradation, phospholipase activity, and pro-inflammatory eicosanoid production in induced sputum samples of all patients. The major difference in subjects with EIB was higher levels of basal surfactant degradation and phospholipase activity in BAL fluid. Higher basal sputum levels of cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) and prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) were associated with direct AHR to methacholine challenge and both the post-exercise and absolute change in CysLTs and PGD2 levels were associated with EIB severity. Surfactant function was either abnormal at baseline or became abnormal after exercise challenge. Levels of sPLA2-X in induced sputum at baseline and the absolute change in amount of sPLA2-X with exercise were positively correlated with EIB severity. Osmotic stress ex vivo resulted in movement of water and release of sPLA2-X to the apical surface. In summary, exercise challenge results in changes in phospholipid structure and eicosanoid release in asthma, providing two mechanisms that promote bronchoconstriction, particularly in individuals with EIB who have higher basal levels phospholipid turnover.
Efficient congruencing in ellipsephic sets: the general case
Creators: name: Biggs, Kirsti D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11A63, 11D45, 11L07, 11P55

description: In this paper, we bound the number of solutions to a general Vinogradov system of equations $x_1^j+\dots+x_s^j=y_1^j+\dots+y_s^j$, $(1\leq j\leq k)$, as well as other related systems, in which the variables are required to satisfy digital restrictions in a given base. Specifically, our sets of permitted digits have the property that there are few representations of a natural number as sums of elements of the digit set -- the set of squares serving as a key example. We obtain better bounds using this additive structure than could be deduced purely from the size of the set of variables. In particular, when the digits are required to be squares, we obtain diagonal behaviour with $2k(k+1)$ variables.
Imperfect cloning operations in algebraic quantum theory
Creators: name: Kitajima, Yuichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: No-cloning theorem says that there is no unitary operation that makes perfect clones of non-orthogonal quantum states. The objective of the present paper is to examine whether an imperfect cloning operation exists or not in a C*-algebraic framework. We define a universal $ε$-imperfect cloning operation which tolerates a finite loss $ε$ of fidelity in the cloned state, and show that an individual system's algebra of observables is Abelian if and only if there is a universal $ε$-imperfect cloning operation in the case where the loss of fidelity is less than 1/4. Therefore, in this case no universal $ε$-imperfect cloning operation is possible in algebraic quantum theory.
description: to be published in Foundations of Physics
The variation of the fine structure constant: testing the dipole model with thermonuclear supernovae
Creators: name: Kraiselburd, Lucila
name: Landau, Susana J.
name: Negrelli, Carolina
name: García-Berro, Enrique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The large-number hypothesis conjectures that fundamental constants may vary. Accordingly, the spacetime variation of fundamental constants has been an active subject of research for decades. Recently, using data obtained with large telescopes a phenomenological model in which the fine structure constant might vary spatially has been proposed. We test whether this hypothetical spatial variation of α, which follows a dipole law, is compatible with the data of distant thermonuclear supernovae. Unlike previous works, in our calculations we consider not only the variation of the luminosity distance when a varying α is adopted, but we also take into account the variation of the peak luminosity of Type Ia supernovae resulting from a variation of α. This is done using an empirical relation for the peak bolometric magnitude of thermonuclear supernovae that correctly reproduces the results of detailed numerical simulations. We find that there is no significant difference between the several phenomenological models studied here and the standard one, in which α does not vary spatially. We conclude that the present set of data of Type Ia supernovae is not able to distinguish the standard model from the dipole models, and thus cannot be used to discard nor to confirm the proposed spatial variation of α.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in Ap&SS
Anti-damping spin transfer torque through epitaxial Nickel oxide
Creators: name: Moriyama, Takahiro
name: Takei, So
name: Nagata, Masaki
name: Yoshimura, Yoko
name: Matsuzaki, Noriko
name: Terashima, Takahito
name: Tserkovnyak, Yaroslav
name: Ono, Teruo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prepare the high quality epitaxial MgO(001)[100]/Pt(001)[100]/NiO(001)[100]/FeNi/SiO2 films to investigate the spin transport in the NiO antiferromagnetic insulator. The ferromagnetic resonance measurements of the FeNi under a spin current injection from the Pt by the spin Hall effect revealed the change of the ferromagnetic resonance linewidth depending on the amount of the spin current injection. The results can be interpreted that there is an angular momentum transfer through the NiO. A high efficient angular momentum transfer we observed in the epitaxial NiO can be attributed to the well-defined orientation of the antiferromagnetic moments and the spin quantization axis of the injected spin current.
Deformations of holomorphic pairs and 2d-4d wall-crossing
Creators: name: Fantini, Veronica
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how wall-crossing formulas in coupled 2d-4d systems, introduced by Gaiotto, Moore and Neitzke, can be interpreted geometrically in terms of the deformation theory of holomorphic pairs, given by a complex manifold together with a holomorphic vector bundle. The main part of the paper studies the relation between scattering diagrams and deformations of holomorphic pairs, building on recent work by Chan, Conan Leung and Ma.
description: 50 pages, 8 figures
Facile: Fast, Accurate, and Interpretable Basic-Block Throughput Prediction
Creators: name: Abel, Andreas
name: Sharma, Shrey
name: Reineke, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Basic-block throughput models such as uiCA, IACA, GRANITE, Ithemal, llvm-mca, OSACA, or CQA guide optimizing compilers and help performance engineers identify and eliminate bottlenecks. For this purpose, basic-block throughput models should ideally be fast, accurate, and interpretable. Recent advances have significantly improved accuracy: uiCA, the state-of-the-art model, achieves an error of about 1% relative to measurements across a wide range of microarchitectures. The computational efficiency of throughput models, which is equally important for widespread adoption, especially in compilers, has so far received little attention. In this paper, we introduce Facile, an analytical throughput model that is fast, accurate, and interpretable. Facile analyzes different potential bottlenecks independently and analytically. Due to its compositional nature, Facile's predictions directly pinpoint the bottlenecks. We evaluate Facile on a wide range of microarchitectures and show that it is almost two orders of magnitude faster than existing models while achieving state-of-the-art accuracy.
In der Stunde der Verfolgung mögen die Gläubigen, durch die Fürsprache Marias gestärkt, standhaft bleiben
Publisher: name: Herder Korrespondenz
Year: 1970

description: Herder Korrespondenz, Bd. 14 Nr. 12 (1959): Herder Korrespondenz, Band 14, Heft 12
Electrostatic Self-energy of a Charged Particle in the Surroundings of a Topologically Charged Black Hole in the Brane
Creators: name: Larranaga, Alexis
name: Cardenas-Avendano, Alejandro
name: Torres, Daniel Alexdy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine the self-energy for a point charge held stationary in a topologically charged black hole spacetime arising from the Randall-Sundrum II braneworld model, showing that it has two contributions, one of geometric origin and the other of topological one.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure
A review of the local strain energy density approach applied to V-notches
Creators: name: Filippo, Berto
name: Ayatollahi Majid, R.
Publisher: name: Физическая мезомеханика
Year: 2017
Subjects: STRAIN ENERGY DENSITY
CONTROL RADIUS
FINITE SIZE VOLUME
U-NOTCH
V-NOTCH
WELDED JOINTS
ПЛОТНОСТЬ ЭНЕРГИИ ДЕФОРМАЦИИ
КОНТРОЛЬНЫЙ РАДИУС
ОБЪЕМ КОНЕЧНОГО РАЗМЕРА
U-ОБРАЗНЫЙ НАДРЕЗ
V-ОБРАЗНЫЙ НАДРЕЗ
СВАРНОЙ ШОВ

description: A synthesis of the work on the strain energy density will be presented. In particular a large bulk of experimental data from static tests of sharp and blunt V-notches and from fatigue tests of welded joints are presented in an unified way by using the mean value of the strain energy density over a given finite-size volume surrounding the highly stressed regions. When the notch is blunt, the control area assumes a crescent shape and R0 is its width as measured along the notch bisector line. In plane problems, when cracks or pointed V-notches are considered, the volume becomes a circle or a circular sector, respectively. The radius R0 depends on material fracture toughness, ultimate tensile strength and Poisson’s ratio in the case of static loads; it depends on the fatigue strength DsА of the butt ground welded joints and the notch stress intensity factor range DK1 in the case of welded joints under high cycle fatigue loading (with DsА and DK1 valid for 5 × 106 cycles). Dealing with welded joints characterized by a plate thickness greater than 6 mm, the final synthesis based on strain energy density summarizes nine hundreds data taken from the literature while a new synthesis from spot-welded joints under tension and shear loading, characterized by a limited thickness of the main plate, is presented here for the first time. Dealing with static tests, about one thousand experimental data as taken from the recent literature are involved in the synthesis. The strong variability of the nondimensional radius R/R0, ranging from about zero to about 1000, makes the check of the approach based on the mean value of the strain energy density severe. In parallel, dealing with welded joints, nine hundred experimental data are here summarized in terms of local strain energy density.
Distributed Non-Convex Optimization with Sublinear Speedup under Intermittent Client Availability
Creators: name: Yan, Yikai
name: Niu, Chaoyue
name: Ding, Yucheng
name: Zheng, Zhenzhe
name: Wu, Fan
name: Chen, Guihai
name: Tang, Shaojie
name: Wu, Zhihua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Federated learning is a new distributed machine learning framework, where a bunch of heterogeneous clients collaboratively train a model without sharing training data. In this work, we consider a practical and ubiquitous issue when deploying federated learning in mobile environments: intermittent client availability, where the set of eligible clients may change during the training process. Such intermittent client availability would seriously deteriorate the performance of the classical Federated Averaging algorithm (FedAvg for short). Thus, we propose a simple distributed non-convex optimization algorithm, called Federated Latest Averaging (FedLaAvg for short), which leverages the latest gradients of all clients, even when the clients are not available, to jointly update the global model in each iteration. Our theoretical analysis shows that FedLaAvg attains the convergence rate of $O(E^{1/2}/(N^{1/4} T^{1/2}))$, achieving a sublinear speedup with respect to the total number of clients. We implement FedLaAvg along with several baselines and evaluate them over the benchmarking MNIST and Sentiment140 datasets. The evaluation results demonstrate that FedLaAvg achieves more stable training than FedAvg in both convex and non-convex settings and indeed reaches a sublinear speedup.
Differentiating the human heart: A focus on atrioventricular canal cardiomyocytes
Creators: name: Qian, Li
name: Takasugi, Paige
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2024

description: Bioengineering of a functional human heart continues to face many challenges, including the production of distinct cardiac cell types. Now, in Cell Stem Cell, Ye et al. develop AVC-like cardiomyocytes through timing- and concentration-specific activation of canonical Wnt signaling.
Molecular clouds have power-law probability distribution functions
Creators: name: Lombardi, Marco
name: Alves, João
name: Lada, Charles J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this Letter we investigate the shape of the probability distribution of column densities (PDF) in molecular clouds. Through the use of low-noise, extinction-calibrated \textit{Herschel}/\textit{Planck} emission data for eight molecular clouds, we demonstrate that, contrary to common belief, the PDFs of molecular clouds are not described well by log-normal functions, but are instead power laws with exponents close to two and with breaks between $A_K \simeq 0.1$ and $0.2\,\mathrm{mag}$, so close to the CO self-shielding limit and not far from the transition between molecular and atomic gas. Additionally, we argue that the intrinsic functional form of the PDF cannot be securely determined below $A_K \simeq 0.1\,\mathrm{mag}$, limiting our ability to investigate more complex models for the shape of the cloud PDF.
description: Letter to the Editor, to appear in A&A
Lysine-36 of Drosophila histone H3.3 supports adult longevity
Creators: name: Brown, John C
name: McMichael, Benjamin D
name: Vandadi, Vasudha
name: Matera, A Gregory
name: Salzler, Harmony R
name: Mukherjee, Aadit
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Year: 2024

description: Aging is a multifactorial process that disturbs homeostasis, increases disease susceptibility, and ultimately results in death. Although the definitive set of molecular mechanisms responsible for aging remain to be discovered, epigenetic change over time is proving to be a promising piece of the puzzle. Several post-translational histone modifications have been linked to the maintenance of longevity. Here, we focus on lysine-36 of the replication-independent histone protein, H3.3 (H3.3K36). To interrogate the role of this residue in Drosophila developmental gene regulation, we generated a lysine-to-arginine mutant that blocks the activity of its cognate-modifying enzymes. We found that an H3.3BK36R mutation causes a significant reduction in adult lifespan, accompanied by dysregulation of the genomic and transcriptomic architecture. Transgenic co-expression of wild-type H3.3B completely rescues the longevity defect. Because H3.3 is known to accumulate in nondividing tissues, we carried out transcriptome profiling of young vs aged adult fly heads. The data show that loss of H3.3K36 results in age-dependent misexpression of NF-κB and other innate immune target genes, as well as defects in silencing of heterochromatin. We propose H3.3K36 maintains the postmitotic epigenomic landscape, supporting longevity by regulating both pericentric and telomeric retrotransposons and by suppressing aberrant immune signaling.
To symbols from meaning
Creators: name: Uptegrove, Elizabeth B.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2005

description: This research provides an analysis of how a cohort group of five students learned standard notation for combinatorics over an I8-month period. The students were among the participants in a long-term study of the development of mathematical ideas and reasoning. Over the years, the students worked on open-ended and challenging mathematical problems from a combinatorics strand, such as building-towers of different heights from different colored cubes, counting pizzas with different toppings, and counting taxicab routes. The group was videotaped doing mathematics during their sophomore and junior years of high school, when they revisited combinatorics tasks that they had worked on during middle and elementary school. During these reinvestigations, they were introduced to the standard notation for combinatorics and to Pascal's Triangle and they explored the addition rule for Pascal's Triangle (Pascal's Identity). Three years later, three of the students were videotaped during task-based interviews in which they again revisited the combinatorics problems and the notation. Analysis of their work shows that the students used the combinatorial tasks withwhich they were already familiar to give meaning to the standard notation and to entriesof Pascal's Triangle. They used the understanding of the combinatorics problems that they developed and refined over the years, including their recognition of the isomorphic relationships among the pizza, towers, and taxicab problems (structurally similar problem with different surface features), to build Pascal's Identity. A major contributing factor for the representation of Pascal's Identity in standard notation was their retrieval of earlier images of pizzas and towers that had meaning for them. Other important factors for their success included working together in collaborative investigations and having sufficient time for revisiting and rethinking ideas related to the problems. Follow-upinterviews, in which individual students were asked again about Pascal's Triangle, provided evidence that students, independently, were able to rebuild or reconstruct what they had built together earlier as a group. This research provides evidence of the power of giving meaning to symbols. It suggests that students who build meaning first and then develop the symbolic vocabulary can acquire lasting understanding.
Constant-Delay Enumeration for Nondeterministic Document Spanners
Creators: name: Amarilli, Antoine
name: Bourhis, Pierre
name: Mengel, Stefan
name: Niewerth, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider the information extraction framework known as document spanners, and study the problem of efficiently computing the results of the extraction from an input document, where the extraction task is described as a sequential variable-set automaton (VA). We pose this problem in the setting of enumeration algorithms, where we can first run a preprocessing phase and must then produce the results with a small delay between any two consecutive results. Our goal is to have an algorithm which is tractable in combined complexity, i.e., in the sizes of the input document and the VA; while ensuring the best possible data complexity bounds in the input document size, i.e., constant delay in the document size. Several recent works at PODS'18 proposed such algorithms but with linear delay in the document size or with an exponential dependency in size of the (generally nondeterministic) input VA. In particular, Florenzano et al. suggest that our desired runtime guarantees cannot be met for general sequential VAs. We refute this and show that, given a nondeterministic sequential VA and an input document, we can enumerate the mappings of the VA on the document with the following bounds: the preprocessing is linear in the document size and polynomial in the size of the VA, and the delay is independent of the document and polynomial in the size of the VA. The resulting algorithm thus achieves tractability in combined complexity and the best possible data complexity bounds. Moreover, it is rather easy to describe, in particular for the restricted case of so-called extended VAs. Finally, we evaluate our algorithm empirically using a prototype implementation.
description: 29 pages. Extended version of arXiv:1807.09320. Integrates all corrections following reviewer feedback. Outside of some minor formatting differences and tweaks, this paper is the same as the paper to appear in the ACM TODS journal
Characterizing gonality for two-component stable curves
Creators: name: Coelho, Juliana
name: Sercio, Frederico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14H10, 14H51

description: It is a well-known result that a stable curve of compact type over $\mathbb{C}$ having two components is hyperelliptic if and only if both components are hyperelliptic and the point of intersection is a Weierstrass point for each of them. With the use of admissible covers, we generalize this characterization in two ways: for stable curves of higher gonality having two smooth components and one node; and for hyperelliptic and trigonal stable curves having two smooth non rational components and any number of nodes.
description: 2 figures, commentas are welcome
A Generally Covariant Theory of Quantized Real Klein-Gordon Field in de Sitter Spacetime
Creators: name: Feng, Sze-Shiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose in this paper a quantization scheme for real Klein-Gordon field in de Sitter spacetime. Our scheme is generally covariant with the help of vierbein, which is necessary usually for spinor field in curved spacetime. We first present a Hamiltonian structure, then quantize the field following the standard approach. For the free field, the time-dependent quantized Hamiltonian is diagonalized by Bogliubov transformation and the eigen-states at each instant are interpreted as the observed particle states at that instant. The interpretation is supported by the known cosmological red-shift formula and the on-shell condition of 4-momentum for a free field. Though the mathematics is carried out in term of conformal coordinates for the sake of convenience, the whole theory can be transformed into any other coordinates based on general covariance. It is concluded that particle states, such as vacuum states in particular are time-dependent and vacuum states at one time evolves into non-vacuum states at later times. Formalism of perturbational is provided with an extended Dirac picture.
description: 15 pages