cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
High-efficient harmonic vortex generation from a laser irradiated hollow-cone target
Creators: name: Hu, Ke
name: Yi, Longqing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been recently reported that ultraviolet harmonic vortices can be produced when a high-power circular-polarized laser pulse travels through a micro-scale waveguide. However, the harmonic generation quenches typically after a few tens of microns of propagation, due to the build-up of electrostatic potential that suppresses the amplitude of the surface wave. Here we propose to utilize a hollow-cone channel to overcome this obstacle. When traveling in a cone target, the laser intensity gradually increases, allowing the surface wave to maintain a high amplitude for a much longer distance. The harmonic vortices can be produced with very high efficiency. According to three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, the overall efficiency are boosted by almost one order of magnitude, reaching $>20\%$. It is also found that using the cone targets can mitigate efficiency decline due to pre-heating of plasma by laser prepulse. The proposed scheme paves the way to the development of powerful optical vortices sources in the extreme ultraviolet regime - an area of significant fundamental and applied physics potential.
Model selection in atomistic simulation
Creators: name: Moussa, Jonathan E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There are many atomistic simulation methods with very different costs, accuracies, transferabilities, and numbers of empirical parameters. I show how statistical model selection can compare these methods fairly, even when they are very different. These comparisons are also useful for developing new methods that balance cost and accuracy. As an example, I build a semiempirical model for hydrogen clusters.
description: 17 pages, 9 figures
Un/settling : a critical ethnographic inquiry into settlement by refugees making claims based on sexual orientation or gender identity persecution
Creators: name: Jordan, Sharalyn Renee
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Propelled by fear of violence and flight from stigma, impelled by desire for connection and belonging, the movements of people whose sexualities or genders defy and offend norms cover a complex spatial, social, and psychological terrain. This critical qualitative inquiry was conducted in partnership with Rainbow Refugee Committee, a community group that supports refugees making claims based on persecution of their sexual orientation or gender identity. To investigate how Queer Gay Lesbian Bisexual Transgender (QLGBT) refugees engage in settlement, I pursued three inquiry strategies. I wrote reflexively about my on-going participation in the support and advocacy work of Rainbow Refugee. I then conducted narrative interviews and collaborative interpretation process with nine people who had made sexuality or gender based claims. Interpretation proceeded through iterative reading/listening processes: a content reading, a dialogical reading, and a critical reading, and a reflexive reading. A systems perspective generated through interviews with community organizers and lawyers as well as reading media and literature informed the critical reading. This process results in accounts of queer refugee settlement that are situated and polyphonous. QLGBT asylum seekers have lived in defiance of social erasure, stigma, and threatened or actual violence in their countries of origin. Throughout their exit, migration, and application process they are in engagement with neocolonial exclusions based on race, class, gender and sexuality. Participants’ accounts of home country experiences, migration trajectories, application, and settlement portray how these exclusions constrain their efforts to negotiate safety and belonging, and create conditions for (re)traumatization. To settle, QLGBT refugees engage in seeking recognition that confers protection from homophobia/transphobia, and requires enactments of refugeeness and QLGB or Trans identities, while simultaneously resisting stigmas that work against safety and belonging.
Bi-stability in turbulent, rotating spherical Couette flow
Creators: name: Zimmerman, Daniel S.
name: Triana, Santiago Andrés
name: Lathrop, Daniel P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Flow between concentric spheres of radius ratio $η= r_\mathrm{i}/r_\mathrm{o} = 0.35$ is studied in a 3 m outer diameter experiment. We have measured the torques required to maintain constant boundary speeds as well as localized wall shear stress, velocity, and pressure. At low Ekman number $E = 2.1\times10^{-7}$ and modest Rossby number $0.07 < Ro < 3.4$, the resulting flow is highly turbulent, with a Reynolds number ($Re=Ro/E$) exceeding fifteen million. Several turbulent flow regimes are evident as $Ro$ is varied for fixed $E$. We focus our attention on one flow transition in particular, between $Ro = 1.8$ and $Ro = 2.6$, where the flow shows bistable behavior. For $Ro$ within this range, the flow undergoes intermittent transitions between the states observed alone at adjacent $Ro$ outside the switching range. The two states are clearly distinguished in all measured flow quantities, including a striking reduction in torque demanded from the inner sphere by the state lying at higher $Ro$. The reduced angular momentum transport appears to be associated with the development of a fast zonal circulation near the experiment core. The lower torque state exhibits waves, one of which is similar to an inertial mode known for a full sphere, and another which appears to be a strongly advected Rossby-type wave. These results represent a new laboratory example of the overlapping existence of distinct flow states in high Reynolds number flow. Turbulent multiple stability and the resilience of transport barriers associated with zonal flows are important topics in geophysical and astrophysical contexts.
title: Thaumàzein | Rivista di Filosofia, Vol. 11 No. 2 (2023): Il kairos e le arti / Kairos in ancient arts and techniques
title: Il kairos e le arti / Kairos in ancient arts and techniques
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Thaumàzein | Rivista Di Filosofia
Publisher: name: Thaumàzein | Rivista di Filosofia
Year: 2023

description: It is a well-known fact that the concept of kairos encompasses a wide variety of meanings, ranging from “due time”, “critical situation”, “appropriate or decisive moment”, to “correct behaviour” and “skilful action”. All of these meanings point not only to the temporal, spatial and circumstantial characteristics of kairos, but also, and more importantly, to the action that is required in order to seize a favourable opportunity in a given moment. Without such action, and the ability to perform it, the kairos does not yield any advantage, thus remaining unexploited. On the other hand, without kairos no action can be successful, as even the most refined ability is by itself no guarantee for a successful outcome. In the Graeco-Roman world, kairos is therefore always linked with specific skills: in arts such as poetry, rhetoric, medicine, divination, alchemy and in a variety of techniques such as those needed in farming, warfare and sports, the successful outcome depends on the ability to grasp the kairos that is within reach at a given moment. This volume examines the different meanings of kairos as reflected in the methodologies commonly applied in the arts and techniques, showing how these help to broaden and deepen our knowledge of kairos. The chapters investigate both aspects of kairos: that relating to its objective conditions, i.e. its manifestation on certain occasions and circumstances; and that relating to its subjective conditions, i.e. the skills needed to grasp the opportune moment in which it should be utilized.
description: Introduzione...8-18 Diaskopèin e mythologhèin...129-151 Il rincrescimento dell'agente di Bernard Williams: un confronto con la colpa, il rimorso e altre forme di rincrescimento...217-247 A Study on kairos ...40-59 The Alchemical kairos...170-194 Il cibo per la cura dell’anima, la musica e le virtù per la salute del corpo...19-39 La didattica del gnothi kairon secondo alcuni maestri di platonismo imperiale e tardo-antico...152-169 «Dio onora talvolta l’opportunità dell’inganno» (Dissoi Logoi 3.12)...84-107 Il perturbante e la crisi...60-83 Il discorso e l’occasione...108-128 Una riflessione sul Mitsein: da Heidegger a Jean-Luc Nancy...196-216
Superconductivity at 38 K in Iron-Based Compound with Platinum-Arsenide Layers Ca10(Pt4As8)(Fe2-xPtxAs2)5
Creators: name: Kakiya, Satomi
name: Kudo, Kazutaka
name: Nishikubo, Yoshihiro
name: Oku, Kenta
name: Nishibori, Eiji
name: Sawa, Hiroshi
name: Yamamoto, Takahisa
name: Nozaka, Toshio
name: Nohara, Minoru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report superconductivity in novel iron-based compounds Ca10(PtnAs8)(Fe2-xPtxAs2)5 with n = 3 and 4. Both compounds crystallize in triclinic structures (space group P-1), in which Fe2As2 layers alternate with PtnAs8 spacer layers. Superconductivity with a transition temperature of 38 K is observed in the n = 4 compound with a Pt content of x ~ 0.36 in the Fe2As2 layers. The compound with n = 3 exhibits superconductivity at 13 K.
description: OPEN SELECT article, 11 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables
Evolution of the spectral lineshape at the magnetic transition in Sr2IrO4 and Sr3Ir2O7
Creators: name: Foulquier, Paul
name: Civelli, Marcello
name: Rozenberg, Marcelo
name: Camjayi, Alberto
name: Bobadilla, Joel
name: Colson, Dorothee
name: Forget, Anne
name: Thuery, Pierre
name: Bertran, Francois
name: Fevre, Patrick Le
name: Brouet, Veronique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sr2IrO4 and Sr3Ir2O7 form two families of spin-orbit Mott insulators with quite different charge gaps and an antiferromagnetic (AF) ground state. This offers a unique opportunity to study the impact of long-range magnetic order in Mott insulators. It appears to play a different role in the two families, as there is almost no change of the resistivity at the magnetic transition TN in Sr2IrO4 and a large one in Sr3Ir2O7. We use angle-resolved photoemission to study the evolution of the spectral lineshape through the magnetic transition. We use Ru and La substitutions to tune TN and discriminate changes due to temperature from those due to magnetic order. We evidence a shift and a transfer of spectral weight in the gap at TN in Sr3Ir2O7, which is absent in Sr2IrO4. We assign this behavior to a significantly larger coherent contribution to the spectral lineshape in Sr3Ir2O7, which evolves strongly at TN. On the contrary, the Sr2IrO4 lineshape is dominated by the incoherent part, which is insensitive to TN. We compare these findings to theoretical expections of the Slater vs Mott antiferromagnetism within Dynamical Mean Field Theory.
New upper limits on low-frequency radio emission from isolated neutron stars with LOFAR
Creators: name: Pastor-Marazuela, Inés
name: Straal, Samayra M.
name: van Leeuwen, Joeri
name: Kondratiev, Vlad I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutron stars that show X-ray and $γ$-ray pulsed emission must, somewhere in the magnetosphere, generate electron-positron pairs. Such pairs are also required for radio emission, but then why do a number of these sources appear radio quiet? Here, we carried out a deep radio search towards four such neutron stars that are isolated X-ray/$γ$-ray pulsars but for which no radio pulsations have been detected yet. These sources are 1RXS J141256.0+792204 (Calvera), PSR J1958+2846, PSR J1932+1916 and SGR J1907+0919. Searching at lower radio frequencies, where the radio beam is thought to be wider, increases the chances of detecting these sources, compared to the earlier higher-frequency searches. We thus carried a search for periodic and single-pulse radio emission with the LOFAR radio telescope at 150 MHz. We used the known periods, and searched a wide range of dispersion measures, as the distances are not well constrained. We did not detect pulsed emission from any of the four sources. However, we put very constraining upper limits on the radio flux density at 150 MHz, of $\lesssim$1.4 mJy.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Cold bosons in the Landauer setup
Creators: name: Gutman, D. B.
name: Gefen, Y.
name: Mirlin, A. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider one dimensional potential trap that connects two reservoirs containing cold Bose atoms. The thermal current and single-particle bosonic Green functions are calculated under non-equilibrium conditions. The bosonic statistics leads to Luttinger liquid state with non-linear spectrum of collective modes. This results in suppression of thermal current at low temperatures and affects the single-particle Green functions.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Aspects of Supergroup Gauge Theory
Creators: name: Kimura, Taro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a survey of recent studies of supergroup gauge theory. We first discuss supermatrix model as a zero-dimensional toy model of supergroup gauge theory and its geometric and algebraic characterization. We then focus on four-dimensional Yang--Mills theory with supergroup gauge symmetry and explore its non-perturbative properties, including instanton calculus, Seiberg-Witten geometry, Bethe/gauge correspondence, and its realization with intersecting defects.
description: 78 pages, invited review; typos corrected, refs added
Measurements of the transverse-momentum-dependent cross sections of J /ψ production at mid-rapidity in proton+proton collisions at s =510 and 500 GeV with the STAR detector
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2019
Subjects: hep-ex
nucl-ex

description: © 2019 authors. Published by the American Physical Society. We present measurements of the differential cross sections of inclusive J/ψ meson production as a function of transverse momentum (pTJ/ψ) using the μ+μ- and e+e- decay channels in proton+proton collisions at center-of-mass energies of 510 and 500 GeV, respectively, recorded by the STAR detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The measurement from the μ+μ- channel is for 0
Ensemble Properties of Comets in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
Creators: name: Solontoi, Michael
name: Ivezic, Zeljko
name: Juric, Mario
name: Becker, Andrew C.
name: Jones, Lynne
name: West, Andrew A.
name: Kent, Steve
name: Lupton, Robert H.
name: Claire, Mark
name: Knapp, Gillian R.
name: Quinn, Tom
name: Gunn, James E.
name: Schneider, Donald P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the ensemble properties of 31 comets (27 resolved and 4 unresolved) observed by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). This sample of comets represents about 1 comet per 10 million SDSS photometric objects. Five-band (u,g,r,i,z) photometry is used to determine the comets' colors, sizes, surface brightness profiles, and rates of dust production in terms of the Afρ formalism. We find that the cumulative luminosity function for the Jupiter Family Comets in our sample is well fit by a power law of the form N(< H) \propto 10(0.49\pm0.05)H for H < 18, with evidence of a much shallower fit N(< H) \propto 10(0.19\pm0.03)H for the faint (14.5 < H < 18) comets. The resolved comets show an extremely narrow distribution of colors (0.57 \pm 0.05 in g - r for example), which are statistically indistinguishable from that of the Jupiter Trojans. Further, there is no evidence of correlation between color and physical, dynamical, or observational parameters for the observed comets.
description: 19 pages, 8 tables, 11 figures, to appear in Icarus
Positive solitude : an examination of individuals who spend frequent time alone
Creators: name: Cady, Jasmine
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: An abundance of empirical research indicates that individuals who spend frequent time alone are less happy than those who are more socially active (Diener & Seligman, 2002). In mass media and popular culture these individuals are commonly referred to as “Loners.” The current study investigates if some individuals who spend frequent time alone report average or higher than average ratings of happiness despite the contradictory trend in research and the negative loner stereotype. The study also provides an empirical description of the loner construct by examining a group of self-declared loners. Five hundred and thirty eight subjects who reported spending frequent time alone completed the Subjective Happiness Scale, the UCLA Loneliness Scale (3), the Social Phobia Inventory, the E-scale of the EPQR-A, the Preference for Solitude Scale and the Relationship Questionnaire. It was found that unhappiness and poor well-being do not necessarily accompany spending frequent time alone, even for individuals who identify as loners. While the majority of participants who reported spending frequent time alone also reported poor levels of well-being, 21.7% of the study’s entire population as well as 20.6% of self-declared loners within that group reported average or high scores of happiness on the Subjective Happiness Scale. Furthermore, they did not report stereotypical symptoms such as high rates of loneliness or social phobia. In addition to challenging the prevailing loner stereotype, these results raise questions about the generalizability of the established correlation between spending frequent time alone and poor well-being. Theoretically relevant constructs such as loneliness, social phobia and extraversion will be discussed. Attention is called for a deeper and more balanced examination of individuals who spend frequent time alone.
Three-dimensional sedimentation patterns of two interacting disks in a viscous fluid
Creators: name: Liu, Yi
name: Guo, Yu
name: Yang, Bo
name: Pan, Dingyi
name: Xia, Zhenhua
name: Yu, Zhaosheng
name: Wang, Lian-Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The sedimentation of two spherical solid objects in a viscous fluid has been extensively investigated and well understood. However, a pair of flat disks (in three dimensions) settling in the fluid shows more complex hydrodynamic behaviors. The present work aims to improve understanding of this phenomenon by performing Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) and physical experiments. The present results show that the sedimentation processes are significantly influenced by disk shape, characterized by a dimensionless moment of inertia I*, and Reynolds number of the leading disk Re. For the flatter disks with smaller I*, steady falling with enduring contact transits to periodic swinging with intermittent contacts as Re increases. The disks with larger I* tend to fall in a Drafting-Kissing-Tumbling (DKT) mode at low Re and to remain separated at high Re. Based on I* and Re, a phase diagram is created to classify the two-disk falling into ten distinctive patterns. The planar motion or three-dimensional motion of the disks is determined primarily by Re. Turbulent disturbance flows at a high Re contribute to the chaotic three-dimensional rotation of the disks. The chance for the two disks to contact is increased when I* and Re are reduced.
description: 51 pages, 28 figures
Characterization Of The Low-Mass Companion Around Hd 142527 With Vlt/Sinfoni
Creators: name: Christiaens, Valentin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016

description: A low-mass companion has been detected in the transition disk of HD 142527, host of the largest annular gap and several spiral arms.

This work focuses on its re-detection and characterization thanks to the new pupil-tracking mode of VLT/SINFONI. The companion is found in most of the H+K channels, allowing us to obtain a spectrum of it.
description: Collaborators: C. Gomez, R. Ramirez, S. Kimeswenger, J. Girard, O. Wertz, A. Zurlo, S. Lacour, Z. Wahhaj
The developmental origins of sex-biased expression in cardiac development
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Sex chromosomes
Regulatory networks
Cardiogenesis
Sexual dimorphism
Differentiation

description: © 2019 The Author(s). Background: Expression patterns between males and females vary in every adult tissue, even in organs with no conspicuous dimorphisms such as the heart. While studies of male and female differences have traditionally focused on the influence of sex hormones, these do not account for all the differences at the molecular and epigenetic levels. We previously reported that a substantial number of genes were differentially expressed in male and female mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells and revealed dose-dependent enhancer activity in response to Prdm14, a key pluripotency factor expressed more highly in female ES cells. In this work, we investigated the role of Prdm14 in establishing sex-specific gene expression networks. We surveyed the sex-specific landscape in early embryogenesis with special reference to cardiac development. We generated sex-specific co-expression networks from mouse ES cells, examined the presence of sex-specific chromatin domains, and analyzed previously published datasets from different developmental time points to characterize how sex-biased gene expression waxes and wanes to evaluate whether sex-biased networks are detectable throughout heart development. Results: We performed ChIP-seq on male and female mouse ES cells to determine differences in chromatin status. Our study reveals sex-biased histone modifications, underscoring the potential for the sex chromosome complement to prime the genome differently in early development with consequences for later expression biases. Upon differentiation of ES cells to cardiac precursors, we found sex-biased expression of key transcription and epigenetic factors, some of which persisted from the undifferentiated state. Using network analyses, we also found that Prdm14 plays a prominent role in regulating a subset of dimorphic expression patterns. To determine whether sex-biased expression is present throughout cardiogenesis, we re-analyzed data from two published studies that sampled the transcriptomes of mouse hearts from 8.5 days post-coitum embryos to neonates and adults. We found sex-biased expression at every stage in heart development, and interestingly, identified a subset of genes that exhibit the same bias across multiple cardiogenic stages. Conclusions: Overall, our results support the existence of sexually dimorphic gene expression profiles and regulatory networks at every stage of cardiac development, some of which may be established in early embryogenesis and epigenetically perpetuated.
Graviton noise on tidal forces and geodesic congruences
Creators: name: Cho, Hing-Tong
name: Hu, Bei-Lok
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we continue with our recent study, using the Feynman-Vernon worldline influence action and the Schwinger-Keldysh closed-time-path formalism, to consider the effects of quantum noise of gravitons on the motion of point masses. This effect can be regarded as due to a stochastic tensorial force whose correlator is given by the graviton noise kernel associated with the Hadamard function of the quantized gravitational field. Solving the Langevin equation governing the motion of the separation of two masses, the fluctuations of the separation due to the graviton noise can be obtained for various states of the quantum field. Since this force has the stretching and compressing effects like the tidal force, we can view it as one. We therefore derive the expressions for, and estimate the magnitude of, this tidal force for the cases of the Minkowski and the squeezed vacua. The influence of this force on the evolution of the geodesic congruence through the Raychaudhuri equation is then studied and the effects of quantum graviton noise on the shear and rotation tensors presented.
description: 22 pages
Quantum electrodynamics with anisotropic scaling: Heisenberg-Euler action and Schwinger pair production in the bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Katsnelson, M. I.
name: Volovik, G. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss quantum electrodynamics emerging in the vacua with anisotropic scaling. Systems with anisotropic scaling were suggested by Horava in relation to the quantum theory of gravity. In such vacua the space and time are not equivalent, and moreover they obey different scaling laws, called the anisotropic scaling. Such anisotropic scaling takes place for fermions in bilayer graphene, where if one neglects the trigonal warping effects the massless Dirac fermions have quadratic dispersion. This results in the anisotropic quantum electrodynamics, in which electric and magnetic fields obey different scaling laws. Here we discuss the Heisenberg-Euler action and Schwinger pair production in such anisotropic QED
description: 5 pages, no figures, JETP Letters style, version accepted in JETP Letters
Adult and iPS-derived non-parenchymal cells regulate liver organoid development through differential modulation of Wnt and TGF-β
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Organoid
Liver
iPS
Hepatocyte
3D culture

description: © 2019 The Author(s). Background: Liver organoid technology holds great promises to be used in large-scale population-based drug screening and in future regenerative medicine strategies. Recently, some studies reported robust protocols for generating isogenic liver organoids using liver parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) or using isogenic adult primary non-parenchymal cells. However, the use of whole iPS-derived cells could represent great challenges for a translational perspective. Methods: Here, we evaluated the influence of isogenic versus heterogenic non-parenchymal cells, using iPS-derived or adult primary cell lines, in the liver organoid development. We tested four groups comprised of all different combinations of non-parenchymal cells for the liver functionality in vitro. Gene expression and protein secretion of important hepatic function markers were evaluated. Additionally, liver development-associated signaling pathways were tested. Finally, organoid label-free proteomic analysis and non-parenchymal cell secretome were performed in all groups at day 12. Results: We show that liver organoids generated using primary mesenchymal stromal cells and iPS-derived endothelial cells expressed and produced significantly more albumin and showed increased expression of CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and TDO2 while presented reduced TGF-β and Wnt signaling activity. Proteomics analysis revealed that major shifts in protein expression induced by this specific combination of non-parenchymal cells are related to integrin profile and TGF-β/Wnt signaling activity. Conclusion: Aiming the translation of this technology bench-to-bedside, this work highlights the role of important developmental pathways that are modulated by non-parenchymal cells enhancing the liver organoid maturation.
Neural posterior estimation for exoplanetary atmospheric retrieval
Creators: name: Vasist, Malavika
name: Rozet, François
name: Absil, Olivier
name: Mollière, Paul
name: Nasedkin, Evert
name: Louppe, Gilles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Retrieving the physical parameters from spectroscopic observations of exoplanets is key to understanding their atmospheric properties. Exoplanetary atmospheric retrievals are usually based on approximate Bayesian inference and rely on sampling-based approaches to compute parameter posterior distributions. Accurate or repeated retrievals, however, can result in very long computation times due to the sequential nature of sampling-based algorithms. We aim to amortize exoplanetary atmospheric retrieval using neural posterior estimation (NPE), a simulation-based inference algorithm based on variational inference and normalizing flows. In this way, we aim (i) to strongly reduce inference time, (ii) to scale inference to complex simulation models with many nuisance parameters or intractable likelihood functions, and (iii) to enable the statistical validation of the inference results. We evaluate NPE on a radiative transfer model for exoplanet spectra petitRADTRANS, including the effects of scattering and clouds. We train a neural autoregressive flow to quickly estimate posteriors and compare against retrievals computed with MultiNest. NPE produces accurate posterior approximations while reducing inference time down to a few seconds. We demonstrate the computational faithfulness of our posterior approximations using inference diagnostics including posterior predictive checks and coverage, taking advantage of the quasi-instantaneous inference time of NPE. Our analysis confirms the reliability of the approximate posteriors produced by NPE. The accuracy and reliability of the inference results produced by NPE establishes it as a promising approach for atmospheric retrievals. Amortization of the posterior inference makes repeated inference on several observations computationally inexpensive since it does not require on-the-fly simulations, making the retrieval efficient, scalable, and testable.
description: The paper has been submitted to AandA after a final revision
Biological relevance of computationally predicted pathogenicity of noncoding variants
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Algorithms
Animals
Computational Biology
Disease
Evolution, Molecular
Genome-Wide Association Study
Humans
Machine Learning
Mammals
Models, Statistical
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
RNA, Untranslated

description: © 2019, The Author(s). Computational prediction of the phenotypic propensities of noncoding single nucleotide variants typically combines annotation of genomic, functional and evolutionary attributes into a single score. Here, we evaluate if the claimed excellent accuracies of these predictions translate into high rates of success in addressing questions important in biological research, such as fine mapping causal variants, distinguishing pathogenic allele(s) at a given position, and prioritizing variants for genetic risk assessment. A significant disconnect is found to exist between the statistical modelling and biological performance of predictive approaches. We discuss fundamental reasons underlying these deficiencies and suggest that future improvements of computational predictions need to address confounding of allelic, positional and regional effects as well as imbalance of the proportion of true positive variants in candidate lists.
Morse theory with the norm-square of a hyperkahler moment map
Creators: name: Fisher, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove that the norm-square of a moment map associated to a linear action of a compact group on an affine variety satisfies a certain gradient inequality. This allows us to bound the gradient flow, even if we do not assume that the moment map is proper. We describe how this inequality can be extended to hyperkahler moment maps in some cases, and use Morse theory with the norm-squares of hyperkahler moment maps to compute the Betti numbers and cohomology rings of all toric hyperkahler orbifolds.
description: 23 pages, comments welcome
HanoiT: Enhancing Context-aware Translation via Selective Context
Creators: name: Yang, Jian
name: Yin, Yuwei
name: Ma, Shuming
name: Yang, Liqun
name: Guo, Hongcheng
name: Huang, Haoyang
name: Zhang, Dongdong
name: Zeng, Yutao
name: Li, Zhoujun
name: Wei, Furu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Context-aware neural machine translation aims to use the document-level context to improve translation quality. However, not all words in the context are helpful. The irrelevant or trivial words may bring some noise and distract the model from learning the relationship between the current sentence and the auxiliary context. To mitigate this problem, we propose a novel end-to-end encoder-decoder model with a layer-wise selection mechanism to sift and refine the long document context. To verify the effectiveness of our method, extensive experiments and extra quantitative analysis are conducted on four document-level machine translation benchmarks. The experimental results demonstrate that our model significantly outperforms previous models on all datasets via the soft selection mechanism.
Smart Textiles for Visible and IR Camouflage Application: State-of-the-Art and Microfabrication Path Forward
Creators: Degenstein, Lauren M.
Sameoto, Dan
Hogan, James D.
Asad, Asad
Dolez, Patricia I.
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2021

Protective textiles used for military applications must fulfill a variety of functional requirements, including durability, resistance to environmental conditions and ballistic threats, all while being comfortable and lightweight. In addition, these textiles must provide camouflage and concealment under various environmental conditions and, thus, a range of wavelengths on the electromagnetic spectrum. Similar requirements may exist for other applications, for instance hunting. With improvements in infrared sensing technology, the focus of protective textile research and development has shifted solely from providing visible camouflage to providing camouflage in the infrared (IR) region. Smart textiles, which can monitor and react to the textile wearer or environmental stimuli, have been applied to protective textiles to improve camouflage in the IR spectral range. This study presents a review of current smart textile technologies for visible and IR signature control of protective textiles, including coloration techniques, chromic materials, conductive polymers, and phase change materials. We propose novel fabrication technology combinations using various microfabrication techniques (e.g., three-dimensional (3D) printing; microfluidics; machine learning) to improve the visible and IR signature management of protective textiles and discuss possible challenges in terms of compatibility with the different textile performance requirements.
Cell decision-making through the lens of Bayesian learning
Creators: name: Barua, Arnab
name: Hatzikirou, Haralampos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Cell decision-making refers to the process by which cells gather information from their local microenvironment and regulate their internal states to create appropriate responses. Microenvironmental cell sensing plays a key role in this process. Our hypothesis is that cell decision-making regulation is dictated by Bayesian learning. In this article, we explore the implications of this hypothesis for internal state temporal evolution. By using a timescale separation between internal and external variables on the mesoscopic scale, we derive a hierarchical Fokker-Planck equation for cell-microenvironment dynamics. By combining this with the Bayesian learning hypothesis, we find that changes in microenvironmental entropy dominate cell state probability distribution. Finally, we use these ideas to understand how cell sensing impacts cell decision-making. Notably, our formalism allows us to understand cell state dynamics even without exact biochemical information about cell sensing processes by considering a few key parameters.
Title: Efficacy of a food parenting intervention for mothers with low income to reduce preschooler's solid fat and added sugar intakes: A randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Low-income
Food parenting
Authoritative
Dietary intervention
Solid fats
Added sugars
Preschooler
Prevention
Randomized controlled trial

description: © 2019 The Author(s). Background: Few interventions have shown efficacy to influence key energy balance behaviors during the preschool years. Objective: A randomized controlled trial (RCT) was used to evaluate the efficacy of Food, Fun, and Families (FFF), a 12 week authoritative food parenting intervention for mothers with low-income levels, to reduce preschool-aged children's intake of calories from solid fat and added sugar (SoFAS). Methods: Mothers were randomly assigned to receive FFF (n = 59) or to a delayed treatment control (n = 60). The primary outcome was children's daily energy intake from SoFAS at the end of the 12 week intervention, controlling for baseline levels, assessed by 24-h dietary recalls. Secondary outcomes included children's daily energy intake, children's BMI z-scores, and meal observations of maternal food parenting practices targeted in FFF (e.g. providing guided choices). Results: Participating mothers were predominantly African American (91%), with 39% educated beyond high school and 66% unemployed. Baseline demographics and child SoFAS intakes did not differ by group. Lost to follow-up was 13% and did not differ between groups. At post-intervention, FFF children consumed ~ 94 kcal or 23% less daily energy from SoFAS than children in the control group, adjusting for baseline levels (307.8 (95%CI = 274.1, 341.5) kcal vs. 401.9 (95%CI = 369.8, 433.9) kcal, FFF vs. control; p < 0.001). FFF mothers also displayed a greater number of authoritative parenting practices when observed post-intervention with their child at a buffet-style meal (Wilcoxon z = - 2.54, p = 0.012). Neither child total daily energy intake nor BMI z-scores differed between groups post-intervention. Conclusions: Findings demonstrate the initial efficacy of an authoritative food parenting intervention for families with low-income to reduce SoFAS intake in early childhood. Additional research is needed to evaluate longer-term effects on diet and growth. Trial registration: Retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: #NCT03646201.
Antiviral Activity of Native and Modified Fucoidans from Brown Algae Fucus evanescens in vitro and in vivo: A Comparative Analysis
Creators: name: Krylova, Natalya V.
name: Ermakova, Svetlana P.
name: Lavrov, Vyacheslav F.
name: Leneva, Irina A.
name: Kompanets, Galina G.
name: Iunikhina, Olga V.
name: Nosik, Marina N.
name: Linna K. Ebralidze
name: Falynskova, Irina N.
name: Silchenko, Artem S.
name: Zaporozhets, Tatyana S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Fucoidans
HSV-1
HSV-2
ECHO-1
HIV
antiviral activity

description: The enzymatic depolymerization of fucoidans from brown algae allowed the production of their standardized derivatives with different biological activities. This work aimed to compare the antiviral activities of native (FeF) and modified with enzyme (FeHMP) fucoidans from F. evanescens. The cytotoxicity and antiviral activities of the FeF and FeHMP against herpes viruses (HSV-1, HSV-2), enterovirus (ECHO-1), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) in Vero and human MT-4 cell lines were examined by methylthiazolyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and cytopathic effect (CPE) reduction assays, respectively. The efficacy of fucoidans in vivo was evaluated in the outbred mice model of vaginitis caused by HSV-2. We have shown that both FeF and FeHMP significantly inhibited virus-induced CPE in vitro and were more effective against HSV. FeF exhibited antiviral activity against HSV-2 with a selective index (SI) > 40, and FeHMP with SI ˃ 20, when they were added before virus infection or at the early stages of the HSV-2 lifecycle. Furthermore, in vivo studies showed that after intraperitoneal administration (10 mg/kg), both FeF and FeHMP protected mice from lethal intravaginal HSV-2 infection to approximately the same degree (44–56%). Thus, FeF and FeHMP have comparable potency against several DNA and RNA viruses, allowing us to consider the studied fucoidans as promising broad-spectrum antivirals. The study showed that standardized fucoidan with a regular structure as well as native fucoidan have comparable potency against a range of DNA- and RNA-containing viruses associated with severe human pathology.
Research of radon diffusion behavior in liquid scintillator
Creators: name: Xu, Z. F.
name: Guo, C.
name: Liu, J. C.
name: Zhang, Y. P.
name: Zhang, P.
name: Yang, C. G.
name: Tang, Q.
name: Liu, Y.
name: Li, C.
name: Guan, T. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The background caused by radon and its daughters is an important background in the low background liquid scintillator (LS) detectors. The study of the diffusion behaviour of radon in the LS contributes to the analysis of the related background caused by radon. Methodologies and devices for measuring the diffusion coefficient and solubility of radon in materials are developed and described. The radon diffusion coefficient of the LS was measured for the first time and in addition the solubility coefficient was also obtained. In addition, the radon diffusion coefficient of the polyolefine film which is consistent with data in the literature was measured to verify the reliability of the diffusion device.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
Mycetophila spectabilis Winnertz 1864
Creators: name: El Mouden, Mohamed Amin
name: Chandler, Peter J.
name: Saidoun, Imane
name: Driauach, Ouafaa
name: Belqat, Boutaïna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Mycetophilidae
Mycetophila
Mycetophila spectabilis

description: Mycetophila spectabilis Winnertz, 1864
Material examined.
Morocco – Middle Atlas Region • 23 ♂♂; Gouffre Izora; 19/V/2022; K. Aattouch, M. El Ouahabi and M. A. El Mouden leg; UAE-FST MA 22/24160 • 5 ♂♂; Grotte Bouslama; 19/V/2022; K. Aattouch, M. El Ouahabi and M. A. El Mouden leg; UAE-FST MA 22/24161 • 1 ♂; Grotte Bouhayati; 20/V/2022; K. Aattouch, M. El Ouahabi and M. A. El Mouden leg; UAE-FST MA 22/24162 • 1 ♂; Oued Aïn Chabab; 20/V/2022; K. Aattouch, M. El Ouahabi and M. A. El Mouden leg; UAE-FST MA 22/24163 • 1 ♂; Forêt Admam; 22/V/2022; K. Aattouch, M. El Ouahabi and M. A. El Mouden leg; UAE-FST MA 22/24164.
North African distribution.
Morocco (Banamar et al. 2020).
description: Published as part of El Mouden, Mohamed Amin, Chandler, Peter J., Saidoun, Imane, Driauach, Ouafaa & Belqat, Boutaïna, 2025, A new species of Docosia Winnertz, 1864 and new records of fungus gnats (Diptera, Bolitophilidae, Keroplatidae and Mycetophilidae) from North Africa, pp. 349-379 in ZooKeys 1233 on pages 349-379, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1233.130502
Multifield Ultralight Dark Matter
Creators: name: Gosenca, Mateja
name: Eberhardt, Andrew
name: Wang, Yourong
name: Eggemeier, Benedikt
name: Kendall, Emily
name: Zagorac, J. Luna
name: Easther, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultralight dark matter (ULDM) is usually taken to be a single scalar field. Here we explore the possibility that ULDM consists of $N$ light scalar fields with only gravitational interactions. This configuration is more consistent with the underlying particle physics motivations for these scenarios than a single ultralight field. ULDM halos have a characteristic granular structure that increases stellar velocity dispersion and can be used as observational constraints on ULDM models. In multifield simulations, we find that inside a halo the amplitude of the total density fluctuations decreases as $1/\sqrt{N}$ and that the fields do not become significantly correlated over cosmological timescales. Smoother halos heat stellar orbits less efficiently, reducing the velocity dispersion relative to the single field case and thus weakening the observational constraints on the field mass. Analytically, we show that for $N$ equal-mass fields with mass $m$ the ULDM contribution to the stellar velocity dispersion scales as $1/(N m^3)$. Lighter fields heat the most efficiently and if the smallest mass $m_L$ is significantly below the other field masses the dispersion scales as $1/(N^2 m_L^3)$.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, to be submitted to PRD