cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 2 of Genome sequencing of 2000 canids by the Dog10K consortium advances the understanding of demography, genome function and architecture
Creators: name: Meadows, Jennifer R. S.
name: Kidd, Jeffrey M.
name: Wang, Guo-Dong
name: Parker, Heidi G.
name: Schall, Peter Z.
name: Bianchi, Matteo
name: Christmas, Matthew J.
name: Bougiouri, Katia
name: Buckley, Reuben M.
name: Hitte, Christophe
name: Nguyen, Anthony K.
name: Wang, Chao
name: Jagannathan, Vidhya
name: Niskanen, Julia E.
name: Frantz, Laurent A. F.
name: Arumilli, Meharji
name: Hundi, Sruthi
name: Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin
name: Ginja, Catarina
name: Agustina, Kadek Karang
name: André, Catherine
name: Boyko, Adam R.
name: Davis, Brian W.
name: Drögemüller, Michaela
name: Feng, Xin-Yao
name: Gkagkavouzis, Konstantinos
name: Iliopoulos, Giorgos
name: Harris, Alexander C.
name: Hytönen, Marjo K.
name: Kalthoff, Daniela C.
name: Liu, Yan-Hu
name: Lymberakis, Petros
name: Poulakakis, Nikolaos
name: Pires, Ana Elisabete
name: Racimo, Fernando
name: Ramos-Almodovar, Fabian
name: Savolainen, Peter
name: Venetsani, Semina
name: Tammen, Imke
name: Triantafyllidis, Alexandros
name: vonHoldt, Bridgett
name: Wayne, Robert K.
name: Larson, Greger
name: Nicholas, Frank W.
name: Lohi, Hannes
name: Leeb, Tosso
name: Zhang, Ya-Ping
name: Ostrander, Elaine A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: Supplementary Methods [165–182]. Fig. S1. Imputation accuracy of individual samples for sites with MAF > 1%. Fig. S2. Median copy-number across the genome for wolves. Fig. S3. Repeatmasker classification of SINE variation. Fig. S4. Distribution of variation across the genome for breed and other dogs (n=1,591). Fig. S5. Nucleotide diversity along chr26. Fig. S6. Signature of a retrogene detected at the TEX2 locus.
Testimony on Alternative Fuels
Creators: name: Lave, Lester B.
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: I praise the draft legislation and recommend that you:
1. Tighten the definition of efficiency and eliminate the limit on its contribution. This will allow regions that don’t have good wind and solar resources to meet the legislative goals at lower cost.
2. Focus on reducing carbon-dioxide emissions rather than singling out renewables as the answer. There are significant savings from letting all technologies compete in satisfying the goals of lowering greenhouse gas emissions, increasing environmental quality more generally, increasing energy security, and improving sustainability,
Rapidity-Dependent Jet Vetoes
Creators: name: Gangal, Shireen
name: Stahlhofen, Maximilian
name: Tackmann, Frank J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Jet vetoes are a prominent part of the signal selection in various analyses at the LHC. We discuss jet vetoes for which the transverse momentum of a jet is weighted by a smooth function of the jet rapidity. With a suitable choice of the rapidity-weighting function, such jet-veto variables can be factorized and resummed allowing for precise theory predictions. They thus provide a complementary way to divide phase space into exclusive jet bins. In particular, they provide a natural and theoretically clean way to implement a tight veto on central jets with the veto constraint getting looser for jets at increasingly forward rapidities. We mainly focus our discussion on the 0-jet case in color-singlet processes, using Higgs production through gluon fusion as a concrete example. For one of our jet-veto variables we compare the resummed theory prediction at NLL'+NLO with the recent differential cross section measurement by the ATLAS experiment in the $H\toγγ$ channel, finding good agreement. We also propose that these jet-veto variables can be measured and tested against theory predictions in other SM processes, such as Drell-Yan, diphoton, and weak diboson production.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures
D5.3 - Harmonization and Knowledge Extraction Service
Creators: name: Maria-Esther Vidal
name: Sakor, Ahmad
name: Iglesias, Enrique
name: Bechara, Mazen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Data Harmonization
Semantic Data Models
DCAT
IDS

description: The PLATOON pilots make available data sources that, even heterogeneous, share similar concepts from the energy domain. Task T5.3 aims at uncovering the commonalities across the PLATOON data sources in terms of semantic types from the PLATOON Semantic Data Models. The Data Catalog (DCAT) vocabulary provides the basis for the harmonized data source description. At the same time, semantic types enable their annotation with concepts from the energy domain whose meaning is commonly accepted by the energy sector community. An RDF graph is created with the harmonized description of the PLATOON data sources; it provides machine-readable documentation of the PLATOON, which PLATOON services like the metadata registry can consume. Moreover, network analysis over the RDF graph suggests relatedness among PLATOON datasets based on the annotations from the PLATOON Semantic Data Models.
YOSHLAR KAMOLOTIDA JISMONIY TARBIYA VA SPORTNING OʻRNI
Creators: name: Berdimuratova, Gulnora
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Ushbu maqolada jismoniy tarbiya va sport yosh avlodning sog‘lom va har tomonlama barkamol shaxs sifatida shakllanishida hal qiluvchi ahamiyat kasb etadi. Sport nafaqat insonning jismoniy salomatligini mustahkamlash, balki uning intizomli, maqsadga yo‘naltirilgan, iroda va emotsional barqarorlik kabi psixologik fazilatlarini rivojlantirish vositasidir. Ushbu maqolada yoshlar kamolotida jismoniy tarbiya va sportning o‘rni, sport faoliyatining ijtimoiy moslashuv, psixologik sog‘lomlik va axloqiy qadriyatlar tizimiga ko‘rsatadigan ijobiy ta’siri ilmiy asosda yoritilgan. Shuningdek, sog‘lom turmush tarzi, ijtimoiy faollik va sport orqali jamiyatda sog‘lom avlodni tarbiyalash mexanizmlari tahlil qilingan.
Condensate fragmentation as a sensitive measure of the quantum many-body behavior of bosons with long-range interactions
Creators: name: Fischer, Uwe R.
name: Lode, Axel U. J.
name: Chatterjee, Budhaditya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The occupation of more than one single-particle state and hence the emergence of fragmentation is a many-body phenomenon universal to systems of spatially confined interacting bosons. In the present study, we investigate the effect of the range of the interparticle interactions on the fragmentation degree of one- and two-dimensional systems. We solve the full many-body Schrödinger equation of the system using the recursive implementation of the multiconfigurational time-dependent Hartree for bosons method, R-MCTDHB. The dependence of the degree of fragmentation on dimensionality, particle number, areal or line density and interaction strength is assessed. It is found that for contact interactions, the fragmentation is essentially density independent in two dimensions. However, fragmentation increasingly depends on density the more long-ranged the interactions become. The degree of fragmentation is increasing, keeping the particle number $N$ fixed, when the density is decreasing as expected in one spatial dimension. We demonstrate that this remains, nontrivially, true also for long-range interactions in two spatial dimensions. We, finally, find that within our fully self-consistent approach, the fragmentation degree, to a good approximation, decreases universally as $N^{-1/2}$ when only $N$ is varied.
description: 8 pages of RevTex4-1, 5 figures
The eight-port homodyne detector: the effect of imperfections on quantum random number generation and on detection of quadratures
Creators: name: Barchielli, Alberto
name: Santamato, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The eight-port homodyne detector is an optical circuit designed to perform the monitoring of two quadratures of an optical field, the signal. By using quantum Bose fields and quantum stochastic calculus, we give a complete quantum description of this apparatus, when used as quadrature detector in continuous time. We can treat either the travelling waves in the optical circuit, either the observables involved in the detection part: two couples of photodiodes, postprocessing of the output currents. The analysis includes imperfections, such as not perfectly balanced beam splitters, detector efficiency, electronic noise, phase and intensity noise in the laser acting as local oscillator; this last noise is modelled by using mixtures of field coherent states as statistical operator of the laser component. Due to the monitoring in continuous time, the output is a stochastic process and its full probability distribution is obtained. When the output process is sampled at discrete times, the quantum description can be reduced to discrete mode operators, but at the price of having random operators, which contain also the noise of the local oscillator. Consequently, the local oscillator noise has a very different effect on the detection results with respect to an additive noise, such as the noise in the electronic components. As an application, the problem of secure random number generation is considered, based on the local oscillator shot noise. The rate of random bits that can be generated is quantified by the min-entropy; the possibility of classical and quantum side information is taken into account by suitable conditional min-entropies. The final rate depends on which parts of the apparatus are considered to be secure and on which ones are considered to be exposed to the intervention of an intruder. In some experimentally realistic situations, the entropy losses are computed.
description: 46 pages, 7 figures. Many sentences have been corrected or added
Tropical cyclone-induced ocean response: A comparative study of the south China sea and tropical northwest Pacific
Creators: name: Lin, I.-I.
name: Lien, C.-C.
name: Mei, W.
name: Xie, S.-P.
Publisher: name: American Meteorological Society
Year: 2015

description: The thermocline shoals in the South China Sea (SCS) relative to the tropical northwest Pacific Ocean (NWP), as required by geostrophic balance with the Kuroshio. The present study examines the effect of this difference in ocean state on the response of sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll concentration to tropical cyclones (TCs), using both satellite-derived measurements and three-dimensional numerical simulations. In both regions, TC-produced SST cooling strongly depends on TC characteristics (including intensity as measured by the maximum surface wind speed, translation speed, and size). When subject to identical TCforcing, the SST cooling in the SCS is more than 1.5 times that in the NWP, which may partially explain weaker TC intensity on average observed in the SCS. Both a shallower mixed layer and stronger subsurface thermal stratification in the SCS contribute to this regional difference in SST cooling. The mixed layer effect dominates when TCs are weak, fast-moving, and/or small; and for strong and slow-moving TCs or strong and large TCs, both factors are equally important. In both regions, TCs tend to elevate surface chlorophyll concentration. For identical TC forcing, the surface chlorophyll increase in the SCS is around 10 times that in the NWP, a difference much stronger than that inSST cooling. This large regional difference in the surface chlorophyll response is at least partially due to a shallower nutricline and stronger vertical nutrient gradient in the SCS. The effect of regional difference in upper-ocean density stratification on the surface nutrient response is negligible. The total annual primary production increase associated with the TC passage estimated using the vertically generalized production model in the SCS is nearly 3 times that in the NWP (i.e., 6.4 ± 0.4 × 1012 versus 2.2 ± 0.2 × 1012 g C), despite the weaker TC activity in the SCS.
Non-invasive neuromodulation techniques in the pediatric and adolescent headache population: A scoping review protocol
Creators: name: Walter, Suzy
name: Carter-Templeton, Heather
name: Thurman, Faythe
name: Steele, Matthew
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 460102
subject: Applications in health

description: The objective of this scoping review is to assess the evidence available regarding non-invasive neuromodulation techniques in the pediatric and adolescent headache population.
Awkward Target for Kaitai Struct
Creators: name: Goyal, Manasvi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Data formats for scientific data often differ across experiments due the hardware design and availability constraints. To interact with these data formats, researchers have to develop, document and maintain specific analysis software which are often tightly coupled with a particular data format. This proliferation of custom data formats has been a prominent challenge for the Nuclear and High Energy Physics (NHEP) community. Within the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments, this problem has largely been mitigated with the widespread adoption of ROOT.
However, not all experiments in the NHEP community use ROOT for their data formats. Experiments such as Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) continue to use custom data formats to meet specific research needs. Therefore, simplifying the process of converting a unique data format to analysis code still holds immense value for the broader NHEP community. We propose adding Awkward Arrays, a Scikit-HEP library for storing nested, variable data into Numpy-like arrays, as a target language for Kaitai Struct for this purpose.
Kaitai Struct is a declarative language that uses a YAML-like description of a binary data structure to generate code, in any supported language, for reading a raw data file. Researchers can simply describe their data format in the Kaitai Struct YAML (.ksy) language just once. Then this KSY format can be converted into a compiled Python module (C++ files wrapped up in pybind11 and Scikit-Build) which takes the raw data and converts it into Awkward Arrays.
This talk will focus on introducing the recent developments in the Awkward Target for Kaitai Struct Language. It will demonstrate the use of given KSY to generate Awkward C++ code using header-only LayoutBuilder and Kaitai Struct Compiler.
Testing a varying-$Λ$ model for dark energy within Co-varying Physical Couplings framework
Creators: name: Cuzinatto, R. R.
name: Gupta, R. P.
name: Holanda, R. F. L.
name: Jesus, J. F.
name: Pereira, S. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Co-varying Physical Couplings (CPC) framework is a modified gravity set up assuming Einstein Field Equations wherein the quantities $\{G,c,Λ\}$ are promoted to space-time functions. Bianchi identity and the requirement of stress-energy tensor conservation entangle the possible variations of the couplings $\{G,c,Λ\}$, which are forced to co-vary as dictated by the General Constraint (GC). In this paper we explore a cosmological model wherein $G$, $c$ and $Λ$ are functions of the redshift respecting the GC of the CPC framework. We assume a linear parametrization of $Λ$ in terms of the scale factor $a$. We use the ansatz $\dot{G}/G = σ\left( \dot{c}/c \right)$ with $σ=$ constant to deduce the functional forms of $c=c(z)$ and $G=G(z)$. We show that this varying-$\{G,c,Λ\}$ model fits SNe Ia data and $H(z)$ data with $σ= 3$. The model parameters can be constrained to describe dark energy at the background level.
description: 14 pages plus references and figures; v2: matches the published version
Standalone framework for the emulation of HGCAL firmware trigger primitives in the CMS online trigger system
Creators: name: Alves, Bruno
name: Chiusi, Marco
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The fast-approaching High Luminosity LHC phase introduces significant challenges and opportunities for CMS. One of its major detector upgrades, the High Granularity Calorimeter (HGCAL), brings fine segmentation to the endcap regions. It requires a fast online trigger system (12.5 us latency) to extract interesting information from the ~100Tb of data produced every second by its custom read-out chips. A fraction of that time is devoted to the generation of trigger primitives (TPs) in the firmware. TPs represent the building blocks of the physical quantities used to decide whether an event is worth further inspection.The emulation of the reconstruction of TPs, so far available through the official CMS software in C++, has been ported to a standalone Python framework, and has been fully validated. The emulation can now be run locally, which is ideally suited for fast testing, parameter optimization and exploration and development of new algorithms. In parallel, we have implemented a simplified version of the full geometry of HGCAL, used to debug the official C++ geometry and to create event displays to validate, inspect and illustrate the reconstruction. The framework is being currently used by a small team, and is expected to become the basis of the remaining optimisation studies on TPs' reconstruction.In this talk we cover the framework's structure, conceived to be modular and fast, targeting datasets with high pile-up. We will briefly cover some reconstruction algorithms available in the emulator, as well as the two- and three-dimensional interactive event displays being used. We conclude by discussing different ways to share interactive visualizations, including the deployment of a simple web application using CERN's Platform-as-a-Service.
Modularity Enhances the Rate of Evolution in a Rugged Fitness Landscape
Creators: name: Park, Jeong-Man
name: Chen, Man
name: Wang, Dong
name: Deem, Michael W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Biological systems are modular, and this modularity affects the evolution of biological systems over time and in different environments. We here develop a theory for the dynamics of evolution in a rugged, modular fitness landscape. We show analytically how horizontal gene transfer couples to the modularity in the system and leads to more rapid rates of evolution at short times. The model, in general, analytically demonstrates a selective pressure for the prevalence of modularity in biology. We use this model to show how the evolution of the influenza virus is affected by the modularity of the proteins that are recognized by the human immune system. Approximately 25\% of the observed rate of fitness increase of the virus could be ascribed to a modular viral landscape.
description: 45 pages; 7 figures
Testimony for Labor Committee
Creators: name: Goodman, Paul S.
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: My name is Paul S. Goodman. I am a professor at the Graduate School of Industrial Administration, Carnegie-Mellon university. Over the last 15 years I have been involved in research and consulting concerning the utilization of human resources in organization which includes the nature of labor-management relationships. My current work includes a national study on productivity, safety, and absenteeism in the coal industry, the effectiveness of QC circle programs, the impact of robots on the work force, and the design and persistence of alternative forms of work organization. All these activities are part of a Human Resources Research Program at Carnegie-Mellon University.
Gelation, Clustering and Crowding in the Electrical Double Layer of Ionic Liquids
Creators: name: Goodwin, Zachary A. H.
name: McEldrew, Michael
name: de Souza, J. Pedro
name: Bazant, Martin Z.
name: Kornyshev, Alexei A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding the bulk and interfacial properties of super-concentrated electrolytes, such as ionic liquids (ILs), has attracted significant attention lately for their promising applications in supercapacitors and batteries. Recently, McEldrew \textit{et al.} developed a theory for reversible ion associations in bulk ILs, which accounted for the formation of all possible Cayley tree clusters and a percolating ionic network (gel). Here we adopt and develop this approach to understand the associations of ILs in the electrical double layer at electrified interfaces. With increasing charge of the electrode, the theory predicts a transition from a regime dominated by a gelled or clustered state to a regime dominated by free, crowded ions. This transition from gelation to crowding is conceptually similar to the overscreening to crowding transition.
The Agency Problems of Hedging and Earnings Management
Creators: name: Nan, Lin
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This paper uses a principal-agent model to study the interaction between
hedging and earnings management. Hedging makes earnings management
more difficult and they appear to be strategic substitutes in this model,
which is both consistent with existing empirical evidence and provides a new
explanation for that evidence.

If hedging decision is contractible, hedging is efficient since it reduces
both the risk premium and the equilibrium amount of earnings management.
If hedging decision is not contractible, however, hedging does not always alleviate
the agency problem. Surprisingly, sometimes a scenario of no hedging
but allowing earnings management is efficient. The reason is that motivating
hedging may require a more costly compensation scheme to mitigate the
appeal of earnings management.

In addition, this paper shows that tolerating some earnings management
is always efficient when there is no hedge option, since it is costly to eliminate
earnings management. Sometimes it is inefficient to take any action against
earnings management. However, with the encouraged hedge option, the cost
to eliminate earnings management can be reduced significantly and zero tolerance
of earnings management may be efficient.
Forced and internal variability of tropical cyclone track density in the western North Pacific
Creators: name: Xie, S.-P.
name: Wang, Y.
name: Mei, W.
name: Zhao, M.
Publisher: name: American Meteorological Society
Year: 2015

description: Forced interannual-to-decadal variability of annual tropical cyclone (TC) track density in the western North Pacific between 1979 and 2008 is studied using TC tracks from observations and simulations by a 25-km-resolution version of the GFDL High-Resolution Atmospheric Model (HiRAM) that is forced by observed sea surface temperatures (SSTs). Two modes dominate the decadal variability: a nearly basinwide mode, and a dipole mode between the subtropics and lower latitudes. The formermode links to variations in TCnumber and is forced by SST variations over the off-equatorial tropical central North Pacific, whereas the latter might be associated with the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation. The interannual variability is also controlled by two modes: a basinwide mode driven by SST anomalies of opposite signs located in the tropical central Pacific and eastern Indian Ocean, and a southeast-northwest dipolemode connected to the conventional eastern Pacific ENSO. The seasonal evolution of the ENSO effect on TC activity is further explored via a joint empirical orthogonal function analysis using TC track density of consecutive seasons, and the analysis reveals that two types of ENSO are at work. Internal variability in TC track density is then examined using ensemble simulations from both HiRAM and a regional atmospheric model. It exhibits prominent spatial and seasonal patterns, and it is particularly strong in the South China Sea and along the coast of East Asia. Thismakes an accurate prediction and projection of TClandfall extremely challenging in these regions. In contrast, basin-integrated metrics (e.g., total TC counts and TC days) are more predictable.
Quantum degradation of the second order phase transition
Creators: name: Stishov, S. M.
name: Petrova, A. E.
name: Gavrilkin, S. Yu.
name: Klinkova, L. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The specific heat, magnetization and thermal expansion of single crystals of antiferromagnetic insulator EuTe, measured at temperatures down to 2 K and in magnetic fields up to 90 kOe, demonstrate non trivial properties. The Neel temperature, being 9.8 K at H=0, decreases with magnetic field and tends to zero at 76 kOe, therefore forming a quantum critical point. The heat capacity and thermal expansion coefficient reveal lambda-type anomalies at the second order magnetic phase transition at low magnetic fields, evolving to simple jumps at high magnetic fields and low temperatures, well described in a fluctuation free mean-field theory. The experimental data and the corresponding analysis favor the quantum concept of effective increasing space dimensionality at low temperatures that suppresses a fluctuation divergence at a second order phase transition.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
The Aging Workforce: Electricity Industry Challenges and Solutions
Creators: name: Lave, Lester B
name: Ashworth, Michael
name: Gellings, Clark
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Recruiting and training new workers have become essential skills for companies. As senior workers retire, companies must find ways to keep the essential knowledge for running the company from walking out the door.
Merger Effects on the Spin and Shape Alignments of Galaxy Stellar, Cold and Hot Gas, and Dark Matter Components
Creators: name: Lee, Jounghun
name: Moon, Jun-Sung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a numerical evidence supporting the scenario that the peculiar alignments of the galaxy stellar spins with the major principal axes of the local tidal tensors are produced during the quiescent evolution period when the galaxies experience no recent merger events. Analyzing the merger tree from the TNG300-1 simulation of the IllustrisTNG project, we find the latest merger epochs, $a(z_{m})$, of the galaxies, and create four $a(z_{m})$-selected samples that are controlled to share the identical mass and density distributions. For each sample, we determine the spin and shape vectors of the galaxy stellar, cold and hot gas, and dark matter components separately, and compute the average strengths of their alignments with the principal directions of the local tidal fields as well as their mutual alignment tendencies. It is found that the stellar (cold gas) spin axes of the galaxies whose latest merger events occur at earlier epochs are more strongly aligned (weakly anti-aligned) with the major principal axes of the tidal fields. It is also shown that although the mass-dependent transition of the galaxy DM spins have little connection with the merger events, the morphologies, spin-shape and shape-shear alignment strengths of the galaxy four components sensitively depend on $a(z_{m})$. Noting that the stellar components of the galaxies which undergo long quiescent evolution have distinctively oblate shapes and very strong spin-shape alignments, we suggest that the local tidal field might be traced by using the stellar shapes of galaxies without signatures of mergers as a proxy of their stellar spins.
description: accepted for publication in ApJ, 11 figures, revised version
Affine Defects and Gravitation
Creators: name: Petti, R. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that the structure general relativity (GR) as a theory of affine defects is deeper than the standard interpretation as a metric theory of gravitation. Einstein-Cartan theory (EC), with its inhomogenous affine symmetry, should be the standard-bearer for GR-like theories. A discrete affine interpretation of EC (and gauge theory) yields topological definitions of momentum and spin (and Yang Mills current), and their conservation laws become discrete topological identities. Considerations from quantum theory provide evidence that discrete affine defects are the physical foundation for gravitation.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures. This paper was published in Gen Rel Grav Journal, vol 33, 1, p 209-217, 2001
Additional file 1 of Metabolites of Xenorhabdus bacteria are potent candidates for mitigating amphibian chytridiomycosis
Creators: name: Ujszegi, János
name: Boros, Zsófia
name: Fodor, András
name: Vajna, Balázs
name: Hettyey, Attila
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Ecology
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplementary Material 1
Ocean Surface Roughness from Satellite Observations and Spectrum Modeling of Wind Waves
Creators: name: Hwang, Paul A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many wind wave spectrum models provide excellent wave height prediction given the input of wind speed and wave age. Their quantification of the surface roughness, on the other hand, varies considerably. The ocean surface roughness is generally represented by the mean square slope, its direct measurement in open ocean remains a challenging task. Microwave ocean remote sensing from space delivers ocean surface roughness information. Satellite platforms offer global coverage in a broad range of environmental conditions. This paper presents lowpass mean square slope (LPMSS) data obtained by spaceborne microwave altimeters and reflectometers operating at L, Ku, and Ka bands (about 1.6, 14, and 36 GHz). The LPMSS data represent the spectrally integrated ocean surface roughness with 11, 95, and 250 rad/m upper cutoff wave numbers, the maximum wind speeds are 80, 29, and 25 m/s, respectively. A better understanding of the ocean surface roughness is important to the goal of improving wind wave spectrum modeling. The analysis presented in this paper shows that over two orders of magnitude of the wave number range (0.3 to 30 rad/m), the spectral components follow a power function relating the dimensionless spectrum and the ratio between wind friction velocity and wave phase speed. The power function exponent is 0.38, which is considerable smaller than unity as expected from the classical equilibrium spectrum function. It may suggest that wave breaking is not only an energy sink but also a source of roughness generation covering a wideband of wavelengths about 20 m and shorter.
description: 36 pages including 2 supplements, 10 figures
The Economics of Energy Options
Creators: name: Lave, Lester B.
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Increasing demand for energy, diminishing stocks of oil and natural gas, and the public's desire to enhance environmental quality, particularly by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, all point to the need for improved materials. For example, generating electricity from the most abundant fossil fuel, coal, efficiently and with no environmental damage, presents notable challenges to develop higher performance materials. Technologies exist to transform one fossil fuel to other uses, such as coal to a gas or liquid. New materials that increase the efficiency of the transformation and lower its cost would provide valuable flexibility. Materials should be evaluated in terms of their entire life-cycle in order to discern which will make the greatest contribution. Because society has many pressing needs, both commercial value and contribution to fundamental materials science should guide priorities in materials research.
TiNy Titans: The Role of Dwarf-Dwarf Interactions in the Evolution of Low Mass Galaxies
Creators: name: Stierwalt, S.
name: Besla, G.
name: Patton, D.
name: Johnson, K.
name: Kallivayalil, N.
name: Putman, M.
name: Privon, G.
name: Ross, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce TiNy Titans (TNT), the first systematic study of star formation and the subsequent processing of the interstellar medium in interacting dwarf galaxies. Here we present the first results from a multiwavelength observational program based on a sample of 104 dwarf galaxy pairs selected from a range of environments within the SDSS and caught in various stages of interaction. The TNT dwarf pairs span mass ratios of M1/M2 <10, projected separations <50 kpc, and pair member masses of 7< log(M_*/Msun) <9.7. The dwarf-dwarf merger sequence, as defined by TNT, demonstrates conclusively and for the first time that the star formation enhancement observed for massive galaxy pairs also extends to dwarfs. Star formation is enhanced in paired dwarfs in otherwise isolated environments by a factor of 2.3 (+/- 0.7) at pair separations < 50 kpc relative to unpaired analogs. Starbursts, with Ha EQW >100 A, occur in 20% of TNT dwarf pairs, regardless of environment, compared to only 6-8% of matched unpaired dwarfs. Starbursts can be triggered throughout the merger (out to large pair separations) and not just approaching coalescence. Despite their enhanced star formation, most TNT dwarf pairs have similar gas fractions relative to unpaired dwarfs. Thus, there may be significant reservoirs of diffuse, non-starforming gas surrounding the dwarf pairs or the gas consumption timescales may be long in the starburst phase. The only TNT dwarf pairs with low gas fractions (fgas <0.4) and the only dwarfs with Ha EQW <2 A are found near massive galaxy hosts. Thus, dwarf-dwarf interactions are significant drivers of dwarf galaxy evolution, but ultimately environment is responsible for the quenching of star formation. This work is a precursor to an ongoing high resolution HI and optical imaging program to constrain the spatial distribution of star formation and gas throughout the dwarf-dwarf merger sequence.
description: Submitted to ApJ. Appendix will be made available as online material upon acceptance and publication
The economics of predation: What drives pricing when there is learning-by-doing?
Creators: name: Besanko, David
name: Doraszelski, Ulrich
name: Galak, Jeffrey
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Predatory pricing—a deliberate strategy of pricing aggressively in order to eliminate competitors—is one of the more contentious areas of antitrust policy and its existence and efficacy are widely debated. The purpose of this paper is to formally characterizes predatory pricing in a modern industry dynamics framework. We endogenize competitive advantage and industry structure through learning-by-doing. We show that we can isolate and measure a firm’s predatory incentives by decomposing the equilibrium pricing condition. Our decomposition maps into existing economic definitions of predation and provides us with a coherent and flexible way to develop alternative characterizations of a firm’s predatory incentives. We ask three interrelated questions. First, when does predation-like behavior arise? Second, what drives pricing and, in particular, how can we separate predatory incentives for pricing aggressively from efficiency-enhancing incentives for pricing aggressively in order to move further down the learning curve? Third, what is the impact of predatory incentives on industry structure, conduct, and performance? We find that predation-like behavior arises for wide range of parametrizations, and our decomposition-based definitions are successful in isolating predatory incentives in the sense that eliminating them leads to improvements in long-term measures of market structure, conduct and performance. It also appears that consumers might be valuing short-term benefits of low predatory price more than the cost of future monopolization.
Classifying and Localizing Neurons from High Density Electrode Array Recordings
Creators: name: delgado ruz, isabel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Neurosciences not elsewhere classified

description: Journal of Neuroscience Methods paper. We present heuristics an algorithms to localize in 3D and classify based on morphology and electrophysiological parameters neurons recorded in vivo from deep Primary
Towards the emergence of the fifth wave of terrorism in the world
Creators: name: Esmailzadeh, Yaser
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Political science not elsewhere classified

description: Undoubtedly today terrorism is an important player in the international arena. A strategic look at the waves of terrorism in the world shows strong evidence for the emergence of a new wave of terrorism in the world. the present article seeks to answer the main question of what the fifth wave of terrorism will be in the region of West Asia and North Africa. Based on what has worked as terrorism in the region of West Asia and North Africa in the 21st century, "semi-state terrorism" seems to be the new wave of terrorism. A wave that controls parts of the territory of a weak state and maintains its rule there, as well as carrying out terrorist attacks against other countries. According to the global terrorism wave indices, in order to consider the fifth wave, the new terrorism phenomenon must be global, have the same driving force, and also be significantly different from the previous wave. It is obvious that semi-state terrorism, as a new wave of terrorism, is different from the fourth wave of religious terrorist groups. This aspect of terrorism prioritizes land control, participates in a wider range of government and governance activities (not just social services), seeks more power, and has takfiri ideologies. Finally, the article concludes that the phenomenon of semi-state terrorism has the potential to become a global wave if it continues to spread.
Variation in life history traits and total community biomass in demersal fish along temperature clines
Creators: name: van Denderen, Daniel
name: Collie, Jeremy
name: Andersen, Ken
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Demersal fish
Fish growth
Community biomass
Metabolic theory of ecology
Temperature clines

description: Poster presentation at the fifth workshop on Trait-based Approaches to Ocean Life -Knoxville, TN, USA, January 24th-27th 2022. Demersal bottom-living fish are a globally important fish guild. Future projections suggest that demersal fish community biomass
 and potential fisheries production will decline in most marine regions. Here we examine demersal fish trait variation along temperature clines to evaluate these global predictions.
The effective diffusivity of ordered and freely evolving bubbly suspensions
Creators: name: Loisy, Aurore
name: Naso, Aurore
name: Spelt, Peter D. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the dispersion of a passive scalar such as the concentration of a chemical species, or temperature, in homogeneous bubbly suspensions, by determining an effective diffusivity tensor. Defining the longitudinal and transverse components of this tensor with respect to the direction of averaged bubble rise velocity in a zero mixture velocity frame of reference, we focus on the convective contribution thereof, this being expected to be dominant in commonly encountered bubbly flows. We first extend the theory of Koch et al. (1989) (which is for dispersion in fixed beds of solid particles under Stokes flow) to account for weak inertial effects in the case of ordered suspensions. In the limits of low and of high Péclet number, including inertial effect of the flow does not affect the scaling of the effective diffusivity with respect to the Péclet number. These results are confirmed by direct numerical simulations performed in different flow regimes, for spherical or very deformed bubbles and from vanishingly small to moderate values of the Reynolds number. Scalar transport in arrays of freely rising bubbles is considered by us subsequently, using numerical simulations. In this case, the dispersion is found to be convectively enhanced at low Péclet number, like in ordered arrays. At high Péclet number, the Taylor dispersion scaling obtained for ordered configurations is replaced by the one characterizing a purely mechanical dispersion, like in random media, even if the level of disorder is very low.
Workhorse minimally-empirical dispersion-corrected density functional, with tests for weakly-bound systems: r$^{2}$SCAN+rVV10
Creators: name: Ning, Jinliang
name: Kothakonda, Manish
name: Furness, James W.
name: Kaplan, Aaron D.
name: Ehlert, Sebastian
name: Brandenburg, Jan Gerit
name: Perdew, John P.
name: Sun, Jianwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: SCAN+rVV10 has been demonstrated to be a versatile van der Waals (vdW) density functional that delivers good predictions of both energetic and structural properties for many types of bonding. Recently, the r$^{2}$SCAN functional has been devised as a revised form of SCAN with improved numerical stability. In this work, we refit the rVV10 functional to optimize the r$^{2}$SCAN+rVV10 vdW density functional, and test its performance for molecular interactions and layered materials. Our molecular tests demonstrate that r$^{2}$SCAN+rVV10 outperforms its predecessor SCAN+rVV10 in both efficiency (numerical stability) and accuracy. This good performance is also found in lattice constant predictions. In comparison with benchmark results from higher-level theories or experiments, r$^{2}$SCAN+rVV10 yields excellent interlayer binding energies and phonon dispersions for layered materials.
Discrete Breather and Soliton-Mode Collective Excitations in Bose-Einstein Condensates in a Deep Optical Lattice with Tunable Three-body Interactions
Creators: name: Alakhaly, Galal Ahmed
name: Dey, Bishwajyoti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the dynamic evolution of the collective excitations in Bose-Einstein condensates in a deep optical lattice with tunable three-body interactions. Their dynamics is governed by a high order discrete nonlinear Schrodinger equation (DNLSE). The dynamical phase diagram of the system is obtained using the variational method. The dynamical evolution shows very interesting features. The discrete breather phase totally disappears in the regime where the three-body interaction completely dominates over the two-body interaction. The soliton phase in this particular regime exists only when the soliton line approaches the critical line in the phase diagram. When weak two-body interactions are reintroduced into this regime, the discrete breather solutions reappear, but occupies a very small domain in the phase space. Likewise, in this regime, the soliton as well as the discrete breather phases completely disappear if the signs of the two-and three-body interactions are opposite. We have analysed the causes of this unusual dynamical evolution of the collective excitations of the Bose-Einstein condensate with tunable interactions. We have also performed direct numerical simulations of the governing DNLS equation to show the existence of the discrete soliton solution as predicted by the variational calculations, and also to check the long term stability of the soliton solution.
description: 20 pages, 6 figures , Accepted for publication in Eur. Phys. J. D (EPJ D)
The economics of predation: What drives pricing when there is learning-by-doing?
Creators: name: Besanko, David
name: Doraszelski, Ulrich
name: Kryukov, Yaroslav
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Predatory pricing—a deliberate strategy of pricing aggressively in order to eliminate competitors—is one of the more contentious areas of antitrust policy and its existence and efficacy are widely debated. The purpose of this paper is to formally characterizes predatory pricing in a modern industry dynamics framework. We endogenize competitive advantage and industry structure through learning-by-doing. We show that we can isolate and measure a firm’s predatory incentives by decomposing the equilibrium pricing condition. Our decomposition maps into existing economic definitions of predation and provides us with a coherent and flexible way to develop alternative characterizations of a firm’s predatory incentives. We ask three interrelated questions. First, when does predation-like behavior arise? Second, what drives pricing and, in particular, how can we separate predatory incentives for pricing aggressively from efficiency-enhancing incentives for pricing aggressively in order to move further down the learning curve? Third, what is the impact of predatory incentives on industry structure, conduct, and performance? We find that predation-like behavior arises for wide range of parametrizations, and our decomposition-based definitions are successful in isolating predatory incentives in the sense that eliminating them leads to improvements in long-term measures of market structure, conduct and performance. It also appears that consumers might be valuing short-term benefits of low predatory price more than the cost of future monopolization.
RadioAstron as a target and as an instrument: Enhancing the Space VLBI mission's scientific output
Creators: name: Duev, Dmitry A.
name: Zakhvatkin, Mikhail V.
name: Stepanyants, Victor A.
name: Calves, Guifré Molera
name: Pogrebenko, Sergei V.
name: Gurvits, Leonid I.
name: Cimò, Giuseppe
name: Bahamón, Tatiana Bocanegra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The accuracy of orbit determination has a strong impact on the scientific output of the Space VLBI mission RadioAstron. The aim of this work is to improve the RadioAstron orbit reconstruction by means of sophisticated dynamical modelling of its motion in combination with multi-station Doppler tracking of the RadioAstron spacecraft. The improved orbital solution is demonstrated using Doppler measurements of the RadioAstron downlink signal and by correlating VLBI observations made by RadioAstron with ground-based telescopes using the enhanced orbit determination data. Orbit determination accuracy has been significantly improved from ~ 600 m in 3D position and ~ 2 cm/s in 3D velocity to several tens of metres and mm/s, respectively.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures. Astronomy and Astrophysics, accepted