Archaeological Testing Report for the Cyprus Miami Leach Facilities Expansion Project, Gila County, Central Arizona
Creators: name: Yoder, Thomas D.
Publisher: name: SWCA, Inc. Environmental Consultants
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Arizona (State / Territory)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/335/arizona-state-territory
subject: Pinal (County)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/3961/pinal-county
subject: Tonto Basin
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/92/tonto-basin
subject: Classic Period
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/125/classic-period
subject: Pre-Classic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/6288/pre-classic
subject: Late Archaic Period
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/7330/late-archaic-period
subject: Prehistoric
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/53/prehistoric
subject: Ceramic Period
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/5688/ceramic-period
subject: Hohokam
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/21/hohokam
subject: Huhugam
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/8166/huhugam
subject: AR-03-12-02-550 (TNF)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/117200/ar-03-12-02-550-tnf
subject: AR-03-12-02-549 (TNF)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/117199/ar-03-12-02-549-tnf
subject: AZ V:9:336 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/117202/az-v9336-asm
subject: AZ V:9:348 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/117201/az-v9348-asm
subject: AR-03-12-02-528 (TNF)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/117204/ar-03-12-02-528-tnf
subject: AZ V:9:346 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/117203/az-v9346-asm
subject: AZ V:9:347 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/117206/az-v9347-asm
subject: AR-03-12-02-541 (TNF)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/117205/ar-03-12-02-541-tnf
subject: AZ V:9:344 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/104088/az-v9344-asm
subject: AZ V:9:345 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/117208/az-v9345-asm
subject: AR-03-12-02-548 (TNF)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/117207/ar-03-12-02-548-tnf
subject: AZ V:9:352 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/104090/az-v9352-asm
subject: AR-03-12-02-536 (TNF)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/117209/ar-03-12-02-536-tnf
subject: AZ V:9:327 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/104092/az-v9327-asm
subject: AZ V:9:342 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/104091/az-v9342-asm
subject: AZ V:9:343 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/104094/az-v9343-asm
subject: AZ V:9:357 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/101388/az-v9357-asm
subject: Agricultural or Herding
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/273/agricultural-or-herding
subject: Concrete Foundation
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/1330/concrete-foundation
subject: Corral
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/276/corral
subject: Artifact Scatter
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/340/artifact-scatter
subject: Vernacular-Style Structure
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/3572/vernacular-style-structure
subject: Ranch
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/1145/ranch
subject: Midden
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/347/midden
subject: Trash Midden
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/351/trash-midden
subject: Mine
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/290/mine
subject: check dams
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/1026/check-dams
subject: House
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/259/house
subject: Mine Tunnels
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/291/mine-tunnels
subject: Pit
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/355/pit
subject: Roasting Pit / Oven / Horno
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/357/roasting-pit-oven-horno
subject: Pit House / Earth Lodge
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/263/pit-house-earth-lodge
subject: Rock Alignment
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/360/rock-alignment
subject: Road
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/299/road
subject: Pollen
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/13/pollen
subject: Shell
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/14/shell
subject: Wood
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/15/wood
subject: Ceramic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/1/ceramic
subject: Chipped Stone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/2/chipped-stone
subject: Fauna
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/4/fauna
subject: Fire Cracked Rock
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/5/fire-cracked-rock
subject: Glass
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/6/glass
subject: Ground Stone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/7/ground-stone
subject: Macrobotanical
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/10/macrobotanical
subject: Metal
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/11/metal
subject: Artifact Analysis
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/3318/artifact-analysis
subject: Data Recovery / Excavation
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/5/data-recovery-excavation
subject: Records Search / Inventory Checking
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/8/records-search-inventory-checking
subject: Site Evaluation / Testing
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/10/site-evaluation-testing

description: SWCA, Inc., Environmental Consultants (SWCA) has conducted archaeological testing at 24 sites at the request of Tonto National Forest (TNF), the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), and the Cyprus Miami Mining Corporation (CMMC). The Leach Facilities Expansion Project (CMMC Project), whose purpose is to extend CMMC's mining operations, will impact 31 archeological sites located within the proposed project study areas. Seven of these are Native American sites that were considered eligible for the National Register based on survey data, so no testing was conducted on these sites. Archaeological testing was conducted on 24 sites, however, and the results of this operation are discussed in this document. Of the sites investigated during the testing phase, 9 are Native American in origin and date to the Prehistoric, Protohistoric, or Historical periods, 13 are associated with the Historical Period, and two exhibit both Native American and Historical components. Eighteen of the 24 sites that were tested are recommended by SWCA to be eligible for the National Register. Seven Historic Contexts were identified that pertain to Native American sites: Archaic Period settlement, PreClassic Period settlement, Classic Period socio-political-ideological systems, Classic Period subsistence, Classic Period exchange-trade-commerce, Classic Period demography, and Apache/Yavapai Period settlement. Native American Chronology was also an important issue to be considered. The Native American sites were classified by four property types: residential/habitation sites (n=3), temporary residential sites (n=6), resource procurement/processing sites (n=7), and agricultural sites (n=2). Temporally, most of the Native American sites within the project area date to Classic Period Salado occupations, although three sites exhibited evidence of possible Late Archaic and/or Apache occupations. Five Historic Contexts were addressed for Historical sites: Historical Period demography, Historical Period technology and industry, Historical Period exchange-trade-commerce. Historical Period subsistence, and Historical Period government activity. Historical Period Chronology was also considered. Historical Period sites include eight property types: trash dump (n = l), ranch (n = l), cabin (n=2), quarry/mine (n=4), mining camp/settlement/town (n=2), commercial or industrial structure/site (n=2), CCC/WPA camp or project (n= 1), and transportation feature (n=2).