cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Separating the Influence of Material Composition and Local Defects on the Voc of CIGS Solar Modules
Creators: name: Hepp, J.
name: Vetter, A.
name: Hofbeck, B.
name: Camus, C.
name: Hauch, J.
name: Brabec, C.J.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: Thin Film Photovoltaics
CI(G)S, CdTe and Related Thin Film Solar Cells and Modules

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1010-1012
description: In spite of the steadily improved quality of co-evaporated Cu(In,Ga)Se2 absorber layers, the existence
of local defects affecting the module performance in large area production can still be an issue. Generally, both, lateral
composition gradients and point defects can be found in those layers. We show the necessity to separate these
two influences and propose two measurement techniques in order to asses the effect of the material and the defects
individually. In oder to quantify the theoretical defect-free open circuit voltage (Voc), given by the material composition,
we used luminescence spectroscopy. The additional effect on the Voc originating from local defects was determined
using dark lock-in thermography. The combination of both these methods enables a local prediction of a module’s
Voc. In the following, we conduct an indepth analysis of the determination of the material composition and its
impact on the resulting Voc.
Lower-dimensional Limits of Cubic Lovelock Gravity
Creators: name: Alkac, Gokhan
name: Ozen, Gokcen Deniz
name: Suer, Gun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we obtain the lower-dimensional limits $(p=2,3,4,5,6)$ of cubic Lovelock gravity through a regularized Kaluza-Klein reduction. By taking a flat internal space for simplicity, we also study the static black hole solutions in the resulting theories. We show that the solutions match with the ones obtained from the "naive limit" of $D$-dimensional equation for the metric function, which is obtained by first scaling the relevant couplings by a factor of $\frac{1}{D-p}$ and then taking the limit $D\to p$, with one important exception: In 4D, one obtains the expected solution only for the black hole with a planar horizon.
description: 11 pages + appendix; v2: minor corrections, references added; v3: introduction and section 2 improved, more references and a link to Mathematica files added; v4: Title changed, introduction and last section revised, version to appear in Nuclear Physics B; v5: 2 references about Lovelock black holes added, minor typo in the expression for black hole temperature on page 4 corrected
Resonant algebras and gravity
Creators: name: Durka, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $S$-expansion framework is analyzed in the context of a freedom in closing the multiplication tables for the abelian semigroups. Including the possibility of the zero element in the resonant decomposition and associating the Lorentz generator with the semigroup identity element leads to the wide class of the expanded Lie algebras introducing interesting modifications to the gauge gravity theories. Among the results, we find all the Maxwell algebras of type $\mathfrak{B}_m$, $\mathfrak{C}_m$, and recently introduced $\mathfrak{D}_m$. The additional new examples complete resulting generalization of the bosonic enlargements to an arbitrary number of the Lorentz-like and translational-like generators. Some further prospects concerning enlarging the algebras are discussed, along with providing all the necessary constituents for constructing the gravity actions based on the obtained results.
description: 17 pages, v3 (improved version prepared for publication in JPhysA)
Adaptación de la metodología definida por la UICN para la determinación del índice de biodiversidad neto positivo de El Dorado
Creators: name: Beltrán Viracachá, Jenny Pilar
name: Mesa Esteban, Rodrigo Alejandro
name: Montenegro Castañeda, Yeison Iván
name: Ruiz, Claudia Elizabeth
name: Sandoval Ortiz, Sonia Amparo
name: Suárez Ortíz, Diana
Publisher: name: Universidad Externado de Colombia
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Conservación de la diversidad biológica - Aspectos sociales
subject: Diversidad biológica - Aspectos ambientales
subject: Aeropuertos - Equipo y accesorios
subject: Biodiversidad
subject: Impacto neto positivo
subject: Ganancia neta
subject: Aeropuerto
subject: Metodología

description: El Marco Global para la Biodiversidad post 2020 Kunming-Montreal (GBF) adoptado en la 15ª Conferencia de las Partes del Convenio sobre la Diversidad Biológica (CBD) de las Naciones Unidas en diciembre de 2022, dio la pauta y el mensaje de urgencia para la transformación de los sistemas productivos, al señalar el papel del sector empresarial en la toma medidas urgentes que reduzcan los impactos negativos y aumenten los impactos positivos, alineados con la misión para detener y revertir la pérdida de biodiversidad al 2030. La Ganancia Neta o Impacto Neto Positivo (INP), busca la mejora neta de las características de la biodiversidad. Teniendo en cuenta lo estipulado por la IUCN, “para determinar la Ganancia Neta de Biodiversidad (BNG) o el Impacto Neto Positivo (INP), el presente documento recopila los resultados obtenidos en cada una de las fases del proyecto de Capstone para la adaptación de la metodología definida por la UICN para la determinación del índice de biodiversidad neto positivo de El Aeropuerto Internacional el Dorado de Bogotá, que se basa en tres fases: (i) establecimiento de un compromiso con la biodiversidad; (ii) medición de la No Pérdida Neta y/o Impacto Neto Positivo; (iii) reporte y divulgación.
description: The post-2020 Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF), adopted at the 15th Conference of the Parties to the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in December 2022, provided the direction and urgent message for transforming production systems by emphasizing the role of the business sector in reducing negative impacts and increasing the positive ones in alignment with the mission to halt and reverse biodiversity loss by 2030. The concept of Net Gain, or Net Positive Impact (NPI), aims for a net improvement in biodiversity features. In accordance to the guidelines set by the IUCN, to determine Biodiversity Net Gain (BNG) or Net Positive Impact (NPI), this document synthesizes the results obtained in each stage of the Capstone project, for adapting the methodology to determine the Net Positive Biodiversity Index for El Dorado International Airport in Bogota. This study is based on three phases: (i) establishing a commitment to biodiversity;(ii) measuring No Net Loss and/or Net Positive Impact; (iii) reporting and disclosure.
Reverse-Breakdown Stability of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin-Film Solar Cells
Creators: name: Richter, M.
name: Vrenegor, M.
name: Parisi, J.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: Thin Film Photovoltaics
CI(G)S, CdTe and Related Thin Film Solar Cells and Modules

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1017-1019
description: Understanding stability issues of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) modules upon shading is of high relevance
regarding applications such as building integrated photovoltaics. With this study, we try to answer the question if the
reason for breakdown damage and irreversible defect formation is either a high reverse voltage or a high breakdown
current that is imposed to a (shaded) cell in a module. Therefore, reverse current or reverse voltage was applied to a
large number of cells and the maximum stress before the cells are damaged was identified to value the resilience. We
studied the influence of illumination, light soaking and defects that were already observed in advance. It was found
that the voltage, more precisely, the electric field is responsible for the destructive process. We infer this by highly
varying maximum current resilience and compared to this, relatively constant maximum voltage values. In case of
illuminating the solar cell, the current resilience is drastically increasing. This in turn imply that a total shading of the
cell is detrimental for the lifetime of the module. A light soaking treatment is beneficial for the resilience, while
minor shunt defects do not harm the stability.
Laboratory Modes Systems to Explore Approaches to Control Oral Biofilms
Creators: name: Samarian, Derek
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Oral Microbiology
subject: Microbiology and Immunology
subject: Science (General)
subject: Science

description: Dental caries and periodontal disease are a significant global health burden, affecting an estimated 3 billion people worldwide. The financial implications are immense, with billions of dollars spent each year to combat these issues in the United States alone. While many factors affect oral health, biofilms that develop on the tooth surface and in the gingival crevice play a large role in determining disease status. Most current treatment options rely on biofilm control with strategies focusing on both physical removal and chemical antimicrobial treatments. In vitro model systems provide a useful resource for better understanding the formation and development of oral biofilms and can aid in new and novel antibiofilm treatments. Each model system presents its own set of strengths and weaknesses. A new model system was designed and created using 3D printing technology to address some of the limitations of current systems, including cost and accessibility. The 3D printed multifunctional biofilm device (MBD) was successfully used to grow environmentally germane oral multispecies biofilms containing bacterial species found in the oral environment and was validated using antimicrobials and oral healthcare products. Mannitol is a sugar alcohol that is used as a food additive and artificial sweetener. Other polyols have been suggested to aid in oral health, but mannitol is not widely studied in this context. Three model systems were used to assess the effects of oral biofilm development in the presence of mannitol. Depending on the model system used, biovolume either increased with the addition of mannitol or seemingly remained the same. Community analysis indicated that mannitol exposure resulted in fewer Gram-negative genera overall including some implicated in disease. L-arginine is a common amino acid. This makes it both biocompatible and environmentally friendly. Previous work was done indicating that arginine destabilizes biofilms and has the potential to enhance the antimicrobial activity of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC). CPC is a cationic quaternary ammonium compound commonly used in oral healthcare products for the treatment of dental plaque. A near real-time imaging technique was used to assess the enhancement of CPC in the presence of arginine. Over time, CPC consistently performed better in the presence of arginine when compared to CPC alone. In summary, this dissertation presents work that aims to further the understanding of oral biofilms and potential interventions. A new, easily produced model system was designed and validated alongside established model systems. Mannitol and L-arginine were evaluated for their use against oral multispecies biofilms and these may be potential agents for use in oral healthcare in the future.
Low Recombination Emitter Profile with In-Situ Oxide Passivation for Multi-Crystalline Solar Cells
Creators: name: Buchholz, F.
name: Preis, P.
name: Eisert, S.
name: Peter, C.
name: Wefringhaus, E.
name: Denafas, J.
name: Cyras, V.
name: Bellmann, M.P.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: Silicon Photovoltaics
Manufacturing & Production

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 963-966
description: In situ oxidation during phosphorus diffusion recently has been shown to enable superior surface
passivation without adding additional process steps. On the contrary, the PSG removal in diluted HF can be left out.
We have optimized such a diffusion process especially for multi crystalline wafers, taking the material requirements
in terms of thermal budget and cooling speeds into account, yielding emitter saturation current values below
60 fAcm-2. One of the reasons, why such process recipes have not yet gained widespread acceptance is that the
performance of the accordingly diffused emitters, especially on multicrystalline wafers, may vary. To our knowledge
the reasons for this behavior has not been explained, yet. We deliver an explanation by studying in depth the
passivation behavior taking the front surface and bulk passivation properties into account.
title: Mapping Memory
title: Theories in Ancient, Medieval and Early Modern Philosophy and Medicine
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Julião, Ricardo
name: Presti, Roberto Lo
name: Perler, Dominik
name: Eijk, Philip Van Der
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Body
subject: epistemology
subject: faculty
subject: medicine
subject: memory
subject: philosophy
subject: soul
subject: 900 Geschichte und Geografie::930 Geschichte des Altertums (bis ca. 499), Archäologie

description: This paper discusses theories of memory as developed by philosophers and medical writers from Graeco-Roman antiquity, the Middle Ages and the Early Modern period. While philosophers had much to say on the nature of memory and recollection, their epistemo- logical role and their relationship to other functions of the soul, medical writers concen- trated on the anatomy, physiology, pathology and indeed the therapeutics of memory and recollection. Yet the close relationship between philosophical and medical approaches was most clearly visible in discussions about the bodily location of memory, where theoretical concepts of the hierarchy of faculties of the soul were connected with clinical observations of memory failure as a result of injury or disease.
Stability Issues of Perovskite Photovoltaic Cells
Creators: name: Strachala, D.
name: Hylsky, J.
name: Vanek, J.
name: Kadlec, M.
name: Mucha, J.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: Thin Film Photovoltaics
Perovskite, Organic and Dye-Sensitised Devices

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1151-1153
description: The aim of the work was to find out an optimal way for the preparation of the stable perovskite solar
cells. During the manufacture process was created a four solar cell samples with emphasis on stable active perovskite
structure. After the perovskite solar cells were prepared, their degradation was observed and analyzed. The influence
of humidity and UV radiation began to affect solar cells. The conversion efficiency of the best sample has dropped
from MAX = 7.22 % to MAX = 5.48 % within the 20 hours.
Generalised entropy accumulation
Creators: name: Metger, Tony
name: Fawzi, Omar
name: Sutter, David
name: Renner, Renato
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Consider a sequential process in which each step outputs a system $A_i$ and updates a side information register $E$. We prove that if this process satisfies a natural "non-signalling" condition between past outputs and future side information, the min-entropy of the outputs $A_1, \dots, A_n$ conditioned on the side information $E$ at the end of the process can be bounded from below by a sum of von Neumann entropies associated with the individual steps. This is a generalisation of the entropy accumulation theorem (EAT), which deals with a more restrictive model of side information: there, past side information cannot be updated in subsequent rounds, and newly generated side information has to satisfy a Markov condition. Due to its more general model of side-information, our generalised EAT can be applied more easily and to a broader range of cryptographic protocols. As examples, we give the first multi-round security proof for blind randomness expansion and a simplified analysis of the E91 QKD protocol. The proof of our generalised EAT relies on a new variant of Uhlmann's theorem and new chain rules for the Renyi divergence and entropy, which might be of independent interest.
description: 42 pages; v2 expands introduction but does not change any results; in FOCS 2022
Earthquake Location and Magnitude Estimation with Graph Neural Networks
Creators: name: McBrearty, Ian W.
name: Beroza, Gregory C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We solve the traditional problems of earthquake location and magnitude estimation through a supervised learning approach, where we train a Graph Neural Network to predict estimates directly from input pick data, and each input allows a distinct seismic network with variable number of stations and positions. We train the model using synthetic simulations from assumed travel-time and amplitude-distance attenuation models. The architecture uses one graph to represent the station set, and another to represent the model space. The input includes theoretical predictions of data, given model parameters, and the adjacency matrices of the graphs defined link spatially local elements. As we show, graph convolutions on this combined representation are highly effective at inference, data fusion, and outlier suppression. We compare our results with traditional methods and observe favorable performance.
Fabrication of High Density Nano-Micro Hierarchical Subwavelength Structure for Enhancing Light Trapping Properties in a Few Seconds
Creators: name: Chaliyawala, H.A.
name: Ray, A.
name: Pati, R.
name: Mukhopadhyay, I.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: Silicon Photovoltaics
Heterojunction Solar Cells

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 783-786
description: Nanostructures on silicon shows a great potential for use in photovoltaic applications due to its
outstanding broadband enhancement in light-harvesting characteristics. Recently, a lot of attention is being paid to
combine silicon nanowires (SiNWs) and the Si micro-pyramidal structures (SiMPs) leading to a nano-micro
hierarchical structures (nM-Hs) to improve optoelectronic performance of various operational nanoscale devices. Here,
we have fabricated hierarchical Si structures consisting of microscale pyramids and nanoscale wires through very facile
wet anisotropy technique. The SiNWs above the SiMPs have been fabricated by Ag-induced electroless chemical
etching (ECE) in a few seconds. The morphological, optical and electrical performance of the as-prepared hierarchical
structure with time of ECE have been characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), UVVisible
spectroscopy and Hall effect measurements. The uniform distribution of disordered nanowires for various ECE
(15, 30 and 60 sec) on 4 μm long micropyramidal structure gives an indication on the formation of the subwavelength
nanocavities on the micropyramids to improve light trapping activities. The optimized hierarchical structure for 30 sec
ECE, exhibits a maximum photon collection efficiency by reducing the total reflectance Rtot to as low as ~5 % in broad
spectral range (300-1200 nm). Moreover, the resistivity drastically increases from 4.48 x 10-4 to 3.1 x 10-3 Ωcm as the
ECE time increases. In addition, the bulk concentration (n) shows one order of decrement in the values in contrast to
the carrier mobility (μ).
Topological hinge modes in Dirac semimetals
Creators: name: Zeng, Xu-Tao
name: Chen, Ziyu
name: Chen, Cong
name: Liu, Bin-Bin
name: Sheng, Xian-Lei
name: Yang, Shengyuan A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dirac semimetals (DSMs) are an important class of topological states of matter. Here, focusing on DSMs of band inversion type, we investigate their boundary modes from the effective model perspective. We show that in order to properly capture the boundary modes, $k$-cubic terms must be included in the effective model, which would drive an evolution of surface degeneracy manifold from a nodal line to a nodal point. Using first-principles calculations, we demonstrate that this feature and the topological hinge modes can be clearly exhibited in $β$-CuI. We further extend the discussion to magnetic DSMs and show that the time-reversal symmetry breaking can gap out the surface bands and hence help to expose the hinge modes in the spectrum, which could be beneficial for the experimental detection of hinge modes.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
The Gaze to Heaven: On the Topopoetics of the Body-Soul Relationship in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Period
Creators: name: Lobsien, Verena
name: Roling, Bernd
name: Selent, Cornelia
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Body-soul relation
subject: the senses
subject: Adam
subject: Suarez
subject: School of Chartres
subject: Bernardus Silvestris
subject: Metaphysical Poets
subject: Sir John Davies
subject: George Herbert
subject: 900 Geschichte und Geografie::930 Geschichte des Altertums (bis ca. 499), Archäologie

description: This project consists of three studies which examine how the cognitive faculties are hierarchically ordered and related to each other in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Period. Special attention will be paid to the epistemic relationship between the body and soul as well as the exact role and status of the senses. The following questions will be asked: how did medieval philosophy view Adam’s natural cognitive ability before the fall? How dependent was his knowledge on the senses? Which role did the School of Chartres, influenced by Plato, assign to the senses in the story of creation? How do such ‘metaphysical poets’ like John Davies or George Herbert express the connection between the body and soul and its epistemic function through the medium of poetry? All three studies are situated at the intersection between the history of philosophy and literature and seek to show how poetry and philosophy interact when addressing philosophical questions.
Propuesta regulatoria con enfoque de género para la publicidad comercial en Colombia
Creators: name: Hernandez Muñoz, Fanny Paola
Publisher: name: Universidad Externado de Colombia
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Discriminación - Aspectos sociales
subject: Consumo - Aspectos jurídicos
subject: Derecho comercial - Legislación
subject: Género
subject: Enfoque
subject: Mujer
subject: Estereotipo
subject: Violencia de género

description: La publicidad comercial emitida a través de medios masivos de comunicación es un escenario recurrente en donde se configura la vulneración de los principios constitucionales de dignidad, igualdad y no discriminación hacia la Mujer, así como los principios generales del Estatuto del Consumidor en relación con la educación del consumidor y acceso a información que permita tomar decisiones de consumo responsables fundadas en criterios justos, equitativos e incluyentes. Se observa, además, que los regímenes publicitarios actuales no incluyen un tratamiento jurídico con enfoque de género para la publicidad comercial en lo que a la mujer respecta. Existe solo una aproximación a través de códigos de auto regulación de la industria publicitaria. Se plantea, entonces, la necesidad de establecer una Propuesta Regulatoria con enfoque de género para la Publicidad Comercial en Colombia, con el propósito de que la violencia de género materializada a través la publicidad sea mitigada y eliminada mediante herramientas normativas concretas. Con ello, se espera lograr un trato diferencial a nivel propagandístico, en pro de la no discriminación hacia la mujer, la sana formación del consumidor, a la vez que una transformación de las estructuras, las prácticas y las jerarquías de la sociedad de consumo en su conjunto.
description: Commercial advertising broadcast through the mass media is a recurring scenario in which the constitutional principles of dignity, equality and non-discrimination against women are violated, as well as the general principles of the Consumer Statute in relation to consumer education and access to information that allows making responsible consumer decisions based on fair, equitable and inclusive criteria. It is also observed that the current advertising regimes in Colombia do not include a legal treatment with a gender approach for commercial advertising as far as women are concerned. There is only an approximation through self-regulation codes of the advertising industry. It is therefore necessary to establish a Regulatory Proposal with a gender approach for Commercial Advertising in Colombia, with the purpose of mitigating and eliminating gender violence materialized through advertising by means of concrete normative tools. With this, it is expected to achieve a differential treatment at the advertising level, in favor of non-discrimination towards women, the healthy formation of the consumer, as well as a transformation of the structures, practices and hierarchies of the consumer society as a whole.
Connecting the new H.E.S.S. diffuse emission at the Galactic center with the Fermi GeV excess: a combination of millisecond pulsars and heavy dark matter?
Creators: name: Lacroix, Thomas
name: Silk, Joseph
name: Moulin, Emmanuel
name: Boehm, Celine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The H.E.S.S. collaboration has reported a high-energy spherically symmetric diffuse gamma-ray emission in the inner 50 pc of the Milky Way, up to ~ 50 TeV. Here we propose a leptonic model which provides an alternative to the hadronic scenario presented by the H.E.S.S. collaboration, and connects the newly reported TeV emission to the Fermi-LAT Galactic center GeV excess. Our model relies on a combination of inverse Compton emission from a population of millisecond pulsars---which can account for the GeV excess---and a supermassive black hole-induced spike of heavy (~ 60 TeV) dark matter particles annihilating into electrons with a sub-thermal cross-section. With an up-to-date interstellar radiation field, as well as a standard magnetic field and diffusion set-up, our model accounts for the spectral morphology of the detected emission. Moreover, we show that the dark matter induced emission reproduces the spatial morphology of the H.E.S.S. signal above ~ 10 TeV, while we obtain a slightly more extended component from pulsars at lower energies, which could be used as a prediction for future H.E.S.S. observations.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures; matches version published in Phys. Rev. D
The SPEER Solar Cell – Simulation Study of Shingled Bifacial PERC-Technology-Based Stripe Cells
Creators: name: Wöhrle, N.
name: Fellmeth, T.
name: Lohmüller, E.
name: Baliozian, P.
name: Fell, A.
name: Preu, R.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: Silicon Photovoltaics
Characterisation & Simulation Methods

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 844-848
description: Increasing the output power density of a photovoltaic module is a reliable way of lowering electricity production costs. Besides increasing the solar cells’ conversion efficiency, a further option is lowering electrical and optical cell to module losses. The method of shingling singulated monofacial solar cell stripes is known since Dickson Jr.’s patent in 1956. First, it increases the packing density of active cell area in the module. Second, the active cell area is busbar-less reducing shading losses. Third, due to the reduced area of the solar cell stripes, the generated current per cell is less which results in a reduction of the overall series resistance of the cell interconnection within the module. We call our cell concept for this approach – which is based on the p-type silicon bifacial passivated emitter and rear cell (PERC) concept – “shingled passivated edge, emitter, and rear” – or “SPEER”. These cells are then to be interconnected by shingling the p-busbar of the first cell onto the n-busbar of the second cell, constituting the first bifacial shingled module of its kind. Each adjacent shingle covers the busbar with active cell area and minimizes spacing losses in the module. This work covers the optimization of the SPEER concept on cell level with the simulation tool Quokka3. The optimized cell provides the basis for full usage of the cell-to-module gains compared to standard modules. Key issues for optimizing the SPEER cells, which will form the module, concern the characteristics and amount of recombination at their cut edges. This directly affects the question of ideal contour-to-area ratio and thus, the width of the SPEER cells. Using latest experience from bifacial PERC cells and literature values for edge recombination as simulation input, we are able to define a region of interest between 15 mm and 25 mm stripe width for building the first SPEER prototypes. We identify the need for edge treatment, be it an emitter window or edge passivation, as crucial for the success of stripe cells against more conventional cell layouts.
Thin IBC c-Si Solar Cells Based on Conventional Technologies
Creators: name: Jin, C.
name: Martín, I.
name: Calle, E.
name: Ortega, P.
name: López, G.
name: Alcubilla González, R.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: Silicon Photovoltaics
Thin Film and Foil-Based Solar Cells

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 805-810
description: Reducing the wafer thickness for c-Si solar cell fabrication is an effective approach for cost-savings. Interdigitated Back Contacts (IBC) technology is a promising candidate to be applied to thin c-Si substrates due to its potential to facilitate thin device processing: thin c-Si solar cell could be processed attached to a glass with its rear surface, where all the contacts are to be defined, still accessible. The understanding of thin IBC c-Si solar cell performance has great significance in guiding the design of such devices. In this work, we explore the performance of thin IBC c-Si solar cells by both 3D TCAD device simulations and experimental fabrication based on conventional technology developed in our research group. On one hand, an optical model is proposed using 2D ray tracing method whose results are applied to 3D ATLAS TCAD simulator which is used to simulate the electrical performance of the devices. As a result, efficiencies in the range of 20 % are expected for substrates of 10-20 μm without changing our technology. On the other hand, a ~30 μm IBC solar cell is fabricated by thinning down a previously developed IBC c-Si solar cell on conventional thick high quality substrates demonstrating a 12.1% of efficiency. The front surface passivation provided by Al2O3 is deduced by comparing with the simulation results revealing a front surface recombination velocity of about 1500 cm/s.
Auger Recombination Impact for Limiting Efficiency of Silicon Solar Cells
Creators: name: Lee, J.
name: Cotton, M.K.
name: Zou, Y.
name: Herasimenka, S.Y.
name: Honsberg, C.B.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: Silicon Photovoltaics
Characterisation & Simulation Methods

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 849-852
description: The detailed balance equations including material parameters are important to predict the theoretical
efficiency for specific materials. The temperature dependence of recombination processes in silicon solar cell are
discussed due to sensitivity of electrical parameters with single junction and multiple exciton generation solar cells
(MEGSC). Among these characteristics, the impact of Auger recombination (AR) is significant in high doping or
high injection level so that the effects of AR are applied into the detailed balance equations of silicon solar cells for
single junction and multiple exciton generation concept. After we parameterize the material properties, the
temperature sensitivity of the open circuit voltage shows as the most significant impact to the efficiency. Further, we
investigate various Auger coefficient modeling to see the effect of temperature sensitivity. After detailed analyzation,
we could also find the potential benefits of using MEGSC in comparison to SJ approaches.
Notes for a Political Ecology of Non-Sedentary People
Creators: name: Bernbeck, Reinhard
name: Cubasch, Ulrich
name: Gass, Anton
name: Kaiser, Elke
name: Parzinger, Hermann
name: Pollock, Susan
name: Rowland, Joanne
name: Russo, Emmanuele
name: Schier, Wolfram
name: Tassie, Geoffrey
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Political ecology
subject: mobility
subject: environment
subject: climate
subject: landscape
subject: hunter-gatherers
subject: 900 Geschichte und Geografie::930 Geschichte des Altertums (bis ca. 499), Archäologie

description: The research group Political Ecology of Non-Sedentary Communities encompasses three research projects examining archaeological remains from various time periods in the Nile Delta, the foothills of the Kopet Dag and in the steppe region of western Eurasia; a fourth project in the group consists of climate and ecological modeling for Europe over the past 6000 years. The researchers in this group are investigating processes and dynamics which played out in different geographic spaces and different chronological periods between 9000 and 300 BCE. We propose a triad of three terms, Umgebung, Umwelt, and Mitwelt to serve as a conceptual basis for all of these projects, which vary greatly in terms of the chronological period, location and the way of life of the populations under study, as well as with respect to the archaeological database. The projects can be described on the basis of evidence of multifaceted practical actions. These actions on the part of the populations under study, revealed only fragmentarily in the archaeological record, are being investigated using the research strategies presented here. The strategies have been developed from the discussion on political ecology associated with discourses in the social sciences and humanities.
Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin Films and Modules Fabricated on Polyimide Foils by the In-Line Evaporation Process Using Thermal Cracked Selenium
Creators: name: Wang, H.
name: Liu, F.F.
name: Yao, L.Y.
name: Zhang, H.
name: Gao, P.
name: Liu, R.B.
name: Xiao, Z.B.
name: Sun, Q.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: Thin Film Photovoltaics
CI(G)S, CdTe and Related Thin Film Solar Cells and Modules

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1093-1095
description: CIGS films were fabricated by the in-line evaporation process with the thermal cracked Se. The films
growth with the thermal cracking Se temperature (Tc) rising to 600oC, had unique properties of large grain size, highly
dense smooth surfaces and appropriate carrier concentrations. The improvement on the properties of CIGS films was
attributed to the modification of the growth kinetics due to the presence of active Se-radical species. Finally, The
monolithic integrated submodule with segments of 14 and the active area of 115.9cm2 were fabricated on PI foils and
achieved the efficiency of 11.3%.
Longitude
Creators: name: Graßhoff, Gerd
name: Rinner, Elisabeth
name: Ossendrijver, Mathieu
name: Defaux, Olivier
name: Schreiber, Marvin
name: Villey, Emilie
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Ancient astronomy
subject: ancient geography
subject: cardinal directions
subject: ancient cartography
subject: Mesopo- tamia
subject: longitude
subject: lunar eclipse, history of science
subject: Gaugamela
subject: 900 Geschichte und Geografie::930 Geschichte des Altertums (bis ca. 499), Archäologie

description: This study traces the development of the concept of geographical longitude: from the ear- liest known Mesopotamian evidence of geographical concepts through its incorporation into mathematical astronomy and to its transmission to ancient Greek philosophy and scholarship. We show that there is a tight connection between the observation of lunar eclipses and the development of a quantitative representation of terrestrial longitudes. It was not until Ptolemy that geographical longitude was systematically quantified through angular differences. It is demonstrated that the ancient scholars failed in their attempts to determine geographical longitude by astronomical means, and that even certain Syriac texts which specify how to determine longitude using a planispheric astrolabe were unable to resolve this scientific challenge.
Mechanisms of Nutrient Sensing and Gene Regulation by the E. Coli Leucine-responsive Regulatory Protein, a Global Feast-Famine Transcriptional Regulator
Creators: name: Ziegler, Christine
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: leucine-responsive regulatory protein
subject: global transcriptional regulators
subject: bacteria gene regulation
subject: Biological Chemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Microbiology and Immunology
subject: Science

description: The E. coli Leucine-responsive Regulatory Protein (Lrp) belongs to an ancient and highly conserved class of transcription factors called the Feast/Famine Response Proteins (FFRPs), which are present in nearly half of all sequenced bacteria and almost all archaea. As the name suggests, these proteins can sense the environmental nutrient status by binding to one or more effector molecules (usually an amino acid) under “feast” conditions, and subsequently regulate relevant gene expression to optimize fitness of the host organism in that environment. Most FFRPs serve as local transcription factors that alter expression of one or two operons in response to an effector molecule. E. coli Lrp, on the other hand, serves a dual role as both a general nucleoid-associated protein that compacts and organizes the chromosome, and also as a global transcriptional regulator that specifically controls the expression of up to one-third of the genes in E. coli in response to environmental nutrient availability. However, despite over 50 years of research, little is known about the precise mechanisms by which Lrp senses the environmental nutrient status or how it subsequently regulates its target genes. To address these two major questions, we utilized a combination of high-throughput experiments, follow-up case studies at a handful of regions where Lrp is known to regulate gene expression, analysis of various Lrp mutants, and careful biochemical and structural studies. We determined that Lrp bridges DNA under starvation conditions to regulate gene expression, and that leucine (which is abundant in “feast” conditions) causes drastic global Lrp-mediated changes in gene expression by inhibiting Lrp bridging and reducing Lrp binding to DNA across the genome. Furthermore, we also re-characterized two previously identified “octamer-only” Lrp mutants as a leucine insensitive Lrp mutant (L136R) and a hyper-bridging Lrp variant (D114E). With respect to environmental nutrient sensing, we show that Lrp responds to a variety of metabolites aside from leucine, the most notable of which is 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG), a breakdown product of norepinephrine, which is a neurotransmitter that is highly abundant in the human gut. Unlike leucine, DHPG modulates Lrp activity by reducing the oligomerization state of Lrp from an octamer/hexadecamer to a dimer, which alters DNA binding. Collectively, these findings shed light on how E. coli Lrp regulates expression of its target genes in response to nutrient availability, while also expanding upon the known set of molecules through which Lrp senses its environment.
title: Spatial Metaphors of the Ancient World
title: Theory and Practice
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Horn, Fabian
name: Breytenbach, Cilliers
name: Biase-Dyson, Camilla Di
name: Egg, Markus
name: Fuhrer, Therese
name: Lobsien, Verena
name: Schlesier, Renate
name: Stenger, Jan
name: Trînca, Beatrice
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Metaphor analysis
subject: metaphor typology
subject: spatial metaphors
subject: orientational metaphors
subject: conceptual metaphor theory
subject: metaphorical spaces
subject: spatial thinking
subject: 900 Geschichte und Geografie::930 Geschichte des Altertums (bis ca. 499), Archäologie

description: Group C-2 of the Excellence Cluster 264 Topoi Space and Metaphor in Language, Cognition, and Texts is dedicated to the study of spatial metaphors and their functions in texts of different genres, languages, and epochs. This outline of the work of group C-2 takes as its point of departure and theoretical framework a general linguistic typology of spatial metaphors. This outline is followed by a series of case studies ranging from wisdom texts and philosophical treatises to tragedy and from Ancient Egyptian to Shakespearean English. These examples are aimed at illustrating both the challenges and the possibilities of the study and interpretation of spatial metaphors in their respective contexts.
Improvement of Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells with Argon Plasma Treatment
Creators: name: Sergeev, O.V.
name: Neumüller, A.
name: Vehse, M.
name: Agert, C.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: Silicon Photovoltaics
Heterojunction Solar Cells

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 736-739
description: The quality of interfaces in silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells is highly important for the solar cell conversion efficiency. This work studies the interface properties of hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin films on crystalline silicon wafers after argon plasma treatment (APT) compared to hydrogen plasma treated (HPT) and non-treated films. The investigation extends our previous study by examining the structural changes resulting from the post-deposition plasma treatment and corresponding influence on silicon thin film solar cells. We analyzed the infrared spectra of our samples to gain a deeper understanding of the fundamental plasma treatment effects. By using post-deposition APT and HPT, we were able to improve the structure of these layers. Our results show that APT yields a more compact material structure which provides better chemical passivation of silicon wafer surfaces. We propose to introduce APT as a post-deposition process step in the fabrication of silicon heterojunction solar cells and show preliminary results of improved performance of bifacial SHJ solar cell.
A total measure of multi-particle quantum correlations in atomic Schrödinger cat states
Creators: name: Deb, Ram Narayan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a total measure of multi-particle quantum correlation in a system of N two-level atoms (N qubits). We construct a parameter that encompasses all possible quantum correlations among N two-level atoms in arbitrary symmetric pure states and define its numerical value to be the total measure of the net atom-atom correlations. We use that parameter to quantify the total quantum correlations in atomic Schrödinger cat states, which are generated by the dispersive interaction in a cavity. We study the variation of the net amount of quantum correlation as we vary the number of atoms from N=2 to N=100 and obtain some interesting results. We also study the variation of the net correlation, for fixed interaction time, as we increase the number of atoms in the excited state of the initial system, and notice some interesting features. We also observe the behaviour of the net quantum correlation as we continuously increase the interaction time, for the general state of N two-level atoms in a dispersive cavity.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures, The final publication is available at link.springer.com, Brazilian Journal of Physics, Published online: 01 February 2017
The PC1D Diffusion Model in Thin-Film Solar Cells
Creators: name: Abenante, L.
name: Izzi, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: Silicon Photovoltaics
Characterisation & Simulation Methods

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 864-866
description: We show that the optical diffusion model embedded in the numerical simulation program PC1D systematically
underestimates light-generated currents in thin textured Si solar cells. The demonstration exploits both the
exact analytical solution to minority-carrier transport in uniformly doped regions and the fact that, at the first pass of
internal light, optical direction is determined by surface texture. We provide a simple correction procedure to remove
the detected systematic error.
A relation among tangle, 3-tangle, and von Neumann entropy of entanglement for three qubits
Creators: name: Li, Dafa
name: Cheng, Maggie
name: Li, Xiangrong
name: Li, Shuwang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we derive a general formula of the tangle for pure states of three qubits, and present three explicit local unitary (LU) polynomial invariants. Our result goes beyond the classical work of tangle, 3-tangle and von Neumann entropy of entanglement for Ac\'ın et al.' Schmidt decomposition (ASD) of three qubits by connecting the tangle, 3-tangle, and von Neumann entropy for ASD with Ac\'ın et al.'s LU invariants. In particular, our result reveals a general relation among tangle, 3-tangle, and von Neumann entropy, together with a relation among their averages. The relations can help us find the entangled states satisfying distinct requirements for tangle, 3-tangle, and von Neumann entropy. Moreover, we obtain all the states of three qubits of which tangles, concurrence, 3-tangle and von Neumann entropy don't vanish and these states are endurable when one of three qubits is traced out. We indicate that for the three-qubit W state, its average von Neumann entropy is maximal only within the W SLOCC class, and that under ASD the three-qubit GHZ state is the unique state of which the reduced density operator obtained by tracing any two qubits has the maximal von Neumann entropy.
description: 14 pages, no figure
Stability of fixed points and associated relative equilibria of the $3$-body problem on $\mathbb S^1$ and $\mathbb S^2$
Creators: name: Diacu, Florin
name: Sánchez-Cerritos, Juan Manuel
name: Zhu, Shuqiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prove that the fixed points of the curved 3-body problem and their associated relative equilibria are Lyapunov stable if the solutions are restricted to $\mathbb S^1$, but unstable if the bodies are considered in $\mathbb S^2$.
description: 17 pages, 2 figures