cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability and Inflammation in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
Creators: name: Walsh, Jessica
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Small Vessel Disease
Blood-Brain Barrier
CADASIL
Stroke
Inflammation
MRI
PET
Imaging
Neuroimaging

description: Introduction: Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is responsible for a third of strokes and is the most common cause of vascular dementia. It is characterised by white matter lesions and more diffuse damage outside of the lesions. Despite its importance, the mechanisms causing white matter damage are incompletely understood. Both increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and inflammation have been suggested to play a role. We hypothesised that BBB permeability and microglia activation would be increased in SVD and explored the relationship between these processes and other imaging, cognitive and blood markers. Methods: A PET/MR system was used to acquire simultaneous dynamic contrast enhanced MRI with Patlak modelling to measure BBB leakage, and [C11]PK-11195 PET to assess microglia activation. We recruited 20 sporadic SVD patients, 20 monogenic SVD patients (CADASIL) and 20 healthy controls to this study. Results: BBB permeability in the white matter of the sporadic SVD group was significantly higher than control (p=0.001), with a significantly higher volume of focal hotspots (p=0.010). The focal hotspots of activated microglia also had a significantly higher mean in the white matter (p<0.001). The role of BBB permeability and PK binding in CADASIL was less clear, with no difference in permeability but a significantly higher mean of focal hotspot of activated microglia in the CADASIL white matter, compared to control (p=0.015). In the sporadic SVD and CADASIL groups, the number of voxels containing both significant permeability and microglia activation was significantly lower than expected (p<0.001). Conclusion: Areas of focal increase in both BBB permeability and microglia activation occur in SVD and therefore may have a role in the pathophysiology of white matter damage. In this cross-sectional dataset, the two processes were spatially independent of one-another. However, we cannot exclude a temporal relationship, where one process may precede another, without follow-up data. Further research is needed to see if these markers predict white matter damage in longitudinal studies, and whether they can be altered therapeutically.
description: Funded by British Heart Foundation Clinical Research Excellence non-clinical PhD Studentship and Medical Research Council Experimental Medicine grant.
Laser-interferometer gravitational-wave optical-spring detectors
Creators: name: Buonanno, Alessandra
name: Chen, Yanbei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a quantum mechanical approach, we show that in a gravitational-wave interferometer composed of arm cavities and a signal recycling cavity, e.g., the LIGO-II configuration, the radiation-pressure force acting on the mirrors not only disturbs the motion of the free masses randomly due to quantum fluctuations, but also and more fundamentally, makes them respond to forces as though they were connected to an (optical) spring with a specific rigidity. This oscillatory response gives rise to a much richer dynamics than previously known, which enhances the possibilities for reshaping the LIGO-II's noise curves. However, the optical-mechanical system is dynamically unstable and an appropriate control system must be introduced to quench the instability.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures; to appear in the Proceedings of 4th Edoardo Amaldi Conference on Gravitational Waves, Perth, Australia, 8-13 July 2001
Teaching Vehicles to Anticipate: A Systematic Study on Probabilistic Behavior Prediction Using Large Data Sets
Creators: name: Wirthmüller, Florian
name: Schlechtriemen, Julian
name: Hipp, Jochen
name: Reichert, Manfred
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: By observing their environment as well as other traffic participants, humans are enabled to drive road vehicles safely. Vehicle passengers, however, perceive a notable difference between non-experienced and experienced drivers. In particular, they may get the impression that the latter ones anticipate what will happen in the next few moments and consider these foresights in their driving behavior. To make the driving style of automated vehicles comparable to the one of human drivers with respect to comfort and perceived safety, the aforementioned anticipation skills need to become a built-in feature of self-driving vehicles. This article provides a systematic comparison of methods and strategies to generate this intention for self-driving cars using machine learning techniques. To implement and test these algorithms we use a large data set collected over more than 30000 km of highway driving and containing approximately 40000 real-world driving situations. We further show that it is possible to classify driving maneuvers upcoming within the next 5 s with an Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC) above 0.92 for all defined maneuver classes. This enables us to predict the lateral position with a prediction horizon of 5 s with a median lateral error of less than 0.21 m.
description: the paper has been accepted for publication in IEEE Transcations on Intelligent Transportation Systems (T-ITS) 16 pages 13 figures 12 tables
Rupestrella michaudi subsp. michaudi michaudi (Terver 1839
Creators: name: Kokshoorn, Bas
name: Gittenberger, Edmund
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Stylommatophora
Chondrinidae
Rupestrella
Rupestrella michaudi
R. michaudi michaudi (terver, 1839)

description: R. michaudi michaudi (Terver, 1839)
Type locality: Algeria, Bougie, on the ridges of Gourayah, a mountain of about 700 m elevation, on rocks exposed to the east (36.772°N / 5.076°E).
description: Published as part of Kokshoorn, Bas & Gittenberger, Edmund, 2010, Chondrinidae taxonomy revisited: New synonymies, new taxa, and a checklist of species and subspecies (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata) 2539, pp. 1-62 in Zootaxa 2539 (1) on page 42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2539.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10094211
Multilayer network methodologies for brain data analysis and modelling
Creators: name: Dimitri, Giovanna Maria
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Multilayer networks
Neuroscience
Machine Learning

description: The term neuroscience includes in itself a plethora of research areas devoted to undercover the most fascinating complex organ of our body: the brain. A common denominator of neuroscience areas, is the need for the application of methodologies to integrate different features. In this thesis, we focused on the analysis of two types of brain data: brain data coming from Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) patients and data collected for the study of neurocognitive healthy ageing. In both cases there was the need of applying computational techniques able to integrate different features. To do so we used multilayer networks. For two groups of TBI patients (adults and paediatrics), time series data were collected from the observations of IntraCranial Pressure (ICP) and Heart Rate (HR). We first detected events of simultaneous increase of HR and ICP, which we called brain-heart crosstalks. Subsequently time series were translated into graphs, and network measures, during brain-heart crosstalks, were obtained. These were then included as predictors in a mortality outcome model, with crosstalks. Causality measures were also investigated, using a Granger causality approach, to understand the dynamics of signals during these events. We further applied multilayer networks to study neurocognitive ageing. To do so, we implemented a pipeline for community detection, which we called NetRank, applying it to the Cam-CAN, a large cross-sectional cohort for the study of healthy neurocognitive ageing. Using multilayer networks modelling, we identified subgroups of individuals, with similar lifestyles, and we related them to structural and functional brain features. We believe that multilayer networks and their extensions represent a powerful tool to be used in integrative and cross modal neuroscience datasets. New insights on cognitive neuroscience and time series analysis, can in fact be gained trough multilayer network, possibly improving patients managements and allowing to develop new predictive tools.
description: EPSRC
Supplemental References from Intraspecific male combat behaviour predicts morphology of cervical vertebrae in ruminant mammals
Creators: name: Linden, Abby Vander
name: Dumont, Elizabeth R.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: References for body mass and fighting style categories found in Supplemental Table 1
Infant Feeding Survey, 1990
Infant Feeding Survey, 1985-
IFS
Creators: name: Censuses, Office Of Population
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 1993

description: The Infant Feeding Survey (IFS) has been carried out every five years since 1975, in order to establish information about infant feeding practices. Government policy in the United Kingdom has consistently supported breastfeeding as the best way of ensuring a healthy start for infants and of promoting women's health. Current guidance on infant feeding is as follows:
breastmilk is the best form of nutrition for infants;

exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for around the first six months (26 weeks) of an infant's life;

infant formula is the only recommended alternative to breastfeeding for babies who are under 12 months old;

around six months is the recommended age for the introduction of solid foods for infants, whether breastfed or fed on breastmilk substitutes;

breastfeeding (and/or breastmilk substitutes) should continue beyond the first six months, along with appropriate types and amounts of solid foods;

mothers who are unable to, or choose not to, follow these recommendations should be supported to optimise their infants' nutrition.
 Since the IFS began, the content of the survey has evolved to reflect the prevailing government policy agenda, while recognising the importance of maintaining consistency over time to allow comparison and trend analysis. The first IFS in 1975 took place in England and Wales only. From 1980 the survey covered Scotland, while from 1990 Northern Ireland was also included. The 2005 survey was the first to provide separate estimates for England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, as well as for the UK as a whole, and to provide estimates of exclusive breast-feeding (where the baby is given only breast milk, no other liquids or solids).

Further information about the IFS series may be found on the Health and Social Care Information Centre website (search for 'Infant Feeding Survey').

The UK Data Archive holds IFS data from 1985 onwards. A separate survey, Infant Feeding in Asian Families, 1994-1996, covering England only, is held under SN 3759.

 The main aims of the 1990 survey were:
to establish how mothers feed their infants and what changes have occurred since 1985;

to investigate changes in infant feeding in the early weeks and the factors associated with these changes;

to establish the age at which solid food is introduced and to examine weaning practices up to nine months.
Typhlodromus kirinyagae El-Banhawy & Knapp 2011, n. sp.
Creators: name: El-Banhawy, E. M.
name: Knapp, M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Mesostigmata
Phytoseiidae
Typhlodromus
Typhlodromus kirinyagae

description: Typhlodromus kirinyagae El-Banhawy & Knapp n. sp.
(Fig. 92)
 Material examined. Holotype female, Kisumu, Nyanza Province, altitude 1310 m, December 7, 2005 (El-Banhawy). Paratypes, 1 female, same data as holotype; 2 females, Nyaundo Island, altitude 1400 m, December 7, 2005; 1 female, Ruma National Park, Nyanza Province, altitude 1340 m, December 9, 2005 (El Banhawy).
 Female: Dorsal shield 310 long, 165 wide. Measurements of dorsal setae: j1 14, j3 23, j416, j518, j623, j2 26, J512, z218, z3 21, z4 23, z5 16, Z4 30, Z5 40, s4 24, s6 26, S2, S4 30, S5 24, r3, R118, JV5 40. Setae Z 4, Z5, JV5 lanceolate and serrated, remaining setae short-medium and stout. Peritrematal shield fused anteriorly with dorsal shield, reaching j1. Sternal shield, distances between St I-St III 60, St II-St II 50, St III free on integument, St IV on platelets. Genital shield 60 wide. Ventri-anal shield 105 long, 62 wide, laterally concave, with a pair of very small pre-anal pores close to each other and four pairs of setae (JV1, JV2, JV3, ZV2). Two pairs of metapodal platelets, two pairs of sigillar sclerites, and four pairs of setae surrounding ventri-anal shield. Chelicera indiscernible. Spermatheca calyx broad, tubular, about 7 times as long as broad, 30 long, 4 wide, slightly flared distally, atrium conspicuous, 5 long, 4 wide. Macroseta short, St IV 21. Chaetotaxy: genu II 2, 2 / 0, 2/0, 1, genu III 1, 2 /1, 2/0, 1.
 Remarks. This species is similar to T. asperosetosus Zannou, Moraes & Oliveira. The ventri-anal pores (very small), spermatheca (long, broad, tubular), setae Z4 (smooth) and Z5 (pointed) differentiate the new species. The male is unknown
description: Published as part of El-Banhawy, E. M. & Knapp, M., 2011, Mites of the family Phytoseiidae Berlese from Kenya (Acari: Mesostigmata) 2945, pp. 1-176 in Zootaxa 2945 (1) on page 56, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2945.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5282557
Nonlinear analysis of EAS clusters
Creators: name: Zotov, M. Yu.
name: Kulikov, G. V.
name: Fomin, Yu. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply certain methods of nonlinear time series analysis to the extensive air shower clusters found earlier in the data set obtained with the EAS-1000 Prototype array. In particular, we use the Grassberger-Procaccia algorithm to compute the correlation dimension of samples in the vicinity of the clusters. The validity of the results is checked by surrogate data tests and some additional quantities. We compare our conclusions with the results of similar investigations performed by the EAS-TOP and LAAS groups.
description: 4 pages; submitted to Izv. Ros. Akad. Nauk, Ser. Fiz
Nonequilibrium polarity-induced mechanism for chemotaxis: emergent Galilean symmetry and exact scaling exponents
Creators: name: Mahdisoltani, Saeed
name: Zinati, Riccardo Ben Alì
name: Duclut, Charlie
name: Gambassi, Andrea
name: Golestanian, Ramin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: A generically observed mechanism that drives the self-organization of living systems is interaction via chemical signals among the individual elements -- which may represent cells, bacteria, or even enzymes. Here we propose a novel mechanism for such interactions, in the context of chemotaxis, which originates from the polarity of the particles and which generalizes the well-known Keller--Segel interaction term. We study the resulting large-scale dynamical properties of a system of such chemotactic particles using the exact stochastic formulation of Dean and Kawasaki along with dynamical renormalization group analysis of the critical state of the system. At this critical point, an emergent "Galilean" symmetry is identified, which allows us to obtain the dynamical scaling exponents exactly; these exponents reveal superdiffusive density fluctuations and non-Poissonian number fluctuations. We expect our results to shed light on how molecular regulation of chemotactic circuits can determine large-scale behavior of cell colonies and tissues.
description: The first three authors contributed equally
THE GROWTH OF MV RICE PRODUCTION AND ADOPTION IN BANGLADESH
Creators: name: Jabber, M. A.
name: Jones, R. Palmer
name: Jabber, M. A.
name: Jones, R. Palmer
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: The study develops a model to estimate the growth of both production and adoption of modern rice varieties (MVs) in Bangladesh. Using secondary data on the level of adoption and production of MV rice and employing various statistical tools it was found that, out of three main rice crops (Aus. Aman and Boro). Boro has shown the fastest rate of growth in recent decades. The adoption of existing technologies has almost been exhausted. Furthermore, (a) MV adoption levels in the Aman season were below the centered moving average during the period 1972-94: (b) out of 21 greater districts of Bangladesh 17 had adoption levels below 50 percent in the 1990s and the figures ranged from 20 to 70 percent because the price of rice has gone up at a relatively low rate as compared to price of vegetables, spices and production inputs: (c) access to credit, availability of family labour. supplementary irrigation, soil type and rainfall are factors influencing MV T. Aman adoption levels across all the zones: and (d) cultivation of MV T. Aman is most profitable in the non-flood/nondrought zone as expected from known characteristics of MVs. Specific barriers to MV adoption in T. Aman season are tal varietal degradation due to seed contamination: (6) lack of location specific varieties: lcl lack of insect and disease-resistant varieties; and (d) lowprice of rice compared to other commodities (especially agricultural inputs) which make it difficult for tenant farmers to benefit from growing MV T. Aman rice. The research suggests that (i) location-specific and insect and disease-resistant varieties for T. Aman season need to be developed for the diverse agrqecological rice zones: (ii) the credit facilities be provided considering the amount of land devoted to MV rice than farm size: and (iii) rice farmers are to be motivated to grow BR-28, BR29 in Boro season, replacing the previous Boro varieties.
Effects of healthy ageing on the precision of episodic memory
Creators: name: Korkki, Saana Maria
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: ageing
episodic memory
long-term memory

description: Episodic memory decline is one of the hallmarks of human cognitive ageing, but our understanding of the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying this decline remains limited. In particular, it is unclear whether healthy ageing differentially affects distinct components of episodic memory retrieval; specifically, the probability of successfully retrieving information from memory, and the quality, or precision, of the retrieved memory representations. The research reported in this PhD thesis used continuous measures of memory retrieval to dissociate these two alternative sources of age-related memory deficits and their cognitive and neural underpinnings, providing more detailed insight into the nature of age-related episodic memory decline. Two behavioural experiments reported in Chapter 2 provided initial evidence for differential effects of healthy ageing on the success and precision of episodic memory retrieval, suggesting greater sensitivity of mnemonic precision to age-related declines. Chapter 3 assessed whether these decreases in memory precision are specific to long-term memory or may be explained by age-related decreases in the fidelity of perceptual or working memory processes. The results from this experiment demonstrated that age-related reductions in the precision of episodic memory retrieval persisted after controlling for decreases in the fidelity of perception and working memory, suggesting a predominantly long-term memory basis for this deficit. The functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging experiments reported in Chapters 4 and 5 sought to elucidate the neural basis of age-related changes in the success and precision of episodic memory retrieval. Results from Chapter 4 revealed distinct encoding and retrieval contributions to the decreases in these two aspects of memory retrieval exhibited by older adults. At retrieval, age-related reductions in activity associated with successful memory retrieval were observed in the hippocampus, while decreases in activity underlying the precision of memory retrieval were evident in the angular gyrus. Furthermore, at encoding, age-related decreases in activity predicting both later success and precision of memory retrieval were evident in the fusiform gyrus, while prefrontal reductions were observed in the encoding activity predicting the subsequent success of memory retrieval only. In addition to these functional changes, Chapter 5 provided evidence for the role of structural integrity of the lateral parietal cortex in individual differences in mnemonic precision across older adults. Together, the results reported in this thesis highlight the sensitivity of memory precision to age-related cognitive decline, and suggest both distinct and common factors underlying age-related decreases in the success and precision of episodic memory retrieval.
Typhlodromus makuyus El-Banhawy & Knapp 2011, n. sp.
Creators: name: El-Banhawy, E. M.
name: Knapp, M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Mesostigmata
Phytoseiidae
Typhlodromus
Typhlodromus makuyus

description: Typhlodromus makuyus El-Banhawy & Knapp n. sp.
(Fig. 95)
 Material examined. Holotype female, Kenya, Nyaundo Island, Nyanza Province, altitude 1300 m, December 7, 2005 (El-Banhawy).
 Female: Dorsal shield imbricate, 285 long, 155 wide, with five pairs of pores. Measurements of dorsal setae: j1, j3 21, j418, j516, j6 23, J2 25, J5 7, z2 16, z3 23, z4 25, z518, Z4 30, Z5 51, s4, s6 24, S2 27, S4 30, S5 14, r3, R1 18, JV5 37. Setae Z 4, Z5 knobbed and serrated, JV5 knobbed, remaining setae smooth. Peritrematal shield fused anteriorly with dorsal shield, reaching level of j1. Sternal shield, distances between St I-St III 60, St II-St II 64, St III off shield, St IV on platelets. Genital shield 60 wide. Ventri-anal shield 100 long, 62 wide, with a very small pair of pre-anal pores and four pairs of pre-anal setae (JV1, JV2, JV3, ZV2). Two pairs of metapodal platelets, two pairs of sigillar sclerites and four pairs of setae surrounding ventri-anal shield. Chelicera indiscernible. Spermatheca calyx bell-shaped, 12 long, atrium small, 3 long. Macrosetae, Sge IV 14, Sti IV 18, St IV 28. Chaetotaxy: genu II 2, 2 / 0, 2/0, 1, genu III 1, 2 /1, 2/0, 1.
 Remarks. This species is similar to T. drymis, however, the knobbed setae Z4 and JV5, the very small pre-anal pores and the number of knobbed macrosetae on leg IV will separate these species. The male is unknown.
description: Published as part of El-Banhawy, E. M. & Knapp, M., 2011, Mites of the family Phytoseiidae Berlese from Kenya (Acari: Mesostigmata) 2945, pp. 1-176 in Zootaxa 2945 (1) on page 57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2945.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5282557
Detecting a decline in serial homicide: Have we banished the devil from the details?
Creators: name: Yaksic, Enzo
name: Allely, Clare
name: Raneesha De Silva
name: Smith-Inglis, Melissa
name: Konikoff, Daniel
name: Ryan, Kori
name: Gordon, Dan
name: Denisov, Egor
name: Keatley, David A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology
subject: Computational Biology

description: The current research provides perspective regarding the true prevalence of serial murderers in modern society and addresses the conflict between the evidenced decline in serial homicide and the viewpoint that the phenomenon is increasing. The likelihood that serial murderers are responsible for most unresolved homicides and missing persons is examined in the context of a declining prevalence. A mixed methods approach was used, consisting of a review of a sample of unresolved homicides, a comparative analysis of the frequency of known serial homicide series and unresolved serial homicide series, and semi-structured interviews of experts. In failing to become serial killers, aspiring and probable serial killers and spree killers have impacted the rate of serial murder by not reaching their potential. The past decade contained almost half the cases (13%) that existed at the 1980s peak of serial homicide (27%). Only 282 (1.3%) strangled females made up the 22,444 unresolved homicides reviewed. Most expert respondents thought it unreasonable that any meaningful proportion of missing persons cases are victims of serial homicide. Technology, shifts in offending behavior, proactive law enforcement action, and vigilance of society have transformed serial killing and aids in viewing offenders as people impacted by societal shifts and cultural norms. The absence of narrative details inhibited some aspects of the review. An exhaustive list of known unresolved serial homicide series remained elusive as some missing persons are never reported. Future research should incorporate those intending to murder serially, but whose efforts were stalled by arrest, imprisonment, or death.
Multipartite Entanglement Analysis From Random Correlations
Creators: name: Knips, Lukas
name: Dziewior, Jan
name: Kłobus, Waldemar
name: Laskowski, Wiesław
name: Paterek, Tomasz
name: Shadbolt, Peter J.
name: Weinfurter, Harald
name: Meinecke, Jasmin D. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum entanglement is usually revealed via a well aligned, carefully chosen set of measurements. Yet, under a number of experimental conditions, for example in communication within multiparty quantum networks, noise along the channels or fluctuating orientations of reference frames may ruin the quality of the distributed states. Here we show that even for strong fluctuations one can still gain detailed information about the state and its entanglement using random measurements. Correlations between all or subsets of the measurement outcomes and especially their distributions provide information about the entanglement structure of a state and also enable to witness genuine multipartite entanglement. As long as the rate of entanglement generation is sufficiently high, this method overcomes any type and strength of localized unitary noise.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, journal version
Rupestrella michaudi subsp. isseriana
Creators: name: Kokshoorn, Bas
name: Gittenberger, Edmund
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Stylommatophora
Chondrinidae
Rupestrella
Rupestrella michaudi
R. michaudi isseriana (pilsbry, 1918)

description: R. michaudi isseriana (Pilsbry, 1918)
Type locality: Algeria, Gorge de Palestro (36.577°N / 3.568°E).
description: Published as part of Kokshoorn, Bas & Gittenberger, Edmund, 2010, Chondrinidae taxonomy revisited: New synonymies, new taxa, and a checklist of species and subspecies (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata) 2539, pp. 1-62 in Zootaxa 2539 (1) on page 43, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2539.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10094211
Supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories with local coupling: The supersymmetric gauge
Creators: name: Kraus, E.
name: Rupp, C.
name: Sibold, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supersymmetric pure Yang-Mills theory is formulated with a local, i.e. space-time dependent, complex coupling in superspace. Super-Yang-Mills theories with local coupling have an anomaly, which has been first investigated in the Wess-Zumino gauge and there identified as an anomaly of supersymmetry. In a manifest supersymmetric formulation the anomaly appears in two other identities: The first one describes the non-renormalization of the topological term, the second relates the renormalization of the gauge coupling to the renormalization of the complex supercoupling. Only one of the two identities can be maintained in perturbation theory. We discuss the two versions and derive the respective beta function of the local supercoupling, which is non-holomorphic in the first version, but directly related to the coupling renormalization, and holomorphic in the second version, but has a non-trivial, i.e.anomalous, relation to the beta function of the gauge coupling.
description: References corrected
SOCIAL RETURNS TO RICE RESEARCH IN BANGLADESH
Creators: name: Deb, Uttam Kumar
name: Mustafi, B.A.A.
name: Deb, Uttam Kumar
name: Mustafi, B.A.A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Using economic surplus technique, the study estimates ex-post returns to rice research in Bangladesh for the period 1970-92 and ex - ante returns to rice research at BRRI- to be conducted during the period 1996-2000. The estimated results show that during 1970-92, rice research has generated an amount of TK. 12314 million to the society and the marginal internal rate of return (MIRR) to rice research during this period was 252 percent and the benefit cost ratio (BCR) was 35.83. Ex - ante returns to research estimates show that on-going BRRI research(during 1996-2000) would generate 8700 million taka while the estimated MIRR is 160 percent- when the potential benefits are realized for 1,5 vears. The study concludes that T. A man should be the highest priority rice crop followed by Boro and T. Aus and B. Aman in terms of resource allocation at the BRRI during the period 1996-2000.
backbone: An R Package for extracting the backbone of bipartite projections
Creators: name: Domagalski, Rachel
name: Neal, Zachary
name: Sagan, Bruce
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Bipartite projections are used in a wide range of network contexts including politics (bill co-sponsorship), genetics (gene co-expression), economics (executive board co-membership), and innovation (patent co-authorship). However, because bipartite projections are always weighted graphs, which are inherently challenging to analyze and visualize, it is often useful to examine the 'backbone', an unweighted subgraph containing only the most significant edges. In this paper, we introduce the R package backbone for extracting the backbone of weighted bipartite projections, and use bill sponsorship data from the 114th session of the United States Senate to demonstrate its functionality.
Evolution of the Ionizing Radiation Background and Star Formation in the Aftermath of Cosmological Reionization
Creators: name: Cen, Renyue
name: McDonald, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The temporal evolution of the ionizing UV background radiation field at high redshift provides a probe of the evolution of the early star formation rate. By comparing the observed levels of absorption in the highest redshift quasar spectra to the predictions of a hydrodynamic simulation, we determine the evolution of the photoionization rate Gamma for neutral hydrogen in the intergalactic medium, over the redshift range 4.9 < z < 6.1. After accounting for sampling variance, we infer a sharp increase in Gamma from z~6.1 to z~5.8, probably implying reionization at this redshift. We find a decrease in Gamma from z~5.6 to 5.2, at 3sigma significance. This feature is a generic signature in the aftermath of reionization, entirely consistent with the cosmological reionization process being completed at z~6.1. This generic feature is a result of a significant change in the star formation rate subsequent to the cosmological reionization. There is an abrupt rise of the temperature of the intergalactic medium due to photo-heating, when it is reionized. This translates to a correspondingly sudden jump in the Jeans mass and a dramatic suppression of gas accretion onto the most abundant (sub-galactic) halos at the epochs of interest. The star formation rate suffers a temporary setback in the aftermath of reionization, resulting in a temporary decrease in the amplitude of the ionizing radiation field.
description: submitted to ApJ Letters, 10 pages, added discussion of model dependence of Gamma, corrected small numerical error in Ly-beta constraint
AGRICULTURAL PRICES AND MONEY SUPPLY : EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN
Creators: name: Sajid, G. M.
name: Javed, Azhar
name: Sajid, G. M.
name: Javed, Azhar
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: The objective of the study is to explore the direction of causality between money supply and agricultural prices in Pakistan. Two definitions of money supply, i.e., Ml and M2, and three measures of agricultural prices, i. e., prices of wheat, rice and food are used. The annual data for the period 1960-61 to 1996-97 is analyzed to check the causal relationship between money supply and agriculture prices. The econometric techniques of cointegration and error-correction modelling are employed to analyze the direction of causality. We find evidence of feedback relationship between money supply (M2) and prices of wheat and food. The unidirectional causality runs from money supply (Ml ) to price of wheat. The money supply (MI) as well as (M2) affect the price of rice hut no feedback is found.
Rupestrella brondeli
Creators: name: Kokshoorn, Bas
name: Gittenberger, Edmund
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Stylommatophora
Chondrinidae
Rupestrella
Rupestrella brondeli

description: Rupestrella brondeli (Bourguignat, 1864)
Type locality: Algeria, Pescade point (36.818°N / 3.010°E).
description: Published as part of Kokshoorn, Bas & Gittenberger, Edmund, 2010, Chondrinidae taxonomy revisited: New synonymies, new taxa, and a checklist of species and subspecies (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata) 2539, pp. 1-62 in Zootaxa 2539 (1) on page 43, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2539.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10094211
FARMING SYSTEMS FOR EROSION CONTROL AND SUSTAINED PRODUCTION IN DRYLANDS OF THE OUTER HIMALAYAN REGION
Creators: name: Dhyani, B. L.
name: Dogra, Pradeep
name: Srivastava, A. K.
name: Dhyani, B. L.
name: Dogra, Pradeep
name: Srivastava, A. K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Farm Management

description: Optimal farm plans with existing as well existing plus improved technologies were developed for small and medium farm groups to maximize farm income and minimize soil loss using linear programming technique. The application of this technique to soil and water conservation problems has not been done before. A perusal of the optimal plans developed under various programming situations revealed that for small farms, minimization of soil loss with only exiting technology may not be acceptable as the farm income from such a plan was only Rs 2.999 though the soil loss was only 3.7 t ha-1 yr-1. This income was much less than that from the existing (subsistence) plan (Rs 9,762). Farmers give more priority to having high farm income than to having low soil loss. In case of optimal plans for small farms developed with existing plus improved technologies. any of the two would be acceptable since both are giving better incomes than the present one (Rs 9.762). Hence for small farms improved technology would help a lot in improving the farm income without incurring high soil loss. In case of the medium farm category. minimization of soil loss with only existing technology would give almost the same income as from the present plan (Rs 16.876) but with a much lower level of soil loss (4.5 t ha -1 yr-1). With improved technology, farm income would be more than double (Rs 35, 505) the existing level of income, and, that too at the same rate of soil loos (23 t ha-1 yr -1). Minimization of soil loss with improved level of technology would also give a better inceome than the existing one but with a very low soil loss rate (3.9 t ha-1 yr-1). Hence for medium farm category, though improved technology can boost the farm income with much lower or almost same rate of soil loss, even existing technology if optimally utilized can reduce soil loss without compromising the farm income. Thus the study concludes that efficient resource management with improved package of crop production technologies holds the key for prosperity.
Towards a right of peoples to participation in global governance
Creators: name: Jones, Natalie
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: global governance
international law
indigenous peoples
self-determination
human rights
collective rights
group rights
participation

description: This thesis develops an account of the right of peoples to participate in global governance affecting them. It starts by exploring at a conceptual level the principle of self-determination in international law and its associated rights, showing that the law of self-determination has evolved in a remedial and relational way to address situations of the dominance of peoples by states. The thesis outlines the rise of international organizations and global governance and the accompanying shift of regulatory authority from the national to the global level, and demonstrates that the activities of international organizations can profoundly affect peoples' rights and interests. On this basis, it argues that a new remedy is required: a right of peoples to participate in global governance activities affecting them, with correlative obligations held by states and international organizations. The thesis explores the scope and limitations of the proposed right. The thesis shows that, doctrinally speaking, positive international law lends some, limited support to the existence of the proposed right, but that, ultimately, a right of peoples to participate in global governance is not (yet) part of positive international law. The thesis draws on empirical research regarding the practice of international organizations and states to assess the extent to which the proposed right constrains the behaviour of international organizations and states acting through them, creating an extensive map of practice. It explores a myriad of instances of mechanisms, policies, and practices adopted by international organizations enabling peoples to be heard in processes affecting them, suggesting that there is an emerging standard of conduct corresponding to the proposed right and obligations. It will suggest that this practice is in part motivated by a belief that the participation of peoples in matters concerning them enables international organizations to more effectively carry out their functions and fulfil their mandates.
description: Funding was received from the Commonwealth Scholarship Commission, the Whewell Scholarship, and Graduate Women New Zealand.
Electronic Supplemental Material from Contrasting drivers of diversification rates on islands and continents across three passerine families
Creators: name: Conway, Meaghan
name: Olsen, Brian J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Supplementary tables and figures referenced in the main text
WAS FERTILIZER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM ALONE RESPONSIBLE FOR SHORTFALL OF BORO RICE PRODUCTION IN BANGLADESH IN 1995?
Creators: name: Jaim, W. M. H.
name: Islam, M. Nazrul
name: Jaim, W. M. H.
name: Islam, M. Nazrul
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: It is generally alleged that defective fertilizer distribution system which created artificial crisis of Urea was mainly responsible for shortfall of Boro rice production in 1995. Based on macro level as well as micro level data, the present study mainly aimed at investigating whether there were other important factors which aggravated the production environment in that year. The analysis showed that there was an absolute shortage of Urea supply during the peak period (January-March) of fertilizer demand in 1995 Boro season. Further, additional demand as a result of increased area under Boro paddy and high price of Aman rice at the end of 1994 also contributed to higher Urea rice in 1995 Boro season. Increased fertilizer prices also caused significant reduction in its use which affected Boro production. In addition to fertilizer (Urea) crisis, severe drought in the Boro season of 1995 significantly increased cost of irrigation and additional cost of irrigation was found to be more than that of fertilizer cost. Therefore, fertilizer crisis along with drought condition affected yield as well as farmers profitability in 1995 Boro season. Particularly, production of small farmers was mostly affected since compared to rich and medium farmers they spent less on these high ost inputs. The findings indicated that even under privatized distribution system, government intervention may be needed to ensure fertilizer at the right time, in the right quantity and at the right price. Further, more research is needed to assess impact of drought on production even with irrigation facilities.
Rupestrella kabyliana
Creators: name: Kokshoorn, Bas
name: Gittenberger, Edmund
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Stylommatophora
Chondrinidae
Rupestrella
Rupestrella kabyliana

description: Rupestrella kabyliana (Letourneux, 1870)
Type locality: Algeria, rocks of Tablabalt near Fort Napoleon (36.637°N / 4.201°E).
 Notes.—Two samples of ‘ Pupa penchinatiana ’ from Algeria in the Colln Bourguignat (BG12985, 12986), most probably belong to R. kabyliana. The shells have (1) more prominent and regular riblets, expecially on the spire, (2) the apertural teeth are more prominent, (3) the apertural lip is somewhat reflexed, without being conspicuously thickened, and (4) the apical whorls are in general slightly more slender. The differences are slight indeed, which makes once more clear that the genera Chondrina and Rupestrella cannot be distinguished unequivocally on the basis of only shell characters.
description: Published as part of Kokshoorn, Bas & Gittenberger, Edmund, 2010, Chondrinidae taxonomy revisited: New synonymies, new taxa, and a checklist of species and subspecies (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata) 2539, pp. 1-62 in Zootaxa 2539 (1) on page 43, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2539.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10094211
Average four-genus of two-bridge knots
Creators: name: Baader, S.
name: Kjuchukova, A.
name: Lewark, L.
name: Misev, F.
name: Ray, A.
Publisher: name: University of Bern
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/02k7v4d05
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: We prove that the expected value of the ratio between the smooth four-genus and the Seifert genus of two-bridge knots tends to zero as the crossing number tends to infinity.
Random fragmentation of turbulent molecular clouds lying in the central region of giant galaxies
Creators: name: Paul, Suman
name: Chattopadhyay, Tanuka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A stochastic model of fragmentation of molecular clouds has been developed for studying the resulting Initial Mass Function (IMF) where the number of fragments, inter-occurrence time of fragmentation, masses and velocities of the fragments are random variables. Here two turbulent patterns of the velocities of the fragments have been considered, namely, Gaussian and Gamma distributions. It is found that for Gaussian distribution of the turbulent velocity, the IMFs are shallower in general compared to Salpeter mass function. On the contrary, a skewed distribution for turbulent velocity leads to an IMF which is much closer to Salpeter mass function. The above result might be due to the fact that strong driving mechanisms e.g. shocks, arising out of a big explosion occurring at the centre of the galaxy or due to big number of supernova explosions occurring simultaneously in massive parent clouds during the evolution of star clusters embedded into them are responsible for stripping out most of the gas from the clouds. This inhibits formation of massive stars in large numbers making the mass function a steeper one.
description: 26 pages, 4 figures
Supplemental Materials from Testing predictability of disease outbreaks with a simple model of pathogen biogeography
Creators: name: Dallas, Tad A.
name: Carlson, Colin J.
name: Poisot, Timothée
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Health Care
subject: Diseases
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Further model development and testing
Dynamics of spherically symmetric spacetimes: hydrodynamics and radiation
Creators: name: Salgado, Marcelo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the 3+1 formalism of general relativity we obtain the equations governing the dynamics of spherically symmetric spacetimes with arbitrary sources. We then specialize for the case of perfect fluids accompanied by a flow of interacting massless or massive particles (e.g. neutrinos) which are described in terms of relativistic transport theory. We focus in three types of coordinates: 1) isotropic gauge and maximal slicing, 2) radial gauge and polar slicing, and 3) isotropic gauge and polar slicing.
description: submitted to Phys. Rev. D, 46 pages, RevTex file, no figures
European State Finance Database; Seventeenth Century French Revenues and Expenditure, Malet Files
Seventeenth Century French Revenues and Expenditure, Malet Files
Creators: name: Bonney, R.
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 1993

description: The European State Finance Database (ESFD) is an international collaborative research project for the collection of data in European fiscal history. There are no strict geographical or chronological boundaries to the collection, although data for this collection comprise the period between c.1200 to c.1815. The purpose of the ESFD was to establish a significant database of European financial and fiscal records. The data are drawn from the main extant sources of a number of European countries, as the evidence and the state of scholarship permit. The aim was to collect the data made available by scholars, whether drawing upon their published or unpublished archival research, or from other published material.

The ESFD project at the University of Leicester serves also to assist scholars working with the data by providing statistical manipulations of data and high quality graphical outputs for publication. The broad aim of the project was to act as a facilitator for a general methodological and statistical advance in the area of European fiscal history, with data capture and the interpretation of data in key publications as the measurable indicators of that advance. The data were originally deposited at the UK Data Archive in SAS transport format and as ASCII files; however, data files in this new edition have been saved as tab delimited files. Furthermore, this new edition features documentation in the form of a single file containing essential data file metadata, source details and notes of interest for particular files.