cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Classical small systems coupled to finite baths
Creators: name: Hasegawa, Hideo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the properties of a classical $N_S$-body system coupled to a bath containing $N_B$-body harmonic oscillators, employing an $(N_S+N_B)$ model which is different from most of the existing models with $N_S=1$. We have performed simulations for $N_S$-oscillator systems, solving $2(N_S+N_B)$ first-order differential equations with $N_S \simeq 1 - 10$ and $N_B \simeq 10 - 1000$, in order to calculate the time-dependent energy exchange between the system and the bath. The calculated energy in the system rapidly changes while its envelope has a much slower time dependence. Detailed calculations of the stationary energy distribution of the system $f_S(u)$ ($u$: an energy per particle in the system) have shown that its properties are mainly determined by $N_S$ but weakly depend on $N_B$. The calculated $f_S(u)$ is analyzed with the use of the $Γ$ and $q$-$Γ$ distributions: the latter is derived with the superstatistical approach (SSA) and microcanonical approach (MCA) to the nonextensive statistics, where $q$ stands for the entropic index. Based on analyses of our simulation results, a critical comparison is made between the SSA and MCA. Simulations have been performed also for the $N_S$-body ideal-gas system. The effect of the coupling between oscillators in the bath has been examined by additional ($N_S+N_B$) models which include baths consisting of coupled linear chains with periodic and fixed-end boundary conditions.
description: 30 pages, 16 figures; the final version accepted in Phys. Rev. E
The Role of Sensitivity in Inland Water Transport Planning: The Case of the Tennessee-Tombigbee
Creators: name: Carroll, Joseph L.
name: Rao, Srikanth
name: Carroll, Joseph L.
name: Rao, Srikanth
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1978
Subjects: Public Economics

description: Presented at the 19th Transportation Research Forum meeting, Oct. 24-26, 1978, New York, NY
Density Approximations for Multivariate Affine Jump-Diffusion Processes
Creators: name: Filipović, Damir
name: Mayerhofer, Eberhard
name: Schneider, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Computational Finance (q-fin.CP)
subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 41, 62F15, 60J75, 60J75, 60H30, 60E10, 62P20, 62M05, 62M86

description: We introduce closed-form transition density expansions for multivariate affine jump-diffusion processes. The expansions rely on a general approximation theory which we develop in weighted Hilbert spaces for random variables which possess all polynomial moments. We establish parametric conditions which guarantee existence and differentiability of transition densities of affine models and show how they naturally fit into the approximation framework. Empirical applications in credit risk, likelihood inference, and option pricing highlight the usefulness of our expansions. The approximations are extremely fast to evaluate, and they perform very accurately and numerically stable.
DESIGN & ANALYSIS OF A CONTROLLED MULTI-LEVEL CONVERTER
Creators: name: Samiul Haque Chowdhury
name: Shahrukh Rahman
name: Md. Wahiduzzaman Talukder
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 90699 Electrical and Electronic Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this modern world power electronics is spread out everywhere. An important area of power electronics is converter. A converter can control voltage as well as convert one form to another form. In last few decades’ lots of researchers developed different types of converter to convert voltage one form to another form and for control the voltage level. However, voltage controlling mechanism of existing converter is very complex and a single converter is required to convert one form of voltage. Additionally, the sizes of the converters are huge and equipment was not available and the controlling system was not so easy. Furthermore, for AC-AC, AC-DC, DC-DC, DC-AC conversion total 4 types and 4 numbers of converters are required. To overcome these problems recently many researchers, give enormous attention to develop multilevel converter and to reduce the controlling complexity as much possible. In this context, in this thesis we have designed a multilevel converter which is able to do multiple conversion smoothly. We have designed this circuit in such a way that the required equipment are available everywhere and the size of the circuit is not so large as well as the controlling mechanism is so much easy. In this converter we combined AC-AC, AC-DC , DC-AC, DC-DC converters. To design and characterize the theoretical performances of multilevel converter MATLAB Simulink software has been used. Finally, we implemented this multilevel converter and evaluate the performances and compared with theoretical data.
DESIGN & ANALYSIS OF A CONTROLLED MULTI-LEVEL CONVERTER
Creators: name: Samiul Haque Chowdhury
name: Shahrukh Rahman
name: Md. Wahiduzzaman Talukder
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 90699 Electrical and Electronic Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this modern world power electronics is spread out everywhere. An important area of power electronics is converter. A converter can control voltage as well as convert one form to another form. In last few decades’ lots of researchers developed different types of converter to convert voltage one form to another form and for control the voltage level. However, voltage controlling mechanism of existing converter is very complex and a single converter is required to convert one form of voltage. Additionally, the sizes of the converters are huge and equipment was not available and the controlling system was not so easy. Furthermore, for AC-AC, AC-DC, DC-DC, DC-AC conversion total 4 types and 4 numbers of converters are required. To overcome these problems recently many researchers, give enormous attention to develop multilevel converter and to reduce the controlling complexity as much possible. In this context, in this thesis we have designed a multilevel converter which is able to do multiple conversion smoothly. We have designed this circuit in such a way that the required equipment are available everywhere and the size of the circuit is not so large as well as the controlling mechanism is so much easy. In this converter we combined AC-AC, AC-DC , DC-AC, DC-DC converters. To design and characterize the theoretical performances of multilevel converter MATLAB Simulink software has been used. Finally, we implemented this multilevel converter and evaluate the performances and compared with theoretical data.
Some Observations on Domestic Freight Forwarding in Canada and the United States - An Hitherto Neglected Component of the Transportation Universe
Creators: name: Sloss, James
name: Harrington, Ian E.
name: Sloss, James
name: Harrington, Ian E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1978
Subjects: Public Economics

description: Presented at the 19th Transportation Research Forum meeting, Oct. 24-26, 1978, New York, NY
ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ   ХИРУРГИЧЕСКОГО ЛЕЧЕНИЯ ДИССЕМИНИРОВАННОГО ЭХИНОКОККОЗА ОРГАНОВ БРЮШНОЙ ПОЛОСТИ
Creators: name: Ботиров, А.К.
name: Отакузиев, А.З.
name: Бозоров, Н.Э
name: Абдулхаева, Б.Х.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: При хирургическом лечении эхинококкоза, тем более диссеминированного эхинококкоза (ДЭ) органов брюшной полости, основные нерешенные вопросы сводятся к определению объема предоперационной подготовки, вопросов этапности оперативных вмешательств, определению тактики по отношению к доступу и выбора наиболее подходящего метода ликвидации остаточной полости и способа обработки остаточной полости (ОП).
Galactic Coronae in the Intracluster Environment: Semi-confined Stellar-feedback-driven Outflows
Creators: name: Lu, Zhankui
name: Wang, Q. Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently X-ray observations have shown the common presence of compact galactic coronae around intermediate-mass spheroid galaxies embedded in the intracluster/intragroup medium (ICM). We conduct 2-D hydrodynamic simulations to study the quasi-steady-state properties of such coronae as the natural products of the ongoing distributed stellar feedback semi-confined by the thermal and ram pressures of the ICM. We find that the temperature of a simulated corona depends primarily on the specific energy of the feedback, consistent with the lack of the correlation between the observed hot gas temperature and K-band luminosity of galaxies. The simulated coronae typically represent subsonic outflows, chiefly because of the semi-confinement. As a result, the hot gas density increases with the ICM thermal pressure. The ram pressure, on the other hand, chiefly affects the size and lopsidedness of the coronae. The density increase could lead to the compression of cool gas clouds, if present, and hence the formation of stars. The increase also enhances radiative cooling of the hot gas, which may fuel central supermassive black holes, explaining the higher frequency of active galactic nuclei observed in clusters than in the field. The radiation enhancement is consistent with a substantially higher surface brightness of the X-ray emission detected from coronae in cluster environment. The total X-ray luminosity of a corona, however, depends on the relative importance of the surrounding thermal and ram pressures. These environment dependences should at least partly explain the large dispersion in the observed diffuse X-ray luminosities of spheroids with similar stellar properties. Furthermore, we show that an outflow powered by the distributed feedback can naturally produce a positive radial gradient in the hot gas entropy, mimicking a cooling flow.
description: accepted by MNRAS, comments are welcome
Understanding cellular response to drugs and toxins with yeast genomics tools
Creators: name: Ogbede, Joseph Uchechukwu
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2022

description: Advances in genomics and drug discovery have been accelerated by the introduction of new technologies for screens of increasing complexity. A key test bed for these technologies is yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), a valuable experimental model for understanding the mechanism of action (MOA) of compounds. Unfortunately, some of these screening approaches are, by necessity, biased, while others may not be suitable to address the intended research questions. This thesis used the unbiased yeast chemical genomics and phenomics tools to investigate cellular response to diverse drugs, toxins and mycoparasite-prey interactions. First, I characterized the genome-wide effects of N-nitrosamines and their metabolites, and revealed diverse evolutionarily conserved genes and pathways that mediate their toxicity, including arginine biosynthesis, DNA damage repair, mitochondrial genome integrity and vacuolar protein sorting. I further showed that overexpression of ARG3 (ornithine carbamoyltransferase) confers resistance to N-nitrosamines. In my second project, I identified candidate genes and pathways that could mediate interactions between two yeasts. I observed that resistance and sensitivity to predation by Saccharomycopsis schoenii could be time-dependent, and identified Saccharomyces cerevisiae deletion strains (hits) that were resistant and sensitive to S. schoenii. Genes lacking in the resistant strains are involved in cell wall integrity, arginine/lysine biosynthesis, and oxidative stress response. Conversely, the sensitive strains lack genes involved in endocytosis, vacuolar protein sorting, and cell size regulation. The third project provided data that can help define MOA of anthracycline chemotherapeutics using a multipronged approach. The data showed that some anthracyclines (doxorubicin, daunorubicin and epirubicin) exhibited higher potency in cells grown on glycerol versus glucose media. It further indicated that doxorubicin and daunorubicin MOA may involve mitochondrial processes that are not linked to mitochondrial DNA. I uncovered a spectrum of anthracycline response profiles, and showed that cellular effects of anthracyclines can be distinguished. Using whole genome sequencing, I identified mutations from doxorubicin-resistant clones, and showed that overexpression of ARL1 (ADP ribosylation factor like GTPase 1) and SSL2 (member of RNA polymerase transcription factor TFIIH complex) confers resistance to anthracyclines. Together, my work characterized candidate genes and pathways that could be required in cellular response to chemical perturbation.
The MSSM confronts the precision electroweak data and the muon g-2
Creators: name: Cho, Gi-Chol
name: Hagiwara, Kaoru
name: Matsumoto, Yu
name: Nomura, Daisuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We update the electroweak study of the predictions of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) including the recent results on the muon anomalous magnetic moment, the weak boson masses, and the final precision data on the Z boson parameters from LEP and SLC. We find that the region of the parameter space where the slepton masses are a few hundred GeV is favored from the muon g-2 for \tanβ\ltsim 10, whereas for \tanβ\simeq 50 heavier slepton mass up to \sim 1000 GeV can account for the reported 3.2 σdifference between its experimental value and the Standard Model (SM) prediction. As for the electroweak measurements, the SM gives a good description, and the sfermions lighter than 200 GeV tend to make the fit worse. We find, however, that sleptons as light as 100 to 200 GeV are favored also from the electroweak data, if we leave out the jet asymmetry data that do not agree with the leptonic asymmetry data. We extend the survey of the preferred MSSM parameters by including the constraints from the b \to s γtransition, and find favorable scenarios in the minimal supergravity, gauge-, and mirage-mediation models of supersymmetry breaking.
description: 40 pages, 12 figures. v2: minor changes, references added, version to appear in JHEP
Assessment of gene expressions from squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck to predict radiochemotherapy-related xerostomia and dysphagia
Creators: name: Yahya, Noorazrul
name: Linge, Annett
name: Leger, Karoline
name: Maile, Till
name: Kemper, Max
name: Haim, Dominik
name: Jöhrens, Korinna
name: Troost, Esther G. C.
name: Krause, Mechthild
name: Löck, Steffen
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: We tested the hypothesis that gene expressions from biopsies of locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients can supplement dose-volume parameters to predict dysphagia and xerostomia following primary radiochemotherapy (RCTx). A panel of 178 genes previously related to radiochemosensitivity of HNSCC was considered for nanoString analysis based on tumour biopsies of 90 patients with locally advanced HNSCC treated by primary RCTx. Dose-volume parameters were extracted from the parotid, submandibular glands, oral cavity, larynx, buccal mucosa, and lips. Normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) models were developed for acute, late, and for the improvement of xerostomia grade ≥2 and dysphagia grade ≥3 using a cross-validation-based least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) approach combined with stepwise logistic regression for feature selection. The final signatures were included in a logistic regression model with optimism correction. Performance was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). NTCP models for acute and late xerostomia and the improvement of dysphagia resulted in optimism-corrected AUC values of 0.84, 0.76, and 0.70, respectively. The minimum dose to the contralateral parotid was selected for both acute and late xerostomia and the minimum dose to the larynx was selected for dysphagia improvement. For the xerostomia endpoints, the following gene expressions were selected: RPA2 (cellular response to DNA damage), TCF3 (salivary gland cells development), GBE1 (glycogen storage and regulation), and MAPK3 (regulation of cellular processes). No gene expression features were selected for the prediction of dysphagia. This hypothesis-generating study showed the potential of improving NTCP models using gene expression data for HNSCC patients. The presented models require independent validation before potential application in clinical practice.
Electronic Transport in Disordered Bilayer and Trilayer Graphene
Creators: name: Yuan, Shengjun
name: De Raedt, Hans
name: Katsnelson, Mikhail I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed numerical study of the electronic transport properties of bilayer and trilayer graphene within a framework of single-electron tight-binding model. Various types of disorder are considered, such as resonant (hydrogen) impurities, vacancies, short- or long-range Gaussian random potentials, and Gaussian random nearest neighbor hopping. The algorithms are based on the numerical solution of the time-dependent Schr ödinger equation and applied to calculate the density of states and conductivities (via the Kubo formula) of large samples containing millions of atoms. In the cases under consideration, far enough from the neutrality point, depending on the strength of disorders and the stacking sequence, a linear or sublinear electron-density dependent conductivity is found. The minimum conductivity $σ_{\min}\approx 2e^{2}/h$ (per layer) at the charge neutrality point is the same for bilayer and trilayer graphene, independent of the type of the impurities, but the plateau of minimum conductivity around the neutrality point is only observed in the presence of resonant impurities or vacancies, originating from the formation of the impurity band.
description: 14 pages, 11 figures
Ergebnisse einer Meinungsumfrage in Peking
Creators: name: Schier, Peter
Publisher: name: China aktuell
Year: 2023

description: Mitarbeiter der in Hongkong erscheinenden linken Zeitschrift Dongxiang (Der Trend) (1) erhielten Ende letzten Jahres als erste Ausländer die Genehmigung zu einer Meinungsumfrage unter der chinesischen Bevölkerung in Peking. Die Ergebnisse dieser Umfrage (2), die per Fragebogen unter den Beschäftigten von zehn verschiedenen Einheiten Pekings durchgeführt wurde, ergaben auf der einen Seite eine hohe Übereinstimmung der Befragten mit der augenblicklichen, maßgebloich von der Deng Xiaoping/Hu Yaobang-Gruppe gestalteten Politik, offenbarten auf der anderen Seite aber auch einen mehr oder weniger hohen Grad von Unzufriedenheit über das gegenwärtig praktizierte System des politischen Studiums, vor allem über die unvollständige Verwirklichung der in der neuen Verfassung von 1978 verankerten Bürgerrechte (3) und über das gegenwärtige Kulturleben. Obwohl die Zeitschrift Dongxiang keine Angaben über die Repräsentativität der Auswahl der Befragten, wie z.B. die Auswahlmethode, die Zahl der Zielpersonen insgesamt und die pro sozialer Gruppe, machte, können die größtenteils sehr eindeutigen Ergebnisse als hinreichend aussagekräftig über den gegenwärtig in der chinesischen Bevölkerung vorherrschenden Meinungstrend betrachtet werden. (3a)
description: China aktuell, China aktuell - März 1979
Procedure to Analyze Coal Haul Roads in Appalachia
Creators: name: West, Leonard B.
name: Connelly, Michael D.
name: Pixton, Charles E.
name: West, Leonard B.
name: Connelly, Michael D.
name: Pixton, Charles E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1978
Subjects: Public Economics

description: Presented at the 19th Transportation Research Forum meeting, Oct. 24-26, 1978, New York, NY
Radio-Optical-Gamma-Ray properties of MOJAVE AGN detected by Fermi/LAT
Creators: name: Arshakian, T. G.
name: León-Tavares, J.
name: Boettcher, M.
name: Torrealba, J.
name: Chavushyan, V. H.
name: Lister, M. L.
name: Ros, E.
name: Zensus, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims. We use a sample of 83 core-dominated active galactic nuclei (AGN) selected from the MOJAVE (Monitoring of Jets in AGN with VLBA Experiments) radio-flux-limited sample and detected with the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) to study the relations between non-simultaneous radio, optical, and gamma-ray measurements. Methods. We perform a multi-band statistical analysis to investigate the relations between the emissions in different bands and reproduce these relations by modeling of the spectral energy distributions of blazars. Results. There is a significant correlation between the gamma-ray luminosity and the optical nuclear and radio (15 GHz) luminosities of blazars. We report a well defined positive correlation between the gamma-ray luminosity and the radio-optical loudness for quasars and BL Lacertae type objects (BL Lacs). A strong positive correlation is found between the radio luminosity and the gamma-ray-optical loudness for quasars, while a negative correlation between the optical luminosity and the gamma-ray-radio loudness is present for BL Lacs. Modeling of these correlations with a simple leptonic jet model for blazars indicates that variations of the accretion disk luminosity (and hence the jet power) is able to reproduce the trends observed in most of the correlations. To reproduce all observed correlations, variations of several parameters, such as the accretion power, jet viewing angle, Lorentz factor, and magnetic field of the jet, are required.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures, 4 tables, after moderate revision the paper is accepted for publication in A&A
Behavioural and neural markers of tactile sensory processing in infants at elevated likelihood of autism spectrum disorder and/or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Creators: name: Piccardi, Elena Serena
name: Begum Ali, Jannath
name: Jones, Emily J. H.
name: Mason, Luke
name: Charman, Tony
name: Johnson, Mark H.
name: Gliga, Teodora
name: Agyapong, Mary
name: Bazelmans, Tessel
name: Dafner, Leila
name: Ersoy, Mutluhan
name: Goodwin, Amy
name: Haartsen, Rianne
name: Hendry, Alexandra
name: Holman, Rebecca
name: Kalwarowsky, Sarah
name: Kolesnik, Anna
name: Lloyd-Fox, Sarah
name: Pasco, Greg
name: Pickles, Andrew
name: Pirazzoli, Laura
name: Taylor, Chloë
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Research
Autism spectrum disorder
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Tactile sensory processing
Tactile sensory seeking
Repetition suppression
EEG
Alpha amplitude desynchronization
Infant sibling design

description: Abstract: Backgrounds: Atypicalities in tactile processing are reported in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) but it remains unknown if they precede and associate with the traits of these disorders emerging in childhood. We investigated behavioural and neural markers of tactile sensory processing in infants at elevated likelihood of ASD and/or ADHD compared to infants at typical likelihood of the disorders. Further, we assessed the specificity of associations between infant markers and later ASD or ADHD traits. Methods: Ninety-one 10-month-old infants participated in the study (n = 44 infants at elevated likelihood of ASD; n = 20 infants at elevated likelihood of ADHD; n = 9 infants at elevated likelihood of ASD and ADHD; n = 18 infants at typical likelihood of the disorders). Behavioural and EEG responses to pairs of tactile stimuli were experimentally recorded and concurrent parental reports of tactile responsiveness were collected. ASD and ADHD traits were measured at 24 months through standardized assessment (ADOS-2) and parental report (ECBQ), respectively. Results: There was no effect of infants’ likelihood status on behavioural markers of tactile sensory processing. Conversely, increased ASD likelihood associated with reduced neural repetition suppression to tactile input. Reduced neural repetition suppression at 10 months significantly predicted ASD (but not ADHD) traits at 24 months across the entire sample. Elevated tactile sensory seeking at 10 months moderated the relationship between early reduced neural repetition suppression and later ASD traits. Conclusions: Reduced tactile neural repetition suppression is an early marker of later ASD traits in infants at elevated likelihood of ASD or ADHD, suggesting that a common pathway to later ASD traits exists despite different familial backgrounds. Elevated tactile sensory seeking may act as a protective factor, mitigating the relationship between early tactile neural repetition suppression and later ASD traits.
Anomalous currents in dense matter under a magnetic field
Creators: name: Hong, Deog Ki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider fermionic dense matter under a magnetic field, where fermions couple minimally to gauge fields, and calculate anomalous currents at one loop. We find anomalous currents are spontaneously generated along the magnetic field but fermions only in the lowest Landau level contribute to anomalous currents. We then show that there are no more corrections to the anomalous currents from two or higher loops.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures; v2, references added, minor change
China und Laos
Creators: name: Weggel, Oskar
Publisher: name: China aktuell
Year: 2023

description: Im Windschatten der chinesisch-vietnamesischen Auseinandersetzungen - und daher von der Außenwelt kaum bemerkt - musste China eine seiner bisher herbsten außenpolitischen Enttäuschungen hinnehmen: es wurde von Laos der Aggression und der subversioven Wühlarbeit beschuldigt und aufgefordert, seine seit 1962 im Lande tätigen Entwicklungshelfer abzuziehen. Dabei hatte gerade China beim Umgang mit Laos stets Fingerspitzengefühl bewiesen und sich seinem südlichen Nachbarstaat gegenüber stets generös gezeigt. Zweck des vorliegenden Artikels ist es, die chinesische Laos-Politik und ihr Scheitern sowie vor allem die Gründe dieses Scheiterns aufzuzeigen.
description: China aktuell, China aktuell - März 1979
Energy Efficiency of Alternate Modes of Moving Large Volumes of Coal
Creators: name: Cucek, E.M.
name: Wasp, E.J.
name: Cucek, E.M.
name: Wasp, E.J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1978
Subjects: Public Economics

description: Presented at the 19th Transportation Research Forum meeting, Oct. 24-26, 1978, New York, NY
Casimir force in the rotor model with twisted boundary conditions
Creators: name: Bergknoff, Jonathan
name: Dantchev, Daniel
name: Rudnick, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the three dimensional lattice XY model with nearest neighbor interaction. The vector order parameter of this system lies on the vertices of a cubic lattice, which is embedded in a system with a film geometry. The orientations of the vectors are fixed at the two opposite sides of the film. The angle between the vectors at the two boundaries is $α$ where $0 \le α\le π$. We make use of the mean field approximation to study the mean length and orientation of the vector order parameter throughout the film---and the Casimir force it generates---as a function of the temperature $T$, the angle $α$, and the thickness $L$ of the system. Among the results of that calculation are a Casimir force that depends in a continuous way on both the parameter $α$ and the temperature and that can be attractive or repulsive. In particular, by varying $α$ and/or $T$ one controls \underline{both} the sign \underline{and} the magnitude of the Casimir force in a reversible way. Furthermore, for the case $α=π$, we discover an additional phase transition occurring only in the finite system associated with the variation of the orientations of the vectors.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures
Ubiquitousness of link-density and link-pattern communities in real-world networks
Creators: name: Šubelj, Lovro
name: Bajec, Marko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Community structure appears to be an intrinsic property of many complex real-world networks. However, recent work shows that real-world networks reveal even more sophisticated modules than classical cohesive (link-density) communities. In particular, networks can also be naturally partitioned according to similar patterns of connectedness among the nodes, revealing link-pattern communities. We here propose a propagation based algorithm that can extract both link-density and link-pattern communities, without any prior knowledge of the true structure. The algorithm was first validated on different classes of synthetic benchmark networks with community structure, and also on random networks. We have further applied the algorithm to different social, information, technological and biological networks, where it indeed reveals meaningful (composites of) link-density and link-pattern communities. The results thus seem to imply that, similarly as link-density counterparts, link-pattern communities appear ubiquitous in nature and design.
In utero exposure to wildfire smoke and critical time windows for respiratory outcomes in the first year of life
Creators: name: Lan, Qingyi
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2022

description: The British Columbia (BC) wildfire seasons of 2017 and 2018 were unprecedented in terms of the area they burned and the smoke they emitted. Wildfire smoke is a complex and dynamic mixture of air pollutants, of which fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is generally recognized as the greatest threat to human health. Very few studies have examined how exposure to PM2.5 influences in utero respiratory tract development processes, so the most concerning prenatal exposure windows remain unknown. In this thesis, all infants in utero during the wildfire seasons (July to September) of 2016-2019 were identified using the BC Perinatal Data Registry (BCPDR). Residential addresses of the mothers and their infants were used to estimate daily PM2.5 exposures throughout pregnancy and the first year of life using the Canadian Optimized Statistical Smoke Exposure Model (CanOSSEM) at a resolution of 5x5 km². Outcomes of interest and potential covariates for each infant in the first year of life were identified through data linkage and compared during critical windows of prenatal respiratory tract development using the Cox proportional hazard model. We found that the sensitive windows for respiratory infections and associated amoxicillin dispensations move to the later stages of development as the respiratory infections of interest move from the upper respiratory tract to the lower respiratory tract. Each 1 mg/m3 increase in PM2.5 exposure was associated with earlier diagnosis of otitis media in the first window (week 0-9) of the Eustachian tube development (HR=1.012, 95%CI: 1.004-1.021). Each 1 mg/m3 increase in PM2.5 exposure was associated with earlier diagnosis of lower respiratory infections in the Saccular stage (week 28-36) (HR =1.015, 95%CI: 1.010-1.020) and Alveolar stage (week 36 to birth) (HR = 1.008, 95%CI: 1.004-1.012). Similar results were observed for the effect of wildfire-related PM2.5 on amoxicillin dispensations related to respiratory tract infections in the first year of life. The statistically significant associations between wildfire-related PM2.5 and overall amoxicillin dispensation were detected for the later stages of respiratory tract development. Our results suggest that it is necessary to formulate clear public health guidelines for pregnant mothers to avoid being exposed to wildfire during wildfire seasons.
Entanglement created by spontaneously generated coherence
Creators: name: Tang, Zhao-hong
name: Li, Gao-xiang
name: Ficek, Zbigniew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a scheme able to generate on demand a steady-state entanglement between two non-degenerate cavity modes. The scheme relies on the interaction of the cavity modes with driven two or three-level atoms which act as a coupler to build entanglement between the modes. We show that in the limit of a strong driving, crucial for the generation of entanglement between the modes is to imbalance populations of the dressed states of the driven atomic transition. In the case of a three-level V-type atom, we find that a stationary entanglement can be created on demand by tuning the Rabi frequency of the driving field to the difference between the atomic transition frequencies. The resulting degeneracy of the energy levels together with the spontaneously generated coherence generates a steady-state entanglement between the cavity modes. It is shown that the condition for the maximal entanglement coincides with the collapse of the atomic system into a pure trapping state. We also show that the creation of entanglement depends strongly on the mutual polarization of the transition atomic dipole moments.
description: Published version
gamma^* gamma^* -> pi^0 Form Factor from AdS/QCD
Creators: name: Stoffers, Alexander
name: Zahed, Ismail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recently measured $γγ^*\rightarrow π^0$ anomalous form factor is analyzed using the $D4/D8\bar{D8}$ holographic approach to QCD. The half-on-shell transition form factor is vector meson dominated and is shown to exactly tie to the pion form factor. The holographic result compares well with the data for the lowest vector resonance.
Differentiating CDM and Baryon Isocurvature Models with 21 cm Fluctuations
Creators: name: Kawasaki, Masahiro
name: Sekiguchi, Toyokazu
name: Takahashi, Tomo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss how one can discriminate models with cold dark matter (CDM) and baryon isocurvature fluctuations. Although current observations such as cosmic microwave background (CMB) can severely constrain the fraction of such isocurvature modes in the total density fluctuations, CMB cannot differentiate CDM and baryon modes by the shape of its power spectra. However, the evolution of CDM and baryon density fluctuations are different for each model, thus it would be possible to discriminate those isocurvature modes by extracting information on the fluctuations of CDM/baryon itself. We discuss that observations of 21 cm fluctuations can in principle differentiate these modes and demonstrate to what extent we can distinguish them with future 21 cm surveys. We show that, when the isocurvature mode has a large blue-tilted initial spectrum, 21 cm survey can clearly probe the difference.
description: 25 pages, 6 figures, 1 table; (v2) constraints are reanalyzed using a tomography 21cm survey, conclusions unchanged, some references added, accepted for publication in JCAP
Standard Model Vacua for Two-dimensional Compactifications
Creators: name: Arnold, Jonathan M.
name: Fornal, Bartosz
name: Wise, Mark B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the structure of lower-dimensional standard model vacua for two-dimensional compactifications (on a 2D torus and on a 2D sphere). In the case of the torus we find a new standard model vacuum for a large range of neutrino masses consistent with experiment. Quantum effects play a crucial role in the existence of this vacuum. For the compactification on a sphere the classical terms dominate the effective potential for large radii and a stable vacuum is achieved only by introducing a large magnetic flux. We argue that there are no two-dimensional standard model vacua for compactifications on a surface of genus greater than one.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures; v2: published in JHEP
Gaussian model of explosive percolation in three and higher dimensions
Creators: name: Schrenk, K. J.
name: Araújo, N. A. M.
name: Herrmann, H. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Gaussian model of discontinuous percolation, recently introduced by Araújo and Herrmann [Phys. Rev. Lett., 105, 035701 (2010)], is numerically investigated in three dimensions, disclosing a discontinuous transition. For the simple-cubic lattice, in the thermodynamic limit, we report a finite jump of the order parameter, $J=0.415 \pm 0.005$. The largest cluster at the threshold is compact, but its external perimeter is fractal with fractal dimension $d_A = 2.5 \pm 0.2$. The study is extended to hypercubic lattices up to six dimensions and to the mean-field limit (infinite dimension). We find that, in all considered dimensions, the percolation transition is discontinuous. The value of the jump in the order parameter, the maximum of the second moment, and the percolation threshold are analyzed, revealing interesting features of the transition and corroborating its discontinuous nature in all considered dimensions. We also show that the fractal dimension of the external perimeter, for any dimension, is consistent with the one from bridge percolation and establish a lower bound for the percolation threshold of discontinuous models with finite number of clusters at the threshold.
Equilibrium and off-equilibrium trap-size scaling in 1D ultracold bosonic gases
Creators: name: Campostrini, Massimo
name: Vicari, Ettore
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study some aspects of equilibrium and off equilibrium quantum dynamics of dilute bosonic gases in the presence of a trapping potential. We consider systems with a fixed number of particles N and study their scaling behavior with increasing the trap size. We focus on one-dimensional (1D) bosonic systems, such as gases described by the Lieb-Liniger model and its Tonks-Girardeau limit of impenetrable bosons, and gases constrained in optical lattices as described by the Bose-Hubbard model. We study their quantum (zero-temperature) behavior at equilibrium and off equilibrium during the unitary time evolution arising from changes of the trapping potential, which may be instantaneous or described by a power-law time dependence, starting from the equilibrium ground state for a initial trap size. Renormalization-group scaling arguments, analytical and numerical calculations show that the trap-size dependence of the equilibrium and off-equilibrium dynamics can be cast in the form of a trap-size scaling in the low-density regime, characterized by universal power laws of the trap size, in dilute gases with repulsive contact interactions and lattice systems described by the Bose-Hubbard model. The scaling functions corresponding to several physically interesting observables are computed. Our results are of experimental relevance for systems of cold atomic gases trapped by tunable confining potentials.
description: 24 pages
Chemical neurolysis for the management of non-cancer knee pain: A scoping review
Creators: name: Yao, Samantha
name: Tay, Matthew
name: Farag, Jordan
name: Nimish Mittal
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Medical Specialties
subject: Rehabilitation and Therapy

description: A scoping review with the aim of identifying and synthesizing the literature on the use of chemical neurolysis, including all forms of image guidance, in the management of non cancer knee pain.
Major features of macroevolution : how phylogenies vary across time, clades, and environmental gradients
Creators: name: Henao Diaz, Luis Francisco
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: For centuries, biologists have been captivated by the vast disparity in species richness between different groups of organisms. Variation in diversity is widely attributed to differences between groups in how fast they speciate or go extinct, due to changes in their evolutionary history. Evolutionary dynamics operating across deep time leave footprints in the shapes of phylogenetic trees. For the last several decades, researchers have used increasingly large and robust phylogenies to study the evolutionary history of individual clades and to investigate the causes of the glaring disparities in diversity among groups. While typically not the focal point of individual clade-level studies, many researchers have remarked on recurrent patterns that have been observed across many different groups and at many different time scales. In this thesis, I explore the general patterns in macroevolution by using phylogenies to understand diversity changes through time, clades, and environmental gradients. In Chapter 2, I collate and analyze over 90 phylogenetic trees and fossil times-series to estimate diversification rates. With the intention of explaining variation in rates among a wide range of multicellular organisms I document that diversification rates inferred from phylogenies and fossils have a negative time-dependency. Expanding on this, in Chapter 3, I explore and describe other general patterns in phylogenetic trees from a macroevolutionary perspective. I try to recapitulate earlier findings on tree topologies with recently published megaphylogenies and expand the suite of patterns into a more comprehensive catalogue. Finally in Chapter 4, I investigate whether the time required to attain secondary sympatry after two lineages have diverged varies with elevation and other ecological and geographical predictors. This avenue of investigation is rooted in theoretical and empirical evidence that the time to secondary sympatry could be a major rate limiting step in the process of diversification. As such, understanding the drivers behind species coexistence sheds light on how elevational gradients are formed. Overall, my thesis expands our understanding of the patterns in the Tree of Life, and the evolutionary dynamics that take place along biogeographical gradients.
Wavefunctions on $S^2$ with flux and branes
Creators: name: Imai, Sosuke
name: Tatsuta, Yoshiyuki
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2019
Subjects: interaction: Yukawa
CP: violation
dimension: 2
dimension: 6
membrane model
compactification
sphere
flux
gauge field theory
localization
Kaluza-Klein
tension
U(1)

description: We formulate a six dimensional $U(1)$ gauge theory compactified on a (two dimensional) sphere $S^2$ with flux and localized brane sources. Profiles of the lowest Kaluza-Klein (KK) wavefunctions and their masses are derived analytically. In contrast to ordinary sphere compactifications, the above setup can lead to the degeneracy of and the sharp localizations of the linearly independent lowest KK modes, depending on the number of branes and their tensions. Moreover, it can naturally accommodate CP violation in Yukawa interactions.
External field effect of modified Newtonian dynamics in the Solar system
Creators: name: Blanchet, Luc
name: Novak, Jerome
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) has been formulated as a modification of the Poisson equation for the Newtonian gravitational field. This theory generically predicts a violation of the strong version of the equivalence principle, and as a result the gravitational dynamics of a system depends on the external gravitational field in which the system is embedded. This so-called external field effect has been recently shown to imply the existence of an anomalous quadrupolar correction, along the direction of the external Galactic field, in the gravitational potential felt by planets in the Solar System. In this paper we confirm the existence of this effect by a numerical integration of the MOND equation in the presence of an external field, and compute the secular precession of the perihelion of planets induced by this effect. We find that the precession effect is rather large for outer gaseous planets, and in the case of Saturn is comparable to published residuals of precession obtained by Saturn range tracking data. The effect is much smaller for inner planets, but in the case of the Earth it appears to be in conflict for most of the MOND functions $μ(y)$ with the very good constraint on the perihelion precession obtained from Jupiter VLBI data. The MOND functions that are compatible with this constraint appear to have a very rapid transition from the MONDian regime to the Newtonian one.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Dark Matter search in association with top quark pair production
Creators: name: Stefanov, Nicole
name: Van Onsem, Gerrit
name: Grohsjean, Alexander
name: Anuar, Afiq Aizuddin
name: Schwanenberger, Christian
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2019

description: Frühjahrstagung der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft 2019, DPG2019, Aachen, Germany, 25 Mar 2019 - 29 Mar 2019
description: The existence of dark matter (DM) hints to the incompleteness of the standard model (SM). Some models feature an enhanced coupling of DM to heavier SM particles, making searches for its associated production with such particles especially attractive. In this talk a search for DM in association with top quark pair production at the CMS experiment will be presented. Particular attention is given to the kinematic reconstruction of events containing dileptonically decaying top quark pairs. The performance of the correct matching of the b-jets with leptons as well as of the reconstruction of the transverse momentum of the DM mediator will be discussed.