cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Bringing Anomie Back In: Exceptional Events and Excess Suicide
Creators: name: Hoffman, Mark Anthony
name: Bearman, Peter Shawn
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Suicide
subject: Anomy
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: In this article we show that imitation is not the mechanism behind the observed increase in suicides subsequent to highly publicized celebrity suicides. Instead, we show that most celebrity suicides are exceptional events and because of that have similar effects on the daily suicide rate as other exciting events. This finding suggests that Durkheim was right in rejecting the Tardean hypothesis that imitation is an operative mechanism and provides substantial support for the competing hypothesis that disruptive and/or exciting events (whether favorable or unfavorable) induce anomie and with it suicide.
Physical decomposition of the gauge and gravitational fields
Creators: name: Chen, Xiang-Song
name: Zhu, Ben-Chao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Physical decomposition of the non-Abelian gauge field has recently solved the two-decade-lasting problem of a meaningful gluon spin. Here we extend this approach to gravity and attack the century-lasting problem of a meaningful gravitational energy. The metric is unambiguously separated into a pure geometric term which contributes null curvature tensor, and a physical term which represents the true gravitational effect and always vanishes in a flat space-time. By this decomposition the conventional pseudo-tensors of the gravitational stress-energy are easily rescued to produce definite physical result. Our decomposition applies to any symmetric tensor, and has interesting relation to the transverse-traceless (TT) decomposition discussed by Arnowitt, Deser and Misner, and by York.
description: 11 pages, no figure; significant revision, with discussion on relations of various metric decompositions
2D microtubules stained with Alexa647 part 2
Creators: name: Leterrier, Christophe
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: shareloc.xyz
shareloc.xyz:dataset
storm
microtubules
alexa-647
2d
smlm
cos7

description: Open in Shareloc.XYZ

description: COS cells labeled for microtubules images by 2D STORM (Uploaded via https://shareloc.xyz)
Cohort effects explain the increase in autism diagnosis among children born from 1992 to 2003 in California
Creators: name: Keyes, Katherine M.
name: Susser, Ezra S.
name: Cheslack-Postava, Keely
name: Fountain, Christine
name: Liu, Kayuet
name: Bearman, Peter Shawn
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Autism in children--Diagnosis
subject: Cohort analysis
subject: Epidemiology

description: The incidence and prevalence of autism have dramatically increased over the last 20 years. Decomposition of autism incidence rates into age, period and cohort effects disentangle underlying domains of causal factors linked to time trends. We estimate an age-period-cohort effect model for autism diagnostic incidence overall and by level of functioning.
Vacuum decay in multidimensional field landscapes: thin, thick and intersecting walls
Creators: name: Balasubramanian, Vijay
name: Czech, Bartlomiej
name: Larjo, Klaus
name: Levi, Thomas S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study tunneling between vacua in multi-dimensional field spaces. Working in the strict thin wall approximation, we find that the conventional instantons for false vacuum decay develop a new vanishing eigenvalue in their fluctuation determinant, arising from decorations of the nucleating bubble wall with small spots of the additional vacua. Naively, this would suggest that the presence of additional vacua in field space leads to a substantial enhancement of the nucleation rate. However, we argue that this potential enhancement is regulated away by the finite thickness of physical bubble wall intersections. We then discuss novel saddle points of the thin wall action that, in some regimes of parameter space, have the potential to destabilize the conventional instantons for false vacuum decay.
description: 14 pages. Published version
Exploring the nature of morphological regularity: an fMRI study on Russian
Creators: name: Slioussar, Natalia
name: Korotkov, Alexander
name: Cherednichenko, Denis
name: Chernigovskaya, Tatiana
name: Kireev, Maxim
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Pharmacology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: This paper explores the nature of the differences in the processing of morphologically regular and irregular forms in the brain. Verbs cannot be simply divided into regular and irregular in Russian – there are many inflextional classes that differ in defaultness, type frequency, and productivity. In the present functional magnetic resonance imaging study, we chose three verb classes that allow teasing these factors apart and asked 24 subjects to select verb forms agreeing with different pronouns. We combined measures for local brain activity and generalised psychophysiological interactions. We revealed that regularity effects are primarily driven by defaultness associated with more effective and automated processing in the left-lateralised fronto-temporal combinatorial brain network rather than by productivity or type frequency.
Socioeconomic Status and the Increased Prevalence of Autism in California.
Creators: name: King, Marissa
name: Bearman, Peter Shawn
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Social status
subject: Autism in children--Diagnosis
subject: Neighborhoods
subject: Epidemiology

description: The prevalence of autism has increased precipitously—roughly 10-fold in the past 40 years—yet no one knows exactly what caused this dramatic rise. Using a large and representative dataset that spans the California birth cohorts from 1992 through 2000, we examine individual and community resources associated with the likelihood of an autism diagnosis over time. This allows us to identify key social factors that have contributed to increased autism prevalence. While individual-level factors, such as birth weight and parental education, have had a fairly constant effect on likelihood of diagnosis over time, we find that community-level resources drive increased prevalence. This study suggests that neighborhoods dynamically interact with the people living in them in different ways at different times to shape health outcomes. By treating neighborhoods as dynamic, we can better understand the changing socioeconomic gradient of autism and the increase in prevalence.
Neural Mechanisms Tracking Popularity in Real-World Social Networks
Creators: name: Zerubavel, Noam
name: Bearman, Peter Shawn
name: Weber, Jochen
name: Ochsner, Kevin N.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Social networks
subject: Social status
subject: Magnetic resonance imaging
subject: Neurology

description: Differences in popularity are a key aspect of status in virtually all human groups and shape social interactions within them. Little is known, however, about how we track and neurally represent others’ popularity. We addressed this question in two real-world social networks using sociometric methods to quantify popularity. Each group member (perceiver) viewed faces of every other group member (target) while whole-brain functional MRI data were collected. Independent functional localizer tasks were used to identify brain systems supporting affective valuation (ventromedial prefrontal cortex, ventral striatum, amygdala) and social cognition (dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, precuneus, temporoparietal junction), respectively. During the face-viewing task, activity in both types of neural systems tracked targets’ sociometric popularity, even when controlling for potential confounds. The target popularity–social cognition system relationship was mediated by valuation system activity, suggesting that observing popular individuals elicits value signals that facilitate understanding their mental states. The target popularity–valuation system relationship was strongest for popular perceivers, suggesting enhanced sensitivity to differences among other group members’ popularity. Popular group members also demonstrated greater interpersonal sensitivity by more accurately predicting how their own personalities were perceived by other individuals in the social network. These data offer insights into the mechanisms by which status guides social behavior.
Interplay of internal stresses, electric stresses and surface diffusion in polymer films
Creators: name: Closa, Fabien
name: Ziebert, Falko
name: Raphael, Elie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate two destabilization mechanisms for elastic polymer films and put them into a general framework: first, instabilities due to in-plane stress and second due to an externally applied electric field normal to the film's free surface. As shown recently, polymer films are often stressed due to out-of-equilibrium fabrication processes as e.g. spin coating. Via an Asaro-Tiller-Grinfeld mechanism as known from solids, the system can decrease its energy by undulating its surface by surface diffusion of polymers and thereby relaxing stresses. On the other hand, application of an electric field is widely used experimentally to structure thin films: when the electric Maxwell surface stress overcomes surface tension and elastic restoring forces, the system undulates with a wavelength determined by the film thickness. We develop a theory taking into account both mechanisms simultaneously and discuss their interplay and the effects of the boundary conditions both at the substrate and the free surface.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures, 1 table
Polynomials, Riemann surfaces, and reconstructing missing-energy events
Creators: name: Gripaios, Ben
name: Sakurai, Kazuki
name: Webber, Bryan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the problem of reconstructing energies, momenta, and masses in collider events with missing energy, along with the complications introduced by combinatorial ambiguities and measurement errors. Typically, one reconstructs more than one value and we show how the wrong values may be correlated with the right ones. The problem has a natural formulation in terms of the theory of Riemann surfaces. We discuss examples including top quark decays in the Standard Model (relevant for top quark mass measurements and tests of spin correlation), cascade decays in models of new physics containing dark matter candidates, decays of third-generation leptoquarks in composite models of electroweak symmetry breaking, and Higgs boson decay into two tau leptons.
description: 28 pages, 6 figures; version accepted for publication, with discussion of Higgs to tau tau decay
Independent Review Of Social And Population Variation In Mental Health Could Improve Diagnosis In DSM Revisions
Creators: name: Hansen, Helena B.
name: Donaldson, Zoe R.
name: Link, Bruce George
name: Bearman, Peter Shawn
name: Hopper, Kim J.
name: Bates, Lisa M.
name: Cheslack-Postava, Keely
name: Harper, Kristin N.
name: Holmes, Seth M.
name: Lovasi, Gina Schellenbaum
name: Springer, Kristen W.
name: Teitler, Julien O.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Mental health
Mental illness--Diagnosis
Population
Mental health policy

description: At stake in the May 2013 publication of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), are billions of dollars in insurance payments and government resources, as well as the diagnoses and treatment of millions of patients. We argue that the most recent revision process has missed social determinants of mental health disorders and their diagnosis: environmental factors triggering biological responses that manifest themselves in behavior; differing cultural perceptions about what is normal and what is abnormal behavior; and institutional pressures related to such matters as insurance reimbursements, disability benefits, and pharmaceutical marketing. In addition, the experts charged with revising the DSM lack a systematic. way to take population-level variations in diagnoses into account. To address these problems, we propose the creation of an independent research review body that would monitor variations in diagnostic patterns, inform future DSM revisions, identify needed changes in mental health policy and practice, and recommend new avenues of research. Drawing on the best available knowledge, the review body would make possible more precise and equitable psychiatric diagnoses and interventions.
Adjoint SUSY $SU(5)$ Grand Unified Model with $S_4$ Flavor Symmetry
Creators: name: Ding, Gui-Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a supersymmetric (SUSY) $SU(5)$ model with the flavor symmetry $S_4\times Z_3\times Z_4$. Three generations of adjoint matter fields are introduced to generate the neutrino masses via the combined type I and type III see-saw mechanism. The first two generations of the the $\mathbf{10}$ dimensional representation in $SU(5)$ are assigned to be a doublet of $S_4$, the second family $\mathbf{10}$ is chose as the first component of the doublet, and the first family as the second component. Tri-bimaximal mixing in the neutrino sector is predicted exactly at leading order, charged lepton mixing leads to small deviation from the tri-bimaximal mixing pattern. Subleading contributions introduce corrections of order $λ^2_c$ to all three lepton mixing angles. The model also reproduces a realistic pattern of quark and charged lepton masses and quark mixings. The phenomenological implications of the model are analyzed in datail.
description: 39pages, 5 figures
Different encoding of legal and illegal speech sequences: beyond phonetic planning?
Creators: name: Jouen, Anne-Lise
name: Fougeron, Cécile
name: Laganaro, Marina
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: Transforming linguistic codes into articulated speech is thought to rely on different phonetic (motor speech) encoding/planning processes for practiced sequences and for unpracticed/uncommon speech sequences. However, transforming phonological codes into articulation likely involves processes beyond phonetic planning, going on even during articulation. Here we sought behavioural, acoustic and brain dynamics differences in the preparation of matched common/legal and uncommon/illegal speech sequences in 20 participants. Illegal syllables were initialised faster – contrary to what is generally expected -, had longer acoustic duration and differed from legal syllables in ERP waveform amplitudes and microstates in a time-window preceding and following the vocal onset. The pattern of results suggests that speech plans are of different size for legal and illegal syllables, and impact on the parametrisation of the corresponding motor programmes, allowing fast execution of the segmentalised illegal sequences for which incremental speech programming continues during articulation.
AIMD MRI Safety - A Manufacturer's Perspective
Creators: name: Stadnik, Paul
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: implant safety, AIMD, active implantable medical devices, magnetic resonance imaging, MR safety

description: Presentation given at the MIMAS Implant Safety Workshop 2021 https://www.ptb.de/mimas/information-communication/mimas-implant-safety-workshop-2021/
Does Autism Diagnosis Age or Symptom Severity Differ Among Children According to Whether Assisted Reproductive Technology was Used to Achieve Pregnancy?
Creators: name: Schieve, Laura A.
name: Fountain, Christine
name: Boulet, Sheree L.
name: Yeargin-Allsopp, Marshalyn
name: Kissin, Dmitry M.
name: Jamieson, Denise J.
name: Rice, Catherine
name: Bearman, Peter Shawn
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Autism in children
Autism in children--Diagnosis
Autism spectrum disorders
Human reproductive technology--Law and legislation

description: Previous studies report associations between conception with assisted reproductive technology (ART) and autism. Whether these associations reflect an ascertainment or biologic effect is undetermined. We assessed diagnosis age and initial autism symptom severity among[30,000 children with autism from a linkage study of California Department of Developmental Services records, birth records, and the National ART Surveillance System. Median diagnosis age and symptom severity levels were significantly lower for ART-conceived than non-ART- conceived children. After adjustment for differences in the socio-demographic profiles of the two groups, the diagno- sis age differentials were greatly attenuated and there were no differences in autism symptomatology. Thus, ascer- tainment issues related to SES, not ART per se, are likely the driving influence of the differences we initially observed.
The interplay of computational complexity and memory load during quantifier verification
Creators: name: Bremnes, Heming Strømholt
name: Szymanik, Jakub
name: Baggio, Giosuè
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified

description: Formal analysis of the minimal computational complexity of verification algorithms for natural language quantifiers implies that different classes of quantifiers demand the engagement of different cognitive resources for their verification. In particular, sentences containing proportional quantifiers, e.g. “most”, provably require a memory component, whereas non-proportional quantifiers, e.g. “all”, “three”, do not. In an ERP study, we tested whether previously observed differences between these classes were modulated by memory load. Participants performed a picture-sentence verification task while they had to remember a string of 2 or 4 digits to be compared to a second string at the end of a trial. Relative to non-proportional quantifiers, proportional quantifiers elicited a sentence-internal sustained negativity. Additionally, an interaction between Digit-Load and Quantifier-Class was observed at the sentence-final word. Our results suggest that constraints on cognitive resources deployed during human sentence processing and verification are of the same nature as formal constraints on abstract machines.
Magnetized Particle Motion Around Black Hole in Braneworld
Creators: name: Rahimov, Ozodbek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the motion of a magnetized particle orbiting around a black hole in braneworld placed in asymptotically uniform magnetic field. The influence of brane parameter on effective potential of the radial motion of magnetized spinning particle around the braneworld black hole using Hamilton-Jacobi formalism is studied. It is found that circular orbits for photons and slowly moving particles may become stable near $r = 3M$. It was argued that the radii of the innermost stable circular orbits are sensitive on the change of brane parameter. Similar discussion without Weil parameter has been considered by de Felice et all in Ref. \refcite{rs99,98}.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication in Mod. Phys. Lett. A
Lifshitz-like systems and AdS null deformations
Creators: name: Narayan, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Following arXiv:1005.3291 [hep-th], we discuss certain lightlike deformations of $AdS_5\times X^5$ in Type IIB string theory sourced by a lightlike dilaton $Φ(x^+)$ dual to the N=4 super Yang-Mills theory with a lightlike varying gauge coupling. We argue that in the case where the $x^+$-direction is noncompact, these solutions describe anisotropic 3+1-dim Lifshitz-like systems with a potential in the $x^+$-direction generated by the lightlike dilaton. We then describe solutions of this sort with a linear dilaton. This enables a detailed calculation of 2-point correlation functions of operators dual to bulk scalars and helps illustrate the spatial structure of these theories. Following this, we discuss a nongeometric string construction involving a compactification along the $x^+$-direction of this linear dilaton system. We also point out similar IIB axionic solutions. Similar bulk arguments for $x^+$-noncompact can be carried out for deformations of $AdS_4\times X^7$ in M-theory.
description: Latex, 20pgs, 1 eps fig; v2. references added; v3. minor clarifications added, to appear in PRD
Two heavy fermions bound via Higgs boson exchange
Creators: name: Flambaum, Victor
name: Kuchiev, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A system of two heavy fermions, leptons or quarks of the fourth generation, which are bound together via the Higgs boson exchange is studied. The conventional Yukawa-type interaction produced by this exchange is accompanied by several important corrections. We derived the Hamiltonian, which describes the correction arising from the retardation (compare the Breit correction in QED); we also calculated the relativistic and radiative corrections. The Higgs-induced bound state appears for the fermion mass m>m_{cr} \approx 500 GeV. When the long-range Coulomb interaction or the gluon exchange are included, the bound states exist for any mass, but the Higgs exchange drastically increases the binding energy of these states when m is approaching m_{cr}. In the region m>m_{cr} the gluon exchange gives a sizable correction to the Higgs induced binding energy. This correction greatly exceeds typical binding energies in the states produced via the gluon exchange only. The possibility of detection of the considered bound states at LHC is discussed.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures; references and fig.6 are added to comply with the Phys.Rev.D publication
2D microtubules stained with Alexa647 part 1
Creators: name: Leterrier, Christophe
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: shareloc.xyz
shareloc.xyz:dataset
storm
microtubules
alexa-647
2d
smlm
cos7

description: Open in Shareloc.XYZ

description: STORM images of microtubules with widefield images, immuno-labeled with Alexa 647. (Uploaded via https://shareloc.xyz)
Six Developmental Trajectories Characterize Children With Autism
Creators: name: Fountain, Christine
name: Winter, Alix S.
name: Bearman, Peter Shawn
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Autism spectrum disorders
Autism in children
Outcome assessment (Medical care)
Child development

description: The goal of this study was to describe the typical longitudinal developmental trajectories of social and communication functioning in children with autism and to determine the correlates of these trajectories.
Xogenesis
Creators: name: Buckley, Matthew R.
name: Randall, Lisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new paradigm for dark matter in which a dark matter asymmetry is established in the early universe that is then transferred to ordinary matter. We show this scenario can fit naturally into weak scale physics models, with a dark matter candidate mass of this order. We present several natural suppression mechanisms, including bleeding dark matter number density into lepton number, which occurs naturally in models with lepton-violating operators transferring the asymmetry.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
Incremental sentence processing is guided by a preference for agents: EEG evidence from Basque
Creators: name: Isasi-Isasmendi, Arrate
name: Sauppe, Sebastian
name: Andrews, Caroline
name: Laka, Itziar
name: Meyer, Martin
name: Bickel, Balthasar
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Comprehenders across languages tend to interpret role-ambiguous arguments as the subject or the agent of a sentence during parsing. However, the evidence for such a subject/agent preference rests on the comprehension of transitive, active-voice sentences where agents/subjects canonically precede patients/objects. The evidence is thus potentially confounded by the canonical order of arguments. Transitive sentence stimuli additionally conflate the semantic agent role and the syntactic subject function. We resolve these two confounds in an experiment on the comprehension of intransitive sentences in Basque. When exposed to sentence-initial role-ambiguous arguments, comprehenders preferentially interpreted these as agents and had to revise their interpretation when the verb disambiguated to patient-initial readings. The revision was reflected in an N400 component in ERPs and a decrease in power in the alpha and lower beta bands. This finding suggests that sentence processing is guided by a top-down heuristic to interpret ambiguous arguments as agents, independently of word order and independently of transitivity.
Closely Spaced Pregnancies are Associated with Increased Odds of Autism in Sibling Births
Creators: name: Cheslack-Postava, Keely
name: Liu, Kayuet
name: Bearman, Peter Shawn
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Birth intervals
subject: Autism in children
subject: Autism--Etiology
subject: Pediatrics

description: The probability that environmental factors,1 in concert with genetics, are involved in the etiology of autism holds promise for the identification of modifiable risk factors for the disorder. Maternal physiology comprises, to a large extent, the fetal environment, and previous studies have found associations between autism and obstetric and perinatal complications implicating that environment, including low birth weight, prematurity, and indicators of hypoxic conditions (reviewed in refs 2 and 3). Although the numerous studies cited in these reviews have focused on prenatal and perinatal factors, the preconceptional factors shaping the fetal environment have received less attention. For women who have undergone a previous birth, the interpregnancy interval (IPI) may affect physiologic parameters at the beginning of subsequent pregnancies.
The groupoidal analogue Theta~ to Joyal's category Theta is a test category
Creators: name: Ara, Dimitri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18D05, 18E35, 18F20, 18G55, 55P15, 55P60, 55U35, 55U40

description: We introduce the groupoidal analogue \tildeΘto Joyal's cell category Θand we prove that \tildeΘis a strict test category in the sense of Grothendieck. This implies that presheaves on \tildeΘmodel homotopy types in a canonical way. We also prove that the canonical functor from Θto \tildeΘis aspherical, again in the sense of Grothendieck. This allows us to compare weak equivalences of presheaves on \tildeΘto weak equivalences of presheaves on Θ. Our proofs apply to other categories analogous to Θ.
description: 41 pages, v2: references added, Remark 7.3 added, v3: metadata updated
Morphosyntactic predictive processing in adult heritage speakers: effects of cue availability and spoken and written language experience
Creators: name: Karaca, Figen
name: Brouwer, Susanne
name: Unsworth, Sharon
name: Huettig, Falk
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We investigated prediction skills of adult heritage speakers and the role of written and spoken language experience on predictive processing. Using visual world eye-tracking, we focused on predictive use of case-marking cues in verb-medial and verb-final sentences in Turkish with adult Turkish heritage speakers (N = 25) and Turkish monolingual speakers (N = 24). Heritage speakers predicted in verb-medial sentences (when verb-semantic and case-marking cues were available), but not in verb-final sentences (when only case-marking cues were available) while monolinguals predicted in both. Prediction skills of heritage speakers were modulated by their spoken language experience in Turkish and written language experience in both languages. Overall, these results strongly suggest that verb-semantic information is needed to scaffold the use of morphosyntactic cues for prediction in heritage speakers. The findings also support the notion that both spoken and written language experience play an important role in predictive spoken language processing.
Avian influenza epidemic recurrence and approximate stochastic models
Creators: name: Mata, May Anne Estrera
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: This thesis is mainly concerned with avian flu epidemic recurrence, its current paradigm, and further mathematical research. Generally, this thesis aims to characterise the recurrent pattern of epidemics simulated by stochastic avian flu models using mathematical techniques. Of particular interest here are the stochastic fluctuations observed in recurrent epidemics. This thesis has two main parts. The first part presents a thorough analysis of a simple stochastic avian flu model to provide insight into the role of different transmission routes in its recurrent dynamics. Recent modelling work on avian influenza in wild bird population takes into account demographic stochasticity and highlights the importance of environmental transmission in determining the outbreak periodicity, but only for a weak between-host transmission rates. A new analytic approach is used here to determine the relative contribution of environmental and direct transmission routes to the features of recurrent epidemics. Using an approximation method to describe noise-sustained oscillations, the recurrent epidemics simulated by the stochastic model is identified to be governed by the product of rotation and a slow-varying standard mean-reverting stochastic process, in a limiting sense. By analytically computing the intrinsic frequency and theoretical power spectral density, it can be shown that the outbreak periodicity can be explained by both types of transmission, and even by either one in the absence of the other. The final part of this thesis presents a novel approach to understanding the role of parametric (e.g. seasonal) forcing and stochasticity in the stochastic fluctuations around a cyclic solution. An approximate description about these stochastic fluctuations is developed, which paves the way for a new mathematical tool to be used for analysing oscillations generated from the interactions of non-linear terms and stochasticity. The theory developed here is used to explore a stochastic avian flu model with seasonally forced environmental transmission which may be applicable to other stochastic system with seasonal forcing. This thesis highlights the importance of approximation theory to analyse complex stochastic systems such as avian flu epidemic recurrence.
Spatial clusters of autism births and diagnoses point to contextual drivers of increased prevalence
Creators: name: Mazumdar, Soumya
name: Winter, Alix S.
name: Liu, Kayuet
name: Bearman, Peter Shawn
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Autism spectrum disorders
Autism in children
Autism in children--Diagnosis
Spatial analysis (Statistics)

description: Autism prevalence has risen dramatically over the past two decades in California. Although often suggested to have been crucial to the rise of autism, environmental and social contextual drivers of diagnosis have not been extensively examined. Identifying the spatial patterning of autism cases at birth and at diagnosis can help clarify which contextual drivers are affecting autism's rising prevalence. Children with autism not co-morbid with mental retardation served by the California Department of Developmental Services during the period 1992–2005 were matched to California's Birth Master Files. We search for spatial clusters of autism at time of birth and at time of diagnosis using a spatial scan approach that controls for key individual-level risk factors. We then test whether indicators of neighborhood-level diagnostic resources are associated with the diagnostic clusters and assess the extent of clustering by autism symptom severity through a multivariate scan. Finally, we test whether children who move into neighborhoods with higher levels of resources are more likely to receive an autism diagnosis relative to those who do not move with regard to resources. Significant birth and diagnostic clusters of autism are observed independent of key individual-level risk factors. While the clusters overlap, there is a strong positive association between the diagnostic clusters and neighborhood-level diagnostic resources. In addition, children with autism who are higher functioning are more likely to be diagnosed within a cluster than children with autism who are lower functioning. Most importantly, children who move into a neighborhood with more diagnostic resources than their previous residence are more likely to subsequently receive an autism diagnosis than children whose neighborhood resources do not change. We identify birth and diagnostic clusters of autism in California that are independent of individual-level autism risk factors. Our findings implicate a causal relationship between neighborhood-level diagnostic resources and spatial patterns of autism incidence but do not rule out the possibility that environmental toxicants have also contributed to autism risk.
Direct Flux Linkage Control Scheme for Highly Utilized DC/DC Converters with Simple Interleaving Method
Creators: name: Bohnet, Bernd
name: Axtmann, Christian
name: Schwendemann, Rudiger
name: Braun, Michael
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2016

description: In this contribution, a control scheme for n-leg interleaved DC/DC converters is presented, allowing dead beat
current control. Accurate average current control is ensured even for nonlinear filter components such as iron powder inductors or ferrite core inductors used near their saturation limit.
Furthermore, the control scheme features a common measurement instant for all measured values. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is shown with a three leg bidirectional DC/DC converter.
美国黑人反种族主义思想传播效果研究
Creators: name: Zhang, Shiyao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: History
subject: 160803 Race and Ethnic Relations
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 160503 Communications and Media Policy
subject: FOS: Political science

description: 种族歧视是美国社会的焦点问题，面对黑人受到的种种不公平待遇，反种族主义运动频频发生。作为反种族主义运动得以开展并进行的重要推手，美国黑人在思想传播上采取了多种有效措施并取得了一定成效。但不容忽视的是美国黑人反种族主义运动常常以被消解而宣告结束的事实，这也透露了其思想传播方面仍存在有效性不足的问题，对这些问题的探究对美国黑人的研究具有重要的意义。
Anisotropies in the Gravitational-Wave Stochastic Background
Creators: name: Olmez, S.
name: Mandic, V.
name: Siemens, X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider anisotropies in the stochastic background of gravitational-waves (SBGW) arising from random fluctuations in the number of gravitational-wave sources. We first develop the general formalism which can be applied to different cosmological or astrophysical scenarios. We then apply this formalism to calculate the anisotropies of SBGW associated with the fluctuations in the number of cosmic string loops, considering both cosmic string cusps and kinks. We calculate the anisotropies as a function of angle and frequency.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Rejuvenating Power Spectra II: the Gaussianized galaxy density field
Creators: name: Neyrinck, Mark C.
name: Szapudi, István
name: Szalay, Alexander S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find that, even in the presence of discreteness noise, a Gaussianizing transform (producing a more-Gaussian one-point distribution) reduces nonlinearities in the power spectra of cosmological matter and galaxy density fields, in many cases drastically. Although Gaussianization does increase the effective shot noise, it also increases the power spectrum's fidelity to the linear power spectrum on scales where the shot noise is negligible. Gaussianizing also increases the Fisher information in the power spectrum in all cases and resolutions, although the gains are smaller in redshift space than in real space. We also find that the gain in cumulative Fisher information from Gaussianizing peaks at a particular grid resolution that depends on the sampling level.
description: Slight changes to match version accepted to ApJ. 7 pages, 8 figures
The Course of Law: State Intervention in Southern Lynch Mob Violence 1882–1930
Creators: name: Makovi, Kinga Reka
name: Hagan, Ryan
name: Bearman, Peter Shawn
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Lynching
Legitimacy of governments
Violence
Politics and government

description: Collective violence when framed by its perpetrators as “citizen” justice is inherently a challenge to state legitimacy. To properly account for such violence, it is necessary to consider an opportunity structure incorporating the actions of both vigilantes and agents of the state. The motivation and lethality of lynch mobs in the South cannot be understood without considering how the state reacted to the legitimacy challenges posed by lynching. We trace the shifting orientation of state agents to lynching attempts between the end of Reconstruction and the start of the Great Depression. Analyzing an inventory of more than 1,000 averted and completed lynching events in three Southern states, we model geographic and temporal patterns in the determinants of mob formation, state intervention, and intervention success. Opponents of lynching often pled with mobs to “let the law take its course.” This article examines the course followed by the law itself, as state actors moved between encouraging, accommodating, and in many instances averting mob violence
On intrinsically knotted or completely 3-linked graphs
Creators: name: Hanaki, Ryo
name: Nikkuni, Ryo
name: Taniyama, Kouki
name: Yamazaki, Akiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M15, 57M25

description: We say that a graph is intrinsically knotted or completely 3-linked if every embedding of the graph into the 3-sphere contains a nontrivial knot or a 3-component link any of whose 2-component sublink is nonsplittable. We show that a graph obtained from the complete graph on seven vertices by a finite sequence of $\triangle Y$-exchanges and $Y \triangle$-exchanges is a minor-minimal intrinsically knotted or completely 3-linked graph.
description: 17 pages, 9 figures
Spin superconductor in ferromagnetic graphene
Creators: name: Sun, Qing-feng
name: Jiang, Zhao-tan
name: Yu, Yue
name: Xie, X. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show a spin superconductor (SSC) in ferromagnetic graphene as the counterpart to the charge superconductor, in which a spin-polarized electron-hole pair plays the role of the spin $2 (\hbar/2)$ `Cooper pair' with a neutral charge. We present a BCS-type theory for the SSC. With the `London-type equations' of the super-spin-current density, we show the existence of an electric `Meissner effect' against a spatial varying electric field. We further study a SSC/normal conductor/SSC junction and predict a spin-current Josephson effect.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Present Constraints on the H-dibaryon at the Physical Point from Lattice QCD
Creators: name: Beane, S. R.
name: Chang, E.
name: Detmold, W.
name: Joo, B.
name: Lin, H. W.
name: Luu, T. C.
name: Orginos, K.
name: Parreno, A.
name: Savage, M. J.
name: Torok, A.
name: Walker-Loud, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The current constraints from lattice QCD on the existence of the H-dibaryon are discussed. With only two significant lattice QCD calculations of the H-dibaryon binding energy at approximately the same lattice spacing, the forms of the chiral and continuum extrapolations to the physical point are not determined. In this brief report, we consider the constraints on the H-dibaryon imposed by two simple chiral extrapolations. In both instances, the extrapolation to the physical pion mass allows for a bound H-dibaryon or a near-threshold scattering state. Further lattice QCD calculations are required to clarify this situation.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures, 1 table; revised for the journal
美国黑人反种族主义思想传播效果研究.pdf
Creators: name: Zhang, Shiyao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: History
subject: 160803 Race and Ethnic Relations
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 160503 Communications and Media Policy
subject: FOS: Political science

description: 种族歧视是美国社会的焦点问题，面对黑人受到的种种不公平待遇，反种族主义运动频频发生。作为反种族主义运动得以开展并进行的重要推手，美国黑人在思想传播上采取了多种有效措施并取得了一定成效。但不容忽视的是美国黑人反种族主义运动常常以被消解而宣告结束的事实，这也透露了其思想传播方面仍存在有效性不足的问题，对这些问题的探究对美国黑人的研究具有重要的意义。
Intermediate models for longitudinal profiles of cosmic showers
Creators: name: Montanus, J. M. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmic rays impacting on the atmosphere cause particle-showers. Several descriptions exist for the evolution of the shower size along the atmospheric depth. The well known functions for shower profiles, Greisen, Gaisser-Hillas and `Gaussian in Age', are intimately connected in that they all are approximate solutions of versions of the Rossi and Greisen diffusion equations. The mathematical connection will be demonstrated by means of two simple models for the longitudinal electromagnetic shower profile. Both models can be regarded either as a generalization of the Heitler model or as a simplification of the diffusion model of Rossi and Greisen. These models are far closer to reality than the Heitler model, while they are not as close to reality as the model of Rossi and Greisen. Therefore, they will be referred to as intermediate models. For each intermediate model the evolution of the shower is governed by either a single differential equation or a single integro-differential equation. The approximate solution of the differential equation is a Gaisser-Hillas function and can be adjusted such that it almost matches the Greisen profile. The approximate solution of the integro-differential equation is a `Gaussian in Age' function. The corresponding profile is, after suitable adjustment, in excellent agreement with the Greisen profile. The analysis also leads to an alternative functional form for the age parameter.
description: 21 pages, 4 figures
Kepler Eclipsing Binary Stars. I. Catalog and Principal Characterization of 1879 Eclipsing Binaries in the First Data Release
Creators: name: Prsa, Andrej
name: Batalha, Natalie M.
name: Slawson, Robert W.
name: Doyle, Laurance R.
name: Welsh, William F.
name: Orosz, Jerome A.
name: Seager, Sara
name: Rucker, Michael
name: Mjaseth, Kimberly
name: Engle, Scott G.
name: Conroy, Kyle
name: Jenkins, Jon M.
name: Caldwell, Douglas A.
name: Koch, David G.
name: Borucki, William J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Kepler space mission is devoted to finding Earth-size planets in habitable zones orbiting other stars. Its large, 105-deg field-of-view features over 156,000 stars that are observed continuously to detect and characterize planet transits. Yet this high-precision instrument holds great promise for other types of objects as well. Here we present a comprehensive catalog of eclipsing binary stars observed by Kepler in the first 44 days of operation, the data which are publicly available through MAST as of 6/15/2010. The catalog contains 1879 unique objects. For each object we provide its Kepler ID (KID), ephemeris (BJD0, P0), morphology type, physical parameters (Teff, log g, E(B-V), crowding), and principal parameters (T2/T1, q, fillout factor and sin i for overcontacts, and T2/T1, (R1+R2)/a, e sin(w), e cos(w), and sin i for detached binaries). We present statistics based on the determined periods and measure an average occurence rate of eclipsing binaries to be ~1.2% across the Kepler field. We further discuss the distribution of binaries as function of galactic latitude, and thoroughly explain the application of artificial intelligence to obtain principal parameters in a matter of seconds for the whole sample. The catalog was envisioned to serve as a bridge between the now public Kepler data and the scientific community interested in eclipsing binary stars.
description: 51 pages, in press (AJ). Online catalog: http://astro4.ast.villanova.edu/aprsa/kepler
Time-dependent self-trapping of Bose-Einstein Condensates in a double-well potential
Creators: name: Cui, B.
name: Wang, L. C.
name: Yi, X. X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the mean-field approximation and the phase space analysis, we discuss the dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates in a double-well potential. By applying a periodic modulation to the coupling between the condensates, we find the condensates can be trapped in the time-dependent eigenstates of the effective Hamiltonian, we refer to this effect as time-dependent self-trapping of BECs. A comparison of this self-trapping with the adiabatic evolution is made, finding that the adiabatic evolution beyond the traditional(linear) adiabatic condition can be achieved in BECs by manipulating the nonlinearity and the ratio of the level bias to the coupling constant. The fixed points for the system are calculated and discussed.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures