cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Effect of strain on surface diffusion in semiconductor heteroepitaxy
Creators: name: Penev, Evgeni
name: Kratzer, Peter
name: Scheffler, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a first-principles analysis of the strain renormalization of the cation diffusivity on the GaAs(001) surface. For the example of In/GaAs(001)-c(4x4) it is shown that the binding of In is increased when the substrate lattice is expanded. The diffusion barrier ΔE(e) has a non-monotonic strain dependence with a maximum at compressive strain values (e < 0), while being a decreasing function for any tensile strain (e > 0) studied. We discuss the consequences of spatial variations of both the binding energy and the diffusion barrier of an adatom caused by the strain field around a heteroepitaxial island. For a simplified geometry, we evaluate the speed of growth of two coherently strained islands on the GaAs(001) surface and identify a growth regime where island sizes tend to equalize during growth due to the strain dependence of surface diffusion.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures, LaTeX2e, to appear in Phys. Rev. B (2001). Other related publications can be found at http://www.rz-berlin.mpg.de/th/paper.html
MOESM1 of Long-lasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual spraying may not be sufficient to eliminate malaria in a low malaria incidence area: results from a cluster randomized controlled trial in Ethiopia
Creators: name: Eskindir Loha
name: Wakgari Deressa
name: Taye Gari
name: Meshesha Balkew
name: Oljira Kenea
name: Tarekegn Solomon
name: Alemayehu Hailu
name: Robberstad, Bjarne
name: Meselech Assegid
name: Overgaard, Hans
name: LindtjĂ¸Rn, Bernt
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Schedule of enrolment, interventions and assessments.
Quantifying and addressing the prevalence and bias of study designs in the environmental and social sciences
Creators: name: Christie, Alec P.
name: Abecasis, David
name: Adjeroud, Mehdi
name: Alonso, Juan C.
name: Amano, Tatsuya
name: Anton, Alvaro
name: Baldigo, Barry P.
name: Barrientos, Rafael
name: Bicknell, Jake E.
name: Buhl, Deborah A.
name: Cebrian, Just
name: Ceia, Ricardo S.
name: Cibils-Martina, Luciana
name: Clarke, Sarah
name: Claudet, Joachim
name: Craig, Michael D.
name: Davoult, Dominique
name: De Backer, Annelies
name: Donovan, Mary K.
name: Eddy, Tyler D.
name: França, Filipe M.
name: Gardner, Jonathan P. A.
name: Harris, Bradley P.
name: Huusko, Ari
name: Jones, Ian L.
name: Kelaher, Brendan P.
name: Kotiaho, Janne S.
name: López-Baucells, Adrià
name: Major, Heather L.
name: Mäki-Petäys, Aki
name: Martín, Beatriz
name: Martín, Carlos A.
name: Martin, Philip A.
name: Mateos-Molina, Daniel
name: McConnaughey, Robert A.
name: Meroni, Michele
name: Meyer, Christoph F. J.
name: Mills, Kade
name: Montefalcone, Monica
name: Noreika, Norbertas
name: Palacín, Carlos
name: Pande, Anjali
name: Pitcher, C. Roland
name: Ponce, Carlos
name: Rinella, Matt
name: Rocha, Ricardo
name: Ruiz-Delgado, María C.
name: Schmitter-Soto, Juan J.
name: Shaffer, Jill A.
name: Sharma, Shailesh
name: Sher, Anna A.
name: Stagnol, Doriane
name: Stanley, Thomas R.
name: Stokesbury, Kevin D. E.
name: Torres, Aurora
name: Tully, Oliver
name: Vehanen, Teppo
name: Watts, Corinne
name: Zhao, Qingyuan
name: Sutherland, William J.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Article
/631/158
/704/172/4081
/706/648
/706/689
article

description: Abstract: Building trust in science and evidence-based decision-making depends heavily on the credibility of studies and their findings. Researchers employ many different study designs that vary in their risk of bias to evaluate the true effect of interventions or impacts. Here, we empirically quantify, on a large scale, the prevalence of different study designs and the magnitude of bias in their estimates. Randomised designs and controlled observational designs with pre-intervention sampling were used by just 23% of intervention studies in biodiversity conservation, and 36% of intervention studies in social science. We demonstrate, through pairwise within-study comparisons across 49 environmental datasets, that these types of designs usually give less biased estimates than simpler observational designs. We propose a model-based approach to combine study estimates that may suffer from different levels of study design bias, discuss the implications for evidence synthesis, and how to facilitate the use of more credible study designs.
Gene functional networks and autism spectrum characteristics in young people with intellectual disability: a dimensional phenotyping study
Creators: name: Brkić, Diandra
name: Ng-Cordell, Elise
name: O’Brien, Sinéad
name: Scerif, Gaia
name: Astle, Duncan
name: Baker, Kate
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Research
subject: Autism dimensions
subject: Intellectual disability
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Hyperactivity
subject: Anxiety

description: Funder: Baily Thomas Charitable Fund; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001262
description: Abstract: Background: The relationships between specific genetic aetiology and phenotype in neurodevelopmental disorders are complex and hotly contested. Genes associated with intellectual disability (ID) can be grouped into networks according to gene function. This study explored whether individuals with ID show differences in autism spectrum characteristics (ASC), depending on the functional network membership of their rare, pathogenic de novo genetic variants. Methods: Children and young people with ID of known genetic origin were allocated to two broad functional network groups: synaptic physiology (n = 29) or chromatin regulation (n = 23). We applied principle components analysis to the Social Responsiveness Scale to map the structure of ASC in this population and identified three components—Inflexibility, Social Understanding and Social Motivation. We then used Akaike information criterion to test the best fitting models for predicting ASC components, including demographic factors (age, gender), non-ASC behavioural factors (global adaptive function, anxiety, hyperactivity, inattention), and gene functional networks. Results: We found that, when other factors are accounted for, the chromatin regulation group showed higher levels of Inflexibility. We also observed contrasting predictors of ASC within each network group. Within the chromatin regulation group, Social Understanding was associated with inattention, and Social Motivation was predicted by hyperactivity. Within the synaptic group, Social Understanding was associated with hyperactivity, and Social Motivation was linked to anxiety. Limitations: Functional network definitions were manually curated based on multiple sources of evidence, but a data-driven approach to classification may be more robust. Sample sizes for rare genetic diagnoses remain small, mitigated by our network-based approach to group comparisons. This is a cross-sectional study across a wide age range, and longitudinal data within focused age groups will be informative of developmental trajectories across network groups. Conclusion: We report that gene functional networks can predict Inflexibility, but not other ASC dimensions. Contrasting behavioural associations within each group suggest network-specific developmental pathways from genomic variation to autism. Simple classification of neurodevelopmental disorder genes as high risk or low risk for autism is unlikely to be valid or useful.
Comprehensive feature selection for classifying the treatment outcome of high-intensity ultrasound therapy in uterine fibroids
Creators: name: Suomi, Visa
name: Komar, Gaber
name: Sainio, Teija
name: Joronen, Kirsi
name: Perheentupa, Antti
name: Sequeiros, Roberto Blanco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The study aim was to utilise multiple feature selection methods in order to select the most important parameters from clinical patient data for high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment outcome classification in uterine fibroids. The study was retrospective using patient data from 66 HIFU treatments with 89 uterine fibroids. A total of 39 features were extracted from the patient data and 14 different filter-based feature selection methods were used to select the most informative features. The selected features were then used in a support vector classification (SVC) model to evaluate the performance of these parameters in predicting HIFU therapy outcome. The therapy outcome was defined as non-perfused volume (NPV) ratio in three classes: <30%, 30-80% or >80%. The ten most highly ranked features in order were: fibroid diameter, subcutaneous fat thickness, fibroid volume, fibroid distance, Funaki type I, fundus location, gravidity, Funaki type III, submucosal fibroid type and urinary symptoms. The maximum F1-micro classification score was 0.63 using the top ten features from Mutual Information Maximisation (MIM) and Joint Mutual Information (JMI) feature selection methods. Classification performance of HIFU therapy outcome prediction in uterine fibroids is highly dependent on the chosen feature set which should be determined prior using different classifiers.
title: NOAA Arctic Report Card 2023 : Permafrost Beneath Arctic Ocean Margins
Creators: name: Overduin, P. P.
name: Portnov, A.
name: Ruppel, C. D.
Publisher: name: NOAA Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing Program
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/037bamf06
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2023

description: NOAA Technical Report OAR ARC ; 23-10
description: Even among scientists, it is not widely known that sediment beneath many continental shelves surrounding the Arctic Ocean is frozen. In areas that were exposed and not glaciated at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; approximately 21,000 years ago), prolonged subaerial exposure froze the ground down to hundreds of meters below the surface, creating permafrost. During deglaciation, sea levels rose and ocean water inundated coastal permafrost at low elevations, resulting in model estimates of 2.5 million km2 of ice-bearing subsea permafrost today (Fig. 1, Overduin et al. 2019). Today, terrestrial permafrost extends from the boreal forests on the south to the Arctic Ocean coastline on the north. On some Arctic Ocean margins, subsea permafrost starts at the coastline and continues northward beneath the seabed, even reaching the edge of the continental shelf in some places.
Why ferromagnetic semiconductors?
Creators: name: Dietl, Tomasz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rapid development of information technologies originates from the exponential increase in the density of information that can be processed, stored, and transfer by the unit area of relevant devices. There is, however, a growing amount of evidences that the progress achieved in this way approaches its limits. Various novel ideas put forward to circumvent barriers ahead are described. Particular attention is paid to those concepts which propose to exploit electron or nuclear spins as the information carriers. Here, ferromagnetic semiconductors of III-V or II-VI compounds containing a sizable concentration of transition metals appear as outstanding spintronic materials.
description: 8 PDF pages, Polish Physical Soc. Meeting
Vom Experimentierfeld zum Lehrprofil – Forschendes Lernen als Leitidee
Creators: name: Tremp, Peter
name: Hoffmeister, Thomas
name: Koch, Henning
name: Tremp, Peter
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: 10.1007/978-3-658-28825-9

description: «Universität des Forschenden Lernens»: Mit diesem Anspruch hat die Universität Bremen in den letzten Jahren ihre Lehrangebote und damit ihr Lehrprofil weiterentwickelt. Die Publikation präsentiert anregende Beispiele und konkretisierende Hinweise zur Umsetzung dieses Postulats. Erörtert werden Modelle und Konzeptionen des Forschenden Lernens als Studiengangsprofil, diskutiert werden Möglichkeiten der Übertragbarkeit. Die Publikation leistet damit einen praxisorientierten Beitrag zur Curriculumentwicklung an Hochschulen und nimmt Fragen auf, die sich an allen Hochschulen mit grosser Dringlichkeit stellen.
description: + ID der Publikation: phlu_12966 + Art des Beitrages: Buchkapitel/Beitrag in Sammelband + Seiten: 13 - 27 + Sprache: Deutsch + Letzte Aktualisierung: 2021-05-20 10:36:10
Climate Diversity in the Solar-Like Habitable Zone due to Varying Background Gas Pressure
Creators: name: Paradise, Adiv
name: Fan, Bo Lin
name: Menou, Kristen
name: Lee, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A large number of studies have responded to the growing body of confirmed terrestrial habitable zone exoplanets by presenting models of various possible climates. However, the impact of the partial pressure of background gases such as N$_2$ has not yet been well-explored, despite the abundance of N$_2$ in Earth's atmosphere and the lack of constraints on its typical abundance in terrestrial planet atmospheres. We use PlaSim, a fast 3D climate model, to simulate many hundreds of climates around Sun-like stars with varying N$_2$ partial pressures, instellations, and surface characteristics to identify the impact of the background gas partial pressure on the climate. We find that the climate's response is nonlinear and highly sensitive to the background gas partial pressure. We identify pressure broadening of greenhouse gas (such as CO$_2$ and H$_2$O) absorption lines, amplification of warming or cooling by the water vapor greenhouse positive feedback, heat transport efficiency, and cooling through Rayleigh scattering as the dominant competing mechanisms that determine the equilibrium climate for a given N$_2$ partial pressure. Finally, we show that different amounts of N$_2$ should have a significant effect on broadband reflected light observations of terrestrial exoplanets around Sun-like stars.
description: Revised; accepted for publication in Icarus. 45 pages, 15 figures, 2 tables
Additional file 1: of Exploring the effect of implementation and context on a stepped-wedge randomised controlled trial of a vital sign triage device in routine maternity care in low-resource settings
Creators: name: Vousden, Nicola
name: Lawley, Elodie
name: Seed, Paul
name: Muchabayiwa Gidiri
name: Charantimath, Umesh
name: Makonyola, Grace
name: Brown, Adrian
name: Lomi Yadeta
name: Best, Rebecca
name: Chinkoyo, Sebastian
name: Bellington Vwalika
name: Annettee Nakimuli
name: Ditai, James
name: Greene, Grace
name: Chappell, Lucy
name: Sandall, Jane
name: Shennan, Andrew
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Table S1. Effect of the intervention on referrals in individual clusters. Table S2. Effect of the intervention on the primary outcome in individual clusters. Figure S1. Thresholds that trigger the traffic light early warning system on the CRADLE Vital Sign Alert (DOCX 6918 kb)
Substrate effects in the magneto-optical second-harmonic generation from first principles: Fe/Cu(001)
Creators: name: Andersen, Torsten
name: Huebner, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the nonlinear optical response of an Fe monolayer placed on top of 1 to 4 monolayers of Cu(001). Our calculation is based on ab initio eigenstates of the slab, which are obtained within the full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave method. The ground-state spin-polarized electronic structure is converged self-consistently to an accuracy better than 0.1 mRy. Subsequently, we take the spin-orbit interaction into account within a second variational treatment. The new set of eigenstates allows us to calculate the magneto-optical transition matrix elements. The second-harmonic response is determined in the reflection geometry with magnetization perpendicular to the surface (the so-called polar configuration) using the surface-sheet model. Adding layers of a noble metal (Cu) to the Fe monolayer gives a new degree of freedom for the inclusion of nonmagnetic Cu d bands to the nonlinear magneto-optical response of the slab, and the energy bands show that such an addition converges essentially to an addition of d states and a small broadening of the d band with growing number of Cu layers. The screened nonlinear optical susceptibility is calculated and converges quite well with a growing number of Cu layers. Our first-principles results confirm that the magnetic tensor elements of the nonlinear optical response tensor are roughly of the same order of magnitude as the nonmagnetic ones (in contrast to linear optics, where the magnetic response is only a minor correction).
description: 12 Pages, 9 Figures, 1 Table. Due to size limit only the abstract is available here. Look to Phys. Rev. B for full article, or ask for reprint
Piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride-based epoxy composites produced by combined uniaxial compression and poling
Creators: name: Bezaitis, K.
name: Papathanassiou, A. N.
name: Sakkelis, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a simple, efficient method, which combines uniaxial compression and subsequent poling, to produce piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride-based epoxy composites. The values of the piezoelectric factors obtained are slightly higher than those of neat piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride. The composites respond rapidly and reach a saturation voltage output, to the application of mechanical stimulus quickly. The composites are promising for the creation of bulk piezoelectric devices, different from the usual stretched films, exploiting the physic-chemical a of the epoxy matrix. The piezoelectric factor d31 versus the mechanical stimulus for the specimens studied, scale according to a double logarithmic representation.
description: 6 figures
A proof of Atiyah's conjecture on configurations, of four points in Euclidean three-space
Creators: name: Eastwood, Michael
name: Norbury, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 51M04, 70G25

description: From any configuration of finitely many points in Euclidean three-space, Atiyah constructed a determinant and conjectured that it was always non-zero. Atiyah and Sutcliffe (hep-th/0105179) amass a great deal of evidence it its favour. In this article we prove the conjecture for the case of four points.
description: Published by Geometry and Topology at http://www.maths.warwick.ac.uk/gt/GTVol5/paper27.abs.html
Fock representations of Zamolodchikov algebras and R-matrices
Creators: name: Lechner, Gandalf
name: Scotford, Charley
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A variation of the Zamolodchikov-Faddeev algebra over a finite dimensional Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}$ and an involutive unitary $R$-Matrix $S$ is studied. This algebra carries a natural vacuum state, and the corresponding Fock representation spaces $\mathcal{F}_S(\mathcal{H})$ are shown to satisfy $\mathcal{F}_{S\boxplus R}(\mathcal{H}\oplus\mathcal{K}) \cong \mathcal{F}_S(\mathcal{H})\otimes \mathcal{F}_R(\mathcal{K})$, where $S\boxplus R$ is the box-sum of $S$ (on $\mathcal{H}\otimes\mathcal{H}$) and $R$ (on $\mathcal{K}\otimes\mathcal{K}$). This analysis generalises the well-known structure of Bose/Fermi Fock spaces and a recent result of Pennig.\par It is also discussed to which extent the Fock representation depends on the underlying $R$-matrix, and applications to quantum field theory (scaling limits of integrable models) are sketched.
description: 22 pages
Momentum dependence of symmetry potential in asymmetric nuclear matter for transport model calculations
Creators: name: Das, C. B.
name: Gupta, S. Das
name: Gale, C.
name: Li, Bao-An
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For transport model simulations of collisions between two nuclei which have $N/Z$ significantly different from unity one needs a one-body potential which is both isospin and momentum dependent. This work provides sets of such potentials.
description: Revtex, 9 pages including 6 figures
Differences in receipt of opioid agonist treatment and time to enter treatment for opioid use disorder among specialty addiction programs in the United States, 2014-17
Creators: name: Yang, Justin C.
name: Roman-Urrestarazu, Andres
name: Brayne, Carol
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Research Article
subject: Medicine and health sciences
subject: Social sciences
subject: FOS: Social sciences
subject: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: People and places

description: Background: Access to adequate treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) has been a high priority among American policymakers. Elucidation of the sociodemographic and institutional differences associated with the use, or lack thereof, of opioid agonist therapy (OAT) provides greater clarity on who receives OAT. Timely access to care is a further consideration and bears scrutiny as well. Methods: We draw upon data from the Treatment Episode Data Set—Admissions (TEDS-A) to analyse the relationship between sociodemographic and institutional characteristics and the receipt of opioid agonist treatments and time waiting to enter treatment. Results: Estimates from logistic regression models highlight certain groups which show lower odds of receipt of OAT, including those in precarious housing arrangements, those unemployed or not otherwise in the labor force, and those referred by drug abuse care providers, educational institutions, employers, and the criminal justice system. Groups which showed higher odds of waiting over a week to enter treatment included those who were separated, divorced, or widowed, those working part-time, and those referred by drug abuse care providers, employers, and the criminal justice system. Conclusion: Given the efficacy of OAT and the adverse outcomes associated with long waiting times, coordinated effort is needed to understand why these differences persist and how they may be addressed through appropriate policy responses.
Allocladius salti Ferrington Jr & Saether 2011, comb. n.
Creators: name: Ferrington Jr, Leonard C.
name: Saether, Ole A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Chironomidae
Allocladius
Allocladius salti

description: Allocladius salti (Freeman) comb. n.
(Fig. 19 G)
 Pseudosmittia salti Freeman, 1954: 442, pro parte.
 Smittia nigra, Freeman, 1956: 349, pro parte, not Kieffer 1913: 28, not Freeman, 1953: 206.
 Allocladius niger (Freeman); Freeman & Cranston 1980: 181, pro parte, not Kieffer 1913: 28.
 Material examined: TANZANIA: Kilimanjaro, Shira Plateau, sweeping bog grass at 12,100 feet, holotype male, 27.xi.1948, G. Salt (495)(BMNH).
 Diagnostic characters: The male imago can be separated from other species with more than 3 acrostichals, supraalar setae, large superior volsella and with large lobe-like accessory lobe of the inferior volsella by having R 4+5 ending far proximal of the end of M 3+4 and an AR of about 0.84.
 Male imago (n = 1)
 All measurements and ratios are within the variation of A. aizaiensis with the following exceptions: Total length/wing length 1.54; wing length/length of profemur 3.11; AR 0.84; terminal flagellomere 333 µm long; tentorium 151 µm long; stipes 139 µm long; 5 prealars; VR 1.41; no costal extension; R 4+5 ends far proximal of end of M 3+4; BV 3.70; BR 1 4.2; gonostylus 64 µm long; HR 2.89; and HV 3.63.
 Remarks
 Freeman (1954: 442) described a mixed collection of A. salti and A. niger. There is a female, which we have not examined with the same data as the holotype in the BMNH. However, since we do not have an associated female of A. niger we would not be able to assign that female to a species.
 Distribution
The species is known with certainty only from the type locality in Tanzania.
description: Published as part of Ferrington Jr, Leonard C. & Saether, Ole A., 2011, A revision of the genera Pseudosmittia Edwards, 1932, Allocladius Kieffer, 1913, and Hydrosmittia gen. n. (Diptera: Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae) 2849, pp. 1-314 in Zootaxa 2849 (1) on pages 75-77, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2849.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5288200
Canonical transformations and squeezing formalism in cosmology
Creators: name: Grain, Julien
name: Vennin, Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Canonical transformations are ubiquitous in Hamiltonian mechanics, since they not only describe the fundamental invariance of the theory under phase-space reparameterisations, but also generate the dynamics of the system. In the first part of this work we study the symplectic structure associated with linear canonical transformations. After reviewing salient mathematical properties of the symplectic group in a pedagogical way, we introduce the squeezing formalism, and show how any linear dynamics can be cast in terms of an invariant representation. In the second part, we apply these results to the case of cosmological perturbations, and focus on scalar field fluctuations during inflation. We show that different canonical variables select out different vacuum states, and that this leaves an ambiguity in observational predictions if initial conditions are set at a finite time in the past. We also discuss how the effectiveness of the quantum-to-classical transition of cosmological perturbations depends on the set of canonical variables used to describe them.
description: 82 pages, 2 figures, matches published version
Mg II & C IV Kinematics vs. Stellar Kinematics in Galaxies
Creators: name: Churchill, Chris
name: Steidel, Chuck
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Comparisons of the kinematics of Mg II absorbing gas and the stellar rotation curves in 0.5 < z < 1.0 spiral galaxies suggests that, at least in some cases, the extended gaseous envelopes may be dynamically coupled to the stellar matter. A strong correlation exists between the overall kinematic spread of Mg II absorbing gas and C IV absorption strength, and therefore kinematics of the higher-ionization gas. Taken together, the data may suggest a "halo/disk connection" between z~1 galaxies and their extended gaseous envelopes. Though the number of galaxies in our sample are few, there are no clear examples that suggest the gas is accreting/infalling isotropically about the galaxies from the intergalactic medium.
description: 6 pages; 3 figures; to appear in the proceedings for "The IGM/Galaxy Connection" conference held in Boulder, Colorado, August 8-10, 2002
Evaluating the Effect of Non-cellular Bioactive Glass-Containing Scaffolds on Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis in in vivo Animal Bone Defect Models
Creators: name: Ranmuthu, Chanuka D. S.
name: Ranmuthu, Charindu K. I.
name: Russell, Jodie C.
name: Singhania, Disha
name: Khan, Wasim S.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Bioengineering and Biotechnology
scaffolds
bone
bioactive glass
osteogenesis
angiogenesis

description: The use of bone scaffolds to replace injured or diseased bone has many advantages over the currently used autologous and allogeneic options in clinical practice. This systematic review evaluates the current evidence for non-cellular scaffolds containing bioactive glass on osteogenesis and angiogenesis in animal bone defect models. Studies that reported results of osteogenesis via micro-CT and results of angiogenesis via Microfil perfusion or immunohistochemistry were included in the review. A literature search of PubMed, EMBASE and Scopus was carried out in November 2019 from which nine studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Despite the significant heterogeneity in the composition of the scaffolds used in each study, it could be concluded that scaffolds containing bioactive glass improve bone regeneration in these models, both by osteogenic and angiogenic measures. Incorporation of additional elements into the glass network, using additives, and using biochemical factors generally had a beneficial effect. Comparing the different compositions of non-cellular bioactive glass containing scaffolds is however difficult due to the heterogeneity in bioactive glass compositions, fabrication methods and biochemical additives used.
On Warm-Starting Neural Network Training
Creators: name: Ash, Jordan T.
name: Adams, Ryan P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In many real-world deployments of machine learning systems, data arrive piecemeal. These learning scenarios may be passive, where data arrive incrementally due to structural properties of the problem (e.g., daily financial data) or active, where samples are selected according to a measure of their quality (e.g., experimental design). In both of these cases, we are building a sequence of models that incorporate an increasing amount of data. We would like each of these models in the sequence to be performant and take advantage of all the data that are available to that point. Conventional intuition suggests that when solving a sequence of related optimization problems of this form, it should be possible to initialize using the solution of the previous iterate -- to "warm start" the optimization rather than initialize from scratch -- and see reductions in wall-clock time. However, in practice this warm-starting seems to yield poorer generalization performance than models that have fresh random initializations, even though the final training losses are similar. While it appears that some hyperparameter settings allow a practitioner to close this generalization gap, they seem to only do so in regimes that damage the wall-clock gains of the warm start. Nevertheless, it is highly desirable to be able to warm-start neural network training, as it would dramatically reduce the resource usage associated with the construction of performant deep learning systems. In this work, we take a closer look at this empirical phenomenon and try to understand when and how it occurs. We also provide a surprisingly simple trick that overcomes this pathology in several important situations, and present experiments that elucidate some of its properties.
MOESM1 of Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the artesunate–mefloquine fixed dose combination for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in African children
Creators: name: Guidi, Monia
name: Mercier, Thomas
name: Aouri, Manel
name: Decosterd, Laurent
name: Csajka, Chantal
name: Bernhards Ogutu
name: Carn, Gwénaëlle
name: Jean-René Kiechel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Ecology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1. Artesunate (upper panel) and dihydroartemisinin (lower panel) goodness-of-fit plots of observed vs. individual and population predicted concentrations, and conditional weighted residuals (CWRES) vs. population predicted concentrations and time after dose.
title: Basic Analysis of Uncertainty Sources in the CFD Simulation of a Shell-and-Tube Latent Thermal Energy Storage Unit
Creators: name: König-Haagen, Andreas
name: Mühlbauer, Adam
name: Marquardt, Tom
name: Caron-Soupart, Adèle
name: Fourmigué, Jean-François
name: Brüggemann, Dieter
Publisher: name: University of Bayreuth
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: latent thermal energy storage
subject: uncertainty analysis
subject: phase change material
subject: CFD
subject: shell-and-tube
subject: 620

description: Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations are increasingly employed in the development of latent thermal energy storage units. Yet there are often strong deviations between the experiments and numerical results. To unveil the sources of the deviations for the CFD simulation of a vertical shell-and-tube latent thermal energy storage unit, a basic analysis of different uncertainties is undertaken in this paper. Consequently, the effect of a variation of 10 material properties, six initial and boundary conditions, as well as a displacement of the temperature measuring points in the simulation, are examined. The results depict that the influence of the substance data depend on the output variable under consideration. Beside material properties, which have almost no influence, there are some properties that influence the power and the global liquid phase fraction over time, and a third group, which also has an influence on the mean power. Partly in contrast to results found in literature, the highest influence on the mean power occurs for the heat losses (which are varied in an on/off manner), the density, and the melting enthalpy (both varied by±10%).
MOESM2 of Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the artesunate–mefloquine fixed dose combination for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in African children
Creators: name: Guidi, Monia
name: Mercier, Thomas
name: Aouri, Manel
name: Decosterd, Laurent
name: Csajka, Chantal
name: Bernhards Ogutu
name: Carn, Gwénaëlle
name: Jean-René Kiechel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 2. Mefloquine goodness-of-fit plots of observed vs. individual and population predicted concentrations, and conditional weighted residuals (CWRES) vs. population predicted concentrations and time after dose.
Determinants of Non-paid Task Division in Gay-, Lesbian-, and Heterosexual-Parent Families With Infants Conceived Using Artificial Reproductive Techniques
Creators: name: Van Rijn-Van Gelderen, Loes
name: Ellis-Davies, Kate
name: Huijzer-Engbrenghof, Marijke
name: Jorgensen, Terrence D.
name: Gross, Martine
name: Winstanley, Alice
name: Rubio, Berengere
name: Vecho, Olivier
name: Lamb, Michael E.
name: Bos, Henny M.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: non-paid task division
subject: parenting
subject: gay
subject: lesbian
subject: heterosexual
subject: first-time parents
subject: infants
subject: determinants

description: Background: The division of non-paid labor in heterosexual parents in the West is usually still gender-based, with mothers taking on the majority of direct caregiving responsibilities. However, in same-sex couples, gender cannot be the deciding factor. Inspired by Feinberg’s ecological model of co-parenting, this study investigated whether infant temperament, parent factors (biological relatedness to child, psychological adjustment, parenting stress, and work status), and partner relationship quality explained how first-time gay, lesbian, and heterosexual parents divided labor (childcare and family decision-making) when their infants were 4 and 12 months old. We also tested whether family type acted as a moderator. Method: Participants were drawn from the new parents study. Only those who provided information about their biological relatedness to their child (N = 263 parents) were included. When infants were 4 months (T1), parents completed a password-protected online questionnaire exploring their demographic characteristics including work status and standardized online-questionnaires on task division (childcare and family decision-making), infant temperament, parental anxiety, parental depression, parental stress, and partner relationship satisfaction. When infants were 12-months-old (T2), parents provided information about task division and their biological relatedness to their children. Results: Linear mixed models showed that no factor explained the division of family decision making at T1 and T2. For relative time spent on childcare tasks at T1, biological relatedness mattered for lesbian mothers only: biologically related mothers appeared to spend more time on childcare tasks than did non-related mothers. Results showed that, regardless of family type, parents who were not working or were working part-time at T1 performed more childcare tasks at T1. This was still true at T2. The other factors did not significantly contribute to relative time spent on childcare tasks at T2. Conclusion: We had the opportunity to analyze the division of non-paid tasks in families where parenting was necessarily planned and in which gender could not affect that division. Although Feinberg’s model of co-parenting suggests that various factors are related to task division, we found that paid work outside the home was most important during the first year of parenthood in determining caregiving roles.
Additional file 1 of PGxO and PGxLOD: a reconciliation of pharmacogenomic knowledge of various provenances, enabling further comparison
Creators: name: Monnin, Pierre
name: JoĂŤl Legrand
name: Husson, Graziella
name: Ringot, Patrice
name: Tchechmedjiev, Andon
name: ClĂŠment Jonquet
name: Napoli, Amedeo
name: Coulet, Adrien
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: PGxO reconciliation rules. This PDF file provides the definition of the five reconciliation rules and illustrates their behavior with concrete examples. (PDF 337 kb)
Context agnostic trajectory prediction based on $λ$-architecture
Creators: name: Psomakelis, Evangelos
name: Tserpes, Konstantinos
name: Zissisc, Dimitris
name: Anagnostopoulos, Dimosthenis
name: Varvarigou, Theodora
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Predicting the next position of movable objects has been a problem for at least the last three decades, referred to as trajectory prediction. In our days, the vast amounts of data being continuously produced add the big data dimension to the trajectory prediction problem, which we are trying to tackle by creating a λ-Architecture based analytics platform. This platform performs both batch and stream analytics tasks and then combines them to perform analytical tasks that cannot be performed by analyzing any of these layers by itself. The biggest benefit of this platform is its context agnostic trait, which allows us to use it for any use case, as long as a time-stamped geolocation stream is provided. The experimental results presented prove that each part of the λ-Architecture performs well at certain targets, making a combination of these parts a necessity in order to improve the overall accuracy and performance of the platform.
Admission Levels of Total Tau and β-Amyloid Isoforms 1–40 and 1–42 in Predicting the Outcome of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Creators: name: Hossain, Iftakher
name: Mohammadian, Mehrbod
name: Takala, Riikka S. K.
name: Tenovuo, Olli
name: Azurmendi Gil, Leire
name: Frantzén, Janek
name: Van Gils, Mark
name: Hutchinson, Peter J.
name: Katila, Ari J.
name: Maanpää, Henna-Riikka
name: Menon, David K.
name: Newcombe, Virginia F.
name: Tallus, Jussi
name: Hrusovsky, Kevin
name: Wilson, David H.
name: Gill, Jessica
name: Blennow, Kaj
name: Sanchez, Jean-Charles
name: Zetterberg, Henrik
name: Posti, Jussi P.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Neurology
traumatic brain injury
total tau
β-amyloid 1-40
β-amyloid 1-42
outcome

description: Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate if admission levels of total tau (T-tau) and β-amyloid isoforms 1-40 (Aβ40) and 1-42 (Aβ42) could predict clinical outcome in patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Methods: A total of 105 patients with mTBI [Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) ≥ 13] recruited in Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland were included in this study. Blood samples were drawn within 24 h of admission for analysis of plasma T-tau, Aβ40, and Aβ42. Patients were divided into computed tomography (CT)-positive and CT-negative groups. The outcome was assessed 6–12 months after the injury using the Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOSE). Outcomes were defined as complete (GOSE 8) or incomplete (GOSE < 8) recovery. The Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPCSQ) was also used to assess mTBI-related symptoms. Predictive values of the biomarkers were analyzed independently, in panels and together with clinical parameters. Results: The admission levels of plasma T-tau, Aβ40, and Aβ42 were not significantly different between patients with complete and incomplete recovery. The levels of T-tau, Aβ40, and Aβ42 could poorly predict complete recovery, with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.56, 0.52, and 0.54, respectively. For the whole cohort, there was a significant negative correlation between the levels of T-tau and ordinal GOSE score (Spearman ρ = −0.231, p = 0.018). In a multivariate logistic regression model including age, GCS, duration of posttraumatic amnesia, Injury Severity Score (ISS), time from injury to sampling, and CT findings, none of the biomarkers could predict complete recovery independently or together with the other two biomarkers. Plasma levels of T-tau, Aβ40, and Aβ42 did not significantly differ between the outcome groups either within the CT-positive or CT-negative subgroups. Levels of Aβ40 and Aβ42 did not significantly correlate with outcome, but in the CT-positive subgroup, the levels of T-tau significantly correlated with ordinal GOSE score (Spearman ρ = −0.288, p = 0.035). The levels of T-tau, Aβ40, and Aβ42 were not correlated with the RPCSQ scores. Conclusions: The early levels of T-tau are correlated with the outcome in patients with mTBI, but none of the biomarkers either alone or in any combinations could predict complete recovery in patients with mTBI.
title: Agency Priorities for Mapping Coral Reef Ecosystems in Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands
Creators: name: Williams, Bethany
name: Buckel, Christine
name: Dorfman, Dan
name: Towle, Erica
name: Pagan, Francisco
name: Howell, Jacob
name: Kraus, Jennifer
name: Hile, Sarah
Publisher: name: NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/05ba43f71
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: NOAA technical memorandum NOS NCCOS ; 321
description: NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) utilizes benthic mapping data on coral reef ecosystems to support a diversity of science-based management decisions. To efficiently allocate limited mapping resources, CRCP recognized a need to identify priority locations based on emerging management requirements. Specifically, this effort focuses on coral reef areas up to 40 m deep surrounding the islands of Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI).
Ballistic Spin Injection from Fe(001) into ZnSe and GaAs
Creators: name: Wunnicke, O.
name: Mavropoulos, Ph.
name: Zeller, R.
name: Dederichs, P. H.
name: Grundler, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the spin injection from Fe into ZnSe and GaAs in the ballistic limit. By means of the ab initio SKKR method we calculate the ground state properties of epitaxial Fe|ZnSe(001) and Fe|GaAs(001) heterostructures. Three injection processes are considered: injection of hot electrons and injection of "thermal" electrons with and without an interface barrier. The calculation of the conductance by the Landauer formula shows, that these interfaces act like a nearly ideal spin filter, with spin polarization as high as 99%. This can be traced back to the symmetry of the band structure of Fe for normal incidence.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Fast Exact Matrix Completion: A Unified Optimization Framework for Matrix Completion
Creators: name: Bertsimas, Dimitris
name: Li, Michael Lingzhi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We formulate the problem of matrix completion with and without side information as a non-convex optimization problem. We design fastImpute based on non-convex gradient descent and show it converges to a global minimum that is guaranteed to recover closely the underlying matrix while it scales to matrices of sizes beyond $10^5 \times 10^5$. We report experiments on both synthetic and real-world datasets that show fastImpute is competitive in both the accuracy of the matrix recovered and the time needed across all cases. Furthermore, when a high number of entries are missing, fastImpute is over $75\%$ lower in MAPE and $15$ times faster than current state-of-the-art matrix completion methods in both the case with side information and without.
title: Estimates of cetacean and pinniped bycatch in the New England and Mid-Atlantic gillnet fisheries, 2022
Creators: name: Precoda, Kristin
Publisher: name: NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service Northeast Fisheries Science Center
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/02nc0ck44
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Northeast Fisheries Science Center reference document ;  24-06
description: This report provides estimated bycatch of 7 species of small cetaceans and pinnipeds bycaught in the New England gillnet (NEG) and Mid-Atlantic gillnet (MAG) fisheries in 2022. The bycatch estimation methodology used for these data is the same as was used in the 2019 estimates (Precoda and Orphanides 2022), which describes slight modifications to the approach detailed in Orphanides and Hatch (2017).