cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Evidence for the concurrent growth of thick discs and central mass concentrations from S$^4$G imaging
Creators: name: Comerón, Sébastien
name: Elmegreen, Bruce G.
name: Salo, Heikki
name: Laurikainen, Eija
name: Holwerda, Benne W.
name: Knapen, Johan H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have produced $3.6μ{\rm m}+4.5μ{\rm m}$ vertically integrated radial luminosity profiles of 69 edge-on galaxies from the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (S$^4$G). We decomposed the luminosity profiles into a disc and a central mass concentration (CMC). These fits, combined with thin/thick disc decompositions from our previous studies, allow us to estimate the masses of the CMCs, the thick discs, and the thin discs ($\mathcal{M}_{\rm CMC}$, $\mathcal{M}_{\rm T}$, and $\mathcal{M}_{\rm T}$). We obtained atomic disc masses ($\mathcal{M}_{\rm g}$) from the literature. We then consider the CMC and the thick disc to be dynamically hot components and the thin disc and the gas disc to be dynamically cold components. We find that the ratio between the mass of the hot components and that of the cold components, $(\mathcal{M}_{\rm CMC}+\mathcal{M}_{\rm T})/(\mathcal{M}_{\rm t}+\mathcal{M}_{\rm g})$, does not depend on the total galaxy mass as described by circular velocities ($v_{\rm c}$). We also find that the higher the $v_{\rm c}$, the more concentrated the hot component of a galaxy. We suggest that our results are compatible with having CMCs and thick discs built in a short and early high star forming intensity phase. These components were born thick because of the large scale height of the turbulent gas disc in which they originated. Our results indicate that the ratio between the star forming rate in the former phase and that of the formation of the thin disc is of the order of 10, but the value depends on the duration of the high star forming intensity phase.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A
Ontologies and building digital twins.
Creators: name: Several Authors
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: A review of existing ontologies in construction is presented (updated September 2022). Motivation, alignments and final applications with special interest on methodologies. Software Tools are presented in an Appendix. Some use cases are presented with different orientations. Final conclusions are oriented to new paths to follow in future developments, considering other technologies and commercial solutions nowadays. More than new ontologies the use of existing ontologies as DICon1 could help to standardize and make an ontologies map for construction possible. Progress with standards, as mentioned in a specific chapter about status of group CEN442 WG4, is essential to get a good level of interoperability, but it faces complex technical challenges. And the most sophisticated and perfect implementation sometimes means a non-practical approach, and too rigid to be used by the industry.
Physical Conditions in the X-ray Emission-line Gas in NGC 1068
Creators: name: Kraemer, S. B.
name: Sharma, N.
name: Turner, T. J.
name: George, Ian M.
name: Crenshaw, D. Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed, photoionization modeling analysis of XMM-Newton/Reflection Grating Spectrometer observations of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 1068. The spectrum, previously analyzed by Kinkhabwala et al. (2002), reveals a myriad of soft-Xray emission lines, including those from H- and He-like carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and neon, and M- and L-shell iron. As noted in the earlier analysis, based on the narrowness of the radiative recombination continua, the electron temperatures in the emission-line gas are consistent with photoionization, rather than collisional ionization. The strengths of the carbon and nitrogen emission lines, relative to those of oxygen, suggest unusual elemental abundances, which we attribute to star-formation history of the host galaxy. Overall, the emission-lines are blue-shifted with respect to systemic, with radial velocities ~ 160 km/s, similar to that of [O III] 5007, and thus consistent with the kinematics and orientation of the optical emission-line gas and, hence, likely part of an AGN-driven outflow. We were able to achieve an acceptable fit to most of the strong emission-lines with a two-component photoionization model, generated with Cloudy. The two components have ionization parameters and column densities of logU = -0.05 and 1.22, and logN(H) = 20.85 and 21.2, and covering factors of 0.35 and 0.84, respectively. The total mass of the X-ray gas is roughly of an order of magnitude greater than the mass of ionized gas determined from optical and near-IR spectroscopy, which indicates that it may be the dominant component of the narrow line region. Furthermore, we suggest that the medium which produces the scattered/polarized optical emission in NGC~1068 possesses similar physical characteristics to those of the more highly-ionized of the X-ray model components.
description: 32 pages, 7 Figures. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Placental Malaria and Mother-to-Child Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: There are few studies of the association between placental malaria (PM) and mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), and the results of published studies are inconsistent. To determine the association between PM and MTCT of HIV-1, we performed a secondary analysis of data from a clinical trial of antibiotics to reduce chorioamnionitis. Data regarding 1,662 HIV-1–infected women with live born singleton and first-born twin infants with information regarding PM and infant HIV-1 infection status at birth were analyzed. At the time of the study, women did not have access to antiretroviral drugs for treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome but had received nevirapine prophylaxis to reduce the risk of MTCT of HIV-1. Placental malaria was not associated with the infant HIV-1 infection status at birth ( P = 0.67). Adjustment for maternal plasma viral load and CD4+ cell count did not change these results (odds ratio = 1.06, 95% confidence interval = 0.51–2.20, P = 0.87). Placental malaria was more likely to be related to HIV-1 infection at birth among women with low viral load at baseline (P for interaction = 0.08). In conclusion, PM was not associated with infant HIV-1 infection status at birth. The interaction of maternal plasma viral load, PM, and MTCT of HIV-1 warrants further studies.
Exclusion Processes with Avalanches
Creators: name: Bhat, Uttam
name: Krapivsky, P. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In an exclusion process with avalanches, when a particle hops to a neighboring empty site which is adjacent to an island the particle on the other end of the island immediately hops and if it joins another island this triggers another hop. There are no restrictions on the length of islands and the duration of the avalanche. This process is well-defined in the low-density region, ρ<1/2. We describe the nature of steady states (on a ring) and determine all correlation functions. For the asymmetric version of the process, we compute the steady state current, and we describe shock and rarefaction waves which arise in the evolution of the step-function initial profile. For the symmetric version, we determine the diffusion coefficient and examine the evolution of a tagged particle.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures; v2: minor clarifications, references added
Short Report: Novel dhps and pfcrt Polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum Detected by Heteroduplex Tracking Assay
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been linked to antimalarial drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum . However, standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods to detect these polymorphisms are unable to detect SNPs in variants representing < 20% of the parasites in a mixed infection, nor can they detect polymorphisms at nearby loci. Here we use heteroduplex tracking assays (HTAs) to analyze dhps540 mutations in 96 samples from Peru and pfcrt76 mutations in 70 samples from China. All samples had been previously analyzed by standard PCR. We detected drug-resistant minority variants and two novel non-synonymous pfcrt mutations in China. In Peru, we found no drug-resistant minority variants and a synonymous mutation in dhps. Thus, even in regions of low malaria transmission, HTA assays are more informative than PCR with agarose gel electrophoresis.
Robot Operating System 2: Design, Architecture, and Uses In The Wild
Creators: name: Macenski, Steve
name: Foote, Tully
name: Gerkey, Brian
name: Lalancette, Chris
name: Woodall, William
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The next chapter of the robotics revolution is well underway with the deployment of robots for a broad range of commercial use-cases. Even in a myriad of applications and environments, there exists a common vocabulary of components that robots share - the need for a modular, scalable, and reliable architecture; sensing; planning; mobility; and autonomy. The Robot Operating System (ROS) was an integral part of the last chapter, demonstrably expediting robotics research with freely-available components and a modular framework. However, ROS 1 was not designed with many necessary production-grade features and algorithms. ROS 2 and its related projects have been redesigned from the ground up to meet the challenges set forth by modern robotic systems in new and exploratory domains at all scales. In this review, we highlight the philosophical and architectural changes of ROS 2 powering this new chapter in the robotics revolution. We also show through case studies the influence ROS 2 and its adoption has had on accelerating real robot systems to reliable deployment in an assortment of challenging environments.
description: This manuscript has been accepted for publication in Science Robotics. This version has not undergone final editing. Please refer to the complete version of record at https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scirobotics.abm6074. The manuscript may not be reproduced or used in any manner that does not fall within the fair use provisions of the Copyright Act without the prior, written permission of AAAS
Absorption of crystalline water ice in the far infrared at different temperatures
Creators: name: Reinert, Caroline
name: Mutschke, Harald
name: Krivov, Alexander
name: Löhne, Torsten
name: Mohr, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The optical properties of ice in the far infrared are important for models of protoplanetary and debris disks. In this report we derive a new set of data for the absorption (represented by the imaginary part of the refractive index $κ$) of crystalline water ice in this spectral range, including a detailed inspection of the temperature dependence, which had not been done in such detail before. We measured the transmission of three ice layers with different thicknesses at temperatures $\vartheta = 10...250$K and present data at wavelengths $λ=80...625$ microns. We found a change in the spectral dependence of $κ$ at a wavelength of $175 \pm 6$ microns. At shorter wavelengths, $κ$ exhibits a constant flat slope and no significant temperature dependence. Long-ward of that wavelength, the slope gets steeper and has a clear, approximately linear temperature dependence. This change in the behaviour is probably caused by a characteristic absorption band of water ice. The measured data were fitted by a power-law model that analytically describes the absorption behaviour at an arbitrary temperature. This model can readily be applied to any object of interest, for instance a protoplanetary or a debris disk. To illustrate how the model works, we simulated the spectral energy distribution (SED) of the resolved, large debris disk around the nearby solar-type star HD 207129. Replacing our ice model by another, commonly used data set for water ice results in a different SED slope at longer wavelengths. This leads to changes in the characteristic model parameters of the disk, such as the inferred particle size distribution, and affects the interpretation of the underlying collisional physics of the disk.
description: accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
An Insight into the Sialotranscriptome of Simulium nigrimanum, a Black Fly Associated with Fogo Selvagem in South America
Creators: name: Diaz, Luis A.
name: Pham, Van M.
name: Eaton, Donald P.
name: Rivitti, Evandro A.
name: Valenzuela, Jesus G.
name: Favreau, Amanda J.
name: Aoki, Valeria
name: Ribeiro, José M. C.
name: Kleeman, Lindsay
name: Hans-Filho, Gunter
name: Barbian, Kent D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Pemphigus foliaceus is a life threatening skin disease that is associated with autoimmunity to desmoglein, a skin protein involved in the adhesion of keratinocytes. This disease is endemic in certain areas of South America, suggesting the mediation of environmental factors triggering autoimmunity. Among the possible environmental factors, exposure to bites of black flies, in particular Simulium nigrimanum has been suggested. In this work, we describe the sialotranscriptome of adult female S. nigrimanum flies. It reveals the complexity of the salivary potion of this insect, comprised by over 70 distinct genes within over 30 protein families, including several novel families, even when compared with the previously described sialotranscriptome of the autogenous black fly, S. vittatum. The uncovering of this sialotranscriptome provides a platform for testing pemphigus patient sera against recombinant salivary proteins from S. nigrimanum and for the discovery of novel pharmacologically active compounds.
Classification of local ultraluminous infrared galaxies and quasars with kernel principal component analysis
Creators: name: Papaefthymiou, Evangelos S.
name: Michos, Ioannis
name: Pavlou, Orestis
name: Lesta, Vicky Papadopoulou
name: Efstathiou, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new diagnostic diagram for local ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) and quasars, analysing particularly the Spitzer Space Telescope's Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) spectra of 102 local ULIRGs and 37 Palomar Green quasars. Our diagram is based on a special non-linear mapping of these data, employing the Kernel Principal Component Analysis method. The novelty of this map lies in the fact that it distributes the galaxies under study on the surface of a well-defined ellipsoid, which, in turn, links basic concepts from geometry to physical properties of the galaxies. Particularly, we have found that the equatorial direction of the ellipsoid corresponds to the evolution of the power source of ULIRGs, starting from the pre-merger phase, moving through the starburst-dominated coalescing stage towards the active galactic nucleus (AGN)-dominated phase, and finally terminating with the post-merger quasar phase. On the other hand, the meridian directions distinguish deeply obscured power sources of the galaxies from unobscured ones. These observations have also been verified by comparison with simulated ULIRGs and quasars using radiative transfer models. The diagram correctly identifies unique galaxies with extreme features that lie distinctly away from the main distribution of the galaxies. Furthermore, special two-dimensional projections of the ellipsoid recover almost monotonic variations of the two main physical properties of the galaxies, the silicate and PAH features. This suggests that our diagram naturally extends the well-known Spoon diagram and it can serve as a diagnostic tool for existing and future infrared spectroscopic data, such as those provided by the James Webb Space Telescope.
description: Published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Wie entsteht "Stellenwert"? Eine Analyse zur Charakterisierung von Schlüsselstellen in der Literatur
Creators: name: Schneider, Sophie
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Schlüsselstellen
subject: Computational Literary Studies
subject: Scalable Reading
subject: Quantitative Literaturwissenschaft
subject: Digital Humanities
subject: 020 Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaften

description: Gegenstand dieser Arbeit ist die Charakterisierung von Schlüsselstellen ausgewählter literarischer Werke auf der Grundlage computergestützter literatur- und sprachwissenschaftlicher Methoden. Im Zentrum der Untersuchungen steht die Frage, inwiefern sich der Begriff der Schlüsselstelle über stilistische oder sprachliche Merkmale definieren lässt. Der Begriff wird in einen fachwissenschaftlichen Kontext eingeordnet, wobei der Fokus auf den Disziplinen Literaturwissenschaft sowie Computational Literary Studies liegt. Unter Zuhilfenahme quantifizierender Verfahren werden die zitierten und nicht zitieren Stellen zweier literarischer Werke hinsichtlich ausgewählter textueller Merkmale eingehender analysiert. Ergebnisse zur Länge und Verteilung von Stellen im Text, deren Sentiment und den darin enthaltenen Wortarten werden vorgestellt sowie methodenkritisch interpretiert. Des Weiteren wird ein erster Ansatz zur Visualisierung der Ergebnisse präsentiert. Der zugehörige Prototyp soll zur Reflexion über die Relation einzelner Textstellen zum gesamten Text anregen. In der Arbeit werden diverse Abzweigungen offengelegt, deren konsekutive Verfolgung umfangreiches Forschungspotenzial verspricht.
First order dynamical phase transitions
Creators: name: Canovi, Elena
name: Werner, Philipp
name: Eckstein, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, dynamical phase transitions have been identified based on the non-analytic behavior of the Loschmidt echo in the thermodynamic limit [Heyl et al., Phys.~Rev.~Lett.~{\bf 110}, 135704 (2013)]. By introducing conditional probability amplitudes, we show how dynamical phase transitions can be further classified, both mathematically, and potentially in experiment. This leads to the definition of first-order dynamical phase transitions. Furthermore, we develop a generalized Keldysh formalism which allows to use nonequilibrium dynamical mean-field theory to study the Loschmidt echo and dynamical phase transitions in high-dimensional, non-integrable models. We find dynamical phase transitions of first order in the Falicov-Kimball model and in the Hubbard model.
description: Published version, supplemental material included as appendix, 4 figures
AIDS Diarrhea and Antiretroviral Drug Concentrations: A Matched-Pair Cohort Study in Port au Prince, Haiti
Creators: name: Beauharnais, Carole-Anne
name: Pape, Jean
name: Eyma, Etna
name: Leger, Paul
name: Dillingham, Rebecca
name: Jennings, Steven
name: Miller, Erica
name: Guerrant, Richard
name: Dupnik, Kathryn
name: Kashuba, Angela
name: Samie, Amidou
name: Fitzgerald, Daniel
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Diarrhea in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) may cause malabsorption of medications and failure of antiretroviral therapy (ART). We prospectively evaluated human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)-infected patients with and without chronic diarrhea initiating ART in Haiti. We report mean plasma antiretroviral concentrations at 2 and 4 weeks. We measured plasma HIV-1 RNA levels at four points. Fifty-two HIV-1-infected patients (26 matched pairs) were enrolled. No differences in antiretroviral concentrations were detected. At week 24, 18/25 (72%) cases and 16/24 (68%) controls had undetectable plasma HIV-1 RNA levels (P = 0.69). Patients with plasma HIV-1 RNA levels > 50 copies/mL at week 24 had lower early efavirenz concentrations than patients with undetectable HIV-1 RNA (2,621 ng/mL versus 5,278 ng/mL; P = 0.02). Diarrhea at ART initiation does not influence plasma concentrations of the medications evaluated. Virologic outcome at Week 24 does correlate with efavirenz concentrations early in therapy but not with the presence of chronic diarrhea.
Bisymmetric normal modes in soft-centred and realistic galactic discs
Creators: name: Polyachenko, Evgeny
name: Just, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We test methods for the determination of unstable modes in stellar discs: a point collocation scheme in the action sub-space, a scheme based on expansion of the density and potential on the biorthonormal basis, and a finite element method. Using models of galaxies with low and high mass concentration to the center, the existence of two different kinds of spectra of unstable modes is demonstrated. Characteristic features of methods and obtained spectra are discussed. Despite ignoring any constraint on the continuity or differentiability of the perturbed DF, the collocation scheme is reliable for obtaining spectra and patterns in both kinds of models. The method based on the expansion of the perturbed potential and surface density over a biorthogonal basis was not applicable to a model with high mass concentration. The finite element method successfully used in various fields of science and engineering is currently sensitive to the presence of resonant orbits due to the choice of interpolation functions for the distribution function.
description: Accepted to publication in MNRAS, 11 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables
An Assessment of Continued Use and Health Impact of the Concrete Biosand Filter in Bonao, Dominican Republic
Creators: name: Aiken, Benjamin A.
name: Ortiz, Gloria M.
name: Sobsey, Mark D.
name: Stauber, Christine E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: The biosand filter (BSF) is a promising point of use (POU) technology for water treatment; however there has been little follow-up of initial implementation to assess sustainability. The purpose of this study was to examine continued use, performance, and sustainability of previously implemented concrete BSFs in Bonao, Dominican Republic. Of 328 households visited and interviewed, 90% of BSFs were still in use after approximately 1 year since installation. Water-quality improvement, measured by fecal indicator bacteria reduction, was found to be 84–88%, which is lower than reductions in controlled laboratory studies but similar to other field assessments. In a short prospective cohort study comparing BSF to non-BSF households, odds of reported diarrheal disease in BSF households were 0.39 times the odds of reported diarrheal disease in non-BSF households. These results document high levels of sustained and effective concrete BSF use and associated improvements in water quality and health.
Autonomic Dysfunction and Risk Factors Associated with Trypanosoma cruzi Infection among Children in Arequipa, Peru
Creators: name: Seitz, Amy E.
name: Steurer, Francis
name: Kawai, Vivian
name: Cabrera, Lilia
name: Bern, Caryn
name: Levy, Michael Z.
name: Galdos-Cardenas, Gerson
name: Maguire, James H.
name: Rosenthal, Lauren
name: Cornejo del Carpio, Juan Geny
name: Delgado, Freddy
name: Bocangel, Cesar
name: Bowman, Natalie M.
name: Pinedo-Cancino, Vivian V.
name: Gilman, Robert H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Chagas disease affects an estimated 8 million people in Latin America. Infected individuals have 20–30% lifetime risk of developing cardiomyopathy, but more subtle changes in autonomic responses may be more frequent. We conducted a matched case-control study of children in Arequipa, Peru, where triatomine infestation and Trypanosoma cruzi infection are emerging problems. We collected data on home environment, history, physical examination, electrocardiogram, and autonomic testing. Signs of triatomine infestation and/or animals sleeping in the child's room and household members with Chagas disease were associated with increased infection risk. Electrocardiogram findings did not differ between cases and controls. However, compared with control children, infected children had blunted autonomic responses by three different measures, the Valsalva maneuver, the cold pressor test, and the orthostatic test. T. cruzi-infected children show autonomic dysfunction, although the prognostic value of this finding is not clear. Sustained vector control programs are essential to decreasing future T. cruzi infections.
Towards the Standard Model in F-theory
Creators: name: Lin, Ling
name: Weigand, Timo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article explores possible embeddings of the Standard Model gauge group and its matter representations into F-theory. To this end we construct elliptic fibrations with gauge group SU(3)xSU(2)xU(1)xU(1) as suitable restrictions of a ${\rm Bl}_2{\mathbb P}^2$-fibration with rank-two Mordell-Weil group. We analyse the five inequivalent toric enhancements to gauge group SU(3)xSU(2) along two independent divisors W_3 and W_2 in the base. For each of the resulting smooth fibrations, the representation spectrum generically consists of a bifundamental (3,2), three types of (1,2) representations and five types of (3,1) representations (plus conjugates), in addition to charged singlet states. The precise spectrum of zero-modes in these representations depends on the 3-form background. We analyse the geometrically realised Yukawa couplings among all these states and find complete agreement with field theoretic expectations based on their U(1) charges. We classify possible identifications of the found representations with the Standard Model field content extended by right-handed neutrinos and extra singlets. The linear combination of the two abelian gauge group factors orthogonal to hypercharge acts as a selection rule which, depending on the specific model, can forbid dangerous dimension-four and -five proton decay operators.
description: v2,3: typos corrected, references added, minor corrections, Appendix A on symmetries of tops included
Emergent Cosmology, Inflation and Dark Energy
Creators: name: Guendelman, Eduardo
name: Herrera, Ramón
name: Labraña, Pedro
name: Nissimov, Emil
name: Pacheva, Svetlana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new class of gravity-matter models defined in terms of two independent non-Riemannian volume forms (alternative generally covariant integration measure densities) on the space-time manifold are studied in some detail. These models involve an additional $R^2$ (square of the scalar curvature) term as well as scalar matter field potentials of appropriate form so that the pertinent action is invariant under global Weyl-scale symmetry. Scale invariance is spontaneously broken upon integration of the equations of motion for the auxiliary volume-form degrees of freedom. After performing transition to the physical Einstein frame we obtain: (i) An effective potential for the scalar field with two flat regions which allows for a unified description of both early universe inflation as well as of present dark energy epoch; (ii) For a definite parameter range the model possesses a non-singular "emergent universe" solution which describes an initial phase of evolution that precedes the inflationary phase; (iii) For a reasonable choice of the parameters the present model conforms to the Planck Collaboration data.
description: v.1 14 pages, 2 figures; v.2 references and acknowledgements added; v.3 very significant upgrade - 24 pages, change of list of authors, two new sections, extended abstract, introduction and conclusions, additional citations and acknowledgements; v.4 title shortened, further improvements, version to appear in "General Relativity and Gravitation"
Expected $H\toμ^{+}μ^{-}$ measurement precision with $e^{+}e^{-}\to Z(q\bar{q})H$ production at the CEPC
Creators: name: Liu, Qi
name: Ran, Kunlin
name: Huang, Yanping
name: Li, Gang
name: Ruan, Manqi
name: Jin, Shan
name: Sun, Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search for the dimuon decay of the Standard Model Higgs boson is performed using the Monte Carlo simulated events to mimic data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.6 ab$^{-1}$ collected with the Circular Electron-Positron Collider detector in $e^{+}e^{-}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=240$ GeV. The paper studies $e^{+}e^{-}\to ZH,\,Z\to q\bar{q},\,H\toμ^{+}μ^{-}$ process, and the expected significance considering only the data statistical uncertainty over the background-only hypothesis for a Higgs boson with a mass of 125 GeV is found to be 6.1$σ$, corresponding to the precision of 19%. The systematic impacts from the background Monte Carlo statistical fluctuations are estimated to be negligible. The dependence of the measurement accuracy on the muon momentum resolution of the CEPC detector has been investigated. It is found that the muon momentum resolution has to be better than 204 MeV to discover the $H\toμμ$ process at the nominal integrated luminosity. And if the resolution is 100% worse than the designed parameter, the integrated luminosity is needed to be greater than 7.2 ab$^{-1}$ to reach 5$σ$ significance.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Chinese Physics C
Rudolf Maria Holzapfel zum Gedächtnis (1874-1930)
Creators: name: Debrunner, Hugo
name: Astrov, Vladimir
name: Zbinden, Hans W.
Publisher: name: Schwabe
Year: 1930
Subjects: subject: 920 Biografien, Genealogie, Insignien
subject: Nachruf
subject: Holzapfel, Rudolf Maria
subject: Krakau
subject: Bern

description: Enthält: Ansprachen gehalten an der Gedenkfeier von Hugo Debrunner, Waldimir Astrow, Hans Zbinden, u.a.
Climate Variability and the Outbreaks of Cholera in Zanzibar, East Africa: A Time Series Analysis
Creators: name: Reyburn, Rita
name: von Seidlein, Lorenz
name: Kim, Deok Ryun
name: Ali, Mohammad
name: Emch, Michael
name: Khatib, Ahmed
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Global cholera incidence is increasing, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. We examined the impact of climate and ocean environmental variability on cholera outbreaks, and developed a forecasting model for outbreaks in Zanzibar. Routine cholera surveillance reports between 1997 and 2006 were correlated with remotely and locally sensed environmental data. A seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model determined the impact of climate and environmental variability on cholera. The SARIMA model shows temporal clustering of cholera. A 1°C increase in temperature at 4 months lag resulted in a 2-fold increase of cholera cases, and an increase of 200 mm of rainfall at 2 months lag resulted in a 1.6-fold increase of cholera cases. Temperature and rainfall interaction yielded a significantly positive association (P < 0.04) with cholera at a 1-month lag. These results may be applied to forecast cholera outbreaks, and guide public health resources in controlling cholera in Zanzibar.
Epidemiology of Hookworm Infection in Kintampo North Municipality, Ghana: Patterns of Malaria Coinfection, Anemia, and Albendazole Treatment Failure
Creators: name: Humphries, Debbie
name: Bungiro, Richard D.
name: Twum, Welbeck Amoani
name: Woo, Lauren
name: Jones-Sanpei, Hinckley
name: Bimi, Langbong
name: Otchere, Joseph
name: Harrison, Lisa M.
name: Wilson, Michael
name: Edoh, Dominic
name: Cappello, Michael
name: Benham-Pyle, Blair
name: Mosites, Emily
name: Bosompem, Kwabena
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: A cross-sectional pilot study of hookworm infection was carried out among 292 subjects from 62 households in Kintampo North, Ghana. The overall prevalence of hookworm infection was 45%, peaking in those 11–20 years old (58.5%). In children, risk factors for hookworm infection included coinfection with malaria and increased serum immunoglobulin G reactivity to hookworm secretory antigens. Risk factors for infection in adults included poor nutritional status, not using a latrine, not wearing shoes, and occupation (farming). Although albendazole therapy was associated with an overall egg reduction rate of 82%, 37 subjects (39%) remained infected. Among those who failed therapy, treatment was not associated with a significant reduction in egg excretion, and nearly one-third had higher counts on repeat examination. These data confirm a high prevalence of low-intensity hookworm infection in central Ghana and its association with poor nutritional status. The high rate of albendazole failure raises concern about emerging resistance.
Two-laser dynamic nuclear polarization with semiconductor electrons: feedback, suppressed fluctuations, and bistability near two-photon resonance
Creators: name: Onur, Alexander R.
name: van der Wal, Caspar H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present how optical coherent population trapping (CPT) of the spin of localized semiconductor electrons stabilizes the surrounding nuclear spin bath via the hyperfine interaction, resulting in a state which is more ordered than the thermal equilibrium state. We find distinct control regimes for different signs of laser detuning and examine the transition from an unpolarized, narrowed state to a polarized state possessing a bistability. The narrowing of the state yields slower electron spin dephasing and self-improving CPT. Our analysis is relevant for a variety of solid state systems where hyperfine-induced dephasing is a limitation for using electron spin coherence.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures. Includes minor corrections and improved figures 2-4
A Uniform Sampling Procedure for Abstract Triangulations of Surfaces
Creators: name: Shankar, Rajan
name: Spreer, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 57Q15, 57N05, 20B30, 05C15, 05C80

description: We present a procedure to sample uniformly from the set of combinatorial isomorphism types of balanced triangulations of surfaces - also known as graph-encoded surfaces. For a given number $n$, the sample is a weighted set of graph-encoded surfaces with $2n$ triangles. The sampling procedure relies on connections between graph-encoded surfaces and permutations, and basic properties of the symmetric group. We implement our method and present a number of experimental findings based on the analysis of $138$ million runs of our sampling procedure, producing graph-encoded surfaces with up to $280$ triangles. Namely, we determine that, for $n$ fixed, the empirical mean genus $\bar{g}(n)$ of our sample is very close to $\bar{g}(n) = \frac{n-1}{2} - (16.98n -110.61)^{1/4}$. Moreover, we present experimental evidence that the associated genus distribution more and more concentrates on a vanishing portion of all possible genera as $n$ tends to infinity. Finally, we observe from our data that the mean number of non-trivial symmetries of a uniformly chosen graph encoding of a surface decays to zero at a rate super-exponential in $n$.
description: 12 pages, 17 figures
Towards one-loop SYM amplitudes from the pure spinor BRST cohomology
Creators: name: Mafra, Carlos R.
name: Schlotterer, Oliver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we outline a method to compute supersymmetric one-loop integrands in ten-dimensional SYM theory. It relies on the constructive interplay between their cubic-graph organization and BRST invariance of the underlying pure spinor superstring description. The five- and six-point amplitudes are presented in a manifestly local form where the kinematic dependence is furnished by BRST-covariant expressions in pure spinor superspace. At five points, the local kinematic numerators are shown to satisfy the BCJ duality between color and kinematics leading to supergravity amplitudes as a byproduct. At six points, the sources of the hexagon anomaly are identified in superspace as systematic obstructions to BRST invariance. Our results are expected to reproduce any integrated SYM amplitude in dimensions $D< 8$.
description: 47 pages, harvmac tex, v2: typos corrected and minor fixes, final version to appear in Fortschritte der Physik
title: DEMOCRATIZING THE ECONOMY OR INTRODUCING ECONOMIC RISK? GIG WORK DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Creators: name: Auguste, Daniel
name: Roll, Stephen
name: Despard, Mathieu
Publisher: name: Washington University in St. Louis
Year: 2022

description: Though the growth of the gig economy has coincided with increased economic precarity in the new economy, we know less about the extent to which gig work (compared with other self-employment arrangements and non-gig work) may fuel economic insecurity among American households. We fill this gap in the literature drawing on a sample of 4,756 workers from a unique national survey capturing economic hardships among non-standard workers like app-and platform-based gig and other self-employed workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results from generalized boosted regression modeling, utilizing machine learning to account for potential endogeneity, demonstrated that gig workers experienced significantly greater economic hardship than non-gig and other self-employed workers during the pandemic. For example, gig workers were more likely to experience food insecurity, eviction, and skipped-medical treatment compared with non-gig and other self-employed workers during the pandemic. While household liquid assets endowment prior to the pandemic reduced the effect of gig work on experiencing economic hardships, having dependent children in the household increased this effect. Thus, contrary to democratizing entrepreneurship opportunities, these findings suggest that the expansion of the gig economy may exacerbate labor market inequality, with wealth-endowed families being protected against adverse economic consequences of the gig economy. We discuss the implications of these findings for inequality reducing labor market policies, including policies that account for the interconnectedness of family and the labor market.
Generalised quadrangles and transitive pseudo-hyperovals
Creators: name: Bamberg, John
name: Glasby, Stephen P.
name: Popiel, Tomasz
name: Praeger, Cheryl E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A pseudo-hyperoval of a projective space $\PG(3n-1,q)$, $q$ even, is a set of $q^n+2$ subspaces of dimension $n-1$ such that any three span the whole space. We prove that a pseudo-hyperoval with an irreducible transitive stabiliser is elementary. We then deduce from this result a classification of the thick generalised quadrangles $\mathcal{Q}$ that admit a point-primitive, line-transitive automorphism group with a point-regular abelian normal subgroup. Specifically, we show that $\mathcal{Q}$ is flag-transitive and isomorphic to $T_2^*(\mathcal{H})$, where $\mathcal{H}$ is either the regular hyperoval of $\PG(2,4)$ or the Lunelli--Sce hyperoval of $\PG(2,16)$.
Coexistence of superconductivity and density wave in $\mathrm{Ba_2Ti_2Fe_2As_4O}$: an optical spectroscopy study
Creators: name: Wang, H. P.
name: Sun, Y. L.
name: Wang, X. B.
name: Huang, Y.
name: Dong, T.
name: Chen, R. Y.
name: Cao, G. H.
name: Wang, N. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We performed an optical spectroscopy measurement on single crystals of $\mathrm{Ba_2Ti_2Fe_2As_4O}$, which is a newly discovered superconductor showing a coexistence of superconductivity and density wave order. The study reveals a spectral change related to the formation density wave energy gap below $T_{DW}\approx$125 K, leading to the removal of about half of the multiple Fermi surface sheets. The ratio of 2$Δ_{DW}$/$k_B T_{DW}\approx$ 11.9 is considerably larger than the mean-field value based on the weak-coupling BCS theory. At the lowest temperature in the superconducting state, we observed opening of superconducting energy gaps $Δ_1(0) =3.4$ meV and $Δ_2(0)=7.9$ meV. The properties of superconducting state in $\mathrm{Ba_2Ti_2Fe_2As_4O}$ are similar to that in $\mathrm{BaFe_{1.85}Co_{0.15}As_2}$.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Self-organization on social media: endo-exo bursts and baseline fluctuations
Creators: name: Oka, Mizuki
name: Hashimoto, Yasuhiro
name: Ikegami, Takashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A salient dynamic property of social media is bursting behavior. In this paper, we study bursting behavior in terms of the temporal relation between a preceding baseline fluctuation and the successive burst response using a frequency time series of 3,000 keywords on Twitter. We found that there is a fluctuation threshold up to which the burst size increases as the fluctuation increases and that above the threshold, there appears a variety of burst sizes. We call this threshold the critical threshold. Investigating this threshold in relation to endogenous bursts and exogenous bursts based on peak ratio and burst size reveals that the bursts below this threshold are endogenously caused and above this threshold, exogenous bursts emerge. Analysis of the 3,000 keywords shows that all the nouns have both endogenous and exogenous origins of bursts and that each keyword has a critical threshold in the baseline fluctuation value to distinguish between the two. Having a threshold for an input value for activating the system implies that Twitter is an excitable medium. These findings are useful for characterizing how excitable a keyword is on Twitter and could be used, for example, to predict the response to particular information on social media.
description: Presented at WebAL-1: Workshop on Artificial Life and the Web 2014 (arXiv:1406.2507)
AgileAvatar: Stylized 3D Avatar Creation via Cascaded Domain Bridging
Creators: name: Sang, Shen
name: Zhi, Tiancheng
name: Song, Guoxian
name: Liu, Minghao
name: Lai, Chunpong
name: Liu, Jing
name: Wen, Xiang
name: Davis, James
name: Luo, Linjie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Stylized 3D avatars have become increasingly prominent in our modern life. Creating these avatars manually usually involves laborious selection and adjustment of continuous and discrete parameters and is time-consuming for average users. Self-supervised approaches to automatically create 3D avatars from user selfies promise high quality with little annotation cost but fall short in application to stylized avatars due to a large style domain gap. We propose a novel self-supervised learning framework to create high-quality stylized 3D avatars with a mix of continuous and discrete parameters. Our cascaded domain bridging framework first leverages a modified portrait stylization approach to translate input selfies into stylized avatar renderings as the targets for desired 3D avatars. Next, we find the best parameters of the avatars to match the stylized avatar renderings through a differentiable imitator we train to mimic the avatar graphics engine. To ensure we can effectively optimize the discrete parameters, we adopt a cascaded relaxation-and-search pipeline. We use a human preference study to evaluate how well our method preserves user identity compared to previous work as well as manual creation. Our results achieve much higher preference scores than previous work and close to those of manual creation. We also provide an ablation study to justify the design choices in our pipeline.
description: ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2022 Conference Proceedings
Universal Profiles of the Intracluster Medium from Suzaku X-Ray and Subaru Weak Lensing Obesrvations
Creators: name: Okabe, N.
name: Umetsu, K.
name: Tamura, T.
name: Fujita, Y.
name: Takizawa, M.
name: Zhang, Y. -Y.
name: Matsushita, K.
name: Hamana, T.
name: Fukazawa, Y.
name: Futamase, T.
name: Kawaharada, M.
name: Miyazaki, S.
name: Mochizuki, Y.
name: Nakazawa, K.
name: Ohashi, T.
name: Ota, N.
name: Sasaki, T.
name: Sato, K.
name: Tam, S. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We conduct a joint X-ray and weak-lensing study of four relaxed galaxy clusters (Hydra A, A478, A1689 and A1835) observed by both Suzaku and Subaru out to virial radii, with an aim to understand recently-discovered unexpected feature of the ICM in cluster outskirts. We show that the average hydrostatic-to-lensing total mass ratio for the four clusters decreases from \sim 70% to \sim 40% as the overdensity contrast decreases from 500 to the virial value.The average gas mass fraction from lensing total mass estimates increases with cluster radius and agrees with the cosmic mean baryon fraction within the virial radius, whereas the X-ray-based gas fraction considerably exceeds the cosmic values due to underestimation of the hydrostatic mass. We also develop a new advanced method for determining normalized cluster radial profiles for multiple X-ray observables by simultaneously taking into account both their radial dependence and multivariate scaling relations with weak-lensing masses. Although the four clusters span a range of halo mass, concentration, X-ray luminosity and redshift, we find that the gas entropy, pressure, temperature and density profiles are all remarkably self-similar when scaled with the lensing M_200 mass and r_200 radius.The entropy monotonically increases out to \sim 0.5r_200 following the accretion shock heating model K(r)\propto r^1.1, and flattens at \simgt 0.5r_200.The universality of the scaled entropy profiles indicates that the thermalization mechanism over the entire cluster region (>0.1r_200) is controlled by gravitation in a common to all clusters, although the heating efficiency in the outskirts needs to be modified from the standard law.The bivariate scaling functions of the gas density and temperature reveal that the flattening of the outskirts entropy profile is caused by the steepening of the temperature, rather than the flattening of the gas density.
description: accepted for publication in PASJ : 13 pages 6 figures and 4 tables