cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Tackling Household Food Insecurity: The Experience of Vietnam
Creators: name: Nhat, Trang Thi Huy
name: Nhat, Trang Thi Huy
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Food Security and Poverty

description: This paper is a systematic review of the facts and figures related to the issues of food security in Vietnam. Based on a comprehensive definition of food security as “access by all people at all times to enough, nutritionally adequate, and safe food for an active and health life” (Kennedy 2002), it describes and analyzes food security in connection with poverty or macro policies, in order to identify and understand thoroughly the problems related to food security. It shows that poor households are, per se, food-insecure, and that policies which target rapid economic growth using a socioeconomic approach help alleviate poverty and food insecurity. Its findings mainly confirm that household food security─specifically issues concerning food safety, availability, access, adequacy, and vulnerability ─ is still a vital concern in Vietnam.
A Taxonomy of Information Attributes for Test Case Prioritisation: Applicability, Machine Learning
Creators: name: Ramírez, Aurora
name: Feldt, Robert
name: Romero, José Raúl
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.2.5; I.2.6

description: Most software companies have extensive test suites and re-run parts of them continuously to ensure recent changes have no adverse effects. Since test suites are costly to execute, industry needs methods for test case prioritisation (TCP). Recently, TCP methods use machine learning (ML) to exploit the information known about the system under test (SUT) and its test cases. However, the value added by ML-based TCP methods should be critically assessed with respect to the cost of collecting the information. This paper analyses two decades of TCP research, and presents a taxonomy of 91 information attributes that have been used. The attributes are classified with respect to their information sources and the characteristics of their extraction process. Based on this taxonomy, TCP methods validated with industrial data and those applying ML are analysed in terms of information availability, attribute combination and definition of data features suitable for ML. Relying on a high number of information attributes, assuming easy access to SUT code and simplified testing environments are identified as factors that might hamper industrial applicability of ML-based TCP. The TePIA taxonomy provides a reference framework to unify terminology and evaluate alternatives considering the cost-benefit of the information attributes.
description: Accepted for publication in ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology. Additional material available from a GitHub repository: https://github.com/tepia-taxonomy/taxonomy-analysis
MOESM1 of 5-Aminolevulinic acid fermentation using engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Creators: name: Hara, Kiyotaka
name: Saito, Masaru
name: Kato, Hiroko
name: Morikawa, Kana
name: Kikukawa, Hiroshi
name: Nomura, Hironari
name: Fujimoto, Takanori
name: Hirono-Hara, Yoko
name: Watanabe, Shigeyuki
name: Kanamaru, Kengo
name: Kondo, Akihiko
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 1. Table S1. Effect of glycine addition on intracellular metabolites in HEM1-overexpressing S. cerevisiae. Figure S1. Relative mRNA levels in HEM1-, HEM1/ACO1- and HEM1/ACO2-overexpressing strains.
Religious Festivities and Marketing of Small Ruminants in Central Java – Indonesia
Creators: name: Budisatria, I Gede S.
name: Udo, Henk M.J.
name: Van Der Zijpp, Akke J.
name: Baliarti, Endang
name: Murti, Tridjoko W.
name: Budisatria, I Gede S.
name: Udo, Henk M.J.
name: Van Der Zijpp, Akke J.
name: Baliarti, Endang
name: Murti, Tridjoko W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Livestock Production/Industries

description: Indonesia is a country where small ruminants are important in religious festivities. This study analyzes small ruminant marketing opportunities on account of the Moslem feast of sacrifice, Idul Adha, in three agroecological zones in Central Java. Small ruminant marketing is classified into three categories, namely: 1) good ─ the market situation associated with the religious feast of Idul Adha; 2) risky ─usually occurring in August and September when farmers need cash to prepare the paddy fields and to pay school fees; and 3) normal ─ which is how the market situation may be described in the other parts of the year. A total of 150 farmers are visited monthly, over a period of one year, to observe their marketing strategies and the economic benefits gained from keeping small ruminants. Sheep fattening on the basis of rice bran supplementation is explored as a feasible innovation for the lowlands. Ten small ruminant markets are monitored two times corresponding to each of the three market situations. Added to this, 42 roadside sellers and 44 mosques are visited. The supply, demand, price, and weight of animals offered at the markets show a peak during Idul Adha. In the lowlands and middle zone, sheep are preferred over goats as sacrificial offerings during Idul Adha. In the uplands, goats dominate the farming system and the small ruminants’ markets. The Idul Adha market requires male ruminants of one year of age with a bodyweight of above 25 kilograms. The majority of the farmers are not able to adjust the raising of their small ruminants in time for Idul Adha, because of their small flock sizes and the fact that they have to sell their animals to meet urgent cash needs, in particular at the end of the dry season and the start of the school year. Farmers possess minimal marketing information and usually complain about the prices they receive for their merchandise. The raising of these animals is only a secondary activity on these mixed farms. Value added estimates from small ruminants per hour of family labor input are 33–38 percent below the minimum wage labor rate. The proposed innovation to introduce sheep fattening in the lowlands for Idul Adha proves to be economically viable; however, the number of sheep that households can fatten is limited.
Exploratory Study on Selected Philippine Agricultural Commodity Import Statistics vis-à-vis Export Statistics of the Exporting Countries
Creators: name: Cubinar, Gloria A.
name: De Guzman, Estela T.
name: Cubinar, Gloria A.
name: De Guzman, Estela T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: Using the import data compiled by the Philippines and comparing these with data as reported by the exporting countries, this study aims to determine the disparity of the statistics from the two sources on the quantity and value of selected agricultural commodities for the years 2000 to 2005. The products covered by this study consist of wholly or semi-milled rice, maize (corn), live poultry, domestic fowls, ducks, geese, frozen meat of bovine animals, apples, oranges, onions and shallots, and garlic. The differences in statistics on the bilateral transactions─in terms of FOB values, quantities, and derived unit prices─are examined by using percentage differences, the implicit minimal measurement error (IMME), and the Wilcoxon Matched-Pair Signed-Ranks (Wilcoxon-MPSR) test. Results show that considerable discrepancies between import and export statistics do exist. The discrepancy may reflect both legitimate conceptual differences between Philippine imports and exports statistics of the exporting countries, as well as errors in reporting. The discrepancy is further substantiated by the results of the Wilcoxon-MPSR test, which show that these differences are significant.
Quarkyonic phase from quenched dynamical holographic QCD model
Creators: name: Chen, Xun
name: Li, Danning
name: Hou, Defu
name: Huang, Mei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chiral and deconfinement phase transitions at finite temperature $T$ and quark number chemical potential $μ$ are simultaneously studied in the quenched dynamical holographic QCD model within the Einstein-Dilaton-Maxwell framework. By calculating the corresponding order parameters, i.e., the chiral condensate and Polyakov loop, it is shown that the transition lines of these two phase transitions are separated in the $T-μ$ plane. The deconfinement phase transition is shown to be always of crossover type and the transition line depends weakly on the baryon number density. Differently, the chiral transition is of crossover at small baryon number density and it turns to be of first order at sufficient large baryon number density. A critical endpoint (CEP), at which the transition becomes second order type, appears in the chiral transition line. This is the first time to realize the CEP of chiral phase transition in the $(T, μ)$ plane using the holographic EMD(Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton) model for two flavour case. It is observed that between these two phase transition lines, there is a region with chiral symmetry restored and color degrees still confined, which could be considered as the quarkyonic phase. Qualitatively, this behavior is in consistent with the result in the Polyakov-loop improved Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (PNJL) model.
description: 22 pages, 9 figures
Ascending Cadence Gestures, A New Historical Survey, Part 5b3: Ira D. Sankey, Sacred Songs and Solos
Creators: name: Neumeyer, David
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2024
Subjects: music theory
music history

description: This is the third supplement to an essay gathering compositions with ascending lines and cadence gestures in hymn collections published in the United States. The collection studied here is Ira D. Sankey, Sacred Songs and Solos, New Hymns and Solos, and The Christian Choir (London, 1903).
Generation and use of new tools for the characterisation of gut hormone receptors
Creators: name: Biggs, Emma Kate
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Enteroendocrine
Gut hormone receptors
GLP-1
GLP-2
GIP

description: Enteroendocrine hormones released from the intestine following food intake have several roles in the control of metabolism, some of which are exploited therapeutically for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Within this thesis, focus has been on the receptors of the gut hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2). In recent years there has been a surge of interest in the enteroendocrine hormones particularly due to the success of GLP-1 mimetics in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. GLP-1 is an incretin hormone, which enhances glucose induced insulin secretion by binding GLP-1 receptors (GLP1R) on pancreatic β-cells. Despite the therapeutic success, several extra-pancreatic clinical effects of GLP-1 remain unexplained. Here, a GLP1R monoclonal antagonistic antibody that can block GLP1R signalling in vivo has been developed and characterised, providing a new tool for the study of GLP1R physiology. GIP is the second incretin hormone, initially referred to as the ‘ugly duckling’ incretin hormone due to it’s ineffectiveness in inducing insulin secretion in type 2 diabetic patients. Aside from the incretin actions, GIP is thought to be involved in the regulation of high-fat diet (HFD) induced obesity. A new transgenic mouse model expressing a fluorescent reporter under the control of the Gipr promoter has been used here to identify GIPR expressing cells. This model showed GIPR expression in the pancreas, adipose tissue, duodenum and nodose ganglia. Surprisingly GIPR expressing cells were found centrally, in areas of the hypothalamus involved in the regulation of food intake and energy expenditure. We consequently sought to investigate the function of GIPR expressing hypothalamic cells. GLP-2, unlike GLP-1 and GIP, is not an incretin hormone. Rather, GLP-2 has been implicated in the regulation of epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis within the intestine. Therapeutically, an analogue of GLP-2 is used for the treatment of short bowel syndrome. A common missense mutation in the GLP-2 receptor (GLP2R), D470N, has been found to be associated with type 2 diabetes, and here we sought to understand the mechanism underlying this association. The D470N mutant has decreased β-arrestin recruitment, though the significance of this finding will need further research. Overall; the new monoclonal antagonistic GLP1R antibody will help to further understand GLP1R physiology, the new transgenic GIPR mouse model has contributed to the understanding of GIPR localisation, and cell based assays have identified functional implications of a polymorphism in the GLP2R associated with an increased risk of diabetes. It is hoped that further understanding of the physiology of these gut hormone receptors will be critical in the development of new therapeutics for diabetes and obesity.
description: MedImmune funded PhD
The Composition of Cosmic Rays at the Knee
Creators: name: Swordy, S. P.
name: Fortson, L. F.
name: Hinton, J.
name: Horandel, J.
name: Knapp, J.
name: Pryke, C. L.
name: Shibata, T.
name: Wakely, S. P.
name: Cao, Z.
name: Cherry, M. L.
name: Coutu, S.
name: Cronin, J.
name: Engel, R.
name: Fowler, J. W.
name: Kampert, K. - H.
name: Kettler, J.
name: Kieda, D. B.
name: Matthews, J.
name: Minnick, S. A.
name: Moiseev, A.
name: Muller, D.
name: Roth, M.
name: Sill, A.
name: Spiczak, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The observation of a small change in spectral slope, or 'knee' in the fluxes of cosmic rays near energies 10^15 eV has caused much speculation since its discovery over 40 years ago. The origin of this feature remains unknown. A small workshop to review some modern experimental measurements of this region was held at the Adler Planetarium in Chicago, USA in June 2000. This paper summarizes the results presented at this workshop and the discussion of their interpretation in the context of hadronic models of atmospheric airshowers.
description: 36 pages, 10 figures
Marketing public relations dan pemahaman kewirausahaan
Creators: name: Dhea Aristi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Marketing Public relation Kewirausahaan

description: Marketing public relations dan pemahaman kewirausahaan Dosen pengampu : Dr. H. Fachrurozi,. S.Ag. MM dan Yulida, MM Disusun oleh Dhea Aristi 11907082
Deterministic and stochastic control of kirigami topology
Creators: name: Chen, Siheng
name: Choi, Gary P. T.
name: Mahadevan, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Kirigami, the creative art of paper cutting, is a promising paradigm for mechanical metamaterials. However, to make kirigami-inspired structures a reality requires controlling the topology of kirigami to achieve connectivity and rigidity. We address this question by deriving the maximum number of cuts (minimum number of links) that still allow us to preserve global rigidity and connectivity of the kirigami. A deterministic hierarchical construction method yields an efficient topological way to control both the number of connected pieces and the total degrees of freedom. A statistical approach to the control of rigidity and connectivity in kirigami with random cuts complements the deterministic pathway, and shows that both the number of connected pieces and the degrees of freedom show percolation transitions as a function of the density of cuts (links). Together this provides a general framework for the control of rigidity and connectivity in planar kirigami.
Ab initio investigation of VOSeO3, a spin gap system with coupled spin dimers
Creators: name: Valenti, Roser
name: Saha-Dasgupta, T.
name: Mila, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by an early experimental study of VOSeO3, which suggested that it is a quasi-2D system of weakly coupled spin dimers with a small spin gap, we have investigated the electronic structure of this material via density-functional calculations. These ab initio results indicate that the system is better thought of as an alternating spin-1/2 chain with moderate interchain interactions, an analog of (VO)2P2O7. The potential interest of this system for studies in high magnetic field given the presumably small value of the spin gap is emphasized.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
The Cassa Integrazione Guadagni, unemployment welfare and industrial conflict in post-war Italy, 1941-1987
Creators: name: Serri, Niccolò
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Cassa integrazione guadagni
CIG
unemployment welfare
FIAT
Alfa Romeo
Corporatism
deindustrialisation

description: This PhD thesis tracks the history of the Italian unemployment welfare during the second half of the twentieth century, offering an account of why the Italian system of social security never established a universal safety net against unemployment, choosing instead a social policy system targeted on the core industrial workforce. During the post-war period, Italian unemployment insurance remained severely lacking compared to other European countries. To compensate, the country relied on the Cassa Integrazione Guadagni (CIG), a short time work scheme providing a wage replacement allowance to compensate employees in the industrial sector for a temporary reduction of their working time. Starting from the late 1960s, the scope and duration of the CIG were progressively expanded to tackle manpower redundancies, catering for the weakness of other forms of support. During the 1970s and the 1980s, short time emerged as the chief instrument to cushion the economic and social consequences of the industrial crisis of the country. This thesis explains the peculiar characteristics of the Italian unemployment welfare model as a consequence of the country’s pattern of labour conflict, showing how industrial relations and social policy influenced one another. In the early postwar decades, while the unions were organisationally weak, the CIG emerged as a less expensive alternative to general unemployment insurance. This engendered a path dependent effect. Following the rise of industrial unrest and the strengthening of organised labour in the early 1970s, unions and employers favoured the increasing use of the CIG so as to protect their respective interests for job security and manpower flexibility, at the expense of the weaker strata of the labour market. Far from being a simple instrument of income maintenance, the CIG played a key role in shaping social relations of production at the work-place level and was used to diffuse industrial conflict on the shop floor. With the onset of deindustrialisation, during the 1980s, the CIG became a powerful tool for the demobilisation of organised labour.
description: ESRC studentship 2015-2017 Ellen McArthur studentship 2015-2016 Faculty of History research fund 2015-2016
Colangia immersa
Creators: name: Reyes, Javier
name: Santodomingo, Nadiezhda
name: Cairns, Stephen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Anthozoa
Scleractinia
Caryophylliidae
Colangia
Colangia immersa

description: Colangia immersa (Pourtalès, 1871)
Figs. 4D–E
 Colangia immersa Pourtalès, 1871: 31–32.– Goreau & Wells, 1967: 448 (listed).— Porter, 1972: 112 (listed).— Wells & Lang, 1973: 57 (listed).— Cairns, 1979: 207 (listed); 1982: 290, fig. 128f. — Castañares & Soto, 1982: Table 1 (listed).— Hubbard & Wells, 1986: 129–130, figs. 13–16.—Humann, 1993: 168–171, 3 colour figs.— Fenner, 1993b: 12, 14 (listed).
 Rhizosmilia maculata Cortés, 1992: 243, fig. 1; 1996: 331. [Not Bathycyathus maculatus Pourtalès, 1874].
 Remarks: The unique Colombian specimen is a single dead corallite in worn condition, which exhibits many sipunculid erosion holes. The specimen was collected at the calcareous algae seabed off Manaure (La Guajira Peninsula).
 Distribution: Caribbean, Bahamas and Bermuda (Cairns 2000); from 0.5 to 347 m. In Colombia, it is only known from the northern coast off Manaure (La Guajira Peninsula) at 73 m depth.
 Material: INV CNI683, 1 specimen, E88.
description: Published as part of Reyes, Javier, Santodomingo, Nadiezhda & Cairns, Stephen, 2009, Caryophylliidae (Scleractinia) from the Colombian Caribbean, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 2262 (1) on pages 22-24, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2262.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5306371
Lophelia pertusa
Creators: name: Reyes, Javier
name: Santodomingo, Nadiezhda
name: Cairns, Stephen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Anthozoa
Scleractinia
Caryophylliidae
Lophelia
Lophelia pertusa

description: Lophelia pertusa (Linnaeus, 1758)
Fig. 4A
 Madrepora pertusa Linnaeus, 1758: 797.
 Madrepora prolifera Pallas, 1766: 307.
 Lophelia prolifera Cairns, 1979: 125–127, pl. 24, figs. 1–5, Map 34 (description and synonymy); 1981: 10.— Viada & Cairns, 1987: 132.— Zibrowius, 1988: 136 (listed).—Prahl & Erhardt, 1989: 547.— Cairns et al., 1991: 47 (listed).— Cairns et al., 1994: 4 (listed).
 Lophelia pertusa Zibrowius, 1980: 126–130, pl. 66, figs. A–L (description and synonymy).—Cairns, 1994: 27–28, pl. 9, figs. e–i.—Lattig, 2000: 131–132, fig. 71.— Kitahara, 2007: 502–503, fig. 4A–B.
 Remarks: L. pertusa is the principal azooxanthellate coral builder of deep-sea bioherms in the Atlantic, reaching the major development in the northeastern Atlantic off the Norwegian coast (Reed 2002). In Colombia, only fossil specimens have been collected off La Guajira, suggesting that L. pertusa may have built bioherms in the past, although it is also possible that living assemblages of Lophelia could occur at deeper surrounding areas. Further studies should be done in order to establish the actual status of their populations in Colombian waters. Our specimens present a thin and slender skeleton.
 Distribution: Worldwide distribution, from the equator to the sub-polar regions, more abundant in the North hemisphere; from 40 to 3000 m depth (e.g. Freiwald & Roberts 2005). In Colombia, L. pertusa is only known in the northeastern coast, off Honda Bay and off Carrizal Point, both located in the surrounding areas of the Rancheria Canyon; from 300 to 450 m depth.
 Material: USNM 46016, P-776; INV CNI 396, 5 colony fragments, E10; INV CNI 397, 3 colony fragments, E10; INV CNI 723, 1 colony fragment, E91.
description: Published as part of Reyes, Javier, Santodomingo, Nadiezhda & Cairns, Stephen, 2009, Caryophylliidae (Scleractinia) from the Colombian Caribbean, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 2262 (1) on pages 21-22, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2262.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5306371
Connecting Light Dirac Neutrinos to a Multi-component Dark Matter Scenario in Gauged $B-L$ Model
Creators: name: Nanda, Dibyendu
name: Borah, Debasish
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new gauged $B-L$ extension of the standard model where light neutrinos are of Dirac type, naturally acquiring sub-eV mass after electroweak symmetry breaking, without any additional global symmetries. This is realised by choosing a different $B-L$ charge for right handed neutrinos than the usual $-1$ so that the Dirac Yukawa coupling involves an additional neutrinophilic scalar doublet instead of the usual Higgs doublet. The model can be made anomaly free by considering four additional chiral fermions which give rise to two massive Dirac fermions by appropriate choice of singlet scalars. The choice of scalars not only helps in achieving the desired particle mass spectra via spontaneous symmetry breaking, but also leaves a remnant $Z_2 \times Z'_2$ symmetry to stabilise the two dark matter candidates. Apart from this interesting link between Dirac nature of light neutrinos and multi-component dark matter sector, we also find that the dark matter parameter space is constrained mostly by the cosmological upper limit on effective relativistic degrees of freedom $ΔN_{\rm eff}$ which gets enhanced in this model due to the thermalisation of the light right handed neutrinos by virtue of their sizeable $B-L$ gauge interactions.
description: 34 pages, 6 figures. matches version accepted for publication in Eur. Phys. J. C
Manju On'edo ezu
萬壽御江戸繪圖
Creators: name: Kikuya, Kōzaburō
Publisher: name: [Tokyo] : Ōhashidō
Year: 2016

description: Scale: Kanesashi 5-bu hyakken kurai. Mounted cover title. Wood block print. Newly engraved. Scale found on the back of the original sleeve. Area covered: East: 中川 Nakagawa, 葛飾 Katsushika; West: 板橋 Itabashi, 代々木 Yoyogi; South: 品川 Shinagawa; North: 王子 Ōji, 千住 Senju -- cf. sleeve. Oriented with north to the right. Shows Edo residences of daimyo with some crests. Shows main temples and shrines pictorially. Includes distance chart and legend.
Spin-pairing instabilities at the coincidence of two Landau levels
Creators: name: Mariani, E.
name: Magnoli, N.
name: Napoli, F.
name: Sassetti, M.
name: Kramer, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of interactions near the coincidence of two Landau levels with opposite spins at filling factor 1/2 is investigated. By mapping to Composite Fermions it is shown that the fluctuations of the gauge field induces an effective attractive Fermion interaction. This can lead to a spin-singlet ground state that is separated from the excited states by a gap. The magnitude of the gap is evaluated. The results are consistent with the recently observed half-polarized states in the FQHE at a fixed filling factor. It is suggested that similar anomalies exist for other spin configurations in degenerate spin-up and spin-down Landau levels. An experiment for testing the spin-singlet state is proposed.
description: to be published in Physical Review B
title: Shadow Banking and the Design of Macroprudential Policy in a Monetary Union
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Kirchner, Philipp
name: Schwanebeck, Benjamin
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: …nancial frictions
macroprudential policy
…nancial inte- gration
shadow banking
currency union
Economics
Wirtschaft

description: This paper studies the interaction of international shadow banking with monetary and macroprudential policy in a two-country currency union DSGE model. We find evidence that cross-country .financial integration through the shadow banking system is a source of .financial contagion in response to idiosyncratic real and .financial shocks due to harmonization of .financial spheres. The resulting high degree of business cycle synchronization across countries, especially for .financial variables, makes union-wide policy tools more effective. Nevertheless, optimal monetary policy at the union-level is too blunt an instrument to adequately stabilize business cycle downturns and needs to be accompanied by macroprudential regulation. Our welfare analysis reveals that the gains from the availability of country-specific prudential tools vanish with the degree of .financial integration as union-wide macroprudential regulation is able to effectively reduce losses among the union members.
What are the drivers of vaccine hesitancy toward childhood and adolescent vaccination in Malawi? A qualitative study
Creators: name: Gbadebo Collins Adeyanju
name: Head, Michael
name: Betsch, Cornelia
name: Téné-Alima Essoh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60502 Infectious Agents
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 110802 Medical Infection Agents (incl. Prions)

description: Malawi is a resource-poor setting, with significant successes in reducing child mortality with a series of vaccine. These positive gains are at risk of setbacks if vaccine hesitancy reduces uptake of immunisations. Already, a pattern of decline in second dose of vaccine uptake is emerging in the country, hence, imminent policy action.
Therefore, there is an urgent need for national and local policymakers to better understand the latest sentiment behind vaccine hesitancy in Malawi and ACT accordingly. This knowledge can support interventions appropriate to the local context. These findings may also have relevance for other countries in sub-Saharan Africa.
Our findings show that the key drivers of low uptake included issues around education, such as inadequate awareness of the vaccination schedule, and low levels of literacy among caregivers. There were other social factors, including a disconnect between the community healthcare system and community leaders. We also saw how hesitancy could be inspired by presence of rumours and conspiracy theories (against vaccination) and that these rumours could be exacerbated by religious beliefs.
Novel Cascaded Ultra Bright Pulsed Source of Polarization Entangled Photons
Creators: name: Bitton, G.
name: Grice, W. P.
name: Moreau, J.
name: Zhang, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new ultra bright pulsed source of polarization entangled photons has been realized using type-II phase matching in spontaneous parametric down conversion process in two cascaded crystals. The optical axes of the crystals are aligned in such a way that the extraordinarily (ordinarily) polarized cone from one crystal overlaps with the ordinarily (extraordinarily) polarized cone from the second crystal. This spatial overlapping removes the association between the polarization and the output angle of the photons that exist in a single type-II down conversion process. Hence, entanglement of photons originating from any point on the output cones is possible if a suitable optical delay line is used. This delay line is particularly simple and easy to implement.
description: 8 pages 8 figures
Linear Convergence of Adaptive Stochastic Gradient Descent
Creators: name: Xie, Yuege
name: Wu, Xiaoxia
name: Ward, Rachel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove that the norm version of the adaptive stochastic gradient method (AdaGrad-Norm) achieves a linear convergence rate for a subset of either strongly convex functions or non-convex functions that satisfy the Polyak Lojasiewicz (PL) inequality. The paper introduces the notion of Restricted Uniform Inequality of Gradients (RUIG)---which is a measure of the balanced-ness of the stochastic gradient norms---to depict the landscape of a function. RUIG plays a key role in proving the robustness of AdaGrad-Norm to its hyper-parameter tuning in the stochastic setting. On top of RUIG, we develop a two-stage framework to prove the linear convergence of AdaGrad-Norm without knowing the parameters of the objective functions. This framework can likely be extended to other adaptive stepsize algorithms. The numerical experiments validate the theory and suggest future directions for improvement.
MOESM2 of The neurogenomic transition from territory establishment to parenting in a territorial female songbird
Creators: name: Bentz, Alexandra
name: Rusch, Douglas
name: Buechlein, Aaron
name: Rosvall, Kimberly
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2: Figure S1. Correlation matrix between samples with (A) and without (B) the outlier female #85692. Heat maps display Spearman rank correlations between all pairwise comparisons for all tissues and breeding stages. Spearman correlations were calculated using the log2(normalized read counts) and the genes with the lowest 25% variance were removed.
Towards 6G Communications: Architecture, Challenges, and Future Directions
Creators: name: Mitra, Purbita
name: Bhattacharjee, Rouprita
name: Chatterjee, Twinkle
name: De, Soumalya
name: Karmakar, Raja
name: Ghosh, Arindam
name: Adhikari, Tinku
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The cellular network standard is gradually stepping towards the 6th Generation (6G). In 6G, the pioneering and exclusive features, such as creating connectivity even in space and under water, are attracting Governments, organizations and researchers to spend time, money, effort extensively in this area. In the direction of intelligent network management and distributed secured systems, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and blockchain are going to form the backbone of 6G, respectively. However, there is a need for the study of the 6g architecture and technology, such that researchers can identify the scopes of improvement in 6G. Therefore, in this survey, we discuss the primary requirements of 6G along with its overall architecture and technological aspects. We also highlight crucial challenges and future research directions in 6G networks, which can lead to the successful practical implementation of 6G, as per the objective of its introduction in next generation cellular networks.
IRC+10216 in Action: Present Episode of Intense Mass-Loss Reconstructed by Two-Dimensional Radiative Transfer Modeling
Creators: name: Men'shchikov, Alexander B.
name: Hofmann, Karl-Heinz
name: Weigelt, Gerd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present two-dimensional (2D) radiative transfer modeling of IRC+10216 at selected moments of its evolution in 1995-2001, which correspond to three epochs of our series of 8 near-infrared speckle images (Osterbart et al. 2000, Weigelt et al. 2002). The high-resolution images obtained over the last 5.4 years revealed the dynamic evolution of the subarcsecond dusty environment of IRC+10216 and our recent time-independent 2D radiative transfer modeling reconstructed its physical properties at the single epoch of January 1997 (Men'shchikov et al. 2001). Having documented the complex changes in the innermost bipolar shell of the carbon star, we incorporate the evolutionary constraints into our new modeling to understand the physical reasons for the observed changes. The new calculations imply that during the last 50 years, we have been witnessing an episode of a steadily increasing mass loss from the central star, from Mdot ~ 10^-5 Msun/yr to the rate of Mdot ~ 3x10^-4 Msun/yr in 2001. The rapid increase of the mass loss of IRC+10216 and continuing time-dependent dust formation and destruction caused the observed displacement of the initially faint components C and D and of the bright cavity A from the star which has almost disappeared in our images in 2001. Increasing dust optical depths are causing strong backwarming that leads to higher temperatures in the dust formation zone, displacing the latter outward with a velocity v_T ~ 27 km/s due to the evaporation of the recently formed dust grains. This shift of the dust density peak in the bipolar shell mimics a rapid radial expansion, whereas the actual outflow has probably a lower speed v < v_inf ~ 15 km/s. The model predicts that the star will remain obscured until Mdot starts to drop back to lower values in the dust formation zone.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, accepted by Astronomy and Astrophysics, also available at http://www.mpifr-bonn.mpg.de/div/ir-interferometry/publications.html
Eusmilia fastigiata
Creators: name: Reyes, Javier
name: Santodomingo, Nadiezhda
name: Cairns, Stephen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Anthozoa
Scleractinia
Meandrinidae
Eusmilia
Eusmilia fastigiata

description: Eusmilia fastigiata (Pallas, 1766)
Fig. 3T
 Madrepora fastigiata Pallas, 1766: 301–302.— Ellis & Solander, 1786: 152.
 Caryophyllia fastigiata Lamouroux, 1821: 50.— Ehrenberg, 1834:316.— Lamarck, 1836: 355.
 Eusmilia fastigiata Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848: 264, pl.5 fig. 1; 1857: p. 187.— Pourtalès, 1871: 67.— Vaughan, 1919: 361.— Almy & Carrión-Torres, 1963: 160–161. pl. 21, fig. a.— Roos, 1971: 83, pl. 52, figs. a–b.— Smith, 1971: 95, pl. 48.—Wells, 1973: 47–48, figs. 34–35.— Weisbord, 1974: 446–451, pl. 52, fig. 5.— Zlatarski & Martínez, 1982: 253–258, pls. 107–108.— Cairns, 1982: 299, fig. 133e–f.— Prahl & Erhardt, 1985.— Humann, 1993: 162–163, colour figs.— Reyes et al., 2002: 64–66 (conservation).
 Remarks: E. fastigiata is a zooxanthellate coral species common in the Caribbean shallow coral reefs. The main habitats of the “smooth flower coral” are the back-reef and the reef-lagoon borders, and occasionally can be also found on the reef-slope. E. fastigiata rarely establishes monospecific aggregations in reefs (Almy & Carrión-Torres 1963). Nevertheless, in the past E. fastigiata constituted an important coralline formation off Santa Marta Bay at the northern coast of Colombia; however, its populations have decreased, almost disappeared, over the past three decades in that area due to the construction of the Santa Marta harbour, and its consequent negative effects for the coralline fauna, such as the increment of sedimentation and pollution. For that reason, E. fastigiata was included in the Colombian Red List of Marine Invertebrates under the category of Vulnerable (Reyes et al. 2002), according to the criteria established by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN).
 Distribution: Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, Florida, Bahamas (Zlatarski & Martínez 1982). In Colombia, E. fastigiata is known from all continental and oceanic coral reefs (Díaz et al. 2000).
 Material: USNM Antonius collection, catalog numbers C2, C4, C6; INV CNI 52, 1 colony, BEM1861; INV CNI 136, 1 colony, BEM977; INV CNI 191, 1 colony, BEM916; INV CNI 257, 1 colony, BEM916; INV CNI 259, 1 colony, BEM-E1003; INV CNI 268, 1 colony, BEM6844; INV CNI 537, 1 colony, BEM3629; INV CNI 580, 1 colony, BEM6842; INV CNI 628, 1 colony, BEM3629; INV CNI 920, 1 colony, BEM6842.
description: Published as part of Reyes, Javier, Santodomingo, Nadiezhda & Cairns, Stephen, 2009, Caryophylliidae (Scleractinia) from the Colombian Caribbean, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 2262 (1) on page 21, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2262.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5306371
Physical Implications of the Sub-threshold GRB GBM-190816 and its Associated Sub-threshold Gravitational Wave Event
Creators: name: Yang, Yi-Si
name: Zhong, Shu-Qing
name: Zhang, Bin-Bin
name: Wu, Shichao
name: Zhang, Bing
name: Yang, Yu-Han
name: Cao, Zhoujian
name: Gao, He
name: Zou, Jin-Hang
name: Wang, Jie-Shuang
name: Lü, Hou-Jun
name: Cang, Ji-Rong
name: Dai, Zi-Gao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The LIGO-Virgo and Fermi collaborations recently reported a possible joint detection of a sub-threshold gravitational wave (GW) event and a sub-threshold gamma-ray burst (GRB), GBM-190816, that occurred 1.57 s after the merger. We perform an independent analysis of the publicly available data and investigate the physical implications of this potential association. By carefully studying the following properties of GBM-190816 using Fermi/GBM data, including signal-to-noise ratio, duration, f-parameter, spectral properties, energetic properties, and its compliance with some GRB statistical correlations, we confirm that this event is likely a typical short GRB. Assuming its association with the sub-threshold GW event, the inferred luminosity is $1.47_{-1.04}^{+3.40} \times 10^{49}$ erg s$^{-1}$. Based on the available information of the sub-threshold GW event, we infer the mass ratio q of the compact binary as $q=2.26_{-1.43}^{+2.75}$ according to the reported range of luminosity distance. If the heavier compact object has a mass > 3 solar masses, q can be further constrained to $q=2.26_{-0.12}^{+2.75}$. The leading physical scenario invokes an NS-BH merger system with the NS tidally disrupted. Within this scenario, we constrain the physical properties of such a system to produce a GRB. The GW data may also allow an NS-BH system with no tidal disruption of the NS or a BH-BH merger. We apply the charged compact binary coalescence (cCBC) theory (for both a constant charge and an increasing charge for the merging members) to derive the model parameters to account for GBM-190816 and found that the required parameters are extreme. Finally, we argue that the fact that the observed GW-GRB delay time scale is comparable to that of GW170817/GRB 170817A suggests that the GW-GRB time delay of these two cases is mainly defined by the time scale for the jet to propagate to the GRB emission site.
description: 23 pages, 12 figures. Accepted by ApJ
Branch-counting in the Everett Interpretation of quantum mechanics
Creators: name: Saunders, Simon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A defence is offered of a version of the branch-counting rule for probability in the Everett interpretation (otherwise known as many-worlds interpretation) of quantum mechanics that both depends on the state and is continuous in the norm topology on Hilbert space. The well-known branch-counting rule, for realistic models of measurements, in which branches are defined by decoherence theory, fails this test. The new rule hinges on the use of decoherence theory in defining branching structure, and specifically decoherent histories theory. On this basis ratios of branch numbers are defined, free of any convention. They agree with the Born rule, and deliver a notion of objective probability similar to naïve frequentism, save that the frequencies of outcomes are not confined to a single world at different times, but spread over worlds at a single time. Nor is it ad hoc: it is recognizably akin to the combinatorial approach to thermodynamic probability, as introduced by Boltzmann in 1879. It is identical to the procedure followed by Planck, Bose, Einstein and Dirac in defining the equilibrium distribution of the Bose-Einstein gas. It also connects in a simple way with the decision-theory approach to quantum probability.
Supervised learning for back analysis of excavations in the observational method
Creators: name: Jin, Yingyan
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2018
Subjects: Bayesian inference
Excavations
Observational method
Back analysis

description: In the past few decades, demand for construction in underground spaces has increased dramatically in urban areas with high population densities. However, the impact of the construction of underground structures on surrounding infrastructure raises concerns since movements caused by deep excavations might damage adjacent buildings. Unfortunately, the prediction of geotechnical behaviour is difficult due to uncertainties and lack of information of on the underground environment. Therefore, to ensure safety, engineers tend to choose very conservative designs that result in requiring unnecessary material and longer construction time. The observational method, which was proposed by Peck in 1969, and formalised in Eurocode 7 in 1987, provides a way to avoid such redundancy by modifying the design based on the knowledge gathered during construction. The review process within the observational method is recognised as back analysis. Supervised learning can aid in this process, providing a systematic procedure to assess soil parameters based on monitoring data and prediction of the ground response. A probabilistic model is developed in this research to account for the uncertainties in the problem. Sequential Bayesian inference is used to update the soil parameters at each excavation stage when observations are available. The accuracy of the prediction for future stages improves at each stage. Meanwhile, the uncertainty contained in the prediction decreases, and therefore the confidence on the corresponding design also increases. Moreover, the Bayesian method integrates subjective engineering experience and objective observations in a rational and quantitative way, which enables the model to update soil parameters even when the amount of data is very limited. It also allows the use of the knowledge learnt from comparable ground conditions, which is particularly useful in the absence of site-specific information on ground conditions. Four probabilistic models are developed in this research. The first two incorporate empirical excavation design methods. These simple models are used to examine the practicality of the approach with several cases. The next two are coupled with a program called FREW, which is able to simulate the excavation process, still in a relatively simplistic way. The baseline model with simple assumptions on model error and another one is a more sophisticated model considering measurement error and spatial relationships among the observations. Their efficiency and accuracy are verified using a synthetic case and tested based on a case history from the London Crossrail project. In the end, the models are compared and their flexibility in different cases is discussed.
Aiming for more objectivity in creativity assessment - Applying word vectors on creativity data
Creators: name: Camenzind, Magdalena
name: Single, Michael
name: Gerber, Stephan
name: Nef, Tobias
name: Müri, René M.
name: Eberhard-Moscicka, Aleksandra K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Poster: Aiming for more objectivity in creativity assessment - Applying word vectors on creativity data
Associated $Z^\prime$ production in the flavorful $U(1)$ scenario for $R_{K^{(*)}}$
Creators: name: Dwivedi, Siddharth
name: Falkowski, Adam
name: Ghosh, Dilip Kumar
name: Ghosh, Nivedita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The flavorful $Z^\prime$ model with its couplings restricted to the left-handed second generation leptons and third generation quarks can potentially resolve the observed anomalies in $R_K$ and $R_{K^*}$. After examining the current limits on this model from various low-energy processes, we probe this scenario at 14 TeV high-luminosity run of the LHC using two complementary channels: one governed by the coupling of $Z'$ to $b$-quarks and the other to muons. We also discuss the implications of the latest LHC high mass resonance searches in the dimuon channel on the model parameter space of our interest.
description: 23 pages, 13 figures, 3 tables, Figures 5, 6, 7 and 8 have been modified, references have been updated, footnote added on page 12, version accepted for publication in The European Physical Journal C