Charax Scopoli 1777
Creators: name: Menezes, Naércio A.
name: de Lucena, Carlos Alberto S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Characiformes
Characidae
Charax

description: Key to species of <i>Charax</i> 1a. Lateral line incomplete, represented by anterior short segment; dorsal region of body anterior to dorsal fin origin lacking scales........................................................................ 2 1b. Lateral line complete, perforated scales extending to base of caudal fin; dorsal region of body anterior to dorsal fin origin entirely covered with scales, except for small predorsal naked area............................................................ 3 2a. Scale rows from pelvic-fin origin to lateral line 6-9......... 4 2b. Scale rows from pelvic-fin origin to lateral line 11-12............................................................. <i>Charax hemigrammus</i> 3a. Perforated scales on lateral line 42-44; 12 scale rows around caudal peduncle...................................... <i>Charax rupununi</i> 3b. Perforated scales on lateral line 50-65; 15-22 scale rows around caudal peduncle...................................................... 5 4a. Ectopterygoid teeth present; 30-41 teeth on posterior dentary row.................................................. <i>Charax condei</i> 4b. Ectopterygoid teeth absent; 18-28 teeth on posterior dentary row......................................... <i>Charax stenopterus</i> 5a. Anal-fin origin along or slightly posterior to,vertical through origin of dorsal fin; ectopterygoid teeth always present................................................................................... 6 5b. Anal-fin origin always anterior to vertical through origin of dorsal fin; ectopterygoid teeth absent (except in some specimens of <i>Charax gibbosus</i>)........................................ 8 6a. Superficial neuromasts absent on body; 9-10 gill rakers on lower branch of first gill arch..................... <i>Charax tectifer</i> 6b. Superficial neuromasts present, especially visible on trunk scales (Figs. 1 and 2); 7-9 (rarely 9) gill rakers on lower branch of first gill arch......................................................... 7 7a. Total number of ectopterygoid teeth 20-50; humeral spot distance 41.6-47% of SL (Fig. 3); 7-9 transverse scale rows between humeral spot and supracleithrum......................................................................... <i>Charax metae</i> 7b. Total number of ectopterygoid teeth 3-15; humeral spot distance 48-51% of SL (Fig. 3); 10-12 transverse scale rows between humeral spot and supracleithrum...................................................................... <i>Charax delimai</i> 8a. Orbital diameter 25-28.5% of head length (Fig. 4) ……… 9 8b. Orbital diameter 30.1-38.4% of head length (Fig. 4) …… 10 9a. Snout length 20.3-22.8% of head length (Fig. 5); 16-17 scale rows from dorsal-fin origin to lateral line; 9-13 scale rows from anal-fin origin to lateral line....................................................... <i>Charax caudimaculatus</i> 9b. Snout length 24.3-26.3% of head length (Fig. 5); 18-19 scale rows from dorsal-fin origin to lateral line; 14-17 scale rows from anal-fin origin to lateral line.................................................................... <i>Charax notulatus</i> 10a. Scale rows around caudal peduncle 20-22.................... 11 10b. Scale rows around caudal peduncle 16-19................... 12 11a. Perforated scales on lateral line 54-62....................................................................... <i>Charax apurensis</i> 11b. Perforated scales on lateral line 63-65.................................................................. <i>Charax macrolepis</i> 12a. Humeral spot distance 34.7-37.8% of standard length (Fig. 3); 4-6 transverse scale rows between humeral spot and supracleithrum............................................................. 13 12b. Humeral spot distance 38-44% of standard length (Fig. 3); 8-10 transverse scale rows between humeral spot and supracleithrum....................................................................... 14 13a. Scale rows from dorsal-fin origin to lateral line 18-20..................................................................... <i>Charax michaeli</i> 13b. Scale rows from dorsal-fin origin to lateral line 15-16... 15 14a. Scale rows from dorsal-fin origin to lateral line 3-14............................................................ <i>Charax pauciradiatus</i> 14b. Scale rows from dorsal-fin origin to lateral line 16-18....................................................................... <i>Charax leticiae</i> 15a. Predorsal scales 38-45; ectopterygoid teeth present in most specimens examined <i>....................... Charax gibbosus</i> 15b. Predorsal scales; ectopterygoid teeth absent in all specimens examined 52-68............................. <i>Charax niger</i>
description: Published as part of <i>Menezes, Naércio A. &amp; de Lucena, Carlos Alberto S., 2014, A taxonomic review of the species of Charax Scopoli, 1777 (Teleostei: Characidae: Characinae) with description of a new species from the rio Negro bearing superficial neuromasts on body scales, Amazon basin, Brazil, pp. 193-228 in Neotropical Ichthyology 12 (2)</i> on pages 195-197, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20130175, http://zenodo.org/record/4638995