Zema Fennah 1956
Creators: name: Wang, Rong-Rong
name: Liang, Ai-Ping
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Tropiduchidae
Zema

description: Genus Zema Fennah, 1956
Zema Fennah, 1956: 500. Type species: Zema gressitti Fennah, 1956, by original designation.
Redescription
Small-sized tropiduchids (Figs. 1, 2), length (from apex of vertex to tip of fore wings) 5.0– 7.5 mm; fore wings length: 4.8–6.5 mm.
General color testaceous to brown, vertex and pronotum usually with blackish markings, gena with a blackish patch below eye; fore wings and hind wings transparent, veins brown.
Head with eyes narrower than pronotum. Vertex (Fig. 12) distinctly shorter in midline than breadth at base, anterior margin somewhat convex; lateral margins elevated and converged anteriorly; median carina percurrent or distinct only in basal two-thirds, disc of vertex depressed, posterior margin distinctly obtuseangled concave. Frons (Fig. 13) tricarinate, longer in middle than the widest breadth, anterior margin straight, lateral margins carinate, slightly converging below level of antennae. Clypeus (Figs. 13, 14) about two-thirds as long as frons, with sparse microsetulae; median carina distinct or indistinct but with raised median area; lateral carinae slightly surpassing distad of middle. Rostrum long, reaching between hind coxae, apical segment distinctly longer than broad. Eyes oval. Ocelli small, close to eye and away from base of antennae. Antennae (Figs. 13, 14) with scape short and small, ring-like; pedicel subglobose, covered with fine setulae and more than 40 disclike sensory plaque organs, both setulae and sensory plaque organs extending to base of pedicel.
Pronotum (Figs. 12, 14) longer than vertex in middle line, distinctly shorter than mesonotum in midline; disc with anterior margin slightly arched, narrower than width of vertex at base, lateral carinae converging anteriorly; median carina distinct, reaching posterior margin; inter-carinal areas distinctly depressed with a circular depression medially beyond median carina; lateral portion anterior of tegulae with a subsinuately longitudinal carina on each side; posterior margin subangulately concave with a distinct notch at middle. Mesonotum (Fig. 12) tricarinate, without a distinct transverse suture separating mesoscutellum; median carina straight, reaching to mesoscutellum; lateral carinae curving anteriorly towards median carina. Fore wings (Fig. 15) hyaline, about three times as long as broad, widest at level of nodal line; costal margin and sutural margin subparallel, the former only slightly incurved at base; corium smooth, without granulation; costal marginal area without transverse veinlets; Sc + R, M, and Cu united to level of nodal line; nodal line straight and distinct, with one row of transverse veins distad of it; with 9 apical cells and 4 subapical cells; claval suture present, claval veins united at middle of clavus. Hind wings (Fig. 16) hyaline, Sc + R, M, and Cu1 each forked once. Legs elongate, hind tibiae with 4 distinct lateral spines, abnormally with 5 (often on one leg only), distally with 8 small spines, basal metatarsal segment with 8–9 teeth at apex, metatarsal segment pad-like, with a spine at each apical angle.
Male genitalia with pygofer (Figs. 3–5, 17–19) narrow in upper 2/5 and broad in lower 3/ 5 in lateral view, anterior margin distinctly obtuse-angled concave submesially, posterior margin oblique and relatively straight in lateral view, dorsa1 margin deeply excavated to accommodate anal tube. Anal tube very short and small; anal styles relatively large, surpassing ventral margin of anal tube in dorsal view. Parameres (Figs. 3–5, 17– 19, 21) very short and broad, directed anterodorsally, with a laminate, posteroventrally directed lobe arising from inner margin subapically in lateral view, apical margin ledged. Aedeagus (Figs. 3–6, 17–20) elongate, tubular, sinuate in lateral view; corpus connective (Figs. 20, 21) slender and elongate, with apex forked; phallotreme exposed in the middle; periandrium (Figs. 3, 4, 6, 17, 18, 20) elongate, symmetrical or asymmetrical, with its basal half surrounding basal 1/2 of penis; penis elongate, sinuate, apical half directed posteroventrally in lateral view, apex or middle part distinctly forked.
Gonopophyses VIII (first valvulae) (Figs. 9, 10) sawlike, strongly sclerotized with about 2–4 blunt teeth on dorsal margin, with several indistinct, mimute teeth arranged in 3 oblique short rows, a single relatively large tooth at apex, ventral margin denticulate with several teeth, two apical teeth blunt, laterally at base with an oblique row of many minute teeth. Gonopophyses IX (second valvular) (Fig. 8) triangular, fused together on inner-lateral margin and strongly reduced but well sclerotized, apical ends not meeting together, blunt at apex, gonospiculum longer than median length of triangular part 1.35:1, flattened laterally. Gonoplac (third valvular) (Figs. 7, 10) with 2–5 teeth on dorsal margin and about five teeth on apical margin.
Biology
No biological data are currently available for species of Zema.
Distribution
China (Sichuan, Hubei, Yunnan, Xizang).
Remarks
Species of Zema can be distinguished from other genera in Cixiopsini by the following characters: frons (Fig. 13) tricarinate, longer in middle than the widest breadth (1.30–1.44:1), anterior margin straight, lateral margins slightly converging below level of antennae, with a broad callus at anterior margin; fore wings (Fig. 15) hyaline, Sc + R, M, and Cu united to level of nodal line; nodal line straight and distinct, with one row of transverse veins distad of it; with 9 apical cells and 4 subapical cells; claval veins united at middle of clavus; and hind wings (Fig. 16) with Sc + R, M, and Cu1 each forked once.
description: Published as part of Wang, Rong-Rong & Liang, Ai-Ping, 2007, Taxonomic study of the genus Zema Fennah (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Tropiduchidae) from China, pp. 61-68 in Zootaxa 1436 on pages 62-63, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175877