cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
New Technology - Livestock
Creators: name: Drew, Bridget
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Livestock Production/Industries

description: Technological advances have tripled the production potential of European farms since 1960. Major developments have been reported in the reproductive technologies, the nutritive value of feeds, manipulation of metabolism, animal health and in mechanisation. Some of these techniques have now become commercial reality, for others there are prospects for further development and application. Although the improved production and efficiency promised by these techniques will be essential if the human population increases as demographic studies predict, public acceptance will depend on a better understanding of their benefits. Scientists must not only provide solutions to the technical aspects but also satisfactory evidence to the consumers, as to their safety and quality of the product, and at least neutral if not positive effects on animal welfare and the environment.
description: Tenth International Farm Management Congress, The University of Reading, UK, July 10-15, 1995
Dialog statt Hass: Ein Programm des Vereins NEUSTART gegen Verhetzung
Creators: name: Priechenfried, Klaus
name: Pajkovic, Dana
name: Schmidt, Valentin
Publisher: name: Forum Verlag Godesberg
Year: 2020
Subjects: Hasskriminalität
Hass im Netz
Verhetzung
Sozialkonstruktive Alternativen zu Freiheits- oder Geldstrafen

description: Als Reaktion auf den Anstieg von Delikten im Bereich der "Verhetzung" in Österreich (§ 283 österr. StGB) entwickelte der Verein NEUSTART ein Programm für Täter*innen und Tatverdächtige mit dem Ziel, die Einsicht in die Bandbreite des angerichteten Schadens durch das eigene Verhalten herzustellen, das Mediennutzungsverhalten und seine Auswirkungen zu reflektieren und alternative, konstruktive Verhaltensweisen zu erlernen bzw auszuweiten. Nach einer Darstellung der theoretischen Grundlagen und der eingesetzten Methoden des Programms werden Fallbeispiele präsentiert. Die Ergebnisse der Begleitforschung und die überwiegend positiven Reaktionen von Teilnehmenden und zuweisenden Richter*innen und Staatsanwält*innen haben bewirkt, dass das Programm in Österreich nach der Erprobungsphase in den Regelbetrieb übernommen wurde.
Der Akteur Gericht. Kontinuitäten nationalsozialistischer Vorstellungen am Beispiel des Umgangs der Republik Österreich mit TäterInnen im Bereich der Verfolgung von „Asozialen“
Creators: name: Rajal, Elke
name: Amesberger, Helga
name: Halbmayr, Brigitte
Publisher: name: Forum Verlag Godesberg
Year: 2020
Subjects: Nationalsozialismus
"Asozialität"
Arbeitsanstalten
Wien
Nachkriegsjustiz

description: Der Artikel behandelt die justizielle Ahndung von Verbrechen gegen als asozial stigmatisierte Frauen in Österreich. Es wird dabei davon ausgegangen, dass die Rechtsprechung wesentlich zur Fortschreibung von Diskriminierung und Ausgrenzung von als „asozial“ verfolgten Personen beitrug. Im Artikel wird die Frage aufgerollt, inwiefern in den Ermittlungs- und Strafverfahren das Stigma der Asozialität auf die Verfahren selbst und deren Ausgang einwirkte. Dafür dient das Strafverfahren gegen Alfred Hackel – Leiter einer Arbeitsanstalt für „asoziale" Frauen in Wien (Am Steinhof) – und andere Beschuldigte als Fallbeispiel. 1945/46 fand das erste Verfahren statt. 1948 wurde der Fall wiederaufgenommen. Durch die Aufrollung des Strafverfahrens im Jahr 1948 können Veränderungen in der Wahrnehmung und Charakterisierung der Opfer in den ersten Nachkriegsjahren besonders gut nachgezeichnet werden.
Gravitinos Tunneling from Black Holes
Creators: name: Yale, Alexandre
name: Mann, Robert B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Black hole radiation of gravitinos is investigated as the classically forbidden tunneling of spin-3/2 fermions through an event horizon. We show that all four spin states of the gravitino yield the same emission temperature, and retrieve the Unruh temperature in a Rindler spacetime as well as the Hawking temperature for a Kerr-Newman charged rotating black hole.
description: 10 pages, latex
Wildlife Trafficking: Criminological, International and Criminal Law Perspectives
Creators: name: Schloenhardt, Andreas
name: Ege, Gian
Publisher: name: Forum Verlag Godesberg
Year: 2020
Subjects: Wildlife trafficking

description: Wildlife trafficking threatens the existence of many species and accelerates the destruction of fauna, flora, forests, and other natural resources and contributes to environmental degradation. Wildlife trafficking affects most countries of the world as countries of origin, transit or destination and frequently involves sophisticated organised criminal groups. This chapter explores the demand that is driving this illicit trade, examines the methods and perpetrators, and outlines relevant international frameworks to prevent and combat wildlife trafficking.
Supersymmetry breaking deformations and phase transitions in five dimensions
Creators: name: Bertolini, Matteo
name: Mignosa, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze a recently proposed supersymmetry breaking mass deformation of the $E_1$ superconformal fixed point in five dimensions which, at weak gauge coupling, leads to pure $SU(2)$ Yang-Mills and which was conjectured to lead to an interacting CFT at strong coupling. We provide an explicit geometric construction of the deformation using brane-web techniques and show that for large enough gauge coupling a global symmetry is spontaneously broken and the theory enters a new phase which, at infinite coupling, displays an instability. The Yang-Mills and the symmetry broken phases are separated by a phase transition. Depending on the structure of the potential, this can be first or second order.
description: Comment: 27 pages, 15 figures. v4: typos corrected
Discovery of the accretion-powered millisecond pulsar SWIFT J1756.9-2508 with a low-mass companion
Creators: name: Krimm, H. A.
name: Markwardt, C. B.
name: Deloye, C. J.
name: Romano, P.
name: Chakrabarty, D.
name: Campana, S.
name: Cummings, J. R.
name: Galloway, D. K.
name: Gehrels, N.
name: Hartman, J. M.
name: Kaaret, P.
name: Morgan, E. H.
name: Tueller, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the discovery by the Swift Gamma-Ray Burst Explorer of the eighth known transient accretion-powered millisecond pulsar, SWIFT J1756.9-2508, as part of routine observations with the Swift Burst Alert Telescope hard X-ray transient monitor. The pulsar was subsequently observed by both the X-Ray Telescope on Swift and the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer Proportional Counter Array. It has a spin frequency of 182 Hz (5.5 ms) and an orbital period of 54.7 minutes. The minimum companion mass is between 0.0067 and 0.0086 solar masses, depending on the mass of the neutron star, and the upper limit on the mass is 0.030 solar masses (95% confidence level). Such a low mass is inconsistent with brown dwarf models, and comparison with white dwarf models suggests that the companion is a He-dominated donor whose thermal cooling has been at least modestly slowed by irradiation from the accretion flux. No X-ray bursts, dips, eclipses or quasi-periodic oscillations were detected. The current outburst lasted approximately 13 days and no earlier outbursts were found in archival data.
description: 13 pages, 2 figures, accepted by Astrophysical Journal Letters
Resonant phenomena in extended chaotic systems subject to external noise: the Lorenz'96 model case
Creators: name: Revelli, Jorge A.
name: Rodriguez, Miguel A.
name: Wio, Horacio S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effects of a time-correlated noise on an extended chaotic system. The chosen model is the Lorenz'96, a kind of "toy" model used for climate studies. Through the analysis of the system's time evolution and its time and space correlations, we have obtained numerical evidence for two stochastic resonance-like behavior. Such behavior is seen when both, the usual and a generalized signal-to-noise ratio function are depicted as a function of the external noise intensity or the system size. The underlying mechanism seems to be associated to a "noise-induced chaos reduction". The possible relevance of these and other findings for an "optimal" climate prediction are discussed.
description: Submitted to Europhysics Letters (LaTex, 12 pgs, 5 figures)
Detecting Double Beta Decays Using Nuclear Emulsions
Creators: name: Dracos, Marcos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutrino nature and absolute mass scale are major questions in particle physics which cannot be addressed by the present neutrino oscillation program. To answer these two questions, several neutrinoless double beta decay experiments are underway or planed for the near future. These experiments, mainly use bolometric techniques or gaseous counters coupled with scintillator detectors. The energy resolution is better in bolometric experiments but experiments coupling tracking with calorimetry have the advantage of observing the two electron tracks and remove many background sources. Here, we present a proposal of using nuclear emulsions to observe double beta decays. This technique has the advantage of precise tracking and vertexing even for low energy electrons.
description: 7 pages, submitted to the Journal of the Society of Photographic Science and Technology of Japan
Micromagic clock: microwave clock based on atoms in an engineered optical lattice
Creators: name: Beloy, K.
name: Derevianko, A.
name: Dzuba, V. A.
name: Flambaum, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new class of atomic microwave clocks based on the hyperfine transitions in the ground state of aluminum or gallium atoms trapped in optical lattices. For these elements magic wavelengths exist at which both levels of the hyperfine doublet are shifted at the same rate by the lattice laser field, cancelling its effect on the clock transition. Our analysis of various systematic effects shows that, while offering an improved control over systematic errors, the accuracy of the proposed microwave clock is competitive to that of the state-of-the-art primary frequency standard.
description: 4pgs+3figs
Quantum simulation of the single-particle Schrodinger equation
Creators: name: Benenti, Giuliano
name: Strini, Giuliano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The working of a quantum computer is described in the concrete example of a quantum simulator of the single-particle Schrodinger equation. We show that a register of 6-10 qubits is sufficient to realize a useful quantum simulator capable of solving in an efficient way standard quantum mechanical problems.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, added remarks and references
Representations and classification of traveling wave solutions to Sinh-G{ö}rdon equation
Creators: name: Liu, Cheng-shi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two concepts named atom solution and combinatory solution are defined. The classification of all single traveling wave atom solutions to Sinh-G{ö}rdon equation is obtained, and qualitative properties of solutions are discussed. In particular, we point out that some qualitative properties derived intuitively from dynamic system method aren't true. In final, we prove that our solutions to Sinh-G{ö}rdon equation include all solutions obtained in the paper[Fu Z T et al, Commu. in Theor. Phys.(Beijing) 2006 45 55]. Through an example, we show how to give some new identities on Jacobian elliptic functions.
description: 12 pages. accepted by Communications in theoretical physics (Beijing)
Degradation of sawdust by Cellulomonas fimi enzymes
Creators: name: Vondette, Nancy Anne
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Cellulomonas find was grown on minimal media with casamino acids and yeast extract added. Avicel was found to be the best cellulosic carbon source for the production of cellulase enzymes. The Millipore Ultrafiltration System was found to be the most efficient method of concentrating the enzyme preparations. Unpretreated sawdust samples of four different softwood species were degraded between 12 and 16 percent over a 15-day treatment. Increasing the concentration of substrate lead to a lower percent degradation but a higher overall degradation. Chemical pretreatment did not appreciably increase degradability of the samples. Physical pretreatments decrease the degrada-bility of the sawdust samples. The lotech pretreatment, which is a combination of chemical and physical pretreatment, gives a substrate that is degraded by the Cellulomonas fimi enzyme preparation. The pretreatment makes 50% of the sample water soluble. In 3 days, a further 35% is degraded from large insoluble chunks into insoluble small particles which remain in suspension. There is 6% degraded into soluble state. This leaves only 9% of the initial sample left in the pellet. With longer incubation, one would expect the degradation to continue.
Planet-bound dark matter and the internal heat of Uranus, Neptune, and hot-Jupiter exoplanets
Creators: name: Adler, Stephen L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We suggest that accretion of planet-bound dark matter by the Jovian planets, and by hot-Jupiter exoplanets, could be a significant source of their internal heat. The anomalously low internal heat of Uranus would then be explained if the collision believed to have tilted the axis of Uranus also knocked it free of most of its associated dark matter cloud. Our considerations focus on the efficient capture of non-self-annihilating dark matter, but could also apply to self-annihilating dark matter, provided the capture efficiency is small enough that the earth heat balance constraint is obeyed.
description: Latex, 6 pages; v4 is final version to appear in Phys. Lett. B
Information as Basis for Dairy Farm Management in Kagera, Tanzania
Creators: name: Houterman, J.F.
name: Muttagwaba, T.J.N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Farm Management
Industrial Organization

description: The Kagera Livestock Development Programme supports smallholder dairy farming in Kagera region, Tanzania. Dairy farming is a financially rewarding activity. Well over 2,000 dairy farmers receive management support via training and extension. The extension service has a detailed monitoring system, covering technical and economic aspects. The system is based on paper reports and one Personal Computer with tailor-made software. The information supports management at farm level, where high calf mortality and long calving intervals are the main problems. It also supports extension staff, their direct supervisors and the project management. KAUDEP has put much effort to develop the system, to make it work and provide feedback to all levels. Internally the system works fairly well. The main constraint lies in the contact between extension staff and the farmers. KAUDEP is therefore concentrating more on training the extension staff, including gender sensitization, as well as improving farmers training.
description: Tenth International Farm Management Congress, The University of Reading, UK, July 10-15, 1995
Uncertainty regions of observables and state-independent uncertainty relations
Creators: name: Zhang, Lin
name: Luo, Shunlong
name: Fei, Shao-Ming
name: Wu, Junde
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The optimal state-independent lower bounds for the sum of variances or deviations of observables are of significance for the growing number of experiments that reach the uncertainty limited regime. We present a framework for computing the tight uncertainty relations of variance or deviation via determining the uncertainty regions, which are formed by the tuples of two or more of quantum observables in random quantum states induced from the uniform Haar measure on the purified states. From the analytical formulae of these uncertainty regions, we present state-independent uncertainty inequalities satisfied by the sum of variances or deviations of two, three and arbitrary many observables, from which experimentally friend entanglement detection criteria are derived for bipartite and tripartite systems.
description: 42 pages; a few typoes in the published version are corrected in this version
Feeding the World - The Contribution of Farm Management and The Farming Systems Approach to Development (FSD)
Creators: name: Friedrich, K.H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Farm Management
Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: In this paper, the global world situation with regard to availability of food is presented, followed by prospects of world population and agricultural growth. Focus is then turned to developing countries, specifically in sub-Saharan Africa, and considerations with regard to their dependence on food imports and food aid. The need to encourage their domestic agricultural production is expressed which, to a large extent, is generated by the small-scale sector. The challenge to meet objectives of increased and sustained production in these countries is substantiated, leading to the role of the Farming Systems Approach to Development (FSD) in this, including improved farm management which is well integrated in the approach. The concept and methods of FSD for increased food production, but more generally also for sustainable development of farm-household systems is substantiated and concluded with an outline for future directions.
description: Tenth International Farm Management Congress, The University of Reading, UK, July 10-15, 1995
Agriculture and Rural Infrastructure
Creators: name: McInerney, John
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: Rural infrastructure consists of a complex pattern of facilities, institutions and working arrangements which provide the supporting framework for the rural economic, social and environmental systems. The character of these systems has been determined largely by agriculture, since it is the dominant user of the land base. The economic forces which change agriculture are now primarily related to developing patterns of demand for food products and for the non-food services that rural resources can provide. As farm businesses adjust to these pressures, new economic infrastructure has to develop to support them. Rural economic adjustment then brings with it major changes in the nature of rural society.
The growth of a ‘dual’ agricultural structure, increasing numbers of part-time and diversified farm holdings, and the countryside developing more to provide direct consumer services will change rural areas and call for distinctive adaptations and extensions to the rural infrastructure.
description: Tenth International Farm Management Congress, The University of Reading, UK, July 10-15, 1995
Kriminologische Risikofaktoren für die Radikalisierung von Jugendlichen
Creators: name: Schröder, Carl Philipp
name: Goede, Laura-Romina
name: Lehmann, Lena
Publisher: name: Forum Verlag Godesberg
Year: 2020
Subjects: Extremismus
Radikalisierung
Risikofaktoren
Jugend

description: Die Radikalisierungsforschung hat in den letzten Jahren eine Vielzahl von Theorien und Modellen hervorgebracht, die eine Hinwendung zum Extremismus erklären sollen. Darüber hinaus liefern auch einschlägige kriminologische Theorien Erklärungsansätze. In dem Beitrag werden Risikofaktoren aus der Anomietheorie (Merton 1938), der General Theory of Crime (Gottfredson/Hirschi 1990) und der Bindungstheorie (Hirschi 1969) abgeleitet und anschließend hinsichtlich ihrer Zusammenhänge mit extremistischen Einstellungen empirisch geprüft. Die Datengrundlage bildet eine Studie mit 6.715 Schüler*innen, die in elf deutschen Bundesländern vom Kriminologischen Forschungsinstitut Niedersachsen e.V. im Rahmen des vom BMBF geförderten Verbundprojektes „Radikalisierung im digitalen Zeitalter – Risiken, Verläufe und Strategien der Prävention (RadigZ)“ durchgeführt wurde. Die multivariate Analyse zeigt, dass insbesondere Anomie und niedrige Selbstkontrolle Risikofaktoren darstellen.
Status of the Superconducting Magnets for FAIR
Creators: name: Fischer, E.
name: Bezkorovaynyy, V.
name: Bleile, A.
name: Ceballos, J.
name: Floch, E.
name: Freisleben, W.
name: Maroussov, V.
name: Marzouki, F.
name: Müller, H.
name: Meier, J. P.
name: Mierau, A.
name: Raach, H.
name: Schnizer, P.
name: Seifert, F.
name: Stafiniak, A.
name: Sugita, K.
name: Szwangruber, P.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2014
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2013 - GSI Report 2014-1
Zur modifiziert punitiven Sanktionierungspraxis armutsbedingter Devianz
Creators: name: Seel, Marc-Alexander
Publisher: name: Forum Verlag Godesberg
Year: 2020
Subjects: Punitivität
armutsbedingte Devianz
Segregation

description: Punitivität offenbart sich in Deutschland (noch) nicht in Form repressiver Strafandrohungen oder massenhafter Inhaftierung marginalisierter Bevölkerungsgruppen; ein zentrales Kriterium einer in Deutschland etablierten modifizierten Punitivität besteht im Wesentlichen in der systematischen und rechtlich gestützten Ausgrenzung von gesellschaftlicher Teilhabe durch räumliche und ökonomische Segregation. Basierend auf einer Literaturanalyse sowie umfassenden Berufserfahrungen in der staatlichen ambulanten Straffälligenhilfe wird in dem Artikel beleuchtet, inwieweit das relativ harte justizielle Bestrafen von armutsbedingten Delikten mit den zunehmend straforientierten strukturellen Vorgaben von ursprünglich auf wohlfahrtsstaatliche Unterstützungsleistungen ausgerichtete Institutionen (z.B.,,Jobcenter") korreliert. In der Berufspraxis der ambulanten Straffälligenhilfe ist - gerade bei Bagatelldelikten - eine kriminalpolitische Tendenz zur Verurteilung von sozioökonomisch randständigen Petsonen zu längeren Bewährungsstrafen mit umfangreichen Arbeits- oder kaum erfüllbaren Geldauflagen erkennbar. Gleichzeitig erschwert die Sanktionierungspraxis der Jobcenter die Möglichkeiten zur gesellschaftlichen Teilhabe der Betroffenen und kann als ein Element einer gegenteiligen Entwicklung zu den wohlfahrtsstaatlichen Partizipations-, Integrations- oder Resozialisierungsgedanken interpretiert werden. So verstärken etwa Leistungskürzungen und -Verweigerungen die prekären wirtschaftlichen Verhältnisse der Betroffenen immens und provozieren wiederum strafrechtlich relevante Handlungen wie bestimmte Eigentums- und Betrugsdelikte sowie weitere Straftatbestände, die aus finanziellen Notsituationen heraus begangen werden. In der Schnittmenge aus den sanktionierten Sozialleistungsbeziehern und den aufgrund armutsbedingter Delikte gerichtlich Verurteilten konzentriert sich eine Population mit sozioökonomischem Niedrigstatus, welche zu bestimmten Aktivitäten (z.B. Erbringung gemeinnütziger Arbeitsleistungen) verpflichtet und bei Verweigerung mit weiteren Strafmaßnahmen belegt werden sollen. Darüber hinaus eignet sich dieser Personenkreis in besonderer Weise zur Rekrutierung in prekäre Beschäftigungsverhältnisse im Niedriglohnsektor mit sehr eingeschränkten Arbeitnehmerrechten und hoher Austauschbarkeit. Der Beitrag soll einen Diskurs darüber anregen, ob sich durch die Sanktionierungspraxis armutsbedingter Devianz ein Menschenbild abzeichnet, das in eindimensionaler Betrachtungsweise den ökonomisch Exkludierten die Hauptschuld für ihre prekäre Lage zuweist und hierbei zugleich gesellschaftliche Segregationsmechanismen legitimiert.
A bridge between Local GAAP and Solvency II frameworks to quantify Capital Requirement for demographic risk
Creators: name: Clemente, Gian Paolo
name: Della Corte, Francesco
name: Savelli, Nino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Risk Management (q-fin.RM)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The paper provides a stochastic model useful for assessing the capital requirement for demographic risk. The model extends to the market consistent context classical methodologies developed in a local accounting framework. In particular we provide a unique formulation for different non-participating life insurance contracts and we prove analytically that the valuation of demographic profit can be significantly affected by the financial conditions in the market. A case study has been also developed considering a portfolio of life insurance contracts. Results prove the effectiveness of the model in highlighting main drivers of capital requirement evaluation, also compared to local GAAP framework.
description: 24 pages, 5 figures
Capacitive energy storage in single-file pores: Exactly-solvable models and simulations
Creators: name: Verkholyak, Taras
name: Kuzmak, Andrij
name: Kondrat, Svyatoslav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding charge storage in low-dimensional electrodes is crucial for developing novel ecologically friendly devices for capacitive energy storage and conversion, water desalination, etc. Exactly-solvable models allow in-depth analyses and essential physical insights into the charging mechanisms. So far, however, such analytical approaches have been mainly limited to lattice models. Herein, we develop a versatile, exactly-solvable, one-dimensional off-lattice model for charging single-file pores. Unlike the lattice model, this model shows an excellent quantitative agreement with three-dimensional Monte Carlo simulations. With analytical calculations and simulations, we show that the differential capacitance can be bell-shaped (one peak), camel-shaped (two peaks), or have four peaks. Transformations between these capacitance shapes can be induced by changing pore ionophilicity, cation-anion size asymmetry, or by adding solvent. We find that the camel-shaped capacitance, characteristic of dilute electrolytes, appears for strongly ionophilic pores with high ion densities, which we relate to charging mechanisms specific to narrow pores. We also derive a large-voltage asymptotic expression for the capacitance, showing that the capacitance decays to zero as the inverse square of the voltage, $C \sim u^{-2}$. This dependence follows from hard-core interactions and is not captured by the lattice model.
description: The following article has been accepted by the Journal of Chemical Physics. After it is published, it will be found at https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0066786 . (29 pages, 6 figures)
Farming For Jobs and Income
Creators: name: Tribe, Derek
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital
Farm Management

description: When a developing country improves its farm productivity, it at once increases job opportunities, both on-farm and in those rural industries that service farmers and process food. When poor people gain employment and a regular income, they spend most of their money on food, and their health and general standards of living improve. People with an adequate income have smaller families, and also show greater concern for their environments, the welfare of women, and children’s education. Today’s challenge is to find ways of improving farm production throughout the world, while still conserving the natural resources which will be needed for the survival of future generations. If this is achieved, everyone will benefit - and there is only one way of doing it. The new knowledge that is so urgently needed can only come from increased investments in research.
description: Tenth International Farm Management Congress, The University of Reading, UK, July 10-15, 1995
Visual Analytics in der Kriminologie
Creators: name: Seidensticker, Kai
name: Stoffel, Florian
Publisher: name: Forum Verlag Godesberg
Year: 2020
Subjects: Visual Analytics
Kriminologie
Datenanalyse

description: Die Menge an verfügbaren Daten nimmt durch die fortschreitende Technisierung und Digitalisierung der Gesellschaft kontinuierlich zu. Dies führt gleichsam zu einem steigenden Bedarf an Visualisierungs- und Analysetechniken, um diese Daten nutzbar machen zu können, sie zu analysieren und Forschungsergebnisse zu erklären und darzustellen. In vielen wissenschaftlichen Disziplinen ist das Interesse an Visualisierungs- und Analysetechniken bereits groß. In der Kriminologie steht man jedoch gerade erst am Anfang und nutzt Visualisierungstechniken bisher vor allem zur Darstellung von Forschungsergebnissen. Dieser Beitrag zeigt auf, dass die Methode Visual Analytics gerade im Bereich der Kriminologie großes Potenzial für die Analyse von Daten und die Darstellung von Forschungsergebnissen besitzt und versteht sich als ein Impuls für die stärkere Vernetzung der Wissenschaftsdisziplinen Kriminologie und Informatik.
Inhibited nonradiative decay at all exciton densities in monolayer semiconductors
Creators: name: Kim, Hyungjin
name: Uddin, Shiekh Zia
name: Higashitarumizu, Naoki
name: Rabani, Eran
name: Javey, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most optoelectronic devices operate at high photocarrier densities, where all semiconductors suffer from enhanced nonradiative recombination. Nonradiative processes proportionately reduce photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (QY), a performance metric that directly dictates the maximum device efficiency. Although transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) monolayers exhibit near-unity PL QY at low exciton densities, nonradiative exciton-exciton annihilation (EEA) enhanced by van-Hove singularity (VHS) rapidly degrades their PL QY at high exciton densities and limits their utility in practical applications. Here, by applying small mechanical strain (< 1%), we circumvent VHS resonance and drastically suppress EEA in monolayer TMDCs, resulting in near-unity PL QY at all exciton densities despite the presence of a high native defect density. Our findings can enable light-emitting devices that retain high efficiency at all brightnesses.
Motivating Staff Through Empowerment
Creators: name: Taylor, Don
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
Labor and Human Capital

description: The successful implementation of business plans depends critically upon motivation: managers' ability to get people involved and committed. "Empowerment” is a feeling, or culture, to this end; it embodies direction, autonomy and support. A new approach, or "vision", has evolved in the company concerned, which is explained and discussed. Key management characteristics are listed and the importance of the team approach emphasised.
description: Tenth International Farm Management Congress, The University of Reading, UK, July 10-15, 1995
Delivering social care in a changing climate
Creators: name: Young, Shelagh
name: Bergseng, Anne Marte
Publisher: name: University of Edinburgh
Year: 2021
Subjects: Climate change
Social work
Care at home
NHS
Resilience
Business disruption
Extreme weather
Adaptation

description: Weather disruption is a ‘system stressor’ that is projected to increase in the coming decades as the global climate changes. The UK Climate Change Risk Assessment has identified climate change as one of the greatest risks to public health in the UK, and one which will impact vulnerable people disproportionally. This project looks at how providers of social care support at home in Scotland respond to extreme weather events. Based on experience from three case studies of extreme weather, it considers how the sector is planning for, dealing with and learning from such events. The study only looks at support provided in people’s homes. It does not address care provided in other settings such as residential care homes. The report is a first step in making an assessment of the social care support sector’s resilience to climate change and helping to improve this. The research is based on interviews with social care providers and with those working in business continuity, emergency planning and community resilience in six geographical focus areas. It also involved desk research, drawing on strategies and plans relevant to the provision of social care support at home which are in the public domain. The study was commissioned and carried out prior to the coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic, and also at a time when the Scottish Government was working with partners to develop a programme to support reform of adult social care support.
Development and Validation of a Scalable Fast Load Shedding Technique for Industrial Power Systems
Creators: name: Petriccioli, Andrea
name: Grillo, Samuele
name: Comunello, David
name: Cacace, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The work aims to improve the existing fast load shedding algorithm for industrial power system to increase performance, reliability, and scalability for future expansions. The paper illustrates the development of a scalable algorithm to compute the shedding matrix, and the test performed on a model of the electric grid of an offshore platform. From this model it is possible to study the impact on the transients of various parameters, such as spinning reserve and delay time. Subsequently, the code is converted into Structured Text and implemented on an ABB PLC. The scalability of the load shedding algorithm is thus verified, confirming its performance with respect to the computation of the shedding matrix and the usefulness of the dynamic simulations during the design phase of the plant.
THE ROLE OF INTERBUDGET TRANSFERS AND TAXES IN ENSURING THE FINANCIAL INDEPENDENCE OF LOCAL BUDGETS
Creators: name: Khayriddinov, Azamat
name: Boboyeva, Surayyo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This article highlights the role of interbudgetary transfers and taxes in interregional development, increasing the financial independence of local budgets and ensuring balance.
Collider Signatures of Coannihilating Dark Matter in Light of the B-Physics Anomalies
Creators: name: Baker, Michael J.
name: Faroughy, Darius A.
name: Trifinopoulos, Sokratis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by UV explanations of the $B$-physics anomalies, we study a dark sector containing a Majorana dark matter candidate and a coloured coannihilation partner, connected to the Standard Model predominantly via a $U_1$ vector leptoquark. A TeV scale $U_1$ leptoquark, which couples mostly to third generation fermions, is the only successful single-mediator description of the $B$-physics anomalies. After calculating the dark matter relic surface, we focus on the most promising experimental avenue: LHC searches for the coloured coannihilation partner. We find that the coloured partner hadronizes and forms meson-like bound states leading to resonant signatures at colliders reminiscent of the quarkonia decay modes in the Standard Model. By recasting existing dilepton and monojet searches we exclude coannihilation partner masses less than 280 GeV and 400 GeV, respectively. Since other existing collider searches do not significantly probe the parameter space, we propose a new dedicated search strategy for pair production of the coloured partner decaying into $bbττ$ final states and dark matter particles. This search is expected to probe the model up to dark matter masses around 600 GeV with current luminosity.
description: 31 pages, 7 figures
Geodesics From Classical Double Copy
Creators: name: Gonzo, Riccardo
name: Shi, Canxin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the Kerr-Schild double copy to the case of a probe particle moving in the Kerr-Schild background. In particular, we solve Wong's equations for a test color charge in a Coulomb non-Abelian potential ($\sqrt{\text{Schw}}$) and on the equatorial plane for the potential generated by a rotating disk of charge known as the single copy of the $\text{Kerr}$ background ($\sqrt{\text{Kerr}}$). The orbits, as the corresponding geodesics on the gravity side, feature elliptic, circular, hyperbolic and plunge behaviour for the charged particle. We then find a new double copy map between the conserved charges on the gauge theory side and the gravity side, which enables us to fully recover geodesic equations for Schwarzschild and Kerr. Interestingly, the map works naturally for both bound and unbound orbits.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures; v2: published version
Rückfall nach strafrechtlicher Sanktionierung in Deutschland
Creators: name: Tetal, Carina
Publisher: name: Forum Verlag Godesberg
Year: 2020
Subjects: Rückfall
Sanktion
Wirkung der Sanktion
Straftat
Delikt
Vorregistrierungen

description: Rückfallraten unterscheiden sich stark, je nachdem welche Tätergruppe betrachtet wird. Abhängig von der begangenen Straftat, ist eine Wiederverurteilung mehr oder weniger wahrscheinlich. Auch einschlägige Rückfallraten, eine Wiederverurteilung wegen einer Straftat aus derselben Deliktsgruppe, sind je nach Ausgangsdelikt sehr unterschiedlich. Weitere Faktoren, darunter insbesondere die Legalbiographie, haben starken Einfluss auf die Rückfallwahrscheinlichkeit. Bei Ersttätern kommt es deutlich seltener zu einer Wiederverurteilung als bei mehrfach vorbestraften Tätern. Betrachtet man alleine den Zusammenhang von Sanktion und Rückfall, so scheint es, dass Freiheitsstrafen mehr Rückfülle produzieren als Geldstrafen und dass nach stationären Strafen das Rückfallrisiko größer ist als nach ambulanten Strafen. Es stellt sich die Frage, ob dieser Unterschied der Rückfallraten tatsächlich auf die Art der Sanktion zuruckzuführen ist.
Pose Estimation and 3D Reconstruction of Vehicles from Stereo-Images Using a Subcategory-Aware Shape Prior
Creators: name: Coenen, Max
name: Rottensteiner, Franz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The 3D reconstruction of objects is a prerequisite for many highly relevant applications of computer vision such as mobile robotics or autonomous driving. To deal with the inverse problem of reconstructing 3D objects from their 2D projections, a common strategy is to incorporate prior object knowledge into the reconstruction approach by establishing a 3D model and aligning it to the 2D image plane. However, current approaches are limited due to inadequate shape priors and the insufficiency of the derived image observations for a reliable alignment with the 3D model. The goal of this paper is to show how 3D object reconstruction can profit from a more sophisticated shape prior and from a combined incorporation of different observation types inferred from the images. We introduce a subcategory-aware deformable vehicle model that makes use of a prediction of the vehicle type for a more appropriate regularisation of the vehicle shape. A multi-branch CNN is presented to derive predictions of the vehicle type and orientation. This information is also introduced as prior information for model fitting. Furthermore, the CNN extracts vehicle keypoints and wireframes, which are well-suited for model-to-image association and model fitting. The task of pose estimation and reconstruction is addressed by a versatile probabilistic model. Extensive experiments are conducted using two challenging real-world data sets on both of which the benefit of the developed shape prior can be shown. A comparison to state-of-the-art methods for vehicle pose estimation shows that the proposed approach performs on par or better, confirming the suitability of the developed shape prior and probabilistic model for vehicle reconstruction.
On the Moduli Space of non-BPS Attractors for N=2 Symmetric Manifolds
Creators: name: Ferrara, S.
name: Marrani, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the ``flat'' directions of non-BPS extremal black hole attractors for N=2, d=4 supergravities whose vector multiplets' scalar manifold is endowed with homogeneous symmetric special Kahler geometry. The non-BPS attractors with non-vanishing central charge have a moduli space described by real special geometry (and thus related to the d=5 parent theory), whereas the moduli spaces of non-BPS attractors with vanishing central charge are certain Kahler homogeneous symmetric manifolds. The moduli spaces of the non-BPS attractors of the corresponding N=2, d=5 theories are also indicated, and shown to be rank-1 homogeneous symmetric manifolds.
description: 1+11 pages, 4 Tables
Störungen kognitiver Leistungsfähigkeit älterer Straftäter im Strafvollzug - Ergebnisse eines Pilotprojektes und praktische Implikationen aus gerontologischer Perspektive
Creators: name: Verhülsdonk, Sandra
Publisher: name: Forum Verlag Godesberg
Year: 2020
Subjects: Kognitive Dysfunktion
Lebensältere Straftäter

description: Im Rahmen des demographischen Wandels hat auch die Anzahl älterer Menschen im Strafvollzug deutlich zugenommen. Im Zeitraum von 1993 bis 2014 ist die Zahl der über 60- Jährigen Inhaftierten in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland von 506 auf 2246 gestiegen. Es liegen bislang nur vereinzelt Daten dazu vor, inwieweit dieser Anstieg auch mit einer Zunahme alterstypischer Einschränkungen einhergeht. Bisherige, fast ausschließlich internationale Studien verweisen auf einen schlechteren Gesundheitszustand sowie ein erhöhtes Vorliegen verschiedener Risikofaktoren für die Entwicklung demenzieller Syndrome bei älteren Strafgefangenen. Die Frage nach der Prävalenz kognitiver Störungen bleibt für den Strafvollzug im deutschsprachigen Raum bislang unbeantwortet. Berücksichtigt man den mit kognitiven Einschränkungen einhergehenden Bedarf an Unterstützung und Behandlung, ist die Frage nach der Prävalenz solcher Defizite für die Beschäftigten wie auch die Verantwortlichen in den Institutionen relevant. Methode: Mit Unterstützung des Justizministeriums NW führt die Abteilung Gerontopsychiatrie des LVR-Klinikums Düsseldorf ein Pilotprojekt zu der Fragestellung durch. Dabei wurden in fünf Vollzugsanstalten alle über 60-Jährigen Inhaftierten um eine Teilnahme gebeten, in deren Rahmen eine Evaluation des kognitiven und affektiven Status mittels standardisierter Verfahren erfolgte. Daneben wurden biographischen und gesundheitsbezogenen Faktoren besondere Beachtung geschenkt. Ergebnis / Diskussion: Es wurden die Daten von 58 Inhaftierten analysiert. Neben der differenzierten Darstellung der untersuchten Stichprobe besonders auf die Parameter der kognitiveren Leistungsfähigkeit eingegangen: Die bisher gesammelten Erfahrungen geben Hinweis auf eine erhöhte Prävalenz kognitiver Dysfunktionen, die je nach Instrument bei bis zu 60 % in der untersuchten Stichprobe liegen. Damit wird weiterer Forschungsbedarf an der stetig wachsenden Gruppe lebensälterer Straftäter deutlich, daneben ergeben sich Implikationen für die Einrichtungen des Strafvollzugs. So erscheint es sinnvoll, ein kognitives, funktionales und affektives Screening in die medizinische Versorgung zu implementieren. Daneben sollte das Personal für das Thema sensibilisiert und im Umgang mit älteren, kognitiv eingeschränkten Inhaftierten geschult werden.
Cyberstalking - Rechtliche Einordnung für Deutschland und Österreich und empirische Erkenntnisse
Creators: name: Zähringer, Ulrike
name: Bergmann, Marie Christine
Publisher: name: Forum Verlag Godesberg
Year: 2020
Subjects: Cyberstalking
Stalking
Schülerbefragung
Nachstellung

description: Obwohl in den letzten Jahren das Phänomen der Viktimisierung im bzw. über das Internet verstärkt Aufmerksamkeit erhielt, z.B. in den Bereichen Bullying oder Hate Speech, gibt es erstaunlicherweise zum Cyberstalking noch relativ wenige Erkenntnisse. Dies erstaunt umso mehr, als es bereits seit 2017 einen eigenen Paragraphen „Nachstellung“ (§ 238 StGB) gibt, der 2017 hinsichtlich der Tatbestandsvoraussetzungen nochmals deutlich erweitert wurde und nunmehr nicht mehr als Erfolgs-, sondern als Eignungsdelikt ausgestaltet ist. Das Problemfeld ist also schon einige Zeit bekannt, gleichwohl scheinen die „modernen“ Tatmodalitäten im wissenschaftlichen Kontext noch weitgehend unerforscht zu sein. Cyberstalking stellt die ungewollte Kontaktaufnahme mittels elektronischer oder internetfähiger Hilfsmittel dar, z.B. über Email, Messenger, in Chaträumen, Apps oder Foren (Reynes et al., 2011; Nobles et al., 2014). In diesem Beitrag wird zunächst eine rechtliche Einordnung des Phänomens gegeben und anschließend Daten einer Schülerbefragung präsentiert. Die Auswertungen basieren auf einer Erhebung, die im Jahr 2017 durchgeführt wurde (N= 8.938). Anhand von Selbsteinschätzungen der Schülerinnen und Schüler werden verschiedene Ausprägungen von Cyberstalking dargestellt, ebenso Informationen zum Täter-Opfer-und dem Geschlechter-Verhältnis.
Machine Learning for Conservative-to-Primitive in Relativistic Hydrodynamics
Creators: name: Dieselhorst, Tobias
name: Cook, William
name: Bernuzzi, Sebastiano
name: Radice, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The numerical solution of relativistic hydrodynamics equations in conservative form requires root-finding algorithms that invert the conservative-to-primitive variables map. These algorithms employ the equation of state of the fluid and can be computationally demanding for applications involving sophisticated microphysics models, such as those required to calculate accurate gravitational wave signals in numerical relativity simulations of binary neutron stars. This work explores the use of machine learning methods to speed up the recovery of primitives in relativistic hydrodynamics. Artificial neural networks are trained to replace either the interpolations of a tabulated equation of state or directly the conservative-to-primitive map. The application of these neural networks to simple benchmark problems shows that both approaches improve over traditional root finders with tabular equation-of-state and multi-dimensional interpolations. In particular, the neural networks for the conservative-to-primitive map accelerate the variable recovery by more than an order of magnitude over standard methods while maintaining accuracy. Neural networks are thus an interesting option to improve the speed and robustness of relativistic hydrodynamics algorithms.
description: 17 pages, 12 figures, 2 tables