cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
1999 NORTH DAKOTA AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK: REPRESENTATIVE FARMS 1999-2008
Creators: name: Koo, Won W.
name: Taylor, Richard D.
name: Swenson, Andrew L.
name: Duncan, Marvin R.
name: Koo, Won W.
name: Taylor, Richard D.
name: Swenson, Andrew L.
name: Duncan, Marvin R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Farm Management
subject: Net Farm Income
subject: Debt-to-asset Ratios
subject: Cropland Prices
subject: Land Rental Rates
subject: Farm Operating Expenses
subject: Capitalization Rate

description: Net farm income for most representative farms in 2008 will be higher than in 1999. However, low profit farms, which consist of 25% of the farms in the study, may have a negative net farm income throughout the forecasting period and may not have financial resiliency to survive. This is true under both optimistic and pessimistic scenarios. All farms except low profit farms may do well under the optimistic scenario, while only high profit farms may be able to survive under the pessimistic scenario. Cropland prices are projected to remain constant. Cash rental rates are projected to fall slightly. Debt-to-asset ratios for most farms will remain unchanged throughout the forecast period. Debt-to-asset ratios for the low profit and small size farms are higher than those for large and high profit farms. Under the optimistic scenario, all North Dakota farms, except for the low profit farm, fair well. Under the pessimistic scenario, only the high profit farm maintains its net income at a level close to the 1998 level.
Decay of metastable current states in one-dimensional resonant tunneling devices
Creators: name: Tretiakov, O. A.
name: Matveev, K. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Current switching in a double-barrier resonant tunneling structure is studied in the regime where the current-voltage characteristic exhibits intrinsic bistability, so that in a certain range of bias two different steady states of current are possible. Near the upper boundary V_{th} of the bistable region the upper current state is metastable, and because of the shot noise it eventually decays to the stable lower current state. We find the time of this switching process in strip-shaped devices, with the width small compared to the length. As the bias V is tuned away from the boundary value V_{th} of the bistable region, the mean switching time τincreases exponentially. We show that in long strips \lnτ\propto (V_{th} -V)^{5/4}, whereas in short strips \lnτ\propto (V_{th} -V)^{3/2}. The one-dimensional geometry of the problem enables us to obtain analytically exact expressions for both the exponential and the prefactor of τ. Furthermore, we show that, depending on the parameters of the system, the switching can be initiated either inside the strip, or at its ends.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures, update to published version
Layer-Wise Adaptive Updating for Few-Shot Image Classification
Creators: name: Qin, Yunxiao
name: Zhang, Weiguo
name: Wang, Zezheng
name: Zhao, Chenxu
name: Shi, Jingping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Few-shot image classification (FSIC), which requires a model to recognize new categories via learning from few images of these categories, has attracted lots of attention. Recently, meta-learning based methods have been shown as a promising direction for FSIC. Commonly, they train a meta-learner (meta-learning model) to learn easy fine-tuning weight, and when solving an FSIC task, the meta-learner efficiently fine-tunes itself to a task-specific model by updating itself on few images of the task. In this paper, we propose a novel meta-learning based layer-wise adaptive updating (LWAU) method for FSIC. LWAU is inspired by an interesting finding that compared with common deep models, the meta-learner pays much more attention to update its top layer when learning from few images. According to this finding, we assume that the meta-learner may greatly prefer updating its top layer to updating its bottom layers for better FSIC performance. Therefore, in LWAU, the meta-learner is trained to learn not only the easy fine-tuning model but also its favorite layer-wise adaptive updating rule to improve its learning efficiency. Extensive experiments show that with the layer-wise adaptive updating rule, the proposed LWAU: 1) outperforms existing few-shot classification methods with a clear margin; 2) learns from few images more efficiently by at least 5 times than existing meta-learners when solving FSIC.
Noise Thermal Impedance of a Diffusive Wire
Creators: name: Reulet, B.
name: Prober, D. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The current noise density S of a conductor in equilibrium, the Johnson noise, is determined by its temperature T: S=4kTG with G the conductance. The sample's noise temperature Tn=S/(4kG) generalizes T for a system out of equilibrium. We introduce the "noise thermal impedance" of a sample as the amplitude of the oscillation of Tn when heated by an oscillating power. For a macroscopic sample, it is the usual thermal impedance. We show for a diffusive wire how this (complex) frequency-dependent quantity gives access to the electron-phonon interaction time in a long wire and to the diffusion time in a shorter one, and how its real part may also give access to the electron-electron inelastic time. These times are not simply accessible from the frequency dependence of S itself.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
How Haptics and Drawing Enhance the Learning of Anatomy
Creators: name: Reid, Steve
name: Shapiro, Leonard
name: Louw, Graham
Publisher: name: University of Cape Town
Year: 2020
Subjects: Anatomy

description: Students’ engagement with two‐dimensional (2D) representations as opposed to three‐dimensional (3D) representations of anatomy such as in dissection, is significant in terms of the depth of their comprehension.This qualitative study aimed to understand how students
learned anatomy using observational and drawing activities that included touch, called haptics. Five volunteer second year medical students at the University of Cape Town participated in a six‐day educational intervention in which a novel “haptico‐visual observation and drawing” (HVOD) method was employed. Data were collected through individual interviews as well as a focus group discussion. The HVOD method was successfully applied by all the participants, who reported an improvement of their cognitive understanding and memorization of the 3D form of the anatomical part. All the five participants described the development of a “mental picture” of the object as being central to “deep learning.” The use of the haptic senses coupled with the simultaneous act of drawing enrolled sources of information that were reported by the participants to have enabled better memorization. We postulate that the more sources of information about an object, the greater degree of complexity could be appreciated, and therefore the more clearly it could be captured and memorized. The inclusion of haptics has implications for cadaveric dissection versus non‐cadaveric forms of learning.
Stata Log file for "Exploring Political Personalities: The Microfoundation of Local Innovation in China"
Creators: name: Lewis, Orion
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: 160512 Social Policy
subject: 160505 Economic Development Policy

description: Log files that provide the detailed steps that I went through to generate the statistical analysis detailed in our manuscript "Exploring Political Personalities: the Microfoundation of Local Innovation in China." These logs can be used to replicate our analysis. Please forgive any faulty or roundabout coding. Most of the steps are described in the log file.
Evolution of Group-Theoretic Cryptology Attacks using Hyper-heuristics
Creators: name: Craven, Matthew J.
name: Woodward, John R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 20P05, 68W30, 90C27, 94A60

description: In previous work, we developed a single Evolutionary Algorithm (EA) to solve random instances of the Anshel-Anshel-Goldfeld (AAG) key exchange protocol over polycyclic groups. The EA consisted of six simple heuristics which manipulated strings. The present work extends this by exploring the use of hyper-heuristics in group-theoretic cryptology for the first time. Hyper-heuristics are a way to generate new algorithms from existing algorithm components (in this case the simple heuristics), with the EAs being one example of the type of algorithm which can be generated by our hyper-heuristic framework. We take as a starting point the above EA and allow hyper-heuristics to build on it by making small tweaks to it. This adaptation is through a process of taking the EA and injecting chains of heuristics built from the simple heuristics. We demonstrate we can create novel heuristic chains, which when placed in the EA create algorithms which out-perform the existing EA. The new algorithms solve a markedly greater number of random AAG instances than the EA for harder instances. This suggests the approach could be applied to many of the same kinds of problems, providing a framework for the solution of cryptology problems over groups. The contribution of this paper is thus a framework to automatically build algorithms to attack cryptology problems.
description: 16 pages
Heat Stress in Chickens: Implications for Gut Health and Dietary Interventions with Photo biotics
Creators: name: Reshma M. M.*, Ashly Mathew and Ayana Valsaraj
Publisher: name: The Science world a Monthly e magazine
Year: 2024

description: Heat stress (HS) occurs when an animal generates more heat than it can effectively release into its surrounding environment. The discrepancy can arise from fluctuations in a blend of environmental factors (such as sunlight, thermal irradiation, air temperature, humidity, and movement) and attributes of the animal (including species, gender, and metabolic rate) (Akbarian et al., 2016). Increased environmental temperatures have notable adverse impacts on productivity, feed consumption, growth performance, meat production, welfare, and mortality rates in contemporary broiler chickens. Different managerial and nutritional approaches have been suggested to alleviate the adverse impacts of HS in chickens, with indications of potential effectiveness in plant-based additives. The term phytogenic feed additives (PFA) refers to a diverse array of bioactive substances derived from plants, such as herbs, spices, extracts, and essential oils, which are included in animal diets (Windisch et al., 2008). Adding phytobiotics to the diet positively impacts gastrointestinal health and function, enhances nutrient digestibility, influences gut microbiota, boosts the immune system, improves oxidative status, and enhances the growth performance of both broilers and laying hens (Abdelli et al., 2021).
What is CPR and Its Importance to the Brazilian Agriculture Finance
Creators: name: Spolador, Humberto Francisco Silva
name: Ponchio, Leandro Augusto
name: Spolador, Humberto Francisco Silva
name: Ponchio, Leandro Augusto
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Agricultural Finance

description: In the eighties, when several economic crises forced the public sector to reduce its budget and caused the bankruptcy of the credit system in Brazilian agriculture, a new instrument was developed: CPR (certificate of rural product). This paper presents a discussion of what is CPR, how this new instrument of credit has been developed and how it is important for producers to finance their activities.
A Comparison of Risk and Return Characteristics of Efficient Crop Portfolios for the Brown Soil Zones Saskatchewan and Mecklenburg, Germany
Creators: name: Schoney, Richard A.
name: Moeller, Christof
name: Schoney, Richard A.
name: Moeller, Christof
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: risk and return
subject: EV model
subject: Saskatchewan and German grain farms

description: Two efficient farms are constructed for the brown soils of Saskatchewan, Canada and for Mecklenburg, Germany based on producer panels. Both farms feature highly integrated cropping systems which take advantage of cropping synergies. However, farm risk is inherently different between the two because differences in 1) climate that gives rise to very different yield risk and cost structure, and 2) EU programs which offer fixed cash payments and stable sugar beet prices. As expected, risk is much higher for the Saskatchewan case farm - it has a chance of a negative cash flow of approximately one year in five. In sharp contrast, the Mecklenburg has very little chance of generating a negative cash flow. Hence, it is easy to understand why crop insurance and other risk reducing types of programs have long been popular in Saskatchewan grain and oilseed price and yield risk make for a very real possibility of cash shortfalls on even the most efficient farm with moderate debt. On the other hand, there is little need for such risk reducing programs by efficient German farms because risk remains relatively low unless he/she is financially imprudent. Moving to higher farmland rents associated with an equilibrated land market or removing government payments increases risk considerably, but still at levels well below those of the Saskatchewan case farm.
Modified Bohmian quantum potential due to the second quantization of Schrodinger equation
Creators: name: Jamali, Mohammad
name: Golshani, Mehdi
name: Jamali, Yousef
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A causal interpretation of the quantum world needs second quantization in order to cover phenomena like creation and annihilation of particles, and this leads to quantum field theory. The causal effects of the second quantization can be described through a new quantum potential. In this article we have dealt with the second quantization of Schrodinger and its effects on the path of a particle. This generalization leads to a modified Schrodinger which affects the particle through a modified quantum potential and a new term in the continuity equation. We have shown that these effects can provide a framework for the explanation of the creation and annihilation phenomena and other effects of quantum field theory on the development of a particle.
description: 8 pages, This manuscript has been published in Heliyon as ,SupA, of article entitled ,A proposed mechanism for mind-brain interaction using extended Bohmian quantum mechanics in Avicenna's monotheistic perspective
Benediktinerabtei Ottobeuren (Hrsg.); Ottobeuren. Barocke Bildwelt des Klostergebäudes in Malerei und Plastik
Creators: name: Pozsgai, Martin
Publisher: name: Journal für Kunstgeschichte
Year: 2024

description: Rezension zu: Benediktinerabtei Ottobeuren (Hrsg.); Ottobeuren. Barocke Bildwelt des Klostergebäudes in Malerei und Plastik; bearb. von Gabriele Dischinger, Cordula Böhm, Anna Bauer-Wild, Rupert Prusinovsky OSB, fotogr. von Kai-Uwe Nielsen; Sankt Ottilien: EOS-Verlag 2014; 608 S., 2 Bände im Schuber; ISBN 978-3-8306-7658-4
description: Journal für Kunstgeschichte, Bd. 24 Nr. 2 (2020): Journal für Kunstgeschichte
Testing a Performance Measurement Framework for Agri-Food Supply Chains
Creators: name: Aramyan, Lusine H.
name: Oude Lansink, Alfons G.J.M.
name: Van Kooten, Olaf
name: Aramyan, Lusine H.
name: Oude Lansink, Alfons G.J.M.
name: Van Kooten, Olaf
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: agri-food chain
subject: indicator
subject: performance
subject: case study

description: Measurement of entire supply chain performance is an important issue, because it allows for "tracking and tracing" of efficacy and efficiency failures and leads to more informed decision-making with regards to chain organization. The ultimate aim of implementing a performance measurement system is to improve the performance of the organization. If supply chains can get their performance measurement right, the data they generate will tell them where they are, how they are doing, and where they are going. The choice of appropriate supply chain performance indicators is rather complicated due to presence of multiple inputs and multiple outputs in the system. This issue becomes even more problematic in the field of food and agribusiness due to specific characteristics of agri-food supply chains. These difficulties require a shift in the focus of performance evaluation and benchmarking from characterising performance in terms of single measures to evaluating performance in a multidimensional systems perspective. Efforts as well as progress have been made in this area but supply chain performance measurement received little attention in the field of food and agribusiness. This paper presents a conceptual framework for selection performance measurement indicators for agri-food supply chain. Four main categories of performance measures are identified as necessary components in agri-food supply chain performance measurement system. Each category contains set of performance indicators. Case study research has been designed in Dutch tomato supply chain to test the proposed conceptual framework.
Photocarrier Injection and Current-Voltage Characteristics of a La0.8Sr0.2MnO3/SrTiO3:Nb Heterojunction at Low Temperature
Creators: name: Muramatsu, Takaki
name: Muraoka, Yuji
name: Hiroi, Zenji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An epitaxial heterojunction made of a p-type perovskite manganite La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 film and an n-type strontium titanate SrTiO3:Nb substrate has been fabricated by the pulsed laser deposition technique. The I - V characteristics and photovoltaic properties are measured under a UV light irradiation in a wide temperature range down to 10 K. It is found that the junction works as an efficient UV photodiode with a large external quantum efficiency of 28%. It is also demonstrated that the manganite film can be doped with a certain amount of holes by the photcarrier injection. The maximum surface hole density is estimated to b 3.0 X 10^13 cm^-2.
Reducing Nutrient Losses in Europe and Implications for Farming - In the Light of the Water Framework Directive
Creators: name: Jacobsen, Brian H.
name: Abildtrup, Jens
name: Orum, Jens Erik
name: Jacobsen, Brian H.
name: Abildtrup, Jens
name: Orum, Jens Erik
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Water Framework Directive
subject: Reducing Nutrient losses
subject: cost effective measures

description: An analysis for the implementation of the Nitrate Directive in the EU indicates that probably only three of 15 countries have implemented the directive satisfactorily. These countries are Sweden, Finland, Denmark and Austria, however other countries are in the process of getting their implementation accepted. As an example, the Netherlands has been forced to abandon the MINAS system in order to get its implementation accepted by the EU. The continues by describing the costs related to implementation of the Aquatic Plan II in Denmark. The costs have been calculated to 70 million - or 2,0 - per kg N in reduced leaching. The farmers have paid 60% of the costs. The paper then describes the measures taken in Denmark and the associated costs for the state and the farmers. The next challenge for European farmers is the Water Framework Directive (WFD) with high environmental goals where only a slight deviation from the natural state is accepted. This might have a great affect on farming especially in livestock intensive countries and regions in Europe. The paper describes an example of a regional analysis covering the River Basin of Ringkøbing Fjord in Denmark, which indicates the calculations needed to find the measures and costs in order to comply with parts of the WFD. The analysis show that the geographical position of the measures are very important in order to achieve the expected nutrient reduction. The current income varies a lot in the River basin and this might also influence where to find the most cost effective location of measures. The WFD covers all water and the task of finding the most cost efficient combinations of measures to achieve the goals for streams, lakes, fjords and groundwater will clearly be a challenge. The paper concludes that exceptions from the WFD will have to be based on well founded cost-benefit analyses.
Kgl. fulm. thv Boecks løkke paa Hegdehaugen ved Kristiania. Her i 1te etage boed Boeck selv og her samled han sit bibliotek, som nu er i Videnskabernes Selskab. I 2d etage boed Ingvald Undset i mange aar i sine studenterdage, her skrev han bl.a. sin doktorafhandling "Jernalderens Begyndelse i Nordeuropa".
Creators: name: Mathiesen, Henrik
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1881
Subjects: Udefinert

description: Thorvald Boeck.
description: Tegning. Kolor .
Untitled Item
Creators: name: Lewis, Orion
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: 160512 Social Policy
subject: 160505 Economic Development Policy

description: Log files that provide the detailed steps that I went through to generate the statistical analysis detailed in our manuscript "Exploring Political Personalities: the Microfoundation of Local Innovation in China." These logs can be used to replicate our analysis. Please forgive any faulty or roundabout coding. Most of the steps are described in the log file.
A Review of Pentaquark Calculations on the Lattice
Creators: name: Liu, Keh-Fei
name: Mathur, Nilmani
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review lattice calculations of pentaquarks and discuss issues pertaining to interpolation fields, distinguishing the signal of pentaquarks from those of the KN scattering states, chiral symmetry, and ghost state contaminations.
description: Talk at International Conference on QCD and Hadronic Physics, 8 pages, 3 figures
A polarization study of the supernova remnant CTB 80
Creators: name: Li, Xianghua
name: Sun, Xiaohui
name: Reich, Wolfgang
name: Gao, Xuyang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a radio polarization study of the supernova remnant CTB 80 based on images at 1420 MHz from the Canadian Galactic plane survey, at 2695 MHz from the Effelsberg survey of the Galactic plane, and at 4800 MHz from the Sino-German 6cm polarization survey of the Galactic plane. We obtained a rotation measure (RM) map using polarization angles at 2695 MHz and 4800 MHz as the polarization percentages are similar at these two frequencies. RM exhibits a transition from positive values to negative values along one of the shells hosting the pulsar PSR B1951+32 and its pulsar wind nebula. The reason for the change of sign remains unclear. We identified a partial shell structure, which is bright in polarized intensity but weak in total intensity. This structure could be part of CTB 80 or part of a new supernova remnant unrelated to CTB 80.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in RAA
Milk Production Strategies for Farmers in the EU Under New Policy Regulations
Creators: name: Fuchs, Clemens
name: Fuchs, Clemens
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: CAP-Reform
subject: milk production
subject: optimal investment strategies
subject: Monte Carlo simulation

description: The recent reform of the agricultural policy in the EU provides totally new frame conditions for farmers. Main components of the reform are the decoupling of direct payments and particular for dairy farmers the reduction of intervention prices for milk products such as butter and SMP. The objective of this analysis is to develop strategies for dairy farmers considering the initial situation of four typical farm sizes at different productivity levels, debt-to-equity ratios and risk attitudes. The uncertainty of the price development for milk itself as well as for milk quotas will be covered using Monte Carlo simulations. Due to decreasing intervention prices profitability of milk production is endangered in most dairy farms and the values of assets will decrease. For most low to medium efficient dairy farms it was found, that selling the cow herd and the reference quantity immediately would yield highest values for net worth. If the current favourable situation for selling the reference quantity is missed, continual production would be better. For the remaining dairy farms it is most important to uncover all resources to improve efficiency by reducing production costs and increasing milk yields. These farmers can wait with further investments until milk quota prices have settled on the expected lower level. Only high efficient dairy farmers, normally with higher milk yields and the advantage of econo-mies of scale can get profit from further milk production. The micro economic analysis derived from the typical farms concludes that quota is not longer limiting factor in all regions as long as there is still surplus of milk in EU and prices for dairy products on world markets are relatively low.
Economical Evaluation through Gross Profit and Cash Flow in Different Beef Cattle Systems in Rio Grande Do Sul
Creators: name: Silveira, Vicente Celestino Pires
name: Viana, Joao Garibaldi Almeida
name: De Oliveira, Carolina Balbe
name: Vargas, Adriana Ferreira Da Costa
name: Silveira, Vicente Celestino Pires
name: Viana, Joao Garibaldi Almeida
name: De Oliveira, Carolina Balbe
name: Vargas, Adriana Ferreira Da Costa
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: beef cattle systems
subject: gross profit
subject: cash flow

description: Beef cattle production is suffering numerous difficulties in productive and economical terms in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Expanding new markets, competition with other meats, external competition through imported Mercosul beef, new growth and slaughter processes bring new challenges to the Brazilian livestock production. In the case of Rio Grande do Sul, another factor to be considered is the competition with Central States in the internal market. Meat prices received by farmers in the last years stayed constant, but prices of the main production inputs are still rising. This scenery brought continuous income decrease to the beef cattle farmers. As a result, many farmers are selling part of their lands or leaving beef cattle production. This paper aims to compare gross income and cash flows in three farms with different beef cattle systems during the years of 2003 and 2004, as well as analysing the cost percentage of different inputs necessary to the production systems. The farms are located in different regions: Campanha, Depressão Central and Fronteira Oeste, representing important agricultural production regions in the in Rio Grande do Sul state. The results show that without technological modernisation in beef cattle production systems and integration with agriculture, it becomes difficult to remunerate all the production factors. Planning allows a better income distribution, reducing the months of negative cash flow. However, the low profit per area demonstrates the gravity of the economical situation of beef cattle farmers in Rio Grande do Sul.
Robust multivariate methods in Chemometrics
Creators: name: Filzmoser, Peter
name: Serneels, Sven
name: Maronna, Ricardo
name: Croux, Christophe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62H12, 62H25, 62H30

description: This chapter presents an introduction to robust statistics with applications of a chemometric nature. Following a description of the basic ideas and concepts behind robust statistics, including how robust estimators can be conceived, the chapter builds up to the construction (and use) of robust alternatives for some methods for multivariate analysis frequently used in chemometrics, such as principal component analysis and partial least squares. The chapter then provides an insight into how these robust methods can be used or extended to classification. To conclude, the issue of validation of the results is being addressed: it is shown how uncertainty statements associated with robust estimates, can be obtained.
description: This article is an update of: P. Filzmoser, S. Serneels, R. Maronna, P.J. Van Espen, 3.24 - Robust Multivariate Methods in Chemometrics, in Comprehensive Chemometrics, 1st Edition, edited by Steven D. Brown, Rom\'a Tauler, Beata Walczak, Elsevier, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-044452701-1.00113-7
Power expansions for solution of the fourth-order analog to the first Painlevé equation
Creators: name: Kudryashov, Nikolai A.
name: Efimova, Olga Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the fourth-order analog to the first Painlevé equation is studied. All power expansions for solutions of this equation near points $z=0$ and $z=\infty$ are found by means of the power geometry method. The exponential additions to the expansion of solution near $z=\infty$ are computed. The obtained results confirm the hypothesis that the fourth-order analog of the first Painlevé equation determines new transcendental functions.
description: 28 pages, 5 figures
Pion-photon exchange nucleon-nucleon potentials
Creators: name: Kaiser, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate in chiral perturbation theory the dominant next-to-leading order correction to the $πγ$-exchange NN-potential proportional to the large isovector magnetic moment $κ_v = 4.7$ of the nucleon. The corresponding spin-spin and tensor potentials $\widetilde V_{S,T}(r)$ in coordinate space have a very simple analytical form. At long distances $r \simeq 2$ fm these potentials are of similar size (but opposite in sign) as the leading order $πγ$-exchange potentials. We consider also effects from virtual $Δ$-isobar excitation as well as other isospin-breaking contributions to the $2π$-exchange NN-potential induced by additional one-photon exchange.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev. C (2006) Brief Reports
How Best to Compare Low and High Input Pastoral Systems
Creators: name: Shadbolt, Nicola M.
name: Holmes, Colin
name: De Machado, Maria Buron
name: Silva-Villacorta, David
name: Shadbolt, Nicola M.
name: Holmes, Colin
name: De Machado, Maria Buron
name: Silva-Villacorta, David
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: New Zealand dairy farm systems are changing. The traditional seasonal all-pasture system reliant on rainfall for success is now but one of a range of systems adopted by farmers, others include various levels of nitrogen fertiliser and introduced feed, both on and off farm, split calving systems and once-a-day milking. Despite these changes pasture is a critical input to almost all systems so pasture growth and utilisation are still key factors in successful dairy farm businesses. The dilemma for the dairy industry is whether or not such changes are threatening New Zealand's coveted position as a low cost producer of milk able to compete in global markets. There is also some confusion of how to define a high input system due to the fact that all the current systems have evolved from a pasture-based system. Recently two students at Massey University, New Zealand, analysed the same dataset of dairy farm data, each for slightly different reasons. The conclusions drawn from their research differed with respect to the impact of intensification on farm performance. The reason their results differed was that they used different approaches to measure the impact of intensification; each approach was soundly based on a logical argument so, in isolation, could not be faulted. This paper has been written to consolidate these results and to attempt to provide some rationale for the differing approaches taken and some direction in their interpretation and comparison for farm decision makers.
Provision of Livestock as a Catalyst for Improved Income Generation on Small Farms in Western Kenya
Creators: name: Juma, Alfred
name: Roberts, Tim
name: Juma, Alfred
name: Roberts, Tim
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Kenya
subject: smallholders
subject: womens groups
subject: livestock
subject: pass on
subject: micro-credit

description: Many of the Groups supported had humble origins. Some were originally formed by women who got together because of their desperate situation and started 'merry go rounds' by which they each contributed a small amount of money each month and then supported members in turn either in a crisis situation or for a particular need - eg school fees. As they developed self confidence and improved their well being in a small way, so ngos such as SACHKWR have been able to build on their strengths and support them in the next step towards self sustainability. The challenge now is to ensure that as SACHKWR move on and support other communities that they are able to continue on their own with the minimum of outside support. To this end it is hoped that one of the SACHKWR staff will shortly visit Tanzania where the HEIFER International organization has developed one of the most effective 'exit strategies' within their African programmes. Based on his observations the programme will be adapted to fit the Kenya situation. This is the immediate challenge facing the SACHKWR team.
Evaluating the Impact of Alternative Agricultural Policy Scenarios on Multifunctionality: A Case Study of Finland
Creators: name: Lehtonen, Heikki
name: Lankoski, Jussi E.
name: Niemi, Jyrki S.
name: Lehtonen, Heikki
name: Lankoski, Jussi E.
name: Niemi, Jyrki S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: This paper provides first results of the sector-model approach to analysing the effects of alternative policy scenarios on the multifunctional role of Finnish agriculture. In terms of environmental non-commodity outputs, this study focuses on nutrient runoffs, landscape diversity and biodiversity. As regards other non-commodity outputs, the paper considers rural socio-economic viability. The results suggest that, on the whole, reform of the common agricultural policy is not likely to result in any drastic decline of agricultural production in Finland. The amount of green fallow will increase considerably when agricultural support payments are decoupled from production, and as a result the remaining cultivated agricultural land will become biologically richer. The agricultural labour force is likely to decrease substantially irrespective of agricultural policy. The study concludes that the credibility of the production economics and biological relationships of the economic model determine the validity of the results of the many indicators examined. Further, the economic logic of microeconomic simulation models provides a consistent assessment of the many aspects of multifunctionality.
Kristiania, vinterbillede. Seet fra Hovedøen. Billedet tør være enestaaende som illustration fra hovedstaden, i en svunden tid. I den strenge snøvinter 1877/78 var byen i flere maandeder afskaaren fra sjøverts kommunikation, der blev losset og lasset ved iskant ved Ildjernet, tildels ved Drøbak. Skøitebanen var anlagt nedenfor Akershus og holdtes bare med møie aaben. Bastionerne og bygningerne nedre volds paa Akershus er forlængst ganske forandret.
Creators: name: Mathiesen, Henrik
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1878
Subjects: Udefinert

description: Vinteren 1877-78. Det forsvunne Kristiania.
description: Original.
Asteroseismology of the Beta Cephei star Nu Eridani -- IV. The 2003-4 multisite photometric campaign and the combined 2002-4 data
Creators: name: Jerzykiewicz, M.
name: Handler, G.
name: Shobbrook, R. R.
name: Pigulski, A.
name: Medupe, R.
name: Mokgwetsi, T.
name: Tlhagwane, P.
name: Rodriguez, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The second multisite photometric campaign devoted to Nu Eri is reported. For Nu Eri, analysis of the new data adds four independent frequencies to the nine derived previously from the 2002-3 data, three in the range from 7.20 to 7.93 c/d, and a low one, equal to 0.614 c/d. Combining the new and the old data results in two further independent frequencies, equal to 6.7322 and 6.2236 c/d. Altogether, the oscillation spectrum is shown to consist of 12 high frequencies and two low ones. The latter have u amplitudes about twice as large as the v and y amplitudes, a signature of high radial-order g modes. Thus, the suggestion that Nu Eri is both a Beta Cephei and an SPB star, put forward on the basis of the first campaign's data, is confirmed. Nine of the 12 high frequencies form three triplets, of which two are new. The triplets represent rotationally split l=1 modes, although in case of the smallest-amplitude one this may be questioned. Mean separations and asymmetries of the triplets are derived with accuracy sufficient for meaningful comparison with models. The first comparison star, Mu Eri, is shown to be an SPB variable with an oscillation spectrum consisting of six frequencies, three of which are equidistant in period. The star is also found to be an eclipsing variable. The eclipse is a transit, probably total, the secondary is fainter than the primary by several magnitudes, and the system is widely detached. The second comparison star, Xi Eri, is confirmed to be a Delta Scuti variable. To the frequency of 10.8742 c/d seen already in the first campaign's data, another one, equal to 17.2524 c/d, is added.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures, MNRAS, in press
Graphene encapsulation enabled three-dimensional chemical mapping of liquid specimens at near-atomic resolution
Creators: name: Qiu, Shi
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mechanical Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering

description: This thesis reports a novel method to prepare liquid specimens for atom probe tomography (APT) by graphene encapsulation, and demonstrates direct imaging of nanoparticles and biomolecules in their hydrated state with APT, as well as extends the graphene encapsulation method to achieve high-throughput APT imaging. The proposed graphene encapsulation method lays the foundation for a new route to analyze materials atom-by-atom in a controlled liquid environment.
Generalized Parton Distributions -- theoretical review --
Creators: name: Müller, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this talk an introduction to generalized parton distributions is given. Recent developments are shortly reviewed, including non-perturbative calculations, phenomenological aspects and evaluation of higher order perturbative and power corrections.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
Multilateral Market-Access Reforms of the Doha Round: A Preliminary Assessment of Implications for EU Agricultural Trade
Creators: name: Yu, Wusheng
name: Jensen, Hans Grinsted
name: Yu, Wusheng
name: Jensen, Hans Grinsted
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: The July package of the Doha Round of trade negotiations stipulates that a tiered-formula approach should be used to significantly reduce market access barriers across countries, implying that the EU would have to make larger cuts to its high external tariffs, in comparison with many other WTO members such as the US. This paper provides a preliminary assessment of the likely impact of the tiered-formula reform approach on EU agricultural sectors. Numerical simulations of a multilateral market-access reform scenario show that such cuts would lead to across-the-board decreases in intra-EU trade flows, as compared with a baseline projection. While intra-EU trade flows would decrease, the EU's trade with the rest of the world would increase. Yet such increases would not be symmetric - imports into the EU would increase more than exports, resulting in larger external trade deficits or smaller external trade surpluses in many EU agricultural products. Further, the resulting adjustments in member states' production and net trade positions are not equal: the new member states would generally lose part of their export shares in the EU market to external competitors, as highlighted in the cases of bovine meat and dairy products. Finally, simulation results show that although EU welfare as a whole improves, the distribution of such gains across EU member states is uneven. EU-15 countries generally gain from improved efficiency as a result of the reform. The new member states, however, will only experience marginal efficiency improvements but will likely suffer terms-of-trade losses, thereby losing some of the related benefits of joining the EU (as projected in the baseline case).
Conformal Rule-Based Multi-label Classification
Creators: name: Hüllermeier, Eyke
name: Fürnkranz, Johannes
name: Mencia, Eneldo Loza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We advocate the use of conformal prediction (CP) to enhance rule-based multi-label classification (MLC). In particular, we highlight the mutual benefit of CP and rule learning: Rules have the ability to provide natural (non-)conformity scores, which are required by CP, while CP suggests a way to calibrate the assessment of candidate rules, thereby supporting better predictions and more elaborate decision making. We illustrate the potential usefulness of calibrated conformity scores in a case study on lazy multi-label rule learning.
Confined Phase In The Real Time Formalism And The Fate Of The World Behind The Horizon
Creators: name: Furuuchi, Kazuyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the real time formulation of finite temperature field theories, one introduces an additional set of fields (type-2 fields) associated to each field in the original theory (type-1 field). In hep-th/0106112, in the context of the AdS-CFT correspondence, Maldacena interpreted type-2 fields as living on a boundary behind the black hole horizon. However, below the Hawking-Page transition temperature, the thermodynamically preferred configuration is the thermal AdS without a black hole, and hence there are no horizon and boundary behind it. This means that when the dual gauge theory is in confined phase, the type-2 fields cannot be associated with the degrees of freedom behind the black hole horizon. I argue that in this case the role of the type-2 fields is to make up bulk type-2 fields of classical closed string field theory on AdS at finite temperature in the real time formalism.
description: v2: cases divided into sections with more detailed explanations. considerably enlarged with examples and a lot of figures. sec 4.1.2 for general closed cut-out circuits and appendix A for a sample calculation newly added. many minor corrections and clarifying comments. refs added. v3: refs and related discussion added. 1+46 pages, 26 figures. published version
Improvement by laser quenching of an "atom diode": a one-way barrier for ultra-cold atoms
Creators: name: Ruschhaupt, A
name: Muga, J G
name: Raizen, M G
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Different laser devices working as ``atom diodes'' or ``one-way barriers'' for ultra-cold atoms have been proposed recently. They transmit ground state level atoms coming from one side, say from the left, but reflect them when they come from the other side. We combine a previous model, consisting of the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) from the ground to an excited state and a state-selective mirror potential, with a localized quenching laser which produces spontaneous decay back to the ground state. This avoids backwards motion, provides more control of the decay process and therefore a more compact and useful device.
description: 6 pages
Invisible scars : the feminist rhetoric of Valie Export
Creators: name: Adams, Gwendolyn Marilyn
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Valie Export is one of Austria's leading multimedia artists. This thesis explores her feminist rhetoric as expressed in the body of her artistic and cinematic works during the 1960s and 1970s. I recount the artistic development of Export through her association with the Viennese Actionists (1964-1969) and the multimedia artist Peter Weibel. In this thesis I attempt to distinguish Export's unique brand of feminism from that prevalent in America and the rest of Europe by placing it within the regional and historical context of post-Nazi Austria. Valie Export used her body to present images meant to challenge contemporary Austria's strict gender roles and conservative artistic traditions. Export's feminism has often fuelled debate around the question: if all women could relate to being powerless individuals in society, could they understand the implications of being victims of fascism? A lucid narrative of Export's feminist aesthetic emerges when examining works like Tapp und Tast Kino (Tap and Touch Cinema) (1968) and Aktionshose: Genitalpanik (Actionpants: Genitalpanic) (1968). I expand upon why Export used powerful images in her actions to shock her viewers out of their state of indifference. My thesis also explores why Export pushed her body to physical extremes to stress the importance of her feminist aesthetic during the 1970s. I examine Export's involvement in performance art through two, of what she labels, body-material interactions entitled Eros/ion (1971) and Hyperhulie (Hyperbole) (1973). In these actions I consider the masochistic bond between performer and viewer as more than a 'Contract with the Skin' as expressed by the art historian Kathy O'Dell. Finally, I reveal Export's preoccupation with Freud's studies of female hysteria and psychoneuroses as found throughout her most influential film entitled Unsichtbare Gegner (Invisible Adversary) (1976). Anna, the film's main protagonist, is revealed to embody the myth of the psychotic Viennese woman, simultaneously revealing that she is an allegory for the struggle of Austrian feminists against the Nazis ideal of womanhood, and an icon for women's alleged inability to be separated from sign and meaning. The last chapter of this thesis examines how Anna is continually looking for objective validation of her subjective perceptions. In view of this, Export's film is an especially poignant investigation into the multi-layering of visual signs and codes. Finally, what emerges during the course of this film is that invisible adversaries are eventually made visible. Export opened up questions and challenges with this film to probe inter-human relations, their social encodedness and cultural language, which communicated not only a sense of social alienation, but also a troubled post-war Austrian society.