cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Faraday effect revisited: General theory
Creators: name: Cornean, Horia D.
name: Nenciu, G.
name: Pedersen, Thomas G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper is the first in a series revisiting the Faraday effect, or more generally, the theory of electronic quantum transport/optical response in bulk media in the presence of a constant magnetic field. The independent electron approximation is assumed. At zero temperature and zero frequency, if the Fermi energy lies in a spectral gap, we rigorously prove the Widom-Streda formula. For free electrons, the transverse conductivity can be explicitly computed and coincides with the classical result. In the general case, using magnetic perturbation theory, the conductivity tensor is expanded in powers of the strength of the magnetic field $B$. Then the linear term in $B$ of this expansion is written down in terms of the zero magnetic field Green function and the zero field current operator. In the periodic case, the linear term in $B$ of the conductivity tensor is expressed in terms of zero magnetic field Bloch functions and energies. No derivatives with respect to the quasi-momentum appear and thereby all ambiguities are removed, in contrast to earlier work.
description: Final version, accepted for publication in J. Math. Phys
Additional file 1 of Gut microbiota regulation of T lymphocyte subsets during systemic lupus erythematosus
Creators: name: Lian, Fen-Ping
name: Zhang, Fen
name: Zhao, Chun-Miao
name: Wang, Xu-Xia
name: Bu, Yu-Jie
name: Cen, Xing
name: Zhao, Gui-Fang
name: Zhang, Sheng-Xiao
name: Chen, Jun-Wei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Supplementary Material 1.
Environmental controls on African rainfall variability
Creators: name: Zhao, Siyu
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2023
Subjects: African rainfall
Convective-permitting modeling
Walker circulation
Lake Chad
Extreme precipitation
Global warming

description: Local African communities heavily depend on rain-fed agriculture, which are vulnerable to the impacts of extreme weather and climate variability/change. However, challenges remain in predicting African rainfall. For instance, climate models with cumulus convective parametrization lack the ability to explicitly simulate mesoscale convective systems that produce much of the total rainfall over West Africa. This study aims to improve our understanding of African rainfall variability, using state-of-the-art rainfall observations and convective-permitting (CP) ensemble simulations. This work is organized into three research projects. In the first project, we evaluate the influence of Walker circulations on East African Rainfall. Three Walker circulations are identified near East Africa, namely, the East African, the Indian Ocean, and the Congo Basin Walker Circulations. Less (more) precipitation occurs over equatorial East Africa during October – December with a strong (weak) Indian Ocean Walker Circulation. The rainfall anomalies are associated with anomalous mid-level divergence over equatorial East Africa that is likely induced by horizontal moist static energy advection. In the second project, we investigate how the observed shrinkage of Lake Chad since the 1970s affects the local climate using CP simulations. A smaller lake area enhances the local precipitation by limiting the spatial extent of daytime lake breezes, which would otherwise induce low-level subsidence/divergence and suppress local afternoon rainfall. In addition, a shallow planetary boundary layer over the large lake weakens turbulent vertical mixing, reducing low- to mid-level humidity and the likelihood of convection triggering compared to the small lake. In the third project, we analyze the roles of thermodynamic and dynamic controls on intense storms over the West African Sahel with climate change. Future-Warming simulations are run with initial/boundary conditions prescribed by the current-climate data plus CMIP6 multi-model mean anomalies. The 99th (99.9th) 24-hr precipitation increases from 42 (77) mm in the current climate to 59 (104) mm in the future over the analysis region (12°N-18°N, 9°W-20°E). Increased low-tropospheric moisture (gradient) is more closely associated with this rainfall intensification than enhanced low- to mid- level vertical wind shear. Both moisture and shear conditions are related to the storm area and propagating speed that affect local rainfall accumulation.
On majorization and range inclusion of operators on Hilbert $C^*$-modules
Creators: name: Fang, Xiaochun
name: Moslehian, Mohammad Sal
name: Xu, Qingxiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46L08, 47A05

description: It is proved that for adjointable operators $A$ and $B$ between Hilbert $C^*$-modules, certain majorization conditions are always equivalent without any assumptions on $\overline{\mathcal{R}(A^*)}$, where $A^*$ denotes the adjoint operator of $A$ and $\overline{\mathcal{R}(A^*)}$ is the norm closure of the range of $A^*$. In the case that $\overline{{\mathcal R}(A^*)}$ is not orthogonally complemented, it is proved that there always exists an adjointable operator $B$ whose range is contained in that of $A$, whereas the associated equation $AX=B$ for adjointable operators is unsolvable.
description: 9 pages, to appear in Linear Multilinear Algebra
Thermal Characterization of Microscale Heat Convection under Rare Gas Condition by a Modified Hot Wire Method
Creators: name: Gao, Jianshu
name: Yue, Yanan
name: Xie, Danmei
name: Xiong, Yangheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As power electronics shrinks down to sub-micron scale, the thermal transport from a solid surface to environment becomes significant. Under circumstances when the device works in rare gas environment, the scale for thermal transport is comparable to the mean free path of molecules, and is difficult to characterize. In this work, we present an experimental study about thermal transport around a microwire in rare gas environment by using a steady state hot wire method. Unlike conventional hot wire technique of using transient heat transfer process, this method considers both the heat conduction along the wire and convection effect from wire surface to surroundings. Convection heat transfer coefficient from a platinum wire in diameter 25 um to air is characterized under different heating power and air pressures to comprehend the effect of temperature and density of gas molecules. It is observed that convection heat transfer coefficient varies from 14 Wm-2K-1 at 7 Pa to 629 Wm-2K-1 at atmosphere pressure. In free molecule regime, Nusselt number has a linear relationship with inverse Knudsen number and the slope of 0.274 is employed to determined equivalent thermal dissipation boundary as 7.03E10-4 m. In transition regime, the equivalent thermal dissipation boundary is obtained as 5.02E10-4 m. Under a constant pressure, convection heat transfer coefficient decreases with increasing temperature, and this correlation is more sensitive to larger pressure. This work provides a pathway for studying both heat conduction and heat convection effect at micro/nanoscale under rare gas environment, the knowledge of which is essential for regulating heat dissipation in various industrial applications.
Infrared observations of serendipitous hard Chandra X-ray sources
Creators: name: Crawford, C. S.
name: Fabian, A. C.
name: Gandhi, P.
name: Wilman, R. J.
name: Johnstone, R. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present observations of a sample of optically-faint, hard X-ray sources of the kind likely to be responsible for much of the hard X-ray background. We confirm that such sources are easily detected in the near-infrared, and find that they have a featureless continuum suggesting that the active nucleus is heavily obscured. The infrared colours of the majority of the targets observed are consistent with absorbed elliptical host galaxies at z=1-2. It is likely that we are observing some of the brighter members of the important new class of X-ray Type II quasars.
description: Submitted to MNRAS. 15 pages, 10 figures (2 of which are included as separate files)
title: Ανάλυση εργασιακής αφοσίωσης με χρήση Λογιστικής Παλινδρόμησης και fsQCA
title: Analysis of employee loyalty using Logistic Regression and fsQCA
Creators: name: Πιαγκου Μαρια
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2024

description: Σκοπός της παρούσας διπλωματικής εργασίας, είναι η ανάλυση της επίδρασης μιας ομάδας κριτηρίων στην εργασιακή αφοσίωση (employee loyalty), μέσω της χρήσης ποιοτικής συγκριτικής ανάλυσης και ασαφών συνόλων (fs/QCA) και λογιστικής παλινδρόμησης (logistic regression). Η μέθοδος fs/QCA βασίζεται στην θεωρία των ασαφών συνόλων και της άλγεβρας Boole για να εντοπίσει, αν ορισμένοι παράγοντες, ή συνδυασμοί αυτών, είναι παρόντες ή απόντες, όταν ένα εξεταζόμενο φαινόμενο συμβαίνει ή όχι. Με άλλα λόγια, εντοπίζει τις αιτιώδεις συνθήκες ή συνδυασμούς αυτών που είναι ικανές να οδηγήσουν σε υψηλό αποτέλεσμα και τυχόν αναγκαίες συνθήκες για την παρουσία του αποτελέσματος. Παράλληλα στην εργασία γίνεται χρήση της λογιστικής παλινδρόμησης. Η μέθοδος αυτή χρησιμοποιείται, όταν η μεταβλητή που θέλουμε να προβλέψουμε είναι δυαδική. Συγκεκριμένα, είναι χρήσιμη για προβλέψεις που αφορούν την αναγνώριση πιθανών παραγόντων που επηρεάζουν την εμφάνιση ή μη, της εν λόγω μεταβλητής. Στην συγκεκριμένη περίπτωση μελετάμε την μεταβλητή της εργασιακής αφοσίωσης-employee loyalty (την παραμονή ή όχι στην εργασία) και την σημαντικότητα των κριτηρίων σχετικά με αυτή. Ο στόχος είναι να προκύψουν λογικά αποτελέσματα που να αντικατοπτρίζουν αποτελεσματικά την εργασιακή αφοσίωση και τα κριτήρια που την επηρεάζουν. Τα δεδομένα που θα χρησιμοποιηθούν προέρχονται από την ιστοσελίδα Kununu, και η έρευνα επικεντρώνεται στις κριτικές των υπαλλήλων σχετικά με την εργασιακή εμπειρία από μεγάλη αλυσίδα σουπερμάρκετ.
description: The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the impact of a set of criteria on employee loyalty using qualitative comparative analysis and fuzzy sets/QCA, along with logistic regression. The fs/QCA method is based on the theory of fuzzy sets and Boolean algebra to identify whether specific factors or combinations thereof are present or absent when a particular phenomenon occurs or not. In other words, it identifies causal conditions or combinations capable of leading to a high outcome and any necessary conditions for the presence of the result. Additionally, logistic regression is used in this study. This method is applied when the variable we want to predict is binary. Specifically, it is useful for predictions regarding the identification of potential factors influencing the presence or absence of the variable. In this case, we examine the variable of employee loyalty (remaining or not in the workplace) and the significance of the criteria related to it. The goal is to obtain logical results that effectively reflect employee loyalty and the criteria that affect it. The data used are sourced from the Kununu website, focusing on employee reviews regarding work experience within a large supermarket chain.
Seismic traveltime inversion in three-dimensional heterogeneous media
Creators: name: Finn, Christopher Jude, 1960-
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 1990
Subjects: subject: Seismic traveltime inversion
subject: Specular reflection events
subject: Seismic waves
subject: B-spline functions
subject: Velocity
subject: Earth models
subject: Marine data
subject: Seismic traveltime inversion
subject: Seismic waves
subject: Specular reflectance

description: The measured traveltimes of specular reflection events are inverted to obtain a low spatial frequency, three-dimensional model of the reflector geometry and the compressional wave propagation speed. B-spline functions are used to describe the shapes of the interfaces and the lateral variations in velocity. The inversion is performed by optimizing a maximum likelihood criterion using a Newton based iteration. Model updates are obtained by iterative forward modeling and solution of the linearized equation set derived from the maximum likelihood criterion. In the forward problem, the ray tracing equations are solved as a two point boundary value problem with appropriate internal boundary conditions at velocity discontinuities. Analytic expressions for the Frechet derivatives necessary to obtain the model updates are given. Conventional methods are compared to the traveltime inversion technique using synthetic examples. For a relatively simple earth model containing only moderate lateral velocity variations hyperbolic moveout analysis followed by a Dix inversion produces a biased estimate of the velocity and depth. This is a consequence of the simplifying assumptions of the method. In this case, the more general traveltime analysis provides a better result. This is also true for a more complex earth model containing lateral velocity variations and interfaces with large dips and curvatures where the conventional methods fail badly. Picked traveltimes are used as the data in the inversion although the use of the data semblance or the stack power along the predicted traveltime trajectory is also explored. These criterion are shown to be more nonlinear than the least-squares data residual measure. Thus, it is difficult to converge to a global minimum using these criterion and more accurate initial guesses are necessary. An application of the traveltime inversion technique to a 3D marine data set is presented. In this application the effects of the seismic source and the recording system on the measured traveltimes are estimated. The time delay between the first break and the main pulse of the minimum phase source wavelet and the effect of the ghost reflections from the free surface are compensated for in the prediction of the measured traveltimes
A scattering of orders
Creators: name: Abraham, Uri
name: Bonnet, Robert
name: Cummings, James
name: Dzamonja, Mirna
name: Thompson, Katherine
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A linear ordering is scattered if it does not contain a copy of the rationals. Hausdorff characterised the class of scattered linear orderings as the least family of linear orderings that includes the class of well-orderings and reversed well-orderings, and is closed under lexicographic sums with index set in . More generally, we say that a partial ordering is -scattered if it does not contain a copy of any -dense linear ordering. We prove analogues of Hausdorff's result for -scattered linear orderings, and for -scattered partial orderings satisfying the finite antichain condition. We also study the -scattered partial orderings, where is the saturated linear ordering of cardinality , and a partial ordering is -scattered when it embeds no copy of . We classify the -scattered partial orderings with the finite antichain condition relative to the -scattered linear orderings. We show that in general the property of being a -scattered linear ordering is not absolute, and argue that this makes a classification theorem for such orderings hard to achieve without extra set-theoretic assumptions.
Selective control of vortex polarities by microwave field in two robustly synchronized spin-torque nano-oscillators
Creators: name: Li, Yi
name: de Milly, Xavier
name: Klein, Olivier
name: Cros, Vincent
name: Grollier, Julie
name: de Loubens, Grégoire
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Manipulating operation states of coupled spin-torque nano-oscillators (STNOs), including their synchronization, is essential for applications such as complex oscillator networks. In this work we experimentally demonstrate selective control of two coupled vortex STNOs through microwave-assisted switching of their vortex core polarities. First, the two oscillators are shown to synchronize due to dipolar interaction in a broad frequency range tuned by external biasing field. Coherent output is demonstrated along with strong linewidth reduction. Then, we show individual vortex polarity control of each oscillator, which leads to synchronization/desynchronization due to accompanied frequency shift. Our methods can be easily extended to multiple-element coupled oscillator networks.
Influence of the carrier reservoir dimensionality on electron-electron scattering in quantum dot materials
Creators: name: Wilms, Alexander
name: Mathé, Peter
name: Schulze, Franz
name: Koprucki, Thomas
name: Knorr, Andreas
name: Bandelow, Uwe
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: quantum dots
subject: Coulomb scattering
subject: quasi-Monte Carlo
subject: 81V65
subject: 65C05
subject: 73.21.La
subject: 73.63.Kv.

description: We calculated Coulomb scattering rates from quantum dots (QDs) coupled to a 2D carrier reservoir and QDs coupled to a 3D reservoir. For this purpose, we used a microscopic theory in the limit of Born-Markov approximation, in which the numerical evaluation of high dimensional integrals is done via a quasi-Monte Carlo method. Via a comparison of the so determined scattering rates, we investigated the question whether scattering from 2D is generally more efficient than scattering from 3D. In agreement with experimental findings, we did not observe a significant reduction of the scattering efficiency of a QD directly coupled to a 3D reservoir. In turn, we found that 3D scattering benefits from it?s additional degree of freedom in the momentum space.
Time-varying Extremum Graphs
Creators: name: Das, Somenath
name: Sridharamurthy, Raghavendra
name: Natarajan, Vijay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce time-varying extremum graph (TVEG), a topological structure to support visualization and analysis of a time-varying scalar field. The extremum graph is a substructure of the Morse-Smale complex. It captures the adjacency relationship between cells in the Morse decomposition of a scalar field. We define the TVEG as a time-varying extension of the extremum graph and demonstrate how it captures salient feature tracks within a dynamic scalar field. We formulate the construction of the TVEG as an optimization problem and describe an algorithm for computing the graph. We also demonstrate the capabilities of \TVEG towards identification and exploration of topological events such as deletion, generation, split, and merge within a dynamic scalar field via comprehensive case studies including a viscous fingers and a 3D von Kármán vortex street dataset.
A dearth of OH/IR stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud
Creators: name: Goldman, Steven R.
name: van Loon, Jacco Th.
name: Gómez, José F.
name: Green, James A.
name: Zijlstra, Albert A.
name: Nanni, Ambra
name: Imai, Hiroshi
name: Whitelock, Patricia A.
name: Groenewegen, Martin A. T.
name: Oliveira, Joana M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of targeted observations and a survey of 1612-, 1665-, and 1667-MHz circumstellar OH maser emission from asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars and red supergiants (RSGs) in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), using the Parkes and Australia Telescope Compact Array radio telescopes. No clear OH maser emission has been detected in any of our observations targeting luminous, long-period, large-amplitude variable stars, which have been confirmed spectroscopically and photometrically to be mid- to late-M spectral type. These observations have probed 3 - 4 times deeper than any OH maser survey in the SMC. Using a bootstrapping method with LMC and Galactic OH/IR star samples and our SMC observation upper limits, we have calculated the likelihood of not detecting maser emission in any of the two sources considered to be the top maser candidates to be less than 0.05%, assuming a similar pumping mechanism as the LMC and Galactic OH/IR sources. We have performed a population comparison of the Magellanic Clouds and used Spitzer IRAC and MIPS photometry to confirm that we have observed all high luminosity SMC sources that are expected to exhibit maser emission. We suspect that, compared to the OH/IR stars in the Galaxy and LMC, the reduction in metallicity may curtail the dusty wind phase at the end of the evolution of the most massive cool stars. We also suspect that the conditions in the circumstellar envelope change beyond a simple scaling of abundances and wind speed with metallicity.
title: ADCO, Grènetier de Cîteaux : comptes (1499-1503) (11 H 1173), f. 00257
Creators: name: de la Côte-d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Petot, Frédéric
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CBMA/CG21/F.PETOT/2019
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: comptes
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: Grènetier de Cîteaux : comptes (1499-1503), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, (11 H 1173). Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Grènetier de Cîteaux : comptes (1499-1503), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, (11 H 1173), f. 00257, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https://manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
Regge Trajectories Revisited in the Gauge/String Correspondence
Creators: name: Zayas, Leopoldo A. Pando
name: Sonnenschein, Jacob
name: Vaman, Diana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We attempt to obtain realistic glueball Regge trajectories from the gauge/string correspondence. To this end we study closed spinning string configurations in two supergravity backgrounds: Klebanov-Strassler (KS) and Maldacena-Nunez (MN) which are dual to confining gauge theories. These backgrounds represent two embeddings of N=1 SYM, in the large rank limit, in string theory. The classical configuration we consider is that of a folded closed string spinning in a supergravity region with vanishing transverse radius (τ= 0) which is dual to the IR of the gauge theory. Classically, a spinning string yields a linear Regge trajectory with zero intercept. By performing a semi-classical analysis we find that quantum effects alter both the linearity of the trajectory and the vanishing classical intercept: J:=α(t)= α_0 + α' t +β\sqrt{t}. Two features of our Regge trajectories are compatible with the experimental Pomeron trajectory: positive intercept and positive curvature. The fact that both KS and MN string backgrounds give the same functional expression of the Regge trajectories suggests that in fact we are observing string states dual to N=1 SYM.
description: v2: new section 3.3.2, section 3.4 modified, clarifications on quantization included, references added; 53pp
title: Employing integrated electromagnetic induction sensors for soil characterization under different land use conditions
Creators: name: Mensah, Clinton
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04haebc03
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2023

description: This study was conducted to explore the possibility of predicting soil moisture content (SMC) in podzolic soils in western Newfoundland using multi-coil (MC) and multi-frequency (MF) electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensors. Two studies were conducted to assess the effectiveness of apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) from both MC and MF EMI sensors in characterizing SMC. The first study focused on employing MF-EMI in characterizing SMC under three different land uses in western Newfoundland’s podzolic soils. The second study assessed effectiveness of ECa obtained from the MC and MF-EMI sensors to maximize the representation of SMC taking into consideration organic matter, bulk density and texture using a statistical and geostatistical analysis. Geostatistical analysis from the first study revealed that cokriging of SMC with densely collected ECa provided an improved characterization accuracy of soil moisture variability across the different land use conditions. The second study found that multiple linear regression (MLR) models were effective in representing SMC variations. Additionally, MC-EMI sensors provided better predictions of SMC than MF-EMI sensors. The findings from this study demonstrate that EMI has the potential to provide an accurate and robust technique for predicting soil moisture in boreal podzolic soils. Furthermore, it is worth noting that the surveys were performed during the wet period, given that MF–EMI is more reliable for ECa variability in wet soils than in dry soils.
Realistic Interactions and Dilepton production off pp-collisions
Creators: name: de Jong, F.
name: Mosel, U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a model for dilepton production of proton-proton collisions using a realist T-matrix that by incorporating Delta-isobar degrees of freedom fits the NN-scattering data up to 2 GeV. The results we find differ in details from earlier work that use less sophisticated interactions but the overall agreement with these calculations is good.
description: 11 pages Revtex, 2 postscript figures included
A Remark on the Compactness for the Cahn-Hilliard Functional
Creators: name: Leoni, Giovanni
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this note we prove compactness for the Cahn–Hilliard functional without assuming coercivity of the multi-well potential.
The challenge of addressing the impact of China's crude steel production on climate change
Creators: name: Liao, Siang-Huei
name: 0009-0002-6541-0716
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2023
Subjects: Iron and steel industry
China's steel
Steel production
Carbon emission

description: As greenhouse gas emissions from human activities rise, they accumulate in the atmosphere, warm the climate, and lead to a variety of other effects around the planet. The iron and steel industry has played a crucial role in shaping the modern world as we know it today, and is indispensable material that has been instrumental in driving economic growth and development globally. However, it contributes broadly to the overall carbon footprint of the economy and its environmental impacts. Steel production requires a lot of energy and often makes up a large portion of a nation's energy consumption. This paper discusses the status of steelmaking in China, the current CO₂ intensity and emission rates, and the potential for advanced technologies and policies for reducing future emissions in the steel industry. Technologies include green hydrogen as a reducing agent, use of the direct reduced iron-electric arc furnace (DRI-EAF) process, and coupling with optimizing the EAF production process, blast furnace (BF) structure, and nuclear hydrogen transformation to reduce coal consumption. Moreover, the paper discusses where improvements in energy efficiency, steel recycling, carbon capture and storage, and alternative energy sources could help reduce carbon emissions in the long term. This research also analyzes existing policies and strategies that guide development of the iron and steel industry, and explores the CO₂ emissions from steel production. Proposed policy ideas for regulating or encouraging industry to decrease its contribution of CO₂ emissions, include financial incentives and support for enterprises adopting DRI-EAF steelmaking and hydrogen technology. China's commitment to low-carbon industrial development and green manufacturing is crucial to changing how steel is produced and the degree of emission reductions. A rapid change in the iron and steel industry is essential for sustainable development in the face of the climate crisis.
Dust Streamers in the Virgo Galaxy M86 from Ram Pressure Stripping of its Companion VCC 882
Creators: name: Elmegreen, D. M.
name: Elmegreen, B. G.
name: Chromey, F. R.
name: Fine, M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The giant elliptical galaxy M86 in Virgo has a ~28 kpc long dust trail inside its optical halo that points toward the nucleated dwarf elliptical galaxy, VCC 882. The trail seems to be stripped material from the dwarf. Extinction measurements suggest that the ratio of the total gas mass in the trail to the blue luminosity of the dwarf is about unity, which is comparable to such ratios in dwarf irregular galaxies. The ram pressure experienced by the dwarf galaxy in the hot gaseous halo of M86 was comparable to the internal gravitational binding energy density of the presumed former gas disk in VCC 882. Published numerical models of this case are consistent with the overall trail-like morphology observed here. Three concentrations in the trail may be evidence for the predicted periodicity of the mass loss. The evaporation time of the trail is comparable to the trail age obtained from the relative speed of the galaxies and the trail length. Thus the trail could be continuously formed from stripped replenished gas if the VCC 882 orbit is bound. However, the high gas mass and the low expected replenishment rate suggest that this is only the first stripping event. Implications for the origin of nucleated dwarf ellipticals are briefly discussed.
description: 22 pages, 7 figures, Astronomical Journal, August 2000, in press
Congo Basin rainfall variability with ENSO, global SST, and CESM2
Creators: name: Dallmann, Allysa R.
name: 0009-0008-6334-9513
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2023
Subjects: Congo Basin
ENSO
Rainfall variability
Climate
Central Africa

description: An analysis of the variability of rainfall over the Congo Basin is examined with the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), temporal correlations of sea surface temperatures (SST) through observations, and the Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2) Large Ensemble. Our understanding of rainfall variability over the Congo is limited and there is little knowledge about how rainfall variability is influenced by oceanic forcings, such as ENSO or other modes of SST variability. This is partly attributed to the decline of ground-based observations over the past decades. The objective of this work is to investigate this rainfall variability, and determine if there is a robust connection to these oceanic forcings. We discover that Congo rainfall correlates with neither phase of ENSO, but ENSO forced rainfall variability is observable in other well-documented regions of Africa. Neither do we discover a robust connection between Congo rainfall and global SSTs, however, do find for Eastern Africa rainfall variability and global SST. SST and rainfall correlations are evaluated for a robust signal between CESM2 and observations during the rainy season of September, October, and November. We discover that the two CESM2 simulations, coupled and atmosphere-only, have a higher magnitude of correlation relative to the observations, and the observations tend to disagree with one another. With the disagreement between the observations, it is challenging to identify a robust signal associated with Congo rainfall variability.
A study of isogeometric analysis for scalar convection-diffusion equations
Creators: name: John, Volker
name: Schumacher, Liesel
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Isogeometric analysis
subject: streamline upwind
subject: Petrov--Galerkin stabilization
subject: Hemker problem
subject: over- and undershoots
subject: sharpness of layers
subject: 65N30

description: Isogeometric Analysis (IGA), in combination with the Streamline Upwind Petrov--Galerkin (SUPG) stabilization, is studied for the discretization of steady-state convection-diffusion equations. Numerical results obtained for the Hemker problem are compared with results computed with the SUPG finite element method of the same order. Using an appropriate parameterization for IGA, the computed solutions are much more accurate than those obtained with the finite element method, both in terms of the size of spurious oscillations and of the sharpness of layers.
A unified framework for parabolic equations with mixed boundary conditions and diffusion on interfaces
Creators: name: Disser, Karoline
name: Meyries, Martin
name: Rehberg, Joachim
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Parabolic equations
subject: mixed boundary conditions
subject: dynamical boundary conditions
subject: Lipschitz domain
subject: degenerate diffusion
subject: surface diffusion
subject: power weights
subject: maximal parabolic Lp-regularity
subject: 35K20
subject: 35M13
subject: 35R05
subject: 35K65
subject: 35R01

description: In this paper we consider scalar parabolic equations in a general non-smooth setting with emphasis on mixed interface and boundary conditions. In particular, we allow for dynamics and diffusion on a Lipschitz interface and on the boundary, where diffusion coefficients are only assumed to be bounded, measurable and positive semidefinite. In the bulk, we additionally take into account diffusion coefficients which may degenerate towards a Lipschitz surface. For this problem class, we introduce a unified functional analytic framework based on sesquilinear forms and show maximal regularity for the corresponding abstract Cauchy problem.
A relation between Shannon-Weaver entropy and "theoretical dimension" for classes of smooth functions
Creators: name: Trgo, Aurelija
name: Wickerhauser, Mladen Victor.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Abstract: "Suppose that an infinite sequence is produced by independent trials of a random variable with a fixed distribution. The Shannon-Weaver entropy of the sequence determines the minimum bit rate needed to transmit the values of the sequence. We show that if the source distribution is highly concentrated, as is commonly observed in practice, then its entropy is equal to the logarithm of the theoretical dimension of the sequence. We conclude that the best-basis algorithm, which minimizes this theoretical dimension over a library of transformations, both chooses the transformation that yields best compression and also gives an estimate of the compression rate."
Tracing water through a forest root zone
Creators: name: King, Evan Robyn
name: 0009-0008-0337-344X
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2023
Subjects: Hydrology
Vadose zone
Weathered bedrock
Root water uptake

description: Recent critical zone studies have highlighted the important role that unsaturated weathered bedrock plays in the storage of plant available water, particularly during dry periods when incoming precipitation is limited. Unlike for soils, our knowledge of unsaturated water flowpaths within weathered bedrock, which may extend many meters into the subsurface before reaching the water table, are relatively unknown. In this study, we employed water stable isotopes to trace the fate of waters entering a steep, weathered bedrock-dominated hillslope in Northern California. We used a subsurface vadose zone monitoring system (VMS) that contains sets of flexible sensors and samplers within inclined sleeves to sample waters at discrete intervals down to 16.6 m depth to fresh bedrock. Additionally, we sampled several other water fluxes and reservoirs at the hillslope, including storm samples and tightly-held matrix waters. Previous studies at the site revealed a dynamic, seasonally wetting and drying subsurface in response to a Mediterranean-type climate of long, dry summers and cool, wet winters. Dynamic storage estimates and drilling campaigns show that roots may extend to 16 m depth, and likely play a role in the transmission of waters to groundwater and stream. We report the results of a tracer experiment, whereby a deuterated-water tracer was injected to the hillslope in May 2019 to simulate the last large storm of the wet season. We sampled waters transiting the unsaturated zone and monitored precipitation inputs for the three years following the tracer application to confidently detect the signal of the tracer to 4.7 m depth, with tracer signals sustained at a single depth interval for up to 21 months. We propose that mixing between dynamic and nondynamic waters within the weathered bedrock zone allows the persistence of the tracer signal through several dry seasons. We compare VMS extracted waters with cyrogenically extracted waters to show that isotopically distinct pools may exist within the hillslope. Finally, we explored how rooting depth may influence tracer transmission by simulating flow in the upper 10 m of our hillslope in HYDRUS-1D. We find that rooting depth may determine the extent to which the tracer is mixed with a nondynamic reservoir and the proportion of tracer that is extracted via transpiration.
Partially coherent twisted states in arrays of coupled phase oscillators
Creators: name: Omel'chenko, Oleh
name: Wolfrum, Matthias
name: Laing, Carlo
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: coupled oscillators
subject: Kuramoto model
subject: twisted states
subject: Ott/Antonsen
subject: Eckhaus bifurcation
subject: 34C15
subject: 37N20
subject: 37N25
subject: 05.45.Xt
subject: 89.75.Kd

description: We consider a one-dimensional array of phase oscillators with non-local coupling and a Lorentzian distribution of natural frequencies. The primary objects of interest are partially coherent states that are uniformly "twisted" in space. To analyze these we take the continuum limit, perform an Ott/Antonsen reduction, integrate over the natural frequencies and study the resulting spatio-temporal system on an unbounded domain. We show that these twisted states and their stability can be calculated explicitly. We find that stable twisted states with different wave numbers appear for increasing coupling strength in the well-known Eckhaus scenario. Simulations of finite arrays of oscillators show good agreement with results of the analysis of the infinite system.
Theoretical foundations of quantum hydrodynamics for plasmas
Creators: name: Moldabekov, Zh. A.
name: Bonitz, M.
name: Ramazanov, T. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Beginning from the semiclassical Hamiltonian, the Fermi pressure and Bohm potential for the quantum hydrodynamics application (QHD) at finite temperature are consistently derived in the framework of the local density approximation with the first order density gradient correction. Previously known results are revised and improved with a clear description of the underlying approximations. A fully non-local Bohm potential, which goes beyond of all previous results and is linked to the electron polarization function in the random phase approximation, for the QHD model is presented. The dynamic QHD exchange correlation potential is introduced in the framework of local field corrections, and considered for the case of the relaxation time approximation. Finally, the range of applicability of the QHD is discussed.
Which Neurons Matter in IR? Applying Integrated Gradients-based Methods to Understand Cross-Encoders
Creators: name: Vast, Mathias
name: Van Cooten, Basile
name: Soulier, Laure
name: Piwowarski, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With the recent addition of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), the scope and importance of Information Retrieval (IR) has expanded. As a result, the importance of a deeper understanding of IR models also increases. However, interpretability in IR remains under-explored, especially when it comes to the models' inner mechanisms. In this paper, we explore the possibility of adapting Integrated Gradient-based methods in an IR context to identify the role of individual neurons within the model. In particular, we provide new insights into the role of what we call "relevance" neurons, as well as how they deal with unseen data. Finally, we carry out an in-depth pruning study to validate our findings.
description: Accepted at ICTIR 2024
Supergravity Analysis of Hybrid Inflation Model from D3--D7 System
Creators: name: Koyama, Fumikazu
name: Tachikawa, Yuji
name: Watari, Taizan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The slow-roll inflation is a beautiful paradigm, yet the inflaton potential can hardly be sufficiently flat when unknown gravitational effects are taken into account. However, the hybrid inflation models constructed in D = 4 N = 1 supergravity can be consistent with N = 2 supersymmetry, and can be naturally embedded into string theory. This article discusses the gravitational effects carefully in the string model, using D = 4 supergravity description. We adopt the D3--D7 system of Type IIB string theory compactified on K3 x T^2/Z_2 orientifold for definiteness. It turns out that the slow-roll parameter can be sufficiently small despite the non-minimal Kahler potential of the model. The conditions for this to happen are clarified in terms of string vacua. We also find that the geometry obtained by blowing up singularity, which is necessary for the positive vacuum energy, is stabilized by introducing certain 3-form fluxes.
description: 21 pages; v3. a typo corrected, and some changes made in sections 4.1 and 4.2, accordingly
Adiabatic Floquet model for the optical response in femtosecond filaments
Creators: name: Hofmann, Michael
name: Brée, Carsten
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: light-matter interaction
subject: ab initio simulations
subject: metastable states
subject: strong-field ionization
subject: 31.15.A-
subject: 32.80.Rm
subject: 42.50.Ct
subject: 42.65.An

description: The standard model of femtosecond filamentation is based on phenomenological assumptions which suggest that the ionization-induced carriers can be treated as free according to the Drude model, while the nonlinear response of the bound carriers follows the all-optical Kerr effect. Here, we demonstrate that the additional plasma generated at a multiphoton resonance dominates the saturation of the nonlinear refractive index. Since resonances are not captured by the standard model, we propose a modification of the latter in which ionization enhancements can be accounted for by an ionization rate obtained from non-Hermitian Floquet theory. In the adiabatic regime of long pulse envelopes, this augmented standard model is in excellent agreement with direct quantum mechanical simulations. Since our proposal maintains the structure of the standard model, it can be easily incorporated into existing codes of filament simulation.
\textit{Ab Initio} results for the Static Structure Factor of the Warm Dense Electron Gas
Creators: name: Dornheim, Tobias
name: Groth, Simon
name: Bonitz, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The uniform electron gas at finite temperature is of high current interest for warm dense matter research. The complicated interplay of quantum degeneracy and Coulomb coupling effects is fully contained in the pair distribution function or, equivalently, the static strucutre factor. By combining exact quantum Monte Carlo results for large wave vectors with the long-range behavior from the Singwi-Tosi-Land-Sjölander approximation, we are able to obtain highly accurate data for the static structure factor over the entire $k$-range. This allows us to gauge the accuracy of previous approximations and discuss their respective shortcomings. Further, our new data will serve as valuable input for the computation of other quantities.
Non-equilibrium modifications of the nuclear equation of state
Creators: name: Fai, George
name: Danielewicz, Pawel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-equilibrium modifications of the nuclear equation of state are assessed in the framework of Extended Irreversible Thermodynamics. The expected size of the non-equilibrium corrections to quantities like the nuclear-matter incompressibility $K$ and the liquid-vapor critical temperature $T_c$ are compared to the uncertainties associated at present with the usual equilibrium values. The quantitative estimates are obtained in situations characterized by a stationary planar shear flow of realistic magnitude, or by a stationary temperature gradient.
description: 10 pages, latex, no figures
Synchrotron Emission from Hot Accretion Flows and the Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropy
Creators: name: Perna, Rosalba
name: Di Matteo, Tiziana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Current estimates of number counts of radio sources in the frequency range where the most sensitive Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) experiments are carried out significantly under-represent sources with strongly inverted spectra. Hot accretion flows around supermassive black holes in the nuclei of nearby galaxies are expected to produce inverted radio spectra by thermal synchrotron emission. We calculate the temperature fluctuations and power spectra of these sources in the Planck Surveyor 30 GHz energy channel, where their emission is expected to peak. We find that their potential contribution is generally comparable to the instrumental noise, and approaches the CMB anisotropy level at small angular scales. Forthcoming CMB missions, which will provide a large statistical sample of inverted-spectra sources, will be crucial for determining the distribution of hot accretion flows in nearby quiescent galactic nuclei. Detection of these sources in different frequency channels will help constrain their spectral characteristics, hence their physical properties.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ