cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Molecular mechanisms of ROS production and oxidative stress in diabetes
Creators: name: Fernandes Cruzat, Vinicius
Publisher: name: Torrens University Australia
Year: 2022
Subjects: Medical biochemistry - amino acids and metabolites

description: Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are known to be associated with the development of metabolic diseases, including diabetes. Oxidative stress, an imbalance between oxidative and antioxidative systems of cells and tissues, is a result of over production of oxidative-free radicals and associated reactive oxygen species (ROS). One outcome of excessive levels of ROS is the modification of the structure and function of cellular proteins and lipids, leading to cellular dysfunction including impaired energy metabolism, altered cell signalling and cell cycle control, impaired cell transport mechanisms and overall dysfunctional biological activity, immune activation and inflammation. Nutritional stress, such as that caused by excess high-fat and/or carbohydrate diets, promotes oxidative stress as evident by increased lipid peroxidation products, protein carbonylation and decreased antioxidant status. In obesity, chronic oxidative stress and associated inflammation are the underlying factors that lead to the development of pathologies such as insulin resistance, dysregulated pathways of metabolism, diabetes and cardiovascular disease through impaired signalling and metabolism resulting in dysfunction to insulin secretion, insulin action and immune responses. However, exercise may counter excessive levels of oxidative stress and thus improve metabolic and inflammatory outcomes. In the present article, we review the cellular and molecular origins and significance of ROS production, the molecular targets and responses describing how oxidative stress affects cell function including mechanisms of insulin secretion and action, from the point of view of possible application of novel diabetic therapies based on redox regulation.
Super-Terra dentro e fuori dalla zona abitabile
Creators: Laura Leonardi
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2022

Utilizzando il telescopio giapponese Subaru, è stata individuata una nuova super-Terra in orbita nei pressi della fascia abitabile attorno a Ross 508, una nana rossa ad appena 37 anni luce da noi, in direzione della costellazione del Serpente. La scoperta è riportata in un articolo firmato da ricercatori del Centro di astrobiologia degli Istituti nazionali di scienze naturali del Giappone
Role of Allostatic Load in Sociodemographic Patterns of Pain Prevalence in the U.S. Population
Creators: name: By, Kunthel
name: Slade, Gary D.
name: Sanders, Anne E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Persistent stressors associated with sociodemographic disadvantage exert a physiologic toll, labeled “allostatis load”, that contributes to disparities in some health conditions. We investigated the contribution of allostatic load to pain prevalence in US adults. Interviews with 14,184 adults in the 1999–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey asked about severe headache, pain that lasted >24 hours, and widespread pain. Ten biomarkers of allostatic load were quantified from blood (glycated hemoglobin), serum (C-reactive protein, homocysteine, cholesterol, triglycerides), urine (creatinine, albumin) and physical measurements (body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure). Log-binomial regression models estimated prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs). Prevalence ranged from 3.4% for widespread pain to 26.9% for pain >24 hours. After adjustment for demographic characteristics, low income was associated with greater prevalence of pain >24 hours (PR=1.65, 95%CI=1.49, 1.83), severe headache (PR=2.05, 95%CI=1.68, 2.50) and widespread pain (PR=3.67, 95%CI=2.56, 5.27). Racial/ethnic minorities had lower prevalence of all three pain conditions than non-Hispanic Whites. While greater allostatic load was associated with elevated prevalence of pain, allostatic load did not meaningfully attenuate prevalence ratios associated with income or race/ethnicity. We conclude that greater pain prevalence among low income groups is not explained by greater allostatic load.
Augmented Central Pain Processing in Vulvodynia
Creators: name: Gracely, Richard H.
name: Clauw, Daniel J.
name: Harris, Richard E.
name: Hampson, Johnson P.
name: Reed, Barbara D.
name: Haefner, Hope K.
name: Bhavsar, Rupal
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Vulvodynia (VVD) is a chronic pain disorder, wherein women display sensitivity to evoked stimuli at the vulva and/or spontaneous vulvar pain. Our previous work suggests generalized hyperalgesia in this population, however little is known about central neurobiological factors that may influence pain in VVD. Here we investigated local (vulvar) and remote (thumb) pressure evoked pain processing in 24 VVD patients compared to 13 age-matched, pain-free healthy controls (HC). As a positive control we also examined thumb pressure pain in 24 fibromyalgia (FM) patients. The VVD and FM patients displayed overlapping insular brain activations that were greater than HC, in response to thumb stimulation (P<0.005 corrected). Compared to HC, VVD participants displayed greater levels of activation during thumb stimulation within the insula, dorsal mid-cingulate, posterior cingulate and thalamus (P<0.005 corrected). Significant differences between VVD subgroups (primary versus secondary and provoked versus unprovoked) were seen within the posterior cingulate with thumb stimulation, and within the precuneus region with vulvar stimulation (provoked versus unprovoked only). The augmented brain activation in VVD patients in response to a stimulus remote from the vulva suggests central neural pathology in this disorder. Moreover, differing central activity between VVD subgroups suggests heterogeneous pathologies within this diagnosis.
Apparatus for measuring the thermal Casimir force at large distances
Creators: name: Bimonte, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a Casimir apparatus based on a differential force measurement between a Au-coated sphere and a planar slab divided in two regions, one of which is made of high-resistivity (dielectric) Si, and the other of Au. The crucial feature of the setup is a semi-transparent plane parallel conducting over-layer, covering both regions. The setup offers two important advantages over existing Casimir setups. On one hand it leads to a large amplification of the difference between the Drude and the plasma prescriptions that are currently used to compute the thermal Casimir force. On the other hand, thanks to the screening power of the over-layer, it is in principle immune from electrostatic forces caused by potential patches on the plates surfaces, that plague present large distance Casimir experiments. If a semi-transparent conductive over-layer with identical patch structure over the Au-Si regions of the plate can be manufactured, similar to the opaque over-layers used in recent searches of non-newtonian gravitational forces based on the isoelectronic technique, the way will be paved for a clear observation of the thermal Casimir force up to separations of several microns, and an unambiguous discrimination between the Drude and the plasma prescriptions.
description: 5 pages, 3 encapsulated figures. Revised version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett
title: Incidental hepatic steatosis and correlation with urolithiasis on unenhanced computed tomography performed for renal colic in the emergency department
Creators: name: Morey, Matthew
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Metabolic disorders
subject: Education
subject: CT
subject: Liver
subject: Abdomen
subject: Emergency

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Purpose: Hepatic steatosis: - common incidental finding on CT, including patients presenting to the ED 1 - associated with cardiovascular outcomes and metabolic syndrome 1 - metabolic syndrome and urolithiasis linked by multifactorial aetiology 2, 3, 4 The...
Marte, due nuovi elicotterini al posto del rover Esa
Creators: Marco Malaspina
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2022

Cambio di programma per la missione Mars Sample Return: invece di inviare un altro rover per recuperare i campioni di roccia raccolti da Perseverance sul Pianeta rosso e portarli sulla Terra, la Nasa si affiderà allo stesso Perseverance, affiancandogli due piccoli elicotteri come opzione di riserva. Una scelta resa possibile dall’inatteso successo di Ingenuity e dalla longevità sorprendente di Curiosity, che sabato prossimo celebrerà i suoi primi dieci anni su Marte
Clinical Orofacial Characteristics Associated With Risk of First-Onset TMD: The OPPERA Prospective Cohort Study
Creators: name: Greenspan, Joel D.
name: Ribeiro-Dasilva, Margarete
name: Slade, Gary D.
name: Ohrbach, Richard
name: Smith, Shad B.
name: Gordon, Sharon M.
name: Lim, Pei-Feng
name: Gonzalez, Yoly
name: Bair, Eric
name: Dubner, Ronald
name: Fillingim, Roger B.
name: Diatchenko, Luda
name: Maixner, William
name: Knott, Charles
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Case-control studies have documented clinical manifestations of chronic temporomandibular disorders (TMD), whereas clinical predictors of TMD development are largely unknown. We evaluated 41 clinical orofacial characteristics thought to predict first-onset TMD in a prospective cohort study of U.S. adults aged 18-44 years. During the median 2.8-year follow-up period, 2,737 people completed quarterly screening questionnaires. Those reporting symptoms were examined and 260 people were identified with first-onset TMD. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models quantified associations between baseline clinical orofacial measures and TMD incidence. Significant predictors from baseline self-report instruments included oral parafunctions, prior facial pain and its life-impact, TMJ noises and jaw locking, and non-specific orofacial symptoms. Significant predictors from the baseline clinical examination were pain on jaw opening and pain from palpation of masticatory, neck, and body muscles. Examiner assessments of TMJ noise and tooth wear facets did not predict incidence. In multivariate analysis, non-specific orofacial symptoms, pain from jaw opening and oral parafunctions predicted TMD incidence. The results indicate that only a few orofacial examination findings influenced TMD incidence, and only to a modest degree. More pronounced influences were found for self-reported symptoms, particularly those that appeared to reflect alterations to systems beyond the masticatory tissues.
Molecular actions of Vitamin D in reproductive cell biology
Creators: name: Fernandes Cruzat, Vinicius
Publisher: name: Torrens University Australia
Year: 2022
Subjects: Obstetrics and gynaecology

description: Vitamin D (VitD) is an important secosteroid and has attracted attention in several areas of research due to common VitD deficiency in the population, and its potential to regulate molecular pathways related to chronic and inflammatory diseases. VitD metabolites and the VitD receptor (VDR) influence many tissues including those of the reproductive system. VDR expression has been demonstrated in various cell types of the male reproductive tract, including spermatozoa and germ cells, and in female reproductive tissues including the ovaries, placenta and endometrium. However, the molecular role of VitD signalling and metabolism in reproductive function have not been fully established. Consequently, the aim of this work is to review current metabolic and molecular aspects of the VitD-VDR axis in reproductive medicine and to propose the direction of future research. Specifically, the influence of VitD on sperm motility, calcium handling, capacitation, acrosin reaction and lipid metabolism is examined. In addition, we will also discuss the effect of VitD on sex hormone secretion and receptor expression in primary granulosa cells, along with the impact on cytokine production in trophoblast cells. The review concludes with a discussion of the recent developments in VitD-VDR signalling specifically related to altered cellular bioenergetics, which is an emerging concept in the field of reproductive medicine.
Nei pozzi lunari temperature primaverili
Creators: Guido Sbrogiò
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2022

Dalle osservazioni del Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter della Nasa e da modelli 3D simulati al computer, un team di scienziati dell’università della California e del Colorado ha scoperto che le temperature all’interno delle cavità dei pozzi lunari rimangono stabili intorno ai 17 °C. Si ritiene che questi pozzi possano diventare ottimi candidati per i futuri insediamenti umani sulla Luna
General Health Status and Incidence of First-Onset Temporomandibular Disorder: The OPPERA Prospective Cohort Study
Creators: name: Maixner, William
name: Fillingim, Roger B.
name: Greenspan, Joel D.
name: Sanders, Anne E.
name: Ohrbach, Richard
name: Slade, Gary D.
name: Bair, Eric
name: Dubner, Ronald
name: Knott, Charles
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) overlap with other health conditions but no study has examined which of these conditions increase the risk of developing first-onset TMD. The authors prospectively evaluated the relationship between health status at enrollment and subsequent incidence of TMD in 2,722 men and women. Participants aged 18–44 years had no history of TMD and were clinically free of TMD when enrolled in 2006–08 at four U.S. study sites in the OPPERA prospective cohort study. First-onset examiner-classified TMD developed in 260 people over a median 2.8 years of follow-up. Cox regression estimated the association between health conditions and TMD incidence while accounting for potential confounders. Incidence of first-onset TMD was 50% higher for people with lower back pain (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] = 1.50, 95% confidence limits [95% CL]: 1.08, 2.10) and 75% higher for people with genital pain symptoms (AHR = 1.75 [95% CL: 1.04, 2.93]) than people without a history of these pain disorders. Digit ratio, a marker of intra-uterine exposure to sex hormones, was significantly associated with TMD incidence. Other independent predictors of first-onset TMD were sleep disturbance and cigarette smoking. These findings reveal multiple-influences of health status on incidence of first-onset TMD.
Melatonin modifies basal and stimulated insulin secretion via NADPH oxidase
Creators: name: Fernandes Cruzat, Vinicius
Publisher: name: Torrens University Australia
Year: 2022
Subjects: Endocrinology

description: Melatonin is a hormone synthesized in the pineal gland, which modulates several functions within the organism, including the synchronization of glucose metabolism and glucosestimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Melatonin can mediate different signaling pathways in pancreatic islets through two membrane receptors and via antioxidant or pro-oxidant enzymes modulation. NADPH oxidase (NOX) is a pro-oxidant enzyme responsible for the production of the reactive oxygen specie (ROS) superoxide, generated from molecular oxygen. In pancreatic islets, NOX-derived ROS can modulate glucose metabolism and regulate insulin secretion. Considering the roles of both melatonin and NOX in islets, the aim of this study was to evaluate the association of NOX and ROS production on glucose metabolism, basal and GSIS in pinealectomized rats (PINX) and in melatonin-treated isolated pancreatic islets. Our results showed that ROS content derived from NOX activity was increased in PINX at baseline (2.8 mM glucose), which was followed by a reduction in glucose metabolism and basal insulin secretion in this group. Under 16.7 mM glucose, an increase in both glucose metabolism and GSIS was observed in PINX islets, without changes in ROS content. In isolated pancreatic islets from control animals incubated with 2.8 mM glucose, melatonin treatment reduced ROS content, whereas in 16.7 mM glucose, melatonin reduced ROS and GSIS. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that both basal and stimulated insulin secretion can be regulated by melatonin through the maintenance of ROS homeostasis in pancreatic islets.
Genetic Variants Associated With Development of TMD and Its Intermediate Phenotypes: The Genetic Architecture of TMD in the OPPERA Prospective Cohort Study
Creators: name: Mir, Ellen
name: Weir, Bruce
name: Ohrbach, Richard
name: Dubner, Ronald
name: Smith, Shad B.
name: Diatchenko, Luda
name: Greenspan, Joel D.
name: Slade, Gary D.
name: Fillingim, Roger B.
name: Knott, Charles
name: Maixner, William
name: Bair, Eric
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Genetic risk factors are believed to combine with environmental exposures and contribute to risk of developing temporomandibular disorder (TMD). In this prospective cohort study, 2,737 people without TMD were assessed for common genetic variation in 358 genes known to contribute to nociceptive pathways, inflammation, and affective distress. During a median follow-up period of 2.8 years, 260 people developed first-onset TMD. Hazard ratios (HRs) were computed as measures of association between 2,924 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and TMD incidence. After correction for multiple testing, no single SNP was significantly associated with risk of onset TMD. However, several SNPs exceeded Bonferroni correction for multiple comparison or false discovery rate thresholds (FDR=0.05, 0.1, or 0.2) for association with intermediate phenotypes shown to be predictive of TMD onset. Non-specific orofacial symptoms were associated with voltage-gated sodium channel, type 1 alpha subunit (SCN1A, rs6432860, p=2.77×10−5) and angiotensin-I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2, rs1514280, p=4.86×10−5), global psychological symptoms with prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (PTGS1, rs3842803, p=2.79×10−6), stress and negative affectivity with amyloid-β (A4) precursor protein (APP, rs466448, p=4.29×10−5), and heat pain temporal summation with multiple PDZ domain protein (MPDZ, rs10809907, p=3.05×10−5). The use of intermediate phenotypes for complex pain diseases revealed new genetic pathways influencing risk of TMD.
The Chandra Planetary Nebula Survey (ChanPlaNS). II. X-ray Emission from Compact Planetary Nebulae
Creators: name: Freeman, M.
name: Montez, R.
name: Kastner, J. H.
name: Balick, B.
name: Frew, D. J.
name: Jones, D.
name: Miszalski, B.
name: Sahai, R.
name: Blackman, E.
name: Chu, Y. -H.
name: De Marco, O.
name: Frank, A.
name: Guerrero, M. A.
name: Lopez, J. A.
name: Zijlstra, A.
name: Bujarrabal, V.
name: Corradi, R. L. M.
name: Nordhaus, J.
name: Parker, Q. A.
name: Sandin, C.
name: Schönberner, D.
name: Soker, N.
name: Sokoloski, J. L.
name: Steffen, M.
name: Toalá, J. A.
name: Ueta, T.
name: Villaver, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results from the most recent set of observations obtained as part of the Chandra X-ray observatory Planetary Nebula Survey (ChanPlaNS), the first comprehensive X-ray survey of planetary nebulae (PNe) in the solar neighborhood (i.e., within ~1.5 kpc of the Sun). The survey is designed to place constraints on the frequency of appearance and range of X-ray spectral characteristics of X-ray-emitting PN central stars and the evolutionary timescales of wind-shock-heated bubbles within PNe. ChanPlaNS began with a combined Cycle 12 and archive Chandra survey of 35 PNe. ChanPlaNS continued via a Chandra Cycle 14 Large Program which targeted all (24) remaining known compact (R_neb ~1000 cm^-3), and rarely associated with PNe that show H_2 emission and/or pronounced butterfly structures. Hb 5 is one such exception of a PN with a butterfly structure that hosts diffuse X-ray emission. Additionally, of the five new diffuse X-ray detections, two host [WR]-type CSPNe, NGC 1501 and NGC 6369, supporting the hypothesis that PNe with central stars of [WR]-type are likely to display diffuse X-ray emission.
description: 28 pages, 5 figures, accepted to ApJ
Multisystem Dysregulation in Painful Temporomandibular Disorders
Creators: name: Diatchenko, Luda
name: Chen, Hong
name: Miller, Vanessa
name: Nackley, Andrea
name: Maixner, William
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Multiple physiological and psychological regulatory domains may contribute to the pathophysiology of pain in temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and other bodily pain conditions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between multisystem dysregulation and the presence of TMD pain, as well as the presence of different numbers of comorbid pain conditions in TMD. Secondary data analysis was conducted in 131 non-TMD (without comorbid pain) controls, 14 TMD subjects without comorbid pain, 78 TMD subjects with 1 comorbid pain, and 67 TMD subjects with multiple comorbid pain conditions who participated in a TMD genetic study. Twenty markers from sensory, autonomic, inflammatory, and psychological domains were evaluated. The results revealed that 1) overall dysregulation in multiple system domains (OR [odds ratio] = 1.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4–1.8), particularly in the sensory (OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.3–2.9) and the psychological (OR = 2.1, 95% CI = 2.1–2.7) domains, were associated with increased likelihood of being a painful TMD case; and 2) dysregulations in individual system domains were selectively associated with the increased odds of being a TMD case with different levels of comorbid persistent pain conditions. These outcomes indicate that heterogeneous multisystem dysregulations may exist in painful TMD subgroups, and multidimensional physiological and psychological assessments can provide important information regarding pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of pain in TMD patients.
title: Traumatic thoracic aortic injury: a pictorial essay
Creators: name: Hapugoda, Sachintha
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Education
subject: Plain radiographic studies
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: CT
subject: Trauma
subject: Emergency
subject: Arteries / Aorta
subject: Trauma

description: Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To differentiate the radiological findings on computed tomography of the types of traumatic aortic injury using illustrative diagrams and...
Multivariable Modeling of Phenotypic Risk Factors for First-Onset TMD: The OPPERA Prospective Cohort Study
Creators: name: Fillingim, Roger B.
name: Bair, Eric
name: Dubner, Ronald
name: Ohrbach, Richard
name: Diatchenko, Luda
name: Knott, Charles
name: Helgeson, Erika
name: Slade, Gary D.
name: Greenspan, Joel D.
name: Maixner, William
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Incidence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) was predicted with multivariable models that used putative risk factors collected from initially TMD-free individuals in the Orofacial Pain: Prospective Evaluation and Risk Assessment (OPPERA) study. The 202 baseline risk factors included sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, measures of general health status, experimental pain sensitivity, autonomic function, and psychological distress. Study participants (n=2,737) were then followed prospectively for a median of 2.8 years to ascertain cases of first-onset TMD. Lasso regression and random forest models were used to predict incidence of first-onset TMD using all of the aforementioned measures. Variable importance scores identified the most important risk factors, and their relationship with TMD incidence was illustrated graphically using partial dependence plots. Two of the most important risk factors for elevated TMD incidence were greater numbers of comorbid pain conditions and greater extent of non-specific orofacial symptoms. Other important baseline risk factors were pre-existing bodily pain, heightened somatic awareness, and greater extent of pain in response to examiners’ palpation of the head, neck and body. Several demographic variables persisted as risk factors even after adjusting for other OPPERA variables, suggesting that environmental variables not measured in OPPERA may also contribute to first-onset TMD.
title: Brief von Henning Gralla an Kurt Rothschild
Creators: name: Gralla, Henning
Year: 2017

description: Mit handschriftlicher Anrede und Unterschrift. - Beilage: Kopie von Titelblatt, Vorbemerkungen und Inhaltsverzeichnis der Diplomarbeit des Autors, 3 Blätter.
description: Typoskript, 5 Blätter
Emissioni enigmatiche e spettacolari da Abell 3266
Creators: Ufficio stampa Unibo
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2022

All’interno di un ammasso di galassie particolarmente dinamico, un gruppo internazionale di studiosi ha individuato una serie di fenomeni raramente osservati nello stesso oggetto – un relitto radio, un’emissione radio fossile da una galassia, un alone radio – che sfidano le attuali teorie sulle caratteristiche e sulle origini di queste sorgenti
Multipole order and global/site symmetry in the hidden order phase of URu2Si2
Creators: name: Suzuki, Michi-To
name: Ikeda, Hiroaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On the basis of group theory and the first-principles calculations, we investigate high-rank multipole orderings in URu2Si2, which have been proposed as a genuine primary order parameter in the hidden order phase below 17.5K. We apply Shubnikov group theory to the multipole ordered states characterized by the wave vector Q = (0, 0, 1) and specify the global/site symmetry and the secondary order parameters, such as induced dipole moments and change in charge distribution. We find that such antiferroic magnetic multipole orderings have particularly advantageous to conceal the primary order parameter due to preserving high symmetry in charge distribution. Experimental observations of the inherent low-rank multipoles, which are explicitly classified in this paper, will be key pieces to understand the puzzling hidden order phase.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
title: Brief von Shaikh M Ghazanfar an Kurt Rothschild
Creators: name: Ghazanfar, Shaikh M.
Year: 2017

description: Handschriftliche Anmerkung von Kurt Rothschild "Beantwortet: 23.4.92".
description: Typoskript mit Unterschrift, 1 Blatt
La materia oscura, dov’era 12 miliardi di anni fa
Creators: Maura Sandri
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2022

Una collaborazione guidata da scienziati dell'Università di Nagoya in Giappone ha studiato la distribuzione della materia oscura che circondava 1,5 milioni di galassie, osservate dal telescopio Subaru così com’erano 12 miliardi di anni fa. In particolare, dai dati del satellite Planck hanno misurato il modo in cui la materia oscura attorno a queste galassie ha distorto il fondo cosmico a microonde
title: Three-dimensional reformatted PET/CT for assessing therapy response in lung cancer
Creators: name: Yang, Seoung-oh
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Oncology
subject: Lung
subject: PET-CT
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Cancer

description: Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Three-dimensional(3-D) displays for medical imaging are now emerging field and very promising tools for diagnosis, therapeutic response monitoring and detection of tumor recurrence. Morphological criteria for defining therapy...
L-glutamine and L-alanine supplementation increase glutamine-glutathione axis and muscle HSP-27 in rats trained using a progressive high-intensity resistance exercise
Creators: name: Fernandes Cruzat, Vinicius
Publisher: name: Torrens University Australia
Year: 2022
Subjects: Endocrinology

description: In this study we investigated the chronic effects of oral L-glutamine and L-alanine supplementation, either in their free or dipeptide form, on glutamine-glutathione (GLN-GSH) axis and cytoprotection mediated by HSP-27 in rats submitted to resistance exercise (RE). Forty Wistar rats were distributed into 5 groups: sedentary; trained (CTRL); and trained supplemented with L-alanyl-L-glutamine, L-glutamine and L-alanine in their free form (GLN+ALA), or free L-alanine (ALA). All trained animals were submitted to a 6-week ladder-climbing protocol. Supplementations were offered in a 4% drinking water solution for 21 days prior to euthanasia. Plasma glutamine, creatine kinase (CK), myoglobin (MYO), and erythrocyte concentration of reduced GSH and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) were measured. In tibialis anterior skeletal muscle, GLN-GSH axis, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and the expression of heat shock factor 1 (HSF-1), 27-kDa heat shock protein (HSP-27), and glutamine synthetase were determined. In CRTL animals, high-intensity RE reduced muscle glutamine levels and increased GSSG/GSH rate and TBARS, as well as augmented plasma CK and MYO levels. Conversely, L-glutamine-supplemented animals showed an increase in plasma and muscle levels of glutamine, with a reduction in GSSG/GSH rate, TBARS, and CK. Free L-alanine administration increased plasma glutamine concentration and lowered muscle TBARS. HSF-1 and HSP-27 were high in all supplemented groups when compared with CTRL (p < 0.05). The results presented herein demonstrate that L-glutamine supplemented with L-alanine, in both a free or dipeptide form, improve the GLN-GSH axis and promote cytoprotective effects in rats submitted to high-intensity RE training.
Pain Sensitivity and Autonomic Factors Associated With Development of TMD: The OPPERA Prospective Cohort Study
Creators: name: Diatchenko, Luda
name: Ohrbach, Richard
name: Fillingim, Roger B.
name: Maixner, William
name: Greenspan, Joel D.
name: Liu, Qian
name: Knott, Charles
name: Slade, Gary D.
name: Dubner, Ronald
name: Bair, Eric
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Multiple studies report that individuals with chronic temporomandibular disorder (TMD) have enhanced sensitivity to experimental pain. Additionally, chronic TMD cases show altered autonomic function, including elevated heart rate and reduced heart rate variability. However, causal inferences regarding the association between TMD and pain sensitivity and autonomic function cannot be drawn from these cross-sectional observations. The prospective OPPERA study examines whether measures of pain sensitivity or cardiac autonomic function provide predictive value in TMD incidence. A cohort of 2,737 initially TMD-free people was followed for up to 5.2 years, during which time 260 developed first-onset TMD. Fourteen of 39 experimental pain measures produced significant hazard ratios, such that greater pain sensitivity was associated with greater TMD incidence. A single autonomic measure – heart rate at rest – was also associated significantly with greater TMD incidence. In contrast, using the same measures of pain sensitivity and cardiac autonomic function, we previously reported a larger group of variables that was significantly associated with chronic TMD in the OPPERA case-control study. Future studies should investigate whether premorbid pain sensitivity or autonomic function more specifically predicts risk of developing chronic TMD than first-onset TMD.
Che fai tu, Luna, in ciel, la notte di San Lorenzo?
Creators: Fabrizio Villa
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2022

Inizia oggi il mese delle stelle cadenti. Quest’anno, per osservare le Perseidi, non conviene però attendere il picco del 12, quando in cielo brillerà la luna piena: meglio anticipare di qualche giorno. Fra i tanti altri oggetti che potremo ammirare, segnaliamo proprio questa sera – dopo la mezzanotte – la congiunzione apparente tra Marte e Urano, visibile vicino alle Pleiadi
Order complexes of coset posets of finite groups are not contractible
Creators: name: Shareshian, John
name: Woodroofe, Russ
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05E45, 20E99, 06B30

description: We show that the order complex of the poset of all cosets of all proper subgroups of a finite group $G$ is never $\mathbb{F}_{2}$-acyclic and therefore never contractible. This settles a question of K. S. Brown.
description: 16 pages. v2 fixes minor errors
title: Role of Percutaneous Vertebroplasty in treatment of painful vertebral compression fractures in Multiple Myeloma patients
Creators: name: Pendse, Himanshu
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal spine
subject: Interventional non-vascular
subject: Fluoroscopy
subject: Vertebroplasty
subject: Multidisciplinary cancer care

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Purpose: Multiple myeloma, though a curable disease, leaves signifcant disabiling symptoms in some patients. One such symptom is severe back pain post vertebral body collapse. This has a drastic impact on the quality of life due to associated morbidity. We...
title: Pictorial review of breast implant associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL)
Creators: name: Chacko, Amit
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Breast
subject: Soft tissues / Skin
subject: Oncology
subject: Ultrasound
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Normal variants
subject: Complications
subject: Cancer
subject: Haematologic diseases

description: Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: BIA-ALCL is a newly described and rare T-cell lymphoma of the breast. Since 2007 there have been 56 cases of confirmed BIA-ALCL in Australia and New Zealand. BIA-ALCL presents as a delayed, non-infective fluid...
Fractional angular momentum in cold atom systems
Creators: name: Zhang, Yuhe
name: Sreejith, G. J.
name: Gemelke, N. D.
name: Jain, J. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum statistics of bosons or fermions are manifest through even or odd relative angular momentum of a pair. We show theoretically that, under certain conditions, a pair of certain test particles immersed in a fractional quantum Hall state possesses, effectively, a fractional relative angular momentum, which can be interpreted in terms of fractional braid statistics. We propose that the fractionalization of the angular momentum can be detected directly through the measurement of the pair correlation function in rotating ultra-cold atomic systems in the fractional quantum Hall regime. Such a measurement will also provide direct evidence for the effective magnetic field, resulting from Berry phases arising from attached vortices, and of excitations with fractional particle number, analogous to fractional charge of electron fractional quantum Hall effect.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Insulin and IGF-1 receptor autocrine loops are not required for Exendin-4 induced changes to pancreatic β-cell bioenergetic parameters and metabolism in BRIN-BD11 cells
Creators: name: Fernandes Cruzat, Vinicius
Publisher: name: Torrens University Australia
Year: 2022
Subjects: Other biomedical and clinical sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Pharmacological long lasting Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues, such as Exendin-4, have become widely used diabetes therapies. Chronic GLP-1R stimulation has been linked to β-cell protection and these pro-survival actions of GLP-1 are dependent on the activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) leading to accumulation of Hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α). Recent studies from our lab indicate that prolonged GLP-1R stimulation promotes metabolic reprograming of β-cells towards a highly glycolytic phenotype and activation of the mTOR/HIF-1α pathway was required for this action. We hypothesised that GLP-1 induced metabolic changes depend on the activation of mTOR and HIF-1α in a cascade that occurs after triggering of a potential Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) or the Insulin receptor (IR) autocrine loops. Loss of function of these receptors, through the use of small interfering RNA, or neutralizing antibodies directed towards their products, was undertaken in conjunction with functional assays. Neither of these strategies mitigated the effect of GLP-1 on glucose uptake, protein expression or bioenergetic flux. Our data indicates that activation of IGF-1R and/or the IR autocrine loops resulting in β-cell protection and function, involve mechanisms independent to the enhanced metabolic effects resulting from sustained GLP-1R activation.
Pain Treatment for Older Adults During Prehospital Emergency Care: Variations by Patient Gender and Pain Severity
Creators: name: Platts-Mills, Timothy F.
name: McLean, Samuel A.
name: Dickey, Ryan M.
name: Cairns, Charles B.
name: Weaver, Mark A.
name: Hunold, Katherine M.
name: Fillingim, Roger B.
name: Fernandez, Antonio R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Older adults are less likely than younger adults to receive analgesic treatment during emergency department visits. Whether older adults are less likely to receive analgesics during protocolized prehospital care is unknown. We analyzed all ambulance transports in 2011 in the state of North Carolina and compared the administration of any analgesic or an opioid among older adults (aged 65 and older) versus adults aged 18 to 64. Complete data were available for 407,763 transports. Older men were less likely than younger men to receive an analgesic or an opioid regardless of pain severity. Among women with mild or moderate pain, older women were less likely than younger women to receive either form of pain treatment, but among women with more severe pain (pain score 8 or more), older women were more likely than younger women to receive pain treatment. Further, among women with mild or moderate pain, the oldest patients (aged 85 and older) were the least likely to receive any analgesic or an opioid, but among women with severe pain the oldest patients were the most likely to receive treatment. Further research is needed to assess the generalizability of this interaction between age, gender, and pain severity on pain treatment.
Psychological Factors Associated With Development of TMD: The OPPERA Prospective Cohort Study
Creators: name: Ohrbach, Richard
name: Mack, Nicole
name: Bair, Eric
name: Knott, Charles
name: Dubner, Ronald
name: Fillingim, Roger B.
name: Maixner, William
name: Baraian, Cristina
name: Slade, Gary D.
name: Greenspan, Joel D.
name: Diatchenko, Luda
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Case-control studies have consistently associated psychological factors with chronic pain in general and with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) specifically. However, only a handful of prospective studies has explored whether pre-existing psychological characteristics represent risk factors for first-onset TMD. The current findings derive from the prospective cohort study of the Orofacial Pain Prospective Evaluation and Risk Assessment (OPPERA) cooperative agreement. For this study, 3,263 TMD-free participants completed a battery of psychological instruments assessing general psychological adjustment and personality, affective distress, psychosocial stress, somatic symptoms, and pain coping and catastrophizing. Study participants were then followed prospectively for an average of 2.8 years to ascertain cases of first-onset of TMD, and 2,737 provided follow-up data and were considered in the analyses of TMD onset. In bivariate and demographically-adjusted analyses, several psychological variables predicted increased risk of first-onset TMD, including reported somatic symptoms, psychosocial stress, and affective distress. Principal component analysis of 26 psychological scores was used to identify latent constructs, revealing four components: stress and negative affectivity, global psychological and somatic symptoms, passive pain coping, and active pain coping. In multivariable analyses, global psychological and somatic symptoms emerged as the most robust risk factor for incident TMD. These findings provide evidence that measures of psychological functioning can predict first-onset of TMD. Future analyses in the OPPERA cohort will determine whether these psychological factors interact with other variables to increase risk for TMD onset and persistence.
title: Design, manufacturing and dosimetric analysis of a small animal irradiation platform (jig) for preclinical experiments allowing tangential irradiation of subcutaneous tumours established in mice employing parallel-opposed kilovoltage photon beams in a standard cabinet irradiator
Creators: name: Quah, Ben
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Oncology
subject: Radioprotection / Radiation dose
subject: Experimental
subject: Experimental investigations
subject: Radiotherapy techniques

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Purpose: •Animal irradiators for preclinical tumour radiation research are typically fixed source cabinet irradiators [1, 2]. •These are vastly inferior to image-guided irradiators capable of delivering highly conformal treatments [3], but such...
Signs and Symptoms of First-Onset TMD and Sociodemographic Predictors of Its Development: The OPPERA Prospective Cohort Study
Creators: name: Fillingim, Roger B.
name: Greenspan, Joel D.
name: Dubner, Ronald
name: Diatchenko, Luda
name: Knott, Charles
name: Maixner, William
name: Ohrbach, Richard
name: Slade, Gary D.
name: Bair, Eric
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Although cross-sectional studies of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) often report elevated prevalence in young women, they do not address the risk of its development. Here we evaluate sociodemographic predictors of TMD incidence in a community-based prospective cohort study of U.S. adults. Symptoms and pain-related disability in TMD cases are also described. People aged 18 to 44 years with no history of TMD were enrolled at 4 study sites when they completed questionnaires about sociodemographic characteristics. During the median 2.8-year follow-up period, 2,737 participants completed quarterly screening questionnaires. Those reporting symptoms were examined clinically and 260 had first-onset TMD. Additional questionnaires asked about severity and impact of their symptoms. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models quantified associations between sociodemographic characteristics and TMD incidence. First-onset TMD developed in 3.9% of participants per annum, typically producing mild to moderate levels of pain and disability in cases. TMD incidence was positively associated with age, whereas females had only slightly greater incidence than males. Compared to whites, Asians had lower TMD incidence whereas African Americans had greater incidence, although the latter was attenuated somewhat after adjusting for satisfaction with socioeconomic circumstances.
title: Patterns of 68Ga-PSMA-HBED uptake of sympathetic ganglia on PET/CT
Creators: name: Chacko, Amit
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Nuclear medicine
subject: Hybrid Imaging
subject: Molecular imaging
subject: PET-CT
subject: PET
subject: Molecular imaging
subject: Quality assurance
subject: Neoplasia

description: Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To assess the frequency of 68Ga-PSMA-HBED uptake in sympathetic ganglia in patients presenting for 68Ga-PSMA-HBED PET/CT...
Choirs of Praise: Some Aspects of Action Understanding in Fifteenth-Century Painting and Sculpture
Creators: Freedberg, David A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Arts
Art
History

description: Did Jan van Eyck go to Italy? This is an old question about Van Eyck, and raises a number of important issues about his art. I do not intend to settle it here. Rather, I ask it because it casts into high relief a central issue in the ways we think about responses to art, and, more specifically, about the relations between observation and action imitation.
Effect of geodetic precession on the evolution of pulsar high-energy pulse profiles as derived with the striped-wind model
Creators: name: Petri, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Geodetic precession has been observed directly in the double-pulsar system PSR J0737-3039. Its rate has even been measured and agrees with predictions of general relativity. Very recently, the double pulsar has been detected in X-rays and gamma-rays. This fuels the hope observing geodetic precession in the high-energy pulse profile of this system. Unfortunately, the geometric configuration of the binary renders any detection of such an effect unlikely. Nevertheless, this precession is probably present in other relativistic binaries or double neutron star systems containing at least one X-ray or gamma-ray pulsar.}{We compute the variation of the high-energy pulse profile expected from this geodetic motion according to the striped-wind model. We compare our results with two-pole caustic and outer gap emission patterns.}{For a sufficient misalignment between the orbital angular momentum and the spin angular momentum, a significant change in the pulse profile as a result of geodetic precession is expected in the X-ray and gamma-ray energy band.}{The essential features of the striped wind are indicated in several plots showing the evolution of the maximum of the pulsed intensity, the separation of both peaks, if present, and the variation in the width of each peak. We highlight the main differences with other competing high-energy models.}{We make some predictions about possible future detection of high-energy emission from double neutron star systems with the highest spin precession rate. Such observations will definitely favour some pulsed high-energy emission scenarios.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A, typos corrected
title: Outcomes in Non-Surgically Treated p16-Positive Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Creators: name: Lu, Ha
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cancer
subject: Outcomes
subject: Outcomes analysis
subject: Radiation therapy / Oncology
subject: CT
subject: Head and neck

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Purpose: The overall incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is increasing despite a progressive decline in tobacco use, a well-known risk factor. [1-3] This trend is occurring in the context of decreasing incidence of all other head and...