cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Biased Ligands Differentially Shape the Conformation of the Extracellular Loop Region in 5-HT2B Receptors
Creators: name: Denzinger, Katrin
name: Nguyen, Trung Ngoc
name: Noonan, Theresa
name: Wolber, Gerhard
name: Bermudez, Marcel
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: GPCR
subject: biased signaling
subject: molecular dynamics
subject: serotonin receptors
subject: virtual screening
subject: conformational descriptor
subject: pharmacophore
subject: drug design
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::615 Pharmakologie, Therapeutik

description: G protein-coupled receptors are linked to various intracellular transducers, each pathway associated with different physiological effects. Biased ligands, capable of activating one pathway over another, are gaining attention for their therapeutic potential, as they could selectively activate beneficial pathways whilst avoiding those responsible for adverse effects. We performed molecular dynamics simulations with known β-arrestin-biased ligands like lysergic acid diethylamide and ergotamine in complex with the 5-HT2B receptor and discovered that the extent of ligand bias is directly connected with the degree of closure of the extracellular loop region. Given a loose allosteric coupling of extracellular and intracellular receptor regions, we delineate a concept for biased signaling at serotonin receptors, by which conformational interference with binding pocket closure restricts the signaling repertoire of the receptor. Molecular docking studies of biased ligands gathered from the BiasDB demonstrate that larger ligands only show plausible docking poses in the ergotamine-bound structure, highlighting the conformational constraints associated with bias. This emphasizes the importance of selecting the appropriate receptor conformation on which to base virtual screening workflows in structure-based drug design of biased ligands. As this mechanism of ligand bias has also been observed for muscarinic receptors, our studies provide a general mechanism of signaling bias transferable between aminergic receptors.
title: Text/Conference Paper
Creators: name: Küntzer, Lucas
name: Hoffmann, Michael
name: Rock, Georg
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: immersive virtual reality
subject: e-learning
subject: project-based learning
subject: vehicle development

description: Immersive Virtual Reality (VR) is increasingly being used in many engineering disciplines. This paper presents the practical use of an e-learning tool for project-based learning in higher education in the context of a student-centered, industrial-sized project. The benefits and challenges of VR technology in education are examined. The paper briefly outlines the advantages of its practical application in education as well as in the professional industry. In conclusion the paper argues that VR applications can be useful in improving effectiveness and efficiency in existent processes, but have to be designed with care in order to achieve the desired effects in the long term.
Di-electron and two-photon widths in charmonium
Creators: name: Badalian, A. M.
name: Danilkin, I. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The vector and pseudoscalar decay constants are calculated in the framework of the Field Correlator Method. Di-electron widths: $Γ_{ee}(J/ψ)=5.41$ keV, $Γ_{ee}(ψ'(3686))=2.47$ keV, $Γ_{ee}(ψ''(3770))=0.248$ keV, in good agreement with experiment, are obtained with the same coupling, $α_s=0.165$, in QCD radiative corrections. We show that the larger $α_s=0.191\pm 0.004$ is needed to reach agreement with experiment for $Γ_{γγ}(η_c)=7.22$ keV, $Γ_{γγ} (χ(^3P_0))=3.3$ keV, $Γ_{γγ}(χ(^3P_2))= 0.54$ keV, and also for $Γ(J/ψ\to 3g)=59.5$ keV, $Γ(J/ψ\to γ2g)=5.7$ keV. Meanwhile even larger $α_s=0.238$ gives rise to good description of $Γ(ψ'\to 3g)=52.7$ keV, $Γ(ψ'\to γ2g)= 3.5$ keV, and provides correct ratio of the branching fractions: $\frac{\mathcal{B}(J/ψ\to light hadrons)}{\mathcal{B}(ψ'\to light hadrons)}=0.24.$
description: 8 pages, no figures
Direct observation of the electrically triggered Insulator-Metal transition in V3O5 far below the transition temperature
Creators: name: Adda, Coline
name: Lee, Min-Han
name: Kalcheim, Yoav
name: Salev, Pavel
name: Rocco, Rodolfo
name: Vargas, Nicolas M.
name: Ghazikhanian, Nareg
name: Rozenberg, Marcelo
name: Schuller, Ivan K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Resistive switching is one of the key phenomena for applications such as nonvolatile memories or neuromorphic computing. V3O5, a compound of the vanadium oxide Magnéli series, is one of the rare materials to exhibit an insulator-metal transition (IMT) above room temperature (Tc ~ 415 K). Here we demonstrate both static dc resistive switching (RS) and fast oscillatory spiking regimes in V3O5 devices at room temperature (120 K below the phase transition temperature) by applying an electric field. We use operando optical imaging to track a reflectivity change during the RS and find that a percolating high temperature metallic phase filament is formed. This demonstrates that the electrically induced RS triggers the phase transition. Furthermore, we optically capture the spiking oscillations that we link to the negative differential resistance regime and find the filament forms and dissolves via a periodic spatio-temporal instability that we describe by numerical simulations.
title: Text/Conference Paper
Creators: name: Durski, Sara
name: Schwarzbach, Marguerite
name: Frey, Lisa
name: Ashimi, Yasmin
name: Massler, Ute
name: Müller, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Amazon Alexa
subject: Lesetheater
subject: Leseflüssigkeit
subject: intelligente Sprachassistentin

description: In diesem Beitrag wird die Konzeption, Entwicklung und Evaluation einer auf Amazon Alexa basierenden Anwendung (Skill), zum Trainieren der Leseflüssigkeit vorgestellt. Der Skill übernimmt im Mehrsprachigen Lesetheater, einer Lautlesemethode zur Förderung der Leseflüssig­keit, verschiedene Rollen. Damit haben Kinder die Möglichkeit, auch außerhalb des Schulunterrichts das laute Lesen einer oder mehrerer Rollen eines Lesetheaters zu üben, indem Alexa die Lesepartne­rin darstellt. Durch iteratives Vorgehen wurde die Entwicklung des Prototypens fortlaufend evaluiert und angepasst. Eine abschließende Evaluation gab deutliche Hinweise, dass sich trotz verschiedener technischer Beschränkungen der Skill als Co-Partnerin für ein Lesetheater eignen kann.
Re-examining the hostile takeover
Creators: name: Ren, Ke
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The thesis purports to examine the phenomenon of hostile takeovers in the United States and Canada. The thesis starts with a review of history of takeover waves in the United States and the various theories attempting to explain the hostile takeover and customise the role of target management in this context. The author argues that the hostile takeover is a heterogeneous phenomenon. The heterogeneity of the hostile takeover demands a differential approach of regulation that encourages wealth-creating takeovers, and chills wealth-transferring takeovers. The hostile takeover may serve as a crucible to the soundness of a corporate governance structure. The thesis surveys the different approaches the courts of United States (mainly the Delaware courts) and Canada employ to tackle the issue of directors' duties in the context of hostile takeover bids. The author argues that the Delaware "Business Judgement Rule" approach is comparatively more coherent and effective in addressing the issue than the Canadian approach of proper purpose test. The author further reviews the regulatory regimes regarding takeovers in the United States and Canada. The author argues that generally both regimes have successfully fulfilled the goal of full and fair disclosure of information in hostile takeover bids, and a level playing field for acquirers and target companies. However, new regulatory development represented by the state antitakeover statutes purporting to eliminate the hostile takeover has begun to change the landscape of takeover regulation in the United States. The author argues that the elimination of hostile takeovers should be considered premature unless alternative mechanisms of corporate accountability are available. Are there any alternative schemes of corporate accountability available to replace hostile takeovers? Are there efficiencies made possible in the absence of hostile takeovers? The thesis strives to answer these questions by reviewing evidence from Japan, Germany and the United Kingdom. Two leading alternative schemes of corporate accountability - Gilson and Kraakman's independent directors and the Cadbury Report's Code of Best Practice - are also discussed. Finally, the author concludes that there are viable alternative schemes of corporate monitoring available for the United States and Canada to adopt, which may effectively render hostile takeovers obsolete as wasteful and controversial corporate monitors. There are also tangible movements toward the establishment of such alternative mechanisms in the North America. Hostile takeovers, a heterogeneous and controversial phenomenon that has enthralled academia and the business world for decades, will eventually fade into the history.
Coupling Lattice Boltzmann and Molecular Dynamics models for dense fluids
Creators: name: Dupuis, A.
name: Kotsalis, E. M.
name: Koumoutsakos, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a hybrid model, coupling Lattice Boltzmann and Molecular Dynamics models, for the simulation of dense fluids. Time and length scales are decoupled by using an iterative Schwarz domain decomposition algorithm. The MD and LB formulations communicate via the exchange of velocities and velocity gradients at the interface. We validate the present LB-MD model in simulations of flows of liquid argon past and through a carbon nanotube. Comparisons with existing hybrid algorithms and with reference MD solutions demonstrate the validity of the present approach.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures
title: Text/Conference Paper
Creators: name: Hobert, Sebastian
name: Berens, Florian
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Chatbot
subject: Pedagogical Conversational Agent
subject: Hochschullehre

description: Die universitäre Hochschullehre ist in vielen Bereichen geprägt von teilnehmerstarken, dozierenden-zentrierten Lehrveranstaltungen. Durch das oftmals unausgewogene Verhältnis von Studierenden zu Dozierenden bestehen Herausforderungen, Studierende in teilnehmerstarken Lehrveranstaltungen individuell zu unterstützen. Die vorliegende Demonstration gibt Einblicke in die technische Implementierung zweier Chatbot-basierter Lernsysteme, die diese Herausforderung adressieren, indem sie Studierende mittels Chatbots individuell unterstützen. Darüber hinaus können erste Erfahrungen aus deren Einsatz berichtet werden.
Pestizid-Screening in Boden- und Teeproben aus Nepal
Creators: name: Giri, Nirita
name: Sieghardt, Monika
name: Hann, Stephan
name: Koellensperger, Gunda
name: Joshi, Urmila
name: Pradhan, Bandana
name: Lesueur, Céline
name: Mentler, Axel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Kathmandu
Umweltverschmutzung
Pestizide
gesundheitsschädigend
Landwirtschaft
Welthandelsorganisation
Bodenproben
WTO
Nahrungsmittelsicherheit

description: Nepal ist ein Land mit sehr unterschiedlicher Topographie, es erstreckt sich von 60 m bis 8848 m See-
 höhe mit morphologischen Einheiten vom Bergland über Hügelland bis hin zum Tiefland; seine
 Wirtschaft basiert überwiegend auf der Landwirtschaft. Chemische Pflanzenschutzmittel werden in-
 tensiv von den Landwirten in Nepal eingesetzt, um die zunehmende Nachfrage an Nahrungsmitteln für
 eine ständig wachsende Bevölkerung zu befriedigen. Die gebräuchlichsten Schädlingsbekämpfungs-
 mittel sind Malathion, Chloropyriphos, Cypermethrin, Deltametrin, Mancozeb, Methyl- Parathion,
 Fenvelarate, Dichlorvos, Endosulfan, Chlorpyriphos+Cypermethrin, Dimethoat, Carbendazim und
 Dithan. Obgleich die Regierung unsachgemäßen Gebrauch von Schädlingsbekämpfungsmitteln als
 Gesundheitsproblem erkannte und Schutzbestimmungen formulierte, können keine korrekten Umset-
 zungsstrategien für diese Verordnungen gefunden werden.
 Weil es kein geeignetes, lückenloses und leistungsfähiges Pestizid –Überwachungsprogramm gibt,
 kämpfen nepalesische Exporteure landwirtschaftlicher Produkte mit qualitätsbezogenen Problemen,
 wenn Nahrungsmittel wie Honig oder Tee in europäische Länder exportiert werden sollen. Die Be-
 wohner der größeren Städte insbesondere im Kathmandu Tal, die von Nahrungsmitteln abhängen, die
 in den peri-urbanen landwirtschaftlichen Bereichen produziert werden, konsumieren Schädlingsbe-
 kämpfungsmittel in unbekanntem Ausmaß.
 Darüber hinaus ist Nepal offiziell 2004 der Welthandelsorganisation (WTO) beigetreten und der Fort-
 bestand dieser Mitgliedschaft wird nur möglich sein, falls es ein wirkungsvolles Überwachungssystem
 gibt. Die detaillierten Daten des Ge- und Verbrauchs von Schädlingsbekämpfungsmitteln in den ver-
 schiedenen Landesteilen sind seit vielen Jahren aufgrund technischer und finanzieller Engpässe nur
 beschränkt aktualisiert worden.
 Die derzeitige Situation verlangt dringend nach der Implementierung von hoch entwickelten und für
 den Zweck angepasste analytische Verfahren zur genauen Überwachung von Rückständen von Schäd-
 lingsbekämpfungsmitteln in Nahrung, Boden und Trinkwasser. Die so gewonnen Daten könnten für
 das Management von Pflanzenschutzmitteln verwendet werden.
 Folglich war die Hauptzielsetzung dieser Studie, eine Methode zu entwickeln, Proben unter den
 schwierigen Bedingungen in Nepal zu analysieren, diese Methode für die Analyse von Nahrungsmit-
 tel- und Bodenproben aus den ausgewählten Bereichen des Kathmandu Tales anzuwenden, um die
 meist gebräuchlichsten Schädlingsbekämpfungsmittel und ihre Konzentration ermitteln zu können und
 dabei den ökonomisch vertretbaren Rahmen nicht zu sprengen.
Next-to-leading order multi-leg processes for the Large Hadron Collider
Creators: name: Binoth, T.
name: Reiter, T.
name: Andersen, J. R.
name: Heinrich, G.
name: Smillie, J. M.
name: Guillet, J. -Ph.
name: Sanguinetti, G.
name: Karg, S.
name: Kauer, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this talk we discuss recent progress concerning precise predictions for the LHC. We give a status report of three applications of our method to deal with multi-leg one-loop amplitudes: The interference term of Higgs production by gluon- and weak boson fusion to order O(alpha^2 alpha_s^3) and the next-to-leading order corrections to the two processes pp -> ZZ jet and u ubar -> d dbar s sbar. The latter is a subprocess of the four jet cross section at the LHC.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures. Talk given at the 8th international Symposium on Radiative Corrections (RADCOR), October 1-5 2007, Florence, Italy
The fall speeds of sub-100 micron ice crystals
Creators: name: Westbrook, C. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Estimates for the sedimentation rate of realistic ice crystals at sizes smaller than 100 $μ$m are presented. These calculations, which exploit new results for the capacitance of ice crystals, are compared with laboratory studies and found to be in good agreement. The results highlight a weakness in contemporary ice particle fall speed parameterisations for very small crystals, which can lead to sedimentation rates being overestimated by a factor of two. The theoretical approach applied here may also be useful for calculating the sedimentation rate and mobility of non-spherical aerosol particles.
The legal capture of British Columbia’s fisheries: a study of law and colonialism
Creators: name: Harris, Douglas C.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This is a study of the human conflict over fish in late nineteenth and early twentieth century British Columbia, and of how that conflict was shaped by law. Law, understood broadly to include both the legal forms of the Canadian state and those of Native peoples, defined and in part created both Native and state fisheries. When those fisheries clashed, one finds conflict between legal systems. When one fishery sought to replace the other, its laws had to replace the other. Thus, this is a study of law and colonialism, seen through a close analysis of the conflict over fish. Native fisheries and the web of regulation surrounding them preceded non-Native interest in British Columbia's fish. The fishery was not an open-access resource, but rather a commons, defined by entitlements, prohibitions and sanctions that allowed certain activity, proscribed others, permitted one group to catch fish at certain times in particular locations with particular technology, and prohibited others. The Canadian state denied the legitimacy and even the existence of Native fisheries law in imposing its law on the fishery. This study, based largely on government records and a secondary anthropological literature, describes the legal apparatus constructed by the Canadian state to reduce Native control of the fisheries in British Columbia through the creation, in law, of the "Indian food fishery". Law became a means of constructing a particular economic and social order that marginalized Native participation in the fishery and eliminated Native control. It was a "rhetoric of legitimation" that supported state domination, but also local resistance. Native peoples and their supporters used law, both Native and state law, to defend their fisheries. The history of the conflict over fish is the history of competing legal cultures, and the struggle on the Cowichan River and the Babine River over fish weirs reveals those cultures, constructed in opposition to each other. The study concludes by integrating the local conflicts over fish into a wider literature on law and colonialism, reflecting on the role of law in particular colonial settings.
Entanglement of electrons in interacting molecules
Creators: name: Maiolo, Tina A. C.
name: Della Sala, Fabio
name: Martina, Luigi
name: Soliani, Giulio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum entanglement is a concept commonly used with reference to the existence of certain correlations in quantum systems that have no classical interpretation. It is a useful resource to enhance the mutual information of memory channels or to accelerate some quantum processes as, for example, the factorization in Shor's Algorithm. Moreover, entanglement is a physical observable directly measured by the von Neumann entropy of the system. We have used this concept in order to give a physical meaning to the electron correlation energy in systems of interacting electrons. The electronic correlation is not directly observable, since it is defined as the difference between the exact ground state energy of the many--electrons Schroedinger equation and the Hartree--Fock energy. We have calculated the correlation energy and compared with the entanglement, as functions of the nucleus--nucleus separation using, for the hydrogen molecule, the Configuration Interaction method. Then, in the same spirit, we have analyzed a dimer of ethylene, which represents the simplest organic conjugate system, changing the relative orientation and distance of the molecules, in order to obtain the configuration corresponding to maximum entanglement.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures, standard latex
Overview and Perspectives in Nuclear Physics
Creators: name: Weise, Wolfram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This presentation reviews recent guiding themes in the broad context of nuclear physics, from developments in chiral effective field theory applied to nuclear systems, via the phases and structures of QCD, to matter under extreme conditions in heavy-ion collisions and neutron stars.
description: Proc. Int. Nuclear Physics Conference INPC2007, Tokyo
Where do statistical models come from? Revisiting the problem of specification
Creators: name: Spanos, Aris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62N-03, 62A01, 62J20, 60J65 (Primary)

description: R. A. Fisher founded modern statistical inference in 1922 and identified its fundamental problems to be: specification, estimation and distribution. Since then the problem of statistical model specification has received scant attention in the statistics literature. The paper traces the history of statistical model specification, focusing primarily on pioneers like Fisher, Neyman, and more recently Lehmann and Cox, and attempts a synthesis of their views in the context of the Probabilistic Reduction (PR) approach. As argued by Lehmann [11], a major stumbling block for a general approach to statistical model specification has been the delineation of the appropriate role for substantive subject matter information. The PR approach demarcates the interrelated but complemenatry roles of substantive and statistical information summarized ab initio in the form of a structural and a statistical model, respectively. In an attempt to preserve the integrity of both sources of information, as well as to ensure the reliability of their fusing, a purely probabilistic construal of statistical models is advocated. This probabilistic construal is then used to shed light on a number of issues relating to specification, including the role of preliminary data analysis, structural vs. statistical models, model specification vs. model selection, statistical vs. substantive adequacy and model validation.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/074921706000000419 in the IMS Lecture Notes--Monograph Series (http://www.imstat.org/publications/lecnotes.htm) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
title: Text/Conference Paper
Creators: name: Bartels, Mareike
name: Lübcke, Eileen
name: Reimann, Gabi
name: Huckfeldt, Finja
name: van den Berk, Ivo
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Educational Patterns
subject: Didaktische Entwurfsmuster
subject: Hochschuldidaktik
subject: Lehr-Lernforschung
subject: Lehrpraxis
subject: Lehrqualität
subject: Open Access
subject: Open Content
subject: Open Research

description: Über die Dokumentation hochschulischer Lehr-Lernarrangements in Form von Patterns werden auf der Plattform Patternpool erprobte Lösungsstrukturen einfach zugänglich gemacht. Lehrende können Patterns bedarfs- und problemorientiert suchen, rezipieren und im besten Fall in der eigenen Lehrpraxis anwenden (Open Content). Hochschulbildungsforschende können die Lehr-Lernarrangements in Bezug auf verschiedene Fragestellungen analysieren, vergleichen und daraus Erkenntnisse für die Hochschuldidaktik generieren (Open Research). Patternpool zielt somit auf den unmittelbaren Transfer von erprobten Lösungen in Lehrveranstaltungen sowie auf den mittelbaren Transfer durch hochschuldidaktische Beratungen, Workshops und Forschung ab.
title: Text/Conference Paper
Creators: name: Massing, Till
name: Reckmann, Natalie
name: Otto, Benjamin
name: Blasberg, Alexander
name: Hanck, Christoph
name: Goedicke, Michael
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Selbstlernkurs
subject: Lehramtsstudiengänge
subject: Praxissemester

description: Das Praxissemester ist ein integraler Bestandteil in allen Lehramtsstudiengängen in Nordrhein-Westfalen. Dieses wird von der universitären Seite begleitet durch Seminarmodule, in denen eigene forschungsbezogene Abschlussberichte verfasst werden sollen. An vielen Universitäten ist jedoch eine Methodenausbildung nicht fest verankert. Um diese Lücke zu schließen wurde an der Universität Duisburg-Essen ein vollständig Online-basierter Selbstlernkurs entworfen. Das Konzept dieses Kurses und die Auswertung der angefallenen Daten ist der Fokus dieses Posters.
Analysis of the Impact of High-Frequency Trading on Artificial Market Liquidity
Creators: name: Yagi, Isao
name: Masuda, Yuji
name: Mizuta, Takanobu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Trading and Market Microstructure (q-fin.TR)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many empirical studies have discussed market liquidity, which is regarded as a measure of a booming financial market. Further, various indicators for objectively evaluating market liquidity have also been proposed and their merits have been discussed. In recent years, the impact of high-frequency traders (HFTs) on financial markets has been a focal concern, but no studies have systematically discussed their relationship with major market liquidity indicators, including volume, tightness, resiliency, and depth. In this study, we used agent-based simulations to compare the major liquidity indicators in an artificial market where an HFT participated was compared to one where no HFT participated. The results showed that all liquidity indicators in the market where an HFT participated improved more than those in the market where no HFT participated. Furthermore, as a result of investigating the correlations between the major liquidity indicators in our simulations and the extant empirical literature, we found that market liquidity can be measured not only by the major liquidity indicators but also by execution rate. Therefore, it is suggested that it could be appropriate to employ execution rate as a novel liquidity indicator in future studies.
Chiral properties of the zero-field spiral state and field-induced magnetic phases of the itinerant kagome metal YMn$_6$Sn$_6$
Creators: name: Dally, Rebecca L.
name: Michel, Dina
name: Siegfried, Peter
name: Mazin, Igor I.
name: Ghimire, Nirmal J.
name: Lynn, Jeffrey W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Applying a magnetic field in the hexagonal plane of YMn$_6$Sn$_6$ leads to a complex magnetic phase diagram of commensurate and incommensurate phases, one of which coexists with the topological Hall effect (THE) generated by a unique fluctuation-driven mechanism. Using unpolarized neutron diffraction, we report on the solved magnetic structure for two previously identified, but unknown, commensurate phases. These include a low-temperature, high-field fan-like phase and a room-temperature, low-field canted antiferromagnetic phase. An intermediate incommensurate phase between the fan-like and forced ferromagnetic phases is also identified as the last known phase of the in-plane field-temperature diagram. Additional characterization using synchrotron powder diffraction reveals extremely high-quality, single-phase crystals, which suggests that the presence of two incommensurate magnetic structures throughout much of the phase diagram is an intrinsic property of the system. Interestingly, polarized neutron diffraction shows that the centrosymmetric system hosts preferential chirality in the zero-field double-flat-spiral phase, which, along with the THE, is a topologically non-trivial characteristic.
title: Text/Conference Paper
Creators: name: Wollny, Sebastian
name: Schneider, Jan
name: Rittberger, Marc
name: Drachsler, Hendrik
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Learner Modeling
subject: Personalization
subject: Adaptive Hypermedia
subject: Learning Analytics
subject: Recommender Systems
subject: Open Educational Resources
subject: Online Libraries
subject: Online Educational Portals
subject: Digital Assistants
subject: Chatbots

description: Online educational Portals (OEPs) subsume a field of online repositories for a wide range of stakeholders. They are characterized by easily accessible structures that do not require visitor accounts. Most OEPs therefore provide content in one way to all visitors also known as “one size fits all” approach. With this study, we examine if Web Analytics data can be used to infer the modeling of learners for OEPs. This would be the basis for additional and more personalized ways of providing content to various stakeholders. In order to draw conclusions about opportunities and limitations of Web Analytics in this regard, the data structure of the Fachportal Pädagogik, as one of the largest educational OEPs in Germany, is compared with a common Learner Modeling Framework. The evaluation of the results finally leads to two major challenges that must be overcome in order to achieve personalized content and learning experiences on OEPs.
title: Text/Conference Paper
Creators: name: Bernoth, Jan
name: Kiy, Alexander
name: Lucke, Ulrike
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Analytics
subject: Learning Analytics
subject: Dashboard
subject: Data Visualisation

description: Sämtliche Bereiche der Hochschule sind durch zunehmenden Einsatz digitaler Medien und Systeme gekennzeichnet. Dabei fallen in verschiedenen Systemen Daten an, die visuell und semantisch in Form von Analytics-Dashboards aufbereitet von den Nutzenden zur Optimierung von Kern­prozessen aus Forschung und Lehre verwendet werden können. Während Learning Analytics lediglich auf den Teil­bereich Lehre und Studium abzielt, werden in diesem Posterbeitrag auch Prozesse für Forschung und Transfer betrachtet. Darüber hinaus werden Ideen für ein hochschulweit nutzbares Analytics-Dashboard sowie entwickelte Anwendungsszenarien präsentiert.
REEEM-D5.2_Focus Report on Health Impacts and External Costs due to Air Pollution
Creators: name: REEEM Project
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: Within the framework of the REEEM project this report analyses health impacts and external costs due to air pollution as one indicator of a sustainable energy system as part of the REEEM Work Package 5 on Environment, Health and Resources. To achieve clean air and a low-carbon society, climate change mitigation and air pollution control policies need to be considered simultaneously in an integrated assessment since both interact with each other. For this task the energy system model is linked with an impact assessment model. In a comparative scenario analysis based on detailed estimations of impacts and external costs due to air pollution interactions and co-benefits between climate change mitigation and air pollution control are identified The three considered decarbonisation pathways are all characterized by ambitious decarbonisation targets, with one also having a dedicated target for a high share of renewable energy sources. To be also able to analyse the effect of air pollution control on the European energy system and its decarbonisation, marginal damage costs are estimated for several air pollutants and fed back to the energy system model as unit cost factors in the third pathway.
Multi-neutron transfer in $^{8}$He induced reactions near the Coulomb barrier
Creators: name: Martel, I.
name: Keeley, N.
name: Kemper, K. W.
name: Rusek, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The measured inclusive $^6$He and $^4$He production cross sections of G. Marqu{í}nez-Dur{á}n {\em et al.}, Phys.\ Rev.\ C {\bf 98}, 034615 (2018) are reexamined and the conclusions concerning the relative importance of 1n and 2n transfer to the production of $^6$He arising from the interaction of a 22 MeV $^8$He beam with a $^{208}$Pb target revised. A consideration of the kinematics of the 2n-stripping reaction when compared with the measured $^6$He total energy versus angle spectrum places strict limits on the allowed excitation energy of the $^{210}$Pb residual, so constraining distorted wave Born approximation calculations that the contribution of the 2n stripping process to the inclusive $^6$He production can only be relatively small. It is therefore concluded that the dominant $^6$He production mechanism must be 1n stripping followed by decay of the $^7$He ejectile. Based on this result we present strong arguments in favor of direct, one step four-neutron (4n) stripping as the main mechanism for $^4$He production.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures
A New Zealand White rabbit model of thrombocytopenia and coagulopathy following total body irradiation across the dose range to induce the hematopoietic-subsyndrome of acute radiation syndrome
Creators: name: Jackson, Isabel L.
name: Gurung, Ganga
name: Poirier, Yannick
name: Gopalakrishnan, Mathangi
name: Cohen, Eric P.
name: Donohue, Terez-Shea
name: Newman, Diana
name: Vujaskovic, Zeljko
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: The purpose if this study was to develop a rabbit model of total body irradiation (TBI) -induced thrombocytopenia and coagulopathy across the dose-range which induces the hematopoietic subsyndrome of the acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS). Twenty male New Zealand White rabbits were assigned to arms to receive 6-MV of TBI at a dose of 6.5, 7.5, 8.5 or 9.5 Gy. Animals were treated with moderate levels of supportive care including buprenorphine for pain management, antibiotics, antipyretics for rectal body temperature >104.8 °F, and fluids for signs of dehydration. Animals were closelyfollowed for up to 45 days after TBI for signs of major morbidity/mortality. Hematology and serum chemistry parameters were routinely monitored. Hemostasis parameters were analyzed prior to TBI, 2 and 6 hours post-TBI, and at the time of euthanasia. Animals developed the characteristic signs and symptoms of H-ARS during the first-week post TBI. Animals became thrombocytopenic with signs of severe acute anemia during the second week post TBI. Moribund animals presented with petechia and ecchymosis of the skin and generalized internal hemorrhage. Multiorgan dysfunction characterized by bone marrow failure, gastric ileus, acute renal toxicity, and liver abnormalities were common. Severe abnormalities in coagulation parameters were observed. The presentation of bone marrow failure and multiorogan injury associated with ARS in the New Zealand White rabbit model is consistent with that described in the canine, swine, non-human primate, and in humans. The hemorrhagic syndrome associated with the ARS in rabbits is characterized by thrombocytopenia and hemostasis dysfunction, which appear to underlie the development of multiorgan dysfunction following TBI to rabbits. Taken together, the rabbit recapitulates the pathogenesis of ARS in humans, and may present an alternative small animal model for medical countermeasure pilot efficacy screening, dose-finding and schedule optimization studies prior to moving into large animal models of TBI-induced ARS.
Mixing in the Solar Nebula: Implications for Isotopic Heterogeneity and Large-Scale Transport of Refractory Grains
Creators: name: Boss, Alan P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery of refractory grains amongst the particles collected from Comet 81P/Wild 2 by the Stardust spacecraft (Brownlee et al. 2006) provides the ground truth for large-scale transport of materials formed in high temperature regions close to the protosun outward to the comet-forming regions of the solar nebula. While accretion disk models driven by a generic turbulent viscosity have been invoked as a means to explain such large-scale transport, the detailed physics behind such an ``alpha'' viscosity remains unclear. We present here an alternative physical mechanism for large-scale transport in the solar nebula: gravitational torques associated with the transient spiral arms in a marginally gravitationally unstable disk, of the type that appears to be necessary to form gas giant planets. Three dimensional models are presented of the time evolution of self-gravitating disks, including radiative transfer and detailed equations of state, showing that small dust grains will be transported upstream and downstream (with respect to the mean inward flow of gas and dust being accreted by the central protostar) inside the disk on time scales of less than 1000 yr inside 10 AU. These models furthermore show that any initial spatial heterogeneities present (e.g., in short-lived isotopes such as 26Al) will be homogenized by disk mixing down to a level of ~10%, preserving the use of short-lived isotopes as accurate nebular chronometers, while simultaneously allowing for the spread of stable oxygen isotope ratios. This finite level of nebular spatial heterogeneity appears to be related to the coarse mixing achieved by spiral arms, with radial widths of order 1 AU, over time scales of ~1000 yrs.
description: 22 pages, 10 figures. Earth & Planetary Science Letters, accepted
Correlations among Game of Thieves and other centrality measures in complex networks
Creators: name: Ficara, Annamaria
name: Fiumara, Giacomo
name: De Meo, Pasquale
name: Liotta, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Social Network Analysis (SNA) is used to study the exchange of resources among individuals, groups, or organizations. The role of individuals or connections in a network is described by a set of centrality metrics which represent one of the most important results of SNA. Degree, closeness, betweenness and clustering coefficient are the most used centrality measures. Their use is, however, severely hampered by their computation cost. This issue can be overcome by an algorithm called Game of Thieves (GoT). Thanks to this new algorithm, we can compute the importance of all elements in a network (i.e. vertices and edges), compared to the total number of vertices. This calculation is done not in a quadratic time, as when we use the classical methods, but in polylogarithmic time. Starting from this we present our results on the correlation existing between GoT and the most widely used centrality measures. From our experiments emerge that a strong correlation exists, which makes GoT eligible as a centrality measure for large scale complex networks.
Global Geometric Deformations of the Virasoro algebra, current and affine algebras by Krichever-Novikov type algebra
Creators: name: Fialowski, Alice
name: Schlichenmaier, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 17B66, 17B56, 17B65, 17B68, 14D15, 14H52, 30F30, 81T40

description: In two earlier articles we constructed algebraic-geometric families of genus one (i.e. elliptic) Lie algebras of Krichever-Novikov type. The considered algebras are vector fields, current and affine Lie algebras. These families deform the Witt algebra, the Virasoro algebra, the classical current, and the affine Kac-Moody Lie algebras respectively. The constructed families are not equivalent (not even locally) to the trivial families, despite the fact that the classical algebras are formally rigid. This effect is due to the fact that the algebras are infinite dimensional. In this article the results are reviewed and developed further. The constructions are induced by the geometric process of degenerating the elliptic curves to singular cubics. The algebras are of relevance in the global operator approach to the Wess-Zumino-Witten-Novikov models appearing in the quantization of Conformal Field Theory.
description: 17 pages
Bound of dissipation on a plane Couette dynamo
Creators: name: Alboussiere, Thierry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Variational turbulence is among the few approaches providing rigorous results in turbulence. In addition, it addresses a question of direct practical interest, namely the rate of energy dissipation. Unfortunately, only an upper bound is obtained as a larger functional space than the space of solutions to the Navier-Stokes equations is searched. Yet, in general, this upper bound is in good agreement with experimental results in terms of order of magnitude and power law of the imposed Reynolds number. In this paper, the variational approach to turbulence is extended to the case of dynamo action and an upper bound is obtained for the global dissipation rate (viscous and Ohmic). A simple plane Couette flow is investigated. For low magnetic Prandtl number $P_m$ fluids, the upper bound of energy dissipation is that of classical turbulence (i.e. proportional to the cubic power of the shear velocity) for magnetic Reynolds numbers below $P_m^{-1}$ and follows a steeper evolution for magnetic Reynolds numbers above $P_m^{-1}$ (i.e. proportional to the shear velocity to the power four) in the case of electrically insulating walls. However, the effect of wall conductance is crucial : for a given value of wall conductance, there is a value for the magnetic Reynolds number above which energy dissipation cannot be bounded. This limiting magnetic Reynolds number is inversely proportional to the square root of the conductance of the wall. Implications in terms of energy dissipation in experimental and natural dynamos are discussed.
description: In this new version, amistake (in equation 23 of the first version) is corrected
The Maximum Patch Method for Directional Dark Matter Detection
Creators: name: Henderson, Shawn
name: Monroe, Jocelyn
name: Fisher, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Present and planned dark matter detection experiments search for WIMP-induced nuclear recoils in poorly known background conditions. In this environment, the maximum gap statistical method provides a way of setting more sensitive cross section upper limits by incorporating known signal information. We give a recipe for the numerical calculation of upper limits for planned directional dark matter detection experiments, that will measure both recoil energy and angle, based on the gaps between events in two-dimensional phase space.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures; minor textual corrections, filled in an important missing detail relating to the method, publication version
On Deep Network Optimization
Creators: name: Kenneweg, Philip
Publisher: name: Universität Bielefeld
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: 000

description: Optimization is a fundamental task in machine learning, critical for training large
and deep networks that have become prevalent in recent years. These networks
demand significant computational resources, motivating research into improving the
efficiency and effectiveness of the optimization process. We focus on two optimization
aspects in this thesis:

First, Improving the gradient descent procedure used in every deep learning
pipeline using the classical field of line search methods.
Second, improving learning procedures for transformers by means of individual
learning rates, attention heads and debiasing steps.

To be more precise, current back-propagation schemes are dominated by stochastic
gradient techniques which depend on the step size as a hyperparameter, the first
part of this research investigates line search methods as more general schemes which
determine the optimum learning rate automatically. We do this by analyzing failure
cases and the loss landscape, thereby proposing several enhancements to the current
state-of-the-art techniques in deep learning. Specifically, we introduce adaptations
to the classical line search to better handle mini-batching, a numerical approach for
integrating line searches with other optimizers, and a layer-wise line search algorithm.
Our proposed methods demonstrate superior performance across various tasks and
architectures, outperforming existing methods.

Transformers constitute a particularly prominent deep architecture which is used
in diverse tasks including natural language processing, vision, time series predictions
and many more. The second part of this thesis addresses several issues when training
or fine-tuning transformer-based architectures. We explore optimization avenues
such as mitigating catastrophic forgetting in transformers, addressing biases in large
language models, and improving transformer classification head design. For each
issue, we identify specific problems, propose enhancements, and validate them
through extensive experiments.

Our findings indicate that applying these line search methods and transformer
improvements, whether individually or in combination, significantly advances the
state-of-the-art in optimizing deep networks, particularly transformers. This research
not only provides a solid foundation for future studies but also has broad impli-
cations for the development of more efficient and robust neural network training
methodologies.

The contributions of this thesis lie in both theoretical advancements and practical
applications, offering new insights and tools for optimizing deep learning processes.
Modeling inequality and spread in multiple regression
Creators: name: Aaberge, Rolf
name: Bjerve, Steinar
name: Doksum, Kjell
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: General Finance (q-fin.GN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 62F99, 62G99, 61J99 (Primary) 91B02, 91C99 (Secondary)

description: We consider concepts and models for measuring inequality in the distribution of resources with a focus on how inequality varies as a function of covariates. Lorenz introduced a device for measuring inequality in the distribution of income that indicates how much the incomes below the u$^{th}$ quantile fall short of the egalitarian situation where everyone has the same income. Gini introduced a summary measure of inequality that is the average over u of the difference between the Lorenz curve and its values in the egalitarian case. More generally, measures of inequality are useful for other response variables in addition to income, e.g. wealth, sales, dividends, taxes, market share and test scores. In this paper we show that a generalized van Zwet type dispersion ordering for distributions of positive random variables induces an ordering on the Lorenz curve, the Gini coefficient and other measures of inequality. We use this result and distributional orderings based on transformations of distributions to motivate parametric and semiparametric models whose regression coefficients measure effects of covariates on inequality. In particular, we extend a parametric Pareto regression model to a flexible semiparametric regression model and give partial likelihood estimates of the regression coefficients and a baseline distribution that can be used to construct estimates of the various conditional measures of inequality.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/074921706000000428 in the IMS Lecture Notes--Monograph Series (http://www.imstat.org/publications/lecnotes.htm) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)