cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal piezoelectric resonant photoelastic modulator for efficient intensity modulation at megahertz frequencies
Creators: name: Atalar, Okan
name: Van Laer, Raphaël
name: Safavi-Naeini, Amir H.
name: Arbabian, Amin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Intensity modulators are an essential component in optics for controlling free-space beams. Many applications require the intensity of a free-space beam to be modulated at a single frequency, including wide-field lock-in detection for sensitive measurements, mode-locking in lasers, and phase-shift time-of-flight imaging (LiDAR). Here, we report a new type of single frequency intensity modulator that we refer to as a longitudinal piezoelectric resonant photoelastic modulator. The modulator consists of a thin lithium niobate wafer coated with transparent surface electrodes. One of the fundamental acoustic modes of the modulator is excited through the surface electrodes, confining an acoustic standing wave to the electrode region. The modulator is placed between optical polarizers; light propagating through the modulator and polarizers is intensity modulated with a wide acceptance angle and record breaking modulation efficiency in the megahertz frequency regime. As an illustration of the potential of our approach, we show that the proposed modulator can be integrated with a standard image sensor to effectively convert it into a time-of-flight imaging system.
description: 23 pages, 11 figures
Scientific multi-agent reinforcement learning for wall-models of turbulent flows
Creators: name: Bae, H. Jane
name: Koumoutsakos, Petros
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The predictive capabilities of turbulent flow simulations, critical for aerodynamic design and weather prediction, hinge on the choice of turbulence models. The abundance of data from experiments and simulations and the advent of machine learning have provided a boost to turbulence modeling efforts. However, simulations of turbulent flows remain hindered by the inability of heuristics and supervised learning to model the near-wall dynamics. We address this challenge by introducing scientific multi-agent reinforcement learning (SciMARL) for the discovery of wall models for large-eddy simulations (LES). In SciMARL, discretization points act also as cooperating agents that learn to supply the LES closure model. The agents self-learn using limited data and generalize to extreme Reynolds numbers and previously unseen geometries. The present simulations reduce by several orders of magnitude the computational cost over fully-resolved simulations while reproducing key flow quantities. We believe that SciMARL creates unprecedented capabilities for the simulation of turbulent flows.
Gravitational bending angle with finite distances by Casimir wormholes
Creators: name: Carvalho, I. D. D.
name: Alencar, G.
name: Muniz, C. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we investigate the gravitational bending angle due to the Casimir wormholes, which consider the Casimir energy as the source. Furthermore, some of these Casimir wormholes regard Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP) corrections of Casimir energy. We use the Ishihara method for the Jacobi metric, which allows us to study the bending angle of light and massive test particles for finite distances. Beyond the uncorrected Casimir source, we consider many GUP corrections, namely: the Kempf, Mangano and Mann (KMM) model, the Detournay, Gabriel and Spindel (DGS) model, and the so-called type II model for the GUP principle. We also find the deflection angle of light and massive particles in the case of the receiver and the source are far away from the lens. In this case, we also compute the optical scalars: convergence and shear for these Casimir wormholes as a gravitational weak lens.
description: 25 pages, 1 figure, Minor corrections, typos fixed, references added
RootPainter3D: Interactive-machine-learning enables rapid and accurate contouring for radiotherapy
Creators: name: Smith, Abraham George
name: Petersen, Jens
name: Terrones-Campos, Cynthia
name: Berthelsen, Anne Kiil
name: Forbes, Nora Jarrett
name: Darkner, Sune
name: Specht, Lena
name: Vogelius, Ivan Richter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Organ-at-risk contouring is still a bottleneck in radiotherapy, with many deep learning methods falling short of promised results when evaluated on clinical data. We investigate the accuracy and time-savings resulting from the use of an interactive-machine-learning method for an organ-at-risk contouring task. We compare the method to the Eclipse contouring software and find strong agreement with manual delineations, with a dice score of 0.95. The annotations created using corrective-annotation also take less time to create as more images are annotated, resulting in substantial time savings compared to manual methods, with hearts that take 2 minutes and 2 seconds to delineate on average, after 923 images have been delineated, compared to 7 minutes and 1 seconds when delineating manually. Our experiment demonstrates that interactive-machine-learning with corrective-annotation provides a fast and accessible way for non computer-scientists to train deep-learning models to segment their own structures of interest as part of routine clinical workflows. Source code is available at \href{https://github.com/Abe404/RootPainter3D}{this HTTPS URL}.
The Dawn of Disk Formation in a Milky Way-sized Galaxy Halo: Thin Stellar Disks at $z > 4$
Creators: name: Tamfal, Tomas
name: Mayer, Lucio
name: Quinn, Thomas R.
name: Babul, Arif
name: Madau, Piero
name: Capelo, Pedro R.
name: Shen, Sijing
name: Staub, Marius
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results from \textsc{GigaEris}, a cosmological, $N$-body hydrodynamical "zoom-in" simulation of the formation of a Milky Way-sized galaxy halo with unprecedented resolution, encompassing of order a billion particles within the refined region. The simulation employs a modern implementation of smoothed-particle hydrodynamics, including metal-line cooling and metal and thermal diffusion. We focus on the early assembly of the galaxy, down to redshift $z=4.4$. The simulated galaxy has properties consistent with extrapolations of the main sequence of star-forming galaxies to higher redshifts and levels off to a star formation rate of $\sim$60$\, M_{\odot}$~yr$^{-1}$ at $z=4.4$. A compact, thin rotating stellar disk with properties analogous to those of low-redshift systems arises already at $z \sim 8$. The galaxy rapidly develops a multi-component structure, and the disk, at least at these early stages, does not grow "upside-down" as often reported in the literature. Rather, at any given time, newly born stars contribute to sustain a thin disk. The kinematics reflect the early, ubiquitous presence of a thin disk, as a stellar disk component with $v_ϕ/σ_R$ larger than unity is already present at $z \sim 9$--10. Our results suggest that high-resolution spectro-photometric observations of very high-redshift galaxies should find thin rotating disks, consistent with the recent discovery of cold rotating gas disks by ALMA. Finally, we present synthetic images for the JWST NIRCam camera, showing how the early disk would be easily detectable already at those early times.
description: 19 pages, 14 figures, 1 table, accepted to ApJ
Ground states of a coupled pseudo-relativistic Hartree system: existence and concentration behavior
Creators: name: He, Huiting
name: Liu, Chungen
name: Zuo, Jiabin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35Q40, 35B40, 35R11

description: This paper is concerned with the ground states of a coupled pseudo-relativistic Hartree system in $\mathbb{R} ^{3} $ with trapping potentials, where the intraspecies and the interspecies interaction are both attractive. By investigating an associated constraint minimization problem, the existence and non-existence of ground states are classified completely. Under certain conditions on the trapping potentials, we present a precise analysis on the concentration behavior of the minimizers as the coupling coefficient goes to a critical value, where the minimizers blow up and the maximum point sequence concentrates at a global minima of the associated trapping potentials. We also identify an optimal blowing up rate under polynomial potentials by establishing some delicate estimates of energy functionals.
description: 34 pages
A one-component patchy-particle icosahedral quasicrystal
Creators: name: Noya, Eva G.
name: Doye, Jonathan P. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Designing particles that are able to form icosahedral quasicrystals (IQCs) and that are as simple as possible is not only of fundamental interest but is also important to the potential realization of IQCs in materials other than metallic alloys. Here we introduce one-component patchy-particle systems that in simulations are able to form face-centred IQCs that are made up of interconnected icosahedra. The directional bonding of the particles facilitates the formation of a network of bonds with icosahedral orientational order and hence quasiperiodic positional order. The assembled quasicrystals have similar energies to periodic approximants but are entropically stabilized by phason disorder. Their long-range quasiperiodic order is confirmed by a higher-dimensional analysis. These materials, which are predicted to have an almost spherical photonic band gap, can potentially be realized via protein design and DNA origami particles.
description: main: 15 pages, 3 figures; Supplementary: 38 pages, 16 figures
Supplementary Tables from Antagonistically pleiotropic allele increases lifespan and late-life reproduction at the cost of early-life reproduction and individual fitness
Creators: name: Maklakov, Alexei A.
name: Carlsson, Hanne
name: Denbaum, Philip
name: Lind, Martin I.
name: Mautz, Brian
name: Hinas, Andrea
name: Immler, Simone
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology

description: Evolutionary theory of ageing maintains that increased allocation to early-life reproduction results in reduced somatic maintenance, which is predicted to compromise longevity and late-life reproduction. This prediction has been challenged by the discovery of long-lived mutants with no loss of fecundity. The first such long-lived mutant was found in the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans. Specifically, partial loss-of-function mutation in the age-1 gene, involved in the nutrient-sensing insulin/insulin-like growth factor signalling pathway, confers longevity, as well as increased resistance to pathogens and to temperature stress without appreciable fitness detriment. Here, we show that the long-lived age-1(hx546) mutant has reduced fecundity and offspring production in early-life, but increased fecundity, hatching success and offspring production in late-life compared with wild-type worms under standard conditions. However, reduced early-life performance of long-lived mutant animals was not fully compensated by improved performance in late-life and resulted in reduced individual fitness. These results suggest that the age-1(hx546) allele has opposing effects on early-life versus late-life fitness in accordance with antagonistic pleiotropy (AP) and disposable soma theories of ageing. These findings support the theoretical conjecture that experimental studies based on standing genetic variation underestimate the importance of AP in the evolution of ageing.
Universal unitary transfer of continuous-variable quantum states into a few qubits
Creators: name: Hastrup, Jacob
name: Park, Kimin
name: Brask, Jonatan Bohr
name: Filip, Radim
name: Andersen, Ulrik Lund
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a protocol for transferring arbitrary continuous-variable quantum states into a few discrete-variable qubits and back. The protocol is deterministic and utilizes only two-mode Rabi-type interactions which are readily available in trapped-ion and superconducting circuit platforms. The inevitable errors caused by transferring an infinite-dimensional state into a finite-dimensional register are suppressed exponentially with the number of qubits. Furthermore, the encoded states exhibit robustness against noise, such as dephasing and amplitude damping, acting on the qubits. Our protocol thus provides a powerful and flexible tool for discrete-continuous hybrid quantum systems.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Universal bounds on cooling power and cooling efficiency for autonomous absorption refrigerators
Creators: name: Mohanta, Sandipan
name: Saryal, Sushant
name: Agarwalla, Bijay Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For steady-state autonomous absorption refrigerators operating in the linear response regime, we show that there exists a hierarchy between the relative fluctuation of currents for cold, hot, and work terminals. Our proof requires the Onsager's reciprocity relation along with the refrigeration condition that sets the direction of the mean currents for each terminal. As a consequence, the universal bounds on the mean cooling power, obtained following the thermodynamic uncertainty relations, receive a hierarchy. Interestingly, within this hierarchy, the tightest bound is given in terms of the work current fluctuation. Furthermore, the relative uncertainty hierarchy hands over additional bounds that can be tighter than the bounds obtained from the thermodynamic uncertainty relations. Interestingly, all of these bounds saturate in the tight-coupling limit. We test the validity of our results for two paradigmatic absorption refrigerator models: (i) a four-level working fluid and (ii) a two-level working fluid, operating, respectively, in the weak (additive) and in the strong (multiplicative) system-bath interaction regime.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Electronic supplementary material from Evolvability meets biogeography: evolutionary potential decreases at high and low environmental favourability
Creators: name: J. Martínez-Padilla
name: A. Estrada
name: R. Early
name: F. Garcia-Gonzalez
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Understanding and forecasting the effects of environmental change on wild populations requires knowledge on a critical question: Do populations have the ability to evolve in response to that change? However, our knowledge on how evolution works in wild conditions under different environmental circumstances is extremely limited. We investigated how environmental variation influences the evolutionary potential of phenotypic traits. We used published data to collect or calculate 135 estimates of evolvability of morphological traits of European wild bird populations. We characterized the environmental favourability of each population throughout the species' breeding distribution. Our results suggest that the evolutionary potential of morphological traits decreases as environmental favourability becomes high or low. Strong environmental selection pressures and high intra-specific competition may reduce species' evolutionary potential in low and high favourability areas, respectively. This suggests that species may be least able to adapt to new climate conditions at their range margins and at the centre. Our results underscore the need to consider the evolutionary potential of populations when studying the drivers of species distributions, particularly when predicting the effects of environmental change. We discuss the utility of integrating evolutionary dynamics into a biogeographical perspective to understand how environmental variation shapes evolutionary patterns. This approach would also produce more reliable predictions about the effect of environmental change on population persistence and therefore on biodiversity.
Criteria used in rating figure 10 from Inspiration for wing design: how forelimb specialization enables active flight in modern vertebrates
Creators: name: Chin, Diana D.
name: Matloff, Laura Y.
name: Stowers, Amanda Kay
name: Tucci, Emily R.
name: Lentink, David
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biological Engineering
subject: 110601 Biomechanics
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 90301 Biomaterials
subject: FOS: Medical engineering
subject: 30402 Biomolecular Modelling and Design
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Criteria used to rate maneuverability, glide ratio, speed, adaptability and robustness in figure 10.
Chameleon Early Dark Energy and the Hubble Tension
Creators: name: Karwal, Tanvi
name: Raveri, Marco
name: Jain, Bhuvnesh
name: Khoury, Justin
name: Trodden, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Early dark energy (EDE) offers a particularly interesting theoretical approach to the Hubble tension, albeit one that introduces its own set of challenges, including a new `why then' problem related to the EDE injection time at matter-radiation equality, and a mild worsening of the large-scale structure (LSS) tension. Both these challenges center on the properties of dark matter, which becomes the dominant component of the Universe at EDE injection and is also responsible for seeding LSS. Motivated by this, we present the potential of couplings between EDE and dark matter to address these challenges, focusing on a mechanism similar to chameleon dark energy theories, deeming this chameleon early dark energy (CEDE). We present relevant background and perturbation equations and study the dynamics of the case of a quartic scalar potential and an exponential coupling.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures. V2: one equation corrected, one error corrected in code, results updated accordingly
Nonlinear model identification and spectral submanifolds for multi-degree-of-freedom mechanical vibrations
Creators: name: Szalai, Robert
name: Ehrhardt, David
name: Haller, George
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mechanical Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering
subject: 10299 Applied Mathematics not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Electronic Supplementary Material
Observation of long turn-on delay in pulsed quantum cascade lasers
Creators: name: Cherotchenko, E. D.
name: Dudelev, V. V.
name: Mikhailov, D. A.
name: Losev, S. N.
name: Babichev, A. V.
name: Gladyshev, A. G.
name: Novikov, I. I.
name: Lutetskiy, A. V.
name: Veselov, D. A.
name: Slipchenko, S. O.
name: Pikhtin, N. A.
name: Karachinsky, L. Ya.
name: Denisov, D. V.
name: Kuchinskii, V. I.
name: Kognovitskaya, E. A.
name: Egorov, A. Yu.
name: Teissier, R.
name: Baranov, A. N.
name: Sokolovskii, G. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an experimental study of the turn-on delay in pulsed mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers. We report the unexpectedly long delay time depending on the pumping current, which does not agree with conventional theoretical predictions for step-like excitation. Similar behavior has been observed in InP- and InAs-based QCLs emitting near 8$μ$m. Numerical simulations performed using a model based on rate equations for excitation by current pulses with non-zero rise time provide fair agreement with our observations.
Enhancing clinical decision support with physiological waveforms -- a multimodal benchmark in emergency care
Creators: name: Alcaraz, Juan Miguel Lopez
name: Bouma, Hjalmar
name: Strodthoff, Nils
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Background: AI-driven prediction algorithms have the potential to enhance emergency medicine by enabling rapid and accurate decision-making regarding patient status and potential deterioration. However, the integration of multimodal data, including raw waveform signals, remains underexplored in clinical decision support. Methods: We present a dataset and benchmarking protocol designed to advance multimodal decision support in emergency care. Our models utilize demographics, biometrics, vital signs, laboratory values, and electrocardiogram (ECG) waveforms as inputs to predict both discharge diagnoses and patient deterioration. Results: The diagnostic model achieves area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) scores above 0.8 for 609 out of 1,428 conditions, covering both cardiac (e.g., myocardial infarction) and non-cardiac (e.g., renal disease, diabetes) diagnoses. The deterioration model attains AUROC scores above 0.8 for 14 out of 15 targets, accurately predicting critical events such as cardiac arrest, mechanical ventilation, ICU admission, and mortality. Conclusions: Our study highlights the positive impact of incorporating raw waveform data into decision support models, improving predictive performance. By introducing a unique, publicly available dataset and baseline models, we provide a foundation for measurable progress in AI-driven decision support for emergency care.
description: Version accepted by Computers in Biology and Medicine: 21 pages, 2 figures, code available under https://github.com/AI4HealthUOL/MDS-ED, dataset available under https://physionet.org/content/multimodal-emergency-benchmark/
A Census of the Bright z=8.5-11 Universe with the Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes in the CANDELS Fields
Creators: name: Finkelstein, Steven L.
name: Bagley, Micaela
name: Song, Mimi
name: Larson, Rebecca
name: Papovich, Casey
name: Dickinson, Mark
name: Finkelstein, Keely
name: Koekemoer, Anton M.
name: Pirzkal, Norbert
name: Somerville, Rachel S.
name: Yung, L. Y. Aaron
name: Behroozi, Peter
name: Ferguson, Harry
name: Giavalisco, Mauro
name: Grogin, Norman
name: Hathi, Nimish
name: Hutchison, Taylor
name: Jung, Intae
name: Kocevski, Dale
name: Kawinwanichakij, Lalitwadee
name: Rojas-Ruiz, Sofia
name: Ryan, Russell
name: Snyder, Gregory F.
name: Tacchella, Sandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results from a new search for candidate galaxies at z ~ 8.5-11 discovered over the 850 arcmin^2 area probed by the Cosmic Assembly Near-Infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS). We use a photometric redshift selection including both Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescope photometry to robustly identify galaxies in this epoch at F160W < 26.6. We use a detailed vetting procedure, including screening for persistence, stellar contamination, inclusion of ground-based imaging, and followup space-based imaging to build a robust sample of 11 candidate galaxies, three presented here for the first time. The inclusion of Spitzer/IRAC photometry in the selection process reduces contamination, and yields more robust redshift estimates than Hubble alone. We constrain the evolution of the rest-frame ultraviolet luminosity function via a new method of calculating the observed number densities without choosing a prior magnitude bin size. We find that the abundance at our brightest probed luminosities (M_UV=-22.3) is consistent with predictions from simulations which assume that galaxies in this epoch have gas depletion times at least as short as those in nearby starburst galaxies. Due to large Poisson and cosmic variance uncertainties we cannot conclusively rule out either a smooth evolution of the luminosity function continued from z=4-8, or an accelerate decline at z > 8. We calculate that the presence of seven galaxies in a single field (EGS) is an outlier at the 2-sigma significance level, implying the discovery of a significant overdensity. These scenarios will be imminently testable to high confidence within the first year of observations of the James Webb Space Telescope.
description: 47 figures, 25 pages, 10 tables, Accepted to the Astrophysical Journal. Photometric catalogs available via email request to lead author
String breaking in a cold wind as seen by string models
Creators: name: Andreev, Oleg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the gauge/string duality, we model a heavy quark-antiquark pair in a color singlet state moving through a cold medium and explore the consequences of temperature and velocity on string breaking. We show that the string breaking distance slowly varies with temperature and velocity away from the critical line but could fall near it.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures; v2. minor corrections, references added, Nucl.Phys.B version
High-order Harmonic Generation and its Unconventional Scaling Law in the Mott-insulating $\rm{Ca_2RuO_4}$
Creators: name: Uchida, K.
name: Mattoni, G.
name: Yonezawa, S.
name: Nakamura, F.
name: Maeno, Y.
name: Tanaka, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Competition and cooperation among orders is at the heart of many-body physics in strongly correlated materials and leads to their rich physical properties. It is crucial to investigate what impact many-body physics has on extreme nonlinear optical phenomena, with the possibility of controlling material properties by light. However, the effect of competing orders and electron-electron correlations on highly nonlinear optical phenomena has not yet been experimentally clarified. Here, we investigated high-order harmonic generation from the Mott-insulating phase of Ca2RuO4. Changing the gap energy in Ca2RuO4 as a function of temperature, we observed a strong enhancement of high order harmonic generation at 50 K, increasing up to several hundred times compared to room temperature. We discovered that this enhancement can be well-reproduced by an empirical scaling law that depends only on the material gap energy and photon emission energy. Such scaling law cannot be explained by a simple two-band model under the single electron approximation. Our results suggest that the highly nonlinear optical response of strongly correlated materials is deeply coupled to their electron-electron correlations and resultant many-body electronic structure.
Quantum simulation of operator spreading in the chaotic Ising model
Creators: name: Geller, Michael R.
name: Arrasmith, Andrew
name: Holmes, Zoë
name: Yan, Bin
name: Coles, Patrick J.
name: Sornborger, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is great interest in using near-term quantum computers to simulate and study foundational problems in quantum mechanics and quantum information science, such as the scrambling measured by an out-of-time-ordered correlator (OTOC). Here we use an IBM Q processor, quantum error mitigation, and weaved Trotter simulation to study high-resolution operator spreading in a 4-spin Ising model as a function of space, time, and integrability. Reaching 4 spins while retaining high circuit fidelity is made possible by the use of a physically motivated fixed-node variant of the OTOC, allowing scrambling to be estimated without overhead. We find clear signatures of ballistic operator spreading in a chaotic regime, as well as operator localization in an integrable regime. The techniques developed and demonstrated here open up the possibility of using cloud-based quantum computers to study and visualize scrambling phenomena, as well as quantum information dynamics more generally.
بررسی فقهی قاعده اقدام در اذن به نرم افزارهای تلفن همراه برای دسترسی به اطلاعات شخصی
Creators: name: Sarkhosh, Javad
name: Javanmardi Zahra
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: قاعده اقدام، ادله قاعده اقدام، مجراي قاعده اقدام، اذن به نرم افزار ها، دسترسی نرم افزارها به اطلاعات شخصی، اذن به دسترسی به اطلاعات شخصی Abstract:

description: امروزه استفاده از تلفنهاي همراه هوشمند رواج یافته و در كنار آن نرم افزارهاي بسیاري كه استفاده از آنها محدود به
 دسترسی به اطلاعات شخصی كاربرانشان میباشد مورد اقبال عموم واقع شده است. در این پژوهش به بررسی مجراي قاعده اقدام
 در اذن كاربران تلفنهاي هوشمند به نرم افزارها براي دسترسی به اطلاعات شخصیشان پرداخته شده و بررسی میشود كه آیا این
 اذن موجب سلب حق مطالبه جبران خسارت كاربران علیه مالکان نرم افزارها در صورت سوء استفاده از اطلاعات شخصی آنها
 میشود یا به استناد قاعده اقدام، كاربران نرم افزارها با اذنی كه پیش از اجراي نرم افزار بر روي دستگاه خود میدهند سبب رفع
 مسئولیت مدنی از مالکان نرم افزارها میشوند.
 در این پژوهش ابتدا با تبیین تعاریف لغوي و اصطلاحی قاعده اقدام و بیان ادله حجیت این قاعده اعم از روایات و بناء عقلاء
 سعی در تشخیص مسئله مورد بحث به عنوان مصداق قاعده اقدام شده است و در ادامه بیان میشود: در سه صورت شامل جهل
 كاربر به اثر اذن خود، مغرور شدن كاربر و محدود بودن اذن كاربر در چارچوب نرم افزار، مسئله مورد طرح از شمول قاعده اخراج
 شده و در نتیجه امکان مطالبه جبران خسارت مادي و معنوي از مالکان نرم افزارها توسط كاربر وجود خواهد داشت.
Unbiasing Fermionic Quantum Monte Carlo with a Quantum Computer
Creators: name: Huggins, William J.
name: O'Gorman, Bryan A.
name: Rubin, Nicholas C.
name: Reichman, David R.
name: Babbush, Ryan
name: Lee, Joonho
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many-electron problems pose some of the greatest challenges in computational science, with important applications across many fields of modern science. Fermionic quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) methods are among the most powerful approaches to these problems. However, they can be severely biased when controlling the fermionic sign problem using constraints, as is necessary for scalability. Here we propose an approach that combines constrained QMC with quantum computing tools to reduce such biases. We experimentally implement our scheme using up to 16 qubits in order to unbias constrained QMC calculations performed on chemical systems with as many as 120 orbitals. These experiments represent the largest chemistry simulations performed on quantum computers (more than doubling the size of prior electron correlation calculations), while obtaining accuracy competitive with state-of-the-art classical methods. Our results demonstrate a new paradigm of hybrid quantum-classical algorithm, surpassing the popular variational quantum eigensolver in terms of potential towards the first practical quantum advantage in ground state many-electron calculations.
General heavy-flavor mass scheme for charged-current DIS at NNLO and beyond
Creators: name: Gao, Jun
name: Hobbs, T. J.
name: Nadolsky, P. M.
name: Sun, ChuanLe
name: Yuan, C. -P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Incompleteness in current knowledge of neutrino interactions with nuclear matter imposes a primary limitation in searches for leptonic CP violation carried out at long-baseline neutrino experiments. In this paper, we present a new computation that elevates the theoretical accuracy to next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in QCD for charged-current deeply-inelastic scattering (DIS) processes relevant for ongoing and future neutrino programs. Mass-dependent quark contributions are consistently included across a wide range of momentum transfers in the SACOT-$χ$ general-mass scheme. When appropriate, we further include N$^3$LO corrections in the zero-mass scheme. We show theoretical predictions for several experiments with neutrinos over a wide range of energies and at the upcoming Electron-Ion Collider. Our prediction reduces perturbative uncertainties to $\sim\!1\%$, sufficient for the high-precision objectives of future charged-current DIS measurements, and provides important theoretical inputs to experimental studies of leptonic mixing and CP violations.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures; published version
Oxygen for Töölönlahti [Happea Töölönlahdelle, Syre för Tölöviken]
Creators: name: Kohtala, Cindy
name: Paterson, Andrew Gryf
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: urban activism

description: Kohtala, Cindy and Paterson, Andrew Gryf. 2015. "Oxygen for Töölönlahti [Happea Töölönlahdelle, Syre för Tölöviken]". IIn Changing Helsinki? Eleven Views on a City Unfolding [Uusi Helsinki? Det Nya Helsingfors?], edited by Eeva Berglund and Cindy Kohtala, 64–70. Helsinki: Nemo.
description: in Finnish, Swedish and English
A self-supervised and adversarial approach to hyperspectral demosaicking and RGB reconstruction in surgical imaging
Creators: name: Li, Peichao
name: MacCormac, Oscar
name: Shapey, Jonathan
name: Vercauteren, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Hyperspectral imaging holds promises in surgical imaging by offering biological tissue differentiation capabilities with detailed information that is invisible to the naked eye. For intra-operative guidance, real-time spectral data capture and display is mandated. Snapshot mosaic hyperspectral cameras are currently seen as the most suitable technology given this requirement. However, snapshot mosaic imaging requires a demosaicking algorithm to fully restore the spatial and spectral details in the images. Modern demosaicking approaches typically rely on synthetic datasets to develop supervised learning methods, as it is practically impossible to simultaneously capture both snapshot and high-resolution spectral images of the exact same surgical scene. In this work, we present a self-supervised demosaicking and RGB reconstruction method that does not depend on paired high-resolution data as ground truth. We leverage unpaired standard high-resolution surgical microscopy images, which only provide RGB data but can be collected during routine surgeries. Adversarial learning complemented by self-supervised approaches are used to drive our hyperspectral-based RGB reconstruction into resembling surgical microscopy images and increasing the spatial resolution of our demosaicking. The spatial and spectral fidelity of the reconstructed hyperspectral images have been evaluated quantitatively. Moreover, a user study was conducted to evaluate the RGB visualisation generated from these spectral images. Both spatial detail and colour accuracy were assessed by neurosurgical experts. Our proposed self-supervised demosaicking method demonstrates improved results compared to existing methods, demonstrating its potential for seamless integration into intra-operative workflows.
Supporting Information S1 from A deterministic method for estimating free energy genetic network landscapes with applications to cell commitment and reprogramming paths
Creators: name: Olariu, Victor
name: Manesso, Erica
name: Peterson, Carsten
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 60114 Systems Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Formulas with parameter values underlying the applications
Additional file 1 of Bioinformatic comparison of Kunitz protease inhibitors in Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto and E. multilocularis and the genes expressed in different developmental stages of E. granulosus s.s.
Creators: name: Zhang, Hui
name: Tian, Mengxiao
name: Qi, Wenjing
name: Wu, Juan
name: Zheng, Huajun
name: Guo, Gang
name: Zhang, Liang
name: Ranasinghe, Shiwanthi L.
name: McManus, Donald P.
name: Li, Jun
name: Zhang, Wenbao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Physiological andbiological characteristics of each of E.granulosus s.s. and E. multilocularis KDPIs.
Letter to Referees from Inspiration for wing design: how forelimb specialization enables active flight in modern vertebrates
Creators: name: Chin, Diana D.
name: Matloff, Laura Y.
name: Stowers, Amanda Kay
name: Tucci, Emily R.
name: Lentink, David
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biological Engineering
subject: 110601 Biomechanics
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 90301 Biomaterials
subject: FOS: Medical engineering
subject: 30402 Biomolecular Modelling and Design
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Harnessing flight strategies refined by millions of years of evolution can help expedite the design of more efficient, manoeuvrable and robust flying robots. This review synthesizes recent advances and highlights remaining gaps in our understanding of how bird and bat wing adaptations enable effective flight. Included in this discussion is an evaluation of how current robotic analogues measure to their biological sources of inspiration. Studies of vertebrate wings have revealed skeletal systems well suited for enduring the loads required during flight, but the mechanisms that drive coordinated motions between bones and connected integuments remain ill-described. Similarly, vertebrate flight muscles have adapted to sustain increased wing loading, but a lack of in vivo studies limits our understanding of specific muscular functions. Forelimb adaptations diverge at the integument level, but both bird feathers and bat membranes yield aerodynamic surfaces with a level of robustness unparalleled by engineered wings. These morphological adaptations enable a diverse range of kinematics tuned for different flight speeds and manoeuvres. By integrating vertebrate flight specializations—particularly those that enable greater robustness and adaptability—into the design and control of robotic wings, engineers can begin narrowing the wide margin that currently exists between flying robots and vertebrates. In turn, these robotic wings can help biologists create experiments that would be impossible in vivo.
Low-Cost Access to the Deep, High-Cadence Sky: the Argus Optical Array
Creators: name: Law, Nicholas M.
name: Corbett, Hank
name: Galliher, Nathan W.
name: Gonzalez, Ramses
name: Vasquez, Alan
name: Walters, Glenn
name: Machia, Lawrence
name: Ratzloff, Jeff
name: Ackley, Kendall
name: Bizon, Chris
name: Clemens, Christopher
name: Cox, Steven
name: Eikenberry, Steven
name: Howard, Ward S.
name: Glazier, Amy
name: Mann, Andrew W.
name: Quimby, Robert
name: Reichart, Daniel
name: Trilling, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New mass-produced, wide-field, small-aperture telescopes have the potential to revolutionize ground-based astronomy by greatly reducing the cost of collecting area. In this paper, we introduce a new class of large telescope based on these advances: an all-sky, arcsecond-resolution, 1000-telescope array which builds a simultaneously high-cadence and deep survey by observing the entire sky all night. As a concrete example, we describe the Argus Array, a 5m-class telescope with an all-sky field of view and the ability to reach extremely high cadences using low-noise CMOS detectors. Each 55 GPix Argus exposure covers 20% of the entire sky to g=19.6 each minute and g=21.9 each hour; a high-speed mode will allow sub-second survey cadences for short times. Deep coadds will reach g=23.6 every five nights over 47% of the sky; a larger-aperture array telescope, with an étendue close to the Rubin Observatory, could reach g=24.3 in five nights. These arrays can build two-color, million-epoch movies of the sky, enabling sensitive and rapid searches for high-speed transients, fast-radio-burst counterparts, gravitational-wave counterparts, exoplanet microlensing events, occultations by distant solar system bodies, and myriad other phenomena. An array of O(1,000) telescopes, however, would be one of the most complex astronomical instruments yet built. Standard arrays with hundreds of tracking mounts entail thousands of moving parts and exposed optics, and maintenance costs would rapidly outpace the mass-produced-hardware cost savings compared to a monolithic large telescope. We discuss how to greatly reduce operations costs by placing all optics in a thermally controlled, sealed dome with a single moving part. Coupled with careful software scope control and use of existing pipelines, we show that the Argus Array could become the deepest and fastest Northern sky survey, with total costs below $20M.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables
Long-Short Ensemble Network for Bipolar Manic-Euthymic State Recognition Based on Wrist-worn Sensors
Creators: name: Côté-Allard, Ulysse
name: Jakobsen, Petter
name: Stautland, Andrea
name: Nordgreen, Tine
name: Fasmer, Ole Bernt
name: Oedegaard, Ketil Joachim
name: Torresen, Jim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Manic episodes of bipolar disorder can lead to uncritical behaviour and delusional psychosis, often with destructive consequences for those affected and their surroundings. Early detection and intervention of a manic episode are crucial to prevent escalation, hospital admission and premature death. However, people with bipolar disorder may not recognize that they are experiencing a manic episode and symptoms such as euphoria and increased productivity can also deter affected individuals from seeking help. This work proposes to perform user-independent, automatic mood-state detection based on actigraphy and electrodermal activity acquired from a wrist-worn device during mania and after recovery (euthymia). This paper proposes a new deep learning-based ensemble method leveraging long (20h) and short (5 minutes) time-intervals to discriminate between the mood-states. When tested on 47 bipolar patients, the proposed classification scheme achieves an average accuracy of 91.59% in euthymic/manic mood-state recognition.
description: Published in IEEE Pervasive Computing in 2022. 12 pages + 2. 2 Figures and 3 tables
All supplementary materials, except the table S1 from Body shape convergence driven by small size optimum in marine angelfishes
Creators: name: Frédérich, Bruno
name: Santini, Francesco
name: Konow, Nicolai
name: Schnitzler, Joseph
name: Lecchini, David
name: Alfaro, Michael E.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Electronic Supplemental Material including Appendix S1, Appendix S2, Appendix S3, Figure S1, Figure S2, Figure S3 and Figure S4.
title: 01_1090
Creators: name: Wesley Baldwin, John
name: Baldwin, John W.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: L'ensemble de ces notes ont été crée par John Baldwin lors d'une de ses premières périodes de résidence à Paris. Ces documents comprennent tous les magistri qu’il avait pu rencontrer dans ses sources. Aux XIIème et XIIIème siècles, les universités n'existant pas encore, le titre de magister s'il évoque certainement une compétence n'est pas rattaché de façon systématique au passage par les écoles. De surcroît, les magistris sont le plus souvent désignés par leur seul prénom. La lecture de ces données est donc difficile et suppose un long travail pour tenter d'identifier un individu auquel on pourrait rattacher plusieurs mentions. John Baldwin avait donc renoncé à utiliser ces données pour donner un prolongement à sa magnifique étude sur les gradués d'université et leur emploi par les Capétiens et les Plantagenêts. Néanmoins, il a conservé ces données et elles sont potentiellement très utile dans le cadre de Studium, comme le sont toutes les mentions dans les volumes des Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae de chanoines portant ce titre de magister sans autres précisions. L'ampleur des dépouillements rend ces données très utiles et nous devons une grande reconnaissance à John Baldwin pour avoir pris la peine de faire photocopier ses fiches et de nous les avoir transmises amicalement.
Les données ainsi que les images des fiches sont accessibles sur le site Internet à l'adresse suivante : http://studium-baldwin.lamop.fr/.
Les transcriptions des fiches ont été effectuées par des étudiants de Paris 1 Panthéon - Sorbonne mais elles n'ont pas été corrigées par la suite.
description: Relation: https://lamop.hypotheses.org/
NTIRE 2021 Multi-modal Aerial View Object Classification Challenge
Creators: name: Liu, Jerrick
name: Inkawhich, Nathan
name: Nina, Oliver
name: Timofte, Radu
name: Jain, Sahil
name: Lee, Bob
name: Duan, Yuru
name: Wei, Wei
name: Zhang, Lei
name: Xu, Songzheng
name: Sun, Yuxuan
name: Tang, Jiaqi
name: Geng, Xueli
name: Ma, Mengru
name: Li, Gongzhe
name: Geng, Xueli
name: Cai, Huanqia
name: Cai, Chengxue
name: Cummings, Sol
name: Miron, Casian
name: Pasarica, Alexandru
name: Yang, Cheng-Yen
name: Hsu, Hung-Min
name: Cai, Jiarui
name: Mei, Jie
name: Yeh, Chia-Ying
name: Hwang, Jenq-Neng
name: Xin, Michael
name: Shangguan, Zhongkai
name: Zheng, Zihe
name: Yifei, Xu
name: Yang, Lehan
name: Xu, Kele
name: Feng, Min
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we introduce the first Challenge on Multi-modal Aerial View Object Classification (MAVOC) in conjunction with the NTIRE 2021 workshop at CVPR. This challenge is composed of two different tracks using EO andSAR imagery. Both EO and SAR sensors possess different advantages and drawbacks. The purpose of this competition is to analyze how to use both sets of sensory information in complementary ways. We discuss the top methods submitted for this competition and evaluate their results on our blind test set. Our challenge results show significant improvement of more than 15% accuracy from our current baselines for each track of the competition
description: The paper needs to be withdrawn since it did not properly go through the public release process. We will soon release a new version to replace this one
Supplementary table 1 from Empirical links between natural mortality and recovery in marine fishes
Creators: name: Hutchings, Jeffrey A.
name: Kuparinen, Anna
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Life-history trait data for recovered and non-recovered temperate marine fish populations.