cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Littlewood-Richardson rules for symmetric skew quasisymmetric Schur functions
Creators: name: Bessenrodt, Christine
name: Tewari, Vasu V.
name: van Willigenburg, Stephanie J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05E05

description: The classical Littlewood-Richardson rule is a rule for computing coefficients in many areas, and comes in many guises. In this paper we prove two Littlewood-Richardson rules for symmetric skew quasisymmetric Schur functions that are analogous to the famed version of the classical Littlewood-Richardson rule involving Yamanouchi words. Furthermore, both our rules contain this classical Littlewood-Richardson rule as a special case. We then apply our rules to combinatorially classify symmetric skew quasisymmetric Schur functions. This answers affirmatively a conjecture of Bessenrodt, Luoto and van Willigenburg.
description: 26 pages, final version to appear in Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series A
Origin of band flatness and constraints of higher Chern numbers
Creators: name: Kruchkov, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Flat bands provide a natural platform for emergent electronic states beyond Landau paradigm. Among those of particular importance are flat Chern bands, including bands of higher Chern numbers ($C$$>$$1$). We introduce a new framework for band flatness through wave functions, and classify the existing isolated flat bands in a "periodic table" according to tight binding features and wave function properties. Our flat band categorization encompasses seemingly different classes of flat bands ranging from atomic insulators to perfectly flat Chern bands and Landau Levels. The perfectly flat Chern bands satisfy Berry curvature condition $F_{xy} = \text{Tr} \, \mathcal G_{ij}$ which on the tight-binding level is fulfilled only for infinite-range models. Most of the natural Chern bands fall into category of $C=1$; the complexity of creating higher-$C$ flat bands is beyond the current technology. This is due to the breakdown of the microscopic stability for higher-$C$ flatness, seen atomistically e.g. in the increase of the hopping range bound as $\propto$$\sqrt{C} a$. Within our new formalism, we indicate strategies for bypassing higher-$C$ constraints and thus dramatically decreasing the implementation complexity.
ByzRev 02.2020.027: Alexander Riehle (ed.), A Companion to Byzantine Epistolography
Creators: name: Mullett, Margaret
Publisher: name: The Byzantine Review
Year: 2020

description: Alexander Riehle (ed.), A Companion to Byzantine Epistolography (Brill’s Companions to the Byzantine World 7). Leiden -- Boston: Brill 2020. xii+531 pp. – ISBN: 978-90-04-41369-6 (€ 238,00)
description: The Byzantine Review, Bd. 2 (2020)
การพัฒนาผลิตภัณฑ์เชิงเศรษฐกิจสร้างสรรค์จากเครือข่ายพิพิธภัณฑ์ของวัดและชุมชนจังหวัดลำปาง
Creators: name: พระครูสิริธรรมบัณฑิต
Publisher: name: มหาวิทยาลัยมหาจุฬาลงกรณราชวิทยาลัย วิทยาเขตนครสวรรค์
Year: 2023
Subjects: การพัฒนาผลิตภัณฑ์
เศรษฐกิจสร้างสรรค์
พิพิธภัณฑ์ของวัดและชุมชน

description: The Journal of Research and Academics, 6, 2, 1-14
Emitter Localisation from Reception Timestamps in Asynchronous Networks
Creators: name: Facchi, Nicolo'
name: Gringoli, Francesco
name: Ricciato, Fabio
name: Toma, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We address the problem of localising a mobile terminal ("blind" node) in unknown position from a set of "anchor" nodes in known positions. The proposed method does not require any form of node synchronisation nor measurement (or control) of the transmission times, which is difficult or anyway costly to achieve in practice. It relies exclusively on reception timestamps collected by the anchor nodes, according to their local clocks, that overhear packets transmitted by the blind node and by (at least one) other transmitting node(s) in known position, e.g., other anchors. The clock differences between the nodes are not eliminated ex ante through clock synchronisation, as in traditional ToA and TDoA methods. Instead, they are counteracted ex post, during the data processing stage, leveraging the data redundancy that is intrinsic to the multiple reception of the same packet by different (anchor) nodes. We validate the proposed method in different experimental settings, indoor and outdoor, using exclusively low-cost Commercial-Off-The-Shelf WiFi devices, achieving sub-meter accuracy in full Line-of-Sight conditions and meter-level accuracy in mild Non-line-of-sight environment. The proposed method does not require that the blind node participate actively to the localisation procedure and can use "opportunistically" any legacy signal or packet available over-the-air for communication purposes. Considering the very minimal requirement on the system - basically, only that anchors in known positions are able to collect and share reception timestamps - the proposed approach can enable practical adoption of opportunistic and/or cooperative localisation on top of existing radio communication systems.
description: To appear in Computer Networks
Neuropathology of the Alzheimer's continuum: an update
Creators: name: Jellinger, Kurt A.
Publisher: name: Free Neuropathology
Year: 2020

description: Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia worldwide, is a mixed proteinopathy (amyloid and tau). Originally defined as a clinicopathological entity, it is a heterogenous, multifactorial disorder, currently referred to as the Alzheimer’s continuum. Its cardinal pathological features are extracellular β-amyloid (amyloid plaques) and intraneuronal tau aggregates forming neurofibrillary tangles, which are accompanied by vascular amyloid deposits (cerebral amyloid angiopathy), synapse and neuronal loss, as well as neuroinflammation and reactive astrogliosis. In addition to “typical” AD, various subtypes with characteristic regional patterns of tau pathology have been described that show distinct clinical features, biomarker levels, and patterns of key network destructions responsible for cognitive decline. AD is frequently associated with other age-related changes including Lewy and TDP-43 pathologies, hippocampal sclerosis, argyrophilic grain disease, cerebrovascular lesions, and others. These additional pathologies influence the clinical picture of AD, may accelerate disease progression, and can cause a number of challenges in our understanding of the disease including the threshold of each individual pathology to cause dementia and the possibility of underlying common etiologies. This article provides an up-to-date overview of AD neuropathology, its heterogeneity, and additional pathologies in order to explain the difficulties in the diagnosis and the failure of clinical trials in AD patients.
description: Free Neuropathology, Bd. 1 (2020)
Multi-script Handwritten Digit Recognition Using Multi-task Learning
Creators: name: Gondere, Mesay Samuel
name: Schmidt-Thieme, Lars
name: Sharma, Durga Prasad
name: Scholz, Randolf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Handwritten digit recognition is one of the extensively studied area in machine learning. Apart from the wider research on handwritten digit recognition on MNIST dataset, there are many other research works on various script recognition. However, it is not very common for multi-script digit recognition which encourage the development of robust and multipurpose systems. Additionally working on multi-script digit recognition enables multi-task learning, considering the script classification as a related task for instance. It is evident that multi-task learning improves model performance through inductive transfer using the information contained in related tasks. Therefore, in this study multi-script handwritten digit recognition using multi-task learning will be investigated. As a specific case of demonstrating the solution to the problem, Amharic handwritten character recognition will also be experimented. The handwritten digits of three scripts including Latin, Arabic and Kannada are studied to show that multi-task models with reformulation of the individual tasks have shown promising results. In this study a novel way of using the individual tasks predictions was proposed to help classification performance and regularize the different loss for the purpose of the main task. This finding has outperformed the baseline and the conventional multi-task learning models. More importantly, it avoided the need for weighting the different losses of the tasks, which is one of the challenges in multi-task learning.
งานประเพณีบุญสลากภัตกับวัฒนธรรมทางการเมืองแบบมีส่วนร่วม ของชาวตากฟ้า อำเภอตากฟ้า จังหวัดนครสวรรค์
Creators: name: พระมหาจักรกฤษณ์ ฐิตสุธี (เขาสมบูรณ์)
Publisher: name: มหาวิทยาลัยมหาจุฬาลงกรณราชวิทยาลัย วิทยาเขตนครสวรรค์
Year: 2023
Subjects: สลากภัต
วัฒนธรรมทางเมือง
การมีส่วนร่วมทางการเมือง

description: The Journal of Research and Academics, 6, 2, 15-28
Location and topology of the fundamental gap in photonic crystals
Creators: name: Christensen, Thomas
name: Po, Hoi Chun
name: Joannopoulos, John D.
name: Soljačić, Marin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fundamental, or first, band gap is of unmatched importance in the study of photonic crystals. Here, we address precisely where this gap can be opened in the band structure of three-dimensional photonic crystals. Although strongly constrained by symmetry, this problem cannot be addressed directly with conventional band-symmetry analysis due to the existence of a photonic polarization vortex at zero frequency. We develop an approach for overcoming the associated symmetry singularity by incorporating fictitious, auxiliary longitudinal modes. Our strategy also enables us to extend recent developments in symmetry-based topological analysis to the fundamental gap of three-dimensional photonic crystals. Exploiting this, we systematically study the topology of the minimal fundamental gaps. This reveals the existence of topological gap-obstructions that push the fundamental gap higher than what a conventional analysis would suggest. Our work demonstrates that topology can play a crucial role in the opening of the fundamental photonic gap and informs future theoretical and experimental searches for conventional and topological band gaps in three-dimensional photonic crystals.
description: Main text: 12 pages, 5 figures Supplemental material: 344 pages, 6 figures, multiple tables
แนวทางประยุกต์การปฏิบัติตนในสถานการณ์วิกฤตโควิดตามแนวพระพุทธศาสนา
Creators: name: พระสันต์ทัศน์ คมฺภีรปญฺโญ (สินสมบัติ)
Publisher: name: มหาวิทยาลัยมหาจุฬาลงกรณราชวิทยาลัย วิทยาเขตนครสวรรค์
Year: 2023
Subjects: วิกฤตโควิด
ประยุกต์
การปฏิบัติตน
พระพุทธศาสนา

description: The Journal of Research and Academics, 6, 2, 29-40
Production of Bioethanol from Watermelon and Banana peels
Creators: name: A.M. Gada
name: A. Bala
name: Y.M. Zayyan
Publisher: name: gjrpublication
Year: 2024

description: Bioethanol, an ethanol liquid that is known to be a clean fuel for combustion engines, is a readily available substitute since it can be derived from plant-based materials. is the most commonly used alternative transportation fuel to petrol. It can help to mitigate climate change and reduce environmental pollution. In this study, pretreated fruits peels were enzymatically hydrolysed using Aspergillus niger from soil. Saccharomyces cerevisiae from palm wine was used for fermentation. The hydrolysate was used to produce bioethanol which was determined by HPLC analysis. HPLC analysis was carried out to determine the presence of bioethanol produced. Peak area of the distillated bioethanol produced was compared with that of a standard ethanol. Bioethanol produced from the hydrolysate of fruits peels using Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed highest yield of (1.36%) from biologically pretreated fruit peels and hot water pretreatment produced a low bioethanol concentration of (0.16%). Bioethanol was produced in the fermentation broth with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) peak of 2.548min for watermelon and 2.234min for banana. highest reducing sugar yield was achieved with sample of Bacillus subtilis pretreatment.
Existence and construction of quasi-stationary distributions for one-dimensional diffusions
Creators: name: Zhang, Hanjun
name: He, Guoman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60J60 (Primary), 60J70, 37A30 (Secondary)

description: In this paper, we study quasi-stationary distributions (QSDs) for one-dimensional diffusions killed at 0, when 0 is a regular boundary and $+\infty$ is a natural boundary. More precisely, we not only give a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a QSD, but we also construct all QSDs for one-dimensional diffusions. Moreover, we give a sufficient condition for $R$-positivity of the process killed at the origin. This condition is only based on the drift, which is easy to check.
description: 9 pages. This paper is published in Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications (2016)
Search For Higgs Boson Pair Production in the $γγb\bar{b}$ Final State using $pp$ Collision Data at $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV from the ATLAS Detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Searches are performed for resonant and non-resonant Higgs boson pair production in the $γγb\bar{b}$ final state using 20 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. A 95% confidence level upper limit on the cross section times branching ratio of non-resonant production is set at 2.2 pb, while the expected limit is 1.0 pb. The difference derives from a modest excess of events, corresponding to 2.4 standard deviations from the background-only hypothesis. The limit observed in the search for a narrow $X \to hh$ resonance ranges between 0.7 and 3.5 pb as a function of the resonance mass.
description: 6 pages plus author list + cover page (19 pages total), 3 figures, published version, all figures including auxiliary figures are available at http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HIGG-2013-29/
Localization and projections on bi-parameter BMO
Creators: name: Lechner, Richard
name: Müller, Paul F. X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46B25, 60G46, 46B07, 46B26, 30H35

description: We prove that for any operator $T$ on bi--parameter BMO the identity factors through $T$ or $I - T$. Bourgain's localization method provides the conceptual framework of our proof. It consists in replacing the factorization problem on the non--separable bi--parameter BMO by its localized, finite dimensional counterpart. We solve the resulting finite dimensional factorization problems by exploiting the geometry and combinatorics of colored dyadic rectangles.
description: 26 pages, 11 figures
title: GEI 026: Athens. Honours for Straton the King of Sidon
Creators: name: Perucca, Alessandro
Publisher: name: Laboratorio di Storia, Archeologia, Epigrafia e Tradizione dell'antico (SAET) - Scuola Normale Superiore
Year: 2023
Subjects: Epigraphy, ancient Greek economy

description: Edition and commentary of "Athens. Honours for Straton the King of Sidon"
Unsupervised Speech Enhancement using Dynamical Variational Auto-Encoders
Creators: name: Bie, Xiaoyu
name: Leglaive, Simon
name: Alameda-Pineda, Xavier
name: Girin, Laurent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Dynamical variational autoencoders (DVAEs) are a class of deep generative models with latent variables, dedicated to model time series of high-dimensional data. DVAEs can be considered as extensions of the variational autoencoder (VAE) that include temporal dependencies between successive observed and/or latent vectors. Previous work has shown the interest of using DVAEs over the VAE for speech spectrograms modeling. Independently, the VAE has been successfully applied to speech enhancement in noise, in an unsupervised noise-agnostic set-up that requires neither noise samples nor noisy speech samples at training time, but only requires clean speech signals. In this paper, we extend these works to DVAE-based single-channel unsupervised speech enhancement, hence exploiting both speech signals unsupervised representation learning and dynamics modeling. We propose an unsupervised speech enhancement algorithm that combines a DVAE speech prior pre-trained on clean speech signals with a noise model based on nonnegative matrix factorization, and we derive a variational expectation-maximization (VEM) algorithm to perform speech enhancement. The algorithm is presented with the most general DVAE formulation and is then applied with three specific DVAE models to illustrate the versatility of the framework. Experimental results show that the proposed DVAE-based approach outperforms its VAE-based counterpart, as well as several supervised and unsupervised noise-dependent baselines, especially when the noise type is unseen during training.
On the probability of staying above a wall for the (2+1)-dimensional SOS model at low temperature
Creators: name: Caputo, Pietro
name: Martinelli, Fabio
name: Toninelli, Fabio Lucio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 60K35, 60F10, 82B41, 82C24

description: We obtain sharp asymptotics for the probability that the (2+1)-dimensional discrete SOS interface at low temperature is positive in a large region. For a square region $Λ$, both under the infinite volume measure and under the measure with zero boundary conditions around $Λ$, this probability turns out to behave like $\exp(-τ_β(0) L \log L )$, with $τ_β(0)$ the surface tension at zero tilt, also called step free energy, and $L$ the box side. This behavior is qualitatively different from the one found for continuous height massless gradient interface models.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures
A Unified Theory of Adaptive Subspace Detection. Part I: Detector Designs
Creators: name: Orlando, Danilo
name: Ricci, Giuseppe
name: Scharf, Louis L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper addresses the problem of detecting multidimensional subspace signals, which model range-spread targets, in noise of unknown covariance. It is assumed that a primary channel of measurements, possibly consisting of signal plus noise, is augmented with a secondary channel of measurements containing only noise. The noises in these two channels share a common covariance matrix, up to a scale, which may be known or unknown. The signal model is a subspace model with variations: the subspace may be known or known only by its dimension; consecutive visits to the subspace may be unconstrained or they may be constrained by a prior distribution. As a consequence, there are four general classes of detectors and, within each class, there is a detector for the case where the scale between the primary and secondary channels is known, and for the case where this scale is unknown. The generalized likelihood ratio (GLR) based detectors derived in this paper, when organized with previously published GLR detectors, comprise a unified theory of adaptive subspace detection from primary and secondary channels of measurements.
Органическое выращивание масличных культур
Creators: name: Lefebvre, Nicolas
name: Bernet, Thomas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: выращивание масличных культур
organicheskoye zemledeliye
Рапс
podsolnechnik
len
konoplya
mak
ryzhik

description: Данное руководство содержит обзор наиболее важных масличных культур в Европе и объясняет, как специфические для данной культуры проблемы решаются с помощью надлежащих методов управления в севообороте и в посевах масличных культур.
Characterizing driver heterogeneity within stochastic traffic simulation
Creators: name: Makridis, Michail A.
name: Anesiadou, Aikaterini
name: Mattas, Konstantinos
name: Fontaras, Georgios
name: Ciuffo, Biagio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Drivers' heterogeneity and the broad range of vehicle characteristics on public roads are primarily responsible for the stochasticity observed in road traffic dynamics. Understanding the behavioural differences in drivers (human or automated systems) and reproducing observed behaviours in microsimulation attracts significant attention lately. Calibration of car-following model parameters is the prevalent way to simulate different driving behaviors through randomly injected variation around average parameter values. An issue is that, as shown in the literature, most car-following model do not realistically reproduce free-flow acceleration, that is in turn highly correlated with heterogeneity in driving styles. Furthermore, often, model parameters lose their physical interpretation upon calibration. The present study proposes a novel framework to analyse observed vehicle trajectories from various drivers, identify individual driver fingerprints based on their acceleration behavior, cluster drivers in categorically-meaningful driving styles (e.g. mild, normal and aggressive) and reproduce observed individual driver acceleration behaviors in microsimulation.
Strong phase transition, dark matter and vacuum stability from simple hidden sectors
Creators: name: Alanne, Tommi
name: Tuominen, Kimmo
name: Vaskonen, Ville
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the possibility to explain dark matter abundance and strong electroweak phase transition, we consider simple extensions of the Standard Model containing singlet fields coupled with the Standard Model via a scalar portal. Concretely, we consider a basic portal model consisting of a singlet scalar with $Z_2$ symmetry and a model containing a singlet fermion connected with the Standard Model fields via a singlet scalar portal. We perform a Monte Carlo analysis of the parameter space of each model, and we find that in both cases the dark matter abundance can be produced either via freeze-out or freeze-in mechanisms, but only in the latter model one can obtain also a strong electroweak phase transition required by the successful electroweak baryogenesis. We impose the direct search limits and consider systematically the possibility that the model produces only a subdominant portion of the dark matter abundance. We also study the renormalization group evolution of the couplings of the model to determine if the scalar sector of the model remains stable and perturbative up to high scales. With explicit examples of benchmark values of the couplings at weak scale, we show that this is possible. Models of this type are further motivated by the possibility that the excursions of the Higgs field at the end of inflation are large and could directly probe the instability region of the Standard Model.
description: 20 pages, 7 figures. Published version, except in v2 fig. 2, eqs. (2.8) and (3.15), and thermal corrections in sec. 3.2 are corrected
Quasielastic hyperon production in $\barν_μ-$Nucleus interactions
Creators: name: Alam, M. Rafi
name: Athar, M. Sajjad
name: Chauhan, S.
name: Singh, S. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied quasielastic charged current hyperon production induced by $\barν_μ$ on free nucleon and the nucleons bound inside the nucleus. The calculations are performed for several nuclear targets like $^{12}C$, $^{40}Ar$, $^{56}Fe$ and $^{208}Pb$ which are presently being used in various oscillation experiments using accelerator neutrinos. The inputs are the hyperon-nucleon transition form factors determined from neutrino-nucleon scattering as well as from semileptonic decays of neutron and hyperons using SU(3) symmetry. The calculations for the nuclear targets are done in local density approximation. The nuclear medium effects(NME) due to Fermi motion and final state interaction(FSI) effect due to hyperon-nucleon scattering have been taken into account.
description: Published in J.Phys. G42 (2015) 5, 055107
The effect of quantum memory on quantum speed limit time for CP-(in)divisible channels
Creators: name: Paulson, K. G
name: Banerjee, Subhashish
name: Srikanth, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum speed limit time defines the limit on the minimum time required for a quantum system to evolve between two states. Investigation of bounds on speed limit time of quantum system under non-unitary evolution is of fundamental interest, as it reveals interesting connections to quantum (non-)Markovianity. Here, we discuss the characteristics of quantum speed limit time as a function of quantum memory, quantified as the deviation from temporal self-similarity of quantum dynamical maps for CP-divisible as well as indivisible maps, and show that the presence of quantum memory can speed up quantum evolution. This demonstrates the enhancement of the speed of quantum evolution in the presence of quantum memory for a wider class of channels than indicated by the CP-indivisibility criterion.
description: close to the published version
Neutrophils and Th17 cells in neuroinflammation
Creators: name: Wilson, Alicia
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2020

description: The IL-17 secreting CD4 T cell (Th17 cell) subset is an important active responder to extracellular pathogens in mucosal areas. While the absence of these Th17 cells leads to chronic mucocutaneous infections, the activity of Th17 cells has conversely been linked to the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases. These include rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis (MS). This thesis examines the role of Th17 cells in neuroinflammation, with a particular focus on how Th17 cells migrate and interact with other cells to promote inflammation. This was achieved using the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model, a commonly used rodent model of MS, in which both Th17 cells and neutrophils play pathogenic roles. Highlighting the importance of Th17 cells in the central nervous system (CNS) during neuroinflammation was the finding that despite increased circulating Th17 cells in the steady state, mice lacking expression of functional guanine exchange factor dedicator of cytokinesis 8 (DOCK8) were protected from development of EAE. This protection was achieved through a Th17 cell-specific neurotropic migration disadvantage, leaving Th17 cells unable to induce CNS disease. As a major function of Th17 cells is the recruitment of neutrophils, this complicated relationship was further explored. Activated neutrophils can extrude their DNA as highly cytotoxic neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). If and how NETs impact Th17 cells, however, is unknown. Here it is shown that NETs, through their main protein component histones, are strong enhancers of Th17 cells through their induction of phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and upregulation of master Th17 cell transcription factor Retinoic-acid-receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor gamma (RORgt). This induction was reliant on Myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MYD88) dependent toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) signalling. Due to the correlation between the abundance of NETs and NET-related proteins with disease activity in MS, the possible role of NETs in EAE was explored. Increased levels of cell-free DNA and enhanced chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) expression were detected during EAE, indicating the presence of NETs in disease. While genetic knockouts of proteins involved in NET release did not impact EAE pathogenesis, inhibition of histones significantly reduced EAE severity. These data show, for the first time, a direct effect of NETs on Th17 cells and elucidate a novel pathway downstream of TLR2 leading specifically to Th17 cell induction. Further, these results suggest a beneficial effect of NET inhibition on EAE severity potentially through preventing NET induced exacerbation of encephalitogenic Th17 cells. This supports its further investigation as a novel treatment in MS.
ФИЗИЧЕСКАЯ  ИНИЦИАТИВНОСТЬ  КАК ОСНОВАНИЕ ЗДОРОВОГО  ДОЛГОЛЕТИЯ
Creators: name: Исомов, Мираскад
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Полноценное физическое развитие и здоровье дошкольников-основа формирования его личности. Как показывают многочисленные исследования, именно в дошкольном возрасте закладывается основа для формирования физического и психического здоровья. Статистика показывает, что в настоящее время происходит повышение процента детей у которых есть аномалии в здоровье, увеличивается количество детей имеющих физические и психические заболевания. Конечно, от уровня психического и физического развития населения и состояние их здоровья зависит благополучие общества в целом, поэтому проблема формирования основ здорового образа жизни у дошкольников актуальна в наши дни.
Static conformal elastic solution of Einstein's field equations
Creators: name: Manjunatha, H. M.
name: Narasimhamurthy, S. K.
name: Nekouee, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 53B20, 83C15, 83C22

description: In this paper, we study new exact solutions of Einstein's field equations with the motivation of the relativistic elasticity theory. We construct the static conformal elastic solution by applying conformal transformations to the Reissner-Nordström-de Sitter solution. The conformal factors for static space-time structure with an elastic matter are obtained. Further, we analyze the viability of energy conditions. And also discuss the matching problem with the exterior space-time.
description: 20 pages, 12 figures; v3 is the published version of the article
The Taxicab Sampler: MCMC for Discrete Spaces with Application to Tree Models
Creators: name: Geels, Vincent
name: Pratola, Matthew
name: Herbei, Radu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Motivated by the problem of exploring discrete but very complex state spaces in Bayesian models, we propose a novel Markov Chain Monte Carlo search algorithm: the taxicab sampler. We describe the construction of this sampler and discuss how its interpretation and usage differs from that of standard Metropolis-Hastings as well as the related Hamming ball sampler. The proposed sampling algorithm is then shown to demonstrate substantial improvement in computation time without any loss of efficiency relative to a naïve Metropolis-Hastings search in a motivating Bayesian regression tree count model, in which we leverage the discrete state space assumption to construct a novel likelihood function that allows for flexibly describing different mean-variance relationships while preserving parameter interpretability compared to existing likelihood functions for count data.
description: Expanded simulation study example in Supplementary Materials and updated related Figure 2; updated Section 2 introduction and Section 2.1; added additional references in introduction section
Microbial activators of the inflammasome
Creators: name: Mathur, Anukriti
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2021

description: Innate immune recognition of microbial components serves as a cornerstone in mediating an effective immune response. Innate immune sensors and inflammasomes detect both intracellular and extracellular microorganisms. The inflammasome is an intracellular signalling complex comprising of a sensor, an adaptor protein ASC (known as apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase activation and recruitment domain) and the cysteine protease caspase-1. Inflammasomes regulate secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and IL-18, and induction of a cell death pathway known as pyroptosis. Certain intracellular bacteria require cytosolic access to activate the inflammasome, however, how extracellular bacteria are sensed by the inflammasome in the cytoplasm remains largely unclear. To understand the innate immune recognition of extracellular bacteria, a panel of clinically important intracellular and extracellular bacteria were analysed. This analysis led to the identification of an unknown secreted factor from the foodborne bacterium Bacillus cereus that activated the inflammasome without gaining cytosolic access. The tripartite enterotoxin called haemolysin BL (HBL) was identified as the novel activator of the NLRP3 inflammasome. I further identified another tripartite toxin called non-haemolytic enterotoxin (NHE), which also activated NLRP3 to induce inflammation and cell death. Mechanistically, both multi-component toxins assembled in a specific and linear order on the mammalian plasma membrane to form a lytic pore, which induces potassium efflux. Remarkably, HBL and NHE operated synergistically to drive inflammation in a mouse model of B. cereus infection. Administration of a small molecule NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 inhibited inflammation induced by HBL and NHE in vivo and rescued mice from B. cereus-induced lethality. These data showcase the ability of a single inflammasome sensor to detect structurally and functionally similar toxins from the same bacterium. Overall, this research identified novel activators of the inflammasome and their molecular mechanisms in activating inflammation and cell death responses. Understanding the molecular basis of host-pathogen interactions has the potential to contribute therapies which target microbial virulence factors and/or the immune system in the treatment of infectious diseases.
Automatic cerebral hemisphere segmentation in rat MRI with lesions via attention-based convolutional neural networks
Creators: name: Valverde, Juan Miguel
name: Shatillo, Artem
name: de Feo, Riccardo
name: Tohka, Jussi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present MedicDeepLabv3+, a convolutional neural network that is the first completely automatic method to segment cerebral hemispheres in magnetic resonance (MR) volumes of rats with lesions. MedicDeepLabv3+ improves the state-of-the-art DeepLabv3+ with an advanced decoder, incorporating spatial attention layers and additional skip connections that, as we show in our experiments, lead to more precise segmentations. MedicDeepLabv3+ requires no MR image preprocessing, such as bias-field correction or registration to a template, produces segmentations in less than a second, and its GPU memory requirements can be adjusted based on the available resources. We optimized MedicDeepLabv3+ and six other state-of-the-art convolutional neural networks (DeepLabv3+, UNet, HighRes3DNet, V-Net, VoxResNet, Demon) on a heterogeneous training set comprised by MR volumes from 11 cohorts acquired at different lesion stages. Then, we evaluated the trained models and two approaches specifically designed for rodent MRI skull stripping (RATS and RBET) on a large dataset of 655 MR rat brain volumes. In our experiments, MedicDeepLabv3+ outperformed the other methods, yielding an average Dice coefficient of 0.952 and 0.944 in the brain and contralateral hemisphere regions. Additionally, we show that despite limiting the GPU memory and the training data, our MedicDeepLabv3+ also provided satisfactory segmentations. In conclusion, our method, publicly available at https://github.com/jmlipman/MedicDeepLabv3Plus, yielded excellent results in multiple scenarios, demonstrating its capability to reduce human workload in rat neuroimaging studies.
description: Published in NeuroInformatics
Harmonic Retrieval of CFO and Frame Misalignment for OFDM-based Inter-Satellite Links
Creators: name: Şenyuva, Rıfat Volkan
name: Kurt, Güneş Karabulut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: As dense low Earth orbit (LEO) constellations are being planned, the need for accurate synchronization schemes in high-speed environments remains a challenging problem to tackle. To further improve synchronization accuracy in channeling environments, which can also be applied in the LEO networks, we present a new method for estimating the carrier frequency offset (CFO) and frame misalignment in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based inter-satellite links. The proposed method requires the transmission of pilot symbols to exploit 2-D estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques (ESPRIT) and estimate the CFO and the frame misalignment. The Cramer-Rao lower bounds (CRLB) of the joint estimation of the CFO and frame misalignment are also derived. Numerical results show that the difference between the proposed method and the state-of-art method is less than 5dB at its worse.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, to be published in 2021 17th International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems (ISWCS)
Adaptive Radar Detection in Heterogeneous Clutter-dominated Environments
Creators: name: Coluccia, Angelo
name: Orlando, Danilo
name: Ricci, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this paper, we propose a new solution for the detection problem of a coherent target in heterogeneous environments. Specifically, we first assume that clutter returns from different range bins share the same covariance structure but different power levels. This model meets the experimental evidence related to non-Gaussian and non-homogeneous scenarios. Then, unlike existing solutions that are based upon estimate and plug methods, we propose an approximation of the generalized likelihood ratio test where the maximizers of the likelihoods are obtained through an alternating estimation procedure. Remarkably, we also prove that such estimation procedure leads to an architecture possessing the constant false alarm rate (CFAR) when a specific initialization is used. The performance analysis, carried out on simulated as well as measured data and in comparison with suitable well-known competitors, highlights that the proposed architecture can overcome the CFAR competitors and exhibits a limited loss with respect to the other non-CFAR detectors.
The effectiveness of interventions to reduce adverse outcomes among older adults following Emergency Department discharge: umbrella review
Creators: name: CONNEELY, MAIREAD
name: leahy, siobhan
name: dore, liz
name: Trepel, Dominic
name: Robinson, Katie
name: Jordan, Fionnuala
name: Galvin, Rose
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Education
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Background: Population ageing is increasing rapidly worldwide. Older adults are frequent users of health care services including the Emergency Department (ED) and experience a number of adverse outcomes following an ED visit. Adverse outcomes include functional decline, unplanned hospital admission and an ED revisit. Given these adverse outcomes a number of interventions have been examined to improve the outcomes of older adults following presentation to the ED. The aim of this umbrella review was to evaluate the efectiveness of ED interventions in reducing adverse outcomes in older adults discharged from the ED. Methods: Systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials investigating ED interventions for older adults presenting to the ED exploring clinical, patient experience and healthcare utilisation outcomes were included. A comprehensive search strategy was employed in eleven databases and the PROSPERO register up until June 2020. Grey literature was also searched. Quality was assessed using the A MeaSurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2 tool. Overlap between systematic reviews was assessed using a matrix of evidence table. An algorithm to assign the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation to assess the strength of evidence was applied for all outcomes. Results: Nine systematic reviews including 29 randomised controlled trials were included. Interventions comprised of solely ED-based or transitional interventions. The specifc interventions delivered were highly variable. There was high overlap and low methodological quality of the trials informing the systematic reviews. There is low quality evidence to support ED interventions in reducing functional decline, improving patient experience and improving quality of life. The quality of evidence of the efectiveness of ED interventions to reduce mortality and ED revisits varied from very low to moderate. Results were presented narratively and summary of evidence tables created. Conclusion: Older adults are the most important emerging group in healthcare for several economic, social and political reasons. The existing evidence for the efectiveness of ED interventions for older adults is limited. This umbrella review highlights the challenge of synthesising evidence due to signifcant heterogeneity in methods intervention content and reporting of outcomes. Higher quality intervention studies in line with current geriatric medicine research guidelines are recommended, rather than the publication of further systematic reviews
The Matsumoto--Yor Property and Its Converse on Symmetric Cones
Creators: name: Kołodziejek, Bartosz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 62E10, secondary 60E05

description: The Matsumoto--Yor (MY) property of the generalized inverse Gaussian and gamma distributions has many generalizations. As it was observed in (Letac and Wesołowski in Ann Probab 28:1371--1383, 2000) the natural framework for the multivariate MY property is symmetric cones; however they prove their results for the cone of symmetric positive definite real matrices only. In this paper, we prove the converse to the symmetric cone-variate MY property, which extends some earlier results. The smoothness assumption for the densities of respective variables is reduced to the continuity only. This enhancement was possible due to the new solution of a related functional equation for real functions defined on symmetric cones.
description: 11 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1206.6091
Categorification of tensor product representations of sl(k) and category O
Creators: name: Sartori, Antonio
name: Stroppel, Catharina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We construct categorifications of tensor products of arbitrary finite-dimensional irreducible representations of $\mathfrak{sl}_k$ with subquotient categories of the BGG category $\mathcal{O}$, generalizing previous work of Sussan and Mazorchuk-Stroppel. Using Lie theoretical methods, we prove in detail that they are tensor product categorifications according to the recent definition of Losev and Webster. As an application we deduce an equivalence of categories between certain versions of category $\mathcal{O}$ and Webster's tensor product categories. Finally we indicate how the categorifications of tensor products of the natural representation of $\mathfrak{gl}(1|1)$ fit into this framework.
description: Added statement and proof of the exactness of the standardization functor restricted to subquotient categories of O (see Proposition 5.19)
Sufficient conditions to the existence for solutions of a thermoelectrochemical problem
Creators: name: Consiglieri, Luisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35Q79, 35Q60, 80A30

description: A mathematical model of nonlinear radiation is introduced into a thermoelectrochemical problem, and its qualitative analysis is focused on existence of solutions. The main objective is the nonconstant character of each parameter, that is, the coefficients are assumed to be depend on the spatial variable and the temperature. Making recourse of known estimates of solutions for some auxiliary elliptic and parabolic problems, which are explicitly determined by the Gehring-Giaquinta-Modica theory, we find sufficient smallness conditions on the data to the existence of the original solutions via the Schauder fixed point argument. These conditions may provide useful informations for numerical as well as real applications. We conclude with an example of application, namely the electrolysis of molten sodium chloride.
description: 20 pages. J. Fixed Point Theory Appl. First online: 07 August 2015
Dynamics of Non-polar Solutions to the Discrete Painlevé I Equation
Creators: name: Ercolani, Nicholas
name: Lega, Joceline
name: Tippings, Brandon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 37J65, 37J70, 39A30, 39A60, 41A60

description: This manuscript develops a novel understanding of non-polar solutions of the discrete Painlevé I equation (dP1). As the non-autonomous counterpart of an analytically completely integrable difference equation, this system is endowed with a rich dynamical structure. In addition, its non-polar solutions, which grow without bounds as the iteration index $n$ increases, are of particular relevance to other areas of mathematics. We combine theory and asymptotics with high-precision numerical simulations to arrive at the following picture: when extended to include backward iterates, known non-polar solutions of dP1 form a family of heteroclinic connections between two fixed points at infinity. One of these solutions, the Freud orbit of orthogonal polynomial theory, is a singular limit of the other solutions in the family. Near their asymptotic limits, all solutions converge to the Freud orbit, which follows invariant curves of dP1, when written as a 3-D autonomous system, and reaches the point at positive infinity along a center manifold. This description leads to two important results. First, the Freud orbit tracks sequences of period-1 and 2 points of the autonomous counterpart of dP1 for large positive and negative values of $n$, respectively. Second, we identify an elegant method to obtain an asymptotic expansion of the iterates on the Freud orbit for large positive values of $n$. The structure of invariant manifolds emerging from this picture contributes to a deeper understanding of the global analysis of an interesting class of discrete dynamical systems.