cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Distribution of Roles of Central and Local Government in the Food-Safety related Law
Creators: name: Hwang, Yunjae
name: Hwang, Yunjae
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: food safety related law
subject: Framework Act on Food Safety
subject: local government

description: With the consumer interest in food safety rising, the Korean government is strengthening its efforts to manage food safety. However, the frequent debate about improving the food safety system is largely concentrated on the role of central administrative agencies despite the importance of the role of local governments. The purpose of this study is to analyze the food safety control status of the central and local governments from a legal standpoint. The results show that the central government is mostly given the power of policy and regulation making and local governments share the power of policy and regulation implementation with the central government. Local governments are not given much power in risk communication for food safety.
Low Utilization of Circulating Glucose after Food Withdrawal in Snell Dwarf Mice
Creators: name: Brooks, Natasha L.
name: Harrison, David E.
name: Raetzsch, Carl F.
name: Klebanov, Simon
name: Kupper, Lawrence L.
name: Trent, Chad M.
name: Perfetti, Michael T.
name: Jeong, Yo Chan
name: Boysen, Gunnar
name: Combs, Terry P.
name: Carling, David
name: Flurkey, Kevin
name: Khodush, Valerie R.
name: Swenberg, James A.
name: Patel, Kajal B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Glucose metabolism is altered in long-lived people and mice. Although it is clear that there is an association between altered glucose metabolism and longevity, it is not known whether this link is causal or not. Our current hypothesis is that decreased fasting glucose utilization may increase longevity by reducing oxygen radical production, a potential cause of aging. We observed that whole body fasting glucose utilization was lower in the Snell dwarf, a long-lived mutant mouse. Whole body fasting glucose utilization may be reduced by a decrease in the production of circulating glucose. Our isotope labeling analysis indicated both gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis were suppressed in Snell dwarfs. Elevated circulating adiponectin may contribute to the reduction of glucose production in Snell dwarfs. Adiponectin lowered the appearance of glucose in the media over hepatoma cells by suppressing gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis. The suppression of glucose production by adiponectin in vitro depended on AMP-activated protein kinase, a cell mediator of fatty acid oxidation. Elevated fatty acid oxidation was indicated in Snell dwarfs by increased utilization of circulating oleic acid, reduced intracellular triglyceride content, and increased phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Finally, protein carbonyl content, a marker of oxygen radical damage, was decreased in Snell dwarfs. The correlation between high glucose utilization and elevated oxygen radical production was also observed in vitro by altering the concentrations of glucose and fatty acids in the media or pharmacologic inhibition of glucose and fatty acid oxidation with 4-hydroxycyanocinnamic acid and etomoxir, respectively.
(1536) George Antoine Matterson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Orbital magnetic phase and pure persistent spin current in spin-orbit coupling mesoscopic rings
Creators: name: Huang, Guang-Yao
name: Liang, Shi-Dong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By solving the Rashba model of mesoscopic rings, we give analytically the ground-state properties of the ring, including the spin polarization, the persistent charge and spin currents (PCC and PSC). These ground-state properties can be given based on four kinds of electron numbers in rings. The effect of the self-inductance of the ring leads to the self-sustained magnetic flux (SSMF) and the self-sustained PCC and PSC, which break spontaneously time-reversal symmetry to form orbital magnetic phase (OMP). To tune the spin-orbit coupling strength or electron number of the ring can induce the phase transition between the OMP and non-OMP. For exact one-dimensional rings we find the coexistence of the pure PSC and SSMF. This property of the pure PSC may provide a new scheme to measure the pure PSC.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures
Electronic supplementary material from Variation in multicomponent recognition cues alters egg rejection decisions: a test of the optimal acceptance threshold hypothesis
Creators: name: Hanley, Daniel
name: López, Analía V.
name: Fiorini, Vanina D.
name: Reboreda, Juan C.
name: Tomáš Grim
name: Hauber, Mark E.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 170299 Cognitive Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: The optimal acceptance threshold hypothesis provides a general predictive framework for testing behavioural responses to discrimination challenges. Decision-makers should respond to a stimulus when the perceived difference between that stimulus and a comparison template surpasses an acceptance threshold. We tested how individual components of a relevant recognition cue (experimental eggs) contributed to behavioural responses of chalk-browed mockingbirds Mimus saturninus, a frequent host of the parasitic shiny cowbird Molothrus bonariensis. To do this, we recorded responses to eggs that varied with respect to two components: colour, ranging from bluer to browner than the hosts' own eggs, and spotting, either spotted like their own or unspotted. Although tests of this hypothesis typically assume that decisions are based on perceived colour dissimilarity between own and foreign eggs, we found that decisions were biased toward rejecting browner eggs. However, as predicted, hosts tolerated spotted eggs more than unspotted eggs, irrespective of colour. These results uncover how a single component of a multicomponent cue can shift a hosts’ discrimination threshold and illustrate how the optimal acceptance threshold hypothesis can be used as a framework to quantify the direction and amount of the shift (in avian perceptual units) of the response curve across relevant phenotypic ranges.This article is part of the theme issue ‘The co-evolutionary biology of brood parasitism: from mechanism to pattern’.
Mitotic Phosphorylation of the Anaphase-promoting Complex Inhibitory Subunit Mnd2 Is Necessary for Efficient Progression through Meiosis I
Creators: name: Borchers, Christoph H.
name: Torres, Matthew P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: The yeast anaphase-promoting complex (APC) subunit Mnd2 is necessary for maintaining sister chromatid cohesion in prophase I of meiosis by inhibiting premature ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of substrates by the APC(Ama1) ubiquitin ligase. In a proteomics screen for post-translational modifications on the APC, we discovered that Mnd2 is phosphorylated during mitosis in a cell cycle-dependent manner. We identified and characterized the sites of mitotic Mnd2 phosphorylation during the cell cycle. Collective mutation of Mnd2 phosphorylation sites to alanine had no effect on vegetative growth but a striking effect (>85% reduction) on the percentage of tetrad-forming cells compared with the wild type strain. Similar to the MND2 deletion strain, cells harboring the alanine mutant that did not form spores arrested after premeiotic S phase with a single undivided nucleus and low levels of the APC(Ama1) meiotic substrate, Clb5, relative to wild type cells. In contrast, collective mutation of Mnd2 phosphorylation sites to aspartic acid resulted in partial suppression of the sporulation defect. No differences were observed in the binding between each Mnd2 isoform and the APC in vitro. However, in vivo, we observed a gradient in the abundance of APC-associated Mnd2 in each strain that was proportional to the observed differences in sporulation and Clb5 levels. Taken together, these data suggest that mitotic phosphorylation of Mnd2 is necessary for APC-mediated progression beyond the first meiotic nuclear division.
Supplement with additional algebra and numerics from Algebraic structures and stochastic differential equations driven by Lévy processes.
Creators: name: Curry, Charles
name: Kurusch Ebrahimi–Fard
name: Malham, Simon J. A.
name: Wiese, Anke
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 10399 Numerical and Computational Mathematics not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The file supplement.pdf contains an overview of the algebraic concepts and additional numerical simulations.
Mutational Study of Heparan Sulfate 2- O -Sulfotransferase and Chondroitin Sulfate 2- O -Sulfotransferase
Creators: name: Song, Danyin
name: Liu, Jian
name: Xu, Ding
name: Pedersen, Lars C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Heparan sulfate (HS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) are highly sulfated polysaccharides with a wide range of biological functions. Heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfotransferase (HS-2OST) transfers the sulfo group from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to the 2-OH position of the hexauronic acid that is adjacent to N-sulfated glucosamine, whereas chondroitin sulfate 2-O-sulfotransferase (CS-2OST) transfers the sulfo group to the hexauronic acid that is adjacent to N-acetylated galactosamine. Here we report a systematic mutagenesis study of HS-2OST and CS-2OST based on their structural homology to estrogen sulfotransferase and HS 3-O-sulfotransferase isoform 3 (3-OST3), for which crystal structures exist. We have identified six residues possibly involved in binding to PAPS. HS-2OST carrying mutations of these residues lacks sulfotransferase activity and the ability to bind 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphate, a PAPS analogue, as determined by isothermal titration calorimetry. Similar residues involved in binding to PAPS were also identified in CS-2OST. Additional residues that participate in carbohydrate substrate binding were also identified in both enzymes. Mutations at these residues led to the loss of sulfotransferase activity but maintained the ability to bind to phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphate. The catalytic function of HS-2OST appears to involve two histidine residues (His140 and His142), whereas only one histidine (His168) of CS 2-OST is likely to be critical. This unique feature of HS 2-OST catalytic residues directed us to characterize the Drosophila heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfotransferase. The results from this study provide insight into the differences and similarities various residues play in the biological roles of the HS-2OST and CS-2OST enzymes.
„Don’t be a fool“ – Grundzüge einer Narrenpoetik in Charles Dickens’ Romanwerk
Creators: name: Munding, Verena
Publisher: name: Universität Vechta
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Charles Dickens
subject: Narren
subject: Narrentradition
subject: Poetik
subject: Mr. Dick
subject: Jenny Wren
subject: Smike
subject: Barnaby Rudge
subject: Angel in the house
subject: David Copperfield
subject: Our Mutual Friend
subject: Nickolas Nickleby
subject: DDC Sachgruppen::800 - Literatur

description: Dickens’ weise Narrenfiguren destabilisieren die Grenze zwischen Weisheit und Narrheit, die in der Literatur- und Kulturgeschichte mithilfe der Figur des Narren bereits häufig ins Wanken geraten ist. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wird das bisher fragmentarische Bild seiner Narrenfiguren unter Berücksichtigung der poetischen und narrativen Funktionen der Figuren mit Blick auf die Moderne in einer Narrenpoetik zusammengeführt. Neben der Analyse von Dickens’ Narrendarstellung richtet sich der Blick auf den Gebrauch des Narrenmotivs im Mittelalter und der Renaissance bis hin zur Wandlung der Narrenfigur zum ‚Idioten‘ in der romantischen Epoche. Im Detail analysierte Narrenfiguren bilden die Schaffenszeit des Autors ab und lassen Entwicklungslinien erkennbar werden. Zusammenfassend lässt sich sagen, dass Dickens’ Romane in der Vermeidung stereotyper Bilder und viktorianischer Klassifizierungssysteme überzeugen. Dickens’ anachronistischer Gebrauch der Narrenfigur zeugt von einem tiefen Verständnis der Narrenfigur als karnevaleskes Wesen, als subversiven Kritiker am Rande der Gesellschaft und von der Kenntnis unterschiedlicher Narrentraditionen. Die Figuren transportieren das von Erasmus über Shakespeare vertretene komplexe Spiel zwischen Weisheit und Narrheit, bei dem die sich antithetisch gegenüberstehenden Kategorien miteinander in Verbindung gebracht und als dem Menschen inhärent gezeigt werden. Unkontrollierbares Verhalten und überbordende Gefühlsausbrüche werden dem Wahnsinn gleichgesetzt. Dabei zeigt sich in Dickens’ Romanen eine Tendenz hin zu einem komplexen Gebrauch von ‚madness‘ als Ausdruck einer krank machenden Gesellschaft. Der Wandel von der marginalisierten Narrenfigur in der altbekannten Rolle des deutlich erkennbaren Mahners und Kritikers gesellschaftlicher Strukturen hin zu einer in die Gesellschaft integrierten Narrenfigur und einer subversiven Kritik durch die Überwindung von Idealen zeigt Dickens’ Narrenpoetik als Inklusion von Andersartigkeit. Mit dem dickensschen Narren findet Dickens eine Figur, die in den Referenzrahmen der Narrenliteratur eingebunden, subversiv neue humanistische Wege, neue soziale Möglichkeiten und neue kulturelle Perspektiven aufzeigt.
Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer formalism of superconductivity in carbon nanotubes
Creators: name: Liang, Shi-Dong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) formalism for the superconductivity of carbon nanotubes. It is found that the superconducting transition temperature Tc of single-wall carbon nanotubes decreases exponentially with the increase of the tube diameter because the density of states near the Fermi energy is inversely proportional to the tube diameter. For the multi-wall carbon nanotubes, the Cooper paring hopping between layers enhances the superconducting correlation and increases the superconducting transition temperature, which is consistent with the experimental observation.
description: 11 pages
Dilution of axion dark radiation by thermal inflation
Creators: name: Hattori, Hironori
name: Kobayashi, Tatsuo
name: Omoto, Naoya
name: Seto, Osamu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Axions in the Peccei-Quinn (PQ) mechanism provide a promising solution to the strong CP problem in the standard model of particle physics. Coherently generated PQ scalar fields could dominate the energy density in the early Universe and decay into relativistic axions, which would conflict with the current dark radiation constraints. We study the possibility that a thermal inflation driven by a $U(1)$ gauged Higgs field dilutes such axions. A well-motivated extra gauged $U(1)$ would be the local $B-L$ symmetry. We also discuss the implication for the case of $U(1)_{B-L}$ and an available baryogenesis mechanism in such cosmology.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, the final journal version
Effect of composition on magnetocaloric properties of Mn$ _{3} $Ga$ _{(1-x)} $Sn$ _{x} $C
Creators: name: Dias, E. T.
name: Priolkar, K. R.
name: Cakir, O.
name: Acet, M.
name: Nigam, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A study investigating the effect of Sn substitution on the magnetocaloric properties of Mn$ _{3} $Ga$ _{(1-x)} $Sn$ _{x} $C compounds reveals that nature of the MCE has a strong dependence on the nature of the magnetic ordering. For small amounts of Sn ($ x\leq0.2 $) the MCE is of the inverse type wherein an increase in the applied field beyond 5T gives rise to a table like temperature dependence of the entropy due to a coupling between the first order FM - AFM transition and the field induced AFM - FM transition. Replacement of Ga by larger concentrations of Sn ($ x\geq0.71 $) $(ΔS_M)$ results in a change of the MCE to a conventional type with very little variation in the position of $(ΔS_M)_{max}$ with increasing magnetic field. This has been explained to be due to the local strain introduced by A site ions (Ga/Sn) which affect the magnetostructural coupling in these compounds.
description: 7 pages 7 figures, Accepted for publication in J. Appl. Phys
Supplement with additional algebra and numerics from Algebraic structures and stochastic differential equations driven by Lévy processes
Creators: name: Curry, Charles
name: Kurusch Ebrahimi–Fard
name: Malham, Simon J. A.
name: Wiese, Anke
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 10399 Numerical and Computational Mathematics not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The file supplement.pdf contains an overview of the algebraic concepts and additional numerical simulations.
Populism, Globalisation and International Law
Creators: name: Llewellyn, Huw
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: international law
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::340 Recht::340 Recht

description: This Working Paper draws on the mounting research produced by economists and political scientists that links support for populism with the economic, social and cultural grievances arising from record levels of economic inequality, driven by globalisation, in particular free trade and the technology revolution. It seeks to identify the sources of the harmful effects of free trade in WTO law and free trade agreements, and suggests possible measures to address these harmful effects. It finds in particular that the limited exceptions to free trade that were available to States during the "embedded liberalism" of the first three decades of international trade under the GATT 1947 have been eroded to the extent that the national "policy space" available to regulate in the public interest to avoid free trade's negative economic, social and cultural consequences are no longer adequate. Ever-deepening neoliberal trade relations since the late 1970s and under the 1994 WTO Agreements have largely removed the ability of States to protect nascent or vulnerable industries and jobs, and to protect national social and cultural values and interests. If international law is to play a role in mitigating economic inequality and reducing its potency in driving populism, ways and means to reopen this policy space for States need to be considered.
Table S1 from Patterns of host use by brood-parasitic Maculinea butterflies across Europe.
Creators: name: Tartally, András
name: Thomas, Jeremy A.
name: Anton, Christian
name: Balletto, Emilio
name: Barbero, Francesca
name: Bonelli, Simona
name: Bräu, Markus
name: Casacci, Luca Pietro
name: Csősz, Sándor
name: Czekes, Zsolt
name: Dolek, Matthias
name: Dziekańska, Izabela
name: Elmes, Graham
name: Fürst, Matthias A.
name: Glinka, Uta
name: Hochberg, Michael E.
name: Höttinger, Helmut
name: Hula, Vladimir
name: Maes, Dirk
name: Munguira, Miguel L.
name: Musche, Martin
name: Nielsen, Per Stadel
name: Nowicki, Piotr
name: Oliveira, Paula S.
name: Peregovits, László
name: Ritter, Sylvia
name: Schlick-Steiner, Birgit C.
name: Settele, Josef
name: Sielezniew, Marcin
name: Simcox, David J.
name: Stankiewicz, Anna M.
name: Steiner, Florian M.
name: Švitra, Giedrius
name: Ugelvig, Line V.
name: Dyck, Hans Van
name: Varga, Zoltán
name: Witek, Magdalena
name: Woyciechowski, Michal
name: Wynhoff, Irma
name: Nash, David R.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Summary of the site characteristics, Myrmica ant community and Myrmica hosts for each of the 419 Sites.
Approximate Discovery of Service Nodes by Duplicate Detection in Flows
Creators: name: Changling, Zhou
name: Jianguo, Xiao
name: Jian, Cui
name: Bei, Zhang
name: Feng, Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Knowledge about which nodes provide services is of critical importance for network administrators. Discovery of service nodes can be done by making full use of duplicate element detection in flows. Because the amount of traffic across network is massive, especially in large ISPs or campus networks, we propose an approximate algorithm with Round-robin Buddy Bloom Filters(RBBF) for service detection using NetFlow data solely. The properties and analysis of RBBF data structure are also given. Our method has better time/space efficiency than conventional algorithm with a small false positive rate.%portion of false positive. We also demonstrate the contributions through a prototype system by real world case studies.
description: 15 pages
Myosin Vb Is Required for Trafficking of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator in Rab11a-specific Apical Recycling Endosomes in Polarized Human Airway Epithelial Cells
Creators: name: Hansen, Karyn
name: Moreau-Marquis, Sophie
name: Talebian, Laleh
name: Stanton, Bruce A.
name: Barnaby, Roxanna
name: Swiatecka-Urban, Agnieszka
name: Fukuda, Mitsunori
name: Coutermarsh, Bonita
name: Karlson, Katherine H.
name: Cheney, Richard E.
name: Kanno, Eiko
name: Langford, George M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-mediated Cl(-) secretion across fluid-transporting epithelia is regulated, in part, by modulating the number of CFTR Cl(-) channels in the plasma membrane by adjusting CFTR endocytosis and recycling. However, the mechanisms that regulate CFTR recycling in airway epithelial cells remain unknown, at least in part, because the recycling itineraries of CFTR in these cells are incompletely understood. In a previous study, we demonstrated that CFTR undergoes trafficking in Rab11a-specific apical recycling endosomes in human airway epithelial cells. Myosin Vb is a plus-end-directed, actin-based mechanoenzyme that facilitates protein trafficking in Rab11a-specific recycling vesicles in several cell model systems. There are no published studies examining the role of myosin Vb in airway epithelial cells. Thus, the goal of this study was to determine whether myosin Vb facilitates CFTR recycling in polarized human airway epithelial cells. Endogenous CFTR formed a complex with endogenous myosin Vb and Rab11a. Silencing myosin Vb by RNA-mediated interference decreased the expression of wild-type CFTR and DeltaF508-CFTR in the apical membrane and decreased CFTR-mediated Cl(-) secretion across polarized human airway epithelial cells. A recombinant tail domain fragment of myosin Vb attenuated the plasma membrane expression of CFTR by arresting CFTR recycling. The dominant-negative effect was dependent on the ability of the myosin Vb tail fragment to interact with Rab11a. Taken together, these data indicate that myosin Vb is required for CFTR recycling in Rab11a-specific apical recycling endosomes in polarized human airway epithelial cells.
(1529) Elvina Sabina Nicholson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Looking Behind the Façade of Monism, Dualism and Pluralism
Creators: name: Burchardt, Dana
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Façade of Monism
subject: Dualism
subject: Pluralism
subject: international law
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::340 Recht::340 Recht

description: The relationship between domestic and international law is generally conceptualized through the lens of three notions: monism, dualism and legal pluralism. Scholars refer to these concepts as a whole, while however often only meaning one aspect of the relationship. This can somewhat distort the discussion. This chapter thus offers an alternative way of engaging with the relationship between legal spaces. It disentangles the different aspects that are relevant for theorizing how we understand this relationship. Regarding the analytical dimension of this relationship, the chapter outlines how the three concepts engage with the (apparent) dichotomies of unity or plurality of law(s), autonomy or intertwinement and hierarchy or heterarchy of legal spaces. The normative dimension is shaped, in particular, by questions pertaining to the notion of law as well as by values such as coherence and diversity and their impact on resolving conflicts between norms stemming from different legal spaces.
Figures S1- S6 from Patterns of host use by brood-parasitic Maculinea butterflies across Europe.
Creators: name: Tartally, András
name: Thomas, Jeremy A.
name: Anton, Christian
name: Balletto, Emilio
name: Barbero, Francesca
name: Bonelli, Simona
name: Bräu, Markus
name: Casacci, Luca Pietro
name: Csősz, Sándor
name: Czekes, Zsolt
name: Dolek, Matthias
name: Dziekańska, Izabela
name: Elmes, Graham
name: Fürst, Matthias A.
name: Glinka, Uta
name: Hochberg, Michael E.
name: Höttinger, Helmut
name: Hula, Vladimir
name: Maes, Dirk
name: Munguira, Miguel L.
name: Musche, Martin
name: Nielsen, Per Stadel
name: Nowicki, Piotr
name: Oliveira, Paula S.
name: Peregovits, László
name: Ritter, Sylvia
name: Schlick-Steiner, Birgit C.
name: Settele, Josef
name: Sielezniew, Marcin
name: Simcox, David J.
name: Stankiewicz, Anna M.
name: Steiner, Florian M.
name: Švitra, Giedrius
name: Ugelvig, Line V.
name: Dyck, Hans Van
name: Varga, Zoltán
name: Witek, Magdalena
name: Woyciechowski, Michal
name: Wynhoff, Irma
name: Nash, David R.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Supplementary figures cited in the main text
Generative artificial intelligence for bio-image analysis
Creators: name: Haase, Robert
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2023

description: Generative Artificial Inteligence - and in particular large languge models - are changing the way we use computers. In this talk I explain the underlying principles and give examples how large language models such as OpenAI's chatGPT and technologies like LangChain can be used to do Bio-image Analysis.
Organismal Differences in Post-translational Modifications in Histones H3 and H4
Creators: name: Allis, C. David
name: Morris, Stephanie A.
name: Recht, Judith
name: Hake, Sandra B.
name: Shabanowitz, Jeffrey
name: Diaz, Robert L.
name: Kauer, Monika
name: Mishra, Nilamadhab
name: Hunt, Donald F.
name: Garcia, Benjamin A.
name: Strahl, Brian D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of histones play an important role in many cellular processes, notably gene regulation. Using a combination of mass spectrometric and immunobiochemical approaches, we show that the PTM profile of histone H3 differs significantly among the various model organisms examined. Unicellular eukaryotes, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) and Tetrahymena thermophila (Tet), for example, contain more activation than silencing marks as compared with mammalian cells (mouse and human), which are generally enriched in PTMs more often associated with gene silencing. Close examination reveals that many of the better-known modified lysines (Lys) can be either methylated or acetylated and that the overall modification patterns become more complex from unicellular eukaryotes to mammals. Additionally, novel species-specific H3 PTMs from wild-type asynchronously grown cells are also detected by mass spectrometry. Our results suggest that some PTMs are more conserved than previously thought, including H3K9me1 and H4K20me2 in yeast and H3K27me1, -me2, and -me3 in Tet. On histone H4, methylation at Lys-20 showed a similar pattern as H3 methylation at Lys-9, with mammals containing more methylation than the unicellular organisms. Additionally, modification profiles of H4 acetylation were very similar among the organisms examined.
Bio-image analysis using Napari and Python
Creators: name: Haase, Robert
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2023

description: When using Bio-image Analysis using Python, Napari is one key application for interactive image data science. In this lecture we explore basics of interaction within Napari, e.g. to classify pixels and objects. We also take a guided tour through the Napari plugin ecosystem and take a deep dive in how to setup bio-image analysis workflows using the Napari-Assistant and how to export Python Jupyter Notebooks for reproducible workflows.
Ex Iniuria Ius Oritur? – Norm Change and Norm Erosion of the Prohibition of Torture
Creators: name: Steiger, Dominik
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: United States
subject: 9/11
subject: international relations
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::320 Politikwissenschaft::327 Internationale Beziehungen

description: Mainly in reaction to the use of torture by the United States after the attacks of 9/11, international relations scholars began asking under which circumstances the content of an international norm changes and at which point it becomes void of its normative content if it is repeatedly violated, a concept known as “norm erosion”. International lawyers have until very recently not engaged with this debate. This working paper aims to change that by looking at the example of the prohibition of torture to display legal scholarship perspectives on how norms of treaty law and customary law come into being, how treaties can be modified or renounced, how customary law can be changed, as well as how re-interpretation processes take place that may affect a rule’s content, scope and effect. Furthermore, international relations research has developed criteria which allow to determine whether a certain norm is more robust and thus resilient to change and erosion. These criteria also find a correspondence in the rules of international law and can be translated to, and framed in, international law terms. The findings from the perspective of international law reinforce international relations research which has identified the prohibition of torture to be very robust and resilient. Also, both disciplines underline that pure non-compliance does neither lead to norm change nor to norm erosion. Although international law has not played a decisive role in most international relations research on norm erosion, in the end, both disciplines still arrive at similar explanations under which circumstances norm change and norm erosion take place. Through uncovering this, the working paper also demonstrates how interdisciplinary scholarship may strengthen mono-disciplinary scholarship by arriving at the same conclusions via different avenues.
(1530) George Hardwick
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Photospheric Electric Fields and Energy Fluxes in the Eruptive Active Region NOAA 11158
Creators: name: Kazachenko, Maria D.
name: Fisher, George H.
name: Welsch, Brian T.
name: Liu, Yang
name: Sun, Xudong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: How much electromagnetic energy crosses the photosphere in evolving solar active regions? With the advent of high-cadence vector magnetic field observations, addressing this fundamental question has become tractable. In this paper, we apply the "PTD-Doppler-FLCT-Ideal" (PDFI) electric field inversion technique of Kazachenko et al. (2014) to a 6-day HMI/SDO vector magnetogram and Doppler velocity sequence, to find the electric field and Poynting flux evolution in active region NOAA 11158, which produced an X2.2 flare early on 2011 February 15. We find photospheric electric fields ranging up to $2$ V/cm. The Poynting fluxes range from $[-0.6$ to $2.3]\times10^{10}$ ergs$\cdot$cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$, mostly positive, with the largest contribution to the energy budget in the range of $[10^9$-$10^{10}]$ ergs$\cdot$cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$. Integrating the instantaneous energy flux over space and time, we find that the total magnetic energy accumulated above the photosphere from the initial emergence to the moment before the X2.2 flare to be $E=10.6\times10^{32}$ ergs, which is partitioned as $2.0$ and $8.6\times10^{32}$ ergs, respectively, between free and potential energies. Those estimates are consistent with estimates from preflare non-linear force-free field (NLFFF) extrapolations and the Minimum Current Corona estimates (MCC), in spite of our very different approach. This study of photospheric electric fields demonstrates the potential of the PDFI approach for estimating Poynting fluxes and opens the door to more quantitative studies of the solar photosphere and more realistic data-driven simulations of coronal magnetic field evolution.
description: 51 pages, 10 figures, accepted by ApJ on August 11, 2015
Receptor Activity-modifying Proteins 2 and 3 Have Distinct Physiological Functions from Embryogenesis to Old Age
Creators: name: Dackor, Ryan
name: Caron, Kathleen
name: Fritz-Six, Kim
name: Smithies, Oliver
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: RAMPs (receptor activity modifying proteins) impart remarkable effects on G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling. First identified through an interaction with the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR), these single transmembrane proteins are now known to modulate the in vitro ligand binding affinity, trafficking, and second messenger pathways of numerous GPCRs. Consequently, the receptor-RAMP interface represents an attractive pharmacological target for the treatment of disease. Although the three known mammalian RAMPs differ in their sequences and tissue expression, results from in vitro biochemical and pharmacological studies suggest that they have overlapping effects on the GPCRs with which they interact. Therefore, to determine whether RAMP2 and RAMP3 have distinct functions in vivo, we generated mice with targeted deletions of either the RAMP2 or RAMP3 gene. Strikingly, we found that, although RAMP2 is required for survival, mice that lack RAMP3 appear normal until old age, at which point they have decreased weight. In addition, mice with reduced expression of RAMP2 (but not RAMP3) display remarkable subfertility. Thus, each gene has functions in vivo that cannot be accomplished by the other. Because RAMP2, RAMP3, and CLR transduce the signaling of the two potent vasodilators adrenomedullin and calcitonin gene-related peptide, we tested the effects of our genetic modifications on blood pressure, and no effects were detected. Nevertheless, our studies reveal that RAMP2 and RAMP3 have distinct physiological functions throughout embryogenesis, adulthood, and old age, and the mice we have generated provide novel genetic tools to further explore the utility of the receptor-RAMP interface as a pharmacological target.
The Current Work of the International Law Commission on Immunity of State Officials from Foreign Criminal Jurisdiction – Comments on the Procedural Safeguards Provisionally Adopted in 2021
Creators: name: Walther, Isabel
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: international law
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::320 Politikwissenschaft::327 Internationale Beziehungen

description: Four years after the much-discussed voting on limitations and exceptions to functional immunity of State officials (draft article 7) by the International Law Commission (ILC), the ILC has provisionally adopted new draft articles at its session in 2021. These proposals set out procedural safeguards of immunity of State officials. Such procedural safeguards are essential for a balanced approach to the topic of immunity of State officials from foreign criminal jurisdictionwhich will help to overcome divisions on the matter in the international community and within the ILC. This may pave the way for an international treaty on immunity of State officials which would provide crucial guidance for practitioners dealing with cases of immunity of State officials. However, while the type and structure of the procedural safeguards provisionally adopted by the ILC are helpful, some key aspects remain unclear and should be refined.
Geodesics in generalized Wallach spaces
Creators: name: Arvanitoyeorgos, Andreas
name: Souris, Nikolaos Panagiotis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C25, 53C30

description: We study geodesics in generalized Wallach spaces which are expressed as orbits of products of three exponential terms. These are homogeneous spaces $M=G/K$ whose isotropy representation decomposes into a direct sum of three submodules $\frak{m}=\frak{m}_1\oplus\frak{m}_2\oplus\frak{m}_3$, satisfying the relations $[\frak{m}_i,\frak{m}_i]\subset \frak{k}$. Assuming that the submodules $\frak{m}_i$ are pairwise non isomorphic, we study geodesics on such spaces of the form $γ(t)=\exp (tX)\exp (tY)\exp (tZ)\cdot o$, where $X\in\fr{m}_1, Y\in\fr{m}_2, Z\in\fr{m}_3$ ($o=eK$), with respect to a $G$-invariant metric. Our investigation imposes certain restrictions on the $G$-invariant metric, so the geodesics turn out to be orbits of two exponential terms. We give a point of view using Riemannian submersions. As an application, we describe geodesics in generalized flag manifolds with three isotropy summands and with second Betti number $b_2(M)=2$, and in the Stiefel manifolds $SO(n+2)/S(n)$. We relate our results to geodesic orbit spaces (g.o. spaces).
description: Journal of Geometry (2015)
Statistical determinations of the gating windows in the respiratory gated radiotherapy using the visible guiding system
Creators: name: Oh, Se An
name: Yea, Ji Woon
name: Lee, Hyun Jeong
name: Kim, Sung Kyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Purpose: Respiratory gated radiation therapy (RGRT) is used to minimize the radiation dose to normal tissue in lung cancer patients. Determinations of the gating window in the respiratory phase of patients are important in RGRT but it is not easy. The objective of this study was to determine the optimal gating window with a visible guiding system in RGRT. Materials and Methods: Between April and October in 2014 the breathing signals of 23 lung cancer patients were recorded with a Real-time Position Management (RPM) respiratory gating system (Varian, USA). We performed statistical analysis with breathing signals to find the optimal gating window for the guided breathing for RGRT. Results: 19 of the 23 patients showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) when the breathing signals obtained before and after breathing training were compared, The standard deviation of the respiration signals after breathing training was the lowest in the phase of 30 % - 70 % (p < 0.05). Conclusions: RGRT with RPM system was confirmed the usefulness of the visible guiding system. Respiratory regularity was significantly improved with the use of the RPM with our visible guidance system, therefore, it would help improve the accuracy and efficiency of RGRT.
description: This paper has been withdrawn by the author due to a fatal errors in tables and figures
(1531) Francis Nicholson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Solution space structure of random constraint satisfaction problems with growing domains
Creators: name: Xu, Wei
name: Zhang, Pan
name: Liu, Tian
name: Gong, Fuzhou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper we study the solution space structure of model RB, a standard prototype of Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSPs) with growing domains. Using rigorous the first and the second moment method, we show that in the solvable phase close to the satisfiability transition, solutions are clustered into exponential number of well-separated clusters, with each cluster contains sub-exponential number of solutions. As a consequence, the system has a clustering (dynamical) transition but no condensation transition. This picture of phase diagram is different from other classic random CSPs with fixed domain size, such as random K-Satisfiability (K-SAT) and graph coloring problems, where condensation transition exists and is distinct from satisfiability transition. Our result verifies the non-rigorous results obtained using cavity method from spin glass theory, and sheds light on the structures of solution spaces of problems with a large number of states.
description: 8 pages, 1 figures
Domestic and International Criminal Justice: Challenges Ahead
Creators: name: Zimmermann, Andreas
name: Schabedoth, John
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Domestic Criminal Justice
subject: International Criminal Justice
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::340 Recht::340 Recht

description: This paper consists of two parts: In the first part, some of the challenges with which the Internationaal Criminal Court is currently confronted are being presented. First of all, the article will describe the current state of the International Criminal Court and the Rome Statue. Afterwards, the article analyses the Court’s efforts to deal with cases against third-country nationals and the challenges it is facing in that regard. In addition, the Court’s case law will be analyzed in order to determine an increasing ‘emancipation’ of the case law of the International Criminal Court from international humanitarian law. The second part of the paper will briefly discuss the role of domestic international criminal law and domestic courts in the further development and enforcement of international criminal law. As an example of the role that domestic courts may have in clarifying classic issues in international law, the judgment of the German Supreme Court of January 28, 2021 (3 StR 564/19), which deals with the status of costumary international law on functional immunity of State officials before domestic courts, shall be assessed.
(1527) Edward Matterson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Gauss-Bonnet black holes supported by a nonlinear electromagnetic field
Creators: name: Rubiera-Garcia, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study $D$-dimensional charged static spherically symmetric black hole solutions in Gauss-Bonnet theory coupled to nonlinear electrodynamics defined as arbitrary functions of the field invariant and constrained by several physical conditions. These solutions are characterized in terms of the mass parameter $m$, the electromagnetic energy $\varepsilon$ and the Gauss-Bonnet parameter $l_α^2$. We find that a general feature of these solutions is that the metric behaves in a different way in $D=5$ and $D>5$ space-time dimensions. Moreover, such solutions split into two classes, according to whether they are defined everywhere or show branch singularities, depending on ($m, \varepsilon, l_α^2$). We describe qualitatively the structures comprised within this scenario, which largely extends the results obtained in the literature for several particular families of nonlinear electrodynamics. An explicit new example, illustrative of our results, is introduced. Finally we allow non-vanishing values of the cosmological constant length $l_Λ^2$, and study the existence of new structures, in both asymptotically Anti-de Sitter and de Sitter spaces.
description: 13 pages; to appear in Phys. Rev. D