cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Coulomb gauge Gribov copies and the confining potential
Creators: name: Heinzl, Tom
name: Langfeld, Kurt
name: Lavelle, Martin
name: McMullan, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the approach, initiated by Marinari et al., to the static inter-quark potential based on Polyakov lines of finite temporal extent, evaluated in Coulomb gauge. We show that, at small spatial separations, the potential can be understood as being between two separately gauge invariant colour charges. At larger separations Gribov copies obstruct the non-perturbative identification of individually gauge invariant colour states. We demonstrate, for the first time, how gauge invariance can be maintained quite generally by averaging over Gribov copies. This allows us to extend the analysis of the Polyakov lines and the corresponding, gauge invariant quark-antiquark state to all distance scales. Using large scale lattice simulations, we show that this interpolating state possesses a good overlap with the ground state in the quark-antiquark sector and yields the full static inter-quark potential at all distances. A visual representation of the Gribov copies on the lattice is also presented.
description: 22 pages, 9 figures, v2: minor changes, references added
Additional file 3 of Sensorimotor performance in acute-subacute non-specific neck pain: a non-randomized prospective clinical trial with intervention
Creators: name: Hage, Renaud
name: Detrembleur, Christine
name: Dierick, Frédéric
name: Brismée, Jean-Michel
name: Roussel, Nathalie
name: Pitance, Laurent
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Medicine
Neuroscience
Biotechnology
Science Policy

description: Additional file 3: Figure S3. Examples of PAIVM’s (Passive Accessory Intervertebral Movement’s). Right unilateral on C2 (A) and C6 (B) with hand placement (“patient” in prone with the “head” on the right side of each picture). The assessor applied his thumb directed posterior-anterior force to the articular pillars from the upper cervical region C0-1, C1-2 and C2-3 to the lower region C6-7 on each side.
Non-Maxwellian Proton Velocity Distributions in Nonradiative Shocks
Creators: name: Raymond, J. C.
name: Isenberg, Philip A.
name: Laming, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Balmer line profiles of nonradiative supernova remnant shocks provide the means to measure the post-shock proton velocity distribution. While most analyses assume a Maxwellian velocity distribution, this is unlikely to be correct. In particular, neutral atoms that pass through the shock and become ionized downstream form a nonthermal distribution similar to that of pickup ions in the solar wind. We predict the H alpha line profiles from the combination of pickup protons and the ordinary shocked protons, and we consider the extent to which this distribution could affect the shock parameters derived from H alpha profiles. The Maxwellian assumption could lead to an underestimate of shock speed by up to about 15%. The isotropization of the pickup ion population generates wave energy, and we find that for the most favorable parameters this energy could significantly heat the thermal particles. Sufficiently accurate profiles could constrain the strength and direction of the magnetic field in the shocked plasma, and we discuss the distortions from a Gaussian profile to be expected in Tycho's supernova remnant.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures
Topological Luttinger semimetallic phase accompanied with surface states realized in silicon
Creators: name: Li, Ying
name: Cheung, Chi-Ho
name: Xu, Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By means of systematically first-principles calculations and model analysis, a complete phase diagram of the body-centered silicon(BC8-Si) via lattice constant a and internal atomic coordinate x is explored, which demonstrates that BC8-Si is a topological Luttinger semimetal(LSM) accompanied with topologically nontrivial surface states, and the electronic properties of BC8-Si can be further tuned to a normal insulator or topological Dirac semimetal by very tiny changing of a and x. These results successfully explain the contradictory transport reports of BC8-Si. More importantly, the topological surface states in the LSM phase fill in the gap between the topological matters and silicon, which provide an opportunity to integrate the topological quantum devices and silicon chips together.
The growth rate of cosmic structures in the local Universe with the ALFALFA survey
Creators: name: Avila, F.
name: Bernui, A.
name: de Carvalho, E.
name: Novaes, C. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the growth rate of structures in the local Universe. For this, we use as a cosmological tracer the HI line extra-galactic sources from the Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA (ALFALFA) survey to obtain a measurement of the normalized growth rate parameter, $f σ_{8}$, considered a powerful tool to constrain alternative models of gravity. For these analyses, we calculate the Local Group velocity due to the matter structures distribution in the ALFALFA catalogue and compare it with the Local Group velocity relative to the Cosmic Microwave Background frame to obtain the velocity scale parameter, $β$. Using Monte Carlo realizations and log-normal simulations, our methodology quantifies the errors introduced by shot-noise and partial sky coverage of the analysed data. The measurement of the velocity scale parameter $β$, and the calculation of the matter fluctuation of the cosmological tracer, $σ_{8}^{\text{tr}}$, lead us to $f σ_{8} = 0.46 \pm 0.06$ at $\bar{z} = 0.013$, in good agreement (at $1 σ$ level) with the value expected in the $Λ$CDM concordance model. In addition, our analyses of the ALFALFA sample also provide a measurement of the growth rate of structures $f \,=\, 0.56 \pm 0.07$, at $\bar{z} = 0.013$.
description: 10 pages, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Automatic Rail Component Detection Based on AttnConv-Net
Creators: name: Wang, Tiange
name: Zhang, Zijun
name: Yang, Fangfang
name: Tsui, Kwok-Leung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The automatic detection of major rail components using railway images is beneficial to ensure the rail transport safety. In this paper, we propose an attention-powered deep convolutional network (AttnConv-net) to detect multiple rail components including the rail, clips, and bolts. The proposed method consists of a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) as the backbone, cascading attention blocks (CAB), and two feed forward networks (FFN). Two types of positional embedding are applied to enrich information in latent features extracted from the backbone. Based on processed latent features, the CAB aims to learn the local context of rail components including their categories and component boundaries. Final categories and bounding boxes are generated via two FFN implemented in parallel. To enhance the detection of small components, various data augmentation methods are employed in the training process. The effectiveness of the proposed AttnConv-net is validated with one real dataset and another synthesized dataset. Compared with classic convolutional neural network based methods, our proposed method simplifies the detection pipeline by eliminating the need of prior- and post-processing, which offers a new speed-quality solution to enable faster and more accurate image-based rail component detections
Additional file 2 of Sensorimotor performance in acute-subacute non-specific neck pain: a non-randomized prospective clinical trial with intervention
Creators: name: Hage, Renaud
name: Detrembleur, Christine
name: Dierick, Frédéric
name: Brismée, Jean-Michel
name: Roussel, Nathalie
name: Pitance, Laurent
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Medicine
Neuroscience
Biotechnology
Science Policy

description: Additional file 2: Figure S2. Examples of PPIVM’s (Passive Physiological Intervertebral Movement’s) in Lateral flexion. Lateral flexion to the left on C1 (A) and C5 (B) with hand placement (“patient” in supine with the “head” beyond the end of the couch). With both hands, the assessor gave support under the occiput. The assessor applied the thumbs directed laterally to the articular pillars from the upper cervical region C1 (A) to the lower region C5 (B) on each side.
Additional file 1 of Sensorimotor performance in acute-subacute non-specific neck pain: a non-randomized prospective clinical trial with intervention
Creators: name: Hage, Renaud
name: Detrembleur, Christine
name: Dierick, Frédéric
name: Brismée, Jean-Michel
name: Roussel, Nathalie
name: Pitance, Laurent
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Medicine
Neuroscience
Biotechnology
Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Example of C0-C2 axial rotation test to the left (posterior view). The patient was examined in a standardized sitting position with the neck in neutral position. The assessor passively rotated the patient’s head to the left with C2 stabilized and the assessor’s thumb and index fingers to isolate superior cervical levels from below.
The ACS LCID Project: overview and first results
Creators: name: Gallart, Carme
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The star formation history (SFH) of Local Group galaxies is a powerful tool for studying their evolution, including chemical enrichment histories and stellar population gradients, which in turn may shed light on the role of reionization or Supernovae feedback in galaxy formation and evolution. In particular, isolated dwarfs are ideal laboratories since their evolution has not been complicated by the vicinity of giant galaxies. In this paper, we present the project Local Cosmology from Isolated Dwarfs (LCID), aimed at deriving detailed SFHs for a sample of Local Group isolated dwarf galaxies. To accomplish this goal we have collected, using the ACS on board the HST, color-magnitude diagrams (CMD) reaching their oldest main sequence turnoff (V~28 or M_V~+3.5) with good photometric accuracy. Some preliminary results from the CMDs are shown and briefly discussed.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures. To appear in the Proceedings of IAU Symposium 241: "Stellar Populations as Building Blocks of Galaxies", 10-16 December, 2006 at La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain
Spacetime singularity resolution by M-theory fivebranes: calibrated geometry, Anti-de Sitter solutions and special holonomy metrics
Creators: name: Mac Conamhna, Oisin A. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The supergravity description of various configurations of supersymmetric M-fivebranes wrapped on calibrated cycles of special holonomy manifolds is studied. The description is provided by solutions of eleven-dimensional supergravity which interpolate smoothly between a special holonomy manifold and an event horizon with Anti-de Sitter geometry. For known examples of Anti-de Sitter solutions, the associated special holonomy metric is derived. One explicit Anti-de Sitter solution of M-theory is so treated for fivebranes wrapping each of the following cycles: Kähler cycles in Calabi-Yau two-, three- and four-folds; special lagrangian cycles in three- and four-folds; associative three- and co-associative four-cycles in $G_2$ manifolds; complex lagrangian four-cycles in $Sp(2)$ manifolds; and Cayley four-cycles in $Spin(7)$ manifolds. In each case, the associated special holonomy metric is singular, and is a hyperbolic analogue of a known metric. The analogous known metrics are respectively: Eguchi-Hanson, the resolved conifold and the four-fold resolved conifold; the deformed conifold, and the Stenzel four-fold metric; the Bryant-Salamon-Gibbons-Page-Pope $G_2$ metrics on an $\mathbb{R}^4$ bundle over $S^3$, and an $\mathbb{R}^3$ bundle over $S^4$ or $\mathbb{CP}^2$; the Calabi hyper-Kähler metric on $T^*\mathbb{CP}^2$; and the Bryant-Salamon-Gibbons-Page-Pope $Spin(7)$ metric on an $\mathbb{R}^4$ bundle over $S^4$. By the AdS/CFT correspondence, a conformal field theory is associated to each of the new singular special holonomy metrics, and defines the quantum gravitational physics of the resolution of their singularities.
description: 1+52 pages
La estrategia informativa de los presidentes brasileños
Creators: name: Tumelero, Aglaé Isadora
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 160699 Political Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Political science

description: ​En la toma de decisiones presidenciales sobre políticas públicas, el acceso a la información es un elemento fundamental, el pulso de vida de la Presidencia. Sin embargo, los presidentes de los sistemas de gobierno multi-partidistas, como el de Brasil, afrontan obstáculos para acceder a esa información debido principalmente a los factores políticos asociados al elevado número de partidos en el Gabinete y a la heterogeneidad de preferencias entre ellos. El artículo analisa el uso de la centralización de estructuras de asesoría mediante medidas administrativas por los presidentes brasileños (1990-2019) para eludir los desafíos informativos que genera la disputa política.
Additional file 1 of Survey of transfemoral amputee experience and priorities for the user-centered design of powered robotic transfemoral prostheses
Creators: name: Fanciullacci, Chiara
name: McKinney, Zach
name: Monaco, Vito
name: Milandri, Giovanni
name: Davalli, Angelo
name: Sacchetti, Rinaldo
name: Laffranchi, Matteo
name: De Michieli, Lorenzo
name: Baldoni, Andrea
name: Mazzoni, Alberto
name: Paternò, Linda
name: Rosini, Elisa
name: Reale, Luigi
name: Trecate, Fabio
name: Crea, Simona
name: Vitiello, Nicola
name: Gruppioni, Emanuele
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Principal Component Loadings—User priorities for general characteristics of an ideal TFP (Pr-GC). Table S2. Principal Component Loadings—User priorities for functionality of an ideal TFP (Pr-Fn). Table S3. Principal Component Loadings—User priorities for active assistance in an ideal TFP (Pr-AA).
Giant Kerr nonlinearities and magneto-optical rotations in a Rydberg-atom gas via double electromagnetically induced transparency
Creators: name: Mu, Yue
name: Qin, Lu
name: Shi, Zeyun
name: Huang, Guoxiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the Kerr and magneto-optical effects for a probe laser field with two orthogonally polarized components, propagating in a cold Rydberg atomic gas with an inverted-Y-type level configuration via double electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Through an approach beyond both mean-field and ground-state approximations, we make detailed calculations on third-order nonlinear optical susceptibilities and show that the system possesses giant nonlocal selfand cross-Kerr nonlinearities contributed by Rydberg-Rydberg interaction. The theoretical result of the cross-Kerr nonlinearity obtained for 85Rb atomic gas is very close to the experimental one reported recently. Moreover, we demonstrate that the probe laser field can acquire a very large magnetooptical rotation via the double EIT, which may be used to design atomic magnetometers with high precision. The results presented here are promising not only for the development of nonlocal nonlinear magneto-optics but also for applications in precision measurement and optical information processing and transmission based on Rydberg atomic gases.
Additional file 3 of Motivational profiles and change in physical activity during a weight loss intervention: a secondary data analysis
Creators: name: Ostendorf, Danielle M.
name: Schmiege, Sarah J.
name: Conroy, David E.
name: Phelan, Suzanne
name: Bryan, Angela D.
name: Catenacci, Victoria A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3 : Supplementary Figure S1. Exploratory Results of Sex as a Moderator. Predicted change in mean ± standard error for total MVPA (min/d) levels from baseline to the end of the 6-month supervised exercise program by sex and motivational profile.
Inclusive approach to hunt for the beauty-charmed baryons $Ξ_{bc}$
Creators: name: Qin, Qin
name: Shi, Yu-Ji
name: Wang, Wei
name: Yang, Guo-He
name: Yu, Fu-Sheng
name: Zhu, Ruilin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With a distinctive internal structure from all established hadrons, the beauty-charmed baryons $Ξ_{bc}$ can provide us with new points of view to decipher the strong interaction. In this work, we point out that the inclusive $Ξ_{bc} \to Ξ_{cc}^{++}+X$ decay is a golden channel for the experimental discovery of $Ξ_{bc}$ at the LHC. A unique feature of this process is that the $Ξ_{cc}^{++}$ is displaced, which greatly reduces the combinatorial background. A feasibility analysis is performed on the $Ξ_{bc}^+$ search, which is expected to have a longer lifetime than $Ξ_{bc}^0$ and thus a better displacement resolution. The $Ξ_{bc}^+ \to Ξ_{cc}^{++}+X$ branching ratio is calculated within the heavy diquark effective theory. Combining the $Ξ_{bc}$ production rate and the $Ξ_{cc}^{++}$ detection efficiency, we anticipate that hundreds of signal events will be collected during LHCb Run 3.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Methods of Retrieving Large-Variable Exponents
Creators: name: Yukalov, V. I.
name: Gluzman, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Methods of determining, from small-variable asymptotic expansions, the characteristic exponents for variables tending to infinity are analyzed. The following methods are considered: diff-log Padé summation, self-similar factor approximation, self-similar diff-log summation, self-similar Borel summation, and self-similar Borel-Leroy summation. Several typical problems are treated. The comparison of the results shows that all these methods provide close estimates for the large-variable exponents. The reliable estimates are obtained when different methods of summation are compatible with each other.
description: Latex file, 19 pages
Additional file 2 of Motivational profiles and change in physical activity during a weight loss intervention: a secondary data analysis
Creators: name: Ostendorf, Danielle M.
name: Schmiege, Sarah J.
name: Conroy, David E.
name: Phelan, Suzanne
name: Bryan, Angela D.
name: Catenacci, Victoria A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2 : Supplementary Table S2. Association between Motivational Profile and PA Outcomes. Mean difference in PA outcomes across profiles tested with Wald test and subsequent between group comparisons.
Effects of Supernova Feedback on the Formation of Galaxy Disks
Creators: name: Scannapieco, Cecilia
name: Tissera, Patricia B.
name: White, Simon D. M.
name: Springel, Volker
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use cosmological simulations in order to study the effects of supernova (SN) feedback on the formation of a Milky Way-type galaxy of virial mass ~10^12 M_sun/h. We analyse a set of simulations run with the code described by Scannapieco et al. (2005, 2006), where we have tested our star formation and feedback prescription using isolated galaxy models. Here we extend this work by simulating the formation of a galaxy in its proper cosmological framework, focusing on the ability of the model to form a disk-like structure in rotational support. We find that SN feedback plays a fundamental role in the evolution of the simulated galaxy, efficiently regulating the star formation activity, pressurizing the gas and generating mass-loaded galactic winds. These processes affect several galactic properties such as final stellar mass, morphology, angular momentum, chemical properties, and final gas and baryon fractions. In particular, we find that our model is able to reproduce extended disk components with high specific angular momentum and a significant fraction of young stars. The galaxies are also found to have significant spheroids composed almost entirely of stars formed at early times. We find that most combinations of the input parameters yield disk-like components, although with different sizes and thicknesses, indicating that the code can form disks without fine-tuning the implemented physics. We also show how our model scales to smaller systems. By analysing simulations of virial masses 10^9 M_sun/h and 10^10 M_sun/h, we find that the smaller the galaxy, the stronger the SN feedback effects.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures, mne2.cls, MNRAS, replaced with accepted version
Additional file 1 of Motivational profiles and change in physical activity during a weight loss intervention: a secondary data analysis
Creators: name: Ostendorf, Danielle M.
name: Schmiege, Sarah J.
name: Conroy, David E.
name: Phelan, Suzanne
name: Bryan, Angela D.
name: Catenacci, Victoria A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1 : Supplementary Table S1. Fit Statistics for Latent Profile Analysis. Fit statistics from class enumeration process using latent profile analysis; Two to seven latent profile solutions were estimated during the class enumeration process to determine the optimal number of classes. Consistent with recent latent profile analysis methodological work [40], four different formulations for the covariance structure were tested.
Strong correlation effects and optical conductivity in electron doped cuprates
Creators: name: Das, Tanmoy
name: Markiewicz, R. S.
name: Bansil, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that most features ascribed to strong correlation effects in various spectroscopies of the cuprates are captured by a calculation of the self-energy incorporating effects of spin and charge fluctuations. The self energy is calculated over the full doping range of electron-doped cuprates from half filling to the overdoped system. The spectral function reveals four subbands, two widely split incoherent bands representing the remnant of the split Hubbard bands, and two additional coherent, spin- and charge-dressed in-gap bands split by a spin-density wave, which collapses in the overdoped regime. The incoherent features persist to high doping, producing a remnant Mott gap in the optical spectra, while transitions between the in-gap states lead to pseudogap features in the mid-infrared.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Juvenile - mature wood transition in second-growth coastal Douglas-fir
Creators: name: Di Lucca, Carlos Mario
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The transition from old-growth to second-growth British Columbia coastal Douglas-fir has resulted in reduction of log size and increased proportion of juvenile (core or crown-formed) wood. Determination of the zone of transition from juvenile to mature wood is critical to the definition of wood quality and timber value. Thirteen unpruned, two pruned second-growth, and two unpruned plantation-grown coastal Douglas-fir trees were sampled to analyze the hypothesis that the transition in relative density from juvenile to mature wood occurs at the base of the live crown. X-ray densftometric techniques were utilized to determine yearly pith to bark relative density data of five cross-sectional discs from each tree. Segmented linear regression techniques were utilized to estimate the juvenile - mature wood transition age from the data. The average number of growth increments from the pith at which juvenile - mature wood transition occurred on sections sampled at breast height, 20 percent and 40 percent of total height was 22.18. When the hypothesis was tested on unpruned trees, before and after harvest, the juvenile - mature wood transition occurred below the base of the live crown. When the hypothesis was tested on pruned trees, the transition occurred at the base of the live crown, which represented the upper limit of pruning height. This information may provide a greater insight into juvenile - mature wood transition. It will likely assist in the determination of wood quality and economic value of forest products manufactured from second-growth coastal Douglas-fir.
Field-tunable toroidal moment in a chiral-lattice magnet
Creators: name: Ding, Lei
name: Xu, Xianghan
name: Jeschke, Harald O.
name: Bai, Xiaojian
name: Feng, Erxi
name: Alemayehu, Admasu Solomon
name: Kim, Jaewook
name: Huang, Feiting
name: Zhang, Qiang
name: Ding, Xiaxin
name: Harrison, Neil
name: Zapf, Vivien
name: Khomskii, Daniel
name: Mazin, Igor I.
name: Cheong, Sang-Wook
name: Cao, Huibo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A toroidal dipole moment appears independent of the electric and magnetic dipole moment in the multipole expansion of electrodynamics. It arises naturally from vortex-like arrangements of spins. Observing and controlling spontaneous long-range orders of toroidal moments are highly promising for spintronics but remain challenging. Here we demonstrate that a vortex-like spin configuration with a staggered arrangement of toroidal moments, a ferritoroidal state, is realized in a chiral triangular-lattice magnet BaCoSiO4. Upon applying a magnetic field, we observe multi-stair toroidal transitions correlating directly with metamagnetic transitions. We establish a first-principles microscopic Hamiltonian that explains both the formation of toroidal states and the metamagnetic toroidal transition as a combined effect of the magnetic frustration and the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions allowed by the crystallographic chirality in BaCoSiO4.
Algebraic Compactness OF $\prod M_α/ \oplus M_α$
Creators: name: Dimitric, Radoslav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16D10, 16D80, 13C13

description: In this note, we are working within the category $\rmod$ of (unitary, left) $R$-modules, where $R$ is a {\bf countable} ring. It is well known (see e.g. Kiełpiński & Simson [5], Theorem 2.2) that the latter condition implies that the (left) pure global dimension of $R$ is at most 1. Given an infinite index set $A$, and a family $M_\al\in\rmod$, $\al\in A$ we are concerned with the conditions as to when the $R$-module $$\prod/\coprod=\prod_{\al\in A}M_\al/\bigoplus_{\al\in A}M_\al$$ is or is not algebraically compact. There are a number of special results regarding this question and this note is meant to be an addition to and a generalization of the set of these results. Whether the module in the title is algebraically compact or not depends on the numbers of algebraically compact and non-compact modules among the components $M_\al$.
Resilience of critical structures, infrastructures and communities
Creators: name: Cimellaro, Gian Paolo
name: Noori, Ali Zamani
name: Kammouh, Omar
name: Terzic, Vesna
name: Mahin, Stephen A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In recent years, the concept of resilience has been introduced to the field of engineering as it relates to disaster mitigation and management. However, the built environment is only one element that supports community functionality. Maintaining community functionality during and after a disaster, defined as resilience, is influenced by multiple components. This report summarizes the research activities of the first two years of an ongoing collaboration between the Politecnico di Torino and the University of California, Berkeley, in the field of disaster resilience. Chapter 1 focuses on the economic dimension of disaster resilience with an application to the San Francisco Bay Area; Chapter 2 analyzes the option of using base-isolation systems to improve the resilience of hospitals and school buildings; Chapter 3 investigates the possibility to adopt discrete event simulation models and a meta-model to measure the resilience of the emergency department of a hospital; Chapter 4 applies the meta-model developed in Chapter 3 to the hospital network in the San Francisco Bay Area, showing the potential of the model for design purposes Chapter 5 uses a questionnaire combined with factorial analysis to evaluate the resilience of a hospital; Chapter 6 applies the concept of agent-based models to analyze the performance of socio-technical networks during an emergency. Two applications are shown: a museum and a train station; Chapter 7 defines restoration fragility functions as tools to measure uncertainties in the restoration process; and Chapter 8 focuses on modeling infrastructure interdependencies using temporal networks at different spatial scales.
Additional file 1 of ‘Walking in the shoes of our patients’: a scoping review of healthcare professionals learning from the simulation of patient illness experiences
Creators: name: Karvelytė, Milda
name: Rogers, Janet
name: Gormley, Gerard J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Link to the scoping review data extraction table ( https://tinyurl.com/appendix1dataextractiontable ).
Additional file 1 of Teaching: confidence, prediction and tolerance intervals in scientific practice: a tutorial on binary variables
Creators: name: Hartnack, Sonja
name: Roos, Malgorzata
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. CI, PI, and TI for a binary primary outcome.
Abruption decay of entanglement and quantum communication through noise channels
Creators: name: Metwally, Nasser
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the dynamics of two qubits state through the Bloch channel. It is found that the degradation and sudden-death of the entanglement depend on the channel's parameters and the structure of the input state. Starting from partially entangled states as input state, the output states are more robust compared with those obtained from initial maximally entangled states. Also the survivability of entanglement increased as the absolute equilibrium values of the channel increased or the ratio between the longitudinal and transverse relaxation times gets smaller. Ability of using the output states as quantum channels to perform quantum teleportation is investigated. The idea that the useful output states are used to achieve the original quantum teleportation protocol is discussed.
Additional file 1 of Novel protocol combining physical and nutrition therapies, Intensive Goal-directed REhabilitation with Electrical muscle stimulation and Nutrition (IGREEN) care bundle
Creators: name: Nakano, Hidehiko
name: Naraba, Hiromu
name: Hashimoto, Hideki
name: Mochizuki, Masaki
name: Takahashi, Yuji
name: Sonoo, Tomohiro
name: Ogawa, Yasuhiro
name: Matsuishi, Yujiro
name: Shimojo, Nobutake
name: Inoue, Yoshiaki
name: Nakamura, Kensuke
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Daily trajectory of N-titin/Cre. Table S2. Results of multivariate linear regression analysis for femoral muscle volume loss. Figure S3. Correlation between N-titin/Cre and various muscle strength and physical functions. Figure S4. ROC curve for MRC <48 and mean N-titin/Cre.
Direct Measurement of Neutrino Mass
Creators: name: Robertson, R. G. Hamish
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The sum of the masses of the three neutrino mass eigenstates is now constrained both from above and below, and lies between 55 and 6900 meV. The lower limit is set by neutrino oscillations and the fact that masses are non-negative. The upper limit is set by laboratory measurements on the beta decay of tritium. These determinations share a common characteristic of being essentially model independent, or "direct." The clustering on large scales in the universe depends on this quantity, and, within the framework of Lambda-CDM cosmology, favors a mass sum below about 600 meV. In this article, the laboratory approach to neutrino mass via beta decay is emphasized, particularly an experiment now under construction, KATRIN, on the beta decay of tritium. Another candidate beta-active nuclide, Re-187, offers an advantage in phase space but calls for a very different experimental approach.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, for Proceedings of Carolina International Symposium on Neutrino Physics, Columbia, SC, May 15-17, 2008. To be published in J.Phys.: Conf. Series
Quantum state transfer between two photons with polarization and orbital angular momentum via quantum teleportation technology
Creators: name: Ru, Shihao
name: An, Min
name: Yang, Yu
name: Qu, Rui
name: Wang, Feiran
name: Wang, Yunlong
name: Zhang, Pei
name: Li, Fuli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum teleportation is a useful quantum information technology to transmit quantum states between different degrees of freedom. We here report a quantum state transfer experiment in the linear optical system, transferring a single photon state in the polarization degree of freedom (DoF) to another photon in the orbital angular momentum (OAM) quantum state via a biphoton OAM entangled channel. Our experimental method is based on quantum teleportation technology. The differences between ours and the original teleportation scheme is that the transfer state is known in ours, and our method is for different particles with different DoFs while the original one is for different particles with same DoF. Besides, our present experiment is implemented with a high Bell-efficiency since each of the four hybrid-entangled Bell states can be discriminated. We use six states of poles of the Bloch sphere to test our experiment, and the fidelity of the quantum state transfer is $91.8\pm1.3\%$.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in PRA
Scaling and correlations in the dynamics of forest-fire occurrence
Creators: name: Corral, Alvaro
name: Telesca, Luciano
name: Lasaponara, Rosa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Forest-fire waiting times, defined as the time between successive events above a certain size in a given region, are calculated for Italy. The probability densities of the waiting times are found to verify a scaling law, despite that fact that the distribution of fire sizes is not a power law. The meaning of such behavior in terms of the possible self-similarity of the process in a nonstationary system is discussed. We find that the scaling law arises as a consequence of the stationarity of fire sizes and the existence of a non-trivial ``instantaneous'' scaling law, sustained by the correlations of the process.
description: Not a long paper, but many figures (but no large size in kb)
A Note on Surjective Inverse Systems
Creators: name: Dimitric, Radoslav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18A30, 18G10, 18G20, 16E10, 13D05

description: Given an upward directed set $I$ we consider surjective $I$-inverse systems $\{X_\al,f_{\al\be}:X_\be\lra X_\al| \al\leq\be\in I\}$, namely those inverse systems that have all $f_{\al\be}$ surjective. A number of properties of $I$-inverse systems have been investigated; such are the Mittag-Leffler condition, investigated by Grothendieck and flabby and semi-flabby $I$-inverse systems studied by Jensen. We note that flabby implies semi-flabby implies surjective implies Mittag-Leffler. Some of the results about surjective inverse systems have been known for some time. The aim of this note is to give a series of equivalent statements and implications involving surjective inverse systems and the systems satisfying the Mittag-Leffler condition, together with improvements of established results, as well as their relationships with the already known, but scattered facts. The most prominent results relate cardinalities of the index sets with right exactness of the inverse limit functor and the non-vanishing of the inverse limit -- connections related to cohomological dimensions.
Finite size scaling of meson propagators with isospin chemical potential
Creators: name: Akemann, G.
name: Basile, F.
name: Lellouch, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine the volume and mass dependence of scalar and pseudoscalar two-point functions in N_f-flavour QCD, in the presence of an isospin chemical potential and at fixed gauge-field topology. We obtain these results at second order in the ε-expansion of Chiral Perturbation Theory and evaluate all relevant zero-mode group integrals analytically. The virtue of working with a non-vanishing chemical potential is that it provides the correlation functions with a dependence on both the chiral condensate, Σ, and the pion decay constant, F, already at leading order. Our results may therefore be useful for improving the determination of these constants from lattice QCD calculations. As a side product, we rectify an earlier calculation of the O(ε^2) finite-volume correction to the decay constant appearing in the partition function. We also compute a generalised partition function which is useful for evaluating U(N_f) group integrals.
description: 15 LaTeX pages
On the escape of particles from cosmic ray modified shocks
Creators: name: Caprioli, D.
name: Blasi, P.
name: Amato, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stationary solutions to the problem of particle acceleration at shock waves in the non-linear regime, when the dynamical reaction of the accelerated particles on the shock cannot be neglected, are known to show a prominent energy flux escaping from the shock towards upstream infinity. On physical grounds, the escape of particles from the upstream region of a shock has to be expected in all those situations in which the maximum momentum of accelerated particles, $p_{max}$, decreases with time, as is the case for the Sedov-Taylor phase of expansion of a shell Supernova Remnant, when both the shock velocity and the cosmic ray induced magnetization decrease. In this situation, at each time $t$, particles with momenta larger than $p_{max}(t)$ leave the system from upstream, carrying away a large fraction of the energy if the shock is strongly modified by the presence of cosmic rays. This phenomenon is of crucial importance for explaining the cosmic ray spectrum detected at Earth. In this paper we discuss how this escape flux appears in the different approaches to non-linear diffusive shock acceleration, and especially in the quasi-stationary semi-analytical kinetic ones. We apply our calculations to the Sedov-Taylor phase of a typical supernova remnant, including in a self-consistent way particle acceleration, magnetic field amplification and the dynamical reaction on the shock structure of both particles and fields. Within this framework we calculate the temporal evolution of the maximum energy reached by the accelerated particles and of the escape flux towards upstream infinity. The latter quantity is directly related to the cosmic ray spectrum detected at Earth.
description: Version accepted for publication in MNRAS
From One to Many: A Deep Learning Coincident Gravitational-Wave Search
Creators: name: Schäfer, Marlin B.
name: Nitz, Alexander H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Gravitational waves from the coalescence of compact-binary sources are now routinely observed by Earth bound detectors. The most sensitive search algorithms convolve many different pre-calculated gravitational waveforms with the detector data and look for coincident matches between different detectors. Machine learning is being explored as an alternative approach to building a search algorithm that has the prospect to reduce computational costs and target more complex signals. In this work we construct a two-detector search for gravitational waves from binary black hole mergers using neural networks trained on non-spinning binary black hole data from a single detector. The network is applied to the data from both observatories independently and we check for events coincident in time between the two. This enables the efficient analysis of large quantities of background data by time-shifting the independent detector data. We find that while for a single detector the network retains $91.5\%$ of the sensitivity matched filtering can achieve, this number drops to $83.9\%$ for two observatories. To enable the network to check for signal consistency in the detectors, we then construct a set of simple networks that operate directly on data from both detectors. We find that none of these simple two-detector networks are capable of improving the sensitivity over applying networks individually to the data from the detectors and searching for time coincidences.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables
Presentation: Evaluating supply chains from a resilience and cost perspective: A scoping literature review and future research directions
Creators: name: Alem Fonseca, Mariel
name: Nie, Wei
name: Tsolakis, Naoum
name: Kumar, Mukesh
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2023

description: Resilience in food supply chains (SCs) is critical to ensure food security, but it may come at a cost. Today, SCs face the challenge of balancing cost-effectiveness and resilience to remain competitive and viable. While reducing costs is critical to compete in the market, ensuring resilience is essential to withstand disruptions and guarantee food availability. This paper examines the relationship between resilience and cost at each sustainability pillar in food SCs. A critical literature review led to the development of a theoretical framework for evaluating the SC resilience and cost level, which can support operations management and decision-making processes.
Phenomenology and Theory of Cosmic Particles in the Galaxy
Creators: name: Evoli, Carmelo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: cosmic rays
astroparticle physics
turbulence

description: Seminar given at the IRAP - Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées on June 20th, 2019.
description: {"references": ["Evoli, Carmelo et al. (2019), Physical Review D, Volume 99, Issue 10, id.103023", "Evoli, Carmelo et al. (2018), Physical Review Letters, Volume 121, Issue 2, id.021102"]}
Como os presidentes se informam? A estratégia presidencial de assessoramento no Brasil (1990-2017)
Creators: name: Tumelero, Aglaé Isadora
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 160699 Political Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Political science

description: The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze what strategies the Brazilian presidents of the period 1990-2017 used to circumvent in informational problems arose in the decision-making process resulting from the cabinet's multiparty composition, party alternation and external shocks. To this end, the analysis focuses on an administrative tool available to the presidents, namely, the centralization of formal advisory structures (EFAPs) in the Presidency aimed at collecting, systematizing and providing advice and information. To analyze the advisory structures, two work fronts are undertaken. First, a descriptive analysis of these structures is carried out based on five dimensions in relation to which they vary: (1) the quantity of EFAPs present in the Presidency, (2) of the political area to which they are directed, (3) the type of policy they are dealing with, (4) institutionalization and (5) composition. Second, an exploratory analysis to verify whether and how the informational problems arising from the cabinet's multiparty composition, party alternation and external shocks are associated with the variation in the annual quantity of EFAPs centralized in the Presidency. To verify the association, bivariate analyzes are performed (Pearson's correlated test, Spearman's and Qui-square of independence). The results of the analyzes indicate that there is, in fact, a positive and significant association between the information problems resulting from the cabinet's multiparty composition and the centralization of new EFAPs. However, they indicate a low association between the other informational problems discussed and the centralization of new EFAPs. Such findings suggest that more definitive conclusions about the relationship between these variables require a multivariate analysis, controlling the interference of other factors.