cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The targum (1939:Dec. 6 - 1939:Dec. 13)
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Targum Association
Year: 1939

description: Some University historians indicate that the Targum was first published as an annual in 1867, but of this we have no extant evidence. In January 1869, the Targum as we now know it, made its appearance as a monthly paper that concerned itself with student “literary contributions” and college news as well as serving as a vehicle for bringing news to alumni and the general public. The newspaper, which originally was for sale, varied in frequency over the years as did its title (The Targum, Rutgers Targum, Rutgers Daily Targum, and Daily Targum). The newspaper has continuously been published since 1869 with the exception of 19 months during the second world war, between February 1944 and October 1945. The Targum was published by the students of Rutgers College, and later Rutgers University—New Brunswick represented through the years as the Targum Association, Rutgers Targum Association, and Rutgers College Targum. As a student organization, the Targum operated under the oversight of the dean of students and student government but in October 1980, the Targum became an independent college paper.
The effect of potassium upon the uptake and distribution of magnesium in plants
Creators: name: Lamp, CA
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: Applications of potassium fertilisers may reduce the amount of magnesium in plants, at times to a degree which produces symptoms of magnesium deficiency. As well as its effects on the availability of soil magnesium, potassium affects the amount of magnesium in the plant in two ways: by competition at the site of uptake, thus resulting in a lower total plant magnesium, or by reducing transport of magnesium between plant organs. There is disagreement on the relative importance of these factors. The kinetics of short term uptake of potassium and magnesium by detached barley roots were studied by methods based on the Michaelis-Menten theory of enzyme-substrate relationships. These experiments showed competitive inhibition of magnesium by potassium but not of potassium by magnesium. This may be explained by proposing that there are many sites of potassium uptake and that some of them are free of magnesium competition. Competitive inhibition of a divalent ion by a monovalent ion has not been observed previously, earlier reports being confined to competition between ions of like valency. An apparent stimulation of potassium uptake by magnesium was found to be due to the influence of a common anion (chloride).
The targum (1940:Jan. 10)
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Targum Association
Year: 1940

description: Some University historians indicate that the Targum was first published as an annual in 1867, but of this we have no extant evidence. In January 1869, the Targum as we now know it, made its appearance as a monthly paper that concerned itself with student “literary contributions” and college news as well as serving as a vehicle for bringing news to alumni and the general public. The newspaper, which originally was for sale, varied in frequency over the years as did its title (The Targum, Rutgers Targum, Rutgers Daily Targum, and Daily Targum). The newspaper has continuously been published since 1869 with the exception of 19 months during the second world war, between February 1944 and October 1945. The Targum was published by the students of Rutgers College, and later Rutgers University—New Brunswick represented through the years as the Targum Association, Rutgers Targum Association, and Rutgers College Targum. As a student organization, the Targum operated under the oversight of the dean of students and student government but in October 1980, the Targum became an independent college paper.
Identifying Bright Stars in Crowded Environments Using Velocity Dispersion Measurements, and an Application to the Center of M32
Creators: name: Davidge, T. J.
name: Beck, T. L.
name: McGregor, P. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The identification of individual stars in crowded environments using photometric information alone is confounded by source confusion. However, with the addition of spectroscopic information it is possible to distinguish between blends and areas where the light is dominated by a single star using the widths of absorption features. We describe a procedure for identifying locations in kinematically hot environments where the light is dominated by a single star, and apply this method to spectra with 0.1 arcsec angular resolution covering the 2.1 - 2.3 micron interval in the central regions of M32. Targets for detailed investigation are selected as areas of localized brightness enhancement. Three locations where at least 60% of the K-band light comes from a single bright star, and another with light that is dominated by two stars with very different velocities, are identified. The dominant stars are evolving near the tip of the asymptotic giant branch (AGB), and have M5 III spectral type. The lack of a dispersion in spectral-type suggests that the upper AGB within the central arcsec of M32 has a dispersion in J-K of only a few hundreths of a magnitude, in agreement with what is seen at larger radii. One star has weaker atomic absorption lines than the others, such that [M/H] is 0.2 dex lower. Such a difference in metallicity is consistent with the metallicity dispersion inferred from the width of the AGB in M32. The use of line width to distinguish between blends involving many relatively faint stars, none of which dominate the light output, and areas that are dominated by a single intrinsically bright star could be extended to crowded environments in other nearby galaxies.
description: Accepted for publication in the PASP
A Fast Algorithm for Robust Regression with Penalised Trimmed Squares
Creators: name: Pitsoulis, L.
name: Zioutas, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The presence of groups containing high leverage outliers makes linear regression a difficult problem due to the masking effect. The available high breakdown estimators based on Least Trimmed Squares often do not succeed in detecting masked high leverage outliers in finite samples. An alternative to the LTS estimator, called Penalised Trimmed Squares (PTS) estimator, was introduced by the authors in \cite{ZiouAv:05,ZiAvPi:07} and it appears to be less sensitive to the masking problem. This estimator is defined by a Quadratic Mixed Integer Programming (QMIP) problem, where in the objective function a penalty cost for each observation is included which serves as an upper bound on the residual error for any feasible regression line. Since the PTS does not require presetting the number of outliers to delete from the data set, it has better efficiency with respect to other estimators. However, due to the high computational complexity of the resulting QMIP problem, exact solutions for moderately large regression problems is infeasible. In this paper we further establish the theoretical properties of the PTS estimator, such as high breakdown and efficiency, and propose an approximate algorithm called Fast-PTS to compute the PTS estimator for large data sets efficiently. Extensive computational experiments on sets of benchmark instances with varying degrees of outlier contamination, indicate that the proposed algorithm performs well in identifying groups of high leverage outliers in reasonable computational time.
description: 27 pages
Addition of tabulated equation of state and neutrino leakage support to IllinoisGRMHD
Creators: name: Werneck, Leonardo R.
name: Etienne, Zachariah B.
name: Murguia-Berthier, Ariadna
name: Haas, Roland
name: Cipolletta, Federico
name: Noble, Scott C.
name: Ennoggi, Lorenzo
name: Armengol, Federico G. Lopez
name: Giacomazzo, Bruno
name: Assumpção, Thiago
name: Faber, Joshua
name: Gupte, Tanmayee
name: Kelly, Bernard J.
name: Krolik, Julian H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have added support for realistic, microphysical, finite-temperature equations of state (EOS) and neutrino physics via a leakage scheme to IllinoisGRMHD, an open-source GRMHD code for dynamical spacetimes in the Einstein Toolkit. These new features are provided by two new, NRPy+-based codes: NRPyEOS, which performs highly efficient EOS table lookups and interpolations, and NRPyLeakage, which implements a new, AMR-capable neutrino leakage scheme in the Einstein Toolkit. We have performed a series of strenuous validation tests that demonstrate the robustness of these new codes, particularly on the Cartesian AMR grids provided by Carpet. Furthermore, we show results from fully dynamical GRMHD simulations of single unmagnetized neutron stars, and magnetized binary neutron star mergers. This new version of IllinoisGRMHD, as well as NRPyEOS and NRPyLeakage, is pedagogically documented in Jupyter notebooks and fully open source. The codes will be proposed for inclusion in an upcoming version of the Einstein Toolkit.
description: 20 pages, 9 figures. v3 erratum: fixed typo in Eq. (21)
An Alternative Origin for Hypervelocity Stars
Creators: name: Abadi, Mario G.
name: Navarro, Julio F.
name: Steinmetz, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Halo stars with unusually high radial velocity ("hypervelocity" stars, or HVS) are thought to be stars unbound to the Milky Way that originate from the gravitational interaction of stellar systems with the supermassive black hole at the Galactic center. We examine the latest HVS compilation and find peculiarities that are unexpected in this black hole-ejection scenario. For example, a large fraction of HVS cluster around the constellation of Leo and share a common travel time of $\sim 100$-200 Myr. Furthermore, their velocities are not really extreme if, as suggested by recent galaxy formation models, the Milky Way is embedded within a $2.5\times 10^{12} h^{-1} M_{\odot}$ dark halo with virial velocity of $\sim 220$ km/s. In this case, the escape velocity at $\sim 50$ kpc would be $\sim 600$ km/s and very few HVS would be truly unbound. We use numerical simulations to show that disrupting dwarf galaxies may contribute halo stars with velocities up to and sometimes exceeding the nominal escape speed of the system. These stars are arranged in a thinly-collimated outgoing ``tidal tail'' stripped from the dwarf during its latest pericentric passage. We speculate that some HVS may therefore be tidal debris from a dwarf recently disrupted near the center of the Galaxy. In this interpretation, the angular clustering of HVS results because from our perspective the tail is seen nearly ``end on'', whereas the common travel time simply reflects the fact that these stars were stripped simultaneously from the dwarf during a single pericentric passage. This proposal is eminently falsifiable, since it makes a number of predictions that are distinct from the black-hole ejection mechanism and that should be testable with improved HVS datasets.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures. Replacement to match version accepted to ApJL
Visual discrimination of alphabet letters by preschool children
Creators: name: Bain, David Alexander
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The purpose of the present study was to ascertain from the research literature on alphabet legibility and geometric form discrimination what minimum number and nature of changes could be made to the letters b, d , p and q to increase the ability of preschool children to discriminate vertical, horizontal and rotational changes in orientation of the letters. In accordance with the research evidence the stem of each letter was replaced by a solid black, right-angle triangle. For each letter the smallest angle of the triangle was uppermost, the right-angle was in the bottom left-hand corner, and a small white circle was imbedded in the right-angle. The base of the triangle was equal in width to the diameter of the eye of the letters. To test the hypothesis that for preschool children horizontal, vertical and rotational changes in orientation of the modified letters would be more discriminable than identical orientation changes of the standard letters a four-to-one match to sample format was used. In this format one stimulus letter was to be matched with an identical letter contained within a matrix of three letters each depicting a different orientation of the stimulus letter. Kindergarten children between the ages of 4.6 and 5.6 were selected in terms of their performance on two screening tests. Thirty-six children were included in the sample with 18 subjects in each treatment group. One screening test used simple geometric shapes to assess the child's fundamental understanding of the concept of similarity, and his ability to respond adequately to the four-to-one match to sample format. The second screening and training test reinforced the child, verbally and with candy to attend to orientation cues; the subject was required to manually reorient a response figure to match in sequence a number of sample figures each of which represented one of the three alternative orientations. The subjects were then given an error base-rate test of twenty-four, four-to-one match to sample formats comprising all permutations of the standard letters b, d , p and q . In accordance with their scores on this test (total number of correct discriminations) subjects were assigned by the randomized blocks design to the control and experimental groups. For the treatment, the control group was given the pretest again while the experimental group was given a test in identical format using the modified characters. Statistical analysis of the gain scores (number of correct discriminations on the treatment test minus number of correct discriminations on the error base-rate test) indicated that the modified letters significantly improved discrimination of orientational changes at the .025 level of significance, and that no significant difference existed between the performance of males and females.
Maximum multinomial likelihood estimation in compound mixture model with application to malaria study
Creators: name: Tian, Zhaoyang
name: Liang, Kun
name: Li, Pengfei
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Malaria can be diagnosed by the presence of parasites and symptoms (usually fever) due to the parasites. In endemic areas, however, an individual may have fever attributable either to malaria or to other causes. Thus the parasite level of an individual with fever follows a two-component mixture, with the two components corresponding to malaria and nonmalaria individuals. Furthermore, the parasite levels of nonmalaria individuals can be characterised as a mixture of a zero component and a positive distribution. In this article, we propose a nonparametric maximum multinomial likelihood approach for estimating the proportion of malaria using parasite-level data from two groups of individuals collected in two different seasons. We develop an EM-algorithm to numerically calculate the proposed estimates and further establish their convergence rates. Simulation results show that the proposed estimators are more efficient than existing nonparametric estimators. The proposed method is used to analyse malaria survey data.
Additional file 1: of Formation of Monodisperse Carbon Spheres with Tunable Size via Triblock Copolymer-Assisted Synthesis and Their Capacitor Properties
Creators: name: Liang, Zhongguan
name: Zhang, Luomeng
name: Liu, Hao
name: Zeng, Jianping
name: Zhou, Jianfei
name: Li, Hongjian
name: Xia, Hui
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biophysics
Biochemistry
Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Medicine
Molecular Biology
Pharmacology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Developmental Biology
Cancer

description: Figure S1. SEM images of MCSs prepared at different dosage of F108: (a) 0 mg, (b) 20 mg, (c) 40 mg and (d) 80 mg. Figure S2. The electrochemical characteristics of the aMCSs-0.4 electrode: (a) GCD curves with current density of 1 A/g at different F108 dosage, (b) Specific capacitance as a function of F108 dosage. Figure S3. The high-resolution TEM image of aMCSs-0.4. (DOCX 1965 kb)
Not turning a blind eye: Digital inclusivity and smartphone adoption among the visually impaired in Singapore
Creators: name: NG, YI KAI AARON
name: Rui, Cheng
name: Chong, Gerald
name: Goh, Lionel
name: Ng, Mitchell
name: Wong, Natalie
Publisher: name: Singapore Institute of Technology
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 440701
subject: Communications and media policy

description: Smartphone technology has become indispensable for living highly digitalized societies. In such societies, the smartphone is crucial for performing many critical life activities, such as banking, shopping, and accessing government services. Virtually all commercially available smartphones are primarily designed for individuals who are not visually impaired (VI); thus, a baseline level of visual acuity is required for seamless usage. VI individuals have no alternative to the contemporary smartphone and are effectively forced to use it in highly digitalized societies, for it would otherwise be exceedingly onerous or impossible to perform critical life activities and functions, such as banking and accessing government services, in highly digitalized societies. Existing theoretical approaches to technology use and adoption are mostly inadequate for understanding forced adoption of technology by people with disabilities. Therefore, this paper critically interrogates the problem of the VI individual’s everyday experience with using commercially available smartphones in the Singapore context. Singapore is one of the world’s most digitalized societies following a decade of digital transformation through its Smart Nation policy initiative launched in 2014. Through in-depth semi-structured interviews with 12 visually impaired smartphone users in Singapore, we sought to understand their everyday lived experiences of using smartphone technology that is primarily designed for non-visually impaired users. Findings reveal that visually impaired users have been left behind in the country’s rapid digitalization efforts and are digitally marginalized, facing a multitude of problems performing critical daily tasks. Examples include frequently failing to enter one-time passwords within time limit due to inability to see the passwords clearly, as well as difficulty in reading texts due to the lack of high contrast interfaces in banking applications, which increases the likelihood of financial loss through banking transaction mistakes. Findings also reveal structural challenges for VI smartphone users, who often do not have financial means to purchase higher-end smartphones that have much improved accessibility functions that can mitigate some of the problems they face when using contemporary smartphones that are primarily designed for non-visually impaired users. These findings suggest that Singapore’s smart nation drive has not been sufficiently inclusive for VI smartphone users; policy interventions and greater awareness of the importance of digital inclusivity are needed so that traditionally marginalized groups such as the visually impaired are not further marginalized in highly digitalized societies.
Topological complexity of collision-free motion planning on surfaces
Creators: name: Cohen, Daniel C.
name: Farber, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F36, 55M30, 55R80

description: The topological complexity TC(X) is a numerical homotopy invariant of a topological space X which is motivated by robotics and is similar in spirit to the classical Lusternik-Schnirelmann category of X. Given a mechanical system with configuration space X, the invariant TC(X) measures the complexity of all possible motion planning algorithms designed for the system. In this paper, we compute the topological complexity of the configuration space of n distinct ordered points on an orientable surface. Our main tool is a theorem of B. Totaro describing the cohomology of configuration spaces of algebraic varieties.
Gravitational Spin-Orbit Hamiltonian at NNNLO in the post-Newtonian framework
Creators: name: Mandal, Manoj K.
name: Mastrolia, Pierpaolo
name: Patil, Raj
name: Steinhoff, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the result of the spin-orbit interaction Hamiltonian for binary systems of rotating compact objects with generic spins, up to NNNLO corrections within the post-Newtonian expansion. The calculation is performed by employing the effective field theory diagrammatic approach, and it involves Feynman integrals up to three loops, evaluated within the dimensional regularization scheme. We apply canonical transformations to eliminate the non-physical divergences and spurious logarithmic behaviours of the Hamiltonian, and use the latter to derive the gauge-invariant binding energy and the scattering angle, in special kinematic regimes.
description: Generic Hamiltonian amended, satisfying Poincare Algebra, following arXiv:2208.14949 and arXiv:2210.17538. Ancillary files are revised
DCATS: Differential composition analysis of single-cell data
Creators: name: Xinyi Lin
name: Yuanhua Huang
name: Ho, Joshua
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2021

description: Single cell profiling technology such as single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) enables high throughput discovery and characterisation of diverse cell types or cell states in a population of cells. This ability has given rise to new statistical problems in robust quantification and comparison of cell-type proportion.. It remains challenging to effectively detect differential compositions of cell types when comparing samples coming from different conditions or along with continuous covariates, partly due to the small number of replicates and high uncertainty of cell clustering. Here, we introduce a new statistical model, DCATS, for differential composition analysis in single cells in a framework of beta-binomial regression. It leverages a confusion matrix to correct the bias of clustering and allows pre-estimated parameters across all cell types to account for its uncertainty. It also allows us to regress out the influence of confounding covariates except for the condition factor. Through multiple simulated and experimental data sets, we demonstrate the high effectiveness of DCATS in identifying variable cell types in various experiment designs. Combining the differential genes analysis, cell-cell interaction analysis, and other scRNA-seq analysis, DCATS deepens our understanding of cell types differential composition and gain biological insight.
The targum (1940:Feb. 3 - 1940:Feb. 28)
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Targum Association
Year: 1940

description: Some University historians indicate that the Targum was first published as an annual in 1867, but of this we have no extant evidence. In January 1869, the Targum as we now know it, made its appearance as a monthly paper that concerned itself with student “literary contributions” and college news as well as serving as a vehicle for bringing news to alumni and the general public. The newspaper, which originally was for sale, varied in frequency over the years as did its title (The Targum, Rutgers Targum, Rutgers Daily Targum, and Daily Targum). The newspaper has continuously been published since 1869 with the exception of 19 months during the second world war, between February 1944 and October 1945. The Targum was published by the students of Rutgers College, and later Rutgers University—New Brunswick represented through the years as the Targum Association, Rutgers Targum Association, and Rutgers College Targum. As a student organization, the Targum operated under the oversight of the dean of students and student government but in October 1980, the Targum became an independent college paper.
edgeR: differential analysis of sequence read count data
Creators: name: Yunshun Chen
name: Yunshun Chen
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2021

description: edgeR is one of the world's most popular R software packages for RNA-seq analysis. This presentation provides an overview of the current state of the edgeR package. It describes the various functionalities offered in edgeR, including differential gene/transcript level expression analysis, gene set enrichment analysis, differential exon usage analysis, RNA-seq time-course analysis, as well as some applications to single-cell analysis.
title: The Challenges of Reconstructing Tropical Biodiversity With Sedimentary Ancient DNA
title: A 2200-Year-Long Metagenomic Record From Bwindi Impenetrable Forest, Uganda
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Dommain, René
name: Andama, Morgan
name: McDonough, Molly M.
name: Prado, Natalia A.
name: Goldhammer, Tobias
name: Potts, Richard
name: Maldonado, Jesús E.
name: Nkurunungi, John Bosco
name: Campana, Michael G.
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2020

description: Sedimentary ancient DNA has been proposed as a key methodology for reconstructing biodiversity over time. Yet, despite the concentration of Earth’s biodiversity in the tropics, this method has rarely been applied in this region. Moreover, the taphonomy of sedimentary DNA, especially in tropical environments, is poorly understood. This study elucidates challenges and opportunities of sedimentary ancient DNA approaches for reconstructing tropical biodiversity. We present shotgun-sequenced metagenomic profiles and DNA degradation patterns from multiple sediment cores from Mubwindi Swamp, located in Bwindi Impenetrable Forest (Uganda), one of the most diverse forests in Africa. We describe the taxonomic composition of the sediments covering the past 2200 years and compare the sedimentary DNA data with a comprehensive set of environmental and sedimentological parameters to unravel the conditions of DNA degradation. Consistent with the preservation of authentic ancient DNA in tropical swamp sediments, DNA concentration and mean fragment length declined exponentially with age and depth, while terminal deamination increased with age. DNA preservation patterns cannot be explained by any environmental parameter alone, but age seems to be the primary driver of DNA degradation in the swamp. Besides degradation, the presence of living microbial communities in the sediment also affects DNA quantity. Critically, 92.3% of our metagenomic data of a total 81.8 million unique, merged reads cannot be taxonomically identified due to the absence of genomic references in public databases. Of the remaining 7.7%, most of the data (93.0%) derive from Bacteria and Archaea, whereas only 0–5.8% are from Metazoa and 0–6.9% from Viridiplantae, in part due to unbalanced taxa representation in the reference data. The plant DNA record at ordinal level agrees well with local pollen data but resolves less diversity. Our animal DNA record reveals the presence of 41 native taxa (16 orders) including Afrotheria, Carnivora, and Ruminantia at Bwindi during the past 2200 years. Overall, we observe no decline in taxonomic richness with increasing age suggesting that several-thousand-year-old information on past biodiversity can be retrieved from tropical sediments. However, comprehensive genomic surveys of tropical biota need prioritization for sedimentary DNA to be a viable methodology for future tropical biodiversity studies.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, 970
title: Editorial – und ein Rück/Blick nach vorne auf 30 Jahre Österreichisches Religionspädagogisches Forum
Creators: name: Wieser, Renate
name: Ritzer, Georg
name: Weirer, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Universität Graz
Year: 2021

description: ÖRF 29 (2021) 2, 6–16 • DOI: 10.25364/10.29:2021.2.1
Homogenization of discrete mesoscale model of concrete for coupled mass transport and mechanics by asymptotic expansion
Creators: name: Eliáš, Jan
name: Cusatis, Gianluca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: J.6

description: Mass transport phenomenon in concrete structures is strongly coupled with their mechanical behavior. The first coupling fabric is the Biot's theory according to which fluid pressure interacts with solid stress state and volumetric deformation rate of the solid induces changes in fluid pressure. Another coupling mechanism emerges with cracks which serve as channels for the fluid to flow through them and provide volume for fluid storage. Especially the second coupling mechanism presents a challenge for numerical modeling as it requires detailed knowledge about cracking process. Discrete mesoscale mechanical models coupled with mass transport offer simple and robust way to solve the problem. On the other hand, however, they are computationally demanding. In order to reduce this computational burden, the present paper applies the asymptotic expansion homogenization technique to the coupled problem to deliver (i) continuous and homogeneous description of the macroscopic problem which can be easily solved by the finite element method, (ii) discrete and heterogeneous mesoscale problem in the periodic setup attached to each integration point of the macroscale along with (iii) equations providing communication between these two scales. The transient terms appear at the macroscale only, as well as the Biot's coupling terms. The coupling through cracking is treated at the mesoscale by changing conductivity of the conduit elements according to the mechanical solution, otherwise the two mesoscale steady state problems are decoupled and can be therefore solved in a sequence. This paper presents verification studies showing performance of the homogenized solution.
description: 29 pages, 9 figures
title: Genetic Identity and Herbivory Drive the Invasion of a Common Aquatic Microbial Invader
Creators: name: Bolius, Sarah
name: Karoline Morling
name: Wiedner, Claudia
name: Weithoff, Guntram
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2020

description: Despite the increasing number of species invasions, the factors driving invasiveness are still under debate. This is particularly the case for “invisible” invasions by aquatic microbial species. Since in many cases only a few individuals or propagules enter a new habitat, their genetic variation is low and might limit their invasion success, known as the genetic bottleneck. Thus, a key question is, how genetic identity and diversity of invading species influences their invasion success and, subsequently, affect the resident community. We conducted invader-addition experiments using genetically different strains of the globally invasive, aquatic cyanobacterium Raphidiopsis raciborskii (formerly: Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii) to determine the role of invader identity and genetic diversity (strain richness) at four levels of herbivory. We tested the invasion success of solitary single strain invasions against the invader genetic diversity, which was experimentally increased up to ten strains (multi-strain populations). By using amplicon sequencing we determined the strain-specific invasion success in the multi-strain treatments and compared those with the success of these strains in the single-strain treatments. Furthermore, we tested for the invasion success under different herbivore pressures. We showed that high grazing pressure by a generalist herbivore prevented invasion, whereas a specialist herbivore enabled coexistence of consumer and invader. We found a weak effect of diversity on invasion success only under highly competitive conditions. When invasions were successful, the magnitude of this success was strain-specific and consistent among invasions performed with single-strain or multi-strain populations. A strain-specific effect was also observed on the resident phytoplankton community composition, highlighting the strong role of invader genetic identity. Our results point to a strong effect of the genetic identity on the invasion success under low predation pressure. The genetic diversity of the invader population, however, had little effect on invasion success in our study, in contrast to most previous findings. Instead, it is the interaction between the consumer abundance and type together with the strain identity of the invader that defined invasion success. This study underlines the importance of strain choice in invasion research and in ecological studies in general.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, 971
Simultaneous State and Parameter Estimation of Distributed-Parameter Physical Systems based on Sliced Gaussian Mixture Filter
Creators: name: Sawo, Felix
name: Klumpp, Vesa
name: Hanebeck, Uwe D.
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2008

description: This paper presents a method for the simultaneous state and parameter estimation of finite-dimensional models of distributed systems monitored by a sensor network. In the first step, the distributed system is spatially and temporally decomposed leading to a linear finite-dimensional model in state space form. The main challenge is that the simultaneous state and parameter estimation of such systems leads to a high-dimensional nonlinear problem. Thanks to the linear substructure contained in the resulting finite-dimensional model, the development of an overall more efficient estimation process is possible. Therefore, in the second step, we propose the application of a novel density representation - sliced Gaussian mixture density - in order to decompose the estimation problem into a (conditionally) linear and a nonlinear problem. The systematic approximation procedure minimizing a certain distance measure allows the derivation of (close to) optimal and deterministic results. The proposed estimation process provides novel prospects in sensor network applications. The performance is demonstrated by means of simulation results.
The targum (1940:Mar. 6 - 1940:Mar. 20)
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Targum Association
Year: 1940

description: Some University historians indicate that the Targum was first published as an annual in 1867, but of this we have no extant evidence. In January 1869, the Targum as we now know it, made its appearance as a monthly paper that concerned itself with student “literary contributions” and college news as well as serving as a vehicle for bringing news to alumni and the general public. The newspaper, which originally was for sale, varied in frequency over the years as did its title (The Targum, Rutgers Targum, Rutgers Daily Targum, and Daily Targum). The newspaper has continuously been published since 1869 with the exception of 19 months during the second world war, between February 1944 and October 1945. The Targum was published by the students of Rutgers College, and later Rutgers University—New Brunswick represented through the years as the Targum Association, Rutgers Targum Association, and Rutgers College Targum. As a student organization, the Targum operated under the oversight of the dean of students and student government but in October 1980, the Targum became an independent college paper.
Photometric Variability in Kepler Target Stars: The Sun Among Stars -- A First Look
Creators: name: Basri, Gibor
name: Walkowicz, Lucianne M.
name: Batalha, Natalie
name: Gilliland, Ronald L.
name: Jenkins, Jon
name: Borucki, William J.
name: Koch, David
name: Caldwell, Doug
name: Dupree, Andrea K.
name: Latham, David W.
name: Meibom, Soeren
name: Howell, Steve
name: Brown, Tim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Kepler mission provides an exciting opportunity to study the lightcurves of stars with unprecedented precision and continuity of coverage. This is the first look at a large sample of stars with photometric data of a quality that has heretofore been only available for our Sun. It provides the first opportunity to compare the irradiance variations of our Sun to a large cohort of stars ranging from vary similar to rather different stellar properties, at a wide variety of ages. Although Kepler data is in an early phase of maturity, and we only analyze the first month of coverage, it is sufficient to garner the first meaningful measurements of our Sun's variability in the context of a large cohort of main sequence stars in the solar neighborhood. We find that nearly half of the full sample is more active than the active Sun, although most of them are not more than twice as active. The active fraction is closer to a third for the stars most similar to the Sun, and rises to well more than half for stars cooler than mid K spectral types.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures, accepted to ApJ Letters
Homogenization of discrete diffusion models by asymptotic expansion
Creators: name: Eliáš, Jan
name: Yin, Hao
name: Cusatis, Gianluca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: J.6

description: Diffusion behaviors of heterogeneous materials are of paramount importance in many engineering problems. Numerical models that take into account the internal structure of such materials are robust but computationally very expensive. This burden can be partially decreased by using discrete models, however even then the practical application is limited to relatively small material volumes.
 This paper formulates a homogenization scheme for discrete diffusion models. Asymptotic expansion homogenization is applied to distinguish between (i) the continuous macroscale description approximated by the standard finite element method and (ii) the fully resolved discrete mesoscale description in a local representative volume element (RVE) of material. Both transient and steady-state variants with nonlinear constitutive relations are discussed. In all the cases, the resulting discrete RVE problem becomes a simple linear steady-state problem that can be easily pre-computed. The scale separation provides a significant reduction of computational time allowing the solution of practical problems with a negligible error introduced mainly by the finite element discretization at the macroscale.
description: 33 pages, 12 figures
The role of radical species in peroxide bleaching processes
Creators: name: Hobbs, Graham Charles
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: Analysis of expressions describing peroxide bleaching show that there are two distinct mechanisms involved in peroxide bleaching. These routes can be associated firstly with traditional bleaching by the perhydroxyl anion and the second mechanism appears to involve the action of radical species. This analysis has been used as the basis for experimental work to determine the existence and relative contribution of each of these mechanisms. Two-stage bleaching processes under acidic followed by alkaline conditions, without an intermediate washingstage, have been investigated in order to separate the contributions of anion and radical bleaching. The addition of chromium nitrate, which is known to catalyse peroxide decomposition under acidic conditions, to such a process enhances the brightness of the pulp compared with a single stage alkaline peroxide bleaching process. The addition of small quantities of aluminium nitrate to a two-stage bleaching process also enhances the brightness of the pulp, this process depending on the presence of both aluminium and manganese. The results are explained in terms of radical concentrations in the acidic stage and the proposed mechanisms and active bleaching species in peroxide bleaching. Many transition metal ions decompose peroxide, with some producing significant quantities of hydroxyl radicals. The effects, of addition and removal of these metals on peroxide bleaching have been investigated. Unusual negative effects are observed upon chelation and the addition of manganese, copper and iron does not appear to promote darkening reactions caused by the decomposition products of hydrogen peroxide. The effect of pulp consistency on brightness response has also been investigated. Work at constant conditions of peroxide and alkali, while varying either the total consistency or the ratio of bleachable to inert fibre shows that consistency is not a major factor in determining final brightness under alkaline conditions and indicates that the effect of radical species is small at low consistencies. A method of determining relative hydroxyl radical concentrations in solutions of hydrogen peroxide has been developed, using N,N-dimethy1-4-nitrosoaniline. Under alkaline conditions the effect of the hydroxyl radical appears to be negligible, whilst under acidic conditions the concentration of radicals can be corelated to the observed final brightness.
title: Einblicke in die österreichweite Jugendstudie, mit Vertiefungen zu religiösen Fragestellungen
title: Lebenswelten 2020 – Werthaltungen junger Menschen in Österreich
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Kohler-Spiegel, Helga
name: Straßegger-Einfalt, Renate
Publisher: name: Universität Graz
Year: 2021

description: Die gemeinsame Studie der Pädagogischen Hochschulen Österreichs informiert
über Lebensziele, Einstellungen und Lebensbedingungen junger Menschen im
Alter von 14 bis 16 Jahren. In einer repräsentativen Erhebung haben 14.432
Jugendliche aller Schultypen aus ganz Österreich im Zeitraum von März bis Juni
2020 Auskunft über sich und ihre Meinungen zu zentralen gesellschaftsrelevanten
Themen gegeben. Aufgrund der großen Stichprobe und der hohen Erhebungsstandards
liefern die Daten ein profundes Bild der 14- bis 16-jährigen
Jugendlichen in Österreich. Die vorliegenden Daten sind darüber hinaus für jedes
einzelne Bundesland repräsentativ und werden für weiterführende Analysen herangezogen.
Die Studie fußt auf den beiden Jugendstudien Lebenswelten 2011
und Lebenswelten 2017.
description: The joint study of the educational universities of Austria provides information
about life goals, attitudes, and living conditions of young people between the
ages of 14 and 16 years. In a representative survey, 14,432 young people from
all school types throughout Austria provided information about themselves and
their opinions on key socially relevant issues between March and June 2020.
Due to the large sample size and the high survey standards, the data provide a
profound picture of 14- and 16-year-old youth in Austria. The available data are
also representative for each individual federal state, and they will be used for
further analysis. The study is based on the two youth studies Lebenswelten
2011 and Lebenswelten 2017.
description: Schlagworte:
empirische Studie – Jugendliche – Österreich – Lebenswelten – Werthaltungen
– Religion
description: Keywords:
empirical study – youth – Austria – Lebenswelten – values – religion
description: ÖRF 29 (2021) 2, 17–48 • DOI: 10.25364/10.29:2021.2.2
General relativity and background Lorentz transformations solve Supplee's submarine paradox
Creators: name: Karkout, Osama
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A submarine moving at relativistic horizontal velocity sinks in Earth's rest frame due to length contraction while appearing to float in its own frame. Using spacetime geometry and the Lorentz transformations, we show that the resolution lies in how metric components transform between reference frames in relative motion. This solution frees us from assumptions made in previous studies on how a Newtonian gravitational force should transform. The method of background Lorentz transformations is technically simpler than previous treatments in the framework of general relativity. Moreover, we find a novel and intuitive understanding of the paradox, and correct an erroneous expression for the gravitational force obtained by Supplee and used again in the literature.
Hawking radiation from AdS black holes
Creators: name: Hubeny, Veronika E
name: Marolf, Donald
name: Rangamani, Mukund
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study Hartle-Hawking-like states of quantum field theories on asymptotically AdS black hole backgrounds, with particular regard to the phase structure of interacting theories. By a suitable analytic continuation we show that the equilibrium dynamics of field theories on large asymptotically AdS black holes can be related to the low temperature states of the same field theory on the AdS soliton (or pure AdS) background. This allows us to gain insight into Hartle-Hawking-like states on large-radius Schwarzschild- or rotating-AdS black holes. Furthermore, we exploit the AdS/CFT correspondence to explore the physics of strongly coupled large N theories on asymptotically AdS black holes. In particular, we exhibit a plausibly complete set of phases for the M2-brane world-volume superconformal field theory on a BTZ black hole background. Our analysis partially resolves puzzles previously raised in connection with Hawking radiation on large AdS black holes.
description: 36 pages, 2 pdf figures. v2: added comments on confinement in AdS and references. v3: minor clarifications. v4: fixed error in rotating BTZ stress tensor computation and added clarification