cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
PyPlutchik: visualising and comparing emotion-annotated corpora
Creators: name: Semeraro, Alfonso
name: Vilella, Salvatore
name: Ruffo, Giancarlo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The increasing availability of textual corpora and data fetched from social networks is fuelling a huge production of works based on the model proposed by psychologist Robert Plutchik, often referred simply as the ``Plutchik Wheel''. Related researches range from annotation tasks description to emotions detection tools. Visualisation of such emotions is traditionally carried out using the most popular layouts, as bar plots or tables, which are however sub-optimal. The classic representation of the Plutchik's wheel follows the principles of proximity and opposition between pairs of emotions: spatial proximity in this model is also a semantic proximity, as adjacent emotions elicit a complex emotion (a primary dyad) when triggered together; spatial opposition is a semantic opposition as well, as positive emotions are opposite to negative emotions. The most common layouts fail to preserve both features, not to mention the need of visually allowing comparisons between different corpora in a blink of an eye, that is hard with basic design solutions. We introduce PyPlutchik, a Python library specifically designed for the visualisation of Plutchik's emotions in texts or in corpora. PyPlutchik draws the Plutchik's flower with each emotion petal sized after how much that emotion is detected or annotated in the corpus, also representing three degrees of intensity for each of them. Notably, PyPlutchik allows users to display also primary, secondary, tertiary and opposite dyads in a compact, intuitive way. We substantiate our claim that PyPlutchik outperforms other classic visualisations when displaying Plutchik emotions and we showcase a few examples that display our library's most compelling features.
description: 18 pages, 13 figures. Submitted to IEEE for possible publication; copyright may change
Obesity Heterogeneity and Dyslipidemia in Urbanizing China
Creators: name: Jane Williford
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: Background: Although obesity is a major risk factor for dyslipidemia, little is known about the heterogeneity of obesity, including differences in body fat distribution, the duration and timing of weight change, and whether they are associated with differential risk of dyslipidemia, especially in Asian populations. 

Methods: Using mixture models, latent classes were derived based on cross-sectional measures of waist circumference, % body fat in 2015 and longitudinal BMI data (from 1991 to 2015), for 6,258 adults (aged 18–66 years in 2015) from the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Descriptive statistics, as well as ANOVA and Chi-squared tests, were used to test for unadjusted differences by classes. We then used multivariable general linear mixed effects models to test for associations between these latent classes and both obesity measures and metabolic markers of dyslipidemia (LDL, HDL, total cholesterol, triglycerides, apo A, apo B, Lp a, and alanine aminotransferase). We controlled for age and sex in all models with random intercepts to control for community-level and household-level correlations. In the dyslipidemia-specific models we additionally controlled for BMI in 2015, alcohol use and smoking status.  

Results: Four of the five classes had comparable average BMI values in 2015 (from 23.17 kg/m2
 (0.26 standard error (s.e.)) to 23.94 kg/m2 (0.94 s.e.)) after adjustment for age and sex but noticeable differences in change in BMI prior to 2015, waist circumference, and % body fat in 2015. Classes differed by sex, age, wave of entry, and number of survey waves. An association between latent class membership and HDL was identified, with the high overall obesity over time class having 3.22 mg higher average HDL values than the class with Lower BMI, High % Body Fat in 2015 class.

Conclusion: Evidence of different patterns of obesity was found, with results indicating these patterns may be associated with differences in HDL values.
Cross sections for the exclusive photon electroproduction on the proton and Generalized Parton Distributions
Creators: name: Jo, H. S.
name: Girod, F. X.
name: Avakian, H.
name: Burkert, V. D.
name: Garçon, M.
name: Guidal, M.
name: Kubarovsky, V.
name: Niccolai, S.
name: Stoler, P.
name: Collaboration, the CLAS
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Unpolarized and beam-polarized four-fold cross sections $\frac{d^4 σ}{dQ^2 dx_B dt dϕ}$ for the $ep\to e^\prime p^\prime γ$ reaction were measured using the CLAS detector and the 5.75-GeV polarized electron beam of the Jefferson Lab accelerator, for 110 ($Q^2,x_B,t$) bins over the widest phase space ever explored in the valence-quark region. Several models of Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs) describe the data well at most of our kinematics. This increases our confidence that we understand the GPD $H$, expected to be the dominant contributor to these observables. Through a leading-twist extraction of Compton Form Factors, these results reveal a tomographic image of the nucleon.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Effect of weaning system on lamb growth, mammary gland development and ewe milk production in dairy sheep managed in an outdoor pasture-based commercial farming system
Creators: name: McCoard, Sue
name: Hea, Shen-Yan
name: Molenaar, Adrian
name: Lowe, Katherine
name: Broadhurst, Marita
name: King, Miles
name: Stevens, David
Publisher: name: AgResearch
Year: 2023
Subjects: Agricultural, veterinary and food sciences
Animal nutrition

description: The objective was to merge science and practice to determine the feasibility of a mixed suckling and milking system compared with a traditional exclusive suckling management system on the production performance of dairy sheep and their progeny in an outdoor pasture-based farming system at commercial scale. At 14 d postpartum, twin- and triplet-bearing mixed-age East Friesian ewes were randomly allocated to either a mixed system of once-a-day milking,suckling and early weaning (MS, n=61) or control with exclusive suckling and later weaning (Ctrl, n=57) using a randomised block design. MS lambs had lower live weight at weaning (14.6 vs. 16.7 kg; P<0.001) but 3-5 weeks post-weaning average daily gain and mammary gland mass was similar between groups. Ewe lamb mammary mass was positively associated with post-weaning but not pre-weaning live weight gain (P<0.01). Weaning system influenced the percentage of protein, total solids and fat (MS > Ctrl) while milk yield, somatic cell count and lactose levels were not different. This study highlighted that the MS compared with Ctrl system had no negative effects on dam or progeny performance.
title: SHINing Light on Interfacial Electrochemical Reactions
Creators: name: Fernandez Vidal, Julia
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2025

description: The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is one of the most important electrochemical processes in energy conversion and storage. The slow reaction kinetics has become a long recognised challenge, thereby requiring a catalyst to promote the rate of reaction. To date, Pt is the most active and stable single compound that can catalyse the ORR. However, after many years of study, the detailed surface mechanism of the ORR is still not fully understood, due the inability of the commonly used experimental techniques to detect reaction intermediates. Understanding the basis and fundaments of the ORR on Pt surfaces is a necessary step for the design and development of practical and efficient catalysts. The use of Pt single crystals simplifies the study and opens the possibility of correlating specific interfacial properties with the electrochemical processes occurring at the interface. Traditionally, electrochemistry has been involved in the elucidation of the ORR mechanisms on Pt single crystal surfaces. Despite being a useful method to obtain kinetic information, this technique by itself is not suitable for chemical identification and detection of intermediates and products of redox and side reactions taking place in the electrode|electrolyte interface. The combination of electrochemical experiments with in situ spectroscopy, in what is known as spectro-electrochemistry, can provide information on the chemical nature of electrochemical interfaces, electron-transfer processes and redox reaction intermediates and kinetics. While spectro-electrochemistry has been a major activity over the past few decades, its application in certain fields has only recently become more extensive since specialised equipment has been necessary to carry out these studies. In this sense, the importance of the central role that Raman spectroscopy and, specifically, the shell-isolated nanoparticles for enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS) method have played in recent years is noteworthy. Synthesis and characterisation of SHINERS is carried out in this thesis and the use of differential centrifugal sedimentation (DCS) is suggested to measure the shell thickness. The relevance of the shell material choice is considered in this work and emphasis has been attracted on tin (IV) dioxide-coated SHINERS. Likewise, in situ Raman spectroscopy (in situ EC-SHINERS) results on electrified Pt (hkl) interfaces are discussed in both aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes.
UncertaintyFuseNet: Robust Uncertainty-aware Hierarchical Feature Fusion Model with Ensemble Monte Carlo Dropout for COVID-19 Detection
Creators: name: Abdar, Moloud
name: Salari, Soorena
name: Qahremani, Sina
name: Lam, Hak-Keung
name: Karray, Fakhri
name: Hussain, Sadiq
name: Khosravi, Abbas
name: Acharya, U. Rajendra
name: Makarenkov, Vladimir
name: Nahavandi, Saeid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic has become a major global threat to human health and well-being. Thus, the development of computer-aided detection (CAD) systems that are capable to accurately distinguish COVID-19 from other diseases using chest computed tomography (CT) and X-ray data is of immediate priority. Such automatic systems are usually based on traditional machine learning or deep learning methods. Differently from most of existing studies, which used either CT scan or X-ray images in COVID-19-case classification, we present a simple but efficient deep learning feature fusion model, called UncertaintyFuseNet, which is able to classify accurately large datasets of both of these types of images. We argue that the uncertainty of the model's predictions should be taken into account in the learning process, even though most of existing studies have overlooked it. We quantify the prediction uncertainty in our feature fusion model using effective Ensemble MC Dropout (EMCD) technique. A comprehensive simulation study has been conducted to compare the results of our new model to the existing approaches, evaluating the performance of competing models in terms of Precision, Recall, F-Measure, Accuracy and ROC curves. The obtained results prove the efficiency of our model which provided the prediction accuracy of 99.08\% and 96.35\% for the considered CT scan and X-ray datasets, respectively. Moreover, our UncertaintyFuseNet model was generally robust to noise and performed well with previously unseen data. The source code of our implementation is freely available at: https://github.com/moloud1987/UncertaintyFuseNet-for-COVID-19-Classification.
description: 16 pages, 18 figures
Reigniting the Flame: Nation-Building Through Medal Winning at the 1964 Tokyo Olympics
Creators: name: Sherman, Jake
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020
Subjects: Japanese History

description: Modern scholars agree that the 1964 Tokyo Olympic Games marked a dramatic turning point for the Japanese nation after the Second World War. In Japan, the 18th Olympiad remains so much more than an international sporting event – it represents the nation’s transition away from the pain of postwar destruction towards the economic prosperity of the later Shōwa Era years (1960-1989). Scholars have discussed the Olympic spectacle and its symbolic significance at length, but the scholarship presently lacks in a discussion of the role of athletes in helping to resolve the uncertainty of the immediate postwar years. Athletes maintained a vital political role of confirming the nation’s progress after World War II to the Japanese people through their Olympic medals. They became beacons for nationalism, restoring confidence to a fragmented and insecure nation, but also, importantly, transformed themselves into valuable political tools. This thesis follows three separate case studies of Japanese athletes across three separate sporting events in hopes of conveying that the 1964 Tokyo Olympics held value to various institutions as a means of reigniting national confidence in the country. Each case tackles nationalism, gold medal desires, and the developing postwar Japanese cultural identity from a unique angle, highlighting the importance of the Tokyo Olympiad as a nation-building event in postwar Japanese history.
Test Code Flakiness in Mobile Apps: The Developer's Perspective
Creators: name: Pontillo, Valeria
name: Palomba, Fabio
name: Ferrucci, Filomena
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 460608
subject: Mobile computing
classificationCode: 461202
subject: Empirical software engineering

description: This item contains the replication package related to the paper "Test Code Flakiness in Mobile Apps: The Developer's Perspective". In particular, the folder "Grey Literature Review" includes the link to the results of our study, while the folder "Survey" includes the responses obtained from our online survey and some figures that summarize the answers.
A singular Demailly-Paun theorem
Creators: name: Collins, Tristan C.
name: Tosatti, Valentino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 32Q15, 53C55, 32U05, 32J27

description: We give a numerical characterization of the Kahler cone of a possibly singular compact analytic variety which is embedded in a smooth ambient space.
description: 7 pages
A Historical Case Study of the Pullman Palace Car Company Library
Creators: name: McCarver, Brittany
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: In the nineteenth century, company libraries played an important role in the practice of welfare capitalism. The Pullman Palace Car Company was a model of welfare work, and its library was no exception. Using a historical case study, this paper explores the Pullman Library, how it was used by employees, and the motivations of the company. Like many other aspects of the Pullman Company’s welfare work, the Pullman Library was furnished opulently. Its collection featured many volumes from the Tauchnitz collection and, although it housed less than 10,000 books, covered a variety of topics. The membership fee was prohibitively high, and membership never reached more than 250. The library continues to operate as a branch of the Chicago Public Library, a fate shared with many company libraries from the nineteenth century.
Truthful Self-Play
Creators: name: Ohsawa, Shohei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Econometrics (econ.EM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We present a general framework for evolutionary learning to emergent unbiased state representation without any supervision. Evolutionary frameworks such as self-play converge to bad local optima in case of multi-agent reinforcement learning in non-cooperative partially observable environments with communication due to information asymmetry. Our proposed framework is a simple modification of self-play inspired by mechanism design, also known as {\em reverse game theory}, to elicit truthful signals and make the agents cooperative. The key idea is to add imaginary rewards using the peer prediction method, i.e., a mechanism for evaluating the validity of information exchanged between agents in a decentralized environment. Numerical experiments with predator prey, traffic junction and StarCraft tasks demonstrate that the state-of-the-art performance of our framework.
description: Accepted for publication at ICLR 2023
Magnetar Driven Shock Breakout and Double Peaked Supernova Light Curves
Creators: name: Kasen, Daniel
name: Metzger, Brian D.
name: Bildsten, Lars
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The light curves of some luminous supernovae are suspected to be powered by the spindown energy of a rapidly rotating magnetar. Here we describe a possible signature of the central engine: a burst of shock breakout emission occurring several days after the supernova explosion. The energy input from the magnetar inflates a high-pressure bubble that drives a shock through the pre-exploded supernova ejecta. If the magnetar is powerful enough, that shock will near the ejecta surface and become radiative. At the time of shock breakout, the ejecta will have expanded to a large radius (~10^{14} cm) so that the radiation released is at optical/ultraviolet wavelengths (T ~ 20,000 K) and lasts for several days. The luminosity and timescale of this magnetar driven shock breakout are similar to the first peak observed recently in the double-peaked light curve of SNLSQ14BDQ. However, for a large region of model parameter space, the breakout emission is predicted to be dimmer than the diffusive luminosity from direct magnetar heating. A distinct double peaked light curve may therefore only be conspicuous if thermal heating from the magnetar is suppressed at early times. We describe how such a delay in heating may naturally result from inefficient dissipation and thermalization of the pulsar wind magnetic energy. Without such suppression, the breakout may only be noticeable as a small bump or kink in the early luminosity or color evolution, or as a small but abrupt rise in the photospheric velocity. A similar breakout signature may accompany other central engines in supernovae, such as a black hole accreting fallback material.
description: Accepted to ApJ; revised to match accepted version and fix typos
Sofic Mean Length
Creators: name: Li, Hanfeng
name: Liang, Bingbing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Given a length function L on the R-modules of a unital ring R, for each sofic group $Γ$ we define a mean length for every locally L-finite $RΓ$-module relative to a bigger $RΓ$-module. We establish an addition formula for the mean length. We give two applications. The first one shows that for any unital left Noetherian ring R, $RΓ$ is stably direct finite. The second one shows that for any $ZΓ$-module M, the mean topological dimension of the induced $Γ$-action on the Pontryagin dual of M coincides with the von Neumann-Lück rank of M.
description: 54 pages. Minor changes. To appear in Adv. Math
Encouraging Intra-Class Diversity Through a Reverse Contrastive Loss for Better Single-Source Domain Generalization
Creators: name: Duboudin, Thomas
name: Dellandréa, Emmanuel
name: Abgrall, Corentin
name: Hénaff, Gilles
name: Chen, Liming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Traditional deep learning algorithms often fail to generalize when they are tested outside of the domain of the training data. The issue can be mitigated by using unlabeled data from the target domain at training time, but because data distributions can change dynamically in real-life applications once a learned model is deployed, it is critical to create networks robust to unknown and unforeseen domain shifts. In this paper we focus on one of the reasons behind the inability of neural networks to be so: deep networks focus only on the most obvious, potentially spurious, clues to make their predictions and are blind to useful but slightly less efficient or more complex patterns. This behaviour has been identified and several methods partially addressed the issue. To investigate their effectiveness and limits, we first design a publicly available MNIST-based benchmark to precisely measure the ability of an algorithm to find the ''hidden'' patterns. Then, we evaluate state-of-the-art algorithms through our benchmark and show that the issue is largely unsolved. Finally, we propose a partially reversed contrastive loss to encourage intra-class diversity and find less strongly correlated patterns, whose efficiency is demonstrated by our experiments.
الموقع الجغرافي لمنطقة مسلاته كعامل مؤثر في التاريخ
Creators: name: Masoud, Abdulfatah
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Uncategorized
subject: 160499 Human Geography not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Social and economic geography
subject: 160402 Recreation, Leisure and Tourism Geography
subject: Geography
subject: 160403 Social and Cultural Geography
subject: 160401 Economic Geography

description: الموقع الجغرافي لمنطقة مسلاته كعامل مؤثر في التاريخ تختلف المناطق في مواقعها الجغرافية من مكان إلى مكان آخر ، وتبعاً لهذا الموقع أو ذاك تزداد أهمية المنطقة أو تقل ، فقد يكون الموقع على مفترق طرق تجارية أو في منطقة ذات ثروات معدنية أو نفطية ، وقد يكون منطقة زراعية أو خلاف ذلك ، وتبعاً لذلك تبرز أهمية التعامل مع الآخرين من غير سكان المنطقة ينعكس بالخير وتبادل المنفعة مع الجميع . وقد هدفت هذه الدراسة بدورها إلى التعرف على أثر الموقع الجغرافي على شخصية المنطقة والذاكرة التاريخية لها ، والتعرف إلى ملامح الطبيعة الجغرافية والتاريخية لمنطقة مسلاته ، وإبراز أهم التحديات والعقبات التي تواجهها نتيجة هذا الموقع الجغرافي ، وتحديد التوجهات المستقبلية لصناع القرار ضمن سياقها الجغرافي. وتتناول هذه الدراسة ثلاث جوانب رئيسية وهي، الدراسات الجغرافية التي تتناول الموقع الجغرافي والتضاريس والتي تعد أحد أهم أركان علم الجغرافيا ، كما تشتمل الورقة البحثية الدراسات التاريخية التي تحتفظ بها الذاكرة التاريخية والتي تهتم بموقعها الجغرافي ، وتضم الدراسة أيضاً على أهم النظريات المفسرة للموقع الجغرافي وانعكاسات هذا الموقع على النشاط البشري.
An Analysis of the Allergy Comments on Twitter Using Data Mining Approach
Creators: name: Zhou, Jingyi
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020
Subjects: Social media
Public health
Data mining

description: Allergies are one of the most common chronic illnesses in the world. The prevalence of social media allows people to express their opinions and exchange information including symptoms of personal health. Mining those publicly accessible health-related data on social media, such as Twitter, offers a unique approach to get valuable healthcare insights.
In this paper, a multi-component data mining framework was developed to collect Twitter data, detect time series patterns, discover topics of interest about allergies, and analyze the contents of tweets. From the extracted 2.2 million tweets in 2019, my experimental results show that allergy-related tweet volume is strongly correlated to the pollen data (r = .699, p < .01). Also, 152 unique topics are identified with a -28.36 perplexity score and a .67 coherence score. Furthermore, many linguistic dimensions such as the sentiment are analyzed to learn about the tweet contents. I consider this to be one of the many studies examining a large-scale social media stream to deeply analyze allergy activities. And with the growing social media, publicly available data such as Twitter posts can be used to support healthcare practitioners and social scientists in better understanding common public opinions, not just allergies.
Assessment of knowledge, perception and risk determinants of the HIV/AIDS among a pastoralist Community in Borena Zone
Creators: name: Godanna Arero
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011

description: Background: Knowledge factors and the practice of safe sex behaviors are important to contribute to perceptions of lower risk of being infected with HIV. However, currently knowledge and practice of pastoral community about HIV prevention is quite low. Identify factors influencing the perceptions of Gada leaders and community about HIV/AIDS prevention is crucial to alleviate HIV/AIDS pandemic. Objectives: To assess knowledge, practice and perception of the pastoral community about HIV/AIDS prevention and Cultural Risk behaviors among voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) clients in Borena Zone of Oromia Regional State. Methods: A cross-sectional community-based study design was conducted among 423 randomly selected pastoral communities from four kebeles of the four Woredas in Borena Zone. The quantitative data were collected using a pre- tested structured and anonymous questionnaire, which were entered, cleaned and analyzed using Epi-Info 3.1.1 and SPSS 17 statistical software programs. To complement the quantitative data, qualitative data were obtained from the focus group discussion
Distribution and Prevalence of Bioerosion Within Two Coral Species on Inshore and Offshore Reefs Across the Western Caribbean Sea
Creators: name: Richards, Jared
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: Bioerosion, the process by which organisms bore into hard substrate, weakens coral skeletons and degrades the quality of coral reef habitats. Prior studies reveal that bioerosion is enhanced by ocean acidification, eutrophication resulting from the addition of nitrogen into the environment, and other anthropogenic factors. However, these studies were primarily conducted in the Indo-Pacific region, while little is known about the distribution and prevalence of bioerosion across the wider Caribbean Sea. To address this shortcoming, we extracted 191 skeletal cores from two abundant and ubiquitous Caribbean corals (Siderastrea siderea and Pseudodiploria strigosa) in a hierarchical sampling design spanning inshore and offshore reef zones across three major reef systems that include the Florida Keys Reef Tract (FKRT), the Belize Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System (MBRS), and the Panama Bocas del Toro Reef Complex (BTRC). It was hypothesized that inshore corals are more severely impacted by bioerosion due to their closer proximity to local anthropogenic sources of stress and that species would differ in their susceptibility due to differences in skeletal architecture. The number of bivalve boring holes within cores of both species and the percent volume of S. siderea cores bioeroded was quantified. The percent volume of P. strigosa cores bioeroded was not quantified due to its very complex skeletal growth structure. Linear modeling and variance partitioning were employed to relate quantities of bioerosion to ambient environmental conditions on reef collection sites. The number of bivalve borings was higher in cores collected from inshore corals when compared to offshore corals. Siderastrea siderea cores were plagued by greater numbers of bivalve borings than P. strigosa, providing evidence for a host preference amongst bivalve bioeroders. The differences between reef zones and species are less pronounced in the Florida Keys Reef Tract; suggesting that Florida is distinct from the other two reef systems in the western Caribbean Sea. Modeling reveals a positive correlation between bivalve borings and the concentration of chlorophyll A in the ambient environment, supporting established links between eutrophication and bioerosion prevalence. Understanding the patterns of bioerosion across spatiotemporal scales highlights the impact of eutrophication on oceanic bioerosion and provides a foundation for further investigations into the impact of bioerosion on contemporary coral reefs under climate change.
Gravitational form factors and transverse spin sum rule in a light front quark-diquark model in AdS/QCD
Creators: name: Chakrabarti, Dipankar
name: Mondal, Chandan
name: Mukherjee, Asmita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The gravitational form factors are related to the matrix elements of the energy-momentum tensor $T^{μν}$. Using the light front wave functions of the scalar quark-diquark model for nucleon predicted by the soft-wall AdS/QCD, we calculate the flavor dependent $A(Q^2)$, $B(Q^2)$ and $\bar{C}(Q^2)$ form factors. We also present all the matrix element of the energy-momentum tensor in a transversely polarized state. Further, we evaluate the matrix element of Pauli-Lubanski operator in this model and show that the intrinsic spin sum rule involves the form factor $\bar{C}$. The longitudinal momentum densities in the transverse impact parameter space are also discussed for both unpolarized and transversely polarized nucleons.
description: 28 pages, 7 figures
Statistical Multifragmentation Model Within the Extended Morphological Thermodynamics Approach
Creators: name: Kucherenko, V. S.
name: Bugaev, K. A.
name: Sagun, V.
name: Ivanytskyi, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On the basis of morphological thermodynamics we develop an exactly solvable version of statistical mutifragmentation model for the nuclear liquid-gas phase transition. It is shown that the hard-core repulsion between spherical nuclei generates only the bulk (volume), surface and curvature parts of the free energy of the nucleus, while the Gaussian curvature one does not appear in the derivation. The phase diagram of nuclear liquid-gas phase transition is studied for a truncated version of the developed model.
description: Talk was given at XIX Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute Conference "Theoretical and Practical Problems of Physics, Mathematics and Informatics", May 13-14, 2021, Kyiv, Ukraine (6 pages, 2 figures)
Effects of the Dynorphin/Kappa Opioid Receptor System on Stress Reactions After Intermittent Alcohol Drinking and Withdrawal in Female C57BL/6J Mice
Creators: name: Kokush, Emily
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: Alcohol use and abuse disorders are closely tied with stress, depression, and anxiety by disrupting the body’s normal hormonal stress responses. Specifically, the kappa opioid receptor (KOR)/dynorphin (DYN) system in the central nervous system is an important regulator of anxiety, depression, and addiction, and has been shown to contribute to the negative reinforcing and pro-depressive effects of alcohol. Previous studies have shown that norbinaltophimine (norBNI), a long-acting KOR antagonist, reduces depressive phenotypes and maladaptive stress reactions in alcohol-dependent male C57BL/6J mice experiencing protracted withdrawal. This relationship has not been studied in female mice. We investigated the role of the DYN/KOR system in alcohol-dependent female C57BL/6J mice experiencing protracted alcohol withdrawal. To facilitate voluntary drinking and alcohol dependence, we exposed female C57BL/6J mice to intermittent access to alcohol (IA). Intermittent access was accomplished with a two-bottle paradigm, which was rotated every 24 hours between only water, and simultaneous access to an ethanol solution (20% w/v) and water. Over a six-week drinking period, ethanol preference increased and the female mice developed a preference for ethanol over water. Stress responses were tested after a period of protracted alcohol withdrawal using the repeated forced swim test (FST) and the exposure to predator odor test. In FST, we discovered that treatment with norBNI in both alcohol and water drinkers increased immobility duration, an adaptive response to conserve energy. However, there were no significant differences in any behaviors between alcohol and water drinkers in the FST, implying that alcohol drinking followed by acute protracted withdrawal may not impact forced swim stress reactions in female mice. In the predator odor test, alcohol-drinking females showed more anxious anxiety-like baseline behavior than water-drinking females. Additionally, norBNI increased defensive burying regardless of alcohol history. Consequently, these findings suggest norBNI could play a role in learned adaptations by preventing the depressive effects of the DYN/KOR system. Taken together with previous data from male mice, the implications of these results could ultimately help develop effective behavioral or pharmacological treatments for alcohol addiction and stress.
The Impact of Disinformation on a Controversial Debate on Social Media
Creators: name: Vilella, Salvatore
name: Semeraro, Alfonso
name: Paolotti, Daniela
name: Ruffo, Giancarlo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: K.4; J.4

description: In this work we study how pervasive is the presence of disinformation in the Italian debate around immigration on Twitter and the role of automated accounts in the diffusion of such content. By characterising the Twitter users with an \textit{Untrustworthiness} score, that tells us how frequently they engage with disinformation content, we are able to see that such bad information consumption habits are not equally distributed across the users; adopting a network analysis approach, we can identify communities characterised by a very high presence of users that frequently share content from unreliable news sources. Within this context, social bots tend to inject in the network more malicious content, that often remains confined in a limited number of clusters; instead, they target reliable content in order to diversify their reach. The evidence we gather suggests that, at least in this particular case study, there is a strong interplay between social bots and users engaging with unreliable content, influencing the diffusion of the latter across the network.
Thermal instability of the buoyant flow in a vertical cylindrical porous layer with a uniform internal heat source
Creators: name: Barletta, A.
name: Rees, D. A. S.
name: Pulvirenti, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The buoyancy-induced parallel flow in a vertical cylindrical porous layer is analysed. A radial thermal gradient caused by a uniformly distributed heat source is assumed to induce the buoyant flow. The layer boundaries are modelled as isothermal and permeable to an external fluid reservoir. The onset of the convective instability is analysed by linearising the governing equations for the perturbations. The governing parameters driving the instability are the heat-source Rayleigh number and the ratio between the internal radius and the external radius. Neutral stability curves and the critical values of the Rayleigh number, the perturbation wave number and the angular frequency are computed numerically. It is shown that axisymmetric modes form the most dangerous mode of instability.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
Nice pseudo-Riemannian nilsolitons
Creators: name: Conti, Diego
name: Rossi, Federico A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C25 (Primary) 53C50, 53C30, 22E25 (Secondary)

description: We study nice nilpotent Lie algebras admitting a diagonal nilsoliton metric. We classify nice Riemannian nilsolitons up to dimension $9$. For general signature, we show that determining whether a nilpotent nice Lie algebra admits a nilsoliton metric reduces to a linear problem together with a system of as many polynomial equations as the corank of the root matrix. We classify nice nilsolitons of any signature: in dimension $\leq 7$; in dimension $8$ for corank $\leq 1$; in dimension $9$ for corank zero.
description: Article: 28 pages, 8 tables. Ancillary file: 98 pages, 4 tables
In Vitro Mucin-Producing Models to Study Cystic Fibrosis
Creators: name: Washko, Matt
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease featuring a mutation in the CFTR gene that leads to a buildup of thick clumps of high-molecular-weight glycoproteins (mucins/MUCs) in the lungs and the intestines. This causes difficulty breathing, frequent infections, poor growth, nutrient malabsorption, and ultimately death. Although pulmonary complications are the most life threatening and the most studied, investigating intestinal physiology may provide better insight into the altered mucus properties and systemic effects of CFTR dysfunction. Our goal was to establish a model system to study the effects of CFTR function on gut mucus and to further characterize mucus properties in the intestine. The HT29 cell line, derived from a colon adenocarcinoma, was used in this project as it has previously proven to express both CFTR and mucin genes. To determine the most appropriate culture conditions and optimize expression of mucins and CFTR, HT29 cells were grown in different media, and the validity of the model was evaluated through resistance measurements, mucin biochemical assays (e.g., immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting), and histology. CFTR Cl- secretion was measured by Ussing chamber following forskolin stimulation, but the formation of an intercellular lumina “blister” impeded the traditional measurement of CFTR function. Following culture conditions optimization, a CFTR knockout was generated through CRISPR/Cas9 lentivirus infection and confirmed via protein analysis. In parallel, healthy wild-type (WT) cells were compared to cells where CFTR was pharmacologically inhibited (i.e., CF-like cells) and showed differences in mucin concentrations. Our data suggests these mucin-producing cell lines can function as relevant in vitro models to study the CF gut mucus phenotype. Investigating pure mucus in an environment devoid of inflammatory cells and/or fecal matter can help focus on mucins’ abnormal properties and reveal novel pharmaceutical targets. A treatment targeting mucins or reversing the abnormal mucus phenotype would be mutation agnostic (i.e., independent of genotype) and therefore would have the potential to slow the progression of the disease and benefit all patients with CF.
title: DESIGN OF A FRAMEWORK FOR ESP IN-SERVICE TEACHER TRAINING
Creators: name: Can, Duyen
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2024

description: Under the growing influence of internationalisation and globalisation, English for Specific Purposes (ESP) has gained popularity in Vietnam. ESP is regarded as a bridge between graduates and those industries in which English is used as a communicative tool in the workplace (Bedri, 2009; Polack-Wahl, 2000). Indeed, the urgent need for ESP practitioners has been one of the most consistent driving forces in the ESP field. In addition to being competent at functional academic literacy, ESP lecturers are supposed to be professionals in the ESP teaching methodology and subject content. However, most language teachers in Vietnam are trained to be proficient in linguistic knowledge based on four language skills: reading, listening, speaking, and writing, instead of knowledge of specialised subjects. Despite some teacher training provisions, the established focus on training general English (GE) teachers to become ESP practitioners – namely, in-service training (INSET) – does not meet the full demands of either trainers or trainees. With an action research approach, this empirical study outlines a proposal for developing an ESP INSETs framework. It evaluates ESP training courses, addresses challenges faced by teachers of GE in ESP, explains what they need from training, and shows how ESP trainers can support their trainees. With this knowledge, ESP INSET trainers can properly answer their trainees’ needs. Accordingly, survey questionnaires delivered to trainees uncover their challenges in ESP teaching, their training needs analysis for ESP INSET training, and how they evaluate current ESP INSETs. Class observations using checklists explore trainees’ needs and challenges when using the ESP approach. Subsequent in-depth interviews disclosed their suggestions regarding improving the efficiency of ESP INSETs. Thereafter, this study proposes an ESP INSET framework for other universities in Vietnam that could also serve as a reference in other contexts. Keywords: ESP INSETs, in-service trainings, needs analysis, training evaluation
Literature Review of the Working Environment of Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists’ and its Relationship with Patient Safety, Quality of Care, and Job Satisfaction
Creators: name: Ha, Soo Jung
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: Although there is vast amount of literature addressing the working conditions of registered nurses, little is known about the work environment of Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNAs). The purpose of this literature review was to synthesize existing evidence on working conditions of CRNAs and, to the extent possible, examine how they influence patient safety, quality of care, and work satisfaction. 
Primary sources used for the literature review were CINAHL and PubMed. 
By utilizing combinations of Mesh Terms related to different aspects of CRNA work environment (communication, decision making, collaboration, and patient safety), fourteen articles were selected for analysis. The review of literatures revealed two overarching themes: (1) there were discrepancies in attitudes toward collaboration between CRNAs and anesthesiologists, and (2) CRNAs work in an intense environment that can lead to decreased job satisfaction and decreased patient safety. It must be noted that there was a limited research related to CRNA-physician collaboration, which limited clear ways to look into such aspect of the OR work environment. Future research should focus on utilizing strategies such as OR debriefings to mitigate the discrepancies in teamwork perceptions, implementing standardized hand-off process to improve patient safety, and instituting interventions such as zero tolerance policies and workshops to minimize incivility in the OR environment.
Inflationary Imprints on Dark Matter
Creators: name: Nurmi, Sami
name: Tenkanen, Tommi
name: Tuominen, Kimmo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that dark matter abundance and the inflationary scale $H$ could be intimately related. Standard Model extensions with Higgs mediated couplings to new physics typically contain extra scalars displaced from vacuum during inflation. If their coupling to Standard Model is weak, they will not thermalize and may easily constitute too much dark matter reminiscent to the moduli problem. As an example we consider Standard Model extended by a $Z_2$ symmetric singlet $s$ coupled to the Standard Model Higgs $Φ$ via $λΦ^†Φs^2$. Dark matter relic density is generated non-thermally for $λ\lesssim 10^{-7}$. We show that the dark matter yield crucially depends on the inflationary scale. For $H\sim 10^{10}$ GeV we find that the singlet self-coupling and mass should lie in the regime $λ_{\rm s}\gtrsim 10^{-9}$ and $m_{\rm s}\lesssim 50$ GeV to avoid dark matter overproduction.
description: Minor changes and references added. Matches the published version. 14 pages, 3 figures
Unresolved sources naturally contribute to PeV $γ$-ray diffuse emission observed by Tibet AS$γ$
Creators: name: Vecchiotti, V.
name: Zuccarini, F.
name: Villante, F. L.
name: Pagliaroli, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Tibet AS$γ$ experiment provided the first measurement of the total diffuse gamma-ray emission from the Galactic disk in the sub-PeV energy range. Based on the analysis of TeV sources included in the HGPS catalog, we predict the expected contribution of unresolved sources in the two angular windows of the Galactic plane observed by Tibet AS$γ$. We show that the sum of this additional diffuse component due to unresolved sources and the truly diffuse emission, due to cosmic ray interaction with the interstellar medium, well saturates the Tibet data, without the need to introduce a progressive hardening of the cosmic-ray spectrum toward the Galactic center.
Synthetic Random Environmental Time Series Generation with Similarity Control, Preserving Original Signal's Statistical Characteristics
Creators: name: Aloni, Ofek
name: Perelman, Gal
name: Fishbain, Barak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Synthetic datasets are widely used in many applications, such as missing data imputation, examining non-stationary scenarios, in simulations, training data-driven models, and analyzing system robustness. Typically, synthetic data are based on historical data obtained from the observed system. The data needs to represent a specific behavior of the system, yet be new and diverse enough so that the system is challenged with a broad range of inputs. This paper presents a method, based on discrete Fourier transform, for generating synthetic time series with similar statistical moments for any given signal. The suggested method makes it possible to control the level of similarity between the given signal and the generated synthetic signals. Proof shows analytically that this method preserves the first two statistical moments of the input signal, and its autocorrelation function. The method is compared to known methods, ARMA, GAN, and CoSMoS. A large variety of environmental datasets with different temporal resolutions, and from different domains are used, testing the generality and flexibility of the method. A Python library implementing this method is made available as open-source software.
description: Accepted for publication 27 November 2024. Code available at https://github.com/Al-Ofek/stsg.git