cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
NERO - CA22164 - NERO Case Study Manual
Creators: name: Giannaros, Theodore
name: Benali, Akli
name: Fernandez-Anez, Nieves
name: Bercak, Roman
name: Papavasileiou, Georgios
name: Sbaragli, Giacomo
name: Silva, Fabio
name: Prat-Guitart, Núria
name: Seric, Ljiljana
name: Martins Pacheco, Renata
name: Bacciu, Valentina
Publisher: name: european Network on Extreme fiRe behaviOr (NERO) - CA22164
Year: 2025
Subjects: case study
manual
wildfire

description: This document comprises Deliverable D2.1 (“Case Study Manual”) of the COST Action NERO, CA22164. The overarching objective of the NERO Case Study Manual (CSM) is to lay the groundwork for the systematic analysis of past wildfire events, using established methods and tools while encouraging the integration of new techniques. The manual introduces guiding principles that should be considered in the design and implementation of high-quality wildfire case studies while recognizing that some flexibility is needed to accommodate the unique characteristics of each event.
Developmental Upsurge of Leisure Agriculture
Creators: name: Zhong, Chunyan
name: Wang, Jinghua
name: Zhong, Chunyan
name: Wang, Jinghua
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Leisure agriculture of China
subject: Developmental upsurge
subject: Problem
subject: Countermeasures and proposals

description: This paper expounds the developmental status and characteristics of leisure agriculture, as well as the inevitability of the developmental upsurge. It also analyzes the problems brought by over-heated development of leisure agriculture. And the countermeasures adopted by government and related sections are put forward from the aspects of developmental ideas, plan, management, construction of infrastructure and cultivation of talents.
Dynamic Ecological Footprint in Jiangxi Province of China
Creators: name: Guan, Jinqiao
name: Guan, Jinqiao
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Ecological footprint
subject: Ecological carrying capacity
subject: Ecological deficit
subject: Jiangxi Province
subject: China

description: This paper introduces the related research progress of ecological footprint theory. According to the data of Jiangxi Province from 1995 to 2004, this paper measures the per capita ecological footprint and supply in recent 10 years. Result shows that ecological deficit of Jiangxi Province of China is relatively low, but is increasing gradually.
Construction of National Nature Reserves System in China
Creators: name: Zheng, Haiyang
name: Wang, Guoxiang
name: Zheng, Haiyang
name: Wang, Guoxiang
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: National nature Reserves of China
subject: Construction status
subject: Biodiversity conservation
subject: Management
subject: Development countermeasures

description: This paper introduces the construction status of National Nature Reserves in China, and then it points out some primary problems in the construction of National Nature Reserves. Finally, we put forward some related countermeasures and suggestions.
Swampland Constraints on No-Boundary Quantum Cosmology
Creators: name: Matsui, Hiroki
name: Terada, Takahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Hartle-Hawking no-boundary proposal describes the quantum creation of the universe. To have a non-negligible probability to obtain a classical expanding universe, eternal inflation is required, which is severely constrained by Swampland conjectures such as the refined de Sitter conjecture and the distance conjecture. We discuss this issue in detail and demonstrate the incompatibility. We show that the dimensionless parameters in the refined de Sitter conjecture should be bounded from above by a positive power of the scalar potential to realize the classical expanding universe. In other words, the probability of the classical expanding universe is extremely small under the Swampland conjectures unless the parameters are much smaller than unity. If they are order unity, on the other hand, the saddle-point solution itself ceases to exist implying a genuinely quantum universe.
description: 34 pages, 14 figures; published version, minor corrections in Appendix
title: 2014 Faculty Conference: strategic plan status update
Creators: name: Parker, Terence E.
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2007
Subjects: TILC
top tier
faculty conference
revenue stream
provost
strategic plan
gender and ethnic diversity
STEM
identity
Center for Innovative Teaching and Learning

description: This presentation includes a short summary of Mines' mission, vision, and values, and an overview of the boundaries and long term aspirations of the strategic plan. The main goals of the strategic plan are outlined, along with their supporting initiatives. A short timeline of dates critical to the plan and the need for campus participation in the execution of the strategic plan are also presented.
Technological Environment and Innovation of Township Enterprises
Creators: name: Mei, Qijun
name: Mei, Qijun
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Technological environment
subject: Township enterprises
subject: Technological innovation
subject: China

description: This paper introduces the technological environment and innovation, and analyzes the barriers of technological innovation in township enterprises. Finally, this paper puts forward related countermeasures to improve the technological innovation of township enterprises in China.
2009 North Dakota Agricultural Outlook: Representative Farms, 2009-2018
Creators: name: Taylor, Richard D.
name: Koo, Won W.
name: Swenson, Andrew L.
name: Taylor, Richard D.
name: Koo, Won W.
name: Swenson, Andrew L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Farm Management
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: net farm income
subject: debt-to-asset ratios
subject: cropland prices
subject: land rental rates
subject: farm operating expenses
subject: capitalization rate
subject: risk iv

description: Net farm income for all representative farms in 2018 is projected to be lower than in 2008. Low-profit farms, which comprise 20% of the farms in the study, may not have financial resiliency to survive without off-farm income. Commodity prices are expected to fall from current levels however the final level is unknown. Commodity yields are projected to increase at historical trend-line rates and production expenses are expected to return to normal growth rates after 2009. Debt-to-asset ratios for all farms except for the low profit farm will decrease slightly throughout the forecast period. Debt-to-asset ratios for the low-profit farms are expected to increase to about 0.50.
Master integrals for massive two-loop Bhabha scattering in QED
Creators: name: Czakon, M.
name: Gluza, J.
name: Riemann, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a set of scalar master integrals (MIs) needed for a complete treatment of massive two-loop corrections to Bhabha scattering in QED, including integrals with arbitrary fermionic loops. The status of analytical solutions for the MIs is reviewed and examples of some methods to solve MIs analytically are worked out in more detail. Analytical results for the pole terms in epsilon of so far unknown box MIs with five internal lines are given.
description: 23 pages, 5 tables, 12 figures, references added, appendix B enlarged
Spin-flop quasi metamagnetic, anisotropic magnetic, and electrical transport behavior of Ho substituted kagome magnet ErMn$_6$Sn$_6$
Creators: name: Casey, Jacob
name: Samatham, S. Shanmukharao
name: Burgio, Christopher
name: Kramer, Noah
name: Sawon, Asraf
name: and, Jamaal Huff
name: Pathak, Arjun K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the magnetic and electrical properties of a (Mn$_3$Sn)$_2$ triangular network kagome structured high quality Ho substituted ErMn$_6$Sn$_6$ single-crystal sample by magneto-transport measurements. Er$_{0.5}$Ho$_{0.5}$Mn$_6$Sn$_6$ orders antiferromagnetically at Néel temperature $T_\mathrm{N} \sim$ 350 K followed by a ferrimagnetic (FiM) transition at $T_\mathrm{C} \sim$ 114 K and spin-orientation transition at $T_\mathrm{t} \sim$ 20 K. The field-manifestations of these magnetic phases in the \textit{ab}-basal plane and along the \textit{c}-axis are illustrated through temperature-field \textit{T-H} phase diagrams. In \textit{H}$\parallel$\textit{c}, narrow hysteresis between spin reorientation and field-induced FiM phases below $T_\mathrm{t}$, enhanced/strengthened FiM phase below $T_\mathrm{C}$ and stemming of FiM phase out of strongly coexisting AFM and FiM phases below $T_\mathrm{N}$ through a non-meta-magnetic transition are confirmed to arise from strong R-Mn sublattices interaction. In contrast, \textit{H}$\parallel$\textit{ab}-plane, between $T_\mathrm{N}$ and $T_\mathrm{C}$, individually contributing R-Mn sublattices with weak antiferromagnetic interactions undergo a field-induced spin-flop quasi-metamagnetic transition to FiM state. The temperature dependent electrical resistivity suggests metallic nature with Fermi liquid behavior at low temperatures. Essentially, the current study stimulates interest to investigate the magnetic and electrical properties of mixed rare-earth layered kagome magnetic metals for possible novel and exotic behavior.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Additional file 1 of A community-based, sport-led programme to increase physical activity in an area of deprivation: a qualitative case study
Creators: name: Aphra Garner-Purkis
name: Alageel, Samah
name: Burgess, Caroline
name: Gulliford, Martin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Exploring stakeholder’s experiences’ of the ALFA project.
Predicting the Accuracy of Asteroid Size Estimation with Data from the Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time
Creators: name: Ivezić, Vedrana
name: Ivezić, Željko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent work has shown that the correlation between SDSS colors and optical albedo can be used to estimate asteroid sizes from optical data alone. We revisit a correlation between SDSS colors and optical albedo for asteroids, with the albedo derived using WISE-based size estimates. Moeyens, Myhrvold \& Ivezić (2020) showed that this correlation can be used to estimate asteroid sizes with optical data alone, with a precision of about 17\% relative to WISE-based size estimates. We present here several more sophisticated data-driven models for the variation of optical albedo with colors and estimate the contribution of SDSS photometric errors to the albedo and size estimate uncertainties. We use the results of our analysis to predict that LSST data will enable asteroid size precision of about 15\% relative to WISE-based size estimates. Compared to the accuracy of WISE-based size estimates of 15-20\%, the implied accuracy of optical size estimates, in the range 21-25\%, is thus only a factor of 1.3 to 1.4 worse. This size estimation accuracy is significantly better than commonly assumed for optical data and is due to accurate and homogeneous multi-band photometry delivered by modern digital sky surveys.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures, accepted by Icarus
Institutional and governance factors influencing the performance of selected smallholder agricultural cooperatives in KwaZulu-Natal
Creators: name: Chibanda, M.
name: Ortmann, Gerald F.
name: Lyne, Michael C.
name: Chibanda, M.
name: Ortmann, Gerald F.
name: Lyne, Michael C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Traditional cooperatives
subject: performance
subject: institutions
subject: good governance
subject: cluster analysis

description: This paper evaluates the impact of institutional and governance factors on the performance of 10 smallholder agricultural cooperatives in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN). Five of the cooperatives grow and market vegetables, three produce and market poultry, one is a beef production cooperative and another operates a bakery. The results of a cluster analysis suggest that the performance of the selected smallholder cooperatives is influenced by institutional and governance problems. Institutional problems give rise to low levels of equity and debt capital, reliance on government funding, low levels of investment, and subsequent loss of members. Governance problems are strongly linked to the absence of secret ballot, low levels of education, lack of production and management skills training, weak marketing arrangements and consequent low returns to members as patrons or investors. The conclusion is that appropriate institutional arrangements and good governance are important to the performance of enterprises initiated by groups of smallholders. South Africa’s new Cooperatives Act prevents smallholder cooperatives from adopting good institutional arrangements. Alternative ownership structures such as close corporations and private companies offer better institutional arrangements and opportunities for equity-sharing partnerships.
The role of the Generalised System of Preferences (GSP) in determining carnation demand in the United Kingdom: implications for Colombian and Kenyan exports
Creators: name: Muhammad, Andrew
name: Ngeleza, Guyslain K.
name: Muhammad, Andrew
name: Ngeleza, Guyslain K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Kenya
subject: Colombia
subject: carnations
subject: GSP
subject: preferential trade agreements

description: The goal of this paper was to assess how the EU Generalised System of Preferences incentive scheme to combat drugs production and trafficking (GSP+) affected carnation imports in the United Kingdom (UK). Colombian carnations enter the EU duty-free under the GSP+ incentive scheme which is less secure than the trade agreement between the EU and Kenya. If the EU withdrew preferences from Colombia, would Kenyan flower exporters be better off in the UK carnation market? The results of study showed that Colombian exports benefited from tariff-free access to the UK where the benefit was due to both trade creation and trade diversion. Additionally, the competition between Colombian and Kenyan carnations was found to be insignificant and there was no evidence that GSP+ negatively affected Kenyan carnations. The results showed that competing exporters (Kenya, the Netherlands and Spain) could actually be better off when Colombian carnations are given duty-free to the EU.
Noise-induced servo errors in optical clocks utilizing Rabi interrogation
Creators: name: Lindvall, T.
name: Wallin, A. E.
name: Hanhijärvi, K. J.
name: Fordell, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that in optical clocks based on Rabi interrogation, both laser-frequency and magnetic-field flicker ($1/f$) noise with zero mean can lead to servo errors at the $10^{-18}$ level if the negative-detuning (red) and positive-detuning (blue) sides of the transition are always probed in the same order. This is due to the strong correlations of flicker noise in combination with an imbalance in the response of the servo discriminator to positive and negative differential frequency noise between the red- and blue-side probing. This imbalance is particularly large for a normalized discriminator. We derive an analytical expression for the servo error based on the correlation function of the laser-frequency or magnetic-field noise and compare it to numerical servo simulations to demonstrate how the error depends on the noise level, servo parameters, and probing sequence. We also show that the servo error can be avoided by normalizing the discriminator with a moving mean or by reversing the red/blue probing order for every second servo cycle.
description: Accepted to Metrologia
Agricultural land purchases for alternative uses – evidence from two farming areas in the Western Cape province, South Africa
Creators: name: Reed, L.L.
name: Kleynhans, Theo E.
name: Reed, L.L.
name: Kleynhans, Theo E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Multifunctionality
subject: aesthetic appeal
subject: lifestyle motivations

description: Purchases of agricultural land for diverse reasons, such as recreation or aesthetic appeal (collectively referred to as lifestyle purposes), has implications for agricultural land valuations, commercial agriculture and the acquisition of land for redistribution purposes. This paper reports on the extent of purchases of agricultural land for diverse reasons within an intensive and extensive agricultural farming area in the Western Cape, gathered through a survey of land buyers between January 2005 and October 2007. Descriptive statistics provide demographical information of buyers, their reasons for purchasing farms and the importance of specific characteristics of agricultural properties considered in such purchases. Analyses of variance convey more information regarding the different characteristics of agricultural properties considered by agricultural and lifestyle buyers. Survey results indicated that farm purchases for alternative purposes were substantial: more than half of all transactions in both the intensive and extensive area were for lifestyle reasons. Lifestyle buyers mostly rely on income from outside the agricultural sector for their livelihoods and financing of purchased properties, therefore they could focus on characteristics of farms unrelated to commercial agricultural production in their decision to buy agricultural properties. Characteristics such as the recreational opportunities provided by the property and its aesthetic beauty, including natural scenery, beautiful views and locations within a valley and set against a mountain, appealed to these buyers.
The Mostar index of Fibonacci and Lucas cubes
Creators: name: Eğecioğlu, Ömer
name: Saygı, Elif
name: Saygı, Zülfükar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The Mostar index of a graph was defined by Došlić, Martinjak, Škrekovski, Tipurić Spužević and Zubac in the context of the study of the properties of chemical graphs. It measures how far a given graph is from being distance-balanced. In this paper, we determine the Mostar index of two well-known families of graphs: Fibonacci cubes and Lucas cubes.
On universality of stress-energy tensor correlation functions in supergravity
Creators: name: Buchel, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the Minkowski space AdS/CFT prescription we explicitly compute in the low-energy limit the two-point correlation function of the boundary stress-energy tensor in a large class of type IIB supergravity backgrounds with a regular translationally invariant horizon. The relevant set of supergravity backgrounds includes all geometries which can be interpreted via gauge theory/string theory correspondence as being holographically dual to finite temperature gauge theories in Minkowski space-times. The fluctuation-dissipation theorem relates this correlation function computation to the previously established universality of the shear viscosity from supergravity duals, and to the universality of the low energy absorption cross-section for minimally coupled massless scalars into a general spherically symmetric black hole. It further generalizes the latter results for the supergravity black brane geometries with non-spherical horizons.
description: 14 pages, reference added, PLB version
tof_mask_struct2 from Non-invasive Quantification of Pressure Drops in Stenotic Intracranial Vessels – Using Deep-Learning Enhanced 4D Flow MRI to Characterize the Regional Hemodynamics of the Pulsing Brain
Creators: name: El Ahmar, Ali
name: Schnell, Susanne
name: Ansari, Sameer A.
name: Abdalla, Ramez N.
name: Vali, Alireza
name: Aristova, Maria
name: Markl, Michael
name: Winter, Patrick
name: Marlevi, David
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 510502
subject: Medical physics

description: Time of flight mask
Fertilizer Trade under Market Liberalization: Preliminary Evidence from Kenya
Creators: name: Omamo, Steven Were
name: Mose, Lawrence Obae
name: Omamo, Steven Were
name: Mose, Lawrence Obae
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: This paper reports results of a countrywide survey of fertilizer traders undertaken in late September 1997 with the aim of identifying broad supply-side and demand-side factors influencing trade in inorganic fertilizers in Kenya. The next two sections describe the sampling and econometric procedures followed. Regression results are then reported. Implications of the results for policy and research round-out the analysis.
The Molonglo Southern 4 Jy sample (MS4). II. ATCA imaging and optical identification
Creators: name: Burgess, A. M.
name: Hunstead, R. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Of the 228 sources in the Molonglo Southern 4 Jy Sample (MS4), the 133 with angular sizes < 35 arcsec have been imaged at 5 GHz at 2-4 arcsec resolution with the Australia Telescope Compact Array. More than 90% of the sample has been reliably optically identified, either on the plates of the UK Schmidt Southern Sky Survey or on R-band CCD images made with the Anglo-Australian Telescope. A subsample of 137 sources, the SMS4, defined to be a close southern equivalent of the northern 3CRR sample, was found to have global properties mostly consistent with the northern sample. Linear sizes of MS4 galaxies and quasars were found to be consistent with galaxy-quasar unification models of orientation and evolution.
description: 102 pages; 6 figures in 21 Postscript files. To appear in Astronomical Journal. For higher-resolution versions of some figures, see http://www.physics.usyd.edu.au/astrop/rwh/ms4/
Gravitational Waves from SMBH Binaries in Light of the NANOGrav 15-Year Data
Creators: name: Ellis, John
name: Fairbairn, Malcolm
name: Hütsi, Gert
name: Raidal, Juhan
name: Urrutia, Juan
name: Vaskonen, Ville
name: Veermäe, Hardi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The NANOGrav Collaboration has recently announced evidence for nHz gravitational waves (GWs), in the form of a Hellings-Downs angular correlation in the common-spectrum process that had been observed previously by them and other Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs). We analyze the possibility that these GWs originate from binary supermassive black holes (SMBHs) with total masses $\gtrsim 10^9\, M_{\odot}$. The spectral index of the GW signal differs at 95 % CL from that predicted for binary evolution by GW emission alone, and we find $> 3 σ$ evidence that environmental effects such as dynamical friction with gas, stars, and dark matter may be affecting the binary evolution. We estimate the required magnitude and spectrum of such environmental effects and comment on their possible implications for measurements of GWs at higher frequencies.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, updated to match the published version
Algorithmic recourse under imperfect causal knowledge: a probabilistic approach
Creators: name: Karimi, Amir-Hossein
name: von Kügelgen, Julius
name: Schölkopf, Bernhard
name: Valera, Isabel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent work has discussed the limitations of counterfactual explanations to recommend actions for algorithmic recourse, and argued for the need of taking causal relationships between features into consideration. Unfortunately, in practice, the true underlying structural causal model is generally unknown. In this work, we first show that it is impossible to guarantee recourse without access to the true structural equations. To address this limitation, we propose two probabilistic approaches to select optimal actions that achieve recourse with high probability given limited causal knowledge (e.g., only the causal graph). The first captures uncertainty over structural equations under additive Gaussian noise, and uses Bayesian model averaging to estimate the counterfactual distribution. The second removes any assumptions on the structural equations by instead computing the average effect of recourse actions on individuals similar to the person who seeks recourse, leading to a novel subpopulation-based interventional notion of recourse. We then derive a gradient-based procedure for selecting optimal recourse actions, and empirically show that the proposed approaches lead to more reliable recommendations under imperfect causal knowledge than non-probabilistic baselines.
description: Camera ready version (NeurIPS 2020 spotlight)
Evolution of Kenya's Maize Marketing Systems in the Post-liberalization Era
Creators: name: Nyoro, James K.
name: Kiiru, M.W.
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Nyoro, James K.
name: Kiiru, M.W.
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Food Security
subject: Food Policy
subject: Kenya
subject: Maize

description: The objectives of this paper are to: (1) identify the pattern of private sector investment in the maize marketing system since the reforms were initiated and evaluate the extent of private sector response to the reforms; (2) assess how maize prices and marketing margins have changed in response to the market reforms; (3) identify market-oriented mechanisms that have evolved in the current environment to reduce vulnerability of farmers, traders and consumers to price and expenditure instability; and (4) identify strategies that the government and private sector could implement to effectively promote the development of the evolving market oriented food systems.
Japan’s regional multilateralism : national role conceptions, APEC, and the Nakayama proposal
Creators: name: Evans, Randy Walter
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Why did Japan promote a multilateral security forum, in the 1991 Nakayama Proposal, given that the fundamental basis of its security policy is the bilateral alliance with the United States? Japan's pursuit of regional multilateralism can be primarily explained by using the concept of ingrained roles from role theory. The methodological approach was qualitative content analysis of speeches by Japan's Prime Ministers and Foreign Ministers. The constraints of ingrained roles on the policymaking process provided an opportunity for the internationalist coalition within the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) to formulate the Nakayama proposal. This study also argues that the earlier Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) initiative by Japan's Ministry for International Trade and Industry (MITI) provided intense rivalry and valuable lessons for MOFA's pursuit of a regional security institution. The end stage of the Cold War, the onset of the Gulf War, as well as MITI and MOFA's bureaucratic rivalry, set the policymaking context.
Do Farmers Really Benefit from High Food Prices? Balancing Rural Interest in Kenya's Maize Pricing and Marketing Policy
Creators: name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Yamano, Takashi
name: Nyoro, James K.
name: Awuor, Tom
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Yamano, Takashi
name: Nyoro, James K.
name: Awuor, Tom
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Food Security
subject: Food Policy
subject: Kenya
subject: Maize
subject: Marketing

description: This paper uses information from rural household surveys in 24 districts in Kenya to inform current debate on maize pricing policy. Specifically, it sheds light on how rural farm households are being affected by governmental efforts to support maize price levels. Using information on landed import costs of white maize from South Africa with and without the import tariff, it simulates the effects of eliminating the tariff on rural smallholder farmers, large-scale farmers, and urban consumers. It then examines the implications of these findings for the design of strategies to promote agricultural productivity and rural income growth.
Deep Learning for Anomaly Detection: A Review
Creators: name: Pang, Guansong
name: Shen, Chunhua
name: Cao, Longbing
name: Hengel, Anton van den
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Anomaly detection, a.k.a. outlier detection or novelty detection, has been a lasting yet active research area in various research communities for several decades. There are still some unique problem complexities and challenges that require advanced approaches. In recent years, deep learning enabled anomaly detection, i.e., deep anomaly detection, has emerged as a critical direction. This paper surveys the research of deep anomaly detection with a comprehensive taxonomy, covering advancements in three high-level categories and 11 fine-grained categories of the methods. We review their key intuitions, objective functions, underlying assumptions, advantages and disadvantages, and discuss how they address the aforementioned challenges. We further discuss a set of possible future opportunities and new perspectives on addressing the challenges.
description: Survey paper, 36 pages, 180 references, 2 figures, 4 tables
Appendix S1 from Symbiosis and stress: how plant microbiomes affect host evolution
Creators: name: Hawkes, Christine V.
name: J. Bull James
name: Lau, Jennifer A.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Equations for two symbiont strains
Dihadron fragmentation: in vacuum and in matter
Creators: name: Majumder, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two particle correlations within a single jet produced in deeply inelastic scattering (DIS) off a large nucleus as well as in heavy-ion collisions are explored. This is performed within the framework of the medium modified dihadron fragmentation functions. The modification occurs due to gluon bremsstrahlung induced by multiple scattering. The modified fragmentation functions for dihadrons are found to follow closely that of single hadrons leading to a weak nuclear suppression of their ratios as measured by HERMES in DIS experiments. Meanwhile, a moderate medium enhancement of the near-side correlation of two high $p_T$ hadrons is found in central heavy-ion collisions, partially due to trigger bias caused by the competition between parton energy loss and the initial Cronin effect.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, LATEX, talk given at Hard Probes 2004
Agricultural Production Incentives: Fertilizer Markets and Insights from Kenya
Creators: name: Wanzala, Maria N.
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Staatz, John M.
name: Mugera, Amin W.
name: Kirimi, Justus
name: Owuor, Joseph
name: Wanzala, Maria N.
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Staatz, John M.
name: Mugera, Amin W.
name: Kirimi, Justus
name: Owuor, Joseph
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Food Security
subject: Food Policy
subject: Kenya
subject: Fertilizer

description: The paper has several specific objectives. First, it identifies how fertilizer marketing costs and the types of fertilizers used have changed over the course of the liberalization process in Kenya. A second objective is to examine the fertilizer subsector in Kenya with a view to identifying organizational and institutional changes that could improve its performance. Various types of fertilizer supply chains serving farmers in western Kenya are identified, examine the cost structure of these supply chains, identify potential sources of cost reduction in these supply chains, and last, estimate the impact of illustrative scenarios for reducing fertilizer marketing costs on the profitability of maize production in western Kenya.
Chandra observations of the planetary nebula IC 4593
Creators: name: Toalá, J. A.
name: Guerrero, M. A.
name: Bianchi, L.
name: Chu, Y. -H.
name: De Marco, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ACIS-S camera on board the Chandra X-ray Observatory has been used to discover a hot bubble in the planetary nebula (PN) IC4593, the most distant PN detected by Chandra so far. The data are used to study the distribution of the X-ray-emitting gas in IC 4593 and to estimate its physical properties. The hot bubble has a radius of ~2$^{\prime\prime}$ and is found to be confined inside the optically-bright innermost cavity of IC 4593. The X-ray emission is mostly consistent with that of an optically-thin plasma with temperature $kT\approx0.15$ keV (or $T_\mathrm{X}\approx1.7\times10^{6}$ K), electron density $n_\mathrm{e}\approx15$ cm$^{-3}$, and intrinsic X-ray luminosity in the 0.3-1.5 keV energy range $L_\mathrm{X}=3.4\times10^{30}$ erg s$^{-1}$. A careful analysis of the distribution of hard ($E>$0.8 keV) photons in IC 4593 suggests the presence of X-ray emission from a point source likely associated with its central star (CSPN). If this were the case, its estimated X-ray luminosity would be $L_\mathrm{X,CSPN}=7\times10^{29}$ erg s$^{-1}$, fulfilling the log$(L_\mathrm{X,CSPN}/L_\mathrm{bol})\approx-7$ relation for self-shocking winds in hot stars. The X-ray detection of the CSPN helps explain the presence of high-ionisation species detected in the UV spectra as predicted by stellar atmosphere models.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures; Accepted to MNRAS
Arrival time from Hamiltonian with non-hermitian boundary term
Creators: name: Jurić, Tajron
name: Nikolić, Hrvoje
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a new method for finding the quantum probability density of arrival at the detector. The evolution of the quantum state restricted to the region outside of the detector is described by a restricted Hamiltonian that contains a non-hermitian boundary term. The non-hermitian term is shown to be proportional to the flux of the probability current operator through the boundary, which implies that the arrival probability density is equal to the flux of the probability current.
description: 7 pages, accepted for publication in Universe
Robust Multi-Partite Multi-Level Quantum Protocols
Creators: name: Nihira, Hideomi
name: Stroud, C. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a tripartite three-level state that allows a secret sharing protocol among the three parties, or a quantum key distribution protocol between any two parties. The state used in this scheme contains entanglement even after one system is traced out. We show how to utilize this residual entanglement for quantum key distribution purposes, and propose a realization of the scheme using entanglement of orbital angular momentum states of photons.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures
Supplementary Material from Self-organization of river vegetation leads to emergent buffering of river flows and water levels
Creators: name: Cornacchia, Loreta
name: Geraldene Wharton
name: Grieg Davies
name: Grabowski, Robert C.
name: Temmerman, Stijn
name: Wal, Daphne Van Der
name: Bouma, Tjeerd J.
name: Koppel, Johan Van De
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Global climate change is expected to impact hydrodynamic conditions in stream ecosystems. There is limited understanding of how stream ecosystems interact and possibly adapt to novel hydrodynamic conditions. Combining mathematical modelling with field data, we demonstrate that bio-physical feedback between plant growth and flow redistribution triggers spatial self-organization of in-channel vegetation that buffers for changed hydrological conditions. The interplay of vegetation growth and hydrodynamics results in a spatial separation of the stream into densely vegetated, low-flow zones divided by unvegetated channels of higher flow velocities. This self-organization process decouples both local flow velocities and water levels from the forcing effect of changing stream discharge. Field data from two lowland, baseflow-dominated streams support model predictions and highlight two important stream-level emergent properties: vegetation controls flow conveyance in fast-flowing channels throughout the annual growth cycle, and this buffering of discharge variations maintains water depths and wetted habitat for the stream community. Our results provide important evidence of how plant-driven self-organization allows stream ecosystems to adapt to changing hydrological conditions, maintaining suitable hydrodynamic conditions to support high biodiversity.
The Producer Cooperative as Monitored Credit? The Case of West Liberty Foods
Creators: name: Hueth, Brent
name: Marcoul, Philippe
name: Ginder, Roger G.
name: Hueth, Brent
name: Marcoul, Philippe
name: Ginder, Roger G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: The West Liberty Foods turkey cooperative formed in 1996 to purchase the assets and assume operations of Louis Rich Foods. Based on field interviews with grower members and company management, we describe changes in the economic relationship between growers and the company that resulted from the purchase. We argue that many of the observed changes are consistent with a financial-contracting view of the cooperative firm where the bundling of input-supply and board activities generates a reduction in agency rents that compensates for the organizational deadweight loss traditionally associated with cooperative governance.
One- and two-dimensional quantum walks in arrays of optical traps
Creators: name: Eckert, K.
name: Mompart, J.
name: Birkl, G.
name: Lewenstein, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a novel implementation of discrete time quantum walks for a neutral atom in an array of optical microtraps or an optical lattice. We analyze a one-dimensional walk in position space, with the coin, the additional qubit degree of freedom that controls the displacement of the quantum walker, implemented as a spatially delocalized qubit, i.e., the coin is also encoded in position space. We analyze the dependence of the quantum walk on temperature and experimental imperfections as shaking in the trap positions. Finally, combining a spatially delocalized qubit and a hyperfine qubit, we also give a scheme to realize a quantum walk on a two-dimensional square lattice with the possibility of implementing different coin operators.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures; v2: some comments added and other minor changes
Nuclear shape evolution and shape coexistence in Zr and Mo isotopes
Creators: name: Kumar, Pankaj
name: Thakur, Virender
name: Thakur, Smriti
name: Kumar, Vikesh
name: Dhiman, Shashi K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phenomena of shape evolution and shape coexistence in even-even $^{88-126}$Zr and $^{88-126}$Mo isotopes is studied by employing covariant density functional theory (CDFT) with density-dependent point coupling parameter sets DD-PCX and DD-PC1, and with separable pairing interaction. The results for rms deviation in binding energies, two-neutron separation energy, the differential variation of two-neutron separation energy, and rms charge radii, as a function of neutron number, are presented and compared with available experimental data. In addition to the oblate-prolate shape coexistence in $^{96-110}$Zr isotopes, the correlation between shape transition and discontinuity in the observables are also examined. A smooth trend of charge radii in Mo isotopes is found to be due to the manifestation of triaxiality softness. The observed oblate and prolate minima are related to the low single-particle energy level density around the Fermi level of neutron and proton respectively. The present calculations also predict a deformed bubble structure in $^{100}$Zr isotope.
description: this preprint contains incomplete data and some mistakes
Planar SFS Josephson Junctions Made by Focused Ion Beam Etching
Creators: name: Krasnov, V. M.
name: Ericsson, O.
name: Intiso, S.
name: Delsing, P.
name: Oboznov, V. A.
name: Prokofiev, A. S.
name: Ryazanov, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superconductor-Ferromagnet-Superconductor (S-F-S) Josephson junctions were fabricated by making a narrow cut through a S-F double layer using direct writing by Focused Ion Beam (FIB). Due to a high resolution (spot size smaller than 10 nm) of FIB, junctions with a small separation between superconducting electrodes ($\leq$ 30 nm) can be made. Such a short distance is sufficient for achieving a considerable proximity coupling through a diluted CuNi ferromagnet. We have successfully fabricated and studied S-F-S (Nb-CuNi-Nb) and S-S'-S (Nb-Nb/CuNi-Nb) junctions. Junctions exhibit clear Fraunhofer modulation of the critical current as a function of magnetic field, indicating good uniformity of the cut. By changing the depth of the cut, junctions with the $I_c R_n$ product ranging from 0.5 mV to $\sim 1μ$V were fabricated.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, presentation at EUCAS-2003, to be published in Physica C
New estimator for symmetry plane correlations in anisotropic flow analyses
Creators: name: Bilandzic, Ante
name: Lesch, Marcel
name: Taghavi, Seyed Farid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Correlations of symmetry planes are important observables used to quantify anisotropic flow phenomenon and constrain independently the properties of strongly interacting nuclear matter produced in the collisions of heavy ions at the highest energies. In this paper, we point out current problems of measuring correlations between symmetry planes and elaborate on why the available analysis techniques have a large systematic bias. To overcome this problem, we introduce a new approach to approximate multi-harmonic flow fluctuations via a two-dimensional Gaussian distribution. Employing this approximation, we introduce a new estimator, dubbed Gaussian Estimator (GE), to extract pure correlation between symmetry planes. We validate GE by using the realistic event-generator iEBE-VISHNU and demonstrate that it outperforms all existing estimators. Based on event-shape engineering, we propose an experimental procedure to improve GE accuracy even further.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures. v2: minor revision, v2 submitted to journal
$ν^2$-Flows: Fast and improved neutrino reconstruction in multi-neutrino final states with conditional normalizing flows
Creators: name: Raine, John Andrew
name: Leigh, Matthew
name: Zoch, Knut
name: Golling, Tobias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this work we introduce $ν^2$-Flows, an extension of the $ν$-Flows method to final states containing multiple neutrinos. The architecture can natively scale for all combinations of object types and multiplicities in the final state for any desired neutrino multiplicities. In $t\bar{t}$ dilepton events, the momenta of both neutrinos and correlations between them are reconstructed more accurately than when using the most popular standard analytical techniques, and solutions are found for all events. Inference time is significantly faster than competing methods, and can be reduced further by evaluating in parallel on graphics processing units. We apply $ν^2$-Flows to $t\bar{t}$ dilepton events and show that the per-bin uncertainties in unfolded distributions is much closer to the limit of performance set by perfect neutrino reconstruction than standard techniques. For the chosen double differential observables $ν^2$-Flows results in improved statistical precision for each bin by a factor of 1.5 to 2 in comparison to the Neutrino Weighting method and up to a factor of four in comparison to the Ellipse approach.
description: 24 pages, 19 figures, 6 tables
Entropy Cost of "Erasure" in Physically Irreversible Processes
Creators: name: Kastner, R. E.
name: Schlatter, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A restricted form of Landauer's Principle, independent of computational considerations, is shown to hold for thermal systems by reference to the joint entropy associated with conjugate observables. It is shown that the source of the compensating entropy for irreversible physical processes is due to the ontological uncertainty attending values of such mutually incompatible observables, rather than due to epistemic uncertainty as traditionally assumed in the information-theoretic approach. In particular, it is explicitly shown that erasure of logical (epistemic) information via reset operations is not equivalent to erasure of thermodynamic entropy, so that the traditional, information-theoretic form of Landauer's Principle is not supported by the physics. A further implication of the analysis is that, in principle, there can be no Maxwell's Demon in the real world.
description: Final accepted version; published in Mathematics