cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Revenue Potential of a Financial Transaction Tax for U.S. Financial Markets
Creators: name: Pollin, Robert
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2017

description: 



This paper estimates the revenue potential of a financial transaction tax (FTT) for U.S. financial markets. We focus on analyzing the revenue potential of the Inclusive Prosperity Act that was introduced in the U.S. House of Representatives in 2012 and the U.S. Senate in 2015. The tax rates stipulated in this Act include 0.5 percent (50 basis points) for all stock transactions; 0.1 percent (10 basis points) for all bond transactions; and 0.005 percent (0.5 basis points) on the notional value of all derivative trades. We examine three sets of evidence to generate potential revenue estimates: 1) the levels of transaction costs in U.S. financial markets over time and within the range of financial market segments; 2) the extent of trading elasticities under various trading conditions; and 3) the current level of trading activity in U.S. financial markets. Based on this evidence, we conclude that a US FTT operating at the tax rates stated above would generate about $250 billion per year, assuming that a combination of trading volume decline and tax avoidance generates the equivalent of a 50 percent fall in trading revenue. We then consider additional factors whose impact will reduce the net revenue generated by the Act. Adding up these various considerations, we conclude conservatively that the net revenue potential of this U.S. FTT is around $220 billion per year, which equals approximately 1.2 percent of current U.S. GDP. This revenue estimate as a share of GDP is consistent with experiences in other countries that have operated with FTTs with similar tax rates and other design features. It is also consistent with other projections based on tax rates that are comparable to those we are examining. In addition, we examine the 18-fold increase, between the 1970s and the present, in the ratio of stock market trading relative to productive investment spending by U.S. nonfinancial corporations. This sharp rise in stock market trading as a share of productive investments has not been associated with any growth in productive investments themselves. Working from this evidence, we conclude that a U.S. FTT, which should bring a fall in stock market trading relative to productive investment spending, should not, on balance, produce significant negative effects on productive investments.
Прошлое и настоящее лондонского диалекта кокни
Creators: name: Рубанова Ольга Андреевна
name: Гниломёдова Олеся Юрьевна
Publisher: name: Символ науки
Year: 2015
Subjects: ДИАЛЕКТ
АКЦЕНТ
СТАНДАРТНЫЙ АНГЛИЙСКИЙ
КОКНИ
РИФМОВАННЫЙ СЛЕНГ КОКНИ

description: Данная статья посвящена изучению одного из лондонских диалектов кокни, на котором говорят в южных частях Англии, в некоторых районах Лондона и в близлежащих с ним небольших городах. Прослеживается история возникновения и развития диалекта, рассматриваются его основные фонетические и лексические особенности.
Austerity Versus Green Growth for Puerto Rico
Creators: name: Page-Hoongrajok, Amanda
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2017

description: 



Puerto Rico is experiencing a severe economic and social crisis. The crisis conditions began emerging in the late 1990s after the collapse of a development model dependent on U.S. corporate handouts. The island is now saddled with an overwhelming and unpayable level of public debt. Various proposals for solving the crisis are now being fought over by the Puerto Rican government, its creditors, and the Financial Oversight Board established by the U.S. Congress in 2016 to manage the crisis. But the predominant idea guiding these discussions is an austerity agenda. Austerity policies in Puerto Rico now will deepen the crisis since it will lead to declining incomes, private spending and business sales, and a diminishing tax base for servicing debt. We develop a “green growth” program for Puerto Rico as an alternative to austerity. In its essentials, our green growth plan consists of two elements: large-scale annual investments in both energy efficiency and clean renewable energy. Through these investments, low-cost, domestically-produced clean energy will steadily supplant imported fossil fuels, with the target being that by 2050, clean energy sources will have replaced fossil fuels entirely in Puerto Rico. This green growth program is capable of delivering much lower energy costs on the island, while also steadily reducing, and finally eliminating altogether, its dependence on fossil fuel imports. The green growth program will also be a major new source of job opportunities and will create widespread opportunities for small-scale ownership forms to flourish within the island’s energy sector. Major debt write-downs will be necessary to enable the green growth program to move forward at a significant scale.
The oxytocin/vasopressin receptor family has at least five members in the gnathostome lineage, including two distinct V2 subtypes
Creators: name: Daza, Daniel Ocampo
name: Lewicka, Michalina
name: Larhammar, Dan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 60102 Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Research article: The oxytocin/vasopressin receptor family has at least five members in the gnathostome lineage, including two distinct V2 subtypes Daniel Ocampo Daza*, Michalina Lewicka¹, Dan Larhammar
Department of Neuroscience, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala Universitet, Box 593, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden * Corresponding author. E-mail address: Daniel.Ocampo-Daza@neuro.uu.se
¹ Current address: Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden General and Comparative Endocrinology 175(1): 135-143
doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.10.011 Accepted October 20, 2011
E-pub October 28, 2012
Published January 1, 2012 This PDF and Supplementary material corresponds to the article as it appeared upon acceptance. Cite original work as D. Ocampo Daza, M. Lewicka and D. Larhammar. The oxytocin/vasopressin family has at least five members in the gnathostome lineage, including two distinct V2 subtypes. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 175 (1) (2012) 135-143.
Liar’s Loans, Mortgage Fraud, and the Great Recession
Creators: name: Herndon, Thomas
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2017

description: 



Losses in the market for private label residential mortgage backed securities (RMBS) were at the epicenter of the financial crisis from 2007-2009. Existing research has shown that a substantial portion of the poor performance of the loans securitized in this market was caused by fraudulent origination practices, and that these practices were misrepresented to investors who purchased securities based on these loans. However, to date no paper has estimated the effects of mortgage fraud on losses from foreclosure in this market. This paper fills this gap by 1) Accounting for total losses from foreclosure due to no/low documentation loans which were known colloquially within the industry as Liar's Loans, and 2) Estimating what portion of these losses can be considered excess from the perspective of the investor. Losses are considered excess in the sense that they were higher than the expected losses for investors, had the loan quality information disclosed to them been accurate, instead of fraudulent. I find that Liar's Loans account for roughly 70% of total losses, and 36% of losses in Liar's Loans can be considered excess. Projected to the level of the entire market, this implies that $345 billion of the $500 billion in losses from foreclosure are accounted for by Liar's Loans. Roughly $125 billion, or 25% of total market losses, can be considered excess losses caused by fraud in Liar's Loans.
A Short-Run Distributional Analysis of a Carbon Tax in the United States
Creators: name: Fremstad, Anders
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2017

description: 



This paper examines the distributional impacts of a $50 tax per ton of CO2. Using Input-Output tables we calculate the carbon intensity of goods to estimate households’ carbon footprints. Findings indicate the tax is regressive. Using the revenue to reduce taxes on labor leaves 60 percent of people worse off, while rebating the revenue in equal dividends increases welfare for 55 percent of individuals, including 84 percent in the bottom half of the distribution. Many economists have dismissed dividends on efficiency grounds, but we show that potential macroeconomic benefits of tax cuts are insufficient to protect the poor.
title: Paritätische Kinderbetreuung dank Wechselmodell?: Folge 28
Creators: name: Gather, Selma
name: Valentiner, Dana-Sophia
Publisher: name: Fachinformationsdienst für internationale und interdisziplinäre Rechtsforschung
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 340

description: In der 28. Folge von „Justitias Töchter“ sprechen die Moderatorinnen und Juristinnen Selma Gather und Dr. Dana Valentiner mit der Expertin für Familienrecht Dr. Anna Lena Göttsche über das Wechselmodell. Warum ist das Familienrecht ein feministisches Thema? Und inwiefern ist die Förderung des Wechselmodells, bei dem das Kind zu gleichen Teilen bei beiden Elternteilen lebt, aus feministischer Sicht kritisch zu beurteilen? Diese Folge wirft einen Blick auf die gelebte Realität der familiären Kinderbetreuung in Deutschland und auf die Stereotype, die dazu beitragen. Die Juristinnen diskutieren, ob und wie das Familienrecht dazu beitragen kann, verfestigte Rollenbilder aufzubrechen und wirklich zu paritätischer Kinderbetreuung beizutragen.
The Costs of Exclusion: Gender Job Segregation, Structural Change, and the Labour Share of Income
Creators: name: Seguino, Stephanie
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2017

description: 




While women’s share of employment has risen in many countries over the last two decades, they are increasingly excluded from ‘good’ jobs in the industrial sector, and gender job segregation has worsened. In this paper, the determinants of gender job segregation are assessed using panel data for a broad set of developing countries covering the period 1991-2015. The effect of gender job segregation on all workers, via the labour share of income, is also analysed. The results identify two major contributors to gender job segregation—the rising capital/labour ratio and the ratio of female/male labour force participation rates—indicative of ‘crowding’ and exclusion as economies move up the industrial ladder. The analysis further indicates that the crowding of women into lower quality jobs has a negative effect on workers as a whole by dampening the labour share of income. Those processes are influenced by global and macroeconomic conditions and policies that have circumscribed the expansion of high-quality jobs relative to labour supply, intensifying competition for ‘good’ jobs and weakening labour’s bargaining power.
Workers and Technological Change in the United States
Creators: name: Stelzner, Mark
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2017

description: 



In this paper, we put forward a theoretical framework for understanding a positive relationship between labor laws and innovation and rigorously test it against both historical and empirical data. We show how several periods in the economic history of the United States – like the increase in slave-field hand productivity in cotton picking in the Antebellum South, the transition in the North from artisanal shops to nonmechanized factories, the increase in productivity in mechanized textile factories in the Northeast in the late Antebellum period, and the increase in productivity in sharecropping after the Civil War – can be understood, at least partially, through our theoretical framework. To build further support for the framework, we empirically analyze how change in labor laws during the early twentieth century affect patent issuance by state. And we also look at how changes in worker power, as proxied by strike activity, affected patent issuance by industry between the early twentieth century and 1980.
Punishment or Forgiveness? Loan Modifications in Private Label Residential Mortgage Backed Securities from 2008-2014
Creators: name: Herndon, Thomas
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2017

description: 

I estimate the extent to which modifications of privately securitized mortgages increased or forgave debt during the Great Recession and aftermath, from 2008-2014. I find that loan modifications weakened household balance sheets by adding $20 billion to household debt, with the net amount of debt added per modification doubling from 2010-2014. I also find that the increase in debt is consistent with capitalization of fees, but not missed interest payments. Capitalization of fees is significant because it has been associated with a principal-agent problem between investors and mortgage servicers preventing efficient loss mitigation, as well as consumer financial protection abuses.
Does Greater Public Ownership in the Financial System Promote Superior Performance?: A Survey of the Literature
Creators: name: Dutt, Devika
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2017

description: 



This paper examines whether greater prevalence of government-owned banks leads to qualitatively different outcomes. By reviewing the extensive literature on government owned banks, the paper determines whether greater government participation in the financial system leads to greater financial stability, and greater provision of finance for welfare generating activities. The evidence in literature suggests that the effects of government participation in the financial system are complex and context-dependent. This paper finds that while government banks not only provide finance that privately owned banks fail to provide and finance long-term projects that contribute to the capital development of an economy, they are also a stabilizing counter-cyclical influence in the economy. However, there is evidence to show that in several instances, government- owned banks have been used by politicians for the achievement of political goals. The paper also identifies gaps in the literature on government-owned banks, and avenues for future research.
Revisiting the Gender Wage Gap in Korea: Focusing on Working Hours by Occupation
Creators: name: Lim, Nayeon
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2017

description: 



This paper explores the relationship between working hours and the residual gender wage gap in Korea. Because the labor practice of working long hours in Korea favors men, who tend to spend little time on domestic labor, long working hours can influence the residual gender wage gap by discriminating against women. We analyze this discrimination empirically using data from the wage structure parts of the Survey on Labor Conditions by Employment Types from 2009 to 2016, and find the following results. First, the returns from working long hours are not high in most occupations in Korea. Thus, long working hours in Korea could influence the residual gender wage gap through channels other than high overwork premiums in a few high-paying professional occupations. Second, we find that working hours have a positive effect on the residual gender wage gap in male-dominated occupations, but not in female-dominated ones. Thus, the labor practice of working long hours could be a primary factor explaining the large gender wage gap in Korea, where most occupations are male-dominated. Therefore, policymakers should pay more attention to working hours when addressing gender discrimination in Korean labor markets.
Neoliberal Redistributive Policy: The U.S. Net Social Wage in the 21st Century
Creators: name: Moos, Katherine A.
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018

description: 



In this paper, I examine the trends of fiscal transfers between the state and workers during 1959 - 2012 to understand the net impact of redistributive policy in the United States. This paper presents original net social wage data from and analysis based on the replication and extension of Shaikh and Tonak (2002). The paper investigates the appearance of a post-2001 variation in the net social wage data. The positive net social wage in the 21st century is the result of a combination of factors including the growth of income support, healthcare inflation, neoliberal tax reforms, and macroeconomic instability. Growing economic inequality does not appear to alter the results of the net social wage methodology.
余頃祐介_Cat-CVD a-Si:H 膜をプリカーサとした多結晶シリコン薄膜トランジスタに関する研究
Creators: name: Yogoro, Yusuke
name: 余頃祐介
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: Computer Engineering

description: Cat-CVD a-Si:H 膜をプリカーサとした多結晶シリコン 薄膜トランジスタに関する研究 余頃 祐介（松村研究室） 【はじめに】 現在、液晶ディスプレイ (LCD : Liquid Crystal Display) は、ノートパソコンから携帯電話、薄型テレビに至るまで様々な分野で実用化されている最も重要なフラットパネルディスプレイである。この LCD では、その各画素を PECVD (Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition) 法により形成されたアモルファスシリコン (a-Si:H) 膜を用いた薄膜トランジスタ (TFT : Thin Film Transistor) により駆動されている。しかし、高精細な LCD を得るためには、移動度の高い多結晶 Si を用いた TFT が必要とされている。この多結晶 Si を形成する方法としては、PECVD a-Si:H 膜をエキシマレーザアニール (ELA : Excimer Laser Annealing) する方法が検討されている。しかし、PECVD 法により堆積された a-Si:H 膜を ELA や急速熱アニール (RTA : Rapid Thermal Annealing) により結晶化させる際には、膜中の水素含有量が 10 at.% 程度と高いため、膜中の水素に起因するバブリングを防止するために、事前加熱による脱水素処理を施している。一方、Cat-CVD (Catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition) 法により作製された a-Si:H 膜は、膜中の水素含有量が 2 ～ 3 at.% 以下と少ないため ELA や RTA 処理により結晶化させる際に、脱水素処理工程を施す必要がない。よって多結晶シリコン膜を得るのに Cat-CVD a-Si:H 膜を用いることは、工程の簡略化に直結し、加熱処理による膜の劣化を防ぐことができる技術として注目されている。 【実験と結果】 Cat-CVD 装置の触媒体―基板間距離を 30 mm まで近づけて堆積することにより膜中の水素含有量が 1.3 at.% の a-Si:H 膜を得ることに成功した。図 1 には、Cat-CVD法により作製した膜中水素量が1.3 at. %ならびに2.8 at. %のa-Si:H膜に対して脱水素処理を施さずにELA処理を施して得られたpoly-Si膜における、結晶相に起因するラマン信号の半値幅、レーザエネルギー密度依存性を示す。膜中水素量が1.3 at.% の Cat-CVD 法による a-Si:H 膜を用いた場合には、PECVD 法により得られた a-Si:H 膜に脱水素処理を施した場合よりも小さい半値幅が得られた。このことから、Cat-CVD 法により得られた a-Si:H 膜をプリカーサとして用いた方が、得られる poly-Si 膜の結晶性が優れていることが明らかとなった。また、この膜を活性層に用いた TFT では 200 cm2 / Vs 以上の移動度が得られた。図２には、RTA 処理前後のラマンスペクトルを示す。すべての条件においてバブリングは観察されなかった。また、5 s という短時間加熱処理でも 300 s の場合と同様に充分結晶化がされていることが示されている。この RTA 処理により得られた poly-Si 膜を用いてボトムゲート型 TFT の作製を行い、それが動作することを確認した。 【まとめ】Cat-CVD a-Si:H 膜を用いることにより脱水素処理工程を施さずに結晶化させることが可能であり、この膜はTFT 材料として有望であることを明らかとした。 そこで、本研究ではプリカーサとして低水素含有量の Cat-CVD a-Si:H 膜を用いて、脱水素処理を施さずにELA や RTA 処理により結晶化させ、その結晶性を評価し、高移動度の TFT を作製するための基礎的検討を行った。
LSD: The Contradiction of the Psychedelic Panacea that became Public Enemy Number One of the United States of America: A Social and Cultural History from 1943-1965 and beyond.
Creators: name: Crane, Louise
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: History

description: Masters dissertation on the history of LSD research and legislation in American from 1943 to the mid 1960s.
How Structural Adjustment Programs Impact Bureaucratic Quality in Developing Countries
Creators: name: Reinsberg, Bernhard
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018

description: 



The administrative ability of the state to design and implement effective policy is an essential condition for economic development. Social scientists have long devoted attention to domestic forces underpinning state capacity, but not to the impact of the world system. A key mechanism through which this operates is the activities of Western-dominated international organizations, exerting pressure on developing countries to unleash market forces. We take on this task by examining the impact of policy reforms mandated by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) on the bureaucratic quality of its borrowing countries. To develop a nuanced account of this impact, we scrutinize the IMF’s practice of ‘conditionality’—far-reaching policy reforms borrowing countries must implement as a precondition for access to loans—which may (unintentionally) incapacitate state bureaucracies. In particular, so-called ‘structural conditions’ can exert a deleterious effect on bureaucratic quality, as they increase the risk that bureaucrats fall prey to special interests and reduce the range of policy instruments available to bureaucrats to steer the economy. We test these arguments using a new dataset on IMF conditionality from 1985 to 2014. Our analysis shows that structural conditions—and, more specifically, conditions on privatization, price deregulation, and public sector employment— reduce bureaucratic quality. Deploying a new instrumentation technique, the analysis also discounts the possibility that the relationship is driven by the Fund imposing structural conditions precisely in countries with low bureaucratic quality. These findings suggest that conditionality needs to be carefully designed so that it does not undermine local institutions.
The Global Financial Governance Architecture, Developmental Finance, and the Hirschmanian Mindset
Creators: name: Grabel, Ilene
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018

description: 



I advance three claims in the paper. The first claim is positive. The Asian and especially the global financial crisis occasioned meaningful though ad hoc, partial, and uneven discontinuities in developmental finance and financial governance architecture. The conjunction of discontinuities and continuities is imparting incoherence to the financial governance architecture and developmental finance. The second claim is normative. I hold, contrary to the common narrative, that the emergent incoherence is productive rather than debilitating. In the absence of an over-arching, coherent model of financial governance EMDEs today are experiencing a dramatic expansion in policy space and room for institutional experimentation. Especially in comparison with the stultifying coherence of the neoliberal era, EMDEs enjoy a degree of autonomy to pursue economic and human development and to introduce reforms that promote financial stability, resilience in the face of disturbances, and financial inclusion. Emergent redundancy and networks of institutional cooperation are increasing resilience. The third claim is that productive incoherence can be understood most fully within a “Hirschmanian mindset,” i.e., an understanding of social and regime change informed by Albert O. Hirschman’s key theoretical and epistemic commitments. The Hirschmanian vision that underpins the paper’s central theses recognizes that meaningful change can and should come about through the proliferation of small scale, disconnected, experimental, and incremental adjustments in institutions and practices that take root in the concrete demands facing policymakers with the capacity to adjust pragmatically to the changing circumstances and challenges they face.
From Card Sorting to Data Automation: PoolParty—A Complete Semantic Middleware
Creators: name: Blumauer, Andreas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: knowledge graph, text mining, data integration, metadata management, semantic web, linked data

description: We outline some of the core features and capabilities of PoolParty Semantic Suite along the enterprise knowledge graph life cycle (EKG-LC), which provides also a comprehensive overview of the actors and agents involved during the most important operational steps for the (ongoing) development of the graph. This ranges from data inventory, extraction and curation, modeling (authoring), various transformation steps, to linking and enrichment (e.g., inferred data), and analysis or feedback of the newly acquired data into existing database systems. The EKG-LC covers three cycles that are intertwined: the expert loop (HITL design principle), the automation loop, and the user loop. See how each of those can be managed with PoolParty! We also outline briefly why a solid foundation for the creation of high quality data graphs can only be established if sufficient time is invested in the creation and maintenance of curated taxonomies and ontologies, and how these steps can be partially automated.
A definition of the SI second based on several optical transitions
Creators: name: Lodewyck, Jérôme
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new definition of the SI second based on optical transitions is expected to be adopted within the next 10 years. Several options for this redefinition are currently under consideration. Among them, a definition based on several transitions would take advantage of the variety of high performance optical frequency standards. In this paper, we review practical aspects such a definition entails, and propose a detailed analysis of its strengths and weaknesses.
Migration, Crises and Social Transformation in India Since the 1990s
Creators: name: Rao, Smriti
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018

description: 



Since liberalization, urban migration in India has increased in quantity, but also changed in quality, with permanent marriage migration and temporary, circular employment migration rising, even as permanent economic migration remains stagnant. We understand internal migration in India to be a re-ordering of productive and reproductive labor that signifies a deep transformation of society. We argue that this transformation is a response to three overlapping crises: an agrarian crisis, an employment crisis, and a crisis of social reproduction. These are not crises for capitalist accumulation, which they enable. Rather, they make it impossible for a majority of Indians to achieve stable, rooted livelihoods.
MAIN OBJECTIVES OF PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES FOR EFL TEACHERS
Creators: name: Yusupova, Dilnavoz
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Professional development for English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers is crucial for enhancing their teaching skills and ensuring the effectiveness of language instruction. This article explores the main objectives of professional development activities for EFL teachers, emphasizing both theoretical underpinnings and practical applications. Through a blend of scholarly insights and real-world examples, the article delineates how these activities contribute to teacher growth and improved student outcomes.
Environmental Destruction in the New Economy: Offshore Finance and Mangrove Forest Clearance in Grand Cayman
Creators: name: Jurn, Katrina
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018

description: 



Mangrove forests, which provide critical ecosystem services in tropical and subtropical coastal regions around the world, are increasingly threatened, with total mangrove area declining from 18.8 million hectares to 15.2 million hectares globally between 1980 and 2005. Focusing on the mangrove wetlands of the Cayman Islands, we use GIS spatial analysis to document past trends and project future trends of mangrove clearance, and a near- exhaustive series of 57 interviews with key business and political figures as well as leaders of environmental NGOs to identify the social forces driving these trends. Analysis of the satellite images shows that mangrove loss on Grand Cayman has been dramatic and that mangroves could be extinct by 2097, with potentially dire consequences for the island’s inhabitants. The interviews indicate that the destruction of mangrove forests is primarily attributable to consumption generated by Grand Cayman’s financial sector. The demand for real estate by financial professionals employed on the island along with international investors who come to ‘visit their money’ has resulted in the mangrove forest clearance. These dynamics have persisted due to the alignment of political forces that has emerged in their defense: a state structurally-dependent on development fees for revenues and dependent for political support on landowners. To explain our findings, a political economy approach is put forward, highlighting the shortcomings of both ecological modernization and neo-Marxist theories of social impacts on the environment.
apple vs SAMUSUNG
Creators: name: Yogoro, Yusuke
name: 余頃祐介
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: アップルvsサムスン知的財産侵害訴訟事件[1]) ～FRAND宣言した標準必須特許に関するアップルとサムスンとの間の特許権侵害訴訟～ [1]) 東京地判・平成25年2月28日・平成23年（ワ）38969号
LSD: The Contradiction of the Psychedelic Panacea that became Public Enemy Number One of the United States of America: A Social History from 1943-1965 and beyond.
Creators: name: Crane, Louise
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: History

description: Masters dissertation on the history of LSD research and legislation in American from 1943 to the mid 1960s.
The Cost of Paid Sick Leave
Creators: name: Page-Hoongrajok, Amanda
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018

description: 



How much would it cost employers to offer paid sick leave to their employees and how does this compare to typical industry expenses? The answer to this question is important because more cities and states are considering legally requiring employers to provide paid sick leave. Such mandates would help provide paid sick leave to the 32% of private industry workers who currently lack access. However, if the costs imposed on employers are too burdensome and they significantly raise prices or reduce staffing to adjust, workers and consumers may suffer. We find for the subsectors examined, the cost to extend paid sick leave coverage to all workers is relatively minimal. For the restaurant and fast food industries, the sick leave cost would increase prime cost as a share of sales—an industry measure viewed as sustainable between 60 and 65%, by only 0.3 percentage points. The cost increase would amount to only 15% of average annual changes in total expenses, meaning it is well within the range of cost fluctuations businesses regularly adapt to. In general, we find the cost increase is relatively small when compared to overall expenses; it is no more than 0.5% of total operating expenses. Even if the entire cost increase is passed onto consumers in the form of increased prices, overall prices in the fast food industry would rise at most by 0.3%, meaning the price of $3.99 Big Mac goes up by one cent. Funds to cover the complete cost increase of paid sick leave could also come from shifting the allocation of resources among stakeholders within a firm. Publicly traded companies in the food and drinking industry, for example, could reduce the amount of share buybacks by 15% to completely cover the cost increase. Furthermore, a reasonable estimate of the benefits of reduced turnover indicates those costs savings alone could cover almost all of the paid sick leave cost increase.
Giovanni Arrighi in Beijing: Rethinking the Transformation of the Labor Supply in Rural China During the Reform Era
Creators: name: Qi, Hao
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018

description: 



This article uses a Marxian political economy perspective to analyze the formation of the reserve army of labor in China during the reform era, which began in 1978. Following the methodology in Giovanni Arrighi’s seminal 1970 article, we seek to show that the formation of an industrial reserve army is a historical process in which the state played an active role. The Marxian historical method is empirically more relevant than the Lewis model in understanding the surplus labor question in China.
Is It Merely A Labor Supply Shock? Impacts of Syrian Migrants on Local Economies in Turkey
Creators: name: Cengiz, Doruk
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018

description: 



We use a large and geographically varying inflow of over 2.5 million Syrian migrants in Turkey between 2012 and 2015 to study the effect of migration on local economies. We do not find adverse employment or wage effects for native-born Turkish workers overall, or those without a high school degree. These results are robust to a range of strategies to construct reliable control groups. Our analysis suggests that migration-induced increases in regional demand, capital supply, and productivity enable local labor markets to absorb inflow of migrant labor.
title: #21 Terrorismus: Reine Definitionssache?
Creators: name: Tuchtfeld, Erik
name: Lischewski, Isabel
name: Eschenhagen, Philipp
name: Schuberth, Sophie
name: Koch, Katharina
Publisher: name: Fachinformationsdienst für internationale und interdisziplinäre Rechtsforschung
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 341

description: Der 11. September 2001 hat sich im vergangenen Monat zum 21. Mal gejährt. Damit ist auch der „War on Terror“ nun gut 20 Jahre alt. Katharina beschreibt im Grundlagenteil, wie die chinesische Regierung in der autonomen Region Xinjiang den Begriff des „Terrorismus“ verwendet, um die uigurische und andere muslimischen Minderheiten zu unterdrücken. Erik spricht mit Nahed Samour über den Begriff des „Gefährders“, wer eigentlich die Kosten bei der vielzitierten Abwägung von Sicherheit und Freiheit tragen muss und inwiefern intersektionale Ansätze helfen können, Diskriminierungen zu erkennen. Wir freuen uns über Lob, Anmerkungen und Kritik an podcast@voelkerrechtsblog.org. Abonniert unseren Podcast via RSS, über Spotify oder überall dort, wo es Podcasts gibt. Hintergrundinformationen: Bundesverfassungsgericht, Beschluss vom 04. April 2006 (Rasterfahndung) Bundesverfassungsgericht, Urteil vom 24. April 2013 (Antiterrordatei) Nahed Samour, Politisches Freund-Feind-Denken im Zeitalter des Terrorismus, in: Kulick/Goldhammer (Hrsg.), Der Terrorist als Feind? Personalisierung im Polizei- und Völkerrecht, 2020 Verfassungsblog-Symposium: 9/11 und die Völkerrechtsordnung Verfassungsblog-Symposium: 9/11 und Migration, Asyl und Staatsbürgerschaft Verfassungsblog-Symposium: 9/11, Menschenwürde und die liberalen Grundwerte Moderation: Erik Tuchtfeld & Sophie Schuberth Grundlagen: Katharina Koch Interview: Dr. Nahed Samour, M.A. & Erik Tuchtfeld Schnitt: Daniela Rau Credits: Joint Congress, George W. Bush, AP Archive on Youtube, 20. September 2001 Deutscher Bundestag, Alexander Throm, 14. Januar 2021, gefunden über OpenParliament.TV Deutscher Bundestag, Jürgen Trittin, 27. Januar 2022, gefunden über OpenParliament.TV
description: Völkerrechtsblog
Community-Driven Development and Collective Action: Overcoming Clientelism, Elite Capture, and Free Riding
Creators: name: Carrick-Hagenbarth, Jessica
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018

description: 



This paper presents a case study of a World Bank community-driven development (CDD) project implemented on agrarian reform settlements in Northeastern Brazil in partnership with the Landless Workers’ Movement (MST). Critiques of community- driven development often focus on whether it is truly participatory and on common causes of project failure, such as elite capture, clientelism, and free riding. The paper uses a mixed methods approach, combining case studies of eight community-driven development subprojects, interviews with project beneficiaries, technicians, academics, and social movement leaders, and a census survey of six of the subproject-receiving communities. The paper finds that, although success in these subprojects was limited, agrarian settlement institutions and partnership with the Landless Workers’ Movement were essential for avoiding these common causes of project failure, making the project both more participatory and more effective. My findings imply a key element of community-driven development project success lies in building institutions that provide an avenue for addressing project problems and which limit the ability of elites to intervene.
Japan Link Center, DOI
Creators: name: Yogoro, Yusuke
name: 余頃祐介
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: Science Policy

description: ジャパンリンクセンター（通称：JaLC（ジャルク））
〜国際標準の識別子DOIを通じて、学術情報流通の輪に入ろう！〜
Negative Interest Rate Policy (NIRP) and the Fallacy of the Natural Rate of Interest: Why NIRP May Worsen Keynesian Unemployment
Creators: name: Palley, Thomas I.
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018

description: 



NIRP has quickly become a consensus policy within the economics establishment. This paper argues that consensus is dangerously wrong, resting on flawed theory and flawed policy assessment. Regarding theory, NIRP draws on fallacious pre-Keynesian classical economic logic that asserts there is a natural rate of interest which can ensure full employment. That pre-Keynesian logic has been augmented by ZLB economics which claims the natural rate may be negative in times of severe demand shortage, so that policy must deliver it since the market cannot. In contrast, Keynes argued investment could become saturated so lower interest rates cannot increase aggregate demand (AD) and no natural interest rate exists. Regarding policy assessment, NIRP turns a blind eye to the possibility that negative interest rates may reduce AD, cause financial fragility, create a macroeconomics of whiplash owing to contradictions between policy today and tomorrow, promote currency wars that undermine the international economy, and foster a political economy that spawns toxic politics. Worst of all, NIRP maintains and encourages the flawed model of growth, based on debt and asset price inflation, which has already done such harm.
Gaussian process interpolation with conformal prediction: methods and comparative analysis
Creators: name: Pion, Aurélien
name: Vazquez, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This article advocates the use of conformal prediction (CP) methods for Gaussian process (GP) interpolation to enhance the calibration of prediction intervals. We begin by illustrating that using a GP model with parameters selected by maximum likelihood often results in predictions that are not optimally calibrated. CP methods can adjust the prediction intervals, leading to better uncertainty quantification while maintaining the accuracy of the underlying GP model. We compare different CP variants and introduce a novel variant based on an asymmetric score. Our numerical experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of CP methods in improving calibration without compromising accuracy. This work aims to facilitate the adoption of CP methods in the GP community.
Economics and Climate Justice Activism: Assessing the Fossil Fuel Divestment Movement
Creators: name: Hansen, Tyler
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018

description: 



We present an economic analysis of fossil fuel divestment as a strategy for advancing an effective global climate stabilization project. The basic question we ask is: how effective are campaigns to force various entities to sell their fossil fuel stock holdings likely to be in driving down CO2 emissions? We conclude that divestment campaigns, considered on their own, have not been especially effective as a means of significantly reducing CO2 emissions, and they are not likely to become more effective over time. We reach this conclusion both through an analysis of the available descriptive data on global divestment patterns as well as an econometric modeling exercise that evaluates the impact of divestment events on the stock market prices of fossil fuel companies. We reach this conclusion while also recognizing that fossil fuel divestment campaigns have several important virtues. Nevertheless, we conclude that most efforts now devoted to divestment campaigns would be better spent on more direct efforts to drive down fossil fuel consumption and CO2 emissions.
Liquidity, Bank Runs, and Fire Sales Under Local Thinking
Creators: name: Bernardin, Thomas
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018

description: 



In this paper, we examine the implications on banking crises when markets are populated by agents that neglect tail risks and form expectations conditioned on a favorable subset of all possible states of the economy. We find that optimal bank liq- uidity is lower than would be the case when banks are guided by rational expectations, and, consequently, the banking system is more vulnerable to adverse shocks, which leads to bank runs. Asset pledgeability of surviving banks is also affected so that their capacity to raise external funds for purchasing assets of distressed banks is weakened. Further, we examine the case when asset returns are correlated through securitization. In this case adverse shocks will be felt uniformly across the banking sector and banks that survive with the help of a public liquidity backstop will become risk–averse and reluctant to purchase distressed assets. We also explore a government funded asset purchase program, that is implemented with an asset price target.
БАСТАКОР ВА БАХШИ АНСАТБАЙ ҚАЙРАТДИНОВ ИЖОДИЁТИНИНГ ТАЛАБАЛАР БИЛИМИНИ ШАКЛЛАНТИРИШДАГИ АҲАМИЯТИ
Creators: name: Жуманиязов, Искандер
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ushbu maqola Qoraqalpog‘iston baxshilari san’atida o‘chmas iz qoldirgan, o‘zining ajoyib kuy va qo‘shiqlari bilan qalblarimizdan joy olgan Ansatbay Qayratdinov hayoti va ijodiga bag‘ishlangan. Qoraqalpog‘istonda tahsil olayotgan musiqa ta’limining ixtisoslashgan yo‘nalishlari talabalarni o‘qitish uchun keng ko‘lamli musiqiy material hisoblanadi.
A Policy Proposal for Green Jobs in India: A Quantitative Analysis on Inclusivity of Green Jobs
Creators: name: Azad, Rohit
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018

description: 



This paper presents a green energy policy proposal, which not only has a higher employment potential but also delivers higher growth to the economy because of the increased fiscal expenditure that this pro- gram entails. Our estimates show that for every million US dollars invested in the Indian economy annually, the total number of jobs generated through our green energy program will be 197 jobs compared to only 82 jobs in the fossil fuel program. To the best of our knowledge, for the first time in the literature, this study analysed the composition of employment to reflect on the type and quality of jobs created through investments in the green energy program in India. The renew- able energy sector and the energy efficiency sector generates 216 and 161 jobs respectively per million USD of investment. The bioenergy sector is the most labour-intensive sector. Within the energy efficiency program, weatherization and building retrofits seem to be the most labour-intensive sectors. Regarding the composition of employment, the green energy program is more progressive than its fossil fuel counterpart, whether we look at it through the lens of gender, region, caste or skill. This study argues that in the long-run, building a green energy economy in India, as opposed to expanding its existing fossil-fuel dominated energy system, will generate both significant opportunities and challenges in terms of the employment effects. The opportunities exist since there will be an overall net gain of employment in the economy with the expansion of the green energy program. The challenges, then, will be to encourage and support these workplaces to become increasingly organised and formalised such that this expanding work- force benefits from better quality jobs, higher and stable earnings, and other employment benefits like health insurance, pension and enhanced social security.
title: VerfassungsPod #3: Verfassung im Krieg
Creators: name: Schlenk, Jochen
name: Steinbeis, Maximilian
Publisher: name: Fachinformationsdienst für internationale und interdisziplinäre Rechtsforschung
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 342

description: Es herrscht wieder Krieg in Europa. Deutschland ist keine Kriegspartei und will keine sein. Und doch sind die Fragen nach Landesverteidigung, Bündnisfall, Bundeswehr seit dem russischen Angriff auf die Ukraine auch in Deutschland auf ungeahnte Weise aktuell, relevant und gegenwärtig geworden. Wir vom Verfassungsblog interessieren uns für die Verfassung, und das heißt im diesem Zusammenhang: für die Wehrverfassung. Wir haben uns deshalb auf die Suche begeben nach diesem normativen Rahmen, haben wieder mit zahlreichen Expert*innen gesprochen und die Konturen der bundesdeutschen Wehrverfassung, ihre Entwicklung, ihre Lücken unter die Lupe genommen. Teil 1: Verteidigung Die ursprünglich zentrale Norm der Wehrverfassung ist Artikel 87a Grundgesetz: Der Bund stellt Streitkräfte zur Verteidigung auf, die außer zur Verteidigung nur eingesetzt werden dürfen, wenn das Grundgesetz es ausdrücklich zulässt. Was heißt „Verteidigung“? Der Begriff wirft mehr Fragen auf, als er beantwortet. Teil 2: Out of Area Praktisch war aber die längste Zeit eine andere Norm viel wichtiger, nämlich Artikel 24: Der Bund kann sich zur Wahrung des Friedens einem System gegenseitiger kollektiver Sicherheit einordnen. Auf dieser Grundlage beruht das allermeiste von dem, was militärisch passiert. Und wie, und was das bedeutet, was das erlaubt und was nicht, darum geht es in dieser Folge. Teil 3: Zeitenwende Die Grenzen, die die Verfassung dem Einsatz des Militärs zieht, sind eigentümlich diffus. Sollte das Bundesverfassungsgericht die Einsätze stärker kontrollieren? Sollte die Verfassung nur noch Einsätze erlauben, die auch völkerrechtskonform sind? Was bedeutet die EU-Integration für die deutsche Wehrverfassung? Das diskutieren wir in der letzten Folge unseres Podcasts. Unterstützen Sie uns! Um dieses Projekt auch finanziell stemmen zu können, sind wir auf Ihre Unterstützung angewiesen. Für nur 5 Euro im Monat werden Sie Mitglied in unserer Steady-Fördercommunity. Dafür bekommen Sie auch eine unserer beliebten Kaffeetassen und können mitdiskutieren und mitgestalten, wenn wir unser nächstes Podcast-Projekt anpacken. Gesprächspartner:innen: Prof. Dr. Manuel Brunner, Polizeiakademie Niedersachsen Prof. Dr. Heike Krieger, Freie Universität Berlin Prof. Dr. Thomas Kleinlein, Universität Jena PD. Dr. Christian Marxsen, Max-Planck-Institut Heidelberg Dr. Carolyn Moser, Max-Planck-Institut Heidelberg Dr. Christoph Nübel, Zentrum für Militärgeschichte und Sozialwissenschaften der Bundeswehr Prof. Dr. Marcus Payk, Helmut Schmidt Universität Hamburg Prof. Dr. Heiko Sauer, Universität Bonn Prof. Dr. Christoph Schönberger, Universität Köln
description: Verfassungsblog: On Matters Constitutional