cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Classification of Noncommutative Domain Algebras
Creators: name: Arias, Alvaro
name: Latremoliere, Frederic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47L15 (Primary) 47L63, 46L52, 32A07 (Secondary)

description: Noncommutative domain algebras are noncommutative analogues of the algebras of holomorphic functions on domains of $\C^n$ defined by holomorphic polynomials, and they generalize the noncommutative Hardy algebras. We present here a complete classification of these algebras based upon techniques inspired by multivariate complex analysis, and more specifically the classification of domains in hermitian spaces up to biholomorphic equivalence.
description: 4 Pages
Deformations of associahedra and visibility graphs
Creators: name: Devadoss, Satyan
name: Shah, Rahul
name: Shao, Xuancheng
name: Winston, Ezra
Publisher: name: Faculty of Science, University of Calgary
Year: 2012

description: Given an arbitrary simple polygon, we construct a polytopal complex analogous to the associahedron based on its convex diagonalizations. This polytopal complex is shown to be contractible, and a geometric realization is provided based on the theory of secondary polytopes.  We then reformulate a combinatorial deformation theory in terms of visibility and presents some open problems.
description: Contributions to Discrete Mathematics, Vol 7, No 1 (2012)
Multi-Algorithm Evaluation of Ship Detection Accuracy Using Synthetic Aperture Radar for the Radarsat Constellation Mission
Creators: name: Mantey, Victoria Dawn
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Radarsat Constellation Mission
subject: SAR
subject: Ship Detection
subject: Engineering

description: This study investigates a 2-stage ship detection algorithm for the SAR Radarsat Constellation Mission. The three beam modes on the RCM with the most potential for ship detection are tested using four different dual polarizations: two linear and two compact polarizations. The first stage is an intensity-based detection; five different implementations of the detection are investigated, using a combination of the likelihood ratio test and constant false alarm rate algorithms. The second stage of the detection algorithm is a decomposition stage which estimates the proportion of single-bounce, double-bounce and volume backscatter from each pixel and identifies ship pixels based on their scattering mechanisms. The combination of the intensity-based and decomposition algorithms fails to identify and remove sidelobe detections from the scenes. Therefore, a study of three possible sidelobe removal algorithms is undertaken to attempt to remove these false detections from the results. The best option identified is a refined decomposition threshold, developed in this work, to use the volume scattering information to improve the removal of sidelobe pixels. The end results are promising with the majority of extra detections removed from the scenes for all three RCM beam modes tested and fewer than one verified target per scene missed by the detections. The compact polarizations outperformed the linear polarizations for both the intensity-based and decomposition algorithms.
Canonical Quantization of Spherically Symmetric Dust Collapse
Creators: name: Vaz, Cenalo
name: Witten, Louis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum gravity effects are likely to play a crucial role in determining the outcome of gravitational collapse during its final stages. In this contribution we will outline a canonical quantization of the LeMaitre-Tolman-Bondi models, which describe the collapse of spherical, inhomogeneous, non-rotating dust. Although there are many models of gravitational collapse, this particular class of models stands out for its simplicity and the fact that both black holes and naked singularity end states may be realized on the classical level, depending on the initial conditions. We will obtain the appropriate Wheeler-DeWitt equation and then solve it exactly, after regularization on a spatial lattice. The solutions describe Hawking radiation and provide an elegant microcanonical description of black hole entropy, but they raise other questions, most importantly concerning the nature of gravity's fundamental degrees of freedom.
description: 19 pages no figures. Contribution to a festschrift in honor of Joshua N. Goldberg
List of calibration point settings for BEAST from From commensalism to parasitism within a genus-level clade of barnacles
Creators: name: Watanabe, Hiromi Kayama
name: Uyeno, Daisuke
name: Yamamori, Luna
name: Jimi, Naoto
name: Chen, Chong
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
classificationCode: 60301
subject: Animal Systematics and Taxonomy
classificationCode: 60310
subject: Plant Systematics and Taxonomy

description: Table S3: Settings of fossil calibration points for BEAST analyses (CI: Confidence Interval)
Bildung für die Zukunft in Zeiten globaler Krisen?
Creators: name: Kolleck, Nina
Publisher: name: PraxisForschungLehrer*innenBildung. Zeitschrift für Schul- und Professionsentwicklung.
Year: 2020

description: Als Konsequenz der Covid-19-Pandemie und der damit verbundenen Schulschließungen in Deutschland fordern Expert*innen aus Wissenschaft, Bildungspolitik und Bildungsverwaltung eine verstärkte Thematisierung von demokratischer und (trans)kultureller Bildung in Schulen sowie neue Strategien zur Umsetzung von Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung. Der vorliegende Beitrag wendet sich der Thematik zu und diskutiert die Relevanz der Vermittlung von Aspekten der demokratischen und (trans)kulturellen Bildung sowie der Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung zu Zeiten der globalen Pandemie sowie ein daraus resultierendes Dilemma: die Notwendigkeit von Erziehung einerseits (Erhalt der Gesellschaft) und die Unmöglichkeit von Erziehung andererseits (freie Entfaltung einer eigenen Persönlichkeit).
description: PraxisForschungLehrer*innenBildung. Zeitschrift für Schul- und Professionsentwicklung., Vol. 2 No. 6 (2020): Schulische Bildung in Zeiten der Pandemie. Befunde, Konzepte und Erfahrungen mit Blick auf Schul- und Unterrichtsorganisation, Bildungsgerechtigkeit und Lehrpraxis
Anti-β-amyloid aggregation activity of enantiomeric furolactone-type lignans from Archidendron clypearia (Jack) I.C.N.
Creators: name: Wang, Yu-Xi
name: Lin, Bin
name: Zhou, Le
name: Yan, Zhi-Yang
name: Zhang, Han
name: Huang, Xiao-Xiao
name: Song, Shao-Jiang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biophysics
Biochemistry
Pharmacology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: The phytochemical investigation on the twigs and leaves of Archidendron clypearia (Jack) I.C.N. led to the isolation of three pairs of furolactone-type lignans enantiomers, including a pair of new compounds (1R,5S,6S)-Kachiranol (1a) and (1S,5R,6R)-Kachiranol (1b) and four known compounds (2a/2b and 3a/3b). Separation of the furolactone-type lignans enantiomeric mixtures was achieved using chiral HPLC for the first time. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis and comparison between the experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. All optical pure compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on β-amyloid aggregation by ThT assay. Among them, the inhibitory activity of the compound 1b (71.1%) was higher than the positive control (61.0%) and other compounds. In addition, molecular dynamics and molecular docking were employed to explore the binding relationship between the ligand and the receptor.
2-generated Cayley digraphs on nilpotent groups have hamiltonian paths
Creators: name: Morris, Dave Witte
Publisher: name: Faculty of Science, University of Calgary
Year: 2012

description: Suppose G is a nilpotent, finite group. We show that if {a,b} is any 2-element generating set of G, then the corresponding Cayley digraph Cay(G;a,b) has a hamiltonian path. This implies that every connected, cubic Cayley graph on G has a hamiltonian path.
description: Contributions to Discrete Mathematics, Vol 7, No 1 (2012)
Didaktik und pädagogische Beziehungen in Zeiten der Pandemie
Creators: name: Steinl, Vincent
name: Vogelsaenger, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: PraxisForschungLehrer*innenBildung. Zeitschrift für Schul- und Professionsentwicklung.
Year: 2020

description: Beziehungen in der Schule sind nicht per se gute Beziehungen, nur weil sie analog sind. Beziehungen, die auf rein digitalen Kanälen eingegangen wurden, sind nicht per se schlechte Beziehungen. Analog oder digital: Entscheidend ist, mit welcher Achtsamkeit, Feinfühligkeit und Wahrung der Würde anderer miteinander umgegangen wird. Analog und digital sind aber auch die Strukturen und die didaktischen Sichtweisen wichtig, in denen Lernen und Begegnungen stattfinden. Diese können beziehungsförderlich oder beziehungsschädlich sein. Wenn Lernende von Lehrenden als Objekte und nicht als Subjekte gesehen und behandelt werden, dann entstehen schädliche Beziehungen und ein ineffektives Lernklima. Die Nutzung digitaler Medien in den Zeiten der Pandemie birgt die Chance auf demokratischere Strukturen in Lernzusammenhängen jeglicher Art. Gerade die Herausforderungen für das Lernen in der Pandemie setzen die Gestaltung gelungener pädagogischen Beziehungen voraus. Die konstruktivistische Didaktik von Kersten Reich gibt hier wichtige Impulse (Reich, 2005).
description: PraxisForschungLehrer*innenBildung. Zeitschrift für Schul- und Professionsentwicklung., Vol. 2 No. 6 (2020): Schulische Bildung in Zeiten der Pandemie. Befunde, Konzepte und Erfahrungen mit Blick auf Schul- und Unterrichtsorganisation, Bildungsgerechtigkeit und Lehrpraxis
The viscosity of quark-gluon plasma at RHIC and the LHC
Creators: name: Heinz, Ulrich W.
name: Shen, Chun
name: Song, Huichao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The specific shear viscosity (eta/s)_QGP of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) can be extracted from elliptic flow data in heavy-ion collisions by comparing them with the dynamical model VISHNU which couples a viscous fluid dynamic description of the QGP with a microscopic kinetic description of the late hadronic rescattering and freeze-out stage. A robust method for fixing (eta/s)_QGP from the collision centrality dependence of the eccentricity-scaled charged hadron elliptic flow is presented. The systematic uncertainties associated with this extraction method are discussed, with specific attention to our presently restricted knowledge of initial conditions. With the (eta/s)_QGP extracted in this way, VISHNU yields an excellent description of all soft-hadron data from Au+Au collisions at top RHIC energy. Extrapolations to Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC, using both a purely hydrodynamic approach and VISHNU, are presented and compared with recent experimental results from the ALICE Collaboration. The LHC data are again well described by VISHNU, with the same (eta/s)_QGP value as at RHIC energies.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, to appear in the AIP Conference Proceedings for PANIC11, MIT, 24-29 July, 2011
Domination Value in Graphs
Creators: name: Yi, Eunjeong
Publisher: name: Faculty of Science, University of Calgary
Year: 2012

description: A set D ⊆ V (G) is a dominating set of G if every vertex not in D is adjacent to at least one vertex in D. A dominating set of G of minimum cardinality is called a γ(G)-set. For each vertex v ∈ V (G), we define the domination value of v to be the number of γ(G)-sets to which v belongs. In this paper, we study some basic properties of the domination value function, thus initiating a local study of domination in graphs. Further, we characterize domination value for the Petersen graph, complete n-partite graphs, cycles, and paths.
description: Contributions to Discrete Mathematics, Vol 7, No 2 (2012)
Adversarial Watermarking Transformer: Towards Tracing Text Provenance with Data Hiding
Creators: name: Abdelnabi, Sahar
name: Fritz, Mario
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Recent advances in natural language generation have introduced powerful language models with high-quality output text. However, this raises concerns about the potential misuse of such models for malicious purposes. In this paper, we study natural language watermarking as a defense to help better mark and trace the provenance of text. We introduce the Adversarial Watermarking Transformer (AWT) with a jointly trained encoder-decoder and adversarial training that, given an input text and a binary message, generates an output text that is unobtrusively encoded with the given message. We further study different training and inference strategies to achieve minimal changes to the semantics and correctness of the input text. AWT is the first end-to-end model to hide data in text by automatically learning -- without ground truth -- word substitutions along with their locations in order to encode the message. We empirically show that our model is effective in largely preserving text utility and decoding the watermark while hiding its presence against adversaries. Additionally, we demonstrate that our method is robust against a range of attacks.
PhyML maximum likelihood tree of barnacles from From commensalism to parasitism within a genus-level clade of barnacles
Creators: name: Watanabe, Hiromi Kayama
name: Uyeno, Daisuke
name: Yamamori, Luna
name: Jimi, Naoto
name: Chen, Chong
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
classificationCode: 60301
subject: Animal Systematics and Taxonomy
classificationCode: 60310
subject: Plant Systematics and Taxonomy

description: Figure S1. Maximum likelihood tree of barnacles. Node values indicate maximum likelihood bootstrap value / Bayesian posterior probability. OTUs in red are two parasitic barnacles with convergently evolved ‘root’ system.
First high-resolution radio study of the Supernova Remnant G338.3-0.0 associated with the gamma-ray source HESS J1640-465
Creators: name: Castelletti, G.
name: Giacani, E.
name: Dubner, G.
name: Joshi, B. C.
name: Rao, A. Pramesh
name: Terrier, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a multifrequency radio study of the supernova remnant (SNR) G338.3-0.0, in positional coincidence with the TeV source HESS J1640-465. To carry out this research we observed the SNR G338.3-0.0 using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) at 235, 610, and 1280 MHz. We also reprocessed archival data from the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) at 1290 and 2300 MHz. Also we conducted a search for radio pulsations towards a central point-like source, using the GMRT antennas at 610 and 1280 MHz. The molecular material in the region of the SNR was investigated based on observations made with the NANTEN telescope in the 12^CO (J=1-0) emission line. The new radio observations revealed a remnant with a bilateral morphology, which at 235 MHz has the western wing completely attenuated because of absorption due to foreground ionized gas. The quality of the new images allows us to provide accurate estimates for the total radio flux density of the whole SNR at different radio frequencies. From the new and existing flux density estimates between 235 and 5000 MHz we derived for the whole remnant a spectral index alpha=-0.51 +/-0.06 with a local free-free continuum optical depth at 235 MHz tau_{235}=0.9+/-0.3. No radio pulsations were detected towards the only radio point-like source within the HESS error circle. We derived upper limits of 2.0 and 1.0 mJy at 610 and 1280 MHz, respectively, for the pulsed flux towards this source. No radio counterpart was found for the pulsar wind nebula discovered in X-rays. The inspection of the interstellar molecular gas towards G338.3-0.0 and surroundings revealed that there is not any associated dense cloud that might explain a hadronic origin for the TeV detection.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A
A continuous variant of the inverse Littlewood-Offord problem for quadratic forms
Creators: name: Nguyen, Hoi
Publisher: name: Faculty of Science, University of Calgary
Year: 2012

description: Motivated by the inverse Littlewood-Offord problem for linear forms, we study the concentration of quadratic forms. We show that if this form concentrates on a small ball with high probability, then the coefficients can be approximated by a sum of additive and algebraic structures.
description: Contributions to Discrete Mathematics, Vol 7, No 2 (2012)
AIGEN: Random Generation of Symbolic Transition Systems
Creators: name: Jacobs, Swen
name: Sakr, Mouhammad
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: AIGEN is an open source tool for the generation of tran- sition systems in a symbolic representation. To ensure diversity, it employs a uniform random sampling over the space of all Boolean functions with a given number of variables. AIGEN relies on reduced ordered binary decision diagrams (ROBDDs) and canonical disjunctive normal form (CDNF) as canonical representations that allow us to enumerate Boolean functions, in the former case with an encoding that is inspired by data structures used to implement ROBDDs. Several parameters allow the user to restrict generation to Boolean functions or transition systems with certain properties, which are then output in AIGER format. We report on the use of AIGEN to generate random benchmark problems for the reactive synthesis competition SYNTCOMP 2019, and present a comparison of the two encodings with respect to time and memory efficiency in practice.
Thermal Conductivity and Specific Heat of the Spin-Ice Compound Dy$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$: Experimental Evidence for Monopole Heat Transport
Creators: name: Kolland, G.
name: Breunig, O.
name: Valldor, M.
name: Hiertz, M.
name: Frielingsdorf, J.
name: Lorenz, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Elementary excitations in the spin-ice compound Dy$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$ can be described as magnetic monopoles propagating independently within the pyrochlore lattice formed by magnetic Dy ions. We studied the magnetic-field dependence of the thermal conductivity κ(B) for B || [001] and observe clear evidence for magnetic heat transport originating from the monopole excitations. The magnetic contribution κ_{mag} is strongly field-dependent and correlates with the magnetization M(B). The diffusion coefficient obtained from the ratio of κ_{mag} and the magnetic specific heat is strongly enhanced below 1 K indicating a high mobility of the monopole excitations in the spin-ice state.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Entwicklung von Selbstlern- und Medienkompetenz im Homeschooling – Chancen und konzeptionelle Anforderungen
Creators: name: Gerhardts, Lara
name: Kamin, Anna-Maria
name: Meister, Dorothee M.
name: Richter, Lea
name: Teichert, Jeannine
Publisher: name: PraxisForschungLehrer*innenBildung. Zeitschrift für Schul- und Professionsentwicklung.
Year: 2020

description: Schüler*innen, Lehrkräfte und Eltern sehen sich durch die pandemiebedingten schulischen Veränderungen vor neue Herausforderungen gestellt: Gesamte Klassenverbände müssen (plötzlich) im Homeschooling unterrichtet werden. Das bedeutet für Lehrkräfte und Schüler*innen eine Umstrukturierung und ein Neudenken des Unterrichts und für Eltern eine erhebliche Mehrbelastung bei der Koordination des Familienalltags. Im Homeschooling verlagern sich Aufgaben, die traditionell der Schule zugeschrieben werden, auf das häusliche Lernumfeld. Zudem werden digitale Medien verstärkt für die Bearbeitung schulischer Aufgaben genutzt. Unter den aktuellen Bedingungen stellen die beiden Kompetenzbereiche Medien- und Selbstlernkompetenz für Schüler*innen deshalb wichtige Schlüsselqualifikationen zur Bewältigung des schulischen Alltags dar. Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, wie sich die Selbstlern- und Medienkompetenz von Schüler*innen während der Corona-Pandemie im häuslichen Kontext weiterentwickelt haben. Mittels eines kontaktlosen Erhebungsverfahrens, das Lerntagebücher und telefonische Interviews umfasste, wurde die Sicht von Schüler*innen und ihren Eltern erfasst. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass verschiedene Faktoren das häusliche Lernen erschweren. Das Homeschooling erfordert weitreichende Selbstständigkeit und Eigenorganisation der Schüler*innen, um den schulischen Alltag strukturieren und bewältigen zu können. Es werden wichtige Handlungsbedarfe festgehalten, die die Relevanz einer Anpassung der Rahmenbedingungen an die Häuslichkeit verdeutlichen.
description: PraxisForschungLehrer*innenBildung. Zeitschrift für Schul- und Professionsentwicklung., Vol. 2 No. 6 (2020): Schulische Bildung in Zeiten der Pandemie. Befunde, Konzepte und Erfahrungen mit Blick auf Schul- und Unterrichtsorganisation, Bildungsgerechtigkeit und Lehrpraxis
Diamonds in cratonic and orogenic settings : a study of Jericho and Wawa diamonds
Creators: name: De Stefano, Andrea
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Diamonds can form in a number of different ways. Physical and chemical properties of diamonds classify them as formed below cratons (xenocrystal cratonic) or in a subducting slab followed by rapid exhumation (orogenic). I studied diamonds from a cratonic (Jericho kimberlite, Nunavut) and a synorogenic (calc-alkaline lamprophyres of Wawa, Ontario) setting to reconstruct the process of diamond formation. Diamonds from these two locations have been analysed for their morphology, nitrogen content and aggregation, cathodoluminescence, composition of mineral inclusions, and stable carbon isotopes. In addition, fluorescence and stable nitrogen isotopes were studied in Wawa diamonds. Mineral inclusions in Jericho diamonds were compared with diamondiferous and non-diamondiferous eclogitic Jericho xenoliths with respect to major and trace element compositions. The majority of Jericho diamonds belong to “eclogitic” (90% of the studied samples) and “websteritic” (7%) assemblages. The Jericho diamonds differ from “eclogitic” diamonds worldwide in magnesian compositions of associated minerals and extremely light C isotopic compositions (δ¹³C = -24 to -41‰). We propose that metasomatism triggered by H₂O fluids may have been involved in the diamond formation. The model is supported by the general similarity of mineral compositions in diamondiferous eclogites to those in diamond inclusions and to secondary magnesian garnet and clinopyroxene in recrystallized barren eclogites. The ultimate products of the metasomatism could be “websteritic” diamond assemblages sourced from magnesian eclogites. Wawa diamonds show the following features typical for a cratonic origin: 1) weakly resorbed, octahedral morphology; 2) Low N content; 3) high N aggregation state; 4) the mantle signature of carbon isotopes. Other characteristics of the Wawa diamonds suggest a subduction-related origin, i.e. 1) the presence of peridotitic and eclogitic minerals within single diamonds in a mixed paragenesis also combining shallow and deep phases, 2) the crustal signature of nitrogen isotopes. The most viable model to explain the origin of Wawa diamonds involves early subduction of crustal carbon and nitrogen followed by the carbon-bearing mantle metasomatism and advection of the diamondiferous mantle to the shallow depth of the lamprophyre magmagenesis.
List of primers from From commensalism to parasitism within a genus-level clade of barnacles
Creators: name: Watanabe, Hiromi Kayama
name: Uyeno, Daisuke
name: Yamamori, Luna
name: Jimi, Naoto
name: Chen, Chong
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
classificationCode: 60301
subject: Animal Systematics and Taxonomy
classificationCode: 60310
subject: Plant Systematics and Taxonomy

description: Table S1. Primers used in this study.
Frobenius partition theoretic interpretations of some basic series identities
Creators: name: Sood, Garima
name: Agarwal, Ashok
Publisher: name: Faculty of Science, University of Calgary
Year: 2012

description: Using generalized Frobenius partitions we interpret five basic series identities of Rogers combinatorially.  This extends the recent work of Goyal and Agarwal and yields five new 3-way combinatorial identities.
description: Contributions to Discrete Mathematics, Vol 7, No 2 (2012)
Interactive example-palettes for discrete element texture synthesis
Creators: name: Davison, Timothy
name: Samavati, Faramarz
name: Jacob, Christian
Publisher: name: Science
Year: 2018
Subjects: discrete element texture synthesis
sketch-based

description: Textures composed of individual discrete elements are found in everything from human-made glass-tilings to forests and tropical coral. Previous work in discrete element texture synthesis has been limited to synthesizing scenes composed of one discrete element texture. We propose an interactive sketch-based system for synthesizing scenes composed of many discrete element textures. Our main idea is an example-palette, where a user can use our sketch-based tools to create and combine discrete element textures before painting them into a scene. Our interactive sketch-based tools use a new and fast region-growing algorithm that iteratively synthesizes new elements derived from the example-palette. We demonstrate the application of our system for building virtual worlds (such as for video games) and sketch-based modeling. We achieve results that are not possible with state-of-the-art techniques.
Osiris: Automated Discovery of Microarchitectural Side Channels
Creators: name: Weber, Daniel
name: Ibrahim, Ahmad
name: Nemati, Hamed
name: Schwarz, Michael
name: Rossow, Christian
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: In the last years, a series of side channels have been discovered on CPUs. These side channels have been used in powerful attacks, e.g., on cryptographic implementations, or as building blocks in transient-execution attacks such as Spectre or Meltdown. However, in many cases, discovering side channels is still a tedious manual process. In this paper, we present Osiris, a fuzzing-based framework to automatically discover microarchitectural side channels. Based on a machine-readable specification of a CPU's ISA, Osiris generates instruction-sequence triples and automatically tests whether they form a timing-based side channel. Furthermore, Osiris evaluates their usability as a side channel in transient-execution attacks, i.e., as the microarchitectural encoding for attacks like Spectre. In total, we discover four novel timing-based side channels on Intel and AMD CPUs. Based on these side channels, we demonstrate exploitation in three case studies. We show that our microarchitectural KASLR break using non-temporal loads, FlushConflict, even works on the new Intel Ice Lake and Comet Lake microarchitectures. We present a cross-core cross-VM covert channel that is not relying on the memory subsystem and transmits up to 1 kbit/s. We demonstrate this channel on the AWS cloud, showing that it is stealthy and noise resistant. Finally, we demonstrate Stream+Reload, a covert channel for transient-execution attacks that, on average, allows leaking 7.83 bytes within a transient window, improving state-of-the-art attacks that only leak up to 3 bytes.
A quantum hydrodynamics approach to the formation of new types of waves in polarized two-dimension systems of charged and neutral particles
Creators: name: Andreev, P. A.
name: Kuzmenkov, L. S.
name: Trukhanova, M. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we explicate a method of quantum hydrodynamics (QHD) for the study of the quantum evolution of a system of polarized particles. Though we focused primarily on the two-dimension physical systems, the method is valid for three-dimension and one-dimension systems too. The presented method is based upon the Schrödinger equation. Fundamental QHD equations for charged and neutral particles were derived from the many-particle microscopic Schrödinger equation. The fact that particles possess the electric dipole moment (EDM) was taken into account. The explicated QHD approach was used to study dispersion characteristics of various physical systems. We analyzed dispersion of waves in a two-dimension (2D) ion and hole gas placed into an external electric field which is orthogonal to the gas plane. Elementary excitations in a system of neutral polarized particles were studied for 1D, 2D and 3D cases. The polarization dynamics in systems of both neutral and charged particles is shown to cause formation of a new type of waves as well as changes in the dispersion characteristics of already known waves. We also analyzed wave dispersion in 2D exciton systems, in 2D electron-ion plasma and 2D electron-hole plasma. Generation of waves in 3D system neutral particles with EDM by means of the beam of electrons and neutral polarized particles is investigated.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures
Tournaments with kernels by monochromatic paths
Creators: name: Galeana-Sánchez, Hortensia
name: O'Reilly-Regueiro, Eugenia
Publisher: name: Faculty of Science, University of Calgary
Year: 2012

description: In this paper we prove the existence of kernels by monochromatic paths in m-coloured tournaments in which every cyclic tournament of order 3 is atmost 2-coloured in addition to other restrictions on the colouring ofcertain subdigraphs. We point out that in all previous results on kernelsby monochromatic paths in arc coloured tournaments, certain smallsubstructures are required to be monochromatic or monochromatic with atmost one exception, whereas here we allow up to three colours in two smallsubstructures.
description: Contributions to Discrete Mathematics, Vol 7, No 2 (2012)
Bildungsbenachteiligung im Ausnahmezustand
Creators: name: Frohn, Julia
Publisher: name: PraxisForschungLehrer*innenBildung. Zeitschrift für Schul- und Professionsentwicklung.
Year: 2020

description: Die Corona-Pandemie scheint, so der bisherige gesellschaftliche und wissenschaftliche Konsens, zur Verschärfung von Bildungsungleichheit beizutragen. Dabei ist bisher wenig darüber bekannt, wie die konkreten Bedingungen und Konsequenzen des Distanzlernens bestehende Benachteiligungsmechanismen verstärken. Dieser Beitrag zielt auf die Beantwortung der Frage, wie Bildungsbenachteiligungen von Schüler*innen in sozioökonomisch benachteiligter Lage durch die Pandemiesituation verschärft werden, um auf dieser Grundlage Impulse für beispielhaftes Lehrkräftehandeln zu geben. Zur Bearbeitung dieser Frage wurden Interviews mit Lehrkräften in sozioökonomisch benachteiligten (N = 12) sowie in privilegierten Settings (N = 4) geführt, transkribiert und inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet. Die Daten wurden unter Bezugnahme auf Pierre Bourdieus Kapitaltheorie kategorisiert, um die empirischen Ergebnisse zu systematisieren und zu reflektieren. Abschließend werden anhand eines Fallbeispiels aus dem Interviewmaterial Handlungsoptionen aufgezeigt, die einer möglichen Verschärfung von Bildungsbenachteiligung entgegenwirken können.
description: PraxisForschungLehrer*innenBildung. Zeitschrift für Schul- und Professionsentwicklung., Vol. 2 No. 6 (2020): Schulische Bildung in Zeiten der Pandemie. Befunde, Konzepte und Erfahrungen mit Blick auf Schul- und Unterrichtsorganisation, Bildungsgerechtigkeit und Lehrpraxis
Chemical composition and antioxidant capacity of extracts from the whole berry, pulp and seed of Hippophae¨ rhamnoides ssp. yunnanensis
Creators: name: Shi, Longkai
name: Zheng, Li
name: Zhao, Chenwei
name: Jin, Qingzhe
name: Wang, Xingguo
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: In the present study, profiles of fatty acid, sn-2 fatty acid, triglyceride, phytochemical (including tocopherol/tocotrienol, phytosterol, flavonoid, carotenoid and polyphenol) and antioxidant capacity of extracts from the whole berry, pulp and seed of Hippophae¨ rhamnoides ssp. yunnanensis were investigated and compared. The distributions of fatty acid, sn-2 fatty acid and triglyceride that was identified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) showed obvious differences among the different parts of the ssp. yunnanensis. The whole berry and pulp extracts exhibited high flavonoid, carotenoid and polyphenol contents, whereas, the seed portion expressed high tocopherol/tocotrienol and phytosterol concentrations. Results deduced from this study demonstrated that ssp. yunnanensis is a rich source of unsaturated fatty acid and bioactive minor component, which should be further developed and utilized by breeders and planters.
Antichains and counterpoint dichotomies
Creators: name: Agustin-Aquino, Octavio Alberto
Publisher: name: Faculty of Science, University of Calgary
Year: 2012

description: We construct a special type of antichain (i. e., a family of subsets of a set, such that no subset is contained in another) using group-theoretical considerations, and obtain an upper bound on the cardinality of such an antichain. We apply the result to bound the number of strong counterpoint dichotomies up to affine isomorphisms.
description: Contributions to Discrete Mathematics, Vol 7, No 2 (2012)
Kaon experiments at CERN: NA48 and NA62
Creators: name: Goudzovski, Evgueni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Searches for violation of lepton flavour universality and lepton number conservation in kaon decays by the NA62 and NA48/2 experiments at CERN, status and future plans of the CERN kaon programme are presented. A precision measurement of the helicity-suppressed ratio $R_K$ of the $K^\pm\to e^\pmν$ and $K^\pm\toμ^\pmν$ decay rates has been performed using the full data set collected by the NA62 experiment in 2007--2008. The result is $R_K=(2.488\pm0.010)\times10^{-5}$, in agreement with the Standard Model expectation. An improved upper limit on the rate of the lepton number violating $K^\pm\toπ^\mpμ^\pmμ^\pm$ decay from the NA48/2 experiment (2003--2004 data set) is presented. Finally, the NA62 project aiming at a measurement of the branching ratio of the ultra-rare decay $K^+\toπ^+ν\barν$ at 10% precision is discussed.
description: Talk given at PhiPsi 2011 conference (Novosibirsk, Russia, September 2011). To be published in Nucl.Phys.B Proc.Supp
Exploring Authentication for Security-Sensitive Tasks on Smart Home Voice Assistants
Creators: name: Ponticello, Alexander
name: Fassl, Matthias
name: Krombholz, Katharina
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Smart home assistants such as Amazon Alexa and Google Home are primarily used for day-to-day tasks like checking the weather or controlling other IoT devices. Security-sensitive use cases such as online banking and voice-controlled door locks are already available and are expected to become more popular in the future. However, the current state-of-the-art authentication for smart home assistants consists of users saying low-security PINs aloud, which does not meet the security requirements of security-sensitive tasks. Therefore, we explore the design space for future authentication mechanisms. We conducted semi-structured interviews with N = 16 Alexa-users incorporating four high-risk scenarios. Using these scenarios, we explored perceived risks, mitigation strategies, and design-aspects to create secure experiences. Among other things, we found that participants are primarily concerned about eavesdropping bystanders, do not trust voice-based PINs, and would prefer trustworthy voice recognition. Our results also suggest that they have context-dependent (location and bystanders) requirements for smart home assistant authentication. Based on our findings, we construct design recommendations to inform the design of future authentication mechanisms.
Algorithms for classifying regular polytopes with a fixed automorphism group
Creators: name: Leemans, Dimitri
name: Mixer, Mark
Publisher: name: Faculty of Science, University of Calgary
Year: 2012

description: In this paper, various algorithms used in the classifications of regular polytopes for given groups are compared.  First computational times and memory usages are analyzed for the original algorithm used in one of these classifications.  Second, a possible algorithm for isomorphism testing among polytopes is suggested.  Then, two improved algorithms are compared, and finally, results are given for a new classification of all regular polytopes for certain alternating groups and for the sporadic group $Co_3$.
description: Contributions to Discrete Mathematics, Vol 7, No 2 (2012)
Unterricht während der Corona-Pandemie
Creators: name: Unger, Valentin
name: Krämer, Yoka
name: Wacker, Albrecht
Publisher: name: PraxisForschungLehrer*innenBildung. Zeitschrift für Schul- und Professionsentwicklung.
Year: 2020

description: Im März 2020 wurden infolge der Corona-Pandemie die Schulen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland geschlossen, und die Beschulung wurde als „Fernunterricht“ fortgeführt. In diesem Beitrag werden die Daten aus zwei Studien (Nordrhein-Westfalen und Baden-Württemberg) zusammengeführt, in denen zusammen N = 320 Schüler*innen zu ihrer Sicht auf den Fernunterricht befragt wurden. Die Ergebnisse aus beiden Studien benennen verschiedene Vor- und Nachteile des Fernunterrichts und verweisen – trotz einiger Diskrepanzen zwischen den Studien – insgesamt auf eine teils (zu) hohe Varianz in den Kommunikationswegen sowie eine hohe Belastung der Schüler*innen im Fernunterricht. Entgegen der öffentlichen Diskussion ergeben sich aus den Datensätzen beider Studien Hinweise darauf, dass mehrheitlich eine Ausstattung mit digitalen Endgeräten vorhanden ist. Aus den Daten der NRW-Studie lassen sich zudem erste vorsichtige Hinweise auf den Zusammenhang zwischen dem sozioökonomischen Status der Schüler*innen und dem Erfolg des Fernunterrichts ableiten, die weiteren Forschungsbedarf hinsichtlich der Bildungsbenachteiligung im Fernunterricht generieren.
description: PraxisForschungLehrer*innenBildung. Zeitschrift für Schul- und Professionsentwicklung., Vol. 2 No. 6 (2020): Schulische Bildung in Zeiten der Pandemie. Befunde, Konzepte und Erfahrungen mit Blick auf Schul- und Unterrichtsorganisation, Bildungsgerechtigkeit und Lehrpraxis
Beherztes körperliches Eingreifen und der Wert von Berührung im schulischen Kontext
Creators: name: Siebert, Matthias
Publisher: name: PraxisForschungLehrer*innenBildung. Zeitschrift für Schul- und Professionsentwicklung.
Year: 2020

description: Die Corona-Pandemie rückt Themen ins Bewusstsein und eröffnet neue Dimensionen. Dies gilt auch für das Phänomen der Berührung im schulischen Kontext. Seit 2013 wird ein auf persönlichen Erfahrungen aufbauender Workshop angeboten, der pädagogischen Fachkräften Handlungssicherheit für den Umgang mit Lernenden bieten soll. Durch verschiedene Perspektiven wird verdeutlicht, dass es ein generelles Berührungsverbot im schulischen Kontext nicht geben kann. Es gibt verschiedene Berührungssituationen im Kontext von Schule, die differenziert betrachtet werden sollten. Berührung ist verboten, unpassend, grenzüberschreitend, haltgebend, unterstützend, förderlich, notwendig, erforderlich, unausweichlich und/oder vorgeschrieben. Die Sensibilisierung für dieses Thema ermöglicht Handlungspotenziale, die zu einer professionellen Beziehungsgestaltung und Persönlichkeitsentwicklung von Schüler*innen beitragen können. Insbesondere nach der Corona-Pandemie wird es wichtig sein, Berührung ohne Angst, sich oder andere anzustecken, erlebbar zu machen. Schule kann zu einer gesellschaftlichen Krisenbewältigung ihren Beitrag leisten. Lernen auf Distanz und die notwendigen Digitalisierungsbestrebungen müssen den Wert der körperlichen Präsenz für Lernen und Beziehung berücksichtigen – auch, um etwas gegen eine drohende Berührungsarmut, Vereinzelung, Entmenschlichung und Einsamkeit zu unternehmen.
description: PraxisForschungLehrer*innenBildung. Zeitschrift für Schul- und Professionsentwicklung., Vol. 2 No. 6 (2020): Schulische Bildung in Zeiten der Pandemie. Befunde, Konzepte und Erfahrungen mit Blick auf Schul- und Unterrichtsorganisation, Bildungsgerechtigkeit und Lehrpraxis
MLCapsule: Guarded Offline Deployment of Machine Learning as a Service
Creators: name: Hanzlik, Lucjan
name: Zhang, Yang
name: Grosse, Kathrin
name: Salem, Ahmed
name: Augustin, Maximilian
name: Backes, Michael
name: Fritz, Mario
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) is a popular and convenient way to access a trained machine learning (ML) model trough an API. However, if the user's input is sensitive, sending it to the server is not an option. Equally, the service provider does not want to share the model by sending it to the client for protecting its intellectual property and pay-per-query business model. As a solution, we propose MLCapsule, a guarded offline deployment of MLaaS. MLCapsule executes the machine learning model locally on the user's client and therefore the data never leaves the client. Meanwhile, we show that MLCapsule is able to offer the service provider the same level of control and security of its model as the commonly used server-side execution. Beyond protecting against direct model access, we demonstrate that MLCapsule allows for implementing defenses against advanced attacks on machine learning models such as model stealing, reverse engineering and membership inference.
Emotionales Erleben von Eltern im Fernunterricht
Creators: name: Porsch, Raphaela
name: Porsch, Torsten
Publisher: name: PraxisForschungLehrer*innenBildung. Zeitschrift für Schul- und Professionsentwicklung.
Year: 2020

description: In diesem Beitrag wird die temporäre und unfreiwillige Situation des Fernunterrichts wegen der Schließung von Schulen aufgrund der Coro­navirus-Pandemie hinsichtlich seiner Ausgestaltung und des Erlebens von Eltern beleuchtet. Auf Grundlage einer Online-Befragung mit 3.995 Müttern und Vätern von Grundschulkindern soll im Besonderen der Frage nachgegangen werden, inwieweit Unterschiede im emotionalen Erleben beim Fernunterricht durch das berufliche didaktische Wissen und die Arbeitssituation der Eltern erklärt werden können. Dazu wurden vier Gruppen von Eltern vor ihrem beruflichen Hintergrund betrachtet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass insbesondere Eltern, die als Lehrkräfte tätig sind, sich geringer beansprucht fühlen, weniger ängstlich sind und deutlich begeisterterer sind, ihre Kinder zuhause beim Lernen zu begleiten. Mit Blick auf diese Ergebnisse wird abschließend diskutiert, wie Eltern-Lehrer*innen-Beziehungen in Zukunft pädagogisch günstig für den Lernerfolg der Schüler*innen ausgestaltet werden können und welche Funktion dabei erweiterte hybride Unterrichtskonzepte erfüllen.
description: PraxisForschungLehrer*innenBildung. Zeitschrift für Schul- und Professionsentwicklung., Vol. 2 No. 6 (2020): Schulische Bildung in Zeiten der Pandemie. Befunde, Konzepte und Erfahrungen mit Blick auf Schul- und Unterrichtsorganisation, Bildungsgerechtigkeit und Lehrpraxis
Distinguishing homomorphisms of infinite graphs
Creators: name: Bonato, Anthony
name: Delić, Dejan
Publisher: name: Faculty of Science, University of Calgary
Year: 2012

description: We supply an upper bound on the distinguishing chromatic number of certain infinite graphs satisfying an adjacency property. Distinguishing proper $n$-colourings are generalized to the new notion of distinguishing homomorphisms. We prove that if a graph $G$ satisfies the connected existentially closed property and admits a homomorphism to $H$, then it admits continuum-many distinguishing homomorphisms from $G$ to $H$ join $K_2.$ Applications are given to a family universal $H$-colourable graphs, for $H$ a finite core.
description: Contributions to Discrete Mathematics, Vol 7, No 2 (2012)
A Large-Scale Interview Study on Information Security in and Attacks against Small and Medium-sized Enterprises
Creators: name: Huaman, Nicolas
name: von Skarczinski, Bennet
name: Dominik.Wermke
name: Stransky, Christian
name: Acar, Yasemin
name: Dreißigacker, Arne
name: Fahl, Sascha
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Cybercrime is on the rise. Attacks by hackers, organized crime and nation-state adversaries are an economic threat for companies world-wide. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have increasingly become victims of cyberattacks in recent years. SMEs often lack the awareness and resources to deploy extensive information security measures. However, the health of SMEs is critical for society: For example, in Germany, 38.8% of all employees work in SMEs, which contributed 31.9% of the German annual gross domestic product in 2018. Many guidelines and recommendations encourage companies to invest more into their information security measures. However, there is a lack of understanding of the adoption of security measures in SMEs, their risk perception with regards to cybercrime and their experiences with cyberattacks. To address this gap in research, we performed 5,000 computer-assisted telephone-interviews (CATIs) with representatives of SMEs in Germany. We report on their experiences with cybercrime, management of information security and risk perception. We present and discuss empirical results of the adoption of both technical and organizational security measures and risk awareness in SMEs. We find that many technical security measures and basic awareness have been deployed in the majority of companies. We uncover differences in reporting cybercrime incidences for SMEs based on their industry sector, company size and security awareness. We conclude our work with a discussion of recommendations for future research, industry and policy makers.
Schule ohne Schule – Perspektiven von Eltern und Lernbegleiter*innen
Creators: name: Langner, Anke
Publisher: name: PraxisForschungLehrer*innenBildung. Zeitschrift für Schul- und Professionsentwicklung.
Year: 2020

description: Das Lernen während des Lockdowns stellt für Schüler*innen, Eltern und Lehrer*innen eine Herausforderung dar. Anhand von Interviews mit Lernbegleiter*innen und Eltern, die zur Schulgemeinschaft des Schulversuchs „Universitätsschule Dresden“ gehören, werden Herausforderungen, aber auch Ressourcen dieser Schulschließungen skizziert. Dies ist der Ausgangspunkt, um das Verhältnis von Digitalisierung und Bildungsprozessen näher zu betrachten, wie auch, um die Umsetzungsmöglichkeiten durch den bzw. die Lehrer*in eines begleiteten und kooperativen Lernprozesses zu untersuchen. Auf der Basis dieser Erkenntnisse werden notwendige Ableitungen für den schulischen Bildungsprozess diskutiert.Schulversuch Universitätsschule Dresden, Elternperspektive, Lernen unter Pandemiebedingungen, Lehrer*innenperspektive, digital gestütztes Lernen, Kooperation, Bildungsgerechtigkeit
description: PraxisForschungLehrer*innenBildung. Zeitschrift für Schul- und Professionsentwicklung., Vol. 2 No. 6 (2020): Schulische Bildung in Zeiten der Pandemie. Befunde, Konzepte und Erfahrungen mit Blick auf Schul- und Unterrichtsorganisation, Bildungsgerechtigkeit und Lehrpraxis