cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Navigating WebAI: Training Agents to Complete Web Tasks with Large Language Models and Reinforcement Learning
Creators: name: Thil, Lucas-Andreï
name: Popa, Mirela
name: Spanakis, Gerasimos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.7; I.2.8; I.2.1
subject: 68T07

description: Recent advancements in language models have demonstrated remarkable improvements in various natural language processing (NLP) tasks such as web navigation. Supervised learning (SL) approaches have achieved impressive performance while utilizing significantly less training data compared to previous methods. However, these SL-based models fall short when compared to reinforcement learning (RL) approaches, which have shown superior results. In this paper, we propose a novel approach that combines SL and RL techniques over the MiniWoB benchmark to leverage the strengths of both methods. We also address a critical limitation in previous models' understanding of HTML content, revealing a tendency to memorize target elements rather than comprehend the underlying structure. To rectify this, we propose methods to enhance true understanding and present a new baseline of results. Our experiments demonstrate that our approach outperforms previous SL methods on certain tasks using less data and narrows the performance gap with RL models, achieving 43.58\% average accuracy in SL and 36.69\% when combined with a multimodal RL approach. This study sets a new direction for future web navigation and offers insights into the limitations and potential of language modeling for computer tasks.
description: ACM 2024, Avila Spain. 9 pages
Length and torsion dependence of thermal conductivity in twisted graphene nanoribbons
Creators: name: Fonseca, Alexandre F.
name: Pereira, Luiz Felipe C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Research on the physical properties of materials at the nanoscale is crucial for the development of breakthrough nanotechnologies. One of the key properties to consider is the ability to conduct heat, i.e., its thermal conductivity. Graphene is a remarkable nanostructure with exceptional physical properties, including one of the highest thermal conductivities (TC) ever measured. Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) share most fundamental properties with graphene, with the added benefit of having a controllable electronic bandgap. One method to achieve such control is by twisting the GNR, which can tailor its electronic properties, as well as change their TC. Here, we revisit the dependence of the TC of twisted GNRs (TGNRs) on the number of applied turns to the GNR by calculating more precise and mathematically well defined geometric parameters related to the TGNR shape, namely, its twist and writhe. We show that the dependence of the TC on twist is not a simple function of the number of turns initially applied to a straight GNR. In fact, we show that the TC of TGNRs requires at least two parameters to be properly described. Our conclusions are supported by atomistic molecular dynamics simulations to obtain the TC of suspended TGNRs prepared under different values of initially applied turns and different sizes of their suspended part. Among possible choices of parameter pairs, we show that TC can be appropriately described by the initial number of turns and the initial twist density of the TGNRs.
description: 25 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables
Ulrich_et_al_SLAN_Pruritus_20181119_European_Journal_of_Inflammation_supplementary_data – Supplemental material for No significant relation of proinflammatory slanDCs with uremic pruritus
Creators: name: Ulrich, Christof
name: Leonhardt, Anja
name: Bogusz Trojanowicz
name: Seibert, Eric
name: Fiedler, Roman
name: Girndt, Matthias
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 111702 Aged Health Care
subject: 111403 Paediatrics
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111599 Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110203 Respiratory Diseases
subject: 70706 Veterinary Medicine
subject: FOS: Veterinary sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplemental material, Ulrich_et_al_SLAN_Pruritus_20181119_European_Journal_of_Inflammation_supplementary_data for No significant relation of proinflammatory slanDCs with uremic pruritus by Christof Ulrich, Anja Leonhardt, Bogusz Trojanowicz, Eric Seibert, Roman Fiedler and Matthias Girndt in European Journal of Inflammation
Aluminum nuclear demagnetization refrigerator for powerful continuous cooling
Creators: name: Raba, Matthias
name: Triqueneaux, Sébastien
name: Butterworth, James
name: Schmoranzer, David
name: Barria, Emilio
name: Debray, Jérôme
name: Donnier-Valentin, Guillaume
name: Gandit, Thibaut
name: Gerardin, Anne
name: Goupy, Johannes
name: Tissot, Olivier
name: Collin, Eddy
name: Fefferman, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many laboratories routinely cool samples to 10 mK, but relatively few can cool condensed matter below 1 mK. Easy access to the microkelvin range would propel fields such as quantum sensors and quantum materials. Such temperatures are achieved with adiabatic nuclear demagnetization. Existing nuclear demagnetization refrigerators (NDR) are ``single-shot'', and the recycling time is incompatible with some sub-mK experiments. Furthermore, a high cooling power is required to overcome the excess heat load of order nW on NDR pre-cooled by cryogen-free dilution refrigerators. We report the performance of an aluminum NDR designed for powerful cooling when part of a dual stage continuous NDR (CNDR). Its thermal resistance is minimized to maximize the cycling rate of the CNDR and consequently its cooling power. At the same time, its susceptibility to eddy current heating is minimized. A CNDR based on two of the aluminum NDR presented here would achieve a cooling power of approximately 40 nW at 560 $μ$K less than six days after cooling from room temperature, with a small offset in electronic temperature that decreases as the time-dependent heat load decays.
Supplementary_Material_xyz386656d9e5cda – Supplemental material for Genetic Diversity and Prediction Analysis of Small Isolated Giant Panda Populations After Release of Individuals
Creators: name: Dai, Qin-Long
name: Li, Jian-Wei
name: Yang, Yi
name: Li, Min
name: Zhang, Kan
name: He, Liu-Yang
name: Zhang, Jun
name: Tang, Bo
name: Liu, Hui-Ping
name: Li, Yu-Xia
name: Zhu, Li-Feng
name: Yang, Zhi-Song
name: Dai, Qiang
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: Cell Biology

description: Supplemental material, Supplementary_Material_xyz386656d9e5cda for Genetic Diversity and Prediction Analysis of Small Isolated Giant Panda Populations After Release of Individuals by Qin-Long Dai, Jian-Wei Li, Yi Yang, Min Li, Kan Zhang, Liu-Yang He, Jun Zhang, Bo Tang, Hui-Ping Liu, Yu-Xia Li, Li-Feng Zhu, Zhi-Song Yang and Qiang Dai in Evolutionary Bioinformatics
title: The Development of the English East India Company With Special Reference to Its Trade and Organisation, 1600-1640.
Creators: name: Chaudhuri, Kirti Narayan
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1961

description: The object of this thesis is two-fold: first to make an economic study of the East India Company's many-sided activities in the first four decades of the seventeenth century, and secondly, through such a study to cast light upon the business-technique of a great merchant company of the period. In many ways, the East India Company was a unique organization. From a limited and modest beginning it quickly developed into a trading organization with wide commercial ramifications both in Asia and Europe. The Company's port to port trade in the Indies and the role it assumed as local traders in Asiatic Continent was ultimately responsible for the rise of the multilateral trade-triangles which characterised the English commerce overseas in the eighteenth and nineteenth century. Such a development brought with it the twin problems of a chronic shortage of finance capital and the political rivalry with the Dutch in the Indies. At home, the Company's existence depended on the successful competition with other European powers trading to the Indies. Its trade was economically viable if only the Company was prepared to extend its operations, in addition to the domestic, to the European markets as well. Hence, the Company put marked emphasis throughout the period on the re-export of its trading products to the Continent and the Levant, which promised to provide also a solution to the drain of treasure from England to Asia. The history of the Company's imports in the European markets reveals, however, that the Company was constantly haunted by the spectre of over-supply and falling prices. The trade in pepper which was the most important commodity on the Company's import list was especially susceptible to violent fluctuations and speculative moves. This led in the 1620's to a gradual and relative shift to the Indian commodities, to indigo and calico. In this thesis an attempt is made to trace in detail the Company's response to such economic problems, and to examine the institutional basis of its trading activities in England as exemplified in the composition and duties of its Court of Committees, the system of factorage, and the running of the shipyards.
Supplemental_material – Supplemental material for Acceptance and commitment therapy for family caregivers: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Areum Han
name: Hon K Yuen
name: Jenkins, Jeremy
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 110319 Psychiatry (incl. Psychotherapy)
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplemental material, Supplemental_material for Acceptance and commitment therapy for family caregivers: A systematic review and meta-analysis by Areum Han, Hon K Yuen and Jeremy Jenkins in Journal of Health Psychology
Questionnaire_-_Supplemental_material – Supplemental material for Hip Dysplasia Is Not More Common in W-Sitters
Creators: name: Rethlefsen, Susan A.
name: Mueske, Nicole M.
name: Nazareth, Alexander
name: Abousamra, Oussama
name: Tishya A. L. Wren
name: Kay, Robert M.
name: Goldstein, Rachel Y.
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 111403 Paediatrics
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Supplemental material, Questionnaire_-_Supplemental_material for Hip Dysplasia Is Not More Common in W-Sitters by Susan A. Rethlefsen, Nicole M. Mueske, Alexander Nazareth, Oussama Abousamra, Tishya A. L. Wren, Robert M. Kay and Rachel Y. Goldstein in Clinical Pediatrics
JBD935630_supplemental_material - Predicting differentiated developmental trajectories of prosocial behavior: A 12-year longitudinal study of children facing early risks and vulnerabilities
Creators: name: Qinxin Shi
name: Idean Ettekal
name: Liew, Jeffrey
name: Woltering, Steven
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: JBD935630_supplemental_material for Predicting differentiated developmental trajectories of prosocial behavior: A 12-year longitudinal study of children facing early risks and vulnerabilities by Qinxin Shi, Idean Ettekal, Jeffrey Liew and Steven Woltering in International Journal of Behavioral Development
The Qualitas Corpus: A curated collection of Java code for empirical studies
Creators: name: Tempero, Ewan
name: Anslow, Craig
name: Dietrich, Jens
name: Han, Ted
name: Li, Jing
name: Lumpe, Markus
name: Melton, Hayden
name: Noble, James
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: In order to increase our ability to use measurement to support software development practise we need to do more analysis of code. However, empirical studies of code are expensive and their results are difficult to compare. We describe the Qualitas Corpus, a large curated collection of open source Java systems. The corpus reduces the cost of performing large empirical studies of code and supports comparison of measurements of the same artifacts. We discuss its design, organisation, and issues associated with its development.
Twist-and-turn dynamics of spin squeezing in bosonic Josephson junctions: Enhanced shortcuts-to-adiabaticity approach
Creators: name: Odelli, Manuel
name: Ruschhaupt, Andreas
name: Stojanovic, Vladimir M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The twist-and-turn dynamics of spin squeezing results from the interplay of the one-axis-twisting (nonlinear in the collective-spin operators) and the transverse-field turning (linear) term in the underlying Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick-type Hamiltonian, both with constant (time-independent) prefactors. Using shortcuts to adiabaticity (STA) and the recently developed enhanced version thereof (eSTA), we demonstrate here that dynamics of this type can be utilized for a fast and robust preparation of spin-squeezed states in internal bosonic Josephson junctions, i.e., condensates of cold bosonic atoms in two different internal (hyperfine) states (single-boson modes) coupled through Rabi rotations. Assuming that the initial state of this system is its ground state for a given initial value of the (time-dependent) linear coupling strength and that the nonlinear coupling strength remains constant, we set out to determine the time dependence of the linear (Rabi) coupling strength that allows for the generation of spin-squeezed states using the STA- and eSTA-based approaches. We then characterize the modified twist-and-turn dynamics of this system by evaluating the coherent spin-squeezing and number-squeezing parameters, as well as the fidelity of the target spin-squeezed states. In this way, we show that the eSTA approach allows for a particularly robust realization of strongly spin-squeezed states in this system, consistently outperforming its adiabatic and STA-based counterparts, even for systems with several hundred particles. Our method could also be employed for the generation of metrologically-useful non-Gaussian states.
description: final, published version
Microwave Cavity Mode Optimisation by Background Anti-Resonance Tuning
Creators: name: Hatzon, Michael T.
name: Ivanov, Eugene N.
name: Bourhill, Jeremy F.
name: Goryachev, Maxim
name: Tobar, Michael E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To derive the best oscillator phase noise when implementing a high-Q resonator, the spectral line-shape must have high contrast and symmetry. Ideally, this line-shape is Lorentzian, however, in a high mode density spectral region, low-Q background spurious modes interact and distort the resonance. For a sapphire-loaded cavity resonator operating with whispering gallery modes we show that this high contrast and symmetry can be achieved by changing the dimensions of the surrounding cavity shield to tune the background low-Q structures into anti-resonance. This works because the high-Q resonances are primarily defined by the sapphire while the background modes are defined by the cavity shield. Alternatively, it was shown that a similar result can be achieved by exciting the high-Q resonator with a balanced microwave dipole probe in a Mach Zehnder interferometric configuration. The probe was constructed from two separate coaxial electric field probes symmetrically inserted into a cylindrical cavity resonator, from opposite sides with a small gap between them, so they can behave like an active wire dipole antenna. The power into the two separate probes may be matched with an external variable attenuator in one of the arms of the interferometer. Conversely, the phase between the two electric field probes may be changed with an external variable phase shifter, which changes the nature of the field components the probe couples to. The probe couples to the high-Q resonant modes as well as low-Q background modes, which can be made resonant or anti-resonant for the high-Q modes by changing this external phase. When the background modes are in anti-resonance the line shape of the high-Q mode can be made symmetric and with higher contrast. This technique was applied to both whispering gallery sapphire modes, as well as hollow cavity resonators, without changing the dimensions of the cavity.
description: accepted version
title: Life and Work of Robert Moffat With Particular Reference to the Expansion of Missions and White Settlement North of the Orange River 1817-1870.
Creators: name: Northcott, William Cecil
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1961

description: Robert Moffat's period of missionary service in southern Africa between 1817 and 1870 coincided with the rise of the Boer power in the Orange Free state and the Transvaal; the eruption of the Bantu tribes in the mfecane; the emergence of the Matabele into the Transvaal and (what is now) Southern Rhodesia; the "missionary struggle" to keep open the road to the north and to prevent it falling under Boer control; the first white settlement in Southern Rhodesia, and the beginnings of the Christian faith amongst the Bechuana and the Matabele. Moffat's establishment of his farthest north base at Kuruman (now in the Northern Cape) was the key to his influence, and the pattern of mission activity he created there was copied as the Christian frontier expanded northwards. Kuruman was the centre from which radiated the lines of Christian communication to the north, the base from which the expansion plans operated; and, in particular, was the focus point of the colleagueship of Moffat with his son-in-law, David Livingstone, which this study examines in detail. As a pioneer traveller in southern Africa, Moffat undertook five long journeys between 1829 and 1859 into the then unexplored areas of the Transvaal, Bechuanaland, and Southern Rhodesia. His journals and letters are primary evidence of conditions amongst the tribes, and in particular of the close friendship between himself and the Matabele chief, Moselekatse. Moffat's mastery of Sechuana; his translation of the Bible, singl-handed; and his printing enterprise at Kuruman, all have the marks of pioneering originality which made Livingstone admire him more than any other man in southern Africa. The influence of the Moffat family to-day in Central African affairs is a continuation of the liberal tradition in race relationships which Robert and Mary Moffat began during their fifty years in southern Africa.
title: The Limits to Stability: The Economic Implications of the Paris Agreement on Vietnam, January 1973-August 1974.
Creators: name: Tan, Yvonne
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1991

description: The Paris Agreement of 27 January 1973 was intended, at least by some of its authors, to end the war and to bring peace to Vietnam and Indochina. Studies on the Agreement have generally focused on the American retreat from Vietnam and the military and political consequences leading to the fall of Saigon in April 1975. This study will seek to explore a number of questions which remain controversial. It addresses itself to considering whether under the circumstances prevailing between 1973 and 1974 the Paris Agreement could have worked. In the light of these circumstances it argues that the Agreement sought to establish a framework for future stability and economic development through multilateral aid and rehabilitation aimed at the eventual survival of South Vietnam. The main thrust of the study is the interraction between the US and the Asian protagonists, considered on their own terms. Special prominence is given to the role of Japan, who endeavoured to contribute, under the Agreement's auspices, the centre of gravity for the economic dimension. From the Indochina perspective the protagonists include the communist power centres of North Vietnam and Cambodia and the government of South Vietnam. The consequences of the accord for East Asia are also examined where it complemented new realities emerging there in the form of the Japan-China dialogue, the assumptions of US strategy and the diplomacy surrounding them. The attempt is made to identify through the day-to-day course of events the different stages in the evolution of the intended design. Especially close attention will be paid to certain periods to identify major turning points when the conjunction of events had a crucial bearing on the final outcome. Equal consideration is given to explain how and why the Paris Agreement lost all credibility and was no longer a possible framework for stability in Vietnam and Indochina.
CookingSense: A Culinary Knowledgebase with Multidisciplinary Assertions
Creators: name: Choi, Donghee
name: Gim, Mogan
name: Park, Donghyeon
name: Sung, Mujeen
name: Kim, Hyunjae
name: Kang, Jaewoo
name: Choi, Jihun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper introduces CookingSense, a descriptive collection of knowledge assertions in the culinary domain extracted from various sources, including web data, scientific papers, and recipes, from which knowledge covering a broad range of aspects is acquired. CookingSense is constructed through a series of dictionary-based filtering and language model-based semantic filtering techniques, which results in a rich knowledgebase of multidisciplinary food-related assertions. Additionally, we present FoodBench, a novel benchmark to evaluate culinary decision support systems. From evaluations with FoodBench, we empirically prove that CookingSense improves the performance of retrieval augmented language models. We also validate the quality and variety of assertions in CookingSense through qualitative analysis.
description: LREC-COLING 2024 Accepted
753575 – Supplemental material for Preservice Teachers’ Mathematics Teaching Competence: Comparing Performance on Two Measures
Creators: name: Santagata, Rossella
name: Sandholtz, Judith Haymore
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2018
Subjects: Education

description: Supplemental material, 753575 for Preservice Teachers’ Mathematics Teaching Competence: Comparing Performance on Two Measures by Rossella Santagata and Judith Haymore Sandholtz in Journal of Teacher Education
title: A Phonetic and Phonological Study of Bhojpuri as Spoken in the Districts of Shahabad and Saran, on the Basis of the Observer's Own Pronunciation (With Texts in Phonetic Transcription).
Creators: name: Prasad, Bishwa Nath
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1950

description: This is a study in synthesis and on polysystemic basis of a form of Indian speech used by the writer and which covers an area of about fifty thousand square miles comprising parts of two provinces, Bihar and the United Provinces and typical, in many respects, of the speech of about twenty million people. The subject is dealt with in two sections - A. Phonetics, B. Phonology. A third section contains some specimens of texts, demonstrating the several types of styles of speech, and features of pronunciation. We have kept before us the view of speech as a social instrument requiring objective and empirical treatment. The sentence has been taken as the primary datum from which both the phonematic sounds and the syntagmatic prosodies have been extracted by a process of abstraction. Some of the important features of phonetic and phonological interest, e.g., nasalization and retroflexion, have been investigated in greater detail than others. The study is purely synchronic with only occasional glimpses of historical or comparative aspects where these have been considered of some interest in connection with the points under discussion. A synthesis of the views, ancient and modern, has been, as far as practicable, attempted in interpreting the linguistic facts in the thesis. The statement of phonetic facts based on the events of utterances and studied by perception technique, have been as far as possible, corroborated by instrumental technique consisting of kymographic and palatographic abstractions according to the new method of palatographic investigation into articulations elucidated by Prof. Firth in one of his most important articles on the subject. It is for the first time that a detailed synchronic study of a form of living modern Indian speech has been attempted on such a comprehensive plan, in accordance with modern linguistic techniques. The research has yielded some results of practical value which may be profitably utilized for reforming the spelling and printing in Sanskritic Indian language like Hindi, which has been adopted as the national language of India.
Metamagnetism and anomalous magnetotransport properties in rare-earth-based polar semimetals $R$AuGe ($R =$ Dy, Ho, and Gd)
Creators: name: Kurumaji, Takashi
name: Gen, Masaki
name: Kitou, Shunsuke
name: Arima, Taka-hisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the magnetic, magnetoelastic, and magnetotransport properties of single crystals of polar magnets $R$AuGe ($R=$ Dy, Ho, and Gd), grown by Au-Ge self-flux. Magnetization and magnetostriction measurements reveal multi-step metamagnetic transitions for the $c$-axis magnetic field ($H\parallel c$) for DyAuGe and HoAuGe, suggesting magnetic frustration in the triangular lattice of $R$ ions. The magnetic phase diagrams have clarified a close connection between the magnetoelastic property and the emergence of the intermediate metamagentic phase. The magnetic-field dependence of the resistivity and Hall resistivity reveal the semimetallic transport dominated by hole-type carriers, consistent with the behavior in a nonmagnetic analogue YAuGe. We also identify a signature of an anomalous Hall effect (AHE) proportional to the field-induced magnetization in $R=$ Dy, Ho, and Gd. GdAuGe shows magnetic and transport behavior as reported in a previous study using Bi-flux grown single crystals, while the self-flux grown crystal shows larger magnetoresistance ($\sim$ 345\%, at 1.8 K and 9 T) due to higher hole-type carrier mobility ($\sim$ 6400 cm$^2$/Vs). Using the two-band model analysis considering the mobility change during the magnetization process, we extract the anomalous Hall conductivity: $\sim 1200$ S/cm and $\sim 530$ S/cm for $R=$ Dy and Ho, respectively, at 1.8 K with 9 T for $H\parallel c$. The magnitude of conductivity suggests a contribution of intrinsic origin, possibly related to the Berry curvature in the electron bands induced by the time-reversal symmetry breaking and the polar lattice.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures
DS_10.1177_0022146518785174 – Supplemental material for Childhood Family Instability and Young Adult Health
Creators: name: Gaydosh, Lauren
name: Harris, Kathleen Mullan
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Supplemental material, DS_10.1177_0022146518785174 for Childhood Family Instability and Young Adult Health by Lauren Gaydosh and Kathleen Mullan Harris in Journal of Health and Social Behavior
Astrophysical constraints from synchrotron emission on very massive decaying dark matter
Creators: name: Munbodh, Pankaj
name: Profumo, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If the cosmological dark matter (DM) couples to Standard Model (SM) fields, it can decay promptly to SM states in a highly energetic hard process, which subsequently showers and hadronizes to give stable particles including $e^\pm$, $γ$, $p^{\pm}$ and $ν\barν$ at lower energy. If the DM particle is very heavy, the high-energy $e^\pm$, due to the Klein-Nishina cross section suppression, preferentially lose energy via synchrotron emission which, in turn, can be of unusually high energies. Here, we present previously unexplored bounds on heavy decaying DM up to the Planck scale, by studying the synchrotron emission from the $e^\pm$ produced in the ambient Galactic magnetic field. In particular, we explore the sensitivity of the resulting constraints on the DM decay width to (i) different SM decay channels, to (ii) the Galactic magnetic field configurations, and (iii) to various different DM density profiles proposed in the literature. We find that constraints from the synchrotron component complement and improve on constraints from very high-energy cosmic-ray and gamma-ray observatories targeting the prompt emission when the DM is sufficiently massive, most significantly for masses in excess of $10^{12}\text{ GeV}$.
description: 25 pages, 5 figures. Added comparison of energy losses. Minor edits
title: Word Order in Breton.
Creators: name: Stephens, Janig
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1982

description: The main objective of this thesis is to define the word order pattern of Breton. The most prominent characteristic of the language is that the first position in the sentence must be filled by a constituent X, where X = NP, PP, VP or V. It is generally accepted that this property is linked to what may be described as a topicalization process operating on a VSO type base structure. While it is accepted here that topicalization determines one type of surface structure, the present analysis makes a distinction between topicalized and neutral structures. In the former, the initial constituent is either NP, PP or VP, whereas in the latter, V is placed in front of an auxiliary. This analysis also rejects the view that the underlying word order of Breton is SVO. The proposal is rejected on the grounds that derivations resulting from the application of transformations on a base structure of a SVO type are not confirmed elsewhere The syntactic nature of the infinitive in neutral root clauses and in topicalized VPs is also discussed, and it is concluded that this non-finite verb form is a verbal constituent. The syntactic analysis of Breton outlined here maintains that VSO is the correct base order of constituents. Topics are generated in the base, but the structure of the neutral positive declarative root clause is derived by an obligatory transformation which shifts the main-verb around the auxiliary.
SUPPLEMENTARY_MATERIAL - Burden of Peripheral Artery Disease in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Caribbean 1990 to 2015
Creators: name: Nitheesha Ganta
name: Shahabuddin Soherwadi
name: Kakra Hughes
name: Gillum, Richard F.
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cardiology
subject: 110323 Surgery
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: SUPPLEMENTARY_MATERIAL for Burden of Peripheral Artery Disease in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Caribbean 1990 to 2015 by Nitheesha Ganta, Shahabuddin Soherwadi, Kakra Hughes, and Richard F. Gillum in Vascular and Endovascular Surgery
jones_onlineappendix – Supplemental material for Who Is Less Likely to Ostracize? Higher Trait Mindfulness Predicts More Inclusionary Behavior
Creators: name: Jones, Eric E.
name: Wirth, James H.
name: Ramsey, Alex T.
name: Wynsma, Rebecca L.
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Supplemental material, jones_onlineappendix for Who Is Less Likely to Ostracize? Higher Trait Mindfulness Predicts More Inclusionary Behavior by Eric E. Jones, James H. Wirth, Alex T. Ramsey and Rebecca L. Wynsma in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
FedConPE: Efficient Federated Conversational Bandits with Heterogeneous Clients
Creators: name: Li, Zhuohua
name: Liu, Maoli
name: Lui, John C. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Conversational recommender systems have emerged as a potent solution for efficiently eliciting user preferences. These systems interactively present queries associated with "key terms" to users and leverage user feedback to estimate user preferences more efficiently. Nonetheless, most existing algorithms adopt a centralized approach. In this paper, we introduce FedConPE, a phase elimination-based federated conversational bandit algorithm, where $M$ agents collaboratively solve a global contextual linear bandit problem with the help of a central server while ensuring secure data management. To effectively coordinate all the clients and aggregate their collected data, FedConPE uses an adaptive approach to construct key terms that minimize uncertainty across all dimensions in the feature space. Furthermore, compared with existing federated linear bandit algorithms, FedConPE offers improved computational and communication efficiency as well as enhanced privacy protections. Our theoretical analysis shows that FedConPE is minimax near-optimal in terms of cumulative regret. We also establish upper bounds for communication costs and conversation frequency. Comprehensive evaluations demonstrate that FedConPE outperforms existing conversational bandit algorithms while using fewer conversations.
description: Accepted to the 33rd International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI), 2024
Direction-dependent spontaneous emission from near-infrared quantum dots at the angular band edges of a three-dimensional photonic crystal
Creators: name: Li, Jiafang
name: Jia, Baohua
name: Zhou, Guangyong
name: Gu, Min
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: Engineering spontaneous emission from light emitters embedded within three-dimensional photonic crystals is of great significance in both fundamental research of quantum optics and applications of microphotonic devices. In this letter, we report on the effective modification of spontaneous emission from near-infrared PbSe quantum dots infiltrated in a three-dimensional woodpile polymeric photonic crystal through adjusting its angle-dependent stop gaps. A significant inhibition effect as well as a pronounced enhancement of the spontaneous emission are observed in the midgap and at the center of the band edge, respectively. The observed phenomenon can be understood from the stretched exponential model on decay dynamics.
Learning Latent Dynamic Robust Representations for World Models
Creators: name: Sun, Ruixiang
name: Zang, Hongyu
name: Li, Xin
name: Islam, Riashat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Visual Model-Based Reinforcement Learning (MBRL) promises to encapsulate agent's knowledge about the underlying dynamics of the environment, enabling learning a world model as a useful planner. However, top MBRL agents such as Dreamer often struggle with visual pixel-based inputs in the presence of exogenous or irrelevant noise in the observation space, due to failure to capture task-specific features while filtering out irrelevant spatio-temporal details. To tackle this problem, we apply a spatio-temporal masking strategy, a bisimulation principle, combined with latent reconstruction, to capture endogenous task-specific aspects of the environment for world models, effectively eliminating non-essential information. Joint training of representations, dynamics, and policy often leads to instabilities. To further address this issue, we develop a Hybrid Recurrent State-Space Model (HRSSM) structure, enhancing state representation robustness for effective policy learning. Our empirical evaluation demonstrates significant performance improvements over existing methods in a range of visually complex control tasks such as Maniskill \cite{gu2023maniskill2} with exogenous distractors from the Matterport environment. Our code is avaliable at https://github.com/bit1029public/HRSSM.
Thermodynamic stability in relativistic viscous and spin hydrodynamics
Creators: name: Ren, Xiang
name: Yang, Chen
name: Wang, Dong-Lin
name: Pu, Shi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have applied thermodynamic stability analysis to derive the stability and causality conditions for conventional relativistic viscous hydrodynamics and spin hydrodynamics. We obtain the thermodynamic stability conditions for second-order relativistic hydrodynamics with shear and bulk viscous tensors, finding them identical to those derived from linear mode analysis. We then derive the thermodynamic stability conditions for minimal causal extended second-order spin hydrodynamics in canonical form, both with and without viscous tensors. Without viscous tensors, the constraints from thermodynamic stability exactly match those from linear mode analysis. In the presence of viscous tensors, the thermodynamic stability imposes more stringent constraints than those obtained from linear mode analysis. Our results suggest that conditions derived from thermodynamic stability analysis can guarantee both causality and stability in linear mode analysis.
description: 30 pages; published version
title: The "Rasa Mana ke Pada" of Kevalarama: A Medieval Hindi Text of the Eighth Gaddi of the Vallabha Sect.
Creators: name: Entwistle, Alan William
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1982

description: "Rasa mana ke pada" is the title given to a compilation of lyrics attributed to Kevalarama, a seventeenth century gosvami of a branch of the Vallabha sect (or Pustimarga) which is referred to as the 'Eighth Gaddi' (Hindi: Astama/Sthavi Gaddi). The lyrics, composed in the literary Braj dialect and dealing mainly with aspects of the love between Krsna and Radha, are representative of a body of literature preserved in a collection of Manuscripts which were copied in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries in and around Dera Ghazi Khan, a town on the banks of the Indus where, until 1947, the main temple of the Eighth Gaddi was situated. Since no account of the author and his sectarian background is available in English, the relevant historical and biographical data are presented in extended introductory chapters. Orthography and metre are examined in detail in order to show how the archaic inflections and tadbhava forms of the Ur-text, which were preserved by the relatively conservative scribe of the oldest extant version, were altered by later scribes who tended to Sanskritize the language, albeit with the retention of certain traits derived from their regional speech. Conclusions reached concerning the presumed archetypal language of the text and principles formulated for dealing with variant spellings have wider implications for the editorial treatment of early Hindi texts in general. Grammatical forms are listed in a section which summarises the linguistic features of the poems (including three which are written in Panjabi), and an index provides etymologies, glosses and cross- references for all words occurring in the text. A literal English translation is provided and the bibliography includes detailed descriptions of all manuscripts consulted.
Breast and axillary metastases from transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis. A case report.
Creators: name: MAVROMATI, ARETI
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: Breast
subject: Kidney
subject: Thorax
subject: CT
subject: Fluoroscopy
subject: Image manipulation / Reconstruction
subject: Mammography
subject: Plain radiographic studies
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Biopsy
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Contrast agent-oral
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Localisation
subject: Infection
subject: Metastases
subject: Neoplasia

description: Clinical History Image Findings Discussion Find Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis
description: female, 80 years
description: Clinical History: a 80 years old woman with just high blood pressure in her medical history presented to our hospital with diziness and weight loss of 6 kilos the last 6 months. The blood test results showed increased CRP=70 and leukocytes 15. Final Diagnosis: Breast and axillary metastases from TCC of the renal pelvis.
title: Courts and Judges in Zambia; the Evolution of the Modern Judicial System.
Creators: name: Kanganja, Joshua Lawson
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1981

description: This study examines the evolution of the modern judicial system in Zambia (formerly Northern Rhodesia). The work consists of twelve Chapters and is divided into three parts. Part I consists of two Chapters (Chapters 1 and 2) and discusses the contemporary judicial system of Zambia and the sources of the laws applied by the courts. Chapter 1 discusses the superior courts of Zambia whereas Chapter 2 discusses the various types of inferior courts and the sources of the laws applied by the courts. Part II consists of four Chapters (Chapters 3-6) and discusses the judicial system when the country was administered by the British South Africa Company in the period 1891 - 1924. Chapter 3 discusses the establishment of rule over Northern Rhodesia by the Company, the terms of the Company's Charter of Incorporation, the establishment of Consular Courts and the division of the country into Barotziland-North-Western Rhodesia and North- Eastern Rhodesia. Chapter 4 discusses the judicial system in North-Eastern Rhodesia in the period 1900-1910. Chapter 5 discusses the judicial system in Barotziland- North-Western Rhodesia in the period 1900-1910. Chapter 6 discusses the amalgamation of Barotziland-North- Western Rhodesia and Morth-Western Rhodesia and the unification of the judicial system. Part III consists of five Chapters (Chapters 7 - 11) and discusses the judicial system when the country was administered directly by the British Government in the period 1924-1964. Chapter 7 discusses the various Courts of Appeal which heard appeals from the High Court of Northern Rhodesia. Chapter 8 discusses the High Court of Northern Rhodesia. Chapter 9 discusses the Subordinate Courts system and Chapters 10 and 11 discuss the Native Courts system. Chapter 12 is the concluding Chapter. Basically, the study is descriptive and analytical in nature and highlights the salient features of the judicial system under the various administrations. Particular attention is paid to the jurisdiction of the various courts and to how they were staffed.
title: Trade Relations Between the Turks and the Genoese, 1300-1453.
Creators: name: Fleet, Katherine Harriet
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1994

description: This thesis examines the trade relations between the Turks and the Genoese in the period 1300 to 1453. It has two aims, first to investigate the trade, examining the commodities involved and discussing the taxes levied upon it, and second to consider the role of Genoese capital and know-how in the economic development of the early Ottoman empire. The thesis is based on archival material from the Genoese State Archives with other published Latin material, such as documents from the Venetian archives, and published Ottoman documents, together with some Byzantine and Arabic data. Several unpublished Genoese documents are included in an appendix to the thesis. The introduction discusses the sources, concentrating on the data available in the Genoese archives. The importance of western archival material, such as that from Genoa, has perhaps been under-rated to date for Ottoman history of this period, one for which there is such a dearth of Turkish material. Chapter one consists of a brief discussion of the monies used in this commerce. Chapter two investigates the taxes levied on international trade and considers the importance of Genoese merchants in the tax farming system. Chapter three deals with the commodities which were imported and exported, concentrating specifically on slaves, grain, alum, cloth, metals and wine. The thesis concludes with an evaluation of the significance of Turkish-Genoese trade in this period, and the importance of Genoese merchants in the early economic development of the Ottoman state. There are two appendices containing documents and a glossary of names.
Exploring anisotropic pressure and spatial correlations in strongly confined hard-disk fluids. Exact results
Creators: name: Montero, Ana M.
name: Santos, Andrés
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This study examines the transverse and longitudinal properties of hard disks confined in narrow channels. Employing an exact mapping of the system onto a one-dimensional polydisperse, nonadditive mixture of hard rods with equal chemical potentials, we compute various thermodynamic properties, including the transverse and longitudinal equations of state, along with their behaviors at both low and high densities. Structural properties are analyzed using the two-body correlation function and the radial distribution function, tailored for the highly anisotropic geometry of this system. The results are corroborated by computer simulations.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures; v2: some clarifications and references have been added
title: Sustainable Development and the Forest Sector in Ghana: A Study of the Law in Action.
Creators: name: England, Philippa
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1993

description: Following the Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED), this thesis examines the concept of sustainable development in the light of laws and policies relating to the forest sector of Ghana. The goal is to consider how far the relevant laws and policies are compatible with the model of sustainable development propounded in the Report and whether, in reality, that model is a feasible one for developing countries such as Ghana. The study explores the law relating to the management, protection and exploitation of forests in Ghana. Anomalies in forest laws, problems of their enforcement and proposals for reform are discussed. The history of forest legislation is briefly considered but the emphasis is on recent developments in the forest sector, including the Forest Resource Management Project, Forest Inventory Project and the work of the National Investigations Sub-Committee on Timber. Detailed inquiries into problems of forest protection in the Western Region and rural forestry initiatives in Bongo, a district in the North-East of Ghana, are made. The findings from Ghana suggest that, although in many cases reforms corresponding to the recommendations of the WCED are desirable, a number of conflicting interests operate to frustrate their implementation.