cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Monochromatic Triangles, Intermediate Matrix Products, and Convolutions
Creators: name: Lincoln, Andrea
name: Polak, Adam
name: Williams, Virginia Vassilevska
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The most studied linear algebraic operation, matrix multiplication, has surprisingly fast $O(n^ω)$ time algorithms for $ω<2.373$. On the other hand, the $(\min,+)$ matrix product which is at the heart of many fundamental graph problems such as APSP, has received only minor improvements over its brute-force cubic running time and is widely conjectured to require $n^{3-o(1)}$ time. There is a plethora of matrix products and graph problems whose complexity seems to lie in the middle of these two problems. For instance, the Min-Max matrix product, the Minimum Witness matrix product, APSP in directed unweighted graphs and determining whether an edge-colored graph contains a monochromatic triangle, can all be solved in $\tilde O(n^{(3+ω)/2})$ time. A similar phenomenon occurs for convolution problems, where analogous intermediate problems can be solved in $\tilde O(n^{1.5})$ time. Can one improve upon the running times for these intermediate problems, in either the matrix product or the convolution world? Or, alternatively, can one relate these problems to each other and to other key problems in a meaningful way? This paper makes progress on these questions by providing a network of fine-grained reductions. We show for instance that APSP in directed unweighted graphs and Minimum Witness product can be reduced to both the Min-Max product and a variant of the monochromatic triangle problem. We also show that a natural convolution variant of monochromatic triangle is fine-grained equivalent to the famous 3SUM problem. As this variant is solvable in $O(n^{1.5})$ time and 3SUM is in $O(n^2)$ time (and is conjectured to require $n^{2-o(1)}$ time), our result gives the first fine-grained equivalence between natural problems of different running times.
description: Presented at ITCS 2020. Abstract abridged to meet arXiv requirements
The Opacity of Spiral Galaxy Disks VII: the accuracy of galaxy counts as an extinction probe
Creators: name: Holwerda, B. W.
name: Gonzalez, R. A.
name: Allen, Ronald J.
name: van der Kruit, P. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ``Synthetic Field Method'' (SFM) was introduced by Gonzalez et al. (1998) to calibrate numbers of distant galaxies as a probe of extinction in a foreground spiral disk. Gonzalez et al. (2003) studied the effect of the foreground disk on these numbers using simulations of current and future instruments for fields in the LMC, M31 and NGC 4536, a galaxy in Virgo. They concluded that: (1) the brighter centers of disks were unsuitable, (2) the granularity of the disk at a fixed surface brightness is the limiting factor in the detection of distant galaxies, and (3) the optimum distance for measurements would be that of the Virgo cluster for the current instruments on board HST. At this distance the foreground disk is smoothed with distance, improving detection of distant background galaxies. Holwerda et al. (2005a) automated the SFM and Holwerda et al. (2005b) applied it to a large set of WFPC2 fields. In this paper, the quality of the extinction measurement in these fields is compared to their distance, granularity, surface brightness and structure. The average surface brightness of the of a field is shown to directly influence the accuracy of the SFM. This restricts meaningful measurements to the disks of spiral galaxies. Large structures such as spiral arms have a similar effect. The granularity or small scale structure in a field influences the detection of distant galaxies, limiting the SFM measurements in nearby disks. From the trends in the accuracy and maximum practical field-of-view considerations, the minimum and maximum distance for SFM application, approximately 5 and 35 Mpc respectively. Using the same instrument and detection method, the relations with SFM parameters and field characteristics can be used to forgo the synthetic fields altogether.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures, Research Note accepted by A&A
Ja'a Kumiay Field Materials
Creators: name: Meza Calles, Yolanda
name: Fernández Guerrero, José Armando
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2021

description: Estos materiales son narraciones de cuentos, recetas, y notas culturales en la variante ja'a del idioma kumiay (también conocido como kumiai, kumeyaay, Diegueño; ISO code DIH). Este proyecto incluye narraciones transcritas en una ortografía práctica y traducidas al español e inglés. De este trabajo también se deriva un librito de historias en kumiay, inglés y español.
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These materials are folktale narrations, recipes, and cultural notes in the Ja'a variety of the Kumiay language (also known as Kumiai, Kumeyaay, Diegueño; ISO code DIH). This project includes transcribed narrations in a practical orthography and translated into Spanish and English. From this work, a storybook in Spanish, English, and Kumiay is derived.
Educational Policy in Nigeria
Creators: name: Namse  Peter Udosen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: Since pre-colonial times, educational policies have been promulgated to give guidance to Educational service delivery in Nigeria. Education is the bedrock of any functional society or nation. It is one of the social institutions that contributes significantly towards the construction and maintenance of social order. In recent times it has further earned an important posture in the society.
Frequency of Tidal Features Correlates with Age and Internal Structure of Early-type Galaxies
Creators: name: Yoon, Yongmin
name: Lim, Gu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Previous studies suggest that compact young early-type galaxies (ETGs) were formed by recent mergers. However, it has not yet been revealed whether tidal features that are direct evidence of recent mergers are detected frequently around compact young ETGs. Here, we investigate how the fraction of ETGs having tidal features ($f_{T}$) depends on age and internal structure (compactness, color gradient, and dust lanes) of ETGs, using 650 ETGs with $M_r\le-19.5$ in $0.015\le z\le0.055$ that are in deep coadded images of the Stripe 82 region of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We find that tidal features are more frequent in younger ETGs and more compact ETGs, so that compact young ETGs with ages $\lesssim6$ Gyr have high $f_{T}$ of $\sim0.7$ compared to their less compact or old counterparts with ages $\gtrsim9$ Gyr that have $f_{T}\lesssim0.1$. Among compact young ETGs, those with blue cores have $\sim3$ times higher $f_{T}$ than those with red cores. In addition, ETGs with dust lanes have $\sim4$ times higher $f_{T}$ than those without dust lanes. Our results provide direct evidence that compact young ETGs especially with blue cores and ETGs with dust lanes are involved in recent mergers. Based on our results and several additional assumptions, we roughly estimate the typical visible time of tidal features after a merger, which is $\sim3$ Gyr in the depth of the Stripe 82 coadded images.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in the ApJ
Periodización e identidad cultural en el ensayo latinoamericano : tres puntos de vista: Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, Domingo F. Sarmiento y José Martí
Creators: name: Chachagua, Freddy Antonio
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: To date, the Latin American essay remains little studied, certainly compared to other literary genres such as the novel, poetry and theater. This thesis examines prevailing theorists' conceptions of the essay and its historical development in Latin America. Employing the notions of cultural identity and difference, which have long been central to Latin American critical thought, this study distances the development of the essay in Latin America from Spanish colonial writings of the sixteenth century. In its place, this study proposes an innovative classification scheme that incorporates cultural codes as its main criteria in order to provide a more equitable treatment of essays from areas that have traditionally been marginalized in standard chronologically based classification schemes. Some of the paradigms used in this study to defend the integrity and specificity of the Latin American essay and culture are Inca Garcilaso de la Vega's affirmation of the values of the continent's indigenous pre-columbian heritage, Domingo Faustino Sarmiento's discursive reinvention of South America, and Jose Marti's notion of hibridez—a cultural and racial complex mixture rooted in the region's history—as an affirmation of a continental Latin American cultural identity. This thesis demonstrates that since Latin American essays diverge thematically from colonialist discourse, studies of the origins of the Latin American essay do not have to perpetuate the colonialist legacy.
Self-sweeping ytterbium-doped fiber laser based on a fiber saturable absorber
Creators: name: Wen, Zengrun
name: Wang, Kaile
name: Lu, Baole
name: Chen, Haowei
name: Bai, Jintao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Generally speaking, the self-sweeping effect relies on the dynamical grating formed in a gain fiber. Here, the normal self-sweeping was generated in a pump-free ytterbium-doped fiber which serves as a fiber saturable absorber and is introduced to the laser cavity by a circulator in this experiment. The sweeping rate and the sweeping range alter as usual, both of which can be controlled by the pump power. Further, a new self-pulse signal is observed and discussed in this work, which shows the difference of the self-sweeping effects between active fiber and fiber saturable absorber.
Additional file 1 of Development and feasibility testing of a play-based psychosocial intervention for reduced patient stress in a pediatric care setting: experiences from Pakistan
Creators: name: Rasheed, Muneera A.
name: Vardah Bharuchi
name: Waliyah Mughis
name: Hussain, Ayesha
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Intervention Framework
Unidirectional transmission of single photons under non-ideal chiral photon-atom interactions
Creators: name: Yan, Cong-Hua
name: Li, Ming
name: Xu, Xin-Biao
name: Zhang, Yan-Lei
name: Yuan, Hao
name: Zou, Chang-Ling
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single-photon transport in non-ideal chiral photon-atom interaction structures generally contains information backflow and thus limits the capabilities to transfer information between distant emitters in cascaded quantum networks. Here, in the non-ideal chiral case, a V -type atom coupled to a waveguide is proposed to realize completely unidirectional transmission of the single photons in a superposition state of different frequencies. A microwave field is introduced to drive the two excited states of the atom and results in photon conversion between two transitions. By adjusting the Rabi frequency and the phase of the external driving field, the transport behaviors of incident photons with specific frequencies can be optimized to complete transmission or reflection. Based on the constructive interferences between photons from different traveling paths, the transmission probabilities of the specific-frequency photons could be enhanced. Due to photon conversions with compensating the dissipations and ensuring the complete destructive interference, the ideal unidirectional transmission contrast can be maintained to 1, even when the atom has dissipations into the non-waveguide modes.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
On KP Generators and the Geometry of the HBDE
Creators: name: Gekhtman, Michael
name: Kasman, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Sato theory provides a correspondence between solutions to the KP hierarchy and points in an infinite dimensional Grassmannian. In this correspondence, flows generated infinitesimally by powers of the ``shift'' operator give time dependence to the first coordinate of an arbitrarily selected point, making it a tau-function. These tau-functions satisfy a number of integrable equations, including the Hirota Bilinear Difference Equation (HBDE). Here, we rederive the HBDE as a statement about linear maps between Grassmannians. In addition to illustrating the fundamental nature of this equation in the standard theory, we make use of this geometric interpretation of the HBDE to answer the question of what other infinitesimal generators could be used for similarly creating tau-functions. The answer to this question involves a ``rank one condition'', tying this investigation to the existing results on integrable systems involving such conditions and providing an interpretation for their significance in terms of the relationship between the HBDE and the geometry of Grassmannians.
Anisotropic layer-by-layer carbon nanotubes/boron nitride/rubber composite and its application in electromagnetic shielding
Creators: name: Zhan, Yanhu
name: Lago, Emanuele
name: Santillo, Chiara
name: Castillo, Antonio Esau Del Rio
name: Hao, Shuai
name: Buonocore, Giovanna G.
name: Chen, Zhenming
name: Xia, Hesheng
name: Lavorgna, Marino
name: Bonaccorso, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multifunctional polymer composites with anisotropic properties are attracting interests as they fulfil the growing demand of multitasking materials. In this work, anisotropic polymer composites are fabricated by combining the layer-by-layer (LBL) filtration method with the alternative assembling of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and hexagonal boron nitride flakes (hBN) on natural rubber latex particles (NR). The layered composites exhibit anisotropic thermal and electrical conductivities, which are tailored through the layer formulations. The best composite consists of four layers of NR modified with 8 phr (parts per Hundred Rubber) CNTs (~7.4 wt%) and four alternated layers with 12 phr hBN (~10.7 wt%). The composites exhibit an electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness of 22.41+-0.14 dB mm-1 at 10.3 GHz and a thermal conductivity equal to 0.25 W/(mK). Furthermore, when the layered composite is used as an electrical thermal heater the surface reaches a stable temperature of ~103 C in approx. 2 min, with an input bias of 2.5 V.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures
The R-map and the Coupling of N=2 Tensor Multiplets in 5 and 4 Dimensions
Creators: name: Gunaydin, M.
name: McReynolds, S.
name: Zagermann, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dimensional reduction of five dimensional N=2 Yang-Mills-Einstein supergravity theories (YMESGT) coupled to tensor multiplets. The resulting 4D theories involve first order interactions among tensor and vector fields with mass terms. If the 5D gauge group, K, does not mix the 5D tensor and vector fields, the 4D tensor fields can be integrated out in favor of 4D vector fields and the resulting theory is dual to a standard 4D YMESGT. The gauge group has a block diagonal symplectic embedding and is a semi-direct product of the 5D gauge group K with a Heisenberg group of dimension (2P+1), where 2P is the number of tensor fields in five dimensions. There exists an infinite family of theories, thus obtained, whose gauge groups are pp-wave contractions of the simple noncompact groups of type SO*(2M). If, on the other hand, the 5D gauge group does mix the 5D tensor and vector fields, the resulting 4D theory is dual to a 4D YMESGT whose gauge group does, in general,NOT have a block diagonal symplectic embedding and involves additional topological terms. The scalar potentials of the dimensionally reduced theories naturally have some of the ingredients that were found necessary for stable de Sitter ground states. We comment on the relation between the known 5D and 4D, N=2 supergravities with stable de Sitter ground states.
description: 42 pages;latex file
EMCCD for Pyramid wavefront sensor: laboratory characterization
Creators: name: Agapito, Guido
name: Mazzoni, Tommaso
name: Rossi, Fabio
name: Puglisi, Alfio
name: Plantet, Cedric
name: Pinna, Enrico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electro-Multiplying CCDs offer a unique combination of speed, sub-electron noise and quantum efficiency. These features make them extremely attractive for astronomical adaptive optics. The SOUL project selected the Ocam2k from FLI as camera upgrade for the pyramid wavefront sensor of the LBT SCAO systems. Here we present results from the laboratory characterization of the 3 of the custom Ocam2k cameras for the SOUL project. The cameras showed very good noise ($0.4e^-$ and $0.4-0.7e^-$ for binned modes) and dark current values ($1.5e^-$). We measured the camera gain and identified the dependency on power cycle and frame rate. Finally, we estimated the impact of these gain variation in the SOUL adaptive optics system. The impact on the SOUL performance resulted to be negligible.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures, 7 tables. SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, 2018, Austin, Texas, United States
Spectral investigation of Ceres analogue mixtures: in-depth analysis of crater central peak material (ccp) on Ceres
Creators: name: Galiano, A.
name: Dirri, F.
name: Palomba, E.
name: Longobardo, A.
name: Schmitt, B.
name: Beck, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to investigate the causes of different spectral slope in ccps, different grain-sizes of Ceres analogue mixtures were produced, heated to remove absorption of atmospheric water, and spectrally analyzed. First, the end-members which compose the Ceres surface (using the antigorite as Mg-phyllosilicate, the NH4-montmorillonite as NH4-phyllosilicate, the dolomite as carbonate and the graphite as dark component), were mixed, obtaining mixtures with different relative abundance, and identifying the mixture with the reflectance spectrum most similar to the average Ceres spectrum. The mixtures were obtained with grain size of 0-25 μm, 25-50 mic and 50-100 mic, were heated and spectrally analysed at T= 300 K and T=200 K (typical for surface Ceres temperature during VIR observations). The most similar Ceres analogue mixture is composed of dolomite (18%), graphite (27%), antigorite (32%) and NH4-montmorillonite (29%) and the results of this work suggest that this mixture is more similar to the Ceres youngest region than to the Ceres average, in particular for the negative slope of spectrum. Small variation in the composition and grain size of end-members need to be considered, in addition to the occurrence of a dark component dispersed in fine size. Furthermore, the positive spectral slope that characterizes the mean Ceres spectrum can be obtained by the application of some processes simulating the space weathering on Ceres (as micro-meteoritic impacts and solar wind irradiation), i.e. laser and ion irradiation. As conclusion, youngest ccps on Ceresare probably composed by fresher and weakly processed mixture with fine dark material intimately dispersed: as a result, the reflectance spectra of youngest material show a negative slope in the 1.2-1.9 mic range. The redder slope observed in the older ccps is probably the consequence of the space weathering effects on fresher material
Quadratic Form Expansions for Unitaries
Creators: name: de Beaudrap, Niel
name: Danos, Vincent
name: Kashefi, Elham
name: Roetteler, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce techniques to analyze unitary operations in terms of quadratic form expansions, a form similar to a sum over paths in the computational basis when the phase contributed by each path is described by a quadratic form over $\mathbb R$. We show how to relate such a form to an entangled resource akin to that of the one-way measurement model of quantum computing. Using this, we describe various conditions under which it is possible to efficiently implement a unitary operation U, either when provided a quadratic form expansion for U as input, or by finding a quadratic form expansion for U from other input data.
description: 20 pages, 3 figures; (extended version of) accepted submission to TQC 2008
The native honeysuckle leaf blight increases leaf loss in invasive Amur honeysuckle
Creators: name: Boyce, Richard L.
name: Holsclaw, Natalie A.
name: Jones, Alison A.
name: Boyce, Nathan J.
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2019

description: Background/Question/Methods
The invasive deciduous shrub Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Herder) is affected by the native fungus honeysuckle leaf blight (Insolibasidium deformans (C.J. Gould) Oberw. & Bandoni). In Northern Kentucky, blight symptoms were first noticed in 2012 and have been present every year since. Honeysuckle leaf blight causes young leaves to yellow and eventually become necrotic, leading to premature leaf loss. Previous research indicates that open-grown honeysuckle stands have declined since the 1980s, and it has also shown that leaf blight causes growth decline in honeysuckle seedlings in a greenhouse setting. This study focused on the impact of leaf blight on growth in the field. Twenty shrubs at NKU REFS (Research & Education Field Station) in Melbourne, KY, were chosen, and two shoots from each were labeled, one with a low incidence of blight and the other with high incidence. Shoot lengths were measured every week, starting in early June into early August, with occasional measurements thereafter, and the number of blighted as well as total leaves were recorded. Changes in the numbers and proportions of blighted leaves, the number of leaves per shoot, and leaf density were compared between high- and low-blighted shoots with repeated-measures ANOVAs.

Results/Conclusions
High-blighted shoots had a significant decline in the number and proportion of blighted leaves over the course of the summer, whereas low-blight shoots remained relatively stable. Thus, shoots with high amounts of blight had increased rates of leaf loss relative to low-blighted shoots. High-blighted shoots exhibited lower leaf densities than low-blighted shoots, consistent with previous work showing that faster-growing honeysuckle are more likely to be infected. Based on the proportions of leaves retained, we estimate that the leaf area integrated over the study period for high-blighted shoots was 14% lower than for low-blighted shoots. We predict this reduced leaf area would translate into a similar amount of reduced growth, consistent with previous work in a greenhouse setting. These findings are also consistent with leaf blight being a cause of the observed dieback of Amur honeysuckle in our region.
Isotropic parallel antiferromagnetism in the magnetic-field-induced charge-ordered state of SmRu$_4$P$_{12}$ caused by $p$-$f$ hybridization
Creators: name: Matsumura, T.
name: Michimura, S.
name: Inami, T.
name: Lee, C. H.
name: Matsuda, M.
name: Nakao, H.
name: Mizumaki, M.
name: Kawamura, N.
name: Tsukagoshi, M.
name: Tsutsui, S.
name: Sugawara, H.
name: Fushiya, K.
name: Matsuda, T. D.
name: Higashinaka, R.
name: Aoki, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nature of the field-induced charge ordered phase (phase II) of SmRu$_4$P$_{12}$ has been investigated by resonant x-ray diffraction (RXD) and polarized neutron diffraction (PND), focusing on the relationship between the atomic displacements and the antiferromagnetic (AFM) moments of Sm. From the analysis of the interference between the non-resonant Thomson scattering and the resonant magnetic scattering, combined with the spectral function obtained from x-ray magnetic circular dichroism, it is shown that the AFM moment of Sm prefers to be parallel to the field ($m_{\text{AF}} \parallel H$), giving rise to large and small moment sites around which the P$_{12}$ and Ru cage contract and expand, respectively. This is associated with the formation of the staggered ordering of the $Γ_7$-like and $Γ_8$-like crystal-field states, providing a strong piece of evidence for the charge order. PND was also performed to obtain complementary and unambiguous conclusion. In addition, isotropic and continuous nature of the phase II is demonstrated by the field-direction invariance of the interference spectrum in RXD. Crucial role of the $p$-$f$ hybridization is shown by resonant soft x-ray diffraction at the P $K$-edge ($1s\leftrightarrow 3p$), where we detected a resonance due to the spin polarized $3p$ orbitals reflecting the AFM order of Sm.
description: 12 pages, 11 figures, supplemental material (5 pages, 9 figures), accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B
Maximal discrete sets
Creators: name: Schrittesser, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03E05, 03E15, 03E25, 03E35, 03E57, 03E60, 03E17

description: We survey results regarding the definability and size of maximal discrete sets in analytic hypergraphs. Our main examples include maximal almost disjoint (or mad) families, $\mathcal I$-mad families, maximal eventually different families, and maximal cofinitary groups. We discuss the non-increasing sequence of cardinal characteristics $\mathfrak a_ξ$, for $ξ
description: 21 pages. Contains some corrections in comparison to the published version
Implications of PREX-II on the equation of state of neutron-rich matter
Creators: name: Reed, Brendan T.
name: Fattoyev, F. J.
name: Horowitz, C. J.
name: Piekarewicz, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Laboratory experiments sensitive to the equation of state of neutron rich matter in the vicinity of nuclear saturation density provide the first rung in a "density ladder" that connects terrestrial experiments to astronomical observations. In this context, the neutron skin thickness of 208Pb (Rskin) provides a stringent laboratory constraint on the density dependence of the symmetry energy. In turn, an improved value of Rskin has been reported recently by the PREX collaboration. Exploiting the strong correlation between Rskin and the slope of the symmetry energy L within a specific class of relativistic energy density functionals, we report a value of L=(106 +/- 37)MeV -- that systematically overestimates current limits based on both theoretical approaches and experimental measurements. The impact of such a stiff symmetry energy on some critical neutron-star observables is also examined.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures. Manuscript accepted for publication in the Physical Review Letters
Bend it like dark matter!
Creators: name: Woithe, Julia
name: Kersting, Magdalena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dark matter is one of the most intriguing scientific mysteries of our time and offers exciting instructional opportunities for physics education in high schools. The topic is likely to engage and motivate students in the classroom and allows addressing open questions of the Standard Model of particle physics. Although the empirical evidence of dark matter links nicely to many standard topics of physics curricula, teachers may find it challenging to introduce the topic in their classrooms. In this article, we present a fun new approach to teach about dark matter using jelly lenses as an instructional analogy of gravitational lenses. We provide a brief overview of the history of dark matter to contextualise our presentation and discuss the instructional potential as well as limitations of the jelly lens analogy.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures
Bilayer graphene in magnetic fields generated by supersymmetry
Creators: name: C., David J. Fernández
name: M., Juan D. García
name: O-Campa, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effective Hamiltonian for electrons in bilayer graphene with applied magnetic fields is solved through second-order supersymmetric quantum mechanics. This method transforms the corresponding eigenvalue problem into two intertwined one dimensional stationary Schrödinger equations whose potentials are determined by choosing at most two seed solutions. In this paper new kinds of magnetic fields associated to non-shape-invariant SUSY partner potentials are generated. Analytic solutions for these magnetic fields are found, the associated spectrum is analyzed, and the probability and current densities are explored.
description: In this new version of the work, we correct the current density expression as well as some plots and include a new appendix to explain how to obtain the right form of the current density for bilayer graphene interacting with magnetic fields
Relating force balances and flow length scales in geodynamo simulations
Creators: name: Schwaiger, Tobias
name: Gastine, Thomas
name: Aubert, Julien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In fluid dynamics, the scaling behaviour of flow length scales is commonly used to infer the governing force balance of a system. The key to a successful approach is to measure length scales that are representative of the energy contained in the solution (energetically relevant) and indicative of the established force balance (dynamically relevant). In numerical simulations of rotating convection and magneto-hydrodynamic dynamos in spherical shells, it has remained difficult to measure length scales that are both energetically and dynamically relevant, which has led to conflicting interpretations of the underlying force balance. By analysing an extensive set of magnetic and non-magnetic models, we focus on two length scales that achieve both energetic and dynamical relevance. The first one is the peak of the poloidal kinetic energy spectrum, which we successfully compare to crossover points on spectral representations of the force balance. In most dynamo models, this result confirms that the dominant length scale of the system is controlled by a quasi-geostrophic (QG-) MAC (Magneto-Archimedean-Coriolis) balance. In non-magnetic convection models, the analysis favours a QG-CIA (Coriolis-Inertia-Archimedean) balance. In dynamo models, we introduce a second energetically relevant length scale associated with the loss of axial invariance in the flow. We again relate this length scale to a crossover point in scale-dependent force balance diagrams, which marks the transition between large-scale geostrophy (the equilibrium of Coriolis and pressure forces) and small-scale magnetostrophy, where the Lorentz force overtakes the Coriolis force. Scaling analysis of these two energetically and dynamically relevant length scales suggests that the Earth's dynamo is controlled by a QG-MAC balance at a dominant scale of about 200 km, while magnetostrophic effects are deferred to scales smaller than 50 km.
Electronic Raman scattering in a multiband model for cuprate superconductors
Creators: name: Kupcic, Ivan
name: Barisic, Slaven
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Charge-charge, current-current and Raman correlation functions are derived in a consistent way using the unified response theory. The theory is based on the improved description of the conduction electron coupling to the external electromagnetic fields, distinguishing further the direct and indirect (assisted) scattering on the quasi-static disorder. The two scattering channels are distinguished in terms of the energy and momentum conservation laws. The theory is illustrated on the Emery three-band model for the normal state of the underdoped high-$T_c$ cuprates which includes the incoherent electron scattering on the disorder associated with the quasi-static fluctuations around the static antiferromagnetic (AF) ordering. It is shown, for the first time consistently, that the incoherent indirect processes dominate the low-frequency part of the Raman spectra, while the long-range screening which is dynamic removes the long-range forces in the $A_{1g}$ channel. In the mid-infrared frequency range the coherent AF processes are dominant. In contrast to the nonresonant $B_{1g}$ response, which is large by itself, the resonant interband transitions enhance both the $A_{1g}$ and $B_{1g}$ Raman spectra to comparable values, in good agreement with experimental observation. It is further argued that the AF correlations give rise to the mid-infrared peak in the $B_{1g}$ Raman spectrum, accompanied by a similar peak in the optical conductivity. The doping behavior of these peaks is shown to be correlated with the linear doping dependence of the Hall number, as observed in all underdoped high-$T_c$ compounds.
description: 18 pages, 14 figures; to appear in Phys. Rev. B
Generation of single colour centers by focussed nitrogen implantation
Creators: name: Meijer, J.
name: Burchard, B.
name: Domhan, M.
name: Wittmann, C.
name: Gaebel, T.
name: Popa, I.
name: Jelezko, F.
name: Wrachtrup, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single defect centers in diamond have been generated via nitrogen implantation. The defects have been investigated by single defect center fluorescence microscopy. Optical and EPR spectra unambiguously show that the produced defect is the nitrogen-vacancy colour center. An analysis of the nitrogen flux together with a determination of the number of nitrogen-vacancy centers yields that on average two 2 MeV nitrogen atoms need to be implanted per defect center.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Schmidt Analysis of Pure-State Entanglement
Creators: name: Eberly, J. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the application of Schmidt-mode analysis to pure state entanglement. Several examples permitting exact analytic calculation of Schmidt eigenvalues and eigenfunctions are included, as well as evaluation of the associated degree of entanglement.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, for C.M. Bowden memorial
Generalized Koch curves and Thue-Morse sequences
Creators: name: Li, Yao-Qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $(t_n)_{n\ge0}$ be the well konwn $\pm1$ Thue-Morse sequence $$+1,-1,-1,+1,-1,+1,+1,-1,\cdots.$$ Since the 1982-1983 work of Coquet and Dekking, it is known that $\sum_{k
Constraining New Forces in the Casimir Regime Using the Isoelectronic Technique
Creators: name: Decca, R. S.
name: Lopez, D.
name: Chan, H. B.
name: Fischbach, E.
name: Krause, D. E.
name: Jamell, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the first isoelectronic differential force measurements between a Au-coated probe and two Au-coated films, made out of Au and Ge. These measurements, performed at submicron separations using soft microelectromechanical torsional oscillators, eliminate the need for a detailed understanding of the probe-film Casimir interaction. The observed differential signal is directly converted into limits on the parameters $α$ and $λ$ which characterize Yukawa-like deviations from Newtonian gravity. We find $α\lsim 10^{12}$ for $λ\sim 200$ nm, an improvement of $\sim$ 10 over previous limits.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 1 of Midazolam for sedation before procedures in adults and children: a systematic review update
Creators: name: Conway, Aaron
name: Chang, Kristina
name: Mafeld, Sebastian
name: Sutherland, Joanna
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Methods: Expanded description of methods used in the original and updated review
ePython: An implementation of Python for the many-core Epiphany coprocessor
Creators: name: Brown, Nick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Epiphany is a many-core, low power, low on-chip memory architecture and one can very cheaply gain access to a number of parallel cores which is beneficial for HPC education and prototyping. The very low power nature of these architectures also means that there is potential for their use in future HPC machines, however there is a high barrier to entry in programming them due to the associated complexities and immaturity of supporting tools. In this paper we present our work on ePython, a subset of Python for the Epiphany and similar many-core co-processors. Due to the limited on-chip memory per core we have developed a new Python interpreter and this, combined with additional support for parallelism, has meant that novices can take advantage of Python to very quickly write parallel codes on the Epiphany and explore concepts of HPC using a smaller scale parallel machine. The high level nature of Python opens up new possibilities on the Epiphany, we examine a computationally intensive Gauss-Seidel code from the programmability and performance perspective, discuss running Python hybrid on both the host CPU and Epiphany, and interoperability between a full Python interpreter on the CPU and ePython on the Epiphany. The result of this work is support for developing Python on the Epiphany, which can be applied to other similar architectures, that the community have already started to adopt and use to explore concepts of parallelism and HPC.
description: Preprint of article in the 6th Workshop on Python for High-Performance and Scientific Computing
Scattering of a Baseball by a Bat
Creators: name: Cross, Rod
name: Nathan, Alan M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A ball can be hit faster if it is projected without spin but it can be hit farther if it is projected with backspin. Measurements are presented in this paper of the tradeoff between speed and spin for a baseball impacting a baseball bat. The results are inconsistent with a collision model in which the ball rolls off the bat and instead imply tangential compliance in the ball, the bat, or both. If the results are extrapolated to the higher speeds that are typical of the game of baseball, they suggest that a curveball can be hit with greater backspin than a fastball, but by an amount that is less than would be the case in the absence of tangential compliance.
description: Accepted for publication in American Journal of Physics
title: Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Römische Abteilung, Bd. 127 (2021)
Creators: name: Deutsches Archäologisches Institut
Publisher: name: Deutsches Archäologisches Institut
Year: 2021

description: Vorwort der Herausgeber...8–16, § 1–18 Die Halltstattkulturen und Italien während der älteren Eisenzeit...18–61, § 1–65 Sulla periodizzazione delle necropoli protostoriche di Fermo...62–109, § 1–41 Ausgrabungen in der Kleinsiedlung Babunjë bei Apollonia (Albanien)....110–144, § 1–41 The Capitoline Temple of Jupiter....146–187, § 1–40 Novae scalpturae....188–218, § 1–36 Der Brunnen der Republikanischen Thermen in Pompeji....220–253, § 1–61 Il 'comitium' e il foro di Pompei fra tarda repubblica e età imperiale....254–289, § 1–48 Un rilievo da Roma agli Uffizi....290–321, § 1–76 “da niuna cura accompagnato fuori che quella di scoprire antiche cose”....322–374, § 1–104
A Resummable beta-Function for Massless QED
Creators: name: Rosten, Oliver J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within the set of schemes defined by generalized, manifestly gauge invariant exact renormalization groups for QED, it is argued that the beta-function in the four dimensional massless theory cannot possess any nonperturbative power corrections. Consequently, the perturbative expression for the beta-function must be resummable. This argument cannot be extended to flows of the other couplings or to the anomalous dimension of the fermions and so perturbation theory does not define a unique trajectory in the critical surface of the Gaussian fixed point. Thus, resummability of the beta-function is not inconsistent with the expectation that a non-trivial fixed point does not exist.
description: 7 pages, 2 figs; v2 published version, some very minor rewording; v3 typo corrected
Additional file 2 of Midazolam for sedation before procedures in adults and children: a systematic review update
Creators: name: Conway, Aaron
name: Chang, Kristina
name: Mafeld, Sebastian
name: Sutherland, Joanna
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Search strategy: Search terms used for the original and updated review
title: The undercutting of the European Social Dimension (LIEPP Working Paper, n°07)
Creators: name: Saraceno, Chiara
Publisher: name: Sciences Po - LIEPP
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: FOS: Social sciences
valueUri: http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf

description: We are witnessing a growing schizophrenic attitude and behaviour by the EU. On the one hand, it rhetorically emphasizes social cohesion and growth (now even with a “Social Investment Pact”). On the other hand, through the economic stability pact, it compels the member states to reduce their budget, ignoring the plight of the poor, of the unemployed, of those needing social services that instead are being reduced, while also proposing to reduce the social cohesion and social funds (see the stalemate of 22-23 November 2012 on the budget) .
Additional file 3 of Midazolam for sedation before procedures in adults and children: a systematic review update
Creators: name: Conway, Aaron
name: Chang, Kristina
name: Mafeld, Sebastian
name: Sutherland, Joanna
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3. Study characteristics: Sample and intervention characteristics and outcome descriptions as well as risk of bias assessments for each study included in the updated review
Dynamic Jet Charge
Creators: name: Kang, Zhong-Bo
name: Liu, Xiaohui
name: Mantry, Sonny
name: Spraker, M. C.
name: Wilson, Tyler
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a modified definition of the jet charge, the "dynamic jet charge", where the constant jet momentum fraction weighting parameter, $κ$, in the standard jet charge definition is generalized to be a function of a dynamical property of the jet or the individual jet constituents. The dynamic jet charge can complement analyses based on the standard definition and give improved discrimination between quark and gluon initiated jets and between jets initiated by different quark flavors. We focus on the specific scenario where each hadron in the jet contributes to the dynamic jet charge with a $κ$-value dynamically determined by its jet momentum fraction. The corresponding dynamic jet charge distributions have qualitatively distinct features and are typically characterized by a multiple peak structure. For proton-proton collisions, compared to the standard jet charge, the dynamic jet charge gives significantly improved discrimination between quark and gluon initiated jets and comparable discrimination between $u$- and $d$-quark initiated jets. In Pythia simulations of heavy ion collisions, the dynamic jet charge is found to have higher jet discrimination power compared to the standard jet charge, remaining robust against the increased contamination from underlying event. We also present phenomenological applications of the dynamic jet charge to probe nuclear flavor structure.
description: 22 pages, 28 figures. Extended discussion and figures added towards the end of section V. New section (VII) added with likelihood ratio analysis of jet charge discrimination. Version to appear in Physical Review D
Additional file 4 of Midazolam for sedation before procedures in adults and children: a systematic review update
Creators: name: Conway, Aaron
name: Chang, Kristina
name: Mafeld, Sebastian
name: Sutherland, Joanna
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 4. Results: Expanded description of results for all comparisons included in the updated review
Vector mode decay in atmospheric turbulence: a quantum inspired analysis
Creators: name: Nape, Isaac
name: Mashaba, Nikiwe
name: Mphuthi, Nokwazi
name: Jayakumar, Sruthy
name: Bhattacharya, Shanti
name: Forbes, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Vector beams are inhomogeneously polarized optical fields with nonseparable, quantum-like correlations between their polarisation and spatial components, and hold tremendous promise for classical and quantum communication across various channels, e.g. the atmosphere, underwater, and in optical fibre. Here we show that by exploiting their quantum-like features by virtue of the nonseparability of the field, the decay of both the polarisation and spatial components can be studied in tandem. In particular, we invoke the principle of channel state duality to show that the degree of nonseparability of any vector mode is purely determined by that of a maximally nonseparable one, which we confirm using orbital angular momentum (OAM) as an example for topological charges of l = 1 and l = 10 in a turbulent atmosphere. A consequence is that the well-known cylindrical vector vortex beams are sufficient to predict the behaviour of all vector OAM states through the channel, and find that the rate of decay in vector quality decreases with increasing OAM value, even though the spread in OAM is opposite, increasing with OAM. Our approach offers a fast and easy probe of noisy channels, while at the same time revealing the power of quantum tools applied to classical light.