cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Parametrized Asymmetric Neutral hydrogen Disk Integrated Spectrum Characterization (PANDISC) I: Introduction to A Physically Motivated H I Model
Creators: name: Peng, Bo
name: Haynes, Martha P.
name: Ball, Catie J.
name: Jones, Michael G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Modelling the integrated H I spectra of galaxies has been a difficult task due to their diverse shapes, but more dynamical information is waiting to be explored in Hi line profiles. Based on simple assumptions, we construct a physically motivated model for the integrated Hi spectra: Parametrized Asymmetric Neutral hydrogen Disk Integrated Spectrum Characterization (PANDISC). The model shows great flexibility in reproducing the diverse Hi profiles. We use Monte-Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) for fitting the model to global H I profiles, producing statistically robust quantitative results. Comparing with several samples of H I data available in the literature , we find the model-fitted results agree with catalogued velocity widths (e.g., W50) down to the lowest S/N. The model is also shown to be useful for applications like the baryonic Tully-Fisher relation (BTFR) and profile-based sample control. By comparing v_r to v_flat , we uncover how the H I width is affected by the structure of the rotation curve, following a trend consistent with the difference in the BTFR slope. We also select a sample of spectra with broad wing-like features suggestive of a population of galaxies with unusual gas dynamics. The PANDISC model bears both promise and limitations for potential use beyond H I lines. Further application on the whole ALFALFA sample will enable us to perform large scale ensemble studies of the H I properties and dynamics in nearby galaxies.
description: 28 pages, 18 figures, accepted by ApJ
Die Grafengruft im Kapitelsaal von Kloster Wedinghausen in Arnsberg
Creators: name: Essling-Wintzer, Wolfram
name: Strohmann, Dirk
Publisher: name: Archäologie in Westfalen-Lippe
Year: 2020

description: -
description: Archäologie in Westfalen-Lippe, ARCHÄOLOGIE IN WESTFALEN-LIPPE 2018 (2019)
On one of methods for finding exact solutions of nonlinear differential equations
Creators: name: Kudryashov, Nikolai A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of old methods for finding exact solutions of nonlinear differential equations is considered. Modifications of the method are discussed. Application of the method is illustrated for finding exact solutions of the Fisher equation and nonlinear ordinary differential equation of the seven order. It is shown that the method is one of the most effective approaches for finding exact solutions of nonlinear differential equations. Merits and demerits of the method are discussed.
description: 15 pages, 27 references
Behavioural and ecological considerations in the management of elk in camp 1, Athabasca Valley, Alberta
Creators: name: Redgate, Robert M.
Publisher: name: Environmental Design
Year: 1978
Subjects: subject: SK 353 R42 1979 1979
subject: Wildlife management - Alberta - Athabasca Valley
subject: Logging - Environmental aspects - Alberta - Athabasca Valley
subject: Elk

description: Bibliography: p. 131-140.
Observation of one-way Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering
Creators: name: Händchen, Vitus
name: Eberle, Tobias
name: Steinlechner, Sebastian
name: Samblowski, Aiko
name: Franz, Torsten
name: Werner, Reinhard F.
name: Schnabel, Roman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The distinctive non-classical features of quantum physics were first discussed in the seminal paper by A. Einstein, B. Podolsky and N. Rosen (EPR) in 1935. In his immediate response E. Schrödinger introduced the notion of entanglement, now seen as the essential resource in quantum information as well as in quantum metrology. Furthermore he showed that at the core of the EPR argument is a phenomenon which he called steering. In contrast to entanglement and violations of Bell's inequalities, steering implies a direction between the parties involved. Recent theoretical works have precisely defined this property. Here we present an experimental realization of two entangled Gaussian modes of light by which in fact one party can steer the other but not conversely. The generated one-way steering gives a new insight into quantum physics and may open a new field of applications in quantum information.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
SpK: A fast atomic and microphysics code for the high-energy-density regime
Creators: name: Crilly, A. J.
name: Niasse, N. P. L.
name: Fraser, A. R.
name: Chapman, D. A.
name: McLean, K. M.
name: Rose, S. J.
name: Chittenden, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: SpK is part of the numerical codebase at Imperial College London used to model high energy density physics (HEDP) experiments. SpK is an efficient atomic and microphysics code used to perform detailed configuration accounting calculations of electronic and ionic stage populations, opacities and emissivities for use in post-processing and radiation hydrodynamics simulations. This is done using screened hydrogenic atomic data supplemented by the NIST energy level database. An extended Saha model solves for chemical equilibrium with extensions for non-ideal physics, such as ionisation potential depression, and non thermal equilibrium corrections. A tree-heap (treap) data structure is used to store spectral data, such as opacity, which is dynamic thus allowing easy insertion of points around spectral lines without a-priori knowledge of the ion stage populations. Results from SpK are compared to other codes and descriptions of radiation transport solutions which use SpK data are given. The treap data structure and SpK's computational efficiency allows inline post-processing of 3D hydrodynamics simulations with a dynamically evolving spectrum stored in a treap.
Kloake und Brunnen am Steingraben 10 in Soest – Hinweise auf eine Vorbesiedlung
Creators: name: Heinze, Frederik
Publisher: name: Archäologie in Westfalen-Lippe
Year: 2020

description: -
description: Archäologie in Westfalen-Lippe, ARCHÄOLOGIE IN WESTFALEN-LIPPE 2018 (2019)
The volumetric star formation law in nearby galaxies
Creators: name: Bacchini, C.
name: Fraternali, F.
name: Pezzulli, G.
name: Iorio, G.
name: Marasco, A.
name: Nipoti, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Star formation laws are empirical relations between the cold gas (HI+H$_2$) content of a galaxy and its star formation rate (SFR), being crucial for any model of galaxy formation and evolution. A well known example of such laws is the Schmidt-Kennicutt law, which is based on the projected surface densities. However, it has been long unclear whether a more fundamental relation exists between the intrinsic volume densities. By assuming the vertical hydrostatic equilibrium, we infer radial profiles for the thickness of gaseous discs in a sample of 23 local galaxies, and use these measurements to convert the observed surface densities of the gas and the SFR into the de-projected volume densities. We find a tight correlation linking these quantities, that we call the volumetric star formation law. This relation and its properties have crucial implications for our understanding of the physics of star formation.
description: 3 pages, 1 figure, Proceedings IAU Symposium 373, accepted
Centric selection: a way to tune the exploration/exploitation trade-off
Creators: name: Simoncini, David
name: Verel, Sébastien
name: Collard, Philippe
name: Clergue, Manuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we study the exploration / exploitation trade-off in cellular genetic algorithms. We define a new selection scheme, the centric selection, which is tunable and allows controlling the selective pressure with a single parameter. The equilibrium model is used to study the influence of the centric selection on the selective pressure and a new model which takes into account problem dependent statistics and selective pressure in order to deal with the exploration / exploitation trade-off is proposed: the punctuated equilibria model. Performances on the quadratic assignment problem and NK-Landscapes put in evidence an optimal exploration / exploitation trade-off on both of the classes of problems. The punctuated equilibria model is used to explain these results.
Mehl, Salz und peruanischer Guano – Bleiplombenfunde aus Dortmund
Creators: name: Niederhöfer, Kai
name: Brink-Kloke, Henriette
name: Luther, Ingmar
Publisher: name: Archäologie in Westfalen-Lippe
Year: 2020

description: -
description: Archäologie in Westfalen-Lippe, ARCHÄOLOGIE IN WESTFALEN-LIPPE 2018 (2019)
Evidence for supernova feedback sustaining gas turbulence in nearby star-forming galaxies
Creators: name: Bacchini, C.
name: Fraternali, F.
name: Pezzulli, G.
name: Iorio, G.
name: Marasco, A.
name: Nipoti, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: HI and CO observations indicate that the cold gas in galaxies is very turbulent. However, the turbulent energy is expected to be quickly dissipated, implying that some energy source is needed to explain the observations. The nature of such turbulence was long unclear, as even the main candidate, supernova (SN) feedback, seemed insufficient. Other mechanisms have been proposed, but without reaching a general consensus. The key novelty of our work is considering that the gas disc thickness and flaring increase the dissipation timescale of turbulence, thus reducing the energy injection rate required to sustain it. In excellent agreement with the theoretical expectations, we found that the fraction of the SN energy (a.k.a. SN coupling efficiency) needed to maintain the cold gas turbulence is $\sim 1$%, solving a long-standing conundrum.
description: 3 pages, 1 figure, Proceedings IAU Symposium 373, accepted
Identification of Heterogeneous Elastic Properties in Stenosed Arteries: a Numerical Plane Strain Study
Creators: name: Franquet, Alexandre
name: Avril, Stéphane
name: Badel, Pierre
name: Riche, Rodolphe Le
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Assessing the vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaques requires an accurate knowledge of the mechanical properties of the plaque constituents. It is possible to measure displacements in vivo inside a plaque using magnetic resonance imaging. An important issue is to solve the inverse problem that consists in estimating the elastic properties inside the plaque from measured displacements. This study focuses on the identifiability of elastic parameters e.g. on the compromise between identification time and identification accuracy. An idealised plane strain. Finite Element (FE) model is used. The effects of the FE mesh, of the a priori assumptions about the constituents, of the measurement resolution and of the data noise are numerically investigated.
Steinhauser Hütte in Witten – ein industriegeschichtliches Denkmal europäischen Ranges
Creators: name: Essling-Wintzer, Wolfram
name: Höller, Jann Henrik
name: Luke, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Archäologie in Westfalen-Lippe
Year: 2020

description: -
description: Archäologie in Westfalen-Lippe, ARCHÄOLOGIE IN WESTFALEN-LIPPE 2018 (2019)
Resource inventory and management plan for the Nyika National Park, Malawi
Creators: name: Mill, Thomas A.
Publisher: name: Environmental Design
Year: 1979
Subjects: subject: SB 484 M54 1979 Microfiche
subject: National parks and reserves - Malawi - Nyika National Park
subject: Ecology - Malawi - Nyika National Park
subject: Conservation of natural resources - Malawi - Nyika National Park

description: Bibliography: p. 142-150.
Entangled photons from the polariton vacuum in a switchable optical cavity
Creators: name: Auer, Adrian
name: Burkard, Guido
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study theoretically the entanglement of two-photon states in the ground state of the intersubband cavity system, the so-called polariton vacuum. The system consists of a sequence of doped quantum wells located inside a microcavity and the photons can interact with intersubband excitations inside the quantum wells. Using an explicit solution for the ground state of the system, operated in the ultrastrong coupling regime, a post-selection is introduced, where only certain two-photon states are considered and analyzed for mode entanglement. We find that a fast quench of the coupling creates entangled photons and that the degree of entanglement depends on the absolute values of the in-plane wave vectors of the photons. Maximally entangled states can be generated by choosing the appropriate modes in the post-selection.
description: 9+ pages, 7 figures
Fluid-structure interaction simulations in liquid-lead
Creators: name: Gregson, James
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: An Eulerian compressible ﬂow solver suitable for simulating liquid-lead ﬂows involving ﬂuid-structure interaction, cavitation and free surfaces was developed and applied to investigation of a magnetized target fusion reactor concept. The numerical methods used and results of common test cases are presented. Simulations were then performed to assess the smoothing properties of interacting mechanically generated shocks in liquid lead, as well as the early-time collapse behavior of cavities due to free surface reﬂection of such shocks. An empirical formula to estimate shock smoothness based on the shock smoothing results is presented, and issues related to shock driven cavity collapse in liquid liner magnetized target fusion reactors are presented and discussed.
Root cell-type specific expressions of bacterial mercury transporter MerC and plant SNARE SYP121 fusion protein differentially affect cadmium accumulation patterns of Arabidopsis
Creators: name: Uraguchi, Shimpei
name: Ohshiro, Yuka
name: Abe, Kaede
name: Tsuchiya, Yuta
name: Nakamura, Ryosuke
name: Takanezawa, Yasukazu
name: Kiyono, Masako
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: There is increasing demand for solutions against cadmium pollution to secure food safety, and phytoremediation is one of the potential tools. We previously found that a bacterial mercury transporter MerC possesses cadmium uptake activity and its overexpression as a fusion protein with a plasma-membrane resident SNARE protein, SYP121 enhances the cadmium uptake ability of Arabidopsis plants. In this study, we examined whether two different root cell-type specific expression systems of MerC-SYP121 fusion protein could efficiently enhance cadmium accumulation of Arabidopsis plants, compared to the p35S-driven ubiquitous expression system. Representative transgenic lines expressing MerC-SYP121 in root surface cells (pEpi lines) or root endodermal cells (pSCR lines), established in our previous studies, were subjected to different cadmium treatments along with the p35S line. A vertical agar plate assay showed that root surface-specific line pEpi, as well as the p35S line, showed about 15% higher cadmium accumulation in shoots after one-day 10 µM cadmium treatment, compared to the wild-type Col-0. On the other hand, the endodermis-specific line pSCR accumulated 30% less cadmium in its shoots. A similar cadmium accumulation pattern in shoots was observed under the environmentally relevant much lower cadmium treatment of 0.1 µM for 4 d, using the hydroponic culture system. To further examine the potential of the MerC-SYP121 expression system for cadmium phytoremediation, the transgenic plants were hydroponically exposed to 0.1 µM for 4 weeks. The cadmium accumulation after the 4 weeks of treatment was again 16% higher in the pEpi shoots compared to that of Col-0, whereas the p35S line only showed 6% higher Cd concentration. Shoots of the pSCR line accumulated slightly less cadmium compared to Col-0. Ionomic profiles in these plants were analyzed, however, pSCR-specific patterns were not evident. Nevertheless, in our previous studies, pEpi and pSCR lines both efficiently accumulated more mercury in shoots than in the wild-type. The presented results suggest that the effects of cell-type-specific MerC-SYP121 expression differ by the target metals and its expression in root surface cells rather than that in endodermis is suitable for enhancing root cadmium uptake and subsequent shoot accumulation.
Untersuchungen an Erschießungsorten des Zweiten Weltkriegs im Sauerland
Creators: name: Weidner, Marcus
name: Zeiler, Manuel
Publisher: name: Archäologie in Westfalen-Lippe
Year: 2020

description: -
description: Archäologie in Westfalen-Lippe, ARCHÄOLOGIE IN WESTFALEN-LIPPE 2018 (2019)
IRAS\,11472-0800: an extremely depleted pulsating binary post-AGB star
Creators: name: Van Winckel, Hans
name: Hrivnak, Bruce J.
name: Gorlova, Nadya
name: Gielen, clio
name: Lu, Wenxian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We focus here on one particular and poorly studied object, IRAS11472-0800. It is a highly evolved post-Asymptotic Giant Branch (post-AGB) star of spectral type F, with a large infrared excess produced by thermal emission of circumstellar dust. We deploy a multi-wavelength study which includes the analyses of optical and IR spectra as well as a variability study based on photometric and spectroscopic time-series. The spectral energy distribution (SED) properties as well as the highly processed silicate N-band emission show that the dust in IRAS11472-0800 is likely trapped in a stable disc. The energetics of the SED and the colour variability show that our viewing angle is close to edge-on and that the optical flux is dominated by scattered light. With photospheric abundances of [Fe/H] = -2.7 and [Sc/H]=-4.2, we discovered that IRAS11472-0800 is one of the most chemically-depleted objects known to date. Moreover, IRAS11472-0800 is a pulsating star with a period of 31.16 days and a peak-to-peak amplitude of 0.6 mag in V. The radial velocity variability is strongly influenced by the pulsations, but the significant cycle-to-cycle variability is systematic on a longer time scale, which we interpret as evidence for binary motion. We conclude that IRAS11472-0800 is a pulsating binary star surrounded by a circumbinary disc. The line-of-sight towards the object lies close the the orbital plane making that the optical light is dominated by scattered light. IRAS11472-0800 is one of the most chemically-depleted objects known so far and links the dusty RV\,Tauri stars to the non-pulsating class of strongly depleted objects.
description: 12 pages, 14 figures Accepted for publication in A&A Main Journal
Altitude distribution of electron concentration in ionospheric D-region in presence of time-varying solar radiation flux
Creators: name: Nina, A.
name: Cadez, V.
name: Sreckovic, V.
name: Sulic, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we study the influence of solar flares on electron concentration in the terrestrial ionospheric D-region by analyzing the amplitude and phase time variations of very low frequency (VLF) radio waves emitted by DHO transmitter (Germany) and recorded by the AWESOME receiver in Belgrade (Serbia) in real time. The rise of photo-ionization rate in the ionospheric D-region is a typical consequence of solar flare activity as recorded by GOES-15 satellite for the event on March 24, 2011 between 12:01 UT and 12:11 UT. At altitudes around 70 km, the photo-ionization and recombination are the dominant electron gain and electron loss processes, respectively. We analyze the relative contribution of each of these two processes in the resulting electron concentration variation in perturbed ionosphere.
Production of the triply heavy $Ω_{ccc}$ and $Ω_{bbb}$ baryons at $e^+e^-$ colliders
Creators: name: Wu, Su-Zhi
name: Wu, Pei
name: Li, You-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-relativistic quantum chromodynamics (NRQCD) factorization formulism is an important approach to investigate the production of the heavy quarkonium. In this paper, we study the production of the $Ω_{ccc}$ and $Ω_{bbb}$ at the $e^+e^-$ collider, using the NRQCD factorization formulism. We calculate the total and differential cross sections exactly of the processes, $e^+e^-\rightarrow γ^*/Z^*\rightarrow Ω_{ccc}\bar{c}\bar{c}\bar{c}$ and $e^+e^-\rightarrow γ^*/Z^*\rightarrow Ω_{bbb}\bar{b}\bar{b}\bar{b}$, in the leading order at the $e^+e^-$ colliders with different energies. The results show that it is hard to observe them at the $e^+e^-$ collider directly.
Direct observation of magnetic cycles in Sun-like stars
Creators: name: Morgenthaler, A.
name: Petit, P.
name: Morin, J.
name: Auriere, M.
name: Dintrans, B.
name: Konstantinova-Antova, R.
name: Marsden, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A sample of 19 solar-type stars, probing masses between 0.6 and 1.4 solar mass and rotation periods between 3.4 and 43 days, was regularly observed using the NARVAL spectropolarimeter at Telescope Bernard Lyot (Pic du Midi, France) between 2007 and 2011. The Zeeman-Doppler Imaging technique is employed to reconstruct the large-scale photospheric magnetic field structure of the targets and investigate its long-term temporal evolution. We present here the first results of this project with the observation of short magnetic cycles in several stars, showing up a succession of polarity reversals over the timespan of our monitoring. Preliminary trends suggest that short cycles are more frequent for stellar periods below a dozen days and for stellar masses above about one solar mass. The cycles lengths unveiled by the direct tracking of polarity switches are significantly shorter than those derived from previous studies based on chromospheric activity monitoring, suggesting the coexistence of several magnetic timescales in a same star.
description: submitted to AN, proceedings of the 7th Potsdam Thinkshop
Where is M-theory in the space of scattering amplitudes?
Creators: name: Guerrieri, Andrea
name: Murali, Harish
name: Penedones, Joao
name: Vieira, Pedro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the S-matrix bootstrap to carve out the space of unitary, analytic, crossing symmetric and supersymmetric graviton scattering amplitudes in nine, ten and eleven dimensions. We extend and improve the numerical methods of our previous work in ten dimensions. A key new tool employed here is unitarity in the celestial sphere. In all dimensions, we find that the minimal allowed value of the Wilson coefficient $α$, controlling the leading correction to maximal supergravity, is very close but not equal to the minimal value realized in Superstring theory or M-theory. This small difference may be related to inelastic effects that are not well described by our numerical extremal amplitudes. Although $α$ has a unique value in M-theory, we found no evidence of an upper bound on $α$ in 11D.
description: 17 pages, 18 figures
RF engineering basic concepts: the Smith chart
Creators: name: Caspers, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Smith chart is a very valuable and important tool that facilitates interpretation of S-parameter measurements. This paper will give a brief overview on why and more importantly on how to use the chart. Its definition as well as an introduction on how to navigate inside the chart are illustrated. Useful examples show the broad possibilities for use of the chart in a variety of applications.
description: 22 pages, contribution to the CAS - CERN Accelerator School: Specialised Course on RF for Accelerators; 8 - 17 Jun 2010, Ebeltoft, Denmark
Second Josephson excitations beyond mean field as a toy model for thermal pressure: exact quantum dynamics and the quantum phase model
Creators: name: Strzys, M. P.
name: Anglin, J. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simple four-mode Bose-Hubbard model with intrinsic time scale separation can be considered as a paradigm for mesoscopic quantum systems in thermal contact. In our previous work we showed that in addition to coherent particle exchange, a novel slow collective excitation can be identified by a series of Holstein-Primakoff transformations. This resonant energy exchange mode is not predicted by linear Bogoliubov theory, and its frequency is sensitive to interactions among Bogoliubov quasi-particles; it may be referred to as a second Josephson oscillation, in analogy to the second sound mode of liquid Helium II. In this paper we will explore this system beyond the Gross-Pitaevskii mean field regime. We directly compare the classical mean field dynamics to the exact full quantum many-particle dynamics and show good agreement over a large range of the system parameters. The second Josephson frequency becomes imaginary for stronger interactions, however, indicating dynamical instability of the symmetric state. By means of a generalized quantum phase model for the full four-mode system, we then show that, in this regime, high-energy Bogoliubov quasiparticles tend to accumulate in one pair of sites, while the actual particles preferentially occupy the opposite pair. We interpret this as a simple model for thermal pressure.
The Vacuum Energy Density and Gravitational Entropy
Creators: name: Freidel, Laurent
name: Kowalski-Glikman, Jerzy
name: Leigh, Robert G.
name: Minic, Djordje
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The failure to calculate the vacuum energy is a central problem in theoretical physics. Presumably the problem arises from the insistent use of effective field theory reasoning in a context that is well beyond its intended scope. If one follows this path, one is led inevitably to statistical or anthropic reasoning for observations. It appears that a more palatable resolution of the vacuum energy problem requires some form of UV/IR feedback. In this paper we take the point of view that such feedback can be thought of as arising by defining a notion of quantum space-time. We reformulate the regularized computation of vacuum energy in such a way that it can be interpreted in terms of a sum over elementary phase space volumes, that we identify with a ground state degeneracy. This observation yields a precise notion of UV/IR feedback, while leaving a scale unfixed. Here we argue that holography can be thought to provide a key piece of information: we show that equating this microscopic ground state degeneracy with macroscopic gravitational entropy yields a prediction for the vacuum energy that can easily be consistent with observations. Essentially, the smallness of the vacuum energy is tied to the large size of the Universe. We discuss how within this scenario notions of effective field theory can go so wrong.
description: 6 pages
Estimation of P retention capacity by the water content of soil kept with a saturated NaCl solution in a desiccator
Creators: name: Nishigaki, Tomohiro
name: Tsujimoto, Yasuhiro
name: Rakotonindrina, Hobimiarantsoa
name: Andriamananjara, Andry
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Virology

description: Phosphorus (P) retention capacity is an important soil parameter for site-specific nutrient management in croplands as well as a diagnostic criterion for classifying Andic properties. Air-dried soil water content is positively correlated with P retention capacity and has been proposed as a simple P retention capacity index; however, air humidity can affect the water content of air-dried soils. Therefore, in the present study, we 1) tested whether the water content of air-dried soils can be stabilized when they are kept with a saturated sodium chloride (NaCl) solution in a closed desiccator and 2) developed a model for predicting P retention capacity across various soil types. We tested 306 soil samples from paddy rice fields in Madagascar, exhibiting P retention capacities of 10.1–96.1%. Placing a saturated NaCl solution with the soil samples in a closed desiccator for one week kept the relative humidity inside the desiccator at 57–66%, regardless of the temperature and relative humidity outside the desiccator. The accuracy of the model predicting P retention capacity by soil water content was higher when soils were kept with the saturated NaCl solution [R2 = 0.870; root mean square error (RMSE) = 8.30] than without the solution (R2 = 0.812; RMSE = 9.96) at room temperature. The high correlation between P retention capacity and soil water content was mainly attributed to Al oxides. Additionally, the reproducibility of soil water content was enhanced by this method under different relative humidity conditions. However, compared with room temperature, controlling the temperature at 15°C and 30°C did not further improve the accuracy of the model when the soils were kept in the desiccator with saturated NaCl solution, although soil water content was higher at 30°C than at 15°C and room temperature. Therefore, we conclude that soil P retention capacity can be simply and accurately estimated with high reproducibility according to the water content of soils kept with saturated NaCl solution in a closed desiccator for one week at a room temperature.
Taxonomy, evolution, and stratigraphic value of Azolla and Azollopsis in the upper Cretaceous and early Tertiary
Creators: name: Sweet, A. R. (Arthur R.)
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 1972
Subjects: subject: QE 961 S96 1972
subject: Ferns, Fossil
subject: Paleobotany - Cretaceous
subject: Paleobotany - Tertiary

description: Bibliography: p. 335-340.
Taxonomy and ecology of Testacea (Rhizopoda) in Rocky Mountain soils (Kananaskis Valley, Alberta, Canada)
Creators: name: Lousier, Joseph Daniel
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 1972
Subjects: subject: QL 368 R4 L67 1972
subject: Rhizopoda
subject: Soil biology

description: Bibliography: p. 153-159.
Traveling and pinned fronts in bistable reaction-diffusion systems on network
Creators: name: Kouvaris, Nikos E.
name: Kori, Hiroshi
name: Mikhailov, Alexander S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Traveling fronts and stationary localized patterns in bistable reaction-diffusion systems have been broadly studied for classical continuous media and regular lattices. Analogs of such non-equilibrium patterns are also possible in networks. Here, we consider traveling and stationary patterns in bistable one-component systems on random Erdös-Rényi, scale-free and hierarchical tree networks. As revealed through numerical simulations, traveling fronts exist in network-organized systems. They represent waves of transition from one stable state into another, spreading over the entire network. The fronts can furthermore be pinned, thus forming stationary structures. While pinning of fronts has previously been considered for chains of diffusively coupled bistable elements, the network architecture brings about significant differences. An important role is played by the degree (the number of connections) of a node. For regular trees with a fixed branching factor, the pinning conditions are analytically determined. For large Erdös-Rényi and scale-free networks, the mean-field theory for stationary patterns is constructed.
Genetic alterations and lineage specificity in lung cancer
Creators: name: Lockwood, William W.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Background: Lung cancer is the world's leading cause of cancer mortality. The main factors contributing to this are the late stage of disease at the time of diagnosis and a lack of effective chemotherapeutic strategies. A better understanding of the molecular origins and basic biology of lung cancer will lead to the development of early detection techniques and novel therapies to address these issues. I applied an integrative genomics approach utilizing high-resolution whole genome profiling technologies to uncover causal gene disruption in lung cancer and identify candidates associated with the development of specific lung cancer subtypes. Hypotheses: (i) Genes key to lung tumorigenesis will be identified in recurrently altered genomic regions. (ii) Lung cancer subtypes require distinct genetic alterations for neoplastic development. Materials/ Methods: DNA copy number data from lung cancer specimens were integrated with expression data to identify genes contributing to tumorigenesis. Subsequently, this approach was applied to compare lung cancer subtypes to discover genes and pathways specifically disrupted in each. Quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were performed to validate results from microarray experiments and cell models were utilized to confirm the functional significance of identified genes. Results: I identified novel gene candidates frequently deregulated in lung cancer which contribute to tumorigenesis, supporting the first hypothesis. In addition, the comparison of lung cancer subtypes identified subtype-specific genetic events and delineated genes and pathways important in their differential development, supporting the second hypothesis. Significantly, I discovered a novel squamous cell lineage specific oncogene, BRF2, which affects polymerase III transcribed genes. Conclusions: Integrative genomic analysis is an effective means for identifying key gene disruptions in lung cancer. Furthermore, these findings suggest that lung cancer subtypes require distinct genetic alterations for tumorigenesis, uncovering the specific targets disrupted by these alterations for the first time. Most importantly, activation of BRF2 represents a novel mechanism of tumorigenesis through the increase of polymerase III mediated transcription and the targeted activation of this gene in SqCC suggests that it may be an excellent candidate for new treatment strategies tailored to this subtype. Together, this work highlights the need for tailoring therapies to the specific cancer subtypes.
JAX-FEM: A differentiable GPU-accelerated 3D finite element solver for automatic inverse design and mechanistic data science
Creators: name: Xue, Tianju
name: Liao, Shuheng
name: Gan, Zhengtao
name: Park, Chanwook
name: Xie, Xiaoyu
name: Liu, Wing Kam
name: Cao, Jian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Software (cs.MS)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper introduces JAX-FEM, an open-source differentiable finite element method (FEM) library. Constructed on top of Google JAX, a rising machine learning library focusing on high-performance numerical computing, JAX-FEM is implemented with pure Python while scalable to efficiently solve problems with moderate to large sizes. For example, in a 3D tensile loading problem with 7.7 million degrees of freedom, JAX-FEM with GPU achieves around 10$\times$ acceleration compared to a commercial FEM code depending on platform. Beyond efficiently solving forward problems, JAX-FEM employs the automatic differentiation technique so that inverse problems are solved in a fully automatic manner without the need to manually derive sensitivities. Examples of 3D topology optimization of nonlinear materials are shown to achieve optimal compliance. Finally, JAX-FEM is an integrated platform for machine learning-aided computational mechanics. We show an example of data-driven multi-scale computations of a composite material where JAX-FEM provides an all-in-one solution from microscopic data generation and model training to macroscopic FE computations. The source code of the library and these examples are shared with the community to facilitate computational mechanics research.
TEI Piraeus students' knowledge on the beneficial applications of nuclear physics: Nuclear energy, radioactivity - consequences
Creators: name: Pilakouta, Mirofora
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent nuclear accident in Japan revealed the confusion and the inadequate knowledge of the citizens about the issues of nuclear energy, nuclear applications, radioactivity and their consequences In this work we present the first results of an ongoing study which aims to evaluate the knowledge and the views of Greek undergraduate students on the above issues. A web based survey was conducted and 131 students from TEI Piraeus answered a multiple choice questionnaire with questions of general interest on nuclear energy, nuclear applications, radioactivity and their consequences. The survey showed that students, like the general population, have a series of faulty views on general interest nuclear issues. Furthermore, the first results indicate that our educational system is not so effective as source of information on these issues in comparison to the media and internet
description: 7 pages, 1 table, 1figure, presented in the International Scientific Conference eRA - 6, The Conference for the contribution of Information Technology to Science, Economy, Society and Education, Piraeus- Greece, 19 - 24/9/2011
Kramers rate theory of ionization and dissociation of bound states
Creators: name: Zaccone, Alessio
name: Terentjev, Eugene M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Calculating the microscopic dissociation rate of a bound state, such as a classical diatomic molecule, has been difficult so far. The problem was that standard theories require an energy barrier over which the bound particle (or state) escapes into the preferred low-energy state. This is not the case when the long-range repulsion responsible for the barrier is either absent or screened (as in Cooper pairs, ionized plasma, or biomolecular complexes). We solve this classical problem by accounting for entropic memory at the microscopic level. The theory predicts dissociation rates for arbitrary potentials and is successfully tested on the example of plasma, where it yields an estimate of ionization in the core of Sun in excellent agreement with experiments. In biology, the new theory accounts for crowding in receptor-ligand kinetics and protein aggregation.
Interplay between spin wave and magnetic vortex
Creators: name: Gao, Zhongchen
name: Wang, Feifei
name: Zhao, Xiangyong
name: Wang, Tao
name: Hu, Jingguo
name: Yan, Peng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, the interplay between spin wave and magnetic vortex is studied. We find three types of magnon scatterings: skew scattering, symmetric side deflection and back reflection, which associate with respectively magnetic topology, energy density distribution and linear momentum transfer torque within vortex. The vortex core exhibits two translational modes: the intrinsic circular mode and a coercive elliptical mode, which can be excited based on permanent and periodic magnon spin-transfer torque effects of spin wave. Lastly, we propose a vortex-based spin wave valve in which via inhomogeneity modulation we access arbitrary control of the phase shift.
description: 33 pages, 23 figures, 1 table
NK landscapes difficulty and Negative Slope Coefficient: How Sampling Influences the Results
Creators: name: Vanneschi, Leonardo
name: Verel, Sébastien
name: Collard, Philippe
name: Tomassini, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Negative Slope Coefficient is an indicator of problem hardness that has been introduced in 2004 and that has returned promising results on a large set of problems. It is based on the concept of fitness cloud and works by partitioning the cloud into a number of bins representing as many different regions of the fitness landscape. The measure is calculated by joining the bins centroids by segments and summing all their negative slopes. In this paper, for the first time, we point out a potential problem of the Negative Slope Coefficient: we study its value for different instances of the well known NK-landscapes and we show how this indicator is dramatically influenced by the minimum number of points contained into a bin. Successively, we formally justify this behavior of the Negative Slope Coefficient and we discuss pros and cons of this measure.
A Compressed Sensing Framework of Frequency-Sparse Signals through Chaotic Systems
Creators: name: Liu, Zhong
name: Chen, Shengyao
name: Xi, Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper proposes a compressed sensing (CS) framework for the acquisition and reconstruction of frequency-sparse signals with chaotic dynamical systems. The sparse signal is acting as an excitation term of a discrete-time chaotic system and the compressed measurement is obtained by downsampling the system output. The reconstruction is realized through the estimation of the excitation coefficients with principle of impulsive chaos synchronization. The -norm regularized nonlinear least squares is used to find the estimation. The proposed framework is easily implementable and creates secure measurements. The Henon map is used as an example to illustrate the principle and the performance.
description: 20 pages, 10 figures, submitted to international journal of bifurcation and chaos
Investigation of iron-reducing and iron-oxidizing bacterial communities in the rice rhizosphere of iron-toxic paddy field: a case study in Burkina Faso, West Africa
Creators: name: Watanabe, Takeshi
name: Kato, Kento
name: Kawaguchi, Kohei
name: Oga, Toshiya
name: Ban, Yoshinori
name: Otoidobiga, Cécile Harmonie
name: Sawadogo, Adama
name: Wonni, Issa
name: Ouedraogo, Léonard S.
name: Zongo, Jean Didier
name: Dianou, Dayéri
name: Asakawa, Susumu
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology

description: Iron (Fe) toxicity in rice is one of the serious problems in some paddy fields in West African areas. Microbial community structures involved in the redox cycle of Fe have not been revealed in the Fe-toxic paddy fields. The present study investigated the bacterial community structure and the abundance of Gallionellaceae, Geobacteraceae, and Anaeromyxobacteraceae, as the representative indicator bacteria of Fe oxidizers and reducers, in the bulk and rhizosphere soils and rice roots of a Fe-toxic paddy field in Burkina Faso (BF)in 2017–2019. Thosein a paddy field in Anjo, Japan (AN) were also analyzed for comparison. The amplicon sequencing analysis revealed that the BF rhizosphere soil was characterized by typical anaerobic bacterial groups like Firmicutes and Deltaproteobacteria, including several potential Fe reducers. The relative abundance of Gallionellaceae, lithotrophic Fe oxidizers, in the BF rice roots was significantly lower than that in the AN rice roots. Quantitative PCR analysis showed that the ratios of Gallionellaceae to Geobacteraceae and to Anaeromyxobacteraceae were higher in the rice roots than in the soils irrespective of the fields. However, the ratios of Gallionellaceae to Geobacteraceae were lower in the BF soils and roots than in the AN soils and roots. The ratios of Gallionellaceae to Anaeromyxobacteraceae in the BF soils were also lower than those in the AN soils. These findings indicated the relative predominance of Geobacter- and Anaeromyxobacter-related Fe reducers over Gallionellaceae-related Fe oxidizers in the rice rhizosphere of the BF field, corresponding well to the circumstances of Fe-toxic soil: higher Fe(II) amounts in the soil. Since Fe(II)-oxidizing activity at rice roots is an important factor as a primary defense system against Fe(II) in the soil solution, the ratios of Gallionellaceae to Geobacteraceae and to Anaeromyxobacteraceae may serve as an indicator of potential Fe(II)-oxidizing activity of rice rhizosphere. Further studies focusing on the activity of Fe oxidizers and Fe reducers at rice roots under effective cultivation practices and in various types of Fe-toxic paddy fields will help to promote a better understanding of the Fe-toxic soil circumstances and to establish sustainable rice cultivation in the Fe-toxic soils.