cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The 'Genetics Turn' in Disease History: What It Means to 'Retrospectively Diagnose' in an Age of Evolutionary Pathogen Histories
Creators: name: Green, Monica H.
Publisher: name: Knowledge Commons
Year: 2025

description: This is an abbreviated summary of arguments presented at the session "Medical Modernities" organized by the Society for Ancient Medicine and Pharmacology at the Society for Classical Studies 2025 meeting in Philadelphia. The essay summarizes some of the key ways that the history of infectious diseases can now draw on results from the scientific fields of bioarchaeology and palaeogenomics to reconstruct narratives across time and even across species. However, even these results are limited, making constructive dialogue across many disciplines involved in disease history (including the humanities) crucial to further progress in the field.
Topological edge floppy modes in disordered fiber networks
Creators: name: Zhou, Di
name: Zhang, Leyou
name: Mao, Xiaoming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Disordered fiber networks are ubiquitous in a broad range of natural (e.g., cytoskeleton) and manmade (e.g., aerogels) materials. In this paper, we discuss the emergence of topological floppy edge modes in these fiber networks as a result of deformation or active driving. It is known that a network of straight fibers exhibits bulk floppy modes which only bend the fibers without stretching them. We find that, interestingly, with a perturbation in geometry, these bulk modes evolve into edge modes. We introduce a topological index for these edge modes and discuss their implications in biology.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
Satureja montana Linnaeus 1753
Creators: name: Jarvis, Charlie
Publisher: name: Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Lamiales
Lamiaceae
Satureja
Satureja montana

description: Satureja montana Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 2: 568. 1753.
"Habitat in Hetruria, Narbona." RCN: 4158.
 Lectotype (López González in Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 38: 388. 1982): Herb. Linn. No. 723.6 (LINN).
 Current name:  Satureja montana  L. (Lamiaceae).
description: Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part S), pp. 806-877 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 818, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971
Nitric oxide-generating silicone as a blood-contacting biomaterial.
Creators: name: Kagya A. Amoako
name: Cook, Keith
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: 90399 Biomedical Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Medical engineering

description: Coagulation upon blood-contacting biomaterials remains a problem for short- and long-term clinical applications. This study examined the ability of copper(II)-doped silicone surfaces to generate nitric oxide (NO) and locally inhibit coagulation. Silicone was doped with 3-μm copper [Cu(0)] particles yielding 3 to 10 weight percent (wt%) Cu in 70-μm thick Cu/silicone polymeric matrix composites (Cu/Si PMCs). At 3, 5, 8, and 10 wt% Cu doping, the surface expression of Cu was 12.1% ± 2.8%, 19.7% ± 5.4%, 29.0% ± 3.8%, and 33.8% ± 6.5%, respectively. After oxidizing Cu(0) to Cu(II) by spontaneous corrosion, NO flux, J(NO) (mol · cm(-2) · min(-1)), as measured by chemiluminescence, increased with surface Cu expression according to the relationship J(NO) = (1.63%SA(Cu) - 0.81) × 10(-11), R(2) = 0.98, where %SA(Cu) is the percentage of surface occupied by Cu. NO flux at 10 wt% Cu was 5.35 ± 0.74 × 10(-10) mol · cm(-2) · min(-1). The clotting time of sheep blood exposed to these surfaces was 80 ± 13 seconds with pure silicone and 339 ± 44 seconds when 10 wt% Cu(II) was added. Scanning electron microscopies (SEMs) of coatings showed clots occurred away from exposed Cu dendrites. In conclusion, Cu/Si PMCs inhibit coagulation in a dose-dependent fashion related to the extent of copper exposure on the coated surface.
Memories of the War - Salvation Army Band
Creators: name: Project Team, Their Finest Hour
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 430304
subject: British history
classificationCode: 430308
subject: European history (excl. British, classical Greek and Roman)
classificationCode: 430316
subject: International history

description: My father was called up in 1941, returning in 1945 having served the whole war in Egypt and Iraq in the REME corps (Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers).Father played in the Salvation Army Band. He realised that there were many Salvation Army bandsmen serving in the Middle East. They joined together calling themselves the Cairo Red Shield Band. To this day they are the only Salvation Army Band to have played in Jerusalem.Instruments were sent out by boats but these were destroyed when the boat was sunk. Replacements were raised from an appeal around the UK. There was a celebration in 1944 commemorating the arrival of the first delivery of instruments. My father collected the bandsmen's autographs and played the trombone.Father sent regular letters home to his wife who wrote to him. They are full of holes where they were redacted for security reasons.
The Twin Higgs: Natural Electroweak Breaking from Mirror Symmetry
Creators: name: Chacko, Z.
name: Goh, Hock-Seng
name: Harnik, Roni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present `twin Higgs models', simple realizations of the Higgs as a pseudo-Goldstone boson that protect the weak scale from radiative corrections up to scales of order 5 - 10 TeV. In the ultra-violet these theories have a discrete symmetry which interchanges each Standard Model particle with a corresponding particle which transforms under a twin or mirror Standard Model gauge group. In addition, the Higgs sector respects an approximate global SU(4) symmetry. When this global symmetry is broken, the discrete symmetry tightly constrains the form of corrections to the pseudo-Goldstone Higgs potential, allowing natural electroweak symmetry breaking. Precision electroweak constraints are satisfied by construction. These models demonstrate that, contrary to the conventional wisdom, stabilizing the weak scale does not require new light particles charged under the Standard Model gauge groups.
description: 5 pages. Updated to the journal version
Cunila origanoides Britton 1894
Creators: name: Jarvis, Charlie
Publisher: name: Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Lamiales
Lamiaceae
Cunila
Cunila origanoides

description: Satureja origanoides Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 2: 568. 1753.
"Habitat in Virginia." RCN: 169.
 Replaced synonym of: Cunila mariana L. (1762), nom. illeg.
 Lectotype (Reveal & al. in Huntia 7: 215. 1987): Kalm, Herb. Linn. No. 38.1 (LINN).
 Current name:  Cunila origanoides  (L.) Britton (Lamiaceae).
 Note: Although Epling (in J. Bot. 67: 7. 1929) noted a Kalm sheet in LINN, and Clayton material as a standard specimen, this is not equivalent to a type statement (see Jarvis & al. in Taxon 50: 508. 2001).
description: Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part S), pp. 806-877 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 818, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971
Analysis of femtosecond pump-probe photoelectron-photoion coincidence measurements applying Bayesian probability theory
Creators: name: Rumetshofer, M.
name: Heim, P.
name: Thaler, B.
name: Ernst, W. E.
name: Koch, M.
name: von der Linden, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultrafast dynamical processes in photoexcited molecules can be observed with pump-probe measurements, in which information about the dynamics is obtained from the transient signal associated with the excited state. Background signals provoked by pump and/or probe pulses alone often obscure these excited state signals. Simple subtraction of pump-only and/or probe-only measurements from the pump-probe measurement, as commonly applied, results in a degradation of the signal-to-noise ratio and, in the case of coincidence detection, the danger of overrated background subtraction. Coincidence measurements additionally suffer from false coincidences. Here we present a probabilistic approach based on Bayesian probability theory that overcomes these problems. For a pump-probe experiment with photoelectron-photoion coincidence detection we reconstruct the interesting excited-state spectrum from pump-probe and pump-only measurements. This approach allows to treat background and false coincidences consistently and on the same footing. We demonstrate that the Bayesian formalism has the following advantages over simple signal subtraction: (i) the signal-to-noise ratio is significantly increased, (ii) the pump-only contribution is not overestimated, (iii) false coincidences are excluded, (iv) prior knowledge, such as positivity, is consistently incorporated, (v) confidence intervals are provided for the reconstructed spectrum, and (vi) it is applicable to any experimental situation and noise statistics. Most importantly, by accounting for false coincidences, the Bayesian approach allows to run experiments at higher ionization rates, resulting in a significant reduction of data acquisition times. The application to pump-probe coincidence measurements on acetone molecules enables novel quantitative interpretations about the molecular decay dynamics and fragmentation behavior.
Memories of the War - Patricia Pedder & Family
Creators: name: Project Team, Their Finest Hour
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 430304
subject: British history
classificationCode: 430308
subject: European history (excl. British, classical Greek and Roman)
classificationCode: 430316
subject: International history

description: I was born in July 1937 and spent the first three years of my life in a green and white clapboard house on my Grandfather and Grandmother's land at the top of Vicarage Hill, Benfleet, which was a short distance from the Boyce Hill Golf Course. I was told that in the early years of the War, a bomb fell on the golf course which had a searchlight operating from it, and this caused all the glass windows to cave in. My brother aged eight had a near escape in bed as the glass fell on his covers. After this happened, my parents (Bertha and Leslie Watts) moved to the bottom of Essex Way where I grew up with my brother.My cousin, Ted, who lived in the farmhouse on the left going down Essex Way hill told me recently that one of my uncles climbed up a tree near the bottom of Essex Way to remove a parachute which was attached to a bomb. His mother and several neighbours used the silk to make underwear. Another time a bomb was dropped in the rabbit warren on the left going up Essex Way. The police disposal team told Ted's family to open all their windows before the bomb was dismantled. His cottage was ok, but several houses in Vicarage Hill lost their windows at the time of the bomb being disarmed.When leaving the Downs and going towards Leigh we had what we called a spinney and when we were children discovered an underground cave which was used by the ARP during the war years. It made a good camp!My father was too old for the Second World War but served in the 1914-18 war. He was an air raid warden and made sure all the blackout rules were observed in the houses at the bottom of Essex Way. My brother took great delight in watching the dog fights in the sky from the bungalow which was high up in Essex Way.In Benfleet Creek was a shipyard called Benfleet Slipway where boats were made for use in the War and many times they were targeted by enemy aircraft. Luckily Benfleet Slipway survived throughout the War and only closed in the early fifties. My father and his brother worked there until closure.I remember sleeping under the iron bedstead on a mattress in a back bedroom every night, instead of going into the Anderson shelter at the back of the garden under high trees, mainly because the shelter was a dugout and would fill up quickly with water and become uninhabitable, especially as we were at the foot of the hill in Essex Way.
Continuous production of amines directly from alkenes via cyclodextrin-mediated hydroaminomethylation using only water as the solvent
Creators: name: Roth, Thomas
name: Evertz, Rebecca
name: Kopplin, Niklas
name: Tilloy, Sébastien
name: Monflier, Eric
name: Vogt, Dieter
name: Seidensticker, Thomas
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 660

description: Aqueous hydroaminomethylation (HAM) is an atom economical route for the efficient production of amines in one reaction step, starting from basic chemicals like alkenes. Herein we present the first successful establishment of a continuous process for HAM in an aqueous multiphase system. The green mass transfer agents randomly methylated-β-cyclodextrins (CD) enabled the catalytic system consisting of rhodium/sulfoXantphos to achieve high yields of up to 70% with selectivities of up to 80% in several continuous experiments with a total run time of more than 220 h. The key here is that water and products have large polarity differences, but the reaction still proceeds effectively due to the addition of cyclodextrin, which made the application of solvents obsolete. The main achievements in this way were the investigation of the influence of the randomly methylated-β-cyclodextrin concentration on the reaction rate and the selectivity in batch studies and finding promising operating points in the first continuous experiments. In a final experiment, the separation temperature was investigated. It was shown that the catalyst loss in the product phase is enormously small at 0.003% h−1 of the initial mass (0.24% in total), which is the lowest ever reported value for the HAM on this scale. Within a run time of 78 hours, 2.87 kg of tertiary amine were produced using only 0.2 g (>14[thin space (1/6-em)]000[thin space (1/6-em)]:[thin space (1/6-em)]1) of transition metal, while the loss of rhodium per kg of product produced was mostly around 0.15 mg kg−1, suggesting possible economical applicability.
description: Green chemistry;25(9)
FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS
Creators: name: Qurbonova, Salima
name: Rajabboyeva, Sevinch
name: Toshtemirov, Alisher
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Small amounts of vitamins are required in the diet to promote growth, reproduction, and health. Vitamins A, D, E, and K are called the fat-soluble vitamins, because they are soluble in organic solvents and are absorbed and transported in a manner similar to that of fats.Vitamin A is required for the maintenance of normal mucous membranes and for normal vision.
Magnetar Corona
Creators: name: Beloborodov, A. M.
name: Thompson, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Persistent high-energy emission of magnetars is produced by a plasma corona around the neutron star, with total energy output of ~10^{36}erg/s. The corona forms as a result of occasional starquakes that twist the external magnetic field of the star and induce electric currents in the closed magnetosphere. Once twisted, the magnetosphere cannot untwist immediately because of its self-induction. The self-induction electric field lifts particles from the stellar surface, accelerates them, and initiates avalanches of pair creation in the magnetosphere. The created plasma corona maintains the electric current demanded by curl(B) and regulates the self-induction e.m.f. by screening. This corona persists in dynamic equilibrium: it is continually lost to the stellar surface on the light-crossing time and replenished with new particles. In essence, the twisted magnetosphere acts as an accelerator that converts the toroidal field energy to particle kinetic energy. The voltage along the magnetic field lines is maintained near threshold for ignition of pair production, in the regime of self-organized criticality. The voltage is found to be about 1 GeV which is in agreement with the observed dissipation rate \~10^{36}erg/s. The coronal particles impact the solid crust, knock out protons, and regulate the column density of the hydrostatic atmosphere of the star. The transition layer between the atmosphere and the corona is the likely source of the observed 100-keV emission from magnetars. The corona also emits curvature radiation up to 10^{14}Hz and can supply the observed IR-optical luminosity.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures; talk at "Isolated Neutron Stars: from the Interior to the Surface," London, April 2006
Nanowire transistor arrays for mapping neural circuits in acute brain slices.
Creators: name: Qing, Quan
name: Sumon K. Pal
name: Bozhi  Tian
name: Xiaojie  Duan
name: Timko, Brian P.
name: Itzhaq Cohen-Karni
name: Murthy, Venkatesh N.
name: Lieber, Charles M.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: 90399 Biomedical Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Medical engineering

description: Revealing the functional connectivity in natural neuronal networks is central to understanding circuits in the brain. Here, we show that silicon nanowire field-effect transistor (Si NWFET) arrays fabricated on transparent substrates can be reliably interfaced to acute brain slices. NWFET arrays were readily designed to record across a wide range of length scales, while the transparent device chips enabled imaging of individual cell bodies and identification of areas of healthy neurons at both upper and lower tissue surfaces. Simultaneous NWFET and patch clamp studies enabled unambiguous identification of action potential signals, with additional features detected at earlier times by the nanodevices. NWFET recording at different positions in the absence and presence of synaptic and ion-channel blockers enabled assignment of these features to presynaptic firing and postsynaptic depolarization from regions either close to somata or abundant in dendritic projections. In all cases, the NWFET signal amplitudes were from 0.3-3 mV. In contrast to conventional multielectrode array measurements, the small active surface of the NWFET devices, approximately 0.06 microm(2), provides highly localized multiplexed measurements of neuronal activities with demonstrated sub-millisecond temporal resolution and, significantly, better than 30 microm spatial resolution. In addition, multiplexed mapping with 2D NWFET arrays revealed spatially heterogeneous functional connectivity in the olfactory cortex with a resolution surpassing substantially previous electrical recording techniques. Our demonstration of simultaneous high temporal and spatial resolution recording, as well as mapping of functional connectivity, suggest that NWFETs can become a powerful platform for studying neural circuits in the brain.
Design of high-strength refractory complex solid-solution alloys
Creators: name: Singh, Prashant
name: Sharma, Aayush
name: Smirnov, Andrei V.
name: Diallo, Mouhamad S.
name: Ray, Pratik K.
name: Balasubramanian, Ganesh
name: Johnson, Duane D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nickel-based superalloys and near-equiatomic high-entropy alloys containing Molybdenum are known for higher temperature strength and corrosion resistance. Yet, complex solid-solution alloys offer a huge design space to tune for optimal properties at slightly reduced entropy. For refractory Mo-W-Ta-Ti-Zr, we showcase KKR electronic-structure methods via the coherent-potential approximation to identify alloys over 5-dimensional design space with improved mechanical properties and necessary global (formation enthalpy) and local (short-range order) stability. Deformation is modeled with classical molecular dynamic simulations, validated from our first-principles data. We predict complex solid-solution alloys of improved stability with greatly enhanced modulus of elasticity ($3\times$ at 300 K) over near-equiatomic cases, as validated experimentally, and with higher moduli above 500~K over commercial alloys ($2.3\times$ at 2000 K). We also show that optimal complex solid-solution alloys are not described well by classical potentials due to critical electronic effects.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Satureja spinosa Linnaeus 1756
Creators: name: Jarvis, Charlie
Publisher: name: Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Lamiales
Lamiaceae
Satureja
Satureja spinosa

description: Satureja spinosa Linnaeus, Centuria II Plantarum: 19. 1756.
"Habitat in Creta." RCN: 4161.
 Neotype (Turland in Jarvis & al. in Taxon 50: 519. 2001): Greece. Kriti: Lasithi: 3km S of Agios Georgios, small plain between Lasithi plain and Mt Dikti, 22 Jun 1994, Turland 749 (BM-000098421; iso- UPA).
 Current name:  Satureja spinosa  L. (Lamiaceae).
description: Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part S), pp. 806-877 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 818, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971
Black hole and cosmos with multiple horizons and multiple singularities in vector-tensor theories
Creators: name: Gao, Changjun
name: Lu, Youjun
name: Yu, Shuang
name: Shen, You-Gen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A stationary and spherically symmetric black hole (For example, Reissner-Nordstrom black hole or Kerr-Newman black hole) has at most one singularity and two horizons. One horizon is the outer event horizon and the other is the inner Cauchy horizon. Can we construct static and spherically symmetric black hole solutions with N horizons and M singularities? De Sitter cosmos has only one apparent horizon. Can we construct cosmos solutions with N horizons? In this article, we present the static and spherically symmetric black hole and cosmos solutions with N horizons and M singularities in the vector-tensor theories. Following these motivations, we also construct the black hole solutions with a firewall. The deviation of these black hole solutions from the usual ones can be potentially tested by future measurements of gravitational waves.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures. The Penrose diagrams are corrected. PRD accepted
A London Evacuee
Creators: name: Project Team, Their Finest Hour
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 430304
subject: British history
classificationCode: 430308
subject: European history (excl. British, classical Greek and Roman)
classificationCode: 430316
subject: International history

description: I was born before the War in 1935. I was born in Shoreditch, where my father managed a pub, "The Mitre Tavern" at 38, Fish Street Hill in the City of London, near the monument to the Fire of London. I went to pre-school at St John Cass Foundation School in Aldgate at the age of 4.The War started. Caretakers looked after the buildings and properties in King William Street. One of them came into the pub and said to my dad "You'd better come down to my shelter when you close". Afterwards, we went to the building which had a shelter underneath, and were there when the building took a direct hit. There was an iron door to the entrance which was blown in. The firemen had to come down the stairs as the lift was damaged and take us back up to the surface. When we got to the top my mother was in her nightdress, my father was dressed and I had my siren suit on. All the buildings across the road were on fire. The pub was blasted. We had to go to Bank for Monument station. A soldier shot the lock off the station door to open it and we spent the night in the Underground.We got the bus the next morning and went to Stoke Newington, where we stayed with my aunt. Then I was evacuated to High Wycombe with two other girls and two older people. First I went to a school next door then was sent to another school. The old lady I lived with died shortly afterwards. I then had to stay with an aunt and uncle (Mum's older brother) who lived in Kingston. My aunt wasn't nice to me. My mother's sister came to visit and took me back to where my mother was living. My father was stationed in Bourne, Cambridgeshire, under canvas, at this time. He found me a place to live there and I went to school in Bourne. Father was then sent to Derbyshire where he arranged for my mother to look after a woman with yellow jaundice and I went to school there. Next, my father was sent abroad but my mother decided to take me home with her to London, back to Stoke Newington, just as the doodlebugs started. One day we were shopping in Stoke Newington High Street when my mother pushed me down to the pavement as a German plane was firing at the street.In 1945 I got diphtheria and was in Homerton hospital for six weeks. so I missed my scholarship exams. My parents were not allowed to visit.
Satureja thymbra Linnaeus 1753
Creators: name: Jarvis, Charlie
Publisher: name: Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Lamiales
Lamiaceae
Satureja
Satureja thymbra

description: Satureja thymbra Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 2: 567. 1753.
"Habitat in Creta." RCN: 4156.
 Lectotype (Siddiqi in Jafri & El-Gadi, Fl. Libya 118: 102. 1985): Herb. Linn. No. 723.2 (LINN).
 Current name:  Satureja thymbra  L. (Lamiaceae).
description: Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part S), pp. 806-877 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 818, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971
Neutrino Physics
Creators: name: Langacker, Paul
name: Erler, Jens
name: Peinado, Eduardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The theoretical and experimental bases of neutrino mass and mixing are reviewed. A brief chronological evolution of the weak interactions, the electroweak Standard Model, and neutrinos is presented. Dirac and Majorana mass terms are explained as well as models such as the seesaw mechanism. Schemes for two, three and four neutrino mixings are presented.
description: Lectures presented by Paul Langacker at the 11th Mexican School of Particles and Fields, Xalapa, Ver., Mexico, August 2004 (33 pages)
Roles of Diffusion Dynamics and Molecular Concentration Gradients in Cellular Differentiation and Three-Dimensional Tissue Development
Creators: name: McMurtrey, Richard J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Recent advancements in the ability to construct three-dimensional (3D) tissues and organoids from stem cells and biomaterials have not only opened abundant new research avenues in disease modeling and regenerative medicine but also have ignited investigation into important aspects of molecular diffusion in 3D cellular architectures. This paper describes fundamental mechanics of diffusion with equations for modeling these dynamic processes under a variety of scenarios in 3D cellular tissue constructs. The effects of these diffusion processes and resultant concentration gradients are described in the context of the major molecular signaling pathways in stem cells that both mediate and are influenced by gas and nutrient concentrations, including how diffusion phenomena can affect stem cell state, cell differentiation, and metabolic states of the cell. The application of these diffusion models and pathways is of vital importance for future studies of developmental processes, disease modeling, and tissue regeneration.
Memorandum Regarding Job
Creators: name: United States. Department Of State
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 1964
Subjects: Box 232 Folder 6
Box 232 Folder 06
Yugoslavia -- Politics and government -- 1945-1980
Yugoslavia -- Foreign relations -- 1945-1980 -- Soviet Union

description: Memoradum of conversation between American and Yugoslav parties detailing Job's interest in results of the Erhard visit, Tito-Khrushchev meeting in Leningrad, and Moscow-Peking dispute.
A Happy Reunion for Wartime Friends
Creators: name: Project Team, Their Finest Hour
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 430304
subject: British history
classificationCode: 430308
subject: European history (excl. British, classical Greek and Roman)
classificationCode: 430316
subject: International history

description: My dad, Arthur Frederick Pavely, was an aircraftman in the RAF stationed in Ilford. He was employed on balloon barrages locally. He married my mum, Gladys, in December 1940.Whilst in the RAF my dad made friends with Alfred Lasen 'Tiny' who was 6 feet 10 inches tall and 23 stone! Dad went into the hospital and when he came out 'Tiny' had been sent elsewhere. He searched for him after the war to try and make contact, but no luck.Then in 1964, he was reading the Evening Standard and there was a photo of 'Tiny', who was a champion blood donor. Delighted, the two men made contact and met up again, courtesy of the Evening Standard. I still have the newspaper cutting with the photo of them together.I also have a story about my mum, Gladys Hogg who married Arthur Pavely. Mum worked for thirteen years for Boots in Cheapside as a general secretary to the managers. In 1943, she was forced to leave her job to look after her mother and I have a very nice letter written to her from the company thanking her for her service. She was also presented with a granddaughter (long case) clock.My mum worked in the centre of London all through the Blitz, which was a frightening experience for anyone. Perhaps she was glad to get away from that sort of stress.
NMR studies of the incommensurate helical antiferromagnet EuCo2P2 : determination of the antiferromagnetic propagation vector
Creators: name: Higa, Nonoka
name: Ding, Qing-Ping
name: Yogi, Mamoru
name: Sangeetha, N. S.
name: Hedo, Masato
name: Nakama, Takao
name: Onuki, Yoshichika
name: Johnston, D. C.
name: Furukawa, Yuji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently Ding et al. [Phys. Rev. B 95, 184404 (2017)] reported that their nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) study on EuCo$_2$As$_2$ successfully characterized the antiferromagnetic (AFM) propagation vector of the incommensurate helix AFM state, showing that NMR is a unique tool for determination of the spin structures in incommensurate helical AFMs. Motivated by this work, we have carried out $^{153}$Eu, $^{31}$P and $^{59}$Co NMR measurements on the helical antiferromagnet EuCo$_2$P$_2$ with an AFM ordering temperature $T_{\rm N}$ = 66.5 K. An incommensurate helical AFM structure was clearly confirmed by $^{153}$Eu and $^{31}$P NMR spectra on single crystalline EuCo$_2$P$_2$ in zero magnetic field at 1.6 K and its external magnetic field dependence. Furthermore, based on $^{59}$Co NMR data in both the paramagnetic and the incommensurate AFM states, we have determined the model-independent value of the AFM propagation vector k = (0, 0, 0.73 $\pm$ 0.09)2$π$/$c$ where $c$ is the $c$-axis lattice parameter. The temperature dependence of k is also discussed.
description: 8 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1704.06293
Nanofiber Biomaterials
Creators: name: Palchesko, Rachelle N.
name: Sun, Yan
name: Zhang, Ling
name: Szymanski, John M.
name: Jallerat, Quentin
name: Feinberg, Adam
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: 90399 Biomedical Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Medical engineering

description: Since its inception, the field of tissue engineering has sought to rebuild the complexity of normal tissues by seeding cells onto scaffolds to support the formation of new tissue. Recently, nanofibers have gained increasing attention because these biomaterials have unique properties and are able to interface with cells at the same scale as native extracellular matrix fibrils. New fabrication technologies provide novel ways to control the nanoscale structure and properties of biomaterials, which is advantageous in the engineering of tissues for in vitro study and in vivo applications in regenerative medicine. This chapter explores the properties of nanofiber biomaterials (diameters <500 nm) and examines the specific advantages relative to other scaffold materials. This includes nanofibers from biopolymers as well as synthetic polymers, with consideration of relative advantages and disadvantages. A range of fabrication strategies is discussed that span from fiber spinning techniques, to phase separation in bulk, to directed and self-assembly. Insight is provided as to how synthetic polymers and biopolymers are used to make these nanofibers and the specific molecular structures that impart the unique mechanical, electrical, chemical, and biological properties. Analysis of these nanofiber biomaterialsrequires characterization techniques that are able to probe at the nanometer, micrometer, and macroscales. Examples are provided using optical microscopy, electron microscopy, scanning probe microscopy, mechanical characterization, and as sessment of biocompatibility and biodegradation.Finally, nanofiber biomaterials have wide applications in tissue engineering; here we focus on representative examples in cardiac, musculoskeletal, ophthalmic, and neural tissue engineering.
A weakly nonlinear analysis of the magnetorotational instability in a model channel flow
Creators: name: Umurhan, O. M.
name: Menou, K.
name: Regev, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show by means of a perturbative weakly nonlinear analysis that the axisymmetric magnetorotational instability (MRI) of a viscous, resistive, incompressible rotating shear flow in a thin channel gives rise to a real Ginzburg-Landau equation for the disturbance amplitude. For small magnetic Prandtl number (${\cal P}_{\rm m}$), the saturation amplitude is $\propto \sqrt{{\cal P}_{\rm m}}$ and the resulting momentum transport scales as ${\cal R}^{-1}$, where $\cal R$ is the {\em hydrodynamic} Reynolds number. Simplifying assumptions, such as linear shear base flow, mathematically expedient boundary conditions and continuous spectrum of the vertical linear modes, are used to facilitate this analysis. The asymptotic results are shown to comply with numerical calculations using a spectral code. They suggest that the transport due to the nonlinearly developed MRI may be very small in experimental setups with ${\cal P}_{\rm m} \ll 1$.
description: Accepted to Physical Review Letters - Nov. 30, 2006. In final form
Recollections of Luton Bombings
Creators: name: Project Team, Their Finest Hour
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 430304
subject: British history
classificationCode: 430308
subject: European history (excl. British, classical Greek and Roman)
classificationCode: 430316
subject: International history

description: My father was at the bus stop in Luton and saw a V1 rocket (Doodlebug) coming over and heard it cut out. I was about six or seven years old. The V1 went overhead and exploded in a field about a mile from our house. When my father got home from work at George Kent Ltd. in Luton, he told us about it. The whole area was surrounded by soldiers, and we couldn't get near or collect souvenirs.I was at school (Maidenhall Road School); maybe I was seven or eight at the time. Suddenly, there was an almighty bang and all the windows and doors flew open. The teacher promptly closed the windows and carried on with the lesson. The bomb landed in Biscot Road, Luton by Kommer Cars. It demolished the front half of the factory and the fronts of the houses opposite. Just before the blast, the canteen at the front of the factory had emptied as workers finished their break. There was a corner shop near the factory and a young lad was cleaning the front window of the shop. His remains were never found.A few days before D-Day, I was living in Lewsey Road, Luton. One day, a huge column of military vehicles filled the road - a convoy of soldiers. We were very excited. I realised later in life that this must have been a convoy getting ready for the D-Day landing.
Memorandum Regarding Situation in Central Europe
Creators: name: United States. Department Of State
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 1968
Subjects: Box 232 Folder 7
Box 232 Folder 07
Yugoslavia -- Politics and government -- 1945-1980
Yugoslavia -- Foreign relations -- 1945-1980 -- Soviet Union

description: Memorandum of conversation between Rostow and Crnobrnja concerning Soviet intentions in Romania, American relations with Sovet Union, positive relations with Yugoslavia, and World Bank and Export-Import Bank.
Clinopodium vimineum Kuntze 1891
Creators: name: Jarvis, Charlie
Publisher: name: Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Lamiales
Lamiaceae
Clinopodium
Clinopodium vimineum

description: Satureja viminea Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, ed. 10, 2: 1096. 1759.
["Habitat in Jamaica."] Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 2: 795 (1763). RCN: 4162.
 Lectotype (Harley & Granda in Kew Bull. 55: 926. 2000; Morales in Jarvis & al. in Taxon 50: 519. 2001): Browne, Herb. Linn. No. 723.12, left specimen (LINN).
 Current name:  Clinopodium vimineum  (L.) Kuntze (Lamiaceae).
 Note: Epling (in J. Bot. 67: 7. 1929) noted the Browne specimen in LINN but did not treat it as the type. The type choice made by Harley & Granda (2000) was restricted to the left-hand specimen on the sheet by Morales (2001).
description: Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part S), pp. 806-877 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 818, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971
Eccentric Black Hole Mergers Forming in Globular Clusters
Creators: name: Samsing, Johan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the probability for a newly formed binary black hole (BBH) to undergo an eccentric gravitational wave (GW) merger during binary-single interactions inside a stellar cluster. By integrating over the hardening interactions such a BBH must undergo before ejection, we find that the observable rate of BBH mergers with eccentricity $>0.1$ at $10\ \rm{Hz}$ relative to the rate of circular mergers can be as high as $\sim 5\%$ for a typical globular cluster (GC). This further suggests that BBH mergers forming through GW captures in binary-single interactions, eccentric or not, are likely to constitute $\sim 10\%$ of the total BBH merger rate from GCs. Such GW capture mergers can only be probed with an $N$-body code that includes General Relativistic corrections, which explains why recent Newtonian cluster studies not have been able to resolve this population. Finally, we show that the relative rate of eccentric BBH mergers depends on the compactness of their host cluster, suggesting that an observed eccentricity distribution can be used to probe the origin of BBH mergers.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures. added section on in-cluster mergers inspired by comments from the referee. figures/text updated as well
Machine Learning Regularization for the Minimum Volume Formula of Toric Calabi-Yau 3-folds
Creators: name: Choi, Eugene
name: Seong, Rak-Kyeong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present a collection of explicit formulas for the minimum volume of Sasaki-Einstein 5-manifolds. The cone over these 5-manifolds is a toric Calabi-Yau 3-fold. These toric Calabi-Yau 3-folds are associated with an infinite class of 4d N=1 supersymmetric gauge theories, which are realized as worldvolume theories of D3-branes probing the toric Calabi-Yau 3-folds. Under the AdS/CFT correspondence, the minimum volume of the Sasaki-Einstein base is inversely proportional to the central charge of the corresponding 4d N=1 superconformal field theories. The presented formulas for the minimum volume are in terms of geometric invariants of the toric Calabi-Yau 3-folds. These explicit results are derived by implementing machine learning regularization techniques that advance beyond previous applications of machine learning for determining the minimum volume. Moreover, the use of machine learning regularization allows us to present interpretable and explainable formulas for the minimum volume. Our work confirms that, even for extensive sets of toric Calabi-Yau 3-folds, the proposed formulas approximate the minimum volume with remarkable accuracy.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables
Corrections to flat-space particle dynamics arising from space granularity
Creators: name: Urrutia, Luis F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The construction of effective Hamiltonians describing corrections to flat space particle dynamics arising from the granularity of space at very short distances is discussed in the framework of an heuristic approach to the semiclassical limit of loop quantum gravity. After some general motivation of the subject, a brief non-specialist introduction to the basic tools employed in the loop approach is presented. The heuristical semiclassical limit is subsequently defined and the application to the case of photons and spin 1/2 fermions is described. The resulting modified Maxwell and Dirac Hamiltonians, leading in particular to Planck scale corrections in the energy-momentum relations, are presented. Alternative interpretations of the results and their limitations, together with other approaches are briefly discussed along the text. Three topics related to the above methods are reviewed: (1) The determination of bounds to the Lorentz violating parameters in the fermionic sector, obtained from clock comparison experiments.(2) The calculation of radiative corrections in preferred frames associated to space granularity in the framework of a Yukawa model for the interactions and (3) The calculation of synchrotron radiation in the framework of the Myers-Pospelov effective theories describing Lorentz invariance violations, as well as a generalized approach to radiation in Planck scale modified electrodynamics. The above exploratory results show that quantum gravity phenomenology provides observational guidance in the construction of quantum gravity theories and opens up the possibility of probing Planck scale physics.
description: 49 pages, 6 figures and 4 tables. Extended version of the talk given at the 339-th WE-Heraeus-Seminar: Special Relativity, will it survive the next 100 years?, Potsdam, february 2005
Memorandum Regarding Meeting with Vice President Kiro Gkligorov
Creators: name: United States. Department Of State
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 0
Subjects: Box 232 Folder 7
Box 232 Folder 07
Yugoslavia -- Politics and government -- 1945-1980
Yugoslavia -- Foreign relations -- 1945-1980 -- Soviet Union

description: Memorandum to Under Secretary detailing intention to meet with Vice President of Federal Executive Council of Yugoslavia.
Molecular Cloud Evolution II. From cloud formation to the early stages of star formation in decaying conditions
Creators: name: Vazquez-Semadeni, E.
name: Gomez, G. C.
name: Jappsen, A. K.
name: Ballesteros-Paredes, J.
name: Gonzalez, R. F.
name: Klessen, R. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the formation of giant dense cloud complexes and of stars within them by means of SPH numerical simulations of the mildly supersonic collision of gas streams (``inflows'') in the warm neutral medium (WNM). The resulting compressions cause cooling and turbulence generation in the gas, forming a cloud that then becomes self-gravitating and undergoes global collapse. Simultaneously, the turbulent, nonlinear density fluctuations induce fast, local collapse events. The simulations show that: a) The clouds are not in a state of equilibrium. Instead, they undergo secular evolution. Initially, their mass and gravitational energy |Eg| increase steadily, while the turbulent energy Ek reaches a plateau. b) When |Eg| becomes comparable to Ek, global collapse begins, causing a simultaneous increase in both that maintains a near-equipartition condition |Eg| ~ 2 Ek. c) Longer inflow durations delay the onset of global and local collapse, by maintaining a higher turbulent velocity dispersion in the cloud over longer times. d) The star formation rate is large from the beginning, without any period of slow and accelerating star formation. e) The column densities of the local star-forming clumps are very similar to reported values of the column density required for molecule formation, suggesting that locally molecular gas and star formation occur nearly simultaneously. The MC formation mechanism discussed here naturally explains the apparent ``virialized'' state of MCs and the ubiquitous presence of HI halos around them. Within their assumptions, our simulations support the scenario of rapid star formation after MCs are formed, although long (>~ 15 Myr) accumulation periods do occur during which the clouds build up their gravitational energy, and which are expected to be spent in the atomic phase.
description: Abstract matches version to be published. Corrected link to movies: http://www.astrosmo.unam.mx/~e.vazquez/turbulence/movies/VSetal06/VSetal06.html