cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 2 of Optical coherence tomography features of neovascularization in proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review
Creators: name: Vaz-Pereira, Sara
name: Morais-Sarmento, Tiago
name: Marques, Raquel Esteves
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 2: Figure S1. Detailed search strategy.
Volatilidade dos retornos econômicos associados à integração lavoura-pecuária no estado do Paraná
Creators: name: Lazzarotto, Joelsio Jose
name: Santos, Maurinho Luiz Dos
name: Lima, Joao Eustaquio De
name: Moraes, Anibal De
name: Lazzarotto, Joelsio Jose
name: Santos, Maurinho Luiz Dos
name: Lima, Joao Eustaquio De
name: Moraes, Anibal De
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Farm systems
subject: Risk
subject: Value-at-risk

description: In the Brazilian agriculture, there is a great diversity and heterogeneity of production systems that are subject to wide number of factors of risks. Although these risks cannot be completely eliminated, they can be minimized by adopting some strategies, as the diversification with agricultural and cattle activities. Based on the research historical results of the Paraná’s agriculture e with the measurement of the value-at-risk, this work aimed to analyze the volatility of the economic returns of integrated crop-beef cattle systems compared to systems characterized by grain cultivation or beef cattle specialization. As results, we observed that, in the short-term, the integrated crop-livestock system is the alternative that trends to generate better economic results.
Phase diagram of solution of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes
Creators: name: Zhang, Rui
name: Shklovskii, B. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We study a solution of long polyanions (PA) with shorter polycations (PC) and focus on the role of Coulomb interaction. A good example is solutions of DNA and PC which are widely studied for gene therapy. In the solution, each PA attracts many PCs to form a complex. When the ratio of total charges of PA and PC in the solution, $x$, equals to 1, complexes are neutral and they condense in a macroscopic drop. When $x$ is far away from 1, complexes are strongly charged. The Coulomb repulsion is large and free complexes are stable. As $x$ approaches to 1, PCs attached to PA disproportionate themselves in two competing ways. One way is inter-complex disproportionation, in which PCs make some complexes neutral and therefore condensed in a macroscopic drop while other complexes become even stronger charged and stay free. The other way is intra-complex disproportionation, in which PCs make one end of a complex neutral and condensed in a small droplet while the rest of the complex forms a strongly charged tail. Thus each complex becomes a "tadpole". These two ways can also combine together to give even lower free energy. We get a phase diagram of PA-PC solution in a plane of $x$ and inverse screening radius of the monovalent salt, which includes phases or phase coexistence with both kinds of disproportionation.
description: 29 pages, 10 figures. Major change in results and text
State-of-the-art generalisation research in NLP: A taxonomy and review
Creators: name: Hupkes, Dieuwke
name: Giulianelli, Mario
name: Dankers, Verna
name: Artetxe, Mikel
name: Elazar, Yanai
name: Pimentel, Tiago
name: Christodoulopoulos, Christos
name: Lasri, Karim
name: Saphra, Naomi
name: Sinclair, Arabella
name: Ulmer, Dennis
name: Schottmann, Florian
name: Batsuren, Khuyagbaatar
name: Sun, Kaiser
name: Sinha, Koustuv
name: Khalatbari, Leila
name: Ryskina, Maria
name: Frieske, Rita
name: Cotterell, Ryan
name: Jin, Zhijing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The ability to generalise well is one of the primary desiderata of natural language processing (NLP). Yet, what 'good generalisation' entails and how it should be evaluated is not well understood, nor are there any evaluation standards for generalisation. In this paper, we lay the groundwork to address both of these issues. We present a taxonomy for characterising and understanding generalisation research in NLP. Our taxonomy is based on an extensive literature review of generalisation research, and contains five axes along which studies can differ: their main motivation, the type of generalisation they investigate, the type of data shift they consider, the source of this data shift, and the locus of the shift within the modelling pipeline. We use our taxonomy to classify over 400 papers that test generalisation, for a total of more than 600 individual experiments. Considering the results of this review, we present an in-depth analysis that maps out the current state of generalisation research in NLP, and we make recommendations for which areas might deserve attention in the future. Along with this paper, we release a webpage where the results of our review can be dynamically explored, and which we intend to update as new NLP generalisation studies are published. With this work, we aim to take steps towards making state-of-the-art generalisation testing the new status quo in NLP.
description: This preprint was published as an Analysis article in Nature Machine Intelligence. Please refer to the published version when citing this work. 28 pages of content + 6 pages of appendix + 52 pages of references
The Restructuring of the Saskatchewan Wheat Pool: Overconfidence and Agency
Creators: name: Fulton, Murray E.
name: Larson, Kathy A.
name: Fulton, Murray E.
name: Larson, Kathy A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Agribusiness
Crop Production/Industries

description: This paper examines how agency problems combined with overconfidence and hubris by coop management lead to financial failure in the Saskatchewan Wheat Pool. As a consequence of both of these problems, the Pool made poor investment decisions and ended up in severe financial difficulties. These problems were exacerbated by three additional factors: (1) ownership and control were separated via an A-B share structure, leading to a situation where neither farmer members nor investors had an incentive to monitor management activities; (2) the sheer volume of investment activity undertaken made it virtually impossible for the board to stay on top of what was happening; and (3) as a result of the change financial structure, senior management had available a large amount of debt capital that it could spend.
Multi-GHz repetition rate, multi-watt average power, ultraviolet laser pulses for fast trapped-ion entanglement operations
Creators: name: Hussain, M. I.
name: Heinrich, D.
name: Guevara-Bertsch, M.
name: Torrontegui, E.
name: Garcıa-Ripoll, J. J.
name: Roos, C. F.
name: Blatt, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The conventional approach to perform two-qubit gate operations in trapped ions relies on exciting the ions on motional sidebands with laser light, which is an inherently slow process. One way to implement a fast entangling gate protocol requires a suitable pulsed laser to increase the gate speed by orders of magnitude. However, the realization of such a fast entangling gate operation presents a big technical challenge, as such the required laser source is not available off-the-shelf. For this, we have engineered an ultrafast entangling gate source based on a frequency comb. The source generates bursts of several hundred mode-locked pulses with pulse energy $\sim$800 pJ at 5 GHz repetition rate at 393.3 nm and complies with all requirements for implementing a fast two-qubit gate operation. Using a single, chirped ultraviolet pulse, we demonstrate a rapid adiabatic passage in a Ca$^+$ ion. To verify the applicability and projected performance of the laser system for inducing entangling gates we run simulations based on our source parameters. The gate time can be faster than a trap period with an error approaching $10^{-4}$.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
Additional file 3 of Optical coherence tomography features of neovascularization in proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review
Creators: name: Vaz-Pereira, Sara
name: Morais-Sarmento, Tiago
name: Marques, Raquel Esteves
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 3: Table S2. Summary of included studies.
Birth-death dynamics for sampling: Global convergence, approximations and their asymptotics
Creators: name: Lu, Yulong
name: Slepčev, Dejan
name: Wang, Lihan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Motivated by the challenge of sampling Gibbs measures with nonconvex potentials, we study a continuum birth-death dynamics. We improve results in previous works [51,57] and provide weaker hypotheses under which the probability density of the birth-death governed by Kullback-Leibler divergence or by $χ^2$ divergence converge exponentially fast to the Gibbs equilibrium measure, with a universal rate that is independent of the potential barrier. To build a practical numerical sampler based on the pure birth-death dynamics, we consider an interacting particle system, which is inspired by the gradient flow structure and the classical Fokker-Planck equation and relies on kernel-based approximations of the measure. Using the technique of $Γ$-convergence of gradient flows, we show that on the torus, smooth and bounded positive solutions of the kernelized dynamics converge on finite time intervals, to the pure birth-death dynamics as the kernel bandwidth shrinks to zero. Moreover we provide quantitative estimates on the bias of minimizers of the energy corresponding to the kernelized dynamics. Finally we prove the long-time asymptotic results on the convergence of the asymptotic states of the kernelized dynamics towards the Gibbs measure.
description: minor revision at Nonlinearity
Mass Segregation in the Globular Cluster Palomar 5 and its Tidal Tails
Creators: name: Koch, A.
name: Grebel, E. K.
name: Odenkirchen, M.
name: Martinez-Delgado, D.
name: Caldwell, J. A. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the stellar main sequence luminosity function (LF) of the disrupted, low-mass, low-concentration globular cluster Palomar 5 and its well-defined tidal tails, which emanate from the cluster as a result of its tidal interaction with the Milky Way. The results of our deep (B ~ 24.5) wide-field photometry unequivocally indicate that preferentially fainter stars were removed from the cluster so that the LF of the cluster's main body exhibits a significant degree of flattening compared to other globular clusters. There is clear evidence of mass segregation, which is reflected in a radial variation of the LFs. The LF of the tidal tails is distinctly enhanced with faint, low-mass stars. Pal 5 exhibits a binary main sequence, and we estimate a photometric binary frequency of roughly 10%. Also the binaries show evidence of mass segregation with more massive binary systems being more strongly concentrated toward the cluster center.
description: 14 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal
Characteristics of adolescents’ relationships with significant non-parental adults
Creators: name: Brown, Heather Mara
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The purpose of this research was to explore the characteristics (age differences, sex differences, kinship status, role) of significant non-parental adult and adolescent dyads and to determine how relationship configurations are associated with adolescents' psychosocial adjustment. Using a sample of grade 12 students (N= 192), age and sex similarities and differences between adolescents and significant adults were examined as well as kinship status and role configurations between the dyads. Findings indicate that a substantial number of the adolescents identified a significant non-parental adult in their lives. Reports of significant adults were strongly differentiated along gender lines; male and female adolescents were both more likely to report significant non-parental adult who were the same sex as them as opposed to significant adults of the opposite sex. Adolescents who reported kin or non-role specific significant adults had higher levels of social maturity than adolescents who identified non-kin or role-specific significant adults. Adolescents who identified role-specific significant non-parental adults had lower levels of problem behaviors than adolescents who reported non-role-specific significant adults. Importance of the significant non-parental adults was not associated with any of the psychosocial adjustment indicators. It would seem that the presence of significant non-parental adults in adolescents' lives might be beneficial to the psychosocial adjustment of adolescents if the adults are kin. Both role types (specific and non-specific) may benefit adolescents but in varying ways.
Copula approach to exchange-correlation hole in many-electron systems with strong correlations
Creators: name: Wang, JingChun
name: Su, Yu
name: Cheng, Haoyang
name: Wang, Yao
name: Xu, Rui-Xue
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electronic correlation is a fundamental topic in many-electron systems. To characterize this correlation, one may introduce the concept of exchange-correlation hole. In this paper, we first briefly revisit its definition and relation to electron and geminal densities, followed by their intimate relations to copula functions in probability theory and statistics. We then propose a copula-based approach to estimate the exchange-correlation hole from the electron density. It is anticipated that the proposed scheme would become a promising ingredient towards the future development of strongly correlated electronic structure calculations.
description: 5 pages
Influence of the Coriolis force on the instability of slowly pulsating B stars
Creators: name: Townsend, R. H. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper explores the effect of rotation on the kappa-mechanism instability of slowly pulsating B stars. A new nonadiabatic code, that adopts the so-called `traditional approximation' to treat the Coriolis force, is used to investigate the influence exerted by rotation over the stability of stellar models covering the mass range 2.5 M_sun <= M_* <= 13.0 M_sun. The principal finding is that, for all modes considered apart from the prograde sectoral class, rotation shifts the kappa-mechanism instability toward higher luminosities and effective temperatures; these shifts are accompanied by broadenings in the extent of instability strips. Such behaviour is traced to the shortening of mode periods under the action of the Coriolis force. Instability strips associated with prograde sectoral modes behave rather differently, being shifted to marginally lower luminosities and effective temperatures under the influence of rotation. The implications of these results are discussed in the context of the observational scarcity of pulsation in B-type stars having significant rotation; various scenarios are explored to explain the apparent dichotomy between theory and observations. Furthermore, the possible significance of the findings to Be stars is briefly examined.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures, to be published by MNRAS
Robust atomic orbital in the cluster magnet LiMoO2
Creators: name: Katayama, N.
name: Takeda, H.
name: Yamaguchi, T.
name: Yamada, Y.
name: Iida, K.
name: Takigawa, M.
name: Ohta, Y.
name: Sawa, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this study, we present a rutile-related material, LiMoO2, that becomes a cluster magnet and exhibits a spin singlet formation on a preformed molybdenum dimer upon cooling. Unlike ordinary cluster magnets, the atomic dyz orbital robustly survives despite the formation of molecular orbitals, thereby affecting the magnetic properties of the selected material. Such hybrid cluster magnets with the characters of molecular and atomic orbitals realize multiple independent spins on an isolated cluster, leading to an ideal platform to study the isolated spin dimers physics.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Wave-kinetic description of nonlinear photons
Creators: name: Marklund, M.
name: Shukla, P. K.
name: Brodin, G.
name: Stenflo, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nonlinear interaction, due to quantum electrodynamical (QED) effects, between photons is investigated using a wave-kinetic description. Starting from a coherent wave description, we use the Wigner transform technique to obtain a set of wave-kinetic equations, the so called Wigner-Moyal equations. These equations are coupled to a background radiation fluid, whose dynamics is determined by an acoustic wave equation. In the slowly varying acoustic limit, we analyse the resulting system of kinetic equations, and show that they describe instabilities, as well as Landau-like damping. The instabilities may lead to break-up and focusing of ultra-high intensity multi-beam systems, which in conjunction with the damping may result in stationary strong field structures. The results could be of relevance for the next generation of laser-plasma systems.
description: 7 pages, uses jpp.cls, to appear in J. Plasma Phys
Are Cooperatives Hybrid Organizations? An Alternative Viewpoint
Creators: name: Valentinov, Vladislav
name: Fritzsch, Jana
name: Valentinov, Vladislav
name: Fritzsch, Jana
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: This paper questions the designation of cooperatives as hybrids of market and hierarchy on the grounds that cooperatives possess more differences from these governance mechanisms than commonalities with them. It is argued that the definition of a governance mechanism’s hybridity depends on the definition of the governance continuum, with the conventional market-hierarchy continuum failing to accommodate the specificity of the cooperative organization. Utilizing the logic of the property rights theory of the firm, the paper develops an alternative continuum for cooperative, hierarchical, and market organization. These governance mechanisms are shown to exhibit growing difference in the extensiveness of property rights assigned to the involved contractual parties. This continuum does not imply the hybridity of cooperatives; rather, it locates hierarchy between market and cooperative organization. The empirical validity of the new continuum is confirmed by the results of a survey of members of several Ukrainian rural cooperatives.
Generalized second law in phantom dominated universe
Creators: name: Sadjadi, H. Mohseni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the conditions of validity of generalized second law in phantom dominated era.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures. Typos corrected. References added. GSL in the transition time (from quintessence to phantom phase) discussed. To be published in Phys. Rev. D
The cost of segregating GM canola: A case study
Creators: name: Hatwell, Bronwyn
name: Pluske, Johanna M.
name: Hatwell, Bronwyn
name: Pluske, Johanna M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: GM canola
subject: segregation
subject: supply chain

description: The Gene Technology Regulator's approval of Bayer CropScience's genetically modified (GM) canola variety, InVigor, and Monsanto's Roundup Ready, means that the commercial planting of Australia's first GM food crop is imminent. Under such circumstances, for Australia to continue marketing non-GM canola and comply with worldwide labelling requirements segregation must be implemented. This study investigates the cost effectiveness of three possible segregation methods. In considering each of these methods the increase in total grain handling cost due to segregation is expected to be between 5 and 9 per cent, or $1.35/tonne and $2.70/tonne. Such an increase is comparable with segregation costs reported in current Canadian literature.
Additional file 1 of Optical coherence tomography features of neovascularization in proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review
Creators: name: Vaz-Pereira, Sara
name: Morais-Sarmento, Tiago
name: Marques, Raquel Esteves
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. PRISMA checklist.
Dryland salinity, coordinating action and economic policy: a role for contracts?
Creators: name: Harvey, Sallyann
name: Harvey, Sallyann
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: salinity
subject: economic incentives
subject: contracts
subject: hidden information

description: The problem of addressing dryland salinity at a landscape is considered in the context of using economic incentives to encourage change in land use by individual landholders to adopt salinity mitigating actions where a public asset of significant value is threatened. This paper reviews the principal-agent problem and looks at mechanisms which give incentives to address natural resource management problems, and in particular, the role of contracts between the Government and the landholders for achieving environmental objectives. Consideration is then given to the potential for empirical analysis of these policies in practice and their effectiveness in achieving the desired environmental outcomes.
Shape asymmetries and the relation between lopsidedness and radial alignment in simulated galaxies
Creators: name: Shen, Jinzhi
name: Wu, Xufen
name: Zheng, Yirui
name: Guo, Beibei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galaxies are observed to be lopsided, meaning that they are more massive and more extended along one direction than the opposite. In this work, we provide a statistical analysis of the lopsided morphology of 1780 isolated satellite galaxies generated by TNG50-1 simulation, incorporating the effect of tidal fields from halo centres. The isolated satellites are galaxies without nearby substructures whose mass is over $1\%$ of the satellites within their virial radii. We study the radial alignment (RA) between the major axes of satellites and the radial direction of their halo centres in radial ranges of $0$-$2R_{\rm h}$, $2$-$5R_{\rm h}$ and $5$-$10R_{\rm h}$ with $R_{\rm h}$ being the stellar half mass radius. According to our results, the RA is virtually undetectable in inner and intermediate regions, yet it is significantly evident in outer regions. We also calculate the far-to-near-side semi-axial ratios of the major axes, denoted by $a_-/a_+$, which measures the semi-axial ratios of the major axes in the hemispheres between backwards (far side) and facing (near side) the halo centres. In all the radial bins of the satellites, the numbers of satellites with longer semi-axes on the far side are found to be almost equal to those with longer semi-axes on the near side. Therefore, the tidal fields from halo centres play a minor role in the generation of lopsided satellites. The long semi-major-axes radial alignment (LRA), i.e., an alignment between the long semi-major-axes of satellite galaxies and the radial directions to their halo centres, is further studied. No clear evidence of LRA is found in our sample within the framework of $Λ$CDM Newtonian dynamics. Finally, we briefly discuss the possible origins of the asymmetry of galaxies in TNG50-1.
description: 16 pages, 11 figures, 3 tables, ApJ accepted
Large-scale perturbations on the brane and the isotropy of the cosmological singularity
Creators: name: Goheer, Naureen
name: Dunsby, Peter K. S.
name: Coley, Alan
name: Bruni, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the complete set of propagation and constraint equations for the kinematic and non-local first order quantities which describe general linear inhomogeneous and anisotropic perturbations of a flat FRW braneworld with vanishing cosmological constant and decompose them in the standard way into their scalar, vector and tensor contributions. A detailed analysis of the perturbation dynamics is performed using dimensionless variables that are specially tailored for the different regimes of interest; namely, the low energy GR regime, the high energy regime and the dark energy regime. Tables are presented for the evolution of all the physical quantities, making it easy to do a detailed comparison of the past asymptotic behaviour of the perturbations of these models. We find results that exactly match those obtained in the analysis of the spatially inhomogeneous $G_{2}$ braneworld cosmologies presented recently; i.e., that isotropization towards the ${\cal F}_b$ model occurs for $γ> 4/3$.
description: 13 pages, revtex4
Challenge for spontaneous CP violation in Type IIB orientifolds with fluxes
Creators: name: Kobayashi, Tatsuo
name: Otsuka, Hajime
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We systematically investigate possibilities of realizing the spontaneous CP violation in Type IIB flux compactifications on toroidal orientifolds. Our detailed analysis leads to the presence of flat directions at degenerate CP-breaking and -conserving vacua for a generic choice of three-form fluxes, indicating that flux compactifications are not sufficient to realize the spontaneous CP violation. Furthermore, the four-dimensional CP can be embedded into the duality symmetries, namely modular symmetries for a particular choice of fluxes.
description: 21 pages
Leveraging Landscape Change: Instrument design for supporting the evolution of new natural resource industry niches
Creators: name: Hatfield-Dodds, Steve
name: Binning, Carl
name: Dyack, Brenda
name: Hatfield-Dodds, Steve
name: Binning, Carl
name: Dyack, Brenda
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: This paper outlines how resource degradation in Australia could be reversed with innovative investment approaches that compensate for the main impediments to beneficial landscape change. We argue that the existing suite of policy responses is incomplete and there are benefits to be had by introducing some new approaches for encouraging innovative and creative, appropriate landscape change. We discuss two examples that address the need for instruments that encourage the evolution of new natural resource industry niches: 1. the proposal advanced by the Allen Consulting Group in its recommendations to the Business Leaders Roundtable in 2001 on options for leveraging private investment entitled Repairing the Country 2. a pilot project that is being undertaken by Greening Australia and the CSIRO with funding provided under the Market Based Instruments Program of the National Action Plan on Salinty and Water Quality. The paper concludes with a comparison of existing instruments and their usefulness.
MIMAC-He3: a new detector for non-baryonic dark matter search
Creators: name: Santos, Daniel
name: Moulin, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The project of a micro-TPC matrix of cells of 3He for direct detection of non-baryonic dark matter is presented. The privileged properties of 3He for this detection are highlighted. The double detection: ionization-projection of tracks is explained and its rejection evaluated. The specific capabilities of this project with respect to other experiments are mentioned and its complementarities concerning the supersymmetric phenomenology explicitly showed.
description: to appear in Proc. of 5th International Workshop on the Identification of Dark Matter (IDM2004), Sept. 2004, Edinburgh (Scotland)
CFDNet: a deep learning-based accelerator for fluid simulations
Creators: name: Obiols-Sales, Octavi
name: Vishnu, Abhinav
name: Malaya, Nicholas
name: Chandramowlishwaran, Aparna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: CFD is widely used in physical system design and optimization, where it is used to predict engineering quantities of interest, such as the lift on a plane wing or the drag on a motor vehicle. However, many systems of interest are prohibitively expensive for design optimization, due to the expense of evaluating CFD simulations. To render the computation tractable, reduced-order or surrogate models are used to accelerate simulations while respecting the convergence constraints provided by the higher-fidelity solution. This paper introduces CFDNet -- a physical simulation and deep learning coupled framework, for accelerating the convergence of Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes simulations. CFDNet is designed to predict the primary physical properties of the fluid including velocity, pressure, and eddy viscosity using a single convolutional neural network at its core. We evaluate CFDNet on a variety of use-cases, both extrapolative and interpolative, where test geometries are observed/not-observed during training. Our results show that CFDNet meets the convergence constraints of the domain-specific physics solver while outperforming it by 1.9 - 7.4x on both steady laminar and turbulent flows. Moreover, we demonstrate the generalization capacity of CFDNet by testing its prediction on new geometries unseen during training. In this case, the approach meets the CFD convergence criterion while still providing significant speedups over traditional domain-only models.
description: It has been accepted and almost published in the International Conference in Supercomputing (ICS) 2020
Weather Derivatives and Yield Index Insurance As Exotic Options
Creators: name: Hertzler, Greg
name: Hertzler, Greg
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Financial Economics

description: This paper develops methods to quantify weather derivatives and yield index insurance. These are exotic options that differ from financial options in several ways. The underlying random variable is not a price but a quantity such as millimeters of rainfall. Instead of option "pricing", a method must be developed for option "quantifying". Financial options are tradable. Weather derivatives and yield index insurance are not. Instead of being priced continuously, these are quantified once when the contract is written. As a result, they are less flexible. Financial options are linear. The probability distribution of an option is easily found from the probability distribution of the underlying price. Yield index insurance is a contract written on a non-linear function of random weather. Its probability distribution is unknown. Never-the-less, methods can be developed for quantifying weather derivatives and yield index insurance. Although there are many types of options in the literature, yield index insurance appears to be new. In the spirit of naming new options for exotic locations, yield index insurance could be called an "Australian" option, or Aussie option for short. Further research is needed to assess the likely demand for Aussie options by farmers and other rural businesses and the likely supply by financial institutions and insurers.
The Effect Of Delay Times On The Optimal Velocity Traffic Flow Behavior
Creators: name: Ez-Zahraouy, H.
name: Benrihane, Z.
name: Benyoussef, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have numerically investigated the effect of the delay times $τ_f$ and $τ_s$ of a mixture of fast and slow vehicles on the fundamental diagram of the optimal velocity model. The optimal velocity function of the fast cars depends not only on the headway of each car but also on the headway of the immediately preceding one. It is found that the small delay times have almost no effects, while, for sufficiently large delay time $τ_s$ the current profile displays qualitatively five different forms depending on $τ_f$, $τ_s$ and the fractions $d_f$ and $d_s$ of the fast and slow cars respectively. The velocity (current) exhibits first order transitions at low and/or high densities, from freely moving phase to the congested state, and from congested state to the jamming one respectively accompanied by the existence of a local minimal current. Furthermore, there exist a critical value of $τ_f$ above which the metastability and hysteresis appear. The spatial-temporal traffic patterns present more complex structure
INGLIZ TILI AMALIY MASHG'ULOTLARIDA TALABALAR TIBBIY TEXNIK KO'NIKMA VA MALAKALARINING RIVOJLANTIRISH METODIK MUAMMO SIFATIDA
Creators: name: Axadova, Mahliyo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Mazkur maqolada ingliz tili amaliy mashg’ulotlarida tibbiyot sohasiga oid terminlarni o’rgatishning metodik jihatlari va o’ziga xos xususiyatlari tahlil qilingan. Tibbiyot terminologiyasining murakkabligi va uning o’quv jarayoniga integratsiyasi talabalarning til kompetensiyasini rivojlantirish uchun alohida yondashuvlarni talab qiladi.
Black holes shielded by magnetic fields
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Chandrachur
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Black holes (BHs) formed by collapsing and/or merging of magnetized progenitors, have magnetic fields penetrating the event horizon, and there are several possible scenarios. Thus, the no-hair theorem that assumes the outside medium is a vacuum, is not applicable in this case. Bearing this in mind and considering a Schwarzschild BH of mass $M$ immersed in a uniform magnetic field $B$, we show that all three frequencies related to the equatorial circular orbit of a test particle become imaginary for the orbits of radii $r_B > 2B^{-1}$. It signifies that if a BH is surrounded by a magnetic field of order $B \sim R_g^{-1}$ (where $R_g$ is the gravitational radius of the BH), a test particle could unable to continue its regular geodesic motion from/at $r > r_B$, hence the accretion disk could not be formed, and the motion of other stellar objects around the BH could be absent. As the BHs are generally detected by watching for their effects on nearby stars and gas, a magnetic field of order $B \sim R_g^{-1}$ could be able to shield a BH in such a way that it could remain undetectable. Motivated with this theoretical investigation and considering the sphere (of radius $r_f$) of magnetic influence around an astrophysical BH, we constrain $B$, above which a magnetized BH could remain undetectable. For example, $M=10^9M_{\odot}$ BH surrounded by $B > 10^6$ G and $M=10M_{\odot}$ BH surrounded by $B > 10^{14}$ G could remain undetectable for $r_f \sim 10^5R_g$. In other words, our result also explains why a detected SMBH has surprisingly weak magnetic field.
description: (6+3) pages including (3+1) figures, matches published version, dedicated to my mother Shree Snigdha Chakraborty
On the precise measurement of the $X(3872)$ mass and its counting rate
Creators: name: Ortega, Pablo G.
name: Arriola, Enrique Ruiz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The lineshapes of specific production experiments of the exotic state such as $X(3872)$ with $J^{PC}=1^{++}$ quantum numbers involving triangle singularities have been found to become highly sensitive to the binding energy of weakly bound states, thus offering in principle the opportunity of benchmark determinations. We critically analyze recent proposals to extract accurately and precisely the $X(3872)$ mass, which overlook an important physical effect by regarding their corresponding production lineshapes as a sharp mass distribution and, thus, neglecting the influence of initial nearby continuum states in the $1^{++}$ channel. The inclusion of these states implies an effective cancellation mechanism which operates at the current and finite experimental resolution of the detectors so that one cannot distinguish between the $1^{++}$ bound-state and nearby $D \bar D^*$ continuum states with the same quantum numbers. In particular, we show that the lineshape for resolutions above 1 MeV becomes rather insensitive to the binding energy unless high statistics is considered. The very existence of the observed bumps is a mere consequence of short distance correlated $\bar D D^*$ pairs, bound or unbound. The cancellation also provides a natural explanation for a recent study reporting missing but unknown decay channels in an absolute branching ratio global analysis of the $X(3872)$.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures
Maximum Covering Subtrees for Phylogenetic Networks
Creators: name: Davidov, Nathan
name: Hernandez, Amanda
name: Jian, Justin
name: McKenna, Patrick
name: Medlin, K. A.
name: Mojumder, Roadra
name: Owen, Megan
name: Quijano, Andrew
name: Rodriguez, Amanda
name: John, Katherine St.
name: Thai, Katherine
name: Uraga, Meliza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Tree-based phylogenetic networks, which may be roughly defined as leaf-labeled networks built by adding arcs only between the original tree edges, have elegant properties for modeling evolutionary histories. We answer an open question of Francis, Semple, and Steel about the complexity of determining how far a phylogenetic network is from being tree-based, including non-binary phylogenetic networks. We show that finding a phylogenetic tree covering the maximum number of nodes in a phylogenetic network can be be computed in polynomial time via an encoding into a minimum-cost maximum flow problem.
Economic benefit and costs of tree planting for salinity control
Creators: name: Hill, Christine M.
name: Hill, Christine M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: vegetation
subject: salinity
subject: benefit cost

description: This study reviewed case studies and research focussed on the issues of managing native vegetation, the problems of salinity and the relationship between the two. It then addressed the economic feasibility of six tree planting configurations to reduce the impacts of salinity. The method used a spreadsheet model showing the benefits and costs of various planting configurations over a 30-year time span. This model can be used to assess the monetary net benefit/costs of reducing recharge of a vegetation management proposal. Inputs can be varied to tailor the model to different catchments. Even when applied to local groundwater systems, the impact on salinity in terms of land salinised, salt loads and dollars was small. These factors can represent major impediments to the implementation of tree planting and vegetation regeneration.
Soliton Dynamics in Computational Anatomy
Creators: name: Holm, Darryl D.
name: Ratnanather, J. Tilak
name: Trouvé, Alain
name: Younes, Laurent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Computational anatomy (CA) has introduced the idea of anatomical structures being transformed by geodesic deformations on groups of diffeomorphisms. Among these geometric structures, landmarks and image outlines in CA are shown to be singular solutions of a partial differential equation that is called the geodesic EPDiff equation. A recently discovered momentum map for singular solutions of EPDiff yields their canonical Hamiltonian formulation, which in turn provides a complete parameterization of the landmarks by their canonical positions and momenta. The momentum map provides an isomorphism between landmarks (and outlines) for images and singular soliton solutions of the EPDiff equation. This isomorphism suggests a new dynamical paradigm for CA, as well as new data representation.
description: published in NeuroImage
Is cosmic dynamics self-regulating?
Creators: name: Mbonye, Manasse R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we discuss a cosmological model for a universe with self-regulating features. We set up the theoretical framework for the model and determine the time evolution of the scale-factor $a(t)$. It is shown that such a universe repeatedly goes through alternate periods of matter and dark energy domination. The resulting dynamics oscillates about the would-be ideal time-linear or coasting path, with monotonic expansion. When compared to dynamics of the observed physical Universe, the model recovers the observationally-established evolutionary features of the latter, from the big bang to the current acceleration, and farther. It suggests a universe that initially emerges from a non-singular state, associated with a non-inflationary acceleration, and which acceleration it exits naturally with matter-energy generation. The model does not have a horizon problem or a flatness problem. It reproduces the observed current values of standard cosmic parameters, including the age $t_{0}$, the current Hubble parameter $H_{0}$ and dark energy $Ω_{de}\ $and matter $Ω_{m}$ density parameters. We find the dark matter density-profile generated by the model naturally leads to flat rotation curves in galaxy halos. The model is falsifiable. It makes predictions that can be tested, as suggested. Finally, we discuss the dimensionless age $(H_{0}t_{0}\simeq1)$ paradox as an example of the model's ability to address standing puzzles. The findings suggest dynamics of the physical Universe may be self-regulating and predictable.
description: Updated version submitted for review, 5 figures
The two-proton shell gap in Sn isotopes
Creators: name: Fleischer, P.
name: Kluepfel, P.
name: Cornelius, T.
name: Buervenich, T. J.
name: Schramm, S.
name: Maruhn, J. A.
name: Reinhard, P. -G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of two-proton shell gaps in Sn isotopes. As the theoretical tool we use self-consistent mean-field models, namely the relativistic mean-field model and the Skyrme-Hartree-Fock approach, both with two different pairing forces, a delta interaction (DI) model and a density-dependent delta interaction (DDDI). We investigate the influence of nuclear deformation as well as collective correlations and find that both effects contribute significantly. Moreover, we find a further significant dependence on the pairing force used. The inclusion of deformation plus correlation effects and the use of DDDI pairing provides agreement with the data.
description: gzipped tar archiv containing LaTeX source, bibliography file (*.bbl), all figures as *.eps, and the style files
Impacts of changing water price and availability on irrigated dairy farms in northern Victoria
Creators: name: Ho, Christie K.M.
name: Armstrong, Dan P.
name: Doyle, Peter T.
name: Malcolm, Bill
name: Ho, Christie K.M.
name: Armstrong, Dan P.
name: Doyle, Peter T.
name: Malcolm, Bill
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Dairy
subject: Irrigation
subject: Water

description: Farming systems throughout the Murray-Darling Basin are under increasing scrutiny from the perspective of ecological sustainability of farm and catchment systems. In northern Victoria, the dairy industry is a major user of water, and contributes to the environmental issues. Changes in irrigation water price, availability and policy will invariably impact on the viability of dairy farming in this region, but the diversity of dairy farm systems suggests that the impact will vary between farms. Two case study farms, a 'water reliant' farm and a 'fodder reliant' farm, were used to examine economic and social impacts of changes in water price, availability and policy.
Orbits of 47 Dwarf Satellite Galaxies of the Milky Way in Three Models of the Gravitational Potential with Different Masses
Creators: name: Bajkova, A. T.
name: Bobylev, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 85

description: The analysis of the orbits of 47 dwarf satellite galaxies of the Milky Way, built using three models of the Galactic gravitational potential with different masses, is presented. The models of the Galactic potential were chosen based on the analysis of a large number of the Galaxy mass estimates known from the literature. The astrometric data needed for calculation of the initial positions and velocities (6D phase space) of the dwarf galaxies are also taken from the literature, where the average proper motions were determined on the basis of the data from the Gaia DR2 Catalog. We present the orbits and their properties of all 47 dwarf galaxies obtained by integration for 13.5 Gyr backward in all three models of the Galactic potential and give a comparison of the orbital parameters. For each model of the Galactic potential we have identified dwarf galaxies that are not connected gravitationally with the Milky Way.
description: 24 pages, 7 figures, 4 tables
Additional file 1 of Biofilm formation on three different endotracheal tubes: a prospective clinical trial
Creators: name: Thorarinsdottir, Hulda R.
name: Kander, Thomas
name: Holmberg, Anna
name: Sarunas Petronis
name: Klarin, Bengt
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Processing of oropharyngeal swabs and endotracheal aspirates