cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Compiled Catalogue of Spectroscopically Determined Elemental Abundances for Stars with Accurate Parallaxes. I.Magnesium
Creators: name: Borkova, T. V.
name: Marsakov, V. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a compiled catalogue of effective temperatures, surface gravities, iron and magnesium abundances, distances, velocity components, and orbital elements for stars in the solar neighborhood. The atmospheric parameters and iron abundances are averages of published values derived from model synthetic spectra for a total of about 2000 values in 80 publications. Our relative magnesium abundances were found from 1412 values in 31 publications for 876 dwarfs and subgiants using a three-step iteration averaging procedure, with weights assigned to each source of data as well as to each individual determination and taking into account systematic deviations of each scale relative to the reduced mean scale. The estimated assumed completeness for data sources containing more than five stars, up to late December 2003, exceeds 90%. For the vast majority of stars in the catalogue, the spatial velocity components were derived from modern high-precision astrometric observations, and their Galactic orbit elements were computed using a three-component model of the Galaxy, consisting of a disk, a bulge, and a massive extended halo.
description: Accepted for Astron. Rep. 2005, v.49, No.5, p.405-416, 12 pages, 10 figures
Second language speakers’ participation in computer-mediated discussions in graduate seminars
Creators: name: Yim, Yoon-Kyung Kecia
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: One of the most significant trends in higher education in recent decades is the growing interest in online education. Considering second language (L2) speakers' reticence in academic oral discourse, which has been a recurring theme in the field of second language acquisition, examining L2 students' socialization into academic online discourse has particular urgency. In exploring how different forms of instruction shape L2 students' class participation in academic courses, 1 examined: (a) how students understood their participation in online forums as revealed by interviews and an examination of their online discourse; (b) how various factors constructed their identities in face-to-face and online learning communities; and (c) how L2 students assumed participant roles in online discussion activities. Two online graduate courses were examined for a semester in a large Canadian university, using qualitative case study methodology. Data included written questionnaires, interviews, classroom observations, online Bulletin Board (BB) texts, and course documents. Using activity theory as a conceptual framework, I analyzed L2 students' participation. The results, in turn, helped me identify the framework's inadequacies, such as downplaying the role of students' agency in appropriating academic discourse. A unique contribution to educational research, furthermore, is the method developed here for analyzing participant roles on the BBs. Two online courses, seemingly similar to each other in the way that they both used the online BB as a means to discuss course reading materials, fostered differing levels of register, engagement with other participants, comfort, and participant roles among students. The BBs in the two courses were a mediating tool with which students could exercise agency in their learning process, and L2 students, in particular, could gain more power over course-related discourse than the face-to-face setting allowed. The findings from academic online discourse also suggested that educators can apply some of the key lessons learned from online education to conventional face-to-face classes and vice versa.
Producers and Consumer attitudes toward Biotechnology in Ghana
Creators: name: Nsafoah, Annie
name: Dicks, Michael R.
name: Osei, Collins
name: Nsafoah, Annie
name: Dicks, Michael R.
name: Osei, Collins
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Development
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Producers and Consumer attitudes toward Biotechnology in Ghana

description: Over 265 million people in Sub-Saharan Africa face malnutrition, chronic hunger, and poverty. One of the technologies that could help alleviate the perpetuating cycle of chronic hunger is biotechnology. Genetic modification (GM) has the potential to enhance agricultural productivity and improve Africa’s food security, but little is known about the potential benefits and costs of using genetically modified maize in Africa - Ghana. African and Ghanaian policy makers, farmers, and consumers often have difficulty accepting new technologies. Their reluctance is due to the investment required for new technology, - aversion to risk, the changes required to traditional production practices, and incomplete- knowledge of new technologies. This study elicits the knowledge, views, acceptability, preference, adaptability, and willingness-to-pay for genetically modified GM corn (maize). A survey instrument was used in two corn growing areas in the Ashanti Region of Ghana, to identify the barriers to the adoption of GM corn. The results of the study suggest that maize growers in the Ashanti region are willing to try GM maize, contrary to the current government restrictions.
A representation theorem for measurable relation algebras with cyclic groups
Creators: name: Andréka, Hajnal
name: Givant, Steven
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03G15, 20A15

description: A relation algebra is measurable if the identity element is a sum of atoms, and the square x;1;x of each subidentity atom x is a sum of non-zero functional elements. These functional elements form a group Gx. We prove that a measurable relation algebra in which the groups Gx are all finite and cyclic is completely representable. A structural description of these algebras is also given.
description: This is the fourth member of a series of papers on measurable relation algebras
The Aharonov-Bohm Interference and Beating in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Interferometers
Creators: name: Cao, Jien
name: Wang, Qian
name: Rolandi, Marco
name: Dai, Hongjie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Relatively low magnetic fields applied parallel to the axis of a chiral single-walled carbon nanotube are found causing large modulations to the p-channel or valence band conductance of the nanotube in the Fabry-Perot interference regime. Beating in the Aharonov-Bohm type of interference between two field-induced non-degenerate sub-bands of spiraling electrons is responsible for the observed modulation with a pseudo period much smaller than that needed to reach the flux quantum F0 = h/e through the nanotube cross-section. We show that single-walled nanotubes represent the smallest cylinders exhibiting the Aharonov-Bohm effect with rich interference and beating phenomena arising from well-defined molecular orbitals reflective of the nanotube chirality.
description: Physical Review Letters, in press
A Survey for New Stars and Brown Dwarfs in the Ophiuchus Star-forming Complex
Creators: name: Esplin, T. L.
name: Luhman, K. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have performed a survey for new members of the Ophiuchus cloud complex using high-precision astrometry from the second data release of Gaia, proper motions measured with multi-epoch images from the Spitzer Space Telescope, and color-magnitude diagrams constructed with photometry from various sources. Through spectroscopy of candidates selected with those data, we have identified 155 new young stars. Based on available measurements of kinematics, we classify 102, 47, and six of those stars as members of Ophiuchus, Upper Sco, and other populations in Sco-Cen, respectively. We have also assessed the membership of all other stars in the vicinity of Ophiuchus that have spectroscopic evidence of youth from previous studies, arriving at a catalog of 373 adopted members of the cloud complex. For those adopted members, we have compiled mid-IR photometry from Spitzer and the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer} and have used mid-IR colors to identify and classify circumstellar disks. We find that 210 of the members show evidence of disks, including 48 disks that are in advanced stages of evolution. Finally, we have estimated the relative median ages of the populations near the Ophiuchus clouds and the surrounding Upper Sco association using absolute K-band magnitudes (M_K) based on Gaia} parallaxes. If we adopt an age 10 Myr for Upper Sco, then the relative values of M_K imply median ages of ~2 Myr for L1689 and embedded stars in L1688, 3-4 Myr for low-extinction stars near L1688, and ~6 Myr for the group containing rho Oph.
description: 8 Pages, 10 figures, accepted in AJ, machine readable tables available at https://www.dropbox.com/sh/kxmumhgdpsfbevd/AACDjnB5FdmjmU4hzc08BxaIa?dl=0
Determinants of Cost Inefficiency of Critical Access Hospitals: A Two-stage, Semi-parametric Approach
Creators: name: Nedelea, I. Cristian
name: Fannin, James Matthew
name: Nedelea, I. Cristian
name: Fannin, James Matthew
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Production Economics
subject: Critical Access Hospitals
subject: cost inefficiency
subject: two-stage approach
subject: bootstrap

description: This study examines, post-conversion, cost inefficiency of Critical Access Hospitals (CAH) using a two-stage approach. While the results suggest that Medicare cost-based reimbursement and longer participation in the CAH program may increase the cost inefficiency of CAHs, the extent of this inefficiency increase is lower than what previous literature showed.
Performances analysis of heterojunction solar cells through integration of hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon bilayer by using numerical study
Creators: name: Hamdani, Dadan
name: Cahyono, Yoyok
name: Yudoyono, Gatut
name: Darminto, Darminto
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: This study was conducted to simulate a pin-type thin film solar cell by integrating nc-Si:H as p-window and buffer layers. The structures proposed to investigated are ITO/(p)nc-Si:H/((i)a-Si:H/(n)a-Si:H/Ag and ITO/(p)nc-Si:H/(p')nc-Si:H(buff)/(i)a-Si:H/(n)a-Si:H/Ag simulated with the AFORS-HET simulator. In an effort to improve the electrical and optical properties of the heterojunction solar cell, the dopant concentration for the p-window and n-layers, the absorber bandgap, and the absorber thickness were optimized. The result showed that the Eff of p-p’-i-n is 9.60% (VOC = 936.6 mV, JSC = 13.86 mA/cm2, FF = 0.738) were obtained when values of Na, Nd, absorber bandgap, and absorber thickness parameters are 1.0 x 1017 particles/cm3, 1.0 x 1019 particles/cm3, 1.80 eV, and 600 nm, respectively.
Bertalha: um tesouro nutricional e sustentável para a agricultura moderna
Creators: name: Popoff, Sandra C
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Jornalismo rural
Agricultura familiar
Agricultura sustentável

description: A bertalha (Basella alba L.), conhecida por muitos como espinafre-indiano ou espinafre-de-malta, é uma planta pouco explorada, mas de grande potencial para a agricultura sustentável. Em um cenário onde a demanda por alimentos frescos e saudáveis cresce exponencialmente, a bertalha se destaca não só por sua adaptabilidade a diferentes climas e solos, mas também pelos benefícios nutricionais que oferece. Rica em vitaminas A, C e ferro, essa planta ganha espaço nas mesas e nas lavouras de pequenos e grandes produtores.

Além de ser uma excelente opção para diversificação de cultivos, a bertalha também contribui para a sustentabilidade agrícola. Seu ciclo curto e baixo consumo de água são ideais para regiões com restrição hídrica, como é o caso de muitas áreas do Brasil. A resistência a pragas e doenças reduz a necessidade de agrotóxicos, tornando o cultivo mais viável economicamente e menos agressivo ao meio ambiente. Em um momento em que a busca por práticas agrícolas mais sustentáveis se intensifica, a bertalha surge como uma alternativa promissora.

Para quem busca novas oportunidades no mercado agrícola, a bertalha pode ser o ponto de partida para negócios lucrativos e ecologicamente responsáveis. Neste artigo, vamos explorar as técnicas de plantio da bertalha, seus principais benefícios à saúde e como essa cultura pode ser integrada de forma eficiente em diferentes sistemas de produção. Acompanhe e descubra como a bertalha pode transformar seu plantio em um empreendimento rentável e sustentável.
The variety of coset relation algebras
Creators: name: Givant, Steven
name: Andréka, Hajnal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03G15, 03C05, 03C60, 03E20, 20A15, 03C52, 08C10

description: A coset relation algebra is one embeddable into some full coset relation algebra, the latter is an algebra constructed from a system of groups, a coordinated system of isomorphisms between quotients of these groups, and a system of cosets that are used to "shift" the operation of relative multiplication. We prove that the class of coset relation algebras is equationally axiomatizable (that is to say, it is a variety), but no finite set of equations suffices to axiomatize the class (that is to say, the class is not finitely axiomatizable).
description: This is the fifth member of a series of papers on measurable relation algebras. Forthcoming in The Journal of Symbolic Logic. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1804.00279
Population synthesis as a probe of neutron star thermal evolution
Creators: name: Popov, S.
name: Grigorian, H.
name: Turolla, R.
name: Blaschke, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The study of thermal emission from isolated, cooling neutron stars plays a key role in probing the physical conditions of both the star crust and the core. The comparison of theoretical models for the star thermal evolution with the surface temperature derived from X-ray observations of sources of different age is one of the main tools to investigate the properties of the interior and constrain the equation of state. Here we propose to use population synthesis studies as an independent approach to test the physics governing the star cooling. Theoretical Log N - Log S distributions depend on the assumed neutron star thermal evolution. We have computed distributions for several different cooling scenarios and found that comparison with the observed Log N - Log S of isolated neutron stars is effective in discriminating among cooling models. Among the eleven cooling models considered in this paper, all of which may reproduce the observed temperature vs. age diagram, only at most three can explain the Log N - Log S distribution of close-by cooling neutron stars. The Log N - Log S test, being a ``global'' one and despite some limitations, appears capable of complementing the standard temperature vs. age test used up to now.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, table extended, references added, final version to appear in Astron. & Astrophys
Relic density of dark matter in brane world cosmology
Creators: name: Okada, Nobuchika
name: Seto, Osamu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the thermal relic density of the cold dark matter in the context of the brane world cosmology. Since the expansion law in a high energy regime is modified from the one in the standard cosmology, if the dark matter decouples in such a high energy regime its relic number density is affected by this modified expansion law. We derive analytic formulas for the number density of the dark matter. It is found that the resultant relic density is characterized by the ``transition temperature'' at which the modified expansion law in the brane world cosmology is connecting with the standard one, and can be considerably enhanced compared to that in the standard cosmology, if the transition temperature is low enough.
description: 8 pages, no figure, the version accepted for publication in Phys.Rev.D
Community Response to Forestry Transition in Rural Canada: Analysis of Media and Census Data for Six Case Study Communities in New Brunswick and British Columbia
Creators: name: Smith, Mark
name: Parkins, John R.
name: Smith, Mark
name: Parkins, John R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: media analysis
subject: rural sociology
subject: community development
subject: rural development
subject: social change

description: The forest economy is in transition across Canada. Faced with high dollar values, increasing competition within the global market, high input costs for energy, labour and fibre, and growing expectations for environmental performance, the forest sector is undergoing significant economic transitions as companies across the country cut costs, close mills and shed jobs. This report contributes to our understanding of community response to mill closure with a detailed description of six case study communities during a period of forest industry mill closures. Three communities are in British Columbia (Mackenzie, Quesnel and Fort St. James) and three communities are in New Brunswick (Dalhousie, Nackawic and Mirimachi). Empirical information is derived from national and local media reports as well as recent data from the Census of Canada. Key thematic areas include resilience, economic diversification, the nature of mill closure, union involvement, government involvement and concerns over government policy changes such as appurtenancy.
Detection of the microquasar V404 Cygni at gamma-rays revisited: short flaring events in quiescence
Creators: name: Xing, Yi
name: Wang, Zhongxiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The microquasar V404 Cygni (also known as GS 2023+338) was previously reported to have weak GeV gamma-ray emission in sub-day time periods during its 2015 outburst. In order to provide more detailed information at the high energy range for this black hole binary system, we conduct analysis to the data obtained with the Large Area Telescope (LAT) onboard the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (Fermi). Both LAT database and source catalog used are the latest. In addition to the previously reported detection at the peak of the 2015 outburst, we find possible detection ($\sim 4σ$) of the source during 3-day time period of 2015 Aug. 17--19 (at the end of the 2015 outburst) and one convincing detection ($\simeq 7σ$) in 2016 Aug. 23--25. The latter high-significance detection shows that the gamma-ray emission of the source is soft with photon index $Γ\sim 2.9$. As gamma-ray emission from microquasars is considered to be associated with their jet activity, we discuss the results by comparing with those well studied cases, namely Cyg X-3 and Cyg X-1. The detection helps identify V404 Cygni as a microquasar with detectable gamma-ray emission in its quiescent state, and adds interesting features to the microquasar group, or in a more general context to X-ray binaries with jets.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
A Transform Method for Evolution PDEs on a Finite Interval
Creators: name: Fokas, A. S.
name: Pelloni, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study initial boundary value problems for linear scalar partial differential equations with constant coefficients, with spatial derivatives of {\em arbitrary order}, posed on the domain $\{t>0, 0
Research on Socioeconomic Impacts of Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) in Alberta
Creators: name: Adamowicz, Wiktor L.
name: Arnot, C.
name: Boxall, Peter C.
name: Dridi, Chokri
name: Goddard, Ellen W.
name: Jordan, M.
name: Forbes, K.
name: Laate, K.
name: Myshaniuk, K.
name: Parlee, B.
name: Petigara, M.
name: Unterschultz, James R.
name: Zimmer, N.
name: Adamowicz, Wiktor L.
name: Arnot, C.
name: Boxall, Peter C.
name: Dridi, Chokri
name: Goddard, Ellen W.
name: Jordan, M.
name: Forbes, K.
name: Laate, K.
name: Myshaniuk, K.
name: Parlee, B.
name: Petigara, M.
name: Unterschultz, James R.
name: Zimmer, N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Production Economics
subject: chronic wasting disease
subject: socio-economic impacts
subject: aboriginals
subject: farming industry

description: This report summarizes a series of projects undertaken by staff and students in the Department of Rural Economy which examine various socio-economic aspects of chronic wasting disease and its effect on a range of stakeholders in Alberta. The four projects included exploring impacts on the cervid farming industry, hunters, the general Albertan public, and certain Aboriginal groups. General results from these studies are presented with references that provide a more thorough analysis and discussion.
A representation theorem for measurable relation algebras
Creators: name: Givant, S.
name: Andréka, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03G15, 20A15

description: A relation algebra is called measurable when its identity is the sum of measurable atoms, and an atom is called measurable if its square is the sum of functional elements. In this paper we show that atomic measurable relation algebras have rather strong structural properties: they are constructed from systems of groups, coordinated systems of isomorphisms between quotients of the groups, and systems of cosets that are used to "shift" the operation of relative multiplication. An atomic and complete measurable relation algebra is completely representable if and only if there is a stronger coordination between these isomorphisms induced by a scaffold (the shifting cosets are not needed in this case). We also prove that a measurable relation algebra in which the associated groups are all finite is atomic.
description: This is the third member of a series of papers on measurable relation algebras. A substantially revised version appears in APAL. Later papers may refer to item numbers in this preprint, and not to the item numbers some of which have changed in the journal version
Cooling of Neutron Stars with Color Superconducting Quark Cores
Creators: name: Grigorian, Hovik
name: Blaschke, David
name: Voskresensky, Dmitri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that within a recently developed nonlocal chiral quark model the critical density for a phase transition to color superconducting quark matter under neutron star conditions can be low enough for these phases to occur in compact star configurations with masses below 1.3 M_solar. We study the cooling of these objects in isolation for different values of the gravitational mass. Our equation of state (EoS) allows for 2SC quark matter with a large quark gap \~100 MeV for u and d quarks of two colors that coexists with normal quark matter within a mixed phase in the hybrid star interior. We argue that, if the phases with unpaired quarks were allowed, the corresponding hybrid stars would cool too fast. If they occured for M < 1.3 M_solar, as it follows from our EoS, one could not appropriately describe the neutron star cooling data existing by today. We discuss a "2SC+X" phase, as a possibility to have all quarks paired in two-flavor quark matter under neutron star constraints, where the X-gap is of the order of 10 keV - 1 MeV. Density independent gaps do not allow to fit the cooling data. Only the presence of an X-gap that decreases with increase of the density could allow to appropriately fit the data in a similar compact star mass interval to that following from a purely hadronic model. This scenario is suggested as an alternative explanation of the cooling data in the framework of a hybrid star model.
description: 19 pages, 8 figures
How Informative are Vital Registration Data for Estimating Maternal Mortality? A Bayesian Analysis of WHO Adjustment Data and Parameters
Creators: name: Chao, Fengqing
name: Alkema, Leontine
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 160399 Demography not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 10401 Applied Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This conference paper was presented as a poster on Aug 27th, 2013, in the XXVII IUSSP International Population Conference, Busan, Republic of Korea. The presentation won XXVII IUSSP International Population Conference Best Poster Award.
Monitoring maternal mortality is challenging due to fragmented data of varying quality. The maternal mortality estimates published by the WHO in 2012 included data adjustment parameters to account for these data quality issues, but there was a discrepancy between the WHO assumption about, and the observed variability in, misclassification errors in vital registration (VR) observations. We developed a Bayesian hierarchical time series model to estimate the extent of VR misclassification errors and to provide a plausible assessment of the uncertainty associated with VR observations for countries with and without external information on VR adjustment parameters. The resulting Bayesian distribution for VR adjustments was more comparable to the observed biases than the WHO expert distribution and the model allows for estimation of VR adjustment values for any period of interest for countries with partial information on such adjustments. We also illustrated that a fully Bayesian modeling approach for estimating maternal mortality can provide more data-driven insights into maternal mortality estimates and data adjustment parameters. However, given the paucity of, and the issues with, maternal mortality data, validation of modeling assumptions and findings is challenging; more data collection and research on measuring maternal mortality and assessing data quality are needed.
Integrating Routine, Variety Seeking and Compensatory Choice in a Utility Maximizing Framework
Creators: name: Adamowicz, Wiktor L.
name: Swait, Joffre
name: Adamowicz, Wiktor L.
name: Swait, Joffre
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Choice modeling
subject: routine behavior
subject: variety‐seeking
subject: panel data

description: Given the large number of choices that consumers make each day it seems likely that they will generally adopt decision strategies that minimize cognitive effort, particularly with low price products such as most items found in a supermarket. One such strategy may be to simply choose what has been chosen in the past, i.e. to fall into a pattern of routine choices or decisions. In contrast, there may be preferences for variety in markets for low price, highly differentiated goods. We develop a conceptual and empirical model of routine choice, and the factors that result in transitions to two strategies other than routine selection, to wit, utility maximizing choice among available alternatives and a variety seeking strategy. The empirical approach we employ provides a mechanism for the examination of panel data that avoids the state dependence issues present in most applications to these types of data. We apply this framework to the choice of two food products that illustrate the heterogeneity across types of products in decision strategies and routine choice patterns.
Decrease in the Brightness of the Cosmic X-ray and Soft Gamma-ray Background toward Clusters of Galaxies
Creators: name: Grebenev, S. A.
name: Sunyaev, R. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that Compton scattering by electrons of the hot intergalactic gas in galaxy clusters should lead to peculiar distortions of the cosmic background X-ray and soft gamma-ray radiation - an increase in its brightness at E<60-100 keV and a drop at higher energies. The distortions allow the most important cluster parameters to be measured. The spectral shape of the distortions and its dependence on the gas temperature, optical depth, and surface density distribution law have been studied using Monte Carlo computations and confirmed by analytical estimations. In the cluster frame the maximum of the background decrease due to the recoil effect occurs at ~500-600 keV. The photoionization of H- and He-like iron and nickel ions leads to additional distortions in the background spectrum - a strong absorption line with the threshold at ~9 keV (and also to an absorption jump at ~2 keV for cold clusters). The absorption of intrinsic thermal radiation from the cluster gas by these ions also leads to such lines. In nearby (z<1) clusters the line at ~2 keV is noticeably enhanced by absorption in the colder (~10^6 K) plasma of their peripheral (~3 Mpc) regions; moreover, the absorption line at ~1.3 keV splits off from it. The redshift of distant clusters shifts the absorption lines in the background spectrum (at ~2, ~9, and ~500 keV) to lower energies. Thus, in contrast to the microwave background scattering effect, this effect depends on the cluster redshift z, but in a very peculiar way. When observing clusters at z>1, the effect allows one to determine how the X-ray background evolved and how it was "gathered" with z. To detect the effect, the accuracy of measurements should reach ~0.1%. We consider the most promising clusters for observing the effect and discuss the techniques whereby the influence of the thermal gas radiation hindering the detection of background distortions should be minimal.
description: 25 pages, 15 figures, 4 tables
Structural, theoretical and third order nonlinear optical properties of (E)-N’-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-4-fluorobenzohydrazide monohydrate
Creators: name: Latha, N.
name: Barathi, D.
name: Kumar, M. Uthaya
name: Vennila, K. N.
name: Vinitha, G.
name: Mani, Rajaboopathi
name: Louhi-Kultanen, Marjatta
name: Bardak, Fehmi
name: Atac, Ahmet
name: Kose, Etem
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The title compound (E)-N’-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-4-fluorobenzohydrazide monohydrate (CBFBH) is a novel hydrazone Schiff base compound, synthesized and characterized by FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR, UV-Vis and single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Quantum chemical computations were performed by Density Functional Theory (DFT) with B3LYP/6-311G (d,p) level to study the structural and spectral properties of the synthesized compound. Reliability of the crystal structure was visualized by Hirshfeld surface analysis. Third-order nonlinear optical polarization coefficient was calculated by Z-scan technique.
TO TRUST OR DISTRUST; CONSTANT DILEMMA OF NIGERIAN POPULACE DURING PANDEMICS- THE CASE OF THE CORONAVIRUS DISEASE OF 2019 (COVID-19)
Creators: name: Idowu Oluwaseyi
name: Jokotola Prisca
name: Olorunleke Emmanuel Alebiosu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 160810 Urban Sociology and Community Studies
subject: 160804 Rural Sociology
subject: 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 150303 Corporate Governance and Stakeholder Engagement
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This work has looked at the Perspective of Nigerians on whether to trust or distrust the information, care, reports and measures put in place by the Nigerian Authorities during the covid-19 Pandemic. There were no human/biological subject use in the work.
Informationsbedarf und Informationsbeschaffung von Konsumenten bei Lebensmitteln pflanzlicher Herkunft - Eine empirische Untersuchung anhand von Fokus-Gruppen -
Creators: name: Tesch, Ines
name: Tesch, Ines
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Der Konsument als Ausgangspunkt der Lebensmittelkette bestimmt mit seinem Kauf-verhalten das Angebot an Lebensmitteln. Seine Einstellungen, seine Ängste und Bedürfnisse sind für alle politischen und wirtschaftlichen Akteure der Lebensmittelerzeugung, Distribution und Überwachung von Bedeutung. Mehr noch: künftig werden sich „alle Stufen der Lebensmittelerzeugung (...) an den Verbraucherinteressen ausrichten müssen“ *1. Gegenwärtig zeichnet sich der Verbraucher vor allem durch eines aus: Der Verbraucher ist verunsichert. Diese Feststellung treffen verschiedene Autoren, so auch die Bundesregierung in ihrem ernährungs- und agrarpolitischen Bericht 2002 *2. Zahlen zur Verunsicherung bei industriell vorgefertigten Lebensmittel liefert BERGMANN. Demnach geben 26% der Befragten ihrer Studie an, stark oder eher verunsichert zu sein *3. Um die Eigenschaften eines Produkts erkennen zu können und die Verunsicherung abzubauen, wird vielfach eine verstärkte Verbraucherinformation gefordert. So spricht sich Edda Müller, Vorstand des Bundesverbands der Verbraucherzentralen und Verbraucherverbände (BZVZ) dafür aus, dass „massiv in Verbraucheraufklärung investiert wird“ *4; die Bundesregierung plädiert für ein Verbraucherinformationsgesetz *5 und der EU-Kommissar für Gesundheit und Verbraucherschutz David Byrne fordert, „den Themen Lebensmittelqualität, Ernährung und Verbraucherinformation größere Aufmerksamkeit zu schenken“ *6. Wenn die Verbraucherinformation derzeit ein so häufig benutzter Begriff, nahezu ein Schlüsselbegriff in der Diskussion um Lebensmittel ist, sollte diese Forderung hinterfragt und weiter konkretisiert werden: Welcher Bedarf besteht tatsächlich aus Verbrauchersicht an Information und welche Möglichkeiten der Verbraucherinformation gibt es mit welchen spezifischen Vor- und Nachteilen? Diesen Fragen geht dieser Arbeitsbericht nach. *1 Husumer Gesprächskreis 2001 *2vgl. Bundesministerium für Verbraucherschutz, Ernährung und Landwirtschaft (BMVEL), 2002, S.14 *3vgl. Bergmann 2000, S.82 *4 Bund für Umwelt- und Naturschutz Deutschland (BUND) et al. 2001 *5 Der Entwurf wurde vom Bundesrat im Juni 2002 abgelehnt. *6 Byrne 2002, eigene Übersetzung
Nonrepresentable relation algebras from group systems
Creators: name: Andréka, H.
name: Givant, S.
name: Németi, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03G15, 20Bxx, 03Gxx, 03E20, 03C05

description: A series of nonrepresentable relation algebras is constructed from groups. We use them to prove that there are continuum many subvarieties between the variety of representable relation algebras and the variety of coset relation algebras. We present our main construction in terms of polygroupoids.
description: This is the sixth member of a series of papers on measurable relation algebras
Farmers' Perceptions about Spatial Yield Variability and Precision Farming Technology Adoption: An Empirical Study of Cotton Production in 12 Southeastern States
Creators: name: Kotsiri, Sofia
name: Rejesus, Roderick M.
name: Marra, Michele C.
name: Velandia, Margarita M.
name: Kotsiri, Sofia
name: Rejesus, Roderick M.
name: Marra, Michele C.
name: Velandia, Margarita M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Farm Management
subject: Production Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Multinomial logit
subject: endogeneity
subject: variable rate input applications
subject: site specific information gathering technology
subject: yield perceptions

description: This paper examines how cotton farmers' perceptions about their spatial yield variability influence their decision to adopt precision farming technologies. Utilizing cross-section survey data from 12 Southeastern states and a two-step econometric modeling approach, we find that farmers who perceive their yields as more spatially heterogeneous will more likely use site specific information gathering technologies and apply their inputs at a variable rate. In addition, our empirical analysis shows that perceptions about future profitability and importance of precision farming, along with socio-economic factors, also drive the technology adoption decision. These results have implications for producers contemplating the variable rate management decisions, as well as dealers selling these precision farming technologies.
Localized Excitons in Defective Monolayer Germanium Selenide
Creators: name: Cohen, Arielle
name: Lewis, D. Kirk
name: Huang, Tianlun
name: Sharifzadeh, Sahar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Germanium Selenide (GeSe) is a van der Waals-bonded layered material with promising optoelectronic properties, which has been experimentally synthesized for 2D semiconductor applications. In the monolayer, due to reduced dimensionality and, thus, screening environment, perturbations such as the presence of defects have a significant impact on its properties. We apply density functional theory and many-body perturbation theory to understand the electronic and optical properties of GeSe containing a single selenium vacancy in the $-2$ charge state. We predict that the vacancy results in mid-gap "trap states" that strongly localize the electron and hole density and lead to sharp, low-energy optical absorption peaks below the predicted pristine optical gap. Analysis of the exciton wavefunction reveals that the 2D Wannier-Mott exciton of the pristine monolayer is highly localized around the defect, reducing its Bohr radius by a factor of four and producing a dipole moment along the out-of-plane axis due to the defect-induced symmetry breaking. Overall, these results suggest that the vacancy is a strong perturbation to the system, demonstrating the importance of considering defects in the context of material design.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Thermostats for "slow" configurational modes
Creators: name: Samoletov, A. A.
name: Dettmann, C. P.
name: Chaplain, M. A. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Thermostats are dynamical equations used to model thermodynamic variables such as temperature and pressure in molecular simulations. For computationally intensive problems such as the simulation of biomolecules, we propose to average over fast momentum degrees of freedom and construct thermostat equations in configuration space. The equations of motion are deterministic analogues of the Smoluchowski dynamics in the method of stochastic differential equations.
description: 17 pages, 1 figure, close to published
Prognose der Entwicklung des Agrartechnikmarktes. Eine Expertenbefragung nach der Delphi-Methode
Creators: name: Vorgrimler, Daniel
name: Wubben, Dirk
name: Vorgrimler, Daniel
name: Wubben, Dirk
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Prognosen über die Entwicklung des Agrartechnikmarktes haben sich in der Vergangenheit als äußerst schwierig erwiesen. So prognostizierte die Agrartechnikindustrie zu Beginn der Neunzigerjahre auf dem westeuropäischen Traktorenmarkt bis zum Jahr 2000 einen Rückgang des Absatzes von 200.000 auf 100.000 Einheiten. Es kam jedoch ganz anders. Tatsächlich wurden im Jahre 2000 180.000 Traktoren verkauft, wobei der Marktverlauf in den einzelnen Ländern aber sehr unterschiedlich war. Die Entwicklung des Agrartechnikmarktes wird durch eine Vielzahl von Faktoren beeinflusst. Sowohl auf der Seite der Hersteller als auch auf der Seite der Landwirtschaft zeigten sich in der jüngsten Vergangenheit gravierende Veränderungen. Wie sich diese Veränderungen und möglicherweise weitere neue Einflüsse auswirken, soll durch eine Expertenbefragung nach der Delphi-Methode untersucht werden. Zweifellos lässt sich die Zukunft nicht eindeutig prognostizieren, jedoch liefert die Delphi-Methode erfahrungsgemäß gute Prognoseergebnisse. Diese Delphi-Befragung soll daher mit dazu beitragen, ein genaueres Bild über den zukünftigen Agrartechnikmarkt zu erstellen. In Kapitel 2 steht die Delphi-Methode im Mittelpunkt der Betrachtung. Es wird aufgezeigt, wie sich die Methode entwickelt hat und ihr Aufbau allgemein beschrieben. Darauf folgt eine Diskussion über die Vor- und Nachteile der Delphi-Methode. Abschließend wird der Aufbau der Delphi-Studie zur Entwicklung des Agrartechnikmarktes vorgestellt. Das 3. Kapitel beschreibt die aktuelle Lage auf dem Agrartechnikmarkt. Dabei stehen Sachverhalte im Mittelpunkt, die im Rahmen der Studie untersucht werden. Die Ergebnisse der Delphi-Studie werden im 4. Kapitel dargestellt. Hier werden die erwarteten Entwicklungen in den Rahmenbedingungen und den Einflussfaktoren, in der Nachfrage, in der Anbieterstruktur sowie im Marketing aufgezeigt. Kapitel 5 fasst die Studie zusammen.
Supramolecular self-assembly of hydrogen bonded phenylenediboronic acid-alkoxy benzoic acids and their silver nanocomposites
Creators: name: Bhagavath, Poornima
name: Sunil, Dhanya
name: Muhr, Magdalena
name: Kekuda, Dhananjaya
name: Fathima, Huda
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Hydrogen bonded liquid crystals are functional soft materials that have attracted great research interest due to unique combination of their structural and dynamic properties. 1,4-Benzene diboronic acid (BDBA) was hydrogen bonded with mesogenic alkoxy benzoic acids (ABA) to form self-organized supramolecular structures, which exhibited nematic and smectic textures, confirmed using polarizing optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction measurements. Uniform dispersion of 3% silver nanoparticles in the supramolecular matrix resulted in minor variations in the mesogenic behavior, but appreciable changes in the resistivity values were observed compared to the hydrogen-bonded BDBA-12ABA binary mixture.
Fiscal policy consistency and implications for macroeconomic aggregates: the case of Uganda
Creators: name: Hisali, Eria
name: Hisali, Eria
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Production Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: fiscal stance
subject: macroeconomic aggregates
subject: structural vector autogression
subject: budget accounting approach
subject: EPRC

description: The relationship between growth in monetary aggregates and price changes continues to be a subject of considerable debate both in the academic and policy circles. Whereas the more ‘conservative’ policy makers hold that growth in monetary aggregates bear proportionately on prices, ‘liberals’ on the other hand suggest a fairly weak relationship and instead mainly attribute sustained price changes to other innovations (including structural weaknesses and poor productive capacity). This study employed vector autoregression techniques (and its variants) to examine both short term as well as long term interactions between selected macroeconomic aggregates with particular focus on the relationship between money growth and price changes. Results from both the reduced form vector autoregression specification and the contemporaneous structural vector autoregression show a weak causation from growth in monetary aggregates to price changes, but the link between changes in monetary aggregates and prices becomes stronger in the long run. The results also point to a strong relationship between price changes on the one hand and exchange rate depreciation, and past inflation outcomes on the other. The results imply a potential for increased revenue from monetisation, at least up to some feasible as well as the need to focus on other possible sources of price variations. In general, whereas it is possible for the relationship between prices and money to weaken, budget deficits beyond ‘certain financeable limits’ will clearly negate the possibility of attaining other objectives of macroeconomic policy. A natural concern that arises in such a context is one of sustainability and compatibility of the budget deficit with other macroeconomic targets. We also employed the government budget accounting framework to analyse sustainability of Uganda’s current fiscal stance. The results show that the consolidated deficit is consistent with attainment of target outcomes for other macroeconomic variables, most notably the rates of inflation and GDP growth rates. The inflation target has however, been achieved at the cost of an unsustainable domestic debt. From a policy perspective, issuing domestic debt at such a high real interest rates will allow lower money growth but at the cost of future increases in debt service obligations and thus future budget deterioration.