cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Nonaxisymmetric Magnetorotational Instability in Proto-Neutron Stars
Creators: name: Masada, Youhei
name: Sano, Takayoshi
name: Takabe, Hideaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the stability of differentially rotating proto-neutron stars (PNSs) with a toroidal magnetic field. Stability criteria for nonaxisymmetric MHD instabilities are derived using a local linear analysis. PNSs are expected to have much stronger radial shear in the rotation velocity compared to normal stars. We find that nonaxisymmetric magnetorotational instability (NMRI) with a large azimuthal wavenumber $m$ is dominant over the kink mode ($m=1$) in differentially rotating PNSs. The growth rate of the NMRI is of the order of the angular velocity $Ω$ which is faster than that of the kink-type instability by several orders of magnitude. The stability criteria are analogous to those of the axisymmetric magnetorotational instability with a poloidal field, although the effects of leptonic gradients are considered in our analysis. The NMRI can grow even in convectively stable layers if the wavevectors of unstable modes are parallel to the restoring force by the Brunt-Väisälä oscillation. The nonlinear evolution of NMRI could amplify the magnetic fields and drive MHD turbulence in PNSs, which may lead to enhancement of the neutrino luminosity.
description: 24pages, 7figures, Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal (December 12, 2005)
Additional file 1 of Effect of periodontal therapy on COPD outcomes: a systematic review
Creators: name: Apessos, Ioulianos
name: Voulgaris, Athanasios
name: Agrafiotis, Michalis
name: Andreadis, Dimitrios
name: Steiropoulos, Paschalis
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: TableS1. Excluded studies with reasons.
AGRICULTURAL ECONOMIC REPORT 2003 OF THE NETHERLANDS: SUMMARY
Creators: name: Berkhout, Petra
name: Van Bruchem, Cees
name: Berkhout, Petra
name: Van Bruchem, Cees
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Public Economics

description: This report offers an English summary of the Landbouw-Economisch Bericht 2003. It presents a survey of the economic state of Dutch agriculture and horticulture. First, attention is paid to general economic and political developments and to the development of the agricultural complex. Next, the report deals with the rural area and with environmental issues. Following a description of the production structure and production factors in agriculture, profitability and income formation in the various subsectors are analysed.
Additional file 1 of Molecular comparison of pure ovarian fibroma with serous benign ovarian tumours
Creators: name: Hunter, Sally M.
name: Dall, Genevieve V.
name: Doyle, Maria A.
name: Lupat, Richard
name: Li, Jason
name: Prue Allan
name: Rowley, Simone M.
name: Bowtell, David
name: Campbell, Ian G.
name: Gorringe, Kylie L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Genomic copy number aberrations.
A Global Troposphere Model for VLBI Simulations
Creators: name: Schartner, Matthias
name: Soja, Benedikt
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: VLBI simulation studies play an important role in various applications, including optimizingstation network designs, exploring innovative concepts, advancing technologicaldevelopments, and testing observation strategies. Realistic simulations are crucial forinformed decision-making and must account for various error sources such asmeasurement noise, clock drift, and atmospheric effects. Accurate simulation oftropospheric effects, particularly incorporating spatio-temporal correlations, is essential inthis context.Traditionally, tropospheric simulations rely on Kolmogorov turbulence theory combinedwith the frozen flow assumption. These simulations are parameterized using the refractiveindex structure constant (Cn), alongside auxiliary parameters like wind velocity andtroposphere height. Although Cn values can be derived from GNSS observations, mostexisting studies assume a generalized average troposphere, independent of specificlocations or seasonal variations. Only a few incorporate simplistic, location-basedconditions, often through a basic latitude-based interpolation. Furthermore, reliance onGNSS data limits the ability to test potential network extensions where such observationsare unavailable.This work advances tropospheric simulations by developing a global, three-dimensional(latitude, longitude, time) Cn model. The model is based on Zenith Wet Delay (ZWD)estimates from 21,000 GNSS stations (2000-2023) and meteorological data from theERA5 reanalysis model, including specific humidity across 11 pressure levels (300 to 1000hPa) and wind velocity. It is also adaptable for short-term prediction scenarios using HRESweather forecasts, making it suitable for operational applications.The proposed model manages to capture both spatial and temporal patterns adequately,resulting in more realistic simulations. Additionally, it can be used to derive global monthlyaverage estimates on a 0.25° x 0.25° grid, offering a practical and sufficiently accuratesolution for most simulation studies. The model's performance is further validated throughcomparisons with real VLBI observations, demonstrating significant improvements insimulation accuracy.
Dierenwelzijn in transitie: Thema's rond de implementative van de dierenwelzijnsindex
Creators: name: Ingenbleek, Paul T.M.
name: Backus, Ge B.C.
name: Binnekamp, Menno H.A.
name: Bondt, Nico
name: Goddijn, Silvia T.
name: Hoste, Robert
name: Immink, Victor M.
name: Oosterkamp, Elsje B.
name: De Vilieger, J.J.
name: Ingenbleek, Paul T.M.
name: Backus, Ge B.C.
name: Binnekamp, Menno H.A.
name: Bondt, Nico
name: Goddijn, Silvia T.
name: Hoste, Robert
name: Immink, Victor M.
name: Oosterkamp, Elsje B.
name: De Vilieger, J.J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: The Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality wants to stimulate and support them process of improving animal welfare beyond the statutory level by means of research in which the animal welfare index occupies a central position. This report discusses various topics concerned with the implementation of that animal welfare index. The implementation of the index is viewed within the structural development towards more sustainable livestock production. The report devotes specific attention to code of conduct organisations, animal protection groups, the additional costs of animal welfare measures and financial policy instruments. A 'spy hole' is also formulated for the implementation of the index. LNV wil het proces van dierenwelzijnsverbetering in de veehouderij tot een bovenwettelijk niveau stimuleren en ondersteunen met onderzoek waarin de dierenwelzijnsindex centraal staat. Dit rapport bespreekt verschillende thema's rond de implementatie van die dierenwelzijnsindex. De implementatie van de index wordt gezien binnen de structurele ontwikkeling naar een meer duurzame veehouderij. Specifiek is er in het rapport aandacht voor gedragscodeorganisaties, dierenbeschermingsgroepen, meerkosten van dierenwelzijnsmaatregelen en financiële beleidsinstrumenten. Tevens wordt er een 'doorkijk' geformuleerd naar de implementatie van de index.
Controlling Campylobacter in the chicken meat chain; Estimation of intervention costs
Creators: name: Mangen, Marie-Josee J.
name: Poppe, Krijn J.
name: Havelaar, Arie H.
name: Mangen, Marie-Josee J.
name: Poppe, Krijn J.
name: Havelaar, Arie H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: Campylobacter infections are a serious public health problem in the Netherlands. As a part of the CARMA project, this study focus on the estimation of the potential direct costs related to the implementation of various intervention measures to control campylobacters in the chicken meat chain. Costs were estimated using a second-order stochastic simulation model. Treating only positively tested flocks is far cheaper than treating all flocks. The implementation of equipment to reduce faecal leakage would be the cheapest, while irradiation would be costliness. However, indirect costs for the various interventions, if occurring, would be far higher than the estimated direct costs.
Additional file 3 of Molecular comparison of pure ovarian fibroma with serous benign ovarian tumours
Creators: name: Hunter, Sally M.
name: Dall, Genevieve V.
name: Doyle, Maria A.
name: Lupat, Richard
name: Li, Jason
name: Prue Allan
name: Rowley, Simone M.
name: Bowtell, David
name: Campbell, Ian G.
name: Gorringe, Kylie L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3: Figure S1. Correlation between the number of mutations and average allele frequency, suggesting that normal contamination may limit the number of mutations detected.
WATER AS AN ECONOMIC GOOD IN IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE: THEORY AND PRACTICE
Creators: name: Hellegers, Petra J.G.J.
name: Perry, Christopher J.
name: Hellegers, Petra J.G.J.
name: Perry, Christopher J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: This report describes the results of the Water Valuation and Pricing project, which aims to provide insight into the relevance of economics to typical problems found in irrigated agriculture. It first considers the theoretical basis for the use of economic instruments, then considers their usefulness in the context of five case studies of irrigated areas - in Egypt, India, Indonesia, Morocco and Ukraine. The case studies confirm that competition for scarce water and shortage of funds are widespread. The study provides insight into the current price paid for water, the cost of service provision, and the value to irrigators of the water they receive. The analysis shows that volumetric pricing is unlikely to be relevant to demand management because the price of water at which demand and supply would be balanced is so high as to substantially reduce farm incomes. This socio-political problem, plus the technical and administrative complexity of measuring and accounting for water, and the crucial distinction between water applied to the field and water consumed by the crop make water pricing an unsuitable approach to balancing supply and demand.
Productiekosten varkensvlees
Creators: name: Hoste, Robert
name: Bondt, Nico
name: Hoste, Robert
name: Bondt, Nico
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: Commissioned by the Dutch Product Board for Livestock, Meat and Eggs, LEI has carried out an international comparative study of the production costs in pig farming in the year 2004. Also the cost increases expected until 2013 resulting from policy measures are examined. The study also includes an indication for all studied countries of the supply chain costs to deliver pork to the German market. The Netherlands have a favourable production costs position, but, more than other EU countries, have to deal with increasing costs because of policy measures. In opdracht van de PVE heeft het LEI een internationaal vergelijkende studie gedaan naar de productiekosten van varkens in 2004. Ook is gekeken naar de verwachte kostenontwikkeling tot 2013 door beleidsmaatregelen. Verder is een indicatie gegeven van de kolomkosten voor levering van varkensvlees vanuit de onderzochte landen op de Duitse afzetmarkt. Nederland heeft een gunstige kostprijspositie, maar krijgt meer dan andere EU-landen te maken met toenemende kosten door beleidsmaatregelen.
Signatures of odd-frequency pairing in the Josephson junction current noise
Creators: name: Souto, R. Seoane
name: Kuzmanovski, D.
name: Balatsky, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Odd frequency (odd-$ω$) electron pair correlations naturally appear at the interface between BCS superconductors and other materials. The detection of odd-$ω$ pairs, which are necessarily non-local in time, is still an open problem. The main reason is that they do not contribute to static measurements described by time-local correlation functions. Therefore, dynamical measurements, which depend on non-local time correlations, are suitable for detecting these pairs. In this work, we study the signatures of odd-$ω$ pairs in the supercurrent noise through a weak link between two superconductors at different superconducting phases. We show that the finite frequency current noise can be decomposed into three different contributions coming from even frequency (even-$ω$), odd-$ω$ pair amplitudes, and electron-hole correlation functions. Odd-$ω$ pairing, which is inter-lead (between electrons at different sides of the junction), provides a positive contribution to the noise, becoming maximal at a superconducting phase difference of $π$. In contrast, intra-lead even-$ω$ pair amplitude tends to reduce the noise, except for a region close to $π$, controlled by the transmission of the junction.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
The Heider balance and social distance
Creators: name: Gawronski, P.
name: Gronek, P.
name: Kulakowski, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Heider balance is a state of a group of people with established mutual relations between them. These relations, friendly or hostile, can be measured in the Bogardus scale of the social distance. In previous works on the Heider balance, these relations have been described with integers 0 and $\pm1$. Recently we have proposed real numbers instead. Also, differential equations have been used to simulate the time evolution of the relations, which were allowed to vary within a given range. In this work, we investigate an influence of this allowed range on the system dynamics. As a result, we have found that a narrowing of the range of relations leads to a large delay in achieving the Heider balance. Another point is that a slight shift of the initial distribution of the social distance towards friendship can lead to a total elimination of hostility.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures
ML Models of Vibrating H$_2$CO: Comparing Reproducing Kernels, FCHL and PhysNet
Creators: name: Käser, Silvan
name: Koner, Debasish
name: Christensen, Anders S.
name: von Lilienfeld, O. Anatole
name: Meuwly, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Machine Learning (ML) has become a promising tool for improving the quality of atomistic simulations. Using formaldehyde as a benchmark system for intramolecular interactions, a comparative assessment of ML models based on state-of-the-art variants of deep neural networks (NN), reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS+F), and kernel ridge regression (KRR) is presented. Learning curves for energies and atomic forces indicate rapid convergence towards excellent predictions for B3LYP, MP2, and CCSD(T)-F12 reference results for modestly sized (in the hundreds) training sets. Typically, learning curve off-sets decay as one goes from NN (PhysNet) to RKHS+F to KRR (FCHL). Conversely, the predictive power for extrapolation of energies towards new geometries increases in the same order with RKHS+F and FCHL performing almost equally. For harmonic vibrational frequencies, the picture is less clear, with PhysNet and FCHL yielding respectively flat learning at $\sim$ 1 and $\sim$ 0.2 cm$^{-1}$ no matter which reference method, while RKHS+F models level off for B3LYP, and exhibit continued improvements for MP2 and CCSD(T)-F12. Finite-temperature molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with the same initial conditions yield indistinguishable infrared spectra with good performance compared with experiment except for the high-frequency modes involving hydrogen stretch motion which is a known limitation of MD for vibrational spectroscopy. For sufficiently large training set sizes all three models can detect insufficient convergence (``noise'') of the reference electronic structure calculations in that the learning curves level off. Transfer learning (TL) from B3LYP to CCSD(T)-F12 with PhysNet indicates that additional improvements in data efficiency can be achieved.
Additional file 9 of Identification of metabolites associated with prostate cancer risk: a nested case-control study with long follow-up in the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study
Creators: name: Röhnisch, Hanna E.
name: Kyrø, Cecilie
name: Olsen, Anja
name: Thysell, Elin
name: Hallmans, Göran
name: Moazzami, Ali A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 9. Status of glucose metabolism and prostate cancer risk.
Suppression of Non-photonic Electrons from Enhancement of Charm Baryons in Heavy Ion Collisions
Creators: name: Sorensen, P. R.
name: Dong, X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At intermediate transverse momentum (2 < p_T < 6 GeV/c), baryon production in Au+Au collisions is enhanced compared to p+p collisions. Since charm baryon decays produce electrons less frequently than charm meson decays, the non-photonic electron spectrum is sensitive to the Lambda_c/D ratio. In this report we study the dependence of the non-photonic electron spectrum on the baryon-to-meson ratio for charm hadrons. As an example, we take the Lambda_c/D ratio to have the same form as the Lambda/K^0_S ratio. In this case, even if the total charm quark yield in Au+Au collisions scales with the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions (N_bin), the electron spectrum at 2 < p_T < 5 GeV/c is suppressed relative to N_bin scaled p+p collisions by as much as 20%.
description: Added STAR data to figure 1 and made slight text modifications (fixed figure replacement)
Kinetic theory with spin: From massive to massless fermions
Creators: name: Sheng, Xin-Li
name: Wang, Qun
name: Huang, Xu-Guang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find that the recently developed kinetic theories with spin for massive and massless fermions are smoothly connected. By introducing a reference-frame vector, we decompose the dipole-moment tensor into electric and magnetic dipole moments. We show that the axial-vector component of the Wigner function contains a contribution from the transverse magnetic dipole moment which accounts for the transverse spin degree of freedom (DOF) and vanishes smoothly in the massless limit. As a result, the kinetic equations, describing four DOF for massive fermions, becomes smoothly the chiral kinetic equations describing two DOF in the massless limit. We also confirm the small-mass behavior of the Wigner function by explicit calculation using a Gaussian wave packet.
description: 12 pages, no figure
Leading Wave as a Component of the Spiral Pattern of the Galaxy
Creators: name: Mel'nik, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spiral pattern of the Galaxy identified by analyzing the kinematics of young stars within 3 kpc of the Sun is Fourier decomposed into spiral harmonics. The spiral pattern of the Galaxy is shown to be representable as a superposition of trailing and leading waves with interarm distances of 1.8(+/-0.4) kpc and 4(+/-2) kpc, respectively. Shock waves are probably present only in the portions of the trailing spiral pattern where it crosses the crest of the leading wave. The small interarm distance of the trailing spiral wave (1.8 kpc) can be explained by its evolution - by the decrease in the interarm distance as the wave is displaced toward the inner Lindblad resonance. The Carina arm may be part of this resonance ring.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures, to be published in Astronomy Letters, 2005
Exploring pedagogical content knowledge of physics instructors using the force concept inventory
Creators: name: Maries, Alexandru
name: Singh, Chandralekha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Force Concept Inventory (FCI) has been widely used to assess student understanding of introductory mechanics concepts by educators and physics education researchers. Many of the items on the FCI have strong distractor choices corresponding to students' alternate conceptions in mechanics. Instruction is unlikely to be effective if instructors do not explicitly take into account students' initial knowledge state in their instructional design. We discuss research involving the FCI to evaluate the pedagogical content knowledge of instructors of varying teaching experience. For each item on the FCI, instructors were asked to identify the most common incorrect answer choice of introductory physics students. We also discussed the responses individually with some instructors. Then we used the FCI pre-test and post-test data from a large population (~900) of introductory students to assess the pedagogical content knowledge of the physics instructors related to the FCI. While the physics instructors, on average, performance better than random guessing at identifying introductory students' difficulties with FCI content, they did not identify many common difficulties of introductory physics students. Moreover, the ability to correctly identify students' difficulties was not correlated with the teaching experience of instructors.
description: 4 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1307.7177
Scaling and function of spider safety line
Creators: name: Ortlepp, Christine Silke
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Major ampullate silk, also known as dragline, is one of the most common types of silk used by spiders. Most spiders spool dragline out as they move, tacking it down periodically, so that the silk will act as a safety line in the event of a fall and brings the spider to a stop. While many spiders are small enough not to be damaged by a fall, gravid female orb weavers have such large, heavy abdomen that a hard impact can be fatal. The worst case scenario is a fall with a preformed length of silk and no additional silk spooled by the spider. Tests of the material properties show that the dragline produced by the adult Araneus diadematus, an orb weaver, and Salticus scenicus, a jumping spider, would break during such a fall. Where this scenario fails, is that spiders spool out more silk as they fall. By activating a friction brake, gravitational energy can be converted to heat which prevents the silk from being overloaded. The possible sources of friction available to a falling spider, namely the rear leg grabbing the silk, and an internal friction brake, were characterized by forcibly silking A. diadematus spiders. Results show that each rear leg can apply up to 3 body weights of force, and depending on the mass of the spider, the internal brake can exert up to 6 body weight of force. To determine to what extent spiders apply brakes during normal behaviour, falling A. diadematus and S. scenicus were filmed with a high speed camera. This showed that these spiders apply no more than 2 and 1.6 body weights of force respectively. The resulting dynamic safety factor was between 2.5 and 6 for A. diadematus, and 1 for S. scenicus. Therefore, by spooling out additional silk while applying friction brakes, the silk is prevented from failing while bringing the spider safely to a stop.
Additional file 8 of Identification of metabolites associated with prostate cancer risk: a nested case-control study with long follow-up in the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study
Creators: name: Röhnisch, Hanna E.
name: Kyrø, Cecilie
name: Olsen, Anja
name: Thysell, Elin
name: Hallmans, Göran
name: Moazzami, Ali A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 8. Correlation of lysophosphatidylcholines with dietary fatty acids.
Additional file 6 of Identification of metabolites associated with prostate cancer risk: a nested case-control study with long follow-up in the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study
Creators: name: Röhnisch, Hanna E.
name: Kyrø, Cecilie
name: Olsen, Anja
name: Thysell, Elin
name: Hallmans, Göran
name: Moazzami, Ali A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 6. Associations with overall prostate cancer risk after stratification by follow-up time.
Additional file 7 of Identification of metabolites associated with prostate cancer risk: a nested case-control study with long follow-up in the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study
Creators: name: Röhnisch, Hanna E.
name: Kyrø, Cecilie
name: Olsen, Anja
name: Thysell, Elin
name: Hallmans, Göran
name: Moazzami, Ali A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 7. Adjusting for the sum of lysophosphatidylcholines with ≤20 carbons.
Model for Assembly and Gelation of Four-Armed DNA Dendrimers
Creators: name: Starr, Francis W.
name: Sciortino, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce and numerically study a model designed to mimic the bulk behavior of a system composed of single-stranded DNA dendrimers. Complementarity of the base sequences of different strands results in the formation of strong cooperative intermolecular links. We find that in an extremely narrow temperature range the system forms a large-scale, low-density disordered network via a thermo-reversible gel transition. By controlling the strand length, the gel transition temperature can be made arbitrarily close to the percolation transition, in contrast with recent model systems of physical gelation. This study helps the understanding of self-assembly in this class of new biomaterials and provides an excellent bridge between physical and chemical gels.
Atomic scale investigation of the volume phase transition in concentrated PNIPAM microgels
Creators: name: Zanatta, M.
name: Tavagnacco, L.
name: Buratti, E.
name: Chiessi, E.
name: Natali, F.
name: Bertoldo, M.
name: Orecchini, A.
name: Zaccarelli, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Combining elastic incoherent neutron scattering and differential scanning calorimetry, we investigate the occurrence of the volume phase transition (VPT) in very concentrated PNIPAM microgel suspensions, from a polymer weight fraction of 30~wt\% up to dry conditions. Although samples are arrested at the macroscopic scale, atomic degrees of freedom are equilibrated and can be probed in a reproducible way. A clear signature of the VPT is present as a sharp drop of the mean square displacement of PNIPAM hydrogen atoms obtained by neutron scattering. As a function of concentration, the VPT gets smoother as dry conditions are approached whereas the VPT temperature shows a minimum at about 43~wt\%. This behavior is qualitatively confirmed by calorimetry measurements. Molecular dynamics simulations are employed to complement experimental results and gain further insights into the nature of the VPT, confirming that it involves the formation of an attractive gel state between the microgels. Overall, these results provide evidence that the VPT in PNIPAM-based systems can be detected at different time- and length-scales as well as in overcrowded conditions.
Lomiento, gennaro: Il dialogo di Origene con Eraclide ed i vescovi suoi colleghi sul Padre, il Figlio e l´anima
Creators: name: Gessel, Wilhelm
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 56 (1972): Oriens christianus, Band 56
Domain Walls and Flux Tubes
Creators: name: Bolognesi, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new vortex solution made of a domain wall compactified into a cylinder and stabilized by the magnetic flux within. When the thickness of the wall is much less than the radius of the vortex some precise results can be obtained, such as the tension spectrum and profile functions. This vortex can naturally end on the wall that has created it, making the simplest junction between a wall and a vortex. We then classify every kind of junction between a flux tube and domain wall. The criteria for classification are as follows: a flux can or can not end on the wall, and when it ends, the flux must go somewhere. Various examples are discussed, including abelian and non-ablelian theories, as well as supersymmetric and non-supersymmetric theories.
description: 34 pages, 21 figures
Tidal Disruptions of White Dwarfs: Theoretical Models and Observational Prospects
Creators: name: Maguire, Kate
name: Eracleous, Michael
name: Jonker, Peter G.
name: MacLeod, Morgan
name: Rosswog, Stephan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: White dwarf stars that enter the tidal radius of black holes with masses $\lesssim$ $10^5$ M$_{\odot}$ are doomed to be ripped apart by tidal forces. Black holes in this mass range between stellar black holes and supermassive black holes have not been conclusively identified so the detection of a tidal disruption of a white dwarf would provide clear evidence for the existence of intermediate-mass black holes. In this review, we present a theoretical and observational overview of the transient events that result from the tidal disruptions of white dwarfs by intermediate-mass black holes. This includes discussion of the latest simulations and predicted properties, the results of observational searches, as well as a summary of the potential for gravitational wave emission to be detected with upcoming missions.
description: Accepted for publication in Springer Space Science Reviews. Chapter in review, 'The Tidal Disruption of Stars by Massive Black Holes', editors: P. G. Jonker, S. Phinney, E. M. Rossi, S. v. Velzen, I. Arcavi & M. Falanga
Ballistic bit addressing in a magnetic memory cell array
Creators: name: Schumacher, H. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A ringing free bit addressing scheme for magnetic memories like MRAM (magnetic random access memory) is proposed. As in standard MRAM addressing schemes the switching of a selected cell is obtained by the combination of two half-select field pulses. Numerical solutions of a single spin model of an MRAM cell show that the pulse parameters can be chosen such that the application of the half select pulse induces a full precessional turn of the magnetization (no switch) whereas the superposition of two half select pulses induces a half precessional turn (switch). With well adapted pulse parameters both fullselect and half-select switching occurs on ballistic trajectories characterized by the absence of ringing after magnetic pulse decay. Such ballistic bit addressing allows ultra high MRAM clock rates. 1
description: 16 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 1 of Evaluation on immediate analgesic efficacy and safety of Kai-Hou-Jian spray (children’s type) in treating sore throat caused by acute pharyngitis and tonsillitis in children: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Ma, Yan-Ning
name: Zhong, Cheng-Liang
name: Hu, Si-Yuan
name: Qiu-Han Cai
name: Sheng-Xuan Guo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. SPIRIT 2013 Checklist: Recommended items to address in a clinical trial protocol and related documents*.
Generating Randomness from a Computable, Non-random Sequence of Qubits
Creators: name: Bhojraj, Tejas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nies and Scholz introduced the notion of a state to describe an infinite sequence of qubits and defined quantum-Martin-Lof randomness for states, analogously to the well known concept of Martin-Löf randomness for elements of Cantor space (the space of infinite sequences of bits). We formalize how 'measurement' of a state in a basis induces a probability measure on Cantor space. A state is 'measurement random' (mR) if the measure induced by it, under any computable basis, assigns probability one to the set of Martin-Löf randoms. Equivalently, a state is mR if and only if measuring it in any computable basis yields a Martin-Löf random with probability one. While quantum-Martin-Löf random states are mR, the converse fails: there is a mR state, x which is not quantum-Martin-Löf random. In fact, something stronger is true. While x is computable and can be easily constructed, measuring it in any computable basis yields an arithmetically random sequence with probability one. I.e., classical arithmetic randomness can be generated from a computable, non-quantum random sequence of qubits.
description: In Proceedings QPL 2019, arXiv:2004.14750
Eans, David Beecher: Leontius of Byzantium
Creators: name: Gessel, Wilhelm
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 56 (1972): Oriens christianus, Band 56
Colonizing Manchuria : racial harmony and agricultural emigration in the Japanese empire
Creators: name: McDowell, Kevin
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: From 1932 to 1945 the Japanese government sponsored agricultural emigration campaigns to Manchuria designed to restructure rural society in Japan and create enclaves of Japanese communities in the outlying regions of north Manchuria. The agricultural emigration movement fused agrarian ideology with the racial harmony concepts developed by colonial agencies in the region. The primary objective of the minzoku kyowa ideology was first to block Chinese nationalism and later to foster the creation of a 'national spirit' in the new state of Manchukuo. Agrarian activists and Kwantung Army officials collaborated in planning and organizing the emigration enterprise. For Nohonshugisha emigration was a solution to the economic and social malaise of the countryside, while the military was mainly concerned with placing the settlers along transport networks and on the border with the Soviet Union, thereby enlisting them as informal auxiliaries in combating Chinese resistance and guarding against Russian invasion. The emigration venture began in 1932 with a five-year trial emigration program and then grew into a plan to locate 1,000,000 Japanese farming households in Northeast China in a twenty-year period. As the scale expanded emigration to Manchuria, bolstered by propaganda, popular media, and a network of migration agencies that extended from the national government to local leaders, organizations, and schools, moved into the public consciousness. Colonists, ranging from young boys to families, were promised empty spaces, bountiful land, elevated social status, and a pioneering role in building a society rooted on racial harmony. Colonizing Manchuria, however, proved to be a difficult and disillusioning venture when propaganda images and minzoku kyowa gave way to the complexities of farming the Manchurian frontier.
3D kinematics of white dwarfs from the SPY project II
Creators: name: Pauli, E. -M.
name: Napiwotzki, R.
name: Heber, U.
name: Altmann, M.
name: Odenkirchen, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the kinematics of a sample of 398 DA white dwarfs from the SPY project (ESO SN Ia Progenitor surveY) and discuss kinematic criteria for distinguishing thin-disk, thick-disk, and halo populations. This is the largest homogeneous sample of white dwarfs for which 3D space motions have been determined. Since the percentage of old stars among white dwarfs is higher than among main-sequence stars, they are presumably valuable tools in studies of old populations, such as the halo and the thick disk. Radial velocities and spectroscopic distances were combined with our measurements of proper motions to derive 3D space motions. Galactic orbits were computed. Our kinematic criteria for assigning population membership were deduced from a sample of F and G stars, for which chemical criteria can be used to distinguish between a thin-disk, a thick-disk and a halo star. Our kinematic population classification scheme is based on the position in the U-V-velocity diagram, the position in the Jz-eccentricity diagram, and the Galactic orbit. We combined this with age information and found seven halo and 27 thick-disk white dwarfs in this brightness limited sample. Correspondingly 2% of the white dwarfs belong to the halo and 7% to the thick disk. The mass contribution of the thick-disk white dwarfs is found to be substantial, but is insufficient to account for the missing dark matter. (abbreviated)
description: A&A, accepted
Additional file 5 of Identification of metabolites associated with prostate cancer risk: a nested case-control study with long follow-up in the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study
Creators: name: Röhnisch, Hanna E.
name: Kyrø, Cecilie
name: Olsen, Anja
name: Thysell, Elin
name: Hallmans, Göran
name: Moazzami, Ali A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 5. Differential associations by age group and disease type.
Constraining the IMF in Extreme Environments: Detecting Young Low Mass Stars in Unresolved Starbursts
Creators: name: Meyer, Michael R.
name: Greissl, Julia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate the feasibility of detecting directly low mass stars in unresolved super-star clusters with ages < 10 Myr using near-infrared spectroscopy at modest resolution (R ~ 1000). Such measurements could constrain the ratio of high to low mass stars in these extreme star-forming events, providing a direct test on the universal nature of the initial mass function (IMF) compared to the disk of the Milky Way (Chabrier, 2003). We compute the integrated light of super-star clusters with masses of 10^6 Msun drawn from the Salpeter (1955) and Chabrier (2003) IMFs for clusters aged 1, 3, and 10 Myr. We combine, for the first time, results from Starburst99 (Leitherer et al. 1999) for the main sequence and post-main sequence population (including nebular emission) with pre-main sequence (PMS) evolutionary models (Siess et al. 2000) for the low mass stars as a function of age. We show that ~ 4-12 % of the integrated light observed at 2.2 microns comes from low mass PMS stars with late-type stellar absorption features at ages < 3 Myr. This light is discernable using high signal-to-noise spectra (> 100) at R=1000 placing constraints on the ratio of high to low mass stars contributing to the integrated light of the cluster.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letters
Why FHilb is Not an Interesting (Co)Differential Category
Creators: name: Lemay, Jean-Simon Pacaud
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: F.4.1

description: Differential categories provide an axiomatization of the basics of differentiation and categorical models of differential linear logic. As differentiation is an important tool throughout quantum mechanics and quantum information, it makes sense to study applications of the theory of differential categories to categorical quantum foundations. In categorical quantum foundations, compact closed categories (and therefore traced symmetric monoidal categories) are one of the main objects of study, in particular the category of finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces FHilb. In this paper, we will explain why the only differential category structure on FHilb is the trivial one. This follows from a sort of in-compatibility between the trace of FHilb and possible differential category structure. That said, there are interesting non-trivial examples of traced/compact closed differential categories, which we also discuss. The goal of this paper is to introduce differential categories to the broader categorical quantum foundation community and hopefully open the door to further work in combining these two fields. While the main result of this paper may seem somewhat "negative" in achieving this goal, we discuss interesting potential applications of differential categories to categorical quantum foundations.
description: In Proceedings QPL 2019, arXiv:2004.14750
IMPACTS OF ALTERNATIVE FARM POLICIES ON RURAL COMMUNITIES
Creators: name: Bowker, James Michael
name: Richardson, James W.
name: Bowker, James Michael
name: Richardson, James W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: The purpose of this study was to describe an LP/IO model for evaluating the economic impacts of alternative farm policies on rural communities and demonstrate its capabilities by analyzing the impacts of three farm policies on a rural community in Texas. Results indicate that in the noncrop sector, two groups of industries are most affected by farm policy. The first group relates to production directly (agricultural services, banking and credit, and nondurable manufacturing) and the second group relates to households (retail trade and services). Farm policies which reduce production but increase net returns cause losses for the first group while benefitting the second group. Both groups are made worse off by farm policies which reduce agricultural production and the value of output.
A FURTHER LOOK AT THE EFFECT OF FEDERAL TAX LAWS ON OPTIMAL MACHINERY REPLACEMENT
Creators: name: Van Tassell, Larry W.
name: Nixon, Clair J.
name: Van Tassell, Larry W.
name: Nixon, Clair J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: Self-employment taxes, "effective" marginal tax rates, and discounting schemes which allow for alternative purchase and disposal dates of machinery are incorporated into the traditional optimal replacement interval model. Empirical results indicate that these alterations decrease the optimal replacement intervals by up to three years from those obtained with traditional modeling assumptions. Inclusion of self-employment taxes decreases both the penalty attached to early replacement and the net present value (cost) of tractor ownership.
Multi-monopoles and Magnetic Bags
Creators: name: Bolognesi, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By analogy with the multi-vortices, we show that also multi-monopoles become magnetic bags in the large n limit. This simplification allows us to compute the spectrum and the profile functions by requiring the minimization of the energy of the bag. We consider in detail the case of the magnetic bag in the limit of vanishing potential and we find that it saturates the Bogomol'nyi bound and there is an infinite set of different shapes of allowed bags. This is consistent with the existence of a moduli space of solutions for the BPS multi-monopoles. We discuss the string theory interpretation of our result and also the relation between the 't Hooft large n limit of certain supersymmetric gauge theories and the large n limit of multi-monopoles. We then consider multi-monopoles in the cosmological contest and provide a mechanism that could lead to their production.
description: 43 pages, 21 figures. v2: I have added an important Section where I study the exact known solution of the axial symmetric multi-monopole. The results are in agreement with the magnetic bag conjecture. I have also corrected typos and improoved the presentation. v3: Added discussions about: large n limit of multi-monopoles, Jarvis ration map, 't Hooft large n limit and periodic multi-monopoles
Modern Approaches to Cosmological Singularities
Creators: name: Cotsakis, Spiros
name: Klaoudatou, Ifigeneia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review recent work and present new examples about the character of singularities in globally and regularly hyperbolic, isotropic universes. These include recent singular relativistic models, tachyonic and phantom universes as well as inflationary cosmologies.
description: 10 pages, In: Proceedings of the 11th Greek Relativity Meeting