Shadows in the Dark: Low-Surface-Brightness Galaxies Discovered in the Dark Energy Survey
Creators: name: Tanoglidis, D.
name: Drlica-Wagner, A.
name: Wei, K.
name: Li, T. S.
name: Sánchez, F. J.
name: Zhang, Y.
name: Peter, A. H. G.
name: Feldmeier-Krause, A.
name: Prat, J.
name: Casey, K.
name: Palmese, A.
name: Sánchez, C.
name: DeRose, J.
name: Conselice, C.
name: Gagnon, L.
name: Abbott, T. M. C.
name: Aguena, M.
name: Allam, S.
name: Avila, S.
name: Bechtol, K.
name: Bertin, E.
name: Bhargava, S.
name: Brooks, D.
name: Burke, D. L.
name: Rosell, A. Carnero
name: Kind, M. Carrasco
name: Carretero, J.
name: Chang, C.
name: Costanzi, M.
name: da Costa, L. N.
name: De Vicente, J.
name: Desai, S.
name: Diehl, H. T.
name: Doel, P.
name: Eifler, T. F.
name: Everett, S.
name: Evrard, A. E.
name: Flaugher, B.
name: Frieman, J.
name: García-Bellido, J.
name: Gerdes, D. W.
name: Gruendl, R. A.
name: Gschwend, J.
name: Gutierrez, G.
name: Hartley, W. G.
name: Hollowood, D. L.
name: Huterer, D.
name: James, D. J.
name: Krause, E.
name: Kuehn, K.
name: Kuropatkin, N.
name: Maia, M. A. G.
name: March, M.
name: Marshall, J. L.
name: Menanteau, F.
name: Miquel, R.
name: Ogando, R. L. C.
name: Paz-Chinchón, F.
name: Romer, A. K.
name: Roodman, A.
name: Sanchez, E.
name: Scarpine, V.
name: Serrano, S.
name: Sevilla-Noarbe, I.
name: Smith, M.
name: Suchyta, E.
name: Tarle, G.
name: Thomas, D.
name: Tucker, D. L.
name: Walker, A. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a catalog of 23,790 extended low-surface-brightness galaxies (LSBGs) identified in $\sim 5000 °^2$ from the first three years of imaging data from the Dark Energy Survey (DES). Based on a single-component Sérsic model fit, we define extended LSBGs as galaxies with $g$-band effective radii $R_{eff}(g) &gt; 2.5''$ and mean surface brightness $\barμ_{eff}(g) &gt; 24.2 \,mag ȧrcsec^{-2}$. We find that the distribution of LSBGs is strongly bimodal in $(g-r)$ vs.\ $(g-i$) color space. We divide our sample into red ($g-i \geq 0.60$) and blue ($g-i&lt;0.60$) galaxies and study the properties of the two populations. Redder LSBGs are more clustered than their blue counterparts and are correlated with the distribution of nearby ($z &lt; 0.10$) bright galaxies. Red LSBGs constitute $\sim 33\%$ of our LSBG sample, and $\sim 30\%$ of these are located within 1 deg of low-redshift galaxy groups and clusters (compared to $\sim 8\%$ of the blue LSBGs). For nine of the most prominent galaxy groups and clusters, we calculate the physical properties of associated LSBGs assuming a redshift derived from the host system. In these systems, we identify 41 objects that can be classified as ultra-diffuse galaxies, defined as LSBGs with projected physical effective radii $R_{eff} &gt; 1.5 \,kpc$ and central surface brighthness $μ_0(g) &gt; 24.0\, mag \,arcsec^{-2}$. The wide-area sample of LSBGs in DES can be used to test the role of environment on models of LSBG formation and evolution.
description: 31 pages, 19 figures. Version accepted for publication in ApJS. Data products related to this work can be found in: https://des.ncsa.illinois.edu/releases/other/y3-lsbg