cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Lorentz Violation of Quantum Gravity
Creators: name: Moffat, J. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A quantum gravity theory which becomes renormalizable at short distances due to a spontaneous symmetry breaking of Lorentz invariance and diffeomorphism invariance is studied. A breaking of Lorentz invariance with the breaking patterns $SO(3,1)\to O(3)$ and $SO(3,1)\to O(2)$, describing 3+1 and 2+1 quantum gravity, respectively, is proposed. A complex time dependent Schrödinger equation (generalized Wheeler-DeWitt equation) for the wave function of the universe exists in the spontaneously broken symmetry phase at Planck energy and in the early universe, uniting quantum mechanics and general relativity. An explanation of the second law of thermodynamics and the spontaneous creation of matter in the early universe can be obtained in the symmetry broken phase of gravity.
description: 10 pages, minor change and reference added. Typos corrected. To be published in Class. Quant. Grav.
Role of topological defects in the phase transition of modified XY model : A Monte Carlo study
Creators: name: Sinha, Suman
name: Roy, Soumen Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Monte Carlo simulation has been performed on a classical two dimensional XY- model with a modified form of interaction potential to investigate the role of topological defects on the phase transition exhibited by the model. In simulations in a restricted ensemble without defects, the system appears to remain ordered at all temperatures. Suppression of topological defects on the square plaquettes in the modified XY- model leads to complete elimination of the phase transition observed in this model.
description: 19 pages, 12 figures, Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. E
title: Association of the Major Histocompatibility Complex with Autism
Creators: name: Daniels, Wayne W.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1996

description: The pathogenesis of autism has proven difficult to characterize. However, in many recent studies, it is suggested that the onset of this disorder is the result of multiple etiological factors, which include genetic, immunologic, and viral elements.
Possible immunological influences found in subpopulations of patients with autism include decreased lymphocyte responsiveness, reduced natural killer cell activity, abnormal response to rubella vaccine, abnormal immune response to brain tissue, and decreased plasma levels of the fourth component of complement(C4). These aberrations and others imply a possible autoimmune mechanism in some cases for the development of autism.
C4 deficiencies have been found in subjects with established autoimmune disorders, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and chronic active hepatitis, in recent investigations. There is also evidence that the major histocompatibility genes play an intimate role in autoimmune processes. Therefore, in knowing that the C4 genes are closely linked to the major histocompatibility genes, this study determined and analyzed the human leukocyte antigen profile of autistic patients, their siblings, and parents.
In this study, it was found that the C4B complement null allele occurred in autistic patients at nearly twice the frequency compared to normals. However, the C4A complement null allele frequency was not found to be significantly altered. Several extended haplotypes were represented within the patients studied. However, the extended haplotype B44- SC30-DR4 was the only one found at a significantly increased frequency. Further investigations are needed to better understand the significance of these findings.
Coordinated multi-wavelength observations of Sgr A*
Creators: name: Eckart, A.
name: Schoedel, R.
name: Baganoff, F. K.
name: Morris, M.
name: Bertram, T.
name: Dovciak, M.
name: Downes, D.
name: Duschl, W. J.
name: Karas, V.
name: Koenig, S.
name: Krichbaum, T.
name: Krips, M.
name: Kunneriath, D.
name: Lu, R-S.
name: Markoff, S.
name: Mauerhan, J.
name: Meyer, L.
name: Moultaka, J.
name: Muzic, K.
name: Najarro, F.
name: Schuster, K.
name: Sjouwerman, L.
name: Straubmeier, C.
name: Thum, C.
name: Vogel, S.
name: Wiesemeyer, H.
name: Witzel, G.
name: Zamaninasab, M.
name: Zensus, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on recent near-infrared (NIR) and X-ray observations of Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), the electromagnetic manifestation of the ~4x10^6 solar masses super-massive black hole (SMBH) at the Galactic Center. The goal of these coordinated multi-wavelength observations is to investigate the variable emission from Sgr A* in order to obtain a better understanding of the underlying physical processes in the accretion flow/outflow. The observations have been carried out using the NACO adaptive optics (AO) instrument at the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope (July 2005, May 2007) and the ACIS-I instrument aboard the Chandra X-ray Observatory (July 2005). We report on a polarized NIR flare synchronous to a 8x1033 erg/s X-ray flare in July 2005, and a further flare in May 2007 that shows the highest sub-flare to flare contrast observed until now. The observations can be interpreted in the framework of a model involving a temporary disk with a short jet. In the disk component flux density variations can be explained due to hot spots on relativistic orbits around the central SMBH. The variations of the sub-structures of the May 2007 flare are interpreted as a variation of the hot spot structure due to differential rotation within the disk.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures, contribution for the conference "The Universe under the Microscope" (AHAR 2008), to be published in Journal of Physics: Conference Series by Institute of Physics Publishing
Untitled Itemidentify HVDC system faults using Fast Fourier Transforms (FFT)
Creators: name: Roy, Ujjal
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 100604 Memory Structures
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The main focus of this paper is to identify HVDC system faults using Fast Fourier Transforms (FFT). The transient recorded in the sending end rectifier is used to detect the type of faults. The paper attempts to classify rectifier side faults and inverter sides faults based on the magnitude of the current third order harmonic information. An accurate HVDC transmission system model which includes
ROLE OF COMPANY SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN THE CORPORATE SECTOR
Creators: name: Aashi Arora
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become a cornerstone of modern business, extending the role of corporations beyond profit generation to include societal and environmental contributions. This research-based learning project, conducted by Aashi Arora and Ragini Rawat as part of their B.Com (Hons.) degree at Sharda University under the supervision of Mr. Arun Kumar, explores how CSR shapes the corporate sector. The study investigates its impact on key areas such as company reputation, customer loyalty, employee satisfaction, and financial performance, aiming to determine how CSR serves as both an ethical obligation and a strategic asset. By examining these dimensions, the research highlights the growing importance of CSR in meeting stakeholder expectations and fostering sustainable business practices in today’s competitive landscape.
Languages recognized by nondeterministic quantum finite automata
Creators: name: Yakaryilmaz, Abuzer
name: Say, A. C. Cem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The nondeterministic quantum finite automaton (NQFA) is the only known case where a one-way quantum finite automaton (QFA) model has been shown to be strictly superior in terms of language recognition power to its probabilistic counterpart. We give a characterization of the class of languages recognized by NQFA's, demonstrating that it is equal to the class of exclusive stochastic languages. We also characterize the class of languages that are recognized necessarily by two-sided error by QFA's. It is shown that these classes remain the same when the QFA's used in their definitions are replaced by several different model variants that have appeared in the literature. We prove several closure properties of the related classes. The ramifications of these results about classical and quantum sublogarithmic space complexity classes are examined.
description: A new version with major revisions, 24 pages, latex
Detection of urea in milk using silver nanoparticles developed by green synthesis method and predicting its amount using neural networks.
Creators: name: Dutta, Sadhan Jyoti
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: neural networks
urea
milk

description: Objective- To develop nanosensors using silver nanoparticles to detect urea in milk and predict its amount using neural networks. Methodology- Synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNps) and the development of silver nanoparticles (AgNps) have been done using the green synthesis method. Tea extract(Camelia sinensis) has been used as the reducing agent (bioreductor) due to its presence of antioxidant property(Catechin compounds). Accordingly, AgNps and also citrate-capped AgNps were prepared. These two types of silver nanoparticles were then characterized with the help of UV-Vis Spectroscopy and added to stock samples containing whey protein from milk with and without urea as a contaminant. The results of both citrate-capped AgNps and AgNps were compared and out of these the one that displays better results was chosen to develop the neural network model. Results and Conclusion- The result of this study determined that citrate-capped AgNps are better than AgNps for the detection of urea in milk. For the observation of the optical changes were as such -the peak of absorbance of citrate–capped AgNps shifted from 430nm to 400nm for 1mM of urea in the sample and from 430nm to 350nm for both 2mM and 3mM of urea in the sample. Based on these values the neural network model is developed that is able to predict the amount of urea present in the sample with 89.4% accuracy. Thus, this method shows a new approach for the detection of urea in milk. It can be concluded that AgNps and Citrate-capped AgNps can be used as colorimetric sensors with simple, rapid, and low cost.
description: {"references": ["Bakthavatchalam,S., Jayavel,R.,and Kalpana,R., 2016, Silver nanoparticles for melamine detection in milk based on transmitted light intensity, IET Science, Measurement & Technology, DOI: 10.1049/iet-smt.2016.0215.", "Bulbul,G., Hayat,A., and Andreescu,S., 2015, Portable Nanoparticle-based sensors for food safety assessment, MDPI, 15,30736-30758, DOI:10.3390-s151229826.", "HabibAsseiss Neto, Wanessa L.F. Tavares, Daniela C.S.Z. Ribeiro, Ronnie C.O. Alves, Leorges M. Fonseca, S\u00e9rgio V.A. Campos. \"On the utilization of deep and ensemble learning to detect milk adulteration\", BioData Mining, 2019", "Youyang Gu, Food Adulteration Detection Using Neural Networks, DSpace@MIT,MIT Libraries, http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/106015."]}
Multi-condensate states in BCS superconductors
Creators: name: Bettelheim, Eldad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A BCS (Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer) superconductor, which is placed out of equilibrium, can develop quantum instabilities, which manifest themselves in oscillations of the superconductor's order parameter (pairing amplitude $Δ$). These instabilities are a manifestations of the Cooper instability. Inelastic collisions are essential in resolving those instabilities. Incorporating the quantum instabilities and collisions in a unified approach based on Richardson's exact solution of the pairing Hamiltonian, we find that a BCS superconductor may end up in a state in which the spectrum has more than one gap.
description: Text expanded, figures added, Journal Ref and DOI added
title: Metabolism of Selected Antiviral Agents in Cells Infected with Drug-Resistant and Wild-Type Strains of Murine Cytomegalovirus
Creators: name: Okleberry, Kevin M.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1995

description: Resistance of human viral pathogens to various antiviral drugs is a serious medical problem. Two modes of drug resistance in cytomegalovirus infections have been observed, the first being altered (decreased) drug metabolism by the infected cells, and the second reduced sensitivity of the viral deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase enzyme to the active form of the drug. Mice infected with the murine cytomegalovirus have been used extensively as an animal model for the human cytomegalovirus, and drug-resistant strains in this model have been identified. To better understand the mode of drug resistance of the virus, the metabolism of two antiviral drugs, 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine (ganciclovir) and (S)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)cytosine (cidofovir), was studied in cells infected with the virus.
The degree of resistance of the mutant virus strain to these two drugs and also to the drug phosphonoformic acid (foscarnet) was measured in viral plaque reduction assays. The resistant strain was 14-,4-, and 11-fold less sensitive to the drugs ganciclovir, foscarnet, and cidofovir, respectively, than a sensitive (wildtype) strain
Metabolism of the antiviral drugs ganciclovir and cidofovir was studied in C127I mouse mammary tumor cells infected with the mutant strain. Uninfected C127I cells and C127I cells infected with the sensitive strain of murine cytomegalovirus were used as controls. The cells were treated with tritium-labeled ganciclovir or cidofovir and studied under a variety of parameters. Among these were duration of treatment, multiplicity of infection, and concentration of compound. After incubating, the cells were acid extracted and analyzed with high-pressure liquid chromatography. The radioactivity of each sample was measured on a scintillation counter and converted into picomoles of drug per million cells.
No significant difference was observed between the virus strains in terms of metabolism or catabolism of the two drugs. This effect remained constant, even when controlling for parameters such as the amount of virus infecting each cell, duration of treatment, or concentration of drug. Based on these results, it appears that the mode of resistance in this mutant strain of virus to ganciclovir and cidofovir is not due to an alteration in metabolism of these two compounds by infected cells. Thus, it is proposed that drug resistance in this mutant strain of virus is due to altered viral deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase function.
title: Phylogenetic Studies of the United States Bluetongue Viruses and Characterization of the Viral VP4 Protein
Creators: name: Huang, I-Jen
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1996

description: Bluetongue virus (BTV) is transmitted by arthropod vectors and causes bluetongue disease with serious economic loss in many regions of the world. The replication mechanism of bluetongue virus is still not clear. To have a better understanding regarding the viral replication, the function of each individual protein has to be identified. This study used molecular biology techniques to investigate the function of the inner core protein VP4.
The M1 genes of United States bluetongue virus serotypes-2, -10, -11, -13, and -17 were cloned and sequenced. The length of each of the five M1 genes is 1981 nucleotides. The coding region of the M1 gene, which encodes the VP4 protein, possesses an open reading frame with an initiation codon (ATG) at nucleotides #9-11 and a stop codon (TAA) at nucleotides #1941-1943. This open reading frame encodes a protein of 644 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular weight of about 75 kDa. A potential leucine zipper motif was detected near the carboxyl terminus of the deduced VP4 amino acid sequence. The phylogenetic analysis of bluetongue viruses using the sequences of these five cognate M1 genes is consistent with the results of previous phylogenetic studies. Serotypes-10, -11, -13, and -17 are closely related and serotype-2 is the most distantly related among the five US BTV serotypes.
Heterologously expressed bluetongue virus VP4 protein was purified to near homogeneity. Six linear epitopes of VP4 were mapped at both termini and in the middle of the protein. By using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and peptide competition assay, six linear epitopes were found to be surface accessible. The VP4 protein was shown to be an oligomer by chemical cross-linking. VP4 protein was identified as a ssRNA-binding protein. The VP4 protein has binding activity towards both capped and non-capped ssRNA. RNA-binding activity was not specific to BTV ssRNA. A leucine-zipper motif of VP4 is not required for RNA-binding activity. One RNA-binding domain was mapped between amino acid residues #112-158 by a Northwestern assay and by deletion mutant analysis. Using sequence-specific synthetic peptides corresponding to VP4 in the arginine-and lysine-rich regions, four potential ssRNA-binding domains of VP4 protein were mapped.
Heavy-quark azimuthal momentum correlations as a sensitive probe of thermalization
Creators: name: Tsiledakis, G.
name: Appelshaeuser, H.
name: Schweda, K.
name: Stachel, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In high-energy nuclear collisions the degree of thermalization at the partonic level is a key issue. Due to their large mass, heavy quarks and their possible participation in the collective flow of the QCD-medium constitute a powerful probe for thermalization. We present studies with PYTHIA for p+p collisions at the top LHC energy of $\sqrt{s}$ = 14 TeV applying the two-particle transverse momentum correlator $$ to pairs of heavy-quark hadrons and their semi-leptonic decay products as a function of their relative azimuth. Modifications or even the complete absence of initially existing correlations in Pb+Pb collisions might indicate thermalization at the partonic level.
description: 7 pages, 5 figs.; accepted for publication in Nucl. Phys. A
title: Functional Study of the Structural VP6 Protein of Bluetongue Virus
Creators: name: Hayama, Emiko
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1995

description: This study was undertaken to investigate the structure-function relationship of VP6 protein of bluetongue virus (BTV) using molecular cloning techniques. VP6 is present in small quantities in BTV and its enzymatic activity and role in the viral replication cycle have not been studied. Since the availability of large amounts of purified VP6 is essential for the analysis of VP6, a BTV -11 S3 gene was cloned into a prokaryotic protein expression system. VP6 protein was expressed in large amounts and purified to near homogeneity. A series of C-terminal and internal deletion mutants of S3 gene was constructed and the truncated VP6 proteins were expressed and purified. The nucleic acid binding activities of the VP6 protein towards dsRNA, dsDNA, and ssRNA were confirmed and a new ssDNA binding activity was also determined. The binding activities of VP6 were concentration-dependent. The sites responsible for the binding activities were mapped using the truncated proteins and synthetic sequence-specific oligopeptides. Two domains of VP6 were responsible for the nucleic acid binding activities and have been mapped within 28 amino acids near the middle and 11 residues near the carboxyl terminus of VP6. The binding affinities of the middle domain of VP6 towards single-stranded and double-stranded nucleic acid were slightly different. Three synthetic oligopeptides corresponding to these domains exhibited concentration-dependent nucleic acid binding activities. Based on these results I suggest that synthetic oligopeptides might be useful to screen nucleic acid binding activities and domains responsible for these activities.
Expressed VP6 was used to produce polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. Oligoclonal antibodies were raised by synthetic oligopeptides. Ten epitopes of VP6 were mapped and characterized. The amino acid sequences and sizes of six linear epitopes identified by oligoclonal antibodies were determined, and their locations were mapped and confirmed by deletion mutant analyses. These linear epitopes were surface-accessible except one. Based on these results I suggest that synthetic sequence-specific oligopeptides could mimic major components of antigenic determinants. Four epitopes recognized by four monoclonal antibodies were mapped and characterized. Three determinants were surface-accessible and three were conformational epitopes. These four determinants were distinct and different from the six linear epitopes determined using oligoclonal antibodies.
Experimental study of the decay $K_L^0\toπ^0ν\barν$
Creators: name: The E391a Collaboration
name: Ahn, J. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first dedicated search for the rare neutral-kaon decay $K_L^0\toπ^0ν\barν$ has been carried out in the E391a experiment at the KEK 12-GeV proton synchrotron. The final upper limit of 2.6 $\times 10^{-8}$ at the 90% confidence level was set on the branching ratio for the decay.
description: 23 pages, 27 figures, accepted for publication as a regular article in Physical Review D
Finite size effects in stimulated laser pair production
Creators: name: Heinzl, Thomas
name: Ilderton, Anton
name: Marklund, Mattias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider stimulated pair production employing strong-field QED in a high-intensity laser background. In an infinite plane wave, we show that light-cone quasi-momentum can only be transferred to the created pair as a multiple of the laser frequency, i.e.\ by a higher harmonic. This translates into discrete resonance conditions providing the support of the pair creation probability which becomes a delta-comb. These findings corroborate the usual interpretation of multi-photon production of pairs with an effective mass. In a pulse, the momentum transfer is continuous, leading to broadening of the resonances and sub-threshold behaviour. The peaks remain visible as long as the number of cycles per pulse exceeds unity. The resonance patterns in pulses are analogous to those of a diffraction process based on interference of the produced pairs.
description: 7 pages, 7 EPS figures. Version 2 contains additional examples using smooth pulse envelopes. Conclusions unchanged
Communication Through a Quantum Link
Creators: name: Giovannetti, Vittorio
name: Burgarth, Daniel
name: Mancini, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A chain of interacting spin behaves like a quantum mediator (quantum link) which allows two distant parties that control the ends of the chain to exchange quantum messages. We show that over repeated uses without resetting the study of a quantum link can be connected to correlated quantum channels with finite dimensional environment (finite memory quantum channel). Then, using coding arguments for such kind of channels and results on mixing channels we present a protocol that allows us to achieve perfect information transmission through a quantum link.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure
title: Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Plant Populations in Salt-Desert Shrub Vegetation Grazed by Sheep
Creators: name: Alzérreca-Angelo, Humberto
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1996

description: I studied the effect of moderate sheep grazing on a shadscale plant community at the Desert Experimental Range, southwestern Utah, USA, using a 61-yr data set with two grazing treatments (yes vs. no), two seasons (spring vs. winter), and two soil types (loamy-skeletal vs. coarse-loamy). I studied precipitation, total species cover, annuals, shrub survival, seedling recruitment, plant succession, and plant spatial relationships./p>
Precipitation showed high variability (CV=31%) masking on short-term cycles, resulting in study intervals with average (1935-58), dry (1958-69), driest (1969-75), and wet (1980-94[5]) regimes. Total cover in both grazed and ungrazed pastures increased between 1935 and 1975 before decreasing to 1994. Treatments diverged with time, however, so cover was higher in ungrazed pastures in 1975 and 1994. Individually, Atriplex confertifolia decreased from 1958-94 and Ceratoides lanata from 1975-94. Artemisia spinescens increased in ungrazed pastures from 1935-94, while remaining very low in grazed pastures. Grasses increased from 1935-94 with little grazing effects. Annuals increased from absence in 1935 to 63% frequency in 1994; precipitation may be related to this increase. Grazing and soil type had few long-term or short effects on shrub survival. Similarly, only C. lanata showed a microhabitat effect, with greater seedling survival in vegetated than open patches. Seedling recruitment was positively correlated with precipitation. Only A. confertifolia recruitment responded to grazing; it was higher in grazed pastures. A fuzzy graph analysis showed a moderate grazing effect on succession. Clumped distributions were common and were unaffected by grazing but increased in wet years. Plant establishment occurred disproportionally in sites occupied or formerly occupied by plants, suggesting facilitation. Negative interference, however, was suggested by new recruitment occurring further from larger existing individuals. Moderate grazing had little effect on spatial relationships.
In conclusion, the multivariate approach yielded broader conclusions than any individual factors. Although some factors showed more grazing effects than others, grazing could not completely explain observed changes; climate and inherent plant attributes must also be considered. Management at moderate grazing levels may only play a limited role in shadscale communities.
High resolution electron impact studies
Creators: name: Thomas, Gary E.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: A wide variety of inelastic scattering and electron attachment phenomena have been studied by directing an electron beam into a gas filled chamber and by observing the results of the interaction. The use of a "monoenergetic" electron beam has permitted the relative cross sections for such processes to be examined in some detail. Three instruments were used to make the measurements, and these instruments were designed and constructed during the course of the work to be described. All three employed a 127° electrostatic electron velocity selector to filter the electron beam. An electron energy analyzer permitted the observation of inelastically scattered electrons, and a monopole or a quadrupole mass filter permitted the measurement of the relative amounts of positive or negative ionization generated by the electron beam in its interaction with the gas. The measurement of the energy dependence of the cross sections was the prime objective of the work, and much care was taken in the design of the instruments to ensure that the cross section curves were not distorted by spurious effects. The forward inelastic scattering spectra of helium and ethylene were recorded using an electron beam having an incident energy of 50 eV . The ionization efficiency curves of singly and doubly charged helium were obtained, and the results are compared with several theoretically derived expressions for electron impact threshold laws. The positive ionization efficiency curves for nitrogen and oxygen were also obtained. An examination of the dissociative capture, non-dissociative capture and ion pair processes has been made by determining the energy dependence of the cross sections for the production of the parent and/or fragment negative ions from nine molecules. Finally, the generation of zero energy electrons from inelastic scattering events has been studied by using sulfur hexafluoride as an electron scavenger in a mixture with the sample gas. The threshold electron impact spectra were obtained for six atomic and molecular species. In all cases, such measurements were carried out below and above the ionization potential of the sample.
Moduli of Coassociative Submanifolds and Semi-Flat Coassociative Fibrations
Creators: name: Baraglia, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C26, 53C38

description: We study the natural structure on the moduli space of deformations of compact coassociative submanifolds. We show that a G2-manifold with a T^4-action of isomorphisms such that the orbits are coassociative tori is locally equivalent to a minimal 3-manifold in R^{3,3} = H^2(T^4,R) with positive induced metric. By studying minimal surfaces in quadrics we show how to construct minimal 3-manifold cones in R^{3,3} and hence G2-metrics from equations similar to a set of affine Toda equations. The relation to semi-flat special Lagrangian fibrations and the Monge-Ampère equation are explained.
description: 25 pages, added section on global aspects
title: The Effects of Temperature Regime and Food Availability on Growth Rates of Young-of-the-year Colorado Squawfish (Ptychocheilus Lucius) in the Green River, Utah
Creators: name: Schaugaard, Craig J.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1997

description: The effects of different daily temperature regimes and food availability on growth rates of Colorado squawfish (Ptychocheilus lucius) were determined using field and laboratory experiments. Daily temperature and food gradients were observed in river backwaters (important nursery habitat for juvenile Colorado squawfish). High fluctuating temperatures (+- 5-8 C) were observed daily in the shallow, terminal ends of backwaters. Where backwaters were in contact with the river (mouth), daily temperature fluctuations decreased (+- 2 C). Food availability also varied spatially between the mouth and end of each backwater. To test whether Colorado squawfish growth rates varied in different areas of backwaters along these gradients, a series of cage experiments was performed. Cages were placed in each backwater at the end (high temperature fluctuation), middle (moderate temperature fluctuation), and mouth (low temperature fluctuation). Colorado squawfish growth rates were significantly higher near the mouth of the backwater where temperatures were more constant.
In laboratory aquaria, Colorado squawfish growth rates were observed at three different temperature regimes, similar to those found in backwaters (+-0, +-3, and +-7 C). As with field experiments, growth rates were high in the low fluctuating temperature treatment; however, they were not significantly different from the highly fluctuating temperature treatment. Behavioral observations of Colorado squawfish movement performed using a large (5 m x 1 m x 0.5 m) Plexiglas tank with a temperature regime similar to that found in backwaters suggested that Colorado squawfish spent the majority of their time in the deeper part of the tank where the least amount of temperature fluctuation occurred.
Storyboard "The Real Winner"
Creators: name: Hohaus, Vera
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: linguistic fieldwork
cross-linguistic variation
comparison constructions

description: The real winner is a storyboard to be used in targeted production tasks in linguistic fieldwork, see Burton & Matthewson (2015) for details concerning the methodology. The dataset consists of a zipped folder with the individual image panels as well as a plain-text file with the script. [Strang Burton & Lisa Matthewson (2015), "Targeted Construction Storyboards in Semantic Fieldwork," in M. Ryan Bochnak & Lisa Matthewson (eds.), Methodologies in Semantic Fieldwork (Oxford: Oxford University Press), pp. 135-156.]
 "The Real Winner"
 DESCRIPTION: After a number of fierce play competitions, three siblings learn about the real winner.
 TAGS: comparison, superlatives, adjectives
 CREATED BY: Vera Hohaus
 ILLUSTRATED BY: Zahra Kolagar
 ADOPTED FROM: Elizabeth Coppock, Elizabeth Bogal-Allbritten & Golsa Hosseini (2018), "What Matters"
title: Quality of Experience Aware Spectrum Efficiency and Energy Efficiency Over Wireless Heterogeneous Networks
Creators: name: Xu, Yiran
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2016

description: Propelled by the explosive increases in mobile data traffic volume, existing wireless technologies are stretched to their capacity limits. There is a tremendous need for an expansion in system capacity and an improvement on energy efficiency. In addition, wireless network will support more and more multimedia services and applications, in which user experience has been always an important factor in evaluating the overall network performance. In order to keep pace with this explosion of data traffic and to meet the emerging quality of experience needs, wireless heterogeneous networks have been introduced as a promising network architecture evolution of the traditional cellular network.
In this dissertation, we explore video quality-aware spectrum efficiency and energy efficiency in wireless heterogeneous networks|the potentials and the associated technical challenges. In particular, aiming to significantly enhance spectrum efficiency, we need to tackle the interference issue, which is exacerbated in heterogeneous network due to ultra dense node deployment as well as heterogeneity nature of various nodes. Specifically, werst study an optimal intra-cell inter-tier cooperation to mitigate interference between high power nodes and low power nodes. Together with cooperation, optimal mobile association and resource allocation schemes are also intensively investigated in heterogeneous network to achieve system load balancing so that bandwidth at high power and low power nodes can be utilized in the optimal way. The proposed scheme can greatly alleviate inter-tier interference and significantly increase overall system spectrum efficiency in a heterogeneous network. We then further apply advanced algorithms such as precoding, and non-orthogonal multiple access into intra-cell inter-tier cooperation so that the overall system spectrum efficiency and user experience are even more improved. When supporting a video type application in such a heterogeneous network, considering only spectrum efficiency is far from enough as video application is bandwidth consuming, battery consuming, and quality demanding. We develop a video quality-aware spectrum and energy efficiency resource allocation scheme in a wireless heterogeneous network and propose novel performance metrics to establish fundamental relationships among spectrum efficiency, energy efficiency, and quality of experience. Extensive simulations are conducted to evaluate the trade-o performance among three performance metrics.
Entangling the free motion of a particle pair: an experimental scenario
Creators: name: Gneiting, Clemens
name: Hornberger, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The concept of dissociation-time entanglement provides a means of manifesting non-classical correlations in the motional state of two counter-propagating atoms. In this article, we discuss in detail the requirements for a specific experimental implementation, which is based on the Feshbach dissociation of a molecular Bose-Einstein condensate of fermionic lithium. A sequence of two magnetic field pulses serves to delocalize both of the dissociation products into a superposition of consecutive wave packets, which are separated by a macroscopic distance. This allows to address them separately in a switched Mach-Zehnder configuration, permitting to conduct a Bell experiment with simple position measurements. We analyze the expected form of the two-particle wave function in a concrete experimental setup that uses lasers as atom guides. Assuming viable experimental parameters the setup is shown to be capable of violating a Bell inequality.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures; corresponds to published version
title: An Optical System to Transform the Output Beam of a Quantum Cascade Laser to be Uniform
Creators: name: Jacobson, Jordan M.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2016

description: Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are a candidate for calibration sources in space-based remote sensing applications. However, the output beam from a QCL has some characteristics that are undesirable in a calibration source. The output beam from a QCL is polarized both temporally and spatially coherent, and has a non-uniform bivariate Gaussian profile. These characteristics need to be mitigated before QCLs can be used as calibration sources. This study presents the design and implementation of an optical system that manipulates the output beam from a QCL so that it is spatially and angularly uniform with reduced coherence and polarization.
title: The Effect of Immediacy and Salience Questionnaire Response Rates
Creators: name: Matsumoto, Audrey
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1996

description: In this study, a theory that identified salience and immediacy as two constructs that significantly determine questionnaire response rates was tested. This theory emphasized the importance of identifying and rating factors that impact the immediacy and salience of a questionnaire to a specific population. It was proposed that factors that make a questionnaire highly immediate and salient to a given population should be identified first, and then implemented into the construction and administration of the questionnaire. In this way, researchers can manipulate the variables, which will maximize the response rate for their specific population before distribution. A questionnaire that is highly immediate and salient to a given population was estimated to achieve a response rate of 80% or higher.
The immediacy and salience of several manipulable variables of a questionnaire were rated by a sample characteristically similar to the target population. Three treatments of the questionnaire were sent to three randomly assigned groups of the population. These treatments varied from low, moderate, to high immediacy and salience based on the ratings.
An analysis of the ratings revealed a very strong direct relationship between salience and immediacy. Variables of the questionnaire were rated very similarly between the two constructs. Contrary to Christensen's theory, different levels of immediacy and salience were not found to interact. However, a direct relationship was found between immediacy and salience levels, and final response rates, which was consistent with the theory. The order of response rate percentages for each treatment group reflected the degree of immediacy and salience as measured by the raters.
Below the Breitenlohner-Freedman bound in the nonrelativistic AdS/CFT correspondence
Creators: name: Moroz, Sergej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose that there is no analogue of the Breitenlohner-Freedman stability bound on the mass of a scalar field in the context of the nonrelativistic AdS/CFT correspondence. Our treatment is based on an equivalence between the field equation of a complex scalar in the AdS/CFT correspondence and the one-dimensional Schroedinger equation with an inverse square potential. We compute the two-point boundary correlation function for m^2
description: 21 pages, 2 figures; v2 minor improvements, reference added, published version
Evolution of enhanced innate immune evasion by SARS-CoV-2.
Creators: name: Thorne, Lucy G
name: Bouhaddou, Mehdi
name: Reuschl, Ann-Kathrin
name: Zuliani-Alvarez, Lorena
name: Polacco, Ben
name: Pelin, Adrian
name: Batra, Jyoti
name: Whelan, Matthew
name: Hosmillo, Myra
name: Fossati, Andrea
name: Ragazzini, Roberta
name: Jungreis, Irwin
name: Ummadi, Manisha
name: Rojc, Ajda
name: Turner, Jane
name: Bischof, Marie L
name: Obernier, Kirsten
name: Braberg, Hannes
name: Soucheray, Margaret
name: Richards, Alicia
name: Chen, Kuei-Ho
name: Harjai, Bhavya
name: Memon, Danish
name: Hiatt, Joseph
name: Rosales, Romel
name: McGovern, Briana L
name: Jahun, Aminu
name: Fabius, Jacqueline M
name: White, Kris
name: Goodfellow, Ian
name: Takeuchi, Yasu
name: Bonfanti, Paola
name: Shokat, Kevan
name: Jura, Natalia
name: Verba, Klim
name: Noursadeghi, Mahdad
name: Beltrao, Pedro
name: Kellis, Manolis
name: Swaney, Danielle L
name: García-Sastre, Adolfo
name: Jolly, Clare
name: Towers, Greg J
name: Krogan, Nevan J
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Article
/631/326/596/4130
/631/553
/82/58
article

description: Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) suggests viral adaptation to enhance human-to-human transmission1,2. Although much effort has focused on characterisation of spike changes in VOCs, mutations outside spike likely contribute to adaptation. Here we used unbiased abundance proteomics, phosphoproteomics, RNAseq and viral replication assays to show that isolates of the Alpha (B.1.1.7) variant3 more effectively suppress innate immune responses in airway epithelial cells, compared to first wave isolates. We found that Alpha has dramatically increased subgenomic RNA and protein levels of N, Orf9b and Orf6, all known innate immune antagonists. Expression of Orf9b alone suppressed the innate immune response through interaction with TOM70, a mitochondrial protein required for RNA sensing adaptor MAVS activation. Moreover, the activity of Orf9b and its association with TOM70 was regulated by phosphorylation. We propose that more effective innate immune suppression, through enhanced expression of specific viral antagonist proteins, increases the likelihood of successful Alpha transmission, and may increase in vivo replication and duration of infection4. The importance of mutations outside Spike in adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 to humans is underscored by the observation that similar mutations exist in the Delta and Omicron N/Orf9b regulatory regions.
Comment on Calculation of Positron Flux from Galactic Dark Matter
Creators: name: Perelstein, Maxim
name: Shakya, Bibhushan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Energetic positrons produced in annihilation or decay of dark matter particles in the Milky Way can serve as an important indirect signature of dark matter. Computing the positron flux expected in a given dark matter model involves solving transport equations, which account for interaction of positrons with matter and galactic magnetic fields. Existing calculations solve the equations inside the diffusion zone, where galactic magnetic fields confine positrons, and assume vanishing positron density on the boundaries of this zone. However, in many models, a substantial fraction of the dark matter halo lies outside the diffusion zone. Positrons produced there can then enter the diffusion zone and get trapped, potentially reaching the Earth and increasing the expected flux. We calculate this enhancement for a variety of models. We also evaluate the expected enhancement of the flux of energetic photons produced by the inverse Compton scattering of the extra positrons on starlight and cosmic microwave background. We find maximal flux enhancements of order 20% in both cases.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures. Final version accepted for publication in Physical Review D
title: The Effect of Housing and Food Expenditures on Diet Quality of Low-Income Households in Salt Lake County
Creators: name: Low, Rebecca
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1996

description: During a time of national and local debate over welfare reform, research is needed to determine the effectiveness of specific welfare programs and the impact on the lives of households participating in these programs. The objective of this study was to determine the effect housing and food expenditures have on the diet quality of low-income families. Participants for the study were drawn from government-subsidized housing rolls and housing assistance waiting lists. Diet quality was measured by 16 variables: percent RDA protein, fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C, iron, and calcium consumed; percent calories from protein, carbohydrates, fat, and alcohol; and the number of servings from each food group: bread and cereal, fruit, vegetable, meat and protein, dairy, and fats and sweets food groups. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to analyze the relationship between the percent poverty level of the household and the percent of income spent on housing and food with each diet quality variable. No statistically significant correlations were found. Mann-Whitney U tests and t tests were used to determine if diet quality of participants who received housing assistance was different from participants who did not receive assistance. No statistical significance was found. Participant's diets who received food assistance and diets of participants who do not receive food assistance were also analyzed to determine any differences in diet quality. Again, no statistical significance was found between the two groups. The diets of the sample population were found to be fairly average in comparison to overall food consumption patterns of the United States. Consumption of fiber, fruits, vegetables, and dairy products was low. Increased consumer education programs are recommended to improve overall diet.
Non-perturbative renormalization group for the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation
Creators: name: Canet, Léonie
name: Chaté, Hugues
name: Delamotte, Bertrand
name: Wschebor, Nicolás
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a simple approximation of the non-perturbative renormalization group designed for the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation and show that it yields the correct phase diagram, including the strong-coupling phase with reasonable scaling exponent values in physical dimensions. We find indications of a possible qualitative change of behavior around $d=4$. We discuss how our approach can be systematically improved.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, references added, minor changes