cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Enhancing high harmonic generation in a short-pulse two-color laser field by controlling the atomic-electron subcycle detachment and acceleration dynamics
Creators: name: Meshkov, O. V.
name: Emelin, M. Yu.
name: Ryabikin, M. Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of the possibility to significantly enhance the efficiency of high-order harmonic generation (HHG) using few-cycle optical waveforms obtained by superposing two laser pulses of different color delayed optimally relative to each other. Special attention is paid to the dynamics of the depopulation of atomic states, which, one the one hand, promotes electrons to the continuum to take part in the high-energy photon emission, but, on the other hand, depletes the nonlinear medium. The use of the waveforms proposed here gives extra flexibility to control both the bound-state depopulation and the electron acceleration in the continuum. We demonstrate that the approach proposed here allows to increase by up to order of magnitude the efficiency of optical frequency conversion into sub-keV or few-keV photon energy ranges. High efficiency of HHG in optimal conditions is explained by the peculiarities of the photoelectron dynamics, which are in this case characterized by a combination of high-probability ejection of the electron responsible for the highest-order harmonic production and its subsequent strong acceleration accompanied by a relatively low probability of the bound-state depletion during the time interval between ionization and recollision.
Professional Development Model for Language Teachers in Junior High Schools in Anhui Province, China
Creators: name: Seybold Report Journal
Publisher: name: Seybold Report Journal
Year: 2025
Subjects: Professional Development, Professional Development Model, Junior High Schools, Language Teachers

description:  

Abstract

Junior high school language education is undergoing a reform that prioritizes the development of students’ language literacy, extending traditional language and literature instruction. Teacher professional development (PD) is crucial for ensuring the effective implementation of this approach. However, in the context of junior high school language education reform, studies regarding how language instruction promotes students' moral development, addresses the unequal distribution of educational resources between urban and rural areas, and enhances teacher quality, are limited. Against this backdrop, the purpose of the present study is to investigates the administrative context, PD level, influencing factors of PD among junior high school language teachers in Anhui Province, and proposes a PD model for language teachers. Based on data from 598 respondents, this study employs a mixed-methods approach, integrating qualitative interviews, quantitative surveys analyzed with AMOS, and focus group discussions. The findings indicated that individual teacher factors (ITF) and educational authority factors (EAF) have significant positive direct effects on teacher’s PD guide (TPGD). Furthermore, school management factors (SMF) also have a significant positive direct effect on TPGD. Additionally, SMF was found to mediate the relationships between ITF and TPGD, as well as between EAF and TPGD, indicating significant indirect effects of ITF and EAF on TPGD through SMF. This study highlights the need for greater support and opportunities to address challenges such as limited professional pursuit, ensuring quality language education. The proposed PD model offers valuable insights into effectively support language teachers PD, with implications for policy and practice.

KEYWORDS: Professional Development, Professional Development Model, Junior High Schools, Language Teachers
Leptonic decays of $B_{(s)}$ and $D_{(s)}$ using the OK action
Creators: name: Bhattacharya, Tanmoy
name: Choi, Benjamin J.
name: Gupta, Rajan
name: Jang, Yong-Chull
name: Jwa, Seungyeob
name: Lee, Sunkyu
name: Lee, Weonjong
name: Leem, Jaehoon
name: Park, Sungwoo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present recent progress in the lattice calculation of leptonic decay constants for $B_{(s)}$ and $D_{(s)}$ mesons using the Oktay-Kronfeld (OK) action for charm and bottom valence quarks, whose masses are tuned non-perturbatively. The calculations are done on 6 HISQ ensembles generated by the MILC collaboration with $N_f=2+1+1$ flavors. We also use the HISQ action for the light spectator quarks. Results are presented for the ratios $f_{B_s}/f_B$ and $f_{D_s}/f_D$, which reflect $SU(3)$ flavor symmetry breaking, and are independent of the renormalization constants of the axial currents.
description: 7 pages, 10 figures, Lattice 2019 proceeding
Semileptonic $B \to D^{(\ast)} \ellν$ Decay Form Factors using the Oktay-Kronfeld Action
Creators: name: Bhattacharya, Tanmoy
name: Choi, Benjamin J.
name: Gupta, Rajan
name: Jang, Yong-Chull
name: Jwa, Seungyeob
name: Lee, Sunkyu
name: Lee, Weonjong
name: Leem, Jaehoon
name: Park, Sungwoo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report recent progress in calculating semileptonic form factors for the $\bar{B} \to D^\ast \ell \barν$ and $\bar{B} \to D \ell \barν$ decays using the Oktay-Kronfeld (OK) action for bottom and charm quarks. We use the second order in heavy quark effective power counting $\mathcal{O}(λ^2)$ improved currents in this work. The HISQ action is used for the light spectator quarks. We analyzed four $2+1+1$-flavor MILC HISQ ensembles with $a\approx 0.09\,\mathrm{fm}$, $0.12\,\mathrm{fm}$ and $M_π\approx 220\,\mathrm{MeV}$, $310\,\mathrm{MeV}$: $a09m220$, $a09m310$, $a12m220$, $a12m310$. Preliminary results for $B\to D^\ast\ellν$ decays form factor $h_{A_1}(w)$ at zero recoil ($w=1$) are reported. Preliminary results for $B \to D\,\ellν$ decays form factors $h_\pm(w)$ over a kinematic range $1
description: 7 pages, 7 figures, Lattice 2019 proceeding
From curves to currents
Creators: name: Martínez-Granado, Dídac
name: Thurston, Dylan P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M50 (Primary) 37E30 (Secondary)

description: Many natural real-valued functions of closed curves are known to extend continuously to the larger space of geodesic currents. For instance, the extension of length with respect to a fixed hyperbolic metric was a motivating example for the development of geodesic currents. We give a simple criterion on a curve function that guarantees a continuous extension to geodesic currents. The main condition of our criterion is the smoothing property, which has played a role in the study of systoles of translation lengths for Anosov representations. It is easy to see that our criterion is satisfied for almost all the known examples of continuous functions on geodesic currents, such as non-positively curved lengths or stable lengths for surface groups, while also applying to new examples like extremal length. We use this extension to obtain a new curve counting result for extremal length.
description: 60 pages; v2: clarify counting results and role of weighted curves; v3: Incorporate erratum on definition of "essential crossing", published separately by Forum of Math, Sigma. The numbers have been adjusted to match in the two versions
Tame topology and non-integrability of dynamical systems
Creators: name: Hajto, Zbigniew
name: Mohseni, Rouzbeh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 37J30, 12H05, Secondary 70H07, 34C28

description: In this paper we study the general concept of integrability in the broad sense within the frame of differential Galois theory. We concentrate on the gradient systems which are not integrable. In spite of it, if we consider them as the real dynamical systems, they have trajectories with finiteness properties of o-minimal type.
Stactobiella
Creators: name: Zhou, Lei
name: Yang, Lian-Fang
name: Morse, John C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Trichoptera
Hydroptilidae
Stactobiella

description: Stactobiella MARTYNOV
Stactobiella MARTYNOV 1924, 37, 57; type species: Stactobia ulmeri SILTALA 1908 (monobasic) [a synonym of Microptila risi FELBER 1908, 14–16, synonymized by SPURIS 1989, 12]
The genus Stactobiella currently consists of 13 described species occurring in the East Palaearctic (4 species), the Western Palaearctic (2 species), the Nearctic (5 species), and the Oriental (2 species) Regions (MORSE 2015). XUE & YANG 1990 described Stactobiella pulmonaria from China (Hainan island), but MALICKY & CHANTARAMONGKOL (2007) transferred the species to Chrysotrichia, based on his specimens from Thailand and Laos, and he synonymized Chrysotrichia tanduk WELLS & HUISMAN 1993 (Malaysia) with this species. We reexamined the type specimens of S. pulmonaria and agree with the opinion of WELLS & HUISMAN (1993), the typical 1-3-4 tibial spur formula suggested that our species should be placed in Stactobiella, but the male genitalia are typical of Chrysotrichia. Therefore, the species Chrysotrichia pulmonaria (XUE & YANG 1990) became the first species of that genus known in China. In this study, two new species, Stactobiella mutica n. sp. and Stactobiella parallelica n. sp., have been found in Oriental China and Stactobiella biramosa from northern China (Hei-long-jiang) is new to the Chinese fauna.
Stactobiella species have forewings that are ~1.5–3.0 mm; 3 ocelli; the metascutellum is long, as wide as or slightly narrower than the metascutum; the spur formula is 1-3-4. Stactobiella male genitalia have segment IX well developed with long anterior apodemes, tergum X is membranous, the shape of the inferior appendage varies among species, the subgenital is plate strongly sclerotized, arched; the aedeagus is a single tubule in most species (diagnosis modified from MARSHALL 1979).
description: Published as part of Zhou, Lei, Yang, Lian-Fang & Morse, John C., 2016, New species of microcaddisflies from China (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae), pp. 203-219 in Zootaxa 4097 (2) on pages 209-210, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4097.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/265546
Tetranema Sweet 1830
Creators: name: Christenhusz, Maarten J. M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Lamiales
Plantaginaceae
Tetranema

description: Key to the species of Tetranema
1. Stamens included; corolla funnel-shaped, white with violet steaks to purple or blue ..................................................... 2
1. Stamens exserted from the throat of the corolla (but not exceeding the upper corolla lobe); corolla tubular, red or scarlet................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
2. Leaves condensed in a pseudo-rosette, obovate, the internodes short (≤ 1 cm) ................................................ T. roseum
2. Leaves spaced along the stem, oblanceolate, the internodes longer (≥ 3 cm) ...................................... T. michaelfayanum
3. Plant 25–50 cm; corolla lobes 2–4 mm, <1/5 the total corolla length; floral bracts ca. 6–10 mm .......... T. megaphyllum
3. Plants (35–) 80–200 cm; corolla lobes 11–13 mm long,> 1/5 the total corolla length; floral bracts 0.5–5 mm .............. 4
4. Corolla 2.6–3.5 cm, pubescent within in a band of flat, yellow hairs along the entire ventral surface and onto the lower lobe; inflorescence many-flowered (14–30 flowers), the peduncle purple; leaf apex rounded to short-acuminate ....... ................................................................................................................................................................ T. floribundum
4. Corolla ca. 4.9–5.5 cm, glabrous throughout or (rarely) pubescent on lower lobe and at mouth; inflorescence few-flowered (2–12 flowers), the peduncle green; leaf apex long-acuminate ...................................................... T. gamboanum
description: Published as part of Christenhusz, Maarten J. M., 2010, Nomenclatural corrections in Mesoamerican Plantaginaceae and a new species of Tetranema from Honduras, pp. 56-60 in Phytotaxa 14 (1) on page 57, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.14.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/4778757
Ostwald ripening in an oxide-on-metal system
Creators: name: Michalak, Natalia
name: Ossowski, Tomasz
name: Miłosz, Zygmunt
name: Prieto, Mauricio J.
name: Wang, Ying
name: Werwiński, Mirosław
name: Babacic, Visnja
name: Genuzio, Francesca
name: Vattuone, Luca
name: Kiejna, Adam
name: Schmidt, Thomas
name: Lewandowski, Mikołaj
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ostwald ripening is a well-known physicochemical phenomenon in which smaller particles, characterized by high surface energy, dissolve and feed the bigger ones that are thermodynamically more stable. The effect is commonly observed in solid and liquid solutions, as well as in systems consisting of supported metal clusters or liquid droplets. Here, we provide the first evidence for the occurrence of Ostwald ripening in an oxide-on-metal system which, in our case, consists of ultrathin iron monoxide (FeO) islands grown on Ru(0001) single-crystal support. The results reveal that the thermally-driven sintering of islands allows altering their fine structural characteristics, including size, perimeter length, defect density and stoichiometry, which are crucial, e.g., from the point of view of heterogeneous catalysis.
Anufrievia akazu
Creators: name: Cao, Yanghui
name: Yang, Meixia
name: Lin, Shuanghu
name: Zhang, Yalin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadellidae
Anufrievia
Anufrievia akazu

description: 2. Anufrievia akazu (Matsumura, 1932) n. rec. for China
(Fig. 25b)
Zygina akazu Matsumura, 1932: 108
Anufrievia akazu: Dworakowska 1970: 763, Fig. 18; Ohara, 2013: 244, Figs 1–2, 8–16
Anufrievia vilbastei Dworakowska, 1970: 763, Figs 12–17. syn.
Material examined: 1♂ [NWAFU], CHINA: Sichuan Prov., Mt. Qingcheng, 14.ix.1988, coll. Zhou Jingruo, Zheng Shuling & Xu Qiuyuan.
Distribution: China (Sichuan); Japan; Korea.
description: Published as part of Cao, Yanghui, Yang, Meixia, Lin, Shuanghu & Zhang, Yalin, 2018, Review of the leafhopper genus Anufrievia Dworakowska (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae: Erythroneurini), pp. 203-232 in Zootaxa 4446 (2) on page 205, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4446.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/1444098
Multi-target Learning with Constraints
Creators: name: Μπλίτση, Αναστασία Κασσιανή Πέτρου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2024
Subjects: Μάθηση πολλαπλών στόχων
Περιορισμοί
Στοίβαξη μοντέλων
Multi-target learning
Constraints
Stacking

description: Αυτή η διπλωματική εξετάζει το σενάριο των γνωστών τιμών εξόδου στη φάση πρόβλεψης. Για παράδειγμα, ένα σενάριο όπου κάποιος επιδιώκει να προβλέψει τον σημερινό καιρό και έχει στη διάθεσή του το τρέχον επίπεδο υγρασίας, χρησιμοποιώντας ένα μοντέλο που έχει εκπαιδευτεί σε ιστορικά δεδομένα. Αυτή η έρευνα εξετάζει τις συνέπειες της εισαγωγής τέτοιων γνωστών τιμών στη διαδικασία πρόβλεψης. Αυτή η έρευνα αντιμετωπίζει αυτούς τους περιορισμούς εισάγοντας μια προσέγγιση στοίβαξης ενιαίου συνόλου σε ένα περιορισμένο πλαίσιο πρόβλεψης πολλαπλών στόχων, όπου ο random forest χρησιμοποιείται τόσο ως βασικό όσο και ως μετα-μοντέλο. Το επίκεντρο αυτής της μελέτης είναι η ενσωμάτωση περιορισμών ειδικών για το πεδίο εφαρμογής, συγκεκριμένα η χρήση γνωστών τιμών στόχων κατά την πρόβλεψη. Επιπλέον, η μελέτη επεκτείνει αυτήν την έρευνα εξετάζοντας τις επιπτώσεις της ενσωμάτωσης γνωστών τιμών κατά τη φάση εκπαίδευσης του μετα-μοντέλου. Πειράματα πραγματοποιήθηκαν σε διάφορα διαθέσιμα δημόσια σύνολα δεδομένων, εξετάζοντας διαφορετικές στρατηγικές εκπαίδευσης και κατώφλια για την ενσωμάτωση πραγματικών τιμών ως περιορισμοί. Τα αποτελέσματα δείχνουν ότι η εφαρμογή ενός μέτριου επιπέδου περιορισμών πραγματικών τιμών κατά τη φάση πρόβλεψης και εκπαίδευσης (ένα κατώφλι της τάξης του 0.5), παράγει τις πιο συνεπείς και ακριβείς προβλέψεις σε διάφορα σύνολα δεδομένων.
description: This thesis explores the scenario of known target values in the inference phase. For instance, consider a scenario where one aims to predict today’s weather and has access to the current humidity level, leveraging a model trained on historical data. This research explores the consequences of introducing such known values into the inference process. This research addresses these limitations by introducing a stacked ensemble approach within a constrained multi-target prediction framework, where random forests serve as both base and meta model. The key focus of this study is the integration of domain-specific constraints, specifically the use of known target values during inference. Additionally, the study extends this investigation to examine the effects of incorporating known values during the meta model’s training phase. Experiments were conducted on various publicly available datasets, exploring different training strategies and thresholds for incorporating true values as constraints. The results demonstrate that applying a moderate level of true value constraints during both inference and training phase (a threshold of 0.5), produces the most consistent and accurate predictions across diverse datasets.
title: Patriotic Marriage: Eugenics, Colonial Intimacy and the Politics of the Marital Family in the Japanese Empire, 1931-1945.
Creators: name: Darby, Alison
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2023

description: This dissertation examines the politics of the marital family in metropolitan Japan and its two major formal colonies, Taiwan and Korea, from 1931 to 1945. It brings together, for the first time, two political discourses that sought to reshape marriages in service to the empire, which I term patriotic marriage discourses: the first, in support of eugenic marriage, and the second in support of interethnic marriage. Drawing on archival research in Japan, Taiwan and South Korea, the dissertation maps divergent and often contradictory attempts to influence the marital decisions of Japanese and their Korean and Taiwanese colonial subjects. In doing so, it reveals the differing ways social reformers imagined the future of the marital family, uncovering persistent tensions over how young women and men should choose a spouse and on what basis. What was at stake in this debate over spousal selection was not only - or even primarily - concerns about securing individual happiness and marital stability, but broader social concerns over public health, colonial relations, sexual morality and patriotic service to the empire. I argue that the existence of this sustained contestation cautions against the notion of a unitary vision of the ideal marital family in Japan during this era. Furthermore, I suggest that the persistent ambivalence over marriage ultimately indicates a deeper anxiety over the imagined future of the empire - and the model of the marital family that would best serve it. The findings of this dissertation have broader implications for how we conceptualise the nature of state power in Imperial Japan. They reveal significant and unresolved disagreements within official circles as well as the pivotal role played by nonstate actors in shaping educative campaigns in support of marital reform.
Circulant Shift-based Beamforming for Secure Communication with Low-resolution Phased Arrays
Creators: name: Patel, Kartik
name: Myers, Nitin Jonathan
name: Heath, Robert W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Millimeter wave (mmWave) technology can achieve high-speed communication due to the large available spectrum. Furthermore, the use of directional beams in mmWave system provides a natural defense against physical layer security attacks. In practice, however, the beams are imperfect due to mmWave hardware limitations such as the low-resolution of the phase shifters. These imperfections in the beam pattern introduce an energy leakage that can be exploited by an eavesdropper. To defend against such eavesdropping attacks, we propose a directional modulation-based defense technique where the transmitter applies random circulant shifts of a beamformer. We show that the use of random circulant shifts together with appropriate phase adjustment induces artificial phase noise (APN) in the directions different from that of the target receiver. Our method corrupts the phase at the eavesdropper without affecting the communication link of the target receiver. We also experimentally verify the APN induced due to circulant shifts, using channel measurements from a 2-bit mmWave phased array testbed. Using simulations, we study the performance of the proposed defense technique against a greedy eavesdropping strategy in a vehicle-to-infrastructure scenario. The proposed technique achieves better defense than the antenna subset modulation, without compromising on the communication link with the target receiver.
Distribution of Square Prime Numbers
Creators: name: Bhat, Raghavendra N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For $a \neq 1$ and $p$ prime, we define numbers of the form $pa^2$ to be Square-Prime (SP) Numbers. For example, 75 = 3 $\cdot$ 25; 108 = 3 $\cdot$ 36; 45 = 5 $\cdot$ 9. These numbers are listed in the OEIS as A228056. We study the properties of these numbers, their distribution/density and also develop a few claims on their distribution/density. We rely on computer programs to verify some conjectures up to large numbers.
Anufrievia arcuata Cao & Yang & Lin & Zhang 2018, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Cao, Yanghui
name: Yang, Meixia
name: Lin, Shuanghu
name: Zhang, Yalin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadellidae
Anufrievia
Anufrievia arcuata

description: 3. Anufrievia arcuata Yang & Zhang sp. nov.
(Fig. 2)
Body orange yellowish. Transition area from vertex to face orange at central part. Eyes and basal triangles of mesonotum blackish. Pronotum with whitish dumbbell-shaped streak near middle anterior margin. Fore wing beige.
Male genitalia: Pygofer with about 4 macrosetae at cephalo-ventral angle of lobe (Fig. 2a), apex of dorsal appendage not bifurcated, base broad, tapering to apex (Fig. 2b). Style with apical tooth shorter than subapical tooth (Fig. 2c). Aedeagal shaft broad in lateral view, almost straight, apical processes symmetric, hooked in ventral view; preatrial process developed, slightly sinuated, apex reaching gonopore; gonopore subapical (Figs 2e, f).
Measurement: Male 2.50mm, female 2.55mm.
Material examined: Holotype: ♂ [NWAFU], CHINA: Yunnan Prov., Menglong, 24.xii.1999, coll. Qin Daozheng. Paratypes: 1♀ [NWAFU], same data as holotype; 1♂ [NWAFU], CHINA, Yunnan Prov., Mengyuan, Sancha River, 950m, 20.xii.1999, coll. I. Dworakowska.
Remarks: This new species is similar to A. cervena Dworakowska, but can be distinguished by bifurcated apex of style, straight pygofer dorsal appendage, and the shortened part of aedeagus from gonopore to apex.
Etymology: The specific epithet is derived from the Latin word “ arcuatus ”, referring to the hooked apical processes of aedeagal shaft.
description: Published as part of Cao, Yanghui, Yang, Meixia, Lin, Shuanghu & Zhang, Yalin, 2018, Review of the leafhopper genus Anufrievia Dworakowska (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae: Erythroneurini), pp. 203-232 in Zootaxa 4446 (2) on pages 205-206, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4446.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/1444098
Tetranema michaelfayanum Christenh. 2010, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Christenhusz, Maarten J. M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Lamiales
Plantaginaceae
Tetranema
Tetranema michaelfayanum

description: Tetranema michaelfayanum Christenh., sp. nov.
Species cum Tetranemate roseo optime congruens sed differt foliis oblanceolatis et internodis multo longioribus.
Type:— HONDURAS. Comayagua: ridge of Cerro El Maneadero, ca. 11 km of Lago Yojoa, Parque Nacional Azul Meámbar, 1740 m, 14º48’00’’N, 87º52’30’’W, primary forest, 11 March 1993, Evans 1354 (holotype BM!, isotype MO!).
Herbs to at least 50 cm. Stems elongate, pubescent, the internodes 3 cm or longer. Leaves subsessile to short-petiolate, petioles (when present) to ca. 1 cm. Leaves 11.5–19 × 3–5.5 cm, oblanceolate, the base attenuate, the apex acute to acuminate, the margins distantly crenate, ciliate with bicellular trichomes, glabrous above, villous on the veins beneath. Inflorescences densely clustered, cymose, pseudo-umbellate; peduncles ca. 12–16 cm (usually longer than the leaves), green, quadrangular with the angles narrowly winged; bracts 1.5–2 mm, linear. Flowers (4–)6–12, with pedicels ca. 5–10 mm. Calyx 3–5 mm, the lobes imbricate, lanceolate, the apex acuminate. Corolla ca. 1.5 cm, infundibular, white with violet tube, bilabiate, the upper lip ca. 4 mm, bilobed, the lobes partly fused, rounded, the lower lip ca. 5–6 mm, trilobed, the middle lobe elliptic-ovate, the lateral lobes ovate. Stamens included, the shorter pair ca. 4 mm, the longer pair ca. 5 mm, the staminode ca. 3 mm. Style included. Capsule ca. 5 mm, ovoid. Seeds subquadrangular, ca. 4 mm. Flowering in March.
Etymology:—This species is named in honour of Dr. Michael F. Fay, head of Genetics at the Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. His extensive work on plant conservation and great achievement as editor in chief of the Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, and editorial work for other journals including Phytotaxa are hereby acknowledged.
description: Published as part of Christenhusz, Maarten J. M., 2010, Nomenclatural corrections in Mesoamerican Plantaginaceae and a new species of Tetranema from Honduras, pp. 56-60 in Phytotaxa 14 (1) on pages 57-58, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.14.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/4778757
Noncommutative gauge symmetry in the fractional quantum Hall effect
Creators: name: Du, Yi-Hsien
name: Mehta, Umang
name: Son, Dam Thanh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that a system of particles on the lowest Landau level can be coupled to a probe U(1) gauge field $\mathcal A_μ$ in such a way that the theory is invariant under a noncommutative U(1) gauge symmetry. While the temporal component $\mathcal A_0$ of the probe field is coupled to the projected density operator, the spatial components $\mathcal A_i$ are best interpreted as quantum displacements, which distort the interaction potential between the particles. We develop a Seiberg-Witten-type map from the noncommutative U(1) gauge symmetry to a simpler version, which we call "baby noncommutative" gauge symmetry, where the Moyal brackets are replaced by the Poisson brackets. The latter symmetry group is isomorphic to the group of volume preserving diffeomorphisms. By using this map, we resolve the apparent contradiction between the noncommutative gauge symmetry, on the one hand, and the particle-hole symmetry of the half-filled Landau level and the presence of the mixed Chern-Simons terms in the effective Lagrangian of the fractional quantum Hall states, on the other hand. We outline the general procedure which can be used to write down effective field theories which respect the noncommutative U(1) symmetry.
description: 14 pages
An Abelian Loop for Non-Composites
Creators: name: Bhat, Raghavendra N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Mathematics (math.GM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We define an abelian loop on a set $S$ consisting of 1 and all odd prime numbers with an operation $\bullet$, where for $a,b$ $\in$ $S$, $a$ $ \bullet$ $b$ is the smallest element of $S$ strictly larger than $|a-b|$. We use theorems and conjectures from number theory to prove properties of the loop and state analogous conjectures about the loop.
Anufrievia bauhinicola Dworakowska & Viraktamath 1978
Creators: name: Cao, Yanghui
name: Yang, Meixia
name: Lin, Shuanghu
name: Zhang, Yalin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadellidae
Anufrievia
Anufrievia bauhinicola

description: 5. Anufrievia bauhinicola Dworakowska & Viraktamath, 1978 n. rec. for China
(Figs 4, 25d)
Anufrievia bauhinicola Dworakowska & Viraktamath, 1978: 547, Figs 77–87
Material examined: 1♂ [NWAFU], CHINA, Yunnan Prov., Lancang, Munai, 2.xii.1999, coll. I. Dworakowska.
Host: Bauhinia variegata.
Distribution: China (Yunnan); India.
description: Published as part of Cao, Yanghui, Yang, Meixia, Lin, Shuanghu & Zhang, Yalin, 2018, Review of the leafhopper genus Anufrievia Dworakowska (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae: Erythroneurini), pp. 203-232 in Zootaxa 4446 (2) on page 209, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4446.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/1444098
Cheissinia baicalensis
Creators: name: Mayén-Estrada, Rosaura
name: Dávila, Sthefane
name: Dias, Roberto Junio Pedroso
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Ciliophora
Oligohymenophorea
Scuticociliatida
Hemispeiridae
Cheissinia
Cheissinia baicalensis

description: Cheissinia baicalensis (Cheissin, 1931)
Hosts and countries: Benedictia baicalensis, Baikal Lake. Benedictia limnaeoides (cited as Benedictia limneoides), Baikal Lake.
References: Raabe (1970a).
description: Published as part of Mayén-Estrada, Rosaura, Dávila, Sthefane & Dias, Roberto Junio Pedroso, 2024, Ciliate symbionts of bivalves with notes on their worldwide geographic distribution, pp. 451-481 in Zootaxa 5448 (4) on page 467, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5448.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/11232169
Devices for Thermal Conductivity Measurements of Electroplated Bi for X-ray TES Absorbers
Creators: name: Quaranta, Orlando
name: Gades, Lisa M.
name: Xue, Cindy
name: Divan, Ralu
name: Patel, Umeshkumar M.
name: Guruswamy, Tejas
name: Miceli, Antonino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electroplated Bismuth (Bi) is commonly used in Transition-Edge Sensors (TESs) for X-rays because of its high stopping power and low heat capacity. Electroplated Bi is usually grown on top of another metal that acts as seed layer, typically gold (Au), making it challenging to extrapolate its thermoelectric properties. In this work, we present four-wire resistance measurement structures that allow us to measure resistance as a function of temperature of electroplated Bi independently of Au. The results show that the thermal conductivity of the Bi at 3 K is high enough to guarantee the correct thermalization of X-ray photons when used as an absorber for TESs.
description: Proceedings of the 19th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors (LTD19)
Stactobiella biramosa Martynov
Creators: name: Zhou, Lei
name: Yang, Lian-Fang
name: Morse, John C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Trichoptera
Hydroptilidae
Stactobiella
Stactobiella biramosa

description: Stactobiella biramosa MARTYNOV
(Fig. 6)
Stactobiella biramosa MARTYNOV 1929, 297, figs. 5–6.
Remarks. This species is recorded from China for the first time. The male genitalia of our specimen from northern China are quite congruent with the drawings of Stactobiella biramosa provided by AREFINA et al. (2002), apart from the fact that 1) the pair of darkened bars within tergum X are not obvious (clearly observed in the specimens illustrated by AREFINA et al.), 2) the median spine on the lateral margin of each inferior appendage is absent (present on inferior appendages of the specimens of AREFINA et al.). The male genitalia of our specimens are redrawn here for comparison.
Specimen examined. CHINA. Hei-long-jiang Province, Yi-chun City: Wu-ying Village, Tang-wang River, N47.43°, E128.53°, alt. 250 m, 2 viii 1993, Coll. SUN C-h., 39 males; Wu-yi-ling, Ying-sheng Village, Wu-yun River, N47.43°, E128.53°, alt. 160 m, 31 vii 1993, Coll. SUN C-h., 121 males; Wu-yi-ling, Ying-sheng Village, Ximi-gan River, N47.43°, E128.53°, alt. 310 m, 30 vii 1993, Coll. SUN C-h., 5 males.
Distribution. Hei-long-jiang (East Palearctic Region of China); Russia.
description: Published as part of Zhou, Lei, Yang, Lian-Fang & Morse, John C., 2016, New species of microcaddisflies from China (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae), pp. 203-219 in Zootaxa 4097 (2) on page 214, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4097.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/265546
The Relativity of Physical Laws: A Philosophical Inquiry
Creators: name: Yıldırım, Begüm
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 500317
subject: Philosophy of science (excl. history and philosophy of specific fields)
classificationCode: 500305
subject: Epistemology
classificationCode: 510899
subject: Quantum physics not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 500309
subject: Metaphysics

description: This paper explores whether physical laws are absolute or observer-dependent, engaging with both scientific theories and philosophical perspectives. While the absoluteness of physical laws forms the foundation of modern science, relativity theory and quantum mechanics highlight the observer's role. Can physical laws exist independently of observation? This paper argues for a multi-layered framework where physical laws are both absolute in their essence and relative in their perception, with a discussion on potential undiscovered principles that bridge these perspectives.The author acknowledges the use of OpenAI’s language model for assistance in drafting certain sections of this workl
Pseudaeginella Mayer 1890
Creators: name: Ros, Macarena
name: Lacerda, Mariana B.
name: Guerra-García, José M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Amphipoda
Caprellinoididae
Pseudaeginella

description: Genus Pseudaeginella Mayer, 1890
Diagnosis. Head and pereonite 1 partially fused (suture clear). Flagellum of antenna 1 more than 2-articulate. Flagellum of antenna 2 two-articulate, swimming setae absent. Mandibular palp 3-articulate, molar very small or absent, setal formula 1-x- 1. Inner plate of maxilliped smaller than outer plate. Gills present on pereonites 3 and 4. Pereonites 6 and 7 separated (not fused). Pereopods 3 and 4 one-articulate, vestigial. Pereopods 5–7 six-articulate. Abdomen without appendages.
Type species. Aeginella tristanensis Stebbing, 1888
description: Published as part of Ros, Macarena, Lacerda, Mariana B. & Guerra-García, José M., 2017, A new caprellid species (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Senticaudata) from Brazil, pp. 388-400 in Zootaxa 4258 (4) on page 389, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4258.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/570124
Geometric Bounds on the Fastest Mixing Markov Chain
Creators: name: Olesker-Taylor, Sam
name: Zanetti, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 05C81, 60J10, 60J20, 60J27

description: In the Fastest Mixing Markov Chain problem, we are given a graph $G = (V, E)$ and desire the discrete-time Markov chain with smallest mixing time $τ$ subject to having equilibrium distribution uniform on $V$ and non-zero transition probabilities only across edges of the graph.
 It is well-known that the mixing time $τ_\textsf{RW}$ of the lazy random walk on $G$ is characterised by the edge conductance $Φ$ of $G$ via Cheeger's inequality: $Φ^{-1} \lesssim τ_\textsf{RW} \lesssim Φ^{-2} \log |V|$. Analogously, we characterise the fastest mixing time $τ^\star$ via a Cheeger-type inequality but for a different geometric quantity, namely the vertex conductance $Ψ$ of $G$: $Ψ^{-1} \lesssim τ^\star \lesssim Ψ^{-2} (\log |V|)^2$.
 This characterisation forbids fast mixing for graphs with small vertex conductance. To bypass this fundamental barrier, we consider Markov chains on $G$ with equilibrium distribution which need not be uniform, but rather only $\varepsilon$-close to uniform in total variation. We show that it is always possible to construct such a chain with mixing time $τ\lesssim \varepsilon^{-1} (\operatorname{diam} G)^2 \log |V|$.
 Finally, we discuss analogous questions for continuous-time and time-inhomogeneous chains.
description: 31 pages
Anufrievia curva Cao & Yang & Lin & Zhang 2018, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Cao, Yanghui
name: Yang, Meixia
name: Lin, Shuanghu
name: Zhang, Yalin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadellidae
Anufrievia
Anufrievia curva

description: 6. Anufrievia curva Yang & Zhang sp. nov.
(Figs 5, 25e)
Resembles A. arcuata sp. nov. externally.
Abdominal apodemes small and broad, extending to posterior margin of 3rd sternite.
Male genitalia: Pygofer with about 2 macrosetae at cephalo-ventral angle of lobe (Fig. 5a); apex of dorsal appendage bifurcated, scissor-shaped (Figs 5b, c). Style with apical tooth curved, longer than subapical tooth, inner margin of subapical tooth serrated (Figs 5d, e). Aedeagal shaft with pair of apical processes moderately long; preatrial process long, apex truncated, surpassing gonopore; gonopore central (Figs 5f, g).
Measurement: Male 2.45mm.
Material examined: Holotype: ♂ [NWAFU], CHINA: Yunnan Prov., Menglong, 24.xii.1999, coll. Qin Daozheng.
Remarks: This new species is similar to A. bauhinicola Dworakowska & Viraktamath, but can be differentiated from the latter by: pygofer dorsal appendage with two teeth equal in length, apical tooth of style longer than the subapical one, apical processes of aedeagal shaft shorter, apex of preatrial process truncated in ventral view and dorsal apodeme nearly as long as aedeagal shaft.
Etymology: The specific epithet is derived from the Latin word “ curvus ”, referring to the curved apical tooth of the style.
description: Published as part of Cao, Yanghui, Yang, Meixia, Lin, Shuanghu & Zhang, Yalin, 2018, Review of the leafhopper genus Anufrievia Dworakowska (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae: Erythroneurini), pp. 203-232 in Zootaxa 4446 (2) on pages 209-211, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4446.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/1444098
Pseudoxyethira Zhou, Yang & Morse, 2016, NEW STATUS
Creators: name: Zhou, Lei
name: Yang, Lian-Fang
name: Morse, John C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Trichoptera
Pseudoxyethira

description: Pseudoxyethira SCHMID, NEW STATUS
Scelotrichia ULMER 1951, 73; type species: Scelotrichia saranganica ULMER 1951 (original designation); preoccupied by Scelotrichia REUTER 1890 in Hemiptera.
Pseudoxyethira SCHMID 1958, 44; type species: Pseudoxyethira asgiriskanda SCHMID 1958 (original designation). Synonymized with Scelotrichia ULMER by WELLS 1990, 373.
Madioxyethira SCHMID 1960, 89; type species: Madioxyethira milinda SCHMID 1960 (original designation). Synonymized with Scelotrichia ULMER by WELLS 1990, 373. Treated as a distinct genus by MALICKY 2006, 241 –264.
Orientalitrichia KOÇAK & KEMAL 2012; inappropriate replacement name for Scelotrichia ULMER.
The genus Pseudoxyethira currently consists of 60 described species from the East Palaearctic (2 species), the Oriental (45 species), the Afrotropical (4 species), and the Australasian (9 species) Regions (MORSE 2015). Two species of this genus are already known in China, P. levis (WELLS & DUDGEON 1990) (Hong Kong) and P. mador (MALICKY 2012) (Mt. Jing-gang-shan, Jiang-xi). In this study, P. thingana from Vietnam was found in southern China, Jiang-xi Province.
description: Published as part of Zhou, Lei, Yang, Lian-Fang & Morse, John C., 2016, New species of microcaddisflies from China (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae), pp. 203-219 in Zootaxa 4097 (2) on page 214, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4097.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/265546
Brobdingnagian photon bunching in cathodoluminescence of excitons in WS$_2$ monolayer
Creators: name: Fiedler, Saskia
name: Morozov, Sergii
name: Iliushyn, Leonid
name: Boroviks, Sergejs
name: Thomaschewski, Martin
name: Wang, Jianfang
name: Booth, Timothy J.
name: Stenger, Nicolas
name: Wolff, Christian
name: Mortensen, N. Asger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cathodoluminescence spectroscopy in conjunction with second-order auto-correlation measurements of $g_2(τ)$ allows to extensively study the synchronization of quantum light sources in low-dimensional structures. Co-existing excitons in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers provide a great source of identical quantum emitters which can be simultaneously excited by an electron. In this article, we demonstrate large photon bunching with $g_2(0)$ up to $156\pm16$ of a tungsten disulfide monolayer, exhibiting a strong dependence on the electron-beam current density. To further improve the excitation synchronization and the electron-emitter interaction, we show exemplary that the careful selection of a simple and compact geometry -- a thin, monocrystalline gold nanodisk -- can be used to realize a record-high bunching $g_2(0)$ of up to $2152\pm236$. This approach to control the electron excitation of excitons in a \ce{WS2} monolayer allows for the synchronization of quantum emitters in an ensemble, which is important to further advance quantum information processing and computing technologies.
description: Supporting information is available upon request to authors
Nucleocorbula adherens Santhakumari and Nair 1970
Creators: name: Mayén-Estrada, Rosaura
name: Dávila, Sthefane
name: Dias, Roberto Junio Pedroso
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Ciliophora
Oligohymenophorea
Scuticociliatida
Nucleocorbulidae
Nucleocorbula
Nucleocorbula adherens

description: Nucleocorbula adherens Santhakumari and Nair, 1970
Hosts and countries: Martesia striata, India. Nausitora hedleyi (cited as Nausitoria hedleyi), India. Teredo furcifera, India.
References: Santhakumari & Nair (1970 1982); Santhakumari (1973 1976 1985).
description: Published as part of Mayén-Estrada, Rosaura, Dávila, Sthefane & Dias, Roberto Junio Pedroso, 2024, Ciliate symbionts of bivalves with notes on their worldwide geographic distribution, pp. 451-481 in Zootaxa 5448 (4) on page 468, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5448.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/11232169
SCIENTIFIC METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF GEOPOLITICAL RESEARCH
Creators: name: Kojageldiyev Abatbay Uzaqbayevich Karakalpak State University, Associate Professor of the  Department of Social Sciences
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This article explores the scientific methodological foundations of geopolitical research, which involves the study of power, geography, and international relations. It provides an overview of key principles and approaches that guide the conduct of rigorous and systematic geopolitical research. The article discusses concepts such as hypothesis formulation, data collection and analysis, sampling techniques, ethical considerations, and the importance of theory testing and theory building. It also emphasizes the interdisciplinary nature of geopolitical research and the significance of context, comparative analysis, and longitudinal studies. Additionally, the article highlights the relevance of mixed-methods research, policy implications, collaboration, reflexivity, and the use of case studies, geospatial analysis, network analysis, counterfactual analysis, meta-analysis, and long-term trend analysis. By understanding and applying these scientific methodological foundations, researchers can enhance their understanding of geopolitical dynamics and contribute to informed decision-making and policy development.

Keywords: Geopolitical research, scientific methodology, power, geography, international relations, hypothesis formulation, data collection, data analysis, sampling techniques, ethical considerations, theory testing, theory building, context, comparative analysis, longitudinal studies, mixed-methods research, policy implications, collaboration, reflexivity, case studies, geospatial analysis, network analysis, counterfactual analysis, meta-analysis, long-term trend analysis
પશુપાલનની દૈનિક પ્રવૃત્તિઓના સંચાલનમાં મહિલાઓની ભૂમિકા
Creators: name: ડૉ. જાગૃતિ પરમાર, ડૉ. સુરેશ માવદિયા અને ડૉ. અવિનાશ બિલવાલ
Publisher: name: The Science world a Monthly e magazine
Year: 2024

description: કેન્દ્રીય આંકડાકીય કચેરી રિપોર્ટ (2018) અને વસ્તી ગણતરી, (2011) અનુસાર, ભારતમાં મહિલાઓની વસ્તી 45.45% હોવાનું જાણવા મળ્યું હતું અને તેમનો સાક્ષરતા દર 64.63% નોંધાયો હતો, તમામ પુરુષોમાં તે 16.25% ના વધારા સાથે 80.88% નોંધાયો હતો.. ભારત એક કૃષિપ્રધાન દેશ છે જ્યાં રોજગારીની કુલ જરૂરિયાતોમાં કૃષિ ક્ષેત્ર 50% થી વધુ યોગદાન આપે છે. આ ક્ષેત્ર લગભગ 70% કૃષિ કામદારો, 80% ખાદ્ય ઉત્પાદકો અને 10% લોકોને રોજગારી આપે છે જેઓ મૂળભૂત ખાદ્ય વસ્તુઓ પર પ્રક્રિયા કરે છે. મહિલાઓ કૃષિ ઉત્પાદનમાં બે તૃતીયાંશ કર્મચારીઓ પ્રદાન કરે છે. પશુધન ક્ષેત્ર એ કૃષિનો એક અભિન્ન ભાગ છે જે ગ્રામીણ આજીવિકા માટે મુખ્ય સંપત્તિ છે અને કુલ કૃષિ જીડીપીમાં 25.8% ફાળો આપે છે (પશુપાલન, ડેરી અને મત્સ્યોદ્યોગ વિભાગ, 2018) અને આ ક્ષેત્ર મોટાભાગે મહિલાઓના હાથમાં છે. વાસ્તવમાં પશુપાલન નારીકરણ થઈ રહ્યું છે. ભારતના ડેરી ક્ષેત્રમાં, 1.5 કરોડ પુરુષોની સરખામણીએ લગભગ 7.5 કરોડ મહિલાઓ પશુપાલનમાં મહત્વપૂર્ણ ભૂમિકા ભજવે છે. પરંતુ તેમના યોગદાનને હજુ સુધી તે યોગ્ય સ્થાન મળ્યું નથી. તેઓ હંમેશા અદ્રશ્ય કામદારો રહે છે અને વિવિધ કારણોસર ટેક્નોલોજી, ક્રેડિટ, આવક વગેરે જેવી મહત્વની માહિતી અને સેવાઓનો ઉપયોગ કરવામાં અસમર્થ હોય છે.
Constructive theory of ordinals
Creators: name: Coquand, Thierry
name: Lombardi, Henri
name: Neuwirth, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In Chapter 3 of his Notes on constructive mathematics, Martin-L{ö}f describes recursively constructed ordinals. He gives a constructively acceptable version of Kleene's computable ordinals. In fact, the Turing definition of computable functions is not needed from a constructive point of view. We give in this paper a constructive theory of ordinals that is similar to Martin-L{ö}f's theory, but based only on the two relations "$x \leq y$" and "$x < y$", i.e., without considering sequents whose intuitive meaning is a classical disjunction. In our setting, the operation "supremum of ordinals" plays an important rôle through its interactions with the relations "$x \leq y$" and "$x < y$". This allows us to approach as much as we may the notion of linear order when the property "$α\leq β$ or $β\leq α$" is provable only within classical logic. Our aim is to give a formal definition corresponding to intuition, and to prove that our constructive ordinals satisfy constructively all desirable properties. Note that by adding classical logic, we would recover the ordinals of usual classical mathematics, at the cost of a loss of computability for most statements given in the usual form.