cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Mapping discrete galaxies at cosmic dawn with 21-centimeter observations
Creators: name: Reis, Itamar
name: Barkana, Rennan
name: Fialkov, Anastasia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At cosmic dawn, the 21-centimeter signal from intergalactic hydrogen was driven by Lyman-$α$ photons from some of the earliest stars, producing a spatial pattern that reflected the distribution of galaxies at that time. Due to the large foreground, it is thought that around redshift 20 it is only observationally feasible to detect 21-cm fluctuations statistically, yielding a limited, indirect probe of early galaxies. Here we show that 21-cm images at cosmic dawn should actually be dominated by large (tens of comoving megaparsecs), high contrast bubbles surrounding individual galaxies. We demonstrate this using a substantially upgraded semi-numerical simulation code that realistically captures the formation and 21-cm effects of the small galaxies expected during this era. Small number statistics associated with the rarity of early galaxies, combined with the multiple scattering of photons in the blue wing of the Lyman-$α$ line, create the large bubbles and also enhance the 21-cm power spectrum by a factor of 2--7 and add to it a feature that measures the typical brightness of galaxies. These various signatures of discrete early galaxies are potentially detectable with planned experiments such as the Square Kilometer Array or the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array, even if the early stars formed in dark matter halos with masses as low as $10^8\, M_\odot$, ten thousand times smaller than the Milky Way halo.
description: First submitted for publication on Apr. 5th, 2020
title: Wirkmechanismen des Polyphenols DPP-23 in der experimentellen Kopf-Hals-Onkologie
Creators: name: Taeger, Johannes
name: Scherzad, Agmal
name: Kleinsasser, Norbert
name: Hackenberg, Stephan
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Einleitung: Für das neuartige Polyphenol (E)-3-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(2-methoxy-phenyl)prop-2-en-1-on (DPP-23) konnten zytotoxische Effekte bei Kopf-Hals-Tumorzelllinien und humanen mensenchymalen Stammzellen in vitro nachgewiesen werden. Ziel der aktuellen Untersuchungen war es, die zugrunde[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 87. Jahresversammlung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie
Voĭny temnykhʺ silʺ
Creators: name: Markov, N. E. (Nikolaĭ Evgenʹevich), 1866-1945
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Jews, Russian
Jews--Legal status, laws, etc.
Antisemitism
Jews--Persecutions
Secret societies

description: Title translates as "Wars of the Dark Forces", written by Nikolai Evgen'evich Markov. He was the influential leader of the Kursk branch of the Union of the Russian People and Union of Michael the Archangel, chauvinist, and member of the anti-Semitic organization, the Black Hundreds. This book depicts Jews as a "malevolent race" and calls for the unmasking of the Jewish conspiracy. The Beilis trial is discussed in the displayed chapter.
Spatio-Temporal EEG Representation Learning on Riemannian Manifold and Euclidean Space
Creators: name: Zhang, Guangyi
name: Etemad, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a novel deep neural architecture for learning electroencephalogram (EEG). To learn the spatial information, our model first obtains the Riemannian mean and distance from spatial covariance matrices (SCMs) on a Riemannian manifold. We then project the spatial information onto a Euclidean space via tangent space learning. Following, two fully connected layers are used to learn the spatial information embeddings. Moreover, our proposed method learns the temporal information via differential entropy and logarithm power spectrum density features extracted from EEG signals in a Euclidean space using a deep long short-term memory network with a soft attention mechanism. To combine the spatial and temporal information, we use an effective fusion strategy, which learns attention weights applied to embedding-specific features for decision making. We evaluate our proposed framework on four public datasets across three popular EEG-related tasks, notably emotion recognition, vigilance estimation, and motor imagery classification, containing various types of tasks such as binary classification, multi-class classification, and regression. Our proposed architecture outperforms other methods on SEED-VIG, and approaches the state-of-the-art on the other three datasets (SEED, BCI-IV 2A, and BCI-IV 2B), showing the robustness of our framework in EEG representation learning. The source code of our paper is publicly available at https://github.com/guangyizhangbci/EEG_Riemannian.
description: Accepted in IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence. 15 pages, 6 figures
Dark against luminous matter around isolated central galaxies: a comparative study between modern surveys and Illustris-TNG
Creators: name: Alonso, Pedro
name: Wang, Wenting
name: Zhang, Jun
name: Li, Hekun
name: Shao, Shi
name: Guo, Qi
name: He, Yanqin
name: Hao, Cai-Na
name: Shi, Rui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on independent shear measurements using the DECaLS/DR8 imaging data, we measure the weak lensing signals around isolated central galaxies (ICGs) from SDSS/DR7 at $z\sim0.1$. The projected stellar mass density profiles of surrounding satellite galaxies are further deduced, using photometric sources from the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) survey (pDR3). The signals of ICGs $+$ their extended stellar halos are taken from Wang et al.(2021). All measurements are compared with predictions by the Illustris-TNG300-1 simulation. We find, overall, a good agreement between observation and TNG300. In particular, a correction to the stellar mass of massive observed ICGs is applied based on the calibration of He et al.(2013), which brings a much better agreement with TNG300 predicted lensing signals at $\log_{10}M_\ast/M_\odot>11.1$. In real observation, red ICGs are hosted by more massive dark matter halos, have more satellites and more extended stellar halos than blue ICGs at fixed stellar mass. However, in TNG300 there are more satellites around blue ICGs at fixed stellar mass, and the outer stellar halos of red and blue ICGs are similar. The stellar halos of TNG galaxies are more extended compared with real observed galaxies, especially for blue ICGs with $\log_{10}M_\ast/M_\odot>10.8$. We find the same trend for TNG100 galaxies and for true halo central galaxies. The tensions between TNG and real galaxies might indicate that satellite disruptions are stronger in TNG. In both TNG300 and observation, satellites approximately trace the underlying dark matter distribution beyond $0.1R_{200}$, but the fraction of total stellar mass in TNG300 does not show the same radial distribution as real galaxies.
description: accepted by ApJ, comments welcome
Zadachi i taktiki RSDRP v e̋migrat︠s︡ii
Creators: name: Aronson, G. S. (Grigorīĭ Semenov)
name: Dvinov, Boris L.
name: Sapir, Boris
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018

description: Living in exile, Aronson, Dvinov and Sapir still discussed the present and future of Russia, and dedicated their lives to fighting the Bol'shevik dictatorship.
title: HPV-16-Prävalenz und HPV-abhängiges Gesamtüberleben in Abhängigkeit der HNSCC-Subregion: eine retrospektive Analyse von 279 Patienten mit einem HNSCC
Creators: name: Tahtali, Aykut
name: Hirth, Daniel
name: Geißler, Christin
name: Wagenblast, Jens
name: Stöver, Timo
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Einleitung: Zahlreiche Studien belegen einen ätiologischen Zusammenhang zwischen einer HPV-16-Infektion und  dem Risiko an einem Oropharynx-Karzinom (OC) zu erkranken. Ebenfalls als gesichert gilt, dass ein positiver HPV-16-Status bei OC mit einem besseren Gesamtüberleben (GÜ) assoziiert[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 87. Jahresversammlung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie
Arbitrary-order Hilbert spectral analysis for time series possessing scaling statistics: a comparison study with detrended fluctuation analysis and wavelet leaders
Creators: name: Huang, Y. X.
name: Schmitt, F. G.
name: Hermand, J. -P.
name: Gagne, Y.
name: Lu, Z. M.
name: Liu, Y. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we present an extended version of Hilbert-Huang transform, namely arbitrary-order Hilbert spectral analysis, to characterize the scale-invariant properties of a time series directly in an amplitude-frequency space. We first show numerically that due to a nonlinear distortion, traditional methods require high-order harmonic components to represent nonlinear processes, except for the Hilbert-based method. This will lead to an artificial energy flux from the low-frequency (large scale) to the high-frequency (small scale) part. Thus the power law, if it exists, is contaminated. We then compare the Hilbert method with structure functions (SF), detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA), and wavelet leader (WL) by analyzing fractional Brownian motion and synthesized multifractal time series. For the former simulation, we find that all methods provide comparable results. For the latter simulation, we perform simulations with an intermittent parameter μ = 0.15. We find that the SF underestimates scaling exponent when q > 3. The Hilbert method provides a slight underestimation when q > 5. However, both DFA and WL overestimate the scaling exponents when q > 5. It seems that Hilbert and DFA methods provide better singularity spectra than SF and WL. We finally apply all methods to a passive scalar (temperature) data obtained from a jet experiment with a Taylor's microscale Reynolds number Relambda \simeq 250. Due to the presence of strong ramp-cliff structures, the SF fails to detect the power law behavior. For the traditional method, the ramp-cliff structure causes a serious artificial energy flux from the low-frequency (large scale) to the high-frequency (small scale) part. Thus DFA and WL underestimate the scaling exponents. However, the Hilbert method provides scaling exponents ξθ(q) quite close to the one for longitudinal velocity.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures
Efficient Folded Attention for 3D Medical Image Reconstruction and Segmentation
Creators: name: Zhang, Hang
name: Zhang, Jinwei
name: Wang, Rongguang
name: Zhang, Qihao
name: Spincemaille, Pascal
name: Nguyen, Thanh D.
name: Wang, Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recently, 3D medical image reconstruction (MIR) and segmentation (MIS) based on deep neural networks have been developed with promising results, and attention mechanism has been further designed to capture global contextual information for performance enhancement. However, the large size of 3D volume images poses a great computational challenge to traditional attention methods. In this paper, we propose a folded attention (FA) approach to improve the computational efficiency of traditional attention methods on 3D medical images. The main idea is that we apply tensor folding and unfolding operations with four permutations to build four small sub-affinity matrices to approximate the original affinity matrix. Through four consecutive sub-attention modules of FA, each element in the feature tensor can aggregate spatial-channel information from all other elements. Compared to traditional attention methods, with moderate improvement of accuracy, FA can substantially reduce the computational complexity and GPU memory consumption. We demonstrate the superiority of our method on two challenging tasks for 3D MIR and MIS, which are quantitative susceptibility mapping and multiple sclerosis lesion segmentation.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
title: Einfluss der photodynamischen Therapie (PDT) auf die Expression von Cancer-Testis Antigenen (CTA) in Plattenepithelkarzinomen des Kopf-Hals-Bereiches (HNSCC)
Creators: name: Theodoraki, Marie-Nicole
name: Thierauf, Julia
name: Schneider, Juliane
name: Lorenz, Kai
name: Hoffmann, Thomas K.
name: Laban, Simon
name: Schuler, Patrick
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Einleitung: Die PDT stellt neben der Chemo- und Radiotherapie eine weitere palliative Behandlungsoption von HNSCC dar. Die PDT induziert neben der Schädigung von Tumorzellen auch eine Entzündungsreaktion. CTA sind tumor-spezifische, immunogene Proteine, die physiologisch nur in Testis exprimiert[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 87. Jahresversammlung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie
Compact geodesic orbit spaces with a simple isotropy group
Creators: name: Chen, Z.
name: Nikolayevsky, Y.
name: Nikonorov, Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C30, 53C25, 22E46, 17B10

description: Let $M=G/H$ be a compact, simply connected, Riemannian homogeneous space, where $G$ is (almost) effective and $H$ is a simple Lie group. In this paper, we first classify all $G$-naturally reductive metrics on $M$, and then all $G$-geodesic orbit metrics on $M$.
description: 37 pages
Experimental benchmark data for Monte Carlo simulated radiation effects of gold nanoparticles. Part I: Experiment and raw data analysis
Creators: name: Rabus, Hans
name: Hepperle, Philine
name: Schlueter, Christoph
name: Hloskovsky, Andrei
name: Baek, Woon Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electron emission spectra of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) after photon interaction were measured over the energy range between 50 eV and 9500 eV to provide reference data for Monte Carlo radiation-transport simulations. Experiments were performed with the HAXPES spectrometer at the PETRA III high-brilliance beamline P22 at DESY (Hamburg, Germany) for photon energies below and above each of the gold L-edges, i.e., at 11.9 keV, 12.0 keV, 13.7 keV, 13.8 keV, 14.3 keV, and 14.4 keV. The study focused on a sample with gold nanoparticles with an average diameter of 11.0 nm on a thin carbon foil. Additional measurements were performed on a sample with 5.3 nm gold nanoparticles and on reference samples of gold and carbon foils. Further measurements were made to calibrate the photon flux monitor, to characterize the transmission function of the electron spectrometer and to determine the size of the photon beam. This allowed the determination of the absolute values of the spectral particle radiance of secondary electrons per incident photon flux. The paper presents the experimental and raw data analysis procedures, reviews the data obtained for the nanoparticle samples and discusses their limitations.
description: Revised manuscript after peer review; 21 pages, 15 Figures, 6 Tables plus 4 Supplements with altogether 14 pages, 16 figures, 2 tables
Geometry-related magnetic interference patterns in long SNS Josephson junctions
Creators: name: Chiodi, F.
name: Ferrier, M.
name: Guéron, S.
name: Cuevas, J. C.
name: Montambaux, G.
name: Fortuna, F.
name: Kasumov, A.
name: Bouchiat, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have measured the critical current dependence on the magnetic flux of two long SNS junctions differing by the normal wire geometry. The samples are made by a Au wire connected to W contacts, via Focused Ion Beam assisted deposition. We could tune the magnetic pattern from the monotonic gaussian-like decay of a quasi 1D normal wire to the Fraunhofer-like pattern of a square normal wire. We explain the monotonic limit with a semiclassical 1D model, and we fit both field dependences with numerical simulations of the 2D Usadel equation. Furthermore, we observe both integer and fractional Shapiro steps. The magnetic flux dependence of the integer steps reproduces as expected that of the critical current Ic, while fractional steps decay slower with the flux than Ic.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Rate-Splitting Multiple Access for Uplink Massive MIMO With Electromagnetic Exposure Constraints
Creators: name: Jiang, Hanyu
name: You, Li
name: Elzanaty, Ahmed
name: Wang, Jue
name: Wang, Wenjin
name: Gao, Xiqi
name: Alouini, Mohamed-Slim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Over the past few years, the prevalence of wireless devices has become one of the essential sources of electromagnetic (EM) radiation to the public. Facing with the swift development of wireless communications, people are skeptical about the risks of long-term exposure to EM radiation. As EM exposure is required to be restricted at user terminals, it is inefficient to blindly decrease the transmit power, which leads to limited spectral efficiency and energy efficiency (EE). Recently, rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA) has been proposed as an effective way to provide higher wireless transmission performance, which is a promising technology for future wireless communications. To this end, we propose using RSMA to increase the EE of massive MIMO uplink while limiting the EM exposure of users. In particularly, we investigate the optimization of the transmit covariance matrices and decoding order using statistical channel state information (CSI). The problem is formulated as non-convex mixed integer program, which is in general difficult to handle. We first propose a modified water-filling scheme to obtain the transmit covariance matrices with fixed decoding order. Then, a greedy approach is proposed to obtain the decoding permutation. Numerical results verify the effectiveness of the proposed EM exposure-aware EE maximization scheme for uplink RSMA.
description: to appear in IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
title: Prädiktive Faktoren für die Entwicklung von neutropenen Komplikationen unter einer kombinierten Radio-Chemotherapie
Creators: name: Thorn, Carsten
name: Hörmann, Karl
name: Schultz, Johannes
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Die adjuvante oder primäre, platinbasierte Radio-Chemotherapie gilt als Goldstandard in der Therapie von vielen Kopf-Hals Plattenepithelkarzinomen. Trotz moderner Dosierungsschemata und differenziertem Patienten-Monitoring kommt es im Rahmen der Therapie bei einigen der Patienten zu ausgeprägten[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 87. Jahresversammlung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie
Classical realization of two-site Fermi-Hubbard systems
Creators: name: Longhi, S.
name: Della Valle, G.
name: Foglietti, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A classical wave optics realization of the two-site Hubbard model, describing the dynamics of interacting fermions in a double-well potential, is proposed based on light transport in evanescently-coupled optical waveguides.
description: 4 pages
The character map in (twisted differential) non-abelian cohomology
Creators: name: Fiorenza, Domenico
name: Sati, Hisham
name: Schreiber, Urs
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the Chern character on K-theory, in its generalization to the Chern-Dold character on generalized cohomology theories, further to (twisted, differential) non-abelian cohomology theories, where its target is a non-abelian de Rham cohomology of twisted L-infinity algebra valued differential forms. The construction amounts to leveraging the fundamental theorem of dg-algebraic rational homotopy theory to a twisted non-abelian generalization of the de Rham theorem. We show that the non-abelian character reproduces, besides the Chern-Dold character, also the Chern-Weil homomorphism as well as its secondary Cheeger-Simons homomorphism on (differential) non-abelian cohomology in degree 1, represented by principal bundles (with connection); and thus generalizes all these to higher (twisted, differential) non-abelian cohomology, represented by higher bundles/higher gerbes (with higher connections). As a fundamental example, we discuss the twisted non-abelian character map on twistorial Cohomotopy theory over 8-manifolds, which can be viewed as a twisted non-abelian enhancement of topological modular forms (tmf) in degree 4. This turns out to exhibit a list of subtle topological relations that in high energy physics are thought to govern the charge quantization of fluxes in M-theory.
description: 124 pages; v2: one more example and further references added; v3: several improvements and more details, expanded introduction
Hawking radiation, chirality, and the principle of effective theory of gravity
Creators: name: Zampeli, Adamantia
name: Singleton, Douglas
name: Vagenas, Elias C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we combine the chirality of field theories in near horizon regions with the principle of effective theory of gravity to define a new energy-momentum tensor for the theory. This new energy-momentum tensor has the correct radiation flux to account for Hawking radiation for space-times with horizons. This method is connected to the chiral anomaly cancellation method, but it works for space-times for which the chiral anomaly cancellation method fails. In particular the method presented here works for the non-asymptotically flat de Sitter space-time and its associated Hawking-Gibbons radiation, as well as Rindler space-time and its associated Unruh radiation. This indicates that it is the chiral nature of the field theory in the near horizon regions which is of primary importance rather than the chiral anomaly.
description: 13 pages, LaTeX, no figures, to appear in JHEP; v2: two references added and various cosmetic (but no physics) changes to match published version
Desenvolvimento embrionário do peixe-zebra
Creators: name: Domingues, Inês
name: Quintaneiro, Carla
name: Gagliardi, Mariachiara
name: Capone, Luigi
Publisher: name: Revista Captar: Ciência e Ambiente para Todos
Year: 2022

description: Nos últimos anos o peixe-zebra (Danio rerio) tem-se tornado um modelo científico com interesse crescente em diversas áreas. Para além da facilidade em ser mantido e reproduzido em laboratório, o facto de ter um desenvolvimento embrionário rápido, elevada fecundidade e de os seus embriões serem grandes, transparentes e não mucilaginosos propulsionaram o seu uso em estudos de embriologia. O desenvolvimento embrionário do peixe-zebra tem um grande potencial para ser usado como referência na lecionação de disciplinas relacionadas com biologia do desenvolvimento tanto a nível do ensino superior como a nível do secundário; no entanto, os trabalhos de referência na área, além de não estarem disponíveis em língua portuguesa, são complexos e demasiado aprofundados. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever o desenvolvimento embrionário do peixe-zebra com uma linguagem científica adequada a vários níveis de ensino.
description: Revista Captar: Ciência e Ambiente para Todos, vol. 11 (2022)
Hans Gummel, Forschungsgeschichte in Deutschland
Creators: name: Tackenberg, K.
Publisher: name: Bonner Jahrbücher
Year: 2020

description: Rezension zu: Hans Gummel, Forschungsgeschichte in Deutschland. Die Urgeschichtsforschung und ihre historische Entwicklung in den Kulturstaaten der Erde, Bd. 1, hrsg. von K. H. Jacob-Friesen. Berlin (W. de Gruyter) 1938. 8°. 483 Seiten mit 4 Abbildungen im Text und 16 Tafeln
description: Bonner Jahrbücher, Bd. 145 (1940): Bonner Jahrbücher des Vereins von Altertumsfreunden im Rheinlande und des Rheinischen Provinzialmuseums in Bonn
Limits on the extragalactic background light in the Fermi era
Creators: name: Meyer, Manuel
name: Raue, Martin
name: Mazin, Daniel
name: Horns, Dieter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Very high energy (VHE, energy $E \gtrsim 100$\,GeV) γ-rays from cosmological sources are attenuated due to the interaction with photons of the extragalactic background light (EBL) in the ultraviolet to infrared wavelength band. The EBL, thus, leaves an imprint on the observed energy spectra of these objects. In the last four years, the number of extragalactic VHE sources discovered with imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs), such as MAGIC, H.E.S.S., and VERITAS, has doubled. Furthermore, the measurements of the \emph{Fermi} satellite brought new insights into the intrinsic spectra of the sources at GeV energies. In this paper, upper limits on the EBL intensity are derived by considering the most extensive VHE source sample ever used in this context. This is accomplished by constructing a large number of generic EBL shapes and combining spectral informations from \emph{Fermi} and IACTs together with minimal assumptions about the source physics at high and very high γ-ray energies. The evolution of the EBL with redshift is accounted for and the possibility of the formation of an electromagnetic cascade and the implications on the upper limits are explored. The EBL density at $z=0$ is constrained over a broad wavelength range between 0.4 and 100\,μm. At optical wavelengths, the EBL density is constrained below 24\,nW\,m$^{-2}$\,sr$^{-1}$ and below 5\,nW\,m$^{-2}$\,sr$^{-1}$ between 8\,μm and 31\,μm.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures; accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
title: Untersuchungen zum präoperativen und histopathologischen Staging bei Patienten mit Oropharynxkarzinomen
Creators: name: Thranitz, Mike
name: Theunert, Anika
name: Knipping, Stephan
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Einleitung: Die multimodale Tumortherapie erfordert eine möglichst genaue Planung des Therapieregimes. Hierfür untersuchten wir, für in unserer Klinik operativ behandelten Oropharynxkarzinome, retrospektiv die Genauigkeit des präoperativen Stagings sowie das Gesamtüberleben [zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 87. Jahresversammlung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie
Experimental benchmark data for Monte Carlo simulated radiation effects of gold nanoparticles. Part II: Comparison of measured and simulated electron spectra from gold nanofoils
Creators: name: Borbinha, Jorge
name: Rosales, Liset de la Fuente
name: Hepperle, Philine
name: Nettelbeck, Heidi
name: Baek, Woon Yong
name: Di Maria, Salvatore
name: Rabus, Hans
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electron emission spectra of a thin gold foil after photon interaction were measured over the energy range between 50 eV and 9500 eV to provide reference data for Monte Carlo radiation-transport simulations. Experiments were performed with the HAXPES spectrometer at the PETRA III high-brilliance beamline P22 at DESY (Hamburg, Germany) for photon energies just below and above each of the gold L-edges, i.e., at 11.9 keV, 12.0 keV, 13.7 keV, 13.8 keV, 14.3 keV, and 14.4 keV. The data were analyzed to obtain the absolute values of the particle radiance of the emitted electrons per incident photon flux. Simulations of the experiment were performed using the Monte Carlo radiation-transport codes Penelope and Geant4. Comparison of the measured and simulated results shows good qualitative agreement. When simulation results are convolved with curves that take into account the effect of lifetime broadening, line shapes of photoelectron and Auger peaks similar to those observed experimentally are obtained. On an absolute scale, the experiments tend to give higher electron radiance values at the lower photon energies studied as well as at the higher photon energies for electron energies below the energy of the Au L3 photoelectron. This is attributed to the linear polarization of the photon beam in the experiments which is not considered in the simulation codes.
description: Revised manuscript after peer review, 13 pages, 9 figures
On the no-gap second-order optimality conditions for a non-smooth semilinear elliptic optimal control
Creators: name: Nhu, Vu Huu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 49K20, 49J20, 35J25, 35J61, 35J91, 90C48

description: This work is concerned with second-order necessary and sufficient optimality conditions for optimal control of a non-smooth semilinear elliptic partial differential equation, where the nonlinearity is the non-smooth max-function and thus the associated control-to-state operator is in general not Gâteaux-differentiable. In addition to standing assumptions, two main hypotheses are imposed. The first one is the Gâteaux-differentiability at the considered control of the objective functional and it is precisely characterized by the vanishing of an adjoint state on the active set. The second one is a structural assumption on the 'almost' active sets, i.e., the sets of all points at which the values of the interested state are 'close' to the non-differentiability point of the max-function. We then derive a 'no-gap' theory of second-order optimality conditions in terms of an abstract curvature functional, i.e., for which the only change between necessary or sufficient second-order optimality conditions is between a strict and non strict inequality.
title: Different pharynx closure techniques in laryngectomy as a risk for pharyngocutaneous fistula
Creators: name: Todorova, Blagovesta
name: Ivanova, Darina
name: Sapundzhiev, Nikolay
name: Petrov, Petar
name: Balev, Boyan
name: Mutafova, Emanuela
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Introduction: One of the most frequent and troublesome complication following laryngectomy is pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF). There are a lot of different risk factors for PCF suspected and evaluated, but only few proven.    Objective: Evaluation the role of different pharynx closure techniques on [for full text, please go to the a.m. URL]
description: 87. Jahresversammlung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie
Geometric Loss for Deep Multiple Sclerosis lesion Segmentation
Creators: name: Zhang, Hang
name: Zhang, Jinwei
name: Wang, Rongguang
name: Zhang, Qihao
name: Gauthier, Susan A.
name: Spincemaille, Pascal
name: Nguyen, Thanh D.
name: Wang, Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions occupy a small fraction of the brain volume, and are heterogeneous with regards to shape, size and locations, which poses a great challenge for training deep learning based segmentation models. We proposed a new geometric loss formula to address the data imbalance and exploit the geometric property of MS lesions. We showed that traditional region-based and boundary-aware loss functions can be associated with the formula. We further develop and instantiate two loss functions containing first- and second-order geometric information of lesion regions to enforce regularization on optimizing deep segmentation models. Experimental results on two MS lesion datasets with different scales, acquisition protocols and resolutions demonstrated the superiority of our proposed methods compared to other state-of-the-art methods.
description: 5 pages, three figures
title: EGF+TGFβ1-induzierte mesenchymale Transition in HPV-positiven und HPV-negativen Plattenepithelkarzinomzellen korreliert mit einer Alteration von cyclin D1 und MMP-2
Creators: name: Umbreit, Claudia
name: Hörmann, Karl
name: Aderhold, Christoph
name: Wenzel, Angela
name: Schultz, Johannes David
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Einleitung: Plattenepithelkarzinome (SCC) stellen 90% der Kopf-Hals-Malignome dar. Humanes Papillomavirus (HPV)-negative Tumoren weisen eine wesentlich schlechtere Prognose auf als HPV-positive Tumoren. Durch die epitheliale-mesenchymale Transition (EMT), ein sequenzieller Transitionsprozess während[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 87. Jahresversammlung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie
Thixotropy in Viscoplastic Drop Impact on Thin Films
Creators: name: Sen, Samya
name: Morales, Anthony G.
name: Ewoldt, Randy H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use high-speed imaging to study the effect of thixotropic aging in drop impact of yield-stress fluids on pre-coated substrates. Our results reveal that drop splashing is suppressed for "aged" compared to "unaged" samples, indicating that thixotropic breakdown timescales during impact are long enough to affect the dynamics. We propose and test several hypotheses for modifying the dimensionless group ${\rm IF}(D/t)$ [1,2] to account for thixotropic aging. The main challenge is that the steady flow properties (Herschel-Bulkley model parameters) used in the current dimensionless group cannot be defined or measured for thixotropically aged samples, because any deformation inherently rejuvenates and breaks down the microstructure. We find the most suitable hypothesis is to only increase the yield stress ($σ_{\rm y}$, plastic component) based on the storage modulus of aged samples, while keeping the viscous parameters ($K$ or $η_{\infty}$) constant. The work reveals fundamental insight into rarely studied short-timescale flow conditions with thixotropic effects. These results are important for applications such as fire suppression or spray coating that involve complex fluids of varying degrees of thixotropic aging.
title: Osteoradionekrose des Sternoklavikulargelenks
Creators: name: Von Schnurbein, Gioia
name: Seidl, Rainer O.
name: Todt, Ingo
name: Ernst, Arneborg
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Einleitung: Die Osteoradionekrose des Sternoklavikulargelenks ist eine seltene Komplikation nach Strahlentherapie im Kopf- und Halsbereich.    Methoden: Wir führten eine monozentrische retrospektive Studie durch, unter Einbezug aller Patienten, welche in den letzten 5 Jahren an unserer Klinik aufgrund[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 87. Jahresversammlung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie
title: Aktivierung des Hypoxiesignalwegs in HPV-assoziierten Kopf-Hals-Karzinomen (HNSCC) durch den Hypoxie-induzierten Faktor 1α (HIF1α)
Creators: name: Wagner, Steffen
name: Knuth, Jennifer
name: Sharma, Shachi Jenny
name: Holler, Claudia
name: Wittekindt, Claus
name: Garvalov, Boyan
name: Acker, Till
name: Klußmann, Jens Peter
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Einleitung: Durch Aktivierung des Hypoxie-induzierten Faktors 1α (HIF1α) wird die Transkription einer Reihe von Genen induziert, durch die unter hypoxischen Bedingungen beispielsweise Glykolyse und Angiogenese aktiviert wird. Unter normoxischen Bedingungen wird in vielen soliden Tumoren [zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 87. Jahresversammlung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie
Low-mass dilepton production through transport process in quark-gluon plasma
Creators: name: Akamatsu, Yukinao
name: Hamagaki, Hideki
name: Hatsuda, Tetsuo
name: Hirano, Tetsufumi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We attempt to understand the low-mass dielectron enhancement observed by PHENIX Collaboration at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) by transport peak in the spectral function. On the basis of the second-order formalism of relativistic dissipative hydrodynamics, we parameterize the spectral function in low-frequency and long-wavelength region by two transport coefficients, electric diffusion coefficient $D$ and relaxation time $τ_{\rm J}$, and compared our theoretical dielectron spectra with the experimental data. We study spectrum of dielectrons produced in relativistic heavy ion collisions by using the profile of matter evolution under full (3+1)-dimensional hydrodynamics. We find that the experimental data require the diffusion coefficient to be $D\geq 2/T$, with $T$ being temperature. Our analysis shows that dielectrons emitted through transport process mainly come from high-temperature QGP phase.
description: 26 pages, 16 figures
Equation of state of hard-disk fluids under single-file confinement
Creators: name: Montero, Ana M.
name: Santos, Andrés
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The exact transfer-matrix solution for the longitudinal equilibrium properties of the single-file hard-disk fluid is used to study the limiting low- and high-pressure behaviors analytically as functions of the pore width. In the low-pressure regime, the exact third and fourth virial coefficients are obtained, which involve single and double integrals, respectively. Moreover, we show that the standard irreducible diagrams do not provide a complete account of the virial coefficients in confined geometries. The asymptotic equation of state in the high-pressure limit is seen to present a simple pole at the close-packing linear density, as in the hard-rod fluid, but, in contrast to the latter case, the residue is $2$. Since, for an arbitrary pressure, the exact transfer-matrix treatment requires the numerical solution of an eigenvalue integral equation, we propose here two simple approximations to the equation of state, with different complexity levels, and carry out an extensive assessment of their validity and practical convenience vs the exact solution and available computer simulations.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures, 4 appendices; v3: minor changes
title: Multidisciplinary tumor boards and head and neck cancer database management: killing two birds with one stone
Creators: name: Wee, Hide Elfrida
name: Mueller, Stefan
name: Bin Abdul Karim, Khairul Anwar
name: Thakshayeni, Skanthakumar
name: Iyer, Narayanan Gopalakrishna
name: Tan, Ngian Chye
name: Tay, Gerald
name: Bte Sudirman, Siti Radhziah
name: Hiang Khoon, Tan
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Introduction: Multidisciplinary tumour boards (MTB) are essential in cancer management. Likewise, database management is necessary for retrospective studies and hospital audits.      Preparing a patient’s case summary for MTB is tedious and is only second to that of data entry into a cancer database[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL]
description: 87. Jahresversammlung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie
Decomposing Chemical Space: Applications to the Machine Learning of Atomic Energies
Creators: name: Kjeldal, Frederik Ø.
name: Eriksen, Janus J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply a number of atomic decomposition schemes across the standard QM7 dataset -- a small model set of organic molecules at equilibrium geometry -- to inspect the possible emergence of trends among contributions to atomization energies from distinct elements embedded within molecules. Specifically, a recent decomposition scheme of ours based on spatially localized molecular orbitals is compared to alternatives that instead partition molecular energies on account of which nuclei individual atomic orbitals are centred on. We find these partitioning schemes to expose the composition of chemical compound space in very dissimilar ways in terms of the grouping, binning, and heterogeneity of discrete atomic contributions, e.g., those associated with hydrogens bonded to different heavy atoms. Furthermore, unphysical dependencies on the one-electron basis set are found for some, but not all of these schemes. The relevance and importance of these compositional factors for training tailored neural network models based on atomic energies are next assessed. We identify both limitations and possible advantages with respect to contemporary machine learning models and discuss the design of potential counterparts based on atoms and the intrinsic energies of these as the principal decomposition units.
description: 21+7 pages, 6 figures. SI as an ancillary file. Version 2: All PhysNet-based results are now based on NN models trained on a combination of atomic and molecular energies (as opposed to only the former in Version 1). SI also updated with a total of four figures
title: Untersuchung zur HPV-bedingten Gen-Methylierung bei Kopf-Hals-Karzinomen anhand eines Grundlagenmodells
Creators: name: Weiß, Daniel
name: Böcker, Armin Julius
name: Rudack, Claudia
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Einleitung: Im Rahmen der durch Humane Papillomviren (HPV) bedingten Karzinogenese kommt es sowohl zu genetischen als auch epigenetischen Veränderungen, wie z.B. der Gen-Methylierung. Bislang ist nicht geklärt, durch welche Mechanismen HPV eine Methylierung auslöst, und welchen Stellenwert[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 87. Jahresversammlung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie
title: Einfluss von Metformin, Metronidazol und Statinen auf das Überleben von Patienten mit fortgeschrittenem Larynxkarzinom
Creators: name: Wetterauer, David
name: Steffen, Sander
name: Olze, Heidi
name: Böttcher, Arne
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Einleitung: Über den antikanzerogenen Effekt von Metformin und Statinen liegen bereits wenige retrospektive Studien vor. Ziel dieser Studie war es, bei Laryngektomiepatienten einen Einfluss dieser Medikamente auf das Überleben nachzuweisen.    Methoden: Wir untersuchten retrospektiv 54 Patienten,[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 87. Jahresversammlung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie
Wavelength-independent performance of femtosecond laser dielectric ablation spanning over three octaves
Creators: name: Garcia-Lechuga, Mario
name: Utéza, Oliver
name: Sanner, Nicolas
name: Grojo, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultrafast laser breakdown of wide bandgap dielectrics is today a key for major technologies ranging from 3D material processing in optical materials to nanosurgery. However, a contradiction persists between the strongly nonlinear character of energy absorption and the robustness of processes to the changes of the bandgap/wavelength ratio depending on applications. While various materials and bandgaps have been studied, we concentrate here the investigations on the spectral domain with experiments performed with wavelength drivers varied from deep-ultraviolet (258 nm) to mid-infrared (3.5 $μ$m). The measured fluence thresholds for single shot ablation in dielectrics using 200-fs pulses exhibit a plateau extending from the visible domain up to 3.5-$μ$m wavelength. This is accompanied, after ablation crater analysis, by a remarkable invariance of the observed ablation precision and efficiency. Only at the shortest tested wavelength of 258 nm, a twofold decrease of the ablation threshold and significant changes of the machining depths are detected. This defines a lower spectral limit of the wavelength-independence of the ablation process. By comparison with simulations, avalanche ionization coefficients are extracted and compared with those predicted with the Drude model. This must be beneficial to improve predictive models and process engineering developments exploiting the new high-power ultrafast laser technologies emitting in various spectral domains.
Discovery of a parsec-scale bipolar nebula around MWC 349A
Creators: name: Gvaramadze, V. V.
name: Menten, K. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of a bipolar nebula around the peculiar emission-line star MWC 349A using archival Spitzer Space Telescope 24 um data. The nebula extends over several arcminutes (up to 5 pc) and has the same orientation and geometry as the well-known subarcsecond-scale (~400 times smaller) bipolar radio nebula associated with this star. We discuss the physical relationship between MWC 349A and the nearby B0 III star MWC 349B and propose that both stars were members of a hierarchical triple system, which was ejected from the core of the Cyg OB2 association several Myr ago and recently was dissolved into a binary system (now MWC 349A) and a single unbound star (MWC 349B). Our proposal implies that MWC 349A is an evolved massive star (likely a luminous blue variable) in a binary system with a low-mass star. A possible origin of the bipolar nebula around MWC 349A is discussed.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in A&A