cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
(370) James MacAndrew
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Multilevel Measures of Education and Pathways to Incident Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 in Adolescent Girls and Young Women in South Africa
Creators: name: Tollman, S.
name: Twine, R.
name: Kahn, K.
name: Pettifor, A.
name: MacPhail, C.
name: Laeyendecker, O.
name: Neilands, T.B.
name: Stoner, M.C.D.
name: Ahern, J.
name: Gómez-Olivé, F.X.
name: Lippman, S.A.
name: Hughes, J.P.
Publisher: name: Elsevier USA
Year: 2019

description: Purpose: Schooling is associated with a lower risk of Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) in adolescent girls and young women, but there is little understanding of the pathways underlying this relationship. Methods: We used data from adolescent girls and young women in South Africa enrolled in the HIV Prevention Trials Network 068 study. We tested a structural equation model where individual household and community education measures were associated directly and indirectly with incident HSV-2 through HIV knowledge, future aspirations, age-disparate partnerships, sex in the last 12 months, and condomless sex. Results: Community, household, and individual measures of schooling were all associated with incident HSV-2 infection through mediated pathways that increased the likelihood of having sex. Low school attendance (<80% of school days) increased the likelihood of having sex through increased age-disparate partnerships and reduced future aspirations. Fewer community years of education increased the likelihood of having sex through increased age-disparate partnerships. Parental education level was indirectly associated with HSV-2 overall, although we could not identify the individual pathways that were responsible for this association. Conclusions: Community and individual schooling interventions may reduce the risk of HSV-2 infection by influencing the likelihood of having sex, partner age, and future aspirations.
SPF-CellTracker: Tracking multiple cells with strongly-correlated moves using a spatial particle filter
Creators: name: Hirose, Osamu
name: Kawaguchi, Shotaro
name: Tokunaga, Terumasa
name: Toyoshima, Yu
name: Teramoto, Takayuki
name: Kuge, Sayuri
name: Ishihara, Takeshi
name: Iino, Yuichi
name: Yoshida, Ryo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Tracking many cells in time-lapse 3D image sequences is an important challenging task of bioimage informatics. Motivated by a study of brain-wide 4D imaging of neural activity in C. elegans, we present a new method of multi-cell tracking. Data types to which the method is applicable are characterized as follows: (i) cells are imaged as globular-like objects, (ii) it is difficult to distinguish cells based only on shape and size, (iii) the number of imaged cells ranges in several hundreds, (iv) moves of nearly-located cells are strongly correlated and (v) cells do not divide. We developed a tracking software suite which we call SPF-CellTracker. Incorporating dependency on cells' moves into prediction model is the key to reduce the tracking errors: cell-switching and coalescence of tracked positions. We model target cells' correlated moves as a Markov random field and we also derive a fast computation algorithm, which we call spatial particle filter. With the live-imaging data of nuclei of C. elegans neurons in which approximately 120 nuclei of neurons are imaged, we demonstrate an advantage of the proposed method over the standard particle filter and a method developed by Tokunaga et al. (2014).
description: 14 pages, 6 figures
(371) MacAndrew
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Stochastic gravitational wave background phenomenology in a pulsar timing array
Creators: name: Bernardo, Reginald Christian
name: Ng, Kin-Wang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pulsar timing offers an independent avenue to test general relativity and alternative gravity theories. This requires an understanding of how metric polarizations beyond the familiar transverse tensor ones imprint as a stochastic gravitational wave background and correlate the arrival time of radio pulses from a pair of millisecond pulsars. In this work, we focus on an isotropic stochastic gravitational wave background and present a straightforward, self-contained formalism for obtaining the power spectrum and the overlap reduction function, the relevant physical observable in a pulsar timing array, for generic gravitational degrees of freedom featuring both transverse and longitudinal modes off the light cone. We additionally highlight our consideration of finite pulsar distances, which we find significant in two ways: first, making all the modes well defined, and second, keeping the small scale power that is contained by pulsars of subdegree separations in the sky. We discuss this for tensor, vector, and scalar polarizations, for each one focusing on the angular power spectrum and the overlap reduction function for an isotropic stochastic gravitational wave background. Our results pave the road for an efficient numerical method for examining the gravitational wave induced spatial correlations across millisecond pulsars in a pulsar timing array.
description: 28 pages, 5 figures, discussion improved, to appear in PRD, see implementation `PTAfast' https://github.com/reggiebernardo/PTAfast
Community collective efficacy is associated with reduced physical intimate partner violence (IPV) incidence in the rural province of Mpumalanga, South Africa: Findings from HPTN 068
Creators: name: Lippman, S.A.
name: Ahern, J.
name: Leddy, A.M.
name: Delong, S.M.
name: Pettifor, A.E.
name: MacPhail, C.
name: Gómez-Olivé, F.X.
name: Twine, R.
name: Neilands, T.B.
name: Kahn, K.
Publisher: name: BMJ Publishing Group
Year: 2019

description: Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a human rights violation and is associated with a variety of adverse physical and mental health outcomes. Collective efficacy, defined as mutual trust among community members and willingness to intervene on the behalf of the common good, has been associated with reduced neighbourhood violence. Limited research has explored whether community collective efficacy is associated with reduced incidence of IPV. This is of particular interest among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in sub-Saharan Africa, where the burden of HIV is greatest and IPV is common. Methods We collected longitudinal data among 2533 AGYW (ages 13-20) enrolled in the HPTN 068 cohort in Mpumalanga province, South Africa between 2011 and 2016. We included participants from 26 villages where community surveys were collected during the HPTN 068 study. Collective efficacy was measured at the village level via two population-based cross-sectional surveys in 2012 and 2014. Multivariable Poisson generalised estimating equation regression models estimated the relative risk ratio (RR) between village collective efficacy scores and subsequent physical IPV 12 month incidence, adjusting for village-level clustering and covariates. Results Thirty-eight per cent of the cohort (n=950) reported at least one episode of recent physical IPV during follow-up. For every SD higher level of collective efficacy, there was a 6% lower level of physical IPV incidence (adjusted RR: 0.94;95% CI 0.89 to 0.98) among AGYW after adjusting for covariates. Conclusions Community-level interventions that foster the development of collective efficacy may reduce IPV among AGYW.
Additional file 2 of Prothrombin complex concentrate for reversal of oral anticoagulants in patients with oral anticoagulation-related critical bleeding: a systematic review of randomised clinical trials
Creators: name: Ovesen, Christian
name: Purrucker, Jan
name: Grundtvig, Josefine
name: Mikkelsen, Theis Bech
name: Gluud, Christian
name: Jakobsen, Janus Christian
name: Christensen, Hanne
name: Steiner, Thorsten
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 2.
(372) Georgina Bruce [MacAndrew] Bruce
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Extreme Gradient Boosting for Yield Estimation compared with Deep Learning Approaches
Creators: name: Huber, Florian
name: Yushchenko, Artem
name: Stratmann, Benedikt
name: Steinhage, Volker
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Accurate prediction of crop yield before harvest is of great importance for crop logistics, market planning, and food distribution around the world. Yield prediction requires monitoring of phenological and climatic characteristics over extended time periods to model the complex relations involved in crop development. Remote sensing satellite images provided by various satellites circumnavigating the world are a cheap and reliable way to obtain data for yield prediction. The field of yield prediction is currently dominated by Deep Learning approaches. While the accuracies reached with those approaches are promising, the needed amounts of data and the ``black-box'' nature can restrict the application of Deep Learning methods. The limitations can be overcome by proposing a pipeline to process remote sensing images into feature-based representations that allow the employment of Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) for yield prediction. A comparative evaluation of soybean yield prediction within the United States shows promising prediction accuracies compared to state-of-the-art yield prediction systems based on Deep Learning. Feature importances expose the near-infrared spectrum of light as an important feature within our models. The reported results hint at the capabilities of XGBoost for yield prediction and encourage future experiments with XGBoost for yield prediction on other crops in regions all around the world.
description: 31 pages, 5 figures - Preprint submitted to Computers and Electronics in Agriculture
(367) Mary Kean
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
SUR UNE NOUVELLE ESPÈCE DE POLYCHÈTE SPHAERODORIDIUM COMMENSALIS, n.gen., n. spec. (Polychaeta Errantia, famille des SPHAERODORIDAE) VIVANT EN COMMENSAL DE TEREBELLIDES STROEMI SARS
Creators: name: LÜTZEN, Jörgen
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1961

description: A remarkable association, most correctly designated as commensalism, is described between Terebellides stroemi and a small polychaete of thef amily Sphaerodoridae. A description is given of the commensal species which is new to science, together with some scattered observations on the commensal-host relation; the habitat of the commensal seems to be the tentacle crown of the host and it most probable feeds on the food particles strolled along the tentacles.
The taxonomy of the Sphaerodoridae is revised with the conclusion that there exist two distinct genera, one of which for nomenclatural reasons should have its name changed, and it is proposed to employ the name Sphaerodoridium for this genus which among others includes the commensal species.
Time to strengthen HIV treatment and prevention for youth
Creators: name: Pettifor, A.
name: Delany-Moretlwe, S.
name: Filiatreau, L.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Ltd
Year: 2019

description: In The Lancet HIV, Mhairi Maskew and colleagues use data from a large national laboratory database in South Africa to examine trends in access to public sector HIV treatment programmes by children and adolescents aged 1–19 years between 2005 and 2016. The authors should be congratulated for highlighting important findings using national data in this often under-examined population, information that is needed to mount a national response. The authors report a ten times increase in the number of adolescents with viral load data, suggestive of antiretroviral therapy (ART) use, between 2005–08 and 2013–16. Prevention of mother-to-child transmission has worked remarkably well, with patients starting ART steadily decreasing since 2011 among patients aged 1–14 years. However, in line with global trends, the authors also identified large gaps in ART initiation among adolescents with presumed horizontal infection; less than half of patients seeking care aged 15–19 years started ART.
title: Geologicaly-sourced H2 exploration: pathfinders, tools, and methods
Creators: name:  Truche ,  Laurent
name:  Donze ,  Frédéric-Victor
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2021

description: Recently, the growing demand for carbon-free energy has sparked an unprecedented interest in naturally occurring H2, as it could represent a potential alternative resource to fossil fuels. Throughout the world, and since more than one century, numerous natural H2-bearing geological fluids have been discovered, but to date, there is neither exploration strategy nor any resource assessment, as practical guidelines for hydrogen targeting are still missing. Here, we lay the foundation of a preliminary exploration guide based on a global ‘source-transport-accumulation’ understanding of H2-concentrating process and a combination of techniques and data used for both conventional petroleum and mining exploration. Based on different case studies, belonging to contrasted geological settings, we will provide the first elementary bricks to evaluate the sources, migration and trapping of H2 in the Earth’s crust.
ÉTUDE DE BIOTOPES A SCROBICULARIA PLANA DA COSTA
Creators: name: GUÉRIN, Michel
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1961

description: The author studied many biotopes with Scrobicularia plana around Roscoff.
Some facies of sandy-muddy strands and some estuarine facies are described here. Their levels are high but the surface of the sediment remains always damp at low tide.
The ecological conditions of these facies (granulometry and chemical characters, physical characters of the interstitial waters, macrofauna associated with them) are determined. The granulometrical diagrams of the sediments with Scrobicularia show constant maxima but the importance of the fine elements varies much and a biotope with Scrobicularia should not be defined by a high mud content.
The interstitial water, with a variable oxygenation, is characterized by a strong disposition to lowering salinity, besides this one may be extreme. Because of their high euryhalinity, Scrobicularia can live in media whose salinity is temporarily or constantly lowered. Scrobicularia plana must be placed between the species of the properly brackish faunas and those of the properly marine ones as is also the case of Nereis diversicolor and Corophium valutator, two species most often associated with Scrobicularia.
Laboratory trials and experiences on the spot show that adult Scrobicularia can always burrow but they do very slowly, particularly in gravels and clay.
Because of their own ecological conditions, the spots with Scrobicularia of the Aber are very different from the neighbouring facies with Arenicola. An attempt of general interpretation of the conditions is proposed.
Prevalence and Associations, by Age Group, of IPV Among AGYW in Rural South Africa
Creators: name: Julien, A.
name: Selin, A.
name: DeLong, S.M.
name: Kahn, K.
name: MacPhail, C.
name: Pettifor, A.
name: Hamilton, E.L.
name: Hughes, J.P.
name: Agyei, Y.
name: Twine, R.
Publisher: name: SAGE Publications Inc.
Year: 2019

description: The prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) is alarmingly high among South African adolescent girls and young women (AGYW). Limited data exist exploring how IPV prevalence and its risk factors differ by age. Study data were from the baseline visit of HPTN 068, a randomized controlled trial (RCT) conducted from 2011 to 2015 in Mpumalanga, South Africa. A cohort of 2,533 AGYW, aged 13 years to 20 years, answered survey questions on demographics and behaviors, including their experiences of physical and sexual violence ever and in the past 12 months. We calculated the prevalence of IPV and related risk factors, as well as prevalence ratios with 95% confidence intervals, stratified by age. Nearly one quarter (19.5%, 95% CI = [18.0, 21.2]) of AGYW experienced any IPV ever (physical or sexual) by a partner. The prevalence of any IPV ever among AGYW aged 13 years to 14 years, 15 years to 16 years, and 17 years to 20 years was 10.8%, 17.7%, and 32.1%, respectively. Key variables significantly associated with any IPV ever across all age groups included borrowing money from someone outside the home in the past 12 months, ever having had vaginal sex, ever having had anal sex, and consuming any alcohol. Few statistically significant associations were unique to specific age groups. The history of IPV among the youngest AGYW is a critical finding and should be a focus of prevention efforts.
An overview of the EXTraS project: Exploring the X-ray Transient and Variable Sky
Creators: name: De Luca, A.
name: Salvaterra, R.
name: Tiengo, A.
name: D'Agostino, D.
name: Watson, M. G.
name: Haberl, F.
name: Wilms, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The EXTraS project (Exploring the X-ray Transient and variable Sky) will harvest the hitherto unexplored temporal domain information buried in the serendipitous data collected by the European Photon Imaging Camera (EPIC) instrument onboard the ESA XMM-Newton X-ray observatory since its launch. This will include a search for fast transients, as well as a search and characterization of variability (both periodic and aperiodic) in hundreds of thousands of sources spanning more than nine orders of magnitude in time scale and six orders of magnitude in flux. X-ray results will be complemented by multiwavelength characterization of new discoveries. Phenomenological classification of variable sources will also be performed. All our results will be made available to the community. A didactic program in selected High Schools in Italy, Germany and the UK will also be implemented. The EXTraS project (2014-2016), funded within the EU/FP7 framework, is carried out by a collaboration including INAF (Italy), IUSS (Italy), CNR/IMATI (Italy), University of Leicester (UK), MPE (Germany) and ECAP (Germany).
description: 6 pages, 1 figure. Proceedings of "Swift: 10 years of Discovery", to appear in PoS
Additional file 4 of Prothrombin complex concentrate for reversal of oral anticoagulants in patients with oral anticoagulation-related critical bleeding: a systematic review of randomised clinical trials
Creators: name: Ovesen, Christian
name: Purrucker, Jan
name: Grundtvig, Josefine
name: Mikkelsen, Theis Bech
name: Gluud, Christian
name: Jakobsen, Janus Christian
name: Christensen, Hanne
name: Steiner, Thorsten
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 4.
Process elements contributing to community mobilization for HIV risk reduction and gender equality in rural South Africa
Creators: name: Kahn, K.
name: Maman, S.
name: Gómez-Olivé, X.
name: Treves-Kagan, S.
name: Hill, L.M.
name: Twine, R.
name: Lippman, S.A.
name: Pettifor, A.
name: Khoza, N.
name: Peacock, D.
name: Rebombo, D.
name: Selin, A.
name: MacPhail, C.
name: DeLong, S.M.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2019

description: Community mobilization has been recognized as a critical enabler for HIV prevention and is employed for challenging gender inequalities. We worked together with community partners to implement the ‘One Man Can’ intervention in rural Mpumalanga, South Africa to promote gender equality and HIV risk reduction. During the intervention, we conducted longitudinal qualitative interviews and focus group discussions with community mobilizers (n = 26), volunteer community action team members (n = 22) and community members (n = 52) to explore their experience of being part of the intervention and their experiences of change associated with the intervention. The objective of the study was to examine processes of change in community mobilization for gender equity and HIV prevention. Our analysis showed that over time, participants referred to three key elements of their engagement with the intervention: developing respect for others; inter-personal communication; and empathy. These elements were viewed as assisting them in adopting a ‘better life’ and associated with behaviour change in the intervention’s main focus areas of promoting gender equality and HIV risk reduction behaviours. We discuss how these concepts relate to the essential domains contained within our theoretical framework of community mobilization—specifically critical consciousness, shared concerns and social cohesion -, as demonstrated in this community. We interpret the focus on these key elements as significant indicators of communities engaging with the community mobilization process and initiating movement towards structural changes for HIV prevention.
(368) James Brody
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Maximal coin-position entanglement generation in a quantum walk for the third step and beyond regardless of the initial state
Creators: name: Fang, Xiao-Xu
name: An, Kui
name: Zhang, Bai-Tao
name: Sanders, Barry C.
name: Lu, He
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study maximal coin-position entanglement generation via a discrete-time quantum walk, in which the coin operation is randomly selected from one of two coin operators set at each step. We solve maximal entanglement generation as an optimization problem with quantum process fidelity as the cost function. Then we determine the maximal entanglement that can be rigorously generated for any step beyond the second regardless of initial condition with appropriate coin sequences. The simplest coin sequence comprising Hadamard and identity operations is equivalent to the generalized elephant quantum walk, which exhibits an increasingly faster spreading in terms of probability distribution. Experimentally, we demonstrate a ten-step quantum walk driven by such coin sequences with linear optics, and thereby show the desired high-dimensional bipartite entanglement as well as the transport behavior of faster spreading.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures. Comments are welcome
title: The experience of involuntary childlessness in the Presbyterian Church in Ireland
Creators: name: Bates, Alistair Meredith
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 2021

description: The Presbyterian Church in Ireland (PCI) has, to some degree, acknowledged pastoral concern regarding infertility, yet its impact on the lives of its congregants has never been sufficiently investigated. Therefore, this study sought to explore the lived experiences of PCI parishioners contending with involuntary childlessness; to examine the level of hurt and disconnectedness that may have occurred, as well as to identify some of the associated contributing factors; and to evaluate the perceptions and practices of both clergy and laity regarding the act of baptism and its impact on the congregational life of those experiencing childlessness. In seeking to achieve these objectives, a qualitative study was undertaken via a series of in-depth semi-structured interviews with 14 parishioners and the administering of a short questionnaire to a select group of clergy. The major findings revealed that, not only had PCI failed to provide the pastoral care expected by the congregants, but also that parishioners experience significant feelings of emotional distress. Many parishioners felt excluded by family-based activities, rituals, and calendar events within the Church and that, overall, their needs were largely unmet by the ecclesiastical authorities. Based on these findings it was proposed that more inclusive covenant communities could be formed by viewing ecclesiology through the lens of eschatology. Among the recommendations were the need for greater pastoral awareness and theological training on the topic, adjustments also being made to the baptismal liturgies which cause discomfort to many infertile congregants, and the provision of relevant resources.
(369) Mary Kean
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Zero-frequency supercurrent susceptibility signatures of trivial and topological zero-energy states in nanowire junctions
Creators: name: Baldo, Lucas
name: Da Silva, Luis G. G. V. Dias
name: Black-Schaffer, Annica M.
name: Cayao, Jorge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a method to distinguish between trivial and topological, Majorana, zero-energy states in both short and long superconductor-normal-superconductor junctions based on Rashba nanowires using phase-biased equilibrium transport measurements. In particular, we show how the sawtooth profile of the supercurrent, due to the Majorana oscillation suppression in the topological phase for sufficiently long superconductor regions, leads to a strong signal in its zero-frequency susceptibility for a phase difference of $ϕ=π$. This signal is notably insensitive to the chemical potential in the normal region, while trivial zero-energy states only causes signals in the susceptibility that is highly varying with the chemical potential, thus turning gating of the normal region into a simple experimental control knob. Furthermore, we obtain that, by tuning the junction transparency, critical currents in both short and long junctions undergo a reduction in the number of oscillations as a function of magnetic field only in the topological phase, an effect that find to be intimately linked to Majorana non-locality. Finally, we show that our results also hold at finite temperatures, thus highlighting their potential measurability under realistic experimental conditions.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures. Published version
ECCRINIDES DE CRUSTACÉS RÉCOLTÉS SUR LES CÔTES DU FINISTÈRE (Eccrinella corophii n.sp., Palavascia spheromae Tuz. et Man., Toeniella carcini Lég. et Dub., Arundinula sp.)
Creators: name: MANIER, Jehanne-Françoise
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1961

description: This study has permitted us to describe a new species of Eccrinella, E. corophii from the host Corophiumvolutator; to discover in Portunuspuber,Pilumnus Hirtellus and Xantho pilipes three new microbiotopes favorable for the development of Toeniellacarcini, and in Eupagurusbernhardus a new host of the genus Arundinula. We have been able to include in the diagnosis of the genus Toeniella the presence of « mixed » thalli. Schématisation of the different cycles points out the unity of the group Eccrinida.
ALETHEIA: Hunting for Low-mass Dark Matter with Liquid Helium TPCs
Creators: name: Liao, Junhui
name: Gao, Yuanning
name: Jiang, Zhen
name: Liang, Zhuo
name: OuYang, Zebang
name: Peng, Zhaohua
name: Zhang, Fengshou
name: hang, Lei
name: Zhou, Jiangfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dark Matter (DM) is one of the most critical questions to be understood and answered in fundamental physics today. Observations with varied astronomical and cosmological technologies strongly indicated that DM exists in the Universe, the Milky Way, and the Solar System. Nevertheless, understanding DM under the language of elementary physics is still in progress. DM direct detection tests the interactive cross-section between galactic DM particles and an underground detector's nucleons. Although Weakly Interactive Massive Particles (WIMPs) are the most discussed DM candidates, the null-WIMPs conclusion has been consistently addressed by the most convincing experiments in the field. Relatively, the low-mass WIMPs region ($\sim$ 10 MeV/c$^2$ - 10 GeV/c$^2$) has not been fully exploited compared to high-mass WIMPs ($\sim$ 10 GeV/c$^2$ - 10 TeV/c$^2$). The ALETHEIA (A Liquid hElium Time projection cHambEr In dArk matter) experiment aims to hunt for low-mass WIMPs with liquid helium-filled TPCs (Time Projection Chambers). In this paper, we go through the physics motivation of the project, the detector's design, the R\&D plan, and the progress we have made since the project has been launched in the summer of 2020.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2203.07901, arXiv:2103.02161
Multi-vector energy diagram, Great Britain; daily resolution
Creators: name: Wilson, Grant
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: energy data

description: This slidepack is produced as an aid to teaching and learning, as a reference of Great Britain’s recent energy transition, and an indication of the challenges ahead. Version 1.0.2 now includes a slide that shows the amount of gas in storage on the same chart as the demand for gas, electricity and liquid fuels
The role of psychological capital in first-year computer science students’ retention from a threshold concepts perspective
Creators: name: Van Rooij-Peiman, Annette
Publisher: name: Lancaster University
Year: 2020
Subjects: higher education
retention
computer science
student experience

description: Globally, student retention is a concern in computer science (CS) study programmes. Using a qualitative longitudinal case study, this research explores how psychological capital (PsyCap) and its factors: self-efficacy, optimism, hope and resilience influence first-year computer science students’ experiences and retention from a threshold concepts (TC) perspective. The longitudinal case study contained three rounds of semi-structured interviews that were conducted with a group of 16 first-year computer science students from a Dutch university of applied sciences. The aim was to gain insights into their PsyCap and experiences in relation to student retention. In each interview round a different graphic elicitation method was applied, both as an interview stimulus and as an additional data source. Meyer and Land’s TC (2006c) provided an overarching framework to enable comparisons between the participants’ PsyCap and their experiences. The findings report on what I refer to as troublesome experiences of participants, which are a combination of troublesome knowledge (Perkins, 1999), skills and emotions, that relate mainly to students’ academic integration. In navigating liminality across TC, the identified participant groups: leavers, persisters and stayers reached different levels of success in crossing thresholds, leading to differences in their transformation towards becoming a CS student and potentially a (future) computer scientist. Findings reveal that the affective elements of the troublesome experiences influenced the participants’ psychological capital and vice versa. The interplay between individual factors, self-efficacy, hope and resilience appeared important in the participants’ retention, with hope being the main driver. The findings led to the development of an explanatory model for transition to higher education from a TC perspective. This research showed that many personal and academic variables influence participants’ troublesome experiences and these experiences influence their efforts to navigate liminality. Fostering the development of self-efficacy, hope and resilience in students could improve their transformation into successful computer science students.
title: Smarte Sicherungslogik für das Stellwerk der nächsten Generation
Creators: name: Düpmeier, Frederik
Publisher: name: UNSPECIFIED
Year: 2022

description: Kapazitätssteigerungen, eine höhere Pünktlichkeit und eine Steigerung der Rollout-Geschwindigkeit von innovativen Technologien im Bereich der Leit- und Sicherungstechnik gehören zu den zentralen Herausforderungen, vor denen die Eisenbahn als Kernbaustein einer nachhaltigen Mobilität steht. Hierzu wird medial und auch in der Fachwelt der Einführung des Europäischen Zugbeeinflussungssystems ETCS eine wichtige Rolle zugesprochen. Erste Praxiserfahrungen zeigen jedoch, dass die isolierte Einführung von ETCS zur Erzielung der gewünschten positiven Effekte auf den Eisenbahnbetrieb nicht ausreichend ist. Stattdessen muss die Leit- und Sicherungstechnik im Systemverbund weiterentwickelt werden. Neben beispielsweise einer hinreichend genauen Ortung und einer leistungsfähigen Kommunikationstechnologie ist auch eine optimierte Sicherungslogik im Stellwerk, die optimal auf die Anforderung der zukünftigen Systemlandschaft abgestimmt ist, von zentraler Bedeutung. Die Sicherungslogik ist dabei für die sichere und effiziente Zuweisung von Infrastrukturressourcen an Zugfahrten verantwortlich und überwacht sicherheitskritische Zustandsänderungen auf Seiten der Eisenbahninfrastruktur. Im Rahmen dieser Doktorarbeit wurde ein Ansatz für eine solche „smarte“ Sicherungslogik unter der Bezeichnung „smartLogic“ von Grund auf (Grüne Wiese) systematisch entwickelt. Die smartLogic basiert dabei auf einem generischen und topologieunabhängigen Ansatz, der es unter anderem ermöglicht, Gleise in beliebiger Ausdehnung zu belegen und freizugeben, zusätzliche Sicherheitsanforderungen zur Laufzeit der Sicherungslogik in die Logik zu integrieren und auf Basis der zur Verfügung stehenden Informationen über die aktuelle Betriebssituation risikobasiert über die Zulassung von Zugfahrten zu entscheiden. Parallel zur Arbeit ist eine pretotypische Software-Implementierung der smartLogic im Eisenbahnbetriebsfeld Darmstadt entstanden. Erste Kapazitätsuntersuchungen unter deren Nutzung zeigen, dass signifikante Zeiteinsparungen durch die smartLogic erzielbar sind, die zu einer deutlichen Erhöhung der Kapazität oder der Pünktlichkeit, insbesondere in Knotenbereichen, beitragen können.
The association between perceived household educational support and HIV risk in young women in a rural South African community (HPTN 068): A cross sectional study
Creators: name: Agyei, Y.
name: Xavier Gómez-Olivé, F.
name: MacPhail, C.
name: Kahn, K.
name: Price, J.
name: Pettifor, A.
name: Selin, A.
name: Wagner, R.G.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2019

description: Objective To characterise perceived household support for female education and the associations between educational support and HIV prevalence, HSV-2 prevalence and sexual risk behaviours. Methods This cross-sectional study used baseline survey data from the Swa Koteka HPTN 068 trial undertaken in Mpumalanga, South Africa. The study included 2533 young women aged 13–20, in grades 8–11 at baseline. HIV and HSV-2 status were determined at baseline. Information about patterns of sexual behaviour and household support for education was collected during the baseline survey. Linear regression and binary logistic regression were used to determine associations between household support for education and both biological and behavioural outcomes. Results High levels of educational support were reported across all measures. HIV prevalence was 3.2% and HSV-2 prevalence was 4.7%, both increasing significantly with age. Over a quarter (26.6%) of young women reported vaginal sex, with 60% reporting condom use at last sex. The median age of sexual debut was 16 years. Household educational support was not significantly associated with HIV or HSV-2; however, the odds of having had vaginal sex were significantly lower in those who reported greater homework supervision (OR 0.82, 95%CI: 0.72–0.94), those who engaged in regular discussion of school marks with a caregiver (OR 0.82, 95%CI: 0.71–0.95) and when caregivers had greater educational goals for the young woman (OR 0.82, 95%CI: 0.71–0.96). In contrast, greater caregiver disappointment at dropout was significantly associated with reported vaginal sex (OR 1.29, 95%CI: 1.14–1.46). Conclusion Young women in rural South Africa report experiencing high levels of household educational support. This study suggests that greater household educational support is associated with lower odds of having vaginal sex and engaging in risky sexual behaviour, though not with HIV or HSV-2 prevalence.
Evaluating the statistical similarity of neural network activity and connectivity via eigenvector angles
Creators: name: Gutzen, Robin
name: Grün, Sonja
name: Denker, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Neural systems are networks, and strategic comparisons between multiple networks are a prevalent task in many research scenarios. In this study, we construct a statistical test for the comparison of matrices representing pairwise aspects of neural networks, in particular, the correlation between spiking activity and connectivity. The "eigenangle test" quantifies the similarity of two matrices by the angles between their ranked eigenvectors. We calibrate the behavior of the test for use with correlation matrices using stochastic models of correlated spiking activity and demonstrate how it compares to classical two-sample tests, such as the Kolmogorov-Smirnov distance, in the sense that it is able to evaluate also structural aspects of pairwise measures. Furthermore, the principle of the eigenangle test can be applied to compare the similarity of adjacency matrices of certain types of networks. Thus, the approach can be used to quantitatively explore the relationship between connectivity and activity with the same metric. By applying the eigenangle test to the comparison of connectivity matrices and correlation matrices of a random balanced network model before and after a specific synaptic rewiring intervention, we gauge the influence of connectivity features on the correlated activity. Potential applications of the eigenangle test include simulation experiments, model validation, and data analysis.
Cash plus: exploring the mechanisms through which a cash transfer plus financial education programme in Tanzania reduced HIV risk for adolescent girls and young women
Creators: name: Wamoyi, J.
name: Maman, S.
name: Gichane, M.W.
name: Balvanz, P.
name: Pettifor, A.
Publisher: name: John Wiley and Sons Inc.
Year: 2019

description: Introduction: Cash transfers have been promoted as a means to reduce HIV risk for adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in sub-Saharan Africa. One of the main mechanisms whereby they are hypothesized to reduce risk is by deterring transactional sex. In this paper, we use qualitative methods to explore participant experiences, perspectives and reported behaviours of a cash transfer plus financial education programme among out of school, 15- to 23-year-old AGYWs in rural Tanzania with a focus on partner choice and transactional sex. Methods: We conducted 60 in-depth interviews (IDIs) and 20 narrative timeline interviews with participants of the PEPFAR DREAMS Sauti/WORTH+ cash transfer programme between June 2017 and July 2018. Interviews were taped, transcribed and translated from Kiswahili to English. Transcripts were coded and analysed for key themes. Results: We found that participants in a cash transfer plus programme discussed behaviours that could reduce HIV risk through decreasing their dependence on male sex partners. There appeared to be two main mechanisms for this. One, young women discussed the cash transfer providing for basic needs (e.g. food, toiletries) which appeared to reduce their dependence on male sex partners who previously provided these goods (e.g. transactional sex). This experience was more pronounced among the poorest participants. Two, young women discussed how the financial education/business development aspect of the programme empowered them to refuse some sex partners; unmarried women discussed these experiences more than married women. Social support from family and programme mentors appeared to strengthen young women's ability to successful start businesses, produce income and thus be less dependent on partners. Conclusions: The cash transfer programme may have reduced AGYW engagement in transactional sex that occurred to meet basic needs (one form of transactional sex). The financial education/business development and mentorship elements of the programme appeared important in building AGYW agency, self-esteem and future orientation which may support AGYWs in refusing unwanted sex partners. Future cash plus programmes should consider adding or strengthening financial education and job skills training, mentorship and future orientation to see stronger and perhaps sustainable outcomes for HIV prevention.
GÉNÉTIQUE DES POPULATIONS DE SPHAEROMA SERRATUM (F.). IV. Étude des populations de la Côte septentrionale
Creators: name: LEJUEZ, Robert
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1961

description: Thep olychromatism of S. serratum populations has been studied on the northern coast of Cotentin, where 21 representative specimens, including 29.673 individuals, have been gathered. These North Cotentin populations can be divided into two groups, respectively situated in the West and in the East of Cherbourg; the first of these groups bears a great ressemblance to some populations of the western coast situated in the most northern part of the peninsula.