cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Weighted Number Operators on Bernoulli Functionals and Quantum Exclusion Semigroups
Creators: name: Wang, Caishi
name: Tang, Yuling
name: Ren, Suling
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum Bernoulli noises (QBN, for short) are the family of annihilation and creation operators acting on Bernoulli functionals, which satisfy a canonical anti-commutation relation (CAR) in equal-time. In this paper, by using QBN, we first introduce a class of self-adjoint operators acting on Bernoulli functionals, which we call the weighted number operators. We then make clear spectral decompositions of these operators, and establish their commutation relations with the annihilation as well as the creation operators. We also obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for a weighted number operator to be bounded. Finally, as application of the above results, we construct a class of quantum Markov semigroups associated with the weighted number operators, which belong to the category of quantum exclusion semigroups. Some basic properties are shown of these quantum Markov semigroups, and examples are also given.
description: This article has been accepted by [Journal of Mathematical Physics]. After it is published, it will be found at https://publishing.aip.org/resources/librarians/products/journals/
Solar-Type Post-T Tauri Stars in the Nearest OB Subgroups
Creators: name: Mamajek, Eric E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I discuss results from the recent spectroscopic survey for solar-type pre-MS stars in the Lower Centaurus-Crux (LCC) and Upper Centaurus-Lupus (UCL) OB subgroups by Mamajek, Meyer, & Liebert (2002, AJ, 124, 1670). LCC and UCL are subgroups of the Sco-Cen OB association, and the two nearest OB subgroups to the Sun. In the entire survey of 110 pre-main sequence stars, there exists only one Classical T Tauri star (PDS 66), implying that only ~1% of ~1 Msun stars are still accreting at age 13$\pm$7 (1$σ$) Myr. Accounting for observational errors, the HRD placement of the pre-MS stars is consistent with the bulk of star-formation taking place within 5-10 Myr. In this contribution, I estimate conservative upper limits to the intrinsic velocity dispersions of the post-T Tauri stars in the LCC and UCL subgroups (<1.6 km/s and <2.2 km/s, respectively; 95% CL) using Monte-Carlo simulations of Tycho-2 proper motions for candidate subgroup members. I also demonstrate that a new OB subgroup recently proposed to exist in Chamaeleon probably does not.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures, to appear in proceedings for "Open Issues in Local Star Formation and Early Stellar Evolution", eds. J. Gregorio-Hetem & J. Lepine. Minor edits (5/30/03)
Current Population Statistics Do Not Favor Photoevaporation over Core-Powered Mass Loss as the Dominant Cause of the Exoplanet Radius Gap
Creators: name: Loyd, R. O. P.
name: Shkolnik, Evgenya L.
name: Schneider, Adam C.
name: Richey-Yowell, Tyler
name: Barman, Travis S.
name: Peacock, Sarah
name: Pagano, Isabella
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We search for evidence of the cause of the exoplanet radius gap, i.e. the dearth of planets with radii near $1.8\ R_\oplus$. If the cause was photoevaporation, the radius gap should trend with proxies for the early-life high-energy emission of planet-hosting stars. If, alternatively, the cause was core-powered mass loss, no such trends should exist. Critically, spurious trends between the radius gap and stellar properties arise from an underlying correlation with instellation. After accounting for this underlying correlation, we find no trends remain between the radius gap and stellar mass or present-day stellar activity as measured by near-UV emission. We dismiss the nondetection of a radius gap trend with near-UV emission because present-day near-UV emission is unlikely to trace early-life high-energy emission, but we provide a catalog of GALEX near-UV and far-UV emission measurements for general use. We interpret the nondetection of a radius gap trend with stellar mass by simulating photoevaporation with mass-dependent evolution of stellar high-energy emission. The simulation produces an undetectable trend between the radius gap and stellar mass under realistic sources of error. We conclude that no evidence, from this analysis or others in the literature, currently exists that clearly favors either photoevaporation or core powered mass loss as the primary cause of the exoplanet radius gap. However, repeating this analysis once the body of well-characterized $< 4\ R_\oplus$ planets has roughly doubled could confirm or rule out photoevaporation.
description: 27 pages, 32 figures, accepted to ApJ
Finite-difference solution of steady two-dimensional boundary-layer equations  with heat transfer
Creators: name: Mullainathan, M.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1980
Subjects: Aeronautics

description: The incompressible boundary layer equations in two dimensions, with heat transfer have been solved numerically using three different methods and the results are compared. All three methods solve these equations when the pressure distribution is prescribed on the boundary, suction or blowing at the wall and the temperature distribution at the wall. The first method is the second-order Keller's box scheme and the second method is the fourth-order scheme using the Euler-Maclurin formula to replace an integral. The proposed third scheme is also a fourth-order scheme which uses a four point formula to replace an integral. All these schemes use a variable mesh in both coordinates. When the truncation error is specified the first scheme chooses an optimum spacing in the direction normal to the wall.
MOESM1 of Impact of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection on reproductive outcomes among infertile women undergoing tubal flushing: a retrospective cohort at a fertility centre in Uganda
Creators: name: Kayiira, Anthony
name: Zaake, Daniel
name: Lwetabe, Michael
name: Sekweyama, Peter
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. The genital Chlamydia trachomatis antigen test.
Modelling Inter-temporal Differential Returns to Agricultural and Forestry Land Use using the Forest Investment and Valuation Estimator (FIVE)
Creators: name: Ryan, Mary
name: O'Donoghue, Cathal
name: Upton, Vincent
name: Phillips, Henry
name: Farrelly, Niall
name: Ryan, Mary
name: O'Donoghue, Cathal
name: Upton, Vincent
name: Phillips, Henry
name: Farrelly, Niall
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Forestry
subject: Cost Benefit Analysis
subject: Opportunity Cost
subject: Soil Productivity

description: In this paper we examine the economics of the relative return to land use in Ireland when changing from an agricultural system to forestry. To do this we have developed a cost-benefit framework to model the inter-temporal costs and benefits of forestry planting decisions relative to alternative agricultural uses for different environmental and soil conditions. We equate forest productivity to agricultural soil categories and then generate agricultural gross margins for six farm enterprises on six soil types. Using a forest valuation estimator developed for this purpose, the gross margins are included as an opportunity cost in forestry income streams on comparable sites. The results show that forestry does not compete economically with dairy enterprises on any soil type, but that forestry is more profitable than cattle and sheep across all soil types, and particularly on less productive agricultural soils.
The impact of stripped cores on the frequency of Earth-size planets in the habitable zone
Creators: name: Pascucci, I.
name: Mulders, G.
name: Lopez, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The frequency of Earth-size planets in the habitable zone of Sun-like stars, hereafter $η_\oplus$, is a key parameter to evaluate the yield of nearby Earth analogues that can be detected and characterized by future missions. Yet, this value is poorly constrained as there are no reliable exoplanet candidates in the habitable zone of Sun-like stars in the Kepler field. Here, we show that extrapolations relying on the population of small ($< 1.8\,R_\oplus$) short-period ($< 25\,$days) planets bias $η_\oplus$ to large values. As the radius distribution at short orbital periods is strongly affected by atmospheric loss, we re-evaluate $η_\oplus$ using exoplanets at larger separations. We find that $η_\oplus$ drops considerably, to values of only $\sim 5-10$%. Observations of young ($< 100$ Myr) clusters can probe short-period sub-Neptunes that still retain most of their envelope mass. As such, they can be used to quantify the contamination of sub-Neptunes to the population of Kepler short-period small planets and aid in more reliable estimates of $η_\oplus$.
The Predicted Impacts of the Proposed Greening Measures of the 2014 CAP Reform on Farming Businesses in North Cornwall
Creators: name: Brown, Matthew
name: Jones, James
name: Brown, Matthew
name: Jones, James
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Greening
subject: CAP
subject: Reform
subject: Farmer Perception

description: The aim of the study was to investigate the farm level impacts of the Greening Measures as proposed by the EU Commission under the 2014 CAP Reform across the three main farm types in North Cornwall. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 8 farmers in each category of dairy, mixed and upland farms. These aimed to determine the perceived level and nature of the impact of each of the three proposed measures: permanent pasture preservation, crop diversity and eco-focus land use. The study concluded that dairy farms would be the farm type most heavily impacted by the measures in general and in particular those that grew only one arable crop. Mixed farms were also impacted predominantly just from the permanent pasture and crop diversification elements of Greening. The investigation found that upland farms were likely to remain largely unaffected by proposed Greening Measures.
Movement of a Spherical Brownian Particle Between Infinite Parallel Plates: Hindered Dispersion and Sedimentation
Creators: name: Heil, Ann Terese
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1988
Subjects: subject: Chemical Engineering
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering
subject: Chemistry

description: The dispersion of an isolated, spherical, Brownian particle immersed in a
Newtonian fluid between infinite parallel plates is investigated. Expressions are
developed for both a 'molecular' contribution to dispersion, which arises from
random thermal fluctuations, and a 'convective' contribution, arising when a shear
flow is applied between the plates. These expressions are evaluated numerically
for all sizes of the particle relative to the bounding plates, and the method of
matched asymptotic expansions is used to develop analytical expressions for the
dispersion coefficients as a function of particle size to plate spacing ratio for small
values of this parameter.

It is shown that both the molecular and convective dispersion coefficients decrease
as the size of the particle relative to the bounding plates increase. When the
particle is small compared to the plate spacing, the coefficients decrease roughly
proportional to the particle size to plate spacing ratio. When the particle closely
fills the space between the plates, the molecular dispersion coefficient approaches
zero slowly as an inverse logarithmic function of the particle size to plate spacing
ratio, and the convective dispersion coefficent approaches zero approximately
proportional to the width of the gap between the edges of the sphere and the
bounding plates.
On The Efficiency of Management-Based Regulation: A Case Study of the UK Poultry Inspection Regime
Creators: name: Hussein, Mohamud
name: Martinez, Marian Garcia
name: Fearne, Andrew
name: Hussein, Mohamud
name: Martinez, Marian Garcia
name: Fearne, Andrew
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Efficiency
subject: management-based regulation
subject: food safety
subject: incentives
subject: panel data modelling

description: Food safety is a key policy area that has recently witnessed substantial alignment of risk profiles and regulatory interventions. More risk-based and flexible approaches to food safety controls are increasingly adopted to ensure that greater emphasis is placed upon incentives for compliance through, for example, use of preventive food safety management systems aimed at encouraging food firms to manage risk associated with their products and processes. Among the new regulatory approaches are Management-Based (MB) strategies which are implemented in food and environmental safety controls. However, there is surprisingly no published research that empirically evaluates the efficiency of the strategy in food policy areas applied. In this paper, we first develop a mixed principal-agent model to study the incentives for efficient provision of food safety under a MB regime adopted to enforce EU food hygiene legislation in the UK poultry sector. We then econometrically test the corollary propositions of the theoretical model by using rich panel data on inspection costs and compliance records for the firms governed by the regime. Findings indicate that the MB regime entails significant losses of regulatory efficiency due to sizeable economic rents appropriated by the firms through underperformance in delegated official hygiene controls.
DEVELOPMENT OF ENGLISH-SPEAKING SKILLS OF MEDICAL ACADEMIC LYCEUM STUDENTS THROUGH INTERACTIVE METHODS
Creators: name: Turayeva Nilufar Ravshanovna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: The use of interactive teaching methods has a positive effect on the development of speaking skills in a foreign language, in particular in English. The authors described modern forms, principles and methods of organizing interactive teaching of communication skills in English to medical students. This article examines the main methods of interactive teaching of speaking skills. The authors identified the strengths and weaknesses, from their point of view, in the use of interactive methods of teaching students speaking skills. It was noted that interactive classes not only contribute to improving the level of students' knowledge of English, but also develop their ability to work both independently and in a team, with a non-standard approach to solving problems. We identified the optimal interactive technologies for teaching medical students monologue and dialogic speech through interactive technologies: cooperative learning technologies, collective-group learning technologies, discussion technologies and modeling. Cooperative learning technologies used in English classes involve working in small groups and using the Carousel method. These technologies can be used in study groups with different levels of English language knowledge.

Keywords

interactive learning, monologue and dialogic speaking, medical students,

professional English, innovation, improving academic performance
MOESM2 of Impact of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection on reproductive outcomes among infertile women undergoing tubal flushing: a retrospective cohort at a fertility centre in Uganda
Creators: name: Kayiira, Anthony
name: Zaake, Daniel
name: Lwetabe, Michael
name: Sekweyama, Peter
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2. The tubal flushing procedure.
Understanding the economy-wide impacts of CAP decoupling: An assessment of alternative CGE model specifications
Creators: name: Vellinga, Nico
name: Xu, Yan
name: Roberts, Deborah
name: Vellinga, Nico
name: Xu, Yan
name: Roberts, Deborah
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Decoupling
subject: Common Agricultural Policy
subject: CGE model.

description: The paper analyses the consequences of decoupling farm support for Scottish agriculture and the wider Scottish economy. The analysis is carried out using three types of dynamic computable general equilibrium models: A recursive dynamic model and two forward-looking CGE models, one assuming physical capital is sector-specific, the other assuming such capital is mobile between sectors. The essential difference between the recursive dynamic and forward-looking models is the way in which farm households are assumed to responds to shocks. In particular, in the recursive dynamic case households only respond to past behaviour while with the forward-looking model the households equate returns across the various assets they own. Decoupling is simulated by introducing a production subsidy to land. The results illustrate that the difference between the backward-looking and the two forward-looking models lies in the response of households in the first number of years after the shock and that this can lead to different outcomes in the long-run between the three model types. Systematic sensitivity analysis suggests that the results of the backward-looking model are more uncertain, especially in later years, compared to the two forward-looking models. Future research should be aimed at improving the calibration of the models.
Coexistence of Composite-Bosons and Composite-Fermions in nu=1/2 + 1/2 Quantum Hall Bilayers
Creators: name: Simon, Steven H.
name: Rezayi, E. H.
name: Milovanovic, Milica
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In bilayer quantum Hall systems at filling fractions near nu=1/2+1/2, as the spacing d between the layers is continuously decreased, intra-layer correlations must be replaced by inter-layer correlations, and the composite fermion (CF) Fermi seas at large d must eventually be replaced by a composite boson (CB) condensate or "111 state" at small d. We propose a scenario where CBs and CFs coexist in two interpenetrating fluids in the transition. Trial wavefunctions describing these mixed CB-CF states compare very favorably with exact diagonalization results. A Chern-Simons transport theory is constructed that is compatible with experiment.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Potential for Second Generation Biofuel Feedstock from English Arable Farms
Creators: name: Glithero, N. J.
name: Ramsden, S. J.
name: Wilson, P.
name: Glithero, N. J.
name: Ramsden, S. J.
name: Wilson, P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: Meeting the EU renewable fuel targets for 2020 will require a large increase in bioenergy feedstocks. To date, first generation biofuels have been the major response to meeting these targets. However, second generation biofuels from dedicated energy crops (e.g. miscanthus) or crop residues (e.g. straw) offer potential. Based on an on-farm survey of Farm Business Survey arable farmers in England and aggregated to national levels, we estimate that 5.27 Mt of cereal straw is produced annually on these farm types, of which farmers indicated that they would be willing to sell 2.5 Mt for bioenergy purposes, provided appropriate contractual conditions meet their needs. However, only 555Kt-840Kt would be obtained from straw currently incorporated into the soil. Timeliness of crop operations and benefits to soil were cited as key reasons for incorporating straw. A ‘good price’ represents the key incentive to encourage straw baling. With respect to dedicated energy crops, 81.6% (87.7%) would not consider growing miscanthus (SRC), while respectively, 17.2% (11.9%) would consider growing and 1.2% (0.4%) were currently growing these crops. Assuming 9.29% (average percentage of arable land set-aside between 1996-2005) of their utilised agricultural area to these crops, 89,900 ha (50,700 ha) of miscanthus (SRC) would be grown on English arable farms. Land quality issues, profitability and committing land for a long period of time were cited as both negative and positive reasons for farmer decisions about their level of willingness to grow these crops. Food and fuel policies must increasingly be integrated in order to meet societal goals without generating unintended consequences.
Implications of the DAMA and CRESST experiments for mirror matter-type dark matter
Creators: name: Foot, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mirror atoms are expected to be a significant component of the galactic dark matter halo if mirror matter is identified with the non-baryonic dark matter in the Universe. Mirror matter can interact with ordinary matter via gravity and via the photon-mirror photon kinetic mixing interaction -- causing mirror charged particles to couple to ordinary photons with effective electric charge $εe$. This means that the nuclei of mirror atoms can elastically scatter off the nuclei of ordinary atoms, leading to nuclear recoils, which can be detected in existing dark matter experiments. We show that the dark matter experiments most sensitive to this type of dark matter candidate (via the nuclear recoil signature) are the DAMA/NaI and CRESST/Sapphire experiments. Furthermore, we show that the impressive annual modulation signal obtained by the DAMA/NaI experiment can be explained by mirror matter-type dark matter for $|ε| \sim 4 \times 10^{-9}$ and is supported by DAMA's absolute rate measurement as well as the CRESST/Sapphire data. This value of $|ε|$ is consistent with the value obtained from various solar system anomalies including the Pioneer spacecraft anomaly, anomalous meteorite events and lack of small craters on the asteroid Eros. It is also consistent with standard BBN.
description: minor changes, about 12 pages, 5 figures
Privatization of Crop Breeding in the UK: Lessons for Other Countries
Creators: name: Galushko, Viktoriya
name: Gray, Richard
name: Galushko, Viktoriya
name: Gray, Richard
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: crop research funding
subject: innovation
subject: privatization of research

description: In the face of higher grain prices and slowing agricultural productivity growth the G20 Ministers announced the International Wheat Initiative. In North America, the privatization of public wheat breeding programs is seen as a means foster productivity growth. This paper explores the UK experience with the privatization of wheat breeding that began with the sale of Cambridge Plant Breeding Institute to Unilever in 1987. Beginning with an economic framework, the analysis presented in this paper is based on interviews with sixteen experts currently involved in wheat research/breeding in the UK, all interviewed during the month of July 2012. Taking a snapshot of UK wheat research today, it would be easy to conclude that the UK sector made a smooth transition from public to private breeding. However, this is not the case. The UK faced many challenges in establishing an integrated wheat innovation system and has only recently developed policies and funding processes that have allowed upstream public scientists to work with small, arguably underfunded, downstream private wheat breeding industry. As policy makers around the world contemplate the privatization of crop breeding, important lessons can be drawn from the challenges and successes of the UK crop research funding model.
Investigating students' behavior and performance in online conceptual assessment
Creators: name: Wilcox, Bethany R.
name: Pollock, Steven J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Historically, the implementation of research-based assessments (RBAs) has been a driver of educational change within physics and helped motivate adoption of interactive engagement pedagogies. Until recently, RBAs were given to students exclusively on paper and in-class; however, this approach has important drawbacks including decentralized data collection and the need to sacrifice class time. Recently, some RBAs have been moved to online platforms to address these limitations. Yet, online RBAs present new concerns such as student participation rates, test security, and students' use of outside resources. Here, we report on a study addressing these concerns in both upper-division and lower-division undergraduate physics courses. We gave RBAs to courses at five institutions; the RBAs were hosted online and featured embedded JavaScript code which collected information on students' behaviors (e.g., copying text, printing). With these data, we examine the prevalence of these behaviors, and their correlation with students' scores, to determine if online and paper-based RBAs are comparable. We find that browser loss of focus is the most common online behavior while copying and printing events were rarer. We found that correlations between these behaviors and student performance varied significantly between introductory and upper-division student populations, particularly with respect to the impact of students copying text in order to utilize internet resources. However, while the majority of students engaged in one or more of the targeted online behaviors, we found that, for our sample, none of these behaviors resulted in a significant change in the population's average performance that would threaten our ability to interpret this performance or compare it to paper-based implementations of the RBA.
description: 9 pages, 0 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. PER
Revisiting the Traditional Irrigation System for Sustainability of Farm Production: Evidences from Bihar (India)
Creators: name: Sharma, Shyam Sunder Prasad
name: Kumar, U. Hemantha
name: Sharma, Shyam Sunder Prasad
name: Kumar, U. Hemantha
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: International Development
subject: Traditional
subject: Irrigation
subject: Ahar
subject: Pyne
subject: Agriculture
subject: Productivity
subject: India
subject: Bihar

description: The paper aims at to examine the approach of revitalization of the traditional irrigation system in Bihar (India). Although, the system contributes only 12 % irrigation of the total area yet its irrigation potential in 2012 is 15.44 lakh hectors constituting 7 % of the total irrigation potential. The system is self sustained and the people managed. Farming sector in the state contributes 18.12 % to the state gross domestic product in 2012 is the base of the state economy. Traditional irrigation system constitutes primarily of the system of irrigation through “Ahar-Pyne”. Ahars are reservoirs and consist of a major embankment across the line of the drainage with two side embankments running backwards up to the line of the drainage gradually losing their heights because of the gradient of the surface. “Ahar” is actually a tank which receives its supply from small rivers through diversion channel called Desiyan (a source of irrigation to ten villages) “pyne”. The system was on decline earlier due to mechanisation of irrigation but now it gains its revitalisation due to sustainable contribution in crop production and its rationale of water use efficiency practised by the marginal farmers for enhancing the farm productivity.
Works for Works: "No Rights"
Creators: name: Keeney, Gavin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Slide One of the PDF (PPT2PDF) from the successful PhD thesis defense on May 31, 2024 of the “Works for Works: ‘No Rights’” project, Postgraduate School, ZRC SAZU, Ljubljana, Slovenia. See Google Drive link for full PDF.
The Evolution of Baryon Density Fluctuations in Multi-Component Cosmological Simulations
Creators: name: Yoshida, Naoki
name: Sugiyama, Naoshi
name: Hernquist, Lars
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We critically examine how the evolution of the matter density field in cosmological simulations is affected by details of setting up initial conditions. We show that it is non-trivial to realise an initial distribution of matter in N-body/hydrodynamic simulations so that the baryon and dark matter density fluctuations and their velocities evolve consistently as theoretically predicted. We perform a set of cosmological simulations and use them to distinguish and verify an appropriate method for generating initial conditions. We show that a straightforward way of applying the Zel'dovich approximation to each component using distinct transfer functions results in an incorrect growth of density fluctuations and that it is necessary to correct velocities at the initial epoch. The unperturbed uniform particle distribution must be also generated appropriately to avoid tight coupling of the baryonic and dark matter components. We recommend using independent ``glass'' particle distributions, using distinct transfer functions for baryons and dark matter, and taking into account the difference in the velocity fields at the initialisation epoch. The proposed method will be useful for studies of the evolution of the intergalactic medium and the formation of the first cosmological objects using numerical simulations.
description: Version accepted by MNRAS. Minor typos corrected
Unveiling the physical processes that regulate Galaxy Evolution with SPICA observations
Creators: name: Spinoglio, Luigi
name: Fernández-Ontiveros, Juan A.
name: Mordini, Sabrina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To study the dust obscured phase of the galaxy evolution during the peak of the Star Formation Rate (SFR) and the Black Hole Accretion Rate (BHAR) density functions ($z = 1 - 4$), rest frame mid-to-far infrared (IR) spectroscopy is needed. At these frequencies, dust extinction is at its minimum and a variety of atomic and molecular transitions, tracing most astrophysical domains, occur. The future IR space telescope mission, SPICA, fully redesigned with its $2.5\, \rm{m}$ mirror cooled down to $T < 8\, \rm{K}$, will be able to perform such observations. With SPICA, we will: 1) obtain a direct spectroscopic measurement of the SFR and of the BHAR histories, 2) measure the evolution of metals and dust to establish the matter cycle in galaxies, 3) uncover the feedback and feeding mechanisms in large samples of distant galaxies, either AGN- or starburst-dominated, reaching lookback times of nearly 12 Gyr. SPICA large-area deep surveys will provide low-resolution, mid-IR spectra and continuum fluxes for unbiased samples of tens of thousands of galaxies, and even the potential to uncover the youngest, most luminous galaxies in the first few hundred million years. In this talk a brief review of the scientific preparatory work that has been done in extragalactic astronomy by the SPICA Collaboration will be given.
description: Contributed talk at the IAU Symp 356 "Nuclear Activity in Galaxies Across Cosmic Time", ed. M. Povic et al
Evolvement of Market Integration between EU and World Agricultural Markets
Creators: name: Feng, Siyi J.
name: Patton, Myles
name: Feng, Siyi J.
name: Patton, Myles
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: structural change
subject: cointegration
subject: Common Agricultural Policy

description: Since the MacSharry Reforms in 1992, the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) has undergone various reforms. Prominent changes include consecutive reductions in intervention prices and the replacement of a range of coupled payments with a single decoupled payment. Such changes have led production to be more market-oriented and brought internal EU prices more in line with world prices. This study firstly examines the evolvement of wheat, barley, beef and butter prices in some EU key member states (i.e. the UK and France) and market integration between these countries. In particular, given the gradual progression of the reforms potential structural breaks are taken into account and allowed to be determined endogenously. Furthermore, market integration between the EU and world markets is investigated based on results of the first stage.
Flat bands and nontrivial topological properties in an extended Lieb lattice
Creators: name: Bhattacharya, Ankita
name: Pal, Biplab
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the appearance of multiple numbers of completely flat band states in an extended Lieb lattice model in two dimensions with five atomic sites per unit cell. We also show that this edge-centered square lattice can host intriguing topologically nontrivial phases when intrinsic spin-orbit (ISO) coupling is introduced in the microscopic description of the corresponding tight-binding Hamiltonian of the system. This ISO coupling strength acts like a complex next-nearest-neighbor hopping term for this model and can be, in principle, tuned in a real-life experimental setup. In the presence of this ISO coupling, the band spectrum of the system gets gapped out, leading to nonzero integer values of the spin Chern number for different bands, indicating the nontrivial topological properties of the system. Furthermore, we show that for certain values of the ISO coupling, nearly flat bands with nonzero Chern numbers emerge in this lattice model. This opens up the possibility of realizing interesting fractional quantum spin Hall physics in this model when interaction is taken into account. This study might be very useful in an analogous optical lattice experimental setup. A possible application of our results can also be anticipated in the field of photonics using single-mode photonic waveguide networks.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in PRB
Future Evolution of Structure in an Accelerating Universe
Creators: name: Busha, Michael T.
name: Adams, Fred C.
name: Wechsler, Risa H.
name: Evrard, August E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Current cosmological data indicate that our universe contains a substantial component of dark vacuum energy that is driving the cosmos to accelerate. We examine the immediate and longer term consequences of this dark energy (assumed here to have a constant density). Using analytic calculations and supporting numerical simulations, we present criteria for test bodies to remain bound to existing structures. We show that collapsed halos become spatially isolated and dynamically relax to a particular density profile with logarithmic slope steeper than -3 at radii beyond r_200. The asymptotic form of the space-time metric is then specified. We develop this scenario further by determining the effects of the accelerating expansion on the background radiation fields and individual particles. In an appendix, we generalize these results to include quintessence.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures. Submitted to ApJ on April 23, 2003
Superfluid--Insulator Transition in Commensurate Disordered Bosonic Systems:Large-Scale Worm-Algorithm Simulations
Creators: name: Prokof'ev, Nikolay
name: Svistunov, Boris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report results of large-scale Monte Carlo simulations of superfluid--insulator transitions in commensurate 2D bosonic systems. In the case of off-diagonal disorder (quantum percolation), we find that the transition is to a gapless incompressible insulator, and its dynamical critical exponent is $z=1.65 \pm 0.2$. In the case of diagonal disorder, we prove the conjecture that rare statistical fluctuations are inseparable from critical fluctuations on the largest scales and ultimately result in the crossover to the generic universality class (apparently with $z=2$). However, even at strong disorder, the universal behavior sets in only at very large space-time distances. This explains why previous studies of smaller clusters mimicked a direct superfluid--Mott-insulator transition.
description: 6 pages, Latex, 7 figures
MOESM2 of Neuromuscular electrical stimulation in critically ill traumatic brain injury patients attenuates muscle atrophy, neurophysiological disorders, and weakness: a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Silva, Paulo
name: Marqueti, Rita
name: Livino-De-Carvalho, Karina
name: Araujo, Amaro
name: Castro, Joana
name: Silva, Vinicius
name: Vieira, Luciana
name: Souza, Vinicius
name: Dantas, Lucas
name: Cipriano, Gerson
name: Otávio Nóbrega
name: Babault, Nicolas
name: Joao Durigan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2: Table S1. Effect of NMES and bed rest on biochemical markers in critically ill patients over 14 days.
Detection of spatial correlations in an ultracold gas of fermions
Creators: name: Greiner, M.
name: Regal, C. A.
name: Ticknor, C.
name: Bohn, J. L.
name: Jin, D. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spatial correlations are observed in an ultracold gas of fermionic atoms close to a Feshbach resonance. The correlations are detected by inducing spin-changing rf transitions between pairs of atoms. We observe the process in the strongly interacting regime for attractive as well as for repulsive atom-atom interactions and both in the regime of high and low quantum degeneracy. The observations are compared with a two-particle model that provides theoretical predictions for the measured rf transition rates.
Ordinary and Viscosity-Damped MHD Turbulence
Creators: name: Cho, Jungyeon
name: Lazarian, A.
name: Vishniac, Ethan T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare the properties of ordinary strong magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence in a strongly magnetized medium with the recently discovered viscosity-damped regime. We focus on energy spectra, anisotropy, and intermittency. Our most surprising conclusion is that in ordinary strong MHD turbulence the velocity and magnetic fields show different high-order structure function scalings. Moreover this scaling depends on whether the intermittency is viewed in a global or local system of reference. This reconciles seemingly contradictory earlier results. On the other hand, the intermittency scaling for viscosity-damped turbulence is very different, and difficult to understand in terms of the usual phenomenological models for intermittency in turbulence. Our remaining results are in reasonable agreement with expectations. First, we find that our high resolution simulations for ordinary MHD turbulence show that the energy spectra are {\it compatible} with a Kolmogorov spectrum, while viscosity-damped turbulence shows a shallow $k^{-1}$ spectrum for the magnetic fluctuations. Second, a new numerical technique confirms that ordinary MHD turbulence exhibits Goldreich-Sridhar type anisotropy, while viscosity-damped MHD turbulence shows extremely anisotropic eddy structures. Finally, we show that many properties of incompressible turbulence for both the ordinary and viscosity-damped regimes carry over to the case of compressible turbulence.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures, ApJ, accepted (minor changes)
Migration and Agricultural Efficiency in Kosovo
Creators: name: Sauer, J.
name: Davidova, S.
name: Gorton, M.
name: Sauer, J.
name: Davidova, S.
name: Gorton, M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Farm Management
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: migration
subject: technical efficiency
subject: agricultural households
subject: Kosovo

description: Kosovo, like most of rural Central and Eastern Europe, has witnessed substantial out-migration in recent years, prompting debates on the effect of migration on agricultural efficiency. This paper addresses this issue, drawing on a large (n=2217) and representative sample of agricultural households. A twostage estimation procedure is followed: a frontier technique to estimate the effect of migration on farm efficiency, followed by a propensity score based matching approach to robustly estimate the sample average effect on efficiency for different levels of migration intensity. Migration has an efficiency decreasing effect which is amplified for better educated and older workers.
Uniqueness of the hyperspaces $C(p,X)$ in the class of trees
Creators: name: Corona-Vázquez, Florencio
name: Quiñones-Estrella, Russell Aarón
name: Sánchez-Martínez, Javier
name: Toalá-Enríquez, Rosemberg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 54B05, 54B20, 54F65

description: Given a continuum $X$ and $p\in X$, we will consider the hyperspace $C(p,X)$ of all subcontinua of $X$ containing $p$. Given a family of continua $\mathcal{C}$, a continuum $X\in\mathcal{C}$ and $p\in X$, we say that $(X,p)$ has unique hyperspace $C(p,X)$ relative to $\mathcal{C}$ if for each $Y\in\mathcal{C}$ and $q\in Y$ such that $C(p,X)$ and $C(q,Y)$ are homeomorphic, then there is an homeomorphism between $X$ and $Y$ sending $p$ to $q$. In this paper we study some topological and geometric properties about the structure of $C(p,X)$ when $X$ is a tree, being the main result that $(X,p)$ has unique hyperspace $C(p,X)$ relative to the class of trees.
description: 17 pages
Removal of methylene blue by new tunable aryl/alkyl ionic liquids/salts (TAAILs) from aqueous solution
Creators: name: Özdemir, Melek Canbulat
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Plant Biology

description: The removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution has been investigated using new tunable 1-aryl-2-alkyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazolium hexafluorophosphate salts ([PhRCRˈpz][PF6], R: -Cl, -Br, -Me, -OMe, Rˈ: -C2H5, or -C4H9) as an extractant and methylene chloride as a diluent. The influence of p-substituent and alkyl chain length on the removal efficiency of MB from aqueous solution was investigated. The obtained results show that MB was extracted from aqueous solution with high extraction efficiency up to 99.7 % in a very short time. The salt (4a) used for extraction of MB was recovered and reused for four runs.
Symmetric Logarithmic Derivative of Fermionic Gaussian States
Creators: name: Carollo, Angelo
name: Spagnolo, Bernardo
name: Valenti, Davide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article we derive a closed form expression for the symmetric logarithmic derivative of Fermionic Gaussian states. This provides a direct way of computing the quantum Fisher Information for Fermionic Gaussian states. Applications ranges from quantum Metrology with thermal states and non-equilibrium steady states with Fermionic many-body systems.
description: 15 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1911.10196; text overlap with arXiv:1608.02634 by other authors
MOESM1 of Neuromuscular electrical stimulation in critically ill traumatic brain injury patients attenuates muscle atrophy, neurophysiological disorders, and weakness: a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Silva, Paulo
name: Marqueti, Rita
name: Livino-De-Carvalho, Karina
name: Araujo, Amaro
name: Castro, Joana
name: Silva, Vinicius
name: Vieira, Luciana
name: Souza, Vinicius
name: Dantas, Lucas
name: Cipriano, Gerson
name: Otávio Nóbrega
name: Babault, Nicolas
name: Joao Durigan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary. Results.
Irreversible Adsorption from Dilute Polymer Solutions
Creators: name: O'Shaughnessy, Ben
name: Vavylonis, Dimitrios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study irreversible polymer adsorption from dilute solutions theoretically. Universal features of the resultant non-equilibrium layers are predicted. Two cases are considered, distinguished by the value of the local monomer-surface sticking rate Q: chemisorption (very small Q) and physisorption (large Q). Early stages of layer formation entail single chain adsorption. While single chain physisorption times tau_ads are typically microsecs, for chemisorbing chains of N units we find experimentally accessible times tau_ads = Q^{-1} N^{3/5}, ranging from secs to hrs. We establish 3 chemisorption universality classes, determined by a critical contact exponent: zipping, accelerated zipping and homogeneous collapse. For dilute solutions, the mechanism is accelerated zipping: zipping propagates outwards from the first attachment, accelerated by occasional formation of large loops which nucleate further zipping. This leads to a transient distribution omega(s) \sim s^{-7/5} of loop lengths s up to a size s_max \approx (Q t)^{5/3} after time t. By tau_ads the entire chain is adsorbed. The outcome of the single chain adsorption episode is a monolayer of fully collapsed chains. Having only a few vacant sites to adsorb onto, late arriving chains form a diffuse outer layer. In a simple picture we find for both chemisorption and physisorption a final loop distribution Omega(s) \sim s^{-11/5} and density profile c(z) \sim z^{-4/3} whose forms are the same as for equilibrium layers. In contrast to equilibrium layers, however, the statistical properties of a given chain depend on its adsorption time; the outer layer contains many classes of chain, each characterized by different fraction of adsorbed monomers f. Consistent with strong physisorption experiments, we find the f values follow a distribution P(f) \sim f^{-4/5}.
description: 18 pages, submitted to Eur. Phys. J. E, expanded discussion section