cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
An optimal estimator for the correlation of CMB anisotropies with Large Scale Structures and its application to WMAP-7year and NVSS
Creators: name: Schiavon, Francesca <1984>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2012
Subjects: FIS/05 Astronomia e astrofisica

description: In the thesis we present the implementation of the quadratic maximum likelihood (QML) method, ideal to estimate the angular power spectrum of the cross-correlation between cosmic microwave background (CMB) and large scale structure (LSS) maps as well as their individual auto-spectra. Such a tool is an optimal method (unbiased and with minimum variance) in pixel space and goes beyond all the previous harmonic analysis present in the literature. We describe the implementation of the QML method in the {\it BolISW} code and demonstrate its accuracy on simulated maps throughout a Monte Carlo. We apply this optimal estimator to WMAP 7-year and NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS) data and explore the robustness of the angular power spectrum estimates obtained by the QML method. Taking into account the shot noise and one of the systematics (declination correction) in NVSS, we can safely use most of the information contained in this survey. On the contrary we neglect the noise in temperature since WMAP is already cosmic variance dominated on the large scales. Because of a discrepancy in the galaxy auto spectrum between the estimates and the theoretical model, we use two different galaxy distributions: the first one with a constant bias $b$ and the second one with a redshift dependent bias $b(z)$. Finally, we make use of the angular power spectrum estimates obtained by the QML method to derive constraints on the dark energy critical density in a flat $\Lambda$CDM model by different likelihood prescriptions. When using just the cross-correlation between WMAP7 and NVSS maps with 1.8° resolution, we show that $\Omega_\Lambda$ is about the 70\% of the total energy density, disfavouring an Einstein-de Sitter Universe at more than 2 $\sigma$ CL  (confidence level).
Magnetic Field-Decay-Induced Electron Captures: a Strong Heat Source in Magnetar Crusts
Creators: name: Cooper, Randall L.
name: Kaplan, David L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new heating mechanism in magnetar crusts. Magnetars' crustal magnetic fields are much stronger than their surface fields; therefore, magnetic pressure partially supports the crust against gravity. The crust loses magnetic pressure support as the field decays and must compensate by increasing the electron degeneracy pressure; the accompanying increase in the electron Fermi energy induces nonequilibrium, exothermic electron captures. The total heat released via field-decay electron captures is comparable to the total magnetic energy in the crust. Thus, field-decay electron captures are an important, if not the primary, mechanism powering magnetars' soft X-ray emission.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, minor improvements, results and conclusions unchanged; accepted by ApJL
title: The role of attitudes and motivation in foreign language learning
Creators: name: Mormori, Pelagia
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2021

description: First and second/foreign language learning differ substantially in the degree of proficiency attained by the learners. Many factors have been proposed to account for this variation, foremost among which aptitude, attitudes and motivation. The present study primarily explored the possible interaction between attitudes, motivation and students' performance in English in two distinct settings. It was hypothesized that an integrative orientation and favourable attitudes are powerful incentives that can determine success in language learning. The hypothesis was tested both in the second and foreign language settings with two different populations of Greek students. The subjects for the first study were 51 Greek young adults from the University of Kent, while the subjects for the study in the foreign language context comrpised 470 Greek secondary school students, drawn from language schools in Athens. The study in Greece further examined the effect that gender and socioeconomic background could have on the students' attitudes and motivation and investigated the influence of parents on their children's attitudes and motivational orientations.
The dawn of bulges within disks with the Roman Space Telescope
Creators: name: Tacchella, Sandro
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Galaxy formation theory predicts that the star-formation activity of galaxies varies with time and that these variations are related the build of structure (e.g. bulges) within galaxies. We have pushed the Hubble Space Telescope and other instruments to their limits in order to gain detailed resolved information on ~kpc scales for normal star-forming galaxies at Cosmic Noon. Nevertheless, the physics of star-formation regulation and the buildup of structure within galaxies remain uncertain. I would like to present new observational and theoretical ideas on how to link spatially resolved information to variation in star formation on integrated scales. I will start with presenting observational constraints on the spatially resolved stellar mass buildup of high-z galaxies from dust-corrected SFR density maps. I will then discuss the connection between the distributions of star formation (including the formation bulges) within galaxies with star-formation measures on global scales. Finally, I will conclude by highlighting how we can quantify the variability of star formation from large galaxy samples, such as those obtained by the Roman Space Telescope, to constrain the lifecycle of star-forming molecular clouds and gas cycling through galaxies.
The fracture mechanics of lithium disilicate glass and glass-ceramics
Creators: name: Rao, Avaral S.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The dependence of fracture strength upon the time of loading is commonly termed static fatigue or delayed failure. This has been attributed to the growth of subcritical flaws under stress. Hence the study of subcritical crack growth is important in predicting the life expectancy of a material when it is subjected to a stress. Subcritical crack growth of glass and glass-ceramics, at room temperature and in two different environments (toluene and water) was studied. Glass containing 17.8 wt% Li₂O - 82.2 wt% SiO₂ and crystallized glasses (glass-ceramics) were chosen. The double torsion technique was used to determine crack velocity at various stress intensity factors. It was shown that the slopes of the velocity-stress intensity factor diagrams for glass and glass-ceramics (having different volume fractions of crystalline phase) tested in water, remained constant. However, these plots shifted to the higher stress-intensity region, as the degree of crystallinity in the glass increased. The crack velocity-stress intensity factor plots of glass and glass-ceramics tested in toluene have shown a similar behaviour but the slope of these plots increased as the degree of crystallinity in the glass increased. A modification of the stress- corrosion model of Hillig and Charles²³ is proposed. Crack velocity data of glass and glass-ceramics tested in water agreed well with the proposed model. Crack velocity data of glass and glass-ceramics tested in toluene are discussed.in terms of the "lattice trapping theory". An equation is presented to predict.the life expectancy under stress of these materials from crack growth data. The transverse rupture test was used to determine the fracture strength of glass and glass-ceramics. These results have shown that the fracture strength of glass-ceramics is increased mainly due to the increase in the fracture surface energy. The critical stress intensity factor of glass-ceramics increases as the degree of crystallinity increases. The fracture surface. energy of these materials was calculated from the knowledge of the critical, stress intensity factor and it was shown that the fracture surface energy of glass-ceramics containing up to 0.5 volume fraction of. crystalline phase is related to the inter-particle spacing. This observation is further substantiated by fracto-graphic examination. The kinetics of crystallization of lithium disilicate from 17.8wt% Li₂0 - 82.2 wt % Si0₂ glass was studied by crystallizing this glass at 530°C for various lengths of time. It was shown that the crystallization of lithium disilicate is a diffusion controlled reaction. It was found that the diffusivity for this process is much lower than the diffusion coefficient of lithium ion.
Quantum Loop Subalgebra and Eigenvectors of the Superintegrable Chiral Potts Transfer Matrices
Creators: name: Au-Yang, Helen
name: Perk, Jacques H. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been shown in earlier works that for Q=0 and L a multiple of N, the ground state sector eigenspace of the superintegrable tau_2(t_q) model is highly degenerate and is generated by a quantum loop algebra L(sl_2). Furthermore, this loop algebra can be decomposed into r=(N-1)L/N simple sl_2 algebras. For Q not equal 0, we shall show here that the corresponding eigenspace of tau_2(t_q) is still highly degenerate, but splits into two spaces, each containing 2^{r-1} independent eigenvectors. The generators for the sl_2 subalgebras, and also for the quantum loop subalgebra, are given generalizing those in the Q=0 case. However, the Serre relations for the generators of the loop subalgebra are only proven for some states, tested on small systems and conjectured otherwise. Assuming their validity we construct the eigenvectors of the Q not equal 0 ground state sectors for the transfer matrix of the superintegrable chiral Potts model.
description: LaTeX 2E document, using iopart.cls with iopams packages. 28 pages, uses eufb10 and eurm10 fonts. Typeset twice! Version 2: Details added, improvements and minor corrections made, erratum to paper 2 included. Version 3: Small paragraph added in introduction
The effect of vacancy-induced magnetism on electronic transport in armchair carbon nanotubes
Creators: name: Farghadan, R.
name: Saffarzadeh, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The influence of local magnetic moment formation around three kinds of vacancies on the electron conduction through metallic single-wall carbon nanotubes is studied by use of the Landauer formalism within the coherent regime. The method is based on the single-band tight-binding Hamiltonian, a surface Green's function calculation, and the mean-field Hubbard model. The numerical results show that the electronic transport is spin-polarized due to the localized magnetic moments and it is strongly dependent on the geometry of the vacancies. For all kinds of vacancies, by including the effects of local magnetic moments, the electron scattering increases with respect to the nonmagnetic vacancies case and hence, the current-voltage characteristic of the system changes. In addition, a high value for the electron-spin polarization can be obtained by applying a suitable gate voltage.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
Alignment of the CMS Silicon Tracker during Commissioning with Cosmic Rays
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The CMS silicon tracker, consisting of 1440 silicon pixel and 15148 silicon strip detector modules, has been aligned using more than three million cosmic ray charged particles, with additional information from optical surveys. The positions of the modules were determined with respect to cosmic ray trajectories to a precision of 3-4 microns RMS in the barrel and 3-14 microns RMS in the endcap in the most sensitive coordinate. The results have been validated by several methods, including the laser alignment system, and compared with predictions obtained from simulation. Correlated systematic effects have been investigated. The track parameter resolutions obtained with this alignment are close to the design performance.
Spatial variability of soil fertility attributes and productivity in a coffee crop farm
Creators: name: Ferraz, G.A.S.
name: Avelar, R.C.
name: Bento, N.L.
name: Souza, F.R.
name: Ferraz, P.F.P.
name: Damasceno, F.A.
name: Barbari, M.
Publisher: name: Agronomy Research
Year: 2019
Subjects: Precision coffee cultivation
Geostatistics
Spatial maps
Semivariograms
article

description: Coffee cultivation is of great importance to Brazilian agribusiness, as coffee occupies extensive production areas and is one of the most exported Brazilian products. To maintain coffee production numbers, productive techniques must be adopted that optimize productive system use. The objective of this work was to apply geostatistical techniques in the evaluation of soil fertility attributes to construct maps of variability in soil fertility parameters and the productivity of a coffee crop in the municipality of Monte Carmelo, Minas Gerais (MG), Brazil. The work was developed with coffee of the cultivar Mundo Novo 379/19, and 19 sample points were georeferenced in Universal Transverse Mercator coordinates. Spatial dependence of the fertility and productivity parameters was analysed via classic semivariogram fitting and interpolation by ordinary kriging using the statistical computer system, R. All parameters evaluated showed high degrees of spatial dependence. The attribute values varied along the sampling points, except for the sodium (Na) contents, which had similar values in all samplings. The studied parameters ranged from 80 to 200 metres. It is conclusion, the use of productivity maps linked to soil chemical attributes can be useful for determining the occurrence of variable productivity rates throughout the area, allowing the adoption of corrective practices for subsequent crops and thus making the maps very useful tools for producers.
$q$-exchangeability via quasi-invariance
Creators: name: Gnedin, Alexander
name: Olshanski, Grigori
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For positive $q\neq1$, the $q$-exchangeability of an infinite random word is introduced as quasi-invariance under permutations of letters, with a special cocycle which accounts for inversions in the word. This framework allows us to extend the $q$-analog of de Finetti's theorem for binary sequences---see Gnedin and Olshanski [Electron. J. Combin. 16 (2009) R78]---to general real-valued sequences. In contrast to the classical case of exchangeability ($q=1$), the order on $\mathbb{R}$ plays a significant role for the $q$-analogs. An explicit construction of ergodic $q$-exchangeable measures involves random shuffling of $\mathbb{N}=\{1,2,...\}$ by iteration of the geometric choice. Connections are established with transient Markov chains on $q$-Pascal pyramids and invariant random flags over the Galois fields.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/10-AOP536 the Annals of Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Parallel HOP: A Scalable Halo Finder for Massive Cosmological Data Sets
Creators: name: Skory, Stephen
name: Turk, Matthew J.
name: Norman, Michael L.
name: Coil, Alison L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Modern N-body cosmological simulations contain billions ($10^9$) of dark matter particles. These simulations require hundreds to thousands of gigabytes of memory, and employ hundreds to tens of thousands of processing cores on many compute nodes. In order to study the distribution of dark matter in a cosmological simulation, the dark matter halos must be identified using a halo finder, which establishes the halo membership of every particle in the simulation. The resources required for halo finding are similar to the requirements for the simulation itself. In particular, simulations have become too extensive to use commonly-employed halo finders, such that the computational requirements to identify halos must now be spread across multiple nodes and cores. Here we present a scalable-parallel halo finding method called Parallel HOP for large-scale cosmological simulation data. Based on the halo finder HOP, it utilizes MPI and domain decomposition to distribute the halo finding workload across multiple compute nodes, enabling analysis of much larger datasets than is possible with the strictly serial or previous parallel implementations of HOP. We provide a reference implementation of this method as a part of the toolkit yt, an analysis toolkit for Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) data that includes complementary analysis modules. Additionally, we discuss a suite of benchmarks that demonstrate that this method scales well up to several hundred tasks and datasets in excess of $2000^3$ particles. The Parallel HOP method and our implementation can be readily applied to any kind of N-body simulation data and is therefore widely applicable.
description: 29 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables
Stability estimates for resolvents, eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of elliptic operators on variable domains
Creators: name: Barbatis, G.
name: Burenkov, V. I.
name: Lamberti, P. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35P15, 35J25, 47A75, 47B25

description: We consider general second order uniformly elliptic operators subject to homogeneous boundary conditions on open sets $ϕ(Ω)$ parametrized by Lipschitz homeomorphisms $ϕ$ defined on a fixed reference domain $Ω$. Given two open sets $ϕ(Ω)$, $\tilde ϕ(Ω)$ we estimate the variation of resolvents, eigenvalues and eigenfunctions via the Sobolev norm $\|\tilde ϕ-ϕ\|_{W^{1,p}(Ω)}$ for finite values of $p$, under natural summability conditions on eigenfunctions and their gradients. We prove that such conditions are satisfied for a wide class of operators and open sets, including open sets with Lipschitz continuous boundaries. We apply these estimates to control the variation of the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions via the measure of the symmetric difference of the open sets. We also discuss an application to the stability of solutions to the Poisson problem.
description: 34 pages. Minor changes in the introduction and the refercenes. Published in: Around the research of Vladimir Maz'ya II, pp23--60, Int. Math. Ser. (N.Y.), vol. 12, Springer, New York 2010
The LHAASO PeVatron bright sky: what we learned
Creators: name: Cardillo, Martina
name: Giuliani, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent detection of 12 gamma-ray Galactic sources well above E > 100 TeV by the LHAASO observatory has been a breakthrough in the context of Cosmic Ray (CR) origin search. Although most of these sources are unidentified, they are often spatially correlated with leptonic accelerators, like pulsar and pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe). This dramatically affects the paradigm for which a gamma-ray detection at E > 100 TeV implies the presence of a hadronic accelerator of PeV particles (PeVatron). Moreover, the LHAASO results support the idea that sources other than the standard candidates, Supernova Remnants, can accelerate Galactic CRs. In this context, the good angular resolution of future Cherenkov telescopes, such as the ASTRI Mini-Array and CTA, and the higher sensitivity of future neutrino detectors, such as KM3NeT and IceCube-Gen2, will be of crucial importance. In this brief review, we want to summarize the efforts done up to now, from both theoretical and experimental points of view, to fully understand the LHAASO results in the context of the CR acceleration issue.
description: Accepted for the special Issue "High Energy Multi-Messenger Astrophysics: Latest Research and Reviews" of the journal "Applied Science"
Generalized density clustering
Creators: name: Rinaldo, Alessandro
name: Wasserman, Larry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study generalized density-based clustering in which sharply defined clusters such as clusters on lower-dimensional manifolds are allowed. We show that accurate clustering is possible even in high dimensions. We propose two data-based methods for choosing the bandwidth and we study the stability properties of density clusters. We show that a simple graph-based algorithm successfully approximates the high density clusters.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/10-AOS797 the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Poly(malic acid) bearing Doxorubicin and N-Acetyl Galactosamine as a site-specific prodrug for targeting hepatocellular carcinoma
Creators: name: Nivishna Venkatraj
name: M. J. Nanjan
name: Loyer, Pascal
name: M. J. N. Chandrasekar
name: Marion, Sandrine Cammas
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer

description: In the past, several systems of drug delivery carriers have been designed with a high capacity to target specific cells and/or tissues and a reduced non-specific toxicity. In this context, we synthesized and characterized novel poly(malic acid) derivatives bearing Doxorubicin (Dox), Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and/or N-Acetyl Galactosamine (NAcGal) for drug delivery. These poly(malic acid) derivatives were obtained by chemical modification of the carboxylic acid lateral groups of poly(malic acid) (PMLA). The resulting nanoplatforms were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity using the human HepaRG hepatoma cell line. Results reveal that the PMLA nanoplatform modified with PEG and Dox has an IC50 of 936 nM corresponding to a Dox concentration of 47 nM, while the grafting of NAcGal onto the nanoplatform reduced the IC50 to 527 nM corresponding to a Dox concentration of 26 nM. The presence of the targeting moiety, NAcGal, thus improves the cellular toxicity of the Dox.
Extrapolating SMBH correlations down the mass scale: the case for IMBHs in globular clusters
Creators: name: Safonova, Margarita
name: Shastri, Prajval
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Empirical evidence for both stellar mass black holes M_bh<10^2 M_sun) and supermassive black holes (SMBHs, M_bh>10^5 M_sun) is well established. Moreover, every galaxy with a bulge appears to host a SMBH, whose mass is correlated with the bulge mass, and even more strongly with the central stellar velocity dispersion sigma_c, the `M-sigma' relation. On the other hand, evidence for "intermediate-mass" black holes (IMBHs, with masses in the range 1^2 - 10^5 M_sun) is relatively sparse, with only a few mass measurements reported in globular clusters (GCs), dwarf galaxies and low-mass AGNs. We explore the question of whether globular clusters extend the M-sigma relationship for galaxies to lower black hole masses and find that available data for globular clusters are consistent with the extrapolation of this relationship. We use this extrapolated M-sigma relationship to predict the putative black hole masses of those globular clusters where existence of central IMBH was proposed. We discuss how globular clusters can be used as a constraint on theories making specific predictions for the low-mass end of the M-sigma relation.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Astrophysics and Space Science; fixed typos and a quote in Sec. 3
Demonstration of thermo-sensitive tetra-gel with implication for facile and versatile platform for a new class of smart gels
Creators: name: Matsumoto, Akira
name: Sato, Shohei
name: Sakamaki, Tomoko
name: Sanjo, Mai
name: Tabata, Miyuki
name: Tatsuro Goda
name: Taka-Aki Asoh
name: Kikuchi, Akihiko
name: Miyahara, Yuji
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Developmental Biology

description: A tertiary branched poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) with controlled molecular weight, distribution and the end amino-functionalization (tetra-PNIPAAm-NH2) was studied for the ability to form a gel via in situ chain-end reaction with a counterpart tertiary branched poly(ethyleneglycol) bearing N-hydroxysuccinimide end groups (tetra-PEG-NHS), a well-documented class of building block to yield the tetra-gel. Some of these polymers, both comparable and distinct (relative to the counterpart) extended chain length pairs, provided a self-standing and macroscopically homogeneous gel, which was capable of undergoing thermo-sensitive and reversible change in hydration in line with the nature of PNIPAAm. Phantom network model based calculation indicated that a half molar fraction of the polymer chains in the network remained unreacted, revealing further room for optimizing the reaction condition. Since such tetra-PNIPAAm based motif can be readily tailored to a variety of other physicochemical stimuli-responsive analogues, our finding may give important insight into a platform for ‘smart’ tetra-gels with exceptional mechanical properties and potentially highly controllable molecular cut-off capability.
Crystal structure informed mesoscale deformation model for HCP Cu6Sn5 intermetallic compound
Creators: name: Kunwar, Anil
name: Ma, Haoran
name: Hektor, Johan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the electronic packaging and energy storage sectors, the study of Cu6Sn5 intermetallic compound (IMC) is getting more attention. At temperatures above 186 oC, this IMC exists in a hexagonal closed packed (HCP) crystalline structure. Crystal plasticity finite element simulations are performed on Cu6Sn5 IMC by taking the information about its lattice parameters and direction dependent elastic properties. Three types of models corresponding to deformations in basal, prismatic and pyramidal modes are developed. With the same type of loading in the elastic regime and boundary conditions, the results of the computations reveal the differences in displacement magnitudes among the three model types.
The Radial Masa in a Free Group Factor is Maximal Injective
Creators: name: Cameron, Jan
name: Fang, Junsheng
name: Ravichandran, Mohan
name: White, Stuart
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46L10

description: The radial (or Laplacian) masa in a free group factor is the abelian von Neumann algebra generated by the sum of the generators (of the free group) and their inverses. The main result of this paper is that the radial masa is a maximal injective von Neumann subalgebra of a free group factor. We also investigate tensor products of maximal injective algebras. Given two inclusions $B_i\subset M_i$ of type $\mathrm{I}$ von Neumann algebras in finite von Neumann algebras such that each $B_i$ is maximal injective in $M_i$, we show that the tensor product $B_1\ \bar{\otimes}\ B_2$ is maximal injective in $M_1\ \bar{\otimes}\ M_2$ provided at least one of the inclusions satisfies the asymptotic orthogonality property we establish for the radial masa. In particular it follows that finite tensor products of generator and radial masas will be maximal injective in the corresponding tensor product of free group factors.
description: 25 Pages, Typos corrected and exposition improved
Self-assembled nanogel of cholesterol-bearing xyloglucan as a drug delivery nanocarrier
Creators: name: Shin-Ichi Sawada
name: Yukawa, Hiroko
name: Takeda, Shigeo
name: Sasaki, Yoshihiro
name: Akiyoshi, Kazunari
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Xyloglucan (XG) is a multibranched polysaccharide consisting of a main chain β-1,4-glucan with xylose and galactose side chains. In this study, cholesterol-bearing XG (CHXG) was synthesized by the reaction of XG with cholesteryl N-(6-isocyanatohexyl) carbamate. The CHXG molecules self-assembled in water to form nanogels consisting of about 100 molecules of XG, and were characterized using light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. The number of cholesteryl groups per physical cross-linking site was estimated using a fluorescence quenching method. The resulting CHXG nanogels could be complexed with molecules of low molecular weight, such as iodine and paclitaxel, making the nanogels useful as drug carriers. The CHXG nanogels could also be specifically internalized by hepatocytes via the galactose receptors on their cell surface. CHXG self-assembled nanogels may be suitable as novel drug nanocarriers with galactose-specific targetability.
Lagrangian approach for the study of heat transfer in a nuclear reactor core using the SPH methodology
Creators: name: Pahuamba-Valdez, F.
name: Mayoral-Villa, E.
name: Alvarado-Rodriguez, C. E.
name: Klapp, J.
name: Goomez-Torres, A. M.
name: Del Valle-Gallegos, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Numerical modeling simulations and the use of high-performance computing are fundamental for detailed safety analysis, control and operation of a nuclear reactor, allowing the study and analysis of problems related to thermal-hydraulics, neutronic, and the dynamic of fluids that are involved in these systems. In this work, we introduce the basis for the implementation of the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) approach to analyze heat transfer in a nuclear reactor core. Heat transfer by means of convection is of great importance in many engineering applications and especially in the analysis of heat transfer in nuclear reactors. As a first approach, the natural convection in the gap (space that exists between the fuel rod and the cladding) can be analyzed helping to reduce uncertainty in such calculations that usually relies on empirical correlations while using other numerical tools. The numerical method developed in this work was validated while comparing the results obtained in previous numerical simulations and experimental data reported in the literature showing that our implementation is suitable for the study of heat transfer in nuclear reactors. Numerical simulations were done with the DualSPHysics open source code that allows performing parallel calculations using different numbers of cores. The current implementation is a version written in CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture) that allows also the use of GPU processors (Graphics Processor Unit) to accelerate the calculations in parallel using a large number of cores contained in the GPU. This makes it possible to analyze large systems using a reasonable computer time. The obtained results verified and validated our method and allowed us to have a strong solver for future applications of heat transfer in nuclear reactors fuel inside the reactor cores.
description: 20 pages, 12 figures, 10th International Conference on Supercomputing in Mexico, ISUM 2019
Morphology, structure and growth kinetics of bainite plates in the β' phase of A Ag-45 AT. PCT Cd Alloy
Creators: name: Kostić, Miodrag Miloš
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The morphology of bainite plates and widmanstätten needles formed in ordered bcc β* phase of a Ag-45 at. pct Cd alloy at temperatures 160-320° C was studied by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Both precipitate forms were similar in appearance to precipitates reported for Cu-Zn alloys. The structure of the bainite plates in the various stages of their growth was studied by X-ray diffraction and by transmission electron microscopy. Initially, the plates formed with a 3R stacking fault modulation of the fee structure and contained a high density of random stacking faults. The stacking faults annealed out during a prolonged isothermal treatment and the structure gradually changed to a regular fee. The orientation relationship between the bcc matrix and the fcc bainite was as follows: [111]b 0.7° from [011]f, [110]b 1.1° from [100]f and [011]b 4.3° from the stacking fault plane pole [111]f. The habit plane of the bainite plates, determined by two surface trace analysis, was close to (144)b. The surface relief of the plates was observed by the interference microscopy. It was in the form of a simple tilt indicating an invariant plane strain transformation. The features of the transformation agreed with the predictions of the Bowles-Mackenzie theory of martensite formation. The growth kinetics of both bainite plates and widmanstätten needles were measured by interrupted annealing and scanning electron microscopy. Using the bainite thickening kinetics measured at 160, 200 and 240°C, the Frank-Zener model for growth of planar precipitates, and supersaturation data obtained from the Ag-Cd metastable phase diagram enabled the effective chemical diffusivities, Deff , to be calculated for the three transformation temperatures. The results were in good agreement with the expected diffusivities. The lengthening kinetics of bainite plates at 160°C and of widmanstätten needles at 240°C were analyzed using Trivedi's model for diffusion-controlled growth. Deff obtained from the lengthening kinetics of the needles was in good agreement with the D value obtained from the thickening kinetics of the plates, indicating that widmanstätten needles lengthened and bainite plates thickened at rates controlled by volume diffusion. Bainite plates lengthened only in the early stage of growth and at a rate approximately 180 times larger than that permitted by volume diffusion. It was concluded that the morphology, structure and other characteristics of the freshly formed bainite plates were consistent with their formation by a thermally activated martensitic process.
Rapid formation of Gas Giant Planets via Collisional Coagulation from Dust Grains to Planetary Cores
Creators: name: Kobayashi, Hiroshi
name: Tanaka, Hidekazu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gas-giant planets, such as Jupiter, Saturn and massive exoplanets, were formed via the gas accretion onto the solid cores each with a mass of roughly ten Earth masses. However, rapid radial migration due to disk-planet interaction prevents the formation of such massive cores via planetesimal accretion. Comparably rapid core growth via pebble accretion requires very massive protoplanetary disks because most pebbles fall into the central star. Although planetesimal formation, planetary migration, and gas-giant core formation have been studied with much effort, the full evolution path from dust to planets are still uncertain. Here we report the result of full simulations for collisional evolution from dust to planets in a whole disk. Dust growth with realistic porosity allows the formation of icy planetesimals in the inner disk (> 10 au), while pebbles formed in the outer disk drift to the inner disk and there grow to planetesimals. The growth of those pebbles to planetesimals suppresses their radial drift and supplies small planetesimals sustainably in the vicinity of cores. This enables rapid formation of sufficiently massive planetary cores within 0.2-0.4 million years, prior to the planetary migration. Our models shows first gas giants form at 2-7 au in rather common protoplanetary disks, in agreement with the exoplanet and solar systems.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Development of a rapid in vitro tissue deadhesion system using the thermoresponsive sol-gel transition of hydroxybutyl chitosan
Creators: name: Kato, Asuka
name: Kan, Kai
name: Hiroharu Ajiro
name: Akashi, Mitsuru
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology

description: In regenerative medicine, it has become increasingly important to collect cultured tissues using non-invasive methods. Enzymatic deadhesion is normally used to collect cells, but this method cannot be used when trying to collect whole tissues in order to avoid damaging cell–cell interactions. In order to resolve this issue, a thermoresponsive culture dish with poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAAm) has been employed. This system can change its hydrophobicity depending on temperature. Thus, tissues can attach above 37 °C and be detached below 20 °C. However, the PNIPAAm system has some issues related to cost and detachment time. In this study, we developed a novel thermoresponsive detachment system using a polysaccharide derivative. We chose hydroxy butyl chitosan (HBC) as the thermoresponsive polymer because of its high biocompatibility and rapid phase transition. We developed a novel method of HBC synthesis in conditions that were milder than previously reported. We used spin-coating to make a thin coating on two kinds of culture dishes with various concentrations of HBC solution. Seeded cells attached to the surface at less than 0.5 mg/ml HBC coating concentration, and they could be successfully detached by simply lowering the temperature of the suspension dishes without enzymatic treatment; the cells took only 5–20 min to detach. To evaluate this system, we measured three metrics related to cell culturing on culture dishes: initial attachment rate, detachment rate and tissue detachment time. The study revealed that tissues could be detached faster on the suspension dishes used in this study than on PNIPAAm grafted dishes when HBC was coated at 0.5 mg/ml. We successfully developed a novel tissue detachment system using HBC. These results suggest that smart polymers may be useful in regenerative medicine.
Axion spectra and the associated x-ray spectra of low-mass stars
Creators: name: Lopes, Ilídio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For the first time, we predict the axion spectra and their associated luminosities for several low-mass stars -- one and two solar masses stars in the main sequence and post-main sequence stages of evolution. Equally, we also compute the x-ray excess emission resulting from the conversion of axions back to photons in the presence of a strong magnetic field in the envelope of these stars. Hence, a given star will have a unique axion spectrum and $L_a$ axion luminosity. And if such star has a strong magnetic field in its stellar envelope, it will also show a characteristic x-ray spectrum and $L_{aγ}$ x-ray luminosity. Such radiation will add up to the x-ray electromagnetic spectrum and $L_X$ luminosity of the star. The present study focuses on axion models with an axion-photon coupling constant, $5\;10^{-11} {\rm GeV}^{-1}$, a value just below the most recent upper limit of $6.6\;10^{-11} {\rm GeV}^{-1}$ found by CAST and IAXO helioscopes. The range of axion parameters discussed here spans many axion models' parameter space, including the DFSZ and KSVZ models. We found that axions with a mass in the range $10^{-7}$ to $10^{-5}\; {\rm eV}$ and an axion-photon coupling constant of $5\;10^{-11} {\rm GeV}^{-1}$ produce an axion emission spectra with an averaged axion energy that varies from 1 to 5 KeV, and an $L_{a}$ ranging from $10^{-6} $ to $7\;10^{-3} \;L_\odot$. We also predict that $L_{aγ}$ varies from $5\;10^{-8}$ to $10^{-5} \;L_\odot$ for stars with an averaged magnetic field of $3 \;10^{4}\;{\rm G}$ in their atmospheres. Most of these $L_{aγ}$ predictions are larger than the $L_X$ observed in some stars. Therefore, such preliminary results show the potential of the next generation of stellar x-ray missions to constrain several classes of axion models.
description: 12 pages, 1 table, 4 figures, published in PRD
Knowledge Perceived Multi-modal Pretraining in E-commerce
Creators: name: Zhu, Yushan
name: Tou, Huaixiao
name: Zhang, Wen
name: Ye, Ganqiang
name: Chen, Hui
name: Zhang, Ningyu
name: Chen, Huajun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we address multi-modal pretraining of product data in the field of E-commerce. Current multi-modal pretraining methods proposed for image and text modalities lack robustness in the face of modality-missing and modality-noise, which are two pervasive problems of multi-modal product data in real E-commerce scenarios. To this end, we propose a novel method, K3M, which introduces knowledge modality in multi-modal pretraining to correct the noise and supplement the missing of image and text modalities. The modal-encoding layer extracts the features of each modality. The modal-interaction layer is capable of effectively modeling the interaction of multiple modalities, where an initial-interactive feature fusion model is designed to maintain the independence of image modality and text modality, and a structure aggregation module is designed to fuse the information of image, text, and knowledge modalities. We pretrain K3M with three pretraining tasks, including masked object modeling (MOM), masked language modeling (MLM), and link prediction modeling (LPM). Experimental results on a real-world E-commerce dataset and a series of product-based downstream tasks demonstrate that K3M achieves significant improvements in performances than the baseline and state-of-the-art methods when modality-noise or modality-missing exists.
description: Accepted to ACM MM 2021
Demonstration of Thermo-Sensitive Tetra-Gel with Implication for Facile and Versatile Platform for a New Class of Smart Gels
Creators: name: Matsumoto, Akira
name: Sato, Shohei
name: Sakamaki, Tomoko
name: Sanjo, Mai
name: Tabata, Miyuki
name: Tatsuro Goda
name: Taka-Aki Asoh
name: Kikuchi, Akihiko
name: Miyahara, Yuji
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Developmental Biology

description: A tertiary branched poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) with controlled molecular weight, distribution and the end amino-functionalization (tetra-PNIPAAm-NH2) was studied for the ability to form a gel via in situ chain-end reaction with a counterpart tertiary branched poly(ethyleneglycol) bearing N-hydroxysuccinimide end groups (tetra-PEG-NHS), a well-documented class of building block to yield the tetra-gel. Some of these polymers, both comparable and distinct (relative to the counterpart) extended chain length pairs, provided a self-standing and macroscopically homogeneous gel, which was capable of undergoing thermo-sensitive and reversible change in hydration in line with the nature of PNIPAAm. Phantom network model based calculation indicated that a half molar fraction of the polymer chains in the network remained unreacted, revealing further room for optimizing the reaction condition. Since such tetra-PNIPAAm based motif can be readily tailored to a variety of other physicochemical stimuli-responsive analogues, our finding may give important insight into a platform for “smart” tetra-gels with exceptional mechanical properties and potentially highly controllable molecular cut-off capability.
The impact of polymorphisms in P-gp, DNA repair and folic acid metabolism genes in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients treated with thalidomide plus dexamethasone, with or without bortezomib
Creators: name: Lyzbicki, Barnaba <1983>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2012
Subjects: BIO/14 Farmacologia

description: The principle aim of this study was to investigate biological predictors of response and resistance to multiple myeloma treatment. Two hypothesis had been proposed as responsible of responsiveness: SNPs in DNA repair and Folate pathway, and P-gp dependent efflux. 
As a first objective, panel of SNPs in DNA repair and Folate pathway genes, were analyzed. It was a retrospective study in a group of 454, previously untreated, MM patients enrolled in a randomized phase III open-label study. Results show that some SNPs in Folate pathway are correlated with response to MM treatment. MTR genotype was associated with favorable response in the overall population of MM patients. However, this relation, disappear after adjustment for treatment response. When poor responder includes very good partial response, partial response and stable/progressive disease MTFHR rs1801131 genotype was associated with poor response to therapy. This relation - unlike in MTR – was still significant after adjustment for treatment response. Identification of this genetic variant in MM patients could be used as an independent prognostic factor for therapeutic outcome in the clinical practice.
In the second objective, basic disposition characteristics of bortezomib was investigated. We demonstrated that bortezomib is a P-gp substrate in a bi-directional transport study. We obtain apparent permeability rate values that together with solubility values can have a crucial implication in better understanding of bortezomib pharmacokinetics with respect to the importance of membrane transporters. Subsequently, in view of the importance of P-gp for bortezomib responsiveness a panel of SNPs in ABCB1 gene - coding for P-gp - were analyzed. In particular we analyzed five SNPs, none of them however correlated with treatment responsiveness. However, we found a significant association between ABCB1 variants and cytogenetic abnormalities. In particular, deletion of chromosome 17 and t(4;14) translocation were present in patients harboring rs60023214 and rs2038502 variants respectively.