cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The MOSDEF Survey: The Evolution of the Mass-Metallicity Relation from $z=0$ to $z\sim3.3$
Creators: name: Sanders, Ryan L.
name: Shapley, Alice E.
name: Jones, Tucker
name: Reddy, Naveen A.
name: Kriek, Mariska
name: Siana, Brian
name: Coil, Alison L.
name: Mobasher, Bahram
name: Shivaei, Irene
name: Davé, Romeel
name: Azadi, Mojegan
name: Price, Sedona H.
name: Leung, Gene
name: Freeman, William R.
name: Fetherolf, Tara
name: de Groot, Laura
name: Zick, Tom
name: Barro, Guillermo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the evolution of galaxy gas-phase metallicity (O/H) over the range $z=0-3.3$ using samples of $\sim300$ galaxies at $z\sim2.3$ and $\sim150$ galaxies at $z\sim3.3$ from the MOSDEF survey. This analysis crucially utilizes different metallicity calibrations at $z\sim0$ and $z>1$ to account for evolving ISM conditions. We find significant correlations between O/H and stellar mass ($M_*$) at $z\sim2.3$ and $z\sim3.3$. The low-mass power law slope of the mass-metallicity relation is remarkably invariant over $z=0-3.3$, such that $\textrm{O/H}\propto M_*^{0.30}$ at all redshifts in this range. At fixed $M_*$, O/H decreases with increasing redshift as dlog(O/H)/d$z=-0.11\pm0.02$. We find no evidence that the fundamental metallicity relation between $M_*$, O/H, and star-formation rate (SFR) evolves out to $z\sim3.3$, with galaxies at $z\sim2.3-3.3$ having O/H within 0.04~dex of local galaxies matched in $M_*$ and SFR on average. We employ analytic chemical evolution models to place constraints on the mass and metal loading factors of galactic outflows. The efficiency of metal removal increases toward lower $M_*$ at fixed redshift, and toward higher redshift at fixed $M_*$. These models suggest that the slope of the mass-metallicity relation is set by the scaling of the metal loading factor of outflows with $M_*$, not by the change in gas fraction as a function of $M_*$. The evolution toward lower O/H at fixed $M_*$ with increasing redshift is driven by both higher gas fraction (leading to stronger dilution of ISM metals) and higher metal removal efficiency, with models suggesting that both effects contribute approximately equally to the observed evolution. These results suggest that the processes governing the smooth baryonic growth of galaxies via gas flows and star formation hold in the same form over at least the past 12~Gyr.
description: 36 pages, 19 figures, accepted to ApJ. Main results in Figures 8, 9, 12, and 13
GIPERTONIYA  KASLLIGINI RIVOJLANISHIDA OVQATLANISHNING AHAMIYATI
Creators: name: Yusupova, Mamlakatxon
name: Abdubannoyev, Muhammadiso
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Gipertoniya rivojlanishida ko‘plab omillar rol o‘ynaydi. Eng muhimi, oziq-ovqat emas. Qon bosimi nafaqat dietaning tarkibiga, balki odamning ovqatlanish odatlariga ham ta'sir qiladi, jumladan, qanchalik tez-tez ovqat eyishi, porsiyalarning qanchalik kattaligi va qancha suyuqlik ichishi.
Thylacocephala Pinna, Arduini, Pesarini & Teruzzi 1982
Creators: name: Laville, Thomas
name: Forel, Marie-Béatrice
name: Charbonnier, Sylvain
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Thylacocephala

description: Class Thylacocephala Pinna, Arduini, Pesarini & Teruzzi, 1982
Original diagnosis (Schram 1990)
These are arthropods with a small to large bilobed carapace enclosing the entire body. Compound eyes very well developed as either large, sessile bodies situated in optic notches or as organs that virtually cover the surface of a protrudent, sac-like cephalon. Body appendages are of two types: anteriorly 3 pairs of subchelate, raptorial limbs, and posteriorly a set of from 8 to 16 pairs of apparently paddle-like limbs. Eight sets of well-developed gills are associated with the subchelate limbs. The posterior trunk is marked with pronounced pleurites, probably developed internally as an endrophragmal skeleton, associated with the posterior limbs.
Remarks
We decide not to follow the attempt of classification proposed by Schram (2014) as it has been shown to present many issues (e.g., polyphyly of Concavicarida Briggs & Rolfe, 1983 and Conchyliocarida Secrétan, 1983, problems with the definition of autapomorphies for many taxa; see Hegna et al. 2014 and Laville et al. 2021a, 2021b for detailed explanations).
description: Published as part of Laville, Thomas, Forel, Marie-Béatrice & Charbonnier, Sylvain, 2023, Re-appraisal of thylacocephalans (Euarthropoda, Thylacocephala) from the Jurassic La Voulte-sur-Rhône Lagerstätte, pp. 1-61 in European Journal of Taxonomy 898 (1) on page 10, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.898.2295, http://zenodo.org/record/8413500
A comparison between South African agricultural exports to the European union and those of other selected southern hemisphere countries
Creators: name: Adriaen, D.
name: Kleynhans, Theo E.
name: Tollens, Eric
name: Adriaen, D.
name: Kleynhans, Theo E.
name: Tollens, Eric
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: Primary Eurostat data of EU imports of agricultural products from selected southern hemisphere countries - namely, South Africa, Argentina, Chile, Australia and New Zealand - was used to compare the exports from those countries to the EU for the period 1988 to 2000. The study starts with a general overview of the total and agricultural export performance of these selected countries in a global context and their specialization indexes for food. This is followed by a comparison of the total value, total mass and value per tonne of agricultural exports to the EU and of their exploitation of seasonal differences with the northern hemisphere in terms of relative emphasis on particular product groups and value/mass ratios of their major products. Comparison is made of the impact of their location relative to EU ports in terms of transport cost and duration of trips and the efficiency of their own ports. The conclusions reached is that in order to remain competitive, South Africa will have to add value to carefully selected non-seasonal products. Seasonal production will have to expand with a sharper focus on market windows becoming narrower due to research and development conducted by both northern and southern hemisphere competitors. The overview motivates an even more aggressive research and development (R&D) programme by South African agriculture and food industries in order to remain competitive on export markets, especially given the rapidly changing environment. For example, the introduction of much faster ships which will decrease South Africa's present advantage of having the shortest distance to the EU among the other southern hemisphere competitors.
Privatising agricultural R&D, an example from the South African sugar industry
Creators: name: Nieuwoudt, T.W.
name: Nieuwoudt, W. Lieb
name: Nieuwoudt, T.W.
name: Nieuwoudt, W. Lieb
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Given demands on public funding, the question arises whether agricultural research should be the responsibility of the public or private sectors, or whether the state should play a facilitating role. These issues are studied using the management and success of R&D in the South African Sugar Industry as an example. The usual answer is that research should be publicly funded if it is a public good and privately funded if a private good. It is shown that even if aspects of research have clear public good characteristics, then it is still possible to internalise externalities. Sugar cane farmers pay a levy of about 1.0% of the value of the crop to finance their R&D package, which includes research, training and extension. The sugar growers decide on the amount of the levy themselves. A possible reason why sugar farmers agree to this levy is that a bottom-up multidisciplinary research programme is followed in which they have a direct say. Scientists from different disciplines work together on a single crop. The South African government should consider the Dutch example where the role of government has shifted from administrator of institutions to stimulator (sponsor) of research. Government should thus still play a critical role in R&D funding in South Africa and there is concern that State funding has declined. Private incentives for research may be weaker in the case of generic research with broad applications across commodities. However, in the latter case it will be expected that different commodity organisations will embark on joint projects as has happened in the past.
South Africa's Consumer Price Index for Food (CPIF): A Comparative historical view
Creators: name: Vink, Nick
name: Kirsten, Johann F.
name: Woermann, C.
name: Vink, Nick
name: Kirsten, Johann F.
name: Woermann, C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: The consumer price index was first used in 1707. In 1925 it became institutionalised when the Second International Conference of Labour Statisticians, convened by the ILO, promulgated the first international standards of measurement. These original standards have been revised three times and are currently under review. Statistics South Africa (StatsSA) compiles and disseminates different CPI aggregates, including the Consumer Price Index; the Core Index; CPIX; and the Food Price Index or CPIF. StatsSA has gone to considerable trouble in complying with international best practice in the calculation of the CPI. Nevertheless, three problems still remain, namely that StatsSA works with an unsatisfactory definition of rural areas, that no provision is planned for sales through informal sector outlets, and that no provision is made for food consumed away from home.
Farm size, land fragmentation and economic efficiency in southern Rwanda
Creators: name: Bizimana, Claude
name: Nieuwoudt, W. Lieb
name: Ferrer, Stuart R.D.
name: Bizimana, Claude
name: Nieuwoudt, W. Lieb
name: Ferrer, Stuart R.D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Productivity Analysis

description: Butare, where this study was conducted, exhibits one of the highest population densities in Rwanda. As a direct result of population growth, most peasants have small fields and land fragmentation is common. The purpose of this article is to examine the effect of land fragmentation on economic efficiency. Regression analysis shows that area operated is primarily determined by the population-land ratio, non-agricultural employment opportunities, ownership certainty and adequate information through agricultural training. Results from a block-recursive regression analysis indicate that the level of net farm income per hectare, which indirectly reflects greater economic efficiency, is determined by the area operated, use of farm information, field extension staff visits, formal education of a farm operator, and the fragmentation of land holdings. Economies of size are evident in the data. The results obtained using ridge regression support the findings of two-stage least squares. Policies should be implemented to improve the functioning of land rental markets in order to reduce land fragmentation, improve rural education and access to relevant information; and strengthen extension facilities to individual farmers.
Two-loop scalar self-energies and pole masses in a general renormalizable theory with massless gauge bosons
Creators: name: Martin, Stephen P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I present the two-loop self-energy functions for scalar bosons in a general renormalizable theory, within the approximation that vector bosons are treated as massless or equivalently that gauge symmetries are unbroken. This enables the computation of the two-loop physical pole masses of scalar particles in that approximation. The calculations are done simultaneously in the mass-independent \bar{MS}, \bar{DR}, and \bar{DR}' renormalization schemes, and with arbitrary covariant gauge fixing. As an example, I present the two-loop SUSYQCD corrections to squark masses, which can increase the known one-loop results by of order one percent. More generally, it is now straightforward to implement all two-loop sfermion pole mass computations in supersymmetry using the results given here, neglecting only the electroweak vector boson masses compared to the superpartner masses in the two-loop parts.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures. v2: typo in eq. (5.30) fixed
Weather derivatives: Concept and application for their use in South Africa
Creators: name: Geyser, J.M.
name: Geyser, J.M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Risk and Uncertainty

description: Recent innovations in energy markets suggest the possibility of addressing agricultural risk factors by issuing derivatives on weather elements. Such instruments appear particularly attractive, as asymmetric information and loss adjustment issues do not affect them. This article first describes the concept, functioning and application of weather derivatives. It then examines the feasibility of rainfall derivatives to manage agricultural production risk in South Africa by evaluating the merits of rainfall options, and suggesting an option strategy, as a yield risk management tool. The use of rainfall derivatives in South Africa is likely to increase in future as capital markets, financial institutions, insurance companies, crop insurance companies and hedge funds collectively organize themselves to share and distribute weather risks.
Four-Fluid Axisymmetric Plasma Equilibrium Model Including Relativistic Electrons and Computational Method and Results
Creators: name: Ishida, Akio
name: Peng, Y. -K. Martin
name: Liu, Wenjun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A non-relativistic multi-fluid plasma axisymmetric equilibrium model was developed recently to account for the presence of an energetic electron fluid in addition to thermal electron and ion fluids. The equilibrium formulation of a multi-fluid plasma with relativistic energetic electrons is developed and reported in this paper. Relativistic effects in a fluid model approximation can appear in two ways: due to a large macroscopic fluid velocity comparable to the speed of light and large particle's microscopic random motion which becomes significant if the temperature becomes comparable to or larger than the electron rest mass-energy. It is found that the axial component of relativistic generalized angular momentum can be used to describe relativistic axisymmetric equilibrium. The formulation is applied to a four-fluid plasma composed of a relativistic energetic electron fluid, a thermal electron fluid, and fluids of two thermal ion species (e.g. proton and boron ions). The four-fluid density expression which is consistent with the electrostatic potential is obtained and applied in the computation. An example equilibrium approximating a four-fluid plasma recently observed in a solenoid-free ECRH sustained spherical torus plasma is calculated and presented. A second equilibrium that extends the energetic electron temperature of the first example to 679keV is calculated revealing significant relativistic effects.
description: 31pages,13figures,3 tables
AdS/CFT correspondence via R-current correlation functions revisited
Creators: name: Mamedov, Shahin
name: Parvizi, Shahrokh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by realizing open/closed string duality in the work by Gopakumar [Phys. Rev. D70:025009,2004], we study two and three-point correlation functions of R-current vector fields in N=4 super Yang-Mills theory. These correlation functions in free field limit can be derived from the worldline formalism and written as heat kernel integrals in the position space. We show that reparametrizing these integrals converts them to the expected AdS supergravity results which are known in terms of bulk to boundary propagator. We expect that this reparametrization corresponds to transforming open string moduli parameterization to the closed string ones.
description: 23 pages, v2: calculations clarified, references added, v3: sections re-arranged with more explanations, 4 figures and an appendix added
Farmers' perceptions of the lay health worker on farms in the Western Cape, South Africa
Creators: name: Clarke, M.
name: Dick, J.
name: Van Zyl, H.
name: Johansson, E.
name: Clarke, M.
name: Dick, J.
name: Van Zyl, H.
name: Johansson, E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Farm Management

description: This study is focussed on farms situated in the Boland health district of the Cape Winelands, South Africa. The aim was to explore, understand, and describe the perceptions of farmers of having a trained lay health worker (LHW) on the farm. A qualitative study design was applied. Data were collected during six in-depth interviews and two focus group discussions with participating farmers. The results show that farmers remained positive about the concept of having a trained LHW on the farm, but became frustrated with the lack of recognition of their and the LHWs' contribution by the public health service. Farmers who are willing to participate and remain active are key to introducing a farm community-based LHW intervention. Sustainable LHW interventions are dependent on public health sector support and recognition of all role players.
Combined analysis of the integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect and cosmological implications
Creators: name: Giannantonio, Tommaso
name: Scranton, Ryan
name: Crittenden, Robert G.
name: Nichol, Robert C.
name: Boughn, Stephen P.
name: Myers, Adam D.
name: Richards, Gordon T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a global measurement of the integrated Sachs-Wolfe (ISW) effect obtained by cross-correlating all relevant large scale galaxy data sets with the cosmic microwave background radiation map provided by the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe. With these measurements, the overall ISW signal is detected at the ~ 4.5 sigma level. We also examine the cosmological implications of these measurements, particularly the dark energy equation of state w, its sound speed, and the overall curvature of the Universe. The flat LCDM model is a good fit to the data and, assuming this model, we find that the ISW data constrain Omega_m = 0.20 +0.19 -0.11 at the 95% confidence level. When we combine our ISW results with the latest baryon oscillation and supernovae measurements, we find that the result is still consistent with a flat LCDM model with w = -1 out to redshifts z > 1.
description: 24 pages, 15 figures. Version accepted by PRD. Improved quasar data, revised parameter constraints
Estimates of the increase in milk production due to the introduction of maize silage to a dairy farm in KwaZulu-Natal: A time series approach
Creators: name: Mkhabela, Thulasizwe S.
name: Mkhabela, Thulasizwe S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: A method involving time series modelling is provided for evaluating the effects of an abrupt intervention, such as the adoption of a new technology, when no control is available for comparative evaluation. The new technology was the introduction of maize silage into the feeding programme of a dairy farm in the midlands of KwaZulu-Natal. A model was developed using historical milk data from a nine-year period. The model was used to forecast subsequent milk production on the dairy farm had maize silage not been introduced, and these forecasts were compared with actual production after the introduction of maize silage. Milk production was more than 320,000 litres greater than forecast in ten seasons over a four-year period after the introduction of silage. During the same period, production was more than 14,000 litres less than forecast in one season, with the remaining six seasons estimated to be within 5% of observed values. This resulted in an estimated net gain of 305,668 litres of milk above the amount expected had silage not been introduced, representing an average increase in production of 18% per annum.
Measuring the performance of equity-share schemes in South African agriculture: A focus on financial criteria
Creators: name: Gray, B.C.
name: Lyne, Michael C.
name: Ferrer, Stuart R.D.
name: Gray, B.C.
name: Lyne, Michael C.
name: Ferrer, Stuart R.D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Agricultural Finance

description: This study aims to develop a robust methodology for measuring financial performance of equity-share schemes. Several studies have investigated various aspects of performance of these schemes but no single study has yet measured their performance using an objective set of criteria. Four categories of such objective criteria are proposed: poverty alleviation; empowerment and participation; institutional arrangements and governance; and financial performance. This paper focuses only on the financial performance criteria. Recognised indicators of financial performance are applied to balance sheet and income statement data provided by four equity-share schemes in the Western Cape province. This analysis highlights problems with several of the conventional ratios used to measure profitability, solvency and growth when they are applied to recently restructured farming enterprises whose 'empowerment' status attracts exceptionally high levels of debt capital to finance long-term investments. To avoid these problems it is recommended that, for equity-share schemes, profitability should be measured by the return on assets or dividend return; solvency by the debt/asset ratio; liquidity by cash flow projections; growth by changes in the (estimated) real value of shares; and workers' total returns by changes in the sum of the real wage bill, capital gains, dividends, interest and other benefits accruing to workers in aggregate.
The influence of cowpea characteristics on cowpea prices in Senegal
Creators: name: Faye, Mbene Dieye
name: Jooste, Andre
name: Lowenberg-DeBoer, James
name: Fulton, Joan R.
name: Faye, Mbene Dieye
name: Jooste, Andre
name: Lowenberg-DeBoer, James
name: Fulton, Joan R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: In examining demand for a product it is useful to think of consumers not as purchasing the product, but as purchasing its characteristics that provide utility. Consequently, it is important to measure the specific characteristics that consumers perceive as providing them with utility. In this article a hedonic pricing model is used to investigate the influence of different cowpea characteristics on cowpea prices in Senegal. The results provide valuable information for research institutions, producers, and traders. Cowpea plant breeders should emphasise large grain size as the main characteristic since buyers are willing to pay a premium for this characteristic. This should translate into higher returns on R&D. There exist differences between markets in terms of consumer preferences for testa colour and texture. The result is that sorting and grading of cowpeas according to these characteristics should increase profits, as there would be fewer discounts for undesired characteristics. The importance of adequate storage is also emphasized to protect seeds against insect damage. Finally, it appears that prices in different markets are not equally responsive to changes in the supply of cowpeas. Higher returns could hence be realized through more efficient sequencing of sales.
Drivers of innovation in the European Food Industry: Evidences from the Community Innovation Survey
Creators: name: Ciliberti, Stefano
name: Bröring, Stefanie
name: Martino, Gaetano
Publisher: name: CentMA
Year: 2015
Subjects: Innovation; food industry; cooperation; supplier integration

description: Cooperation is particularly important for innovation in the food industry. as it has traditionally been considered as a “low tech” sector. This paper analyses how different forms of cooperation affect innovation activities in the EU’s food industry. To this purpose, we analysed data at the country level drawn from the Community Innovation Survey (CIS). A random effect linear model is formulated and estimated to analyse the panel data obtained from five CIS waves. The model indicates that cooperation with universities positively affects innovative activity whereas, surprisingly, government financial support has not been an effective instrument to foster innovation.
description: International Journal on Food System Dynamics, Vol 6, No 3 (2015)
Axion-like Particles at Future Neutrino Experiments: Closing the "Cosmological Triangle"
Creators: name: Brdar, Vedran
name: Dutta, Bhaskar
name: Jang, Wooyoung
name: Kim, Doojin
name: Shoemaker, Ian M.
name: Tabrizi, Zahra
name: Thompson, Adrian
name: Yu, Jaehoon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Axion-like particles (ALPs) provide a promising direction in the search for new physics, while a wide range of models incorporate ALPs. We point out that future neutrino experiments, such as DUNE, possess competitive sensitivity to ALP signals. The high-intensity proton beam impinging on a target can not only produce copious amounts of neutrinos, but also cascade photons that are created from charged particle showers stopping in the target. Therefore, ALPs interacting with photons can be produced (often energetically) with high intensity via the Primakoff effect and then leave their signatures at the near detector through the inverse Primakoff scattering or decays to a photon pair. Moreover, the high-capability near detectors allow for discrimination between ALP signals and potential backgrounds, improving the signal sensitivity further. We demonstrate that a DUNE-like detector can explore a wide range of parameter space in ALP-photon coupling $g_{aγ}$ vs ALP mass $m_a$, including some regions unconstrained by existing bounds; the "cosmological triangle" will be fully explored and the sensitivity limits would reach up to $m_a\sim3-4$ GeV and down to $g_{aγ}\sim 10^{-8} {\rm GeV}^{-1}$.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, Journal published version
T-duality in supersymmetric theory of disordered quantum systems
Creators: name: Ossipov, A.
name: Kravtsov, V. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new super-symmetric representation for quantum disordered systems is derived. This representation is exact and is dual to that of the nonlinear sigma-model. The new formalism is tested by calculating the distribution of wave function amplitudes in the 1d Anderson model. The deviation from the distribution found for a thick wire is detected near the band center E=0.
description: 4 pages
Monitoring regional economies in Australia: why and how
Creators: name: Chapman, Paul
name: Coelho, Bruno
name: Chapman, Paul
name: Coelho, Bruno
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Monitoring
subject: regions
subject: socio-economic

description: Economic activity is inherently variable and monitoring it is a major challenge, especially in regional economies where resources are fewer and activity is more variable. Using a recent study of the Riverland region, the authors set out the information available, its limitations and means by which it may be extended. It is argued that monitoring must respond to specific needs and extend to information beyond the scope of the merely economic. It is not simply a matter of tracking commonly used economic variables but of understanding specific economic challenges and using that understanding to target economic and social information.
Post quench entropy growth in a chiral clock model
Creators: name: Nishad, Naveen
name: Santhosh, M
name: Sreejith, G J
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We numerically study quenches from a fully ordered state to the ferromagnetic regime of the chiral $\mathbb{Z}_3$ clock model, where the physics can be understood in terms of sparse domain walls of six flavors. As in the previously studied models, the spread of entangled domain wall pairs generated by the quench lead to a linear growth of entropy with time, upto a time $\ell/2v_g$ in size-$\ell$ subsystems in the bulk where $v_g$ is the maximal group velocity of domain walls. In small subsystems located in the bulk, the entropy continues to further grow towards $\ln 3$, as domain walls traverse the subsystem and increment the population of the two oppositely ordered states, restoring the $\mathbb{Z}_3$ symmetry. The latter growth in entropy is seen also in small subsystems near an open boundary in a non-chiral clock model. In contrast to this, in the case of the chiral model, the entropy of small subsystems near an open boundary saturates. We rationalize the difference in behavior in terms of qualitatively different scattering properties of domain walls at the open boundary in the chiral model. We also present empirical results for entropy growth, correlation spread, and energies of longitudinal-field-induced bound states of domain wall pairs in the chiral model.
Adaptive Governance: An Introduction and Implications for Public Policy
Creators: name: Hatfield-Dodds, Steve
name: Nelson, Rohan
name: Cook, David C.
name: Hatfield-Dodds, Steve
name: Nelson, Rohan
name: Cook, David C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: adaptive governance
subject: public policy
subject: common pool resources
subject: natural resource management
subject: wicked problems

description: Adaptive governance is a concept from institutional theory that deals with the evolution of institutions for the management of shared assets, particularly common pool resources and other forms of natural capital. This paper is the first of a set of four papers on adaptive governance, providing a brief overview of the history of the concept, the distinguishing features of the literature, and key insights provided for economists and policy advisors. We argue that adaptive governance provides an interesting lens for examining the political economy of policy responses akin to the concept of market failure within economics, but applied to wider processes of social learning and collective choice, including collective choices about the scope and structure of institutions that govern lower level choices by individuals and organizations.
Order alpha_s^2 QCD corrections to inclusive jet production in deep inelastic scattering
Creators: name: Daleo, A.
name: Sassot, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the order alpha_s^2 corrections to the single inclusive jet cross section in lepton-nucleon deep inelastic scattering. The full calculation is done analytically, in the small cone approximation, obtaining finite NLO partonic level cross sections for these processes. A detailed study of the different underlying partonic reactions is presented focusing in the size of the corrections they get at NLO accuracy, their relative weight, and the residual scale uncertainty they leave in the full cross section depending on the kinematical region explored. The dominant partonic process in very forward jet production is found to start at order alpha_s^2, being effectively a lowest order estimate, with the consequent large factorization scale uncertainty, and the likelihood of non-negligible corrections at the subsequent order in perturbation theory.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures
Structural Changes and Dairy Chain Efficiency in Italy
Creators: name: Rosa, Franco
name: Weaver, Robert D.
name: Vasciaveo, Michela
Publisher: name: CentMA
Year: 2015
Subjects: dairy chain; imperfect competition; successive oligopoly; simulation; Italy

description: The dairy chain in Italy experienced substantial structural changes during the past years. Since the introduction of milk quotas in 1984, structural changes caused by consistent reduction of dairy farms, growing brand concentration at wholesale level, and diffusion of private labels at retail level may have altered the competitive market conditions, with increasing price asymmetry and inefficiencies in price transmission. We tested this hypothesis using the McCorriston and Sheldon’s successive oligopoly model, and we gave evidences of altered price transmission and consumer’s surplus distribution along the vertical chain in the examined period.
description: International Journal on Food System Dynamics, Vol 6, No 3 (2015)
Putting theory into practice: market failure and market based instrument design
Creators: name: Whitten, Stuart M.
name: Coggan, Anthea
name: Reeson, Andrew
name: Gorddard, Russell J.
name: Whitten, Stuart M.
name: Coggan, Anthea
name: Reeson, Andrew
name: Gorddard, Russell J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: market failure
subject: market based instrument
subject: incentives

description: The use of market-based instruments (MBIs) to provide and protect ecosystem services has gained significant attention in Australia. Despite their popularity, MBIs are not appropriate for the provision of all ecosystem services. Rather, MBIs must be carefully designed given the ecosystem service outcomes desired, while meeting the needs of participants. In this paper we detail the importance of a robust theoretical structure to underpin the selection and design of an MBI. In particular, we demonstrate the role of identifying and analysing the nature of the market failures present, and their implications for instrument design. Our conclusions are illustrated using several regional MBI case studies.
The Truncated Polynomial Expansion Monte Carlo Method for Fermion Systems Coupled to Classical Fields: A Model Independent Implementation
Creators: name: Alvarez, G.
name: Sen, C.
name: Furukawa, N.
name: Motome, Y.
name: Dagotto, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A software library is presented for the polynomial expansion method (PEM) of the density of states (DOS) developed by two of the authors (N.F. and Y. M.). The library provides all necessary functions for the use of the PEM and its truncated version (TPEM) in a model independent way. The PEM/TPEM replaces the exact diagonalization of the one electron sector in models for fermions coupled to classical fields. The computational cost of the algorithm is O(N) -- with N the number of lattice sites -- for the TPEM which should be contrasted with the computational cost of the diagonalization technique that scales as O(N^4). The method is applied for the first time to a double exchange model with finite Hund coupling and also to diluted spin-fermion models.
description: To be published in Computer Physics Communications
Financial Instruments and Conflicts of Interest: Application to French Agricultural Co-operatives
Creators: name: Declerck, Francis
Publisher: name: CentMA
Year: 2015
Subjects: co-operative; agricultural co-operative ; financing ; financial instrument ; conflict of interest; shareholder

description: To finance their growth and value creation, agricultural co-operatives have at their disposal several financial instruments: equity, quasi-equity or debt. Many of these instruments are particularly innovative and have been designed specifically for co-operatives. In France, only recently have some co-operatives expanded their types of financing to include external funders through the issue of OTC- or publicly-traded securities.
Agricultural co-operatives' governance and economic projects are often misunderstood by external financial investors. The risk of conflicts of interest plays a role in these misunderstandings in the way retained earnings, returns to agricultural products brought by co-op member and returns to equity capital. Such risks are identified and answers are proposed.
description: International Journal on Food System Dynamics, Vol 6, No 4 (2015)
Business Concept as a Relational Message: Supermarket vs Independent Grocery as Competitors for Sustainability
Creators: name: Mikkola, Minna
Publisher: name: CentMA
Year: 2015
Subjects: Business concept; retail; supermarket; independent grocery; economic exchange relations; sustainability

description: The paper deals with competition for sustainability between two business concepts, the supermarket and the independent grocery, both selling local and organic food. The paper is based on Finnish case evidence with very oligopolistic retail structure and its empirical and the theoretical interest focuses on the nature of economic exchange relations of these business concepts. The study shows how the supermarket is driven by market and hierarchic as well as power relations, regarding both suppliers and consumers. The business concept includes weak choice editing and indicates ‘consumer versus producer via retailer’ set-up. The independent grocery is at its core a social and partnership based endeavour, entailing strong choice editing for sustainability through the ‘consumer cum producer via retailer’ set-up. However, the supermarket may include more local and organic food in its product range on market conditions, in need of customer management, while the grocery can expand by decentralized multiplication of its business concept. The grocery also adds a new market channel for family farmers enabling better use of local resources, thereby renewing the market. This study shows the importance of the business concept as a condition and limitation for further growth, and explains the business concept as a relational message for sustainability.
description: International Journal on Food System Dynamics, Vol 6, No 4 (2015)
Improved Program Planning Approaches Generates Large Benefits in High Risk Crop Farming
Creators: name: Musshoff, Oliver
name: Hirschauer, Norbert
name: Musshoff, Oliver
name: Hirschauer, Norbert
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: production program planning
subject: optimization
subject: uncertainty
subject: static distributions
subject: stochastic processes

description: This paper examines whether there is room for the improvement of farm program decisions through the incorporation of mathematical optimization in the practical planning process. Probing the potential for improvement, we investigate the cases of four German cash crop farms over the last six years. The formal planning approach includes a systematic time series analysis of farmspecific single gross margins and a stochastic optimization model. In order to avoid solutions that simply exceed the farmer's risk tolerance, the apparently accepted variance of the observed program's total gross margin which represents an observable reflection of the individual farmer's risk attitude is used as an upper bound in the optimization. For each of the 24 planning occasions, the formal model is used in a quasi ex-ante approach that provides optimized alternative programs. The total gross margins that could have been realized if the formally optimized programs had been implemented are then ex-post compared to those that were actually realized. We find that the farmers could have increased their total gross margins significantly if - instead of using simple routines and rules of thumb - they had used the more sophisticated formal planning model. However, we also find that the superiority of formalized planning approaches depends on the quality of statistical analysis and the resulting forecasting model. Using our approach for practical decision support implies that farmers first specify their "own" production programs without the formal planning aid. Then, an alternative program can be provided which leads to superior expected total gross margins without exceeding the farmer's accepted total gross margin variance.
Influence Strategies in South African Wine Value Chains
Creators: name: Ewert, Joachim
name: Hanf, Jon
Publisher: name: CentMA
Year: 2015
Subjects: Global Value Chains; Influence Strategies; Wine; South Africa; Upgrading

description: In development studies, the concept of a value chain is neatly connected with the process of upgrading i.e. firms are enabled to not only to act as bulk suppliers but instead to sell branded goods to (international) markets. However, the notion of upgrading has been challenged by several authors. For instance, with regard to the South African wine industry Ponte and Ewert (2009) show that a better outcome or ‘deal’ does not necessarily follow in the wake of higher value added.
Drawing on a number of detailed case studies, in this paper we investigate this conclusion in more depth. By doing so, we try to explain which paths South African producer cellars have or have not chosen, and why. As global value chain theory posits that the governance structure of value chains are of crucial importance, we will pay particular interest to the design of the chains as a success factor.
description: International Journal on Food System Dynamics, Vol 6, No 4 (2015)
Mixed-Projection Conic Optimization: A New Paradigm for Modeling Rank Constraints
Creators: name: Bertsimas, Dimitris
name: Cory-Wright, Ryan
name: Pauphilet, Jean
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a framework for modeling and solving low-rank optimization problems to certifiable optimality. We introduce symmetric projection matrices that satisfy $Y^2=Y$, the matrix analog of binary variables that satisfy $z^2=z$, to model rank constraints. By leveraging regularization and strong duality, we prove that this modeling paradigm yields tractable convex optimization problems over the non-convex set of orthogonal projection matrices. Furthermore, we design outer-approximation algorithms to solve low-rank problems to certifiable optimality, compute lower bounds via their semidefinite relaxations, and provide near-optimal solutions through rounding and local search techniques. We implement these numerical ingredients and, for the first time, solve low-rank optimization problems to certifiable optimality. Using currently available spatial branch-and-bound codes, not tailored to projection matrices, we can scale our exact (resp. near-exact) algorithms to matrices with up to 30 (resp. 600) rows/columns. Our algorithms also supply certifiably near-optimal solutions for larger problem sizes and outperform existing heuristics, by deriving an alternative to the popular nuclear norm relaxation which generalizes the perspective relaxation from vectors to matrices. All in all, our framework, which we name Mixed-Projection Conic Optimization, solves low-rank problems to certifiable optimality in a tractable and unified fashion.
description: major revision submitted to Operations Research
STROBE-cross-sectional_checklist for A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN INTERMITTENT SMEAD JONES RECTUS CLOSURE AND CONTINUOUS RECTUS CLOSURE IN MIDLINE LAPAROTOMY WOUND
Creators: name: MAHESHWARI, MAULIK
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 320226
subject: Surgery

description: STROBE-cross-sectional_checklist for A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN INTERMITTENT SMEAD JONES RECTUS CLOSURE AND CONTINUOUS RECTUS CLOSURE IN MIDLINE LAPAROTOMY WOUND
Brownfields Redevelopment in Wisconsin: A Survey of the Field
Creators: name: Wernstedt, Kris
name: Crooks, Lisa
name: Hersh, Robert
name: Wernstedt, Kris
name: Crooks, Lisa
name: Hersh, Robert
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: brownfields
subject: contamination
subject: hazardous waste
subject: regulatory reform

description: As the third paper in our three-part series on Wisconsin brownfields, this paper reports the results of a survey on the objectives of brownfields redevelopment, constraints to the redevelopment, the role of the state's Department of Natural Resources (DNR), and institutional controls. The 260 survey respondents include elected officials, staff from economic development and planning agencies, attorneys, private sector representatives, and professionals at nonprofit organizations. We find that: 1) respondents value both economic and environmental gains associated with brownfields redevelopment; 2) the high costs of cleanup are the principal barrier to brownfields redevelopment; 3) no single factor stands out as constraining DNR's ability to oversee cleanups; 4) owners are more likely to be aware of institutional controls implemented through deed restrictions than through an electronic registry; and 5) attitudes regarding changes in DNR behavior along dimensions of flexibility, fairness, knowledge, and willingness to negotiate are more rather than less positive.
Supply Chains of Products of Animal Origin: A Complex Network Model for Strategic Management
Creators: name: Nasuelli, Piero
name: Clemente, Flavia
name: Baggio, Rodolfo
name: Berruto, Remigio
name: Busato, Patrizia
Publisher: name: CentMA
Year: 2015
Subjects: Complex Networks; Supply Chains; Products of Animal Origin

description: Due to the dynamic evolution of food chains during the past years, currently available chain models are no longer able to meet the needs of operators. This article introduces a model for chain analysis which is used in an analysis of the supply chains of the entire Italian production of Animal Origin which constitute a complex network in which the actors of the agro-food system operate. The new model is innovative for two reasons: it represents many supply chains of products of animal origin from different productive species in a single model and, in addition, allows to represent the complexity of the chain network.
description: International Journal on Food System Dynamics, Vol 6, No 4 (2015)
Evolving US Food Safety Regulations and International Competitors: Implementation Dynamics
Creators: name: Nakuja, Tekuni
name: Akhand, Mahzabin
name: Hobbs, Jill E.
name: Kerr, William A.
Publisher: name: CentMA
Year: 2015
Subjects: competitiveness; food safety; implementation dynamics; international trade; regulatory burden

description: The 2011 US Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) represents a major initiative to improve food safety. The legislation mandates the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) with developing a regulatory system to implement the Act. Both domestic and foreign firms that wish to supply US consumers with food will face a considerable increase in regulatory costs. Implementation has proved challenging for the FDA leading to delays which increase investment risks for foreign suppliers, particulalry from developing countries. This paper sets out the major FSMA requirements and examines how the regulatory burden may fall on foreign versus US suppliers.
description: International Journal on Food System Dynamics, Vol 6, No 4 (2015)