cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Numerical test of the replica-symmetric Hamiltonian for the correlations of the critical state of spin glasses in a field
Creators: name: Fernandez, L. A.
name: Pemartin, I. Gonzalez-Adalid
name: Martin-Mayor, V.
name: Parisi, G.
name: Ricci-Tersenghi, F.
name: Rizzo, T.
name: Ruiz-Lorenzo, J. J.
name: Veca, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A growing body of evidence indicates that the sluggish low-temperature dynamics of glass formers (e.g. supercooled liquids, colloids or spin glasses) is due to a growing correlation length. Which is the effective field theory that describes these correlations? The natural field theory was drastically simplified by Bray and Roberts in 1980. More than forty years later, we confirm the tenets of Bray and Roberts theory by studying the Ising spin glass in an externally applied magnetic field, both in four spatial dimensions (data obtained from the Janus collaboration) and on the Bethe lattice.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, accepted in PRE
Cynomys leucurus Merriam 1890
Creators: name: Hoffmann, Robert S.
name: Anderson, Charles G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1993
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Sciuridae
Cynomys
Cynomys leucurus

description: Cynomys leucurus Merriam, 1890. N. Am. Fauna, 3:59. TYPE LOCALITY: "Fort Bridger, [Uinta Co.] Wyoming " (Merriam, 1890:33). DISTRIBUTION: SC Montana, W and C Wyoming, NE Utah, and NW Colorado (USA). COMMENTS: Subgenus Leucocrossuromys (Hall, 1981). Reviewed by Clark et al. (1971, Mammalian Species, 7) and Pizzimenti (1976).
description: Published as part of Robert S. Hoffmann & Charles G. Anderson, 1993, Order Rodentia - Family Sciuridae, pp. 419-465 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 424, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353130
description: {"references": ["Merriam, C. H. 1890. Description of a new prairie dog from Wyoming. North American Fauna, 4: 33 - 35.", "Hall, E. R. 1981. The mammals of North America. Second ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1: 1 - 600 + 90, 2: 601 - 1181 + 90.", "Clark, T. W., R. S. Hoffmann, and C. F. Nadler. 1971. Cynomys leucurus. Mammalian Species, 7: 1 - 4.", "Pizzimenti, J. J. 1976. Genetic divergence and morphological convergence in the prairie dogs, Cynomys gunnisoni and Cynomys leucurus. I. Morphological and ecological analyses. II. Genetic analyses. Evolution, 30: 345 - 366; 367 - 379."]}
Sign Bit is Enough: A Learning Synchronization Framework for Multi-hop All-reduce with Ultimate Compression
Creators: name: Wu, Feijie
name: He, Shiqi
name: Guo, Song
name: Qu, Zhihao
name: Wang, Haozhao
name: Zhuang, Weihua
name: Zhang, Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Traditional one-bit compressed stochastic gradient descent can not be directly employed in multi-hop all-reduce, a widely adopted distributed training paradigm in network-intensive high-performance computing systems such as public clouds. According to our theoretical findings, due to the cascading compression, the training process has considerable deterioration on the convergence performance. To overcome this limitation, we implement a sign-bit compression-based learning synchronization framework, Marsit. It prevents cascading compression via an elaborate bit-wise operation for unbiased sign aggregation and its specific global compensation mechanism for mitigating compression deviation. The proposed framework retains the same theoretical convergence rate as non-compression mechanisms. Experimental results demonstrate that Marsit reduces up to 35% training time while preserving the same accuracy as training without compression.
description: Accepted by DAC 2022
On rank statistics of PageRank and MarkovRank
Creators: name: Nishiyama, Yoichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The well-known statistic PageRank was created in 1998 by co-founders of Google, Sergey Brin and Larry Page, to optimize the ranking of websites for their search engine outcomes. It is computed using an iterative algorithm, based on the idea that nodes with a larger number of incoming edges are more important. Google's PageRank involves some information from ``aliens''; the 15% of information is regarded as the connections from the outside of the network system under consideration. In this paper, seeking a stable statistic which is ``close'' to an ``intrinsic'' version of PageRank, we will introduce a new statistic called MarkovRank. A special attention will be paid to the comparison of rank statistics among standard-PageRank,``intrinsic-PageRank'' and MarkovRank. It is concluded that the rank statistic of MarkovRank, which is always well-defined, is identical to that of ``intrinsic-PageRank'', as far as the latter is well-defined.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures
Efficient and ultra-stable perovskite light-emitting diodes
Creators: name: Guo, Bingbing
name: Lai, Runchen
name: Jiang, Sijie
name: Lian, Yaxiao
name: Ren, Zhixiang
name: Li, Puyang
name: Cao, Xuhui
name: Xing, Shiyu
name: Wang, Yaxin
name: Li, Weiwei
name: Zou, Chen
name: Chen, Mengyu
name: Li, Cheng
name: Zhao, Baodan
name: Di, Dawei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have emerged as a strong contender for next-generation display and information technologies. However, similar to perovskite solar cells, the poor operational stability remains the main obstacle toward commercial applications. Here we demonstrate ultra-stable and efficient PeLEDs with extraordinary operational lifetimes (T50) of 1.0x10^4 h, 2.8x10^4 h, 5.4x10^5 h, and 1.9x10^6 h at initial radiance (or current densities) of 3.7 W/sr/m2 (~5 mA/cm2), 2.1 W/sr/m2 (~3.2 mA/cm2), 0.42 W/sr/m2 (~1.1 mA/cm2), and 0.21 W/sr/m2 (~0.7 mA/cm2) respectively, and external quantum efficiencies of up to 22.8%. Key to this breakthrough is the introduction of a dipolar molecular stabilizer, which serves two critical roles simultaneously. First, it prevents the detrimental transformation and decomposition of the alpha-phase FAPbI3 perovskite, by inhibiting the formation of lead and iodide intermediates. Secondly, hysteresis-free device operation and microscopic luminescence imaging experiments reveal substantially suppressed ion migration in the emissive perovskite. The record-long PeLED lifespans are encouraging, as they now satisfy the stability requirement for commercial organic LEDs (OLEDs). These results remove the critical concern that halide perovskite devices may be intrinsically unstable, paving the path toward industrial applications.
description: This is a preprint of the paper prior to peer review. New and updated results may be available in the final version from the publisher
Challenges in identifying simple pattern-forming mechanisms in the development of settlements using demographic data
Creators: name: Prokop, Bartosz
name: Gelens, Lendert
name: Pelz, Peter F.
name: Friesen, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The rapid increase of population and settlement structures in the Global South during recent decades motivates the development of suitable models to describe their formation and evolution. Such settlement formation has been previously suggested to be dynamically driven by simple pattern-forming mechanisms. Here, we explore the use of a data-driven white-box approach, called SINDy, to discover differential equation models directly from available spatiotemporal demographic data for three representative regions of the Global South. We show that the current resolution and observation time of the available data is insufficient to uncover relevant pattern-forming mechanisms in settlement development. Using synthetic data generated with a generic pattern-forming model, the Allen-Cahn equation, we characterize what the requirements are on spatial and temporal resolution, as well as observation time, to successfully identify possible model system equations. Overall, the study provides a theoretical framework for the analysis of large-scale geographical/ecological systems, and it motivates further improvements in optimization approaches and data collection.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures
Cynomys ludovicianus
Creators: name: Hoffmann, Robert S.
name: Anderson, Charles G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1993
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Sciuridae
Cynomys
Cynomys ludovicianus

description: Cynomys ludovicianus (Ord, 1815). In Guthrie, New Geogr., Hist. Coml. Grammar, Philadelphia, 2nd ed., 2:292. TYPE LOCALITY: "vicinity of the Missouri." Restricted by Hollister (1916a:14) to "Upper Missouri River." DISTRIBUTION: Saskatchewan (Canada); Montana to E Nebraska, W Texas, New Mexico, and SE Arizona (USA); NE Sonora, and N Chihuahua (Mexico). SYNONYMS: arizonensis Mearns, 1890; cinereus Richardson, 1829; grisea Rafinesque, 1817; latrans (Harlan, 1815); missouriensis (Warden, 1819); pyrrotrichus Elliot, 1905; socialis Rafinesque, 1817. COMMENTS: Subgenus Cynomys. Intraspecific variation reviewed by Chesser (1983).
description: Published as part of Robert S. Hoffmann & Charles G. Anderson, 1993, Order Rodentia - Family Sciuridae, pp. 419-465 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 424, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353130
description: {"references": ["Hollister, N. 1916 a. A systematic account of the prairie dogs. North American Fauna, 40: 1 - 37.", "Elliot, D. G. 1905. A checklist of mammals of the North American continent, the West Indies and the neighboring seas. Field Columbian Museum, Publication 105, Zoological Series, 6: 1 - 761.", "Chesser, R. K. 1983. Cranial variation among populations of the black-tailed prairie dog in New Mexico. Occasional Papers, The Museum, Texas Tech University, 84: 1 - 13."]}
COVID-19 Disease Map:eng a community effort to encode knowledgeabout SARS-CoV-2 mechanisms
Creators: name: Marek, Ostaszewski
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: disease map
COVID-19
community curation
systems biomedicine
WikiPathways
Reactome
the MINERVA Platform
FAIRDOMHub

description: I'm presenting a large-scale community effort to build an open-access, interoperable, and computable repository of COVID-19 molecular mechanisms - the COVID-19 Disease Map. In the talk, I discuss the tools, platforms, and guidelines necessary for the distributed development of its contents by a multi-faceted community of biocurators, domain experts, bioinformaticians, and computational biologists. The community advances along three main axes of the effort - i) biocuration for standardised content building, ii) interoperability allowing enrichment from bioinformatic databases ad text mining, and iii) analysis and modelling, using the developed content and validating it. I conclude the talk by summarising these components and showing how further contributions could develop the the COVID-19 Disease Map further.
Rapidity Profile of the Initial Energy Density in Heavy-Ion Collisions
Creators: name: Ozonder, Sener
name: Fries, Rainer J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The rapidity dependence of the initial energy density in heavy-ion collisions is calculated from a three-dimensional McLerran-Venugopalan model (3dMVn) introduced by Lam and Mahlon. This model is infrared safe since global color neutrality is enforced. In this non-boost-invariant framework, the nuclei have non-zero thickness in the longitudinal direction. This results in Bjorken-x dependent unintegrated gluon distribution functions which lead to a rapidity-dependent initial energy density after the collision. The initial energy density and its rapidity dependence are important initial conditions for the quark gluon plasma and its hydrodynamic evolution.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures. Matches the published version
Duality and stationary distributions of wealth distribution models
Creators: name: Cirillo, Pasquale
name: Redig, Frank
name: Ruszel, Wioletta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze a class of energy and wealth redistribution models. We characterize their stationary measures and show that they have a discrete dual process. In particular we show that the wealth distribution model with non-zero propensity can never have invariant product measures. We also introduce diffusion processes associated to the wealth distribution models by "instantaneous thermalization".
description: 18 pages
Canonical pseudo-Kähler structures on six-dimensional nilpotent Lie groups
Creators: name: Smolentsev, N. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C50, 53C55, 22E25

description: In this paper we consider left-invariant pseudo-Kähler structures on six-dimensional nilpotent Lie algebras. The explicit expressions of the canonical complex structures are calculated, and the curvature properties of the associated pseudo-Kähler metrics are investigated. It is proved that the associated pseudo-Kähler metric is Ricci-flat, that the curvature tensor has zero pseudo-Riemannian norm, and that the curvature tensor has some non-zero components that depend only on two or, at most, three parameters. The pseudo-Kähler structures obtained give basic models of pseudo-Kähler six-dimensional nilmanifolds.
description: 21 pages
Elastic pbar-d scattering and total pbar-d cross sections reexamined
Creators: name: Uzikov, Yu. N.
name: Haidenbauer, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We update our recent analysis of pbar-d scattering, performed within the Glauber theory including the single- and double pbar-N scattering mechanisms. Specifically, now we consider also Nbar-N amplitudes from a new partial-wave analysis of pbar-p scattering data. Predictions for differential cross sections and the spin observables A_y^d, A_y^pbar, A_xx, A_yy are presented for antiproton beam energies between 50 and 300 MeV. Total polarized cross sections are calculated utilizing the optical theorem. The efficiency of the polarization buildup for antiprotons in a storage ring is investigated.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures; several typos corrected
An updated view and perspectives on high-energy gamma-ray emission from SGR J1935+2154 and its environment
Creators: name: Coelho, Jaziel G.
name: Padilha, Luana N.
name: Anjos, Rita C. dos
name: Ventura, Cynthia V.
name: Carvalho, Geanderson A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: SGR J1935+2154 was discovered in 2016 and is currently one of the most burst-active Soft Gamma-ray Repeaters (SGR), having emitted several X-ray bursts in recent years. In one of our previous articles, we investigated the contribution to high-energy and very high-energy gamma-ray emission (VHE, $E > 100$ GeV) due to cosmic-ray acceleration of SNR G57.2+0.8 hosting SGR J1935+2154 using the GALPROP propagation code. However, follow-up observations of SGR 1935+2154 were made for 2 hours on April 28, 2020, using the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.). The observations coincide with X-ray bursts detected by INTEGRAL and Fermi/Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM). These are the first high-energy gamma-ray observations of an SGR in a flaring state, and upper limits on sustained and transient emission have been derived. Now that new H.E.S.S. observations have been made, it is interesting to update our model with respect to these new upper limits. We extend our previous results to a more general situation using the new version of GALPROP. We obtain a hadronic model that confirms the results discussed by H.E.S.S.. This leads to an optimistic prospect that cosmic ray gamma rays from SGR J1935+2154 can contribute to the overall gamma energy density distribution and in particular to the diffusion gamma rays from the Galactic center.
description: 10 Pages; 3 Figures
Uniformly accurate schemes for drift--oscillatory stochastic differential equations
Creators: name: Almuslimani, Ibrahim
name: Chartier, Philippe
name: Lemou, Mohammed
name: Méhats, Florian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this work, we adapt the {\em micro-macro} methodology to stochastic differential equations for the purpose of numerically solving oscillatory evolution equations. The models we consider are addressed in a wide spectrum of regimes where oscillations may be slow or fast. We show that through an ad-hoc transformation (the micro-macro decomposition), it is possible to retain the usual orders of convergence of Euler-Maruyama method, that is to say, uniform weak order one and uniform strong order one half. We also show that the same orders of uniform accuracy can be achieved by a simple integral scheme. The advantage of the micro-macro scheme is that, in contrast to the integral scheme, it can be generalized to higher order methods.
HJB-RBF based approach for the control of PDEs
Creators: name: Alla, Alessandro
name: Oliveira, Hugo
name: Santin, Gabriele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Semi-lagrangian schemes for discretization of the dynamic programming principle are based on a time discretization projected on a state-space grid. The use of a structured grid makes this approach not feasible for high-dimensional problems due to the curse of dimensionality. Here, we present a new approach for infinite horizon optimal control problems where the value function is computed using Radial Basis Functions (RBF) by the Shepard's moving least squares approximation method on scattered grids. We propose a new method to generate a scattered mesh driven by the dynamics and the selection of the shape parameter in the RBF using an optimization routine. This mesh will help to localize the problem and approximate the dynamic programming principle in high dimension. Error estimates for the value function are also provided. Numerical tests for high dimensional problems will show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The problem with Proca: ghost instabilities in self-interacting vector fields
Creators: name: Clough, Katy
name: Helfer, Thomas
name: Witek, Helvi
name: Berti, Emanuele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Massive vector fields feature in several areas of particle physics, e.g., as carriers of weak interactions, dark matter candidates, or as an effective description of photons in a plasma. Here we investigate vector fields with self-interactions by replacing the mass term in the Proca equation with a general potential. We show that this seemingly benign modification inevitably introduces ghost instabilities of the same kind as those recently identified for vector-tensor theories of modified gravity (but in this simpler, minimally coupled theory). It has been suggested that nonperturbative dynamics may drive systems away from such instabilities. We demonstrate that this is not the case by evolving a self-interacting Proca field on a Kerr background, where it grows due to the superradiant instability. The system initially evolves as in the massive case, but instabilities are triggered in a finite time once the self-interaction becomes significant. These instabilities have implications for the formation of condensates of massive, self-interacting vector bosons, the possibility of spin-one bosenovae, vector dark matter models, and effective models for interacting photons in a plasma.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, updated to accepted version
Equation of states in the curved spacetime of slowly rotating degenerate stars
Creators: name: Hossain, Golam Mortuza
name: Mandal, Susobhan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the equation of state for an ensemble of degenerate fermions by using the curved spacetime of a slowly rotating axially symmetric star. We show that the equation of state computed in such curved spacetime depends on the gravitational time dilation as well as on the dragging of inertial frames, unlike an equation of state computed in a globally flat spacetime. The effect of gravitational time dilation leads to a significant enhancement of the maximum mass limit of a degenerate neutron star. However, such an enhancement due to the frame-dragging effect is extremely small. Nevertheless, in general relativity the frame-dragging effect is crucial for computing angular momentum of the star which is also shown to be enhanced significantly due to the usage of curved spacetime in computing the equation of state.
description: v1 9 pages, 4 figures, revtex4; v2 10 pages, 6 figures, matches with published version
Fast solution of boundary integral equations with the generalized Neumann kernel
Creators: name: Nasser, Mohamed M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 45B05, 65R20, 30C30

description: A fast method for solving boundary integral equations with the generalized Neumann kernel and the adjoint generalized Neumann kernel is presented. The method is based on discretizing the integral equations by the Nyström method with the trapezoidal rule to obtain $(m+1)n\times(m+1)n$ linear systems where $m+1$ is the multiplicity of the multiply connected domain and $n$ is the number of nodes in the discretization of each boundary component. The obtained linear systems are solved by the generalized minimal residual (GMRES) method. Each iteration of the GMRES method requires a matrix-vector product which can be computed using the Fast Multipole Method (FMM). The complexity of the presented method is $O((m+1)n\ln n)$ for the integral equation with the generalized Neumann kernel and $O((m+1)n)$ for the integral equation with the adjoint generalized Neumann kernel. The presented numerical results illustrate that the presented method gives accurate results even for domains with high connectivity, domains with piecewise smooth boundaries, and domains with close boundaries.
On an Average Goldbach Representation Formula of Fujii
Creators: name: Goldston, D. A.
name: Suriajaya, Ade Irma
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11M26, 11N05, 11N37, 11P32

description: Fujii obtained a formula for the average number of Goldbach representations with lower order terms expressed as a sum over the zeros of the Riemann zeta-function and a smaller error term. This assumed the Riemann Hypothesis. We obtain an unconditional version of this result, and obtain applications conditional on various conjectures on zeros of the Riemann zeta-function.
description: 22 pages, to appear in Nagoya Math. J
The advantage of self-protecting interventions in mitigating epidemic circulation at the community level
Creators: name: Pastor-Satorras, Romualdo
name: Castellano, Claudio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Protecting interventions of many types (both pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical) can be deployed against the spreading of a communicable disease, as the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically shown. Here we investigate in detail the effects at the population level of interventions that provide an asymmetric protection between the people involved in a single interaction. Masks of different filtration types, either protecting mainly the wearer or the contacts of the wearer, are a prominent example of these interventions. By means of analytical calculations and extensive simulations of simple epidemic models on networks, we show that interventions protecting more efficiently the adopter (e.g the mask wearer) are more effective than interventions protecting primarily the contacts of the adopter in reducing the prevalence of the disease and the number of concurrently infected individuals ("flattening the curve"). This observation is backed up by the study of a more realistic epidemic model on an empirical network representing the patterns of contacts in the city of Portland. Our results point out that promoting wearer-protecting face masks and other self-protecting interventions, though deemed selfish and inefficient, can actually be a better strategy to efficiently curtail pandemic spreading.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures
A simple strategy to measure the contact resistance between metals and doped organic films
Creators: name: Kirch, Anton
name: Fischer, Axel
name: Werberger, Robert
name: Soflaa, Shayan Miri Aabi
name: Maleckaite, Karolina
name: Imbrasas, Paulius
name: Benduhn, Johannes
name: Reineke, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Charge injection from electrodes into doped organic films is a widespread technology used in the majority of state-of-the-art organic semiconductor devices. Although such interfaces are commonly considered to form Ohmic contacts via strong band bending, an experiment that directly measures the contact resistance has not yet been demonstrated. In this study, we use a simple metal/doped organic semiconductor/metal stack and study its voltage-dependent resistance. A transport layer thickness variation proves that the presented experiment gains direct access to the contact resistance of the device. We can quantify that for an operating current density of 10mA/cm2 the investigated material system exhibits a voltage drop over the metal/organic interface of about 200mV, which can be reduced by more than one order of magnitude when employing an additional injection layer. The presented experiment proposes a simple strategy to measure the contact resistance between any metal and doped organic film without applying numerical tools or elaborate techniques. Furthermore, the simplistic device architecture allows for very high, homogeneous, and tunable electric fields within the organic layer, which enables a clear investigation of the Poole-Frenkel effect.
Cynomys mexicanus Merriam 1892
Creators: name: Hoffmann, Robert S.
name: Anderson, Charles G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1993
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Sciuridae
Cynomys
Cynomys mexicanus

description: Cynomys mexicanus Merriam, 1892. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 7:157. TYPE LOCALITY: "La Ventura, Coahuila, Mexico." DISTRIBUTION: Coahuila, and San Luis Potosi; perhaps Nuevo Leon, and Zacatecas (NC Mexico). STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U.S. ESA and IUCN - Endangered. COMMENTS: Subgenus Cynomys (Hall, 1981:412); reviewed by Ceballos-G. and Wilson (1985, Mammalian Species, 248) and Trevino-V. (1991).
description: Published as part of Robert S. Hoffmann & Charles G. Anderson, 1993, Order Rodentia - Family Sciuridae, pp. 419-465 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 424, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353130
description: {"references": ["Hall, E. R. 1981. The mammals of North America. Second ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1: 1 - 600 + 90, 2: 601 - 1181 + 90."]}
Survival of classical and quantum particles in the presence of traps
Creators: name: Krapivsky, P. L.
name: Luck, J. M.
name: Mallick, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed comparison of the motion of a classical and of a quantum particle in the presence of trapping sites, within the framework of continuous-time classical and quantum random walk. The main emphasis is on the qualitative differences in the temporal behavior of the survival probabilities of both kinds of particles. As a general rule, static traps are far less efficient to absorb quantum particles than classical ones. Several lattice geometries are successively considered: an infinite chain with a single trap, a finite ring with a single trap, a finite ring with several traps, and an infinite chain and a higher-dimensional lattice with a random distribution of traps with a given density. For the latter disordered systems, the classical and the quantum survival probabilities obey a stretched exponential asymptotic decay, albeit with different exponents. These results confirm earlier predictions, and the corresponding amplitudes are evaluated. In the one-dimensional geometry of the infinite chain, we obtain a full analytical prediction for the amplitude of the quantum problem, including its dependence on the trap density and strength.
description: 35 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables. Minor updates
On the kinematic cosmic dipole tension
Creators: name: Dalang, Charles
name: Bonvin, Camille
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Our motion through the Universe generates a dipole in the temperature anisotropies of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and also in the angular distribution of sources. If the cosmological principle is valid, these two dipoles are directly linked, such that the amplitude of one determines that of the other. However, it is a longstanding problem that number counts of radio sources and of quasars at low and intermediate redshifts exhibit a dipole that is well aligned with that of the CMB but with about twice the expected amplitude, leading to a tension reaching up to $4.9 σ$. In this paper, we revisit the theoretical derivation of the dipole in the sources number counts, explicitly accounting for the redshift evolution of the population of sources. We argue that if the spectral index and magnification bias of the sources vary with redshift, the standard theoretical description of the dipole may be inaccurate. We provide an alternative expression which does not depend on the spectral index, but instead on the time evolution of the population of sources. We then determine the values that this evolution rate should have in order to remove the tension with the CMB dipole.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures, typo corrected in Eq. (28), (43). Subsequent Eqs. (54), (56), (59), Fig. 7 and 8 adapted with respect to v1
Bound entangled states with extremal properties
Creators: name: Badziag, Piotr
name: Horodecki, Karol
name: Horodecki, Michal
name: Jenkinson, Justin
name: Szarek, Stanislaw J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Following recent work of Beigi and Shor, we investigate PPT states that are "heavily entangled." We first exploit volumetric methods to show that in a randomly chosen direction, there are PPT states whose distance in trace norm from separable states is (asymptotically) at least 1/4. We then provide explicit examples of PPT states which are nearly as far from separable ones as possible. To obtain a distance of 2-ε from the separable states, we need a dimension of 2^{poly(\log(1/ε))}, as opposed to 2^{poly(1/ε)} given by the construction of Beigi and Shor. We do so by exploiting the so called {\it private states}, introduced earlier in the context of quantum cryptography. We also provide a lower bound for the distance between private states and PPT states and investigate the distance between pure states and the set of PPT states.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures
Transition from a polaronic condensate to a degenerate Fermi gas of heteronuclear molecules
Creators: name: Duda, Marcel
name: Chen, Xing-Yan
name: Schindewolf, Andreas
name: Bause, Roman
name: von Milczewski, Jonas
name: Schmidt, Richard
name: Bloch, Immanuel
name: Luo, Xin-Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interplay of quantum statistics and interactions in atomic Bose--Fermi mixtures leads to a phase diagram markedly different from pure fermionic or bosonic systems. However, investigating this phase diagram remains challenging when bosons condense. Here, we observe evidence for a quantum phase transition from a polaronic to a molecular phase in a density-matched degenerate Bose--Fermi mixture. The condensate fraction, representing the order parameter of the transition, is depleted by interactions and the build-up of strong correlations results in the emergence of a molecular Fermi gas. By driving through the transition, we ultimately produce a quantum-degenerate sample of sodium-potassium molecules exhibiting a large molecule-frame dipole moment of 2.7 Debye. The observed phase transition represents a new phenomenon complementary to the paradigmatic BEC-BCS crossover observed in Fermi systems.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures
Non-zero constraints in elliptic PDE with random boundary values and applications to hybrid inverse problems
Creators: name: Alberti, Giovanni S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35J25, 35B38, 35R30

description: Hybrid inverse problems are based on the interplay of two types of waves, in order to allow for imaging with both high resolution and high contrast. The inversion procedure often consists of two steps: first, internal measurements involving the unknown parameters and some related quantities are obtained, and, second, the unknown parameters have to be reconstructed from the internal data. The reconstruction in the second step requires the solutions of certain PDE to satisfy some non-zero constraints, such as the absence of nodal or critical points, or a non-vanishing Jacobian. In this work, we consider a second-order elliptic PDE and show that it is possible to satisfy these constraints with overwhelming probability by choosing the boundary values randomly, following a sub-Gaussian distribution. The proof is based on a new quantitative estimate for the Runge approximation, a result of independent interest.
description: 25 pages
Winding vectors of topological defects: Multiband Chern numbers
Creators: name: Fünfhaus, Axel
name: Kopp, Thilo
name: Lettl, Elias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chern numbers can be calculated within a frame of vortex fields related to phase conventions of a wave function. In a band protected by gaps the Chern number is equivalent to the total number of flux carrying vortices. In the presence of topological defects like Dirac cones this method becomes problematic, in particular if they lack a well-defined winding number. We develop a scheme to include topological defects into the vortex field frame. A winding number is determined by the behavior of the phase in reciprocal space when encircling the defect's contact point. To address the possible lack of a winding number we utilize a more general concept of winding vectors. We demonstrate the usefulness of this ansatz on Dirac cones generated from bands of the Hofstadter model.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures
Measurement-induced entanglement phase transitions in variational quantum circuits
Creators: name: Wiersema, Roeland
name: Zhou, Cunlu
name: Carrasquilla, Juan Felipe
name: Kim, Yong Baek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs), which classically optimize a parametrized quantum circuit to solve a computational task, promise to advance our understanding of quantum many-body systems and improve machine learning algorithms using near-term quantum computers. Prominent challenges associated with this family of quantum-classical hybrid algorithms are the control of quantum entanglement and quantum gradients linked to their classical optimization. Known as the barren plateau phenomenon, these quantum gradients may rapidly vanish in the presence of volume-law entanglement growth, which poses a serious obstacle to the practical utility of VQAs. Inspired by recent studies of measurement-induced entanglement transition in random circuits, we investigate the entanglement transition in variational quantum circuits endowed with intermediate projective measurements. Considering the Hamiltonian Variational Ansatz (HVA) for the XXZ model and the Hardware Efficient Ansatz (HEA), we observe a measurement-induced entanglement transition from volume-law to area-law with increasing measurement rate. Moreover, we provide evidence that the transition belongs to the same universality class of random unitary circuits. Importantly, the transition coincides with a "landscape transition" from severe to mild/no barren plateaus in the classical optimization. Our work paves an avenue for greatly improving the trainability of quantum circuits by incorporating intermediate measurement protocols in currently available quantum hardware.
Cynomys parvidens J. Allen 1905
Creators: name: Hoffmann, Robert S.
name: Anderson, Charles G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1993
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Sciuridae
Cynomys
Cynomys parvidens

description: Cynomys parvidens J. Allen, 1905. Mus. Brooklyn Inst. Arts and Sci., Sci. Bull., 1:119. TYPE LOCALITY: USA, "Buckskin Valley, Iron County, Utah." DISTRIBUTION: SC Utah (USA). STATUS: U.S. ESA - Threatened; IUCN - Vulnerable. COMMENTS: Subgenus Leucocrossuromys (Hall, 1981). Reviewed by Pizzimenti and Collier (1975, Mammalian Species, 52) and Pizzimenti and Nadler (1972).
description: Published as part of Robert S. Hoffmann & Charles G. Anderson, 1993, Order Rodentia - Family Sciuridae, pp. 419-465 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 424, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353130
description: {"references": ["Hall, E. R. 1981. The mammals of North America. Second ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1: 1 - 600 + 90, 2: 601 - 1181 + 90.", "Pizzimenti, J. J., and G. D. Collier. 1975. Cynomys parvidens. Mammalian Species, 52: 1 - 3.", "Pizzimenti, J. J., and C. F. Nadler. 1972. Chromosomes and serum proteins of the Utah prairie dog, Cynomys parvidens (Sciuridae). Southwestern Naturalist, 17: 279 - 286."]}
A Generalization of Lanchester's Model of Warfare
Creators: name: Cangiotti, Nicolò
name: Capolli, Marco
name: Sensi, Mattia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 34C60, 34K60. Secondary: 65L05, 65S05

description: The classical Lanchester's model is shortly reviewed and analysed, with particular attention to the critical issues that intrinsically arise from the mathematical formalization of the problem. We then generalize a particular version of such a model describing the dynamics of warfare when three or more armies are involved in the conflict. Several numerical simulations are provided.
Towards Robust Neural Image Compression: Adversarial Attack and Model Finetuning
Creators: name: Chen, Tong
name: Ma, Zhan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Deep neural network-based image compression has been extensively studied. However, the model robustness which is crucial to practical application is largely overlooked. We propose to examine the robustness of prevailing learned image compression models by injecting negligible adversarial perturbation into the original source image. Severe distortion in decoded reconstruction reveals the general vulnerability in existing methods regardless of their settings (e.g., network architecture, loss function, quality scale). A variety of defense strategies including geometric self-ensemble based pre-processing, and adversarial training, are investigated against the adversarial attack to improve the model's robustness. Later the defense efficiency is further exemplified in real-life image recompression case studies. Overall, our methodology is simple, effective, and generalizable, making it attractive for developing robust learned image compression solutions. All materials are made publicly accessible at https://njuvision.github.io/RobustNIC for reproducible research.
Wetzel: Formalisation of an Undecidable Problem Linked to the Continuum Hypothesis
Creators: name: Paulson, Lawrence C
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 03E17, 03B35, 68V20, 68V35

description: In 1964, Paul Erdős published a paper settling a question about function spaces that he had seen in a problem book. Erdős proved that the answer was yes if and only if the continuum hypothesis was false: an innocent-looking question turned out to be undecidable in the axioms of ZFC. The formalisation of these proofs in Isabelle/HOL demonstrate the combined use of complex analysis and set theory, and in particular how the Isabelle/HOL library for ZFC integrates set theory with higher-order logic.
description: Accepted to Conference on Intelligent Computer Mathematics (CICM 2022)
A Closer Look at Gaugino Masses in Pure Gravity Mediation Model/Minimal Split SUSY Model
Creators: name: Harigaya, Keisuke
name: Ibe, Masahiro
name: Yanagida, Tsutomu T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We take a closer look at the gaugino masses in the context of pure gravity mediation models/minimal split SUSY models. We see that the gaugino mass spectrum has a richer structure in the presence of vector-like matter fields even when they couple to the supersymmetry breaking sector only through Planck suppressed operators. For example, the gluino mass can be much lighter than in anomaly mediation, enhancing the detectability of the gluino at the LHC experiments. The rich gaugino spectrum also allows new possibilities for dark matter scenarios such as the bino-wino co-annihilation, bino-gluino co-annihilation, or even wino-gluino co-annihilation scenarios, which affects future collider experiments as well as dark matter search experiments.
description: 25 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, v2 references and explanations added
Dremomys Heude 1898
Creators: name: Hoffmann, Robert S.
name: Anderson, Charles G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1993
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Sciuridae
Dremomys

description: Dremomys Heude, 1898. Mem. Hist. Nat. Emp. Chin., 4(2):54. TYPE SPECIES: Sciurus pernyi Milne-Edwards, 1867. SYNONYMS: Zetis Thomas, 1908. COMMENTS: Tribe Callosciurini (Moore, 1959). Reviewed by Moore and Tate (1965).
description: Published as part of Robert S. Hoffmann & Charles G. Anderson, 1993, Order Rodentia - Family Sciuridae, pp. 419-465 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on pages 424-425, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353130
description: {"references": ["Milne-Edwards, A. 1867. Observations sur quelques mammiferes du nord de la Chine. Annales des sciences naturelles. Zoologie et biologie animale, 7 (5): 375 - 377.", "Moore, J. C. 1959. Relationships among the living squirrels of the Sciurinae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 118 (4): 157 - 206.", "Moore, J. C., and G. H. H. Tate. 1965. A study of the diurnal squirrels, Sciurinae, of the Indian and Indochinese subregions. Fieldiana: Zoology, 48: 1 - 351."]}
Climbing out of the shadows: building the distance ladder with black hole images
Creators: name: Renzi, Fabrizio
name: Martinelli, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the era of precision cosmology it has became crucial to find new and competitive probes to estimate cosmological parameters, in an effort of finding answers to the current cosmological tensions/discrepancies. In this work, we show the possibility of using observations of Super Massive Black Hole (SMBH) shadows as an anchor for the distance ladder, substituting the sources usually exploited for such purpose, such as Cepheid variable stars. Compared to the standard approaches, the use of SMBH has the advantage of not needing to be anchored with distance calibrators outside the Hubble flow since the shadows physical size can be estimated knowing the mass of the SMBH. Furthermore, SMBH are supposed to inhabit the center of all galaxies which, in principle, means that we can measure the size of the shadows in any Supernova type Ia host galaxy. Under the assumption that the mass of the SMBH can be accurately and reliably estimated, we find that the Hubble constant can be constrained with a $\approx10\%$ precision even considering current experimental design of ground-based interferometers. By constructing a SMBH catalogue based on a specific choice of the SMBH Mass Function (BHMF), we forecast the constraints on the Hubble constant, finding that a precision of $\approx4\%$ may be within reach of future interferometers.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures. Updated to match the published version