cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Heuristics in experiments with infinitely large strategy spaces
Creators: name: Andersen, Jørgen Vitting
name: de Peretti, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Finance (q-fin.GN)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a new methodology that enables detection of the onset of convergence towards Nash equilibria in simple repeated games with infinitely large strategy spaces, thereby revealing the heuristics used in decision-making. The method works by constraining on a special finite subset of strategies, called decoupled strategies. We show how the technique can be applied to understand price formation in financial market experiments by introducing a predictive measure ΔD: the different between positive decoupled strategies (recommending to buy) and negative decoupled strategies (recommending to sell). Using ΔD we illustrate how the method can predict (at certain special times) participants' actions with a high success rate in a series of experiments
description: 29 pages, 6 figures, 10 tables
Multilevel Intervention Stepped Wedge Designs (MLI-SWDs)
Creators: name: Linnan, Laura
name: Kneipp, Shawn M.
name: Sperger, John
name: Kosorok, Michael R.
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2024

description: Multilevel interventions (MLIs) hold promise for reducing health inequities by intervening at multiple types of social determinants of health consistent with the socioecological model of health. In spite of their potential, methodological challenges related to study design compounded by a lack of tools for sample size calculation inhibit their development. We help address this gap by proposing the Multilevel Intervention Stepped Wedge Design (MLI-SWD), a hybrid experimental design which combines cluster-level (CL) randomization using a Stepped Wedge design (SWD) with independent individual-level (IL) randomization. The MLI-SWD is suitable for MLIs where the IL intervention has a low risk of interference between individuals in the same cluster, and it enables estimation of the component IL and CL treatment effects, their interaction, and the combined intervention effect. The MLI-SWD accommodates cross-sectional and cohort designs as well as both incomplete (clusters are not observed in every study period) and complete observation patterns. We adapt recent work using generalized estimating equations for SWD sample size calculation to the multilevel setting and provide an R package for power and sample size calculation. Furthermore, motivated by our experiences with the ongoing NC Works 4 Health study, we consider how to apply the MLI-SWD when individuals join clusters over the course of the study. This situation arises when unemployment MLIs include IL interventions that are delivered while the individual is unemployed. This extension requires carefully considering whether the study interventions will satisfy additional causal assumptions but could permit randomization in new settings.
The open field assay is influenced by room temperature and by drugs that affect core body temperature
Creators: name: Zylka, Mark J.
name: Lee, David F.
name: Jimenez, Jessica A.
name: McCoy, Eric S.
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2024

description: Background: The open field assay is used to study anxiety-related traits and anxiolytic drugs in rodents. This assay entails measuring locomotor activity and time spent in the center of a chamber that is maintained at ambient room temperature. However, the ambient temperature in most laboratories varies daily and seasonally and can differ between buildings. We sought to evaluate how varying ambient temperature and core body temperature (CBT) affected open field locomotor activity and center time of male wild-type (WT, C57BL/6) and Transient Receptor Potential Subfamily M Member 8 (Trpm8) knock-out (Trpm8 -/-) mice. TRPM8 is an ion channel that detects cool temperatures and is activated by icilin.
Methods: Mice were placed in the open field at 4°C and 23°C for 1 hour. Distance traveled and time spent in the center were measured. Mice were injected with icilin, M8-B, diazepam, or saline, and changes in activity level were recorded.
Results: The cooling agent icilin increased CBT and profoundly reduced distance traveled and center time of WT mice relative to controls. Likewise, cooling the ambient temperature to 4°C reduced distance traveled and center time of WT mice relative to Trpm8 -/- mice. Conversely, the TRPM8 antagonist (M8-B) reduced CBT and increased distance traveled and center time of WT mice when tested at 4°C. The TRPM8 antagonist (M8-B) had no effect on CBT or open field behavior of Trpm8 -/- mice. The anxiolytic diazepam reduced CBT in WT and Trpm8 -/- mice. When tested at 4°C, diazepam increased distance traveled and center time in WT mice but did not alter open field behavior of Trpm8 -/- mice.
Conclusions: Environmental temperature and drugs that affect CBT can influence locomotor behavior and center time in the open field assay, highlighting temperature (ambient and core) as sources of environmental and physiologic variability in this commonly used behavioral assay.
Small but sustainable? Scholar-led journals and open access
Creators: name: Wrzesinski, Marcel
name: Dubois, Frédéric
name: Katzenbach, Christian
name: Waidlein, Nicole
name: Tochtermann, Klaus
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Open Access
Small Sciences
Journals
Sustainability

description: The "InnOAccess" project takes the precarious situation of scholar-led journals and the need for a bibliodiverse OA ecosystem as a starting point and aims at practically improving their situation. The state of play of scholar-led, non-APC journals are examined in a national online survey and systematic evaluation of existing financing models for Open Access publishing. The team used the results to test technological improvements and financial models on use case Internet Policy Review. The project results are available for reuse by the community.
description: The project is founded by the German Research Foundation / Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG).
Hipposideros diadema
Creators: name: Huang, Joe Chun-Chia
name: Jazdzyk, Elly Lestari
name: Nusalawo, Meyner
name: Maryanto, Ibnu
name: Maharadatunkamsi
name: Wiantoro, Sigit
name: Kingston, Tigga
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Chiroptera
Hipposideridae
Hipposideros
Hipposideros diadema

description: Hipposideros diadema (É. Geoffroy, 1813)
Diadem leaf-nosed bat
 New records
Lampung Province: Kuyung Arang Village, Sukaraja Forest, Sukaraja Village, Sumber Rejo Village, Way Canguk Forest.
 New material
One individual was collected as a voucher specimen. Lampung Province: Way Canguk Forest, 1♂ (MZB 35839).
 Previous records from Sumatra
 North Sumatra Province: caves near Pengerukan (Whitten et al., 2000).
 Remarks
 Hipposideros diadema was the largest hipposiderid species in the study area (Table 2). It can be easily distinguished from other Hipposideros by its larger body size and a distinct white, cream, or yellow flash along the side of each shoulder, which extends as a stripe down the side of the upperparts.
 It is primarily a cave-roosting bat (Kingston et al., 2006), and has been recorded roosting with Rhinolophus affinis at a cave in Penggerukan, North Sumatra (Whitten et al., 2000). Our finding extends its distribution from northern Sumatra to the south.
description: Published as part of Huang, Joe Chun-Chia, Jazdzyk, Elly Lestari, Nusalawo, Meyner, Maryanto, Ibnu, Maharadatunkamsi, Wiantoro, Sigit & Kingston, Tigga, 2014, A recent bat survey reveals Bukit Barisan Selatan Landscape as a chiropteran diversity hotspot in Sumatra, pp. 413-449 in Acta Chiropterologica 16 (2) on pages 427-428, DOI: 10.3161/150811014X687369, http://zenodo.org/record/3943617
Squeezing generation and revivals in a cavity-ion system in contact with a reservoir
Creators: name: Rangel, R.
name: Carvalho, L.
name: Zagury, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a system consisting of a single two-level ion in a harmonic trap, which is localized inside a non-ideal optical cavity at zero temperature and subjected to the action of two external lasers. We are able to obtain an analytical solution for the total density operator of the system and show that squeezing in the motion of the ion and in the cavity field is generated. We also show that complete revivals of the states of the motion of the ion and of the cavity field occur periodically.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
The Behavior of Granular Materials under Cyclic Shear
Creators: name: Mueggenburg, Nathan W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The design and development of a parallel plate shear cell for the study of large scale shear flows in granular materials is presented. The parallel plate geometry allows for shear studies without the effects of curvature found in the more common Couette experiments. A system of independently movable slats creates a well with side walls that deform in response to the motions of grains within the pack. This allows for true parallel plate shear with minimal interference from the containing geometry. The motions of the side walls also allow for a direct measurement of the velocity profile across the granular pack. Results are presented for applying this system to the study of transients in granular shear and for shear-induced crystallization. Initial shear profiles are found to vary from packing to packing, ranging from a linear profile across the entire system to an exponential decay with a width of approximately 6 bead diameters. As the system is sheared, the velocity profile becomes much sharper, resembling an exponential decay with a width of roughly 3 bead diameters. Further shearing produces velocity profiles which can no longer be fit to an exponential decay, but are better represented as a Gaussian decay or error function profile. Cyclic shear is found to produce large scale ordering of the granular pack, which has a profound impact on the shear profile. There exist periods of time in which there is slipping between layers as well as periods of time in which the layered particles lock together resulting in very little relative motion.
description: 10 pages including 12 figures
Sparse Cholesky covariance parametrization for recovering latent structure in ordered data
Creators: name: Córdoba, Irene
name: Bielza, Concha
name: Larrañaga, Pedro
name: Varando, Gherardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The sparse Cholesky parametrization of the inverse covariance matrix can be interpreted as a Gaussian Bayesian network; however its counterpart, the covariance Cholesky factor, has received, with few notable exceptions, little attention so far, despite having a natural interpretation as a hidden variable model for ordered signal data. To fill this gap, in this paper we focus on arbitrary zero patterns in the Cholesky factor of a covariance matrix. We discuss how these models can also be extended, in analogy with Gaussian Bayesian networks, to data where no apparent order is available. For the ordered scenario, we propose a novel estimation method that is based on matrix loss penalization, as opposed to the existing regression-based approaches. The performance of this sparse model for the Cholesky factor, together with our novel estimator, is assessed in a simulation setting, as well as over spatial and temporal real data where a natural ordering arises among the variables. We give guidelines, based on the empirical results, about which of the methods analysed is more appropriate for each setting.
description: 24 pages, 12 figures
The Financial Performance of North Dakota Grain Marketing and Farm Supply Cooperatives
Creators: name: McKee, Gregory J.
name: McKee, Gregory J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Cooperative
subject: agriculture
subject: financial ratio
subject: profitability
subject: North Dakota

description: The objective of this research is to assess the financial performance of North Dakota farm supply and grain handling cooperatives between 2002 and 2006. Audited financial statements from 120 cooperatives were used. Various financial variables are tested as determinants of profitability. Financial ratio analysis is used to observe trends in liquidity, solvency, and efficiency. Comparisons in ratio trends are made based on relative profitability. No statistical relationship is found between business size and profitability. The most profitable North Dakota agricultural input supply and grain marketing cooperatives were observed to have financial ratio values distinct from less profitable ones.
Probing the wind-wind collision in Gamma Velorum with high-resolution Chandra X-ray spectroscopy: evidence for sudden radiative braking and non-equilibrium ionization
Creators: name: Henley, D. B.
name: Stevens, I. R.
name: Pittard, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new analysis of an archived Chandra HETGS X-ray spectrum of the WR+O colliding wind binary Gamma Velorum. The spectrum is dominated by emission lines from astrophysically abundant elements: Ne, Mg, Si, S and Fe. From a combination of broad-band spectral analysis and an analysis of line flux ratios we infer a wide range of temperatures in the X-ray emitting plasma (~4-40 MK). As in the previously published analysis, we find the X-ray emission lines are essentially unshifted, with a mean FWHM of 1240 +/- 30 km/s. Calculations of line profiles based on hydrodynamical simulations of the wind-wind collision predict lines that are blueshifted by a few hundred km/s. The lack of any observed shift in the lines may be evidence of a large shock-cone opening half-angle (> 85 degrees), and we suggest this may be evidence of sudden radiative braking. From the R and G ratios measured from He-like forbidden-intercombination-resonance triplets we find evidence that the Mg XI emission originates from hotter gas closer to the O star than the Si XIII emission, which suggests that non-equilibrium ionization may be present.
description: 22 pages, 14 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Multi-response Regression for Block-missing Multi-modal Data without Imputation.
Creators: name: Liu, Yufeng
name: Li, Quefeng
name: Wang, Haodong
Publisher: name: Statistica Sinica (Institute of Statistical Science)
Year: 2024

description: Multi-modal data are prevalent in many scientific fields. In this study, we consider the parameter estimation and variable selection for a multi-response regression using block-missing multi-modal data. Our method allows the dimensions of both the responses and the predictors to be large, and the responses to be incomplete and correlated, a common practical problem in high-dimensional settings. Our proposed method uses two steps to make a prediction from a multi-response linear regression model with block-missing multi-modal predictors. In the first step, without imputing missing data, we use all available data to estimate the covariance matrix of the predictors and the cross-covariance matrix between the predictors and the responses. In the second step, we use these matrices and a penalized method to simultaneously estimate the precision matrix of the response vector, given the predictors, and the sparse regression parameter matrix. Lastly, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method using theoretical studies, simulated examples, and an analysis of a multi-modal imaging data set from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative.
Valuing Fed Cattle Using Objective Tenderness Measures
Creators: name: Riley, John Michael
name: Schroeder, Ted C.
name: Wheeler, Tommy L.
name: Shackelford, Stephen D.
name: Koohmaraie, Mohammad
name: Riley, John Michael
name: Schroeder, Ted C.
name: Wheeler, Tommy L.
name: Shackelford, Stephen D.
name: Koohmaraie, Mohammad
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Farm Management
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: beef quality
subject: meat tenderness
subject: cattle value
subject: cattle price

description: Beef tenderness is critical in consumer satisfaction with beef steak products. Current fed cattle valuation systems do not differentiate carcasses based upon tenderness variation. However, considerable research indicates consumers are willing to pay more for tender relative to tough beef steak. This article develops a tenderness-augmentation to current fed cattle grid pricing systems. Using a large set of actual carcasses, we determine that a tenderness-augmented price grid would reorder fed cattle value by on average nearly $5.00/cwt dressed relative to current valuation methods. Substantial opportunity is present to improve beef tenderness through new price signals to producers.
Generalized Collapse Solutions with Nonzero Initial Velocities for Star Formation in Molecular Cloud Cores
Creators: name: Fatuzzo, M.
name: Adams, F. C.
name: Myers, P. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by recent observations that show starless molecular cloud cores exhibit subsonic inward velocities, we revisit the collapse problem for polytropic gaseous spheres. In particular, we provide a generalized treatment of protostellar collapse in the spherical limit and find semi-analytic (self-similar) solutions, corresponding numerical solutions, and purely analytic calculations of the mass infall rates (the three approaches are in good agreement). This study focuses on collapse solutions that exhibit nonzero inward velocities at large radii, as observed in molecular cloud cores, and extends previous work in four ways: (1) The initial conditions allow nonzero initial inward velocity. (2) The starting states can exceed the density of hydrostatic equilibrium so that the collapse itself can provide the observed inward motions. (3) We consider different equations of state, especially those that are softer than isothermal. (4) We consider dynamic equations of state that are different from the effective equation of state that produces the initial density distribution. This work determines the infall rates over a wide range of parameter space, as characterized by four variables: the initial inward velocity $\vin$, the overdensity $\overdense$ of the initial state, the index $Γ$ of the static equation of state, and the index $γ$ of the dynamic equation of state. For the range of parameter space applicable to observed cores, the resulting infall rate is about a factor of two larger than found in previous theoretical studies (those with hydrostatic initial conditions and $\vin = 0$).
description: 48 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication to The Astrophysical Journal
Regional Wholesale Price Relationships in the Presence of Counter-Seasonal Imports
Creators: name: Raper, Kellie Curry
name: Thornsbury, Suzanne
name: Aguilar, Cristobal
name: Raper, Kellie Curry
name: Thornsbury, Suzanne
name: Aguilar, Cristobal
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: counter-seasonal imports
subject: price analysis
subject: regional prices
subject: spatial prices
subject: VAR

description: Counter-seasonal imports of fresh produce facilitate year-round availability in the U.S. and may impact the seasonal structure of market price relationships. Vector autoregression analysis is used to determine the nature and extent of spatial price relationships among four geographically distinct regions in the U.S. fresh peach wholesale market. We evaluate differences in regional spatial price relationships and find statistical evidence that price relationships among regions are different in periods dominated by regional domestic supplies imports compared with periods when counter-seasonal imports dominate the market.
Agricultural Profits and Farm Household Wealth: A Farm-level Analysis Using Repeated Cross Sections
Creators: name: Blank, Steven C.
name: Erickson, Kenneth W.
name: Nehring, Richard F.
name: Hallahan, Charles B.
name: Blank, Steven C.
name: Erickson, Kenneth W.
name: Nehring, Richard F.
name: Hallahan, Charles B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Farm Management
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: farm household
subject: off-farm income
subject: production profits
subject: wealth

description: This study examines the relationship between agricultural profits and farm household wealth across locations and farm sizes in U.S. agriculture. A multiperiod household model is used to develop hypotheses for testing. Results indicate that farmland has out-performed nonfarm investments over the past decade. Thus, households may want to keep their farmland to build wealth, even if it requires them to earn off-farm income. The analysis implies that decision will be made based on farm household wealth factors having little to do with agriculture.
Inhibition of NEK2 Promotes Chemosensitivity and Reduces KSHV-positive Primary Effusion Lymphoma Burden
Creators: name: White, Maria C.
name: Damania, Blossom
name: Wong, Jason P.
Publisher: name: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Year: 2024

description: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a common cancer in both men and women and represents a significant cancer burden worldwide. Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a subtype of NHL infected with Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). PEL is an aggressive and lethal cancer with no current standard of care, owing largely to its propensity to develop resistance to current chemotherapeutic regimens. Here, we report a reliance of KSHV-positive PEL on the mitotic kinase, NEK2, for survival. Inhibition of NEK2 with the inhibitor, JH295, resulted in caspase 3-mediated apoptotic cell death of PEL. Furthermore, NEK2 inhibition significantly prolonged survival and reduced tumor burden in a PEL mouse model. We also demonstrate that the ABC transporter proteins, MDR1 and MRP, are most active in PEL and that inhibition of NEK2 in PEL reduced the expression and activity of these ABC transporter proteins, which are known to mediate drug resistance in cancer. Finally, we report that JH295 treatment sensitized lymphomas to other chemotherapeutic agents such as rapamycin, resulting in enhanced cancer cell death. Overall, these data offer important insight into the mechanisms underlying PEL survival and drug resistance, and suggest that NEK2 is a viable therapeutic target for PEL.
SIGNIFICANCE: The mitotic kinase, NEK2, is important for the survival of KSHV-positive PEL. NEK2 inhibition resulted in PEL apoptosis and reduced tumor burden in a mouse model. NEK2 inhibition also reduced drug resistance.
Alternative Model Selection Using Forecast Error Variance Decompositions in Wholesale Chicken Markets
Creators: name: McKenzie, Andrew M.
name: Goodwin, Harold L.
name: Carreira, Rita I.
name: McKenzie, Andrew M.
name: Goodwin, Harold L.
name: Carreira, Rita I.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: broiler markets
subject: DAGs
subject: forecasting
subject: market structure
subject: VAR

description: Although Vector Autoregressive models are commonly used to forecast prices, specification of these models remains an issue. Questions that arise include choice of variables and lag length. This article examines the use of Forecast Error Variance Decompositions to guide the econometrician’s model specification. Forecasting performance of Variance Autoregressive models, generated from Forecast Error Variance Decompositions, is analyzed within wholesale chicken markets. Results show that the Forecast Error Variance Decomposition approach has the potential to provide superior model selections to traditional Granger Causality tests.
Scoping Review of Barriers and Facilitators to Recruitment of Black People With Cancer in Biospecimen-Based Research
Creators: name: Winslow, Ashlee Taylor
name: Barreiro-Rosado, Jeenn Alain
name: Morris, Hayley N.
name: Charlot, Marjory
name: Torian, Stacy
Publisher: name: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
Year: 2024

description: The increasing focus on precision medicine to optimize cancer treatments and improve cancer outcomes is an opportunity to consider equitable engagement of people racialized as Black or African American (B/AA) in biospecimen-based cancer research. B/AA people have the highest cancer incidence and mortality rates compared with all other racial and ethnic groups in the United States, yet are under-represented in biospecimen-based research. A narrative scoping review was conducted to understand the current literature on barriers, facilitators, and evidence-based strategies associated with the engagement of B/AA people with cancer in biospecimen research. Three comprehensive searches of MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, and Scopus were conducted. Of 770 studies generated by the search, 10 met all inclusion criteria for this review. The most frequently reported barriers to engagement of B/AA people in biospecimen research were lack of biospecimen research awareness, fear of medical harm, and violation of personal health information privacy, resource constraints, and medical mistrust. Key facilitators included previous exposure to research, knowledge about underlying genetic causes of cancer, and altruism. Recommended strategies to increase participation of B/AA people in biospecimen-based research included community engagement, transparent communication, workforce diversity, education and training, and research participant incentives. Inclusion of B/AA people in biospecimen-based research has the potential to advance the promise of precision oncology for all patients and reduce racial disparities in cancer outcomes.
Additional file 1 of VviERF6Ls: an expanded clade in Vitis responds transcriptionally to abiotic and biotic stresses and berry development
Creators: name: Toups, Haley S.
name: Cochetel, Noé
name: Gray, Dennis
name: Cramer, Grant R.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. PN40024 VviERF6L protein motif logos. Protein motif logos of PN40024 VviERF6Ls determined by MEME. X-axis represents relative residue position in motif. Y-axis letter height (bits) indicates relative frequency of a residue at a given position in the motif across the VviERF6L proteins. Left side colors correspond to Fig. 1.
Evaluation of postmortem DNA degradation using the comet assay
Creators: name: Johnson, Laura Alexandra
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: One of the most important longstanding problems in the field of forensic medicine is the determination of time of death upon the discovery of a possible homicide victim. With a majority of homicide victims discovered within the first 48 hours, it is critically important to be able to determine time of death quickly and with accuracy and precision. Current methods of determining postmortem interval vary, but none can provide better than an 8-hour window time estimate. In this paper, the potential application of single-cell gel electrophoresis (also known as the comet assay) to evaluate postmortem cell death processes, specifically nuclear DNA fragmentation, is assessed. Upon the death of an organism, internal nucleases contained within the cells should cause chromosomal DNA to degrade into increasingly smaller fragments over time, and if these fragments can be isolated and visualized, the fragmentation should prove to be measurable and quantifiable. An original study providing proof of the concept of postmortem DNA fragmentation between early and late time periods was conducted using human leukocytes. With an established trend of DNA degradation seen in the leukocyte results, this study was then expanded using a porcine animal model, over a longer time period, with more frequent timepoints evaluated. DNA degradation in all samples was revealed by single-cell gel electrophoresis (also known as the comet assay) and quantified by the use of the DNA-specific quantitative stains propidium iodide and silver nitrate, as measured by digital camera affixed to a microscope. The comet 'tail moment' gave a measure of the proportion of fragmented to non-fragmented DNA, while the 'tail-length' provided the relative size of degraded DNA fragments. In both models, an increase in DNA fragmentation was found to correlate with increased postmortem interval from 0-56 hours postmortem as evaluated by comet tail-moment and by comet tail-length, with tail-length providing the strongest statistical correlation, based on regression analysis. The postmortem DNA fragmentation observed in this study reveals a sequential, time-dependant process with the potential for use as a predictor of postmortem interval in homicide cases.
APOE traffics to astrocyte lipid droplets and modulates triglyceride saturation and droplet size
Creators: name: White, Kristen K.
name: Cohen, Sarah
name: Windham, Ian A.
name: Williams, Victoria H.
name: Wagner, Colby H.
name: Wallace, E. Diane
name: Ragusa, Joey V.
name: Zanellati, Maria Clara
name: Powers, Alex E.
Publisher: name: Rockefeller University Press
Year: 2024

description: The E4 variant of APOE strongly predisposes individuals to late-onset Alzheimer's disease. We demonstrate that in response to lipogenesis, apolipoprotein E (APOE) in astrocytes can avoid translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen and traffic to lipid droplets (LDs) via membrane bridges at ER-LD contacts. APOE knockdown promotes fewer, larger LDs after a fatty acid pulse, which contain more unsaturated triglyceride after fatty acid pulse-chase. This LD size phenotype was rescued by chimeric APOE that targets only LDs. Like APOE depletion, APOE4-expressing astrocytes form a small number of large LDs enriched in unsaturated triglyceride. Additionally, the LDs in APOE4 cells exhibit impaired turnover and increased sensitivity to lipid peroxidation. Our data indicate that APOE plays a previously unrecognized role as an LD surface protein that regulates LD size and composition. APOE4 causes aberrant LD composition and morphology. Our study contributes to accumulating evidence that APOE4 astrocytes with large, unsaturated LDs are sensitized to lipid peroxidation, which could contribute to Alzheimer's disease risk.
Factors Affecting Farmers’ Utilization of Agricultural Risk Management Tools: The Case of Crop Insurance, Forward Contracting, and Spreading Sales
Creators: name: Velandia, Margarita M.
name: Rejesus, Roderick M.
name: Knight, Thomas O.
name: Sherrick, Bruce J.
name: Velandia, Margarita M.
name: Rejesus, Roderick M.
name: Knight, Thomas O.
name: Sherrick, Bruce J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: adoption decisions
subject: crop insurance
subject: forward contracting
subject: multinomial probit
subject: multivariate probit
subject: risk management
subject: spreading sales

description: Factors affecting the adoption of crop insurance, forward contracting, and spreading sales are analyzed using multivariate and multinomial probit approaches that account for simultaneous adoption and/or correlation among the three risk management adoption decisions. Our empirical results suggest that the decision to adopt crop insurance, forward contracting, and/or spreading sales are correlated. Richer insights can be drawn from our multivariate and multinomial probit analysis than from separate, single-equation probit estimation that assumes independence of adoption decisions. Some factors significantly affecting the adoption of the risk management tools analyzed are proportion of owned acres, off-farm income, education, age, and level of business risks.
Hipposideros doriae
Creators: name: Huang, Joe Chun-Chia
name: Jazdzyk, Elly Lestari
name: Nusalawo, Meyner
name: Maryanto, Ibnu
name: Maharadatunkamsi
name: Wiantoro, Sigit
name: Kingston, Tigga
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Chiroptera
Hipposideridae
Hipposideros
Hipposideros doriae

description: Hipposideros doriae (Peters, 1871)
Bornean leaf-nosed bat
 New records
Lampung Province: Sukabanjar Forest, Sukaraja Forest.
 New material
Three individuals were collected as voucher specimens. Lampung Province: Sukaraja Forest, 1♂, 2♀♀ (MZB 35801–35803).
 Previous records from Sumatra
 Aceh Province: Aceh (as H. sabanus in van Strien, 1996, but see Simmons, 2005).
 Remarks
 This was the smallest Hipposideros species (Table 2) in the survey area. It is distinct from other Hipposideros bats in the lack of vertical septa in the posterior noseleaf and smaller body size. All H. doriae were captured in forest with an elevation of 450 to 755 m. Our record is the most southern of its range in Sumatra.
description: Published as part of Huang, Joe Chun-Chia, Jazdzyk, Elly Lestari, Nusalawo, Meyner, Maryanto, Ibnu, Maharadatunkamsi, Wiantoro, Sigit & Kingston, Tigga, 2014, A recent bat survey reveals Bukit Barisan Selatan Landscape as a chiropteran diversity hotspot in Sumatra, pp. 413-449 in Acta Chiropterologica 16 (2) on page 428, DOI: 10.3161/150811014X687369, http://zenodo.org/record/3943617
The diameter of the set of boundary slopes of a knot
Creators: name: Klaff, Ben
name: Shalen, Peter B
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M15, 57M25, 57M50

description: Let K be a tame knot with irreducible exterior M(K) in a closed, connected, orientable 3--manifold Sigma such that pi_1(Sigma) is cyclic. If infinity is not a strict boundary slope, then the diameter of the set of strict boundary slopes of K, denoted d_K, is a numerical invariant of K. We show that either (i) d_K >= 2 or (ii) K is a generalized iterated torus knot. The proof combines results from Culler and Shalen [Comment. Math. Helv. 74 (1999) 530-547] with a result about the effect of cabling on boundary slopes.
description: This is the version published by Algebraic & Geometric Topology on 29 August 2006
Few Prison Systems Release Individual Death Data: Death in Custody Reporting Act Completeness, Speed, and Compliance
Creators: name: Lao, Jennifer
name: Behne, Forrest
name: Fliss, Mike Dolan
name: Brinkley-Rubinstein, Lauren
Publisher: name: Wolters Kluwer
Year: 2024

description: The United States has one of the largest incarcerated populations per capita. Prisons are dangerous environments, with high in-prison and postrelease mortality. The Death in Custody Reporting Acts (DCRAs) of 2000 and 2013 require deaths of people in correctional custody or caused by law enforcement to be reported to the Bureau of Justice Assistance. These deaths must be reported within 3 months of the death and include 10 required fields (eg, age, cause of death). There is no public reporting requirement. Our Third City Mortality project tracks near-real-time data about individual deaths released publicly and prison system metadata, including data completeness and release speed, across (N = 54) US state, federal (N = 2; Bureau of Prisons, Immigration and Customs Enforcement), Washington, District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico prison systems. Twenty-one (38%) systems release no individual death data; 13 systems release incomplete data slower than 1 year; 19 release timely, but incomplete, death data; and only one system (Iowa) releases complete and timely data. Incomplete, untimely, public prison mortality data limit protective community responses and epidemiology.
The Eclipse of 21 June 1629 in Beijing in the Context of the Reform of the Chinese Calendar
Creators: name: Alighieri, Sperello di Serego
name: Corsi, Elisabetta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper examines the predictions made by Chinese, Muslim and Jesuit astronomers of the eclipse of 21 June 1629 in Beijing, allegedly the event that determined Emperor Chongzhen's resolution to reform the calendar using the Western method. In order to establish the accuracy of these predictions, as reported at the time by the Chinese scholar and convert Xu Guangqi, we have compared them with an accurate reconstruction of the eclipse made at NASA. In contrast with current opinions, we argue that the prediction made by the Jesuits was indeed the most accurate. It was in fact instrumental in dissipating Chongzhen's doubts about the need to entrust Jesuit missionaries serving at the Chinese court with the task of reforming the calendar, leading to the first important scientific collaboration between Europe and China.
description: Published by Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage
Atmospheric Erosion by Giant Impacts onto Terrestrial Planets: A Scaling Law for any Speed, Angle, Mass, and Density
Creators: name: Kegerreis, Jacob A.
name: Eke, Vincent R.
name: Catling, David C.
name: Massey, Richard J.
name: Teodoro, Luis F. A.
name: Zahnle, Kevin J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new scaling law to predict the loss of atmosphere from planetary collisions for any speed, angle, impactor mass, target mass, and body compositions, in the regime of giant impacts onto broadly terrestrial planets with relatively thin atmospheres. To this end, we examine the erosion caused by a wide range of impacts, using 3D smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations with sufficiently high resolution to directly model the fate of low-mass atmospheres around 1% of the target's mass. Different collision scenarios lead to extremely different behaviours and consequences for the planets. In spite of this complexity, the fraction of lost atmosphere is fitted well by a power law. Scaling is independent of the system mass for a constant impactor mass ratio. Slow atmosphere-hosting impactors can also deliver a significant mass of atmosphere, but always accompanied by larger proportions of their mantle and core. Different Moon-forming impact hypotheses suggest that around 10 to 60% of a primordial atmosphere could have been removed directly, depending on the scenario. We find no evident departure from the scaling trends at the extremes of the parameters explored. The scaling law can be incorporated readily into models of planet formation.
description: Published in ApJL. 12 pages, 6 figures
Survey # 86
Creators: name: Institut Für Demoskopie Allensbach
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2021

description: Technology progress (2); Russia supporting German reunification (1); life of Moscow citizens (5); American supporting German reunification (1); banks (12); atomic bombs affecting weather (1); weather influencing health (1); visiting moon in next fifty years (1); American artificial satellite (1); Oder-Neisse line (1); agreement with Konrad Adenauer policies (1); likelihood of reunification (1); Geneva Conference (3); France supporting German reunification (1); Adenauer Moscow visit (4); personal travel to Moscow (1); financial advice (3); difference between savings and commercial bank (4); newspaper and magazine readership (2); recognizing logo (1); wearing hats (14); skin care and makeup routine (22); preferred living room (1); soap (9); shaving habits (9); hair loss (2); dandruff (1); Saar issues (5).
Probabilistic Projection of the Sex Ratio at Birth and Missing Female Births by State and Union Territory in India
Creators: name: Chao, Fengqing
name: Guilmoto, Christophe Z.
name: C., Samir K.
name: Ombao, Hernando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62P25 (Primary) 91D20 (Secondary)

description: The sex ratio at birth (SRB) in India has been reported imbalanced since the 1970s. Previous studies have shown a great variation in the SRB across geographic locations in India till 2016. As one of the most populous countries and in view of its great regional heterogeneity, it is crucial to produce probabilistic projections for the SRB in India at state level for the purpose of population projection and policy planning. In this paper, we implement a Bayesian hierarchical time series model to project SRB in India by state. We generate SRB probabilistic projections from 2017 to 2030 for 29 States and Union Territories (UTs) in India, and present results in 21 States/UTs with data from the Sample Registration System. Our analysis takes into account two state-specific factors that contribute to sex-selective abortion and resulting sex imbalances at birth: intensity of son preference and fertility squeeze. We project that the largest contribution to female births deficits is in Uttar Pradesh, with cumulative number of missing female births projected to be 2.0 (95% credible interval [1.9; 2.2]) million from 2017 to 2030. The total female birth deficits during 2017-2030 for the whole India is projected to be 6.8 [6.6; 7.0] million.
Hipposideros larvatus
Creators: name: Huang, Joe Chun-Chia
name: Jazdzyk, Elly Lestari
name: Nusalawo, Meyner
name: Maryanto, Ibnu
name: Maharadatunkamsi
name: Wiantoro, Sigit
name: Kingston, Tigga
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Chiroptera
Hipposideridae
Hipposideros
Hipposideros larvatus

description: Hipposideros larvatus (Horsfield, 1823)
Intermediate leaf-nosed bat
 New records
Lampung Province: Kuyung Arang Village, Pemerihan Village, Sridadi cave, Sukaraja Forest, Sukaraja Village, Sumber Rejo Village, Way Canguk Forest.
 New material
Two individuals were collected as specimens. Lampung Province: Sumber Rejo Village, 1♂, 1♀ (MZB 34980, 34981).
 Previous records from Sumatra
 North Sumatra Province: a cave near Sipegeh (Whitten et al., 2000); and throughout Sumatra by van Strien (1996).
 Remarks
 Hipposideros larvatus was the most common and abundant insectivorous species in both forests and plantations of the survey area. It was found roosting in Gimbar 1 and Sridadi caves with Emballonura monticola and Miniopterus magnater respectively. Previous studies report geographic variations in body size and F MAXE of echolocation calls across the distribution range of H. larvatus (Kitchener and Maryanto, 1993; Thabah et al., 2006). Our samples exhibit similar body size (FA 51.1–60.0 mm, 56.4 mm, n = 479) and F MAXE (99–101 kHz) to populations in Peninsular Malaysia but differ from the populations in Myanmar, India, and China (see more details in Kitchener and Maryanto, 1993; Thabah et al., 2006). In our study sites, it can be distinguished from all Hipposideros species, except H. diadema, by presence of three lateral leaflets, and from H. diadema by smaller body size and different color patterns.
description: Published as part of Huang, Joe Chun-Chia, Jazdzyk, Elly Lestari, Nusalawo, Meyner, Maryanto, Ibnu, Maharadatunkamsi, Wiantoro, Sigit & Kingston, Tigga, 2014, A recent bat survey reveals Bukit Barisan Selatan Landscape as a chiropteran diversity hotspot in Sumatra, pp. 413-449 in Acta Chiropterologica 16 (2) on page 428, DOI: 10.3161/150811014X687369, http://zenodo.org/record/3943617
Effects of Price and Quality Differences in Source Differentiated Beef on Market Demand
Creators: name: Lee, Young-Jae
name: Kennedy, P. Lynn
name: Lee, Young-Jae
name: Kennedy, P. Lynn
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: beef
subject: quality complement
subject: quality difference
subject: quality substitute

description: In order to estimate demand elasticities of source differentiated beef in South Korea, this study used the quantity of an endogenous demand system derived through maximizing the economic welfare of market participants including local beef consumers and local and foreign beef suppliers. The demand system is then weighted with respect to quality adjustment parameters to identify the effects of quality differences in source differentiated beef on market demand. As implied by the high relative price of locally produced ‘‘Hanwoo’’ beef, substitutability between local and imported beef is shown to be very weak and the own price elasticity of South Korean beef is shown to be inelastic. Related to quality differences between source differentiated beef, South Korean beef consumers show a preference for Australian beef relative to U.S. and Canadian beef, perhaps due to BSE concerns.
Optical bottle microresonators with axially-uniform eigenmode field distribution
Creators: name: Sumetsky, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the fundamental eigenmode of a shallow optical bottle microresonator (also called a SNAP microresonator) can be made exceptionally uniform along its axial length. The introduced microresonator has the effective radius variation resembling the profile of a bat with ears and wings. Remarkably, reduction of the axial size of this microresonator by cutting the wings does not alter the uniformity of its fundamental eigenmode. Being of general interest, our findings pave a way for improving the perceptibility of micro/nanoparticle sensing. These results also suggest a bottle microresonator suitable for accurate assembling of quantum emitters near the maximum of its eigenmode important in cavity quantum electrodynamics.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Operator product expansion and quark condensate from Lattice QCD in coordinate space
Creators: name: Gimenez, V.
name: Lubicz, V.
name: Mescia, F.
name: Porretti, V.
name: Reyes, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a Lattice QCD determination of the chiral quark condensate based on a new method. We extract the quark condensate from the operator product expansion of the quark propagator at short euclidean distances, where it represents the leading contribution in the chiral limit. From this study we obtain ^ms(2 GeV)=-(265+-5+-22 MeV)^3$, in good agreement with determinations of this quantity based on different approaches. The simulation is performed by using the O(a)-improved Wilson action at beta=6.45 on a volume 32^3\times70 in the quenched approximation.