cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The RTApipe framework for the gamma-ray real-time analysis software development
Creators: name: Parmiggiani, N.
name: Bulgarelli, A.
name: Beneventano, D.
name: Fioretti, V.
name: Di Piano, A.
name: Baroncelli, L.
name: Addis, A.
name: Tavani, M.
name: Pittori, C.
name: Oya, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the multi-messenger era, coordinating observations between astronomical facilities is mandatory to study transient phenomena (e.g. Gamma-ray bursts) and is achieved by sharing information with the scientific community through networks such as the Gamma-ray Coordinates Network. The facilities usually develop real-time scientific analysis pipelines to detect transient events, alert the astrophysical community, and speed up the reaction time of science alerts received from other observatories. We present in this work the RTApipe framework, designed to facilitate the development of real-time scientific analysis pipelines for present and future gamma-ray observatories. This framework provides pipeline architecture and automatisms, allowing the researchers to focus on the scientific aspects and integrate existing science tools developed with different technologies. The pipelines automatically execute all the configured analyses during the data acquisition. This framework can be interfaced with science alerts networks to perform follow-up analysis of transient events shared by other facilities. The analyses are performed in parallel and can be prioritised. The workload is highly scalable on a cluster of machines. The framework provides the required services using containerisation technology for easy deployment. We present the RTA pipelines developed for the AGILE space mission and the prototype of the SAG system for the ground-based future Cherenkov Telescope Array observatory confirming that the RTApipe framework can be used to successfully develop pipelines for the gamma-ray observatories, both space and ground-based.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures. Published on Astronomy and Computing
title: Effects and Prerequisites of Self-Generation in Inquiry-Based Learning
Creators: name: Streich, Irina
name: Mayer, Jürgen
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: inquiry-based learning
subject: generation effect
subject: self-generation
subject: retention
subject: self-generation success
subject: cognitive load
subject: 370
subject: Lernen
subject: Autopoiese
subject: Retention
subject: Kognitives Lernen

description: Gefördert durch den Publikationsfonds der Universität Kassel
Liquid demixing in elastic networks: cavitation, permeation, or size selection?
Creators: name: Ronceray, Pierre
name: Mao, Sheng
name: Košmrlj, Andrej
name: Haataja, Mikko P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Demixing of multicomponent biomolecular systems via liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) has emerged as a potentially unifying mechanism governing the formation of several membrane-less intracellular organelles ("condensates"), both in the cytoplasm (e.g., stress granules) and in the nucleoplasm (e.g., nucleoli). While both in vivo experiments and studies of synthetic systems demonstrate that LLPS is strongly affected by the presence of a macromolecular elastic network, a fundamental understanding of the role of such networks on LLPS is still lacking. Here we show that, upon accounting for capillary forces responsible for network expulsion, small-scale heterogeneity of the network, and its nonlinear mechanical properties, an intriguing picture of LLPS emerges. Specifically, we predict that, in addition to the experimentally observed cavitated droplets which fully exclude the network, two other phases are thermodynamically possible: elastically arrested, size-limited droplets at the network pore scale, and network-including macroscopic droplets. In particular, pore size-limited droplets may emerge in chromatin networks, with implications for structure and function of nucleoplasmic condensates.
description: 6 pages, 7 pages SI
Multiprocessing for the Particle Tracking Model MODPATH
Creators: name: Pérez-Illanes, Rodrigo
name: Fernàndez-Garcia, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Particle tracking has several important applications for solute transport studies in aquifer systems. Travel time distribution at observation points, particle coordinates in time and streamlines are some practical results providing information of expected transport patterns and interaction with boundary conditions. However, flow model complexity and simultaneous displacement of multiple particle groups leads to rapid increase of computational requirements. MODPATH is a particle tracking engine for MODFLOW models and source code displays potential for parallel processing of particles. This article addresses the implementation of this feature with the OpenMP library. Two synthetic aquifer applications are employed for performance tests on a desktop computer with increasing number of particles. Speed up analysis shows that dynamic thread scheduling is preferable for highly heterogeneous flows, providing processing adaptivity to the presence of slow particles. In simulations writing particles position in time, thread exclusive output files lead to higher speed up factors. Results show that above a threshold number of particles, simulation runtimes become independent of flow model grid complexity and are controlled by the large number of particles, then parallel processing reduces simulation runtimes for the particle tracking model MODPATH.
Simulation of S/TEM Images for Discrete Dislocation Dynamics and Molecular Dynamics
Creators: name: Tessmer, Joseph
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 91299 Materials Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Materials engineering

description: Dislocations in crystalline materials have a strong impact on mechanical properties. As a result, identification of dislocation type and density has been a core part of materials characterization for decades. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) is a commonly used technique for such characterization experiments. In recent years, modalities such as Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) have been used to produce imageswith defect contrast (STEM-DCI). While there is a robust body of work describing defect contrast in conventional TEM, STEM-DCI is a developing field and thus lacks available comparisons in literature for many types and configurations of dislocations. This work combines dynamical electron diffraction simulations with material modeling techniques to produce simulated S/TEM images of dislocation microstructures. These images can be used to identify contrast features in experimentally captured images, as well as to provide a mechanism for the comparison of simulated microstructures with their real world counterparts. Two material models are considered, namely Molecular Dynamics (MD) and Discrete Dislocation Dynamics (DDD). For each of these, an approach to integrating the results with the scattering matrix formalism of dynamical electron diffraction is described. Then, modifications to the standard approach for scattering matrix computations are detailed which allow STEM images to computed in a computationally efficient manner. Next, simulated images for the same microstructure are presented for both the MD and DDD models, along with validation images comparing the results of these newly developed image simulations with those from existing work. Experimental and simulated images of similar dislocation structures are compared qualitatively, then TEM and STEM images simulated from MD simulations of dislocation dissociation in High-Entropy Alloys (HEAs)are presented, followed by STEM images of a number of complex dislocation configurations simulated with DDD.Finally, future work is proposed to integrate additional materials models with the STEMDCI framework presented here, as well as to perform a quantitative dislocation analysis experiment using simulated images.
Criticality-Enhanced Quantum Sensing in the Anisotropic Quantum Rabi Model
Creators: name: Zhu, Xin
name: Lü, Jia-Hao
name: Ning, Wen
name: Wu, Fan
name: Shen, Li-Tuo
name: Yang, Zhen-Biao
name: Zheng, Shi-Biao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Quantum systems that undergo quantum phase transitions exhibit divergent susceptibility and can be exploited as probes to estimate physical parameters. We generalize the dynamic framework for criticality-enhanced quantum sensing by the quantum Rabi model (QRM) to its anisotropic counterpart and derive the correspondingly analytical expressions for the quantum Fisher information (QFI). We find that the contributions of the rotating-wave and counterrotating-wave interaction terms are symmetric at the limit of the infinite ratio of qubit frequency to field frequency, with the QFI reaching a maximum for the isotropic quantum Rabi model. At finite frequency scaling, we analytically derive the inverted variance of higher-order correction and find that it is more affected by the rotating-wave coupling than by the counterrotating-wave coupling.
$c-a$ from the $N=1$ superconformal index
Creators: name: Ardehali, Arash Arabi
name: Liu, James T.
name: Szepietowski, Phillip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a prescription for obtaining the difference of the central charges, c-a, of a four dimensional superconformal quantum field theory from its single-trace index. The formula is derived from a one-loop holographic computation, but is expected to be valid independent of holography. We demonstrate the prescription with several holographic and non-holographic examples. As an application of our formula, we show the AdS/CFT matching of c-a for arbitrary toric quiver CFTs without adjoint matter that are dual to smooth Sasaki-Einstein 5-manifolds.
description: 19 pages. v2: minor changes, reference added. v3: minor clarifications, published version. v4: a typo in Table 2 fixed
A realization of a quasi-random walk for atoms in time-dependent optical potentials
Creators: name: Hinkel, T.
name: Ritsch, H.
name: Genes, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the time dependent dynamics of an atom in a two-color pumped cavity, longitudinally through a side mirror and transversally via direct driving of the atomic dipole. The beating of the two driving frequencies leads to a time dependent effective optical potential that forces the atom into a non-trivial motion, strongly resembling a discrete random walk behavior between lattice sites. We provide both numerical and analytical analysis of such a quasi-random walk behavior.
An Independent Evaluation of ChatGPT on Mathematical Word Problems (MWP)
Creators: name: Shakarian, Paulo
name: Koyyalamudi, Abhinav
name: Ngu, Noel
name: Mareedu, Lakshmivihari
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study the performance of a commercially available large language model (LLM) known as ChatGPT on math word problems (MWPs) from the dataset DRAW-1K. To our knowledge, this is the first independent evaluation of ChatGPT. We found that ChatGPT's performance changes dramatically based on the requirement to show its work, failing 20% of the time when it provides work compared with 84% when it does not. Further several factors about MWPs relating to the number of unknowns and number of operations that lead to a higher probability of failure when compared with the prior, specifically noting (across all experiments) that the probability of failure increases linearly with the number of addition and subtraction operations. We also have released the dataset of ChatGPT's responses to the MWPs to support further work on the characterization of LLM performance and present baseline machine learning models to predict if ChatGPT can correctly answer an MWP. We have released a dataset comprised of ChatGPT's responses to support further research in this area.
Spectral flow, crossing forms and homoclinics of Hamiltonian systems
Creators: name: Waterstraat, Nils
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 58J30 (Primary) 37J45, 58E07 (Secondary)

description: We prove a spectral flow formula for one-parameter families of Hamiltonian systems under homoclinic boundary conditions, which relates the spectral flow to the relative Maslov index of a pair of curves of Lagrangians induced by the stable and unstable subspaces, respectively. Finally, we deduce sufficient conditions for bifurcation of homoclinic trajectories of one-parameter families of nonautonomous Hamiltonian vector fields.
description: 35 pages; v2: final version, Theorem 2.7 improved according to referee's suggestions, additional minor changes
Lucrarea redusă a solului în agricultura ecologică. Avantaje, provocări și implementare
Creators: name: Lefebvre, Nicolas
name: Bernet, Thomas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: fertilitatea solului
agricultură ecologică
Lucrare redusă a solului

description: Acest ghid tehnic explică avantajele și provocările pe care le presupune cultivarea redusă a solului în agricultura ecologică și oferă informații relevante despre diferite sisteme de cultivare redusă a solului și despre punerea lor în practică.
Direct topological factorization for topological flows
Creators: name: Meyerovitch, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37B05, 37B10, 37B50, 37B40

description: This paper considers the general question of when a topological action of a countable group can be factored into a direct product of a nontrivial actions. In the early 1980's D. Lind considered such questions for $\mathbb{Z}$-shifts of finite type. We study in particular direct factorizations of subshifts of finite type over $\mathbb{Z}^d$ and other groups, and $\mathbb{Z}$-subshifts which are not of finite type. The main results concern direct factors of the multidimensional full $n$-shift, the multidimensional $3$-colored chessboard and the Dyck shift over a prime alphabet. A direct factorization of an expansive $\mathbb{G}$-action must be finite, but a example is provided of a non-expansive $\mathbb{Z}$-action for which there is no finite direct prime factorization. The question about existence of direct prime factorization of expansive actions remains open, even for $\mathbb{G}=\mathbb{Z}$.
description: 21 pages, some changes and remarks added in response to suggestions by the referee. To appear in ETDS
On inhomogeneous extension of Thue-Roth's type inequality with moving targets
Creators: name: Kumar, Veekesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 11J68, Secondary 11J87

description: Let $Γ\subset \overline{\mathbb Q}^{\times}$ be a finitely generated multiplicative group of algebraic numbers. Let $δ, β\in\overline{\mathbb Q}^\times$ be algebraic numbers with $β$ irrational. In this paper, we prove that there exist only finitely many triples $(u, q, p)\inΓ\times\mathbb{Z}^2$ with $d = [\mathbb{Q}(u):\mathbb{Q}]$ such that $$ 0<|δqu+β-p|<\frac{1}{H^\varepsilon(u)q^{d+\varepsilon}}, $$ where $H(u)$ denotes the absolute Weil height. As an application of this result, we also prove a transcendence result, which states as follows: Let $α>1$ be a real number. Let $β$ be an algebraic irrational and $λ$ be a non-zero real algebraic number. For a given real number $\varepsilon >0$, if there are infinitely many natural numbers $n$ for which $||λα^n+β|| < 2^{- \varepsilon n}$ holds true, then $α$ is transcendental, where $||x||$ denotes the distance from its nearest integer. When $α$ and $β$ both are algebraic satisfying same conditions, then a particular result of Kulkarni, Mavraki and Nguyen, proved in [3] asserts that $α^d$ is a Pisot number. When $β$ is algebraic irrational, our result implies that no algebraic number $α$ satisfies the inequality for infinitely many natural numbers $n$. Also, our result strengthens a result of Wagner and Ziegler [6]. The proof of our results uses the Subspace Theorem based on the idea of Corvaja and Zannier [2] together with various modification play a crucial role in the proof.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2001.00386
Discrete integrable systems generated by Hermite-Padé approximants
Creators: name: Aptekarev, Alexander I.
name: Derevyagin, Maxim
name: Van Assche, Walter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 42C05, 37K10

description: We consider Hermite-Padé approximants in the framework of discrete integrable systems defined on the lattice $\mathbb{Z}^2$. We show that the concept of multiple orthogonality is intimately related to the Lax representations for the entries of the nearest neighbor recurrence relations and it thus gives rise to a discrete integrable system. We show that the converse statement is also true. More precisely, given the discrete integrable system in question there exists a perfect system of two functions, i.e., a system for which the entire table of Hermite-Padé approximants exists. In addition, we give a few algorithms to find solutions of the discrete system.
description: 20 pages
Effective bounds on differences of singular moduli that are S-units
Creators: name: Campagna, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Given a singular modulus $j_0$ and a set of rational primes $S$, we study the problem of effectively determining the set of singular moduli $j$ such that $j-j_0$ is an $S$-unit. For every $j_0 \neq 0$, we provide an effective way of finding this set for infinitely many choices of $S$. The same is true if $j_0=0$ and we assume the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis. Certain numerical experiments will also lead to the formulation of a "uniformity conjecture" for singular $S$-units.
description: To appear in Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
Learning Large Neighborhood Search for Vehicle Routing in Airport Ground Handling
Creators: name: Zhou, Jianan
name: Wu, Yaoxin
name: Cao, Zhiguang
name: Song, Wen
name: Zhang, Jie
name: Chen, Zhenghua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Dispatching vehicle fleets to serve flights is a key task in airport ground handling (AGH). Due to the notable growth of flights, it is challenging to simultaneously schedule multiple types of operations (services) for a large number of flights, where each type of operation is performed by one specific vehicle fleet. To tackle this issue, we first represent the operation scheduling as a complex vehicle routing problem and formulate it as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model. Then given the graph representation of the MILP model, we propose a learning assisted large neighborhood search (LNS) method using data generated based on real scenarios, where we integrate imitation learning and graph convolutional network (GCN) to learn a destroy operator to automatically select variables, and employ an off-the-shelf solver as the repair operator to reoptimize the selected variables. Experimental results based on a real airport show that the proposed method allows for handling up to 200 flights with 10 types of operations simultaneously, and outperforms state-of-the-art methods. Moreover, the learned method performs consistently accompanying different solvers, and generalizes well on larger instances, verifying the versatility and scalability of our method.
description: Accepted by IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering (TKDE)
Chinese university-based physical education teacher educators’ professional learning and development needs
Creators: name: Gong, Yueying
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The aim of this research is to explore the professional learning and development (PLD) needs of Chinese university-based physical education teacher educators (PETEds) and their views about effective ways to address them. This is significant given the limited research exploring this group of teacher educators. There are three studies in my PhD. The first study uses quantitative methods of data collection and data analysis to examine what PLD activities that Chinese university-based PETEds most needs, and the best ways to address their PLD needs. Results indicated that the majority of PETEds had a strong desire to undertake further professional learning activities in three areas: subject knowledge and didactic with particular emphasis on professional training in specific types of sports, research-related academic activities and institutional activities. They preferred formal learning programmes as well as international learning activities to address these needs. Following the results from the first study, study two uses qualitative methods to explore Chinese university-based PETEds’ PLD needs for involvement in research activities. A sample of fifteen university-based PETEds were sourced after completing the survey. The results conveyed that the motives for Chinese university-based PETEds to be involved in research activities tend to be extrinsic to the individual. Study three aims to explore how Chinese teachers who are teaching in physical education teacher education (PETE) programmes in universities position their professional identity. Fifteen interviews and five follow-up interviews were conducted. It was found that Chinese teachers who were involved in PETE programmes perceived their professional identity more as university teachers than teacher educators.
OSHA’s Rulemaking Timeline: Causes of Delay and Options for Improving Efficiency
Creators: name: DeFoe, Tiffany
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: FOS: Political science

description: The length of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) air contaminants rulemaking process impairs the agency’s capacity to protect workers from exposure to toxic chemicals and increases the burdens of the regulatory process to all participants. My researchevaluates several strategies to shorten OSHA’s rulemaking timeline using a networked process model based on information gathered from in-depth interviews with rulemaking experts to simulate a key stage of OSHA’s rulemaking process. From the results of this analysis, Irecommend that OSHA should take steps to streamline its process for developing a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking by designing templates for components of its rules and taking steps to reduce the length of time required to perform key regulatory analyses. OSHA should complement this effort with rulemaking strategies that address worker exposures to multiple chemicals simultaneously.
Exploring the influence of different velocity fields on Wolf-Rayet star spectra
Creators: name: Lefever, Roel R.
name: Sander, Andreas A. C.
name: Shenar, Tomer
name: Poniatowski, Luka G.
name: Dsilva, Karan
name: Todt, Helge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Given their strong stellar winds, Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars exhibit emission line spectra that are predominantly formed in expanding atmospheric layers. The description of the wind velocity field $v(r)$ is therefore a crucial ingredient in the spectral analysis of WR stars, possibly influencing the determination of stellar parameters. In view of this, we perform a systematic study by simulating a sequence of WR-star spectra for different temperatures and mass-loss rates using $β$-type laws with $0.5\leqβ\leq 20$. We quantify the impact of varying $v(r)$ by analysing diagnostic lines and spectral classifications of emergent model spectra computed with the Potsdam Wolf-Rayet (PoWR) code. We additionally cross-check these models with hydrodynamically consistent -- hydro -- model atmospheres. Our analysis confirms that the choice of the $β$-exponent has a strong impact on WR-star spectra, affecting line widths, line strengths and line profiles. In some parameter regimes, the entire range of WR subtypes could be covered. Comparison with observed WR stars and hydro models revealed that values of $β\gtrsim 8$ are unlikely to be realized in nature, but a range of $β$-values needs to be considered in spectral analysis. UV spectroscopy is crucial here to avoid an underestimation of the terminal velocity $v_\infty$. Neither single- nor double-$β$ descriptions yield an acceptable approximation of the inner wind when compared to hydro models. Instead, we find temperature shifts to lower $T_{2/3}$ when employing a hydro model. Additionally, there are further hints that round-lined profiles seen in several early WN stars are an effect from non-$β$ velocity laws.
description: 19 pages, 21 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Ad Omnipotens - the Superfallacy Complex of the False Blame of Power
Creators: name: Guan, Gregor
name: .
name: .
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: logic, fallacies, complex, ad omnipotens, ad omnidecidiens, ad omniscientia, ad omniacta, trauma, guilt, blame, shame

description: The conserved Newtonian set of the three fallacies of power that are the core elements of all power-blame complexes: false assumption of contextual omnipotent decision-making (ad omnidecidiens), knowledge possession and use (ad omniscience), and action (ad omniacta) in self or another that persist trauma and its attendant symptoms.
Asymmetric Data Acquisition System for an Endoscopic PET-US Detector
Creators: name: Zorraquino, Carlos
name: Bugalho, Ricardo
name: Rolo, Manuel
name: Silva, Jose C.
name: Vecklans, Viesturs
name: Silva, Rui
name: Ortigao, Catarina
name: Neves, Jorge A.
name: Tavernier, Stefaan
name: Guerra, Pedro
name: Varela, Joao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: According to current prognosis studies of pancreatic cancer, survival rate nowadays is still as low as 6% mainly due to late detections. Taking into account the location of the disease within the body and making use of the level of miniaturization in radiation detectors that can be achieved at the present time, EndoTOFPET-US collaboration aims at the development of a multimodal imaging technique for endoscopic pancreas exams that combines the benefits of high resolution metabolic information from Time-Of- Flight (TOF) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and anatomical information from ultrasound (US). A system with such capabilities calls for an application-specific high-performance Data Acquisition System (DAQ) able to control and readout data from two different detectors.
Iso Edge Domains
Creators: name: Sikirić, Mathieu Dutour
name: Kummer, Mario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Iso-edge domains are a variant of the iso-Delaunay decomposition introduced by Voronoi. They were introduced by Baranovskii & Ryshkov in order to solve the covering problem in dimension $5$. In this work we revisit this decomposition and prove the following new results: $\bullet$ We review the existing theory and give a general mass-formula for the iso-edge domains. $\bullet$ We prove that the associated toroidal compactification of the moduli space of principally polarized abelian varieties is projective. $\bullet$ We prove the Conway--Sloane conjecture in dimension $5$. $\bullet$ We prove that the quadratic forms for which the conorms are non-negative are exactly the matroidal ones in dimension $5$.
Jet-dilepton conversion in expanding quark-gluon plasma
Creators: name: Fu, Yong-Ping
name: Xi, Qin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the production of large mass dileptons from the jet-dilepton conversion in the expanding quark-gluon plasma at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and Large Hadron Collider (LHC) energies. The jet-dilepton conversion exceeds the thermal dilepton production and Drell-Yan process in the large mass region of 3.9 GeV$
description: 7 pages, 8 figures
Linear Viscoelastic Properties of the Vertex Model for Epithelial Tissues
Creators: name: Tong, Sijie
name: Singh, Navreeta K.
name: Sknepnek, Rastko
name: Kosmrlj, Andrej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Epithelial tissues act as barriers and, therefore, must repair themselves, respond to environmental changes and grow without compromising their integrity. Consequently, they exhibit complex viscoelastic rheological behavior where constituent cells actively tune their mechanical properties to change the overall response of the tissue, e.g., from solid-like to fluid-like. Mesoscopic mechanical properties of epithelia are commonly modeled with the vertex model. While previous studies have predominantly focused on the rheological properties of the vertex model at long time scales, we systematically studied the full dynamic range by applying small oscillatory shear and bulk deformations in both solid-like and fluid-like phases for regular hexagonal and disordered cell configurations. We found that the shear and bulk responses in the fluid and solid phases can be described by standard spring-dashpot viscoelastic models. Furthermore, the solid-fluid transition can be tuned by applying pre-deformation to the system. Our study provides insights into the mechanisms by which epithelia can regulate their rich rheological behavior.
description: 24 pages, 10 figures + Supplemental Information (12 pages, 12 figures)
Diversity matters: Robustness of bias measurements in Wikidata
Creators: name: Das, Paramita
name: Karnam, Sai Keerthana
name: Panda, Anirban
name: Guda, Bhanu Prakash Reddy
name: Sarkar, Soumya
name: Mukherjee, Animesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With the widespread use of knowledge graphs (KG) in various automated AI systems and applications, it is very important to ensure that information retrieval algorithms leveraging them are free from societal biases. Previous works have depicted biases that persist in KGs, as well as employed several metrics for measuring the biases. However, such studies lack the systematic exploration of the sensitivity of the bias measurements, through varying sources of data, or the embedding algorithms used. To address this research gap, in this work, we present a holistic analysis of bias measurement on the knowledge graph. First, we attempt to reveal data biases that surface in Wikidata for thirteen different demographics selected from seven continents. Next, we attempt to unfold the variance in the detection of biases by two different knowledge graph embedding algorithms - TransE and ComplEx. We conduct our extensive experiments on a large number of occupations sampled from the thirteen demographics with respect to the sensitive attribute, i.e., gender. Our results show that the inherent data bias that persists in KG can be altered by specific algorithm bias as incorporated by KG embedding learning algorithms. Further, we show that the choice of the state-of-the-art KG embedding algorithm has a strong impact on the ranking of biased occupations irrespective of gender. We observe that the similarity of the biased occupations across demographics is minimal which reflects the socio-cultural differences around the globe. We believe that this full-scale audit of the bias measurement pipeline will raise awareness among the community while deriving insights related to design choices of data and algorithms both and refrain from the popular dogma of ``one-size-fits-all''.
description: 11 pages
Biochemical analysis of respiratory metabolism in the heterofermentative Lactobacillus spicheri and Lactobacillus reuteri
Creators: Ianniello, Rocco G.
Zheng, Jinshui
Zotta, Teresa
Ricciardi, Annamaria
Gänzle, Michael G.
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2015

Aims: This study evaluated the aerobic and respiratory metabolism in Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus spicheri, two heterofermentative species used in sourdough fermentation. Methods and Results: In silico genome analysis, production of metabolites and gene expression of pyruvate oxidase, pyruvate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase were assessed in anaerobic and aerobic cultures of Lact. reuteri and Lact. spicheri. Respiring homofermentative Lactobacillus casei N87 and Lact. rhamnosus N132 were used for comparison. Aerobiosis and respiration increased the biomass production of heterofermentative strains compared to anaerobic cultivation. Respiration led to acetoin production by Lact. rhamnosus and Lact. casei, but not in heterofermentative strains, in which lactate and acetate were the major end-products. Lactobacillus spicheri LP38 showed the highest oxygen uptake. Pyruvate oxidase, respiratory cytochromes, NADH oxidase and NADH peroxidase were present in the genome of Lact. spicheri LP38. Both Lact. spicheri LP38 and Lact. rhamnosus N132 overexpressed pox in aerobic cultures, while cydA was up-regulated only when haeme was supplied; pdh was repressed during aerobic growth. Conclusions: Aerobic and respiratory growth provided physiological and metabolic advantages also in heterofermentative lactobacilli. Significance and Impact of the Study: The exploitation of oxygen-tolerant phenotypes of Lact. spicheri may be useful for the development of improved starter cultures.
Ad Omnipotens - the Superfallacy Complex of the False Blame of Power
Creators: name: Guan, Gregor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: logic, fallacies, complex, ad omnipotens, ad omnidecidiens, ad omniscientia, ad omniacta, trauma, guilt, blame, shame

description: The conserved Newtonian set of the three fallacies of power that are the core elements of power-blame complexes: false assumption of contextual omnipotent decision-making, knowledge possession and use, and action in self or another that persist trauma and its attendant symptoms.
State property systems and orthogonality
Creators: name: Aerts, Dirk
name: Deses, Didier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The structure of a state property system was introduced to formalize in a complete way the operational content of the Geneva-Brussels approach to the foundations of quantum mechanics, and the category of state property systems was proven to be equivalence to the category of closure spaces. The first axioms of standard quantum axiomatics (state determination and atomisticity) have been shown to be equivalent to the $T_0$ and $T_1$ axioms of closure spaces, and classical properties to correspond to clopen sets, leading to a decomposition theorem into classical and purely nonclassical components for a general state property system. The concept of orthogonality, very important for quantum axiomatics, had however not yet been introduced within the formal scheme of the state property system. In this paper we introduce orthogonality in a operational way, and define ortho state property systems. Birkhoff's well known biorthogonal construction gives rise to an orthoclosure and we study the relation between this orthoclosure and the operational orthogonality that we introduced.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures, proceeding of the IQSA 2002 conference in Vienna
OAG-BERT: Towards A Unified Backbone Language Model For Academic Knowledge Services
Creators: name: Liu, Xiao
name: Yin, Da
name: Zheng, Jingnan
name: Zhang, Xingjian
name: Zhang, Peng
name: Yang, Hongxia
name: Dong, Yuxiao
name: Tang, Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Academic knowledge services have substantially facilitated the development of the science enterprise by providing a plenitude of efficient research tools. However, many applications highly depend on ad-hoc models and expensive human labeling to understand scientific contents, hindering deployments into real products. To build a unified backbone language model for different knowledge-intensive academic applications, we pre-train an academic language model OAG-BERT that integrates both the heterogeneous entity knowledge and scientific corpora in the Open Academic Graph (OAG) -- the largest public academic graph to date. In OAG-BERT, we develop strategies for pre-training text and entity data along with zero-shot inference techniques. In OAG-BERT, we develop strategies for pre-training text and entity data along with zero-shot inference techniques. Its zero-shot capability furthers the path to mitigate the need of expensive annotations. OAG-BERT has been deployed for real-world applications, such as the reviewer recommendation function for National Nature Science Foundation of China (NSFC) -- one of the largest funding agencies in China -- and paper tagging in AMiner. All codes and pre-trained models are available via the CogDL toolkit.
description: Accepted to KDD 2022
Strong odd-frequency correlations in fully gapped Zeeman-split superconductors
Creators: name: Linder, J.
name: Robinson, J. W. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is now well established that at a superconductor/ferromagnet (S/F) interface an unconventional superconducting state arises in which the pairing state is odd-frequency. The hallmark signature of this superconducting state is generally understood to be an enhancement of the electronic density of states (DoS) at subgap energies close to the S/F interface. However, here we show that an odd frequency state can be present even if the DoS is fully gapped. As an example, we show that this is the case in the pioneering S/FI (where FI is a insulating ferromagnet) tunneling experiments of Meservey and Tedrow, and we derive a generalized analytical criterium to describe the effect of odd-frequency pairing on the DoS. Finally, we propose a simple experiment in which odd-frequency pairing in a Zeeman-split superconductor can be unambiguously detected via the application of an external magnetic field.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures. Accepted for publication in Nature Scientific Reports
Gromov-Witten invariants of the Hilbert schemes of points of a K3 surface
Creators: name: Oberdieck, Georg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the enumerative geometry of rational curves on the Hilbert schemes of points of a K3 surface. Let $S$ be a K3 surface and let $\mathsf{Hilb}^d(S)$ be the Hilbert scheme of $d$ points of $S$. In case of elliptically fibered K3 surfaces $S \to \mathbb{P}^1$, we calculate genus $0$ Gromov-Witten invariants of $\mathsf{Hilb}^d(S)$, which count rational curves incident to two generic fibers of the induced Lagrangian fibration $\mathsf{Hilb}^d(S) \to \mathbb{P}^d$. The generating series of these invariants is the Fourier expansion of a power of the Jacobi theta function times a modular form, hence of a Jacobi form. We also prove results for genus $0$ Gromov-Witten invariants of $\mathsf{Hilb}^d(S)$ for several other natural incidence conditions. In each case, the generating series is again a Jacobi form. For the proof we evaluate Gromov-Witten invariants of the Hilbert scheme of $2$ points of $\mathbb{P}^1 \times E$, where $E$ is an elliptic curve. Inspired by our results, we conjecture a formula for the quantum multiplication with divisor classes on $\mathsf{Hilb}^d(S)$ with respect to primitive curve classes. The conjecture is presented in terms of natural operators acting on the Fock space of $S$. We prove the conjecture in the first non-trivial case $\mathsf{Hilb}^2(S)$. As a corollary, we find that the full genus $0$ Gromov-Witten theory of $\mathsf{Hilb}^2(S)$ in primitive classes is governed by Jacobi forms. We present two applications. A conjecture relating genus $1$ invariants of $\mathsf{Hilb}^d(S)$ to the Igusa cusp form was proposed in joint work with R. Pandharipande in \cite{K3xE}. Our results prove the conjecture in case $d=2$. Finally, we present a conjectural formula for the number of hyperelliptic curves on a K3 surface passing through $2$ general points.
description: Fully revised version. New material: A second proof of main result using a Kummer K3, and a conjecture for hyperelliptic curve counts on K3 surfaces. 117 pages. Compiling problem in last version
Machine learning-based direct solver for one-to-many problems on temporal shaping of relativistic electron beams
Creators: name: Wan, Jinyu
name: Jiao, Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To control the temporal profile of a relativistic electron beam to meet requirements of various advanced scientific applications like free-electron-laser and plasma wakefield acceleration, a widely-used technique is to manipulate the dispersion terms which turns out to be one-to-many problems. Due to their intrinsic one-to-many property, current popular stochastic optimization approaches on temporal shaping may face the problems of long computing time or sometimes suggesting only one solution. Here we propose a real-time solver for one-to-many problems of temporal shaping, with the aid of a semi-supervised machine learning method, the conditional generative adversarial network (CGAN). We demonstrate that the CGAN solver can learn the one-to-many dynamics and is able to accurately and quickly predict the required dispersion terms for different custom temporal profiles. This machine learning-based solver is expected to have the potential for wide applications to one-to-many problems in other scientific fields.
Open Access Publishing Workshop
Creators: name: Karoune, Emma
name: Bates, Jennifer
name: Lancelotti, Carla
name: García-Granero, Juan José
name: Ruiz-Pérez, Javier
name: Madella, Marco
name: Kerfant, Celine
name: Dunseth, Zachary
name: Musaubach, Maria Gabriela
name: Dabengwa, Abraham
name: Ge, Yong
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Open Access
Reproducible Research
Training
Open Publishing

description: This is the first workshop on Open Access Publishing in a series of workshop about Open Research Skills. This workshop covers: Introduction to open access publishing Types of open access publishing Examples of open access publishing journals and platforms Benefits of open access publishing Types of outputs that can be published Demonstration Demonstrating open publishing Showing how a reproducible article is published and all the different outputs that are linked to it and how to do this Exercise Discuss and explore open publishing giving examples of different articles that show how open publishing works. We will pick those that show data and code deposited in repositories and also that use of protocol.io for publishing open methods List of training workshops in Open Research Skills: 24th February 2023 - Open access publishing 24th March 2023 - Using repositories 21st April 2023 - GitHub basics 28th April 2023 - GitHub collaborative workflows 26th May 2023 - Standard vocabularies and ontologies 30th June 2023 - FAIR data Project overview: Our project aims to upskill participants in open research skills to increase the quality and reusability of phytolith research and related disciplines such as archaeology, palaeosciences and plant sciences. We will run six hands-on training workshops on open access publishing and research outputs, using repositories, ontologies and standard vocabularies, implementation of FAIR Guidelines for phytolith research, and two workshops on Github basic and advanced skills. The materials from all workshops will be archived as self-study courses on our website (https://open-phytoliths.netlify.app/). We will also provide translation during workshops and training materials into multiple languages.
Characterization and properties of weakly optimal entanglement witnesses
Creators: name: Wang, Bang-Hai
name: Xu, Hai-Ru
name: Campbell, Steve
name: Severini, Simone
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of the properties and characteristics of weakly optimal entanglement witnesses, that is witnesses whose expectation value vanishes on at least one product vector. Any weakly optimal entanglement witness can be written as the form of $W^{wopt}=σ-c_σ^{max} I$, where $c_σ^{max}$ is a non-negative number and $I$ is the identity matrix. We show the relation between the weakly optimal witness $W^{wopt}$ and the eigenvalues of the separable states $σ$. Further we give an application of weakly optimal witnesses for constructing entanglement witnesses in a larger Hilbert space by extending the result of [P. Badzicag {\it et al}, Phys. Rev. A {\bf 88}, 010301(R) (2013)], and we examine their geometric properties.
description: 13 pages, 2 figures, has been extensively redrafted and restructured
Supplementary materials for Graves’ disease and inflammatory bowel disease: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization
Creators: name: Xian, Wei
name: Wu, Dide
name: Liu, Boyuan
name: Hong, Shubin
name: Huo, Zijun
name: Xiao, Haipeng
name: Li, Yanbing
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 110306 Endocrinology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description:
 Supplementary materials for JCEM about Graves' disease and inflammatory bowel disease
On the extraction of the intrinsic light-quark sea in the proton
Creators: name: Chang, Wen-Chen
name: Peng, Jen-Chieh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The HERMES collaboration recently reported a reevaluation of the strange-quark parton distribution, $S(x)$, based on kaon production in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering. Two distinct results on $S(x)$ at the $x> 0.1$ region, one with a sizable magnitude and another with a vanishing content, were reported. We show that the latter result is due to a particular assumption adopted in the analysis. The impact of the new HERMES $S(x)$ result on the extraction of intrinsic light-quark sea in the proton is discussed. Given the large uncertainty in the kaon fragmentation function, we find that the latest HERMES data do not exclude the existence of a significant intrinsic strange-quark sea in the proton. The $x$ dependence of the $(s+\bar s)/(\bar u+ \bar d)$ ratio is also in qualitative agreement with the presence of intrinsic strange-quark sea.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures and 1 table