cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Confirmation Bias: Examples from Dairy Cow Nutrition and Their Impact on Evidence-Based Veterinary Medicine
Creators: name: VAN VUUREN, Ad
Publisher: name: Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety (VESPA)
Year: 2015

description: In 1989 a Boeing 737 crashed in the Amazon jungle after running out of fuel 600 miles off course. The accident was due to human failures, being incorrect input of the required direction and misinterpreting external signals thereby (mis)confirming that the plane headed the right way and that the crew was infallible; a situation in psychology known as confirmation bias.Confirmation bias is the tendency to search for, interpret, or recall information in a way that confirms one's beliefs or hypotheses. Also in (Veterinary) Science external signals can be helpful to confirm one’s beliefs or hypothesis, but an open, critical attitude must be considered to prevent confirmation bias. Therefore veterinary (and other) nutritionists should:
-utilise facts and insights obtained in well-designed experiments to develop sound unbiased theories on the aetiology of nutrition-based animal diseases and to generate preferable interventions to prevent or treat such diseases.
-reflect on the effect of dogmas in dairy cow nutrition, which may have consequences for preventing for example laminitis and metabolic disorders in early-lactation.
This brings to Evidence-Based Veterinary Clinical Nutrition whose development, advantages and disadvantages of Evidence-Based Veterinary Medicine (EBVM) have been reviewed recently (Vandeweerd et al., 2012). Similar to evidence-based medicine, EBVM distinguishes five sequential steps: (1) formulate answerable questions, (2) locate best evidence to answer the question, (3) assess internal validity of the obtained information, (4) integrate validated information with own clinical expertise and the unique situation of patient and owner and (5) assess effectiveness and efficiency of the therapy to improve future appraisals (Schmidt, 2007, Fajt et al., 2009, Vandeweerd et al., 2012). In a contribution of Roudebush et al. (2004) examples for applying EBVM in clinical nutrition have been presented, showing how this approach can improve patient outcomes. Two examples will be analysed in detail: sub-acute ruminal acidosis and lipopolysaccharides as a cause of laminitis and postpartum low feed intake as a causes of metabolic disorders in early-lactation.
We will see that to develop and update preventive and therapeutic interventions, a critical, unbiased approach is essential to deliver professional veterinary support to patients and owners coherent with the rapidly-evolving state of art.
description: International Journal of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Vol 2, No 1s (2015): Proceeding of Veterinary and Animal Science Days
Οι γενικές αρχές του δικαίου του περιβάλλοντος
Creators: name: Καμαριώτου, Λεμονιά Παναγιώτη
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2018
Subjects: Γενικές αρχές
Περιβάλλον
Δίκαιο περιβάλλοντος
General principles
Environment
Environmental law

description: Η παρούσα εργασία εξετάζει τις σημαντικότερες γενικές αρχές που διαπνέουν το δίκαιο του περιβάλλοντος, και ειδικότερα την αρχή της πρόληψης, την αρχή της προφύλαξης, την αρχή της επανόρθωσης των καταστροφών κατά προτεραιότητα στην πηγή, την αρχή της βιώσιμης ανάπτυξης ή της αειφορίας, την αρχή «ο ρυπαίνων πληρώνει» και την αρχή της συνεργασίας ή της συμμετοχής των πολιτών. Συγκεκριμένα, καταγράφονται τα γενικά χαρακτηριστικά τους, το θεωρητικό υπόβαθρο της θέσπισης τους και η νομολογιακή εφαρμογή τους τόσο σε διεθνές και ευρωπαϊκό, όσο και σε εθνικό επίπεδο
description: This study examines the most important general principles of environmental law, and especially the principle of preventive action, the precautionary principle, principle of combating pollution at source, the principle of sustainable development, principle of integration, principle of high level protection, «the polluter pays principle», and the principle of cooperation. It represents the general environmental principles’ characteristics, how the principles were established and used not only in international and European, but also in our national legal system
Discovery of novel thiosemicarbazone derivatives with potent and selective anti-Candida glabrata activity
Creators: name: Li, Xianru
name: Li, Liping
name: Zhang, Haonan
name: Chi, Xiaochen
name: Jiang, Yuanying
name: Ni, Tingjunhong
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: A series of 21 novel compounds containing a thiosemicarbazone moiety were designed and synthesised based on hit compound 1 from our in-house compound library screening. Most compounds showed potent antifungal activity in vitro against seven common pathogenic fungi. Notably, all compounds showed high potency against Candida glabrata 537 (MIC = ≤0.0156-2 µg/mL). Of note, compounds 5j and 5r displayed excellent antifungal activity against Candida krusei 4946 and Candida auris 922. Additionally, compounds 5j and 5r also showed high potency against 15 C. glabrata isolates with MIC values ranging from 0.0625 µg/mL to 4 µg/mL, with compound 5r being slightly superior to 5j. Moreover, compound 5r has certain effect against biofilm formation of C. glabrata. Furthermore, compound 5r has minimal cytotoxicity against HUVECs with an IC50 value of 15.89 µg/mL and no haemolysis at 64 µg/mL. Taken together, these results suggest that promising lead compound 5r deserves further investigation.
Additional file 2 of Health-related quality of life and self-reported cognitive function in patients with delayed neurocognitive recovery after radical prostatectomy: a prospective follow-up study
Creators: name: Kahl, Ursula
name: Callsen, Sarah
name: Beck, Stefanie
name: Pinnschmidt, Hans
name: Breunig, Franziska Von
name: Haese, Alexander
name: Graefen, Markus
name: Zöllner, Christian
name: Fischer, Marlene
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. Deterioration of postoperative cognitive function was based on the calculation of z-scores ([postoperative result—preoperative result]/SDpre-OP). Data are presented as median with interquartile range. DNCR = delayed neurocognitive recovery; CVLT = California verbal learning test.
An efficient direct band-gap transition in germanium by three-dimensional strain
Creators: name: Mellaerts, Simon
name: Afanasiev, Valeri
name: Seo, Jin Won
name: Houssa, Michel
name: Locquet, Jean-Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Complementary to the development of highly three-dimensional (3D) integrated circuits in the continuation of Moore's law, there has been a growing interest in new 3D deformation strategies to improve device performance. To continue this search for new 3D deformation techniques, it is essential to explore beforehand - using computational predictive methods - which strain tensor leads to the desired properties. In this work, we study germanium (Ge) under an isotropic 3D strain on the basis of first-principle methods. The transport and optical properties are studied by a fully ab initio Boltzmann transport equation and many-body Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) approach, respectively. Our findings show that a direct band gap in Ge could be realized with only 0.34% triaxial tensile strain (negative pressure) and without the challenges associated with Sn doping. At the same time a significant increase in refractive index and carrier mobility - particularly for electrons - is observed. These results demonstrate that there is a huge potential in exploring the 3D deformation space for semiconductors - and potentially many other materials - in order to optimize their properties.
description: Accepted at ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
Additional file 1 of Health-related quality of life and self-reported cognitive function in patients with delayed neurocognitive recovery after radical prostatectomy: a prospective follow-up study
Creators: name: Kahl, Ursula
name: Callsen, Sarah
name: Beck, Stefanie
name: Pinnschmidt, Hans
name: Breunig, Franziska Von
name: Haese, Alexander
name: Graefen, Markus
name: Zöllner, Christian
name: Fischer, Marlene
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Nonlinear categorical principal components analysis (CATPCA) was used to graphically display the relationship between the initial set of variables [35, 36]. Clinically relevant variables subjected to CATPCA were: age, Body Mass Index (BMI), American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status (ASA), education, cardiovascular risk, pN stage, Gleason score, tumor volume, positive surgical margin, pT stage, prostate-specific antigen (PSA, preoperative), androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), estimated blood loss, type of surgery, colloid fluids, preoperative Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ9), preoperative Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE). Angles between vectors of variables indicate their degree of correlation (cosine of angle ≙ correlation); the vector lengths indicate the explanatory value of variables. For example, variables pN-stage and tumor volume are extremely highly positively correlated (collinear) but pN-stage has a somewhat lower explanatory value of the two. From among highly correlated variables, only those with the highest explanatory value and/or highest clinical relevance were considered in the general linear models: age, BMI, ASA, education, Gleason score, tumor volume, ADT, type of surgery, PHQ9, MMSE.
Mycoplasmas: small but perfectly formed
Creators: name: NICHOLAS, Robin
Publisher: name: Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety (VESPA)
Year: 2015

description: Interest in mycoplasmas stems from their importance as serious animal and human pathogens, their frequent contamination of cell lines and, because of their small size, for their use as models of the minimal cell concept.
They have traditionally been seen as highly host specific but this is being reviewed in view of recent detections of animal mycoplasmas in unlikely hosts including humans. Some highlights include:
• Mycoplasmas, containing as few as 450 genes, are the smallest free-living organisms on the planet
• They were the first synthetically created life forms
• While the majority of mycoplasmas are harmless, the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) have listed 4 mycoplasma diseases because of their serious socio-economic impacts
• 10-15% of cell lines used for virus research are contaminated with mycoplasma

Are they the real the causes of TSEs and other undiagnosed human conditions?
description: International Journal of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Vol 2, No 1s (2015): Proceeding of Veterinary and Animal Science Days
To What Extent Does DNA Methylation Affect Phenotypic Variation in Cattle?
Creators: name: McKAY, Stephanie
Publisher: name: Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety (VESPA)
Year: 2015

description: DNA methylation is an environmentally influenced epigenetic modification that regulates gene transcription and has the potential to influence variation in economically important phenotypes in agricultural species. We have utilized a novel approach to evaluate the relationship between genetic and epigenetic variation and downstream phenotypes. To begin with, we have integrated RNA-Seq and methyl binding domain sequencing (MBD-Seq) data in order to determine the extent to which DNA methylation affects phenotypic variation in economically important traits of cattle. MBD-Seq is a technique that involves the sample enrichment of methylated genomic regions followed by their next-generation sequencing. This study utilized Illumina next generation sequencing technology to perform both RNA-Seq and MBD-Seq. NextGENe software (SoftGenetics, State College, PA) was employed for quality trimming and aligning the sequence reads to the UMD3.1 bovine reference genome, generating counts of matched reads and methylated peak identification. Subsequently, we identified and quantified genome-wide methylated regions and characterized the extent of differential methylation and differential expression between two groups of animals with extreme phenotypes. The program edgeR from the R software package (version 3.0.1) was employed for identifying differentially methylated regions and regions of differential expression. Finally, Partial Correlation with Information Theory (PCIT) was performed to identify transcripts and methylation events that exhibit differential hubbing. A differential hub is defined as a gene network hub that is more highly connected in one treatment group than the other. This analysis produced every possible pair-wise interaction that subsequently enabled us to look at network interactions of how methylation affects expression. (co-expression, co-methylation, methylation x expression). Genomic regions of interest derived from this analysis were then aligned to previously identified QTL and GWAS regions using Animal QTL database. The approach described here has provided us with evidence that QTL and GWAS regions overlay genomic regions where methylation may regulate transcription.
description: International Journal of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Vol 2, No 1s (2015): Proceeding of Veterinary and Animal Science Days
Metal-Insulator Transition in $n$-type bulk crystals and films of strongly compensated SrTiO$_3$
Creators: name: Huang, Yi
name: Ayino, Y.
name: Shklovskii, B. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We start by analyzing experimental data of Spinelli [A. Spinelli, M. A. Torija, C. Liu, C. Jan, and C. Leighton, Phys. Rev. B 81, 155110 (2010)] for conductivity of $n$-type bulk crystals of SrTiO$_3$ (STO) with broad electron concentration $n$ range of $4\times 10^{15}$ - $4 \times10^{20} $ cm$^{-3}$, at low temperatures. We obtain good fit of the conductivity data, $σ(n)$, by the Drude formula for $n \geq n_c \simeq 3 \times 10^{16} $ cm$^{-3}$ assuming that used for doping insulating STO bulk crystals are strongly compensated and the total concentration of background charged impurities is $N = 10^{19}$ cm$^{-3}$. At $n< n_c$, the conductivity collapses with decreasing $n$ and the Drude theory fit fails. We argue that this is the metal-insulator transition (MIT) in spite of the very large Bohr radius of hydrogen-like donor state $a_B \simeq 700$ nm with which the Mott criterion of MIT for a weakly compensated semiconductor, $na_B^3 \simeq 0.02$, predicts $10^{5}$ times smaller $n_c$. We try to explain this discrepancy in the framework of the theory of the percolation MIT in a strongly compensated semiconductor with the same $N=10^{19}$ cm$^{-3}$. In the second part of this paper, we develop the percolation MIT theory for films of strongly compensated semiconductors. We apply this theory to doped STO films with thickness $d \leq 130$ nm and calculate the critical MIT concentration $n_c(d)$. We find that, for doped STO films on insulating STO bulk crystals, $n_c(d)$ grows with decreasing $d$. Remarkably, STO films in a low dielectric constant environment have the same $n_c(d)$. This happens due to the Rytova-Keldysh modification of a charge impurity potential which allows a larger number of the film charged impurities to contribute to the random potential.
description: 7 pages, 2+1 figures. Published version with added Appendix on Metal-insulator transition in STO wires
Additional file 2 of STEAP3 can predict the prognosis and shape the tumor microenvironment of clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Creators: name: Wu, Jiyue
name: Bi, Qing
name: Zheng, Xiang
name: Cao, Huawei
name: Hao, Changzhen
name: Sun, Zejia
name: Wang, Wei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2: Table S2: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways analysis of the STEAP3-related genes.
Evidence for deconfined quantum criticality in a two-dimensional Heisenberg model with four-spin interactions
Creators: name: Sandvik, Anders W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using ground-state projector quantum Monte Carlo simulations in the valence bond basis, it is demonstrated that non-frustrating four-spin interactions can destroy the Neel order of the two-dimensional S=1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet and drive it into a valence-bond solid (VBS) phase. Results for spin and dimer correlations are consistent with a single continuous transition, and all data exhibit finite-size scaling with a single set of exponents; z=1, nu=0.78 +/- 0.03, and eta=0.26 +/- 0.03. The unusually large eta and an emergent U(1) symmetry, detected using VBS order parameter histograms, provide strong evidence for a deconfined quantum critical point.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures. v2: typo in Fig. 2 corrected. v3: minor changes, published version
Additional file 3 of Health-related quality of life and self-reported cognitive function in patients with delayed neurocognitive recovery after radical prostatectomy: a prospective follow-up study
Creators: name: Kahl, Ursula
name: Callsen, Sarah
name: Beck, Stefanie
name: Pinnschmidt, Hans
name: Breunig, Franziska Von
name: Haese, Alexander
name: Graefen, Markus
name: Zöllner, Christian
name: Fischer, Marlene
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3. Cognitive failures assessed with the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire and health-related quality of life 12 months after radical prostatectomy. Health-related quality of life was evaluated with the Short-Form Health Survey SF-36. Eight subscales and two component summary scores are presented as medians with interquartile ranges.
Third-order polarizability of interlayer excitons in hetero-bilayers
Creators: name: Quintela, M. F. C. Martins
name: Henriques, J. C. G.
name: Peres, N. M. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we employ a fully microscopic approach to the study of interlayer excitons in hetero-bilayers. We use Fowler's and Karplus' method to access the dynamical polarizability of non--interacting interlayer excitons in a $\mathrm{WSe}_{2}/\mathrm{WS}_{2}$--based van der Waals heterostructure. Following from the calculation of the linear polarizability, we consider Svendsen's variational method to the calculation of the dynamic third--order polarizability. With this variational method, we study both two--photon absorption and third--harmonic generation processes for interlayer excitons in a $\mathrm{WSe}_{2}/\mathrm{WS}_{2}$ hetero--bilayer, discussing the various selection rules of intra--excitonic energy level transitions.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures
Quasiclassical theory of charge transport across mesoscopic normal metal-superconducting heterostructures with current conservation
Creators: name: Seja, Kevin Marc
name: Löfwander, Tomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the steady-state nonequilibrium behavior of mesoscopic superconducting wires connected to normal-metal reservoirs. Going beyond the diffusive limit, we utilize the quasiclassical theory and perform a self-consistent calculation that guarantees current conservation through the entire system. Going from the ballistic to the diffusive limit, we investigate several crucial phenomena such as charge imbalance, momentum-resolved nonequilbrium distributions, and the current-to-superflow conversion. Connecting to earlier results for the diffusive case, we find that superconductivity can break down at a critical bias voltage $V_\mathrm{c}$. We find that $V_\mathrm{c}$ generally increases as the interface transparency is reduced, while the dependence on the mean-free path is non-monotonous. We discussthe key differences of the ballistic and semi-ballistic regimes to the fully diffusive case.
description: 17 pages, 14 figures
On isomorphism of simplicial complexes and their related algebras
Creators: name: Zaare-Nahandi, Rashid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13F55

description: In this paper, we provide a simple proof for the fact that two simplicial complexes are isomorphic if and only if their associated Stanley-Reisner rings, or their associated facet rings are isomorphic as $K$-algebras. As a consequence, we show that two graphs are isomorphic if and only if their associated edge rings are isomorphic as $K$-algebras. Based on an explicit $K$-algebra isomorphism of two Stanley-Reisner rings, or facet rings or edge rings, we present a fast algorithm to find explicitly the isomorphism of the associated simplicial complexes, or graphs.
Universality of the metal-insulator transition in three-dimensional disordered systems
Creators: name: Brndiar, J.
name: Markos, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The universality of the metal-insulator transition in three-dimensional disordered system is confirmed by numerical analysis of the scaling properties of the electronic wave functions. We prove that the critical exponent $ν$ and the multifractal dimensions $d_q$ are independent on the microscopic definition of the disorder and universal along the critical line which separates the metallic and the insulating regime.
Pure spin photocurrents
Creators: name: Ivchenko, E. L.
name: Tarasenko, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The pure spin currents, i.e., the counterflow of particles with opposite spin orientations, can be optically injected in semiconductors. Here, we develop a phenomenological theory, which describes the polarization dependencies of spin currents excited by linearly polarized light in bulk semiconductors and quantum well structures of various symmetries. We present microscopic descriptions of the pure spin photocurrents for interband optical transitions in undoped quantum wells as well as for direct intersubband and indirect intrasubband (Drude-like) transitions in n-doped quantum well structures. We also demonstrate that pure spin currents can be generated in structures of sufficiently low symmetries by simple electron gas heating. The theoretical results are compared with recent experimental observations.
description: 10 pages, 4 figure, to be published in a special issue of Semiconductor Science and Technology
Soliton Wall Superlattice in Quasi-One-Dimensional Conductor (Per)2Pt(mnt)2
Creators: name: Lebed, A. G.
name: Wu, Si
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We suggest a model to explain the appearance of a high resistance high magnetic field charge-density-wave (CDW) phase, discovered by D. Graf et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. v. 93, 076406 (2004)] in (Per)2Pt(mnt)2. In particular, we show that the Pauli spin-splitting effects improve the nesting properties of a realistic quasi-one-dimensional electron spectrum and, therefore, a high resistance Peierls CDW phase is stabilized in high magnetic fields. In low and very high magnetic fields, a periodic soliton wall superlattice (SWS) phase is found to be a ground state. We suggest experimental studies of the predicted phase transitions between the Peierls and SWS CDW phases in (Per)2Pt(mnt)2 to discover a unique SWS phase.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures. Submitted to Physical Review Letters (February 19, 2007)
Additional file 1 of Does the natural carcinogen ptaquiloside degrade readily in groundwater?
Creators: name: Wu, Jane S.
name: Clauson-Kaas, Frederik
name: Lindqvist, Dan Nybro
name: Rasmussen, Lars Holm
name: Strobel, Bjarne W.
name: Hansen, Hans Christian Bruun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: Additional file 1: Section 1. Cation effect on the stability of PTA at pH 7.5. Section 2. Effect of ionic strength on the stability of PTA at pH 3.1 and 6.0.
Mirage Torsion
Creators: name: Ploger, Felix
name: Ramos-Sanchez, Saul
name: Ratz, Michael
name: Vaudrevange, Patrick K. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Z_NxZ_M orbifold models admit the introduction of a discrete torsion phase. We find that models with discrete torsion have an alternative description in terms of torsionless models. More specifically, discrete torsion can be 'gauged away' by changing the shifts by lattice vectors. Similarly, a large class of the so-called generalized discrete torsion phases can be traded for changing the background fields (Wilson lines) by lattice vectors. We further observe that certain models with generalized discrete torsion are equivalent to torsionless models with the same gauge embedding but based on different compactification lattices. We also present a method of classifying heterotic Z_NxZ_M orbifolds.
description: 26 pages, 3 figures, v2: matches version published in JHEP
A numerical study of observational systematic errors in lensing analysis of CMB polarization
Creators: name: Nagata, Ryo
name: Namikawa, Toshiya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Impacts of observational systematic errors on the lensing analysis of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization are investigated by numerical simulations. We model errors of gain, angle, and pointing in observation of the CMB polarization and simulate polarization fields modulated by the errors. We discuss the response of systematics-induced $B$-modes to amplitude and spatial scale of the imposed errors and show that the results of the lensing reconstruction and delensing analysis behave according to it. It is observed that error levels expected in the near future lead to no significant degradation in delensing efficiency.
Additional file 2 of Functions of retinal astrocytes and Müller cells in mammalian myopia
Creators: name: Zhang, Xuhong
name: Yu, Xin
name: Wen, Yingying
name: Jin, Le
name: Zhang, Liyue
name: Zhu, Hong
name: Zhang, Dongyan
name: Xie, Chen
name: Guo, Dongyu
name: Tong, Jianping
name: Shen, Ye
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 2 .
Transverse $Λ^0$ polarization in inclusive quasi-real photoproduction: quark scattering model
Creators: name: Alikhanov, I.
name: Grebenyuk, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The transverse polarization of $Λ^0$ hyperons produced in the inclusive $ep$ reaction at the 27.6 GeV beam energy is assumed to appear mostly via scattering of the strange quark in a color field. Results of application of such an idea to the preliminary data of HERMES are presented. Contributions of $Σ^0$, $Ξ$, and $Σ^*$ resonances to the polarization are taken into account.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, corrected according to version accepted by Physics of Atomic Nuclei
Electrical current-driven pinhole formation and insulator-metal transition in tunnel junctions
Creators: name: Ventura, J.
name: Zhang, Z.
name: Liu, Y.
name: Sousa, J. B.
name: Freitas, P. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Current Induced Resistance Switching (CIS) was recently observed in thin tunnel junctions (TJs) with ferromagnetic (FM) electrodes and attributed to electromigration of metallic atoms in nanoconstrictions in the insulating barrier. The CIS effect is here studied in TJs with two thin (20 Å) non-magnetic (NM) Ta electrodes inserted above and below the insulating barrier. We observe resistance (R) switching for positive applied electrical current (flowing from the bottom to the top lead), characterized by a continuous resistance decrease and associated with current-driven displacement of metallic ions from the bottom electrode into the barrier (thin barrier state). For negative currents, displaced ions return into their initial positions in the electrode and the electrical resistance gradually increases (thick barrier state). We measured the temperature (T) dependence of the electrical resistance of both thin- and thick-barrier states ($R_b$ and R$_B$ respectively). Experiments showed a weaker R(T) variation when the tunnel junction is in the $R_b$ state, associated with a smaller tunnel contribution. By applying large enough electrical currents we induced large irreversible R-decreases in the studied TJs, associated with barrier degradation. We then monitored the evolution of the R(T) dependence for different stages of barrier degradation. In particular, we observed a smooth transition from tunnel- to metallic-dominated transport. The initial degradation-stages are related to irreversible barrier thickness decreases (without the formation of pinholes). Only for later barrier degradation stages do we have the appearance of metallic paths between the two electrodes that, however, do not lead to metallic dominated transport for small enough pinhole radius.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
Geschlecht, Migration und Arbeit (1800–1945). Studientag des Arbeitskreises Historische Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung NRW
Creators: name: Harders, Levke
name: Brockmeyer, Bettina
name: Kessel, Martina
Publisher: name: IZGOnZeit. Onlinezeitschrift des Interdisziplinären Zentrums für Geschlechterforschung (IZG)
Year: 2014

description: IZGOnZeit. Onlinezeitschrift des Interdisziplinären Zentrums für Geschlechterforschung (IZG), IFFOnZeit Nr. 3 (2014)
Displaced new physics at colliders and the early universe before its first second
Creators: name: Calibbi, Lorenzo
name: D'Eramo, Francesco
name: Junius, Sam
name: Lopez-Honorez, Laura
name: Mariotti, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Displaced vertices at colliders, arising from the production and decay of long-lived particles, probe dark matter candidates produced via freeze-in. If one assumes a standard cosmological history, these decays happen inside the detector only if the dark matter is very light because of the relic density constraint. Here, we argue how displaced events could very well point to freeze-in within a non-standard early universe history. Focusing on the cosmology of inflationary reheating, we explore the interplay between the reheating temperature and collider signatures for minimal freeze-in scenarios. Observing displaced events at the LHC would allow to set an upper bound on the reheating temperature and, in general, to gather indirect information on the early history of the universe.
description: 58 pages, 19 figures
Arbeitstagung der Konferenz der Einrichtungen für Frauen- und Geschlechterstudien im deutschsprachigen Raum (KEG) 2016
Creators: name: Wrede, Birgitta
name: Pache, Ilona
Publisher: name: IZGOnZeit. Onlinezeitschrift des Interdisziplinären Zentrums für Geschlechterforschung (IZG)
Year: 2016

description: IZGOnZeit. Onlinezeitschrift des Interdisziplinären Zentrums für Geschlechterforschung (IZG), IFFOnZeit Nr. 5 (2016)
Additional file 1 of Clinical signs associated with earlier diagnosis of children with autism Spectrum disorder
Creators: name: Sicherman, Nachum
name: Charite, Jimmy
name: Eyal, Gil
name: Janecka, Magdalena
name: Loewenstein, George
name: Kiely Law
name: Lipkin, Paul H.
name: Marvin, Alison R.
name: Buxbaum, Joseph D.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Appendix Table 1. Sample Socio-Economic Characteristics. Appendix Figure 1. Distribution of Clinical Signs & Symptoms by Levels of Severity. Appendix Table 2. The Effects of Various Variables on Age of Diagnosis. Appendix A. Regression Analyses. Appendix Table A1. Regressions of First Age of Diagnosis on Symptom Severity. Appendix Figure A1. The Effect of all Clinical Signs & Symptoms (Combined) on Age of Diagnosis. Appendix B: Testing for potential recall-bias. Appendix Table B1. Child age at diagnosis, at time of survey, and time elapsed. Appendix Table B2. The effects of Time Elapsed on the Liklihood that a sign is recalled and the reported severity of the symptom.
Immer Trouble mit Gender
Creators: name: Ullmann, Anika
name: Stemmann, Anna
Publisher: name: IZGOnZeit. Onlinezeitschrift des Interdisziplinären Zentrums für Geschlechterforschung (IZG)
Year: 2016

description: IZGOnZeit. Onlinezeitschrift des Interdisziplinären Zentrums für Geschlechterforschung (IZG), IFFOnZeit Nr. 5 (2016)
The 300 kpc Long X-ray Jet in PKS 1127-145, z=1.18 Quasar: Constraining X-ray Emission Models
Creators: name: Siemiginowska, Aneta
name: Stawarz, Lukasz
name: Cheung, C. C.
name: Harris, D. E.
name: Sikora, Marek
name: Aldcroft, Thomas L.
name: Bechtold, Jill
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a ~100 ksec Chandra X-ray observation and new VLA radio data of the large scale, 300 kpc long X-ray jet in PKS1127-145, a radio loud quasar at redshift z=1.18. With this deep X-ray observation we now clearly discern the complex X-ray jet morphology and see substructure within the knots. The X-ray and radio jet intensity profiles are seen to be strikingly different with the radio emission peaking strongly at the two outer knots while the X-ray emission is strongest in the inner jet region. The jet X-ray surface brightness gradually decreases by an order of magnitude going out from the core. The new X-ray data contain sufficient counts to do spectral analysis of the key jet features. The X-ray energy index of the inner jet is relatively flat with alpha_X = 0.66 +/-0.15 and steep in the outer jet with alpha_X = 1.0 +/-0.2. We discuss the constraints implied by the new data on the X-ray emission models and conclude that ``one-zone'' models fail and at least a two component model is needed to explain the jet's broad-band emission. We propose that the X-ray emission originates in the jet proper while the bulk of the radio emission comes from a surrounding jet sheath. We also consider intermittent jet activity as a possible cause of the observed jet morphology.
description: ApJ in press; 18 pages including 10 figures. All figures available at http://hea-www.harvard.edu/~aneta/PKS1127_2006/
Strong field gravitational lensing by hairy Kerr black holes
Creators: name: Islam, Shafqat Ul
name: Ghosh, Sushant G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent times witnessed a surge of interest in strong gravitational lensing by black holes due to the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) results, which suggest comparing the black hole lensing in general relativity and modified gravity theories. This may help us to assess the phenomenological differences between these models. A Kerr black hole is also a solution to some alternative theories of gravity, while recently obtained modified Kerr black holes (hairy Kerr black holes), which evade the no-hair theorem, are due to additional sources from surrounding fluid, like dark matter, having conserved energy momentum tensor (EMT). These hairy Kerr black holes may also be solutions to an alternative theory of gravity. We generalize previous work on gravitational lensing by a Kerr black hole in the strong deflection limits to the hairy Kerr black holes, with a deviation parameter $α$ and a primary hair $\ell_0$. Interestingly, the deflection coefficient $\bar{a}$ increases and decreases with increasing $\ell_0$ and $α$ respectively. $\bar{b}$ shows opposite behaviour with $\ell_0$ and $α$. We also find that the deflection angle $α_D$, angular position $θ_{\infty}$ and $u_{m}$ decrease, but angular separation $s$ increases with $α$. We compare our results with those for Kerr black holes, and also apply the formalism to discuss the astrophysical consequences in the context of the supermassive black holes Sgr A* and M87*. We observe that the deviations of the angular positions from that of the Kerr black hole are not more than $2.6~μ$as for Sgr A* and $1.96~μ$as for M87*, which are unlikely to be resolved by the current EHT observations.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures, 8 tables, minor typos corrected, accepted in Phys. Rev. D
Narratives of Masculinity
Creators: name: Horlacher Et Al., Stefan
Publisher: name: IZGOnZeit. Onlinezeitschrift des Interdisziplinären Zentrums für Geschlechterforschung (IZG)
Year: 2016

description: IZGOnZeit. Onlinezeitschrift des Interdisziplinären Zentrums für Geschlechterforschung (IZG), IFFOnZeit Nr. 5 (2016)
Εκτίμηση επιφανειακών συγκεντρώσεων διοξειδίου του αζώτου από δορυφορικές παρατηρήσεις της τροποσφαιρικής ΝΟ2 στήλης για την Νοτιοανατολική Ευρώπη
Creators: name: Αλεξανδρή, Φανή Αθανασίου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2018
Subjects: Δορυφορική Τηλεπισκόπηση
ΟΜΙ Ozone Monitoring Instrument
NO2
Remote Sensing

description: Στη συγκεκριμένη εργασία αναπτύσσεται μια προσπάθεια εκτίμησης των επιφανειακών συγκεντρώσεων διοξειδίου του αζώτου από τροποσφαιρικές στήλες του ΝΟ2 που εξήχθησαν από το Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) που βρίσκεται σε τροχιά στον δορυφόρο EOS/Aura. Η μέθοδος περιλαμβάνει τη χρήση προσομοιώσεων από ένα μοντέλο ποιότητας του αέρα (CAMx) πάνω από συγκεκριμένες περιοχές της Νοτιοανατολικής Ευρώπης που αντιπροσωπεύουν διαφορετικά χαρακτηριστικά ρύπανσης και πηγές εκπομπών ρύπων, χρησιμοποιώντας χωρική ανάλυση 10x10 km2. Αρχικά, υπολογίζουμε εμπειρικές σχέσεις αντίστοιχων προσομοιωμένων επιφανειακών συγκεντρώσεων. Στη συνέχεια, εφαρμόζουμε αυτές τις εμπειρικές σχέσεις στις δορυφορικές τροποσφαιρικές ΝΟ2 στήλες του οργάνου OMI/Aura, έτσι ώστε να εκτιμήσουμε την επιφανειακή συγκέντρωση του διοξειδίου του αζώτου. Οι επιφανειακές ΝΟ2 συγκεντρώσεις που προέρχονται από τον ΟΜΙ, για να επικυρωθούν, συγκρίνονται με επιτόπιες μετρήσεις της βάσης δεδομένων Air Quality database της European Environmental Agency για όλες τις περιοχές που μελετάμε. Η ποιότητα της συσχέτισης ποικίλει αρκετά ανάλογα με την περιοχή και την εποχή, με τις μεγαλύτερες τιμές της να εμφανίζονται στις βιομηχανικές και αγροτικές περιοχές κατά τη διάρκεια του χειμώνα όπου οι συγκεντρώσεις είναι υψηλότερες και ο συντελεστής συσχέτισης ξεπερνά την τιμή 0.5.
description: In this study we use an approach of estimating surface NO2 concentrations from tropospheric NO2 columns retrieved from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) onboard the EOS/Aura satellite. The method involves the use of model profiles from a chemical transport model (CAMx) over certain South-Eastern European sites representing different air pollution features and emission sources, using a spatial resolution of 10x10 km2. First, we calculated empirical relations between the simulated integrated tropospheric column of NO2 and the corresponding simulated surface concentration. Then, we applied these empirical relations to the satellite vertical tropospheric NO2 columns from the OMI/Aura satellite sensor, in order to estimate the surface concentration of NO2. The OMI-derived surface NO2 concentrations at satellite overpass time were compared, for validation purposes, to concurrent in situ information provided by Air Quality database of the European Environmental Agency for all the regions under study. The quality of the correlation varies greatly with region and season, being much higher over urban and industrial areas where the concentrations are high during wintertime and the comparison yields correlation coefficients of up to 0.5.
The local environmental dependence of galaxy properties in the volume-limited sample of Main Galaxies from the SDSS Data Release 5
Creators: name: Deng, Xin-Fa
name: He, Ji-Zhou
name: Zhang, Qun
name: He, Cong-Gen
name: Jiang, Peng
name: Xin, Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a volume-limited sample of Main Galaxies from the SDSS Data Release 5, we investigate the dependence of galaxy properties on local environment. For each galaxy, the local three-dimensional density is calculated. We find that galaxy morphologies strongly depend on local environment: galaxies in dense environments have predominantly early type morphologies, but other galaxy properties do not present significant dependence on local environment. Clearly, this puts a important constraint on proposed physical mechanisms.
description: 16 pages, 17 figures
Frequency prediction from exact or self-consistent meanflows
Creators: name: Bengana, Yacine
name: Tuckerman, Laurette S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A number of approximations have been proposed to estimate basic hydrodynamic quantities, in particular the frequency of a limit cycle. One of these, RZIF (for Real Zero Imaginary Frequency), calls for linearizing the governing equations about the mean flow and estimating the frequency as the imaginary part of the leading eigenvalue. A further reduction, the SCM (for Self-Consistent Model), approximates the mean flow as well, as resulting only from the nonlinear interaction of the leading eigenmode with itself. Both RZIF and SCM have proven dramatically successful for the archetypal case of the wake of a circular cylinder. Here, the SCM is applied to thermosolutal convection, for which a supercritical Hopf bifurcation gives rise to branches of standing waves and traveling waves. The SCM is solved by means of a full Newton method coupling the approximate mean flow and leading eigenmode. Although the RZIF property is verified for the traveling waves, the SCM reproduces the nonlinear frequency only very near the onset of the bifurcation and for another isolated parameter value. Thus, the nonlinear interaction arising from the leading mode is insufficient to reproduce the nonlinear mean field and frequency.
Additional file 3 of Long-term outcome after intensive care for COVID-19: differences between men and women—a nationwide cohort study
Creators: name: Zettersten, Erik
name: Engerström, Lars
name: Bell, Max
name: Jäderling, Gabriella
name: Mårtensson, Johan
name: Block, Linda
name: Larsson, Emma
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3. Univariate and multivariable Cox and logistic regression analysis for overall mortality.
Gender-Effekte. Wie Frauen die Technik von morgen gestalten
Creators: name: Winkelmann, Eva
Publisher: name: IZGOnZeit. Onlinezeitschrift des Interdisziplinären Zentrums für Geschlechterforschung (IZG)
Year: 2016

description: IZGOnZeit. Onlinezeitschrift des Interdisziplinären Zentrums für Geschlechterforschung (IZG), IFFOnZeit Nr. 5 (2016)
X-ray emission from the stellar population in M32
Creators: name: Revnivtsev, M.
name: Churazov, E.
name: Sazonov, S.
name: Forman, W.
name: Jones, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using Chandra observations, we study the X-ray emission of the stellar population in the compact dwarf elliptical galaxy M32. The proximity of M32 allows one to resolve all bright point sources with luminosities higher than 8e33 erg/s in the 0.5--7 keV band. The remaining (unresolved) emission closely follows the galaxy's optical light and is characterized by an emissivity per unit stellar mass of ~4.3e27 erg/s/M_sun in the 2--10 keV energy band. The spectrum of the unresolved emission above a few keV smoothly joins the X-ray spectrum of the Milky Way's ridge measured with RXTE and INTEGRAL. These results strongly suggest that weak discrete X-ray sources (accreting white dwarfs and active binary stars) provide the bulk of the ``diffuse'' emission of this gas-poor galaxy. Within the uncertainties, the average X-ray properties of the M32 stars are consistent with those of the old stellar population in the Milky Way. The inferred cumulative soft X-ray (0.5--2 keV) emissivity is however smaller than is measured in the immediate Solar vicinity in our Galaxy. This difference is probably linked to the contribution of young (age <1Gyr) stars, which are abundant in the Solar neighborhood but practically absent in M32. Combining Chandra, RXTE and INTEGRAL data, we obtain a broad-band (0.5--60 keV) X-ray spectrum of the old stellar population in galaxies.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures. Submitted to A&A
Additional file 1 of Long-term outcome after intensive care for COVID-19: differences between men and women—a nationwide cohort study
Creators: name: Zettersten, Erik
name: Engerström, Lars
name: Bell, Max
name: Jäderling, Gabriella
name: Mårtensson, Johan
name: Block, Linda
name: Larsson, Emma
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Flow chart.