cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Relative mass distributions of neutron-rich thermally fissile nuclei within statistical model
Creators: name: Kumar, Bharat
name: kannan, M. T. Senthil
name: Balasubramaniam, M.
name: Agrawal, B. K.
name: Patra, S. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the fission yield of recently predicted thermally fissile neutron-rich uranium and thorium nuclei using statistical model. The level density parameters needed for the study are evaluated from the excitation energies of temperature dependent relativistic mean field formalism. The excitation energy and the level density parameter for a given temperature are employed in the convolution integral method to obtain the probability of the particular fragmentation. As representative case, we present the results for the binary fission yield of 250 U and 254 Th. The relative yields are presented for three different temperatures T = 1, 2 and 3 MeV.
description: Comments are welcome. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1612.01667
Erratum to the article: Charge transfer to solvent identified using dark channel fluorescence-yield L-edge spectroscopy, NATURE CHEMISTRY 2 (2010) 853
Creators: name: Aziz, Emad F.
name: Rittmann-Frank, Hannelore
name: Lange, Kathrin M.
name: Bonhommeau, Sebastien
name: Chergui, Majed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Erratum to the article: Charge transfer to solvent identified using dark channel fluorescence-yield L-edge spectroscopy, NATURE CHEMISTRY 2 (2010) 853
description: The co-authors request retraction of the original Nature Chemistry 2 (2010) 853 article and the editor agreed
Uncertainties in s-process nucleosynthesis in massive stars determined by Monte Carlo variations
Creators: name: Nishimura, Nobuya
name: Hirschi, Raphael
name: Rauscher, Thomas
name: Murphy, Alexander St. J.
name: Cescutti, Gabriele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $s$-process in massive stars produces the weak component of the $s$-process (nuclei up to $A \sim 90$), in amounts that match solar abundances. For heavier isotopes, such as barium, production through neutron capture is significantly enhanced in very metal-poor stars with fast rotation. However, detailed theoretical predictions for the resulting final $s$-process abundances have important uncertainties caused both by the underlying uncertainties in the nuclear physics (principally neutron capture reaction and $β$-decay rates) as well as by the stellar evolution modeling. In this work, we investigated the impact of nuclear-physics uncertainties relevant to the $s$-process in massive stars. Using a Monte-Carlo based approach, we performed extensive nuclear reaction network calculations that include newly evaluated upper and lower limits for the individual temperature dependent reaction rates. We found that most of the uncertainty in the final abundances is caused by uncertainties in the neutron capture rates, while $β$-decay rate uncertainties affect only a few nuclei near $s$-process branchings. The $s$-process in rotating metal-poor stars shows quantitatively different uncertainties and key reactions, although the qualitative characteristics are similar. We confirmed that our results do not significantly change at different metallicities for fast rotating massive stars in the very low metallicity regime. We highlight which of the identified key reactions are realistic candidates for improved measurement by future experiments.
description: 18 pages, 13 figures, 9 tables; published version in MNRAS
Dispersive optical detection of magnetic Feshbach resonances in ultracold gases
Creators: name: Sawyer, Bianca J.
name: Horvath, Milena S. J.
name: Tiesinga, Eite
name: Deb, Amita B.
name: Kjærgaard, Niels
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetically tunable Feshbach resonances in ultracold atomic systems are chiefly identified and characterized through time consuming atom loss spectroscopy. We describe an off-resonant dispersive optical probing technique to rapidly locate Feshbach resonances and demonstrate the method by locating four resonances of $^{87}$Rb, between the $|\rm{F} = 1, \rm{m_F}=1 \rangle$ and $|\rm{F} = 2, \rm{m_F}=0 \rangle$ states. Despite the loss features being $\lesssim0.1$ G wide, we require only 21 experimental runs to explore a magnetic field range >18 G, where $1~\rm{G}=10^{-4}$ T. The resonances consist of two known s-wave features in the vicinity of 9 G and 18 G and two previously unobserved p-wave features near 5 G and 10 G. We further utilize the dispersive approach to directly characterize the two-body loss dynamics for each Feshbach resonance.
description: To appear in Physical Review A
On the complete perturbative solution of one-matrix models
Creators: name: Mironov, A.
name: Morozov, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We summarize the recent results about complete solvability of Hermitian and rectangular complex matrix models. Partition functions have very simple character expansions with coefficients made from dimensions of representation of the linear group $GL(N)$, and arbitrary correlators in the Gaussian phase are given by finite sums over Young diagrams of a given size, which involve also the well known characters of symmetric group. The previously known integrability and Virasoro constraints are simple corollaries, but no vice versa: complete solvability is a peculiar property of the matrix model (hypergeometric) $τ$-functions, which is actually a combination of these two complementary requirements.
description: 8 pages
Distinguishing Advective and Powered Motion in Self-Propelled Colloids
Creators: name: Byun, Young-Moo
name: Lammert, Paul E.
name: Hong, Yiying
name: Sen, Ayusman
name: Crespi, Vincent H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Self-powered motion in catalytic colloidal particles provides a compelling example of active matter, i.e. systems that engage in single-particle and collective behavior far from equilibrium. The long-time, long-distance behavior of such systems is of particular interest, since it connects their individual micro-scale behavior to macro-scale phenomena. In such analyses, it is important to distinguish motion due to subtle advective effects -- which also has long time scales and length scales -- from phenomena that derive from intrinsically powered motion. Here, we develop a methodology to analyze the statistical properties of the translational and rotational motions of powered colloids to distinguish, for example, active chemotaxis from passive advection by bulk flow.
Charged current neutrino interactions in hot and dense matter
Creators: name: Roberts, Luke F.
name: Reddy, Sanjay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the charged current absorption rate of electron and anti-electron neutrinos in dense matter using a fully relativistic approach valid at arbitrary matter degeneracy. We include mean field energy shifts due to nuclear interactions and the corrections due to weak magnetism. The rates are derived both from the familiar Fermi's Golden Rule, and from the techniques of finite temperature field theory, and shown to be equivalent. In various limits, these results can also be used to calculate neutral current opacities. We find that some pieces of the response have been left out in previous derivations and their contribution at high density can be significant. Useful formulae and detailed derivations are presented and we provide a new open source implementation of these opacities for use in radiation hydrodynamic simulations of core-collapse supernovae and neutron star mergers.
description: 20 pages, 5 figures. Accepted to PRC
MPEC 2023-F106 : 2014 PN70
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Cell-to-cell variability and robustness in S-phase duration from genome replication kinetics
Creators: name: Zhang, Qing
name: Bassetti, Federico
name: Gherardi, Marco
name: Lagomarsino, Marco Cosentino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Genome replication, a key process for a cell, relies on stochastic initiation by replication origins, causing a variability of replication timing from cell to cell. While stochastic models of eukaryotic replication are widely available, the link between the key parameters and overall replication timing has not been addressed systematically.We use a combined analytical and computational approach to calculate how positions and strength of many origins lead to a given cell-to-cell variability of total duration of the replication of a large region, a chromosome or the entire genome.Specifically, the total replication timing can be framed as an extreme-value problem, since it is due to the last region that replicates in each cell. Our calculations identify two regimes based on the spread between characteristic completion times of all inter-origin regions of a genome. For widely different completion times, timing is set by the single specific region that is typically the last to replicate in all cells. Conversely, when the completion time of all regions are comparable,an extreme-value estimate shows that the cell-to-cell variability of genome replication timing has universal properties. Comparison with available data shows that the replication program of three yeast species falls in this extreme-value regime.
Mean mass transport in an orbitally shaken cylindrical container
Creators: name: Bouvard, Julien
name: Herreman, Wietze
name: Moisy, Frederic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A cylindrical container partially filled with a liquid in orbital shaking motion, i.e. in circular translation with fixed orientation with respect to an inertial frame of reference, generates, along with a rotating sloshing wave, a mean flow rotating in the same direction as the wave. Here we investigate experimentally the structure and the scaling of the wave flow and the Lagrangian mean flow in the weakly nonlinear regime, for small forcing amplitude and for forcing frequency far from the resonance, using conventional and stroboscopic particle image velocimetry. The Lagrangian mean flow is composed of a strong global rotation near the center and a non trivial pattern of poloidal recirculation vortices of weaker amplitude, mostly active near the contact line. The global rotation near the center is robust with respect to changes in viscosity and forcing frequency, and its amplitude compares well with the predicted Stokes drift for an inviscid rotating sloshing wave. On the other hand, the spatial structure of the poloidal vortices show strong variation with viscosity and forcing frequency, suggesting that it results from the streaming flow driven by the complex oscillatory boundary layers near the contact line.
description: Accepted in Phys Rev Fluids
T-duality orbifolds of heterotic Narain compactifications
Creators: name: Nibbelink, Stefan Groot
name: Vaudrevange, Patrick K. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To obtain a unified framework for symmetric and asymmetric heterotic orbifold constructions we provide a systematic study of Narain compactifications orbifolded by finite order T-duality subgroups. We review the generalized vielbein that parametrizes the Narain moduli space (i.e. the metric, the B-field and the Wilson lines) and introduce a convenient basis of generators of the heterotic T-duality group. Using this we generalize the space group description of orbifolds to Narain orbifolds. This yields a unified, crystallographic description of the orbifold twists, shifts as well as Narain moduli. In particular, we derive a character formula that counts the number of unfixed Narain moduli after orbifolding. Moreover, we develop new machinery that may ultimately open up the possibility for a full classification of Narain orbifolds. This is done by generalizing the geometrical concepts of Q-, Z- and affine classes from the theory of crystallography to the Narain case. Finally, we give a variety of examples illustrating various aspects of Narain orbifolds, including novel T-folds.
description: 1+59 pages LaTeX, 1 figure. v2: references added, typos corrected; published version
Alpine plant communities differ in their seed germination requirements along a snowmelt gradient in the Caucasus
Creators: name: Rosbakh, Sergey
name: Fernández-Pascual, Eduardo
name: Mondoni, Andrea
name: Onipchenko, Vladimir
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Water potential · Fellfield · Germination niche · Mountain regeneration · Snowbed · Water stress
subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: 580 Pflanzen (Botanik)

description: Mesoscale heterogeneity of alpine landscapes generates snowmelt gradients resulting in a distinct vegetation zonation from almost snow-free fellfields to long-lasting snowbeds. Although the vegetative trait variation along such gradients has been intensively studied, little is known about whether and how seed germination is adapted to the variable snowpack duration. Here, we compare the seed germination niches of 18 characteristic plant species occurring in four distinct plant communities (alpine lichen heath—Festuca varia grassland—Geranium-Hedysarum meadow—snowbed) along an alpine snowmelt gradient in the North Caucasus (Russia). In a fully factorial experiment, we tested seed germination responses to temperature (10/2, 14/6, 18/10, 22/14, 26/18 and 30/22 °C) and water potential (0, − 0.2, − 0.4, − 0.6 and − 0.8 MPa) gradients, reflecting the full spectrum of seedling establishment conditions in the study system. Community-specific germination niches were identified by generalised mixed model with Bayesian estimation. Our study revealed that the species from the four focal communities significantly differed in their temperature requirements for germination, whereas soil moisture was found to be a limiting factor for seedling establishment along the entire gradient. The snowbed germination was constrained to comparatively high temperatures above 10 °C, whereas seed germination in alpine lichen heaths occurred under a wide range of experimental conditions. The seed germination patterns of species from Festuca varia grasslands and Geranium-Hedysarum meadows reflected their intermediate position along the snowmelt gradient. We conclude that seed germination niche is affected by the environmental filtering along the snowmelt gradient thus departing from the general alpine germination syndrome.
Vorticity in heavy-ion collisions at the JINR Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility
Creators: name: Ivanov, Yu. B.
name: Soldatov, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Vorticity of matter generated in noncentral heavy-ion collisions at energies of the Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna is studied. Simulations are performed within the model of the three-fluid dynamics (3FD) which reproduces the major part of bulk observables at these energies. Comparison with earlier calculations is done. Qualitative pattern of the vorticity evolution is analyzed. It is demonstrated that the vorticity is mainly located at the border between participants and spectators. In particular, this implies that the relative $Λ$-hyperon polarization should be stronger at rapidities of the fragmentation regions than that in the midrapidity region.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, the version accepted in Phys. Rev. C
Are there any narrow $K^-$- nuclear states?
Creators: name: Hrtankova, Jaroslava
name: Mares, Jiri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We performed self-consistent calculations of $K^-$-nuclear quasi-bound states using a single-nucleon $K^-$ optical potential derived from chiral meson-baryon coupled-channel interaction models, supplemented by a phenomenological $K^-$ multinucleon potential introduced recently to achieve good fits to kaonic atom data [1]. Our calculations show that the effect of $K^-$ multinucleon interactions on $K^-$ widths in nuclei is decisive. The resulting widths are considerably larger than corresponding binding energies. Moreover, when the density dependence of the $K^-$-multinucleon interactions derived in the fits of kaonic atoms is extended to the nuclear interior, the only two models acceptable after imposing as additional constraint the single-nucleon fraction of $K^-$ absorption at rest do not yield any kaonic nuclear bound state in majority of considered nuclei.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures
Compressing Green's function using intermediate representation between imaginary-time and real-frequency domains
Creators: name: Shinaoka, Hiroshi
name: Otsuki, Junya
name: Ohzeki, Masayuki
name: Yoshimi, Kazuyoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: New model-independent compact representations of imaginary-time data are presented in terms of the intermediate representation (IR) of analytical continuation. This is motivated by a recent numerical finding by the authors [J. Otsuki et al., arXiv:1702.03056]. We demonstrate the efficiency of the IR through continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo calculations of an Anderson impurity model. We find that the IR yields a significantly compact form of various types of correlation functions. The present framework will provide general ways to boost the power of cutting-edge diagrammatic/quantum Monte Carlo treatments of many-body systems.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
Monte Carlo, blocking, and inference: How to measure the renormalization group flow
Creators: name: Di Carlo, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Renormalization group theory is a powerful and intriguing technique with a wide range of applications. One of the main successes of renormalization group theory is the description of continuous phase transitions and the development of scaling theory. Most courses on phase transitions focus on scaling and critical exponents, while less attention is paid to universality, renormalization group flow, and the existence of a unique fixed point, which are the ultimate reasons why scaling theory is so effective in describing continuous phase transitions. We use a combination of Monte Carlo simulations and real space renormalization group theory to determine the renormalization group flow and to show the existence of a universal fixed point in the context of the ferromagnetic Ising model.
Spreading out and staying sharp - Creating diverse rotation curves via baryonic and self-interaction effects
Creators: name: Creasey, Peter
name: Sameie, Omid
name: Sales, Laura V.
name: Yu, Hai-Bo
name: Vogelsberger, Mark
name: Zavala, Jesús
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galactic rotation curves are a fundamental constraint for any cosmological model. We use controlled N-body simulations of galaxies to study the gravitational effect of baryons in a scenario with collisionless cold dark matter (CDM) versus one with a self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) component. In particular, we examine the inner profiles of the rotation curves in the velocity range Vmax = 30-250 km/s, whose diversity has been found to be greater than predicted by the Lambda-CDM scenario. We find that the scatter in the observed rotation curves exceeds that predicted by dark matter only mass-concentration relations in either the CDM nor SIDM models. Allowing for realistic baryonic content and spatial distributions, however, helps create a large variety of rotation curve shapes; which is in better agreement with observations in the case of self-interactions due to the characteristic cored profiles being more accommodating to the slowly rising rotation curves than CDM. We find individual fits to model two of the most remarkable outliers of similar Vmax, UGC 5721 and IC 2574, the former a cusp-like rotation curve and the latter a seemingly 8 kpc cored profile. This diversity in SIDM arises as permutations of overly concentrated halos with compact baryonic distributions versus underdense halos with extended baryonic disks. The SIDM solution is promising and its feasibility ultimately depends on the sampling of the halo mass-concentration relation and its interplay with the baryonic profiles, emphasising the need for a better understanding of the frequency of extreme outliers present in current observational samples.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures, accepted by MNRAS
A Network Epidemic Model for Online Community Commissioning Data
Creators: name: Lee, Clement
name: Garbett, Andrew
name: Wilkinson, Darren J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A statistical model assuming a preferential attachment network, which is generated by adding nodes sequentially according to a few simple rules, usually describes real-life networks better than a model assuming, for example, a Bernoulli random graph, in which any two nodes have the same probability of being connected, does. Therefore, to study the propogation of "infection" across a social network, we propose a network epidemic model by combining a stochastic epidemic model and a preferential attachment model. A simulation study based on the subsequent Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm reveals an identifiability issue with the model parameters. Finally, the network epidemic model is applied to a set of online commissioning data.
description: 28 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables
Confinement of rotating convection by a laterally varying magnetic field
Creators: name: Sreenivasan, Binod
name: Gopinath, Venkatesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spherical shell dynamo models based on rotating convection show that the flow within the tangent cylinder is dominated by an off-axis plume that extends from the inner core boundary to high latitudes and drifts westward. Earlier studies explained the formation of such a plume in terms of the effect of a uniform axial magnetic field that significantly increases the lengthscale of convection in a rotating plane layer. However, rapidly rotating dynamo simulations show that the magnetic field within the tangent cylinder has severe lateral inhomogeneities that may influence the onset of an isolated plume. Increasing the rotation rate in our dynamo simulations (by decreasing the Ekman number $E$) produces progressively thinner plumes that appear to seek out the location where the field is strongest. Motivated by this result, we examine the linear onset of convection in a rapidly rotating fluid layer subject to a laterally varying axial magnetic field. A cartesian geometry is chosen where the finite dimensions $(x,z)$ mimic $(ϕ,z)$ in cylindrical coordinates. The lateral inhomogeneity of the field gives rise to a unique mode of instability where convection is entirely confined to the peak-field region. The localization of the flow by the magnetic field occurs even when the field strength (measured by the Elsasser number $\varLambda$) is small and viscosity controls the smallest lengthscale of convection. The lowest Rayleigh number at which an isolated plume appears within the tangent cylinder in spherical shell dynamo simulations agrees closely with the viscous-mode Rayleigh number in the plane layer linear magnetoconvection model. The localized excitation of viscous-mode convection by a laterally varying magnetic field provides a mechanism for the formation of isolated plumes within Earth's tangent cylinder.
description: 12 figures, 3 tables
The $AdS_5$ non-Abelian T-dual of Klebanov-Witten as a $\mathcal{N} = 1$ linear quiver from M5-branes
Creators: name: Itsios, Georgios
name: Lozano, Yolanda
name: Montero, Jesus
name: Nunez, Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study an $AdS_5$ solution constructed using non-Abelian T-duality, acting on the Klebanov-Witten background. We show that this is dual to a linear quiver with two tails of gauge groups of increasing rank. The field theory dynamics arises from a D4-NS5-NS5' brane set-up, generalizing the constructions discussed by Bah and Bobev. These realize $\mathcal{N}=1$ quiver gauge theories built out of $\mathcal{N}=1$ and $\mathcal{N}=2$ vector multiplets flowing to interacting fixed points in the infrared. We compute the central charge using $a$-maximization, and show its precise agreement with the holographic calculation. Our result exhibits $n^3$ scaling with the number of five-branes. This suggests an eleven-dimensional interpretation in terms of M5-branes, a generic feature of various $AdS$ backgrounds obtained via non-Abelian T-duality.
description: 27 pages plus interesting appendixes and various figures. Improved quiver field theory proposal
Monogamy inequality for any local quantum resource and entanglement
Creators: name: Camalet, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive a monogamy inequality for any local quantum resource and entanglement. It results from the fact that there is always a convex measure for a quantum resource, as shown here, and from the relation between entanglement and local entropy. One of its consequences is an entanglement monogamy different from that usually discussed. If the local resource is nonuniformity or coherence, it is satisfied by familiar resource and entanglement measures. The ensuing upper bound for the local coherence, determined by the entanglement, is independent of the basis used to define the coherence.
Self-consistent study of topological superconductivity in two-dimensional quasicrystals
Creators: name: Hori, Masahiro
name: Sugimoto, Takanori
name: Tohyama, Takami
name: Tanaka, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study two-dimensional $s$-wave topological superconductivity with Rashba spin-orbit coupling and Zeeman field in Penrose and Ammann-Beenker quasicrystals. By solving the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations self-consistently for not only the superconducting order parameter, but also the spin-dependent Hartree potential, we show the stable occurrence of topological superconductivity with broken time-reversal symmetry in both Penrose and Ammann-Beenker quasicrystals. The topological nature of the quasicrystalline system is signified by the Bott index $B$. Topological phase transitions are found to occur, where $B$ changes between 0 and $\pm 1$, as the chemical potential or Zeeman field is varied. In terms of self-consistent solutions, we demonstrate the existence of a Majorana zero mode per edge or vortex when $B=\pm 1$, consistently with the bulk-edge/defect correspondence for periodic systems.
description: 13 pages, 14 figures
Designing the Optimal Bit: Balancing Energetic Cost, Speed and Reliability
Creators: name: Deshpande, Abhishek
name: Gopalkrishnan, Manoj
name: Ouldridge, Thomas E.
name: Jones, Nick S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the technologically relevant costs of operating a reliable bit that can be erased rapidly. We find that both erasing and reliability times are non-monotonic in the underlying friction, leading to a trade-off between erasing speed and bit reliability. Fast erasure is possible at the expense of low reliability at moderate friction, and high reliability comes at the expense of slow erasure in the underdamped and overdamped limits. Within a given class of bit parameters and control strategies, we define "optimal" designs of bits that meet the desired reliability and erasing time requirements with the lowest operational work cost. We find that optimal designs always saturate the bound on the erasing time requirement, but can exceed the required reliability time if critically damped. The non-trivial geometry of the reliability and erasing time-scales allows us to exclude large regions of parameter space as sub-optimal. We find that optimal designs are either critically damped or close to critical damping under the erasing procedure.
description: 37 pages, 22 figures, Section 4 shortened by moving proofs to the Supplementary Information, Section A.2 added to the Supplementary Information to introduce accuracy of erasure, small clarifications added throughout, To appear in the Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences
Radiative heating in the kinetic mode of AGN feedback
Creators: name: Xie, Fu-Guo
name: Yuan, Feng
name: Ho, Luis C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: AGN feedback is now widely believed to play a crucial role in the co-evolution between the central black hole and its host galaxy. Two feedback modes have been identified, namely the radiative and kinetic modes, which correspond to the luminous AGNs and low-luminosity AGNs (LLAGNs), respectively. In this paper, we investigate the radiative heating in the kinetic mode. This process is potentially important because: 1) the radiation power of LLAGNs is higher than the jet power over a wide parameter range, 2) the spectral energy distribution of LLAGNs is such that the radiative heating is more effective compared to that of luminous AGNs with the same luminosity, and 3) most of the time in the lifecycle of an AGN is spent in the LLAGNs phase. In this paper, adopting the characteristic broad-band spectral energy distributions of LLAGNs, we calculate the value of "Compton temperature" ($T_{\rm c}$), which determines the radiative heating by Compton scattering. We find that $T_{\rm c}\sim (5-15)\times 10^7$ K, depending on the spectrum of individual LLAGN and at which distance from the black hole we evaluate the heating. We also compare this heating process with other radiative heating and cooling processes such as photoionization/recombination. Our result can be used for an accurate calculation of the radiative heating in the study of AGN feedback.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables. ApJ accepted
Weyl metrics and wormholes
Creators: name: Gibbons, Gary W.
name: Volkov, Mikhail S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study solutions obtained via applying dualities and complexifications to the vacuum Weyl metrics generated by massive rods and by point masses. Rescaling them and extending to complex parameter values yields axially symmetric vacuum solutions containing conical singularities along circles that can be viewed as singular matter sources. These solutions have wormhole topology with several asymptotic regions interconnected by throats and their sources can be viewed as thin rings of negative tension encircling the throats. For a particular value of the ring tension the geometry becomes exactly flat although the topology remains non-trivial, so that the rings literally produce holes in flat space. To create a single ring wormhole of one metre radius one needs a negative energy equivalent to the mass of Jupiter. Further duality transformations dress the rings with the scalar field, either conventional or phantom. This gives rise to large classes of static, axially symmetric solutions, presumably including all previously known solutions for a gravity-coupled massless scalar field, as for example the spherically symmetric Bronnikov-Ellis wormholes with phantom scalar. The multi-wormholes contain infinite struts along the symmetry axes, apart from solutions with locally flat geometry.
description: 42 pages, 9 figures, added references and an appendix discussing the Flamm embedding versus Einstein-Rosen bridge; matches the published version
Probing the top-quark width using the charge identification of $b$ jets
Creators: name: Giardino, Pier Paolo
name: Zhang, Cen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new method for measuring the top-quark width based on the on-/off-shell ratio of $b$-charge asymmetry in $pp\to Wbj$ production at the LHC. The charge asymmetry removes virtually all backgrounds and related uncertainties, while remaining systematic and theoretical uncertainties can be taken under control by the ratio of cross sections. Limited only by statistical error, in an optimistic scenario, we find that our approach leads to good precision at high integrated luminosity, at a few hundred MeV assuming 300-3000 fb$^{-1}$ at the LHC. The approach directly probes the total width, in such a way that model-dependence can be minimized. It is complementary to existing cross section measurements which always leave a degeneracy between the total rate and the branching ratio, and provides valuable information about the properties of the top quark. The proposal opens up new opportunities for precision top measurements using a $b$-charge identification algorithm.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures; V2: Journal version
DeepVel: deep learning for the estimation of horizontal velocities at the solar surface
Creators: name: Ramos, A. Asensio
name: Requerey, I. S.
name: Vitas, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many phenomena taking place in the solar photosphere are controlled by plasma motions. Although the line-of-sight component of the velocity can be estimated using the Doppler effect, we do not have direct spectroscopic access to the components that are perpendicular to the line-of-sight. These components are typically estimated using methods based on local correlation tracking. We have designed DeepVel, an end-to-end deep neural network that produces an estimation of the velocity at every single pixel and at every time step and at three different heights in the atmosphere from just two consecutive continuum images. We confront DeepVel with local correlation tracking, pointing out that they give very similar results in the time- and spatially-averaged cases. We use the network to study the evolution in height of the horizontal velocity field in fragmenting granules, supporting the buoyancy-braking mechanism for the formation of integranular lanes in these granules. We also show that DeepVel can capture very small vortices, so that we can potentially expand the scaling cascade of vortices to very small sizes and durations.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Memory and the Infrared
Creators: name: Gomez, Cesar
name: Letschka, Raoul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Memory effects in scattering processes are described in terms of the asymptotic retarded fields. These fields are completely determined by the scattering data and the zero mode part is set by the soft photon theorem. The dressed asymptotic states defining an infrared finite S- matrix for charged particles can be defined as quantum coherent states using the corpuscular resolution of the asymptotic retarded fields. Im- posing that the net radiated energy in the scattering is zero leads to the new set of conservation laws for the scattering S-matrix which are equivalent to the decoupling of the soft modes. The actual observabil- ity of the memory requires a non vanishing radiated energy and could be described using the infrared part of the differential cross section that only depends on the scattering data and the radiated energy. This is the IR safe cross section with any number of emitted pho- tons carrying total energy equal to the energy involved in the actual memory detection.
title: Sozial-kulturelle Erfordernisse der langfristigen städtebaulichen Entwicklung der Städte
Creators: name: Hunger, Bernd
Publisher: name: Bauhaus-Universität Weimar
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Stadtentwicklung
subject: 720

description: Wissenschaftliches Kolloquium vom 27. bis 30. Juni 1989 in Weimar an der Hochschule für Architektur und Bauwesen zum Thema: ‚Produktivkraftentwicklung und Umweltgestaltung. Sozialer und wissenschaftlich-technischer Fortschritt in ihren Auswirkungen auf Architektur und industrielle Formgestaltung in unserer Zeit. Zum 100. Geburtstag von Hannes Meyer'
description: Produktivkraftentwicklung und Umweltgestaltung, sozialer und wissenschaftlich-technischer Fortschritt in ihren Wirkungen auf Architektur und industrielle Formgestaltung in unserer Zeit: 5. Internationales Bauhaus-Kolloquium Weimar 1989, vol. 36, 1990, no. 1-3, p. 66
description: Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Hochschule für Architektur und Bauwesen Weimar, vol. 36, 1990, no. 1-3, p. 66
Two-dimensional Fermi gas in antiparallel magnetic fields
Creators: name: Anzai, Takaaki
name: Nishida, Yusuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a two-dimensional Fermi gas with an attractive interaction subjected to synthetic magnetic fields assumed to be mutually antiparallel for two different spin components. By employing the mean-field approximation, we find that its phase diagram at zero temperature consists of pair superfluid and quantum spin Hall insulator phases and closely resembles that of the Bose-Hubbard model. The resulting two phases are separated by a second-order quantum phase transition classified into the universality class of either the dilute Bose gas or the XY model. We also show that the pairing gap can be enhanced significantly by the antiparallel magnetic fields as a consequence of magnetic catalysis, which may facilitate the realization of the pair superfluid in two dimensions by ultracold atom experiments.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
The complete NLO corrections to dijet hadroproduction
Creators: name: Frederix, Rikkert
name: Frixione, Stefano
name: Hirschi, Valentin
name: Pagani, Davide
name: Shao, Hua-Sheng
name: Zaro, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the production of jets in hadronic collisions, by computing all contributions proportional to $α_S^nα^m$, with $n+m=2$ and $n+m=3$. These correspond to leading and next-to-leading order results, respectively, for single-inclusive and dijet observables in a perturbative expansion that includes both QCD and electroweak effects. We discuss issues relevant to the definition of hadronic jets in the context of electroweak corrections, and present sample phenomenological predictions for the 13-TeV LHC. We find that both the leading and next-to-leading order contributions largely respect the relative hierarchy established by the respective coupling-constant combinations.
description: 30 pages, 14 figures; v2 contains minor changes to the text and to one label in fig.1, plus additional material in the form of an ancillary file that reports cross sections computed in various HT ranges
Doped Mott phase and charge correlations in monolayer 1T-NbSe$_2$
Creators: name: Huang, Xin
name: Lado, Jose L.
name: Sainio, Jani
name: Liljeroth, Peter
name: Ganguli, Somesh Chandra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The doped Hubbard model is one of the paradigmatic platforms to engineer exotic quantum many-body states, including charge-ordered states, strange metals and unconventional superconductors. While undoped and doped correlated phases have been experimentally realized in a variety twisted van der Waals materials, experiments in monolayer materials, and in particular 1T transition metal dichalcogenides, have solely reached the conventional insulating undoped regime. Correlated phases in monolayer two-dimensional materials have much higher associated energy scales than their twisted counterparts, making doped correlated monolayers an attractive platform for high temperature correlated quantum matter. Here, we demonstrate the realization of a doped Mott phase in a van der Waals dichalcogenide 1T-NbSe$_2$ monolayer. The system is electron doped due to electron transfer to a monolayer van der Waals substrate via proximity, leading to a correlated triangular lattice with both half-filled and fully-filled sites. We analyze the distribution of the half-filled and filled sites and show the arrangement is unlikely to be controlled by disorder alone, and we show that the presence of competing non-local many-body correlations would account for the charge correlations found experimentally. Our results establish 1T-NbSe$_2$ as a potential monolayer platform to explore correlated doped Mott physics in a frustrated lattice.
Terrestrial Effects on Dark Matter-Electron Scattering Experiments
Creators: name: Emken, Timon
name: Kouvaris, Chris
name: Shoemaker, Ian M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A well-studied possibility is that dark matter may reside in a sector secluded from the Standard Model, except for the so-called photon portal: kinetic mixing between the ordinary and dark photons. Such interactions can be probed at dark matter direct detection experiments, and new experimental techniques involving detection of dark matter-electron scattering offer new sensitivity to sub-GeV dark matter. Typically however it is implicitly assumed that the dark matter is not altered as it traverses the Earth to arrive at the detector. In this paper we study in detail the effects of terrestrial stopping on dark photon models of dark matter, and find that they significantly reduce the sensitivity of XENON10 and DAMIC. In particular we find that XENON10 only excludes masses in the range (5-3000) MeV while DAMIC only probes (20-50) MeV. Their corresponding cross section sensitivity is reduced to a window of cross sections between $(5\times 10^{-38}-10^{-30})~{\rm cm}^{2}$ for XENON10 and a small window around $\sim 10^{-31}~{\rm cm}^{2}$ for DAMIC. We also examine implications for a future DAMIC run.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures; v2 update to match PRD version
Enhancing Dynamical System Modeling through Interpretable Machine Learning Augmentations: A Case Study in Cathodic Electrophoretic Deposition
Creators: name: Jacobsen, Christian
name: Dong, Jiayuan
name: Khalloufi, Mehdi
name: Huan, Xun
name: Duraisamy, Karthik
name: Akram, Maryam
name: Liu, Wanjiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce a comprehensive data-driven framework aimed at enhancing the modeling of physical systems, employing inference techniques and machine learning enhancements. As a demonstrative application, we pursue the modeling of cathodic electrophoretic deposition (EPD), commonly known as e-coating. Our approach illustrates a systematic procedure for enhancing physical models by identifying their limitations through inference on experimental data and introducing adaptable model enhancements to address these shortcomings. We begin by tackling the issue of model parameter identifiability, which reveals aspects of the model that require improvement. To address generalizability , we introduce modifications which also enhance identifiability. However, these modifications do not fully capture essential experimental behaviors. To overcome this limitation, we incorporate interpretable yet flexible augmentations into the baseline model. These augmentations are parameterized by simple fully-connected neural networks (FNNs), and we leverage machine learning tools, particularly Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (Neural ODEs), to learn these augmentations. Our simulations demonstrate that the machine learning-augmented model more accurately captures observed behaviors and improves predictive accuracy. Nevertheless, we contend that while the model updates offer superior performance and capture the relevant physics, we can reduce off-line computational costs by eliminating certain dynamics without compromising accuracy or interpretability in downstream predictions of quantities of interest, particularly film thickness predictions. The entire process outlined here provides a structured approach to leverage data-driven methods. Firstly, it helps us comprehend the root causes of model inaccuracies, and secondly, it offers a principled method for enhancing model performance.
title: Geistliche Ritterorden – Päpstliche Orden – Ehrenzeichen
title: Eine notwendige Differenzierung
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Tripp, Harald
Year: 2023
Subjects: Kanonisches Recht
Canon law
ÖFOS 2012 -- GEISTESWISSENSCHAFTEN (6) -- Philosophie, Ethik, Religion (603) -- Theologie (6032) -- Kanonisches Recht (603209)
ÖFOS 2012 -- HUMANITIES (6) -- Philosophy, Ethics, Religion (603) -- Theology (6032) -- Canon law (603209)
Orden
Ehrenzeichen
Ritterorden

description: Die Verleihung von päpstlichen Ehren an Laien für besondere Verdienste und als Mittel zur Anerkennung und Belohnung ihrer Loyalität ist ein sehr alter Brauch in der katholischen Kirche. Früher wurden diese Ehrungen vor allem im Rahmen des Christusordens und der Goldenen Miliz verliehen. Damals wurde in der Regel eine adelige Abstammung des Empfängers verlangt. Konnte diese nicht nachgewiesen werden, wurden die Empfänger durch die Orden, in die sie aufgenommen wurden, geadelt.