cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Neural networks with quantum states of light
Creators: name: Labay-Mora, Adrià
name: García-Beni, Jorge
name: Giorgi, Gian Luca
name: Soriano, Miguel C.
name: Zambrini, Roberta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum optical networks are instrumental to address fundamental questions and enable applications ranging from communication to computation and, more recently, machine learning. In particular, photonic artificial neural networks offer the opportunity to exploit the advantages of both classical and quantum optics. Photonic neuro-inspired computation and machine learning have been successfully demonstrated in classical settings, while quantum optical networks have triggered breakthrough applications such as teleportation, quantum key distribution and quantum computing. We present a perspective on the state of the art in quantum optical machine learning and the potential advantages of artificial neural networks in circuit designs and beyond, in more general analogue settings characterised by recurrent and coherent complex interactions. We consider two analogue neuro-inspired applications, namely quantum reservoir computing and quantum associative memories, and discuss the enhanced capabilities offered by quantum substrates, highlighting the specific role of light squeezing in this context.
Spin configuration of top quark pair production with large extra dimensions at photon-photon colliders
Creators: name: Lee, Kang Young
name: Park, Seong Chan
name: Song, H. S.
name: Song, Jeonhyeon
name: Yu, Chaehyun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Top quark pair production at photon-photon colliders is studied in low scale quantum gravity scenario. From the dependence of the cross sections on the spin configuration of the top quark and anti-quark, we introduce a new observable, top spin asymmetry. It is shown that there exists a special top spin basis where with the polarized parent electron beams the top spin asymmetry vanishes in the standard model but retains substantial values with the large extra dimension effects. We also present lower bounds of the quantum gravity scale $M_S$ from total cross sections with various combinations of the laser, electron beam, and top quark pair polarizations. The measurements of the top spin state $(t_\uparrow\bar{t}_\downarrow)$ with unpolarized initial beams are shown to be most effective, enhancing by about 5% the $M_S$ bounds with respect to totally unpolarized case.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures, ReVTeX
The bright-end galaxy candidates at z ~ 9 from 79 independent HST fields
Creators: name: Morishita, T.
name: Trenti, M.
name: Stiavelli, M.
name: Bradley, L. D.
name: Coe, D.
name: Oesch, P. A.
name: Mason, C. A.
name: Bridge, J. S.
name: Holwerda, B. W.
name: Livermore, R. C.
name: Salmon, B.
name: Schmidt, K. B.
name: Shull, J. M.
name: Treu, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a full data analysis of the pure-parallel Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging observations in the Brightest of Reionizing Galaxies Survey (BoRG[z9]) in Cycle 22. The medium-deep exposures with five HST/WFC3IR+UVIS filter bands from 79 independent sightlines (~370 arcmin^2) provide the least biased determination of number density for z>9 bright galaxies against cosmic variance. After a strict two-step selection for candidate galaxies, including dropout color and photometric redshift analyses, and revision of previous BoRG candidates, we identify one source at z~10 and two sources at z~9. The z~10 candidate shows evidence of line-of-sight lens magnification (mu~1.5), yet it appears surprisingly luminous (MUV ~ -22.6\pm0.3 mag), making it one of the brightest candidates at z > 8 known (~ 0.3 mag brighter than the z = 8.68 galaxy EGSY8p7, spectroscopically confirmed by Zitrin and collaborators). For z ~ 9 candidates, we include previous data points at fainter magnitudes and find that the data are well fitted by a Schechter luminosity function with alpha ~ -2.1, MUV ~ -21.5 mag, and log phi ~ -4.5 Mpc^-3mag^-1, for the first time without fixing any parameters. The inferred cosmic star formation rate density is consistent with unaccelerated evolution from lower redshift.
description: 18pages, 7figures, 6tables. accepted to the Astrophysical Journal
Additional file 1 of The neuroprotective effect of pretreatment with carbon dots from Crinis Carbonisatus (carbonized human hair) against cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury
Creators: name: Zhang, Yue
name: Wang, Suna
name: Lu, Fang
name: Zhang, Meiling
name: Kong, Hui
name: Cheng, Jinjun
name: Luo, Juan
name: Zhao, Yan
name: Qu, Huihua
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. The comparison with previously published CDs.
Leibniz algebras and graphs
Creators: name: Barreiro, Elisabete
name: Calderón, Antonio J.
name: Lopes, Samuel
name: Sánchez, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider a Leibniz algebra ${\mathfrak L} = {\mathfrak I} \oplus {\mathfrak V}$ over an arbitrary base field $\mathbb{F}$, being ${\mathfrak I}$ the ideal generated by the products $[x,x], x \in {\mathfrak L}$. This ideal has a fundamental role in the study presented in our paper. A basis $\B=\{v_i\}_{i \in I}$ of ${\mathfrak L}$ is called multiplicative if for any $i,j \in I$ we have that $[v_i,v_j] \in {\mathbb F}v_k$ for some $k \in I$. We associate an adequate graph $Γ({\mathfrak L},\B)$ to ${\mathfrak L}$ relative to $\B$. By arguing on this graph we show that ${\mathfrak L}$ decomposes as a direct sum of ideals, each one being associated to one connected component of $Γ({\mathfrak L},\B)$. Also the minimality of ${\mathfrak L}$ and the division property of ${\mathfrak L}$ are characterized in terms of the weak symmetry of the defined subgraphs $Γ({\mathfrak L},\B_{\mathfrak I})$ and $Γ({\mathfrak L},\B_{\mathfrak V})$.
title: Do minority cabinets govern more flexibly and inclusively?
title: evidence from Germany
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Ganghof, Steffen
name: Eppner, Sebastian
name: Stecker, Christian
name: Heeß, Katja
name: Schukraft, Stefan
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: A widespread view in political science is that minority cabinets govern more flexibly and inclusively, more in line with a median-oriented and 'consensual' vision of democracy. Yet there is only little empirical evidence for it. We study legislative coalition-building in the German state of North-Rhine-Westphalia, which was ruled by a minority government between 2010 and 2012. We compare the inclusiveness of legislative coalitions under minority and majority cabinets, based on 1028 laws passed in the 1985–2017 period, and analyze in detail the flexibility of legislative coalition formation under the minority government. Both quantitative analyses are complemented with brief case studies of specific legislation. We find, first, that the minority cabinet did not rule more inclusively. Second, the minority cabinet’s legislative flexibility was fairly limited; to the extent that it existed, it follows a pattern that cannot be explained on the basis of the standard spatial model with policy-seeking parties.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe, 114
GR-RMHD Simulations of Super-Eddington Accretion Flows onto a Neutron Star with Dipole and Quadrupole Magnetic Fields
Creators: name: Inoue, Akihiro
name: Ohsuga, Ken
name: Takahashi, Hiroyuki R.
name: Asahina, Yuta
name: Middleton, Matthew J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although ultraluminous X-ray pulsars (ULXPs) are believed to be powered by super-Eddington accretion onto a magnetized neutron star (NS), the detailed structures of the inflow-outflow and magnetic fields are still not well understood. We perform general relativistic radiation magnetohydrodynamics (GR-RMHD) simulations of super-Eddington accretion flows onto a magnetized NS with dipole and/or quadrupole magnetic fields. Our results show that an accretion disk and optically thick outflows form outside the magnetospheric radius, while inflows aligned with magnetic field lines appear inside. When the dipole field is more prominent than the quadrupole field at the magnetospheric radius, accretion columns form near the magnetic poles, whereas a quadrupole magnetic field stronger than the dipole field results in the formation of a belt-like accretion flow near the equatorial plane. The NS spins up as the angular momentum of the accreting gas is converted into the angular momentum of the electromagnetic field, which then flows into the NS. Even if an accretion column forms near one of the magnetic poles, the observed luminosity is almost the same on both sides with the accretion column and the side without it because the radiation energy is transported to both sides through scattering. Our model suggests that galactic ULXP, Swift J0243.6+6124, has a quadrupole magnetic field of $2\times10^{13}~{\rm G}$ and a dipole magnetic field of less than $4\times10^{12}~{\rm G}$.
description: 22 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Gaussian Mixture Reduction for Time-Constrained Approximate Inference in Hybrid Bayesian Networks
Creators: name: Park, Cheol Young
name: Laskey, Kathryn Blackmond
name: Costa, Paulo C. G.
name: Matsumoto, Shou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Hybrid Bayesian Networks (HBNs), which contain both discrete and continuous variables, arise naturally in many application areas (e.g., image understanding, data fusion, medical diagnosis, fraud detection). This paper concerns inference in an important subclass of HBNs, the conditional Gaussian (CG) networks, in which all continuous random variables have Gaussian distributions and all children of continuous random variables must be continuous. Inference in CG networks can be NP-hard even for special-case structures, such as poly-trees, where inference in discrete Bayesian networks can be performed in polynomial time. Therefore, approximate inference is required. In approximate inference, it is often necessary to trade off accuracy against solution time. This paper presents an extension to the Hybrid Message Passing inference algorithm for general CG networks and an algorithm for optimizing its accuracy given a bound on computation time. The extended algorithm uses Gaussian mixture reduction to prevent an exponential increase in the number of Gaussian mixture components. The trade-off algorithm performs pre-processing to find optimal run-time settings for the extended algorithm. Experimental results for four CG networks compare performance of the extended algorithm with existing algorithms and show the optimal settings for these CG networks.
Direct Detection of Hemi-methylated DNA by SRA-fused Luciferase Based on Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer
Creators: name: Taka, Natsumi
name: Karube, Isao
name: Yoshida, Wataru
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology

description: Hemi-methylated DNA is double stranded (ds)DNA where only one of the complementary strands is methylated. Hemi-methylated DNA levels on a tandem repeat NBL2 and Sat2 are increased in ovarian carcinomas. To quantify hemi-methylation levels, a bisulfite-based method is widely used, but this approach requires multiple steps. Therefore, a simple hemi-methylation assay is required for cancer diagnosis and to elucidate the functions of hemi-methylated DNA. In this study, we aimed to develop a homogeneous assay for the detection of the hemi-methylated DNA level using SET- and RING-associated (SRA) domain-fused luciferase (SRA-luciferase), which recognizes hemi-methylated DNA. In the assay, the hemi-methylation level was quantified by measuring the bioluminescence resonance energy transfer signal between the fusion protein and the DNA intercalating dye. The fusion protein specifically recognizes hemi-methylated DNA to excite the dye by luciferase luminescence. Our results demonstrated that the hemi-methylation level was easily quantified within 35 min with an R2 value of 0.99.
Probing the MSSM Higgs Boson Sector with Explicit CP Violation through Third Generation Fermion Pair Production at Muon Colliders
Creators: name: Asakawa, Eri
name: Choi, S. Y.
name: Lee, Jae Sik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a systematic study of the production of a third-generation fermion-pair, $μ^+μ^-\to f\bar{f}$ for $f=τ^-,b$, and t in the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) with explicit CP violation, which is induced radiatively by soft trilinear interactions related to squarks of the third generation. We classify all the observables for probing the CP property of the Higgs bosons constructed by the initial muon beam polarization along with the unpolarized final fermions and with the final-fermion polarization configuration of equal helicity, respectively. The observables allow for complete determination of CP property of the neutral Higgs bosons. The interference between the Higgs boson and gauge boson contributions also could provide a powerful method for the determination of the CP property of two heavy Higgs bosons in the top-quark pair production near the energy region of the Higgs-boson resonances. For the lightest Higgs-boson mass there is no sizable interference between scalar and vector contributions for the determination of the CP property of the lightest Higgs boson. We give a detailed numerical analysis to show how the radiatively-induced CP violation in the Higgs sector of the MSSM can be measured.
description: 30 pages, 7 figures including 5 eps ones. Typos corrected and references added. To appear in Phys. Rev. D
title: A predisposition to brutality?
title: german practices against civilians and francs-tireurs during the Franco-Prussian war 1870–1871 and their relevance for the German ‘military Sonderweg’ debate
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Scianna, Bastian Matteo
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: The German Sonderweg thesis has been discarded in most research fields. Yet in regards to the military, things differ: all conflicts before the Second World War are interpreted as prelude to the war of extermination between 1939–1945. This article specifically looks at the Franco-Prussian War 1870–71 and German behaviour vis-à-vis regular combatants, civilians and irregular guerrilla fighters, the so-called francs-tireurs. The author argues that the counter-measures were not exceptional for nineteenth century warfare and also shows how selective reading of the existing secondary literature has distorted our view on the war.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe, 165
History of the Star Formation Rate in the Local Disk from the G Dwarf Metallicity Distribution
Creators: name: Rocha-Pinto, Helio J.
name: Maciel, Walter J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address the question of the occurrence of star formation bursts in the solar neighbourhood by using the metallicity distribution of the G dwarfs. We present a method to recover the star formation history using simultaneously the metallicity distribution and the age-metallicity relation. The method associates the number of stars in a given metallicity interval with the corresponding time interval predicted by the age-metallicity relation. We take into account corrections relative to observational errors, cosmic scatter and scale height effects. The method is tested by simulations of the chemical evolution of a galaxy with irregular star formation rate, and our results show that it is possible to recover the star formation history fairly well. The application of the method to the solar neighbourhood shows evidences for at least two strong events of star formation: a burst 8 Gyr ago, and a lull 2-3 Gyr ago. These features confirm some previous studies on the star formation history in the local disk.
description: uuencoded gzipped tar file with text file plus 5 postscript figures. Plain Tex, uses mn.tex, 7 pages. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Electromagnetic transitions of excited baryons in a deformed oscillator quark model
Creators: name: Hosaka, Atsushi
name: Takayama, Miho
name: Toki, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study electromagnetic transitions of excited baryons in a deformed oscillator quark model, where baryon excited states are described as rotational bands of deformed intrinsic states. We describe all necessary tools to compute transition amplitudes in multipole basis, which are then related to the commonly used helicity amplitudes. We pay a special attention on the sign of the amplitudes as well as their absolute values by computing the photon and pion couplings simultaneously. We have found that the effect of deformation on the transition amplitudes is rather weak. The difficulty in reproducing the empirical amplitude of the Roper state is discussed.
description: 29 pages, 3 figures, LaTeX2e, epsf.sty and AMSLaTeX package are required; typos corrected, published version
title: A Renaissance of the Doctrine of Rebus Sic Stantibus?
Creators: name: Kulaga, Julian
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: Once the “popular plaything of Realpolitiker” the doctrine of rebus sic stantibus post the 1969 VCLT is often described as an objective rule by which, on grounds of equity and justice, a fundamental change of circumstances may be invoked as a ground for termination. Yet recent practice from States such as Ecuador, Russia, Denmark and the United Kingdom suggests that it is returning with a new livery. They point to an understanding based on vital States’ interests––a view popular among scholars such as Erich Kaufmann at the beginning of the last century.
description: KFG Working Paper Series, 32
Electron-electron interaction in graphene at finite Fermi energy
Creators: name: Milstein, A. I.
name: Terekhov, I. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The wave equation describing the interaction of two electrons in graphene at arbitrary value of the Fermi energy $E_F$ is derived. For the solutions of this equation, we have found the explicit forms of the density and the current which obey the continuity equation. We have traced the evolution of the wave packet during a scattering process. It is shown that the long-leaving localized quasi-stationary peak may appear at $E_F<0$ . Then this peak decays into a set of wave packets following each other. At $t\rightarrow\infty$ a total norm of all outgoing wave packets equals to that of incoming wave packet. At $E_F=0$ the localized state does not appear. For $E_F<0$ there is an infinite set of the localized solutions with the finite norms.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures
title: Selecting Investment Arbitrators
title: Reconciling Party Autonomy and the International Rule of Law
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Devaney, James Gerard
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: This paper focuses on one particular issue which has arisen in the course of the ongoing debate on the reform of investor-State dispute settlement (ISDS), namely that of the appointment of arbitrators. Taking as its starting point that there now exists tentative consensus that the present system for the appointment of arbitrators either causes or exacerbates certain problematic aspects of the current ISDS system, the paper explores one option for reform, namely the introduction of an independent panel for the selection of investment arbitrators. In doing so, it is argued that a shift in the normative basis of the rules governing appointments is required in order to accommodate the principles of party autonomy and the international rule of law. Such reform, while not completely removing the initiative that parties presently enjoy, is the most efficient way to introduce rule of law considerations such as a measure of judicial independence into the current appointments system. This, it is argued, would in turn help to address some of the problematic features of the appointment of arbitrators in ISDS.
description: KFG Working Paper Series, 33
String Representation of Field Correlators in the Dual Abelian Higgs Model
Creators: name: Antonov, Dmitri
name: Ebert, Dietmar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By making use of the path integral duality transformation, we derive the string representation for the partition function of an extended Dual Abelian Higgs Model containing gauge fields of external currents of electrically charged particles. By the same method, we obtain the corresponding representations for the generating functionals of gauge field and monopole current correlators. In the case of bilocal correlators, the obtained results are found to be in agreement with the dual Meissner scenario of confinement and with the Stochastic Model of the QCD vacuum.
description: 16 pages, LaTeX, no figures
title: Values and Power Relations – The “Disillusionment” of International Law?
Creators: name: Pellet, Alain
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: This paper – which is based on the Thomas Franck Lecture held by the author at Humboldt University Berlin on 13 May 2019 – argues that the most likely development of international to be expected will be the coexistence of two “legal worlds”. On the one hand, an inter-State law brutally regulating political relations between human groups whitewashed by nationalism; on the other hand, a transnational or “a-national” law regulating economic relations between private as well as public interests. Further, the paper argues that there are two obvious victims – of very different nature – of this foreseeable evolution: the human being on the one hand, the certainty and effectiveness of the rule of law itself on the other hand.
description: KFG Working Paper Series, 34
Gaussian Processes and Nested Sampling Applied to Kepler's Small Long-period Exoplanet Candidates
Creators: name: Matesic, Michael R. B.
name: Rowe, Jason F.
name: Livingston, John H.
name: Dholakia, Shishir
name: Jontof-Hutter, Daniel
name: Lissauer, Jack J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There are more than 5000 confirmed and validated planets beyond the solar system to date, more than half of which were discovered by NASA's Kepler mission. The catalog of Kepler's exoplanet candidates has only been extensively analyzed under the assumption of white noise (i.i.d. Gaussian), which breaks down on timescales longer than a day due to correlated noise (point-to-point correlation) from stellar variability and instrumental effects. Statistical validation of candidate transit events becomes increasingly difficult when they are contaminated by this form of correlated noise, especially in the low-signal-to-noise (S/N) regimes occupied by Earth--Sun and Venus--Sun analogs. To diagnose small long-period, low-S/N putative transit signatures with few (roughly 3--9) observed transit-like events (e.g., Earth--Sun analogs), we model Kepler's photometric data as noise, treated as a Gaussian process, with and without the inclusion of a transit model. Nested sampling algorithms from the Python UltraNest package recover model evidences and maximum a posteriori parameter sets, allowing us to disposition transit signatures as either planet candidates or false alarms within a Bayesian framework.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables, uses AASTeX631
title: Holding Domestic Judges Accountable under International Criminal Law
title: A Useful Step to Foster the International Rule of Law?
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Neugebauer, Konrad
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: This article explores, whether domestic judges might be held accountable under international criminal law (ICL). To date, international criminal justice has almost entirely focused on prosecuting political or military leaders. The Justice Case tried before the Nuremberg Military Tribunal in 1946 marks the most prominent exception. Prior to it, the judiciary – otherwise considered the epitome of justice – had mutated into a murderous machinery under Nazi rule. Judicial decisions do have far-reaching implications possibly constituting or contributing to international crimes. This holds true in a wide range of cases, for instance on practices of warfare and torture, on the use of certain weapon technologies, or on policies relating to minorities or racial segregation. I argue that domestic judges are accountable when engaging in international crimes. The article delves into technical aspects of criminal law; as well as the notions of judicial independence and immunity. While guaranteeing the rule of law, these two notions challenge the core idea of ICL: its equal application vis-à-vis all perpetrators of international crimes irrespective of official capacity. In order to differentiate due judicial conduct and its abuse in violation of ICL, I suggest a threshold a judicial act needs to exceed for entailing accountability for an international crime.
description: KFG Working Paper Series, 36
Ductility by shear band delocalization in the nano-layer of gradient structure
Creators: name: Fuping Yuan
name: Dingshun Yan
name: Jiangda Sun
name: Lingling Zhou
name: Yuntian Zhu
name: Xiaolei Wu
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Nanostructured (NS) metals typically fail soon after yielding, starting with the formation of narrow shear bands. Here we report the observation of shear band delocalization in gradient metals. Shear bands were nucleated and delocalized in the NS layers by propagating along the gage length soon after yielding, converting the shear band into a localized strain zone (LSZ). Synergistic work hardening was developed in the LSZ by regaining dislocation hardening capability, and by back-stress hardening from the strain gradients in the axial and depth directions, which helped with enhancing global ductility.
title: Catching up or Lagging Behind?
title: The Long-Term Business and Innovation Potential of Subsidized Start-Ups out of Unemployment
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Caliendo, Marco
name: Künn, Steffen
name: Weissenberger, Martin
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: From an active labor market policy perspective, start-up subsidies for unemployed individuals are very effective in improving long-term labor market outcomes for participants. From a business perspective, however, the assessment of these public programs is less clear since they might attract individuals with low entrepreneurial abilities and produce businesses with low survival rates and little contribution to job creation, economic growth, and innovation. In this paper, we use a rich data set to compare participants of a German start-up subsidy program for unemployed individuals to a group of regular founders who started from nonunemployment and did not receive the subsidy. The data allows us to analyze their business performance up until 40 months after business formation. We find that formerly subsidized founders lag behind not only in survival and job creation, but especially also in innovation activities. The gaps in these business outcomes are relatively constant or even widening over time. Hence, we do not see any indication of catching up in the longer run. While the gap in survival can be entirely explained by initial di↵erences in observable start-up characteristics, the gap in business development remains and seems to be the result of restricted access to capital as well as di↵erential business strategies and dynamics. Considering these conflicting results for the assessment of the subsidy program from an ALMP and business perspective, policy makers need to carefully weigh the costs and benefits of such a strategy to find the right policy mix.
description: CEPA Discussion Papers, 12
Are Particles in Advection-Dominated Accretion Flows Thermal?
Creators: name: Mahadevan, Rohan
name: Quataert, Eliot
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the form of the momentum distribution function for protons and electrons in an advection-dominated accretion flow (ADAF). We show that for all accretion rates, Coulomb collisions are too inefficient to thermalize the protons. The proton distribution function is therefore determined by the viscous heating mechanism, which is unknown. The electrons, however, can exchange energy quite efficiently through Coulomb collisions and the emission and absorption of synchrotron photons. We find that for accretion rates greater than \sim 10^{-3} of the Eddington accretion rate, the electrons have a thermal distribution throughout the accretion flow. For lower accretion rates, the electron distribution function is determined by the electron's source of heating, which is primarily adiabatic compression. Using the principle of adiabatic invariance, we show that an adiabatically compressed collisionless gas maintains a thermal distribution until the particle energies become relativistic. We derive a new, non-thermal, distribution function which arises for relativistic energies and provide analytic formulae for the synchrotron radiation from this distribution. Finally, we discuss its implications for the emission spectra from ADAFs.
description: 29 pages (Latex), 3 Figures. Submitted to ApJ
Soft-Gluon Angular Screening in Heavy-Quark Fragmentation
Creators: name: Chekanov, S. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A method to measure the suppression of soft-gluon radiation by a heavy quark ("dead cone") is discussed. We analyse this QCD phenomenon in the framework of the HERA experiment using Monte Carlo simulations.
description: 13 pages, 8 eps figures, submitted to Phys. Lett. B
Stabilizing nanoprecipitates in Al-Cu alloys for creep resistance at 300°C
Creators: name: Y. H. Gao
name: C. Yang
name: J. Y. Zhang
name: L. F. Cao
name: G. Liu
name: J. Sun
name: E. Ma
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Hematology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Commercial precipitation-hardened Al-Cu alloys are normally used at temperatures below its ageing temperature of ∼225°C, to avoid thermally induced precipitate coarsening and resultant softening. Making such popular Al alloys creep resistant at or above 300°C is thus challenging. Here we present a modified precipitation protocol, exploiting Sc-microalloying and a carefully designed three-step heat treatment to enhance Sc segregation at the matrix/θ′-Al2Cu precipitate interfaces. The stabilized nanoprecipitates enable an order-of-magnitude reduction in creep rate at 300°C, demonstrating the room for microstructure improvement and the potential for property elevation in traditional engineering alloys through innovative processing coupled with synergetic alloying elements. A carefully designed precipitation protocol produces stable nanoprecipitates in Sc-microalloyed Al-Cu alloys, rendering an order-of-magnitude elevation of creep resistance at 300°C.
Walking, Weak first-order transitions, and Complex CFTs II. Two-dimensional Potts model at $Q>4$
Creators: name: Gorbenko, Victor
name: Rychkov, Slava
name: Zan, Bernardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study complex CFTs describing fixed points of the two-dimensional $Q$-state Potts model with $Q>4$. Their existence is closely related to the weak first-order phase transition and walking RG behavior present in the real Potts model at $Q>4$. The Potts model, apart from its own significance, serves as an ideal playground for testing this very general relation. Cluster formulation provides nonperturbative definition for a continuous range of parameter $Q$, while Coulomb gas description and connection to minimal models provide some conformal data of the complex CFTs. We use one and two-loop conformal perturbation theory around complex CFTs to compute various properties of the real walking RG flow. These properties, such as drifting scaling dimensions, appear to be common features of the QFTs with walking RG flows, and can serve as a smoking gun for detecting walking in Monte Carlo simulations. The complex CFTs discussed in this work are perfectly well defined, and can in principle be seen in Monte Carlo simulations with complexified coupling constants. In particular, we predict a pair of $S_5$-symmetric complex CFTs with central charges $c\approx 1.138 \pm 0.021 i$ describing the fixed points of a 5-state dilute Potts model with complexified temperature and vacancy fugacity.
description: 34 pages, 13 figures. v2: refs added; v3 refs added, typos corrected, presentation of several arguments clarified
Co-encapsulation of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles and doxorubicin into biocompatible PLGA-PEG nanocarriers for early detection and treatment of tumours
Creators: name: Liang, Chenghua
name: Li, Nan
name: Cai, Zikai
name: Liang, Rongpu
name: Zheng, Xiaoming
name: Deng, Li
name: Feng, Longbao
name: Guo, Rui
name: Wei, Bo
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: At present, cancer is the first cause of death for humans, but early detection and treatment can help improve prognoses and reduce mortality. However, further development of carrier-assistant drug delivery systems (DDSs) is retarded by the aspects such as the low drug-carrying capacity, carrier-induced toxicity and immunogenicity, complex synthesis manipulation. The development of nanoscale drug delivery systems (NDDS) have been rapidly developed to address these issues. In this article, we used PLGA-PEG with good biocompatibility to encapsulate Fe3O4 nanoparticles (a magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent) and DOX (an antitumour drug) via the emulsion-solvent evaporation method, aimed at achieving a dual function of the early detection and the treatment of mammary cancer. The results showed that the Fe3O4/DOX/PLGA-PEG nanoparticles had a relatively uniform size, a high carrier rate of Fe3O4 and high encapsulation efficiency of DOX, and a relatively high activity of released DOX within 120 h. In addition, in vitro studies showed that the Fe3O4/DOX/PLGA-PEG nanoparticles were cytocompatibility in NIH 3T3 fibroblast cells culture study while had a special effect on destroying human breast cancer MCF-7 cells compared with pure DOX solution. In vitro studies revealed that the Fe3O4/DOX/PLGA-PEG enabled enhanced T2 contrast magnetic resonance. Overall, our multifunctional Fe3O4/DOX/PLGA-PEG nanoparticles, composed of biocompatible substances and therapeutic/imaging materials, have great potential for the early detection of cancer and accurate drug delivery via the dynamic monitoring using MRI.
Holographic insulator/superconductor transition with exponential nonlinear electrodynamics probed by entanglement entropy
Creators: name: Yao, Weiping
name: Yang, Chaohui
name: Jing, Jiliang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: From the viewpoint of holography, we study the behaviors of the entanglement entropy in insulator/superconductor transition with exponential nonlinear electrodynamics (ENE). We find that the entanglement entropy is a good probe to the properties of the holographic phase transition. Both in the half space and the belt space, the non-monotonic behavior of the entanglement entropy in superconducting phase versus the chemical potential is general in this model. Furthermore, the behavior of the entanglement entropy for the strip geometry shows that the confinement/deconfinement phase transition appears in both insulator and superconductor phases. And the critical width of the the confinement/deconfinement phase transition depends on the chemical potential and the exponential coupling term. More interestingly, the behaviors of the entanglement entropy in their corresponding insulator phases are independent of the exponential coupling factor but depends on the the width of the subsystem $\mathcal{A}$.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures
Ferromagnetism of quark liquid
Creators: name: Tatsumi, Toshitaka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Usually it is believed that the Hartree-Fock state of quark matter is a Fermi gas state with no polarisation of spins. We examine the possibility of the polarised quark liquid interacting with the one-gluon-exchange interaction. It is suggested that the Hartree-Fock state shows a spontaneous magnetic instability at low densities through the same mechanism as the appearance of ferromagnetism in electron gas. Metastability of the polarised quark liquid is also discussed.
description: 14 pages, 2 postscript figures
Review of the geology of Texas
Creators: name: Udden, Johan August, 1859-1932
Publisher: name: University of Texas at Austin
Year: 1919
Subjects: Geology -- Texas

description: Accompanied by 1 fold-out map : Geological Map of Texas. Plate I : Sketch map showing belts where known oil-bearing horizons lie at suitable depths for exploration. Bulletin of the University of Texas ; 1916 : no. 44
Evaluation of Single-Chip, Real-Time Tomographic Data Processing on FPGA - SoC Devices
Creators: name: Korcyl, G.
name: Białas, P.
name: Curceanu, C.
name: Czerwiński, E.
name: Dulski, K.
name: Flak, B.
name: Gajos, A.
name: Głowacz, B.
name: Gorgol, M.
name: Hiesmayr, B. C.
name: Jasińska, B.
name: Kacprzak, K.
name: Kajetanowicz, M.
name: Kisielewska, D.
name: Kowalski, P.
name: Kozik, T.
name: Krawczyk, N.
name: Krzemień, W.
name: Kubicz, E.
name: Mohammed, M.
name: Niedźwiecki, Sz.
name: Pawlik-Niedźwiecka, M.
name: Pałka, M.
name: Raczyński, L.
name: Rajda, P.
name: Rudy, Z.
name: Salabura, P.
name: Sharma, N. G.
name: Sharma, S.
name: Shopa, R. Y.
name: Skurzok, M.
name: Silarski, M.
name: Strzempek, P.
name: Wieczorek, A.
name: Wiślicki, W.
name: Zaleski, R.
name: Zgardzińska, B.
name: Zieliński, M.
name: Moskal, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel approach to tomographic data processing has been developed and evaluated using the Jagiellonian PET (J-PET) scanner as an example. We propose a system in which there is no need for powerful, local to the scanner processing facility, capable to reconstruct images on the fly. Instead we introduce a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) System-on-Chip (SoC) platform connected directly to data streams coming from the scanner, which can perform event building, filtering, coincidence search and Region-Of-Response (ROR) reconstruction by the programmable logic and visualization by the integrated processors. The platform significantly reduces data volume converting raw data to a list-mode representation, while generating visualization on the fly.
description: IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, 17 May 2018
Standards - A Central Pillar of the AFCOS Project
Creators: name: ASRO - Romanian Standards Associations
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: The article "Standards – A Central Pillar of the AFCOS Project" highlights the AFCOS project, a European initiative supporting sustainable and digital transformation in the construction industry through flexible standardization. AFCOS aims to develop eco-friendly materials, improve evaluation methodologies, and enhance industry competitiveness while addressing challenges like low awareness and voluntary adoption of standards.
Will relativistic heavy-ion colliders destroy our planet?
Creators: name: Dar, Arnon
name: De Rújula, A.
name: Heinz, Ulrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experiments at the Brookhaven National Laboratory will study collisions between gold nuclei at unprecedented energies. The concern has been voiced that ``strangelets''-hypothetical products of these collisions - may trigger the destruction of our planet. We show how naturally occurring heavy-ion collisions can be used to derive a safe and stringent upper bound on the risk incurred in running these experiments.
description: LaTeX, no figures
Israel--Wilson--Perjés Solutions in Heterotic String Theory
Creators: name: Herrera-Aguilar, Alfredo
name: Kechkin, Oleg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a simple algorithm to obtain solutions that generalize the Israel--Wilson--Perjés class for the low-energy limit of heterotic string theory toroidally compactified from D=d+3 to three dimensions. A remarkable map existing between the Einstein--Maxwell (EM) theory and the theory under consideration allows us to solve directly the equations of motion making use of the matrix Ernst potentials connected with the coset matrix of heterotic string theory. For the particular case d=1 (if we put n=6, the resulting theory can be considered as the bosonic part of the action of D=4, N=4 supergravity) we obtain explicitly a dyonic solution in terms of one real 2\times 2--matrix harmonic function and 2n real constants (n being the number of Abelian vector fields). By studying the asymptotic behaviour of the field configurations we define the charges of the system. They satisfy the Bogomol'nyi--Prasad--Sommmerfeld (BPS) bound.
description: 14 pages in LaTex. We have omited a reference in the abstract for the online listings
Where public servants dare: Developing archetypes for public sector intrapreneurship
Creators: name: Taylor, Alix
Publisher: name: Torrens University Australia
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: 150304 Entrepreneurship
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The public sector is under significant pressure to increase its overall efficiency and effectiveness through promptly responding to changing environmental challenges and community expectations. Public entrepreneurship has been established as an approach to improving public sector performance within the broader public sector innovation agenda for over thirty years, yet it has not been widely recognised as a management practice with numerous challenges to its implementation. Taking this into consideration, there is an argument for intrapreneurship as the answer to achieving the benefits of public entrepreneurship. Distinct from the ‘top-down’ organisation level practise of public entrepreneurship, intrapreneurship encompasses the individual level employee attitudes and behaviours that are innovative, proactive and risk taking. It involves employees voluntarily, and autonomously, pushing their innovative initiatives in their organisation from the ‘bottom-up’. Intrapreneurship in the private sector context has been shown to have beneficial effects on organisational performance, however, intrapreneurship in the public sector context is virtually an unknown phenomenon in scholarly research. This thesis explores the practise of employees acting intrapreneurially in the public sector. A qualitative phenomenological research approach was utilised to conduct semi structured interviews with twelve participants recruited from the South Australian Public Sector. Study findings reveal three major activities (1) seeking impact and innovation using intrapreneurial strategy, (2) generating freedom and taking action using intrapreneurial behaviour, and (3) responding to challenges using intrapreneurial orientation. Each activity involves a number of distinct mindsets, represented through the use of archetypes, revealing characteristics, strengths, weaknesses, goals, desires and context for use. Each of these activities and archetypes leads to a particular kind of consequence for the intrapreneur, ranging from receiving benefits, taking personal risks and overcoming obstacles through engaging resilience. These findings contribute to the establishment of public intrapreneurship as a distinct public sector workplace practise. Consequently, this study provides a useful conceptual framework as the first stage of building the foundations for public intrapreneurship as a phenomenon, for further refinement and development in future studies. Also, these findings provide actionable knowledge to assist public intrapreneurs to achieve success as well as educators, policy makers and public sector leaders to enable effective public intrapreneurship through strategies to improve capability and support.