cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: The Imitation of Prosocial Behaviors in Children: The Effects of Peer and Adult Models and Vicarious Reinforcement
Creators: name: Sanok, Richard Louis
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1980

description: The purpose of the present laboratory study was to investigate the relative effects of sharing and nonsharing peer and adult models on the facilitation of prosocial behaviors with and without reinforcement to the model. One hundred and sixty second and third grade children served as subjects and were randomly assigned to six treatment groups and one control group. For replication purposes, half of the subjects participated in each condition prior to the second half doing so.
Children in the treatment groups viewed videotaped sequences portraying both a male and female model sharing or not sharing tokens with poor children. Models were either peers or adults. Sharing was either reinforced by praise from an adult or not reinforced; nonsharing was not reinforced.
Children in the control group viewed an entertainment program devoid of prosocial or antisocial content. All children received instructions with respect to the acquisition and distribution of tokens which were exchangeable for prizes at the end of the session.
Prosocial behaviors were· assessed following the videotaped sequences and included token donations, volunteering of work, and offering help following a staged accident. Children viewing nonsharing and nonreinforced peers had lower token donations than children in other treatment groups and the control group. Although not statistically significant findings, children who viewed peer models exhibiting prosocial behaviors that were reinforced had greater token donations and tended to help in the staged accident more than children in other treatment groups. No differences were found between treatment groups with respect to volunteering work. More children provided help in a staged accident when they had observed sharing peers who were reinforced than children in other conditions. However when children observed nonsharing and nonreinforced adults, they displayed a lower incidence of helping. Vicarious reinforcement produced greater, though not statistically significant, token donations as compared with the absence of reinforcement in both adult and peer treatment conditions. The correlations among donations, volunteering, and helping were found to be low.
Modeling in combination with reinforcement of the model was not sufficient to increase prosocial behaviors significantly beyond the performance of a control group. The contribution of peer modeling to the facilitation of prosocial behaviors in the early elementary grades appears slight. Nevertheless, peer models were especially influential in inhibiting prosocial behaviors by the modeling of antisocial responses. The observation of reinforcement contingencies applied to models only slightly increased prosocial behaviors and can not be considered a potent variable in this behavior domain.
Investigating the fast spectral diffusion of a quantum emitter in hBN using resonant excitation and photon correlations
Creators: name: Fournier, Clarisse
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Buil, Stéphanie
name: Barjon, Julien
name: Hermier, Jean-Pierre
name: Delteil, Aymeric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ability to identify and characterize homogeneous and inhomogeneous dephasing processes is crucial in solid-state quantum optics. In particular, spectral diffusion leading to line broadening is difficult to evidence when the associated timescale is shorter than the inverse of the photon detection rate. Here, we show that a combination of resonant laser excitation and second-order photon correlations allows to access such fast dynamics. The resonant laser drive converts spectral diffusion into intensity fluctuations, leaving a signature in the second-order coherence function $g^{(2)}(τ)$ of the scattered light that can be characterized using two-photon coincidences -- which simultaneously provides the homogeneous dephasing time. We experimentally implement this method to investigate the fast spectral diffusion of a color center generated by an electron beam in the two-dimensional material hexagonal boron nitride. The $g^{(2)}(τ)$ function of the quantum emitter measured over more than ten orders of magnitude of delay times, at various laser powers, establishes that the color center experiences spectral diffusion at a characteristic timescale of a few tens of microseconds, while emitting Fourier-limited single photons ($T_2/2T_1 \sim 1$) between spectral jumps.
The Nuclear Stellar Disk in Andromeda: A Fossil from the Era of Black Hole Growth
Creators: name: Hopkins, Philip F.
name: Quataert, Eliot
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The physics of angular momentum transport from galactic scales (~10-100 pc) to much smaller radii is one of the oustanding problems in our understanding of the formation and evolution of super-massive black holes (BHs). Seemingly unrelated observations have discovered that there is a lopsided stellar disk of unknown origin orbiting the BH in M31, and possibly many other systems. We show that these nominally independent puzzles are in fact closely related. Multi-scale simulations of gas inflow from galactic to BH scales show that when sufficient gas is driven towards a BH, gravitational instabilities form a lopsided, eccentric disk that propagates inwards from larger radii. The lopsided stellar disk exerts a strong torque on the remaining gas, driving inflows that fuel the growth of the BH and produce quasar-level luminosities. The same disk can produce significant obscuration along many sightlines and thus may be the putative 'torus' invoked to explain obscured active galactic nuclei and the cosmic X-ray background. The stellar relic of this disk is long lived and retains the eccentric pattern. Simulations that yield quasar-level accretion rates produce relic stellar disks with kinematics, eccentric patterns, precession rates, and surface density profiles in reasonable agreement with observations of M31. The observed properties of nuclear stellar disks can thus be used to constrain the formation history of super-massive BHs.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, accepted to MNRAS Letters (matches published version)
title: The Effect of Modeling on Cooperation in the Laboratory and in the Natural Environment
Creators: name: Siegel, Janice V.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1980

description: In this study a multiple-baseline design was used to determine the effectiveness of three different modeling sequences in increasing cooperative behavior in children in a laboratory situation. The research also assessed the short- and long-term effects of the laboratory procedures on children's behavior in a free-play setting.
Subjects were 9 pairs of preschool-aged children. In the laboratory situation pairs of subjects performed a block-stacking task which allowed them to respond either cooperatively or independently. Following baseline periods of varying lengths , the pairs of children were exposed to one of three videotapes of cooperative models . In Tape l adult models demonstrated cooperative behavior, but exhibited no verbal behavior. In Tape 2 the models made positive statements about cooperation contiguous with the demonstration of cooperative behavior. In Tape 3 the models demonstrated cooperation, made contiguous positive statements about cooperation, and in addition, they received differential positive reinforcement for cooperation.
Although three of nine teams showed a significant increase in mutually cooperative responding, consistent multiple baseline control was not demonstrated . Therefore, it could not be conclusively stated that the videotaped cooperative models were effective in increasing children's mutually cooperative responding in the laboratory.
A significant increase in parallel play was noted between laboratory partners in free-play periods immediately following the laboratory sessions; however, this increased interaction was not obvious when 5-day and 6-week follow-up observations were made.
The S-Web Origin of Composition Enhancement in the Slow-to-Moderate Speed Solar Wind
Creators: name: Lynch, B. J.
name: Viall, N. M.
name: Higginson, A. K.
name: Zhao, L.
name: Lepri, S. T.
name: Sun, X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Connecting the solar wind observed throughout the heliosphere to its origins in the solar corona is one of the central aims of heliophysics. The variability in the magnetic field, bulk plasma, and heavy ion composition properties of the slow wind are thought to result from magnetic reconnection processes in the solar corona. We identify regions of enhanced variability and composition in the solar wind from 2003 April 15 to May 13 (Carrington Rotation 2002), observed by the Wind and Advanced Composition Explorer spacecraft, and demonstrate their relationship to the Separatrix-Web (S-Web) structures describing the corona's large-scale magnetic topology. There are four pseudostreamer (PS) wind intervals and two helmet streamer (HS) heliospheric current sheet/plasma sheet crossings (and an ICME) which all exhibit enhanced alpha-to-proton ratios and/or elevated ionic charge states of carbon, oxygen, and iron. We apply the magnetic helicity-partial variance of increments ($H_m$-PVI) procedure to identify coherent magnetic structures and quantify their properties during each interval. The mean duration of these structures are $\sim$1 hr in both the HS and PS wind. We find a modest enhancement above the power-law fit to the PVI waiting time distribution in the HS-associated wind at the 1.5-2 hr timescales that is absent from the PS intervals. We discuss our results in context of previous observations of the $\sim$90 min periodic density structures in the slow solar wind, further development of the dynamic S-Web model, and future Parker Solar Probe and Solar Orbiter joint observational campaigns.
description: 19 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Lepton Flavor Model from Delta(54) Symmetry
Creators: name: Ishimori, Hajime
name: Kobayashi, Tatsuo
name: Okada, Hiroshi
name: Shimizu, Yusuke
name: Tanimoto, Morimitsu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the lepton flavor model with $Δ(54)$, which appears typically in heterotic string models on the $T^2/Z_3$ orbifold. Our model reproduces the tri-bimaximal mixing in the parameter region around degenerate neutrino masses or two massless neutrinos. We predict the deviation from the tri-bimaximal mixing by putting the experimental data of neutrino masses in the normal hierarchy of neutrino masses. The upper bound of $\sin^2θ_{13}$ is 0.01. There is the strong correlation between $θ_{23}$ and $θ_{13}$. Unless $θ_{23}$ is deviated from the maximal mixing considerably, $θ_{13}$ remains to be tiny.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures; some discussions are modified
Deviation from a Continuous and Universal Turbulence Cascade in NGC 6334 due to Massive Star Formation Activity
Creators: name: Liu, Junhao
name: Zhang, Qizhou
name: Liu, Hauyu Baobab
name: Qiu, Keping
name: Li, Shanghuo
name: Li, Zhi-Yun
name: Ho, Paul T. P.
name: Girart, Josep Miquel
name: Ching, Tao-Chung
name: Chen, Huei-Ru Vivien
name: Lai, Shih-Ping
name: Rao, Ramprasad
name: Tang, Ya-wen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use molecular line data from ALMA, SMA, JCMT, and NANTEN2 to study the multi-scale ($\sim$15-0.005 pc) velocity statistics in the massive star formation region NGC 6334. We find that the non-thermal motions revealed by the velocity dispersion function (VDF) stay supersonic over scales of several orders of magnitudes. The multi-scale non-thermal motions revealed by different instruments do not follow the same continuous power-law, which is because the massive star formation activities near central young stellar objects have increased the non-thermal motions in small-scale and high-density regions. The magnitudes of VDFs vary in different gas materials at the same scale, where the infrared dark clump N6334S in an early evolutionary stage shows a lower level of non-thermal motions than other more evolved clumps due to its more quiescent star formation activity. We find possible signs of small-scale-driven (e.g., by gravitational accretion or outflows) supersonic turbulence in clump N6334IV with a three-point VDF analysis. Our results clearly show that the scaling relation of velocity fields in NGC 6334 deviates from a continuous and universal turbulence cascade due to massive star formation activities.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures, 1 table. Published in ApJ
title: Effects of Digital Video Feedback Package with Elementary-Aged Males Identified With Behavior Problems
Creators: name: Buist, Jenifer
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2014

description: Classroom teachers are constantly trying to find the answer to those many behavior situations that arise on a daily basis in schools. In this study, we looked at the benefits of using a digital recorder in the classroom to help students become more “aware” of their behaviors. The study was done in a rural, public elementary school with three males that ranged from third grade to fifth grade. Each of these three boys has been identified as students with either specific learning disabilities or emotional disturbances. This program was run by the resource teacher and a trained paraprofessional.
The methods of this study included a digital recording of classroom activities with a focus on the three students. On a daily basis, each student would watch the recording with the resource teacher and evaluate their behaviors. The students were asked to self-evaluate their behaviors before discussing them with the resource teacher. The results for two of the three subjects were a decrease in the target behavior while the third subject’s results were not consistent. With additional time and training, this subject could also benefit from this program.
The benefits of this program could reach individual students to improve their classroom behaviors while benefiting the entire classroom as well. Teachers will be able to teach and students able to learn without being interrupted by behavior incidents.
Movies
Creators: name: Dr. Soledad Pereyra
name: Prof. Dr. Susanne Hartwig
Publisher: name: DARIAH-DE
Year: 2023
Subjects: Films

description: The following is a metadata subcollection on European films involving artists with cognitive disabilities. This subcollection was compiled between 2020 and 2023 as part of the project “Erzählung, Erwartung, Erfahrung. Behinderung im zeitgenössischen europäischen Theater und Film” (EEE) or “Narrative, Expectation, and Experience: Disability in Contemporary European Theatre and Film,” which was funded by the German Research Foundation DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; project number 429281822) and directed by Prof. Dr. Susanne Hartwig of the University of Passau in Germany. The data collection was coordinated by Dr. Soledad Pereyra, University of Passau.
Planar Fourier Optics for Slab Waveguides, Surface Plasmon Polaritons and 2D Materials
Creators: name: Wetherfield, Benjamin
name: Wilkinson, Timothy D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experimental work has demonstrated the potential to combine the merits of diffractive and on-chip photonic information processing devices in a single chip by making use of planar (or slab) waveguides. Researchers have adapted key results of 3D Fourier optics to 2D, by analogy, but rigorous derivations in planar contexts have been lacking. Here, such arguments are developed to show that diffraction formulas familiar from 3D can be adapted to 2D under certain mild conditions on the operating speeds of the devices in question. Equivalents to the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction (RS) formulas in 2D are provided and a Radiation Condition of validity proved. The equivalence of the first 2D RS formula with an angular spectrum formulation is demonstrated. Finally Fresnel approximations are derived starting from the RS formulation and that of the angular spectrum. In addition to serving those working with slab waveguides, this letter provides analytical tools to researchers in any field where 2D diffraction is encountered, including the study of surface plasmon polaritons, surface waves, 3D diffraction with line-sources or corresponding symmetries, and the optical, acoustic and crystallographic properties of 2D materials.
description: 13 pages, 2 figures. v2: updated arxiv ref for cited preprint, style changes, added acknowledgment
Smoothing splines estimators for functional linear regression
Creators: name: Crambes, Christophe
name: Kneip, Alois
name: Sarda, Pascal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62G05, 62G20 (Primary) 60G12, 62M20 (Secondary)

description: The paper considers functional linear regression, where scalar responses $Y_1,...,Y_n$ are modeled in dependence of random functions $X_1,...,X_n$. We propose a smoothing splines estimator for the functional slope parameter based on a slight modification of the usual penalty. Theoretical analysis concentrates on the error in an out-of-sample prediction of the response for a new random function $X_{n+1}$. It is shown that rates of convergence of the prediction error depend on the smoothness of the slope function and on the structure of the predictors. We then prove that these rates are optimal in the sense that they are minimax over large classes of possible slope functions and distributions of the predictive curves. For the case of models with errors-in-variables the smoothing spline estimator is modified by using a denoising correction of the covariance matrix of discretized curves. The methodology is then applied to a real case study where the aim is to predict the maximum of the concentration of ozone by using the curve of this concentration measured the preceding day.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/07-AOS563 the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
title: Trophic Status, Energetic Demands, and Factors Affecting Lahontan Cutthroat Trout Distribution in Pyramid Lake, Nevada
Creators: name: Heredia, Nicholas A.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2014

description: Through a myriad of practices, anthropogenic land and water use has caused the localized extirpation or complete elimination of many native fishes throughout North America. Specifically, native salmonids have seen substantial declines in population sizes and geographic distributions due to a number of factors, including habitat loss or degradation, overharvest, or the introduction of non-native competitors and predators. Among those affected, the 14 subspecies of cutthroat trout found across western North America have been subject to two extinctions and five listings as Threatened as per the Endangered Species Act.
Lahontan cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii henshawi have experienced marked reductions throughout their native range in the western Great Basin, U.S. In Pyramid Lake, Nevada, where they were once locally extirpated due to overfishing, water loss, and degraded spawning habitat, Lahontan cutthroat trout have been successfully stocked and managed, though they do not routinely reach their pre-extirpation sizes. With little research to determine the factors influencing Lahontan cutthroat trout in Pyramid Lake, I used a suite of modeling tools and empirical data to elucidate the influence of the current surrounding environment on Lahontan cutthroat trout in Pyramid Lake.
To identify important food web interactions that may affect the availability of food to Lahontan cutthroat trout, I used diet composition and stable isotope analyses of carbon and nitrogen to understand dietary trends. Large Lahontan cutthroat trout (>400 mm TL), along with non-native Sacramento perch Ambloplites interruptus, relied most heavily on fish prey, yet neither species showed signs of cannibalism or preying on the other species. Diet composition and stable isotope analyses also indicated that Lahontan cutthroat trout rely mostly on tui chub Gila bicolor and other fish for food. I also used results from bioenergetic and hydroacoustic analyses to compare the number of tui chub consumed by trout to the number of tui chub in the lake, during the time of this study. Results from these analyses suggest that trout consume well below the number of tui chub available in the lake, indicating that trout are not limited by the availability of tui chub. Lastly, I used a number of biotic and abiotic predictors to determine which factors influence the distribution, and subsequently abundance, of trout in Pyramid Lake and found that biotic factors were very weak predictors of trout distribution, further indicating that trout are not limited by food resources in Pyramid Lake.
title: Cyber-Physical Systems Enabled By Unmanned Aerial System-Based Personal Remote Sensing: Data Mission Quality-Centric Design Architectures
Creators: name: Coopmans, Calvin
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2014

description: In the coming 20 years, unmanned aerial data collection will be of great importance to many sectors of civilian life. Of these systems, Personal Remote Sensing (PRS) Small Unmanned Aerial Systems (sUASs), which are designed for scientic data collection, will need special attention due to their low cost and high value for farming, scientic, and search-andrescue uses, among countless others. Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs: large-scale, pervasive automated systems that tightly couple sensing and actuation through technology and the environment) can use sUASs as sensors and actuators, leading to even greater possibilities for benet from sUASs. However, this nascent robotic technology presents as many problems as possibilities due to the challenges surrounding the abilities of these systems to perform safely and eectively for personal, academic, and business use. For these systems, whose missions are dened by the data they are sent to collect, safe and reliable mission quality is of highest importance. Much like the dawning of civil manned aviation, civilian sUAS ights demand privacy, accountability, and other ethical factors for societal integration, while safety of the civilian National Airspace (NAS) is always of utmost importance. While the growing popularity of this technology will drive a great effort to integrate sUASs into the NAS, the only long-term solution to this integration problem is one of proper architecture. In this research, a set of architectural requirements for this integration is presented: the Architecture for Ethical Aerial Information Sensing or AERIS. AERIS provides a cohesive set of requirements for any architecture or set of architectures designed for safe, ethical, accurate aerial data collection.
In addition to an overview and showcase of possibilities for sUAS-enabled CPSs, specific examples of AERIS-compatible sUAS architectures using various aerospace design methods are shown. Technical contributions include specic improvements to sUAS payload architecture and control software, inertial navigation and complementary lters, and online energy and health state estimation for lithium-polymer batteries in sUAS missions. Several existing sUASs are proled for their ability to comply with AERIS, and the possibilities of AERIS data-driven missions overall is addressed.
title: Ceramic Technology, Women, and Settlement Patterns in Late Archaic Southwestern Idaho
Creators: name: Dougherty, Jessica A.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2014

description: This research employs a sample of archaeological sites from three ecological zones to investigate the mobility strategies of hunter-gatherer groups in Late Archaic southwestern Idaho. The sample sites are organized into site types based on an independent evaluation of site components and existing site records. Ceramic assemblages at each site were analyzed to quantify the investment in ceramic technology, as a proxy for mobility. These measures were then compared to expectations generated from three proposed mobility patterns for hunter-gatherer groups in southwestern Idaho. Some of the predictions were met and these data allude to an archaeological record with a multitude of settlement patterns that may have changed over the course of seasons, years, and even decades.
A data acquisition and reconstruction software for SAMPA-SRS integration
Creators: name: de Souza, G. G. A.
name: Abelha, T. S.
name: Saramela, T. B.
name: Cortez, A. F. V.
name: da Luz, H. N.
name: Penteado, C. G.
name: Bregant, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we present the latest developments in the SAMPA-SRS integration. A software was developed to improve the acquisition configuration, acquisition, and decoding of the data. The complete framework was tested using a triple GEM-based position sensitive detector for X-rays. The detector was operated in Ar/CO$_2$ (70/30) in continuous flow, at atmospheric pressure and made use of a 1 dimension strip readout (200$μ$m wide strips at a pitch of 400$μ$m) for charge collection. With this detector a position resolution of better than 833$μ$m was obtained, with an energy resolution of 14.2% ($σ/E$) for 5.9keV.
description: 5 pages (with title page), 3 figures, conference paper (7th international conference on Micro Pattern Gaseous Detectors 2022 - MPGD2022)
Hydrogel patterns in microfluidic devices by do-it-yourself UV-photolithography suitable for very large-scale integration
Creators: name: Beck, Anthony
name: Obst, Franziska
name: Busek, Mathias
name: Grünzner, Stefan
name: Mehner, Philipp J.
name: Paschew, Georgi
name: Appelhans, Dietmar
name: Voit, Brigitte
name: Richter, Andreas
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: large-scale integrated (LSI)
subject: Labs-on-a-Chip (LoC)
subject: do-it-yourself (DIY)
subject: 620

description: The interest in large-scale integrated (LSI) microfluidic systems that perform highthroughput biological and chemical laboratory investigations on a single chip is steadily growing. Such highly integrated Labs-on-a-Chip (LoC) provide fast analysis, high functionality, outstanding reproducibility at low cost per sample, and small demand of reagents. One LoC platform technology capable of LSI relies on specific intrinsically active polymers, the so-called stimuli-responsive hydrogels. Analogous to microelectronics, the active components of the chips can be realized by photolithographic micro-patterning of functional layers. The miniaturization potential and the integration degree of the microfluidic circuits depend on the capability of the photolithographic process to pattern hydrogel layers with high resolution, and they typically require expensive cleanroom equipment. Here, we propose, compare, and discuss a cost-efficient do-it-yourself (DIY) photolithographic set-up suitable to micro-pattern hydrogel-layers with a resolution as needed for very large-scale integrated (VLSI) microfluidics. The achievable structure dimensions are in the lower micrometer scale, down to a feature size of 20 µm with aspect ratios of 1:5 and maximum integration densities of 20,000 hydrogel patterns per cm. Furthermore, we demonstrate the effects of miniaturization on the efficiency of a hydrogel-based microreactor system by increasing the surface area to volume (SA:V) ratio of integrated bioactive hydrogels. We then determine and discuss a correlation between ultraviolet (UV) exposure time, cross-linking density of polymers, and the degree of immobilization of bioactive components. © 2020 by the authors.
Validity of effective material parameters for optical fishnet metamaterials
Creators: name: Menzel, Christoph
name: Paul, Thomas
name: Rockstuhl, Carsten
name: Pertsch, Thomas
name: Tretyakov, Sergei
name: Lederer, Falk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although optical metamaterials that show artificial magnetism are mesoscopic systems, they are frequently described in terms of effective material parameters. But due to intrinsic nonlocal (or spatially dispersive) effects it may be anticipated that this approach is usually only a crude approximation and is physically meaningless. In order to study the limitations regarding the assignment of effective material parameters, we present a technique to retrieve the frequency-dependent elements of the effective permittivity and permeability tensors for arbitrary angles of incidence and apply the method exemplarily to the fishnet metamaterial. It turns out that for the fishnet metamaterial, genuine effective material parameters can only be introduced if quite stringent constraints are imposed on the wavelength/unit cell size ratio. Unfortunately they are only met far away from the resonances that induce a magnetic response required for many envisioned applications of such a fishnet metamaterial. Our work clearly indicates that the mesoscopic nature and the related spatial dispersion of contemporary optical metamaterials that show artificial magnetism prohibits the meaningful introduction of conventional effective material parameters.
title: National Occupant Protection Use Survey: Shopping Center Study
Creators: name: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
name: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration: National Center for Statistics and Analysis
Publisher: name: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04gcfqs37
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 1995
Subjects: classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/93810
subject: Restraint systems
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/93814
subject: Seat belts
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/93816
subject: Shoulder harnesses
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/97433
subject: Surveys
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/97484
subject: Tables (Data)
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/91794
subject: Rear seat occupants

description: Research note;2p.
description: As part of the 1994 National Occupant Protection Use Survey (NOPUS), a study was conducted at shopping centers to collect information on rear-seat belt use, shoulder belt misuse, and lap belt use. Unlike the other NOPUS studies, the moving traffic and controlled intersection studies, the shopping center data were not collected at statistically selected sites due to the difficulty of obtaining these data. Although the results from the shopping center study cannot be weighted to be representative of belt use in the country, they do provide valuable data for issues where little or no information is currently available. This note presents the results from the shopping center study. Pairs of observers recorded shoulder belt use, shoulder belt misuse, and lap belt use for the driver, right front-seat passenger and rear-seat outboard passengers for automobiles only. The vehicles make, model, and license plate number were also recorded. Safety belt use was observed for 5,500 drivers, 2,000 front-seat passengers, and 700 rear-seat passengers of passenger cars. Even though the shopping center results are unweighted, they compare closely to the statistically weighted results from the other NOPUS studies.
title: Tilt
Creators: name: Erickson, Caitlin
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2014

description: This thesis is a memoir that explores the evolution and disintegration of two major relationships in my life, one insidious, the other toxic, as well as the factors that led to those relationships. The first two chapters explore my relationship with Adam, a twenty-one-year-old man who forced his way into my heart, while the final chapters navigate the relationship with my college boyfriend and ex-fiance, Cameron, as well as the aftermath and slow path toward healing after his departure. The two sections are divided by a middle chapter that shows moments in my childhood that, while small, signify powerful messages about what it meant to fit in and be accepted in my world. Altogether, this thesis explores the idea of trauma. While many other memoirs touch on the same theme, my thesis differs in the type of trauma experienced, particularly in the relationship with Adam. Statutory rape is rarely talked about, and when it is, it seems to be met with derision, condemnation, and marginalization. The speaker in my thesis does not take the stance of a victim or a perpetrator, but as someone who is confused about the situation and how she feels, particularly in relation to how others tell her how she should feel. As the memoir progresses, the speaker has to grapple how to find her own voice after she's been silenced her entire life.
Simulation of X-ray photoelectron spectra beyond the quasi-elastic approximation: application to nanoparticle analysis
Creators: name: Hronek, Martin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: CSNP
core-shell nanoparticles
XPS
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
TEM
transmission electron microscopy
QEA
quasielastic approximation

description: The subject of this thesis is the quantification of shell thicknesses of core-shell nanoparticles (CSNP) by means of electron beam techniques, in particular X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). For that purpose round robin XPS experiments with associated institutes were performed. The resulting XPS peak intensities were evaluated and compared, with a very good agreement over all involved laboratories. To get a better understanding of the investigated CSNP additional and complementary transmission electron microscopy (TEM) experiments were performed. A comparison of the experimental results shows a variety of asymmetries in the investigated sample which have a noticeable impact on simulated spectra with ideal geometry CSNP. SESSA (Simulation of Electron Spectra for Surface Analysis), a database developed with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) utilizes the efficient quasielastic approximation (QEA) for the spectra calculations. However this approximation disregards the energy dependency of the elastic and inelastic scattering events which is only valid in a small energy domain. A physically more realistic Monte Carlo simulation method was tested and implemented into SESSA. With the help of this newly implemented true slowing-down (SDN) method the currently used QEA could be refined and a physical more realistic approximation could be implemented. These more realistic approximations (QEA+ and QEA*) were compared to the present methods and successfully tested. This effort was made to simulate the background of an X-ray photoelectric spectrum more precisely and therefore be able to use it as an additional analytical tool for dimensional measurements of core-shell nanoparticles and other complex sample morphologies. Finally, as part of the 14IND12 Innanopart project funded by the European Metrology Programme for Innovation and Research (EMPIR) simulations of acentric cores and pores in powders and single sphere geometries were performed, which model the observed features to estimate the impact on the shell thickness determination.
description: https://permalink.catalogplus.tuwien.at/AC15391305
Testing SETI Message Designs
Creators: name: Busch, Michael W.
name: Reddick, Rachel M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Much work in SETI has focused on detecting radio broadcasts due to extraterrestrial intelligence, but there have been limited efforts to transmit messages over interstellar distances. As a check if such messages can be interpreted once received, we conducted a blind test. One of us coded a 75-kilobit message, which the other then attempted to decipher. The decryption was accurate, supporting the message design as a general structure for communicating with aliens capable of detecting narrow-band radio transmissions.
description: The first 8 pages of the document contain the abstract, paper, and references. The remainder is supplementary material. This paper has been submitted to Acta Astronautica
Supplementary document for Single-cell terahertz spectral characteristics in simulated scattering near-field imaging mode - 4720130.pdf
Creators: name: Wang, Jie
name: Yan, Shihan
name: Li, Zaoxia
name: Zang, Ziyi
name: Lu, Xingxing
name: Cui, Hongliang
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplemental materials
title: Some Relationships of Potassium to Lime-Induced Chlorosis
Creators: name: Robinson, Wilford H.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1951

description: Chlorosis, the yellowing of plant leaves, results from reduced synthesis of chlorophyll. It is caused by a deficiency or an unbalance of essential nutrient elements. The amount and pattern of yellowing varies with the cause and severity of the disturbance. Chlorosis results in reduced vigor of the affected plants and a corresponding loss in quantity and quality of the product grown. In severe cases chlorosis may lead to the eventual death of the plant.
Lime-induced chlorosis refers to a chlorosis occurring on high lime soils. It affects principally horticultural plants. The disease is found in about 23 percent of Utah orchards.
Lime-induced chlorosis is characteristically accompanied by high potassium in the affected leaves. The hypothesis had been offered that this high potassium is a cause of lime-induced chlorosis. The object of this study is to investigate the validity of this hypothesis.
Effect of alloying and cold rolling on the texture and mechanical properties of magnesium and magnesium-lithium alloys
Creators: name: Wootton, George Claude
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The effect of Li additions to Mg on the texture and mechanical properties in both the hot and cold rolled condition has been examined. It was found that using the texture goniometer (Schulz technique) only the surface texture is obtained. As a result average textures were prepared for each alloy. Lithium additions to Mg causes a loss in sharpness of the (0001) texture. No indication of a <1120> directional texture was found. The change in texture was explained successfully on the basis of deformation systems active during rolling. Cold rolling of the alloys caused a loss in sharpness of the (0001) texture for low Li alloys. In the high Li alloys (6 at. % and 12.4 at. %) a pronounced split occurred. A definite <1120> directional texture was observed on the surface of the cold-rolled low Li alloys but this disappeared in the "average" pole figure. Again the change in texture was explained on the basis of deformation systems active during rolling. Tensile tests of hot-rolled Mg-Li alloys agreed completely with those of Yoshinaga & Horiuchi (9) but showed some variance with those of Hauser, Landon, and Dorn (8). Tensile tests of cold-rolled Mg-Li alloys showed appreciable strain hardening and a loss of ductility due to the cold work. The higher the Li content the higher the rate of strain hardening observed for large increments of strain. The ratio of the transverse to longitudinal tensile properties decreased with increasing Li content. A qualitative explanation of the above was made on the basis of active deformation systems. Limited success was obtained in attempts to correlate mechanical properties and texture in low Li alloys. No attempt was made for high Li alloys.
Scattering and conversion of electromagnetic and gravitational waves by Reissner-Nordström black holes: The Regge pole description
Creators: name: Hadj, Mohamed Ould El
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the problem of scattering and conversion of monochromatic planar gravitational and electromagnetic waves impinging upon a Reissner-Nordström black hole using a Regge pole description, i.e., a complex angular momentum approach. For this purpose, we first compute numerically the Regge pole spectrum for various charge-to-mass ratio configurations. We then derive an asymptotic expressions for the lowest Regge poles, and by considering Bohr-Sommerfeld-type quantization conditions, obtain the spectrum of weakly damped quasinormal frequencies from the Regge trajectories. Next, we construct the scattering and conversion amplitudes as well as the total differential cross sections for different processes using both a complex angular momentum representation and a partial wave expansion method. Finally, we provide an analytical approximation of the scattering and conversion cross sections of different processes from asymptotic expressions for the lowest Regge poles and the associated residues based on the correspondence Regge poles, "surface waves" propagating close to the photon (graviton) sphere. This allows us to extract the physical interpretation encoded in the partial wave expansions in the high-frequency regime (i.e., in the short-wavelength regime), and to describe semiclassically with very good agreement both black hole glory and a large part of the orbiting oscillations, thus unifying these two phenomena from a purely wave point of view.
description: v2: minor changes and a few typos corrected in the text to match the published version
Physical-space estimates for axisymmetric waves on extremal Kerr spacetime
Creators: name: Giorgi, Elena
name: Wan, Jingbo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study axisymmetric solutions to the wave equation on extremal Kerr backgrounds and obtain integrated local energy decay (or Morawetz estimates) through an analysis \textit{exclusively in physical-space}. Boundedness of the energy and Morawetz estimates for axisymmetric waves in extremal Kerr were first obtained by Aretakis through the construction of frequency-localized currents used in particular to express the trapping degeneracy. Here we extend to extremal Kerr a method introduced by Stogin in the sub-extremal case, simplifying Aretakis' derivation of Morawetz estimates through purely classical currents.
description: Added appendix with weighted estimates on the horizon, version accepted for publication
title: Nitrogen Cycling in the Rhizosphere of Cheatgrass and Crested Wheatgrass: Contributions of Root Exudates and Senescence
Creators: name: Morris, Kendalynn A.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2014

description: Cheatgrass is an invasive weed that has come to dominate large areas of the western United States. Once an ecosystem has been converted to a cheatgrass monoculture, it is extremely difficult to restore native vegetation. Cheatgrass negatively impacts wildlife and increases wildfire frequency and intensity. Understanding how cheatgrass so effectively invades western ecosystems is essential to turning the tide of invasion. One possible key to cheatgrass’ success is alteration of soil nutrient cycling. The goal of this study is to explore how nitrogen (N) may accumulate in cheatgrass soils via redistribution of N within soil N pools. To accomplish this we investigated soil N cycling in soils underneath cheatgrass and crested wheatgrass. We used a 15N isotope tracer to determine the contribution of root exudates to soil N pools. During the 1-week 15N tracer experiment, cheatgrass roots exuded more than twice as much N (0.11 mg N kg-1 soil d-1) as crested wheatgrass roots (0.05 mg N kg-1 soil d-1). We propose that exudation of high N content root exudates leads to the changes in soil N pool size and transformation rates commonly observed in soils under cheatgrass. This research uses a simple and relatively inexpensive isotope tracer to shed light on mechanisms by which invasive plants may alter soil processes. By understanding these mechanisms we may be able to develop strategies for better managing cheatgrass invasion.
Groupe Signes
Creators: name: Chalaguier, Claude
Publisher: name: DARIAH-DE
Year: 2023
Subjects: Theatre Group
France
Lyon

description: Groupe Signes was founded in the 1980s by Claude Chalaguier, with its core mission encapsulated in the concept of “Nourrir la Norme par la Marge” (which translates to “nurturing the norm through the margin”). This foundational idea aimed to challenge societal norms and perceptions by incorporating actors both with and without disabilities. This inclusive approach became a pivotal and transformative aspect of the project, as it sought to explore the depths of our inner worlds and initiate reforms in an increasingly dehumanizing society.
The project brought together individuals from diverse backgrounds and nationalities, all united in their commitment to changing the way society viewed people with disabilities. Throughout the project, participants came to recognize that every human being, regardless of their life’s path, possesses the innate capacity to give meaning and shape to something significant. Chalaguier believed that those who defied societal norms in artistic endeavors, often viewed as “insolent,” were essential for challenging the status quo and enriching artistic exploration. Thus, the inclusion of individuals with disabilities in artistic research became an imperative.
This perspective led to a reevaluation of the concept of disability, prompting an exploration beyond clinical, medical, and social definitions. Chalaguier drew inspiration from the works of André Leroi-Gourhan, Jacques Lecoq, and Fernand Deligny, all of whom emphasized the significance of gestures in human expression. Engaging in dialogues with Peter Brook, Chalaguier introduced the concept of “geste juste” (“just gesture”), highlighting the profound distinction between an “acteur” (actor) and a “comédien” (performer). While the former delves into the realm of being beyond, the latter replicates and personalizes observed actions. Chalaguier, in alignment with Bernard Martino’s conviction, believed that this realm beyond represents an atavistic part of humanity, even extending to our simian origins. This aspect persists within us, despite efforts to conceal its traces, manifesting in our subtlest impulses, fleeting thoughts, and every action.
The discovery of this profound connection, central to Groupe Signes’ existence, forms the essence of Chalaguier’s dramatic writings and reshapes his approach to theater. In this perspective, the breach created by Chalaguier’s work serves as a bridge between the most disparate individuals in our midst, transforming us into partners on a shared journey of exploration and understanding.