cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Zygophylax levinseni
Creators: name: Gil, Marta
name: Ramil, Fran
name: Agís, José Ansín
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Hydrozoa
Leptothecata
Lafoeidae
Zygophylax
Zygophylax levinseni

description: Zygophylax levinseni (Saemundsson, 1911)
Zygophylax levinseni: Ramil & Vervoort, 1992: 78–82, figs. 18a–d, 19a–f; Calder & Vervoort, 1998: 35–37, fig. 17a–c; Schuchert, 2001: 71–72; Vervoort, 2006: 240–242, fig. 16.
Material examined. MAURIT-1011, stn MUDR20, 16º08´11”N, 16º56´08”W, 405 m, 7-XII-2010: one fragment, without coppiniae.
Biology. This species was collected from bottoms of L. pertusa and M. oculata (Altuna Prados & Álvarez Claudio 1994) and was found growing on a sponge, Acryptolaria longitheca (Allman, 1877) (Calder & Vervoort 1998) and a gorgonian axis (Vervoort 2006). Coppiniae have been found only in December (Ramil & Vervoort 1992).
Distribution. Zygophylax levinseni has a Northeast Atlantic distribution, from South of Iceland to south of Cape Verde Islands, including the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (Schuchert 2001; Vervoort 2006). The records of the species were summarised by Vervoort (2006). In West Africa, it was collected from Morocco (Ramil & Vervoort 1992), Mauritania (Gil & Ramil 2017a) and Cape Verde Islands (Vervoort 2006). Its bathymetric distribution is between 183 (Altuna Prados & Álvarez Claudio 1994) and 3647 m (Ramil & Vervoort 1992).
Our material was obtained from a depth of 405 m.
Remarks. Although our colony is only a fragment, it is consistent with the material described by Ramil & Vervoort (1992).
description: Published as part of Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran & Agís, José Ansín, 2020, Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Mauritanian Coral Mounds, pp. 412-466 in Zootaxa 4878 (3) on page 426, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4878.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/4425132
A simple refined DNA minimizer operator enables 2-fold faster computation
Creators: name: Pan, Chenxu
name: Reinert, Knut
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: minimizer concept
subject: data structure
subject: sequence sketching
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Motivation The minimizer concept is a data structure for sequence sketching. The standard canonical minimizer selects a subset of k-mers from the given DNA sequence by comparing the forward and reverse k-mers in a window simultaneously according to a predefined selection scheme. It is widely employed by sequence analysis such as read mapping and assembly. k-mer density, k-mer repetitiveness (e.g. k-mer bias), and computational efficiency are three critical measurements for minimizer selection schemes. However, there exist trade-offs between kinds of minimizer variants. Generic, effective, and efficient are always the requirements for high-performance minimizer algorithms. Results We propose a simple minimizer operator as a refinement of the standard canonical minimizer. It takes only a few operations to compute. However, it can improve the k-mer repetitiveness, especially for the lexicographic order. It applies to other selection schemes of total orders (e.g. random orders). Moreover, it is computationally efficient and the density is close to that of the standard minimizer. The refined minimizer may benefit high-performance applications like binning and read mapping. Availability and implementation The source code of the benchmark in this work is available at the github repository https://github.com/xp3i4/mini_benchmark
Aricidea (Strelzovia) quadrilobata Webster & Benedict 1887
Creators: name: Sikorski, Andrey
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Polychaeta
Paraonidae
Aricidea
Aricidea quadrilobata

description: Aricidea (Strelzovia) quadrilobata Webster & Benedict, 1887
Aricidea quadrilobata Webster & Benedict, 1887: 739 –740, pl. 7, figs 93–96; Campoy 1981: 16, fig. 2. Aricidea (Allia) quadrilobata.— Strelzov 1973: 88 –91, fig. 37; Gaston 1984: 2.20–2.23, fig. 2.18. Aricidea (Strelzovia) quadrilobata.— Aguirrezabalaga 2012: 207 –210, figs 85–86.
Aricidea annae Laubier, 1967: 106 –112, figs 2–3.
Material examined. 2785 Snøhvit SN 06; 71.4973°N – 21.1317°E; 343 m; 12.06.2003; seven specimens. 2876 Finnmark 660; 70.1617°N – 21.4450°E; 85 m; 19.09.2003; ten specimens. 3940 Askeladd Beta SA–06; 71.4765°N – 20.4416°E; 274 m; 27.06.2007; one specimen. 3940 Askeladd Beta SA–10; 71.4789°N – 20.4405°E; 275 m; 27.06.2007; one specimen. 4000 Nucula N–01; 71.5504°N – 25.2453°E; 298 m; 23.06.2007; one specimen.
Diagnosis. Antenna very long, reaching second chaetiger and further. Secondary ciliary organs present. Three prebranchial segments. Dorsal podial lobes of chaetigers 1 and 2 clearly shorter than those of chaetiger 3. Branchiae numbering up to 29 pairs; flat and abruptly tapering to a filiform tip. Modified notochaetae absent.
Modified neurochaetae gradually tapering, terminal spine as continuation of tip; ventral-most ones clearly thicker and more strongly curved than the rest
Distribution. Western Atlantic from Maine (Webster & Benedict 1887) to Gulf of Mexico (Gaston 1984), and from Argentina to Uruguay (Strelzov 1973). Eastern Atlantic, from Norway (Rygg 2002) to Bay of Biscay (Campoy 1981). Arctic, from the Jan Mayen (Bakken et al. 2010) to the Chukchi Sea (Strelzov 1973). Mediterranean (Katzmann & Laubier 1975). Subantarctic (Strelzov 1973).
description: Published as part of Sikorski, Andrey, 2017, The Paraonidae (Annelida: Sedentaria) from Norway and adjacent seas, with two new species, four new records, and a redescription of Paraonides nordica Strelzov, 1968 based on type material, pp. 41-67 in Zootaxa 4320 (1) on pages 45-46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4320.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/891538
Paleographical analysis of letter B
Creators: name: Marichal, Robert
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2015

description: vue 6
description: Morphological study on the letter B : collection of samples from inscriptions and papyri, and analysis of paleographical aspects. Observations on A. PETRUCCI, Per la storia della scrittura romana: i graffiti di Condatomagos, "Bullettino dell'archivio paleografico italiano", III serie , 1 (1962), 85-132.
description: Source: 4MAR_1_1.3.1-3-2
description: created: n. d.
title: Exploring drought hazard, vulnerability, and related impacts on agriculture in Brandenburg
Creators: name: Brill, Fabio
name: Alencar, Pedro Henrique Lima
name: Zhang, Huihui
name: Boeing, Friedrich
name: Hüttel, Silke
name: Lakes, Tobia
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 550 Geowissenschaften

description: Adaptation to an increasingly dry regional climate requires spatially explicit information about current and future risks. Existing drought risk studies often rely on expert-weighted composite indicators, while empirical evidence on impact-relevant factors is still scarce. The aim of this study is to investigate to what extent hazard and vulnerability indicators can explain observed agricultural drought impacts via data-driven methods. We focus on the German federal state of Brandenburg, 2013–2022, including several consecutive drought years. As impact indicators we use thermal–spectral anomalies (land surface temperature (LST) and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)) on the field level, and empirical yield gaps from reported statistics on the county level. Empirical associations to the impact indicators on both spatial levels are compared. Extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) models explain up to about 60 % of the variance in the yield gap data (best R2=0.62). Model performance is more stable for the drought years and when using all crops for training rather than individual crops. Meteorological drought in June and soil quality are selected as the strongest impact-relevant factors. Rye is empirically found to be less vulnerable to drought than wheat, even on poorer soils. LST /NDVI only weakly relates to our empirical yield gaps. We recommend comparing different impact indicators on multiple scales to proceed with the development of empirically grounded risk maps.
Lagria nigricollis Hope 1843
Creators: name: Lee, Dong-Yeol
name: Jeong, Ilyeong
name: Kim, Seonmin
name: Choi, Jae Won
name: Won, Min Hyeok
name: Kim, Donguk
name: Kim, Dongmin
name: Kim, Young-Kun
name: Jeon, Jiseung
name: Ryu, Jihun
name: Bang, WooJun
name: Chang, Jun Hyuk
name: Choi, Kwang Shik
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Tenebrionidae
Lagria
Lagria nigricollis

description: Lagria nigricollis Hope, 1843
Notes
Cho (1955), Cho (1965), Lee and Kwon (1981), ME (1993), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001), Lim et al. (2013), Won et al. (2023)
description: Published as part of Lee, Dong-Yeol, Jeong, Ilyeong, Kim, Seonmin, Choi, Jae Won, Won, Min Hyeok, Kim, Donguk, Kim, Dongmin, Kim, Young-Kun, Jeon, Jiseung, Ryu, Jihun, Bang, WooJun, Chang, Jun Hyuk & Choi, Kwang Shik, 2024, Checklist for the insect fauna of two East Sea Islands (Ulleungdo Is. and Dokdo Is.) in the Republic of Korea, pp. e 129360 in Biodiversity Data Journal 12 on page e129360, DOI: 10.3897/BDJ.12.e129360
Mycetochara orientalis Dubrovin 1992
Creators: name: Lee, Dong-Yeol
name: Jeong, Ilyeong
name: Kim, Seonmin
name: Choi, Jae Won
name: Won, Min Hyeok
name: Kim, Donguk
name: Kim, Dongmin
name: Kim, Young-Kun
name: Jeon, Jiseung
name: Ryu, Jihun
name: Bang, WooJun
name: Chang, Jun Hyuk
name: Choi, Kwang Shik
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Mycetochara
Mycetochara orientalis

description: Mycetochara orientalis Dubrovin, 1992
Notes
Won et al. (2023)
description: Published as part of Lee, Dong-Yeol, Jeong, Ilyeong, Kim, Seonmin, Choi, Jae Won, Won, Min Hyeok, Kim, Donguk, Kim, Dongmin, Kim, Young-Kun, Jeon, Jiseung, Ryu, Jihun, Bang, WooJun, Chang, Jun Hyuk & Choi, Kwang Shik, 2024, Checklist for the insect fauna of two East Sea Islands (Ulleungdo Is. and Dokdo Is.) in the Republic of Korea, pp. e 129360 in Biodiversity Data Journal 12 on page e129360, DOI: 10.3897/BDJ.12.e129360
Quantitative integrative taxonomy informs species delimitation in Teloschistaceae (lichenized Ascomycota): the genus Wetmoreana as a case study
Creators: name: Wilk, Karina
name: Lücking, Robert
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Phylogenetic binning
subject: MRPP
subject: PCA
subject: South America
subject: 6 New species
subject: 8 New combinations
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::579 Mikroorganismen, Pilze, Algen

description: The genus Wetmoreana was studied using quantitative integrative taxonomy methods to resolve the genus delimitation and explore its taxonomy diversity at the species level. As a result, the genus Fulgogasparrea is synonymized with Wetmoreana, and the latter includes 15 formally described species, one subspecies, and three further, thus far undescribed species: W. appressa, W. awasthii comb. nov., W. bahiensis sp. nov., W. brachyloba comb. nov., W. brouardii, W. chapadensis comb. nov., W. circumlobata sp. nov., W. decipioides, W. intensa comb. nov., W. ochraceofulva comb. nov., W. rubra sp. nov., W. sliwae sp. nov., W. sliwae ssp. subparviloba subsp. nov., W. subnitida comb. nov., W. texana, and W. variegata sp. nov. Eleven of 19 examined taxa are newly placed within this genus or confirmed to belong to it. Two species, W. awasthii and W. intensa, are transferred to Wetmoreana without additional analysis but based on previous studies. The W. brouardii and W. ochraceofulva species complexes are discussed in detail. Additionally, Caloplaca muelleri and C. rubina var. evolutior are transferred to Squamulea, and the latter is elevated to the species rank.
Haemaphysalis cinnabarina Koch 1844
Creators: name: Guglielmone, Alberto A.
name: Petney, Trevor N.
name: Robbins, Richard G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Ixodida
Ixodidae
Haemaphysalis
Haemaphysalis cinnabarina

description: 30. Haemaphysalis cinnabarina Koch, 1844a.
A Neotropical species whose hosts are unknown.
M: unknown
F: Koch (1844a)
N: unknown
L: unknown
Redescriptions
F: Koch (1847), under the name Haemaphysalis cinnaberina, Hoogstraal (1973)
Note: there are several unclear redescriptions of all stages of Haemaphysalis cinnabarina, sometimes called Haemaphysalis cinnaberina, that have been extensively confused with other species (Guglielmone & Nava 2014), but they are not listed here. Keirans and Restifo (1993) and Kolonin (2009), among others, do not treat Haemaphysalis cinnabarina as valid, but rather as a synonym of Haemaphysalis punctata. See also Haemaphysalis chordeilis for its confusion with Haemaphysalis cinnabarina.
description: Published as part of Guglielmone, Alberto A., Petney, Trevor N. & Robbins, Richard G., 2020, Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019, pp. 1-322 in Zootaxa 4871 (1) on pages 156-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4871.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4423340
Minimum degree conditions for containing an r-regular r-connected spanning subgraph
Creators: name: Hahn-Klimroth, Max
name: Parczyk, Olaf
name: Person, Yury
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: optimal minimum
subject: degree conditions
subject: r-regular r-connected spanning subgraph
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::510 Mathematik::510 Mathematik

description: We study optimal minimum degree conditions when an n -vertex graph G contains an r -regular r -connected spanning subgraph. We prove for r fixed and n large the condition to be delta(G) >= n+r-2 / 2 when nr equivalent to 0 (mod 2). This answers a question of M. Kriesell.
Opatrum subaratum
Creators: name: Lee, Dong-Yeol
name: Jeong, Ilyeong
name: Kim, Seonmin
name: Choi, Jae Won
name: Won, Min Hyeok
name: Kim, Donguk
name: Kim, Dongmin
name: Kim, Young-Kun
name: Jeon, Jiseung
name: Ryu, Jihun
name: Bang, WooJun
name: Chang, Jun Hyuk
name: Choi, Kwang Shik
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Tenebrionidae
Opatrum
Opatrum subaratum

description: Opatrum subaratum (Faldermann, 1835)
Notes
Lim and Lee (2012)
description: Published as part of Lee, Dong-Yeol, Jeong, Ilyeong, Kim, Seonmin, Choi, Jae Won, Won, Min Hyeok, Kim, Donguk, Kim, Dongmin, Kim, Young-Kun, Jeon, Jiseung, Ryu, Jihun, Bang, WooJun, Chang, Jun Hyuk & Choi, Kwang Shik, 2024, Checklist for the insect fauna of two East Sea Islands (Ulleungdo Is. and Dokdo Is.) in the Republic of Korea, pp. e 129360 in Biodiversity Data Journal 12 on page e129360, DOI: 10.3897/BDJ.12.e129360
Treidel, Rulf Jürgen, Evangelische Akademien im Nachkriegsdeutschland : gesellschaftspolitisches Engagement in kirchlicher Öffentlichkeitsverantwortung, Stuttgart, Kohlhammer, 2001, 259 S., ISBN 3-17-016878-9
Creators: name: Lepp, Claudia
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Kirchengeschichte
Year: 1970

description: Zeitschrift für Kirchengeschichte, Bd. 114 Nr. 3 (2003): Zeitschrift für Kirchengeschichte, Band 114, Heft 3
ICT-based environmental participation in China: Same, same but digital?
Creators: name: Bondes, Maria
name: Kostka, Genia
name: Rabe, Wiebke
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Digital governance
subject: ICTs
subject: Public participation
subject: Environmental activism
subject: Environmental governance
subject: China
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::300 Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie::301 Soziologie, Anthropologie

description: Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have been credited with the potential to alter the dynamics of environmental governance by empowering citizens, enhancing accountability and improving government efficiency. However, in non-democratic contexts the link between ICTs and public participation is far from clear. Taking the case of China, this study investigates urban Chinese citizens’ use of digital technologies for environmental participation and the factors explaining (non)engagement. Drawing on an online survey with 2912 participants in 2021, we find surprisingly high levels of participation that is not hampered by regime-related factors such as trust in governmental institutions or concerns about the risks of taking action online. This shows that digital technologies have significant participatory potential also under restrictive conditions. However, our findings also show several major limitations of ICTs. Participation in our study is driven by citizens who are digitally skilled, environmentally concerned and also active in the offline sphere. This points, first, to a digital participation opportunity gap that could exclude the less digitally skilled and tech-savvy. Second, this supports the “reinforcement hypothesis” that ICTs are used by the already active and do not suffice to draw new social groups into the policy process. Third, in our study digital environmental participation is limited by citizens’ attribution of responsibility to the government, an unintended consequence of China’s “environmental authoritarianism” that curtails ICTs from unfolding their full potential. Together, our findings contribute to the debate on digital authoritarianism and the opportunities and limitations of ICTs for environmental participation in non-democratic contexts.
Haemaphysalis colasbelcouri
Creators: name: Guglielmone, Alberto A.
name: Petney, Trevor N.
name: Robbins, Richard G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Ixodida
Ixodidae
Haemaphysalis
Haemaphysalis colasbelcouri

description: 31. Haemaphysalis colasbelcouri (Santos Dias, 1958b).
An Oriental species whose adults have been found on Artiodactyla: Bovidae and Cervidae. Haemaphysalis colasbelcouri is a very rare parasite of humans.
M: Teng and Jiang (1991), under the name Haemaphysalis vietnamensis, a synonym of Haemaphysalis colasbelcouri
F: Santos Dias (1958b), under the name Aponomma colasbelcouri and given its current status in Santos Dias (1985)
N: Ding and Ying (1996), under the name Haemaphysalis vietnamensis; see note below
L: Ding and Ying (1996), under the name Haemaphysalis vietnamensis; see note below
Redescriptions
M: Ding and Ying (1996) under the name Haemaphysalis vietnamensis
F: Hoogstraal and Wilson (1966), Hoogstraal and Kim (1985), Teng and Jiang (1991) and Ding and Ying (1996), all under the name Haemaphysalis vietnamensis
N: none
L: none
Note: Kolonin (2009) believes that Haemaphysalis colasbelcouri is probably a synonym of Haemaphysalis vietnamensis, and more than one species may exist under this name. Camicas et al. (1998) treat the larva and nymph of Haemaphysalis colasbelcouri as undescribed, ignoring the descriptions listed above.
description: Published as part of Guglielmone, Alberto A., Petney, Trevor N. & Robbins, Richard G., 2020, Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019, pp. 1-322 in Zootaxa 4871 (1) on page 157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4871.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4423340
Aricidea (Strelzovia) roberti Hartley 1984
Creators: name: Sikorski, Andrey
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Polychaeta
Paraonidae
Aricidea
Aricidea roberti

description: Aricidea (Strelzovia) roberti Hartley, 1984
Aricidea (Allia) roberti Hartley, 1984 10–13, figs. 2–3; Hartmann-Schröder 1996: 381; Aguirrezabalaga & Gil 200): 46–47, figs 8–9.
Aricidea (Strelzovia) roberti.— Aguirrezabalaga 2012: 210 –212, figs 87–88.
Material examined. 2520 Visund VI ref Reg11; 61.2353°N–2.6396°E; 312 m; 03.06.2002; one specimen. 3940 Askeladd Beta SA–07; 71.4758°N–20.4379°E; 275 m; 27.06.2007; two specimens.
Diagnosis. Antenna short, not reaching first chaetiger; cylindrical with rounded tip. Secondary ciliary organs present. Three prebranchial segments. Dorsal podial lobes of chaetiger 1 clearly shorter than those of remaining prebranchial chaetigers. Branchiae numbering up to 26 pairs; erect, longer than body width and bearing a long filamentous tip in posterior branchial region. Modified notochaetae absent. Neuropodial capillaries clearly thicker than notopodial ones. Modified neurochaetae gradually tapering, terminal spine as continuation of tip or absent.
Distribution. Eastern Atlantic, from North Sea close to Norway (Hartley 1984) to Portugal (Aguirrezabalaga & Gil 2008).
description: Published as part of Sikorski, Andrey, 2017, The Paraonidae (Annelida: Sedentaria) from Norway and adjacent seas, with two new species, four new records, and a redescription of Paraonides nordica Strelzov, 1968 based on type material, pp. 41-67 in Zootaxa 4320 (1) on page 46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4320.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/891538
pyMANGA: A modular, open and extendable software platform for modeling of forest and vegetation dynamics
Creators: name: Wimmler, Marie-Christin
name: Bathmann, Jasper
name: Vollhüter, Jonas
name: Berger, Uta
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Benchmarking
subject: Modularity
subject: Reusability
subject: Building blocks
subject: Individual-based modeling
subject: Ecological modeling
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Agent-based vegetation models are a widely used tool in ecology, for example, to understand and predict the response of vegetation to environmental change. Models are based on well-established descriptions of processes such as vegetation establishment, growth and mortality. However, they are often developed from scratch, which can be inefficient. Here we present pyMANGA, a free and open-source platform for plant growth modelers. pyMANGA's modular design allows for the combination of different concepts and theories of how plants establish, grow or compete in response to above- and below-ground resource availability. New or alternative modules describing, e.g., competition or facilitation, can be easily added. The interchangeability of modules supports the systematic testing of different hypotheses, e.g., on dominant processes in soil-plant feedback loops. Here we further present the thorough benchmarking strategy to maintain the platform and how pyMANGA can be used to compare models with different levels of abstraction and complexity.
Bedotella armata
Creators: name: Gil, Marta
name: Ramil, Fran
name: Agís, José Ansín
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Hydrozoa
Leptothecata
Hebellidae
Bedotella
Bedotella armata

description: Bedotella armata (Pictet & Bedot, 1900)
(Fig. 3A)
Bedotella armata: Ramil & Vervoort, 1992: 50–52, figs. 7c–d, 10a–c; Álvarez Claudio, 1993: 132–134, fig. 22, Lam. 4; Bouillon et al., 2004: 150, fig. 80I–K; Vervoort, 2006: 234–235.
Material examined. MAURIT-0911, stn MUDR01, 16º08´24”N, 16º57´12”W, 488 m, 5-XII-2009: two colonies, one colony badly damaged, without gonothecae.
Biology. This species has been found growing on other hydroid species, the corals D. cornigera and L. pertusa and worm tubes (Aguirrezabalaga et al. 1984; Ramil & Vervoort 1992; Álvarez Claudio 1993; Vervoort 2006). Fertile material has been found in April, July (Álvarez Claudio 1993) and October (Vervoort 2006).
Distribution. Bedotella armata has an Atlantic-Mediterranean distribution (Ramil & Vervoort 1992), extending from the Bay of Biscay to Cape Verde Islands and West Mediterranean (Vervoort 2006). In West Africa, it was collected from Mauritania (Gil & Ramil 2017a) and Cape Verde Islands (Vervoort 2006). Its bathymetric range extends from 100 (Aguirrezabalaga et al. 1984, as Campanularia armata Pictec & Bedot, 1900) to 1200 m (Vervoort 2006).
Our material was obtained from a depth of 488 m.
Remarks. The presence of globular nematothecae on stolonal tubes and characteristic shape of the hydrothecae helped in identifying this species, even the damaged colony, without any doubt.
description: Published as part of Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran & Agís, José Ansín, 2020, Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Mauritanian Coral Mounds, pp. 412-466 in Zootaxa 4878 (3) on pages 426-427, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4878.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/4425132
Uloma latimanus Kolbe 1886
Creators: name: Lee, Dong-Yeol
name: Jeong, Ilyeong
name: Kim, Seonmin
name: Choi, Jae Won
name: Won, Min Hyeok
name: Kim, Donguk
name: Kim, Dongmin
name: Kim, Young-Kun
name: Jeon, Jiseung
name: Ryu, Jihun
name: Bang, WooJun
name: Chang, Jun Hyuk
name: Choi, Kwang Shik
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Tenebrionidae
Uloma
Uloma latimanus

description: Uloma latimanus Kolbe, 1886
Notes
Lim and Lee (2012), HNIBR (2022)
description: Published as part of Lee, Dong-Yeol, Jeong, Ilyeong, Kim, Seonmin, Choi, Jae Won, Won, Min Hyeok, Kim, Donguk, Kim, Dongmin, Kim, Young-Kun, Jeon, Jiseung, Ryu, Jihun, Bang, WooJun, Chang, Jun Hyuk & Choi, Kwang Shik, 2024, Checklist for the insect fauna of two East Sea Islands (Ulleungdo Is. and Dokdo Is.) in the Republic of Korea, pp. e 129360 in Biodiversity Data Journal 12 on page e129360, DOI: 10.3897/BDJ.12.e129360
Leperina squamulosa
Creators: name: Lee, Dong-Yeol
name: Jeong, Ilyeong
name: Kim, Seonmin
name: Choi, Jae Won
name: Won, Min Hyeok
name: Kim, Donguk
name: Kim, Dongmin
name: Kim, Young-Kun
name: Jeon, Jiseung
name: Ryu, Jihun
name: Bang, WooJun
name: Chang, Jun Hyuk
name: Choi, Kwang Shik
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Trogossitidae
Leperina
Leperina squamulosa

description: Leperina squamulosa (Gebler, 1830)
Notes
Nam et al. (2018)
description: Published as part of Lee, Dong-Yeol, Jeong, Ilyeong, Kim, Seonmin, Choi, Jae Won, Won, Min Hyeok, Kim, Donguk, Kim, Dongmin, Kim, Young-Kun, Jeon, Jiseung, Ryu, Jihun, Bang, WooJun, Chang, Jun Hyuk & Choi, Kwang Shik, 2024, Checklist for the insect fauna of two East Sea Islands (Ulleungdo Is. and Dokdo Is.) in the Republic of Korea, pp. e 129360 in Biodiversity Data Journal 12 on page e129360, DOI: 10.3897/BDJ.12.e129360
Haemaphysalis colesbergensis Apanaskevich and Horak 2008
Creators: name: Guglielmone, Alberto A.
name: Petney, Trevor N.
name: Robbins, Richard G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Ixodida
Ixodidae
Haemaphysalis
Haemaphysalis colesbergensis

description: 32. Haemaphysalis colesbergensis Apanaskevich and Horak, 2008c.
An Afrotropical species whose adults and nymphs have been collected from Erinaceomorpha: Erinaceidae; adults alone have been found on Carnivora: Canidae and Felidae. There are no records of Haemaphysalis colesbergensis causing human parasitism.
M: Apanaskevich and Horak (2008c)
F: Apanaskevich and Horak (2008c)
N: Apanaskevich and Horak (2008c)
L: Apanaskevich and Horak (2008c)
Redescriptions
M: Horak et al. (2018)
F: Horak et al. (2018)
N: none
L: none
Note: Haemaphysalis colesbergensis was originally identified as Haemaphysalis leachi. See also Haemaphysalis spinulosa.
description: Published as part of Guglielmone, Alberto A., Petney, Trevor N. & Robbins, Richard G., 2020, Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019, pp. 1-322 in Zootaxa 4871 (1) on page 157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4871.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4423340
Schott, Christian-Erdmann (Hrg.): Spuren und Wirkungen der schlesischen evangelischen Kirche im Nachkriegsdeutschland
Creators: name: Maser, Peter
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Kirchengeschichte
Year: 1970

description: Zeitschrift für Kirchengeschichte, Bd. 114 Nr. 3 (2003): Zeitschrift für Kirchengeschichte, Band 114, Heft 3
Faithfully Simulating Near-Term Quantum Repeaters
Creators: name: Wallnoefer, Julius
name: Hahn, Frederik
name: Wiesner, Fabian
name: Walk, Nathan
name: Eisert, Jens
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum communication
subject: Quantum entanglement
subject: Quantum repeaters
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: Quantum repeaters have long been established to be essential for distributing entanglement over long distances. Consequently, their experimental realization constitutes a core challenge of quantum communication. However, there are numerous open questions about implementation details for realistic near-term experimental setups. In order to assess the performance of realistic repeater protocols, here we present ReQuSim, a comprehensive Monte Carlo–based simulation platform for quantum repeaters that faithfully includes loss and models a wide range of imperfections such as memories with time-dependent noise. Our platform allows us to perform an analysis for quantum repeater setups and strategies that go far beyond known analytical results: This refers to being able to both capture more realistic noise models and analyze more complex repeater strategies. We present a number of findings centered around the combination of strategies for improving performance, such as entanglement purification and the use of multiple repeater stations, and demonstrate that there exist complex relationships between them. We stress that numerical tools such as ours are essential to model complex quantum communication protocols aimed at contributing to the quantum Internet.
Anyon Condensation and the Color Code
Creators: name: Kesselring, Markus S.
name: Fuente, Julio C. Magdalena De La
name: Thomsen, Felix
name: Eisert, Jens
name: Bartlett, Stephen D.
name: Brown, Benjamin J.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum error correction
subject: Quantum information processing
subject: Quantum Information, Science & Technology
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: The manipulation of topologically ordered phases of matter to encode and process quantum information forms the cornerstone of many approaches to fault-tolerant quantum computing. Here we demonstrate that fault-tolerant logical operations in these approaches can be interpreted as instances of anyon condensation. We present a constructive theory for anyon condensation and, in tandem, illustrate our theory explicitly using the color-code model. We show that different condensation processes are associated with a general class of domain walls, which can exist in both spacelike and timelike directions. This class includes semitransparent domain walls that condense certain subsets of anyons. We use our theory to classify topological objects and design novel fault-tolerant logic gates for the color code. As a final example, we also argue that dynamical “Floquet codes” can be viewed as a series of condensation operations. We propose a general construction for realizing planar dynamically driven codes based on condensation operations on the color code. We use our construction to introduce a new Calderbank-Shor-Steane–type Floquet code that we call the Floquet color code.
title: Exploiting Neutrons to Unveil Star-Formation: Exploring Dynamical Amorphous Ice Systems
Creators: name: Amato, Zachary
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2025

description: Interstellar ice, dominated by Amorphous Solid Water (ASW), is the largest molecular reservoir in the Universe. In shocked regions and planet-forming disks, physical vapour deposition of H2O from the gas-phase onto dust particles is the dominant formation mechanism. At low temperatures, the depositions of ASW are usually very porous – allowing for a large amount of molecules to be stored within these pores. However, metastable interstellar ASW seems to lose porosity as a function of time or temperature as star-formation progresses. The chemical physics understanding of ASW pore evolution remains unresolved and even more so when there is the presence of adsorbates. 


The overarching aim of this PhD is thus to understand the thermally induced changes in the nano-scale physical properties and structure of these ices and how this is impacted by the presence of adsorbates. Using Neutron Scattering and Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations, the growth and thermal evolution of pure ASW and ASW + CO2 has been studied. 


Drastic changes to the ice morphology are observed across the temperature range of 120 - 150 K. This leads to the loss of surface area and porosity (evolving separately), and a general compaction of the ice with both time and temperature. This compares very favourably to the molecular dynamics studies of the same systems. Altogether, the neutron scattering results converge to form a new picture of the ASW structure and nanoporosity during growth and annealing, involving microporous islands with voids between them. When CO2 is added, there is a clear change in the ASW structure and nano-porosity, whereby the CO2 is likely disrupting the ASW pore network. However, further work is needed to untangle exactly what is happening in these mixed ices.
Thymalus parviceps Lewis 1894
Creators: name: Lee, Dong-Yeol
name: Jeong, Ilyeong
name: Kim, Seonmin
name: Choi, Jae Won
name: Won, Min Hyeok
name: Kim, Donguk
name: Kim, Dongmin
name: Kim, Young-Kun
name: Jeon, Jiseung
name: Ryu, Jihun
name: Bang, WooJun
name: Chang, Jun Hyuk
name: Choi, Kwang Shik
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Salmoniformes
Salmonidae
Thymalus
Thymalus parviceps

description: Thymalus parviceps Lewis, 1894
Notes
Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001)
description: Published as part of Lee, Dong-Yeol, Jeong, Ilyeong, Kim, Seonmin, Choi, Jae Won, Won, Min Hyeok, Kim, Donguk, Kim, Dongmin, Kim, Young-Kun, Jeon, Jiseung, Ryu, Jihun, Bang, WooJun, Chang, Jun Hyuk & Choi, Kwang Shik, 2024, Checklist for the insect fauna of two East Sea Islands (Ulleungdo Is. and Dokdo Is.) in the Republic of Korea, pp. e 129360 in Biodiversity Data Journal 12 on page e129360, DOI: 10.3897/BDJ.12.e129360
Halecium beanii
Creators: name: Gil, Marta
name: Ramil, Fran
name: Agís, José Ansín
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Hydrozoa
Leptothecata
Haleciidae
Halecium
Halecium beanii

description: Halecium beanii (Johnston, 1838)
Halecium beanii: Millard, 1975: 144-145, figs 47A-E; Cornelius, 1995a: 276–278, fig. 62; Ramil et al., 1998: 7; Medel & Vervoort, 2000: 8–12, fig. 1; Schuchert, 2005: 615–618, fig. 5, 6.
Material examined. MSM 16 /3, stn GeoB 14796–1, ROV, 20°14.840’– 20°14.575’N, 17°40.193’– 17°40.071’W, 487–642 m, 3-XI-2010: three colonies 40–60 mm high, attached to Lophelia pertusa, all colonies with female gonothecae.
Biology. Halecium beanii has been usually found growing on hard substrata like rocks and concretions and on algae and other invertebrates (Gravili et al. 2015). Fertile material has been found throughout the year (Cornelius 1995a; Gil & Ramil 2017a).
Our material was found growing on L. pertusa. Colonies with female gonothecae were recorded in November.
Distribution. This species shows a near cosmopolitan distribution in shallow to moderately deep waters, with records in all oceans but the Southern Ocean (Cornelius 1995a; Ramil et al. 1998; Schuchert 2005); its distribution was reviewed in detail by Medel & Vervoort (2000). In West Africa, H. beanii was collected from Morocco (Patriti 1970), Canary Islands (Medel & Vervoort 2000), Cape Verde Islands (Rees & Thursfield 1965), Guinea-Bissau (Vervoort 1959; Gili et al. 1989) and Ghana (Buchanan 1957). Its bathymetric distribution extends from 0 to 1134 m (Millard 1978).
Our material was collected from depths of 487 to 642 m.
Remarks. The presence of female gonothecae confirms the identification of this material as H. beanii. Its morphology is very similar to that of Halecium halecinum (Linnaeus, 1758), and only the female gonothecae allow accurate separation of both species (Millard 1975; Ramil & Vervoort 1992; Schuchert 2005).
description: Published as part of Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran & Agís, José Ansín, 2020, Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Mauritanian Coral Mounds, pp. 412-466 in Zootaxa 4878 (3) on page 427, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4878.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/4425132
title: Activité du port de Saint-Malo – 1682 – Jersey
Creators: name: :Unkn
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: produits exotiques et ultramarins
subject: dopants
subject: produits combustibles
subject: produits manufacturés
subject: textiles
subject: minerais et métaux
subject: épices et condiments

description: Cette fiche est issue de l’enquête menée par Jean Delumeau sur l’activité du port de Saint-Malo au 17e et 18e siècle. Cette fiche correspond à l’activité de l’année 1682 avec le port "Jersey"
description: Marchandises au départ de Saint-Malo : tabac de Saint-Domingue
description: Catégories de marchandises au départ de Saint-Malo : produits exotiques et ultramarins ; dopants
description: Marchandises arrivées à Saint-Malo : charbon ; bas ; toile ; tabac ; sel ; fer ; serge ; tanne ; brai ; bois à feu ; barils ; fer ; drap
description: Catégories de marchandises arrivées à Saint-Malo : produits combustibles ; produits manufacturés ; textiles ; produits exotiques et ultramarins ; dopants ; minerais et métaux ; épices et condiments
description: Coverage: Grand commerce
description: Bibliographic citation: LANGLET, Philippe. L'activité du port de Saint-Malo de 1681 et 1682. DES : Histoire : Rennes, 1957 (Bibliothèque François-Lebrun - Rennes 2, MH 1000)
description: date: Date de numérisation : 2021 à 2023
description: created: Années 1950-1960
Halogen (F, Cl, Br, and I) Devolatilization During Prograde Subduction: Insights From Western Alps Ophiolites
Creators: name: Beaudoin, G. M.
name: Barnes, J. D.
name: Orlandini, O. F.
name: Chatterjee, R.
name: Stockli, D. F.
name: John, Timm
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: halogens
subject: subduction
subject: Alps
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: In order to examine the progressive chemical evolution of halogens (F, Cl, Br, I) in altered ocean crust (AOC) during prograde subduction, this study compares bulk and in situ halogen concentrations in mafic samples from three petrogenetically related exhumed terrains in the Western Alps (the Chenaillet ophiolite, the Queyras ophiolites of the Schistes Lustrés, and the Monviso ophiolite). Samples from the Chenaillet ophiolite represent oceanic crust unaffected by metamorphic halogen loss and define a protolith halogen content (122 μg/g F, 29 μg/g Cl, 82 ng/g Br, and 98 ng/g I). Samples from the Queyras ophiolites experienced blueschist facies conditions, undergoing recrystallization and halogen loss (74 μg/g F, 19 μg/g Cl, 70 ng/g Br, and 63 ng/g I). Eclogite facies samples from the Monviso meta-ophiolite exhibit markedly reduced Cl (8 μg/g Cl) and Br (42 ng/g Br) contents relative to samples from Chenaillet and Queyras. Using electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), F and Cl host minerals (e.g., amphibole, chlorite, epidote) are identified and characterized in selected samples, showing a broad distribution of F and Cl, lending support to the view that halogen devolatilization in the subducting slab occurs continuously and is not dependent on the breakdown of a particular phase. In situ Cl concentrations decrease significantly between sub-greenschist and blueschist assemblages. Fluorine is retained within subducting AOC and is decoupled from the heavy halogens (Cl, Br, I), which undergo continuous devolatilization during prograde metamorphism.
Haemaphysalis concinna Koch 1844
Creators: name: Guglielmone, Alberto A.
name: Petney, Trevor N.
name: Robbins, Richard G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Ixodida
Ixodidae
Haemaphysalis
Haemaphysalis concinna

description: 33. Haemaphysalis concinna Koch, 1844a.
An Oriental and Palearctic species whose adults are usually found on Artiodactyla: Bovidae and Cervidae. All parasitic stages have been collected from Mammalia (several orders), Galliformes: Phasianidae, and Passeriformes (several families); nymphs and larvae have been recovered from Aves (several orders) and, rarely, from Squamata: Colubridae and Lacertidae. Haemaphysalis concinna is a frequent parasite of humans.
M: Koch (1844a)
F: Koch (1844a)
N: Nuttall and Warburton (1915)
L: Nuttall and Warburton (1915)
Redescriptions
M: Koch (1847), Nuttall and Warburton (1915), Ogura and Takada (1927), Olenev (1931a), Yajima (1942), Itagaki et al. (1944, 1959), Pomerantzev (1950), Emchuk (1960), Babos (1964), Feider (1965), Yamaguti et al. (1971), Nosek and Sixl (1972), Yamaguti and Kitaoka (1980), Yamaguti (1981), Teng and Jiang (1991), Siuda (1993), Hillyard (1996), Filippova (1997), Yu et al. (1997), Pérez-Eid (2007), Slovák (2010), Hosseini-Chegeni et al. (2014), Estrada-Peña et al. (2017)
F: Koch (1847), Nuttall and Warburton (1915), Ogura and Takada (1927), Olenev (1931a), Itagaki et al. (1944, 1959), Pomerantzev (1950), Emchuk (1960), Babos (1964), Feider (1965), Yamaguti et al. (1971), Yamaguti and Kitaoka (1980), Yamaguti (1981), Nosek and Sixl (1972), Teng and Jiang (1991), Siuda (1993), Hillyard (1996), Filippova (1997), Yu et al. (1997), Pérez-Eid (2007), Slovák (2010), Hosseini-Chegeni et al. (2014), Estrada-Peña et al. (2017)
N: Pospelova-Shtrom (1940), Itagaki et al. (1944, 1959), Emchuk (1960), Babos (1964), Feider (1965), Yamaguti et al. (1971), Nosek and Sixl (1972), Kitaoka (1985), Teng and Jiang (1991), Siuda (1993), Filippova (1997), Fujita and Takada (2007), Pérez-Eid (2007), Estrada-Peña et al. (2017).
L: Pospelova-Shtrom (1940), Itagaki et al. (1944, 1959), Emchuk (1960), Babos (1964), Feider (1965), Yamaguti et al. (1971), Nosek and Sixl (1972), Kitaoka (1985), Teng and Jiang (1991), Siuda (1993), Filippova (1997), Fujita and Takada (2007), Pérez-Eid (2007), Estrada-Peña et al. (2017)
description: Published as part of Guglielmone, Alberto A., Petney, Trevor N. & Robbins, Richard G., 2020, Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019, pp. 1-322 in Zootaxa 4871 (1) on pages 157-158, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4871.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4423340
Blet, Pierre: Papst Pius XII. und der Zweite Weltkrieg
Creators: name: Samerski, Stefan
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Kirchengeschichte
Year: 1970

description: Zeitschrift für Kirchengeschichte, Bd. 114 Nr. 3 (2003): Zeitschrift für Kirchengeschichte, Band 114, Heft 3
Qualtrics Survey-College of Agriculture and Natural Resources Scholarship Application
Creators: name: Howe, David
Publisher: name: College of Agriculture and Natural Resources
Year: 2025

description: The College of Agriculture and Natural Resources uses two Qualtrics surveys for their annual scholarship application process. The scholarship program includes more than 50 possible awards. Survey 1 collects information about the student applicant, including demographic data, career interests and extracurricular activities. Based on that information, it then uses internal logic to present the applicant with a selection of awards for which they may qualify. The second survey serves as the tool for uploading the required essay. The items here are .pdf files for both surveys.
Haemaphysalis cooleyi Bedford 1929
Creators: name: Guglielmone, Alberto A.
name: Petney, Trevor N.
name: Robbins, Richard G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Ixodida
Ixodidae
Haemaphysalis
Haemaphysalis cooleyi

description: 34. Haemaphysalis cooleyi Bedford, 1929.
An Afrotropical species known only to parasitize Hyracoidea: Procaviidae.
M: Bedford (1929)
F: Bedford (1929)
N: Bedford (1929)
L: unknown
Redescriptions
M: Hoogstraal (1956a, b), Hoogstraal and Wassef (1981b)
F: Hoogstraal (1956 a, b), Hoogstraal and Wassef (1981b)
N: Hoogstraal (1956b), Hoogstraal and Wassef (1981b)
Note: Bedford (1929) described the nymph of Haemaphysalis cooleyi based on two specimens collected from Procavia capensis but also mentioned several alleged nymphs of this tick taken from Pedetes capensis (named as Pedetes caffer). Warburton (1933) received a male and a female tick collected from Pedetes and identified by Bedford as Haemaphysalis cooleyi but classified both specimens as Haemaphysalis numidiana, a synonym of Haemaphysalis erinacei, while expressing doubts that the nymphs from Pedetes classified by Bedford as Haemaphysalis cooleyi actually belong to this species. The adult ticks from Pedetes identified as Haemaphysalis numidiana by Warburton (1933) were later described as Haemaphysalis pedetes by Hoogstraal (1972).
description: Published as part of Guglielmone, Alberto A., Petney, Trevor N. & Robbins, Richard G., 2020, Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019, pp. 1-322 in Zootaxa 4871 (1) on page 158, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4871.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4423340
title: Simultaneous Aerodynamic Analysis and Design Optimization
Creators: name: Mani, Satish Venkatasubra
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 1993

description: An efficient approach for simultaneous aerodynamic analysis and design optimization is presented. Using this approach, the expensive procedure of performing complete steady— state flow analyses at every design-optimization step is avoided, thus addressing the challenge of incorporating computational fluid dynamics software into efficient gradient—based optimization techniques for aerodynamic design. An adjoint—variable method is introduced to nullify the effect of an increased number of design variables in this problem formulation. This approach is successfully tested on two quasi—one—dimensional nozzle—flow problems: a fully supersonic flow, and also a transonic flow with a normal shock. The algorithm is implemented using the direct Newton—iteration procedure; however, application with iterative flow solvers is shown to be feasible, and will be required for multidimensional problems.