cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Resilience of orbital angular momentum qubits and effects on hybrid entanglement
Creators: name: Giovannini, Daniele
name: Nagali, Eleonora
name: Marrucci, Lorenzo
name: Sciarrino, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The orbital angular momentum of light (OAM) provides a promising approach for the implementation of multidimensional states (qudits) for quantum information purposes. In order to characterize the degradation undergone by the information content of qubits encoded in a bidimensional subspace of the orbital angular momentum degree of freedom of photons, we study how the state fidelity is affected by a transverse obstruction placed along the propagation direction of the light beam. Emphasis is placed on the effects of planar and radial hard-edged aperture functions on the state fidelity of Laguerre-Gaussian transverse modes and the entanglement properties of polarization-OAM hybrid-entangled photon pairs.
description: 6 pages, 9 figures
Impact of ageing on pea protein volatile compounds and correlation with odour
Creators: name: Fischer, Estelle
name: Cachon, Rémy
name: Cayot, Nathalie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: pea protein
ageing
HS-SPME-GC-MS
beany

description: The positive effects of plant-based protein consumption are widely reported; nonetheless, several disadvantages such as “grassy” or “beany” off-flavours are encountered [1]. Moreover, the impact of the storage conditions, or ageing, on the evolution of the off-flavour is not well-known [2]. This study aimed to investigate the evolution of the volatile compounds and of the odour during one year using two different ageing processes. The volatile compounds were determined by HS-SPME-GC-MS and the odour by smelling the products at each time of sampling. The mechanisms involved [3-6] and the most impacting factor on the evolution of the volatile compounds were determined. Furthermore, because there is a great challenge to link instrumental data to the odour, a tentative correlation was proposed in order to be able to use instrumental data for early detection of off-flavour and to study the neo-formed compounds during storage.
Characterisation and simulation of InAs/InAsSb structures for mid-infrared LEDs
Creators: name: Keen, James
Publisher: name: Lancaster University
Year: 2019

description: This work reports research on InAs/InAsSb structures focusing on their
      photoluminescence and electroluminescence spectra over the 4 – 300 K
      temperature range. The purpose was to gain an insight into developing mid
      – infrared light – emitting diodes (LEDs) operating with sufficiently high
      power and efficiency for room temperature gas sensing applications.

      InAs/InAsSb strained – layer superlattice (SLS) and multiple quantum well
      (MQW) structures of low antimony content (Sb = 3.7 – 13.5 %) grown by MBE
      on InAs substrates were compared. These structures were characterised by
      XRD and TEM imaging. Band structure simulations highlighted the effects of
      changing QW antimony content and layer thicknesses on the emission
      properties.

      Mid – infrared 4 – 300 K photoluminescence showed peak shifting to longer
      wavelengths and intensity reduction for structures with increased QW
      antimony content. Excitonic emission identified in the photoluminescence
      spectra under low excitation power was investigated. Temperature quenching
      was attributed to competing radiative and non – radiative free carrier
      recombination processes. At higher temperatures, MQW photoluminescence was
      dominated by emission from electron – hole recombination in the InAs
      barrier layers. This was not observed for the SLS, with holes strongly
      confined in the QWs up to room temperature. The dominant Auger process was
      identified to differ between the MQW and SLS structures, with larger
      experimental values for these processes compared to theory indicating some
      degree of suppression due to the type II band alignment of the structures.
      All these findings highlighted the superiority of the SLS and its
      attractiveness for use in the active region of MIR LEDs.

      Two prototype SLS LEDs were fabricated. Mid – infrared 7 – 300 K
      electroluminescence was obtained, with the 4.2 µm CO2 absorption
      fingerprint identifiable. The electroluminescence spectra displayed
      similar behaviour to the PL spectra. Microwatt output powers were produced
      by the devices at room temperature. Approaches to improve device
      performance are considered, as it is of interest to further develop SLS
      LEDs for mid – infrared applications.
Probing the magnetic ground state of the molecular Dysprosium triangle
Creators: name: Salman, Z.
name: Giblin, S. R.
name: Lan, Y.
name: Powell, A. K.
name: Scheuermann, R.
name: Tingle, R.
name: Sessoli, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present zero field muon spin lattice relaxation measurements of a Dysprosium triangle molecular magnet. The local magnetic fields sensed by the implanted muons indicate the coexistence of static and dynamic internal magnetic fields below $T^* ~35$ K. Bulk magnetization and heat capacity measurements show no indication of magnetic ordering below this temperature. We attribute the static fields to the slow relaxation of the magnetization in the ground state of Dy3. The fluctuation time of the dynamic part of the field is estimated to be ~0.55 $μ$s at low temperatures
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B
Development and characterization of sorafenib-loaded lipid nanocapsules for the treatment of glioblastoma
Creators: name: Clavreul, Anne
name: Roger, Emilie
name: Pourbaghi-Masouleh, Milad
name: Lemaire, Laurent
name: Tétaud, Clément
name: Menei, Philippe
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer

description: Anticancer agents that target both tumor cells and angiogenesis are of potential interest for glioblastoma (GB) therapy. One such agent is sorafenib (SFN), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. However, poor aqueous solubility and undesirable side effects limit its clinical application, including local treatment. We encapsulated SFN in lipid nanocapsules (LNCs) to overcome these drawbacks. LNCs are nanocarriers formulated according to a solvent-free process, using only components that have received regulatory approval. SFN-LNCs had a diameter of 54 ± 1 nm, high encapsulation efficiency (>90%), and a drug payload of 2.11 ± 0.03 mg/g of LNC dispersion. They inhibited in vitro angiogenesis and decreased human U87MG GB cell viability similarly to free SFN. In vivo studies showed that the intratumoral administration of SFN-LNCs or free SFN in nude mice bearing an orthotopic U87MG human GB xenograft decreased the proportion of proliferating cells in the tumor relative to control groups. SFN-LNCs were more effective than free SFN for inducing early tumor vascular normalization, characterized by increases in tumor blood flow and decreases in tumor vessel area. These results highlight the potential of LNCs as delivery systems for SFN. The vascular normalization induced by SFN-LNCs could be used to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy or radiotherapy for treating GB.
An α-tocopheryl succinate enzyme-based nanoassembly for cancer imaging and therapy
Creators: name: Lee, Song Yi
name: Cho, Hyun-Jong
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology

description: Nanoassembly (NA) based on a D-α-tocopherol succinate (αTS) conjugated lysozyme (Lys) (Lys-αTS) was fabricated for tumor-selective delivery of curcumin (CUR) for breast cancer therapy. Lys and αTS were used as a biocompatible enzyme and a hydrophobic residue, respectively, for the preparation of nanocarriers in this study. Compared with CUR-loaded cross-linked Lys (c-Lys/CUR) NA, Lys-αTS/CUR NA exhibited a smaller hydrodynamic size (213 nm mean diameter), a narrower size distribution, and a more spherical shape. Sustained drug release was observed from the Lys-αTS/CUR NA for five days at a normal physiological pH (pH 7.4). The developed Lys-αTS/CUR NA showed enhanced cellular accumulation, antiproliferative effects, and apoptotic efficacies in MDA-MB-231 human breast adenocarcinoma cells. According to the results of optical imaging test in the MDA-MB-231 tumor-bearing mouse models, the Lys-αTS/CUR NA-injected group exhibited a more tumor-selective accumulation pattern, rather than being distributed in the normal tissues and organs. The observed tumor targetability of Lys-αTS/CUR was further studied, which revealed improved in vivo anticancer activities (better inhibition of tumor growth and induction of apoptosis in the tumor tissue) after an intravenous administration in the MDA-MB-231 tumor-bearing mouse models. All these results indicate that the newly developed enzyme-based nanocarrier, the Lys-αTS NA, can be a promising candidate for the therapy of breast cancers.
Temperature dependent resistivity in bilayer graphene due to flexural phonons
Creators: name: Ochoa, H.
name: Castro, Eduardo V.
name: Katsnelson, M. I.
name: Guinea, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied electron scattering by out-of-plane (flexural) phonons in doped suspended bilayer graphene. We have found the bilayer membrane to follow the qualitative behavior of the monolayer cousin. In the bilayer, different electronic structure combine with different electron-phonon coupling to give the same parametric dependence in resistivity, and in particular the same temperature $T$ behavior. In parallel with the single layer, flexural phonons dominate the phonon contribution to resistivity in the absence of strain, where a density independent mobility is obtained. This contribution is strongly suppressed by tension, and in-plane phonons become the dominant contribution in strained samples. Among the quantitative differences an important one has been identified: room $T$ mobility in bilayer graphene is substantially higher than in monolayer. The origin of quantitative differences has been unveiled.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures
Placental Mitochondrial Dysfunction in relation to preterm delivery in HIV pregnancy
Creators: name: Salvador Ordoño, Marta
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: Background: Preterm birth (PTB) (<37 weeks of gestation), is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity among children, responsible for >1 million deaths in 2015 [1]. In North America, PTB occurs in 6–10% of births. However, among pregnant women living with HIV, the rates are higher (18-29%). To date, there is no generally accepted mechanism underlying such increased rates. One possible explanation is reduced maternal progesterone production during pregnancy, which may be related to HIV infection and/or antiretroviral (ARV) treatment. Synthesis of progesterone (hormone central to pregnancy maintenance), is dependent on placental mitochondrial function. Given that many ARVs can affect mitochondrial (mt) function, I investigated the possible effects of ARV on placental mtDNA content and progesterone levels. Methods: 136 HIV+ and 60 HIV- pregnant women were enrolled in the Canadian prospective study, the Children and women: Antiretroviral and Markers of Aging (CARMA) cohort. Placenta and blood specimens, as well as clinical and sociodemographic data, were collected. Placental and plasma progesterone levels, as well as placenta mtDNA content, were measured using ELISA and qPCR respectively. We extended these investigations of ARV effects to in vitro models on two human placental cell lines, JEG-3 and BeWo. Results: Within this cohort, HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) infants were born at an earlier gestational age (p=0.017), with a lower birth weight (p=0.011) compared to controls. PTB showed no association with HIV status, placenta mtDNA or progesterone levels. However, higher mtDNA was associated with preeclampsia (p<0.001), which often leads to PTB.
Hunting the static energy renormalon
Creators: name: Bauer, Clemens
name: Bali, Gunnar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We employ Numerical Stochastic Perturbation Theory (NSPT) together with twisted boundary conditions (TBC) to search for the leading renormalon in the perturbative expansion of the static energy. This renormalon is expected to emerge four times faster than the one for the gluon conden- sate in the plaquette. We extract the static energy from Polyakov loop calculations up to 12 loops and present preliminary results, indicating a significant step towards confirming the theoretical expectation.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, talk given at the XXVIII International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 2010), June 14-19 2010, Villasimius, Italy
Dynamics of encrypted information in the presence of imperfect operations
Creators: name: Metwally, Nasser
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The original dense coding protocol is achieved via quantum channel generated between a single Cooper pair and a cavity. The dynamics of the coded and decoded information are investigated for different values of the channel's parameters. The efficiency of this channel for coding and decoding information depends on the initial state settings of the Cooper pair. It is shown that, these information increase as the detuning parameter increases or the number of photons inside the cavity decreases. The coded and decoded information increase as the ratio of the capacities between the box and gate decreases. In the presence of imperfect operation, the sensitivity of the information to the phase error is much larger than the bit flip error.
A numerical test of stress correlations in fluctuating hydrodynamics
Creators: name: Schindler, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The correlations of the fluctuating stress tensor are calculated in an equilibrium molecular-dynamics simulation of a Lennard--Jones liquid. We define a coarse-grained local stress tensor which can be calculated numerically and which allows for the first time to determine the stress correlation function both in time and in space. Our findings corroborate the assumptions made in fluctuating hydrodynamics as long as the liquid is isotropic, that is in bulk. In the vicinity of a rigid plate, however, the isotropy is restricted, and major modifications must be done with respect to the usual theory. Among these are the appearance of five different viscosities instead of two and a non-trivial dependence of the distance from the wall. We determine these viscosities from the simulation data and find that their values are very different from the bulk values. We further find much longer relaxation times of the stress correlations than in bulk.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures. To be published in the special issue "Stochastic Processes in Physics and Chemistry" of Chemical Physics, on occasion of Peter Hanggi's 60th birthday
Pionic correlations and meson-exchange currents in two-particle emission induced by electron scattering
Creators: name: Amaro, J. E.
name: Maieron, C.
name: Barbaro, M. B.
name: Caballero, J. A.
name: Donnelly, T. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-particle two-hole contributions to electromagnetic response functions are computed in a fully relativistic Fermi gas model. All one-pion exchange diagrams that contribute to the scattering amplitude in perturbation theory are considered, including terms for pionic correlations and meson-exchange currents (MEC). The pionic correlation terms diverge in an infinite system and thus are regularized by modification of the nucleon propagator in the medium to take into account the finite size of the nucleus. The pionic correlation contributions are found to be of the same order of magnitude as the MEC.
description: 14 pages, 15 figures
Measurements of vector magnetic field using multiple electromagnetically induced transparency resonances in Rb vapor
Creators: name: Cox, Kevin
name: Yudin, Valery I.
name: Taichenachev, Alexey V.
name: Novikova, Irina
name: Mikhailov, Eugeniy E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study intensity distribution of transmission resonances under the conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) with lin||lin configuration in 87Rb vapor. We demonstrate that for various orientations of the external magnetic field all seven resolved EIT resonances exhibit maxima or minima at certain directions of the linear polarization of the laser field. This effect can be used for development of a high-precision vector EIT magnetometer.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Multistage delivery of CDs-DOX/ICG-loaded liposome for highly penetration and effective chemo-photothermal combination therapy
Creators: name: Xue, Xiao
name: Fang, Ting
name: Yin, Luyao
name: Jiang, Jianqi
name: He, Yunpeng
name: Dai, Yinghui
name: Wang, Dongkai
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Nanoparticles (NPs) have proven to be effective drug carriers in diagnosis and therapy of cancer. But, they faced a contradictory issue that NPs with large size appear weak tumor penetration, meanwhile small size resulted in poor tumor retention. Herein, we fabricated doxorubicin conjugated carbon dots (CDs-DOX) and indocyanine green (ICG)-loaded liposomes (ICG-LPs) named CDs-ICG-LPs using a modified reverse phase evaporation process, and with high incorporation in the aqueous core. The CDs-ICG-LPs exhibited good monodispersity, excellent fluorescence/size stability, and consistent spectra characteristics compared with free ICG or DOX. Moreover, the CDs-ICG-LPs showed higher temperature response, faster DOX release under laser irradiation. In the meantime, the fluorescence of DOX and ICG in CDs-ICG-LPs was also visualized for the process of subcellular location in vitro. In comparison with chemo or photothermal treatment alone, the combined treatment of CDs-ICG-LPs with laser irradiation synergistically induced the apoptosis and death of DOX-sensitive HepG2 cells. In vivo antitumor activities demonstrated CDs-ICG-LPs could reach higher antitumor activity compared with CDs-DOX and ICG-LPs for H22 tumor cells, and suppressed H22 tumor growth in vivo. Notably, no systemic toxicity occurrence was observed after repeated dose of CDs-ICG-LPs with laser irradiation. Hence, the well-defined CDs-ICG-LPs exhibited great potential in targeting cancer imaging and chemo-photothermal therapy.
PT-Symmetric Oligomers: Analytical Solutions, Linear Stability and Nonlinear Dynamics
Creators: name: Li, K.
name: Kevrekidis, P. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the present work we focus on the case of (few-site) configurations respecting the PT-symmetry. We examine the case of such "oligomers" with not only 2-sites, as in earlier works, but also the cases of 3- and 4-sites. While in the former case of recent experimental interest, the picture of existing stationary solutions and their stability is fairly straightforward, the latter cases reveal a considerable additional complexity of solutions, including ones that exist past the linear PT-breaking point in the case of the trimer, and more complex, even asymmetric solutions in the case of the quadrimer with nontrivial spectral and dynamical properties. Both the linear stability and the nonlinear dynamical properties of the obtained solutions are discussed.
description: 6 pages, 9 figures
Uber-naturalness: unexpectedly light scalars from supersymmetric extra dimensions
Creators: name: Burgess, C. P.
name: Maharana, Anshuman
name: Quevedo, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Standard lore asserts that quantum effects generically forbid the occurrence of light (non-pseudo-Goldstone) scalars having masses smaller than the Kaluza Klein scale, M_KK, in extra-dimensional models, or the gravitino mass, M_3/2, in supersymmetric situations. We argue that a hidden assumption underlies this lore: that the scale of gravitational physics, M_g, (e.g. the string scale, M_s, in string theory) is of order the Planck mass, M_p = 10^18 GeV. We explore sensitivity to this assumption using the spectrum of masses arising within the specific framework of large-volume string compactifications, for which the ultraviolet completion at the gravity scale is explicitly known to be a Type IIB string theory. In such models the separation between M_g and M_p is parameterized by the (large) size of the extra dimensional volume, V (in string units), according to M_p: M_g: M_KK: M_3/2 = 1: V^{-1/2}: V^{-2/3}: V^{-1}. We find that the generic size of quantum corrections to masses is of the order of M_KK M_3/2 / M_p ~ M_p / V^{5/3}. The mass of the lighest modulus (corresponding to the extra-dimensional volume) which at the classical level is M_V ~ M_p/V^{3/2} << M_3/2 << M_KK is thus stable against quantum corrections. This is possible because the couplings of this modulus to other forms of matter in the low-energy theory are generically weaker than gravitational strength (something that is also usually thought not to occur according to standard lore). We discuss some phenomenological and cosmological implications of this observation.
description: 31 pages
The evolution of cool-core clusters
Creators: name: Santos, Joana S.
name: Tozzi, Paolo
name: Rosati, Piero
name: Boehringer, Hans
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cool-core clusters are characterized by strong surface brightness peaks in the X-ray emission from the Intra Cluster Medium (ICM). This phenomenon is associated with complex physics in the ICM and has been a subject of intense debate and investigation in recent years. In order to quantify the evolution in the cool-core cluster population, we robustly measure the cool-core strength in a local, representative cluster sample, and in the largest sample of high-redshift clusters available to date. We use high-resolution Chandra data of three representative cluster samples spanning different redshift ranges: (i) the local sample from the 400 SD survey with median z = 0.08, (ii) the high redshift sample from the 400 SD Survey with median z=0.59, and (iii) 15 clusters drawn from the RDCS and the WARPS, with median z = 0.83. Our analysis is based on the measurement of the surface brightness concentration, c_SB, which allows us to characterize the cool-core strength in low signal-to-noise data. We also obtain gas density profiles to derive cluster central cooling times and entropy. In addition to the X-ray analysis, we search for radio counterparts associated with the cluster cores. We find a statistically significant difference in the c_SB distributions of the two high-z samples, pointing towards a lack of concentrated clusters in the 400 SD high-z sample. Taking this into account, we confirm a negative evolution in the fraction of cool-core clusters with redshift, in particular for very strong cool-cores. This result is validated by the central entropy and central cooling time, which show strong anti-correlations with c_SB. However, the amount of evolution is significantly smaller than previously claimed, leaving room for a large population of well formed cool-cores at z~1.
description: 14 pages, 15 figures, 5 tables, accepted for publication in A&A
Magnetically assisted intraperitoneal drug delivery for cancer chemotherapy
Creators: name: Shamsi, Milad
name: Sedaghatkish, Amir
name: Dejam, Morteza
name: Saghafian, Mohsen
name: Mohammadi, Mehdi
name: Sanati-Nezhad, Amir
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy has revived hopes during the past few years for the management of peritoneal disseminations of digestive and gynecological cancers. Nevertheless, a poor drug penetration is one key drawback of IP chemotherapy since peritoneal neoplasms are notoriously resistant to drug penetration. Recent preclinical studies have focused on targeting the aberrant tumor microenvironment to improve intratumoral drug transport. However, tumor stroma targeting therapies have limited therapeutic windows and show variable outcomes across different cohort of patients. Therefore, the development of new strategies for improving the efficacy of IP chemotherapy is a certain need. In this work, we propose a new magnetically assisted strategy to elevate drug penetration into peritoneal tumor nodules and improve IP chemotherapy. A computational model was developed to assess the feasibility and predictability of the proposed active drug delivery method. The key tumor pathophysiology, including a spatially heterogeneous construct of leaky vasculature, nonfunctional lymphatics, and dense extracellular matrix (ECM), was reconstructed in silico. The transport of intraperitoneally injected magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) inside tumors was simulated and compared with the transport of free cytotoxic agents. Our results on magnetically assisted delivery showed an order of magnitude increase in the final intratumoral concentration of drug-coated MNPs with respect to free cytotoxic agents. The intermediate MNPs with the radius range of 200–300 nm yield optimal magnetic drug targeting (MDT) performance in 5–10 mm tumors while the MDT performance remains essentially the same over a large particle radius range of 100–500 nm for a 1 mm radius small tumor. The success of MDT in larger tumors (5–10 mm in radius) was found to be markedly dependent on the choice of magnet strength and tumor-magnet distance while these two parameters were less of a concern in small tumors. We also validated in silico results against experimental results related to tumor interstitial hypertension, conventional IP chemoperfusion, and magnetically actuated movement of MNPs in excised tissue.
W49A: A starburst triggered by expanding shells
Creators: name: Peng, T. -C.
name: Wyrowski, F.
name: van der Tak, F. F. S.
name: Menten, K. M.
name: Walmsley, C. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: W49A is a giant molecular cloud which harbors some of the most luminous embedded clusters in the Galaxy. However, the explanation for this starburst-like phenomenon is still under debate. Methods. We investigated large-scale Spitzer mid-infrared images together with a Galatic Ring Survey 13CO J = 1-0 image, complemented with higher resolution (~ 11 arcsec) 13CO J = 2-1 and C18O J = 2-1 images over a ~ 15 x 13 pc^2 field obtained with the IRAM 30m telescope. Two expanding shells have been identified in the mid-infrared images, and confirmed in the position-velocity diagrams made from the 13CO J = 2-1 and C18O J = 2-1 data. The mass of the averaged expanding shell, which has an inner radius of ~ 3.3 pc and a thickness of ~ 0.41 pc, is about 1.9 x 10^4 M*. The total kinetic energy of the expanding shells is estimated to be ~ 10^49 erg which is probably provided by a few massive stars, whose radiation pressure and/or strong stellar winds drive the shells. The expanding shells are likely to have a common origin close to the two ultracompact Hii regions (source O and source N), and their expansion speed is estimated to be ~ 5 km/s, resulting in an age of ~ 3-7 x 10^5 years. In addition, on larger (~ 35 x 50 pc^2) scales, remnants of two gas ejections have been identified in the 13CO J = 1 - 0 data. Both ejections seem to have the same center as the expanding shells with a total energy of a few times 10^50 erg. The main driving mechanism for the gas ejections is unclear, but likely related to the mechanism which triggers the starburst in W49A.
Spin-dependent pbar-d cross sections at low and intermediate energies
Creators: name: Uzikov, Yu. N.
name: Haidenbauer, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Antiproton-deuteron (${\bar p}d$) scattering is calculated at beam energies below 300 MeV within the Glauber approach, utilizing the amplitudes of the Jülich $\bar N N$ models. A good agreement is obtained with available experimental data on upolarized differential and integrated $\bar p d$ cross sections. Predictions for polarized total ${\bar p}d$ cross sections are presented, obtained within the single scattering approximation including Coulomb-nuclear interference effects. It is found that the total longitudinal and transversal ${\bar p}d$ cross sections are comparable in absolute value to those for ${\bar p}p$ scattering. The kinetics of polarization buildup is considered.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, to appear in proceedings of the 19th international Spin Physics Symposium, September 27 - October 2, 2010, Juelich, Germany
Application of an assay Cascade methodology for a deep preclinical characterization of polymeric nanoparticles as a treatment for gliomas
Creators: name: Fornaguera, Cristina
name: Lázaro, Miguel Ángel
name: Brugada-Vilà, Pau
name: Porcar, Irene
name: Morera, Ingrid
name: Guerra-Rebollo, Marta
name: Garrido, Cristina
name: Rubio, Núria
name: Blanco, Jerónimo
name: Cascante, Anna
name: Borrós, Salvador
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most devastating primary brain tumor due to its infiltrating and diffuse growth characteristics, a situation compounded by the lack of effective treatments. Currently, many efforts are being devoted to find novel formulations to treat this disease, specifically in the nanomedicine field. However, due to the lack of comprehensive characterization that leads to insufficient data on reproducibility, only a reduced number of nanomedicines have reached clinical phases. In this context, the aim of the present study was to use a cascade of assays that evaluate from physical-chemical and structural properties to biological characteristics, both in vitro and in vivo, and also to check the performance of nanoparticles for glioma therapy. An amphiphilic block copolymer, composed of polyester and poly(ethylene glycol; PEG) blocks, has been synthesized. Using a mixture of this copolymer and a polymer containing an active targeting moiety to the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB; Seq12 peptide), biocompatible and biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles have been prepared and extensively characterized. In vitro studies demonstrated that nanoparticles are safe for normal cells but cytotoxic for cancer cells. In vivo studies in mice demonstrated the ability of the Seq12 peptide to cross the BBB. Finally, in vivo efficacy studies using a human tumor model in SCID mice resulted in a significant 50% life-span increase, as compared with non-treated animals. Altogether, this assay cascade provided extensive pre-clinical characterization of our polymeric nanoparticles, now ready for clinical evaluation.
Controlled release of celecoxib inhibits inflammation, bone cysts and osteophyte formation in a preclinical model of osteoarthritis
Creators: name: Tellegen, A. R.
name: Rudnik-Jansen, I.
name: Pouran, B.
name: de Visser, H. M.
name: Weinans, H. H.
name: Thomas, R. E.
name: Kik, M. J. L.
name: Grinwis, G. C. M.
name: Thies, J. C.
name: Woike, N.
name: Mihov, G.
name: Emans, P. J.
name: Meij, B. P.
name: Creemers, L. B.
name: Tryfonidou, M. A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Major hallmarks of osteoarthritis (OA) are cartilage degeneration, inflammation and osteophyte formation. COX-2 inhibitors counteract inflammation-related pain, but their prolonged oral use entails the risk for side effects. Local and prolonged administration in biocompatible and degradable drug delivery biomaterials could offer an efficient and safe treatment for the long-term management of OA symptoms. Therefore, we evaluated the disease-modifying effects and the optimal dose of polyesteramide microspheres delivering the COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib in a rat OA model. Four weeks after OA induction by anterior cruciate ligament transection and partial medial meniscectomy, 8-week-old female rats (n = 6/group) were injected intra-articular with celecoxib-loaded microspheres at three dosages (0.03, 0.23 or 0.39 mg). Unloaded microspheres served as control. During the 16-week follow-up, static weight bearing and plasma celecoxib concentrations were monitored. Post-mortem, micro-computed tomography and knee joint histology determined progression of synovitis, osteophyte formation, subchondral bone changes, and cartilage integrity. Systemic celecoxib levels were below the detection limit 6 days upon delivery. Systemic and local adverse effects were absent. Local delivery of celecoxib reduced the formation of osteophytes, subchondral sclerosis, bone cysts and calcified loose bodies, and reduced synovial inflammation, while cartilage histology was unaffected. Even though the effects on pain could not be evualated directly in the current model, our results suggest the application of celecoxib-loaded microspheres holds promise as novel, safe and effective treatment for inflammation and pain in OA.
Convergence of the enhancement of the effective mass under pressure and magnetic field in heavy-fermion compounds: CeRu2Si2, CeRh2Si2, and CeIn3
Creators: name: Flouquet, J.
name: Aoki, D.
name: Knafo, W.
name: Knebel, G.
name: Matsuda, T. D.
name: Raymond, S.
name: Proust, C.
name: Paulsen, C.
name: Haen, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Emphasis is given on the observation of a convergence to a critical value of the effective mass of a heavy fermion compound by tuning it through a quantum instability either by applying pressure or magnetic field from an antiferromagnetic (AF) to a paramagnetic (PM) ground state. Macroscopic and microscopic results are discussed and the main message is to rush to the discovery of an ideal material whose Fermi surface could be fully observed on both sides of each quantum phase transition.
description: 10 pages, 15 figures
The Exceptional (X_{\ell}) (q)-Racah Polynomials
Creators: name: Odake, Satoru
name: Sasaki, Ryu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The exceptional Racah and q-Racah polynomials are constructed. Together with the exceptional Laguerre, Jacobi, Wilson and Askey-Wilson polynomials discovered by the present authors in 2009, they exhaust the generic exceptional orthogonal polynomials of a single variable.
description: 25 pages
The Sphaleron Rate in SU(N) Gauge Theory
Creators: name: Moore, Guy D.
name: Tassler, Marcus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The sphaleron rate is defined as the diffusion constant for topological number NCS = int g^2 F Fdual/32 pi^2. It establishes the rate of equilibration of axial light quark number in QCD and is of interest both in electroweak baryogenesis and possibly in heavy ion collisions. We calculate the weak-coupling behavior of the SU(3) sphaleron rate, as well as making the most sensible extrapolation towards intermediate coupling which we can. We also study the behavior of the sphaleron rate at weak coupling at large Nc.
description: 18 pages with 3 figures
Novel in situ gelling vaginal sponges of sildenafil citrate-based cubosomes for uterine targeting
Creators: name: Aboud, Heba M.
name: Hassan, Amira H.
name: Ali, Adel A.
name: Abdel-Razik, Abdel-Razik H.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Sildenafil citrate (SIL), a type 5-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor, demonstrates valuable results in the management of infertility in women; however, the absence of vaginal dosage form in addition to the associated oral adverse effects minimize its clinical performance. The present study is concerned with SIL uterine targeting following intravaginal administration via optimization of cubosomal in situ gelling sponges (CIS). An emulsification method was employed for preparation of cubosomal dispersions incorporating glyceryl monooleate as a lipid phase and poloxamer 407 as a surfactant with or without polyvinyl alcohol as a stabilizer. Cubosomes were estimated regarding entrapment efficiency (EE%), particle size, and in vitro drug release. Chitosan (2% w/w) was incorporated into the optimum formulation and then lyophilized into small sponges. For the CIS, in vivo histopathological and pharmacokinetic studies were conducted on female Wistar rats and compared with intravaginal free SIL sponges (FIS) and oral SIL solution. SIL-loaded cubosomes showed EE% ranging between 32.15 and 72.01%, particle size in the range of 150.81–446.02 nm and sustained drug release over 8 h. Histopathological study revealed a significant enlargement in endometrial thickness with congestion and dilatation of endometrial blood vessels in intravaginal CIS compared to intravaginal FIS and oral-treated groups. The pharmacokinetic study demonstrated higher AUC0–∞ and Cmax with oral administration compared to intravaginal CIS or intravaginal FIS indicating potential involvement of first uterine pass effect after intravaginal administration. Finally, intravaginal CIS could be considered as a promising platform for SIL uterine targeting with minimized systemic exposure and side effects.
Phenotyping chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations
Creators: name: Alotaibi, Nawaf
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: Rationale: Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD) are caused by a variety of different etiologic agents. Our aim was to phenotype COPD exacerbations using imaging(chest x-ray[CXR] and computed tomography[CT]), blood tests(C-reactive protein [CRP] and the N-terminal of the prohormone brain natriuretic peptide [NT-proBNP]), and a molecular pathogen detection method. Methods: Subjects who were hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of AECOPD were enrolled in the Rapid Transition Program(RTP). We examined a subset of subjects who had had CXRs, CT scans, and blood collected for CRP and NT-proBNP. A radiologist blinded to the clinical and laboratory characteristics of the subjects interpreted the CXRs and CT images. Logistic regression models were used to assess the performance of these biomarkers in predicting the radiological parameters. Sputum samples in a subset of subjects were tested by a molecular pathogen detection method to phenotype AECOPD into non-infectious, bacterial, and virally-associated phenotypes. Differences between the phenotypes in terms of clinical features, CRP and NT-proBNP concentrations, complete blood counts, and 1-year mortality rate were examined. Results: NT-proBNP was associated with cardiac enlargement, pulmonary edema, and pleural effusion on CXR, whereas on CT images, NT-proBNP was associated with pleural effusion. CRP, on the other hand, was associated with consolidation, ground glass opacities, and pleural effusion on CT images. A CRP sensitivity-oriented cut-point of 11.5 mg/L was reached by setting a minimum sensitivity of 90% and applying the Youden index, for the presence of consolidation on CT images in subjects admitted as cases of AECOPD, which had a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 53% (P<0.001). Subjects who had a negative result on the molecular pathogen detection array had higher NT-proBNP, lower hemoglobin, and higher RDW compared to the subjects who had a positive result. Conclusions: In summary, this thesis demonstrated that elevated CRP may indicate pneumonia, while elevated NT-proBNP may indicate cardiac dysfunction, and having a negative result on the respiratory pathogen array may indicate a non-infectious causation of AECOPD. These readily available tests may provide more accurate phenotyping of AECOPD, and may lead to better treatment strategies and resource utilization in subjects admitted with AECOPD.
Condition for convective instability of dark solitons
Creators: name: Kamchatnov, A. M.
name: Korneev, S. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Simple derivation of the condition for the transition point from absolute instability of plane dark solitons to their convective instability is suggested. It is shown that unstable wave packet expands with velocity equal to the minimal group velocity of the disturbance waves propagating along a dark soliton. The growth rate of the length of dark solitons generated by the flow of Bose-Einstein condensate past an obstacle is estimated. Analytical theory is confirmed by the results of numerical simulations.
Sodium stibogluconate loaded nano-deformable liposomes for topical treatment of leishmaniasis: macrophage as a target cell
Creators: name: Dar, M. Junaid
name: Din, Fakhar Ud
name: Khan, Gul Majid
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Topical drug delivery against cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) signifies an effective alternate for improving the availability and reducing the toxicity associated with the parenteral administration of conventional sodium stibogluconate (SSG) injection. The basic aim of the study was to develop nano-deformable liposomes (NDLs) for the dermal delivery of SSG against CL. NDLs were formulated by a modified thin film hydration method and optimized via Box–Behnken statistical design. The physicochemical properties of SSG-NDLs were established in terms of vesicle size (195.1 nm), polydispersity index (0.158), zeta potential (−32.8 mV), and entrapment efficiency (35.26%). Moreover, deformability index, in vitro release, and macrophage uptake studies were also accomplished. SSG-NDLs were entrapped within Carbopol gel network for the ease of skin application. The ex vivo skin permeation study revealed that SSG-NDLs gel provided 10-fold higher skin retention towards the deeper skin layers, attained without use of classical permeation enhancers. Moreover, in vivo skin irritation and histopathological studies verified safety of the topically applied formulation. Interestingly, the cytotoxic potential of SSG-NDLs (1.3 mg/ml) was higher than plain SSG (1.65 mg/ml). The anti-leishmanial activity on intramacrophage amastigote model of Leishmania tropica showed that IC50 value of the SSG-NDLs was ∼ fourfold lower than the plain drug solution with marked increase in the selectivity index. The in vivo results displayed higher anti-leishmanial activity by efficiently healing lesion and successfully reducing parasite burden. Concisely, the outcomes indicated that the targeted delivery of SSG could be accomplished by using topically applied NDLs for the effective treatment of CL.
The Extreme Sky - Seven Years of INTEGRAL
Creators: name: Diehl, Roland
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Seven years of successful observations of the sky have been completed within the INTEGRAL mission, in the transition regime between X-rays and gamma-rays from ~10-8000 keV. Initially-agreed mission goals have been pursued, and both high-resolution images of point sources and high-resolution spectra of nuclear lines have been obtained. New discoveries have been made, such as X-ray emission from embedded binaries, hard emission tails from AXPs and 60Fe radioactivity lines; these stimulated both theoretical and observational studies, and now make INTEGRAL a valuable asset for the astronomical survey of high-energy sources across the sky. This contribution summarizes the situation after seven years of the mission, and concludes the 7-year anniversary workshop "The extreme sky" held in Otranto, Italy, in Oct 2009.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures; Concluding remarks of the INTEGRAL workshop "The Exterme Sky" held in Otranto, Puglia, in Oct 2009
Phasetype distributions, autoregressive processes and overshoot
Creators: name: Christensen, Sören
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Other Statistics (stat.OT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 60G40, 62L15, 60G99

description: Autoregressive processes are intensively studied in statistics and other fields of applied stochastics. For many applications the overshoot and the threshold-time are of special interest. When the upward innovations are in the class of phasetype distributions we determine the joint distribution of this two quantities and apply this result to problems of optimal stopping. Using a principle of continuous fit this leads to explicit solutions.