cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Factors that control the stable carbon isotopic composition of methane produced in an anoxic marine sediment
Creators: name: Martens, C. S.
name: Albert, D. B.
name: Alperin, M. J.
name: Hoehler, T. M.
name: Blair, N. E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1992

description: The carbon isotopic composition of methane produced in anoxic marine sediment is controlled by four factors: (1) the pathway of methane formation, (2) the isotopic composition of the methanogenic precursors, (3) the isotope fractionation factors for methane production, and (4) the isotope fractionation associated with methane oxidation. The importance of each factor was evaluated by monitoring stable carbon isotope ratios in methane produced by a sediment microcosm. Methane did not accumulate during the initial 42-day period when sediment contained sulfate, indicating little methane production from "noncompetitive" substrates. Following sulfate depletion, methane accumulation proceeded in three distinct phases. First, CO2 reduction was the dominant methanogenic pathway and the isotopic composition of the methane produced ranged from -80 to -94 0/00. The acetate concentration increased during this phase, suggesting that acetoclastic methanogenic bacteria were unable to keep pace with acetate production. Second, acetate fermentation became the dominant methanogenic pathway as bacteria responded to elevated acetate concentrations. The methane produced during this phase was progressively enriched in 13C, reaching a maximum δ13C value of -42 0/00. Third, the acetate pool experienced a precipitous decline from >5 mM to <20 μM and methane production was again dominated by CO2 reduction. The δ 13C of methane produced during this final phase ranged from -46 to -58 0/00. Methane oxidation concurrent with methane production was detected throughout the period of methane accumulation, at rates equivalent to 1 to 8% of the gross methane production rate. Thus methane oxidation was too slow to have significantly modified the isotopic signature of methane. A comparison of microcosm and field data suggests that similar microbial interactions may control seasonal variability in the isotopic composition of methane emitted from undisturbed Cape Lookout Bight sediment.
Supplement 1 from The impact of cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on learning fine-motor sequences.
Creators: name: Shimizu, Renee E.
name: Wu, Allan D.
name: Samra, Jasmine K.
name: Knowlton, Barbara J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: 170299 Cognitive Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Additional analyses on RT data
Artificial Intelligence in Biometrics and Security
Creators: name: IJIRT Journal
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Artificial intelligence is a way of making intelligent machines which can behave like a human so it can able to make decisions. AI is making our lifestyle easier and fast. It is becoming essential for today's time because it can solve complex problems with an efficient way in multiple industries, like healthcare, entertainment, finance, education, etc. Artificial Intelligence has various applications in today's society. Some of the applications of AI include Expert systems, Natural Language Processing, Vision systems, Speech Recognition, Intelligent Robots, Authentication by Biometric verification. AI system can be used in conjunction with the traditional forms of biometrics. Biometrics identifies and authenticates individuals based on their physical or behavioural characteristics. Biometric recognition offers well a promising approach for security applications. The emerging biometrics based identification and authentication technology is applicable in Banking security, ATM security, Ecommerce etc. In this paper different types of biometric authentication methods that used as personal identifying factors are discussed
A MULTI-METHOD EVALUATION OF GROUNDWATER TRENDS IN THE COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN
Creators: name: Asante-Sasu, Collins Kissi
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2024
Subjects: Aquifer
hydrogeological analysis
GIS techniques
Groundwater
Remote Sensing

description: The Columbia Plateau Regional Aquifer System (CPRAS) is a heavily irrigated agricultural region. In some parts of the region, groundwater is the only source of water for domestic and municipal water supply as well as irrigation. In other areas, groundwater serves as a supplementary source to surface water, especially during droughts. Declining groundwater trends have been reported in the CPRAS, mainly due to long-term pumping for irrigation purposes. Little attention has been given to how the trends vary between the shallower, mostly unconfined, and deeper, mostly confined, portions of the aquifer. This dissertation employs a multidisciplinary approach, integrating hydrogeological analysis, remote sensing, GIS techniques, and statistical methods to examine regional groundwater status, trends, and vulnerabilities in localized subareas in Eastern Washington, historically and during drought periods specifically. Statistical analyses are conducted to quantify trends in groundwater levels and vulnerabilities. The remote sensing approach employs the GRACE satellites to study groundwater storage changes.
description: The findings reveal significant trends in groundwater declines in all aquifer layers of the CPRAS. Localized subareas such as the Odessa subarea, which has groundwater as the main source of water supply for all uses, experience very high significant groundwater declines in the Grande Ronde layer. The degree of groundwater vulnerabilities due to over abstraction varies both vertically and spatially. While a lot of the subareas experience high vulnerabilities, some experience positive trends indicating no vulnerabilities based on groundwater level change. The dissertation also found that the GRACE satellites are not able to capture groundwater dynamics in the confined aquifers of the CPRAS. Groundwater used as a drought mitigation tool shows that the variances of groundwater level differences between post-drought years and non-drought years are significantly different based on a 95% confidence interval, but the true means are not statistically different. The percentage declines in water level between post-drought years and non-drought years also vary based on the years when droughts were declared, and the aquifer layers the wells are screened in.
description: This dissertation contributes to our understanding of groundwater trends and vulnerability due to over abstraction and provides valuable insights for addressing the challenges facing groundwater resources in the context of growing human demands and environmental change.
SHEA Guideline for Management of Healthcare Workers Who Are Infected with Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, and/or Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Creators: name: Grady, Christine
name: Sepkowitz, Kent
name: Henderson, David
name: Weber, David
name: Fishman, Neil
name: Lundstrom, Tammy
name: Palmore, Tara
name: Dembry, Louise
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: This guideline provides the updated recommendations of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) regarding the management of healthcare providers who are infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and/or the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). For the reasons cited in the guideline, SHEA continues to recommend that, although some aspects of the approach to and administrative management of each of these infectious syndromes in healthcare providers are similar, separate management strategies for healthcare workers who are infected with these unrelated viruses remain appropriate. As we did in both prior iterations of this document, SHEA emphasizes the use of appropriate infection control procedures to minimize exposure of patients or providers to blood, emphasizes that transfers of blood from patients to providers and from providers to patients should be avoided, and recommends that infected healthcare providers should not be totally prohibited from participating in patient-care activities solely on the basis of a bloodborne pathogen infection. The types of procedures assessed by the panel as associated with an increased risk for provider-to-patient transmission of these pathogens are discussed in detail. For each pathogen, recommendations are graduated according to the relative viral load level of the infected provider (Tables 1 and 2). However, SHEA emphasizes that, because of the complexity of these cases, each such case will be slightly different from the next, and each should be independently considered in context.
Enhancing the Reactivity of an Aromatic cyclo‐P5 Ligand via Electrophilic Activation
Creators: name: Riesinger, Christoph
name: Blank, Philip
name: Scholtes, Christian
name: Gschwind, Ruth M.
name: Scheer, Manfred
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: aromaticity • carbene • cyclo-P5 • electrophilic activation • phosphorus
subject: 540 Chemie

description: Electrophilic activation of the aromatic cyclo-P5 ligand in [Cp*Fe(h5-P5)] is demonstrated to drastically enhance its reactivity towards weak nucleophiles. Unprecedented functionalized, contracted as well as complexly aggregated polyphosphorus compounds are accessed utilizing [Cp*Fe(h5-P5Me)][OTf] (A), highlighting the great potential of this underexplored mode of reactivity. Addition of carbenes to A affords novel 1,2- or 1,1-difunctionalized cyclo-P5 complexes [Cp*Fe(h4-P5(1-L)(2-Me)][OTf] (L = IDipp (1), EtCAAC (2), IiPr (3b)) and [Cp*Fe(h4-P5(1-IiPr)(1-Me)][OTf] (3a). For the first time, the much smaller IMe4 leads to the contraction of the cyclo-P5 ligand and formation of [Cp*Fe(h4-P4(1-IMe)(4-Me)] (4). DFT calculations shed light on the delicate mechanism of this type of reaction, which is reinforced by the experimental identification of key intermediates. Even the comparably weak nucleophile IDippCH2 reacts with A to form [Cp*Fe(h4-P5(1-IDippCH2)(1/2-Me)][OTf] (6a/b), highlighting its explicitly more reactive nature. Moreover, exposure of A to IDippEH (E = N, P) leads to a unique aggregation reaction affording [{Cp*Fe}2{m2,h4:3:1‑P10Me2(IDippN)}][OTf] (8) and [{Cp*Fe}2{m2,h4:1:1:1‑P11Me2(IDipp)}][OTf] (9), respectively.
Supplementary Material from Paradigm shifts and the interplay between state, business and civil sectors.
Creators: name: Encarnação, Sara
name: Santos, Fernando P.
name: Santos, Francisco C.
name: Blass, Vered
name: Pacheco, Jorge M.
name: Juval Portugali
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Environmental Science
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 80201 Analysis of Algorithms and Complexity
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Paradigm shifts and the interplay between state, business and civil sectors - Supplementary Material. In the Supplementary Material, we show how the core model proposed in the main text can be extended to treat explicitly the problem of how to shift from a coal based society into a greener (and thus, more sustainable) society.
A Simple Model for Simulating Tornado Damage in Forests
Creators: name: Holland, Andrew
name: Riordan, Allen
name: Franklin, E. C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: An analytical model is presented to describe patterns of downed trees produced by tornadic winds. The model uses a combined Rankine voitex of specified tangential and radial components to describe a simple tornado circulation. A total wind field is then computed by adding the forward motion of the vortex. The lateral and vertical forces on modeled tree stands are then computed and are compared with physical characteristics of Scots and loblolly pine. From this model, patterns of windfall are computed and are compared to reveal three basic damage patterns: cross-track symmetric, along-track asymmetric, and criss-cross asymmetric. These patterns are shown to depend on forward speed, radial speed, and tree resistance. It is anticipated that this model will prove to be useful in assessing storm characteristics from damage patterns observed in forested areas.
(102193) Mary Elizabeth [Richards]
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
The Lawyer and the Lightning Rod
Creators: name: Riskin, Jessica
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robespierre, Maximilien, 1758-1794
subject: legal history
subject: French Revolution
subject: Science and law
subject: eighteenth century France

description: In the summer of 1783, a trial took place in the French city of Arras. One M. de Vissery, a resident of the nearby village of St. Omer, was appealing a decision by his local aldermen, who required him to remove a lightning rod he had put on his neighbor's chimney. His young defense lawyer was Maximilien Robespierre, who made a name for himself by winning the case. In preparation, Robespierre and his senior
colleague corresponded with natural philosophers and jurisconsultants. Robespierre then persuasively resolved the crucial problem, namely, the proper relations of scientific to legal authority. He exploited the empiricist dogma common to contemporary physics and jurisprudence to argue that judges need not defer to scientific experts, but must only consider the facts, which required no expertise. It was a first approximation of an argument Robespierre would make with mounting authority over the next decade.
Supplement 1 from The impact of cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on learning fine-motor sequences
Creators: name: Shimizu, Renee E.
name: Wu, Allan D.
name: Samra, Jasmine K.
name: Knowlton, Barbara J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: 170299 Cognitive Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Additional analyses on RT data
Private-Label Use and Store Loyalty
Creators: name: Pauwels, Koen
name: Ailawadi, Kusum
name: Steenkamp, Jan-Benedict
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: The authors develop an econometric model of the relationship between a household's private-label (PL) share and its behavioral store loyalty. The model includes major drivers of these two behaviors and controls for simultaneity and nonlinearity in the relationship between them. The model is estimated with a unique data set that combines complete purchase records of a panel of Dutch households with demographic and psychographic data. The authors estimate the model for two retail chains in the Netherlands—the leading service chain with a well-differentiated high-share PL and the leading value chain with a lower-share PL. They find that PL share significantly affects all three measures of behavioral loyalty in the study: share of wallet, share of items purchased, and share of shopping trips. In addition, behavioral loyalty has a significant effect on PL share. For the service chain, the authors find that both effects are in the form of an inverted U. For the value chain, the effects are positive and nonlinear, but they do not exhibit nonmonotonicity, because PL share has not yet reached high enough levels. The managerial implications of this research are important. Retailers can reap the benefits of a virtuous cycle; greater PL share increases share of wallet, and greater share of wallet increases PL share. However, this virtuous cycle operates only to a point because heavy PL buyers tend to be loyal to price savings and PLs in general, not to the PL of any particular chain.
Metadata and research: abstracts, keywords and research visibility
Creators: name: Dr Lucia Sardo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Open Science
Metadata
Keywords
Research visibility

description: This presentation is from the CIVICA Research Open Science for the Social Sciences workshop on Metadata and research: abstracts, keywords and research visibility. What data can be best used to identify a piece of research? What data are most effective for its dissemination and retrieval during a web search? Starting with a brief examination of user search strategies by using some practical examples, the workshop focused on the researcher's use of keywords and abstracts to effectively describe the content of his or her research in order to broaden and improve its dissemination and retrieval by potential users. Presentation and introduction of the topics that were covered: Brief analysis of research tools (catalogues, discovery tools, databases, etc.); Presentation of user research methods in cataloguing theory; Analysis of a case study; and, Suggestions for an effective strategy for dissemination of research results.
(102194) Daisy Eveline [Cuff]
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Quasiconformal non-parametrizability of almost smooth spheres
Creators: name: Pankka, Pekka
name: Vellis, Vyron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 30L10, 30C65

description: We show that, for each $n\ge 3$, there exists a smooth Riemannian metric $g$ on a punctured sphere $\mathbb{S}^n\setminus \{x_0\}$ for which the associated length metric extends to a length metric $d$ of $\mathbb{S}^n$ with the following properties: the metric sphere $(\mathbb{S}^n,d)$ is Ahlfors $n$-regular and linearly locally contractible but there is no quasiconformal homeomorphism between $(\mathbb{S}^n,d)$ and the standard Euclidean sphere $\mathbb{S}^n$.
description: 28 pages, 3 figures
Full-tensor alignment criteria for sheared nematic polymers
Creators: name: Zhou, Ruhai
name: Forest, M. Gregory
name: Wang, Qi
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2003

description: The shear problem for nematic polymers consists in characterizing all stable stationary orientational distributions, steady and unsteady, versus shear rate and material parameters. Continuum theory [cf. Leslie (1968), Ericksen (1960)] provides formulas for the shear response of liquid crystals in terms of a single viscosity ratio, the Leslie tumbling parameter lambda(L). Kuzuu and Doi (1983, 1984) developed a weak-flow asymptotic analysis of kinetic theory, which gives a molecular basis for all continuum theory parameters. In this paper, we develop a mesoscopic extension of the Kuzuu-Doi method, applicable to any tensor model. Our method yields orientational and rheological features of nematic polymers in weak shear with explicit formulas, parametrized by the parameters of the second-moment tensor model. This provides an explicit mesoscopic theory solution to the problem posed by Marrucci and Greco (1993) of how orientational degeneracy of quiescent nematic equilibria breaks in weak shear, leaving a finite set of steady stationary states, whose number, type (in-plane, out-of-plane), stability, phase transitions, and rheological properties scale with parameters of the model. An intriguing feature to resolve is the multiple transitions associated with distinct steady distributions (logrolling, in-plane flow alignment, out-of-plane alignment), each with its analog of the Leslie criterion \lambda(L)\ = 1. We illustrate our method and its physical predictions by solving the weak shear problem for the Doi quadratic closure model, whose material parameters are nematic concentration and molecular aspect ratio. The predictions are confirmed with numerical simulations of the model, and compared with experimental data in weak shear from the review article of Burghardt (1998). We further predict scaling properties due to changes in concentration and aspect ratio that are less readily available from experiments. (C) 2003 The Society of Rheology.
Un progetto sociale ed economico. In risposta a 11 domande su Olivetti
Creators: name: Pacifico, Michele
Publisher: name: La Rivista di Engramma
Year: 2019
Subjects: Olivetti
Utopia
Politic
Trade unions
Global digitalization

description: Responding to two of the proposed questions, Michele Pacifico points out first and foremost that, in Olivetti’s case, it is not the notion of utopia that is at issue, but rather a project to structure the economic and social system that was hampered by politics, both right- and left-wing, by trade unions and their will to maintain the polarization between market and class struggle. Pacifico explains that Olivetti played a marginal role in the process of global digitalization because, despite the precociousness of his first machines, they never became mass products. In the telecommunications and cellular telephony sectors, managerial mistakes caused the equally advanced Omnitel project, ahead of its time, to fail.
Machine learning based data mining for Milky Way filamentary structures reconstruction
Creators: name: Riccio, Giuseppe
name: Cavuoti, Stefano
name: Schisano, Eugenio
name: Brescia, Massimo
name: Mercurio, Amata
name: Elia, Davide
name: Benedettini, Milena
name: Pezzuto, Stefano
name: Molinari, Sergio
name: Di Giorgio, Anna Maria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present an innovative method called FilExSeC (Filaments Extraction, Selection and Classification), a data mining tool developed to investigate the possibility to refine and optimize the shape reconstruction of filamentary structures detected with a consolidated method based on the flux derivative analysis, through the column-density maps computed from Herschel infrared Galactic Plane Survey (Hi-GAL) observations of the Galactic plane. The present methodology is based on a feature extraction module followed by a machine learning model (Random Forest) dedicated to select features and to classify the pixels of the input images. From tests on both simulations and real observations the method appears reliable and robust with respect to the variability of shape and distribution of filaments. In the cases of highly defined filament structures, the presented method is able to bridge the gaps among the detected fragments, thus improving their shape reconstruction. From a preliminary "a posteriori" analysis of derived filament physical parameters, the method appears potentially able to add a sufficient contribution to complete and refine the filament reconstruction.
description: Proceeding of WIRN 2015 Conference, May 20-22, Vietri sul Mare, Salerno, Italy. Published in Smart Innovation, Systems and Technology, Springer, ISSN 2190-3018, 9 pages, 4 figures
(102195) Francis Victor Edwards
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Jet Motion, Internal Working Surfaces, and Nested Shells in the Protostellar System HH 212
Creators: name: Lee, Chin-Fei
name: Hirano, Naomi
name: Zhang, Qizhou
name: Shang, Hsien
name: Ho, Paul T. P.
name: Mizuno, Yosuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: HH 212 is a nearby (400 pc) highly collimated protostellar jet powered by a Class 0 source in Orion. We have mapped the inner 80" (~ 0.16 pc) of the jet in SiO (J=8-7) and CO (J=3-2) simultaneously at ~ 0.5 resolution with the Atacama Millimeter/Submillimeter Array at unprecedented sensitivity. The jet consists of a chain of knots, bow shocks, and sinuous structures in between. As compared to that seen in our previous observations with the Submillimeter Array, it appears to be more continuous, especially in the northern part. Some of the knots are now seen associated with small bow shocks, with their bow wings curving back to the jet axis, as seen in pulsed jet simulations. Two of them are reasonably resolved, showing kinematics consistent with sideways ejection, possibly tracing the internal working surfaces formed by a temporal variation in the jet velocity. In addition, nested shells are seen in CO around the jet axis connecting to the knots and bow shocks, driven by them. The proper motion of the jet is estimated to be ~ 115+-50 km/s, comparing to our previous observations. The jet has a small semi-periodical wiggle, with a period of ~ 93 yrs. The amplitude of the wiggle first increases with the distance from the central source and then stays roughly constant. One possible origin of the wiggle could be the kink instability in a magnetized jet.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures
Poor Richard's Leyden Jar: Electricity and Economy in Franklinist France
Creators: name: Riskin, Jessica
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Franklin, Benjamin, 1706-1790
subject: eighteenth-century France
subject: Enlightenment
subject: history of physics
subject: Lightning rods

description: This essay examines continuities between Franklin’s electrical science and his moralist arguments in order to propose that Franklinist natural philosophy was teleological, calling upon hypothetical purposes in nature, and that this teleology can explain its extraordinary popularity in France.
Residue formula for Morita-Futaki-Bott invariant on orbifolds
Creators: name: Corrêa, Maurício
name: Rodriguez, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this work we prove a residue formula for Morita-Futaki-Bott invariant with respect any holomorphic vector fields with isolated (possibly degenerated) singularities in terms of Grothendieck's residues.
description: To appear in Comptes Rendus Mathematique
(102166) Caroline Gertrude Simpson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Dilepton constraints in the Inert Doublet Model from Run 1 of the LHC
Creators: name: Belanger, G.
name: Dumont, B.
name: Goudelis, A.
name: Herrmann, B.
name: Kraml, S.
name: Sengupta, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Searches in final states with two leptons plus missing transverse energy, targeting supersymmetric particles or invisible decays of the Higgs boson, were performed during Run 1 of the LHC. Recasting the results of these analyses in the context of the Inert Doublet Model (IDM) using MadAnalysis 5, we show that they provide constraints on inert scalars that significantly extend previous limits from LEP. Moreover, these LHC constraints allow to test the IDM in the limit of very small Higgs-inert scalar coupling, where the constraints from direct detection of dark matter and the invisible Higgs width vanish.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures; results provided in numerical form as ancillary file
(102178) Margaret Price
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Structure scaling properties of confined nematic polymers in plane Couette cells: The weak flow limit
Creators: name: Zhou, Hong
name: Forest, M. Gregory
name: Wang, Qi
name: Zhou, Ruhai
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: One of the confounding issues in laminar flow processing of nematic polymers is the generation of molecular orientational structures on length scales that remain poorly characterized with respect to molecular and processing control parameters. For plane Couette flow within the Leslie–Ericksen continuum model, theoretical results since the 1970s yield two fundamental predictions about the length scales of nematic distortion: a power law scaling behavior, Er −p , 1 4 ⩽p⩽1, where Er is the Ericksen number (ratio of viscous to elastic stresses); the exponent p varies according to whether the structure is a localized boundary layer or an extended structure. Until now, comparable results which incorporate molecular elasticity (i.e., distortions in the shape of the orientational distribution) have not been derived from mesoscopic Doi–Marrucci–Greco (DMG) tensor models. In this paper, we derive asymptotic, one-dimensional gap structures, along the flow-gradient direction, in “slow” Couette cells, which reflect self-consistent coupling between the primary flow, in-plane director (nematic) and order parameter (molecular) elasticity, and confinement conditions (plate speeds, gap height, and director anchoring angle). We then read off the small Deborah number, viscoelastic structure predictions: The flow is simple shear. The orientation structures consist of: two molecular-elasticity boundary layers with the Marrucci scaling Er −1/2 , which are amplified by tilted plate anchoring; and a nonuniform, director-dominated structure that spans the entire gap, with Er −1 average length scale, present for any anchoring angle. We close with direct numerical simulations of the DMG steady, flow-nematic boundary-value problem, first to benchmark the small Deborah number structure formulas, and then to document onset of new flow-orientation structures as the asymptotic expansions become disordered.
Dataset from Increased food availability raises eviction rate in a cooperative breeding mammal.
Creators: name: C. Dubuc
name: S. English
name: N. Thavarajah
name: B. Dantzer
name: S. P. Sharp
name: H. C. Spence-Jones
name: D. Gaynor
name: T. H. Clutton-Brock
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: In group-living mammals, the eviction of subordinate females from breeding groups by dominants may serve to reduce feeding competition or to reduce breeding competition. Here, we combined both correlational and experimental approaches to investigate whether increases in food intake by dominant females reduces their tendency to evict subordinate females in wild meerkats (Suricata suricatta). We used 20 years of long-term data to examine the association between foraging success and eviction rate, and provisioned dominants females during the second half of their pregnancy, when they most commonly evict subordinates. We show that rather than reducing the tendency for dominants to evict subordinates, foraging success of dominant females is positively associated with the probability that pregnant dominant females will evict subordinate females and that experimental feeding increased their rates of eviction. Our results suggest that it is unlikely that the eviction of subordinate females serves to reduce feeding competition and that its principal function may be to reduce reproductive competition. The increase in eviction rates following experimental feeding also suggests that rather than feeding competition, energetic constraints may normally constrain eviction rates.
How Do Certain Factors Impact People's Actions Toward Climate Change?
Creators: name: Ping, Annie
name: Eusden, Spencer
Publisher: name: QUBES Educational Resources
Year: 2023

description: A survey was conducted to research how age and knowledge about climate change can impact people’s actions regarding it. People have a large impact on the environment so knowing how different groups of people react to climate change would help with knowing how to effectively conduct outreach about climate change with certain groups of people. The hypothesis was that as age increased, more action would be taken to combat climate change. It was also hypothesized that as background knowledge about climate change increased, the amount of action taken would also increase. Three hundred and thirty-three people filled out the survey. Results supported the hypotheses, showing that as age increased action also increased and as background knowledge increased more action was taken.
Table S4. Alkalinity and oxygen saturation in respiration chambers from Common reef-building coral in the Northern Red Sea resistant to elevated temperature and acidification.
Creators: name: Krueger, Thomas
name: Horwitz, Noa
name: Bodin, Julia
name: Maria-Evangelia Giovani
name: Escrig, Stéphane
name: Meibom, Anders
name: Fine, Maoz
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Science
subject: Ecology

description: Coral reefs are currently experiencing substantial ecological impoverishment as a result of anthropogenic stressors and the majority of reefs are facing immediate risk. Increasing ocean surface temperatures induce frequent coral mass bleaching events—the breakdown of the nutritional photo-symbiosis with intracellular algae (genus: Symbiodinium). Here, we report that Stylophora pistillata from a highly diverse reef in the Gulf of Aqaba showed no signs of bleaching despite spending 1.5 months at 1–2°C above their long-term summer maximum (amounting to 11 degree heating weeks) and a seawater pH of 7.8. Instead, their symbiotic dinoflagellates exhibited improved photochemistry, higher pigmentation and a doubling in net oxygen production, leading to a 51% increase in primary productivity. Nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging revealed subtle cellular-level shifts in carbon and nitrogen metabolism under elevated temperatures, but overall host and symbiont biomass proxies were not significantly affected. Now living well below their thermal threshold in the Gulf of Aqaba, these corals have been evolutionary selected for heat tolerance during their migration through the warm Southern Red Sea after the last ice age. This may allow them to withstand future warming for a longer period of time, provided that successful environmental conservation measures are enacted across national boundaries in the region.
Rival Idioms for a Revolutionized Science and a Republican Citizenry
Creators: name: Riskin, Jessica
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: French Revolution
History of chemistry
18th-century France
Enlightenment
Antoine Lavoisier

description: This essay examines a conflict about language that penetrated to the core of French Enlightenment science and revolutionary politics. The conflict involved two conceptions of language that the essay proposes to characterize as "cultural" and "social." This rivalry of idioms was at the center of two of the major disputes of the period: the controversy surrounding Lavoisier's and his collaborators' new chemical nomenclature of 1787 and the concurrent debate over a revolutionary system of civic education. The first of these disputes is scientific and the second political, so historians have tended to treat them separately. But they centrally involved some of the same people and many of the same arguments. Moreover, their major protagonists agreed that the projects of natural and moral science, philosophy and governing, were united by an underlying action of language in the shaping of ideas. At the same time, they disagreed, sometimes violently, about the nature of this action. The competition between cultural and social conceptions of language, moving between the controversies over the function of language in chemistry and in public instruction, dramatizes an often-overlooked interaction between science and politics, not through established fact or proven principle, but through shared disagreements.
Media summary from Paradigm shifts and the interplay between state, business and civil sectors
Creators: name: Encarnação, Sara
name: Santos, Fernando P.
name: Santos, Francisco C.
name: Blass, Vered
name: Pacheco, Jorge M.
name: Juval Portugali
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Environmental Science
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 80201 Analysis of Algorithms and Complexity
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The recent rise of the civil sector as a main player of socio-political actions, next to public and private sectors, has largely increased the complexity underlying the interplay between different sectors of our society. From urban planning to global governance, analysis of these complex interactions requires new mathematical and computational approaches. Here, we develop a novel framework, grounded on evolutionary game theory, to envisage situations in which each of these sectors is confronted with the dilemma of deciding between maintaining a status quo scenario or shifting towards a new paradigm. We consider multisector conflicts regarding environmentally friendly policies as an example of application, but the framework developed here has a considerably broader scope. We show that the public sector is crucial in initiating the shift, and determine explicitly under which conditions the civil sector—reflecting the emergent reality of civil society organizations playing an active role in modern societies—may influence the decision-making processes accruing to other sectors, while fostering new routes towards a paradigm shift of the society as a whole. Our results are shown to be robust to a wide variety of assumptions and model parametrizations.
The Two-user Causal Cognitive Interference Channel: Novel Outer Bounds and Constant Gap Result for the Symmetric Gaussian Noise Channel in Weak Interference
Creators: name: Cardone, Martina
name: Tuninetti, Daniela
name: Knopp, Raymond
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper studies the two-user Causal Cognitive Interference Channel (CCIC), where two transmitters aim to communicate independent messages to two different receivers via a common channel. One source, referred to as the cognitive, is capable of overhearing the other source, referred to as the primary, through a noisy in-band link and thus can assist in sending the primary's data. Two novel outer bounds of the type $2R_p+R_c$ and $R_p+2R_c$ are derived for the class of injective semi-deterministic CCICs where the noises at the different source-destination pairs are independent. An achievable rate region is derived based on Gelfand-Pinsker binning, superposition coding and simultaneous decoding at the receivers. The lower and outer bounds are then specialized to the practically relevant Gaussian noise case. The authors of this paper recently characterized to within a constant gap the capacity of the symmetric Gaussian CCIC in (a) the strong interference regime, and (b) for a subset of the weak interference regime when the cooperation link is larger than a given threshold. This work characterizes to within a constant gap the capacity for the symmetric Gaussian CCIC in the regime that was still open. In particular, it is shown that the novel outer bounds are necessary to characterize the capacity to within a constant gap when the cooperation link is weaker than the direct links, that is, in this regime unilateral cooperation leaves some system resources underutilized.
description: Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
title:  Il ‘peccato politico’ di Vittorio Emanuele Orlando
Creators: name: Quaglioni, Diego
Publisher: name: Roma TrE-Press
Year: 2015

description: Vittorio Emanuele Orlando (1860-1952) fu protagonista della vita politica e intellettuale dell’Italia liberale, e fu riconosciuto come il principale esponente della scuola giuridica italiana di diritto pubblico. Capo del governo alla fine della prima guerra mondale, Orlando si mostrò ambiguo agli inizi dell’ascesa al potere del fascismo fino ad apparire come un fiancheggiatore di Mussolini, passando decisamente all’opposizione solo dopo il delitto Matteotti.  Una biografia di Orlando che sia capace di porre in relazione il suo pensiero giuridico e i suoi orientamenti politici, la sua vicenda accademica e la sua vicenda politico-parlamentare e di uomo di governo, manca ancora. Occorre rivedere in sede critica un’immagine di Orlando che si è imposta fino a divenire un luogo comune: quella di un Orlando “bifronte”, giurista e politico, oscillante, con un misto di tatticismo e di spregiudicatezza che alla fine si rivelò impotente ad ingabbiare le forze suscitate dalla crisi politica e parlamentare dei primi anni 20, maturata in seno alle varie e contrapposte tendenze del liberalismo italiano.
description: I giuristi e il fascino del regime (1918-1925)
The use of remotely piloted vehicles in fisheries monitoring
Creators: name: Auerbach, Daniel Scott
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Deep Learning
Drones
Fisheries
Population Monitoring
Redds
Remote Sensing

description: Population management of species currently relies on human observations to enumerate population status and trends. Field surveys are labor-intensive, often expensive to conduct, and may be invasive to wildlife and their habitats. In addition, surveys may be biased, resulting in the under or overcounting of individuals, impacting management decisions. To supplement traditional methods and increase survey extents, researchers have turned to aerial methods (airplanes or helicopters) for population surveys, yet these are dangerous, expensive, and sometimes biased. Remotely piloted vehicles (RPVs, drones) have been used as an alternative to data collection methods that enhance or supplement traditional population count methods. RPVs fill an observational gap between ground and satellite surveys in measuring and monitoring the environment. As RPVs and sensor technologies improve, researchers and natural resource managers need the basic scientific information to integrate RPVs into decision making across ecological settings. To achieve a successful integration into current methodologies, the use of RPVs must be evaluated in both accuracy and precision, compatibility with long-term datasets, and efficiency. This dissertation research develops and evaluates a set of RPV methods for counting salmon nests (termed redds) and compares their results against traditional ground counting methods, identifies factors influencing RPV-based counts, and tests the application of a deep learning model to increase efficiency. The goal is to provide a basic scientific understanding to improve RPV applications in aquatic and fisheries sciences.
description: Chapter One developed an RPV method for counting salmon redds to estimate population size. This study was the first to provide strong empirical evidence of the potential of RPVs in population monitoring of salmon redds at very high-spatial resolution. Chapter 2 expands on the 2020 study and focused on reducing interobserver variability and identifying sources of sampling bias in RPV-based redd counts. Chapter 2 developed the necessary steps to integrate RPV-based redd counts into pre-existing long-term datasets. Chapter 3 applied a deep learning methodology for automated detection of redds from RPV imagery. This is the first deep learning model for counting redds from RPV imagery. Together these chapters provide the foundation on how to integrate RPV-based data into fisheries survey methods.