cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Planet formation in binaries: dynamics of planetesimals perturbed by the eccentric protoplanetary disk and the secondary
Creators: name: Silsbee, Kedron
name: Rafikov, Roman R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Detections of planets in eccentric, close (separations of ~20 AU) binary systems such as αCen or γCep provide an important test of planet formation theories. Gravitational perturbations from the companion are expected to excite high planetesimal eccentricities resulting in destruction, rather than growth, of objects with sizes of up to several hundred km in collisions of similar-size bodies. It was recently suggested that gravity of a massive axisymmetric gaseous disk in which planetesimals are embedded drives rapid precession of their orbits, suppressing eccentricity excitation. However, disks in binaries are themselves expected to be eccentric, leading to additional planetesimal excitation. Here we develop secular theory of eccentricity evolution for planetesimals perturbed by the gravity of an elliptical protoplanetary disk (neglecting gas drag) and the companion. For the first time we derive an expression for the disturbing function due to an eccentric disk, which can be used for a variety of other astrophysical problems. We obtain explicit analytical solutions for planetesimal eccentricity evolution and delineate four different regimes of dynamical excitation. We show that in systems with massive (>10^{-2}M_Sun) disks, planetesimal eccentricity is usually determined by the gravity of the eccentric disk alone, and is comparable to the disk eccentricity. As a result, the latter imposes a lower limit on collisional velocities of solids, making their growth problematic. This fragmentation barrier can be removed if the gaseous disk rapidly precesses or if its own self-gravity is efficient at lowering disk eccentricity.
description: 19 pages, 10 figures, accepted by ApJ
Splitting Valleys in Si/SiO$_2$: Identification and Control of Interface States
Creators: name: Dusko, Amintor
name: Saraiva, A. L.
name: Koiller, Belita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interface states in a silicon/barrier junction break the silicon valley degeneracy near the interface, a desirable feature for some Si quantum electronics applications. Within a minimal multivalley tight-binding model in one dimension, we inspect here the spatial extent of these states into the Si and the barrier materials, as well as favorable conditions for its spontaneous formation. Our approach---based on Green's-function renormalization-decimation techniques---is asymptotically exact for the infinite chain and shows the formation of these states regardless of whether or not a confining electric field is applied. The renormalization language naturally leads to the central role played by the chemical bond of the atoms immediately across the interface. In the adopted decimation procedure, the convergence rate to a fixed point directly relates the valley splitting and the spread of the wave function, consequently connecting the splitting to geometrical experimental parameters such as the capacitance of a two-dimensional electron gas---explicitly calculated here. This should serve as a probe to identify such states as a mechanism for enhanced valley splitting.
The Catalan simplicial set
Creators: name: Buckley, Mitchell
name: Garner, Richard
name: Lack, Stephen
name: Street, Ross
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18D10, 05A5, 18D05, 18G30, 55U10, 17B37, 20G42, 81R50

description: The Catalan numbers are well-known to be the answer to many different counting problems, and so there are many different families of sets whose cardinalities are the Catalan numbers. We show how such a family can be given the structure of a simplicial set. We show how the low-dimensional parts of this simplicial set classify, in a precise sense, the structures of monoid and of monoidal category. This involves aspects of combinatorics, algebraic topology, quantum groups, logic, and category theory.
description: 15 pages. Replaces and expands upon parts of arXiv:1307.0265; remaining parts of arXiv:1307.0265 will be incorporated into a sequel. Version 2: minor revision; to appear in Math. Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc
Excitonic interplay between surface polar III-nitride quantum wells and MoS$_2$ monolayer
Creators: name: Chen, Danxuan
name: Jiang, Jin
name: Weatherley, Thomas F. K.
name: Carlin, Jean-François
name: Banerjee, Mitali
name: Grandjean, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: III-nitride wide bandgap semiconductors exhibit large exciton binding energies, preserving strong excitonic effects at room temperature. On the other hand, semiconducting two-dimensional (2D) materials, including MoS$_2$, also exhibit strong excitonic effects, attributed to enhanced Coulomb interactions. This study investigates excitonic interactions between surface GaN quantum well (QW) and 2D MoS$_2$ in van der Waals heterostructures by varying the spacing between these two excitonic systems. Optical property investigation first demonstrates the effective passivation of defect states at the GaN surface through MoS$_2$ coating. Furthermore, a strong interplay is observed between MoS$_2$ monolayers and GaN QW excitonic transitions. This highlights the interest of the 2D material/III-nitride QW system to study near-field interactions, such as Förster resonance energy transfer, which could open up novel optoelectronic devices based on such hybrid excitonic structures.
description: Corrected error bars in Fig. 3
QUADRO: A supervised dimension reduction method via Rayleigh quotient optimization
Creators: name: Fan, Jianqing
name: Ke, Zheng Tracy
name: Liu, Han
name: Xia, Lucy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a novel Rayleigh quotient based sparse quadratic dimension reduction method - named QUADRO (Quadratic Dimension Reduction via Rayleigh Optimization) - for analyzing high- dimensional data. Unlike in the linear setting where Rayleigh quotient optimization coincides with classification, these two problems are very different under nonlinear settings. In this paper, we clarify this difference and show that Rayleigh quotient optimization may be of independent scientific interests. One major challenge of Rayleigh quotient optimization is that the variance of quadratic statistics involves all fourth cross-moments of predictors, which are infeasible to compute for high-dimensional applications and may accumulate too many stochastic errors. This issue is resolved by considering a family of elliptical models. Moreover, for heavy-tail distributions, robust estimates of mean vectors and covariance matrices are employed to guarantee uniform convergence in estimating nonpolynomially many parameters, even though only the fourth moments are assumed. Methodologically, QUADRO is based on elliptical models which allow us to formulate the Rayleigh quotient maximization as a convex optimization problem. Computationally, we propose an efficient linearized augmented Lagrangian method to solve the constrained optimization problem. Theoretically, we provide explicit rates of convergence in terms of Rayleigh quotient under both Gaussian and general elliptical models. Thorough numerical results on both synthetic and real datasets are also provided to back up our theoretical results.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/14-AOS1307 in the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
The Spacetime of Double Field Theory: Review, Remarks, and Outlook
Creators: name: Hohm, Olaf
name: Lust, Dieter
name: Zwiebach, Barton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review double field theory (DFT) with emphasis on the doubled spacetime and its generalized coordinate transformations, which unify diffeomorphisms and b-field gauge transformations. We illustrate how the composition of generalized coordinate transformations fails to associate. Moreover, in dimensional reduction, the O(d,d) T-duality transformations of fields can be obtained as generalized diffeomorphisms. Restricted to a half-dimensional subspace, DFT includes `generalized geometry', but is more general in that local patches of the doubled space may be glued together with generalized coordinate transformations. Indeed, we show that for certain T-fold backgrounds with non-geometric fluxes, there are generalized coordinate transformations that induce, as gauge symmetries of DFT, the requisite O(d,d;Z) monodromy transformations. Finally we review recent results on the α' extension of DFT which, reduced to the half-dimensional subspace, yields intriguing modifications of the basic structures of generalized geometry.
description: 50 pages, v2: minor corrections, version to be published in Fortschritte der Physik, v3: refs. added, discussion of non-geometric backgrounds extended
Innovating Computer Programming Pedagogy: The AI-Lab Framework for Generative AI Adoption
Creators: name: Dickey, Ethan
name: Bejarano, Andres
name: Garg, Chirayu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: K.3.2

description: Over the last year, the ascent of Generative AI (GenAI) has raised concerns about its impact on core skill development, such as problem-solving and algorithmic thinking, in Computer Science students. Preliminary anonymous surveys show that at least 48.5% of our students use GenAI for homework. With the proliferation of these tools, the academic community must contemplate the appropriate role of these tools in education. Neglecting this might culminate in a phenomenon we term the "Junior-Year Wall," where students struggle in advanced courses due to prior over-dependence on GenAI. Instead of discouraging GenAI use, which may unintentionally foster covert usage, our research seeks to answer: "How can educators guide students' interactions with GenAI to preserve core skill development during their foundational academic years?"
 We introduce "AI-Lab," a pedagogical framework for guiding students in effectively leveraging GenAI within core collegiate programming courses. This framework accentuates GenAI's benefits and potential as a pedagogical instrument. By identifying and rectifying GenAI's errors, students enrich their learning process. Moreover, AI-Lab presents opportunities to use GenAI for tailored support such as topic introductions, detailed examples, corner case identification, rephrased explanations, and debugging assistance. Importantly, the framework highlights the risks of GenAI over-dependence, aiming to intrinsically motivate students towards balanced usage. This approach is premised on the idea that mere warnings of GenAI's potential failures may be misconstrued as instructional shortcomings rather than genuine tool limitations.
 Additionally, AI-Lab offers strategies for formulating prompts to elicit high-quality GenAI responses. For educators, AI-Lab provides mechanisms to explore students' perceptions of GenAI's role in their learning experience.
description: 6 pages plus references and appendices
Origin of Rashba-splitting in the quantized subbands at Bi2Se3 surface
Creators: name: Benia, H. M.
name: Yaresko, A.
name: Schnyder, A. P.
name: Henk, J.
name: Lin, C. T.
name: Kern, K.
name: Ast, C. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the band structure of the $\text{Bi}_2\text{Se}_3$ topological insulator (111) surface using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. We examine the situation where two sets of quantized subbands exhibiting different Rashba spin-splitting are created via bending of the conduction (CB) and the valence (VB) bands at the surface. While the CB subbands are strongly Rashba spin-split, the VB subbands do not exhibit clear spin-splitting. We find that CB and VB experience similar band bending magnitudes, which means, a spin-splitting discrepancy due to different surface potential gradients can be excluded. On the other hand, by comparing the experimental band structure to first principles LMTO band structure calculations, we find that the strongly spin-orbit coupled Bi 6$p$ orbitals dominate the orbital character of CB, whereas their admixture to VB is rather small. The spin-splitting discrepancy is, therefore, traced back to the difference in spin-orbit coupling between CB and VB in the respective subbands' regions.
Multi-level stochastic collocation methods for parabolic and Schrödinger equations
Creators: name: Stein, Benny
Publisher: name: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncertainty quantification
sparse grids
stochastic collocation method
multi-level method
implicit-explicit methods
splitting methods
Strang splitting
parabolic differential equations
predator-prey equations
Schrödinger equations

description: In this thesis, we propose, analyse and implement numerical methods for time-dependent non-linear parabolic and Schrödinger-type equations with uncertain parameters. The discretisation of the parameter space which incorporates the uncertainty of the problem is performed via single- and multi-level collocation strategies. To deal with the possibly large dimension of the parameter space, sparse grid collocation techniques are used to alleviate the curse of dimensionality to a certain extent. We prove that the multi-level method is capable of reducing the overall computational costs significantly. In the parabolic case, the time discretisation is performed via an implicit-explicit splitting strategy of order two which consists shortly speaking of a combination of an implicit trapezoidal rule for the stiff linear part and Heun's method for the non-linear part. In the Schrödinger case, time is discretised via the famous second-order Strang splitting method. For both problem classes we review known error bounds for both discretizations and prove new error bounds for the time discretisations which take the regularity in the parameter space into account. In the parabolic case, a new error bound for the "implicit-explicit trapezoidal method" (IMEXT) method is proved. To our knowledge, this error bound stating second-order convergence of the IMEXT method closes a current gap in the literature. Utilising the aforementioned new error bounds for both problem classes, we can rigorously prove convergence of the single- and multi-level methods. Additionally, cost savings of the multi-level methods compared to the single-level approach are predicted and verifed by numerical examples. The results mentioned above are novel contributions in two areas of mathematics. The first one is (analysis of) numerical methods for uncertainty quantification and the second one is numerical analysis of time-integration schemes for PDEs.
On the self-consistent Landauer-Büttiker formalism
Creators: name: Cornean, Horia D.
name: Marcelli, Giovanna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide sufficient conditions such that the time evolution of a mesoscopic tight-binding open system with a local Hartree-Fock non-linearity converges to a self-consistent non-equilibrium steady state, which is independent of the initial condition from the "small sample". We also show that the steady charge current intensities are given by Landauer-Büttiker-like formulas, and make the connection with the case of weakly self-interacting many-body systems.
description: version published in Communications in Mathematical Physics
title: Mehr als das Mahl selbst. Zur sozialen Bedeutung von Speisen im Bestattungskontext
Creators: name: Gramsch, Alexander
Publisher: name: University Library Heidelberg
Year: 2014

description: Im vorliegenden Beitrag geht es um Nahrungsmittel im Kontext von Bestattungen. Hauptsächlich wird die Beigabe von tierischer Nahrung und von möglichen Getränken diskutiert. Im Mittelpunkt dieser Diskussion steht die soziale Funktion des Bestattungsrituals und der dabei verwendeten Gegenstände, insbesondere die Transformation der sozialen Identität des verstorbenen
Individuums durch die rituellen Handlungen. Mithilfe der Konzepte der „Gabe" nach M. MAUSS und der „kommunikativen Handlung" nach J. HABERMAS werden die Nahrungsbeigaben als Artefakte verstanden, die weniger Anzeiger eines sozialen Ranges sind als vielmehr der Charakterisierung der sozialen Identität des Verstorbenen und die zugleich der Transformation dieser Identität dienen. Ausgeführt werden diese Thesen am Beispiel eines Gräberfeldes der Lausitzer Kultur aus Brandenburg
description: This paper discusses food in the context of burials, and the giving of meat and of possible beverages in particular. It focuses on the social meaning of both the funeral ritual and the objects involved. In particular, the transformation of the social identity of the deceased through ritual action is examined. Building upon the concepts "gift" (MAUSS) and "communicative practice" (HABERMAS) nutritional
offerings in the graves are understood as artefacts which at the same time characterise the social identity of the deceased and help in transforming this identity, rather than simply indicating social Status. This approach is exemplified with evidence from an urnfield of the Lusatian Culture from Brandenburg (Germany).
Probabilistic and statistical properties of moment variations and their use in inference and estimation based on high frequency return data
Creators: name: Lee, Kyungsub
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We discuss the probabilistic properties of the variation based third and fourth moments of financial returns as estimators of the actual moments of the return distributions. The moment variations are defined under non-parametric assumptions with quadratic variation method but for the computational tractability, we use a square root stochastic volatility model for the derivations of moment conditions for estimations. Using the S\&P 500 index high frequency data, the realized versions of the moment variations is used for the estimation of a stochastic volatility model. We propose a simple estimation method of a stochastic volatility model using the sample averages of the variations and ARMA estimation. In addition, we compare the results with a generalized method of moments estimation based on the successive relation between realized moments and their lagged values.
RoBoSS: A Robust, Bounded, Sparse, and Smooth Loss Function for Supervised Learning
Creators: name: Akhtar, Mushir
name: Tanveer, M.
name: Arshad, Mohd.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the domain of machine learning, the significance of the loss function is paramount, especially in supervised learning tasks. It serves as a fundamental pillar that profoundly influences the behavior and efficacy of supervised learning algorithms. Traditional loss functions, though widely used, often struggle to handle outlier-prone and high-dimensional data, resulting in suboptimal outcomes and slow convergence during training. In this paper, we address the aforementioned constraints by proposing a novel robust, bounded, sparse, and smooth (RoBoSS) loss function for supervised learning. Further, we incorporate the RoBoSS loss within the framework of support vector machine (SVM) and introduce a new robust algorithm named $\mathcal{L}_{RoBoSS}$-SVM. For the theoretical analysis, the classification-calibrated property and generalization ability are also presented. These investigations are crucial for gaining deeper insights into the robustness of the RoBoSS loss function in classification problems and its potential to generalize well to unseen data. To validate the potency of the proposed $\mathcal{L}_{RoBoSS}$-SVM, we assess it on $88$ benchmark datasets from KEEL and UCI repositories. Further, to rigorously evaluate its performance in challenging scenarios, we conducted an assessment using datasets intentionally infused with outliers and label noise. Additionally, to exemplify the effectiveness of $\mathcal{L}_{RoBoSS}$-SVM within the biomedical domain, we evaluated it on two medical datasets: the electroencephalogram (EEG) signal dataset and the breast cancer (BreaKHis) dataset. The numerical results substantiate the superiority of the proposed $\mathcal{L}_{RoBoSS}$-SVM model, both in terms of its remarkable generalization performance and its efficiency in training time.
D4.1 HESS Use Case Definition and Specifications
Creators: name: Aloisio, Davide
name: Sergi, Francesco
name: Trombetta, Giovanni L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: battery
energy efficiency
energy storage
hybrid energy storage system
lithium
redox flow
use cases

description: This deliverable describes the efforts done in Task 4.1 in order to define well-oriented use cases, useful to validate the proposed HYBRIS concept, specifying all the elements needed to carry out proper simulation activities in WP 4 and field deployment and validation in WPs 5 and 6. Realistic use cases have been defined starting from the project ambitions and key performance indicators in WP1 and the battery design specifications defined in WP2. Main objectives of the demonstration & validation activities are: 1) validate all HESS and power and energy applications; 2) assess the benefits of the HESS system in the microgrid context; 3) assess the real-time operation of HESS system with respect to the power and energy applications enabled by the new hybrid solution. HYBRIS will demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed HESS system through a wide set of validation activities involving 3 pilot sites (two real and one virtual) and globally covering a wide range of energy services.
 After an introduction of the possible energy services allowed in modern smart grids, the services chosen for each of the three pilot cases are described. The selected services explore possible point of views, covering Prosumer, Aggregator, ESCO and Energy markets perspectives. In particular, considering the HYBRIS project goal in demonstrating the added value of the proposed HESS to smart grids, the selected services will try to obtain and evidence:
 • an increasing use of green energy on site, with higher efficiency thanks to the energy and power managed by BESS components,
 • the possibility of maximization of cost for energy users and revenue for prosumers,
 • an important improvement in preventing occurrence of congestions or interruptions in local grid, thus increasing its reliability,
 • an overall increased benefit for grid capability and transmission and distribution reliability without the need for costly infrastructure investments (deferral). Finally, in order to help the possible integration of the HYBRIS HESS into a modern smart grid, a part of this Task 4.1 involves the fine tuning and final definition of the system model, used to benchmark and assess the system performance in a virtual environment. This work is done to create a digital twin HiL tool necessary to simulate and integrate the HESS in a modern smart grid in a fast and efficient way. The purpose of this deliverable in short is to:
 i) Define the use cases to be considered for the final deployment of the project
 ii) Present services to be explored in the different pilot sites, with a description of their implementation
 iii) Describe the developed and validated battery models with the use of digital twin approaches.
Phase transition and critical end point driven by an external magnetic field in asymmetric quark matter
Creators: name: Costa, Pedro
name: Ferreira, Márcio
name: Hansen, Hubert
name: Menezes, Débora P.
name: Providência, Constança
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The location of the critical end point (CEP) in the QCD phase diagram is determined under different scenarios. The effect of strangeness, isospin/charge asymmetry and an external magnetic field is investigated. The discussion is performed within the 2+1 flavor Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model with Polyakov loop. It is shown that isospin asymmetry shifts the CEP to larger baryonic chemical potentials and smaller temperatures. At large asymmetries the CEP disappears. However, a strong enough magnetic field drives the system into a first order phase transition.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures; PRD version
Distribution Grid Line Outage Identification with Unknown Pattern and Performance Guarantee
Creators: name: Xiao, Chenhan
name: Liao, Yizheng
name: Weng, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Line outage identification in distribution grids is essential for sustainable grid operation. In this work, we propose a practical yet robust detection approach that utilizes only readily available voltage magnitudes, eliminating the need for costly phase angles or power flow data. Given the sensor data, many existing detection methods based on change-point detection require prior knowledge of outage patterns, which are unknown for real-world outage scenarios. To remove this impractical requirement, we propose a data-driven method to learn the parameters of the post-outage distribution through gradient descent. However, directly using gradient descent presents feasibility issues. To address this, we modify our approach by adding a Bregman divergence constraint to control the trajectory of the parameter updates, which eliminates the feasibility problems. As timely operation is the key nowadays, we prove that the optimal parameters can be learned with convergence guarantees via leveraging the statistical and physical properties of voltage data. We evaluate our approach using many representative distribution grids and real load profiles with 17 outage configurations. The results show that we can detect and localize the outage in a timely manner with only voltage magnitudes and without assuming a prior knowledge of outage patterns.
description: 12 pages
Searches for additional Higgs bosons and for vector leptoquarks in $\tau\tau$ final states in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: p p: scattering
p p: colliding beams
new physics: search for
new particle
tau: pair production
gluon gluon: fusion
supersymmetry: minimal
supersymmetry: parameter space
leptoquark: coupling
coupling: vector
lepton
Higgs particle: associated production
jet: associated production
jet: bottom
bottom: particle identification
channel cross section: branching ratio: upper limit
mass dependence
mass: lower limit
CMS
benchmark
quark
CERN LHC Coll
signature
effective field theory
experimental results
13000 GeV-cms

description: Three searches are presented for signatures of physics beyond the standard model (SM) in $\tau\tau$ final states in proton-proton collisions at the LHC, using a data sample collected with the CMS detector at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$^{-1}$. Upper limits at 95% confidence level (CL) are set on the products of the branching fraction for the decay into $\tau$ leptons and the cross sections for the production of a new boson $\phi$, in addition to the H(125) boson, via gluon fusion (gg$\phi$) or in association with b quarks, ranging from $\mathcal{O}$(10 pb) for a mass of 60 GeV to 0.3 fb for a mass of 3.5 TeV each. The data reveal two excesses for gg$\phi$ production with local $p$-values equivalent to about three standard deviations at $m_\phi$ = 0.1 and 1.2 TeV. In a search for $t$-channel exchange of a vector leptoquark U$_1$, 95% CL upper limits are set on the dimensionless U$_1$ leptoquark coupling to quarks and $\tau$ leptons ranging from 1 for a mass of 1 TeV to 6 for a mass of 5 TeV, depending on the scenario. In the interpretations of the $M_\mathrm{h}^{125}$ and $M_\mathrm{h, EFT}^{125}$ minimal supersymmetric SM benchmark scenarios, additional Higgs bosons with masses below 350 GeV are excluded at 95% CL.
Constraints on fifth forces and ultralight dark matter from OSIRIS-REx target asteroid Bennu
Creators: name: Tsai, Yu-Dai
name: Farnocchia, Davide
name: Micheli, Marco
name: Vagnozzi, Sunny
name: Visinelli, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the OSIRIS-REx mission and ground-based tracking data for the asteroid Bennu, we derive new constraints on fifth forces and ultralight dark matter. The bounds we obtain are strongest for mediator masses $m \sim 10^{-18} - 10^{-17}\,{\rm eV}$, where we currently achieve the tightest bounds. Our limits can be translated to a wide class of models leading to Yukawa-type fifth forces, and we demonstrate how they apply to $U(1)_B$ dark photons and baryon-coupled scalars. Our results demonstrate the potential of asteroid tracking in probing well-motivated extensions of the Standard Model and ultralight dark matter satisfying the fuzzy dark matter constraints.
description: 1 figure, 7 pages plus references
MPEC 2023-V209 : 2023 VH7
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 VH7

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Measurement of inclusive and differential cross sections for single top quark production in association with a W boson in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: p p: scattering
p p: colliding beams
higher-order: 1
perturbation theory: higher-order
bottom: fragmentation
top: single production
W: associated production
differential cross section: measured
transverse momentum dependence
momentum dependence
angular dependence
mass dependence
muon
final state: ((n)jet dilepton)
jet: bottom
bottom: particle identification
quantum chromodynamics: perturbation theory
CMS
acceptance
electron
CERN LHC Coll
kinematics
background
data analysis method
experimental results
13000 GeV-cms

description: Measurements of the inclusive and normalised differential cross sections are presented for the production of single top quarks in association with a W boson in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The data used were recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC during 2016-2018, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$^{-1}$. Events containing one electron and one muon in the final state are analysed. For the inclusive measurement, a multivariate discriminant, exploiting the kinematic properties of the events is used to separate the signal from the dominant $\mathrm{t\bar{t}}$ background. A cross section of 79.2 $\pm$ 0.9 (stat) $^{+7.7}_{-8.0}$ (syst) $\pm$ 1.2 (lumi) pb is obtained, consistent with the predictions of the standard model. For the differential measurements, a fiducial region is defined according to the detector acceptance, and the requirement of exactly one jet coming from the fragmentation of a bottom quark. The resulting distributions are unfolded to particle level and agree with the predictions at next-to-leading order in perturbative quantum chromodynamics.
Frame dragging and Eulerian frames in General Relativity
Creators: name: Rampf, Cornelius
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The physical interpretation of cold dark matter perturbations is clarified by associating Bertschinger's Poisson gauge with a Eulerian/observer's frame of reference. We obtain such an association by using a Lagrangian approach to relativistic cosmological structure formation. Explicitly, we begin with the second-order solution of the Einstein equations in a synchronous/comoving coordinate system---which defines the Lagrangian frame, and transform it to a Poissonian coordinate system. The generating vector of this coordinate/gauge transformation is found to be the relativistic displacement field. The metric perturbations in the Poissonian coordinate system contain known results from standard/Eulerian Newtonian perturbation theory, but contain also purely relativistic corrections. On sub-horizon scales these relativistic corrections are dominated by the Newtonian bulk part. These corrections however set up non-linear constraints for the density and for the velocity which become important on scales close to the horizon. Furthermore, we report the occurence of a transverse component in the displacement field, and find that it induces a non-linear frame dragging as seen in the observer's frame, which is sub-dominant at late-times and sub-horizon scales. Finally, we find two other gauges which can be associated with a Eulerian frame. We argue that the Poisson gauge is to be preferred because it comes with the simplest physical interpretation.
description: 14 pages, results unchanged, extended discussion, matches published version
On fits to correlated and auto-correlated data
Creators: name: Bruno, Mattia
name: Sommer, Rainer
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: lattice field theory
covariance

description: Observables in particle physics and specifically in lattice QCD calculations are often extracted from fits. Standard $\chi^2$ tests require a reliable determination of the covariance matrix and its inverse from correlated and auto-correlated data, a challenging task often leading to close-to-singular estimates. These motivate modifications of the definition of $\chi^2$ such as uncorrelated fits. We show how the goodness-of-fit measured by their p-value can still be estimated robustly for a broad class of such fits.
D7.4 First patient and layman event
Creators: name: Korenjak, Marko
name: Všetičkova, Veronika
name: Köhler, Vanessa
name: Ameli Schwalber
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: 'Therapies for acute decompensation of cirrhosis and ACLF, research needs and outlook.' Under this title, on June 9, 2021, an event was organized dedicated to patients focused on DECISION, MICROB-PREDICT, and A-TANGO, medical research project. Three EU-funded research projects, MICROB-PREDICT, DECISION, and A-TANGO, joined forces to improve the prevention and treatment of cirrhosis. All three consortia aim to understand the disease better, identify biomarkers and mechanisms that predict when the body can no longer compensate for the dysfunctional liver (decompensated cirrhosis) when decompensated cirrhosis progresses to acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF), and patient's individual treatment response. They strive to develop novel diagnostic tools based on the newly identified biomarkers for earlier and better patient stratification and establish personalized and effective treatment strategies. In MICROB-PREDICT, the focus thereby lies on microbiome-based strategies. DECISION aims to identify new combinatorial therapies, and A-TANGO will investigate one specific, promising substance in a clinical trial. During the meeting, the projects and their implications for the future management of patients with cirrhosis were discussed.
Regularized estimation in sparse high-dimensional time series models
Creators: name: Basu, Sumanta
name: Michailidis, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many scientific and economic problems involve the analysis of high-dimensional time series datasets. However, theoretical studies in high-dimensional statistics to date rely primarily on the assumption of independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) samples. In this work, we focus on stable Gaussian processes and investigate the theoretical properties of $\ell _1$-regularized estimates in two important statistical problems in the context of high-dimensional time series: (a) stochastic regression with serially correlated errors and (b) transition matrix estimation in vector autoregressive (VAR) models. We derive nonasymptotic upper bounds on the estimation errors of the regularized estimates and establish that consistent estimation under high-dimensional scaling is possible via $\ell_1$-regularization for a large class of stable processes under sparsity constraints. A key technical contribution of the work is to introduce a measure of stability for stationary processes using their spectral properties that provides insight into the effect of dependence on the accuracy of the regularized estimates. With this proposed stability measure, we establish some useful deviation bounds for dependent data, which can be used to study several important regularized estimates in a time series setting.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/15-AOS1315 in the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
A Review on AI Algorithms for Energy Management in E-Mobility Services
Creators: name: Yan, Sen
name: Shah, Maqsood Hussain
name: Li, Ji
name: O'Connor, Noel
name: Liu, Mingming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: E-mobility, or electric mobility, has emerged as a pivotal solution to address pressing environmental and sustainability concerns in the transportation sector. The depletion of fossil fuels, escalating greenhouse gas emissions, and the imperative to combat climate change underscore the significance of transitioning to electric vehicles (EVs). This paper seeks to explore the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in addressing various challenges related to effective energy management in e-mobility systems (EMS). These challenges encompass critical factors such as range anxiety, charge rate optimization, and the longevity of energy storage in EVs. By analyzing existing literature, we delve into the role that AI can play in tackling these challenges and enabling efficient energy management in EMS. Our objectives are twofold: to provide an overview of the current state-of-the-art in this research domain and propose effective avenues for future investigations. Through this analysis, we aim to contribute to the advancement of sustainable and efficient e-mobility solutions, shaping a greener and more sustainable future for transportation.
description: 8 pages, 4 tables, 1 figure
Understanding uncertainty in temperature effects on vector-borne disease: A Bayesian approach
Creators: name: Johnson, Leah R.
name: Ben-Horin, Tal
name: Lafferty, Kevin D.
name: McNally, Amy
name: Mordecai, Erin
name: Paaijmans, Krijn P.
name: Pawar, Samraat
name: Ryan, Sadie J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Extrinsic environmental factors influence the distribution and population dynamics of many organisms, including insects that are of concern for human health and agriculture. This is particularly true for vector-borne infectious diseases, like malaria, which is a major source of morbidity and mortality in humans. Understanding the mechanistic links between environment and population processes for these diseases is key to predicting the consequences of climate change on transmission and for developing effective interventions. An important measure of the intensity of disease transmission is the reproductive number $R_0$. However, understanding the mechanisms linking $R_0$ and temperature, an environmental factor driving disease risk, can be challenging because the data available for parameterization are often poor. To address this we show how a Bayesian approach can help identify critical uncertainties in components of $R_0$ and how this uncertainty is propagated into the estimate of $R_0$. Most notably, we find that different parameters dominate the uncertainty at different temperature regimes: bite rate from 15-25$^\circ$ C; fecundity across all temperatures, but especially $\sim$25-32$^\circ$ C; mortality from 20-30$^\circ$ C; parasite development rate at $\sim$15-16$^\circ$C and again at $\sim$33-35$^\circ$C. Focusing empirical studies on these parameters and corresponding temperature ranges would be the most efficient way to improve estimates of $R_0$. While we focus on malaria, our methods apply to improving process-based models more generally, including epidemiological, physiological niche, and species distribution models.
description: 27 pages, including 1 table and 3 figures
High Perceptual Quality Wireless Image Delivery with Denoising Diffusion Models
Creators: name: Yilmaz, Selim F.
name: Niu, Xueyan
name: Bai, Bo
name: Han, Wei
name: Deng, Lei
name: Gunduz, Deniz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider the image transmission problem over a noisy wireless channel via deep learning-based joint source-channel coding (DeepJSCC) along with a denoising diffusion probabilistic model (DDPM) at the receiver. Specifically, we are interested in the perception-distortion trade-off in the practical finite block length regime, in which separate source and channel coding can be highly suboptimal. We introduce a novel scheme, where the conventional DeepJSCC encoder targets transmitting a lower resolution version of the image, which later can be refined thanks to the generative model available at the receiver. In particular, we utilize the range-null space decomposition of the target image; DeepJSCC transmits the range-space of the image, while DDPM progressively refines its null space contents. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate significant improvements in distortion and perceptual quality of reconstructed images compared to standard DeepJSCC and the state-of-the-art generative learning-based method.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures. Published at INFOCOM 2024 Workshops
MPEC 2023-G50 : 2023 GM
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 GM

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Search for heavy neutral leptons in decays of $W$ bosons using a dilepton displaced vertex in $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV $pp$ collisions with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: p p: scattering
p p: colliding beams
neutrino: flavor
neutrino: left-handed
neutrino: mass
flavor: oscillation
lepton: heavy
W: leptonic decay
W: rare decay
ATLAS
neutrino: mixing
dilepton: final state
track data analysis: vertex
mass: hierarchy
CERN LHC Coll
background
neutral particle: long-lived
experimental results
13000 GeV-cms

description: A search for a long-lived, heavy neutral lepton ($\mathcal{N}$) in 139 fb$^{-1}$ of $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV $pp$ collision data collected by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider is reported. The $\mathcal{N}$ is produced via $W \rightarrow \mathcal{N} \mu$ or $W \rightarrow \mathcal{N} e$ and decays into two charged leptons and a neutrino, forming a displaced vertex. The $\mathcal{N}$ mass is used to discriminate between signal and background. No signal is observed, and limits are set on the squared mixing parameters of the $\mathcal{N}$ with the left-handed neutrino states for the $\mathcal{N}$ mass range $3$ GeV $< m_{\mathcal{N}} < 15$ GeV. For the first time, limits are given for both single-flavor and multiflavor mixing scenarios motivated by neutrino flavor oscillation results for both the normal and inverted neutrino-mass hierarchies.
On risk bounds in isotonic and other shape restricted regression problems
Creators: name: Chatterjee, Sabyasachi
name: Guntuboyina, Adityanand
name: Sen, Bodhisattva
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the problem of estimating an unknown $θ\in {\mathbb{R}}^n$ from noisy observations under the constraint that $θ$ belongs to certain convex polyhedral cones in ${\mathbb{R}}^n$. Under this setting, we prove bounds for the risk of the least squares estimator (LSE). The obtained risk bound behaves differently depending on the true sequence $θ$ which highlights the adaptive behavior of $θ$. As special cases of our general result, we derive risk bounds for the LSE in univariate isotonic and convex regression. We study the risk bound in isotonic regression in greater detail: we show that the isotonic LSE converges at a whole range of rates from $\log n/n$ (when $θ$ is constant) to $n^{-2/3}$ (when $θ$ is uniformly increasing in a certain sense). We argue that the bound presents a benchmark for the risk of any estimator in isotonic regression by proving nonasymptotic local minimax lower bounds. We prove an analogue of our bound for model misspecification where the true $θ$ is not necessarily nondecreasing.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/15-AOS1324 in the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)