cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Effects of Spin-Orbit Resonances and Tidal Heating on the Inner Edge of the Habitable Zone
Creators: name: Colose, Christopher M.
name: Haqq-Misra, Jacob
name: Wolf, Eric T.
name: Del Genio, Anthony D.
name: Barnes, Rory
name: Way, Michael J.
name: Ruedy, Reto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Much attention has been given to the climate dynamics and habitable boundaries of synchronously rotating planets around low mass stars. However, other rotational states are possible, particularly when higher eccentricity orbits can be maintained in a system, including spin-orbit resonant configurations. Additionally, the oscillating strain as a planet moves from periastron to apoastron results in friction and tidal heating, which can be an important energy source. Here, we simulate the climate of ocean-covered planets near the inner edge of the habitable zone around M to solar stars with ROCKE-3D, and leverage the planetary evolution software package, VPLanet, to calculate tidal heating rates for Earth-sized planets orbiting 2600 K and 3000 K stars. This study is the first to use a 3-D General Circulation Model that implements tidal heating to investigate habitability for multiple resonant states. We find that in the absence of tidal heating, the resonant state has little impact on the inner edge, because for a given stellar flux, higher-order states tend to be warmer than synchronous rotators, but for a given temperature, have drier upper atmospheres. However, when strong tidal heating is present, the rotational component implies a strong dependence of habitable conditions on the system evolution and rotational state. Since tidal and stellar heating both decrease with orbital distance, this results in a compact orbital width separating temperate and uninhabitable climates. We summarize these results and also compare ROCKE-3D to previously published simulations of the inner edge that used a modified version of the NCAR CAM4 model.
Range of novel black hole phase transitions via massive gravity: Triple points and N-fold reentrant phase transitions
Creators: name: Dehghani, A.
name: Hendi, S. H.
name: Mann, R. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Massive gravities in anti-de Sitter spacetime can be viewed as effective dual field theories of different phases of condensed matter systems with broken translational symmetry such as solids, (perfect) fluids, and liquid crystals. Motivated by this fact, we explore the black hole chemistry (BHC) of these theories and find a new range of novel phase transitions close to realistic ones in ordinary physical systems. We find that the equation of state of topological black holes (TBHs) at their inflection point(s) in $d$-dimensional spacetime reduces to a polynomial equation of degree $(d-4)$, which yields up to $n=(d-4)$ critical points. As a result, for (neutral) TBHs, we observe triple-point phenomena with the associated first-order phase transitions (in $d \ge 7$), and a new phenomenon we call an $N$-fold reentrant phase transition, in which several ($N$) regions of thermodynamic phase space exhibit distinct reentrant phase transitions, with associated virtual triple points and zeroth-order phase transitions (in $d \ge 8$), as well as Van der Waals transitions (in $d \ge 5$) and reentrant (in $d \ge 6$) behavior. We conclude that BHC in higher-dimensional massive gravity is very likely to offer further new surprises.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, published version
Negative Horizon Mass for Rotating Black Holes
Creators: name: Kunz, Jutta
name: Navarro-Lerida, Francisco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Charged rotating black holes of Einstein-Maxwell-Chern-Simons theory in odd dimensions, $D \ge 5$, may possess a negative horizon mass, while their total mass is positive. This surprising feature is related to the existence of counterrotating solutions, where the horizon angular velocity $Ω$ and the angular momentum $J$ possess opposite signs. Black holes may further possess vanishing horizon angular velocity while they have finite angular momentum, or they may possess finite horizon angular velocity while their angular momentum vanishes. In D=9 even non-static black holes with $Ω=J=0$ appear. Charged rotating black holes with vanishing gyromagnetic ratio exist, and black holes need no longer be uniquely characterized by their global charges.
description: 17 pages, 16 figures
The Ultrafast Kerr Effect in Anisotropic and Dispersive Media
Creators: name: Huber, Lucas
name: Maehrlein, Sebastian
name: Wang, Feifan
name: Liu, Yufeng
name: Zhu, Xiaoyang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ultrafast optical Kerr effect (OKE) is widely used to investigate the structural dynamics and interactions of liquids, solutions and solids by observing their intrinsic nonlinear temporal responses through nearly-collinear four-wave mixing (FWM). Non-degenerate mixing schemes allow for background free detection and can provide information on the interplay between a material's internal degrees of freedom. Here we show a source of temporal dynamics in the OKE signal that is not reflective of the intrinsic nonlinear response but arises from group index and momentum mismatch. It is observed in two-color experiments on condensed media with sizable spectral dispersion, a common property near an optical resonance. In particular birefringence in crystalline solids is able to entirely change the character of the OKE signal via the off-diagonal tensor elements of the nonlinear susceptibility. We develop a detailed description of the phase-mismatched ultrafast OKE and show how to extract quantitative information on the spectrally resolved birefringence and group index from time-resolved experiments in one and two dimensions.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
Learning Visual Representations with Optimum-Path Forest and its Applications to Barrett's Esophagus and Adenocarcinoma Diagnosis
Creators: name: Souza, Luis A. de
name: Afonso, Luis C. S.
name: Ebigbo, Alanna
name: Probst, Andreas
name: Messmann, Helmut
name: Mendel, Robert
name: Palm, Christoph
name: Papa, João P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this work, we introduce the unsupervised Optimum-Path Forest (OPF) classifier for learning visual dictionaries in the context of Barrett's esophagus (BE) and automatic adenocarcinoma diagnosis. The proposed approach was validated in two datasets (MICCAI 2015 and Augsburg) using three different feature extractors (SIFT, SURF, and the not yet applied to the BE context A-KAZE), as well as five supervised classifiers, including two variants of the OPF, Support Vector Machines with Radial Basis Function and Linear kernels, and a Bayesian classifier. Concerning MICCAI 2015 dataset, the best results were obtained using unsupervised OPF for dictionary generation using supervised OPF for classification purposes and using SURF feature extractor with accuracy nearly to 78% for distinguishing BE patients from adenocarcinoma ones. Regarding the Augsburg dataset, the most accurate results were also obtained using both OPF classifiers but with A-KAZE as the feature extractor with accuracy close to 73%. The combination of feature extraction and bag-of-visual-words techniques showed results that outperformed others obtained recently in the literature, as well as we highlight new advances in the related research area. Reinforcing the significance of this work, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first one that aimed at addressing computer-aided BE identification using bag-of-visual-words and OPF classifiers, being this application of unsupervised technique in the BE feature calculation the major contribution of this work. It is also proposed a new BE and adenocarcinoma description using the A-KAZE features, not yet applied in the literature.
Vacancy induced magnetism in graphene and graphene ribbons
Creators: name: Palacios, J. J.
name: Fernandez-Rossier, J.
name: Brey, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address the electronic structure and magnetic properties of vacancies and voids both in graphene and graphene ribbons. Using a mean field Hubbard model, we study the appearance of magnetic textures associated to removing a single atom (vacancy) and multiple adjacent atoms (voids) as well as the magnetic interactions between them. A simple set of rules, based upon Lieb theorem, link the atomic structure and the spatial arrangement of the defects to the emerging magnetic order. The total spin $S$ of a given defect depends on its sublattice imbalance, but some defects with S=0 can still have local magnetic moments. The sublattice imbalance also determines whether the defects interact ferromagnetically or antiferromagnetically with one another and the range of these magnetic interactions is studied in some simple cases. We find that in semiconducting armchair ribbons and two-dimensional graphene without global sublattice imbalance there is maximum defect density above which local magnetization disappears. Interestingly, the electronic properties of semiconducting graphene ribbons with uncoupled local moments are very similar to those of diluted magnetic semiconductors, presenting giant Zeeman splitting.
description: 16 pages, 14 figures
The Tristan legend in medieval narrative embroidery
Creators: name: Randles, Sarah Elspeth Mary
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: NK9208.R36 2007
subject: Embroidery, Medieval
subject: Tristan (Legendary character) Romances
subject: Narrative art

description: [V.1 Text] -- v.2 Supporting material]
Theory of pressure acoustics with thermoviscous boundary layers and streaming in elastic cavities
Creators: name: Joergensen, Jonas H.
name: Bruus, Henrik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an effective thermoviscous theory of acoustofluidics including pressure acoustics, thermoviscous boundary layers, and streaming for fluids embedded in elastic cavities. By including thermal fields, we thus extend the effective viscous theory by Bach and Bruus, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 144, 766 (2018). The acoustic temperature field and the thermoviscous boundary layers are incorporated analytically as effective boundary conditions and time-averaged body forces on the thermoacoustic bulk fields. Because it avoids resolving the thin boundary layers, the effective model allows for numerical simulation of both thermoviscous acoustic and time-averaged fields in 3D models of acoustofluidic systems. We show how the acoustic streaming depends strongly on steady and oscillating thermal fields through the temperature dependency of the material parameters, in particular the viscosity and the compressibility, affecting both the boundary conditions and spawning additional body forces in the bulk. We also show how even small steady temperature gradients (1 K/mm) induce gradients in compressibility and density that may result in very high streaming velocities (1 mm/s) for moderate acoustic energy densities (100 J/m^3).
description: 12 pages, 4 pdf figures, RevTex
$γp$ and $γγ$ scattering from $\bar{p}p$, $pp$ forward amplitudes in a QCD eikonal model with a dynamical gluon mass
Creators: name: Luna, E. G. S.
name: Natale, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the $γp$ photoproduction and the hadronic $γγ$ total cross sections by means of a QCD eikonal model with a dynamical infrared mass scale. In this model, where the dynamical gluon mass is the natural regulator for the tree level gluon-gluon scattering, the $γp$ and $γγ$ total cross sections are derived from the $pp$ and $\bar{p}p$ forward scattering amplitudes assuming vector meson dominance and the additive quark model. We show that the validity of the cross section factorization relation $σ_{pp}/σ_{γp}=σ_{γp}/σ_{γγ}$ is fulfilled depending on the Monte Carlo model used to unfold the hadronic $γγ$ cross section data, and we discuss in detail the case of $σ(γγ\to hadrons)$ data with $W_{γγ} > 10$ GeV unfolded by the Monte Carlo generators PYTHIA and PHOJET. The data seems to favor a mild dependence with the energy of the probability ($P_{had}$) that the photon interacts as a hadron.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures; misprints corrected; to appear in Phys. Rev. D
Matrix formalism of synchrobetatron coupling
Creators: name: Huang, Xiaobiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we present a complete linear synchrobetatron coupling formalism by studying the transfer matrix which describes linear horizontal and longitudinal motions. With the technique established in the linear horizontal-vertical coupling study [D. Sagan and D. Rubin, Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams {\bf 2}, 074001 (1999)], we found a transformation to block diagonalize the transfer matrix and decouple the betatron motion and the synchrotron motion. By separating the usual dispersion term from the horizontal coordinate first, we were able to obtain analytic expressions of the transformation under reasonable approximations. We also obtained the perturbations to the betatron tune and the Courant-Snyder functions. The closed orbit changes due to finite energy gains at rf cavities and radiation energy losses were also studied by the 5$\times$5 extended transfer matrix with the fifth column describing kicks in the 4-dimension phase space.
description: 25 pages, 6 figures; The subject-class should be soly "Accelerator Physics"; The comment (the last setence of the 3rd paragraph) in version 1 about the first appearance of the closed orbit formula was wrong. To my best knowledge PRE 72, 056501 was the first paper giving that formula, not SLAC technote PTM-53
Relationship between two-level systems and quasi-localized normal modes in glasses
Creators: name: Khomenko, Dmytro
name: Reichman, David R.
name: Zamponi, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tunnelling Two-Level Systems (TLS) dominate the physics of glasses at low temperatures. Yet TLS are extremely rare and it is extremely difficult to directly observe them $\it{in \, silico}$. It is thus crucial to develop simple structural predictors that can provide markers for determining if a TLS is present in a given glass region. It has been speculated that Quasi-Localized vibrational Modes (QLM) are closely related to TLS, and that one can extract information about TLS from QLM. In this work we address this possibility. In particular, we investigate the degree to which a linear or non-linear vibrational mode analysis can predict the location of TLS independently found by energy landscape exploration. We find that even though there is a notable spatial correlation between QLM and TLS, in general TLS are strongly non-linear and their global properties cannot be predicted by a simple normal mode analysis.
Evaluation Of Several Scaling Techniques For Better FEC Code WER Estimate Using DAIS
Creators: name: Kumar, Kausun
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2008
Subjects: Engineering, Electronics and Electrical(0544)
DAIS
Wireless
Monte Carlo
FEC
WER

description: Over the past decade, technological advancements in wireless communications have increased dramatically. From second generation to third generation wireless networks, the demand for data across wireless networks has increased. However, with this dramatic increase, cellular operators have imposed stringent requirements on error rates of communication systems. To fulfill such requirements it is imperative to employ forward error correction (FEC) techniques. New FEC codes and decoding techniques have also hastened the generation of such dramatic increases in communication speeds. However, before codes can be deployed in the field, their word error rate (WER) performances need to be evaluated. Dual adaptive importance sampling (DAIS) is an importance sampling technique developed at UMBC that uses two complimentary simulations - unconstrained and constrained - to evaluate WER performances of FEC codes. The main advantage of DAIS, as in any importance sampling technique, is its ability to estimate low WERs in a reasonable time. To compute WER estimate from DAIS simulations we use a scaling factor computation (scaling) technique that estimates the scale factor relating the results from the unconstrained and the constrained simulations. In the thesis, we use DAIS to evaluate various scaling techniques to obtain a better word error rate (WER) estimate for forward error correcting (FEC) codes used on a binary phase-shift-keying (BPSK) channel with additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and frequency non-selective, slow Raleigh-fading. Soft-decision iterative decoding based on the sum-product algorithm is the decoding technique used. We explain the deficiencies of the original scaling technique and analyze its flaws to determine a reliable way to evaluate WER estimates for any FEC code. We present four different scaling techniques: A, B, C, and D for a detailed study, and evaluate these four scaling techniques for three FEC codes of different codelengths: RCD (h = 5) code, (96,50) LDPC code, and 4D SPCP code. We conclude with a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of all the scaling techniques. Based on the performance of the four scaling techniques for the three FEC codes, we see that scaling technique A cannot be reliably used to obtain accurate WER estimates. Scaling technique B gives accurate results for lower SNR values, but have impractical simulation times at higher SNR values. Scaling technique C gives the least accurate results across all the FEC codes and SNR ranges considered. Scaling technique D gives the best and the most accurate WER estimates of all the FEC codes and SNR ranges considered. We recommend scaling technique D to be used with DAIS simulations to obtain WER estimates for FEC codes.
Evaluation of Self-Calibrated Cartesian SENSE Methods for Parallel MRI
Creators: name: Wang, Jiazheng
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2009
Subjects: aliasing-artifacts
noise
phase-errors
pMRI
SENSE

description: Magnetic Resonance Imaging ( MRI) is widely used as a clinical diagnostic tool for  many benefits it features. Compared to other popular imaging techniques such as  Computed Tomography ( CT), MRI is non- invasive, non- ionizing radiation, and is able to  give the best soft tissue contrast. Because of such advantages, MRI has been a focus of  researchers and improved dramatically over the years. These improvements in turn have  contributed to the progress in clinical diagnosis.  However, imaging speed is still one of the remaining major concerns in MRI. Long  scanning time can be uncomfortable for patients, may lead to patient motion, which yield  artifacts in resulting images and decreases clinical throughput. To address this issue,  many algorithms have been developed to shorten the scan time, among which parallel  MRI ( pMRI) is one that holds promise. Parallel imaging is a method that exploits the  redundancy that exists in traditional MRI data by using multiple receiver channels. The  data is sub- sampled and the spatial sensitivity information of each channel can be  reconstructed to yield an artifact- free image.  One of most commonly used parallel imaging methods is Sensitivity Encoding  ( SENSE) developed by Preussman, et al., in 1999, based on which a series of algorithms  have been developed over the decade. Most of the algorithms focused on the noise issues  in reconstructed images, while others also involved the concerns in phase component of  the complex MRI image. This Thesis implements five different SENSE algorithms and  makes systematic comparisons among them, with evaluations given both visually and  quantitatively. This work also addresses the reconstruction speed of each of the  algorithms, which is an important feature for clinical MRI. The results of those  comparisons then lead to the investigation into noise and aliasing artifacts, which are the  two major problems in SENSE reconstruction. Through a series of experiments, this  thesis discusses the various sources of noise and artifacts as well as the varying effects of  these sources on the resulting images. This work shows that noise and aliasing artifacts  are actually two different kinds of perturbations to reconstructed images from very  different sources. Finally, one problem remaining in SENSE is that there is no standard  method of quantitative assessment of aliasing artifacts in the final images, other than a  general SNR value or the g- factor map. However, the SNR values can be heavily biased  by the chosen of regions of interest and the g- factor map is a measurement of noise  amplification of the noise across the image, both of which are not assessment specifically  for aliasing artifacts. To address this issue, this thesis introduces a metric for aliasing  artifacts in the reconstructed images for research purposes.
The race question in Oceania : A. B. Meyer and Otto Finsch between metropolitan theory and field experience, 1865-1914
Creators: name: Howes, Hilary Susan
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: GN662.H69 2011
subject: Meyer, Adolf Bernhard, 1840-1911 Criticism and interpretation
subject: Finsch, O. 1839-1917 (Otto), Criticism and interpretation
subject: Ethnology History 19th century.Oceania
subject: Ethnology History 20th century.Oceania
subject: Ethnology Fieldwork Oceania.
subject: Race Social aspects History 19th century.Oceania
subject: Race Social aspects History 20th century.Oceania

description: This thesis examines the written, visual and material records produced by two late nineteenth-century German traveller-naturalists in Oceania, Adolf Bernhard Meyer (1840-1911) and Otto Finsch (1839-1917). I probe these records for traces of Indigenous agency and discuss the impacts of their authors' personal encounters with actual Oceanian people on their understandings of human difference, locating this discussion within the context of racial science in late nineteenth-century Europe and the complex relationship between field experience and metropolitan publication and reception. By identifying countersigns of Indigenous agency embedded in Meyer's and Finsch' s representations of their experiences in Oceania, I trace the ways in which these experiences informed their contributions to broader debates in the European metropoles: the unity or plurality of the human species, the breadth of variation within supposedly homogeneous 'races' and the extent of overlap between them, the importance of field experience in the human sciences, the standardisation and mobilisation of travellers' observations for metropolitan audiences, and the relative worth of physical, cultural and linguistic data for taxonomic purposes. I interrogate the processes by which racial knowledge about Oceania's inhabitants was produced from the 'raw material' of encounters, the various forms in which this knowledge was embodied - scientific monographs and journal articles, public lectures, sketches, photographs, plaster casts (moulages) of human faces, collections of cranial and skeletal materials -and the extent to which field experience was permitted to confront or contradict metropolitan theories of race. I show that Meyer and Finsch experienced profound transformations in their beliefs about human difference, with respect both to manners and customs and to physical features, as a result of their encounters with actual people in Oceania. I conclude, however, that their ability to communicate these changes to influential colleagues in the metropole was limited by a rigid professional vocabulary, essentialist tools and technologies, and an epistemologically and ideologically unreceptive audience.
Estimation of Effective Spectral Dimensionality for Hyperspectral Imagery
Creators: name: Xiong, Wei
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2011
Subjects: Dimension Estimation
Endmember Extraction
Hyperspectral Imagery

description: Due to its use of hundreds of contiguous spectral channels, a hyperspectral imaging sensor can now uncover many material substances which cannot be identified by prior knowledge or by visual inspection. Therefore, it is very challenging and difficult to determine how many spectral signal sources are present in a hyperspectral image. The research in this dissertation investigates this problem and is directed toward estimation of effective spectral dimensionality (ESD) of hyperspectral imagery, which can be considered as an extension of virtual dimensionality (VD) recently introduced by Chang and Du in hyperspectral imagery. In doing so, the orthogonal subspace projection (OSP) is first introduced to estimate VD, where the spectrally distinct signatures, called virtual endmembers (VE) can be obtained at the same time during the process. A similar concept to OSP is further explored for VD estimation where the maximum orthogonal complement algorithm (MOCA) is developed. It turns out that the MOCA is a variation of automatic target generation process (ATGP) implemented coupled with Neyman-Pearson detector along with  super-Gaussian noise assumption. The high-order statistics is the further studied where the Harsany-Farrand-Chang (HFC) algorithm used to estimate the VD is extended to high-order statistics HFC algorithm where the probability distributions under the Neyman-Pearson test are obtained by MOCA. In order to demonstrate the utility of the ESD, endmember extraction is used as an application for experiments. In order to efficiently implement the N-FINDR several fast algorithms of N-FINDR are developed to reduce computational complexity. These include re-derivations of four sequential versions of N-FINDR and three different effective ways to calculate matrix determinants involved in simplex volume computation. Finally, to conclude this dissertation, an FPGA design of N-FINDR is investigated for potential hardware implementation. Since N-FINDR does not have prior knowledge of the number of endmembers, p required to generate, a direct FPGA implementation of the N-FINDR is unrealistic. In this case, the FPGA implementation for a sequential version of N-FINDR, Simplex Growing Algorithm (SGA) is investigated as an alternative to resolve this issue. It turns out that the FPGA of the SGA can be implemented in such a way that the value of the p can vary with different data sets, a task that cannot be accomplished by any FPGA design of N-FINDR.
Elliptic Schlesinger system and Painlev{é} VI
Creators: name: Chernyakov, Yu.
name: Levin, A. M.
name: Olshanetsky, M.
name: Zotov, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct an elliptic generalization of the Schlesinger system (ESS) with positions of marked points on an elliptic curve and its modular parameter as independent variables (the parameters in the moduli space of the complex structure). ESS is a non-autonomous Hamiltonian system with pair-wise commuting Hamiltonians. The system is bihamiltonian with respect to the linear and the quadratic Poisson brackets. The latter are the multi-color generalization of the Sklyanin-Feigin-Odeskii classical algebras. We give the Lax form of the ESS. The Lax matrix defines a connection of a flat bundle of degree one over the elliptic curve with first order poles at the marked points. The ESS is the monodromy independence condition on the complex structure for the linear systems related to the flat bundle. The case of four points for a special initial data is reduced to the Painlev{é} VI equation in the form of the Zhukovsky-Volterra gyrostat, proposed in our previous paper.
description: 16 pages; Dedicated to the centenary of the publication of the Painleve VI equation in the Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences de Paris by Richard Fuchs in 1905
Influence of an inner disc on the orbital evolution of massive planets migrating in resonance
Creators: name: Crida, A.
name: Sándor, Zs.
name: Kley, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formation of resonant pairs of planets in exoplanetary systems involves planetary migration in the protoplanetary disc. After a resonant capture, the subsequent migration in this configuration leads to a large increase of planetary eccentricities if no damping mechanism is applied. This has led to the conclusion that the migration of resonant planetary systems cannot occur over large radial distances and has to be terminated sufficiently rapidly through disc dissipation. In this study, we investigate whether the presence of an inner disc might supply an eccentricity damping of the inner planet, and if this effect could explain the observed eccentricities in some systems. To investigate the influence of an inner disc, we first compute hydrodynamic simulations of giant planets orbiting with a given eccentricity around an inner gas disc, and measure the effect of the latter on the planetary orbital parameters. We then perform detailed long term calculations of the GJ 876 system. We also run N-body simulations with artificial forces on the planets mimicking the effects of the inner and outer discs. We find that the influence of the inner disc can not be neglected, and that it might be responsible for the observed eccentricities. In particular, we reproduce quite well the orbital parameters of a few systems engaged in 2:1 mean motion resonances: GJ 876, HD 73526, HD 82943 and HD 128311. Finally, we derive analytically the effect that the inner disc should have on the inner planet to reach a specific orbital configuration with a given damping effect of the outer disc on the outer planet.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics. 13 pages, 15 figures
Estimating Temporal Boundaries for Events using Social Media Data
Creators: name: Iyengar, Akshaya Murali
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2011
Subjects: event boundary
hidden markov models
social media
support vector machines
temporal boundary
Twitter

description: Social media services like Twitter, Flickr and YouTube publish high volumes of user generated content as a major event occurs, making them a potential data source for event analysis. The unmanageable volume and noisy content of social media makes automatic preprocessing essential. Intuitively, the event-related data falls into three major phases: the buildup to the event, the event itself, and the post-event effects and repercussions. We describe an approach to automatically determine when an anticipated event started and ended by analyzing the content of tweets. We identify the characteristics of the data and the key challenges of using user generated content for our problem. We propose and evaluate different features useful for boundary estimation. We train support vector machines (SVM) to classify the tweets into the three temporal phases. We then develop an algorithm to predict the boundaries on the classified tweets while minimizing errors. We evaluate our performance by predicting event boundaries on Twitter data for six events in the domains of sports, weather and social events. Finally, we build a general classifier for sports and show that our results are comparable to the individual event classifiers.
The Nature of Interstellar Gas toward the Pleiades Revealed in Absorption Lines
Creators: name: Ritchey, A. M.
name: Martinez, M.
name: Pan, K.
name: Federman, S. R.
name: Lambert, D. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present high-resolution, high signal to noise absorption-line observations of CN, Ca II, Ca I, CH^+, and CH along twenty lines of sight toward members of the Pleiades. The acquired data enable the most detailed study to date of the interaction between cluster stars and the surrounding interstellar gas. Total equivalent widths are consistent with previous investigations except where weaker features are detected owing to our greater sensitivity. Mean b-values for the molecular species indicate that toward most of the Pleiades CH is associated with the production of CH^+ rather than CN. An analysis of radial velocities reveals a kinematic distinction between ionized atomic gas and molecular and neutral gas. Molecular components are found with velocities in the local standard of rest of either ~ +7 km s^-1 or ~ +9.5 km s^-1, with the higher-velocity components associated with the strongest absorption. Atomic gas traced by Ca II shows a strong central component at v_LSR ~ +7 km s^-1 exhibiting velocity gradients indicative of cloud-cluster interactions. Gas density estimates derived from measured CH/CH^+ column density ratios show good agreement with those inferred from H_2 rotational populations, yielding typical values of n ~ 50 cm^-3. Our models do not include the important time-dependent effects on CH^+ formation which may ultimately be needed to extract physical conditions in these clouds.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures, emulateapj style, Accepted for publication in ApJ
The Binary INformation from Open Clusters Using SEDs (BINOCS) Project: Reliable Photometric Mass Determinations of Binary Star Systems in Clusters
Creators: name: Thompson, Benjamin
name: Frinchaboy, Peter M.
name: Spoo, Taylor
name: Donor, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a new binary detection technique, Binary INformation from Open Clusters using SEDs (binocs), which we show is able to determine reliable stellar multiplicity and masses over a much larger mass range than current approaches. This new technique determines accurate component masses of binary and single systems of the open clusters main sequence by comparing observed magnitudes from multiple photometric filters to synthetic star spectral energy distributions (SEDs) allowing systematically probing the binary population for low mass stars in clusters for 8 well-studied open clusters. We provide new deep, infrared photometric catalogs (1.2 - 8.0 microns) for the key open clusters NGC 1960 (M36), NGC 2099 (M37), NGC 2420, and NGC2682 (M67), using observation from NOAO/NEWFIRM and Spitzer}/IRAC. Using these deep multi-wavelength catalogs, the binocs method is applied to these clusters to determine accurate component masses for unresolved cluster binaries. We explore binary fractions as a function of cluster age, Galactic location and metallicity.
description: 22 pages, 21 figures, AJ accepted
Gemeinsame interreligiöse Erklärung zum 75. Jahrestag der Atombombenabwürfe von Hiroshima und Nagasaki
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 69 Nr. 4 (2020): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 69, Heft 4
Renormalizability and Phenomenology of theta-expanded Noncommutative Gauge Field Theory
Creators: name: Trampetic, Josip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article we consider theta-expanded noncommutative gauge field theory, constructed at the first order in noncommutative parameter theta, as an effective, anomaly free theory, with one-loop renormalizable gauge sector. Related phenomenology with emphasis on the standard model forbidden decays, is discussed. Experimental possibilities of Z -> gamma gamma decay are analyzed and a firm bound to the scale of the noncommutativity parameter is set around few TeV's.
description: 10 pages
Exploration of Utility of Data Dimensionality in Multispectral and Hyperspectral Image Classification
Creators: name: Liu, Keng-Hao
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2008
Subjects: Engineering, Electronics and Electrical (0544)

description: Multispectral image classification has been widely used in land cover/land use in remote sensing community for various applications. Hyperspectral image classification is recently developed for target detection and classification with particular interest in man-made rather than natural targets. Due to different focuses in applications, their utilities are also different. Unfortunately, a common consensus seems to mislead to a misconception that hyperspectral image classification seems a natural extension of multispectral image classification. As a result, it is expected that many multispectral image processing techniques are readily applied to hyperspectral image processing via simple straightforward extensions. This thesis shows otherwise by investigating and exploring the basic design philosophy in processing multispectral and hyperspectral images in how to effectively use data dimensionality. Due to the use of an insufficient number of spectral channels for data collection multispectral image processing generally requires dimensionality expansion for data accommodation and analysis. Two approaches are developed for this purpose, Band Generation Process (BGP) for spectral band dimensionality expansion and kernel-based Principal Components Analysis (KPCA) for feature dimensionality expansion. To the contrary, due to overwhelming spectral information provided by hundreds of contiguous spectral channels hyperspectral image processing generally requires data dimensionality reduction in which case determining number of dimensions, q required to be retained becomes crucial prior to hyperspectral image processing. To address this issue a recently developed concept, called Virtual Dimensionality (VD) is used to estimate the value of q. Once the q is determined, two approaches to dimensionality reduction can be derived, band selection and components analysis which can be viewed as counterparts of BGP and KPCA respectively developed for multispectral image processing, band expansion and feature dimensionality expansion. Finally, this thesis concludes by conducting extensive experiments-based study and analysis to demonstrate that multispectral imaging and hyperspectral imaging are actually two different techniques.
Engineering Practical End-to-End Verifiable Voting Systems
Creators: name: Carback III, Richard Thomas
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2010
Subjects: computer security
cryptographic voting systems
election systems
end-to-end voting systems
scantegrity
voting

description: We designed, built, tested, and fielded a vote counting system called Scantegrity. Scantegrity is part of a new class of end-to-end (E2E) verifiable voting systems. E2E verifiable systems are designed to solve chain of custody problems in elections by providing a privacy-preserving receipt to each voter. The voter can use the receipt to check a public record and verify that his or her ballot is counted without revealing the selected candidate. The public record gives election officials the ability to provide a strong, universally-accessible audit of the results, enabling transparent, verifiable elections that maintain privacy expectations. E2E systems offer radical improvements to integrity and transparency of election systems, and the adoption of E2E systems in public-sector elections can improve outcome integrity. In our design, we carefully considered the balance between usability and security issues, and we discuss the changes we made to implement the system. We examined the implementation through the results of a practical test of Scantegrity in a mock election in April 2009, which evaluated the system's performance and surveyed the election participants about their experience with the system. We describe a number of changes we made to the system as a result of this test. For example, Scantegrity required better printing technology and a tally reconciliation system. We evaluated the modified system a second time by fielding it in the Takoma Park, Maryland, November 2009 municipal election, where we were able to survey voters and observe events throughout election day. In addition to examining the performance of the system during election day, we analyzed the survey results and found that most voters felt positively about the system despite some problems when taking advantage of the new features. We suggest further improvement to the usability of Scantegrity by proposing and analyzing the addition of an automatic receipt printer in different configurations. To design the receipt printer, we took advantage of protections provided by the Trusted Computing platform that improve the reliability and robustness of the component. The final system automatically provides each voter a privacy-preserving receipt that can be used to verify each ballot has been counted properly.
Focus and adpositions
Creators: name: Koutouan, Evelyne
name: Jarvis, Rebecca
name: Russell, Katherine
name: Kouadio, Timothée
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: ebr

description: Elicitation of various contexts involving subject and object focus with both nouns and pronouns, as well as adpositions.
Qubit feedback and control with kicked quantum nondemolition measurements: A quantum Bayesian analysis
Creators: name: Jordan, Andrew N.
name: Korotkov, Alexander N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The informational approach to continuous quantum measurement is derived from POVM formalism for a mesoscopic scattering detector measuring a charge qubit. Quantum Bayesian equations for the qubit density matrix are derived, and cast into the form of a stochastic conformal map. Measurement statistics are derived for kicked quantum nondemolition measurements, combined with conditional unitary operations. These results are applied to derive a feedback protocol to produce an arbitrary pure state after a weak measurement, as well as to investigate how an initially mixed state becomes purified with and without feedback.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures
Das uneingelöste Versprechen - Stellungnahme zu 30 Jahren friedliche Revolution
Creators: name: Falcke, Heino
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 69 Nr. 4 (2020): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 69, Heft 4
On the Large-Scale Structure of the Universe as given by the Voronoi Diagrams
Creators: name: Zaninetti, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The size distributions of 2D and 3D Voronoi cells and of cells of $V_p(2,3)$,--2D cut of 3D Voronoi diagram--are explored, with the single-parameter (re-scaled) gamma distribution playing a central role in the analytical fitting. Observational evidence for a cellular universe is briefly reviewed. A simulated $V_p(2,3)$ map with galaxies lying on the cell boundaries is constructed to compare, as regards general appearance, with the observed CFA map of galaxies and voids, the parameters of the simulation being so chosen as to reproduce the largest observed void size.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures. Chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics to be published
Energy Efficient Node Engagement Strategies for Achieving  Data Fidelity in Wireless Sensor Networks
Creators: name: Sapre, Namita Shrinivas
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2010
Subjects: Base Station
Consensus of neighbors
Data Fidelity
Energy Conservation
Kalman Filter
Wireless Sensor Networks

description: Sensor networks have gained importance in tracking of vital information. The accuracy of the sensor readings plays a major role in crucial applications like military and defense operations, environment monitoring where the error margin has to be extremely small. In addition, the employed sensor nodes are typically constrained in their computation, communication and energy capacities and there is usually a need for managing the sensor activities to utilize the limited resources in a judicious manner. Therefore, a participation criterion of the sensor nodes to balance the fidelity of the collected data and the interest on conserving the nodes' resources is important. This thesis presents a novel node engagement strategy. The idea is to convoy a subset of the collected data reports while ensuring the consensus of the nodes. Basically, nodes rotate the transmission duties among the neighbors in the vicinity. The data sent to the base-station will be based on the readings of the designated sensor. The neighboring nodes will act as passive listeners and stay quiet if the data is not deviating more than a threshold from their measurements which implies their endorsement of the accuracy of what the base-station will get. Otherwise, a subset of these nodes will come forward and transmit their readings so that the base-station will can aggregate and make the right conclusion. The proposed approach is validated through simulation. The validation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach in terms of network lifetime and responsiveness to any drops in data fidelity.
Transmission and Reflection of Bose-Einstein Condensates Incident on a Gaussian Potential Barrier
Creators: name: Martin, A. M.
name: Scott, R. G.
name: Fromhold, T. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate how Bose-Einstein condensates, whose initial state is either irrotational or contains a single vortex, scatter off a one-dimensional Gaussian potential barrier. We find that for low atom densities the vortex structure within the condensate is maintained during scattering, whereas at medium and high densities, multiple additional vortices can be created by the scattering process, resulting in complex dynamics and disruption of the atom cloud. This disruption originates from two different mechanisms associated respectively with the initial rotation of the atom cloud and the interference between the incident and reflected matter waves. We investigate how the reflection probability depends on the vorticity of the initial state and on the incident velocity of the Bose-Einstein condensate. To interpret our results, we derive a general analytical expression for the reflection coefficient of a rotating Bose-Einstein condensate that scatters off a spatially-varying one-dimensional potential.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures