cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
For-profit, non-profit, and hybrid : the global emergence of legally 'good' corporations and the Canadian experiment
Creators: name: Liao, Carol
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: There are mounting expectations for corporations to play a role in overcoming barriers to sustainability and socio-economic development. The explosion of social enterprises in the last decade has spawned a new generation of alternative corporations. Legislators across the world are crafting new laws to meet growing demands from social entrepreneurs seeking legal infrastructure to house their social businesses. “Hybrid” corporations blend for-profit and non-profit legal characteristics in their design, enabling and, at times, requiring businesses to pursue dual economic and social mandates. Some hybrids have been met with relative success in their home nations, others have not. The emergence of hybrid corporations challenges the foundational principles of corporate law and shareholder wealth maximization, as well as the nature of the non-profit organization. Corporate hybridity has received little scrutiny in scholarship to date as it is a relatively new institutional phenomenon. This dissertation situates hybrids within the broader context of neoclassical corporate legal theory. The underlying hypothesis is to test whether the creation of hybrids will contribute to the advancement of the social economy to a greater extent than if such entities did not exist. Part One provides historical background on the development and evolution of the shareholder primacy model of governance, both in theory and in practice, and whether there has been global convergence of this model. It explores some of the leading critiques and counter-hegemonic discourses to shareholder primacy and limitations to its reform, as well as the challenges facing the non-profit sector and resulting global emergence of hybrid legal structures. Part Two shifts the focus to Canada, a unique country to study corporate hybridity as some international hybrid forms have been adopted or are being considered. This critical juncture in Canadian corporate history serves as a live experiment on the utility of hybrids. Using qualitative empirical data, this dissertation positions a Canadian model of corporate governance within the international dialogue, and provides early lessons on whether hybrids can serve as catalysts in growing the social economy. Implementation strategies are provided for both domestic and international legislators who are interested in creating new laws to support burgeoning social enterprises.
Harnessing the Peculiarities of the Cas9 Reaction Sequence to Enhance Genome Editing
Creators: name: Clarke, Ryan E
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Targeted manipulation of the mammalian genome has been revolutionized by the RNA-guided nuclease, Cas9, from the S. pyogenes clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system. A biologist can now target virtually any region of the genome to induce mutations, activate or repress transcription, and compact or decompact chromatin. Cas9 activities can be highly multiplexed within a single cell, providing an unprecedented opportunity to manipulate the mammalian genome and to program cellular behaviors. My studies have focused on characterizing and engineering of Cas9 to the understand how our cells interact with it, how to make genome editing more efficient, and how to utilize Cas9 as an interface between the biologist and the genome to program complex cellular behaviors. My biochemical studies were focused on the strange properties the foreign nuclease displays. Specifically, Cas9 stably binds DNA-products, effectively converting it to a single-turnover nuclease. I found this to be the rate limiting step to a genome edit, whereby Cas9 must dissociate from the broken genome for mutagenesis to occur. Cas9 can be removed from the genome by translocating RNA polymerases, or by fusing a cell cycle regulated degradation motif directly to the nuclease to promote its destabilization. These studies have uncovered the essential role that endogenous cellular processes play in affecting the efficiencies of a genome edit. Furthermore, degron associated degradation of Cas9 indicated that Cas9 can be modified to be recognized by the cell. Increasing the efficiency of DNA targeting by Cas9 is a requisite to utilize the nuclease as powerful cellular programming tool. However, there is no ability to control the sequence of Cas9 activities. Considering biological processes exist as sequences of events, the ordering of Cas9 mediated genetic events is required to recreate complex biology outside of the body and to program novel biology in mammalian cells. Working towards this concept, I focused on engineering of the guide RNA rather than Cas9 as, as the guide directs Cas9 activities. By converting guide RNAs into switches (“pGuides”) that exist in the off-start and convert each other into the on-state, cascades of pGuides enabled sequentially regulated Cas9 activities. The cascades work to program up to four sequential mutagenic events in proof of concept experiments. Interestingly, the pGuides also could be repurposed as a means to mutate a site over a 150 day period. This demonstration is a proof of principle for long-term molecular barcoding via Cas9, and increases the capacity of barcoding by 20 fold compared to existing technologies. In summary, my studies uncover mechanisms of genome editing and demonstrate the versatility of the CRISPR/Cas9 system.
title: Ortho_16
Creators: name: Galinand, Cyrille
name: Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne
Publisher: name: Archeovision
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: orthophoto
subject: argentomagus

description: Orthophoto 2019 d'Argentomagus
description: 1 fichier 3D (ply), 71 fichiers image (jpg)
Linear and nonlinear Stark effect in triangular molecule
Creators: name: Bulka, Bogdan R.
name: Kostyrko, Tomasz
name: Luczak, Jakub
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze changes of the electronic structure of a triangular molecule under the influence of an electric field (i.e., the Stark effect). The effects of the field are shown to be anisotropic and include both a linear and a nonlinear part. For strong electron correlations, we explicitly derive exchange couplings in an effective spin Hamiltonian. For some conditions one can find a dark spin state, for which one of the spins is decoupled from the others. The model is also applied for studying electronic transport through a system of three coherently coupled quantum dots. Since electron transfer rates are anisotropic, the current characteristics are anisotropic as well, differing for small and large electric field.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.23.263749v2
Creators: name: Zhao, Xiaofei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 80301 Bioinformatics Software
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 60102 Bioinformatics

description: Additional supplemental data to
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.23.263749v2
A Normative, Spiking Network Model for Neuro-motor Control and Movement Disorder
Creators: name: Penny, Steven G
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: What are the objectives, control architectures and encoded information that govern our everyday volitional movements? For decades, behavioral experimentalists have carefully analyzed human reaching movements under a multitude of conditions and stimuli to understand the hidden control objectives of the brain. Similarly, electrophysiologists have recorded neural firing patterns during reaching movements to understand what individual neurons encode, how they convey information as a population and how they influence the downstream muscle activity. Oftentimes, these results are studied in parallel rather than in conjunction. With our normative approach, we allow hypotheses to prescribe the rules of constructing mathematical models of neuromotor control. These initial hypotheses of the brain’s control architecture have led to scientifically grounded predictions of motor behavior and neural firing patterns. To implement this method, the limb was modeled as a dynamical system that receives its control input from a collection of probabilistically spiking artificial neural networks. These networks are trained to implement hypothesized control schemes in order to move the limb to the target state. The output motor behavior and spiking patterns can then be compared with the observations found in prior studies. Using this method, we have trained models of neural “controllers” that exhibit commonly found phenomena in motor and neuron behavior such as: asymmetric and bell-shaped velocity profiles, directionally tuned firing rates, population vectors, and low dimensional dynamics. We extend this approach to other features of control (state estimators and forward models) to predict neural firing patterns for these features. Additionally, these models are used to test how neuron failure can lead to frequently seen motor behavior pathologies. Here, we show that a normative approach to the study of motor behavior may help accelerate research in this field and bridge the gap between behaviorists and electrophysiologists.
title: Ortho_40 10
Creators: name: Galinand, Cyrille
name: Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne
Publisher: name: Archeovision
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: orthophoto
subject: argentomagus

description: Orthophoto 2019 d'Argentomagus
description: 1 fichier 3D (ply), 37 fichiers image (jpg)
Next-generation Astronomy
Creators: name: Norris, Ray P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fundamental changes are taking place in the way we do astronomy. In twenty years time, it is likely that most astronomers will never go near a cutting-edge telescope, which will be much more efficiently operated in service mode. They will rarely analyse data, since all the leading-edge telescopes will have pipeline processors. And rather than competing to observe a particularly interesting object, astronomers will more commonly group together in large consortia to observe massive chunks of the sky in carefully designed surveys, generating petabytes of data daily. We can imagine that astronomical productivity will be higher than at any previous time. PhD students will mine enormous survey databases using sophisticated tools, cross-correlating different wavelength data over vast areas, and producing front-line astronomy results within months of starting their PhD. The expertise that now goes into planning an observation will instead be devoted to planning a foray into the databases. In effect, people will plan observations to use the Virtual Observatory. Here I examine the process of astronomical discovery, take a crystal ball to see how it might change over the next twenty years, and identify further opportunities for the future, as well as identifying pitfalls against which we must remain vigilant.
description: Paper presented at "Accelerating the Rate of Astronomical Discovery", Special Session 5 of the IAU GA, August 11-14, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Synthesis and Analysis of Model Complexes of the Active Site of Nitrous Oxide Reductase
Creators: name: Rathnayaka, Suresh Chandranath
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Nitrous Oxide (N2O) is a leading cause for global warming and ozone layer depletion. The environmental impact of N2O could be mitigated by controlling its emission, accumulation and understanding its metabolism. The anaerobic denitrification pathway involves converting the harmful N2O to N2 and H2O by an enzyme called Nitrous Oxide Reductase (N2OR). The 2e-, 2H+ catalytic reduction of N2O to N2 and H2O is carried out at the tetracopper sulfur [Cu4(μ4-S)] active site (CuZ) of N2OR. The synthetic model complexes of CuZ could be an excellent tool to investigate the structural and the mechanistic features, which could otherwise be hindered by the complexity of the enzyme system. Herein, we report the synthesis, characterization, reactivity and mechanistic studies of several CuZ synthetic model complexes that are supported by rationally designed small organic ligand systems. The desired structure, nuclearity and redox activity are achieved by fine tuning the steric and electronics of the ligand framework. To date, two of our model complexes remain as the only examples that closely resemble both structure and function of the active site of N2OR. Altogether, the experimental, crystallographic, spectroscopic and theoretical studies of our model complexes have enlightened and broaden the field of synthetic model systems of CuZ.
Additional file 1 of Good performance of the criteria of American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics/Association for Molecular Pathology in prediction of pathogenicity of genetic variants causing thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections
Creators: name: Ponińska, Joanna Kinga
name: Bilińska, Zofia Teresa
name: Truszkowska, Grażyna
name: Michalak, Ewa
name: Podgórska, Anna
name: Stępień-Wojno, Małgorzata
name: Chmielewski, Przemysław
name: Lutyńska, Anna
name: Płoski, Rafał
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. List of variants identified in TAAD patients. Figure S1. Kaplan–Meier analysis of event free survival in TAAD probands with variants classified as: A P/LP by ACMG (ACMG P/LP DISS) vs. reference group (REF DISS)—event = dissection prior to surgical intervention, Log-Rank Chi-square 5.23, p = 0.022), B P/LP by ACMG (ACMG P/LP PLAN) vs. reference group (REF PLAN)—event = planned prophylactic surgery, Log-Rank Chi-square 7.44, p = 0.0064, C P/LP by ACMG (ACMG P/LP DISS)—event = dissection prior to surgical intervention vs. P/LP by ACMG (ACMG P/LP PLAN) - event = planned prophylactic surgery, Log-Rank Chi-square 1.83, p = 0.18. Figure S2. Kaplan–Meier analysis of event free survival in TAAD probands with LOF variants classified as P/LP by ACMG (ACMG P/LP LOF) vs. missense and small in-frame deletions (ACMG P/LP MIS), Log-Rank Chi-square 4.16, p = 0.041.
The XMM Deep survey in the CDFS I. First results on heavily obscured AGN
Creators: name: Comastri, A.
name: Ranalli, P.
name: Iwasawa, K.
name: Vignali, C.
name: Gilli, R.
name: Georgantopoulos, I.
name: Barcons, X.
name: Brandt, W. N.
name: Brunner, H.
name: Brusa, M.
name: Cappelluti, N.
name: Carrera, F. J.
name: Civano, F.
name: Fiore, F.
name: Hasinger, G.
name: Mainieri, V.
name: Merloni, A.
name: Nicastro, F.
name: Paolillo, M.
name: Puccetti, S.
name: Rosati, P.
name: Silverman, J. D.
name: Tozzi, P.
name: Zamorani, G.
name: Balestra, I.
name: Bauer, F. E.
name: Luo, B.
name: Xue, Y. Q.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first results of the spectroscopy of distant, obscured AGN as obtained with the ultra-deep (~3.3 Ms) XMM-Newton survey in the Chandra Deep Field South (CDFS). One of the primary goals of the project is to characterize the X-ray spectral properties of obscured and heavily obscured Compton-thick AGN over the range of redhifts and luminosities that are relevant in terms of their contribution to the X-ray background. The ultra-deep exposure, coupled with the XMM detector's spectral throughput, allowed us to accumulate good quality X-ray spectra for a large number of X-ray sources and, in particular, for heavily obscured AGN at cosmological redshifts. Specifically we present the X-ray spectral properties of two high-redshift - z= 1.53 and z=3.70 - sources. The XMM spectra of both are very hard, with a strong iron Kalpha line at a rest-frame energy of 6.4 keV. A reflection-dominated continuum provides the best description of the X-ray spectrum of the z=1.53 source, while the intrinsic continuum of the z=3.70 AGN is obscured by a large column N_H ~ 10^24 cm-2 of cold gas. Compton-thick absorption, or close to it, is unambiguously detected in both sources. Interestingly, these sources would not be selected as candidate Compton thick AGN by some multiwavelength selection criteria based on the mid-infrared to optical and X-ray to optical flux ratios.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, 1 table. Minor changes applied to match the published version [A&A 526, L9 (2011)]
Higgs Production from Gluon Fusion in Warped Extra Dimensions
Creators: name: Azatov, Aleksandr
name: Toharia, Manuel
name: Zhu, Lijun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of the loop-induced couplings of the Higgs boson to the massless gauge fields (gluons and photons) in the warped extra dimension models where all Standard Model fields propagate in the bulk. We show that in such models corrections to the hgg and $hγγ$ couplings are potentially very large. These corrections can lead to generically sizable deviations in the production and decay rates of the Higgs boson, even when the new physics states lie beyond the direct reach of the LHC.
description: 24 pages, 5 figures. Added Appendix C, minor changes in the text, replaced figures 2-5
Afterlife of a mine : the tangled legacies of the Britannia mine
Creators: name: Rhatigan, James
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: What happens to mining towns and their environments after they close? This question draws attention to both the social and cultural afterlives of mined landscapes, as well as the environmental legacies that follow mine closures. In this thesis, I explore these issues through a case study of the former copper mining town of Britannia Beach, BC. Located 30km north of Vancouver, on the eastern shore of Howe Sound, copper mining began at Britannia Beach with the opening of the Britannia mine in 1905. Production continued for the next 70 years, and at its peak, the Britannia mine was widely considered to be the largest copper producer in the British Commonwealth. Following its closure in 1974, the mine was redeveloped as a museum and heritage site, celebrating the history of mining at the Britannia and in BC. However, the site’s mining past continued to define and shape Britannia’s afterlife in other less celebratory ways. In the years after the mine closed, Britannia became mired in controversy over its longstanding pollution problems in the form of acid mine drainage. In examining the afterlife of this formerly mined site, I trace out the history of both of these legacies: cultural and environmental. I detail the redevelopment of the old mine as a museum and heritage site, and trace out ways in which the state and the mine’s various owners negotiated and developed remediation projects in order to address Britannia’s environmental issues. I focus on the tensions, conflicts and controversies that emerged between these cultural and environmental legacies -- between the desire to preserve and commemorate Britannia’s mining past and the need to remediate the mine. In tracing out the interplay between these dynamic and entangled legacies, I explore the ways in which different narratives of place, the past and the future were articulated through processes of commemoration and remediation.
Electron-positron energy deposition rate from neutrino pair annihilation on the rotation axis of neutron and quark stars
Creators: name: Kovacs, Z.
name: Cheng, K. S.
name: Harko, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the deposition of energy due to the annihilations of neutrinos and antineutrinos on the rotation axis of rotating neutron and quark stars, respectively. The source of the neutrinos is assumed to be a neutrino-cooled accretion disk around the compact object. Under the assumption of the separability of the neutrino null geodesic equation of motion we obtain the general relativistic expression of the energy deposition rate for arbitrary stationary and axisymmetric space-times. The neutrino trajectories are obtained by using a ray tracing algorithm, based on numerically solving the Hamilton-Jacobi equation for neutrinos by reversing the proper time evolution. We obtain the energy deposition rates for several classes of rotating neutron stars, described by different equations of state of the neutron matter, and for quark stars, described by the MIT bag model equation of state and in the CFL (Color-Flavor-Locked) phase, respectively. The electron-positron energy deposition rate on the rotation axis of rotating neutron and quark stars is studied for two accretion disk models (isothermal disk and accretion disk in thermodynamical equilibrium). Rotation and general relativistic effects modify the total annihilation rate of the neutrino-antineutrino pairs on the rotation axis of compact stellar, as measured by an observer at infinity. The differences in the equations of state for neutron and quark matter also have important effects on the spatial distribution of the energy deposition rate by neutrino-antineutrino annihilation.
description: 38 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Twelve-hour spikes from the Crab Pevatron
Creators: name: Balbo, M.
name: Walter, R.
name: Ferrigno, C.
name: Bordas, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims. The Crab nebula displayed a large gamma-ray flare on September 18, 2010. To more closely understand the origin of this phenomenon, we analyze the INTEGRAL (20-500 keV) and FERMI (0.1-300 GeV) data collected almost simultaneously during the flare. Methods. We divide the available data into three different sets, corresponding to the pre-flare period, the flare, and the subsequent quiescence. For each period, we perform timing and spectral analyses to differentiate between the contributions of the pulsar and from the surrounding nebula to the gamma-ray luminosity. Results. No significant variations in the pulse profile and spectral characteristics are detected in the hard X-ray domain. In contrast, we identify three separate enhancements in the gamma-ray flux lasting for about 12 hours and separated by an interval of about two days from each other. The spectral analysis shows that the flux enhancement, confined below ~ 1 GeV, can be modelled by a power-law with a high energy exponential cut-off, where either the cut-off energy or the model normalization increased by a factor of ~ 5 relative to the pre-flare emission. We also confirm that the gamma-ray flare is not pulsed. Conclusions. The timing and spectral analysis indicate that the gamma-ray flare is due to synchrotron emission from a very compact Pevatron located in the region of interaction between the pulsar wind and the surrounding nebula. These are the highest electron energies ever measured in a cosmic accelerator. The spectral properties of the flare are interpreted in the framework of a relativistically moving emitter and/or a harder emitting electron population.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A, 4 pages, 4 figures. v2: corrected typos, results unchanged. In press
4U 0115+63: phase lags and cyclotron resonant scattering
Creators: name: Ferrigno, C.
name: Falanga, M.
name: Bozzo, E.
name: Becker, P. A.
name: Klochkov, D.
name: Santangelo, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High mass X-ray binaries are among the brightest objects of our Galaxy in the high energy domain (0.1-100 keV). Despite our relatively good knowledge of their basic emission mechanisms, the complex problem of understanding their time and energy dependent X-ray emission is not completely solved. In this paper, we study the energy dependent pulse profiles of the high mass X-ray binary pulsar 4U 0115+63 to investigate how they are affected by cyclotron resonant scattering. We analyze archival BeppoSAX and RXTE observations performed during the giant outburst of the source which occurred in 1999. We exploit a cross correlation technique to compare the pulse profiles in different energy ranges and develop a relativistic ray-tracing model to interpret our findings. We also study the phase dependency of the cyclotron absorption features by performing phase resolved spectroscopy. The pulse profiles of 4U 0115+63 displayed clear "phase-lags" at energies close to those of the cyclotron absorption features that characterize the X-ray emission of the source. We reproduce qualitatively this phenomenon by assuming an energy dependent beaming of the emission from the column surface and verify that our model is also compatible with the results of phase resolved spectral analysis. We showed that cyclotron resonant scattering affects the pulse profile formation mechanisms in a complex way, which necessitates both improvements in the modeling and the study of other sources to be better understood.
description: Accepted for publication of Astronomy & Astrophysics. Updated with language editor's comments and further acknowledgements
Cosmic No-Hair Conjecture In Scalar-Tensor Theories
Creators: name: Singh, T.
name: Chaubey, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have shown that, within the context of Scalar-Tensor theories, the anisotropic Bianchi-type cosmological models evolve towards de Sitter universe. A similar result holds in the case of cosmology in Lyra manifold. Thus the analogue of cosmic no-hair theorem of Wald (1983) hold in both the cases. In fact, during inflation there is no difference between scalar-tensor theories, Lyra's manifold and general relativity (GR).
description: This paper has been withdrawn
Screening effects on the excitonic instability in graphene
Creators: name: Gonzalez, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the excitonic instability in the theory of Dirac fermions in graphene with long-range Coulomb interaction. We analyze the electron-hole vertex relevant for exciton condensation in the ladder approximation, showing that it blows up at a critical value of the interaction strength α= e^2/4πv_F sensitive to further many-body corrections. Under static screening of the interaction, we find that taking into account electron self-energy corrections increases the critical coupling to α_c \approx 2.09, for a number N = 4 of two-component Dirac fermions. We show that the dynamical screening of the interaction has however the opposite effect of enhancing the instability, which turns out to develop then at α_c \approx 0.99 for N = 4, bringing the question of whether that critical value can be reached by the effective coupling in real graphene samples at the low-energy scales of the exciton condensation.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, more references added
Additional file 1 of The prevalence, risk factors and outcomes of anaemia in South African pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Dorsamy, Vinogrin
name: Bagwandeen, Chauntelle
name: Moodley, Jagidesa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Sub group analysis by province.
Additional file 2 of The prevalence, risk factors and outcomes of anaemia in South African pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Dorsamy, Vinogrin
name: Bagwandeen, Chauntelle
name: Moodley, Jagidesa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. Search strategy.
The Most Massive Galaxies at 3.0
Creators: name: Marchesini, Danilo
name: Whitaker, Katherine E.
name: Brammer, Gabriel
name: van Dokkum, Pieter G.
name: Labbe, Ivo
name: Muzzin, Adam
name: Quadri, Ryan F.
name: Kriek, Mariska
name: Lee, Kyoung-Soo
name: Rudnick, Gregory
name: Franx, Marijn
name: Illingworth, Garth D.
name: Wake, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: [Abridged] We use the NEWFIRM Medium-Band Survey (NMBS) to characterize the properties of a mass-complete sample of 14 galaxies at 3.02.5x10^11 Msun, and to derive more accurate measurements of the high-mass end of the stellar mass function (SMF) of galaxies at z=3.5, with significantly reduced contributions from photometric redshift errors and cosmic variance to the total error budget of the SMF. The typical very massive galaxy at z=3.5 is red and faint in the observer's optical, with median r=26.1, and rest-frame U-V=1.6. About 60% of the sample have optical colors satisfying either the U- or the B-dropout color criteria, although ~50% of these galaxies have r>25.5. About 30% of the sample has SFRs from SED modeling consistent with zero. However, >80% of the sample is detected at 24 micron, with total infrared luminosities in the range (0.5-4.0)x10^13 Lsun. This implies the presence of either dust-enshrouded starburst activity (with SFRs of 600-4300 Msun/yr) and/or highly-obscured active galactic nuclei (AGN). The contribution of galaxies with M_star>2.5x10^11 Msun to the total stellar mass budget at z=3.5 is ~8%. We find an evolution by a factor of 2-7 and 3-22 from z~5 and z~6, respectively, to z=3.5. The previously found disagreement at the high-mass end between observed and model-predicted SMFs is now significant at the 3sigma level. However, systematic uncertainties dominate the total error budget, with errors up to a factor of ~8 in the densities, bringing the observed SMF in marginal agreement with the predicted SMF. Additional systematic uncertainties on the high-mass end could be introduced by either 1) the intense star-formation and/or the very common AGN activities as inferred from the MIPS 24 micron detections, and/or 2) contamination by a significant population of massive, old, and dusty galaxies at z~2.6.
description: 20 pages, 11 figures. Accepted in ApJ. Minor changes to colors of figures to match accepted version
Εφαρμογή Ευθυγράμμισης Γενετικών Ακολουθιών Μέσω των Νέας Γενιάς Μεθόδων Προσδιορισμού Γονότυπου σε Υψηλής Απόδοσης Υπολογιστή με Χρήση του Burrows Wheeler Aligner Αλγόριθμου
Creators: name: Cleanthous, P.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014

description: Το μεγάλο ενδιαφέρον για την κατανόηση του τεράστιου όγκου πληροφοριών που προέρχονται από την μελέτη του γονιδιώματος των οργανισμών, οδήγησε στην ανάγκη για μελέτη των περιοχών του DNA για την εύρεση πιθανών αιτιών που προκαλούν διάφορες ασθένειες. Η ανάπτυξη της τεχνολογίας σε υλικό και λογισμικό, μας επιτρέπει πλέον να τρέχουμε πιο απαιτητικές εφαρμογές στους υπολογιστές μας, για την επίλυση πιο περίπλοκων προβλημάτων. Οι νέας γενιάς τεχνολογίες και μέθοδοι προσδιορισμού γονοτύπου, όπως το BWA (Burrows Wheeler Aligner) μπορούν να παραγάγουν εκατομμύρια DNA ακολουθίες με μόνο μια εκτέλεση κάνοντας εφικτό να ληφθεί ολόκληρο το γονιδίωμα του οργανισμού πολύ γρήγορα και σε πολύ προσιτό κόστος [32]. Οι ακολουθίες αυτές μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθούν για τον εντοπισμό γενετικών παραλλαγών, αφού πρώτα ευθυγραμμιστούν (align) σε μια reference genome ακολουθία με τη χρήση αλγορίθμων σε ηλεκτρονικούς υπολογιστές οι οποίοι χρησιμοποιούν προσεγγιστικές μεθόδους ταιριάσματος κειμένου. 2 Επιπρόσθετα η χρήση παραλληλισμού δίνει πρόσθετη επιτάχυνση στην επεξεργασία των δεδομένων για να συμβαδίζει με το ταχέως αυξανόμενο speedup. Η παράλληλη επεξεργασία [2] είναι χρήσιμη επειδή σε σύγκριση με τη σειριακή επεξεργασία, είναι καλύτερη για τη μοντελοποίηση, τη προσομοίωση και την κατανόηση περίπλοκων φαινομένων, όπως η ανάλυση του DNA. Επιπλέον, τα πλεονεκτήματα της παράλληλης επεξεργασίας είναι:

 Η εξοικονόμηση χρόνου και κόστους

 Η επίλυση μεγαλύτερων προβλημάτων που δεν είναι πρακτικό ή δυνατό να λυθούν με τη σειριακή επεξεργασία, ιδιαίτερα αν υπάρχουν όρια στη μνήμη του υπολογιστή.

 Ο συγχρονισμός, καθώς πολλοί υπολογιστές μαζί μπορούν να εκτελούν πολλές διεργασίες ταυτόχρονα
description: Master Theses
The innermost dusty structure in active galactic nuclei as probed by the Keck interferometer
Creators: name: Kishimoto, Makoto
name: Hoenig, Sebastian F.
name: Antonucci, Robert
name: Barvainis, Richard
name: Kotani, Takayuki
name: Tristram, Konrad R. W.
name: Weigelt, Gerd
name: Levin, Ken
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We are now exploring the inner region of Type 1 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with the Keck interferometer in the near-infrared. Adding to the four targets previously studied, we report measurements of the K-band (2.2 um) visibilities for four more targets, namely AKN120, IC4329A, Mrk6, and the radio-loud QSO 3C273 at z=0.158. The observed visibilities are quite high for all the targets, which we interpret as an indication of the partial resolution of the dust sublimation region. The effective ring radii derived from the observed visibilities scale approximately with L^1/2, where L is the AGN luminosity. Comparing the radii with those from independent optical-infrared reverberation measurements, these data support our previous claim that the interferometric ring radius is either roughly equal to or slightly larger than the reverberation radius. We interpret the ratio of these two radii for a given L as an approximate probe of the radial distribution of the inner accreting material. We show tentative evidence that this inner radial structure might be closely related to the radio-loudness of the central engine. Finally, we re-observed the brightest Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC4151. Its marginally higher visibility at a shorter projected baseline, compared to our previous measurements obtained one year before, further supports the partial resolution of the inner structure. We did not detect any significant change in the implied emission size when the K-band flux was brightened by a factor of 1.5 over a time interval of one year.
description: accepted for publication in A&A, after language editing
The Ecohydrological Impacts of Secondary Precipitation Processes
Creators: name: Francois Ritter
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Mean annual precipitation is a major driver of terrestrial primary productivity and has exhibited long-term stationary behavior over land areas. On the contrary, rainfall variability has been impacted by climate change. and in-situ studies have shown its importance on ecosystem productivity. However, existing studies have rarely been performed on continental to global scales due to the difficulty in accounting for external factors varying across biomes such as climatologies, soil characteristic or plant functional traits that influence ecosystem sensitivity to precipitation variance. The ecohydrological role of secondary precipitation processes is therefore investigated in this thesis on continental scales through three distinct projects. The first project quantifies the frequency of dew formation across the US using a novel network of in-situ infrared radiometers. While xeric grasslands receives 1-2 dew events per week independently of air moisture levels, the dew frequency in mesic and tropical grasslands varies from 15% to 95% of dewfall per night depending on relative humidity. Forests show a consistent frequency of dew formation of 25% of the nights due to a denser canopy cover. The second project investigates the impact of rainfall variability on the productivity of five major biomes using a combination of satellite data and a network of rain gauge measurements. Mesic forests and grasslands show decreased productivity of 28% and 7% (respectively) with higher intra-annual rainfall variability, while this sensitivity is halved in response to higher inter-annual variability. Xeric grasslands respond positively to an increase of rainfall variability on an inter-annual scale, but their productivity decrease with more irregular rain within the year. Conversely, boreal forests are the only biome that will be more productive with higher variability on both timescales. The last project is dedicated to the development of a daily rain generator that better captures rainfall variability compared to the most popular generator used by ecohydrologists. The ecological importance of this difference is demonstrated with the use of a soil moisture model. This thesis brings a significant contribution to the ecohydrology field through the development of novel procedures to isolate the impact of secondary precipitation processes on ecosystems.
Reducing low signal-to-noise FUSE spectra: confirmation of Lyman continuum escape from Haro 11
Creators: name: Leitet, E.
name: Bergvall, N.
name: Piskunov, N.
name: Andersson, B-G
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galaxies are believed to be the main providers of Lyman continuum (LyC) photons during the early phases of the cosmic reionization. Little is known however, when it comes to escape fractions and the mechanisms behind the leakage. To learn more one may look at local objects, but so far only one low-z galaxy has shown any sign of emitting LyC radiation. With data from the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE), Bergvall et al. (2006) found an absolute escape fraction of ionizing photons (f_esc) of 4-10% for the blue compact galaxy Haro 11. However, using a newer version of the reduction pipeline on the same data set, Grimes et al. (2007) could not confirm this and derived an upper limit of f_esc \leq 2%. Here, using the last version of the pipeline CalFUSE v3.2, we aim at settling the question if Haro 11 is emitting ionizing radiation to a significant level or not. We also investigate the performance of the reduction pipeline for faint targets such as Haro 11. At these faint flux levels both FUSE and CalFUSE are pushed to their limits, and a detailed analysis was undertaken. We show that non-simultaneous background estimates are insuffient when working with low signal-to-noise data, and a new background model was developed based on a direct fit to the detector response. Applying the new background fit, a significant signal in the LyC emerged in both detector segments covering these wavelengths. Thus, the leakage is confirmed with a flux density of f_900=4.0 *10^{-15} erg/s/cm^2/Å (S/N=4.6), measured on the airglow free regions in the LyC for the night only data. This corresponds to an absolute escape fraction of ionizing photons for Haro 11 of f_esc=3.3 \pm 0.7%. The results were confirmed by investigating the 2D data, the count rates and the residual flux in CII(1036Å).
description: Accepted for publication in A&A. 15 pages, 13 figures
Bianchi Type-I Universe with Wet Dark Fluid
Creators: name: Singh, T.
name: Chaubey, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Bianchi type-I universe filled with dark energy from a wet dark fluid has been considered. A new equation of state for the dark energy component of the universe has been used. It is modeled on the equation of state $p=γ(ρ-ρ_\star)$ which can describe a liquid, for example water. The exact solutions to the corresponding field equations are obtained in quadrature form. The solution for constant deceleration parameter have been studied in detail for power-law and exponential forms both. The cases $γ=1$ and $γ=0$ have been also analysed.
description: This paper has been withdrawn
Equilibrium Computation Techniques for Bridge
Creators: name: Sonzogni, Stefano
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Zero-sum extensive-form games have been widely studied in the scientific literature. For instance, the Libratus bot defeated the top 4 human players of Texas Hold’em Poker on January 2017. However, these techniques do not directly apply to games with 3 or more players, which represent nowadays one of the most challenging problems in artificial intelligence. In this work, we will focus on the Bridge game which presents 2 teams, each composed of 2 players. We will consider parametric versions of Bridge, where the parameter is the number of cards. We will study the limits of counter-factual regret minimization algorithms when applied to these games and we will develop alternative techniques to compute an equilibrium. We will focus on testing ways to estimate subgame values efficiently and effectively.
Expansion Velocity of Ejecta in Tycho's Supernova Remnant Measured by Doppler Broadened X-ray Line Emission
Creators: name: Hayato, Asami
name: Yamaguchi, Hiroya
name: Tamagawa, Toru
name: Katsuda, Satoru
name: Hwang, Una
name: Hughes, John Patrick
name: Ozawa, Midori
name: Bamba, Aya
name: Kinugasa, Kenzo
name: Terada, Yukikatsu
name: Furuzawa, Akihiro
name: Kunieda, Hideyo
name: Makishima, Kazuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the expansion of ejecta in Tycho's supernova remnant (SNR) is consistent with a spherically symmetric shell, based on Suzaku measurements of the Doppler broadened X-ray emission lines. All the strong K_alpha line emission show broader widths at the center than at the rim, while the centroid energies are constant across the remnant (except for Ca). This is the pattern expected for Doppler broadening due to expansion of the SNR ejecta in a spherical shell. To determine the expansion velocities of the ejecta, we applied a model for each emission line feature having two Gaussian components separately representing red- and blue-shifted gas, and inferred the Doppler velocity difference between these two components directly from the fitted centroid energy difference. Taking into account the effect of projecting a three-dimensional shell to the plane of the detector, we derived average spherical expansion velocities independently for the K_alpha emission of Si, S, Ar, and Fe, and K_beta of Si. We found that the expansion velocities of Si, S, and Ar ejecta of 4700+/-100 km/s are distinctly higher than that obtained from Fe K_alpha emission, 4000+/-300 km/s, which is consistent with segregation of the Fe in the inner ejecta. Combining the observed ejecta velocities with the ejecta proper-motion measurements by Chandra, we derived a distance to the Tycho's SNR of 4+/-1 kpc.
description: Accepted to Apj, 25 pages, 7 figures, 5 tables
Refining semantics for multi-stage programming
Creators: name: Ge, Rui
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: Multi-stage programming is a programming paradigm that supports runtime code generation and execution. Though researchers have extended several mainstream programming languages to support it, multi-stage programming has not been widely recognised or used. The popularisation of multi-stage programming has been impeded by the lack of development aids such as code refactoring and optimisation, for which the culprit is the lack of static analysis support. Van Horn and Might proposed a general-purpose approach to systematically developing static analyses for a programming language by applying transformations to its formal semantics, an approach we believe is applicable to multi-stage programming. The approach requires that the initial semantics be specified as an environmental abstract machine that records the change of control strings, environments and continuations as a program evaluates. Developing an environmental abstract machine for a multi-stage language is not straightforward and has not been done so far in the literature. In the thesis, we study multi-stage programming through a functional language, MetaML. The main research problem of the thesis is: Can we refine the pre-existing substitutional natural semantics of MetaML to a corresponding environmental abstract machine and demonstrate their equivalence? We first develop a substitutional structural operational semantics for MetaML. Then we simplify the research problem along two dimensions—each dimension leads to a less complicated semantics refinement problem. The first dimension is to refine semantics for a single-stage language rather than a multi-stage language: we stepwise develop an environmental abstract machine, the CEK machine, for a single-stage language, ISWIM, based on its substitutional structural operational semantics. The second dimension is to derive a substitutional abstract machine rather than an environmental abstract machine: we stepwise develop a substitutional abstract machine, the MK machine, for the multi-stage language MetaML, based on its substitutional structural operational semantics. Finally, utilising the experience of refining semantics along two dimensions, we stepwise develop an environmental abstract machine, the MEK machine, for MetaML, based on its substitutional structural operational semantics. Furthermore, we introduce three proof techniques which are used throughout the thesis to prove the equivalence of semantics.
Additional file 3 of The prevalence, risk factors and outcomes of anaemia in South African pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Dorsamy, Vinogrin
name: Bagwandeen, Chauntelle
name: Moodley, Jagidesa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3. Modification of the Hoy Tool* for risk of bias in prevalence studies.
Galaxy Zoo: Multi-Mergers and the Millennium Simulation
Creators: name: Darg, D. W.
name: Kaviraj, S.
name: Lintott, C. J.
name: Schawinski, K.
name: Silk, J.
name: Lynn, S.
name: Bamford, S.
name: Nichol, R. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a catalogue of 39 multiple-mergers found using the mergers catalogue of the Galaxy Zoo project for $z<0.1$ and compare them to corresponding semi-analytical galaxies from the Millennium Simulation. We estimate the (volume-limited) multi-merger fraction of the local Universe using our sample and find it to be at least two orders of magnitude less than binary-mergers - in good agreement with the simulations (especially the Munich group). We then investigate the properties of galaxies in binary- and multi-mergers (morphologies, colours, stellar masses and environment) and compare these results with those predicted by the semi-analytical galaxies. We find that multi-mergers favour galaxies with properties typical of elliptical morphologies and that this is in qualitative agreement with the models. Studies of multi-mergers thus provide an independent (and largely corroborating) test of the Millennium semi-analytical models.
description: 12 pages. 7 Figures. 2 Tables. Submitted to MNRAS