cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Gastroretentive raft liquid delivery system as a new approach to release extension for carrier-mediated drug
Creators: name: Abouelatta, Samar M.
name: Aboelwafa, Ahmed A.
name: El-Gazayerly, Omaima N.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Gabapentin (GBP), an antiepileptic and anti-neuropathic agent, suffers from short half-life (5–7 h), has narrow absorption window, and is absorbed via carrier-mediated mechanism resulting in frequent dosing, poor compliance, and poor bioavailability (<60%). Moreover, GBP is a freely water-soluble drug, thus it is considered a challenging candidate to be formulated as extended release dosage form. In this study, raft forming systems were investigated as a potential drug delivery system for prolonging gastric residence time of GBP. A 23 full factorial design was adopted to study the effect of formulation variables (% gellan gum, % GMO, and % LM-pectin 101), on the percent of GBP released at different time intervals (1, 5, and 8 h) as well as the gel strength, and thus was achieved an optimized formula with zero-order release profile suitable for once-daily administration. In vivo assessment was performed in rats to evaluate gastric residence of the gel formed. In addition, the oral bioavailability of GBP relative to commercially available Neurontin® immediate release oral solution was also investigated. Significant increase was observed for Cmax, AUC(0–t), and AUC(0–∞). The increase in relative bioavailability of GBP from the optimized formula was 1.7 folds.
Iकिराए की डिग्री से संचालित कालेज बन्द होने चाहिएDr. NEETU SINGH TOMAR, Post Doctoral Fellow, University Grant Commission New Delhi
Creators: name: Tomar, Neetusingh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: किराए की डिग्री से संचालित कालेज बन्द होने चाहिए, Published INSTANT KHABAR.com, Dated 06-08-2019, https://www.instantkhabar.com/item/2019-08-06-nitu-tomar-.html
Modification of translationally controlled tumor protein-derived protein transduction domain for improved intranasal delivery of insulin
Creators: name: Bae, Hae-Duck
name: Lee, Joohyun
name: Jun, Kyu-Yeon
name: Kwon, Youngjoo
name: Lee, Kyunglim
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Carrier peptides, termed protein transduction domains (PTDs), serve as provide promising vehicles for intranasal delivery of macromolecular drugs. A mutant PTD derived from human translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP-PTD 13, MIIFRALISHKK) was reported to provide enhanced intranasal delivery of insulin. In this study, we tested whether its efficiency could be further improved by replacing amino acids in TCTP-PTD 13 or changing the amino acids in the carrier peptides from the l- to the d-form. We assessed the pharmacokinetics of PTD-mediated transmucosal delivery of insulin in normal rats and the activity of insulin in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The safety/toxicity profile of the carrier peptides was evaluated based on the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in nasal wash fluid, body weight changes, and several biochemical parameters. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies showed that the l-form of a double substitution A6L, I8A (MIIFRLLASHKK), designated as l-TCTP-PTD 13M2 was the most effective carrier for intranasal insulin delivery. The relative bioavailability of insulin co-administered intranasally with l-TCTP-PTD 13M2 was 37.1% of the value obtained by the subcutaneous route, which was 1.68-fold higher than for insulin co-administered with l-TCTP-PTD 13. Moreover, co-administration of insulin plus l-TCTP-PTD 13M2 reduced blood glucose levels compared to levels in diabetic rats treated with insulin plus l-TCTP-PTD 13. There was no evidence of toxicity. These results suggest that the newly designed PTD is a useful carrier peptide for the intranasal delivery of drugs or biomolecules.
Analysis of patterns formed by two-component diffusion limited aggregation
Creators: name: Postnikov, E. B.
name: Ryabov, A. B.
name: Loskutov, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider diffusion limited aggregation of particles of two different kinds. It is assumed that a particle of one kind may adhere only to another particle of the same kind. The particles aggregate on a linear substrate which consists of periodically or randomly placed particles of different kinds. We analyze the influence of initial patterns on the structure of growing clusters. It is shown that at small distances from the substrate, the cluster structures repeat initial patterns. However, starting from a critical distance the initial periodicity is abruptly lost, and the particle distribution tends to a random one. An approach describing the evolution of the number of branches is proposed. Our calculations show that the initial patter can be detected only at the distance which is not larger than approximately one and a half of the characteristic pattern size.
description: Accepted for publication in Physical Review E
Spectroscopic Abundances and Membership in the Wolf 630 Moving Group
Creators: name: Bubar, Eric J.
name: King, Jeremy R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The concept of kinematic assemblages evolving from dispersed stellar clusters has remained contentious since Eggen's initial formulation of moving groups in the 1960's. With high quality parallaxes from the Hipparcos space astrometry mission, distance measurements for thousands of nearby, seemingly isolated stars are currently available. With these distances, a high resolution spectroscopic abundance analysis can be brought to bear on the alleged members of these moving groups. If a structure is a relic of an open cluster, the members can be expected to be monolithic in age and abundance inasmuch as homogeneity is observed in young open clusters. In this work we have examined 34 putative members of the proposed Wolf 630 moving group using high resolution stellar spectroscopy. The stars of the sample have been chemically tagged to determine abundance homogeneity and confirm the existence of a homogeneous subsample of 19 stars. Fitting the homogeneous subsample with Yale-Yonsei isochrones yields a single evolutionary sequence of $\sim$2.7 $\pm$ 0.5 Gyr. It is concluded that this 19 star subsample of the Wolf 630 moving group sample of 34 stars could represent a dispersed cluster with an $$=-0.01 $\pm$ 0.02 and an age of 2.7 $\pm$ 0.5 Gyr. In addition, chemical abundances of Na and Al in giants are examined for indications of enhancements as observed in field giants of old open clusters, overexcitation/ionization effects are explored in the cooler dwarfs of the sample and oxygen is derived from the infrared triplet and the forbidden line at $λ$6300 Å.
description: 82 pages, 16 figures, 9 tables. Accepted for publication in Astronomical Journal
Development of redox-responsive theranostic nanoparticles for near-infrared fluorescence imaging-guided photodynamic/chemotherapy of tumor
Creators: name: Yang, Xiaoye
name: Shi, Xiaoqun
name: Ji, Jianbo
name: Zhai, Guangxi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer

description: The development of imaging-guided smart drug delivery systems for combinational photodynamic/chemotherapy of the tumor has become highly demanded in oncology. Herein, redox-responsive theranostic polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) were fabricated innovatively using low molecular weight heparin (LWMH) as the backbone. Chlorin e6 (Ce6) and alpha-tocopherol succinate (TOS) were conjugated to LMWH via cystamine as the redox-sensitive linker, forming amphiphilic Ce6-LMWH-TOS (CHT) polymer, which could self-assemble into NPs in water and encapsulate paclitaxel (PTX) inside the inner core (PTX/CHT NPs). The enhanced near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence intensity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation of Ce6 were observed in a reductive environment, suggesting the cystamine-switched “ON/OFF” of Ce6. Also, the in vitro release of PTX exhibited a redox-triggered profile. MCF-7 cells showed a dramatically higher uptake of Ce6 delivered by CHT NPs compared with free Ce6. The improved therapeutic effect of PTX/CHT NPs compared with mono-photodynamic or mono-chemotherapy was observed in vitro via MTT and apoptosis assays. Also, the PTX/CHT NPs exhibited a significantly better in anti-tumor efficiency upon NIR irradiation according to the results of in vivo combination therapy conducted on 4T1-tumor-bearing mice. The in vivo NIR fluorescence capacity of CHT NPs was also evaluated in tumor-bearing nude mice, implying that the CHT NPs could enhance the accumulation and retention of Ce6 in tumor foci compared with free Ce6. Interestingly, the anti-metastasis activity of CHT NPs was observed against MCF-7 cells by a wound healing assay, which was comparable to LMWH, suggesting LMWH was promising for construction of nanocarriers for cancer management.
Cell penetrating peptides: a comparative transport analysis for 474 sequence motifs
Creators: name: Ramaker, Katrin
name: Henkel, Maik
name: Krause, Thorsten
name: Röckendorf, Niels
name: Frey, Andreas
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Delivering reagents into cells is a key demand in molecular medicine. The vehicle of choice is often cell penetrating peptides (CPPs), which can ferry conjugated cargo across membranes. Although numerous peptides have been shown to promote such uptake events, there has been no comprehensive comparison of individual performance under standardized conditions. We have devised a method to rapidly analyze the ability of a multitude of CPP conjugates to carry a model cargo into HeLa cells. Sequence information for 474 CPPs was collected from literature sources, and the respective peptides were synthesized and modified with carboxyfluorescein (FAM) as model cargo. All candidates were evaluated in an identical uptake test, and transport was quantified using cellular fluorescence intensities. Substantial differences in the ability to carry the fluorophore into the cells were observed, with transport performance differing by a factor of 70 between the best CPP investigated and cargo alone. Strong correlations were observed between uptake efficiency and both sequence length and the presence of positive net charge. A compilation of the 20 top performers with regard to cargo delivery performance and cell compatibility is provided.
Interacting Multiple Try Algorithms with Different Proposal Distributions
Creators: name: Casarin, Roberto
name: Craiu, Radu V.
name: Leisen, Fabrizio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a new class of interacting Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms designed for increasing the efficiency of a modified multiple-try Metropolis (MTM) algorithm. The extension with respect to the existing MCMC literature is twofold. The sampler proposed extends the basic MTM algorithm by allowing different proposal distributions in the multiple-try generation step. We exploit the structure of the MTM algorithm with different proposal distributions to naturally introduce an interacting MTM mechanism (IMTM) that expands the class of population Monte Carlo methods. We show the validity of the algorithm and discuss the choice of the selection weights and of the different proposals. We provide numerical studies which show that the new algorithm can perform better than the basic MTM algorithm and that the interaction mechanism allows the IMTM to efficiently explore the state space.
Shararati Prabhutv Aur NetratvDr. NEETU SINGH TOMAR, Post Doctoral Fellow, University Grant Commission New Delhi
Creators: name: Tomar, Neetusingh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Shararati Prabhutv Aur Netratv, IRJMSH, Volume 10 Issue 4
How to probe a fractionally charged quasihole?
Creators: name: Schüller, Christian
name: Brooks, K.-B.
name: Schröter, Patrick
name: Heyn, Christian
name: Heitmann, Detlef
name: Bichler, Max
name: Wegscheider, Werner
name: Chakraborty, Tapash
name: Apalkov, Vladimir M.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Hall effect; Photoluminescence; Fractionally charged particles
subject: 530 Physik
subject: 71.30.+h; 73.43.−f; 73.63.Kv; 73.43.Lp

description: We report an anomalous dispersion of charged excitons in photoluminescence experiments on a two-dimensional electron gas subjected to a quantizing magnetic field around v=1/3. We have found that the anomaly exists only at a very low temperature (0.1 K) and an intermediate electron density (0.9×1011 cm−2). It is explained to occur due to the perturbation of the incompressible liquid at v=1/3. The perturbation is induced by the close proximity of a localized charged exciton which creates a fractionally charged quasihole in the liquid. The intriguing experimentally observed puzzle that the anomaly can be destroyed by applying a small thermal energy of not, vert, similar0.2 meV is thereby resolved, as this energy is enough to close the quasihole energy gap. This work presents a probe of the quasihole gap in a quantum Hall system.
Doxorubicin conjugated with a trastuzumab epitope and an MMP-2 sensitive peptide linker for the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer
Creators: name: You, Yiwen
name: Xu, Zhiyuan
name: Chen, Yun
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: HER2-positive breast cancer correlates with more aggressive tumor growth, a poorer prognosis and reduced overall survival. Currently, trastuzumab (Herceptin), which is an anti-HER2 antibody, is one of the key drugs. There is evidence indicating that conjugation of trastuzumab with chemotherapy drugs, such as doxorubicin (DOX), for multiple targets could be more effective. However, incomplete penetration into tumors has been noted for those conjugates. Compared to an antibody, peptides may represent an attractive alternative. For HER2, a similar potency has been observed for a 12-amino-acid anti-HER2 peptide mimetic YCDGFYACYMDV-NH2 (AHNP, disulfide-bridged) and full-length trastuzumab. Thus, a peptide, GPLGLAGDDYCDGFYACYMDV-NH2, which consists of AHNP and an MMP-2 cleavable linker GPLGLAGDD, was first designed, followed by conjugation with DOX via a glycine residue at the N-terminus to form a novel DOX-peptide conjugate MAHNP-DOX. Using HER2-positive human breast cancer cells BT474 and SKBR3 as in vitro model systems and nude mice with BT474 xenografts as an in vivo model, this conjugate was comprehensively characterized, and its efficacy was evaluated and compared with that of free DOX. As a result, MAHNP-DOX demonstrated a much lower in vitro IC50, and its in vivo extent of inhibition in mice was more evident. During this process, enzymatic cleavage of MAHNP-DOX is critical for its activation and cellular uptake. In addition, a synergistic response was observed after the combination of DOX and AHNP. This effect was probably due to the involvement of AHNP in the PI3K–AKT signaling pathway, which can be largely activated by DOX and leads to anti-apoptotic signals.
Uncovering the regional localization of inhaled salmeterol retention in the lung
Creators: name: Bäckström, Erica
name: Hamm, Gregory
name: Nilsson, Anna
name: Fihn, Britt-Marie
name: Strittmatter, Nicole
name: Andrén, Per
name: Goodwin, Richard J. A.
name: Fridén, Markus
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Treatment of respiratory disease with a drug delivered via inhalation is generally held as being beneficial as it provides direct access to the lung target site with a minimum systemic exposure. There is however only limited information of the regional localization of drug retention following inhalation. The aim of this study was to investigate the regional and histological localization of salmeterol retention in the lungs after inhalation and to compare it to systemic administration. Lung distribution of salmeterol delivered to rats via nebulization or intravenous (IV) injection was analyzed with high-resolution mass spectrometry imaging (MSI). Salmeterol was widely distributed in the entire section at 5 min after inhalation, by 15 min it was preferentially retained in bronchial tissue. Via a novel dual-isotope study, where salmeterol was delivered via inhalation and d3-salmeterol via IV to the same rat, could the effective gain in drug concentration associated with inhaled delivery relative to IV, expressed as a site-specific lung targeting factor, was 5-, 31-, and 45-fold for the alveolar region, bronchial sub-epithelium and epithelium, respectively. We anticipate that this MSI-based framework for quantifying regional and histological lung targeting by inhalation will accelerate discovery and development of local and more precise treatments of respiratory disease.
The targum (1880:Feb.)
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Targum Association
Year: 1880

description: Some University historians indicate that the Targum was first published as an annual in 1867, but of this we have no extant evidence. In January 1869, the Targum as we now know it, made its appearance as a monthly paper that concerned itself with student “literary contributions” and college news as well as serving as a vehicle for bringing news to alumni and the general public. The newspaper, which originally was for sale, varied in frequency over the years as did its title (The Targum, Rutgers Targum, Rutgers Daily Targum, and Daily Targum). The newspaper has continuously been published since 1869 with the exception of 19 months during the second world war, between February 1944 and October 1945. The Targum was published by the students of Rutgers College, and later Rutgers University—New Brunswick represented through the years as the Targum Association, Rutgers Targum Association, and Rutgers College Targum. As a student organization, the Targum operated under the oversight of the dean of students and student government but in October 1980, the Targum became an independent college paper.
Evolutionary algorithms for optimal operation of gas networks
Creators: name: Lee, Andy Jongsuk
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: Natural gas is one of the cleanest fossil fuels and most reliable energy source readily available for everyday use. Due to changes in weather conditions and in economic growth and market conditions, demand for natural gas by municipal, as well as commercial and industrial consumers, has greatly increased, and delivering gas to these varied consumers has become more complex. The problem of optimally operating gas transmission networks is generally formulated to minimize the total supply cost of the network while satisfying the demand of consumers at different delivery points, at minimal guaranteed pressures. If necessary, compressors are installed and operated to supply more energy to the network and increase gas pressures, so as to compensate for pressure losses in the pipe network. The nonlinear relationships between system discharges and headlosses due to friction and mechanical devices in pipes form a complex set of nonlinear constraints in optimization models. In order to solve this complex problem, researchers have used approaches that use linear approximation in classical optimization techniques. Recently, heuristic algorithms have been applied, as these techniques can be used to find approximate solutions to complex optimization problems more quickly than classical optimization methods, and can often obtain an acceptable solution when classical methods fail. This thesis compares the performance of four heuristic algorithms for optimizing operations of a gas transmission network, namely, the: Genetic Algorithm (GA), Differential Evolution Algorithm (DE), Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm (ABC), and Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy (CMA-ES). The algorithms are compared in terms of their computational burden, and the quality of the obtained solutions with respect to practical management concerns. Among the four algorithms, CMA-ES is found to achieve the global optimum, compared with that generated with classical optimization, most consistent results in solutions that meet pressure and flow requirements, and conserve compressor power.
Momentum-Resolved Ultrafast Electron Dynamics in Superconducting Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta
Creators: name: Cortes, R.
name: Rettig, L.
name: Yoshida, Y.
name: Eisaki, H.
name: Wolf, M.
name: Bovensiepen, U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The non-equilibrium state of the high-Tc superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta and its ultrafast dynamics have been investigated by femtosecond time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy well below the critical temperature. We probe optically excited quasiparticles at different electron momenta along the Fermi surface and detect metastable quasiparticles near the antinode. Their decay through e-e scattering is blocked by a phase space restricted to the nodal region. The lack of momentum dependence in the decay rates is in agreement with relaxation dominated by Cooper pair recombination in a boson bottleneck limit.
Natural images from the birthplace of the human eye
Creators: name: Tkačik, Gašper
name: Garrigan, Patrick
name: Ratliff, Charles
name: Milčinski, Grega
name: Klein, Jennifer M
name: Seyfarth, Lucia H
name: Sterling, Peter
name: Brainard, David
name: Balasubramanian, Vijay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Here we introduce a database of calibrated natural images publicly available through an easy-to-use web interface. Using a Nikon D70 digital SLR camera, we acquired about 5000 six-megapixel images of Okavango Delta of Botswana, a tropical savanna habitat similar to where the human eye is thought to have evolved. Some sequences of images were captured unsystematically while following a baboon troop, while others were designed to vary a single parameter such as aperture, object distance, time of day or position on the horizon. Images are available in the raw RGB format and in grayscale. Images are also available in units relevant to the physiology of human cone photoreceptors, where pixel values represent the expected number of photoisomerizations per second for cones sensitive to long (L), medium (M) and short (S) wavelengths. This database is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial Unported license to facilitate research in computer vision, psychophysics of perception, and visual neuroscience.
description: Submitted to PLoS ONE
Nuclear suppression of heavy quark production at forward rapidities in relativistic heavy ion collisions
Creators: name: Jamil, Umme
name: Srivastava, Dinesh K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate nuclear suppression $R_{AA}$ of heavy quarks produced from the initial fusion of partons in nucleus-nucleus collisions at RHIC and LHC energies. We take the shadowing as well as the energy loss suffered by them while passing through Quark Gluon Plasma into account. We obtain results for charm and bottom quarks at several rapidities using different mechanisms for energy loss, to see if we can distinguish between them.
description: 21 pages including 13 figures. To appear in J. Phys. G
Moment closure in a Moran model with recombination
Creators: name: Baake, Ellen
name: Hustedt, Thiemo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 92D15, 60J28

description: We extend the Moran model with single-crossover recombination to include general recombination and mutation. We show that, in the case without resampling, the expectations of products of marginal processes defined via partitions of sites form a closed hierarchy, which is exhaustively described by a finite system of differential equations. One thus has the exceptional situation of moment closure in a nonlinear system. Surprisingly, this property is lost when resampling (i.e., genetic drift) is included.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures, Markov Processes and Related Fields, in press
Convex minorants of random walks and Lévy processes
Creators: name: Abramson, Josh
name: Pitman, Jim
name: Ross, Nathan
name: Bravo, Gerónimo Uribe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60G50, 60G51

description: This article provides an overview of recent work on descriptions and properties of the convex minorant of random walks and Lévy processes which summarize and extend the literature on these subjects. The results surveyed include point process descriptions of the convex minorant of random walks and Lévy processes on a fixed finite interval, up to an independent exponential time, and in the infinite horizon case. These descriptions follow from the invariance of these processes under an adequate path transformation. In the case of Brownian motion, we note how further special properties of this process, including time-inversion, imply a sequential description for the convex minorant of the Brownian meander.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
COULD CHILDREN'S GROUPS PARTICIPATE IN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT? A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Creators: name: JOSHUA FERNANDO
name: PUDJI MULJONO
name: SARWITITI SARWOPRASODJO
name: RUSTONO FARADY MARTA
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Children Group, Participatory Communication, Social Development, Systematic Review.

description: Abstract
Child participation has become an essential trend in Indonesia after ratifying the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. Indonesia is also committed to providing a platform for children to voice their contribution to local and international development. This study aims to analyze the development of communication of children's participation in development in Indonesia by conducting a comparative study to see children's participation in an international context. The systematic review method was chosen in this study. From 1822 articles, 21 articles that describe children's participation were selected for further analysis. The study's findings are that children's participation can be realized massively in all aspects of children's lives, such as religion, art, sports, and post-conflict situations. Children's participation in Indonesia has reached the stage of involving children but not yet at the maximum level of participation, namely the participation of children by children. Children's participation also has the highest level. Namely, children and adults can share decisions to produce collaboration in development.
Atomically precise modulated two-dimensional electron gas exhibiting stable negative differential resistance
Creators: name: Feil, Thomas
name: Rieder, B.
name: Wegscheider, Werner
name: Keller, Joachim
name: Bichler, Max
name: Schuh, Dieter
name: Abstreiter, Gerhard
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Cleaved-edge-overgrowth; Superlattice; Bloch oscillations; Charge domain stability
subject: 530 Physik
subject: 73.21.Cd; 73.63.Hs

description: The electron transport through a short period modulated two-dimensional electron system exhibits clear negative differential conductance (NDC). The modulation parameters place the NDC peak clearly into the validity range of miniband conduction and it is therefore attributed to Bloch oscillations of electrons in the lowest miniband. In contrast to conventional superlattices the NDC in our device is stable for low carrier concentrations due to the reduced dimensionality of our system. With increasing electron concentration instabilities occur in the I–V-traces at the onset of NDC. Numerical simulations confirm this transition and a stability criterion depending on the system parameters is given. Further evidence for stable Bloch oscillations is given by coupling the device to an external high frequency field. For fixed frequency a clear suppression and shift of the peak current are observed with increasing intensity of the radiation. Both facts are predicted by the semiclassical theory when Bloch oscillations are frequency modulated by an external AC electric field.
Uncovering the regional localization of inhaled salmeterol retention in the lung
Creators: name: Bäckström, Erica
name: Hamm, Gregory
name: Nilsson, Anna
name: Fihn, Britt-Marie
name: Strittmatter, Nicole
name: Andrén, Per
name: J. A. Goodwin, Richard
name: Fridén, Markus
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Treatment of respiratory disease with a drug delivered via inhalation is generally held as being beneficial as it provides direct access to the lung target site with a minimum systemic exposure. There is however only limited information of the regional localization of drug retention following inhalation. The aim of this study was to investigate the regional and histological localization of salmeterol retention in the lungs after inhalation and to compare it to systemic administration. Lung distribution of salmeterol delivered to rats via nebulization or intravenous (IV) injection was analyzed with high-resolution mass spectrometry imaging (MSI). Salmeterol was widely distributed in the entire section at 5 min after inhalation, by 15 min it was preferentially retained in bronchial tissue. Via a novel dual-isotope study, where salmeterol was delivered via inhalation and d3-salmeterol via IV to the same rat, could the effective gain in drug concentration associated with inhaled delivery relative to IV, expressed as a site-specific lung targeting factor, was 5-, 31-, and 45-fold for the alveolar region, bronchial sub-epithelium and epithelium, respectively. We anticipate that this MSI-based framework for quantifying regional and histological lung targeting by inhalation will accelerate discovery and development of local and more precise treatments of respiratory disease.
hbar-Dependent KP hierarchy
Creators: name: Takasaki, Kanehisa
name: Takebe, Takashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37K10

description: This is a summary of a recursive construction of solutions of the hbar-dependent KP hierarchy. We give recursion relations for the coefficients X_n of an hbar-expansion of the operator X = X_0 + \hbar X_1 + \hbar^2 X_2 + ... for which the dressing operator W is expressed in the exponential form W = \exp(X/\hbar). The asymptotic behaviours of (the logarithm of) the wave function and the tau function are also considered.
description: 12 pages, contribution to the Proceedings of the "International Workshop on Classical and Quantum Integrable Systems 2011" (January 24-27, 2011 Protvino, Russia)
X-ray observation of AM Herculis in a very low state with Suzaku
Creators: name: Terada, Y.
name: Ishida, M.
name: Bamba, A.
name: Mukai, K.
name: Hayashi, T.
name: Harayama, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The X-ray observation of AM Her in a very low state was performed with {\it Suzaku} in October 2008. One flare event with a time scale of $\sim$ 3700 sec was detected at the X-ray luminosity of $6.0 \times 10^{29} {\rm ~erg ~sec}^{-1}$ in the 0.5 -- 10 keV band assuming at a distance of 91 pc. The X-ray spectrum is represented by a thermal plasma emission model with a temperature of $8.67_{-1.14}^{+1.31}$ keV. During the quiescence out of the flare interval, {\it Suzaku} also detected significant X-rays at a luminosity of $1.7 \times 10^{29} {\rm ~erg ~sec}^{-1}$ in the 0.5 -- 10 keV band, showing a clear spin modulation at a period of 0.1289273(2) days at BJD 2454771.581. The X-ray spectra in the quiescence were represented by a MEKAL + Power Law (PL) model or a single CEMEKL model, which are also supported by phase-resolved analyses. A correlation between the temperature and the volume emission measure was found together with historical X-ray measurements of AM Her in various states. In order to account for a possible non-thermal emission from AM Her, particle acceleration mechanisms in the AM Her system are also discussed, including a new proposal of a shock acceleration process on the top of the accretion column.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables, Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal
Doxorubicin conjugated with a trastuzumab epitope and an MMP-2 sensitive peptide linker for the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer
Creators: name: You, Yiwen
name: Xu, Zhiyuan
name: Chen, Yun
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: HER2-positive breast cancer correlates with more aggressive tumor growth, a poorer prognosis and reduced overall survival. Currently, trastuzumab (Herceptin), which is an anti-HER2 antibody, is one of the key drugs. There is evidence indicating that conjugation of trastuzumab with chemotherapy drugs, such as doxorubicin (DOX), for multiple targets could be more effective. However, incomplete penetration into tumors has been noted for those conjugates. Compared to an antibody, peptides may represent an attractive alternative. For HER2, a similar potency has been observed for a 12-amino-acid anti-HER2 peptide mimetic YCDGFYACYMDV-NH2 (AHNP, disulfide-bridged) and full-length trastuzumab. Thus, a peptide, GPLGLAGDDYCDGFYACYMDV-NH2, which consists of AHNP and an MMP-2 cleavable linker GPLGLAGDD, was first designed, followed by conjugation with DOX via a glycine residue at the N-terminus to form a novel DOX-peptide conjugate MAHNP-DOX. Using HER2-positive human breast cancer cells BT474 and SKBR3 as in vitro model systems and nude mice with BT474 xenografts as an in vivo model, this conjugate was comprehensively characterized, and its efficacy was evaluated and compared with that of free DOX. As a result, MAHNP-DOX demonstrated a much lower in vitro IC50, and its in vivo extent of inhibition in mice was more evident. During this process, enzymatic cleavage of MAHNP-DOX is critical for its activation and cellular uptake. In addition, a synergistic response was observed after the combination of DOX and AHNP. This effect was probably due to the involvement of AHNP in the PI3K–AKT signaling pathway, which can be largely activated by DOX and leads to anti-apoptotic signals.
Experimental and numerical studies on the nonlinear responses of welded wide flange fuses
Creators: name: Banjuradja, Winda
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: Metallic yielding damper is an example of commonly used as a sacrificial structural element to dissipate earthquake energy. In this thesis, a novel structural fuse, called Welded Wide Flange Fuse (WWFF), which utilizes commonly available welded wide flange sections to dissipate earthquake energy is proposed. WWFF is versatile, economic, and easy to fabricate. To dissipate earthquake energy, the WWFF is subjected to shear load in the longitudinal direction of the web. The inelastic behavior of the WWFF is expected to be concentrated in the web part of WWFF, where the earthquake energy is dissipated, while the flanges remain elastic. Experiment was conducted to study different parameters such as aspect ratios, slenderness ratios, and size ratios. These parametric studies provide detailed understanding in predicting the important engineering characteristics, such as yielding force, elastic stiffness, energy absorption, over-strength factor, and ductility of the WWFF. Nineteen specimens were tested under two type of loading protocols. Two analytical equations were derived to predict the yielding force and stiffness of the WWFF with different geometry parameters. Finite element models were developed using finite element software ABAQUS/CAE. The developed numerical models were verified using the experimental data. The verified numerical models were used to conduct detailed parametric studies on the WWFF with large array of aspect ratios and slenderness ratios. Beside the FE modelling approach, parametric studies on aspect ratio, slenderness ratio, and size ratio are conducted. Using this model, the effect of these parameters on key engineering characteristics is studied.
Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Premolars with Deep Cervical Lesions Restored with and without Posts in Different Restorations
Creators: name: Suebsawadphatthana, Phrohphrim
Publisher: name: The Dental Association of Thailand
Year: 2019
Subjects: Fracture load
onlay
CAD/CAM
fiber post

description: Journal of The Dental Association of Thailand, 69, 2, 151-161
title: Money against Migration: The EU Emergency Trust Fund for Africa
Creators: name: Bartels, Inken
Publisher: name: Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung e.V.
Year: 2019

description: The EU-Africa migration summit in Valletta in November 2015 gave birth to a new European funding instrument: the EU Emergency Trust Fund for Africa (EUTF). Halfway through the implementation period, this study aims to take a detailed look at the allocation mechanism and distribution of funds under the EUTF, to examine which objectives, countries and actors have actually been supported and which ones are no longer a focus of the attention of development and migration policy. It comes to the conclusion that the implementation of migration policy projects supported by EUTF funding primarily benefits the (wealthier) member states of the EU.
Spin-dependent tunnelling through epitaxial GaAs(001) and (110) barriers
Creators: name: Zenger, Marcus
name: Moser, Jürgen
name: Kreuzer, Stephan
name: Wegscheider, Werner
name: Weiss, Dieter
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: We investigate transport through 5–10 nm thin epitaxial GaAs(001) and (110) barriers sandwiched between polycrystalline iron films. It turns out that tunnelling is the dominant transport mechanism; this is indicated by a nonlinear I–V-characteristic, an exponential dependence of the tunnelling current on the barrier thickness and the temperature dependence of the current. We observe a pronounced tunnelling magnetoresistance (TMR) effect at low magnetic fields. Annealing decreases the TMR effect drastically and indicates the sensitivity of this effect to layer intermixing. At high magnetic fields we observe a distinct negative magnetoresistance (MR) at low temperatures and a positive MR at higher temperatures. This negative MR contribution is only observed for ferromagnetic iron contacts and is absent if iron is replaced by copper or gold electrodes.
Multifunctional nanoemulsions for intraductal delivery as a new platform for local treatment of breast cancer
Creators: name: Migotto, Amanda
name: Carvalho, Vanessa F. M.
name: Salata, Giovanna C.
name: da Silva, Fernanda W. M.
name: Yan, Chao Yun Irene
name: Ishida, Kelly
name: Costa-Lotufo, Leticia V.
name: Steiner, Alexandre A.
name: Lopes, Luciana B.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Considering that breast cancer usually begins in the lining of the ducts, local drug administration into the ducts could target cancers and pre-tumor lesions locally while reducing systemic adverse effects. In this study, a cationic bioadhesive nanoemulsion was developed for intraductal administration of C6 ceramide, a sphingolipid that mediates apoptotic and non-apoptotic cell death. Bioadhesive properties were obtained by surface modification with chitosan. The optimized nanoemulsion displayed size of 46.3 nm and positive charge, properties that were not affected by ceramide encapsulation (0.4%, w/w). C6 ceramide concentration necessary to reduce MCF-7 cells viability to 50% (EC50) decreased by 4.5-fold with its nanoencapsulation compared to its solution; a further decrease (2.6-fold) was observed when tributyrin (a pro-drug of butyric acid) was part of the oil phase of the nanocarrier, a phenomenon attributed to synergism. The unloaded nanocarrier was considered safe, as indicated by a score <0.1 in HET-CAM models, by the high survival rates of Galleria mellonella larvae exposed to concentrations ≤500 mg/mL, and absence of histological changes when intraductally administered in rats. Intraductal administration of the nanoemulsion prolonged drug localization for more than 120 h in the mammary tissue compared to its solution. These results support the advantage of the optimized nanoemulsion to enable mammary tissue localization of C6 ceramide.
Visual techniques for exploring alternatives and preferences in Group Preferential Choice
Creators: name: Hindalong, Emily
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: Group Preferential Choice is when two or more individuals must collectively choose among a competing set of alternatives based on their individual preferences. In these situations, it it can be helpful for decision makers to visually model and compare their preferences in order to better understand each others’ points of view. Although a number of tools for preference modelling and inspection exist, none are based on a comprehensive understanding of the demands of Group Preferential Choice in particular. The goal of our work is to understand these demands and explore the space of possible visualizations to support them. We make progress toward this goal in three steps. First, we characterize the scope of Group Preferential Choice by examining a diverse set of real-world scenarios. In particular, we identify sources of variation in preference models, goals, and contexts. Second, we produce a detailed model of abstract tasks to support the goals identified in the first step. Finally, we analytically evaluate various designs with respect to these tasks and conclude with recommendations for different classes of users. We believe that these contributions will help designers produce more effective visual support tools for Group Preferential Choice.
Sustained ocular delivery of Dorzolamide-HCl via proniosomal gel formulation: in-vitro characterization, statistical optimization, and in-vivo pharmacodynamic evaluation in rabbits
Creators: name: Fouda, Nagwa Hussein
name: Abdelrehim, Randa Tag
name: Hegazy, Doaa Abdelmagid
name: Habib, Basant Ahmed
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Glaucoma is the second cause of blindness worldwide. Frequent administration of traditional topical dosage forms may lead to patient incompliance and failure of treatment. Our study aims to formulate proniosomal gel formulations that sustain the release of the water-soluble anti-glaucoma drug Dorzolamide-HCl (Dorz). Proniosomal gel formulations were prepared using coacervation phase separation method according to a 52 full factorial design. The effects of Cholesterol and surfactant (Span 40) amounts (independent variables) on the percentage entrapment efficiency (EE%), particle size (PS), and the percent of drug released after 8 h (Q8h) (dependent variables (DVs)) were investigated. An optimized formulation (OF) was chosen based on maximizing EE% and Q8h and minimizing PS. An intraocular pressure (IOP) pharmacodynamic study was performed in rabbits to evaluate the in-vivo performance of the OF-gel compared to the marketed Trusopt® eye drops. The results showed that the independent variables studied significantly affected EE%, PS, and Q8h. OF was the one containing 60 mg Cholesterol and 540 mg Span 40. It had desirability of 0.885 and its actually measured DVs deviated from the predicted ones by a maximum of 4.8%. The in-vivo pharmacodynamic study showed that OF could result in higher reduction in IOP, significantly sustain that reduction in IOP and increase Dorz bioavailability compared to Trusopt® eye drops. Thus the OF-gel is very promising for being used in glaucoma treatment.