cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
High resolution spectroscopy for Cepheids distance determination. III. A relation between gamma-velocities and gamma-asymmetries
Creators: name: Nardetto, N.
name: Stoekl, A.
name: Bersier, D.
name: Barnes, T. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galactic Cepheids in the vicinity of the Sun have a residual line-of-sight velocity, or gamma-velocity, which shows a systematic blueshift of about 2 km/s compared to an axisymmetric rotation model of the Milky Way. This term is either related to the space motion of the star and, consequently, to the kinematic structure of our Galaxy, or it is the result of the dynamical structure of the Cepheids' atmosphere. We aim to show that these residual gamma-velocities are an intrinsic property of Cepheids. We observed nine galactic Cepheids with the HARPS spectroscope, focusing specifically on 17 spectral lines. For each spectral line of each star, we computed the gamma-velocity (resp. gamma-asymmetry) as an average value of the interpolated radial velocity (resp. line asymmetry) curve. For each Cepheid in our sample, a linear relation is found between the gamma-velocities of the various spectral lines and their corresponding gamma-asymmetries, showing that residual gamma-velocities stem from the intrinsic properties of Cepheids. We also provide a physical reference to the stellar gamma-velocity: it should be zero when the gamma-asymmetry is zero. Following this definition, we provide very precise and physically calibrated estimates of the gamma-velocities for all stars of our sample. To understand this very subtle gamma-asymmetry effect, further numerical studies are needed. Cepheids' atmosphere are strongly affected by pulsational dynamics, convective flows, nonlinear physics, and complex radiative transport. Hence, all of these effects have to be incorporated simultaneously and consistently into the numerical models to reproduce the observed line profiles in detail.
description: accepted by A&A
Stochastic inflation at all order in slow-roll parameters: foundations
Creators: name: Cruces, Diego
name: Germani, Cristiano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we develop the formalism for the stochastic approach to inflation at all order in slow-roll parameters. This is done by including the momentum and Hamiltonian constraints into the stochastic equations. We then specialise to the widely used Starobinski approximation where interactions between IR and UV modes are neglected. We show that, whenever this approximation holds, no significant deviations are observed when comparing the two-point correlation functions (power spectrum) calculated with stochastic methods, to the ones calculated with the QFT approach to linear theory. As a byproduct, we argue that: a) the approaches based on the Starobinski approximation, generically, do not capture any loop effects of the quantum scalar-gravity system; b) correlations functions can only be calculated in the linear theory regimes, thus, no non-perturbative statistics can be extracted within this approximation, as commonly claimed.
description: 38 pages, 11 figures, typos corrected, ref added, results unchanged, accepted in Physical Review D
Comparing Humans, GPT-4, and GPT-4V On Abstraction and Reasoning Tasks
Creators: name: Mitchell, Melanie
name: Palmarini, Alessandro B.
name: Moskvichev, Arseny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We explore the abstract reasoning abilities of text-only and multimodal versions of GPT-4, using the ConceptARC benchmark [10], which is designed to evaluate robust understanding and reasoning with core-knowledge concepts. We extend the work of Moskvichev et al. [10] by evaluating GPT-4 on more detailed, one-shot prompting (rather than simple, zero-shot prompts) with text versions of ConceptARC tasks, and by evaluating GPT-4V, the multimodal version of GPT-4, on zero- and one-shot prompts using image versions of the simplest tasks. Our experimental results support the conclusion that neither version of GPT-4 has developed robust abstraction abilities at humanlike levels.
description: Corrected Figure 3 (extra spaces were replaced by commas, which were lost in original formatting)
Josephson junction π-0 transition induced by orbital hybridization in a double quantum dot
Creators: name: Debbarma, Rousan
name: Tsintzis, Athanasios
name: Aspegren, Markus
name: Souto, Rubén Seoane
name: Lehmann, Sebastian
name: Dick, Kimberly
name: Leijnse, Martin
name: Thelander, Claes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we manipulate the phase shift of a Josephson junction using a parallel double quantum dot (QD). By employing a superconducting quantum interference device, we determine how orbital hybridization and detuning affect the current-phase relation in the Coulomb blockade regime. For weak hybridization between the QDs, we find $π$ junction characteristics if at least one QD has an unpaired electron. Notably the critical current is higher when both QDs have an odd electron occupation. By increasing the inter-QD hybridization the critical current is reduced, until eventually a $π$-0 transition occurs. A similar transition appears when detuning the QD levels at finite hybridization. Based on a zero-bandwidth model, we argue that both cases of phase-shift transitions can be understood considering an increased weight of states with a double occupancy in the ground state and with the Cooper pair transport dominated by local Andreev reflection.
Linking Scientific Research: Extracting Sentences Containing Dataset Information
Creators: name: Xu, Yilun
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Innovation Science, Natural Language Processing

description: Despite the popularity of data-driven research in scientific fields, we are intrigued by the combined value of datasets in a given area. Our research seeks to establish strategies for retrieving words containing dataset information from academic publications using a specific example of COVID-19 epidemiological papers, which was encouraged by previous studies concerning research originality and how combinatorial work improves science. We deployed LDA and word embedding algorithms to filter epidemiological papers versus clinical ones. We also annotated sentences based on whether each sentence in the abstract and title parts mentions dataset information. Pre-trained word representations enabled classification models to discriminate between data and non-data sentences. The unexpected finding is that, while more diverse terms in a publication's abstract and title help advertise it in terms of citation, they make this document less likely to be one of the top-cited papers. In conclusion, while we have not reached accurate conclusions for identifying data sentences in papers, we have uncovered techniques for filtering possible data sentences. We suggest inspecting a larger corpus in the next stage to evaluate the impact of alternative datasets and gather more information for the paper's word representations and citation.
Additional file 7 of Electronic data collection in a multi-site population-based survey: EN-INDEPTH study
Creators: name: Thysen, Sanne M.
name: Tawiah, Charlotte
name: Blencowe, Hannah
name: Manu, Grace
name: Akuze, Joseph
name: M. Moinuddin Haider
name: Alam, Nurul
name: Temesgen Azemeraw Yitayew
name: Baschieri, Angela
name: Gashaw A. Biks
name: Dzabeng, Francis
name: Fisker, Ane B.
name: Md. Ali Imam
name: Justiniano S. D. Martins
name: Natukwatsa, Davis
name: Lawn, Joy E.
name: Gordeev, Vladimir Sergeevich
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 7. EN-INDEPTH overall progress site report.
On the Non-Relativistic Expansion of Closed Bosonic Strings
Creators: name: Hartong, Jelle
name: Have, Emil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a novel approach to non-relativistic closed bosonic string theory that is based on a string $1/c^2$ expansion of the relativistic string, where $c$ is the speed of light. This approach has the benefit that one does not need to take a limit of a string in a near-critical Kalb-Ramond background. The $1/c^2$-expanded Polyakov action at next-to-leading order reproduces the known action of non-relativistic string theory provided that the target space obeys an appropriate foliation constraint. We compute the spectrum in a flat target space, with one circle direction that is wound by the string, up to next-to-leading order and show that it reproduces the spectrum of the Gomis-Ooguri string.
description: 5 pages, letter format, v2: updated to published version
Spectroscopic and Photometric Observations of Dwarf Nova Superoutbursts by the 3.8 m Telescope Seimei and the Variable Star Network
Creators: name: Tampo, Yusuke
name: Isogai, Keisuke
name: Kojiguchi, Naoto
name: Maehara, Hiroyuki
name: Taguchi, Kenta
name: Kato, Taichi
name: Kimura, Mariko
name: Wakamatsu, Yasuyuki
name: Shibata, Masaaki
name: Nogami, Daisaku
name: Kawabata, Miho
name: Maeda, Keiichi
name: Namekata, Kosuke
name: Okamoto, Soshi
name: Otsuka, Masaaki
name: Umut, Burgaz
name: Nagoshi, Shumpei
name: Itoh, Hiroshi
name: Vanmunster, Tonny
name: Tordai, Tamas
name: Stone, Geoffrey
name: Matsumoto, Katsura
name: Fujii, Daiti
name: Matsumura, Ryota
name: Nakagawa, Momoka
name: Takeuchi, Nodoka
name: Zenkou, Yuki
name: Pavlenko, Elena P.
name: Antonyuk, Kirill A.
name: Pit, Nikolaj V.
name: Antonyuk, Oksana I.
name: Babina, Julia V.
name: Baklanov, Aleksei V.
name: Sosnovskij, Aleksei A.
name: Shugarov, Sergey Yu.
name: Katysheva, Nataly
name: Chochol, Drahomir
name: Dvorak, Shawn
name: Dubovsky, Pavol A.
name: Medulka, Tomas
name: Kudzej, Igor
name: Kiyota, Seiichiro
name: Zubareva, Alexandra M.
name: Belinski, Alexandr A.
name: Ikonnikova, Natalia P.
name: Burlak, Marina A.
name: Sano, Yasuo
name: Mizutani, Masanori
name: Ruiz, Javier
name: pickard, Roger D.
name: Franz-Josef
name: Hambsch
name: Dufoer, Sjoerd
name: Brincat, Stephen M.
name: Galdies, Charles
name: Menzies, Kenneth
name: Moriyama, Masayuki
name: Hiraga, Mitsutaka
name: Maeda, Yutaka
name: Hirosawa, Kenji
name: Funada, Masao
name: Yamamoto, Minoru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present spectroscopic and photometric observations of 17 dwarf-nova superoutbursts obtained by KOOLS-IFU mounted on the 3.8 m telescope Seimei at Okayama Observatory of Kyoto University and through VSNET collaboration. Our spectroscopic observations for six outbursts were performed within 1 d from their optical peak. 11 objects (TCP J00590972+3438357. ASASSN-19ado, TCP J06073081-0101501, ZTF20aavnpug, ASASSN-19ady, MASTER OT J061642.05+435617.9, TCP J20034647+1335125, ASASSN-20kv, ASASSN-20kw, MASTER OT J213908.79+161240.2, and ASASSN-20mf) were previously unknown systems, and our observations enabled quick classification of their transient type. These results illustrate that Seimei telescope has the capability to conduct quick follow-up observations of unknown transients. Our photometric observations yielded that 11 objects are WZ Sge-type dwarf novae and their candidates, and the other six objects are SU UMa-type dwarf novae and their candidates. The He II 4686Å~ emission line was clearly detected among ASASSN-19ado, TCP J06073081-0101501 and MASTER OT J213908.79+161240.2, whose association with a spiral arm structure in an accretion disk has been suggested in the previous studies. Our result suggests that a higher-inclination system shows a stronger emission line of He II 4686Å, as well as larger-amplitude early superhumps.
description: 21 pages, 14 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in PASJ
Additional file 8 of Electronic data collection in a multi-site population-based survey: EN-INDEPTH study
Creators: name: Thysen, Sanne M.
name: Tawiah, Charlotte
name: Blencowe, Hannah
name: Manu, Grace
name: Akuze, Joseph
name: M. Moinuddin Haider
name: Alam, Nurul
name: Temesgen Azemeraw Yitayew
name: Baschieri, Angela
name: Gashaw A. Biks
name: Dzabeng, Francis
name: Fisker, Ane B.
name: Md. Ali Imam
name: Justiniano S. D. Martins
name: Natukwatsa, Davis
name: Lawn, Joy E.
name: Gordeev, Vladimir Sergeevich
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 8. Ethical approval of local Institutional Review Boards.
Reasons for not drinking and pressures to drink : a survey of adolescent abstainers
Creators: name: Mangham, Colin Richard
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Alcohol use among adolescents has been the subject of considerable research. A burgeoning literature exists identifying correlates and factors in teenage drinking. However, little is known about the adolescent abstaining from alcohol. The target of this study was this cohort of abstaining adolescents. The reasons for not drinking and the pressures to drink perceived among a sample of middle adolescent (grade 9) non-drinkers was investigated. The study was a survey administered in three parts. First, an alcohol-use survey was administered to all participating grade 9 students in two school districts. A second questionnaire was administered to 72 subjects reporting non-use of alcohol on the initial survey. Thirty of these subjects were then interviewed. Negative attitudes toward alcohol and drinking, a concern about alcohol's effects on health, and a dislike for the taste of alcoholic beverages were among the strongest reasons for not drinking given by the sample. The subjects' own attitudes about alcohol appear to be more important factors in their decisions to abstain than the direct influence of peers, parents or others. As in previous studies, religiosity was a strongly reported factor in the abstinence of a number (25%) of the subjects. It appears that at least for this sample of non-drinking adolescents, the perceived pressure to drink from peers, adults, the media or society generally is very limited.
Generative Artificial Intelligence in Learning Analytics: Contextualising Opportunities and Challenges through the Learning Analytics Cycle
Creators: name: Yan, Lixiang
name: Martinez-Maldonado, Roberto
name: Gašević, Dragan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI), exemplified by ChatGPT, Midjourney, and other state-of-the-art large language models and diffusion models, holds significant potential for transforming education and enhancing human productivity. While the prevalence of GenAI in education has motivated numerous research initiatives, integrating these technologies within the learning analytics (LA) cycle and their implications for practical interventions remain underexplored. This paper delves into the prospective opportunities and challenges GenAI poses for advancing LA. We present a concise overview of the current GenAI landscape and contextualise its potential roles within Clow's generic framework of the LA cycle. We posit that GenAI can play pivotal roles in analysing unstructured data, generating synthetic learner data, enriching multimodal learner interactions, advancing interactive and explanatory analytics, and facilitating personalisation and adaptive interventions. As the lines blur between learners and GenAI tools, a renewed understanding of learners is needed. Future research can delve deep into frameworks and methodologies that advocate for human-AI collaboration. The LA community can play a pivotal role in capturing data about human and AI contributions and exploring how they can collaborate most effectively. As LA advances, it is essential to consider the pedagogical implications and broader socioeconomic impact of GenAI for ensuring an inclusive future.
Supplementary document for Fabrication of Customized Low-Loss Optical Resonators by Combination of FIB-Milling and CO₂ Laser Smoothing - 7426627.pdf
Creators: name: Maier, Patrick
name: Rupp, Simon
name: Lettner, Niklas
name: Denschlag, Johannes
name: Kubanek, Alex
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2025
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplement 1
Optimal Simulator Selection
Creators: name: Hung, Ying
name: Lin, Li-Hsiang
name: Wu, C. F. Jeff
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Computer simulators are widely used for the study of complex systems. In many applications, there are multiple simulators available with different scientific interpretations of the underlying mechanism, and the goal is to identify an optimal simulator based on the observed physical experiments. To achieve the goal, we propose a selection criterion based on leave-one-out cross-validation. This criterion consists of a goodness-of-fit measure and a generalized degrees of freedom penalizing the simulator sensitivity to perturbations in the physical observations. Asymptotic properties of the selected optimal simulator are discussed. It is shown that the proposed procedure includes a conventional calibration method as a special case. The finite sample performance of the proposed procedure is demonstrated through numerical examples. In the application of cell biology, an optimal simulator is selected, which can shed light on the T cell recognition mechanism in the human immune system. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Characterising atmospheric gravity waves on the nightside lower clouds of Venus: a systematic analysis
Creators: name: Silva, J. E.
name: Machado, P.
name: Peralta, J.
name: Brasil, F.
name: Lebonnois, S.
name: Lefèvre, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the detection and characterisation of mesoscale waves on the lower clouds of Venus using images from the Visible Infrared Thermal Imaging Spectrometer onboard the European Venus Express space mission and from the 2 $μ$m camera (IR2) instrument onboard the Japanese space mission Akatsuki. We used image navigation and processing techniques based on contrast enhancement and geometrical projections to characterise morphological properties of the detected waves, such as horizontal wavelength and the relative optical thickness drop between crests and troughs. Additionally, we performed phase velocity and trajectory tracking of wave packets. We combined these observations to derive other properties of the waves such as the vertical wavelength of detected packets. Our observations include 13 months of data from August 2007 to October 2008, and the entire available data set of IR2 from January to November 2016.We characterised almost 300 wave packets across more than 5500 images over a broad region of the globe of Venus. Our results show a wide range of properties and are not only consistent with previous observations but also expand upon them, taking advantage of two instruments that target the same cloud layer of Venus across multiple periods. In general, waves observed on the nightside lower cloud are of a larger scale than the gravity waves reported in the upper cloud. This paper is intended to provide a more in-depth view of atmospheric gravity waves on the lower cloud and enable follow-up works on their influence in the general circulation of Venus.
description: 15 pages, 18 figures, published on Astronomy & Astrophysics
Discrete Anomalies of Binary Groups
Creators: name: Luhn, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the discrete anomaly conditions for the binary tetrahedral group T' as well as the binary dihedral groups Q_2n. The ambiguities of embedding these finite groups into SU(2) and SU(3) lead to various possible definitions of the discrete indices which enter the anomaly equations. We scrutinize the different choices and show that it is sufficient to consider one particular assignment for the discrete indices. Thus it is straightforward to determine whether or not a given model of flavor is discrete anomaly free.
description: 13 pages, matches published version
Two-dimensional transport and transfer of a single atomic qubit in optical tweezers
Creators: name: Beugnon, J.
name: Tuchendler, C.
name: Marion, H.
name: Gaetan, A.
name: Miroshnychenko, Y.
name: Sortais, Y. R. P.
name: Lance, A. M.
name: Jones, M. P. A.
name: Messin, G.
name: Browaeys, A.
name: Grangier, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum computers have the capability of out-performing their classical counterparts for certain computational problems. Several scalable quantum computing architectures have been proposed. An attractive architecture is a large set of physically independant qubits, arranged in three spatial regions where (i) the initialized qubits are stored in a register, (ii) two qubits are brought together to realize a gate, and (iii) the readout of the qubits is performed. For a neutral atom-based architecture, a natural way to connect these regions is to use optical tweezers to move qubits within the system. In this letter we demonstrate the coherent transport of a qubit, encoded on an atom trapped in a sub-micron tweezer, over a distance typical of the separation between atoms in an array of optical traps. Furthermore, we transfer a qubit between two tweezers, and show that this manipulation also preserves the coherence of the qubit.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Nonparametric quasi-maximum likelihood estimation for Gaussian locally stationary processes
Creators: name: Dahlhaus, Rainer
name: Polonik, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62M10 (Primary) 62F30 (Secondary)

description: This paper deals with nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation for Gaussian locally stationary processes. Our nonparametric MLE is constructed by minimizing a frequency domain likelihood over a class of functions. The asymptotic behavior of the resulting estimator is studied. The results depend on the richness of the class of functions. Both sieve estimation and global estimation are considered. Our results apply, in particular, to estimation under shape constraints. As an example, autoregressive model fitting with a monotonic variance function is discussed in detail, including algorithmic considerations. A key technical tool is the time-varying empirical spectral process indexed by functions. For this process, a Bernstein-type exponential inequality and a central limit theorem are derived. These results for empirical spectral processes are of independent interest.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009053606000000867 in the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Characterization of agostic interactions in theory and computation
Creators: name: Lein, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Agostic interactions are covalent intramolecular interactions between an electron deficient metal and a sigma-bond in close geometrical proximity to the metal atom. While the classic cases involve CH sigma-bonds close to early transition metals like titanium, many more agostic systems have been proposed which contain CH, SiH, BH, CC and SiC sigma-bonds coordinated to a wide range of metal atoms. Recent computational studies of a multitude of agostic interactions are reviewed in this contribution. It is highlighted how several difficulties with the theoretical description of the phenomenon arise because of the relative weakness of this interaction. The methodology used to compute and interpret agostic interactions is presented and different approaches such as atoms in molecules (AIM), natural bonding orbitals (NBO) or the electron localization function (ELF) are compared and put into context. A brief overview of the history and terminology of agostic interactions is given in the introduction and fundamental differences between alpha, beta; and other agostic interactions are explained.
description: 24 pages, 10 figures, 109 references. Submitted to Coordination Chemistry Reviews
Information flow and optimization in transcriptional control
Creators: name: Tkacik, Gasper
name: Callan, Curtis G
name: Bialek, William
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: In the simplest view of transcriptional regulation, the expression of a gene is turned on or off by changes in the concentration of a transcription factor (TF). We use recent data on noise levels in gene expression to show that it should be possible to transmit much more than just one regulatory bit. Realizing this optimal information capacity would require that the dynamic range of TF concentrations used by the cell, the input/output relation of the regulatory module, and the noise levels of binding and transcription satisfy certain matching relations. This parameter-free prediction is in good agreement with recent experiments on the Bicoid/Hunchback system in the early Drosophila embryo, and this system achieves ~90% of its theoretical maximum information transmission.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Innovative Bert-based Reranking Language Models for Speech Recognition
Creators: name: Chiu, Shih-Hsuan
name: Chen, Berlin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: More recently, Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) was proposed and has achieved impressive success on many natural language processing (NLP) tasks such as question answering and language understanding, due mainly to its effective pre-training then fine-tuning paradigm as well as strong local contextual modeling ability. In view of the above, this paper presents a novel instantiation of the BERT-based contextualized language models (LMs) for use in reranking of N-best hypotheses produced by automatic speech recognition (ASR). To this end, we frame N-best hypothesis reranking with BERT as a prediction problem, which aims to predict the oracle hypothesis that has the lowest word error rate (WER) given the N-best hypotheses (denoted by PBERT). In particular, we also explore to capitalize on task-specific global topic information in an unsupervised manner to assist PBERT in N-best hypothesis reranking (denoted by TPBERT). Extensive experiments conducted on the AMI benchmark corpus demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of our methods in comparison to the conventional autoregressive models like the recurrent neural network (RNN) and a recently proposed method that employed BERT to compute pseudo-log-likelihood (PLL) scores for N-best hypothesis reranking.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, Published in IEEE SLT 2021
Packing index of subsets in Polish groups
Creators: name: Banakh, Taras
name: Lyaskovska, Nadya
name: Repovš, Dušan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 22A99; 05D99

description: For a subset $A$ of a Polish group $G$, we study the (almost) packing index $\ind_P(A)$ (resp. $\Ind_P(A)$) of $A$, equal to the supremum of cardinalities $|S|$ of subsets $S\subset G$ such that the family of shifts $\{xA\}_{x\in S}$ is (almost) disjoint (in the sense that $|xA\cap yA|
Mixture-of-Partitions: Infusing Large Biomedical Knowledge Graphs into BERT
Creators: name: Meng, Z
name: Liu, F
name: Clark, TH
name: Shareghi, E
name: Collier, N
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: cs.CL

description: Infusing factual knowledge into pre-trained models is fundamental for many knowledge-intensive tasks. In this paper, we proposed Mixture-of-Partitions (MoP), an infusion approach that can handle a very large knowledge graph (KG) by partitioning it into smaller sub-graphs and infusing their specific knowledge into various BERT models using lightweight adapters. To leverage the overall factual knowledge for a target task, these sub-graph adapters are further fine-tuned along with the underlying BERT through a mixture layer. We evaluate our MoP with three biomedical BERTs (SciBERT, BioBERT, PubmedBERT) on six downstream tasks (inc. NLI, QA, Classification), and the results show that our MoP consistently enhances the underlying BERTs in task performance, and achieves new SOTA performances on five evaluated datasets.
Fast, Effective, and Self-Supervised: Transforming Masked Language Models into Universal Lexical and Sentence Encoders
Creators: name: Liu, F
name: Vulić, I
name: Korhonen, A
name: Collier, N
Publisher: name: Association for Computational Linguistics
Year: 2021
Subjects: cs.CL
cs.AI
cs.LG

description: Pretrained Masked Language Models (MLMs) have revolutionised NLP in recent years. However, previous work has indicated that off-the-shelf MLMs are not effective as universal lexical or sentence encoders without further task-specific fine-tuning on NLI, sentence similarity, or paraphrasing tasks using annotated task data. In this work, we demonstrate that it is possible to turn MLMs into effective universal lexical and sentence encoders even without any additional data and without any supervision. We propose an extremely simple, fast and effective contrastive learning technique, termed Mirror-BERT, which converts MLMs (e.g., BERT and RoBERTa) into such encoders in 20-30 seconds without any additional external knowledge. Mirror-BERT relies on fully identical or slightly modified string pairs as positive (i.e., synonymous) fine-tuning examples, and aims to maximise their similarity during identity fine-tuning. We report huge gains over off-the-shelf MLMs with Mirror-BERT in both lexical-level and sentence-level tasks, across different domains and different languages. Notably, in the standard sentence semantic similarity (STS) tasks, our self-supervised Mirror-BERT model even matches the performance of the task-tuned Sentence-BERT models from prior work. Finally, we delve deeper into the inner workings of MLMs, and suggest some evidence on why this simple approach can yield effective universal lexical and sentence encoders.
Gluon condensation: from nucleon to Galactic center
Creators: name: Zhu, Wei
name: Xia, Zi-Qing
name: Tang, Yu-Chen
name: Feng, Lei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Galactic Center Excess (GCE), one of the most remarkable discoveries by Fermi-LAT, has prompted extensive exploration over the past decade, often attributed to dark matter or millisecond pulsars. This work proposes a novel interpretation on the origin of the GCE, focusing on the observed spectral shape. Protons are accelerated at the Galactic center and collide with the neutron cluster on the surface of the non-rotating neutron stars. Due to the gluon condensation in nucleons, these collisions produce a large number of mesons, which have reached to the saturation state and subsequently generate the broken power law in the gamma ray spectra. We explained the spectral shape of GCE using the gluon condensation and an assumption of existing the non-rotating neutron stars at the Galactic center. This example of the gluon condensation mechanism not only expands the applications of the hadronic scenario in the cosmic gamma ray spectra but also provides a new evidence of the gluon condensation.
description: 19 pages, 3 figures, 1 table; Accepted by PRD
Additional file 1 of Static compliance of the respiratory system in COVID-19 related ARDS: an international multicenter study
Creators: name: Benoit Vandenbunder
name: Ehrmann, Stephan
name: Piagnerelli, Michael
name: Sauneuf, Bertrand
name: Serck, Nicolas
name: Soumagne, Thibaud
name: Textoris, Julien
name: Vinsonneau, Christophe
name: Aissaoui, Nadia
name: Blonz, Gauthier
name: Carbutti, Giuseppe
name: Courcelle, Romain
name: D’hondt, Alain
name: Stephane Gaudry
name: Higny, Julien
name: Horlait, Geoffroy
name: Hraiech, Sami
name: Lefebvre, Laurent
name: Francois Lejeune
name: Ly, Andre
name: Jean-Baptiste Lascarrou
name: Grimaldi, David
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1: Flow chart of the study.
A New Spiral Arm of the Galaxy: The Far 3-Kpc Arm
Creators: name: Dame, T. M.
name: Thaddeus, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the detection in CO of the far-side counterpart of the well-known expanding 3-Kpc Arm in the central region of the Galaxy. In a CO longitude-velocity map at b = 0 deg the Far 3-Kpc Arm can be followed over at least 20 deg of Galactic longitude as a faint lane at positive velocities running parallel to the Near Arm. The Far Arm crosses l = 0 deg at +56 km/s, quite symmetric with the -53 km/s expansion velocity of the Near Arm. In addition to their symmetry in longitude and velocity, we find that the two arms have linewidths (~21 km/s), linear scale heights (~103 pc FWHM), and H2 masses per unit length (~4.3 x 10^6 Mo/kpc) that agree to 26% or better. Guided by the CO, we have also identified the Far Arm in high-resolution 21 cm data and find, subject to the poorly known CO-to-H2 ratio in these objects, that both arms are predominately molecular by a factor of 3-4. The detection of these symmetric expanding arms provides strong support for the existence of a bar at the center of our Galaxy and should allow better determination of the bar's physical properties.
description: ApJ Letters, accepted 9 July 08
Additional file 3 of Static compliance of the respiratory system in COVID-19 related ARDS: an international multicenter study
Creators: name: Benoit Vandenbunder
name: Ehrmann, Stephan
name: Piagnerelli, Michael
name: Sauneuf, Bertrand
name: Serck, Nicolas
name: Soumagne, Thibaud
name: Textoris, Julien
name: Vinsonneau, Christophe
name: Aissaoui, Nadia
name: Blonz, Gauthier
name: Carbutti, Giuseppe
name: Courcelle, Romain
name: D’hondt, Alain
name: Stephane Gaudry
name: Higny, Julien
name: Horlait, Geoffroy
name: Hraiech, Sami
name: Lefebvre, Laurent
name: Francois Lejeune
name: Ly, Andre
name: Jean-Baptiste Lascarrou
name: Grimaldi, David
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 3: Crs, Crs/IBW and P/F ratio according to Peep level.
Fusion of 16O+165Ho at deep sub-barrier energies
Creators: name: Bhattacharjee, Saikat
name: Mukherjee, A.
name: Gupta, Ashish
name: Santra, Rajkumar
name: Chattopadhyay, D.
name: Deshmukh, N.
name: Dhuri, Sangeeta
name: Gupta, Shilpi
name: Parkar, V. V.
name: Pandit, S. K.
name: Ramachandran, K.
name: Mahata, K.
name: Shrivastava, A.
name: Pachuau, Rebecca
name: Rathi, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fusion cross-sections have been measured for the asymmetric system 16O+165Ho at energies near and deep below the Coulomb barrier with an aim to investigate the occurrence of fusion hindrance for the system. Fusion cross sections down to ~ 700 nb have been measured using the off-beam gamma-ray technique. The fusion cross sections have been compared with the coupled channel calculations. Although the onset of fusion hindrance could not be observed experimentally, an indication of a small deviation of the experimental fusion cross-sections with respect to the calculated cross-sections could be observed at the lowest energy measured. However, the energy onset of fusion hindrance has been obtained from the extrapolation technique and is found to be about 2 MeV below the lowest energy of the present measurement.
Guide Field Effects on the Distribution of Plasmoids in Multiple Scale Reconnection
Creators: name: Majeski, Stephen
name: Ji, Hantao
name: Jara-Almonte, Jonathan
name: Yoo, Jongsoo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effects of a finite guide field on the distribution of plasmoids in high-Lundquist-number current sheets undergoing magnetic reconnection in large plasmas are investigated with statistical models. Merging of plasmoids is taken into account either assuming that guide field flux is conserved resulting in non-force-free profiles in general, or that magnetic helicity is conserved and Taylor relaxation occurs to convert part of the summed guide field flux into reconnecting field flux towards minimum energy states resulting in force-free profiles. It is found that the plasmoid distribution in terms of reconnecting field flux follows a power law with index 7/4 or 1 depending on whether merger frequencies are independent of or dependent on their relative velocity to the outflow speed, respectively. This result is approximately the same for the force-free and non-force-free models, with non-force-free models exhibiting indices of 2 and 1 for the same velocity dependencies. Distributions in terms of guide field flux yield indices of 3/2 for the non-force-free model regardless of velocity dependence. This is notably distinct from the indices of 11/8 and 1 for the force-free models independent of and dependent on velocity, respectively. At low guide field fluxes the force-free models exhibit a second power law index of 1/2 due to non-constant flux growth rates. The velocity dependent force-free model predicts the production of slightly more rapidly moving large guide field flux plasmoids which is supported by observational evidence of flux ropes with strong core fields. Implications are discussed on particle acceleration via Fermi processes.
Surface Structure in an Accretion Disk Annulus with Comparable Radiation and Gas Pressure
Creators: name: Blaes, Omer
name: Hirose, Shigenobu
name: Krolik, Julian H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have employed a 3-d energy-conserving radiation MHD code to simulate the vertical structure and thermodynamics of a shearing box whose parameters were chosen so that the radiation and gas pressures would be comparable. The upper layers of this disk segment are magnetically-dominated, creating conditions appropriate for both photon bubble and Parker instabilities. We find little evidence for photon bubbles, even though the simulation has enough spatial resolution to see them and their predicted growth rates are high. On the other hand, there is strong evidence for Parker instabilities, and they appear to dominate the evolution of the magnetically supported surface layers. The disk photosphere is complex, with large density inhomogeneities at both the scattering and effective (thermalization) photospheres of the evolving horizontally-averaged structure. Both the dominant magnetic support and the inhomogeneities are likely to have strong effects on the spectrum and polarization of thermal photons emerging from the disk atmosphere. The inhomogeneities are also large enough to affect models of reflection spectra from the atmospheres of accretion disks.
description: ApJ, in press
Asparagus capitatus subsp. gracilis Browicz 1990
Creators: name: Akhani, Hossein
name: Abdullahi, Hussaini
name: Ürker, Okan
name: Malekmohammadi, Maryam
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Liliopsida
Asparagales
Asparagaceae
Asparagus
Asparagus capitatus
Asparagus capitatus baker subsp. gracilis browicz (1990: 175)

description: Asparagus capitatus Baker subsp. gracilis Browicz (1990: 175).
This taxon was reported to be a new record from Iran by Hamdi (2016) based on a specimen collected from the Province of Sistan va Baluchestan: Nikshahr, 29.3. 1949, 900 m, Scharif (IRAN-29594). The author of this article did not indicate that this report had already been published in Flora Iranica (Browicz 1990, page 175, Sharif 245-E) with the note that it is probably a hybrid between A. capitatus subsp. gracilis and A. monophyllus Baker (1875: 604). Furthermore, the author misread collector’s name Scharif and recorded the specimen as collected by Sohani instead of Scharif; this error occurred despite the clear photo in Fig.1 of the herbarium specimen illustrated in his article (Hamdi 2016). In the Flora of Iran, Assadi (2023) accepted this report and in addition to Scharif, another specimen is reported from Khuzestan: Between Shooshtar and Haft-Tappeh, Dez river marshes, 80m, Mozaffarian 62870. We could not investigate this specimen too. However, we have collected a specimen from the nearby locality and included in our phylogenetic analysis: Khuzestan: W Shush, along Karkheh River, 32°11’N, 48°12’. 1200m, 1.4.2001; H. Akhani 14875. This specimen grouped with A. officinalis (Fig. 2). As well, the illustration in page 9 of the Flora of Iran (Assadi 2023) looks indeed very similar to A. officinalis.
description: Published as part of Akhani, Hossein, Abdullahi, Hussaini, Ürker, Okan & Malekmohammadi, Maryam, 2024, Molecular phylogenetic studies on Asparagus (Asparagaceae) revealed the position of the highly endangered Irano-Turkish halophytic species A. lycaonicus P. H. Davis related to A. officinalis L., pp. 125-142 in Phytotaxa 646 (2) on page 136, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/13215319
Superconductivity in Ternary Germanide ScPdGe and Silicide ScPdSi
Creators: name: Shinoda, Yusaku
name: Okamoto, Yoshihiko
name: Yamakawa, Youichi
name: Takatsu, Hiroshi
name: Kageyama, Hiroshi
name: Hirai, Daigorou
name: Takenaka, Koshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electronic properties of ScPdGe and ScPdSi, crystallizing in the hexagonal ZrNiAl and orthorhombic TiNiSi structures, respectively, are investigated. ScPdGe and ScPdSi are found to show bulk superconductivity below 0.9 and 1.7 K, respectively, based on electrical resistivity and heat capacity data measured using synthesized polycrystalline samples. First principles calculations indicate the presence of large contributions of Sc 3d and Pd 4d electrons at the Fermi energy in both materials. The electronic properties and electronic states of these materials are discussed in comparison with those of several superconductors containing scandium and a 4d transition metal element.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn
Combined lensed estimator to probe the post reionization H I power spectrum
Creators: name: Arora, Urvashi
name: Dutta, Prasun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the post-reionization era, the baryons assembled into the protogalaxies and eventually the present population of the galaxies evolved through merger and evolution. In this work, we discuss a possible probe of the statistical distribution and evolution of the H I density in the post reionization era. We introduce an estimator of the H I power spectrum from the post reionization universe by observing it through the strong gravitational lenses by the nearby galaxy cluster. We also analytically calculate the uncertainties associated with the estimates of the post-EoR power spectrum for the discussed estimator. We access the efficacy of this estimator in the context of 19 galaxy clusters for which the lensing potential has been estimated earlier by various authors. We find that by combining the lensed power spectrum through eight of these cluster lenses, it is possible to estimate the post-reionization H I power spectrum at five-sigma significance for angular multipoles < 4000 for a uGMRT observation of 16 MHz bandwidth from redshifts of 1.25, 1.5 with a total of 400 hours of observation. With the same setup, for a redshift of 3.0, we need 200 hours of total observation time. The estimator also suppresses the diffused galactic foreground, though, the latter is still a dominant contributor to the overall signal and hence need to be estimated and mitigated. We discuss the merits and demerits of the estimator.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures