Speonemadus bolivari
Creators: name: Reboleira, Ana Sofa P. S.
name: Fresneda, Javier
name: Salgado, José Maria
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Leiodidae
Speonemadus
Speonemadus bolivari

description: Speonemadus bolivari (Jeannel, 1922)
Anemadus (Speonemadus) bolivari Jeannel, 1922: 48, 59.
Speonemadus bolivari – Jeannel 1936: 220.
Type locality
“Cueva de la Doña Trinidad, term. mun. de Ardales, partido de Campillos, provincia de Málaga” (Jeannel 1922).
Material examined
SPAIN: Granada: 10 ♂♂, 10 ♀♀, Íllora, Sierra de Parapanda, Cerro de la Mesa, Sima San Rafael, 9 Mar. 2013, GEG leg. (CPB; CJMS); many ♂♂ and ♀♀, Piñar, Cueva de Pagarrecio, 15 Dec. 2012 and 10 Mar. 2013, GEG leg. (CFL, CPB, CJMS, CZULE). — Málaga: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Ardales, Cueva de Ardales, 17 Oct. 2006, Barranco and Ruíz-Avilés leg. (CFL); 6 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀, Ardales, Cueva de Doña Trinidad, 17 Jan. 2007, Barranco and Ruíz-Avilés leg. (CPB, CJMS); many ♂♂ and ♀♀, Antequera, Cueva de los Higuerones IX, karst en yesos de Gobantes-Meliones, 28 Nov. 2009 and 30 Sep. 2010, GES-SEM leg. (CFL, CPB, CJMS); 4 ♂♂, Benaoján, Sierra de Grazalema, Cueva de la Pileta, 17 Jan. 2007, Barranco leg. (CJMS); 1 ♂, Benalmádena, Cueva de los Botijos, 31 Jul. 1977, Abad leg. (CFL); 1 ♀, Tolox, Sima Raja Helada, 28 Sep. 2009; 1 ♂♂ and 3 ♀♀, same locality, 25 Jul. 2008, GES-SEM leg. (CPB, CJMS).
Previous records
SPAIN: Málaga:Ardales, Cueva de Doña Trinidad (Jeannel 1922, 1936; Coiffait 1954; Ribera 1970; Blas 1976, 1977, 1979, 1989; Tinaut 1998; Giachino & Vailati 1993; Barranco 2005; Fresneda et al. 2007; Pérez 2015); Antequera; Complejo del Romeral, (Fresneda 2008, Fresneda et al. 2011); Antequera, karst en yesos de Gobantes-Meliones, Cueva del Yeso (Fresneda 2008); Benaoján, Cueva de la Pileta (Blas 1989; Giachino & Vailati 1993; Tinaut 1998; Fresneda et al. 2007); 1 ♀ Ronda, Sima del Hoyo Jaralón, 16 May 1922 (Blas 1979, 1989; Giachino & Vailati 1993; Tinaut 1998; Pérez 2015); Ronda, Sierra de las Nieves, Cueva del Rejete (Coiffait 1954; Ribera 1970; Blas 1976, 1977, 1979, 1989; Giachino & Vailati 1993; Tinaut 1998; Pérez 2015); Ronda, Sumidero del Rejete (Blas 1976, 1989); Sierra de Ronda, Sima E Las Palomas (Blas 1979, 1989; Tinaut 1998). — Granada: “Loja, 4.1909, Exp. del Museo, coll. Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris” (MNHN) (Szymczakowski 1970).
Redescription
BODY. Length 3.9–4.5 (males) and 4.1–4.5 mm (females), body width 1.3–1.4 mm (males) and 1.4– 1.6 mm (females). Body shape very long and slender (Fig. 3). The Integument light brown, slightly darker on the head. Pubescence fairly long, golden and slightly raised. Head retractable with welldeveloped eyes; pubescence adpressed on its forehead and slightly raised on the clypeus.
ANTENNAE. Long, slender, light brown and extended beyond the basal fourth of elytra; 3rd antennomere slightly longer than the 2nd one; 6th one shorter than 4th and 5th ones, and the latter one as long as the 7th one; 8th almost 1.5 × longer than wide (Table 1).
PRONOTUM. Slightly transverse, maximum width/ length ratio = 1.23–1.39 (males) and 1.28–1.36 mm (females); with a maximum width towards the middle; basal impressions are not hardly noticeable; side edges regularly arched forward, almost straight and towards the posterior angles that are obtuse and rounded in the vertex (Fig. 10); pronotal base as wide as elytral base; sculpture has a coarse granularity with obvious microsculpture.
ELYTRA. Elliptical and elongated with rounded apical areas, maximum length / width ratio = 1.95– 2.04 (males) and 1.88–1.98 mm (females); elytral disc is slightly convex, and briefly depressed along suture at half of basal part. Sutural stria and discal striae well marked.
Male
Genital segment very similar to the other species of the escalarai -group and following the model described for Speonemadus algarvensis sp. nov. Aedeagus long, 1.1 mm; basal lamina of median lobe well developed and more than half of the median lobe length; ventral blade of tegmen short, inconsistent and forms the widest part of the aedeagus. In dorsal view, median lobe is bottle-shaped, with converging sides towards the base and narrowed distally; apex tapers and ends in a triangular tip with the sides slightly beaded dorsally (Fig. 23). Parameres robust, only curved forwards; apical parts obliquely truncated on the inner side, where four setae are inserted, three thin, subequal, and a larger one, as well as a thick and well sclerotized small tooth. Inner sac with two longitudinal chains formed by small sclerotized parts and surrounded by two longer chains of fine and sharp spines that come together in the apical region, but do not form a typical sclerotized tooth as in other species.
LEGS. Quite long; the protibial keel is elevated in the anterior middle third, showing a single, well marked, projection angle (Fig. 18); first three protarsomeres dilated, being the first almost as wide as the apical tip of the protibia; mesotibia strongly arched and metatibia straight.
Female
Antennae slightly shorter and more robust than in the male, reaching third basal part of elytra; 2nd antennomere is slightly longer than the 3rd one and 5th one longer than 4th and 6th ones; the 8th being clearly longer than wide (Table 1). Pronotum less transverse, but appears longer (Fig. 11). Elytra elliptical and elongated with notched and serrated apical areas. The sexual dimorphism is clear for all species of this group, as well as the structures in uroventrites 7th and 8th, and spermatheca model.
Biology and ecology
Subterranean species, found in deep areas of scattered caves, under stones or on calcite mantles. Groups of adults and larvae have been found in small accumulations of organic matter, such as bat guano.
Distribution
Speonemadus bolivari is endemic to several karst caves located in a narrow strip within the province of Málaga, between the Serrania de Ronda, at the western limit, and the karst areas at its border with the province of Granada, such as the Romeral complex, at its eastern limit. The three distribution records for the Granada province are located to the north and east of the massif of the Sierra Nevada (Fig. 32).
description: Published as part of Reboleira, Ana Sofa P. S., Fresneda, Javier & Salgado, José Maria, 2017, A new species of Speonemadus from Portugal, with the revision of the escalerai-group (Coleoptera, Leiodidae), pp. 1-23 in European Journal of Taxonomy 261 on pages 15-16, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.261, http://zenodo.org/record/885318