cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Variability of EGRET Gamma-Ray Sources
Creators: name: Nolan, P. L.
name: Tompkins, W. F.
name: Grenier, I. A.
name: Michelson, P. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The variability of the high-energy gamma ray sources in the Third EGRET catalog is analyzed by a new method. We re-analyze the EGRET data to calculate a likelihood function for the flux of each source in each observation, both for detections and upper limits. These functions can be combined in a uniform manner with a simple model of the flux distribution to characterize the flux variation by a confidence interval for the relative standard deviation of the flux. The main result is a table of these values for almost all the cataloged sources. As expected, the identified pulsars are steady emitters and the blazars are mostly highly variable. The unidentified sources are heterogeneous, with greater variation at higher Galactic latitude. There is an indication that pulsar wind nebulae are associated with variable sources. There is a population of variable sources along the Galactic plane, concentrated in the inner spiral arms.
description: Accepted by ApJ. 13 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables. Machine-readable copies of Table 1 are at http://giants.stanford.edu/~pln/vartbl1/
Impact of van der Waals forces on the classical shuttle instability
Creators: name: Nord, T.
name: Isacsson, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effects of including the van der Waals interaction in the modelling of the single electron shuttle have been investigated numerically. It is demonstrated that the relative strength of the vdW-forces and the elastic restoring forces determine the characteristics of the shuttle instability. In the case of weak elastic forces and low voltages the grain is trapped close to one lead, and this trapping can be overcome by Coulomb forces by applying a bias voltage $V$ larger than a threshold voltage $V_{\rm u}$. This allows for grain motion leading to an increase in current by several orders of magnitude above the transition voltage $V_{\rm u}$. Associated with the process is also hysteresis in the I-V characteristics.
description: minor revisions, updated references, Article published in Phys. Rev. B 69, 035309 (2004)
Innovation by Food Companies Key to Growth and Profitability
Creators: name: Stewart, Hayden
name: Martinez, Steve
name: Stewart, Hayden
name: Martinez, Steve
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
Production Economics

description: Consumers today are demanding an increasingly wide variety of foods, retail formats, and restaurant concepts. Food manufacturers, distributors, retailers, and foodservice operators face additional demands as they strive to profitably supply the large variety of goods and services on time and in the correct quantity. The task facing the food industry is neither easy nor cost-free. Some food firms are responding to the challenge by making innovative operational changes, reshaping how they work together with other members of the food supply chain and how they organize themselves as individual companies. Most notably, many food retailers are working more closely with distributors and manufacturers to best serve the consumer. Also, many individual firms at each stage of the supply chain are adjusting the size and scope of their operations.
Workload-Aware DRAM Error Prediction using Machine Learning
Creators: name: Mukhanov, Lev
name: Tovletoglou, Konstantinos
name: Vandierendonck, Hans
name: Nikolopoulos, Dimitrios S.
name: Karakonstantis, Georgios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: B.3.4

description: The aggressive scaling of technology may have helped to meet the growing demand for higher memory capacity and density, but has also made DRAM cells more prone to errors. Such a reality triggered a lot of interest in modeling DRAM behavior for either predicting the errors in advance or for adjusting DRAM circuit parameters to achieve a better trade-off between energy efficiency and reliability. Existing modeling efforts may have studied the impact of few operating parameters and temperature on DRAM reliability using custom FPGAs setups, however they neglected the combined effect of workload-specific features that can be systematically investigated only on a real system. In this paper, we present the results of our study on workload-dependent DRAM error behavior within a real server considering various operating parameters, such as the refresh rate, voltage and temperature. We show that the rate of single- and multi-bit errors may vary across workloads by 8x, indicating that program inherent features can affect DRAM reliability significantly. Based on this observation, we extract 249 features, such as the memory access rate, the rate of cache misses, the memory reuse time and data entropy, from various compute-intensive, caching and analytics benchmarks. We apply several supervised learning methods to construct the DRAM error behavior model for 72 server-grade DRAM chips using the memory operating parameters and extracted program inherent features. Our results show that, with an appropriate choice of program features and supervised learning method, the rate of single- and multi-bit errors can be predicted for a specific DRAM module with an average error of less than 10.5 %, as opposed to the 2.9x estimation error obtained for a conventional workload-unaware error model.
Evolutionary Bin Packing for Memory-Efficient Dataflow Inference Acceleration on FPGA
Creators: name: Kroes, Mairin
name: Petrica, Lucian
name: Cotofana, Sorin
name: Blott, Michaela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Convolutional neural network (CNN) dataflow inference accelerators implemented in Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) have demonstrated increased energy efficiency and lower latency compared to CNN execution on CPUs or GPUs. However, the complex shapes of CNN parameter memories do not typically map well to FPGA on-chip memories (OCM), which results in poor OCM utilization and ultimately limits the size and types of CNNs which can be effectively accelerated on FPGAs. In this work, we present a design methodology that improves the mapping efficiency of CNN parameters to FPGA OCM. We frame the mapping as a bin packing problem and determine that traditional bin packing algorithms are not well suited to solve the problem within FPGA- and CNN-specific constraints. We hybridize genetic algorithms and simulated annealing with traditional bin packing heuristics to create flexible mappers capable of grouping parameter memories such that each group optimally fits FPGA on-chip memories. We evaluate these algorithms on a variety of FPGA inference accelerators. Our hybrid mappers converge to optimal solutions in a matter of seconds for all CNN use-cases, achieve an increase of up to 65% in OCM utilization efficiency for deep CNNs, and are up to 200$\times$ faster than current state-of-the-art simulated annealing approaches.
description: To appear in GECCO 2020 Proceedings
Spectral multipliers for Schrödinger operators
Creators: name: Zheng, Shijun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 42B15, 35J10

description: We prove a sharp Hörmander multiplier theorem for Schrödinger operators $H=-Δ+V$ on $\mathbb{R}^n$. The result is obtained under certain condition on a weighted $L^\infty$ estimate, coupled with a weighted $L^2$ estimate for $H$, which is a weaker condition than that for nonnegative operators via the heat kernel approach. Our approach is elaborated in one dimension with potential $V$ belonging to certain critical weighted $L^1$ class. Namely, we assume that $\int (1+|x|) |V(x)|dx$ is finite and $H$ has no resonance at zero. In the resonance case we assume $\int (1+|x|^2) |V(x)| dx$ is finite.
description: 26 Pages
Farm Business Practices Coordinate Production With Consumer Preferences
Creators: name: Martinez, Steve
name: Davis, David E.
name: Martinez, Steve
name: Davis, David E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
Farm Management
Production Economics

description: Consumer pressures placed on agriculture for variety, quality, and safety are affecting how the industry is organized, including the types of buying and selling arrangements within the food supply chain and the application of information technologies. Farm production is becoming more capital intensive, with emphasis placed on adding value to commodities. Product differentiation and quality control are becoming more essential at the farm level. In some agricultural industries, contract production is becoming more common as food processors and distributors attempt to gain greater control over their products and ensure market outlets. Some contract arrangements specify particular production practices, such as the use of specific genetic strains or organic farming techniques. In other types of contracts, the food processor gains greater control over farm products by providing important inputs, such as the animals, feed, and management services. As contracts become more common, they replace traditional methods of buying and selling large supplies of homogeneous agricultural commodities. Traditionally, these products were conducive to buying and selling without prior commitments placed on producers, and with little control over the commodities by buyers. When the products were ready for sale, producers would take them to an auction market, terminal market, storage facility, or buying station and sell the products at the going market price in that region. Prices paid at these open, or spot, markets are referred to as spot prices.The extent of contracting varies widely across agricultural sectors (fig. 1). Nearly all poultry is produced under contract, but less than 15 percent of total grains are produced under contract. The changeover to contracting also varies by commodity. For example, in the broiler industry, contracting has been widely used since the 1950s and accounted for 93 percent of production by 1960. In the hog industry, increases in contracting are more recent. In grain markets, contracting represents a small, but growing, presence.
Congestion and decongestion in a communication network
Creators: name: Singh, Brajendra K.
name: Gupte, Neelima
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study network traffic dynamics in a two dimensional communication network with regular nodes and hubs. If the network experiences heavy message traffic, congestion occurs due to finite capacity of the nodes. We discuss strategies to manipulate hub capacity and hub connections to relieve hub congestion. We find that the betweenness centrality (BC) criterion is useful for identifying hubs which are most likely to cause congestion, and that the addition of assortative connections to hubs of high BC relieves congestion most efficiently.
description: submitted to Phys Rev Lett, 3 figures
The Effect of Dark Matter on Stars at the Galactic Center: The Paradox of Youth Problem
Creators: name: Hassani, Ebrahim
name: Pazhouhesh, Reza
name: Ebadi, Hossein
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stars that evolve near the Galactic massive black hole show strange behaviors. The spectroscopic features of these stars show that they must be old. But their luminosities are much higher than the amounts that are predicted by the current stellar evolutionary models, which means that they must be active and young stars. In fact this group of stars shows signatures of old and young stars, simultaneously. This is a paradox known as the "paradox of youth problem" (PYP). Some people tried to solve the PYP without supposing dark matter effects on stars. But, in this work, we implemented Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) annihilation as a new source of energy inside such stars. This implementation is logical for stars that evolve at high dark matter density environments. The new source of energy causes stars to follow different evolutionary paths on the H-R diagram in comparison with classical stellar evolutionary models. Increasing dark matter density in stellar evolutionary simulations causes the deviations from the standard H-R diagrams becomes more pronounced. By investigating the effects of WIMPs density on stellar structures and evolutions, we concluded that by considering dark matter effects on stars at the Galactic center, it is possible to solve the PYP. In addition to dark matter effect, complete solutions to PYP must consider all extreme and unique physical conditions that are present near the Galactic massive black hole.
description: 14 Pages, 6 Figures, 1 Table, Accepted for publication in International Journal of Modern Physics D (IJMPD) journal
Chandra Observations of the Three Most Metal-Deficient Blue Compact Dwarf Galaxies known in the Local Universe, SBS 0335-052, SBS 0335-052W, and I Zw 18
Creators: name: Thuan, T. X.
name: Bauer, F. E.
name: Papaderos, P.
name: Izotov, Y. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an X-ray study of the three most metal-deficient blue compact dwarf (BCD) galaxies known in the local Universe, based on deep Chandra observations of SBS 0335-052 (0.025 solar abundance), SBS 0335-052W (0.02 solar abundance) and I Zw 18 (0.02 solar abundance). All three are detected, with more than 90% of their X-ray emission arising from point-like sources. The 0.5-10.0 keV luminosities of these point sources are in the range (1.3-8.5)x1e39 erg/s. We interpret them to be single or a collection of high-mass X-ray binaries, the luminosities of which may have been enhanced by the low metallicity of the gas. There are hints of faint extended diffuse X-ray emission in both SBS 0335-052 and I Zw 18, probably associated with the superbubbles visible in both BCDs. The spectrum of I Zw 18 shows a OVIII hydrogen-like emission line. The best spectral fit gives an O overabundance of the gas in the X-ray point source by a factor of ~7 with respect to the Sun, or a factor of ~350 with respect to the O abundance determined for the HII region.
description: emulateapj.cls used, 7 pages, 7 figures + 1 table, accepted for publication in ApJ
Dibaryons as carriers of strong internucleon interactions and a basis for nuclear physics based on QCD
Creators: name: Kukulin, V. I.
name: Pomerantsev, V. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New concept of intermediate- and short-range nuclear force proposed by the authors a few years ago is discussed briefly. The general concept is based on an assumption on generation of the dressed dibaryon in intermediate state in $NN$ interaction. This new mechanism has been shown to lead not only to numerous new predictions in hadronic physics but also should be responsible for a large portion of nuclear binding energy and properties of nuclear wavefunctions at high momenta.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, Talk on Int. Conference on QCD in Hadron Physics, Beijing, June 16-20,2005
Can co-ops become energy producers too? Challenges and prospects for efficient co-generation in India's co-operative sugar sector
Creators: name: Ranganathan, Malini
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Electricity supply in India has not kept pace with rapid urbanization and is projected to be in even greater shortfall in the coming decades. India’s sugar sector – one of the largest in the world – could provide approximately 5,000 MW of power through high efficiency bagasse cogeneration with export of surplus power to the grid network. From the perspective of the sugar sector, diversification into energy production holds the key to survival due to a crash in the price of commodity foods the world over. My project focuses on Maharashtra, a large sugar producing state in India where almost all sugar is produced by cooperatives – farmer-owned entities that serve important social functions in the countryside. It evaluates the particular financial, institutional, and political characteristics of cooperative sugar mills that have prevented them from becoming electricity producers. It finds that domestic renewable energy programs and international projects have not as yet taken into account the financial circumstances of cooperative mills. Some recommendations include introducing alternative financing mechanisms; augmenting interaction and learning among cooperatives; and regulatory policies conducive to renewable power generation. In addition, it finds that if cooperative sugar in India is to emerge as a viable and independent energy producer, systemic changes in the sugar sector as a whole will have to be made.
title: Драматургия А. П. Чехова и кинематограф: реализация эксцентричных авторских установок в действенном режиме кадра
Creators: name: Безруков, Андрей Николаевич
Publisher: name: Studia Humanitatis
Year: 2017
Subjects: ДРАМА
ЖАНР
АВТОР
РЕЦЕПЦИЯ ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННОГО ТЕКСТА
КИНЕМАТОГРАФ
ЭКСЦЕНТРИКА
ЧЕХОВ
DRAMA
GENRE
AUTHOR
RECEPTION OF LITERARY TEXT
CINEMATOGRAPHY
ECCENTRICITY
CHEKHOV

description: В статье осуществлен анализ художественной специфики драматургического наследия А.П. Чехова, основанный на реализации отечественных киновариантов. Чеховские пьесы многозначны в версиях прочтений, исследовательских толкований, режиссерских интерпретаций. Эксцентрика в драматургии Чехова явление достаточно частотное. В художественном тексте данный прием становится не столько средством эстетического рисования, сколько формой пересоздания, трансформации реальности, изменения отношения к ней. Разверстка текстовой формы видоизменяет реальное бытие героя и мира в кинокадр, конкретный визуальный образ в условный знак. Киноискусство позволяет соединить чеховский текстовый блок с орнаментальностью изображения.The article analyses the art specificity of Chekhov’s legacy in dramatic art based on implementing in national film industry. Chekhov’s drama is divertive in its interpretation by the reader, the researcher, and in the director’s cut. Eccentricity frequently occurs in his dramaturgy. In literary text this device is not only a part of aesthetic picturing but also the form of overthinking, transformation of reality and changing the attitude to reality. The main division of the text form alters the character’s reality and his life into the moving picture frame, and changes the set visual representation into the symbol. Cinematic art allows to connect Chekhov’s text to the ornamentality of the image.
Phasing diffuse scattering. Application of the SIR2002 algorithm to the non-crystallographic phase problem
Creators: name: Carrozzini, B.
name: Cascarano, G. L.
name: De Caro, L.
name: Giacovazzo, C.
name: Marchesini, S.
name: Chapman, H. N.
name: He, H.
name: Howells, M. R.
name: Wu, J. S.
name: Weierstall, U.
name: Spence, J. C. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new phasing algorithm has been used to determine the phases of diffuse elastic X-ray scattering from a non-periodic array of gold balls of 50 nm diameter. Two-dimensional real-space images, showing the charge-density distribution of the balls, have been reconstructed at 50 nm resolution from transmission diffraction patterns recorded at 550 eV energy. The reconstructed image fits well with scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of the same sample. The algorithm, which uses only the density modification portion of the SIR2002 program, is compared with the results obtained via the Gerchberg-Saxton-Fienup HIO algorithm. In this way the relationship between density modification in crystallography and the HiO algorithm used in signal and image processing is elucidated.
description: 7 pages, 12 figures
Investigating the early life history of bay scallop, Argopecten irradians, using mesocosm experiments
Creators: name: Lynch, Samantha
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2021

description: Bay scallops, Argopecten irradians, were once an abundant estuarine species, associated with seagrass beds ranging from the Gulf coast and along the Eastern coast of the United States. However, due to the presence of harmful algal blooms (HABs), loss of seagrass habitat, and increased predation, bay scallop populations have significantly declined across their entire range. Restoration efforts are underway in many coastal water bodies with varying success. Important data gaps regarding habitat requirements for bay scallops at all life history stages still remain. It was the overall goal of this dissertation project to identify and further examine those data gaps. Bay scallop life history can be divided into three segments: (1) pelagic larva, (2) juvenile, and (3) adult. Each stage has its own unique habitat requirements and specific selection pressures. This body of work was comprised of four main objectives, (1) determine if ctenophores prey upon bay scallop larvae, (2) quantify bay scallop larvae swimming behavior under different environmental conditions, (3) determine if juvenile bay scallops selectively prefer seagrass blades coated with epiphytes, and (4) examine the effects of seagrass shoot density on adult bay scallop survival, growth, and physiological health. The main research findings were, (1) ctenophores are important predators of bay scallop larvae, (2) bay scallop larvae mostly hover when exposed to salinities in the range of 20 to 30 ppt, but when exposed to warm conditions (30ºC), they swim upwards at a faster rate than those in 23ºC conditions, (3) juvenile scallops do not demonstrate a preference for seagrass blades coated in epiphytes and were instead observed to attach to any available vertical substrate, and (4) increasing seagrass shoot density adversely impacted the concentration of bioavailable phytoplankton but did not have a negative effect on bay scallop health. Taken together, these results suggest that predation is an important driving factor inhibiting bay scallop population recovery. Restoration efforts need to account for predation at the larval stage. Suitable habitat for larval settlement needs to be identified and maintained as juveniles and adults will continue to require it as a spatial refuge from predation.
Can co-ops become energy producers too? Challenges and prospects for efficient co-generation in India's co-operative sugar sector
Creators: name: Ranganathan, Malini
Publisher: name: American University (Washington, D.C.)
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 3599
subject: Other commerce, management, tourism and services

description: Electricity supply in India has not kept pace with rapid urbanization and is projected to be in even greater shortfall in the coming decades. India’s sugar sector – one of the largest in the world – could provide approximately 5,000 MW of power through high efficiency bagasse cogeneration with export of surplus power to the grid network. From the perspective of the sugar sector, diversification into energy production holds the key to survival due to a crash in the price of commodity foods the world over. My project focuses on Maharashtra, a large sugar producing state in India where almost all sugar is produced by cooperatives – farmer-owned entities that serve important social functions in the countryside. It evaluates the particular financial, institutional, and political characteristics of cooperative sugar mills that have prevented them from becoming electricity producers. It finds that domestic renewable energy programs and international projects have not as yet taken into account the financial circumstances of cooperative mills. Some recommendations include introducing alternative financing mechanisms; augmenting interaction and learning among cooperatives; and regulatory policies conducive to renewable power generation. In addition, it finds that if cooperative sugar in India is to emerge as a viable and independent energy producer, systemic changes in the sugar sector as a whole will have to be made.
THE COMPETITIVE POSITION OF SOUTH AFRICAN AGRICULTURE: AN ANALYSIS OF SUPPLY AND DEMAND
Creators: name: Nieuwoudt, W. L.
name: Nieuwoudt, W. L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1986
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Demand and Price Analysis
International Development

description: The competitive position of South African agriculture has been well researched in recent papers by the South African Agricultural Union "Die Mededingendheid van die Landbou .", in the paper "Ekonomiese Knelpunte in die Landbou . . ." and research by Groenewald, "Veranderings in die pariteitsposisie van die Suid-Afrikaanse Landbou". In these papers the worsening competitive position was discussed and it was shown that input prices have increased more than product prices, producer prices have increased more than export prices, interest on farm debt is choking farmers because of more market related interest rates and import tariff protection has escalated input costs. These factors, coupled with the crippling drought, have magnified the farmers financial and cash flow problems. This paper focuses on some possible short-term changes. It will be shown that the rand exchange rate has fallen more than can be explained by inflation rates, leading to a corresponding increase in export prices since 1983. The theme of this paper is also that food production in South Africa is profitable, that agriculture is basically efficient and that farmers should be allowed to feel market forces. South African farmers are also assured of a steady growth in local demand because the South African population growth rate is a high 2,9% compared to less than 1% in the USA. The income elasticity of demand for food is also much higher in South Africa than in the USA, indicating higher potential growth in local food demand.
Entrevista com Alberto João Ferreira por Jochua Abrão Baloi
Creators: name: Baloi, Jochua Abrão
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 160699 Political Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: 160603 Comparative Government and Politics
subject: 160510 Public Policy

description: Esta entrevista é fruto do Trabalho de Campo realizado no âmbito da pesquisa sobre a descentralização em Moçambique e sobre a análise do atual Pacote da Descentralização que preconiza por um lado,a existência de órgãos da governação provincial e distrital e, por outro lado, as autarquias locais.
title: Краткий обзор неканонических православных юрисдикций, действующих на территории Самарской митрополии
Creators: name: Бочков, Павел Владимирович
Publisher: name: Studia Humanitatis
Year: 2017
Subjects: САМАРСКАЯ МИТРОПОЛИЯ
НЕКАНОНИЧЕСКИЕ ЮРИСДИКЦИИ
РАСКОЛ
ЦЕРКОВНОЕ РАЗДЕЛЕНИЕ
СТАРООБРЯДЦЫ
РПЦЗ
РИПЦ
РПЦЗ(В)
РПЦЗ(АГ)
ПРИХОДЫ
ОБЩИНЫ
SAMARA METROPOLIA
NONCANONICAL JURISDICTION
SCHISM
CHURCH DISSENT
OLD BELIEVERS
RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH OUTSIDE RUSSIA
RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH
WARD
COMMUNITY

description: В статье рассматриваются неканонические организации, общины верующих и клирики, входящие в неканонические православные юрисдикции, действующие на канонической территории Самарской митрополии Русской Православной Церкви. Не смотря на резкое неприятие законной церковной структуры, данные общины не смогли привлечь в свои ряды большое количество приверженцев и широко распространить раскол. Практически все описанные в статье раскольнические группы пребывают в состоянии канонической изоляции и периодически меняют свою юрисдикционную принадлежность. Особое внимание в статье уделено общинам, ранее состоящим в юрисдикции Русской Православной Церкви Заграницей.The article reviews noncanonical orthodox organizations, communities of believers and clerics included into noncanonical orthodox jurisdiction in force on the territory of Samara Metropolia of the Russian Orthodox Church. Despite abhorrence of the legal church these communities could not bring a lot of adepts into their fold and extend the schism. Almost all described factious groups stay canonically isolated, and sometimes change their jurisdiction. Special focus in the article is on the communities that used to remain under the jurisdiction of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia.
EFFECT OF VARIABLE WATER SUPPLY AND QUALITY ON DESIRABLE CROP PRODUCTION PATTERNS
Creators: name: Groenewald, J. A.
name: Van Zyl, J.
name: Groenewald, J. A.
name: Van Zyl, J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1986
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Availability of resources, including water, is a major consideration in the choice of irrigated crops. This problem is compounded by variations in water supplies. For maximum profit, the marginal revenue to water applications must at the last usable unit be the same for all crops or uses. With abundant water, profit is maximized with expansion of high water requirement crops relative to water-economising crops. Empirical evidence shows that profit maximization is achieved if returns to the scarcest, most limiting resources available are at a maximum. Thus, in certain situations, land or water resources may have to be left idle to maximize profit. Imperfect knowledge arising from unpredictable variability leads to risk in agricultural production. Rational decision-making under risk is choice consistent with the decision maker's beliefs about the uncertainty he faces and with his preferences for possible consequences. With uncertain water supplies, the manager could adopt more conservative estimates. An optimal risky decision is one that maximizes the decision-maker's subjective expected utility. This can be determined by using stochastic efficiency analysis, mean variance analysis or simulation.
A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE DEMAND FOR MAIZE IN SOUTH AFRICA
Creators: name: Van Zyl, J.
name: Van Zyl, J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1986
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Demand and Price Analysis
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: In a dynamic economic situation, decisions concerning price, promotion, distribution, production and product policy must be made almost continually. Ample knowledge and information, amongst others, of various demand factors are necessary for the composition and maintenance of an efficient marketing strategy. Only then is there a thorough base for business control, strategic planning and forecasting. In this study it was endeavoured to determine some characteristics of the demand for maize in South Africa. Several important coefficients, for example price elasticity, income elasticity and cross-elasticity of the total demand for maize as well as that of individual components thereof, were calculated. These coefficients should provide useful and almost indispensable information concerning the effects of price changes, and mutual substitution and complementarity.
Anisotropy-induced Extrinsic Chirality and Chiral Discrimination of Surface Plasmon Polaritons
Creators: name: Zhang, Qiang
name: Li, Junqing
name: Zhao, Rui
name: Liu, Xingguang
name: Dirbeba, Gebeyehu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the characteristics of a simple waveguiding structure constructed by anisotropic birefringent crystal-metal-chiral medium, anisotropic-metal-chiral in short, and reveal the chiral-dependent dispersion and propagation properties of the surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). We demonstrate its remarkable discrimination ability to the magnitude and sign of both the real and imaginary part of the chirality parameter. The anisotropy plays a key role in such performance and shows tuneable ability in enantiomeric discrimination even when the chirality parameter is complex-valued. Most importantly, the physical origin of chiral discrimination stems from the extrinsic chirality of the system, which arises from the mutual orientation of the SPPs and the optical axis. Moreover, we also clarify the fundamental physics behind the chiral discriminating behaviour by associating the intrinsic quantum spin Hall effect (QSHE) of the SPPs with the electromagnetic field analysis. This structure does not rely on complicated fabrication but provides the opportunity of on-chip surface-sensitive biosensing. We anticipate that our work will stimulate intensive research to investigate the anisotropy-induced chiral sensing techniques in plasmonic platforms.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
An Extensive Census of HST Counterparts to Chandra X-ray Sources in the Globular Cluster 47 Tucanae. II. Time Series and Analysis
Creators: name: Edmonds, Peter D.
name: Gilliland, Ronald L.
name: Heinke, Craig O.
name: Grindlay, Jonathan E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report time series and variability information for the optical identifications of X-ray sources in 47 Tuc reported in Paper I. The eight CVs with secure orbital periods have fainter accretion disks, in the V band, than field CVs with similar periods. These faint disks and the faint absolute magnitudes (Mv) of the 47 Tuc CVs suggests they have low accretion rates. The median Fx/Fopt value for the 47 Tuc CVs is higher than that of all known classes of field CV, because of both the faint Mv values and the relatively high X-ray luminosities (Lx). The latter are only seen in DQ Her systems in the field, but the 47 Tuc CVs are much fainter optically than most field DQ Hers. Some combination of magnetic behavior and low accretion rates may be able to explain our observations, but the results at present are ambiguous, since no class of field CV has distributions of both Lx and Mv that are consistent with those of the 47 Tuc CVs. The radial distribution of the X-ray detected active binaries is indistinguishable from that of the much larger sample of optical variables detected in previous WFPC2 studies. The X-ray properties of these objects are consistent with those of active binaries found in field studies. One reasonable and one marginal candidate for optical identification of a quiescent LMXB was found (one is already known). Finally, we study the blue variables showing little or no evidence for X-ray emission. Their generally long periods and the absence of flickering suggests they are not CVs. At present we have no satisfactory explanation for these objects, although some may be detached WD-main sequence star binaries.
description: Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal. 34 pages, 24 figures, 5 tables, abridged abstract. Some figures at reduced resolution
Maximum Likelihood Estimation: A Prediction Error Approach
Creators: name: Snyder, Ralph D.
name: Snyder, Ralph D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1990
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: maximum likelihood estimation
subject: fast Givens transformations
subject: Kalman filter
subject: time series analysis

description: In this paper the problem of computing maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters of linear statistical models is considered. The proposed approach relies on the prediction error decomposition of the likelihood function. A distinctive feature is that the required prediction errors are obtained using conventional linear least squares methods rather than the more usual Kalman filter. More specifically, it is shown that the orthogonalization procedure based on fast Givens transformations, used to obtain the triangular representation of the normal equations, automatically yields the one-step ahead prediction errors and their mean squared errors without additional side calculations.
Numerical solution of a class of third-kind Volterra integral equations using Jacobi wavelets
Creators: name: Nemati, Somayeh
name: Lima, Pedro M.
name: Torres, Delfim F. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34D05, 45E10, 65T60

description: We propose a spectral collocation method, based on the generalized Jacobi wavelets along with the Gauss-Jacobi quadrature formula, for solving a class of third-kind Volterra integral equations. To do this, the interval of integration is first transformed into the interval [-1,1], by considering a suitable change of variable. Then, by introducing special Jacobi parameters, the integral part is approximated using the Gauss-Jacobi quadrature rule. An approximation of the unknown function is considered in terms of Jacobi wavelets functions with unknown coefficients, which must be determined. By substituting this approximation into the equation, and collocating the resulting equation at a set of collocation points, a system of linear algebraic equations is obtained. Then, we suggest a method to determine the number of basis functions necessary to attain a certain precision. Finally, some examples are included to illustrate the applicability, efficiency, and accuracy of the new scheme.
description: This is a preprint of a paper whose final and definite form is with 'Numer. Algorithms', Print ISSN 1017-1398, Electronic ISSN 1572-9265, available at [https://www.springer.com/journal/11075]. Submitted 12-Oct-2019; Revised 17-Dec-2019; Accepted 11-Feb-2020
A Market of Inhomogeneous Threshold Cellular Automata
Creators: name: Stauffer, Dietrich
name: Weisbuch, Gerard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article summarizes some physics aspects of the market model of Weisbuch and Stauffer, Physica A (2003): How do demand and quality expectation adjust to each other in a buyer dominated market like cinema visits? And how can business cycles be modelled?
description: For Chennai=Madras conference proceedings, 8 pages including 8 figs, IJMP B?
Additional file 1 of Construct validity of measures of care home resident quality of life: cross-sectional analysis using data from a pilot minimum data set in England
Creators: name: Allan, Stephen
name: Rand, Stacey
name: Towers, Ann-Marie
name: De Corte, Kaat
name: Tracey, Freya
name: Crellin, Elizabeth
name: Lloyd, Therese
name: Carroll, Rachael E.
name: Palmer, Sinead
name: Webster, Lucy
name: Gordon, Adam
name: Smith, Nick
name: Akdur, Gizdem
name: Killett, Anne
name: Spilsbury, Karen
name: Goodman, Claire
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplementary Material 1
A more detailed look at the Opacities for Enriched Carbon and Oxygen Mixtures
Creators: name: Eldridge, J. J.
name: Tout, C. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have included opacity tables in our stellar evolution code that enable us to accurately model the structure of stars composed of mixtures with carbon and oxygen independently enhanced relative to solar. We present tests to demonstrate the effects of the new tables. Two of these are practical examples, the effect on the evolution of a thermally pulsing asymptotic giant branch star and a Wolf-Rayet Star. The changes are small but perceptible.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, 5 tables. Refereed version with corrections resubmitted to MNRAS
Landscape Transformation Influences Responses of Terrestrial Small Mammals to Land Use Intensity in North-Central Namibia
Creators: name: Starik, Nicole
name: Mbango, Oskar Kandali
name: Bengsch, Susanne
name: Göttert, Thomas
name: Zeller, Ulrich
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: land use
subject: livestock grazing
subject: irrigation-based cropping
subject: lucerne
subject: ecological indicator
subject: Gerbilliscus leucogaster
subject: Etosha
subject: rodent pest
subject: Southern Africa
subject: 570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: In this study, we investigate and compare the response patterns of small mammal communities to increasing land use intensity in two study areas: private farmland at the southern boundary of Etosha National Park and smallholder farmland in Tsumeb agricultural area. Species richness, community composition and a standardized capture index (RCI) are compared between sites of (a) increasing grazing pressure of ungulates (Etosha) and (b) increasing conversion of bushland to arable land (Tsumeb). Within each study area, we found clear response patterns towards increasing land use intensity. However, patterns differ significantly between the two areas. Within the less-transformed area (Etosha), high land use intensity results in a decrease in the RCI but not species richness. Small mammal communities remain relatively stable, but ecosystem functions (e.g., bioturbation, seed dispersal) are weakened. Within the more-transformed area (Tsumeb), high land use intensity leads to a decrease in species richness and increasing RCIs of two common pest species. The disappearance of a balanced community and the dramatic increase in a few pest species has the potential to threaten human livelihoods (e.g., crop damage, disease vectors). Our comparative approach clearly indicates that Gerbilliscus leucogaster is a possible candidate for an ecological indicator of ecosystem integrity. Mastomys natalensis has the potential to become an important pest species when bushland is transformed into irrigated arable land. Our results support the importance of area-specific conservation and management measures in savanna ecosystems.
title: An Exploration of Individual Emergent Leaders' Identity Development Through the Use of Learning Biographies
Creators: name: Fox, Alison Ross Craven
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2012

description: The English National College for Leadership of Schools and Children's Services' (NCLSCS) framework for leadership development refers to 'emergent leaders', without being clear what 'emergent' means. This study explores the experiences of those considered as 'emergent leaders' to find out how 'emergence' might be understood. Their development is conceptualised as identity development, by adopting a socio-cultural understanding of the emergent leaders' learning. The focus is on how individuals make meaning of their experiences once in formal leadership roles, so developing their identities. This is important to understand in a context in which schools are experiencing problems with both teacher retention and senior leader recruitment. Five 'emergent' leaders from three English Local Authorities and from Primary, Middle and Secondary schools participated in a series of interviews and 'learning log' activities over periods of 14-36 months. Phase 1 focused on their experiences prior to the start of the study: Phase 2 on their current learning. From the accumulated data set learning biographies were generated. Diverse and personal accounts of identity development were revealed. The study concluded that it was not appropriate to think of 'emergence' in terms of role progression into senior leadership positions, as the NCLSCS framework for leadership might imply. Individuals decided who they wanted to become by making sense of themselves in relation to judgments of their experiences. Whilst three participant leaders did develop identities as aspiring senior leaders, two talked instead of aspiring to be peers, rather than 'leaders'. The study highlighted the central role of talk to identity development and the lack of opportunity for this in schools. This involved reflective 'self talk' as well as talk with others, with the study itself contributing to such 'identity talk'. It is important to develop opportunities (times, spaces, skills and relationships) for talk to support contemporary 'emergent' school leaders'.
The role of gravitational recoil in the assembly of massive black hole seeds
Creators: name: Dunn, Glenna
name: Holley-Bockelmann, Kelly
name: Bellovary, Jillian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When two black holes merge, the asymmetric emission of gravitational waves provides an impulse to the merged system; this gravitational wave recoil velocity can be up to 4000 km s$^{-1}$, easily fast enough for the black hole to escape its host galaxy. We combine semi-analytic modeling with cosmological zoom-in simulations of a Milky Way-type galaxy to investigate the role of black hole spin and gravitational recoil in the epoch of massive black hole seeding. We sample four different spin distributions (random, aligned, anti-aligned, and zero spin), and compare the resulting merger rates, occupation fractions, and MBH-host relations with what is expected by excluding the effect of recoil. The inclusion of gravitational recoil and MBH spin in the assembly of MBH seeds can reduce the final $z=5$ MBH mass by up to an order of magnitude. The MBH occupation fraction, however, remains effectively unaltered due to episodes of black hole formation following a recoil event. While electromagnetic detections of these events are unlikely, LISA is ideally suited to detect gravitational wave signals from such events.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures. Submitted to ApJ
The Phase of the Annual Modulation as a Tool for Determining the WIMP Mass
Creators: name: Lewis, Matthew J.
name: Freese, Katherine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The count rate of Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) dark matter candidates in direct detection experiments experiences an annual modulation due to the Earth's motion around the Sun. In the standard isothermal halo model, the signal peaks near June 2nd at high recoil energies; however, the signal experiences a phase reversal and peaks in December at low energy recoils. We show that this phase reversal may be used to determine the WIMP mass. If an annual modulation were observed with the usual phase ({\it i.e.}, peaking on June 2nd) in the lowest accessible energy recoil bins of the DAMA, CDMS-II, CRESST-II, EDELWEISS-II, GENIUS-TF, ZEPLIN-II, XENON, or ZEPLIN-IV detectors, one could immediately place upper bounds on the WIMP mass of [103, 48, 6, 97, 10, 52, 29, 29] GeV, respectively. In addition, detectors with adequate energy resolution and sufficiently low recoil energy thresholds may determine the crossover recoil energy at which the phase reverses, thereby obtaining an independent measurement of the WIMP mass. We study the capabilities of various detectors, and find that CRESST-II, ZEPLIN-II, and GENIUS-TF should be able to observe the phase reversal in a few years of runtime, and can thus determine the mass of the WIMP if it is $\mathcal{O}(100$ GeV). Xenon based detectors with 1000 kg (XENON and ZEPLIN-IV) and with energy recoil thresholds of a few keV require 25 kg-yr exposure, which will be readily attained in upcoming experiments.
description: 15 pages. Four Figures. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D