cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A New Determination of the Binding Energy of Atomic Oxygen on Dust Grain Surfaces: Experimental Results and Simulations
Creators: name: He, Jiao
name: Shi, Jianming
name: Hopkins, Tyler
name: Vidali, Gianfranco
name: Kaufman, Michael J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The energy to desorb atomic oxygen from an interstellar dust grain surface, $E_{\rm des}$, is an important controlling parameter in gas-grain models; its value impacts the temperature range over which oxygen resides on a dust grain. However, no prior measurement has been done of the desorption energy. We report the first direct measurement of $E_{\rm des}$ for atomic oxygen from dust grain analogs. The values of $E_{\rm des}$ are $1660\pm 60$~K and $1850\pm 90$~K for porous amorphous water ice and for a bare amorphous silicate film, respectively, or about twice the value previously adopted in simulations of the chemical evolution of a cloud. We use the new values to study oxygen chemistry as a function of depth in a molecular cloud. For $n=10^4$ cm$^{-3}$ and $G_0$=10$^2$ ($G_0$=1 is the average local interstellar radiation field), the main result of the adoption of the higher oxygen binding energy is that H$_2$O can form on grains at lower visual extinction $A_{\rm V}$, closer to the cloud surface. A higher binding energy of O results in more formation of OH and H$_2$O on grains, which are subsequently desorbed by FUV radiation, with consequences for gas-phase chemistry. For higher values of $n$ and $G_0$, the higher binding energy can lead to a large increase in the column of H$_2$O but a decrease in the column of O$_2$.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures. Accepted by ApJ
A Retrospective Analysis of Community based Yoga and Ayurveda-led Virtual Support Group for Post-COVID Syndrome
Creators: name: Sharma Neha
name: Pandey Kritika
name: Lakshmanan Skanthesh
name: Joshi Venkata
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Patients with Post COVID syndrome often used Yoga and Ayurveda as one of the most common supportive therapies. However, the effectiveness of these Yoga and Ayurveda-programs has not been assessed. Patients with post-COVID Syndrome who participated in a community-based virtual support group for Pain and Fatigue were retrospectively analysed in this study. The effectiveness of the intervention was measured by the improvement in health outcomes. 12 weeks of a supported self-care intervention resulted in significant improvements in fatigue, quality of life, and self-efficacy for all participants. The community-based support program reduced post viral fatigue by an average of 50.93% (p=0.000) Moreover, by the end of the community-based intervention, self-efficacy had increased by 75.2%. Community-based yoga and Ayurveda programs can improve Post-COVID fatigue, quality of life, and patient self-efficacy when combined with a clinical care plan. To confirm the findings with a larger population, additional research is necessary.
Picasso Fever: A Novel
Creators: name: Rensch, Adam T
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Gus Flynn teaches Literature at Swanton College, a small liberal arts college where his affluent students question the literary merit of suicide letters and ponder the aesthetic ambitions of the Zodiac Killer. Gus, along with his married lover Nina Petrova and apocalyptic colleague Kenny Greenberg, watches from the bucolic campus as unexplained incidents connected to museums and cathedrals begin to spread across the globe. The media dubs the phenomenon “Picasso Fever” to describe how the afflicted enter a fugue-like state after an encounter with art, wandering for days or weeks and waking with no memory of their travels. At first a novelty investigated in the murky world of conspiracy sites, the crisis suddenly reaches Swanton. In the midst of the confusion, Gus wakes to find himself in his hometown of Galaxy, Ohio, unable to account for his movements the previous two weeks. As Picasso Fever explodes into a full-blown pandemic, Gus is confronted by the life he left behind, and by his memories of a missing woman.
The food retail revolution in China and its association with diet and health
Creators: name: Su, Chang
name: Popkin, Barry M.
name: Wang, Huijun
name: Zhang, Bing
name: Du, Shufa
name: Zhou, Yijing
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: The processed food sector in low- and middle-income countries has grown rapidly. Little is understood about its effect on obesity. Using data from 14,976 participants aged two and older in the 2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey, this paper examines patterns of processed food consumption and their impacts on obesity while considering the endogeneity of those who purchase processed foods. A major assumption of our analysis of the impact of processed foods on overweight and obesity was that the consumption of processed foods is endogenous due to their accessibility and urbanicity levels. The results show that 74.5% of participants consumed processed foods, excluding edible oils and other condiments; 28.5% of participants' total daily energy intake (EI) was from processed foods. Children and teenagers in megacities had the highest proportion of EI (40.2%) from processed foods. People who lived in megacities or highly urbanized neighborhoods with higher incomes and educational achievement consumed more processed foods. When controlling for endogeneity, only the body mass index (BMI) and risk of being overweight of children ages two to eighteen are adversely associated with processed foods (+4.97 BMI units, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.66–8.28; odds ratio (OR) = 3.63, 95% CI: 1.45–9.13). Processed food purchases represent less than a third of current Chinese food purchases. However, processed food purchases are growing at the rate of 50% per year, and we must begin to understand the implications for the future.
DARIAH-FI interview guide for service developers
Creators: name: Kumpulainen, Sanna
name: Peltonen, Jaakko
name: Sendra Toset, Anna
name: Late, Elina
name: Alijani, Farid
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: digital humanities
computational social sciences
service developers
research infrastructure

description: Interview guide for service developers interviews regarding a research infrastructure for the digital humanities and computational social sciencies.
Geometric Algorithms for Metric and Graph Learning
Creators: name: Mohammadi, Neshat
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Graph and metric space representations are currently popular due to their multiple applications in modeling complex data sets from social networks to human genome sequences. In this dissertation, we examine various problems on metrics and graphs through the lens of geometric algorithms. The work in this dissertation can be categorized into three parts: Metric learning: In a metric space representation, each element is considered a point, and the similarity or dissimilarity between two objects is encoded by their pairwise distance. Our goal is to find a unique mapping from the initial metric to the host metric. The problem of learning a target underlying distance function can be cast as an optimization problem, where the objective function quantifies the extent to which a solution satisfies the input constraints. In particular, we explore the problem of learning lines with ordinal constraints and propose a solution by leveraging the geometric properties of metric spaces. Stability of metric data: Using Bilu-Linial stability of metrics is a relatively new perspective that can expose interesting structural properties that can motivate a re-exploration of some of the famous NP-hard problems. Bilu-Linial stability introduced a new point of view on complexity, where instead of focusing on worst-case elements of a problem, we instead focus on particular classes of inputs. We study the Steiner tree problem, one of the famous NP problems, under Bilu-Linial stability, and we give strong geometric structural properties that need to be satisfied by stable instances. Then by strengthening and using these geometric properties we show that $1.59$-stable instances of Euclidean Steiner trees are polynomial-time solvable. Graph learning and verification: In a graph learning problem, the goal is to learn or verify a hidden graph or its properties by having query access to the graphs. We study various queries (edge detection, edge counting), for both directed and undirected graphs but we focus mainly on bipartite edge counting queries and on undirected graphs. We give a randomized algorithm for learning graphs using $O(m \log n)$ bipartite edge counting queries as well as a randomized constant-query graph verification algorithm.
Spin Amplification by Controlled Symmetry Breaking for Spin-Based Logic
Creators: name: Kawakami, Roland K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin amplification is one of the most critical challenges for spintronics and spin-based logic in order to achieve spintronic circuits with fan-out. We propose a new concept for spin amplification that will allow a small spin current in a non-magnetic spin channel to control the magnetization of an attached ferromagnet. The key step is to bring the ferromagnet into an unstable symmetric state (USS), so that a small spin transfer torque from a small spin current can provide a magnetic bias to control the spontaneous symmetry breaking and select the final magnetization direction of the ferromagnet. Two proposed methods for achieving the USS configuration are voltage-controlled Curie temperature (VC-TC) and voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VC-MA). We believe the development of new 2D magnetic materials with greater tunability of VC-TC and VC-MA will be needed for practical applications. A successful realization of spin amplification by controlled symmetry breaking will be important for the implementation of existing spin-logic proposals (e.g. "All Spin Logic") and could inspire alternative ideas for spintronic circuits and devices.
description: (6 pages, 3 figures)
Neutrino induced decoherence and variation in nuclear decay rates
Creators: name: Singleton, Douglas
name: Inan, Nader
name: Chiao, Raymond Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent work has proposed that the interaction between ordinary matter and a stochastic gravitational background can lead to the decoherence of large aggregates of ordinary matter. In this work we point out that these arguments can be carried over to a stochastic neutrino background but with the Planck scale of the gravitational decoherence replaced by the weak scale. This implies that it might be possible to observe such neutrino induced decoherence on a small, microscopic system rather than a macroscopic system as is the case for gravitationally induced decoherence. In particular we suggest that neutrino decoherence could be linked with observed variations in the decay rates of certain nuclei. Finally we point out that this proposed neutrino induced decoherence can be considered the complement of the Mikheev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein (MSW) effect.
description: 15 pages revtex, 0 figures, to be published Phys. Lett. A
Evaluating the Relationship Between Sexuality, Psychological Flexibility, and Neurodivergence
Creators: name: Hinman, Jessica Marie
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: The current dissertation's purpose was to examine behavior analysts' competency to provide services to individuals who engage in sexual behavior, their attitudes towards the sexuality of neurodivergent individuals, and better understand the impact of psychological flexibility on those variables. Study one examined the relationship between self-reported competency of behavior analysts to provide services to neurodivergent individuals and attitudes towards the sexuality of individuals with neurodevelopmental disabilities, acceptance of their sexuality, and psychological flexibility. Study two examined the utility of two variations of an online, self-paced sexuality and sexual behavior training program and whether they improved the self-reported competency of behavior analysts to work with neurodivergent individuals who engage in sexual behavior; one which was a standard training and the second was the standard training that included mindfulness and acceptance-based activities. The results of study one found that behavior analysts' attitudes to the sexuality of neurodivergent individuals were statistically significantly associated with their score on the competency assessment (p <.001, R2 = 0.248). The results of study two found that participants who completed either of the sexuality and sexual behavior trainings demonstrated significant improvements on the competency assessment compared to participants who were in the wait-list control group (F (1, 58) = 16.748, p < .001). However, only participants who completed the standard training demonstrated a significant increase in attitudes to the sexuality of neurodivergent individuals from pre- to post-test (t (16) = 4.742, p = 0.0002). Together, the current studies sought to understand better how the field of behavior analysis can be better prepared to promote the sexual empowerment and autonomy of neurodivergent individuals.
Basal reactive oxygen species determine the susceptibility to apoptosis in cirrhotic hepatocytes
Creators: name: Lyman, Suzanne
name: Nitta, Takashi
name: Mohuczy, Dagmara
name: Kim, Jae-Sung
name: Behrns, Kevin E.
name: Lemasters, John J.
name: Raval, Jay
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Hepatocytes from cirrhotic murine livers exhibit increased basal ROS activity and resistance to TGFβ-induced apoptosis, yet when ROS levels are decreased by antioxidant pretreatment, these cells recover susceptibility to apoptotic stimuli. To further study these redox events, hepatocytes from cirrhotic murine livers were pretreated with various antioxidants prior to TGFβ treatment and the ROS activity, apoptotic response, and mitochondrial ROS generation were assessed. In addition, normal hepatocytes were treated with low-dose H2O2 and ROS and apoptotic responses determined. Treatment of cirrhotic hepatocytes with various antioxidants decreased basal ROS and rendered them susceptible to apoptosis. Examination of normal hepatocytes by confocal microscopy demonstrated co-localization of ROS activity and respiring mitochondria. Basal assessment of cirrhotic hepatocytes showed non-focal ROS activity that was abolished by antioxidants. After pretreatment with an adenovirus expressing MnSOD, basal cirrhotic hepatocyte ROS was decreased and TGFβ-induced co-localization of ROS and mitochondrial respiration was present. Treatment of normal hepatocytes with H2O2 resulted in a sustained increase in ROS and resistance to TGFβ apoptosis that was reversed when these cells were pretreated with an antioxidant. In conclusion, cirrhotic hepatocytes have a non-focal distribution of ROS. However, normal and cirrhotic hepatocytes exhibit mitochondrial localization of ROS that is necessary for apoptosis.
The influence of governance structure on local resilience: Enabling and constraining factors for climate change adaptation in practice
Creators: Birchall, S. Jeff
Bonnett, Nicole
Kehler, Sarah
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2023

Across the globe, the need to adapt is urgent. Coastal communities are particularly vulnerable to climate stressors such as rising sea levels and erosion, while more extreme and variable weather events interact to accentuate risk. While local governments are increasingly recognized as a central local actor in climate adaptation, research continues to focus on resilience at municipal or national levels of government, limiting circumstances for analysis of differing governance

structure. Regional government structure can vary drastically, offering a novel opportunity to explore the effects of governance structure on local capacity for resilience. Framed through a resilience lens, this comparative qualitative study analyzes adaptation within two distinct regional governments, finding that unique structural attributes of regional governments can enable or constrain climate adaptation planning. For instance, increased adaptive capacity,

through greater access to critical resources, can facilitate action. In contrast, implementation can be constrained by regional agent priorities and a lack of adaptation consideration in granular planning tools. This study sheds light on how to better utilize strengths of regional governments, and how to integrate interventions within broader policy frameworks to overcome common adaptation barriers.
Endpoint bounds of square functions associated with Hankel multipliers
Creators: name: Kim, Jongchon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove endpoint bounds for the square function associated with radial Fourier multipliers acting on $L^{p}$ radial functions. This is a consequence of endpoint bounds for a corresponding square function for Hankel multipliers. We obtain a sharp Marcinkiewicz-type multiplier theorem for multivariate Hankel multipliers and $L^p$ bounds of maximal operators generated by Hankel multipliers as corollaries. The proof is built on techniques developed by Garrigós and Seeger for characterizations of Hankel multipliers.
description: 26 pages
Viscoelastic and Inertial Focusing of Asymmetric Cells in Spiral Channels
Creators: name: Gao, Hua
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Explosive growth of microfluidics has triggered numerous advances in focusing, separating, ordering, and concentrating of cells Microfluidic systems capable of performing these functions are rapidly finding applications in clinical and biomedical fields. However, most microfluidic methods have been demonstrated using spherical particles in Newtonian fluids. Yet, fluids such as blood, saliva, and cytoplasm are non-Newtonian, and cells such as red blood cells and spermatozoa cells are asymmetrical in shape. These key differences can reduce effectiveness of the microfluidic separation methods. In this work, we use spiral inertial microfluidic devices to investigate migration dynamics and focusing evolution of beads in non-Newtonian, elasto-inertial flows. Coupling of Dean flow that arises from the spiral channel geometry with fluid elasticity yields complex migration behavior. The flow rate, device curvature, and medium viscosity were found to influence lateral migration of cells or particles within these channels. In addition, we used spermatozoa cells to investigate the mechanism of asymmetric shape effects on lateral migration in the spiral channel. The sperm cell migration direction and alignment were found to depend on the flow parameters, leading to differences in focusing equilibrium as compared with spherical particles. Ultimately, insights from this work offer a useful guide to microfluidic device design for improving efficiency of 3D focusing in cell sorting and cytometry applications.
title: For the Bible Tells Me So: An Analysis of Religiosity, Attitudes Towards Women, and Intimate Partner Violence
Creators: name: Parker, Stephen Cecil
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2012

description: Male dominance and intimate partner violence are issues that affect many women. This study examines the relationship between religiosity and attitudes towards women and intimate partner violence. It was hypothesized that individuals with higher levels of religiosity would be more likely to hold traditional/negative attitudes towards women. It was also hypothesized that individuals with higher levels of religiosity would be more likely to be involved in a violent intimate relationship. The study used a sample of 427 students from a large urban university who were surveyed about religiosity, attitudes towards women, and intimate partner violence. The mean age of the respondents was 24.6 with most (75.6%) being female. Intimate partner violence was examined using both physical and psychological aggression questions from the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale. Bivariate and multivariate analyses indicated that those with higher levels of religiosity did hold more traditional/negative attitudes towards women. However, bivariate and multivariate

analyses indicated that there was not a statistically significant relationship between level of religiosity and likelihood of being involved in a violent intimate relationship. The fact that religiosity has a positive relationship with traditional/negative attitudes towards women indicates that the patriarchal nature of most religions may be affecting the way people think about women. While no statistically significant relationship was found between religiosity and intimate partner violence, this issue should not be ignored in future research as it is possible that the large number of women and low age of the respondents in this study skewed the results about relationship violence. Further implications for future research and theory used to guide this research are also discussed.
Ozone enhancement of lower airway allergic inflammation is prevented by γ-tocopherol
Creators: name: Illek, Beate
name: Harkema, Jack R.
name: Wagner, James G.
name: Ames, Bruce N.
name: Peden, David B.
name: Patel, Dhavalkumar D.
name: Jiang, Qing
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Ozone is a commonly encountered environmental oxidant which has been linked to asthma exacerbation in epidemiological studies. Ozone induces airway inflammation and enhances response to inhaled allergen. It has been suggested that antioxidant therapy may minimize the adverse effects of ozone in asthma. We have previously shown that the antioxidant gamma-tocopherol (γT), an isoform of vitamin E, also has anti-inflammatory effects. We employed a Brown Norway rat model of ozone-enhanced allergic responses to test the therapeutic effects of γT on O3-induced airway inflammation. Ovalbumin (OVA) -sensitized rats were intranasally challenged with 0 or 0.5% OVA on Days 1 and 2, and exposed to 0 or 1 ppm ozone (8h/day) on Days 4 and 5. Rats were also given 0 or 100 mg/kg γT on Days 2 through 5. Pulmonary tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected on Day 6. OVA challenge caused increased total cells (267% increase) and eosinophils (4000%) in BALF that was unaffected by ozone exposure. Morphometric evaluation of lung tissue revealed increases in intraepithelial mucosubstances (IM) (300%) and subepithelial eosinophils (400%) in main axial airways. Ozone exposure of allergic rats enhanced IM increases in proximal axial airways (200%), induced cys-leukotrienes, MCP-1 and IL-6 production in BALF, and upregulated expression of IL-5 and IL-13 mRNA. γT treatment had no effect on IM increases by allergen, but blocked enhancement by ozone. γT attenuated both OVA- or ozone –stimulated eosinophilic infiltration, and increases of BALF cys-leukotrienes, MCP-1 and IL-6, as well as IL-5 and IL-13 mRNA. These data demonstrate broad anti-inflammatory effects of a γT and suggest it may be an effective therapy of allergic airway inflammation.
ORGANIZATIONAL FOUNDATIONS FOR ORGANIZING INDEPENDENT WORK IN MATHEMATICS IN AN INFORMATION-BASED EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT
Creators: name: Mirzamakhmudova, Nilufar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: The article studies the theoretical foundations of the development of the methodology of independent educational activities of future teachers in digital education, the pedagogical content of the methodology of independent educational activities of future teachers in digital education, the effectiveness of the development of the methodology of independent educational activities of future teachers in digital education. Also, the methodological aspects of the development of the methodology of independent educational activities of future teachers in digital education are analyzed.
Selenium deficiency alters epithelial cell morphology and responses to influenza
Creators: name: Carson, J.L.
name: Jaspers, I.
name: Brighton, L.E.
name: Beck, M.A.
name: Styblo, M.
name: Zhang, W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: It is unknown whether nutritional deficiencies affect the morphology and function of structural cells, such as epithelial cells, and modify the susceptibility to viral infections. We developed an in vitro system of differentiated human bronchial epithelial cells (BEC) grown either under selenium adequate (Se+) or selenium deficient (Se-) conditions, to determine whether selenium deficiency impairs host defense responses at the level of the epithelium. Se- BECs had normal SOD activity, but decreased activity of the selenium-dependent enzyme GPX1. Interestingly, catalase activity was also decreased in Se- BECs. Both Se- and Se+ BECs differentiated into a mucociliary epithelium; however, Se- BEC demonstrated increased mucus production and increased Muc5AC mRNA levels. This effect was also seen in Se+ BEC treated with 3-aminotriazole, and inhibitor of catalase activity, suggesting an association between catalase activity and mucus production. Both Se- and Se+ were infected with influenza A/Bangkok/1/79 and examined 24 hours post-infection. Influenza-induced IL-6 production was greater while influenza-induced IP-10 production was lower in Se- BECs. In addition, influenza-induced apoptosis was greater in Se- BEC as compared to the Se+ BECs. These data demonstrate that selenium deficiency has a significant impact on the morphology and influenza-induced host defense responses in human airway epithelial cells.
Climate change adaptation: How short-term political priorities trample public well-being
Creators: Kehler, Sarah
Birchall, S. Jeff
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2023

Climate change looms, with many communities already suffering from worsening impacts. Despite ample research into how to adapt, attempts have been slow and often inadequate in practice. As exposure to climate impacts magnifies, we ask: Why are communities underprepared? Adaptations often consist of fractured, reactionary attempts to address physical exposure through hard infrastructure measures. While these measures do advance short-term economic political priorities, they fall short of addressing the interwoven origins of climate change vulnerability. Unfortunately, climate vulnerability is not solely a physical process, but a social one as well, requiring planning through a long-term holistic approach. Yet, planners, ethically obligated to promote public well-being, are denied the authority to act – enabling existing infrastructure and governance systems to justify inequality for profit. The socio-political status quo, through defensive discretion and public coercion, enables political leadership to evade responsibility for safeguarding public well-being and, instead, prioritize short-term

economic goals. By exploring the impact of short-term political priorities on adaptation policy, we find that a complex system of justification disregards public well-being, preventing effective adaptation. Future research on climate policy needs to explore how socio-political forces impact adaptation, and, in this way, equitably protect the well-being of communities.
Supplementary Figures 1-5 from The end of the line: competitive exclusion and the extinction of historical entities
Creators: name: Strotz, Luke C.
name: Lieberman, Bruce S.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 40308 Palaeontology (incl. Palynology)
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Supplementary figures and associated references
A new treatment for some periodic Schrödinger operators I: the eigenvalue
Creators: name: He, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35P20, 33E10, 34E10

description: We study the problem of how the Floquet property manifests for periodic Schrödinger operators which are known to have multiple of asymptotic spectral solutions. The main conclusions are made for elliptic potentials, we demonstrate that for each period of the elliptic function there is a relation about the Floquet exponent and the monodromy of wave function. Among them there are two relations not explained by the classical Floquet theory. These relations produce both old and new asymptotic solutions consistent with results already known.
description: 24 pages; journal version
Mapping the 3D magnetic field of AGN jets through spectropolarimetry study
Creators: name: Pasetto, Alice
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Here, I overview one of the available techniques for the analysis of broad-band spectropolarimetric data, the Stokes QU-fitting. Since broad-band receivers have been installed at most radio facilities, the collection of radio data, both the total intensity and the linear polarization, is revealing interesting features in their spectra. The polarized light, and therefore its properties, i.e. the fractional polarization and the polarized angle, are now finally well sampled in wide wavelength ranges. The new complex behaviors revealed by the data can be studied using the Stokes QU-fitting, which consists of modeling the Stokes parameters Q and U using wavelength-dependent analytical models, available in the literature. This technique provides a very good diagnostic of the nature and structure of the magnetized plasma, with the possibility to identify complex structures, internal or external, of the source of study. A summary of the available and most used models describing the polarization behavior, is presented. Moreover, some of the most significant observational works which use this technique are also summarized.
Sustained formation of POBN radical adducts in mouse liver by peroxisome proliferators is dependent upon PPARα, but not NADPH oxidase
Creators: name: Mason, Ronald P.
name: Burns, Amanda M.
name: Cunningham, Michael L.
name: Bradford, Blair U.
name: Kadiiska, Maria B.
name: Maki, Akira
name: Woods, Courtney G.
name: Connor, Henry D.
name: Rusyn, Ivan
name: Peters, Jeffrey M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Reactive oxygen species are thought to be crucial for peroxisome proliferator-induced liver carcinogenesis. Free radicals have been shown to mediate the production of mitogenic cytokines by Kupffer cells and cause DNA damage in rodent liver. Previous in vivo experiments demonstrated that acute administration of the peroxisome proliferator di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) led to an increase in production of α-(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)-N-tert-butylnitrone (POBN) radical adducts in liver, an event that was dependent on Kupffer cell NADPH oxidase, but not peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)α. Here, we hypothesized that continuous treatment with peroxisome proliferators will cause a sustained formation in POBN radical adducts in liver. Mice were fed diets containing either 4-chloro-6-(2,3-xylidino)-2-pyrimidinylthio acetic acid (WY-14,643, 0.05% w/w), or DEHP (0.6% w/w) for up to three weeks. Liver-derived radical production was assessed in bile samples by measuring POBN-radical adducts using electron spin resonance. Our data indicate that WY-14,643 causes a sustained increase in POBN radical adducts in mouse liver and that this effect is greater than that of DEHP. To understand the molecular source of these radical species, NADPH oxidase-deficient (p47 phox-null) and PPARα-null mice were examined after treatment with WY-14,643. No increase in radicals was observed in PPARα-null mice that were treated with WY-14,643 for 3 weeks, while the response in p47 phox-nulls was similar to that of wild-type mice. These results show that PPARα, not NADPH oxidase, is critical for a sustained increase in POBN radical production caused by peroxisome proliferators in rodent liver. Therefore, peroxisome proliferator-induced POBN radical production in Kupffer cells may be limited to an acute response to these compounds in mouse liver.
Microscopic properties of degradation-free capped GdN thin films studied by Electron Spin Resonance
Creators: name: Shimokawa, Tokuro
name: Fukuoka, Yohei
name: Fujisawa, Masashi
name: Zhang, Weimin
name: Okubo, Susumu
name: Sakura, Takahiro
name: Ohta, Hitoshi
name: Vidyasagar, Reddithota
name: Yoshitomi, Hiroaki
name: Kitayama, Shinya
name: Kita, Takashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The microscopic magnetic properties of high-quality GdN thin films have been investigated by electron spin resonance (ESR) and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurements. Detailed temperature dependence ESR measurements have shown the existence of two ferromagnetic components at lower temperatures which was not clear from the previous magnetization measurements. The temperature, where the resonance shift occurs for the major ferromagnetic component, seems to be consistent with the Curie temperature obtained from the previous magnetization measurement. On the other hand, the divergence of line width is observed around 57 K for the minor ferromagnetic component. The magnetic anisotropies of GdN thin films have been obtained by the analysis of FMR angular dependence observed at 4.2 K. Combining the X-ray diffraction results, the correlation between the magnetic anisotropies and the lattice constants is discussed.
MPEC 2023-U137 : 2022 GD5
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Accumulation of M1dG DNA adducts after chronic exposure to PCBs, but not from acute exposure to polychlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons
Creators: name: Gupta, Mayetri
name: Birnbaum, Linda S.
name: Kissling, Grace
name: Jeong, Yo-Chan
name: Burgin, Deborah E.
name: Swenberg, James A.
name: Walker, Nigel J.
name: Kupper, Lawrence
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Oxidative DNA damage is one of the key events thought to be involved in mutation and cancer. The present study examined the accumulation of M1dG, 3-(2′-deoxy-β-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-pyrimido[1,2-a]-purin-10(3H)-one, DNA adducts after single dose or one-year exposure to polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (PHAH) in order to evaluate the potential role of oxidative DNA damage in PHAH toxicity and carcinogenicity. The effect of PHAH exposure on the number of M1dG adducts was explored initially in female mice exposed to a single dose of either 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) or a PHAH mixture. This study demonstrated that a single exposure to PHAH had no significant effect on the number of M1dG adducts compared to the corn oil control group. The role of M1dG adducts in polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) induced toxicity and carcinogenicity was further investigated in rats exposed for a year to PCB 153, PCB 126, or a mixture of the two. PCB 153, at doses up to 3000 μg/kg/d, had no significant effect on the number of M1dG adducts in liver and brain tissues from the exposed rats compared to controls. However, 1000 ng/kg/d of PCB 126 resulted in M1dG adduct accumulation in the liver. More importantly, co-administration of equal proportions of PCB 153 and PCB 126 resulted in dose-dependent increases in M1dG adduct accumulation in the liver from 300-1000 ng/kg/d of PCB 126 with 300-1000 μg/kg/d of PCB 153. Interestingly, the co-administration of different amounts of PCB 153 with fixed amounts of PCB 126 demonstrated more M1dG adduct accumulation with higher doses of PCB 153. These results are consistent with the results from cancer bioassays that demonstrated a synergistic effect between PCB 126 and PCB 153 on toxicity and tumor development. In summary, the results from the present study support the hypothesis that oxidative DNA damage plays a key role in toxicity and carcinogenicity following long-term PCB exposure.
Neuroprotective Effects of Docosahexaenoic Acid on Neuronal Cell Function
Creators: name: Geng, Xue
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is the most abundant fatty acid in the brain. The decrease of DHA in the brain is associated with normal and abnormal aging, such as Alzheimer’s disease. In this study, we examine whether and how DHA and its peroxidation product effect stimulated microglia through reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by NADPH and NF-κB pathways including iNOS, TNF- α production. In addition, we also examine the anti-inflammatory effect of DHA-treated astrocyte-derived exosomes on LPS-stimulated microglia. In conclusion, our findings suggest that DHA and its peroxidation product exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities on microglia cells through regulating multiple signaling pathways and exosomes. Information derived from this study should provide new insights into the DHA and its metabolites impose the neuroprotective effect on the neuronal cells and should shed light on nutraceuticals or clinical therapy for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
Arsenic-induced malignant transformation of human keratinocytes: Involvement of Nrf2
Creators: name: Waalkes, Michael P.
name: Pi, Jingbo
name: Diwan, Bhalchandra A.
name: Qu, Wei
name: He, Yuying
name: Styblo, Miroslav
name: Sun, Yang
name: Liu, Jie
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Arsenic is a well-known human skin carcinogen but the underlying mechanisms of carcinogenesis are unclear. Transcription factor Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response represents a critical cellular defense mechanism, and emerging data suggest that constitutive activation of Nrf2 contributes to malignant phenotype. In the present study when an immortalized, non-tumorigenic human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) was continuously exposed to environmentally relevant level of inorganic arsenite (100 nM) for 28 weeks, malignant transformation occurred as evidenced by the formation of highly aggressive squamous cell carcinoma after inoculation into nude mice. To investigate the mechanisms involved, a broad array of biomarkers for transformation were assessed in these arsenic-transformed cells (termed As-TM). In addition to increased secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), a set of markers for squamous differentiation and skin keratinization, including keratin-1, keratin-10, involucrin, and loricrin, were significantly elevated in As-TM cells. Furthermore, As-TM cells showed increased intracellular glutathione, elevated expression of Nrf2 and its target genes, as well as generalized apoptotic resistance. In contrast to increased basal Nrf2 activity in As-TM cells, a diminished Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response induced by acute exposure to high dose of arsenite or tert-butyl hydroxyquinone occurred. The findings that multiple biomarkers for malignant transformation observed in As-TM cells, including MMP-9 and cytokeratins, are potentially regulated by Nrf2 suggest constitutive Nrf2 activation may be involved in arsenic carcinogenesis of skin. The weakened Nrf2 activation in response to oxidative stressors observed in As-TM cells, coupled with acquired apoptotic resistance, would potentially have increased the likelihood of transmittable oxidative DNA damage and fixation of mutational/DNA damage events.
A Framework for a Smart Social Blood Donation System Based on Mobile Cloud Computing
Creators: name: Mostafa, Almetwally M.
name: Youssef, Ahmed E.
name: Alshorbagy, Gamal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Blood Donation and Blood Transfusion Services (BTS) are crucial for saving people lives. Recently, worldwide efforts have been undertaken to utilize social media and smartphone applications to make the blood donation process more convenient, offer additional services, and create communities around blood donation centers. Blood banks suffer frequent shortage of blood; hence, advertisements are frequently seen on social networks urging healthy individuals to donate blood for patients who urgently require blood transfusion. The blood donation process usually consumes a lot of time and effort from both donors and medical staff since there is no concrete information system that allows donors and blood donation centers communicate efficiently and coordinate with each other to minimize time and effort required for blood donation process. Moreover, most blood banks work in isolation and are not integrated with other blood donation centers and health organizations which affect the blood donation and blood transfusion services quality. This work aims at developing a Blood Donation System (BDS) based on the cutting-edge information technologies of cloud computing and mobile computing.
Mouse model of liver ischemia and reperfusion injury: method for studying reactive oxygen and nitrogen metabolites in vivo
Creators: name: GRISHAM, M
name: ZIBARI, G
name: KITAGAWA, Y
name: ABE, Y
name: HINES, I
name: PAVLICK, K
name: GRAY, L
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: The mouse model of liver ischemia and reperfusion injury has proven to be valuable for our understanding of the role that reactive oxygen and nitrogen metabolites play in postischemic tissue injury. This methods paper provides a detailed protocol for inducing partial liver ischemia followed by reperfusion. Liver ischemia is induced in anesthetized mice by cross-clamping the hepatic artery and portal vein for varying lengths of time resulting in deprivation of blood flow to approximately of 70% of the liver. Restoration of blood flow to the ischemic lobes enhances superoxide production concomitant with a rapid and marked decrease in the bioavailability of nitric oxide resulting in alterations in the redox state of the liver in favor of a more oxidative environment. This hepatocellular oxidative stress induces the activation of oxidant-sensitive transcription factors followed by the upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators that ultimately lead to liver injury. This model can be induced in any strain or sex of mouse and requires 1-2 months of practice to become proficient in the surgery and animal manipulation. The role of different reactive metabolites of oxygen and nitrogen may be evaluated using genetically-engineered mice as well as selective molecular, cellular and/or pharmacological agents.
Denial and discretion as a governance process: How actor perceptions of risk and responsibility hinder adaptation to climate change
Creators: Birchall, S. Jeff
Kehler, Sarah
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2023

Many communities are unprepared for climate change, yet action stagnate. Adaptation requires governance actors to perceive climate change as a risk and action within their responsibility. However, little is understood on how subjective actor perceptions influence adaptation governance. Individual actors, within the political, public and professional spheres, often shape decision making to echo their informal social institutions. This study theorizes on why climate change adaptation is frequently overlooked, investigating how misguided perceptions of risk and responsibility impact governance and the role denial and discretion plays in this process. To glean insight into how subjective perceptions result in adaptation barriers, the experiences of senior management (n=14) across four regional districts in Canada is explored. On-site observation and strategic document review provided a general understanding of how regional planning and policies integrate adaptation, while thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews reveals the importance of considering actor perceptions of risk and responsibility in adaptation planning. Here, findings suggest that denial and discretion function as a governance process, hindering decision making on adaptation as political leadership avoids responsibility and the public copes with powerlessness. While navigating climate discourse, actors employ denial and discretion to mitigate ideological conflicts stemming from polarized perceptions of human agency to affect the natural world. To facilitate preparedness for climate change, this research provides insight into the human barriers preventing planning for adaptation.
The dendritic and T cell responses to herpes simplex virus-1 are modulated by dietary vitamin E
Creators: name: Sheridan, Patricia A.
name: Beck, Melinda A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that dietary α-tocopherol (vitamin EVE) is essential for regulating the cytokine and chemokine response in the brain to herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) infection. The timing of T cell infiltration is critical to the resolution of central nervous system HSV-1 infections. Specifically, the appearance of “neuroprotective” CD8+IFN-γ+ T cells is crucial. During CNS infection, CD8+ T cell priming and expansion in the draining lymph node, followed by recruitment and expansion occurs in the spleen with subsequent accumulation in the brain. Weanling male BALB/cByJ mice were placed on VE deficient (Def) or adequate (Adq) diets for 4 weeks followed by intranasal infection with HSV-1. VE Def mice had fewer CD8+IFN-γ+ T cells trafficking to the brain despite increased CD8+IFN-γ+ T cells and activated dendritic cells in the periphery. VE Def mice had increased T regulatory cells in the periphery and brain and the increase in Tregs decreases CD8+ T cell numbers in the brain. Our results demonstrate that adequate levels of VE are important for trafficking antigen-specific T cells to the brain and dietary VE levels modulate T regulatory and dendritic cells in the periphery.