cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Adding eccentricity to quasicircular binary-black-hole waveform models
Creators: name: Setyawati, Yoshinta
name: Ohme, Frank
Publisher: name: Ridge, NY : American Physical Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: oribital eccentricity
subject: LIGO
subject: 1st
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: The detection of gravitational-wave signals from coalescing eccentric binary black holes would yield unprecedented information about the formation and evolution of compact binaries in specific scenarios, such as dynamical formation in dense stellar clusters and three-body interactions. The gravitational-wave searches by the ground-based interferometers, LIGO and Virgo, rely on analytical waveform models for binaries on quasi-circular orbits. Eccentric merger waveform models are less developed, and only a few numerical simulations of eccentric mergers are publicly available, but several eccentric inspiral models have been developed from the post-Newtonian expansion. Here we present a novel method to convert the dominant quadrupolar mode of any circular analytical binary-black-hole model into an eccentric model. First, using numerical simulations, we examine the additional amplitude and frequency modulations of eccentric signals that are not present in their circular counterparts. Subsequently, we identify suitable analytical descriptions of those modulations and inter-polate key parameters from twelve numerical simulations designated as our training dataset. This allows us to reconstruct the modulated amplitude and phase of any waveform up to mass ratio 3 and eccentricity 0.2. We find that the minimum overlap of the new model with numerical simulations is around 0.98 over all of our test dataset that are scaled to a 50 M⊙ black-hole binary starting at 35 Hz with aLIGO A+ design sensitivity. A python package pyrex easily carries out the computation of this method.
The Influence of Social Determinants on Pediatric Oral Health
Creators: name: Chinchilla, Ammie
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2023

description: Objectives: To explore associations between social determinants of pediatric oral health (SDOH) and the need for advanced stage dental care (pulp therapy and/or extractions). Methods: Utilizing a convenience sample, this cross-sectional study recruited caregivers of UIC dental patients aged 3-17 years at initial or recall visits. Study participants completed a SDOH questionnaire and consented to a patient chart review to obtain certain oral health indicators. Using the Protocol for Responding to and Assessing Patients’ Assets, Risks & Experiences (PRAPARE) methodology, a SDOH risk tally score was computed per patient. Descriptive statistics, chi-square analysis, correlation, and logistic regression models were conducted via SPSS. Results: There were 99 children evaluated [Age-Mean(SD)=6.6(2.5);Male=54%]. There was no correlation between SDOH risk tally scores and the need for advanced dental care. However, the relationship between two SDOH and the need for advanced dental care approached significance (housing insecurity, food insecurity). The relationship between age and need for advanced stage dental care was significant, and increased age was found to be protective against children’s need for advanced stage dental care. Conclusions: Children's need for advanced stage dental care was not associated with SDOH risk tally scores. Further research may be helpful with the goal of increasing sample size and delving into the SDOH of housing insecurity and food insecurity, which may be indicators for advanced dental problems in children.
Characteristics Predictive of Successful Pelvic Floor Muscle Training Outcomes Among Women with Stress Urinary Incontinence
Creators: name: Brooks, Kaylee
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2017
Subjects: Pelvic floor muscles
Stress urinary incontinence
Ultrasound imaging
Physiotherapy
Predictive model

description: Physiotherapist-supervised pelvic floor muscle (PFM) training is the recommended first-line treatment for women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI); however, only up to 50% of women are cured with this treatment. The primary objective of this study was to develop a predictive model of successful physiotherapy intervention outcomes among women with SUI using predictors that are accessible to clinicians. The secondary objective of this study was to run a preliminary investigation of morphologic differences between women with SUI who were cured with a physiotherapy intervention and those who were not cured, using a subset of ultrasound imaging data. Seventy-nine women with SUI were assessed at baseline on measures of demographic data (i.e. age, body mass index, etc.), 3-day bladder diary, 30-minute standardized pad test, clinical assessments of PFM strength and tone, and transperineal ultrasound assessments of PFM morphology. Women then attended a 12-week physiotherapy intervention and returned for a follow-up assessment. The multivariate logistic regression model was significant (p < .001) with two predictors: baseline ICIQ-FLUTS UI subscale (SUI severity; p = .01) and parity (p = .06). A significant ROC curve for the ICIQ-FLUTS UI subscale (p ˂ .01) predicts physiotherapy intervention outcomes with 55.6% sensitivity and 80.8% specificity at a cut-off score of 7.50. Women most likely to be cured with a physiotherapy intervention were those with lower scores on the ICIQ-FLUTS UI subscale and those who have given birth to fewer children. Significant differences were found in a subset of data between women with SUI who are cured with the physiotherapy intervention and women who are not cured on morphologic measures in standing of bladder neck height at peak cough (p = .03), descent of the bladder neck during maximal Valsalva maneuver (MVM; p = .04), levator hiatus circumference at rest (p = .03) and at maximal voluntary contraction in both standing and supine (MVC; p = .01; p = .03). Variables that were trending towards significance included bladder neck height in standing at rest, levator plate length (LPL) at maximal excursion during a cough and MVM in standing, and mid-urethral wall cross-sectional area. These significant differences indicate potential value in using ultrasound imaging outcomes as predictors of a cure with physiotherapy intervention in future models, and a combination of demographic, clinical, and morphologic variables may build a more robust predictive model.
Identification and management of connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease: evidence-based Japanese consensus statements
Creators: name: Kuwana, Masataka
name: Bando, Masashi
name: Kawahito, Yutaka
name: Sato, Shinji
name: Suda, Takafumi
name: Kondoh, Yasuhiro
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
classificationCode: 80699
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a common complication of connective tissue diseases (CTD), but there are few clinical trials to guide disease management. We aimed to develop expert consensus statements and an algorithm for CTD-ILD management. Based on a targeted literature review, we developed 109 statements on managing CTD-ILD across six domains. We used a modified Delphi process to survey 22 physicians in Japan involved in managing CTD-ILD (specialists in pulmonology, rheumatology, pathology, and radiology). These panelists participated in two rounds of web-based survey to establish consensus statements, which were used to define an algorithm. Consensus was defined as a mean value ≥70 on a scale of 0 (strong disagreement) to 100 (strong agreement). Between May–August 2022, consensus was reached on 93 statements on CTD-ILD management. The most important consensus statements included screening CTD patients for ILD (typically with high-resolution computed tomography), using imaging, pulmonary function testing and serum biomarkers for diagnosis and severity assessment, regularly following up patients, and multidisciplinary management of CTD-ILD. Consensus statements were interpreted into an algorithm for clinical guidance. Using the Delphi process, we have developed consensus statements and an algorithm to guide clinical decision-making for CTD-ILD.
NMR evidence for inhomogeneous nematic fluctuations in BaFe$_2$(As$_{1-x}$P$_x$)$_2$
Creators: name: Dioguardi, A. P.
name: Kissikov, T.
name: Lin, C. H.
name: Shirer, K. R.
name: Lawson, M. M.
name: Grafe, H. -J.
name: Chu, J. -H.
name: Fisher, I. R.
name: Fernandes, R. M.
name: Curro, N. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present evidence for nuclear spin-lattice relaxation driven by glassy nematic fluctuations in isovalent P-doped BaFe$_2$As$_2$ single crystals. Both the $^{75}$As and $^{31}$P sites exhibit stretched-exponential relaxation similar to the electron-doped systems. By comparing the hyperfine fields and the relaxation rates at these sites we find that the As relaxation cannot be explained solely in terms of magnetic spin fluctuations. We demonstrate that nematic fluctuations couple to the As nuclear quadrupolar moment and can explain the excess relaxation. These results suggest that glassy nematic dynamics are a universal phenomenon in the iron-based superconductors.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
A Simplified Stabilizer ZX-calculus
Creators: name: Backens, Miriam
name: Perdrix, Simon
name: Wang, Quanlong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The stabilizer ZX-calculus is a rigorous graphical language for reasoning about quantum mechanics.The language is sound and complete: a stabilizer ZX-diagram can be transformed into another one if and only if these two diagrams represent the same quantum evolution or quantum state. We show that the stabilizer ZX-calculus can be simplified, removing unnecessary equations while keeping only the essential axioms which potentially capture fundamental structures of quantum mechanics. We thus give a significantly smaller set of axioms and prove that meta-rules like 'colour symmetry' and 'upside-down symmetry', which were considered as axioms in previous versions of the language, can in fact be derived. In particular, we show that the additional symbol and one of the rules which had been recently introduced to keep track of scalars (diagrams with no inputs or outputs) are not necessary.
description: In Proceedings QPL 2016, arXiv:1701.00242
Results from high-frequency all-sky search for continuous gravitational waves from small-ellipticity sources
Creators: name: Dergachev, Vladimir
name: Papa, Maria Alessandra
Publisher: name: Ridge, NY : American Physical Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: We present the results of an all-sky search for continuous gravitational wave signals with frequencies in the 1700-2000 Hz range from neutron stars with ellipticity of ≈10-8. The search employs the Falcon analysis pipeline [V. Dergachev and M. A. Papa, Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 101101 (2019)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.123.101101] on LIGO O2 public data. Our results improve by a factor greater than 5 over [B. P. Abbott (LIGO Scientific and Virgo Collaborations), Phys. Rev. D 100, 024004 (2019)PRVDAQ2470-001010.1103/PhysRevD.100.024004]. This is a huge leap forward: it takes an entirely new generation of gravitational wave detectors to achieve a 10-fold sensitivity increase over the previous generation [D. Reitze, Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 51, 035 (2019)AASBAR0002-7537]. Within the probed frequency range and aside from the detected outliers, we can exclude neutron stars with ellipticity of 10-8 within 65 pc of Earth. We set upper limits on the gravitational wave amplitude that holds even for worst-case signal parameters. New outliers are found, some of which we are unable to associate with any instrumental cause. If any were associated with a rotating neutron star, this would likely be the fastest neutron star today.
Joint Measurements of Complementary Properties of Quantum Systems
Creators: name: Thekkadath, Guillaume
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2017
Subjects: Quantum
Uncertainty
Weak
Measurement
Cloning
Tomography
Complementarity

description: In quantum mechanics, measurements disturb the state of the system being measured. This disturbance is largest for complementary properties (e.g. position and momentum) and hence limits the precision with which such properties can be determined simultaneously. Often, this fact is conflated with Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, which refers to an uncertainty relation between complementary properties that is intrinsic to quantum states. In this thesis, the distinction between these two fundamental characteristics of quantum mechanics is made clear. At the intersection of the two are "joint measurements", which circumvent measurement disturbance to simultaneously determine complementary properties. They have applications in quantum metrology and enable a direct measurement of quantum states. The focus of this thesis is on the latter. The thesis is structured in the following way. The first chapter serves as an introduction to joint measurements. It surveys the seminal works in the field, doing so in a chronological manner to provide some historical context. The remainder of the thesis discusses two strategies to experimentally achieve joint measurements. The first strategy is to sequentially measure the complementary properties, making these measurements weak so that they do not disrupt each other. The second strategy is to first clone the system being measured, and then measure each complementary property on a separate clone. Both strategies are experimentally demonstrated on polarized photons, but can be readily extended to other systems.
Interfacial Magnetism in Complex Oxide Heterostructures Probed by Neutrons and X-rays
Creators: name: Liu, Yaohua
name: Ke, Xianglin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic complex-oxide heterostructures are of keen interest because a wealth of phenomena at the interface of dissimilar materials can give rise to fundamentally new physics and potentially valuable functionalities. Altered magnetization, novel magnetic coupling and emergent interfacial magnetism at the epitaxial layered-oxide interfaces are under intensive investigation, which shapes our understanding on how to utilize those materials, particularly for spintronics. Neutron and x-ray based techniques have played a decisive role in characterizing interfacial magnetic structures and clarifying the underlying physics in this rapidly developing field. Here we review some recent experimental results, with an emphasis on those studied via polarized neutron reflectometery and polarized x-ray absorption spectroscopy. We conclude with some perspectives.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures. A condensed summary with authors' perspectives
Revealing the Effect of Nanoscopic Design on the Charge Carrier Separation Processes in Semiconductor-Metal Nanoparticle Gel Networks
Creators: name: Schlenkrich, Jakob
name: Zámbó, Dániel
name: Schlosser, Anja
name: Rusch, Pascal
name: Bigall, Nadja C.
Publisher: name: Weinheim : Wiley-VCH
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Aerogels
subject: Cadmium compounds
subject: Charge carriers
subject: II-VI semiconductors
subject: Metal nanoparticles
subject: Nanorods
subject: Optical properties
subject: Photochemical reactions
subject: Separation
subject: Spectroelectrochemistry
subject: Carrier separation
subject: Charge carrier separation
subject: Direct impact
subject: Gel networks
subject: Hybrid nanoparticle
subject: Hybrid-nanoparticle network
subject: Nanoparticle networks
subject: Photo-electrochemistry
subject: Semiconductor metals
subject: Separation process
subject: Self assembly
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::670 | Industrielle und handwerkliche Fertigung

description: In this paper, it is shown that the nanoscopic design of combining semiconductors and noble metals has a direct impact on the macroscopic (electrochemical) properties of their assembled, hyperbranched, macroscopic gel networks. Controlled and arbitrary deposition of gold domains on CdSe/CdS nanorods leads to tipped and randomly decorated heteroparticles, respectively. Structural and optical properties of the gel networks depend upon assembling the hybrid particles by means of oxidative or ionic routes. Additionally, the impact of different building block designs on the charge carrier separation processes is investigated from spectroelectrochemical point of view. A more efficient charge carrier separation is revealed in the tipped design manifesting in higher negative photocurrent efficiencies compared to the arbitrary decoration, where the charge recombination processes are more remarkable. This work sheds light on the importance of the nanostructuring on the spectroelectrochemical properties at the macroscale paving the way towards their use in photochemical reactions.
Non-linear duality invariant partially massless models?
Creators: name: Cherney, D.
name: Deser, S.
name: Waldron, A.
name: Zahariade, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present manifestly duality invariant, non-linear, equations of motion for maximal depth, partially massless higher spins. These are based on a first order, Maxwell-like formulation of the known partially massless systems. Our models mimic Dirac-Born-Infeld theory but it is unclear whether they are Lagrangian.
description: 9 pages LaTeX
Search for continuous gravitational waves from small-ellipticity sources at low frequencies
Creators: name: Dergachev, Vladimir
name: Papa, Maria Alessandra
Publisher: name: Ridge, NY : American Physical Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: We present the results of an all-sky search for continuous gravitational wave signals with frequencies in the 20-500 Hz range from neutron stars with ellipticity of . This frequency region is particularly hard to probe because of the quadratic dependence of signal strength on frequency. The search employs the Falcon analysis pipeline [Dergachev and Papa, Phys. Rev. Lett.123, 101101 (2019)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.123.101101] on LIGO O2 public data. Compared to previous Falcon analyses the coherence length has been quadrupled, with a corresponding increase in sensitivity. This enables us to search for small-ellipticity neutron stars in this low frequency region up to 44 pc away. The frequency derivative range is up to easily accommodating sources with ellipticities of at a distance of a few hundred parsecs. New outliers are found, many of which we are unable to associate with any instrumental cause.
Template banks based on Zn and An∗ lattices
Creators: name: Allen, Bruce
name: Shoom, Andrey A.
Publisher: name: Ridge, NY : American Physical Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: gravitational waves
subject: coalescing binaries
subject: filters
subject: choice
subject: issues
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: Matched filtering is a traditional method used to search a data stream for signals. If the source (and hence its n parameters) are unknown, many filters must be employed. These form a grid in the n-dimensional parameter space, known as a template bank. It is often convenient to construct these grids as lattices. The simplest of these, Zn, is used in both continuous gravitational-wave and gamma-ray pulsar searches; we wanted to investigate how much might be gained by replacing it with the more elaborate An∗ lattice. To determine this, we calculate the distribution of the mismatch function, both in the traditional quadratic approximation and with the recently proposed spherical ansatz. The fraction of signals which are lost is determined by the even moments of this distribution, which we find. Many of these quantities have a simple and well-defined n→∞ limit, which often gives an accurate estimate even for small n. Our main conclusions are the following: (i) a fairly effective template-based search can be constructed at mismatch values that are shockingly high in the quadratic approximation; (ii) the minor advantage offered by an An∗ template bank (compared to Zn) at small template separation becomes even less significant for large template spacings. In most cases, the gain from employing an An∗ lattice is not enough to justify the increase in complexity.
Characterizing the Role of HuR in Skeletal Muscle of Mice with Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Creators: name: Haghandish, Amir
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2017
Subjects: Spinal Muscular Atrophy
HuR
CARM1
SMA
Skeletal Muscle
Differentiation

description: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a debilitating neuromuscular disorder characterized by insufficient SMN protein, resulting in motoneuron death. Initially, it was thought that motoneuronal death is followed by muscle atrophy; however, recent research is beginning to reveal possible muscle intrinsic defects, independent of motoneuron defects, in SMA. Previous studies have elucidated the cooperative involvement of CARM1, HuD and SMN in motoneurons, revealing HuD as a possible key player in the SMA phenotype. In this study, we focus on HuR, a ubiquitous family member of HuD, and the possibility that it plays a similar key role with CARM1 and SMN in skeletal muscle. Through the use of an shCARM1 stable line of C2C12s, we show that CARM1 is necessary for HuR functionality during differentiation. We further show that the methylation of HuR is necessary for its capability to translocate cytoplasmically during differentiation. We confirm an interaction between HuR and SMN, suggestive of a similar mechanism as was shown previously with HuD. In light of these findings, we next progressed to determine whether HuR is misregulated in an SMA mouse model. We report increased CARM1 levels in skeletal muscles of these mice. We further discovered that a deficiency in SMN protein impairs HuR upregulation and cytoplasmic translocation in response to HuR activation through sciatic nerve denervation. These findings were correlated with aberrant mRNA expression of HuR targets upon denervation. Taken together, these results show that HuR methylation is essential for proper myogenesis, and that the mechanism by which it acts likely requires sufficient SMN protein levels. In a deficiency of SMN, HuR shows signs of misregulation that may play a role in the inability to maintain or repair muscle in SMA.
Nearly scale-invariant curvature modes from entropy perturbations during the graceful exit phase
Creators: name: Ijjas, Anna
name: Kolevatov, Roman
Publisher: name: Ridge, NY : American Physical Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: In this paper we describe how a spectrum of entropic perturbations generated during a period of slow contraction can source a nearly scale-invariant spectrum of curvature perturbations on length scales larger than the Hubble radius during the transition from slow contraction to a classical nonsingular bounce (the "graceful exit"phase). The sourcing occurs naturally through higher-order scalar field kinetic terms common to classical (nonsingular) bounce mechanisms. We present a concrete example in which, by the end of the graceful exit phase, the initial entropic fluctuations have become negligible and the curvature fluctuations have a nearly scale-invariant spectrum with an amplitude consistent with observations.
Cohomology of Effect Algebras
Creators: name: Roumen, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We will define two ways to assign cohomology groups to effect algebras, which occur in the algebraic study of quantum logic. The first way is based on Connes' cyclic cohomology. The resulting cohomology groups are related to the state space of the effect algebra, and can be computed using variations on the Kunneth and Mayer-Vietoris sequences. The second way involves a chain complex of ordered abelian groups, and gives rise to a cohomological characterization of state extensions on effect algebras. This has applications to no-go theorems in quantum foundations, such as Bell's theorem.
description: In Proceedings QPL 2016, arXiv:1701.00242
Observable Social Cognition: A Rating Scale: An Interview-Based Assessment for Schizophrenia
Creators: name: Healey, Kristin Michelle
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2013

description: Individuals with schizophrenia consistently show impairments in social cognition (SC). Current SC measures are hampered by methodological issues that limit use of SC as a viable treatment target. An alternative assessment method is to administer a scale incorporating an informant's impressions. The Observable Social Cognition: A Rating Scale (OSCARS) was administered to 62 outpatients and 50 non-psychiatric controls (NPCs) to assess SC performance. OSCARS demonstrated sufficient internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Construct validity was assessed through exploratory factor analysis. Patient OSCARS scores were not significantly correlated with measures of SC, with the exception of aggressive attributional style. Results indicated individuals with less impairment in SC reacted more aggressively to ambiguous situations. Control OSCARS scores were significantly correlated with measures of theory of mind and attributional style. In patients, OSCARS was significantly correlated with several measures of functioning and neurocognition. Implications for using OSCARS as an outcome measure will be discussed.
Creation of double-well potentials in a surface-electrode trap towards a nanofriction model emulator
Creators: name: Tanaka, U.
name: Nakamura, M.
name: Hayasaka, K.
name: Bautista-Salvador, A.
name: Ospelkaus, C.
name: Mehlstäubler, T.E.
Publisher: name: Philadelphia, PA : IOP Publishing
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Frenkel-Kontorova model
subject: ion trap
subject: microfabricated surface-electrode trap
subject: nanofriction model
subject: two-dimensional ion array
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: We demonstrate a microfabricated surface-electrode ion trap that is applicable as a nanofriction emulator and studies of many-body dynamics of interacting systems. The trap enables both single-well and double-well trapping potentials in the radial direction, where the distance between the two potential wells can be adjusted by the applied RF voltage. In the double-well configuration, parallel ion strings can be formed, which is a suitable system for the emulation of the Frenkel-Kontorova (FK) model. We derive the condition under which the trap functions as an FK model emulator. The trap is designed so that the Coulomb interaction between two ion strings becomes significant. We report on the microfabrication process for such downsized trap electrodes and experimental results of single-well and double-well operation with calcium ions. With the trap demonstrated in this work we can create atomically accessible, self-assembled Coulomb systems with a wide tuning range of the corrugation parameter in the FK model. This makes it a promising system for quantum simulations, but also for the study of nanofriction in one and higher dimensional systems.
Using Enhancing our heritage toolkit for assessing management effectiveness of the Kien Giang Biosphere Reserve
Creators: name: Cuong, Chu Van
name: Dart, Peter
name: Hockings, Marc
Publisher: name: Vancouver Island University - Royal Roads University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biosphere reserves

description: Biosphere reserves operating under the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Programme aim to achieve three mandate management objectives of conservation, sustainable socio-economic development, and logistic support. The apparent mismatch between the biosphere reserve (BR) concept and implementation reality has led to the call for assessment of management effectiveness as part of a system to support management of sites under the Seville Statutory Framework for the Biosphere Reserves Network since 1995. We used the Enhancing our Heritage Toolkit developed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and UNESCO to evaluate the management effectiveness of the Kien Giang Biosphere Reserve (KGBR). A lack of broad understanding for the conceptual model leads to the biosphere reserve concept being essentially an artificially constructed model with little buy-in from agencies of government and limited efforts to pursue an adequate planning and implementation process. The management system established in KGBR lacks operational funding and its staff lacks adequate knowledge of the BR model, but exhibit strong sectoral commitments that cut across the BR approach. Consequently, most of the important values found in the KGBR are ineffectively protected and managed. The case study in Kien Giang suggests that this management effectiveness evaluation tool can be used to assess performance and management outcomes of sites and assist stakeholders in adaptive planning and improving BR performance and effectiveness.
description: https://viurrspace.ca/bitstream/handle/10613/5091/CuongDartHockings.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y
Role of Water in CaCO3 Biomineralization
Creators: name: Lu, Hao
name: Huang, Yu-Chieh
name: Hunger, Johannes
name: Gebauer, Denis
name: Cölfen, Helmut
name: Bonn, Mischa
Publisher: name: Washington, DC : ACS Publications
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Animals
subject: Calcium Carbonate
subject: Circular Dichroism
subject: Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
subject: Minerals
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::540 | Chemie

description: Biomineralization occurs in aqueous environments. Despite the ubiquity and relevance of CaCO3 biomineralization, the role of water in the biomineralization process has remained elusive. Here, we demonstrate that water reorganization accompanies CaCO3 biomineralization for sea urchin spine generation in a model system. Using surface-specific vibrational spectroscopy, we probe the water at the interface of the spine-associated protein during CaCO3 mineralization. Our results show that, while the protein structure remains unchanged, the structure of interfacial water is perturbed differently in the presence of both Ca2+ and CO32- compared to the addition of only Ca2+. This difference is attributed to the condensation of prenucleation mineral species. Our findings are consistent with a nonclassical mineralization pathway for sea urchin spine generation and highlight the importance of protein hydration in biomineralization.
The Energy Cost of Controlling Mesoscopic Quantum Systems
Creators: name: Horowitz, Jordan
name: Jacobs, Kurt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine the minimum energy required to control the evolution of any mesoscopic quantum system in the presence of arbitrary Markovian noise processes. This result provides the mesoscopic equivalent of the fundamental cost of refrigeration, sets the minimum power consumption of mesoscopic devices that operate out of equilibrium, and allows one to calculate the efficiency of any control protocol, whether it be open-loop or feedback control. As examples we calculate the energy cost of maintaining a qubit in the ground state, the efficiency of resolved-sideband cooling of nano-mechanical resonators, and discuss the energy cost of quantum information processing.
description: 5 pages, Revtex4, 3 png figures. To appear in PRL. Supplemental material is included as an ancillary file
On-chip spectroscopy with thermally-tuned high-Q photonic crystal cavities
Creators: name: Liapis, Andreas C.
name: Gao, Boshen
name: Siddiqui, Mahmudur R.
name: Shi, Zhimin
name: Boyd, Robert W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spectroscopic methods are a sensitive way to determine the chemical composition of potentially hazardous materials. Here, we demonstrate that thermally-tuned high-Q photonic crystal cavities can be used as a compact high-resolution on-chip spectrometer. We have used such a chip-scale spectrometer to measure the absorption spectra of both acetylene and hydrogen cyanide in the 1550 nm spectral band, and show that we can discriminate between the two chemical species even though the two materials have spectral features in the same spectral region. Our results pave the way for the development of chip-size chemical sensors that can detect toxic substances.
Influence of Planck foreground masks in the large angular scale quadrant CMB asymmetry
Creators: name: Santos, L.
name: Cabella, P.
name: Villela, T.
name: Zhao, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The measured CMB angular distribution shows a great consistency with the LCDM model. However, isotropy violations were reported in CMB temperature maps of both WMAP and Planck data. We investigate the influence of different masks employed in the analysis of CMB angular distribution, in particular in the excess of power in the Southeastern quadrant (SEQ) and the lack of power in the Northeastern quadrant (NEQ). We compare the two-point correlation function (TPCF) computed for each quadrant of the CMB foreground-cleaned temperature maps to 1000 simulations generated assuming the LCDM best-fit power spectrum using four different masks. In addition to the quadrants, we computed the TPCF for circular regions in the map where the excess and lack of power are present. We also compare the effect of Galactic cuts in the TPCF calculations as compared to the simulations. We found consistent results for three masks, namely mask-rulerminimal, U73 and U66. The results indicate that the excess of power in the SEQ tends to vanish as the portion of the sky covered by the mask increases and the lack of power in the NEQ remains virtually unchanged. When UT78 mask is applied, the NEQ becomes no longer anomalous and the excess of power in the SEQ becomes the most significant one among the masks. Nevertheless, the asymmetry between the SEQ and NEQ is independent of the mask and it is in disagreement with the isotropic model with at least 95% C.L. We find that UT78 is in disagreement with the other analysed masks, specially considering the SEQ and the NEQ individual analysis. Most importantly, the use of UT78 washes out the anomaly in the NEQ. Furthermore, we found excess of kurtosis, compared with simulations, in the NEQ for the regions not masked by UT78 but masked by the other masks, indicating that the previous result could be due to non-removed residual foregrounds by UT78.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Reproductive trends, habitat type and body characteristics in velvet worms (Onychophora)
Creators: name: Monge-Nájera, Julián
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: A quantitative analysis of several onychophoran characteristics shows that in habitats with lower rain levels females reproduce at an older age, are more fecund and tend to have reproductive diapause where rain does not exceed a mean of 200 cm/year. These habitat characteristics are associated with the southern family Peripatopsidae. Sex ratio and parental investment per young are not correlated with general environmental conditions. A comparison of 72 species showed that larger species are often more variable in morphometry, but species with the longest females do not always have the longest males. Larger Peripatus acacioi females (Peripatidae: Brazil) produce more and heavier off spring. Intrapopulation morphology was studied in 12 peripatid species for which samples of between II and 798 individuals were available. In general, within populations the females are more variable than males in length and weight, but similarly variable in the number of legs. The number of legs has a low variability (1.73-2.45%). length is intermediate (22.4-25.3%) and weight is very variable (49.41-75.17%). When sexes are compared within a population, females can have 14-8.9 % more leg pairs, and be 47-63 % heavier and 26 % longer than males.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures
Elektronenmikroskopische und histochemische Untersuchungen an Acanthoren, den ersten Larvalstadien der Acanthocephala
Creators: name: Reitze, Felix
Publisher: name: Universitätsverlag Karlsruhe
Year: 2006
Subjects: Kratzer
Parasit
Wirt / Parasit
Ultrastruktur
Morphologie
Histochemie
Schlüpfen
Rasterelektronenmikroskopie
Acanthor
Parasitenlarve
Acanthocephalenei
Eihülle
Aktivierung Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus
Moniliformis moniliformis
Paratenuisentis ambiguus

description: Die Biologie und Morphologie des Acanthors stand im Mittelpunkt dieser Arbeit. Als Modellorganismen dienten die Acanthocephalen Moniliformis moniliformis und Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus sowie Paratenuisentis ambiguus. Bei der Erforschung des Acanthors kamen lichtmikroskopische als auch elektronenmikroskopische Methoden zur Anwendung.
How Peer Status and Ability Track shape the Development of Behavioral Disengagement over the Transition from Primary to Secondary School
Creators: name: Ryan, Allison
name: Lorijn, Sofie
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: This document contains the pre-analysis preregistration for the project: ‘How Peer Status and Ability Track shape the Development of Behavioral Disengagement over the Transition from Primary to Secondary School’. Based on the template https://osf.io/t6m9v/, adapted for pre-analysis purposes. Contains A. introduction, theory, and hypotheses, B. methods, C. analysis plan, and final questions.
The Galaxy in Context: Structural, Kinematic and Integrated Properties
Creators: name: Bland-Hawthorn, Joss
name: Gerhard, Ortwin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Our Galaxy, the Milky Way, is a benchmark for understanding disk galaxies. It is the only galaxy whose formation history can be studied using the full distribution of stars from white dwarfs to supergiants. The oldest components provide us with unique insight into how galaxies form and evolve over billions of years. The Galaxy is a luminous (L-star) barred spiral with a central box/peanut bulge, a dominant disk, and a diffuse stellar halo. Based on global properties, it falls in the sparsely populated "green valley" region of the galaxy colour-magnitude diagram. Here we review the key integrated, structural and kinematic parameters of the Galaxy, and point to uncertainties as well as directions for future progress. Galactic studies will continue to play a fundamental role far into the future because there are measurements that can only be made in the near field and much of contemporary astrophysics depends on such observations.
description: 69 pages, 18 figures, LaTeX. See http://www.physics.usyd.edu.au/~jbh/S/ARAA_2016.pdf for published version
Molecular detection of intestinal helminths and protozoa among young children in Dosso Region, Niger
Creators: name: Aiemjoy, Kristen
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences

description: Eukaryotic parasites are significant contributors to childhood illness in Niger. While helminthiases have received national attention through mass deworming efforts, the epidemiology of intestinal protozoa in Niger remains underexamined. This study employed real-time PCR diagnostics to describe the prevalence of two schistosomes, four soil-transmitted helminths, and one protozoan parasite in Boboye Department, Dosso Region. Prevalence was assessed using bulk stool specimens collected from a population-based sample of 86 children residing in 9 communities. Anthropometric measurements were used to calculate child growth z-scores and stool consistency was graded. Helminths were absent from the study population, with the exception of a single Schistosoma haematobium infection (1/86; 1.2%). Giardia duodenalis was the only protozoa present, detected in 65% (56/86) of children. Prevalence of G. duodenalis peaked in 2-year-olds with 88% (15/17) positivity. The population was generally undernourished, though growth indices did not differ significantly between children with and without G. duodenalis infection.
"Auf diese Weise vorbereitet". Praktiken des Wissensmanagements zwischen Landesbeschreibung und Volkskunde.
Creators: name: Keller-Drescher, Lioba
Publisher: name: Universität Tübingen
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Wissenschaftsforschung , Volkskunde , Praxeologie
subject: 300
subject: 900
subject: Wissenspraktiken
subject: History of Ethnography
subject: History of Knowledge
subject: Knowledge Practices

description: An Beispielen aus Württemberg wird dargestellt, wie ethnografisches Wissen als geteilte Praxis verschiedener Institutionen über ihre Praktiken und Formate entstehen kann und wie dabei materielle Voraussetzungen und personale Beziehungen eine Rolle spielen können und in Wissensmanagement überführt werden können.
FINANCING STREAMS OF POST-REGISTRATION VARIETY TESTING: A CASE STUDY FROM POLAND
Creators: name: UGLIS, JAROSŁAW
name: KOZERA-KOWALSKA, MAGDALENA
name: UGLIS, JAROSŁAW
name: KOZERA-KOWALSKA, MAGDALENA
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: post-registration variety testing (PRVT)
subject: PDO
subject: agricultural progress
subject: financing of progress
subject: sources of financing
subject: knowledge transfer to agriculture

description: This paper addresses the measures taken to implement progress in agriculture, with particular emphasis on the role played by Post-Registration Variety Testing (PRVT). Special attention was paid to assessing the structure of financing streams for PRVT in Poland, how they evolve over time and how they differ between locations. The Reports on the Implementation of the Post-Registration Variety Testing (PRVT) Program in 2010-2021 were used as source materials. Studies were carried out using 2010 constant prices. This paper found an increase in the number of PRVT research projects and experiments over the study period, which contributed to promoting biological progress, although the uses of PRVT findings differed between regions. Focus was also placed on the restructuring of financing for post-registration testing, with two leading streams being identified, namely the state budget and funds delivered by third parties, including private operators. The authors emphasized the importance of earmarked subsidies allocated to PRVT in the state budget, and the role they play in stimulating the transfer of knowledge and in promoting advancements and preserving biodiversity in Polish agriculture. The conclusion also points out the importance of PODs also in terms of the suitability of varieties for production in particular regions and under given technological conditions, which is in line with, among other things, the goals of the UN’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, i.e. SDG 12 (ensuring sustainable consumption and production patterns) and SDG 15 (protecting, restoring and promoting sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably managing forests, combating desertification, halting and reversing land degradation, and halting biodiversity loss).
Light-Front Holography and Superconformal Quantum Mechanics: A New Approach to Hadron Structure and Color Confinement
Creators: name: Brodsky, S. J.
name: Deur, A.
name: de Teramond, G. F.
name: Dosch, H. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A primary question in hadron physics is how the mass scale for hadrons consisting of light quarks, such as the proton, emerges from the QCD Lagrangian even in the limit of zero quark mass. If one requires the effective action which underlies the QCD Lagrangian to remain conformally invariant and extends the formalism of de Alfaro, Fubini and Furlan to light-front Hamiltonian theory, then a unique, color-confining potential with a mass parameter $κ$ emerges. The actual value of the parameter $κ$ is not set by the model - only ratios of hadron masses and other hadronic mass scales are predicted. The result is a nonperturbative, relativistic light-front quantum mechanical wave equation, the Light-Front Schrödinger Equation which incorporates color confinement and other essential spectroscopic and dynamical features of hadron physics, including a massless pion for zero quark mass and linear Regge trajectories with the identical slope in the radial quantum number $n$ and orbital angular momentum $L$. The same light-front equations for mesons with spin $J$ also can be derived from the holographic mapping to QCD (3+1) at fixed light-front time from the soft-wall model modification of AdS$_5$ space with a specific dilaton profile. Light-front holography thus provides a precise relation between the bound-state amplitudes in the fifth dimension of AdS space and the boost-invariant light-front wavefunctions describing the internal structure of hadrons in physical space-time. One can also extend the analysis to baryons using superconformal algebra - $2 \times 2$ supersymmetric representations of the conformal group. The resulting fermionic LF bound-state equations predict striking similarities between the meson and baryon spectra. In fact, the holographic QCD light-front Hamiltonians for the states on the meson and baryon trajectories are identical if one shifts the internal angular...
description: 17 pages, 8 figures. Contribution to the proceedings of Hadron Structure'15, Slovakia. Talk presented by S. J. Brodsky
Revisiting the integration hypothesis: Correlational and longitudinal meta-analyses demonstrate the limited role of acculturation for cross-cultural adaptation
Creators: name: Bierwiaczonek, Kinga
name: Kunst, Jonas
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: Peer-reviewed Supplemental Material for Bierwiaczonek, K. & Kunst, J. R. (2021). Revisiting the integration hypothesis: Correlational and longitudinal meta-analyses demonstrate the limited role of acculturation for cross-cultural adaptation. Psychological Science.