title: ÐÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ ÑÐ²ÑÐµÐ¼Ð¸Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð² Ð¸ Ð´Ð¸ÑÑÐµÐ¼Ð¸Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð² Ð² ÑÐ¾Ð²ÑÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð¼ Ð°Ð½Ð³Ð»Ð¾ÑÐ·ÑÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¼ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð¼ Ð´Ð¸ÑÐºÑÑÑÐµ (Ð½Ð° Ð¼Ð°ÑÐµÑÐ¸Ð°Ð»Ðµ Ð¿ÑÐ±Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ½ÑÑ Ð²ÑÑÑÑÐ¿Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ Ð´ÐµÑÑÐµÐ»ÐµÐ¹ Ð¡Ð¨Ð Ð·Ð° 2012-2022 Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ñ)
title: Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð±Ð°ÐºÐ°Ð»Ð°Ð²ÑÐ°
titleType: Subtitle
title: The use of euphemisms and dysphemisms in modern political discourse (based on public speeches made by the US politicians in 2012-2022)
Creators: name: ÐÐ°Ð½ÑÐºÐ¾, Ð®Ð»Ð¸Ñ
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2023
Subjects: ÑÐ²ÑÐµÐ¼Ð¸Ð·Ð¼
Ð´Ð¸ÑÑÐµÐ¼Ð¸Ð·Ð¼
Ð²ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¸ÑÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð¸ÑÑÐµÐ¼Ð¸Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸Ñ
ÑÑÐ¸Ð»Ð¸ÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿ÑÐ¸ÑÐ¼
ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð½Ð¾ÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ñ
Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ²ÑÐµÐ¼Ð¸Ð·Ð¼
Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ°Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑÑÐµÐºÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÑ
Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð´Ð¸ÑÐºÑÑÑ
Ð¸Ð½ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¼Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð¹Ð½Ð°
ÐÐµÐ¼Ð¾ÐºÑÐ°ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¿Ð°ÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¡Ð¨Ð
Ð ÐµÑÐ¿ÑÐ±Ð»Ð¸ÐºÐ°Ð½ÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¿Ð°ÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¡Ð¨Ð
Ð²Ð·Ð°Ð¸Ð¼Ð¾Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¡Ð¨Ð Ð¸ Ð Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸Ð¸
euphemism
dysphemism
derivative dysphemy
stylistic device
connotation
political euphemism
political correctness
political discourse
informational warfare
the Democratic Party of the USA
the Republican Party of the USA
Russia â United States relations

description: Ð Ð°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ²ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð° Ð¸Ð·ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÐµÐ½Ð´ÐµÐ½ÑÐ¸Ð¹ Ð² Ð¸ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¸ ÑÐ²ÑÐµÐ¼Ð¸Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð² Ð¸ Ð´Ð¸ÑÑÐµÐ¼Ð¸Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð² Ð² ÑÐµÐºÑÑÐ°Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ±Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ½ÑÑ Ð²ÑÑÑÑÐ¿Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¼Ð¸ Ð´ÐµÑÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ¼Ð¸ Ð¡Ð¨Ð Ð² Ð¿ÐµÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð´ Ñ 2012 Ð¿Ð¾ 2020 Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ñ. Ð¡Ð¾Ð³Ð»Ð°ÑÐ½Ð¾ Ð¸Ð·ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð½Ð°ÑÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¸ ÑÑÐµÐ±Ð½Ð¾-Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð¹ Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ°ÑÑÑÐµ Ð±ÑÐ»Ð¸ Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð½ÑÑÐ¸Ñ ÑÐ²ÑÐµÐ¼Ð¸Ð·Ð¼Ð° Ð¸ Ð´Ð¸ÑÑÐµÐ¼Ð¸Ð·Ð¼Ð°, ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¼Ð¾ÑÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð½ÐµÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐµ ÑÐ¿Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¸Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ°Ð·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ Ð¸Ð´ÐµÐ½ÑÐ¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð² ÑÐµÐºÑÑÐµ, Ð½Ð°ÑÑÐ´Ñ Ñ Ð¸Ñ ÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¼ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐµÐ½ÑÐ¸Ð°Ð»Ð¾Ð¼ Ð² Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð¼ Ð´Ð¸ÑÐºÑÑÑÐµ. ÐÐ° Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ðµ ÑÐµÐ¾ÑÐµÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¼Ð°ÑÐµÑÐ¸Ð°Ð»Ð° Ð±ÑÐ» Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½ ÐºÐ¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÐ¹ Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð· ÑÐ²ÑÐµÐ¼Ð¸Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð² Ð¸ Ð´Ð¸ÑÑÐµÐ¼Ð¸Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð² Ð² ÑÐµÑÐ¸ ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ¾Ð² Ð¡Ð¨Ð ÐºÐ°Ðº ÐÐ°ÑÐ°Ðº ÐÐ±Ð°Ð¼Ð°, ÐÐ¾Ð½Ð°Ð»ÑÐ´ Ð¢ÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¿, Ð¥Ð¸Ð»Ð»Ð°ÑÐ¸ ÐÐ»Ð¸Ð½ÑÐ¾Ð½, ÐÐ¶Ð¾ ÐÐ°Ð¹Ð´ÐµÐ½ Ð¸ Ð´Ñ., Ð° ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¶Ðµ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¼Ð¾ÑÑÐµÐ½Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÐºÑÐµÑÐ½ÑÐµ Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÑÑ Ð¸ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸Ð¼Ð¸ ÑÐ²ÑÐµÐ¼Ð¸Ð¸ Ð¸ Ð´Ð¸ÑÑÐµÐ¼Ð¸Ð¸ Ð² Ð¿ÑÐ±Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¼ Ð²ÑÑÑÑÐ¿Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¸. ÐÑÐ»Ð¾ Ð²ÑÑÑÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¾, ÑÑÐ¾ Ð² ÑÐ°Ð¼ÐºÐ°Ñ Ð²ÑÑÐºÐ°Ð·ÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾ Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð¸Ð¼ Ð²Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐ°Ð¼, Ð² ÑÐµÑÐ¸ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ¾Ð² Ð´Ð¸ÑÑÐµÐ¼Ð¸Ð·Ð¼Ñ Ð¿ÑÐµÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð´ ÑÐ²ÑÐµÐ¼Ð¸Ð·Ð¼Ð°Ð¼Ð¸; Ñ ÑÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð¸ÐµÐ¼ Ð²ÑÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ð¸ ÑÑÐµÐ¿ÐµÐ½Ñ ÑÐºÑÐ¿ÑÐµÑÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð´Ð¸ÑÑÐµÐ¼Ð¸Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð² ÑÐ°ÑÑÐµÑ, ÑÐ¾Ð³Ð´Ð° ÐºÐ°Ðº ÑÐ²ÑÐµÐ¼Ð¸Ð·Ð¼Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑÐµÑÐ¾Ð´ÑÑ Ð² ÑÐ°Ð·ÑÑÐ´ Ð¾ÑÑÐ¾ÑÐµÐ¼Ð¸Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð², Ñ.Ðµ. Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð¶Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð½Ð¾ÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ñ ÑÐ²ÑÐµÐ¼Ð¸Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð² Ð¾ÑÐ»Ð°Ð±ÐµÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ. Ð¢ÐµÐ¼ Ð½Ðµ Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐµ, Ð±ÑÐ»Ð¾ ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¾, ÑÑÐ¾ Ð½Ð° ÑÐµÐ³Ð¾Ð´Ð½ÑÑÐ½Ð¸Ð¹ Ð´ÐµÐ½Ñ ÑÐ²ÑÐµÐ¼Ð¸Ð·Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð¾ ÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ñ ÑÐ²Ð»ÑÑÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐ¾ÑÑÐµÐ¼Ð»ÐµÐ¼Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐ°ÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð´Ð¸ÑÐºÑÑÑÐ°, Ð½Ð°ÑÑÐ´Ñ Ñ Ð´Ð¸ÑÑÐµÐ¼Ð¸Ð·Ð¼Ð°Ð¼Ð¸.
description: This research is devoted to determining the tendencies in using euphemisms and dysphemisms in the texts of public speech, made by the US politicians in the years 2012-2022. On the basis of academic and methodological literature, the terms âeuphemismâ and âdysphemismâ have been defined, some of the ways of their formation and identification in texts studied, their rhetorical potential in political discourse determined. In accordance with the collected theoretical material, the quantitative analysis of euphemisms and dysphemisms has been conducted on the public speeches of such US politicians as Barak Obama, Donald Trump, Hillary Clinton, Joe Biden and others; moreover, some particular cases of their using the stylistic devices of euphemy and dysphemy in their speech have been examined. It has been determined that when speaking on both the subjects, the politicians tend to prefer using dysphemy over euphemy; the degree of expressiveness in dysphemisms grows over time, whereas euphemisms shift into the lexical class of orthophemisms, i.e. their positive connotation wanes. Nevertheless, it has been concluded that euphemisms today are still essential in political discourse, alongside with dysphemisms.