cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Quantum Criticality and the Kondo Lattice
Creators: name: Si, Qimiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum phase transitions (QPTs) arise as a result of competing interactions in a quantum many-body system. Kondo lattice models, containing a lattice of localized magnetic moments and a band of conduction electrons, naturally feature such competing interactions. A Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) exchange interaction among the local moments promotes magnetic ordering. However, a Kondo exchange interaction between the local moments and conduction electrons favors the Kondo-screened singlet ground state. This chapter summarizes the basic physics of QPTs in antiferromagnetic Kondo lattice systems. Two types of quantum critical points (QCPs) are considered. Spin-density-wave quantum criticality occurs at a conventional type of QCP, which invokes only the fluctuations of the antiferromagnetic order parameter. Local quantum criticality describes a new type of QCP, which goes beyond the Landau paradigm and involves a breakdown of the Kondo effect. This critical Kondo breakdown effect leads to non-Fermi liquid electronic excitations, which are part of the critical excitation spectrum and are in addition to the fluctuations of the magnetic order parameter. Across such a QCP, there is a sudden collapse of the Fermi surface from large to small. I close with a brief summary of relevant experiments, and outline a number of outstanding issues, including the global phase diagram.
description: 27 pages, 6 figures; Chapter of the book "Understanding Quantum Phase Transitions", ed. Lincoln D. Carr (CRC Press/Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, 2010)
Additional file 1 of Analysis and forecasting of crude oil price based on the variable selection-LSTM integrated model
Creators: name: Lu, Quanying
name: Sun, Shaolong
name: Duan, Hongbo
name: Wang, Shouyang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Additional file 1. Neural networks training characteristics. Table A.1. Neural networks design and training characteristics
Optimization of magnesium removal from hydrometallurgical leach liquors by struvite formation
Creators: name: Eghtesad, Masoumeh
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: Nickel is a vital metal which occurs in two types of ore: laterites and sulfides. Historically sulfide ores have been the primary source of nickel however due to their limited resources and the vast occurrence of laterites, laterite processing has gained a great deal of attention. Nickel in laterite ores is accompanied by impurities such as magnesium and iron, due to their similarity in ionic radii and their capability in replacing one another in crystal lattices. Magnesium compounds are highly soluble, therefore, magnesium impurity in nickel processing leads to the production of non-recyclable process water which results in high water consumption and negative environmental impact due to the wastewater being discarded to the environment. An approach has been derived at the University of British Columbia which involves the removal of magnesium compounds from nickel plant wastewater streams as struvite. Struvite, MgNH₄PO₄·6H₂O, is a valuable fertilizer which provides three important nutrients of magnesium, phosphorus and nitrogen to plants. This study confirms the ability of the proposed flowsheet to successfully remove magnesium as struvite from nickel laterite plants from both aspects of the magnesium removal efficiency and the produced struvite purity; with the experiments conducted at the base conditions having magnesium removal efficiency of above 95 percent and the produced struvite purity being above 97 percent. This study focuses on the optimal conditions leading to the maximum magnesium removal and therefore struvite precipitation. Struvite precipitation is affected by many parameters. The most influential factors affecting struvite crystallization are mixing intensity, seeding and the seeding technique, pH, temperature, crystal retention time, magnesium to phosphate ratio, supersaturation level and the impurities present in the system. This study verifies that each of these parameters affect struvite precipitation differently. For instance, variations in supersaturation level and pH have greater effect on struvite precipitation then variations in temperature and mixing intensity. Additionally, this study confirms that the optimum condition for struvite precipitation is the same as the existing conditions of the effluent solution such as ambient temperature and pH; therefore, no further adjustment is required; however, solution seeding with struvite powder does improve the magnesium removal efficiency.
Additional file 1 of Would high-dose corticosteroid addition to multimodal cocktail periarticular injection contribute to prolonged pain control and better recovery following total knee arthroplasty?: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Zhong, Chengfan
name: He, Rong
name: Lu, Xiaomin
name: Zhong, Lilun
name: Lin, Ding-Kun
name: Liu, Jun
name: Guo, Da
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 1: Supplement Table 1. Description of adverse events.
Insulating phase of a two-dimensional electron gas in MgZnO/ZnO heterostructure below nu = 1/3
Creators: name: Kozuka, Y.
name: Tsukazaki, A.
name: Maryenko, D.
name: Falson, J.
name: Akasaka, S.
name: Nakahara, K.
name: Nakamura, S.
name: Awaji, S.
name: Ueno, K.
name: Kawasaki, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report magnetotransport properties of a two-dimensional electron gas confined at MgZnO/ZnO heterointerface in a high magnetic field up to 26 T. High electron mobility and low charge carrier density enabled the observation of the fractional quantum Hall state nu = 1/3. For an even lower charge carrier density, we observe a transition from quantum Hall liquid to an insulator below the filling factor 1/3. Because of the large electron effective mass in ZnO, we suggest the MgZnO/ZnO heterostructure to be a prototype system for highly correlated quantum Hall physics.
description: 17 pages, 3 figures
THE ROLE OF PRAGMATICS IN ACHIEVING THE INTENDED IMPACT OF SLOGANS
Creators: name: Oblakulova, Shakhrizoda
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Slogans serve as essential tools in communication, particularly in marketing, politics, and social activism, where they encapsulate complex messages in concise and memorable phrases. Pragmatics, the study of language in context, plays a fundamental role in ensuring that slogans achieve their intended impact. This paper explores various pragmatic strategies such as implicature, speech acts, presupposition, deixis, intertextuality, and emotional appeal, which contribute to the effectiveness of slogans. By analyzing how slogans function beyond their literal meanings, this study highlights the significance of pragmatics in shaping audience perception, emotional response, and action. The discussion also extends to the adaptability of slogans in different cultural and digital contexts, demonstrating the fluidity of meaning in social discourse. Understanding the pragmatic mechanisms behind slogans enhances their design and effectiveness, making them powerful instruments of persuasion.
City-dwelling Samnites : urban settlement at Monte Pallano and Monte Vairano
Creators: name: Lee, Kevin Stuart
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: The ancient Samnites of south-central Italy have been cast by both ancient and modern authors as rough-and-tumble highlanders due to their habitation of the rugged river valleys of the southern Apennines and their ferocious resistance to Roman expansion in the fifth and fourth centuries B.C. The most visible remainders of Samnite civilization are the great fortresses of polygonal masonry that crown many hilltops and mountain peaks in the modern regioni of Abruzzo, Molise, and Campania, around which Samnite farms, villages, and sanctuaries coalesced. Since the publication of Edward Togo Salmon’s Samnium and the Samnites and the wide adoption of Adriano La Regina’s pagus-vicus model for Apenninic settlement, there has been a marked resistance in modern scholarship to characterizing the largest of these fortified centers as cities. This stands in stark contrast with ancient authors, in particular Livy, who frequently refer to Samnite population centers in urban terms. This thesis defends the ancient view of the Samnites as an urban people, with permanently occupied hill-forts as their cities. It begins with a close examination of Livy’s monumental history of Rome, in particular his narration of the Samnite Wars in the seventh through tenth books. This first chapter analyzes the terminology Livy employs to describe Samnite cities and their features, and reconstructs from the text a Roman understanding of the city. The second and third chapters review the archaeological evidence from two well-documented Samnite fastnesses, Monte Pallano and Monte Vairano, in light of this understanding to illustrate how the Romans could understand them as cities. These chapters further illuminate aspects of community, state formation, and spatial organization at these cities in light of Michael Mann’s IEMP theory of power relations and Roberto Camagni’s factors for urban genesis. This thesis provides an alternative interpretation of the literary and archaeological evidence that is more faithful to the former and as such provides a firmer foundation for understanding the latter.
Sauerstoffregime in abwasserdurchsickerten Filtersanden
Creators: name: Turkovic, Robertino
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2009
Subjects: Bodenfilter
Kolmation
Optoden
Sauerstoffdiffusion
Sauerstoffzehrung

description: Ziel dieser Arbeit war es im Labormaßstab die Transport- und Umsatzmechanismen in abwasserdurchsickerten Sandfiltersystemen unter Berücksichtigung von Kolmationsphänomenen quantitativ zu erfassen. Ein weiterer Schwerpunkt lag in der Entwicklung eines In-situ-Sauerstoffmesssystems, welches zeitlich und räumlich hoch aufgelöste Messungen erlaubte. Mittels dieser Messungen konnten Sauerstoffbilanzen für Beaufschlagungsereignisse mit den entsprechenden Ein- und Austragspfaden erstellt werden.
Measurement of exclusive production of scalar $χ_{c0}$ meson in proton-(anti)proton collisions via $χ_{c0} \to π^{+}π^{-}$ decay
Creators: name: Lebiedowicz, Piotr
name: Pasechnik, Roman
name: Szczurek, Antoni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a measurement of exclusive production of scalar $χ_{c}(0^{++})$ meson in the proton-proton collisions at LHC and RHIC and in the proton-antiproton collisions at the Tevatron via $χ_{c0} \to π^{+}π^{-}$ decay. The corresponding amplitude for exclusive double-diffractive $χ_{c0}$ meson production was obtained within the $k_{t}$-factorization approach including virtualities of active gluons and the corresponding cross section is calculated with unintegrated gluon distribution functions (UGDFs) known from the literature. The four-body $p p \to p p π^+ π^-$ reaction constitutes an irreducible background to the exclusive $χ_{c0}$ meson production. We calculate several differential distributions for $pp(\bar{p}) \to pp(\bar{p})χ_{c0}$ process including absorptive corrections. The influence of kinematical cuts on the signal-to-background ratio is investigated. Corresponding experimental consequences are discussed.
description: 16 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables
Prüfplanung - Ein neues Prozessmanagement für Fahrzeugprüfungen
Creators: name: Forchert, Thomas M.
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2009
Subjects: Prüfplanung
Pruefplanung
Fahrzeugprüfungen
Fahrzeuge
Montage
Montageplanung
Produktionsplanung
Risikoanalyse
Prozessmanagement

description: Für komplexe und sicherheitsrelevante Produkte wie Personenkraftwagen sind Prüfungen zur Qualitätsabsicherung im Produktionsprozess aus vielfachen Gründen erforderlich. Insbesondere sind gesetzliche und normative Vorgaben zu beachten. Das neue Prozessmanagement umfasst die Prüfplanung und die Organisation. Der Prüfplanungsprozess beinhaltet einen neu entwickelten Priorisierungsalgorithmus. Es wird ein numerisches Verfahren für die Auswahl der wichtigsten Prüfungen beschrieben.
A Global Citizen of the Skies
Creators: name: Brown, D.
name: Neale, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Global citizenship plays an important role in today's schools. Many subjects taught in schools have already incorporated such ideas. Science and physics have also followed suit. However, when dealing with astronomy - a topic so seemingly far removed from society - it becomes difficult to imagine any links with global citizenship. At Nottingham Trent University observatory we have developed an activity ideal to transport the idea of global citizenship and deal with common astronomical misconceptions. It incorporates role playing in the inspiring environment of an astronomical observatory. In this activity stellar constellations with their myths and history pose an ideal opportunity to explore global citizenship. Students not only place themselves in someone else's situation, but also compare their different reactions when faced with a common situation. This idea is extended to analyse the change in constellation culture throughout time and the affect politics has had on constellations. In this article we outline the details of this activity and how it deals with common astronomical misconceptions. We also demonstrate its implementation into astronomy taught at schools. First results showing the impact the activity had on the students will also be given.
description: 23 pages, 7 figures
The LEAP of Pulsars in the Milky Way
Creators: name: McKinnon, M. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The location of objects on the celestial sphere is a fundamental measurement in astronomy, and the distribution of these objects within the Milky Way is important for understanding their evolution as well as the large scale structure of the Galaxy. Here, physical concepts in Galactic astronomy are illustrated using straightforward mathematics and simplifying assumptions regarding the geometry of the Galaxy. Specifically, an analytical model for a smooth distribution of particles in an oblate ellipsoid is used to replicate the observed distributions of the Galactic coordinates for pulsars and supernova remnants. The distributions and the Lambert equal area projections (LEAPs) of the coordinates suggest that the dominant factors determining the general shape of the distributions are the heavy concentration of objects in the Galactic plane and the offset of the Galactic center from the coordinate system origin. The LEAPs and the distributions also show that the dispersion of pulsars about and along the plane are much larger than that for their progenitor supernovae. Additionally, the model can be used to derive an analytical expression for the dispersion measure along any line of sight within the Galaxy. The expression is used to create a hypothetical dispersion measure-distance map for pulsars in the Galaxy.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures. Published in proceedings of Mathematics and Astronomy: A Joint Long Journey, Madrid, Spain, 23-27 November 2009. See http://link.aip.org/link/?APCPCS/1283/294/1. Copyright (2010) American Institute of Physics. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physics
Prompt photon production at HERA
Creators: name: Saxon, D. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New results are presented on prompt photon production in photoproduction (H1) and DIS (ZEUS). These are compared to the predictions of collinear (DGLAP) factorisation and $k_T$-factorisation theories. The comparison tends to favour the $k_T$-factorisation approach.
description: 5 pp, 4 figs, presented at DIS2010 conference - Firenze, April 19-23, 2010
An electrostatic elliptical mirror for neutral polar molecules
Creators: name: Flórez, A. Isabel González
name: Meek, Samuel A.
name: Haak, Henrik
name: Conrad, Horst
name: Santambrogio, Gabriele
name: Meijer, Gerard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Focusing optics for neutral molecules finds application in shaping and steering molecular beams. Here we present an electrostatic elliptical mirror for polar molecules consisting of an array of microstructured gold electrodes deposited on a glass substrate. Alternating positive and negative voltages applied to the electrodes create a repulsive potential for molecules in low-field-seeking states. The equipotential lines are parallel to the substrate surface, which is bent in an elliptical shape. The mirror is characterized by focusing a beam of metastable CO molecules and the results are compared to the outcome of trajectory simulations.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 1 of The pattern of health insurance economic resilience in the Covid 19 pandemic shock
Creators: name: Kharazmi, Erfan
name: Bordbar, Shima
name: Gholampoor, Hanie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Influence/Dependence Matrix of health insurance factors in economic resilience.
Implementing fire history and fire ecology in fire risk assessment: the study case of Canton Ticino (southern Switzerland)
Creators: name: Conedera, Marco
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2009
Subjects: Forest fires
fire regime
risk assessment
Monte Carlo simulation
Tessin

description: The understanding of the ecological role of wildfires and the knowledge of its past natural and cultural dynamics in different ecosystems have been recognize as a prerequisite for a sustainable land and ecosystem management. The main objective of this work is to propose a methodological approach for implementing the knowledge derived from studies of fire history, fire ecology, and fire suppression strategies in fire risk analyses in a low-to medium fire-prone region such as the Canton Ticino.
Radio emission from dark matter annihilation in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Creators: name: Siffert, Beatriz B.
name: Limone, Angelo
name: Borriello, Enrico
name: Longo, Giuseppe
name: Miele, Gennaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Large Magellanic Cloud, at only 50 kpc away from us and known to be dark matter dominated, is clearly an interesting place where to search for dark matter annihilation signals. In this paper, we estimate the synchrotron emission due to WIMP annihilation in the halo of the LMC at two radio frequencies, 1.4 and 4.8 GHz, and compare it to the observed emission, in order to impose constraints in the WIMP mass vs. annihilation cross section plane. We use available Faraday rotation data from background sources to estimate the magnitude of the magnetic field in different regions of the LMC's disc, where we calculate the radio signal due to dark matter annihilation. We account for the e+ e- energy losses due to synchrotron, Inverse Compton Scattering and bremsstrahlung, using the observed hydrogen and dust temperature distribution on the LMC to estimate their efficiency. The extensive use of observations, allied with conservative choices adopted in all the steps of the calculation, allow us to obtain very realistic constraints.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
Beauty is Distractive: Particle production during multifield inflation
Creators: name: Battefeld, Diana
name: Battefeld, Thorsten
name: Byrnes, Christian
name: Langlois, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a two-dimensional model of inflation, where the inflationary trajectory is "deformed" by a grazing encounter with an Extra Species/Symmetry Point (ESP) after the observable cosmological scales have left the Hubble radius. The encounter entails a sudden production of particles, whose backreaction causes a bending of the trajectory and a temporary decrease in speed, both of which are sensitive to initial conditions. This "modulated" effect leads to an additional contribution to the curvature perturbation, which can be dominant if the encounter is close. We compute associated non-Gaussianities, the bispectrum and its scale dependence as well as the trispectrum, which are potentially detectable in many cases. In addition, we consider a direct modulation of the coupling to the light field at the ESP via a modulaton field, a mixed scenario whereby the modulaton is identified with a second inflaton, and an extended Extra Species Locus (ESL); all of these scenarios lead to similar additional contributions to observables. We conclude that inflaton interactions throughout inflation are strongly constrained if primordial non-Gaussianities remain unobserved in current experiments such as PLANCK. If they are observed, an ESP encounter leaves additional signatures on smaller scales which may be used to identify the model.
description: 41 pages, 6 figures; v2: references and minor clarifications added, conclusions unchanged
Heterogeneous burden of lung disease in smokers with borderline airflow obstruction
Creators: Pirozzi, Cheryl S.
Gu, Tian
Quibrera, Pedro M.
Carretta, Elizabeth E.
Han, MeiLan K.
Murray, Susan
Cooper, Christopher B.
Tashkin, Donald P.
Kleerup, Eric C.
Barjaktarevic, Igor
Hoffman, Eric A.
Martinez, Carlos H.
Christenson, Stephanie A.
Hansel, Nadia N.
Graham Barr, R.
Bleecker, Eugene R.
Ortega, Victor E.
Martinez, Fernando J.
Kanner, Richard E.
Paine, Robert
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Cigarette smokers--Health and hygiene
Lungs--Diseases--Etiology
Smoking--Health aspects

description: Background
The identification of smoking-related lung disease in current and former smokers with normal FEV1 is complex, leading to debate regarding using a ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 s to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) of less than 0.70 versus the predicted lower limit of normal (LLN) for diagnosis of airflow obstruction. We hypothesized that the discordant group of ever-smokers with FEV1/FVC between the LLN and 0.70 is heterogeneous, and aimed to characterize the burden of smoking-related lung disease in this group.

Methods
We compared spirometry, chest CT characteristics, and symptoms between 161 ever-smokers in the discordant group and 940 ever-smokers and 190 never-smokers with normal FEV1 and FEV1/FVC > 0.70 in the SPIROMICS cohort. We also estimated sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing objective radiographic evidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) using different FEV1/FVC criteria thresholds.

Results
The discordant group had more CT defined emphysema and non-emphysematous gas trapping, lower post-bronchodilator FEV1 and FEF25–75, and higher respiratory medication use compared with the other two groups. Within the discordant group, 44% had radiographic CT evidence of either emphysema or non-emphysematous gas trapping; an FEV1/FVC threshold of 0.70 has greater sensitivity but lower specificity compared with LLN for identifying individuals with CT abnormality.

Conclusions
Ever-smokers with normal FEV1 and FEV1/FVC  LLN are a heterogeneous group that includes significant numbers of individuals with and without radiographic evidence of smoking-related lung disease. These findings emphasize the limitations of diagnosing COPD based on spirometric criteria alone.
Suppression of Mutual Interference in OFDM Based Overlay Systems
Creators: name: Brandes, Sinja
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2009
Subjects: OFDM
overlay systems
sidelobe suppression
interference mitigation

description: A promising appraoch for overcoming spectrum scarcity are overlay systems that share a frequency band with already existing licensed systems by using the spectral gaps left by the licensed systems. Due to its spectral efficiency and flexibility orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is an appropriate modulation technique for overlay systems. To enable a successful co-existence, techniques for suppressing mutual interferences between the overlay and the licensed system are proposed.
Additional file 2 of The pattern of health insurance economic resilience in the Covid 19 pandemic shock
Creators: name: Kharazmi, Erfan
name: Bordbar, Shima
name: Gholampoor, Hanie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2: Critical coefficient of components of the health insurance economic resilience systems.
Property prediction with Raman spectroscopy in the pulp and paper industry : a chemometric approach
Creators: name: Bain, Alison
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: The use of online spectroscopic analysis to predict final properties of in-process pulp has the capacity to revolutionize the paper industry saving time and money in process control and quality assurance. Water has a very low Raman scattering cross section, which makes this spectroscopic probe ideal for classification typical pulps with high and varying water content. Work described in this thesis aims to develop new methods to predict pulp end product properties from the Raman spectra of in process pulps. We predict breaking length of wet and dry pulps from their Raman spectra using a laboratory Raman probe. Pulp samples were refined to five levels of refining energy by Canfor Pulp Ltd. We determined that to accurately predict breaking length, pulp spectra must first, before modelling, be sorted into groups based on refining energy. Dry pulps yield better prediction models then wet pulps. Breaking length can be determined within 10% error after discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and template oriented genetic algorithm (TOGA) preprocessing, however, industry standard is 5%. Principal component analysis (PCA) suggests that Raman measurements made on the side edge of a pulp sheet are similar to those made on the top surface. We designed and built a Raman probe set-up for the investigation of industry-standard brightness pads in a modified PulpEye sample chamber to mimic online monitoring. We fashioned a 5-axis stage, from optical positioning components, to hold an INNO spectrometer for easy alignment through a small sapphire widow in the sample holder. Spectra acquired with the INNO-PulpEye set-up predict breaking length with an accuracy similar to the spectra taken with the laboratory set-up. Utilizing DWT for background suppression and noise reduction as well as TOGA for feature selection we were able to predict breaking lengths with 6-10% error using both the lab and PulpEye sample chamber Raman probe systems. We have also investigated the possibility of predicting pulp viscosity from its Raman spectrum. We were able to predict viscosity over the full range with errors below 6% and 1% for pulps with viscosities between 500-560 mL/g.
Chandra Imaging and Spectroscopy of the Eastern XA Region of the Cygnus Loop Supernova Remnant
Creators: name: McEntaffer, Randall L.
name: Brantseg, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The XA region of the Cygnus Loop is a bright knot of X-ray emission on the eastern edge of the supernova remnant resulting from the interaction of the supernova blast wave with density enhancements at the edge of a precursor formed cavity. To study the nature and origin of the X-ray emission we use high spatial resolution images from Chandra. Our goal is to probe the density of various spectral extraction regions to form a picture of the cavity wall and characterize the interaction between this supernova and the local interstellar medium. We find that a series of regions along the edge of the X-ray emission appears to trace out the location of the cavity wall. The best fit plasma models result in two temperature component equilibrium models for each region. The low temperature components have densities that are an order of magnitude higher than the high temperature components. The high density plasma may exist in the cavity wall where it equilibrates rapidly and cools efficiently. The low density plasma is interior to the enhancement and heated further by a reverse shock from the wall. Calculations of shock velocities and timescales since shock heating are consistent with this interpretation. Furthermore, we find a bright knot of emission indicative of a discrete interaction of the blast wave with a high density cloud in the cavity wall with a size scale ~0.1 pc. Aside from this, other extractions made interior to the X-ray edge are confused by line of sight projection of various components. Some of these regions show evidence of detecting the cavity wall but their location makes the interpretation difficult. In general, the softer plasmas are well fit at temperatures kT~0.11 keV, with harder plasmas at temperatures of kT~0.27 keV. All regions display consistent metal depletions most notably in N, O, and Ne at an average of 0.54, 0.55, and 0.36 times solar.
Additional file 1 of How do Chinese people perceive their healthcare system? Trends and determinants of public satisfaction and perceived fairness, 2006–2019
Creators: name: Zhu, Yishan
name: Li, Yuanyuan
name: Wu, Ming
name: Fu, Hongqiao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Variables used in analysis.  Table S2. Patient experience and public perception, 2013. Figure S1. Top three social issues, 2006-2019.
Auswertung und Charakterisierung dreidimensionaler Messdaten technischer Oberflächen mit Riefentexturen
Creators: name: Xin, Binjian
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2008
Subjects: 3D-Oberflächendaten
Riefentextur
Bildverarbeitung

description: Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit werden Charakterisierung optisch erfasster 3D-Oberflächendaten untersucht. Für eine effiziente Auswertung ist es nötig, die Texturkomponenten zu zerlegen. Zwei Ansätze zur Separation von Riefentexturen werden vorgestellt, die auf einer geometrischen bzw. spektralen Modellierung beruhen. Auf Basis der Separation wird die Charakterisierung vorgestellt, deren robuste und zuverlässige Kenngrößen zur Beurteilung der Oberflächenqualität herangezogen werden können.
A refined empirical stability criterion for nonlinear Schroedinger solitons under spatiotemporal forcing
Creators: name: Mertens, Franz G.
name: Quintero, Niurka R.
name: Barashenkov, I. V.
name: Bishop, A. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the dynamics of travelling oscillating solitons of the cubic NLS equation under an external spatiotemporal forcing of the form $f(x,t) = a \exp[iK(t)x]$. For the case of time-independent forcing a stability criterion for these solitons, which is based on a collective coordinate theory, was recently conjectured. We show that the proposed criterion has a limited applicability and present a refined criterion which is generally applicable, as confirmed by direct simulations. This includes more general situations where $K(t)$ is harmonic or biharmonic, with or without a damping term in the NLS equation. The refined criterion states that the soliton will be unstable if the "stability curve" $p(\v)$, where $p(t)$ and $\v(t)$ are the normalized momentum and the velocity of the soliton, has a section with a negative slope. Moreover, for the case of constant $K$ and zero damping we use the collective coordinate solutions to compute a "phase portrait" of the soliton where its dynamics is represented by two-dimensional projections of its trajectories in the four-dimensional space of collective coordinates. We conjecture, and confirm by simulations, that the soliton is unstable if a section of the resulting closed curve on the portrait has a negative sense of rotation.
description: 29 pages
Additional file 3 of The pattern of health insurance economic resilience in the Covid 19 pandemic shock
Creators: name: Kharazmi, Erfan
name: Bordbar, Shima
name: Gholampoor, Hanie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3: Indirect influence map in the health insurance economic resilience system.
Additional file 4 of The pattern of health insurance economic resilience in the Covid 19 pandemic shock
Creators: name: Kharazmi, Erfan
name: Bordbar, Shima
name: Gholampoor, Hanie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 4: Indirect influence graph in the health insurance economic resilience system.
Dislocation dynamics simulations with climb: kinetics of dislocation loop coarsening controlled by bulk diffusion
Creators: name: Bakó, Botond
name: Clouet, Emmanuel
name: Dupuy, Laurent
name: Blétry, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dislocation climb mobilities, assuming vacancy bulk diffusion, are derived and implemented in dislocation dynamics simulations to study the coarsening of vacancy prismatic loops in fcc metals. When loops cannot glide, the comparison of the simulations with a coarsening model based on the line tension approximation shows a good agreement. Dislocation dynamics simulations with both glide and climb are then performed. Allowing for glide of the loops along their prismatic cylinders leads to faster coarsening kinetics, as direct coalescence of the loops is now possible.
Generalized GCD matrices
Creators: name: Bege, Antal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11C20, 11A25, 15A36

description: Let $f$ be an arithmetical function. The matrix $[f(i,j)]_{n\times n}$ given by the value of $f$ in greatest common divisor of $(i,j)$, $f\big((i,j)\big)$ as its $i,\; j$ entry is called the greatest common divisor (GCD) matrix. We consider the generalization of this matrix where the elements are in the form $f\big(i,(i,j)\big)$.
Underlying Event Simulation in the Herwig++ Event Generator
Creators: name: Bähr, Manuel
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2008
Subjects: Hadron Collider
Monte Carlo Simulation

description: We study Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) at hadron colliders. This is done in the context of general purpose Monte Carlo Event Generators. The aim of this thesis is to develop and implement a model for the so--called Underlying Event for the program Herwig++. We discuss multiple parton-parton scattering as source of the UE and show that our implementation is able to describe existing data from the Tevatron collider very well. Nevertheless we extend this model by a soft, non-perturbative component.
Childhood sexual abuse among Black men who have sex with men: A cornerstone of a syndemic?
Creators: Wu, Elwin
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Gay men, Black
Child sexual abuse
HIV infections
Substance abuse

description: Background
The sequelae of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) includes HIV infection, engagement in HIV risk behaviors, substance misuse, and intimate partner violence (IPV). Although Black men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately infected with HIV in the U.S.—especially in urban locations such as New York City—there is limited research with larger samples of Black MSM of varied HIV status regarding the prevalence of CSA and the potential negative consequence with respect to a “syndemic,” i.e., the co-occurrence of adverse conditions such as HIVrisk, substance misuse, and IPV.

Methods
Black MSM (N = 1,002) recruited in New York City from 2009–2015 completed a screening assessment eliciting self-reported data on age, CSA, self-reported HIV status, number of male sexual partners, number of acts of condomless anal intercourse (CAI), substance misuse, and IPV. Hypothesis testing utilized logistic and linear regression models with self-reported data on CSA (independent variable) and indicators of the following syndemic factors: HIV risk, substance misuse, and IPV.

Results
More than one-fourth (28.1%) met criteria for experiencing CSA. CSA was associated with significantly greater odds of being HIV-positive (AOR = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.1–2.0); number of male sexual partners (b = 2.0, SE = 0.5, p = .002) and condomless acts of anal intercourse (b = 4.3, SE = 1.6, p = .007); odds of binge drinking (AOR = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.1–2.0) and illicit substance use (AOR = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.1–2.0); and odds of experiencing current IPV (AOR = 1.7; 95% CI = 1.2–2.3). CSA was associated with significantly greater odds of concurrently experiencing 2 or more syndemic factors (AOR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.4–2.9, p < .001); concurrently experiencing 2 or more syndemic factors was significantly associated with having a riskier HIV status (for being HIV-positive: AOR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.1–2.1, p = .02; for having an unknown HIV status: AOR = 3.7, 95% CI = 1.9–12.9, p = .04).

Conclusions
Among Black MSM, CSA is a prevalent problem and is a significant antecedent to HIV, substance misuse, and IPV indicators and risk. Addressing CSA may be a valuable approach to remedy the syndemic of HIV, substance misuse, and violence that has burdened MSM, especially Black MSM, in the U.S.
Studies of the K⁺ → π⁺π0 background for the measurement of K⁺ → π⁺νν ̄and π0 → νν ̄ decays
Creators: name: Fu, Jie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: The NA62 experiment aims at measuring the branching ratio of the ultra-rare decay K⁺ → π⁺νν ̄ with 10% precision. To achieve the desired precision, high levels of background rejection must be accomplished using techniques such as high-resolution timing, kinematic rejection, particle identification, and hermetic vetoing of photons. K⁺ → π⁺π0 (Kπ₂) decays, one of the largest background sources, are mainly rejected by kinematics reconstruction and photon vetoing in NA62. To evaluate Kπ₂ background rejection capabilities of the NA62 system, we studied the inefficiency of these two techniques. Kπ₂ and K⁺ → μ⁺ν (Kμ₂) events were selected from 2015 minimum bias data runs using Kπ₂/Kμ₂ separation cuts whose efficiency was also studied in details. The inefficiency of kinematics suppression was found to be (2.16 ± 0.21) × 10-³, and the upper limit of the photon veto inefficiency was 7 × 10-⁷ at 90% confidence level. Combined with correction factors from Monte Caro simulations, a preliminary result, S/B > 0.2, was estimated for Kπ₂ background in the measurement of K⁺ → π⁺νν ̄. Also, an upper limit on the branching ratio of the invisible decay π0 → νν ̄, 4.3×10-⁷, was obtained at 90% confidence level.
Spatial distribution and evolution of the stellar populations and candidate star clusters in the Blue Compact Dwarf I Zwicky 18
Creators: name: Ramos, R. Contreras
name: Annibali, F.
name: Fiorentino, G.
name: Tosi, M.
name: Aloisi, A.
name: Clementini, G.
name: Marconi, M.
name: Musella, I.
name: Saha, A.
name: van der Marel, R. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evolutionary properties and spatial distribution of I Zwicky 18 stellar populations are analyzed by means of HST/ACS deep and accurate photometry. The comparison of the resulting Colour- Magnitude diagrams with stellar evolution models indicates that stars of all ages are present in all the system components, including ob jects possibly up to 13 Gyr old, intermediate age stars and very young ones. The Colour-Magnitude diagrams show evidence of thermally pulsing asymptotic giant branch and carbon stars. Classical and ultra-long period Cepheids, as well as long period variables have been measured. About 20 ob jects could be unresolved star clusters, and are mostly concentrated in the North-West (NW) portion of the Main Body (MB). If interpreted with simple stellar population models, these ob jects indicate a particularly active star formation over the past hundred Myr in IZw 18. The stellar spatial distribution shows that the younger ones are more centrally concentrated, while old and intermediate age stars are distributed homogeneously over the two bodies, although more easily detectable at the system periphery. The oldest stars are best visible in the Secondary Body (SB) and in the South East (SE) portion of the MB, where crowding is less severe, but are present also in the rest of the MB, although measured with larger uncertainties. The youngest stars are a few Myr old, are located predominantly in the MB and mostly concentrated in its NW portion. The SE portion of the MB appears to be in a similar, but not as young evolutionary stage as the NW, while the SB stars are older than at least 10 Myr. There is then a sequence of decreasing age of the younger stars from the Secondary Body to the SE portion of the MB to the NW portion. All our results suggest that IZw18 is not atypical compared to other BCDs.
description: accepted for publication in ApJ, 14 pages, 7 figures
Information Literacy - the Key Module in LNSS project/ CULTURA INFORMAŢIEI - MODULUL-CHEIE ÎN LNSS
Creators: name: Mihaela, Staver
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Information Literacy
LNSS project
USARB
Cultura Informaţiei

description: În prezentare se relatează despre rolul Culturii informaţiei – cerinţă fundamentală în procesul de studiu şi cercetare, cursul respectiv fiind inclus în planurile de învăţământ USARB.  Sunt prezentate modulele de baza a cursului Bazele Culturii Informaţiei. Competenţele informaţionale constituie factorul cheie în educaţia pe parcursul întregii vieţi și reprezintă primul pas pe calea realizării scopurilor educaţionale.
The spin-1 two-dimensional J1-J2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet on a triangular lattice
Creators: name: Rubin, P.
name: Sherman, A.
name: Schreiber, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spin-1 Heisenberg antiferromagnet on a triangular lattice with the nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor couplings, $J_1=(1-p)J$ and $J_2=pJ$, $J>0$, is studied in the entire range of the parameter $p$. Mori's projection operator technique is used as a method which retains the rotation symmetry of spin components and does not anticipate any magnetic ordering. For zero temperature four second-order phase transitions are observed. At $p\approx 0.038$ the ground state is transformed from the long-range ordered $120^\circ$ spin structure into a state with short-range ordering, which in its turn is changed to a long-range ordered state with the ordering vector ${\bf Q^\prime}=\left(0,-\frac{2π}{\sqrt{3}}\right)$ at $p\approx 0.2$. For $p\approx 0.5$ a new transition to a state with a short-range order occurs. This state has a large correlation length which continuously grows with $p$ until the establishment of a long-range order happens at $p \approx 0.65$. In the range $0.5
description: 13 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Physics Letters A
Effect of vertex corrections on the longitudinal transport through multilayered nanostructures: Exact dynamical mean-field theory approach applied to the inhomogeneous Falicov-Kimball model
Creators: name: Hale, S. T. F.
name: Freericks, J. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inhomogeneous dynamical mean-field theory is employed to calculate the vertex-corrected electronic charge transport for multilayered devices composed of semi-infinite metallic lead layers coupled through a strongly correlated material barrier region. The barrier region can be tuned from a metal to a Mott insulator through adjusting the interaction strength and the particle filling. We use the Falicov-Kimball model to describe the barrier region because an exact expression for the vertex corrections is known, allowing us to determine their effect on transport. The dc conductivity is calculated and we find the effects of the vertex corrections are relatively small, manifesting themselves in a small reduction in the resistance-area product. This reduction saturates in absolute magnitude as the barrier layer becomes thick, as expected due to the vanishing nature of the vertex corrections in bulk. The vertex corrections have a larger relative effect on the resistance-area product for more metallic and thinner devices.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures
Imbalances in directed multigraphs
Creators: name: Pirzada, S.
name: Naikoo, T. A.
name: Samee, U.
name: Ivanyi, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C20

description: In a directed multigraph, the imbalance of a vertex $v_{i}$ is defined as $b_{v_{i}}=d_{v_{i}}^{+}-d_{v_{i}}^{-}$, where $d_{v_{i}}^{+}$ and $d_{v_{i}}^{-}$ denote the outdegree and indegree respectively of $v_{i}$. We characterize imbalances in directed multigraphs and obtain lower and upper bounds on imbalances in such digraphs. Also, we show the existence of a directed multigraph with a given imbalance set.