cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
MMD-FUSE: Learning and Combining Kernels for Two-Sample Testing Without Data Splitting
Creators: name: Biggs, Felix
name: Schrab, Antonin
name: Gretton, Arthur
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We propose novel statistics which maximise the power of a two-sample test based on the Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD), by adapting over the set of kernels used in defining it. For finite sets, this reduces to combining (normalised) MMD values under each of these kernels via a weighted soft maximum. Exponential concentration bounds are proved for our proposed statistics under the null and alternative. We further show how these kernels can be chosen in a data-dependent but permutation-independent way, in a well-calibrated test, avoiding data splitting. This technique applies more broadly to general permutation-based MMD testing, and includes the use of deep kernels with features learnt using unsupervised models such as auto-encoders. We highlight the applicability of our MMD-FUSE test on both synthetic low-dimensional and real-world high-dimensional data, and compare its performance in terms of power against current state-of-the-art kernel tests.
description: 38 pages,8 figures, 1 table
Towards the Model-Driven Engineering of Secure yet Safe Embedded Systems
Creators: name: Apvrille, Ludovic
name: Roudier, Yves
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce SysML-Sec, a SysML-based Model-Driven Engineering environment aimed at fostering the collaboration between system designers and security experts at all methodological stages of the development of an embedded system. A central issue in the design of an embedded system is the definition of the hardware/software partitioning of the architecture of the system, which should take place as early as possible. SysML-Sec aims to extend the relevance of this analysis through the integration of security requirements and threats. In particular, we propose an agile methodology whose aim is to assess early on the impact of the security requirements and of the security mechanisms designed to satisfy them over the safety of the system. Security concerns are captured in a component-centric manner through existing SysML diagrams with only minimal extensions. After the requirements captured are derived into security and cryptographic mechanisms, security properties can be formally verified over this design. To perform the latter, model transformation techniques are implemented in the SysML-Sec toolchain in order to derive a ProVerif specification from the SysML models. An automotive firmware flashing procedure serves as a guiding example throughout our presentation.
description: In Proceedings GraMSec 2014, arXiv:1404.1634
Near horizon symmetry and entropy of black holes in the presence of a conformally coupled scalar
Creators: name: Meng, Kun
name: Hu, Zhan-Ning
name: Zhao, Liu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the near horizon conformal symmetry for black hole solutions in gravity with a conformally coupled scalar field using the method proposed by Majhi and Padmanabhan recently. It is shown that the entropy of the black holes of the form $\mathrm{d}s^2 = - f(r)\mathrm{d}t^2 + \mathrm{d}r^2/f(r)+...$ agrees with Wald entropy. This result is different from previous result obtained by M. Natsuume, T. Okamura and M. Sato using the canonical Hamiltonian formalism, which claims a discrepancy from Wald entropy.
description: to appear in CQG
Kink scattering in the presence of geometric constrictions
Creators: name: Campos, João G. F.
name: Simas, Fabiano C.
name: Bazeia, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate kink-antikink collisions in a model characterized by two scalar fields in the presence of geometric constrictions. The model includes an auxiliary function that modifies the kinematics associated with one of the two fields. An important fact is that one of the fields can be solved independently, being responsible for changing the internal structure of the second one. We performed several collisions and observed the presence of resonance windows for small values of the parameters. Furthermore, we have been able to show the alternation between the appearance of oscillating pulses, as well as the annihilation and formation of kink-antikink pairs when the geometric constriction is more pronounced. The study of kink dynamics in models with geometric constrictions is connected with issues of interest such as domain wall formation and magnetization at the manometric scale.
description: 30 pages, 17 figures, final version to be published in JHEP
Towards Automating the Construction & Maintenance of Attack Trees: a Feasibility Study
Creators: name: Paul, Stéphane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: K6.5

description: Security risk management can be applied on well-defined or existing systems; in this case, the objective is to identify existing vulnerabilities, assess the risks and provide for the adequate countermeasures. Security risk management can also be applied very early in the system's development life-cycle, when its architecture is still poorly defined; in this case, the objective is to positively influence the design work so as to produce a secure architecture from the start. The latter work is made difficult by the uncertainties on the architecture and the multiple round-trips required to keep the risk assessment study and the system architecture aligned. This is particularly true for very large projects running over many years. This paper addresses the issues raised by those risk assessment studies performed early in the system's development life-cycle. Based on industrial experience, it asserts that attack trees can help solve the human cognitive scalability issue related to securing those large, continuously-changing system-designs. However, big attack trees are difficult to build, and even more difficult to maintain. This paper therefore proposes a systematic approach to automate the construction and maintenance of such big attack trees, based on the system's operational and logical architectures, the system's traditional risk assessment study and a security knowledge database.
description: In Proceedings GraMSec 2014, arXiv:1404.1634
The Behavior of Low Molecular Weight Organic Carbon-14 Containing Compounds in Contaminated Groundwater During Denitrification and Iron-Reduction
Creators: name: Boylan, Aislinn A.
name: Stewart, Douglas I.
name: Graham, James T.
name: Burke, Ian T.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Aqueous low molecular weight organic carbon-14 (14C) substances can be formed by the oxidation of carbide and impurities within nuclear fuel cladding. During reprocessing and interim storage 14C-labeled organic compounds may leak to the shallow subsurface environments at nuclear facilities where denitrifying and iron reducing zones can exist. 14C-labeled organic compounds (acetate, formate, formaldehyde and methanol) were used as electron donors in microcosm experiments, under both denitrification and iron reduction, using glacial outwash sediments and groundwater composition representative of the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing site, UK. In denitrifying microcosms, <6% of the initial 14C-DOC remained 15 days after injection into the microcosm irrespective of the electron donor; with concurrent 14CO2 (g) production. Lack of removal in sterile controls suggests that 14C-organics were metabolized by microorganisms. Under iron-reducing conditions both 14C-carboxylates were removed from solution rapidly, but some formaldehyde and methanol remained in solution 32 days after injection into the microcosm so there is potential that a proportion of 14C-formaldehyde and 14C-methanol may persist for longer in subsurface environments.
Estimate of the spectral radii of Bessel multipliers and consequences
Creators: name: Corso, Rosario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 42C15, 47A10, 47A12

description: Bessel multipliers are operators defined from two Bessel sequences of elements of a Hilbert space and a complex sequence, and have frame multipliers as particular cases. In this paper an estimate of the spectral radius of a Bessel multiplier is provided involving the cross Gram operator of the two sequences. As an upshot, it is possible to individuate some regions of the complex plane where the spectrum of a multiplier of dual frames is contained.
description: 9 pages
title: Nutritional Status of Food Insecure Older Adults
Creators: name: Walker, Chelsie
name: Asbury, Lindsey
name: Way, Javier
name: Johnson, Brent
name: Biddle, Alex
name: Wagner, Courtney
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Approximately 9.8 million seniors across America were at risk of going hungry in 2015. The percentage of seniors who faced the threat of hunger was equivalent to the percentage of seniors compared with the whole population of the United States. The prevalence rate of hypertension, which contributes to heart attacks and strokes, is over 50%, and the prevalence rate of diabetes is over 25% in seniors. Both heart disease and diabetes are among the top 10 leading causes of death in America with heart disease being number one. Appropriate dieting is recommended as a way to prevent and treat both of these diseases. The goal of this study is to determine the effectiveness of support offered by food banks to provide adequate nutrition to food insecure older adults. A total of 300 seniors will be assessed prior to their first use of food bank support and three months after initiation using the Mini Nutritional Assessment. The data will be analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Restricting the Use of 2, 4, 5-T: Costs to Domestic Users
Creators: name: Fox, Austin S.
name: Jenkins, Robert P.
name: Holstun, John T.
name: Klingman, Dayton L.
name: Fox, Austin S.
name: Jenkins, Robert P.
name: Holstun, John T.
name: Klingman, Dayton L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1971
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Production Economics
subject: Phenoxy herbicide
subject: 2, 4, 5-T
subject: economics
subject: farm use
subject: weed control

description: About 3.4 million acres of farmland and 4.5 million acres of nonfarmland were treated with an estimated 8.9 million pounds of the phenoxy herbicide 2, 4, 5-T in 1969. If 2, 4, 5-T were restricted, the economic costs to domestic users would have been $52 million in 1969, providing all other herbicides could still be used. However, costs would have increased to $172 million if other phenoxy herbicides were also prohibited. Additional costs to replace 2, 4, 5-T, if other phenoxys could have been used as alternatives, were estimated at $32 million for farmers and $20 million for other domestic users (public utility companies. Government agencies, homeowners, recreation, and timber industries). Without other phenoxys, additional costs would have increased to $44 million for farmers and to $128 million for nonfarm users. For farmers, the major land areas affected would be pasture and rangeland; for nonfarm users, rights-of-way maintenance would be most affected.
The X-ray Luminosity Functions of Field Low Mass X-ray Binaries in Early-Type Galaxies: Evidence for a Stellar Age Dependence
Creators: name: Lehmer, B. D
name: Berkeley, M.
name: Zezas, A.
name: Alexander, D. M.
name: Basu-Zych, A.
name: Bauer, F. E.
name: Brandt, W. N.
name: Fragos, T.
name: Hornschemeier, A. E.
name: Kalogera, V.
name: Ptak, A.
name: Sivakoff, G. R.
name: Tzanavaris, P.
name: Yukita, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present direct constraints on how the formation of low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) populations in galactic fields depends on stellar age. In this pilot study, we utilize Chandra and Hubble Space Telescope (HST) data to detect and characterize the X-ray point source populations of three nearby early-type galaxies: NGC 3115, 3379, and 3384. The luminosity-weighted stellar ages of our sample span 3-10 Gyr. X-ray binary population synthesis models predict that the field LMXBs associated with younger stellar populations should be more numerous and luminous per unit stellar mass than older populations due to the evolution of LMXB donor star masses. Crucially, the combination of deep Chandra and HST observations allows us to test directly this prediction by identifying and removing counterparts to X-ray point sources that are unrelated to the field LMXB populations, including LMXBs that are formed dynamically in globular clusters, Galactic stars, and background AGN/galaxies. We find that the "young" early-type galaxy NGC 3384 (~2-5 Gyr) has an excess of luminous field LMXBs (L_X > (5-10) x 10^37 erg/s) per unit K-band luminosity (L_K; a proxy for stellar mass) than the "old" early-type galaxies NGC 3115 and 3379 (~8-10 Gyr), which results in a factor of ~2-3 excess of LX/LK for NGC 3384. This result is consistent with the X-ray binary population synthesis model predictions; however, our small galaxy sample size does not allow us to draw definitive conclusions on the evolution field LMXBs in general. We discuss how future surveys of larger galaxy samples that combine deep Chandra and HST data could provide a powerful new benchmark for calibrating X-ray binary population synthesis models.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ (16 pages, 9 figures, 6 tables)
The First Glimpse of ULXs Through the Near-Infrared Images Captured by the James Webb Space Telescope
Creators: name: Allak, Sinan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work presents the first results of near-infrared (NIR) counterparts of ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) in the case of NGC 1672 by using James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) observations. Through advanced astrometry, unique counterparts were identified for four of the eight ULXs (ULX-1, ULX-4, ULX5, and ULX-8) located in NGC 1672, while multiple counterparts were identified for the remaining ULXs. The NIR observations show clues of warm dust or circumbinary disk around ULX-5 and ULX-8. In the case of ULX-5, optical SED is a well-fitted blackbody with 4300 K while NIR excess is well-fitted by a blackbody with a temperature of 1600 K. The optical-NIR photometric results show that the possible donor star of ULX-5 may be a K-M type RSG (red supergiant) whose optical emission is affected by the presence of a circumbinary disk or warm dust. Additionally, the counterpart of ULX-4 could be an AGN (active galactic nuclei) or star cluster due to its high K-band magnitude. Thanks to the good enough resolution of the JWST images, in past studies, most of the point-like and/or bright NIR counterparts of ULXs in distant galaxies observed appear to be likely blended sources, so most likely, many of them do not have the red color that an RSG could have. The significant improvement in sensitivity and resolution supplied by JWST will lead to a new perspective on the ambiguous nature of ULXs donors and environments necessitating a significant reassessment of earlier infrared studies of ULXs.
description: After revision, ACCEPTED for publication in MNRAS
Isotope selective photodissociation of N2 by the interstellar radiation field and cosmic rays
Creators: name: Heays, Alan N.
name: Visser, Ruud
name: Gredel, Roland
name: Ubachs, Wim
name: Lewis, Brenton R.
name: Gibson, Stephen T.
name: van Dishoeck, Ewine F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photodissociation of 14N2 and 14N15N occurs in interstellar clouds, circumstellar envelopes, protoplanetary discs, and other environments due to UV radiation from stellar sources and the presence of cosmic rays. This source of N atoms initiates the formation of complex N-bearing species and influences their isotopic composition. To study the photodissociation rates of 14N15N by UV continuum radiation and both isotopologues in a field of cosmic ray induced photons. To determine the effect of these on the isotopic composition of more complex molecules. High-resolution photodissociation cross sections of N2 are used from an accurate and comprehensive quantum- mechanical model of the molecule based on laboratory experiments. A similarly high-resolution spectrum of H2 emission following interactions with cosmic rays has been constructed. The spectroscopic data are used to calculate dissociation rates which are input into isotopically differentiated chemical models, describing an interstellar cloud and a protoplanetary disc. The dissociation rate of 14N15N in a Draine field assuming 30K excitation is 1.73x10-10s-1 and the rate due to cosmic rays assuming an H2 ionisation rate of 10-16s-1 is about 10-15s-1, with up to a factor of 10 difference between isotopologues. Shielding functions for 14N15N by 14N2, H2, and H are presented. Incorporating these into an interstellar cloud model, an enhancement of the atomic 15N/14N ratio is obtained due to the self-shielding of external radiation at an extinction of about 1.5 mag. This effect is larger where grain growth has reduced the opacity of dust to ultraviolet radiation. The transfer of photolytic isotopic fractionation N2 to other molecules is significant in a disc model, and is species dependent with 15N enhancement approaching a factor of 10 for HCN.
Analysis of Aggregated Functional Data from Mixed Populations with Application to Energy Consumption
Creators: name: Lenzi, Amanda
name: de Souza, Camila P. E.
name: Dias, Ronaldo
name: Garcia, Nancy
name: Heckman, Nancy E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Understanding the energy consumption patterns of different types of consumers is essential in any planning of energy distribution. However, obtaining consumption information for single individuals is often either not possible or too expensive. Therefore, we consider data from aggregations of energy use, that is, from sums of individuals' energy use, where each individual falls into one of C consumer classes. Unfortunately, the exact number of individuals of each class may be unknown: consumers do not always report the appropriate class, due to various factors including differential energy rates for different consumer classes. We develop a methodology to estimate the expected energy use of each class as a function of time and the true number of consumers in each class. We also provide some measure of uncertainty of the resulting estimates. To accomplish this, we assume that the expected consumption is a function of time that can be well approximated by a linear combination of B-splines. Individual consumer perturbations from this baseline are modeled as B-splines with random coefficients. We treat the reported numbers of consumers in each category as random variables with distribution depending on the true number of consumers in each class and on the probabilities of a consumer in one class reporting as another class. We obtain maximum likelihood estimates of all parameters via a maximization algorithm. We introduce a special numerical trick for calculating the maximum likelihood estimates of the true number of consumers in each class. We apply our method to a data set and study our method via simulation.
description: 31 pages, 9 figures and 5 tables
A Profile of the Rural Poor in the Coastal Plain of Northeastern South Carolina
Creators: name: McElveen, Jackson V.
name: Dillman, Buddy L.
name: McElveen, Jackson V.
name: Dillman, Buddy L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1971
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Household heads
subject: disabled
subject: elderly
subject: female
subject: male
subject: human resources
subject: income-deprivation
subject: poor
subject: poverty
subject: profile
subject: rural

description: This report presents a profile of poverty groups, based on characteristics of household heads, which could be useful in formulating and evaluating assistance programs for the poor. Rural households in the Coastal Plain of Northeastern South Carolina were grouped into five mutually exclusive categories determined by the age, disability, and sex of the household head: (1) Households with heads 65 years of age and older. (2) Households with disabled heads less than 65 years of age. (3) Households with able-bodied male heads 45-64 years of age. (4) Households with able-bodied male heads less than 45 years of age. (5) Households with able-bodied female heads less than 65 years of age. The resulting categories of the poor were examined for purposes of evaluating their needs and determining their potential for income improvement through self-help programs of public assistance. Half of the poor households, containing two-thirds of all income-deprived youth in the study area, were headed by able-bodied, working males. Assistance programs designed to lessen the impact of poverty among rural youth must be oriented to this target group. Most heads, particularly the younger ones, were willing to train, change jobs, and move from the area, if necessary, to get better pay. The remaining productive years of this group warrants public investment to improve their skills and other income producing resources.
Joint optimization of system hardening and restoration for resilience enhancement against cascading failures
Creators: name: Zhou, Jian
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2020

description: This dissertation presents a framework that determines the optimal integrated system hardening and system restoration strategies. The objective is to improve system resilience while minimizing total cost including investment cost and system damage cost in the event of system failure propagation. The successful functioning of modern society is increasingly dependent upon various crucial infrastructure systems, such as power grids and communication systems, which all comprise a large collection of interconnected sub-systems. The reliability and resilience of these network systems becomes a matter of great concern due to the inevitable occurrence of system failures and their probable disastrous aftereffects. Although it is uncommon for many applications, there are still many examples of massive cascading failures in various real-world network systems. In this research, the mechanism of cascading failures in network systems is investigated, taking into account practical network load dynamics as well as multiple dependencies between and inside systems. A new resilience metric which can be used to evaluate system resiliency loss caused by system disruptions is proposed. Then focusing on electricity system, the influence of cascading failures in power generation and transmission system is extended to local power distribution systems to analyze the resilience of the entire electrical power system. System hardening strategies and system restoration strategies are jointly optimized with the consideration of the existing interaction between each other. The effects of installing distributed energy resources to end users in electricity system, for instance solar array and battery storage, as a type of system hardening measure to improve electric power system resilience are investigated. The effectiveness of restoration strategies with different restoration prioritizations on reducing the influence of cascading failures on resilience is explored. Finally, an approach to relate the improved system resilience to the reduction in economic losses is developed. Optimization methods are proposed to achieve a balance between the investment of resilience enhancement driven actions, such as system hardening planning and restoration decisions, and system damage cost, for example, unsatisfied customer demand cost. As a result, system resilience targets are better integrated into the investment of resilience enhancement measures. The proposed methodology can be utilized as a decision-making tool for future resilient network systems, for example, electric power system, design and restoration. Together, this research is useful to mitigate and rescue the system from the next cascading failures with the application of effectively integrated system hardening and restoration strategies for resilience enhancement with minimized total cost.
A Magnified View of the Kinematics and Morphology of RCSGA 032727-132609: Zooming in on a Merger at z=1.7
Creators: name: Wuyts, Eva
name: Rigby, Jane R.
name: Gladders, Michael D.
name: Sharon, Keren
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed analysis of multi-wavelength HST/WFC3 imaging and Keck/OSIRIS near-IR AO-assisted integral field spectroscopy for a highly magnified lensed galaxy at z=1.70. This young starburst is representative of UV-selected star-forming galaxies (SFG) at z~2 and contains multiple individual star-forming regions. Due to the lensing magnification, we can resolve spatial scales down to 100pc in the source plane of the galaxy. The velocity field shows disturbed kinematics suggestive of an ongoing interaction, and there is a clear signature of a tidal tail. We constrain the age, reddening, SFR and stellar mass of the star-forming clumps from SED modelling of the WFC3 photometry and measure their H-alpha luminosity, metallicity and outflow properties from the OSIRIS data. With strong star formation driven outflows in four clumps, RCSGA0327 is the first high redshift SFG at stellar mass <10^10 M_sun with spatially resolved stellar winds. We compare the H-alpha luminosities, sizes and dispersions of the star-forming regions to other high-z clumps as well as local giant HII regions and find no evidence for increased clump star formation surface densities in interacting systems, unlike in the local Universe. Spatially resolved SED modelling unveils an established stellar population at the location of the largest clump and a second mass concentration near the edge of the system which is not detected in H-alpha emission. This suggests a picture of an equal-mass mixed major merger, which has not triggered a new burst of star formation or caused a tidal tail in the gas-poor component.
description: 22 pages, 16 figures, accepted to ApJ
Maximin and maximin-efficient event-related fMRI designs under a nonlinear model
Creators: name: Kao, Ming-Hung
name: Majumdar, Dibyen
name: Mandal, Abhyuday
name: Stufken, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Previous studies on event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging experimental designs are primarily based on linear models, in which a known shape of the hemodynamic response function (HRF) is assumed. However, the HRF shape is usually uncertain at the design stage. To address this issue, we consider a nonlinear model to accommodate a wide spectrum of feasible HRF shapes, and propose efficient approaches for obtaining maximin and maximin-efficient designs. Our approaches involve a reduction in the parameter space and a search algorithm that helps to efficiently search over a restricted class of designs for good designs. The obtained designs are compared with traditional designs widely used in practice. We also demonstrate the usefulness of our approaches via a motivating example.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/13-AOAS658 the Annals of Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Using cultured canine cardiac slices to model the autophagic flux with doxorubicin
Creators: name: Yang, Vicky
name: Chen, Howard
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: cell viability
apoptosis

description: Chemotherapy-induced impairment of autophagy is implicated in cardiac toxicity induced by anti-cancer drugs. Imperfect translation from rodent models and lack of in vitro models of toxicity has limited investigation of autophagic flux dysregulation, preventing design of novel cardioprotective strategies based on autophagy control. Development of an adult heart tissue culture technique from a translational model will improve investigation of cardiac toxicity. We aimed to optimize a canine cardiac slice culture system for exploration of cancer therapy impact on intact cardiac tissue, creating a translatable model that maintains autophagy in culture and is amenable to autophagy modulation. Canine cardiac tissue slices (350 μm) were generated from left ventricular free wall collected from euthanized client-owned dogs (n=7) free of cardiovascular disease at the Foster Hospital for Small Animals at Tufts University. Cell viability and apoptosis were quantified with MTT assay and TUNEL staining. Cardiac slices were challenged with doxorubicin and an autophagy activator (rapamycin) or inhibitor (chloroquine). Autophagic flux components (LC3, p62) were quantified by western blot. Cardiac slices retained high cell viability for >7 days in culture and basal levels of autophagic markers remained unchanged. Doxorubicin treatment resulted in perturbation of the autophagic flux and cell death, while rapamycin co-treatment restored normal autophagic flux and maintained cell survival. We developed an adult canine cardiac slice culture system appropriate for studying the effects of autophagic flux that may be applicable to drug toxicity evaluations.
description: Funding provided by: National Institutes of Health
Crossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000002
Award Number:
description: Cell viability was performed with MTT analysis. Cell apoptosis was analyzed with TUNEL staining.
OpenMask3D: Open-Vocabulary 3D Instance Segmentation
Creators: name: Takmaz, Ayça
name: Fedele, Elisabetta
name: Sumner, Robert W.
name: Pollefeys, Marc
name: Tombari, Federico
name: Engelmann, Francis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce the task of open-vocabulary 3D instance segmentation. Current approaches for 3D instance segmentation can typically only recognize object categories from a pre-defined closed set of classes that are annotated in the training datasets. This results in important limitations for real-world applications where one might need to perform tasks guided by novel, open-vocabulary queries related to a wide variety of objects. Recently, open-vocabulary 3D scene understanding methods have emerged to address this problem by learning queryable features for each point in the scene. While such a representation can be directly employed to perform semantic segmentation, existing methods cannot separate multiple object instances. In this work, we address this limitation, and propose OpenMask3D, which is a zero-shot approach for open-vocabulary 3D instance segmentation. Guided by predicted class-agnostic 3D instance masks, our model aggregates per-mask features via multi-view fusion of CLIP-based image embeddings. Experiments and ablation studies on ScanNet200 and Replica show that OpenMask3D outperforms other open-vocabulary methods, especially on the long-tail distribution. Qualitative experiments further showcase OpenMask3D's ability to segment object properties based on free-form queries describing geometry, affordances, and materials.
description: NeurIPS 2023. Project page: https://openmask3d.github.io/
Intersectionality and Testimonial Injustice in Medical Records
Creators: name: Andrews, Kenya S.
name: Shah, Bhuvani
name: Cheng, Lu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Detecting testimonial injustice is an essential element of addressing inequities and promoting inclusive healthcare practices, many of which are life-critical. However, using a single demographic factor to detect testimonial injustice does not fully encompass the nuanced identities that contribute to a patient's experience. Further, some injustices may only be evident when examining the nuances that arise through the lens of intersectionality. Ignoring such injustices can result in poor quality of care or life-endangering events. Thus, considering intersectionality could result in more accurate classifications and just decisions. To illustrate this, we use real-world medical data to determine whether medical records exhibit words that could lead to testimonial injustice, employ fairness metrics (e.g. demographic parity, differential intersectional fairness, and subgroup fairness) to assess the severity to which subgroups are experiencing testimonial injustice, and analyze how the intersectionality of demographic features (e.g. gender and race) make a difference in uncovering testimonial injustice. From our analysis, we found that with intersectionality we can better see disparities in how subgroups are treated and there are differences in how someone is treated based on the intersection of their demographic attributes. This has not been previously studied in clinical records, nor has it been proven through empirical study.
Selected Characteristics of Open Country Mobile Home Residents: East North Central States, 1967
Creators: name: Mikesell, James J.
name: Mikesell, James J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1971
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Housing
subject: rural housing
subject: rural nonfarm people

description: A sample of mobile home residents in the East North Central States showed that mobile homes provided housing for a segment of the population which was not typical of the region. The mobile home household heads were younger--34 years or younger--more than twice as often. Families living in mobile homes were smaller than other families in the sample area. Mobile home residents generally had less college education. Mobile home households did have lower levels of income. Compared with a national sample of recent mobile home purchasers, such households in this area were found to have fewer young couples without children and more residents of retirement age.
Spin liquid versus dimer phases in an anisotropic J1-J2 frustrated square antiferromagnet
Creators: name: Metavitsiadis, Alexandros
name: Sellmann, Daniel
name: Eggert, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spin-1/2 J1-J2 antiferromagnet is a prototypical model for frustrated magnetism and one possible candidate for a realization of a spin liquid phase. The generalization of this system on the anisotropic square lattice is given by the J1-J2-J1'-J2' Heisenberg model, which can be treated by a renormalization group (RG) analysis of coupled frustrated chains. The J1-J2-J1'-J2'-model shows an interesting interplay of Néel order, dimerization, and spin liquid behavior. The analytical findings supported by numerical results indicate that for the isotropic model the phase at intermediate coupling strength 0.4 J1 < J2 < 0.6 J1 is not a spin liquid, but has instead a spontaneously staggered dimer order.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, updated references. For more information and the final version see http://www.physik.uni-kl.de/eggert/papers/index.html
Tarumania Pinna, Zuanon, Py-Daniel & Petry, 2018, GEN. NOV.
Creators: name: Pinna, Mário De
name: Zuanon, Jansen
name: Py-Daniel, Lucia Rapp
name: Petry, Paulo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Characiformes
Tarumaniidae
Tarumania

description: TARUMANIA GEN. NOV.
Type species: Tarumania walkerae sp. nov.
Diagnosis: As for the family.
Etymology: From the river Tarumã-Mirim, tributary of the lower Rio Negro, first known locality of the new taxon. A noun in nominative singular. Gender feminine.
description: Published as part of Pinna, Mário De, Zuanon, Jansen, Py-Daniel, Lucia Rapp & Petry, Paulo, 2018, A new family of neotropical freshwater fishes from deep fossorial Amazonian habitat, with a reappraisal of morphological characiform phylogeny (Teleostei: Ostariophysi), pp. 76-106 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 182 on page 82
Possibilistic Information Flow Control for Workflow Management Systems
Creators: name: Bauereiss, Thomas
name: Hutter, Dieter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In workflows and business processes, there are often security requirements on both the data, i.e. confidentiality and integrity, and the process, e.g. separation of duty. Graphical notations exist for specifying both workflows and associated security requirements. We present an approach for formally verifying that a workflow satisfies such security requirements. For this purpose, we define the semantics of a workflow as a state-event system and formalise security properties in a trace-based way, i.e. on an abstract level without depending on details of enforcement mechanisms such as Role-Based Access Control (RBAC). This formal model then allows us to build upon well-known verification techniques for information flow control. We describe how a compositional verification methodology for possibilistic information flow can be adapted to verify that a specification of a distributed workflow management system satisfies security requirements on both data and processes.
description: In Proceedings GraMSec 2014, arXiv:1404.1634
Rural Poor Who Could Benefit from Job Retraining in the East North Central States
Creators: name: Konyha, Marvin E.
name: Konyha, Marvin E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1971
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Rural poverty
subject: rural families
subject: occupational mobility
subject: job retraining
subject: East North Central Region
subject: vocational training

description: Low-income status was the lot of 26 percent of open-country residents over 15 years of age in the East North Central States, a 1967 sample survey showed. Many were unprepared to compete in today's labor market. Of those with low income, 37 percent had no economic potential because of age (over 65) or disability, and needed some form of income maintenance to alleviate poverty. Of those considered to have economic potential, 20 percent could expect to escape poverty through job retraining. If two or more members of a consumer unit (an individual or a family) were retrained, as many as 25 percent of the consumer units might escape poverty. Fewer than half of those potentially able to escape poverty were interested in retraining, which challenges retraining program administrators to develop innovative training delivery systems. Very few respondents had potential for becoming successful farmers.
Reproducing properties of MW dSphs as descendants of DM-free TDGs
Creators: name: Yang, Yanbin
name: Hammer, Francois
name: Fouquet, Sylvain
name: Flores, Hector
name: Puech, Mathieu
name: Pawlowski, Marcel S.
name: Kroupa, Pavel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Milky Way (MW) dwarf spheroidal (dSph) satellites are known to be the most dark-matter (DM) dominated galaxies with estimates of dark to baryonic matter reaching even above one hundred. It comes from the assumption that dwarfs are dynamically supported by their observed velocity dispersions. However their spatial distributions around the MW is not at random and this could challenge their origin, previously assumed to be residues of primordial galaxies accreted by the MW potential. Here we show that alternatively, dSphs could be the residue of tidal dwarf galaxies (TDGs), which would have interacted with the Galactic hot gaseous halo and disk. TDGs are gas-rich and have been formed in a tidal tail produced during an ancient merger event at the M31 location, and expelled towards the MW. Our simulations show that low-mass TDGs are fragile to an interaction with the MW disk and halo hot gas. During the interaction, their stellar content is progressively driven out of equilibrium and strongly expands, leading to low surface brightness feature and mimicking high dynamical M/L ratios. Our modeling can reproduce the properties, including the kinematics, of classical MW dwarfs within the mass range of the Magellanic Clouds to Draco. An ancient gas-rich merger at the M31 location could then challenge the currently assumed high content of dark matter in dwarf galaxies. We propose a simple observational test with the coming GAIA mission, to follow their expected stellar expansion, which should not be observed within the current theoretical framework.
description: 17 pages, 11 figures, accepted by the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (MNRAS)
Perfectly Matched Layers versus discrete transparent boundary conditions in quantum device simulations
Creators: name: Mennemann, Jan-Frederik
name: Jüngel, Ansgar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Discrete transparent boundary conditions (DTBC) and the Perfectly Matched Layers (PML) method for the realization of open boundary conditions in quantum device simulations are compared, based on the stationary and time-dependent Schrödinger equation. The comparison includes scattering state, wave packet, and transient scattering state simulations in one and two space dimensions. The Schrödinger equation is discretized by a second-order Crank-Nicolson method in case of DTBC. For the discretization with PML, symmetric second-, fourth, and sixth-order spatial approximations as well as Crank-Nicolson and classical Runge-Kutta time-integration methods are employed. In two space dimensions, a ring-shaped quantum waveguide device is simulated in the stationary and transient regime. As an application, a simulation of the Aharonov-Bohm effect in this device is performed, showing the excitation of bound states localized in the ring region. The numerical experiments show that the results obtained from PML are comparable to those obtained using DTBC, while keeping the high numerical efficiency and flexibility as well as the ease of implementation of the former method.
Development of the front-end electronics for a cost-effective PET-like detector system
Creators: name: Oppotsch, Josephine
name: Böhle, Nadia
name: Held, Thomas
name: Fink, Mario
name: Fritsch, Miriam
name: Heinsius, Fritz-Herbert
name: Steinke, Matthias
name: Wiedner, Ulrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most detector systems used for positron emission particle tracking (PEPT) are very expensive due to the use of inorganic plastic scintillators combined with a high number of readout electronic channels. This work aims to reduce the overall cost of a PEPT-capable detector system by using large and cost-effective plastic scintillators and developing custom 2 x 2 silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) arrays, preamplifiers, and discriminators. The use of long (20 mm x 20 mm x 1000 mm) plastic scintillator bars read out with photodetectors only at their respective ends allows an overall smaller number of photodetectors and associated readout electronics, which in turn reduces the overall cost of the system. In addition, the development of a custom SiPM array and preamplifier allows a free selection of interconnection and readout, as most commercial producers only offer specific types of interconnections and therefore lack other connections such as serial or hybrid. Thus, several common circuit types for SiPMs and preamplifiers were tested and compared in this work, and it was found that a serial connection implemented in a hybrid interconnection for the SiPMs and an inverting preamplifier based on a high-frequency operational amplifier provided the best results for the proposed detector system. Measured with a Na-22 source, the combination of SiPM array and preamplifier led to a rise time of 3.7 ns and a signal amplitude of 175 mV.
description: Published in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 1057 (2023) 168767. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license
Elastomeric 2D Grating and Hemispherical Optofluidic Chamber for Multifunctional Fluidic Sensing
Creators: name: Xu, Zhida
name: Liu, Logan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We present an optofluidic sensor based on an elastomeric two-dimensional (2D) grating integrated inside a hemispherical fluid chamber. Laser beam is diffracted before (reflection) and after (transmission) going through the grating and liquid in the dome chamber. The sensing mechanism is investigated and simulated with a finite difference time domain (FDTD) based electromagnetic (EM) method. For experiment, by analyzing the size, power and shape of the 2D diffraction patterns, we can retrieve multiple parameters of the liquid including the refractive index, pressure and opacity with high sensitivity. We demonstrate that glucose concentration can be monitored when mixed in different concentrated phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution. The free-solution binding of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and anti-BSA IgG is detected with this optical sensor. This low-cost, multifunctional and reliable optofluidic sensor has the potential to be used as monitor of biofluid such as blood in hemodialysis.