Ophrys L. 1753
Creators: name: D. M. Moore (Ed.)
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1980
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Liliopsida
Asparagales
Orchidaceae
Ophrys

description: 30.Ophrys L.1 Tubers 2(-3), globose or ovoid, entire. Leaves usually in a basal rosette, sometimes also present on stem. Perianth-segments more or less patent, unequal; outer oblong or ovate, obtuse; inner lateral smaller, often hairy. Labellum entire to 3-lobed, often convex and gibbous, sometimes with an apical appendage which is often deflexed, glabrous or velutinous, variably marked, with usually glabrous central area (speculum); spur absent. Rostellum minute. Viscidia in 2 simple bursicles. Many species of Ophrys can cross to produce hybrids, which are often fertile, and most interspecific combinations have been reported, although generally not as often as might be expected from the frequency with which 2 or more species occur sym- patrically. This has been attributed to the high fidelity to particu­ lar Ophrys species of the pollinating bees and wasps. Neverthe­ less, certain species, especially 1 -6 and 15-20, seem to hybridize more than others and there is clear evidence that some crosses (3x4, 6x9, 15 x 16) can give rise to fertile hybrid swarms and even stabilized hybrid segregates, sometimes involving intro- gression, which are eco-geographically and reproductively differentiated from their parents. Literature: H. Baumann, Orchidee 26: 132-140, 222-230 (1975). O. &amp; E. Danesch, Ophrys -Hybriden. Bern. 1972. O. &amp; E. Danesch, F. &amp; K. Ehrendorfer, PI. Syst. Evol. 124: 79- 123 (1975). P. Gölz &amp; H. Reinard, Ber. Schweiz. Bot. Ges. 85: 31-56 (1975). E. Nelson, Gestaltwandel und Artbildung, erötert am Beispiel der Orchidaceen Europas und der Mittelmeerländer mit einer Monographie und Ikonographie der Gattung Ophrys. Chernex-Montreux. 1962. R. von Soö, Acta Bot. Acad. Sei. Hung. 5:437-471 (1959); 16: 373-392 (1970); 18: 379-384 (1973). H. Sundermann, Jahresb. Naturw. Ver. Wuppertal 19: 9-17, 63- 70 (1964). W. Vöth &amp; F. Ehrendorfer, PI. Syst. Evol. 124: 279-290 (1976). 1 Anther-connective obtuse 2 Inner perianth-segments white, yellowish or green 3 Labellum with flat margin, and a yellow, glabrous or hairy marginal zone 3.lutea 3 Labellum with ± deflexed margin, and a velutinous, some­ times yellow, marginal zone 4 Inner perianth-segments green; labellum 13-23 mm 4.fusca 4 Inner perianth-segments white to pale green; labellum 7-9 mm 5.pallida 2 Inner perianth-segments purplish or blackish-violet, at least at base 5 Labellum deeply 3-lobed, the lateral lobes gibbous and deflexed so that the labellum appears globose-inflated 20.bombyliflora 5 Labellum entire to deeply 3-lobed, the lateral lobes not gibbous or deflexed 6 Outer perianth-segments purplish; labellum entire, rarely slightly 3-lobed 18.tenthredinifera 6 Outer perianth-segments green or yellowish; labellum distinctly 3-lobed 7 Inner perianth-segments linear, velutinous; middle lobe of labellum deeply emarginate or 2-lobed; speculum small, pale bluish-violet 1.insectifera 7 Inner perianth-segments ovate to lanceolate, hairy; middle lobe of labellum entire or slightly emarginate; speculum large, blue, with yellow margin 2.speculum 1 Anther-connective acute or acuminate 8 Lateral lobes of labellum with basal protuberances; specu­ lum usually with a whitish or yellowish margin 9 Outer perianth-segments green 10 Labellum entire 11 Speculum without a coloured margin; inner perianth- segments at least 1 /2as long as the outer 6.sphegodes 11 Speculum with a whitish, yellowish or greenish margin; inner perianth-segments 3—5- as long as the outer 16.fuciflora 10 Labellum 3-lobed 12 Lateral lobes of labellum glabrous 13 Speculum without a marginal zone; labellum 5-15(-17) mm 6.sphegodes 13 Speculum with a white marginal zone; labellum 10—13 (-15) mm 7.spruneri 12 Lateral lobes of labellum hairy 14 Labellum blackish-purple; speculum H-shaped, scutelliform or of small spots, white or bluish, with white margin 13.cretica 14 Labellum brown; speculum scutelliform, blue or dark brownish-violet, with yellow margin 14.carmeli 1 By R. de Soö. 9 Outer perianth-segments pink or purplish 15 Inner perianth-segments f as long as the outer; speculum crescentic, without a coloured margin 10.lunulata 15 Inner perianth-segments usually up to 1 /2 as long as the outer; speculum not crescentic, with a whitish or yellowish margin 16 Labellum entire or subentire 17 Basal protuberances of the labellum up to 3 mm; appendage of the labellum large, 3-dentate 16.fuciflora 17 Basal protuberances of the labellum short, inconspic­ uous; appendage of the labellum small 17.arachnitiformis 16 Labellum 3-lobed 18 Outer perianth-segments (8-) 10-15 mm; appendage of labellum long or absent; margin of speculum yellow 19.apifera 18 Outer perianth-segments 8-10(-12)mm; appendage of labellum short 19 Inner perianth-segments i as long as the outer; margin of speculum white 13.cretica 19 Inner perianth-segments y-j as long as the outer; margin of speculum whitish or yellow 15.scolopax 8 Lateral lobes of labellum without basal protuberances; speculum with or without a coloured margin 20 Labellum entire 21 Outer perianth-segments green 22 Speculum with whitish, greenish or yellow margin 16.fuciflora 22 Speculum without a coloured margin 23 Labellum 5-15(-17)mm, without appendage; specu­ lum usually H-shaped 6.sphegodes 23 Labellum 10-12 mm, with appendage; speculum horseshoe-shaped, scutelliform or of 2 parallel lines 8.ferrum-equinum 21 Outer perianth-segments pinkish or purplish 24 Speculum without coloured margin 25 Speculum horseshoe-shaped, scutelliform or of 2 parallel lines; labellum not curved upwards anteriorly 8.ferrum-equinum 25 Speculum usually scutelliform; labellum ±curved up­ wards anteriorly 9.bertolonii 24 Speculum with whitish, greenish or yellow margin 26 Inner perianth-segments at least $ as long as the outer; labellum suborbicular to ovate 11.argolica 26 Inner perianth-segments -j—j as long as the outer; labellum ovate to transversely elliptical 16.fuciflora 20 Labellum 3-lobed 27 Inner perianth-segments at least f as long as the outer; speculum crescentic 10.lunulata 27 Inner perianth-segments c. %as long as the outer; specu­ lum not crescentic 28 Inner perianth-segments glabrous or papillose 29 Speculum with white margin 7.spruneri 29 Speculum without white margin 30 Basal leaves obtuse; inner perianth-segments greenish or brownish-red; labellum usually without an appendage 6.sphegodes 30 Basal leaves acute; inner perianth-segments purple or pink; labellum with an appendage 8.feirum-equinum 28 Inner perianth-segments hairy 31 Speculum of 2 thick, comma-shaped lines and 2 spots 12.reinholdii 31 Speculum H-shaped (the cross-line sometimes absent), scutelliform or of 1 line or spot 32 Outer perianth-segments purple or lilac; speculum with white margin 11.argolica 32 Outer perianth-segments green or greenish-purple 33 Speculum without white margin 6.sphegodes 33 Speculum with white margin 7.spruneri1
description: Published as part of <i>D. M. Moore (ed.), 1980, CCIII Orchidaceae, pp. 325-350 in Flora Europaea, Vol 5: Alismataceae to Orchidaceae, Camebridge :Cambridge University Press</i> on pages 344-345, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.215522