cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The redshift distribution of absorption-line systems in QSO spectra
Creators: name: Ryabinkov, A. I.
name: Kaminker, A. D.
name: Varshalovich, D. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A statistical analysis of the space-time distribution of absorption-line systems (ALSs) observed in QSO spectra within the cosmological redshift interval $z$=0.0--3.7 is carried out on the base of our catalog of absorption systems (Ryabinkov et al. 2003). We confirm our previous conclusion that the $z$-distribution of absorbing matter contains non-uniform component displaying a pattern of statistically significant alternating maxima (peaks) and minima (dips). Using the wavelet transformation we determine the positions of the maxima and minima and estimate their statistical significance. The positions of the maxima and minima of the $z$-distributions obtained for different celestial hemispheres turn out to be weakly sensitive to orientations of the hemispheres. The data reveal a regularity (quasi-periodicity) of the sequence of the peaks and dips with respect to some rescaling functions of $z$. The same periodicity was found for the one-dimensional correlation function calculated for the sample of the ALSs under investigation. We assume the existence of a regular structure in the distribution of absorption matter, which is not only spatial but also temporal in nature with characteristic time varying within the interval 150--650 Myr for the cosmological model applied.
description: 28 pages, 10 figures, accepted by MNRAS
Lexical elicitation
Creators: name: Agodio, Olivier
name: Azie, Boris
name: Sande, Hannah Leigh
name: De Gnamagnoa, Frank
name: De Gnamagnoa, Laureine
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: dic
subject: Guébie language

description: 2000-word list based on the SIL African Wordlist (file attached) collected between May and June 2015 with the Agodio family in Gnagbodgougnoa
Treating Neurodegenerative Disorders
Creators: name: Gu, Katie
Publisher: name: Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal
Year: 2018

description: The following paper reviews current literature on disease etiology, pathophysiology, and therapeutic options of neurodegenerative disorder (NDs). We first discuss current directions of disease management and treatment, and highlight technical hindrances of current gene therapy-based treatments as well as significant ethical, regulatory, and efficacy-based concerns present in current stem cell treatment options for Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and Huntington’s Disease. We then suggest a narrower focus for future research on identifying molecular, pathological, and biomarker-based disease progression that can in turn inform the development of novel approaches in developing ND therapies.
description: Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal, Vol 12 (2018): Spring 2018
The Doctrine of a Critical Edition of the Band Music of Amilcare Ponchielli
Creators: name: Sirch, Licia
name: Howey, Henry
Publisher: name: Pavia University Press - Edizioni dell'Università degli Studi di Pavia
Year: 2005

description: The Doctrine of        a Critical Edition of the Band Music of Amilcare Ponchielli
description: Philomusica on-line, Vol 4, N° 2 (2005): Quarto seminario di Filologia musicale. Esperienze di lavoro
A Great Desire: Autobiography in Louise Talma’s Three Madrigals
Creators: name: Leonard, Kendra Preston
Publisher: name: Current Musicology
Year: 2011

description: American composer Louise Talma’s compositions are highly autobiographical, concerning, among other subjects, her conversion to Catholicism (Hound of Heaven , 1938), her frustration with teaching and the limited career choices available to women of her day (The Alcestiad, 1961), milestone events in her life and in those of her friends (Ave Atque Vale, 1989), and her reaction to the Vietnam War (Voices of Peace, 1973). In this article I examine ways in which Talma’s very early secular vocal works likely refer to another aspect of her life, namely, her love and desire for an erotic relationship with Nadia Boulanger. To that end, I read the music and text of Talma’s Three Madrigals(1929, texts by Sir Thomas Wyatt), and, lacking scores, the texts of her songs “La Belle Dame Sans Merci” (1929, John Keats), “Late Leaves” (1934, Walter Savage Landor), and “Never Seek to Tell Thy Love” (1934, William Blake), as a non-traditional form of autobiography, or what Caren Kaplan calls an “out-law genre” (Kaplan 1992:122). Little research has been published on Talma to date. The bulk of her scores and papers are held by the Library of Congress in the Louise Talma Collection, which contains recently processed materials including manuscripts, printed scores, correspondence, and reviews. Yale University’s Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library holds in both its Thornton Wilder Collection and its Louise Talma Collection materials relating to Talma and Wilder’s collaboration on their opera The Alcestiad. While a great deal has been written about Boulanger, very little of that deals directly with her relationship with Talma. However, with the materials from the Library of Congress now available, if not completely catalogued, it is possible to study this relationship in more depth. Talma’s extant letters to and from Boulanger begin in 1929, but their frequent referencing of past events, meetings, and conversations also provides insight into the women’s earlier interactions.
description: Current Musicology, No 92 (2011): Current Musicology
CH Cyg X-ray Jet Activity and Multi-component Structures
Creators: name: Karovska, M.
name: Carilli, C. L.
name: Raymond, J. C.
name: Mattei, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we report detection of multiple component structures in a Chandra X-ray image obtained in March 2001 of the nearby symbiotic interacting binary system CH Cyg. These components include a compact central source, an arc-like structure or a loop extending to 1.5'' (400 AU) from the central source associated with the 1997 jet activity, and possibly a newly formed jet extending to about 150 AU from the central source. The structures are also visible in VLA and HST images obtained close in time to the Chandra observations. The emission from the loop is consistent with optically thin thermal X-ray emission originating from a shock resulting from interaction of the jet ejecta with the dense circumbinary material. The emission from the central source originates within less then 50 AU region, and is likely associated with the accretion disk around the white dwarf. CH Cyg is only the second symbiotic system with jet activity detected at X-ray wavelengths, and the Chandra high-angular resolution image, combined with the VLA and HST images, provides the closest view of the region of jet formation and interaction with the circumbinary material in a symbiotic binary.
description: 19 pages, 6 figures, to appear in The Astriphysical Journal, June 2007 issue
Gnypeta lohsei Klimaszewski & Savard & Pelletier & Webster 2008, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Klimaszewski, Jan
name: Savard, Karine
name: Pelletier, Georges
name: Webster, Reginald
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Gnypeta
Gnypeta lohsei

description: 9. Gnypeta lohsei Klimaszewski sp. nov. (CANADA: Alberta, British Columbia; UNITED STATES: Alaska, Washington).
description: Published as part of Klimaszewski, Jan, Savard, Karine, Pelletier, Georges & Webster, Reginald, 2008, Species review of the genus Gnypeta Thomson from Canada, Alaska and Greenland (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae): systematics, bionomics and distribution, pp. 11-84 in ZooKeys 2 (2) on page 24, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/576410
Spin and cyclotron energies of electrons in GaAs/Ga$_{1-x}$Al$_x$As quantum wells
Creators: name: Pfeffer, P.
name: Zawadzki, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A five-level {\Pp} model of the band structure for GaAs-type semiconductors is used to describe the spin $g^*$-factor and the cyclotron mass $m^*_c$ of conduction electrons in GaAs/Ga$_{1-x}$Al$_x$As quantum wells in an external magnetic field parallel to the growth direction. It is demonstrated that the previous theory of the $g^*$-factor in heterostructures is inadequate. Our approach is based on an iteration procedure of solving 14 coupled differential {\Pp} equations. The applicability of the iteration procedure is verified. The final eigenenergy problem for the conduction subbands is reduced to two differential equations for the spin-up and spin-down states of consecutive Landau levels. It is shown that the bulk inversion asymmetry of III-V compounds is of importance for the spin $g^*$-factor. Our theory with no adjustable parameters gives an excellent description of experimental data on the electron spin $g^*$-factor in GaAs/Ga$_{0.67}$Al$_{0.33}$As rectangular quantum wells for different well widths between 3 and 12 nm. The same theory describes very well experimental cyclotron masses in GaAs/Ga$_{0.74}$Al$_{0.26}$As quantum wells for the well widths between 6 and 37 nm.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures, to be published in PRB
Additional file 4 of Multiomics global landscape of stemness-related gene clusters in adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells
Creators: name: Lu, Guan-Ming
name: Rong, Yong-Xian
name: Liang, Zhi-Jie
name: Hunag, Dong-Lin
name: Ma, Yan-Fei
name: Luo, Zhi-Zhai
name: Wu, Fang-Xiao
name: Liu, Xin-Heng
name: Liu, Yu
name: Mo, Steven
name: Qi, Zhong-Quan
name: Li, Hong-Mian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 4 : Table S4. KEGG pathways enriched in AD-MSCs. AD-MSCs: adipose-derived mesenchymal cells.
Evidence for chromatic X-ray light-curve breaks in Swift GRB afterglows and their theoretical implications
Creators: name: Panaitescu, A.
name: Meszaros, P.
name: Burrows, D.
name: Nousek, J.
name: Gehrels, N.
name: O'Brien, P.
name: Willingale, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The power-law decay of the X-ray emission of GRB afterglows 050319, 050401, 050607, 050713A, 050802 and 050922C exhibits a steepening at about 1--4 hours after the burst which, surprisingly, is not accompanied by a break in the optical emission. If it is assumed that both the optical and X-ray afterglows arise from the same outflow then, in the framework of the standard forward shock model, the chromaticity of the X-ray light-curve breaks indicates that they do not arise solely from a mechanism related to the outflow dynamics (e.g. energy injection) or the angular distribution of the blast-wave kinetic energy (structured outflows or jets). The lack of a spectral evolution accompanying the X-ray light-curve breaks shows that these breaks do not arise from the passage of a spectral break (e.g. the cooling frequency) either. Under these circumstances, the decoupling of the X-ray and optical decays requires that the microphysical parameters for the electron and magnetic energies in the forward shock evolve in time, whether the X-ray afterglow is synchrotron or inverse-Compton emission. For a steady evolution of these parameters with the Lorentz factor of the forward shock and an X-ray light-curve break arising from cessation of energy injection into the blast-wave, the optical and X-ray properties of the above six Swift afterglows require a circumburst medium with a r^{-2} radial stratification, as expected for a massive star origin for long GRBs. Alternatively, the chromatic X-ray light-curve breaks may indicate that the optical and X-ray emissions arise from different outflows. Neither feature (evolution of microphysical parameters or the different origin of the optical and X-ray emissions) were clearly required by pre-Swift afterglows.
description: 6 pages, sumbitted to MNRAS
Graphite Based Semi-Conductive 3D Printing Filament
Creators: name: Mann, Matthew
Publisher: name: Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal
Year: 2019

description: In this experiment, we create and evaluate graphite-based 3D printing composite filament in hopes of determining its effectiveness as a conductive or semiconductive 3D printing material. With 3D printable materials becoming more relevant in materials construction, the development of a 3D printable transistor would be an invaluable invention. Our results are from experiments we ran in our 3D printing lab with custom-made filaments using graphite powder in addition to the standard (non-conductive) PLA. These results show that is indeed possible to create graphite infused filament with conductive properties. Carbon is also a potential substitute for a semiconductor when in its single-layered graphene form. However, the attributes of the filament might not make a suitable replacement for conductive filament. These results show that graphite might have a place in a 3D printable transistors for the future.
description: Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal, Vol 13 (2019): Spring 2019
A one-dimensional flow model enhanced by machine learning for simulation of vocal fold vibration
Creators: name: Li, Zheng
name: Chen, Ye
name: Chang, Siyuan
name: Rousseau, Bernard
name: Luo, Haoxiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a one-dimensional (1D) unsteady and viscous flow model that is derived from the momentum and mass conservation equations, and to enhance this physics-based model, we use a machine learning approach to determine the unknown modeling parameters. Specifically, we first construct an idealized larynx model and perform ten cases of three-dimensional (3D) fluid--structure interaction (FSI) simulations. The flow data are then extracted to train the 1D flow model using a sparse identification approach for nonlinear dynamical systems. As a result of training, we obtain the analytical expressions for the entrance effect and pressure loss in the glottis, which are then incorporated in the flow model to conveniently handle different glottal shapes due to vocal fold vibration. We apply the enhanced 1D flow model in the FSI simulation of both idealized vocal fold geometries and subject-specific anatomical geometries reconstructed from the MRI images of rabbits' larynges. The 1D flow model is evaluated in both of these setups and is shown to have robust performance. Therefore, it provides a fast simulation tool superior to the previous 1D models.
QORAQOLPOG'ISTON ERTA VA TAKRORIY MUDDATDA EKILGAN SHIRIN QALAMPIR NAVLARIDA MORFOBIOLOGIK ELEMENTLARNING PAYDO BO'LISHINI ANIQLASH.
Creators: name: Matiyakubov, X.
name: Sherimbetova, X.
name: Sherimova, Sh.X.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Sabzavotchilik nuqtayi nazaridan olib qaraganda har bitta sabzavotning dalada to’liq ko’karib chiqqandan keyin unda vegetativ va generativ organlarning paydo bo’lishi va murakkab sharoitda ularning to’liq shakllanishi ekindan mo’l va sifatli hosil olishda samarali natija beradi.  Albatta bunda navlarning unib chiqishi, barg chiqarishi, barg soni, sathi kattaligi, poya balandligi, ildiz uzunasi va qator morfobiologik ko’rsatkichalrini aniqladik.
Generalized measurement of the non-normal two-boson operator $Z_γ= a_1 + γa_2^†$
Creators: name: Paris, Matteo G A
name: Landolfi, Giulio
name: Soliani, Giulio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address the generalized measurement of the two-boson operator $Z_γ= a_1 + γa_2^†$ which, for $|γ|^2 \neq 1$, is not normal and cannot be detected by a joint measurement of quadratures on the two bosons. We explicitly construct the minimal Naimark extension, which involves a single additional bosonic system, and present its decomposition in terms of two-boson linear SU(2) interactions. The statistics of the measurement and the added noise are analyzed in details. Results are exploited to revisit the Caves-Shapiro concept of generalized phase observable based on heterodyne detection.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures, slightly revised version
Gnypeta crebrepunctata
Creators: name: Klimaszewski, Jan
name: Savard, Karine
name: Pelletier, Georges
name: Webster, Reginald
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Gnypeta
Gnypeta crebrepunctata

description: 10. Gnypeta crebrepunctata (Casey 1886: 203); Casey 1906: 194; Moore and Legner 1975: 421. (CANADA: British Columbia; UNITED STATES: California, Oregon). Gnypeta oblata Casey 1911: 168. As synonym of G. helenae: Moore and Legner 1975: 422. (UNITED STATES: California). New synonymy.
description: Published as part of Klimaszewski, Jan, Savard, Karine, Pelletier, Georges & Webster, Reginald, 2008, Species review of the genus Gnypeta Thomson from Canada, Alaska and Greenland (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae): systematics, bionomics and distribution, pp. 11-84 in ZooKeys 2 (2) on page 24, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/576410
description: {"references": ["Casey TL (1886) Descriptive notices of North American Coleoptera. Bulletin of the California Academy of Sciences 6: 157 - 264.", "Casey TL (1906) Observations on the staphylinid groups Aleocharinae and Xantholinini, chiefly of America. Transactions of the Academy of Sciences of St. Louis 16: 125 - 434.", "Moore I., Legner EF (1975) A catalogue of the Staphylinidae of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera). University of California Division of Agricultural Sciences. Special Publication No. 3015: 1 - 514.", "Casey TL (1911) New American species of Aleocharinae and Myllaeninae. Memoirs on the Coleoptera 2. New Era Printing Co., Lancaster, Pennsylvania."]}
Changes in NR2B-NMDA Receptor Expression Relate to Individual Differences in Adaptability to Food Restriction-Stress
Creators: name: Mendonca, Danielle
name: Aoki, Chiye
name: Varela, Katherine
name: Chen, Yi-Wen
Publisher: name: Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal
Year: 2018

description: The eating disorder Anorexia Nervosa has an extremely high mortality rate of 5.9% (Arcelus et al. 2011) and a poorly understood neurobiology. Research indicates the animal model Activity-Based Anorexia (ABA) may provide insight into the neural correlates of its behavioral and physical markers, hyperactivity and weight loss. Previously, female ABA rodents were shown to have increased levels of the NR2B subunit of NMDA receptor (NMDAR), an excitatory glutamate receptor, in stratum radiatum of dorsal hippocampal CA1. Increased NR2B-NMDAR levels may increase excitability in hippocampus, an anxiety-regulating brain region, possibly increasing anxiety-like behavior (Chen et al. 2017) such as hyperactivity (Wable et al. 2015). Here we tested whether adolescent female mice exposed to a second food restriction (ABA2) also demonstrate the behavioral and physical markers of ABA. NR2B- NMDARs in ABA2 and control mice were immunolabeled for electron microscopy and quantified at excitatory synapses of CA1 at various pre-, post-, and peri-synaptic regions. Electron microscopy was chosen to selectively observe NR2B-immunoreactivity at distinct pre- and post-synaptic compartments because NMDARs can operate differently depending on how closely they are anchored to the synaptic junction immediately apposed to presynaptic release site (Hardingham and Bading 2010). We found that ABA2 animals had more NR2B-labeling in presynaptic terminals and postsynaptic cytoplasm than controls. Increased NR2B-labeling at postsynaptic density correlated with increased running activity during food access and weight loss, suggesting that NR2B-NMDARs at postsynaptic density may mediate vulnerability to ABA2. Increased levels of NR2B-labeling at the extra-synaptic membrane of dendritic spines correlated with less running during ABA2, suggesting NR2B at this site may mediate ABA resilience. The results indicate localized NR2B expression correlates with adaptability to second exposure to food restriction and support a neurobiological basis for ABA.
description: Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal, Vol 12 (2018): Spring 2018
Rationality and spatial structure : metaphysics and space in seventeenth century thought
Creators: name: Staddon, Cædmon
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2008

description: The structuring of knowledge is related in complex ways to the political, social and economic geography of the period. The seventeenth century was a period of great social, political and economic turmoil in England and Western Europe, throughout which intellectuals proposed various alternative models of social, no less than scientific, certainty and stability. Of these disputes, the debate between Thomas Hobbes and Robert Boyle during the 1650s and 1660s over the interpretation of Boyle's air pump trials is a prime example of the complex, multiply imbricated, terrain traversed in pursuit of "right method" and social order. By the century's end, a broadly syncretic philosophical position which largely favoured Newtonian modalities was conjoined with a political settlement in a way which clearly set Western intellectual development onto a new developmental trajectory. Of particular importance to this thesis are the geographical correlates of these ostensibly universal scientific transformations. This general restructuring of theories of science and society also necessarily entailed aspatial restructuring at the abstract philosophical level. The ontological dispute between spatial absolutists and spatial relativists drew on rival conceptions of substance and subjectivity which were in turn employed to underwrite divergent ideas about the spatial structure of knowledge production. Ultimately these spatialities were mapped into divergent conceptions of social and political order. These debates and social transformations resulted in the undermining of sophisticated visions of a geographical discipline, such as that forwarded by Bernhardus Varenius in his Geographia Generalis. Instead, geography was established as the study of the relations between objects and their environments in a way which elided critical questions regarding the spatiality of many ontological and epistemological problems. In this thesis I will attempt to integrate an analysis of the spatial content of seventeenth century ontological and epistemological theories with an analysis of the historico-geographical context within which they were elaborated and diffused. One implication of this thesis is that the "project of modernity", initiated during the "Scientific Revolution" also contained a corollary spatial discourse which must be recovered if modernity itself is to be more fully understood. Suggestions about an "end" to the "project of modernity", and the dawn of a "postmodern" era, must consequently establish that modernity’s constitutive spatial and geographical modalities have either been superceded or significantly transformed.
Low temperature heat capacity of fullerite C60 doped with nitrogen
Creators: name: Gurevich, A. M.
name: Terekhov, A. V.
name: Kondrashev, D. S.
name: Dolbin, A. V.
name: Cassidy, D.
name: Gadd, G. E.
name: Moricca, S.
name: Sundqvist, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The heat capacity Cm of polycrystalline fullerite C60 doped with nitrogen has been measured in the temperature interval 2 - 13 K. The contributions to heat capacity from translational lattice vibrations (Debye contribution), orientational vibrations of the C60 molecules (Einstein contribution) and from the motion of the N2 molecules in the octahedral cavities of the C60 lattice have been estimated. However, we could not find (beyond the experimental error limits) any indications of the first - order phase transformation that had been detected earlier in the dilatometric investigation of the orientational N2-C60 glass. A possible explanation of this fact is proposed.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, to be published in Fiz. Nizk. Temp. (Low Temp. Phys.)
Proposed Causes and Mechanisms for Variation in Photosynthesis of Quercus Rubra along an Urban to Rural Gradient
Creators: name: Searle, Stephanie Y
name: Marin, Cesar
name: Griffin, Kevin L
Publisher: name: Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal
Year: 2020

description: Forests in the northeastern United States are currently sequestering atmospheric carbon dioxide released by fossil fuels. The effects of accelerating urbanization and global warming on plant carbon uptake will thus have important consequences for future atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and climate change. The urban environment of New York City (NYC) has been shown to produce increased plant growth and carbon sequestration in Populus deltoides. Here we investigate the effects of NYC’s urban environment on native red oaks (Quercus rubra L.). We grew four-year-old oak seedlings at four sites along an urban to rural gradient from NYC to the Catskills for 1.5 years. We measured the short-term response of photosynthesis to [CO2] in three seedlings at each site, as well as environmental parameters. Photosynthesis was highest in NYC, second highest in the Catskills, and lowest at the two intermediate sites. Comparison of photosynthesis data with environmental variables suggests that the combined effect of diurnal temperature range, [CO2], and ozone account for most of the variation in photosynthesis and growth along the gradient. These results and interpretations differ from those of Gregg et al. (2003); we suggest that these differences are due to the species tested, and that Quercus rubra may provide a more accurate indicator of how urbanization and climate change will affect carbon cycling in forests in the eastern United States.
description: Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal, Vol 2 (2007): Spring 2007
Regional Variations of Proteoglycan Distribution and Residual Stress in Arterial Blood Vessels
Creators: name: Thimmappa, Vikrum A.
name: Azeloglu, Evren U.
name: Ateshian, Gerard A.
name: Costa, Kevin D.
Publisher: name: Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal
Year: 2020

description: Understanding vascular physiology and pathology requires detailed knowledge of the mechanical properties of blood vessels, and the mechanisms that allow them to remodel and adapt to altered loading conditions. Such adaptation often involves changes in the residual stresses that exist in the tissue even when all external loads are removed, and function to optimize the stresses exerted on cells within the vascular wall. We recently showed that residual stresses can arise from transmurally heterogeneous concentrations of fixed negative charge due to proteoglycan molecules which are preferentially located in the inner layers of the vessel wall. The purpose of this study was to examine how regional differences in proteoglycan heterogeneity contribute to variations in residual stress at different anatomical locations in arteries. This idea was tested by measuring opening angles in rat blood vessels under specific osmotic loading conditions, computing a Donnan opening angle (DOA) due to fixed charge effects, and correlating this with relative proteoglycan distributions obtained by quantitative histological analysis of the arterial vessel wall. Experimentally, the DOA exhibited a second order polynomial dependence on proteoglycan heterogeneity determined from the ratio of media/total wall thickness, with R2=0.724, and a maximum opening angle at a ratio of 48%. This is consistent with a theoretically predicted value of 50%, and supports our hypothesis that proteoglycans play an important role in vascular residual stress. Therefore, modification of proteoglycan content in arterial walls suggests a novel mechanism to regulate in vivo mechanical homeostasis.
description: Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal, Vol 3 (2008): Spring 2008
Aboveground Biomass and Carbon Storage Capacities of a Western Amazonian Primary and Secondary Growth Forest
Creators: name: Finnell, Lindsay
name: Nordin, Bailey
Publisher: name: Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal
Year: 2019

description: Amazonian tropical forests are critical to global carbon cycling and sequestration, and in direct danger from deforestation. In order to contribute to limited existing literature on the carbon sequestration potential of secondary forest ecosystems and their aboveground biomass (AGB), we established permanent 0.2-ha plots in a primary and a secondary forest near Iquitos, Loreto, Peru. We measured diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height, and wood density for trees ≥10 cm DBH and took the diameter of lianas at 30 cm shoot extension, then used published allometric equations to estimate AGB and compare it between forests. Trees within the primary forest plot had a significantly greater mean DBH and higher mean wood density, as well as a greater overall AGB than trees within the secondary forest. AGB was calculated to be 322.05 Mg/ha for the primary forest and 51.17 Mg/ha for the secondary forest. Sequestered carbon quantities were 151.36 Mg/ha and 24.05 Mg/ha, respectively. Higher estimates of stored carbon within the primary forest are attributed to old- growth trees with large DBH values and increased wood density, and discrepancies between our carbon estimates for the secondary forest and past estimates for the same site suggest the need to focus more research and attention on allometric equation use. The results of this study provide a potential incentive for carbon sequestration funding to be awarded to the primary forest property studied and establish a foundation for future estimations of the carbon storage capacities of tropical secondary forests.
description: Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal, Vol 13 (2019): Spring 2019
A Letter from the President
Creators: name: Gay, Micah
Publisher: name: Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal
Year: 2019

description: Dear Readers, We are pleased to announce the 13th edition of the Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal. CUSJ’s dual mission is to publish high quality student research in our journals and to promote scientific research among students and introduce students into the scientific research community. In both regards, we have expanded and improved our efforts, and I am incredibly proud of all we’ve accomplished. We grew a lot as an organization, doubling the size of our editorial board and creating a general body for all students at Columbia to be able to be involved with the CUSJ community. General body members participated in a mentorship program, journal club meetings, and other social events throughout the year. We focused our efforts on building community and providing resources for STEM students. We hosted events that focused on student and professor research, mental health, resume editing, graduate school, finding summer research opportunities, grant writing, science in the media, and much more. Over 30 student researchers presented their original research at our annual symposium and heard from keynote speakers on our faculty advisory board Hugh Ducklow, Gerard Parkin, Kyle Mandli, Marko Jovanovic, and Patricia Lindemann about the importance of undergraduate research. On the editorial side, we started a blog for student-written articles that synthesize recent and novel research. We are accepting submissions for blog articles from everyone, so if you are interested please visit the submissions page. Both of our journals received more than twice as many submissions as the previous year, and after revamping our editing process, the research that we are publishing is impressive, rigorous, and advanced beyond what we’ve ever seen. The Columbia Junior Science Journal published original papers by advanced high school students across the country, and in this edition of the Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal, there are articles by undergraduate researchers from some of the top universities in North America. Thank you for your support of CUSJ and the student research community, and we look forward to another great year next year. Micah Gay President, CUSJ
description: Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal, Vol 13 (2019): Spring 2019
Observations of 12.2 GHz methanol masers towards northern high-mass protostellar objects
Creators: name: Durjasz, M.
name: Szymczak, M.
name: Wolak, P.
name: Bartkiewicz, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. Class II methanol masers at 6.7 and 12.2 GHz occur close to high-mass young stellar objects (HMYSOs). When they are observed simultaneously, such studies may contribute to refining the characterisation of local physical conditions. Aims. We aim to search for the 12.2 GHz methanol emission in 6.7 GHz methanol masers that might have gone undetected in previous surveys of northern sky HMYSOs, mainly due to their variability. Contemporaneous observations of both transitions are used to refine the flux density ratio and examine the physical parameters. Methods. We observed a sample of 153 sites of 6.7 GHz methanol maser emission in the 12.2 GHz methanol line with the Torun 32 m radio telescope, using the newly built X-band receiver. Results. The 12.2 GHz methanol maser emission was detected in 36 HMYSOs, with 4 of them detected for the first time. The 6.7 GHz to 12.2 GHz flux density ratio for spectral features of the contemporaneously observed sources has a median value of 5.1, which is in agreement with earlier reports. The ratio differs significantly among the sources and for the periodic source G107.298+5.639 specifically, the ratio is weakly recurrent from cycle to cycle, but it generally reaches a minimum around the flare peak. This is consistent with the stochastic maser process, where small variations in the physical parameters along the maser path can significantly affect the ratio. A comparison of our data with historical results (from about ten years ago) implies significant (> 50%) variability for about 47% and 14% at 12.2 GHz and 6.7 GHz, respectively. This difference can be explained via the standard model of methanol masers.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures, accepted to A&A
Exact diffusion coefficient of self-gravitating Brownian particles in two dimensions
Creators: name: Chavanis, P. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the exact expression of the diffusion coefficient of a self-gravitating Brownian gas in two dimensions. Our formula generalizes the usual Einstein relation for a free Brownian motion to the context of two-dimensional gravity. We show the existence of a critical temperature T_{c} at which the diffusion coefficient vanishes. For T
On the relation between the monotone Riemannian metrics on the space of Gibbs thermal states and the linear response theory
Creators: name: Tonchev, Nicholay S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The proposed in J. Math. Phys. v.57,071903 (2016) analytical expansion of monotone (contractive) Riemannian metrics (called also quantum Fisher information(s)) in terms of moments of the dynamical structure factor (DSF) relative to an original intensive observable is reconsidered and extended. The new approach through the DSF which characterizes fully the set of monotone Riemannian metrics on the space of Gibbs thermal states is utilized to obtain an extension of the spectral presentation obtained for the Bogoliubov-Kubo-Mori metric (the generalized isothermal susceptibility) on the entire class of monotone Riemannian metrics. The obtained spectral presentation is the main point of our consideration. The last allows to present the one to one correspondence between monotone Riemannian metrics and operator monotone functions (which is a statement of the Petz theorem in the quantum information theory) in terms of the linear response theory. We show that monotone Riemannian metrics can be determined from the analysis of the infinite chain of equations of motion of the retarded Green's functions. Inequalities between the different metrics have been obtained as well. It is a demonstration that the analysis of information-theoretic problems has benefited from concepts of statistical mechanics and might cross-fertilize or extend both directions, and vice versa. We illustrate the presented approach on the calculation of the entire class of monotone (contractive) Riemannian metrics on the examples of some simple but instructive systems employed in various physical problems.
description: 21 pages
Designing an Industrially Scalable, Flow-Based Synthesis for the Production of Nilotinib
Creators: name: Cheung, Justin M
name: Hofflich, Jessica
name: Henriquez, Pablo
name: Huang, Jian
name: Jami, Nafiul
Publisher: name: Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal
Year: 2019

description: Nilotinib (Tasigna) is a drug used to treat chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), a disease which currently affects over 100,000 people in the U.S. The drug is manufactured by Novartis and has been one of its most profitable, bringing in a total revenue of well over $2 billion USD in 2016. Novartis’s patent on Tasigna is set to expire in 2023 and cheaper, generic versions of the drug will soon be in great demand. An assessment of Novartis’s existing patent on the synthesis of Tasigna indicates many drawbacks in the current process. Namely, the Novartis synthesis requires multiple days of reaction, nearly a dozen steps, multiple solvent switching processes, and gives very low yields. On the other hand, work published by Buchwald and coworkers has shown an efficient method of synthesizing nilotinib in fewer than four steps, in less than 24 hours, and at >85% yields. Unfortunately, the Buchwald reaction has only ever been applied in a laboratory setting and has never been scaled to an industrial level. Thus, it was the goal of this investigation to develop an industrially scaled, flow-based synthesis of the Buchwald synthesis of nilotinib. For this investigation, our team assumed the role of a generic pharmaceutical company with a hypothetical goal of producing 15% of the U.S. market share of nilotinib (1150 kg of nilotinib/year). Utilizing chemical reaction modeling software, ChemCAD, a chemical process for the large scale Buchwald synthesis of nilotinib was successfully designed at the 1150 kg production capacity of the active pharmaceutical ingredient of nilotinib per year. Economic analysis demonstrated the fiscal viability of this process with estimated gross revenue of >$250 million USD/year even with a predicted 60% drop in generic drug price factored in. This, we envision, would serve as an important improvement in the efficiency of industrial level synthesis of a life-saving cancer drug.
description: Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal, Vol 13 (2019): Spring 2019
The galactic 511 keV line from electroweak scale WIMPs
Creators: name: Pospelov, Maxim
name: Ritz, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider possible mechanisms via which electroweak scale WIMPs χ^0 could provide the source of the INTEGRAL/SPI 511 keV photon flux from the galactic centre. We consider scenarios where the WIMP spectrum contains near-degeneracies, with MeV-scale splitting, and focus on three possible production mechanisms for galactic positrons: (i) collisional excitation of the WIMP to a nearby charged state, χ^0 + χ^0 -> χ^+ + χ^-, with the subsequent decay producing positrons; (ii) capture of the WIMP by nuclei in the galactic interstellar medium, χ^0 + N -> e^+ + (χ^- N); and (iii) the decay of a nearby long-lived state surviving from the Big Bang, χ^0_2 -> χ_1^0 + e^+ + e^-. We find that process (i) requires a cross-section which is significantly larger than the unitarity bound, process (ii) is allowed by unitarity, but is impractical due to terrestrial bounds on the χ-N cross-section, while process (iii) is viable and we construct a simple model realization with singlet dark matter fields interacting with the Standard Model via the Higgs sector.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures
Do as Some Said, or as Most Did?-A Foucauldian Experiment with Nineteenth-Century HIP
Creators: name: Kennaway, George
Publisher: name: Current Musicology
Year: 2011

description: Performers and researchers who explore performance practices of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries frequently come up against a problem recently highlighted by musicologist Daniel Leech-Wilkinson, among others. Comparing recordings of Schubert’s “An die Musik” from 1911 and 1997, he observes that the contrast between the two is deeply unsettling, and that the “audience to whom one seems just right may find the other a travesty” (Leech – Wilkinson 2011:2). Recordings by performers like Adelina Patti will reliably induce astonished laughter in an unprepared modern audience, and the slow, heavy portamento of early twentieth -century cellists such as Hans Kronold has a similar effect on conservatory cello students. The contrast between then and now is not simply a matter of different but equally valid performing styles, or a question of, e.g., the degree of portamento employed, which a little audience re-education would eventually make familiar. It appears to challenge a modern audience’s very notion of what musical expression is or means. The modern laughter is not derisive. It is provoked by a sudden collision of incongruous performance codes. This paper explores the application of Foucault’s concepts of enonce and discours to musical performance, to the peculiar aspects of older performing styles, and to the reactions they produced in the context of nineteenth century annotated editions of chamber music.3 Historically Informed Performance (hereafter referred to as HIP) is supported and sustained by performers and academic researchers. The research is largely positivist and does not generally engage with issues and methodologies typical of the more theoretical musicology that has emerged in recent decades. Likewise, the “cultural turn” has largely escaped performers. The simple practicalities of performance do not fit well with such notions as the death of the author, the decalage between sign and signified, or representations of the Other. Rehearsals are generally not given over to discussions of hermeneutics versus phenomenology. This paper is a preliminary step in showing how such theoretical approaches could be fruitful for both performance practice and scholarship.
description: Current Musicology, No 92 (2011): Current Musicology
Energy-entropy relation for asymptotically Lifshitz spacetimes with universal horizons
Creators: name: Cheyne, Jonathan
name: Mattingly, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We numerically solve for 2+1 asymptotically Lifshitz universal horizon solutions in Horava-Lifshitz gravity for dynamical exponents $z=2$ through $z=8$. We find that for all $z$ there is a thermodynamical first law and Smarr formula. Furthermore, we find that the energy-entropy relation expected for a thermal state in a two dimensional Lifshitz field theory, $E=\frac{2}{z+2}TS$, is also satisfied for universal horizons, including the correct $z$ scaling.
description: 7 pages
A Chandra ACIS Observation of the X-ray Luminous SN1988Z
Creators: name: Schlegel, E. M.
name: Petre, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: SN1988Z is the most luminous X-ray-emitting supernova, initially detected in 1995 using the ROSAT HRI with a luminosity of ~8x10^40 erg s^-1 (Fabian & Terlevich 1996). Its high luminosity was ascribed to expansion of the blast wave into an especially dense circumstellar medium. In this paper, we describe a recent observation of SN1988Z using the ACIS detector on Chandra. We readily detect SN1988Z, obtaining ~30 net counts which corresponds to a 0.2-2 keV luminosity of ~3.2x10^39 erg s^-1. The calculated quantiles for the extracted counts allow a broad range of temperatures, but require a temperature hotter than 5 keV if there is no intrinsic absorption. The long term light curve (1995-2005) declines as t^-2.6+/-0.6. This is one of the steepest X-ray light curves. The X-ray luminosity indicates that the emitting region has a high density (>10^5 cm^-3) and that the density profile is not consistent with a constant mass loss stellar wind during the ~5000 years before the explosion. If the circumstellar medium is due to progenitor mass loss, then the mass loss rate is extremely high (~10^-3 M_sol yr^-1(v_w / 10 km s^-1)). The X-ray results are compared with the predictions of models of SN1988Z.
description: accepted ApJ; 11 manuscript pages, 3 figures
Gnypeta manitobae Casey 1906
Creators: name: Klimaszewski, Jan
name: Savard, Karine
name: Pelletier, Georges
name: Webster, Reginald
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Gnypeta
Gnypeta manitobae

description: 11. Gnypeta manitobae Casey 1906: 196. As G. bockianaCasey: Moore and Legner 1975: 421. (Canada, Manitoba, Winnipeg).
description: Published as part of Klimaszewski, Jan, Savard, Karine, Pelletier, Georges & Webster, Reginald, 2008, Species review of the genus Gnypeta Thomson from Canada, Alaska and Greenland (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae): systematics, bionomics and distribution, pp. 11-84 in ZooKeys 2 (2) on page 24, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/576410
description: {"references": ["Casey TL (1906) Observations on the staphylinid groups Aleocharinae and Xantholinini, chiefly of America. Transactions of the Academy of Sciences of St. Louis 16: 125 - 434.", "Moore I., Legner EF (1975) A catalogue of the Staphylinidae of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera). University of California Division of Agricultural Sciences. Special Publication No. 3015: 1 - 514."]}
Confirming the high velocity outflow in PG 1211+143
Creators: name: Pounds, K. A.
name: Page, K. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An XMM-Newton observation of the bright QSO PG1211+143 was previously reported to show evidence for a massive, energetic outflow, with an outflow velocity of v~0.1c based on the identification of blue-shifted absorption lines detected in both EPIC and RGS spectra. Subsequently, an order-of-magnitude lower velocity has been claimed from an ion-by-ion model fit to the RGS data. We show here, in a re-analysis of the higher signal-to-noise EPIC data, that the high velocity is confirmed, with the resolution of additional absorption lines yielding a revised outflow velocity in the range ~0.13-0.15c. Confirmation of a massive and energetic outflow in a non-BAL AGN has important implications for metal enrichment of the IGM and for the feedback mechanism implied by the correlation of black hole and galactic bulge masses. We note the near-Eddington luminosity of PG1211+143 may be the critical factor in driving such an energetic outflow, a situation likely to be common in AGN at higher redshift.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures. Additional analysis included and the paper is now accepted for publication in MNRAS