cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
T=0 phase diagram and nature of domains in ultrathin ferromagnetic films with perpendicular anisotropy
Creators: name: Pighin, Santiago A.
name: Billoni, Orlando V.
name: Stariolo, Daniel A.
name: Cannas, Sergio A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the complete zero temperature phase diagram of a model for ultrathin films with perpendicular anisotropy. The whole parameter space of relevant coupling constants is studied in first order anisotropy approximation. Because the ground state is known to be formed by perpendicular stripes separated by Bloch walls, a standard variational approach is used, complemented with specially designed Monte Carlo simulations. We can distinguish four regimes according to the different nature of striped domains: a high anisotropy Ising regime with sharp domain walls, a saturated stripe regime with thicker walls inside which an in-plane component of the magnetization develops, a narrow canted-like regime, characterized by a sinusoidal variation of both the in-plane and the out of plane magnetization components, which upon further decrease of the anisotropy leads to an in-plane ferromagnetic state via a spin reorientation transition (SRT). The nature of domains and walls are described in some detail together with the variation of domain width with anisotropy, for any value of exchange and dipolar interactions. Our results, although strictly valid at $T=0$, can be valuable for interpreting data on the evolution of domain width at finite temperature, a still largely open problem.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures. Short version of arXiv:0907.5153, accepted for publication in JMMM (2010)
Photoluminescence rings in a Corbino disk at quantizing magnetic fields
Creators: name: Novák, V.
name: Swoboda, P.
name: Cukr, M.
name: Prettl, Wilhelm
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: Spatially resolved photoluminescence of modulation doped AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction was investigated in a sample of Corbino disk geometry subject to strong perpendicular magnetic fields. Significant spatial modulation of the photoluminescence was observed in form of one or more concentric rings which traveled across the sample when the magnetic field strength was varied. A topology of the observed structure excludes the possibility of being a trace of an external current. The effect is attributed to formation of compressible and incompressible stripes in a two-dimensional electron gas density gradient across the sample.
Research-based training for undergraduate mathematics tutors
Creators: name: Johns, Carolyn
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: Undergraduate peer drop-in mathematics tutoring is a common form of support at the university level, yet research regarding how to train this specific group of tutors is underspecified. This paper aims to describe a training program for this population that is grounded in mathematics education research. It serves as a first step in conducting a design experiment on how training impacts tutor behaviours. This paper addresses the research question: How can mathematics education research inform tutor training design? First, the specific context for the training program is characterized, followed by challenges to training programs. Then, ways in which research on mathematics classroom teaching and learning can apply to tutoring are discussed. Finally, the training program is described in detail, including the research which informed the design, as well as the learning outcomes, activities, and feedback mechanisms. Broadly, the goals of the training program are to promote productive beliefs regarding tutoring and learning mathematics, to increase the use of NCTM’s [(2014). Principles to action.] teacher/student actions in tutoring practices, and to develop reflective practitioners. To guide the development of these skills and dispositions in tutors, tutors engage with tutoring scenarios, excerpts, and case studies. Tutors are also provided with opportunities to reflect on their own tutoring practices.
Atomic permutationally invariant polynomials for fitting molecular force fields
Creators: name: Allen, Alice E A
name: Dusson, Geneviève
name: Ortner, Christoph
name: Csányi, Gábor
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Paper
molecular mechanics
molecular potentials
force field parametrization
small molecules

description: Abstract: We introduce and explore an approach for constructing force fields for small molecules, which combines intuitive low body order empirical force field terms with the concepts of data driven statistical fits of recent machine learned potentials. We bring these two key ideas together to bridge the gap between established empirical force fields that have a high degree of transferability on the one hand, and the machine learned potentials that are systematically improvable and can converge to very high accuracy, on the other. Our framework extends the atomic permutationally invariant polynomials (aPIP) developed for elemental materials in (2019 Mach. Learn.: Sci. Technol. 1 015004) to molecular systems. The body order decomposition allows us to keep the dimensionality of each term low, while the use of an iterative fitting scheme as well as regularisation procedures improve the extrapolation outside the training set. We investigate aPIP force fields with up to generalised 4-body terms, and examine the performance on a set of small organic molecules. We achieve a high level of accuracy when fitting individual molecules, comparable to those of the many-body machine learned force fields. Fitted to a combined training set of short linear alkanes, the accuracy of the aPIP force field still significantly exceeds what can be expected from classical empirical force fields, while retaining reasonable transferability to both configurations far from the training set and to new molecules.
Finite Temperature Schwinger Model
Creators: name: Sachs, Ivo
name: Wipf, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The temperature dependence of the order parameter of the Schwinger model is calculated in the euclidean functional integral approach. For that we solve the model on a finite torus and let the spatial extension tend to infinity at the end of the computations. The induced actions, fermionic zero-modes, relevant Green functions and Wilson loop correlators on the torus are derived. We find the analytic form of the chiral condensate for any temperature and in particular show that it behaves like \< \barΨΨ\> \sim -2 T\exp(-π\sqrtπT/e) for temperatures large compared to the induced photon mass.
description: Pre-arXiv article from 1991, 22 pages
Computer-based formative assessment for problem solving
Creators: name: Söderström, Sharmin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health

description: This study focuses on computer-based formative assessment for supporting problem solving and reasoning in mathematics. To be able to assist students who find themselves in difficulties, the software suggested descriptions – diagnoses – of the encountered difficulty the students could choose from. Thereafter, the software provided metacognitive and heuristic feedback as suitable. The findings provide insight into how formative assessment can be designed to support students during their problem solving and indicate that diagnosis and feedback could be helpful for promoting students’ creative reasoning. In other words, the feedback guided students in justifying, monitoring, and controlling their solution method.
Mid infrared emission of quantum wire cascade structures
Creators: name: Schmult, Stefan
name: Keck, Ingo
name: Herrle, Thomas
name: Wegscheider, Werner
name: Mayer, Andreas P.
name: Bichler, Max
name: Schuh, Dieter
name: Abstreiter, Gerhard
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum wires; Cleaved edge overgrowth; Quantum cascade emitter; Mid infrared emission
subject: 530 Physik

description: A novel mid infrared emitting GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wire cascade device is presented that is fabricated using the cleaved edge overgrowth technique. The samples are pumped electrically. Radiative electronic transitions between discrete energy levels in coupled quantum wires are calculated for such a structure. Operation current dependent mid infrared emission is observed at a peak wave number of 1200 cm^-1 with a full-width at half-maximum of 300 cm^-1 at a heat sink temperature of 20 K. The presented sample is an experimental proposal for an unipolar quantum wire intersubband laser.
Tunneling processes induced by terahertz fields
Creators: name: Ganichev, Sergey
name: Yassievich, I.
name: Prettl, Wilhelm
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Electron and nucleus tunneling; terahertz fields
subject: 530 Physik

description: Tunneling processes induced by terahertz frequency electric fields havebeen investigated.A drastic enhancement of the tunneling probabilityhas been observed by increasing the frequency ate 1 wheree is the tunneling time.For a given constant tunneling rate an increase offrequency by a factor of seven leads to a drop of the requiredelectric field strengthby three orders of magnitude.It is shown that the enhancement of tunneling ionization at terahertz frequencies is due to the factthat electrons can absorb energy from the radiation field during tunnelingreducing the effective width of the tunneling barrier.
Stellar Activity in the Broad-Band Ultraviolet
Creators: name: Findeisen, Krzysztof
name: Hillenbrand, Lynne
name: Soderblom, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The completion of the GALEX All-Sky Survey in the ultraviolet allows activity measurements to be acquired for many more stars than is possible with the limited sensitivity of ROSAT or the limited sky coverage of Chandra, XMM, or spectroscopic surveys for line emission in the optical or ultraviolet. We have explored the use of GALEX photometry as an activity indicator, using as a calibration sample stars within 50 pc, representing the field, and in selected nearby associations, representing the youngest stages of stellar evolution. We present preliminary relations between UV flux and the optical activity indicator R'_HK and between UV flux and age. We demonstrate that far-UV (FUV, 1350-1780Å) excess flux is roughly proportional to R'_HK. We also detect a correlation between near-UV (NUV, 1780-2830Å) flux and activity or age, but the effect is much more subtle, particularly for stars older than than ~0.5-1 Gyr. Both the FUV and NUV relations show large scatter, ~0.2 mag when predicting UV flux, ~0.18 dex when predicting R'_HK, and ~0.4 dex when predicting age. This scatter appears to be evenly split between observational errors in current state-of-the-art data and long-term activity variability in the sample stars.
description: 37 pages, 12 figures. To appear in the Astronomical Journal
Coulomb interaction and first order superconductor-insulator transition
Creators: name: Syzranov, S. V.
name: Aleiner, I. L.
name: Altshuler, B. L.
name: Efetov, K. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The superconductor-insulator transition (SIT) in regular arrays of Josephson junctions is studied at low temperatures. Near the transition a Ginzburg-Landau type action containing the imaginary time is derived. The new feature of this action is that it contains a gauge field $Φ$ describing the Coulomb interaction and changing the standard critical behavior. The solution of renormalization group (RG) equations derived at zero temperature $T=0$ in the space dimensionality $d=3$ shows that the SIT is always of the first order. At finite temperatures, a tricritical point separates the lines of the first and second order phase transitions. The same conclusion holds for $d=2$ if the mutual capacitance is larger than the distance between junctions.
description: 4.1 pages, 1 figure
Quantum stress tensor for massive vector field in the space-time of a cylindrical black hole
Creators: name: Piedra, Owen Pavel Fernández
name: Matyjasek, Jerzy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The components of the renormalized quantum Energy-Momentum tensor for a massive vector field coupled to the gravitational field configuration of a static Black-String are analytically evaluated using the Schwinger-DeWitt approximation. The general results are employed to investigate the pointwise energy conditions for the quantized matter field, and it is shown that they are violated at some regions of the spacetime, in particular the horizon of the black hole.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Unsafe student nurse behaviours : the perspectives of expert clinical nurse educators
Creators: name: Karlstrom, Monique Roxanne
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: Background: Clinical evaluation of undergraduate nursing students is one of the most challenging aspects of baccalaureate nursing education, especially for novice nurse educators. Early identification of unsafe student behaviours is necessary to ensure students obtain adequate support and guidance. The degree to which clinical nurse educators are certain about what is safe and unsafe varies, and greatly influences their decisions about patient assignments and evaluative processes. Purpose: The purpose of this study was two-fold. First, to gain consensus from a panel of nurse educator experts on particular student nurse behaviours that represent unsafe clinical practices. Second, to provide a hierarchy of the unsafe behaviours, from the perspective of expert clinical nurse educators. Method: Using the Delphi technique, a series of four online surveys were administered to a panel of sixteen expert clinical nurse educators. The four surveys were: exploratory (open-ended questions), evaluative (responses to Likert statements with level of agreement), reconsidering (revising or confirming), and ranking. Results: Thirty eight unsafe student behaviours with respect to patients and seventeen unsafe behaviours with respect to others reached 80% or more consensus as being very unsafe. Two cultural themes emerged from a cognitive perspective: honesty (value) and knowledge (expectation). Expert clinical nurse educators, above all else, value honesty in their interactions with undergraduate nursing students. They also expect student nurses to possess a certain amount of theoretical knowledge prior to arrival in the clinical setting. Two cultural themes emerged from a behaviorist perspective: control (value) and scrupulousness and precision (expectation). Expert clinical nurse educators value control in the clinical teaching/learning environment. They also expect scrupulousness and precision in the clinical setting and in the students’ personal lives.
The metallicity properties of simulated long-GRB galaxy hosts and the Fundamental Metallicity Relation
Creators: name: Campisi, M. A.
name: Tapparello, C.
name: Salvaterra, R.
name: Mannucci, F.
name: Colpi, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the implication of the collapsar model for Long Gamma-Ray Bursts (LGRBs) on the metallicity properties of the host galaxies, by combining high-resolution N-body simulations with semi-analytic models of galaxy formation. The cosmological model that we use reproduces the Fundamental Metallicity Relation recently discovered for the SDSS galaxies, whereby the metallicity decreases with increasing Star Formation Rate for galaxies of a given stellar mass. We select host galaxies housing pockets of gas-particles, young and with different thresholds in metallicities, that can be sites of LRGB events, according to the collapsar model. The simulated samples are compared with 18 observed LGRB hosts in the aim at discriminating whether the metallicity is a primary parameter. We find that a threshold in metallicity for the LGRB progenitors, within the model galaxies, is not necessary in order to reproduce the observed distribution of host metallicities. The low metallicities of observed LGRB hosts is a consequence of the high star formation environment. The star formation rate appears to be the primary parameter to generate a burst event. Finally, we show that only a few LGRBs are observed in massive, highly extincted galaxies, while these galaxies are expected to produce many such events. We identify these missing events with the fraction of dark LGRBs.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, submitted MNRAS
Realism and single-quanta nonlocality
Creators: name: Paraoanu, G. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that local realism applied to states characterized by a single quanta equally and coherently shared between a number of qubits (so-called W states) produces predictions incompatible with quantum theory. The origin of this incompatibility is shown to originate from the destructive interference of amplitude probabilities associated with nonlocal states, a phenomenon that has no classical analog.
description: 10 pages
INGLIZ VA O`ZBEK TILLARI GAP TARKIBIDA GRАDАTSIYА HODISASI, GRАDUАL SINTАKSЕMАLАRNING GАР TАRKIBIDАGI О'RNI
Creators: name: Rajabova Shakhnoza Utkirovna Samarqand davlat Chet tillar Instituti
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Tilshunоslikdа  bоshqа fаnlаrdаgi kаbi, bir-birigа zid mа'nо yоki mаzmun, hаttоki fikr ifоdаlоvсhi tushunсhаlаr mаvjud. Bundаy muqоbil tushunсhаlаr ifоdа mаtеriаlining kо'lаmigа vа  ifоdа usuligа kо'rа о'zаrо qаrаmа qаrshi bо'lgаn mа'nо, mаzmun vа fikrni yuzаgа сhiqаrishi mumkin. Ingliz vа о'zbеk tillаrining grаduаl sintаktik munоsаbаtlаrini o`rganarkanmiz dastlab gradatsiya va graduallik tushunchalari muammolarini fandagi ahamiyatini ilmiy nuqtai nazardan bevosita o`rganib chiqishni taqozo qiladi
Kalit so`zlar:  gradatsiya, graduallik, sintaktik figura, darajalanish.
Música Viva, 1942: Práticas de cooperação internacional e estratégias de consagração cultural no contexto do Americanismo Musical de Francisco Curt Lange.
Creators: name: Querino, Daniel Costa de Morais
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Bourdieu, Cooperação internacional, Musica Viva, Curt Lange, Koellreutter, Scherchen, Seeger, Mignone, Balzo

description: A revista Música Viva, publicada em 1942, contou com a colaboração de agentes do campo da música de todas as Américas, sugerindo uma rede de colaboradores em um plano internacional, ligados a figura emblemática de Francisco Curt Lange e seus empreendimentos de Americanismo Musical. Por meio da correspondência de Lange neste período, trocada com estes agentes, podemos inferir um esquema internacional de cooperação entre profissionais da música de várias partes do mundo, entre os quais podemos destacar: Hermann Scherchen da Suíça, Hans-Joachim Koellreutter e Francisco Mignone do Brasil, Hugo Balzo do Uruguai e Charles Seeger dos Estados Unidos. A tentativa de Lange, ao editar a revista Música Viva, foi redimensionar suas práticas de Americanismo Musical para uma perspectiva de aproximação com os capitais simbólicos já validados por Hermann Scherchen na Europa. Desta forma, sob a ótica do funcionamento do campo da produção erudita, proposta por Pierre Bourdieu, em sua teoria da economia das trocas simbólicas, a dissertação apresenta a tentativa, por parte Lange, de intercambiar práticas de cooperação internacional, já vivenciadas no campo da música Européia, porém readequadas á rotina cultural da América Latina.

The magazine Música Viva, published in 1942, included the cooperation of agents in music area from all over the Americas and was supposed like a net of cooperators inside of one international group that was connected with the emblem figure of Francisco Curt Lange and his Americanismo Musical. By the content of Lange´s correspondence with these agents during this period we may conclude one scheme of international cooperation between the professionals in music from different parts of the world, such as Hermann Scherchen from Switzerland, Hans-Joachim Koellreutter and Fransisco Mignone from Brazil, Hugo Balzo from Uruguay and Charles Seeger from the USA. The attempt of Lange to edit the magazine Música Viva was a way to resize his ploy in Americanismo Musical for the perspective approach to the symbolic capitals that were already validated by Hermann Scherchen in Europe. In this way, through the lens of actions of the intellectual production area, proposed by Pierre Bourdieu in his theory of the economics of symbolic exchanges, this dissertation represents the Lange´s initiation to exchange the practices of the international cooperation in the area of European music but readapted to cultural routine of Latin America.
Spin-dependent tunneling through a symmetric semiconductor barrier
Creators: name: Perel', V.
name: Tarasenko, S.
name: Yassievich, I.
name: Ganichev, Sergey
name: Belkov, Vassilij
name: Prettl, Wilhelm
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: The problem of electron tunneling through a symmetric semiconductor barrier based on zinc-blende-structure material is studied. The k3 Dresselhaus terms in the effective Hamiltonian of bulk semiconductor of the barrier are shown to result in a dependence of the tunneling transmission on the spin orientation. The difference of the transmission probabilities for opposite spin orientations can achieve several percents for the reasonable width of the barriers.
Quantum wire intersubband emitter
Creators: name: Keck, Ingo
name: Schmult, Stefan
name: Wegscheider, Werner
name: Rother, Martin
name: Mayer, Andreas P.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: A quantum cascade emitter structure is suggested that is based on electronic transitions in an artificial band structure of coupled quantum wires in contrast to the conventional quantum layer systems. The electron transport is normal to the wires in a GaAs/Al_xGa_{1–x}As heterostructure produced by the cleaved-edge overgrowth method. For a realistic system of this type, the relevant rates of radiative transitions and of nonradiative transitions mediated by longitudinal optical phonons have been calculated and have been compared with corresponding data for quantum cascade emitters based on layered structures.
Invisible-Overtime-White-Paper.pdf
Creators: name: Lerner, Debra
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 420303
subject: Family care
classificationCode: 420301
subject: Aged health care
classificationCode: 420305
subject: Health and community services
classificationCode: 440705
subject: Gender, policy and administration
classificationCode: 440701
subject: Communications and media policy
classificationCode: 440706
subject: Health policy
classificationCode: 440799
subject: Policy and administration not elsewhere classified

description: As this white paper will discuss, family caregivers face challenges maintaining both caregiving and work roles and these challenges are costly. Recent reports have sounded the alarm to alert key stakeholders to the pressing need to better understand what is happening at theintersection of family caregiving and employment, and take action. Much of the currently available research on caregiving and work is outdated, consists of one-off studies that offer limited new knowledge, and single company studies with findings that are difficult for employers to apply. Also, progress towards addressing challenges is impeded by a lack of standardized metrics and methods, and too few longitudinal studies. What limited information is available on CEs is descriptive and general.The aim of this white paper is to update the relevant research on caregivers who are currently or recently employed. Unlike prior research, the information presented is intended to help employers and policymakers DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.24773493
Agent-based digital traffic model generation for regions facing data scarcity using aggregated cellphone data: a case study for Brussels
Creators: name: Li, Jingjun
name: Rombaut, Evy
name: Vanhaverbeke, Lieselot
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: The adoption of agent-based models (ABMs) in transport research has highlighted their potential in digitally simulating travel behaviour from a bottom-up perspective. However, generating ABMs remains a complex multi-step process, often suffering from the lack of model representation or reliance on proprietary data, thereby limiting ABMs' transferability, especially in regions facing data scarcity. This research presents a systematic ABM generation algorithm for Brussels, Belgium, that generates high-quality ABMs more representative of real-life travel patterns, including incorporating external travel demand and allowing multiple destinations for the same activity types in activity chaining. Additionally, our algorithm's input data only contains social-spatial data and aggregated cellphone matrices. Due to the ubiquitous nature of such data worldwide, our algorithm demonstrates significant transferability to other regions for ABM generation while preserving individual privacy. We demonstrate the input data and the proposed algorithm step by step. The ABM generated using MATSim is validated against real-world data regarding mode share, distance share, travel time distribution and traffic counts. Overall, this research would serve as valuable guidance for ABM modellers in data collection and specific modelling setups, lowering the entry barrier of ABM research towards more efficient, representative and reproducible ABMs.
Spin-sensitive bleaching and spin relaxation in QW's
Creators: name: Schneider, Petra
name: Ganichev, Sergey
name: Kainz, Josef
name: Rössler, Ulrich
name: Wegscheider, Werner
name: Weiss, Dieter
name: Prettl, Wilhelm
name: Belkov, Vassilij
name: Golub, Leonid
name: Schuh, Dieter
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: Spin-sensitive saturation of absorption of infrared radiation has been investigated in p-type GaAs QWs. It is shown that the absorption saturation of circularly polarized radiation is mostly controlled by the spin relaxation time of the holes. The saturation behavior has been investigated for different QW widths and in dependence on the temperature with the result that the saturation intensity substantially decreases with narrowing of QWs. Spin relaxation times were experimentally obtained by making use of calculated (linear) absorption coefficients for inter-subband transitions.
The Accretion of Gas onto Galaxies as Traced by their Satellites
Creators: name: Kauffmann, Guinevere
name: Li, Cheng
name: Heckman, Timothy M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have compiled a large sample of isolated central galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, which do not have a neighbour of comparable brightness within a projected distance of 1 Mpc. We use the colours, luminosities and surface brightnesses of satellite galaxies in the vicinity of these objects to estimate their atomic gas content and to derive the average total mass of HI gas contained in satellites as a function of projected radius from the primary. Recent calibrations of merging timescales from N-body simulations are used to estimate the rate at which this gas will accrete onto the primaries. Our estimated accretion rates fall short of those needed to maintain the observed level of star formation in these systems by nearly two orders of magnitude. Nevertheless, there are strong correlations between the total mass of gas in satellites and the colours and specific star formation rates of central galaxies of all stellar masses. The correlations are much weaker if we consider the total stellar mass in the satellites, rather than their total gas mass. We ask why star formation in the central galaxies should be correlated with gas contained in satellites at projected separations of a Mpc or more, well outside the virial radius of the dark matter halos of these systems. We suggest that gas-rich satellites trace an underlying reservoir of ionized gas that is accreted continuously, and that provides the fuel for ongoing star formation in galaxies in the local Universe.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures, submitted to MNRAS
Sounds of COVID-19: exploring realistic performance of audio-based digital testing
Creators: name: Han, Jing
name: Xia, Tong
name: Spathis, Dimitris
name: Bondareva, Erika
name: Brown, Chloë
name: Chauhan, Jagmohan
name: Dang, Ting
name: Grammenos, Andreas
name: Hasthanasombat, Apinan
name: Floto, Andres
name: Cicuta, Pietro
name: Mascolo, Cecilia
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: Article
/692/308/53
/692/308/174
article

description: Funder: European Research Council Advanced Research Grant Project 833296
description: Abstract: To identify Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases efficiently, affordably, and at scale, recent work has shown how audio (including cough, breathing and voice) based approaches can be used for testing. However, there is a lack of exploration of how biases and methodological decisions impact these tools’ performance in practice. In this paper, we explore the realistic performance of audio-based digital testing of COVID-19. To investigate this, we collected a large crowdsourced respiratory audio dataset through a mobile app, alongside symptoms and COVID-19 test results. Within the collected dataset, we selected 5240 samples from 2478 English-speaking participants and split them into participant-independent sets for model development and validation. In addition to controlling the language, we also balanced demographics for model training to avoid potential acoustic bias. We used these audio samples to construct an audio-based COVID-19 prediction model. The unbiased model took features extracted from breathing, coughs and voice signals as predictors and yielded an AUC-ROC of 0.71 (95% CI: 0.65–0.77). We further explored several scenarios with different types of unbalanced data distributions to demonstrate how biases and participant splits affect the performance. With these different, but less appropriate, evaluation strategies, the performance could be overestimated, reaching an AUC up to 0.90 (95% CI: 0.85–0.95) in some circumstances. We found that an unrealistic experimental setting can result in misleading, sometimes over-optimistic, performance. Instead, we reported complete and reliable results on crowd-sourced data, which would allow medical professionals and policy makers to accurately assess the value of this technology and facilitate its deployment.
Nonlinear Landau-Zener Tunnelling in Coupled Waveguide Arrays
Creators: name: Khomeriki, Ramaz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The possibility of direct observation of Nonlinear Landau-Zener tunnelling effect with a device consisting of two waveguide arrays connected with a tilted reduced refractive index barrier is discussed. Numerical simulations on this realistic setup are interpreted via simplified double well system and different asymmetric tunnelling scenarios were predicted just varying injected beam intensity.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures
Emotion networks across self-reported depression levels during the COVID-19 pandemic
Creators: name: Whiston, Aoife
name: Igou, Eric R.
name: Fortune, Dónal G.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: During stressful circumstances, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, disturbances in emotional experiences can occur. These emotional disturbances, if not relieved or regulated, can be associated with feelings of depression. Currently, little is known about which emotional experiences (positive and negative) are associated with feelings of depression during COVID-19. This study aimed to estimate and compare mixed, positive and negative valence emotion networks during COVID-19 for low, moderate and high levels of self-reported depression. Across 26,034 participants, central emotional experiences included gratitude, sadness, fear, anxiety, compassion, and being moved for all self-reported depression levels; love for low levels of depression, and confusion for high levels of depression. The strongest edges included fear-anxiety, loneliness-boredom, anger-disgust, determination-hope, and compassion-being moved for all self-reported depression levels; calm-relief, and sadness-frustration for high levels of self-reported depression; and admiration-being moved for low and moderate self-reported depression levels. Network comparison tests showed mixed, positive and negative emotion networks significantly differed in structure across all self-reported depression levels. Network connectivity was also significantly stronger for low self-reported depression within positive and negative emotion networks. These networks provide key information on emotional experiences associated with depression during COVID-19.
QCD correction to single top quark production at the ILC
Creators: name: Penunuri, F.
name: Larios, F.
name: Bouzas, Antonio O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single top quark production at the ILC can be used to obtain a high precision measurements of the the Vtb CKM matrix element as well as the effective tbW coupling. We have calculated the QCD correction for the cross section in the context of an effective vector boson approximation. Our results show a 10% increase due to the strong interaction.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
A Simplified Model Approach to Same-sign Dilepton Resonances
Creators: name: Rentala, Vikram
name: Shepherd, William
name: Su, Shufang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss same-sign dilepton resonances in the simplified model approach. The relevant $SU(3}_Q^J$ quantum numbers are $1_2^{0,1,2}$. For simplicity, we only consider a spin 0 scalar, which is typically referred to as a doubly charged Higgs in the literature. We consider the three simplest cases where the doubly charged Higgs resides in a singlet, doublet or triplet $SU(2)_L$ representation. We discuss production and decay of such a doubly charged Higgs, summarize the current direct search limits, and obtain mass limits in the cases of singlet and doublet for the first time. We also present a complete set of updated indirect search limits. We study the discovery potential at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) with center of mass energies 7 and 14 TeV for the dominant Drell-Yan pair production with $H^{\pm\pm}$ decay in the $ee$ and $μμ$ channels. We find that at 7 TeV, the LHC with 10 $fb^{-1}$ luminosity can probe mass of the doubly charged Higgs up to 380 GeV assuming 100% decay to leptons. At 14 TeV, the LHC with 100 $fb^{-1}$ luminosity can reach a mass of up to 800 GeV.
description: 25 pages, 7 figures
T-shaped waveguides for quantum-wire intersubband lasers
Creators: name: Herrle, Thomas
name: Schmult, Stefan
name: Pindl, Markus
name: Schwarz, Uli
name: Wegscheider, Werner
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: We present a T-shaped waveguide for a quantum-wire intersubband laser in the GaAs/AlGaAs heterosystem for the midinfrared spectral region around 8 mm. Such a device is fabricated using the Cleaved Edge Overgrowth (CEO) technique. The suggested waveguide structure is compatible to this growth technique. The confinement factor and the waveguide losses due to free carrier absorption are calculated solving the scalar wave equation and compared to the results for a conventional quantum cascade laser (QCL) in the GaAs/AlGaAs material system based on coupled quantum-wells. We show that the optical mode can be confined near the active region of a quantum-wire cascade structure with the presented T-shaped waveguide design. Simultaneously the waveguide losses can be reduced compared to a conventional QCL waveguide design. However, the confinement factor is substantially reduced as a result of a small optically active region in the quantum-wire cascade device.
Profiling 32 alkaloid compounds from Macleaya cordata by UPLC-DAD–QTOF-MS/ms
Creators: name: Zhou, Xinji
name: Peng, Yuqing
name: Zhou, Hao
name: Wang, Wenyan
name: Yi, Gui
name: Xia, Qi
name: Guo, Yaping
name: Xie, Lianwu
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Macleaya cordata is a traditional herb medicine with alkaloids as the main bioactive substance. To identify alkaloid compounds from M. cordata, its crude extract was obtained with 0.2 mol/L hydrochloric acid, and alkaloid compounds in the demineralised extract by organic solvents from crude extract were qualitatively and quantitatively analysed by UPLC-DAD–QTOF-MS/MS. Through systematic analysis of retention times, mass spectrometry data, and diagnostic fragmentation pathways and rules, 32 alkaloids were rapidly unambiguously identified or tentatively deduced by comparison with standard MS spectra or literature data. Among them, 16 minor ­alkaloid compounds including nandazurine, hydroxychelidonine, capauridine, (-)-dicentrine, leptopine, adlumidine, takatonine, (2, 3)-trans-N-(p-hydroxyphenethyl)ferulamide, 9-ethoxyaristololactam, thalicminine, cassythidine, acetylisocorynoline, oxynitidine, crinasiatine, zanthoxyline, and 7,9-dimethoxy-2,3-methylendioxybenzophenanthridine were found in M. cordata for the first time. The abundant alkaloids might be responsible for the bioactivity of M. cordata, which laid a foundation for the study of quality control, livestock, and clinical applications of M. cordata.
Hybrid-Learning Model Chains for Quality-Predictive Machining Simulations
Creators: name: Brecher, Christian
name: Fey, Marcel
name: Huang, Ziqi
name: Loba, Matthäus
Publisher: name: RWTH Aachen University
Year: 2023

description: Artificial Intelligence Colloquium, AIC 2023, Aachen, Germany, 18 Jul 2023 - 18 Jul 2023
Unravelling the role of the interface for spin injection into organic semiconductors
Creators: name: Barraud, Clément
name: Seneor, Pierre
name: Mattana, Richard
name: Fusil, Stéphane
name: Bouzehouane, Karim
name: Deranlot, Cyrile
name: Graziosi, Patrizio
name: Hueso, Luis
name: Bergenti, Ilaria
name: Dediu, Valentin
name: Petroff, Frédéric
name: Fert, Albert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Whereas spintronics brings the spin degree of freedom to electronic devices, molecular/organic electronics adds the opportunity to play with the chemical versatility. Here we show how, as a contender to commonly used inorganic materials, organic/molecular based spintronics devices can exhibit very large magnetoresistance and lead to tailored spin polarizations. We report on giant tunnel magnetoresistance of up to 300% in a (La,Sr)MnO3/Alq3/Co nanometer size magnetic tunnel junction. Moreover, we propose a spin dependent transport model giving a new understanding of spin injection into organic materials/molecules. Our findings bring a new insight on how one could tune spin injection by molecular engineering and paves the way to chemical tailoring of the properties of spintronics devices.
description: Original version. Revised version to appear in Nature Physics.
Coronashaming: interpersonal affect worsening in contexts of COVID-19 rule violations
Creators: name: López-Pérez, Belén
name: Hanoch, Yaniv
name: Gummerum, Michaela
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Experiencing empathy for others has been linked to worsening others’ feelings against their wishes. These paternalistic empathic goals have been theorised to happen at the dyad level when an agent aims to worsen a target’s emotional state. They may also operate at a broader level when agents are third-party observers of COVID-19 lockdown rule violations. In these instances, agents can impact transgressors’ affect engaging in Coronashaming. In three studies, we measured British people’s (Ntotal = 767) vulnerability (Study 1), age (Studies 2 and 3), and empathy towards COVID-19 victims and presented them with different scenarios depicting a breach of lockdown rules to assess the emotions participants wanted to inflict in transgressor, the strategies used, and whether they wanted stricter rules to be enforced. Results confirmed shame as the emotion preferred to induce in violators, with this preference linked to higher use of engagement strategies (i.e. to make transgressors understand what they did wrong). Finally, empathy was positively linked to higher affect worsening and wanting stricter rules to be enforced. This suggests that empathy towards potential victims of COVID-19 rules violations can motivate people to worsen the feelings of transgressors.
The impact of internal tide mixing parameterizations in an eddy-permitting model of the Arctic Ocean
Creators: name: Epstein, Jacquie-Lee
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: In this study we consider the impact of enhanced ocean mixing due to the breaking of internal tides on model state in an eddy-permitting numerical model of the Arctic Ocean. We compare the impact of two enhanced tidal mixing parameterizations each with different vertical dissipation profiles based on Polzin [2009] and Jayne and St Laurent [2001], respectively, in contrast to a control run without the additional tidal mixing parameterization. We find that the model runs with implementations of the two internal tide mixing parameterizations have varied and in some instances, large differences in important model variables indicating that the inclusion of internal tide mixing in a numerical model of the Arctic Ocean will require careful consideration.
Emotion regulation during the COVID-19 pandemic: risk and resilience factors for parental burnout (IIPB)
Creators: name: Vertsberger, Dana
name: Roskam, Isabelle
name: Talmon, Anat
name: van Bakel, Hedwig
name: Hall, Ruby
name: Mikolajczak, Moïra
name: Gross, James J.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted families’ lives around the world. The measures used to contain transmission have led to increased stress and put parents at increased risk for parental burnout (PB). The aim of the current study was to examine the association between COVID-related parental stress and PB, and to test whether emotion regulation (ER) moderated this association. We hypothesised that rumination, which is a generally maladaptive ER strategy, would act as a risk factor. In comparison, we hypothesised that reappraisal, which is a generally adaptive ER strategy, would act as a resilience factor. We assessed 8225 parents from 22 countries using an on-line survey, and focused on general stress and parenting stress. These stressors were associated with greater PB. Importantly, parental ER moderated these associations; rumination strengthened the link between stress-related variables and PB, whereas reappraisal weakened it. This study emphasises the negative effect COVID-19 has on parents and highlights key ER risk and resilience factors.
Psychological trauma and emotional upheaval as revealed in academic writing: The case of COVID-19
Creators: name: Markowitz, David M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: The current paper used a preregistered set of language dimensions to indicate how scientists psychologically managed the COVID-19 pandemic and its effects. Study 1 evaluated over 1.8 million preprints from arXiv.org and assessed how papers written during the COVID-19 pandemic reflected patterns of psychological trauma and emotional upheaval compared to those written before the pandemic. The data suggest papers written during the pandemic contained more affect and more cognitive processing terms to indicate writers working through a crisis than papers written before the pandemic. Study 2 (N = 74,744 published PLoS One papers) observed consistent emotion results, though cognitive processing patterns were inconsistent. Papers written specifically about COVID-19 contained more emotion than those not written about COVID-19. Finally, Study 3 (N = 361,189 published papers) replicated the Study 2 emotion results across more diverse journals and observed papers written during the pandemic contained a greater rate of cognitive processing terms, but a lower rate of analytic thinking, than papers written before the pandemic. These data suggest emotional upheavals are associated with psychological correlates reflected in the language of scientists at scale. Implications for psychology of language research and trauma are discussed.
Dynamic cluster-scaling in DNA
Creators: name: Bershadskii, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that the nucleotide sequences in DNA molecules have cluster-scaling properties (discovered for the first time in turbulent processes: Sreenivasan and Bershadskii, 2006, J. Stat. Phys., 125, 1141-1153.). These properties are relevant to both types of nucleotide pair-bases interactions: hydrogen bonds and stacking interactions. It is shown that taking into account the cluster-scaling properties can help to improve heterogeneous models of the DNA dynamics. Two human genes: BRCA2 and NRXN1, have been considered as examples.