cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
New Apprroaches to the Theory of Rental Contracts in Agriculture
Creators: name: Bell, Clive
name: Zusman, Pinhas
name: Bell, Clive
name: Zusman, Pinhas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1981
Subjects: Agribusiness
Agricultural and Food Policy
Agricultural Finance
Land Economics/Use

description: This paper addresses two issues: the relationship between the choice of rental contract in agriculture and the set of conditions or environment under which such contracts are arrived at, and the implications of this relationship for efficiency, equity, and development policy. Both issues have been the subject of much discussion in the theoretical literature of late. In particular, close attention has been paid to the role of imperfections in, or outright failure of, one or more markets. This has led, in turn, to the notion of "market interconnectedness" in the narrow sense that the same two agents will deal with one another in several markets simultaneously, an obvious example being the landlord who also provides credit to tenants. Two main analytical approaches are discernible. The first posits free entry for an indefinitely large set of agents who have access to parametrically given alternative utility levels elsewhere in the economy. The resulting equilibria are normally characterized by utility equivalent contracts, which are the outcome of a Nash noncooperative game. The second assumes barriers to entry in the face of market failure so that, in equilibrium, the set of contracts is the outcome of a system of Nash cooperative games. Taken together they yield a rich taxonomy and a number of interesting results.
Absence of gross inhomogeneity in HTS cuprates
Creators: name: Loram, J. W.
name: Tallon, J. L.
name: Liang, W. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) studies on Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_{8+δ}$ (Bi-2212) revealed the presence of severe inhomogeneity with length scale $L_0 \approx ξ_0$, the coherence length. Other studies have been interpreted in terms of mesoscale or nanoscale phase segregation. Here we analyze heat capacity and NMR data on Bi-2212 and (Y,Ca)Ba$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{7-δ}$ and find no evidence for phase segregation or gross inhomogeneity. For Bi-2212 the coherence scale $L_0$ increases with doping from 5 to 17$ξ_0$ and the hole density inhomogeneity decreases from 0.028 to 0.005 holes/Cu. We conclude that STM measurements considerably overstate the inhomogeneity in bulk Bi-2212.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Letters
Determining hybrid content of heavy quarkonia using lattice nonrelativistic QCD
Creators: name: Burch, Tommy
name: Orginos, Kostas
name: Toussaint, Doug
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using lowest-order lattice NRQCD to create heavy meson propagators and applying the spin-dependent interaction, $c_B^{} \frac{-g}{2m_q}\vecσ\cdot\vec{B}$, at varying intermediate time slices, we compute the off-diagonal matrix element of the Hamiltonian for the quarkonium-hybrid two-state system. Diagonalizing this two-state Hamiltonian, the admixture of hybrid ($|Q\bar{Q}g>$) in the ground state is found. We present results from a set of quenched lattices with an interpolation in quark mass to match the bottomonium spectrum.
description: Lattice2001(heavyquark) ; 3 pages, 2 figures
Figure S1 and Table S1 from Earth's earliest and deepest purported fossils may be iron-mineralized chemical gardens
Creators: name: McMahon, Sean
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 40308 Palaeontology (incl. Palynology)
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Figure S1: Chemical garden filaments grown from ferrous sulfate seed grains (sieved to <63 μm) dispersed in sodium silicate solution show a unimodal distribution of diameters with a positive skew.; Table S1: Diameters measured on the photomicrographs shown in Figure S1.
Raman spectra of twisted bilayer graphene close to the magic angle
Creators: name: Barbosa, Tiago C.
name: Gadelha, Andreij C.
name: Ohlberg, Douglas A. A.
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Medeiros-Ribeiro, Gilberto
name: Jorio, Ado
name: Campos, Leonardo C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we study the Raman spectra of twisted bilayer graphene samples as a function of their twist-angles ($θ$), ranging from 0.03$^\circ$ to 3.40$^\circ$, where local $θ$ are determined by analysis of their associated moire superlattices, as imaged by scanning microwave impedance microscopy. Three standard excitation laser lines are used (457, 532, and 633 nm wavelengths), and the main Raman active graphene bands (G and 2D) are considered. Our results reveal that electron-phonon interaction influences the G band's linewidth close to the magic angle regardless of laser excitation wavelength. Also, the 2D band lineshape in the $θ$ < 1$^\circ$ regime is dictated by crystal lattice and depends on both the Bernal (AB and BA) stacking bilayer graphene and strain soliton regions (SP). We propose a geometrical model to explain the 2D lineshape variations, and from it, we estimate the SP width when moving towards the magic angle.
Additional file 7 of Identification of the key flavonoid and lipid synthesis proteins in the pulp of two sea buckthorn cultivars at different developmental stages
Creators: name: Du, Wei
name: Ding, Jian
name: Lu, Shunguang
name: Wen, Xiufeng
name: Hu, Jianzhong
name: Ruan, Chengjiang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 7: Figure S2. QC validation of MS data. (A) Mass error distribution of all identified peptides, (B) Peptide length distribution. The distribution of mass error was near zero and most of them are less than 0.1 Da which means the mass accuracy of the MS data fit the requirement. The length of most peptides distributed between 8 and 16, which agree with the property of tryptic peptides, that means sample preparation reach the standard.
Multiplicity distribution and spectra of negatively charged hadrons in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_nn) = 130 GeV
Creators: name: STAR Collaboration
name: Adler, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The minimum bias multiplicity distribution and the transverse momentum and pseudorapidity distributions for central collisions have been measured for negative hadrons (h-) in Au+Au interactions at sqrt(s_nn) = 130 GeV. The multiplicity density at midrapidity for the 5% most central interactions is dNh-/deta|_{eta = 0} = 280 +- 1(stat)+- 20(syst), an increase per participant of 38% relative to ppbar collisions at the same energy. The mean transverse momentum is 0.508 +- 0.012 GeV/c and is larger than in central Pb+Pb collisions at lower energies. The scaling of the h- yield per participant is a strong function of pt. The pseudorapidity distribution is almost constant within |eta|<1.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Resource Allocation By Rice Farmers in Sri Lanka: A Decision Theoretic Approach
Creators: name: Herath, H. M. Gamini
name: Herath, H. M. Gamini
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1981
Subjects: International Development

description: Too often, tests of economic rationality of agricultural producers are based on the assumption of profit maximization and certainty of outcomes of production decisions (Hopper; and Yotopoulos). However, multiple goals and uncertainties may be relevant to the decisionmaker. Consequently, single goal models under certainty are not always a realistic approach to the decision process and may not provide a farmer with an acceptable solution. Progress in using multiple goals and uncertainties in decision models has been slowed by the difficulty of incorporating multiple goals and uncertainties into analytical models. However, with the development of decision theory, procedures became available that permit explicit incorporation of uncertainties and multiple goals. Decision theory describes how a rational decisonmaker ought to behave given his beliefs and preferences. Whether or not the model explains the behaviour of peasant farmers can only be answered by empirical tests. The objectives of this study are: (1) to compare alternative theories of choice (single attribute utility maximization, multiattribute utility maximization, and expected profit maximization in terms of their abilities to explain and predict actual resource allocation decisions of producers, and (2) to explore implications for policy decisionmakers of the impact of and uncertainty on farmers' choices. The present research was conducted on a sample of rice farmers in Sri Lanka.
Views and Understandings of an Exemplary Secondary Science Teacher using Inquiry Instruction: A Case Study in England
Creators: name: Shah, Hardeek H.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2015
Subjects: Inquiry Instruction
Secondary Science
Case Study
Empirical
Student Learning

description: The author may be contacted at the following email address: hardeek.shah@cantab.net
description: Inquiry instruction improves student learning, yet in the USA robust research shows secondary science teachers struggle to grasp inquiry. In 2015, academies are urging American teachers to come to a clear understanding of inquiry as a new framework gets adopted in the USA. Notably, this framework is akin to the National Curriculum in England, a country in which inquiry has received little attention. I use this opportunity to design a pilot study, and an instrumental case study, in England to illustrate the views and understandings of one exemplary secondary science teacher on inquiry as well as on factors influencing inquiry teaching. I draw on data sources—interviews, observations, vignettes, and artefacts—collected over a period of three months. I use inductive analysis to suggest five themes: (1) inquiry is an independent activity for students; (2) inquiry is a way to explore a topic and reveal misconceptions for teachers; (3) student knowledge and behaviour promotes inquiry; (4) absence of school resources constrains inquiry; and (5) a drive to show measurable attainment constrains inquiry. I find the teacher sharing rich inquiry activities and suggesting inquiry might have layers of independence and complexity. This empirical work could also have relevance to USA teachers in presenting a perspective on inquiry for preparing students. From my findings, I shape fresh ideas for teachers. I close by lending insight on considering a shared understanding of inquiry and directions for future research.
description: I thank Homerton College for a Research Grant Award.
Supplementary Appendix from Theory of the flow-induced deformation of shallow compliant microchannels with thick walls
Creators: name: Xiaojia Wang
name: Christov, Ivan C.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mechanical Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering
subject: 91306 Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS)
subject: 10299 Applied Mathematics not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The Supplementary Appendix discusses the case of moderate thicknesses and effect on the corresponding boundary conditions.
On-demand augmentation in heat transfer of Taylor bubble flows using ferrofluids
Creators: name: Shah, Ram Krishna
name: Khandekar, Sameer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The thermo-fluidic transport characteristics of ferrofluids can be influenced by the application of a magnetic field. The magnetic manipulations of ferrofluids have been useful in augmenting heat transfer, as evident from recent investigations. In the present study, we examine a novel strategy for augmenting two-phase heat transfer and show that the magnetic manipulation of non-boiling Taylor bubble flow (TBF) of ferrofluids can provide on-demand augmentation. In an earlier investigation (DOI:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124589), we had shown that the characteristics of the TBF of ferrofluids could be altered through external magnetic manipulations. As transport characteristics of TBFs primarily depend on their flow morphology, it was anticipated that such alteration would affect their thermal transport characteristics, which are examined in the present work. The generation of smaller bubbles and unit-cells through magnetic manipulations decreases the void fraction of the resulting TBF. In addition, a greater number of units participated in the heat exchange process compared to larger bubble-slug systems at any time instance. Such flow modifications cause considerable augmentation (which can go up to 100%) in two-phase heat transfer. The extent of augmentation depends on the applied magnetic field and induced magnetic force, homogeneous gas fraction, liquid film thickness/void fraction and flow morphology of the resulting TBF, which are examined in the present study. The application of ferrofluids in TBFs provides multiple benefits, such as suspension of nanoparticles with better thermal properties and additional functionality of the flow manipulations through external means. The proposed application with the suggested manipulation technique provides an effective alternative for an on-demand augmentation in two-phase heat transfer in low Reynolds number flows.
Additional file 3 of Identification of the key flavonoid and lipid synthesis proteins in the pulp of two sea buckthorn cultivars at different developmental stages
Creators: name: Du, Wei
name: Ding, Jian
name: Lu, Shunguang
name: Wen, Xiufeng
name: Hu, Jianzhong
name: Ruan, Chengjiang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 3: Table S3. LC-MS/MS parameters and quantitative information of flavonoids.
The Density Profile of Cluster-scale Dark Matter Halos
Creators: name: Dahle, Haakon
name: Hannestad, Steen
name: Sommer-Larsen, Jesper
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measure the average gravitational shear profile of 6 massive clusters (M_vir ~ 10^15 M_sun) at z=0.3 out to a radius ~2h^-1 Mpc. The measurements are fitted to a generalized NFW-like halo model ρ(r) with an arbitrary r -> 0 slope α. The data are well fitted by such a model with a central cusp with α~ 0.9 - 1.6 (68% confidence interval). For the standard-NFW case α= 1.0, we find a concentration parameter c_vir that is consistent with recent predictions from high-resolution CDM N-body simulations. Our data are also well fitted by an isothermal sphere model with a softened core. For this model, our 1σupper limit for the core radius corresponds to a limit σ_star \leq 0.1 cm^2 g^-1 on the elastic collision cross-section in a self-interacting dark matter model.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures; version accepted for publication by ApJ Letters. Three figures omitted to allow space for new fig. 3 and expanded results and discussion sections, including NSIS model fit
Type Ia SN 2019ein: New Insights into the Similarities and diversities among High-Velocity SNe Ia
Creators: name: Kawabata, Miho
name: Maeda, Keiichi
name: Yamanaka, Masayuki
name: Nakaoka, Tatsuya
name: Kawabata, Koji
name: Adachi, Ryo
name: Akitaya, Hiroshi
name: Burgaz, Umut
name: Hanayama, Hidekazu
name: Horiuchi, Takashi
name: Hosokawa, Ryohei
name: Iida, Kota
name: Imazato, Fumiya
name: Isogai, Keisuke
name: Jiang, Ji-an
name: Katoh, Noriyuki
name: Kimura, Hiroki
name: Kino, Masaru
name: Kuroda, Daisuke
name: Maehara, Hiroyuki
name: Matsubayashi, Kazuya
name: Morihana, Kumiko
name: Murata, Katsuhiro
name: Nagao, Takashi
name: Niwano, Masafumi
name: Nogami, Daisaku
name: Oeda, Motoki
name: Ono, Tatsuharu
name: Onozato, Hiroki
name: Otsuka, Masaaki
name: Saito, Tomoki
name: Sasada, Mahito
name: Shiraishi, Kazuki
name: Sugiyama, Haruki
name: Taguchi, Kenta
name: Takahashi, Jun
name: Takagi, Kengo
name: Takagi, Seiko
name: Takayama, Masaki
name: Tozuka, Miyako
name: Sekiguchi, Kazuhiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present optical observations of type Ia supernova (SN) 2019ein, starting at 2 days after the estimated explosion date. The spectra and the light curves show that SN 2019ein belongs to the High-Velocity (HV) and Bload Line groups with relatively rapid decline in the light curves (Delta m15(B) = 1.36 +- 0.02 mag) and the short rise time (15.37 +- 0.55 days). The Si II 6355 velocity, associated with a photospheric component but not with a detached high-velocity feature, reached ~ 20,000 km s-1 at 12 days before the B-band maximum. The line velocity however decreased very rapidly and smoothly toward the maximum light, where it was ~ 13,000 km s-1 as relatively low among HV SNe. This indicates that the speed of the spectral evolution of HV SNe Ia is correlated not only to the velocity at the maximum light, but also to the light curve decline rate like the case for Normal-Velocity (NV) SNe Ia. Spectral synthesis modeling shows that the outermost layer at > 17,000 km s-1 is well described by the O-Ne-C burning layer extending to at least 25,000 km s-1, and there is no unburnt carbon below 30,000 km s-1; these properties are largely consistent with the delayed detonation scenario, and are shared with the prototypical HV SN 2002bo despite the large difference in Delta m15(B). This structure is strikingly different from that derived for the well-studied NV SN 2011fe. We suggest that the relation between the mass of 56Ni (or Delta m15) and the extent of the O-Ne-C burning layer provides an important constraint on the explosion mechanism(s) of HV and NV SNe.
description: 15 pages, 12 figres, Accepted to ApJ
Additional file 6 of Identification of the key flavonoid and lipid synthesis proteins in the pulp of two sea buckthorn cultivars at different developmental stages
Creators: name: Du, Wei
name: Ding, Jian
name: Lu, Shunguang
name: Wen, Xiufeng
name: Hu, Jianzhong
name: Ruan, Chengjiang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 6: Figure S1. Fruit characteristics of XE (A) and SJ (B) cultivars.
Nematic Ordering Problem As Polymer Excluded Volume One
Creators: name: Yakunin, Andrei N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The new method of the mean-field approximation is extended. An approach which enables to estimate some parameters of the transition from the isotropic state of hard sticks to the nematic ordering phase is suggested. An technique of the investigation of the model jointed to the so-called polymer excluded volume problem is proposed. The critical exponents are estimated. The transition of a swelling polymer coil to ideal is revealed as the polymerization degree of the chain increases. The entanglement concentration obtained is in accordance with experimental data for polymers with flexible chains. The number of monomers between neighbor entanglements assumes to be the ratio of the stick length to its diameter. The comparison of the theory with experimental data is made.
description: 11 pages, 13 references
Observation of eta-mesic nuclei in photoreactions: results and perspectives
Creators: name: Sokol, G. A.
name: L'vov, A. I.
name: Pavlyuchenko, L. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent results from the LPI experiment on searching for eta-mesic nuclei in photoreactions are discussed and further perspectives are summarized.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures. Talk given by G.A.S. at NSTAR01, Mainz, Germany
A Possible Explanation for the Blue Spectral Slope Observed on B-type Asteroids
Creators: name: Loeffler, Mark J.
name: Prince, Beau S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In an effort to better understand the role dark material plays in the reflectance spectrum of carbonaceous asteroids, we performed laboratory studies focusing on quantifying how the addition of relevant dark material (graphite, magnetite and troilite) can alter the ultraviolet-visible and near-infrared spectrum of a neutral silicate mineral. We find that addition of graphite, magnetite and troilite all darken the reflectance spectrum of our forsterite samples and cause the spectral slope to decrease (become blue). These spectral changes can be caused by both nm- and micron-sized grains. In the ultraviolet-visible region, we find that graphite is most efficient at altering the spectral slope, while in the near-infrared, magnetite is the most efficient. At all wavelengths studied, graphite is the most efficient at darkening our sample spectrum. However, the observation that troilite also alters the slope and albedo of our samples suggests that the spectral changes caused by magnetite and graphite may not be unique. In addition, we find that the spectral slopes in our mixtures compare generally well to what has been observed on Bennu suggesting that a significant portion of fine-grained dark material, including sulfides, present in the regolith can cause the observed negative (blue) slope found on B-type asteroids.
The Massive Wolf-Rayet Binary SMC WR7
Creators: name: Niemela, V. S.
name: Massey, P.
name: Testor, G.
name: Benitez, S. Gimenez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of optical spectra of the Wolf--Rayet star AzV 336a (= SMC WR7) in the Small Magellanic Cloud. Our study is based on data obtained at several Observatories between 1988 and 2001. We find SMC WR7 to be a double lined WN+O6 spectroscopic binary with an orbital period of 19.56 days. The radial velocities of the He absorption lines of the O6 component and the strong He{\sc ii} emission at $λ$4686Åof the WN component describe antiphased orbital motions. However, they show a small phase shift of $\sim$ 1 day. We discuss possible explanations for this phase shift. The amplitude of the radial velocity variations of He {\sc ii} emission is twice that of the absorption lines. The binary components have fairly high minimum masses, $\sim$ 18 $\modot$ and 34 $\modot$ for the WN and O6 components, respectively.
description: Accepted by MNRAS
Novel integrated computational approach for designing Fe-Ni-based alloys
Creators: name: Sawada, Masayoshi
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: high temperature alloy
gamma prime
alloy design
Fe-Ni-based alloy
precipitate
strengthening
superalloy
genetic algorithm

description: A novel computational approach for designing high temperature alloys is proposed; the approach incorporates properties prediction and optimisation. As for properties prediction, microstructural parameters, such as the volume fraction and precipitate size after heat treatment (replicating the service conditions of automobile sealing parts) were thermokinetically calculated by adopting phase transformation software. The associated yield stress was then predicted using classical strengthening theories: solid solution, grain boundary and precipitation strengthenings. These calculations were integrated with a genetic algorithm (GA) for searching the optimal chemical compositions considering not only the strength after a long time heat treatment but also cost and producibility constraints. The calculation parameters for the GA, such as population size and mutation ratio, were also considered. The alloy designed by the computer-aided approach described above was produced and validated. The designed alloy (Fe-opt) whose composition is Fe-33Ni-15.5Cr-1.6Al-0.3Nb-2.8Ti-3.7W-0.9Co-0.01C are proved to have the high strength after a long time high temperature exposure due to finely dispersed precipitates, $\gamma^{\prime}$, although the strength is not as high as expected from the calculation. The microstructure analysis suggests that W in the designed alloy has a negative influence on the mechanical properties of the alloy by forming coarse Laves phases on the grain boundaries. Therefore, the alloy sheet, with the same composition of Fe-opt but without W (Fe-opt2) was prepared and examined. Fe-opt2 has higher strength than Fe-opt and than more expensive Ni-based superalloys, such as Alloy 718Plus. The integrated approach conducted in this study has successfully provided an efficient and effective alloy design methodology. This approach can be widely adopted for use in many fields beyond high-temperature alloys by adopting suitable thermokinetic databases and strengthening modelling approaches.
description: Nippon steel
Properties of Quasar-Galaxy Associations and Gravitational Mesolensing by Halo Objects
Creators: name: Bukhmastova, Yu. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new catalog of 8382 close quasar-galaxy pairs is presented. The catalog was composed using published catalogs of quasars and active galactic nuclei containing 11358 objects, as well as the LEDA catalog of galaxies, which contains on the order of 100 thousand objects. The search for pairs was carried out in such a way that the linear distance between the galaxy and projected quasar does not exceed 150kpc. Based on these new data, the dependence of the number of pairs on a=z_G/z_Q is analysed, where z_G and z_Q are the redshifts of the galaxy and quasar, respectively, revealing an excess of pairs with a<0.1 and a>0.9. This means that the galaxies in pairs are preferably located close to either the observer or the quasar and avoid intermediate distances along the line of sight to the quasar. Computer simulations demonstrate that it is not possible to explain this number of pairs with the observed distribution in a as the result of chance positional coincidences with a uniform spatial distribution of galaxies. Data on globular clusters show that the excess of pairs with a<0.1 and a>0.9 is consistent with the hypothesis that we are observing distant compact objects that are strongly gravitationally lensed by transparent lenses with a King mass distribution located in the halos of nearby galaxies. The Hubble diagram for galaxies and quasars is presented. Observational tests of the mesolensing hypothesis are formulated.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
Models for velocity decrease in HH34
Creators: name: Zaninetti, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The conservation of the energy flux in turbulent jets that propagate in the interstellar medium (ISM) allows us to deduce the law of motion when an inverse power law decrease of density is considered. The back-reaction that is caused by the radiative losses for the trajectory is evaluated. The velocity dependence of the jet with time/space is applied to the jet of HH34, for which the astronomical data of velocity versus time/space are available. The introduction of precession and constant velocity for the central star allows us to build a curved trajectory for the superjet connected with HH34. The bow shock that is visible in the superjet is explained in the framework of the theory of the image in the case of an optically thin layer.
description: 17 pages and 14 figures
Investigating the effects of tau mutations in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons
Creators: name: Ostick, Janine Louise
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: tau
mapt
ipsc

description: Microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) is a neuronal protein which promotes microtubule assembly and stabilisation. The MAPT gene is alternatively spliced to give six tau isoforms: three with 3 microtubule-binding repeats (3R, excluding exon 10) and three with 4 microtubule-binding repeats (4R, including exon 10). MAPT mutations cause the progressive, degenerative disorder fronto-temporal dementia with Parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17T), in which tau becomes abnormally phosphorylated and aggregates. FTDP-17T related MAPT mutations can either alter exon 10 splicing and the 3R:4R tau isoform ratio (such as N279K), or affect tau’s biochemical properties (such as P301L and V337M). In this project, I differentiated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from control subjects and people with the N279K or V337M MAPT mutations to monolayer neurons. There was an increase in the proportion of neurons containing tau phosphorylated at the AT8 epitope in N279K cultures after 50 days, and more 4R tau was detected earlier in the N279K cultures than in controls, confirming the action of the N279K mutation. All monolayer neural cultures matured at similar rates in terms of synapse formation, neuronal marker expression and astrocyte production, and I did not detect other FTDP-17T-relevant phenotypes in MAPT-mutant cultures, perhaps due to the time points (50 and 80-100 days) at which I examined them. To investigate the effects of the N279K mutation independent of iPSC line genetic background, I attempted to create isogenic iPSC lines using CRISPR. This was not successful, but I obtained isogenic control and P301L iPSCs from Axol Bioscience, from which, along with the patient-derived P301L MAPT-mutant iPSCs, I made cerebral organoids (COs). Similar amounts of neuronal, astrocyte, and synaptic proteins were detected in the control and MAPT-mutant COs, as were cortical layer markers indicating a forebrain-like fate. Phosphorylation at the AT8 epitope was detected in the control and MAPT-mutant COs, as was tau misfolding, detected using the MC-1 antibody. In conclusion, some alterations similar to those observed in FTDP-17T brains can be observed in monolayer iPSC-derived neurons and perhaps in iPSC-derived COs. However, some phenotypes may be masked by experimental variability which needs to be addressed in the future.
description: Funded by the MRC-DTP and the Sackler Foundation
Quantum Depinning of a Magnetic Skyrmion
Creators: name: Psaroudaki, Christina
name: Loss, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the quantum depinning of a weakly driven skyrmion out of an impurity potential in a mesoscopic magnetic insulator. For small barrier height, the Magnus force dynamics dominates over the inertial one, and the problem is reduced to a massless charged particle in a strong magnetic field. The universal form of the WKB exponent, the rate of tunneling, and the crossover temperature between thermal and quantum tunneling is provided, independently of the detailed form of the pinning potential. The results are discussed in terms of macroscopic parameters of the insulator Cu2OSeO3 and various skyrmion radii. We demonstrate that small enough magnetic skyrmions, with a radius of ~ 10 lattice sites, consisting of some thousands of spins, can behave as quantum objects at low temperatures in the mK regime.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Food Recognition in Assessing the Mediterranean Diet: A Hierarchical Approach
Creators: name: Papathanail, I.
name: Lu, Y.
name: Stathopoulou, T.
name: Ghosh, A.
name: Fäh, D.
name: Mougiakakou, S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Poster: Food Recognition in Assessing the Mediterranean Diet: A Hierarchical Approach
Observation of a Strongly-Interacting Degenerate Fermi Gas of Atoms
Creators: name: O'Hara, K. M.
name: Hemmer, S. L.
name: Gehm, M. E.
name: Granade, S. R.
name: Thomas, J. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the observation of a highly-degenerate, strongly-interacting Fermi gas of atoms. Fermionic $^6$Li atoms in an optical trap are evaporatively cooled to degeneracy using a magnetic field to induce strong, resonant interactions. Upon abruptly releasing the cloud from the trap, the gas is observed to expand rapidly in the transverse direction while remaining nearly stationary in the axial. We interpret the expansion dynamics in terms of collisionless superfluid and collisional hydrodynamics. For the data taken at the longest evaporation times, we find that collisional hydrodynamics does not provide a satisfactory explanation, while superfluidity is plausible.
description: 5 pages. Version 2 corrected bibliography
QFT Entanglement Entropy, 2D Fermion and Gauge Fields
Creators: name: Kim, Bom Soo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Entanglement and the Rényi entropies for Dirac fermions on 2 dimensional torus in the presence of chemical potential, current source, and topological Wilson loop are unified in a single framework by exhausting all the ingredients of the electromagnetic vertex operators of $\mathbb{Z}_n$ orbifold conformal field theory. We employ different normalizations for different topological sectors to organize various topological phase transitions in the context of entanglement entropy. Pictorial representations for the topological transitions are given for the $n=2$ Rényi entropy. Our analytic computations reveal numerous novelties and provide resolutions for existing issues. We have settled to provide non-singular entanglement entropies that are also continuous across the topological sectors. Surprisingly, in infinite space, these entropies become exact and depend only on the Wilson loop. On a circle, we resolve to find the entropies subtly depend on the chemical potential at zero temperature, which is useful for probing the ground state energy levels of quantum systems.
description: 7+3 pages, 7 figures. Here entanglement entropy is continuous across the Wilson loop topological transitions, while arXiv:1705.01859 realizes its discontinuous version
Sustained coherent spin wave emission using frequency combs
Creators: name: Awad, A. A.
name: Muralidhar, S.
name: Alemán, A.
name: Khymyn, R.
name: Dvornik, M.
name: Hanstorp, D.
name: Åkerman, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate sustained coherent emission of spin waves in NiFe films using rapid demagnetization from high repetition rate femtosecond laser pulse trains. As the pulse separation is shorter than the magnon decay time, magnons having a frequency equal to a multiple of the 1 GHz repetition-rate are coherently amplified. Using scanning micro-Brillouin Light Scattering (BLS) we observe this coherent amplification as strong peaks spaced 1 GHz apart. The BLS counts vs. laser power exhibit a stronger than parabolic dependence consistent with counts being proportional to the square of the magnetodynamic amplitude, and the demagnetization pulse strength being described by a Bloch law. Spatial spin wave mapping demonstrates how both localized and propagating spin waves can be excited, and how the propagation direction can be directly controlled. Our results demonstrate the versatility of BLS spectroscopy for rapid demagnetization studies and enable a new platform for photo-magnonics where sustained coherent spin waves can be utilized.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures
Episimus submicans Brown 2009
Creators: name: Brown, John W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Tortricidae
Episimus
Episimus submicans

description: Key to males of the submicans group based on genitalia
1. Setae from basal one-third of valva dramatically asymmetrical from left to right side, with extremely elongate setae on left valva (greater than half the length of valva), and fewer, much shorter setae on right valva (Figs. 25-27)...... 2
- Setae from basal one-third of valva essentially symmetrical from left to right side, with setae less than one-half the length of valva.............................................................................................................................................................. 4
2. Basal process of the valva> 3 times as long as wide, narrowed distally (Figs. 26, 27)............................................... 3
 - Basal process of the valva <3 times as long as wide, more or less uniformly in width or slightly narrowed subbasally.................................................................................................................................................................... 1. submicans
 3. Distal end of phallus with flattened flange (Fig. 27), lacking thorns.........................................................3. peruviana
 - Distal end of phallus without flattened flange, with one or two minute thorns (Fig. 26)............................2. synchysis
 4. Uncus with anterior edge straight; posterior edge of tegumen with deep lateral notch (Fig. 30).............. 6. cacaulana
- Uncus with anterior edge rounded; posterior edge of tegumen with shallow lateral notch......................................... 5
 5. Socius in the form of a conspicuous, rounded, pendant lobe; subbasal patch of setae a dense, compact cluster (Fig. 31)............................................................................................................................................................7. macrosocia
- Socii short, membranous, reduced to a patch of fine hairlike bristles; subbasal patch of setae more sparse, not forming a compact cluster..................................................................................................................................................... 6
 6. Distal setae of incurved process from mid-valva as long as process, projecting ventrally (Fig. 29)............. 5. vulgaris
 - Distal setae of incurved process from mid-valva shorter than process, projecting outward-laterally (Fig. 28)................................................................................................................................................................................4. aquilonaris
description: Published as part of Brown, John W., 2009, The discovery of Megalota in the Neotropics, with a revision of the New World species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutini), pp. 1-50 in Zootaxa 2279 (1) on page 7, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2279.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5307538
Charged-particle pseudorapidity density distributions from Au+Au collisions at sqrt(sNN)=130 GeV
Creators: name: PHOBOS Collaboration
name: Back, B. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The charged-particle pseudorapidity density dNch/deta has been measured for Au+Au collisions at sqrt(sNN)=130 GeV at RHIC, using the PHOBOS apparatus. The total number of charged particles produced for the 3% most central Au+Au collisions for |eta|<=5.4 is found to be 4200+-470. The evolution of dNch/deta with centrality is discussed, and compared to model calculations and to data from proton-induced collisions. The data show an enhancement in charged-particle production at mid-rapidity, while in the fragmentation regions, the results are consistent with expectations from pp and pA scattering.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
BOSHLANG'ICH SINF O'QUVCHILARINING INGLIZ TILIDA YOZISH KO'NIKMALARINI RIVOJLANTIRISH UCHUN TAVSIYALAR
Creators: name: Abduxalimova, Sevaraxon
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Ushbu maqola maktablarda, boshlang’ich sinflarda yosh bolalar bilan ishlash, ularga ingliz tilida yaxshiroq ta’lim olishlari uchun, xususan, chet tilida yozish ko’nikmalarini mukammalroq o’zlashtirishlari uchun zarur bo’lgan o’qitish usullari va zamonaviy yondashuv keng muhokama qilingan.
Subaru Deep Survey II. Luminosity Functions and Clustering Properties of Lya Emitters at z=4.86 in the Subaru Deep Field
Creators: name: Ouchi, M.
name: Shimasaku, K.
name: Furusawa, H.
name: Miyazaki, M.
name: Doi, M.
name: Hamabe, M.
name: Hayashino, T.
name: Kimura, M.
name: Kodaira, K.
name: Komiyama, Y.
name: Matsuda, Y.
name: Miyazaki, S.
name: Nakata, F.
name: Okamura, S.
name: Sekiguchi, M.
name: Shioya, Y.
name: Tamura, H.
name: Taniguchi, Y.
name: Yagi, M.
name: Yasuda, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on early results from deep and wide-field narrow-band imaging on a 543 arcmin^2 area of the Subaru Deep Field. We find 87 Lya emitters (LAEs) at z=4.86(+/-0.03) which are photometrically selected by a combination of two broad bands (R and i') and one narrow band (NB711; 7126A FWHM=73A). We derive the luminosity functions (LFs) of the LAEs at Lya luminosity and at UV-continuum (1700A) luminosity. The LFs show little evolution between z=3.4 and z=4.86 either in Lya or UV-continuum emission. The amplitude of the LAE LF tends to decline at the bright magnitudes more rapidly than that of the LBG LF at similar redshifts. We calculate the angular correlation function of our LAEs up to ~15 arcmin separations. The angular correlation w(theta) is found to increase with decreasing angular separations, showing a clear signal of clustering. It is also found that the distribution of LAEs shows a large density gradient with a scale of >~15 arcmin, which would indicate the existence of a large-scale structure of LAEs on >~20h^(-1) Mpc scales.We fit the observed correlation function by Aw theta^(-0.8) to find Aw=29arcsec^(0.8). The estimated correlation length is r0=3.5(+/-0.3)h^(-1)Mpc in comoving units (Omega_m=0.3 and Omega_Lambda=0.7), which is slightly larger than the value for z~4 LBGs with i'<26. We calculate the angular correlation function for two sub-samples of the 87 LAEs divided by Lya luminosity, UV-continuum luminosity, and Lya equivalent width (EW). The Lya bright sub-sample shows a larger correlation amplitude than the Lya faint sub-sample, while no significant difference is found for the sub-samples divided by UV-continuum luminosity or EW.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ. High resolution versions of Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 are available at http://ichou.astron.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~ouchi/work/0202204fig23.tar.gz
Evaporation of volatile droplets subjected to flame-like conditions
Creators: name: Both, Ambrus
name: Mira, Daniel
name: Lehmkuhl, Oriol
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work assesses Lagrangian droplet evaporation models frequently used in spray combustion simulations, with the purpose of identifying the influence of modeling decisions on the single droplet behavior. Besides more simplistic models, the evaluated strategies include a simple method to incorporate Stefan flow effects in the heat transfer (Bird's correction), a method to consider the interaction of Stefan flow with the heat and mass transfer films (Abramzon-Sirignano model), and a method to incorporate non-equilibrium thermodynamics (Langmuir-Knudsen model). The importance of each phenomena is quantified analytically and numerically under various conditions. Evaporation models ignoring Stefan flow are found to be invalid under the studied conditions. The Langmuir-Knudsen model is also deemed inadequate for high temperature evaporation, while Bird's correction and the Abramzon-Sirignano model are identified as the most relevant for numerical studies of spray combustion systems. Latter is the most elaborate model studied here, as it considers Reynolds number effects beyond the empirical correlation of Ranz and Marshall derived for low-transfer rates. Thus, the Abramzon-Sirignano model is identified as the state of the art alternative in the scope of this study.
description: 46 pages, 16 figures
F_B from moving B mesons
Creators: name: Collins, S.
name: Cowan, G.
name: Davies, C. T. H.
name: Hein, J.
name: Lepage, G. P.
name: Morningstar, C.
name: Shigemitsue, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show results for the B meson decay constant calculated both for B mesons at rest and those with non-zero momentum and using both the temporal and spatial components of the axial vector current. It is an important check of lattice systematic errors that all these determinations of f_B should agree. We also describe how well different smearings for the B meson work at non-zero momentum - the optimal smearing has a narrow smearing for the b quark.
description: Lattice2001(heavyquark)
Resolving Camera Position for a Practical Application of Gaze Estimation on Edge Devices
Creators: name: Van Ma, Linh
name: Tran, Tin Trung
name: Jeon, Moongu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Most Gaze estimation research only works on a setup condition that a camera perfectly captures eyes gaze. They have not literarily specified how to set up a camera correctly for a given position of a person. In this paper, we carry out a study on gaze estimation with a logical camera setup position. We further bring our research in a practical application by using inexpensive edge devices with a realistic scenario. That is, we first set up a shopping environment where we want to grasp customers gazing behaviors. This setup needs an optimal camera position in order to maintain estimation accuracy from existing gaze estimation research. We then apply the state-of-the-art of few-shot learning gaze estimation to reduce training sampling in the inference phase. In the experiment, we perform our implemented research on NVIDIA Jetson TX2 and achieve a reasonable speed, 12 FPS which is faster compared with our reference work, without much degradation of gaze estimation accuracy. The source code is released at https://github.com/linh-gist/GazeEstimationTX2.
description: 6 pages, 11 figures, conference paper