cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
An upper limit to the secular variation of the gravitational constant from white dwarf stars
Creators: name: García-Berro, Enrique
name: Lorén-Aguilar, Pablo
name: Torres, Santiago
name: Althaus, Leandro G.
name: Isern, Jordi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A variation of the gravitational constant over cosmological ages modifies the main sequence lifetimes and white dwarf cooling ages. Using an state-of-the-art stellar evolutionary code we compute the effects of a secularly varying G on the main sequence ages and, employing white dwarf cooling ages computed taking into account the effects of a running G, we place constraints on the rate of variation of Newton's constant. This is done using the white dwarf luminosity function and the distance of the well studied open Galactic cluster NGC 6791. We derive an upper bound G'/G ~ -1.8 10^{-12} 1/yr. This upper limit for the secular variation of the gravitational constant compares favorably with those obtained using other stellar evolutionary properties, and can be easily improved if deep images of the cluster allow to obtain an improved white dwarf luminosity function.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in JCAP
The Transition to Superrotation in Terrestrial Atmospheres
Creators: name: Mitchell, Jonathan L.
name: Vallis, Geoffrey K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that by changing a single non-dimensional number, the thermal Rossby number, global atmospheric simulations with only axisymmetric forcing pass from an Earth-like atmosphere to a superrotating atmosphere that more resembles the atmospheres of Venus or Titan. The transition to superrotation occurs under conditions in which equatorward-propagating Rossby waves generated by baroclinic instability at intermediate and high latitudes are suppressed, which will occur when the deformation radius exceeds the planetary radius. At large thermal Rossby numbers following an initial, nearly axisymmetric phase, a global baroclinic wave of zonal wavenumber one generated by mixed barotropic-baroclinic instability dominates the eddy flux of zonal momentum. The global wave converges eastward zonal momentum to the equator and deposits westward momentum at intermediate latitudes during spinup and before superrotation emerges, and the baroclinic instability ceases once superrotation is established. A global barotropic mode of zonal wavenumber one generated by a mix of high- and low-latitude barotropic instability is responsible for maintaining superrotation in the statistically steady state. At intermediate thermal Rossby numbers, momentum flux by the global baroclinic mode is subdominant relative to smaller baroclinic modes, and thus strong superrotation does not develop.
description: accepted for publication in JGR-Planets
32070: Protesting in Oxford
Creators: name: Project, Lockdown2020 and Beyond
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 479999
subject: Other language, communication and culture not elsewhere classified

description: The world is gripped in shockwaves of hurt and anger about the recent death of George Floyd and the issue of racism. At this influential time, protesting is a valuable way to use this momentum to push for systemic change. It's not clear to me whether I should do this and risk spreading the disease. It is a tragedy that people need to choose between missing an opportunity to fix a horrible system of state violence, and not spreading a dangerous pandemic.
Kriging Riemannian Data via Random Domain Decompositions
Creators: name: Menafoglio, Alessandra
name: Pigoli, Davide
name: Secchi, Piercesare
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Data taking value on a Riemannian manifold and observed over a complex spatial domain are becoming more frequent in applications, for example, in environmental sciences and in geoscience. The analysis of these data needs to rely on local models to account for the nonstationarity of the generating random process, the nonlinearity of the manifold, and the complex topology of the domain. In this article, we propose to use a random domain decomposition approach to estimate an ensemble of local models and then to aggregate the predictions of the local models through Fréchet averaging. The algorithm is introduced in complete generality and is valid for data belonging to any smooth Riemannian manifold but it is then described in details for the case of the manifold of positive definite matrices, the hypersphere and the Cholesky manifold. The predictive performances of the method are explored via simulation studies for covariance matrices and correlation matrices, where the Cholesky manifold geometry is used. Finally, the method is illustrated on an environmental dataset observed over the Chesapeake Bay (USA). Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Model-Independent Determination of $H_0$ and $Ω_{K,0}$ using Time-Delay Galaxy Lenses and Gamma-Ray Bursts
Creators: name: Du, Shen-Shi
name: Wei, Jun-Jie
name: You, Zhi-Qiang
name: Chen, Zu-Cheng
name: Zhu, Zong-Hong
name: Liang, En-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Combining the `time-delay distance' ($D_{Δt}$) measurements from galaxy lenses and other distance indicators provides model-independent determinations of the Hubble constant ($H_0$) and spatial curvature ($Ω_{K,0}$), only based on the validity of the Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metric and geometrical optics. To take the full merit of combining $D_{Δt}$ measurements in constraining $H_0$, we use gamma-ray burst (GRB) distances to extend the redshift coverage of lensing systems much higher than that of Type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia) and even higher than quasars, whilst the general cosmography with a curvature component is implemented for the GRB distance parametrizations. Combining Lensing+GRB yields $H_0=71.5^{+4.4}_{-3.0}$~km s$^{-1}$Mpc$^{-1}$ and $Ω_{K,0} = -0.07^{+0.13}_{-0.06}$ (1$σ$). A flat-universe prior gives slightly an improved $H_0 = 70.9^{+4.2}_{-2.9}$~km s$^{-1}$Mpc$^{-1}$. When combining Lensing+GRB+SN Ia, the error bar $ΔH_0$ falls by 25\%, whereas $Ω_{K,0}$ is not improved due to the degeneracy between SN Ia absolute magnitude, $M_B$, and $H_0$ along with the mismatch between the SN Ia and GRB Hubble diagrams at $z\gtrsim 1.4$. Future increment of GRB observations can help to moderately eliminate the $M_B-H_0$ degeneracy in SN Ia distances and ameliorate the restrictions on cosmographic parameters along with $Ω_{K,0}$ when combining Lensing+SN Ia+GRB. We conclude that there is no evidence of significant deviation from a (an) flat (accelerating) universe and $H_0$ is currently determined at 3\% precision. The measurements show great potential to arbitrate the $H_0$ tension between the local distance ladder and cosmic microwave background measurements and provide a relevant consistency test of the FLRW metric.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Multipolar model of bremsstrahlung accompanying proton-decay of nuclei
Creators: name: Maydanyuk, Sergei P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Emission of bremsstrahlung photons accompanying proton decay of nuclei is studied. The new improved multipolar model describing such a process is presented. The angular formalism of calculations of the matrix elements is stated in details. The bremsstrahlung probabilities for the $^{157}{\rm Ta}$, $^{161}{\rm Re}$, $^{167}{\rm Ir}$ and $^{185}{\rm Bi}$ nuclei decaying from the $2s_{1/2}$ state, the $^{109}_{53}{\rm I}_{56}$ and $^{112}_{55}{\rm Cs}_{57}$ nuclei decaying from the $1d_{5/2}$ state, the $^{146}_{69}{\rm Tm}_{77}$ and $^{151}_{71}{\rm Lu}_{80}$ nuclei decaying from the $0h_{11/2}$ state are predicted. Such spectra have orders of values similar to the experimental data for the bremsstrahlung photons emitted during the $α$-decay. This indicates on real possibility to study bremsstrahlung photons during proton decay experimentally and perform further measurements.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures
32072: Dating in Lockdown
Creators: name: Project, Lockdown2020 and Beyond
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 479999
subject: Other language, communication and culture not elsewhere classified

description: We aren't going to be bumping into the love of our collective lives whilst picking up some Linda McCartney sausages from Sainsbury's any time soon. Instead, it's time to roll out Tinder, Grindr, or even Hinge if you're feeling professional, and remember once the DM's roll in keep it flirty. Nobody wants someone asking them how their lockdown day was, newsflash - it was probably as boring as yours.
Renormalisation of quark propagators from twisted-mass lattice QCD at $N_f$=2
Creators: name: Blossier, B.
name: Boucaud, Ph.
name: Brinet, M.
name: De Soto, F.
name: Liu, Z.
name: Morenas, V.
name: Pène, O.
name: Petrov, K.
name: Rodríguez-Quintero, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results concerning the non-perturbative evaluation of the renormalisation constant for the quark field, $Z_q$, from lattice simulations with twisted mass quarks and three values of the lattice spacing. We use the RI'-MOM scheme. $Z_q$ has very large lattice spacing artefacts; it is considered here as a test bed to elaborate accurate methods which will be used for other renormalisation constants. We recall and develop the non-perturbative correction methods and propose tools to test the quality of the correction. These tests are also applied to the perturbative correction method. We check that the lattice spacing artefacts scale indeed as $a^2p^2$. We then study the running of $Z_q$ with particular attention to the non-perturbative effects, presumably dominated by the dimension-two gluon condensate $\VEV{A^2}$ in Landau gauge. We show indeed that this effect is present, and not small. We check its scaling in physical units confirming that it is a continuum effect. It gives a $\sim 4%$ contribution at 2 GeV. Different variants are used in order to test the reliability of our result and estimate the systematic uncertainties. Finally combining all our results and using the known Wilson coefficient of $\VEV{A^2}$ we find $g^2(μ^2) \VEV{A^2}_{μ^2\; CM} = 2.01(11)(^{+0.61}_{- 0.73}) \;\mathrm {GeV}^2$ at $μ=10\, \mathrm{GeV}$, in fair agreement within uncertainties with the value indepently extracted from the strong coupling constant.
description: 38 pages, 8 tables, 8 figures
Bayesian inference of solar and stellar magnetic fields in the weak-field approximation
Creators: name: Ramos, A. Asensio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The weak-field approximation is one of the simplest models that allows us to relate the observed polarization induced by the Zeeman effect with the magnetic field vector present on the plasma of interest. It is usually applied for diagnosing magnetic fields in the solar and stellar atmospheres. A fully Bayesian approach to the inference of magnetic properties in unresolved structures is presented. The analytical expression for the marginal posterior distribution is obtained, from which we can obtain statistically relevant information about the model parameters. The role of a-priori information is discussed and a hierarchical procedure is presented that gives robust results that are almost insensitive to the precise election of the prior. The strength of the formalism is demonstrated through an application to IMaX data. Bayesian methods can optimally exploit data from filter-polarimeters given the scarcity of spectral information as compared with spectro-polarimeters. The effect of noise and how it degrades our ability to extract information from the Stokes profiles is analyzed in detail.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Strategic liminality in the U.S.-China security dilemma : how conflicting philosophies of world order can establish points of productive cooperation
Creators: name: Thomas, Morgan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: During the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China held in October of 2017, General Secretary Xi Jinping stated that “the military should make all-out efforts to become a world-class force by 2050 and to strive for the realization of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.” The nature of what Xi means by such a rejuvenation is up for debate and will be the question driving this analysis. The main objective of this thesis is to home in on the ideational influences that Xi Jinping factors into his strategic calculus as they derive meaning from conceptions of world order. The first chapter of this thesis examines a few of the narratives and philosophical discourses that shape and influence both Chinese and American understandings of world order. I have analyzed Xi Jinping’s speeches through an interpretative discourse analysis to parse out points of continuity and discontinuity in Chinese military strategy as it stems from tradition. As Western strategists, more specifically American security policy makers, attempt to make sense of Xi Jinping’s intentions, I argued that concepts of world order play a growing role in Chinese strategic narrative, preferences and culture. Following the work of Alastair Johnston and Andrew Scobell, I contended that the PRC employs a bifurcated strategic culture in which Confucian benevolent virtue is partnered with a realpolitik strand, both of which stem from Chinese history and visions of a proper world order. This thesis lastly examined security policy implications and the proper steps the Pentagon should take given the strategic situation at hand. The extent to which U.S. security officials wish to gauge and understand China’s kinetic military action as it follows PRC grand strategic rhetoric matters greatly for future Sino-American relations. For strategic diplomatic negotiations to occur over highly contested flash-points in the Indo-Asia-Pacific, the US needs to recalibrate its understanding of Chinese strategic culture and intentions as they are influenced by historical and philosophical assessments.
Odd-parity quadrupole order and induced nonreciprocal transport in the kagome metal CsTi$_3$Bi$_5$ driven by quantum interference
Creators: name: Huang, Jianxin
name: Yamakawa, Youichi
name: Tazai, Rina
name: Morimoto, Takahiro
name: Kontani, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Kagome metals present a fascinating platform of quantum phases thanks to the interplay between the geometric frustration and strong electron correlation. Here, we propose the emergence of the electric odd-parity bond order (BO) that originates from the intra-unit-cell odd-parity configuration in recently discovered kagome metal CsTi$_3$Bi$_5$. The predicted E1u BO is induced by the beyond-mean-field mechanism, that is, the quantum interference among different sublattice spin fluctuations. Importantly, the accompanied nematic deformation of the Fermi surface is just ~1% while the intensity of the quasiparticle interference signal exhibits drastic nematic anisotropy, consistent with the scanning tunneling microscope measurements in CsTi$_3$Bi$_5$. The present odd-parity BO triggers interesting phenomena, such as the non-linear Hall effect and emergent electromagnetism.
description: The title have been changed. 14 pages, 15 figures
32073: A Pride Cancelled
Creators: name: Project, Lockdown2020 and Beyond
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 479999
subject: Other language, communication and culture not elsewhere classified

description: Now more than ever we need to let the world know we are still here we are still queer, be it with Instagram live streams of our unabashed dancing or wearing our best pride fits in lockdown we can still show the world who we are and just what it means to be lgbt+. A personal tragedy of the effective cancelation of pride in 2020 is the lack of a month-long party to some of the best hits known to humankind but that can wait till next year.
Algebraic Fourier reconstruction of piecewise smooth functions
Creators: name: Batenkov, Dmitry
name: Yomdin, Yosef
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65T40 (Primary) 65D15 (Secondary)

description: Accurate reconstruction of piecewise-smooth functions from a finite number of Fourier coefficients is an important problem in various applications. The inherent inaccuracy, in particular the Gibbs phenomenon, is being intensively investigated during the last decades. Several nonlinear reconstruction methods have been proposed, and it is by now well-established that the "classical" convergence order can be completely restored up to the discontinuities. Still, the maximal accuracy of determining the positions of these discontinuities remains an open question. In this paper we prove that the locations of the jumps (and subsequently the pointwise values of the function) can be reconstructed with at least "half the classical accuracy". In particular, we develop a constructive approximation procedure which, given the first $k$ Fourier coefficients of a piecewise-$C^{2d+1}$ function, recovers the locations of the jumps with accuracy $\sim k^{-(d+2)}$, and the values of the function between the jumps with accuracy $\sim k^{-(d+1)}$ (similar estimates are obtained for the associated jump magnitudes). A key ingredient of the algorithm is to start with the case of a single discontinuity, where a modified version of one of the existing algebraic methods (due to K.Eckhoff) may be applied. It turns out that the additional orders of smoothness produce a highly correlated error terms in the Fourier coefficients, which eventually cancel out in the corresponding algebraic equations. To handle more than one jump, we propose to apply a localization procedure via a convolution in the Fourier domain.
Darkogenesis
Creators: name: Shelton, Jessie
name: Zurek, Kathryn M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In standard models of baryogenesis and of dark matter, the mechanisms which generate the densities in both sectors are unrelated to each other. In this paper we explore models which generate the baryon asymmetry through the dark matter sector, simultaneously relating the baryon asymmetry to the dark matter density. In the class of models we explore, a dark matter asymmetry is generated in the hidden sector through a first order phase transition. Within the hidden sector, it is easy to achieve a sufficiently strong first order phase transition and large enough $CP $ violation to generate the observed asymmetry. This can happen above or below the electroweak phase transition, but in both cases significantly before the dark matter becomes non-relativistic. We study examples where the Asymmetric Dark Matter density is then transferred to the baryons both through perturbative and non-perturbative communication mechanisms, and show that in both cases cosmological constraints are satisfied while a sufficient baryon asymmetry can be generated.
description: 20 pages, 2 figures
Geometric phases in dressed state quantum computation
Creators: name: Wu, Lian-Ao
name: Bishop, C. Allen
name: Byrd, Mark S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Geometric phases arise naturally in a variety of quantum systems with observable consequences. They also arise in quantum computations when dressed states are used in gating operations. Here we show how they arise in these gating operations and how one may take advantage of the dressed states producing them. Specifically, we show that that for a given, but arbitrary Hamiltonian, and at an arbitrary time τ, there always exists a set of dressed states such that a given gate operation can be performed by the Hamiltonian up to a phase ϕ. The phase is a sum of a dynamical phase and a geometric phase. We illustrate the new phase for several systems.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Experimental Grading Line for Washing, Sizing, and Sorting Sweet Potatoes Before Storage
Creators: name: Kushman, L. J.
name: Hamann, D. D.
name: Brantley, S. A.
name: Kushman, L. J.
name: Hamann, D. D.
name: Brantley, S. A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1977
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: curing and storing sweetpotatoes
subject: experimental grading line
subject: washing
subject: sizing
subject: sorting roots

description: An experimental grading line capable of washing, sizing, and sorting sweetpotatoes before storage was assembled in 1972 and tested in a continuing effort to develop a system that will harvest in bulk and therefore simplify and speed up harvesting, provide an opportunity to sort clean roots under good working conditions, and permit sizing of roots mechanically instead of visually by workers. Field-graded roots were run over the grading line seven times and field-run roots one time at approximately weekly intervals through the harvest season. Washing with water under high pressure adequately cleaned the roots in the absence of brushes, which usually cause injury. In all runs, removal of jumbos, canners, and No. 2's increased the percentage of No. 1's considerably. After grading, not less than 87 percent of the roots met No. 1 grade specifications, and gains in storage space were 17 to 36 percent for field-graded roots and 45 percent for field-run roots. Under good curing conditions and after washing, sizing, and sorting, roots lost about the same amount of weight and were about as free of decay as roots placed directly under curing conditions. When curing conditions were bad, roots washed, sized, and sorted did not keep as well as untreated roots and were in poor condition after storage. Treating roots with hot water (125° F for 2 1/2 minutes) was slightly detrimental to roots and was not necessary because black rot was not present. Chlorine in the dump washer (75 to 100 parts per million) or in the hot-water tank (30 to 50 parts per million) reduced losses from decay in two of three tests in which untreated roots did not keep well. In supplementary tests, the amount of root injury incurred on the experimental grading line was compared with that caused by a conventional grading line, and results showed that the experimental grading line caused less injury. Other test results showed that curing roots immediately after washing, sizing, and sorting for 4 days at 85° F kept weight losses reasonably low. A subjective evaluation of an entirely new grading line, built in 1973 for commercial operation, is also presented in this publication.
The Parkes Pulsar Timing Array Third Data Release
Creators: name: Zic, Andrew
name: Reardon, Daniel J.
name: Kapur, Agastya
name: Hobbs, George
name: Mandow, Rami
name: Curyło, Małgorzata
name: Shannon, Ryan M.
name: Askew, Jacob
name: Bailes, Matthew
name: Bhat, N. D. Ramesh
name: Cameron, Andrew
name: Chen, Zu-Cheng
name: Dai, Shi
name: Di Marco, Valentina
name: Feng, Yi
name: Kerr, Matthew
name: Kulkarni, Atharva
name: Lower, Marcus E.
name: Luo, Rui
name: Manchester, Richard N.
name: Miles, Matthew T.
name: Nathan, Rowina S.
name: Osłowski, Stefan
name: Rogers, Axl F.
name: Russell, Christopher J.
name: Sarkissian, John M.
name: Shamohammadi, Mohsen
name: Spiewak, Renée
name: Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan
name: Toomey, Lawrence
name: Wang, Shuangqiang
name: Zhang, Lei
name: Zhang, Songbo
name: Zhu, Xing-Jiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the third data release from the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array (PPTA) project. The release contains observations of 32 pulsars obtained using the 64-m Parkes "Murriyang" radio telescope. The data span is up to 18 years with a typical cadence of 3 weeks. This data release is formed by combining an updated version of our second data release with $\sim 3$ years of more recent data primarily obtained using an ultra-wide-bandwidth receiver system that operates between 704 and 4032 MHz. We provide calibrated pulse profiles, flux-density dynamic spectra, pulse times of arrival, and initial pulsar timing models. We describe methods for processing such wide-bandwidth observations, and compare this data release with our previous release.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in PASA
Constraints on primordial curvature power spectrum with pulsar timing arrays
Creators: name: You, Zhi-Qiang
name: Yi, Zhu
name: Wu, You
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The stochastic signal detected by NANOGrav, PPTA, EPTA, and CPTA can be explained by the scalar-induced gravitational waves. In order to determine the scalar-induced gravitational waves model that best fits the stochastic signal, we employ both single- and double-peak parameterizations for the power spectrum of the primordial curvature perturbations, where the single-peak scenarios include the $δ$-function, box, lognormal, and broken power law model, and the double-peak scenario is described by the double lognormal form. Using Bayesian inference, we find that there is no significant evidence for or against the single-peak scenario over the double-peak model, with $\log$ (Bayes factors) among these models $\ln \mathcal{B} < 1$. Therefore, we cannot distinguish the different shapes of the power spectrum of the primordial curvature perturbation with the current sensitivity of pulsar timing arrays.
description: 21 pages, 1 table, 7 figures, version accepted by JCAP
Confronting sound speed resonance with pulsar timing arrays
Creators: name: Jin, Jia-Heng
name: Chen, Zu-Cheng
name: Yi, Zhu
name: You, Zhi-Qiang
name: Liu, Lang
name: Wu, You
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The stochastic signal detected by pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) has raised great interest in understanding its physical origin. Assuming the signal is a cosmological gravitational-wave background produced by overly large primordial curvature perturbations, we investigate the sound speed resonance effect with an oscillatory behavior using the combined PTA data from NANOGrav 15-yr data set, PPTA DR3, and EPTA DR2. We find that the stochastic signal can be explained by the induced gravitational waves sourced by the sound speed resonance mechanism, with the oscillation frequency $f_* \in [1.51, 4.90] \times 10^{-7}$Hz and the start time of oscillation $|τ_0| \in [2.05, 106] \times 10^7$s
description: 19 pages, 3 figures, 1 table
Global Climate Change Policy: The Case of Russia
Creators: name: Kochtcheeva, Lada V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: climate
subject: climate change
subject: resilience
subject: community engagement
subject: https://zenodo.org/search?q=subject.term%3A%22climate+change%22
subject: https://zenodo.org/search?q=subject.term%3A%22Climate+Change%22

description: Kochtcheeva, Associate Professor in the School of Public and International Relations, presenter in the second lightening round session during the research symposium, and discussed a case study of Russia and the country's climate change policy. Kochtcheeva investigated the reason behind Russia's delayed ratification of the Paris Climate Agreement, and what prevents Russia from implementing the agreement domestically. Kochtcheeva concluded that Russia's climate positioning is based on conceptions of foreign policy interests, national interests, international engagement, and its image in the world.
Shapiro steps in driven atomic Josephson junctions
Creators: name: Singh, Vijay Pal
name: Polo, Juan
name: Mathey, Ludwig
name: Amico, Luigi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study driven atomic Josephson junctions realized by coupling two two-dimensional atomic clouds with a tunneling barrier. By moving the barrier at a constant velocity, dc and ac Josephson regimes are characterized by a zero and nonzero atomic density difference across the junction, respectively. Here, we monitor the dynamics resulting in the system when, in addition to the above constant velocity protocol, the position of the barrier is periodically driven. We demonstrate that the time-averaged particle imbalance features a step-like behavior that is the analog of Shapiro steps observed in driven superconducting Josephson junctions. The underlying dynamics reveals an intriguing interplay of the vortex and phonon excitations, where Shapiro steps are induced via suppression of vortex growth. We study the system with a classical-field dynamics method, and benchmark our findings with a driven circuit dynamics.
description: 7+4 pages, 4+5 figures; To be published in PRL
Pressure-temperature Phase Diagram of the Earth
Creators: name: Jones, Eriita
name: Lineweaver, Charles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on a pressure-temperature (P-T) phase diagram model of the Earth, Jones & Lineweaver (2010) described uninhabited terrestrial liquid water. Our model represents the atmosphere, surface, oceans and interior of the Earth - allowing the range of P-T conditions in terrestrial environments to be compared to the phase regime of liquid water. Here we present an overview and additional results from the Earth model on the location of the deepest liquid water on Earth and the maximum possible extent of the terrestrial biosphere. The intersection of liquid water and terrestrial phase space indicates that the deepest liquid water environments in the lithosphere occur at a depth of ~ 75 km. 3.5 % of the volume of the Earth is above 75 km depth. Considering the 3.5 % of the volume of the Earth where liquid water exists, ~ 12% of this volume is inhabited by life while the remaining ~ 88% is uninhabited. This is distinct from the fraction of the volume of liquid water occupied by life. We find that at least 1% of the volume of liquid water on Earth is uninhabited. Better geothermal gradients in the Earth's crust and mantle will improve the precision and accuracy of these preliminary results.
description: Pathways Towards Habitable Planets
Personalized Privacy Amplification via Importance Sampling
Creators: name: Fay, Dominik
name: Mair, Sebastian
name: Sjölund, Jens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: For scalable machine learning on large data sets, subsampling a representative subset is a common approach for efficient model training. This is often achieved through importance sampling, whereby informative data points are sampled more frequently. In this paper, we examine the privacy properties of importance sampling, focusing on an individualized privacy analysis. We find that, in importance sampling, privacy is well aligned with utility but at odds with sample size. Based on this insight, we propose two approaches for constructing sampling distributions: one that optimizes the privacy-efficiency trade-off; and one based on a utility guarantee in the form of coresets. We evaluate both approaches empirically in terms of privacy, efficiency, and accuracy on the differentially private $k$-means problem. We observe that both approaches yield similar outcomes and consistently outperform uniform sampling across a wide range of data sets. Our code is available on GitHub: https://github.com/smair/personalized-privacy-amplification-via-importance-sampling
description: 28 pages, 7 figures
Comparability of Automated Vehicle Crash Databases
Creators: name: Goodall, Noah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Introduction: This paper reviewed current driving automation (DA) and baseline human-driven crash databases and evaluated their comparability. Method: Five sources of DA crash data and three sources of human-driven crash data were reviewed for consistency of inclusion criteria, scope of coverage, and potential sources of bias. Alternative methods to determine vehicle automation capability using vehicle identification number (VIN) from state-maintained crash records were also explored. Conclusions: Evaluated data sets used incompatible or nonstandard minimum crash severity thresholds, complicating crash rate comparisons. The most widely-used standard was "police-reportable crash," which itself has different reporting thresholds among jurisdictions. Although low- and no-damage crashes occur at greater frequencies and have more statistical power, they were not consistently reported for automated vehicles. Crash data collection can be improved through collection of driving automation exposure data, widespread collection of crash data form electronic data recorders, and standardization of crash definitions. Practical Applications: Researchers and DA developers may use this analysis to conduct more thorough and accurate evaluations of driving automation crash rates. Lawmakers and regulators may use these findings as evidence to enhance data collection efforts, both internally and via new rules regarding electronic data recorders.
Interpolation function of the genocchi type polynomials
Creators: name: Kurt, Burak
name: Simsek, Yilmaz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05A10, 11B65, 28B99, 11B68

description: The main purpose of this paper is to construct not only generating functions of the new approach Genocchi type numbers and polynomials but also interpolation function of these numbers and polynomials which are related to a, b, c arbitrary positive real parameters. We prove multiplication theorem of these polynomials. Furthermore, we give some identities and applications associated with these numbers, polynomials and their interpolation functions.
description: 14 pages
PARTHENOS D6.4 Report on services and tools (final)
Creators: name: Bardi, Alessia
name: Bruseker, George
name: Durco, Matej
name: Illmayer, Klaus
name: Broeder, Daan
name: Lorenzini, Matteo
name: Resch, Stefan
name: Sugimoto, Go
name: Theodoridou, Maria
name: Assante, Massimiliano
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Metadata
Interoperability
Research

description: This document reports on the final status of actions carried out towards achieving WP6 objectives, especially with regards to tools and services enabling interoperability, sharing specialized tools and Resource discovery tools.

All PARTHENOS deliverables are available at: http://www.parthenos-project.eu/resources/projects-deliverables
An Expectation Conditional Maximization Approach for Gaussian Graphical Models
Creators: name: Li, Zehang Richard
name: McCormick, Tyler H.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy

description: Bayesian graphical models are a useful tool for understanding dependence relationships among many variables, particularly in situations with external prior information. In high-dimensional settings, the space of possible graphs becomes enormous, rendering even state-of-the-art Bayesian stochastic search computationally infeasible. We propose a deterministic alternative to estimate Gaussian and Gaussian copula graphical models using an expectation conditional maximization (ECM) algorithm, extending the EM approach from Bayesian variable selection to graphical model estimation. We show that the ECM approach enables fast posterior exploration under a sequence of mixture priors, and can incorporate multiple sources of information. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Cellularization of structures in stable homotopy categories
Creators: name: Gutiérrez, Javier J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55P60 (Primary) 18E30, 55P42 (Secondary)

description: We describe the formal properties of cellularization functors in triangulated categories and study the preservation of ring and module structures under these functors in stable homotopy categories in the sense of Hovey, Palmieri and Strickland, such as the homotopy category of spectra or the derived category of a commutative ring. We prove that cellularization functors preserve modules over connective rings but they do not preserve rings in general (even if the ring is connective or the cellularization functor is triangulated). As an application of these results, we describe the cellularizations of Eilenberg-Mac Lane spectra and compute all acyclizations in the sense of Bousfield of the integral Eilenberg-Mac Lane spectrum.
description: 19 pages
Phase Conjugation and Negative Refraction Using Nonlinear Active Metamaterials
Creators: name: Katko, Alexander R.
name: Gu, Shi
name: Barrett, John P.
name: Popa, Bogdan-Ioan
name: Shvets, Gennady
name: Cummer, Steven A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present experimental demonstration of phase conjugation using nonlinear metamaterial elements. Active split-ring resonators loaded with varactor diodes are demonstrated theoretically to act as phase-conjugating or time-reversing discrete elements when parametrically pumped and illuminated with appropriate frequencies. The metamaterial elements were fabricated and shown experimentally to produce a time reversed signal. Measurements confirm that a discrete array of phase-conjugating elements act as a negatively-refracting time reversal RF lens only 0.12$λ$ thick.
Is motivation enough? Confidence as a predictor of outcome in inpatient treatment for eating disorders
Creators: name: Iyar, Megumi M.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: While motivation has been shown to be a robust predictor of eating disorder treatment outcome, little attention has been paid to the role of confidence. This study sought to better understand the role of confidence and the possible interaction it may have with motivation in promoting eating disorder symptom change. Participants were adult women (N = 159) in inpatient treatment for eating disorders. They completed measures of readiness and motivation for change, which assessed precontemplation, action, confidence and internality (changing for oneself vs. for others) and eating disorder symptom severity at pre- and post-treatment. Medical variables (e.g. height and weight) were also recorded. Precontemplation and confidence had significant effects on pre-and post-treatment symptom severity, while action only had a significant effect on pre-treatment symptoms. Confidence was also shown to moderate relations between both measures of readiness (i.e., precontemplation and action) and change in symptoms. Follow up analyses indicated that high precontemplation (low readiness) was associated with poor outcome, irrespective of confidence, however, low precontemplation (high readiness) was associated with better outcome at high levels of confidence. The interaction between confidence and action was significant only at very high levels of confidence. Among individuals who had high action at baseline, those with lower confidence had significantly poorer outcomes relative to those with high levels of confidence. Findings indicate that readiness and confidence are important prognostic factors and suggest that early behaviour change in the absence of confidence does not guarantee best outcomes in inpatient eating disorder treatment.
On the papal household : Apostolic Letter issued Motu Proprio : Pontificalis Domus, March 28, 1968. Pope Paul VI.
Creators: name: Paul VI, Pope, 1897-1978.
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2023

description:
 Bound with his Reform of the Use of Pontifical Insignia and Simplification of Pontifical Rites and Insignia.
 Pontificalia ritus.
 Pontificalia insignia.
 Reform of the use of pontifical insignia.
 Simplification of pontifical rites and insignia.
Crystallization of Carbon Oxygen Mixtures in White Dwarf Stars
Creators: name: Horowitz, C. J.
name: Schneider, A. S.
name: Berry, D. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine the phase diagram for dense carbon/ oxygen mixtures in White Dwarf (WD) star interiors using molecular dynamics simulations involving liquid and solid phases. Our phase diagram agrees well with predictions from Ogata et al. and Medin and Cumming and gives lower melting temperatures than Segretain et al. Observations of WD crystallization in the globular cluster NGC 6397 by Winget et al. suggest that the melting temperature of WD cores is close to that for pure carbon. If this is true, our phase diagram implies that the central oxygen abundance in these stars is less than about 60%. This constraint, along with assumptions about convection in stellar evolution models, limits the effective S factor for the $^{12}$C($α,γ$)$^{16}$O reaction to S_{300} <= 170 keV barns.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, Phys. Rev. Lett. in press
Easily Parallelizable and Distributable Class of Algorithms for Structured Sparsity, with Optimal Acceleration
Creators: name: Ko, Seyoon
name: Yu, Donghyeon
name: Won, Joong-Ho
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy

description: Many statistical learning problems can be posed as minimization of a sum of two convex functions, one typically a composition of nonsmooth and linear functions. Examples include regression under structured sparsity assumptions. Popular algorithms for solving such problems, for example, ADMM, often involve nontrivial optimization subproblems or smoothing approximation. We consider two classes of primal–dual algorithms that do not incur these difficulties, and unify them from a perspective of monotone operator theory. From this unification, we propose a continuum of preconditioned forward–backward operator splitting algorithms amenable to parallel and distributed computing. For the entire region of convergence of the whole continuum of algorithms, we establish its rates of convergence. For some known instances of this continuum, our analysis closes the gap in theory. We further exploit the unification to propose a continuum of accelerated algorithms. We show that the whole continuum attains the theoretically optimal rate of convergence. The scalability of the proposed algorithms, as well as their convergence behavior, is demonstrated up to 1.2 million variables with a distributed implementation. The code is available at https://github.com/kose-y/dist-primal-dual. Supplemental materials for this article are available online.
Performance and First Physics Results of the ALICE Muon Spectrometer
Creators: name: Das, Debasish
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A precise measurement of the heavy-flavor production cross-sections in pp collisions is an essential baseline for the heavy-ion program. In addition it is a crucial test of pQCD models in the new energy regime at LHC. ALICE measures the muons from the decay of charmonium resonances and from the semileptonic decay of heavy-flavored hadrons in its forward (-4.0 $
description: 8 pages and 6 figues. Proceedings for 6th International Conference on Physics and Astrophysics of Quark Gluon Plasma (ICPAQGP 2010), Goa, India
On tame ramification and centers of $F$-purity
Creators: name: Carvajal-Rojas, Javier
name: Fayolle, Anne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13A35, 14G17, 14B05

description: We introduce a notion of tame ramification for general finite covers. When specialized to the separable case, it extends to higher dimensions the classical notion of tame ramification for Dedekind domains and curves and sits nicely in between other notions of tame ramification in arithmetic geometry. However, when applied to the Frobenius map, it naturally yields the notion of center of $F$-purity (aka compatibly $F$-split subvariety). As an application, we describe the behavior of centers of $F$-purity under finite covers -- it all comes down to a transitivity property for tame ramification in towers.
description: 38 pages, minor changes based on referee reports, accepted for publication in the Journal of the LMS, comments are very much welcome
New Heuristic Rounding Approaches to the Quadratic Assignment Problem
Creators: name: Gharibi, Wajeb
name: Xia, Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Quadratic assignment problem is one of the great challenges in combinatorial optimization. It has many applications in Operations research and Computer Science. In this paper, the author extends the most-used rounding approach to a one-parametric optimization model for the quadratic assignment problems. A near-optimum parameter is also predestinated. The numerical experiments confirm the efficiency.
description: 4 Pages