cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Poisson_CCD: A dedicated simulator for modeling CCDs
Creators: name: Lage, Craig
name: Bradshaw, Andrew K.
name: Tyson, J. Anthony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A dedicated simulator, Poisson_CCD, has been constructed which models astronomical CCDs by solving Poisson's equation numerically and simulating charge transport within the CCD. The potentials and free carrier densities within the CCD are self-consistently solved for, giving realistic results for the charge distribution within the CCD storage wells. The simulator has been used to model the CCDs which are being used to construct the LSST digital camera. The simulator output has been validated by comparing its predictions with several different types of CCD measurements, including astrometric shifts, brighter-fatter induced pixel-pixel covariances, saturation effects, and diffusion spreading. The code is open source and freely available.
description: 37 pages, 27 figures
The Fulling-Davies-Unruh Effect is Mandatory: The Proton's Testimony
Creators: name: Matsas, George E. A.
name: Vanzella, Daniel A. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the decay of accelerated protons and illustrate how the Fulling-Davies-Unruh effect is indeed mandatory to maintain the consistency of standard Quantum Field Theory. The confidence level of the Fulling-Davies-Unruh effect must be the same as that of Quantum Field Theory itself.
description: Awarded "honorable mention" by Gravity Research Foundation in the 2002 Essay competition
Two-Loop Superstrings in Hyperelliptic Language II: the Vanishing of the Cosmological Constant and the Non-Renormalization Theorem
Creators: name: Zheng, Zhu-Jun
name: Wu, Jun-Bao
name: Zhu, Chuan-Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The vanishing of the cosmological constant and the non-renormali-zation theorem are verified at two loops by explicit computation using the hyperelliptic language and the newly obtained chiral measure of D'Hoker and Phong. A set of identities is found which is used in the verification of the non-renormalization theorem and leads to a great simplification of the calculation of the four-particle amplitude at two loops.
description: v1, LaTex file, 20 pages; v2, 21 pages, add references and minor corrections
Trading Stamps and Their Impact on Food Prices
Creators: name: Agricultural Marketing Service, Market Organization
name: Agricultural Marketing Service, Market Organization
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1958
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Excerpts from the report Introduction: Trading stamps are not new; they have been used by retailers as a promotional device for more than half a century. Their phenomenal growth during recent years has been due largely to their wide adoption by food retailers, mainly supermarkets. Because of the importance of food in our daily lives, the question of who actually bears the cost of trading stamps is one that concerns all of us. This question is one of the most controversial issues in the history of food retailing. The widespread use of stamps by supermarkets, together with the lack of specific information about the effect of stamps on retail food prices and about the nature and scope of the trading stamp industry, led the Agricultural Marketing Service to conduct research in these areas. This research had two basic objectives. The first was to determine the overall scope and operations of the trading stamp industry. To do this, a survey of trading stamp companies was conducted during the spring and summer of 1957. Information was obtained as to the total gross revenue from stamps by stamp issuing companies, the proportion of stamp revenues from food stores, and other major characteristics of the industry. The second objective was to determine the effect of the use of trading stamps on retail food prices. Analysis of a special tabulation of food prices collected by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) provided information on this point. Also, a special survey of shelf prices in supermarkets was made to supplement the BLS data.
MOESM2 of Cryo-soft X-ray tomography as a quantitative three-dimensional tool to model nanoparticle:cell interaction
Creators: name: Chiappi, Michele
name: Conesa, José
name: Pereiro, Eva
name: Sorzano, Carlos
name: Rodríguez, María
name: Henzler, Katja
name: Schneider, Gerd
name: Chichón, Francisco
name: Carrascosa, José
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 2: Figure 1. Correlative microscopy in MCF-7 cells incubated with SPION for 24 h. Correlation between a confocal plane of a MCF-7 cell incubated with SPION for 24 h (A) stained with DAPI (blue), LysoTracker Red (red) and backscattered light (B). Cells were fixed in 2 % glutaraldehyde (10 min). Overlay of A and B is represented in C. Bar for A–C, 10 μm. Correlation of cryo-epifluerescence LysoTracker Red signal of an MCF-7 cell incubated with SPION for 24 h (D) and a projection of a cryo-SXT reconstructed 3D volume of the same cell (E). Overlay of D and E is shown in F. Bar for D–F, 5 μm. Correlation between epifluorescent signal of a live MCF-7 cell sample incubated with SPION for 24 h (G) stained with DAPI (blue), LysoTracker Red (red) and TEM micrograph of a thin section of the same sample vitrified and cryo-substituted (H) as described [14]. Overlay of G and H is shown in I. Bar in G–I, 5 μm.
MOESM3 of Cryo-soft X-ray tomography as a quantitative three-dimensional tool to model nanoparticle:cell interaction
Creators: name: Chiappi, Michele
name: Conesa, José
name: Pereiro, Eva
name: Sorzano, Carlos
name: Rodríguez, María
name: Henzler, Katja
name: Schneider, Gerd
name: Chichón, Francisco
name: Carrascosa, José
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 3: Figure 2. Comparison of epifluorescence images of cells before and after vitrification. A) Epifluorescence image of live MCF-7 cell incubated with SPION (24 h) and stained with LysoTracker Red. B) Cryo-epifluorescence image of the same area in A after vitrification. Insets show higher magnification details. Bar in A, B, 50 μm. Bar in insets, 15 μm.
MOESM4 of Cryo-soft X-ray tomography as a quantitative three-dimensional tool to model nanoparticle:cell interaction
Creators: name: Chiappi, Michele
name: Conesa, José
name: Pereiro, Eva
name: Sorzano, Carlos
name: Rodríguez, María
name: Henzler, Katja
name: Schneider, Gerd
name: Chichón, Francisco
name: Carrascosa, José
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 4: Figure 3. Cryo-SXT correlative workflow at the MISTRAL beamline at ALBA. Images correspond to an MCF-7 control cell and cells incubated with SPION (0.25 mg ml−1) for 3, 6, 12 and 24 h. Left, cryo-epifluorescence micrograph of areas with LysoTracker Red- and DAPI-labelled cells. Bar, 20 μm. Centre, cryo-soft X-ray projection mosaic of the area in the yellow squares in the left column. Bar, 5 μm. Right, central sections of reconstructed tomograms of the area in yellow squares in the central column. Bar, 2 μm.
KMS states on the crossed product $C^{*}$-algebra of a homeomorphism
Creators: name: Christensen, Johannes
name: Thomsen, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $φ:X\to X$ be a homeomorphism of a compact metric space $X$. For any continuous function $F:X\to \mathbb{R}$ there is a one-parameter group $α^{F}$ of automorphisms on the crossed product $C^*$-algebra $C(X)\rtimes_φ\mathbb{Z}$ defined such that $α^{F}_{t}(fU)=fUe^{-itF}$ when $f \in C(X)$ and $U$ is the canonical unitary in the construction of the crossed product. In this paper we study the KMS states for these flows by developing an intimate relation to the ergodic theory of non-singular transformations and show that the structure of KMS-states can be very rich and complicated. Our results are complete concerning the set of possible inverse temperatures; in particular, we show that when $C(X) \rtimes_ϕ \mathbb Z$ is simple this set is either $\{0\}$ or the whole line $\mathbb R$.
description: v2: minor changes and beginning of section 4 rewritten. This is a preprint of an article to appear in ETDS
Unconventional charge-spin conversion in Weyl-semimetal WTe2
Creators: name: Zhao, Bing
name: Karpiak, Bogdan
name: Khokhriakov, Dmitrii
name: Johansson, Annika
name: Hoque, Anamul Md.
name: Xu, Xiaoguang
name: Jiang, Yong
name: Mertig, Ingrid
name: Dash, Saroj P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An outstanding feature of topological quantum materials is their novel spin topology in the electronic band structures with an expected large charge-to-spin conversion efficiency. Here, we report a charge current-induced spin polarization in the type-II Weyl semimetal candidate WTe2 and efficient spin injection and detection in a graphene channel up to room temperature. Contrary to the conventional spin Hall and Rashba-Edelstein effects, our measurements indicate an unconventional charge-to-spin conversion in WTe2, which is primarily forbidden by the crystal symmetry of the system. Such a large spin polarization can be possible in WTe2 due to a reduced crystal symmetry combined with its large spin Berry curvature, spin-orbit interaction with a novel spin-texture of the Fermi states. We demonstrate a robust and practical method for electrical creation and detection of such a spin polarization using both charge-to-spin conversion and its inverse phenomenon and utilized it for efficient spin injection and detection in a graphene channel up to room temperature. These findings open opportunities for utilizing topological Weyl materials as non-magnetic spin sources in allelectrical van der Waals spintronic circuits and for low-power and high-performance non-volatile spintronic technologies.
Hemacroneuria Enderlein 1909
Creators: name: Li, Weihai
name: Mo, Raorao
name: Murányi, Dávid
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Plecoptera
Perlidae
Hemacroneuria

description: Hemacroneuria sp. Si ( Fig. 7) Adult habitus. General color dark brown with relatively few light markings. Head brown with a large wing-shaped dark brown marking from central occiput and anterior of tentorial callosities to pale M-line; a trapezoidal dark brown median marking located between central M-line and clypeus; occiput is also dark. Triocellate, anterior ocellus much smaller, distance between posterior ocelli about two thirds of distance from eyes. Antennae dark brown; palpi brownish. Pronotum dark brown with lighter rugosities, lateral margins only slightly lighter and not contrasting, corners obtuse and lateral margins triangularly convex. Legs uniformly brown. Wings brown but costal area pale, veins brown. Female. (Fig. 7). Forewing length 15.0 mm. Abdomen brownish, segments 1–7 unmodified. Subgenital plate wide and projecting to base of paraprocts; posterior margin notched; the notch is shallow triangular between a pair of short and blunt triangular lobes. Material examined. China: Sichuan Province, Wolong NNR, Namasi vill. (individually on vegetation, open ruderal meadow with shrubs above small water dam; side valley; small stream), 31°01’28” N 103°09’43” E, 2130 m, 23.VI.2014. leg. J. Hájek & J. Růžička: 1♀ (HIST). Affinities. Other than H. violacea which has a dark head and pronotum, this species is apparently the darkest known member of the genus. Shape of the female subgenital plate is most similar to that of H. malickyi Stark & Sivec, 2008 described from Vietnam.
description: Published as part of Li, Weihai, Mo, Raorao & Murányi, Dávid, 2019, Additions to the genus Hemacroneuria Enderlein (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from China, pp. 349-358 in Zootaxa 4652 (2) on pages 354-355, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4652.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/3363846
description: {"references": ["Stark, B. P. & Sivec, I. (2008) Systematic notes on Kiotina Klapalek and Hemacroneuria Enderlein (Plecoptera: Perlidae), with description of four new species. Illiesia, 4 (17), 161 - 175."]}
D-branes in a marginally deformed WZW model
Creators: name: Forste, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this talk we discuss symmetry preserving D-branes on a line of a marginally deformed SU(2) WZW model. A semiclassical and a quantum theoretical approach are presented.
description: 7 pages, contribution to the proceedings of the 35th Symposium Ahrenshoop, 2002
Retardation of the onset of yurbulence by minor viscosity contrasts
Creators: name: Govindarajan, Rama
name: L'vov, Victor S.
name: Procaccia, Itamar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the large effect of turbulent drag reduction by minute concentrations of polymers we study the effects of minor viscosity contrasts on the stability of hydrodynamic flows. The key player is a localized region where the energy of fluctuations is produced by interactions with the mean flow (the "critical layer"). We show that a layer of weakly space-dependent viscosity placed near the critical layer can have very large stabilizing effect on hydrodynamic fluctuations, retarding significantly the onset of turbulence. The effect is not due to a modified dissipation (as is assumed in theories of drag reduction), but due to reduced energy intake from the mean flow to the fluctuations. We propose that similar physics act in turbulent drag reduction.
description: 4 Pages, 5 Figures (included), PRL submitted
Anadolu'nun Önemli Tarihi Yazıtları 4. Lex Portorii Provinciae Asiae (Asia Eyaleti Gümrük Yasası)
Creators: name: Takmer, Burak
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013

description: 1976 yılında Selçuk’ta, Aziz Ioannes Kilisesi’ndeki kazı çalışmaları sırasında bulunan yazıt (krş. aş. bl. IX B. Fiziksel Tanım), H. Engelmann ve D. Knibbe tarafından 1986 yılında ön rapor içerikli yayını takiben 1989 yılında bütün içeriğiyle yayımlanmıştır. Bu yayının ardından yazıt, bilim dünyasında Monumentum Ephesenum adıyla anılmaya başlamıştır. Bununla birlikte, belgenin bu yapay Latince adlandırma yerine, bizzat kendisini tanımladığı şekliyle anılması (str. 7: νόμος τέλους Ἀσίας εἰσαγωγῆς καὶ ἐξαγωγῆς κατά τε γῆν καὶ κατὰ θάλασσαν = Lat. Lex portus Asiae veya Lex portorii Asiae) daha uygundur.
Osbornellus hansoni Dominguez & Godoy 2010, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Domínguez, Edwin
name: Godoy, Carolina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadellidae
Osbornellus
Osbornellus hansoni

description: Osbornellus hansoni Domínguez & Godoy, sp. nov.
(Figs. 52a–52e)
 Description. Length: 5.4–6.3 mm. Similar a O. inbio.
 Male genitalia: Pygofer about twice as long as width, moderately projected posteriorly, apex very widey rounded; macrosetae long, dispersed along apical half of pygofer (Fig. 52a). Valve triangular, with margins rounded. Plates long, with base very wide, apex rounded, setae short (Fig. 52b). Style with apophysis long, straight and apex truncate (Fig. 52c). Aedeagus in ventral view with base wide and curved, lateral margins straight; shaft long, narrow, straight, apex pointed, slightly longer than ventral processes; dorsal projection tapered and pointed at tips (Fig. 52d). Ventral processes arising close to base of aedeagus, slightly divergent from base to apices, slender, straight, apices pointed. In lateral view shaft wide, straight, slightly curved ventrad, apex rounded, slightly longer than ventral processes; dorsal projection like a wide irregular knob. Gonopore subapical. Ventral processes straight, directed dorso-caudad, apices rounded and knob-like (Fig. 52e).
 Diagnosis. Very similar to O. obamai, but in ventral view the ventral processes of O. hansoni are divergent from the base and the apices are straight, whereas in O. obama the ventral processes are slightly separated from base to apex and the apices are divergent.
 Distribution. Known only from Costa Rica; 2800 m
 Etymology. This species is named for Paul Hanson for his help to the first author during his thesis and for collecting the majority of the specimens used in this study.
 Type material: Holotype, male, COSTA RICA: San José, Cerro de la Muerte, 6 Km N. de San Gerardo, 2800 m, I-XII-1992, P. Hanson (CAS).
description: Published as part of Domínguez, Edwin & Godoy, Carolina, 2010, Taxonomic review of the genus Osbornellus Ball (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in Central America 2702, pp. 1-106 in Zootaxa 2702 on pages 77-79
Information Theoretic Bounds on Cosmic String Detection in CMB Maps with Noise
Creators: name: Ciuca, Razvan
name: Hernández, Oscar F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a convolutional neural network (CNN) to study cosmic string detection in cosmic microwave background (CMB) flat sky maps with Nambu-Goto strings. On noiseless maps we can measure string tensions down to order $10^{-9}$, however when noise is included we are unable to measure string tensions below $10^{-7}$. Motivated by this impasse, we derive an information theoretic bound on the detection of the cosmic string tension $Gμ$ from CMB maps. In particular we bound the information entropy of the posterior distribution of $Gμ$ in terms of the resolution, noise level and total survey area of the CMB map. We evaluate these bounds for the ACT, SPT-3G, Simons Observatory, Cosmic Origins Explorer, and CMB-S4 experiments. These bounds cannot be saturated by any method.
description: v3: corrected error in table 1 entry for the CORE experiment. This matches the erratum submitted for the version published in MNRAS. 7 pages, 1 figure, 1 table
Self-force of a scalar field for circular orbits about a Schwarzschild black hole
Creators: name: Detweiler, Steven
name: Messaritaki, Eirini
name: Whiting, Bernard F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The foundations are laid for the numerical computation of the actual worldline for a particle orbiting a black hole and emitting gravitational waves. The essential practicalities of this computation are here illustrated for a scalar particle of infinitesimal size and small but finite scalar charge. This particle deviates from a geodesic because it interacts with its own retarded field $ψ^\ret$. A recently introduced Green's function $G^\SS$ precisely determines the singular part, $ψ^\SS$, of the retarded field. This part exerts no force on the particle. The remainder of the field $ψ^\R = ψ^\ret - ψ^\SS$ is a vacuum solution of the field equation and is entirely responsible for the self-force. A particular, locally inertial coordinate system is used to determine an expansion of $ψ^\SS$ in the vicinity of the particle. For a particle in a circular orbit in the Schwarzschild geometry, the mode-sum decomposition of the difference between $ψ^\ret$ and the dominant terms in the expansion of $ψ^\SS$ provide a mode-sum decomposition of an approximation for $ψ^\R$ from which the self-force is obtained. When more terms are included in the expansion, the approximation for $ψ^\R$ is increasingly differentiable, and the mode-sum for the self-force converges more rapidly.
description: RevTex, 31 pages, 1 figure, modified abstract, more details of numerical methods
High Trade Costs and Their Consequences: An Estimated Model of African Agricultural Storage and Trade
Creators: name: Porteous, Obie C.
name: Porteous, Obie C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Trade Costs
subject: Storage
subject: Sub-Saharan Africa
subject: Trade Corridors
subject: Technology Adoption

description: How large are trade costs in the world's poorest countries and what are their consequences? I explore this question using a new dataset I have assembled of monthly prices and production of 6 staple grains from 2003 to 2013 in 230 market catchment areas covering all 42 countries of continental sub-Saharan Africa. I estimate and solve a spatial temporal model of monthly storage and trade under uncertainty including storage in each of the 230 markets, overland trade between 413 pairs of markets, and trade with the world market through 30 ports. I then re-solve the model for a counterfactual scenario in which trade costs are lowered to match transportation costs in the rest of the world. I find median intra-national trade costs over 5 times higher than elsewhere in the world along with significant extra costs for trade across borders and with the world market. Lowering trade costs for staple grains results in a 46.4% drop in the average food price index, a contraction in the agriculture, storage, and trade sectors, and a net welfare gain of 2.4% ($125 billion equivalent variation). I show that 87.5% of this welfare gain can be achieved by lowering trade costs through ports and along key links representing just 18% of the trade network, supporting a corridor-based approach for infrastructure investment and trade policy. In an extension, I find that the effects of agricultural technology adoption depend crucially on trade costs, with farmers only benefiting from technology adoption when trade costs are low.
Overview of the SuperNova/Acceleration Probe (SNAP)
Creators: name: Aldering, G.
name: collaboration, SNAP
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The SuperNova / Acceleration Probe (SNAP) is a space-based experiment to measure the expansion history of the Universe and study both its dark energy and the dark matter. The experiment is motivated by the startling discovery that the expansion of the Universe is accelerating. A 0.7 square-degree imager comprised of 36 large format fully-depleted n-type CCD's sharing a focal plane with 36 HgCdTe detectors forms the heart of SNAP, allowing discovery and lightcurve measurements simultaneously for many supernovae. The imager and a high-efficiency low-resolution integral field spectrograph are coupled to a 2-m three mirror anastigmat wide-field telescope, which will be placed in a high-earth orbit. The SNAP mission can obtain high-signal-to-noise calibrated light-curves and spectra for over 2000 Type Ia supernovae at redshifts between z=0.1 and 1.7. The resulting data set can not only determine the amount of dark energy with high precision, but test the nature of the dark energy by examining its equation of state. In particular, dark energy due to a cosmological constant can be differentiated from alternatives such as "quintessence", by measuring the dark energy's equation of state to an accuracy of +/-0.05, and by studying its time dependence.
description: This paper will be published in SPIE Proceedings Vol 4835 and is made available as an electronic preprint with permission of SPIE
Additional file 1: of Differences in attitudes towards end-of-life care among intensivists, oncologists and prosecutors in Brazil: a nationwide survey
Creators: name: JoĂŁo Ramos
name: Vieira, Roberto DâOliveira
name: Tourinho, Fernanda
name: Ismael, Andre
name: Diaulas Ribeiro
name: Medeiro, Humberto De
name: Forte, Daniel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Table S1. Differences in attitudes towards end-of-life care between intensivists (ICU), oncologists (Onco) and prosecutors of the Ministerio Publico da Uniao (MPU). Table containing supplementary data on the differences in attitudes towards end-of-life care between physicians and prosecutors. (DOCX 28 kb)
Osbornellus nielsoni Dominguez & Godoy 2010, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Domínguez, Edwin
name: Godoy, Carolina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadellidae
Osbornellus
Osbornellus nielsoni

description: Osbornellus nielsoni Domínguez & Godoy, sp. nov.
(Figs. 60a–60e)
 Descripction. Length: 3.7–4.6 mm. Similar to other members of the species O. affinis group (Fig. 1d).
 Male genitalia. Pygofer longer than wide, greatly projecting posteriorly, apex very wide and rounded; macrosetae very long, distributed over the distal third of the pygofer (Fig.60a). Valve with rounded borders, slightly curved anteriorly in the center. Plates elongate, apex pointed, with a few short setae (Fig. 60b). Style with apophysis short, curved, rugose on the internal side, and with apex truncate (Fig. 60c). Aedeagus in ventral view with base wide and straight, slightly curved on lateral margins. Shaft hidden by the processes, but shorter than the latter and with apex truncate (Fig. 60d). Processes originating about a third of the way along the aedeagus, slightly separated from the base to slightly beyond midlength, then completely separated and diverging, thin with pointed apices. In lateral view shaft curved to midpoint, wide, slightly longer than process, apex tapered; dorsal projection not projecting beyond apex of shaft, generally wide. Gonopore apical. Processes separated near base of stalk, narrow, very long, curved basally and straight apically, apices pointed (Fig. 60e).
 Diagnosis. Genitalia very similar to O. maesi; in lateral view O. nielsoni has the aedeagal processes very long and straight, the shaft fairly straight. In O. maesi the processes are curved, not very long and the shaft is curved.
 Distribution. Known only from Costa Rica; 80– 150 m.
 Etymology. This species is named in honor of Merv Nielson for his work on Cicadellidae.
 Type material: Holotype, male, COSTA RICA: Puntarenas: Albergue Cerro de Oro, 150–170m, LS 279650-518450, 15-X-1995, L. Angulo, Malaise trap (INBio). Paratype: COSTA RICA: 1 female, Península Osa, Rancho Quemado, IV-1991, J. C. Saborio (INBio); 1 male, Parque Nacional Manuel Antonio, Quepos, 80 m, VI-1991, G. Varela (INBio); 1 female, Estación Agujas, Sendero Zamia, 300m, LS 276750-526550, 16– 20-II-1998, M. Lobo (INBio). Heredia: 1 female, Estación Biológica La Selva, 50–150m, 10 26 N 84 01 W, IV-1993 (INBio-OET) (MZCR). Limon: 1 female, Sector Cocori, 30 Km al N Cariari, 100m, 7-I-1995, E. Rojas, Malaise trap (INBio); 1 female, same locality and collector, 21-22-III-1995 (INBio).
description: Published as part of Domínguez, Edwin & Godoy, Carolina, 2010, Taxonomic review of the genus Osbornellus Ball (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in Central America 2702, pp. 1-106 in Zootaxa 2702 on page 97
Dislocation Emission around Nanoindentations on a (001) fcc Metal Surface Studied by STM and Atomistic Simulations
Creators: name: de la Fuente, O. Rodriguez
name: Zimmerman, J. A.
name: Gonzalez, M. A.
name: de la Figuera, J.
name: Hamilton, J. C.
name: Pai, Woei Wu
name: Rojo, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a combined study by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and atomistic simulations of the emission of dissociated dislocation loops by nanoindentation on a (001) fcc surface. The latter consist of two stacking-fault ribbons bounded by Shockley partials and a stair-rod dislocation. These dissociated loops, which intersect the surface, are shown to originate from loops of interstitial character emitted along the <110> directions and are usually located at hundreds of angstroms away from the indentation point. Simulations reproduce the nucleation and glide of these dislocation loops.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Effects of Subsidized Crop Insurance on Crop Choices
Creators: name: Yu, Jisang
name: Yu, Jisang
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Crop Insurance
subject: Premium Subsidy
subject: Farm Policy

description: This study focuses on how subsidized crop insurance affects the farm portfolio. Crop insurance programs may change the investment decision of farmers due to risk reduction or premium subsidies. First, actuarially fair insurance reduces the risk of farmers, holding expected return constant. Second, premium subsidies encourage farmers to purchase crop insurance and increases the expected return to the risky crop. Yet, outside of crop insurance, farmers have self-insurance mechanisms available, such as crop diversification. I derive conditions for when actuarially fair insurance and premium subsidies lead to more investment in the risky higher-return crop, while allowing for self-insurance. The effect of premium subsidies are decomposed into an encouragement (indirect) effect and a relative profitability (direct) effect. These effects are explained by the interaction between market insurance and self-insurance, and the interaction between a risky crop and a safe crop. I discuss each effect as a combination of a wealth effect and a substitution effect. The framework provides a novel view of the evaluation of subsidized crop insurance programs.
Improved bounds on the dimensions of sets that avoid approximate arithmetic progressions
Creators: name: Fraser, Jonathan M.
name: Shmerkin, Pablo
name: Yavicoli, Alexia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11B25, 28A80

description: We provide quantitative estimates for the supremum of the Hausdorff dimension of sets in the real line which avoid $\varepsilon$-approximations of arithmetic progressions. Some of these estimates are in terms of Szemerédi bounds. In particular, we answer a question of Fraser, Saito and Yu (IMRN, 2019) and considerably improve their bounds. We also show that Hausdorff dimension is equivalent to box or Assouad dimension for this problem, and obtain a lower bound for Fourier dimension.
description: 14 pages. v3: minor corrections and clarifications
Multiple Choices, Strategic Interactions, and Market Effects in Livestock Disease Risk Management
Creators: name: Chitchumnong, Piyayut
name: Horan, Richard D.
name: Chitchumnong, Piyayut
name: Horan, Richard D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Strategic interactions
subject: Spillover effects
subject: Multiple Nash equilibria
subject: Multiple choices
subject: Market effects
subject: Biosecurity
subject: Livestock disease management

description: One of the main challenges in livestock production is to manage disease risks. Producers can implement preventive measures to reduce the likelihood of becoming infected; however, such efforts exhibit positive spillover effects that generate strategic behaviors. In this setting, prior work has shown that multiple equilibria could arise, particularly when one’s risk management choices and neighbors’ choices are strategic complements. We expand on prior work to examine how the availability of multiple risk management choices, as well as the role of market price responses, may affect the uniqueness and stability of strategic outcomes. We find that modeling multiple choices is important because the presence of these choices can significantly alter the predicted strategic interactions and outcomes; for instance, we can identify conditions under which having multiple choices is more likely to yield unique and stable Nash equilibria. We have found that appropriate policies are able to improve social welfare and to reduce the risk of coordination failure. In addition, our results show the importance of considering the role of market price responses, which can also facilitate risk management to promote stability and uniqueness.
Learning Energy-based Spatial-Temporal Generative ConvNets for Dynamic Patterns
Creators: name: Xie, Jianwen
name: Zhu, Song-Chun
name: Wu, Ying Nian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Video sequences contain rich dynamic patterns, such as dynamic texture patterns that exhibit stationarity in the temporal domain, and action patterns that are non-stationary in either spatial or temporal domain. We show that an energy-based spatial-temporal generative ConvNet can be used to model and synthesize dynamic patterns. The model defines a probability distribution on the video sequence, and the log probability is defined by a spatial-temporal ConvNet that consists of multiple layers of spatial-temporal filters to capture spatial-temporal patterns of different scales. The model can be learned from the training video sequences by an "analysis by synthesis" learning algorithm that iterates the following two steps. Step 1 synthesizes video sequences from the currently learned model. Step 2 then updates the model parameters based on the difference between the synthesized video sequences and the observed training sequences. We show that the learning algorithm can synthesize realistic dynamic patterns. We also show that it is possible to learn the model from incomplete training sequences with either occluded pixels or missing frames, so that model learning and pattern completion can be accomplished simultaneously.
Do Search Frictions Compound Problems of Relational Contracting?
Creators: name: Rosch, Stephanie D
name: Zhang, Cathy
name: Preckel, Paul
name: Ortega, David L.
name: Rosch, Stephanie D
name: Zhang, Cathy
name: Preckel, Paul
name: Ortega, David L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: International Development
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: search theory
subject: empirical contract theory
subject: development
subject: contract enforcement

description: We estimate the effect of search frictions on Kenyan farmers' decisions to supply French beans for export under contract. This paper has two main contributions. First, we build on the competitive wage models of Moen (1997) and Mortensen and Wright (2002) to include imperfect contract enforcement. Second, we employ two novel empirical methodologies to test our model using data from Kenya's French bean export industry. The first methodology measures search frictions based on the spatial density of firms and farmers in the market. The second uses preferences measured in a choice experiment to quantify the impact of search frictions on farmers entry and exit decisions under different contract enforcement scenarios. We find that search frictions are present in the market which primarily limits farmers' abilities to match with potential buyers but not vice versa. Examining the two component submarkets of the French bean export market, we find that search frictions are a potential barrier to entry for the fresh submarket and may be a factor in farmers' exit decision from the processed market. Lastly, we find search frictions are a potential barrier in areas where buyers are perceived as more reliable, suggesting a potential trade-off for policymakers depending on whether they design an intervention to target contract enforcement or search frictions. These findings are important for designing more effective programs to connect small-scale producers to French bean markets.
The Effect of Gender on Productivity Status in U.S. Agriculture
Creators: name: Harris, J. Michael
name: Williams, Robert P.
name: Mishra, Ashok K.
name: Harris, J. Michael
name: Williams, Robert P.
name: Mishra, Ashok K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Production Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: impact of gender
subject: net farm income
subject: total farm output
subject: farming efficiency
subject: production costs
subject: total household income
subject: Average treatment effect (ATE)

description: The role of gender in agriculture has gained considerable attention among policymakers and researchers. According to the 2013 Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS) women served as the principal operator on almost 11 percent of U.S. farms and as a second or third operator on more than 40 percent of farms. Given the importance of women operators in productive agriculture the objective of this report will be to assess the impact of gender on net farm income, total farm output, farming efficiency, production costs, and total household income in the United States. We apply the average treatment approach (ATE) to analyze the impact of operator gender on the income and performance of U.S. farms.
Education Accelerating the Agricultural Transformation: Panel Data Analysis of Rural Mexico
Creators: name: Charlton, Diane
name: Taylor, J. Edward
name: Charlton, Diane
name: Taylor, J. Edward
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Development
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: agricultural transformation
subject: education
subject: development
subject: Mexico
subject: farm labor supply

description: Economic theory shows that education is critical to economic development and to labor sector choice, yet there is little research to indicate the role school access plays in the agricultural transformation, the stage of development when the labor force shifts from primarily agriculture to non-agriculture. This paper identifies the impact of secondary school access on the probability of working in agriculture using 31 years of household panel data nationally representative of rural Mexico. The findings show that local secondary school access reduces the probability of working in agriculture at age 20 by 6.2 percentage points and the impacts grow as individuals age. The theoretical model shows that instrumenting for education using changes in school supply leads to inflated coefficient estimates when there are heterogeneous returns to education across labor sectors. This is consistent with the empirical literature, which typically finds greater returns to education using instrumental variables compared to OLS. Nevertheless, estimating the reduced form impacts of school supply on labor decisions has important implications for policy makers. The findings in this paper show that increased rural education is a significant contributor to the agricultural transformation, which leads to higher incomes in both the farm and non-farm sectors.
Analysis of the SBP-SAT Stabilization for Finite Element Methods Part I: Linear Problems
Creators: name: Abgrall, Rémi
name: Nordström, Jan
name: Öffner, Philipp
name: Tokareva, Svetlana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65M12, 65M60, 65M70

description: In the hyperbolic community, discontinuous Galerkin approaches are mainly applied when finite element methods are considered. As the name suggested, the DG framework allows a discontinuity at the element interfaces, which seems for many researchers a favorable property in case of hyperbolic balance laws. On the contrary, continuous Galerkin method obtained from a straightforward discretisation of the weak form of the PDEs appear to be unsuitable for hyperbolic problems. To remedy this issue, stabilization terms are usually added and various formulations can be found in the literature. There exists still the perception that continuous Galerkin methods are not suited to hyperbolic problems, and the reason of this is the continuity of the approximation. However, this perception is not true and the stabilization terms can be removed, in general, provided the boundary conditions are suitable. In this paper, we deal with this problem, and present a different approach. We use the boundary conditions to stabilize the scheme following a procedure that are frequently used in the finite difference community. Here, the main idea is to impose the boundary conditions weakly and specific boundary operators are constructed such that they guarantee stability. This approach has already been used in the DG framework, but here we apply it with a continuous Galerkin scheme. No internal dissipation is needed even if unstructured grids are used. Further, we point out that we do not need exact integration, it suffices if the quadrature rule and the norm in the differential operator are the same, such that the summation-by-parts (SBP) property is fulfilled meaning that a discrete Gauss Th. is valid. This contradicts the perception in the hyperbolic community that stability issues for pure Galerkin scheme exist. In numerical simulations, we verify our theoretical analysis.
description: 28 pages, 10 figures
Topological Transitions and Enhancon-like Geometries in Calabi-Yau Compactifications of M-Theory
Creators: name: Mohaupt, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the impact of topological phase transitions of the internal Calabi-Yau threefold on the space-time geometry of five-dimensional extremal black holes and black strings. For flop transitions and SU(2) gauge symmetry enhancement we show that solutions can always be continued and that the behaviour of metric, gauge fields and scalars can be characterized in a model independent way. Then we look at supersymmetric solutions which describe naked singularities rather than geometries with a horizon. For black strings we show that the solution cannot become singular as long as the scalar fields take values inside the Kahler cone. For black holes we establish the same result for the elliptic fibrations over the Hirzebruch surfaces F_0, F_1, F_2. These three models exhibit a behaviour similar to the enhancon, since one runs into SU(2) enhancement before reaching the apparent singularity. Using the proper continuation inside the enhancon radius one finds that the solution is regular.
description: 7 pages
Osientomon Nakamura 2010, gen. nov.
Creators: name: Nakamura, Osami
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Entognatha
Protura
Eosentomidae
Osientomon

description: Genus Osientomon Nakamura gen. nov.
 Type species: Osientomon japonicum sp. nov.
 Additional species: Osientomon linoculum (Zhang & Yin, 1981) comb. nov.
 Diagnosis. Eosentomids with spiracles on thoracic tergites II– III and three pairs of two-segmented abdominal appendages. On head, labral setae present. Foretarsal sensillum e absent; g short and setiform; b'1 absent. On female squama genitalis, processus sternalis S-shaped and caput processus of duck’s head type.
 Discussion. Among Eosentomidae, the present genus is characterized by having setiform g on the foretarsus as in Isoentomon Tuxen from Europe (Corsica), Africa (Kenya), Mexico, Brazil and Australia (Tuxen, 1975) and Madagascarentomon Nosek from Madagascar (Nosek, 1978). However, the new genus differs from the latter two by the presence of labral setae on the head and the shape of caput processus on the female squama genitalis; it further differs from Isoentomon by the absence of foretarsal sensillum b'1, and from Madagascarentomon by the absence of foretarsal sensillum e and the length of g. This new genus also resembles Zhongguohentomon Yin from China (Yin, 1979), but it clearly differs from the latter in the absence of foretarsal sensillum e, the shape of g, the position of P2a on abdominal tergite VIII, and the structure of female squama genitalis.
 Zhang & Yin (1981) described Isoentomon linoculum, which Yin (1999) moved to Paranisentomon Zhang & Yin. However, I consider it appropriate to include the species in the new genus proposed here, as it bears a short and setiform g on foretarsus, which places it in Isoentominae, rather than Anisentominae. This species also has labral setae on the head, lacks foretarsal sensillum b'1, and possesses an S-shaped processus sternalis and duck’s head-type caput processus on the female squama genitalis, characters of Osientomon and not Isoentomon.
 Etymology. The generic name is made by anagram of the genus Isoentomon, which is closely to the new genus; gender neuter.
 Distribution. Japan and China.
description: Published as part of Nakamura, Osami, 2010, Taxonomic revision of the family Eosentomidae (Hexapoda: Protura) from Japan 2701, pp. 1-109 in Zootaxa 2701 on pages 5-6
Resonant frequencies of a massless scalar field in the canonical acoustic black hole spacetime
Creators: name: Vieira, H. S.
name: Bezerra, V. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we consider the exact solution of the Klein-Gordon equation describing a massless scalar field in the spacetime of a four dimensional canonical acoustic black hole, which is given in terms of the general Heun function, to investigate the interesting phenomena related to the resonant frequencies.
description: 14 pages, 2 figures
Factors Affecting Locking Times at 600 ft. and 1,200 ft. Locks on the Mississippi River with an Examination of Excessive Locking Time Charges
Creators: name: Meyer, Seth D.
name: Kruse, John
name: Meyer, Seth D.
name: Kruse, John
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: This research investigates factors influencing locking time as well as the source of variation in the locking time on the Upper Mississippi River, and includes tow characteristics and environmental conditions over 1992-2004. The newer 1,200 ft. locks reduce both locking time and time variation, improving efficiency on the system as a whole. Importantly, the analysis suggests lock capacity has declined over the 1992 to 2004 period for all locks. After correcting for tow and environmental characteristics, very little of the remaining variation is explained by a unique vessel identification number assigned by the Army Corps of Engineers, indicating that lockage fees based purely on relative locking times would not provide the intended result.