cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Covid-19 Pandemic is a Paradoxical Challenge to Our Nervous System: A Polyvagal Perspective
Creators: name: Porges, Stephen W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: The spread of the SARSCov2 virus presents an unprecedented event that rapidly introduced widespread life threat, economic de-stabilization, and social isolation. The human nervous system is tuned to detect safety and danger, integrating body and brain responses via the autonomic nervous system. Polyvagal Theory provides a perspective to understand the impact of the pandemic on mental and physical health. This perspective highlights the important role of the state of the autonomic nervous system in exacerbating or dampening threat reactions to the pandemic. In addition, the theory alerts us to the impact of clinical history (e.g., trauma) on autonomic regulation as an important compounding risk factor lowering the threshold to behaviorally and physiologically destabilize in response to the pandemic. The theory provides a strategy to dampen the adverse reactions to threat (e.g., acute stress disorders) through portals of social engagement that evolved to downregulate defenses to promote calmness and connectedness.
Reconfiguration of vertex colouring and forbidden induced subgraphs
Creators: name: Belavadi, Manoj
name: Cameron, Kathie
name: Merkel, Owen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C15

description: The reconfiguration graph of the $k$-colourings, denoted $\mathcal{R}_k(G)$, is the graph whose vertices are the $k$-colourings of $G$ and two colourings are adjacent in $\mathcal{R}_k(G)$ if they differ in colour on exactly one vertex. In this paper, we investigate the connectivity and diameter of $\mathcal{R}_{k+1}(G)$ for a $k$-colourable graph $G$ restricted by forbidden induced subgraphs. We show that $\mathcal{R}_{k+1}(G)$ is connected for every $k$-colourable $H$-free graph $G$ if and only if $H$ is an induced subgraph of $P_4$ or $P_3+P_1$. We also start an investigation into this problem for classes of graphs defined by two forbidden induced subgraphs. We show that if $G$ is a $k$-colourable ($2K_2$, $C_4$)-free graph, then $\mathcal{R}_{k+1}(G)$ is connected with diameter at most $4n$. Furthermore, we show that $\mathcal{R}_{k+1}(G)$ is connected for every $k$-colourable ($P_5$, $C_4$)-free graph $G$.
description: 10 pages
Industrial seafood systems in the immobilizing COVID-19 moment
Creators: name: Havice, Elizabeth
name: Vandergeest, Peter
name: Marschke, Melissa
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2020

description: Immobilization is a key tool for containing COVID-19. Yet,
mobility is a hallmark of industrial seafood systems that
are an important source of food security and employment
around the world (FAO 2018).1 For example, tuna might be
caught through the labor of Indonesian workers on Taiwanese
flagged vessels that fish throughout Solomon Islands’
and Papua New Guinea’s waters; and it might be processed
and canned by Myanmar workers in processing plants in
Thailand, before being sold in major supermarkets globally.
So what then comes of industrial seafood systems, including
the workers in them, when managing the spread COVID-19
focuses on restricting mobilities?
Modernization of Board Certification in Radiation Oncology: Opportunities Following COVID-19
Creators: name: Goodman, Chelain R
name: Kahn, Jenna M
name: Agarwal, Ankit
name: Campbell, Shauna R
name: Jeans, Elizabeth B
name: Tye, Karen
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2020

description: The outbreak of the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic and its
accompanying disease, COVID-19, has demonstrated that
in extraordinary circumstances healthcare systems are
capable of adapting rapid and profound change. In a matter
of weeks, virtual communication and remote interfacing
were launched at clinics nationwide to ensure the continuation
of patient care while minimizing the risk of viral
transmission. Amidst these events, senior residents and
junior staff physicians were preparing for the initial certification
(IC) examinations administered by the American
Board of Radiology (ABR) required for board certification
in radiation oncology.
Distributed Detection in Ad Hoc Networks Through Quantized Consensus
Creators: name: Zhu, Shengyu
name: Chen, Biao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study asymptotic performance of distributed detection in large scale connected sensor networks. Contrasting to the canonical parallel network where a single node has access to local decisions from all other nodes, each node can only exchange information with its direct neighbors in the present setting. We establish that, with each node employing an identical one-bit quantizer for local information exchange, a novel consensus reaching approach can achieve the optimal asymptotic performance of centralized detection as the network size scales. The statement is true under three different detection frameworks: the Bayesian criterion where the maximum a posteriori detector is optimal, the Neyman-Pearson criterion with a constant type-I error probability constraint, and the Neyman-Pearson criterion with an exponential type-I error probability constraint. Leveraging recent development in distributed consensus reaching using bounded quantizers with possibly unbounded data (which are log-likelihood ratios of local observations in the context of distributed detection), we design a one-bit deterministic quantizer with controllable threshold that leads to desirable consensus error bounds. The obtained bounds are key to establishing the optimal asymptotic detection performance. In addition, we examine non-asymptotic performance of the proposed approach, and show that the type-I and type-II error probabilities at each node can be made arbitrarily close to the centralized ones simultaneously when a continuity condition is satisfied.
description: Accepted to IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
One-parameter scaling theory for DNA extension in a nanochannel
Creators: name: Werner, E.
name: Cheong, G. K.
name: Gupta, D.
name: Dorfman, K. D.
name: Mehlig, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Experiments measuring DNA extension in nanochannels are at odds with even the most basic predictions of current scaling arguments for the conformations of confined semiflexible polymers such as DNA. We show that a theory based on a weakly self-avoiding, one-dimensional "telegraph" process collapses experimental data and simulation results onto a single master curve throughout the experimentally relevant region of parameter space and explains the mechanisms at play.
description: Revised version. 5 pages, 4 figures, revised version, supplementary information
(500453) William McDougal [MacDougal]
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Neural network representation of tensor network and chiral states
Creators: name: Huang, Yichen
name: Moore, Joel E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the representational power of Boltzmann machines (a type of neural network) in quantum many-body systems. We prove that any (local) tensor network state has a (local) neural network representation. The construction is almost optimal in the sense that the number of parameters in the neural network representation is almost linear in the number of nonzero parameters in the tensor network representation. Despite the difficulty of representing (gapped) chiral topological states with local tensor networks, we construct a quasi-local neural network representation for a chiral $p$-wave superconductor. These results demonstrate the power of Boltzmann machines.
description: v2: introduction expanded; close to the published version
Ways COVID‐19 may impact unrelated pharmacoepidemiologic research using routinely collected data
Creators: name: Webster‐Clark, Michael
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2020

description: I read with interest the review by Pottegård et al1 discussing considerations
for pharmacoepidemiologic studies aiming to address the ongoing
novel human coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The authors raise
a variety of excellent points about how the various data sets we
routinely use can help researchers study treatments relevant to
the outbreak. With 2020 coming to a close, I feel it is time for
pharmacoepidemiologists to address another looming question related
to real-world evidence: how can we incorporate routinely collected
data from 2020 and 2021 into analyses of safety and efficacy for
drugs and medical treatments unrelated to COVID-19?
Asynchronous pediatric caregiver simulation in a virtual setting during the COVID pandemic
Creators: name: Meyer, Beau D.
name: Quinonez, Rocio B.
name: Fearnow, BS Bethany
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2020

description: Patient simulation has been used widely in health professions
education.1-3 The University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH) Adams School of Dentistry has
embraced patient simulations as a core component of student
assessment. Students complete in-person interviews
with standardized patient (SP) actors to practice interviewing
skills and develop deeper diagnostic reasoning and
critical thinking. Simulation exercises are treated as real-life
events subject to professional codes of conduct and
confidentiality regulations.
(500456) Thomas Bradley
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Ideal mutations in triangulated categories and generalized Auslander-Reiten theory
Creators: name: Zhang, Yaohua
name: Zhu, Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16G70, 18G80, 16N20

description: We introduce the notion of ideal mutations in a triangulated category, which generalizes the version of Iyama and Yoshino \cite{iyama2008mutation} by replacing approximations by objects of a subcategory with approximations by morphisms of an ideal. As applications, for a Hom-finite Krull-Schmidt triangulated category $\mathcal{T}$ over an algebraically closed field $K$. (1) We generalize a theorem of Jorgensen \cite[Theorem 3.3]{jorgensen2010quotients} to a more general setting; (2) We provide a method to detect whether $\mathcal{T}$ has Auslander-Reiten triangles or not by checking the necessary and sufficient conditions on its Jacobson radical $\mathcal{J}$: (i) $\mathcal{J}$ is functorially finite, (ii) Gh$_{\mathcal{J}}= {\rm CoGh}_{\mathcal{J}}$, and (iii) Gh$_{\mathcal{J}}$-source maps coincide with Gh$_{\mathcal{J}}$-sink maps; (3) We generalize the classical Auslander-Reiten theory by using ideal mutations.
description: 23 pages
VB-Courant algebroids, E-Courant algebroids and generalized geometry
Creators: name: Lang, Honglei
name: Sheng, Yunhe
name: Wade, Aissa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we first discuss the relation between VB-Courant algebroids and E-Courant algebroids and construct some examples of E-Courant algebroids. Then we introduce the notion of a generalized complex structure on an E-Courant algebroid, unifying the usual generalized complex structures on even-dimensional manifolds and generalized contact structures on odd-dimensional manifolds. Moreover, we study generalized complex structures on an omni-Lie algebroid in detail. In particular, we show that generalized complex structures on an omni-Lie algebra $\gl(V)\oplus V$ correspond to complex Lie algebra structures on V.
description: 19 pages
Exercise for Older Adults Improves the Quality of Life in Parkinson’s Disease and Potentially Enhances the Immune Response to COVID-19
Creators: name: Church, Frank C.
name: Hall, Mary-Frances E.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2020

description: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder brought about due to dopaminergic neuronal cell loss in the midbrain substantia nigra pars compacta region. PD presents most commonly in older adults and is a disorder of both motor and nonmotor dysfunction. The novel SARS-CoV-2 virus is responsible for the recent COVID-19 pandemic, and older individuals, those with preexisting medical conditions, or both have an increased risk of developing COVID-19 with more severe outcomes. People-with-Parkinson's (PwP) of advanced age can have both immune and autonomic nervous problems that potentially lead to pre-existing pulmonary dysfunction and higher infection risk, increasing the probability of contracting COVID-19. A lifestyle change involving moderate-intensity exercise has the potential to protect against SARS-CoV-2 through strengthening the immune system. In addition to a potential protective measure against SARS-CoV-2, exercise has been shown to improve quality-of-life (QoL) in PD patients. Recent studies provide evidence of exercise as both neuroprotective and neuroplastic. This article is a literature review investigating the role exercise plays in modifying the immune system, improving health outcomes in PwP, and potentially acting as a protective measure against SARS-Cov-2 infection. We conclude that exercise, when correctly performed, improves QoL and outcomes in PwP, and that the enhanced immune response from moderate-intensity exercise could potentially offer additional protection against COVID-19.
(500454) George McDougal
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Critical groups of arithmetical structures under a generalized star-clique operation
Creators: name: Diaz-Lopez, Alexander
name: Louwsma, Joel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C50 (Primary) 05C25, 11C20, 15B36, 20K01 (Secondary)

description: An arithmetical structure on a finite, connected graph without loops is given by an assignment of positive integers to the vertices such that, at each vertex, the integer there is a divisor of the sum of the integers at adjacent vertices, counted with multiplicity if the graph is not simple. Associated to each arithmetical structure is a finite abelian group known as its critical group. Keyes and Reiter gave an operation that takes in an arithmetical structure on a finite, connected graph without loops and produces an arithmetical structure on a graph with one fewer vertex. We study how this operation transforms critical groups. We bound the order and the invariant factors of the resulting critical group in terms of the original arithmetical structure and critical group. When the original graph is simple, we determine the resulting critical group exactly.
description: 19 pages, 3 figures; v2: minor improvements to exposition
Tableau formulas for skew Grothendieck polynomials
Creators: name: Tamvakis, Harry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05E05, 05E14, 14N15

description: An element of a Weyl group of classical type is skew if it is the left factor in a reduced factorization of a Grassmannian element. The skew Grothendieck polynomials are those which are indexed by skew elements of the Weyl group. We define set-valued tableaux which are fillings of the associated skew Young diagrams and use them to prove tableau formulas for the skew double Grothendieck polynomials in all four classical Lie types. We deduce tableau formulas for the Grassmannian Grothendieck polynomials and the K-theoretic analogues of the (double mixed) skew Stanley functions in the respective Lie types.
description: 23 pages, 2 figures. Minor corrections made; final version. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2008.07034
Does SARS-CoV-2 cause viral myocarditis in COVID-19 patients?
Creators: name: Zhou, Ruihai
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Year: 2020

description: Since the first cases reported in Wuhan, China, coronavirus disease
2019 (COVID-19) has spread swiftly around the world, and is caused
by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
Computing Electronic Correlation Energies using Linear Depth Quantum Circuits
Creators: name: Chee, Chong Hian
name: Mak, Adrian M.
name: Leykam, Daniel
name: Barkoutsos, Panagiotis Kl.
name: Angelakis, Dimitris G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Efficient computation of molecular energies is an exciting application of quantum computing for quantum chemistry, but current noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices can only execute shallow circuits, limiting existing variational quantum algorithms, which require deep entangling quantum circuit ansatzes to capture correlations, to small molecules. Here we demonstrate a variational NISQ-friendly algorithm that generates a set of mean-field Hartree-Fock (HF) ansatzes using multiple shallow circuits with depth linear in the number of qubits to estimate electronic correlation energies via perturbation theory up to the second order. We tested the algorithm on several small molecules, both with classical simulations including noise models and on cloud quantum processors, showing that it not only reproduces the equilibrium molecular energies but it also captures the perturbative electronic correlation effects at longer bond distances. As fidelities of quantum processors continue to improve our algorithm will enable the study of larger molecules compared to other approaches requiring higher-order polynomial circuit depth.
description: 11+6 pages, 4+5 figures; v2: revised sections 1 and 2, updated figures in sections 2.2 and 2.3
High-charge 10 GeV electron acceleration in a 10 cm nanoparticle-assisted hybrid wakefield accelerator
Creators: name: Aniculaesei, Constantin
name: Ha, Thanh
name: Yoffe, Samuel
name: McCary, Edward
name: Spinks, Michael M
name: Quevedo, Hernan J.
name: Labun, Lance
name: Labun, Ou Z.
name: Sain, Ritwik
name: Hannasch, Andrea
name: Zgadzaj, Rafal
name: Pagano, Isabella
name: Franco-Altamirano, Jose A.
name: Ringuette, Martin L.
name: Gaul, Erhart
name: Luedtke, Scott V.
name: Tiwari, Ganesh
name: Ersfeld, Bernhard
name: Brunetti, Enrico
name: Ruhl, Hartmut
name: Ditmire, Todd
name: Bruce, Sandra
name: Donovan, Michael E.
name: Jaroszynski, Dino A.
name: Downer, Michael C.
name: Hegelich, Bjorn Manuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In an electron wakefield accelerator, an intense laser pulse or charged particle beam excites plasma waves. Under proper conditions, electrons from the background plasma are trapped in the plasma wave and accelerated to ultra-relativistic velocities. We present recent results from a proof-of-principle wakefield acceleration experiment that reveal a unique synergy between a laser-driven and particle-driven accelerator: a high-charge laser-wakefield accelerated electron bunch can drive its own wakefield while simultaneously drawing energy from the laser pulse via direct laser acceleration. This process continues to accelerate electrons beyond the usual decelerating phase of the wakefield, thus reaching much higher energies. We find that the 10-centimeter-long nanoparticle-assisted wakefield accelerator can generate 340 pC, 10.4+-0.6 GeV electron bunches with 3.4 GeV RMS convolved energy spread and 0.9 mrad RMS divergence. It can also produce bunches with lower energy, a few percent energy spread, and a higher charge. This synergistic mechanism and the simplicity of the experimental setup represent a step closer to compact tabletop particle accelerators suitable for applications requiring high charge at high energies, such as free electron lasers or radiation sources producing muon beams.
Many-body formalism for thermally excited wave-packets: A way to connect the quantum regime to the classical regime
Creators: name: Chenu, Aurélia
name: Combescot, Monique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Free classical particles have well-defined momentum and position, while free quantum particles have well-defined momentum but a position fully delocalized over the sample volume. We develop a many-body formalism based on wave-packet operators that connects these two limits, the thermal energy being distributed between the state spatial extension and its thermal excitation. The corresponding `mixed quantum-classical' states, which render the Boltzmann operator diagonal, are the physically relevant states when the temperature is finite. The formulation of many-body Hamiltonians in terms of these thermally excited wave-packets and the resulting effective scatterings is provided.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, 2 pages supplementary material. (v2) link to the coherent states added. Final published version. (v3) 1 Ref. added
COVID-19 and School Psychology: Adaptations and New Directions for the Field
Creators: name: Fenning, Pam
name: Song, Samuel Y.
name: Espelage, Dorothy L.
name: Wang, Cixin
name: Jimerson, Shane R.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020

description: The COVID-19 pandemic, beginning January 2020, has already had an unprecedented impact on children, families, and schools around the world and in the U.S. The context and impact has varied considerably over time, including tremendous variation in schools providing education services in-person, via remote/distance learning, and various hybrid configurations involving both in-person and remote/distance learning configurations. This special topic section of School Psychology Review aims to disseminate innovations and adaptations in research, training, and practice that help to inform and advance the field during the COVID-19 pandemic. This introductory article offers a brief acknowledgement of the pervasive impact on communities around the world, provides a succinct synthesis of several recent research developments focused on key issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic and school psychology, as well as the pervasive impact on society, and then highlights the first three articles featured in this special topic section focused on adaptations and new directions for the field.
(500455) Thomas Duncan
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Contrastive Masked Autoencoders are Stronger Vision Learners
Creators: name: Huang, Zhicheng
name: Jin, Xiaojie
name: Lu, Chengze
name: Hou, Qibin
name: Cheng, Ming-Ming
name: Fu, Dongmei
name: Shen, Xiaohui
name: Feng, Jiashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Masked image modeling (MIM) has achieved promising results on various vision tasks. However, the limited discriminability of learned representation manifests there is still plenty to go for making a stronger vision learner. Towards this goal, we propose Contrastive Masked Autoencoders (CMAE), a new self-supervised pre-training method for learning more comprehensive and capable vision representations. By elaboratively unifying contrastive learning (CL) and masked image model (MIM) through novel designs, CMAE leverages their respective advantages and learns representations with both strong instance discriminability and local perceptibility. Specifically, CMAE consists of two branches where the online branch is an asymmetric encoder-decoder and the momentum branch is a momentum updated encoder. During training, the online encoder reconstructs original images from latent representations of masked images to learn holistic features. The momentum encoder, fed with the full images, enhances the feature discriminability via contrastive learning with its online counterpart. To make CL compatible with MIM, CMAE introduces two new components, i.e. pixel shifting for generating plausible positive views and feature decoder for complementing features of contrastive pairs. Thanks to these novel designs, CMAE effectively improves the representation quality and transfer performance over its MIM counterpart. CMAE achieves the state-of-the-art performance on highly competitive benchmarks of image classification, semantic segmentation and object detection. Notably, CMAE-Base achieves $85.3\%$ top-1 accuracy on ImageNet and $52.5\%$ mIoU on ADE20k, surpassing previous best results by $0.7\%$ and $1.8\%$ respectively. The source code is publicly accessible at \url{https://github.com/ZhichengHuang/CMAE}.
description: Accepted by TPAMI
Kinetic simulations of the interruption of large-amplitude shear-Alfvén waves in a high-beta plasma
Creators: name: Squire, J.
name: Kunz, M. W.
name: Quataert, E.
name: Schekochihin, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using two-dimensional hybrid-kinetic simulations, we explore the nonlinear "interruption" of standing and traveling shear-Alfvén waves in collisionless plasmas. Interruption involves a self-generated pressure anisotropy removing the restoring force of a linearly polarized Alfvénic perturbation, and occurs for wave amplitudes $δB_{\perp}/B_{0}\gtrsim β^{\,-1/2}$ (where $β$ is the ratio of thermal to magnetic pressure). We use highly elongated domains to obtain maximal scale separation between the wave and the ion gyroscale. For standing waves above the amplitude limit, we find that the large-scale magnetic field of the wave decays rapidly. The dynamics are strongly affected by the excitation of oblique firehose modes, which transition into long-lived parallel fluctuations at the ion gyroscale and cause significant particle scattering. Traveling waves are damped more slowly, but are also influenced by small-scale parallel fluctuations created by the decay of firehose modes. Our results demonstrate that collisionless plasmas cannot support linearly polarized Alfvén waves above $δB_{\perp}/B_{0}\sim β^{\,-1/2}$. They also provide a vivid illustration of two key aspects of low-collisionality plasma dynamics: (i) the importance of velocity-space instabilities in regulating plasma dynamics at high $β$, and (ii) how nonlinear collisionless processes can transfer mechanical energy directly from the largest scales into thermal energy and microscale fluctuations, without the need for a scale-by-scale turbulent cascade.
Boosted nonparametric hazards with time-dependent covariates
Creators: name: Lee, Donald K. K.
name: Chen, Ningyuan
name: Ishwaran, Hemant
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62N02 (Primary) 62G05, 90B22 (Secondary)

description: Given functional data from a survival process with time-dependent covariates, we derive a smooth convex representation for its nonparametric log-likelihood functional and obtain its functional gradient. From this, we devise a generic gradient boosting procedure for estimating the hazard function nonparametrically. An illustrative implementation of the procedure using regression trees is described to show how to recover the unknown hazard. The generic estimator is consistent if the model is correctly specified; alternatively, an oracle inequality can be demonstrated for tree-based models. To avoid overfitting, boosting employs several regularization devices. One of them is step-size restriction, but the rationale for this is somewhat mysterious from the viewpoint of consistency. Our work brings some clarity to this issue by revealing that step-size restriction is a mechanism for preventing the curvature of the risk from derailing convergence.
A geometric construction of isospectral magnetic graphs
Creators: name: Fabila-Carrasco, John Stewart
name: Lledó, Fernando
name: Post, Olaf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C50, 05C76, 47B39, 15A18

description: We present a geometrical construction of families of finite isospectral graphs labelled by different partitions of a natural number $r$ of given length $s$ (the number of summands). Isospectrality here refers to the discrete magnetic Laplacian with normalised weights (including standard weights). The construction begins with an arbitrary finite graph $G$ with normalised weight and magnetic potential as a building block from which we construct, in a first step, a family of so-called frame graphs $(F_a)_{a \in \mathbb{N}}$. A frame graph $F_a$ is constructed contracting $a$ copies of $G$ along a subset of vertices $V_0$. In a second step, for any partition $A=(a_1,\dots,a_s)$ of length $s$ of a natural number $r$ (i.e., $r=a_1+\dots+a_s$) we construct a new graph $F_A$ contracting now the frames $F_{a_1},\dots,F_{a_s}$ selected by $A$ along a proper subset of vertices $V_1\subset V_0$. All the graphs obtained by different $s$-partitions of $r\geq 4$ (for any choice of $V_0$ and $V_1$) are isospectral and non-isomorphic.
 In particular, we obtain increasing finite families of graphs which are isospectral for given $r$ and $s$ for different types of magnetic Laplacians including the standard Laplacian, the signless standard Laplacian, certain kinds of signed Laplacians and, also, for the (unbounded) Kirchhoff Laplacian of the underlying equilateral metric graph. The spectrum of the isospectral graphs is determined by the spectrum of the Laplacian of the building block $G$ and the spectrum for the Laplacian with Dirichlet conditions on the set of vertices $V_0$ and $V_1$ with multiplicities determined by the numbers $r$ and $s$ of the partition.
description: 31 pages, 10 figures, 5 tables. To appear in Analysis and Mathematical Physics. Final version: new references to the bibliography, new example with vertex virtualisation, Fig.4 improved
Impacts of COVID-19 on access to transportation for people with disabilities
Creators: name: Cochran, Abigail L.
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2020

description: People with disabilities may be particularly vulnerable to the direct health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic as well as the wider impacts of the pandemic response. People with disabilities experience numerous barriers to using transportation to access essential goods, like fresh food, and services, like medical care, that are necessary for maintaining health. The pandemic and the pandemic response threaten to exacerbate persistent health disparities and add to transportation barriers that disadvantage people with disabilities. To better understand difficulties that individuals with disabilities are facing using transportation and meeting their needs during the pandemic, I conducted in-depth interviews with 21 San Francisco Bay Area residents with disabilities between March 20 and April 6, 2020, immediately following adoption of the first shelter-in-place orders in the region. Analyzing these interviews, I find that the pandemic is aggravating many difficulties accessing transportation and other essentials that people with disabilities regularly encounter. These include challenges accessing reliable and safe transportation as well as up-to-date communications about transportation and public health, and difficulties getting needed assistance using transportation and completing activities of daily living ranging from personal care to getting groceries. I recommend that those involved in the pandemic response make a concerted and intentional effort to address barriers to accessing needed transportation, communications, and assistance that people with disabilities are facing during the pandemic, paving the way for a more inclusive pandemic response.
Modeling thermal regulation in thin vascular systems: A mathematical analysis
Creators: name: Nakshatrala, Kalyana B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Mimicking vascular systems in living beings, designers have realized microvascular composites to achieve thermal regulation and other functionalities, such as electromagnetic modulation, sensing, and healing. Such material systems avail circulating fluids through embedded vasculatures to accomplish the mentioned functionalities that benefit various aerospace, military, and civilian applications. Although heat transfer is a mature field, control of thermal characteristics in synthetic microvascular systems via circulating fluids is new, and a theoretical underpinning is lacking. What will benefit designers are predictive mathematical models and an in-depth qualitative understanding of vascular-based active cooling/heating. So, the central focus of this paper is to address the remarked knowledge gap. \emph{First}, we present a reduced-order model with broad applicability, allowing the inlet temperature to differ from the ambient temperature. \emph{Second}, we apply mathematical analysis tools to this reduced-order model and reveal many heat transfer properties of fluid-sequestered vascular systems. We derive point-wise properties (minimum, maximum, and comparison principles) and global properties (e.g., bounds on performance metrics such as the mean surface temperature and thermal efficiency). These newfound results deepen our understanding of active cooling/heating and propel the perfecting of thermal regulation systems.
Log-algebraic identities on Drinfeld modules and special L-values
Creators: name: Chang, Chieh-Yu
name: El-Guindy, Ahmad
name: Papanikolas, Matthew A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11G09 (Primary), 11M38, 11J93 (Secondary)

description: We formulate and prove a log-algebraicity theorem for arbitrary rank Drinfeld modules defined over the polynomial ring F_q[theta]. This generalizes results of Anderson for the rank one case. As an application we show that certain special values of Goss L-functions are linear forms in Drinfeld logarithms and are transcendental.
description: 21 pages
(500457) George Burrell
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Balancing robustness and redundancy in the design of environmental sensor networks
Creators: name: Budi, S
Publisher: name: University of Tasmania
Year: 2018

description: This thesis proposes a new approach in the design of Environmental Sensor Networks (ESN) by achieving the highest possible robustness with minimal redundancy. The proposed methodology produces the optimal number of sensor nodes require to best achieve its purpose, determines the optimal placement of sensor nodes, and investigates the impact caused by noise or gaps in the data. Noise and sensor data gaps are usually resulting from sensor errors (e.g., biofouling, electronics noise) or communication failures.
The distribution of sensor nodes in a given region is proposed using Evolutionary Algorithm (EA) as the optimisation tool. The main advantage of EA is the fact that it can test a large number of possible solutions without bias from local optima. The algorithm compares the best possible configuration of sensor nodes in an ESN using fitness function as the difference between the result yielded from the network and the historical data as a validated environmental models. The results obtained were promising, however, the proposed methodology relies on historical data. To overcome this limitation a set of mobile platforms (e.g., drones, animal-carrying sensors, robots, boats of opportunity) is simulated as collecting data from the environment (i.e., from a large modelling output set). The results of the mobile platform readings are then spatial-temporally interpolated and the results used by the EA to propose a configuration of the first ESN.
Validation for the proposed methods in this thesis is achieved by formulating and running the methods in a form of simulation study. The effectiveness of each ESN design produced in representing the RoI is compared against SouthEsk data model (i.e., as a representation for the actual measured value in the RoI). The performance of the proposed methods is also compared with some other methods in ESN design, including with expert knowledge.
The main contributions of this work are the measure of ESN representativeness which enable to assess and to compare the performance of different ESN designs; the method to find optimum ESN design which best represents a region of interest with a balance between minimum redundancy and maximum robustness; and the use of mobile platforms for data sampling to capture environmental behaviour in a region of interest which is useful for ESN design in the absence of historical data.
Study of systematic effects in the HfF$^+$ ion experiment to search for the electron electric dipole moment
Creators: name: Petrov, A. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The energy splitings for $J = 1$, $F=3/2$, $|M_F|=3/2$ hyperfine levels of the $^3Δ_1$ electronic state of $^{180}$Hf$^{19}$F$^+$ ion are calculated as functions of the external variable electric and magnetic fields within two approaches. In the first one transition to the rotating frame is performed, whereas in the second approach the quantization of rotating electromagnetic field is performed. Calculations are required for understanding possible systematic errors in the experiment to search for electron electric dipole moment (eEDM) on $^{180}$Hf$^{19}$F$^+$ ion.
Distance Learning and Parental Mental Health During COVID-19
Creators: name: Vargas, Edward
name: Ortega, Alberto
name: Davis, Cassandra R.
name: Rubalcaba, Joaquin Alfredo-Angel
name: Grooms, Jevay
Publisher: name: American Educational Research Association (AERA)
Year: 2020

description: As COVID-19 cases continue to increase across the country, there is a concern about the extent to which this pandemic will affect students. Since March 2020, schools transitioned to a distance-learning format, which unintentionally forced parents into new teaching roles as proxy educators. In this brief, we explore the association between distance learning and the mental health of proxy educators. We find that parents with children who struggled with distance learning experienced elevated mental distress. Given the relationship between teacher burnout and student outcomes, we argue the importance of supporting parents during this time to improve students’ schooling.
Mabuchi Solitons and Relative Ding Stability of Toric Fano Varieties
Creators: name: Yao, Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C55 35J96 14M25 51M16

description: As a generalization of Kahler-Einstein metrics for Fano manifolds with nonvanishing Futaki invariant, Mabuchi solitons are critical points of a Calabi-type energy functional. We study their existence on toric Fano varieties and the underlying algebraic stability notion: relative Ding stability. As a toy model for a YTD type correspondence, a new feature is the emergence of a non-uniformly stable case. We show a partial coercivity for the modified Ding functionals in this case, and obtain singular Mabuchi solitons via a variational approach. In the unstable case, we determine the maximal destabilizer which is a simple convex function over the moment polytope, and establish a Moment-Weight equality which connects the infimum of a Calabi-type energy and the Berman-Ding invariant.
description: 44 pages, 1 figure. Final version. Many minor revisions. To appear on Int. Math. Res. Not. IMRN
Chiral to Nematic Crossover in the Superconducting State of 4Hb-TaS$_2$
Creators: name: Silber, I.
name: Mathimalar, S.
name: Mangel, I.
name: Green, O.
name: Avraham, N.
name: Beidenkopf, H.
name: Feldman, I.
name: Kanigel, A.
name: Klein, A.
name: Goldstein, M.
name: Banerjee, A.
name: Sela, E.
name: Dagan, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most superconductors have an isotropic, single component order parameter, and are well described by the BCS theory for superconductivity. Unconventional, multiple components superconductors are exceptionally rare and are much less understood. Here, we combine scanning tunneling microscopy and angle-resolved macroscopic transport to study the candidate chiral superconductor, 4Hb-TaS$_2$. We reveal quasi-periodic one-dimensional modulations in the tunneling conductance accompanied by two-fold symmetric superconducting critical field. The strong modulation of the in-plane critical field, points to a nematic, unconventional order parameter. However, the imaged vortex core is nearly circular symmetric, suggesting an isotropic order parameter. We reconcile this apparent discrepancy by modeling a competition between a dominating chiral superconducting order parameter and a nematic one, the latter emerges close to the normal phase. Our results strongly support the existence of two-component superconductivity in 4Hb-TaS$_2$ and can provide useful insights to other systems with coexistent charge order and superconductivity.
Why STEMM leaders need to talk seriously about ethics
Creators: name: Hering, Janet G.
name: Maurice, Patricia A.
Publisher: name: Epistimi
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: gender
subject: diversity
subject: Ethnic Violence/ethics
subject: ethics
subject: scientific integrity
subject: Leadership

description: Are we, as academics, sufficiently willing to engage with our colleagues on issues of ethics and behavior?  As women leaders in STEMM, how does this affect us and what are our responsibilities?  This is a copy of a blog posted on the Epistimi website at:  https://www.epistimi.org/blog/why-stemm-leaders-need-to-talk-seriously-about-ethics
When separation is not the answer: Breastfeeding mothers and infants affected by COVID‐19
Creators: name: Ververs, Mija‐Tesse
name: Palmquist, Aunchalee E.L.
name: Tomori, Cecília
name: Gross, Marielle S.
name: Gribble, Karleen
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2020

description: The World Health Organization (WHO) has provided detailed guidance on the care of infants of women who are persons under investigation (PUI) or confirmed to have COVID-19. The guidance supports immediate post-partum mother-infant contact and breastfeeding with appropriate respiratory precautions. Although many countries have followed WHO guidance, others have implemented infection prevention and control (IPC) policies that impose varying levels of post-partum separation and discourage or prohibit breastfeeding or provision of expressed breast milk. These policies aim to protect infants from the potential harm of infection from their mothers, yet they may fail to fully account for the impact of separation. Global COVID-19 data are suggestive of potentially lower susceptibility and a typically milder course of disease among children, although the potential for severe disease in infancy remains. Separation causes cumulative harms, including disrupting breastfeeding and limiting its protection against infectious disease, which has disproportionate impacts on vulnerable infants. Separation also presumes the replaceability of breastfeeding-a risk that is magnified in emergencies. Moreover, separation does not ensure lower viral exposure during hospitalizations and post-discharge, and contributes to the burden on overwhelmed health systems. Finally, separation magnifies maternal health consequences of insufficient breastfeeding and compounds trauma in communities who have experienced long-standing inequities and violence, including family separation. Taken together, separating PUI/confirmed SARS-CoV-2-positive mothers and their infants may lead to excess preventable illnesses and deaths among infants and women around the world. Health services must consider the short-andlong-term impacts of separating mothers and infants in their policies.