cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Constraints from orbital motions around the Earth of the environmental fifth-force hypothesis for the OPERA superluminal neutrino phenomenology
Creators: name: Iorio, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been recently suggested by Dvali and Vikman that the superluminal neutrino phenomenology of the OPERA experiment may be due to an environmental feature of the Earth, naturally yielding a long-range fifth force of gravitational origin whose coupling with the neutrino is set by the scale M_*, in units of reduced Planck mass. Its characteristic length lambda should not be smaller than one Earth's radius R_e, while its upper bound is expected to be slightly smaller than the Earth-Moon distance (60 R_e). We analytically work out some orbital effects of a Yukawa-type fifth force for a test particle moving in the modified field of a central body. Our results are quite general since they are not restricted to any particular size of lambda; moreover, they are valid for an arbitrary orbital configuration of the particle, i.e. for any value of its eccentricity $e$. We find that the dimensionless strength coupling parameter alpha is constrained to |alpha| <= 1 10^-10-4 10^-9 for 1 R_e <= lambda <= 10 R_e by the laser data of the Earth's artificial satellite LAGEOS II, corresponding to M_* >= 4 10^9 -1.6 10^10. The Moon perigee allows to obtain |alpha| <= 3 10^-11 for the Earth-Moon pair in the range 15 R_e <= lambda <= 60 R_e, which translates as M_* >= 3 10^10 - 4.5 10^10. Our results are neither necessarily limited to the superluminal OPERA scenario nor to the Dvali-Vikman model, in which it is M_* = 10^-6 at lambda = 1 R_e, in contrast with our bounds: they generally extend to any theoretical scenario implying a fifth-force of Yukawa-type.
description: LaTex2e, 18 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, 81 references
g_A from Lattice QCD
Creators: name: Gupta, Rajan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: Following a short overview of the lattice QCD calculations of isovector charges of the nucleon, I will present results for isovector g_A=1.218(25)(30) obtained by the PNDME collaboration using eleven 2+1+1-flavor HISQ ensembles generated by the MILC collaboration. The talk will cover details of the control over excited state contamination and the the chiral-continuum-finite volume fits leading to the final results. A careful comparison will be made with recent CalLat result g_A=1.271(13). We show that the difference comes from the chiral and continuum extrapolation: CalLat data on the two physical mass ensembles have large errors and do not contribute significantly to the fits, i.e., their estimate is essentially based on fits to data with Mπ ≥ 220 MeV, and they have not simulated the fine a = 0.57 fm ensembles that pull down our estimate. Our conclusion is that more work is needed to understand and resolve the systematics at the percent level.
Getting to know the artist : understanding why artists are important contributors to the climate change conversation
Creators: name: Morgado, Claudia
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Finding avenues of communication to get different members of society to commit to engage in personal actions to determine the outcome of climate change is of great concern and priority to all communicators. The academic literature suggests that research has demonstrated that in order to access a people’s desire to change is most successfully reached if they are given different alternatives and decision-making power in addition to addressing their emotions using images and the imagination. Art, as history has demonstrated when it engages in a dialogue with its viewer, has tremendous power to encourage people to reflect on their thoughts and actions, and can act as a catalyst for change. Art is also an intrinsic tool for human communication and education. The purpose of this research was to achieve a deeper understanding in the importance that art can play in engaging people in climate change action by delving in an analysis of the inquiry process of the artist. This research employs a qualitative methodology. One on one interviews were conducted with nine artists working in different artistic medium, but share the need to dialogue with their audience their concerns for the environment. Secondary source data was added by interviewing three scientists working in fields of study that concerned climate change issues. The research analysis gives insight into the importance of considering artists as key communicators when looking for effective strategies to educate, raise awareness and encourage pro-environmental action. The process of getting an idea and realizing it into an art piece that is to be viewed by an audience is directly connected to the artist’s participation and expressing issues of society, which climate change is. Even though further research with a larger segment of the artistic population may yield a more thorough approach, the results do suggests that finding solutions of engaging people in pro environmental action may consist in getting the communicators to create cross-over relationships between disciplines that includes the arts, and engaging in polymathic problem solving strategies that motivate different people to commit to actions and adaptive practices to reduce GHG and build a brighter future.
Dangling bonds and magnetism of grain boundaries in graphene
Creators: name: Akhukov, M. A.
name: Fasolino, A.
name: Gornostyrev, Y. N.
name: Katsnelson, M. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Grain boundaries with dangling bonds (DBGB) in graphene are studied by atomistic Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations in combination with density functional (SIESTA) calculations. The most stable configurations are selected and their structure is analyzed in terms of grain boundary dislocations. It is shown that the grain boundary dislocation with the core consisting of pentagon, octagon and heptagon (5-8-7 defect) is a typical structural element of DBGB with relatively low energies. Electron energy spectrum and magnetic properties of the obtained DBGB are studied by density functional calculations. It is shown that the 5-8-7 defect is magnetic and that its magnetic moment survives after hydrogenation. The effects of hydrogenation and of out of plane deformations on the magnetic properties of DBGB are studied.
description: 10 pages, 11 figures, 4 tables, the final version accepted in prb
Baxter operator formalism for Macdonald polynomials
Creators: name: Gerasimov, Anton
name: Lebedev, Dimitri
name: Oblezin, Sergey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We develop basic constructions of the Baxter operator formalism for the Macdonald polynomials associated with root systems of type A. Precisely we construct a dual pair of mutually commuting Baxter operators such that the Macdonald polynomials are their common eigenfunctions. The dual pair of Baxter operators is closely related to the dual pair of recursive operators for Macdonald polynomials leading to various families of their integral representations. We also construct the Baxter operator formalism for the q-deformed gl(l+1)-Whittaker functions and the Jack polynomials obtained by degenerations of the Macdonald polynomials associated with the type A_l root system. This note provides a generalization of our previous results on the Baxter operator formalism for the Whittaker functions. It was demonstrated previously that Baxter operator formalism for the Whittaker functions has deep connections with representation theory. In particular the Baxter operators should be considered as elements of appropriate spherical Hecke algebras and their eigenvalues are identified with local Archimedean L-factors associated with admissible representations of reductive groups over R. We expect that the Baxter operator formalism for the Macdonald polynomials has an interpretation in representation theory of higher-dimensional arithmetic fields.
description: 22 pages, typos are fixed
Universal transport near a quantum critical Mott transition in two dimensions
Creators: name: Witczak-Krempa, William
name: Ghaemi, Pouyan
name: Senthil, T.
name: Kim, Yong Baek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the universal transport signatures near a zero-temperature continuous Mott transition between a Fermi liquid (FL) and a quantum spin liquid in two spatial dimensions. The correlation-driven transition occurs at fixed filling and involves fractionalization of the electron: upon entering the spin liquid, a Fermi surface of neutral spinons coupled to an internal gauge field emerges. We present a controlled calculation of the value of the zero temperature universal resistivity jump predicted to occur at the transition. More generally, the behavior of the universal scaling function that collapses the temperature and pressure dependent resistivity is derived, and is shown to bear a strong imprint of the emergent gauge fluctuations. We further predict a universal jump of the thermal conductivity across the Mott transition, which derives from the breaking of conformal invariance by the damped gauge field, and leads to a violation of the Wiedemann-Franz law in the quantum critical region. A connection to organic salts is made, where such a transition might occur. Finally, we present some transport results for the pure rotor O(N) CFT.
description: 27 pages, 16 figures
Continuous Volitional Control of a Bionic Leg Supports Diverse Walking Patterns in both AMI and Bone-Anchored Prosthesis User
Creators: name: Damonte, Federica
name: Avanci Gaudio, Lucas
name: José Gonzales-Vargas
name: Durandau, Guillaume
name: Ernst, Jennifer
name: Rietman, Johan
name: Leijendekkers, Ruud
name: van der kooij, herman
name: Sartori, Massimo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biomechanics, Electromyography, Control systems, Legs, AMI, BAP

description: Myoelectric control paradigms have the potential to enable continuous volitional control of bionic limbs in various movement conditions. Although individuals with agonist-antagonist muscle interface (AMI) amputation were proven to display a greater degree of continuous volitional control in bionic ankle-foot systems with respect to conventional socket-suspended prosthetic users, it remains unclear how myoelectric interfaces could translate to non-AMI prosthetic users with bone-anchored prostheses (BAP). This study proposes a human-machine interface (HMI) based on a neuromechanical model to enable volitional, continuous control of a bionic leg in AMI and BAP users, walking across various speeds and ground inclinations. Differently from state of the art solutions, the proposed method is based on a digital twin of the intact contralateral leg, synthesizing the user's phantom limb musculoskeletal function as controlled by muscle activations measured from the stump. When embedded in a real-time framework, it enabled the participants to achieve volitional modulation of peak muscle activation timing and amplitude during overground walking at three speeds (between 1.6 and 3.96 km/h). Moreover, case studies are provided during calf-raises (30, 45, and 60 bpm) and ramp ascent walking (3 and 5 \% incline). Before prosthesis control tests, the participants underwent a 2-day gait training session; results showed that all three subjects learned how to alter initial muscle activation patterns so that an average of 87\% of peak activation timing fell within target ranges. The proposed neuromechanical modeling technology opens new avenues toward generalizable HMI for the volitional control of active prostheses beyond set conditions and subjects.
The host galaxies and black-hole:galaxy mass ratios of luminous quasars at z~4
Creators: name: Targett, Thomas A.
name: Dunlop, James S.
name: McLure, Ross J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present and analyse the deepest, high-quality Ks-band images ever obtained of luminous quasars at z~4, in an attempt to determine the basic properties of their host galaxies less than 1 Gyr after the first recorded appearance of black holes with Mbh > 10^9 Msol. To maximise the robustness of our results we have carefully selected two SDSS quasars at z~4. These quasars are representative of the most luminous quasars known at this epoch but they also, crucially, lie within 40 arcsec of comparably-bright foreground stars (required for accurate PSF definition), and have redshifts which ensure line-free Ks-band imaging. The data were obtained in excellent seeing (<0.4-arcsec) at the ESO VLT with integration times of ~5.5 hours per source. Via carefully-controlled separation of host-galaxy and nuclear light, we estimate the luminosities and stellar masses of the host galaxies, and set constraints on their half-light radii. The quasar host galaxies have K-band luminosities similar to radio galaxies at comparable redshifts, suggesting that these quasar hosts are also among the most massive galaxies in existence at this epoch. However, the quasar hosts are a factor ~5 smaller than the host galaxies of luminous low-redshift quasars. We estimate the stellar masses of the z~4 host galaxies to lie in the range 2-10x10^11 Msol, and use the CIV emission line in the Sloan spectra to estimate the masses of their black holes. The results imply a black-hole:host-galaxy mass ratio Mbh:Mgal~0.01-0.05. This is an order of magnitude higher than typically seen in the low-redshift Universe, and is consistent with existing evidence for a systematic growth in this mass ratio with increasing redshift, at least for objects selected as powerful AGN.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Fabrics and Food: 25 Years of Scientific Analysis of Medieval Ceramics
Creators: name: Hughes, MJ
name: Evans, J Lloyd
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2023

description: Medieval Ceramics: Journal of the Medieval Ceramics Research Group, 24, 79-90
description: Scientific techniques have been extensively applied to medieval ceramics over the last 25 years, and as the techniques have developed the types of information obtained have widened. Major advances have been made in provenance studies, including a number of large-scale projects involving hundreds of sherds. Questions of ancient technology have also held the attention of scientists and ceramic specialists. In addition, the uses to which pots were put have been investigated by the analysis of food residues and other organic deposits using techniques for organic chemical analysis.
The Clinical Outcome Study for dysferlinopathy: An international multicenter study
Creators: name: Harris, Elizabeth
name: Bladen, Catherine L.
name: Mayhew, Anna
name: Bettinson, Karen
name: Moore, Ursula
name: Smith, Fiona E.
name: Rufibach, Laura
name: Cnaan, Avital
name: Bharucha-Goebel, Diana X.
name: Blamire, Andrew M.
name: Bravver, Elena
name: Carlier, Pierre G.
name: Day, John W.
name: Díaz-Manera, Jordi
name: Eagle, Michelle
name: Grieben, Ulrike
name: Harms, Matthew Benjamin
name: Jones, Kristi J.
name: Lochmüller, Hanns
name: Mendell, Jerry R.
name: Mori-Yoshimura, Madoka
name: Paradas, Carmen
name: Pegoraro, Elena
name: Pestronk, Alan
name: Salort-Campana, Emmanuelle
name: Schreiber-Katz, Olivia
name: Semplicini, Claudio
name: Spuler, Simone
name: Stojkovic, Tanya
name: Straub, Volker
name: Takeda, Shin’ich
name: Rocha, Carolina Tesi
name: Walter, M. C.
name: Bushby, Kate
name: Consortium, The Jain COS
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Epidemiology
subject: Muscular dystrophy
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neurology

description: Objective: To describe the baseline clinical and functional characteristics of an international cohort of 193 patients with dysferlinopathy.

Methods: The Clinical Outcome Study for dysferlinopathy (COS) is an international multicenter study of this disease, evaluating patients with genetically confirmed dysferlinopathy over 3 years. We present a cross-sectional analysis of 193 patients derived from their baseline clinical and functional assessments.

Results: There is a high degree of variability in disease onset, pattern of weakness, and rate of progression. No factor, such as mutation class, protein expression, or age at onset, accounted for this variability. Among patients with clinical diagnoses of Miyoshi myopathy or limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, clinical presentation and examination was not strikingly different. Respiratory impairment and cardiac dysfunction were observed in a minority of patients. A substantial delay in diagnosis was previously common but has been steadily reducing, suggesting increasing awareness of dysferlinopathies.

Conclusions: These findings highlight crucial issues to be addressed for both optimizing clinical care and planning therapeutic trials in dysferlinopathy. This ongoing longitudinal study will provide an opportunity to further understand patterns and variability in disease progression and form the basis for trial design.
A nonlinear finite element model of the rat cervical spine : validation and correlation with histological measures of spinal cord injury
Creators: name: Russell, Colin Macdonald
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Researchers and clinicians do not currently use the heterogeneity of the primary mechanism of spinal cord injury (SCI) to tailor treatment strategies because the effects of these distinct patterns of acute mechanical damage on long-term neuropathology have not been fully investigated. Computational modelling of SCI enables the analysis of mechanical forces and deformations within the spinal cord tissue that are not visible experimentally. I created a dynamic, hyperviscoelastic three-dimensional finite element (FE) model of the rat cervical spine and simulated contusion and dislocation SCI mechanisms. I investigated the relationship between maximum principal strain and previously published tissue damage patterns, and compared primary injury patterns between mechanisms. My model incorporates the spinal cord white and gray matter, dura mater, cerebrospinal fluid, spinal ligaments, intervertebral discs, a rigid indenter and vertebrae, and failure criteria for ligaments and vertebral endplates. High-speed (1 m/s) contusion and dislocation injuries were simulated between vertebral levels C3 and C6 to match previous animal experiments, and average peak maximum principal strains were calculated for several regions at the injury epicentre and at 1 mm intervals from +5 mm rostral to -5 mm caudal to the lesion. I compared average peak principal strains to tissue damage measured previously via axonal permeability to 10 kD fluorescein-dextran (Choo, 2007). Linear regression of tissue damage against peak maximum principal strain for pooled data within white matter regions yields significant (p < 0.0001) correlations that are similar for both contusion (R² = 0.86) and dislocation (R² = 0.54). With additional simulations of cord contusion injuries at lower injury velocities of 3 and 300 mm/s, I found that current material properties used to model the cord are not biofidelic within this velocity range. By fitting existing experimental cord material testing data and plotting alongside the material properties used in several related models, I further demonstrated the remaining divide between experimental data and computational models. My model enhances our understanding of the differences in injury patterns between SCI mechanisms, and provides further evidence for the link between principal strain and tissue damage. Furthermore, my results speak to a continued need to test cord material properties at a range of strains and strain rates to better refine cord hyperviscoelastic properties.
Aspects of spherical shells in a D-dimensional background
Creators: name: Eiroa, Ernesto F.
name: Simeone, Claudio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, shells are mathematically constructed by applying the cut and paste procedure to D-dimensional spherically symmetric geometries. The weak energy condition for the matter on the shells is briefly analyzed. The dynamical evolution is studied, and the general formalism for the stability of static solutions is presented. Several examples corresponding to different spacetime dimensions and values of the parameters are considered.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures; v2: minor changes
ABCA7 frameshift deletion associated with Alzheimer disease in African Americans
Creators: name: Cukier, Holly N.
name: Kunkle, Brian
name: Vardarajan, Badri N.
name: Rolati, Sophie
name: Hamilton-Nelson, Kara L.
name: Kohli, Martin A.
name: Whitehead, Patrice L.
name: Dombroski, Beth A.
name: Van Booven, Derek
name: Lang, Rosalyn
name: Dykxhoorn, Derek M.
name: Farrer, Lindsay A.
name: Cuccaro, Michael L.
name: Vance, Jeffery M.
name: Gilbert, John R.
name: Beecham, Gary W.
name: Martin, Eden R.
name: Carney, Regina M.
name: Mayeux, Richard Paul
name: Schellenberg, Gerard D.
name: Byrd, Goldie S.
name: Haines, Jonathan L.
name: Pericak-Vance, Margaret A.
name: Consortium, The Alzheimer Disease Genetics
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Neurology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Alzheimer's disease--Genetic aspects
subject: African Americans
subject: ATP-binding cassette transporters

description: Objective: To identify a causative variant(s) that may contribute to Alzheimer disease (AD) in African Americans (AA) in the ATP-binding cassette, subfamily A (ABC1), member 7 (ABCA7) gene, a known risk factor for late-onset AD.

Methods: Custom capture sequencing was performed on ∼150 kb encompassing ABCA7 in 40 AA cases and 37 AA controls carrying the AA risk allele (rs115550680). Association testing was performed for an ABCA7 deletion identified in large AA data sets (discovery n = 1,068; replication n = 1,749) and whole exome sequencing of Caribbean Hispanic (CH) AD families.

Results: A 44-base pair deletion (rs142076058) was identified in all 77 risk genotype carriers, which shows that the deletion is in high linkage disequilibrium with the risk allele. The deletion was assessed in a large data set (531 cases and 527 controls) and, after adjustments for age, sex, and APOE status, was significantly associated with disease (p = 0.0002, odds ratio [OR] = 2.13 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.42–3.20]). An independent data set replicated the association (447 cases and 880 controls, p = 0.0117, OR = 1.65 [95% CI: 1.12–2.44]), and joint analysis increased the significance (p = 1.414 × 10−5, OR = 1.81 [95% CI: 1.38–2.37]). The deletion is common in AA cases (15.2%) and AA controls (9.74%), but in only 0.12% of our non-Hispanic white cohort. Whole exome sequencing of multiplex, CH families identified the deletion cosegregating with disease in a large sibship. The deleted allele produces a stable, detectable RNA strand and is predicted to result in a frameshift mutation (p.Arg578Alafs) that could interfere with protein function.

Conclusions: This common ABCA7 deletion could represent an ethnic-specific pathogenic alteration in AD.
title: Context-guided splitting: optimising method dispatch in dynamic languages
Creators: name: Kaleba, Sophie
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2025

description: Dynamic languages are widely used, for instance on the server, in the browser, as well as for machine learning and scientific computing. Languages such as Ruby are attractive to developers, because they offer a diverse set of dynamic features, such as late binding, dynamic typing, and meta-programming capabilities. While these features grant a high degree of expressiveness, they also bring extra complexity to the runtime systems to achieve good performance. For instance, a common optimisation invented almost half a century ago minimises the run-time overhead of dynamic dispatch by using lookup caches. Splitting and inlining achieve similar goals. TruffleRuby is a modern runtime using these optimisations. It is built on top of GraalVM, a meta-compilation system that aims at re-using complex run-time components such as a just-in-time compiler between several language implementations. 
In this dissertation, I investigate dynamic dispatch and method splitting in dynamic languages and aim to reduce their run-time overhead. As a first step, I investigate whether the long-held assumptions they use about call behaviour are still valid today and find that they indeed largely are. However, the analysis also uncovers that around 90% of splitting in TruffleRuby might be redundant. As a solution to this oversplitting, I propose Context-Guided Splitting, an alternative splitting heuristic that guides splitting decisions using contextual insight, i.e., the types of the current arguments of a call. It aims to reduce memory usage and compilation time by re-using previously split methods. 
I evaluate the effectiveness of Context-Guided Splitting by comparing it with other splitting strategies on a diverse set of 37 Ruby benchmarks running on top of TruffleRuby, ranging from micro-benchmarks to larger, industry-inspired workloads. I show that Context-Guided Splitting successfully monomorphises 100% of megamorphic call-sites, and 99.3% (min. 96.8%, max. 100%) of polymorphic call-sites on average. Compared to the standard splitting approaches, it benefits polymorphic, and especially megamorphic benchmarks most, for which we observe a decrease of 56.6% of the time spent in garbage collection, and a decrease of run time compilation time by 37.5% (min. -78.9%, max. 2.39×). Across the benchmark set as a whole, it decreases the AST size by 5.3% (min. -52.4%, max. 74.3%). With these results, we believe that Context-Guided Splitting will benefit large, real-world applications running on top of meta-compilation systems, making these systems more suitable for use in practice.
On the formalism and upper limits for spin-dependent cross sections in dark matter elastic scattering with nuclei
Creators: name: Cannoni, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revise the spin-dependent neutralino-nucleus elastic scattering comparing the formalisms and approximations found in literature for the momentum transfer dependent structure functions. We argue that one of the normalized structure functions of Divari, Kosmas, Vergados and Skouras is all that one needs to correctly take into account the detailed nuclear physics information provided by shell-model calculations. The factorization of the particle physics degrees of freedom from the nuclear physics momentum dependent structure functions implied by this formalism allows for a better understanding of the so-called model independent method for setting upper limits. We further discuss the possibility of experiments with spin-dependent sensitivity like COUPP to test or set limits on the proton spin-dependent cross section in the framework of the stau co-annihilation region of the constrained minimal supersymmetric standard model. For this model with $A_0 =0$, we provide a fitting formula by which it is possible to convert an upper limit on the spin-independent cross section as a function of the neutralino mass directly into an exclusion plot in the ($m_{1/2}$, $\tanβ$) plane.
description: 12 pages, two column, 5 figures. Minor corrections and typos removed. Accepted in PRD
Phenotypic and molecular analyses of primary lateral sclerosis
Creators: name: Mitsumoto, Hiroshi
name: Nagy, Peter L.
name: Gennings, Chris
name: Murphy, Jennifer
name: Andrews, Howard F.
name: Goetz, Raymond R.
name: Floeter, Mary Kay
name: Hupf, Jonathan
name: Singleton, Jessica
name: Barohn, Richard J.
name: Nations, Sharon
name: Shoesmith, Christen
name: Kasarskis, Edward
name: Factor-Litvak, Pam
name: Group, The PLS COSMOS Study
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Neurology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
subject: Motor neurons--Diseases

description: Objective: To understand phenotypic and molecular characteristics of patients with clinically “definite” primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) in a prospective study.

Methods: Six sites enrolled 41 patients who had pure upper motor neuron dysfunction, bulbar symptoms, a normal EMG done within 12 months of enrollment, and onset of symptoms ≥5 years before enrollment. For phenotypic analyses, 27 demographic, clinical, and cognitive variables were analyzed using the k-means clustering method. For molecular studies, 34 available DNA samples were tested for the C9ORF72 mutation, and exome sequencing was performed to exclude other neurologic diseases with known genetic cause.

Results: K-means clustering using the 25 patients with complete datasets suggested that patients with PLS can be classified into 2 groups based on clinical variables, namely dysphagia, objective bulbar signs, and urinary urgency. Secondary analyses performed in all 41 patients and including only variables with complete data corroborated the results from the primary analysis. We found no evidence that neurocognitive variables are important in classifying patients with PLS. Molecular studies identified C9ORF72 expansion in one patient. Well-characterized pathogenic mutations were identified in SPG7, DCTN1, and PARK2. Most cases showed no known relevant mutations.

Conclusions: Cluster analyses based on clinical variables indicated at least 2 subgroups of clinically definite PLS. Molecular analyses further identified 4 cases with mutations associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson disease, and possibly hereditary spastic paraplegia. Phenotypic and molecular characterization is the first step in investigating biological clues toward the definition of PLS. Further studies with larger numbers of patients are essential.
Additional file 2 of Identification of anti-inflammatory compounds from Zhongjing formulae by knowledge mining and high-content screening in a zebrafish model of inflammatory bowel diseases
Creators: name: Yu, Yunru
name: Chen, Jing
name: Zhang, Xiaohui
name: Wang, Yingchao
name: Wang, Shufang
name: Zhao, Lu
name: Wang, Yi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2: Figure S1. Toxicity assay of all compounds in the screening.
Subproduct systems over N$\times$N
Creators: name: Gurevich, Maxim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47L30, 47L75 (Primary) 47L20, 16D25 (Secondary)

description: We develop the theory of subproduct systems over the monoid $\mathbb{N}\times \mathbb{N}$, and the non-self-adjoint operator algebras associated with them. These are double sequences of Hilbert spaces $\{X(m,n)\}_{m,n=0}^\infty$ equipped with a multiplication given by coisometries from $X(i,j)\otimes X(k,l)$ to $X(i+k, j+l)$. We find that the character space of the norm-closed algebra generated by left multiplication operators (the tensor algebra) is homeomorphic to a Euclidean homogeneous algebraic variety intersected with a unit ball. Certain conditions are isolated under which subproduct systems whose tensor algebras are isomorphic must be isomorphic themselves. In the absence of these conditions, we show that two numerical invariants must agree on such subproduct systems. Additionally, we classify the subproduct systems over $\mathbb{N}\times \mathbb{N}$ by means of ideals in algebras of non-commutative polynomials.
description: 28 pages
Genome-wide scan in Hispanics highlights candidate loci for brain white matter hyperintensities
Creators: name: Beecham, Ashley
name: Dong, Chuanhui
name: Wright, Clinton B.
name: Dueker, Nicole
name: Brickman, Adam M.
name: Wang, Liyong
name: DeCarli, Charles
name: Blanton, Susan
name: Rundek, Tatjana
name: Mayeux, Richard Paul
name: Sacco, Ralph L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Neurology
subject: Human genome
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Hispanic Americans

description: Objective: To investigate genetic variants influencing white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) in the understudied Hispanic population.

Methods: Using 6.8 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify SNPs associated with WMH volume (WMHV) in 922 Hispanics who underwent brain MRI as a cross-section of 2 community-based cohorts in the Northern Manhattan Study and the Washington Heights–Inwood Columbia Aging Project. Multiple linear modeling with PLINK was performed to examine the additive genetic effects on ln(WMHV) after controlling for age, sex, total intracranial volume, and principal components of ancestry. Gene-based tests of association were performed using VEGAS. Replication was performed in independent samples of Europeans, African Americans, and Asians.

Results: From the SNP analysis, a total of 17 independent SNPs in 7 genes had suggestive evidence of association with WMHV in Hispanics (p < 1 × 10−5) and 5 genes from the gene-based analysis with p < 1 × 10−3. One SNP (rs9957475 in GATA6) and 1 gene (UBE2C) demonstrated evidence of association (p < 0.05) in the African American sample. Four SNPs with p < 1 × 10−5 were shown to affect binding of SPI1 using RegulomeDB.

Conclusions: This GWAS of 2 community-based Hispanic cohorts revealed several novel WMH-associated genetic variants. Further replication is needed in independent Hispanic samples to validate these suggestive associations, and fine mapping is needed to pinpoint causal variants.
Computing growth functions of braid monoids and counting vertex-labelled bipartite graphs
Creators: name: Gebhardt, Volker
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 20F36 (Primary) 20F10, 05A15, 68R05 (Secondary)

description: We derive a recurrence relation for the number of simple vertex-labelled bipartite graphs with given degrees of the vertices and use this result to obtain a new method for computing the growth function of the Artin monoid of type $A_{n-1}$ with respect to the simple elements (permutation braids) as generators. Instead of matrices of size $2^{n-1}\times 2^{n-1}$, we use matrices of size $p(n)\times p(n)$, where $p(n)$ is the number of partitions of $n$.
description: reference added
Additional file 1 of Intraoperative indocyanine green video angiography (ICG–VA) with FLOW 800 software in complex intracranial aneurysm surgery
Creators: name: Xue, Tao
name: Deng, Ruming
name: Gao, Bixi
name: Wang, Zilan
name: Ma, Chao
name: You, Wanchun
name: Zhu, Yun
name: Chen, Zhouqing
name: Wang, Zhong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Plasma Physics
subject: Hematology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Details of FLOW 800 findings for all cases with associated operative information. Figure S1. The postoperative imaging data of three representative patients.
Holographic 3-point function at one loop
Creators: name: Bissi, Agnese
name: Harmark, Troels
name: Orselli, Marta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the recent weak/strong coupling match of three-point functions in the AdS/CFT correspondence for two semi-classical operators and one light chiral primary operator found by Escobedo et al. This match is between the tree-level three-point function with the two semi-classical operators described by coherent states while on the string side the three-point function is found in the Frolov-Tseytlin limit. We compute the one-loop correction to the three-point function on the gauge theory side and compare this to the corresponding correction on the string theory side. We find that the corrections do not match. Finally, we discuss the possibility of further contributions on the gauge theory side that can alter our results.
description: 24 pages, 2 figures. v2: Typos fixed, Ref. added, figure improved. v3: Several typos and misprints fixed, Ref. updated, figures improved, new section 2.3 added on correction from spin-flipped coherent state, computations on string theory side improved
Libya: Sanctions Removal Done Right? A Review of the Libyan Sanctions Experience, 1980–2006
Creators: name: Nephew, Richard M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Economic sanctions
Sanctions (International law)
International relations
International economic relations

description: This paper reviews first the history of sanctions imposition against Libya from 1980–2000 and then sanctions relief from 2000–2011. In it, I offer an assessment first of the effects of sanctions and then the effects of sanctions relief, seeking to pin down the degree to which sanctions—rather than other economic factors or policy choices—were responsible for Libyan economic development. The paper then concludes with an analysis of the sanctions relief that Libya enjoyed and potential lessons for future sanctions imposition and relief projects.
Unique isoperimetric foliations of asymptotically flat manifolds in all dimensions
Creators: name: Eichmair, Michael
name: Metzger, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe explicitly the large volume isoperimetric regions of a natural class of asymptotically flat manifolds, in any dimension. These isoperimetric regions detect the mass and the center of mass of such manifolds when viewed as initial data sets for the Einstein equations in general relativity. Using the positivity of the isoperimetric mass established by G. Huisken we prove an existence result for large isoperimetric regions in general asymptotically flat three manifolds with non-negative scalar curvature.
description: All comments welcome! To appear in Invent. Math
Diagnostic odyssey of patients with mitochondrial disease: Results of a survey
Creators: name: Grier, Johnston
name: Hirano, Michio
name: Karaa, Amel
name: Shepard, Emma
name: Thompson, John L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Neurology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Mitochondrial pathology
subject: Biometry

description: Objective To document the complex “diagnostic odyssey” of patients with mitochondrial disease.

Methods We analyzed data from 210 Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network Contact Registry participants who were patients with a biochemical deficiency or self-reported diagnosis of mitochondrial disease, or their caregivers.

Results Participants saw an average of 8.19 clinicians (SD 8.0, median 5). The first clinician consulted about symptoms was typically a primary care physician (56.7%), although 35.2% of participants initially sought a specialist. Of note, 55.2% of participants received their diagnosis from a neurologist, 18.2% from a clinical geneticist, and 11.8% from a metabolic disease specialist. A majority of the participants (54.6%) received 1 or more nonmitochondrial diagnoses before their final mitochondrial diagnosis. In their pursuit of a diagnosis, 84.8% of participants received blood tests, 71% a muscle biopsy, 60.5% MRI, and 38.6% urine organic acids. In addition, 39.5% of the participants underwent mitochondrial DNA sequencing, 19% sequencing of nuclear gene(s), and 11.4% whole-exome sequencing.

Conclusions The diagnostic odyssey of patients with mitochondrial disease is complex and burdensome. It features multiple consultations and tests, and, often, conflicting diagnoses. These reflect disease variety, diagnostic uncertainty, and clinician unfamiliarity. The current survey provides an important benchmark. Its replication at appropriate intervals will assist in tracking changes that may accompany increased popularity of exome testing, more rigorous diagnostic criteria, increased patient reported outcome activity, and trials for promising therapies.
АЛГОРИТМЫ РАДИОЛОКАЦИОННЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ ДЛЯ РЕАЛЬНЫХ ДАННЫХ ГЕОРАДАРА
Creators: name: Искаков   Казизат Такуадинович
name: Боранбаев   Самат Акшабаевич
name: Дауренбеков Куаныш Койшыгулович Куаныш  Койшыгулович
Publisher: name: Труды Международной Азиатской школы-семинара «Проблемы оптимизации сложных систем»
Year: 2023
Subjects: радарограмма
спектр сигнала
вейвлеты
трешолдинг
критерий Штейна

description: В работе рассматриваются алгоритмы георадиолокационного подповерхностного зондирования основанные на изучении распространения электромагнитных волн в среде описываемой системой уравнений Максвелла. Постановка обратной задачи состоит, в определении геоэлектрического разреза, а именно физического состояния среды, по дополнительной информации. В качестве этой информации в задачах электромагнитной геофизики принимают отклик среды, а именно горизонтальную компоненту вектора электрической напряженности в точке наблюдения. Для использования данных необходимо провести предварительную обработку экспериментальных измерений с целью выделения информативных сигналов. Для этого в работе рассматривается алгоритм и разработана программа дискретного вейвлет преобразования радарограммы для удаления посторонних частот из сигнала георадара.
IJOBIY YUZGA PUTUR YETKAZUVCHI OMILLAR
Creators: name: Nurmatova, Munisxon
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Goffman tomonidan taklif etilgan ijobiy va salbiy yuz tushunchalari ijobiy yoxud salbiy obro', imidj ma'nosida tushunilmaydi.
ИМИТАЦИОННАЯ МОДЕЛЬ ВЫБОРА СТРАТЕГИИ РАЗВИТИЯ РЕСУРСНОГО МЕГАПРОЕКТА
Creators: name: Пляскина Нина  Ильинична
Publisher: name: Труды Международной Азиатской школы-семинара «Проблемы оптимизации сложных систем»
Year: 2023
Subjects: инвестиционная стратегия
мегапроект
компании
управление
имитационная модель
налоговые преференции

description: Предложена имитационная модель выбора инвестиционной стратегии мегапроекта на основе оценки экономической эффективности инвестиционных проектов экономических агентов (компаний) с детализированным налоговым блоком. Построен алгоритм управления мегапроектом, позволяющий определить государственные налоговые преференции компаниям в регионах мегапроекта. Расчеты проведены на реальной экономической ин-формации мегапроекта Восточно-Сибирского нефтегазового комплекса и компаний ПАО "Роснефть" и "Газпром".
Semi-realistic nucleon-nucleon interactions with improved neutron-matter properties
Creators: name: Nakada, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New parameter-sets of the semi-realistic nucleon-nucleon interaction are developed, by modifying the M3Y interaction but maintaining the tensor channels and the longest-range central channels. The modification is made so as to reproduce microscopic results of neutron-matter energies, in addition to the measured binding energies of doubly magic nuclei including $^{100}$Sn and the even-odd mass differences of the Z=50 and N=82 nuclei in the self-consistent mean-field calculations. Separation energies of the proton- or neutron-magic nuclei are shown to be in fair agreement with the experimental data. With the new parameter-sets M3Y-P6 and P7, the isotropic spin-saturated symmetric nuclear matter remains stable in the density range as wide as $ρ\lesssim 6ρ_0$, while keeping desirable results of the previous parameter-set on finite nuclei. Isotope shifts of the Pb nuclei and tensor-force effects on shell structure are discussed.
description: 18 pages including 7 figures
АЛГОРИТМ ЭКСТРАГРАДИЕНТНОГО МЕТОДА РЕШЕНИЯ ЗАДАЧИ ВАРИАЦИОННОГО НЕРАВЕНСТВА В ЕВКЛИДОВОМ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕ
Creators: name: Наргиз Ханкишиева Хати
name: Хазар Эльман
name: Фаражзаде Али
name: Эзги Кайа
Publisher: name: Труды Международной Азиатской школы-семинара «Проблемы оптимизации сложных систем»
Year: 2023
Subjects: система вариационных неравенств
неподвижная точка
отображение
алгоритмы

description: Изучена и разработана общая система вариационных неравенств. В данной работе предлагается алгоритм экстра-градиентного метода решения задачи вариационного неравенства в евклидовом пространстве R^n. Предлагаемый алгоритм написан на Python, и все уровни метода решения, выраженные алгоритмом, проанализированы шаг за шагом
Fragmentation of Andes-to-Amazon connectivity by hydropower dams
Creators: name: Anderson, Elizabeth P.
name: Jenkins, Clinton N.
name: Heilpern, Sebastian Arnold
name: Maldonado-Ocampo, Javier A.
name: Carvajal-Vallejos, Fernando M.
name: Encalada, Andrea C.
name: Rivadeneira, Juan Francisco
name: Hidalgo, Max
name: Cañas, Carlos M.
name: Ortega, Hernan
name: Salcedo, Norma
name: Maldonado, Mabel
name: Tedesco, Pablo A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Dams--Environmental aspects
subject: River channels
subject: Stream ecology

description: Andes-to-Amazon river connectivity controls numerous natural and human systems in the greater Amazon. However, it is being rapidly altered by a wave of new hydropower development, the impacts of which have been previously underestimated. We document 142 dams existing or under construction and 160 proposed dams for rivers draining the Andean headwaters of the Amazon. Existing dams have fragmented the tributary networks of six of eight major Andean Amazon river basins. Proposed dams could result in significant losses in river connectivity in river mainstems of five of eight major systems—the Napo, Marañón, Ucayali, Beni, and Mamoré. With a newly reported 671 freshwater fish species inhabiting the Andean headwaters of the Amazon (>500 m), dams threaten previously unrecognized biodiversity, particularly among endemic and migratory species. Because Andean rivers contribute most of the sediment in the mainstem Amazon, losses in river connectivity translate to drastic alteration of river channel and floodplain geomorphology and associated ecosystem services.