cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Landau Problem and non-Classicality
Creators: name: Petronilo, G. X. A.
name: Ulhoa, S. C.
name: Araújo, K. V. S.
name: Paiva, R. A. S.
name: Amorim, R. G. G.
name: Santana, A. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exploring the concept of the extended Galilei group G. Representations for field theories in a symplectic manifold have been derived in association with the method of the Wigner function. The representation is written in the light-cone of a de Sitter space-time in five dimensions. A Hilbert space is constructed, endowed with a symplectic structure, which is used as a representation space for the Lie algebra of G. This representation gives rise to the spin-zero Schrödinger (Klein-Gordon-like) equation for the wave functions in phase space, such that the dependent variables have the content of position and linear momentum. This is a particular example of a conformal theory, such that the wave functions are associated with the Wigner function through the Moyal product. We construct the Pauli-Schrödinger (Dirac-like) equation in phase space in its explicitly covariant form. In addition, we analyze the gauge symmetry for spin 1/2 particles in phase space and show how to implement the minimal coupling in this case. We applied to the problem of an electron in an external field, and we recovered the non-relativistic Landau Levels. Finally, we study the parameter of negativity associated with the non-classicality of the system.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
Are We Ready For Learned Cardinality Estimation?
Creators: name: Wang, Xiaoying
name: Qu, Changbo
name: Wu, Weiyuan
name: Wang, Jiannan
name: Zhou, Qingqing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.2.4

description: Cardinality estimation is a fundamental but long unresolved problem in query optimization. Recently, multiple papers from different research groups consistently report that learned models have the potential to replace existing cardinality estimators. In this paper, we ask a forward-thinking question: Are we ready to deploy these learned cardinality models in production? Our study consists of three main parts. Firstly, we focus on the static environment (i.e., no data updates) and compare five new learned methods with eight traditional methods on four real-world datasets under a unified workload setting. The results show that learned models are indeed more accurate than traditional methods, but they often suffer from high training and inference costs. Secondly, we explore whether these learned models are ready for dynamic environments (i.e., frequent data updates). We find that they cannot catch up with fast data up-dates and return large errors for different reasons. For less frequent updates, they can perform better but there is no clear winner among themselves. Thirdly, we take a deeper look into learned models and explore when they may go wrong. Our results show that the performance of learned methods can be greatly affected by the changes in correlation, skewness, or domain size. More importantly, their behaviors are much harder to interpret and often unpredictable. Based on these findings, we identify two promising research directions (control the cost of learned models and make learned models trustworthy) and suggest a number of research opportunities. We hope that our study can guide researchers and practitioners to work together to eventually push learned cardinality estimators into real database systems.
THE IMPACT OF POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS BY FOOD MANUFACTURING FIRMS ON U.S. FARM POLICY
Creators: name: Kinsey, Jean D.
name: Ndayisenga, Fidele
name: Kinsey, Jean D.
name: Ndayisenga, Fidele
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agribusiness
subject: agribusiness
subject: agricultural commodity programs
subject: farm policy
subject: food manufacturers
subject: lobbying
subject: political contributions

description: This study generates an econometric model of the allocation of political contributions by food firms. It combines information about food firms' total expenditures for political influence with the behavioral assumption of profit maximization to test the hypothesis that food manufacturing firms do not lobby against farm policies. The results support the hypothesis. The inferences are conditional on the effects observed in the sample. The conclusions from this analysis may not be widely generalizable, but they do inform hypotheses about the intentions of food firms that participate in the political market.
Perfect single error-correcting codes in the Johnson Scheme
Creators: name: Gordon, Daniel M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 94B25

description: Delsarte conjectured in 1973 that there are no nontrivial pefect codes in the Johnson scheme. Etzion and Schwartz recently showed that perfect codes must be k-regular for large k, and used this to show that there are no perfect codes correcting single errors in J(n,w) for n <= 50000. In this paper we show that there are no perfect single error-correcting codes for n <= 2^250.
description: 4 pages, revised, accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
Studies of magnetism using nuclear orientation and related NMR techniques
Creators: name: Pond, James
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Nuclear Orientation and related NMR techniques have been used to study three magnetic insulators: Mn(C00CH₃)₂•4H₂0, MnCl₂•4H₂0 and CoCl₂•6H₂0. Continuous wave NMR thermally detected by Nuclear Orientation has been used to investigate the magnetic properties and spin dynamics of the quasi-2-dimensional ferromagnet ⁵⁴Mn-Mn(C00CH₃)₂•4H₂0. The system exhibits a frequency pulling effect due to the indirect Suhl-Nakamura interaction between nuclear spins and the electronic spin excitation spectrum is related to the coupling strength of the nuclear spins. The temperature dependence of the frequency pulling effect was measured for the two crystalline sublattices Mn1 and Mn2 in low magnetic field. The spectra show a structure not predicted theoretically. The current theory is valid only for I = 1/2 with uniaxial crystalline anisotropy fields. The theory of frequency pulling has been extended here to the case of I ≥ 1/2 and non-uniaxial crystalline anisotropy fields and the resonant frequencies and linewidths have been calculated as a function of temperature. The new theory and data agree well in terms of the magnitude and temperature dependence of the frequency pulling. Discrepancies are likely due to simplifying assumptions when calculating the electronic magnon spectrum. Classical and quantum numerical simulations confirm qualitatively the predictions of the model. The first Low Temperature Nuclear Orientation experiments on isotopes implanted into insulators is reported. Radioactive ⁵⁶Mn ions have been implanted into insulating, antiferromagnetic crystals of MnCl₂•4H₂0 and CoCl₂•6H₂0. In MnCl₂•4H₂0, comparison of the γ-ray anisotropy of the ⁵⁶Mn nuclei with that of ⁵⁴Mn, doped into the sample during growth, showed that both the ⁵⁶Mn and ⁵⁴Mn spins felt a very similar hyperfine field. The site occupancy factor in a simple, two site model was deduced to be 0.96 ⁺⁰‧⁰⁴₋₀․₀₇. In CoCl₂•6H₂0, the average hyperfine field for the implanted ⁵⁶Mn was significantly less than that for ⁵⁴Mn and corresponded to f = 0.53 ± 0.10. Radioactive and stable Co impurities, doped into MnCl₂•4H₂0 during growth, have been studied by Nuclear Orientation and NMR. The hyperfine fields of ⁵⁷Co and ⁶⁰Co, measured by Nuclear Orientation, were found to be significantly different. The NMR resonance of the Co impurities was not found, probably because the spin-lattice relaxation time is too short for the resonance to be observed with the radiofrequency modulation used. The effects of 3.96% stable Co on the host Mn spins were studied by NMR. The presence of the impurities broadens the NMR resonance and reduces the spin-lattice relaxation time by an order of magnitude. New aspects of the design of radiofrequency coils for use in continuous wave NMRON are reported, and the important effects of transmission lines are presented.
OPTIMAL HEDGING STRATEGIES FOR THE U.S. CATTLE FEEDER
Creators: name: Leuthold, Raymond M.
name: Noussinov, Mikhail A.
name: Leuthold, Raymond M.
name: Noussinov, Mikhail A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: cattle feeding
subject: hedge ratios
subject: hedging strategies
subject: multiproduct hedging
subject: optimal hedging

description: Multiproduct optimal hedging for simulated cattle feeding is compared to alternative hedging strategies using weekly price data for 1983-95. Out-of-sample means and variances of hedged feeding margins using estimated hedge ratios for four commodities suggest that there is no consistent domination pattern among the alternative strategies, leaving the hedging decision up to the agent's degree of risk aversion. However, all hedging strategies significantly reduce the feeding margin's means and variances compared to no hedging, with variance reduction always exceeding 50%. Hedging results appear quite sensitive to the data set and its size.
[Brev til DKNVS]
Creators: name: Thott, Otto
name: Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskab (DKNVS)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1772

description: Takkebrev for innvalg
description: Kopi fra Riksarkivet, Bernt Moes autografsamling, RA 10. Brevet er stilet til biskop Gunnerus. Polydoc nr. 1: 4615.
Emulating the local Kuramoto model with an injection-locked photonic crystal laser array
Creators: name: Takemura, Naotomo
name: Takata, Kenta
name: Takiguchi, Masato
name: Notomi, Masaya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Kuramoto model is a mathematical model for describing the collective synchronization phenomena of coupled oscillators. We theoretically demonstrate that an array of coupled photonic crystal lasers emulates the Kuramoto model with non-delayed nearest-neighbor coupling (the local Kuramoto model). Our novel strategy employs indirect coupling between lasers via additional cold cavities. By installing cold cavities between laser cavities, we avoid the strong coupling of lasers and realize ideal mutual injection-locking with effective non-delayed dissipative coupling. First, after discussing the limit cycle interpretation of laser oscillation, we demonstrate the synchronization of two indirectly coupled lasers by numerically simulating coupled-mode equations. Second, by performing a phase reduction analysis, we show that laser dynamics in the proposed device can be mapped to the local Kuramoto model. Finally, we briefly demonstrate that a chain of indirectly coupled photonic crystal lasers actually emulates the one-dimensional local Kuramoto chain. We also argue that our proposed structure, which consists of periodically aligned cold cavities and laser cavities, will best be realized by using state-of-the-art buried multiple quantum well photonic crystals.
First measurement of the cross section for top quark pair production with additional charm jets using dileptonic final states in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first measurement of the inclusive cross section for top quark pairs ($\mathrm{t\bar{t}}$) produced in association with two additional charm jets is presented. The analysis uses the dileptonic final states of $\mathrm{t\bar{t}}$ events produced in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 41.5 fb$^{-1}$, recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC. A new charm jet identification algorithm provides input to a neural network that is trained to distinguish among $\mathrm{t\bar{t}}$ events with two additional charm ($\mathrm{t\bar{t}c\bar{c}}$), bottom ($\mathrm{t\bar{t}b\bar{b}}$), and light-flavour or gluon ($\mathrm{t\bar{t}LL}$) jets. By means of a template fitting procedure, the inclusive $\mathrm{t\bar{t}c\bar{c}}$, $\mathrm{t\bar{t}b\bar{b}}$, and $\mathrm{t\bar{t}LL}$ cross sections are simultaneously measured, together with their ratios to the inclusive $\mathrm{t\bar{t}}$ + two jets cross section. This provides measurements of the $\mathrm{t\bar{t}c\bar{c}}$ and $\mathrm{t\bar{t}b\bar{b}}$ cross sections of 10.1 $\pm$ 1.2 (stat) $\pm$ 1.4 (syst) pb and 4.54 $\pm$ 0.35 (stat) $\pm$ 0.56 (syst) pb, respectively, in the full phase space. The results are compared and found to be consistent with predictions from two different matrix element generators with next-to-leading order accuracy in quantum chromodynamics, interfaced with a parton shower simulation.
description: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and the DOI. All the figures and tables can be found at http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/TOP-20-003 (CMS Public Pages)
THE EXPECTED COST OF AN INCOME SUPPORT PROGRAM FOR PROCESSING ORANGES
Creators: name: Weldon, Richard N.
name: VanSickle, John J.
name: Weldon, Richard N.
name: VanSickle, John J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: income support program
subject: oranges
subject: tariff
subject: FSRIA

description: The Florida citrus industry operates in a competitive global market. However, unlike program crops, producers in this industry do not benefit from direct income support under the new Farm Bill. There is concern about the impact of elimination of the orange juice tariff on the financial health of the Florida orange industry. The purpose of this paper is to examine the level of government expenditure that would be needed to provide income support to orange producers if the orange juice tariff were eliminated. For the span of the Bill direct payments to corn are estimated to total $25.1 billion. By comparison the direct expenditures incurred for an income support program for oranges would be substantially less. In the early years with the tariff in place the expenditures are estimated to be about $300 million and would fall below $200 million by 2007. If the tariff were removed government support would initially be $925 million but would decline to about $700 million in 2007. Over the six-year period, 2002-2007, the direct payment to orange producers would be $1,538.5 million with retention of the tariff and $4,721.8 million if the tariff were eliminated.
A Test Facility for the International Linear Collider at SLAC End Station A, for Prototypes of Beam Delivery and IR Components
Creators: name: Woods, M.
name: Erickson, R.
name: Frisch, J.
name: Hast, C.
name: Jobe, R. K.
name: Keller, L.
name: Markiewicz, T.
name: Maruyama, T.
name: McCormick, D.
name: Nelson, J.
name: Nelson, T.
name: Phinney, N.
name: Raubenheimer, T.
name: Ross, M.
name: Seryi, A.
name: Smith, S.
name: Szalata, Z.
name: Tenenbaum, P.
name: Woodley, M.
name: Angal-Kalinin, D.
name: Beard, C.
name: Densham, C.
name: Greenhalgh, J.
name: Jackson, F.
name: Kalinin, A.
name: Zimmermann, F.
name: Zagorodnov, I.
name: Sugimoto, Y.
name: Walston, S.
name: Burton, D.
name: Smith, J.
name: Shales, N.
name: Sopczak, A.
name: Tucker, R.
name: Barlow, R.
name: Kurevlev, G.
name: Mercer, A.
name: Hildreth, M.
name: Burrows, P.
name: Christian, G.
name: Clarke, C.
name: Hartin, A.
name: Molloy, S.
name: White, G.
name: Mueller, W.
name: Weiland, T.
name: Watson, N.
name: Bailey, D.
name: Cussans, D.
name: Kolomensky, Y.
name: Slater, M.
name: Thomson, M.
name: Ward, D.
name: Boogert, S.
name: Liapine, A.
name: Malton, S.
name: Miller, D. J.
name: Wing, M.
name: Arnold, R.
name: Sinev, N.
name: Torrence, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The SLAC Linac can deliver damped bunches with ILC parameters for bunch charge and bunch length to End Station A. A 10Hz beam at 28.5 GeV energy can be delivered there, parasitic with PEP-II operation. We plan to use this facility to test prototype components of the Beam Delivery System and Interaction Region. We discuss our plans for this ILC Test Facility and preparations for carrying out experiments related to collimator wakefields and energy spectrometers. We also plan an interaction region mockup to investigate effects from backgrounds and beam-induced electromagnetic interference.
description: 3 pages, 3 figures, contributed to Particle Accelerator Conference (PAC05), Knoxville, TN, May 16-20, 2005
Vortex Washboard Voltage Noise in Type-II Superconductors
Creators: name: Bullard, T. J.
name: Das, J.
name: Daquila, G. L.
name: Tauber, U. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to characterize flux flow through disordered type-II superconductors, we investigate the effects of columnar and point defects on the vortex velocity / voltage power spectrum in the driven non-equilibrium steady state. We employ three-dimensional Metropolis Monte Carlo simulations to measure relevant physical observables including the force-velocity / current-voltage (I-V) characteristics, vortex spatial arrangement and structure factor, and mean flux line radius of gyration. Our simulation results compare well to earlier findings and physical intuition. We focus specifically on the voltage noise power spectra in conjunction with the vortex structure factor in the presence of weak columnar and point pinning centers. We investigate the vortex washboard noise peak and associated higher harmonics, and show that the intensity ratios of the washboard harmonics are determined by the strength of the material defects rather than the type of pins present. Through varying columnar defect lengths and pinning strengths as well as magnetic flux density we further explore the effect of the material defects on vortex transport. It is demonstrated that the radius of gyration displays quantitatively unique features that depend characteristically on the type of material defects present in the sample.
description: Latex, 17 pages, 14 figures
Valuing Catastrophic Losses for Perennial Agricultural Crops
Creators: name: Adams, Damian C.
name: Kilmer, Richard L.
name: Moss, Charles B.
name: Schmitz, Andrew
name: Adams, Damian C.
name: Kilmer, Richard L.
name: Moss, Charles B.
name: Schmitz, Andrew
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: citrus
subject: perennial crops
subject: catastrophic loss
subject: damages
subject: freeze

description: Courts are often required to estimate changes in welfare to agricultural operations from catastrophic events. For example, courts must assign damages in lawsuits, such as with pesticide drift cases, or determine 'just compensation' when the government takes private land for public use, as with the removal of dairy farms from environmentally sensitive land or destruction of canker-contaminated citrus trees. In economics, the traditional method of estimating changes in producer welfare is the computation of lost producer surplus, but courts rarely use this method. Instead, they turn to substitute valuation methods that may not fully capture welfare change, such as changes in land value, tree replacement value, and total revenue. This study examines various measures for valuing the back-to-back catastrophic freezes that occurred in the Florida citrus industry in the 1980s. We first use the traditional method to determine the welfare change due to a freeze (1) for a citrus grove that loses one crop and is able to return to full production the next year (simulating destruction of annual crops), and (2)the lower measure of welfare loss due to a citrus grove that loses all of its trees and is abandoned or is replanted. The lower measure is used to simulate the legal doctrine of avoidable consequences. These measures are then compared to substitute valuation measures that have been used by courts to determine welfare changes. For case 1, total revenue overestimated losses by 35.6%. For case 2, total revenue overestimates losses by 55.3%, tree replacement value underestimates losses by 93.6%, and changes in land value underestimates losses by 13.2%.
MPEC 2024-A118 : 2024 AW2
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 AW2

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Basic differential geometry as a sequence of interesting problems
Creators: name: Skopenkov, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53-01, 51-01

description: This book is expository and is in Russian (sample English translation of two pages is given). It is shown how in the course of solution of interesting geometric problems (close to applications) naturally appear different notions of curvature, which distinguish given geometry from the 'ordinary' one. Direct elementary definitions of these notions are presented. The book is accessible for students familiar with analysis of several variables, and could be an interesting easy reading for professional mathematicians. The material is presented as a sequence of problems, which is peculiar not only to Zen monasteries but also to serious mathematical education.
description: 66 pages, 10 figures, the book is rewritten. MCCME, Moscow, 2008
[Brev til DKNVS]
Creators: name: Carstens, Adolph Gotthard
name: Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskab (DKNVS)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1772

description: Takkebrev for invalg
description: Kopi fra Riksarkivet, Bernt Moes autografsamling, RA 10. Brevet er stilet til biskop Gunnerus. Polydoc nr. 1: 4616.
SPA: Stochastic Probability Adjustment for System Balance of Unsupervised SNNs
Creators: name: Yang, Xingyu
name: Meng, Mingyuan
name: Xiao, Shanlin
name: Yu, Zhiyi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Spiking neural networks (SNNs) receive widespread attention because of their low-power hardware characteristic and brain-like signal response mechanism, but currently, the performance of SNNs is still behind Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). We build an information theory-inspired system called Stochastic Probability Adjustment (SPA) system to reduce this gap. The SPA maps the synapses and neurons of SNNs into a probability space where a neuron and all connected pre-synapses are represented by a cluster. The movement of synaptic transmitter between different clusters is modeled as a Brownian-like stochastic process in which the transmitter distribution is adaptive at different firing phases. We experimented with a wide range of existing unsupervised SNN architectures and achieved consistent performance improvements. The improvements in classification accuracy have reached 1.99% and 6.29% on the MNIST and EMNIST datasets respectively.
description: Published at the 25th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR2020)
Superfluid $β$ phase in liquid $^3$He
Creators: name: Dmitriev, V. V.
name: Kutuzov, M. S.
name: Soldatov, A. A.
name: Yudin, A. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the first observation of superfluid $β$ phase of $^3$He. This phase is realized in $^3$He in nematic aerogel in presence of high magnetic field right below the superfluid transition temperature. We use a vibrating aerogel resonator to detect the transition to the $β$ phase and measure the region of existence of this phase.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures. In previous version, temperature was determined under an assumption that on warming, it changes linearly with time. Although a splitting of 3He superfluid transition in aerogel was observed, the splitting asymmetry made us doubt the correctness of this assumption. Therefore, we improved the thermometry and repeated experiments, which results we present in this version
The Limits of Quintessence
Creators: name: Caldwell, R. R.
name: Linder, Eric V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present evidence that the simplest particle-physics scalar-field models of dynamical dark energy can be separated into distinct behaviors based on the acceleration or deceleration of the field as it evolves down its potential towards a zero minimum. We show that these models occupy narrow regions in the phase-plane of w and w', the dark energy equation-of-state and its time-derivative in units of the Hubble time. Restricting an energy scale of the dark energy microphysics limits how closely a scalar field can resemble a cosmological constant. These results, indicating a desired measurement resolution of order σ(w')\approx (1+w), define firm targets for observational tests of the physics of dark energy.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Nonmonotonic Pattern Formation in Three Species Lotka-Volterra System with Colored Noise
Creators: name: Fiasconaro, A.
name: Valenti, D.
name: Spagnolo, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A coupled map lattice of generalized Lotka-Volterra equations in the presence of colored multiplicative noise is used to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of three interacting species: one predator and two preys symmetrically competing each other. The correlation of the species concentration over the grid as a function of time and of the noise intensity is investigated. The presence of noise induces pattern formation, whose dimensions show a nonmonotonic behavior as a function of the noise intensity. The colored noise induces a greater dimension of the patterns with respect to the white noise case and a shift of the maximum of its area towards higher values of the noise intensity.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Spin Hall effect in two-dimensional $p$-type semiconductors in a magnetic field
Creators: name: Zarea, M.
name: Ulloa, Sergio E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the spin Hall conductivity driven by Rashba spin-orbit interaction in $p$-type two-dimensional semiconductors in the presence of a perpendicular magnetic field. For a highly confined quantum well, the system is described by a $k$-cubic Rashba term for two-dimensional heavy holes. The eigenstates of the system can be described by Landau spinor states. First we consider the conventional spin Hall conductivity. The contribution of the interband transitions to the Kubo-Greenwood formula gives the density dependent intrinsic spin Hall conductivity, which approaches its universal value $σ^z_{xy}=9e/8π$ for weak spin-orbit coupling and low Fermi energies, in agreement with previous work. However two intraband contribution terms cancel this effect leading to zero conventional spin Hall conductivity. Adding the torque dipole contribution to the definition of spin current, we also study the {\it effective} spin conductivity. This is shown to be proportional to the total magnetization plus surface terms which exactly cancel it for small spin-orbit coupling. If in low magnetic field the intraband transitions evolve to vertex corrections, the fact that both {effective} and conventional spin Hall conductivities vanish is unexpected. This suggests that the zero magnetic field limit of the model is singular.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures. will appear in PRB 73
Standing out in the data crowd: EASYDAB (Earth System Data Branding)
Creators: name: Ganske, Anette
name: Kaiser, Amandine
name: Heil, Angelika
name: Kraft, Angelina
name: Lammert, Andrea
name: Thiemann, Hannes
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Data Publication
FAIR
Open Data
EASYDAB
DataCite DOI
Quality
Metadata

description: The number of published data from the Earth System Sciences is steadily rising. Even though many of the datasets are published with a DOI, only a part of them complies with the FAIR Data Principles [1]. As in many scientific disciplines, there are a variety of activities in Earth System Sciences that address the FAIRness of the data. What has not been sufficiently investigated and dealt with so far is the easy discoverability and re-use of quality-checked data. This aspect is taken up by the EASYDAB service [2]. The Earth System Data Branding (EASYDAB) was developed within the BMBF [3] funded project AtMoDat [4]. The branding can be adopted by institutions running a data repository. Chosen Earth system research datasets published with a DataCite [5] DOI can be highlighted with a logo on the landing page [6]. The EASYDAB logo indicates that the datasets have an open [7] license, comply with the FAIR Data Principles to the best knowledge possible, and were reviewed by the responsible repository for compliance with a quality guideline. The first quality guideline made for EASYDAB is the ATMODAT standard [8]. The standard incorporates concrete recommendations and requirements related to the maturity, publication and enhanced FAIRness of atmospheric model data. The requirements are for rich metadata with controlled vocabularies, structured landing pages, file formats (netCDF) and the structure within files. Human- and machine-readable landing pages are a core element of the ATMODAT standard and should hold and present discipline-specific metadata on simulation and variable levels. The integration of standards from other disciplines in the Earth System Sciences into EASYDAB is desirable if they achieve a comparably high quality of the published data as defined in the ATMODAT standard. EASYDAB highlights the efforts of repositories to publish data with high maturity. It enables users to easily find reviewed, high-quality data. 1: Wilkinson et al., 2016: https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2016.18 2: https://www.easydab.de 3: Federal Ministry of Education and Research https://www.bmbf.de/en/index.html 4: https://www.atmodat.de 5: https://DataCite.org 6: https://support.datacite.org/docs/landing-pages 7: https://opendefinition.org/licenses/ 8: https://cera-www.dkrz.de/WDCC/ui/cerasearch/entry?acronym=atmodat_standard_en_v3_0
description: {"references": ["Wilkinson et al. (2016) https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2016.18", "Ganske et al. (2021) https://doi.org/10.35095/WDCC/atmodat_standard_en_v3_0", "Ganske et al. (2021) https://doi.org/10.35095/WDCC/EASYDAB_Guideline_v1.0"]}
INTERNATIONAL IMPORTS AND THE SAFETY OF THE U.S. FOOD AND FIBER SYSTEM
Creators: name: Salnars, Christian
name: Jimenez, Mariano
name: VanSickle, John J.
name: Salnars, Christian
name: Jimenez, Mariano
name: VanSickle, John J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: globalization
subject: food imports
subject: food safety
subject: bio terrorism
subject: invasive pests and diseases
subject: homeland security
subject: APHIS
subject: FSIS

description: The trend towards globalization has led an increase in the U.S. Food trade. Threats of bio-terrorism and safety of the agriculture production system have become larger concerns to U.S consumers and policy makers. This paper analyzes how agriculture imports have changed in the past years; and how the government has reacted to the vulnerability of the U.S. food supply system to bio terrorism and invasive pests. Changes in budgets for the Food Safety Inspection Service (FSIS) and Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services (APHIS), agencies who are in part responsible for the food security, were compared to the increase in imports to provide a gauge for the response of the Federal Government to these threats.
INNOVATION IN THE CANADIAN AGRI-FOOD SECTOR
Creators: name: Sparling, David
name: Van Duren, Erna
name: Sparling, David
name: Van Duren, Erna
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Agribusiness

description: This document contains the PowerPoint presentation given by the authors at the 2002 WCC-72 meetings, regarding innovation in the Canadian Agri-Food sector. Definitions relating to the dimensions and process of innovation as well as a case study are presented.
The M/L ratio of massive young clusters
Creators: name: Boily, C. M.
name: Lacon, A.
name: Deiters, S.
name: Heggie, D. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We point out a strong time-evolution of the mass-to-light conversion factor ηcommonly used to estimate masses of dense star clusters from observed cluster radii and stellar velocity dispersions. We use a gas-dynamical model coupled with the Cambridge stellar evolution tracks to compute line-of-sight velocity dispersions and half-light radii weighted by the luminosity. Stars at birth are assumed to follow the Salpeter mass function in the range [0.15--17 M_\sun]. We find that $η$, and hence the estimated cluster mass, increases by factors as large as 3 over time-scales of 20 million years. Increasing the upper mass limit to $50 M_\sun$ leads to a sharp rise of similar amplitude but in as little as 10 million years. Fitting truncated isothermal (Michie-King) models to the projected light profile leads to over-estimates of the concentration par ameter c of $δc\approx 0.3$ compared to the same functional fit applied to the proj ected mass density.
description: Draft version of an ApJ letter
[Brev til DKNVS]
Creators: name: Kall, Abraham
name: Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskab (DKNVS)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1772

description: Takkebrev for innvalg
description: Kopi fra Riksarkivet, Bernt Moes autografsamling, RA 10. Brevet er stilet til biskop Gunnerus. Polydoc nr. 1: 4617.
MPEC 2024-A119 : 2024 AX2
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 AX2

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Is Agribusiness Any Different?
Creators: name: Doering, Otto C.
name: Doering, Otto C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: The Viability of Specialized Fields in Agricultural Economics is addressed. The critical question for longevity is, what makes it special? Examples that illustrate how specialties emerge, how they change, and what makes them viable over time is presented. The primary question of: Is Agribusiness Any Different and Is There A Place For It? is set against the background of a need to recognize that Business education today has a high perceived value. Business education today has its focus on analysis. The author believes there is a place for agribusiness if it creates a focus more aligned with what will go on in business.
[Brev til DKNVS]
Creators: name: Colbjørnsen, Hermann
name: Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskab (DKNVS)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1772

description: Takkebrev for innvalg
description: Overført fra riksarkivet, 1941. Polydoc nr. 1: 482. Polydoc nr. 2: 132.
Electronic structure of $RE$AuMg and $RE$AgMg ($RE$ = Eu, Gd, Yb)
Creators: name: Gegner, Jan
name: Koethe, T. C.
name: Wu, Hua
name: Hartmann, H.
name: Lorenz, T.
name: Fickenscher, T.
name: Pöttgen, R.
name: Tjeng, L. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated the electronic structure of the equiatomic EuAuMg, GdAuMg, YbAuMg and GdAgMg intermetallics using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The spectra revealed that the Yb and Eu are divalent while the Gd is trivalent. The spectral weight in the vicinity of the Fermi level is dominated by the mix of Mg $s$, Au/Ag $sp$ and $RE$ $spd$ bands, and not by the $RE$ $4f$. We also found that the Au and Ag $d$ bands are extraordinarily narrow, as if the noble metal atoms were impurities submerged in a low density $sp$ metal host. The experimental results were compared with band structure calculations, and we found good agreement provided that the spin-orbit interaction in the Au an Ag $d$ bands is included and correlation effects in an open $4f$ shell are accounted for using the local density approximation + Hubbard $U$ scheme. Nevertheless, limitations of such a mean-field scheme to explain excitation spectra are also evident.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, Brief Report
VERTICAL COORDINATION AND KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER IN THE BRAZILIAN POULTRY INDUSTRY
Creators: name: Nogueira, Antonio C.L.
name: Nogueira, Antonio C.L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Industrial Organization
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: This document contains the PowerPoint presentation given by the authors at the 2002 WCC-72 meetings, regarding vertical coordination and knowledge transfer in Brazilian poultry industry.
High-dimensional structure learning of sparse vector autoregressive models using fractional marginal pseudo-likelihood
Creators: name: Suotsalo, Kimmo
name: Xu, Yingying
name: Corander, Jukka
name: Pensar, Johan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Learning vector autoregressive models from multivariate time series is conventionally approached through least squares or maximum likelihood estimation. These methods typically assume a fully connected model which provides no direct insight to the model structure and may lead to highly noisy estimates of the parameters. Because of these limitations, there has been an increasing interest towards methods that produce sparse estimates through penalized regression. However, such methods are computationally intensive and may become prohibitively time-consuming when the number of variables in the model increases. In this paper we adopt an approximate Bayesian approach to the learning problem by combining fractional marginal likelihood and pseudo-likelihood. We propose a novel method, PLVAR, that is both faster and produces more accurate estimates than the state-of-the-art methods based on penalized regression. We prove the consistency of the PLVAR estimator and demonstrate the attractive performance of the method on both simulated and real-world data.
Spin relaxation in geometrically frustrated pyrochlores
Creators: name: Dunsiger, Sarah Ruth
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis describes µSR experiments which focus on systems where the magnetic ions occupy the vertices of edge or corner sharing triangular units, in particular the pyrochlores A₂B₂O₇. The scientific interest in pyrochlores is based on the fact that they display novel magnetic behaviour at low temperatures due to geometrical frustration. The ground state of these systems is sensitively dependent on such factors as the range of the spin-spin interactions, disorder, anisotropy, thermal and quantum fluctuations. For example, Y₂Mo₂O₇ shows many features reminiscent of a conventional spin glass, even though this material has nominally zero chemical disorder. It is found that the muon spin polarisation obeys a time-field scaling relation which indicates that the spin-spin autocorrelation function has a power law form in time, in stark contrast with the exponential form often assumed for conventional magnets above their transition temperature. Gd₂Ti₂O₇ shows long range order, but only at a temperature much lower than its Curie-Weiss temperature, a signature of a frustrated system. In the paramagnetic regime, it is well described by an isotropic Heisenberg Hamiltonian with nearest neighbour couplings in the presence of a Zeeman interaction, from which the spin-spin autocorrelation function may be calculated as a power series in time. The muon spin relaxation rate decreases with magnetic field as the Zeeman energy becomes comparable with the exchange coupling between Gd spins. Thus, an independent measure of the exchange coupling or equivalently the Gd spin fluctuation rate is extracted. By contrast, Tb₂Ti₂O₇ has been identified as a type of cooperative paramagnet. Short range correlations develop below 50 K. However, there is no long range ordering down to very low temperatures (0.075 K). The Tb³⁺ ion is subject to strong crystal electric field effects: point charge calculations indicate that this system is Ising like at low temperatures. Thus this system may be analogous to water ice, a system theoretically predicted to have finite entropy at zero temperature. It is possible to qualitatively explain the unusual changes in T₁⁻¹ as a function of applied magnetic field which are also observed using µSR.
KNOWLEDGE CAPITAL, INTANGIBLE ASSETS, AND LEVERAGE: EVIDENCE FROM U.S. AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY FIRMS
Creators: name: Sporleder, Thomas L.
name: Moss, Leeann E.
name: Nickels, Lori A.
name: Sporleder, Thomas L.
name: Moss, Leeann E.
name: Nickels, Lori A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Firms in general, and high technology firms such as biotechnology firms in particular, are both a set of assets in place and growth opportunities. This has important implications for managerial decision-making. Knowledge capital motivates exploitation of growth options, which affects firm cash flow. In turn, the level and volatility of firm cash flow influences firm financing decisions. Previous studies suggest that knowledge capital can influence both the location and capital structure of firms in the biotechnology industry. However, the empirical analyses have not extended to agricultural biotechnology firms. The research reported here is motivated by a desire to understand the role of knowledge capital and other intangible assets in capital structure decisions of U.S. agricultural biotechnology firms. Quantitative results indicate that leverage is negatively related to growth and non-debt tax shields. Asset tangibility, size, profitability, and uniqueness are positively related to leverage. Depending on the metric employed for leverage, the empirical models explain up to approximately 75% of the variation in leverage. Estimates of elasticities reinforce the importance of intangible assets such as knowledge capital and tax shields in capital structure choice and add a significant new component to understanding the financial management decisions of agricultural biotechnology firms.
Higher Derivative Corrections to Eleven Dimensional Supergravity via Local Supersymmetry
Creators: name: Hyakutake, Yoshifumi
name: Ogushi, Sachiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we derive higher derivative corrections to the eleven dimensional supergravity by applying the Noether method with respect to the N=1 local supersymmetry. An ansatz for the higher derivative effective action, which includes quartic terms of the Riemann tensor, is parametrized by 132 parameters. Then we show that by the requirement of the local supersymmetry, the higher derivative effective action is essentially described by two parameters. The bosonic parts of these two superinvariants completely match with the known results obtained by the perturbative calculations in the type IIA superstring theory. Since the calculations are long and systematic, we build the computer programming to check the cancellation of the variations under the local supersymmetry. This is an extended version of our previous paper hep-th/0508204.
description: 67 pages, no figure, references added, typos corrected
[Brev til Johan Ernst Gunnerus]
Creators: name: Martfelt, Christian
name: Gunnerus, Johan Ernst
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1772

description: Martfelt oversender et skrift fra Landhusholdningsselskabet
description: Dahl nr.: 773. Polydoc nr. 1: 451. Polydoc nr. 2: 99.
FOOD SAFETY SHOCKS AND THEIR EFFECT ON INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS: A CASE STUDY FROM THE GUATEMALAN RASPBERRY INDUSTRY
Creators: name: Estrada-Valle, Juan M.
name: Estrada-Valle, Juan M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
International Relations/Trade

description: This document contains the PowerPoint presentation given by the authors at the 2002 WCC-72 meetings, regarding food safety shocks and their effect on international competitiveness.
Finding outlier light-curves in catalogs of periodic variable stars
Creators: name: Protopapas, P.
name: Giammarco, J. M.
name: Faccioli, L.
name: Struble, M. F.
name: Dave, R.
name: Alcock, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a methodology to discover outliers in catalogs of periodic light-curves. We use cross-correlation as measure of ``similarity'' between two individual light-curves and then classify light-curves with lowest average ``similarity'' as outliers. We performed the analysis on catalogs of variable stars of known type from the MACHO and OGLE projects and established that our method correctly identifies light-curves that do not belong to those catalogs as outliers. We show how our method can scale to large datasets that will be available in the near future such as those anticipated from Pan-STARRS and LSST.
description: 16 pages, 24 figures
Homotopy theory of modules over operads in symmetric spectra
Creators: name: Harper, John E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55P43, 55P48, 55U35

description: We establish model category structures on algebras and modules over operads in symmetric spectra, and study when a morphism of operads induces a Quillen equivalence between corresponding categories of algebras (resp. modules) over operads.
description: Corrigendum