Enyaliopsis ephippiatus
Creators: name: Heller, Klaus-Gerhard
name: Chobanov, Dragan
name: Warchałowska-Śliwa, Elżbieta
name: Hemp, Claudia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Orthoptera
Tettigoniidae
Enyaliopsis
Enyaliopsis ephippiatus

description: Enyaliopsis ephippiatus (Gerstaecker, 1869)
Enyaliopsis spec. 1 (near ephippiatus)
E. ephippiatus is known only from Northern Tanzania and southern Kenya. Its type locality (Ugono in Tanzania) could not be localized by Glenn (1991), but refers to a mountain range now more commonly called North Pare Mountains (formerly Ugweno Mts.).
When analyzing the songs it turned out that here two species exist, mainly differing in song (see below). Enyaliopsis ephippiatus has song type A, Enyaliopsis sp. 1 (near ephippiatus) song type B. Both song morphs are similar in titillator shape but differ in geographic range, morph A more northern than morph B. E. near ephippiatus from the South Pare Mts, situated adjacent to the North Pare Mts and E. ephippiatus from the North Pares and the Mt Kilimanjaro area are morphologically very similar. However, male specimens of E. ephippiatus have a narrower pronotum than E. near ephippiatus males. Females of E. ephippiatus are generally larger but more slenderly built than females of E. sp. 1 (near ephippiatus).
Reference: Hemp 2021
Material examined: Song type A: 2 males [CH7737 (SR, SF), 1 male (TI)], TANZANIA, Rau Forest near Moshi, Mt Kilimanjaro, Kilimanjaro Region, 3° 22’ 32.4“S, 37° 21’ 48.1”E, 1 iii – 15 iv 2014, leg. C. Hemp; 2 males [CH 7848 (SR, CHR), CH 7850 (SR, CHR)], 1 female [CH7849 (CHR)], TANZANIA, Rau Forest near Moshi, Mt Kilimanjaro, Kilimanjaro Region, 1–31 viii 2014, leg. C. Hemp; 4 males (SR), TANZANIA, Rau Forest near Moshi, Mt Kilimanjaro, Kilimanjaro Region, November 2021, leg. C. Hemp; 1 male (SR), 1 male (TI), TANZANIA, Lembeni, North Pare Mts, Kilimanjaro Region, July 2014, February 2015, leg. C. Hemp; 1 male (TI), TANZANIA, Mwanga, North Pare Mts, Kilimanjaro Region, February 2016, leg. C. Hemp.
Song type B: 1 male [CH8670 (SR, SF, CHR)], TANZANIA, Eastern Arc Mountains, South Pare Mts, Mt Vumari, Kilimanjaro Region 1–31 iii 2019, leg. C. Hemp; 1 male (SR, TI), TANZANIA, South Pare Mts, Mt Mwala, Kilimanjaro Region, 2017, leg. C. Hemp; 1 male [CH8669 (SR, CHR)], TANZANIA, South Pare Mts, Mt Mwala, Kilimanjaro Region, 1–31 iii 2019, leg. C. Hemp.
Bioacoustics. Tegmina (Fig. 3), stridulatory file (Table 1) and spectrum of the song (Fig. 6) do not show large differences to the typical Hetrodini pattern. The file of the holotype (photo in OSF) is very similar to that of a male from group A. The calling song consists of long series of syllables (song type B 3 in Fig. 5). These series are often produced in small groups with the first series longer than the following (9 s vs. 4–5-s). The two song types differ in SRR by a factor of about two; 35–45 Hz at 20–24ºC in type A (n = 8 specimens) and 20–24 Hz at 21–25ºC in type B (n = 3 specimens; Fig. 8D, E; see Table 2).
Genitalia. According to Glenn (1991), the titillator of the holotype is lost. All of our four studied males show a slender, relatively long central part of the genitalic sclerites (Fig. 9D, E), ending in a blunt tip with a hook on both sides. In general shape, it is thus similar to the other species of the obuncus group (see Glenn 1991), but differs by missing additional tubercles on the tip of the titillator beside the lateral hooks.
Chromosomes. The karyotypes of both species are very similar: 2n = 27 (26 + X0) male and 28 (26 + XX) female, FN = 29/30; pair 1 metacentric, 2–13 and X chromosome acrocentric (4 males, 1 female and 1 male described earlier [Grzywacz et al. 2015]: CH 7737); thick C-positive in large/medium and thin C-bands in short-sized pairs paracentromeric bands, thick distal C-block in pairs 3, 4 and the X chromosome (Fig. 12D).
description: Published as part of Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Chobanov, Dragan, Warchałowska-Śliwa, Elżbieta & Hemp, Claudia, 2022, Review of song patterns and sound production in armoured ground crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Hetrodini) with karyological data and taxonomic notes, pp. 451-481 in Zootaxa 5120 (4) on pages 466-467, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5120.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6392707