cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: A critical study of the poetry of Isma'il b. al-Qasim known as Abu'l-Atahiya.
Creators: name: Kafrawy, Muhammad
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1951

description: In this thesis we have tried to throw new light on the life and poetry of Abu'l-Atahiya, The greatest event of his life took place in 180 A.H., when he deserted his post as court poet to Harun al-Rashid, Thereafter, instead of composing love poetry for the Caliph, he devoted himself to writing about Death similar gloomy themes. Because, moreover, he put on the woollen garments of the ascetics, people thought he had changed his way of life. as a result of his failure to win the hand of Otba, a slave-girl whom he loved. Drawing support from our research, have tried to show how his failure in love was only a single event in a long series of troubles and disappointnents, which began early in his childhood and continued throughout his life. The main cause of all these troubles was his very humble lineage and the low place in society assigned to his father's profession, because of which people of more noble classes looked on him with disdain. His sense of inferiority was deepened when his beloved Otba refused him on account of his origins. Life began to look futile for him. His dissatisfaction with the part that Harun played in the love-affair increased his hatred of the aristocracy, and of Harun in particular. Thus, when he composed poetry about Death or about the worthlessness of life, he was not inspired by ascetic feelings (though it has been said so by Nicholson, for example, in his ("Literary History"). Rather he saw Death as the only power capable of bringing to an end the influence, luxary and glory of the haughty aristocracy and making them equal with the humble classes from among whom the poet had risen. By showing that the present life was worthless., no himself Was helping to destroy the happiness of those who destroyed him. Abu'l-Atahiya's revolt against society might have been postponed or repressed, had not some of the political movements in the Caliphate at that time encouraged him for their own ends. In addition Zubaldaj Harun's wife, was jealous of the slave-girls with whom the Caliph revelled, and so she toe encouraged such expressions of revulsion. After giving the circumstances of the poetic, life their due, we have concluded with some literary criticism of his verses.
Moiré Superstructures in Marginally-Twisted NbSe$_2$ Bilayers
Creators: name: McHugh, J. G.
name: Enaldiev, V. V.
name: Fal'ko, V. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The creation of moiré superlattices in twisted bilayers of two-dimensional crystals has been utilised to engineer quantum material properties in graphene and transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) semiconductors. Here, we examine the structural relaxation and electronic properties in small-angle twisted bilayers of metallic NbSe$_2$. Reconstruction appears to be particularly strong for misalignment angles $θ_P$ < 2.9$^o$ and $θ_{AP}$ < 1.2$^o$ for parallel (P) and antiparallel (AP) orientation of monolayers' unit cells, respectively. Multiscale modelling reveals the formation of domains and domain walls with distinct stacking, for which density functional theory (DFT) calculations are used to map the shape of the bilayer Fermi surface and the relative phase of the CDW order in adjacent layers. We find a significant modulation of interlayer coupling across the moiré superstructure and the existence of preferred interlayer orientations of the CDW phase, necessitating the nucleation of CDW discommensurations at superlattice domain walls.
description: 18 pages, 14 figures
Basic psychological need satisfaction and frustration in major depressive disorder
Creators: name: Pietrek, Anou
name: Kangas, Maria
name: Kliegl, Reinhold
name: Rapp, Michael A. A.
name: Heinzel, Stephan
name: Kaap-Deeder, Jolene Van Der
name: Heissel, Andreas
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: basic need satisfaction and frustration
subject: depressive symptoms
subject: clinical sample
subject: need profiles
subject: social environment
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: Basic psychological needs theory postulates that a social environment that satisfies individuals’ three basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness leads to optimal growth and well-being. On the other hand, the frustration of these needs is associated with ill-being and depressive symptoms foremost investigated in non-clinical samples; yet, there is a paucity of research on need frustration in clinical samples. Survey data were compared between adult individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD; n = 115; 48.69% female; 38.46 years, SD = 10.46) with those of a non-depressed comparison sample (n = 201; 53.23% female; 30.16 years, SD = 12.81). Need profiles were examined with a linear mixed model (LMM). Individuals with depression reported higher levels of frustration and lower levels of satisfaction in relation to the three basic psychological needs when compared to non-depressed adults. The difference between depressed and non-depressed groups was significantly larger for frustration than satisfaction regarding the needs for relatedness and competence. LMM correlation parameters confirmed the expected positive correlation between the three needs. This is the first study showing substantial differences in need-based experiences between depressed and non-depressed adults. The results confirm basic assumptions of the self-determination theory and have preliminary implications in tailoring therapy for depression.
title: The verbal system in a dialect of Nubian: Being a description of the verbal function in the structure called "relatio" and "relatio adjunct" as spoken in the Halfa district.
Creators: name: Ayyub, Abd al-Rahman
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1952

description: This work is based on the assumption that linguistic analysis is the abstraction of units and the arrangement of these unite in categories. This involves the abstraction of types of relationship between these unite, since it is these types that are the formal criteria by which the categories are set up. We abstract two main categories, root and affix. Groups of these are of three types, adjunct, conjunct and relatio. An adjunct is composed of members (which can be roots, adjuncts, conjuncts or certain types of relatio) linked together by juxtaposition or by the use of certain affixes called "links". A conjunct is composed of a louse" (which can be a root, an adjunct, a conjunct or certain types of relatio) and one or more affixes of the class called "formatives." A relatio is composed of relata (which can be roots, adjuncts, conjuncts or certain types of relatio) and certain affixes called 1marks". We depart from the traditional order of grammatical analysis and begin with the study, not of nominals and verbals (which are classes of roots, conjuncts and adjuncts) but of "relation. We do this for two reasons:- 1. Because theoretically it is more in accord with the descending approach, from the whole to the abstracted components. 2. The marks of the relatios are in some cases the only formal criteria for differentiating between a term when it is verial or nominal. A brief survey of the nominal relatum, root, adjunct and conjunct, is followed by a fuller account of the verbal relatum. Prefixes and infixes can be joined to the verbal, whether a base of a conjunct, a member of an adjunct or a relatum. But particular suffixes arc used for each case. These prefixes, infixes and suffixes are exdonents of a number of categories such as mood, negation, voice, mode, c)ncord and aseect. ,e conclude with the study of the "relaLio adjunct". This is a grow, of nexal relatias formally related in one or two ways:-1. By the fact that a nexal relutio functions as a relatum in a larger :moul relatio. 2. By the use x certain affixes to link two nexal relatios. Fifteen texts with translation are given at the end. One of these is fully analysed so as to illustrate these points.
Measuring the Higgs Self-coupling at the International Linear Collider
Creators: name: Duerig, Claude Fabienne
name: List, Jenny
name: Tian, Junping
name: Fujii, Keisuke
name: Kurata, Masakazu
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2016

description: International Linear Collider Workshop 2016, LCWS2016, Morioka, Japan, 5 Dec 2016 - 9 Dec 2016 ; (2016).
Cluster-based multidimensional scaling embedding tool for data visualization
Creators: name: Hernández-León, Patricia
name: Caro, Miguel A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new technique for visualizing high-dimensional data called cluster MDS (cl-MDS), which addresses a common difficulty of dimensionality reduction methods: preserving both local and global structures of the original sample in a single 2-dimensional visualization. Its algorithm combines the well-known multidimensional scaling (MDS) tool with the $k$-medoids data clustering technique, and enables hierarchical embedding, sparsification and estimation of 2-dimensional coordinates for additional points. While cl-MDS is a generally applicable tool, we also include specific recipes for atomic structure applications. We apply this method to non-linear data of increasing complexity where different layers of locality are relevant, showing a clear improvement in their retrieval and visualization quality.
title: The evolution of colonial agricultural policy in Sierra Leone, with special reference to swamp rice cultivation, 1908-1939.
Creators: name: Moore-Sieray, David
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1988

description: This study hopes to contribute firstly to the new awakening among governments and international development agencies in sub-Saharan African about the crucial significance of a historical perspective in development planning in the region. It does this by tracing the evolution of colonial agricultural policy in Sierra Leone, during a period when particular attention was being paid to the staple food crop, rice. It deals with the establishment of the Department of Agriculture and its early attempts to encourage both cash-crop and food-crop production. In this way the study hopes to contribute to the continuing debate about the future of the rice industry in Sierra Leone by examining the main ideas, practical efforts, problems and achievements of the Colonial Agricultural Department while at the same time focussing attention on indigenous initiatives in which the Department itself was keenly interested. The study shows that the unprecedented food shortages of 1919 and the accompanying riots, read by colonial officials as the result of the persistence of the 'primitive' shifting cultivation system in the countryside and Krio insubordination in town, compelled the Administration to place higher emphasis on food production. It shows how by the 1920s Agriculture Department Officers had come to consider improved swamp rice cultivation as the best solution to the food problem. In 1934, Rokupr Rice Research Station was established and systematic efforts to improve swamp rice cultivation began. As well as tracing the evolution of Agricultural Department policy, the study shows how African farmers worked to improve their system of rice cultivation in the Scarcies region, in ways which were of great interest to colonial officials. Finally, the study shows how the implementation of Agricultural Department policy was constrained by shortage of funds, especially during the inter-war depression. After 1929 many officials were laid off and revenue allocations to the Agricultural Department were kept to a minimum. The development of rice research and extension work during the 1930s is placed firmly in this context and that of the growing need to apply scientific research to African agricultural problems. The study ends with the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939, after which new agricultural policies emerged and the old debates were largely forgotten: a situation which this study attempts to remedy.
Phenology of grassland plants responds to urbanization
Creators: name: Christmann, Tina
name: Kowarik, Ingo
name: Bernard-Verdier, Maud
name: Buchholz, Sascha
name: Hiller, Anne
name: Seitz, Birgit
name: Lippe, Moritz Von Der
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Urban grassland
subject: Flowering phenology
subject: Urban biodiversity
subject: Urban heat island
subject: Urban-rural gradient
subject: Reproductive phenology
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Understanding phenological responses of plants to changing temperatures is important because of multiple associated ecological consequences. Cities with their urban heat island can be used as laboratories to study phenological adaptation to climate change. However, previous phenology studies focused on trees and did not disentangle the role of micro-climate and urban structures. We studied reproductive phenology of dry grassland species in response to micro-climate and urbanization in Berlin, Germany. Phenological stages were recorded weekly at the individual plant level for five native grassland species across 30 dry grassland sites along an urbanization and temperature gradient. We estimated 50% onset probabilities for flowering and seed maturation of populations, and analysed variation in onset dates using regression models. Early flowering species significantly advanced flowering phenology with increasing mean air temperature but were little influenced by urbanization. By contrast, late-flowering species showed significant phenological responses to both air temperature and urbanization, possibly because micro-climate was most affected by urbanization in late summer. Surprisingly, not all grassland species showed an advanced phenology with increasing intensity of urbanization. This contradicts observed patterns for urban trees, indicating that phenological shifts in urban areas cannot be generalized from the observation of one growth form or taxonomic group. Growth form appears as a possible determinant of phenological responses. Results suggest that the phenology of dry grassland species may directly respond to the urban heat island, albeit with variable direction and magnitude. This has implications for ecosystem services, shifted allergy seasons, changes of biogeochemical cycles and potential ecological mismatches.
Sex-differential PTSD symptom trajectories across one year following suspected serious injury
Creators: name: Zuiden, Mirjam Van
name: Engel, Sinha
name: Karchoud, Jeanet F.
name: Wise, Thomas J.
name: Sijbrandij, Marit
name: Mouthaan, Joanne
name: Olff, Miranda
name: Schoot, Rens Van De
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: PTSD
subject: sex
subject: gender
subject: longitudinal
subject: course
subject: onset
subject: injury
subject: latent growth mixture modelling
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: Background Recent years have shown an increased application of prospective trajectory-oriented approaches to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although women are generally considered at increased PTSD risk, sex and gender differences in PTSD symptom trajectories have not yet been extensively studied. Objective To perform an in-depth investigation of differences in PTSD symptom trajectories across one-year post-trauma between men and women, by interpreting the general trends of trajectories observed in sex-disaggregated samples, and comparing within-trajectory symptom course and prevalence rates. Method We included N = 554 participants (62.5% men, 37.5% women) from a multi-centre prospective cohort of emergency department patients with suspected severe injury. PTSD symptom severity was assessed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post-trauma, using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-IV. Latent growth mixture modelling on longitudinal PTSD symptoms was performed within the sex-disaggregated and whole samples. Bayesian modelling with informative priors was applied for reliable model estimation, considering the imbalanced prevalence of the expected latent trajectories. Results In terms of general trends, the same trajectories were observed for men and women, i.e. resilient, recovery, chronic symptoms and delayed onset. Within-trajectory symptom courses were largely comparable, but resilient women had higher symptoms than resilient men. Sex differences in prevalence rates were observed for the recovery (higher in women) and delayed onset (higher in men) trajectories. Model fit for the sex-disaggregated samples was better than for the whole sample, indicating preferred application of sex-disaggregation. Analyses within the whole sample led to biased estimates of overall and sex-specific trajectory prevalence rates. Conclusions Sex-disaggregated trajectory analyses revealed limited sex differences in PTSD symptom trajectories within one-year post-trauma in terms of general trends, courses and prevalence rates. The observed biased trajectory prevalence rates in the whole sample emphasize the necessity to apply appropriate statistical techniques when conducting sex-sensitive research.
White Paper: Open Digital Health – accelerating transparent and scalable health promotion and treatment
Creators: name: Kwasnicka, Dominika
name: Keller, Jan
name: Perski, Olga
name: Potthoff, Sebastian
name: Ten Hoor, Gill A.
name: Ainsworth, Ben
name: Crutzen, Rik
name: Dohle, Simone
name: Dongen, Anne Van
name: Heino, Matti
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Open Digital Health
subject: mHealth
subject: technology
subject: open science
subject: healthcare
subject: treatment
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: In this White Paper, we outline recommendations from the perspective of health psychology and behavioural science, addressing three research gaps: (1) What methods in the health psychology research toolkit can be best used for developing and evaluating digital health tools? (2) What are the most feasible strategies to reuse digital health tools across populations and settings? (3) What are the main advantages and challenges of sharing (openly publishing) data, code, intervention content and design features of digital health tools? We provide actionable suggestions for researchers joining the continuously growing Open Digital Health movement, poised to revolutionise health psychology research and practice in the coming years. This White Paper is positioned in the current context of the COVID-19 pandemic, exploring how digital health tools have rapidly gained popularity in 2020–2022, when world-wide health promotion and treatment efforts rapidly shifted from face-to-face to remote delivery. This statement is written by the Directors of the not-for-profit Open Digital Health initiative (n = 6), Experts attending the European Health Psychology Society Synergy Expert Meeting (n = 17), and the initiative consultant, following a two-day meeting (19–20th August 2021).
title: The syntax of Tho, a Tai language of Vietnam.
Creators: name: Day, Arthur C.
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1966

description: The grammatical model underlying this analysis of Tho syntax closely resembles the scale and category grammar developed by M.A.K. Halliday. This thesis does, however, suggest some major modifications to Halliday's model, and seeks to apply the modified theories to the analysis of Tho, in order to test whether they comprise a usable basis for the description of a language. Chapter one describes the theoretical standpoint of the thesis, comparing and contrasting it with other grammatical models. In particular the theories of Halliday and those of the tagmemicists are discussed. Chapter two gives an explanation of the layout of the thesis and other practical details. Chapter three gives a sketch of the syntactic units of Tho at primary delicacy, showing their structure and their interrelations. Chapters four to eight deal with the five units of Tho syntax in more detail, i.e. at secondary delicacy. The units, which are dealt with in successive chapters, are the verbal group, the nominal figure, the nominal phrase, the clause and the sentence. Chanter nine gives a sample text, parsed to show the assignment of descriptive categories to formal items in the text. Chapter ten gives another text with a word-for-word translation, but without parsing. The thesis ends with a bibliography and an index.
title: A study of early Braj Bhasa prose, as exemplified in the Nitisataka commentary of Indrajit of Orcha.
Creators: name: McGregor, Ronald S.
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1965

description: This study is an attempt to enlarge our knowledge of the type, or types, of language which will have underlain the literary language of the mediaeval Braj Bhasa poets. It originates in the fact that the India Office Library contains a MS of one of the earliest texts in Braj Bhasa prose (composed c.A.D.1600) which are known to exist. The work consists essentially of an edition of this unpublished text, and a descriptive study of its language. The Introduction, after describing the chief existing studies of literary and colloquial Braj Bhasa, suggests the ends which might be served by the analysis of an old, carefully transmitted prose text at this time, and outlines the scope of the present study. Chapter I summarises our scanty knowledge of early prose in Hindi dialects and lists the Sanskritised prose texts in Khari Boli and Braj Bhasa which are usually claimed to date from before A.D. 1600, with comments on their authenticity and transmission. Chapter II describes the known MSS of works by Indrajit of Orcha, indicating the grounds on which one of them is chosen as a basis for the study. Chapter III presents an edition of the text of this MS, with textual, interpretative and grammatical notes; the last bear chiefly on minor points of morphology and syntax, Chapters IV-Vi contain most of the detailed conclusions of the study. It emerges that the prose language of Indrajit differs in many features from Braj Bhasa as described in the standard studies, based chiefly on mediaeval poetic texts and 19th century prose. In morphology, it has "been possible to add at many points to existing accounts, and there is room for suspicion that some of the additions bear on the general morphology of mediaeval Braj Bhasa, rather than merely on that of the particular text studied. Certain forms found in the text are not mentioned at all elsewhere. It seems that a very restricted number of Khari Boli forms were genuinely current in the language of the text. In syntax, the material presented in Chapter VI is largely new for Braj Bhasa, the existing studies having dealt not at all fully with the topics concerned. The clear affinities of the syntax of the text with that of modern Khari Boli have been underlined, and the divergences, of which there are a number, noted. In phonology, the fact that a non-poetic text was being analysed has enabled more definite statements on the weakening of short vowels to be made than has been possible hitherto, while various other aspects of phonology have been studied more fully for this text than for any other specimen of mediaeval Braj Bhasa.
Neighboring Group Participation of Benzoyl Protecting Groups in C3- and C6-Fluorinated Glucose
Creators: name: Greis, Kim
name: Kirschbaum, Carla
name: Fittolani, Giulio
name: Mucha, Eike
name: Chang, Rayoon
name: Helden, Gert Von
name: Meijer, Gerard
name: Delbianco, Martina
name: Seeberger, Peter H.
name: Pagel, Kevin
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Carbohydrates
subject: Fluorine
subject: Glycosylation
subject: IR Spectroscopy
subject: Mass spectrometry
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Fluorination is a potent method to modulate chemical properties of glycans. Here, we study how C3- and C6-fluorination of glucosyl building blocks influence the structure of the intermediate of the glycosylation reaction, the glycosyl cation. Using a combination of gas-phase infrared spectroscopy and first-principles theory, glycosyl cations generated from fluorinated and non-fluorinated monosaccharides are structurally characterized. The results indicate that neighboring group participation of the C2-benzoyl protecting group is the dominant structural motif for all building blocks, correlating with the β-selectivity observed in glycosylation reactions. The infrared signatures indicate that participation of the benzoyl group in enhanced by resonance effects. Participation of remote acyl groups such as Fmoc or benzyl on the other hand is unfavored. The introduction of the less bulky fluorine leads to a change in the conformation of the ring pucker, whereas the structure of the active dioxolenium site remains unchanged.
Large magneto-thermal-switching ratio in superconducting Pb wires
Creators: name: Yoshida, Miku
name: Arima, Hiroto
name: Yamashita, Aichi
name: Uchida, Ken-ichi
name: Mizuguchi, Yoshikazu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermal switching by magnetic fields is one of the important functionalities in thermal management technologies. In low-temperature devices, superconducting states can be used as a magneto-thermal-switching (MTS) component, because carrier thermal conductivity (\k{appa}) is strongly suppressed in superconducting states. Recently, we demonstrated that the MTS ratio (MTSR) of pure Nb reached 650% at a temperature (T) of 2.5 K under a magnetic field (H) of 4.0 kOe [M. Yoshida et al., Appl. Phys. Express 16, 033002 (2023)]. In this study, to enrich knowledge on MTS of superconductors, the MTSRs of pure Pb wires with 5N and 3N purities were investigated by measuring the temperature or magnetic field dependences of \k{appa}. For 5N-Pb, a large MTSR exceeding 1000% was observed below 3.6 K under H > 600 Oe. Although higher MTSRs were expected at lower temperatures under H > 600 Oe, the obtained data under those conditions were accompanied by large errors due to magnetic-field-induced huge \k{appa} at low temperatures. In contrast, the \k{appa} for 3N-Pb were observed to be clearly lower than that for 5N-Pb. Although the magnetic-field-induced change in \k{appa} was small, the MTSR at T = 2.5 K was 300%. These results suggest that Pb is a promising material for low-temperature magneto-thermal switching because of wide-range \k{appa} tunable by magnetic field and the purity.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures, supplemental materials
title: The conjunto piano in 1940s Cuba: An analysis of the emergence of a distinctive piano role and style.
Creators: name: Hill, Juliet E.
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 2008

description: By the early 1940s, the piano was an established part of the Cuban conjunto in the performance of son montuno, one of the great 20th century Cuban dance musics. Its role, however, has been given little attention by scholars. This thesis documents the emergence of an idiomatic and highly influential piano style during the 1940s in the new context of the conjunto. It argues that the piano represents a challenge to accepted views of the continuation of African musical practices in Cuba. Popular and academic perceptions of the African heritage in Cuba are directly related to the country's historical position as a former plantation slave society, in which African cultural forms were seen to survive within specific parameters, and in which the recreation of African musical instruments was a key feature. This has resulted in an over-simplification and binary categorisation of European and African musical elements. The perception of the piano as European has precluded it from the study of the broader application of African musical principles in the Americas, and discussions of African influence in Cuban piano style concentrate on the instrument's percussive qualities rather than a change in function. The conjunto piano style contests this paradigm, and the transformation that it embodies is more complex than a rhythmic or percussive touch. Although drawing on the role of the piano in other types of ensemble, conjunto pianists also recreated the musical function of the tres, a Cuban variant of the guitar, which had been the predecessor of the piano in the playing of son montuno. It is this that links the conjunto piano style with a wider musical world. Although elements such as call and response and the prominence given to improvisation have been seen in the literature as part of son montuno's African legacy, only Sublette (2004) has made the connection between African musical structures and the piano montuno, the repeated rhythmic ostinato which underscores instrumental and vocal improvisation. My approach draws on both detailed musical analysis and the wider study of African music. Working from commercial recordings from the period, I argue that the construction and function of this ostinato can be linked to wider African musical principles. The practice of interlocking - the creation of harmony by means of a continuing stream of interlocked notes rather than block chords, and using motion to establish a harmonic centre - is characteristic of many African musical forms and is a key part of the piano montuno. Illustrated with extensive transcriptions from 1940s recording and present day performance, this analysis of the multiple functions of the conjunto piano provides insights into deeper principles of musical organisation that are at the heart of Cuban musical identity.
Infinite Derivatives vs Integral Operators. The Moeller-Zwiebach Puzzle
Creators: name: Heredia, Carlos
name: Llosa, Josep
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the relationship between integral and infinite-derivative operators. In particular, we examine the operator $p^{\frac12\,\partial_t^2}\,$ that appears in the theory of $p$-adic string fields, as well as the Moyal product that arises in non-commutative theories. We also attempt to clarify the apparent paradox presented by Moeller and Zwiebach, which highlights the discrepancy between them.
description: 19 pages, 3 figures
Shear-Velocity Structure and Dynamics Beneath the Sicily Channel and Surrounding Regions of the Central Mediterranean Inferred From Seismic Surface Waves
Creators: name: Agius, M. R.
name: Magrini, F.
name: Diaferia, G.
name: Kästle, Emanuel David
name: Cammarano, F.
name: Faccenna, C.
name: Funiciello, F.
name: Meijde, M. Van Der
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Sicily Channel Rift Zone (SCRZ)
subject: regional tectonic stresses
subject: Calabrian subduction system
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: The evolution of the Sicily Channel Rift Zone (SCRZ) is thought to accommodate the regional tectonic stresses of the Calabrian subduction system. Much of the observations we have today are either limited to the surface or to the upper crust or deeper from regional seismic tomography, missing important details about the lithospheric structure and dynamics. It is unclear whether the rifting is passive from far-field extensional stresses or active from mantle upwelling beneath. We measure Rayleigh-and Love-wave phase velocities from ambient seismic noise and invert for 3-D shear-velocity and radial anisotropic models. Variations in crustal S-velocities coincide with topographic and tectonic features. The Tyrrhenian Sea has a ∼10 km thin crust, followed by the SCRZ (∼20 km). The thickest crust is beneath the Apennine-Maghrebian Mountains (∼55 km). Areas experiencing extension and intraplate volcanism have positive crustal radial anisotropy (VSH > VSV); areas experiencing compression and subduction-related volcanism have negative anisotropy. The crustal anisotropy across the Channel shows the extent of the extension. Beneath the Tyrrhenian Sea, we find very low sub-Moho S-velocities. In contrast, the SCRZ has a thin mantle lithosphere underlain by a low-velocity zone. The lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary rises from 60 km depth beneath Tunisia to ∼33 km beneath the SCRZ. Negative radial anisotropy in the upper mantle beneath the SCRZ is consistent with vertical mantle flow. We hypothesize a more active mantle upwelling beneath the rift than previously thought from an interplay between poloidal and toroidal fluxes related to the Calabrian slab, which in turn produces uplift at the surface and induces volcanism.
title: Political authority among the Langi of northern Uganda, circa 1800-1939.
Creators: name: Tosh, John
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1973

description: Throughout the pre-colonial era, the Lango people of Uganda lacked any state organisation or formal chiefdoms. The scope of the thesis is determined by this salient feature. The development of political authority among the Langi is traced from the formation of the Lango people around 1800 until the eve of the Second World War. The pre-eminent social category in 19th century Lango was the clan, which was small and highly localised. Above this level, regional leadership provided the basis for inter-clan harmony at home and successful warfare abroad. But at the beginning of the 1890's, major defeats in the inter-lacustrine region, together with the disastrous social consequences of the great rinderpest epidemic, destroyed the authority of the regional leaders. Thereafter, local combinations of clans under a dominant clan leader could provide security and redress for wrongs in the immediate vicinity, but otherwise there were no restraints on inter-clan warfare. When the British arrived at the turn of the century, the scope of political authority in Lango was therefore more restricted than ever. Nevertheless, clan leaders were able to delay the assertion of full colonial control, and then to manipulate the new administrative structure for the benefit of traditional interests. The ordinary population lost the participation in political decisions which they had had in pre-colonial times, and they found scant redress against abuse of power. But up to 1939 native administration was controlled for the most part by men who enjoyed some traditional status.
title: The syntax of complex sentences in Sinhalese.
Creators: name: Fernando, Madra S.
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1973

description: This thesis discusses the syntax of complex sentences in Sinhalese within the framework of a generative transformational theory of grammar as outlined in Chomsky (1957), and since developed by him and others. The particular model for this study is the 'Standard Theory' of Chomsky (1965). The Introduction outlines the theoretical framework of the study, and gives a brief description of Sinhalese. The particular variety of Sinhalese discussed is specified, and an account of the linguistic investigation of Sinhalese given. Chapter 2 presents a phrase structure grammar capable of generating simple sentences in Sinhalese. Chapter 3 introduces one of the principal mechanisms of complex sentence formation, relativisation. It is demonstrated that the processes of relativisation suffice to derive several types of nominal modifiers. Chapter 4 introduces another major recursive mechanism, complementation. Several types of complement constructions are discussed, and the majority are shown to be NP complements. A few types appear to be VP complements, but conditions are suggested under which they could be considered NP complements. Chapters 5 to 8 examine a series of special constructions. All except one are shown to be derived from complex underlying structures, and it is demonstrated that the general principles of complementation can handle all these. It is argued that pseudo-cleft sentences however, are derived from underlying simple sentences. Chapter 5 deals with modal constructions. Chapter 6 with involitive sentences. Chapter 7 with causative sentences, and Chapter 8 with sentences of emphatic assertion and negation, and pseudo-cleft constructions. Chapter 9 examines a third major recursive mechanism, conjunction. Chapter 10 introduces adverbials, and examines tentatively the suggestion that few additional rules are required to account for such constructions. Finally, Chapter 11 discusses, again tentatively, a rather different type of complex sentence, comparative constructions.
The Online Closure Principle
Creators: name: Fischer, Lasse
name: Roig, Marta Bofill
name: Brannath, Werner
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62L10

description: The closure principle is fundamental in multiple testing and has been used to derive many efficient procedures with familywise error rate control. However, it is often unsuitable for modern research, which involves flexible multiple testing settings where not all hypotheses are known at the beginning of the evaluation. In this paper, we focus on online multiple testing where a possibly infinite sequence of hypotheses is tested over time. At each step, it must be decided on the current hypothesis without having any information about the hypotheses that have not been tested yet. Our main contribution is a general and stringent mathematical definition of online multiple testing and a new online closure principle which ensures that the resulting closed procedure can be applied in the online setting. We prove that any familywise error rate controlling online procedure can be derived by this online closure principle and provide admissibility results. In addition, we demonstrate how short-cuts of these online closed procedures can be obtained under a suitable consonance property.
description: 21 pages, 8 figures
Soil conditions drive below-ground trait space in temperate agricultural grasslands
Creators: name: Lachaise, Tom
name: Bergmann, Joana
name: Hölzel, Norbert
name: Klaus, Valentin H.
name: Kleinebecker, Till
name: Rillig, Matthias C.
name: Kleunen, Mark Van
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: bud-bank traits
subject: environmental filtering
subject: land-use
subject: mycorrhiza
subject: nitrogen
subject: phosphorus
subject: plant economics spectrum
subject: root traits
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: 1. Plant below-ground organs perform essential functions, including water and nutrient uptake, anchorage, vegetative reproduction and recruitment of mutualistic soil microbiota. Recently, multivariate analyses showed that root traits of species can largely be linked to a ‘conservation’ and a ‘collaboration’ gradient. Here, we tested whether this species-level bidimensional below-ground trait space also exists at the community level in grasslands. Furthermore, we tested whether the position of grassland communities in below-ground trait space relates to environmental variables. 2. For a total of 313 species, we collected data on eight below-ground traits in greenhouse and common garden experiments and supplemented it with data on bud-bank size and specific leaf area from databases. We calculated community weighted means (CWMs) of these 10 traits for 150 temperate grassland plots to investigate below-ground plant-trait dimensionality and its variation along 10 soil and land-use parameters. 3. Using PCA, we found that about 55% of variance in CWMs was explained by two main dimensions, corresponding to a mycorrhizal ‘collaboration’ and a resource ‘conservation’ gradient. Frequently overlooked traits such as rooting depth, bud-bank size and root-branching intensity were largely integrated in this trait space. The two plant-strategy gradients were partially dependent on each other, with communities that do ‘outsourcing’ of resource uptake to mycorrhizal fungi along the collaboration gradient also being more ‘slow’ along the conservation gradient. (i.e. high root tissue density and high root weight ratio). ‘Outsourcing’ communities were also more often deep rooting and associated with soil parameters, such as low moisture and sand content, high topsoil pH, high C:N and low δ15N. ‘Slow’ communities had large bud banks and were associated with low land-use intensity, high topsoil pH and low nitrate but high ammonium concentration in the soil. Surprisingly, we did not find an association of phosphorus availability with the mycorrhizal ‘collaboration’ gradient. 4. Synthesis. The ‘collaboration’ and ‘conservation’ gradients previously identified among species scale up to the community level in grasslands, encompass more traits than previously described, and vary with the environment.
Structural insights into crista junction formation by the Mic60-Mic19 complex
Creators: name: Bock-Bierbaum, Tobias
name: Funck, Kathrin
name: Wollweber, Florian
name: Lisicki, Elisa
name: Malsburg, Karina Von Der
name: Malsburg, Alexander Von Der
name: Laborenz, Janina
name: Noel, Jeffrey K.
name: Hessenberger, Manuel
name: Daumke, Oliver
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: mitochondrial cristae membranes
subject: cristae space
subject: crista junctions
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Mitochondrial cristae membranes are the oxidative phosphorylation sites in cells. Crista junctions (CJs) form the highly curved neck regions of cristae and are thought to function as selective entry gates into the cristae space. Little is known about how CJs are generated and maintained. We show that the central coiled-coil (CC) domain of the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system subunit Mic60 forms an elongated, bow tie–shaped tetrameric assembly. Mic19 promotes Mic60 tetramerization via a conserved interface between the Mic60 mitofilin and Mic19 CHCH (CC-helix-CC-helix) domains. Dimerization of mitofilin domains exposes a crescent-shaped membrane-binding site with convex curvature tailored to interact with the curved CJ neck. Our study suggests that the Mic60-Mic19 subcomplex traverses CJs as a molecular strut, thereby controlling CJ architecture and function.
When numbers fail: do researchers agree on operationalization of published research?
Creators: name: Haucke, Matthias
name: Hoekstra, Rink
name: Ravenzwaaij, Don Van
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: meta science
subject: operationalization
subject: measurement
subject: construct validity
subject: replicability
subject: methodology
subject: reproducibility
subject: replication crisis
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::370 Bildung und Erziehung::378 Hochschulbildung

description: Current discussions on improving the reproducibility of science often revolve around statistical innovations. However, equally important for improving methodological rigour is a valid operationalization of phenomena. Operationalization is the process of translating theoretical constructs into measurable laboratory quantities. Thus, the validity of operationalization is central for the quality of empirical studies. But do differences in the validity of operationalization affect the way scientists evaluate scientific literature? To investigate this, we manipulated the strength of operationalization of three published studies and sent them to researchers via email. In the first task, researchers were presented with a summary of the Method and Result section from one of the studies and were asked to guess the hypothesis that was investigated via a multiple-choice questionnaire. In a second task, researchers were asked to rate the perceived quality of the study. Our results show that (1) researchers are better at inferring the underlying research question from empirical results if the operationalization is more valid, but (2) the different validity is only to some extent reflected in a judgement of the study's quality. These results combined give partial corroboration to the notion that researchers’ evaluations of research results are not affected by operationalization validity.
Weyl algebras for quantum homogeneous spaces
Creators: name: Letzter, Gail
name: Sahi, Siddhartha
name: Salmasian, Hadi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17B37, 20G42

description: We present a new family of quantum Weyl algebras where the polynomial part is the quantum analog of functions on homogeneous spaces corresponding to symmetric matrices, skew symmetric matrices, and the entire space of matrices of a given size. The construction uses twisted tensor products and their deformations combined with invariance properties derived from quantum symmetric pairs. These quantum Weyl algebras admit $U_q(\mathfrak{gl}_N)$-module algebra structures compatible with standard ones on the polynomial part, have relations that are expressed nicely via matrices, and are closely related to an algebra arising in the theory of quantum bounded symmetric domains.
The Use of Translational Modelling and Simulation to Develop Immunomodulatory Therapy as an Adjunct to Antibiotic Treatment in the Context of Pneumonia
Creators: name: Michelet, Robin
name: Ursino, Moreno
name: Boulet, Sandrine
name: Franck, Sebastian
name: Casilag, Fiordiligie
name: Baldry, Mara
name: Rolff, Jens
name: Dyk, Madelé Van
name: Wicha, Sebastian G.
name: Sirard, Jean-Claude
name: Comets, Emmanuelle
name: Zohar, Sarah
name: Kloft, Charlotte
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: pharmacometrics
subject: translational modelling
subject: anti-infective therapy
subject: antibacterial resistance
subject: innate immunity
subject: pneumonia
subject: dose estimation
subject: PK/PD
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::616 Krankheiten

description: The treatment of respiratory tract infections is threatened by the emergence of bacterial resistance. Immunomodulatory drugs, which enhance airway innate immune defenses, may improve therapeutic outcome. In this concept paper, we aim to highlight the utility of pharmacometrics and Bayesian inference in the development of immunomodulatory therapeutic agents as an adjunct to antibiotics in the context of pneumonia. For this, two case studies of translational modelling and simulation frameworks are introduced for these types of drugs up to clinical use. First, we evaluate the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship of an experimental combination of amoxicillin and a TLR4 agonist, monophosphoryl lipid A, by developing a pharmacometric model accounting for interaction and potential translation to humans. Capitalizing on this knowledge and associating clinical trial extrapolation and statistical modelling approaches, we then investigate the TLR5 agonist flagellin. The resulting workflow combines expert and prior knowledge on the compound with the in vitro and in vivo data generated during exploratory studies in order to construct high-dimensional models considering the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the compound. This workflow can be used to refine preclinical experiments, estimate the best doses for human studies, and create an adaptive knowledge-based design for the next phases of clinical development.