cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Theoretical Models of the Galactic Bulge
Creators: name: Shen, Juntai
name: Li, Zhao-Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Near infrared images from the COBE satellite presented the first clear evidence that our Milky Way galaxy contains a boxy shaped bulge. Recent years have witnessed a gradual paradigm shift in the formation and evolution of the Galactic bulge. Bulges were commonly believed to form in the dynamical violence of galaxy mergers. However, it has become increasingly clear that the main body of the Milky Way bulge is not a classical bulge made by previous major mergers, instead it appears to be a bar seen somewhat end-on. The Milky Way bar can form naturally from a precursor disk and thicken vertically by the internal firehose/buckling instability, giving rise to the boxy appearance. This picture is supported by many lines of evidence, including the asymmetric parallelogram shape, the strong cylindrical rotation (i.e., nearly constant rotation regardless of the height above the disk plane), the existence of an intriguing X-shaped structure in the bulge, and perhaps the metallicity gradients. We review the major theoretical models and techniques to understand the Milky Way bulge. Despite the progresses in recent theoretical attempts, a complete bulge formation model that explains the full kinematics and metallicity distribution is still not fully understood. Upcoming large surveys are expected to shed new light on the formation history of the Galactic bulge.
description: Invited review to appear in "Galactic Bulges", Editors: Laurikainen E., Peletier R., Gadotti D., Springer Publishing, 2015, in press. 27 pages, 7 figures
A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies of Addis Ababa University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Public Health
Creators: name: Mahlet Kassahun
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017

description: Introduction: Abortion is one of the top leading causes of maternal death in the world especially in developing countries. Unwanted pregnancies which end up in abortion occur due to contraception method of nonuse or misuse. To decrease unintended pregnancies and avoid repeated abortions advancing immediate post abortion contraception is crucial.

Objective: To assess utilization of post abortion family planning and associated factors among women who came for abortion service at selected abortion clinics at Addis Ababa, 2017.
Characterization of CLI-based adsorbents
Creators: name: Kalebić, Barbara
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: ciprofloxacin, adsorption, clinoptilolite, magnetic nanoparticles, graphene oxide

description: The attached figures contain the characterization of pristine natural zeolite – clinoptilolite (CLI) (which was used as a starting material) and clinoptilolite modified with magnetic nanoparticles (MAG-CLI) and graphene oxide (GO-MAG-CLI). The performed characterization techniques were powder X-ray diffraction analysis (PXRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), zeta potential measurements and magnetic measurements.
Observation of unitary p-wave interactions between fermions in an optical lattice
Creators: name: Venu, Vijin
name: Xu, Peihang
name: Mamaev, Mikhail
name: Corapi, Frank
name: Bilitewski, Thomas
name: D'Incao, Jose P.
name: Fujiwara, Cora J.
name: Rey, Ana Maria
name: Thywissen, Joseph H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exchange-antisymmetric pair wavefunctions in fermionic systems can give rise to unconventional superconductors and superfluids with non-trivial transport properties. The realisation of these states in controllable quantum systems, such as ultracold gases, could enable new types of quantum simulations, topological quantum gates, and exotic few-body states. However, p-wave and other antisymmetric interactions are weak in naturally occurring systems, and their enhancement via Feshbach resonances in ultracold systems has been limited by three-body loss. In this work, we create isolated pairs of spin-polarised fermionic atoms in a multi-orbital three-dimensional optical lattice. We spectroscopically measure elastic p-wave interaction energies of strongly interacting pairs of atoms near a magnetic Feshbach resonance and find pair lifetimes to be up to fifty times larger than in free space. We demonstrate that on-site interaction strengths can be widely tuned by the magnetic field and confinement strength but collapse onto a universal single-parameter curve when rescaled by the harmonic energy and length scales of a single lattice site. Since three-body processes are absent within our approach, we are able to observe elastic unitary p-wave interactions for the first time. We take the first steps towards coherent temporal control via Rabi oscillations between free-atom and interacting-pair states. All experimental observations are compared both to an exact solution for two harmonically confined atoms interacting via a p-wave pseudopotential, and to numerical solutions using an ab-initio interaction potential. The understanding and control of on-site p-wave interactions provides a necessary component for the assembly of multi-orbital lattice models, and a starting point for investigations of how to protect such a system from three-body recombination even in the presence of tunnelling.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures
Holographic description of non-supersymmetric orbifolded D1-D5-P solutions
Creators: name: Chakrabarty, Bidisha
name: Turton, David
name: Virmani, Amitabh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-supersymmetric black hole microstates are of great interest in the context of the black hole information paradox. We identify the holographic description of the general class of non-supersymmetric orbifolded D1-D5-P supergravity solutions found by Jejjala, Madden, Ross and Titchener. This class includes both completely smooth solutions and solutions with conical defects, and in the near-decoupling limit these solutions describe degrees of freedom in the cap region. The CFT description involves a general class of states obtained by fractional spectral flow in both left-moving and right-moving sectors, generalizing previous work which studied special cases in this class. We compute the massless scalar emission spectrum and emission rates in both gravity and CFT and find perfect agreement, thereby providing strong evidence for our proposed identification. We also investigate the physics of ergoregion emission as pair creation for these orbifolded solutions. Our results represent the largest class of non-supersymmetric black hole microstate geometries with identified CFT duals presently known.
description: 35 pages, v2: comments added, typos corrected, reference added
Co adatoms on Cu surfaces: ballistic conductance and Kondo temperature
Creators: name: Baruselli, P. P.
name: Requist, R.
name: Smogunov, A.
name: Fabrizio, M.
name: Tosatti, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Kondo zero bias anomaly of Co adatoms probed by scanning tunneling microscopy is known to depend on the height of the tip above the surface, and this dependence is different on different low index Cu surfaces. On the (100) surface, the Kondo temperature first decreases then increases as the tip approaches the adatom, while on the (111) surface it is virtually unaffected. These trends are captured by combined density functional theory and numerical renormalization group (DFT+NRG) calculations. The adatoms are found to be described by an S = 1 Anderson model on both surfaces, and ab initio calculations help identify the symmetry of the active d orbitals. We correctly reproduce the Fano lineshape of the zero bias anomaly for Co/Cu(100) in the tunneling regime but not in the contact regime, where it is probably dependent on the details of the tip and contact geometry. The lineshape for Co/Cu(111) is presumably affected by the presence of surface states, which are not included in our method. We also discuss the role of symmetry, which is preserved in our model scattering geometry but most likely broken in experimental conditions.
(400438) Arthur Francis
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Structural Transitions in Nanoparticle Assemblies Governed by Competing Nanoscale Forces
Creators: name: Kumacheva, Eugenia
name: Klinkova, Anna
name: Choueiri, Rachelle M.
name: Rubinstein, Michael
name: Thérien-Aubin, Héloı̈se
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Assembly of nanoscale materials from nanoparticle (NP) building blocks relies on our understanding of multiple nanoscale forces acting between NPs. These forces may compete with each other and yield distinct stimuli-responsive self-assembled nanostructures. Here, we report structural transitions between linear chains and globular assemblies of charged, polymer-stabilized gold NPs, which are governed by the competition of repulsive electrostatic forces and attractive poor solvency/hydrophobic forces. We propose a simple quantitative model and show that these transitions can be controlled by the quality of solvent, addition of a salt, and variation of the molecular weight of the polymer ligands.
Exactly solvable model for a deconfined quantum critical point in 1D
Creators: name: Zhang, Carolyn
name: Levin, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct an exactly solvable lattice model for a deconfined quantum critical point (DQCP) in (1+1) dimensions. This DQCP occurs in an unusual setting, namely at the edge of a (2+1) dimensional bosonic symmetry protected topological phase (SPT) with $\mathbb{Z}_2\times\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetry. The DQCP describes a transition between two gapped edges that break different $\mathbb{Z}_2$ subgroups of the full $\mathbb{Z}_2\times\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetry. Our construction is based on an exact mapping between the SPT edge theory and a $\mathbb{Z}_4$ spin chain. This mapping reveals that DQCPs in this system are directly related to ordinary $\mathbb{Z}_4$ symmetry breaking critical points.
description: 4.25 pages with 3 figures + 3 page supplemental material with 1 figure. References, discussion, and intro updated
Thermodynamic Unification of Optimal Transport: Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relation, Minimum Dissipation, and Thermodynamic Speed Limits
Creators: name: Van Vu, Tan
name: Saito, Keiji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermodynamics serves as a universal means for studying physical systems from an energy perspective. In recent years, with the establishment of the field of stochastic and quantum thermodynamics, the ideas of thermodynamics have been generalized to small fluctuating systems. Independently developed in mathematics and statistics, the optimal transport theory concerns the means by which one can optimally transport a source distribution to a target distribution, deriving a useful metric between probability distributions, called the Wasserstein distance. Despite their seemingly unrelated nature, an intimate connection between these fields has been unveiled in the context of continuous-state Langevin dynamics, providing several important implications for nonequilibrium systems. In this study, we elucidate an analogous connection for discrete cases by developing a thermodynamic framework for discrete optimal transport. We first introduce a novel quantity called dynamical state mobility, which significantly improves the thermodynamic uncertainty relation and provides insights into the precision of currents in nonequilibrium Markov jump processes. We then derive variational formulas that connect the discrete Wasserstein distances to stochastic and quantum thermodynamics of discrete Markovian dynamics described by master equations. Specifically, we rigorously prove that the Wasserstein distance equals the minimum product of irreversible entropy production and dynamical state mobility over all admissible Markovian dynamics. These formulas not only unify the relationship between thermodynamics and the optimal transport theory for discrete and continuous cases but also generalize it to the quantum case. In addition, we demonstrate that the obtained variational formulas lead to remarkable applications in stochastic and quantum thermodynamics.
description: 42 pages, 8 figures
(400432) Grace McDonald
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
On the quantitative determination of hole-concentration in high-temperature cuprate superconductors
Creators: name: Honma, T.
name: Hor, P. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compared four hole-scales that have been used to determine the hole-concentration in high-temperature cuprate superconductors. We show that the hole-scale, $P_{pl}$-scale, based on the thermoelectric power [T. Honma $et$ $al$., Phys. Rev. B70, (2004) 214517.] is quantitatively consistent with spectroscopic probes for many different cuprate materials, while the other hole-scales, based on a well-known dome-shaped $T_c$-curve [M. R. Presland $et$ $al$., Physica C176, 95 (1991)], the $c$-axis lattice parameter [R. Liang $et$ $al$., Phys. Rev. B73, (2006) 180505(R).], and Hall coefficient [Y. Ando $et$ $al$., Phys. Rev. B61, (2000) 14956(R).], are not. We show that the quantitatively different hole-scales resulted in opposite conclusion of the same experimental observations. It can also lead to different interpretations of the electronic phase diagram when comparing different physical properties in different high-$T_c$ systems. We suggest that the $P_{pl}$-scale is the correct universal scale that works for all high-$T_c$ cuprates and it should be used for all quantitative doping dependence studies of cuprates.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, for the proceedings of the NEW3-SC10
Perturbation Learning Based Anomaly Detection
Creators: name: Cai, Jinyu
name: Fan, Jicong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents a simple yet effective method for anomaly detection. The main idea is to learn small perturbations to perturb normal data and learn a classifier to classify the normal data and the perturbed data into two different classes. The perturbator and classifier are jointly learned using deep neural networks. Importantly, the perturbations should be as small as possible but the classifier is still able to recognize the perturbed data from unperturbed data. Therefore, the perturbed data are regarded as abnormal data and the classifier provides a decision boundary between the normal data and abnormal data, although the training data do not include any abnormal data. Compared with the state-of-the-art of anomaly detection, our method does not require any assumption about the shape (e.g. hypersphere) of the decision boundary and has fewer hyper-parameters to determine. Empirical studies on benchmark datasets verify the effectiveness and superiority of our method.
(400433) Malcolm McDonald
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
EMS_Johns_Philodoria from Origin and macroevolution of micro-moths on sunken Hawaiian Islands.
Creators: name: Johns, Chris A.
name: Toussaint, Emmanuel F. A.
name: Breinholt, Jesse W.
name: Kawahara, Akito Y.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 60301 Animal Systematics and Taxonomy
subject: 60310 Plant Systematics and Taxonomy

description: All supplementary figures and captions.
Emulating Bianisotropic Coupling Through Coherent Illumination
Creators: name: Cuesta, F. S
name: Mirmoosa, M. S.
name: Tretyakov, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the main advantages of reciprocal bianisotropic metasurfaces is their capability to produce asymmetric scattering depending from which side they are illuminated and on the handedness of circularly polarized illuminations. For most applications, these metasurfaces are designed for illumination by a single source at a time. The resulting bianisotropic metasurface has a specific and usually complex geometrical structure that ensures the expected scattering produced under various illuminations. Here we show that geometrical asymmetry of metasurfaces can be emulated by using non-bianisotropic layers in presence of coherent illumination, which allows us to replicate and optically control the desired asymmetric scattering and chirality effects. In particular, the concept is developed on an example of emulating asymmetric scattering needed to create a 180$^\circ$ hybrid junction for plane waves. We show that this device can be realized either using a bianisotropic metasurface or a set of simple sheets with electric response under simultaneous illumination by two coherent waves.
description: 16 pages, 11 figures
Change in factors associated with ambulation during the adolescent growth spurt in Cerebral Palsy – a scoping review protocol.
Creators: name: Daly, Colm
name: Cooper, Aoife
name: Kiernan, Damien
name: McGuinness, Emma
name: Al-Jahwari, Mohammed
name: Malone, Ailish
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Pediatrics
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Medical Specialties
subject: Neurology
subject: adolescence
subject: ambulation
subject: cerebral palsy
subject: peak height velocity
subject: scoping review

description: Abstract: Objective: The scoping review will identify and synthesise existing evidence regarding change in ambulation during the period of peak height velocity (PHV) within adolescence in individuals with cerebral palsy (CP). Gaps in current understanding will be identified and highlighted as priority areas for further research. Introduction: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a primary motor disorder which describes a spectrum of features resulting from a non-progressive injury to the developing brain. Most children with CP walk and attain 90% of their gross motor ability before the age of 5. There is less known about gross motor prognosis as children with CP proceed towards adulthood. Age associated progression in CP includes reduced muscle extensibility and declines in gait kinematics. These changes may impact on ambulation and, in some, may result in restrictions in participation. Peak height velocity (PHV) is a developmental timeframe where maximal gains in height are achieved over a defined period in adolescence. The proposed review aims to collate and present the existing evidence regarding change in ambulation (concept) during peak height velocity (context) in children and young people with Cerebral Palsy (population). Method: This review will be formulated using the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. A systematic and wide-ranging literature search will be conducted using multiple database sources including PubMed, Web of Science, CINHAL and Embase databases. All potentially relevant articles will be screened by two blinded assessors for inclusion. The search will be enhanced through reference list review and citation tracking of included articles. Eligible articles will be assessed, and relevant data charted to inform data synthesis and final presentation. Conclusion: This scoping review will provide a summary of existing evidence regarding change in ambulation during PHV in adolescents with CP. Further, gaps will be identified in the current literature base and guide future research.
COMBATING ECONOMIC CRIMES: A MULTIFACETED APPROACH
Creators: name: Qo'zimurodova Sabohat Mamatmuso qizi, Axrorqulov Akram Sherali o'g'li, Norpo'latov Jonibek O'rol o'g'li, Hojiakbarova Maftuna Rustambek qizi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Economic crimes, encompassing a range of illicit activities such as fraud, money laundering, corruption, and cybercrime, pose a significant threat to the stability and growth of economies worldwide. This article explores the multifaceted approach to combating economic crimes, emphasizing the importance of collaboration between governments, law enforcement agencies, financial institutions, and technology experts. The evolving nature of economic crimes demands adaptive strategies that leverage advanced technologies, international cooperation, and proactive regulatory frameworks. Effective measures, including legislation, forensic tools, and global information sharing, are essential in addressing the challenges posed by economic crimes and safeguarding economic systems against their detrimental impacts.
Cocoon-Like Self-Degradable DNA Nanoclew for Anticancer Drug Delivery
Creators: name: Sun, Wujin
name: Mo, Ran
name: Gu, Zhen
name: Reiff, Margaret
name: Jiang, Tianyue
name: Lu, Yue
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: A bioinspired cocoon-like anticancer drug delivery system consisting of a deoxyribonuclease (DNase)-degradable DNA nanoclew (NCl) embedded with an acid-responsive DNase I nanocapsule (NCa) was developed for targeted cancer treatment. The NCl was assembled from a long-chain single-stranded DNA synthesized by rolling-circle amplification (RCA). Multiple GC-pair sequences were integrated into the NCl for enhanced loading capacity of the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX). Meanwhile, negatively charged DNase I was encapsulated in a positively charged acid-degradable polymeric nanogel to facilitate decoration of DNase I into the NCl by electrostatic interactions. In an acidic environment, the activity of DNase I was activated through the acid-triggered shedding of the polymeric shell of the NCa, resulting in the cocoon-like self-degradation of the NCl and promoting the release of DOX for enhanced therapeutic efficacy.
Diastereoselective Pt Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of Polyenes to Polycycles
Creators: name: Gagné, Michel R.
name: Geier, Michael J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Application of a tridentate NHC containing pincer ligand to Pt catalyzed cascade cyclization reactions has allowed for the catalytic, diastereoselective cycloisomerization of biogenic alkene terminated substrates to the their polycyclic counterparts.
Dynamic Kinetic Asymmetric Cross-Benzoin Additions of β-Stereogenic α-Keto Esters
Creators: name: Goodman, C. Guy
name: Johnson, Jeffrey S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The dynamic kinetic resolution of β-halo α-keto esters via an asymmetric cross-benzoin reaction is described. A chiral N-heterocyclic carbene catalyzes the umpolung addition of aldehydes to racemic α-keto esters. The resulting fully substituted β-halo glycolic ester products are obtained with high levels of enantio- and diastereocontrol. The high chemoselectivity observed is a result of greater electrophilicity of the α-keto ester toward the Breslow intermediate. The reaction products are shown to undergo highly diastereoselective substrate-controlled reduction to give highly functionalized stereotriads.
Diagonal free homonuclear 2D correlation using heteronuclei
Creators: name: Baishya, Bikash
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Homonuclear correlation spectroscopy has played a crucial role in elucidating structure of molecules in solution. In all kinds of homonuclear correlation, the most intense peaks appear in the diagonal, and quite often due to its broad dispersive tails obscure the useful cross peaks close to the diagonal. Herein, we demonstrate that by editing the 1H magnetization by a C-13 nucleus in natural abundance before starting the t1 evolution, it is possible to discriminate the inphase 1H magnetizations that leads to the diagonal peaks from the antiphase 1H magnetizations that generates the cross peaks. The 1H magnetization is edited by a C-13 nucleus in natural abundance before starting the t1 period in COSY. After the coherence transfer, the inphase transverse magnetization directly attached to C-13 evolves under one bond heteronuclear coupling for a time period 2τ tuned to one bond heteronuclear coupling while the antiphase transeverse magnetization directly attached to remote C-12 evolves under negligible long range heteronuclear couplings. As a result the inphase magnetization can be eliminated as an unobservable heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence leading to a diagonal free correlated spectrum. The method is demonstrated for COSY.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures
Mechanistic Insight into the Photoredox Catalysis of Anti-Markovnikov Alkene Hydrofunctionalization Reactions
Creators: name: Nicewicz, David A.
name: Romero, Nathan A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: We describe our efforts to understand the key mechanistic aspects of the previously reported alkene hydrofunctionalization reactions using 9-mesityl-10-methylacridinium (Mes-Acr+) as a photoredox catalyst. Importantly, we are able to detect alkene cation radical intermediates, and confirm that phenylthiyl radical is capable of oxidizing the persistent acridinyl radical in a fast process that unites the catalytic activity of the photoredox and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) manifolds. Additionally, we present evidence that diphenyl disulfide ((PhS)2) operates on a common catalytic cycle with thiophenol (PhSH) by way of photolytic cleaveage of the disulfide bond. Transition structure analysis of the HAT step using DFT reveals that the activation barrier for H atom donation from PhSH is significantly lower than 2-phenylmalononitrile (PMN) due to structural reorganization. In the early stages of the reaction, Mes-Acr+ is observed to engage in off-cycle adduct formation, presumably as buildup of PhS− becomes significant. The kinetic differences between PhSH and (PhS)2 as HAT catalysts indicate that the proton transfer step may have significant rate limiting influence.
(400434) James Ferguson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Computer-aided quantization and numerical analysis of superconducting circuits
Creators: name: Chitta, Sai Pavan
name: Zhao, Tianpu
name: Huang, Ziwen
name: Mondragon-Shem, Ian
name: Koch, Jens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The development of new superconducting circuits and the improvement of existing ones rely on the accurate modeling of spectral properties which are key to achieving the needed advances in qubit performance. Systematic circuit analysis at the lumped-element level, starting from a circuit network and culminating in a Hamiltonian appropriately describing the quantum properties of the circuit, is a well-established procedure, yet cumbersome to carry out manually for larger circuits. We present work utilizing symbolic computer algebra and numerical diagonalization routines versatile enough to tackle a variety of circuits. Results from this work are accessible through a newly released module of the scqubits package.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures, 1 table, associated Python package: https://github.com/scqubits/scqubits, added references, corrected typos and updated numerical values
A Global and Local Desymmetrization Approach to the Synthesis of Steroidal Alkaloids: Stereocontrolled Total Synthesis of Paspaline
Creators: name: Johnson, Jeffrey S.
name: Sharpe, Robert J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: A stereocontrolled total synthesis of the indole diterpenoid natural product paspaline is described. Key steps include a highly diastereoselective enzymatic desymmetrization, substrate-directed epoxidation, Ireland-Claisen rearrangement, and diastereotopic group selective C–H acetoxylation to assemble the target with excellent stereofidelity. The route and results described herein outline complementary conceptual disconnections in the arena of steroid natural product synthesis.
Field emitter electrostatics: a review with special emphasis on modern high-precision finite-element modelling
Creators: name: de Assis, Thiago A.
name: Dall'Agnol, Fernando F.
name: Forbes, Richard G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This review of quantitative field emitter electrostatics, covering analytical, numerical and fitted-formula approaches, is thought the first of its kind. The review relates chiefly to situations where emitters operate in an electronically ideal manner, and zero-current electrostatics is applicable. Terminology is carefully described and is polarity independent; thus the review applies to both field electron and field ion emitters. It also applies more generally to charged, pointed electron-conductors that exhibit the "electrostatic lightning-rod effect", but are poorly discussed in general electricity and magnetism literature. Modern electron-conductor electrostatics is an application of the chemical thermodynamics and statistical mechanics of electrons. The review focuses chiefly on the electrostatics of two common basic emitter forms: the needle-shaped emitters used in traditional projection technologies; and the post-shaped emitters often used in modelling large-area multi-emitter electron sources. In the post-on-plane context, we consider in detail both the electrostatics of the single post and the interaction between two identical posts that occurs as a result of electrostatic depolarization (often called "screening" or "shielding"). Core to the review are discussions of the "minimum domain dimensions" method for implementing effective finite-element-method electrostatic simulations, and of the variant that leads to very precise estimates of dimensionless field enhancement factors (error typically less than 0.001 % in situations where analytical comparisons exist). Brief outline discussions, and core references, are given for each of many "related considerations" that are relevant to the electrostatic situations, methods and results described. Many areas of field emitter electrostatics are suggested where further research and/or separate mini-reviews would probably be useful.
description: 39 pages, 24 figures. Invited Review, submitted for refereeing
EMS_Johns_Philodoria from Origin and macroevolution of micro-moths on sunken Hawaiian Islands
Creators: name: Johns, Chris A.
name: Toussaint, Emmanuel F. A.
name: Breinholt, Jesse W.
name: Kawahara, Akito Y.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 60301 Animal Systematics and Taxonomy
subject: 60310 Plant Systematics and Taxonomy

description: All supplementary figures and captions.
Application of Enhanced-2D-CWT in Topographic Images for Mapping Landslide Risk Areas
Creators: name: Valenzuela, V. V. Vermehren
name: Lins, R. D.
name: de Oliveira, H. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There has been lately a number of catastrophic events of landslides and mudslides in the mountainous region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Those were caused by intense rain in localities where there was unplanned occupation of slopes of hills and mountains. Thus, it became imperative creating an inventory of landslide risk areas in densely populated cities. This work presents a way of demarcating risk areas by using the bidimensional Continuous Wavelet Transform (2D-CWT) applied to high resolution topographic images of the mountainous region of Rio de Janeiro.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures; Lecture Notes in Computer Science LNCS 7950, pp.380-388, 2013 Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg ISBN: 978-3-642-39093-7
MPEC 2023-T240 : 2023 TK10
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 TK10

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Supplementary figures 1, 2, 3 from Marsupial chromosome DNA content and genome size assessed from flow karyotypes: invariable low autosomal GC content.
Creators: name: Kasai, Fumio
name: O'Brien, Patricia C. M.
name: Pereira, Jorge C.
name: Ferguson-Smith, Malcolm A.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: Flow karyotypes used for measurements of four marsupial species
Experimental Realization of Two Qutrits Gate with Tunable Coupling in Superconducting Circuits
Creators: name: Luo, Kai
name: Huang, Wenhui
name: Tao, Ziyu
name: Zhang, Libo
name: Zhou, Yuxuan
name: Chu, Ji
name: Liu, Wuxin
name: Wang, Biying
name: Cui, Jiangyu
name: Liu, Song
name: Yan, Fei
name: Yung, Man-Hong
name: Chen, Yuanzhen
name: Yan, Tongxing
name: Yu, Dapeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gate-based quantum computation has been extensively investigated using quantum circuits based on qubits. In many cases, such qubits are actually made out of multilevel systems but with only two states being used for computational purpose. While such a strategy has the advantage of being in line with the common binary logic, it in some sense wastes the ready-for-use resources in the large Hilbert space of these intrinsic multi-dimensional systems. Quantum computation beyond qubits (e.g., using qutrits or qudits) has thus been discussed and argued to be more efficient than its qubit counterpart in certain scenarios. However, one of the essential elements for qutrit-based quantum computation, two-qutrit quantum gate, remains a major challenge. In this work, we propose and demonstrate a highly efficient and scalable two-qutrit quantum gate in superconducting quantum circuits. Using a tunable coupler to control the cross-Kerr coupling between two qutrits, our scheme realizes a two-qutrit conditional phase gate with fidelity 89.3% by combining simple pulses applied to the coupler with single-qutrit operations. We further use such a two-qutrit gate to prepare an EPR state of two qutrits with a fidelity of 95.5%. Our scheme takes advantage of a tunable qutrit-qutrit coupling with a large on:off ratio. It therefore offers both high efficiency and low cross talk between qutrits, thus being friendly for scaling up. Our work constitutes an important step towards scalable qutrit-based quantum computation.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures
(400435) John Ferguson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Asymmetric Synthesis of β-Amino Amides by Catalytic Enantioconvergent 2-Aza-Cope Rearrangement
Creators: name: Goodman, C. Guy
name: Johnson, Jeffrey S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Dynamic kinetic resolutions of α-stereogenic-β-formyl amides in asymmetric 2-aza-Cope rearrangements are described. Chiral phosphoric acids catalyze this rare example of a non-hydrogenative DKR of a β-oxo acid derivative. The [3,3]-rearrangement occurs with high diastereo- and enantiocontrol, forming β-imino amides that can be deprotected to the primary β-amino amide or reduced to the corresponding diamine.
A Research Paper Submitted to School of Commerce in Partial Fulfillment for the Requirement Masters Degree in Human Resource Management
Creators: name: Bazezew Minale
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017

description: In this research the effect of nonfinancial reward on employee retention were empirically examined at United Bank. Both primary and secondary data were used for analysis. Primary data were collected through questionnaire from 318 respondents selected using random sampling technique from the target population size of 1, 551 where as secondary data were obtained using document review. Data obtained was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Descriptive and inferential statistics methods were used while analyzing data.
Supplementary figures 1, 2, 3 from Marsupial chromosome DNA content and genome size assessed from flow karyotypes: invariable low autosomal GC content
Creators: name: Kasai, Fumio
name: O'Brien, Patricia C. M.
name: Pereira, Jorge C.
name: Ferguson-Smith, Malcolm A.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: Flow karyotypes used for measurements of four marsupial species
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Thiazolyl Peptide Natural Products Featuring an Enzyme-Catalyzed Formal [4 + 2] Cycloaddition
Creators: name: Schroeder, Frank C.
name: Bowers, Albert A.
name: Baccile, Joshua A.
name: Chan, Andrew N.
name: Wever, Walter J.
name: Bogart, Jonathan W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Thiocillins from Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 are members of the well-known thiazolyl peptide class of natural product antibiotics, the biosynthesis of which has recently been shown to proceed via posttranslational modification of ribosomally encoded precursor peptides. It has long been hypothesized that the final step of thiazolyl peptide biosynthesis involves a formal [4 + 2] cycloaddition between two dehydroalanines, a unique transformation that had eluded enzymatic characterization. Here we demonstrate that TclM, a single enzyme from the thiocillin biosynthetic pathway, catalyzes this transformation. To facilitate characterization of this new class of enzyme, we have developed a combined chemical and biological route to the complex peptide substrate, relying on chemical synthesis of a modified C-terminal fragment and coupling to a 38-residue leader peptide by means of native chemical ligation (NCL). This strategy, combined with active enzyme, provides a new chemoenzymatic route to this promising class of antibiotics.
Sequential Empirical Bayes method for filtering dynamic spatiotemporal processes
Creators: name: Evangelou, Evangelos
name: Maroulas, Vasileios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider online prediction of a latent dynamic spatiotemporal process and estimation of the associated model parameters based on noisy data. The problem is motivated by the analysis of spatial data arriving in real-time and the current parameter estimates and predictions are updated using the new data at a fixed computational cost. Estimation and prediction is performed within an empirical Bayes framework with the aid of Markov chain Monte Carlo samples. Samples for the latent spatial field are generated using a sampling importance resampling algorithm with a skewed-normal proposal and for the temporal parameters using Gibbs sampling with their full conditionals written in terms of sufficient quantities which are updated online. The spatial range parameter is estimated by a novel online implementation of an empirical Bayes method, called herein sequential empirical Bayes method. A simulation study shows that our method gives similar results as an offline Bayesian method. We also find that the skewed-normal proposal improves over the traditional Gaussian proposal. The application of our method is demonstrated for online monitoring of radiation after the Fukushima nuclear accident.
(400436) Jean [Jane] Arnot
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Supplementary Material from Parasites and politics: why cross-cultural studies must control for relatedness, proximity and covariation.
Creators: name: Bromham, Lindell
name: Hua, Xia
name: Cardillo, Marcel
name: Schneemann, Hilde
name: Greenhill, Simon J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Table S1: Data used in this study; Table S2 Languages chosen to place each state in a cultural similarity hierarchy.
title: Survival of the Sawfly Athalia rosae Upon Infection by an Entomopathogenic Fungus and in Relation to Clerodanoid Uptake
Creators: name: Zanchi, Caroline
name: Lo, Lai Ka
name: R., Reshma
name: Moritz, Isabel
name: Kurtz, Joachim
name: Müller, Caroline
Publisher: name: University of Muenster, Institutional Repository MIAMI
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 570 Biology

description: Larvae of the turnip sawfly 'Athalia rosae' are a pest of Brassicacae plants, as their feeding can cause defoliation of various crops of economic importance. The larvae and the adults of this sawfly species are known to take up different classes of chemical compounds from their respective host plants, with potentially deterrent functions against predators. In addition, compounds taken up by the adults, the clerodanoids, are known for their antimicrobial activity. These features could be a challenge to biocontrol strategies. Several natural enemies of 'A. rosae' have been identified, targeting larval and pupal stages of 'A. rosae', which could potentially be used as biocontrol agents. However, targeting the adult stage of a larval pest in addition to targeting the juvenile stages may improve population control. In this study, we ask whether a strain of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana shows biological activity against 'A. rosae' adults. We also investigate whether the behavior of clerodanoid uptake by the adults, which is commonly found, affects their survival in response to a 'B. bassiana' exposure. We found a clear dose-response relationship, i.e., with increasing fungal conidia concentrations survival of 'A. rosae' decreased. However, there was only a low incidence of mycelial growth and sporulation from 'A. rosae' cadavers, indicating that either the fungus is not successfully developing inside this host, or it is not able to re-emerge from it. Clerodanoid uptake decreased the survival of healthy adults; however, it did not increase their survival to 'B. bassiana'. Our results revealed that this strain of 'B. bassiana' if applied alone is probably not suitable for biocontrol of this sawfly species, because 'A. rosae' showed a high baseline resistance against this fungus. The behavior of clerodanoid uptake is unlikely to have evolved as a defense against this entomopathogenic fungus.
description: Finanziert durch den Open-Access-Publikationsfonds der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU Münster).