cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Model Tracks in Present and Future Climates
Creators: name: Nakamura, Jennifer
name: Camargo, Suzana J.
name: Sobel, Adam H.
name: Henderson, Naomi
name: Emanuel, Kerry A.
name: Kumar, Arun
name: LaRow, Timothy E.
name: Murakami, Hiroyuki
name: Roberts, Malcolm J.
name: Scoccimarro, Enrico
name: Vidale, Pier Luigi
name: Wang, Hui
name: Wehner, Michael F.
name: Zhao, Ming
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Cyclones--Mathematical models
Cyclone tracks
Climatic changes
Cluster analysis

description: Western North Pacific tropical cyclone (TC) model tracks are analyzed in two large multimodel ensembles, spanning a large variety of models and multiple future climate scenarios. Two methodologies are used to synthesize the properties of TC tracks in this large data set: cluster analysis and mass moment ellipses. First, the models' TC tracks are compared to observed TC tracks' characteristics, and a subset of the models is chosen for analysis, based on the tracks' similarity to observations and sample size. Potential changes in track types in a warming climate are identified by comparing the kernel smoothed probability distributions of various track variables in historical and future scenarios using a Kolmogorov‐Smirnov significance test. Two track changes are identified. The first is a statistically significant increase in the north‐south expansion, which can also be viewed as a poleward shift, as TC tracks are prevented from expanding equatorward due to the weak Coriolis force near the equator. The second change is an eastward shift in the storm tracks that occur near the central Pacific in one of the multimodel ensembles, indicating a possible increase in the occurrence of storms near Hawaii in a warming climate. The dependence of the results on which model and future scenario are considered emphasizes the necessity of including multiple models and scenarios when considering future changes in TC characteristics.
Toroidal p-branes, anharmonic oscillators and (hyper)elliptic solutions
Creators: name: Zheltukhin, Aleksandr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exact solvability of brane equations is studied, and a new $U(1)\times U(1)\times... \times U(1)$ invariant anzats for the solution of $p$-brane equations in $D=(2p+1)$-dimensional Minkowski space is proposed. The reduction of the $p$-brane Hamiltonian to the Hamiltonian of $p$-dimensional relativistic anharmonic oscillator with the monomial potential of the degree equal to $2p$ is revealed. For the case of degenerate p-torus with equal radii it is shown that the $p$-brane equations are integrable and their solutions are expressed in terms of elliptic ($p=2$) or hyperelliptic ($p>2$) functions. The solution describes contracting $p$-brane with the contraction time depending on $p$ and the brane energy density. The toroidal brane elasticity is found to break down linear Hooke law as it takes place for the anharmonic elasticity of smectic liquid crystals.
description: 18 pages, extended version accepted in Nucl. Phys. B; discussions on integrability and geometric approach added; correspondence between anharmonic elasticity in toroidal branes and smectic liquid crystals revealed; references and acknowledgements updated; typos corrected
META AG: AN AUTOMATIC CONTEXTUAL AGRICULTURAL METADATA COLLECTION APP
Creators: name: Basir, Md Samiul
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: Farm management, rural management and agribusiness

description: Data is the foundation of digital agriculture. Data from a wide variety of sensors in the soil, in machinery, or from remote sensing can inform decisions including site-specific land and crop management but capitalizing on these data requires metadata that captures the full story related to production. Answers to metadata questions such as who, what, where, when, and how are often unavailable when aggregated data are analyzed. These metadata are crucial for making accurate operation and management decisions and certainly for developing AI models. Since farmers and researchers exhibit human behavior of forgetting to take notes or entering incorrect information, even with digital means, missing and erroneous records are common. To address this issue, a metadata collection Android app – Meta Ag for agricultural activities was created that automatically appends the operator’s name, time, and space information to an in-field event, and provides a user-friendly interface to gather information with more details describing which activity was done and how. Meta Ag has six main modules, including user registration, geofence construction, accessed geofence recognition, an infobot for extensive activity data collection, setting options for Infobot and data access. By design, manual data input, with automatic validation, when possible, was used for information collection. To achieve this, Meta Ag uses dynamically constructed, interactive option lists for fewer data entry errors. The collected data were stored in a Google Firebase database as central storage for multiple users. To facilitate data interoperability, stored data were made accessible in CSV and JSON format. The Android app collects extensive metadata from database interactive option lists and the infobot as a data collection wizard provides a dynamic environment for data collection in a short time with minimal manual input. The app was also able to reduce missing data as it automatically records the accessed fields and activity time in that field. The Meta-Ag app can work both as a standalone tool and an integration into any other farm information management system.
Hybrid inflation along waterfall trajectories
Creators: name: Clesse, Sebastien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We identify a new inflationary regime for which more than 60 e-folds are generated classically during the waterfall phase occuring after the usual hybrid inflation. By performing a bayesian Monte-Carlo-Markov-Chain analysis, this scenario is shown to take place in a large part of the parameter space of the model. When this occurs, the observable perturbation modes leave the Hubble radius during waterfall inflation. The power spectrum of adiabatic perturbations is red, possibly in agreement with CMB constraints. A particular attention has been given to study only the regions for which quantum backreactions do not affect the classical dynamics. Implications concerning the preheating and the absence of topological defects in our universe are discussed.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, section III-A on quantum backreactions more detailed, comments on transverse field gradient contribution added, version accepted for publication in Phys.Rev.D
Spiral ground state in the quasi-two-dimensional spin-1/2 system Cu2GeO4
Creators: name: Tsirlin, Alexander A.
name: Zinke, Ronald
name: Richter, Johannes
name: Rosner, Helge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply density functional theory band structure calculations, the coupled-cluster method, and exact diagonalization to investigate the microscopic magnetic model of the spin-1/2 compound Cu2GeO4. The model is quasi-two-dimensional, with uniform spin chains along one direction and frustrated spin chains along the other direction. The coupling along the uniform chains is antiferromagnetic, J 130 K. The couplings along the frustrated chains are J1 -60 K and J2 80 K between nearest neighbors and next-nearest neighbors, respectively. The ground state of the quantum model is a spiral, with the reduced sublattice magnetization of 0.62 mu_B and the pitch angle of 84 deg, both renormalized by quantum effects. The proposed spiral ground state of Cu2GeO4 opens a way to magnetoelectric effects in this compound.
description: Extended version: 8 pages, 5 figures, 1 table
title: Endangered Species Act Section 7 Formal Consultation for the Cottonwood Creek-Newman Bank Stabilization Project, Idaho County, Idaho, HUC 170603050806 (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers DA No.: NWW-2020-00269)
Creators: name: United States. National Marine Fisheries Service. West Coast Region
Publisher: name: United States. National Marine Fisheries Service. West Coast Region
Year: 2020

description: WCRO-2020-02952
(In)finite extensions of algebras from their Inonu-Wigner contractions
Creators: name: Khasanov, Oleg
name: Kuperstein, Stanislav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The way to obtain massive non-relativistic states from the Poincare algebra is twofold. First, following Inonu and Wigner the Poincare algebra has to be contracted to the Galilean one. Second, the Galilean algebra is to be extended to include the central mass operator. We show that the central extension might be properly encoded in the non-relativistic contraction. In fact, any Inonu-Wigner contraction of one algebra to another, corresponds to an infinite tower of abelian extensions of the latter. The proposed method is straightforward and holds for both central and non-central extensions. Apart from the Bargmann (non-zero mass) extension of the Galilean algebra, our list of examples includes the Weyl algebra obtained from an extension of the contracted SO(3) algebra, the Carrollian (ultra-relativistic) contraction of the Poincare algebra, the exotic Newton-Hooke algebra and some others. The paper is dedicated to the memory of Laurent Houart (1967-2011).
description: 7 pages, revtex style; v2: Minor corrections, references added; v3: Typos corrected
INTRODUCTORY PUBLIC SPEAKING TEXT THROUGH THE LENS OF CRITICAL DISABILITY STUDIES
Creators: name: Vian, Emily P
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: Communication studies
People with disability
Critical theory
Higher education
Creative arts, media and communication curriculum and pedagogy
Inclusive education
Special education and disability

description: The purpose of this study is to use close textual analysis, informed by the neurodiversity paradigm and critical disability theories, to explore the coverage of CA in an introductory public speaking collegiate textbook to see how the experience is depicted and what thematic narratives about dis/ability are included in its coverage. This research is required to comprehend the phenomena more holistically and aid communication educators in creating curricula attentive to the needs of the high CA student, embodying best practice for a diverse set of students. Incorporating dis/ability perspectives into public speaking pedagogy signals an opportunity to advance interdisciplinary knowledge about CA, mental health, dis/ability, neurodiversity, and education accessibility at large. By analyzing literary representations of CA, this research furthers the goals of critical dis/ability studies by de-naturalizing ideas about the binaries in which “ableness”/“disability” and “normality”/abnormality, are typically read and related to “success”. The overarching goal of this project is to demonstrate that these rhetorical representations of communication/performance bound anxiety are not only relevant, but of central importance for contemporary discussions on dis/ability within education.
The relativistic Feynman-Metropolis-Teller theory for white-dwarfs in general relativity
Creators: name: Rotondo, M.
name: Rueda, Jorge A.
name: Ruffini, R.
name: Xue, S. -S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent formulation of the relativistic Thomas-Fermi model within the Feynman-Metropolis-Teller theory for compressed atoms is applied to the study of general relativistic white dwarf equilibrium configurations. The equation of state, which takes into account the β-equilibrium, the nuclear and the Coulomb interactions between the nuclei and the surrounding electrons, is obtained as a function of the compression by considering each atom constrained in a Wigner-Seitz cell. The contribution of quantum statistics, weak, nuclear, and electromagnetic interactions is obtained by the determination of the chemical potential of the Wigner-Seitz cell. The further contribution of the general relativistic equilibrium of white dwarf matter is expressed by the simple formula $\sqrt{g_{00}}μ_{\rm ws}$= constant, which links the chemical potential of the Wigner-Seitz cell $μ_{\rm ws}$ with the general relativistic gravitational potential $g_{00}$ at each point of the configuration. The configuration outside each Wigner-Seitz cell is strictly neutral and therefore no global electric field is necessary to warranty the equilibrium of the white dwarf. These equations modify the ones used by Chandrasekhar by taking into due account the Coulomb interaction between the nuclei and the electrons as well as inverse β-decay. They also generalize the work of Salpeter by considering a unified self-consistent approach to the Coulomb interaction in each Wigner-Seitz cell. The consequences on the numerical value of the Chandrasekhar-Landau mass limit as well as on the mass-radius relation of $^4$He, $^{12}$C, $^{16}$O and $^{56}$Fe white dwarfs are presented. All these effects should be taken into account in processes requiring a precision knowledge of the white dwarf parameters.
description: To be published by Phys. Rev. D
Role of the Convection Scheme in Modeling Initiation and Intensification of Tropical Depressions over the North Atlantic
Creators: name: Duvel, Jean-Philippe
name: Camargo, Suzana J.
name: Sobel, Adam H.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Mathematical models--Evaluation
Hurricanes
Convection (Meteorology)
Atmospheric circulation--Models
Cyclones

description: The authors analyze how modifications of the convective scheme modify the initiation of tropical depression vortices (TDVs) and their intensification into stronger warm-cored tropical cyclone–like vortices (TCs) in global climate model (GCM) simulations. The model’s original convection scheme has entrainment and cloud-base mass flux closures based on moisture convergence. Two modifications are considered: one in which entrainment is dependent on relative humidity and another in which the closure is based on the convective available potential energy (CAPE). Compared to reanalysis, TDVs are more numerous and intense in all three simulations, probably as a result of excessive parameterized deep convection at the expense of convection detraining at midlevel. The relative humidity–dependent entrainment rate increases both TDV initiation and intensification relative to the control. This is because this entrainment rate is reduced in the moist center of the TDVs, giving more intense convective precipitation, and also because it generates a moister environment that may favor the development of early stage TDVs. The CAPE closure inhibits the parameterized convection in strong TDVs, thus limiting their development despite a slight increase in the resolved convection. However, the maximum intensity reached by TC-like TDVs is similar in the three simulations, showing the statistical character of these tendencies. The simulated TCs develop from TDVs with different dynamical origins than those observed. For instance, too many TDVs and TCs initiate near or over southern West Africa in the GCM, collocated with the maximum in easterly wave activity, whose characteristics are also dependent on the convection scheme considered.
Electron Injection by Whistler Waves in Non-relativistic Shocks
Creators: name: Riquelme, Mario A.
name: Spitkovsky, Anatoly
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electron acceleration to non-thermal, ultra-relativistic energies (~ 10-100 TeV) is revealed by radio and X-ray observations of shocks in young supernova remnants (SNRs). The diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) mechanism is usually invoked to explain this acceleration, but the way in which electrons are initially energized or 'injected' into this acceleration process starting from thermal energies is an unresolved problem. In this paper we study the initial acceleration of electrons in non-relativistic shocks from first principles, using two- and three-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) plasma simulations. We systematically explore the space of shock parameters (the Alfvénic Mach number, M_A, the shock velocity, v_{sh}, the angle between the upstream magnetic field and the shock normal, theta_{Bn}, and the ion to electron mass ratio, m_i/m_e). We find that significant non-thermal acceleration occurs due to the growth of oblique whistler waves in the foot of quasi-perpendicular shocks. The obtained electron energy distributions show power law tails with spectral indices up to alpha ~ 3-4. The maximum energies of the accelerated particles are consistent with the electron Larmor radii being comparable to that of the ions, indicating potential injection into the subsequent DSA process. This injection mechanism, however, requires the shock waves to have fairly low Alfénic Mach numbers, M_A
description: 15 pages, 15 figures, Re-submission of version accepted to ApJ
Molecular Environment and an X-ray Spectroscopy of Supernova Remnant Kesteven 78
Creators: name: Zhou, Ping
name: Chen, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the molecular environment of the Galactic supernova remnant (SNR) Kesteven 78 and perform an XMM-Newton X-ray spectroscopic study for the northeastern edge of the remnant. SNR Kes78 is found to interact with the molecular clouds (MCs) at a systemic local standard of rest velocity of 81km/s. At around this velocity, the SNR appears to contact a long molecular strip in the northeast and a large cloud in the east as revealed in the 13CO line, which may be responsible for the radio brightness peak and the OH maser, respectively. The 12CO-line bright region morphologically matches the eastern bright radio shell in general, and the SNR is consistent in extent with a CO cavity. Broadened 12CO line profiles discerned in the eastern maser region and the western clumpy molecular arc and the elevated 12CO J=2-1/J=1-0 ratios along the SNR boundary may be signatures of shock perturbation in the molecular gas. The SNR-MC association places the SNR at a kinematic distance of 4.8 kpc. The X-rays arising from the northeastern radio shell are emitted by underionized hot (~1.5 keV), low-density (~0.1 cm^{-3}) plasma with solar abundance, and the plasma may be of intercloud origin. The age of the remnant is inferred to be about 6 kyr. The size of the molecular cavity in Kes78 implies an initial mass around 22Msun for the progenitor.
description: 12 pages (including 2 tables and 12 figures), to appear in ApJ
A Quantitative Method to Evaluate Tropical Cyclone Tracks in Climate Models
Creators: name: Shen, Yixuan
name: Sun, Yuan
name: Camargo, Suzana J.
name: Zhong, Zhong
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Cyclone tracks
Climatology--Mathematical models
Tropical meteorology
Cyclones--Mathematical models
Atmospherics

description: The ability to simulate tropical cyclones (TCs) realistically is an important factor in the performance evaluation of climate models. In previous studies, indirect evaluation methods have been proposed that are based on the comparison of TC-related background circulation between model results and observations. Direct model evaluation methods, in most cases, are limited to the model skill in simulating the TC frequency, intensity, and track density. Here we propose a new method to quantitatively and directly evaluate the ability of climate models in simulating TC tracks. The method consists of two indicators that account for the model performance in simulating TC track density and the geographic properties of TC tracks, respectively. This method is applied to evaluate the skill of climate models in simulating TC tracks over the western North Pacific Ocean. The explicit models include seven from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project and eight from the U.S. CLIVAR Hurricane Working Group (HWG), as well as four downscaled HWG models. Our results indicate the order of these 15 explicit models according to their ability to simulate TC tracks. In addition, we show that, for one of the models, the TC track simulation is greatly improved by using downscaling.
Parametric Excitation of a 1D Gas in Integrable and Nonintegrable Cases
Creators: name: Colomé-Tatché, M.
name: Petrov, D. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the response of a highly excited 1D gas with pointlike interactions to a periodic modulation of the coupling constant. We calculate the corresponding dynamic structure factors and show that their low-frequency behavior differs dramatically for integrable and nonintegrable models. Nonintegrable systems are sensitive to excitations with frequencies as low as the mean level spacing, whereas much higher frequencies are required to excite an integrable system. This effect can be used as a probe of integrability for mesoscopic 1D systems and can be observed experimentally by measuring the heating rate of a parametrically excited gas.
description: Published version, 4 pages, 2 figures
Reanalysis of climate influences on Atlantic tropical cyclone activity using cluster analysis
Creators: name: Boudreault, Mathieu
name: Caron, Louis-Philippe
name: Camargo, Suzana J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Atmospherics
Cyclones
Climatic changes
Cluster analysis
Hurricanes

description: We analyze, using Poisson regressions, the main climate influences on North Atlantic tropical cyclone activity. The analysis is performed using not only various time series of basin‐wide storm counts but also various series of regional clusters, taking into account shortcomings of the hurricane database through estimates of missing storms. The analysis confirms that tropical cyclones forming in different regions of the Atlantic are susceptible to different climate influences. We also investigate the presence of trends in these various time series, both at the basin‐wide and cluster levels, and show that, even after accounting for possible missing storms, there remains an upward trend in the eastern part of the basin and a downward trend in the western part. Using model selection algorithms, we show that the best model of Atlantic tropical cyclone activity for the recent past is constructed using Atlantic sea surface temperature and upper tropospheric temperature, while for the 1878–2015 period, the chosen covariates are Atlantic sea surface temperature and El Niño–Southern Oscillation. We also note that the presence of these artificial trends can impact the selection of the best covariates. If the underlying series shows an upward trend, then the mean Atlantic sea surface temperature captures both interannual variability and the upward trend, artificial or not. The relative sea surface temperature is chosen instead for stationary counts. Finally, we show that the predictive capability of the statistical models investigated is low for U.S. landfalling hurricanes but can be considerably improved when forecasting combinations of clusters whose hurricanes are most likely to make landfall.
MPEC 2023-H239 : 2022 YT10
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2022 YT10

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Numerical Computations with H(div)-Finite Elements for the Brinkman Problem
Creators: name: Könnö, Juho
name: Stenberg, Rolf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65N30

description: The H(div)-conforming approach for the Brinkman equation is studied numerically, verifying the theoretical a priori and a posteriori analysis in previous work of the authors. Furthermore, the results are extended to cover a non-constant permeability. A hybridization technique for the problem is presented, complete with a convergence analysis and numerical verification. Finally, the numerical convergence studies are complemented with numerical examples of applications to domain decomposition and adaptive mesh refinement.
description: Minor clarifications, added references. Reordering of some figures. To appear in Computational Geosciences, final article available at http://www.springerlink.com
Electrostatic actuation of silicon optomechanical resonators
Creators: name: Sridaran, Suresh
name: Bhave, Sunil A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optomechanical systems offer one of the most sensitive methods for detecting mechanical motion using shifts in the optical resonance frequency of the optomechanical resonator . Presently, these systems are used for measuring mechanical thermal noise displacement or mechanical motion actuated by optical forces. Electrostatic capacitive actuation and detection have been shown previously for silicon micro electro mechanical resonators for application in filters and oscillators. Here, we demonstrate monolithic integration of electrostatic capacitive actuation with optical sensing using silicon optomechanical disk resonators and waveguides. The electrically excited mechanical motion is observed as an optical intensity modulation when the input electrical signal is at a frequency of 235MHz corresponding to the radial vibrational mode of the silicon microdisk.
Immune checkpoint inhibitor, nivolumab, combined with chemotherapy improved the survival of unresectable advanced and metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Creators: name: Yang, Wen-Chi
name: Kao, Ming-Wei
name: Kuo, Yao-Hung
name: Hsieh, Kun-Chou
name: Lee, Chin-Tai
name: Shu, Chih-Wen
name: Wu, Shih-Chi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Supplementary Figure 1: The detail of patients’ treatment courses. Arrow means that this patient is still alive before end of study.
A Statistical Assessment of Southern Hemisphere Tropical Cyclone Tracks in Climate Models
Creators: name: Ramsay, Hamish A.
name: Chand, Savin
name: Camargo, Suzana J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Tropical meteorology
Climatology--Mathematical models
Cyclone tracks
Climatology
Hurricanes
Atmospherics
Mathematical models--Evaluation

description: Reliable projections of future changes in tropical cyclone (TC) characteristics are highly dependent on the ability of global climate models (GCMs) to simulate the observed characteristics of TCs (i.e., their frequency, genesis locations, movement, and intensity). Here, we investigate the performance of a suite of GCMs from the U.S. CLIVAR Working Group on Hurricanes in simulating observed climatological features of TCs in the Southern Hemisphere. A subset of these GCMs is also explored under three idealized warming scenarios. Two types of simulated TC tracks are evaluated on the basis of a commonly applied cluster analysis: 1) explicitly simulated tracks, and 2) downscaled tracks, derived from a statistical–dynamical technique that depends on the models’ large-scale environmental fields. Climatological TC properties such as genesis locations, annual frequency, lifetime maximum intensity (LMI), and seasonality are evaluated for both track types. Future changes to annual frequency, LMI, and the latitude of LMI are evaluated using the downscaled tracks where large sample sizes allow for statistically robust results. An ensemble approach is used to assess future changes of explicit tracks owing to their small number of realizations. We show that the downscaled tracks generally outperform the explicit tracks in relation to many of the climatological features of Southern Hemisphere TCs, despite a few notable biases. Future changes to the frequency and intensity of TCs in the downscaled simulations are found to be highly dependent on the warming scenario and model, with the most robust result being an increase in the LMI under a uniform 2°C surface warming.
Massive charged particle's tunneling from spherical charged black hole
Creators: name: Miao, Yan-Gang
name: Xue, Zhao
name: Zhang, Shao-Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We generalize the Parikh-Wilczek scheme to the tunneling of a massive charged particle from a general spherical charged black hole. We obtain that the tunneling probability depends on the energy, the mass and the charge of the particle. In particular, the modified Hawking temperature is related to the charge. Only at the leading order approximation can the standard Hawking temperature be reproduced. We take the Reissner-Nordström black hole as an example to clarify our points of view, and find that the accumulation of Hawking radiation makes it approach an extreme black hole.
description: 10 pages, no figures; v2: a minor typo corrected; v3: 11 pages, clarification and reference added, final version to be published in EPL; v4: minor modifications to match the published version
Inherited selective cobalamin malabsorption in Komondor dogs associated with a CUBN splice site variant
Creators: name: Fyfe, John C.
name: Hemker, Shelby L.
name: Frampton, Alycia
name: Raj, Karthik
name: Nagy, Peter L.
name: Gibbon, Kristi J.
name: Giger, Urs
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Komondor
Vitamin B12
Failure to thrive syndrome
Genetic disorders
Diseases--Animal models

description: Background
Three Komondor dogs in a small family and 3 sporadic cases exhibited a constellation of signs that included juvenile-onset of failure-to-thrive, inappetence, vomiting and/or diarrhea, and weakness. In each we documented dyshematopoiesis, increased anion gap, methylmalonic acidemia/-uria, and serum cobalamin deficiency. Urine protein electrophoresis demonstrated excretion of cubam ligands. All clinical signs and metabolic abnormalities, except proteinuria, were reversed by regular parenteral cobalamin administration. The pattern of occurrence and findings in the disorder suggested an autosomal recessive inheritance of cobalamin malabsorption with proteinuria, a condition in humans called Imerslund-Gräsbeck syndrome. The purpose of this study was to determine the molecular cause of this disorder in Komondors.

Results
Whole genome sequencing of two affected Komondor dogs of unknown relatedness and one parent and a clinically-normal littermate of an affected dog revealed a pathogenic single-base change in the CUBN intron 55 splice donor consensus sequence (NM_001003148.1: c.8746 + 1G > A) that was homozygous in affected dogs and heterozygous in the unaffected parents. Alleles of the variant co-segregated with alleles of the disease locus in the entire family and all more distantly-related sporadic cases. A population study using a simple allele-specific DNA test indicated mutant allele frequencies of 8.3 and 4.5% among North American and Hungarian Komondors, respectively.

Conclusions
DNA testing can be used diagnostically in Komondors when clinical signs are suggestive of cobalamin deficiency or to inform Komondor breeders prospectively and prevent occurrence of future affected dogs. This represents the third cubilin variant causing inherited selective cobalamin malabsorption in a large animal ortholog of human Imerslund-Gräsbeck syndrome.
Rapid Thermalization in Field Theory from Gravitational Collapse
Creators: name: Garfinkle, David
name: Zayas, Leopoldo A. Pando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the duality with thermalization in field theory, we study gravitational collapse of a minimally coupled massless scalar field in Einstein gravity with a negative cosmological constant. We investigate the system numerically and establish that for small values of the initial amplitude of the scalar field there is no black hole formation, rather, the scalar field performs an oscillatory motion typical of geodesics in AdS. For large enough values of the amplitude of the scalar field we find black hole formation which we detect numerically as the emergence of an apparent horizon. Using the time of formation as an estimate for thermalization in the field theory we conclude that thermalization occurs very rapidly, close to the causal bound for a very wide range of black hole masses. We further study the thermalization time in more detail as a function of the amplitude and the width of the initial Gaussian scalar field profile and detect a rather mild structure.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures. v2: References added, improved most grids by a factor of 8, main results unchanged. v3 PRD version
iMEGES: integrated mental-disorder GEnome score by deep neural network for prioritizing the susceptibility genes for mental disorders in personal genomes
Creators: name: Khan, Atlas
name: Liu, Qian
name: Wang, Kai
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Neural networks (Neurobiology)
Genomes
Mental illness--Risk factors
Machine learning

description: Background: A range of rare and common genetic variants have been discovered to be potentially associated with mental diseases, but many more have not been uncovered. Powerful integrative methods are needed to systematically prioritize both variants and genes that confer susceptibility to mental diseases in personal genomes of individual patients and to facilitate the development of personalized treatment or therapeutic approaches.

Methods: Leveraging deep neural network on the TensorFlow framework, we developed a computational tool, integrated Mental-disorder GEnome Score (iMEGES), for analyzing whole genome/exome sequencing data on personal genomes. iMEGES takes as input genetic mutations and phenotypic information from a patient with mental disorders, and outputs the rank of whole genome susceptibility variants and the prioritized disease-specific genes for mental disorders by integrating contributions from coding and non-coding variants, structural variants (SVs), known brain expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs), and epigenetic information from PsychENCODE.

Results: iMEGES was evaluated on multiple datasets of mental disorders, and it achieved improved performance than competing approaches when large training dataset is available.

Conclusion: iMEGES can be used in population studies to help the prioritization of novel genes or variants that might be associated with the susceptibility to mental disorders, and also on individual patients to help the identification of genes or variants related to mental diseases.
The Influence of ENSO Flavors on Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Activity
Creators: name: Patricola, Christina M.
name: Camargo, Suzana J.
name: Klotzbach, Philip J.
name: Saravanan, R.
name: Chang, Ping
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Cyclones
Climatic changes
Cyclone forecasting
Atmospherics

description: El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a major source of seasonal western North Pacific (WNP) tropical cyclone (TC) predictability. However, the spatial characteristics of ENSO have changed in recent decades, from warming more typically in the eastern equatorial Pacific during canonical or cold tongue El Niño to warming more typically in the central equatorial Pacific during noncanonical or warm pool El Niño. We investigated the response in basinwide WNP TC activity and spatial clustering of TC tracks to the location and magnitude of El Niño using observations, TC-permitting tropical channel model simulations, and a TC track clustering methodology. We found that simulated western North Pacific TC activity, including accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) and the number of typhoons and intense typhoons, is more effectively enhanced by sea surface temperature warming of the central, compared to the eastern, equatorial Pacific. El Niño also considerably influenced simulated TC tracks regionally, with a decrease in TCs that were generated near the Asian continent and an increase in clusters that were dominated by TC genesis in the southeastern WNP. This response corresponds with the spatial pattern of reduced vertical wind shear and is most effectively driven by central Pacific SST warming. Finally, internal atmospheric variability generated a substantial range in the simulated season total ACE (±25% of the median). However, extremely active WNP seasons were linked with El Niño, rather than internal atmospheric variability, in both observations and climate model simulations.
State- and conformer-selected beams of aligned and oriented molecules for ultrafast diffraction studies
Creators: name: Filsinger, Frank
name: Meijer, Gerard
name: Stapelfeldt, Henrik
name: Chapman, Henry N.
name: Küpper, Jochen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The manipulation of the motion of neutral molecules with electric or magnetic fields has seen tremendous progress over the last decade. Recently, these techniques have been extended to the manipulation of large and complex molecules. In this article we introduce experimental approaches to the manipulation of large molecules, i.e., the deflection, focusing and deceleration using electric fields. We detail how these methods can be exploited to spatially separate quantum states and how to select individual conformers of complex molecules. We briefly describe mixed-field orientation experiments made possible by the quantum-state selection. Moreover, we provide an outlook on ultrafast diffraction experiments using these highly controlled samples.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures
Deterministic continutation of stochastic metastable equilibria via Lyapunov equations and ellipsoids
Creators: name: Kuehn, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Numerical continuation methods for deterministic dynamical systems have been one of the most successful tools in applied dynamical systems theory. Continuation techniques have been employed in all branches of the natural sciences as well as in engineering to analyze ordinary, partial and delay differential equations. Here we show that the deterministic continuation algorithm for equilibrium points can be extended to track information about metastable equilibrium points of stochastic differential equations (SDEs). We stress that we do not develop a new technical tool but that we combine results and methods from probability theory, dynamical systems, numerical analysis, optimization and control theory into an algorithm that augments classical equilibrium continuation methods. In particular, we use ellipsoids defining regions of high concentration of sample paths. It is shown that these ellipsoids and the distances between them can be efficiently calculated using iterative methods that take advantage of the numerical continuation framework. We apply our method to a bistable neural competition model and a classical predator-prey system. Furthermore, we show how global assumptions on the flow can be incorporated - if they are available - by relating numerical continuation, Kramers' formula and Rayleigh iteration.
description: 29 pages, 7 figures [Fig.7 reduced in quality due to arXiv size restrictions]; v2 - added Section 9 on Kramers' formula, additional computations, corrected typos, improved explanations
Additional file 1 of Facilitators and barriers of the implementation of point-of-care devices for cardiometabolic diseases: a scoping review
Creators: name: Tenorio-Mucha, Janeth
name: Busta-Flores, Patricia
name: Lazo-Porras, María
name: Vetter, Beatrice
name: Safary, Elvis
name: Moran, Andrew E.
name: Gupta, Reena
name: Bernabé-Ortiz, Antonio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary table 1. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for ScopingReviews (PRISMA-ScR) Checklist.
Low Energy Action of "Covariant" Superstring Field Theory in the NS-NS pp-Wave Background
Creators: name: Chizaki, Yoichi
name: Yahikozawa, Shigeaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exact construction of superstring field theory in some background fields is very important. We construct the low energy NS-NS sector of superstring field action in the pp-wave background with the flux of NS-NS antisymmetric tensor field (NS-NS pp-wave) without gauge fixing up to the second-order where the action is world-sheet BRST invariant. Here we use the word "covariant" in a invariant theory for a symmetric transformation of the pp-wave background which is not the Lorentz transformation in the flat background. Moreover we prove the exact correspondence between this low energy action and the second-order perturbation of supergravity action in the same background. We also prove the correspondence of the gauge transformation in both the actions. This construction is based on the BRST first quantization of superstrings in the pp-wave background in our previous paper.
description: 34 pages
Analysis of repeated leukocyte DNA methylation assessments reveals persistent epigenetic alterations after an incident myocardial infarction
Creators: name: Ward-Caviness, Cavin K.
name: Agha, Golareh
name: Chen, Brian H.
name: Pfeiffer, Liliane
name: Wilson, Rory
name: Wolf, Petra
name: Gieger, Christian
name: Schwartz, Joel
name: Vokonas, Pantel S.
name: Hou, Lifang
name: Just, Allan C.
name: Bandinelli, Stefania
name: Hernandez, Dena G.
name: Singleton, Andrew B.
name: Prokisch, Holger
name: Meitinger, Thomas
name: Kastenmüller, Gabi
name: Ferrucci, Luigi
name: Baccarelli, Andrea A.
name: Waldenberger, Melanie
name: Peters, Annette
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Myocardial infarction
DNA--Methylation
Epigenetics
Gene expression

description: Background: Most research into myocardial infarctions (MIs) have focused on preventative efforts. For survivors, the occurrence of an MI represents a major clinical event that can have long-lasting consequences. There has been little to no research into the molecular changes that can occur as a result of an incident MI. Here, we use three cohorts to identify epigenetic changes that are indicative of an incident MI and their association with gene expression and metabolomics.

Results: Using paired samples from the KORA cohort, we screened for DNA methylation loci (CpGs) whose change in methylation is potentially indicative of the occurrence of an incident MI between the baseline and follow-up exams. We used paired samples from the NAS cohort to identify 11 CpGs which were predictive in an independent cohort. After removing two CpGs associated with medication usage, we were left with an “epigenetic fingerprint” of MI composed of nine CpGs. We tested this fingerprint in the InCHIANTI cohort where it moderately discriminated incident MI occurrence (AUC = 0.61, P = 6.5 × 10−3). Returning to KORA, we associated the epigenetic fingerprint loci with cis-gene expression and integrated it into a gene expression-metabolomic network, which revealed links between the epigenetic fingerprint CpGs and branched chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism.

Conclusions: There are significant changes in DNA methylation after an incident MI. Nine of these CpGs show consistent changes in multiple cohorts, significantly discriminate MI in independent cohorts, and were independent of medication usage. Integration with gene expression and metabolomics data indicates a link between MI-associated epigenetic changes and BCAA metabolism.
Additional file 2 of Facilitators and barriers of the implementation of point-of-care devices for cardiometabolic diseases: a scoping review
Creators: name: Tenorio-Mucha, Janeth
name: Busta-Flores, Patricia
name: Lazo-Porras, María
name: Vetter, Beatrice
name: Safary, Elvis
name: Moran, Andrew E.
name: Gupta, Reena
name: Bernabé-Ortiz, Antonio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2.
A Note on Holography and Phase Transitions
Creators: name: Bellon, Marc
name: Moreno, Enrique F.
name: Schaposnik, Fidel A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Focusing on the connection between the Landau theory of second order phase transitions and the holographic approach to critical phenomena, we study diverse field theories in an anti-de Sitter black hole background. Through simple analytical approximations, solutions to the equations of motion can be obtained in closed form which give rather good approximations of the results obtained using more involved numerical methods. The agreement we find stems from rather elementary considerations on perturbation of Schrödinger equations.
description: 14 pages, 2 figures. Version published in Advances in High Energy Physics