cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
LA BUENA FE EN EL PROCESO CAUTELAR
Creators: name: Jorge Antonio Plasencia Cruz
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009

description:  SUMARIO: I. Planteamiento del problema.- II. Nociones generales de tutela cautelar; 2.1 Presupuestos para la concesión: Apariencia del derecho y peligro en la demora; 2.2 Presupuestos para la ejecución: Contracautela (caución) y adecuación; 2.3 Caracteres de la tutela cautelar; 2.4 Características del procedimiento cautelar.- III. Medida cautelar pertinente o adecuada.- IV. El principio de la buena fe en el proceso cautelar.- V. Ejercicio abusivo de la medida cautelar; 5.1 Respecto al monto; 5.2 Respecto a los bienes.- VI. Conclusiones.- VII. Bibliografía consultada.
The Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee between universal being and particular suffering
Creators: name: Avital, Yarden
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2022

description: Through an exploration of the history of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee (JAC), this dissertation examines the larger story of Jews in modernity and the tension between the universal and the particular Jews came to embody. Modernity, as the epoch born out of European Enlightenment, is an epoch of paradoxes and unresolvable tensions between the universal man – the abstract individual – and the particular other it assumed and sustained in order to maintain its own boundaries. The Soviet nationalities policy, based on the same universal ideas, was marked by these very tensions. Its attempts to negotiate universal ideas of class struggle with fighting against Great Russian Chauvinism and the oppression of nationalities, kept reproducing these modern paradoxes. As this dissertation shows, Soviet Jews - an anomaly among the many Soviet nationalities - became the ultimate culmination and expression of this tension between the particular and the universal. The JAC, established in 1941 as part of the war against fascism, was to negotiate this very tension in a time where Soviet Jewish particularity came to the fore and was even officially embraced. Exploring the story of its members, their actions, and the different meanings assigned to them, I show how the tension Soviet Jews embodied in their otherness ultimately became irreconcilable. This was an outcome of the recognition of Jewish particular suffering during the war that unavoidably also pointed to Soviet paradoxes and aggression. The particular suffering, thus, had to be repressed along with the particular aggression, only to return as the Anti-cosmopolitan campaign – the very campaign that marked the JAC’s demise. This dissertation, thus, explains the shift in attitude toward Soviet Jews in the postwar years, not through such causalities as the beginning of the cold war or the establishment of the state of Israel, but through an exploration of Soviet fantasies of friendship, unity, and universality.
Gastroschisis with Multiple Skeletal Deformities, Imperforate Anus and Absent Genitalia : A Rare Presentation
Creators: name: Asaranti Kar
name: Tushar Kar
name: GD Nayak
name: Biswal P
name: B, Susmita
name: S Naik
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 170104 Forensic Psychology
subject: FOS: Other medical sciences

description: Gastroschisis is a rare type of congenital abdominal wall defect involving full thickness of anterior abdominal wall. Out of different varieties, gastroschisis is one of the severe forms with an incidence of about 1 in 10,000 live births. The deformity is more commonly seen in young mothers less than 20 years. They are usually small for gestational age and have a high mortality rate. Only 60% survive till the end of first year. Gastroschisis with intact bowel is known as simple and those with intestinal atresia, perforation and/or necrosis are called complex gastroschisis. Usually it is not associated with any other congenital malformations. We present a rare case of gastroschisis associated with other anomalies like limb defects, kyphosis, talipes equinovarus, imperforate anus, absence of external genitalia and nipples. This congenitally abnormal fetus was delivered by a 23 year old primy at 24 weeks of gestation and was diagnosed by ultrasound.
Forehead Morphology Pattern: Does it indicate the Potential Existence of the so-called Forehead Print?
Creators: name: A, Nagy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 170104 Forensic Psychology
subject: FOS: Other medical sciences

description: Forehead is a part of the human body that never been used in forensics or studied for its potential usefulness in forensics. No one ever talked about the variability of forehead morphology among individuals or how can forehead and/or its impression potentially be used for forensic individual identification. In the present study, forehead images were taken for the foreheads of 800 unrelated consented male subjects, volunteers of the Egyptian origin, ranging in age from 10 to over 70 years. Careful examination of the collected forehead images was conducted by the naked eye observation for the existence of forehead wrinkles or any thing else on the forehead that can be specific for the forehead of the individual such as dermatological lesion/s, recent wound or scar of old wound or anything else that can be of value in the individual identification. Forehead wrinkles were examined for the number, shape, position and direction. Forehead could be categorized according to the morphology of the wrinkling pattern that they have. There are two types of forehead wrinkles, horizontal and vertical. Forehead examined for the age of appearance of forehead wrinkles and for the persistence of the wrinkling pattern. Forehead wrinkles have proven that they are persistent and when they appear, they remain throughout the lifetime. Forehead wrinkles have been examined for their shape during different expressions to see what they look like during these expressions. Foreheads were also examined to see what one can rely upon in identification of forehead, especially when the forehead wrinkles are absent.
Artificial topological models based on a one-dimensional spin-dependent optical lattice
Creators: name: Zheng, Zhen
name: Pu, Han
name: Zou, Xubo
name: Guo, Guangcan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological matter is a popular topic in both condensed matter and cold atom research. In the past decades, a variety of models have been identified with fascinating topological features. Some, but not all, of the models can be found in materials. As a fully controllable system, cold atoms trapped in optical lattices provide an ideal platform to simulate and realize these topological models. Here we present a proposal for synthesizing topological models in cold atoms based on a one-dimensional (1D) spin-dependent optical lattice potential. In our system, features such as staggered tunneling, staggered Zeeman field, nearest-neighbor interaction, beyond-near-neighbor tunneling, etc. can be readily realized. They underlie the emergence of various topological phases. Our proposal can be realized with current technology and hence has potential applications in quantum simulation of topological matter.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures
Employee Ownership in Chinese Rural Industry and Lessons from Comparison to the Russian Case
Creators: name: Tseo, George K.Y.
name: Tseo, George K.Y.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: The dichotomous nature of Chinese rural industry is explored. The central fiscal policy change of the reform era that has given rise to the general township-and-village enterprise form remote from major metropolitan areas, is clarified. The traditional socialist form of state-owned enterprises of the rural areas surrounding large cities is described and the capital constraints upon both sub-categories that have prompted stock capitalization and employee ownership are analyzed. The diversity of ownership and management systems that have developed among both township-and-village enterprises and stateowned enterprises is discussed. China's grass-roots, experimental, "inductive" approach to enterprise reform is contrasted with Russia's top-to-bottom, "deductive" approach. The indigenous and gradualist character of Chinese reform is compared to the externally influenced and "big bang" character of Russian reform.
The self-consistent Dyson equation and self-energy functionals: failure or new opportunities?
Creators: name: Tarantino, Walter
name: Romaniello, Pina
name: Berger, J. A.
name: Reining, Lucia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Perturbation theory using self-consistent Green's functions is one of the most widely used approaches to study many-body effects in condensed matter. On the basis of general considerations and by performing analytical calculations for the specific example of the Hubbard atom, we discuss some key features of this approach. We show that when the domain of the functionals that are used to realize the map between the non-interacting and the interacting Green's functions is properly defined, there exists a class of self-energy functionals for which the self-consistent Dyson equation has only one solution, which is the physical one. We also show that manipulation of the perturbative expansion of the interacting Green's function may lead to a wrong self-energy as functional of the interacting Green's function, at least for some regions of the parameter space. These findings confirm and explain numerical results of Kozik et al. for the widely used skeleton series of Luttinger and Ward [Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 156402]. Our study shows that it is important to distinguish between the maps between sets of functions and the functionals that realize those maps. We demonstrate that the self-consistent Green's functions approach itself is not problematic, whereas the functionals that are widely used may have a limited range of validity.
Reliability for detecting oropharyngeal aspiration in children using cervical auscultation
Creators: name: Frakking, Thuy T.
name: Chang, Anne B.
name: Kerry-Ann F. O’Grady
name: David, Michael
name: Weir, Kelly A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: Space Science
Cancer
Science Policy

description: Purpose: Limited data exist that support the reproducibility of cervical auscultation (CA) use in children. This study aimed to determine the reliability of CA in detecting oropharyngeal aspiration (OPA) in children within a controlled environment. Method: This observational study included eight speech-language pathologists who rated clips of 40 normal and 40 OPA swallowing sounds on two separate occasions (i.e.160 sound clips rated by each speech-language pathologist) to comprise a total of 1280 swallow clips rated. Swallowing sound clips were collected from (1) a volunteer sample of 20 healthy children from the general community (mean 16.2 ± 10.7 months; 65% female); (2) a referred sample of 19 children with demonstrated OPA (mean 22.8 ± 25.5 months; 36.8% female), as determined on videofluoroscopic swallow studies (VFSS) using the Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS) (≥6 score). Result: Inter-rater reliability was very good (kappa =0.81, 95%CI 0.79–0.84). Intra-rater reliability for each rater was good to very good (kappa range 0.72–0.98). Overall sensitivity was 93.9% (95%CI 91.8–95.6) and specificity was 94.5% (95%CI 92.5–96.2). High reliability values were found for the detection of OPA versus normal swallows using CA alone. Conclusion: Future research should investigate the use of CA in a variety of clinical settings with less environmental control before CA can be advocated for use in routine clinical practice.
Electrical and electromagnetic responses over steel-cased wells
Creators: name: Heagy, Lindsey J.
name: Oldenburg, Douglas W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electrical and electromagnetic (EM) methods can be diagnostic geophysical imaging tools for monitoring applications, such as carbon capture and storage or hydraulic fracturing. In these settings, it is common that steel-cased wells and other steel infrastructure are present. Grounded source methods, which use electrodes to inject current into the earth are of interest for casing integrity and monitoring applications. Electrostatic, or direct current (DC) resistivity, experiments form the basis of our understanding of the physics of grounded source experiments in terms of charges, currents, and electric fields. Steel-cased wells are highly conductive and although their presence makes numerical modelling more challenging, they can help targets of interest be detected because they channel charges and currents to depth. Time-domain EM experiments use a time-varying transmitter current. Understanding the EM response requires that we consider both galvanic, or DC currents, as well as image currents that are induced in the subsurface. As compared to DC experiments, the physics of EM is more complex because of the multiple current systems, as well as the need to consider magnetic permeability of steel-cased wells. However, EM experiments have the advantage that they can provide a large data set that is sensitive to a target of interest. Ultimately this will increase the potential for being able to extract information about the target.
Crystal growth, structure and magnetic properties of Ca10Cr7O28
Creators: name: Balz, Christian
name: Lake, Bella
name: Reehuis, Manfred
name: Islam, A. T. M. Nazmul
name: Singh, Yogesh
name: Prokhnenko, Oleksandr
name: Pattison, Philip
name: Toth, Sandor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A detailed diffraction study of Ca10Cr7O28 is presented which adds significant new insights into the structural and magnetic properties of this compound. A new crystal structure type was used where the a and b axes are doubled compared to previous models providing a more plausible structure where all crystallographic sites are fully occupied. The presence of two different valences of chromium was verified and the locations of the magnetic Cr5+ and non-magnetic Cr6+ ions were identified. The Cr5+ ions have spin-1/2 and form distorted kagome bilayers which are stacked in an ABC arrangement along the c axis. These results lay the foundation for understanding of the quantum spin liquid behavior in Ca10Cr7O28 which has recently been reported in [C. Balz et al., Nature Physics, 12, 942 (2016)].
Reverse quantum speed limit and minimum Hilbert space norm
Creators: name: Rubin, Mark A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The reverse quantum speed limit (RQSL) gives an upper limit to the time for evolution between initial and final quantum states. We show that, in conjunction with the existence of a minimum time scale, the RQSL implies a lower limit to the norm of the change in a quantum state, and confirm that this limit is satisfied in two-state and ideal-measurement models. Such a lower limit is of relevance for interpretational issues in probability and for understanding the meaning of probability in Everett quantum theory.
description: Expanded discussion regarding significance for interpretation of probability and Everett quantum theory. 12 pp
Positive and negative results on the internal controllability of parabolic equations coupled by zero and first order terms
Creators: name: Duprez, Michel
name: Lissy, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 93B05, 93B07, 35K40

description: This paper is devoted to studying the null and approximate controllability of two linear coupled parabolic equations posed on a smooth domain of R^N (N>1) with coupling terms of zero and first orders and one control localized in some arbitrary nonempty open subset of the domain. We prove the null controllability under a new sufficient condition and we also provide the first example of a not approximately controllable system in the case where the support of one of the nontrivial first order coupling terms intersects the control domain.
Bremsstrahlung radiation from the interaction of short laser pulses with dielectrics
Creators: name: Petrov, G. M.
name: Palastro, J. P.
name: Peñano, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An intense, short laser pulse incident on a transparent dielectric can excite electrons from valence to the conduction band. As these electrons undergo scattering, both from phonons and ions, they emit bremsstrahlung radiation. Here we present a theory of bremsstrahlung emission appropriate for laser pulse-dielectric interactions. Simulations of the interaction, incorporating this theory, illustrate characteristics of the radiation (power, energy and spectra) for arbitrary ratios of electron collision frequency to radiation frequency. The conversion efficiency of laser pulse energy into bremsstrahlung radiation depends strongly on both the intensity and duration of the pulse, saturating at values of about 10e-5. Depending on whether the intensity is above or below the damage threshold of the material, the emission can originate either from the surface or the bulk of the dielectric respectively. The bremsstrahlung emission may provide a broadband light source for diagnostics.
Recent Advances in Heterogeneous Relation Learning for Recommendation
Creators: name: Huang, Chao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recommender systems have played a critical role in many web applications to meet user's personalized interests and alleviate the information overload. In this survey, we review the development of recommendation frameworks with the focus on heterogeneous relational learning, which consists of different types of dependencies among users and items. The objective of this task is to map heterogeneous relational data into latent representation space, such that the structural and relational properties from both user and item domain can be well preserved. To address this problem, recent research developments can fall into three major lines: social recommendation, knowledge graph-enhanced recommender system, and multi-behavior recommendation. We discuss the learning approaches in each category, such as matrix factorization, attention mechanism and graph neural networks, for effectively distilling heterogeneous contextual information. Finally, we present an exploratory outlook to highlight several promising directions and opportunities in heterogeneous relational learning frameworks for recommendation.
description: Published as a paper in IJCAI 2021
Graph Meta Network for Multi-Behavior Recommendation
Creators: name: Xia, Lianghao
name: Xu, Yong
name: Huang, Chao
name: Dai, Peng
name: Bo, Liefeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Modern recommender systems often embed users and items into low-dimensional latent representations, based on their observed interactions. In practical recommendation scenarios, users often exhibit various intents which drive them to interact with items with multiple behavior types (e.g., click, tag-as-favorite, purchase). However, the diversity of user behaviors is ignored in most of the existing approaches, which makes them difficult to capture heterogeneous relational structures across different types of interactive behaviors. Exploring multi-typed behavior patterns is of great importance to recommendation systems, yet is very challenging because of two aspects: i) The complex dependencies across different types of user-item interactions; ii) Diversity of such multi-behavior patterns may vary by users due to their personalized preference. To tackle the above challenges, we propose a Multi-Behavior recommendation framework with Graph Meta Network to incorporate the multi-behavior pattern modeling into a meta-learning paradigm. Our developed MB-GMN empowers the user-item interaction learning with the capability of uncovering type-dependent behavior representations, which automatically distills the behavior heterogeneity and interaction diversity for recommendations. Extensive experiments on three real-world datasets show the effectiveness of MB-GMN by significantly boosting the recommendation performance as compared to various state-of-the-art baselines. The source code is available athttps://github.com/akaxlh/MB-GMN.
description: Published as a full paper at SIGIR 2021
Thermodynamics, stability and Hawking-Page transition of Kerr black holes from Rényi statistics
Creators: name: Czinner, Viktor G.
name: Iguchi, Hideo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermodynamics of rotating black holes described by the Rényi formula as equilibrium and zeroth law compatible entropy function is investigated. We show that similarly to the standard Boltzmann approach, isolated Kerr black holes are stable with respect to axisymmetric perturbations in the Rényi model. On the other hand, when the black holes are surrounded by a bath of thermal radiation, slowly rotating black holes can also be in stable equilibrium with the heat bath at a fixed temperature, in contrast to the Boltzmann description. For the question of possible phase transitions in the system, we show that a Hawking-Page transition and a first order small black hole/large black hole transition occur, analogous to the picture of rotating black holes in AdS space. These results confirm the similarity between the Rényi-asymptotically flat and Boltzmann-AdS approaches to black hole thermodynamics in the rotating case as well. We derive the relations between the thermodynamic parameters based on this correspondence.
description: 29 pages, 20 figures
Traversable wormhole in logarithmic $f(R)$ gravity by various shape and redshift functions
Creators: name: Sadeghi, J.
name: Shokri, M.
name: Gashti, S. Noori
name: Pourhassan, B.
name: Rudra, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the traversable wormhole solutions for a logarithmic corrected $f(R)$ model by considering two different statements of shape $b(r)$ and redshift $Φ(r)$ functions. We calculate the parameters of the model including energy density $ρ$, tangential pressure $P_{t}$ and radial pressure $P_{r}$ for the corresponding forms of the functions. Then, we investigate different energy conditions such as null energy condition, weak energy condition, dominant energy condition and strong energy condition for our considered cases. Finally, we explain the satisfactory conditions of energy of the models by related plots.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures, accepted version of paper
A novel framework based on deep learning and ANOVA feature selection method for diagnosis of COVID-19 cases from chest X-ray Images
Creators: name: Nasiri, Hamid
name: Alavi, Seyyed Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The new coronavirus (known as COVID-19) was first identified in Wuhan and quickly spread worldwide, wreaking havoc on the economy and people's everyday lives. Fever, cough, sore throat, headache, exhaustion, muscular aches, and difficulty breathing are all typical symptoms of COVID-19. A reliable detection technique is needed to identify affected individuals and care for them in the early stages of COVID-19 and reduce the virus's transmission. The most accessible method for COVID-19 identification is RT-PCR; however, due to its time commitment and false-negative results, alternative options must be sought. Indeed, compared to RT-PCR, chest CT scans and chest X-ray images provide superior results. Because of the scarcity and high cost of CT scan equipment, X-ray images are preferable for screening. In this paper, a pre-trained network, DenseNet169, was employed to extract features from X-ray images. Features were chosen by a feature selection method (ANOVA) to reduce computations and time complexity while overcoming the curse of dimensionality to improve predictive accuracy. Finally, selected features were classified by XGBoost. The ChestX-ray8 dataset, which was employed to train and evaluate the proposed method. This method reached 98.72% accuracy for two-class classification (COVID-19, healthy) and 92% accuracy for three-class classification (COVID-19, healthy, pneumonia).
A neural simulation-based inference approach for characterizing the Galactic Center $γ$-ray excess
Creators: name: Mishra-Sharma, Siddharth
name: Cranmer, Kyle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The nature of the Fermi gamma-ray Galactic Center Excess (GCE) has remained a persistent mystery for over a decade. Although the excess is broadly compatible with emission expected due to dark matter annihilation, an explanation in terms of a population of unresolved astrophysical point sources e.g., millisecond pulsars, remains viable. The effort to uncover the origin of the GCE is hampered in particular by an incomplete understanding of diffuse emission of Galactic origin. This can lead to spurious features that make it difficult to robustly differentiate smooth emission, as expected for a dark matter origin, from more "clumpy" emission expected for a population of relatively bright, unresolved point sources. We use recent advancements in the field of simulation-based inference, in particular density estimation techniques using normalizing flows, in order to characterize the contribution of modeled components, including unresolved point source populations, to the GCE. Compared to traditional techniques based on the statistical distribution of photon counts, our machine learning-based method is able to utilize more of the information contained in a given model of the Galactic Center emission, and in particular can perform posterior parameter estimation while accounting for pixel-to-pixel spatial correlations in the gamma-ray map. This makes the method demonstrably more resilient to certain forms of model misspecification. On application to Fermi data, the method generically attributes a smaller fraction of the GCE flux to unresolved point sources when compared to traditional approaches. We nevertheless infer such a contribution to make up a non-negligible fraction of the GCE across all analysis variations considered, with at least $38^{+9}_{-19}\%$ of the excess attributed to unresolved point sources in our baseline analysis.
description: 21+4 pages, 10+6 figures; v2, version published in PRD with additional tests and minor changes to text, results and conclusions unchanged
Separation of inverse spin Hall effect and anomalous Nernst effect in ferromagnetic metals
Creators: name: Wu, Hao
name: Wang, Xiao
name: Huang, Li
name: Qin, Jianying
name: Fang, Chi
name: Zhang, Xuan
name: Wan, Caihua
name: Han, Xiufeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) in ferromagnetic metals (FM) can also be used to detect the spin current generated by longitudinal spin Seebeck effect in a ferromagnetic insulator YIG. However, anomalous Nernst effect(ANE) in FM itself always mixes in the thermal voltage. In this work, the exchange bias structure (NiFe/IrMn)is employed to separate these two effects. The exchange bias structure provides a shift field to NiFe, which can separate the magnetization of NiFe from that of YIG in M-H loops. As a result, the ISHE related to magnetization of YIG and the ANE related to the magnetization of NiFe can be separated as well. By comparison with Pt, a relative spin Hall angle of NiFe (0.87) is obtained, which results from the partially filled 3d orbits and the ferromagnetic order. This work puts forward a practical method to use the ISHE in ferromagnetic metals towards future spintronic applications.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Perovskites for Solar and Thermal Energy Harvesting: State of the Art Technologies, Current Scenario and Future Directions
Creators: name: Pandey, Richa
name: Vats, Gaurav
name: Yun, Jae
name: Bowen, Chris R
name: Ho-Baillie, Anita W. Y.
name: Seidel, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solar energy is anticipated to be the most viable source of sustainable green energy. Perovskites have gained significant research attention in recent years as a solar energy harvesting material due to their desirable photovoltaic enabling properties. The potential strategies for a more effective use of these materials can involve multiple energy conversion mechanisms through a single device or employing materials where a solar or thermal input provides multiple electrical outputs to enhance the overall energy harvesting capability. In this context, the present review focuses on perovskites, including both organic halide perovskites and inorganic oxide perovskites, due to their proven properties as photovoltaic materials and their intriguing potential for additional functionality, such as ferroelectricity. Ferroelectrics are a special class of perovskites that have been studied in detail for photoferroic, pyroelectric and thermoelectric effects and energy storage, which we briefly review here. Furthermore, the possibilities of simultaneously tuning these mechanisms in perovskite materials for multiple energy conversion mechanisms and storage for ultra-high density capacitor and battery applications is also examined in order to attain a better understanding and to present novel opportunities. An understanding of all these mechanisms and device prospects will inspire and inform the selection of appropriate materials and potential novel designs so that the available solar and thermal resource could be utilized in a more effective manner. This review will not only help in selecting an appropriate material from the existing pool of perovskite materials, but will also provide an outlook and assistance to researchers in developing new material systems.
description: 56 Pages, 10 Figures, 2 Tables
Chemical abundances of fast-rotating massive stars. I. Description of the methods and individual results
Creators: name: Cazorla, Constantin
name: Morel, Thierry
name: Naze, Yael
name: Rauw, Gregor
name: Semaan, Thierry
name: Daflon, Simone
name: Oey, M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims: Recent observations have challenged our understanding of rotational mixing in massive stars by revealing a population of fast-rotating objects with apparently normal surface nitrogen abundances. However, several questions have arisen because of a number of issues, which have rendered a reinvestigation necessary; these issues include the presence of numerous upper limits for the nitrogen abundance, unknown multiplicity status, and a mix of stars with different physical properties, such as their mass and evolutionary state, which are known to control the amount of rotational mixing. Methods: We have carefully selected a large sample of bright, fast-rotating early-type stars of our Galaxy (40 objects with spectral types between B0.5 and O4). Their high-quality, high-resolution optical spectra were then analysed with the stellar atmosphere modelling codes DETAIL/SURFACE or CMFGEN, depending on the temperature of the target. Several internal and external checks were performed to validate our methods; notably, we compared our results with literature data for some well-known objects, studied the effect of gravity darkening, or confronted the results provided by the two codes for stars amenable to both analyses. Furthermore, we studied the radial velocities of the stars to assess their binarity. Results: This first part of our study presents our methods and provides the derived stellar parameters, He, CNO abundances, and the multiplicity status of every star of the sample. It is the first time that He and CNO abundances of such a large number of Galactic massive fast rotators are determined in a homogeneous way.
description: accepted for publication by A&A
Analogue of double-$Λ$-type atomic medium and vector dromions in a plasmonic metamaterial
Creators: name: Zhang, Qi
name: Bai, Zhengyang
name: Huang, Guoxiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider an array of the meta-atom consisting of two cut-wires and a split-ring resonator interacting with an electromagnetic field with two polarization components. We prove that such metamaterial system can be taken as a classical analogue of an atomic medium with a double- $Λ$-type four-level configuration coupled with four laser fields, exhibits an effect of plasmon induced transparency (PIT), and displays a similar behavior of atomic four-wave mixing (FWM). We demonstrate that when nonlinear varactors are mounted onto the gaps of the split-ring resonators the system can acquire giant second- and third-order Kerr nonlinearities via the PIT and a longwave-shortwave interaction. We also demonstrate that the system supports high-dimensional vector plasmonic dromions [i.e. (2+1)-dimensional plasmonic solitons with two polarization components, each of which has a coupling between a longwave and a shortwave], which have very low generation power and are robust during propagation. Our work gives not only a plasmonic analogue of the FWM in coherent atomic systems but also provides the possibility for obtaining new type of nonlinear polaritons in plasmonic metamaterials.
Towards understanding the Planck thermal dust models
Creators: name: Liu, Hao
name: von Hausegger, Sebastian
name: Naselsky, Pavel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 85A40

description: Understanding the properties of dust emission in the microwave domain is an important premise for the next generation of cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments, devoted to the measurement of the primordial $B$-modes of polarization. In this paper, we compare three solutions to thermal dust emission by the Planck Collaboration \cite{PlanckDust03,planck_16,planck_com} to point out significant differences between their respective parameters (the spectral index $β$, the optical depth $τ$ and the dust temperature $T_d$). These differences originate from e.g. the priors on the parameters or the contribution of the Cosmic infrared background (CIB).
description: 7 pages, 8 figures, Accepted for publication in PRD
TDACNN: Target-domain-free Domain Adaptation Convolutional Neural Network for Drift Compensation in Gas Sensors
Creators: name: Zhang, Yuelin
name: Xiang, Sihao
name: Wang, Zehuan
name: Peng, Xiaoyan
name: Tian, Yutong
name: Duan, Shukai
name: Yan, Jia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Sensor drift is a long-existing unpredictable problem that deteriorates the performance of gaseous substance recognition, calling for an antidrift domain adaptation algorithm. However, the prerequisite for traditional methods to achieve fine results is to have data from both nondrift distributions (source domain) and drift distributions (target domain) for domain alignment, which is usually unrealistic and unachievable in real-life scenarios. To compensate for this, in this paper, deep learning based on a target-domain-free domain adaptation convolutional neural network (TDACNN) is proposed. The main concept is that CNNs extract not only the domain-specific features of samples but also the domain-invariant features underlying both the source and target domains. Making full use of these various levels of embedding features can lead to comprehensive utilization of different levels of characteristics, thus achieving drift compensation by the extracted intermediate features between two domains. In the TDACNN, a flexible multibranch backbone with a multiclassifier structure is proposed under the guidance of bionics, which utilizes multiple embedding features comprehensively without involving target domain data during training. A classifier ensemble method based on maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) is proposed to evaluate all the classifiers jointly based on the credibility of the pseudolabel. To optimize network training, an additive angular margin softmax loss with parameter dynamic adjustment is utilized. Experiments on two drift datasets under different settings demonstrate the superiority of TDACNN compared with several state-of-the-art methods.
description: Published in Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, Volume 361, 15 June 2022, 131739
Issues Concerning Clinical Research Using Human Pathologic Bioresources in the Biobank Era
Creators: name: Inoue, Hikari
name: Tatsuaki Tsuruyama
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 170104 Forensic Psychology
subject: FOS: Other medical sciences

description: Biobanks storing human pathologic resources have recently emerged as critical research platforms throughout the world for the discovery of biomarkers. Pathologists have not yet established policy consensus, regulations, or informed consent (IC) guidelines for the clinical use of archival pathologic resources. Obtaining broad consent from donors for biobanks in Japan is based on the expression of passive consent to use the remaining resources after pathologic diagnosis. However, genetic and proteomic studies using pathologic formaldehyde-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks (FFPE) have been developed recently and IC for the use of FFPE has become critical. In the current paper, we reviewed the Japanese guidelines for the use of human resources and discuss medical ethics criteria pertaining to IC for the use of FFPE and other formats when IC is not possible because of difficulties in contacting relatives of deceased donors. We propose the use of archival FFPE could be possible after providing official notification of its general use for clinical studies through a webpage or other information technology platform. Furthermore, we also suggest that access to samples over a sufficient term, i.e., greater than several years, is necessary. In conclusion, it is important to establish a common consent form for these institutions.
Universal Spatiotemporal Sampling Sets for Discrete Spatially Invariant Evolution Systems
Creators: name: Tang, Sui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 94A20, 94A12, 42C15, 15A29

description: Let $(I,+)$ be a finite abelian group and $\mathbf{A}$ be a circular convolution operator on $\ell^2(I)$. The problem under consideration is how to construct minimal $Ω\subset I$ and $l_i$ such that $Y=\{\mathbf{e}_i, \mathbf{A}\mathbf{e}_i, \cdots, \mathbf{A}^{l_i}\mathbf{e}_i: i\in Ω\}$ is a frame for $\ell^2(I)$, where $\{\mathbf{e}_i: i\in I\}$ is the canonical basis of $\ell^2(I)$. This problem is motivated by the spatiotemporal sampling problem in discrete spatially invariant evolution systems. We will show that the cardinality of $Ω$ should be at least equal to the largest geometric multiplicity of eigenvalues of $\mathbf{A}$, and we consider the universal spatiotemporal sampling sets $(Ω, l_i)$ for convolution operators $\mathbf{A}$ with eigenvalues subject to the same largest geometric multiplicity. We will give an algebraic characterization for such sampling sets and show how this problem is linked with sparse signal processing theory and polynomial interpolation theory.
Tracking ultrafast change of multiterahertz broadband response functions in a photoexcited Dirac semimetal Cd$_3$As$_2$ thin film
Creators: name: Kanda, Natsuki
name: Murotani, Yuta
name: Matsuda, Takuya
name: Goyal, Manik
name: Salmani-Rezaie, Salva
name: Yoshinobu, Jun
name: Stemmer, Susanne
name: Matsunaga, Ryusuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electromagnetic response of Dirac semimetals in the infrared and terahertz frequency ranges is attracting growing interest for potential applications in optoelectronics and nonlinear optics. The interplay between the free-carrier response and interband transitions in the gapless, linear dispersion relation plays a key role in enabling novel functionalities. Here we investigate ultrafast dynamics in thin films of a photoexcited Dirac semimetal Cd$_3$As$_2$ by probing the broadband response functions as complex quantities in the multiterahertz region (10-45 THz, 40-180 meV, or 7-30 $μ$m), which covers the crossover between the inter and intraband response. We resolve dynamics of the photoexcited nonthermal electrons which merge with originally existing carriers to form a single thermalized electron gas and how it is facilitated by high-density excitation. We also demonstrate that a large reduction of the refractive index by 80% dominates the nonequilibrium infrared response, which can be utilized for designing ultrafast switches in active optoelectronics.
description: 20 pages
Relativistic collapse of Landau levels of Kane fermions in crossed electric and magnetic fields
Creators: name: Krishtopenko, Sergey S.
name: Teppe, Frédéric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using an elegant model involving only $Γ_{6c}$ and $Γ_{8v}$ bands, massless Kane fermions were defined as the particles associated with the peculiar band structure of gapless HgCdTe crystals. Although their dispersion relation resembles that of a pseudo-spin-1 Dirac semimetal, these particles were originally considered to be hybrids of pseudospin-1 and -1/2 fermions. Here we unequivocally find that by considering an additional $Γ_{7c}$ conduction band inherent in HgCdTe crystals, the Kane fermions are ultimately two nested Dirac particles. This observation allows the direct application of Lorentz transformations to describe the relativistic behavior of these particles in crossed electric and magnetic fields. By studying the relativistic collapse of their Landau levels at different orientations between the crossed fields and the main crystallographic axes, we demonstrate that the Kane fermions strikingly decay into two independent Dirac particles with increasing of electric field. Our results provide new insight into semi-relativistic effects in narrow-gap semiconductors in crossed electric and magnetic fields.
description: 18 pages (with Appendices), 5 figures
Destruction of Anderson localization in quantum nonlinear Schrödinger lattices
Creators: name: Milovanov, Alexander V.
name: Iomin, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The four-wave interaction in quantum nonlinear Schrödinger lattices with disorder is shown to destroy the Anderson localization of waves, giving rise to unlimited spreading of the nonlinear field to large distances. Moreover, the process is not thresholded in the quantum domain, contrary to its "classical" counterpart, and leads to an accelerated spreading of the subdiffusive type, with the dispersion $\langle(Δn)^2\rangle \sim t^{1/2}$ for $t\rightarrow+\infty$. The results, presented here, shed new light on the origin of subdiffusion in systems with a broad distribution of relaxation times.
description: 4 pages, no figures
Variational Predictive Routing with Nested Subjective Timescales
Creators: name: Zakharov, Alexey
name: Guo, Qinghai
name: Fountas, Zafeirios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Discovery and learning of an underlying spatiotemporal hierarchy in sequential data is an important topic for machine learning. Despite this, little work has been done to explore hierarchical generative models that can flexibly adapt their layerwise representations in response to datasets with different temporal dynamics. Here, we present Variational Predictive Routing (VPR) - a neural probabilistic inference system that organizes latent representations of video features in a temporal hierarchy, based on their rates of change, thus modeling continuous data as a hierarchical renewal process. By employing an event detection mechanism that relies solely on the system's latent representations (without the need of a separate model), VPR is able to dynamically adjust its internal state following changes in the observed features, promoting an optimal organisation of representations across the levels of the model's latent hierarchy. Using several video datasets, we show that VPR is able to detect event boundaries, disentangle spatiotemporal features across its hierarchy, adapt to the dynamics of the data, and produce accurate time-agnostic rollouts of the future. Our approach integrates insights from neuroscience and introduces a framework with high potential for applications in model-based reinforcement learning, where flexible and informative state-space rollouts are of particular interest.
description: 18 pages, 13 figures
High-Order Curvilinear Finite Element Magneto-Hydrodynamics I: A Conservative Lagrangian Scheme
Creators: name: Nikl, Jan
name: Kuchařík, Milan
name: Weber, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magneto-hydrodynamics is one of the foremost models in plasma physics with applications in inertial confinement fusion, astrophysics and elsewhere. Advanced numerical methods are needed to get an insight into the complex physical phenomena. The classical Lagrangian methods are typically limited to the low orders of convergence and suffer from violation of the divergence-free condition for magnetic field or conservation of the invariants. This paper is the first part of a new series about high-order non-ideal magneto-hydrodynamics, where a multi-dimensional conservative Lagrangian method based on curvilinear finite elements is presented. The condition on zero divergence of magnetic field and conservation of mass, momentum, magnetic flux and the total energy are satisfied exactly. The curvilinear elements prevent entangling of the computational mesh and its imprinting into the solution. A high-order conservative time integration is applied, where an arbitrary order of convergence is attained for problems of ideal magneto-hydrodynamics. The resistive magnetic field diffusion is solved by an implicit scheme. Description of the method is given and multiple test problems demonstrating properties of the scheme are performed. The construction of the method and possible future directions of development are discussed.