cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Electrical-Thermal Switching in Carbon Black-Polymer Composites as a Local Effect
Creators: name: Azulay, D.
name: Eylon, M.
name: Eshkenazi, O.
name: Toker, D.
name: Balberg, M.
name: Shimoni, N.
name: Millo, O.
name: Balberg, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Following the lack of microscopic information about the intriguing well-known electrical-thermal switching mechanism in Carbon Black-Polymer composites, we applied atomic force microscopy in order to reveal the local nature of the process and correlated it with the characteristics of the widely used commercial switches. We conclude that the switching events take place in critical interparticle tunneling junctions that carry most of the current. The macroscopic switched state is then a result of a dynamic-stationary state of fast switching and slow reconnection of the corresponding junctions.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures,Typographic correction
Agriculture erases climate-driven β-diversity in Neotropical bird communities
Creators: name: Karp, Daniel Sol
name: Frishkoff, Luke Owen
name: Echeverri Ochoa, Alejandra
name: Zook, Jim
name: Juárez, Pedro José
name: Chan, Kai Ming Adam, 1975-
Publisher: name: John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Year: 2017

description: Earth is experiencing multiple global changes that will, together, determine the fate of many species. Yet how biological communities respond to concurrent stressors at local to regional scales is largely unknown. In particular, understanding how local habitat conversion interacts with regional climate change to shape patterns in β-diversity—differences among sites in their species compositions—is critical to forecast communities in the Anthropocene. Here, we study patterns in bird β-diversity across land-use and precipitation gradients in Costa Rica. We mapped forest cover, modelled regional precipitation, and collected data on bird community composition, vegetation structure, and tree diversity across 120 sites on 20 farms to answer three questions. First, do bird communities respond more strongly to changes in land-use or climate in northwest Costa Rica? Second, does habitat conversion eliminate β-diversity across climate gradients? Third, does regional climate control how communities respond to habitat conversion and, if so, how? After correcting for imperfect detection, we found that local land-use determined community shifts along the climate gradient. In forests, bird communities were distinct between sites that differed in vegetation structure or precipitation. In agriculture, however, vegetation structure was more uniform, contributing to 7-11% less bird turnover than in forests. Additionally, bird responses to agriculture and climate were linked: agricultural communities across the precipitation gradient shared more species with dry than wet forest communities. These findings suggest that habitat conversion and anticipated climate drying will act together to exacerbate biotic homogenization.
Effects of land market regulation – agent-based simulations of the NASG in Niedersachsen
Creators: name: Heinrich, Florian
name: Appel, Franziska
name: Balmann, Alfons
name: Heinrich, Florian
name: Appel, Franziska
name: Balmann, Alfons
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: structural change
subject: land market
subject: land market regulation
subject: agent-based modeling

description: Governments in several German states discuss or propose land market regulations. In this paper we analyze the proposed land market regulations of the NASG in Niedersachsen with an agent-based approach. Our simulation results show some unexpected effects. While rental prices for arable land increase slower due to the regulations, they increase faster for grassland. The number of small farms decreases because they grow into a larger size class. Regarding farm profits, medium and large sized farms can benefit the most, while very large farms are disadvantaged. Overall, the results show a differentiated picture, as the policy’s desired effects cannot entirely be achieved.
Stochastic series expansion method for quantum Ising models with arbitrary interactions
Creators: name: Sandvik, Anders W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A quantum Monte Carlo algorithm for the transverse Ising model with arbitrary short- or long-range interactions is presented. The algorithm is based on sampling the diagonal matrix elements of the power series expansion of the density matrix (stochastic series expansion), and avoids the interaction summations necessary in conventional methods. In the case of long-range interactions, the scaling of the computation time with the system size N is therefore reduced from N^2 to Nln(N). The method is tested on a one-dimensional ferromagnet in a transverse field, with interactions decaying as 1/r^2.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Land Market Institutions and Agricultural Productivity in Ukraine
Creators: name: Koshovnyk, Roman
name: Nivievskyi, Oleg
name: Koshovnyk, Roman
name: Nivievskyi, Oleg
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: institutional economics
subject: land tenure
subject: property rights

description: Ukraine’s agriculture increasingly contributes to global food security. However, there is a significant untapped agricultural production and export potential with the country. Weak land governance and institutions, including the moratorium on farmland sales, are generally recognized as the major source of a significant agricultural productivity gap in Ukraine. In this paper we match a rich farm-level accounting data with a unique set of land governance indicators to measure the role of land institutions in enhancing agriculture productivity. Controlling for farm specific characteristics, land institutions turned out to have quite sizable impact on productivity.
Precise Wigner-Weyl calculus for lattice models
Creators: name: Fialkovsky, I. V.
name: Zubkov, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new version of Wigner-Weyl calculus for tight-binding lattice models. It allows to express various physical quantities through Weyl symbols of operators and Green's functions. In particular, Hall conductivity in the presence of varying and arbitrarily strong magnetic field is represented using the proposed formalism as a topological invariant.
description: Latex, 37 pages
title: The devil in the details: Subtle thoracic imaging findings with serious clinical impact
Creators: name: Atak, Firat
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Infection
subject: Haematologic diseases
subject: Abscess
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Catheters
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: CT
subject: Vascular
subject: Thorax
subject: Abdomen

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To guide radiologists for future chest CT evaluations by discussing subtle findings that can change the patient management with a systematical and case-based...
Recent K2K Results
Creators: name: Ishii, Takanobu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The disappearance of nu_mu was studied using the K2K-I dataset, which was taken before July, 2001. We observed indications of neutrino oscillation. The resultant oscillation-parameter region was consistent with the atmospheric neutrino result. The appearance of nu_e was searced for in the same dataset. No excess was found over the expected background.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures; Presented at the 5th Workshop on Neutrino Oscillations and their Origin (NOON2004), Tokyo, Japan, February 11-15,2004
title: More than just bleeding...complications associated with percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and tips/tricks to avoid them
Creators: name: Roshen, Michael
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Outcomes
subject: Obstruction / Occlusion
subject: Education and training
subject: Pyelography
subject: Contrast agent-other
subject: Complications
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Fluoroscopy
subject: Kidney
subject: Interventional non-vascular

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To discuss the steps involved in carrying out PCNL at our local institution, complications that can arise, and ways to increase the success...
Sub-Theme 1: E-Business and Value Chain Development in the Agricultural Sector
Creators: name: E., Ademola Oluwaseyi
name: A., Omotesho Olubunmi
name: L., Olaghere Ivie
name: E., Ademola Oluwaseyi
name: A., Omotesho Olubunmi
name: L., Olaghere Ivie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Plantain
subject: Gross margin
subject: Marketing margin
subject: Marketing efficiency
subject: Constraints
subject: Osun State

description: Plantains .are crops of econoptic value and can serve as a source of foreign exchange if given prop r attention. Not much has been documented on this potential especially as regards the profit accrued by the various actors in the plantain value chain. The study estimated the profit margin of players along the plantain value chain, examined the factors affecting the gain of actors and identified the constraints faced by the actors. Stratified sampling technique was used to select 125 producers, processors and marketers in Osun state. Primary data was collected using well-structured interview schedule. Gross and marketing margin, Ordinary least square regression and Likert-type scale were used for data analysis. The study revealed that the gross margin accrued to plantain producers wa. N207, 777.42/ha per annum, while the marketing margin/bunch for the plantain processors and marketers was N4 l 5 ( 41.5%) and N378 (37.8%) respectively. Household size, quantities of labour, suckers and pesticide used were factors that affected the gross margin of producers. Total input cost and transportation cost contributed to the marketing margin of processors and marketers. Maj or constraint faced by plantain farmers was the high cost of labour. The high cost of plantain and lack of a uniform unit of measurement were the most severe constraints among processors and marketers respectively. The study concluded that the plantain value chain was profitable for a ll the actors, and recommended that the government should formulate incentives that would encourage more people to go into plantain production, processing and marketing.
Longitudinally Polarized Photoproduction of Inclusive Hadrons Beyond the Leading Order
Creators: name: Jager, B.
name: Stratmann, M.
name: Vogelsang, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a complete next-to-leading order QCD calculation for single-inclusive large-pT hadron production in longitudinally polarized lepton-nucleon collisions, consistently including ``direct'' and ``resolved'' photon contributions. This process could be studied experimentally at a future polarized lepton-proton collider like eRHIC at BNL. We examine the sensitivity of such measurements to the so far completely unknown parton content of circularly polarized photons.
description: 15 pages, 7 eps figures
Additional file 1 of The influence of spirituality on decision-making in palliative care outpatients: a cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Rego, Francisca
name: Gonçalves, Florbela
name: Moutinho, Susana
name: Castro, Luísa
name: Nunes, Rui
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 1. Semi-structured interview
Phase locking in quantum and classical oscillators: polariton condensates, lasers, and arrays of Josephson junctions
Creators: name: Eastham, P. R.
name: Szymanska, M. H.
name: Littlewood, P. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We connect three phenomena in which a coherent electromagnetic field could be generated: polariton condensation, phase-locking in arrays of underdamped Josephson junctions, and lasing. All these phenomena have been described using Dicke-type models of spins coupled to a single photon mode. These descriptions may be distinguished by whether the spins are quantum or classical, and whether they are strongly or weakly damped.
description: 6 pages, RevTex. To appear in a special edition of Solid State Communications on "Quantum Phases at the Nanoscale"
Smearing of the phase transition in Ising systems with planar defects
Creators: name: Vojta, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that phase transitions in Ising systems with planar defects, i.e., disorder perfectly correlated in two dimensions are destroyed by smearing. This is caused by effects similar to but stronger than the Griffiths phenomena: Exponentially rare spatial regions can develop true static long-range order even when the bulk system is still in its disordered phase. Close to the smeared transition, the order parameter is very inhomogeneous in space, with the thermodynamic (average) order parameter depending exponentially on temperature. We determine the behavior using extremal statistics, and we illustrate the results by computer simulations.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures, to appear in J. Phys. A
Electron transfer rates for asymmetric reactions
Creators: name: Muehlbacher, L.
name: Egger, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a numerically exact real-time path integral Monte Carlo scheme to compute electron transfer dynamics between two redox sites within a spin-boson approach. The case of asymmetric reactions is studied in detail in the least understood crossover region between nonadiabatic and adiabatic electron transfer. At intermediate-to-high temperature, we find good agreement with standard Marcus theory, provided dynamical recrossing effects are captured. The agreement with our data is practically perfect when temperature renormalization is allowed. At low temperature we find peculiar electron transfer kinetics in strongly asymmetric systems, characterized by rapid transient dynamics and backflow to the donor.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Chemical Physics Special Issue on the Spin-Boson Problem, ed. by H. Grabert and A. Nitzan
title: The Parotid Gland On Ultrasound: Old But Gold
Creators: name: Pires, Verena
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Neoplasia
subject: Metabolic disorders
subject: Endocrine disorders
subject: Image compression
subject: eLearning
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Salivary glands
subject: Head and neck
subject: Anatomy

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Present the normal anatomy of the parotid. Review the characteristics of the most common benign and malignant pathologies and illustrate their imaging particularly ultrasonographic findings. Acknowledge the advantages and limitations of this...
Carbon antisite clusters in SiC: a possible pathway to the D_{II} center
Creators: name: Mattausch, Alexander
name: Bockstedte, Michel
name: Pankratov, Oleg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The photoluminescence center D_{II} is a persistent intrinsic defect which is common in all SiC polytypes. Its fingerprints are the characteristic phonon replicas in luminescence spectra. We perform ab-initio calculations of vibrational spectra for various defect complexes and find that carbon antisite clusters exhibit vibrational modes in the frequency range of the D_{II} spectrum. The clusters possess very high binding energies which guarantee their thermal stability--a known feature of the D_{II} center. The di-carbon antisite (C_{2})_{Si} (two carbon atoms sharing a silicon site) is an important building block of these clusters.
description: RevTeX 4, 6 pages, 3 figures Changes in version 2: Section headings, footnote included in text, vibrational data now given for neutral split-interstitial, extended discussion of the [(C_2)_Si]_2 defect incl. figure Changes version 3: Correction of binding energy for 3rd and 4th carbon atom at antisite; correction of typos
Wind of Change: retrieving exoplanet atmospheric winds from high-resolution spectroscopy
Creators: name: Seidel, J. V.
name: Ehrenreich, D.
name: Pino, L.
name: Bourrier, V.
name: Lavie, B.
name: Allart, R.
name: Wyttenbach, A.
name: Lovis, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. The atmosphere of exoplanets has been studied extensively in recent years, using numerical models to retrieve chemical composition, dynamical circulation or temperature from data. One of the best observational probes in transmission is the sodium doublet, due to its large cross section. However, modelling the shape of the planetary sodium lines has proven to be challenging. Models with different assumptions regarding the atmosphere have been employed to fit the lines in the literature, yet statistically sound direct comparisons of different models are needed to paint a clear picture. Aims. We will compare different wind and temperature patterns and provide a tool to distinguish them driven by their best fit for the sodium transmission spectrum of the hot Jupiter HD 189733b. We parametrise different possible wind patterns already tested in literature and introduce the new option of an upwards driven vertical wind. Methods. We construct a forward model where the wind speed, wind geometry and temperature are injected into the calculation of the transmission spectrum. We embed this forward model in a nested sampling retrieval code to rank the models via their Bayesian evidence. Results. We retrieve a best-fit to the HD 189733b data for vertical upward winds $|\vec{v}_{\mathrm{ver}}(\mathrm{mean})|=40\pm4$ km/s at altitudes above $10^{-6}$ bar. With the current data from HARPS, we cannot distinguish wind patterns for higher pressure atmospheric layers. Conclusions. We show that vertical upwards winds in the upper atmosphere are a possible explanation for the broad sodium signature in hot Jupiters. We highlight other influences on the width of the doublet and explore strong magnetic fields acting on the lower atmosphere as one possible origin of the retrieved wind speed.
description: 17 pages, 30 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics (04.12.2019)
title: Hepatic lesions with capsular retraction: a diagnostic challenge
Creators: name: Vilela, Vinicius
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Education and training
subject: Education
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Gastrointestinal tract
subject: Anatomy
subject: Abdomen

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Hepatic lesions from different etiologies can present with capsular retraction. This review aims to present relevant clinical and imaging features that can help in this challenging differential...
Multivariate Rank-based Distribution-free Nonparametric Testing using Measure Transportation
Creators: name: Nabarun Deb
name: Bodhisattva Sen
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Computational Biology

description: In this paper, we propose a general framework for distribution-free nonparametric testing in multi-dimensions, based on a notion of multivariate ranks defined using the theory of measure transportation. Unlike other existing proposals in the literature, these multivariate ranks share a number of useful properties with the usual one-dimensional ranks; most importantly, these ranks are distribution-free. This crucial observation allows us to design nonparametric tests that are exactly distribution-free under the null hypothesis. We demonstrate the applicability of this approach by constructing exact distribution-free tests for two classical nonparametric problems: (I) testing for mutual independence between random vectors, and (II) testing for the equality of multivariate distributions. In particular, we propose (multivariate) rank versions of distance covariance ((Székely et al. [117]) and energy statistic (Székely and Rizzo [116]) for testing scenarios (I) and (II) respectively. In both these problems we derive the asymptotic null distribution of the proposed test statistics. We further show that our tests are consistent against all fixed alternatives. Moreover, the proposed tests are computationally feasible and are well-defined under minimal assumptions on the underlying distributions (e.g., they do not need any moment assumptions). We also demonstrate the efficacy of these procedures via extensive simulations. In the process of analyzing the theoretical properties of our procedures, we end up proving some new results in the theory of measure transportation and in the limit theory of permutation statistics using Stein’s method for exchangeable pairs, which may be of independent interest.
title: Data Analysis and Processing in X-ray Diffraction Studies of Scattering From Myosin Heads in Muscle
Creators: name: Prestidge, M. C.
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1991

description: The X-ray diffraction pattern of muscle tissue contains sharp reflections from ordered structures, and a region of diffuse scatter from disordered structures. The sharp reflections have been studied in detail over many years, but the diffuse scatter has received much less attention, apart from the pioneering work of J. Lowy and F. R. Poulsen, reviewed in the book 'Fibrous Protein Structure' edited by J. Squire and P. Vibert (Academic Press, 1987). In this thesis a set of FORTRAN programs were written to analyse diffraction data, with particular emphasis on the diffuse scatter. Film patterns from some synchrotron experiments and from some of J. Lowy and F. R. Poulsen’s archived material were analysed, to study the effects of varying osmolarity and/or sarcomere length on the sharp reflections and the diffuse scatter. Conclusions were drawn about the feasibility of using the diffuse scatter as an indication of changes in myosin subfragment 1 (the head of the myosin molecule), and of retrieving scattering data from the archived material which had been taken largely to observe sharp reflections. It was concluded that although the archived material could give interesting indications about physiological effects, new experiments were needed to confirm these indications, and these new experiments should be designed specifically towards the diffuse scattering data. In the course of this work, I have considered the possibility of using Guinier plots to derive information on head shapes from data on intact muscle, and the precision with which such information can be obtained. I conclude that the Guinier plots do contain information about the myosin heads in intact muscle, but that the accuracy of the information may not be much better than ±10%, and this may not be sufficient to confirm or deny possible conformation changes in the myosin head. However, I do not consider that the work done in this thesis reached the limit of accuracy, and further experiments may be worthwhile.
Mixed Quark-Gluon condensate at finite temperature and density in the global color symmetry model
Creators: name: Zhang, Zhao
name: Zhao, Wei-Qin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mixed quark-gluon condensate is another chiral order parameter in QCD, which plays an important role in the application of QCD sum rules. In this letter, we study the properties of quark-gluon mixed condensate at finite temperature and quark chemical potential in the framework of global color symmetry model. Using an infrared-dominant model gluon two-point function, we find that the behavior of quark-gluon mixed condensate at finite temperature and chemical potential is similar to that of the quark condensate, and both of them give the same information about chiral phase transition. We also find that the ratio of these two condensates is insensitive to the temperature and chemical potential, which supports the conclusion obtained recently by the authors using quenched lattice QCD (They only studied the nature of the mixed quark-gluon condensate at finite temperature).
description: 13 pages, 2 figures
High-Resolution Continuum Imaging at 1.3 and 0.7 cm of the W3 IRS 5 Region
Creators: name: Wilson, T. L.
name: Boboltz, D. A.
name: Gaume, R. A.
name: Megeath, S. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-resolution images of the hypercompact HII regions (HCHII) in W3 IRS 5 taken with the Very Large Array (VLA) at 1.3 and 0.7 cm are presented. Four HCHII regions were detected with sufficient signal-to-noise ratios to allow the determination of relevant parameters such as source position, size and flux density. The sources are slightly extended in our ~0.2 arcsecond beams; the deconvolved radii are less than 240 AU. A comparison of our data with VLA images taken at epoch 1989.1 shows proper motions for sources IRS 5a and IRS 5f. Between 1989.1 and 2002.5, we find a proper motion of 210 mas at a position angle of 12 deg for IRS 5f and a proper motion of 190 mas at a position angle of 50 deg for IRS 5a. At the assumed distance to W3 IRS 5, 1.83 +/- 0.14 kpc, these offsets translate to proper motions of ~135 km/s and ~122 km/s$ respectively. These sources are either shock ionized gas in an outflow or ionized gas ejected from high mass stars. We find no change in the positions of IRS 5d1/d2 and IRS 5b; and we show through a comparison with archival NICMOS 2.2 micron images that these two radio sources coincide with the infrared double constituting W3 IRS 5. These sources contain B or perhaps O stars. The flux densities of the four sources have changed compared to the epoch 1989.1 results. In our epoch 2002.5 data, none of the spectral indicies obtained from flux densities at 1.3 and 0.7 cm are consistent with optically thin free-free emission; IRS 5d1/d2 shows the largest increase in flux density from 1.3 cm to 0.7 cm. This may be an indication of free-free optical depth within an ionized wind, a photoevaporating disk, or an accretion flow. It is less likely that this increase is caused by dust emission at 0.7 cm.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures To be published in The Astrophysical Journal
title: Computed tomography findings of pulmonary sarcoidosis
Creators: name: Cordeiro, Rodrigo
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Inflammation
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Comparative studies
subject: CT-High Resolution
subject: CT
subject: Thorax
subject: Respiratory system
subject: Lung

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Review the role of CT in the diagnosis and monitoring of pulmonary...
Measurement of Spin Polarization by Andreev Reflection in Ferromagnetic In1-xMnxSb Epilayers
Creators: name: Panguluri, R. P.
name: Nadgorny, B.
name: Wojtowicz, T.
name: Lim, W. L.
name: Liu, X.
name: Furdyna, J. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We carried out Point Contact Andreev Reflection (PCAR) spin spectroscopy measurements on epitaxially-grown ferromagnetic In1-xMnxSb epilayers with a Curie temperature of ~9K. The spin sensitivity of PCAR in this material was demonstrated by parallel control studies on its non-magnetic analog, In1-yBeySb. We found the conductance curves of the Sn point contacts with In1-yBeySb to be fairly conventional, with the possible presence of proximity-induced superconductivity effects at the lowest temperatures. The experimental Z-values of interfacial scattering agreed well with the estimates based on the Fermi velocity mismatch between the semiconductor and the superconductor. These measurements provided control data for subsequent PCAR measurements on ferromagnetic In1-xMnxSb, which indicated spin polarization in In1-xMnxSb to be 52 +- 3%.
Molecular Cloning, Tissue Expression and Polymorphism Analysis of Caveolin-3 Gene in Ducks
Creators: name: Yanping Zhang
name: Zhang, Ying
name: Xu, Lu
name: Huijuan Wang
name: Shao, Fang
name: Jianfeng Yu
name: Gilbert, Elizabeth
name: Zhiliang Gu
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: 1. Duck meat is considered a delicacy, but choosing the best meat is problematic. Caveolin-3 (CAV-3) is a muscle-specific protein marker in animals. The goal of the current study was to detect the characteristics of Cav-3 gene in ducks. 2. Full-length Cav-3 was acquired from ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) using reverse transcriptase PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends. DNAMAN software was used for homology comparisons. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism, and sequencing were used to determine Cav-3 expression and polymorphism of a single nucleotide, respectively. The study examined four types of ducks, including Jinding, Chaohu, Cherry Valley, and Gaoyou ducks. 3. The study acquired 1066 bp of Cav-3 cDNA sequences, including a 456 bp complete open reading frame encoding 151 amino acids. Both coding sequences (CDSs) and translated amino acids exhibited highest homology with Gallus gallus (CDS homology 91.67%, amino acids 94.04%), followed by mammalian species (CDS homology 79.0%, amino acids 78.0%). Single nucleotide polymorphism analysis revealed five mutations in exons (A489G, G501A, A557G, T563A, and A602G), and a C805T mutation in an intron. Among amplified polymorphic loci detected using primer 2, allele frequency was higher for A (489A501G507A563T602A) than B (489G501G507G563T602C) or C (489G501A507G563A602C). The highest occurred in Cherry Valley ducks (0.7587). Using primer 4, the M allele frequency was higher than that of the N allele. Cav-3 was most highly expressed in the heart, followed by skeletal muscles. Additionally, Cav-3 had higher expression in heart and breast muscle of overfed Muscovy ducks than control ducks, but no difference was seen in thigh muscle. 4. Cav-3 in ducks was highest homology with Gallus gallus, which inferred it could be used as a marker for muscle quality in ducks.
Effects of the FABP4 gene on steroid hormone secretion in goose ovarian granulosa cells
Creators: name: Ruiming Fan
name: Zhongzan Cao
name: Meiyue Chen
name: Haoyu Wang
name: Liu, Mei
name: Gao, Ming
name: Xinhong Luan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: 1. To investigate the physiological role of FABP4 in the goose ovary, this study determined the effects of overexpressing and siRNA interfering FABP4 on progesterone (P4) and oestradiol (E2) production in granulosa cells. Measurements were made by ELISA, real-time qRT-PCR and western blotting. 2. The concentrations of P4 and E2 in the FABP4 overexpression granulosa cells were increased compared to the control group (P>0.05 for P4; P<0.05 for E2). Likewise, the mRNA and protein expression levels of CYP11A1 and CYP19A1 were significantly higher than control group (P<0.05 or P<0.001). Conversely, the concentrations of P4 and E2 in the FABP4 silencing granulosa cells were significantly decreased compared with the control group (P<0.001). Likewise, the mRNA and protein expression levels of CYP11A1 and CYP19A1 were significantly lower than the control group (P<0.001, or P<0.01). 3. The study indicated that the FABP4 gene may regulate steroid hormone secretion and the expression of the steroidogenic genes in geese ovarian granulosa cells. These results supported the possibility that the FABP4 gene mediates ovarian steroid hormone biosynthesis function and reproduction in geese.
Enterprise Analyses Across Cassava Agribusiness Value Chain in Niger-Delta Region of Nigeria: Implications for Agribusiness, Women and Youth Policies
Creators: name: Coker, Ayodeji Alexander Ajibola
name: Molokwu, Christopher C.
name: Odoemena, Benjamin C.
name: Tuedogheye, Jeremiah G.
name: Elega, Julius O.
name: Coker, Ayodeji Alexander Ajibola
name: Molokwu, Christopher C.
name: Odoemena, Benjamin C.
name: Tuedogheye, Jeremiah G.
name: Elega, Julius O.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Enterprise Analysis
subject: Cassava
subject: Value Chain
subject: Niger Delta
subject: Agribusiness
subject: Recession Women
subject: Youth Policies

description: The issues of youth unemployment, inequality, poverty, economic recession and associated anti- · social activities are critical challenges currently limiting the development of the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. This study therefore assessed the various cassava agribusiness value chain nodes in the Region, with the view to ascertaining their returns on investment and propensity for attracting the pool of unemployed youths and women into agribusiness and uplifting their livelihoods. Evidence from the study suggests that cassava enterprises, particularly processing, is most promising to attract the youths and women into agribusiness, given its high returns on investment. It thus becomes imperative that cassava enterprises be incorporated into on-going and proposed development interventions of the private sector, government and development partners, with a view to actualising the policy objective of women and youth empowerment in the country, and in particular, the Niger Delta Region, as detailed in the Agricultural Promotion Policy and the Economic and Growth Recovery Plan. The study further recommends that the cassava value chain enterprises should be deployed as focal commodities for the proposed agribusiness incubation centres and the agroindustrial parks, with a view to causing entrepreneurs empowerment and national output, while serving as antidote to economic recession.
title: Computed tomography patterns of pulmonary infections
Creators: name: Cordeiro, Rodrigo
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Infection
subject: Cavitation
subject: Abscess
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: CT
subject: Lung

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Review the role of imaging, with an emphasis on CT, in diagnosing pulmonary infections, focusing on the most frequent signs and patterns and underlying...
Policies Modulating Trajectory Generators
Creators: name: Iscen, Atil
name: Caluwaerts, Ken
name: Tan, Jie
name: Zhang, Tingnan
name: Coumans, Erwin
name: Sindhwani, Vikas
name: Vanhoucke, Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose an architecture for learning complex controllable behaviors by having simple Policies Modulate Trajectory Generators (PMTG), a powerful combination that can provide both memory and prior knowledge to the controller. The result is a flexible architecture that is applicable to a class of problems with periodic motion for which one has an insight into the class of trajectories that might lead to a desired behavior. We illustrate the basics of our architecture using a synthetic control problem, then go on to learn speed-controlled locomotion for a quadrupedal robot by using Deep Reinforcement Learning and Evolutionary Strategies. We demonstrate that a simple linear policy, when paired with a parametric Trajectory Generator for quadrupedal gaits, can induce walking behaviors with controllable speed from 4-dimensional IMU observations alone, and can be learned in under 1000 rollouts. We also transfer these policies to a real robot and show locomotion with controllable forward velocity.
Genes controlling polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis are developmentally regulated in broiler chicks
Creators: name: R. Mihelic
name: H. Winter
name: J. B. Powers
name: S. Das
name: K. Lamour
name: S. R. Campagna
name: B. H. Voy
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: 1. The objective of this study was to characterise the regulation of the pathways that synthesise long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on developing adipose deposits in broiler embryos and chicks. Subcutaneous adipose depots were harvested from embryos and embryonic d E13, E15 and E17. Subcutaneous, abdominal and crop (neck) adipose, as well as liver, were collected at 7 and 14 d post-hatch. 2. Targeted RNA sequencing was used to quantify expression of 6 elongation of very long-chain fatty acid (ELOVL) genes, two isoforms of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD and SCD5), and three fatty acid desaturases (FADS1, FADS2, and FADS6) in each depot and in the liver. Expression levels of marker genes for fatty acid oxidation and adipogenesis (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG)) were quantified. Fatty acid composition of subcutaneous adipose was analysed using gas chromatograph–mass spectrometry (GC/MS). 3. Genes in the PUFA synthetic pathway were differentially expressed across developmental ages and between depots. These include elongase and desaturase genes, that have not previously been characterised in chicken. Correlation analyses identified subsets of co-regulated genes and fatty acids and highlighted relationships that may influence adipose metabolism and development. 4. It was concluded that PUFA synthesis is an active and dynamically regulated pathway in developing adipose deposits in the broiler chick. These data highlighted potential novel roles for specific elongase and desaturase genes in adipose deposition and metabolism.
Molecular identification and characterization of a novel chicken leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor A5
Creators: name: Truong, Anh Duc
name: Yeojin Hong
name: Nguyen, Huyen Thi
name: Nguyen, Chinh Thi
name: Chu, Nhu Thi
name: Tran, Ha Thi Thanh
name: Dang, Hoang Vu
name: Lillehoj, Hyun S.
name: Hong, Yeong Ho
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: 1. Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor A5 (LILRA5) is a key molecule that regulates the immune system. However, the LILRA5 gene has not been characterised in avian species, including chickens. The present study aimed to identify and functionally characterise LILRA5 identified from two genetically disparate chicken lines, viz., Marek’s disease (MD)-resistant (R) line 6.3 and MD-susceptible (S) line 7.2. 2. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses confirmed that the identity and similarity homologies of amino acids of LILRA5 in chicken lines 6.3 and 7.2 ranged between 93% and 93.7%, whereas those between chicken and mammals ranged between 20.9% and 43.7% and 21.1% to 43.9%, respectively. The newly cloned LILRA5 from chicken lines 6.3 and 7.2 revealed high conservation and a close relationship with other known mammalian LILRA5 proteins. 3. The results indicated that LILRA5 from chicken lines 6.3 and 7.2 was associated with phosphorylation of Src kinases and protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 11 (SHP2), which play a regulatory role in immune functions. Moreover, the results demonstrated that LILRA5 in these lines was associated with the activation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and β2-microglobulin and induced the expression of the transporter associated with antigen processing. In addition, LILRA5 in both chicken lines activated and induced Janus kinase (JAK)–signal transducer and the activator of transcription (STAT), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 signalling pathways; toll-like receptors; and Th1-, Th2-, and Th17- cytokines. 4. The data suggested that LILRA5 has innate immune receptors essential for macrophage immune response and provide novel insights into the regulation of immunity and immunopathology.
Steady states of a chi-three parametric oscillator with coupled polarisations
Creators: name: Eastham, P. R.
name: Whittaker, D. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Polarisation effects in the microcavity parametric oscillator are studied using a simple model in which two chi-three optical parametric oscillators are coupled together. It is found that there are, in general, a number of steady states of the model under continuous pumping. There are both continuous and discontinuous thresholds, at which new steady-states appear as the driving intensity is increased: at the continuous thresholds, the new state has zero output intensity, whereas at the discontinuous threshold it has a finite output intensity. The discontinuous thresholds have no analog in the uncoupled device. The coupling also generates rotations of the linear polarisation of the output compared with the pump, and shifts in the output frequencies as the driving polarisation or intensity is varied. For large ratios of the interaction between polarisations to the interaction within polarisations, of the order of 5, one of the thresholds has its lowest value when the pump is elliptically polarised. This is consistent with recent experiments in which the maximum output was achieved with an elliptically polarised pump.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
The Complexity of Ising Spin Glasses
Creators: name: Aspelmeier, T.
name: Bray, A. J.
name: Moore, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the complexity (logarithm of the number of TAP states) associated with minima and index-one saddle points of the TAP free energy. Higher-index saddles have smaller complexities. The two leading complexities are equal, consistent with the Morse theorem on the total number of turning points, and have the value given in [A. J. Bray and M. A. Moore, J. Phys. C 13, L469 (1980)]. In the thermodynamic limit, TAP states of all free energies become marginally stable.
description: Typos corrected
A Generalised Sextic Freud Weight
Creators: name: Clarkson, Peter A.
name: Jordaan, Kerstin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We discuss the recurrence coefficients of orthogonal polynomials with respect to a generalised sextic Freud weight \[ω(x;t,λ)=|x|^{2λ+1}\exp\left(-x^6+tx^2\right),\qquad x\in\mathbb{R},\] with parameters $λ>-1$ and $t\in\mathbb{R}$. We show that the coefficients in these recurrence relations can be expressed in terms of Wronskians of generalised hypergeometric functions ${}_1F_2(a_1;b_1,b_2;z)$. We derive a nonlinear discrete as well as a system of differential equations satisfied by the recurrence coefficients and use these to investigate their asymptotic behaviour. We conclude by highlighting a fascinating connection between generalised quartic, sextic, octic and decic Freud weights when expressing their first moments in terms of generalised hypergeometric functions.
description: 18 pages, 3 figures
Impact of the Internet Pedophilia on the Society and the Individual in the Context of the Significance of Budget Support to Prevention
Creators: name: Matijasevic-Obradovic, Jelena
name: Igwatijevic, Svetlana
name: Matijasevic-Obradovic, Jelena
name: Igwatijevic, Svetlana
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Public Economics
subject: Internet pedophilia
subject: budgetary support
subject: prevention

description: Offenses in the field of sexual exploitation of children are very specific crimes which include serious violations of fundamental human rights and freedoms, which as main method use psychological and physical violence, and permanently disturbed harmonious growth and development of personality, because the victims are helpless and therefore easily susceptible to various forms of psychological manipulation. Internet pedophilia has a large negative impact on society and social life. In the context of combating these phenomenon, significant steps are taken at the level of criminal legislation. The primary mode of reaction of society are certainly preventative activities. One of the most important preventive steps is to recognize the importance of participation of a state budget in financing the organization and implementation of various preventive activities. Budgetary resources have great importance in choosing the type and manner of implementation of preventive measures. Issues of child abuse in terms of pornographic content placed on the Internet, is not just a matter of judicial and police authorities, but an issue for each state, regardless of the level of economic development and way of government.