cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Econometric Analysis of Research Papers on the Project of "Turning Vulnerable Farmland into Forests"
Creators: name: Ye, Chong
name: Cai, Shi-Zhen
name: Hu, Ting-Xing
name: Ye, Chong
name: Cai, Shi-Zhen
name: Hu, Ting-Xing
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Turning vulnerable farmland into forests
subject: Research papers
subject: Econometric analysis

description: Taking the Database of Chinese Scientific and Technical Periodicals of Chongqing VIP Information Co.,Ltd. as the statistical analysis source, we analyze the inter-annual trends, the authors institutions, journals distribution, disciplines distribution, paper subjects and authors' cooperation of research papers on the project of "turning vulnerable farmland into forests" in China during the period 1999-2010, using the bibliometric method. The results show that during the period 1999-2010, the research on the project of "turning vulnerable farmland into forests" always captured the attention of academia, and the number of research papers annually averaged more than 300; the relevant forestry functional departments at all levels, forestry-related research institutions and universities have paid close attention to the project of "turning vulnerable farmland into forests" in China; the group of core journals researched is concentrated in journals concerning forestry; in addition to forestry and agriculture, the research areas also touch upon economics, environment and other disciplines; the emphasis and hot spot of research are centered on applications, with few basic researches.
Additional file 6 of Dose–response relationship between physical activity and mortality in adults with noncommunicable diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies
Creators: name: Geidl, Wolfgang
name: Schlesinger, Sabrina
name: Mino, Eriselda
name: Miranda, Lorena
name: Pfeifer, Klaus
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 6. Funnel Plots.
A classification of supersymmetric Kaluza-Klein black holes with a single axial symmetry
Creators: name: Katona, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the recent classification of five-dimensional, supersymmetric asymptotically flat black holes with only a single axial symmetry to black holes with Kaluza-Klein asymptotics. This includes a similar class of solutions for which the supersymmetric Killing field is generically timelike, and the corresponding base (orbit space of the supersymmetric Killing field) is of multi-centred Gibbons-Hawking type. These solutions are determined by four harmonic functions on $\mathbb{R}^3$ with simple poles at the centres corresponding to connected components of the horizon, and fixed points of the axial symmetry. The allowed horizon topologies are $S^3$, $S^2\times S^1$, and lens space $L(p, 1)$, and the domain of outer communication may have non-trivial topology with non-contractible 2-cycles. The classification also reveals a novel class of supersymmetric (multi-)black rings for which the supersymmetric Killing field is globally null. These solutions are determined by two harmonic functions on $\mathbb{R}^3$ with simple poles at centres corresponding to horizon components. We determine the subclass of Kaluza-Klein black holes that can be dimensionally reduced to obtain smooth, supersymmetric, four-dimensional multi-black holes. This gives a classification of four-dimensional asymptotically flat supersymmetric multi-black holes first described by Denef et al.
description: v2: 54 pages; accepted version. Remarks and references added, typos corrected, results unchanged
Distillation of Entanglement between Distant Systems by Repeated Measurements on Entanglement Mediator
Creators: name: Compagno, G.
name: Messina, A.
name: Nakazato, H.
name: Napoli, A.
name: Unoki, M.
name: Yuasa, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A recently proposed purification method, in which the Zeno-like measurements of a subsystem can bring about a distillation of another subsystem in interaction with the former, is utilized to yield entangled states between distant systems. It is shown that the measurements of a two-level system locally interacting with other two spatially separated not coupled subsystems, can distill entangled states from the latter irrespectively of the initial states of the two subsystems.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures; the version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. A
Additional file 7 of Dose–response relationship between physical activity and mortality in adults with noncommunicable diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies
Creators: name: Geidl, Wolfgang
name: Schlesinger, Sabrina
name: Mino, Eriselda
name: Miranda, Lorena
name: Pfeifer, Klaus
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 7. Subgroup Meta-Analysis.
A close look at the state transitions of Galactic black hole transients during outburst decay
Creators: name: Kalemci, E.
name: Tomsick, J. A.
name: Rothschild, R. E.
name: Pottschmidt, K.
name: Kaaret, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We characterize the evolution of spectral and temporal properties of several Galactic black hole transients during outburst decay using the data from well sampled PCA/\rxte observations close to the transition to the low/hard state. We find several global patterns of evolution for spectral and temporal parameters before, during, and after the transition. We show that the changes in temporal properties (sudden increase or decrease in the rms amplitude of variability) are much sharper than the changes in the spectral properties, and it is much easier to identify a state transition with the temporal properties. The spectral index shows a drop 3-5 days before the transition for some of our sources. The ratio of the power-law flux to the total flux in the 3-25 keV band increases close to the transition, which may mean that the system must be dominated by the coronal emission for the transition to occur. We also show that the power-law flux shows a sharp change along with the temporal properties during the transitions which may indicate a threshold transition volume for the corona. The evolution of the spectral and temporal properties after the transition is consistent with the idea that the inner accretion disk moves away from the black hole. Based on the evolution of spectral and temporal parameters and changes during the transitions, we discuss possible scenarios of how the transition is happening.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures, APJ in reviewing process, revised version
Supersymmetric Yang-Mills, Spherical Branes, and Precision Holography
Creators: name: Bobev, Nikolay
name: Bomans, Pieter
name: Gautason, Fridrik Freyr
name: Minahan, Joseph A.
name: Nedelin, Anton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using supersymmetric localization we compute the free energy and BPS Wilson loop vacuum expectation values for planar maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory on $S^d$ in the strong coupling limit for $2\leq d<6$. The same calculation can also be performed in supergravity using the recently found spherical brane solutions. We find excellent agreement between the two sets of results. This constitutes a non-trivial precision test of holography in a non-conformal setting. The free energy of maximal SYM on $S^6$ diverges in the strong coupling limit which might signify the onset of little string theory. We show how this divergence can be regularized both in QFT and in supergravity. We also consider $d=7$ with a small negative 't Hooft coupling and show that the free energy and Wilson loop vacuum expectation value agree with the results from supergravity after addressing some subtleties.
description: 58 pages
Additional file 2 of Barriers to integrating routine depression screening into community low vision rehabilitation services: a mixed methods study
Creators: name: Nollett, Claire
name: Bartlett, Rebecca
name: Man, Ryan
name: Pickles, Timothy
name: Ryan, Barbara
name: Acton, Jennifer H.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2: Responses to ‘Perceived barriers’ Scale. Supplementary Figure 2. Indicates the responses to the ‘Perceived barrier’ scale at pre-training and 6 months post-training.
From galactic nuclei to the halo outskirts: tracing supermassive black holes across cosmic history and environments
Creators: name: Izquierdo-Villalba, David
name: Bonoli, Silvia
name: Dotti, Massimo
name: Sesana, Alberto
name: Rosas-Guevara, Yetli
name: Spinoso, Daniele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the mass assembly and spin evolution of supermassive black holes (BHs) across cosmic time as well as the impact of gravitational recoil on the population of nuclear and wandering black holes (wBHs) by using the semi-analytical model LGalaxies run on top of Millennium merger trees. We track spin changes that BHs experience during both coalescence events and gas accretion phases. For the latter, we assume that spin changes are coupled with the bulge assembly. This assumption leads to predictions for the median spin values of z=0 BHs that depend on whether they are hosted by pseudobulges, classical bulges or ellipticals, being a ~ 0.9, 0.7 and 0.4, respectively. The outcomes of the model display a good consistency with z<4 quasar luminosity functions and the z=0 BH mass function, spin values and black hole-bulge mass correlation. Regarding the wBHs, we assume that they can originate from both the disruption of satellite galaxies (orphan wBH) and ejections due to gravitational recoils (ejected wBH). The model points to a number density of wBHs that increases with decreasing redshift, although this population is always ~2 dex smaller than the one of nuclear black holes. At all redshifts, wBHs are typically hosted in M_{halo}>10^{13} M_{\odot} and M_{stellar}>10^{10} M_{\odot}, being orphan wBHs the dominant type. Besides, independently of redshift and halo mass, \textit{ejected} wBHs inhabit the central regions (<0.3R_{200}) of the host DM halo, while orphan wBHs linger at larger scales (>0.5R_{200}). Finally, we find that gravitational recoils cause a progressive depletion of nuclear BHs with decreasing redshift and stellar mass. Moreover, ejection events lead to changes in the predicted local black hole-bulge relation, in particular for BHs in pseudobulges, for which the relation is flattened at M_{bulge}>10^{10.2} M{\odot} and the scatter increase up to ~3dex.
description: 30 pages, 17 figures, accepted by MNRAS
Imbalance and Correction of the Rural Credit Cooperatives and Rural Economic Relations
Creators: name: Cui, Qing-Wu
name: Cui, Qing-Wu
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: The rural credit cooperatives
subject: Rural economy
subject: Imbalance
subject: Coordination

description: This article expounds the manifestations of imbalance between the rural credit cooperatives and rural economic relations: the rural credit cooperatives fail to effectively promote economic development in rural areas; the rural economy is also incapable of effectively promoting the development of the rural credit cooperatives. It analyses the reasons for imbalance between the rural credit cooperatives and rural economic relations, including the direct reason (loss of function of the rural credit cooperatives), the fundamental reason (restricted economic development of agriculture and countryside and relative pauperization of farmers), and the deep-seated reason (sluggish rural economic development). Corresponding countermeasures and proposals are put forward for promoting balanced development of the rural credit cooperatives and rural economy as follows: first, deepen reform of the rural credit cooperatives, strengthen the function of the rural credit cooperatives in serving the needs of agriculture; second, speed up economic development in rural areas, eliminate the economic constraints for the development of the rural credit cooperatives; third, transform the development pattern and the development strategies, foster the macro-institutional environment for balanced development of rural credit cooperatives and rural economy.
Strong excess Faraday rotation on the Inside of the Sagittarius spiral arm
Creators: name: Shanahan, R.
name: Lemmer, S. J.
name: Stil, J. M.
name: Beuther, H.
name: Wang, Y.
name: Soler, J.
name: Anderson, L. D.
name: Bigiel, F.
name: Glover, S. C. O.
name: Goldsmith, P.
name: Klessen, R. S.
name: McClure-Griffiths, N. M.
name: Reissl, S.
name: Rugel, M.
name: Smith, R. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present first results for Faraday rotation of compact polarized sources (1 to 2 GHz continuum) in The HI/OH/Recombination line (THOR) survey of the inner Galaxy. In the Galactic longitude range 39 degr < l < 52 degr, we find rotation measures in the range -310 rad/m2 < RM < +4219 rad/m2, with the highest values concentrated within a degree of l = 48 degrees at the Sagittarius arm tangent. Most of the high RMs arise in diffuse plasma, along lines of sight that do not intersect HII regions. For l > 49 degr, RM drops off rapidly, while at l < 47 degr, the mean RM is higher with a larger standard deviation than at l > 49 degr. We attribute the RM structure to the compressed diffuse Warm Ionized Medium in the spiral arm, upstream of the major star formation regions. The Sagittarius arm acts as a significant Faraday screen inside the Galaxy. This has implications for models of the Galactic magnetic field and the expected amount of Faraday rotation of Fast Radio Bursts from their host galaxies. We emphasize the importance of sensitivity to high Faraday depth in future polarization surveys.
description: Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal Letters
Edge reconstruction in the fractional quantum Hall regime
Creators: name: Wan, Xin
name: Rezayi, E. H.
name: Yang, Kun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interplay of electron-electron interaction and confining potential can lead to the reconstruction of fractional quantum Hall edges. We have performed exact diagonalization studies on microscopic models of fractional quantum Hall liquids, in finite size systems with disk geometry, and found numerical evidence of edge reconstruction under rather general conditions. In the present work we have taken into account effects like layer thickness and Landau level mixing, which are found to be of quantitative importance in edge physics. Due to edge reconstruction, additional nonchiral edge modes arise for both incompressible and compressible states. These additional modes couple to electromagnetic fields and thus can be detected in microwave conductivity measurements. They are also expected to affect the exponent of electron Green's function, which has been measured in tunneling experiments. We have studied in this work the electric dipole spectral function that is directly related to the microwave conductivity measurement. Our results are consistent with the enhanced microwave conductivity observed in experiments performed on samples with an array of antidots at low temperatures, and its suppression at higher temperatures. We also discuss the effects of the edge reconstruction on the single electron spectral function at the edge.
description: 19 pages, 12 figures
Fairness-aware Federated Minimax Optimization with Convergence Guarantee
Creators: name: Dunda, Gerry Windiarto Mohamad
name: Song, Shenghui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Federated learning (FL) has garnered considerable attention due to its privacy-preserving feature. Nonetheless, the lack of freedom in managing user data can lead to group fairness issues, where models are biased towards sensitive factors such as race or gender. To tackle this issue, this paper proposes a novel algorithm, fair federated averaging with augmented Lagrangian method (FFALM), designed explicitly to address group fairness issues in FL. Specifically, we impose a fairness constraint on the training objective and solve the minimax reformulation of the constrained optimization problem. Then, we derive the theoretical upper bound for the convergence rate of FFALM. The effectiveness of FFALM in improving fairness is shown empirically on CelebA and UTKFace datasets in the presence of severe statistical heterogeneity.
Munidopsis gladiola Macpherson 2007
Creators: name: Baba, Keiji
name: Macpherson, Enrique
name: Poore, Gary C. B.
name: Ahyong, Shane T.
name: Bermudez, Adriana
name: Cabezas, Patricia
name: Lin, Chia-Wei
name: Nizinski, Martha
name: Rodrigues, Celso
name: Schnabel, Kareen E.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Galatheidae
Munidopsis
Munidopsis gladiola

description: Munidopsis gladiola Macpherson, 2007
 Munidopsis gladiola Macpherson, 2007: 68, fig. 32 (SE Atlantic, SW Indian Ocean, 2608–3590 m).
Type data: holotype, ovigerous female, MNHN Ga 1595.
Type locality: SE Atlantic, 32º18.2´S, 13º15.9´E, 3590 m.
description: Published as part of Baba, Keiji, Macpherson, Enrique, Poore, Gary C. B., Ahyong, Shane T., Bermudez, Adriana, Cabezas, Patricia, Lin, Chia-Wei, Nizinski, Martha, Rodrigues, Celso & Schnabel, Kareen E., 2008, Catalogue of squat lobsters of the world (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura-families Chirostylidae, Galatheidae and Kiwaidae), pp. 1-220 in Zootaxa 1905 (1) on page 142, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1905.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5134587
Emergence of Haldane pseudo-potentials in systems with short-range interactions
Creators: name: Seiringer, Robert
name: Yngvason, Jakob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the setting of the fractional quantum Hall effect we study the effects of strong, repulsive two-body interaction potentials of short range. We prove that Haldane's pseudo-potential operators, including their pre-factors, emerge as mathematically rigorous limits of such interactions when the range of the potential tends to zero while its strength tends to infinity. In a common approach the interaction potential is expanded in angular momentum eigenstates in the lowest Landau level, which amounts to taking the pre-factors to be the moments of the potential. Such a procedure is not appropriate for very strong interactions, however, in particular not in the case of hard spheres. We derive the formulas valid in the short-range case, which involve the scattering lengths of the interaction potential in different angular momentum channels rather than its moments. Our results hold for bosons and fermions alike and generalize previous results in \cite{LS}, which apply to bosons in the lowest angular momentum channel. Our main theorem asserts the convergence in a norm-resolvent sense of the Hamiltonian on the whole Hilbert space, after appropriate energy scalings, to Hamiltonians with contact interactions in the lowest Landau level.
description: LaTeX, 18 pages. Corrections and additions to the text; to appear in J. Stat. Phys
South Africa's strategic imperative to domesticate her Malabo commitments
Creators: name: Mdleleni, B.
name: Hendriks, S.
name: Makhura, M.
name: Makabanyane, I.
name: Seleka, K.
name: Phahlane, H.
name: Zibele, M.
name: Mofolo, K.
name: Makgoka, L.
name: Gininda, P.
name: Mathio, I.
name: Jafta, A.
name: Ramonyai, D.
name: Peter-Dukuza, F.
name: Lathane, M.
name: Lubbe, P.
name: Mdleleni, B.
name: Hendriks, S.
name: Makhura, M.
name: Makabanyane, I.
name: Seleka, K.
name: Phahlane, H.
name: Zibele, M.
name: Mofolo, K.
name: Makgoka, L.
name: Gininda, P.
name: Mathio, I.
name: Jafta, A.
name: Ramonyai, D.
name: Peter-Dukuza, F.
name: Lathane, M.
name: Lubbe, P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: Despite commitment to the 2003 Maputo Declaration, South Africa has not yet formally launched a domestication process for the Comprehensive Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) Maputo and Malabo Declarations, even though the National Development Plan and Medium Term Strategic Framework generally align with the continental growth agenda; and notwithstanding the country conducting an innovative, unique and inclusive consultation across the country between 2013 and 2015. A decision to submit a Biennial Review (BR) report on how the country stacks up against the Malabo commitments represents a bold step towards engagement and alignment. This paper presents the outcomes of the 2017 BR and seeks to identify where country's national policy framework and targets align with Malabo to support the process of domesticating CAADP. The discussion will assist South Africa and other countries in aligning a set of priority programmes and policies to facilitate faster progress towards attaining development targets. Keywords: CAADP, Malabo Declaration, South Africa, agricultural growth, food security
The impact of planet wakes on the location and shape of the water iceline in a protoplanetary disk
Creators: name: Ziampras, Alexandros
name: Ataiee, Sareh
name: Kley, Wilhelm
name: Dullemond, Cornelis P.
name: Baruteau, Clément
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context: Planets in accretion disks can excite spiral shocks, and---if massive enough---open gaps in their vicinity. Both of these effects can influence the overall disk thermal structure. Aims: We model planets of different masses and semimajor axes in disks of various viscosities and accretion rates to examine their impact on disk thermodynamics and highlight the mutable, non-axisymmetric nature of icelines in systems with massive planets. Methods: We conduct a parameter study using numerical hydrodynamics simulations where we treat viscous heating, thermal cooling and stellar irradiation as additional source terms in the energy equation, with some runs including radiative diffusion. Our parameter space consists of a grid containing different combinations of planet and disk parameters. Results: Both gap opening and shock heating can displace the iceline, with the effects being amplified for massive planets in optically thick disks. The gap region can split an initially hot (T>170 K) disk into a hot inner disk and a hot ring just outside of the planet's location, while shock heating can reshape the originally axisymmetric iceline into water-poor islands along spirals. We also find that radiative diffusion does not alter the picture significantly in this context. Conclusions: Shock heating and gap opening by a planet can effectively heat up optically thick disks and in general move and/or reshape the water iceline. This can affect the gap structure and migration torques. It can also produce azimuthal features that follow the trajectory of spiral arms, creating hot zones, "islands" of vapor and ice around spirals which could affect the accretion or growth of icy aggregates.
description: Accepted by Astronomy and Astrophysics (A&A). 15 pages, 15 figures, 2 tables
Discovery of a long-ranged charge order with 1/4 Ge1-dimerization in an antiferromagnetic Kagome metal
Creators: name: Chen, Ziyuan
name: Wu, Xueliang
name: Zhou, Shiming
name: Zhang, Jiakang
name: Yin, Ruotong
name: Li, Yuanji
name: Li, Mingzhe
name: Gong, Jiashuo
name: He, Mingquan
name: Chai, Yisheng
name: Zhou, Xiaoyuan
name: Wang, Yilin
name: Wang, Aifeng
name: Yan, Ya-Jun
name: Feng, Dong-Lai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exotic quantum states arise from the interplay of various degrees of freedom such as charge, spin, orbital, and lattice. Recently, a novel short-ranged charge order (CO) was discovered deep inside the antiferromagnetic phase of Kagome magnet FeGe, exhibiting close relationships with magnetism. Despite extensive investigations, the CO mechanism remains controversial, mainly because the short-ranged behavior hinders precise identification of CO superstructure. Here, combining multiple experimental techniques, we report the observation of a long-ranged CO in high-quality FeGe samples, which is accompanied with a first-order structural transition. With these high-quality samples, the distorted 2 * 2 * 2 CO superstructure is characterized by a strong dimerization along the c-axis of 1/4 of Ge1-sites in Fe3Ge layers, and in response to that, the 2 * 2 in-plane charge modulations are induced. Moreover, we show that the previously reported short-ranged CO might be related to large occupational disorders at Ge1-site, which upsets the equilibrium of the CO state and the ideal 1 * 1 * 1 structure with very close energies, inducing nanoscale coexistence of these two phases.Our study provides crucial clues for further understanding the CO properties in FeGe and helps to identify the CO mechanism.
description: 16 pages,5 figures
Entropy of Horizons, Complex Paths and Quantum Tunneling
Creators: name: Padmanabhan, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In any spacetime, it is possible to have a family of observers following a congruence of timelike curves such that they do not have access to part of the spacetime. This lack of information suggests associating a (congruence dependent) notion of entropy with the horizon that blocks the information from these observers. While the blockage of information is absolute in classical physics, quantum mechanics will allow tunneling across the horizon. This process can be analysed in a simple, yet general, manner and we show that the probability for a system with energy $E$ to tunnel across the horizon is $P(E)\propto\exp[-(2π/κ)E)$ where $κ$ is the surface gravity of the horizon. If the surface gravity changes due to the leakage of energy through the horizon, then one can associate an entropy $S(M)$ with the horizon where $dS = [ 2π/ κ(M) ] dM$ and $M$ is the active gravitational mass of the system. Using this result, we discuss the conditions under which, a small patch of area $ΔA$ of the horizon contributes an entropy $(ΔA/4L_P^2)$, where $L_P^2$ is the Planck area.
description: published version
Additional file 1 of Vitrification for cryopreservation of 2D and 3D stem cells culture using high concentration of cryoprotective agents
Creators: name: Jeong, Young-Hoon
name: Ukjin Kim
name: Seul-Gi Lee
name: Bokyeong Ryu
name: Kim, Jin
name: Artyuhov Igor
name: Kim, Jong Soo
name: Cho-Rok Jung
name: Jae-Hak Park
name: Kim, C-Yoon
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Fig. 1. Cellular characteristics after re-warming compared with vitrification and slow-freezing method using various cell lines. (A) Morphology and (B) viability of MSCs after warming either vitrified or non-vitrified groups using trypan blue staining. (C) The DNA fragmentation of each cell line by TUNEL assay (blue: cell, red: DNA strand breaks) and (D) the measurement of intracellular reactive oxygen species levels (green: unfrozen control). Supplementary Fig. 2. Survivability and various gene expression of rewarmed spheroids using hepaRG cell line. (A) Viability of the largest size of spheroids after rewarming via live-dead staining. (B) Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis for apoptosis, oxidative stress and heat shock damage after rewarming. (n ≥ 3). *p
Regularity properties, representation of solutions and spectral asymptotics of systems with multiplicities
Creators: name: Kamotski, Ilia
name: Ruzhansky, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35S30, 35L45, 35L30, 35C20, 58J40

description: Properties of solutions of generic hyperbolic systems with multiple characteristics with diagonalizable principal part are investigated. Solutions are represented as a Picard series with terms in the form of iterated Fourier integral operators. It is shown that this series is an asymptotic expansion with respect to smoothness under quite general geometric conditions. Propagation of singularities and sharp regularity properties of solutions are obtained. Results are applied to establish regularity estimates for scalar weakly hyperbolic equations with involutive characteristics. They are also applied to derive the first and second terms of spectral asymptotics for the corresponding elliptic systems.
Dark Energy from Mass Varying Neutrinos
Creators: name: Fardon, Rob
name: Nelson, Ann E.
name: Weiner, Neal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that mass varying neutrinos (MaVaNs) can behave as a negative pressure fluid which could be the origin of the cosmic acceleration. We derive a model independent relation between the neutrino mass and the equation of state parameter of the neutrino dark energy, which is applicable for general theories of mass varying particles. The neutrino mass depends on the local neutrino density and the observed neutrino mass can exceed the cosmological bound on a constant neutrino mass. We discuss microscopic realizations of the MaVaN acceleration scenario, which involve a sterile neutrino. We consider naturalness constraints for mass varying particles, and find that both ev cutoffs and ev mass particles are needed to avoid fine-tuning. These considerations give a (current) mass of order an eV for the sterile neutrino in microscopic realizations, which could be detectable at MiniBooNE. Because the sterile neutrino was much heavier at earlier times, constraints from big bang nucleosynthesis on additional states are not problematic. We consider regions of high neutrino density and find that the most likely place today to find neutrino masses which are significantly different from the neutrino masses in our solar system is in a supernova. The possibility of different neutrino mass in different regions of the galaxy and the local group could be significant for Z-burst models of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. We also consider the cosmology of and the constraints on the ``acceleron'', the scalar field which is responsible for the varying neutrino mass, and briefly discuss neutrino density dependent variations in other constants, such as the fine structure constant.
description: 26 pages, 3 figures, refs added, typos corrected, comment added about possible matter effects
Asset Ownership and Income as Drivers of Household Poverty in South Africa
Creators: name: Babalola, M.
name: Oluwatayo, I.
name: Babalola, M.
name: Oluwatayo, I.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty

description: The study was carried out to examine asset ownership and income as determinants of household poverty in South Africa. The specific objectives were to determine the poverty levels of the households and also investigate the influence of asset ownership and income on household poverty in South Africa. The results showed that assets owned by households included real estate assets, business assets, vehicle assets, financial assets, superannuation assets, livestock assets and possession. Two-thirds of the mean-per-capita household expenditure was used as the benchmark to estimate the poverty line, so that the poverty levels of the households could be determined. The results showed that 59.49% of South African households experience poverty, particularly in Kwazulu-Natal, Eastern Cape and Limpopo provinces. The results of the logistic regression revealed that asset ownership and income had a positive influence on household poverty level. The Western Cape, Northern Cape, Free State, and Gauteng provinces showed high odds for improving poverty level, while Kwazulu-Natal province showed odds of increasing poverty. It was recommended that policies should focus on income redistribution through employment generation, which will lead to enhanced income. This can, in turn, be used to acquire assets, especially in the most affected provinces like Kwazulu-Natal, Eastern Cape and Limpopo province. Keywords: Asset ownership, Income, Household, Poverty, South Africa
Long-range correlations and nonstationarity in the Brazilian stock market
Creators: name: Costa, R. L.
name: Vasconcelos, G. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We report an empirical study of the Ibovespa index of the Sao Paulo Stock Exchange in which we detect the existence of long-range correlations. To analyze our data we introduce a rescaled variant of the usual Detrended Fluctuation Analysis that allows us to obtain the Hurst exponent through a one-parameter fitting. We also compute a time-dependent Hurst exponent H(t) using three-year moving time windows. In particular, we find that before the launch of the Collor Plan in 1990 the curve H(t) remains, in general, well above 1/2, while afterwards it stays close to 1/2. We thus argue that the structural reforms set off by the Collor Plan has lead to a more efficient stock market in Brazil. We also suggest that the time dependence of the Ibovespa Hurst exponent could be described in terms of a multifractional Brownian motion.
description: 19 pages with 11 figures, submitted to Physica A
Magnetic and electronic phase transitions probed by nanomechanical resonance
Creators: name: Šiškins, Makars
name: Lee, Martin
name: Mañas-Valero, Samuel
name: Coronado, Eugenio
name: Blanter, Yaroslav M.
name: van der Zant, Herre S. J.
name: Steeneken, Peter G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-dimensional (2D) materials enable new types of magnetic and electronic phases mediated by their reduced dimensionality like magic-angle induced phase transitions, 2D Ising antiferromagnets and ferromagnetism in 2D atomic layers and heterostructures. However, only a few methods are available to study these phase transitions, which for example is particularly challenging for antiferromagnetic materials. Here, we demonstrate that these phases can be probed by the mechanical motion: the temperature dependent resonance frequency and quality factor of multilayer 2D material membranes show clear anomalies near the phase transition temperature, which are correlated to anomalies in the specific heat of the materials. The observed coupling of mechanical degrees of freedom to magnetic and electronic order is attributed to thermodynamic relations that are not restricted to van der Waals materials. Nanomechanical resonators, therefore, offer the potential to characterize phase transitions in a wide variety of materials, including those that are antiferromagnetic, insulating or so thin that conventional bulk characterization methods become unsuitable.
State spaces of JB*-triples
Creators: name: Neal, Matthew
name: Russo, Bernard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17C65; 46L07

description: An atomic decomposition is proved for Banach spaces which satisfy some affine geometric axioms compatible with notions from the quantum mechanical measuring process. This is then applied to yield, under appropriate assumptions, geometric characterizations, up to isometry, of the unit ball of the dual space of a JB*-triple, and up to complete isometry, of one-sided ideals in C*-algebras.
description: 28 pages
Additional file 1 of Synergistic stimulation of osteoblast differentiation of rat mesenchymal stem cells by leptin and 25(OH)D3 is mediated by inhibition of chaperone-mediated autophagy
Creators: name: He, Qiting
name: Qin, Ruixi
name: Glowacki, Julie
name: Zhou, Shuanhu
name: Shi, Jie
name: Wang, Shaoyi
name: Gao, Yuan
name: Cheng, Lei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Hematology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Identification of rBMMSCs and morphological and microstructure changes during osteoblast differentiation. a Morphology of BMMSCs at P3 under the inverted microscopy (scale bar = 1000 μm). b Flow cytometry analysis of surface markers (CD29, CD90, CD44, CD45) of BMMSCs. c The morphological changes of rBMMSCs during osteoblast differentiation at day 10 under the inverted microscopy (scale bar = 200 μm). d The microstructure changes of rBMMSCs during osteoblast differentiation at day 10 under the transmission electron microscope (scale bar = 2 μm)
On Competitive Analysis for Polling Systems
Creators: name: Xu, Jin
name: Gautam, Natarajan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Polling systems have been widely studied, however most of these studies focus on polling systems with renewal processes for arrivals and random variables for service times. There is a need driven by practical applications to study polling systems with arbitrary arrivals (not restricted to time-varying or in batches) and revealed service time upon a job's arrival. To address that need, our work considers a polling system with generic setting and for the first time provides the worst-case analysis for online scheduling policies in this system. We provide conditions for the existence of constant competitive ratios, and competitive lower bounds for general scheduling policies in polling systems. Our work also bridges the queueing and scheduling communities by proving the competitive ratios for several well-studied policies in the queueing literature, such as cyclic policies with exhaustive, gated or l-limited service disciplines for polling systems.
An Empirical Study of the Non-determinism of ChatGPT in Code Generation
Creators: name: Ouyang, Shuyin
name: Zhang, Jie M.
name: Harman, Mark
name: Wang, Meng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: There has been a recent explosion of research on Large Language Models (LLMs) for software engineering tasks, in particular code generation. However, results from LLMs can be highly unstable; nondeterministically returning very different codes for the same prompt. Non-determinism is a potential menace to scientific conclusion validity. When non-determinism is high, scientific conclusions simply cannot be relied upon unless researchers change their behaviour to control for it in their empirical analyses. This paper conducts an empirical study to demonstrate that non-determinism is, indeed, high, thereby underlining the need for this behavioural change. We choose to study ChatGPT because it is already highly prevalent in the code generation research literature. We report results from a study of 829 code generation problems from three code generation benchmarks (i.e., CodeContests, APPS, and HumanEval). Our results reveal high degrees of non-determinism: the ratio of coding tasks with zero equal test output across different requests is 75.76%, 51.00%, and 47.56% for CodeContests, APPS, and HumanEval, respectively. In addition, we find that setting the temperature to 0 does not guarantee determinism in code generation, although it indeed brings less non-determinism than the default configuration (temperature=1). These results confirm that there is, currently, a significant threat to scientific conclusion validity. In order to put LLM-based research on firmer scientific foundations, researchers need to take into account non-determinism in drawing their conclusions.
Munidopsis hirsutissima Balss 1913
Creators: name: Baba, Keiji
name: Macpherson, Enrique
name: Poore, Gary C. B.
name: Ahyong, Shane T.
name: Bermudez, Adriana
name: Cabezas, Patricia
name: Lin, Chia-Wei
name: Nizinski, Martha
name: Rodrigues, Celso
name: Schnabel, Kareen E.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Galatheidae
Munidopsis
Munidopsis hirsutissima

description: Munidopsis hirsutissima Balss, 1913
 Munidopsis hirsutissima Balss, 1913a: 223 (W of Sumatra, 1280 m). — Baba, 2005: 289 (key, synonymies). — Macpherson, 2007: 70 (Solomon Islands, Fiji, 495–1203 m). — Osawa et al., 2008: 47, fig. 5B (Taiwan, 687–712 m).
 Munidopsis (Munidopsis) hirsutissima. — Doflein & Balss, 1913: 150, pl. 15, fig. 2 (W of Sumatra, 1280 m).
Type data: holotype, female, ZMB 17498.
Type locality: W of Sumatra, 1280 m.
description: Published as part of Baba, Keiji, Macpherson, Enrique, Poore, Gary C. B., Ahyong, Shane T., Bermudez, Adriana, Cabezas, Patricia, Lin, Chia-Wei, Nizinski, Martha, Rodrigues, Celso & Schnabel, Kareen E., 2008, Catalogue of squat lobsters of the world (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura-families Chirostylidae, Galatheidae and Kiwaidae), pp. 1-220 in Zootaxa 1905 (1) on page 144, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1905.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5134587
title: Who is Dr. Frankenstein? Or, what Professor Hayek and his friends have done to science
Creators: name: Lazebnik, Yuri
Publisher: name: Organisms. Journal of Biological Sciences
Year: 2018

description: This commentary suggests that the ongoing malaise of biomedical research results from adopting a doctrine that is incompatible
with the principles of creative scientific discovery and thus should be treated as a mental rather than somatic disorder. I overview
the progression of the malaise, outline the doctrine and the history of its marriage to science, formulate the diagnosis, justify it by
reviewing the symptoms of the malaise, and suggest how to begin to cure the disease.
description: Organisms. Journal of Biological Sciences, Ahead of Printing - October 2018
MiSTree: a Python package for constructing and analysing Minimum Spanning Trees
Creators: name: Naidoo, Krishna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The minimum spanning tree (MST), a graph constructed from a distribution of points, draws lines between pairs of points so that all points are linked in a single skeletal structure that contains no loops and has minimal total edge length. The MST has been used in a broad range of scientific fields such as particle physics (to distinguish classes of events in collider collisions), in astronomy (to detect mass segregation in star clusters) and cosmology (to search for filaments in the cosmic web). Its success in these fields has been driven by its sensitivity to the spatial distribution of points and the patterns within. MiSTree, a public Python package, allows a user to construct the MST in a variety of coordinates systems, including Celestial coordinates used in astronomy. The package enables the MST to be constructed quickly by initially using a k-nearest neighbour graph (kNN, rather than a matrix of pairwise distances) which is then fed to Kruskal's algorithm to construct the MST. MiSTree enables a user to measure the statistics of the MST and provides classes for binning the MST statistics (into histograms) and plotting the distributions. Applying the MST will enable the inclusion of high-order statistics information from the cosmic web which can provide additional information to improve cosmological parameter constraints. This information has not been fully exploited due to the computational cost of calculating N-point statistics. MiSTree was designed to be used in cosmology but could be used in any field which requires extracting non-Gaussian information from point distributions. The source code for MiSTree is available on GitHub at https://github.com/knaidoo29/mistree
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, Published in the Journal of Open Source Software
Pattern Reification as the Basis for Description-Driven Systems
Creators: name: Estrella, Florida
name: Kovacs, Zsolt
name: Goff, Jean-Marie Le
name: McClatchey, Richard
name: Solomonides, Tony
name: Toth, Norbert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H2.4,J.3

description: One of the main factors driving object-oriented software development for information systems is the requirement for systems to be tolerant to change. To address this issue in designing systems, this paper proposes a pattern-based, object-oriented, description-driven system (DDS) architecture as an extension to the standard UML four-layer meta-model. A DDS architecture is proposed in which aspects of both static and dynamic systems behavior can be captured via descriptive models and meta-models. The proposed architecture embodies four main elements - firstly, the adoption of a multi-layered meta-modeling architecture and reflective meta-level architecture, secondly the identification of four data modeling relationships that can be made explicit such that they can be modified dynamically, thirdly the identification of five design patterns which have emerged from practice and have proved essential in providing reusable building blocks for data management, and fourthly the encoding of the structural properties of the five design patterns by means of one fundamental pattern, the Graph pattern. A practical example of this philosophy, the CRISTAL project, is used to demonstrate the use of description-driven data objects to handle system evolution.
description: 20 pages, 10 figures