cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Laser light interaction and their influence on DNA and cell under in vitro conditions
Creators: name: Mussttaf, Ruwaidah Abdulameer
Publisher: name: University of Plymouth
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: LLLT
subject: Cell
subject: DNA
subject: PhD

description: Photo-stimulatory effect of LLLT on the proliferation rate of human monocytic leukaemia cells has been published in IET nanotechnology 2017.
description: Full version: Access restricted permanently due to 3rd party copyright restrictions. Restriction set on 25.07.2018 by SE, Doctoral College
description: Laser photobiomodulation (PBM) or low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is a form of phototherapy recognized worldwide for its expansive use in medicine. PBM/LLLT has the ability to enhance enzymatic activity and mitochondrial transmembrane potential that increase the availability of energy and the signal transduction, which promotes cell proliferation. This study primarily investigates the appropriateness of a range of treatment parameters, including light wavelength, irradiance (doses) and exposure time of PBM/LLLT in proliferation of cultured human monocytic leukaemia cell line THP-1(Tamm-Horsfall Protein 1), as well as DNA under in vitro conditions. A secondary objective was to exploit the beneficial effect of PBM/LLLT to reduce the harmful impacts caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Cells were irradiated with near infrared (NIR) diode laser at 850 nm with doses ranging from 0 – 26.8 J/cm2. After irradiation, cells were incubated for 12 hr and 24 hr to allow time for proliferation. Comet assay was conducted to evaluate genotoxicity of the irradiated cells. Trypan blue exclusion test and MTT assay (3-4-5-dimethy-2.5 thiazol-2.5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) were used to estimate cytotoxicity, Exposure to NIR diode laser revealed the beneficial effect of PBM/LLLT at low doses (< 5 J/cm2), which increased the viability and proliferation of THP-1 cells, which conformed by increasing ATP synthesis and the activity of mitochondria. Comet assay showed no significant difference between irradiated and non-irradiated cells at low doses and showed no DNA damage. The photobiomodulation effect of low doses, in particular 0.6 J/cm2 and 1.2 J/cm2, managed to reduce the damage to THP-1 cells after exposure to UV radiation by decreasing cell apoptosis, accelerate DNA damage repair and increase cell survival. While, the exposure for high doses (> 5 J/cm2), showed different results involved decrease in the number of THP-1 cells and viability, in addition to a considerable increase in DNA damage, which emphasised by decrease in the level of ATP synthesis and reducing the mitochondrial activity. These findings demonstrated the photobiomodulation effect of NIR diode laser through modulating various pathways such as ATP synthesis and mitochondrial activity in monocyte cells and DNA.
Mean string field theory: Landau-Ginzburg theory for 1-form symmetries
Creators: name: Iqbal, Nabil
name: McGreevy, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By analogy with the Landau-Ginzburg theory of ordinary zero-form symmetries, we introduce and develop a Landau-Ginzburg theory of one-form global symmetries, which we call mean string field theory. The basic dynamical variable is a string field -- defined on the space of closed loops -- that can be used to describe the creation, annihilation, and condensation of effective strings. Like its zero-form cousin, the mean string field theory provides a useful picture of the phase diagram of broken and unbroken phases. We provide a transparent derivation of the area law for charged line operators in the unbroken phase and describe the dynamics of gapless Goldstone modes in the broken phase. The framework also provides a theory of topological defects of the broken phase and a description of the phase transition that should be valid above an upper critical dimension, which we discuss. We also discuss general consequences of emergent one-form symmetries at zero and finite temperature.
description: 47 pages + appendices, 5 figures; v2: references added, some small clarifications, Appendix B improved
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 27987.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 28.06.1989, erstellt von Hans Ulrich Keller
Creators: name: Eidgenössische Sternwarte in Zürich (ETH Zürich bzw. vor 1911 Polytechnikum)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1989

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift überschrieben, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung in der ehem. Eidgenössischen Sternwarte Zürich. Instrument: Zeiss Coudé-Refraktor (150/2250 mm).
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden mit Bleistift auf einem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich notiert: Tabelle mit den statistischen Angaben, für die Werte g, f und mit einer Spalte für A: von blossem Auge sichtbare Flecken, beobachtet mit Hilfe eines korrekt-reduzierenden optischen Filters (naked eye sunspots).
Beobachtungstätigkeit am erwähnten Ort im Auftrag des Schweizerischen Militärdepartements, Bundesamt für Übermittlungstruppen (BAUEM): Zählungen am Fraunhoferschen Normalrefraktor und Zeichnungen am Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor
Site Remediation News Vol. 11 No. 1
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP), Division of Publicly Funded Site Remediation
Year: 1999

description: This newsletter describes activities related to site remediation in New Jersey. Included in this June 1999 issue are articles on updates to electronic data submission requirements, the Site Remediation Program's "Guidance For Sediment Quality Evaluations," details on revisions to the soil cleanup criteria, and protection of the Delaware Bay and River.
Baryogenesis from the Gauge-mediation type Q ball and the New type of Q ball as dark matter
Creators: name: Kasuya, Shinta
name: Kawasaki, Masahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate that the two types of the Q balls explain the baryon asymmetry and the dark matter of the universe in the gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking. The gauge-mediation type Q balls of one flat direction produce baryon asymmetry, while the new type Q balls of another flat direction become the dark matter. We show that the dark matter new type Q balls are free from the neutron star constraint. n=5 gauge mediation type and n=6 new type Q balls are displayed as an example, where the potential is lifted by the superpotential Phi^n. These dark matter Q balls may be detected by future observations, such as in advanced IceCube-like observations.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, title slightly changed for published version
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 27877.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 03.01.1989, erstellt von Hans Ulrich Keller
Creators: name: Eidgenössische Sternwarte in Zürich (ETH Zürich bzw. vor 1911 Polytechnikum)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1989

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift überschrieben, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung in der ehem. Eidgenössischen Sternwarte Zürich. Instrument: Zeiss Coudé-Refraktor (150/2250 mm).
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden mit Bleistift auf einem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich notiert: Tabelle mit den statistischen Angaben, für die Werte g, f und mit einer Spalte für A: von blossem Auge sichtbare Flecken, beobachtet mit Hilfe eines korrekt-reduzierenden optischen Filters (naked eye sunspots).
Beobachtungstätigkeit am erwähnten Ort im Auftrag des Schweizerischen Militärdepartements, Bundesamt für Übermittlungstruppen (BAUEM): Zählungen am Fraunhoferschen Normalrefraktor und Zeichnungen am Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor
Many-body localization and the area law in two dimensions
Creators: name: Decker, Kevin S. C.
name: Kennes, Dante M.
name: Karrasch, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the high-energy phase diagram of a two-dimensional spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ Heisenberg model on a square lattice in the presence of either quenched or quasiperiodic disorder. The use of large-scale tensor network numerics allows us to compute the bipartite entanglement entropy for systems of up to $60 \times 7$ lattice sites. We provide evidence for the existence of a many-body localized regime for large disorder strength that features an area law in excited states and that violates the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis. From a finite-size analysis, we determine an estimate for the critical disorder strength where the transition to the ergodic regime occurs in the quenched case.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
Ionic dysregulation in white matter damage
Creators: name: Bulman, Christopher
Publisher: name: University of Plymouth
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: White matter
subject: Stroke
subject: Multiple Sclerosis
subject: Glutamate
subject: Electrophysiology
subject: Myelin
subject: Potassium
subject: PhD

description: White matter damage can occur in a variety of neurological diseases where it contributes significantly to impairment of brain function. Dysregulation of ion gradients across membranes is a common phenomenon across many diseases and can be damaging due to increased metabolic demand, oedema and activation of destructive enzyme cascades. Breakdown of ionic gradients can occur under many circumstances. For example, loss of energy supply to ion pumps causes disruption early in stroke progression. Activation of ion channels through voltage or ligand gating contributes greatly to complications such as intracellular calcium overload in many diseases. This thesis investigated the contribution of different mechanisms of ionic alterations to white matter damage in ischaemic stroke and multiple sclerosis as well as to establish potential treatment options. Particular attention was paid to consequences of glutamate receptor activity. Using the oxygen glucose deprivation model of ischaemia, in the mouse brain slice, it was found that ischaemia-induced potassium release is greater in cortical grey than in corpus callosum white matter. This distinction is dependent on release of vesicular glutamate, as demonstrated by abolition by calcium free media and glutamate receptor antagonists. Variation of ischaemia-induced acidification of grey and white matter was also investigated but no difference between the two tissues was found. A new acute model of demyelination was established, using direct application of cuprizone to the isolated mouse optic nerve, and protection afforded by glutamate receptor antagonists was determined. Antagonism of AMPA and NMDA receptors acted in synergy to provide greater protection than block of each alone. This effect may allow treatment at lower concentrations to limit adverse side effects. When applied separately, NMDA receptor antagonists provided more protection than AMPA receptor antagonists, suggesting this channel contributed more to the injury progression. The same combination of glutamate antagonists was then investigated in the OGD model of ischaemic stroke but provided no more protection than AMPA receptor antagonist alone.
G-actions with close orbit spaces
Creators: name: Harvey, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 54H15

description: The classification of G-spaces by Palais is refined for the case where the orbit space satisfies certain mild topological hypotheses. It is shown that when a sequence of such orbit spaces is "close" to a limit orbit space, in some suitable sense, within a larger ambient orbit space, the G-spaces in the tail of the sequence are strongly equivalent to the limit G-space.
description: 12 pages, 1 figure. The result as previously stated in v1 was incorrect; the hypotheses were insufficient
SDOF-Tracker: Fast and Accurate Multiple Human Tracking by Skipped-Detection and Optical-Flow
Creators: name: Nishimura, Hitoshi
name: Komorita, Satoshi
name: Kawanishi, Yasutomo
name: Murase, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multiple human tracking is a fundamental problem for scene understanding. Although both accuracy and speed are required in real-world applications, recent tracking methods based on deep learning have focused on accuracy and require substantial running time. This study aims to improve running speed by performing human detection at a certain frame interval because it accounts for most of the running time. The question is how to maintain accuracy while skipping human detection. In this paper, we propose a method that complements the detection results with optical flow, based on the fact that someone's appearance does not change much between adjacent frames. To maintain the tracking accuracy, we introduce robust interest point selection within human regions and a tracking termination metric calculated by the distribution of the interest points. On the MOT20 dataset in the MOTChallenge, the proposed SDOF-Tracker achieved the best performance in terms of the total running speed while maintaining the MOTA metric. Our code is available at https://github.com/hitottiez/sdof-tracker.
The Role of Multicounty Development Districts in Rural Areas
Creators: name: Doeksen, Gerald A.
name: Holmes, O. W.
name: Kuehn, John
name: Perkinson, Leon
name: Voelker, Stan
name: Doeksen, Gerald A.
name: Holmes, O. W.
name: Kuehn, John
name: Perkinson, Leon
name: Voelker, Stan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1975
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Public Economics
subject: Planning
subject: Development
subject: Multicounty districts
subject: Technical assistance
subject: Funds
subject: Local organizations
subject: Cost sharing

description: Multicounty development districts or planning organizations contribute to rural development by providing services and expertise usually available to large cities but beyond the financial and technical/professional resources of small towns and rural areas. Ten organizations in Missouri, North Carolina, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, and South Dakota were studied to determine their structure, funding, functions, and services performed. Their responsibilities fall mainly into three categories--planning, clearinghouse responsibilities, and technical assistance. Membership in all but one unit, which was formed for a specific purpose, covered 4-10 counties each. An increasingly important function of these organizations is providing clearinghouse services related to applications for Federal cost-share funds for planning and development. Such a procedure allows State, regional, and local agencies to study the proposals and raise questions or objections. In this way, duplicating, conflicting, or overlapping projects can be eliminated or changed as needed.
The TT, TB, EB and BB correlations in anisotropic inflation
Creators: name: Chen, Xingang
name: Emami, Razieh
name: Firouzjahi, Hassan
name: Wang, Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ongoing and future experiments will measure the B-mode from different sky coverage and frequency bands, with the potential to reveal non-trivial features in polarization map. In this work we study the TT, TB, EB and BB correlations associated with the B-mode polarization of CMB map in models of charged anisotropic inflation. The model contains a chaotic-type large field complex inflaton which is charged under the $U(1)$ gauge field. We calculate the statistical anisotropies generated in the power spectra of the curvature perturbation, the tensor perturbation and their cross-correlation. It is shown that the asymmetry in tensor power spectrum is a very sensitive probe of the gauge coupling. While the level of statistical anisotropy in temperature power spectrum can be small and satisfy the observational bounds, the interactions from the gauge coupling can induce large directional dependence in tensor modes. This will leave interesting anisotropic fingerprints in various correlations involving the B-mode polarization such as the TB cross-correlation which may be detected in upcoming Planck polarization data. In addition, the TT correlation receives an anisotropic contribution from the tensor sector which naturally decays after $l \gtrsim 100$. We expect that the mechanism of using tensor sector to induce asymmetry at low $l$ to be generic which can also be applied to address other low $l$ CMB anomalies.
description: 27 pages, 10 figures; v2: references added; minor improvements in discussion; v3: version published on JCAP
Understanding the growth of the Fediverse through the lens of Mastodon
Creators: name: La Cava, Lucio
name: Greco, Sergio
name: Tagarelli, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: I.0; J.4
subject: 68U35

description: Open-source, Decentralized Online Social Networks (DOSNs) are emerging as alternatives to the popular yet centralized and profit-driven platforms like Facebook or Twitter. In DOSNs, users can set up their own server, or instance, while they can actually interact with users of other instances. Moreover, by adopting the same communication protocol, DOSNs become part of a massive social network, namely the Fediverse. Mastodon is the most relevant platform in the Fediverse to date, and also the one that has attracted attention from the research community. Existing studies are however limited to an analysis of a relatively outdated sample of Mastodon focusing on few aspects at a user level, while several open questions have not been answered yet, especially at the instance level. In this work, we aim at pushing forward our understanding of the Fediverse by leveraging the primary role of Mastodon therein. Our first contribution is the building of an up-to-date and highly representative dataset of Mastodon. Upon this new data, we have defined a network model over Mastodon instances and exploited it to investigate three major aspects: the structural features of the Mastodon network of instances from a macroscopic as well as a mesoscopic perspective, to unveil the distinguishing traits of the underlying federative mechanism; the backbone of the network, to discover the essential interrelations between the instances; and the growth of Mastodon, to understand how the shape of the instance network has evolved during the last few years, also when broading the scope to account for instances belonging to other platforms. Our extensive analysis of the above aspects has provided a number of findings that reveal distinguishing features of Mastodon and that can be used as a starting point for the discovery of all the DOSN Fediverse.
description: Accepted for publication with Applied Network Science, Springer Open, June 12, 2021
Planning for Clean Water: Using the Municipal Environmental Resource Inventory
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Rutgers Cooperative Extension, NJ Agricultural Experiment Station
Year: 2000

description: This document describes the municipal environmental resource inventory (ERI), also known as a natural resource inventory, as an excellent tool to help municipal officials plan for clean water. Topics covered are what is included in a municipal ERI, who conducts the ERI, uses of the ERI, how the ERI can be used to amend and/or add ordinances, and finally, how the ERI can help a municipality prepare for the Phase II Stormwater Rule.
The Photosynthesiser - A methodology for mapping environmental conditions, pivotal to the speed of photosynthesis in plants, through sonification.
Creators: name: Brand, Oliver
Publisher: name: University of Plymouth
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer music composition
subject: Music technology
subject: Sonification
subject: Sound design
subject: Human perception
subject: Photosynthesis
subject: ResM

description: Traditionally, the close inspection of data requires visual guidance in the form of displays depicting numeric or graphical representations over time. Sonification offers a way to convey this data through auditory means, relinquishing the need for constant display monitoring. To enable horticulturists to continue to move and work around their environment a proposed sonification mapping system for the key environmental conditions, vital for optimum levels of photosynthesis, has been developed. The outcome of this research was to provide a monitoring system that was both musical and meaningful with regards to data fluctuations and most importantly, could be interpreted by a wide demographic of listeners. A literature review provides an underpinning to both the scientific and artistic merits of sonification whilst a practice-based model was used to develop appropriate musical timbres, offering a natural instrumentation through physical modelling synthesis. Key questions around which musical factors can be used to trigger specific emotions and which of these emotions do we associate with an environment that offers a higher rate or low rate of photosynthesis for plants are explored. Through literary research as well as the deployment and analysis of surveys, a list of musical parameters was identified and a mapping framework designed. To analyse the success of the design, an audio installation was constructed within grounds at the Eden Project. The environmental data of both biomes, tropical and Mediterranean, were sonified into two musical streams and visitors surveyed through quantitative and qualitative methods in an experiment to see if they could correctly associate the music to the biome. The results provided 90% accuracy in the correct identification. It is theorised through this research that the mapping framework designed can be used in the sonification of climate conditions and communicate key traits within each environment.
Tracy-Widom distribution as instanton sum of 2D IIA superstrings
Creators: name: Nishigaki, Shinsuke M.
name: Sugino, Fumihiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analytic expression of the nonperturbative free energy of a double-well supersymmetric matrix model in its double scaling limit, which corresponds to two-dimensional type IIA superstring theory on a nontrivial Ramond-Ramond background. To this end we draw upon the wisdom of random matrix theory developed by Tracy and Widom, which expresses the largest eigenvalue distribution of unitary ensembles in terms of a Painleve II transcendent. Regularity of the result at any value of the string coupling constant shows that the third-order phase transition between a supersymmetry-preserving phase and a supersymmetry-broken phase, previously found at the planar level, becomes a smooth crossover in the double scaling limit. Accordingly, the supersymmetry is always broken spontaneously as its order parameter stays nonzero for the whole region of the coupling constant. Coincidence of the result with the unitary one-matrix model suggests that one-dimensional type 0 string theories partially correspond to the type IIA superstring theory. Our formulation naturally allows for introduction of an instanton chemical potential, and reveals the presence of a novel phase transition, possibly interpreted as condensation of instantons.
description: 25 pages, 4 figures. v2: new subsection 4.3 and references added. version to be published in JHEP
Modeling displaced squeezed number states in waveguide arrays
Creators: name: Villegas-Martínez, B. M.
name: Moya-Cessa, H. M.
name: Soto-Eguibar, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an exact analytical solution for a one-dimensional zigzag waveguide array with first and second neighbor interactions. It is found that the waveguide system possess a classical analog to the displaced squeezed number states. The exact solution was compared directly with the numerical solution showing a perfect agreement between both results. The implication of a linear index of refraction changing as a function of the site number is also studied. In this case, we show that the first neighbor interaction strongly influences the periodicity of Bloch oscillations.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures
Permit Activity Report: January 1, 2003 to June 30, 2003
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP), Office of Pollution Prevention and Permit Coordination
Year: 2003

description: In accordance with the requirements of the Environmental Management Accountability Plan, this report provides information about the number of permit applications received and processed by DEP programs for the period of January 1, 2003 to June 30, 2003. This report reflects the department's commitment to provide access to information to the public, the regulated community, and other levels of government. Total average review times for actions processed by the department are provided, as well as the published total average review time goals set by each program.
CBNet: A Composite Backbone Network Architecture for Object Detection
Creators: name: Liang, Tingting
name: Chu, Xiaojie
name: Liu, Yudong
name: Wang, Yongtao
name: Tang, Zhi
name: Chu, Wei
name: Chen, Jingdong
name: Ling, Haibin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Modern top-performing object detectors depend heavily on backbone networks, whose advances bring consistent performance gains through exploring more effective network structures. In this paper, we propose a novel and flexible backbone framework, namely CBNetV2, to construct high-performance detectors using existing open-sourced pre-trained backbones under the pre-training fine-tuning paradigm. In particular, CBNetV2 architecture groups multiple identical backbones, which are connected through composite connections. Specifically, it integrates the high- and low-level features of multiple backbone networks and gradually expands the receptive field to more efficiently perform object detection. We also propose a better training strategy with assistant supervision for CBNet-based detectors. Without additional pre-training of the composite backbone, CBNetV2 can be adapted to various backbones (CNN-based vs. Transformer-based) and head designs of most mainstream detectors (one-stage vs. two-stage, anchor-based vs. anchor-free-based). Experiments provide strong evidence that, compared with simply increasing the depth and width of the network, CBNetV2 introduces a more efficient, effective, and resource-friendly way to build high-performance backbone networks. Particularly, our Dual-Swin-L achieves 59.4% box AP and 51.6% mask AP on COCO test-dev under the single-model and single-scale testing protocol, which is significantly better than the state-of-the-art result (57.7% box AP and 50.2% mask AP) achieved by Swin-L, while the training schedule is reduced by 6$\times$. With multi-scale testing, we push the current best single model result to a new record of 60.1% box AP and 52.3% mask AP without using extra training data. Code is available at https://github.com/VDIGPKU/CBNetV2.
description: IEEE Transactions on Image Processing (TIP) camera ready
Interpreting a nested Mach-Zehnder interferometer with classical optics
Creators: name: Saldanha, Pablo L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In an recent work with the title "Asking Photons Where They Have Been", Danan et al. experimentally demonstrate an intriguing behavior of photons in an interferometer [Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 240402 (2013)]. In their words: "The photons tell us that they have been in the parts of the interferometer through which they could not pass." They interpret the results using the two-state vector formalism of quantum theory and say that, although an explanation of the experimental results in terms of classical electromagnetic waves in the interferometer is possible (and they provide a partial description), it is not so intuitive. Here we present a more detailed classical description of their experimental results, showing that it is actually intuitive. The same description is valid for the quantum wave function of the photons propagating in the interferometer. In particular, we show that it is essential that the wave propagates through all parts of the interferometer to describe the experimental results. We hope that our work helps to give a deeper understanding of these interesting experimental results.
description: v2: 5 pages, 3 figures. The title has changed. Some intermediate steps in the calculations were included. Some references were added
Preparation of A Spaceflight: Apoptosis Search in Sutured Wound Healing Models
Creators: name: Riwaldt, Stephan
name: Monici, Monica
name: Evert, Katja
name: Utpatel, Kirsten
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: NF-KAPPA-B; THYROID-CANCER CELLS; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; SIMULATED WEIGHTLESSNESS; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; DEATH RECEPTORS; ALTERED GRAVITY; ORGAN-CULTURE; PROTEINS; GROWTH; skin; wound healing; suture; apoptosis; caspases; extracellular matrix proteins
subject: 610 Medizin

description: To prepare the ESA (European Space Agency) spaceflight project "Wound healing and Sutures in Unloading Conditions", we studied mechanisms of apoptosis in wound healing models based on ex vivo skin tissue cultures, kept for 10 days alive in serum-free DMEM/F12 medium supplemented with bovine serum albumin, hydrocortisone, insulin, ascorbic acid and antibiotics at 32 degrees C. The overall goal is to test: (i) the viability of tissue specimens; (ii) the gene expression of activators and inhibitors of apoptosis and extracellular matrix components in wound and suture models; and (iii) to design analytical protocols for future tissue specimens after post-spaceflight download. Hematoxylin-Eosin and Elastica-van-Gieson staining showed a normal skin histology with no signs of necrosis in controls and showed a normal wound suture. TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling for detecting DNA fragmentation revealed no significant apoptosis. No activation of caspase-3 protein was detectable. FASL, FADD, CASP3, CASP8, CASP10, BAX, BCL2, CYC1, APAF1, LAMA3 and SPP1 mRNAs were not altered in epidermis and dermis samples with and without a wound compared to 0 day samples (specimens investigated directly post-surgery). BIRC5, CASP9, and FN1 mRNAs were downregulated in epidermis/dermis samples with and/or without a wound compared to 0 day samples. BIRC2, BIRC3 were upregulated in 10 day wound samples compared to 0 day samples in epidermis/dermis. RELA/FAS mRNAs were elevated in 10 day wound and no wound samples compared to 0 day samples in dermis. In conclusion, we demonstrate that it is possible to maintain live skin tissue cultures for 10 days. The viability analysis showed no significant signs of cell death in wound and suture models. The gene expression analysis demonstrated the interplay of activators and inhibitors of apoptosis and extracellular matrix components, thereby describing important features in ex vivo sutured wound healing models. Collectively, the performed methods defining analytical protocols proved to be applicable for post-flight analyzes of tissue specimens after sample return.
Cu substitution effects on the local magnetic properties of Ba(Fe_[1-x]Cu_[x])2As2: a site-selective 75-As and 63-Cu NMR study
Creators: name: Takeda, H.
name: Imai, T.
name: Tachibana, M.
name: Gaudet, J.
name: Gaulin, B. D.
name: Saparov, B. I.
name: Sefat, A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We take advantage of the site-selective nature of the $^{75}$As and $^{63}$Cu NMR techniques to probe the Cu substitution effects on the local magnetic properties of the FeAs planes in Ba(Fe$_{1-x}$Cu$_x$)$_2$As$_2$. We show that the suppression of antiferromagnetic Fe spin fluctuations induced by Cu substitution is weaker than a naive expectation based on a simple rigid band picture, in which each Cu atom would donate 3 electrons to the FeAs planes. Comparison between $^{63}$Cu and $^{75}$As NMR data indicates that spin fluctuations are suppressed at the Cu and their neighboring Fe sites in the tetragonal phase, suggesting the strongly local nature of the Cu substitution effects. We attribute the absence of a large superconducting dome in the phase diagram of Ba(Fe$_{1-x}$Cu$_x$)$_2$As$_2$ to the emergence of a nearly magnetically ordered FeAs planes under the presence of orthorhombic distortion.
description: Final version accepted for publication in PRL
Pretext Tasks selection for multitask self-supervised speech representation learning
Creators: name: Zaiem, Salah
name: Parcollet, Titouan
name: Essid, Slim
name: Heba, Abdel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Through solving pretext tasks, self-supervised learning leverages unlabeled data to extract useful latent representations replacing traditional input features in the downstream task. In audio/speech signal processing, a wide range of features where engineered through decades of research efforts. As it turns out, learning to predict such features (a.k.a pseudo-labels) has proven to be a particularly relevant pretext task, leading to useful self-supervised representations which prove to be effective for downstream tasks. However, methods and common practices for combining such pretext tasks for better performance on the downstream task have not been explored and understood properly. In fact, the process relies almost exclusively on a computationally heavy experimental procedure, which becomes intractable with the increase of the number of pretext tasks. This paper introduces a method to select a group of pretext tasks among a set of candidates. The method we propose estimates calibrated weights for the partial losses corresponding to the considered pretext tasks during the self-supervised training process. The experiments conducted on automatic speech recognition, speaker and emotion recognition validate our approach, as the groups selected and weighted with our method perform better than classic baselines, thus facilitating the selection and combination of relevant pseudo-labels for self-supervised representation learning.
Prognostic Significance of Incidental Prostate Cancer at Radical Cystoprostatectomy for Bladder Cancer
Creators: name: Gakis, Georgios
name: Rink, Michael
name: Fritsche, Hans-Martin
name: Graefen, Markus
name: Schubert, Tina
name: Hassan, Fahmy
name: Chun, Felix K.
name: Brummeisl, Wolfgang
name: Fisch, Margit
name: Burger, Maxmilian
name: Stenzl, Arnulf
name: Renninger, Markus
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA; CYSTECTOMY; EXTENT; TRACT; Bladder cancer; Clinically significant; Incidental; Prostate cancer; Radical cystectomy; Overall survival; Outcome
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of the clinical significance of incidental prostate cancer (PC) on overall survival (OS) after radical cystoprostatectomy (RC) for bladder cancer (BC). Methods: A total of 822 consecutive men underwent RC in 3 academic centers between 1996 and 2011. The clinical significance of incidental PC was determined according to the Epstein criteria. The Kaplan-Meier analysis with log-rank was used to investigate the impact of PC on OS and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses for risk factors of OS. The median follow-up was 36 months (interquartile range 10-49). Results: Of the 822 men, 117 (14.2%) had clinically significant, 243 (29.6%) insignificant and 462 (56.2) no PC at RC. Men with PC were at higher risk for lymphovascular invasion (LVI) of BC compared to men without PC (p < 0.001). The 5-year OS for men with clinically significant, insignificant and no PC was 33.3, 51.3 and 51.5%, respectively (p = 0.050). In the subgroup of pN0 patients (n = 601), clinically significant PC was significantly associated with inferior OS (p = 0.044) but not in multivariable analysis (p = 0.46). Conclusions: We did not find the clinical significance of incidental PC to be an independent predictor. However, the positive correlation between incidental PC and LVI of BC deserves further investigation. (C) 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel
Water Resource Evaluation System for the Upper Delaware Watershed
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: North Jersey Resource Conservation and Development
Year: 2002

description: This report is part of the Upper Delaware Watershed Management Project's objective of developing the Water Resource Evaluation System (WRES) to encourage the preservation of important water resource lands in the Upper  Delaware region. The first phase of the project was to characterize and assess the health of the watershed.  The second phase will include the development and implementation of a watershed management plan.  Contents of this report include: model development, methdology, results, use of and future modifications to the water resource evaluation system, conclusions, and appendices (meeting minutes and methodologies).
Across the Watershed, Fall 2003
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Great Swamp Watershed Association
Year: 2003

description: This is the Fall 2003 issue of Across the Watershed, the quarterly newsletter from the Great Swamp Watershed Association (GSWA). This issue contains articles entitled Where Do Your Membership Fees and Donations Go? and The Race That Can't Be Won, along with the Annual Financial Report, as well as local news and events.
Delocalization and quantum diffusion of random band matrices in high dimensions II: $T$-expansion
Creators: name: Yang, Fan
name: Yau, Horng-Tzer
name: Yin, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider Green's functions $G(z):=(H-z)^{-1}$ of Hermitian random band matrices $H$ on the $d$-dimensional lattice $(\mathbb Z/L\mathbb Z)^d$. The entries $h_{xy}=\bar h_{yx}$ of $H$ are independent centered complex Gaussian random variables with variances $s_{xy}=\mathbb E|h_{xy}|^2$. The variances satisfy a banded profile so that $s_{xy}$ is negligible if $|x-y|$ exceeds the band width $W$. For any $n\in \mathbb N$, we construct an expansion of the $T$-variable, $T_{xy}=|m|^2 \sum_αs_{xα}|G_{αy}|^2$, with an error $O(W^{-nd/2})$, and use it to prove a local law on the Green's function. This $T$-expansion was the main tool to prove the delocalization and quantum diffusion of random band matrices for dimensions $d\ge 8$ in part I of this series.
description: 74 pages. This is a sequel of arXiv:2104.12048. Accepted by Communications in Mathematical Physics
Immune Architecture of Colorectal Lung Metastases and Implications for Patient Survival
Creators: name: Brunner, Stefan M.
name: Hahn, Ulrich
name: Jeiter, Tonia
name: Kesselring, Rebecca
name: Rubner, Christoph
name: Ruemmele, Petra
name: Sziklavari, Zsolt
name: Hofmann, Hans S.
name: Schlitt, Hans J.
name: Fichtner-Feigl, Stefan
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: LIVER RESECTION; CANCER; INFILTRATION; CELLS; CLASSIFICATION; METAANALYSIS; IMPACT; TUMORS; Immune infiltrate; Tumor microenvironment; Cellular infiltration; Prognostic parameters
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Background: Pulmonary metastases occur in 10-20% of patients with colorectal cancer and significantly influence long-term survival. In this study, the immunological architecture of colorectal lung in comparison to liver metastases and its impact on patient survival were examined. Methods: Specimens of patients with colorectal lung and liver metastases were stained for HE, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD68 and CD45RO. Besides histomorphological evaluation, immunohistochemical stainings were analyzed for the respective cell numbers separately for tumor area, infiltrative margin and distant lung or liver stroma. These findings were correlated with clinical data and patient outcome. Results: In colorectal lung (n = 69) in comparison to liver (n = 222) metastases, the immunological focus is located in the tumor region. A high CD4(+) cell infiltration of this area is associated with prolonged survival of patients after resection of colorectal lung metastases [103 +/- 33 (high) vs. 37 +/- 6 months (low); p = 0.0246]. Patients who were treated with preoperative chemotherapy did not show differences in immune infiltrates compared to chemotherapy-naive patients. Conclusion: Colorectal lung and liver metastases showed a distinct immunological architecture. A dense cell infiltration of colorectal lung metastases by CD4(+) cells was related to prolonged patient survival. Preoperative chemotherapy did not influence cellular immune infiltrates. (C) 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel
Protecting New Jersey's Wetlands
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Year: 2000

description: This brochure discusses federal wetland protection laws and how they affect New Jersey. It also discusses how the New Jersey Field Office of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service works with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to protect birds and fish in wetland areas.
Alcohol and Obesity: A Dangerous Association for Fatty Liver Disease
Creators: name: Mahli, Abdo
name: Hellerbrand, Claus
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: HEPATIC STELLATE CELLS; BODY-MASS INDEX; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM STRESS; RISK-FACTORS; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; LIPID-ACCUMULATION; NONALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS; DECREASED PREVALENCE; NATURAL-HISTORY; UNITED-STATES; Alcoholic liver disease; Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; Metabolic syndrome; Obesity; Synergism
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are the most frequent chronic liver disorders, and their advanced forms - alcoholic steatohepatitis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis - are the most frequent conditions leading to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. NAFLD is considered as the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. With the pandemic rise of obesity, the incidence of NAFLD is also further increasing, and considering the life style in modern societies, there is a significant overlap of (risk factors causing) NAFLD and (alcohol consumption predisposing for) ALD at least in Western countries. Epidemiological studies propose a causative link between chronic alcohol consumption and progressive liver disease in obese individuals. Furthermore, experimental studies indicate combined pathological effects of alcohol and obesity or fatty acid levels, respectively, on hepatocellular lipid accumulation and injury as well as hepatic inflammation, fibrosis and cancerogenesis. Notably, these combined pathological effects are in part additive but partly even synergistic. And importantly, alcohol does already exhibit synergistic pathological effects with obesity at moderate doses. This indicates significant differences in the dose threshold for hepatotoxic alcohol effects in lean and obese subjects and herewith also has important implications for recommendations for 'safe' alcohol consumption. The purpose of this brief review is to update the knowledge on the combined effects of alcohol and obesity on the development and progression of liver disease. Undoubtedly, alcohol and the metabolic syndrome appear as a dangerous mix, and there are important interactive effects of either condition with regard to crucial triggers of liver injury. (C) 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel
Search strategy for gluinos at the LHC with a Higgs boson decaying into tau leptons
Creators: name: Arganda, Ernesto
name: Delgado, Antonio
name: Morales, Roberto A.
name: Quirós, Mariano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The possibility in supersymmetric scenarios that the dark matter candidate is a Higgsino-like neutralino means that its production can be associated with Higgs bosons. Taking advantage of this fact, we propose a LHC search strategy for gluinos with $τ$ leptons in the final state, coming from the decay of a Higgs boson. We consider the strong production of a pair of gluinos, one of which decays into the Higgsino plus jets while the other decays into the bino plus jets. In turn, this bino decays into the Higgsino plus a Higgs boson which finally decays into a $τ$-lepton pair. Therefore, the experimental signature under study consists of 4 jets, 2 $τ$ leptons, and a large amount of missing transverse energy. Our cut-based search strategy allows us to reach, for a LHC center-of-mass energy of 14 TeV and a total integrated luminosity of 1 ab$^{-1}$, significances of up to 2 standard deviations, considering systematic uncertainties in the SM background of 30\%. The projections for 3 ab$^{-1}$ are encouraging, with significances at the evidence level, which in more optimistic experimental scenarios could exceed 4 standard deviations.
description: 11 pages, 1 table, 3 figures