cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Fractal dimensions of the galaxy distribution varying by steps?
Creators: name: Celerier, Marie-Noelle
name: Thieberger, Reuben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The structure of the large scale distribution of the galaxies have been widely studied since the publication of the first catalogs. Since large redshift samples are available, their analyses seem to show fractal correlations up to the observational limits. The value of the fractal dimension(s) calculated by different authors have become the object of a large debate, as have been the value of the expected transition from fractality to a possible large scale homogeneity. Moreover, some authors have proposed that different scaling regimes might be discerned at different lenght scales. To go further on into this issue, we have applied the correlation integral method to the wider sample currently available. We therefore obtain a fractal dimension of the galaxy distribution which seems to vary by steps whose width might be related to the organization hierarchy observed for the galaxies. This result could explain some of the previous results obtained by other authors from the analyses of less complete catalogs and maybe reconcile their apparent discrepancy. However, the method applied here needs to be further checked, since it produces odd fluctuations at each transition scale, which need to be thoroughly explained.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, to be published in the Proceedings of the 22nd Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics, held on December 13-17 2004 at Stanford University
Additional file 1 of Nasal carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among undocumented migrants and uninsured legal residents in Amsterdam, the Netherlands: a cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Dulm, E. Van
name: S. Klok
name: A. Boyd
name: I. K. Joore
name: M. Prins
name: A. P. Van Dam
name: G. A. Tramper-Stranders
name: Y. T. H. P. Van Duijnhoven
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Characteristics of included participants (N = 784) versus patients who refused participation (but completed a short questionnaire on basic characteristics, N = 195) in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, October 2018–October 2019
Limnology of the Meromictic Island Copper Mine pit lake
Creators: name: Fisher, Timothy Simon Richmond
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The BHP Billiton owned Island Copper Mine pit near Port Hardy, Vancouver Island, BC, Canada, was flooded in 1996 with seawater and capped with fresh water to form a meromictic pit lake (maximum depth 350 m and surface area 1.71 km ). The pit lake is being utilized as a passive treatment system for acid rock drainage (ARD). Conductivitytemperature- depth profiles (July 1997 to March 2001) document the evolving structure of the pit lake. Intensive measurements with two thermistor "chains" and a meteorological station (December 1999 to November 2000) enabled physical processes to be investigated. The pit lake has developed into three distinct layers: a brackish and well mixed upper layer; an intermediate layer circulated by ARD plumes; and a thermally convecting lower layer. The upper halocline has risen due to the injection of buoyant ARD into the base of the intermediate layer and entrainment of the halocline by the impinging ARD plume. The lower halocline fluctuated seasonally due to the balance between ARD plume erosion and lower layer thermal convection. The true salinity was determined from the Practical Salinity Scale 1978 plus a time and layer dependent correction for non-seawater ions sourced from the ARD and submerged pit walls. The plume stirred intermediate layer was analogous to the filling box model (Baines and Turner, 1969), which explains the observed salinity and counter-stable temperature gradients. Lake length and width internal waves were identified at the upper halocline and their periods agreed with predictions. These internal waves appeared to degenerate by damping, not by non-linear steepening as predicted by theory. Conceptual models used to model the long-term evolution of the pit lake identified upwelling and/or erosion of the intermediate layer as potential failure modes. Clear from the conceptual models was the importance of maintaining the density stratification for the longterm stability of the meromictic structure. Detailed modeling with a one-dimensional process model DYRESM replicated some details of the pit lake, but did not adequately model wind mixing, nor did it allow for plume entrainment of the upper halocline.
CASH FORWARD CONTRACTING VERSUS HEDGING OF FED CATTLE, AND THE IMPACT OF CASH CONTRACTING ON CASH PRICES
Creators: name: Elam, Emmett W.
name: Elam, Emmett W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This research examines cash forward contracting of fed cattle. For an individual feeder, a cash contract eliminates basis risk (as compared to a futures hedge). However, the disadvantage is that the contract price is estimated to be lower than the futures hedge price by $.28 - $.59/ cwt for steers and $.86 - $1.64.cwt for heifers. From the industry perspective, contracting appears to have a negative impact on cash prices. An increase of 1,000 head in U.S. monthly contract cattle shipments is associated with a $.003-$.009/cwt decrease in the U.S. average cash price. The negative impact of cash contracting varies by state.
Declarative Experimentation in Information Retrieval using PyTerrier
Creators: name: Macdonald, Craig
name: Tonellotto, Nicola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The advent of deep machine learning platforms such as Tensorflow and Pytorch, developed in expressive high-level languages such as Python, have allowed more expressive representations of deep neural network architectures. We argue that such a powerful formalism is missing in information retrieval (IR), and propose a framework called PyTerrier that allows advanced retrieval pipelines to be expressed, and evaluated, in a declarative manner close to their conceptual design. Like the aforementioned frameworks that compile deep learning experiments into primitive GPU operations, our framework targets IR platforms as backends in order to execute and evaluate retrieval pipelines. Further, we can automatically optimise the retrieval pipelines to increase their efficiency to suite a particular IR platform backend. Our experiments, conducted on TREC Robust and ClueWeb09 test collections, demonstrate the efficiency benefits of these optimisations for retrieval pipelines involving both the Anserini and Terrier IR platforms.
title: Utilizing Dual-Polarization Instantaneous Precipitation Rate to Predict Flash Flooding
Creators: name: Apffel, Kirk R.
name: Reynolds, Aaron
name: Church, David
name: Escobedo, Jacob
Publisher: name: NOAA National Weather Service
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00tgqzw13
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2025

description: Eastern Region technical attachment (National Weather Service (U.S.)) ; 2025-01
description: The WSR-88D radar uses a dual polarization quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) algorithm called Digital (instantaneous) Precipitation Rate (DPR) which can be useful in predicting flash flooding. When re-processed to estimate the duration for which areas meet thresholds of two, three, or four inches per hour respectively, research shows that potential flash flood events may be easier to detect when compared to traditional radar interrogation techniques. This study focused on events from both Buffalo (KBUF) and Cleveland (KCLE) radars during the convective seasons between 2015 and 2017. Radar data were examined to identify cases where DPR exceeded the threshold noted above for 20 minutes or more over the course of an hour. A total of 1710 cases were then compared to observed flash flood events. These cases were categorized further based on a location’s vulnerability to flash floods using a local static Flash Flood Potential Index (FFPI) and stratified by rainfall rate and duration. Results show that a DPR of 2”/hr. for 35 minutes or 3”/hr. for 25 minutes are thresholds which correlate with an increased flash flood risk for areas that have at least a moderate FFPI. Rainfall rates over 4 inches per hour, although impressive from a precipitation rate standpoint, usually do not last long at any one location. These rates show less skill since they do not provide much lead time and may be prone to hail contamination. Precipitation rate thresholds of 2 and 3 inches per hour indicate an increased ability to detect and provide lead time for flash floods. These thresholds have been used operationally and have aided meteorologists with detection and lead time for flash floods. Additional research may support the utility of the DPR product in all NWS offices.
ON THE AGGREGATION OF MONEY MEASURES OF WELL-BEING IN APPLIED WELFARE ECONOMICS
Creators: name: Donaldson, David
name: Donaldson, David
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1992
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics

description: This article investigates the properties, good and bad, of social evaluations based on four money measures of well-being or changes in well-being: compensating variations, money metrics, extended money metrics, and welfare ratios. Consistency of social rankings (transitivity, asymmetry of preference), the possibility of incorporating inequality aversions, independence of the choice of reference prices, and the ethics implicit in the evaluations are considered. In addition, these procedures are contrasted with utility aggregation using equivalence scales.
Self-optimization of optical confinement in ultraviolet photonic crystal slab laser
Creators: name: Yamilov, Alexey
name: Wu, X.
name: Liu, X.
name: Chang, R. P. H.
name: Cao, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We studied numerically and experimentally the effects of structural disorder on the performance of ultraviolet photonic crystal slab lasers. Optical gain selectively amplifies the high-quality modes of the passive system. For these modes, the in-plane and out-of-plane leakage rates may be automatically balanced in the presence of disorder. The spontaneous optimization of in-plane and out-of-plane confinement of light in a photonic crystal slab may lead to a reduction of the lasing threshold.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
RISK COSTS AND THE CHOICE OF MARKET RETURN INDEX
Creators: name: Amegbeto, Koffi N.
name: Featherstone, Allen M.
name: Amegbeto, Koffi N.
name: Featherstone, Allen M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1992
Subjects: Farm Management
Risk and Uncertainty

description: Six measures of returns are used to estimate the most "appropriate" market index for southeast Kansas farms. Results suggest that localized indices are more appropriate than state indices for use as the market index. The appropriate index was used to estimate systematic and nonsystematic risk and risk costs for farm planning. Estimated risks depend on the choice of market index, whereas risk costs depend on the index choice and the risk aversion are considered. More risk-averse specialized farmers are not completely compensated for risk.
FARM OPERATING RISK AND CASH RENT DETERMINATION
Creators: name: Turvey, Calum G.
name: Baker, Timothy G.
name: Weersink, Alfons
name: Turvey, Calum G.
name: Baker, Timothy G.
name: Weersink, Alfons
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1992
Subjects: Agricultural Finance
Farm Management
Risk and Uncertainty

description: This article examines farm operating risks and cash-rent determination through the use of the efficient set mathematics. The efficient set mathematics proves to be a pragmatic approach to characterizing operating risks, and the relationships between operating risks and cash-rent determination. Various separation theorems are used to postulate the relationship between operating risk and cash rents. Preliminary evidence appears to support the theoretical conclusion that opperating risk and cash-rent determination are related.
Additional file 2 of Nasal carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among undocumented migrants and uninsured legal residents in Amsterdam, the Netherlands: a cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Dulm, E. Van
name: S. Klok
name: A. Boyd
name: I. K. Joore
name: M. Prins
name: A. P. Van Dam
name: G. A. Tramper-Stranders
name: Y. T. H. P. Van Duijnhoven
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2: Supplementary Table 2. Reasons for non-participation among patients who completed a short questionnaire on basic characteristics (N = 195) in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, October 2018–October 2019
Kaplan, Steven: The monastic Holy man and the Christianization of Early Solomonic Ethiopia, Wiesbaden 1984
Creators: name: Kropp, Manfred
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 70 (1986): Oriens christianus, Band 70
Unfolding the Effects of the T=0 and T=1 Parts of the Two-Body Interaction on Nuclear Collectivity in the f-p Shell
Creators: name: Robinson, Shadow J. Q.
name: Escuderos, Alberto
name: Zamick, Larry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Calculations of the spectra of various even-even nuclei in the fp shell ({44}Ti, {46}Ti, {48}Ti, {48}Cr and {50}Cr) are performed with two sets of two-body interaction matrix elements. The first set consists of the matrix elements of the FPD6 interaction. The second set has the same T=1 two-body matrix elements as the FPD6 interaction, but all the T=0 two-body matrix elements are set equal to zero (T0FPD6). Surprisingly, the T0FPD6 interaction gives a semi-reasonable spectrum (or else this method would make no sense). A consistent feature for even-even nuclei, e.g. {44,46,48}Ti and {48,50}Cr, is that the reintroduction of T=0 matrix elements makes the spectrum look more rotational than when the T=0 matrix elements are set equal to zero. A common characteristic of the results is that, for high spin states, the excitation energies are too high for the full FPD6 interaction and too low for T0FPD6, as compared with experiment. The odd-even nucleus {43}Ti and the odd-odd nucleus {46}V are also discussed. For {43}Sc the T=0 matrix elements are responsible for staggering of the high spin states. In general, but not always, the inclusion of T=0 two-body matrix elements enhances the B(E2) rates.
description: 15 pages, 14 figures. Submitted to Phys. Rev. C
MULTIPLE-OUTPUT PRODUCTION MODELED WITH THREE FUNCTIONAL FORMS
Creators: name: Villezca-Becerra, Pedro A.
name: Shumway, C. Richard
name: Villezca-Becerra, Pedro A.
name: Shumway, C. Richard
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1992
Subjects: Production Economics

description: Aggregate dual models are specified to examine multiple-output production relationships in each of four major, geographically dispersed, agricultural states (California, Iowa, Texas, and Florida). Three locally-flexible functional forms (translog, generalized Leontief, and normalized quadratic) are employed to conduct analytic simplification tests, estimate systems of output supply and input demand equations consistent with nonrejected hypotheses, derive elasticities, and determine to what extent analytic simplification tests and policy-relevant results are sensitive to functional form and state. Important differences in empirical implications were found due both to functional form and geographic unit, but differences were greater for the latter.
Lyman Alpha Radiation From Collapsing Protogalaxies II: Observational Evidence for Gas Infall
Creators: name: Dijkstra, Mark
name: Haiman, Zoltan
name: Spaans, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We model the spectra and surface brightness distributions for the Lyman alpha (Lya) radiation expected from protogalaxies that are caught in the early stages of their assembly. We use the results of a companion paper to characterize the radiation emerging from spherically collapsing gas clouds. We then modify the intrinsic spectra to incorporate the effect of subsequent resonant scattering in the intergalactic medium (IGM). Using these models, we interpret a number of recent observations of extended Lya blobs (LABs) at high redshift. We suggest, based on the angular size, energetics, as well as the relatively shallow surface brightness profiles, and double-peaked spectra, that several of these LABs may be associated with collapsing protogalaxies. We suggest two follow-up observations to diagnose the presence of gas infall. High S/N spectra of LABs should reveal a preferential flattening of the surface brightness profile at the red side of the line. Complementary imaging of the blobs at redshifted Balmer alpha wavelengths should reveal the intrinsic Lya emissivity and allow its separation from radiative transfer effects. We show that Lya scattering by infalling gas can reproduce the observed spectrum of Steidel et al's LAB2 as accurately as a recently proposed outflow model. Finally, we find similar evidence for infall in the spectra of point-like Lyman alpha emitters. The presence of scattering by the infalling gas implies that the intrinsic Lya luminosities, and derived quantities, such as the star-formation rate, in these objects may have been underestimated by about an order of magnitude.
description: Accepted for Publication in ApJ, 11 emulateapj pages with 6 figures, together with a companion paper
IMPACTS OF LIBERALIZING THE JAPANESE PORK MARKET
Creators: name: Wahl, Thomas I.
name: Hayes, Dermot J.
name: Johnson, Stanley R.
name: Wahl, Thomas I.
name: Hayes, Dermot J.
name: Johnson, Stanley R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1992
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: The Japanese pork market is protected by a complex set of restrictions, including a variable levy and an import tariff. The combination of these policies distorts the quantity, price, and form of Japanese pork imports. An important issue relevant to the liberalization of the Japanese pork market is the accurate measurement of the price wedge between Japanese and world pork prices. The analysis indicates that the tariff equivalent of the price wedge over the 1986-88 period was 44%. If the tariff equivalent of the price wedge is reduced over a ten-year period, Japanese pork imports are projected to increase by over 39% initially and by over 215% compared to baseline projections by the year 2000. Producer welfare can be maintained by a deficiency payment scheme. A less costly alternative is an industry buffer scheme, which maintains the level of the pork industry for two years and then implements a declining deficiency payment scheme that limits the decrease in production levels to 5% per year.
A pure-jump mean-reverting short rate model
Creators: name: Hess, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Finance (q-fin.MF)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A new multi-factor short rate model is presented which is bounded from below by a real-valued function of time. The mean-reverting short rate process is modeled by a sum of pure-jump Ornstein--Uhlenbeck processes such that the related bond prices possess affine representations. Also the dynamics of the associated instantaneous forward rate is provided and a condition is derived under which the model can be market-consistently calibrated. The analytical tractability of this model is illustrated by the derivation of an explicit plain vanilla option price formula. With view on practical applications, suitable probability distributions are proposed for the driving jump processes. The paper is concluded by presenting a post-crisis extension of the proposed short and forward rate model.
description: Published at https://doi.org/10.15559/20-VMSTA152 in the Modern Stochastics: Theory and Applications (https://vmsta.org/) by VTeX (http://www.vtex.lt/)
A MULTICROP PRODUCTION MODEL OF IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE, APPLIED TO WATER ALLOCATION POLICY OF THE BUREAU OF RECLAMATION
Creators: name: Moore, Michael R.
name: Negri, Donald H.
name: Moore, Michael R.
name: Negri, Donald H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1992
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Recipients of irrigation water from the Bureau of Reclamation (BuRec) face a future of water conservation. By formally modeling surface water as a fixed, allocatable input to a multioutput firm, this research captures the institutional constraints governing water allocation and , simultaneously, establishes a cohesive approach to analyzing the production effects of BuRec allocation policy. Econometric results show that BuRec-served irrigators' crop supply and land allocation decisions are generally inelastic with respect to the water constraint. Using the elasticities, a policy simulation of a 10% reduction in BuRec water allocation indicates that production response to reduced water supply would affect the national price of three of ten major crops produced by BuRec-served farms.
Electron-Neutrino Bremsstrahlung in Electro-Weak Theory
Creators: name: Bhattacharyya, Indranath
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electron-neutrino bremsstrahlung process has been considered in the framework of electro-weak theory. The scattering cross section has been calculated in the center of mass frame and approximated to extreme relativistic as well as non-relativistic case. The rate of energy-loss via this type of bremsstrahlung process has been obtained both in non-degenerate and degenerate region. The effect of this electron-neutrino bremsstrahlung process in different ranges of temperature and density characterizing the late stages of stellar evolution has been discussed. It is found from our study that this bremsstrahlung process is highly important in the non-degenerate region, although it might have some significant effect in the extreme relativistic degenerate region.
description: 18 pages including 4 figures and 1 table; Published in J. Phys G
ALTERNATIVE MEASURES OF RISK IN COMMODITY SUPPLY MODELS: AN ANALYSIS OF SOW FARROWING DECISIONS IN THE UNITED STATES
Creators: name: Holt, Matthew T.
name: Moschini, GianCarlo
name: Holt, Matthew T.
name: Moschini, GianCarlo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1992
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Production Economics
Risk and Uncertainty

description: The role of price risk in sow farrowings is investigated by using bivariate ARCH-M and GARCH-M models and a nonparametric kernel estimator. To account for the relevant time horizon of irreversible supply decisions, predictions for mean price and conditional price variance are iterated forward. The empirical results vary markedly in terms of their implications for risk response in hog supply decisions, with the ARCH-M and GARCH-M models suggesting a small and negative risk effect. Estimates of the marginal risk premium also indicate moderate and variable departures from marginal cost pricing in sow farrowing supply decisions.
Single jump filtrations and local martingales
Creators: name: Gushchin, Alexander A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A single jump filtration $({\mathscr{F}}_t)_{t\in \mathbb{R}_+}$ generated by a random variable $γ$ with values in $\overline{\mathbb{R}}_+$ on a probability space $(Ω,{\mathscr{F}},\mathsf{P})$ is defined as follows: a set $A\in {\mathscr{F}}$ belongs to ${\mathscr{F}}_t$ if $A\cap \{γ>t\}$ is either $\varnothing$ or $\{γ>t\}$. A process $M$ is proved to be a local martingale with respect to this filtration if and only if it has a representation $M_t=F(t){\mathbb{1}}_{\{t0\}$. This result seems to be new even in a special case that has been studied in the literature, namely, where ${\mathscr{F}}$ is the smallest $σ$-field with respect to which $γ$ is measurable (and then the filtration is the smallest one with respect to which $γ$ is a stopping time). As a consequence, a full description of all local martingales is given and they are classified according to their global behaviour.
description: Published at https://doi.org/10.15559/20-VMSTA153 in the Modern Stochastics: Theory and Applications (https://vmsta.org/) by VTeX (http://www.vtex.lt/)
A Catalogue of Ethiopian Manuscripts Microfilmed for the Ethiopian Manuscript Microfilm Library, Addis Abeba and for the Hill Monastic Manuscript Library, Collegeville. Vol. VII : Project Numbers 2501-3000. (By) Getatchew Haile and William F. Macomber, Collegeville 1983 Vol. VIII: Project Numbers 3001-3500. (By) Getatchew Haile, Collegeville 1985
Creators: name: Kropp, Manfred
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 70 (1986): Oriens christianus, Band 70
HETEROSKEDASTICITY IN CROP YIELD MODELS
Creators: name: Yang, Seung-Ryong
name: Koo, Won W.
name: Wilson, William W.
name: Yang, Seung-Ryong
name: Koo, Won W.
name: Wilson, William W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1992
Subjects: Production Economics
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: This study examines three alternative models of correcting for heteroskedasticity in wheat yield: the time trend variance, the GARCH, and an econometric model that includes the potential sources of heteroskedasticity. Nonnested test results suggest that modeling the sources of heteroskedasticity is the preferred procedure. Including potential sources of heteroskedasticity as explanatory variables removed the heteroskedasticity in the sample wheat yields. The results also suggest that the GARCH specification is a promising model of correcting for heteroskedasticity when the sources cannot be identified. The time trend variance model alone may misspecify the true variance structure.
A visual model for predicting stream response of alluvial gravel-bed rivers
Creators: name: Moscote, Nerissa Yarmilla
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: In this thesis, a visual optimization model, RiverMod, has been developed to predict the channel geometry of alluvial gravel-bed rivers. The model is an extension of a previous model developed by Millar and Quick (1993b). The model is based on equilibrium theory, and also includes a bank stability analysis. The adjustment of the dependent variables of a river reach is quantified according to changes incurred by the independent variables. The primary dependent variables are channel width, depth and slope, and the primary independent variables are the discharge, flow resistance parameters, sediment size distribution and bank stability parameters. RiverMod, written in Visual Basic, provides a user interface that promotes clear and simple model usage for multiple runs with different sediment transport and flow resistance equations. The theory behind the Millar and Quick (1993b) model is discussed, as well as Millar's (2000) meandering-braiding transition and its incorporation into RiverMod. Four sediment transport equations and four flow resistance equations are included as part of the model. The model consists of fixed-channel-slope and variable-channel slope versions. The fixed slope version is equivalent to an experiment where the slope is fixed, and the channel width, depth and sediment transport rate adjust to the discharge. The variable slope version more closely approximates natural stream conditions. Each of these models can be applied to streams with cohesive or non-cohesive bank sediment. The model is applied to two gravel-bed rivers, located in British Columbia. The bank stability of both rivers has been decreased due to logging along the banks. RiverMod is used to quantify the impact of such a disturbance by analyzing past and present channel conditions. Restoration methods are suggested based on model output. This thesis provides a full description of theory underlying the model development and a description of model usage; therefore, this thesis is a complete user manual for the RiverMod optimization model.
AdS pp-waves
Creators: name: Kerimo, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain the pp-waves of D=5 and D=4 gauged supergravities supported by $U(1)^3$ and $U(1)^4$ gauge field strengths respectively. We show that generically these solutions preserve 1/4 of the supersymmetry, but supernumerary supersymmetry can arise for appropriately constrained harmonic functions associated with the pp-waves. In particular it implies that the solutions are independent of the light-cone coordinate $x^+$. We also obtain the pp-waves in the Freedman-Schwarz model.
description: Latex, 19 pages, minor changes, to appear in JHEP
Additional file 7 of Why do hospital prescribers continue antibiotics when it is safe to stop? Results of a choice experiment survey
Creators: name: Roope, Laurence S. J.
name: Buchanan, James
name: Morrell, Liz
name: Pouwels, Koen B.
name: Sivyer, Katy
name: Mowbray, Fiona
name: Abel, Lucy
name: Cross, Elizabeth L. A.
name: Yardley, Lucy
name: Peto, Tim
name: A. Sarah Walker
name: Llewelyn, Martin J.
name: Wordsworth, Sarah
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 7: Continue/Discontinue split across the 15 choice questions. Table S3. Continue/Discontinue split.
Developing a measure of online wellbeing and user trust
Creators: name: Dowthwaite, Liz
name: Vallejos, Elvira Perez
name: Creswick, Helen
name: Portillo, Virginia
name: Patel, Menisha
name: Zhao, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper describes the first stage of the ongoing development of two scales to measure online wellbeing and trust, based on the results of a series of workshops with younger and older adults. The first, the Online Wellbeing Scale includes subscales covering both psychological, or eudaimonic, wellbeing and subjective, or hedonic, wellbeing, as well as digital literacy and online activity; the overall aim is to understand how a user's online experiences affect their wellbeing. The second scale, the Trust Index includes three subscales covering the importance of trust to the user, trusting beliefs, and contextual factors; the aim for this scale is to examine trust in online algorithm-driven systems. The scales will be used together to aid researchers in understanding how trust (or lack of trust) relates to overall wellbeing online. They will also contribute to the development of a suite of tools for empowering users to negotiate issues of trust online, as well as in designing guidelines for the inclusion of trust considerations in the development of online algorithm-driven systems. The next step is to release the prototype scales developed as a result of this pilot in a large online study in to validate the measures.
description: Full paper, 8 pages
Formation of Structure in Molecular Clouds: A Case Study
Creators: name: Heitsch, F.
name: Burkert, A.
name: Hartmann, L.
name: Slyz, A. D.
name: Devriendt, J. E. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular clouds (MCs) are highly structured and ``turbulent''. Colliding gas streams of atomic hydrogen have been suggested as a possible source of MCs, imprinting the filamentary structure as a consequence of dynamical and thermal instabilities. We present a 2D numerical analysis of MC formation via converging HI flows. Even with modest flow speeds and completely uniform inflows, non-linear density perturbations as possible precursors of MCs arise. Thus, we suggest that MCs are inevitably formed with substantial structure, e.g., strong density and velocity fluctuations, which provide the initial conditions for subsequent gravitational collapse and star formation in a variety of galactic and extragalactic environments.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures, resubmitted to ApJL
Prediction in polynomial errors-in-variables models
Creators: name: Kukush, Alexander
name: Senko, Ivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A multivariate errors-in-variables (EIV) model with an intercept term, and a polynomial EIV model are considered. Focus is made on a structural homoskedastic case, where vectors of covariates are i.i.d. and measurement errors are i.i.d. as well. The covariates contaminated with errors are normally distributed and the corresponding classical errors are also assumed normal. In both models, it is shown that (inconsistent) ordinary least squares estimators of regression parameters yield an a.s. approximation to the best prediction of response given the values of observable covariates. Thus, not only in the linear EIV, but in the polynomial EIV models as well, consistent estimators of regression parameters are useless in the prediction problem, provided the size and covariance structure of observation errors for the predicted subject do not differ from those in the data used for the model fitting.
description: Published at https://doi.org/10.15559/20-VMSTA154 in the Modern Stochastics: Theory and Applications (https://vmsta.org/) by VTeX (http://www.vtex.lt/)
Additional file 8 of Why do hospital prescribers continue antibiotics when it is safe to stop? Results of a choice experiment survey
Creators: name: Roope, Laurence S. J.
name: Buchanan, James
name: Morrell, Liz
name: Pouwels, Koen B.
name: Sivyer, Katy
name: Mowbray, Fiona
name: Abel, Lucy
name: Cross, Elizabeth L. A.
name: Yardley, Lucy
name: Peto, Tim
name: A. Sarah Walker
name: Llewelyn, Martin J.
name: Wordsworth, Sarah
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 8: Robustness Analysis: Mixed effects logistic regression analysis. Table S4. Mixed effects logistic regression analysis.
The electrical current effect in phase separated La5/8-yPryCa3/8MnO3: Charge order melting vs. Joule heating
Creators: name: Sacanell, J.
name: Leyva, A. G.
name: Levy, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the effect of electric field on transport properties of the prototypical phase separated manganite La5/8-yPryCa3/8MnO3 with y=0.34. Our results show that the suggested image in which the charge ordered state is melted by the appliance of an electric current and/or voltage has to be revised. We were able to explain the observed resistivity drop in terms of an artifact related to Joule heating and the particular hysteresis that the system under study display, common to many other phase separated manganites.
description: 2 figures. Accepted in J. Appl. Phys
The Canadian Wheat Board in an Open Market: The Impact of Removing the Single-Desk Selling Powers
Creators: name: Fulton, Murray E.
name: Fulton, Murray E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Canadian Wheat Board
subject: CWB
subject: grain
subject: CWB removal
subject: Task Force Report

description: Over the summer and early autumn of 2006, the Government of Canada has indicated its desire to remove the single-desk selling powers of the Canadian Wheat Board (CWB). The purpose of this paper is to explore the impacts of this proposal. The main conclusion of the paper is that it will be very difficult, if not impossible, for the CWB to survive as an organization. Thus, contrary to what the recent task force report by the federal government indicates, the most likely impact of removing the single-desk selling powers is that the CWB will cease to exist. The elimination of the CWB would transform the Canadian grains industry, with the impact of this change felt in virtually every part of the system. The changes that would accompany the loss of the CWB's single-desk selling power would make the Canadian system more and more like that in the United States. It is expected, for instance, that grain company and railroad competition would fall, that producer cars and short line railways would suffer, that the current freight revenue cap would disappear, and that less value would be returned to farmers. Once these changes are made they are irreversible - it would be virtually impossible to go back and restore the system to what is currently in place. The decision to make in a plebiscite. In making this decision, farmers will have to ask themselves, "What is my vision of the grains sector in Canada?"
Simple combinatorial auctions with budget constraints
Creators: name: Voudouris, Alexandros A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study the efficiency of simple combinatorial auctions for the allocation of a set of items to a set of agents, with private subadditive valuation functions and budget constraints. The class we consider includes all auctions that allocate each item independently to the agent that submits the highest bid for it, and requests a payment that depends on the bids of all agents only for this item. Two well-known examples of this class are the simultaneous first and second price auctions. We focus on the pure equilibria of the induced strategic games, and using the liquid welfare as our efficiency benchmark, we show an upper bound of 2 on the price of anarchy for any auction in this class, as well as a tight corresponding lower bound on the price of stability for all auctions whose payment rules are convex combinations of the bids. This implies a tight bound of 2 on the price of stability of the well-known simultaneous first and second price auctions, which are members of the class. Additionally, we show lower bounds for the whole class, for more complex auctions (like VCG), and for settings where the budgets are assumed to be common knowledge rather than private information.
description: Accepted to Theoretical Computer Science
The Need for Direction: The Canadian Grains Sector at a Crossroads
Creators: name: Furtan, William Hartley
name: Furtan, William Hartley
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Family farm
subject: Canada grains sector
subject: Industrial farm model
subject: Industrial farm
subject: Canadian agricultural policy

description: Furtan examines the future of the grain and oilseeds sector in Canada and asks the question: will the family farm continue to exist or will it be supplanted by a corporate structure. The paper outlines the set of policies that would support each of these two very different visions of the grain and oilseeds sector.
Irregular barrier reflected BDSDEs with general jumps under stochastic Lipschitz and linear growth conditions
Creators: name: Marzougue, Mohamed
name: Sagna, Yaya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, a solution is given to reflected backward doubly stochastic differential equations when the barrier is not necessarily right-continuous, and the noise is driven by two independent Brownian motions and an independent Poisson random measure. The existence and uniqueness of the solution is shown, firstly when the coefficients are stochastic Lipschitz, and secondly by weakening the conditions on the stochastic growth coefficient.
description: Published at https://doi.org/10.15559/20-VMSTA155 in the Modern Stochastics: Theory and Applications (https://vmsta.org/) by VTeX (http://www.vtex.lt/)
URBAN EFFECTS ON PARTICIPATION AND WAGES: ARE THERE GENDER DIFFERENCES?
Creators: name: Phimister, Euan
name: Phimister, Euan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: This paper estimates participation and wage equations using panel data from the United Kingdom to explore differences in urban and rural wages and participation by gender. The results suggest a small but economically significant participation premium for urban women relative to rural female workers. Results from the wage estimations suggest that after controlling for sample selectivity, observed and unobserved heterogeneity, the wage premium received by urban women is larger than that obtained by men. Consistent with the hypothesis that poorer matching in less dense labour markets affects rural workers, there is also evidence of higher rural wage depreciation for both men and women, while returns to experience for rural men are also lower than for urban workers.
Additional file 9 of Why do hospital prescribers continue antibiotics when it is safe to stop? Results of a choice experiment survey
Creators: name: Roope, Laurence S. J.
name: Buchanan, James
name: Morrell, Liz
name: Pouwels, Koen B.
name: Sivyer, Katy
name: Mowbray, Fiona
name: Abel, Lucy
name: Cross, Elizabeth L. A.
name: Yardley, Lucy
name: Peto, Tim
name: A. Sarah Walker
name: Llewelyn, Martin J.
name: Wordsworth, Sarah
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 9: Association of choices with respondent characteristics. Table S5. Ordered Probit Models of Continuing Antibiotics.
Visualising the Vertical Energetic Landscape in Organic Photovoltaics
Creators: name: Lami, Vincent
name: Weu, Andreas
name: Zhang, Jiangbin
name: Chen, Yongsheng
name: Fei, Zhuping
name: Heeney, Martin
name: Friend, Richard H.
name: Vaynzof, Yana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Energy level diagrams in organic electronic devices play a crucial role in device performance and interpretation of device physics. In the case of organic solar cells, it has become routine to estimate the photovoltaic gap of the donor:acceptor blend using the energy values measured on the individual blend components, resulting in a poor agreement with the corresponding open-circuit voltage of the device. To address this issue, we developed a method that allows a direct visualisation of the vertical energetic landscape in the blend, obtained by combining ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy and argon cluster etching. We investigate both model and high-performance photovoltaic systems and demonstrate that the resulting photovoltaic gaps are in close agreement with the measured CT energies and open-circuit voltages. Furthermore, we show that this method allows us to study the evolution of the energetic landscape upon environmental degradation, critically important for understanding degradation mechanisms and development of mitigation strategies.
The HI Properties and Environment of Lyman-alpha Absorbers
Creators: name: Rosenberg, J. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results from two projects in which we have used the HI 21cm emission line as a tracer of gas-rich galaxy populations in the vicinity of Lyman-alpha absorbers. In the first case, we examine the HI environment of SBS 1543+593, the nearest damped Lyman-alpha absorber. We use a VLA map of the region around this LSB galaxy which itself shows an extended HI disk to identify 3 gas rich neighbors within 185 kpc. While it is not clear whether we should expect local damped Lyman-alpha systems to reside in such gas-rich regions, we would expect this kind of environment to be more prevalent at higher redshifts where less of the gas is in the dense inner regions of galaxies or has been consumed by star formation. This local galaxy is the only system in which we can study the gaseous environment in this kind of detail. In the second case, we examine the HI environment surrounding 16 Lyman-alpha forest absorbers along 4 QSO sightlines. We do not detect any gas-rich galaxies at the absorber positions indicating that, at least down to our sensitivity limits, these absorption lines do not seem to be associated with galaxy halos. For half of the Lyman-alpha absorption systems there is a galaxy within 500 kpc, but for the other half there is not. In two cases there is no galaxy within 2 Mpc of the Lyman-alpha absorption systems indicating that absorbers do, in some cases, reside in voids.
description: 6 pages to appear in proceedings of IAU Colloquium No. 199, 2005, ``Probing Galaxies through Quasar Absorption Lines'', P.R. Williams, C. Shu, B. Menard, eds
Distance from fractional Brownian motion with associated Hurst index $0
Creators: name: Banna, Oksana
name: Buryak, Filipp
name: Mishura, Yuliya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We find the best approximation of the fractional Brownian motion with the Hurst index $H\in (0,1/2)$ by Gaussian martingales of the form $\int _0^ts^γdW_s$, where $W$ is a Wiener process, $γ>0$.
description: Published at https://doi.org/10.15559/20-VMSTA156 in the Modern Stochastics: Theory and Applications (https://vmsta.org/) by VTeX (http://www.vtex.lt/)