cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of sparse Boolean networks with multi-node and self-interactions
Creators: name: Hurry, Christian John
name: Mozeika, Alexander
name: Annibale, Alessia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse the equilibrium behaviour and non-equilibrium dynamics of sparse Boolean networks with self-interactions that evolve according to synchronous Glauber dynamics. Equilibrium analysis is achieved via a novel application of the cavity method to the temperature-dependent pseudo-Hamiltonian that characterises the equilibrium state of systems with parallel dynamics. Similarly, the non-equilibrium dynamics can be analysed by using the dynamical version of the cavity method. It is well known, however, that when self-interactions are present, direct application of the dynamical cavity method is cumbersome, due to the presence of strong memory effects, which prevent explicit analysis of the dynamics beyond a few time steps. To overcome this difficulty, we show that it is possible to map a system of $N$ variables to an equivalent bipartite system of $2N$ variables, for which the dynamical cavity method can be used under the usual one time approximation scheme. This substantial technical advancement allows for the study of transient and long-time behaviour of systems with self-interactions. Finally, we study the dynamics of systems with multi-node interactions, recently used to model gene regulatory networks, by mapping this to a bipartite system of Boolean variables with 2-body interactions. We show that when interactions have a degree of bidirectionality such systems are able to support a multiplicity of diverse attractors, an important requirement for a gene-regulatory network to sustain multi-cellular life.
description: 39 pages, 11 figures,
A Boson-Fermion theory that goes beyond the BCS approximations for superconductors
Creators: name: Chávez, I.
name: Salas, P.
name: Solís, M. A.
name: de Llano, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A detailed analysis is given of the effects of common and recurring approximations used in conventional superconductivity theories on the condensation energy values, whose magnitudes are notoriously smaller than those of other energies as the superconducting energy gap and the chemical potential. These approximations come from using the density of states $N(ε)$ and the chemical potential $μ(T)$ either constant or temperature-dependent, respectively. We use these approximations, a total of three, to calculate the critical temperature $T_{c}$, the superconductor energy gap $Δ(T)$, the chemical potential $μ(T)$ and the thermodynamic potential $Ω(T)$ which are needed to obtain the condensation energy, and compare them with the exact case, i.e., where no approximations are used. To do this, we use a ternary Boson-Fermion theory of superconductivity composed of unbound electrons (or holes) as fermions plus two-electron and two-hole Cooper pairs, both as bosons. Although all these approximations lead to reasonable values of $T_{c}$ and $Δ(T)$, the resulting thermodynamic and chemical potentials are quite different, so that the condensation energy value could be incorrect. However, when $N(ε)$ and $μ(T)$ variables are used, together with a correct physical interpretation of the condensation energy as the sum of the thermodynamic and chemical potential differences, it leads to a better agreement with reported experimental data, compared to the one obtained when taking them as constants, particularly so for low temperatures.
description: 10 pages, 11 figures
Trojan asteroids and co-orbital dust ring of Venus
Creators: name: Xu, Yang-Bo
name: Zhou, Lei
name: Lhotka, Christoph
name: Zhou, Li-Yong
name: Ip, Wing-Huen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The long-standing co-orbital asteroids have been thought to be the possible source of zodiacal dust ring around the orbit of Venus, but inconsistent conclusions on the orbital stability thus existence of Venus Trojans are found in literature. We present in this paper a systematic survey of the orbital stability of Venus Trojans, taking into account the dynamical influences from the general relativity and the Yarkovsky effect. The orbits of thousands of fictitious Venus Trojans are numerically simulated. Using the method of frequency analysis, their orbital stabilities and the dynamical mechanisms behind are described in detail. The influences of general relativity and of Yarkovsky effect, which were either neglected or oversimplified previously, are investigated by long-term numerical simulations. The stability maps on the $(a_0,i_0)$ plane and $(a_0,e_0)$ plane are depicted, and the most stable Venus Trojans are found to occupy the low-inclination horseshoe orbits with low eccentricities. The resonances that carve the fine structures in the stability map are determined. The general relativity decreases the stability of orbits by little but the Yarkovsky effect may drive nearly all Venus Trojans out of the Trojan region in a relatively short time. The Venus Trojans have poor orbital stability and cannot survive the age of the Solar system. The zodiacal dust ring found around the orbit of Venus is more likely a sporadic phenomenon, as the result of temporarily capture into the 1:1 mean motion resonance of dust particles produced probably from passing comets or asteroids, but not Venus Trojans.
description: To appear in Astronomy & Astrophysics, 10 pages, 9 figures
Electrically Tunable Topological State in [111] Perovskite Materials with Antiferromagnetic Exchange Field
Creators: name: Liang, Qi-Feng
name: Wu, Long-Hua
name: Hu, Xiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A topological state with simultaneous nonzero Chern number and spin Chern number is possible for electrons on honeycomb lattice based on band engineering by staggered electric potential and antiferromagnetic exchange field in presence of intrinsic spin-orbit coupling. With first principles calculation we confirm that the scheme can be realized by material modification in perovskite G-type antiferromagnetic insulators grown along [111] direction, where d electrons hop on a single buckled honeycomb lattice. This material is ideal for spintronics applications, since it provides a spin-polarized quantized edge current, robust to both nonmagnetic and magnetic defects, with the spin polarization tunable by inverting electric field.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Improved White Dwarves Constraints on Inelastic Dark Matter and Left-Right Symmetric Models
Creators: name: Biswas, Anirban
name: Kar, Arpan
name: Kim, Hyomin
name: Scopel, Stefano
name: Velasco-Sevilla, Liliana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: WIMPs can be captured in compact stars such as white dwarves (WDs) leading to an increase in the star luminosity through their annihilation process. We show that when the WIMP interacts with the nuclear targets within the WD through inelastic scattering and its mass exceeds a few tens GeV the data on low-temperature large-mass WDs in the Messier 4 globular cluster can probe values of the mass splitting $δ\lesssim$ 40 MeV. Such value largely exceeds those ensuing from direct detection and from solar neutrino searches. We apply such improved constraint to the specific DM scenario of a self-conjugate bi-doublet in the Left-Right Symmetric Model (LRSM), where the standard $SU(2)_L$ group with coupling $g_L$ is extended by an additional $SU(2)_R$ with coupling $g_R$. We show that bounds from WDs significantly reduce the cosmologically viable parameter space of such scenario, in particular requiring $g_R>g_L$. For instance, for $g_R/g_L$ = 1.8 we find the two viable mass ranges 1.2 TeV $\lesssim m_χ\lesssim$ 3 TeV and 5 TeV $\lesssim m_χ\lesssim$ 10 TeV, when the charged $SU(2)_R$ gauge boson mass $M_{W_2}$ is lighter than $\simeq$ 12 TeV. We also discuss the ultraviolet completion of the LRSM model, when the latter is embedded in a Grand Unified Theory. We show that such low-energy parameter space and compatibility to proton-decay bounds require a non-trivial extension of the particle content of the minimal model. We provide a specific example where $M_{W_2}\lesssim$ 10 TeV is achieved by extending the LRSM at high energy with color triplets that are singlets under all other groups, and $g_R/g_L>$1 is obtained by introducing $SU(2)_L$ triplets with no $SU(2)_R$ counterparts, i.e. by breaking the symmetry between the multiplets of $SU(2)_L$ and $SU(2)_R$.
description: 33 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables. Updated to published version
Evidence for length-dependent wire expansion, filament dedensification and consequent degradation of critical current density in Ag-alloy sheathed Bi-2212 wires
Creators: name: Malagoli, A
name: Lee, P J
name: Ghosh, A K
name: Scheuerlein, C
name: Di Michiel, M
name: Jiang, J
name: Trociewitz, U P
name: Hellstrom, E E
name: Larbalestier, D C
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well known that longer Bi-2212 conductors have significantly lower critical current density (Jc) than shorter ones, and recently it has become clear that a major cause of this reduction is internal gas pressure generated during heat treatment, which expands the wire diameter and dedensifies the Bi-2212 filaments. Here we report on the length-dependent expansion of 5 to 240 cm lengths of state-of-the-art, commercial Ag alloy-sheathed Bi-2212 wire after full and some partial heat treatments. Detailed image analysis along the wire length shows that the wire diameter increases with distance from the ends, longer samples often showing evident damage and leaks provoked by the internal gas pressure. Comparison of heat treatments carried out just below the melting point and with the usual melt process makes it clear that melting is crucial to developing high internal pressure. The decay of Jc away from the ends is directly correlated to the local wire diameter increase, which decreases the local Bi-2212 filament mass density and lowers Jc, often by well over 50%. It is clear that control of the internal gas pressure is crucial to attaining the full Jc of these very promising round wires and that the very variable properties of Bi-2212 wires are due to the fact that this internal gas pressure has so far not been well controlled.
Inference of neutrino nature and Majorana CP phases from $0νββ$ decays with inverted mass ordering
Creators: name: Huang, Guo-yuan
name: Nath, Newton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Whether the neutrino mass ordering is normal or inverted remains an experimentally open issue in neutrino physics. The knowledge of neutrino mass ordering has great importance for neutrinoless double-beta ($ 0νββ$) decay experiments, which can establish the nature of massive neutrinos, i.e., whether they are Dirac or Majorana fermions. Recently, the KamLAND-Zen 800 measurement has reached for the first time the parameter space of the inverted ordering with a vanishing lightest neutrino mass. By assuming the inverted ordering, we attempt to derive the physical information of the neutrino nature and Majorana CP phases from a negative or positive observation of $ 0νββ$ decays in the near future. Moreover, the possibility of extracting the nuclear matrix element in the case of a positive observation is also examined. To avoid the ambiguity from unknown priors of neutrino masses, we adopt the maximum likelihood method instead of the Bayesian approach usually considered in previous works.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures, version published in EPJC
Gene’s association with coronary stent stenosis after drug eluting stent: mini-review
Creators: name: Rajaa Mansouri
name: Habbal Rachida
name: Tazzite, Amal
name: HIND DEHBI
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetic Phenomena
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Medical Sciences
subject: Public Health
subject: Medical Genetics
subject: Biological Phenomena, Cell Phenomena, and Immunity

description: This study aims to evaluate the impact of genetics on in-stent restenosis in arteries following the use of drug-eluting stents. The interest in this research stems from statistical data indicating the persistence of late in-stent stenosis, even after the introduction of second and third-generation drug-eluting stents. Although their prevalence has been reduced, late in-stent restenosis remains a major complication following percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. The dysregulation of specific genetic components may significantly affect the healing process of arteries. By investigating these genes, we can enhance our understanding of personalized medicine.
0-Hecke algebras of the symmetric groups: centers and modules associated to quasisymmetric Schur functions
Creators: name: König, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Hannover : Institutionelles Repositorium der Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 0-Hecke algebra
subject: center
subject: quasisymmetric Schur function
subject: composition tableau
subject: 0-Hecke Algebra
subject: Zentrum
subject: quasisymmetrische Schurfunktion
subject: Kompositionstableau
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::510 | Mathematik

description: We consider two aspects of 0-Hecke algebras of symmetric groups: their centers and modules associated to quasisymmetric Schur functions. Tewari and van Willigenburg constructed 0-Hecke modules that are mapped to the skew quasisymmetric Schur functions by the quasisymmetric characteristic. These include straight modules that correspond to the ordinary quasisymmetric Schur functions of Haglund, Luoto, Mason and van Willigenburg. The modules admit a natural direct sum decomposition. We study the summands and provide combinatorial rules for their tops and socles. Moreover, we show that they are indecomposable in the straight case. This is a difference to the general skew case where the summands can be decomposable. For a certain kind of skew modules, we describe a decomposition into indecomposable projective submodules. Vector space bases of the centers of the 0-Hecke algebras of the symmetric groups were described by He. These bases are indexed by certain equivalence classes of permutations whose explicit description is rather complicated. Even their number is not obvious. Building on work of Geck, Kim and Pfeiffer we obtain a set of representatives. This leads to a parametrization of the equivalence classes by certain compositions called maximal. Moreover, we develop an explicit combinatorial description for the equivalence classes indexed by maximal compositions whose odd parts form a hook. We infer that except for the identity the elements of He’s basis corresponding to these equivalence classes annihilate all simple 0-Hecke modules belonging to the nontrivial block of their 0-Hecke algebra.
VDatum Spatially Varying Uncertainty in Northeast Gulf of Mexico
Creators: name: Tank, Liujuan (Rachel)
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Update tidal model to reflect new information (bathymetry, coastline, tide stations, ICWWs) as best possible.

Apply Spatially Varying Uncertainty (SVU) method (Shi & Myers, 2016) to the  tide  model results.

SVU will be provided to VDatum team to help with decision-making on optimal placement of new tide stations to reduce uncertainty in VDatum products in the Gulf of Mexico.
title: Jörg Garms: Vedute di Roma
Creators: name: Krüger, Jürgen
Publisher: name: University Library Heidelberg
Year: 2016

description: Rezension zu: Jörg Garms: Vedute di Roma. Dal Medioevo all'Ottocento. Atlante iconografico, topografico, architettonico; 2 Bde. Neapel: Electa Napoli 1995; Bd. 1: 223 S., 113 Farbabb.; Bd. 2: ca. 1000 SW-Abb. auf 557 S.; ohne ISBN
A nonlinear effective slip interface law for transport phenomena between a fracture flow and a porous medium
Creators: name: Marciniak-Czochra, Anna
name: Mikelic, Andro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present modeling of an incompressible viscous flow through a fracture adjacent to a porous medium. We consider a fast stationary flow, predominantly tangential to the porous medium. Slow flow in such setting can be described by the Beavers-Joseph-Saffman slip. For fast flows, a nonlinear filtration law in the porous medium and a non- linear interface law are expected. In this paper we rigorously derive a quadratic effective slip interface law which holds for a range of Reynolds numbers and fracture widths. The porous medium flow is described by the Darcys law. The result shows that the interface slip law can be nonlinear, independently of the regime for the bulk flow. Since most of the interface and boundary slip laws are obtained via upscaling of complex systems, the result indicates that studying the inviscid limits for the Navier-Stokes equations with linear slip law at the boundary should be rethought.
Four-field Hamiltonian fluid closures of the one-dimensional Vlasov-Poisson equation
Creators: name: Chandre, Cristel
name: Shadwick, Bradley A
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a reduced dynamics for the first four fluid moments of the onedimensional Vlasov-Poisson equation, namely, the fluid density, fluid velocity, pressure and heat flux. This dynamics depends on an equation of state to close the system. This equation of state (closure) connects the fifth order moment-related to the kurtosis in velocity of the Vlasov distribution-with the first four moments. By solving the Jacobi identity, we derive an equation of state which ensures that the resulting reduced fluid model is Hamiltonian. We show that this Hamiltonian closure allows symmetric homogeneous equilibria of the reduced fluid model to be stable.
Molecular mechanism of actin filament elongation by Ena/VASP proteins
Creators: name: Breitsprecher, Dennis
Publisher: name: Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Actin cytoskeleton
subject: TIRF-microscopy
subject: elongation factor
subject: Aktin-Zytoskelett
subject: TIRF-Mikroskopie
subject: Elongationsfaktor
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::540 | Chemie

description: [no abstract]
Novel Cosmological Tests from Combining Galaxy Lensing and the Polarized Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect
Creators: name: Philcox, Oliver H. E.
name: Johnson, Matthew C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The polarized Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (pSZ) effect is sourced by the Thomson scattering of CMB photons from distant free electrons and yields a novel view of the CMB quadrupole throughout the observable Universe. Galaxy shear measures the shape distortions of galaxies, probing both their local environment and the intervening matter distribution. Both observables give interesting constraints on the cosmological model; here we ask: what can be learnt from their combination? The pSZ-shear cross-spectrum measures the shear-galaxy-polarization bispectrum and contains contributions from (1) the Sachs-Wolfe (SW) effect, (2) the integrated Sachs-Wolfe (ISW) effect, and (3) inflationary gravitational waves. Since the modes contributing to the pSZ signal are not restricted to the Earth's past lightcone, the low-redshift cross-spectra could provide a novel constraint on dark energy via the ISW effect, whilst the SW signal couples scalar modes at very different times but at similar positions; this provides a unique probe of the Universe's homogeneous time evolution. We give expressions for all major contributions to the shear, galaxy, and pSZ auto- and cross-spectra, and evaluate their detectability via Fisher forecasts. Despite significant theoretical utility, the cross-spectra will be challenging to detect: combining CMB-S4 with Rubin yields a $1.6σ$ detection of the ISW contribution, which increases to $5.2σ$ for a futuristic experiment involving CMB-HD and a higher galaxy sample density. For parity-even (parity-odd) tensors, we predict a $1σ$ limit of $σ(r) = 0.9$ ($0.2$) for CMB-S4 and Rubin, or $0.3$ ($0.06$) for the more futuristic setup. Whilst this is significantly better than the constraints from galaxy shear alone (and less sensitive to systematics), it is unlikely to be competitive, but may serve as a useful cross-check.
description: 15+5 pages, accepted by Phys. Rev. D. Code available at https://github.com/oliverphilcox/pSZ-cross-Shear
Network-level dynamics of diffusively coupled cells
Creators: name: Waldherr, Steffen
name: Allgöwer, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study molecular dynamics within populations of diffusively coupled cells under the assumption of fast diffusive exchange. As a technical tool, we propose conditions on boundedness and ultimate boundedness for systems with a singular perturbation, which extend the classical asymptotic stability results for singularly perturbed systems. Based on these results, we show that with common models of intracellular dynamics, the cell population is coordinated in the sense that all cells converge close to a common equilibrium point. We then study a more specific example of coupled cells which behave as bistable switches, where the intracellular dynamics are such that cells may be in one of two equilibrium points. Here, we find that the whole population is bistable in the sense that it converges to a population state where either all cells are close to the one equilibrium point, or all cells are close to the other equilibrium point. Finally, we discuss applications of these results for the robustness of cellular decision making in coupled populations.
Divulgación astronómica sin pantallas: ¡se puede!
Creators: name: Ceballos-Merino, M. Teresa
name: Ovejero-Bermúdez, Víctor
name: Cardiel, Nicolás
name: Carrera, Francisco J.
name: Martínez-Núñez, Silvia
name: Domínguez, Rosa María
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Extragalactic astronomy
subject: outreach

description: El departamento de Difusión del Instituto de Física de Cantabria, CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria, España, abre sus puertas a escolares una vez al mes para mostrarle nuestras investigaciones e instalaciones. Además, el IFCA ofrece sesiones de mentoría para niñas en STEM y conmemora ocasiones especiales relacionadas con la ciencia con el público en general.

Para ilustrar nuestras investigaciones y atraer a los visitantes con la astronomía, hemos creado varias maquetas, que incluyen un modelo a escala de un observatorio espacial de rayos X,  una representación de un agujero negro y un modelo del cohete Apollo 11 usando LEGO. Estos modelos sirven como valiosas herramientas para simplificar conceptos astronómicos complejos y hacer que la ciencia sea accesible para todos. Complementando estos modelos, y aprovechando periodos formativos en prácticas de la UC, hemos desarrollando una serie de carteles informativos en varios idiomas, diseñados para ser fácilmente comprensibles para no expertos. Estos carteles, que forman parte de nuestra exposición permanente, también incorporan una perspectiva de género al resaltar las contribuciones de las astrónomas en campos científicos relevantes.

Presentamos aquí tres carteles iniciales:

1. Descripción de los componentes de un agujero negro (tal como se recogen en la maqueta) y datos interesantes sobre estos fenómenos cósmicos.2. Nuestro conocimiento actual de las galaxias activas como anfitrionas de agujeros negros activos.3. Detalles sobre la herramienta de ciencia ciudadana CLAXSON para la clasificación de galaxias, utilizada en nuestras actividades de STEM y en la Clases Magistral de Astrofísica IFCA-IRAP.
description: Estos carteles han sido subvencionados por las Ayudas a la Divulgación de la Sociedad Española de Astronomía y están disponibles bajo la licencia Creative Commons CC-BY para maximizar su alcance e impacto. Además están accesibles desde el portal web del proyecto Horizon 2020 EU XMM2Athena.
Deep-Subwavelength Spatial Characterization of Angular Emission from Single-Crystal Au Plasmonic Ridge Nanoantennas
Creators: name: Coenen, Toon
name: Vesseur, Ernst Jan R.
name: Polman, Albert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use spatially and angle-resolved cathodoluminescence imaging spectroscopy to study, with deep subwavelength resolution, the radiation mechanism of single plasmonic ridge antennas with lengths ranging from 100 to 2000 nm. We measure the antenna's standing wave resonances up to the fifth order and measure the dispersion of the strongly confined guided plasmon mode. By directly detecting the emitted antenna radiation with a 2D CCD camera we are able to measure the angular emission patterns associated with each individual antenna resonance. We demonstrate that the shortest ridges can be modeled as a single point dipole emitter oriented either upward (m=0) or in-plane (m=1). The far-field emission pattern for longer antennas (m>2) is well described by two interfering in-plane point dipoles at the end facets giving rise to an angular fringe pattern, where the number of fringes increases as the antenna becomes longer. Taking advantage of the deep subwavelength excitation resolution of the cathodoluminescence technique, we are able to determine the antenna radiation pattern as function of excitation position. By including the phase of the radiating dipoles into our simple dipole model we completely reproduce this effect. This work demonstrates how angle-resolved cathodoluminescence spectroscopy can be used to fully determine the emission properties of subwavelength ridge antennas, which ultimately can be used for the design of more complex and efficient antenna structures.
description: 25 pages, 7 figures
Molecular mechanisms of root hair growth induced by Pi deficiency in Brassica carinata
Creators: name: Bremer, Melanie
Publisher: name: Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Root hair
subject: Pi deficiency
subject: Pi efficiency
subject: Wurzelhaare
subject: Pi Mangel
subject: Pi Effizienz
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: [no abstract]
demoralization and the stability of personality traits
Creators: name: Flisar, Ajda
name: Hopwood, Chris
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Quantitative Psychology
subject: Personality and Social Contexts
subject: Clinical Psychology
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: five factor model
subject: big five
subject: demoralization
subject: personality disorder
subject: NEO-PI-R
subject: Neuroticism
subject: personality
subject: depression
subject: stability
subject: CLPS

description: This study will examine the impact of demoralization on the differential and absolute stability of NEO-PI-R personality trait domains in the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorder Study from baseline to six months and six months to four years.
On non-minimal coupling of the inflaton
Creators: name: Mahajan, Namit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The non-minimal coupling of the inflaton to gravity, $ξRϕ^2$, is known to alleviate the smallness (fine-tuning) of the quartic coupling $λ$ in the chaotic inflation with $ϕ^4$ potential. A large $ξ$ is required to obtain the correct CMB power spectrum while we find that a small value $\sim 1/6$ seems to be preferred from spectral index. There are issues related to conformal transformations, choice of frame and natural value(s) of $ξ$ for a given potential. We revisit some of these issues and invoke certain field theoretic arguments in order to address the same. A rather strong and general conclusion reached, based on the requirements of renormalizability and finiteness of specific matrix elements in a quantum theory, is that it is generically not possible to eliminate the non-minimal coupling by going from the Jordan to the Einstein frame via conformal transformations. We also comment on Higgs inflation.
description: 10 pages
The DeWitt Equation in Quantum Field Theory
Creators: name: Dutta, Parikshit
name: Meissner, Krzysztof A.
name: Nicolai, Hermann
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We take a new look at the DeWitt equation, a defining equation for the effective action functional in quantum field theory. We present a formal solution to this equation, and discuss the equation in various contexts, and in particular for models where it can be made completely well defined, such as the Wess-Zumino model in two dimensions.
description: 26 pages
The Dark Dimension, the Swampland, and the Dark Matter Fraction Composed of Primordial Black Holes
Creators: name: Anchordoqui, Luis
name: Antoniadis, Ignatios
name: Lust, Dieter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Very recently, it was suggested that combining the Swampland program with the smallness of the dark energy and confronting these ideas to experiment lead to the prediction of the existence of a single extra-dimension (dubbed the dark dimension) with characteristic length-scale in the micron range. We show that the rate of Hawking radiation slows down for black holes perceiving the dark dimension and discuss the impact of our findings in assessing the dark matter fraction that could be composed of primordial black holes. We demonstrate that for a species scale of ${\cal O}(10^{10}~{\rm GeV})$, an all-dark-matter interpretation in terms of primordial black holes should be feasible for masses in the range $10^{14} \leq M_{BH}/{\rm g}\leq 10^{21}$. This range is extended compared to that in the 4D theory by 3 orders of magnitude in the low mass region. We also show that PBHs with $M_{\rm BH} \sim 10^{12}~{\rm g}$ could potentially explain the well-known Galactic 511 keV gamma-ray line if they make up a tiny fraction of the total dark matter density.
description: 16 pages, 2 figures, v3 agrees with the published version and contains one additional figure
Orthogonal polynomials generated by a linear structure relation: Inverse problem
Creators: name: Alfaro, M.
name: Peña, A.
name: Petronilho, J.
name: Rezola, M. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 42C05, 33C45

description: Let $(P_n)_n$ and $(Q_n)_n$ be two sequences of monic polynomials linked by a type structure relation such as $$ Q_{n}(x)+r_nQ_{n-1}(x)=P_{n}(x)+s_nP_{n-1}(x)+t_nP_{n-2}(x)\;, $$ where $(r_n)_n$, $(s_n)_n$ and $(t_n)_n$ are sequences of complex numbers. First, we state necessary and sufficient conditions on the parameters such that the above relation becomes non-degenerate when both sequences $(P_n)_n$ and $(Q_n)_n$ are orthogonal with respect to regular moment linear functionals ${\bf u}$ and ${\bf v}$, respectively. Second, assuming that the above relation is non-degenerate and $(P_n)_n$ is an orthogonal sequence, we obtain a characterization for the orthogonality of the sequence $(Q_n)_n$ in terms of the coefficients of the polynomials $Φ$ and $Ψ$ which appear in the rational transformation (in the distributional sense) $Φ{\bf u}=Ψ{\bf v}\; .$ Some illustrative examples of the developed theory are presented.
USACE's Coastal Storm Modeling System Large Scale Applications
Creators: name: Owensby, Margaret
name: Ding, Yan
name: Massey, Chris
name: Cialone, Mary
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Application of high-resolution, highly skilled numerical models in a tightly integrated modeling system with user friendly interfaces provides for a robust, standardized approach to model coupling. Used for establishing the risk of coastal communities to future occurrences of storm events.
Development of Return Period Stillwater Floodplains under the Coastal Dynamics of Sea Level Rise across the norther Gulf of Mexico
Creators: name: Hagen, Scott C.
name: Bilskie, Matthew V.
name: Del Angel, Diana C.
name: Yoskowitz, David
name: Irish, Jennifer L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Hurricane storm surges can cause catastrophic damages.
Hurricanes Katrina (2005); Ike (2008); Irene (2011); Sandy (2012);Harvey, Irma, Maria and Nate (2017).
40% of the US population (130 million) live in coastal counties [NOAA 2013].
3% of the US population (9.6 million) live in the 1% annual chance flood hazard (100-year floodplain) [Crowell et al. 2010].
Coastal flooding and related damage is expected to magnify into the future.
New assessments of flood probabilities, such as the 1% annual chance flood delineation, are needed [Tebaldi et al. 2012].
Flood Risk = Probability * Consequence [Cardona et al., 2012]
1% annual chance floodplain: A flood with a 1% annual chance of being met or exceeded in any given year.
KOI-142, the King of Transit Variations, is a Pair of Planets near the 2:1 Resonance
Creators: name: Nesvorny, David
name: Kipping, David
name: Terrell, Dirk
name: Hartman, Joel
name: Bakos, Gaspar A.
name: Buchhave, Lars A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Transit Timing Variations (TTVs) can be used as a diagnostic of gravitational interactions between planets in a multi-planet system. Many Kepler Objects of Interest (KOIs) exhibit significant TTVs, but KOI-142.01 stands out among them with an unrivaled, 12-hour TTV amplitude. Here we report a thorough analysis of KOI-142.01's transits. We discover periodic Transit Duration Variations (TDVs) of KOI-142.01 that are nearly in phase with the observed TTVs. We show that KOI-142.01's TTVs and TDVs uniquely detect a non-transiting companion with a mass 0.7 that of Jupiter (KOI-142c). KOI-142.01's mass inferred from the transit variations is consistent with the measured transit depth, suggesting a Neptune class planet (KOI-142b). The orbital period ratio P_c/P_b=2.03 indicates that the two planets are just wide of the 2:1 resonance. The present dynamics of this system, characterized here in detail, can be used to test various formation theories that have been proposed to explain the near-resonant pairs of exoplanets.
Symmetry-Based Singlet-Triplet Excitation in Solution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Creators: name: Sabba, Mohamed
name: Wili, Nino
name: Bengs, Christian
name: Brown, Lynda J.
name: Levitt, Malcolm H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coupled pairs of spin-1/2 nuclei support one singlet state and three triplet states. In many circumstances the nuclear singlet order, defined as the difference between the singlet population and the mean of the triplet populations, is a long-lived state which persists for a relatively long time in solution. Various methods have been proposed for generating singlet order, starting from nuclear magnetization. This requires the stimulation of singlet-to-triplet transitions by modulated radiofrequency fields. We show that a recently described pulse sequence, known as PulsePol (Schwartz $\textit{et al.}$, Science Advances, $\textbf{4}$, eaat8978 (2018) and arXiv:1710.01508), is an efficient technique for converting magnetization into long-lived singlet order. We show that the operation of this pulse sequence may be understood by adapting the theory of symmetry-based recoupling sequences in magic-angle-spinning solid-state NMR. The concept of riffling allows PulsePol to be interpreted using the theory of symmetry-based pulse sequences, and explains its robustness. This theory is used to derive a range of new pulse sequences for performing singlet-triplet excitation and conversion in solution NMR. Schemes for further enhancing the robustness of the transformations are demonstrated.
description: 30 pages, 17 figures (9 in main text; 8 in SI). Submitted to JCP on 14/06/22
The Nuclear Equation of State and Neutron Star Masses
Creators: name: Lattimer, James M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutron stars are valuable laboratories for the study of dense matter. Recent observations have uncovered both massive and low-mass neutron stars and have also set constraints on neutron star radii. The largest mass measurements are powerfully influencing the high-density equation of state because of the existence of the neutron star maximum mass. The smallest mass measurements, and the distributions of masses, have implications for the progenitors and formation mechanisms of neutron stars. The ensemble of mass and radius observations can realistically restrict the properties of dense matter, and, in particular, the behavior of the nuclear symmetry energy near the nuclear saturation density. Simultaneously, various nuclear experiments are progressively restricting the ranges of parameters describing the symmetry properties of the nuclear equation of state. In addition, new theoretical studies of pure neutron matter are providing insights. These observational, experimental and theoretical constraints of dense matter, when combined, are now revealing a remarkable convergence.
description: 61 pages including 13 figures
Understanding anomalous particle production in massless QED via time-varying $θ$ angle
Creators: name: Hamada, Yu
name: Kitano, Ryuichiro
name: Matsudo, Ryutaro
name: Mukaida, Kyohei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Maxwell equations imply that, under the background of non-zero $\boldsymbol{B}$, varying $θ$ term produces $\boldsymbol{E} \cdot \boldsymbol{B}$. An interesting example is the Witten effect where a magnetic monopole becomes a dyon which, however, should disappear in the exact massless limit of the fermion. Underlying mechanism of this phenomenon has been understood by Callan by the presence of an effective axion-like degree of freedom around the monopole, which is roughly the phase of the fermions. The configuration of this axion cancels the effect of the $θ$ term. Now, the chiral anomaly implies that non-vanishing $\boldsymbol{E} \cdot \boldsymbol{B}$ induces the chiral charge in the system. The question is whether the chiral charge is generated in the massless limit when we take into account the axion-like degree of freedom in the discussion. The discussion is relevant for the mechanism of baryogenesis under the background of time-dependent $θ$. We solve the system of the massless QED with time dependent $θ$ by reducing it to the two-dimensional QED. We demonstrate the occurrence of chiral charge generation in the background of static magnetic field for two cases: a magnetic monopole and a uniform magnetic flux. For the monopole case, the chiral charge comes out from the monopole while canceling the Witten effect. For the case of the uniform flux, on the other hand, the effect of the backreaction cannot be ignored, giving a more non-trivial time dependence. We also discuss their implications on baryogenesis.
description: 33 pages, 2 figures
Light Curve Models for SN 2009dc
Creators: name: Kamiya, Yasuomi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Simplified explosion models of super-Chandrasekhar-mass C-O white dwarfs (WDs) are constructed with parameters such as WD mass and Ni-56 mass. Their light curves are obtained by solving one-dimensional equations of radiation hydrodynamics, and compared with the observations of SN 2009dc, one of the overluminous Type Ia supernovae, to estimate its properties. As a result, the progenitor of SN 2009dc is suggested to be a 2.2- to 2.4-solar-mass C-O WD with 1.2 to 1.4 solar masses of Ni-56, if the extinction by its host galaxy is negligible.
description: 2 pages, 1 figure, published in the Proceedings of the IAU Symposium No. 281 "Binary Paths to Type Ia Supernova Explosions" held in Padova (July 4-8, 2011)
Schockgefrierbasierte Herstellung und Charakterisierung von aus Nanopartikeln bestehenden Gelmaterialien mit variabler Netzwerkstruktur
Creators: name: Müller, Dennis
Publisher: name: Hannover : Institutionelles Repositorium der Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: noble metal cryoaerogels
subject: aerogel coatings
subject: microstructures
subject: electrocatalysis
subject: cryohydrogels
subject: Edelmetallcryoaerogele
subject: Aerogelbeschichtungen
subject: Mikrostrukturen
subject: Elektrokatalyse
subject: Cryohydrogele
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::540 | Chemie

description: In dieser Doktorarbeit wurden Aerogelmaterialien aus verschiedenen Edelmetall-nanopartikeln unter Verwendung der Cryoaerogeliertechnik hergestellt. Zu diesem Zweck wurden hochkonzentrierte Nanopartikeldispersionen blitzartig eingefroren und gefriergetrocknet, wodurch schließlich hochporöse Gelnetzwerke mit riesiger, innerer Oberfläche gebildet wurden. Im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Geliermethoden bietet die Cryoaerogelierung dabei den einschlägigen Vorteil, einen Einfluss auf die Form des resultierenden Materials zu nehmen. Unter dieser Voraussetzung wurden gezielt dünne Beschichtungen aus Aerogelen hergestellt, ohne dazu – wie weitestgehend üblich – Bindemittel zu verwenden oder das monolithische Gel zu zerstören. Zum ersten Mal wurden hier die Parameter während des Gefrierprozesses variiert, wodurch ein signifikanter Einfluss auf die Eigenschaften des resultierenden Gelmaterials genommen werden konnte. Durch gezielte Kontrolle der Gefrierdauer, Gefriertemperatur und des Gefriermediums konnten so vielfältige Mikrostrukturen für Cryoaerogele erhalten und in ihrer Stabilität verbessert werden. Die Edelmetallnanoaerogele wurden des Weiteren erstmalig in der Elektrokatalyse angewendet und auf ihre Eignung als Katalysator für die Ethanoloxidation getestet. Aufgrund ihrer deutlich vergrößerten Oberfläche zeichneten sich alle Cryoaerogele dabei mit einer stark verbesserten, katalytischen Leistung im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen, luftgetrockneten Beschichtungen aus dichtgepackten Nanopartikeln aus. Darüber hinaus konnten durch das Einfrieren mit höheren Geschwindigkeiten Cryoaerogelstrukturen erhalten werden, die eine noch größere Oberfläche bzw. katalytische Aktivität aufwiesen als die nach den etablierten Standardbedingungen fabrizierten Cryoaerogele. Mit Blick auf die Anwendung in nasschemischen Bereichen wurden zuletzt außerdem Gelmaterialien hergestellt, die analog zur Cryoaerogelierung eingefroren, im Gegensatz dazu jedoch anschließend aufgetaut wurden. Diese „Cryohydrogele“ zeigten vergleichbar hervorragende strukturelle und katalytische Eigenschaften, konnten für eine Anwendung in nasschemischen Bereichen aber leichter und schneller als Cryoaerogele hergestellt bzw. verwendet werden.
Learning A Sparse Transformer Network for Effective Image Deraining
Creators: name: Chen, Xiang
name: Li, Hao
name: Li, Mingqiang
name: Pan, Jinshan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Transformers-based methods have achieved significant performance in image deraining as they can model the non-local information which is vital for high-quality image reconstruction. In this paper, we find that most existing Transformers usually use all similarities of the tokens from the query-key pairs for the feature aggregation. However, if the tokens from the query are different from those of the key, the self-attention values estimated from these tokens also involve in feature aggregation, which accordingly interferes with the clear image restoration. To overcome this problem, we propose an effective DeRaining network, Sparse Transformer (DRSformer) that can adaptively keep the most useful self-attention values for feature aggregation so that the aggregated features better facilitate high-quality image reconstruction. Specifically, we develop a learnable top-k selection operator to adaptively retain the most crucial attention scores from the keys for each query for better feature aggregation. Simultaneously, as the naive feed-forward network in Transformers does not model the multi-scale information that is important for latent clear image restoration, we develop an effective mixed-scale feed-forward network to generate better features for image deraining. To learn an enriched set of hybrid features, which combines local context from CNN operators, we equip our model with mixture of experts feature compensator to present a cooperation refinement deraining scheme. Extensive experimental results on the commonly used benchmarks demonstrate that the proposed method achieves favorable performance against state-of-the-art approaches. The source code and trained models are available at https://github.com/cschenxiang/DRSformer.
description: Accepted as a highlight paper in CVPR 2023
Proposition of extension of models relating rheological quantities and microscopic structure through the use of a double fractal structure
Creators: name: Bouthier, Louis-Vincent
name: Castellani, Romain
name: Hachem, Elie
name: Valette, Rudy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Colloidal suspensions and the relation between their rheology and their microstructure is investigated. The literature showed great evidence of the relation between rheological quantities and particle volume fraction, ignoring the influence of the cluster. We propose to extend previous models using a new double fractal structure which allows, first, to recover the well-known models on the case of percolated system and, second, to capture the influence of the cluster size. This new model emphasises the necessity of such structure to account for recent experimental results. Then, the model is compared with data coming from the literature and shows close agreement.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, letter