cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Water waves over a strongly undulating bottom
Creators: name: Ruban, V. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-dimensional free-surface potential flows of an ideal fluid over a strongly inhomogeneous bottom are investigated with the help of conformal mappings. Weakly-nonlinear and exact nonlinear equations of motion are derived by the variational method for arbitrary seabed shape parameterized by an analytical function. As applications of this theory, band structure of linear waves over periodic bottoms is calculated and evolution of a strong solitary wave running from a deep region to a shallow region is numerically simulated.
description: revtex4, 11 pages, 17 figures, extended version with numerical results
Bound entangled singlet-like states for quantum metrology
Creators: name: Pál, Károly F.
name: Tóth, Géza
name: Bene, Erika
name: Vértesi, Tamás
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bipartite entangled quantum states with a positive partial transpose (PPT), i.e., PPT entangled states, are usually considered very weakly entangled. Since no pure entanglement can be distilled from them, they are also called bound entangled. In this paper we present two classes of ($2d\times 2d$)-dimensional PPT entangled states for any $d\ge 2$ which outperform all separable states in metrology significantly. We present strong evidence that our states provide the maximal metrological gain achievable by PPT states for a given system size. When the dimension $d$ goes to infinity, the metrological gain of these states becomes maximal and equals the metrological gain of a pair of maximally entangled qubits. Thus, we argue that our states could be called "PPT singlets."
description: 17 pages including 3 figures, revtex4.2; v2: presentation improved, some further results added, links to MATLAB programs generating the bound entangled states added; v3: published version; v4: published version, typo fixed in the first author's name in Ref. [8] and elsewhere
Garrulus glandarius subsp. whitakeri Hartert 1903
Creators: name: Lecroy, Mary
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Corvidae
Garrulus
Garrulus glandarius
Garrulus glandarius whitakeri hartert

description: Garrulus glandarius whitakeri Hartert
Garrulus glandarius whitakeri Hartert, 1903d: 33 (Tanger, Morokko).
Now Garrulus glandarius whitakeri Hartert, 1903. See Hartert, 1919: 124, Vaurie, 1959: 139; Blake and Vaurie, 1962: 231; Dickinson, 2003: 508– 509; Dickinson et al., 2004c: 88–89; and dos Anjos, 2009: 588–589.
HOLOTYPE: AMNH 676567, adult male, collected at Tanger, 35.48N, 05.45W (Times Atlas), northern Morocco, in May 1894, from the Vaucher Collection (no. 6348). From the Rothschild Collection.
COMMENTS: Hartert gave Vaucher’s no. 6348 for the type in the original description and did not indicate that he examined other specimens.
description: Published as part of Lecroy, Mary, 2014, Type Specimens Of Birds In The American Museum Of Natural History Part 12. Passeriformes: Ploceidae, Sturnidae, Buphagidae, Oriolidae, Dicruridae, Callaeidae, Grallinidae, Corcoracidae, Artamidae, Cracticidae, Ptilonorhynchidae, Cnemophilidae, Paradisaeidae, And Corvidae, pp. 1-165 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2014 (393) on page 115, DOI: 10.1206/885.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4629954
Canadian Settlement in Action: History and Future
Creators: Alexandru Caldararu
Julie Clements
Rennais Gayle
Christina Hamer
Maria MacMinn Varvos
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2021

The five chapters of this book encapsulate the past, present, and future of Canadian immigration and settlement. The topics, in part, cover the history of immigration to Canada through an objective lens that allows readers to learn what transpired with the settlement of specific ethnic groups, as well as address Canada’s current policies and approaches to immigration. This leads to an exploration of the challenges that newcomers to Canada and the settlement sector are encountering today. Readers and learners of settlement studies will embark on a journey of self-reflection throughout this book as they engage in many activities, quizzes, and interactions which may be self-directed or instructor led.
Identification and functional characterization of Penicillium marneffei major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporters
Creators: name: Setyowati T. Utami
name: Indriani, Carissa I.
name: Anom Bowolaksono
name: Yaguchi, Takashi
name: Xinyue Chen
name: Niimi, Kyoko
name: Niimi, Masakazu
name: Kajiwara, Susumu
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology

description: Penicillium marneffei is a thermally dimorphic fungus that causes penicilliosis, and become the third-most-common opportunistic fungal infection in immunocompromised patients in Southeast Asia. Azoles and amphotericin B have been introduced for the treatment, however, it is important to investigate possible mechanisms of azole resistance for future treatment failure. We identified 177 putative MFS transporters and classified into 17 subfamilies. Among those, members of the Drug:H+ antiporter 1 subfamily are known to confer resistance to antifungals. Out of 39 paralogs, three (encoded by PmMDR1, PmMDR2, and PmMDR3) were heterologously overexpressed in S. cerevisiae AD∆ conferred resistance to various drugs and compounds including azoles, albeit to different degrees. PmMDR1-expressing strain showed resistance to the broadest range of drugs, followed by the PmMDR3, and PmMDR2 conferred weak resistance to a limited range of drugs. We conclude that PmMDR1 and PmMDR3, may be able to serve as multidrug efflux pumps. Two MSF transporters of Penicillium marneffei, PmMdr1p and PmMdr3p, showed the efflux pump functions to different antifungals.
Chandra Observations of ULIRGs: Extended Hot Gas Halos in Merging Galaxies
Creators: name: Huo, Z. Y.
name: Xia, X. Y.
name: Xue, S. J.
name: Mao, S.
name: Deng, Z. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the properties of hot gaseous halos in 10 nearby ultraluminous IRAS galaxies observed with the ACIS instrument on board Chandra. For all sample galaxies, diffuse soft X-ray emissions are found within ~10 kpc of the central region; their spectra are well fitted by a MEKAL model plus emission lines from alpha-elements and other ions. The temperature of the hot gas is about 0.7 keV and metallicity is about 1 solar. Outside the central region, extended hot gaseous halos are found for nine out of the ten ULIRGs. Most spectra of these extended halos can be fitted with a MEKAL model with a temperature of about 0.6 keV and a low metallicity (~ 0.1 solar). We discuss the implications of our results on the origin of X-ray halos in elliptical galaxies and the feedback processes associated with starbursts.
description: 31 pages, 6 figuers, ApJ in press, accepted version
title: Collagen self-assembly, induced alignment and quantitative image analysis
Creators: name: Haffegee, Julian
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2002

description: There have been many studies on the in-vitro self assembly of proteins, and on the orientational effects of strong magnetic fields, but no research seems to have been published on the effect of isolated pulsed electric fields on assembling type 1 collagen. In order to examine any effects, it was necessary to study the polymerisation process whilst controlling humidity, pH and the addition of phosphate, which turned out to be critical for the effective alignment of the fibres. Advances in computer image processing allow quantification of both retardations and degree of alignment of weakly biréfringent samples; detecting subtle differences invisible to the eye.
Customer experience with farmers’ markets: what hashtags can reveal
Creators: name: Pilar, Ladislav
name: Balcarova, Tereza
name: Rojik, Stanislav
name: Ticha, Ivana
name: Polakova, Jana
name: Pilar, Ladislav
name: Balcarova, Tereza
name: Rojik, Stanislav
name: Ticha, Ivana
name: Polakova, Jana
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: farmers’ market
subject: Instagram
subject: customer experience
subject: farmers’ market values

description: Social media networks are increasing in popularity and have been integrated into many aspects of daily life. Analysis of the ways in which individuals use social media is important for understanding social, cultural, and environmental issues. This study examines experiences of farmers’ market customers through their self- expression on social networks. Contributions to the Instagram social network based on the #farmersmarket hashtag were gathered on a single day, yielding 19,398 contributions created by 13,862 users. Six major linked hashtags were identified (#Organic, #Fresh, #Food, #Local, #Vegan, and #Healthy), providing key indicators of the characteristics of farmers’ markets that are valued by customers. Four customer segments were identified: Product Oriented, Emotional Oriented, Social Oriented, and Product-Social Oriented, with strong interconnections identified between these communities. The results of this study provide insights into consumer values and behaviors in the farmers’ market context and will be of practical use for future marketing and management.
A new nonlinear electrodynamics and electrically charged regular black holes
Creators: name: Poshteh, Mohammad Bagher Jahani
name: Riazi, Nematollah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A regular static, spherically symmetric electrically charged black hole solution of general relativity coupled to a new theory for nonlinear electrodynamics is presented. This theory has the interesting feature that, at far distances from the black hole, in the weak field limit, the theory reduces to Maxwell Lagrangian with Heisenberg-Euler correction term of quantum electrodynamics. The singular center of the black hole is replaced by flat, de Sitter, or anti de Sitter space, if the spacetime in which the black hole is embedded is asymptotically flat, de Sitter, or anti de Sitter, respectively. Requiring the correspondence to Heisenberg-Euler Lagrangian at large distances, in the weak field limit, we find that (\textit{i}) a minimum mass is required for the formation of an event horizon for the regular static, spherically symmetric solution of the theory, and, (\textit{ii}) the mass of the solution must be quantized. We also study the basic thermodynamic properties of the black hole solution and show that they are qualitatively similar to those of Reissner-Nordström black hole.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures, v2: matched the published version
Self-assembly of quantum dots: effect of neighbor islands on the wetting in coherent Stranski-Krastanov growth
Creators: name: Prieto, J. E.
name: Markov, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The wetting of the homogeneously strained wetting layer by dislocation-free three-dimensional islands belonging to an array has been studied. The array has been simulated as a chain of islands in 1+1 dimensions. It is found that the wetting depends on the density of the array, the size distribution and the shape of the neighbor islands. Implications for the self-assembly of quantum dots grown in the coherent Stranski-Krastanov mode are discussed.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures, accepted version, minor changes
Adoption behavior of market traders: an analysis based on Technology Acceptance Model and Theory of Planned Behavior
Creators: name: Kamrath, Carolin
name: Rajendran, Srinivasulu
name: Nenguwo, Ngoni
name: Afari-Sefa, Victor
name: Broring, Stefanie
name: Kamrath, Carolin
name: Rajendran, Srinivasulu
name: Nenguwo, Ngoni
name: Afari-Sefa, Victor
name: Broring, Stefanie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: technology adoption
subject: vegetable traders
subject: developing country
subject: tomato supply chain
subject: Tanzania

description: High tomato losses in the fruit supply chain can be prevented by use of improved or new technologies but these are not usually adopted where adoption behavior is barely known. Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior and the Technology Acceptance Model, this study analyses socio-psychological factors that influence the adoption behavior of traders on new postharvest handling technology, as exemplified by the use of lining material for improving tomato packaging in Tanzania. The study results conclude that the perceived behavioral control and subjective norm were the most important factors explaining respondents’ behavioral intention. Attitude, though found not to be a significant determining factor, was however significantly influenced by perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. As technology adoption is a prerequisite for structural transformation of developing economies, our results provide new insights in the field of behavioral acceptance research in the tomato production sector of relevant developing countries.
Mass formula and Oort's conjecture for supersingular abelian threefolds
Creators: name: Karemaker, Valentijn
name: Yobuko, Fuetaro
name: Yu, Chia-Fu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14K10 (11G10, 14K15)

description: Using the theory of polarised flag type quotients, we determine mass formulae for all principally polarised supersingular abelian threefolds defined over an algebraically closed field $k$ of characteristic $p$. We combine these results with computations of the automorphism groups to study Oort's conjecture; we prove that every generic three-dimensional principally polarised supersingular abelian variety over $k$ of characteristic $\neq 2$ has automorphism group $\{ \pm 1 \}$.
description: published version, 39 pages
Pixel lensing observations towards globular clusters
Creators: name: Cardone, V. F.
name: Cantiello, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been suggested that a monitoring program employing the pixel lensing method to search for microlensing events towards galactic globular clusters may increase the statistics and discriminate among different halo models. Stimulated by this proposal, we evaluate an upper limit to the pixel lensing event rate for such a survey. Four different dark halo models have been considered changing both the flattening and the slope of the mass density profile. The lenses mass function has been modelled as a homogenous power - law for $μ\in (μ_l, μ_u)$ and both the mass limits and the slope of the mass function have been varied to investigate their effect on the rate. The target globular clusters have been selected in order to minimize the disk contribution to the event rate. We find that a pixel lensing survey towards globular clusters is unable to discriminate among different halo models since the number of detectable events is too small to allow any reliable statistical analysis.
description: 10 pages, accepted for publication on A&A
Garrulus glandarius subsp. cretorum Meinertzhagen
Creators: name: Lecroy, Mary
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Corvidae
Garrulus
Garrulus glandarius
Garrulus glandarius cretorum meinertzhagen

description: Garrulus glandarius cretorum Meinertzhagen
Garrulus glandarius cretorum Meinertzhagen, 1920: 19 (Mount Ida, Crete).
Now Garrulus glandarius cretorum Meinertzhagen, 1920. See Hartert, 1928: 190; Vaurie, 1959: 138– 139; Blake and Vaurie, 1962: 230; Dickinson,
2003: 508–509; Dickinson et al., 2004c: 88–89; and dos Anjos, 2009: 588–589.
HOLOTYPE: AMNH 676461, adult male, collected on Mount Idhi (= Mount Ida or Mount Nidha, as on label), 4500 ft, 35.18N, 24.43E (USBGN, 1955a), Crete, Greece, on 15 June 1920, by R. Meinertzhagen. From the Rothschild Collection.
COMMENTS: In the original description, Meinertzhagen gave the above locality and date for the type and noted that it was in the Rothschild Collection. He did not list his specimens, although it is obvious from the description that he had more than one, and from his specifying that the ‘‘differences in colour are more noticeable in the juvenile plumage than among adults.’’ A juvenile specimen, a paratype, also came to AMNH: Mount Ida, AMNH 676462, juvenile, 28 June 1920, by Meinertzhagen.
description: Published as part of Lecroy, Mary, 2014, Type Specimens Of Birds In The American Museum Of Natural History Part 12. Passeriformes: Ploceidae, Sturnidae, Buphagidae, Oriolidae, Dicruridae, Callaeidae, Grallinidae, Corcoracidae, Artamidae, Cracticidae, Ptilonorhynchidae, Cnemophilidae, Paradisaeidae, And Corvidae, pp. 1-165 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2014 (393) on page 115, DOI: 10.1206/885.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4629954
Heating process in the pre-Breakdown regime of the Quantum Hall Efect : a size dependent effect
Creators: name: Meziani, Y. M.
name: Chaubet, C.
name: Jouault, B.
name: Bonifacie, S.
name: Raymond, A.
name: Poirier, W.
name: Piquemal, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Our study presents experimental measurements of the contact and longitudinal voltage drops in Hall bars, as a function of the current amplitude. We are interested in the heating phenomenon which takes place before the breakdown of the quantum Hall effect, i.e. the pre-breakdown regime. Two types of samples has been investigated, at low temperature (4.2 and 1.5K) and high magnetic field (up to 13 T). The Hall bars have several different widths, and our observations clearly demonstrate that the size of the sample influences the heating phenomenon. By measuring the critical currents of both contact and longitudinal voltages, as a function of the filling factor (around $i=2$), we highlight the presence of a high electric field domain near the source contact, which is observable only in samples whose width is smaller than 400 microns.
description: 4 pages, 5 igures, 7th International Symposium of Research in High Magnetic Fields, to be published in physica B
The effect of the incident relative phase on the four-wave mixing field and the electromagnetically induced transparency
Creators: name: Niu, Yueping
name: Gong, Shangqing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a Lambda-type system employing a two-photon pump field, a four-wave mixing field can be generated simultaneously and hence a closed-loop system forms. We study theoretically on the effect of the relative phase between the two incident fields on the generated four-wave mixing field and the electromagnetically induced transparency. It is found that the phase of the generated four-wave mixing field is a sum of the incident relative phase and a fixed phase which is irrelative to the incident relative phase. Hence the total phase of the closed-loop system is independent of the incident relative phase. As a result, the incident relative phase has no effect on electromagnetically induced transparency, which is different from the case of a Lambda-type loop system closed by a third incident field.
description: 7 pages, and has been reported in the 10th International Conference of Quantum Optics, Minsk, 2004. Content is revised
Willingness to pay for organic products on the Serbian market
Creators: name: Vapa-Tankosic, Jelena
name: Ignjatijevic, Svetlana
name: Kranjac, Mirjana
name: Lekic, Snezana
name: Prodanovic, Radivoj
name: Vapa-Tankosic, Jelena
name: Ignjatijevic, Svetlana
name: Kranjac, Mirjana
name: Lekic, Snezana
name: Prodanovic, Radivoj
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: consumption
subject: organic products
subject: price
subject: socio-demographic factors
subject: willingness to pay

description: The purpose of the paper is to analyze general information on consumption and socio-demographic variables in relation to the willingness to pay (WTP) for organic products in the Republic of Serbia. The study is based on the survey responses of 398 individuals and the data obtained from the survey was analyzed using the chi-square test. The factors significantly affecting WTP premium prices for organic products include higher disposable household income, older age group, gender, urban surroundings, larger household size and higher educational level. Male and female consumers, living in towns, in a family of up to 4 persons, with higher education, and within the income range of 500-2,000 euro a month would be willing to pay a premium up to 20% once a week for organic products. This paper provides further insight into WTP for organic products among consumers from a developing country.
One-sided reflected Brownian motions and the KPZ fixed point
Creators: name: Nica, Mihai
name: Quastel, Jeremy
name: Remenik, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the system of one-sided reflected Brownian motions which is in variational duality with Brownian last passage percolation. We show that it has integrable transition probabilities, expressed in terms of Hermite polynomials and hitting times of exponential random walks, and that it converges in the 1:2:3 scaling limit to the KPZ fixed point, the scaling invariant Markov process defined in [MQR17] and believed to govern the long time large scale fluctuations for all models in the KPZ universality class. Brownian last passage percolation was shown recently in [DOV18] to converge to the Airy sheet (or directed landscape), defined there as a strong limit of a functional of the Airy line ensemble. This establishes the variational formula for the KPZ fixed point in terms of the Airy sheet.
description: Minor improvements. 15 pages
Economic and environmental implications of incorporating distillers’ dried grains with solubles in feed rations of growing and finishing swine in Argentina
Creators: name: De Matteis, Maria C.
name: Yu, T. Edward
name: Boyer, Christopher N.
name: DeLong, Karen L.
name: Smith, Jason
name: De Matteis, Maria C.
name: Yu, T. Edward
name: Boyer, Christopher N.
name: DeLong, Karen L.
name: Smith, Jason
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Argentina
subject: feed rations
subject: optimization
subject: swine
subject: distillers’ dried grains with solubles

description: The Argentinean swine industry has quickly expanded over the past decade, hence increasing the demand for swine feedstuffs. The growing supply of distillers’ dried grains with solubles (DDGS) from the emerging Argentinean corn-based ethanol industry is a potential feedstuff for swine producers. Using a multi-objective linear programming model, this study examined the economic and environmental concerns (i.e. cost and phosphorus content) associated with introducing DDGS in swine feed rations. Results suggest that including DDGS in swine diets concurrently minimized cost and phosphorus content. The results were extrapolated to the entire Argentinean swine industry and show that the inclusion of DDGS in swine rations could potentially save the Argentinean swine industry about 19.21 million US dollars annually and reduce phosphorus content by up to 5%. In addition, sensitivity analysis of DDGS price was conducted and the potential demand for DDGS from swine by growth category was derived.
Prioritization of farm success factors by commercial farm managers
Creators: name: Lai, John
name: Olynk Widmar, Nicole J.
name: Gunderson, Michael A.
name: Widmar, David A.
name: Ortega, David L.
name: Lai, John
name: Olynk Widmar, Nicole J.
name: Gunderson, Michael A.
name: Widmar, David A.
name: Ortega, David L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Farm Management
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: farm management success factors
subject: human capital needs for farms
subject: management priorities
subject: share preferences

description: This study elicits U.S. agricultural producer preferences for five key management success factors: managing output prices; managing production; controlling costs; managing land/equipment/facilities; and managing people. The objective of this analysis was to determine the relative importance of each of the five profit- centric functional areas of management among U.S. farm managers. Significant heterogeneity in preferences was observed over the management areas. Farm managers, on average, placed the highest importance in controlling costs (29% preference share). Differences emerged among groups of farmers in a latent class model where managing people became relatively important to the viability of the agribusiness.
Joint X-Ray and Optical Measurements of the Mass Distribution of the Distant Galaxy Cluster CLJ 0152.7-1357
Creators: name: Huo, Zhi-Ying
name: Xue, Sui-Jian
name: Xu, Haiguang
name: Squires, Gordon
name: Rosati, Piero
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present joint X-ray and optical observations of the high redshift (z~0.83) lensing cluster CLJ0152.7-1357 made with the Chandra X-ray Observatory and the Keck telescope. We confirm the existence of significant substructure at both X-ray and optical wavelengths in the form of two distinct clumps, whose temperatures are 6.6(-1.5,+2.4) keV and 5.7(-1.6,+2.9) keV, respectively. The X-ray surface brightness profiles of the two clumps can be fitted by either a single beta-model or an NFW-like profile; the latter giving better fits to the central regions. We find that the X-ray derived mass of this cluster is in good agreement with independent lensing measurements. While its appearance indicates that the cluster has not reached a dynamical equilibrium state, its X-ray luminosity L_x, temperature T and dynamical mass M are consistent with the well-defined L_x-T and M-T relations for low-redshift galaxy clusters, which suggests that the dynamical properties of the clusters have remained almost unchanged since z~0.8.
description: 32 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in AJ
Linear Polarization in Gamma-Ray Bursts: The Case for an Ordered Magnetic Field
Creators: name: Granot, Jonathan
name: Konigl, Arieh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Linear polarization at the level of $\sim 1-3%$ has by now been measured in several gamma-ray burst afterglows. Whereas the degree of polarization, $P$, was found to vary in some sources, the position angle, $θ_p$, was roughly constant in all cases. Until now, the polarization has been commonly attributed to synchrotron radiation from a jet with a tangled magnetic field that is viewed somewhat off axis. However, this model predicts either a peak in $P$ or a $90^\circ$ change in $θ_p$ around the ``jet break'' time in the lightcurve, for which there has so far been no observational confirmation. We propose an alternative interpretation, wherein the polarization is attributed, at least in part, to a large-scale, ordered magnetic field in the ambient medium. The ordered component may dominate the polarization even if the total emissivity is dominated by a tangled field generated by postshock turbulence. In this picture, $θ_p$ is roughly constant because of the uniformity of the field, whereas $P$ varies as a result of changes in the ratio of the ordered-to-random mean-squared field amplitudes. We point out that variable afterglow light curves should be accompanied by a variable polarization. The radiation from the original ejecta, which includes the prompt gamma-ray emission and the emission from the reverse shock (the `optical flash' and `radio flare'), could potentially exhibit a high degree of polarization (up to $\sim 60%$) induced by an ordered transverse magnetic field advected from the central source.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures; footnotes addressing relevant new observations added
A survey on dragonfly algorithm and its applications in engineering
Creators: name: Rahman, Chnoor M.
name: Rashid, Tarik A.
name: Alsadoon, Abeer
name: Bacanin, Nebojsa
name: Fattah, Polla
name: Mirjalili, Seyedali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The dragonfly algorithm was developed in 2016. It is one of the algorithms used by researchers to optimize an extensive series of uses and applications in various areas. At times, it offers superior performance compared to the most well-known optimization techniques. However, this algorithm faces several difficulties when it is utilized to enhance complex optimization problems. This work addressed the robustness of the method to solve real-world optimization issues, and its deficiency to improve complex optimization problems. This review paper shows a comprehensive investigation of the dragonfly algorithm in the engineering area. First, an overview of the algorithm is discussed. Besides, we also examined the modifications of the algorithm. The merged forms of this algorithm with different techniques and the modifications that have been done to make the algorithm perform better are addressed. Additionally, a survey on applications in the engineering area that used the dragonfly algorithm is offered. The utilized engineering applications are the applications in the field of mechanical engineering problems, electrical engineering problems, optimal parameters, economic load dispatch, and loss reduction. The algorithm is tested and evaluated against particle swarm optimization algorithm and firefly algorithm. To evaluate the ability of the dragonfly algorithm and other participated algorithms a set of traditional benchmarks (TF1-TF23) were utilized. Moreover, to examine the ability of the algorithm to optimize large-scale optimization problems CEC-C2019 benchmarks were utilized. A comparison is made between the algorithm and other metaheuristic techniques to show its ability to enhance various problems.
description: 26 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2001.02292
IGNITE your corporate innovation: insights from setting up an ag-tech start-up accelerator
Creators: name: Connolly, Aidan J.
name: Turner, Justin
name: Potocki, Alexa D.
name: Connolly, Aidan J.
name: Turner, Justin
name: Potocki, Alexa D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: accelerator
subject: corporate accelerator
subject: start-up
subject: ecosystem
subject: ag-tech

description: In today’s market era of rapid technological innovation even the most established agribusiness players risk being left behind in the wake of disruptive technology. How can large agriculture companies keep up? One emerging possibility for corporate innovation is that of the corporate start-up accelerator. Companies across all sectors, including agricultural and food technology, are increasingly using these programs to tap into early innovation. In 2017, Alltech ran its first program, the Pearse Lyons Accelerator for agri-business and ag-tech start-ups. This article serves to describe and analyze how corporate accelerators have populated start-up ecosystems and how the ag-tech and food sectors are reflecting this trend. Recommendations based on experience and critical feedback are presented to those considering developing their own accelerators and the role it might play in responsible innovation.
Directly Imaging the Cooling Flow in the Phoenix Cluster
Creators: name: Reefe, Michael
name: McDonald, Michael
name: Chatzikos, Marios
name: Seebeck, Jerome
name: Mushotzky, Richard
name: Veilleux, Sylvain
name: Allen, Steven
name: Bayliss, Matthew
name: Calzadilla, Michael
name: Canning, Rebecca
name: Floyd, Benjamin
name: Gaspari, Massimo
name: Hlavacek-Larrondo, Julie
name: McNamara, Brian
name: Russell, Helen
name: Sharon, Keren
name: Somboonpanyakul, Taweewat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the centers of many galaxy clusters, the hot ($\sim$10$^7$ K) intracluster medium (ICM) can become dense enough that it should cool on short timescales. However, the low measured star formation rates in massive central galaxies and absence of soft X-ray lines from cooling gas suggest that most of this gas never cools - this is known as the "cooling flow problem." The latest observations suggest that black hole jets are maintaining the vast majority of gas at high temperatures. A cooling flow has yet to be fully mapped through all gas phases in any galaxy cluster. Here, we present new observations of the Phoenix cluster using the James Webb Space Telescope to map the [Ne VI] $λ$7.652$μ$m emission line, allowing us to probe gas at 10$^{5.5}$ K on large scales. These data show extended [Ne VI] emission cospatial with (i) the cooling peak in the ICM, (ii) the coolest gas phases, and (iii) sites of active star formation. Taken together, these imply a recent episode of rapid cooling, causing a short-lived spike in the cooling rate which we estimate to be 5,000-23,000 M$_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$. These data provide the first large-scale map of gas at temperatures between 10$^5$-10$^6$ K in a cluster core, and highlight the critical role that black hole feedback plays in not only regulating but also promoting cooling.
description: 42 pages, 16 figures, 3 tables. Published in Nature
Free-space sub-terahertz field-polarization controlled by waveguide-mode-selection
Creators: name: Westig, Marc
name: Thierschmann, Holger
name: Katan, Allard
name: Finkel, Matvey
name: Klapwijk, Teun M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study experimentally the free-space electro-magnetic field emitted from a multimode rectangular waveguide equipped with a diagonal-horn antenna. Using the frequency range of 215-580 GHz, a photo-mixer is used to launch a free-space circularly-polarized electro-magnetic field, exciting multiple modes at the input of the rectangular waveguide via an input diagonal-horn antenna. A second photo-mixer is used, together with a silicon mirror Fresnel scatterer, to act as a polarization-sensitive coherent detector to characterize the emitted field. We find that the radiated field, excited by the fundamental waveguide mode, is characterized by a linear polarization. In addition, we find that the polarization of the radiated field rotates by 45 degree if selectively exciting higher-order modes in the waveguide. Despite the higher-order modes, the radiated field appears to maintain a predominant Gaussian beam character, since an unidirectional coupling to a detector was possible, whereas the unidirectionality is independent of the frequency. We discuss a possible application of this finding.
description: 17 pages including references. This preprint article corresponds to the finally published article in Physical Review Applied, except minor amendments that have been included during the proof phase. Comments welcome!
Finiteness in Polygonal Billiards on Hyperbolic Plane
Creators: name: Nagar, Anima
name: Singh, Pradeep
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37B10, 37D40, 37D50, 54H20

description: \textsc{J. Hadamard} studied the geometric properties of geodesic flows on surfaces of negative curvature, thus initiating "Symbolic Dynamics". In this article, we follow the same geometric approach to study the geodesic trajectories of billiards in "rational polygons" on the hyperbolic plane. We particularly show that the billiard dynamics resulting thus are just 'Subshifts of Finite Type' or their dense subsets. We further show that 'Subshifts of Finite Type' play a central role in subshift dynamics and while discussing the topological structure of the space of all subshifts, we demonstrate that they approximate any shift dynamics.
description: Updated version
title: Emx1 null mutant mouse phenotype: potential implications for human epilepsy
Creators: name: Sofia, Francesca
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2002

description: In the last decade, several homeobox-containing genes including members of the empty spiracle (Emxl and Emx2) and orthodenticle (Otxl and Otx2) families, have been found to be expressed in the cerebral cortex of rodents. Among these genes, Emxl shows the most widespread pattern of expression in this part of the brain. It has been recently demonstrated that Emxl is expressed by pyramidal cells, which are the glutamate-containing projection neurons of the cortex, from the time of their origin during embryonic period of neocorticogenesis, and until long after birth.
In contrast, non-pyramidal cells, the GABA-containing cortical intemeurons originate in the ventral telencephalon and have been found not to express this homeobox gene.
Emxl gene inactivation at a first analysis has not showed to cause gross morphological abnormalities to the developing and the adult brain.
We studied the development of the telecephalon in Emxl null embryos and examined the cortices of adult Emxl null mice, using standard histological methods as well as a variety immonocytochemical, in situ hybridization and tracing techniques. I did not find gross abnormalities in the development of Emxl null mutant embryos; therefore, the overall cytological appearance of the adult cortex was indistinguishable between the mutant mice and the wild type littermates.
A deeper analysis of the density and distribution of the two principal neuronal cell types of the cortex, pyramidal and nonpyramidal neurons, revealed no significant difference in the number and layering of pyramidal neurons in mutant cortices. However, counts of GABAergic neurons showed statistically significant differences between mutant and wild type littermates.
Earlier reports provided evidence in support of the hypothesis that loss of inhibitory GABAergic intemeurons results in neuronal hyperxcitability in the cortex, and eventually leads to seizure activity; more recent investigation confirmed that disruption of GABAergic neurotransmission is implicated in epilepsy.
First and Second Law of Quantum Thermodynamics: A Consistent Derivation Based on a Microscopic Definition of Entropy
Creators: name: Strasberg, Philipp
name: Winter, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Deriving the laws of thermodynamics from a microscopic picture is a central quest of statistical mechanics. This tutorial focuses on the derivation of the first and second law for closed and open quantum systems far from equilibrium, where such foundational questions also become practically relevant for emergent nanotechnologies. The derivation is based on a microscopic definition of five essential quantities: internal energy, thermodynamic entropy, work, heat and temperature. These definitions are shown to satisfy the phenomenological laws of nonequilibrium thermodynamics for a large class of states and processes. The consistency with previous results is demonstrated. The framework applies to multiple baths including particle transport and accounts for processes with, e.g., a changing temperature of the bath, which is determined microscopically. An integral fluctuation theorem for entropy production is satisfied. In summary, this tutorial introduces a consistent and versatile framework to understand and apply the laws of thermodynamics in the quantum regime and beyond.
description: Final version of the 24 pages tutorial
A Blockchain-Based Consent Mechanism for Access to Fitness Data in the Healthcare Context
Creators: name: Alhajri, May
name: Salehi Shahraki, Ahmad
name: Rudolph, Carsten
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 80303 Computer System Security
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 80402 Data Encryption
subject: Distributed Computing
subject: 80702 Health Informatics
subject: FOS: Media and communications
subject: Information Systems
subject: 80203 Computational Logic and Formal Languages

description: Wearable fitness devices are widely used to track an individual’s health and physical activities to improve the quality of health services. These devices sense a considerable amount of sensitive data processed by a centralized third party. While many researchers have thoroughly evaluated privacy issues surrounding wearable fitness trackers, no study has addressed privacy issues in trackers by giving control of the data to the user. Blockchain is an emerging technology with outstanding advantages in resolving consent management privacy concerns. As there are no fully transparent, legally compliant solutions for sharing personal fitness data, this study introduces an architecture for a human-centric, legally compliant, decentralized and dynamic consent system based on blockchain and smart contracts. Algorithms and sequence diagrams of the proposed system’s activities show consent-related data flow among various agents, which are used later to prove the system’s trustworthiness by formalizing the security requirements. The security properties of the proposed system were evaluated using the formal security modeling framework SeMF, which demonstrates the feasibility of the solution at an abstract level based on formal language theory. As a result, we have empirically proven that blockchain technology is suitable for mitigating the privacy issues of fitness providers by recording individuals’ consent using blockchain and smart contracts.
title: Studies on the epidemiology and chemical control of fusarium seedling blight of wheat using molecular techniques
Creators: name: Glynn, Neil Charles
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2002

description: Fusarium seedling blight is an important disease of wheat caused primarily by seed-borne Microdochium nivale of which there are two sub-species; var. nivale and var. majus. Though important pathogens of UK wheat crops, little is known about the relationship between seed-borne inoculum of each sub-species and subsequent disease, annual and regional distributions of inoculum, their pathogenicity as seed-borne pathogens or the relative effectiveness of the main method used to control seedling blight (seed treatments). This investigation aims to answer questions relating to these important factors of M. nivale as a seed-bome pathogen. Nucleotide sequences for the elongation factor 1-a gene were used to produce primers specific to Microdochium nivale var. nivale and var. majus. Internal standards were constructed and quantitative PGR assays developed using standard assay curves. Microdochium nivale var. nivale and var. majus inoculum was quantified on seed harvested in 1997, 1998 and 1999. Total M. nivale DNA was significantly related to the determination of M. nivale contamination using standard agar plate counts in each year, both estimates of M. nivale contamination were significantly related to seedling blight disease symptoms. A positive correlation was observed between fungal biomass of M. nivale var. nivale and var. majus in each year. Microdochium nivale var. majus was the dominant sub-species present in Scottish samples from each year though only in English samples from 1999. Microdochium nivale var. majus was the more pathogenic seedling blight pathogen as either inoculated surface-borne or natural seed-bome inoculum. Beret Gold was most active of six fungicide seed treatments towards isolates of each sub-species in vitro. Field trials showed that the amount of M. nivale DNA quantified in seed was reflected in the amount present in the resultant seedlings. This was reduced significantly through the use of the seed treatments Beret Gold or Sibutol. Significant differences between the treatments were evident when disease pressure was high.Microdochium nivale var. majus was the most effective coloniser at the seedling stage whereas var. nivale predominated prior to flowering. These results show that (i) PCR assays are a useful determinant of M. nivale contamination of wheat seed and seedling blight symptoms, (ii) seasonal and regional fluctuations occur in sub-species predominance on seed samples (iii) M. nivalevar. majus is a more pathogenic seedling blight pathogen than var. nivale (iv) Sibutol and Beret Gold are effective against both sub-species at the seedling stages of crop development.
A PDE hierarchy for directed polymers in random environments
Creators: name: Gu, Yu
name: Henderson, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For a Brownian directed polymer in a Gaussian random environment, with $q(t,\cdot)$ denoting the quenched endpoint density and \[ Q_n(t,x_1,\ldots,x_n)=\mathbf{E}[q(t,x_1)\ldots q(t,x_n)], \] we derive a hierarchical PDE system satisfied by $\{Q_n\}_{n\geq1}$. We present two applications of the system: (i) we compute the generator of $\{μ_t(dx)=q(t,x)dx\}_{t\geq0}$ for some special functionals, where $\{μ_t(dx)\}_{t\geq0}$ is viewed as a Markov process taking values in the space of probability measures; (ii) in the high temperature regime with $d\geq 3$, we prove a quantitative central limit theorem for the annealed endpoint distribution of the diffusively rescaled polymer path. We also study a nonlocal diffusion-reaction equation motivated by the generator and establish a super-diffusive $O(t^{2/3})$ scaling.
description: 28 pages; v3, final version