cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 vaccines that reduce symptoms but do not block infection need higher coverage and faster rollout to achieve population impact
Creators: name: Cohen, M.S.
name: Janes, H.
name: Reeves, D.B.
name: Donnell, D.
name: Schiffer, J.T.
name: Matrajt, L.
name: Dimitrov, D.
name: Bracis, C.
name: Swan, D.A.
name: Moore, M.
name: Burns, E.
Publisher: name: Nature Research
Year: 2021

description: Trial results for two COVID-19 vaccines suggest at least 90% efficacy against symptomatic disease (VEDIS). It remains unknown whether this efficacy is mediated by lowering SARS-CoV-2 infection susceptibility (VESUSC) or development of symptoms after infection (VESYMP). We aim to assess and compare the population impact of vaccines with different efficacy profiles (VESYMP and VESUSC) satisfying licensure criteria. We developed a mathematical model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, calibrated to data from King County, Washington. Rollout scenarios starting December 2020 were simulated with combinations of VESUSC and VESYMP resulting in up to 100% VEDIS. We assumed no reduction of infectivity upon infection conditional on presence of symptoms. Proportions of cumulative infections, hospitalizations and deaths prevented over 1 year from vaccination start are reported. Rollouts of 1 M vaccinations (5000 daily) using vaccines with 50% VEDIS are projected to prevent 23–46% of infections and 31–46% of deaths over 1 year. In comparison, vaccines with 90% VEDIS are projected to prevent 37–64% of infections and 46–64% of deaths over 1 year. In both cases, there is a greater reduction if VEDIS is mediated mostly by VESUSC. The use of a “symptom reducing” vaccine will require twice as many people vaccinated than a “susceptibility reducing” vaccine with the same 90% VEDIS to prevent 50% of the infections and death over 1 year. Delaying the start of the vaccination by 3 months decreases the expected population impact by more than 50%. Vaccines which prevent COVID-19 disease but not SARS-CoV-2 infection, and thereby shift symptomatic infections to asymptomatic infections, will prevent fewer infections and require larger and faster vaccination rollouts to have population impact, compared to vaccines that reduce susceptibility to infection. If uncontrolled transmission across the U.S. continues, then expected vaccination in Spring 2021 will provide only limited benefit.
Explicit estimates for the zeros of Hecke $L$-functions
Creators: name: Zaman, Asif
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11R42, 11M41

description: Let $K$ be a number field and, for an integral ideal $\mathfrak{q}$ of $K$, let $χ$ be a character of the narrow ray class group modulo $\mathfrak{q}$. We establish various new and improved explicit results, with effective dependence on $K$, $\mathfrak{q}$ and $χ$, regarding the zeros of the Hecke L-function $L(s,χ)$, such as zero-free regions, Deuring-Heilbronn phenomenon, and zero density estimates.
description: 53 pages, 14 tables; v4 contains corrections to equations (1.2) and (3.1) and the proof of Lemma 3.2; note the published version may differ slightly
Homogeneous integrable Legendrian contact structures in dimension five
Creators: name: Doubrov, Boris
name: Medvedev, Alexandr
name: The, Dennis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 58J70, Secondary: 35A30, 53A40, 53B15, 53D10, 22E46

description: We consider Legendrian contact structures on odd-dimensional complex analytic manifolds. We are particularly interested in integrable structures, which can be encoded by compatible complete systems of second order PDEs on a scalar function of many independent variables and considered up to point transformations. Using the techniques of parabolic differential geometry, we compute the associated regular, normal Cartan connection and give explicit formulas for the harmonic part of the curvature. The PDE system is trivializable by means of point transformations if and only if the harmonic curvature vanishes identically. In dimension five, the harmonic curvature takes the form of a binary quartic field, so there is a Petrov classification based on its root type. We give a complete local classification of all five-dimensional integrable Legendrian contact structures whose symmetry algebra is transitive on the manifold and has at least one-dimensional isotropy algebra at any point.
description: 35 pages; added details on integration of Cartan structure equations
Mathematical Modeling of Vaccines That Prevent SARS-CoV-2 Transmission
Creators: name: Cohen, M.S.
name: Gao, F.
name: Dimitrov, D.
name: Goyal, A.
name: Corey, L.
name: Janes, H.
name: Swan, D.A.
name: Moore, M.
name: Krantz, E.
name: Schiffer, J.T.
name: Brown, E.
name: Bracis, C.
name: Cardozo-Ojeda, F.
name: Reeves, D.B.
name: Gilbert, P.B.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021

description: SARS-CoV-2 vaccine clinical trials assess efficacy against disease (VEDIS), the ability to block symptomatic COVID-19. They only partially discriminate whether VEDIS is mediated by preventing infection completely, which is defined as detection of virus in the airways (VESUSC), or by preventing symptoms despite infection (VESYMP). Vaccine efficacy against transmissibility given infection (VEINF), the decrease in secondary transmissions from infected vaccine recipients, is also not measured. Using mathematical modeling of data from King County Washington, we demonstrate that if the Moderna (mRNA-1273QS) and Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) vaccines, which demonstrated VEDIS > 90% in clinical trials, mediate VEDIS by VESUSC, then a limited fourth epidemic wave of infections with the highly infectious B.1.1.7 variant would have been predicted in spring 2021 assuming rapid vaccine roll out. If high VEDIS is explained by VESYMP, then high VEINF would have also been necessary to limit the extent of this fourth wave. Vaccines which completely protect against infection or secondary transmission also substantially lower the number of people who must be vaccinated before the herd immunity threshold is reached. The limited extent of the fourth wave suggests that the vaccines have either high VESUSC or both high VESYMP and high VEINF against B.1.1.7. Finally, using a separate intra-host mathematical model of viral kinetics, we demonstrate that a 0.6 log vaccine-mediated reduction in average peak viral load might be sufficient to achieve 50% VEINF, which suggests that human challenge studies with a relatively low number of infected participants could be employed to estimate all three vaccine efficacy metrics.
Entropy current in two dimensional anomalous hydrodynamics and a bound on the sum of the response parameters
Creators: name: Banerjee, Rabin
name: Dey, Shirsendu
name: Majhi, Bibhas Ranjan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The exact expression for the entropy current of a fluid in presence of two dimensional gravitational anomalies is given. To make it compatible with the second law of thermodynamics; i.e. positivity of the entropy production rate of a system (which is considered to be fundamental), we find a bound on the sum of the two response parameters ($\bar{C}_1$ and $\bar{C}_2$), in terms of the trace and diffeomorphism anomaly coefficients ($c_w$ and $c_g$). The precise expression, we obtain here, is $\bar{C}_1 + \bar{C}_2\leq 4π^2c_w + 8π^2 c_g$. Interestingly, when the bound is saturated corresponding to a reversible process, the result reproduces earlier findings obtained by either studying field theory on the cone or using the {\it Israel-Hartle-Hawking} boundary condition. Finally, possible physical implications and connections with the existing approaches are addressed.
description: Comments added, to appear in Phys. Rev. D
Dynamical Quantum Phase Transitions Following Double Quenches: Persistence of the Initial State vs Dynamical Phases
Creators: name: Cheraghi, Hadi
name: Sedlmayr, Nicholas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamical quantum phase transitions can occur following quenches in quantum systems when the rate function, a dynamical analogue of the free energy, becomes non-analytic at critical times. Here we exhaustively investigate in an exemplary model how the dynamically evolving state responds to a second quench. We demonstrate that for quenches where the initial and final Hamiltonian belong to different phases always result in dynamical quantum phase transitions, irrespective of the intermediate quench and dynamics or the time of the second quench. However, if the initial and final Hamiltonian belong to the same equilibrium phase then the intermediate Hamiltonian must belong to a different phase. In this case, the second quench time in relation to the critical times of the first quench becomes crucial to the existence of dynamical quantum phase transitions.
Lebendige Gemeinden - (welt-)verantwortliche Christen
Creators: name: Jantsch, Franz
name: Mitterhöfer, Jakob
name: Rechberger, Walter H.
name: Lüdicke, Klaus
name: Schermann, Hans
Publisher: name: Diakonia
Year: 1970

description: Diakonia, Bd. 19 Nr. 2 (1988): Diakonia, Band 19, Heft 2
Thermalization in the presence of a time-dependent dissipation and its impact on dark matter production
Creators: name: Chowdhury, Debtosh
name: Hait, Arpan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In standard cosmological scenarios, a heavy meta-stable field dominates the energy density of the universe after inflation. The dissipation of this field continuously sources high-energy particles. In general, the dissipation rate of this meta-stable field can have a non-trivial time dependence. We study the impact of this time-dependent dissipation rate on the thermalization of the high-energy decay products of the meta-stable field. These energetic particles can contribute substantially to dark matter production in addition to the usual production from the thermal bath particles during reheating. We investigate the impact of this generalized dissipation on dark matter production in a model-independent way. We illustrate the parameter space that explains the observed dark matter relic abundance in various cosmological scenarios. We observed that dark matter having a mass larger than the maximum temperature attained by the thermal bath can be produced from the collision of the high-energy particles which are not yet thermalized.
description: 27 pages, 9 figures. Comments are welcome. v2: references updated. Matches with published version in JHEP
A randomized controlled trial evaluating combination detection of HIV in Malawian sexually transmitted infections clinics
Creators: name: Maierhofer, C.N.
name: Miller, W.C.
name: Powers, K.A.
name: Phiri, S.
name: Lancaster, K.E.
name: Khan, S.
name: Rutstein, S.E.
name: Chen, J.S.
name: Cohen, M.S.
name: Pence, B.W.
name: Hoffman, I.F.
name: Hosseinipour, M.C.
name: Matoga, M.
name: Jere, E.
name: Massa, C.
Publisher: name: John Wiley and Sons Inc
Year: 2021

description: Introduction: HIV diagnosis is the necessary first step towards HIV care initiation, yet many persons living with HIV (PLWH) remain undiagnosed. Employing multiple HIV testing strategies in tandem could increase HIV detection and promote linkage to care. We aimed to assess an intervention to improve HIV detection within socio-sexual networks of PLWH in two sexually transmitted infections (STI) clinics in Lilongwe, Malawi. Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled trial to evaluate an intervention combining acute HIV infection (AHI) screening, contract partner notification and social contact referral versus the Malawian standard of care: serial rapid serological HIV tests and passive partner referral. Enrolment occurred between 2015 and 2019. HIV-seropositive persons (two positive rapid tests) were randomized to the trial arms and HIV-seronegative (one negative rapid test) and -serodiscordant (one positive test followed by a negative confirmatory test) persons were screened for AHI with HIV RNA testing. Those found to have AHI were offered enrolment into the intervention arm. Our primary outcome of interest was the number of new HIV diagnoses made per index participant within participants’ sexual and social networks. We also calculated total persons, sexual partners and PLWH (including those previously diagnosed) referred per index participant. Results: A total of 1230 HIV-seropositive persons were randomized to the control arm, and 561 to the intervention arm. Another 12,713 HIV-seronegative or -serodiscordant persons underwent AHI screening, resulting in 136 AHI cases, of whom 94 enrolled into the intervention arm. The intervention increased the number of new HIV diagnoses made per index participant versus the control (ratio: 1.9; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2 to 3.1). The intervention also increased the numbers of persons (ratio: 2.5; 95% CI: 2.0 to 3.2), sexual partners (ratio: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.4 to 2.0) and PLWH (ratio: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.7 to 3.2) referred per index participant. Conclusions: Combining three distinct HIV testing and referral strategies increased the detection of previously undiagnosed HIV infections within the socio-sexual networks of PLWH seeking STI care. Combination HIV detection strategies that leverage AHI screening and socio-sexual contact networks offer a novel and efficacious approach to increasing HIV status awareness.
Relaxation oscillations in an idealized ocean circulation model
Creators: name: Roberts, Andrew
name: Saha, Raj
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This work is motivated by a desire to understand transitions between stable equilibria observed in Stommel's 1961 thermohaline circulation model. We adapt the model, including a forcing parameter as a dynamic slow variable. The resulting model is a piecewise-smooth, three time-scale system. The model is analyzed using geometric singular perturbation theory to demonstrate the existence of attracting periodic orbits. The system is capable of producing classical relaxation oscillations as expected, but there is also a parameter regime in which the model exhibits small amplitude oscillations known as canard cycles. Forcing the model with obliquity variations from the last 100,000 years produces oscillations that are modulated in amplitude and frequency. The output shows similarities with important features of the climate proxy data of the same period.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures
Solution of the two-mode quantum Rabi model using extended squeezed states
Creators: name: Duan, Liwei
name: He, Shu
name: Braak, D.
name: Chen, Qing-Hu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The two-mode quantum Rabi model with bilinear coupling is studied using extended squeezed states. We derive $G$-functions for each Bargmann index $q$% . They share a common structure with the $G$-function of the one-photon and two-photon quantum Rabi models. The regular spectrum is given by zeros of the $G$-function while the conditions for the presence of doubly degenerate (exceptional) eigenvalues are obtained in closed form through the lifting property. The simple singularity structure of the $G$-function allows to draw conclusions about the distribution of eigenvalues along the real axis and to understand the spectral collapse phenomenon when the coupling reaches a critical value.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
Deep Learning-Based Modeling of 5G Core Control Plane for 5G Network Digital Twin
Creators: name: Tao, Zhenyu
name: Guo, Yongliang
name: He, Guanghui
name: Huang, Yongming
name: You, Xiaohu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Digital twin serves as a crucial facilitator in the advancement and implementation of emerging technologies within 5G and beyond networks. However, the intricate structure and diverse functionalities of the existing 5G core network, especially the control plane, present challenges in constructing core network digital twins. In this paper, we propose two novel data-driven architectures for modeling the 5G control plane and implement corresponding deep learning models, namely 5GC-Seq2Seq and 5GC-former, based on the Vanilla Seq2Seq model and Transformer decoder respectively. We also present a solution enabling the interconversion of signaling messages and length-limited vectors to construct a dataset. The experiments are based on 5G core network signaling messages collected by the Spirent C50 network tester, encompassing various procedures such as registration, handover, and PDU sessions. The results show that 5GC-Seq2Seq achieves a 99.997\% F1-score (a metric measuring the accuracy of positive samples) in single UE scenarios with a simple structure, but exhibits significantly reduced performance in handling concurrency. In contrast, 5GC-former surpasses 99.999\% F1-score while maintaining robust performance under concurrent UE scenarios by constructing a more complex and highly parallel model. These findings validate that our method accurately replicates the principal functionalities of the 5G core network control plane.
Lockdown light in: Gabler Wirtschaftslexikon Online (31.10.2020)
Creators: name: Weerth, Carsten
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Pandemic, European Union, Germany, EU, Lockdown, Shutdown, Containment, Disaster Relief, Katastrophenfall, Deutschland, Economic History, Science History, Wirtschaftsgeschichte

description: Lockdown light in: Gabler Wirtschaftslexikon Online (31.10.2020) auch Mini-Lockdown (Wellenbrecher oder Wellenbrecher-Shutdown) oder engl. Circuit-Breaker genannt, wird im Herbst 2020 in Deutschlands diskutiert und umgesetzt, um in der COVID-19-Pandemie die Ausbreitung des SARS-CoV-2-Virus zu verlangsamen. Ein vollständiges Herunterfahren des öffentlichen Lebens und der Wirtschaft wie im Frühjahr 2020 (sog. Lockdown) soll in Deutschland vermieden werden, regionale Lockdowns werden durchgeführt und für angemessen gehalten. Ein Lockdown light oder Mini-Lockdown soll zeitlich stark abgegrenzt Kontaktbeschränkungen der Menschen im öffentlichen Leben erreichen (kurzfristige Schließung von Bars, Restaurants, Freizeitparks, Kinos, Theatern, Bibliotheken, Fittneszentern, Schwimmbädern, etc.), um die Infektionsketten zu unterbrechen und das exponentielle Wachstum der positiv getesteten Patienten zu verringern.
 In Großbritannien wurde der sog. "Circuit-Breaker" entwickelt und der Lockdown light in Nordirland, Schottland und Wales umgesetzt. Zuvor wurde er erfolgreich in Singapur und Neuseeland eigesetzt.
 Beim Mini-Lockdown sollen die Schulen und Kindergärten offengehalten und die Wirtschaft weniger stark einschgeschränkt werden. Ein Lockdown light kann auch mit einem Zeitplan oder Terminkalender verbunden werden, so dass sich Lockdown-Phasen mit Öffnungsphasen abwechseln, sofern diese Pausen vom Infektionsgeschehen gerechtfertigt sind. In Deutschland wird die erste Lockdown light-Phase vom 2.11.2020 bis 30.11.2020 durchgeführt.
 Die rechtliche Umsetzung obliegt den 16 Bundesländern. Die Bundespolizei unterstützt auf Bitten der Bundesländer die Kontrolle der Kontaktbeschränkungen im öffentlichen Raum. Vgl. Weltwirtschaftskrise, Wirtschaftskrise, Krise der Europäischen Union, Brexit, World Health Organization, Robert-Koch-Institut, Lockdown, Maskenpflicht, COVID-19, Corona-Virus, Corona-Bonds, Corona-Hilfen, Corona-Kabinett, Influenza-Virus, Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C), Pandemie, PandemiefolgenabmilderungsG, Schweres Akutes Respiratorisches Syndrom (SARS), Welthandelsorganisation, Weltzollorganisation, Weltwährungsfonds, United Nations, Virus (Biologie), Virus-Erkrankung, Zoonose, Zweite Welle. Autor: Dr. Carsten Weerth BSc LLM MA FLS FZS FRGS FRHistS Quelle: https://wirtschaftslexikon.gabler.de/definition/lockdown-light-123119
Beyond semiclassical time: dynamics in quantum cosmology
Creators: name: Chataignier, Leonardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review two approaches to the definition of the Hilbert space and evolution in mechanical theories with local time-reparametrization invariance, which are often used as toy models of quantum gravity. The first approach is based on the definition of invariant relational observables, whereas the second formalism consists of a perturbative construction of the Hilbert space and a weak-coupling expansion of the Hamiltonian constraint, which is frequently performed as part of the Born-Oppenheimer treatment in quantum cosmology. We discuss in which sense both approaches exhibit an inner product that is gauge-fixed via an operator version of the usual Faddeev-Popov procedure, and, in the second approach, how the unitarity of the effective Schrödinger evolution is established perturbatively. We note that a conditional probability interpretation of the physical states is possible, so that both formalisms are examples of quantum mechanics with a relational dynamics.
description: Contribution to appear in the proceedings of the conference DICE2022, September 19-23, 2022 (Castiglioncello, Tuscany), Journ. Phys.: Conf. Series
Local independence feature screening for nonparametric and semiparametric models by marginal empirical likelihood
Creators: name: Chang, Jinyuan
name: Tang, Cheng Yong
name: Wu, Yichao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider an independence feature screening technique for identifying explanatory variables that locally contribute to the response variable in high-dimensional regression analysis. Without requiring a specific parametric form of the underlying data model, our approach accommodates a wide spectrum of nonparametric and semiparametric model families. To detect the local contributions of explanatory variables, our approach constructs empirical likelihood locally in conjunction with marginal nonparametric regressions. Since our approach actually requires no estimation, it is advantageous in scenarios such as the single-index models where even specification and identification of a marginal model is an issue. By automatically incorporating the level of variation of the nonparametric regression and directly assessing the strength of data evidence supporting local contribution from each explanatory variable, our approach provides a unique perspective for solving feature screening problems. Theoretical analysis shows that our approach can handle data dimensionality growing exponentially with the sample size. With extensive theoretical illustrations and numerical examples, we show that the local independence screening approach performs promisingly.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/15-AOS1374 in the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
New Insights on Relieving Task-Recency Bias for Online Class Incremental Learning
Creators: name: Liang, Guoqiang
name: Chen, Zhaojie
name: Chen, Zhaoqiang
name: Ji, Shiyu
name: Zhang, Yanning
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: To imitate the ability of keeping learning of human, continual learning which can learn from a never-ending data stream has attracted more interests recently. In all settings, the online class incremental learning (OCIL), where incoming samples from data stream can be used only once, is more challenging and can be encountered more frequently in real world. Actually, all continual learning models face a stability-plasticity dilemma, where the stability means the ability to preserve old knowledge while the plasticity denotes the ability to incorporate new knowledge. Although replay-based methods have shown exceptional promise, most of them concentrate on the strategy for updating and retrieving memory to keep stability at the expense of plasticity. To strike a preferable trade-off between stability and plasticity, we propose an Adaptive Focus Shifting algorithm (AFS), which dynamically adjusts focus to ambiguous samples and non-target logits in model learning. Through a deep analysis of the task-recency bias caused by class imbalance, we propose a revised focal loss to mainly keep stability. \Rt{By utilizing a new weight function, the revised focal loss will pay more attention to current ambiguous samples, which are the potentially valuable samples to make model progress quickly.} To promote plasticity, we introduce a virtual knowledge distillation. By designing a virtual teacher, it assigns more attention to non-target classes, which can surmount overconfidence and encourage model to focus on inter-class information. Extensive experiments on three popular datasets for OCIL have shown the effectiveness of AFS. The code will be available at \url{https://github.com/czjghost/AFS}.
description: 14 pages,16 figures
Nilotonia (Nilotonia) cooki Panesar 2004
Creators: name: Pešić, Vladimir
name: Chatterjee, Tapas
name: Bordoloi, Sabitry
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Anisitsiellidae
Nilotonia
Nilotonia cooki

description: Nilotonia (Nilotonia) cooki Panesar, 2004
New records: India, Assam State: Kamrup district, SW of Guwahati city, Deeper Beel wetland, between the water hyacinth Eichhornia corniculata, 26.10903N 91.68359E, 37 m asl., 8. xii. 2009, leg. Das & Bordoloi, 1/0/0.
Records from the study area: Karnataka—“ Nilotonia (Tadagatonia) indica “ (nec. Walter 1928) Cook (1967); Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh—Panesar (2004).
Habitat: Ponds.
Distribution: India.
description: Published as part of Pešić, Vladimir, Chatterjee, Tapas & Bordoloi, Sabitry, 2010, A checklist of the water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia) of India, with new records and description of one new species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 2617 (1) on page 9, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2617.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/197964
Quantum diffraction grating. A possible new description of nuclear elastic scattering
Creators: name: Wojciechowski, Henryk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The problem of discontinuous functions and their representations in the form of Legendre polynomial series in quantum nuclear scattering theory is presented briefly. The problem is quite old yet not adequately explained in numerous Quantum Theory textbooks and sometimes not correctly understood by physicists. This problem might be quite important in interpretation and analyses of nuclear elastic scattering data and so requires to be stated in a more detailed and clear way.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures
A note on transverse divergence and taut Riemannian foliations
Creators: name: Slesar, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57R30, 55R10, 58J50

description: In this note we give a characterization of taut Riemannian foliations using the transverse divergence. This result turns out to be a convenient tool in the case of some standard examples. Furthermore, we show that a classical tautness result of Haefliger can be obtained in our particular setting as a straightforward consequence. In the final part of the paper we obtain a tautness characterization for transversally oriented foliations with dense leaves and investigate the case of a submanifold of lower dimension which is closed and orthogonal to the leaves.
description: 13 pages, as accepted for publication in J Geom Phys
Feasibility and Successful Enrollment in a Proof-of-Concept HIV Prevention Trial of VRC01, a Broadly Neutralizing HIV-1 Monoclonal Antibody
Creators: name: Burns, D.
name: Hural, J.
name: Andrew, P.
name: Gonzales, P.
name: the HVTN 704/HPTN 085 study group
name: Karg, C.
name: Anderson, M.
name: Anderson, P.L.
name: deCamp, A.
name: Karuna, S.T.
name: Edupuganti, S.
name: Miner, M.D.
name: Ledgerwood, J.
name: Cohen, M.S.
name: Tindale, I.
name: De La Grecca, R.
name: Kochar, N.
name: Mgodi, N.
name: Gilbert, P.B.
name: Corey, L.
name: Frank, I.
name: Lucas, J.
name: Gomez Lorenzo, M.M.
name: Greene, E.
name: Sobieszczyk, M.
name: Rudnicki, E.
name: Gallardo-Cartagena, J.A.
name: Mascola, J.R.
name: Broder, G.B.
Publisher: name: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
Year: 2021

description: Background: The Antibody-Mediated Prevention trials (HVTN 704/HPTN 085 and HVTN 703/HPTN 081) are the first efficacy trials to evaluate whether VRC01, a broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody targeting the CD4-binding site of the HIV envelope protein, prevents sexual transmission of HIV-1. HVTN 704/HPTN 085 enrolled 2701 cisgender men and transgender (TG) individuals who have sex with men at 26 sites in Brazil, Peru, Switzerland, and the United States. Methods: Participants were recruited and retained through early, extensive community engagement. Eligible participants were randomized 1:1:1 to 10 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg of VRC01 or saline placebo. Visits occurred monthly, with intravenous (IV) infusions every 8 weeks over 2 years, for a total of 10 infusions. Participants were followed for 104 weeks after first infusion. Results: The median HVTN 704/HPTN 085 participant age was 28 years; 99% were assigned male sex; 90% identified as cisgender men, 5% as TG women and the remaining as other genders. Thirty-two percent were White, 15% Black, and 57% Hispanic/Latinx. Twenty-eight percent had a sexually transmitted infection at enrollment. More than 23,000 infusions were administered with no serious IV administration complications. Overall, retention and adherence to the study schedule exceeded 90%, and the dropout rate was below 10% annually (7.3 per 100 person-years) through week 80, the last visit for the primary end point. Conclusions: HVTN 704/HPTN 085 exceeded accrual and retention expectations. With exceptional safety of IV administration and operational feasibility, it paves the way for future large-scale monoclonal antibody trials for HIV prevention and/or treatment.
Explicit Diffusion of Gaussian Mixture Model Based Image Priors
Creators: name: Zach, Martin
name: Pock, Thomas
name: Kobler, Erich
name: Chambolle, Antonin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this work we tackle the problem of estimating the density $f_X$ of a random variable $X$ by successive smoothing, such that the smoothed random variable $Y$ fulfills $(\partial_t - Δ_1)f_Y(\,\cdot\,, t) = 0$, $f_Y(\,\cdot\,, 0) = f_X$. With a focus on image processing, we propose a product/fields of experts model with Gaussian mixture experts that admits an analytic expression for $f_Y (\,\cdot\,, t)$ under an orthogonality constraint on the filters. This construction naturally allows the model to be trained simultaneously over the entire diffusion horizon using empirical Bayes. We show preliminary results on image denoising where our model leads to competitive results while being tractable, interpretable, and having only a small number of learnable parameters. As a byproduct, our model can be used for reliable noise estimation, allowing blind denoising of images corrupted by heteroscedastic noise.
Dark Matter with Topological Defects in the Inert Doublet Model
Creators: name: Hindmarsh, Mark
name: Kirk, Russell
name: No, Jose Miguel
name: West, Stephen M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the production of dark matter by decaying topological defects in the high mass region $m_{\mathrm{DM}} \gg m_W$ of the Inert Doublet Model, extended with an extra U(1) gauge symmetry. The density of dark matter states (the neutral Higgs states of the inert doublet) is determined by the interplay of the freeze-out mechanism and the additional production of dark matter states from the decays of topological defects, in this case cosmic strings. These decays increase the predicted relic abundance compared to the standard freeze-out only case, and as a consequence the viable parameter space of the Inert Doublet Model can be widened substantially. In particular, for a given dark matter annihilation rate lower dark matter masses become viable. We investigate the allowed mass range taking into account constraints on the energy injection rate from the diffuse $γ$-ray background and Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, together with constraints on the dark matter properties coming from direct and indirect detection limits. For the Inert Doublet Model high-mass region, an inert Higgs mass as low as $\sim 200$ GeV is permitted. There is also an upper limit on string mass per unit length, and hence the symmetry breaking scale, from the relic abundance in this scenario. Depending on assumptions made about the string decays, the limits are in the range $10^{12}$ GeV to $10^{13}$ GeV.
description: 27 pages, 3 figures. V2: Published version with references added
A Phase 2b Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of VRC01 Broadly Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibody in Reducing Acquisition of HIV-1 Infection in Women in Sub-Saharan Africa: Baseline Findings
Creators: name: Anderson, M.
name: Takuva, S.
name: Mgodi, N.M.
name: Edupuganti, S.
name: Gomez Lorenzo, M.M.
name: Miner, M.D.
name: Karg, C.
name: Tindale, I.
name: Shava, E.
name: Cohen, M.S.
name: Karuna, S.
name: the HVTN 703/HPTN 081 Team
name: Luthuli, N.
name: Andrew, P.
name: Hural, J.
name: Burns, D.
name: Ledgerwood, J.
name: Garnett, P.
name: Corey, L.
name: Greene, E.
name: Lazarus, E.
name: Baepanye, K.
name: Donnell, D.
name: Mukwekwerere, P.G.
name: Rudnicki, E.
name: Kochar, N.
name: Marshall, K.
name: Mascola, J.R.
name: Juraska, M.
Publisher: name: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
Year: 2021

description: Background: HIV Vaccine Trials Network 703/HIV Prevention Trials Network 081 is a phase 2b randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess the safety and efficacy of passively infused monoclonal antibody VRC01 in preventing HIV acquisition in heterosexual women between the ages of 18 and 50 years at risk of HIV. Participants were enrolled at 20 sites in Botswana, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe. It is one of the 2 Antibody Mediated Prevention efficacy trials, with HIV Vaccine Trials Network 704/HIV Prevention Trials Network 085, evaluating VRC01 for HIV prevention. Methods: Intense community engagement was used to optimize participant recruitment and retention. Participants were randomly assigned to receive intravenous VRC01 10 mg/kg, VRC01 30 mg/kg, or placebo in a 1:1:1 ratio. Infusions were given every 8 weeks with a total of 10 infusions and 104 weeks of follow-up after the first infusion. Results: Between May 2016 and September 2018, 1924 women from sub-Saharan Africa were enrolled. The median age was 26 years (interquartile range: 22-30), and 98.9% were Black. Sexually transmitted infection prevalence at enrollment included chlamydia (16.9%), trichomonas (7.2%), gonorrhea (5.7%), and syphilis (2.2%). External condoms (83.2%) and injectable contraceptives (61.1%) were the methods of contraception most frequently used by participants. In total, through April 3, 2020, 38,490 clinic visits were completed with a retention rate of 96% and 16,807 infusions administered with an adherence rate of 98%. Conclusions: This proof-of-concept, large-scale monoclonal antibody study demonstrates the feasibility of conducting complex trials involving intravenous infusions in high incidence populations in sub-Saharan Africa.
Automated detection of symmetry-protected subspaces in quantum simulations
Creators: name: Rotello, Caleb
name: Jones, Eric B.
name: Graf, Peter
name: Kapit, Eliot
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The analysis of symmetry in quantum systems is of utmost theoretical importance, useful in a variety of applications and experimental settings, and is difficult to accomplish in general. Symmetries imply conservation laws, which partition Hilbert space into invariant subspaces of the time-evolution operator, each of which is demarcated according to its conserved quantity. We show that, starting from a chosen basis, any invariant, symmetry-protected subspaces which are diagonal in that basis are discoverable using transitive closure on graphs representing state-to-state transitions under $k$-local unitary operations. Importantly, the discovery of these subspaces relies neither upon the explicit identification of a symmetry operator or its eigenvalues nor upon the construction of matrices of the full Hilbert space dimension. We introduce two classical algorithms, which efficiently compute and elucidate features of these subspaces. The first algorithm explores the entire symmetry-protected subspace of an initial state in time complexity linear to the size of the subspace by closing local basis state-to-basis state transitions. The second algorithm determines, with bounded error, if a given measurement outcome of a dynamically-generated state is within the symmetry-protected subspace of the state in which the dynamical system is initialized. We demonstrate the applicability of these algorithms by performing post-selection on data generated from emulated noisy quantum simulations of three different dynamical systems: the Heisenberg-XXX model and the $T_6$ and $F_4$ quantum cellular automata. Due to their efficient computability and indifference to identifying the underlying symmetry, these algorithms lend themselves to the post-selection of quantum computer data, optimized classical simulation of quantum systems, and the discovery of previously hidden symmetries in quantum mechanical systems.
description: 23 pages, 7 figures, 4 appendices
The snowball effect of customer slowdown in critical many-server systems
Creators: name: Selen, Jori
name: Adan, Ivo
name: Kulkarni, Vidyadhar
name: van Leeuwaarden, Johan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60J27, 60K25

description: Customer slowdown describes the phenomenon that a customer's service requirement increases with experienced delay. In healthcare settings, there is substantial empirical evidence for slowdown, particularly when a patient's delay exceeds a certain threshold. For such threshold slowdown situations, we design and analyze a many-server system that leads to a two-dimensional Markov process. Analysis of this system leads to insights into the potentially detrimental effects of slowdown, especially in heavy-traffic conditions. We quantify the consequences of underprovisioning due to neglecting slowdown, demonstrate the presence of a subtle bistable system behavior, and discuss in detail the snowball effect: A delayed customer has an increased service requirement, causing longer delays for other customers, who in turn due to slowdown might require longer service times.
description: 23 pages, 8 figures -- version 3 fixes a typo in an equation. in Stochastic Models, 2016
title: Climate change impacts on coastal flooding relevant to the UK and Ireland
Creators: name: Haigh, I.D.
name: Nicholls, R.J.
name: Penning-Rowsell, E.C.
name: Sayers, P.
Publisher: name: Marine Climate Change Impacts Partnership (MCCIP), Lowestoft, UK
Year: 2022

description: MCCIP Rolling Evidence Updates
Thermal-induced Local Imbalance in Repulsive Binary Bose Mixtures
Creators: name: Pascual, Gerard
name: Spada, Gabriele
name: Pilati, Sebastiano
name: Giorgini, Stefano
name: Boronat, Jordi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study repulsive two-component Bose mixtures with equal populations and confined in a finite-size box through path-integral Monte Carlo simulations. For different values of the $s$-wave scattering length of the interspecies potential, we calculate the local population imbalance in a region of fixed volume inside the box at different temperatures. We find two different behaviors: for phase-separated states at $T=0$, thermal effects induce a diffusion process which reduces the local imbalance whereas, for miscible states at $T=0$, a maximum in the local population imbalance appears at a certain temperature, below the critical one. We show that this intriguing behavior is strongly related to the bunching effect associated with the Bose-Einstein statistics of the particles in the mixture and to an unexpected behavior of the cross pair distribution function not reported before.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures
Non-adiabatic quantized charge pumping with tunable-barrier quantum dots: a review of current progress
Creators: name: Kaestner, Bernd
name: Kashcheyevs, Vyacheslavs
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Precise manipulation of individual charge carriers in nanoelectronic circuits underpins practical applications of their most basic quantum property --- the universality and invariance of the elementary charge. A charge pump generates a net current from periodic external modulation of parameters controlling a nanostructure connected to source and drain leads; in the regime of quantized pumping the current varies in steps of $q_e f$ as function of control parameters, where $q_e$ is the electron charge and $f$ is the frequency of modulation. In recent years, robust and accurate quantized charge pumps have been developed based on semiconductor quantum dots with tunable tunnel barriers. These devices allow modulation of charge exchange rates between the dot and the leads over many orders of magnitude and enable trapping of a precise number of electrons far away from equilibrium with the leads. The corresponding non-adiabatic pumping protocols focus on understanding of separate parts of the pumping cycle associated with charge loading, capture and release. In this report we review realizations, models and metrology applications of quantized charge pumps based on tunable-barrier quantum dots.
description: 28 pages, 21 figures, 193 references. Submitted to Rep. Prog. Phys
Effects of Urethritis on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in Semen: Implications for HIV Prevention and Cure
Creators: name: Cohen, M.S.
name: Matoga, M.
name: Banda, G.
name: Loftis, A.J.
name: Bonongwe, N.
name: Chen, J.S.
name: Hoffman, I.F.
name: Tegha, G.
name: Miller, W.C.
name: Jere, E.
name: Massa, C.
name: Lancaster, K.E.
name: Mathiya, E.
name: Ndalama, B.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2021

description: Background: Prior to the widespread availability of antiretroviral therapy (ART), men living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with urethritis had increased concentrations of HIV in semen. This study aims to better evaluate HIV shedding in men with urethritis receiving ART, and its implications for the cure of HIV. Methods: Men living with HIV with urethritis taking ART ≥12 weeks were enrolled at a sexually transmitted infections clinic in Lilongwe, Malawi. Study follow-up included visits at 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, and 48 weeks after urethritis diagnosis and treatment. Matched blood and semen samples were collected at all visits, and all additional episodes of urethritis were followed with extra visits 1, 2, and 4 weeks after treatment. Results: There were 111 men enrolled in the study between January 2017-March 2019, and 77 (69%) were suppressed in the blood (<400 copies/mL). Among the 77 men, 87 episodes of urethritis were evaluated during follow-up. Of the 87 episodes, 15 episodes (17%) had instances of seminal viral shedding ≥400 copies/mL despite viral suppression in the blood. During nonurethritis follow-up, ≤6% of men at each visit had a viral load ≥400 copies/mL in the semen while maintaining viral suppression in the blood. Conclusions: An HIV cure requires the elimination of HIV from every body compartment, but available ART does not currently accomplish this. Our study highlights the male genital tract as a local source of HIV that can be reversibly activated. A better understanding of this phenomenon is important to advance the HIV cure field.
Framework for integrating an artificial neural network and a genetic algorithm to develop a predictive model for construction labor productivity.
Creators: Ebrahimi, Sara
Raoufi, Mohammad
Fayek, Aminah Robinson
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2020

Construction labor productivity (CLP) is one of the most important factors in the construction industry, as it has a direct effect on a company’s efficiency and profitability. The accurate prediction of CLP is essential for effective decision-making prior to project execution, and continuous tracking and improvement of productivity over a project life cycle is necessary for its success. The objective of this paper is to develop a framework to help construction organizations predict and measure construction productivity, leading to improved project performance in terms of cost, time, and quality. CLP is affected by numerous factors, including the high-dimensional factors that result from a large number of model input variables and which often impose a high computational cost and the risk of overfitting of data. Therefore, it is necessary to use feature selection methods to reduce the dimensionality of CLP data. This paper proposes a framework that integrates an artificial neural network (ANN) and a genetic algorithm (GA) for feature selection. The proposed framework is used to develop a predictive model for CLP using features selected because they provide the best prediction of CLP. The ability of GAs to generate an optimal feature subset in combination with the superior accuracy of ANNs is a unique advancement that this framework offers for improving the prediction of labor productivity. The developed model can predict productivity and specify which factors are most predictive of CLP. The contributions of this paper are (1) the development of a framework that uses an integrated ANN and GA as a wrapper method for selecting the features with the most influence on CLP and (2) the development of an improved predictive model that can be used to both predict and measure CLP.
All-order Coulomb corrections to Delbrück scattering above the pair production threshold
Creators: name: Sommerfeldt, J.
name: Yerokhin, V. A.
name: Stöhlker, Th.
name: Surzhykov, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report calculations of Delbrück scattering that include all-order Coulomb corrections for photon energies above the threshold of electron-positron pair creation. Our approach is based on the application of the Dirac-Coulomb Green function and accounts for the interaction between the virtual electron-positron pair and the nucleus to all orders in the nuclear binding strength parameter $αZ$. Practical calculations are performed for the scattering of 2.754 MeV photons off plutonium atoms. We find that including the Coulomb corrections enhances the scattering cross section by up to 50% in this case. The obtained results resolve the long-standing discrepancy between experimental data and theoretical predictions and demonstrate that an accurate treatment of the Coulomb corrections is crucial for the interpretation of existing and guidance of future Delbrück scattering experiments on heavy atoms.