cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
In Situ TEM Studies of Multicomponent Alloy Nanoparticles
Creators: name: Zhennan Huang
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: This thesis is focused on the study of novel multicomponent alloy nanoparticles through advanced transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with the utilization of both ex-situ and in-situ TEM techniques. Unlike most of the traditional multicomponent nanoalloy research studies, the alloy nanoparticles investigated here are largely composed of five or more principal elements with single phase solid solution structures (high entropy alloys (HEAs)). In this work, a unique carbothermal shock (CTS) method was developed to synthesize HEA nanoparticles. The successful synthesis of multicomponent and HEA nanoparticles were verified through scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) Z-contrast imaging and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis down to atomic level. Such atomic-level mixing of multiple elements was ascribed to the ultrafast heating/cooling kinetics that occurred during CTS process. The novel HEA nanoparticles were studied as catalysts and demonstrated in NH3 oxidation and NH3 decomposition applications. In both cases, the successfully synthesized HEA nanoparticles exhibited excellent performance. In addition, by tuning the elements’ content in the HEA system, the performance can be largely improved as well. The CTS process was later investigated through in situ electrical biasing TEM holder to understand the mechanisms underlying nanoparticles’ formation and stabilization on carbon substrate. It was found that CTS generated extremely high temperatures leading to CNF crystallization and salt decomposition, followed by the anchoring of metal nanoparticles onto defective graphite edge planes to form ultra-thermally stable structures. Since the combinations of five or more elements are tremendously large, computational-aided screening was carried out to guide the synthesis of complex multicomponent alloys. The synthesized nanoparticles followed the element selection guidelines and were examined through STEM, STEM-EDS for the crystal structure and mixing status information. Since the multicomponent nanoparticles always need to be operated at extreme environments, in situ heating TEM studies were carried out to give profound understanding of high temperature behaviors of HEA nanoparticles as well. This work is dedicated on the TEM studies of HEA nanoparticles and is expected to pave the roadmap for further HEA studies.
Genus statistics using the Delaunay tessellation field estimation method: (I) tests with the Millennium Simulation and the SDSS DR7
Creators: name: Zhang, Youcai
name: Springel, Volker
name: Yang, Xiaohu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the topology of cosmic large-scale structure through the genus statistics, using galaxy catalogues generated from the Millennium Simulation and observational data from the latest Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release (SDSS DR7). We introduce a new method for constructing galaxy density fields and for measuring the genus statistics of its isodensity surfaces. It is based on a Delaunay tessellation field estimation (DTFE) technique that allows the definition of a piece-wise continuous density field and the exact computation of the topology of its polygonal isodensity contours, without introducing any free numerical parameter. Besides this new approach, we also employ the traditional approaches of smoothing the galaxy distribution with a Gaussian of fixed width, or by adaptively smoothing with a kernel that encloses a constant number of neighboring galaxies. Our results show that the Delaunay-based method extracts the largest amount of topological information. Unlike the traditional approach for genus statistics, it is able to discriminate between the different theoretical galaxy catalogues analyzed here, both in real space and in redshift space, even though they are based on the same underlying simulation model. In particular, the DTFE approach detects with high confidence a discrepancy of one of the semi-analytic models studied here compared with the SDSS data, while the other models are found to be consistent.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures, accepted by ApJ
Search for Supersymmetry with displaced vertices and muons using the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: Chavez Gonzalez, Ricardo
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: The results of a search for Supersymmetry (SUSY) using the full 2012 ATLAS dataset with an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb-¹ at √s = 8 TeV are interpreted and presented in the context of gauge mediated SUSY. No events with at least one long-lived particle that decays at a significant distance from its production point into two muons were observed in data. No vertices passed the selection criteria which is consistent with the Standard Model background of 10-³ vertices. The strongest exclusion is observed between 20 mm and 40 mm, with an upper limit of around 10 fb on the gluino pair production cross-section.
Photon spectra from WIMP annihilation
Creators: name: Cembranos, J. A. R.
name: de la Cruz-Dombriz, A.
name: Dobado, A.
name: Lineros, R. A.
name: Maroto, A. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If the present dark matter in the Universe annihilates into Standard Model particles, it must contribute to the fluxes of cosmic rays that are detected on the Earth, and in particular, to the observed gamma ray fluxes. The magnitude of such contribution depends on the particular dark matter candidate, but certain features of the produced photon spectra may be analyzed in a rather model-independent fashion. In this work we provide the complete photon spectra coming from WIMP annihilation into Standard Model particle-antiparticle pairs obtained by extensive Monte Carlo simulations. We present results for each individual annihilation channel and provide analytical fitting formulae for the different spectra for a wide range of WIMP masses.
description: 23 pages, 37 figures and 23 tables
Systematic method of generating new integrable systems via inverse Miura maps
Creators: name: Tsuchida, Takayuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We provide a new natural interpretation of the Lax representation for an integrable system; that is, the spectral problem is the linearized form of a Miura transformation between the original system and a modified version of it. On the basis of this interpretation, we formulate a systematic method of identifying modified integrable systems that can be mapped to a given integrable system by Miura transformations. Thus, this method can be used to generate new integrable systems from known systems through inverse Miura maps; it can be applied to both continuous and discrete systems in 1+1 dimensions as well as in 2+1 dimensions. The effectiveness of the method is illustrated using examples such as the nonlinear Schroedinger (NLS) system, the Zakharov-Ito system (two-component KdV), the three-wave interaction system, the Yajima-Oikawa system, the Ablowitz-Ladik lattice (integrable space-discrete NLS), and two (2+1)-dimensional NLS systems.
description: 48 pages; The method and results were implicitly used in arXiv:nlin/0105053 and arXiv:0712.4373; (v2) added one paragraph on p.12, to appear in JMP Vol.52 (2011)
Application of different concentrations of the natural dye potassium norbixinate (annatto) in polyamide 6.6 fabrics
Creators: name: Gonçalves, Marcel Jefferson
name: de Oliveira, Ariane Canuto Veiga
name: Prando, Amábile Colla
name: de Souza, Carolina Krebs
name: de Cassia Siqueira Curto Valle, Rita
name: Barcellos, Ivonete Oliveira
name: Tavares, Lorena Benathar Ballod
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Science Policy

description: Polyamide fabrics were dyed with concentrations ranging from 4% to 0.25% (o.w.f.) of the natural dye, potassium norbixinate (annatto). The exhaustion, chromatic coordinates, colouristic intensity (K/S), and fastness to washing and rubbing were evaluated. The natural dye was characterised, and its maximum absorption peaks were identified at 452 nm and 482 nm through UV-vis scanning. Its main chemical groups were identified by FTIR-ATR. All dyeings exhibited high exhaustion percentage, with a maximum of 98.4% for 1% dye concentration. The dyed samples displayed visually appealing orange hues, with a maximum K/S value of 6.9. Most of the fastness test results were rated between 5 and 4/5, remaining within the standards established by most textile industries. Potassium norbixinate exhibited a similar tinctorial behaviour to synthetic acid dyes for polyamide, suggesting ionic chemical reaction interaction between dye and polyamide, highlighting the potential use in the textile industry.
Gerson Liebl Makes his Case: Citizenship and (Post-)Colonial Forgetting in Germany
Creators: name: Genske, Sophie
Publisher: name: Global Histories: A Student Journal
Year: 2022

description: Gerson Liebl, grandchild of a German colonial doctor and the Togolese daughter of a chieftain, migrated from Togo to Germany in 1991 and has been fighting for his right to German citizenship based on descendance ever since. But people like Liebl have no legal room in the German bureaucratic judicial system, they—much like their entangled context—have been and still are forgotten by the national public. In this paper, Gerson Liebl’s case shall be traced back in a close examination of sources, such as (Colonial) legal documents and political speeches, first. Subsequently, we shall obtain an overview over the history of the Law on German Citizenship and determine how it has been shaped over time to exclude and define who is in by who is out. The last chapter will follow to look at collective forgetting, referring mostly to Aleida Assmann’s respective theories, and the state of Postcolonialism in Germany, a change of perspective toward collective identities and how they are intertwined with the priorly carved out forgetting of German Colonialism. This will lead us to an understanding of how Liebl’s case represents (the consequences of) colonial remembrance in Germany whose mainstream society meets its transnational past with a defensive, complicit, and comparative silence, shown on this occasion by the Law on Citizenship, that is purposely unable to actively remember and face the manifold follow-ups that continue to live on. Keywords: German Colonialism; Postcolonialism; Remembrance; Forgetting; Migration; History of Law; Citizenship
description: Global Histories: A Student Journal, Vol. 7 No. 2 (2021): Global histories 7 (2)
Exile, Dual Belongings, and Long-Distance Nationalism: The Role of the Irish Diaspora within the Irish Independence Movement, 1919-1921
Creators: name: Duffy, Joseph
Publisher: name: Global Histories: A Student Journal
Year: 2022

description: This paper examines long-distance Irish nationalism between 1919 and 1921. It analyses two primary source bases; the documents adopted by the first meeting of the Dáil Éireann in January 1919, and three speeches recorded by Éamon de Valera in 1921 during a tour of America. It is argued that these sources reflect the instrumental role that the Irish diaspora played in the formation of the Irish state and reveal the symbiotic nature of Irish long-distance nationalism, in which the homeland and diaspora drew strength from one another. The Dáil documents reveal how the Irish nation was conceived by actors who thought globally and looked outward, both to Ireland’s diaspora and to an interconnected world. De Valera’s speeches posited a broad definition of belonging to the global Irish nation that allowed for dual allegiances to the homeland and host country – an elasticity which benefitted the nationalist movement. This loose sense of attachment was connected by feelings of generational loss, exile, and dispossession. This cohering sense of exile was strongly linked to Ireland’s experience of imperialism and led the leaders of the Irish diasporic movement to position themselves between one ascendant (American) and one descendant (British) empire. It is argued that, whilst the Irish diaspora is rightly not considered a ‘classic diaspora’, strong similarities can be drawn between the nationalisms of classic diasporas and Irish long-distance nationalism. Finally, conclusions are offered regarding the ‘Wilsonian moment’, the nature of long-distance nationalisms and the global origins of the Independent Republic of Ireland.
description: Global Histories: A Student Journal, Vol. 7 No. 2 (2021): Global histories 7 (2)
Thin topological insulator film in a perpendicular magnetic field
Creators: name: Zyuzin, A. A.
name: Burkov, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a study of an ultrathin topological insulator film with hybridization between the top and bottom surfaces, placed in a quantizing perpendicular magnetic field. We calculate the full Landau level spectrum of the film as a function of the applied magnetic field and the magnitude of the hybridization matrix element, taking into account both the orbital and the Zeeman spin splitting effects of the field. For an undoped film, we find a quantum phase transition between a state with a zero Hall conductivity and a state with a quantized Hall conductivity equal to $e^2/h$, as a function of the magnitude of the applied field. The transition is driven by the competition between the Zeeman and the hybridization energies.
description: 4+ pages, 1 figure, published version
Review: Ten Days in Harlem: Fidel Castro and the Making of the 1960s -- by Simon Hall
Creators: name: Marzai, Amadeus
Publisher: name: Global Histories: A Student Journal
Year: 2022

description: Ten Days in Harlem: Fidel Castro and the Making of the 1960s. By Simon Hall. London: Faber & Faber, 2020. Hardcover: £17.99. Pp. 276. ISBN: 9780571353064.
description: Global Histories: A Student Journal, Vol. 7 No. 2 (2021): Global histories 7 (2)
Conformal Invariance and Near-extreme Rotating AdS Black Holes
Creators: name: Birkandan, Tolga
name: Cvetič, Mirjam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain retarded Green's functions for massless scalar fields in the background of near-extreme, near-horizon rotating charged black holes of five-dimensional minimal gauged supergravity. The radial part of the (separable) massless Klein-Gordon equation in such general black hole backgrounds is Heun's equation, due to the singularity structure associated with the three black hole horizons. On the other hand, we find the scaling limit for the near-extreme, near-horizon background where the radial equation reduces to a Hypergeometric equation whose $SL(2,{\bf R})^2$ symmetry signifies the underlying two-dimensional conformal invariance, with the two sectors governed by the respective Frolov-Thorne temperatures.
description: 10 pages, the version published in Phys. Rev. D
Tsuda Mamichi and the Global Enlightenment: A Confucian Liberalism
Creators: name: Julsrud, Axel
Publisher: name: Global Histories: A Student Journal
Year: 2022

description: This article reassesses the political thought of the Japanese nineteenth-century scholar of “Western studies”, Tsuda Mamichi, by looking at the ways in which he utilized the Confucian concept of “Principle” in his adaptation of Western political and philosophical ideas. It is argued that Confucianism has been under-appreciated as a dynamic and inventive component of the transnational intellectual transfer of the nineteenth century, termed by Sebastian Conrad the “global Enlightenment”. Tsuda’s use of the concept of Principle legitimized a progressivist world view which accommodated the establishment of new political institutions inspired by Western civilization, most importantly the establishment of a popularly elected national assembly. It is therefore possible to follow Kiri Paramore’s lead and speak of a “Confucian liberalism” when discussing Tsuda’s thought. Finally, it is suggested that Tsuda’s writings provide evidence to refute the historiographical error by which the central concepts of Confucianism have been assumed to be inherently incompatible with “modernity” or “enlightenment thought”, caused in part by earlier Eurocentric scholarship such as “modernization theory”.
description: Global Histories: A Student Journal, Vol. 7 No. 2 (2021): Global histories 7 (2)
‘They were laid down and flogged, their coats are stained with blood’: Making Enslaved Womanhood Through Punishment and Deprivation in the British Caribbean
Creators: name: Akinkunmi, Toyin
Publisher: name: Global Histories: A Student Journal
Year: 2022

description: Reproduction, embodied violence, and a raced experience of gender: these are cornerstone themes in the study of women under slavery. However, this emphasis has resulted in the body playing similar parts in studies of enslaved black womanhood. This article seeks to historicise the conditions by which the body could gain its importance. To this end, this article relies on a close reading of eleven complaint cases, recorded by the Fiscals and Protectors of Slaves between 1819 and 1830, in the British colonies of Berbice and Demerara-Essequibo. Through limited third-person testimony, I seek to explore the ways in which enslaved women perceived what was owed to them by their masters and the Protector. I argue that enslaved womanhood could operate as a process: one borne out of contradictions, where universal issues of overwork, material deprivation, and physical punishment were increasingly treated as having distinctly gendered causes. Moreover, I argue that the era of amelioration within the British Caribbean modified this gendering process. Finally, I evaluate the impact the workarounds that masters were repeatedly allowed when it came to the bodily vulnerability of enslaved women, and the resulting new definition of womanhood that was shared by slavers and colonial authorities alike.
description: Global Histories: A Student Journal, Vol. 7 No. 2 (2021): Global histories 7 (2)
Mitigation of Threshold Voltage Variability by Exploiting Interaction of Oxygen Vacancies and MGG
Creators: name: Sumangala, Madhu Padmanabha
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: The scaling of transistor beyond 65nm was backed by replacing SiO2 by a high-k dielectric material such as HfO2. The use of HfO2 on the silicon bulk introduced positively charged thermodynamic point defect oxygen vacancy. The surplus electrons transferred to the gate of the transistor by oxygen vacancy, creates a dipole and hence affects the local electrostatics. As formation of oxygen vacancy is random and statistical in nature, this will create its own variability. The deposition of metal gate of the transistor in the form of grains of various size along different orientation is known to posses varying workfunctions. This alters the localized flatband voltage causing threshold voltage variability. The higher value of workfunction reduces the surface potential, whereas lower value of the workfunction increases the surface potential. Interestingly, the positively charged oxygen vacancies create voltage spikes. Hence, by carefully placing oxygen vacancies via altering processing conditions, the effect of metal grain granularity can be invalidated. The law of mass action based oxygen vacancy generation model was used to simulate the theory in Synopsys's Sentaurus TCAD Tool. With the proposed method, the threshold voltage variability induced by metal grain granularity was reduced by 50% for 9nm average edge length.
Review: Colonial Fantasies, Imperial Realities: Race Science and the Making of Polishness on the Fringes of the German Empire, 1840–1920 -- by Lenny A. Ureña Valerio
Creators: name: Dargiewicz, Adam
Publisher: name: Global Histories: A Student Journal
Year: 2022

description: Colonial Fantasies, Imperial Realities: Race Science and the Making of Polishness on the Fringes of the German Empire, 1840–1920. By Lenny A. Ureña Valerio. Athens, OH: Ohio University Press, 2019. Hardcover: $34.95. Pp. 320. ISBN: 978-0-8214-2453-7.
description: Global Histories: A Student Journal, Vol. 7 No. 2 (2021): Global histories 7 (2)
Ternifoliasaponin, a new triterpenoid saponin from the roots of Gardenia ternifolia Schumach & Thonn (Rubiaceae)
Creators: name: Yaya, Hassana
name: Dabolé, Bernard
name: Matcheme, Matthieu
name: Nyemb, Jean Noël
name: Moussa, Djaouda
name: Godloves, Fru
name: Farooq, Rabia
name: Koubala, Benoît Bargui
name: Atia, Tul-Wahab
name: Venditti, Alessandro
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: A new triterpenoid saponin, Ternifoliasaponin (1), together with four known compounds (2–5) chikusetsusaponin IVa (2), chikusetsusaponin IVa methyl ester (3), bonushenricoside B (4) and Dianoside C (5) were isolated from roots of Gardenia ternifolia Schumach. & Thonn (Rubiaceae). The structures of isolated compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and chemical methods. The antibacterial activities of compounds (3), and (4) were performed by the Muller–Hinton agar diffusion method. The antimicrobial activities of the compounds were studied on Salmonella typhi (Enterobacteriaceae), Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa microorganisms. Compound (3) at 25 mg/mL, showed moderately sensitive effect (8.0 ˂ DIZ ˂14.0 mm) on S. typhi, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Compound (4) at 25 mg/mL and compound (3) at 12.5 mg/mL exhibited moderately sensitive effect on S. typhi and S. aureus. Compound (4) inhibited moderately sensitive the S. typhi and P. aeruginosa colonies at 12.5 mg/mL.
Review: 1989: A Global History of Eastern Europe -- by James Mark, Bogdan C Iacob, Tobias Rupprecht, and Ljubica Spaskovska (eds.)
Creators: name: Payne, George
Publisher: name: Global Histories: A Student Journal
Year: 2022

description: 1989: A Global History of Eastern Europe. By James Mark, Bogdan C Iacob, Tobias Rupprecht, and Ljubica Spaskovska, eds. New Approaches to European History. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2019. Hardcover: £64.99, Pp. 372, ISBN 9781108427005.
description: Global Histories: A Student Journal, Vol. 7 No. 2 (2021): Global histories 7 (2)
Population Annealing with Weighted Averages: A Monte Carlo Method for Rough Free Energy Landscapes
Creators: name: Machta, Jon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The population annealing algorithm introduced by Hukushima and Iba is described. Population annealing combines simulated annealing and Boltzmann weighted differential reproduction within a population of replicas to sample equilibrium states. Population annealing gives direct access to the free energy. It is shown that unbiased measurements of observables can be obtained by weighted averages over many runs with weight factors related to the free energy estimate from the run. Population annealing is well suited to parallelization and may be a useful alternative to parallel tempering for systems with rough free energy landscapes such as spin glasses. The method is demonstrated for spin glasses.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures; version 2 has improved figure 5 and new title
Three-dimensional Disk-Planet Torques in a Locally Isothermal Disk
Creators: name: D'Angelo, Gennaro
name: Lubow, Stephen H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine an expression for the Type I planet migration torque involving a locally isothermal disk, with moderate turbulent viscosity (~0.0005 < alpha < ~0.05), based on three-dimensional nonlinear hydrodynamical simulations. The radial gradients (in a dimensionless logarithmic form) of density and temperature are assumed to be constant near the planet. We find that the torque is roughly equally sensitive to the surface density and temperature radial gradients. Both gradients contribute to inward migration when they are negative. Our results indicate that two-dimensional calculations with a smoothed planet potential, used to account for the effects of the third dimension, do not accurately determine the effects of density and temperature gradients on the three-dimensional torque. The results suggest that substantially slowing or stopping planet migration by means of changes in disk opacity or shadowing is difficult and appears unlikely for a disk that is locally isothermal. The scalings of the torque and torque density with planet mass and gas sound speed follow the expectations of linear theory. We also determine an improved formula for the torque density distribution that can be used in one-dimensional long-term evolution studies of planets embedded in locally isothermal disks. This formula can be also applied in the presence of mildly varying radial gradients and of planets that open gaps. We illustrate its use in the case of migrating super-Earths and determine some conditions sufficient for survival.
description: 20 pages, 16 figures. To appear in The Astrophysical Journal. Updated with changes and corrections added in proof
Pyripyropene U, a new alkaloid from the sponge-derived fungus Aspergillus sp. SCSIO41420
Creators: name: Chen, Zhu
name: She, Jianglian
name: Liu, Juan
name: Peng, Bo
name: Yuan, Zhimin
name: Zhou, Xuefeng
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: One new alkaloid, named pyripyropene U (1), and six known natural products (2–7) were obtained from the marine sponge-derived fungus Aspergillus sp. SCSIO41420. Their structures were determined by detailed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectroscopic (MS) analyses, while the absolute configurations of the new compound were unambiguously confirmed by theoretical electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation. Those natural products were evaluated in the antimicrobial tests against various fungi and bacteria, and 7 possessed obvious inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213.
Why is Understanding Glassy Polymer Mechanics So Difficult?
Creators: name: Hoy, Robert S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this Perspective, I describe recent work on systems in which the traditional distinctions between (i) unentangled vs. well-entangled systems and (ii) melts vs. glasses seem least useful, and argue for the broader use in glassy polymer mechanics of two more dichotomies: systems which possess (iii) unary vs. binary and (iv) cooperative vs. nonccoperative relaxation dynamics. I discuss the applicability of (iii-iv) to understanding the functional form of glassy strain hardening. Results from molecular dynamics simulations show that the "dramatic" strain hardening observed in densely entangled systems is associated with a crossover from unary, noncooperative to binary, cooperative relaxation as strain increases; chains stretch between entanglement points, altering the character of local plasticity. Promising approaches for future research along these lines are discussed.
description: Results and conclusions same but manuscript extensively edited for clarity. Accepted for publication in J. Polym. Sci. - Polym. Phys
Xylan removal by xylanase for the production of dissolving pulp from bamboo
Creators: name: Zhao, Lingfeng
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: With α-cellulose content and fiber characteristics similar to those of wood, bamboo is an attractive alternative feedstock for the production of dissolving grade pulp. A high level of hemicellulose in bamboo will lead to substantial complications in downstream processing of dissolving pulps into cellulose derivatives such as viscose, acetates, ethers etc. Xylanase treatment is an environment-friendly method that enables the selective removal of xylan (the major hemicellulose in bamboo) without detrimental effects on cellulose. In this study, we investigated a combination of mechanical refining with xylanase treatment for incorporation into a pre-hydrolysis kraft-based bamboo dissolving pulp production process. Laboratory PFI refining and xylanase treatment were combined to improve the xylan removal efficiency. Refining at 9000 revolutions increased the efficiency of subsequent enzymatic treatment resulting in a 44% removal of beta- plus gamma-cellulose with only 3 h of xylanase treatment. The alpha-cellulose content of bleached pulp prepared following combined refining-xylanase treatments was 93.37% (w/w) while the xylan content was only 2.38%. The properties of refined fibers prior to xylanase treatment, such as freeness, water retention value, fiber size and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images were investigated to further understand the underlying mechanism of the effect of refining on enzymatic treatment. The brightness, reactivity and viscosity of bleached bamboo dissolving pulp after ECF bleaching (D-EP-D) sequence were also evaluated. These results demonstrated the feasibility of combining refining and xylanase treatment to produce high quality bamboo dissolving pulp.
Temporal enhancement of super-horizon curvature perturbations from decays of two curvatons and its cosmological consequences
Creators: name: Suyama, Teruaki
name: Yokoyama, Jun'ichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If more than one curvaton dominate the Universe at different epochs from each other, curvature perturbations can be temporarily enhanced to a value much larger than the observed one 10^{-5}. The traces of the enhancement may be left as higher order correlation functions, that is, as non-Gaussianity, the stochastic gravitational waves that are sourced by scalar-scalar mode couplings, as well as the primordial black holes that are formed by the gravitational collapse of the enhanced curvature perturbations. We first confirm that such a temporal enhancement indeed occurs by solving the linearized perturbation equations both numerically and analytically. We then derive an analytic expression of the full-order curvature perturbation which does not rely on the frequently used sudden decay approximation and is exact on super-horizon scales. By using this analytic formula, we provide expressions of the non-linearity parameters f_nl, tau_nl and g_nl. If both two curvatons contribute to the final curvature perturbations, the strong non-Gaussianity appears in the trispectrum rather than in the bispectrum. We also find a unique consistency relation between tau_nl and g_nl without f_nl. By using the second-order perturbation theory, we numerically show that the spectrum of the induced gravitational waves has a plateau corresponding to duration of the enhancement and such gravitational waves can be probed by ultimate-DECIGO and space-based atomic interferometers. We finally calculate the abundance of the primordial black holes and put a constraint on the amplitude of the enhanced curvature perturbations.
description: 32 pages, 7 figures, typos are corrected
Self-Strengthening and Nation-Building in the Eurasian World: Transnational Dynamics of Japan, Germany, and Russia
Creators: name: Beaden, Joseph
Publisher: name: Global Histories: A Student Journal
Year: 2022

description: A shorter historiographical essay, examining the ways ‘space’ might be employed as an analytical category for the study of the nineteenth century. Japan, Germany, and Russia are often seen as latecomers to the modern world (if they arrived at all), and as a consequence are labelled passive recipients of an essentially Atlantic modernity. ‘Eurasia’ as a spatial category has been discarded, as our understanding of space focuses overwhelmingly on connectivity and exchange over conflict and consciousness. This essay argues that, in the realms of economic self-strengthening and the construction of national identities, these polities represent a common ‘Eurasian’ modernity, distinct from Western and colonial forms. The argument roots itself in the novel concept of ‘cognitive space’: space defined not by connectivity, but by coincidences of cognition stemming from common circumstance.
description: Global Histories: A Student Journal, Vol. 7 No. 2 (2021): Global histories 7 (2)
Introduction to the Special Section "Migration and Diaspora"
Creators: name: Caroca González, Felipe Gabriel
name: Duffy, Joseph
name: Genske, Sophie
Publisher: name: Global Histories: A Student Journal
Year: 2022

description: Introduction to the Special Section "Migration and Diaspora"
description: Global Histories: A Student Journal, Vol. 7 No. 2 (2021): Global histories 7 (2)
Metabolites from a Pleurotus tuber-regium collected in Madagascar
Creators: name: Staropoli, Alessia
name: Salvatore, Maria Michela
name: Andolfi, Anna
name: Voyron, Samuele
name: Vinale, Francesco
name: Mello, Antonietta
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Pleurotus tuber-regium was isolated from a dead trunk of Raphia farinifera (Arecaceae) in a lowland moist forest in Antsohihy, Madagascar, and the species was confirmed by molecular analysis and morphological observations. The main bioactive metabolites of the mycelium extracts were identified by mass spectrometry techniques. Five structural diverse metabolites, tryptophol, pyroglutamic acid, prolyldiketopiperazine B, sporol and RKS-1778, were characterised by LC-MS qTOF analysis of the hydro-alcoholic extract. GC-MS analysis of both chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts revealed the presence of several saturated and ­unsaturated fatty acids and their esters derivatives.
2D H-polarized Auxiliary Basis Functions for the Extension of the Photonic Wannier Function Expansion for Photonic Crystal Circuitry
Creators: name: Mack, Patrick
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2011
Subjects: Computational Electrodynamics
Group Theory
Representation Theory
Space Groups

description: Report on accuracy improvements in the numerical computation of localized defect modes (classical light modes) by expanding the wave equations into Wannier functions. Several sets of auxiliary basis functions are suggested which describe non-continuously differentiable magnetic fields in H-polarization properly. Furthermore, improvements of the numerical Souza-Marzari-Vanderbilt Wannier function generation algorithm based on group theoretical analysis are discussed.
First Homologous Series of Iron Pnictide Oxide Superconductors (Fe2As2)(Can+1(Sc,Ti)nOy) [n = 3,4,5] with Extremely Thick Blocking Layers
Creators: name: Ogino, Hiraku
name: Sato, Shinya
name: Kishio, Kohji
name: Shimoyama, Jun-ichi
name: Tohei, Tetsuya
name: Ikuhara, Yuichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have discovered first homologous series of iron pnictide oxide superconductors (Fe2As2)(Can+1(Sc,Ti)nOy) [n = 3,4,5]. These compounds have extremely thick blocking layers up to quintuple perovskite oxide layers sandwiched by the Fe2As2 layers. These samples exhibited bulk superconductivity with relatively high Tc up to 42 K. The relationship between Tc and the iron-plane interlayer distance suggested that superconductivity due to the mono Fe2As2 layer is substantially 40 K-class.
description: 11pages, 5figures
Secret Key Agreement from Vector Gaussian Sources by Rate Limited Public Communication
Creators: name: Watanabe, Shun
name: Oohama, Yasutada
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We investigate the secret key agreement from correlated vector Gaussian sources in which the legitimate parties can use the public communication with limited rate. For the class of protocols with the one-way public communication, we show that the optimal trade-off between the rate of key generation and the rate of the public communication is characterized as an optimization problem of a Gaussian random variable. The characterization is derived by using the enhancement technique introduced by Weingarten et.al. for MIMO Gaussian broadcast channel.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, A part of this paper was presented at 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory in Austin U.S.A, version 2 corrected Remark 6 and added some references
Magnetoelectric coupling at metal surfaces
Creators: name: Gerhard, Lukas Leander
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2012
Subjects: Magnetoelectric coupling
Scanning tunneling microscope

description: Magnetoelectric coupling (MEC) allows to change the magnetic state by an electric field. In bulk metallic systems any electric field is screened and MEC is not expected. However, the screening charge leads to displacements of the atomic cores in the surface which in turn may modify the magnetic order. We found MEC in Fe nanoislands using the electric field of a scanning tunneling microscope. MEC is a fundamental effect that may lead to the development of metallic high-density storage devices.
REGULATIONS ON FUNCTIONAL PRODUCTS IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES
Creators: name: Bondar, M.
Publisher: name: Norwegian Journal of Development of the International Science
Year: 2020
Subjects: functional food products
bifidobacteria
lactobacilli
plant fillers
biological value. prebiotics
probiotics
fruit and berry enrichments
thickeners
fermented sour milk desserts

description: The paper presents a comparison of standards for the manufacture of functional products in the world, provides normative documents for the countries presented in the article. Regulatory principles relating to functional foods in general also apply to functional dairy products. In addition, in the case of probiotic products with laws and regulations regarding the use of yeasts, or intentionally added live microbial cultures used in the food production process, should also be taken into account. Such practices vary considerably from country to country, but in general the human status of probiotics is very unclear, while microbiological feed additives are subject to detailed regulation in the EU.
Cannabinoid Modulation of Development and Neuroprotection in African Naked Mole-Rats
Creators: name: Browe, Brigitte M
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Naked mole-rats display typical subterranean features, but also has unusual characteristics even among subterranean mammals due to unusually large colony sizes. The naked mole-rat provides insights into the complex interplay of evolutionary adaptations to the constraints of subterranean living, the hallmark of which is extreme hypoxia tolerance. Many of the known naked mole-rat adaptations are based in systems modulated by the endocannabinoid (eCB) system. This project characterized the three most relevant to naked mole-rat adaptations: neoteny, low oxygen tolerance, and attenuated hypercapnic pain response. I found that naked mole-rat expression of the endocannabinoid system is delayed in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Additionally, the eCB system has developmentally dependent effects on behavior and physiology. I found novel effects in locomotion, synaptic facilitation, and synaptic plasticity. I also characterized the C-fiber pathway in naked mole-rats and investigating the attenuation of pain through the eCB system. I found that there is a functional purinergic response in naked mole-rats which cannabinoids attenuate, but not inflammatory response after activation. The final aim of the project was to assess the role of endocannabinoids in naked mole-rat hypoxia tolerance. In an analysis of naked mole-rat expression after 5 hours of hypoxia, there is a global decrease in multiple endocannabinoids which is not seen in mice. I looked at the effect of the eCB system on the hippocampus when exposed to anoxia. In immature animals, antagonizing the eCB system was protective. In another age-dependent response, adult animals responded equally to both agonism and antagonism of the eCB system to improve the time to depolarization. In both plasticity and anoxic protection, the adult response may be caused by a species dependent change in the balance of CB1r localization compared to excitatory and inhibitory synapses. Therefore, like other neonatally retained traits, the retention of an immature endocannabinoid system may be due to a need for adult naked mole-rats to mediate neuroprotection through the endocannabinoid system. This project identified multiple areas of interest for therapeutic potential in development, pain, and neuroprotection and reinforced the dynamic potential of the endocannabinoid system to modulate a vast array of functions.
Resetting History's Dial? A Critique of David Graeber and David Wengrow, "The Dawn of Everything: A New History of Humanity"
Creators: name: Scheidel, Walter
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: World History
Social Evolution
Foragers
State Formation
Agrarian Societies
Inequality

description: Graeber and Wengrow’s sprawling new history of freedom has considerable strengths: its emphasis on formative processes that unfolded before literate civilizations appeared, its global reach, and its skepticism about the connection between state power and civilization. But it also suffers from serious shortcomings: the authors’ commitment to an excessively idealist view of historical dynamics, their use of rhetorical strategies that misguide their audience, and their resultant inability to account for broad trajectories of human development.
Untersuchung der Bindung von Lichtregulatoren an die Promotoren lichtinduzierter Gene in Aspergillus nidulans
Creators: name: Hedtke, Maren
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2012
Subjects: Aspergillus nidulans
Lichtwahrnehmung
Phytochrom
Chromatin

description: Licht ist ein wichtiges Umweltsignal, das das Wachstum und die Entwicklung des filamentösen Schimmelpilzes Aspergillus nidulans beeinflusst. In dieser Arbeit wurde die Bindung von Photorezeptoren, Rot- und Blaulichtrezeptoren, an die Promotoren lichtregulierter Gene unter verschiedenen Lichtbedingungen untersucht. Zusätzlich wurde die Rolle dieser Lichtrezeptoren an verschiedenen Histonmodifikationen getestet und Interaktionsstudien mit Chromatin modifizierenden Proteinen durchgeführt.
Brane Holes
Creators: name: Frolov, Valeri P.
name: Mukohyama, Shinji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that in models with large extra dimensions under special conditions one can extract information from the interior of 4D black holes. For this purpose we study an induced geometry on a test brane in the background of a higher dimensional static black string or a black brane. We show that at the intersection surface of the test brane and the bulk black string/brane the induced metric has an event horizon, so that the test brane contains a black hole. We call it a brane hole. When the test brane moves with a constant velocity V with respect to the bulk black object it also has a brane hole, but its gravitational radius r_e is greater than the size of the bulk black string/brane r_0 by the factor (1-V^2)^{-1}. We show that bulk `photon' emitted in the region between r_0 and r_e can meet the test brane again at a point outside r_e. From the point of view of observers on the test brane the events of emission and capture of the bulk `photon' are connected by a spacelike curve in the induced geometry. This shows an example in which extra dimensions can be used to extract information from the interior of a lower dimensional black object. Instead of the bulk black string/brane, one can also consider a bulk geometry without horizon. We show that nevertheless the induced geometry on the moving test brane can include a brane hole. In such a case the extra dimensions can be used to extract information from the complete region of the brane hole interior. We discuss thermodynamic properties of brane holes and interesting questions which arise when such an extra dimensional channel for the information mining exists.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures, version accepted for publication in PRD