cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Violation of Bell inequalities in larger Hilbert spaces: robustness and challenges
Creators: name: Weiss, Werner
name: Benenti, Giuliano
name: Casati, Giulio
name: Guarneri, Italo
name: Calarco, Tommaso
name: Paternostro, Mauro
name: Montangero, Simone
Publisher: name: Universität Ulm
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: robustness
subject: larger Hilbert spaces
subject: optimization
subject: 03.65.Ud
subject: 03.67.Mn
subject: DDC 530 / Physics
subject: Bell’s theorem
subject: Stability
subject: Robust control
subject: Hilbert space
subject: Perturbation (Quantum dynamics)
subject: Standsicherheit
subject: Robustheit
subject: Optimierung
subject: Störung

description: Abstract We explore the challenges posed by the violation of Bell-like inequalities by d-dimensional systems exposed to imperfect state-preparation and measurement settings. We address, in particular, the limit of high-dimensional systems, naturally arising when exploring the quantum-to-classical transition. We show that, although suitable Bell inequalities can be violated, in principle, for any dimension of given subsystems, it is in practice increasingly challenging to detect such violations, even if the system is prepared in a maximally entangled state. We characterize the effects of random perturbations on the state or on the measurement settings, also quantifying the efforts needed to certify the possible violations in case of complete ignorance on the system state at hand.
Enhancement of stability of metastable states in the presence of Lévy noise
Creators: name: Dubkov, A. A.
name: Guarcello, C.
name: Spagnolo, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The barrier-crossing event for superdiffusion characterized by symmetric Lévy flights is analyzed. Starting from the fractional Fokker-Planck equation, we derive an integro-differential equation along with the necessary conditions to calculate the mean residence time of a particle within a fixed interval. We consider an arbitrary smooth potential profile, particularly metastable, with a sink and Lévy noise characterized by both an arbitrary index $α$ and arbitrary noise intensity parameter. For the specific case of Lévy flights with an index $α= 1$ and a cubic metastable potential, a closed expression for the mean residence time is obtained in quadratures. The analytical results reveal an enhancement of the mean residence time in the metastable state due to the influence of Lévy noise.
description: 18 pages, 3 figures
Claraeola hadrosoma
Creators: name: FÖLDVÁRI, MIHÁLY
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Pipunculidae
Claraeola
Claraeola hadrosoma

description: Claraeola hadrosoma (Hardy, 1962)
(FIGS 3E–J)
Pipunculus (Eudorylas) hadrosoma Hardy 1962: 262 — comb. nov.
Diagnosis: OS with a broad base in lateral view, SES clear, with distinct hairs, GP asymmetrical, PG broad, with pointed tip and membranous structures bearing scale-like hairs.
Type material: Madagascar: 1♂, HT, Centre Anjavidilava, 2020m, Andringitra Ambalavao, 17–21.I.58, B. Stuckenberg (MNHN).
Male
Head. Third antennal segment acuminate; yellow. Face silvery pollinose. Frons, upper part shining black, lower part silvery pollinose; eyes touching for distance equal to 4 times ocellar triangle. Occiput, upper half brownish, lower half silvery pollinose.
Thorax. Humeri yellow. Mesonotum (viewed obliquely from front) brownish pollinose; more silvery from the side. Scutellum brown, with 8–10 hairs as long as width of t1 at base. Dorsocentral hairs short, but visible. Halter brown. Legs. Trochanters and base of femora yellow-brown, femora brown dorsally on basal half otherwise yellowish brown (posterior surface of f1,2 silvery pollinose, f3 shining dark brown), knees, tibiae yellow, hind tibia clearly bent. Tarsal segments yellow, last segment brown. Ventroapical row of 6–8 short spines on first four femora; 8–10 spines on 3rd femur, somewhat longer. Subapical (distal) spines on first four tibiae present. No anteromedial hairs on 3rd tibia. Hind trochanter with at least 20–25 hairs on ventral side as long as half the width of first tarsus at base. Pulvilli as long as last tarsal segment.
Wing. Fourth costal section as long as third costal section. Cross-vein R-M beyond 2/5 of discal cell. Pterostigma fully coloured. Four-five dark hairs on tegula.
Abdomen. Tergites viewed obliquely from front brownish pollinose (including hind margins), sides slightly greyish. Hairs dispersed and pale, but longer and stronger on sides of T5. Laterally patch of 12–14 black bristles on first tergite. Postabdomen in dorsal view: S7 visible; T5 as long as ST8. Genitalia without dissection: ST8 large, m.a. small (1/3 of width of ST8), EP elongated, SS with finger-like processes.
Genitalia. Surstyli asymmetrical IS longer, with projection, OS with a broad base in lateral view (maybe part of SES). Borders of SES clearly visible with distinct hairs; gonopods asymmetrical, OG longer (Fig. 3J); phallic guide broad and in lateral view with pointed tip and membranous parts with scale-like hairs; phallus trifid with membranous supporting structure (Fig. 3E, J); ejaculatory apodeme fan-shaped; sperm pump linear (Fig. 3I).
Female—Unknown.
Distribution— Madagascar.
description: Published as part of FÖLDVÁRI, MIHÁLY, 2013, Taxonomic revision of the Afrotropical species of the tribe Eudorylini (Diptera, Pipunculidae), pp. 1-121 in Zootaxa 3656 (1) on page 14, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3656.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6039126
Quantum hard disks on a lattice
Creators: name: Naik, Vighnesh Dattatraya
name: Trigueros, Fabian Ballar
name: Heyl, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We formulate a quantum version of the hard-disk problem on lattices, which exhibits a natural realization in systems of Rydberg atoms. We find that quantum hard disks exihibit unique dynamical quantum features. In 1D, the crystal melting process displays ballistic behavior as opposed to classical sub-diffusion. For 2D, crystal structures remain intact against most defects, whereas classically they are washed out completely. We link this peculiar quantum behavior to quantum many-body scars. Our study highlights the potential of constrained 2D quantum matter to display unique dynamical behaviors.
description: 9 pages, 10 figures
Storozhenkotettix Patano Jr & Skejo & Amoroso & Kasalo 2024, gen. nov.
Creators: name: Patano Jr, Romeo R.
name: Skejo, Josip
name: Amoroso, Victor B.
name: Kasalo, Niko
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Orthoptera
Tetrigidae
Storozhenkotettix

description: Storozhenkotettix gen. nov.
Justification of the establishment of the new genus. Storozhenkotettix amphinotoides comb. nov. was previously assigned to Bolivaritettix Günther, 1939, of which the type species is Bolivaritettix sculptus (Bolívar, 1887). The new genus differs from B. sculptus in major ways, namely: (i) the shape of vertex (rounded in B. sculptus, trapezoidal in S. amphinotoides comb. nov.); (ii) the structure of pronotum (median carina forming crests, other carinae low in B. sculptus; median carina low, many elevated carinulae in S. amphinotoides comb. nov.); (iii) the structure of femora (mostly smooth in B. sculptus, tuberculated in S. amphinotoides comb. nov.). S. amphinotoides comb. nov. is thus excluded from Bolivaritettix and assigned to the new genus, which is classified under Trusmaditetrigini due to its similarity to Trusmaditetrix Storozhenko, 2023.
Diagnosis. (i) vertex as wide as an eye; (ii) carinae of vertex forming low horns; (iii) vertex trapezoidal in dorsal view; (iv) bifurcation of frontal costa at top of face; (v) paired ocelli in bottom third of face; (vi) top of antennal groove at bottom margin of eyes; (vii) fore femora approximately as long as the combined length of the head and prozona; (viii) pronotal apex narrow and bifurcated; (ix) lack of tegmina and alae; (x) bilobate apex of pronotum; (xi) lateral lobes projected outward; (xii) third segment of hind tarsus approximately equal in length to the first.
Differential diagnosis. Most similar to Trusmaditetrix, but easily differentiated from it by: (i) fore femora much shorter than in Trusmaditetrix; (ii) facial features lower in Trusmaditetrix due to concave vertex in anterior view; (iii) lack of wings (Trusmaditetrix is fully winged); (iv) bilobate pronotal apex (narrow rounded apex in Trusmaditetrix).
Easily separated from all other Trusmaditetrigini members by: (i) narrow vertex; (ii) long pronotum (reaching tip of abdomen; (iii) relatively narrow bilobate pronotal apex.
Type species. Storozhenkotettix amphinotoides comb. nov.
Composition. Monotypic, including only S. amphinotoides comb. nov.
Distribution. Mindanao, Siargao.
Etymology. Named after Sergey Yurievich Storozhenko, a tetrigidologist who described many important taxa. The suffix -tettix refers to the Ancient Greek word for “grasshopper”, making the name of masculine gender.
description: Published as part of Patano Jr, Romeo R., Skejo, Josip, Amoroso, Victor B. & Kasalo, Niko, 2024, Storozhenkotettix, a new genus of Trusmaditetrigini (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) from Mindanao, with notes on Bolivaritettix, pp. 577-586 in Zootaxa 5453 (4) on page 580, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5453.4.8, http://zenodo.org/record/11239843
Multipath correlation interference and controlled-NOT gate simulation with a thermal source
Creators: name: Tamma, Vincenzo
name: Seiler, Johannes
Publisher: name: Universität Ulm
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: photon statistics
subject: correlation measurements
subject: multiphoton interference
subject: thermal sources
subject: multiphoton correlations
subject: 42.50.-p
subject: 42.50.Ar
subject: DDC 530 / Physics
subject: Truth Coherence theory
subject: Kohärenztheorie

description: Abstract We theoretically demonstrate a counter-intuitive phenomenon in optical interferometry with a thermal source: the emergence of second-order interference between two pairs of correlated optical paths even if the time delay imprinted by each path in one pair with respect to each path in the other pair is much larger than the source coherence time. This fundamental effect could be useful for experimental simulations of small-scale quantum circuits and of 100%-visibility correlations typical of entangled states of a large number of qubits, with possible applications in high-precision metrology and imaging. As an example, we demonstrate the polarization-encoded simulation of the operation of the quantum logic gate known as controlled-NOT gate.
Parabolicity of invariant Surfaces
Creators: name: Del Prete, Andrea
name: Garcia, Vicent Gimeno i
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 58J05, 31A05, 53A10, 58J65, 58D19

description: We present a clear and practical way to characterize the parabolicity of a complete immersed surface that is invariant with respect to a Killing vector field of the ambient space.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures
From Bayes-optimal to heuristic decision-making in a two-alternative forced choice task with an information-theoretic bounded rationality model
Creators: name: Lindig-León, Cecilia
name: Kaur, Nehchal
name: Braun, Daniel A
Publisher: name: Universität Ulm
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Bounded rationality, heuristics, decision-making
subject: Bayes-optimality
subject: heuristics
subject: bounded rationality
subject: DDC 004 / Data processing & computer science
subject: Heuristic algorithms
subject: Decision making
subject: Information theory
subject: Eingeschränkte Rationalität
subject: Entscheidungsträger
subject: Informationstheorie

description: Bayes optimal and heuristic decision-making schemes are often considered fundamentally opposed to each other as a framework for studying human choice behavior, although recently it has been proposed that bounded rationality may provide a natural bridge between the two when varying information-processing resources. Here, we investigate a two-alternative forced choice task with varying time constraints, where subjects have to assign multi-component symbolic patterns to one of two stimulus classes. As expected, we find that subjects' response behavior becomes more imprecise with more time pressure. However, we also see that their response behavior changes qualitatively. By regressing subjects' decision weights, we find that decisions allowing for plenty of decision time rely on weighing multiple stimulus features, whereas decisions under high time pressure are made mostly based on a single feature. While the first response pattern is in line with a Bayes-optimal decision strategy, the latter could be considered as an instantiation of heuristic decision-making with cue discounting. When fitting a bounded rational decision model with multiple feature channels and varying information-processing capacity to subjects' responses, we find that the model is able to capture subjects' behavioral change. The model successfully reflects the simplicity of heuristics as well as the efficiency of optimal decision making, thus acting as a bridge between the two approaches.
Trombiculindus macrosphenum
Creators: name: Nielsen, David H.
name: Robbins, Richard G.
name: Rueda, Leopoldo M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Actinedida
Trombiculidae
Trombiculindus
Trombiculindus macrosphenum

description: Trombiculindus macrosphenum (Traub, Nadchatram and Lakshana, 1968):
ORI
Leptotrombidium (Trombiculindus) macrosphenum Traub, Nadchatram and Lakshana, 1968
Trombiculindus macrosphenum, Chaisiri et al. 2016; Stekolnikov 2021
description: Published as part of Nielsen, David H., Robbins, Richard G. & Rueda, Leopoldo M., 2021, Annotated world checklist of the Trombiculidae and Leeuwenhoekiidae (1758 - 2021) (Acari: Trombiculoidea), with notes on nomenclature, taxonomy, and distribution, pp. 1-243 in Zootaxa 4967 (1) on page 188, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4967.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4745510
Overcoming loss of contrast in atom interferometry due to gravity gradients
Creators: name: Roura, Albert
name: Zeller, Wolfgang
name: Schleich, Wolfgang P.
Publisher: name: Universität Ulm
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: equivalence principle tests
subject: DDC 530 / Physics
subject: Atom interferometry
subject: Bose-Einstein condensation
subject: Bose-Einstein-Kondensation

description: Abstract Long-time atom interferometry is instrumental to various high-precision measurements of fundamental physical properties, including tests of the equivalence principle. Due to rotations and gravity gradients, the classical trajectories characterizing the motion of the wave packets for the two branches of the interferometer do not close in phase space, an effect which increases significantly with the interferometer time. The relative displacement between the interfering wave packets in such open interferometers leads to a fringe pattern in the density profile at each exit port and a loss of contrast in the oscillations of the integrated particle number as a function of the phase shift. Paying particular attention to gravity gradients, we present a simple mitigation strategy involving small changes in the timing of the laser pulses which is very easy to implement. A useful representation-free description of the state evolution in an atom interferometer is introduced and employed to analyze the loss of contrast and mitigation strategy in the general case. (As a by-product, a remarkably compact derivation of the phase-shift in a general light-pulse atom interferometer is provided.) Furthermore, exact results are obtained for (pure and mixed) Gaussian states which allow a simple interpretation in terms of the alignment of Wigner functions in phase-space. Analytical results are also obtained for expanding Bose–Einstein condensates within the time-dependent Thomas–Fermi approximation. Finally, a combined strategy for rotations and nonaligned gravity gradients is considered as well.
Clistoabdominalis Skevington 2001
Creators: name: FÖLDVÁRI, MIHÁLY
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Pipunculidae
Clistoabdominalis

description: B) REVISION OF THE GENUS CLISTOABDOMINALIS SKEVINGTON, 2001
Clistoabdominalis Skevington in Skevington and Yeates, 2001: 435.
Type species: Pipunculus helluo Perkins, 1905, by original designation.
Diagnosis—Pedicel with very short bristles, pterostigma usually present. Distal tibial spines often present on front and mid tibiae. Tergite 1 with lateral fan of setae absent or minute, tergite 6 often with lateral protuberances, membranous area of ST8 usually absent, phallus trifid, ejaculatory apodeme usually funnel- shaped or three-sided, very large, with a swollen basal rosette. For more details see Skevington and Yeates (2001).
description: Published as part of FÖLDVÁRI, MIHÁLY, 2013, Taxonomic revision of the Afrotropical species of the tribe Eudorylini (Diptera, Pipunculidae), pp. 1-121 in Zootaxa 3656 (1) on page 17, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3656.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6039126
Testing the postulates of quantum mechanics with coherent states of light and homodyne detection
Creators: name: Conlon, Lorcan O.
name: Walsh, Angus
name: Hua, Yuhan
name: Thearle, Oliver
name: Vogl, Tobias
name: Eilenberger, Falk
name: Lam, Ping Koy
name: Assad, Syed M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum mechanics has withstood every experimental test thus far. However, it relies on ad-hoc postulates which require experimental verification. Over the past decade there has been a great deal of research testing these postulates, with numerous tests of Born's rule for determining probabilities and the complex nature of the Hilbert space being carried out. Although these tests are yet to reveal any significant deviation from textbook quantum theory, it remains important to conduct such tests in different configurations and using different quantum states. Here we perform the first such test using coherent states of light in a three-arm interferometer combined with homodyne detection. Our proposed configuration requires additional assumptions, but allows us to use quantum states which exist in a larger Hilbert space compared to previous tests. For testing Born's rule, we find that the third order interference is bounded to be $κ$ = 0.002 $\pm$ 0.004 and for testing whether quantum mechanics is complex or not we find a Peres parameter of F = 1.0000 $\pm$ 0.0003 (F = 1 corresponds to the expected complex quantum mechanics). We also use our experiment to test Glauber's theory of optical coherence.
description: 11 pages, comments very welcome
Covariant cosmography: the observer-dependence of the Hubble parameter
Creators: name: Maartens, Roy
name: Santiago, Jessica
name: Clarkson, Chris
name: Kalbouneh, Basheer
name: Marinoni, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The disagreement between low- and high-redshift measurements of the Hubble parameter is emerging as a serious challenge to the standard model of cosmology. We develop a covariant cosmographic analysis of the Hubble parameter in a general spacetime, which is fully model-independent and can thus be used as part of a robust assessment of the tension. Here our focus is not on the tension but on understanding the relation between the physical expansion rate and its measurement by observers -- which is critical for model-independent measurements and tests. We define the physical Hubble parameter and its multipoles in a general spacetime and derive for the first time the covariant boost transformation of the multipoles measured by a heliocentric observer. The analysis is extended to the covariant deceleration parameter. Current cosmographic measurements of the expansion anisotropy contain discrepancies and disagreements, some of which may arise because the correct transformations for a moving observer are not applied. A heliocentric observer will detect a dipole, generated not only by a Doppler effect, but also by an aberration effect due to shear. In principle, the observer can measure both the intrinsic shear anisotropy and the velocity of the observer relative to the matter -- without any knowledge of peculiar velocities, which are gauge dependent and do not arise in a covariant approach. The practical implementation of these results is investigated in a follow-up paper. We further show that the standard cosmographic relation between the Hubble parameter, the redshift and the luminosity distance (or magnitude) is not invariant under boosts and holds only in the matter frame. A moving observer who applies the standard cosmographic relation should correct the luminosity distance by a redshift factor -- otherwise an incorrect dipole and a spurious octupole are predicted.
description: Version accepted by JCAP: additional results and clarifications
All-optical magnetic resonance of high spectral resolution using a nitrogen-vacancy spin in diamond
Creators: name: Wang, Zhen-Yu
name: Cai, Jian-Ming
name: Retzker, Alex
name: Plenio, Martin B.
Publisher: name: Universität Ulm
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: optical control
subject: nitrogen-vacancy center
subject: DDC 530 / Physics
subject: Magnetic resonance microscopy
subject: NMR-Spektroskopie

description: Abstract We propose an all-optical scheme to prolong the quantum coherence of a negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond at cryogenic temperatures. Optical control of the NV spin suppresses energy fluctuations of the ground states and forms an energy gap protected subspace. By optical control, the spectral linewidth of magnetic resonance is much narrower and the measurement of the frequencies of magnetic field sources has higher resolution. The optical control also improves the sensitivity of the magnetic field detection and can provide measurement of the directions of signal sources.
Dirichlet series as interfering probability amplitudes for quantum measurements
Creators: name: Feiler, Cornelia
name: Schleich, Wolfgang P.
Publisher: name: Universität Ulm
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: non-linear oscillator
subject: logarithmic energy spectrum
subject: Riemann zeta function
subject: Berry–Keating representation
subject: DDC 530 / Physics
subject: Dirichlet series
subject: Logarithmic functions
subject: Analytic continuation
subject: Dirichlet-Reihe
subject: Analytische Fortsetzung

description: Abstract We show that all Dirichlet series, linear combinations of them and their analytical continuations represent probability amplitudes for measurements on time-dependent quantum systems. In particular, we connect an arbitrary Dirichlet series to the time evolution of an appropriately prepared quantum state in a non-linear oscillator with logarithmic energy spectrum. However, the realization of a superposition of two Dirichlet sums and its analytical continuation requires two quantum systems which are entangled, and a joint measurement. We illustrate our approach of implementing arbitrary Dirichlet series in quantum systems using the example of the Riemann zeta function and relate its non-trivial zeros to the interference of two quantum states reminiscent of a Schrödinger cat.
Gingival displacement in the vertical and horizontal dimension under the condition of mild gingivitis-a randomized clinical study
Creators: name: Kuhn, Katharina
name: Zügel, David
name: Korbay, Victor-Sebastian A.
name: Papas, Thomas
name: Schnutenhaus, Sigmar
name: Luthardt, Ralph G.
name: Dreyhaupt, Jens
name: Rudolph, Heike
Publisher: name: Universität Ulm
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: gingival displacement
subject: double cord technique
subject: aluminum chloride paste
subject: experimentally induced gingivitis
subject: digitization
subject: computer-assisted analysis
subject: DDC 610 / Medicine & health
subject: Dental impression technique
subject: Gingiva
subject: Gingivitis
subject: Image processing, Computer-assisted
subject: Zahnmedizin
subject: Digitaltechnik
subject: Zahnfleischentzündung

description: This randomized clinical study aimed at quantifying the gingival displacement performance in the vertical and horizontal directions of the 3M™ Astringent Retraction Paste (3M Oral Care, Seefeld, Germany) in comparison with the double-cord technique with aluminum chloride as an astringent. Afterward, any soft-tissue changes were assessed for 12 months. After inducing mild gingivitis, 18 probands received the intervention ‘cord’ and 22 probands received the intervention ‘paste’ at the palatal half of upper premolars prior to conventional impression making. The resulting plaster casts were digitized and analyzed for the vertical and horizontal gingival displacement, applying a newly developed computer-assisted methodology. The entire palatal half of the tooth was evaluated instead of only single sites. Under the condition of mild gingivitis, the gingival displacement performance was comparable for both techniques in the horizontal direction (width) and only somewhat better for the cord technique in the vertical direction (depth). The magnitude of displacement was in a similar range in both directions, with somewhat higher values in the vertical direction. The marginal gingiva height changes were of such low extent during the follow-up period of 12 months with only minimally higher values for the paste that they cannot be considered as clinically relevant recessions.
WELL Factsheet: Health impact of handwashing with soap
Creators: name: Ensink, Jeroen
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2024

description: Hygiene promotion, together with improved water supply and sanitation, is a key component of intervention programmes which aim to reduce the burden of diarrhoeal diseases in developing countries. However, the impact of hygiene promotion, and the washing of hands with soap in particular, has wider health implications. This fact sheet gathers the available evidence of the health impact of the promotion of handwashing with soap in developing countries and highlights the gaps in our knowledge.Produced by WEDC and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine for the Department of International Development (DFID) of the UK government (now the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO)), this archive collection of WELL factsheets remains relevant. It covers topics ranging from the anaerobic treatment of municipal wastewater through to water quality and safety plans.
Multi-Objective Optimization and Network Routing with Near-Term Quantum Computers
Creators: name: Chiew, Shao-Hen
name: Poirier, Kilian
name: Mishra, Rajesh
name: Bornheimer, Ulrike
name: Munro, Ewan
name: Foon, Si Han
name: Chen, Christopher Wanru
name: Lim, Wei Sheng
name: Nga, Chee Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multi-objective optimization is a ubiquitous problem that arises naturally in many scientific and industrial areas. Network routing optimization with multi-objective performance demands falls into this problem class, and finding good quality solutions at large scales is generally challenging. In this work, we develop a scheme with which near-term quantum computers can be applied to solve multi-objective combinatorial optimization problems. We study the application of this scheme to the network routing problem in detail, by first mapping it to the multi-objective shortest path problem. Focusing on an implementation based on the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) -- the go-to approach for tackling optimization problems on near-term quantum computers -- we examine the Pareto plot that results from the scheme, and qualitatively analyze its ability to produce Pareto-optimal solutions. We further provide theoretical and numerical scaling analyses of the resource requirements and performance of QAOA, and identify key challenges associated with this approach. Finally, through Amazon Braket we execute small-scale implementations of our scheme on the IonQ Harmony 11-qubit quantum computer.
Measurements of neutron total and capture cross sections of $^{139}$La and evaluation of resonance parameters
Creators: name: Endo, Shunsuke
name: Kawamura, Shiori
name: Okudaira, Takuya
name: Yoshikawa, Hiromoto
name: Rovira, Gerard
name: Kimura, Atsushi
name: Nakamura, Shoji
name: Iwamoto, Osamu
name: Iwamoto, Nobuyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutron total and capture cross sections of Lanthanum(La)-139 were measured at the Accurate Ne-utron-Nucleus Reaction measurement Instrument (ANNRI) of the Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility (MLF) in the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC). The total cross section was largely different from that in evaluated libraries, such as JENDL-5, in the energy range from 80 to 900~eV. Resonance parameters for four resonances including one negative resonance were obtained using a resonance analysis code, REFIT. The resonance analysis revealed discrepancies in several resonance parameters with the evaluated libraries. Furthermore, the information about the scattering radius was also extracted from the results of the total cross section. The obtained scattering radius was larger than that recorded in the evaluated libraries.
description: 12 pages, 16 figures
Order, chaos, and dimensionality transition in a system of swarmalators
Creators: name: Lizarraga, Joao U. F.
name: O'Keeffe, Kevin P.
name: de Aguiar, Marcus A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Similar to sperm, where individuals self-organize in space while also striving for coherence in their tail swinging, several natural and engineered systems exhibit the emergence of swarming and synchronization. The arising and interplay of these phenomena have been captured by collectives of hypothetical particles named swarmalators, each possessing a position and a phase whose dynamics are affected reciprocally and also by the space-phase states of their neighbors. In this work, we introduce a solvable model of swarmalators able to move in two-dimensional spaces. We show that several static and active collective states can emerge and derive necessary conditions for each to show up as the model parameters are varied. These conditions elucidate, in some cases, the displaying of multistability among states. Notably, in the active regime, individuals behave chaotically, maintaining spatial correlation under certain conditions, and breaking it under others on what we interpret as a dimensionality transition.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures
Chronic N-acetylcysteine treatment improves anhedonia and cognition in a mouse model of the schizophrenia prodrome
Creators: name: Bühner, Lukas Marius
name: Kapanaiah, Sampath K. T.
name: Kätzel, Dennis
Publisher: name: Universität Ulm
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: N-acetylcysteine
subject: cyclin-D2
subject: early-intervention
subject: prodrome
subject: cognitive flexibility
subject: working memory
subject: DDC 570 / Life sciences
subject: DDC 610 / Medicine & health
subject: Schizophrenia; Therapy
subject: Memory, Short-term
subject: Acetylcysteine; Therapeutic use
subject: Anhedonia
subject: Schizophrenie
subject: Therapie
subject: Acetylcystein
subject: Anhedonie
subject: Arbeitsgedächtnis

description: Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder whose neurodevelopmental pathogenesis includes a prodromal phase before its diagnostically decisive—namely psychotic—symptoms are present. This prodrome is characterized by cognitive and affective deficits, and it may constitute a critical time period for an early therapeutic intervention to improve or even prevent further disease development. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is an easily repurposable compound that has recently shown promise in improving non-psychotic symptoms in patients with established schizophrenia. Its therapeutic mechanism may involve the amelioration of circuit abnormalities like a hyper-glutamatergic state and oxidative stress in cortex which have been proposed to drive the pathogenesis of this disease. However, it is currently unknown to what extent NAC can actually improve prodromal aberrations. To investigate this preclinically, we deployed the cyclin-D2 knockout mouse model (CD2-KO) that shares physiological and behavioral abnormalities with the schizophrenia prodrome, including a hyperactive CA1 region, and cognitive and affective deficits. Applying NAC chronically in drinking water (0.9 g/l) during development (∼P22–P70), we found that excessive novelty-induced hyperlocomotion was neither ameliorated during (∼P68) nor after (∼P75) treatment; similarly, T-maze working memory (tested after treatment; ∼P84) was unaffected. However, once chronic NAC treatment was resumed (at approximately P134) in those mice that had received it before, working memory, cognitive flexibility (tested under NAC), and anhedonia (sucrose-preference, tested 1 day after NAC-treatment stopped) were improved in CD2-KO mice. This suggests that chronic NAC treatment may be a therapeutic strategy to improve some cognitive and affective dysfunctions in the schizophrenia prodrome.
Guaranteed Nonconvex Factorization Approach for Tensor Train Recovery
Creators: name: Qin, Zhen
name: Wakin, Michael B.
name: Zhu, Zhihui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we provide the first convergence guarantee for the factorization approach. Specifically, to avoid the scaling ambiguity and to facilitate theoretical analysis, we optimize over the so-called left-orthogonal TT format which enforces orthonormality among most of the factors. To ensure the orthonormal structure, we utilize the Riemannian gradient descent (RGD) for optimizing those factors over the Stiefel manifold. We first delve into the TT factorization problem and establish the local linear convergence of RGD. Notably, the rate of convergence only experiences a linear decline as the tensor order increases. We then study the sensing problem that aims to recover a TT format tensor from linear measurements. Assuming the sensing operator satisfies the restricted isometry property (RIP), we show that with a proper initialization, which could be obtained through spectral initialization, RGD also converges to the ground-truth tensor at a linear rate. Furthermore, we expand our analysis to encompass scenarios involving Gaussian noise in the measurements. We prove that RGD can reliably recover the ground truth at a linear rate, with the recovery error exhibiting only polynomial growth in relation to the tensor order. We conduct various experiments to validate our theoretical findings.
Articulating Values and Engaging Stakeholders: Dilemmas for Libraries in Advancing Open Publish
Creators: name: Prinčič, Alenka
name: Praal, Fleur
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This workshop will explore the possible tensions between the responsibilities assigned to research libraries and the incentives that drive researchers’ publication practices. Such tensions emerge despite the values research libraries and academics share regarding the scholarly communication system. We will consider the implementation of values and principles, through discussing dilemmas that appose both libraries and researchers, in particular regarding the use of open publishing platforms, such as ORE. Libraries may want to advance such platforms, yet meet hesitation from scholarly authors. How do libraries engage stakeholders, without stretching the bounds of their responsibilities? Through perspective-taking, the workshop will exercise articulating and prioritizing strategic values, resulting in a framework of principles that inform practice.
Dasydorylas Skevington 2001
Creators: name: FÖLDVÁRI, MIHÁLY
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Pipunculidae
Dasydorylas

description: C) REVISION OF THE GENUS DASYDORYLAS SKEVINGTON, 2001
Dasydorylas Skevington in Skevington and Yeates, 2001: 435.
Type species. Pipunculus eucalypti Perkins, 1905, by original designation.
Diagnosis—Pterostigma present; notopleuron often with dense bush of long setae; scutellum often with well developed fringe of long setae; front femur usually with rows of ventral spines; femora usually with posterodorsal row of long, black setae; distal tibial spines present on front and mid tibiae; tegula usually with cluster of setae; ST8 with membranous area; surstyli usually turned up distally at 90°; subepandrial sclerite usually with dense setae at connection with surstyli; hypandrium often with cluster of anteromedial bristles; phallic guide usually narrow, no wider than deep; phallus trifid; ejaculatory apodeme usually funnel-shaped; sperm pump usually vase-shaped, with lateral flange around entire upper surface. For more details see Skevington and Yeates (2001).
description: Published as part of FÖLDVÁRI, MIHÁLY, 2013, Taxonomic revision of the Afrotropical species of the tribe Eudorylini (Diptera, Pipunculidae), pp. 1-121 in Zootaxa 3656 (1) on page 23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3656.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6039126
Remarks on Yangian-type algebras and double Poisson brackets
Creators: name: Olshanski, Grigori
name: Safonkin, Nikita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This short note is an announcement of results. We continue the study of Yangian-type algebras initiated in the paper arXiv:2208.04809. These algebras share a number of properties of the Yangians of type A but are more massive. We refine and substantially enlarge the construction of that paper. A direct link with the class of linear double Poisson brackets on the free associative algebras (Pichereau and Van de Weyer, arXiv:math/0701837) is also established.
Fundamental Theorems of Calculus and Zinbiel Algebras
Creators: name: Lemay, Jean-Simon Pacaud
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13N15, 17B38

description: Derivations are linear operators which satisfy the Leibniz rule, while integrations are linear operators which satisfy the Rota-Baxter rule. In this paper, we introduce the notion of an FTC-pair, which consists of an algebra and module with a derivation and integration between them which together satisfy analogues of the two Fundamental Theorems of Calculus. In the special case of when an algebra is seen as a module over itself, we show that this sort of FTC-pair is precisely the same thing as an integro-differential algebra. We provide various constructions of FTC-pairs, as well as numerous examples of FTC-pairs including some based on polynomials, smooth functions, Hurwitz series, and shuffle algebras. Moreover, it is well known that integrations are closely related to Zinbiel algebras. The main result of this paper is that the category of FTC-pairs is equivalent to the category of Zinbiel algebras.
description: Accepted and published in Communications in Algebra
In situ monitoring of Lentilactobacillus parabuchneri biofilm formation via real-time infrared spectroscopy
Creators: name: Bajrami, Diellza
name: Fischer, Stephan
name: Barth, Holger
name: Sarquis, María A.
name: Ladero, Victor M.
name: Fernández, María
name: Sportelli, Maria C.
name: Cioffi, Nicola
name: Kranz, Christine
name: Mizaikoff, Boris
Publisher: name: Universität Ulm
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Antimicrobials
subject: DDC 570 / Life sciences
subject: Anti-infective agents
subject: Biofilms
subject: Antimikrobieller Wirkstoff
subject: Biofilm

description: Foodborne pathogenic microorganisms form biofilms at abiotic surfaces, which is a particular challenge in food processing industries. The complexity of biofilm formation requires a fundamental understanding on the involved molecular mechanisms, which may then lead to efficient prevention strategies. In the present study, biogenic amine producing bacteria, i.e., Lentilactobacillus parabuchneri DSM 5987 strain isolated from cheese were studied in respect with biofilm formation, which is of substantial relevance given their contribution to the presence of histamine in dairy products. While scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate biofilm adhesion at stainless steel surfaces, in situ infrared attenuated total reflection spectroscopy (IR-ATR) using a custom flow-through assembly was used for real-time and non-destructive observations of biofilm formation during a period of several days. The spectral window of 1700–600 cm−1 provides access to vibrational signatures characteristic for identifying and tracking L. parabuchneri biofilm formation and maturation. Especially, the amide I and II bands, lactic acid produced as the biofilm matures, and a pronounced increase of bands characteristic for extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) provide molecular insight into biofilm formation, maturation, and changes in biofilm architecture. Finally, multivariate data evaluation strategies were applied facilitating the unambiguous classification of the observed biofilm changes via IR spectroscopic data.
A Survey on Hardware Accelerators for Large Language Models
Creators: name: Kachris, Christoforos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: B.5; C.1; C.3

description: Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for natural language processing tasks, revolutionizing the field with their ability to understand and generate human-like text. As the demand for more sophisticated LLMs continues to grow, there is a pressing need to address the computational challenges associated with their scale and complexity. This paper presents a comprehensive survey on hardware accelerators designed to enhance the performance and energy efficiency of Large Language Models. By examining a diverse range of accelerators, including GPUs, FPGAs, and custom-designed architectures, we explore the landscape of hardware solutions tailored to meet the unique computational demands of LLMs. The survey encompasses an in-depth analysis of architecture, performance metrics, and energy efficiency considerations, providing valuable insights for researchers, engineers, and decision-makers aiming to optimize the deployment of LLMs in real-world applications.
Echoes of Antiquity in the Early Irish Song of Amergin
Creators: name: Graham, Lloyd
Publisher: name: Academia.edu
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Irish poetry--Middle Irish
subject: Irish poetry--Middle Irish--Manuscripts
subject: Irish philology
subject: Irish literature--Middle Irish
subject: Mythology, Celtic
subject: Amergin (Legendary character)

description: The purpose of this brief paper is to highlight similarities between the 'first poem spoken in Ireland' and certain classical and scriptural motifs, some of which may hitherto have gone unnoticed. The poem is an invocation uttered by Amergin Glúingel, the Milesian Druid, as he set his right foot upon Ireland; its text is recorded in the eleventh-century Lebor Gabála Érenn, usually known in English as the Book of Invasions.
Asymptotics for Short Maturity Asian Options in Jump-Diffusion models with Local Volatility
Creators: name: Pirjol, Dan
name: Zhu, Lingjiong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Pricing of Securities (q-fin.PR)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We present a study of the short maturity asymptotics for Asian options in a jump-diffusion model with a local volatility component, where the jumps are modeled as a compound Poisson process. The analysis for out-of-the-money Asian options is extended to models with Lévy jumps, including the exponential Lévy model as a special case. Both fixed and floating strike Asian options are considered. Explicit results are obtained for the first-order asymptotics of the Asian options prices for a few popular models in the literature: the Merton jump-diffusion model, the double-exponential jump model, and the Variance Gamma model. We propose an analytical approximation for Asian option prices which satisfies the constraints from the short-maturity asymptotics, and test it against Monte Carlo simulations. The asymptotic results are in good agreement with numerical simulations for sufficiently small maturity.
description: 28 pages, 3 figures, 5 tables
Trombiculindus manis
Creators: name: Nielsen, David H.
name: Robbins, Richard G.
name: Rueda, Leopoldo M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Actinedida
Trombiculidae
Trombiculindus
Trombiculindus manis

description: Trombiculindus manis (Schluger, 1955):
PAL
Trombicula manis Schluger, 1955
Trombicula (Trombiculindus) manis Schluger, 1957
Trombiculindus manis, Sosnina & Schluger 1963; Kudryashova, 1998
Leptotrombidium (Trombiculindus) manis, Kudryashova 1979b
Leptotrombidium (Trombiculindus) mane, Vercammen-Grandjean & Langston 1976
description: Published as part of Nielsen, David H., Robbins, Richard G. & Rueda, Leopoldo M., 2021, Annotated world checklist of the Trombiculidae and Leeuwenhoekiidae (1758 - 2021) (Acari: Trombiculoidea), with notes on nomenclature, taxonomy, and distribution, pp. 1-243 in Zootaxa 4967 (1) on page 188, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4967.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4745510