cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Least-squares reverse-time migration
Creators: name: Yao, Gang
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2013

description: Conventional migration methods, including reverse-time migration (RTM) have two weaknesses: first, they use the adjoint of forward-modelling operators, and second, they usually apply a crosscorrelation imaging condition to extract images from reconstructed wavefields. Adjoint operators, which are an approximation to inverse operators, can only correctly calculate traveltimes (phase), but not amplitudes. To preserve the true amplitudes of migration images, it is necessary to apply the inverse of the forward-modelling operator. Similarly, crosscorrelation imaging conditions also only correct traveltimes (phase) but do not preserve amplitudes. Besides, the examples show crosscorrelation imaging conditions produce strong sidelobes. Least-squares migration (LSM) uses both inverse operators and deconvolution imaging conditions. As a result, LSM resolves both problems in conventional migration methods and produces images with fewer artefacts, higher resolution and more accurate amplitudes. At the same time, RTM can accurately handle all dips, frequencies and any type of velocity variation. Combining RTM and LSM produces least-squares reverse-time migration (LSRTM), which in turn has all the advantages of RTM and LSM. In this thesis, we implement two types of LSRTM: matrix-based LSRTM (MLSRTM) and non-linear LSRTM (NLLSRTM). MLSRTM is a matrix formulation of LSRTM and is more stable than conventional LSRTM; it can be implemented with linear inversion algorithms but needs a large amount of computer memory. NLLSRTM, by contrast, directly expresses migration as an optimisation which minimises the 2 norm of the residual between the predicted and observed data. NLLSRTM can be implemented using non-linear gradient inversion algorithms, such as non-linear steepest descent and non-linear conjugated-gradient solvers. We demonstrate that both MLSRTM and NLLSRTM can achieve better images with fewer artefacts, higher resolution and more accurate amplitudes than RTM using three synthetic examples. The power of LSRTM is also further illustrated using a field dataset. Finally, a simple synthetic test demonstrates that the objective function used in LSRTM is sensitive to errors in the migration velocity. As a result, it may be possible to use NLLSRTM to both refine the migrated image and estimate the migration velocity.
Analysis of very low quality speech for mask-based enhancement
Creators: name: Gonzalez, Sira
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2013

description: The complexity of the speech enhancement problem has motivated many different solutions. However, most techniques address situations in which the target speech is fully intelligible and the background noise energy is low in comparison with that of the speech. Thus while current enhancement algorithms can improve the perceived quality, the intelligibility of the speech is not increased significantly and may even be reduced. Recent research shows that intelligibility of very noisy speech can be improved by the use of a binary mask, in which a binary weight is applied to each time-frequency bin of the input spectrogram. There are several alternative goals for the binary mask estimator, based either on the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of each time-frequency bin or on the speech signal characteristics alone. Our approach to the binary mask estimation problem aims to preserve the important speech cues independently of the noise present by identifying time-frequency regions that contain significant speech energy. The speech power spectrum varies greatly for different types of speech sound. The energy of voiced speech sounds is concentrated in the harmonics of the fundamental frequency while that of unvoiced sounds is, in contrast, distributed across a broad range of frequencies. To identify the presence of speech energy in a noisy speech signal we have therefore developed two detection algorithms. The first is a robust algorithm that identifies voiced speech segments and estimates their fundamental frequency. The second detects the presence of sibilants and estimates their energy distribution. In addition, we have developed a robust algorithm to estimate the active level of the speech. The outputs of these algorithms are combined with other features estimated from the noisy speech to form the input to a classifier which estimates a mask that accurately reflects the time-frequency distribution of speech energy even at low SNR levels. We evaluate a mask-based speech enhancer on a range of speech and noise signals and demonstrate a consistent increase in an objective intelligibility measure with respect to noisy speech.
Gauge invariant investigation of the nature of Confinement
Creators: name: Gonzalez-Arroyo, A.
name: Montero, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We observe a strong correlation between the decrease in the number of action density peaks in SU(2) Yang-Mills configurations with cooling and that of the string tension. The nature and distribution of these peaks is investigated. The relationship with monopole currents after the abelian projection is also considered.
description: uuencoded and Z-compressed file of the Postcript version of our contribution to LATTICE 95. 4 pages of text and 4 figures
Solidification/Stabilisation of Air Pollution Control Residues from Municipal Solid Waste Incineration
Creators: name: Lampris, Christos
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2013

description: Air pollution control (APC) residues are by-products of the flue gas cleaning process in energy-from-waste (EfW) plants treating municipal solid waste. They are classified as a hazardous waste in the EU Waste Catalogue and are a priority hazardous waste stream in the UK due to high alkalinity, concentrations of volatile heavy metals and soluble salts. Plans currently exist to increase the number of EfW plants in the UK, with the potential to increase future arisings of APC residues. Stabilisation/solidification (S/S) is an inexpensive treatment technology, involving mixing of the waste with cementitious binders. The main objective of this research is to assess the effectiveness of CEM I and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) as S/S binders for the treatment of APC residues. The ultimate goal is to expand existing knowledge on S/S systems and assist development of more sustainable treatment methods for APC residues. S/S APC residue specimens were prepared varying the waste-to-binder and water-to-solids ratios and subsequently tested for physical properties and contaminant leaching according to international standards. Geochemical modelling was used to assess contaminant release-controlling processes and contribute to more efficient mix and treatment design. Results from this study indicate that mechanical properties of 50 wt.% CEM I and GGBS mixes exceed UK landfill disposal criteria (1.0 MPa), achieving unconfined compressive strength (UCS) values of up to 21 MPa. CEM I mixes with 10 and 20 wt.% binder addition also met the criterion of 1.0 MPa, achieving UCS values of up to 10 MPa. In contrast, 10 and 20 wt.% GGBS mixes exhibited inferior mechanical properties (UCS < 1.0 MPa). S/S is hampered predominantly by high concentrations of chloride in APC residues. All monolithic S/S samples exceeded relevant UK waste acceptance criteria (monWAC) for chloride (20,000 mg/m2) within the first two days of the 64-day monolithic leaching test. Altough partial immobilisation occurs through the formation of chloro-complexes, S/S of APC residues would require binder additions greater than 50 wt.% to meet UK requirements for landfill disposal. Leaching of Pb also becomes problematic for mixes with 10 and 20 wt.% binder addition, exceeding UK monWAC (20 mg/m2). Nevetheless, the amphoteric nature of heavy metals and the high solubility of chloride salts could favour extraction of potentially valuable elements through washing procedures. Modelling results indicate that a simple washing step may be able to extract 650 mg of Pb and 120 mg of Zn per kg of APC residues treated, while removing approximately 90% of available chloride.
Factors associated with the decision to receive bivalent COVID-19 booster vaccination among health care personnel
Creators: name: Mohr, Nicholas M.
name: Plumb, Ian D.
name: León, Eliezer Santos
name: Harland, Karisa K.
name: Krishnadasan, Anusha
name: Nandi, Utsav
name: Hoth, Karin F.
name: Smithline, Howard A.
name: Talan, David A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: COVID-19 vaccination is effective at reducing SARS-CoV-2 complications, but uptake has been low. Our objective in this study was to compare the importance of factors reported to influence the decision to receive a bivalent COVID-19 booster vaccine among health care personnel (HCP) tested for SARS-CoV-2 between October 2022 and April 2023 in a 20-hospital vaccine effectiveness study in the United States (n = 1656). Compared with those who had not received the booster, the factors most likely to be reported to be important were concerns about contracting COVID-19 (84.0% of those who had received the bivalent booster vs. 47.5% of those who had not, difference 36.6% points (PP), 95% confidence interval [CI] 32.1 to 41.1%), spreading infection to family members (89.2% vs. 62.8%, difference 26.3 PP, 95% CI 22.3 to 30.4%), and spreading infection to colleagues at work (85.5% vs. 59.4%, difference 26.1 PP, 95% CI 21.7 to 30.5%). HCP who had received the booster more frequently cited the primary literature (61.7% vs. 31.8%, difference 29.9 PP, 95% CI 24.6 to 35.2%) and employer recommendations (48.3% vs. 29.8%, difference 18.5 PP, 95% CI 13.2 to 23.9%) as influencing their decision. This analysis provides insight into factors for targeting future vaccine messaging.
Oral history interview with Walter Charles Abel, 1959
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Actors
Motion pictures
Television
Theater

description: Early training with Theatre Guild and Provincetown Playhouse; acting career on Broadway, development of modern theater; Hollywood in the 1930s and 1940s; television and its effect on Hollywood; impresssions of John Drew, Mrs. Fiske, Eugene O'Neill, Robert Edmond Jones. Audio is comprised of narrator's excerpts from the Westinghouse Broadcasting Company's radio program series "Memoirs of the Movies"
title: ADCO, Grènetier de Cîteaux : comptes (1497-1504) (11 H 1172), f. 00052
Creators: name: de la Côte-d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CBMA/CG21/F.PETOT/2019
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: comptes
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: LaMOP
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: Grènetier de Cîteaux : comptes (1497-1504), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, (11 H 1172). Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Grènetier de Cîteaux : comptes (1497-1504), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, (11 H 1172), f. 00052, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi \[Ressource en ligne\], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
Safety and immunogenicity of primary vaccination with a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine (SYS6006) in Chinese participants aged 18 years or more: Two randomized, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled and dose-escalation phase 1 clinical trials
Creators: name: Chen, Gui-Ling
name: Qiu, Yuan-Zheng
name: Wu, Kai-Qi
name: Wu, Ying
name: Wang, Yuan-Hui
name: Zou, Yu-Ying
name: Peng, Cong-Gao
name: Zhao, Jie
name: Su, Chang
name: Ma, Jun-Heng
name: Ni, Shao-Nan
name: Wang, Xing
name: Jin, Ting-Han
name: Jiang, Qi
name: Guo, Tong
name: Xu, Yan
name: Huang, Chao-Chao
name: Zhang, Qing
name: Liu, Kai-Li
name: Ji, Li
name: Yang, Han-Yu
name: Li, Chun-Lei
name: Su, Yu-Wen
name: Lu, Xiang
name: Li, Lan-Juan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Vaccination plays a key role in preventing morbidity and mortality caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We aimed to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a SARS-CoV-2 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccine SYS6006. In the two randomized, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled phase 1 trials, 40 adult participants aged 18–59 years and 40 elderly participants aged 60 years or more were randomized to receive two doses of SYS6006 or placebo (saline). Adverse events (AEs) were collected through 30 days post the second vaccination. Immunogenicity was assessed by live-virus neutralizing antibody (Nab), spike protein (S1) binding antibody (S1-IgG), and cellular immunity. The result showed that 7/15, 9/15 and 4/10 adult participants, and 9/15, 8/15 and 4/10 elderly participants reported at least one AE in the 20-µg, 30-µg and placebo groups, respectively. Most AEs were grade 1. Injection-site pain was the most common AE. Two adults and one elder reported fever. No vaccination-related serious AE was reported. SYS6006 elicited wild-type Nab response with a peak geometric mean titer of 232.1 and 130.6 (adults), and 48.7 and 66.7 (elders), in the 20-µg and 30-µg groups, respectively. SYS6006 induced moderate-to-robust Nab response against Delta, and slight Nab response against Omicron BA.2 and BA.5. Robust IgG response against wild type and BA.2 was observed. Cellular immune response was induced. In conclusion, two-dose primary vaccination with SYS6006 demonstrated good safety and immunogenicity during a follow-up period of 51 days in immunologically naive population aged 18 years or more. (Trial registry: Chictr.org.cn ChiCTR2200059103 and ChiCTR2200059104)
Light-cone gauge integrals: Prescriptionlessness at two loops
Creators: name: Suzuki, Alfredo T.
name: Schmidt, Alexandre G. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The only calculations performed beyond one-loop level in the light-cone gauge make use of the Mandelstam-Leibbrandt (ML) prescription in order to circumvent the notorious gauge dependent poles. Recently we have shown that in the context of negative dimensional integration method (NDIM) such prescription can be altogether abandoned, at least in one-loop order calculations. We extend our approach, now studying two-loop integrals pertaining to two-point functions. While previous works on the subject present only divergent parts for the integrals, we show that our prescriptionless method gives the same results for them, besides finite parts for arbitrary exponents of propagators.
description: 6 pages, revtex. Version 2: paragraph added below eq.(3). To be published in Physics Letters B
Oral history interview with Walter E. Klint 1975
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Personnel directors
Personnel management
Employees--Training of
Employee rights

description: Building Continental Can's personnel department, Seattle; work force problems World War II; defense subcontract work, World War II; establishment of accident prevention program; training programs; improvements in employee benefits; organization of industrial relations department after World War II; handling management-union relations; from local to master contracts; Inland Steel affair, installing pension plans, 1950, supplemental unemployment benefit program, 1955; sabbatical leave; ingredients of employee loyalty, pride; Continental Can's public image; evolution of Continental Can's health program.
Existing Biological Nitrogen Removal Processes and Current Scope of Advancement
Creators: name: Magdum, Sandip
name: Kalyanraman, V.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 90409 Wastewater Treatment Processes
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering

description: In India, to achieve the stringent norms of total nitrogen less than 10 mg/l in sewage treatment plant is a big challenge for the public - private facilities and organizations. After successful implementation of this norm the pollutant burden from rivers and natural water bodies certainly reduces. The use of conventional biological nitrogen removal (BNR) processes for new treatment facility development or retrofitting is also an energy and cost intensive practice. The process technologies offered by current market such as MLE, MBBR, IFAS and SBR are still in with downside of higher footprint, multi tank reactors, heavy instrumentation for IR and RAS which ultimately incur higher capital and operating cost. The current market need and lack of sustainable nitrogen removal applications, trigger to review the of all available efficient biological nitrogen removal processes. This review will gives an overall scenario of past and current biological nitrogen removal process technologies with showing possible scope and way forward towards more energy neutral nitrogen removal technologies.
A New Technique for Measuring Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emission in Different Environments
Creators: name: Xie, Yanxia
name: Ho, Luis C.
name: Li, Aigen
name: Shangguan, Jinyi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new method to decompose the emission features of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from mid-infrared spectra using theoretical PAH templates in conjunction with modified blackbody components for the dust continuum and an extinction term. The primary goal is to obtain robust measurements of the PAH features, which are sensitive to the star formation rate, in a variety of extragalactic environments. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our technique, starting with the simplest Galactic high-latitude clouds to extragalactic systems of ever-increasing complexity, from normal star-forming galaxies to low-luminosity active galaxies, quasars, and heavily obscured infrared-luminous galaxies. In addition to providing accurate measurements of the PAH emission, including the upper limits thereof, our fits can reproduce reasonably well the overall continuum shape and constrain the line-of-sight extinction. Our new PAH line flux measurements differ systematically and significantly from those of previous methods by ~15% to as much as a factor of ~6. The decomposed PAH spectra show remarkable similarity among different systems, suggesting a uniform set of conditions responsible for their excitation.
description: 61 pages, 23 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Oral history interview with Walter Eberstadt 1991
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Bankers
Community mental health services--New York (State)
Community education--New York (State)
Psychiatric clinics--Financial crises.--New York (State)
Mental health personnel--Labor unions

description: Childhood and educational background; association with Northside Center for Child Development [Northside], 1960s- ; personal interest in minority problems; Northside: personalities, interests of board members, problems with attracting interest, relations with Harlem community, educational, counseling services, unionization of staff, 1971, financial problems, tensions between Mamie Clark and psychiatric staff; search for Mamie Clark's successor.
Astrometry and Photometry for Two Dwarf Carbon Stars
Creators: name: Harris, H. C.
name: Dahn, C. C.
name: Walker, R. L.
name: Luginbuhl, C. B.
name: Monet, A. B.
name: Guetter, H. H.
name: Stone, R. C.
name: Vrba, F. J.
name: Monet, D. G.
name: Pier, J. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Preliminary trigonometric parallaxes and BVI photometry are presented for two dwarf carbon stars, LP765-18 (= LHS1075) and LP328-57 (= CLS96). The data are combined with the literature values for a third dwarf carbon star, G77-61 (= LHS1555). All three stars have very similar luminosities (9.6
description: 11 pages, latex, includes 4 figures, accepted for Ap.J. July 1998
Oral history interview with Walter Elder Bond 1975
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Supervisors, Industrial
Executives
Manufacturing processes
Paper containers

description: Politics in Louisiana, race relations; history of Southern Advance Bag and Paper Company; 1930s-1970s, comparison of paper production; water and pollution; effects of the Depression in a company town; weigher, beater engineer; description of paper making prodess; unionization; industrial safety, expansion of Hodge plant.
A glucosyltransferase specific for 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone in strawberry
Creators: name: Yamada, Aki
name: Kan’ichiro Ishiuchi
name: Makino, Toshiaki
name: Mizukami, Hajime
name: Terasaka, Kazuyoshi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: 4-Hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone (HDMF) is a key aroma compound in Fragaria × ananassa (strawberry). A considerable amount of HDMF is converted into HDMF β-D-glucoside and accumulated in mature strawberry fruits. Here we isolated a novel UDP-glucose: HDMF glucosyltransferase, UGT85K16 from Fragaria × ananassa. UGT85K16 preferentially glucosylated the hydroxyl group of HDMF and its structural analogs. Although UGT85K16 also catalyzed the glucosylation of vanillin, its affinity and efficiency toward HDMF was higher. The expression of UGT85K16 mRNA correlated with the accumulation of HDMF and its glucoside in Fragaria × ananassa plants. These results suggest that UGT85K16 might be UDP-glucose: HDMF glucosyltransferase in strawberries. Abbreviations: DMMF: 2,5-dimethyl-4-methoxy-3(2H)-furanone; EHMF: 2(5)-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5(2)-methyl-3(2H)-furanone; GBV: glycosidically bound volatile; HDMF: 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone; HMF: 4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3(2H)-furanone; HMMF: 4-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-methylene-3(2H)-furanone; PSPG: Plant secondary product glycosyltransferase; RT-PCR: reverse transcription-PCR; OMT: O-methyltransferase; UGT: UDP-glycosyltransferase Characterization of HDMF glucosyltransferase (UGT85K16) from strawberry.
Mass splittings and matrix elements of mesons and baryons containing a single heavy quark
Creators: name: UKQCD Collaboration
name: Richards, presented by David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study in the quenched approximation of the $B$ parameter $B_B$ and the decay constant $f_B$ using heavy-quark propagators implemented in the static approximation, and light-quark propagators computed using an $O(a)$-improved fermion action. We find a value of $\Bbstat$ close unity, and discuss the systematic errors entering into the calculation. $\fbstat$ is extracted using a variational fitting technique in order to obtain a reliable estimate of the ground state. In the second part of the talk, we describe an exploratory study of baryons containing a single heavy quark, computed using the $O(a)$-improved fermion action. We obtain masses generally in good agreement with experiment in both the charm and beauty sectors. We also report preliminary results for the form factor $G_1$ in the semi-leptonic $Λ_b \rightarrow Λ_c$ transition.
description: 6 pages, uuencoded compressed postscript file, to be published in the Proceedings of Lattice 95
Binary Pulsar Distances and Velocities from Gaia Data Release 2
Creators: name: Jennings, Ross J.
name: Kaplan, David L.
name: Chatterjee, Shami
name: Cordes, James M.
name: Deller, Adam T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The second data release from the Gaia mission (Gaia DR2) includes, among its billion entries, as- trometric parameters for binary companions to a number of known pulsars, including white dwarf companions to millisecond pulsars and the non-degenerate components of so-called "black widow" and "redback" systems. We find 22 such counterparts in DR2, of which 12 have statistically sig- nificant measurements of parallax. These DR2 optical proper motions and parallaxes provide new measurements of the distances and transverse velocities of the associated pulsars. For the most part, the results agree with existing radio interferometric and pulsar timing-based astrometry, as well as other distance estimates based on photometry or associations, and for some pulsars they provide the best known distance and velocity estimates. In particular, two of these pulsars have no previous dis- tance measurement: PSR J1227$-$4853, for which Gaia measures a parallax of $0.62\pm 0.16$ mas, and PSR J1431$-$4715, with a Gaia parallax of $0.64\pm 0.16$ mas. Using the Gaia distance measurements, we find that dispersion measure-based distance estimates calculated using the NE2001 and YMW16 Galactic electron density models are on average slightly underestimated, which may be a selection effect due to the over-representation of pulsars at high Galactic latitudes in the present Gaia sample. While the Gaia DR2 results do not quite match the precision that can be achieved by dedicated pulsar timing or radio interferometry, taken together they constitute a small but important improvement to the pulsar distance scale, and the subset of millisecond pulsars with distances measured by Gaia may help improve the sensitivity of pulsar timing arrays to nanohertz gravitational waves.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures; machine-readable version of Table 2 (including Gaia IDs) available with LaTeX source
Anomaly and Nonplanar Diagrams in Noncommutative Gauge Theories
Creators: name: Ardalan, Farhad
name: Sadooghi, Neda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Anomalies arising from nonplanar triangle diagrams of noncommutative gauge theory are studied. Local chiral gauge anomalies for both noncommutative U(1) and U(N) gauge theories with adjoint matter fields are shown to vanish. For noncommutative QED with fundamental matters, due to UV/IR mixing a finite anomaly emerges from the nonplanar contributions. It involves a generalized $\star$-product of gauge fields.
description: 28 pages, Latex, axodraw.sty; v2: version to appear in Int. J. Mod. Phys. A. (2001)
Managing social-ecological systems under uncertainty : implications for conservation
Creators: name: Guimaraes Nuno, Ana
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2013

description: Natural resource managers and conservationists are often confronted with the challenges of uncertainty. Limits to knowledge and predictability challenge conservation success and socio-economic, institutional and political context affect implementation of conservation interventions. Using a management strategy evaluation (MSE) conceptual framework, I use a multidisciplinary approach to gain a better understanding of the role and implications of different sources and types of uncertainty for the management of social-ecological systems, giving special attention to the issues of observation and implementation uncertainty. The conservation of harvested ungulate species in the Serengeti, Tanzania, is used as a case study. I investigated which factors should be prioritized in order to increase survey accuracy and precision, and explored the potential effects of budgetary scenarios on the robustness of the population estimates obtained for different savannah ungulate species. The relative importance of each process affecting precision and accuracy varied according to the survey technique and biological characteristics of the species. I applied specialized questioning techniques developed for studying non-compliant and sensitive behaviour, using the unmatched-count technique (UCT) to assess prevalence of illegal hunting in the Serengeti. I found that poaching remains widespread in the Serengeti and current alternative sources of income may not be sufficiently attractive to compete with the opportunities provided by hunting. I explored trade-offs between different types of error when monitoring changes in population abundance and how these are affected by budgetary, observational and ecological conditions. Higher observation error and conducting surveys less frequently increased the likelihood of not detecting trends and misclassifying the shape of the trend but the differences between multiple levels of observation error decreased for higher monitoring length and frequency. Using key informant interviews with the main actors in the monitoring and management system, I provided recommendations for the development and implementation of interventions within long-term integrated and adaptive frameworks. The research presented in this thesis highlights the need to consider the role of people as influential components within social-ecological systems in order to promote effective conservation interventions. Monitoring and implementation must be understood as dynamic features of the system, instead of merely acting upon it, and the multiple sources of uncertainty must be fully considered in conservation planning, requiring the development and application of tools to aid management decision-making under uncertainty.
Additional file 1 of Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells for spinal cord injury: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Creators: name: Chen, Wei-can
name: Liu, Wei-feng
name: Bai, Yu-yan
name: Zhou, Ying-ying
name: Zhang, Yan
name: Wang, Cong-mei
name: Lin, Shu
name: He, He-fan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Space Science
Medicine
Cell Biology
Neuroscience
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Developmental Biology
Science Policy
Hematology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1: Search strategy. Figure S1. sensitivity analysis. a ASIA motor score; b ASIA sensory score; c Barthel index; d Adverse effects. Figure S2. Inconsistency in closed loops for all outcomes. a–c Network meta-analysis of different cell sources. d–f Network meta-analysis of different cell transplantation methods. From left to right are the ASIA motor score, ASIA sensory score, and adverse reactions, respectively.
Galaxies at High Redshifts
Creators: name: Yahil, A.
name: Lanzetta, K. M.
name: Fernandez-Soto, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several conclusions have been reached over the last few years concerning high-redshift galaxies: (1) The excess of faint blue galaxies is due to dwarf galaxies. (2) Star formation peaks at redshifts z ~1-2. (3) It appears to occur piecemeal in any given galaxy and there is no evidence for starbursting throughout a large ~10 kpc galaxy. (4) There is significant and sharp diminution in the number of L* spiral galaxies at redshifts 1
description: To appear in "Large Scale Structure: Tracks and Traces", Proceedings of the 12th Potsdam Cosmology Workshop, eds. V. M"uller, S. Gottl"ober, J. P. M"ucket, J. Wambsganss, (Singapore: World Scientific), 1998. 9 LaTeX pages, including 5 figures. Also available at ftp://sbast4.ess.sunysb.edu/pub/ayahil/papers/potsdam97.tar.gz
Coupling the Deconfining and Chiral Transitions
Creators: name: Meisinger, Peter N.
name: Ogilvie, Michael C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Polyakov loop and the chiral condensate are used as order parameters to explore analytically the possible phase structure of finite temperature QCD. Nambu-Jona-Lasinio models in a background temporal gauge field are combined with a Polyakov loop potential in a form suitable for both the lattice and the continuum. Three possible behaviors are found: a first-order transition, a second-order transition, and a region with both transitions.
description: 4 pages, LaTeX, 4 Postscript Figures, uuencoded, Contribution to Lattice 95 Conference Proceedings
Hydrodynamic Simulations of the Inner Accretion Flow of Sagittarius A* Fueled By Stellar Winds
Creators: name: Ressler, Sean M.
name: Quataert, Eliot
name: Stone, James M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Athena++ grid-based, hydrodynamic simulations of accretion onto Sagittarius A* via the stellar winds of the $\sim 30$ Wolf-Rayet stars within the central parsec of the galactic center. These simulations span $\sim$ 4 orders of magnitude in radius, reaching all the way down to 300 gravitational radii of the black hole, $\sim 32$ times further in than in previous work. We reproduce reasonably well the diffuse thermal X-ray emission observed by Chandra in the central parsec. The resulting accretion flow at small radii is a superposition of two components: 1) a moderately unbound, sub-Keplerian, thick, pressure-supported disc that is at most (but not all) times aligned with the clockwise stellar disc, and 2) a bound, low-angular momentum inflow that proceeds primarily along the southern pole of the disc. We interpret this structure as a natural consequence of a few of the innermost stellar winds dominating accretion, which produces a flow with a broad distribution of angular momentum. Including the star S2 in the simulation has a negligible effect on the flow structure. Extrapolating our results from simulations with different inner radii, we find an accretion rate of $\sim$ a few $\times 10^{-8} M_\odot$/yr at the horizon scale, consistent with constraints based on modeling the observed emission of Sgr A*. The flow structure found here can be used as more realistic initial conditions for horizon scale simulations of Sgr A*.
description: 20 pages, 19 figures. See http://w.astro.berkeley.edu/~sressler/animations.html for animations. Accepted by MNRAS
Stationary BPS Solutions in N=2 Supergravity with R^2-Interactions
Creators: name: Cardoso, G. L.
name: de Wit, B.
name: Käppeli, J.
name: Mohaupt, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze a broad class of stationary solutions with residual N=1 supersymmetry of four-dimensional N=2 supergravity theories with terms quadratic in the Weyl tensor. These terms are encoded in a holomorphic function, which determines the most relevant part of the action and which plays a central role in our analysis. The solutions include extremal black holes and rotating field configurations, and may have multiple centers. We prove that they are expressed in terms of harmonic functions associated with the electric and magnetic charges carried by the solutions by a proper generalization of the so-called stabilization equations. Electric/magnetic duality is manifest throughout the analysis. We also prove that spacetimes with unbroken supersymmetry are fully determined by electric and magnetic charges. This result establishes the so-called fixed-point behavior according to which the moduli fields must flow towards certain prescribed values on a fully supersymmetric horizon, but now in a more general context with higher-order curvature interactions. We briefly comment on the implications of our results for the metric on the moduli space of extremal black hole solutions.
description: 31 pages, LaTeX, JHEP.cls; v2: reference added
Quaternion Matrices : Statistical Properties and Applications to Signal Processing and Wavelets
Creators: name: Ginzberg, Paul
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2013

description: Similarly to how complex numbers provide a possible framework for extending scalar signal processing techniques to 2-channel signals, the 4-dimensional hypercomplex algebra of quaternions can be used to represent signals with 3 or 4 components. For a quaternion random vector to be suited for quaternion linear processing, it must be (second-order) proper. We consider the likelihood ratio test (LRT) for propriety, and compute the exact distribution for statistics of Box type, which include this LRT. Various approximate distributions are compared. The Wishart distribution of a quaternion sample covariance matrix is derived from first principles. Quaternions are isomorphic to an algebra of structured 4x4 real matrices. This mapping is our main tool, and suggests considering more general real matrix problems as a way of investigating quaternion linear algorithms. A quaternion vector autoregressive (VAR) time-series model is equivalent to a structured real VAR model. We show that generalised least squares (and Gaussian maximum likelihood) estimation of the parameters reduces to ordinary least squares, but only if the innovations are proper. A LRT is suggested to simultaneously test for quaternion structure in the regression coefficients and innovation covariance. Matrix-valued wavelets (MVWs) are generalised (multi)wavelets for vector-valued signals. Quaternion wavelets are equivalent to structured MVWs. Taking into account orthogonal similarity, all MVWs can be constructed from non-trivial MVWs. We show that there are no non-scalar non-trivial MVWs with short support [0,3]. Through symbolic computation we construct the families of shortest non-trivial 2x2 Daubechies MVWs and quaternion Daubechies wavelets.
Density functional theory study of LaMnO3 and its competing oxides: an insight into a prospective alkaline fuel cell cathode
Creators: name: Ahmad, Ehsan Aleem
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2013

description: LaMnO3 is an inexpensive alternative to precious metals (e.g. platinum) as a catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline fuel cells (AFCs). In fact, recent studies have shown that among a range of non-noble metal catalysts, LaMnO3 provides the highest catalytic activity. However, further development of this catalyst is limited by the fact that very little is known about LaMnO3 in the AFC environment. While it has been established that the bulk phase possesses an orthorhombic structure, it has not been possible to determine the structure of the surfaces or the sites active towards the ORR. In this work, therefore, periodic hybrid-exchange (B3LYP) density functional calculations are performed in order to understand the origins of the catalytic activity of LaMnO3. The long term goal is to suggest strategies for optimising the activity of LaMnO3 through control of its crystallite morphology. Initially, the phase stability of LaMnO3 with respect to its competing (La, Mn) oxides is determined by accurate calculation of the Gibbs formation energies of each compound (1.6% mean error). The accuracy achieved is higher than in previous literature, validating the methodology adopted and the reliability of the chemical potentials determined to limit the stability of the bulk and surfaces of LaMnO3. Having determined the ground state of each Mn oxide it was possible to simulate electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) for Mn in different valence states and local environments. The simulated EELS demonstrated that it is possible to identify its oxidation state and local coordination (i.e. the surface structure) on LaMnO3 surface terminations, based on the shift and shape of predicted L3 edges, which correlate well with measured EEL spectra. Calculations of the low-index, stoichiometric and non-polar surfaces of LaMnO3 were then performed in order to predict the equilibrium crystal morphology. For each low energy surface the adsorption sites were also identified. The energetics of the surfaces are rationalised in terms of the cleavage of Jahn-Teller distorted Mn-O bonds, the compensation of undercoordination for ions in the terminating layer and relaxation effects. Finally the adsorption sites identified are investigated by adsorption of molecular O2. The binding energies, adsorbate structure and charge transfer are analysed to predict the reactivity of each site. Results indicate that Jahn-Teller distortion and the coordination of Mn sites modulate the binding strength of O2. The main results presented are the crystallite morphology, the identification of surface reaction sites and the chemical characterisation of those sites. This is a theoretical characterisation of the LaMnO3 catalyst providing detailed atomistic information that has not been possible to deduce from experiment.
Oral history interview with Walter J. Coker 1975
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Accountants
Executives
Factory management
Accounting
Paper industry

description: Family, educational background; accounting work for South Paperboard, Gair; Port Wentworth pulp mill; evaluation of Hodge operations; Continental Can's southern plan expansion program; employee reactions to Continental's acquisition of Gair; installation of cost systems; Hopewell plant operations and products; construction, organization of Augusta mill, problems; manufacturing of profit versus volume items; economic, morale problems at Augusta; survival-expansion project at Hodge; training, public relations programs; advantages and demands of plant manager position; management-union friction at Hopewell; need for semi-chemical paperboard expansion; Hopewell energy collection program.
Construction of an indicator framework for vaccine inclusion in public health programs: A Delphi-entropy method study
Creators: name: Wang, Qing
name: Dai, Peixi
name: Jia, Mengmeng
name: Jiang, Mingyue
name: Li, Juan
name: Yang, Weizhong
name: Feng, Luzhao
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Governments must decide which vaccine priority to include in their public health programs. Using the modified Delphi and entropy method, we developed an indicator framework for vaccine inclusion at the national, provincial, municipal, and district/county levels, each containing three dimensions. In total, 4 primary indicators, 17 secondary indicators, and 45 tertiary indicators were selected, covering vaccine-preventable diseases, candidate vaccines, and social drivers of the supply and demand sides. From a subjective perspective, there was no significant weighting difference in the primary and secondary indicators at all administrative levels. “Vaccine-preventable diseases” as a primary indicator had the greatest weight in the peer group, of which “Health burden” had the highest weight among the secondary indicators. From the objective perspective, the social drivers on the supply and demand sides of the primary indicators accounted for 65% and higher. Among the secondary indicators, “the characteristics of the candidate vaccine” and “vaccine-related policies on the supply side” held 8% of weights or more at both national and provincial levels. “Demographic characteristics” held the highest weight at the municipal (13.50) and district/county (15.45) level. This study indicates that China needs different considerations when using WHO-recommended vaccines at the national, provincial, municipal, and district/county levels. In addition, this study highlights that behavioral and social drivers are important indicators that need to be considered for decision-making. This framework provides a tool for policymakers to determine the inclusion priority of candidate vaccines.
Automated Classification of Stellar Spectra. II: Two-Dimensional Classification with Neural Networks and Principal Components Analysis
Creators: name: Bailer-Jones, Coryn A. L.
name: Irwin, Mike
name: von Hippel, Ted
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the application of neural networks to the automation of MK spectral classification. The data set for this project consists of a set of over 5000 optical (3800-5200 AA) spectra obtained from objective prism plates from the Michigan Spectral Survey. These spectra, along with their two-dimensional MK classifications listed in the Michigan Henry Draper Catalogue, were used to develop supervised neural network classifiers. We show that neural networks can give accurate spectral type classifications (sig_68 = 0.82 subtypes, sig_rms = 1.09 subtypes) across the full range of spectral types present in the data set (B2-M7). We show also that the networks yield correct luminosity classes for over 95% of both dwarfs and giants with a high degree of confidence. Stellar spectra generally contain a large amount of redundant information. We investigate the application of Principal Components Analysis (PCA) to the optimal compression of spectra. We show that PCA can compress the spectra by a factor of over 30 while retaining essentially all of the useful information in the data set. Furthermore, it is shown that this compression optimally removes noise and can be used to identify unusual spectra.
description: To appear in MNRAS. 15 pages, 17 figures, 7 tables. 2 large figures (nos. 4 and 15) are supplied as separate GIF files. The complete paper can be obtained as a single gziped PS file from http://wol.ra.phy.cam.ac.uk/calj/p1.html