cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Lingering Effects: An Analysis of the Teacher Incentive Fund
Creators: name: Staggs, Tyler
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: Lingering Effects
Teacher Incentive Fund
Standardized Test Outcomes
Texas
Department of Economics

description: The ability to predictably increase student outcomes has clear value to primary and secondary education. The methods by which that is achieved, however, are less clear. Throughout the past few decades, several government programs and plans have been put forth to improve these outcomes. The Teacher Incentive Fund “TIF” is a unique government grant program that specifically targets teacher and administrator professional development. Using data from the Texas Education Agency, I seek to determine the effect of the TIF on 5th grade standardized test scores as well as SAT scores and participation rate. The grants studied last only 5 years, raising the additional question of whether or not such a short-term grant can have longer-term effects at a school. I look for these “lingering” effects as well as effects during the 5-year grant period using a set of difference in differences regressions using both synthetic and non-synthetic control groups. The non-synthetic results yield inconclusive or no evidence for each hypothesis tested. The synthetic-control regressions provide 1) weak evidence for a positive effect on SAT participation rate and negative effect on SAT scores during the active grant period in large cities; 2) weak evidence for positive active-grant and lingering effects on 5th grade standardized math scores in Austin ISD but no evidence of effects on reading or either reading or math in other regions tested (state-wide and Houston ISD).
A singularly perturbed Dirichlet problem for the Laplace operator in a periodically perforated domain. A functional analytic approach
Creators: name: Musolino, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35J25, 31B10, 45A05, 47H30

description: Let $Ω$ be a sufficiently regular bounded open connected subset of $\mathbb{R}^n$ such that $0 \in Ω$ and that $\mathbb{R}^n \setminus \mathrm{cl}Ω$ is connected. Then we take $q_{11},..., q_{nn}\in ]0,+\infty[$ and $p \in Q\equiv \prod_{j=1}^{n}]0,q_{jj}[$. If $ε$ is a small positive number, then we define the periodically perforated domain $\mathbb{S}[Ω_ε]^{-} \equiv \mathbb{R}^n\setminus \cup_{z \in \mathbb{Z}^n}\mathrm{cl}\bigl(p+εΩ+\sum_{j=1}^n (q_{jj}z_j)e_j\bigr)$, where $\{e_1,...,e_n\}$ is the canonical basis of $\mathbb{R}^n$. For $ε$ small and positive, we introduce a particular Dirichlet problem for the Laplace operator in the set $\mathbb{S}[Ω_ε]^{-}$. Namely, we consider a Dirichlet condition on the boundary of the set $p+εΩ$, together with a periodicity condition. Then we show real analytic continuation properties of the solution and of the corresponding energy integral as functionals of the pair of $ε$ and of the Dirichlet datum on $p+ε\partial Ω$, around a degenerate pair with $ε=0$.
Hermit crab houses: an analysis of shell selection patterns in three Monterey Bay Pagurus Species
Creators: name: Shepherd, Cole
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Hermit crabs
subject: Pagurus samuelis
subject: Pagurus hirsutiusculus
subject: Pagurus granosimanus
subject: Animal behavior

description: Hermit crabs are widespread detritivores in intertidal ecosystems. They are crustaceans that spend their lives inside the empty shells of deceased snails, using the shells for growth, reproduction, and protection. As a result, they are entirely dependent on snail populations, and any shift in these snail populations due to climate change or other anthropogenic factors could significantly impact hermit crab populations. Prior research suggests that different species have preferences for different types of shells. This study would investigate the shell preferences of Pagurus samuelis, Pagurus hirsutiusculus, and Pagurus granosimanus, the three most common hermit crabs in Monterey Bay rocky intertidal zones, and determine whether or not competition impacts their shell selection. Preliminary experiments involved removing individuals from their shells, placing them in a tank with an array of different shells, and recording which shells they ultimately chose to inhabit. Species were tested in isolation, so that interspecific competition did not affect shell selection. My results demonstrated that both P. samuelis and P. hirsutiusculus have a significant preference for Tegula funebralis shells, though the preference was much more pronounced for P. samuelis . P. granosimanus exhibited no significant preferences. Should I receive funding, future work will expand the sample size to verify the trends from the initial experiment. Future experiments will also involve multi-species trials to assess how competition affect shell selection. Finally, ecosystem-level experiments would be useful to determine how a change in snail populations might impact each species of hermit crab.
Some statistical aspects of the spinor field Fermi-Bose duality
Creators: name: Simulik, V. M.
name: Krivsky, I. Yu.
name: Lamer, I. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The structure of 29-dimensional extended real Clifford-Dirac algebra, which has been introduced in our paper Phys. Lett. A, 2011, 375, 2479, is considered in brief. Using this algebra, the property of Fermi-Bose duality of the Dirac equation with nonzero mass is proved. It means that Dirac equation can describe not only the fermionic but also the bosonic states. The proof of our assertion based on the examples of bosonic symmetries, solutions and conservation laws is given. Some statistical aspects of the spinor field Fermi-Bose duality are discussed.
description: 10 pages
Spiraling eutectic dendrites
Creators: name: Pusztai, Tamás
name: Rátkai, László
name: Szállás, Attila
name: Gránásy, László
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Eutectic dendrites forming in a model ternary system have been studied using the phase-field theory. The eutectic and one-phase dendrites have similar forms, and the tip radius scales with the interface free energy as for one-phase dendrites. The steady-state eutectic patterns appearing on these two-phase dendrites include concentric rings, and single- to multiarm spirals, of which the fluctuations choose, a stochastic phenomenon characterized by a peaked probability distribution. The number of spiral arms correlates with tip radius and the kinetic anisotropy.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. E
Ways to knowledge-first believe
Creators: name: Wimmer, Simon
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 100

description: On a widely suggested knowledge-first account of belief, to believe p is to Φ (e.g. treat p) as if one knew p. I challenge this view by arguing against various regimentations of it. I conclude by generalizing my argument to alternative knowledge-first views suggested by Williamson and Wimmer.
description: Erkenntnis.;Volume 88. 2023, pp 1189–1205
Desiccation in Mastocarpus papillatus and Porphyra perforata
Creators: name: Hafner, Liza
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Marine algae
subject: Mastocarpus papillatus
subject: Porphyra perforata
subject: Dessication

description: For algae in the upper intertidal zone, desiccation is one major stress that determines species fitness (Celia M. Smith & Berry, 1986). Here, I used lab experiments to examine desiccation in upper intertidal red alga species Mastocarpus papillatus and Porphyra perforata. Preliminary data gathered was inconclusive regarding the impact of collection site and species on changes in photosynthetic activity as measured by electron transport rate (ETR). As such, further research is proposed to take into account the small sample size of this initial dataset as well as other potential variables of interest, such as heat stress, wave action stress, vertical distribution across intertidal zones, and geographic distribution across latitudes.
Pyramid diffraction in parity-time-symmetric optical lattices
Creators: name: Nixon, Sean
name: Yang, Jianke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonlinear dynamics of wave packets in two-dimensional parity-time-symmetric optical lattices near the phase-transition point are analytically studied. A novel fourth-order equation is derived for the envelope of these wave packets. A pyramid diffraction pattern is demonstrated in both the linear and nonlinear regimes. Blow-up is also possible in the nonlinear regime for both focusing and defocusing nonlinearities.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Island Biogeography Theory and Protected Area Development: An Intertidal Zone Analysis
Creators: name: Vogel, Jacqueline
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Island biogeography
subject: Intertidal ecology--Management
subject: Species diversity
subject: Connectivity

description: In this study, I explore these intertwined concepts of habitat fragmentation and Island Biogeography through observations in the rocky intertidal zone. Using the rocky intertidal zone as a proxy for large-scale protected areas, I investigate any potential relationships between species richness, pool size, and overall connectivity between disjointed pool habitats.
3D printing in biotechnology—An insight into miniaturized and microfluidic systems for applications from cell culture to bioanalytics
Creators: name: Heuer, Christopher
name: Preuß, John-Alexander
name: Habib, Taieb
name: Enders, Anton
name: Bahnemann, Janina
Publisher: name: Weinheim : Wiley-VCH
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 3D printing
subject: biosensors
subject: cell culture
subject: microfluidics
subject: miniaturization
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::660 | Technische Chemie

description: Since its invention in the 1980s, 3D printing has evolved into a versatile technique for the additive manufacturing of diverse objects and tools, using various materials. The relative flexibility, straightforwardness, and ability to enable rapid prototyping are tremendous advantages offered by this technique compared to conventional methods for miniaturized and microfluidic systems fabrication (such as soft lithography). The development of 3D printers exhibiting high printer resolution has enabled the fabrication of accurate miniaturized and microfluidic systems—which have, in turn, substantially reduced both device sizes and required sample volumes. Moreover, the continuing development of translucent, heat resistant, and biocompatible materials will make 3D printing more and more useful for applications in biotechnology in the coming years. Today, a wide variety of 3D-printed objects in biotechnology—ranging from miniaturized cultivation chambers to microfluidic lab-on-a-chip devices for diagnostics—are already being deployed in labs across the world. This review explains the 3D printing technologies that are currently used to fabricate such miniaturized microfluidic devices, and also seeks to offer some insight into recent developments demonstrating the use of these tools for biotechnological applications such as cell culture, separation techniques, and biosensors.
A software repository of Ground Motion Models - Version 1.0.1
Creators: name: Mongold, E
name: Baker, JW
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: ground motion model
civil and environmental engineering
engineering
blume center
structural engineering and geomechanics

description: This report outlines the contents and functionality of a ground motion model (GMM) and correlation model repository on GitHub (https://github.com/bakerjw/GMMs). The repository contains ground motion model and correlation model functions in addition to testing scripts to run the models and create figures. The GMM functions have consistent input objects, so they are largely interchangeable, and the models meant for active crustal events can be evaluated through a caller function. This report also presents the figures created to test the functions, showing the consistency of the outputs and the valid ranges where models can be implemented. Finally, this report documents any remaining issues with each model, updates to the models relative to the original publications, and allowable ranges of inputs as outlined in the original publications.
On the effect of superfluid flows on the interaction of microwaves with He II
Creators: name: Khodusov, V. D.
name: Naumovets, A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper proposes a possible mechanism of interaction of microwaves with superfluid helium that results in an experimentally observed narrow peak of microwave absorption on the frequencies by the order of the roton frequency. The obtained microwave photon absorption coefficient depends on the local equilibrium distribution function which is established due to fast roton-roton and roton-phonon interactions. With the availability of superfluid flows, the local equilibrium distribution function depends on their velocity. The critical velocity of the flows, at which the absorption of microwaves is replaced by their radiation, is found.
description: 4 pages
Building an Intelligent Goal-setting Coach: Transformer-based Evaluation and Suggestion of Written Goals
Creators: name: Rao, Neel
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: Edtech
Transformers
Goal Setting

description: The structured practice of writing learning goals has been shown to be beneficial for both cognitive and noncognitive skill development (Evans and Hardy, 2013; Ridley et al., 2010). Furthermore, these effects are increased when the goals follow the SMART framework, meaning they are Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, and Time-bound (Lawlor, 2012). However, the implementation of such programs in schools is challenged by teachers’ lack of availability to provide feedback (Rao, 2021). Therefore, the goal of this project is to use Natural Language Processing to automate two parts of the coaching process– evaluation and suggestion– to save teachers time when implementing a goal-setting program. Firstly, for evaluation, because attainability and relevancy vary based on the writer, I focus on the other three facets, and experiment with four models to evaluate written goals for whether they are Specific, Measurable, and/or Time-bound. Specifically, I experiment with the following systems: one that uses separate vanilla RNNs with linear classification heads for each task, one that uses a single vanilla RNN base that feeds into three task-specific output heads, a system with three separate BERT models with fine-tuned linear classification heads, and finally, a single fine-tuned BERT model base with three output heads, utilizing hard parameter sharing. From these experiments, I conclude that the single BERT base model with three output heads is most advantageous because of its performance and its parameter cost savings and reduced training time. Secondly, as a proof of concept for suggestion, I utilize GPT-3 with few-shot learning and demonstrate the ability for the model to adapt goals to make them Time-bound, with a success rate of 82%. Lastly, I contribute a novel dataset of 1,000 written personal goals, each labeled for whether they are Specific, Measurable, and/or Time-bound. These three pieces hopefully add to the development of automated goal-setting coaching, to expand possibilities for program implementation in schools.
Nonlocal strong forms of thin plate, gradient elasticity, magneto-electro-elasticity and phase-field fracture by nonlocal operator method
Creators: name: Ren, Huilong
name: Zhuang, Xiaoying
name: Oterkus, Erkan
name: Zhu, Hehua
name: Rabczuk, Timon
Publisher: name: London : Springer
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Dual-support
subject: Energy form
subject: Explicit time integration
subject: Fracture
subject: Peridynamics
subject: Variational principle
subject: Weak form
subject: Elastohydrodynamics
subject: Fracture modelling
subject: Governing equations
subject: Gradient elasticity
subject: Linear elasticity
subject: Magneto electro elasticities
subject: Magneto-elasticity
subject: Non-local elasticities
subject: Variational principles
subject: Elasticity
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::000 | Allgemeines, Wissenschaft::000 | Informatik, Wissen, Systeme::004 | Informatik
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik

description: The derivation of nonlocal strong forms for many physical problems remains cumbersome in traditional methods. In this paper, we apply the variational principle/weighted residual method based on nonlocal operator method for the derivation of nonlocal forms for elasticity, thin plate, gradient elasticity, electro-magneto-elasticity and phase-field fracture method. The nonlocal governing equations are expressed as an integral form on support and dual-support. The first example shows that the nonlocal elasticity has the same form as dual-horizon non-ordinary state-based peridynamics. The derivation is simple and general and it can convert efficiently many local physical models into their corresponding nonlocal forms. In addition, a criterion based on the instability of the nonlocal gradient is proposed for the fracture modelling in linear elasticity. Several numerical examples are presented to validate nonlocal elasticity and the nonlocal thin plate. © 2021, The Author(s).
title: KEEPERS OF THEIR PARTY
title: HAPPY CHANDLER, ALBEN BARKLEY AND FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT’S FIGHT FOR THE SOUL OF THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Kieffer, Christa
Publisher: name: University of Kentucky Libraries
Year: 2019

description: This thesis argues that the 1938 Kentucky Democratic primary was a critical moment for the New Deal and the Democratic Party. Furthermore, it demonstrates the fractures forming within the southern wing of the party. Through this primary the paper examines peoples’ perceptions of a changing democracy. One that they believed included a much more powerful president and meddling bureaucracy. It details the major points of the campaign, including Franklin Roosevelt’s visit to the state the famous poisoning accusations, and the corruption within the Works Progress Administration.
description: Copyright © Christa Elise Kieffer 2019
Reaction-diffusion model Monte Carlo simulations on the GPU
Creators: name: Schram, R. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We created an efficient algorithm suitable for graphics processing units (GPUs) to perform Monte Carlo simulations of a subset of reaction-diffusion models. The algorithm uses techniques that are specific to GPU programming, and combines these with the multispin technique known from CPU programming to create one of the fastest algorithms for reaction-diffusion models. As an example, the algorithm is applied to the pair contact process with diffusion (PCPD). Compared to a simple algorithm on the CPU, our GPU algorithm is approximately 4000 times faster. If we compare the performance of the GPU algorithm, between the GPU and CPU, we find a speed-up of about 130x.
SNEAD: Solving Nash Equilibria with Adversarial Deviation
Creators: name: Healy, Christopher
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Algorithms
subject: Game theory
subject: Adversarial
subject: Optimization
subject: Numerical analysis
subject: Convex functions
subject: Nash Equilibrium
subject: Nash Equilibria

description: We present SNEAD, an extension of an algorithmic framework by McKelvey (1998) under which one can reduce the problem of finding Nash equilibria in finite games to a tractable unified optimization problem. Specifically, we adapt the method to tractably optimize continuous-strategy games and improve asymptotic running time over finite-strategy games. We further prove that convergence of our algorithm to zero loss guarantees a Nash equilibrium in quasiconcave games. Experimentally, our algorithm achieves state of the art performance on a variety of games, even in the face of high-dimensional, complex payoff functions. Finally, we provide supplementary theoretical frameworks which further adapt SNEAD to locate symmetric equilibria or subgame-perfect equilibria with novel algorithmic efficiency.
Mit Tropfenmikrofluidik zu Hochgeschwindigkeits-Biotechnologie
Creators: name: Kästner, Bianka
name: Hengoju, Sundar
name: Svensson, Carl-Magnus
name: Figge, Marc Thilo
name: Rosenbaum, Miriam A.
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie
subject: life sciences
subject: biochemistry
subject: human genetics
subject: microbiology
subject: pharmacology
subject: toxicology

description: In recent years, microfluidic technologies were introduced for massively parallel cultivation and screening approaches. Individual cells can easily be singularized, compartmentalized, and cultivated from mixed inocula using droplet microfluidics. The generation of millions of droplets in a high-throughput manner enables studying diverse samples and combining the evaluation of genetic and phenotypic variants. It is a powerful tool to explore and exploit natural metabolic diversity.
The eclipsing binary TY CrA revisited: What near-IR light curves tell us
Creators: name: Vanko, M.
name: Eiff, M. Ammler-von
name: Pribulla, T.
name: Chini, R.
name: Covino, E.
name: Neuhaeuser, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New photometric observations of the hierarchical eclipsing TY CrA system were taken in the optical with VYSOS6 and in the near-IR with SOFI and REMIR. They are the first observations showing the deep eclipse minimum of the pre-main sequence secondary in the near-IR. For the first time, the secondary minimum can be reliably used in the calculation of the O-C diagram of TY CrA. By now, the O-C diagram can be studied on a time basis of about two decades. We confirm, that the O-C diagram cannot be explained by the spectroscopic tertiary. For the first time, the light curve of the inner eclipsing binary is analysed in both optical and near-IR bands simultaneously. In combination with already published spectroscopic elements, precise absolute dimensions and masses of the primary and the secondary component are obtained using the ROCHE code. The inclusion of the near-IR data puts strong constraints on the third light which is composed of the reflection nebula, the spectroscopic tertiary and a visual fourth component. The absolute parameters of the inner eclipsing binary agree very well with previous work except of the primary radius (1.46+/-0.15 Rsun) and luminosity (40+/-10 Lsun) which are clearly smaller. While the parameters of the secondary are well understood when assuming an age of about 3-5 Myrs, the primary seems considerably undersized. Low metallicity cannot explain the parameters of the primary.
description: Accepted to MNRAS, 11 pages, 8 figures
Visual analytics for nonlinear programming in robot motion planning
Creators: name: Hägele, David
name: Abdelaal, Moataz
name: Oguz, Ozgur S.
name: Toussaint, Marc
name: Weiskopf, Daniel
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 000 Informatik, Informationswissenschaft, allgemeine Werke::000 Informatik, Wissen, Systeme::004 Datenverarbeitung; Informatik
subject: visual analytics
subject: nonlinear programming
subject: optimization
subject: design study
subject: loss landscape

description: Nonlinear programming is a complex methodology where a problem is mathematically expressed in terms of optimality while imposing constraints on feasibility. Such problems are formulated by humans and solved by optimization algorithms. We support domain experts in their challenging tasks of understanding and troubleshooting optimization runs of intricate and high-dimensional nonlinear programs through a visual analytics system. The system was designed for our collaborators’ robot motion planning problems, but is domain agnostic in most parts of the visualizations. It allows for an exploration of the iterative solving process of a nonlinear program through several linked views of the computational process. We give insights into this design study, demonstrate our system for selected real-world cases, and discuss the extension of visualization and visual analytics methods for nonlinear programming.
EDUCATIONAL DISPOSSESSION AND RE-ENVISIONING EQUITABLE FUTURES: HOW MARGINALIZED STUDENTS INTERNALIZE, RESIST, OR DEFY EXPECTATIONS OF A FLIPPED CLASSROOM IN GENERAL CHEMISTRY
Creators: name: Chapman, Natalie
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Equity in STEM
subject: Education, Higher
subject: Active learning
subject: Flipped classrooms
subject: Chemistry education

description: Research demonstrates that STEM education before college often excludes members of marginalized communities, including female , ethnic- and racial-minoritized, first-generation college, and low socioeconomic status students. The same pattern continues in college, where introductory STEM courses act as gateways into careers in STEM and medicine. As reforms in introductory STEM classes focus on academic outcomes, they miss key insights about students’ experiences, particularly students’ psychological character. Using grounded theory and narrative inquiry, this research will center the voices of marginalized students. Evaluating fifty-seven interviews with students of various backgrounds, this paper argues that the implementation of the flipped classroom in the introductory chemistry series prevents the success of students with medium to low incoming preparation in chemistry. Inaccessible pedagogical practices such as speed learning, assessing primarily problem solving on exams, and a lack of transparency create academic and psychological vulnerabilities in students that lead to long-term lowered confidence and belonging. As the series acts as a gateway for marginalized students, their life trajectories are most affected by their experience, either positive or negative, in the series. By closing doors of opportunity for students, we fail to uphold equity and uplift student agency. Therefore, issues of equity and access must be addressed at the pedagogical level to create a more inclusive pipeline into STEM and medicine at Stanford and beyond.
Nebular Excitation in z~2 Star-forming Galaxies from the SINS and LUCI Surveys: The Influence of Shocks and AGN
Creators: name: Newman, S. F.
name: Buschkamp, P.
name: Genzel, R.
name: Schreiber, N. M. Forster
name: Kurk, J.
name: Sternberg, A.
name: Gnat, O.
name: Rosario, D.
name: Mancini, C.
name: Lilly, S. J.
name: Renzini, A.
name: Burkert, A.
name: Carollo, C. M.
name: Cresci, G.
name: Davies, R.
name: Eisenhauer, F.
name: Genel, S.
name: Griffin, K. Shapiro
name: Hicks, E. K. S.
name: Lutz, D.
name: Naab, T.
name: Peng, Y.
name: Tacconi, L. J.
name: Wuyts, S.
name: Zamorani, G.
name: Vergani, D.
name: Weiner, B. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on high-resolution, spatially resolved data of 10 z~2 star-forming galaxies from the SINS/zC-SINF survey and LUCI data for 12 additional galaxies, we probe the excitation properties of high-z galaxies and the impact of active galactic nuclei (AGN), shocks and photoionization. We explore how these spatially-resolved line ratios can inform our interpretation of integrated emission line ratios obtained at high redshift. Many of our galaxies fall in the `composite' region of the z~0 [NII]/Ha versus [OIII]/Hb diagnostic (BPT) diagram, between star-forming galaxies and those with AGN. Based on our resolved measurements, we find that some of these galaxies likely host an AGN, while others appear to be affected by the presence of shocks possibly caused by an outflow or from enhanced ionization parameter as compared with HII regions in normal local star-forming galaxies. We find that the Mass-Excitation (MEx) diagnostic, which separates purely star-forming and AGN hosting local galaxies in the [OIII]/Hb versus stellar mass plane, does not properly separate z~2 galaxies classified according to the BPT diagram. However, if we shift the galaxies based on the offset between the local and z~2 mass-metallicity relation (i.e. to the mass they would have at z~0 with the same metallicity), we find better agreement between the MEx and BPT diagnostics. Finally, we find that metallicity calibrations based on [NII]/Ha are more biased by shocks and AGN at high-z than the [OIII]/Hb/[NII]/Ha calibration.
description: 19 pages, 17 figures, submitted to ApJ
Discomfort with Disinformation: Assessing U.S. Aversion to Sustained Counter Disinformation Efforts
Creators: name: Thompson, Samantha
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Disinformation
subject: Propaganda
subject: Organizational behavior
subject: Organizational culture

description: A series of crises during the 2010s brought disinformation and propaganda to the forefront of the foreign policy agenda, ranging from ISIS jihadist propaganda to state-sponsored disinformation campaigns interfering with the 2016 presidential election. While scholars and policymakers began to focus on the effect 21st century social media would have on international affairs, there has been less attention given to the willingness of the United States government to engage in “information wars.” Since World War I, U.S. counter disinformation organizations have undergone a cycle of rapid formation and decay. They are built during times of crisis, and after a short duration, they are dismantled. This pattern is puzzling because scholars of organizations have found government bureaucracies to be notoriously enduring. This thesis examines why counter disinformation organizations (CDO) are an exception and what are the underlying forces contributing to their short life spans. Drawing on presidential speeches and strategic documents, academic and journalistic reporting, internal memos, and interviews of key bureaucratic actors, I test four hypotheses that affect CDO tenure in a series of case studies: the legal mechanisms through which the CDO was created, the sense of urgency that propelled policymakers to create the organization in the first place, executive and congressional policymakers’ attention in the counter disinformation mission, and bureaucratic tension with peer and host organizations. My results indicate that a disinclination for strategic communications and information work exists within the U.S. national security apparatus that requires high level executive support to overcome. This support tends to be tied to a crisis that happens to have informational elements. These findings illuminate institutional habits within the U.S. national security bureaucracy that will help determine what government’s role should be in future information conflicts as the country moves towards a “whole-of-society” approach to combating disinformation and propaganda in a digital age.
title: Citizens’ Acceptance of Sustainable Public Construction in Their Municipality
title: MAGKS Working Paper Series
Creators: name: Sterk, Ellen
name: Endrikat, Morten
name: Katerusha, Dmytro
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2023
Subjects: Economics
Wirtschaft

description: Green public procurement of construction activities has the potential to significantly reduce a municipality’s environmental footprint. Moreover, it is likely to positively affect its citizens’ implementation of green building practices. However, the degree of citizens’ acceptance of sustainable building by their municipality remains unstudied as do the factors that are of influence in this regard. Through a survey in four German municipalities, this study investigates public acceptance of sustainable public construction in its two dimensions: attitude and action. The findings consistently reveal positive attitudes, which are driven by trust in the municipality and the perception of personal as well as social benefits. As anticipated, costs negatively impact citizens' attitudes. Despite these generally positive attitudes, only specific segments of the public demonstrate a willingness to actively support sustainable public construction. Whether or not citizens are willing to engage is influenced by the form of action, age, as well as their interest in and knowledge of sustainability and construction. In contrast, additional costs and the type of building in question do not appear to have an effect. The use of the default effect is demonstrated to have the potential to enhance the behavioral dimension of public acceptance. Implications for government institutions and suggestions for further research are provided.
Enabling high-efficiency precision genome editing and writing through coupling of natural retron elements
Creators: name: Vu, Amberly
name: Fraser, Hunter
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biology, Molecular Genetics, CRISPR, Cas9, Retrons, Genome Editing

description: CRISPR has revolutionized genome editing, but it remains challenging to incorporate desired edits with high-efficiency. Recently, a CRISPR-based technology named Cas9-Retron precISe Parallel Editing via homologY (CRISPEY) has precisely introduced thousands of specific genetic variants with each cell receiving one variant edit in a single experiment by facilitating homology-directed repair (HDR) using retrons, which are bacterial genetic elements that can produce an abundance of multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA) to act as donor DNA via RNA reverse transcription. However, CRISPEY is still limited by target site choices, compatible retron options, and the incorporation of longer insert lengths. To improve this system, my thesis tests the ability of a CRISPR-compatible Cas9 variant, xCas9 to cleave at NGA and NGT PAM sites, the ability of Myxococcus xanthus (Mx) retrons to produce msDNA as donor DNA to facilitate HDR, and the ability of an E. coli retron to incorporate the insertion of the NatMX6 gene in yeast cells. xCas9 showed a substantial amount of editing at NGA and NGT. The Mx retrons displayed 9% greater editing efficiency than the Ec86 retron used in the original CRISPEY construct. For the NatMX6 gene insertion, 96.9% of the cells contained the proper edit. These findings suggest a Cas9 variant that can expand target space while maintaining its functionality for the NGG PAM site is still needed. Meanwhile, the Mx retrons are shown to be promising bacterial retrons in improving editing efficiency. Additionally, the NatMX6 gene insertion showed CRISPEY has promising potential for genome writing. Improving CRISPEY will advance gene editing applications to better understand genetic outcomes and effectively develop treatments for genetic disorders.
On Three Dimensional Quiver Gauge Theories and Integrability
Creators: name: Gaiotto, Davide
name: Koroteev, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this work we compare different descriptions of the space of vacua of certain three dimensional N=4 superconformal field theories, compactified on a circle and mass-deformed to N=2 in a canonical way. The original N=4 theories are known to admit two distinct mirror descriptions as linear quiver gauge theories, and many more descriptions which involve the compactification on a segment of four-dimensional N=4 super Yang-Mills theory. Each description gives a distinct presentation of the moduli space of vacua. Our main result is to establish the precise dictionary between these presentations. We also study the relationship between this gauge theory problem and integrable systems. The space of vacua in the linear quiver gauge theory description is related by Nekrasov-Shatashvili duality to the eigenvalues of quantum integrable spin chain Hamiltonians. The space of vacua in the four-dimensional gauge theory description is related to the solution of certain integrable classical many-body problems. Thus we obtain numerous dualities between these integrable models.
description: 58 pages, 13 figures, references added
title: Japan-Specific Viewpoints for Bridging City Planning and the Industry of Agriculture
title: MAGKS Working Paper Series
Creators: name: Ashiya, Noriko
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2023
Subjects: R14
K12
Economics
Wirtschaft
JEL Classification: Q15

description: Japan has experience reviving its real estate market through the introduction of securitization, and this could work for farmland even though farmland in Japan operates under different property regulations than office buildings an d residences. However, farmland usage and its activation would have broad impacts on city planning and extend to trade issues, so in this international friendship meeting, I would like to introduce the following ideas and to try to incorporate our different cultural viewpoints. (1) Michael E. Porter’s (1990) insights on The Netherlands’ agriculture are still pertinent today, and appear as though they may be effective in the activation of Japanese agriculture, even 30 years since his publication. (2) However, Japan’s attempt to replicate the Netherlands’ success within the last 10 years has brought no change to the 30 year decline of the agricultural industry. The practice needs modifications. (3) A prominent candidate city in Japan for this modified pract ice, possessing many characteristics of The Netherland’s famous Food Valley, is Miura city, 100 km south of Tokyo.
title: Air Pollution and Economic Sanctions in Iran
title: MAGKS Working Paper Series
Creators: name: Balali, Hamid
name: Reza Farzanegan, Mohammad
name: Zamani, Omid
name: Baniasadi, Mostafa
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2023
Subjects: System Dynamics
JCPOA.
Environmental Impacts
Sanctions
Economics
Wirtschaft
CO2 Emissions
Iran
Simulation

description: This study aims to simulate the future trends of carbon emissions under different international sanction scenarios in Iran. A System Dynamics (SD) model is developed and several variables that capture multiple levels of economic, social, and environmental concepts are taken into account. Our findings indicate that, despite Iran's sluggish economic growth, fossil fuel use and CO2 emissions will rise in the scenarios with international sanctions. Imposed sanctions on Iran exacerbate the environmental negative externalities through increasing energy intensity of economic sectors and consequently cause more CO2 emissions. Thus, based on our findings, prolonging international sanctions could be a major barrier to improving energy intensity and lowering CO2 emissions. Given the potential unintended environmental consequences of international sanctions, this study suggests that international communities, particularly sanctioning countries, should consider the environmental impacts of sanctions in their policy-making decisions in order to reduce emissions and related environmental damages.
Towards an Integrated Approach to Crowd Analysis and Crowd Synthesis: a Case Study and First Results
Creators: name: Bandini, Stefania
name: Gorrini, Andrea
name: Vizzari, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 68T42, 68U20

description: Studies related to crowds of pedestrians, both those of theoretical nature and application oriented ones, have generally focused on either the analysis or the synthesis of the phenomena related to the interplay between individual pedestrians, each characterised by goals, preferences and potentially relevant relationships with others, and the environment in which they are situated. The cases in which these activities have been systematically integrated for a mutual benefit are still very few compared to the corpus of crowd related literature. This paper presents a case study of an integrated approach to the definition of an innovative model for pedestrian and crowd simulation (on the side of synthesis) that was actually motivated and supported by the analyses of empirical data acquired from both experimental settings and observations in real world scenarios. In particular, we will introduce a model for the adaptive behaviour of pedestrians that are also members of groups, that strive to maintain their cohesion even in difficult (e.g. high density) situations. The paper will show how the synthesis phase also provided inputs to the analysis of empirical data, in a virtuous circle.
description: Preprint submitted to Pattern Recognition Letters March 20, 2013
STEP Spring Seminar: Creation and Analysis
Creators: name: Winsor, Devon
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: STEP (Program)
subject: Teacher Preparation

description: This deck delves into the process of creating STEP's spring seminar curriculum on Race, Culture, Intersectionality, and Identity in California schools. It outlines the various considerations taken into account when teaching STEP students on this topic, including addressing that the course will only provide a foundation for STEP students, how this is on-going work in a teacher's career. It also provides the logistical conversations that occurred during course creation, such as contemplating appropriate course load for students in the spring. Finally, the deck provides an analysis of 4 spring seminar classes, triangulating observation, interview, and student written feedback data to gauge student perception of those specific classes. The deck concludes by presenting recurring themes throughout the quarter to be considered for next year's seminar.
Ab Initio Lattice Dynamics and Elastic Constants of ZrC
Creators: name: Jochym, Paweł T.
name: Parlinski, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ab initio calculations and a direct method are applied to derive the phonon dispersion relations and phonon density of states for the ZrC crystal. The results are in good agreement with neutron scattering data. The force constants are determined from the Hellmann-Feynman forces induced by atomic displacements in a 2x2x2 supercell. The elastic constants are found using the deformation method and successfully compare with experimental data.
Electrosynthesis of PEDOT films at the liquid|liquid interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions
Creators: name: Lehane, Rob
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical sciences
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: This thesis provides a fundamental investigation into the electrosynthesis of free-standing poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) thin films at the electrified interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES). First, the controllable electrosynthesis of PEDOT films at the ITIES was demonstrated using both cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry methods. The mechanism of EDOT interfacial electropolymerisation was then resolved using a combination of electrochemical and spectroscopic techniques. It was demonstrated that the interfacial electron transfer (IET) reaction between the aqueous Ce(IV) and the organic EDOT monomer takes places when the interfacial Galvani potential difference (Δ𝑜 𝑤𝜙) is biased positively (> +0.2 V), while the deposition of subsequent EDOT oligomers is favourable when the Δ𝑜 𝑤𝜙 is biased negatively. In addition, it was observed that an ion-interchange reaction occurs when EDOT oligomers are deposited at the ITIES with the complexation of the aqueous electrolyte anion (SO4 2‒ ) at the expense of the organic electrolyte anion, tetrakis(penta-fluorophenyl)borate (TB‒ ). Next, extensive characterisation of the free-standing PEDOT film was made to analyse the morphology, composition, electrochemcial performance, and biocompatibility of the conducting polymer film. Finally, the influence of the aqueous electrolyte on the kinetics of nucleation and growth of PEDOT at the ITIES was investigated. The rate of EDOT interfacial electropolymerisation, determined with chronoamperometric analysis, was shown to be both dependant on the applied Δ𝑜 𝑤𝜙, and the choice of aqueous phase electrolyte. A trend that follows the Hofmeister series was observed where increased rates of interfacial electropolymerisation were recorded with anions of increasing hydrophobicity (SO4 2‒ < MsO‒ < NO3 ‒< ClO4 ‒ ). It is expected that the proposed mechanism of EDOT interfacial electropolymerisation will be generic for many aqueous oxidant/organic monomer combinations. Therefore, the results in thesis can be used to improve the interfacial electrosynthesis of other technologically important conducting polymers beyond PEDOT.
title: Income and Happiness in Afghanistan: Do Insecurity and Violence Matter?
title: MAGKS Working Paper Series
Creators: name: Asadi, Mohammad H.
name: Reza Farzanegan, Mohammad
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2023
Subjects: Conflict
Ordered logit
Survey
Violence
Economics
Wirtschaft
Afghanistan
Happiness
Life Satisfaction

description: We examine the relationship between household income and happiness in Afghanistan and the moderating roles of fear of insecurity and experiencing violence. Our study is based on surveys conducted by the Asia Foundation from 2014 to 2021 across 34 provinces in Afghanistan. Employing fixed effects ordered logit regressions, our results reveal a positive association between income and happiness. Additionally, we find a negative association between fear of insecurity, experiencing violence, and happiness. Among individuals with higher incomes and a fear of insecurity, the probability of having a high level of happiness declines by about 2.4% points when compared to those without such fear. Furthermore, for individuals with higher incomes who have experienced violence, the probability of having a high level of happiness declines by about 3.8% points when compared to those who have not experienced violence. However, for individuals with low incomes, insecurity and violence do not significantly impact their predicated level of happiness. This result can be attributed to two main issues. First, in conflict-affected areas, high-income individuals not only encounter the inherent dangers of their environment and the constant threat of terrorism, but also face increased risk of asset loss and institutional mistrust due to rampant corruption. Second, fear of insecurity and experiencing violence are influenced by psychological factors and diminish the positive impact of higher income on happiness. The results are robust to the inclusion of other socio-economic and demographic characteristics of the respondents.