cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The CMB Cold Spot as predicted by foregrounds around nearby galaxies
Creators: name: Lambas, Diego Garcia
name: Hansen, Frode K.
name: Toscano, Facundo
name: Luparello, Heliana E.
name: Boero, Ezequiel F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The non-Gaussian Cold Spot (CS) surrounded by its hot ring is one of the most striking features of the CMB. It has been speculated that either new physics or ISW effect induced by the presence of a cosmic void at high redshift can account for the observations. Here we investigate if the systematic decrease in CMB temperature in the neighbourhood of nearby galaxies may create such a strong temperature depression. In particular, we note that the Eridanus supergroup and its neighbouring groups, is in the CS area. Our goal is to analyse observational galaxy data to characterise the neighbourhood of the CS, explore the properties of these galaxies and thereby make a prediction of the CMB temperature decrement in this region. We use the Planck SMICA maps and the galaxy catalogues 2MRS, 6dF and HIPASS as foreground tracers. We apply mean temperature profiles to model the temperature decrement from the galaxies in the CS area. Even after correcting for the mean low temperature of the CS region, we find that the temperature decrement around galaxies is significantly stronger than the mean decrement in other parts of the sky. We discuss whether this could be attributed to the fact that the CS area coincides with one of the regions populated by the most HI deficient galaxies. Modelling the foreground temperature profile, we find a particularly strong temperature decrement due to the presence of the late-type overabundant largest group complex in the nearby universe. A CS shape, which to a large degree overlaps with the CMB CS, is observed. We conclude that the coincidence of the only nearby spiral rich group complex located in the CS region, and the success of the modelling performed, adds strong evidence to the existence of a local extragalactic foreground which could account for the observed temperature depression, alleviating the tension with an otherwise Gaussian field expected in the CMB.
description: 6 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A
Shift-BNN: Highly-Efficient Probabilistic Bayesian Neural Network Training via Memory-Friendly Pattern Retrieving
Creators: name: Wan, Qiyu
name: Xia, Haojun
name: Zhang, Xingyao
name: Wang, Lening
name: Song, Shuaiwen Leon
name: Fu, Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Bayesian Neural Networks (BNNs) that possess a property of uncertainty estimation have been increasingly adopted in a wide range of safety-critical AI applications which demand reliable and robust decision making, e.g., self-driving, rescue robots, medical image diagnosis. The training procedure of a probabilistic BNN model involves training an ensemble of sampled DNN models, which induces orders of magnitude larger volume of data movement than training a single DNN model. In this paper, we reveal that the root cause for BNN training inefficiency originates from the massive off-chip data transfer by Gaussian Random Variables (GRVs). To tackle this challenge, we propose a novel design that eliminates all the off-chip data transfer by GRVs through the reversed shifting of Linear Feedback Shift Registers (LFSRs) without incurring any training accuracy loss. To efficiently support our LFSR reversion strategy at the hardware level, we explore the design space of the current DNN accelerators and identify the optimal computation mapping scheme to best accommodate our strategy. By leveraging this finding, we design and prototype the first highly efficient BNN training accelerator, named Shift-BNN, that is low-cost and scalable. Extensive evaluation on five representative BNN models demonstrates that Shift-BNN achieves an average of 4.9x (up to 10.8x) boost in energy efficiency and 1.6x (up to 2.8x) speedup over the baseline DNN training accelerator.
description: 54th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture
Water ice: temperature-dependent refractive indexes and their astrophysical implications
Creators: name: Rocha, W. R. M.
name: Rachid, M. G.
name: McClure, M. K.
name: He, J.
name: Linnartz, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interstellar ices are largely composed of frozen water. It is important to derive fundamental parameters for H$_2$O ice such as absorption and scattering opacities for which accurate complex refractive indexes are needed. The primary goal of this work is to derive ice-grain opacities based on accurate H$_2$O ice complex refractive indexes and to assess their impact on the derivation of ice column densities and porosity in space. We use the \texttt{optool} code to derive ice-grain opacities values based on new mid-IR complex refractive index measurements of H$_2$O ice. Next, we use those opacities in the \texttt{RADMC-3D} code to run a radiative transfer simulation of a protostellar envelope containing H$_2$O ice. This is used to calculate water ice column densities. We find that the real refractive index in the mid-IR of H$_2$O ice at 30~K is $\sim$14\% lower than previously reported in the literature. This has a direct impact on the ice column densities derived from the simulations of embedded protostars. We find that ice porosity plays a significant role in the opacity of icy grains and that the H$_2$O libration mode can be used as a diagnostic tool to constrain the porosity level. Finally, the refractive indexes presented here allow us to estimate a grain size detection limit of 18~$μ$m based on the 3~$μ$m band whereas the 6~$μ$m band allows tracing grain sizes larger than 20~$μ$m. Based on radiative transfer simulations using new mid-IR refractive indexes, we conclude that H$_2$O ice leads to more absorption of infrared light than previously estimated. This implies that the 3 and 6~$μ$m bands remain detectable in icy grains with sizes larger than 10~$μ$m. Finally, we propose that also the H$_2$O ice libration band can be a diagnostic tool to constrain the porosity level of the interstellar ice, in addition to the OH dangling bond, which is routinely used for this purpose.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A, 12 pages, 15 figures
Simulation study of fast ion instability in the ILC damping ring and PETRA III
Creators: name: Xia, G.
name: Ohmi, K.
name: Elsen, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fast ion instability is simulated in different gas pressures and fill patterns for the damping ring of the International Linear Collider (ILC) and PETRA III respectively. Beam size variation due to beta function and dispersion function change is taken into account. Feedback is also applied in the simulation.
description: 11 pages, 2 tables, 16 figures
Inequivalence of QFT's on Noncommutative Spacetimes: Moyal versus Wick-Voros
Creators: name: Balachandran, A. P.
name: Ibort, A.
name: Marmo, G.
name: Martone, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we further develop the analysis started in an earlier paper on the inequivalence of certain quantum field theories on noncommutative spacetimes constructed using twisted fields. The issue is of physical importance. Thus it is well known that the commutation relations among spacetime coordinates, which define a noncommutative spacetime, do not constrain the deformation induced on the algebra of functions uniquely. Such deformations are all mathematically equivalent in a very precise sense. Here we show how this freedom at the level of deformations of the algebra of functions can fail on the quantum field theory side. In particular, quantum field theory on the Wick-Voros and Moyal planes are shown to be inequivalent in a few different ways. Thus quantum field theory calculations on these planes will lead to different physics even though the classical theories are equivalent. This result is reminiscent of chiral anomaly in gauge theories and has obvious physical consequences. The construction of quantum field theories on the Wick-Voros plane has new features not encountered for quantum field theories on the Moyal plane. In fact it seems impossible to construct a quantum field theory on the Wick-Voros plane which satisfies all the properties needed of field theories on noncommutative spaces. The Moyal twist seems to have unique features which make it a preferred choice for the construction of a quantum field theory on a noncommutative spacetime.
description: Revised version accepted for publication in Phys.Rev.D; 18 pages
Lagrangian supersaturation fluctuations at the cloud edge
Creators: name: Fries, J.
name: Sardina, G.
name: Svensson, G.
name: Pumir, A.
name: Mehlig, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Evaporation of cloud droplets accelerates when turbulence mixes dry air into the cloud, affecting droplet-size distributions in atmospheric clouds, combustion sprays, and jets of exhaled droplets. The challenge is to model local correlations between droplet numbers, sizes, and supersaturation, which determine supersaturation fluctuations along droplet paths (Lagrangian fluctuations). We derived a statistical model that accounts for these correlations. Its predictions are in quantitative agreement with results of direct numerical simulations, and it explains the key mechanisms at play.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, supplemental material
Parameterizing pressure-temperature profiles of exoplanet atmospheres with neural networks
Creators: name: Gebhard, Timothy D.
name: Angerhausen, Daniel
name: Konrad, Björn S.
name: Alei, Eleonora
name: Quanz, Sascha P.
name: Schölkopf, Bernhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Atmospheric retrievals (AR) of exoplanets typically rely on a combination of a Bayesian inference technique and a forward simulator to estimate atmospheric properties from an observed spectrum. A key component in simulating spectra is the pressure-temperature (PT) profile, which describes the thermal structure of the atmosphere. Current AR pipelines commonly use ad hoc fitting functions here that limit the retrieved PT profiles to simple approximations, but still use a relatively large number of parameters. In this work, we introduce a conceptually new, data-driven parameterization scheme for physically consistent PT profiles that does not require explicit assumptions about the functional form of the PT profiles and uses fewer parameters than existing methods. Our approach consists of a latent variable model (based on a neural network) that learns a distribution over functions (PT profiles). Each profile is represented by a low-dimensional vector that can be used to condition a decoder network that maps $P$ to $T$. When training and evaluating our method on two publicly available datasets of self-consistent PT profiles, we find that our method achieves, on average, better fit quality than existing baseline methods, despite using fewer parameters. In an AR based on existing literature, our model (using two parameters) produces a tighter, more accurate posterior for the PT profile than the five-parameter polynomial baseline, while also speeding up the retrieval by more than a factor of three. By providing parametric access to physically consistent PT profiles, and by reducing the number of parameters required to describe a PT profile (thereby reducing computational cost or freeing resources for additional parameters of interest), our method can help improve AR and thus our understanding of exoplanet atmospheres and their habitability.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
title: An Educational Study to Determine the Nutritional Value and Acceptability of Dry Milk Among the Navajo
Creators: name: Larson, June C.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1966

description: One day at the Intermountain Indian School, when a package of government surplus dry milk seemed to defy opening, a senior Navajo student offered her assistance anx easily opened the many boxes of milk. Upon inquiry, she said that she had opened many a box, especially in the springtime. She went on to say that most of their dry milk was used in the spring to feed baby lambs.
Later this same student told how her baby sister had died during the winter from something. The sister just seemed to get sick and then died. Could her death have been the result of an inadequate diet?
Interest in the diets of the Navajo students and their families was thus started. It has resulted in this educational study on how non-fat dry milk might be used and made acceptable to the Navajo. Thus, it would improve the eating habits and nutrition of these people.
title: Operation and Management Guides for a Dairy Manufacturing Plant
Creators: name: Valanejad, Mohammad
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1965

description: The dairy and food industries have become highly technical and almost completely mechanized. They also ranked as one of the greatest industries in the country at the present time and represent an investment of many billions of dollars.
The rigid health department regulations, together with the special processes required, call for many types of specialized equipments and procedures. Most of the processes require heat, power, and refrigeration. More exact control of processes, as well as more efficient operation, have become increasingly important as these industries have matured and as competition has become keener. Material handling and automation are major developments in the modern milk or food processing plant.
The purpose of this handbook is to compile procedures, table, directives, recipes, and formulas to help and guide in the operation of the plant and manufacture of dairy products. The care, operation and maintenance of plant equipments, layout, management practices, and reference tables used in the plant are also provided.
Long-term dynamical survival of deep Earth coorbitals
Creators: name: Christou, Apostolos A.
name: Georgakarakos, Nikolaos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the long-term dynamical survival of Earth co-orbital asteroids, focusing on near-circular, near-planar orbits which existing studies suggest are the most stable. Through numerical integration of test particles we show that about a quarter of an initial population can survive for at least 50\% of the age of the solar system with horseshoe particles being four to five times more likely to survive than L4/L5 Trojans. From the end state statistics we constrain the existence of planetesimal-sized objects originally in co-orbital libration, finding that typically $5^{-2}_{+7}$ such planetesimals and no more than $27^{-9}_{+30}$ (95\% confidence) could have been present. Our simulations also suggest that episodic variations in the terrestrial orbital eccentricity may have caused bulk escape of co-orbitals, though variations large enough ($>$0.01) to generate such episodes are statistically unlikely. We then consider the orbital evolution of co-orbital asteroids of sizes down to $D = 50$ m under the Yarkovsky effect and find that objects with $D$ $
description: 12 pages, 3 tables, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
title: Design Through Discovery: Selected Projects in Lighting, Projection, and Scenic Design
Creators: name: Piechocki, Steven Richard
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2016

description: I realize, with some trepidation, that I have been doing theatre for most of my life. I have struggled, been successful, lost sleep, cried, given up, left and yet I always find my way back. I have a love/hate relationship with the theatre. But at the end of the day I have never felt more connection, love, compassion, fulfillment, and satisfaction from any other endeavor than I do from creating theatre. I truly believe that theatre is the embodiment of the human condition. It isn’t just an art form, it is the art form. It is all the art forms coming together to create something bigger than themselves. There is poetry, music, sculpture, architecture, painting, science, mathematics, religion, politics, and dance, just to scratch the surface. At its heart theatre is storytelling. It is the story of what it means to be human, told in an infinite number of ways. I also like football. Yet I am constantly astounded that the theatre is treated like the redheaded stepchild of not only our collected community but of the arts community. It seems football, music, science, you name it, are more heavily funded and supported than theatre, both in academia as well as professionally. I have come to realize that anybody who receives a degree in theatre is more connected to the world, collaborates more successfully with others, appreciates our differences, and strives for something greater than in any other field of study. As a lighting designer I have to know art and physics, as an actor I have to know language and psychology, and as a theatre artist I have to strive to know what makes us human. To be good at theatre you have to know and appreciate a little bit of everything, everything that makes us … us. Maybe because at its heart theatre is the study of us, it’s not specific enough to garner the attention or support that a seemingly more specialized field does. I don’t know. I may never make a million dollars doing theatre, but at the end of the day I hope that what I’ve accomplished has touched, connected, and inspired someone the way the theatre has always done for me. I cannot imagine a challenging yet more fulfilling life. End scene.
Power to the Relational Inductive Bias: Graph Neural Networks in Electrical Power Grids
Creators: name: Ringsquandl, Martin
name: Sellami, Houssem
name: Hildebrandt, Marcel
name: Beyer, Dagmar
name: Henselmeyer, Sylwia
name: Weber, Sebastian
name: Joblin, Mitchell
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The application of graph neural networks (GNNs) to the domain of electrical power grids has high potential impact on smart grid monitoring. Even though there is a natural correspondence of power flow to message-passing in GNNs, their performance on power grids is not well-understood. We argue that there is a gap between GNN research driven by benchmarks which contain graphs that differ from power grids in several important aspects. Additionally, inductive learning of GNNs across multiple power grid topologies has not been explored with real-world data. We address this gap by means of (i) defining power grid graph datasets in inductive settings, (ii) an exploratory analysis of graph properties, and (iii) an empirical study of the concrete learning task of state estimation on real-world power grids. Our results show that GNNs are more robust to noise with up to 400% lower error compared to baselines. Furthermore, due to the unique properties of electrical grids, we do not observe the well known over-smoothing phenomenon of GNNs and find the best performing models to be exceptionally deep with up to 13 layers. This is in stark contrast to existing benchmark datasets where the consensus is that 2 to 3 layer GNNs perform best. Our results demonstrate that a key challenge in this domain is to effectively handle long-range dependence.
Additional file 1 of Novel deep learning-based transcriptome data analysis for drug-drug interaction prediction with an application in diabetes
Creators: name: Luo, Qichao
name: Mo, Shenglong
name: Xue, Yunfei
name: Zhang, Xiangzhou
name: Gu, Yuliang
name: Wu, Lijuan
name: Zhang, Jia
name: Sun, Linyan
name: Liu, Mei
name: Hu, Yong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Medicine
Pharmacology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Information Systems not elsewhere classified
Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Virology

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1 Optimization of the LSTM model in terms of the number of layers and nodes in each layer. Fig. S2 Optimization of the DNN models with three different drug features in terms of the number of layers and nodes in each layer. Fig. S3 DDI prediction with LSTM. Table S1 Preparation of the Gold Standard DDI Dataset. Table S2 Optimal parameters of GCAN. Table S3 Performance comparison on DS1. Table S4 Performance comparison on DS2. Table S5 Performance on different orders of the drugs.
Thermal Raman study of Li4Ti5O12 and discussion about the number of its characteristic bands
Creators: name: Nikiforov, Aleksey A.
name: Krylov, Alexander S.
name: Krylova, Svetlana N.
name: Gorshkov, Vadim S.
name: Pelegov, Dmitry V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lithium battery industry is booming, and this fast growth should be supported by developing industry friendly tools to control the quality of positive and negative electrode materials. Raman spectroscopy was shown to be a cost effective and sensitive instrument to study defects and heterogeneities in lithium titanate, popular negative electrode material for high power applications, but there are still some points to be clarified. This work presents a detailed thermal Raman study for lithium titanate and discusses the difference of the number of predicted and experimentally observed Raman-active bands. The low temperature study and the analysis of thermal shifts of bands positions during heating let us to conclude about advantages of the proposed approach with surplus bands and recommend using shifts of major band to estimate the sample heating.
Probing the dusty environment of the Seyfert 1 nucleus in NGC 3783 with MIDI/VLTI interferometry
Creators: name: Beckert, Thomas
name: Driebe, Thomas
name: Hoenig, Sebastian F.
name: Weigelt, Gerd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present mid-IR spectro-interferometry of the Seyfert type 1 nucleus of NGC 3783. The dusty circumnuclear environment is spatially resolved and the wavelength dependence of the compact emission is discussed. The observations were carried out with the MIDI instrument at the Very Large Telescope Interferometer in the N-band. Spectra and visibilities were derived with a spectral resolution of 30 in the wavelength range from 8 to 13 micron. For the interpretation we developed a simple dusty disk model with small and variable covering factor. At baselines of 65 and 69 m, visibilities in the range of 0.4 to 0.7 were measured. The N-band spectra show a monotonic increase of the measured flux with wavelength with no apparent silicate feature around 10 micron. We find that the mid-IR emission from the nucleus can be reproduced by an extended dust disk or torus with a small covering factor of the radiating dust clouds. Our mid-IR observations of NGC 3783 are consistent with a clumpy circumnuclear dust environment. The interpretation in terms of a dusty torus with low covering factor supports a clumpy version of the unified scheme for AGN. The inferred sizes and luminosities are in good agreement with dust reverberation sizes and bolometric luminosities from optical and X-ray observations.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures; letter accepted by A&A
MOESM5 of Safety and efficacy of obinutuzumab in Chinese patients with B-cell lymphomas: a secondary analysis of the GERSHWIN trial
Creators: name: Qin, Yan
name: Song, Yuqin
name: Shen, Zhixiang
name: Du, Xin
name: Ji, Wei
name: Hsu, Wanling
name: Zhu, Jun
name: Shi, Yuankai
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: Cell Biology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 5. Summary of SAEs.
Testing Models of Triggered Star Formation with Young Stellar Objects in Cepheus OB4
Creators: name: Mintz, Abby
name: Hora, Joseph L.
name: Winston, Elaine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: OB associations are home to newly formed massive stars, whose turbulent winds and ionizing flux create H II regions rich with star formation. Studying the distribution and abundance of young stellar objects (YSOs) in these ionized bubbles can provide essential insight into the physical processes that shape their formation, allowing us to test competing models of star formation. In this work, we examined one such OB association, Cepheus OB4 (Cep OB4) - a well-suited region for studying YSOs due to its Galactic location, proximity, and geometry. We created a photometric catalog from Spitzer/IRAC mosaics in bands 1 (3.6 $μ$m) and 2 (4.5 $μ$m). We supplemented the catalog with photometry from WISE, 2MASS, IRAC bands 3 (5.8 $μ$m) and 4 (8.0 $μ$m), MIPS 24 $μ$m, and MMIRS near IR data. We used color-color selections to identify 821 YSOs, which we classified using the IR slope of the YSOs' spectral energy distributions (SEDs), finding 67 Class I, 103 flat spectrum, 569 Class II, and 82 Class III YSOs. We conducted a clustering analysis of the Cep OB4 YSOs and fit their SEDs. We found many young Class I objects distributed in the surrounding shell and pillars as well as a relative age gradient of unclustered sources, with YSOs generally decreasing in age with distance from the central cluster. Both of these results indicate that the expansion of the H II region may have triggered star formation in Cep OB4.
description: 29 pages, 19 figures, 8 tables, Accepted for publication by The Astronomical Journal
title: A Comparison of Random Forest-Based Methods for Racial/Ethnic-Specific Classification of Obesity
Creators: name: Jeon, Sun Young
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2015

description: Obesity is typically defined using body mass index (BMI) and its established cut-off. However, some studies have highlighted the importance of developing racial/ethnic-specific classifications of obesity that reflect different body compositions and fat distributions. Using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data and Random Forest classification, this paper attempts to identify important body measures and cut-offs for predicting obesity-related health risks among White, Hispanic and Black male populations in the U.S. In particular, this paper compares the performance of three Random Forest-based methods for dealing with class imbalance: weighted Random Forest (WRF), Random Forest with down-sampling (DS), and Random Forest with SMOTE. Of the three methods, the best performing one turned out to be different for each population in the given dataset. Thus, WRF for Whites, Random Forest with SMOTE for Hispanics, and Random Forest with DS for Blacks are used as the final models for the classification. The results show that BMI is indeed an important body measure for predicting obesity-related health risks among White males, but is considerably less informative for Hispanic and Black males. On the other hand, using waist circumference along with population-specific cut-offs turned out to be more useful in predicting obesity-related health risks for these two populations.
Angle-dependent electron confinement in graphene moiré superlattices
Creators: name: Sanchez-Ochoa, Francisco
name: Botello-Mendez, Andres
name: Noguez, Cecilia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In graphene moiré superlattices, electronic interactions between layers are mostly hidden as band structures get crowded because of folding, making their interpretation cumbersome. Here, the evolution of the electronic band structure as a function of the interlayer rotation angle is studied using Density Functional Theory followed by unfolding bands and then comparing them to their corresponding individual components. We observe interactions at regions not theoretically elucidated so far, where for small interlayer angles, gaps turn into discrete-like states that are evenly spaced in energy. We find that $V_{ppσ}$ attractive interactions between out-of-plane orbitals from different layers are responsible for the discretization. Furthermore, when the interlayer angle becomes small, these discrete evenly-spaced states have energy differences comparable to graphene phonons. Thus, they might be relevant to explain electron-phonon-assisted effects, which have been experimentally observed in graphene moiré superlattices.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures
A relativistic description of the A(pi+,K+)_ΛA reaction
Creators: name: Bender, S.
name: Shyam, R.
name: Lenske, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the A$(π^+,K^+){_Λ}$A reaction within a covariant model. We consider those amplitudes which are described by creation, propagation and decay into relevant channel of $N^*$(1650), $N^*$(1710), and $N^*$(1720) intermediate baryonic resonance states in the initial collision of the incoming pion with one of the target nucleons. The bound state nucleon and hyperon wave functions are obtained by solving the Dirac equation with appropriate scalar and vector potentials. Expressions for the reaction amplitudes are derived taking continuum particle wave function in the plane wave approximation. Numerical calculations are presented for reactions on $^{12}$C, $^{40}$Ca, $^{51}$V and $^{89}$Y target nuclei. The predictions of our model are in reasonable agreement with the available experimental data.
description: 19 pages, 14 figures; revised version to appear in Nucl. Phys. A
First exploration of the runaway greenhouse transition with a GCM
Creators: name: Chaverot, G.
name: Bolmont, E.
name: Turbet, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Even if their detection is for now challenging, observation of small terrestrial planets will be easier in a near future thanks to continuous improvements of detection and characterisation instruments. In this quest, climate modeling is a key step to understand their characteristics, atmospheric composition and possible history. If a surface water reservoir is present on such a terrestrial planet, an increase in insolation may lead to a dramatic positive feedback induced by water evaporation: the runaway greenhouse. The resulting rise of global surface temperature leads to the evaporation of the entire water reservoir, separating two very different population of planets: 1) temperate planets with a surface water ocean and 2) hot planets with a puffed atmosphere dominated by water vapor. In this work we use a 3D General Circulation Model (GCM), the Generic-PCM, to study the runaway greenhouse transition, linking temperate and post-runaway states. Our simulations are made of two steps. First, assuming initially a liquid surface ocean, an evaporation phase which enriches the atmosphere in water vapor. Second, when the ocean is considered entirely evaporated, a dry transition phase for which the surface temperature increases dramatically. Finally, it converges on a hot and stable post-runaway state. By describing in detail the evolution of the climate during these two steps, we show a rapid transition of the cloud coverage and of the wind circulation from the troposphere to the stratosphere. By comparing our result to previous studies using 1D models, we discuss the effect of intrinsically 3D processes such as the global dynamics and the clouds, keys to understand the runaway greenhouse. We also explore the potential reversibility of the runaway greenhouse, limited by its radiative unbalance.
description: 15 pages, 17 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Metal enrichment and evolution in four z > 6.5 quasar sightlines observed with JWST/NIRSpec
Creators: name: Christensen, L.
name: Jakobsen, P.
name: Willott, C.
name: Arribas, S.
name: Bunker, A.
name: Charlot, S.
name: Maiolino, R.
name: Marshall, M.
name: Perna, M.
name: Übler, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present JWST/NIRSpec R~2700 spectra of four high-redshift quasars: VDES J0020-3653 (z = 6.860), DELS J0411-0907 (z = 6.825), UHS J0439+1634 (z = 6.519) and ULAS J1342+0928 (z = 7.535). The exquisite data quality, signal-to-noise ratio of 50-200, and large $0.86\!~μ{\rm m}\le λ\le 5.5\!~μ{\rm m}$ spectral coverage allows us to identify between 13 and 17 intervening and proximate metal absorption line systems in each quasar spectrum, with a total number of 61 absorption-line systems detected at 2.426 and find: i) A continued increase of the low-ionization OI, CII, and SiII incidence, ii) Decreasing high-ionization CIV and SiIV incidence with a transition from predominantly high- to low-ionization at $z\approx6.0$, and iii) a constant MgII incidence across all redshifts. The observations support a change in the ionization state of the intergalactic medium in the EoR rather than a change in metallicity. The abundance ratio of [Si/O] in five z>6 absorption systems show enrichment signatures produced by low-mass Pop III pair instability supernovae, and possibly Pop III hypernovae. In the Gunn-Peterson troughs we detect transmission spikes where Ly$α$ photons can escape. From 22 absorption systems at z>5.7, only a single low-ionization system out of 13 lies within 2000 km/s from a spike, while four high-ionization systems out of nine lie within ~2000 km/s from a spike. This confirms that galaxies responsible for the heavy elements that are transported into the circumgalactic medium lie in predominantly in high-density, neutral environments, while lower density environments are ionized without being polluted by metals at $z\approx$ 6-7. [abridged]
description: 48 pages including 28 pages of appendices. Accepted for publication in A&A
title: Reanalyzing The Political Stability of Britain's Democratization
Creators: name: Burton, Nathan R.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2016

description: A recent article in Journal of Economic History by Dasgupta and Ziblatt uses bond yields to analyze the political risk of the 19th century democratization legislation of Britain known as the Reform Acts. Dasgupta and Ziblatt find that the volatility of yields is relatively high during periods of legislation, and model the yields via GAM method, concluding that the political risk associated with the Reform Acts was high. I reproduce the study and comparing those times of 'high' volatility to all periods and find nothing to compare high-volatility periods to, suggesting that it is inconclusive whether the Reform Acts were truly politically risky. I also find that the data and study are less than satisfactory use of the GAM to model bond yields.
title: I No Longer Hear the Wind
Creators: name: Steele, Robert Tyson
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2015

description: I No Longer Hear the Wind is a collection of poetry that explores an unnamed narrator's relationship with nature and civilization. The poems follow this narrator through his fragmented journey of trying to find nature in its most authentic form. As the narrator jumps in and out of civilization, he realizes that he ultimately cannot find nature, even in the most wild of places. Understanding this dilemma, the narrator seeks to connect with society while simultaneously avoiding, resisting, and even undermining civilization, technology, and authority.
The collection draws its influence from nature poets like Rumi, Whitman, Thoreau, and many others and brings their ideas into the problems faced by the 21st century consumer-driven world.
title: Price Volatility and Structural Breaks In U.S. Dairy Markets
Creators: name: Baldwin, Morgan James
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2016

description: This paper examines whether price volatility has increased for the all-milk price and milk margin over the past 25 years. It focuses on the impact of export and attempts to establish the existence of structural changes in the market. Various models are applied to analyze the stated question and results discussed. This paper finds that there was a distinct structural break in the milk price and possibly in the milk margin. Trade has limited correlation to volatility in the milk margin and milk price.
Optical band engineering via vertical stacking of honeycomb plasmonic lattices
Creators: name: Becerril, D.
name: Pirruccio, G.
name: Noguez, Cecilia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inspired by recent advances in atomic homo and heterostructures, we consider the vertical stacking of plasmonic lattices as a new degree of freedom to create a coupled system showing a modified optical response concerning the monolayer. The precise design of the stacking and the geometrical parameters of two honeycomb plasmonic lattices tailors the interaction among their metallic nanoparticles. Based on the similarity of the lattice symmetry, analogies can be drawn with stacked atomic crystals, such as graphene. We use the multipolar spectral representation to study the plasmonic vertical stack's optical response in the near-field regime, emphasizing symmetry properties. The strong coupling of certain optical bands shows up as anticrossings in the dispersion diagram, resulting in the polarization exchange of the interacting bands. By leveraging these effects, we engineer the near-field intensity distribution. Additionally, lifting band degeneracy at specific points of the Brillouin zone is obtained with the consequent opening of minigaps. These effects are understood by quantifying the multipolar coupling among nanospheres belonging to the same and different sublattices, as well as the interlayer and intralayer nanoparticle interactions. Differences with the atomic case are also analyzed and explained in terms of the stack's interaction matrix. Finally, we predict the absorption spectrum projected on the two orthogonal linear polarizations.
description: 14 pages, 12 figures
Speckle Interferometry of Metal-Poor Stars in the Solar Neighborhood.II
Creators: name: Rastegaev, D. A.
name: Balega, Yu. Yu.
name: Maksimov, A. F.
name: Malogolovets, E. V.
name: Dyachenko, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The results of speckle interferometric observations of 115 metal-poor stars [m/H]
Internal Location Based System For Mobile Devices Using Passive RFID And Wireless Technology
Creators: name: Potgantwar, A. D.
name: Wadhai, Vijay M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This article has been withdrawn by arXiv administrators due to plagiarized content from arXiv:1009.3448.
description: This article has been withdrawn by arXiv administrators due to plagiarized content from arXiv:1009.3448
title: Comparison of Take Off Kinematics During Loaded Countermovement Jumps in Division One Female Gymnasts and Soccer Athletes
Creators: name: Moreau, Ryan
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2016

description: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare takeoff kinematics of incrementally loaded countermovement jumps (CMJ) in water and land in female gymnasts and soccer athletes.
Methods: 24 Division I student athletes (12 gymnastics, 12 soccer) volunteered for this study. Subjects performed CMJ on land and water at a level of the xiphoid process without an arm swing. CMJs with loads of body weight (BW), 10% BW, 20% BW, and 30% BW were performed three times per trial at each load. 15 kinematic variables related to the lower extremity were examined.
Results: For environment, significant (p less than 0.001) segment ROM values were greater on land than in water. Segmental velocities displayed mixed results, as thigh positive (countermovement) velocities were greater in water than land, and shank positive velocities were greater on land than water. During propulsion, all segmental velocities displayed significant o (mean plus/minus SD). In the propulsive phase, gymnasts displayed 23.3 plus/minus 3.7o greater plantarflexion than their soccer counterparts Segmental velocities of the foot followed suit with gymnasts' findings relating to the foot velocity were greater by 103o/second. Physical properties of water, specifically buoyancy and drag, played a vital role in environmental differences. When comparing sport, gymnasts displayed greater foot ROM likely due tot he aesthetic aspect of gymnastics compared to soccer in regards to improving an athlete's score based on how well the gymnast can "point their toes" during competition. No significant findings were identified by the effect of load on both environment and sport.
Conclusion: These results suggest the buoyancy of water may facilitate the countermovement phase yet the extensive drag forces during propulsion restrict segmental velocities during propulsion.
Critical Fields and Anisotropy of NdO0.82F0.18FeAs Single Crystals
Creators: name: Jia, Ying
name: Cheng, Peng
name: Fang, Lei
name: Luo, Huiqian
name: Yang, Huan
name: Ren, Cong
name: Shan, Lei
name: Gu, Changzhi
name: Wen, Hai-Hu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The newly discovered iron-based superconductors have stimulated enormous interests in the field of superconductivity. Since the new superconductor is a layered system, the anisotropy is a parameter with the first priority to know. Meanwhile any relevant message about the critical fields (upper critical field and irreversibility line) are essentially important. By using flux method, we have successfully grown the single crystals NdO0.82F0.18FeAs at ambient pressure. Resistive measurements reveal a surprising discovery that the anisotropy Γ= (mc/mab)^{1/2} is below 5, which is much smaller than the theoretically calculated results. The data measured up to 400 K show a continuing curved feature which prevents a conjectured linear behavior for an unconventional metal. The upper critical fields determined based on the Werthamer-Helfand-Hohenberg formula are H_{c2}^{H||ab}(T=0 K) = 304 T and H_{c2}^{H||c}(T=0 K)=62-70 T, indicating a very encouraging application of the new superconductors.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, Submitted on 26 May, 2008
Revisiting the evolution of nonradiative supernova remnants: A hydrodynamical-informed parameterization of the shock positions
Creators: name: Bandiera, R.
name: Bucciantini, N.
name: Martín, J.
name: Olmi, B.
name: Torres, D. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding the evolution of a supernova remnant shell in time is fundamental. Such understanding is critical to build reliable models of the dynamics of the supernova remnant shell interaction with any pulsar wind nebula it might contain. Here, we perform a large study of the parameter space for the one-dimensional spherically symmetric evolution of a supernova remnant, accompanying it by analytical analysis. Assuming, as is usual, an ejecta density profile with a power-law core and an envelope, and a uniform ambient medium, we provide a set of highly-accurate approximations for the evolution of the main structural features of supernova remnants, such as the reverse and forward shocks and the contact discontinuity. We compare our results with previously adopted approximations, showing that existing simplified prescriptions can easily lead to large errors. In particular, in the context of pulsar wind nebulae modelling, an accurate description for the supernova remnant reverse shock is required. We also study in depth the self-similar solutions for the initial phase of evolution, when the reverse shock propagates through the envelope of the ejecta. Since these self-similar solutions are exact, but not fully analytical, we here provide highly-accurate approximations as well.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures, 6 tables
A Profile Likelihood Analysis of the Constrained MSSM with Genetic Algorithms
Creators: name: Akrami, Yashar
name: Scott, Pat
name: Edsjö, Joakim
name: Conrad, Jan
name: Bergström, Lars
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Constrained Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (CMSSM) is one of the simplest and most widely-studied supersymmetric extensions to the standard model of particle physics. Nevertheless, current data do not sufficiently constrain the model parameters in a way completely independent of priors, statistical measures and scanning techniques. We present a new technique for scanning supersymmetric parameter spaces, optimised for frequentist profile likelihood analyses and based on Genetic Algorithms. We apply this technique to the CMSSM, taking into account existing collider and cosmological data in our global fit. We compare our method to the MultiNest algorithm, an efficient Bayesian technique, paying particular attention to the best-fit points and implications for particle masses at the LHC and dark matter searches. Our global best-fit point lies in the focus point region. We find many high-likelihood points in both the stau co-annihilation and focus point regions, including a previously neglected section of the co-annihilation region at large m_0. We show that there are many high-likelihood points in the CMSSM parameter space commonly missed by existing scanning techniques, especially at high masses. This has a significant influence on the derived confidence regions for parameters and observables, and can dramatically change the entire statistical inference of such scans.
description: 47 pages, 8 figures; Fig. 8, Table 7 and more discussions added to Sec. 3.4.2 in response to referee's comments; accepted for publication in JHEP