cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Mary Wollstonecraft : forerunner of positive liberty and communitarianism
Creators: name: Stanley, Michelle Joelene
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2013

description: This thesis explores the extent to which Mary Wollstonecraft can be associated with the philosophical conversation about liberty, in which John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and John Stuart Mill are familiar names. Wollstonecraft was a woman whose appearance in this discourse was well-known during her lifetime; however, due to her unorthodox lifestyle and her gender, she was discredited after her death. My research corrects this omission by placing her within the canon as a philosopher of liberty. In particular, an analysis of her A Vindication of the Rights of Men, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, An Historical and Moral View of the Origin and Progress of the French Revolution, and Letters Written During a Short Residence in Sweden, Norway and Denmark in light of Canadian philosopher Charles Taylor’s work, reveals Wollstonecraft’s position as an early proponent of what comes to be called positive liberty and communitarianism. Positive liberty, loosely defined, is the idea that freedom requires more than the absence of restraint; there are certain actions that government and society need to take to ensure citizens’ freedom. Communitarianism, which proposes that true freedom may only be found in a certain form of society, is closely linked with ideas of positive liberty. Indeed, Wollstonecraft’s call for national public education and the restructuring of the property system, in conjunction with her recognition of the public and political nature of the ‘private’ family, is evidence that not only was she a proponent of positive liberty and communitarianism, but her philosophy was ahead of its time.
Boundaries of Disk-like Self-affine Tiles
Creators: name: Leung, King-Shun
name: Luo, Jun Jason
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 52C20, 11K55, 28A80

description: Let $T:= T(A, {\mathcal D})$ be a disk-like self-affine tile generated by an integral expanding matrix $A$ and a consecutive collinear digit set ${\mathcal D}$, and let $f(x)=x^{2}+px+q$ be the characteristic polynomial of $A$. In the paper, we identify the boundary $\partial T$ with a sofic system by constructing a neighbor graph and derive equivalent conditions for the pair $(A,{\mathcal D})$ to be a number system. Moreover, by using the graph-directed construction and a device of pseudo-norm $ω$, we find the generalized Hausdorff dimension $\dim_H^ω (\partial T)=2\log ρ(M)/\log |q|$ where $ρ(M)$ is the spectral radius of certain contact matrix $M$. Especially, when $A$ is a similarity, we obtain the standard Hausdorff dimension $\dim_H (\partial T)=2\log ρ/\log |q|$ where $ρ$ is the largest positive zero of the cubic polynomial $x^{3}-(|p|-1)x^{2}-(|q|-|p|)x-|q|$, which is simpler than the known result.
description: 26 pages, 11 figures
title: Assesment of necrosis volume by 3D-modelling in patients with acute pancreatitis
Creators: name: Zelter, Pavel
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: Computer applications
subject: CT
subject: Computer Applications-3D
subject: Acute

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Acute pancreatitis is a frequentdisease characterized by a variable clinical course.Acute pancreatitismay vary from a mild disease with only minimal systemic manifestations (approximately 80–90% of patients) to a clinically severe form (10– 20%...
Attacking practical quantum key distribution system with wavelength dependent beam splitter and multi-wavelength sources
Creators: name: Li, Hong-Wei
name: Wang, Shuang
name: Huang, Jing-Zheng
name: Chen, Wei
name: Yin, Zhen-Qiang
name: Li, Fang-Yi
name: Zhou, Zheng
name: Liu, Dong
name: Zhang, Yang
name: Guo, Guang-Can
name: Bao, Wan-Su
name: Han, Zheng-Fu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Unconditional security of quantum key distribution protocol can be guaranteed by the basic property of quantum mechanics. Unfortunately, the practical quantum key distribution system always have some imperfections, and the practical system may be attacked if the imperfection can be controlled by the eavesdropper Eve. Applying the fatal security loophole introduced by the imperfect beam splitter's wavelength dependent optical property, we propose wavelength-dependent attacking model, which can be applied to almost all practical quantum key distribution systems with the passive state modulation and photon state detection after the practical beam splitter. Utilizing our attacking model, we experimentally demonstrate the attacking system based on practical polarization encoding quantum key distribution system with almost 100% success probability. Our result demonstrate that all practical devices require tightened security inspection for avoiding side channel attacks in practical quantum key distribution experimental realizations.
title: Beyond adenocarcinoma: unusual prostatic lesions on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging.
Creators: name: Sulla Lupinacci, Felipe
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: Oncology
subject: MR
subject: Decision analysis
subject: Education
subject: Cancer
subject: Infection

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Advances in prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been, in recent decades, an important increase in the detection capacity of adenocarcinoma, which is one of the main priorities of this type of study. Although this is one of the most...
Probing hepatic metabolism of [2- 13 C]dihydroxyacetone in vivo with 1 H-decoupled hyperpolarized 13 C-MR
Creators: name: Marco-Rius, Irene
name: Wright, Alan J.
name: Hu, De-En
name: Savic, Dragana
name: Miller, Jack J.
name: Timm, Kerstin N.
name: Tyler, Damian
name: Brindle, Kevin M.
name: Comment, Arnaud
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Research Article
Basic Science - Preclinical spectroscopy
Carbon-13 magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Gluconeogenesis
Glycolysis
Liver
Metabolism
Dynamic Nuclear Polarisation
Hyperpolarisation

description: Funder: Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100011747
description: Funder: University of Cambridge
description: Abstract: Objectives: To enhance detection of the products of hyperpolarized [2-13C]dihydroxyacetone metabolism for assessment of three metabolic pathways in the liver in vivo. Hyperpolarized [2-13C]DHAc emerged as a promising substrate to follow gluconeogenesis, glycolysis and the glycerol pathways. However, the use of [2-13C]DHAc in vivo has not taken off because (i) the chemical shift range of [2-13C]DHAc and its metabolic products span over 144 ppm, and (ii) 1H decoupling is required to increase spectral resolution and sensitivity. While these issues are trivial for high-field vertical-bore NMR spectrometers, horizontal-bore small-animal MR scanners are seldom equipped for such experiments. Methods: Real-time hepatic metabolism of three fed mice was probed by 1H-decoupled 13C-MR following injection of hyperpolarized [2-13C]DHAc. The spectra of [2-13C]DHAc and its metabolic products were acquired in a 7 T small-animal MR scanner using three purpose-designed spectral-spatial radiofrequency pulses that excited a spatial bandwidth of 8 mm with varying spectral bandwidths and central frequencies (chemical shifts). Results: The metabolic products detected in vivo include glycerol 3-phosphate, glycerol, phosphoenolpyruvate, lactate, alanine, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and glucose 6-phosphate. The metabolite-to-substrate ratios were comparable to those reported previously in perfused liver. Discussion: Three metabolic pathways can be probed simultaneously in the mouse liver in vivo, in real time, using hyperpolarized DHAc.
Vineyard soil communities and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associating with grapevine roots in response to irrigation frequency
Creators: name: Holland, Taylor Craig
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2013

description: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi form a root symbiosis with most plants and are known to benefit plants in a variety of ways. These organisms could be valuable in agricultural settings, leading to increased crop production and quality. For instance, the economically important Vitis vinifera is a highly mycorrhizal plant, dependent on the fungi for tolerating harsh growing conditions. Deficit irrigation is a viticultural practice that enables V. vinifera to be grown in arid climates where water resources are scarce, but how this management practice affects soil communities is not understood. There are three parts to this thesis. In the first experiment, I studied the abundance of different soil organisms to determine if irrigation frequency affects soil communities in general. The two frequencies of irrigation resulted in soil moisture levels that were either constant or fluctuated in a three-day cycle. I found that the biomass of fungi increased with fluctuating moisture, but in general the animal groups were most abundant in constantly moist soils. Secondly, I focused solely on the response of AM fungal communities. These did not respond to irrigation frequency. Instead, results of this experiment indicated there was an environmental effect as the fungal communities differed between the blocks. Both plant physiology and soil chemistry were identified as contributing to observed variation. Arbuscular colonization increased in the fluctuating soil moisture treatment compared with constant soil moisture, indicating a possible functional change in AM fungi due to irrigation frequency. In the final experiment I determined whether grapevines had distinct AM fungal communities compared to plants in co-occurring communities in the adjacent interrows. I found support for my prediction that the vinerow and interrow plant communities supported different AM fungal communities. Overall, this thesis indicates that management practices do affect soil communities, either in abundance, composition, or function. This could be due to changes in soil moisture, chemistry, or indirectly through changes in plant eco-physiology. It also provides reasoning that more research is needed to enhance our understanding how AM fungal communities function in this agricultural setting.
Competition between electronic Kerr and free carrier effects in an ultimate-fast optically switched semiconductor microcavity
Creators: name: Yüce, E.
name: Ctistis, G.
name: Claudon, J.
name: Dupuy, E.
name: Boller, K. J.
name: Gérard, J. M.
name: Vos, W. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have performed ultrafast pump-probe experiments on a GaAs-AlAs microcavity with a resonance near 1300 nm in the "original" telecom band. We concentrate on ultimate-fast optical switching of the cavity resonance that is measured as a function of pump-pulse energy. We observe that at low pump-pulse energies the switching of the cavity resonance is governed by the instantaneous electronic Kerr effect and is achieved within 300 fs. At high pump-pulse energies the index change induced by free carriers generated in the GaAs start to compete with the electronic Kerr effect and reduce the resonance frequency shift. We have developed an analytic model which predicts this competition in agreement with the experimental data. Our model includes a new term in the intensity-dependent refractive index that considers the effect of the probe pulse intensity, which is resonantly enhanced by the cavity. We calculate the effect of the resonantly enhanced probe light on the refractive index change induced by the electronic Kerr effect for cavities with different quality factors. By exploiting the linear regime where only the electronic Kerr effect is observed, we manage to retrieve the nondegenerate third order nonlinear susceptibility for GaAs from the cavity resonance shift as a function of pump-pulse energy.
description: 31 pages, 8 figures
title: Development of common data module extension for radiology data (R-CDM): A pilot study to predict outcome of liver cirrhosis with using portal phase abdominal computed tomography data
Creators: name: KWON, EUN YOUNG
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cirrhosis
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: CT
subject: Artificial Intelligence

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Introduction Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI) is an international, interdisciplinary collaborative to create and apply open-source data analytic solutions for a large network of health databases to improve human health...
title: Mobile Money trägt zur finanziellen Inklusion bei und kann negative Schocks abpuffern: Interview
Creators: name: Lehmann-Uschner, Katharina
name: Wittenberg, Erich
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2020

description: DIW Wochenbericht, 87 (2020), 22, S. 382
Tunable interactions and phase transitions in Dirac materials in a magnetic field
Creators: name: Papić, Z.
name: Abanin, D. A.
name: Barlas, Y.
name: Bhatt, R. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A partially filled Landau level (LL) hosts a variety of correlated states of matter with unique properties. The ability to control these phases requires tuning the effective electron interactions within a LL, which has been difficult to achieve in GaAs-based structures. Here we consider a class of Dirac materials in which the chiral band structure, along with the mass term, gives rise to a wide tunability of the effective interactions by the magnetic field. This tunability is such that different phases can occur in a single LL, and phase transitions between them can be driven in situ. The incompressible, Abelian and non-Abelian, liquids are stabilized in interaction regimes different from GaAs. Our study points to a realistic method of controlling the correlated phases and studying the phase transitions between them in materials such as graphene, bilayer graphene, and topological insulators.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures; supersedes earlier version
title: Role of pre- and postcontrast double inversion recovery (DIR) in the evaluation of cortical brain metastases: a retrospective study in fourty-two patients
Creators: name: Vergara, Doriana
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: MR
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Metastases

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of double inversion recovery (DIR) in the detection of cortical cerebral metastases in comparison with fluid-attenuated inversion recovery...
Cluster and group synchronization in delay-coupled networks
Creators: name: Dahms, Thomas
name: Lehnert, Judith
name: Schöll, Eckehard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the stability of synchronized states in delay-coupled networks where synchronization takes place in groups of different local dynamics or in cluster states in networks with identical local dynamics. Using a master stability approach, we find that the master stability function shows a discrete rotational symmetry depending on the number of groups. The coupling matrices that permit solutions on group or cluster synchronization manifolds show a very similar symmetry in their eigenvalue spectrum, which helps to simplify the evaluation of the master stability function. Our theory allows for the characterization of stability of different patterns of synchronized dynamics in networks with multiple delay times, multiple coupling functions, but also with multiple kinds of local dynamics in the networks' nodes. We illustrate our results by calculating stability in the example of delay-coupled semiconductor lasers and in a model for neuronal spiking dynamics.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
title: Mobile Money treibt finanzielle Entwicklung Afrikas voran
Creators: name: Lehmann-Uschner, Katharina
name: Menkhoff, Lukas
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: G21 Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
subject: O16 Economic Development: Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment; Corporate Finance and Governance
subject: mobile money
subject: financial development
subject: financial inclusion
subject: consumer protection

description: Mit Hilfe von Mobile Money können Finanztransaktionen über ein Handy getätigt werden. Auch in armen Gegenden Afrikas besitzt fast jeder ein Mobiltelefon. Mobile Money könnte dafür sorgen, dass niemand mehr von Finanzdienstleistungen ausgeschlossen bleibt, und so zum wirtschaftlichen Wachs-tum des Kontinents beitragen. Tatsächlich zeigen vom DIW Berlin erhobene Daten aus Afrika, dass Mobile Money weniger genutzt wird, als es die Zahl der Konten vermuten lässt. Seit seiner Einführung wurde jedoch bei der Nachfrage nach Finanzdienstleistungen ein Plus von 20 Prozentpunkten verbucht. Dennoch bleibt ein Viertel der Bevölkerung, gerade die Ärmsten, außen vor. Dies liegt neben hohen Preisen vor allem an immer noch unzureichender Verfügbarkeit von Mobile Money im ländlichen Raum sowie an mangelnder finanzieller Bildung. Folglich können eine geeignete Wettbewerbspolitik, Vorgaben zur räumlichen Abdeckung sowie zielgerichtete finanzielle Bildung die Nutzung von Mobile Money steigern und damit die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung Afrikas fördern.
description: DIW Wochenbericht, 87 (2020), 22, S. 375-381
Ostrowski type Inequalities via h-convex Functions with Applications for Special Means
Creators: name: Tunc, Mevlut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 26D10, 26A15, 26A16, 26A51

description: In this paper, we establish some new Ostrowski type inequalities for the class of h-convex functions which are super-multiplicative or super-additive and nonnegative. Some applications for special means and PDF's are given.
description: Journal of Inequalities and Applications 2013, 2013:326
The chemistry of branched condensed phosphates
Creators: name: Dürr-Mayer, Tobias
name: Qiu, Danye
name: Eisenbeis, Verena B.
name: Steck, Nicole
name: Häner, Markus
name: Hofer, Alexandre
name: Mayer, Andreas
name: Siegel, Jay S.
name: Baldridge, Kim K.
name: Jessen, Henning J.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Article
/639/638/904
/639/638/263/49
/639/638/403/933
/119/118
/140/131
/140/58
/145
article

description: Abstract: Condensed phosphates may exist as linear, cyclic or branched structures. Due to their important role in nature, linear polyphosphates have been well studied. In contrast, branched phosphates (ultraphosphates) remain largely uncharacterised, because they were already described in 1950 as exceedingly unstable in the presence of water, epitomized in the antibranching-rule. This rule lacks experimental backup, since, to the best of our knowledge, no rational synthesis of defined ultraphosphates is known. Consequently, detailed studies of their chemical properties, reactivity and potential biological relevance remain elusive. Here, we introduce a general synthesis of monodisperse ultraphosphates. Hydrolysis half-lives up to days call the antibranching-rule into question. We provide evidence for the interaction of an enzyme with ultraphosphates and discover a rearrangement linearizing the branched structure. Moreover, ultraphosphate can phosphorylate nucleophiles such as amino acids and nucleosides with implications for prebiotic chemistry. Our results provide an entry point into the uncharted territory of branched condensed phosphates.
title: Imaging findings of rare benign breast lesions: a pictorial review.
Creators: name: Wegner, Urszula
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Pathology
subject: Neoplasia
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Biopsy
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Mammography
subject: Breast

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: 1. This collection of cases from a wide variety of international sources will familiarize dedicated breast imagers with a number of uncommon benign entities that are challenging to diagnose. 2. The aim is to review the imaging spectrum and highlight...
title: Vocational Education and CTE in American High Schools
Creators: name: Kreisman, Daniel
name: Stange, Kevin
Publisher: name: Georgia Policy Labs
Year: 2017

description: Early exposure to vocational curriculum may facilitate better college enrollment decisions, an important policy priority. Wage gains from upper level vocational courses are unaffected by controlling for college enrollment and completion, suggesting that these courses do in fact have value in the labor market. In addition, gains accrue to those students who select into vocational coursework. Those induced into additional courses due to graduation requirements see no benefit. These last two points speak directly to criticisms that vocational education is “preparing students for jobs that don’t exist,” or that it is a “dumping ground” for low ability students. The results we uncover do not support either of these conclusions.

How schools should prepare students for post-graduation – college, the workforce, citizenry – remains a timely policy question. This is nowhere more evident than in the recent shift from “college for all” to “college and career,” and in the simultaneous drive toward increased academic standards through the Common Core, and an increasing drive toward workforce preparedness in career-tech pathways. Our research makes a strong case for keeping vocational education an accessible part of the high school curriculum and that students and policy makers should focus on the value of depth over breadth.
A kinase-independent function of PAK is crucial for pathogen-mediated actin remodelling
Creators: name: Davidson, Anthony
name: Tyler, Joe
name: Hume, Peter
name: Singh, Vikash
name: Koronakis, Vassilis
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Research Article
Medicine and health sciences
Biology and life sciences
Research and analysis methods

description: Funder: Isaac Newton Trust; funder-id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004815
description: The p21-activated kinase (PAK) family regulate a multitude of cellular processes, including actin cytoskeleton remodelling. Numerous bacterial pathogens usurp host signalling pathways that regulate actin reorganisation in order to promote Infection. Salmonella and pathogenic Escherichia coli drive actin-dependent forced uptake and intimate attachment respectively. We demonstrate that the pathogen-driven generation of both these distinct actin structures relies on the recruitment and activation of PAK. We show that the PAK kinase domain is dispensable for this actin remodelling, which instead requires the GTPase-binding CRIB and the central poly-proline rich region. PAK interacts with and inhibits the guanine nucleotide exchange factor β-PIX, preventing it from exerting a negative effect on cytoskeleton reorganisation. This kinase-independent function of PAK may be usurped by other pathogens that modify host cytoskeleton signalling and helps us better understand how PAK functions in normal and diseased eukaryotic cells.
title: Auditing the integrity of CT-KUB requests: can we eliminate waste?
Creators: name: de Souza, Peter
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Urinary Tract / Bladder
subject: Kidney
subject: Radioprotection / Radiation dose
subject: CT
subject: Cost-effectiveness
subject: Calcifications / Calculi

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Successful pathways for imaging patients with suspected renal colic include clinical criteria. Although the clinical history is important, high value is placed on the urinalysis in the justification of low-dose unenhanced CT of the urinary tract...
title: Studie unterstreicht, wie wichtig relevante Informationen für Bildungsentscheidungen sind: Interview
Creators: name: Berkes, Jan
name: Wittenberg, Erich
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2020

description: DIW Wochenbericht, 87 (2020), 21, S. 368
title: Masterstudium ja oder nein? Gezielte Online-Informationen beeinflussen weitere Studienpläne
Creators: name: Berkes, Jan
name: Peter, Frauke H.
name: Spieß, C. Katharina
name: Weinhardt, Felix
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: I21 Analysis of Education
subject: I24 Education and Inequality
subject: J24 Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
subject: postgraduate education
subject: information
subject: RCT
subject: expectations

description: Nach wie vor entscheidet sich die Mehrheit der BachelorabsolventInnen für ein Masterstudium, auch wenn die Anteile zurückgehen. Wenig ist jedoch darüber bekannt, was diese Entscheidung beeinflusst und inwiefern dabei Informationen über zusätzliche Erträge eines Masterstudiums und dessen Finanzierung im Vergleich zu einem Bachelorstudium relevant sind. Die vorliegende Analyse auf Basis des Berliner-Studienberechtigten-Panels (Best Up) zeigt, dass männliche Studierende infolge gezielt bereitgestellter Online-Informationen die Perspektiven ohne Masterstudium besser einschätzen als zuvor. Dadurch verliert ein Masterstudium für sie an Attraktivität. Tatsächlich beabsichtigen sie – wie weitere Befragungen bis zu einem Jahr nach der Online-Informationsbereitstellung zeigen – seltener, einen Master zu machen, und nehmen auch etwas weniger oft ein Masterstudium auf. Dabei sind sowohl Informationen über das Einkommen als auch über nichtmonetäre Aspekte wie das Anforderungsniveau von beruflichen Tätigkeiten relevant. Auch wenn sich diese Effekte für Frauen nicht zeigen, wird klar: Gezielt bereitgestellte Online-Informationen können ein sehr effektives und kostengünstiges Instrument sein, um Menschen besser informierte und alternative Bildungsentscheidungen zu ermöglichen.
description: DIW Wochenbericht, 87 (2020), 21, S. 359-367
Poincaré gauge symmetries, hamiltonian symmetries and trivial gauge transformations
Creators: name: Banerjee, Rabin
name: Roy, Debraj
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We resolve a problem of finding the Poincare symmetries from hamiltonian gauge symmetries constructed through a canonical procedure of handling constrained systems. Through the use of Noether identities corresponding to the symmetries, we motivate a procedure of finding the map between the hamiltonian and Poincare gauge parameters. Using this map, we show that the Poincare and hamiltonian gauge symmetries are equivalent, modulo trivial gauge transformations.
description: 13 pages, LaTeX2e, no figures; (v2) 14 pages, LaTeX2e, no figures, some comments added, journal version
title: Orbital colour Doppler ultrasound as non-invasive technique in the diagnosis of anterior‑draining carotid‑cavernous fistula using angiography as gold standard
Creators: name: Colarieti, Anna
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Eyes
subject: Ultrasound physics
subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: Ultrasound-Colour Doppler
subject: Instrumentation

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Carotid-cavernous fistulas (CCFs) represent a relatively rare, abnormal communication between the carotid arterial system and the surrounding cavernous sinus. The aim of the study was to investigate the role of orbital color Doppler ultrasound...
title: Imaging of orbital tuberculosis
Creators: name: Abubacker Sulaiman, Farook
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Infection
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Ultrasound
subject: CT
subject: Eyes

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To know thespread ofdiseaseinto the orbit. To study the imaging findings of the orbit infected by...
title: Social capital’s imagined benefits in Ardoyne electoral ward
Creators: name: Liggett, M
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2017

description: This study examines how access to social capital impacts on the daily lives of residents in an area of Northern Ireland ranked as one of the most deprived areas in the UK but equally, one that is rich in social networks. The thesis challenges social capital paradigms that promote social dividends by highlighting the role of power brokers in locally based social networks. The research uses grounded theory to deconstruct the social capital paradigm to show its negative and positive attributes. Survey and interview data is used to show how social capital contributes to social exclusion because social capital depends on inequitable distribution to give it value and that distribution is related to inequitable forms of social hierarchy access that are influenced by one’s sense of identity. This thesis challenges normative assertions that civil society organisations build trust and community cohesion. The research is unique in that it is focused on a religiously segregated area transitioning from conflict and realising the impact of post industrialisation. The research is important because it provides ethnographic evidence to explain how social capital functions in practice by not only those with extensive participatory experience but also with those excluded from social networks.
On the Stress-Energy Tensor of Quantum Fields in Curved Spacetimes - Comparison of Different Regularization Schemes and Symmetry of the Hadamard/Seeley-DeWitt Coefficients
Creators: name: Hack, Thomas-Paul
name: Moretti, Valter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81T20

description: We review a few rigorous and partly unpublished results on the regularisation of the stress-energy in quantum field theory on curved spacetimes: 1) the symmetry of the Hadamard/Seeley-DeWitt coefficients in smooth Riemannian and Lorentzian spacetimes 2) the equivalence of the local $ζ$-function and the Hadamard-point-splitting procedure in smooth static spacetimes 3) the equivalence of the DeWitt-Schwinger- and the Hadamard-point-splitting procedure in smooth Riemannian and Lorentzian spacetimes.
description: 24 pages, accepted for publication in Journal of Physics A, special issue devoted to S. Dowker's 75th birthday
title: The Banshee's Kiss: Conciliation, Class and Conflict and the All for Ireland League
Creators: name: Murphy, PJ
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2020

description: Historians have frequently portrayed constitutional nationalism as being homogeneous - ‘the Home Rule movement’- after the reunification of the Irish parliamentary party in 1900. Yet there were elements of nationalist heterodoxy all over the country, but it was only in Cork where dissent took an organised form in the only formal breakaway from the Irish party when the All for Ireland League (A.F.I.L.) was launched in 1910. The AFIL took eight of the nine parliamentary seats in Cork and gained control of local government in the city and county the following year. Existing historical accounts do not adequately explain why support for the Home Rule movement collapsed in Cork, but also why the AFIL flourished there but failed, despite the aspiration of its name, to expand beyond its regional base. The AFIL is chiefly remembered for its visionary policy of conciliation with unionists following the Damascene conversion of its leader William O’Brien, transformed from the enemy of the landed classes to an apostle of a new kind of bi-confessional politics. This would, he claimed, end the ‘Banshee’s Kiss’, a cycle of conflict in which each new generation attempts to achieve Irish freedom. However, conciliation was a policy which was unpopular with both nationalists and unionists and O’Brien therefore needed to develop an electoral base by other means with more popular policies. He did this primarily by co-opting labour dissent: firstly, in Cork city because of divisions between skilled and unskilled workers; and secondly, harnessing discontent amongst elements of the rural working class which arose following the Wyndham land act of 1903, which excluded small farmers, evicted tenants and farm labourers from the new dispensation. The AFIL ran populist campaigns in which it presented itself as an alternative to the hegemonic grip of the Home Rule movement. However, as this study will demonstrate, there was little to choose on social and economic issues between the O’Brienites and the Home Rule movement and the only policy which fundamentally divided the two parties was conciliation. Disaffection in elements of the working class in Cork, which precipitated the rise of the AFIL, both pre-dated and outlasted its existence. This thesis will, therefore, explore these fault lines over a more extended period from the Parnell split in 1890-1891 to the party’s launch in 1910 and beyond its demise in 1918 to the revolutionary years when the underlying issue of working class dissent, which the AFIL had co-opted and obfuscated, manifested itself again. The AFIL’s record in both parliamentary and local government is considered during its most active period from 1910 to 1914, through the successive crises of the Parliament act, the Home Rule bill and the outbreak of war. The Easter Rising and the rise of Sinn Féin administered the coup de grâce to the AFIL (as it did to the Home Rule movement), and the narrow ground of compromise and conciliation was lost.
Learning Loosely Connected Markov Random Fields
Creators: name: Wu, Rui
name: Srikant, R.
name: Ni, Jian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider the structure learning problem for graphical models that we call loosely connected Markov random fields, in which the number of short paths between any pair of nodes is small, and present a new conditional independence test based algorithm for learning the underlying graph structure. The novel maximization step in our algorithm ensures that the true edges are detected correctly even when there are short cycles in the graph. The number of samples required by our algorithm is C*log p, where p is the size of the graph and the constant C depends on the parameters of the model. We show that several previously studied models are examples of loosely connected Markov random fields, and our algorithm achieves the same or lower computational complexity than the previously designed algorithms for individual cases. We also get new results for more general graphical models, in particular, our algorithm learns general Ising models on the Erdos-Renyi random graph G(p, c/p) correctly with running time O(np^5).
description: 45 pages, minor revision
title: Bank Ratings, Comment Letter to the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Creators: name: Cahan, Bruce
Publisher: name: Corporations and Society Initiative
Year: 2020

description: The bank regulator Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation sought public comment on updates and reforms to its CAMELS bank rating system. CASI faculty affiliates submitted a comment letter urging the FDIC to update its rating methodology and provide greater transparency of bank ratings to customers and market participants.
Public attitudes towards housing systems for pregnant pigs
Creators: name: Ryan, Erin
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2013

description: Public concern for the welfare of farm animals is increasing. Formal methods of gathering public attitudes are important for the development of socially sustainable animal production practices. This study used an online survey to gather public attitudes towards the issue of housing pregnant sows in intensive systems (group housing versus gestation stall housing). Additionally, this research aimed to understand how participant’s stance changed when they were provided additional information on the issue, including two scientific papers, YouTube videos, Google images, and a frequently asked questions page. Initial attitudes (from responses to the first question) and changes in responses before and after accessing additional information were quantitatively analyzed from Likert-scale responses made by 268 participants. One-hundred-and-thirteen comments, written before accessing additional sources of information, were qualitatively analyzed to identify themes and understand reasons behind decisions. Forty-one pairs of comments were analyzed to understand the effect of information on attitudes. Quantitative results reveal that the majority of participants strongly supported group housing before the provision of additional information. Most participants maintained their stance even after accessing additional information; however, an effect of information was found, such that more people strongly supported stalls after the provision of additional information. Regardless of whether participants moderately supported groups or gestation stalls before the provision of additional information, almost half of the people in each of these groups abandoned their position after accessing additional information and shifted to strongly support group housing. Qualitative analysis showed that supporters of gestation stalls tended to focus on physical health, predominantly focusing on spread of disease and the elimination of aggression between animals. Supporters of group housing sows, tended to factor in other requirements for sow welfare, including the importance of social interaction and the ability to perform natural behaviours. With the exception of participants that strongly supported gestation stalls, numerous participants commented on the complexity of choosing one system over the other and described the effect that images had on attitudes. These results point to the importance of providing detailed descriptions, including imagery to the public in efforts aimed at gathering feedback for the development of socially sustainable practices.
title: Imaging of Urachal remnant diseases
Creators: name: Zafar, Sara
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Neoplasia
subject: Congenital
subject: Education
subject: Ultrasound
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Urinary Tract / Bladder
subject: Diverticula

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To describe the embryology and anatomy of the normal urachus. To describe the spectrum of radiological findings for each different type of urachal anomaly. Discuss the management and potential complications of these...
title: Im Laufe der Corona-Pandemie sind die Zinsstrukturkurven aller Länder und Sektoren drastisch gestiegen: Interview
Creators: name: Kim, Chi Hyun
name: Wittenberg, Erich
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2020

description: DIW Wochenbericht, 87 (2020), 20, S. 355
title: Rhinocerebral mucormycosis and beyond: what not to be missed!
Creators: name: EL AOUD, IMEN
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Infection
subject: Localisation
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Respiratory system
subject: Lung
subject: Head and neck

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: -Delineate the role of imaging based on CT and MRI in the diagnosis of mucormycosis and their findings. -Illustrate some of the uncommon features of mucormycosis according to its...
title: Finanzmärkte erwarten langanhaltende wirtschaftliche Auswirkungen der Corona-Pandemie in Europa
Creators: name: Ettmeier, Stephanie
name: Kim, Chi Hyun
name: Kriwoluzky, Alexander
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: E44 Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
subject: G12 Asset Pricing; Trading volume; Bond Interest Rates
subject: G14 Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies
subject: Covid-19
subject: Financial Market Expectations
subject: Monetary and Fiscal Policy Interventions

description: Dass die Corona-Pandemie schwerwiegende Folgen für die europäische Wirtschaft haben wird, darüber sind sich Marktteilnehmer weitgehend einig. Schwierig ist jedoch vorherzusagen, wie lange diese Auswirkungen wirtschaftlich zu spüren sein werden. Die Erwartungen der Finanzmarktteilnehmer lassen sich an den Zinsstrukturkurven für Unternehmensanleihen ablesen, da sich in den Renditen die Risikoerwartungen über verschiedene Laufzeiten niederschlagen. Dazu werden zunächst die Zinsstrukturkurven von Unternehmensanleihen aus Deutschland, Frankreich, Italien und Spanien geschätzt und mit dem Verlauf der Pandemie in Verbindung gebracht. Hier zeigt sich, dass auch die Renditen von Anleihen mit langen Restlaufzeiten steigen. Die Finanzmärkte erwarten also offensichtlich negative Auswirkungen von mindestens fünf Jahren. Mithilfe einer Ereignisstudie wird schließlich untersucht, wie sich die europäischen fiskal- und geldpolitischen Maßnahmen ausgewirkt haben. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass die Maßnahmen dann erfolgreich sind, wenn sie umfangreich und auf europäischer Ebene koordiniert sind. Zudem zeigt sich, dass Finanz- und Geldpolitik gemeinsam agieren müssen, um die wirtschaftlichen Folgen der Pandemie wirkungsvoll zu bekämpfen.
description: DIW Wochenbericht, 87 (2020), 20, S. 347-354
A Complete Characterization of the Gap between Convexity and SOS-Convexity
Creators: name: Ahmadi, Amir Ali
name: Parrilo, Pablo A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Our first contribution in this paper is to prove that three natural sum of squares (sos) based sufficient conditions for convexity of polynomials, via the definition of convexity, its first order characterization, and its second order characterization, are equivalent. These three equivalent algebraic conditions, henceforth referred to as sos-convexity, can be checked by semidefinite programming whereas deciding convexity is NP-hard. If we denote the set of convex and sos-convex polynomials in $n$ variables of degree $d$ with $\tilde{C}_{n,d}$ and $\tilde{ΣC}_{n,d}$ respectively, then our main contribution is to prove that $\tilde{C}_{n,d}=\tilde{ΣC}_{n,d}$ if and only if $n=1$ or $d=2$ or $(n,d)=(2,4)$. We also present a complete characterization for forms (homogeneous polynomials) except for the case $(n,d)=(3,4)$ which is joint work with G. Blekherman and is to be published elsewhere. Our result states that the set $C_{n,d}$ of convex forms in $n$ variables of degree $d$ equals the set $ΣC_{n,d}$ of sos-convex forms if and only if $n=2$ or $d=2$ or $(n,d)=(3,4)$. To prove these results, we present in particular explicit examples of polynomials in $\tilde{C}_{2,6}\setminus\tilde{ΣC}_{2,6}$ and $\tilde{C}_{3,4}\setminus\tilde{ΣC}_{3,4}$ and forms in $C_{3,6}\setminusΣC_{3,6}$ and $C_{4,4}\setminusΣC_{4,4}$, and a general procedure for constructing forms in $C_{n,d+2}\setminusΣC_{n,d+2}$ from nonnegative but not sos forms in $n$ variables and degree $d$. Although for disparate reasons, the remarkable outcome is that convex polynomials (resp. forms) are sos-convex exactly in cases where nonnegative polynomials (resp. forms) are sums of squares, as characterized by Hilbert.
description: 25 pages; minor editorial revisions made; formal certificates for computer assisted proofs of the paper added to arXiv
title: Kitas in Corona-Zeiten: Sieben Punkte für Entlastung der Eltern und Bildung der Kinder: Kommentar
Creators: name: Spieß, C. Katharina
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2020

description: DIW Wochenbericht, 87 (2020), 19, S. 344
Roy-Steiner equations for pion-nucleon scattering
Creators: name: Ditsche, C.
name: Hoferichter, M.
name: Kubis, B.
name: Meißner, U. -G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Starting from hyperbolic dispersion relations, we derive a closed system of Roy-Steiner equations for pion-nucleon scattering that respects analyticity, unitarity, and crossing symmetry. We work out analytically all kernel functions and unitarity relations required for the lowest partial waves. In order to suppress the dependence on the high-energy regime we also consider once- and twice-subtracted versions of the equations, where we identify the subtraction constants with subthreshold parameters. Assuming Mandelstam analyticity we determine the maximal range of validity of these equations. As a first step towards the solution of the full system we cast the equations for the $ππ\to\bar NN$ partial waves into the form of a Muskhelishvili-Omnès problem with finite matching point, which we solve numerically in the single-channel approximation. We investigate in detail the role of individual contributions to our solutions and discuss some consequences for the spectral functions of the nucleon electromagnetic form factors.
description: 106 pages, 18 figures; version published in JHEP
title: Coronabedingte Belastungen für Familien dürften vor allem die Mütter betreffen: Interview
Creators: name: Schmieder, Julia
name: Wittenberg, Erich
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2020

description: DIW Wochenbericht, 87 (2020), 19, S. 341