cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Effect of Blue Light and Temperature on Leaf Expansion, Stem Elongation, and Growth
Creators: name: Dougher, Tracy A. O.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1999

description: Short height and high yield per unit energy in controlled environments are essential to the success of a food production system for spaceflight. Temperature and light quality can be manipulated in controlled environments to reduce plant height and increase yield. Although the effects of temperature on height and yield are well studied at ambient CO2, temperature effects at elevated CO2 with a hydroponic root zone are not well characterized. We studied soybean yield and height under two lamp types over a broad range of temperatures. Temperature had little effect on yield or height, but lamp type had a significant effect on canopy height. This first study highlighted the importance of understanding spectral quality in controlling plant growth, especially canopy height.
Numerous studies have compared lamp types and suggested that profound differences in leaf area, canopy height, yield, and total dry mass responses were due to blue light differences. Unfortunately, the most energy-efficient light sources have the least blue light. We have a poor understanding of the specific morphological and histological effects of blue light on leaves and stems. Three species, soybeans, wheat, and lettuce, were grown at five blue light fractions (0, 2, 6, 12, and 26%) and two light levels (200 and 500 μmol m-2 s-1). Phytochrome photoequilibria were constant among treatments. Blue light responses were species dependent. Wheat leaf area, dry mass, and stem length were insensitive to blue light fraction. Increasing blue light to 26% decreased soybean stem length, but leaf area was greatest at 6% blue. Lettuce leaf area, stem length, and dry mass were highly sensitive to blue light fraction between 0% and 6% under high pressure sodium lamps, but were insensitive between 6% and 26% under metal halide lamps. These results may be complicated by sensitivity to other wavelengths . The decrease in soybean stem length with increasing blue light was caused by an inhibition of cell division, while the decrease in leaf area was caused primarily by a decrease in cell expansion. Increased lettuce leaf area with increasing blue light fraction was caused by both cell division and expansion. This research indicates that lamps high in blue photons are not only energetically wasteful, but do not benefit, and in some cases reduce, plant growth. However, some blue light is necessary for controlling plant height in soybean and even required for proper growth and development in lettuce.
Complete classification of second-order symmetric spacetimes
Creators: name: Blanco, O F
name: Sánchez, M
name: Senovilla, J M M
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: As a difference with the positive-definite Riemannian case, in the Lorentzian case there exists proper second-order symmetric spacetimes, i.e., those with vanishing second covariant derivative of the Riemannian tensor ($R_{λμνρ;α;β}=0$) which are not locally symmetric ($R_{λμνρ;α}\neq 0$). In fact, they lie in the class of Brinkmann metrics, and include some known plane waves. Our purpose is to classify these spacetimes in the 4 dimensional case.
description: 4 pages, jpconf.cls, to appear in Proceedings of Spanish Relativity Meeting 2009 (ERE 09), Bilbao
Instability of vectorized stars
Creators: name: Demirboğa, Ekrem S.
name: Coates, Andrew
name: Ramazanoğlu, Fethi M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent papers it has been shown that a large class of vectorization mechanisms in gravity, which involve the vector fields becoming apparently tachyonic in some regime, are actually dominated by ghosts and non-perturbative behavior. Despite this, vectorized compact object solutions have previously been found, which raises the question of how, and if, the newly discovered ghosts are quenched in these cases. Here we develop the tools to study the perturbations of vectorized compact objects, and demonstrate that they suffer from ghosts and gradient instabilities as well. Thus, these vectorized objects do not represent the stable end point of a quenched instability unlike their scalarized counterparts in the spontaneous scalarization literature.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures. Minor typos are corrected in this version
title: The “Mississippi of the West”: Religion, Conservatism, and Racial Politics in Utah, 1960–1978
Creators: name: Nelson, Jessica
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: Historians and Mormon scholars have largely ignored the African American experience in Utah during the latter half of the twentieth century. A close examination of Utah politics during the years 1960 to 1978 shows the profound influence of Mormonism and Latter-day Saint institutions in seemingly secular spaces, such as college campuses and state government. This work demonstrates how LDS theology and culture informed the sociopolitical landscape and contributed to white conservative resistance to racial equality readily found in Utah. Racial discrimination was not unique to Utah, but it did have its own particular flavor because of the predominance of Latter-day Saints in the state. This thesis explores the scholarship written about African Americans in Utah and elucidates the ways in which LDS theology and Church leadership extensively affected African American life in the Beehive State.
An Introduction to the Quantum Theory of Nonlinear Optics
Creators: name: Hillery, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article is provides an introduction to the quantum theory of optics in nonlinear dielectric media. We begin with a short summary of the classical theory of nonlinear optics, that is nonlinear optics done with classical fields. We then discuss the canonical formalism for fields and its quantization. This is applied to quantizing the electromagnetic field in free space. The definition of a nonclassical state of the electromagnetic field is presented, and several examples are examined. This is followed by a brief introduction to entanglement in the context of field modes. The next task is the quantization of the electromagnetic field in an inhomogeneous, linear dielectric medium. Before going on to field quantization in nonlinear media, we discuss a number of commonly employed phenomenological models for quantum nonlinear optical processes. We then quantize the field in both nondispersive and dispersive nonlinear media. Flaws in the most commonly used methods of accomplishing this task are pointed out and discussed. Once the quantization has been completed, it is used to study a multimode theory of parametric down conversion and the propagation of quantum solitons.
description: 80 pages,
title: Effects of Intentional Electromagnetic Interference on Analog to Digital Converter Measurements of Sensor Outputs and General Purpose Input Output Pins
Creators: name: Ware, David A.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: As technology becomes more prevalent, its application to safety and security in critical systems continues to increase. This leads to an increased dependence on sensors to provide an accurate view of the environment surrounding an application. These sensors can also be exploited by a malicious individual to attack a system and compromise its safety or security. These attacks change the reported value of a sensor so that it doesn't reflect the real situation. The systems in a car can be used as an example of this. Cars can have numerous sensors that measure a variety of things, including the car's distance from an object, if the tires are locking up, or if the gas is low. The use of these sensors makes cars safer and more convenient to use. Using IEMI, an attacker could compromise some of these systems by changing the reported value so that an object appears further away than it actually is or that the tires aren't locking up when they are, possibly causing the car to crash. By doing this, a malicious individual could compromise the safety or security of a car.
This work attempts to understand what would be required for a malicious individual to conduct such an attack, thereby allowing for the identification of systems that are vulnerable to such attacks. This understanding would also provide the basis for designing defenses against these attacks, thereby increasing the safety of society at large.
title: Fundamental Features of Fostering Teacher Collective Efficacy: Principals’ Attitudes, Behaviors, and Practices
Creators: name: Nordick, Shelley
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: The purpose of this study was to explore the attitudes, practices, and behaviors of principals who foster teacher collective efficacy. The research questions were developed based upon Bandura’s social cognitive theory to include (a) what are the attitudes held by principals that influence TCE; (b) what are the behaviors enacted by principals that influence TCE; (c) what are the practices employed by principals that influence TCE. The study utilized a qualitative approach with a multisite case study design. The Collective Teacher Efficacy Scale developed by Goddard et al. was used to measure TCE of participating schools. The survey results were analyzed to facilitate the selection of four cases. Data were gathered through semistructured interviews from the principal and three to five teachers at each school. The data from each interview were developed through content analysis and then examined in relation to all other interviews in a cross-case analysis.
The results presented fundamental attitudes, behaviors, and practices principals used in fostering collective efficacy. Principals held attitudes that student success was a top priority, as well as attitudes of responsibility, caring, shared purpose, confidence, and collaboration. Principal behaviors included supporting teachers, communicating, knowing teachers, and modeling desired behaviors. Principal practices included establishing an environment of openness and support, establishing shared expectations, facilitating teacher voice, providing opportunities to collaborate, and promoting continuous learning.
A Large Sample Study of Red Giants in the Globular Cluster Omega Centauri (NGC 5139)
Creators: name: Johnson, Christian I.
name: Pilachowski, Catherine A.
name: Rich, R. Michael
name: Fulbright, Jon P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present abundances of several light, alpha, Fe-peak, and neutron-capture elements for 66 red giant branch (RGB) stars in the Galactic globular cluster Omega Centauri. Our observations lie in the range 12.05 M_sun asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars. At [Fe/H]>-1.2, more than 75% of the stars are Na/Al enhanced and may have formed almost exclusively from AGB ejecta. Most of these stars are enhanced in Na by at least 0.2 dex for a given Al abundance than would be expected based on "normal" globular cluster values. All stars in our sample are alpha-rich and have solar-scaled Fe-peak abundances. Eu does not vary extensively as a function of metallicity; however, [La/Fe] varies from about -0.4 to +2 and stars with [Fe/H]>-1.5 have [La/Eu] values indicating domination by the s-process. A quarter of our sample have [La/Eu]>+1 and may be the result of mass transfer in a binary system.
description: ApJ Accepted; 90 pages, 16 Figures, 5 Tables
title: Does the Southern Farmington Canyon Complex Record a late Archean/Early Proterozoic Accretionary Complex?
Creators: name: Andreasen, Kyle C.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2007

description: The Farmington Canyon Complex, situated along the Wasatch front in northern Utah, has been the target for many studies. The FCC has been interpreted to be a passive margin sedimentary wedge. Previous studies have yielded isotopic ages that broadly support an Archean age of formation, and a prominent mid-proterozoic amphibolite grade metamorphic event. Based on this study, a new interpretation for the FCC is presented. Field relations and whole-rock geochemistry as well as recent advances in understanding Archean crustal processes have resulted in the FCC to be considered as an accretionary complex that formed along the SW margin of the Wyoming province in the early Archean. Rock assemblages such as mafic and ultramafic metavolcanics have chemistries that resemble oceanic crust and arc related volcanics. The extensive quartzo-felspathic gneiss and schist units have compositions that reflect greywacke, and are presented here as a melange matrix. The quartzites have chemistries, which may represent cherts or silicified microbial mats. The field relations and timing of these rocks indicate that the FCC may represent a continental arc synchronous with the closing of an ocean basin, forming an accretionary wedge. This culminated with the mid-proterozoic metamorphic event as this continental arc collided with the Santaquin arc, as well as the SW margin of Laurentia. This amphibolite grade metamorphic event has subsequently reset or overprinted isotopic evidence and obscured any textures that may have existed. Although much has yet to be learned about Archean processes, comparison to other recognized Archean accretionary complexes has yielded striking similarities, and it is presented here that the FCC represents an active margin, and is likely an accretionary melange.
Expansive Quantum Mechanical Exploration of Chemical Reaction Paths
Creators: name: Baiardi, Alberto
name: Grimmel, Stephanie A.
name: Steiner, Miguel
name: Türtscher, Paul L.
name: Unsleber, Jan P.
name: Weymuth, Thomas
name: Reiher, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum mechanical methods have been devised for the elucidation and clarification of reaction paths of chemical processes over decades. While they are typically deployed in routine calculations on systems for which some insights have already been gained, new algorithms and ever increasing computer hardware capabilities allow now for exploratory open-ended computational campaigns that bear the option for unexpected discoveries and the systematic approach toward uncharted territory of molecular transformations and dynamics. In this work, we discuss the current state of the art of such exploratory techniques.
description: 24 pages, 6 figures
title: Re-evaluation of the Jesse Ewing Canyon Formation : Implications for Neoproterozoic Paleogeography and Tectonic Setting of Northeastern Utah
Creators: name: Brehm, Andrew M.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2007

description: Detailed analysis of the basal unit of the Uinta Mountain Group, the Jesse Ewing Canyon Formation, of northeastern Utah and northwestern Colorado, expands on previous work by further documenting the character of the unit and proposing a revision of the description of the formation and interpretation. The Jesse Ewing Canyon Formation is -s1 ,000 meters thick as opposed to s225 meters thick, and the dominant lithology is not conglomerate, but rather finer-grained facies. The Jesse Ewing Canyon Formation reveals multiple alluvial fan point sources feeding a shallow body of water in an active rift basin at-781 Ma. Stratigraphic mapping, measured sections, and facies analysis of the Jesse Ewing Canyon Formation have allowed the designation of two members defined by changes in lithology. The coarse-grained Head of Cottonwood member (-0-200 meters thick) represents alluvial fan deposition along the basin bounding faults to the north. The fine-grained Willow Creek member (-150-1,000 meters thick) represents distal alluvial fan, braided stream, fan delta, and nearshore deposition and records the complex interaction of transverse and longitudinal alluvial systems with an intermittent shallow body of water. The stratigraphy and distribution of the two members of the Jesse Ewing Canyon Formation suggest sedimentation along the basin-bounding east-west trending fault system was dominated by alluvial fans that graded laterally into finer sediments basinward. Changes in thickness and (or) lithology across Laramide and younger structures are attributed to synextensional deposition. A crude, overall fining-upward trend within the Willow Creek member suggests alluvial fan retrogradation that was likely controlled by coincident northward transition in fault slip along related structures. Preliminary subdivisions were made within the overlying Uinta Mountain Group based on the presence of a middle shale and conglomeratic unit. The designation of the lower, middle, and upper Uinta Mountain Group establishes a stratigraphic framework for the correlation between the northern and southern margins of Browns Park, and ultimately the eastern and western domes of the Uinta Mountains. Repetition of the lithostratigraphic units in the overlying undifferentiated Uinta Mountain Group may be due to a blind thrust fault as opposed to deposition.
Vibrio vulnificus RtxA1 cytotoxin targets filamin A to regulate PAK1- and MAPK-dependent cytoskeleton reorganization and cell death
Creators: name: Guo, Rui Hong
name: Im, Young Jun
name: Shin, Soo Im
name: Jeong, Kwangjoon
name: Haeng Rhee, Joon
name: Ran Kim, Young
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Virology

description: Cytoskeletal rearrangement and acute cytotoxicity occur in Vibrio vulnificus-infected host cells. RtxA1 toxin, a multifunctional autoprocessing repeats-in-toxin (MARTX), is essential for the pathogenesis of V. vulnificus and the programmed necrotic cell death. In this study, HeLa cells expressing RtxA1 amino acids 1491–1971 fused to GFP were observed to be rounded. Through yeast two-hybrid screening and subsequent immunoprecipitation validation assays, we confirmed the specific binding of a RtxA11491–1971 fragment with host-cell filamin A, an actin cross-linking scaffold protein. Downregulation of filamin A expression decreased the cytotoxicity of RtxA1 toward host cells. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPKs was induced by the RtxA1-filamin A interaction during the toxin-mediated cell death. However, the phosphorylation of these MAPKs was not observed during the RtxA1 intoxication of filamin A-deficient M2 cells. In addition, the depletion of pak1, which appeared to be activated by the RtxA1-filamin A interaction, inhibited RtxA1-induced phosphorylation of JNK and p38, and the cells treated with a pak1 inhibitor exhibited decreased RtxA1-mediated cytoskeletal rearrangement and cytotoxicity. Thus, the binding of filamin A by the RtxA11491–1971 domain appears to be a requisite to pak1-mediated MAPK activation, which contributes to the cytoskeletal reorganization and host cell death.
Additional file 1 of Digital self-presentation and adolescent mental health: Cross-sectional and longitudinal insights from the “LifeOnSoMe”-study
Creators: name: Hjetland, Gunnhild Johnsen
name: Finserås, Turi Reiten
name: Sivertsen, Børge
name: Colman, Ian
name: Hella, Randi Træland
name: Andersen, Amanda Iselin Olesen
name: Skogen, Jens Christoffer
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Supplementary Material 1.
title: Effects of Quaternary Climate Change on Tributary Sedimentation and Geomorphology in Eastern Grand Canyon
Creators: name: DeJong, Benjamin D.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2007

description: Climate variability has had a dramatic impact on eastern Grand Canyon tributaries over the past -100 ky. This is readily observed in the Lava Chuar and Comanche catchments, which host well preserved colluvial remnants and river terraces that resulted from several climate-induced cycles of aggradation and incision. This study investigates these climate responses using surveying, sedimentology, and luminescence geochronology methods to investigate the mechanisms and timing of their deposition. The survey data demonstrate that the concavity of terrace treads is lower than modern drainages. The sedimentology suggests the prevalence of stream-flow reworking of debris flow deposits and portrays an expected down-stream fining of deposits. Results of geochronology indicate that Lava Chuar Creek aggraded from -100-90 ka (S4), 61-55 ka (S3o), 50-35 ka (S3y), and 14-7 ka (S2). Comanche Creek similarly aggraded twice during the time period from 77-35 ka (S3) and also from 26-22 ka (S2). The response of eastern Grand Canyon tributaries to glacial-interglacial climate cycling appears to be more complicated than formerly thought. Previous conceptual models assumed that stream aggradation in arid settings occurred as a response to one specific set of climatic and biologic conditions, but new field data and luminescence dates on terrace materials reveal that there are at least two sets of conditions that were conducive to aggradation along local streams. First, streams aggraded during cooler, wetter climates, which is inferred to be due to increased sediment supply (e.g. S4 and S3y in Lava Chuar). With the transition to warmer interglacial climates came higher intensity storms and decreased vegetation density in catchments, based on previous paleoclimate studies. These conditions caused remobilization and redeposition of older sediment and resulted in a second set of stream aggradation phases (e.g. S3o and S2 in Lava Chuar). Meanwhile, the Colorado River aggraded only once per climate cycle during glacial advances and subsequent climate transitions. Thus, tributaries have responded more frequently and more sensitively to changing local conditions compared to the relatively insensitive Colorado River. This is supported by tighter correlation of tributary records to trends in regional paleoclimate records than to global ice records.
The Hamiltonian Approach to Yang-Mills (2+1): An Update and Corrections to String Tension
Creators: name: Nair, V. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Yang-Mills theories in 2+1 (or 3) dimensions are interesting as nontrivial gauge theories in their own right and as effective theories of QCD at high temperatures. I shall review the basics of our Hamiltonian approach to this theory, emphasizing symmetries with a short update on its status. We will show that the calculation of the vacuum wave function for Yang-Mills theory in 2+1 dimensions is in the lowest order of a systematic expansion. Expectation values of observables can be calculated using an effective interacting chiral boson theory, which also leads to a natural expansion as a double series in the coupling constant (to be interpreted within a resummed perturbation series) and a particular kinematical factor. The calculation of the first set of corrections in this expansion shows that the string tension is modified by about -0.3% to -2.8% compared to the lowest order value. This is in good agreement with lattice estimates.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures, Talk at the International Workshop on QCD Green's Functions, Confinement, and Phenomenology - QCD-TNT09, September 07 - 11 2009, Trento, Italy
title: Discharge Monitoring, Chemical Characterization, and Source Identification of Springs Along the East Side of Southern Cache Valley, Utah
Creators: name: Olsen, Aric Alan
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2007

description: Discharge monitoring and water sampling of springs in the southeastern portion of Cache Valley, Utah was performed in order to determine recharge sources and the cause of decreasing flows for some springs. The discharges of 43 springs were measured monthly from May or June of 2005 through March of 2006. Water samples from 36 of these springs plus an additional 10 were analyzed for major ions and trace metals. Twenty-one of the springs were analyzed for deuterium and oxygen-18 and 10 of these were analyzed for tritium. The springs were divided into groups based on when they had their peak discharge. Peak discharges in the summer months suggest recharge from excess irrigation water and/or canal water, whereas peak discharges in winter months suggest recharge from rivers, and peak discharges in spring months suggest recharge by precipitation and/or river water recharge. Multiple discharge peaks suggest multiple recharge sources. The chemical data collected in the study were compared with data from previous investigations to determine potential spring sources, including: shallow ground water, deep ground water, irrigation (river/canal) water, and precipitation. Spring water is characterized by calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate, similar to deep ground water and river water. However, most of the 21 springs analyzed for deuterium and oxygen-18 displayed an evaporative signature; thus, chemically, the shallow, unconfined aquifer that recharges these springs appears to be recharged in part by excess irrigation water and/or canal water. Several of the springs have high chloride levels indicating the shallow, unconfined aquifer recharging those springs has surface runoff infiltrating into it. Because of the evaporative signature in the stable isotopes, the similarity of major ion and trace metal values, and the discharge trends observed throughout the year, it seems unlikely that the springs are directly connected hydraulically with the deep, confined aquifer, from which most of the wells in the valley withdraw their water. Thus, the recent drought, rather than increased pumping, probably has been responsible for decreases in spring discharges.
Endogenous non-retroviral elements in genomes of Aedes mosquitoes and vector competence
Creators: name: Houé, Vincent
name: Bonizzoni, Mariangela
name: Failloux, Anna-Bella
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Recent extensive (re)emergences of arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) such as chikungunya (CHIKV), zika (ZIKV) and dengue (DENV) viruses highlight the role of the epidemic vectors, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, in their spreading. Differences of vector competence to arboviruses highlight different virus/vector interactions. While both are highly competent to transmit CHIKV (Alphavirus,Togaviridae), only Ae. albopictus is considered as a secondary vector for DENV (Flavivirus, Flaviviridae). Among other factors such as environmental temperature, mosquito antiviral immunity and microbiota, the presence of non-retroviral integrated RNA virus sequences (NIRVS) in both mosquito genomes may modulate the vector competence. Here we review the current knowledge on these elements, highlighting the mechanisms by which they are produced and endogenized into Aedes genomes. Additionally, we describe their involvement in antiviral immunity as a stimulator of the RNA interference pathways and in some rare cases, as producer of viral-interfering proteins. Finally, we mention NIRVS as a tool for understanding virus/vector co-evolution. The recent discovery of endogenized elements shows that virus/vector interactions are more dynamic than previously thought, and genetic markers such as NIRVS could be one of the potential targets to reduce arbovirus transmission.
title: Facilitation of Nanoscale Thermal Transport by Hydrogen Bonds
Creators: name: Zhang, Lin
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: Thermal transport performance at the nanoscale and/or of biomaterials is essential to the success of many new technologies including nanoelectronics, biomedical devices, and various nanocomposites. Due to complicated microstructures and chemical bonding, thermal transport process in these materials has not been well understood yet. In terms of chemical bonding, it is well known that the strength of atomic bonding can significantly affect thermal transport across materials or across interfaces between materials. Given the intrinsic high strength of hydrogen bonds, this dissertation explores the role of hydrogen bonds in nanoscale thermal transport in various materials, and investigates novel material designs incorporating hydrogen bonds for drastically enhanced thermal conduction.
Molecular dynamics simulation is employed to study thermal transport processes in three representative hydrogen-bonded materials: (1) crystalline motifs of the spider silk, silkworm silk and synthetic silk, (2) crystalline polymer nanofibers, and (3) polymer nanocomposites incorporating graphene or functionalized graphene. Computational and theoretical investigations demonstrate that hydrogen bonds significantly facilitate thermal transport in all three material systems. The underlying molecular mechanisms are systematically investigated. The results will not only contribute new physical insights, but also provide novel concepts of materials design to improve thermal properties towards a wide range of applications.
Witten volume formulas for semi-simple Lie algebras
Creators: name: Zhao, Jianqiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11R42, 11F22

description: In this paper we provide an algebraic derivation of the explicit Witten volume formulas for a few semi-simple Lie algebras by combining a combinatorial method with the ideas used by Gunnells and Sczech in computation of higher-dimensional Dedekind sums.
description: 15 pages, presented at the 2009 Western Coast Number Theory Conference
title: Siblings of Adults with Intellectual Disabilities: Their Perspectives On Guardianship and Its Alternatives
Creators: name: Brady, Anna M.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: Adult siblings of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are often on the front lines of supporting their brothers and sisters with IDD through caregiving and guardianship roles after their parents pass away. However, these siblings are often uninformed or under informed about ways that they can support their brothers and sisters. This study had the following three purposes: to determine what adult siblings of adults with IDD know about guardianship and its alternatives; to explore how adult siblings view guardianship and its alternatives; and to explore what adult siblings think about their role of being a guardian or supported decision maker for their brother/sister with IDD. Ten adult siblings who had brothers and sisters with IDD were interviewed; their interviews were analyzed using a combination of grounded theory and directed analysis. This study found that siblings had a limited knowledge of guardianship and its alternatives, viewed guardianship as necessary, and desired to be involved in future planning and decision making supports with their brother or sister in adulthood. These findings have several implications for future research, as well as for schools and disability service agencies. For example, siblings’ limited knowledge about guardianship and its alternatives highlights the need for schools, disability agencies, and other disability organizations to better inform families about the full range of options available to support people with IDD in making decisions. Likewise, as the sibling participants were concerned about their brother and sister’s decision-making abilities, there is a need for better training of people with IDD to be able to make and express their choices in a variety of situations. Finally, as this study had a small sample size and the participants’ were all White, future research with more diverse and larger sample sizes is needed.
A new technique for tokamak edge density measurement based on microwave interferometer
Creators: name: Usoltceva, Mariia
name: Heuraux, Stéphane
name: Khabibullin, Ildar
name: Faugel, Helmut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Novel approach for density measurements at the edge of a hot plasma device is presented - Microwave Interferometer in the Limiter Shadow (MILS). The diagnostic technique is based on measuring the change in phase and power of a microwave beam passing tangentially through the edge plasma. The wave propagation involves varying combinations of refraction, phase change and further interference of the beam fractions. A 3D model is constructed as a synthetic diagnostic for MILS and allows exploring this broad range of wave propagation regimes. The diagnostic parameters, such as its dimensions, frequency and configuration of the emitter and receiver antennas, should be balanced to meet the target range and location of measurements. It can be therefore adjusted for various conditions and here the diagnostic concept is evaluated on a chosen example, which was taken as suitable to cover densities of ~10^15-10^19 m^-3 on the edge of the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak. Based on a density profile with fixed radial shape, appropriate for experimental density approximation, a database of syntethic diagnostic measurements is built. The developed genetic algorithm genMILS of density profile reconstruction using the constructed database results in quite low numerical error. It is estimated as ~ 5-15 % for density >10^17 m^-3. Therefore, the new diagnostic technique (with dedicated data processing algorithm) has a large potential in practical applications in a wide range of densities, with low numerical error, so the total error and the density estimation accuracy is expected to be defined by experimental uncertainties.
description: Submitted to Review of Scientific Instruments
Growth of hexagonal BN crystals by traveling-solvent floating zone
Creators: name: Zoghlin, Eli
name: Plo, Juliette
name: Ye, Gaihua
name: Nnokwe, Cynthia
name: Gomez, Reina
name: Ferrenti, Austin
name: Kushwaha, Satya
name: He, Rui
name: Wilson, Stephen D.
name: Valvin, Pierre
name: Gil, Bernard
name: Cassabois, Guillaume
name: Edgar, James H.
name: McQueen, Tyrel M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Large, high-purity single-crystals of hexagonal BN (h-BN) are essential for exploiting its many desirable and interesting properties. Here, we demonstrate via X-ray tomography, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy that h-BN crystals can be grown by traveling-solvent floating-zone (TSFZ). The diameters of grown boules range from 3 - 5 mm with lengths from 2 - 10 mm. Tomography indicates variable grain sizes within the boules, with the largest having areas of $\approx$ 1 mm $\times$ 2 mm and thickness $\approx$ 0.5 mm. Although the boules contain macroscale flux inclusions, the h-BN lattice itself is of high quality for samples grown under optimized conditions. The currently optimized growth procedure employs an Fe flux, moderate N$_2$ pressure ($P_{N2} \approx$ 6 bar), and a growth rate of 0.1 mm/h. Raman spectroscopy for an optimized sample gives an average linewidth of 7.7(2) cm$^{-1}$ for the E$_{\mathrm{2g}}$ intralayer mode at 1365.46(4) cm$^{-1}$ and 1.0(1) cm$^{-1}$ for the E$_{\mathrm{2g}}$ interlayer shear mode at 51.78(9) cm$^{-1}$. The corresponding photoluminescence spectrum shows sharp phonon-assisted free exciton peaks and minimal signal in the energy range corresponding to carbon-related defects ($E$ = 3.9 4.1 eV). Our work demonstrates the viability of growing h-BN by the TSFZ technique, thereby opening a new route towards larger, high-quality crystals and advancing the state of h-BN related research.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures + supplementary information. Published in J. Cryst. Growth
Additional file 1 of Evaluating ECM stiffness and liver cancer radiation response via shear-wave elasticity in 3D culture models
Creators: name: Lu, Shao-Lun
name: Pei, Yu
name: Liu, Wei-Wen
name: Han, Kun
name: Cheng, Jason Chia-Hsien
name: Li, Pai-Chi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Supplementary Material 1
The Critical Core Mass of Rotating Planets
Creators: name: Zhong, Wei
name: Yu, Cong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The gravitational harmonics measured from Juno and Cassini spacecrafts help us to specify the internal structure and chemical elements of Jupiter and Saturn, respectively. However, we still do not know much about the impact of rotation on the planetary internal structure as well as their formation. The centrifugal force induced by rotation deforms the planetary shape and partially counteracts the gravitational force. Thus, rotation will affect the critical core mass of the exoplanet. Once the atmospheric mass becomes comparable to the critical core mass, the planet will enter the runaway accretion phase and becomes a gas giant. We have confirmed that the critical core masses of rotating planets depend on the stiffness of the polytrope, the outer boundary conditions, and the thickness of the isothermal layer. The critical core mass with Bondi boundary condition is determined by the surface properties. The critical core mass of a rotating planet will increase with the core gravity (i.e., the innermost density). For the Hill boundary condition, the soft polytrope shares the same properties as planets with Bondi boundary condition. Since the total mass for planets with Hill boundary condition increases with the decrease of the polytropic index, higher core gravity is required for rotating planets. As a result, the critical core mass in the stiff Hill model sharply increases. The rotation effects become more important when the radiative and convective regions coexist. Besides, the critical core mass of planets with Hill (Bondi) boundary increases noticeably as the radiative layer becomes thinner (thicker).
description: 15 pages, 4 figure. Accepted by ApJ
Personalized musically induced emotions of not-so-popular Colombian music
Creators: name: Gómez-Cañón, Juan Sebastián
name: Herrera, Perfecto
name: Cano, Estefanía
name: Gómez, Emilia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This work presents an initial proof of concept of how Music Emotion Recognition (MER) systems could be intentionally biased with respect to annotations of musically induced emotions in a political context. In specific, we analyze traditional Colombian music containing politically charged lyrics of two types: (1) vallenatos and social songs from the "left-wing" guerrilla Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC) and (2) corridos from the "right-wing" paramilitaries Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia (AUC). We train personalized machine learning models to predict induced emotions for three users with diverse political views - we aim at identifying the songs that may induce negative emotions for a particular user, such as anger and fear. To this extent, a user's emotion judgements could be interpreted as problematizing data - subjective emotional judgments could in turn be used to influence the user in a human-centered machine learning environment. In short, highly desired "emotion regulation" applications could potentially deviate to "emotion manipulation" - the recent discredit of emotion recognition technologies might transcend ethical issues of diversity and inclusion.
Simulational nanoengineering: Molecular dynamics implementation of an atomistic Stirling engine
Creators: name: Rapaport, D. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A nanoscale-sized Stirling engine with an atomistic working fluid has been modeled using molecular dynamics simulation. The design includes heat exchangers based on thermostats, pistons attached to a flywheel under load, and a regenerator. Key aspects of the behavior, including the time-dependent flows, are described. The model is shown to be capable of stable operation while producing net work at a moderate level of efficiency.
description: 4 pages, 8 figures (minor changes)
title: Building Community Using Experiential Education with Elementary Preservice Teachers in a Social Studies Methodology Course
Creators: name: Speicher, Stephanie L.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: There is urgency for teacher educators to instruct preservice teachers in the core tenants of social justice education. This urgency is based upon the ever-growing shift in the American demographic landscape and the responsibility of educators to teach for equity, justice, identity and community within classrooms across the U.S. Preservice teachers report feeling inadequately prepared to educate for social justice when entering the formal classroom setting. Feelings of incompetence in social justice teaching pedagogy expressed among preservice teachers coupled with minimal examination in the literature of the effects of teacher education practices that aid in the readiness to teach for social justice provided the foundation for this study.
This study examined experiential methodology that can prepare preservice elementary teachers to teach for social justice, particularly within an elementary social studies context. Specifically, the study focused on two primary research questions: (1) How do preservice elementary teachers in a social studies methods course conceptualize teaching for social justice within an experiential framework? (2) In what ways did preservice teachers operationalize teaching for social justice in the practicum classroom? Also examined was how development of community in an elementary social studies methodology course fostered the understanding of teaching for social justice among preservice teachers.
The findings of this study highlight preservice teachers were able to conceptualize building communities with experiential methods to teach for social justice and how doing so created an effective learning community within the methodology class. Although the preservice teachers valued the implementation of experiential methods into their social studies methodology to foster the teaching of social justice, substantial difficulties were expressed in their incorporation of experiential methods in the practicum environment due to a lack of confidence, teaching competence or collegial support. Recommendations for teacher education programs are also discussed.
Silicon nanostructure cloak operating at optical frequencies
Creators: name: Gabrielli, Lucas H.
name: Cardenas, Jaime
name: Poitras, Carl B.
name: Lipson, Michal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ability to render objects invisible using a cloak - not detectable by an external observer - for concealing objects has been a tantalizing goal1-6. Here, we demonstrate a cloak operating in the near infrared at a wavelength of 1550 nm. The cloak conceals a deformation on a flat reflecting surface, under which an object can be hidden. The device has an area of 225 um2 and hides a region of 1.6 um2. It is composed of nanometre size silicon structures with spatially varying densities across the cloak. The density variation is defined using transformation optics to define the effective index distribution of the cloak.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures
A linguistic analysis of Gurma
Creators: name: Beckett, Eleanor
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This thesis presents a linguistic description of Gurma nouns and verbs based on the Fada N'Gurma dialect. The first chapter introduces the Gurmas to the reader and tells about the first writings in and about their language. Chapter two presents a phonetic and phonemic analysis of the language. Chapter three defines the noun, presents the noun classes, and shows how tonal patterns divide the noun classes into sub-sets. It shows the pronouns which are in concord with the noun classes as well as the sub-set of personal pronouns. It then shows how tonal patterns change when nouns or pronouns are used in negative, relative and possessive constructions. Chapter four defines the verb and shows its inflections by means of tonal change, addition, deletion, replacement and suppletion. It then presents the verbal particles and shows their use. In chapter five a Gurma sentence is analysed to shown nominal and verbal morphemes in an authentic Gurma setting. The thesis is concluded with a bibliography and two appendixes, the first a brief report on work being done in the currently popular field of ideophones, the second an account of references made to the Gurma language before the twentieth century. The two maps following, page ii, show the location of Gurma in relation to Greenberg's language families of Africa, and in relation to Gurma's immediate language neighbours.