cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Nationally representative results on SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and testing in Germany at the end of 2020
Creators: name: Neuhauser, Hannelore
name: Rosario, Angelika Schaffrath
name: Butschalowsky, Hans
name: Haller, Sebastian
name: Hoebel, Jens
name: Michel, Janine
name: Nitsche, Andreas
name: Poethko-Müller, Christina
name: Prütz, Franziska
name: Liebig, Stefan
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Epidemiology
subject: Viral infection
subject: SARS-CoV-2
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::616 Krankheiten

description: Pre-vaccine SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence data from Germany are scarce outside hotspots, and socioeconomic disparities remained largely unexplored. The nationwide representative RKI-SOEP study (15,122 participants, 18–99 years, 54% women) investigated seroprevalence and testing in a supplementary wave of the Socio-Economic-Panel conducted predominantly in October–November 2020. Self-collected oral-nasal swabs were PCR-positive in 0.4% and Euroimmun anti-SARS-CoV-2-S1-IgG ELISA from dry-capillary-blood antibody-positive in 1.3% (95% CI 0.9–1.7%, population-weighted, corrected for sensitivity = 0.811, specificity = 0.997). Seroprevalence was 1.7% (95% CI 1.2–2.3%) when additionally correcting for antibody decay. Overall infection prevalence including self-reports was 2.1%. We estimate 45% (95% CI 21–60%) undetected cases and lower detection in socioeconomically deprived districts. Prior SARS-CoV-2 testing was reported by 18% from the lower educational group vs. 25% and 26% from the medium and high educational group (p < 0.001, global test over three categories). Symptom-triggered test frequency was similar across educational groups. Routine testing was more common in low-educated adults, whereas travel-related testing and testing after contact with infected persons was more common in highly educated groups. This countrywide very low pre-vaccine seroprevalence in Germany at the end of 2020 can serve to evaluate the containment strategy. Our findings on social disparities indicate improvement potential in pandemic planning for people in socially disadvantaged circumstances.
Cancellation of Infrared Divergence in Inclusive Production of Heavy Quarkonia
Creators: name: Zhou, Gao-Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A scheme is presented here to cancel out the topologically unfactorized infrared divergences in the inclusive production of heavy quarkonia, which affect the NRQCD factorization of these processes. The heavy quarkonia are defined as resonance states of QCD instead of color singlet heavy quark pair. Thus the final heavy quark pair is nor necessarily to be color singlet. In addition, the heavy quarkonia are reconstructed by their decay products. As the result, transition between states containing containing heavy quarks caused by exchanges of soft gluons are also taken into account here. Such cancellation is crucial for the NRQCD factorization of these processes.
description: 17 pages, 26 figures
Laser-induced terahertz spin transport in magnetic nanostructures arises from the same force as ultrafast demagnetization
Creators: name: Rouzegar, Reza
name: Brandt, Liane
name: Nádvorník, Lukáš
name: Reiss, David A.
name: Chekhov, Alexander L.
name: Gueckstock, Oliver
name: In, Chihun
name: Seifert, Tom S.
name: Brouwer, Piet W.
name: Kampfrath, Tobias
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Light-induced magnetic effects
subject: Spin dynamics
subject: Ultrafast magnetic effects
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: Laser-induced terahertz spin transport (TST) and ultrafast demagnetization (UDM) are central but so far disconnected phenomena in femtomagnetism and terahertz spintronics. Here, we use broadband terahertz emission spectroscopy to reliably measure both processes in one setup. We find that the rate of UDM in a single simple ferromagnetic metal film F such as Co70Fe30 or Ni80Fe20 has the same time evolution as TST from F into an adjacent normal-metal layer N such as Pt or W. As this remarkable agreement refers to two very different samples, an F layer vs an F|N stack, it does not result from the trivial fact that TST out of F reduces the F magnetization at the same rate. Instead, our observation strongly suggests that UDM in F and TST in F|N are driven by the same force, which is fully determined by the state of the ferromagnet. An analytical model quantitatively explains our measurements and reveals that both UDM in the F sample and TST in the associated F|N stack arise from a generalized spin voltage, i.e., an excess of magnetization, which is defined for arbitrary, nonthermal electron distributions. We also conclude that contributions due to a possible temperature difference between F and N, i.e., the spin-dependent Seebeck effect, and optical intersite spin transfer are minor in our experiment. Based on these findings, one can apply the vast knowledge of UDM to TST to significantly increase spin-current amplitudes and, thus, open promising pathways toward energy-efficient ultrafast spintronic devices.
Two-State Thermodynamics and the Possibility of a Liquid-Liquid Phase Transition in Supercooled TIP4P/2005 Water
Creators: name: Singh, Rakesh S.
name: Biddle, John W.
name: Debenedetti, Pablo G.
name: Anisimov, Mikhail A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Water shows intriguing thermodynamic and dynamic anomalies in the supercooled liquid state. One possible explanation of the origin of these anomalies lies in the existence of a metastable liquid-liquid phase transition (LLPT) between two (high and low density) forms of water. While the anomalies are observed in experiments on bulk and confined water and by computer simulation studies of water-like models, the existence of a LLPT in water is still debated. Unambiguous experimental proof of the existence of a LLPT in bulk supercooled water is hampered by fast ice nucleation which is a precursor of the hypothesized LLPT. Moreover, the hypothesized LLPT, being metastable, in principle cannot exist in the thermodynamic limit (infinite size, infinite time). Therefore, computer simulations of water models are crucial for exploring the possibility of the metastable LLPT and the nature of the anomalies. In this work, we present new simulation results in the NVT ensemble for one of the most accurate classical molecular models of water, TIP4P/2005. To describe the computed properties and explore the possibility of a LLPT we have applied two-structure thermodynamics, viewing water as a non-ideal mixture of two interconvertible local structures ("states"). The results suggest the presence of a liquid-liquid critical point and a LLPT in this model for the simulated length and time scales. We have compared the behavior of TIP4P/2005 with other popular water-like models, namely mW and ST2, and with real water, all of which are well described by two-state thermodynamics. In view of the current debate involving different studies of TIP4P/2005, we discuss consequences of metastability and finite size in observing the liquid-liquid separation. We also address the relationship between the phenomenological order parameter of two-structure thermodynamics and the microscopic nature of the low-density structure.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures New version changed to clarify simulation details and, add references, and fix typographical errors; results unchanged. Supplementary material added with simulation details
On 3d Bulk Geometry of Virasoro Coadjoint Orbits: Orbit invariant charges and Virasoro hair on locally AdS3 geometries
Creators: name: Sheikh-Jabbari, M. M.
name: Yavartanoo, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Expanding upon [arXiv:1404.4472, 1511.06079], we provide further detailed analysis of Bañados geometries, the most general solutions to the AdS3 Einstein gravity with Brown-Henneaux boundary conditions. We analyze in some detail the causal, horizon and boundary structure, and geodesic motion on these geometries, as well as the two class of symplectic charges one can associate with these geometries: charges associated with the exact symmetries and the Virasoro charges. We elaborate further the one-to-one relation between the coadjoint orbits of two copies of Virasoro group and Bañados geometries. We discuss that the information about the Bañados goemetries fall into two categories: "orbit invariant" information and "Virasoro hairs". The former are geometric quantities while the latter are specified by the non-local surface integrals. We elaborate on multi-BTZ geometries which have some number of disconnected pieces at the horizon bifurcation curve. We study multi-BTZ black hole thermodynamics and discuss that the thermodynamic quantities are orbit invariants. We also comment on the implications of our analysis for a 2d CFT dual which could possibly be dual to AdS3 Einstein gravity.
description: 36 pages, 4 figures, minor modification, references added
Reactivity of Sodium Pentaphospholide Na[cyclo-P5] towards C≡E (E=C, N, P) Triple Bonds
Creators: name: Petrov, Andrey
name: Conrad, Lawrence
name: Coles, Nathan T.
name: Weber, Manuela
name: Andrae, Dirk
name: Zagidullin, Almaz
name: Miluykov, Vasili
name: Müller, Christian
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: cyclic voltammetry
subject: DFT calculations
subject: heteroferrocenes
subject: phosphorus heterocycles
subject: X-ray diffraction
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: A diglyme solution of Na[cyclo-P5] (1) reacts with alkynes and isolobal nitriles and phosphaalkynes to afford the otherwise elusive (aza)phospholide anions 2 a–c, 4 a,b, and 6. The reaction of Na[cyclo-P5] with alkynes and nitriles was studied by means of DFT methods, which suggested a concerted mechanism for the formation of 2 a and 4 b. The anions 2 a–c, 4 a,b, and 6 coordinate in an η5-fashion towards FeII to give the sandwich (aza)phosphametallocenes 3 a–c, 5 a,b and 7 in moderate to good yields. The new compounds were characterized by means of multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and cyclic voltammetry.
Photon and dilepton production at the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research and the beam energy scan program at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider using coarse-grained microscopic transport simulations
Creators: name: Endres, Stephan
name: van Hees, Hendrik
name: Bleicher, Marcus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present calculations of dilepton and photon spectra for the energy range $E_{\text{lab}}=2-35$ $A$GeV which will be available for the Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at the future Facility for Anti-Proton and Ion Research (FAIR). The same energy regime will also be covered by phase II of the Beam Energy Scan at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC-BES). Coarse-grained dynamics from microscopic transport calculations of the Ultra-relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics (UrQMD) model is used to determine temperature and chemical potentials, which allows for the use of dilepton and photon-emission rates from equilibrium quantum-field theory calculations. The results indicate that non-equilibrium effects, the presence of baryonic matter and the creation of a deconfined phase might show up in specific manners in the measurable dilepton invariant mass spectra and in the photon transverse momentum spectra. However, as the many influences are difficult to disentangle, we argue that the challenge for future measurements of electromagnetic probes will be to provide a high precision with uncertainties much lower than in previous experiments. Furthermore, a systematic study of the whole energy range covered by CBM at FAIR and RHIC-BES is necessary to discriminate between different effects, which influence the spectra, and to identify possible signatures of a phase transition.
description: 22 pages, 13 figures
Structural and functional investigation of the human snRNP assembly factor AAR2 in complex with the RNase H-like domain of PRPF8
Creators: name: Preussner, Marco
name: Santos, Karine F.
name: Alles, Jonathan
name: Heroven, Christina
name: Heyd, Florian
name: Wahl, Markus C.
name: Weber, Gert
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: spliceosomal assembly
subject: U5 snRNP
subject: AAR2
subject: PRPF8
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complexes (snRNPs) represent the main subunits of the spliceosome. While the assembly of the snRNP core particles has been well characterized, comparably little is known of the incorporation of snRNP-specific proteins and the mechanisms of snRNP recycling. U5 snRNP assembly in yeast requires binding of the the Aar2 protein to Prp8p as a placeholder to preclude premature assembly of the SNRNP200 helicase, but the role of the human AAR2 homolog has not yet been investigated in detail. Here, a crystal structure of human AAR2 in complex with the RNase H-like domain of the U5-specific PRPF8 (PRP8F RH) is reported, revealing a significantly different interaction between the two proteins compared with that in yeast. Based on the structure of the AAR2–PRPF8 RH complex, the importance of the interacting regions and residues was probed and AAR2 variants were designed that failed to stably bind PRPF8 in vitro. Protein-interaction studies of AAR2 with U5 proteins using size-exclusion chromatography reveal similarities and marked differences in the interaction patterns compared with yeast Aar2p and imply phosphorylation-dependent regulation of AAR2 reminiscent of that in yeast. It is found that in vitro AAR2 seems to lock PRPF8 RH in a conformation that is only compatible with the first transesterification step of the splicing reaction and blocks a conformational switch to the step 2-like, Mg2+-coordinated conformation that is likely during U5 snRNP biogenesis. These findings extend the picture of AAR2 PRP8 interaction from yeast to humans and indicate a function for AAR2 in the spliceosomal assembly process beyond its role as an SNRNP200 placeholder in yeast.
Bayesian Variable Selection for Globally Sparse Probabilistic PCA
Creators: name: Bouveyron, Charles
name: Latouche, Pierre
name: Mattei, Pierre-Alexandre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Sparse versions of principal component analysis (PCA) have imposed themselves as simple, yet powerful ways of selecting relevant features of high-dimensional data in an unsupervised manner. However, when several sparse principal components are computed, the interpretation of the selected variables is difficult since each axis has its own sparsity pattern and has to be interpreted separately. To overcome this drawback, we propose a Bayesian procedure called globally sparse probabilistic PCA (GSPPCA) that allows to obtain several sparse components with the same sparsity pattern. This allows the practitioner to identify the original variables which are relevant to describe the data. To this end, using Roweis' probabilistic interpretation of PCA and a Gaussian prior on the loading matrix, we provide the first exact computation of the marginal likelihood of a Bayesian PCA model. To avoid the drawbacks of discrete model selection, a simple relaxation of this framework is presented. It allows to find a path of models using a variational expectation-maximization algorithm. The exact marginal likelihood is then maximized over this path. This approach is illustrated on real and synthetic data sets. In particular, using unlabeled microarray data, GSPPCA infers much more relevant gene subsets than traditional sparse PCA algorithms.
description: An earlier version of this paper appeared in the Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS 2016)
title: Renal artery stenting- A pictorial review of stent designs, indications and outcomes
Creators: name: McPherson, Simon
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Kidney
subject: Interventional vascular
subject: Catheter arteriography
subject: Stents
subject: Biological effects
subject: Arteriosclerosis

description: Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure details Conclusion Personal Information References
description: Learning objectives: To gain an understanding of the different categories of stents available for use in the renal artery.The pros and cons of each category are presented with reference to their suitability for use in the treatment of different renal artery...
Rapidgzip: Parallel Decompression and Seeking in Gzip Files Using Cache Prefetching
Creators: name: Knespel, Maximilian
name: Brunst, Holger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Gzip is a file compression format, which is ubiquitously used. Although a multitude of gzip implementations exist, only pugz can fully utilize current multi-core processor architectures for decompression. Yet, pugz cannot decompress arbitrary gzip files. It requires the decompressed stream to only contain byte values 9-126. In this work, we present a generalization of the parallelization scheme used by pugz that can be reliably applied to arbitrary gzip-compressed data without compromising performance. We show that the requirements on the file contents posed by pugz can be dropped by implementing an architecture based on a cache and a parallelized prefetcher. This architecture can safely handle faulty decompression results, which can appear when threads start decompressing in the middle of a gzip file by using trial and error. Using 128 cores, our implementation reaches 8.7 GB/s decompression bandwidth for gzip-compressed base64-encoded data, a speedup of 55 over the single-threaded GNU gzip, and 5.6 GB/s for the Silesia corpus, a speedup of 33 over GNU gzip.
description: HPDC'23
Quantum dynamics using path integral coarse-graining
Creators: name: Musil, Félix
name: Zaporozhets, Iryna
name: Noé, Frank
name: Clementi, Cecilia
name: Kapil, Venkat
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: quantum dynamics
subject: quantum statistical mechanics
subject: path integral coarse-graining
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: The vibrational spectra of condensed and gas-phase systems are influenced by thequantum-mechanical behavior of light nuclei. Full-dimensional simulations of approximate quantum dynamics are possible thanks to the imaginary time path-integral (PI) formulation of quantum statistical mechanics, albeit at a high computational cost which increases sharply with decreasing temperature. By leveraging advances in machine-learned coarse-graining, we develop a PI method with the reduced computational cost of a classical simulation. We also propose a simple temperature elevation scheme to significantly attenuate the artifacts of standard PI approaches as well as eliminate the unfavorable temperature scaling of the computational cost. We illustrate the approach, by calculating vibrational spectra using standard models of water molecules and bulk water, demonstrating significant computational savings and dramatically improved accuracy compared to more expensive reference approaches. Our simple, efficient, and accurate method has prospects for routine calculations of vibrational spectra for a wide range of molecular systems - with an explicit treatment of the quantum nature of nuclei.
Topological honeycomb magnon Hall effect: A calculation of thermal Hall conductivity of magnetic spin excitations
Creators: name: Owerre, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quite recently, magnon Hall effect of spin excitations has been observed experimentally on the kagome and pyrochlore lattices. Thermal Hall conductivity $κ^{xy}$, changes sign as a function of magnetic field or temperature on the kagome lattice, and $κ^{xy}$ changes sign upon reversing the sign of the magnetic field on the pyrochlore lattice. Motivated by these recent exciting experimental observations, we theoretically propose a simple realization of magnon Hall effect in a two-band model on the honeycomb lattice. The magnon Hall effect of spin excitations arises in the usual way via the breaking of inversion symmetry of the lattice, however, by a next-nearest-neighbour Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya (DM) interaction. We find that $κ^{xy}$ has a fixed sign for all parameter regimes considered. These results are in contrast to the Lieb, kagome and pyrochlore lattices. We further show that the low-temperature dependence on the magnon Hall conductivity follows a $T^{2}$ law, as opposed to the kagome and pyrochlore lattices. These results suggest an experimental procedure to measure thermal Hall conductivity within a class of 2D honeycomb quantum magnets and ultracold atoms trapped in honeycomb optical lattice.
description: 5 pages and 5figures. Published version
A Research Program on Fear of Failure and Creativity
Creators: name: Lin, Sonya
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2022

description: Employee creativity is important for organizational innovation. However, creativity is risky and risks failure. Therefore, it is important to understand fear of failure (FOF hereafter) and how it influences creativity. This thesis includes a number of empirical studies examining FOF and creativity, arranged as follows: Chapter 1 introduces FOF and creativity. Chapter 2 provides an integrative review of FOF to date. Chapter 3 presents two field studies investigating how FOF shaped by perfectionistic parents could lead to risk-averse behavior and decrease creativity and how a comparable workplace experience of perfectionistic supervisor expectations reinforces this link. Chapter 4 investigates how hope of success (i.e., the opposite side of FOF), shaped by parents' work-family enrichment/conflict experience, could further influence children's financial success at work by using 17-year parent-child dyadic lifespan data matched from a 17-year national representative survey. Chapter 5 shifts the attention back to creativity. The recent creativity literature shows that when people think darkly, they tend to be more creative; however, it is not truly beneficial for the social good. To reconcile such conflicting phenomena, I build on person-in-situation theory, arguing that altruism can facilitate both creativity and social goods when team standardization is low and team participation is high. A multisource time-lagged study from a Taiwanese government organization generally supported my hypotheses. Finally, Chapter 6 integrates the key findings of the above empirical studies, offers conclusions, states the limitations of this thesis, and discusses future research directions. In summary, this research offers a theoretical foundation for and practical suggestions to help individuals and authority figures such as supervisors and parents understand the potential downside (e.g., increased FOF) of imposing perfectionistic expectations on others and to understand what authority figures such as supervisors and parents can do to facilitate individuals' performance (e.g., creativity and financial success) at work.
Assessing membrane material properties from the response of giant unilamellar vesicles to electric fields
Creators: name: Aleksanyan, Mina
name: Faizi, Hammad A.
name: Kirmpaki, Maria-Anna
name: Vlahovska, Petia M.
name: Riske, Karin A.
name: Dimova, Rumiana
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Membrane electroporation
subject: vesicle electrodeformation
subject: pore edge tension
subject: bending rigidity
subject: membrane capacitance
subject: membrane surface shear viscosity
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: Knowledge of the material properties of membranes is crucial to understanding cell viability and physiology. A number of methods have been developed to probe membranes in vitro, utilizing the response of minimal biomimetic membrane models to an external perturbation. In this review, we focus on techniques employing giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs), model membrane systems, often referred to as minimal artificial cells because of the potential they offer to mimick certain cellular features. When exposed to electric fields, GUV deformation, dynamic response and poration can be used to deduce properties such as bending rigidity, pore edge tension, membrane capacitance, surface shear viscosity, excess area and membrane stability. We present a succinct overview of these techniques, which require only simple instrumentation, available in many labs, as well as reasonably facile experimental implementation and analysis. Graphical abstract
The Carnegie-Chicago Hubble Program. I. An Independent Approach to the Extragalactic Distance Scale Using only Population II Distance Indicators
Creators: name: Beaton, Rachael L.
name: Freedman, Wendy L.
name: Madore, Barry F.
name: Bono, Giuseppe
name: Carlson, Erika K.
name: Clementini, Gisella
name: Durbin, Meredith J.
name: Garofalo, Alessia
name: Hatt, Dylan
name: Jang, In Sung
name: Kollmeier, Juna A.
name: Lee, Myung Gyoon
name: Monson, Andrew J.
name: Rich, Jeffrey A.
name: Scowcroft, Victoria
name: Seibert, Mark
name: Sturch, Laura
name: Yang, Soung-Chul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an overview of the Carnegie-Chicago Hubble Program, an ongoing program to obtain a 3 per cent measurement of the Hubble constant using alternative methods to the traditional Cepheid distance scale. We aim to establish a completely independent route to the Hubble constant using RR Lyrae variables, the tip of the red giant branch (TRGB), and Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). This alternative distance ladder can be applied to galaxies of any Hubble Type, of any inclination, and, utilizing old stars in low density environments, is robust to the degenerate effects of metallicity and interstellar extinction. Given the relatively small number of SNe Ia host galaxies with independently measured distances, these properties provide a great systematic advantage in the measurement of the Hubble constant via the distance ladder. Initially, the accuracy of our value of the Hubble constant will be set by the five Galactic RR Lyrae calibrators with Hubble Space Telescope Fine-Guidance Sensor parallaxes. With Gaia, both the RR Lyrae zero point and TRGB method will be independently calibrated, the former with at least an order of magnitude more calibrators and the latter directly through parallax measurement of tip red giants. As the first end-to-end "distance ladder" completely independent of both Cepheid variables and the Large Magellanic Cloud, this path to the Hubble constant will allow for the high precision comparison at each rung of the traditional distance ladder that is necessary to understand tensions between this and other routes to the Hubble constant.
description: 21 pages, 8 figures (f5 is low res), accepted to ApJ (October 2016)
An Almost Optimal Bound on the Number of Intersections of Two Simple Polygons
Creators: name: Ackerman, Eyal
name: Keszegh, Balázs
name: Rote, Günter
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Simple polygon
subject: Ramsey theory
subject: Combinatorial geometry
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::510 Mathematik::510 Mathematik

description: What is the maximum number of intersections of the boundaries of a simple m-gon and a simple n-gon? This is a basic question in combinatorial geometry, and the answer is easy if at least one of m and n is even: If both m and n are even, then every pair of sides may cross and so the answer is mn. If exactly one polygon, say the n-gon, has an odd number of sides, it can intersect each side of the m-gon polygon at most n−1 times; hence there are at most mn−m intersections. It is not hard to construct examples that meet these bounds. If both m and n are odd, the best known construction has mn−(m+n)+3 intersections, and it is conjectured that this is the maximum. However, the best known upper bound is only mn−(m+⌈n/6⌉), for m≥n. We prove a new upper bound of mn−(m+n)+C for some constant C, which is optimal apart from the value of C.
title: Potential value of T1 mapping in cardiac MR assessment of hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy patients: preliminary results.
Creators: name: Kallifatidis, Alexandros
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: MR
subject: Cardiac
subject: Tissue characterisation

description: Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Purpose: The contribution of fibrogenesis to impaired cardiac function is increasingly recognized. The fibrotic ECM causes increased stiffness and induces pathological signaling within cardiomyocytes resulting in progressive cardiac failure. Molli sequence...
title: Calcaneal fracture. A subtle injury that requires urgent diagnosis.
Creators: name: Rayón-Aledo, Jose Carlos
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal bone
subject: Emergency
subject: Extremities
subject: CT
subject: Education
subject: Trauma

description: Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure details Conclusion Personal Information References
description: Learning objectives: In this e-poster we are willing to remark the following key points: To review the anatomy of the calcaneus. To study the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of its fracture. To point out the important relationship existing between an early...
ViZDoom: A Doom-based AI Research Platform for Visual Reinforcement Learning
Creators: name: Kempka, Michał
name: Wydmuch, Marek
name: Runc, Grzegorz
name: Toczek, Jakub
name: Jaśkowski, Wojciech
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The recent advances in deep neural networks have led to effective vision-based reinforcement learning methods that have been employed to obtain human-level controllers in Atari 2600 games from pixel data. Atari 2600 games, however, do not resemble real-world tasks since they involve non-realistic 2D environments and the third-person perspective. Here, we propose a novel test-bed platform for reinforcement learning research from raw visual information which employs the first-person perspective in a semi-realistic 3D world. The software, called ViZDoom, is based on the classical first-person shooter video game, Doom. It allows developing bots that play the game using the screen buffer. ViZDoom is lightweight, fast, and highly customizable via a convenient mechanism of user scenarios. In the experimental part, we test the environment by trying to learn bots for two scenarios: a basic move-and-shoot task and a more complex maze-navigation problem. Using convolutional deep neural networks with Q-learning and experience replay, for both scenarios, we were able to train competent bots, which exhibit human-like behaviors. The results confirm the utility of ViZDoom as an AI research platform and imply that visual reinforcement learning in 3D realistic first-person perspective environments is feasible.
title: Errors in interpretation of body CT in oncology patients: Lessons learnt from root cause analysis
Creators: name: Santosh, Divya
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Structured reporting
subject: Staging
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: CT
subject: Thorax
subject: Oncology
subject: Abdomen
subject: Metastases
subject: Neoplasia

description: Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure details Conclusion Personal Information References
description: Learning objectives: This presentation aims to remind radiologists of the potential errors in reporting CT’s of oncological patients. We will illustrate a wide variety of imaging examples and discuss the important lessons learnt from our mistakes. Careful assessment...
Environmental profile of the life cycle of small-scale honey production in Mendoza, Argentina
Creators: name: Baron, Gabriela
Publisher: name: The University of Auckland
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 401105
subject: Life cycle assessment and industrial ecology
classificationCode: 300605
subject: Food safety, traceability, certification and authenticity
classificationCode: 410204
subject: Ecosystem services (incl. pollination)

description: This study was carried out in order to assess the environmental impact of the production of honey in Mendoza, located in the Cuyo Region of Argentina. A Life Cycle Assessment was performed for small-scale production, including hive management and honey extraction, processing and packaging. The functional unit was defined as 330 kilograms of processed and packed honey. The results have shown that the major environmental impacts of honey production are caused for the production of sugar used in the manufacturing of food supplements for the bees and the transfer of the hives between production sites. Considering the great influence of beekeeping in the performance increment of horticulture-fruit production in Cuyo Region, the study includes an analysis that incorporates pollination services.
Jung, A., Vom Kampf der Väter: Schwärmerische Bewegungen im ausgehenden 19. Jahrhundert
Creators: name: Holthaus, Stephan
Publisher: name: Jahrbuch für evangelikale Theologie
Year: 2025

description: 1821139070
description: Jahrbuch für evangelikale Theologie, V. 10 (1996): Jahrbuch für evangelikale Theologie, Band 10
title: Complications of lung transplantation: A pictorial review with histopathological correlation. Experience at a tertiary referral centre
Creators: name: Diez, Patricia
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Thorax
subject: Lung
subject: Pulmonary vessels
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: CT
subject: Complications
subject: Transplantation

description: Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure details Conclusion Personal Information References
description: Learning objectives: To discuss and illustrate the immediate and late medical and surgical complications of lung transplant (LT) with histopathological correlation where applicable. The LT complications can be divided as follows: hyperacute, acute and chronic rejection...
Physical Implementation of a Tunable Memristor-based Chua's Circuit
Creators: name: Escudero, Manuel
name: Spiga, Sabina
name: di Marco, Mauro
name: Forti, Mauro
name: Innocenti, Giacomo
name: Tesi, Alberto
name: Corinto, Fernando
name: Brivio, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Nonlinearity is a central feature in demanding computing applications that aim to deal with tasks such as optimization or classification. Furthermore, the consensus is that nonlinearity should not be only exploited at the algorithm level, but also at the physical level by finding devices that incorporate desired nonlinear features to physically implement energy, area and/or time efficient computing applications. Chaotic oscillators are one type of system powered by nonlinearity, which can be used for computing purposes. In this work we present a physical implementation of a tunable Chua's circuit in which the nonlinear part is based on a nonvolatile memristive device. Device characterization and circuit analysis serve as guidelines to design the circuit and results prove the possibility to tune the circuit oscillatory response by electrically programming the device.
description: Accepted by IEEE 48th European Solid State Circuits Conference (ESSCIRC 2022)
Entanglement convertibility by sweeping through the quantum phases of the alternating bonds $XXZ$ chain
Creators: name: Tzeng, Yu-Chin
name: Dai, Li
name: Chung, M. -C.
name: Amico, Luigi
name: Kwek, Leong-Chuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the entanglement structure and the topological edge states of the ground state of the spin-1/2 XXZ model with bond alternation. We employ parity-density matrix renormalization group with periodic boundary conditions. The finite-size scaling of Rényi entropies $S_2$ and $S_\infty$ are used to construct the phase diagram of the system. The phase diagram displays three possible phases: Haldane type (an example of symmetry protected topological ordered phases), Classical Dimer and Néel phases, the latter bounded by two continuous quantum phase transitions. The entanglement and non-locality in the ground state are studied and quantified by the entanglement convertibility. We found that, at small spatial scales, the ground state is not convertible within the topological Haldane dimer phase. The phenomenology we observe can be described in terms of correlations between edge states. We found that the entanglement spectrum also exhibits a distinctive response in the topological phase: the effective rank of the reduced density matrix displays a specifically large "susceptibility" in the topological phase. These findings support the idea that although the topological order in the ground state cannot be detected by local inspection, the ground state response at local scale can tell the topological phases apart from the non-topological phases.
description: Final version
A stringent limit on the amplitude of Alfvénic perturbations in high-beta low-collisionality plasmas
Creators: name: Squire, J.
name: Quataert, E.
name: Schekochihin, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that low-collisionality plasmas cannot support linearly polarized shear-Alfvén fluctuations above a critical amplitude $δB_{\perp}/B_{0} \sim β^{\,-1/2}$, where $β$ is the ratio of thermal to magnetic pressure. Above this cutoff, a developing fluctuation will generate a pressure anisotropy that is sufficient to destabilize itself through the parallel firehose instability. This causes the wave frequency to approach zero, interrupting the fluctuation before any oscillation. The magnetic field lines rapidly relax into a sequence of angular zig-zag structures. Such a restrictive bound on shear-Alfvén-wave amplitudes has far-reaching implications for the physics of magnetized turbulence in the high-$β$ conditions prevalent in many astrophysical plasmas, as well as for the solar wind at $\sim 1 \mathrm{AU}$ where $β\gtrsim 1$.
description: Accepted for publication in Astrophys. J. Lett
Pre-equilibrium dynamics and heavy-ion observables
Creators: name: Heinz, Ulrich W.
name: Liu, Jia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To bracket the importance of the pre-equilibrium stage on relativistic heavy-ion collision observables, we compare simulations where it is modeled by either free-streaming partons or fluid dynamics. These cases implement the assumptions of extremely weak vs. extremely strong coupling in the initial collision stage. Accounting for flow generated in the pre-equilibrium stage, we study the sensitivity of radial, elliptic and triangular flow on the switching time when the hydrodynamic description becomes valid. Using the hybrid code iEBE-VISHNU we perform a multi-parameter search, constrained by particle ratios, integrated elliptic and triangular charged hadron flow, the mean transverse momenta of pions, kaons and protons, and the second moment $\langle p_T^2\rangle$ of the proton transverse momentum spectrum, to identify optimized values for the switching time $τ_s$ from pre-equilibrium to hydrodynamics, the specific shear viscosity $η/s$, the normalization factor of the temperature-dependent specific bulk viscosity $(ζ/s)(T)$, and the switching temperature $T_\mathrm{sw}$ from viscous hydrodynamics to the hadron cascade UrQMD. With the optimized parameters, we predict and compare with experiment the $p_T$-distributions of $π$, $K$, $p$, $Λ$, $Ξ$ and $Ω$ yields and their elliptic flow coefficients, focusing specifically on the mass-ordering of the elliptic flow for protons and Lambda hyperons which is incorrectly described by VISHNU without pre-equilibrium flow.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure. Talk presented at Quark Matter 2015, Kobe, Sep. 27 - Oct. 3, 2015, to appear in the proceedings published by Nuclear Physics A. v2 corrects originally mislabeled curves in Figs. 2a,b
title: Stratification of B3 lesions following radiology and pathology audit
Creators: name: Forester, Nerys
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Breast
subject: Mammography
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Biopsy
subject: Pathology

description: Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Purpose: There is an increasing focus on B3 lesions within the breast and their appropriate management. The heterogeneity of lesions within the B3 group means that the risk of malignancy varies widely between subgroups (1). It is known that underestimation...
Towards the second H.E.S.S. Galactic plane catalogue
Creators: name: Remy, Q.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The H.E.S.S. Galactic Plane Survey (HGPS), carried out between 2004 and 2013, is the most extensive survey of our Galaxy at very-high energies that covers the southern sky. Since the first HPGS catalogue release, the new observations accumulated provide a deeper scan of many Galactic sources, and a number of improvements have been made at various stages of the data processing chain, notably on events reconstruction and background modeling techniques. In parallel a new catalog production workflow has been tested and optimized on simulations done in preparation for the future Galactic Plane survey to be conducted by the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). The development of a common data format and open scientific tools for gamma-ray astronomy allowed a smooth transition from the exploratory work done on CTA simulations to its application for H.E.S.S. data analysis. These elements offered a solid ground to build the second H.E.S.S. Galactic Plane Survey catalogue (2HGPS). In the following we will focus on the description of the catalogue workflow and show few results along the way.
The $\textit{Fermi}$-LAT gamma-ray excess at the Galactic Center in the singlet-doublet fermion dark matter model
Creators: name: Horiuchi, Shunsaku
name: Macias, Oscar
name: Restrepo, Diego
name: Rivera, Andres
name: Silverwood, Hamish
name: Zapata, Oscar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The singlet-doublet fermion dark matter model (SDFDM) provides a good DM candidate as well as the possibility of generating neutrino masses radiatively. The search and identification of DM requires the combined effort of both indirect and direct DM detection experiments in addition to the LHC. Remarkably, an excess of GeV gamma rays from the Galactic Center (GCE) has been measured with the \textit{Fermi} Large Area Telescope (LAT) which appears to be robust with respect to changes in the diffuse galactic background modeling. Although several astrophysical explanations have been proposed, DM remains a simple and well motivated alternative. In this work, we examine the sensitivities of dark matter searches in the SDFDM scenario using $\textit{Fermi}$-LAT, CTA, IceCube/DeepCore, LUX, PICO and LHC with an emphasis on exploring the regions of the parameter space that can account for the GCE. We find that DM particles present in this model with masses close to $\sim 99$ GeV and $\sim (173-190)$ GeV annihilating predominantly into the $W^+W^-$ channel and $t\bar{t}$ channel respectively, provide an acceptable fit to the GCE while being consistent with different current experimental bounds. We also find that much of the obtained parameter space can be ruled out by future direct search experiments like LZ and XENON-1T, in case of null results by these detectors. Interestingly, we show that the most recent data by LUX is starting to probe the best fit region in the SDFDM model.
description: 21 pages, 7 figures. v2: references added. Version accepted by JCAP
Turbulent transport and entrainment in jets and plumes: a DNS study
Creators: name: van Reeuwijk, Maarten
name: Salizzoni, Pietro
name: Hunt, Gary R.
name: Craske, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new DNS data set for a statistically axisymmetric turbulent jet, plume and forced plume in a domain of size $40 r_0 \times 40 r_0 \times 60 r_0$, where $r_0$ is the source diameter. The data set provides evidence of the validity of the Priestley and Ball entrainment model in unstratified environments (excluding the region near the source), which is corroborated further by the Wang and Law and Ezzamel \emph{et al.} experimental data sets, the latter being corrected for a small but influential co-flow that affected the statistics. We show that the turbulence in the core region of the jet and the plume are practically indistinguishable, although the invariants of the anisotropy tensor reveal a significant change in the turbulence near the plume edge. The DNS data indicates that the turbulent Prandtl number is about 0.7 for both jets and plumes. For plumes, this value is a result of the difference in the ratio of the radial turbulent transport of radial momentum and buoyancy. For jets however, the value originates from a different spread of the buoyancy and velocity profiles, in spite of the fact that the ratio of radial turbulent transport terms is approximately unity. The DNS data does not show any evidence of similarity drift associated with gradual variations in the ratio of buoyancy profile to velocity profile widths.