cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Rokhsar-Kivelson Models of Bosonic Symmetry-Protected Topological States
Creators: name: Santos, Luiz H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A platform for constructing microscopic Hamiltonians describing bosonic symmetry-protected topological (SPT) states is presented. The Hamiltonians we consider are examples of frustration-free Rokhsar-Kivelson models, which are known to be in one-to-one correspondence with classical stochastic systems in the same spatial dimensionality. By exploring this classical-quantum mapping, we are able to construct a large class of microscopic models which, in a closed manifold, have a non-degenerate gapped symmetric ground state describing the universal properties of SPT states. Examples of one and two dimensional SPT states which illustrate our approach are discussed.
description: 12 pages; 3 figures
Quantum pixel representations and compression for $N$-dimensional images
Creators: name: Amankwah, Mercy G.
name: Camps, Daan
name: Bethel, E. Wes
name: Van Beeumen, Roel
name: Perciano, Talita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce a novel and uniform framework for quantum pixel representations that overarches many of the most popular representations proposed in the recent literature, such as (I)FRQI, (I)NEQR, MCRQI, and (I)NCQI. The proposed QPIXL framework results in more efficient circuit implementations and significantly reduces the gate complexity for all considered quantum pixel representations. Our method only requires a linear number of gates in terms of the number of pixels and does not use ancilla qubits. Furthermore, the circuits only consist of Ry gates and CNOT gates making them practical in the NISQ era. Additionally, we propose a circuit and image compression algorithm that is shown to be highly effective, being able to reduce the necessary gates to prepare an FRQI state for example scientific images by up to 90% without sacrificing image quality. Our algorithms are made publicly available as part of QPIXL++, a Quantum Image Pixel Library.
Endogenous retroviral signatures predict immunotherapy response in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Creators: name: Serody, J.S.
name: Smith, C.C.
name: Kim, W.Y.
name: Bixby, L.M.
name: Bortone, D.S.
name: Swanstrom, R.
name: Beckermann, K.E.
name: Bhanot, G.
name: Vincent, B.G.
name: Selitsky, S.R.
name: Lee, S.J.
name: Parker, J.S.
name: Milowsky, M.I.
name: Ganesan, S.
name: Cubas, A.A.
name: Wallen, E.M.
name: Rathmell, K.
name: Panda, A.
Publisher: name: American Society for Clinical Investigation
Year: 2018

description: Human endogenous retroviruses (hERVs) are remnants of exogenous retroviruses that have integrated into the genome throughout evolution. We developed a computational workflow, hervQuant, which identified more than 3,000 transcriptionally active hERVs within The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) pan-cancer RNA-Seq database. hERV expression was associated with clinical prognosis in several tumor types, most significantly clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). We explored two mechanisms by which hERV expression may influence the tumor immune microenvironment in ccRCC: (i) RIG-I-like signaling and (ii) retroviral antigen activation of adaptive immunity. We demonstrated the ability of hERV signatures associated with these immune mechanisms to predict patient survival in ccRCC, independent of clinical staging and molecular subtyping. We identified potential tumor-specific hERV epitopes with evidence of translational activity through the use of a ccRCC ribosome profiling (Ribo-Seq) dataset, validated their ability to bind HLA in vitro, and identified the presence of MHC tetramer-positive T cells against predicted epitopes. hERV sequences identified through this screening approach were significantly more highly expressed in ccRCC tumors responsive to treatment with programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) inhibition. hervQuant provides insights into the role of hERVs within the tumor immune microenvironment, as well as evidence that hERV expression could serve as a biomarker for patient prognosis and response to immunotherapy. © 2018 American Society for Clinical Investigation. All rights reserved.
Ambipolar Property of Isolated Hydrogen in Oxide Materials Revealed by Muon
Creators: name: Hiraishi, M.
name: Okabe, H.
name: Koda, A.
name: Kadono, R.
name: Hosono, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The study on the electronic state of muon as pseudo-hydrogen (represented by the elemental symbol Mu) has long been appreciated as one of the few methods to experimentally access the electronic state of dilute hydrogen (H) in semiconductors and dielectrics. Meanwhile, theoretical predictions on the electronic state of H in these materials by first-principles calculations using density functional theory (DFT) do not always agree with the observed states of Mu, standing as an obstacle to integrating the findings of both Mu and H. In this paper, we provide resolution to this problem by a semi-quantitative model that enables systematic understanding of the electronic states of Mu in most oxides.
description: 21 pages, 10 figres
Exact Instanton Expansion of Superconformal Chern-Simons Theories from Topological Strings
Creators: name: Moriyama, Sanefumi
name: Nosaka, Tomoki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It was known that the ABJM matrix model is dual to the topological string theory on a Calabi-Yau manifold. Using this relation it was possible to write down the exact instanton expansion of the partition function of the ABJM matrix model. The expression consists of a universal function constructed from the free energy of the refined topological string theory with an overall topological invariant characterizing the Calabi-Yau manifold. In this paper we explore two other superconformal Chern-Simons theories of the circular quiver type. We find that the partition function of one theory enjoys the same expression from the refined topological string theory as the ABJM matrix model with different topological invariants while that of the other is more general. We also observe an unexpected relation between these two theories.
description: 35 pages, 1 figure; v2: section 3.3 added, references added
SSHOC Online Information Sessions: 3rd -Introduction to CESSDA Vocabulary Service - Use Case Swedish National Data Service in its metadata editor
Creators: name: Marberg, Johan Fihn
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: In this information session, you will learn about the CESSDA Vocabulary Service that enables users to discover, browse and download controlled vocabularies in a variety of languages. The service is provided by the Consortium of European Social Science Data Archives (CESSDA). The majority of the source (English) vocabularies included in the service have been created by the DDI Alliance. The Data Documentation Initiative (DDI) is an international standard for describing data produced by surveys and other observational methods in the social, behavioural, economic, and health sciences. Use Case 2: How CESSDA Vocab Service content is used by the Swedish National Data Service in its metadata editor - Johan Fihn Marberg - Swedish National Data Service (SND)
Spatial and color hallucinations in a mathematical model of primary visual cortex
Creators: name: Faugeras, Olivier D.
name: Song, Anna
name: Veltz, Romain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 37L10, 35B06, 35B32, 35G25, 37M20, 45B05, 45K05, 46E35, 47G20, 47H30, 65J15, 65R0, 9208, 9210, 92B20

description: We study a simplified model of the representation of colors in the primate primary cortical visual area V1. The model is described by an initial value problem related to a Hammerstein equation. The solutions to this problem represent the variation of the activity of populations of neurons in V1 as a function of space and color. The two space variables describe the spatial extent of the cortex while the two color variables describe the hue and the saturation represented at every location in the cortex. We prove the well-posedness of the initial value problem. We focus on its stationary, i.e. independent of time, and periodic in space solutions. We show that the model equation is equivariant with respect to the direct product G of the group of the Euclidean transformations of the planar lattice determined by the spatial periodicity and the group of color transformations, isomorphic to O(2), and study the equivariant bifurcations of its stationary solutions when some parameters in the model vary. Their variations may be caused by the consumption of drugs and the bifurcated solutions may represent visual hallucinations in space and color. Some of the bifurcated solutions can be determined by applying the Equivariant Branching Lemma (EBL) by determining the axial subgroups of G . These define bifurcated solutions which are invariant under the action of the corresponding axial subgroup. We compute analytically these solutions and illustrate them as color images. Using advanced methods of numerical bifurcation analysis we then explore the persistence and stability of these solutions when varying some parameters in the model. We conjecture that we can rely on the EBL to predict the existence of patterns that survive in large parameter domains but not to predict their stability. On our way we discover the existence of spatially localized stable patterns through the phenomenon of "snaking".
description: 30 pages, 12 figures
Remote teaching, self-resilience, stress, professional efficacy, and subjective health among Israeli PE teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic
Creators: name: Amotz, Ronit Ben
name: Green, Gizell
name: Joseph, Gili
name: Levi, Sharon
name: Manor, Niva
name: NG, KWOK
name: Barak, Sharon
name: Hutzler, Yeshayahu
name: Tesler, Riki
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Education

description: This study investigated demographic factors, teaching characteristics, psychological characteristics, school-related characteristics, professional efficacy, and subjective health perceptions among PE teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a cross-sectional research design. Questionnaires were distributed to PE teachers online during COVID-19 closures. PE teachers (N = 757) from elementary, middle, and high schools in Israel voluntary completed surveys on the topics of stress levels, self-resilience, remote teaching, professional efficacy, and subjective health perception. Sex, remote-teaching experience and clear remote school policy significantly predicted professional efficacy. Sex, teaching experience and self-resilience significantly predicted subjective health perception. This study demonstrated the need for a clear remote policy, as it likely empowers teacher professional efficacy. Transparent procedures and guidelines, along with clarifying remote policies by a supportive administration, are important for the professional efficacy of PE teachers. In addition, educational programs that are aimed at developing and strengthening the values of a healthy, positive, and balanced lifestyle are important to subjective health perception among PE teachers.
First Infrared-based implications for the dust attenuation and star formation of typical Ly$α$ emitters
Creators: name: Kusakabe, Haruka
name: Shimasaku, Kazuhiro
name: Nakajima, Kimihiko
name: Ouchi, Masami
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By stacking publicly available deep Spitzer/MIPS 24 $μ$m and Herschel/PACS images for 213 $z \simeq 2.18$ Ly$α$ Emitters (LAEs) in GOODS-South, we obtain a strong upper limit to the IR luminosity of typical LAEs and discuss their attenuation curve for the first time. The $3σ$ upper limit $L_{\rm TIR}^{3σ}= 1.1 \times 10^{10} L_\odot$, determined from the MIPS data providing the lowest limit, gives $IRX \equiv L_{\rm TIR}/L_{\rm UV} \leq 2.2$. Here we assume that the local calibration between the 8 $μ$m emission and the dust SED shape and metallicity applies at high redshifts and that our LAEs have low metallicities as suggested by previous studies. The inferred escape fractions of Ly$α$, $16$--$37%$, and UV continuum, $\ge 44%$, are higher than the cosmic averages at the same epoch. The SMC attenuation curve is consistent with the IRX and the UV slope $β= -1.4^{+0.2}_{-0.2}$ of our stacked LAE, while the Meurer's relation (Calzetti curve) predicts a 3.8 times higher IRX; we also discuss the validity of PACS-based $L_{\rm TIR}^{3σ}$ allowing the Meurer's relation. SED fitting using the Calzetti curve also gives a $\sim 10$ times higher SFR than from the $L_{\rm TIR}^{3σ}$ and $L_{\rm UV}$. With $M_{\star}=6.3^{+0.8}_{-2.0} \times10^8 \mathrm{M_{\odot}}$, our LAEs lie on a lower-mass extrapolation of the star formation main sequence at $z \sim 2$, suggesting that the majority of $z \sim 2$ LAEs are mildly star forming with relatively old ages of $\sim 200$ Myr. The faint $L_{\rm TIR}^{3σ}$ implies that LAEs contribute little to the faint ($\gtrsim 100 μ$Jy) submm number counts by ALMA.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, accepted to ApJL (added some discussions and then removed the conclusion section)
A Riemann-von Mangoldt-type formula for the distribution of Beurling primes
Creators: name: Révész, Szilárd Gy.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11M41

description: In this paper we work out a Riemann-von Mangoldt type formula for the summatory function $ψ(x):=\sum_{g\in G, |g|\le x} Λ_{G}(g)$, where $G$ is an arithmetical semigroup (a Beurling generalized system of integers) and $Λ_{G}$ is the corresponding von Mangoldt function attaining $\log|p|$ for $g=p^k$ with a prime element $p\in G$ and zero otherwise. On the way towards this formula, we prove explicit estimates on the Beurling zeta function $ζ_{G}$, belonging to $G$, to the number of zeroes of $ζ_G$ in various regions, in particular within the critical strip where the analytic continuation exists, and to the magnitude of the logarithmic derivative of $ζ_G$, under the sole additional assumption that Knopfmacher's Axiom A is satisfied. We also construct a technically useful broken line contour to which the technic of integral transformation can be well applied. The whole work serves as a first step towards a further study of the distribution of zeros of the Beurling zeta function, providing appropriate zero density and zero clustering estimates, to be presented in the continuation of this paper.
description: to appear in Mathematica Pannonica. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2012.09045
Strongly Interacting Quantum Gases in One-Dimensional Traps
Creators: name: Yang, Li
name: Guan, Liming
name: Pu, Han
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Under the second-order degenerate perturbation theory, we show that the physics of $N$ particles with arbitrary spin confined in a one dimensional trap in the strongly interacting regime can be described by super-exchange interaction. An effective spin-chain Hamiltonian (non-translational-invariant Sutherland model) can be constructed from this procedure. For spin-1/2 particles, this model reduces to the non-translational-invariant Heisenberg model, where a transition between Heisenberg anti-ferromagnetic (AFM) and ferromagnetic (FM) states is expected to occur when the interaction strength is tuned from the strongly repulsive to the strongly attractive limit. We show that the FM and the AFM states can be distinguished in two different methods: the first is based on their distinct response to a spin-dependent magnetic gradient, and the second is based on their distinct momentum distribution. We confirm the validity of the spin-chain model by comparison with results obtained from several unbiased techniques
description: 14 pages, 7 figures
SSHOC Online Information Sessions: 3rd -Introduction to CESSDA Vocabulary Service - Use Case Archives for translation
Creators: name: Jääskeläinen, Taina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: In this information session, you will learn about the CESSDA Vocabulary Service that enables users to discover, browse and download controlled vocabularies in a variety of languages. The service is provided by the Consortium of European Social Science Data Archives (CESSDA). The majority of the source (English) vocabularies included in the service have been created by the DDI Alliance. The Data Documentation Initiative (DDI) is an international standard for describing data produced by surveys and other observational methods in the social, behavioural, economic, and health sciences. Introduction to CESSDA Vocabulary Service & Use Case 1: How CESSDA Vocab Service is used by archives for translation - Taina Jääskeläinen - Finnish Social Science Data Archive, Tampere University
Astrophysical implications of the proton-proton cross section updates
Creators: name: Tognelli, E.
name: Degl'Innocenti, S.
name: Marcucci, L. E.
name: Moroni, P. G. Prada
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The p(p,e^+ ν_e)^2H reaction rate is an essential ingredient for theoretical computations of stellar models. In the past several values of the corresponding S-factor have been made available by different authors. Prompted by a recent evaluation of S(E), we analysed the effect of the adoption of different proton-proton reaction rates on stellar models, focusing, in particular, on the age of mid and old stellar clusters (1-12 Gyr) and on standard solar model predictions. By comparing different widely adopted p(p,e^+ ν_e)^2H reaction rates, we found a maximum difference in the temperature regimes typical of main sequence hydrogen-burning stars (5x10^6 - 3x10^7 K) of about 3%. Such a variation translates into a change of cluster age determination lower than 1%. A slightly larger effect is observed in the predicted solar neutrino fluxes with a maximum difference, in the worst case, of about 8%. Finally we also notice that the uncertainty evaluation of the present proton-proton rate is at the level of few \permil, thus the p(p,e^+ ν_e)^2H reaction rate does not constitute anymore a significant uncertainty source in stellar models.
description: accepted
Calibrating DFT formation enthalpy calculations by multi-fidelity machine learning
Creators: name: Gong, Sheng
name: Wang, Shuo
name: Xie, Tian
name: Chae, Woo Hyun
name: Liu, Runze
name: Grossman, Jeffrey C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Machine learning materials properties measured by experiments is valuable yet difficult due to the limited amount of experimental data. In this work, we use a multi-fidelity random forest model to learn the experimental formation enthalpy of materials with prediction accuracy higher than the empirically corrected PBE functional (PBEfe) and meta-GGA functional (SCAN), and it outperforms the hotly studied deep neural-network based representation learning and transfer learning. We then use the model to calibrate the DFT formation enthalpy in the Materials Project database, and discover materials with underestimated stability. The multi-fidelity model is also used as a data-mining approach to find how DFT deviates from experiments by the explaining the model output.
Rovnoleptochromus ableptonoides Jałoszyński & Perkovsky, 2016, sp. n.
Creators: name: Jałoszyński, Paweł
name: Perkovsky, Evgeny
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Rovnoleptochromus
Rovnoleptochromus ableptonoides

description: † Rovnoleptochromus ableptonoides sp. n.
(Figs 1, 39–48)
Type material. Holotype: Late Eocene of Europe, Rovno amber: sex unknown; inclusion in elongate, L-shaped piece of amber 17 mm long (Fig. 1), collection number K-27418 (SIZK).
Diagnosis. This is the only species of Rovnoleptochromus and can be identified on the basis of the generic diagnosis.
Description. Body (Figs 39–42, 44–45, 47–48) strongly elongate and flatten, dark brown; BL 2.10 mm.
Head (Figs 43, 46, 48) broadest at large eyes, HL 0.35 mm, HW 0.38 mm; vertex and frons seem confluent (but dorsally poorly visible); tempora longer than eyes; supraantennal tubercles indistinct. Punctures on head unclear, setae only partly visible (Fig. 46), sparse, moderately long and erect. Antennae (Figs 39–46, 48) long and slender, AnL about 0.98 mm, scape longer than antennomeres II–IV combined, pedicel less than half as long as scape, distinctly longer than antennomere III, all antennomeres elongate, flagellomeres sparsely covered with very long and suberect setae (Figs 44, 46).
Pronotum (Figs 41, 47) partly distorted; PL 0.53 mm, PW 0.44 mm; pronotal disc broadest near anterior fifth and strongly narrowing posteriorly; anterior pronotal margin broadly rounded, laterally confluent with lateral margins, sides strongly rounded in anterior third, subparallel in posterior third. Punctures on disc (Fig. 47) small but distinct, separated by spaces about as wide as two diameters of puncture; setae (Fig. 47) sparse, short and suberect.
Elytra (Figs 39–41, 44–45, 47) elongate oval, strongly flattened; EL 1,23 mm, EW 0.50 mm, EI 2.45; humeri weakly marked, sides of elytra nearly parallel in anterior third, weakly convergent posteriorly behind middle, rounded at apices; dorsal rows of pits distinct and deep, intervals between striae with 2–3 irregular rows of short suberect setae (Figs 44, 47). Hind wings present.
Legs (Figs 39–40, 42, 44–45, 48) long and slender.
Etymology. The name ableptonoides was chosen to underline the significance of the median metaventral longitudinal carina, a character that Rovnoleptochromus shares with Ablepton and for the first time found in another genus of Mastigitae.
description: Published as part of Jałoszyński, Paweł & Perkovsky, Evgeny, 2016, Diversity of Scydmaeninae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in Upper Eocene Rovno amber, pp. 1-85 in Zootaxa 4157 (1) on pages 16-17, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4157.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/262413
Discrete time-crystalline response stabilized by domain-wall confinement
Creators: name: Collura, Mario
name: De Luca, Andrea
name: Rossini, Davide
name: Lerose, Alessio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Discrete time crystals represent a paradigmatic nonequilibrium phase of periodically driven matter. Protecting its emergent spatiotemporal order necessitates a mechanism that hinders the spreading of defects, such as localization of domain walls in disordered quantum spin chains. In this work, we establish the effectiveness of a different mechanism arising in clean spin chains: the confinement of domain walls into ``mesonic'' bound states. We consider translationally invariant quantum Ising chains periodically kicked at arbitrary frequency, and discuss two possible routes to domain-wall confinement: longitudinal fields and interactions beyond nearest neighbors. We study the impact of confinement on the order parameter evolution by constructing domain-wall-conserving effective Hamiltonians and analyzing the resulting dynamics of domain walls. On the one hand, we show that for arbitrary driving frequency the symmetry-breaking-induced confining potential gets effectively averaged out by the drive, leading to deconfined dynamics. On the other hand, we rigorously prove that increasing the range $R$ of spin-spin interactions $J_{i,j}$ beyond nearest neighbors enhances the order-parameter lifetime \textit{exponentially} in $R$. Our theory predictions are corroborated by a combination of exact and matrix-product-state simulations for finite and infinite chains, respectively. The long-lived stability of spatiotemporal order identified in this work does not rely on Floquet prethermalization nor on eigenstate order, but rather on the nonperturbative origin of vacuum-decay processes. We point out the experimental relevance of this new mechanism for stabilizing a long-lived time-crystalline response in Rydberg-dressed spin chains.
description: 24+9 pages, 16 figures. v3: Final version accepted in Phys. Rev. X
Star Formation Histories of Low-Redshift Green Valley Galaxies
Creators: name: Benac, Peyton
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Green Valley Galaxies
subject: Star Formation
subject: Astro 98
subject: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1569
subject: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/683

description: In between the conventional categories of quiescent red-sequence galaxies and star-forming blue-cloud galaxies, there is a third group of galaxies that inhabit a region on the color-magnitude diagram known as the green valley. Quantifying the star formation histories of galaxies in the green valley allows us to make inferences about their evolutionary tracks. In this paper we use spectral energy distribution fitting to measure non-parametric star formation histories and other key parameters that quantify a galaxy's current star formation. We make use of data from the GALEX-SDSS-WISE Legacy Catalog, and select galaxies that also have spatially-resolved spectroscopic data from SDSS/MaNGA to enable further analysis of where star formation is taking place within these galaxies. We compare classifications by color to classifications by the specific star formation rate to test the accuracy of color as an indicator of star formation. Among the green valley galaxies, we find that 28% are quiescent, 49% are transitional, and 23% are actively star-forming.
description: Astro 98
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Spectroscopy of Twisted Bilayer Graphene Correlated Insulators
Creators: name: Călugăru, Dumitru
name: Regnault, Nicolas
name: Oh, Myungchul
name: Nuckolls, Kevin P.
name: Wong, Dillon
name: Lee, Ryan L.
name: Yazdani, Ali
name: Vafek, Oskar
name: Bernevig, B. Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analytically compute the scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) signatures of integer-filled correlated ground states of the magic angle twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) narrow bands. After experimentally validating the strong-coupling approach at $\pm 4$ electrons/moiré unit cell, we consider the spatial features of the STM signal for 14 different many-body correlated states and assess the possibility of Kekulé distortion (KD) emerging at the graphene lattice scale. Remarkably, we find that coupling the two opposite graphene valleys in the intervalley-coherent (IVC) TBG insulators does not always result in KD. As an example, we show that the Kramers IVC state and its nonchiral $\mathrm{U} \left( 4 \right)$ rotations do not exhibit any KD, while the time-reversal-symmetric IVC state does. Our results, obtained over a large range of energies and model parameters, show that the STM signal and Chern number of a state can be used to uniquely determine the nature of the TBG ground state.
description: 8+80 pages, 2+65 figures. New version matches the published version
Using primer-ID deep sequencing to detect recent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection
Creators: name: Swanstrom, R.
name: Potempa, M.
name: Learner, E.
name: Zhou, S.
name: Dennis, A.M.
name: Eron, J.J.
name: Sellers, C.J.
name: Miller, W.C.
name: Cohen, M.S.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2018

description: Intrahost viral sequence diversity can be evaluated over multiple genomic regions using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and scaled to population-level diversity to identify recent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Using Primer-ID NGS, we sequenced the reverse transcriptase (RT) and env V1-V3 regions from persons with known infection dates, and assessed the mean (π) and first quintile of pairwise diversity distributions over time. The receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (AUC) of RT and V1-V3 combined showed excellent discrimination of recent infection <9 months: using π (only single transmitted variants: AUC, 0.98; threshold <1.03%; sensitivity, 97%; specificity, 89%) and the first quintile (including all variants: AUC, 0.90; threshold <0.60%; sensitivity, 91%; specificity, 92%). © The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.
Superdense beaming of axion dark matter in the vicinity of the light cylinder of pulsars
Creators: name: De Miguel, Javier
name: Otani, Chiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article we treat the non-adiabatic photon-to-axion resonant conversion of curvature radiation, synchrotron emission and inverse Compton scattering dominating the spectral density function of pulsars. First, we introduce emission models and benchmark observational data.vWe adopt a state-of-the-art density profile that relieves tension with the quantum electrodynamics vacuum polarization effect in highly magnetic stars, leading to efficient mixing. Then, we estimate the dark matter flux induced by photon-axion oscillation across the light cylinder of the neutron star. We find that pulsars might produce axion overdensities many orders of magnitude over the occupation number of dark matter in the Galactic halo within a broad parameter space. We point out possible new methods for axion detection derived from these results and other future lines of work.
description: 15pp., 4 figs; as accepted for publication in JCAP
Conformally Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker cosmologies
Creators: name: Visser, Matt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a universe where, according to the standard cosmological models, some 97% of the total mass-energy is still "missing in action" it behooves us to spend at least a little effort critically assessing and exploring radical alternatives. Among possible, (dare we say plausible), nonstandard but superficially viable models, those spacetimes conformal to the standard Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker class of cosmological models play a very special role --- these models have the unique and important property of permitting large non-perturbative geometric deviations from Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker cosmology without unacceptably distorting the cosmic microwave background. Performing a "cosmographic" analysis, (that is, temporarily setting aside the Einstein equations, since the question of whether or not the Einstein equations are valid on galactic and cosmological scales is essentially the same question as whether or not dark matter/dark energy actually exist), and using both supernova data and information about galactic structure, one can nevertheless place some quite significant observational constraints on any possible conformal mode --- however there is still an extremely rich range of phenomenological possibilities for both cosmologists and astrophysicists to explore.
description: V1: 17 pages; V2: 20 pages. 5 references added. Additional comments on local conformal flatness. New section and extra comments comparing/contrasting with LTB, Swiss-cheese, and timescape cosmologies. No physics changes. V3: Now 21 pages. 3 references added. Some additional discussion regarding dynamics. No physics changes. This version accepted for publication in Classical and Quantum Gravity
Zum Verhältnis von biblischer Auslegung und historischer Rückfrage
Creators: name: Hieke, Thomas
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 39 Nr. 3 (2010): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 39, Heft 3
Air du Rappel, appartenant au répertoire de la bravade de Saint-Tropez, joué aux fifres de roseau par Fabre père et fils
Creators: name: Musée National Des Arts Et Traditions Populaires (Paris)
name: Centre D'ethnologie Française
Publisher: name: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales; Institut  interdisciplinaire d'anthropologie du contemporain (Paris); Laboratoire d'anthropologie et d'histoire de l'institution de la culture (Paris)
Year: 2024

Abstract
HIV-1 Protease Uses Bi-Specific S2/S2′ Subsites to Optimize Cleavage of Two Classes of Target Sites
Creators: name: Lee, S.-K.
name: Rogers, A.
name: Nalivaika, E.A.
name: Carter, C.W., Jr
name: Swanstrom, R.
name: Schiffer, C.A.
name: Spielvogel, E.
name: Kurt Yilmaz, N.
name: Potempa, M.
Publisher: name: Academic Press
Year: 2018

description: Retroviral proteases (PRs) have a unique specificity that allows cleavage of sites with or without a P1′ proline. A P1′ proline is required at the MA/CA cleavage site due to its role in a post-cleavage conformational change in the capsid protein. However, the HIV-1 PR prefers to have large hydrophobic amino acids flanking the scissile bond, suggesting that PR recognizes two different classes of substrate sequences. We analyzed the cleavage rate of over 150 combinations of six different HIV-1 cleavage sites to explore rate determinants of cleavage. We found that cleavage rates are strongly influenced by the two amino acids flanking the amino acids at the scissile bond (P2–P1/P1′–P2′), with two complementary sets of rules. When P1′ is proline, the P2 side chain interacts with a polar region in the S2 subsite of the PR, while the P2′ amino acid interacts with a hydrophobic region of the S2′ subsite. When P1′ is not proline, the orientations of the P2 and P2′ side chains with respect to the scissile bond are reversed; P2 residues interact with a hydrophobic face of the S2 subsite, while the P2′ amino acid usually engages hydrophilic amino acids in the S2′ subsite. These results reveal that the HIV-1 PR has evolved bi-functional S2 and S2′ subsites to accommodate the steric effects imposed by a P1′ proline on the orientation of P2 and P2′ substrate side chains. These results also suggest a new strategy for inhibitor design to engage the multiple specificities in these subsites. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd
An Edge-On Orbit for the Eccentric Long-Period Planet HR 5183 b
Creators: name: Venner, Alexander
name: Pearce, Logan A.
name: Vanderburg, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The long-period giant planet HR 5183 b has one of the most extreme orbits among exoplanets known to date, and represents a test for models of their dynamical evolution. In this work we use Hipparcos-Gaia astrometry to measure the orbital inclination of this planet for the first time and find $i=89.9^{+13.3\circ}_{-13.5}$, fully consistent with edge-on. The long orbital period and high eccentricity of HR 5183 b are supported by our results, with $P=102^{+84}_{-34}$ years and $e=0.87 \pm 0.04$. We confirm that HR 5183 forms a physically bound binary with HIP 67291 at a projected separation of 15400 AU, and derive new constraints on the orbit of this pair. We combine these results to measure the mutual inclination between the planetary and binary orbits; we observe significant evidence for misalignment, which remains even after accounting for bias of the prior towards high mutual inclinations. However, our results are too imprecise to evaluate a recent prediction that the mutual inclination should reflect the formation history of HR 5183 b. Further observations, especially the release of the full Gaia astrometric data, will allow for improved constraints on the planet-binary mutual inclination. $52 \pm 16\%$ of known planets with eccentricities $e\geq 0.8$ are found in multiple star systems, a rate that we find to be greater than for the overall planet population to moderate significance ($p=0.0075$). This supports the hypothesis that dynamical interactions with wide stellar companions plays an important role in the formation of highly eccentric exoplanets.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures, 6 tables. Published in MNRAS. Significant revisions compared to version 1
"Rübergetragen alles Geweinte"
Creators: name: Tück, Jan-Heiner
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 39 Nr. 2 (2010): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 39, Heft 2
Air de la Charge, appartenant au répertoire de la bravade de Saint-Tropez, joué aux fifres de roseau par Fabre père et fils
Creators: name: Musée National Des Arts Et Traditions Populaires (Paris)
name: Centre D'ethnologie Française
Publisher: name: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales; Institut  interdisciplinaire d'anthropologie du contemporain (Paris); Laboratoire d'anthropologie et d'histoire de l'institution de la culture (Paris)
Year: 2024

Abstract
Every interacting double white dwarf binary may merge
Creators: name: Shen, Ken J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interacting double white dwarf binaries can give rise to a wide variety of astrophysical outcomes ranging from faint thermonuclear and Type Ia supernovae to the formation of neutron stars and stably accreting AM Canum Venaticorum systems. One key factor affecting the final outcome is whether mass transfer remains dynamically stable or instead diverges, leading to the tidal disruption of the donor and the merger of the binary. It is typically thought that for low ratios of the donor mass to the accretor mass, mass transfer remains stable, especially if accretion occurs via a disk. In this Letter, we examine low mass ratio double white dwarf binaries and find that the initial phase of hydrogen-rich mass transfer leads to a classical nova-like outburst on the accretor. Dynamical friction within the expanding nova shell shrinks the orbit and causes the mass transfer rate to increase dramatically above the accretor's Eddington limit, possibly resulting in a binary merger. If the binary survives the first hydrogen-rich nova outbursts, dynamical friction within the subsequent helium-powered nova shells pushes the system even more strongly towards merger. While further calculations are necessary to confirm this outcome for the entire range of binaries previously thought to be dynamically stable, it appears likely that most, if not all, interacting double white dwarf binaries will merge during the course of their evolution.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJL. Changed fiducial examples from previous version, resulting in some qualitative changes, but overall conclusions remain the same
Impacts of Jets and Winds From Primordial Black Holes
Creators: name: Takhistov, Volodymyr
name: Lu, Philip
name: Murase, Kohta
name: Inoue, Yoshiyuki
name: Gelmini, Graciela B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Primordial black holes (PBHs) formed in the early Universe constitute an attractive candidate for dark matter. Within the gaseous environment of the interstellar medium, PBHs with accretion disks naturally launch outflows such as winds and jets. PBHs with significant spin can sustain powerful relativistic jets and generate associated cocoons. Jets and winds can efficiently deposit their kinetic energies and heat the surrounding gas through shocks. Focusing on the Leo T dwarf galaxy, we demonstrate that these considerations can provide novel tests of PBHs over a significant $\sim 10^{-2} M_{\odot} - 10^6 M_{\odot}$ mass range, including the parameter space associated with gravitational wave observations by the LIGO and VIRGO Collaborations. Observing the morphology of emission could allow to distinguish between jet and wind contributions, and hence indirectly detect spinning PBHs.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Large photogalvanic spin current by magnetic resonance in bilayer Cr trihalides
Creators: name: Ishizuka, Hiroaki
name: Sato, Masahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic materials show rich optical responses related to the magnetic order. These phenomena reflect the nature of their excitations, providing a powerful probe for the magnetic states and a way to control them. In recent years, such studies were extended to the optical control of spin current using nonlinear optical response similar to the photogalvanic effect. However, neither a candidate material nor a general formula for calculating the photogalvanic spin current is known so far. In this work, we develop a general theory for the photogalvanic spin current through a magnetic resonance process. Using the nonlinear response formalism, we find the nonlinear conductivity consists of two contributions that involve one and two magnon bands; the latter is a contribution unknown to date. We argue that the two-band process produces a large photogalvanic spin current in the antiferromagnetic phase of bilayer CrI$_3$ and CrBr$_3$, whose resonance frequency can be tuned between GHz-THz range by an external magnetic field. Our findings open a route to the studies on the photogalvanic effect of spin angular momentum in realistic setups.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Hans Urs von Balthasars Auseinandersetzung mit Paul Häberlin
Creators: name: Luczak-Wild, Jeannine
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 39 Nr. 2 (2010): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 39, Heft 2
Evolutionary pathways to NS5A inhibitor resistance in genotype 1 hepatitis C virus
Creators: name: Asante-Appiah, E.
name: Zhou, S.
name: Williford, S.E.
name: Howe, A.Y.M.
name: McGivern, D.R.
name: Hu, F.
name: Burch, C.L.
name: Swanstrom, R.
name: Lemon, S.M.
name: Benzine, T.
name: Ingravallo, P.
Publisher: name: Elsevier B.V.
Year: 2018

description: Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) targeting NS5A are broadly effective against hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, but sustained virological response rates are generally lower in patients infected with genotype (gt)-1a than gt-1b viruses. The explanation for this remains uncertain. Here, we adopted a highly accurate, ultra-deep primer ID sequencing approach to intensively study serial changes in the NS5A-coding region of HCV in gt-1a- and gt-1b-infected subjects receiving a short course of monotherapy with the NS5A inhibitor, elbasvir. Low or undetectable levels of viremia precluded on-treatment analysis in gt-1b-infected subjects, but variants with the resistance-associated substitution (RAS) Y93H in NS5A dominated rebounding virus populations following cessation of treatment. These variants persisted until the end of the study, two months later. In contrast, while Y93H emerged in multiple lineages and became dominant in subjects with gt-1a virus, these haplotypes rapidly decreased in frequency off therapy. Substitutions at Q30 and L31 emerged in distinctly independent lineages at later time points, ultimately coming to dominate the virus population off therapy. Consistent with this, cell culture studies with gt-1a and gt-1b reporter viruses and replicons demonstrated that Y93H confers a much greater loss of replicative fitness in gt-1a than gt-1b virus, and that L31M/V both compensates for the loss of fitness associated with Q30R (but not Y93H) and also boosts drug resistance. These observations show how differences in the impact of RASs on drug resistance and replicative fitness influence the evolution of gt-1a and gt-1b viruses during monotherapy with an antiviral targeting NS5A. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.
On the Abundance of Extreme Voids
Creators: name: Chongchitnan, Sirichai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmic voids have been shown to be an effective probe of cosmology, complementary to galaxy clusters. In this work, we present a simple theoretical framework for predicting of the size of the largest voids expected within a given redshift and volume. Our model is based on the exact extreme-value statistics which has previously been successfully applied to massive galaxy clusters. We implement our formalism using the void-abundance models and compare the extreme-void predictions to simulations and observations. We find that the simplest void models can only explain the extreme-void abundance with ad hoc parameter adjustments. We argue that extreme-void distributions should be used as an additional test on theories of void abundance.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures. Comparison with data much improved