The Fundamental Nuclear "Plasma Fusion Equation"
Creators: name: Vegt, Wim
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 510602
subject: Plasma physics; fusion plasmas; electrical discharges
classificationCode: 510601
subject: Nuclear physics
classificationCode: 510799
subject: Particle and high energy physics not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 510106
subject: High energy astrophysics and galactic cosmic rays

description: Nuclear fusion represents the border area (nuclear plasma) between the material world (infusion of Deuterium) and the energy world (microwave heating). Existing theories to describe these material-energy interactions are far from the required necessary theoretical physics to realize stable nuclear fusion processes inside confinements like the Tokamak. The only possibility to describe these complex interaction processes correctly is to develop a new theory in physics which describes the electro-magnetic-gravitational force density interactions (expressed in N/m3) (equation 8) with the mechanical force density interactions (expressed in N/m3) being presented by the Navier-Stokes equation for compressible nuclear plasmas [41]. The new theory, describing electro-magnetic-gravitational-acceleration force density interactions (expressed in N/m3), has been discussed at astronomical levels: Gravitational RedShift, Black Holes and Dark Matter and at sub-atomic levels: The absorption and emission of light at sub-atomic levels in concentric spheres by an atom at discrete energy levels. Evidence will be demonstrated about the correctness of this new electro-dynamic theory which represents the only theory which connects electro-dynamics in a correct way with plasma-dynamics. In general the gravitational (acceleration) force densities, originating from rotation and linear accelerations, are being ignored but with nuclear fusion processes these gravitational (acceleration) forces become fundamental and are necessary to develop a stable nuclear fusion process. Differently than in General Relativity, the electro-magnetic-gravitational-acceleration force density interactions (expressed in N/m3) [35] fundamentally has been based on the divergence of the sum of the “Stress Energy Tensor” and the introduced “Gravitational-Acceleration” Tensor. The theory describes “Gravitational-Acceleration-Electromagnetic” Interaction resulting in a mathematical Tensor presentation for BLACK HOLEs. (Gravitational Electromagnetic Confinements) [1] The “Electromagnetic Energy Gradient” creates a second order effect “Lorentz Transformation” which results in the Gravitational Field of BLACK HOLEs which determines the interaction force density between the confinement of Light (BLACK HOLE’s) and the “Gravitational-Acceleration” Field. Einstein approached the interaction between gravity and light by the introduction of the “Einstein Gravitational Constant” in the 4-dimensional Energy-Stress Tensor (1). In this alternative approach related to General Relativity, the interaction between gravity and light has been presented by the sum of the Electromagnetic Tensor and the “Gravitational-Acceleration” Tensor (2) . The new theory describes the impact of "CURL" [38] within the gravitational fields around Black Holes and the impact on Gravitational Lensing. Gravitational "CURL" (Equation 6) is an effect which cannot be explained and calculated by General Relativity. The new approach presents mathematical solutions for the BLACK HOLEs (Gravitational Electromagnetic Interaction) introduced in 1955 by Jonh Archibald Wheeler in the publication in Physical Review Letters in 1955 [1]. The mathematical solutions for BLACK HOLEs are fundamental solutions for the relativistic quantum mechanical Dirac equation (Quantum Physics) in Tensor presentation (41). Assuming a constant speed of light “c” and Planck’s constant ħ within the BLACK HOLE, the radius “R” of the BLACK HOLE with the energy of a proton, is about 1% of the radius of the hydrogen atom (14). The New Theory has been tested in an experiment with 2 Galileo Satellites and a Ground Station by measuring the Gravitational RedShift in an by the Ground Station emitted stable MASER frequency [2]. The difference between the calculation for Gravitational RedShift, within the Gravitational Field of the Earth, in “General Relativity” and the “New Theory” is smaller than 10-16 (12) and (13). In all “General Redshift Experiments” “General Relativity” and the New Electrodynamic-Gravitational-Acceleration” Theory predict a Gravitational RedShift with a difference smaller than 15 digits beyond the decimal point which is beyond the accuracy of modern “Gravitational Redshift” observations. Both values are always within the measured Gravitational RedShift in all observations being published since the first observation of the gravitational redshift in the spectral lines from the White Dwarf which was the measurement of the shift of the star Sirius B, the white dwarf companion to the star Sirius, by W.S. Adams in 1925 at Mt. Wilson Observatory. Theories which unify Quantum Physics and General Relativity [32], like “String Theory”, predict the non-constancy of natural constants. Accurate observations of the NASA Messenger [11] observe in time a value for the gravitational constant “G” which constrains until ( G' /G to be &lt; 4 × 10-14 per year) . One of the characteristics of the New Theory is the “Constant Value” in time for the Gravitational Constant “G” in unifying General Relativity and Quantum Physics.