cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
With a Little Help from my Enemy: Comparative Advertising
Creators: name: Barigozzi, Francesca
name: Garella, Paolo G.
name: Peitz, Martin
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2002
Subjects: SECS-P/01 Economia politica

description: Comparative advertising content differs from generic. We discover that dissipative advertising has consequences depending upon content and cost. Comparison advertising may trigger legal action by rival firms that are named. In the model an entrant signals its product quality. By a comparative ad the entrant refers to the incumbent’s product. We show that comparison can enhance the signaling potential of dissipative advertising. From the viewpoint of the entrant, the choice of comparative advertising empowers the rival with the right to sue; generic does not. Consumers therefore infer that if the entrant uses comparative instead of generic ads it has a strong case.
Aiuto esterno e strategia di sviluppo: quali errori hanno impedito il raggiungimento degli obiettivi prefissati in termini di sviluppo e riduzione della poverta’?
Creators: name: Valmori, Simona
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2003
Subjects: SECS-P/06 Economia applicata

description: Negli anni ’90 si è verificato un progressivo trend discendente dell’assistenza ufficiale allo sviluppo, conseguenza di una sorta di "affaticamento" da aiuto diffusasi tra i paesi del Nord 1 . Il dibattito sull’efficacia degli aiuti ha registrato l’intervento di posizioni molto diverse tra loro, mentre le ricerche econometriche utilizzate hanno portato a risultati contradditori; nonostante ciò, l’evidenza dell’analisi cross country mostra che in media i successi hanno pesato più dei fallimenti, quindi si può affermare che l’aiuto ha funzionato bene. Come si spiega allora la drammatica situazione che metà della popolazione mondiale sta vivendo? Come mai il bilancio di vent’anni di aggiustamento è così negativo, e la comunità internazionale non è in grado di mantenere gli obiettivi fissati all’interno della strategia di riduzione della povertà decisa nelle sedi istituzionali? Attraverso l’analisi dei dati e dei documenti di valutazione delle istituzioni internazionali, si giunge alla conclusione che è mancato un reale impegno da parte dei paesi del Nord e della comunità internazionale ad affrontare il fenomeno della povertà mondiale, nonché la disponibilità all’erogazione delle risorse necessarie, mentre le strategie elaborate sono state fortemente insufficienti e inadeguate rispetto all’obiettivo a lungo termine di sradicamento della povertà. La posizione espressa dal Genoa Non Governmental Iniziative è molto netta: è necessario affrontare in modo urgente il problema con una strategia che consideri prioritario l’obiettivo di medio termine di riduzione della povertà, definita ed implementata dai paesi del Sud con l’aiuto e la collaborazione reale dei paesi del Nord, ma soprattutto è fondamentale rivedere il fenomeno della globalizzazione mondiale, strettamente legato con quello della povertà.
Saving and Investment in Euroland, the EU and the enlarged EU
Creators: name: Rossini, Gianpaolo
name: Zanghieri, Paolo
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2002
Subjects: SECS-P/02 Politica economica

description: The Feldstein-Horioka puzzle has been recently included among the six major puzzles of international economics. It is a paradox that belongs to the large group of home biases that have become stylized facts. We investigate the F-H puzzle according to different definitions of Europe and by introducing a more suitable investment variable that results after netting out FDI. We find that the F-H co¢cient decreases in all cases in whcih we adopt the correct investment definition. Over time we see a decrease of the F-H coe¢cient during the 1980’s and an increase over the 1990’s as a proof that the Maastricht Treaty discipline has made current account targeting biting. This does not happen for opting out and Eastern Europe countries.
Quality Choice, Fixed Costs and Equilibrium in Models of Vertical Differentiation
Creators: name: Alvisi, Matteo
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2000
Subjects: SECS-P/01 Economia politica

description: I provide a full characterization of the quality choice in duopolies with vertical differentiation, without assuming ex-ante if the market is fully covered or not. This will allow to show that covered or uncovered market configurations are endogenous outcomes of firms’ strategic interaction. To this purpose, I assume that firms are characterized by quadratic fixed costs of quality improvements and check whether pure-strategy subgame perfect equilibria with a corner solution always exist. Finally, my results are compared to the quality choice that maximizes the total surplus of the economy. I show that the welfare-maximizing choice of qualities does not have to be found in the same market configuration of the corresponding market equilibrium.
Piracy and Quality Choice in Monopolistic Markets
Creators: name: Alvisi, Matteo
name: Argentesi, Elena
name: Carbonara, Emanuela
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2002
Subjects: SECS-P/01 Economia politica

description: We study the impact of piracy on the quality choices of a monopolist. In the absence of piracy, the monopolist has no incentive to differentiate its products. With piracy the monopolist might instead produce more than one quality, so that differentiation arises as the optimal strategy. This is because the producer wants to divert consumers from the pirated good to the original one. Differentiation involves either producing a new, low-quality good such that piracy is either eliminated or still observed in equilibrium.
Profit Taxation and Capital Accumulation in Dynamic Oligopoly Models
Creators: name: Baldini, Massimo
name: Lambertini, Luca
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2002
Subjects: SECS-P/01 Economia politica

description: We illustrate two differential oligopoly games using, respectively, the capital accumulation dynamics ` a la Solow-Nerlove-Arrow, and the capital accumulation dynamics ` a la Ramsey. In both settings, we evaluate the effects of (gross) profit taxation, proving that there exist tax rates yielding the same steady state social welfare as under social planning. Contrary to the static approach, our dynamic analysis shows that, in general, profit taxation affects firms’ decisions concerning capital accumulation and sales. In particular, it has procompetitive effects provided that the extent of delegation is large enough.
On the time stability of the output-capital ratio
Creators: name: D'Adda, C.
name: Scorcu, A. E.
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2002
Subjects: SECS-P/01 Economia politica

description: This paper is concerned with the role of the output-capital ratio in growth models. In the first part we highlight the behaviour of the output-capital ratio along the balanced growth path in the models of Solow (1956) and Romer (1986). In the second part we assess the stability of the ratio for some industrial countries.
Structure and magnetism of S = 1/2 kagome antiferromagnets NiCu3(OH)6Cl2 and CoCu3(OH)6Cl2
Creators: name: Li, Yue-sheng
name: Zhang, Qing-ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have successfully synthesized S = 1/2 kagome antiferromagnets MCu3(OH)6Cl2 (M = Ni and Co) by hydrothermal method with rotating pressure vessel. Structural characterization shows that both compounds have the similar crystal structure as ZnCu3(OH)6Cl2 with R-3m symmetry. Similar to ZnCu3(OH)6Cl2, the compounds show no obvious hysteresis at 2 K. A spin glass transition is found in both NiCu3(OH)6Cl2 and CoCu3(OH)6Cl2 at low temperatures (6.0 and 3.5 K respectively) by AC susceptibility measurements. It indicates no long-range magnetic order and a strong spin frustration. The substitution of Zn2+ by magnetic ions Ni2+ or Co2+, effectively enhances interlayer exchange coupling and changes the ground state of the kagome spin system.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures and 1 table
Institutions and Wage Determination: a Multi-Country Approach
Creators: name: Nunziata, Luca
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2002
Subjects: SECS-P/06 Economia applicata

description: We present an empirical analysis of the determinants of labour cost in OECD countries, with particular reference to the impact of labour market institutions from 1960 to 1994. The main contribution of the paper is to show that labour market regulations can explain a large part of labour cost rise in OECD countries in the last decades once we control for productivity. These results are consistent with the findings of a companion paper (Nickell et al. ,2001)where the effects of institutions on unemployment are examined. The model controls for macroeconomic shocks, and include the possibility of interactions among institutions. We present also a discussion of the potential problems encountered when estimating a macro pooled model like ours. We focus,among other things,on the hypothesis of poolability and on the cointegration properties of the model,suggesting a two way fixed effects specification in GLS form that corrects for heteroskedasticity and serial correlation.  The explanatory power of the model is finally tested by means of a series of by country dynamic simulations.
What is Double Parton Scattering?
Creators: name: Manohar, Aneesh V.
name: Waalewijn, Wouter J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Processes such as double Drell-Yan and same-sign WW production have contributions from double parton scattering, which are not well-defined because of a delta(z_\perp=0) singularity that is generated by QCD evolution. We study the single and double parton contributions to these processes, and show how to handle the singularity using factorization and operator renormalization. We compute the QCD evolution of double parton distribution functions (PDFs) due to mixing with single PDFs. The modified evolution of dPDFs at z_\perp=0, including generalized dPDFs for the non-forward case, is given in the appendix. We include a brief discussion of the experimental interpretation of dPDFs and how they can probe flavor, spin and color correlations of partons in hadrons.
description: 7 pages, 12 figures; v2: appendix fixed and extended, journal version
Chilling Injury of Eggplant Fruits
Creators: name: McColloch, Lacy P.
name: McColloch, Lacy P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1966
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Excerpt from the report: Eggplant fruits are subject to chilling injury if held at low, but nonfreezing temperatures for about a week or longer. The problem as observed in the commercial handling of the fruits is confined to eggplants overrefrigerated during a 6- to 8-day transit period or held at 40° F. for several days after arriving at the terminal market. Chilling injury has been observed also on eggplant fruits shipped in mixed loads of produce under top ice. These tests were conducted to determine the effect of low, but nonfreezing temperatures on chilling injury, to identify and describe the symptoms, and to study the relationship of chilling injury to alternaria rot.
Creation of quantum correlations between two atoms in a dissipative environment from an initial vacuum state
Creators: name: Altintas, Ferdi
name: Eryigit, Resul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated the effect of counter-rotating terms on the dynamics of entanglement and quantum discord between two identical atoms interacting with a lossy single mode cavity field for a system initially in a vacuum state. The counter-rotating terms are found to lead to steady states in the long time limit which can have high quantum discord, but have no entanglement. The effect of cavity decay rate on this steady state quantum discord has been also investigated, surprisingly, the increase in cavity decay rate is found to both enhance and maximize the steady quantum discord for separable states.
description: Effects of counter-rotating interaction terms on quantum discord
Pectinichelus Ballion 1871
Creators: name: Allsopp, Peter G.
name: Schoolmeesters, Paul
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Scarabaeidae
Pectinichelus

description: Pectinichelus Ballion, 1871
[22 species].
Type species Pectinichelus rhizotrogoides Ballion, 1871, by monotypy.
Pectinichelus (Cryphaeobius) Kraatz in Heyden & Kraatz, 1882, as Cryphaeobius.
Type species Cryphaeobius brunneus Kraatz, 1882, by monotypy. Status revised to Pectinichelus (Cryphaeobius) by Nikolajev (1987).
Note: Reitter (1889) incorrectly spelt Cryphaeobius as “ Criphaeobius ”.
description: Published as part of Allsopp, Peter G. & Schoolmeesters, Paul, 2024, All genera of the world: Subfamilies Prototroginae, Cretoscarabaeinae, Dynamopodinae, Electrorubesopsinae, Phaenomeridinae, Orphninae, Allidiostomatinae, Aclopinae, Lichniinae, Melolonthinae, Oncerinae, Podolasiinae, Sericinae, Sericoidinae (Animalia: Arthropoda: Insecta: Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), pp. 104-175 in Megataxa 12 (1) on page 131, DOI: 10.11646/megataxa.12.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/14984437
Factors influencing the pursuit of graduate education in registered nurses : exploring the motivators and barriers
Creators: name: Gorczyca, Catherine
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2013

description: Graduate-prepared nurses play an important role in fulfilling leadership, administration, education, and advanced practice positions within academic and clinical practice settings. With only a slim majority of Canadian nurses holding a graduate degree as their highest level of education, concerns exist about how vacancies in advanced roles will be filled. Many research studies have focussed on the motivators and barriers to pursing higher education in adult learners in general and on those learners who have already made the decision to seek higher education. This research question addressed the gap between both types of learners by examining the attitudes and perceptions of registered nurses who have never enrolled in graduate studies and their perceived motivators and barriers. The problem was examined from the perspective of adult nursing education and specifically used Cross’s (1981) chain-of-response’ model. Cross’s model conceptualizes the intrinsic and the extrinsic factors that motivate adult participation in learning activities. A qualitative phenomenological study design was conducted and transcribed. For increased homogeneity, a convenience sample of eight registered nurses was divided into two focus groups based on their years of nursing experience. The major themes that emerged were categorized as: motivators, barriers, perceptions and attitudes. The motivators included having a professional goal, being personally and professionally challenged, and having a role model in the form of peer support and mentorship. The barriers are divided into three categories drawn from Cross’s (1981) work, which includes situational barriers of work-life balance and financial impact with a subtheme of age iii and personal and family commitments, institutional barriers related to the application process, and dispositional concerns around returning to study. The other general themes were perceptions and attitudes in respect to pursuing graduate education, and these included alternative educational opportunities, non-graduate careers, supporting resources, theory–practice gap, value of graduate education, and misconceptions of graduate level roles. The findings highlighted that more work needs to be done to promote the different opportunities and roles available for graduate-prepared nurses and to promote the resources available within both the academic and healthcare employment settings.
Vertical integration in a stochastic framework and a nonsymmetric bargaining equilibrium
Creators: name: Rossini, Gianpaolo
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2004
Subjects: SECS-P/07 Economia aziendale

description: We go through the decision to vertically integrate or outsource in an uncertain
framework. We consider two di¤erent market strategies, price setting
and quantity setting and two di¤erent vertical relationships: a Stackelberg
one and a bargaining one. In the …rst scenario, with certainty, price and
quantity settings are alike, while with uncertainty the ranking changes. If
the bargaining framework is adopted instead, quantity setting under uncertainty
leads to an asymmetric distribution of realized gains along the vertical
chain.
A United Model for the cosmic ray energy spectra and anisotropy in the energy range 100 - 100 000 GeV
Creators: name: Zatsepin, V. I.
name: Panov, A. D.
name: Sokolskaya, N. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a model where a supernova explodes in some vicinity of our solar system (some tens of parsecs) in the recent past (some tens of thousands years) with the energy release in cosmic rays of order of $ 10 ^ {51} $ erg. The flux from this supernova is added to an isotropic flux from other sources. We consider the case where the Sun's location is not in some typical for Our Galaxy average environment, but in the Local Superbubble about 100 pc across, in which the diffusion coefficient $D (E) = D_0 \times E ^ {0.6} $, with the value of $ D_0 \sim 10 ^ {25} cm^ 2 s^ {-1} $. We describe the energy dependence of the anisotropy of cosmic rays in the TeV region, together with the observed features of the energy spectrum of protons found in direct measurements. Our model provides a natural explanation to the hardening of the proton spectrum at 200 GeV, together with the observed steepening of the spectrum above 50 TeV.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Journal of Physics:Conference Series, 23rd ECRS, Moscow, 2012. We have added the discussion of Geminga as a possible local source
Assessing household vulnerability to employment shocks:
a simulation methodology applied to Bosnia and Herzegovina
Creators: name: Cuna, Luigi
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2004
Subjects: SECS-S/05 Statistica sociale

description: Household vulnerability relates to the incapacity of a household to preserve its welfare
because of negative events. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, vulnerability is a central issue in the
policy debate: many households are at risk of poverty due to fragile livelihood systems or
high exposure to shocks. Since no panel data are available in Bosnia and Herzegovina, a
micro-simulation methodology is adopted on the basis of a household consumption model
based on quintile regression. Shocks are simulated in the labour market and the methodology
consents the identification of the typologies of households which suffer from severe welfare
losses or that are plunged into poverty after the shocks. The results show that the vulnerable
households identified change when different shocks or a diverse definition of vulnerability are
taken into consideration. At the same time, the characteristics of households vulnerable to
poverty are shown to be different with respect to those of the poor.
Linear magnetoresistance in topological insulators: Quantum phase coherence effects at high temperatures
Creators: name: Assaf, Badih A.
name: Cardinal, Thomas
name: Wei, Peng
name: Katmis, Ferhat
name: Moodera, Jagadeesh S.
name: Heiman, Don
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In addition to the weak antilocalization cusp observed in the magnetoresistance (MR) of topological insulators at low temperatures and low magnetic fields, we find that the high-field MR in Bi2Te2Se is linear in field. At fields up to B=14T the slope of this linear-like MR is nearly independent of temperature over the range T=7 to 150K. We find that the linear MR arises from the competition between a logarithmic phase coherence component and a quadratic component. The quantum phase coherence dominates up to high temperatures, where the coherence length remains longer than the mean free path of electrons.
Process and product innovation: a differential game approach to product life cycle
Creators: name: Lambertini, Luca
name: Mantovani, Andrea
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2004
Subjects: SECS-S/05 Statistica sociale

description: We investigate the timing of adoption of product and process innovation by using a differential
game in which firms may invest in both activities. We consider horizontal product
innovation that reduces product substitutability, and process innovation that reduces
marginal cost. First, we demonstrate that the incentive for cost-reducing investment is
relatively higher than the incentive to increase product differentiation. Second, depending
on initial conditions, (i) firms activate both types of investment from the very outset to
the steady state; (ii) firms initially invest only in one R&D activity and then reach the
steady state either carrying out only such activity or carrying out both; (iii) firms do not
invest at all in either type of innovation.
Identifying reaction functions in a differential oligopoly game with sticky prices
Creators: name: Lambertini, Luca
name: Mantovani, Andrea
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2004
Subjects: SECS-S/06 Metodi matematici dell'economia e delle scienze attuariali e finanziarie

description: We investigate the issue of strategic substitutability/complementarity in a
Cournot differential game with sticky prices. We show that first order conditions
do not produce instantaneous best reply functions. However, we identify
negatively sloped reaction functions in steady state, with the open-loop best
reply being flatter than its closed-loop counterpart.
Beyond the Privacy Paradox: Objective Versus Relative Risk in Privacy Decision Making
Creators: name: Adjerid, Idris
name: Peer, Eyal
name: Acquisti, Alessandro
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Privacy decision making has been examined in the literature from alternative perspectives. A dominant “normative” perspective has focused on rational processes by which consumers with stable preferences for privacy weigh the expected benefits of privacy choices against their potential costs. More recently, a behavioral perspective has leveraged theories from decision research to construe privacy decision making as a process in which cognitive heuristics and biases predictably occur. In a series of experiments, we compare the predictive power of these two perspectives by evaluating the impact of changes in the objective risk of disclosure and the impact of changes in the relative perceptions of risk of disclosure on both hypothetical and actual consumer privacy choices. We find that both relative and objective risks can, in fact, influence consumer privacy decisions. However, and surprisingly, the impact of objective changes in risk diminishes between hypothetical and actual choice settings. Vice versa, the impact of relative risk becomes more pronounced going from hypothetical to actual choice settings. Our results suggest a way to integrate diverse streams of the information systems literature on privacy decision making: in hypothetical choice contexts, relative to actual choice contexts, consumers may both overestimate their response to normative factors and underestimate their response to behavioral factors.
{\bar p}p-annihilation processes in the tree approximation of SU(3) chiral effective theory
Creators: name: Tarasov, V. E.
name: Kudryavtsev, A. E.
name: Romanov, A. I.
name: Weinberg, V. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The {\bar p}p-annihilation reactions {\bar p}p-->eta eta eta and {\bar p}p--> eta K{\bar K} at rest are considered in the tree approximation in the framework of SU(3) chiral effective theory at leading order. The calculated branchings are compared with the data. The results for neutral (eta eta eta, K^0{\bar K^0}eta) and charged (K^+ K^- eta) channels are essentially different.
description: 14 pages, 2 tables, 2 figures (The text was corrected in correspondence with the published version. The results were not changed)
Rekonstruktive Eingriffe an den Gallenwegen wegen gutartiger Erkrankungen - eine retrospektive Analyse des Krankengutes der Chirurgischen Klinik I am Klinikum der Stadt Gera - ehemaliges Bezirkskrankenhaus - im Zeitraum von 1981 bis 1995
Creators: name: Schütte, Jürgen Carl Christian
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2001
Subjects: Gallenwegskrankheit
Hochschulschrift
Online-Publikation
Zsfassung in engl. Sprache

description: Im Rahmen einer Leistungsanalyse des Krankengutes auf dem Gebiet der Gallenwegschirurgie werden Schlußfolgerungen für künftige Behandlungsstrategien gezogen. Anhand von Krankenaktenanalysen und fragebogenbezogener Nachuntersuchungen wird über 142 Patienten berichtet, bei denen im Zeitraum von 1981 bis 1995 150 rekonstruktive Eingriffe an den Gallenwegen infolge gutartiger Erkrankungen durchgeführt wurden. Erfaßt wurden dabei die Krankheitsbilder Mirizzi-Syndrom (n=42), Choledochusstenose unterschiedlicher Genese (n=44), Gallenwegszyste (n=10), Papillenstenose (n=29) gutartige Tumoren (n=5) und primäre bzw. frühpostoperative Versorgung iatrogener Gallenwegsverletzungen (n=38). Eine Aussage über den späten Krankheitsverlauf war bei 130 Patienten (86,7%) nach einer durchschnittlichen Nachbeobachtungszeit von 7,3 Jahren (0,24 bis 16,4 Jahre) möglich. Der Schwerpunkt der Arbeit liegt für jede der untersuchten Krankheitsgruppen in einem Vergleich der einzelnen durchgeführten Operationsmethoden mit ihren spezifischen Komplikationen und Langzeitergebnissen. Neben dem Einfluß präoperativer Befunde, endoskopischer bzw. radiologisch-interventioneller Therapieversuche sowie des perioperativen Verlaufs wird insbesondere auf die typgerechte Versorgung bei Mirizzi-Syndrom, Choledochusstenosen und -zysten sowie bei iatrogenen Gallenwegsläsionen eingegangen.
description: Within analysing the patients in the field of bile-duct-surgery conclusions for prospective strategies of treatment are taken. By studying the patients histories and questionnaire added examinations we report 142 patients with 150 reconstructive operations by reason of benign diseases from 1981 to 1995. We recorded the Mirizzi-Syndrome (n=42), stenoses of the bile ducts by different reasons (n=44), bile duct cysts (n=10), stenosis of the papilla Vateri (n=29), benign tumors of the bile ducts (n=5) and iatrogenic bile duct injuries (n=38). An statement to the late course of the disease could be given in 130 patients (86,7%) after an average observation time of 7,3 years (0,24 to 16,4 years). The preference of this study was the comparison of the groups of the diseases and of the operation methods with their specifically complications and long term results. We report about the influence of preoperatively findings, endoscopical or radiological / interventional trials of therapy and the perioperative course, but also about the type adapted supply.
Workers’ enterprises are not perverse: differential oligopoly
games with sticky price
Creators: name: Cellini, Roberto
name: Lambertini, Luca
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2004
Subjects: SECS-P/05 Econometria

description: We take a differential game approach to study the dynamic behaviour of
labour managed (LM) firms, in the presence of price stickiness. We find that
the oligopoly market populated by LM firms reaches the same steady state
equilibrium allocation as the oligopoly populated by profit-maximising (PM)
firms, provided that the LM membership and the PM labour force are set
before the market game starts. The conclusion holds under both the openloop
solution and the closed-loop solution. The result confirms the point
made by Sertel (1987) in a static framework.
Minimum quality standards and consumers’ information
Creators: name: Garella, Paolo G.
name: Petrakis, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2004
Subjects: SECS-P/09 Finanza aziendale
SECS-P/07 Economia aziendale

description: The literature so far has analyzed the effects of Minimum Quality Standards
in oligopoly, using models of pure vertical differentiation, with only two
firms, and perfect information. We analyze products that are differentiated
horizontally and vertically, with imperfect consumers information, and more
than two firms. We show that a MQS changes the consumers’ perception of
produced qualities. This increases the firms’ returns from quality enhancing
investments, notwithstanding contrary strategic effects. As a consequence,
MQS policies may be desirable as both, firms and consumers, can gain. This
contrasts with previous results in the literature and provides a justification
for the use of MQS to improve social welfare.
Power Pull: an unconditionally stable active Load-Pull measurement system
Creators: name: Koether, D.
name: Sporkmann, Th.
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 1998
Subjects: ING-INF/01 Elettronica

description: For today's communication circuits optimum operational conditions for almost every Tx power amplifier is one of the most important parameters. Only this will offer maximum power added efficiency and output power. For the experimental determination of these conditions load-pull measurements are the best solution. To compensate losses of the setup for on-wafer measurements an active load-pull measurement system is required. The Power Pull load-pull system combines all advantages of active load-pull measurements with an absolute stable configuration. It prevents oscillation of the measurement setup as well as of the transistor under test for large signal operation. Therefore, this configuration easily allows the complete characterization of transistors for optimum matching within power amplifiers.
Load Pull measurements for GSM and CDMA power modules
Creators: name: Fennelly, Michael
name: Wandrei, David
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 1998
Subjects: ING-INF/01 Elettronica

description: A load pull system that has CDMA and GSM stimulus and response capability is presented. This novel system performs fundamental and harmonic tuning using a single, solid-state, impedance tuner without a multi-plexer or harmonic loops. Measurements of power, efficiency and spectral re-growth are obtained. Special consideration is made for the burst requirements of GSM. This paper presents the measurement system, harmonic tuning, CDMA and GSM examples.
A multistage mechanism for managing aggressive flows in the next generation internet
Creators: name: Lanzi, Diego
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2001
Subjects: SECS-P/08 Economia e gestione delle imprese

description: In this note, we provide a multistage game form which may be used for managing aggressive flows which may cause network congestion or monopolisation. The mechanism here presented attains economic efficiency, technical e¢ciency and other desirable properties.
Monetary policy transmission, interest rate rules and inflation targeting in three transition countries
Creators: name: Golinelli, Roberto
name: Rovelli, Riccardo
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2001
Subjects: SECS-P/06 Economia applicata

description: In 1991, the rate of inflation in the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland was between 35% and 70%. At the end of 2001, it is below 8%. We setup a small structural macro model of these economies to explain the process of disinflation. Contrary to a widespread skepticism, which permeated a large part of previous research on these issues, we show that a simple open macroeconomic model, along the lines of Svensson (2000, Journal of International Economics), with forward-looking inflation and exchange rate expectations, can adequately characterize the relationship between the output gap, inflation, the real interest rate and the exchange rate during the course of transition. We use the estimated models to interpret the main features of monetary policy in each country and identify the channels of policy transmission. We characterize the policy rules and assess the relative importance of the interest rate channel (on aggregate demand) and the exchange rate channel (which affects both aggregate demand and supply) in determining the path of (dis)inflation. In the same context, we also tentatively analyze the consequences of attempting a faster path of disinflation. Finally, we evaluate the appropriateness of the inflation targeting framework which has been adopted recently in all three countries, and discuss to what extent it represents a discontinuity with the past.
The Diffusion of E-commerce at the Firm Level: Theoretical Implications and Empirical Evidence
Creators: name: Santarelli, Enrico
name: D'Altri, Samuele
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2001
Subjects: SECS-P/08 Economia e gestione delle imprese

description: As a specific institution of distributive trades, e-commerce displays similarities with retail stores and mail order companies. As well as providing theoretical support for the assumption that e-commerce is a way to sell certain goods and services at prices potentially lower than those of traditional distributive channels, this paper analyses its inter-firm diffusion among a sample of firms (mostly SMEs) in Italy. The paper has three main purposes. Firstly, it challenges the view of e-commerce as a "technological revolution", by pointing out its nature as a cost-minimizing marketing channel. In particular, it shows how, under certain circumstances, e-commerce is a source of transaction cost advantages analogous to those yielded by mail order business. Secondly, the paper identifies the circumstances under which e-commerce sales might achieve a significant level of penetration among those SMEs that would otherwise incur high costs in organizing a proprietary distributive channel. Thirdly, the paper employs a unique data set of Italian manufacturing, service, and hospitality firms (nearly 90% of them with fewer than 100 employees) to estimate a diffusion model based on the logistic curve. According to the estimates, by the fourth quarter of 2003 nearly 50% of the population of firms in the geographical area surveyed will have introduced e-commerce among their marketing channels.
Advertising in a Differential Oligopoly Game
Creators: name: Cellini, Roberto
name: Lambertini, Luca
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2001
Subjects: SECS-P/08 Economia e gestione delle imprese

description: We illustrate a differential oligopoly game where firms compete à la Cournot in homogeneous goods in the market phase, and invest in advertising activities aimed at increasing consumers’ reservation price. Such investments produce external effects, characterizing the advertising activity as a public good. We derive the open-loop and the closed-loop Nash equilibria, and show that the properties of the equilibria depend on the curvature of the market demand function. The comparative assessment of these equilibria shows that firms’ advertising efforts are larger in the open-loop than in the closed-loop equilibrium. We also show that a cartel involving all firms, setting both quantities and advertising efforts so as to maximize joint profits, may produce a steady state where social welfare is higher than the social welfare levels associated with both the non-cooperative settings.
Proposal for a New Measure of Corruption, and Tests using Italian Data
Creators: name: Golden, Miriam A.
name: Picci, Lucio
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2001
Subjects: SECS-P/05 Econometria

description: Standard crossnational measures of corruption draw on information collected through surveys. We propose a novel alternative measure based on objective data, namely, the difference between a measure of the physical quantities of public infrastructure and a measure of the value of public capital stocks. Where the difference between the value of existing infrastructure and the actual physical infrastructure is larger, more money is being siphoned off in mismanagement, fraud, bribes, kickbacks, and embezzlement; that is, corruption is greater. We create this measure for Italy's 20 regions as of the mid-1990s, controlling for possible regional differences in the costs of public construction. We analyze data over the Italian regions to demonstrate the utility of the proposed measure. The analysis shows that corruption is greater in the southern Italian regions, as would be expected. Our proposed measure exhibits a strong statistically significant relationship inverse with Putnam's measure of government performance,  suggesting that as corruption increases, government performance deteriorates. Finally, we show that high-level political malfeasance - measured by the number of charges of malfeasance against members of Italy's Chamber of Deputies in the period from 1992 to 1994 - is highly and significantly correlated with the more general measure of corruption that we propose. We offer suggestions for constructing a similar measure of corruption for various other countries.
A tale of two curses : the economic, political, and developmental effects of dependency on foreign aid and natural resources
Creators: name: Thomas, Edward
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2013

description: This paper provides a first look at the intersection between the natural resource and foreign aid curses. In doing so, it proposes that the economic, political, and developmental effects of foreign aid and natural resources are influenced by similar factors. While to date much of the literature on the aid and resource curses have tended not to engage one another, it is shown that through a political economy model of political survival, important commonalities can be drawn out with respect to the cause and effect of both curses. Accordingly, this paper argues for the necessity of no longer studying the two phenomena in isolation, and instead presents a common theoretical model allowing for a unified approach to understanding the implications of unearned income. A preliminary quantitative analysis is also presented, which suggests at the effects of foreign aid in natural resource-dependent countries. Important implications not only for academic research, but also importantly for policy making, follow from the findings herein.
Comparing Alternative Reimbursement Methods in a Model of Public Health Insurance
Creators: name: Barigozzi, Francesca
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2000
Subjects: SECS-P/01 Economia politica

description: I compare in-kind reimbursement and reimbursement insurance. I explicitly consider out patient and inpatient care in a model where illness has a negative impact on labor productivity. Consumers are heterogeneous with respect to intensity of preferences for treatment which is their private information. Then the social planner has a choice of two kinds of reimbursement structure: pooling (uniform) and self-selecting allocations. Analyzing pooling allocations I show that reimbursement insurance weakly dominates in-kind reimbursement. While considering self-selecting allocations I show that the two reimbursement methods are, from a social welfare point of view, equivalent.
Modelling inflation in EU accession countries: the case of the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland
Creators: name: Golinelli, Roberto
name: Orsi, Renzo
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2001
Subjects: SECS-P/05 Econometria

description: Inflation in Central and East European countries varied considerably over the transition phase, and econometric relationships between prices, money, wages and exchange rates are said to have been unstable during this period. In order to shed some light on the issue, this paper analyses some empirical models of the inflation process in the three earliest east European transition economies: the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland. In particular, we first look at inflation within the context of multivariate cointegration, where domestic and foreign price determinants are initially assessed in separate blocks (each single-theory based) in order to obtain a number of long-term attractors. Then, we put previous information in short term simultaneous vector equilibrium correcting models for each country. The importance of theory-based imbalances (attractors) in explaining inflation can be assessed at this stage. Our most significant empirical findings seem to substantiate the idea that many, if not all, theoretical determinants of inflation are of importance in those countries in question: the exchange rate and the output gap would appear to be of particular importance in explaining the phenomenon.
Is financial leverage mean-reverting? Unit root tests and corporate financing models
Creators: name: Bontempi, Maria Elena
name: Golinelli, Roberto
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2001
Subjects: SECS-P/05 Econometria

description: In this paper we use the unit root test at both individual company (Dickey-Fuller) and panel (Im-Pesaran-Shin) level, in order to provide some quantitative evidence of the univariate behaviour of Italian companies’ debt-ratio. If it is mean-reverting, then at least a share of companies are going to behave according to the trade-off model, whereas if it is non-stationary, then companies may behave according to pecking order theory. Individual company test results support the pecking order theory in the case of more than 80% of firms, while the panel test rejects the unit root null. These contradictory results can be explained by the heterogeneity of the firms which tends to characterise the entire panel. For this reason, we selected a number of sub-samples in which companies are supposed to follow either the pure trade-off or the pure pecking order model of behaviour. Results confirm that: a) heterogeneity may lead to a false rejection of the pecking order theory in panel unit root tests; b) both trade-off and   pecking order theories contribute towards explaining the financial behaviour of Italian companies; c) the testing procedure we propose has the power to reject the pure pecking order model under the null hypothesis, but not the pure trade-off model.
Towards an international convention against human reproductive cloning
Creators: name: Tober, Tinia
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Elektronische Publikation
subject: Hochschulschrift
subject: Online-Publikation
subject: Zsfassung in dt. Sprache
subject: 344.041960261

description: Die vorliegende rechtswissenschaftliche Dissertation untersucht die deutsch-französische Initiative bei den Vereinten Nationen zur Verabschiedung einer internationalen Konvention gegen das reproduktive Klonen von Menschen. Zunächst werden der wissenschaftliche Hintergrund zum menschlichen Klonen dargestellt und ausgewählte nationale sowie internationale Rechtsinstrumente analysiert, die einen bereits bestehenden Konsens der Völkergemeinschaft über ein Verbot des reproduktiven Klonens widerspiegeln. Im Anschluss werden die jüngsten Verhandlungen in der Generalversammlung der Vereinten Nationen (2001-2005) eingehend untersucht, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf der bis zuletzt nicht gelösten Debatte über den Umfang eines Verbotstatbestands einer Konvention liegt. Schließlich werden das Ergebnis der Verhandlungen- die politische Erklärung zum Klonen von Menschen von 2005 - und mit ihr die Stärken und Schwächen der deutsch-französischen Initiative beleuchtet und mögliche nächste Schritte für ein rechtsverbindliches Verbot des reproduktiven Klonens von Menschen angedacht.
description: This dissertation analyzes the German-French initiative at the United Nations aiming at an international convention against human reproductive cloning. It outlines the status quo of the international debate regarding a regulation of human cloning, including the scientific procedure of human reproductive and therapeutic cloning and its risks and promises from the perspective of science. It also analyzes the current legal framework at the international level, followed by a case study of the law in jurisdictions particularly involved in the UN initiative. Finally, a report of the negotiations (2001-2005) that Germany and France had sparked at the UN General Assembly is detailed. It focuses on the deep divisions over whether not only reproductive cloning - which the world community rejects unanimously - should be prohibited, but also therapeutic cloning, or whether the latter should merely be subject to controls. The General Assembly finally acknowledged that the controversy was for the time being shelved and resorted to a legally non-binding political Declaration on human cloning. As a matter of fact, this decision put the German-French initiative towards a legally-binding instrument to an end. The dissertation is taking stock of developments so far and investigates the strong and the weak points of the German-French initiative, in order to then make brief suggestions on how to move ahead in order to pass legally binding international laws on human cloning.
Diamond based single molecule magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Creators: name: Cai, Jianming
name: Jelezko, Fedor
name: Plenio, Martin B.
name: Retzker, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The detection of a nuclear spin in an individual molecule represents a key challenge in physics and biology whose solution has been pursued for many years. The small magnetic moment of a single nucleus and the unavoidable environmental noise present the key obstacles for its realization. Here, we demonstrate theoretically that a single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond can be used to construct a nano-scale single molecule spectrometer that is capable of detecting the position and spin state of a single nucleus and can determine the distance and alignment of a nuclear or electron spin pair. The proposed device will find applications in single molecule spectroscopy in chemistry and biology, such as in determining protein structure or monitoring macromolecular motions and can thus provide a tool to help unravelling the microscopic mechanisms underlying bio-molecular function.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures, published version