cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A note on two-times measurement entropy production and modular theory
Creators: name: Benoist, Tristan
name: Bruneau, Laurent
name: Jaksic, Vojkan
name: Panati, Annalisa
name: Pillet, Claude-Alain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent theoretical investigations of the two-times measurement entropy production (2TMEP) in quantum statistical mechanics have shed a new light on the mathematics and physics of the quantum-mechanical probabilistic rules. Among notable developments are the extensions of entropic fluctuation relations to quantum domain and discovery of a deep link between 2TMEP and modular theory of operator algebras. All these developments concerned the setting where the state of the system at the instant of the first measurement is the same as the state whose entropy production is measured. In this work we consider the case where these two states are different and link this more general 2TEMP to modular theory. The established connection allows us to show that under general ergodicity assumptions the 2TEMP is essentially independent of the choice of the system state at the instant of the first measurement due to a decoherence effect induced by the first measurement. This stability sheds a new light on the concept of quantum entropy production, and, in particular, on possible quantum formulations of the celebrated classical Gallavotti--Cohen Fluctuation Theorem which will be studied in the continuation of this work.
Visual resolution of Anna's hummingbirds (Calypte anna) in space and time
Creators: name: Fellows, Tyee Kenneth
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: The sampling of spatial and temporal visual information for all living organisms is finite. The speed and accuracy of visual systems contributes in part to an animal's sensitivity to visual motion. The ability to see swift motions is a crucial adaptation among bird species, which are high-speed animals that navigate in a three-dimensional world. Hummingbirds are emerging as important models for studying visual guidance in vertebrates. However, their sensitivity to visual motion remains unknown. A method that can be used to identify hummingbirds' sensitivity to visual motion is to characterise the spatial and temporal acuity of their visual system. It is hypothesised that temporal acuity scales positively with mass-specific metabolic rate and negatively with body size, and spatial acuity scales positively with body size. Given hummingbirds possess the highest mass- specific metabolic rates among vertebrates and the smallest body sizes among birds, I predicted that the Anna's hummingbird (Calypte anna) would have high temporal and low spatial acuities among bird species. Using operant conditioning and optocollic reflex experiments, I identified the temporal and spatial acuity thresholds of the Anna's hummingbird's visual system. Training hummingbirds to differentiate flickering from non-flickering lights at different rates and colours measured their temporal acuity for wavelengths of light between 380-750nm. Spatial acuity was measured by subjecting hummingbirds to rotating stimuli that varied in spatial frequency and luminance. The results indicate the hummingbird's temporal acuity is between 70 and 80Hz, and is unaffected by light colour (red, white, and ultraviolet). Spatial resolving capacity is measured to be between 4.95 and 6.18 cycles per degree in light conditions below 1.77 candela/m². Therefore, my measurements of spatial acuity in the Anna's hummingbird provide support for a positive relationship with body size, and my measurements of temporal acuity do not provide support for a positive relationship with mass-specific metabolic rate. This study marks the first time both spatial and temporal acuity is measured in a sustained hovering animal.
Ram pressure profiles in galaxy groups and clusters
Creators: name: Tecce, Tomás E.
name: Cora, Sofía A.
name: Tissera, Patricia B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a hybrid method which combines non-radiative hydrodynamical simulations with a semi-analytic model of galaxy formation, we determine the ram pressure as a function of halocentric distance experienced by galaxies in haloes with virial masses 12.5 <= log (M_200 h/M_Sun) < 15.35, for redshifts 0 <= z <= 3. The ram pressure is calculated with a self-consistent method which uses the simulation gas particles to obtain the properties of the intergalactic medium. The ram pressure profiles obtained can be well described by beta profile models, with parameters that depend on redshift and halo virial mass in a simple fashion. The fitting formulae provided here will prove useful to include ram pressure effects into semi-analytic models based on methods which lack gas physics, such as dark matter-only simulations or the Press-Schechter formalism.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
TOWARD ROBUST AND INTERPRETABLE GRAPH AND IMAGE REPRESENTATION LEARNING
Creators: name: Shu, Juan
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: Applied statistics
Deep learning

description: Although deep learning models continue to gain momentum, their robustness and interpretability have always been a big concern because of the complexity of such models. In this dissertation, we studied several topics on the robustness and interpretability of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and graph neural networks (GNNs). We first identified the structural problem of deep convolutional neural networks that leads to the adversarial examples and defined DNN uncertainty regions. We also argued that the generalization error, the large sample theoretical guarantee established for DNN, cannot adequately capture the phenomenon of adversarial examples. Secondly, we studied the dropout in GNNs, which is an effective regularization approach to prevent overfitting. Contrary to CNN, GNN usually has a shallow structure because a deep GNN normally sees performance degradation. We studied different dropout schemes and established a connection between dropout and over-smoothing in GNNs. Therefore we developed layer-wise compensation dropout, which allows GNN to go deeper without suffering performance degradation. We also developed a heteroscedastic dropout which effectively deals with a large number of missing node features due to heavy experimental noise or privacy issues. Lastly, we studied the interpretability of graph neural networks. We developed a self-interpretable GNN structure that denoises useless edges or features, leading to a more efficient message-passing process. The GNN prediction and explanation accuracy were boosted compared with baseline models.
МЕТОДИКА ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ИННОВАЦИОННЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ НА ЗАНЯТИЯХ РУССКОГО ЯЗЫКА
Creators: name: Кочкарова, Эльмира
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: В статье исследуются различные инновационные технологии обучения русскому языку и целесообразность их использования с целью повышение качества знаний учащихся, развития их интеллектуальных и речевых способностей.
A Metaheuristic Approach for IT Projects Portfolio Optimization
Creators: name: Pushkar, Shashank
name: Mustafi, Abhijit
name: Mishra, Akhileshwar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Optimal selection of interdependent IT Projects for implementation in multi periods has been challenging in the framework of real option valuation. This paper presents a mathematical optimization model for multi-stage portfolio of IT projects. The model optimizes the value of the portfolio within a given budgetary and sequencing constraints for each period. These sequencing constraints are due to time wise interdependencies among projects. A Metaheuristic approach is well suited for solving this kind of a problem definition and in this paper a genetic algorithm model has been proposed for the solution. This optimization model and solution approach can help IT managers taking optimal funding decision for projects prioritization in multiple sequential periods. The model also gives flexibility to the managers to generate alternative portfolio by changing the maximum and minimum number of projects to be implemented in each sequential period.
description: Submitted to Journal of Computer Science and Engineering, see http://sites.google.com/site/jcseuk/volume-1-issue-1-may-2010
Demystifying particle-based oral vaccines
Creators: name: Gonzalez-Cruz, Pedro
name: Gill, Harvinder Singh
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Introduction: The oral route of vaccination is pain- and needle-free and can induce systemic and mucosal immunity. However, gastrointestinal barriers and antigen degradation impose significant hurdles in the development of oral vaccines. Live attenuated viruses and bacteria can overcome these barriers but at the risk of introducing safety concerns. As an alternative, particles have been investigated for antigen protection and delivery, yet there are no FDA-approved oral vaccines based on particle-based delivery systems. Our objective was to discover underlying determinants that can explain the current inadequacies and identify paradigms that can be implemented in future for successful development of oral vaccines relying on particle-based delivery systems. Areas covered: We reviewed literature related to the use of particles for oral vaccination and placed special emphasis on formulation characteristics and administration schedules to gain an insight into how these parameters impact production of antigen-specific antibodies in systemic and mucosal compartments. Expert opinion: Despite the long history of vaccines, particle-based oral vaccination is a relative new field with the first study published in 1989. Substantial variability exists between different studies with respect to dosing schedules, number of doses, and the amount of vaccine per dose. Most studies have not used adjuvants in the formulations. Better standardization in vaccination parameters is required to improve comparison between experiments, and adjuvants should be used to enhance the systemic and mucosal immune responses and to reduce the number of doses, which will make oral vaccines more attractive.
Proton Stability and Light $Z^\prime$ Inspired by String Derived Models
Creators: name: Faraggi, Alon E.
name: Mehta, Viraf M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Proton stability is one of the most perplexing puzzles in particle physics. While the renormalizable Standard Model forbids proton decay mediating operators due to accidental global symmetries, many of its extensions introduce such dimension four, five and six operators. Furthermore, it is, in general, expected that quantum gravity only respects local gauge, or discreet, symmetries. String theory provides the arena to study particle physics in a consistent framework of perturbative quantum gravity. An appealing proposition, in this context, is that the dangerous operators are suppressed by an Abelian gauge symmetry, which is broken near the TeV scale. A viable U(1) symmetry should also be anomaly free, be family universal, and allow the generation of fermion masses via the Higgs mechanism. We discuss such U(1) symmetries that arise in quasi--realistic free fermionic heterotic--string derived models. Ensuring that the U(1) symmetry is anomaly free at the low scale requires that the Standard Model spectrum is augmented by additional states that are compatible with the charge assignments in the string models. We construct such string--inspired models and discuss some of their phenomenological implications.
description: 22 Pages
Properties of highly frustrated magnetic molecules studied by the finite-temperature Lanczos method
Creators: name: Schnack, J.
name: Wendland, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The very interesting magnetic properties of frustrated magnetic molecules are often hardly accessible due to the prohibitive size of the related Hilbert spaces. The finite-temperature Lanczos method is able to treat spin systems for Hilbert space sizes up to 10^9. Here we first demonstrate for exactly solvable systems that the method is indeed accurate. Then we discuss the thermal properties of one of the biggest magnetic molecules synthesized to date, the icosidodecahedron with antiferromagnetically coupled spins of s=1/2. We show how genuine quantum features such as the magnetization plateau behave as a function of temperature.
description: 7 pages, 10 figures, submitted to EPJB
Agent-Based simulation reveals localized isolation key to saving lives and resources
Creators: name: Karmakar, Mintu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the realm of pandemic dynamics, understanding the intricate interplay between disease transmission, interventions, and immunity is pivotal for effective control strategies. Through a rigorous agent-based computer simulation, we embarked on a comprehensive exploration, traversing unmitigated spread, lockdown scenarios, and the transformative potential of vaccination. We unveil that while quarantine unquestionably delays the pandemic peak, it does not act as an impenetrable barrier to halt the progression of infectious diseases. Vaccination factor revealed a potent weapon against outbreaks higher vaccination percentage not only delayed infection peaks but also substantially curtailed their impact. Our investigation into bond dilution below the percolation threshold presents an additional dimension to pandemic control. We observed that localized isolation through bond dilution offers a more resource-efficient targeted control strategy than blanket lockdowns or large-scale vaccination campaigns.
description: 10 pages
Lifting the Efficiency of Food Delivery with Drone Resupply
Creators: name: Zhang, Yinding
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: Operations research

description: How the world eats is changing dramatically. Nowadays, food delivery, where freshly prepared food is delivered from restaurants to customers' residences or workplaces, has become a huge and rapidly growing market. Yet, the escalating expense of food delivery personnel and the guarantee of fast and punctual delivery are big challenges faced by food delivery platforms. To address this issue, our research proposes drone resupply delivery in food delivery, where drones and human couriers collaborate to facilitate the delivery process. Specifically, drones are responsible for resupplying orders from restaurants to couriers, who then complete the final leg of the delivery to customers. The drone resupply delivery model is particularly well-suited for the food delivery industry, as it overcomes the limitations of drone accessibility to customer locations and adheres to the existing ground-based operational system as much as possible. We have developed a mathematical model and a large neighborhood search heuristic to support this approach. Our numerical experiment, based on real-world order data, has demonstrated that the delivery delay and overall efficiency of food delivery are significantly improved through the utilization of drone resupply, compared to traditional ground-only delivery. Moreover, this improvement is achieved with only a small number of drones integrated into the system.
Audio Editing with Non-Rigid Text Prompts
Creators: name: Paissan, Francesco
name: Della Libera, Luca
name: Wang, Zhepei
name: Ravanelli, Mirco
name: Smaragdis, Paris
name: Subakan, Cem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this paper, we explore audio-editing with non-rigid text edits. We show that the proposed editing pipeline is able to create audio edits that remain faithful to the input audio. We explore text prompts that perform addition, style transfer, and in-painting. We quantitatively and qualitatively show that the edits are able to obtain results which outperform Audio-LDM, a recently released text-prompted audio generation model. Qualitative inspection of the results points out that the edits given by our approach remain more faithful to the input audio in terms of keeping the original onsets and offsets of the audio events.
description: Proceedings of Interspeech. Please refer to the reference available at https://www.isca-archive.org/interspeech_2024/paissan24b_interspeech.html
Additional file 8 of A predatory myxobacterium controls cucumber Fusarium wilt by regulating the soil microbial community
Creators: name: Ye, Xianfeng
name: Li, Zhoukun
name: Luo, Xue
name: Wang, Wenhui
name: Li, Yongkai
name: Li, Rui
name: Zhang, Bo
name: Qiao, Yan
name: Zhou, Jie
name: Fan, Jiaqin
name: Wang, Hui
name: Huang, Yan
name: Cao, Hui
name: Cui, Zhongli
name: Zhang, Ruifu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 8: Figure S5. Rarefaction curves for the number of fungal OTUs with different treatments at 97% similarity. R, the sampling sites surrounding the roots; 27, soils sampled on the 27th day; NT, no FOC or strain EGB solid culture; EGB, strain EGB solid culture only; EGBFOC, both FOC and EGB solid culture; FOC, FOC only.
Transport in periodic potentials induced by fractional Gaussian noise
Creators: name: Ai, Bao-quan
name: He, Ya-feng
name: Zhong, Wei-rong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Directed transport of overdamped Brownian particles driven by fractional Gaussian noises is investigated in asymmetrically periodic potentials. By using Langevin dynamics simulations, we find that rectified currents occur in the absence of any external driving forces. Unlike white Gaussian noises, fractional Gaussian noises can break thermodynamical equilibrium and induce directed transport. Remarkably, the average velocity for persistent fractional noise is opposite to that for anti-persistent fractional noise. The velocity increases monotonically with Hurst exponent for the persistent case, whereas there exists an optimal value of Hurst exponent at which the velocity takes its maximal value for the anti-persistent case.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures
Improved biopharmaceutical attributes of lumefantrine using choline mimicking drug delivery system: preclinical investigation on NK-65 P.berghei murine model
Creators: name: Kaur, Ripandeep
name: Gorki, Varun
name: Katare, OP
name: Dhingra, Neelima
name: Chauhan, Monika
name: Kaur, Ranjot
name: Nirmalan, Niroshini
name: Singh, Bhupinder
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Lumefantrine (LMF) is first-line antimalarial drug, possesses activity against almost all human malarial parasites, but the in vivo activity of this molecule gets thwarted due to its low and inconsistent oral bioavailability (i.e. 4–12%) owing to poor biopharmaceutical attributes. Lumefantrine phospholipid complex (LMF-PC) was prepared by rota-evaporation method following job’s plot technique for the selection of apt stoichiometric ratios. Docking studies were carried out to determine the possible interaction(s) of LMF with phosphatidylcholine analogue. Comparative in vitro physiochemical, solid-state characterization, MTT assay, dose-response on P. falciparum, in vivo efficacy studies including pharmacokinetic and chemosuppression on NK-65 P. berghei infected mice were carried out. Aqueous solubility was distinctly improved (i.e. 345 times) with phospholipid complex of LMF. Cytotoxicity studies on Hela and fibroblast cell lines demonstrated safety of LMF-PC with selectivity indices of 4395 and 5139, respectively. IC50 value was reduced almost 2.5 folds. Significant enhancement in Cmax (3.3-folds) and AUC (2.7-folds) of rat plasma levels indicated notable pharmacokinetic superiority of LMF-PC over LMF suspension. Differential leukocytic count and cytokine assay delineated plausible immunoregulatory role of LMF-PC with nearly 98% chemosuppression and over 30 days of post-survival. Superior antimalarial efficacy and survival time with full recovery of infected mice revealed through histopathological studies.
Gender Biases in Error Mitigation by Voice Assistants
Creators: name: Mahmood, Amama
name: Huang, Chien-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Commercial voice assistants are largely feminized and associated with stereotypically feminine traits such as warmth and submissiveness. As these assistants continue to be adopted for everyday uses, it is imperative to understand how the portrayed gender shapes the voice assistant's ability to mitigate errors, which are still common in voice interactions. We report a study (N=40) that examined the effects of voice gender (feminine, ambiguous, masculine), error mitigation strategies (apology, compensation) and participant's gender on people's interaction behavior and perceptions of the assistant. Our results show that AI assistants that apologized appeared warmer than those offered compensation. Moreover, male participants preferred apologetic feminine assistants over apologetic masculine ones. Furthermore, male participants interrupted AI assistants regardless of perceived gender more frequently than female participants when errors occurred. Our results suggest that the perceived gender of a voice assistant biases user behavior, especially for male users, and that an ambiguous voice has the potential to reduce biases associated with gender-specific traits.
Star Formation in Massive Clusters via Bondi Accretion
Creators: name: Murray, Norman
name: Chang, Philip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Essentially all stars form in giant molecular clouds (GMCs). However, inside GMCs, most of the gas does not participate in star formation; rather, denser gas accumulates in clumps in the GMC, with the bulk of the stars in a given GMC forming in a few of the most massive clumps. In the Milky Way, these clumps have masses $M_{\rm cl}\lesssim 5\times 10^{-2}$ of the GMC, radii $r_{\rm cl} \sim 1$pc, and free-fall times $τ_{\rm cl} \sim 2\times 10^5\yr$. We show that clumps inside giant molecular clouds should accrete at a modified Bondi accretion rate, which depends on clump mass as $\dot M_{\rm cl}\sim M_{\rm cl}^{5/4}$. This rate is initially rather slow, usually slower than the initial star formation rate inside the clump (we adopt the common assumption that inside the clump, $\dot M_*=ε_{\rm ff} M_{\rm cl}/τ_{\rm cl}$, with $ε_{\rm ff} \approx 0.017$). However, after $\sim 2$ GMC free-fall times $τ_{\rm GMC}$, the clump accretion rate accelerates rapidly; formally, the clump can accrete the entire GMC in $\sim 3τ_{\rm GMC}$. At the same time, the star formation rate accelerates, tracking the Bondi accretion rate. If the GMC is disrupted by feedback from the largest clump, half the stars in that clump form in the final $\taug$ before the GMC is disrupted. The theory predicts that the distribution of effective star formation rates, measured per GMC free-fall time, is broad, ranging from $\sim 0.001$ up to 0.1 or larger and that the mass spectrum of star clusters is flatter than that of clumps, consistent with observations.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, submitted to ApJ
The classroom impact of Reading Recovery training : examining restated Reading Recovery-based teacher learning
Creators: name: Stouffer, Joseph
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: Responding to calls for more effective teacher preparation for teaching early literacy, this descriptive study examines if and how teacher learning from Reading Recovery training can be applied within whole-class contexts. Reading Recovery is an early literacy intervention developed by Marie Clay and is implemented internationally to assist Grade One children having difficulty developing early literacy skills. Teachers are trained to deliver one-to-one instruction by attending professional development sessions over one school year in an apprentice-style of learning. Using an online survey instrument, 53 Canadian Kindergarten, Grade One, or Grade Two teachers who had completed Reading Recovery professional development in the three years prior to the study were asked to describe if and how Reading Recovery training had influenced their instructional procedures, language, knowledge or beliefs when teaching English Language Arts in their classrooms. Additionally, three Manitoba survey respondents volunteered as case study participants and were observed weekly over a three-month period in their classrooms. The survey and case study findings show participants appropriated many procedures and language from Reading Recovery during different reading and writing activities. More significantly, they described being more capable of formatively assessing students and how their knowledge and beliefs about literacy instruction had shifted, or developed, in ways that reflected those of Reading Recovery. The case study observations revealed that rather than simply transferring knowledge gained from the Reading Recovery training, teachers took this knowledge and applied it in individual ways in their classrooms, essentially resituating their learning into what is termed their personal theory of literacy instruction. The participants depict Reading Recovery’s model of professional development being particularly potent to their learning. They described how Reading Recovery training increased their confidence and effectiveness in literacy instruction, a finding that could add to discussions of both in- and pre-service teacher professional development.
Tensorized Pauli decomposition algorithm
Creators: name: Hantzko, Lukas
name: Binkowski, Lennart
name: Gupta, Sabhyata
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper introduces a novel general-purpose algorithm for Pauli decomposition that employs matrix slicing and addition rather than expensive matrix multiplication, significantly accelerating the decomposition of multi-qubit matrices. In a detailed complexity analysis, we show that the algorithm admits the best known worst-case scaling and more favorable runtimes for many practical examples. Numerical experiments are provided to validate the asymptotic speed-up already for small instance sizes, underscoring the algorithm's potential significance in the realm of quantum computing and quantum chemistry simulations.
description: This is the Accepted Manuscript version of an article accepted for publication in Phys. Scr.. IOP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it. This Accepted Manuscript is published under a CC BY licence. The Version of Record is available online at 10.1088/1402-4896/ad6499
Denial of Service Attack: Analysis of Network Traffic Anormaly using Queuing Theory
Creators: name: Singh, Neetu
name: Ghrera, S. P.
name: Chaudhuri, Pranay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Denial-of-service (DOS) attacks increasingly gained reputation over the past few years. As the Internet becomes more ubiquitous, the threat of the denial-of-service attacks becomes more realistic and important for individuals, businesses, governmental organizations, and even countries. There is intensive need to detect an attack in progress as soon as possible. The efficiency of diagnosing the DOS attack using concepts of queuing theory and performance parameter of the system has been investigated in the present work, as the servers definitely have some mechanisms to store and process the requests. Utilizing this concept of queuing theory, the collection of data patterns were generated. With the performance parameter of the system, the analysis of the data pattern had been made to diagnose the network anomaly. Performance analysis and results show the accuracy of the proposed scheme in detecting anomalies.
description: Submitted to Journal of Computer Science and Engineering, see http://sites.google.com/site/jcseuk/volume-1-issue-1-may-2010
Black Holes as Incompressible Fluids on the Sphere
Creators: name: Bredberg, Irene
name: Strominger, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider finite deformations of the p+2-dimensional Schwarzschild geometry which obey the vacuum Einstein equation, preserve the mean curvature and induced conformal metric on a sphere a distance $λ$ from the horizon and are regular on the future horizon. We show perturbatively that in the limit $λ$ approaches 0 the deformations are given by solutions of the nonlinear incompressible Navier-Stokes equation on the p-sphere. This relation provides a link between global existence for p-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes fluids and a novel form of cosmic censorship in p+2-dimensional general relativity.
The generalized second law of thermodynamics and the nature of the Entropy Function
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Subenoy
name: Mazumder, Nairwita
name: Biswas, Ritabrata
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In black hole physics, the second law of thermodynamics is generally valid whether the black hole is a static or a non-static one. Considering the universe as a thermodynamical system the second law of black hole dynamics extends to the non-negativity of the sum of the entropy of the matter and the horizon, known as generalized second law of thermodynamics(GSLT). Here, we have assumed the universe to be bounded by the event-horizon where Bekenstein entropy-area relation and Hawking-temperature are not applicable. Thus considering entropy to be an arbitrary function of the area of the event-horizon, we have tried to find the nature of the entropy-function for the validity of the GSLT both in quintessence-era and in phantom-era. Finally, some graphical representation of the entropy-function has been presented.
description: The paper contains 6 pages and two figures, the paper has been accepted by Euro Phys. Lett for publication
The road to new poly(methylenephosphine)s by the anionic polymerization of P=C bonds
Creators: name: Wang, Shuai
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: Addition polymerization of phosphaalkenes has been successfully used in the preparation of poly(methylenephosphine)s, but the candidate monomers are limited to phosphaalkenes bearing relatively bulky substituents like mesityl group. This thesis presents the investigations on the preparation and anionic polymerization of new phosphaalkene monomers bearing smaller substituents. In Chapter 1, the advantages of synthesizing inorganic polymers by addition polymerization is first introduced. Achievements in the synthesis of poly(methylenephosphine)s by addition polymerization of phosphaalkenes is briefly reviewed, followed by the illustration of the intriguing and challenging aspects of the preparation of phosphaalkenes bearing small substituents. In Chapter 2, studies on the anionic polymerization of XylP=CPh₂ are described. It was shown by the NMR characterization of the polymer obtained and the molecular model built for the polymerization that there was intramolecular H-transfer during the anionic polymerization. This isomerization should account for the slow propagation rate of the anionic polymerization of XylP=CPh₂. In Chapter 3, investigations on the preparation of PhP=CPh₂, o-TolP=CPh₂ and MesP=C(H)Ph by the phospha-Peterson reaction are presented. It was found that PhP=CPh₂ and o-TolP=CPh₂ had the tendency to dimerize and afford 1,2-diphosphetane upon formation. The coordination chemistry of PhP=CPh₂ and o-TolP=CPh₂ is also described with the characterization of W(CO)₄(PhP=CPh₂)₂ by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The anionic polymerization of "masked phosphaalkenes" is an alternative route to polymers containing phosphorus atoms in the main chain without the use of isolated phosphaalkenes. The development of a facile synthetic pathway to "masked phosphaalkenes" is illustrated in Chapter 4. To conclude, results presented in this thesis pave the road to new poly(methylenephosphine)s by anionic polymerization.
Fast and robust two- and three-qubit swapping gates on multi-atomic ensembles in quantum electrodynamic cavity
Creators: name: Andrianov, Sergey N.
name: Moiseev, Sergey A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Creation of quantum computer is outstanding fundamental and practical problem. The quantum computer could be used for execution of very complicated tasks which are not solvable with the classical computers. The first prototype of solid state quantum computer was created in 2009 with superconducting qubits. However, it suffers from the decoherent processes and it is desirable to find more practical encoding of qubits with long-lived coherence. It could be single impurity or vacancy centers in solids, but their interaction with electromagnetic radiation is rather weak. So, here, ensembles of atoms were proposed for the qubit encoding by using the dipole blockade mechanism in order to turn multilevel systems in two level ones. But dipole-dipole based blockade introduces an additional decoherence that limits its practical significance. Recently, the collective blockade mechanism has been proposed for the system of three-level atoms by using the different frequency shifts for the Raman transitions between the collective atomic states characterized by a different number of the excited atoms. Here, we propose two qubit gate by using another collective blockade mechanism in the system of two level atoms based on exchange interaction via the virtual photons between the multi-atomic ensembles in the resonator. Also we demonstrate the possibility of three qubit gate (Controlled SWAP gate) using a suppression of the swap-process between two multi-atomic ensembles due to dynamical shift of the atomic levels controlled by the states of photon encoded qubit.
GULP: Solar-Powered Smart Garbage Segregation Bins with SMS Notification and Machine Learning Image Processing
Creators: name: Sigongan, Jerome B.
name: Sinodlay, Hamer P.
name: Cuizon, Shahida Xerxy P.
name: Redondo, Joanna S.
name: Macapulay, Maricel G.
name: Bulahan-Undag, Charlene O.
name: Gumonan, Kenn Migan Vincent C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: C.5.3; I.2.1
subject: 68

description: This study intends to build a smartbin that segregates solid waste into its respective bins. To make the waste management process more interesting for the end-users; to notify the utility staff when the smart bin needs to be unloaded; to encourage an environment-friendly smart bin by utilizing renewable solar energy source. The researchers employed an Agile Development approach because it enables teams to manage their workloads successfully and create the highest-quality product while staying within their allocated budget. The six fundamental phases are planning, design, development, test, release, and feedback. The Overall quality testing result that was provided through the ISO/IEC 25010 evaluation which concludes a positive outcome. The overall average was 4.55, which is verbally interpreted as excellent. Additionally, the application can also independently run with its solar energy source. Users were able to enjoy the whole process of waste disposal through its interesting mechanisms. Based on the findings, a compressor is recommended to compress the trash when the trash level reaches its maximum point to create more rooms for more garbage. An algorithm to determine multiple garbage at a time is also recommended. Adding a solar tracker coupled with solar panel will help produce more renewable energy for the smart bin.
description: 19 pages, 6 figures, International Research Conference on Computer Engineering and Technology Education2023 (IRCCETE 2023)
Submillimeter/millimeter observations of the molecular clouds associated with the Tycho' Supernova Remnant
Creators: name: Xu, Jin-Long
name: Wang, Jun-Jie
name: Miller, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have carried out CO J=2-1 and CO J=3-2 observations toward Tycho's supernova remnant (SNR) using the KOSMA 3m-Telescope. From these observations we identified three molecular clouds (MCs) around the SNR. The small cloud in the southwest was discovered for the first time. In the north and east, two MCs (cloud A and cloud B) adjacent in space display a bow-shaped morphology, and have broad emission lines, which provide some direct evidences of the SNR-MCs interaction. The MCs is revealed at -69~-59 km \s, well coincident with the Tycho's SNR. The MCs associated with Tycho's SNR have a mass of ~2130 sun masses. Position-velocity diagrams show the two clouds adjacent in velocity which means possible cloud-cloud collision in this region. The maximum value (0.66) of integrated CO line intensity ratio I(CO J=3-2/CO J=2-1) for the three MCs agrees well with the previous measurement of individual Galactic MCs, implying that the SNR shock just drove into the MCs. The two MCs have a line intensity ratio gradient. The distribution of the ratio appears to indicate that the shock propagates from the southwest to the northeast.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures. Accepted, RAA
Entanglement Entropy in String Compactifications
Creators: name: Dabholkar, Atish
name: Moitra, Upamanyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider $\mathbb{Z}_N$ orbifolds of Type-II compactifications to four and six dimensions on several Calabi-Yau manifolds in the orbifold limit with the aim to compute the entanglement entropy. The spectrum can contain tachyons in the doubly-twisted sectors which can lead to new infrared divergences for the partition function that are not present in the orbifolds of the uncompactified ten-dimensional theory. We show that all tachyonic contributions in these models admit a resummation and analytic continuation that yields finite entropy in the physical region $0 < N \leq 1$ just as in ten dimensions.
description: 17 pages; v2: Minor improvements, published in JHEP
Additional file 1 of A predatory myxobacterium controls cucumber Fusarium wilt by regulating the soil microbial community
Creators: name: Ye, Xianfeng
name: Li, Zhoukun
name: Luo, Xue
name: Wang, Wenhui
name: Li, Yongkai
name: Li, Rui
name: Zhang, Bo
name: Qiao, Yan
name: Zhou, Jie
name: Fan, Jiaqin
name: Wang, Hui
name: Huang, Yan
name: Cao, Hui
name: Cui, Zhongli
name: Zhang, Ruifu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Detection of the number of myxospores in strain EGB solid culture at different storage times.
Top condensation as a motivated explanation of the top forward-backward asymmetry
Creators: name: Cui, Yanou
name: Han, Zhenyu
name: Schwartz, Matthew D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Models of top condensation can provide both a compelling solution to the hierarchy problem as well as an explanation of why the top-quark mass is large. The spectrum of such models, in particular topcolor-assisted technicolor, includes top-pions, top-rhos and the top-Higgs, all of which can easily have large top-charm or top-up couplings. Large top-up couplings in particular would lead to a top forward-backward asymmetry through $t$-channel exchange, easily consistent with the Tevatron measurements. Intriguingly, there is destructive interference between the top-mesons and the standard model which conspire to make the overall top pair production rate consistent with the standard model. The rate for same-sign top production is also small due to destructive interference between the neutral top-pion and the top-Higgs. Flavor physics is under control because new physics is mostly confined to the top quark. In this way, top condensation can explain the asymmetry and be consistent with all experimental bounds. There are many additional signatures of topcolor with large tu mixing, such as top(s)+jet(s) events, in which a top and a jet reconstruct a resonance mass, which make these models easily testable at the LHC.
description: 30 pages, 6 figures
Offline Arabic Handwriting Recognition Using Artificial Neural Network
Creators: name: Zaidan, A. A
name: Zaidan, B. B
name: Jalab, Hamid. A.
name: Alanazi, Hamdan. O.
name: Alnaqeib, Rami
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The ambition of a character recognition system is to transform a text document typed on paper into a digital format that can be manipulated by word processor software Unlike other languages, Arabic has unique features, while other language doesn't have, from this language these are seven or eight language such as ordo, jewie and Persian writing, Arabic has twenty eight letters, each of which can be linked in three different ways or separated depending on the case. The difficulty of the Arabic handwriting recognition is that, the accuracy of the character recognition which affects on the accuracy of the word recognition, in additional there is also two or three from for each character, the suggested solution by using artificial neural network can solve the problem and overcome the difficulty of Arabic handwriting recognition.
description: Submitted to Journal of Computer Science and Engineering, see http://sites.google.com/site/jcseuk/volume-1-issue-1-may-2010
Traversable Wormhole Solutions admitting Noether Symmetry in $f(\mathcal{R,}\mathcal{T}^{2})$ Theory
Creators: name: Gul, M. Zeeshan
name: Sharif, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper uses the Noether symmetry approach to examine the viable and stable traversable wormhole solutions in the framework of $f(\mathcal{R,}\mathcal{T}^{2})$ theory, where $\mathcal{R}$ is the Ricci scalar and $\mathcal{T}^{2}=\mathcal{T}_{μν}\mathcal{T}^{μν}$ is the self-contraction of stress-energy tensor. For this purpose, we consider a specific model of this modified theory to obtain exact solutions of the Noether equations. Further, we formulate the generators of Noether symmetry and first integrals of motion. We analyze the presence of viable and stable traversable wormhole solutions corresponding to different redshift functions. In order to determine whether this theory provides physically viable and stable wormhole geometry or not, we check the graphical behavior of null energy constraint, causality condition and adiabatic index for effective stress-energy tensor. It is found that viable and stable traversable wormhole solutions exist in this modified theory.
description: 33 pages, 12 figures
title: A critical analysis of the introduction of essential oil distillation in the High Atlas of Morocco with reference to the role of gendered traditional knowledge
Creators: name: Montanari, Bernadette
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2021

description: A new decentralisation policy in Morocco in line with international development best practice policies promises a close partnership with local communities to overcome local natural resource degradation, poverty and out-migration. Community-based resource management is believed to enhance these strategies. This thesis investigates and evaluates the mechanisms of implementation for a project to produce essential oil in a Berber community of the High Atlas Mountains, and seeks to examine the role of gendered traditional practices in this context. Using ethnobotanical and anthropological approaches, the research identifies factors that jeopardise the successful implementation of the project. At the macro level, the study suggests that a decentralisation policy claiming to be participatory does not address the central local issues, and does not build on community norms and customs that might better facilitate implementation of the project. It is shown that the aim of the government is not to integrate the community as an equal partner in decision-making, to promulgate local socio-economic development, but rather to act as an employer of a local labour force. Within the community, the project was initially perceived as promising socioeconomic leverage, but has so far benefited only a handful of individuals. Local lineage politics and traditional political culture threatens community development. Although these also influence women’s interests, my results show that traditional knowledge practices, especially those of women, are crucial to the success of the enterprise. The study reveals, however, that the community possesses inherent key features that would facilitate community-based resource management. These refer to the communities’ internal organisation, a population eager to earn an income, and an abundance of aromatic and medicinal plants, particularly thyme and lavender, from which a valuable essential oil is extracted. The communities could therefore benefit from the onward sale of these products in the country’s lucrative herbal market.