cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Maternal Metformin Intervention during Obese Glucose-Intolerant Pregnancy Affects Adiposity in Young Adult Mouse Offspring in a Sex-Specific Manner.
Creators: name: Schoonejans, Josca M
name: Blackmore, Heather L
name: Ashmore, Thomas J
name: Aiken, Catherine E
name: Fernandez-Twinn, Denise S
name: Ozanne, Susan E
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Metformin
Sex differences
Gestational Diabetes
White Adipose Tissue
Maternal Obesity
Foetal Programming

description: BackgroundMetformin is commonly used to treat gestational diabetes mellitus. This study investigated the effect of maternal metformin intervention during obese glucose-intolerant pregnancy on the gonadal white adipose tissue (WAT) of 8-week-old male and female mouse offspring.MethodsC57BL/6J female mice were provided with a control (Con) or obesogenic diet (Ob) to induce pre-conception obesity. Half the obese dams were treated orally with 300 mg/kg/d of metformin (Ob-Met) during pregnancy. Gonadal WAT depots from 8-week-old offspring were investigated for adipocyte size, macrophage infiltration and mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory genes using RT-PCR.ResultsGestational metformin attenuated the adiposity in obese dams and increased the gestation length without correcting the offspring in utero growth restriction and catch-up growth caused by maternal obesity. Despite similar body weight, the Ob and Ob-Met offspring of both sexes showed adipocyte hypertrophy in young adulthood. Male Ob-Met offspring had increased WAT depot weight (p < 0.05), exaggerated adipocyte hyperplasia (p < 0.05 vs. Con and Ob offspring), increased macrophage infiltration measured via histology (p < 0.05) and the mRNA expression of F4/80 (p < 0.05). These changes were not observed in female Ob-Met offspring.ConclusionsMaternal metformin intervention during obese pregnancy causes excessive adiposity, adipocyte hyperplasia and WAT inflammation in male offspring, highlighting sex-specific effects of prenatal metformin exposure on offspring WAT.
Computation predicts rapidly adapting mechanotransduction currents cannot account for tactile encoding in Merkel cell-neurite complexes
Creators: name: Gerling, Gregory J.
name: Wan, Lingtian
name: Hoffman, Benjamin U.
name: Wang, Yuxiang
name: Lumpkin, Ellen A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Computational biology
Merkel cells
Skin--Physiology
Action potentials (Electrophysiology)
Afferent pathways

description: Distinct firing properties among touch receptors are influenced by multiple, interworking anatomical structures. Our understanding of the functions and crosstalk of Merkel cells and their associated neurites—the end organs of slowly adapting type I (SAI) afferents—remains incomplete. Piezo2 mechanically activated channels are required both in Merkel cells and in sensory neurons for canonical SAI responses in rodents; however, a central unanswered question is how rapidly inactivating currents give rise to sustained action potential volleys in SAI afferents. The computational model herein synthesizes mechanotransduction currents originating from Merkel cells and neurites, in context of skin mechanics and neural dynamics. Its goal is to mimic distinct spike firing patterns from wildtype animals, as well as Atoh1 knockout animals that completely lack Merkel cells. The developed generator function includes a Merkel cell mechanism that represents its mechanotransduction currents and downstream voltage-activated conductances (slower decay of current) and a neurite mechanism that represents its mechanotransduction currents (faster decay of current). To mimic sustained firing in wildtype animals, a longer time constant was needed than the 200 ms observed for mechanically activated membrane depolarizations in rodent Merkel cells. One mechanism that suffices is to introduce an ultra-slowly inactivating current, with a time constant on the order of 1.7 s. This mechanism may drive the slow adaptation of the sustained response, for which the skin’s viscoelastic relaxation cannot account. Positioned within the sensory neuron, this source of current reconciles the physiology and anatomical characteristics of Atoh1 knockout animals.
A template-based method for semi-quantitative single photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging
Creators: name: Hughes, Tyler John
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: This thesis presents the template-based quantitative perfusion SPECT (TQPS) method, which is designed for the semi-quantitative analysis in SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). Unlike traditional methods employing normal patient databases as the healthy standard when quantifying myocardial perfusion defects, the proposed method utilizes a patient-specific template for its healthy standard. In doing so, TQPS aims to overcome a number of the limitations associated with the non-patient-specific nature of normal patient databases. The TQPS method begins with the construction of a template, which is a 3D digital model of the patient’s healthy heart, using the SPECT reconstructed image. The template is then projected, reconstructed and sampled into the bulls-eye map domain. A ratio of the patient and template bulls-eye images produces a final corrected image in which a patient-specific threshold is applied to identify perfusion defects. Traditional semi-quantitative cardiac measurements, such as the summed stress score and perfusion defect extent were employed for the analysis. This thesis presents the investigation of TQPS in three phases: method evaluation, optimization, and validation. The first two phases focused on controlled simulation studies in which the assessment was based on how well TQPS was able to quantify myocardial perfusion defects relative to the truth. In these studies, the method was able to spatially define perfusion defects with a sensitivity and specificity of 79% and 76%, respectively, while estimating the global perfusion defect size to within 3% of the truth. In the third phase, the aim was to clinically evaluate TQPS relative to an established commercial method (QPS). TQPS exhibited improved specificity relative to the commercial method for the detection of significant coronary artery disease in the left anterior descending artery. The sensitivities for detecting 70% stenosis or greater in the LAD, LCX and RCA territories for QPS and TQPS were 60%, 82%, 75%, and 88%, 94%, 75%, respectively. In summary, the TQPS method was able to accurately quantify myocardial perfusion defects in SPECT MPI, while exhibiting considerable advantages over a traditional normal database method, particularly in the LAD coronary territory.
Cosmography and constraints on the equation of state of the Universe in various parametrizations
Creators: name: Aviles, Alejandro
name: Gruber, Christine
name: Luongo, Orlando
name: Quevedo, Hernando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use cosmography to present constraints on the kinematics of the Universe, without postulating any underlying theoretical model. To this end, we use a Monte Carlo Markov Chain analysis to perform comparisons to the supernova Ia Union 2 compilation, combined with the Hubble Space Telescope measurements of the Hubble constant, and the Hubble parameter datasets. We introduce a sixth order cosmographic parameter and show that it does not enlarge considerably the posterior distribution when comparing to the fifth order results. We also propose a way to construct viable parameter variables to be used as alternatives of the redshift $z$. These can overcome both the problems of divergence and lack of accuracy associated with the use of $z$. Moreover, we show that it is possible to improve the numerical fits by re-parameterizing the cosmological distances. In addition, we constrain the equation of state of the Universe as a whole by the use of cosmography. Thus, we derive expressions which can be directly used to fit the equation of state and the pressure derivatives up to fourth order. To this end, it is necessary to depart from a pure cosmographic analysis and to assume the Friedmann equations as valid. All our results are consistent with the $Λ$CDM model, although alternative fluid models, with nearly constant pressure and no cosmological constant, match the results accurately as well.
description: 23 pages. 1 reference added. Minor corrections
Arius gagora
Creators: name: Zainal Abidin, Danial Hariz
name: Lavoué, Sébastien
name: Mohd Abu Hassan Alshari, Norli Fauzani
name: Mohd. Nor, Siti Azizah
name: A. Rahim, Masazurah
name: Mohammed Akib, Noor Adelyna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Siluriformes
Ariidae
Arius
Arius gagora

description: Arius gagora (Hamilton, 1822) Material examined. MALAYSIA • 3, 75– 95 mm TL; Kedah State, Kuala Kedah, Kuala Muda Whispering Market; 05.578°N, 100.341°E; 6 Dec. 2018; Danial H. Zainal Abidin, Norli F.M.A.H. Alshari leg.; USMFC (66) 00005.
description: Published as part of Zainal Abidin, Danial Hariz, Lavoué, Sébastien, Mohd Abu Hassan Alshari, Norli Fauzani, Mohd. Nor, Siti Azizah, A. Rahim, Masazurah & Mohammed Akib, Noor Adelyna, 2021, Ichthyofauna of Sungai Merbok Mangrove Forest Reserve, northwest Peninsular Malaysia, and its adjacent marine waters, pp. 601-631 in Check List 17 (2) on page 616, DOI: 10.15560/17.2.601
title: Acute and Chronic Physiological Responses to Endurance Exercise of Varying Durations: Neuromuscular, Hematological, and Integrative Outcomes
Creators: name: Tripp, Thomas
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: High-intensity interval training
subject: Hemoglobin
subject: Skeletal muscle oxidative capacity
subject: Neuromuscular fatigue
subject: Oxygen uptake
subject: Exercise performance
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The integrative action of several physiological systems supports increased skeletal muscle energy demand during exercise. Physiological systems structurally and functionally adapt when exercise stresses are regularly imposed during a period of training. These adaptations, in turn, reduce the homeostatic stress for a given exercise bout. In particular, the impacts of exercise duration and exercise frequency on acute and chronic exercise responses are poorly understood. During prolonged exercise, physiological systems are activated to support muscle contraction, but metabolite accumulation and substrate depletion inevitably occur. During a training program, the balance between the number of times an exercise stress is experienced and the amount of stress per instance implicates exercise frequency along with duration as factors influencing physiological adaptations. This dissertation sought to address gaps in our understanding of the acute responses to differing exercise durations, and to compare chronic training adaptations when total exercise volume is the same. Study 1(Chapter III) showed that near-infrared spectroscopy measures of muscle oxidative capacity are sensitive to contraction intensity, necessitating intensity controls when the technique is used in future studies. Study 2 (Chapter IV) characterized neuromuscular fatigue kinetics during high-intensity interval training and showed that the largest deficits occur early during exercise, implying that additional exercise stress diminished during later bouts. Study 3 (Chapter V) investigated erythropoietic signalling when exercise duration is doubled. I found that increases in erythropoietin mass were not different after both exercise durations, despite hypervolemia only occurring after longer exercise. Study 4 (Chapter VI) aimed to probe whether the acute differences I found between exercise durations impacted training adaptations. This study showed that both long, low-frequency (a Weekend Warrior pattern) and shorter, high-frequency training similarly improved maximal oxygen uptake, hemoglobin mass, muscle oxidative capacity, and exercise capacity. The findings of this dissertation suggest that for some exercise responses, duration does not substantially augment the magnitude of acute stress/signalling events; however, when comparing different frequencies of exposure to that exercise stress, training adaptations were not different. Future studies should address how this acute stress/signal-to-chronic adaptation discrepancy occurs in the context of exercise duration and training frequency.
Impact of climate variability on the transmission risk of malaria in northern Côte d'Ivoire
Creators: name: M'Bra, Richard K.
name: Kone, Brama
name: Soro, Dramane P.
name: N'krumah, Raymond T. A. S.
name: Soro, Nagnin
name: Ndione, Jacques A.
name: Sy, Ibrahima
name: Ceccato, Pietro N.
name: Ebi, Kristie L.
name: Utzinger, Jürg
name: Schindler, Christian
name: Cissé, Guéladio
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Malaria--Transmission
Climatic changes--Health aspects
Mosquitoes as carriers of disease
Environmental sciences
Public health

description: Since the 1970s, the northern part of Côte d'Ivoire has experienced considerable fluctuation in its meteorology including a general decrease of rainfall and increase of temperature from 1970 to 2000, a slight increase of rainfall since 2000, a severe drought in 2004–2005 and flooding in 2006–2007. Such changing climate patterns might affect the transmission of malaria. The purpose of this study was to analyze climate and environmental parameters associated with malaria transmission in Korhogo, a city in northern Côte d’Ivoire. All data were collected over a 10-year period (2004–2013). Rainfall, temperature and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were the climate and environmental variables considered. Association between these variables and clinical malaria data was determined, using negative binomial regression models. From 2004 to 2013, there was an increase in the annual average precipitation (1100.3–1376.5 mm) and the average temperature (27.2°C—27.5°C). The NDVI decreased from 0.42 to 0.40. We observed a strong seasonality in these climatic variables, which resembled the seasonality in clinical malaria. An incremental increase of 10 mm of monthly precipitation was, on average, associated with a 1% (95% Confidence interval (CI): 0.7 to 1.2%) and a 1.2% (95% CI: 0.9 to 1.5%) increase in the number of clinical malaria episodes one and two months later respectively. A 1°C increase in average monthly temperature was, on average, associated with a decline of a 3.5% (95% CI: 0.1 to 6.7%) in clinical malaria episodes. A 0.1 unit increase in monthly NDVI was associated with a 7.3% (95% CI: 0.8 to 14.1%) increase in the monthly malaria count. There was a similar increase for the preceding-month lag (6.7% (95% CI: 2.3% to 11.2%)). The study results can be used to establish a malaria early warning system in Korhogo to prepare for outbreaks of malaria, which would increase community resilience no matter the magnitude and pattern of climate change.
How Population Density and Auxin Concentration  Effect Growth Rates of Arthrospira platensis Cultures
Creators: name: Victor M Rodriguez
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: algae
northeast algal symposium
auxin
indole-3-acetic acid

description: This poster was presented at the poster session of the annual meeting of the Northeast Algal Symposium on April 9th, 2022.
Potato Breeding by Many Hands? Measuring the Germplasm Exchange Based on a Cultivated Potatoes Database
Creators: name: Cabrera, Lilian Cervo
name: Talamini, Edson
name: Dewes, Homero
Publisher: name: International Journal on Food System Dynamics
Year: 2019
Subjects: scientometrics; cientific cooperation; potato germplasm database; European Cultivated Potato Database

description: measured through the exchange of information and materials. In agriculture, potato late blight is still a challenge to the breeding programs. Accessing different materials, which can be used as sources of resistance, is the key to successful disease control. This article maps the germplasm exchanges carried out by potato breeding in the world as a way to measure collaboration between countries. Cultivars of potato resistant to late blight were selected based on a European database and some countries stood out from others. This was mainly the case of Germany and the Netherlands. Most of the countries have greater links with themselves than with other countries, with reinforces the idea that national breeding programs work more closely within their own country than with other countries. The hegemony of some countries, the prioritization of national research and the high costs of developing a resistant cultivar can be obstacles to greater collaboration.
description: International Journal on Food System Dynamics, Vol 10, No 1 (2019)
Statistics of coarse-grained cosmological fields in stochastic inflation
Creators: name: Tada, Yuichiro
name: Vennin, Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a generic framework to compute the one-point statistics of cosmological perturbations, when coarse-grained at an arbitrary scale $R$, in the presence of quantum diffusion. Making use of the stochastic-$δN$ formalism, we show how it can be related to the statistics of the amount of expansion realised until the scale $R$ crosses out the Hubble radius. This leads us to explicit formulae for the probability density function (PDF) of the curvature perturbation, the comoving density contrast, and the compaction function. We then apply our formalism to the calculation of the mass distribution of primordial black holes produced in a single-field model containing a "quantum well" (i.e. an exactly flat region in the potential). We confirm that the PDFs feature heavy, exponential tails, with an additional cubic suppression in the case of the curvature perturbation. The large-mass end of the mass distribution is shown to be mostly driven by stochastic-contamination effects, which produce black holes more massive than those naively expected. This work bridges the final gap between the stochastic-inflation formalism and the calculation of the mass distribution of astrophysical objects such as primordial black holes, and opens up various prospects that we finally discuss.
description: 39 pages, 6 figures; v2 matches the published version in JCAP; v3 corrects typos; v4 corrects typos
The Clustering of Galaxies in the SDSS-III DR9 Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: Testing Deviations from $Λ$ and General Relativity using anisotropic clustering of galaxies
Creators: name: Samushia, Lado
name: Reid, Beth A.
name: White, Martin
name: Percival, Will J.
name: Cuesta, Antonio J.
name: Lombriser, Lucas
name: Manera, Marc
name: Nichol, Robert C.
name: Schneider, Donald P.
name: Bizyaev, Dmitry
name: Brewington, Howard
name: Malanushenko, Elena
name: Malanushenko, Viktor
name: Oravetz, Daniel
name: Pan, Kaike
name: Simmons, Audrey
name: Shelden, Alaina
name: Snedden, Stephanie
name: Tinker, Jeremy L.
name: Weaver, Benjamin A.
name: York, Donald G.
name: Zhao, Gong-Bo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the joint measurement of geometry and growth from anisotropic galaxy clustering in the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey Data Release 9 CMASS sample reported by Reid et al. to constrain dark energy properties and possible deviations from the General Relativity. Assuming GR and taking a prior on the linear matter power spectrum at high redshift from the cosmic microwave background (CMB), anisotropic clustering of the CMASS DR9 galaxies alone constrains $Ω_{\rm m} = 0.308 \pm 0.022$ and $100Ω_{\rm k} = 5.9 \pm 4.8$ for $w = -1$, or $w = -0.91 \pm 0.12$ for $Ω_k = 0$. When combined with the full CMB likelihood, the addition of the anisotropic clustering measurements to the spherically-averaged BAO location increases the constraining power on dark energy by a factor of 4 in a flat CDM cosmology with constant dark energy equation of state $w$ (giving $w = -0.87 \pm 0.05$). This impressive gain depends on our measurement of both the growth of structure and Alcock-Paczynski effect, and is not realised when marginalising over the amplitude of redshift space distortions. Combining with both the CMB and Supernovae Type Ia (SNeIa), we find $Ω_{\rm m} = 0.281 \pm 0.014$ and $1000Ω_{\rm k}=-9.2\pm5.0$ for $w = -1$, or $w_0 = -1.13 \pm 0.12$ and $w_{\rm a}=0.65 \pm 0.36$ assuming $Ω_k = 0$. Finally, when a $Λ$CDM background expansion is assumed, the combination of our estimate of the growth rate with previous growth measurements provides tight constraints on the parameters describing possible deviations from GR giving $γ= 0.64 \pm 0.05$. For one parameter extensions of the flat $Λ$CDM model, we find a $\sim 2σ$ preference either for $w > -1$ or slower growth than in GR. However, the data is fully consistent with the concordance model, and the evidence for these additional parameters is weaker than $2σ$.
description: 16 pages, 13 figures, 5 tables. Matches published version
title: Whatls Left After Distillation? How Knowledge Transfer Impacts Fairness and Bias
Creators: name: Mohammadshahi, Aida
Publisher: name: Schulich School of Engineering
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Knowledge Distillation
subject: Efficient Deep Learning
subject: Bias
subject: Fairness
subject: Artificial Intelligence

description: Knowledge Distillation is a commonly used Deep Neural Network (DNN) compression method, which often maintains overall generalization performance. However, we show that even for balanced image classification datasets, such as CIFAR-100, Tiny ImageNet and ImageNet, as many as 41% of the classes are statistically significantly affected by distillation when comparing class-wise accuracy (i.e. class bias) between a teacher/distilled student or distilled student/non-distilled student model. Changes in class bias are not necessarily an undesirable outcome when considered outside of the context of a model’s usage. Using two common fairness metrics, Demographic Parity Difference (DPD) and Equalized Odds Difference (EOD) on models trained with the CelebA, Trifeature, and HateXplain datasets, our results suggest that increasing the distillation temperature improves the distilled student model’s fairness, and the distilled student fairness can even surpass the fairness of the teacher model at high temperatures. This study highlights the uneven effects of distillation on certain classes and its potentially significant role in fairness, emphasizing that caution is warranted when using distilled models for sensitive application domains.
Jack and the blue flower : an aural myth
Creators: name: Pridy, Colin Bradley
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: This Dissertation, entitled Jack and the Blue Flower: An Aural Myth, establishes a new approach to formal design, referred to henceforth as a Musical Personograph. This 17-minute work presents a highly developed musical portrait of an individual, in this case British writer and philosopher-theologian C. S. (“Jack”) Lewis. The conceptual and compositional designs are a synthesis of (1) the core principles of Personography, a psychological discipline that seeks to empirically determine the ways in which an individual establishes self-identity via an internalized and evolving life-story; (2) leitmotif and thematic transformation techniques, extended and expanded to include not only melody but harmony; rhythm; polyrhythm and polymeter; pitch centers; orchestration; tonality, polytonality, and atonality; (3) stratified textures consisting of perceptually distinct layers of musical material that contribute fundamentally to the overall shape and form of the work. Novel compositional principles applied include (1) an exploration of the expressive possibilities of an updated approach to programmatic music (musical materials with relationships to extra-musical symbols); (2) the use of intrinsically musical narrative and/or dramatic structures—that is, the establishment of a compositional design that imparts a narrative and/or dramatic structure to a work that functions independently of any imposed extra-musical associations. This work’s intrinsically musical narrative is accomplished via forward- and backward-pointing references (in time) to audibly recognizable musical material of primary importance, called Musical Aspects and Narrative Agents; changes to the musical context framing said Aspects and Agents as the work progresses; the use of multiple musical languages and rhetorical devices which, through shared cultural associations, enable the listener to assign dramatic and/or emotional values to the musical narrative as it unfolds.
Dynamics of quarks and gauge fields in the lowest-energy states in QCD and QED
Creators: name: Wong, Cheuk-Yin
name: Koshelkin, Andrew V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the dynamics of quarks and gauge fields in the lowest energy states in the QED and QCD interactions by combining Schwinger's longitudinal confinement in (1+1)D with Polyakov's transverse confinement in (2+1)D in a ``stretch (2+1)D'' flux tube model in (3+1)D. For such QED and QED systems in the flux tube configuration with cylindrical symmetry, we separate out the transverse and longitudinal degrees of freedom, approximate the non-Abelian QCD in the quasi-Abelian approximation, and solve the derived equations to study the collective excitations. We find stable collective QED and QCD excitations showing up as confined QED and QCD mesons, in support of previous theoretical studies and recent observations of the anomalous hypothetical X17 and E38 particles. Future theoretical lattice gauge calculations of QED in (3+1)D with the inclusion of the Schwinger longitudinal confinement mechanism and experimental confirmation of the hypothetical X17 and E38 particles will shed definitive light on quark confinement in the QED interaction in (3+1)D.
description: 34 pages, 2 figures,
Context-dependent expression of a conditionally-inducible form of active Akt
Creators: name: Park, Soyeon
name: Burke, Robert E.
name: Kareva, Tatyana
name: Kholodilov, Nikolai
name: Aime, Pascaline
name: Franke, Thomas F.
name: Levy, Oren Abraham
name: Greene, Lloyd A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Protein kinases
subject: Dopaminergic neurons
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biology

description: Akt kinases are key signaling components in proliferation-competent and post-mitotic cells. Here, we sought to create a conditionally-inducible form of active Akt for both in vitro and in vivo applications. We fused a ligand-responsive Destabilizing Domain (DD) derived from E. coli dihydrofolate reductase to a constitutively active mutant form of Akt1, Akt(E40K). Prior work indicated that such fusion proteins may be stabilized and induced by a ligand, the antibiotic Trimethoprim (TMP). We observed dose-dependent, reversible induction of both total and phosphorylated/active DD-Akt(E40K) by TMP across several cellular backgrounds in culture, including neurons. Phosphorylation of FoxO4, an Akt substrate, was significantly elevated after DD-Akt(E40K) induction, indicating the induced protein was functionally active. The induced Akt(E40K) protected cells from apoptosis evoked by serum deprivation and was neuroprotective in two cellular models of Parkinson's disease (6-OHDA and MPP+ exposure). There was no significant protection without induction. We also evaluated Akt(E40K) induction by TMP in mouse substantia nigra and striatum after neuronal delivery via an AAV1 adeno-associated viral vector. While there was significant induction in striatum, there was no apparent induction in substantia nigra. To explore the possible basis for this difference, we examined DD-Akt(E40K) induction in cultured ventral midbrain neurons. Both dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic neurons in the cultures showed DD-Akt(E40K) induction after TMP treatment. However, basal DD-Akt(E40K) expression was 3-fold higher for dopaminergic neurons, resulting in a significantly lower induction by TMP in this population. Such findings suggest that dopaminergic neurons may be relatively inefficient in protein degradation, a property that could relate to their lack of apparent DD-Akt(E40K) induction in vivo and to their selective vulnerability in Parkinson's disease. In summary, we generated an inducible, biologically active form of Akt. The degree of inducibility appears to reflect cellular context that will inform the most appropriate applications for this and related reagents.
title: Evaluating Eye-Tracking Multimodal Interactions in Virtual Reality
Creators: name: Shishir, Naznin Sharmin
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Computer Science

description: Virtual reality (VR) has gained significant traction as a tool for both education and gaming in recent years. This research explores the accuracy and effectiveness of eye tracking as an object interaction method in VR. Specifically, this thesis presents the development of an interactive virtual environment designed to compare the interaction time, accuracy, and task load associated with eye tracking, distance-based hand tracking, and close-up grabbing during interactions with 3D objects. A user study was conducted to compare the three interaction methods. The findings provide evidence that eye-tracking multimodal interactions outperforms both hand tracking methods across multiple metrics.
Minority Report. The Myth of Equality in Digital Humanities
Creators: name: Bordalejo, Barbara
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Digital Humanities, Diversity, Feminism, Intersectionality

description: This is the published, online version of the article included in Bodies of Information: Intersectional Feminism and Digital Humanities. It can be found here: https://dhdebates.gc.cuny.edu/read/untitled-4e08b137-aec5-49a4-83c0-38258425f145/section/46cde2dd-e524-4cbf-8c70-e76e2c98f015
Additional file 8 of Physiological, metabolomic, and transcriptomic reveal metabolic pathway alterations in Gymnocypris przewalskii due to cold exposure
Creators: name: Liu, Sijia
name: Tian, Fei
name: Qi, Delin
name: Qi, Hongfang
name: Wang, Yang
name: Xu, Shixiao
name: Zhao, Kai
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 8.
Hexanematichthys sagor
Creators: name: Zainal Abidin, Danial Hariz
name: Lavoué, Sébastien
name: Mohd Abu Hassan Alshari, Norli Fauzani
name: Mohd. Nor, Siti Azizah
name: A. Rahim, Masazurah
name: Mohammed Akib, Noor Adelyna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Siluriformes
Ariidae
Hexanematichthys
Hexanematichthys sagor

description: Hexanematichthys sagor (Hamilton, 1822) Material examined. MALAYSIA • 3, 275– 320 mm TL; Kedah State, Kuala Kedah, Kuala Muda Whispering Market; 05.578°N, 100.341°E; 6 Dec. 2018; Danial H. Zainal Abidin, Norli F.M.A.H. Alshari leg.; USMFC (66) 00002.
description: Published as part of Zainal Abidin, Danial Hariz, Lavoué, Sébastien, Mohd Abu Hassan Alshari, Norli Fauzani, Mohd. Nor, Siti Azizah, A. Rahim, Masazurah & Mohammed Akib, Noor Adelyna, 2021, Ichthyofauna of Sungai Merbok Mangrove Forest Reserve, northwest Peninsular Malaysia, and its adjacent marine waters, pp. 601-631 in Check List 17 (2) on page 616, DOI: 10.15560/17.2.601
Cooperative mercury motion in the ionic conductor Cu2HgI4
Creators: name: Pelc, Damjan
name: Markovic, Igor
name: Pozek, Miroslav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the observation of glass-like dynamic correlations of mobile mercury ions in the ionic conductor Cu2HgI4, detected in both NMR and nonlinear conductivity experiments. The results show that dynamic cooperativity appears in systems seemingly unrelated to glassy and soft arrested materials. A simple kinetic two-component model is proposed, which seems to provide a good description of the cooperative ionic dynamics.
description: 5+2 pages (including supplemental material) This is final, accepted version
title: Empowering Indigenous Youth: A Strengths-Based Approach to Positive Development, Relationship Safety, and Community Building
Creators: name: Van Bavel, Marisa
Publisher: name: Werklund School of Education
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Indigenous youth
subject: culturally responsive practice
subject: strengths-based
subject: community-led approaches
subject: youth wellness
subject: Educational Psychology

description: This dissertation presents three interconnected manuscripts on various aspects of Indigenous youth wellness and the researcher’s journey in community-based research. The first paper (Chapter Two) provides a review of wellness factors that help Indigenous youth thrive. These factors are explored through the lens of the First Nations Mental Wellness Continuum framework. When cultural, social, and historical factors are prioritized, Indigenous youth may find hope, belonging, purpose, and meaning. Further, this review emphasises that culturally rooted initiatives empower Indigenous youth to build on their strengths. In paper two (Chapter Three), I utilized data from the nationally representative General Social Survey: Canadian’s Safety to explore Indigenous youths’ experiences of dating violence. Dating violence represents a manifestation of unhealthy relationship patterns that have emerged from colonial violence. Dating violence was significantly associated with age and gender, along with several social and psychological factors including religion, sense of belonging, and awareness of services. Findings illuminate the need for cultural and community supports as experiences of dating violence were significantly associated with poorer well-being among Indigenous youth. This secondary data analysis presents emerging insights into Indigenous youths’ experience of dating violence and offers some suggestions that can inform programming to support survivors. Finally, in paper three (Chapter Four), I share an autoethnography of my reflections observing Tsuut’ina Nation Police as they built a prevention and intervention program for youth who may be justice-system involved. This personal account sheds light on challenges and learning opportunities for Western researchers. I discuss the need to be flexible, respect local knowledge, and illustrate the practical application of principles discussed in previous chapters. This paper showcases the strengths of Tsuut’ina Nation, and the inherent capacity Indigenous communities have to develop community-driven, culturally-relevant programming that supports their youth. Together, these chapters present a deeper understanding of Indigenous youth wellness and the significance of culturally responsive, community-driven approaches. Indigenous knowledge must be integrated into practice and research to foster positive outcomes for Indigenous youth.
An effective theory of accelerated expansion
Creators: name: Jimenez, Raul
name: Talavera, P.
name: Verde, Licia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We work out an effective theory of accelerated expansion to describe general phenomena of inflation and acceleration (dark energy) in the Universe. Our aim is to determine from theoretical grounds, in a physically-motivated and model independent way, which and how many (free) parameters are needed to broadly capture the physics of a theory describing cosmic acceleration. Our goal is to make as much as possible transparent the physical interpretation of the parameters describing the expansion. We show that, at leading order, there are five independent parameters, of which one can be constrained via general relativity tests. The other four parameters need to be determined by observing and measuring the cosmic expansion rate only, H(z). Therefore we suggest that future cosmology surveys focus on obtaining an accurate as possible measurement of $H(z)$ to constrain the nature of accelerated expansion (dark energy and/or inflation).
description: In press; minor changes, results unchanged
Source Free Unsupervised Graph Domain Adaptation
Creators: name: Mao, Haitao
name: Du, Lun
name: Zheng, Yujia
name: Fu, Qiang
name: Li, Zelin
name: Chen, Xu
name: Han, Shi
name: Zhang, Dongmei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved great success on a variety of tasks with graph-structural data, among which node classification is an essential one. Unsupervised Graph Domain Adaptation (UGDA) shows its practical value of reducing the labeling cost for node classification. It leverages knowledge from a labeled graph (i.e., source domain) to tackle the same task on another unlabeled graph (i.e., target domain). Most existing UGDA methods heavily rely on the labeled graph in the source domain. They utilize labels from the source domain as the supervision signal and are jointly trained on both the source graph and the target graph. However, in some real-world scenarios, the source graph is inaccessible because of privacy issues. Therefore, we propose a novel scenario named Source Free Unsupervised Graph Domain Adaptation (SFUGDA). In this scenario, the only information we can leverage from the source domain is the well-trained source model, without any exposure to the source graph and its labels. As a result, existing UGDA methods are not feasible anymore. To address the non-trivial adaptation challenges in this practical scenario, we propose a model-agnostic algorithm called SOGA for domain adaptation to fully exploit the discriminative ability of the source model while preserving the consistency of structural proximity on the target graph. We prove the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm both theoretically and empirically. The experimental results on four cross-domain tasks show consistent improvements in the Macro-F1 score and Macro-AUC.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
EcoHIV infection of mice establishes latent viral reservoirs in T cells and active viral reservoirs in macrophages that are sufficient for induction of neurocognitive impairment
Creators: name: Gu, Chao-Jiang
name: Borjabad, Alejandra
name: Hadas, Eran
name: Kelschenbach, Jennifer
name: Kim, Boe-Hyun
name: Chao, Wei
name: Arancio, Ottavio
name: Suh, Jin
name: Polsky, Bruce
name: McMillan, JoEllyn
name: Edagwa, Benson
name: Gendelman, Howard E.
name: Potash, Mary Jane
name: Volsky, David Julian
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Antiretroviral agents
Macrophages
Mild cognitive impairment
Medicine
HIV infections

description: Suppression of HIV replication by antiretroviral therapy (ART) or host immunity can prevent AIDS but not other HIV-associated conditions including neurocognitive impairment (HIV-NCI). Pathogenesis in HIV-suppressed individuals has been attributed to reservoirs of latent-inducible virus in resting CD4+ T cells. Macrophages are persistently infected with HIV but their role as HIV reservoirs in vivo has not been fully explored. Here we show that infection of conventional mice with chimeric HIV, EcoHIV, reproduces physiological conditions for development of disease in people on ART including immunocompetence, stable suppression of HIV replication, persistence of integrated, replication-competent HIV in T cells and macrophages, and manifestation of learning and memory deficits in behavioral tests, termed here murine HIV-NCI. EcoHIV established latent reservoirs in CD4+ T lymphocytes in chronically-infected mice but could be induced by epigenetic modulators ex vivo and in mice. In contrast, macrophages expressed EcoHIV constitutively in mice for up to 16 months; murine leukemia virus (MLV), the donor of gp80 envelope in EcoHIV, did not infect macrophages. Both EcoHIV and MLV were found in brain tissue of infected mice but only EcoHIV induced NCI. Murine HIV-NCI was prevented by antiretroviral prophylaxis but once established neither persistent EcoHIV infection in mice nor NCI could be reversed by long-acting antiretroviral therapy. EcoHIV-infected, athymic mice were more permissive to virus replication in macrophages than were wild-type mice, suffered cognitive dysfunction, as well as increased numbers of monocytes and macrophages infiltrating the brain. Our results suggest an important role of HIV expressing macrophages in HIV neuropathogenesis in hosts with suppressed HIV replication.
title: Examining the Effects of an Outdoor Nature-Based Park Visit Program on the Behaviors, Mood, Quality of Life and Cognitive Symptoms of Individuals with Dementia and the Burden, Well-Being, and Support of Caregivers
Creators: name: Abolarin, Margaret Oluwabukola
Publisher: name: Arts
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Aging
subject: Dementia
subject: Alzheimer's
subject: Older Adults
subject: Neurocognitive
subject: Outdoor
subject: Nature
subject: Nature-based
subject: Psychosocial
subject: Pre-post
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Psychobiology
subject: Psychology--Clinical
subject: Psychology--Behavioral
subject: Health Care Management
subject: Mental Health
subject: Public Health
subject: Recreation

description: Background: As Canada's population ages, dementia prevalence is projected to rise significantly, highlighting the need for effective interventions to maintain cognitive function and enhance quality of life (QoL). Activities involving nature, particularly outdoor activities, may help slow cognitive decline and improve mood in people living with dementia (PLWD). However, the benefits of outdoor nature-based activities for PLWD in community settings and their impact on caregivers are poorly understood. Objective: This thesis examines the effects of an 8-week park visiting program on PLWD and caregivers. It investigates how this nature-based intervention is associated with changes in behaviour, mood, cognitive function, and QoL among PLWD, along with caregiver burden, well-being, and support. Design: This pilot study included community-dwelling PLWD and caregivers. Participants completed weekly 120-minute park visits guided by evidence-based recommendations. Outcome measures were collected at baseline, week 4, and week 8. The primary outcome measure was the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) to assess behavioural changes. Secondary outcomes included the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD), Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), Dementia Quality of Life (DEMQOL), Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) and the Carer Well-being and Support questionnaire (CWS). Results: Eight PLWD-caregiver pairs participated. The mean age of PLWD was 73.4 ± 5.8 years (mean ± standard deviation) and 62.5% males. Caregivers ranged in age from 45 to 71 years, with 87.5% being female. The NPI scores showed non-significant numerical improvement at Week 8 (mean difference (MD) -3.63, p = 0.10). Secondary outcomes revealed significant reductions in depressive symptoms on the CSDD (MD -1.50, p = 0.04) at Week 8, significant improvement in overall cognitive function on the RBANS (MD 6.25, p = 0.02) at Week 8, and a significant increase in QoL at Week 8 (DEMQOL: MD 3.25, p = 0.003; DEMQOL-proxy: MD 6.38, p = 0.04). Caregiver burden and well-being did not show significant changes Conclusion: Nature-based outdoor interventions, such as visits to local parks, may improve behaviours, mood, cognition, and QoL for PLWD, offering a promising lifestyle approach in dementia care. Future research could establish these activities as essential components of psychosocial dementia interventions.
Magnetic and Orbital Orders Coupled to Negative Thermal Expansion in Mott Insulators, Ca2Ru1-xMxO4 (M = Mn and Fe)
Creators: name: Qi, T. F.
name: Korneta, O. B.
name: Parkin, S.
name: Hu, Jiangping
name: Cao, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ca2RuO4 is a structurally-driven Mott insulator with a metal-insulator transition at TMI = 357K, followed by a well-separated antiferromagnetic order at TN = 110 K. Slightly substituting Ru with a 3d transition metal ion M effectively shifts TMI by weakening the orthorhombic distortion and induces either metamagnetism or magnetization reversal below TN. Moreover, M doping for Ru produces negative thermal expansion in Ca2Ru1-xMxO4 (M = Cr, Mn, Fe or Cu); the lattice volume expands on cooling with a total volume expansion ratio, ΔV/V, reaching as high as 1%. The onset of the negative thermal expansion closely tracks TMI and TN, sharply contrasting classic negative thermal expansion that shows no relevance to electronic properties. In addition, the observed negative thermal expansion occurs near room temperature and extends over a wide temperature interval up to 300 K. These findings underscores new physics driven by a complex interplay between orbital, spin and lattice degrees of freedom.
description: 7 Figures
Additional file 1 of Water extract from processed Polygonum multiflorum modulate gut microbiota and glucose metabolism on insulin resistant rats
Creators: name: Gu, Wen
name: Yang, Min
name: Bi, Qian
name: Zeng, Lin-Xi
name: Wang, Xi
name: Dong, Jin-Cai
name: Li, Feng-Jiao
name: Yang, Xing-Xin
name: Li, Jing-Ping
name: Yu, Jie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Weight changes. Weekly weight changes in each group of rats from 0 week to 12 weeks.