cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
NIR-Driven Moist Upper Atmospheres of Synchronously Rotating Temperate Terrestrial Exoplanets
Creators: name: Fujii, Yuka
name: Del Genio, Anthony D.
name: Amundsen, David S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: H$_2$O is a key molecule in characterizing atmospheres of temperate terrestrial planets, and observations of transmission spectra are expected to play a primary role in detecting its signatures in the near future. The detectability of H$_2$O absorption features in transmission spectra depends on the abundance of water vapor in the upper part of the atmosphere. We study the three-dimensional distribution of atmospheric H$_2$O for synchronously rotating Earth-sized aquaplanets using the general circulation model (GCM) ROCKE-3D, and examine the effects of total incident flux and stellar spectral type. We observe a more gentle increase of the water vapor mixing ratio in response to increased incident flux than one-dimensional models suggest, in qualitative agreement with the climate-stabilizing effect of clouds around the substellar point previously observed in GCMs applied to synchronously rotating planets. However, the water vapor mixing ratio in the upper atmosphere starts to increase while the surface temperature is still moderate. This is explained by the circulation in the upper atmosphere being driven by the radiative heating due to absorption by water vapor and cloud particles, causing efficient vertical transport of water vapor. Consistently, the water vapor mixing ratio is found to be well-correlated with the near-infrared portion of the incident flux. We also simulate transmission spectra based on the GCM outputs, and show that for the more highly irradiated planets, the H$_2$O signatures may be strengthened by a factor of a few, loosening the observational demands for a H$_2$O detection.
description: 14 pages, 13 figures, published in ApJ. Discussions added on the sensitivity to the water vapor continuum
A high-performance custom photodetection system to probe the light yield enhancement in oriented crystals
Creators: name: Soldani, M.
name: Bandiera, L.
name: Bomben, L.
name: Brizzolari, C.
name: Camattari, R.
name: Salvador, D. De.
name: Guidi, V.
name: Haurylavets, V.
name: Lutsenko, E.
name: Maiolino, T.
name: Mascagna, V.
name: Mazzolari, A.
name: Prest, M.
name: Romagnoni, M.
name: Ronchetti, F.
name: Selmi, A.
name: Sytov, A.
name: Tikhomirov, V.
name: Vallazza, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scintillating homogeneous detectors represent the state of the art in electromagnetic calorimetry. Moreover, the currently neglected crystalline nature of the most common inorganic scintillators can be exploited to achieve an outstanding performance boost in terms of compactness and energy resolution. In fact, it was recently demonstrated by the AXIAL/ELIOT experiments that a strong reduction in the radiation length inside PWO, and a subsequent enhancement in the scintillation light emitted per unit thickness, are attained when the incident particle trajectory is aligned with a crystal axis within $\sim 1^\circ$. A SiPM-based system has been developed to directly probe this remarkable effect by measuring the scintillation light emitted by a PWO sample. The same concept could be applied to full-scale detectors that would feature a design significantly more compact than currently achievable and unparalleled resolution in the range of interest for present and future experiments.
Formation of solar system analogs I: looking for initial conditions through a population synthesis analysis
Creators: name: Ronco, M. P.
name: Guilera, O. M.
name: de Elía, G. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Population synthesis models of planetary systems developed during the last $\sim$15 years could reproduce several of the observables of the exoplanet population, and also allowed to constrain planetary formation models. We present our planet formation model, which calculates the evolution of a planetary system during the gaseous phase. The code incorporates relevant physical phenomena for the formation of a planetary system, like photoevaporation, planet migration, gas accretion, water delivery in embryos and planetesimals, a detailed study of the orbital evolution of the planetesimal population, and the treatment of the fusion between embryos, considering their atmospheres. The main goal of this work, unlike other works of planetary population synthesis, is to find suitable scenarios and physical parameters of the disc to form solar system analogs. We are specially interested in the final planet distributions, and in the final surface density, eccentricity and inclination profiles for the planetesimal population. These final distributions will be used as initial conditions for N-body simulations, to study the post-oligarchic formation in a second work. We then consider different formation scenarios, with different planetesimal sizes and different type I migration rates. We find that solar system analogs are favored in massive discs, with low type I migration rates, and small planetesimal sizes. Besides, those rocky planets within their habitables zones are dry when discs dissipate. At last, the final configurations of solar system analogs include information about the mass and semimajor-axis of the planets, water contents, and the properties of the planetesimal remnants.
description: 20 pages, 10 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Identification of nonclassical properties of light with multiplexing layouts
Creators: name: Sperling, J.
name: Eckstein, A.
name: Clements, W. R.
name: Moore, M.
name: Renema, J. J.
name: Kolthammer, W. S.
name: Nam, S. W.
name: Lita, A.
name: Gerrits, T.
name: Walmsley, I. A.
name: Agarwal, G. S.
name: Vogel, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a recent contribution, we introduced and applied a detector-independent method to uncover nonclassicality. Here, we extend those techniques and give more details on the performed analysis. We derive a general theory of the positive-operator-valued measure that describes multiplexing layouts with arbitrary detectors. From the resulting quantum version of a multinomial statistics, we infer nonclassicality probes based on a matrix of normally ordered moments. We discuss these criteria and apply the theory to our data which are measured with superconducting transition-edge sensors. Our experiment produces heralded multi-photon states from a parametric down-conversion light source. We show that the known notions of sub-Poisson and sub-binomial light can be deduced from our general approach, and we establish the concept of sub-multinomial light, which is shown to outperform the former two concepts of nonclassicality for our data.
description: close to published version
Using wavelets to capture deviations from smoothness in galaxy-scale strong lenses
Creators: name: Galan, Aymeric
name: Vernardos, Georgios
name: Peel, Austin
name: Courbin, Frédéric
name: Starck, Jean-Luc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Modeling the mass distribution of galaxy-scale strong gravitational lenses is a task of increasing difficulty. The high-resolution and depth of imaging data now available render simple analytical forms ineffective at capturing lens structures spanning a large range in spatial scale, mass scale, and morphology. In this work, we address the problem with a novel multiscale method based on wavelets. We tested our method on simulated Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging data of strong lenses containing the following different types of mass substructures making them deviate from smooth models: (1) a localized small dark matter subhalo, (2) a Gaussian random field (GRF) that mimics a nonlocalized population of subhalos along the line of sight, and (3) galaxy-scale multipoles that break elliptical symmetry. We show that wavelets are able to recover all of these structures accurately. This is made technically possible by using gradient-informed optimization based on automatic differentiation over thousands of parameters, which also allow us to sample the posterior distributions of all model parameters simultaneously. By construction, our method merges the two main modeling paradigms - analytical and pixelated - with machine-learning optimization techniques into a single modular framework. It is also well-suited for the fast modeling of large samples of lenses. All methods presented here are publicly available in our new Herculens package.
description: 24 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Topological crystalline antiferromagnetic state in tetragonal FeS
Creators: name: Hao, Ningning
name: Zheng, Fawei
name: Zhang, Ping
name: Shen, Shun-Qing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Integration between magnetism and topology is an exotic phenomenon in condensed-matter physics. Here, we propose an exotic phase named topological crystalline antiferromagnetic state, in which antiferromagnetism intrinsically integrates with nontrivial topology, and we suggest such a state can be realized in tetragonal FeS. A combination of first-principles calculations and symmetry analyses shows that the topological crystalline antiferromagnetic state arises from band reconstruction induced by pair checker-board antiferromagnetic order together with band-gap opening induced by intrinsic spin-orbit coupling in tetragonal FeS. The topological crystalline antiferromagnetic state is protected by the product of fractional translation symmetry, mirror symmetry, and time-reversal symmetry, and present some unique features. In contrast to strong topological insulators, the topological robustness is surface-dependent. These findings indicate that non-trivial topological states could emerge in pure antiferromagnetic materials, which sheds new light on potential applications of topological properties in fast-developing antiferromagnetic spintronics.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Predicting convection configurations in coupled fluid-porous systems
Creators: name: McCurdy, Matthew
name: Moore, Nicholas J.
name: Wang, Xiaoming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 76S05, 82B26, 76M10

description: A ubiquitous arrangement in nature is a free-flowing fluid coupled to a porous medium, for example a river or lake lying above a porous bed. Depending on the environmental conditions, thermal convection can occur and may be confined to the clear fluid region, forming shallow convection cells, or it can penetrate into the porous medium, forming deep cells. Here, we combine three complementary approaches -- linear stability analysis, fully nonlinear numerical simulations, and a coarse-grained model -- to determine the circumstances that lead to each configuration. The coarse-grained model yields an explicit formula for the transition between deep and shallow convection in the physically relevant limit of small Darcy number. Near the onset of convection, all three of the approaches agree, validating the predictive capability of the explicit formula. The numerical simulations extend these results into the strongly nonlinear regime, revealing novel hybrid configurations in which the flow exhibits a dynamic shift from shallow to deep convection. This hybrid shallow-to-deep convection begins with small, random initial data, progresses through a metastable shallow state, and arrives at the preferred steady-state of deep convection. We construct a phase diagram that incorporates information from all three approaches and depicts the regions in parameter space that give rise to each convective state.
Coherent Transport of Levitons Through the Kondo Resonance
Creators: name: Suzuki, Takafumi J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study coherent transport of levitons through a single-level quantum dot system driven by Lorentzian-shaped voltage pulses. We demonstrate the repeated emergence of the Kondo resonance in the dynamical regimes where the Fermi sea is driven by optimal pulses free of particle-hole excitations. The formation of the Kondo resonance significantly enhances the dc transport of levitons.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
BioGraphI - Biologists and Graph Interpretation: Professional development for an online curriculum to foster data literacy and value diverse identities (RCN-UBE Introduction)
Creators: name: Yang, Suann
name: Pigg, Rachel
Publisher: name: QUBES Educational Resources
Year: 2023

description: Biologists and Graph Interpretation (BioGraphI) is an RCN of faculty who work collaboratively to increase student persistence in biology through improving representation of diverse scientists in the curriculum and incorporating data interpretation skills.
Assessing transition rates as functions of environmental variables
Creators: name: Donati, Luca
name: Weber, Marcus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a method to estimate the transition rates of molecular systems under different environmental conditions which cause the formation or the breaking of bonds and require the sampling of the Grand Canonical Ensemble. For this purpose, we model the molecular system in terms of probable "scenarios", governed by different potential energy functions, which are separately sampled by classical MD simulations. Reweighting the canonical distribution of each scenario according to specific environmental variables, we estimate the grand canonical distribution, then we use the Square Root Approximation (SqRA) method to discretize the Fokker-Planck operator into a rate matrix and the robust Perron Cluster Cluster Analysis (PCCA+) method to coarse-grain the kinetic model. This permits to efficiently estimate the transition rates of conformational states as functions of environmental variables, for example, the local pH at a cell membrane. In this work we formalize the theoretical framework of the procedure and we present a numerical experiment comparing the results with those provided by a constant-pH method based on non-equilibrium Molecular Dynamics Monte Carlo simulations. The method is relevant for the development of new drug design strategies which take into account how the cellular environment influences biochemical processes.
Physics Opportunities for Vector-Boson Scattering at a Future 100 TeV Hadron Collider
Creators: name: Jager, B.
name: Salfelder, L.
name: Worek, M.
name: Zeppenfeld, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Vector-boson scattering (VBS) processes provide particularly promising means for probing the mechanism of electroweak symmetry breaking and to search for new physics in the weak sector. In the environment of a future proton-proton collider operating at a center-of-mass energy of 100 TeV, unprecedented opportunities arise for the investigation of this important class of reactions. We highlight the prominent features of VBS processes in this energy regime and discuss how the VBS signal can be isolated in the presence of a priori large QCD backgrounds. We find excellent opportunities for the analysis of VBS reactions in a kinematic range that is inaccessible to present colliders.
description: 26 pages, 14 figures; matches version published by Phys. Rev. D
Scale-invariant 3-3-1-1 model with $B-L$ symmetry
Creators: name: Dias, Alex G.
name: Leite, Julio
name: Sánchez-Vega, B. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by a possible interplay between the mechanism of dynamical symmetry breaking and the seesaw mechanism for generating fermion masses, we present a scale-invariant model that extends the gauge symmetry of the Standard Model electroweak sector to SU(3)$_L\otimes$U(1)$_X\otimes$U(1)$_N$, with a built-in $B-L$ symmetry. The model is based on the symmetry structure of the known 3-3-1 models and, thus, it relates the number of the three observed fermion generations with the cancellation of gauge anomalies. Symmetry breaking is triggered via the Coleman-Weinberg mechanism taking into account a minimal set of scalar field multiplets. We establish the stability conditions for the tree-level scalar potential imposing the copositivity criteria and use the method of Gildener-Weinberg for computing the one-loop effective potential when one has multiple scalar fields. With the addition of vectorial fermions, getting their mass mainly through the vacuum expectation value of scalar singlets at $10^3$ TeV, the $B-L$ symmetry leads to textures for the fermion mass matrices, allowing seesaw mechanisms for neutrinos and quarks to take place. In particular, these mechanisms could partly explain the mass hierarchies of the quarks. Once the breakdown of the SU(3)$_L$ symmetry is supposed to occur around 10 TeV, the model also predicts new particles with TeV-scale masses, such as a neutral scalar, $H_{1}$, a charged scalar, $H^\pm$, and the gauge bosons $Z^{\prime}$, $W^{\prime\pm}$ and $Y^0$, that could be searched with the high-luminosity LHC.
description: 28 pages, 2 tables; typos corrected, subsec. V.B. added. Matching version published in PRD
Kinematic restrictions on particle collisions near extremal black holes: A unified picture
Creators: name: Hejda, Filip
name: Bičák, Jiří
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In 2009, Banados, Silk and West (BSW) pointed out the possibility of having an unbounded limit of centre-of-mass collision energy for test particles in the field of an extremal Kerr black hole, if one of them has fine-tuned parameters and the collision point is approaching the horizon. The possibility of this "BSW effect" attracted much attention: it was generalised to arbitrary ("dirty") rotating black holes and an analogy was found for collisions of charged particles in the field of non-rotating charged black holes. Our work considers the unification of these two mechanisms, which have so far been studied only separately. Exploring the enlarged parameter space, we find kinematic restrictions that may prevent the fine-tuned particles from reaching the limiting collision point. These restrictions are first presented in a general form, which can be used with an arbitrary black-hole model, and then visualised for the Kerr-Newman solution by plotting the "admissible region" in the parameter space of critical particles, reproducing some known results and obtaining a number of new ones. For example, we find that (marginally) bounded critical particles with enormous values of angular momentum can, curiously enough, approach the degenerate horizon, if the charge of the black hole is very small. Such "mega-BSW" behaviour is excluded in the case of a vacuum black hole, or a black hole with large charge. It may be interesting in connection with the small "Wald charge" induced on rotating black holes in external magnetic fields.
description: Some minor inaccuracies corrected, adjustments made to fit the journal version
Quantum Computing for Optimization Problems in Synchrotron Radiation Facilities and Free Electron Lasers
Creators: name: Kourousias, George
name: Ippoliti, Matteo
name: Guzzi, Francesco
name: Billè, Sara
name: Pugliese, Roberto
name: Billè, Fulvio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: quantum computing
synchrotron
FEL
microscopy
spectroscopy
optimisation
pQC
Ptychography
X-ray Fluorescence

description: The advancement of quantum technologies is expected to pave the way for what we refer to as practical Quantum Computing (pQC). pQC should provide solutions to certain problems, superior to those offered by the classical computational paradigm. The QC field is in development but has not taken its final form yet. In an attempt to define requirements for its practical use, this research reviews the current state of QC services as provided by IBM, Google, Microsoft , Rigetti and D-Wave, and proposes potential applications in the synchrotron radiation facility Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste. This research has concentrated its focus on potential applications that may benefit from using QC for Optimization problems even if it acknowledges other uses in fields like those of simulation modelling and information theory. In specific, this work starts by hinting on the optimisation needs for accelerator control till beamline end-station uses in scientific applications like X-ray Fluorescence data fitting and Ptychography reconstructions. The connection of QC to specific practical optimisation problems in a synchrotron and a Free Electron Laser may serve as a partial guideline for the future development of the field.
SYK-like Tensor Models on the Lattice
Creators: name: Narayan, Prithvi
name: Yoon, Junggi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study large $N$ tensor models on the lattice without disorder. We introduce techniques which can be applied to a wide class of models, and illustrate it by studying some specific rank-3 tensor models. In particular, we study Klebanov-Tarnopolsky model on lattice, Gurau-Witten model (by treating it as a tensor model on four sites) and also a new model which interpolates between these two models. In each model, we evaluate various four point functions at large $N$ and strong coupling, and discuss their spectrum and long time behaviors. We find similarities as well as differences from SYK model. We also generalize our analysis to rank-$D$ tensor models where we obtain analogous results as $D=3$ case for the four point functions which we computed. For $D>5$, we are able to compute the next-to-subleading ${1 \over N}$ corrections for a specific four point function.
description: 46 pages, 29 figures; v2:typos corrected, reference added; v3:minor revisions, to be published in JHEP
Formation of Local Resonance Band Gaps in Finite Acoustic Metamaterials: A Closed-form Transfer Function Model
Creators: name: Ba'ba'a, H. Al
name: Nouh, M.
name: Singh, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The objective of this paper is to use transfer functions to comprehend the formation of band gaps in locally resonant acoustic metamaterials. Identifying a recursive approach for any number of serially arranged locally resonant mass in mass cells, a closed form expression for the transfer function is derived. Analysis of the end-to-end transfer function helps identify the fundamental mechanism for the band gap formation in a finite metamaterial. This mechanism includes (a) repeated complex conjugate zeros located at the natural frequency of the individual local resonators, (b) the presence of two poles which flank the band gap, and (c) the absence of poles in the band-gap. Analysis of the finite cell dynamics are compared to the Bloch-wave analysis of infinitely long metamaterials to confirm the theoretical limits of the band gap estimated by the transfer function modeling. The analysis also explains how the band gap evolves as the number of cells in the metamaterial chain increases and highlights how the response varies depending on the chosen sensing location along the length of the metamaterial. The proposed transfer function approach to compute and evaluate band gaps in locally resonant structures provides a framework for the exploitation of control techniques to modify and tune band gaps in finite metamaterial realizations.
Nanohertz Gravitational Wave Astronomy during the SKA Era: An InPTA perspective
Creators: name: Joshi, Bhal Chandra
name: Gopakumar, Achamveedu
name: Pandian, Arul
name: Prabu, Thiagaraj
name: Dey, Lankeswar
name: Bagchi, Manjari
name: Desai, Shantanu
name: Tarafdar, Pratik
name: Rana, Prerna
name: Maan, Yogesh
name: Batra, Neelam Dhanda
name: Girgaonkar, Raghav
name: Agarwal, Nikita
name: Arumugam, Paramasivan
name: Banik, Sarmistha
name: Basu, Avishek
name: Bathula, Adarsh
name: Dandapat, Subhajit
name: Gupta, Yashwant
name: Hisano, Shinnosuke
name: Kato, Ryo
name: Kharbanda, Divyansh
name: Kikunaga, Tomonosuke
name: Kolhe, Neel
name: Krishnakumar, M. A.
name: Manoharan, P. K.
name: Marmat, Piyush
name: Naidu, Arun
name: Nobleson, K.
name: Paladi, Avinash Kumar
name: Pathak, Dhruv
name: Singha, Jaikhomba
name: Srivastava, Aman
name: Surnis, Mayuresh
name: Susarla, Sai Chaitanya
name: Susobhanan, Abhimanyu
name: Takahashi, Keitaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Decades long monitoring of millisecond pulsars, which exhibit highly stable rotational periods, in pulsar timing array experiments is on the threshold of discovering nanohertz stochastic gravitational wave background. This paper describes the Indian Pulsar timing array (InPTA) experiment, which employs the upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (uGMRT) for timing an ensemble of millisecond pulsars for this purpose. We highlight InPTA's observation strategies and analysis methods, which are relevant for a future PTA experiment with the more sensitive Square Kilometer Array (SKA) telescope. We show that the unique multi-sub-array multi-band wide-bandwidth frequency coverage of the InPTA provides Dispersion Measure estimates with unprecedented precision for PTA pulsars, e.g., ~ 2 x 10{-5} pc-cm{-3} for PSR J1909-3744. Configuring the SKA-low and SKA-mid as two and four sub-arrays respectively, it is shown that comparable precision is achievable, using observation strategies similar to those pursued by the InPTA, for a larger sample of 62 pulsars requiring about 26 and 7 hours per epoch for the SKA-mid and the SKA-low telescopes respectively. We also review the ongoing efforts to develop PTA-relevant general relativistic constructs that will be required to search for nanohertz gravitational waves from isolated super-massive black hole binary systems like blazar OJ 287. These efforts should be relevant to pursue persistent multi-messenger gravitational wave astronomy during the forthcoming era of the SKA telescope, the Thirty Meter Telescope, and the next-generation Event Horizon Telescope.
description: Accepted for publication in Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics for Special Issue on Indian Participation in the SKA (Editors : Abhirup Datta, Nirupam Roy, Preeti Kharb and Tirthankar Roy Choudhury)
A new dynamic optimisation model for operational supply chain recovery
Creators: name: Khamseh, Alireza
name: Teimoury, Ebrahim
name: Shahanaghi, Kamran
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
classificationCode: 69999
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 80699
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: This paper focuses on the problem of dynamic supply chain (SC) recovery. We consider effectiveness and efficiency of various reactive measures to recover the SC with the minimum cost at the operational level. For this purpose, a new general model based on bounded optimal control theory is developed to determine the type, the extent, and the timing of reactive measures. We demonstrate its application using an example of a two-echelon poultry SC. The intention of the proposed model is to optimise both the recovery and its costs simultaneously. The developed model is solved exactly using the Pontryagin’s maximum principle. We performed a set of sensitivity analyses to illustrate the model's behaviour. The results obtained from applying the dynamic recovery model in the case study show that the proposed model can help SC managers to deal with disruptions by comparing alternative recovery options, based on two important criteria of the time and cost of SC's recovery. The findings of this research advocate the consideration of dynamic SC characteristics and the need for simultaneous attention to the effectiveness and efficiency of reactive measures in recovery planning.
Tunneling of Massive/Massless Bosons From the Apparent Horizon of FRW Universe
Creators: name: Jusufi, Kimet
name: Ovgun, Ali
name: Apostolovska, Gordana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article we investigate the Hawking radiation of vector particles from the apparent horizon of a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) universe in the framework of quantum tunneling method. Furthermore we use Proca equation, a relativistic wave equation for a massive/massless spin-1 particle (massless $γ$ photons, weak massive $W^{\pm}$ and $Z^{0}$ bosons, strong massless gluons and $ρ$ and $ω$ mesons) together with a Painlevé spacetime metric for the FRW universe. We solve the Proca equation via Hamilton-Jacobi (HJ) equation and the WKB approximation method. We recover the same result for the Hawking temperature associated with vector particles as in the case of scalar and Dirac particles tunnelled from outside to the inside of the apparent horizon in a FRW universe.
description: 7 pages, accepted for publication in Advances in High Energy Physics
Condensed dark matter with a Yukawa interaction
Creators: name: Garani, Raghuveer
name: Tytgat, Michel H. G.
name: Vandecasteele, Jérôme
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the possible phases of a condensed dark matter (DM) candidate taken to be in the form of a fermion with a Yukawa coupling to a scalar particle, at zero temperature but at finite density. This theory essentially depends on only four parameters, the Yukawa coupling, the fermion mass, the scalar mediator mass, and the DM density. At low fermion densities we delimit the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS), Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC) and crossover phases as a function of model parameters using the notion of scattering length. We further study the BCS phase by consistently including emergent effects such as the scalar density condensate and superfluid gaps. Within the mean field approximation, we derive the consistent set of gap equations, retaining their momentum dependence, and valid in both the non-relativistic and relativistic regimes. We present numerical solutions to the set of gap equations, in particular when the mediator mass is smaller and larger than the DM mass. Finally, we discuss the equation of state (EoS) and possible astrophysical implications for asymmetric DM.
description: 10+19 pages, 6+8 figures
Two substellar survivor candidates; one found and one missing
Creators: name: Walters, N.
name: Farihi, J.
name: Marsh, T. R.
name: Breedt, E.
name: Cauley, P. W.
name: von Hippel, T.
name: Hermes, J. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This study presents observations of two possible substellar survivors of post-main sequence engulfment, currently orbiting white dwarf stars. Infrared and optical spectroscopy of GD 1400 reveal a 9.98 h orbital period, where the benchmark brown dwarf has $M_2=68\pm8$ M$_{\rm Jup}$, $T_{\rm eff}\approx2100$ K, and a cooling age under 1 Gyr. A substellar mass in the lower range of allowed values is favoured by the gravitational redshift of the primary. Synthetic brown dwarf spectra are able to reproduce the observed CO bands, but lines below the bandhead are notably overpredicted. The known infrared excess towards PG 0010+281 is consistent with a substellar companion, yet no radial velocity or photometric variability is found despite extensive searches. Three independent stellar mass determinations all suggest enhanced mass loss associated with binary evolution, where the youngest total age for an isolated star is $7.5\pm2.5$ Gyr. A possible solution to this conundrum is the cannibalization of one or more giant planets, which enhanced mass loss post-main sequence, but were ultimately destroyed. PG 0010+281 is likely orbited by a debris disk that is comfortably exterior to the Roche limit, adding to the growing number of non-canonical disks orbiting white dwarfs. At present, only L-type (brown) dwarfs are known to survive direct engulfment during the post-main sequence, whereas T- and Y-type substellar companions persist at wide separations. These demographics indicate that roughly 50 M$_{\rm Jup}$ is required to robustly avoid post-main sequence annihilation, suggesting all closely-orbiting giant planets are consumed, which may contribute to mass loss and magnetic field generation in white dwarfs and their immediate progenitors.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables. Accepted to MNRAS, dedicated to the memory of Tom Marsh
Monochromatic globular clusters as a critical test of formation models for the dark matter deficient galaxies NGC1052-DF2 and NGC1052-DF4
Creators: name: van Dokkum, Pieter
name: Shen, Zili
name: Romanowsky, Aaron J.
name: Abraham, Roberto
name: Conroy, Charlie
name: Danieli, Shany
name: Chowdhury, Dhruba Dutta
name: Keim, Michael A.
name: Kruijssen, J. M. Diederik
name: Leja, Joel
name: Trujillo-Gomez, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It was recently proposed that the dark matter-deficient ultra-diffuse galaxies DF2 and DF4 in the NGC1052 group could be the products of a "bullet dwarf" collision between two gas-rich progenitor galaxies. In this model DF2 and DF4 formed at the same time in the immediate aftermath of the collision, and a strong prediction is that their globular clusters should have nearly identical stellar populations. Here we test this prediction by measuring accurate F606W-F814W colors from deep HST/ACS imaging. We find that the clusters are extremely homogeneous. The mean color difference between the globular clusters in DF2 and DF4 is $-0.003\pm 0.005$ mag and the observed scatter for the combined sample of 18 clusters with $M_V<-8.6$ in both galaxies is $0.015 \pm 0.002$ mag. After accounting for observational uncertainties and stochastic cluster-to-cluster variation in the number of red giants, the remaining scatter is $0.008^{+0.005}_{-0.006}$ mag. Both the color difference and the scatter are an order of magnitude smaller than in other dwarf galaxies, and we infer that the bullet scenario passes an important test that could have falsified it. No other formation models have predicted this extreme uniformity of the globular clusters in the two galaxies. We find that the galaxies themselves are slightly redder than the clusters, consistent with a previously-measured metallicity difference. Numerical simulations have shown that such differences are expected in the bullet scenario, as the galaxies continued to self-enrich after the formation of the globular clusters.
description: Published in ApJ Letters. It is difficult to visualize the uniformity of these strange clusters. Our best attempt is Fig. 2, where we compare them to globular clusters in Virgo galaxies
Performance Optimisation of Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Algorithms for Multi/Many-Core Architectures
Creators: name: Baruffa, Fabio
name: Iapichino, Luigi
name: Hammer, Nicolay J.
name: Karakasis, Vasileios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a strategy for code modernisation of Gadget, a widely used community code for computational astrophysics. The focus of this work is on node-level performance optimisation, targeting current multi/many-core IntelR architectures. We identify and isolate a sample code kernel, which is representative of a typical Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) algorithm. The code modifications include threading parallelism optimisation, change of the data layout into Structure of Arrays (SoA), auto-vectorisation and algorithmic improvements in the particle sorting. We obtain shorter execution time and improved threading scalability both on Intel XeonR ($2.6 \times$ on Ivy Bridge) and Xeon PhiTM ($13.7 \times$ on Knights Corner) systems. First few tests of the optimised code result in $19.1 \times$ faster execution on second generation Xeon Phi (Knights Landing), thus demonstrating the portability of the devised optimisation solutions to upcoming architectures.
description: 8 pages, 2 columns, 4 figures, accepted as paper at HPCS Proceedings 2017, IEEE XPLORE
The scientific influence of nations on global scientific and technological development
Creators: name: Patelli, Aurelio
name: Cimini, Giulio
name: Pugliese, Emanuele
name: Gabrielli, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Determining how scientific achievements influence the subsequent process of knowledge creation is a fundamental step in order to build a unified ecosystem for studying the dynamics of innovation and competitiveness. Relying separately on data about scientific production on one side, through bibliometric indicators, and about technological advancements on the other side, through patents statistics, gives only a limited insight on the key interplay between science and technology which, as a matter of fact, move forward together within the innovation space. In this paper, using citation data of both research papers and patents, we quantify the direct influence of the scientific outputs of nations on further advancements in science and on the introduction of new technologies. Our analysis highlights the presence of geo-cultural clusters of nations with similar innovation system features, and unveils the heterogeneous coupled dynamics of scientific and technological advancements. This study represents a step forward in the buildup of an inclusive framework for knowledge creation and innovation.
UV Spectropolarimetry with Polstar: Massive Star Binary Colliding Winds
Creators: name: St-Louis, Nicole
name: Gayley, Kenneth
name: Hillier, D. John
name: Ignace, Richard
name: Jones, Carol E.
name: David-Uraz, Alexandre
name: Richardson, Noel D.
name: Vink, Jorick S.
name: Peters, Geraldine J.
name: Hoffman, Jennifer L.
name: Yael
name: Nazé
name: Stevance, Heloise
name: Shenar, Tomer
name: Fullard, Andrew G.
name: Lomax, Jaimie R.
name: Scowen, Paul A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The winds of massive stars are important for their direct impact on the interstellar medium, and for their influence on the final state of a star prior to it exploding as a supernova. However, the dynamics of these winds is understood primarily via their illumination from a single central source. The Doppler shift seen in resonance lines is a useful tool for inferring these dynamics, but the mapping from that Doppler shift to the radial distance from the source is ambiguous. Binary systems can reduce this ambiguity by providing a second light source at a known radius in the wind, seen from orbitally modulated directions. From the nature of the collision between the winds, a massive companion also provides unique additional information about wind momentum fluxes. Since massive stars are strong ultraviolet (UV) sources, and UV resonance line opacity in the wind is strong, UV instruments with a high resolution spectroscopic capability are essential for extracting this dynamical information. Polarimetric capability also helps to further resolve ambiguities in aspects of the wind geometry that are not axisymmetric about the line of sight, because of its unique access to scattering direction information. We review how the proposed MIDEX-scale mission Polstar can use UV spectropolarimetric observations to critically constrain the physics of colliding winds, and hence radiatively-driven winds in general. We propose a sample of 20 binary targets, capitalizing on this unique combination of illumination by companion starlight, and collision with a companion wind, to probe wind attributes over a range in wind strengths. Of particular interest is the hypothesis that the radial distribution of the wind acceleration is altered significantly, when the radiative transfer within the winds becomes optically thick to resonance scattering in multiple overlapping UV lines.
description: 26 pages, 12 figures, Review in a topical collection series of Astrophysics and Space Sciences on the proposed Polstar satellite. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2111.11552
The Energy Distribution of Subjets and the Jet Shape
Creators: name: Kang, Zhong-Bo
name: Ringer, Felix
name: Waalewijn, Wouter J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a framework that describes the energy distribution of subjets of radius $r$ within a jet of radius $R$. We consider both an inclusive sample of subjets as well as subjets centered around a predetermined axis, from which the jet shape can be obtained. For $r \ll R$ we factorize the physics at angular scales $r$ and $R$ to resum the logarithms of $r/R$. For central subjets, we consider both the standard jet axis and the winner-take-all axis, which involve double and single logarithms of $r/R$, respectively. All relevant one-loop matching coefficients are given, and an inconsistency in some previous results for cone jets is resolved. Our results for the standard jet shape differ from previous calculations at next-to-leading logarithmic order, because we account for the recoil of the standard jet axis due to soft radiation. Numerical results are presented for an inclusive subjet sample for $pp \to {\rm jet}+X$ at next-to-leading order plus leading logarithmic order.
description: 39 pages, 7 figures, v2: journal version
Soft-phonon and charge-density-wave formation in nematic BaNi$_2$As$_2$
Creators: name: Souliou, S. M.
name: Lacmann, T.
name: Heid, R.
name: Meingast, C.
name: Frachet, M.
name: Paolasini, L.
name: Haghighirad, A. -A.
name: Merz, M.
name: Bosak, A.
name: Tacon, M. Le
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use diffuse and inelastic x-ray scattering to study the formation of an incommensurate charge-density-wave (I-CDW) in BaNi$_2$As$_2$, a candidate system for charge-driven electronic nematicity. Intense diffuse scattering is observed around the modulation vector of the I-CDW, $Q_{I-CDW}$. It is already visible at room temperature and collapses into superstructure reflections in the long-range ordered state where a small orthorhombic distortion occurs. A clear dip in the dispersion of a low-energy transverse optical phonon mode is observed around $Q_{I-CDW}$. The phonon continuously softens upon cooling, ultimately driving the transition to the I-CDW state. The transverse character of the soft-phonon branch elucidates the complex pattern of the I-CDW satellites observed in the current and earlier studies and settles the debated unidirectional nature of the I-CDW. The phonon instability and its reciprocal space position is well captured by our ${ab}$ ${initio}$ calculations. These however indicate that neither Fermi surface nesting, nor enhanced momentum-dependent electron-phonon coupling can account for the I-CDW formation, demonstrating its unconventional nature.% and suggest alternative origins of the I-CDW.
description: Revised version - to appear in PRL
On the abiotic origin of dimethyl sulfide: discovery of DMS in the Interstellar Medium
Creators: name: Sanz-Novo, Miguel
name: Rivilla, Víctor M.
name: Endres, Christian P.
name: Lattanzi, Valerio
name: Jiménez-Serra, Izaskun
name: Colzi, Laura
name: Zeng, Shaoshan
name: Megías, Andrés
name: López-Gallifa, Álvaro
name: Martínez-Henares, Antonio
name: Andrés, David San
name: Tercero, Belén
name: de Vicente, Pablo
name: Martín, Sergio
name: Requena-Torres, Miguel A.
name: Caselli, Paola
name: Martín-Pintado, Jesús
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Following the discovery of dimethyl sulfide (CH$_3$SCH$_3$, DMS) signatures in comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, we report the first detection of this organosulfur species in the interstellar medium, during the exploration of an ultradeep molecular line survey performed toward the Galactic Center molecular cloud G+0.693-0.027 with the Yebes 40$\,$m and IRAM 30$\,$m telescopes. We derive a molecular column density of $N$ = (2.6 $\pm$ 0.3)$\times$10$^{13}$ cm$^{-2}$, yielding a fractional abundance relative to H$_2$ of $\sim$1.9$\times$10$^{-10}$. This implies that DMS is a factor of $\sim$1.6 times less abundant than its structural isomer CH$_3$CH$_2$SH and $\sim$30 times less abundant than its O-analogue dimethyl ether (CH$_3$OCH$_3$) toward this cloud, in excellent agreement with previous results on various O/S pairs. Furthermore, we find a remarkable resemblance between the relative abundance of DMS/CH$_3$OH in G+0.693-0.027 ($\sim$1.7$\times$10$^{-3}$) and in the comet ($\sim$1.3$\times$10$^{-3}$). Although the chemistry of DMS beyond Earth is yet to be fully disclosed, this discovery provides conclusive observational evidence on its efficient abiotic production in the interstellar medium, casting doubts about using DMS as a reliable biomarker in exoplanet science.
description: Accepted in ApJL