Krabimeryx Metais, Chaimanee, Jaeger, and Ducroq
Creators: name: Mennecart, Bastien
name: Aiglstorfer, Manuela
name: Li, Yikun
name: Li, Chunxiao
name: Wang, ShiQi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Artiodactyla
Lophiomerycidae
Krabimeryx

description: Genus <i>Krabimeryx</i> Métais, Chaimanee, Jaeger, and Ducroq, 200117. Etymology. <i>Krabi—</i> from Krabi Basin, where the fossils were found, and— <i>meryx</i> is the Greek word for ruminant. <b>Diagnosis [modified after Métais et al.</b> <b> 17</b> <b>].</b> Small primitive ruminant with lower molars morphologically close to those of <i>Zhailimeryx</i>. <i>Krabimeryx</i> differs from <i>Zhailimeryx</i> in: more laterally compressed lingual cuspids in the lower molars; an entoconid displaced to anterior with respect to the hypoconid; the lack of both a paraconid and a hypoconulid in m1 and m2; a p4 with a mesolingual conid that is located more posterior and less individualized; a p4 without a distinct posterolingual conid. <i>Krabimeryx</i> differs from <i>Lophiomeryx</i> by less selenodont labial cuspids in the lower molars, the presence of a developed external postmetacristid, and by a distinct groove on the anterior side of the entoconid, the entoconidian groove. <i>Krabimeryx</i> can be distinguished from <i>Iberomeryx</i> in having a well-marked entoconidian groove; the lack of a clear external postprotocristid; the third lobe of m3 not forming a complete buckle; and a more transversely compressed hypoconulid in the m3. <i>Krabimeryx</i> possesses a huge notch in lingual view between the entoconid and the third lobe in the m3. Type species. <i>Krabimeryx primitivus</i> Métais, Chaimanne, Jaeger, and Ducroq, 200117. Included species. <i>Krabimeryx gracilis</i> nov. comb. (Miao, 198220). <i>Krabimeryx gracilis</i> nov. comb. (Miao, 198220). Figure 1A and Figure S1. *v pars1982 <i>Lophiomeryx gracilis</i> — Miao: 532, Table 3, Figs. 6 and 720. v non1982 <i>Lophiomeryx gracilis</i> ?— Miao: 536, Fig. 820. v pars1987 <i>L. gracilis</i> — Janis: 21133. v pars <i>1997 L. gracilis</i> — Vislobokova: Fig. 321. v pars <i>2000 L. gracilis</i> — Guo, Dawson, and Beard: 247, Table 214. v pars <i>2001 L. gracilis</i> — Métais, Chaimanee, Jaeger, and Ducroq: 239, 24117. v pars <i>2012 L. gracilis</i> — Mennecart: 6234. Scientific Reports | 3 <b>Neodiagnosis.</b> <i>Krabimeryx gracilis</i> has an m2 that is wider than the m3; this is the other way round in <i>K. primitivus</i>. Moreover, the entoconid is less anterior relative to the hypoconid in <i>K. gracilis</i> than it is in <i>K primitivus</i>. Te ectostylid is large in <i>K. gracilis</i>, while it is absent in <i>K. primitivus</i>. Te cingulum on the upper molars in <i>K. gracilis</i> is more developed than in <i>K. primitivus</i>. <b>Holotype.</b> IVPP V 6546, partial skull with right and lef M1–M3 (IVPP V 6546-1) and an associated right fragmented mandible with m2–m3 (IVPP V 6546-2) found in occlusion with the skull. <b>Additional material.</b> IVPP V 6549, right m3 on fragmented mandible; IVPP V 6550 lef fragmented mandible with m1–m2; IVPP V 26638, right m1. Measurements are given in Table S1. <b>Localities.</b> Shinao Basin, Panxian County, Southwestern Guizhou, China; Xiaerhete locality, Jiminay County, Xingjiang, China. Late Eocene. <b>Taxonomical attribution.</b> Te herein described specimens were first attributed to the genus <i>Lophiomeryx</i> 20. However, the thorough reassessment of the specimens now leads to the conclusion that <i>Lophiomeryx gracilis</i> sensuMiao 20 contains three different species and genera, but none of them can be assigned to <i>Lophiomeryx</i>. Based on the presence of a strong lingual cingulum in upper molars and a short anteroposteriorly oriented postprotocrista, as well as the absence of a premetacristid and an anterior fossa widely open in the lower molars, we can conclude that the specimens, IVPP V 6546-1, IVPP V 6546-2, IVPP V 6549, and IVPP V 6550, belong to Lophiomerycidae or Tragulidae 35, 36. However, the absence of a large paraconid and the absence of an elongated external postmetacristid distinguish the specimens from primitive Tragulidae 17, 36. In <i>Zhailimeryx jingweni</i>, the cuspids are more slender than in the herein described specimens 14, a feature the taxon shares with <i>K. primitivus</i>. In <i>Z. jingweni</i>, m1 and m2 are of relative similar width 14, while in <i>K. primitivus</i> and the herein described specimens from Shinao the m2 is clearly bigger than the m 117. Similarly to <i>K. primitivus</i>, the herein described specimens differ from <i>Z. jingweni</i> in its lower molar lingual cusps being more laterally compressed, and in an entoconid that is slightly shifed to anterior with respect to the hypoconid, while it is more posterior in <i>Z. jingweni</i> 14, 17. Furthermore, <i>K. primitivus</i> and the herein described specimens from Shinao both lack the rudimentary paraconid present in <i>Z. jingweni</i> 14, 17. Like <i>K. primitivus</i>, the here-described specimens differ from <i>Chiyoumeryx</i> nov. gen. (described below) and the <i>Lophiomeryx</i> species <i>L. mouchelini</i>, <i>L. chalaniati</i> and <i>L. angarae</i> by having more massive and more bunomorph lowermolars 16, 17, 24, 34, 37. Furthermore, <i>Zhailimeryx jingweni</i>, <i>K. primitivus</i>, and the herein described specimens differ from <i>Lophiomeryx</i> by the presence of a developed external postmetacristid and by a distinct entoconidian groove on the anterior side of the compressed entoconid 14, 17. In <i>Lophiomeryx</i>, the back fossa of m3 is widely open due to the strong reduction of the posthypoconulidcristid 34, 37. In contrast to this, <i>Krabimeryx primitivus</i> possesses a clearly developed posthypoconulidcristid forming a buckle on the m3 back basin 17, similarly to the specimens from Shinao described here. Summing up, the general morphology of the teeth in the herein described specimens is most similar to the one observed in <i>K. primitivus</i>. Tey both share a similar huge notch in lateral view between the third lobe of m3 and the entoconid and the entoconidian groove, features that clearly distinguishing them both from <i>Lophiomeryx</i> and <i>Zhailimeryx</i>. Tus, we attribute the specimens IVPP V 6546-1, IVPP V 6546-2, IVPP V 6549, and IVPP V 6550 to the genus <i>Krabimeryx</i>. However, significant differences occur with the type species, ruling out the synonymisation of <i>K. gracilis</i> nov. comb. and <i>Krabimeryx primitivus</i>. While both species are very similar in size, <i>K. primitivus</i> has an m3 wider than m2, while it is the converse for <i>K. gracilis</i> nov. comb. Moreover, the entoconid is less shifed to the anterior with respect to the hypoconid in <i>K. gracilis</i> nov. comb. than in <i>K primitivus</i>. Tere is no ectostylid in <i>K. primitivus</i>, while it is large in <i>K. gracilis</i> nov. comb., forming a transverse cristid between the protoconid and the hypoconid. Te cingulum on the upper molars is more developed in <i>K. gracilis</i> nov. comb. than in <i>K. primitivus</i>. Due to these differences we decided to create the new combination <i>Krabimeryx gracilis</i> nov. comb.
description: Published as part of <i>Mennecart, Bastien, Aiglstorfer, Manuela, Li, Yikun, Li, Chunxiao &amp; Wang, ShiQi, 2021, Ruminants reveal Eocene Asiatic palaeobiogeographical provinces as the origin of diachronous mammalian Oligocene dispersals into Europe, pp. 1-12 in Scientific Reports 1</i> on pages 2-4, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96221-x, http://zenodo.org/record/5645747
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