cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Gauge Field and Fermion Production during Axion Inflation
Creators: name: Domcke, Valerie
name: Mukaida, Kyohei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dual production of helical Abelian gauge fields and chiral fermions through the Chern-Simons (CS) coupling with a pseudo-scalar inflaton in the presence of a chiral anomaly. Through the CS term, the motion of the inflaton induces a tachyonic instability for one of the two helicities of the gauge field. We show that the resulting helical gauge field necessarily leads to the production of chiral fermions by deforming their Fermi sphere into discrete Landau levels. The population of the lowest Landau level leads to a chiral asymmetry as inferred from the chiral anomaly, while the higher levels are populated symmetrically through pair production. From the backreaction of the fermions on the gauge field production we derive a conservative but stringent upper bound on the magnitude of the gauge fields. Consequently, we find that the scalar perturbations sourced by these helical gauge fields, responsible for enhanced structure formation on small scales, get reduced significantly. We also discuss the fate of the primordial chiral asymmetry and of the helical gauge fields after inflation, and show that the instability in the chiral plasma tends to erase these primordial asymmetries. This result may impact scenarios where the baryon asymmetry of the Universe is connected to primordial magnetic fields.
description: 46 pages, 11 figures; v2: reference added, published version
Spherical Redshift Distortions
Creators: name: Hamilton, A. J. S.
name: Culhane, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Peculiar velocities induce apparent line of sight displacements of galaxies in redshift space, distorting the pattern of clustering in the radial versus transverse directions. On large scales, the amplitude of the distortion yields a measure of the dimensionless linear growth rate $β\approx Ω^{0.6}/b$, where $Ω$ is the cosmological density and $b$ the linear bias factor. To make the maximum statistical use of the data in a wide angle redshift survey, and for the greatest accuracy, the spherical character of the distortion needs to be treated properly, rather than in the simpler plane parallel approximation. In the linear regime, the redshift space correlation function is described by a spherical distortion operator acting on the true correlation function. It is pointed out here that there exists an operator, which is essentially the logarithmic derivative with respect to pair separation, which both commutes with the spherical distortion operator, and at the same time defines a characteristic scale of separation. The correlation function can be expanded in eigenfunctions of this operator, and these eigenfunctions are eigenfunctions of the distortion operator. Ratios of the observed amplitudes of the eigenfunctions yield measures of the linear growth rate $β$ in a manner independent of the shape of the correlation function. More generally, the logarithmic derivative $\partial/\partial\ln r$ with respect to depth $r$, along with the square $L^2$ and component $L_z$ of the angular momentum operator, form a complete set of commuting operators for the spherical distortion operator acting on the density. The eigenfunctions of this complete set of operators are spherical waves about the observer, with radial part lying in logarithmic real or Fourier space.
description: 15 pages, with 1 embedded EPS figure
Sus porcus Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Artiodactyla
Suidae
Sus
Sus porcus

description: Sus porcus [spec. nov.]
S. dorso postice setoso, cauda longitudine pedum, umbilico cystifero. Syst. nat. 12.
Porcus guineensis. Raj. quadr. 96.
Habitat in Africa.
Affinis priori. Corpus rufum. Auriculae acuminatissimae. Cauda longa, nuda.
Vellus setis caret, nisi supra clunes.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 50, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Bayesian change point models for regime detection in stochastic processes with applications in cyber security
Creators: name: Bolton, Alexander
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Some important cyber security data can be modelled using stochastic processes that undergo changes in behaviour over time. Consider a piece of malicious software (malware) that performs different functions as it runs. Data obtained from this software switch between different behaviours that correspond to different functions. Coders create new strains of similar malware by making minor changes to existing malware; these new samples cannot be detected by methods that only identify whether an exact executable file has been seen before. Comparing data from new malware and existing malware, in order to detect similar behaviours, is a cyber security challenge. Methods that can detect these similar behaviours are used to identify similar malware samples. This thesis presents a generalised change point model for stochastic processes that includes regimes, i.e. recurring parameters. For generality the stochastic processes are assumed to be multivariate. A new reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo (RJMCMC) sampler is presented for inferring model parameters. The number of change points or regimes need not be specified before inference as the RJMCMC sampler allows these to be inferred. The RJMCMC sampler is applied in different contexts, including estimating malware similarity. A new sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) sampler is also presented. Like the RJMCMC sampler, the SMC sampler infers change points and regimes, but the SMC inference is computed online. The SMC sampler is also applied to detect regimes in a variety of contexts, including connections made in a computer network.
Additional file 2: of Evolution in chronic cold: varied loss of cellular response to heat in Antarctic notothenioid fish
Creators: name: Bilyk, Kevin
name: Vargas-Chacoff, Luis
name: C.-H.Christina Cheng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Corroborating the Lack of P. borchgrevinki Response Using limma and Voom. (DOCX 232 kb)
Dynamics of Axisymmetric Truncated Dynamo Models
Creators: name: Covas, E.
name: Tavakol, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An important question regarding the study of mean field dynamo models is how to make precise the nature of their underlying dynamics. This is difficult both because relatively little is known about the dynamical behaviour of infinite dimensional systems and also due to the numerical cost of studying the related partial differential equations. As a first step towards their understanding, it is useful to consider the corresponding truncated models. Here we summarise some recent results of the study of a class of truncated axisymmetric mean field dynamo models. We find conclusive evidence in these models for various types of intermittency as well as multiple attractors and final state sensitivity. We also find that the understanding of the underlying dynamics of such dynamo models requires the study of a new class of dynamical systems, referred to as the {\it non-normal} systems. Current work demonstrates that these types of systems are capable of a novel type of intermittency and also of relevance for the understanding of the full axisymmetric PDE dynamo models.
description: 8 pages, 2 postscript figures, also available at http://www.maths.qmw.ac.uk/~eoc
Impact of recent COMPASS data on polarized parton distributions and structure functions
Creators: name: Salimi-Amiri, M.
name: Khorramian, A.
name: Abdolmaleki, H.
name: Olness, F. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a new extraction of polarized parton distribution functions (PPDFs) from the spin structure function experimental data in the fixed-flavor number scheme (FFNS). In this analysis, we include recent proton and deuteron spin structure functions obtained by the \texttt{COMPASS} collaboration. We examine the impact of the \texttt{new COMPASS} proton and deuteron data on the polarized parton densities and compare with results from our previous study (KATAO PPDFs), which used the Jacobi polynomial approach. We find the extracted PPDFs of the proton, neutron, and deuteron structure functions are in very good agreement with the experimental data. The results for extracted PPDFs are also compared with available theoretical models from the literature.
description: 16 Pages, 13 figures, 6 tables
title: Arm und am (Stadt-)Rand? Einkommensarme Haushalte in deutschen Städten
Creators: name: Weck, Sabine
name: Fina, Stefan
name: Pfaffenbach, Carmella
name: Schmitz, Julian
name: Dobusch, Diane
Publisher: name: ILS – Research Institute for Regional and Urban Development
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/02cyskn39
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 5.7
subject: FOS: Social and economic geography

description: Die Immobilienmärkte in deutschen Stadtregionen stellen Haushalte mit geringem Einkommen zunehmend vor die Herausforderung, bezahlbare Wohnungen zu finden. Bei steigenden Mieten und einer zunehmenden Konkurrenz um den begehrten Wohnraum stellt sich nicht nur die Frage, ob Haushalte mit geringem Einkommen aus hochpreisigen Lagen verdrängt werden. Erkenntnisse aus angloamerikanischen Ländern legen nahe, dass es auch zu einer zunehmenden sozioökonomischen Ausdifferenzierung zwischen attraktiven Innenstadtlagen und den verbleibenden erschwinglichen Lagen in Randbezirken und im Stadtumland kommen kann. Sabine Weck, Stefan Fina, Carmella Pfaffenbach, Julian Schmitz und Diane Dobusch untersuchen im ILS-TRENDS 01/24 „Arm und am (Stadt-)Rand?“, ob und wie dieser Trend auch deutsche Stadtregionen erreicht hat.
Fluid Annotation: A Human-Machine Collaboration Interface for Full Image Annotation
Creators: name: Andriluka, Mykhaylo
name: Uijlings, Jasper R. R.
name: Ferrari, Vittorio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce Fluid Annotation, an intuitive human-machine collaboration interface for annotating the class label and outline of every object and background region in an image. Fluid annotation is based on three principles: (I) Strong Machine-Learning aid. We start from the output of a strong neural network model, which the annotator can edit by correcting the labels of existing regions, adding new regions to cover missing objects, and removing incorrect regions. The edit operations are also assisted by the model. (II) Full image annotation in a single pass. As opposed to performing a series of small annotation tasks in isolation, we propose a unified interface for full image annotation in a single pass. (III) Empower the annotator. We empower the annotator to choose what to annotate and in which order. This enables concentrating on what the machine does not already know, i.e. putting human effort only on the errors it made. This helps using the annotation budget effectively. Through extensive experiments on the COCO+Stuff dataset, we demonstrate that Fluid Annotation leads to accurate annotations very efficiently, taking three times less annotation time than the popular LabelMe interface.
description: ACM MultiMedia 2018. Live demo is available at fluidann.appspot.com
The Secondary Star in Cataclysmic Variables and Low Mass X-ray Binaries
Creators: name: Smith, D. A.
name: Dhillon, V. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We critically re-examine the available data on the spectral types, masses and radii of the secondary stars in cataclysmic variables (CVs) and low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs), using the new catalogue of Ritter & Kolb (1998) as a starting point. We find there are 55 reliable spectral type determinations and only 14 reliable mass determinations of CV secondary stars (10 and 5, respectively, in the case of LMXBs). We derive new spectral type-period, mass-radius, mass-period and radius-period relations, and compare them with theoretical predictions. We find that CV secondary stars with orbital periods shorter than 7-8 hours are, as a group, indistinguishable from main sequence stars in detached binaries. We find it is not valid, however, to estimate the mass from the spectral type of the secondary star in CVs or LMXBs. We find that LMXB secondary stars show some evidence for evolution, with secondary stars which are slightly too large for their mass. We show how the masses and radii of the secondary stars in CVs can be used to test the validity of the disrupted magnetic braking model of CV evolution, but we find that the currently available data are not sufficiently accurate or numerous to allow such an analysis. As well as considering secondary star masses, we also discuss the masses of the white dwarfs in CVs, and find mean values of M_1 = 0.69+/-0.13 M_sun below the period gap, and M_1 = 0.80+/-0.22 M_sun above the period gap.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures
Bispectrum as Baryon Acoustic Oscillation Interferometer
Creators: name: Child, Hillary L.
name: Takada, Masahiro
name: Nishimichi, Takahiro
name: Sunayama, Tomomi
name: Slepian, Zachary
name: Habib, Salman
name: Heitmann, Katrin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The galaxy bispectrum, measuring excess clustering of galaxy triplets, offers a probe of dark energy via baryon acoustic oscillations (BAOs). However up to now it has been severely underused due to the combinatorically explosive number of triangles. Here we exploit interference in the bispectrum to identify triangles that amplify BAOs. This approach reduces the computational cost of estimating covariance matrices, offers an improvement in BAO constraints equivalent to lengthening BOSS by 30%, and simplifies adding bispectrum BAO information to future large-scale redshift survey analyses.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures; revised to match published version
Non-spherical plasmonic nanoparticles
Creators: name: Wood, Christopher
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: The field of nanotechnology has grown exponentially in recent years. As advancements are made in synthetic technology, this allows for their implementation into new research areas, industries, and potential applications. Nanoparticles are an extensively studied area in nanotechnology, with a plethora of constituent materials providing a vast array of potential properties. Plasmonic nanoparticles in particular have the ability to absorb light, leading to enhancements in many applications, for example surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Many plasmonic nanoparticle studies are focused on spherical nanoparticles, but significantly less is known of their non-spherical counterparts. Non-spherical plasmonic nanoparticles possess unique optical and behavioural properties that are of significant technological interest. However, their relatively unknown formation mechanisms typically result in polydisperse samples and little being known of their specific behaviour. The work in this thesis is centred on three areas of non-spherical plasmonic nanoparticles. The first is based on silver nanoprisms, synthesised from the photo-conversion of silver seeds. A blue-shift of their dipole excitation after illumination was noted and investigated using UV-Vis and TEM. Nanoprism analogues were synthesised and investigated, including gold-coated, and hollowed prisms. The second area is based on the size-selection of silver nanoprism solutions using ultraconcentration through a liquid-liquid interface. These investigations were to determine whether such methods and which conditions could be used to increase monodispersity of such nanoparticle samples. An increase in mean size indicated a more monodispersed sample was achieved, and if progressed further could significantly improve the results of other sections or future research. The final section studies magnetic nanoparticles, and using magnetism to direct nanoparticles to points of interest on large multifunctional plasmonic substrates. Through these investigations, magnetic trapping was observed of single nanoparticles on pyramidal substrates.
Sus tajacu Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Artiodactyla
Suidae
Sus
Sus tajacu

description: Sus tajacu [spec. nov.]
S. dorso cystifero, cauda nulla. Syst. nat. 12.
Tajacu. Pis. Ind. 98.
Tajacu s. Aper mexicanus moschiferus. Tyson. act. n. 153. Raj. quadr. 97.
Cuaiguara. Marcgr. bras. 229. Barth. cent. 3. n. 44.
Quavlifla cogmati Quapizott. Hern. mex. 637. t. 637.
Habitat in Mexici, Panamae, Brasiliae montibus, sylvis; edit Ranas, Serpentes.
Corpus cinereum; fascia flava circum humores; crux nigra supra nasum.
Pedes nigri: macula alba supra genua antica. Setae fastigiatae nigrae inter breves aures, nec in dorso. Protuberantia ad latera oris & supra nasum. Glandula secretoria supra clunes, secernens odoratum liquorem ambrosiacum. Z. Hallman.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 50, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Additional file 7: of Quantifying forest structural diversity based on large-scale inventory data: a new approach to support biodiversity monitoring
Creators: name: Storch, Felix
name: Dormann, Carsten
name: JĂźrgen Bauhus
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Overview of analysed forest types and FSI-scores for NFI2002 and NFI2012. (PDF 143 kb)
Relativistic photoionization of H isoelectronic series including plasma shielding effects
Creators: name: Zheng, Xugen
name: Chi, Hsin-Chang
name: Lin, Shin-Ted
name: Jiang, Gang
name: Qiao, Chenkai
name: Huang, Keh-Ning
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With plasma shielding effects of the Debye-Hückel model, we investigate the relativistic photoionization processes of H, Nb$^{40+}$ and Pb$^{81+}$ plasmas in the H-isoelectronic series. The shielded nuclear potential of Yukawa-type experienced by the electron is parameterized by Debye-length $D$. To account for relativistic effects non- perturbatively, we solve the Dirac equation for the bound as well as continuum wavefunctions. Contributions from multipole fields are calculated for high incident photon energies, while the angular distribution and spin polarization parameters of photoelectrons are provided in the electric-dipole approximation. Our results of photoionization cross sections for the H plasma agree with other available theoretical calculations. The interplay between the relativistic and plasma shielding effects on the photoionization parameters is also studied. \keywords{Photoionization, Multipole effect, Debye plasma, Hydrogen atom, Hydrogen-like ions
description: 11 pages, 11 figures; V2: corrections for author information; V3: major revision; V4: published version
Timed and choreographical multiparty session types theory
Creators: name: Yang, Weizhen
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Multiparty session types (MPSTs) are the formalism for describing protocols among multiple participants from a global point of view. They are used to check type-safety and deadlock freedom for programs. In real-time distributed systems, however, protocol descriptions often include: time-related specifications, such as deadline and timeout, by imposing time restrictions on interactions to guarantee the quality of service; and parallel computation for improving efficiency. The original theory of multiparty session types lacks the ability for expressing time and parallel actions in the global description. Therefore, we propose the theory of timed choreographical session types to solve the problem. To express time-related specifications, we associate time constraints and clock resets to asynchronous message passing in global types and local types. We define the labelled transition systems of timed global and local types, and prove that soundness and completeness are preserved through projection. We add a delay primitive to session calculus to achieve a minimum extension of asynchronous π- calculus and prove theorems of type preservation and subject reduction. We also formalise the theorem of time error-freedom and properties of feasibility and wait- freedom to guarantee that no deadlock is caused by time error. Additionally, we show that timed global session types enjoy progress property if the global types without time constraints and resets are verified to progress. In the theory of choreographical session types, for the purpose of precise thread management, explicit fork/merge operations for parallel composition and choice/join for branching are defined in both global and local session types and session calculus. To ensure well-behaved communications, we formalise the definition of well-formedness for global types and present sufficient conditions for verifying well-formedness. Based on choreographical session calculus, we define the operational semantics and typing system for processes and prove the theorems of subject reduction and type safety. When we model scenarios of concurrent real-time systems, it is natural to combine the formalisms of timed session types and choreographical session types. Then we add time assertions to labelled message passing operations in choreographical global and local types, and delay primitive in session calculus. Due to the orthogonality of time and parallel composition, we easily prove the theorems of subject reduction, and time error-freedom within the timed choreographical context. Due to introduced complexity in global types, we present the progress enablement and time progress property to guarantee that processes will progress.
Constraining Peaks in Gaussian Primordial Density Fields: an Application of the Hoffman-Ribak Method
Creators: name: van de Weygaert, Rien
name: Bertschinger, Edmund
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop an algorithm for setting up initial Gaussian random density and velocity fields containing one or more peaks or dips, in an arbitrary cosmological scenario. The intention is to generate appropriate initial conditions for cosmological N-body simulations that focus on the evolution of the progenitors of the present-day galaxies and clusters. The procedure is an application of the direct and accurate prescription of Hoffman & Ribak (1991) for generating constrained random fields. For each peak a total of 21 physical characteristics can be specified, including its scale, position, density Hessian, velocity, and velocity gradient. The velocity (or, equivalently, gravity) field constrants are based on a generalization of the formalism developed by Bardeen et al. (1986). The resulting density field is sculpted such that it induces the desired amount of net gravitational and tidal forces. We provide a detailed mathematical presentation of the formalism. Afterwards we provide analytical estimates of the likelihood of the imposed constraints. Amongst others, it is shown that the tidal field has a strong tendency to align itself along the principal axes of the mass tensor. The method is illustrated by means of some concrete examples. In addition to the illustration of constraint-field correlation functions and how they add up to the mean fields, followed by illustrations of the variance characteristics of field realizations, we concentrate in particular on the consequences of imposing gravitational field constraints (or, equivalent in the linear regime for growing mode fluctuations, peculiar velocity field constraints).
description: 45 pages Plain Tex source file. 6 PostScript figures in a compressed tar file at ftp://kapteyn.astro.rug.nl/exchange/WEYgaert/hofrib.figs.uu . Submitted to MNRAS
Additional file 1: of Uncovering anthocyanin biosynthesis related microRNAs and their target genes by small RNA and degradome sequencing in tuberous roots of sweetpotato
Creators: name: He, Liheng
name: Tang, Ruimin
name: Shi, Xiaowen
name: Wang, Wenbing
name: Cao, Qinghe
name: Liu, Xiayu
name: Wang, Ting
name: Sun, Yan
name: Zhang, Hongmei
name: Li, Runzhi
name: Jia, Xiaoyun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Statistics of sRNA sequences and transcriptome mapping of the libraries in sweetpotato. (DOC 32 kb)
Investigating structural properties of lipid bilayers through the use of molecular rotors
Creators: name: Dent, Michael
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: As the physical boundary separating the cell interior from the outside world, the plasma membrane is arguably one of the most important cellular organelles. Along with the proteins embedded within it, the plasma membrane plays a part in a number of vital roles including intercellular communication, cell motility and homeostasis. Despite this, comparatively little is known about the exact structure of the plasma membrane. The plasma membrane is a lipid bilayer that is widely believed to undergo transient phase separation into domains of different viscosities, which may be responsible for certain membrane properties. By using molecular rotors (organic fluorophores whose fluorescence properties depend on the viscosity of their surrounding environment) in conjunction with fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), it is possible to generate a viscosity map of a heterogeneous biological system. In this thesis, we use molecular rotors to investigate the viscoelastic properties and phase behaviour of a range of lipid bilayer systems. We begin by using molecular rotors based on a boron-dipyrrin (BODIPY) core to investigate membrane viscosity within model systems, finding that different lipid phases display different viscosities, and visualising lipid phase separation within giant vesicles. We go on to use BODIPY rotors to image viscosity within the plasma membranes of live Escherichia coli bacteria at different temperatures, finding that they display a much higher degree of membrane ordering than previously observed in eukaryotic cells. Next we explore synthetic alternatives to the conventionally used BODIPY rotors in order to address their shortcomings, before using molecular rotors based on a thiophene moiety to determine the viscosity of the plasma membranes of live human cell lines. Our results from these studies suggest that phase-separation may indeed occur within the plasma membrane.
Determination of the dynamical structure of galaxies using optical spectra
Creators: name: De Rijcke, S.
name: Dejonghe, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galaxy spectra are a rich source of kinematical information since the shapes of the absorption lines reflect the movement of stars along the line-of-sight. We present a technique to directly build a dynamical model for a galaxy by fitting model spectra, calculated from a dynamical model, to the observed galaxy spectra. Using synthetic spectra from a known galaxy model we demonstrate that this technique indeed recovers the essential dynamical characteristics of the galaxy model. Moreover, the method allows a statistically meaningful error analysis on the resulting dynamical quantities.
description: 14 pages, 14 figures, Latexfile, MNRAS, in press
Electrocatalytic and catalytic oxygen reduction utilising transition metal and heteroatom doped carbon materials
Creators: name: Malko, Daniel
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: The commercialisation of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) is partly delayed due to the use of expensive and scarce precious metal catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Transition metal and nitrogen containing carbon materials (M-N/C) could potentially replace Pt. However, the activity and stability is still too low. This is due to a lack in the understanding of the active site, a difficulty in determining intrinsic catalyst parameters and the challenges posed by the higher catalyst loading in fuel cells. A new precursor was identified. It can be doped with different metal centres and readily forms self-supporting ORR active carbon catalysts upon pyrolysis. Physicochemical characterisations of the Fe-N/C material suggests atomic metal centres as active sites. A proton coupled electron transfer is presumably the rate determining step. The catalyst is exceptionally poison tolerant against a wide range of compounds that affect Pt based materials. It was found that nitrite and nitric oxide interact with the active site(s). Fundamental insight was gained and it seems that two different types of metal centred active sites are present within Fe-N/C catalysts. A methodology was developed to electrochemically count one type of those active sites by means of reductive nitrite stripping in a conventional rotating disk electrode (RDE) setup. It is possible to estimate the turnover frequency and active site density. The material also catalyses the epoxidation of alkenes at room temperature and ambient pressure, suggesting a similar working principle as transition metal macrocycles. A study of M-N/C catalysts in operating PEFCs has been conducted. The catalyst layer was investigated by means of impedance spectroscopy. The peculiar 45 degree feature and its deviation in the impedance spectrum can be used to determine the optimal ionomer content in the catalyst layer and therefore speed up the investigation in single cells.
A Stellar Audit: The Computation of Encounter Rates for 47 Tucanae and omega Centauri
Creators: name: Davies, M. B.
name: Benz, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using King-Mitchie Models, we compute encounter rates between the various stellar species in the globular clusters $ω$ Cen, and 47 Tuc. We also compute event rates for encounters between single stars and a population of primordial binaries. Using these rates, and what we have learnt from hydrodynamical simulations of encounters performed earlier, we compute the production rates of objects such as low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs), smothered neutron stars and blue stragglers (massive main-sequence stars). If 10\% of the stars are contained in primordial binaries, the production rate of interesting objects from encounters involving these binaries is as large as that from encounters between single stars. For example, encounters involving binaries produce a significant number of blue stragglers in both globular cluster models. The number of smothered neutron stars may exceed the number of low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) by a factor of 5-20, which may help explain why millisecond pulsars are observed to outnumber LMXBs in globular clusters.
description: uuencoded compressed postscript. The preprint is also available at http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/preprint/PrePrint.html
Additional file 3 of Association of nitrite inhalants use and unprotected anal intercourse and HIV/syphilis infection among MSM in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Zhang, Yonghui
name: Bao, Rantong
name: Leuba, Sequoia I.
name: Li, Jiaming
name: Wang, Hongyi
name: Zhang, Jing
name: Chu, Zhenxing
name: Geng, Wenqing
name: Jiang, Yongjun
name: Xu, Junjie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3: Table S3. Summary of quality assessment score of 15 studies. The 15 studies were assessed on the quality assessment which include each score of five questions and total score of each study.
Seismic characterisation of carbonate reservoirs
Creators: name: Liu, Yan
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: The characterisation of karstified carbonate reservoirs is a challenging task due to: (a) Complex fault systems; (b) Amplitude anomalies (karst features) and (c) Strong heterogeneity. To deal with these difficulties, I have developed three techniques targeting at the karstified carbonate reservoirs from Tarim basin: (a) Fracture detection based on seismic coherence can be affected by dipping reflectors and noise. A robust algorithm is developed, where dip is used to eliminate the impact of dipping reflectors and a pseudo-multichannel appraoch is employed to improve robustness (good performance for S/N ratio greater than 2). (b) In the presence of karst fractures (strong amplitudes), seismic facies classification based on seismic trace shape may not analyse the weak amplitudes in the background strata. To combat this difficulty, I use the amplitude variation pattern (normalised seismic segment) as the input to avoid the potential impact of strong amplitudes and help to analyse the weak amplitude. (c) It is difficult to honour the lateral variation due to the strong heterogeneity in the karstified carbonate reservoirs. I adopt a Fourier integral method (FIM) in the stochastic inversion where the lateral variation is honoured based on the seismic trace similarity. After I have successfully developed and verified these methods listed above, I apply them together to characterise another carbonate reservoir. This case study has less number of existing wells (five). Explicitly, I apply in order: seismic coherence, seismic facies classification, FIM-based stochastic inversion, and the lithofacies classification. I use seismic coherence as prior knowledge in the classification, enabling to honour the localised dolomitization along faults and fractures. Finally, I propose three well locations for potential oil/gas production based on the classified facies and lithofacies probability (over 40%). My study shows that the algorithms can be employed for reservoir characterisation and provide improved results comparing with conventional methods.
Sus babyrussa Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Artiodactyla
Suidae
Sus
Sus babyrussa

description: Sus babyrussa [spec. nov.]
S. dentibus duobus caninis fronti innatis. Syst. nat. 12.
Babyroussa. Bont. jav. 61. Barth. cent. 2. obs. 96. Grew. mus. t. 1. Seb. mus. 1. p. 80. t. 50. f. 2. Raj. quadr. 96.
Habitat in Borneo Indiae orientalis.
Magnitudine Cervi. Dentes Laniarii superiores II, perforantes cranium frontis, recurvati ut 2 cornua; inferiores utrinque solitarii, magni, adstant prioribus.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 50, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Additional file 6: of Quantifying forest structural diversity based on large-scale inventory data: a new approach to support biodiversity monitoring
Creators: name: Storch, Felix
name: Dormann, Carsten
name: J端rgen Bauhus
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: FSI-distribution for a selection of different forest types of Baden-W端rttemberg for NFI2002 and NFI2012 (y-axis: frequency of sampling plots; x-axis: FSI-score). (PDF 214 kb)
Sgr A^*: A supermassive black hole or a spatially extended object?
Creators: name: Munyaneza, F.
name: Tsiklauri, D.
name: Viollier, R. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report here on a calculation of possible orbits of the fast moving infrared source S1 which has been recently observed by Eckart and Genzel (1997) near the Galactic center. It is shown that tracking of the orbit of S1 or any other fast moving star near Sgr A^* offers a possibility of distinguishing between the supermassive black hole and extended object scenarios of Sgr A^*. In our calculations we assumed that the extended object at the Galactic center is a non-baryonic ball made of degenerate, self-gravitating heavy neutrino matter, as it has been recently proposed by Tsiklauri & Viollier (1998a,b).
description: AASTEX, 5 postscript figs., submitted to ApJ Lett
Dasypus Linnaeus, 1758, gen. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Cingulata
Dasypodidae
Dasypus

description: Dasypus [gen. nov.]
Dentes ...
Corpus testa ossea cataphractum, Zonis intersecta.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 50, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
The Binary Zoo: The Calculation of Production Rates of Binaries Through 2+1 Encounters in Globular Clusters
Creators: name: Davies, M. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In studying encounters between binaries and single stars, one is interested in three classes of events: exchanges of stars, hardening of the original binary by a third star, and the production of merged objects. We present a means for computing cross sections for these three outcomes for an arbitrary binary and single star as might be found in the core of a globular cluster. The cross sections for a number of binaries in various stellar populations are then computed. We consider multiple encounters and the ultimate fate of a population of binaries fed into the cores of different globular cluster models. We see that the presence of only a relatively small number of binaries (containing 10\% of the stars) will boost the production rate of astrophysically-interesting objects by a factor of at least a few over the rates expected from encounters between single stars. In particular, the ratio of smothered neutron stars to low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) may be greatly increased, possibly explaining, in part, the excess of millisecond pulsars compared to LMXBs.
description: uuencoded compressed postscript. The preprint is also available at http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/preprint/PrePrint.html
Additional file 1: of Evolution in chronic cold: varied loss of cellular response to heat in Antarctic notothenioid fish
Creators: name: Bilyk, Kevin
name: Vargas-Chacoff, Luis
name: C.-H.Christina Cheng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Table S1. Overview of the tissues used in each species’ reference transcriptome and their respective RIN values. Table S2. Sequencing and Assembly Metrics. Table S3. Gill Sequencing and Mapping Results – Read counts. Table S4. Gill Sequencing and Mapping Results – Percentages. Table S5. E. maclovinus specific enrichment. Table S6. enrichment for the transcripts shared in the E. maclovinus and C. rastrospinosus responses. Table S7. C. rastrospinosus specific enrichment. Table S8. GO terms enriched from the global E. maclovinus transcriptional response to heat. Table S9. GO terms enriched from the global C. rastrospinosus transcriptional response to heat. (DOCX 96 kb)
Quarkonium radiative decays from the hadronic Paschen-Back effect
Creators: name: Iwasaki, Sachio
name: Suzuki, Kei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the radiative (E1 and M1) decays of P-wave quarkonia in a strong magnetic field based on the Lagrangian of potential nonrelativistic QCD. To investigate their properties, we implement a polarized wave function basis justified in the Paschen-Back limit. In a magnetic field stronger than the spin-orbit coupling, the wave functions of the P-wave quarkonia are drastically deformed by the Hadronic Paschen-Back effect. Such deformation leads to the anisotropy of the direction of decays from the P-wave quarkonia. The analytic formulas for the radiative decay widths in the nonrelativistic limit are shown, and the qualitative decay properties are discussed.
description: 11 pages, 1 figure, 5 tables; published version
title: Polychlorinated Biphenyl Levels in the Ocean Scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) Gmelin from the Philadelphia Sewage Sludge Disposal Site
Creators: name: Hall, Guy Jeffrey
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 1983

description: Ocean Scallops (Placopecten magellanicus) were sampled from stations in and around the Philadelphia Disposal Site. Each sample was dissected and aliquots of adductor muscle and reproductive tissue were chemically extracted for Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs). A perchlorinated procedure outlined by Diosady et al., 1972, Aromour, 1973 and Crist et al., 1977 was employed to increase detection levels and simplify quantitation of PCBs. PCB levels were reported in dry weight and lipid weight of both adductor muscle and reproductive tissue. Findings indicated residual levels or PCB/lipid weight increased as lipid levels decreased in both tissue types. Levels detected in all adductor muscle samples analyzed fell well below the F.D.A. action level of 5 ppm wet weight. Scallops were able to be grouped with control and disposal regions yet no distinct distance or direction gradient could be distinguished. There also appeared to be no distinct seasonal trends apparent in the PCB levels of muscle or reproductive tissue in scallops from the study area. Therefore, large scale spatiotemporal patterns of PCB contamination in the scallops or the region appeared to be negligible.
On the structure of natural human movement
Creators: name: Thomik, Andreas Alexander Christian
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: Understanding of human motor control is central to neuroscience with strong implications in the fields of medicine, robotics and evolution. It is thus surprising that the vast majority of motor control studies have focussed on human movement in the laboratory while neglecting behaviour in natural environments. We developed an experimental paradigm to quantify human behaviour in high resolution over extended periods of time in ecologically relevant environments. This allows us to discover novel insights and contradictory evidence to well-established findings obtained in controlled laboratory conditions. Using our data, we map the statistics of natural human movement and their variability between people. The variability and complexity of the data recorded in these settings required us to develop new tools to extract meaningful information in an objective, data-driven fashion. Moving from descriptive statistics to structure, we identify stable structures of movement coordination, particularly within the arm-hand area. Combining our data with numerous published findings, we argue that current hypotheses that the brain simplifies motor control problems by dimensionality reduction are too reductionist. We propose an alternative hypothesis derived from sparse coding theory, a concept which has been successfully applied to the sensory system. To investigate this idea, we develop an algorithm for unsupervised identification of sparse structures in natural movement data. Our method outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms for accuracy and data-efficiency. Applying this method to hand data reveals a dictionary of \emph{sparse eigenmotions} (SEMs) which are well preserved across multiple subjects. These are highly efficient and invariant representation of natural movement, and suggest a potential higher-order grammatical structure or ``movement language''. Our findings make a number of testable predictions about neural coding of movement in the cortex. This has direct consequences for advancing research on dextrous prosthetics and robotics, and has profound implications for our understanding of how the brain controls our body.
Additional file 4 of Association of nitrite inhalants use and unprotected anal intercourse and HIV/syphilis infection among MSM in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Zhang, Yonghui
name: Bao, Rantong
name: Leuba, Sequoia I.
name: Li, Jiaming
name: Wang, Hongyi
name: Zhang, Jing
name: Chu, Zhenxing
name: Geng, Wenqing
name: Jiang, Yongjun
name: Xu, Junjie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 4: Table S4. Basic information about eligible studies. Basic information on 15 eligible studies such as study location, study periods, recruitment methods, survey method, eligibility of subjects, sample size, recall window (months), poppers use recall window (months).