cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Thermal and crystallization history of olivine-gabbroic shergottite Northwest Africa (NWA) 13227: a link between poikilitic and gabbroic shergottites?
Creators: name: Benaroya, Sophie
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2022

description: Martian meteorites are the only samples currently available on Earth to study Mars. Most martian meteorites are igneous in origin. Understanding the formation of these igneous rocks, and any potential links between different types of igneous groups can provide insight into mantle and crust composition and evolution, including early differentiation, convection, volatile content, and planetary differentiation. Martian meteorite Northwest Africa (NWA) 13227 represents an olivine-gabbroic shergottite, a relatively new shergottite group, which differs from previously described gabbroic shergottites due to their high quantities of olivine. It holds special significance because it may represent a potential link between gabbroic and poikilitic shergottites. NWA 13227 is comprised of phenocrystic, oscillatory zoned pyroxene and olivine, set in a matrix of maskelynite, Fe-Cr-Ti oxides, phosphates, and sulfides. It displays both gabbroic and poikilitic textures in 2D from back-scattered electron images, and in 3D from X-ray Computed Tomography (XCT) imaging. Its rare earth element (REE) profile indicates that it falls under the enriched shergottite group with a (La/Yb)CI = 1.13, similar to enriched poikilitic shergottites and gabbroic shergottites. Based on the Ti/Al ratio of pyroxene, phosphorous zoning in olivine, and minor components in phosphates and oxides, we infer that NWA 13227 began crystallizing under redox conditions of -2.6 QFM and temperatures of ~1157°C, consistent with conditions in Mars’ lower crust/upper mantle. The sample finished crystallizing at or near the surface under redox conditions of -0.5 QFM and temperatures ~857°C. The volatile ratios in apatites indicate that NWA 13227 experienced de-gassing during the last stages of crystallization. Modeled Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd sources give an estimated age for NWA 13227 of between ~150 – 260 Ma. The mineralogy, petrology, and mineral chemistry of NWA 13227 indicate affinities to both poikilitic and gabbroic shergottites, and thus, suggest that these groups share a common origin or magmatic plumbing system, like those proposed for enriched poikilitic and gabbroic shergottites. NWA 13227 is the first sample that suggests a link between gabbroic and poikilitic shergottites.
Search for excited quarks in the photon+jet final state in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search for excited quarks decaying into the photon+jet final state is presented. The analysis is based on data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 inverse femtobarns collected by the CMS experiment in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV at the LHC. Events with photons and jets with high transverse momenta are selected and the photon+jet invariant mass distribution is studied to search for a resonance peak. The 95% confidence level upper limits on the product of cross section and branching fraction are evaluated as a function of the excited quark mass. Limits on excited quarks are presented as a function of their mass and coupling strength; masses below 3.5 TeV are excluded at 95% confidence level for unit couplings to their standard model partners.
description: Replaced with published version. Added the journal reference and DOI
Biorisk Management Case Study: International Genetically Engineered Machine Foundation
Creators: name: Alexanian, Tessa
name: Millett, Piers
name: Greene, Daniel
name: Brink, Kathryn
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Risk management

description: The Internationally Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM) Foundation is an international organization that coordinates an annual, world-wide synthetic biology competition. Its risk management process includes multiple reviews during the competition cycle. iGEM’s practices have evolved over time but have focused on enabling individuals from all levels of the synthetic biology community to participate in risk management. iGEM openly shares information about its practices, including publishing policies and risk assessments online and sharing lessons with the life science community. iGEM:
• considers an extensive scope of risks, including laboratory biosafety, dual-use research, environmental release, antimicrobial resistance, human experimentation, human subjects research, and animal use.
• supports teams through online resources, tools, online workshops, and tailored video content in the iGEM Academy.
• uses standardized forms to collect information about the safety and security practices of each team.
• draws on in-house expertise and external consultants for risk assessment, including both volunteers and paid professionals.
• conducts annual reviews and updates of its programs, including safety and security risk management processes.
• rewards innovation through safety-related grants and prizes.
Co-Designing Dynamic Mixed Reality Drill Positioning Widgets: A Collaborative Approach with Dentists in a Realistic Setup
Creators: name: Dastan, Mine
name: Fiorentino, Michele
name: Walter, Elias D.
name: Diegritz, Christian
name: Uva, Antonio E.
name: Eck, Ulrich
name: Navab, Nassir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Mixed Reality (MR) is proven in the literature to support precise spatial dental drill positioning by superimposing 3D widgets. Despite this, the related knowledge about widget's visual design and interactive user feedback is still limited. Therefore, this study is contributed to by co-designed MR drill tool positioning widgets with two expert dentists and three MR experts. The results of co-design are two static widgets (SWs): a simple entry point, a target axis, and two dynamic widgets (DWs), variants of dynamic error visualization with and without a target axis (DWTA and DWEP). We evaluated the co-designed widgets in a virtual reality simulation supported by a realistic setup with a tracked phantom patient, a virtual magnifying loupe, and a dentist's foot pedal. The user study involved 35 dentists with various backgrounds and years of experience. The findings demonstrated significant results; DWs outperform SWs in positional and rotational precision, especially with younger generations and subjects with gaming experiences. The user preference remains for DWs (19) instead of SWs (16). However, findings indicated that the precision positively correlates with the time trade-off. The post-experience questionnaire (NASA-TLX) showed that DWs increase mental and physical demand, effort, and frustration more than SWs. Comparisons between DWEP and DWTA show that the DW's complexity level influences time, physical and mental demands. The DWs are extensible to diverse medical and industrial scenarios that demand precision.
title: Der Klimawandel und seine Auswirkungen auf ausgewählte Gletscher der Alpen und arktischen Meereises
Creators: name: Widzyk, Monika
Year: 2021

description: Klimawandel, Gletscher, Gletscher der Alpen, arktisches Meereis
description: Climate Change, Glacier, Glaciers of the alps, arctic sea-ice
Culex aegypti
Creators: name: Linnaeus, C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1762
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Culicidae
Culex
Culex aegypti

description: CXXI. Culex aegypti aciculationibus candidis Mangitudo culicis vulgaris. Linn Syst. N. 1 Color. Ex fusco canus. Crura cana cum annulis candidis, parvis, circa articulationes & in articulis Puncta candida ad marginem dorsi in corpore sub alis utrinque, plura, longitudinaliter sita. Annulus candidus ad basin thoracis, inter illum & corpus. Linea candida perpendicularis juxta oculos, utrinque una parva. Locus, Aegyptus, Culice communi rarior
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, C., 1762, Zweyter Theil, enthält Beschreibungen verschiedener wichtiger Naturalien, pp. 470 in Zweyter Theil, enthält Beschreibungen verschiedener wichtiger Naturalien, Rostock :J. C. Koppe on page 470, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.164847
title: Völkisch-lebenreformerische Diskurse in der Literatur um 1900 am Beispiel von Heinrich Pudor
Creators: name: Keretic, Anja
Year: 2021

description: Die vorliegende Masterarbeit gibt einen Einblick in die schriftlichen Tätigkeiten eines völkisch-lebensreformerischen Kulturkritikers, Heinrich Pudor. Dabei wurde untersucht, in welcher Form völkisches sowie rechtes Gedankengut in der Lebensreformbewegung um 1900 literarisch verarbeitet wurde. Zu Beginn wurde ein theoretischer Rahmen geschaffen, der den rechten Flügel einer weniger bekannten Gesellschaftsbewegung, der Lebensreform, um 1900 umreißt. Auf Grundlage dessen wurden drei Werke von Heinrich Pudor ausgewählt und einer Literaturanalyse unterzogen. Es sollte in Nackende Menschen (1893), Jungbrunnen (1894) und Deutschland für die Deutschen (1912) empirisch der Frage nachgegangen werden, inwiefern sich völkisch-lebensreformerische Elemente in den Werken Pudors widerspiegeln und mit welcher sprachlichen Ästhetik diese ausgedrückt wurden. Entgegen vielen Meinungen, die Lebensreform sei stets pazifistisch und friedliebend gewesen, konnte in der Arbeit die Neigung des Autors zum Völkischen aufgezeigt werden. Ebenso wurde sichtbar, dass die lebensreformerische und die rechte sowie antisemitische Weltanschauung in Persönlichkeiten wie Heinrich Pudor eine Vereinigung fanden.
General coordinate invariance in quantum many-body systems
Creators: name: Brauner, Tomas
name: Endlich, Solomon
name: Monin, Alexander
name: Penco, Riccardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the notion of general coordinate invariance to many-body, not necessarily relativistic, systems. As an application, we investigate nonrelativistic general covariance in Galilei-invariant systems. The peculiar transformation rules for the background metric and gauge fields, first introduced by Son and Wingate in 2005 and refined in subsequent works, follow naturally from our framework. Our approach makes it clear that Galilei or Poincare symmetry is by no means a necessary prerequisite for making the theory invariant under coordinate diffeomorphisms. General covariance merely expresses the freedom to choose spacetime coordinates at will, whereas the true, physical symmetries of the system can be separately implemented as "internal" symmetries within the vielbein formalism. A systematic way to implement such symmetries is provided by the coset construction. We illustrate this point by applying our formalism to nonrelativistic s-wave superfluids.
description: 14 pages; v2: minor update with additional references and acknowledgments, version to appear in Phys. Rev. D
Enhancing Personalized Recipe Recommendation Through Multi-Class Classification
Creators: name: Neelam, Harish
name: Veerella, Koushik Sai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper intends to address the challenge of personalized recipe recommendation in the realm of diverse culinary preferences. The problem domain involves recipe recommendations, utilizing techniques such as association analysis and classification. Association analysis explores the relationships and connections between different ingredients to enhance the user experience. Meanwhile, the classification aspect involves categorizing recipes based on user-defined ingredients and preferences. A unique aspect of the paper is the consideration of recipes and ingredients belonging to multiple classes, recognizing the complexity of culinary combinations. This necessitates a sophisticated approach to classification and recommendation, ensuring the system accommodates the nature of recipe categorization. The paper seeks not only to recommend recipes but also to explore the process involved in achieving accurate and personalized recommendations.
title: Partizipation in der Wissensgesellschaft: Citizen Science
Creators: name: Palfinger, Thomas
Year: 2021

description: Citizen Science ist ein spätestens seit den 1990ern unter diesem Begriff beschriebenes Phänomen in der Wissenschaft, bei dem Bürger*innen in wissenschaftliche Prozesse eingebunden werden. Zusammen mit der Digitalisierung hat Citizen Science in den vergangenen zehn Jahren einen großen Aufschwung erlebt und ihr wurde auch außerhalb der Wissenschaft immer mehr Aufmerksamkeit zuteil. Neben einer angenommenen Demokratisierung der Wissenschaft beziehungsweise wissenschaftlichen Wissens erhielt Citizen Science vor allem durch die technologischen Aspekte ein innovatives Image im Feld, wobei insbesondere letzteres häufig von Politikakteur*innen aufgegriffen wird. In dieser Arbeit wird die österreichische Citizen Science Landschaft mit einem Fokus auf digitale Citizen Science Projekte genauer untersucht. Hierzu wurden im Rahmen einer Dokumentenanalyse die zentralen strategischen Zielsetzungen relevanter Akteure im Feld herausgearbeitet und mit den in der Theorie zu Citizen Science aufgeführten Zielen verglichen. Außerdem wurden sieben Expert*inneninterviews mit Projekteigner*innen aus zwei unterschiedlichen Projekten und weiteren relevanten Akteur*innen durchgeführt. Dabei wurde einerseits betrachtet, wie sich die Kooperation zwischen Wissenschaftler*innen und Bürger*innen auf Projektebene gestaltet. Andererseits wurde analysiert, wie der Technologieeinsatz die Zusammenarbeit prägt und welche Folgen dieser für die Rollen- und Machtverhältnisse der involvierten Akteur*innen hatte. Die Arbeit kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass weder die Digitalisierung noch die Einbindung von Bürger*innen eine Verschiebung der Rollen- und Machtverhältnisse in der österreichischen Wissenschaftslandschaft zur Folge hat.
Off-shell Amplitudes in Superstring Theory
Creators: name: Sen, Ashoke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Computing the renormalized masses and S-matrix elements in string theory, involving states whose masses are not protected from quantum corrections, requires defining off-shell amplitude with certain factorization properties. While in the bosonic string theory one can in principle construct such an amplitude from string field theory, there is no fully consistent field theory for type II and heterotic string theory. In this paper we give a practical construction of off-shell amplitudes satisfying the desired factorization property using the formalism of picture changing operators. We describe a systematic procedure for dealing with the spurious singularities of the integration measure that we encounter in superstring perturbation theory. This procedure is also useful for computing on-shell amplitudes, as we demonstrate by computing the effect of Fayet-Iliopoulos D-terms in four dimensional heterotic string theory compactifications using this formalism.
description: LaTeX file, 79 pages, 14 figures; v2 references and clarifications added, normalisation fixed to facilitate construction of 1PI string field theory, notations simplified; v3: minor changes; v4: minor additions and typos corrected
Central $μ^{+}μ^{-}$ production via photon-photon fusion in proton-proton collisions with proton dissociation
Creators: name: da Silveira, Gustavo Gil
name: Forthomme, Laurent
name: Piotrzkowski, Krzysztof
name: Schäfer, Wolfgang
name: Szczurek, Antoni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a formalism which uses fluxes of equivalent photons including transverse momenta of the intermediate photons. The formalism reminds the familiar $k_t$-factorization approach used, e.g., to study the two-photon production of $c\bar{c}$ or $b\bar{b}$ pairs. The results of the new method are compared with those obtained using the code LPAIR, and a good agreement is obtained. The inclusion of the photon transverse momenta is necessary in studies of correlation observables. We present distributions for the dimuon invariant mass, transverse momentum of the muon pair and relative azimuthal angle between muons separately for elastic-elastic, elastic-inelastic, inelastic-elastic and inelastic-inelastic mechanisms. For typical experimental cuts all mechanisms give similar contributions. The results are shown for different sets of cuts relevant for the LHC experiments. The cross sections in different regions of phase space depend on $F_2$ structure function in different regions of $x$ and $Q^2$. A comment on $F_2$ is made.
description: 24 pages, 36 figures, 2 tables
Coherent versus measurement feedback: Linear systems theory for quantum information
Creators: name: Yamamoto, Naoki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To control a quantum system via feedback, we generally have two options in choosing control scheme. One is the coherent feedback, which feeds the output field of the system, through a fully quantum device, back to manipulate the system without involving any measurement process. The other one is the measurement-based feedback, which measures the output field and performs a real-time manipulation on the system based on the measurement results. Both schemes have advantages/disadvantages, depending on the system and the control goal, hence their comparison in several situation is important. This paper considers a general open linear quantum system with the following specific control goals; back-action evasion (BAE), generation of a quantum non-demolished (QND) variable, and generation of a decoherence-free subsystem (DFS), all of which have important roles in quantum information science. Then some no-go theorems are proven, clarifying that those goals cannot be achieved by any measurement-based feedback control. On the other hand it is shown that, for each control goal, there exists a coherent feedback controller accomplishing the task. The key idea to obtain all the results is system theoretic characterizations of BAE, QND, and DFS in terms of controllability and observability properties or transfer functions of linear systems, which are consistent with their standard definitions.
description: 21 pages, 10 figures, to appear in Physical Review X
ComplexCodeEval: A Benchmark for Evaluating Large Code Models on More Complex Code
Creators: name: Feng, Jia
name: Liu, Jiachen
name: Gao, Cuiyun
name: Chong, Chun Yong
name: Wang, Chaozheng
name: Gao, Shan
name: Xia, Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In recent years, the application of large language models (LLMs) to code-related tasks has gained significant attention. However, existing evaluation benchmarks often focus on limited scenarios, such as code generation or completion, which do not reflect the diverse challenges developers face in real-world contexts. To address this, we introduce ComplexCodeEval, a benchmark designed to assess LCMs in various development tasks, including code generation, completion, API recommendation, and test case generation. It includes 3,897 Java samples and 7,184 Python samples from high-star GitHub repositories, each annotated with function signatures, docstrings, and API references to simulate real development environments. Our experiments across ten LCMs reveal that context improves performance and that data leakage can lead to overestimation, highlighting the need for more accurate evaluations.
description: Accepted by the 39th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE 2024)
title: Holistic ecology (a novel)
Creators: name: boothby, Megan Elizabeth
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Year: 2023

description: This novel engages with the foundations of material ecocriticism as described by scholars like Donna Haraway, Serpil Opperman, and Anna Tsing. It explores, through a creative practice of fiction, aspects of queer ecology, monster theory, and disability theory, particularly with regards to neurodiversity and neuroqueerness, in the mode of M. Remi Yergeau and Nick Walker. It also draws on current trends in biology and popular science writing, such as fungal communication and cephalopod intelligence, and on tropes from speculative and post-apocalyptic fiction and the Weird. This novel seeks to provide examples of ecological entanglement and nonhuman kinship through imagined assemblages and mutating bodies. The central argument of this narrative is that the apocalypse, or the post-apocalyptic world as understood in popular imagination, need not be hopeless, or a final ending to sentience and emotionality. The “hopeful apocalypse” of this novel envisions an arc of more-than-human becoming – a journey from fearing the fictional fungal mutations to embracing them as a gift. The fungal webs and monstrous bodies of this imagined future allow for communication that transcends human language, and they facilitate continued human and nonhuman survival.
Self-defense without deontology
Creators: name: Goodrich, James Patrick
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2022

description: This dissertation is about whether those attracted to consequentialism can provide a plausible theory of the ethics of self-defense. I argue that they can. In Chapter 1, I summarize my motivations, approach, and conclusions. In Chapter 2, I discuss ‘Lesser-Evil’ Justifications for harming others. In Chapter 3, I argue that consequentialists can do justice to many of the claims philosophers want to make about simple cases of self- defense in which a culpable aggressor attempts to harm an innocent person. In Chapter 4, I discuss what the consequentialist should say about commonsense prohibitions against harming innocent bystanders. In Chapter 5, I dig deeper into the relationship between responsibility and the moral ideal of justice by discussing cases in which individuals non- culpably pose threats to innocent people. In Chapter 6, I argue that consequentialists can shed light upon a controversial family of cases of self-defense. In Chapter 7, I discuss what my conclusions imply about directions for future work.
Solving fermion sign problem in quantum Monte Carlo by Majorana representation
Creators: name: Li, Zi-Xiang
name: Jiang, Yi-Fan
name: Yao, Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we discover a new quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) method to solve the fermion sign problem in interacting fermion models by employing Majorana representation of complex fermions. We call it "Majorana QMC" (MQMC). Especially, MQMC is fermion sign free in simulating a class of spinless fermion models on bipartite lattices at half filling and with arbitrary range of (unfrustrated) interactions. To the best of our knowledge, MQMC is the first auxiliary field QMC method to solve fermion sign problem in spinless (more generally, odd number of species) fermion models. MQMC simulations can be performed efficiently both at finite and zero temperatures. We believe that MQMC could pave a new avenue to solve fermion sign problem in more generic fermionic models.
description: Selected as an Editors' Suggestion in PRB Rapid Communication, published version with updated reference
Energy loss and (de)coherence effects beyond eikonal approximation
Creators: name: Apolinário, Liliana
name: Armesto, Néstor
name: Milhano, Guilherme
name: Salgado, Carlos A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The parton branching process is known to be modified in the presence of a medium. Colour decoherence processes are known to determine the process of energy loss when the density of the medium is large enough to break the correlations between partons emitted from the same parent. In order to improve existing calculations that consider eikonal trajectories for both the emitter and the hardest emitted parton, we provide in this work, the calculation of all finite energy corrections for the gluon radiation off a quark in a QCD medium that exist in the small angle approximation and for static scattering centres. Using the path integral formalism, all particles are allowed to undergo Brownian motion in the transverse plane and the offspring allowed to carry an arbitrary fraction of the initial energy. The result is a general expression that contains both coherence and decoherence regimes that are controlled by the density of the medium and by the amount of broadening that each parton acquires independently.
description: 4 pages, to appear in the proceedings of the Quark Matter 2014 conference
Additional file 1 of Inferring chromosome radial organization from Hi-C data
Creators: name: Priyojit Das
name: Tongye Shen
name: McCord, Rachel Patton
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1. This file contains Tables S1−S2 and Figures S1−S11.
Switching from STEM career goals in college: experiences of women of color with immigrant parents
Creators: name: Rydel, Andrea C.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2022

description: This exploratory case study looked at the experiences of women of color with immigrant parents who transitioned from STEM to non-STEM career goals during college at a large, public research university in the Northeast region of the United States. This research examined the role of family, university supports, peers, and the factors involved in the process of terminating a STEM career goal, exploring a new career goal, and making decisions regarding a new career goal including accompanying academic decisions. Twelve participants were interviewed, ranging from juniors to a recent alum. All participants experienced college as full-time, traditional-aged students ranging in age from 21 to 23 at the time of the interviews. One theory was used to understand the context of the university experience on the career switch experience and another theory specifically focused on career development and decision-making. Participants had varied experiences and interests; however, several themes emerged across interviews that suggest there are common unifying experiences across academic disciplines, career pathways, and identities. Based on the findings, recommendations for improving the experiences of students switching career goals during college are suggested, specifically in service of women of color with immigrant parents who switch from STEM to non-STEM career goals.
Essays on development and the function of financial markets
Creators: name: An, Jiafu
Publisher: name: The University of Edinburgh
Year: 2021
Subjects: Xinfang
financial intermediations
TseTse fly
mobile money
policymakers
communicable diseases
financial markets
trust
gender biased credit

description: This thesis includes three empirical studies on financial development and the function of modern financial markets. The first study investigates the impact of an alternative legal system on financial development in China. Although Xinfang is not part of the judicial system, and therefore is largely ignored by scholars studying the law and finance in China, Xinfang is a formal institution that addresses an array of commercial, contractual, property, and financial disputes and that often handles more cases than the judicial system. I construct the first cross-province, cross-time measures of Xinfang effectiveness and discover that differences in Xinfang are associated with differences in industry and firm financing patterns that are consistent with the law and finance view. The second study examines the impact of the TseTse fly—which is unique to Africa and transmits an epidemic disease harmful to humans and lethal to livestock—on modern financial development in Africa. Exploiting newly georeferenced firm data across the world, I discover that firms in regions that meet the TseTse survival conditions have less access to external finance today and this relationship only exists in Africa. Further tests suggest a causal interpretation of the result. I also find that people are less likely to trust others, to use financial services, and to learn and adopt financial technologies in historically infested regions. In the third study, I assess the impact of biased gender norms on the function of the trade credit markets. In particular, I examine the effects of female production workers on firms’ access to trade credits across the world. Using two sources of plausibly exogenous variations in gender bias and a cross-sectional analysis framework, I document that firms with more female production workers have less access to trade credits in countries with stronger gender beliefs that favor males. This relationship is largely driven by firms in industries with unexpected credit shortages and industries dominated by males. Since female firms rely more on informal finance, this study is relevant for policies that direct female firms towards formal credit markets in high gender-biased places.
FreeDSM and the Gaia4Sustaniability project: a light pollution meter based on IoT technologies
Creators: name: Diez, Mario Casado
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Light pollution is a growing environmental issue that affects astronomy, ecosystems, human health. To address this, we introduce the Free Dark Sky Meter (FreeDSM), an affordable IoT-based photometer designed for continuous light pollution monitoring. FreeDSM uses an ESP32 microcontroller with integrated sensors for light, temperature, and humidity, and operates on an open-source platform. Data from multiple devices are centralized and processed using the Gambons model, which leverages Gaia satellite data for accurate real-time assessments of natural light levels. This project is part of the Gaia4Sustainability initiative.
Additional file 1 of Massive gene presence-absence variation shapes an open pan-genome in the Mediterranean mussel
Creators: name: Gerdol, Marco
name: Moreira, Rebeca
name: Cruz, Fernando
name: Gómez-Garrido, Jessica
name: Vlasova, Anna
name: Rosani, Umberto
name: Venier, Paola
name: Naranjo-Ortiz, Miguel A.
name: Murgarella, Maria
name: Greco, Samuele
name: Balseiro, Pablo
name: Corvelo, André
name: Frias, Leonor
name: Gut, Marta
name: Gabaldón, Toni
name: Pallavicini, Alberto
name: Canchaya, Carlos
name: Novoa, Beatriz
name: Alioto, Tyler S.
name: Posada, David
name: Figueras, Antonio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Manuscript data notes. This file includes additional data notes 1–24, along with all the supplementary figures and most supplementary tables referenced in the main text.
Cooperation and punishment in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis
Creators: name: Beesetty, Yugandhar
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2010

description: We investigated the mechanisms employed by the plants to balance the mutualism with the cooperative and cheating strains in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. In addition to that we also determined the cooperating and cheating natures of two different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal strains (009 & 0165). Theoretically the cheating strains should outcompete the cooperative strains. However in nature both the cooperative and cheating strains are well stabilized. To find out how in nature plants manage to stabilize the symbiosis with both cheating and cooperative arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi we conducted different experiments. Here we analyzed the difference in the amount of carbon transferred by the plant to the fungus in the presence and absence of P in the fungal ERM. The plant transferred more carbon to the fungal partner that can provide more P. We also analyzed the difference in the amount of P transferred to the plant by two different fungi under similar conditions. The cooperative strain transferred more P when there is an increase in the C in the roots whereas there was no difference in the cheating strain. We also analyzed the P pools in the roots colonized by both the strains after treating with different amounts of carbon. With the increase in the carbon for the cooperative strain, there is raise in the amount of orthophosphate pool, short chain polyphosphate pool and DNA/protein pool which suggests that an increased availability of carbon for the fungus results in the increased transport of P from the fungus to the plant. Whereas the cheating strain incorporated most of its P in Long chain and short chain polyphosphates making the P unavailable to the plant.
Operator analysis of physical states on magnetized $T^{2}/Z_{N}$ orbifolds
Creators: name: Abe, Tomo-hiro
name: Fujimoto, Yukihiro
name: Kobayashi, Tatsuo
name: Miura, Takashi
name: Nishiwaki, Kenji
name: Sakamoto, Makoto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss an effective way for analyzing the system on the magnetized twisted orbifolds in operator formalism, especially in the complicated cases $T^{2}/Z_{3}$, $T^{2}/Z_{4}$ and $T^{2}/Z_{6}$. We can obtain the exact and analytical results which can be applicable for any larger values of the quantized magnetic flux M, and show that the (non-diagonalized) kinetic terms are generated via our formalism and the number of the surviving physical states are calculable in a rigorous manner by simply following usual procedures in linear algebra in any case. Our approach is very powerful when we try to examine properties of the physical states on (complicated) magnetized orbifolds $T^{2}/Z_{3}$, $T^{2}/Z_{4}$, $T^{2}/Z_{6}$ (and would be in other cases on higher-dimensional torus) and could be an essential tool for actual realistic model construction based on these geometries.
description: 41 pages, 1 figure
Microscopic diamond Solid-Immersion-Lenses fabricated around single defect ceneters by focussed ion beam milling
Creators: name: Jamali, Mohammad
name: Gerhardt, Ilja
name: Rezai, Mohammad
name: Frenner, Karsten
name: Fedder, Helmut
name: Wrachtrup, Jörg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent efforts to define microscopic solid-immersion-lenses (SIL) by focused ion beam milling into diamond substrates that are registered to a preselected single photon emitter are summarized. We show how we determine the position of a single emitter with at least 100 nm lateral and 500 nm axial accuracy, and how the milling procedure is optimized. The characteristics of a single emitter, a Nitrogen Vacancy (NV) center in diamond, are measured before and after producing the SIL and compared with each other. A count rate of 1.0 million counts per second is achieved with a $[111]$ oriented NV center.
Tenebrio
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Tenebrionidae
Tenebrio

description: 187. Tenebrio Antennae moniliformis articulo ultimo subrotundo Thorax plano-convexus, marginatus. Caput exsercum Elytra rigidiuscula
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae: Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, 1758 - 1759. on pages 416-417, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542
The Statistical Mechanics of Dynamic Pathways to Self-assembly
Creators: name: Whitelam, Stephen
name: Jack, Robert L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe some of the important physical characteristics of the `pathways', i.e. dynamical processes, by which molecular, nanoscale and micron-scale self-assembly occurs. We highlight the fact that there exist features of self-assembly pathways that are common to a wide range of physical systems, even though those systems may be different in respect of their microscopic details. We summarize some existing theoretical descriptions of self-assembly pathways, and highlight areas -- notably, the description of self-assembly pathways that occur `far' from equilibrium -- that are likely to become increasingly important.
description: To appear in Annual Review of Physical Chemistry
Additional file 3 of Massive gene presence-absence variation shapes an open pan-genome in the Mediterranean mussel
Creators: name: Gerdol, Marco
name: Moreira, Rebeca
name: Cruz, Fernando
name: Gómez-Garrido, Jessica
name: Vlasova, Anna
name: Rosani, Umberto
name: Venier, Paola
name: Naranjo-Ortiz, Miguel A.
name: Murgarella, Maria
name: Greco, Samuele
name: Balseiro, Pablo
name: Corvelo, André
name: Frias, Leonor
name: Gut, Marta
name: Gabaldón, Toni
name: Pallavicini, Alberto
name: Canchaya, Carlos
name: Novoa, Beatriz
name: Alioto, Tyler S.
name: Posada, David
name: Figueras, Antonio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3. Review history.
Black, black, beautiful black: the educational use of African American children’s literature in New York City, 1965-1979
Creators: name: Batho, Nick
Publisher: name: The University of Edinburgh
Year: 2021
Subjects: education
children's literature
African American history
community control
Black Power

description: This thesis examines Black pride, Black history and Black memory in a renaissance of Black-authored US children’s books from 1965 to 1979. African American children’s books had a long history of furthering a Black educational philosophy and this project demonstrates how this was reshaped in the era of Black Power. African American authored children’s books became vital weapons in the arsenal of Black liberation during the African American community control movement in New York as parents, educators and activists called for more local control over children’s education and the literature available in schools. African American authors and illustrators visited centres of Black Power educational activism to provide Black children with culturally relevant literary works as they sought to engage children in the wider political issues of being Black in America. Through literary examination of children’s books combined with archival work into the groups, schools and individuals involved, this project uncovers the voices of children by working across historical, literary, social and political methodologies. The intersection between Black children’s books and activism within New York – Black Power and African American community activists – is investigated to reveal the untold story of Black children during this period of educational upheaval and Black Power and centre them within the wider story. It was not just the content of African American children’s books but how they were used in education. A case study of New York City helps to underscore how African American children’s literature helped bring different groups together in the name of a Black educational philosophy. From storytelling sessions on the streets of New York City to teacher training sessions at Columbia University, African American children’s books became a crucial vehicle in promoting a Black educational philosophy and brought authors, educators, children, and parents together. Through children’s literature, children and authors brought topics such as ‘Black is Beautiful’, the power of communities and Black Power into mainstream education.
Enhanced Threshold Effects of Drivers Promote Future Wildfire Changes at Mid–High Northern Latitudes
Creators: name: Zhao, Hang
name: Zhang, Zhengxiang
name: Wang, Xin
name: Zhen, Shuo
name: Zhang, Hongyan
name: Bu, Zhao-Jun
name: Zhao, Jianjun
name: Guo, Xiaoyi
name: We, Kejiang
name: Dong, Long
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 410205
subject: Fire ecology

description: This is the raw data, code, and graphs of the manuscript "Enhanced Threshold Effects of Drivers Promote Future Wildfire Changes at Mid–High Northern Latitudes".
Natural antimicrobials for a post-COVID era
Creators: name: Skubel, Sarah
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2022

description: Natural products have long served as a resource for novel pharmaceutical drugs supporting human health. Climate change and habitat destruction threatens drug discovery as natural habitats are compromised and botanical species become endangered. The original objective of this dissertation addressed the need for preserving plant metabolites and streamlining drug discovery, however this dissertation was impacted, and inspired by, the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to this, the work discussed here is transdisciplinary and has evolved over the years accumulating it, beginning with its original premise of drug discovery, and concluding with the foundations of a potential antimcirobial product.To promote the preservation of endangered biodiversity due to climate change and habitat destruction, Chapter 2 details the development of Rapid Metabolome Extraction and Storage (RAMES) technology, and how this method translates into Screens-to-Nature (STN) assays. RAMES extracts 2 grams of plant tissue in 70% ethanol and dries it onto glass fiber discs. These discs are later stored in a -20ºC freezer and can be transported in an envelope to anywhere around the world. These discs are compatible with STN assays, highly portable assays that efficiently determine the active properties of botanicals, such as antimicorbial or antioxidant activity. This method was validated and put into action in chapter three.Chapter three investigated metabolomic differences in native plants compared to their invaded areas. We hypothesized that if a species were displaced and invaded a foreign environment, its metabolomic profile would differ from its native counterpart, while still retaining its original, species-specific, metabolomic signature. Botanical species were collected, via RAMES technology, in their native populations in the USA and their invaded areas in South Africa. Extracts were later characterized via ultra-performance liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS). Our findings supported the above hypothesis and we concluded that metabolomic analysis can differentiate species from one another, as well as among global populations.Chapter four was inspired by the COVID-19 pandemic and addresses the need for new antimicrobial products. We hypothesized that combinations of ethanolic plant extracts, containing anti-microbial compounds with differing modes of action, will display synergistic effects against bacteria. Qualitative screening was done using STN assays and nine botanicals were chosen for quantitative analysis using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) broth microdillution methods. Four botanicals moved onto synergy testing via checkerboard assays and calculation of fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index values. A final total of five synergistic pairs were identified. Our hypothesis was supported as all botanical synergies were compromised of differing bioactives. The impact of this research will be more sustainable, naturally based, antibiotic alternatives to overused single compound antibiotic drugs.
Using quantum dynamics simulations to model electron transfer reactions
Creators: name: JEET PARIKH
name: Tsakanikas, Joachim
name: Avin Seneviratne
name: Wang, Fei
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2023

description: Quantum dynamics simulations are a powerful tool for investigating the charge and exciton transfer processes in chemical solutions, functional materials, and biological molecules. These simulations are based on the time-dependent Schrödinger equation, which provides a mathematical description of the behavior of electrons and nuclei in these systems. In this project, the specific Hamiltonian for the electron transfer reaction in molecules is constructed. This Hamiltonian is then used to solve the Schrödinger equation using both analytical and numerical methods. The numerical calculation is carried out using Python code, which employs a forward Euler method approximation algorithm to solve differential equations. The results of the simulations are then compared to the analytical results, and the convergence of the numerical results is tested in order to gain insights into the underlying mechanisms of the electron transfer reaction. The results of this project demonstrate the integration of theory, numerical methods, and computer algorithms to solve complex chemistry problems. This approach can be used to study a wide range of phenomena in chemistry and materials science, and it has the potential to lead to the development of new materials and technologies.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 5 (2023)
Reconstruction of total and spectral solar irradiance from 1974 to 2013 based on KPVT, SoHO/MDI and SDO/HMI observations
Creators: name: Yeo, K. L.
name: Krivova, N. A.
name: Solanki, S. K.
name: Glassmeier, K. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Total and spectral solar irradiance are key parameters in the assessment of solar influence on changes in the Earth's climate. We present a reconstruction of daily solar irradiance obtained using the SATIRE-S model spanning 1974 to 2013 based on full-disc observations from the KPVT, SoHO/MDI and SDO/HMI. SATIRE-S ascribes variation in solar irradiance on timescales greater than a day to photospheric magnetism. The solar spectrum is reconstructed from the apparent surface coverage of bright magnetic features and sunspots in the daily data using the modelled intensity spectra of these magnetic structures. We cross-calibrated the various data sets, harmonizing the model input so as to yield a single consistent time series as the output. The model replicates 92% of the variability in the PMOD TSI composite including the secular decline between the 1996 and 2008 solar cycle minima. The model also reproduces most of the variability in observed Lyman-alpha irradiance and the Mg II index. The UV solar irradiance measurements from the UARS and SORCE missions are mutually consistent up to about 180 nm before they start to exhibit discrepant rotational and cyclical variability, indicative of unresolved instrumental effects. As a result, the agreement between model and measurement starts to deteriorate above this wavelength. As with earlier similar investigations, the reconstruction cannot reproduce the overall trends in SORCE/SIM SSI. We argue, from the lack of clear solar cycle modulation in the SIM record and the inconsistency between the total flux recorded by the instrument and TSI, that unaccounted instrumental trends are present. The reconstruction is consistent with observations from multiple sources, demonstrating its validity. It also provides further evidence that photospheric magnetism is the prime driver of variation in solar irradiance on timescales greater than a day.