cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Finite-Range Gravity and Its Role in Gravitational Waves, Black Holes and Cosmology
Creators: name: Babak, Stanislav V.
name: Grishchuk, L. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Theoretical considerations of fundamental physics, as well as certain cosmological observations, persistently point out to permissibility, and maybe necessity, of macroscopic modifications of the Einstein general relativity. The field-theoretical formulation of general relativity helped us to identify the phenomenological seeds of such modifications. They take place in the form of very specific mass-terms, which appear in addition to the field-theoretical analog of the usual Hilbert-Einstein Lagrangian. We interpret the added terms as masses of the spin-2 and spin-0 gravitons. The arising finite-range gravity is a fully consistent theory, which smoothly approaches general relativity in the massless limit, that is, when both masses tend to zero and the range of gravity tends to infinity. We show that all local weak-field predictions of the theory are in perfect agreement with the available experimental data. However, some other conclusions of the non-linear massive theory are in a striking contrast with those of general relativity. We show in detail how the arbitrarily small mass-terms eliminate the black hole event horizon and replace a permanent power-law expansion of a homogeneous isotropic universe with an oscillatory behaviour. One variant of the theory allows the cosmological scale factor to exhibit an `accelerated expansion'instead of slowing down to a regular maximum of expansion. We show in detail why the traditional, Fierz-Pauli, massive gravity is in conflict not only with the static-field experiments but also with the available indirect gravitational-wave observations. At the same time, we demonstrate the incorrectness of the widely held belief that the non-Fierz-Pauli theories possess `negative energies' and `instabilities'.
description: 56 pages including 11 figures; significant modifications; in particular, we demonstrate the incorrectness of the widely held belief that the non-Fierz-Pauli theories should suffer from negative energies and instabilities; to appear in Int. J. Mod. Phys. D
Mithrax verrucosus H. Milne Edwards 1832
Creators: name: Coelho, Petrônio Alves
name: Almeida, Alexandre Oliveira De
name: Bezerra, Luis Ernesto Arruda
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Mithracidae
Mithrax
Mithrax verrucosus

description: Mithrax verrucosus H. Milne Edwards, 1832
 Western Atlantic: South Carolina to Florida, Gulf of Mexico, West Indies to Brazil (São Paulo) (Melo 1996; Alves et al. 2006).
Occurrence in northern and northeastern Brazil: RA: Coelho (1971a); FN: Pocock (1890).
description: Published as part of Coelho, Petrônio Alves, Almeida, Alexandre Oliveira De & Bezerra, Luis Ernesto Arruda, 2008, Checklist of the marine and estuarine Brachyura (Crustacea: Decapoda) of northern and northeastern Brazil, pp. 1-58 in Zootaxa 1956 (1) on page 23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1956.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5241063
Prompt Quark Production by exploding Sphalerons
Creators: name: Shuryak, Edward
name: Zahed, Ismail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Following recent works on production and subsequent explosive decay of QCD sphaleron-like clusters, we discuss the mechanism of quark pair production in this process. We first show how the gauge field explosive solution of Luscher and Schechter can be achieved by non-central conformal mapping from the O(4)-symmetric solution. Our main result is a new solution to the Dirac equation in real time in this configuration, obtained by the same inversion of the fermion O(4) zero mode. It explicitly shows how the quark acceleration occurs, starting from the spherically O(3) symmetric zero energy chiral quark state to the final spectrum of non-zero energies. The sphaleron-like clusters with any Chern-Simons number always produce ${\rm N_F} {\bar {\bf L}}{\bf R}$ quarks, and the antisphaleron-like clusters the chirality opposite. The result are relevant for hadron-hadron and nucleus-nucleus collisions at large $\sqrt{s}$, wherein such clusters can be produced.
L'Avenir de la Forêt
Creators: name: Roth, Selina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Le changement climatique affecte aujourd’hui les forêts de façon complexe et parfois imprévisible. La sécheresse influencera nos forêts de manière toujours plus importante l’avenir. Pour ma parcelle près de Renan (BE), les scénarios ont démontréque la quantité de certaines essences baissera alors que d’autres augmenteront. Il est également possible que de nouvelles essences apparaissent. Mes propres observations démontrent une influence qui reste plutôt mineure pour le moment. Mais le péril reste présent et certaines essences comme l’épicéa pourraient potentiellement se retirer dans de plus hautes altitudes, où le climat sera plus adapté à l’avenir.
 Comme mon Travail de Maturité se basent principalement sur des pronostics ainsi que des observations actuelles, je ne peux prouver mes suggestions. Ainsi, il n’est pas possible de déterminer réellement l’avenir de la forêt. Mais ce travail m’a permis de devenir plus consciente du danger que peut représenter le changement climatique pour les forêts suisses à l’avenir. La conscience joue un rôle très important aujourd’hui, il permet de devenir plus sensible et nous pousse agir.
 J’ai également eu la chance exceptionnelle, durant ce travail, de faire connaissance avec des professionnels de la forêt. Leur partage inoubliable m’a fait prendre conscience que le monde forestier n’est pas seulement un écosystème part, il fait partie de notre monde.
Lattice QCD calculation of the pion charge radius using a model-independent method
Creators: name: Feng, Xu
name: Fu, Yang
name: Jin, Lu-Chang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a method to calculate the hadron's charge radius without model-dependent momentum extrapolations. The method does not require the additional quark propagator inversions on the twisted boundary conditions or the computation of the momentum derivatives of quark propagators and thus is easy to implement. We apply this method to the calculation of pion charge radius $\langle r_π^2\rangle$. For comparison, we also determine $\langle r_π^2\rangle$ with the traditional approach of computing the slope of the form factors. The new method produces results consistent with those from the traditional method and with statistical errors 1.5-1.9 times smaller. For the four gauge ensembles at the physical pion masses, the statistical errors of $\langle r_π^2\rangle$ range from 2.1% to 4.6% by using $\lesssim50$ configurations. For the ensemble at $m_π\approx 340$ MeV, the statistical uncertainty is even reduced to a sub-percent level.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures; v2, reference updated, we thank C. C. Chang for the useful information; v3, accepted for publication as PRD Rapid Communication
Reverse Engineering Gene Networks using Global-local Shrinkage Rules Supplementary Material from Reverse engineering gene networks using global-local shrinkage rules
Creators: name: Viral Panchal
name: Linder, Daniel F.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 60114 Systems Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology
subject: 10202 Biological Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Inferring gene regulatory networks from high-throughput ‘omics’ data has proven to be a computationally demanding task of critical importance. Frequently, the classical methods break down due to the curse of dimensionality, and popular strategies to overcome this are typically based on regularized versions of the classical methods. However, these approaches rely on loss functions that may not be robust and usually do not allow for the incorporation of prior information in a straightforward way. Fully Bayesian methods are equipped to handle both of these shortcomings quite naturally, and they offer the potential for improvements in network structure learning. We propose a Bayesian hierarchical model to reconstruct gene regulatory networks from time-series gene expression data, such as those common in perturbation experiments of biological systems. The proposed methodology uses global-local shrinkage priors for posterior selection of regulatory edges and relaxes the common normal likelihood assumption in order to allow for heavy-tailed data, which was shown in several of the cited references to severely impact network inference. We provide a sufficient condition for posterior propriety and derive an efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo via Gibbs sampling in the appendix. We describe a novel way to detect multiple scales based on the corresponding posterior quantities. Finally, we demonstrate the performance of our approach in a simulation study and compare it with existing methods on real data from a T-cell activation study.
Supplementary material from Multiscale modelling of drug transport and metabolism in liver spheroids
Creators: name: Leedale, Joseph A.
name: Kyffin, Jonathan A.
name: Harding, Amy L.
name: Colley, Helen E.
name: Murdoch, Craig
name: Sharma, Parveen
name: Williams, Dominic P.
name: Webb, Steven D.
name: Bearon, Rachel N.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 60114 Systems Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology
subject: 10202 Biological Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Mathematical modelling details for microscale transport; parameterisation of passive diffusion; and translating the multiscale model to a simple continuum model.
title: Acceleration of data compression for the phylogenetic likelihood function using FPGA technology
title: Επιτάχυνση συμπίεσης δεδομένων για τη φυλογενετική συνάρτηση πιθανοφάνειας με χρήση τεχνολογίας FPGA
Creators: name: Κουτρουλακης Ευστρατιος
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2021

description: Η ανάγκη του ανθρώπου να απαντήσει σε ερωτήματα για το πως κληρονομούνται τα διάφορα χαρακτηριστικά στους οργανισμούς, με ποιο τρόπο δημιουργείται η ποικιλομορφία που υπάρχει στη φύση, να ταξινομήσει τα διάφορα είδη με βάση κάποια κοινά χαρακτηριστικά κ.α. οδήγησαν στην ανάπτυξη του κλάδου της βιολογίας που ασχολείται με την εξέλιξη και τους μηχανισμούς της. Η μελέτη των μοριακών δεδομένων οδήγησε στην πιθανοτική εξέταση της εξέλιξης τους στο χρόνο όπως η μετάλλαξη κάποιας αλληλουχίαςDNAσε κάποια άλλη. Με αυτό το τρόπο παράγουμε υποθέσεις για τη πορεία της εξέλιξης των διαφορετικών οργανισμών με συγκεκριμένη πιθανότητα. Τα τελευταία χρόνια η εξέλιξη βιολογικών εργαστηριακών μεθόδων έχει οδηγήσει σε ραγδαία αύξηση των δεδομένων από μοριακές ακολουθίες. Το γεγονός αυτό αυξάνει τα διαθέσιμα δεδομένα που μπορούμε να επεξεργαστούμε για να βγάλουμε χρήσιμα συμπεράσματα. Ταυτόχρονα με τις δυνατότητες που ανοίγει η όλο και μεγαλύτερη συσσώρευση μοριακών δεδομένων δημιουργεί και μεγαλύτερες απαιτήσεις μνήμης για την επεξεργασία τους.
Η εργασία εστιάζει στο πρόβλημα του μεγαλύτερου ρυθμού συσσώρευσης μοριακών δεδομένων προς επεξεργασία σε σχέση με το ρυθμό αύξησης της διαθέσιμης ποσότητας μνήμης. Μελετά τον υπολογισμό της συνάρτησης φυλογενετικής πιθανοφάνειας(Phylogenetic Likelihood Function-PLF),η οποία βασίζεται στο κριτήριο της μέγιστης πιθανοφάνειας. Με σκοπό τη μείωση των απαιτήσεων μνήμης σχεδιάζει κατάλληλο λογισμικό το οποίο διαχειρίζεται τους επανυπολογισμούς δεδομένων που απαιτούνται λόγω της αποθήκευσης ενός μόνο μέρους των δεδομένων στη μνήμη. Ακόμα σχεδιάζεται κατάλληλος επιταχυντής για την εκτέλεση των υπολογισμών μιας κλήσης της συνάρτησηςPLF. Για την υλοποίηση του επιταχυντή χρησιμοποιείται σαν αλγόριθμος αναφοράς ο αλγόριθμος που υλοποιείτο πρόγραμμα φυλογενετικών αναλύσεωνRAxMLενώ υλοποιείται και ένας επιπλέον επιταχυντής με δενδρική δομή βάθους μεγαλύτερη του ενός με σκοπό τη συμπίεση των δεδομένων που αποθηκεύονται στη μνήμη. Οι επιταχυντές είναι υλοποιημένοι σε αναδιατασσόμενη λογική(Field Programmable GateArray-FPGA).
Stenorhynchus seticornis
Creators: name: Coelho, Petrônio Alves
name: Almeida, Alexandre Oliveira De
name: Bezerra, Luis Ernesto Arruda
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Anthribidae
Stenorhynchus
Stenorhynchus seticornis

description: Stenorhynchus seticornis (Herbst, 1788)
Western Atlantic: North Carolina to Florida, Gulf of Mexico, West Indies, northern South America to Argentina (Melo 1996).
 Occurrence in northern and northeastern Brazil: SNC: Coelho Filho (2006); AP, PI, CE, RN: Coelho (1969); PA: Bullis Jr. & Thompson (1965); MA: Rathbun (1894), as Leptopodia sagittaria (Fabricius, 1793); PB: Coelho (1971a); PE: Fausto Filho (1966); AL: Miers (1886), as L. sagittaria; SE: Coelho & Ramos (1972); BA: A. Milne-Edwards (1878), as L. sagittaria.
description: Published as part of Coelho, Petrônio Alves, Almeida, Alexandre Oliveira De & Bezerra, Luis Ernesto Arruda, 2008, Checklist of the marine and estuarine Brachyura (Crustacea: Decapoda) of northern and northeastern Brazil, pp. 1-58 in Zootaxa 1956 (1) on page 19, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1956.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5241063
Dynamic Response of Adhesion Complexes: Beyond the Single-Path Picture
Creators: name: Bartolo, Denis
name: Derenyi, Imre
name: Ajdari, Armand
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the response of molecular adhesion complexes to increasing pulling forces (dynamic force spectroscopy) when dissociation can occur along either one of two alternative trajectories in the underlying multidimensional energy landscape. A great diversity of behaviors (e.g. non-monotonicity) is found for the unbinding force and time as a function of the rate at which the pulling force is increased. We highlight an intrinsic difficulty in unambiguously determining the features of the energy landscape from single-molecule pulling experiments. We also suggest a class of ``harpoon'' stickers that bind easily but resist strong pulling efficiently.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures
Inverted Ladder Type Optical Excitation of Potassium Rydberg States with Hot and Cold Ensembles
Creators: name: Chen, Tzu-Ling
name: Chang, Shao-Yu
name: Huang, Yi-Jan
name: Shukla, Khemendra
name: Huang, Yao-Chin
name: Suen, Te-Hwei
name: Kuan, Tzu-Yung
name: Shy, Jow-Tsong
name: Liu, Yi-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present experimental results on the sub-Doppler Rydberg spectroscopy of potassium in a hot cell and cold atoms, performed with two counter-propagating laser beams of 405 nm and 980 nm in the inverted ladder-type system (4S1/2-5P3/2-nS1/2 and nD3/2;5/2). Such an inverted ladder-type scheme is predicted to be without sub-Doppler electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) feature in a thermal ensemble under the weak-probe approximation. Instead, we utilized a strong probe field and successfully observed a transparency window with a width narrower than 50~MHz. Our all-order numerical simulation is in satisfactory agreement with the experimental results. This narrow linewidth allows us to measure the energy levels of the Rydberg levels from $n$=20-70 with improved accuracy. The deduced ionization energy agrees with the previous measurements. Furthermore, the two-photon Rydberg excitation scheme was applied to the cold ensembles to study the ground-state atoms population decrease in the MOT for various Rydberg states. Our experimental observations suggested two distinct regimes of the trap losses under different probe detuning conditions. While the far off-resonance case (δp>>0) can be described by the picture of dressed atom, the on-resonance case (δp~0) reveals more interesting results. The higher Rydberg states suffer larger trap loss. Besides, even with similar level energies, the excitation to nD states result in faster escape of the ground-state atom from trap than nearby nS states.
MOESM1 of Familial autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy: identification of a novel variant in BEST1 gene and the specific metabolomic profile
Creators: name: Ye, Panpan
name: Xu, Jia
name: Luo, Yueqiu
name: Su, Zhitao
name: Yao, Ke
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. The list of 256 known retinal disease genes.
Thoe aspera Rathbun 1901
Creators: name: Coelho, Petrônio Alves
name: Almeida, Alexandre Oliveira De
name: Bezerra, Luis Ernesto Arruda
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Ctenophora
Tentaculata
Cydippida
Mithracidae
Thoe
Thoe aspera

description: Thoe aspera Rathbun, 1901
Western Atlantic: Puerto Rico to Brazil (Pernambuco and Alagoas) (Melo 1996).
Occurrence in northern and northeastern Brazil: PE: Coelho (1971a); AL: Fausto Filho (1975).
 Subfamily Planoterginae Štev č i ć, 1994
description: Published as part of Coelho, Petrônio Alves, Almeida, Alexandre Oliveira De & Bezerra, Luis Ernesto Arruda, 2008, Checklist of the marine and estuarine Brachyura (Crustacea: Decapoda) of northern and northeastern Brazil, pp. 1-58 in Zootaxa 1956 (1) on page 24, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1956.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5241063
Exploring the contribution of large- scale climate indices to monthly precipitation forecasting in the Yangtze River Basin using a layer-wise relevance propagation method.zip
Creators: name: cui, zhichao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 370702
subject: Ecohydrology

description: Long short-term memory (LSTM) networks have attracted significant global interest for their applications in precipitation forecasting. However, their opaque internal operations pose challenges in interpreting prediction results and understanding the contributions of input variables. This study applied the layer-wise relevance propagation (LRP) method to enhance the interpretability of LSTM models, offering insights into the contributions of 11 climate indices with 1-6 month lag times to precipitation forecasting in the Yangtze River Basin from 1961-2020. The results demonstrated that the Bay of Bengal (BB) exhibited the highest correlation contribution in the Upper Yangtze River Basin (U-YRB) and in the Middle and Lower Yangtze River Basin (ML-YRB) , while other climate indices, such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), and ENSO-related indices, showed a more significant impact in the ML-YRB. Additionally, the analysis of contributions from different lagged months showed that the correlation scores were lowest in the U-YRB at a five-month lag and highest in the ML-YRB at a four-month lag, revealing different regional responses to climate lag effects. The study also revealed that retraining the LSTM model using a subset of inputs with high relevance scores yielded predictive capabilities comparable to those of the original LSTM model with all inputs. Overall, this study enhanced LSTM prediction models by employing the LRP method to determine the opaque workings of artificial intelligence systems.
Disparity of serum uric acid threshold for CKD among hypertensive and non-hypertensive individuals
Creators: name: Zhu, Bowen
name: Li, Fang
name: Zhang, Weidong
name: Zhao, Shuan
name: Song, Nana
name: Jin, Shi
name: Shen, Ziyan
name: Lu, Yufei
name: Li, Yang
name: Liu, Hong
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Hypertension and rising serum uric acid (sUA) played a pivotal role in the development of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). This study investigates the interactive effect of sUA and hypertension on CKD and identifies the optimal threshold of sUA among individuals with and without hypertension in the Chinese community population. The study included 4180 individuals aged 45–85 years, derived from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) between 2011 and 2015. Additionally, a hospital-based study enrolled subjects in the Department of Nephrology at Zhongshan Hospital, China from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2021. The interaction effect analysis were used to assess the impact of sUA and hypertension on CKD. We also compared the distribution of sUA and the CKD risk in community populations, distinguishing between those with and without hypertension. For the hospital-based population, kidney injury was marked by a KIM-1 positive area. Our results indicate a higher prevalence of CKD in the community population with hypertension (10.2% vs. 3.9%, p < .001). A significant additive synergistic effects of the sUA and hypertension on the CKD risk were found. When the sUA level was < 4.55 mg/dL in the hypertensive population and < 5.58 mg/dL in the non-hypertensive population, the risk of CKD was comparable (p = .809). In the propensity score matched (PSM) population, the result remained roughly constant. Therefore, even moderate levels of sUA was associated with a higher risk of CKD in middle-aged hypertensive patients, who warrant stricter sUA control.
Stability Analysis of Reservoir Computers Dynamics via Lyapunov Functions
Creators: name: Shirin, Afroza
name: Klickstein, Isaac S.
name: Sorrentino, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A Lyapunov design method is used to analyze the nonlinear stability of a generic reservoir computer for both the cases of continuous-time and discrete-time dynamics. Using this method, for a given nonlinear reservoir computer, a radial region of stability around a fixed point is analytically determined. We see that the training error of the reservoir computer is lower in the region where the analysis predicts global stability but is also affected by the particular choice of the individual dynamics for the reservoir systems. For the case that the dynamics is polynomial, it appears to be important for the polynomial to have nonzero coefficients corresponding to at least one odd power (e.g., linear term) and one even power (e.g., quadratic term).
Introduction to Cosmic Rays
Creators: name: Biermann, Peter
name: Sigl, Guenter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Energetic particles, traditionally called Cosmic Rays, were discovered nearly a hundred years ago, and their origin is still uncertain. Their main constituents are the normal nuclei as in the standard cosmic abundances of matter, with some enhancements for the heavier elements; there are also electrons, positrons and anti-protons, but no anti-nuclei. Today we also have information on isotopic abundances, which show some anomalies, as compared with the interstellar medium. The known spectrum extends over energies from a few hundred MeV to 3*10^{20} eV and shows few clear spectral signatures: There is a small spectral break near 5*10^{15} eV, the "knee", where the spectrum turns down; there is another spectral break near 3*10^{18} eV, the "ankle", where the spectrum turns up again. Up to the ankle the cosmic rays are usually interpreted as originating from Galactic supernova explosions; however, we do not know what the origin of the knee is. The particles beyond the ankle have to be extragalactic, it is usually assumed, because the Larmor radii in the Galactic magnetic field are too large; this argument could be overcome if those particles were very heavy nuclei as Fe, an idea which appears to be inconsistent, however, with the airshower data immediately above the energy of the ankle. Due to interaction with the cosmic microwave background there is a strong cut-off expected near 5*10^{19} eV, which is, however, not seen; The high energy cosmic rays beyond this "GZK-cutoff" (after its discoverers Greisen, Zatsepin and Kuzmin) are the challenge to interpret. We will describe the various approaches to understand the origin and physics of cosmic rays (abridged).
description: 26 latex pages, 2 postscript figures included; introductory chapter to "Physics and Astrophysics of Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays", Lecture Notes in Physics vol. 576 (eds.: M.Lemoine, G.Sigl), based on UHECR2000 (Meudon, June 26-29, 2000), see http://link.springer.de/link/service/series/2669/tocs/t1576.htm
Insights into the physics when modeling cold gas clouds in a hot plasma
Creators: name: Sander, Bastian
name: Hensler, Gerhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper aims at studying the reliability of a few frequently raised but not proven arguments for the modeling of cold gas clouds embedded in or moving through a hot plasma and at sensitizing modelers to a more careful consideration of unavoidable acting physical processes and their relevance. At first, by numerical simulations we demonstrate the growing effect of self-gravity on interstellar clouds and, by this, moreover argue against their initial setup as homogeneous. We apply the adaptive-mesh refinement code {\sc Flash} with extensions to metal-dependent radiative cooling and external heating of the gas, self-gravity, mass diffusion, and semi-analytic dissociation of molecules and ionization of atoms. We show that the criterion of Jeans mass or Bonnor-Ebert mass, respectively, provides only a sufficient but not a necessary condition for self-gravity to be effective, because even low-mass clouds are affected on reasonable dynamical timescales. The second part of this paper is dedicated to analytically study the reduction of heat conduction by a magnetic dipole field.We demonstrate that in this configuration, the effective heat flow, i.e. integrated over the cloud surface, is suppressed by only $32$ per cent by magnetic fields in energy equipartition and still insignificantly for even higher field strengths.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted by MNRAS
Mooses, Topology and Higgs
Creators: name: Gregoire, Thomas
name: Wacker, Jay G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New theories of electroweak symmetry breaking have recently been constructed that stabilize the weak scale and do not rely upon supersymmetry. In these theories the Higgs boson is a weakly coupled pseudo-Goldstone boson. In this note we study the class of theories that can be described by theory spaces and show that the fundamental group of theory space describes all the relevant classical physics in the low energy theory. The relationship between the low energy physics and the topological properties of theory space allow a systematic method for constructing theory spaces that give any desired low energy particle content and potential. This provides us with tools for analyzing and constructing new theories of electroweak symmetry breaking.
description: 16 pages, 11 figures
The Economic Significance of Pollution Control and Worker Safety Costs for World Copper Trade
Creators: name: Chapman, Duane
name: Chapman, Duane
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1987
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Financial Economics

description: What is the best relationship between strict environmental regulation in the industrialized countries and higher levels of global pollution? According to economic theory, the answer will depend upom cost parameters, and particularily upom the degree of responsiveness of production costs as they increase with control requirements. If, for example, an additional 10% increase in pollution control in a developed country causes a 20% increase in pollution control costs, then there will be an increase in global pollution if the developed country raises its standard. The process involves increasing the levels of uncontrolled production in developing countries, and increased export of copper and copper-intensive products to developed countries. In the paper, theoretical disscussion is complemented by a comparison of sulfur emission control, water pollution control, and worker safety practices at three pit mines and three smelters in Mexico and the United States. At the most advanced levels, environmental protection and worker safety practices cost $.15 per pound of product copper. This situation creates severe difficulties for controlling global pollution levels, and for international competition in copper trade. The paper concludes with a review of national and international responses to the problem.
ScribeMD: Mixed-methods analysis of a pen pal program in undergraduate medical education
Creators: name: G. Kneese
name: S. Barrera
name: J. Castillo
name: M. Garcia
name: A. Ryden
name: A. White
name: J. Vargas
name: J. Morrow
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Introduction: A growing emphasis on humanistic medical care has led to the development of programs to imbue more humanistic values into training physicians. The ScribeMD intra-class pen pal program is a narrative medicine tool designed to meet this need with a focus on the journey through medical education. This study intends to evaluate the efficacy of this novel program on the participants’ professional identity formation (PIF), emotional intelligence development (EID), and narrative competency improvement (NCI). Methods: This program evaluation involved quantitative and qualitative survey solicitations from first and second-year medical student participants and controls. An efficacy-triangulation model was developed as a quantitative outcome-measuring tool linking objective, writing prompts, and survey data. Results: The quantitative results showed statistically significant improvements in line with the Efficacy Triangulation Model in the participant group. Qualitatively, reflective and insight-driven gains were elicited, as were notable themes of personal and community improvements. Conclusion:ScribeMD poses a unique avenue for the development of more humanistic physicians during their medical education. We recommend additional development of the Efficacy Triangulation Model as well as the program design itself. We also recommend the piloting of this program in other healthcare-education settings both with medical education and other health professions.
Hemus cristulipes A. Milne-Edwards 1875
Creators: name: Coelho, Petrônio Alves
name: Almeida, Alexandre Oliveira De
name: Bezerra, Luis Ernesto Arruda
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Mithracidae
Hemus
Hemus cristulipes

description: Hemus cristulipes A. Milne-Edwards, 1875
Western Atlantic: North Carolina to Florida, Gulf of Mexico, West Indies to Brazil (Rio de Janeiro) (Melo 1996).
 Occurrence in northern and northeastern Brazil: SNC, FN: Coelho (1971a); SFN: Coelho Filho (2006); MA, CE, PE: Coelho (1969); RN: Barreto et al. (1993a).
description: Published as part of Coelho, Petrônio Alves, Almeida, Alexandre Oliveira De & Bezerra, Luis Ernesto Arruda, 2008, Checklist of the marine and estuarine Brachyura (Crustacea: Decapoda) of northern and northeastern Brazil, pp. 1-58 in Zootaxa 1956 (1) on page 24, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1956.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5241063
Light-front wave functions of mesons, baryons and pentaquarks, with topology-induced local 4-quark interaction
Creators: name: Shuryak, Edward
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate light-front wave functions of mesons, baryons and pentaquarks in a model including constituent mass (representing chiral symmetry breaking), harmonic confining potential, and 4-quark local interaction of 't Hooft type. The model is a simplified version of that used by Jia and Vary. The method used is numerical diagonalization of the Hamiltonian matrix, with certain functional basis. We found that the nucleon wave function displays strong diquar correlations, unlike that for Delta (decuplet) baryon. We also calculate 3-quark-5-quark admixture to baryons, and the resulting antiquark sea PDF.
description: v2 has two new figs, and discusses the issue of whether motion inside nucleon resonances can be chaotic
Inverse see-saw neutrino masses in the Littlest Higgs model with T-parity
Creators: name: del Aguila, Francisco
name: Illana, José Ignacio
name: Perez-Poyatos, José María
name: Santiago, José
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the inverse see-saw is the most natural way of implementing neutrino masses in the Littlest Higgs model with T-parity. The three extra quasi-Dirac neutrinos are needed to cancel the quadratically divergent contributions of the mirror leptons to the Higgs mass. If the T-parity of the heavy neutrino singlets is chosen to be even, their contributions to lepton flavor violating transitions are one-loop finite. The most stringent limits on this scenario result from the non-observation of these transitions. Constraints on neutrino mixing imply an upper bound on the mass of the T-odd mirror leptons at the reach of the LHC and/or future colliders.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures, references added
Public Health Effects of Natural Resource Degradation: Evidence from Indonesia
Creators: name: Garg, Teevrat
name: Garg, Teevrat
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: International Development
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Public Economics
subject: Deforestation
subject: Malaria
subject: Public Health

description: Despite growing concern about the effect of environmental degradation on human health, little effort has been made to quantify the effect of ecosystem damage on public health indicators such as the incidence and burden of infectious diseases. Using village-level panel data and satellite data on forest cover, I find that the average within-sample deforestation results in a 2-4.5\% increase in the probability of malarial outbreak in each village in that district, translating to 360,000 - 880,000 additional infected individuals during the course of this study. The evidence is consistent with an ecological response and the effect of deforestation on malaria cannot be explained by post-deforestation land use change, anti-malarial programs or migration. The effect is specific to malaria, with deforestation having no discernible effect on other diseases (measles, respiratory infections, dengue and diarrhea) whose disease ecology differs from that of malaria. These large effects underscore that forest conservation can have local health benefits in addition to global carbon benefits.
description: Paper being revised October 2015. Contact the author with inquiries.
Canonical quantization of general relativity: the last 18 years in a nutshell
Creators: name: Pullin, Jorge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is a summary of the lectures presented at the Xth Brazilian school on cosmology and gravitation. The style of the text is that of a lightly written descriptive summary of ideas with almost no formulas, with pointers to the literature. We hope this style can encourage new people to take a look into these results. We discuss the variables that Ashtekar introduced 18 years ago that gave rise to new momentum in this field, the loop representation, spin networks, measures in the space of connections modulo gauge transformations, the Hamiltonian constraint, application to cosmology and the connection with potentially observable effects in gamma-ray bursts and conclude with a discussion of consistent discretizations of general relativity on the lattice.
description: 13 pages, RevTeX, one figures, to appear in Proceedings of the Xth Brazilian School on Cosmology and Gravitation, Mario Novello, editor
Palicus acutifrons
Creators: name: Coelho, Petrônio Alves
name: Almeida, Alexandre Oliveira De
name: Bezerra, Luis Ernesto Arruda
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Palicidae
Palicus
Palicus acutifrons

description: Palicus acutifrons (A. Milne-Edwards, 1880)
Western Atlantic: Brazil (Bahia and Espírito Santo) (Melo 1996).
 Occurrence in northern and northeastern Brazil: BA: A. Milne-Edwards (1880a), as Cymopolia acutifrons.
description: Published as part of Coelho, Petrônio Alves, Almeida, Alexandre Oliveira De & Bezerra, Luis Ernesto Arruda, 2008, Checklist of the marine and estuarine Brachyura (Crustacea: Decapoda) of northern and northeastern Brazil, pp. 1-58 in Zootaxa 1956 (1) on page 25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1956.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5241063
Accounting for private benefits in ecological restoration planning
Creators: name: Polyakov, Maksym
name: Pannell, David J.
name: Polyakov, Maksym
name: Pannell, David J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: ecological restoration
subject: biodiversity
subject: private benefits
subject: opportunity cost
subject: spatial optimization

description: Opportunity cost constitutes a substantial component of the costs of ecological restoration projects undertaken in agricultural landscapes. Private benefits generated by restored environmental assets are also important in determining the success of restoration projects. In this study, we compare the implications of using different assumptions about private benefits and opportunity cost for the optimal spatial pattern of ecological restoration of a cleared agricultural landscape in north-central Victoria, Australia. We employ a spatially explicit bio-economic model that optimizes ecological restoration through revegetation of a cleared landscape. We compare implications of using different assumptions about opportunity cost: (a) fixed marginal opportunity costs based on property value, and (b) variable marginal opportunity costs that take into account land value and private benefits generated by environmental assets on the property. Using variable marginal opportunity costs that account for private benefits captured by the landowners gives a better biodiversity outcome than using fixed marginal opportunity cost subject to the same budget constraints. Spatial patterns of ecological restoration of these scenarios differ substantially, with ecological restoration pattern shifting towards smaller properties (lifestyle landowners) in the variable-marginal-value scenario. Our results show that in order to avoid providing misleading recommendations to environmental managers about priorities for ecological restoration on private lands, it is important to take into account amenity values to land owners of native vegetation and variable opportunity costs.
Strong Cosmic Censorship in higher curvature gravity
Creators: name: Mishra, Akash K
name: Chakraborty, Sumanta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Deterministic nature of general relativity is ensured by the strong cosmic censorship conjecture, which asserts that spacetime cannot be extended beyond Cauchy horizon with square integrable connection. Although this conjecture holds true for asymptotically flat black hole spacetimes in general relativity, a potential violation of this conjecture occurs in charged asymptotically de Sitter spacetimes. Since it is expected that Einstein-Hilbert action will involve higher curvature corrections, in this article we have studied whether one can restore faith in the strong cosmic censorship when higher curvature corrections to general relativity are considered. Contrary to our expectations, we have explicitly demonstrated that not only a violation to the conjecture occurs near extremality, but the violation appears to become stronger as the strength of the higher curvature term increases.
description: 20 pages, References Updated, Accepted in PRD
Spatiotemporal Analysis of Dairy Farm Productivity, Size, and Entry-Exit in the US
Creators: name: Heesun, Jang
name: Xiaodong, Du
name: Heesun, Jang
name: Xiaodong, Du
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Production Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Control function
subject: exit probability
subject: heat stress index
subject: production region.

description: The US dairy industry has experienced significant structural changes in the last few decades. Dairy production has been consolidated into fewer but larger farms, and shifting toward Western and Southern states from traditional dairy regions including the Lake States and Corn Belt. The changes also involved significant entry and exit of small- and medium-sized farms. The paper attempts to characterize patterns of dynamic evolution of productivity, size, and entryexit of dairy farms over time and across major production regions in the US. The analysis sheds light on the contribution of farm and regional characteristics on farm-level productivity changes. Regional differences in climate and economic interconnection between farm productivity and entry-exit are also examined with a focus on the distinction among dairy farm sizes.
Self-Supervised Learning of Physics-Guided Reconstruction Neural Networks without Fully-Sampled Reference Data
Creators: name: Yaman, Burhaneddin
name: Hosseini, Seyed Amir Hossein
name: Moeller, Steen
name: Ellermann, Jutta
name: Uğurbil, Kâmil
name: Akçakaya, Mehmet
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Purpose: To develop a strategy for training a physics-guided MRI reconstruction neural network without a database of fully-sampled datasets. Theory and Methods: Self-supervised learning via data under-sampling (SSDU) for physics-guided deep learning (DL) reconstruction partitions available measurements into two disjoint sets, one of which is used in the data consistency units in the unrolled network and the other is used to define the loss for training. The proposed training without fully-sampled data is compared to fully-supervised training with ground-truth data, as well as conventional compressed sensing and parallel imaging methods using the publicly available fastMRI knee database. The same physics-guided neural network is used for both proposed SSDU and supervised training. The SSDU training is also applied to prospectively 2-fold accelerated high-resolution brain datasets at different acceleration rates, and compared to parallel imaging. Results: Results on five different knee sequences at acceleration rate of 4 shows that proposed self-supervised approach performs closely with supervised learning, while significantly outperforming conventional compressed sensing and parallel imaging, as characterized by quantitative metrics and a clinical reader study. The results on prospectively sub-sampled brain datasets, where supervised learning cannot be employed due to lack of ground-truth reference, show that the proposed self-supervised approach successfully perform reconstruction at high acceleration rates (4, 6 and 8). Image readings indicate improved visual reconstruction quality with the proposed approach compared to parallel imaging at acquisition acceleration. Conclusion: The proposed SSDU approach allows training of physics-guided DL-MRI reconstruction without fully-sampled data, while achieving comparable results with supervised DL-MRI trained on fully-sampled data.
description: This work is an extension of our previous work arXiv:1910.09116
Phonon Spectrum in a Nanoparticle Mechanically Coupled to a Substrate
Creators: name: Patton, Kelly R.
name: Geller, Michael R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the vibrational density-of-states in an insulating nanoparticle that is in weak mechanical contact with a semi-infinite substrate. The work is motivated by a recent experiment by Yang et al., where the low-energy phonon density-of-states of Y2O3 nanoparticles doped with Eu was measured. Preliminary results presented here, based on the conventional quasiparticle-pole approximation for the phonon propagator, are in reasonable agreement with experiment.
description: 3 pages, 2 figures, Revtex