cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Geldpolitik in Zeiten der Energiepreiskrise: EZB hätte Inflation frühzeitiger eindämmen können
Creators: name: Ider, Gökhan
name: Kriwoluzky, Alexander
name: Kurcz, Frederik
name: Schumann, Ben
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: C32 Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models
subject: E31 Price Level; Inflation; Deflation
subject: E52 Monetary Policy
subject: Q43 Energy and the Macroeconomy
subject: monetary policy
subject: inflation
subject: energy prices
subject: optimal policy

description: In der Zeit nach der Corona-Pandemie sah sich die Europäische Zentralbank (EZB) einem beispiellosen Anstieg der Energiepreise gegenüber. Dieser führte zu einer Konsumentenpreisinflation im Euroraum von zeitweise über zehn Prozent, weit über dem EZB-Inflationsziel von zwei Prozent. Gleichzeitig war die Wirtschaft im Euroraum von einer Rezession bedroht, was einen Zielkonflikt zwischen Konjunkturstabilisierung und Inflationsbekämpfung erzeugte. Berechnungen zeigen, dass die geldpolitische Strategie der EZB, die Zinsen niedrig zu lassen, zwar die konjunkturelle Lage verbesserte, aber den Energiepreisanstieg verschlimmerte. Die empirische Analyse belegt, dass eine Zinserhöhung zu Beginn der Energiekrise die Inflation besser stabilisiert hätte. Eine straffere Geldpolitik hätte die Energienachfrage gedämpft und den Euro aufgewertet, wodurch die Energiepreise schneller gesunken wären. Der Euroraum hätte zwar eine kurzlebige Rezession durchlaufen, aber die gesamtwirtschaftliche Lage hätte sich bereits im vierten Quartal 2023 stabilisiert. Gäbe es im Euroraum eine Kapitalmarkt- und Fiskalunion, hätte die EZB ihrem Mandat der Preisstabilität möglicherweise besser folgen können.
description: DIW Wochenbericht, 91 (2024), 42, S. 657-663
Field Equations and Equations of Motion in Post-Newtonian Approximation of the Projective Unified Field Theory
Creators: name: Gorbatsievich, Alexander
name: Schmutzer, Ernst
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The equations of motion of $N$ gravitationally bound bodies are derived from the field equations of Projective Unified Field Theory. The Newtonian and the post-Newtonian approximations of the field equations and of the equations of motion of this system of bodies are studied in detail. In analyzing some experimental data we performed some numeric estimates of the ratio of the inertial mass to the scalaric mass of matter.
description: 17 pages
title: CO2-Bepreisung: Klimaprämie zügig einführen, bei höheren Einkommen abschmelzen
Creators: name: Bach, Stefan
name: Hamburg, Mark
name: Meemken, Simon
name: Merker, Marlene
name: Pieper, Joris
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Q41 Energy: Demand and Supply
subject: D31 Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
subject: H23 Taxation and Subsidies: Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
subject: carbon pricing
subject: climate dividend
subject: redistribution

description: Mit der Überführung des nationalen Emissionshandels in den europäischen Emissionshandel (EU-ETS2) ab 2027 dürften die Endverbrauchspreise für fossile Kraft- und Heizstoffe deutlich steigen. Dies trifft einkommensschwache Haushalte stärker, da sie einen größeren Anteil ihres Einkommens für Energie ausgeben als einkommensstarke Haushalte. Bereits bestehende Entlastungen bei Grundsicherung und Wohngeld oder Förderprogramme erreichen diese Gruppen nur teilweise. Eine automatische und unbürokratisch ausgezahlte Klimaprämie an alle Einwohnenden mildert übermäßige Belastungswirkungen der CO2-Bepreisung weitgehend ab. Verbleibende Belastungen bei „vulnerablen“ Haushalten mit hohem Energieverbrauch und niedrigen Einkommen erfordern aber zusätzliche Hilfen und Förderprogramme. Diese könnten finanziert werden, wenn Besser- und Hochverdienende keine Klimaprämie erhalten würden. Diese sind weniger stark von der CO2-Bepreisung betroffen und haben zumeist mehr Möglichkeiten, ihren fossilen Energieverbrauch zu reduzieren. Daher sollte die Klimaprämie an alle Haushalte ausgezahlt werden, aber bei Besser- und Hochverdienenden unbürokratisch im Rahmen von Lohn- und Einkommensteuer abgeschmolzen werden.
description: DIW Wochenbericht, 91 (2024), 42, S. 647-655
title: Mehrheit mit Wohnsituation zufrieden, aber beengte Wohnverhältnisse für Familien
Creators: name: Stiel, Caroline
name: Duso, Tomaso
name: Kholodilin, Konstantin A.
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: R21 Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Economics: Housing Demand
subject: R31 Housing Supply and Markets
subject: I31 General Welfare
subject: Housing markets
subject: well-being
subject: life satisfaction
subject: rents

description: Besonders in Großstädten wird die Wohnsituation in Deutschland oft als problematisch wahrgenommen, etwa durch hohe Mieten bei Neuvermietungen und einem Mangel an verfügbarem Wohnraum. Gestützt auf Langzeitdaten des SOEP untersucht der Bericht, welche Rolle die Wohnsituation für die Lebenszufriedenheit in Deutschland spielt und wie zufrieden unterschiedliche Bevölkerungsgruppen mit ihrer Wohnsituation sind. Grundsätzlich spielen die Wohnverhältnisse im Vergleich zur Gesundheit oder dem Einkommen eine nachgeordnete Rolle für die Lebenszufriedenheit. Es zeigt sich, dass aus Sicht der Haushalte beengte Wohnverhältnisse eher ein Problem darstellen als die subjektiv wahrgenommene Wohnkostenbelastung. Insbesondere Familien in Gemeinden mit angespannten Wohnungsmärkten und aus den unteren Einkommensschichten empfinden ihre Mietwohnung als zu klein. Fast jeder zweite Haushalt berichtet nach dem Umzug von gestiegenen Wohnkosten. Mehr verfügbarer Wohnraum würde es insbesondere Familien erleichtern, ihre Wohnverhältnisse den Bedürfnissen anzupassen.
description: DIW Wochenbericht, 91 (2024), 41, S. 635-643
A New Materials-based Pitch Division Technique
Creators: name: Gu, Xinyu
name: Bates, Christopher
name: Cho, Younjin
name: Costner, Elizabeth
name: Marzuka, Fernando
name: Nagai, Tomoki
name: Ogata, Toshiyuki
name: Shi, Chuan
name: Sundaresan, Arun K.
name: Turro, Nicholas J.
name: Bristol, Robert
name: Zimmerman, Paul
name: Willson, C. Grant
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Chemistry
subject: Chemical engineering
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering

description: Several techniques have been proposed to achieve higher resolution from 193 nm optical lithography [1]. Most of these techniques require the design of new exposure tools or implementation of costly extra process steps. A new pitch division technique is reported, which doubles the resolution of conventional lithography tools by simply adding one component to the photoresist formulation. This technique creates a resist system that involves a series of linked photochemical reactions (A→B→C) in which a photoacid generator (PAG) produces an intermediate species (B) that is a strong acid, which in turn undergoes a reaction that produces a neutral and inert compound (C) that is the final product. The intermediate acid concentration is low at lower doses, but it is largely consumed at higher doses. At moderate doses, the acid concentration reaches its maximum. This property could, in principle, be exploited to double the frequency of a grating on a mask. One formulation that provides this sort of resist response incorporates both a photoacid generator and a photobase generator. This system was studied by simulation and a test formulation was demonstrated to produce the expected resist response.
title: Einpersonenhaushalte und Alleinerziehende haben die höchste Mietbelastung: Interview
Creators: name: Kholodilin, Konstantin A.
name: Wittenberg, Erich
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2024

description: DIW Wochenbericht, 91 (2024), 41, S. 634
Harbour seals, transgenic coho salmon and euphausiids : food dynamics in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia
Creators: name: Li, Lingbo
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: This thesis examines top-down control and a policy of predator culling, the possible impacts of invasive species, and the bottom-up effects of zooplankton on the fish populations in the Strait of Georgia (SoG), British Columbia. In summary, my study highlights indirect interactions and strongly suggests ecosystem-based management in the SoG. For top-down control, I examined interactions between harbour seals and fisheries using Ecopath with Ecosim modelling. Harbour seals feed on herring, hake, and many other commercial fish. Many fish populations in this region have declined in recent decades, while harbour seals increased exponentially after a ban of hunting in 1970, until they reached their carrying capacity in the 1990s. However, model results indicated that a cull of harbour seals may not increase total fisheries catch in the SoG because increased hake would eat more herring. With seals absent, the SoG ecosystem may be dominated by hake. The Ecopath model was then modified to investigate the ecological impacts of invasive species with altered physiology — growth-hormone transgenic (GH) coho. GH coho have the potential to greatly increase the yield of fish farms, but could cause ecological harm should they ever invade natural systems. My model scenarios showed that GH coho may impact the whole ecosystem largely through indirect interactions. Many functional groups were impacted depending on GH coho diet. However, functional groups were more strongly impacted when a bottom-up effect was introduced by changing ocean conditions. Sensitivity analyses showed that the predictions were robust to uncertainty in model parameters although predator-prey vulnerabilities were more sensitive than Ecopath parameters. I assessed the bottom-up effects by analyzing nocturnal zooplankton samples collected from the top 20m of the water column between 1990 and 2007. An abrupt step-like decline occurred in community composition in 1998/1999, especially in euphausiids and copepods. Local environmental factors had low coherence and changes in the SoG zooplankton communities correlated more with large-scale climate forcing than with local factors. The decline in zooplankton communities may be an important factor in the lack of recovery of predatory fish, such as coho salmon and lingcod, even with fishery closures in the 1990s.
Additional file 1: of Mitochondrial genomes of two diplectanids (Platyhelminthes: Monogenea) expose paraphyly of the order Dactylogyridea and extensive tRNA gene rearrangements
Creators: name: Zhang, Dong
name: Li, Wen
name: Zou, Hong
name: Wu, Shan
name: Li, Ming
name: JakovliÄ, Ivan
name: Zhang, Jin
name: Chen, Rong
name: Wang, Gui
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Dataset S1. Supplementary methods. (DOCX 41 kb)
title: Mietbelastung in Deutschland: In den letzten Jahren nicht gestiegen, aber ungleich verteilt
Creators: name: Kholodilin, Konstantin A.
name: Baake, Pio
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: C43 Index Numbers and Aggregation; Leading indicators
subject: O18 Economic Development: Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis; Housing; Infrastructure
subject: R38 Production Analysis and Firm Location: Government Policy; Regulatory Policies
subject: housing affordability
subject: rental burden
subject: SOEP
subject: microeconomic data

description: In Deutschland – wie auch international – ist die Mietbelastung seit Beginn der 1990er Jahre gestiegen. Anfang der 2000er Jahre wurde dieser Trend gebrochen und die Belastung blieb annähernd konstant. Zudem haben sich die Unterschiede in der Belastung zwischen den verschiedenen Einkommensgruppen in den letzten Jahren vergrößert. Im Jahr 2021 zahlten die einkommensschwächsten 20 Prozent der Miethaushalte im Durchschnitt circa 36 Prozent ihres Einkommens für Miete, einkommensstarke Haushalte rund 22 Prozent. Daten des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) zeigen, dass Einpersonenhaushalte und Alleinerziehende in Deutschland überdurchschnittlich belastet sind. Politische Maßnahmen sollten die stark belasteten Gruppen besonders berücksichtigen. In Frage kommt etwa die gezielte Unterstützung benachteiligter Haushalte durch höheres Wohngeld. Aufgrund der räumlichen Unterschiede wäre es auch empfehlenswert, den lokalen Entscheidungsträger*innen mehr Handlungsspielraum für geeignete Maßnahmen zu eröffnen.
description: DIW Wochenbericht, 91 (2024), 41, S. 627-633
Spectral Shape of Doubly-Generalized LDPC Codes: Efficient and Exact Evaluation
Creators: name: Flanagan, Mark F.
name: Paolini, Enrico
name: Chiani, Marco
name: Fossorier, Marc P. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper analyzes the asymptotic exponent of the weight spectrum for irregular doubly-generalized LDPC (D-GLDPC) codes. In the process, an efficient numerical technique for its evaluation is presented, involving the solution of a 4 x 4 system of polynomial equations. The expression is consistent with previous results, including the case where the normalized weight or stopping set size tends to zero. The spectral shape is shown to admit a particularly simple form in the special case where all variable nodes are repetition codes of the same degree, a case which includes Tanner codes; for this case it is also shown how certain symmetry properties of the local weight distribution at the CNs induce a symmetry in the overall weight spectral shape function. Finally, using these new results, weight and stopping set size spectral shapes are evaluated for some example generalized and doubly-generalized LDPC code ensembles.
description: 17 pages, 6 figures. To appear in IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
Analytical five-loop expressions for the renormalization group QED $β$-function in different renormalization schemes
Creators: name: Kataev, A. L.
name: Larin, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain analytical five-loop results for the renormalization group $β$-function of Quantum Electrodynamics with the single lepton in different renormalization schemes. The theoretical consequences of the results obtained are discussed.
description: 7 pages, 1 reference added
Double exchange model on triangular lattice: non-coplanar spin configuration and phase transition near quarter filling
Creators: name: Zhang, G. P.
name: Zhang, Jian
name: Zhang, Qi-Li
name: Zhou, Jiang-Tao
name: Shangguan, M. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Unconventional anomalous Hall effect in frustrated pyrochlore oxides is originated from spin chirality of non-coplanar localized spins, which can also be induced by the competition between ferromagnetic (FM) double exchange interaction $J_{H}$ and antiferromagnetic superexchange interaction $J_{AF}$. Here truncated polynomial expansion method and Monte Carlo simulation are adopted to investigate the above model on two-dimensional triangular lattice. We discuss the influence of the range of FM-type spin-spin correlation and strong electron-spin correlation on the truncation error of spin-spin correlation near quarter filling. Two peaks of the probability distribution of spin-spin correlation in non-coplanar spin configuration clearly show that non-coplanar spin configuration is an intermediate phase between FM and 120-degree spin phase. Near quarter filling, there is a phase transition from FM into non-coplanar and further into 120-degree spin phase when $J_{AF}$ continually increases. Finally the effect of temperature on magnetic structure is discussed.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
Security as a Systems Property
Creators: name: Bellovin, Steven Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Computer science

description: How do we protect systems? The answer is straightforward: each component must be evaluated independently and protected as necessary. Beware the easy answers, such as deploying stronger encryption while ignoring vulnerable end points; that's too much like looking under the streetlamp for lost keys, not because they're likely to be there but because it's an easy place to search. Remember, too, that people and processes are system components as well, and often the weakest ones ”think about phishing, but also about legitimate emails that are structurally indistinguishable from phishing attacks. I'm not saying you should ignore one weakness because you can't afford to address another serious one” but in general, your defenses should be balanced. After that, of course, you have to evaluate the security of the entire system. Components interact, not always in benign ways, and there may be gaps you haven't filled.
Majorana spin liquids and projective realization of SU(2) spin symmetry
Creators: name: Chen, Gang
name: Essin, Andrew
name: Hermele, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the fermionic parton approach to S = 1/2 quantum spin liquids with SU(2) spin rotation symmetry, and the associated projective symmetry group (PSG) classification. We point out that the existing PSG classification is incomplete; upon completing it, we find spin liquid states with S=1 and S=0 Majorana fermion excitations coupled to a deconfined Z2 gauge field. The crucial observation leading us to this result is that, like space group and time reversal symmetries, spin rotations can act projectively on the fermionic partons; that is, a spin rotation may be realized by simultaneous SU(2) spin and gauge rotations. We show that there are only two realizations of spin rotations acting on fermionic partons: the familiar naive realization where spin rotation is not accompanied by any gauge transformation, and a single type of projective realization. We discuss the PSG classification for states with projective spin rotations. To illustrate these results, we show that there are four such PSGs on the two-dimensional square lattice. We study the properties of the corresponding states, finding that one -- with gapless Fermi points -- is a stable phase beyond mean-field theory. In this phase, depending on parameters, a small Zeeman magnetic field can open a partial gap for the Majorana fermion excitations. Moreover, there are nearby gapped phases supporting Z2 vortex excitations obeying non-Abelian statistics. We conclude with a discussion of various open issues, including the challenging question of where such S=1 Majorana spin liquids may occur in models and in real systems.
description: 19 pages, 8 figures. Typos corrected, references added
Application of Laser Photolysis to the Study of Reactive Intermediates
Creators: name: Turro, Nicholas J.
name: Aikawa, Masayuki
name: Butcher, Jared A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1980
Subjects: subject: Chemistry
subject: Chemical engineering
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering

description: Excimer laser flash photolysis in the study of diphenyl carbene (DPC) reveals the presence of at least three transient species produced by excitation of a precursor at 249 nm in isooctane solution at room temperature depending on the concentration of O2 present. In an aerated solution, a fast first-order decay assigned to 3DPC leads to the formation of an unassigned species which also decays by first order kinetics to produce the observed product Ph2CO. In degassed solution, the fast first-order decay of a species to produce 3DPC which decays by second-order kinetics to produce the dimeric products observed.
title: Pierre de Carcavy
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Pierre de Carcavy as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
Explicit capacity-achieving receivers for optical communication and quantum reading
Creators: name: Wilde, Mark M.
name: Guha, Saikat
name: Tan, Si-Hui
name: Lloyd, Seth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: An important practical open question has been to design explicit, structured optical receivers that achieve the Holevo limit in the contexts of optical communication and "quantum reading." The Holevo limit is an achievable rate that is higher than the Shannon limit of any known optical receiver. We demonstrate how a sequential decoding approach can achieve the Holevo limit for both of these settings. A crucial part of our scheme for both settings is a non-destructive "vacuum-or-not" measurement that projects an n-symbol modulated codeword onto the n-fold vacuum state or its orthogonal complement, such that the post-measurement state is either the n-fold vacuum or has the vacuum removed from the support of the n symbols' joint quantum state. The sequential decoder for optical communication requires the additional ability to perform multimode optical phase-space displacements---realizable using a beamsplitter and a laser, while the sequential decoder for quantum reading also requires the ability to perform phase-shifting (realizable using a phase plate) and online squeezing (a phase-sensitive amplifier).
description: 7 pages, submission to the 2012 International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT 2012), Boston, MA, USA; v2: Accepted
title: Joh. Hiskias Cardilucius
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Joh. Hiskias Cardilucius as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
Micelles, Magnets and Molecular Mechanisms: Application to Cage Effects and Isotope Separation
Creators: name: Turro, Nicholas J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1981
Subjects: subject: Chemistry
subject: Chemical engineering
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering

description: This report reviews the general problem of cage reactions of radical pairs and diradicals. Based on Wigner's spin conservation rule and the expectation that only singlet radical pairs can undergo cage reactions, a natural consequence is the expectation that it should be possible to observe magnetic effects on the reactions of radical pairs. It is shown that two types of magnetic effects should be possible: (1) Effects due to the application of the magnetic field of a laboratory magnet during a reaction; (2) Effects due to the interactions of nuclear magnetic momemts and electron magnetic moments. The experimental consequences of these magnetic effects are separation of isotopes based on differing nuclear magnetic moments and variation of the extent of cage reaction by variation of an applied field or by variation of nuclear magnetic moments. Striking experimental examples of these magnetic effects are provided by the photolysis of ketones in micellar solution and by the thermolysis of endoperoxides.
Uncovering the association between traffic crashes and street-level built-environment features using street view images
Creators: name: Hu, Sheng
name: Xing, Hanfa
name: Luo, Wei
name: Wu, Liang
name: Xu, Yongyang
name: Huang, Weiming
name: Liu, Wenkai
name: Li, Tianqi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified

description: Investigating the relationship between built environment factors and roadway safety is crucial for preventing road traffic accidents. Although studies have analyzed traffic-related built environment factors based on pre-determined zonal units, conclusive evidence regarding the relationship between streetscape features and traffic accidents at a fine-grained road segment level is still lacking. With the widespread availability of large-scale street view images, automatically analyzing urban built environments on a large scale is possible. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between streetscape features and traffic accidents at a fine-grained road segment level using street view images. Specifically, we employed semantic image segmentation to extract streetscape elements from urban street view images, and then created traffic crash-related variables, including the street-level built environment variables, traffic variables, land-use indices, and proximity characteristics, at the road-segment level. Finally, we adopted a classification-then-regression strategy to model the number of traffic crashes while considering the zero-inflated and spatial heterogeneity issues. Our findings suggest that streetscape features can effectively reflect built-environment characteristics at the road-segment level. Moreover, a comparison of our proposed modeling method with existing models demonstrates its superior performance. The results provide insight into the development of effective planning strategies to improve traffic safety.
title: Gender Pay Gap sinkt in vielen Branchen, wenn Unternehmen im Besitz von Frauen sind
Creators: name: Kritikos, Alexander S.
name: Maliranta, Mika
name: Nippala, Veera
name: Nurmi, Satu
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: J16 Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
subject: J24 Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
subject: J71 Labor Discrimination
subject: L26 Entrepreneurship
subject: M13 New Firms; Startups
subject: gender pay gap
subject: discrimination
subject: female firm ownership

description: Welchen Einfluss haben Frauen in Führungspositionen auf den Gender Pay Gap? Um dieser Frage nachzugehen, untersucht der Bericht erstmalig den Zusammenhang zwischen dem Geschlecht von Unternehmer*innen und den Löhnen, die den weiblichen Beschäftigten im Vergleich zu ihren männlichen Kollegen gezahlt werden. Dazu werden mit Deutschland vergleichbare Daten aus Finnland analysiert. Ausgehend von einem geschlechtsspezifischen Lohngefälle von rund elf Prozent ist die Lohnlücke in Unternehmen im Eigentum von Frauen mehr als zwei Prozentpunkte niedriger als in Unternehmen im Eigentum von Männern. Darüber hinaus lassen sich erhebliche Branchenunterschiede feststellen. Während etwa im verarbeitenden Gewerbe das Geschlecht der Unternehmer* innen keine Rolle für den geschlechtsspezifischen Verdienstabstand spielt, gibt es in Dienstleistungsbranchen wie der Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie oder in den Unternehmensdienstleistungen keinen oder nur einen vernachlässigbaren geschlechtsspezifischen Verdienstabstand, allerdings nur, wenn die Unternehmen im Besitz von Frauen sind. Deshalb lohnt es, Frauen auf dem Weg in die Selbstständigkeit stärker zu unterstützen und bestehende Hürden zu reduzieren. Neben positiven Wirkungen für wirtschaftliches Wachstum wäre eine weitere Reduktion des Gender Pay Gaps zu erwarten.
description: DIW Wochenbericht, 91 (2024), 40, S. 615-622
title: Carl Theodor Otto Salm
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Carl Theodor Otto Salm as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
Reconstructing the photometric light curves of Earth as a planet along its history
Creators: name: Sanromá, Esther
name: Pallé, Enric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By utilizing satellite-based estimations of the distribution of clouds, we have studied the Earth's large-scale cloudiness behavior according to latitude and surface types (ice, water, vegetation and desert). These empirical relationships are used here to reconstruct the possible cloud distribution of historical epochs of the Earth's history such as the Late Cretaceous (90 Ma ago), the Late Triassic (230 Ma ago), the Mississippian (340 Ma ago), and the Late Cambrian (500 Ma ago), when the landmass distributions were different from today's. With this information, we have been able to simulate the globally-integrated photometric variability of the planet at these epochs. We find that our simple model reproduces well the observed cloud distribution and albedo variability of the modern Earth. Moreover, the model suggests that the photometric variability of the Earth was probably much larger in past epochs. This enhanced photometric variability could improve the chances for the difficult determination of the rotational period and the identification of continental landmasses for a distant planets.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures. Accepted in ApJ. Latest version for publication
Existence and instability of standing waves with prescribed norm for a class of Schrödinger-Poisson equations
Creators: name: Bellazzini, Jacopo
name: Jeanjean, Louis
name: Luo, Tingjian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35J50, 35Q41, 35Q55, 37K45

description: In this paper we study the existence and the instability of standing waves with prescribed $L^2$-norm for a class of Schrödinger-Poisson-Slater equations in $\R^{3}$ %orbitally stable standing waves with arbitray charge for the following Schrödinger-Poisson type equation \label{evolution1} iψ_{t}+ Δψ- (|x|^{-1}*|ψ|^{2}) ψ+|ψ|^{p-2}ψ=0 % \text{in} \R^{3}, when $p \in (10/3,6)$. To obtain such solutions we look to critical points of the energy functional $$F(u)=1/2| \triangledown u|_{L^{2}(\mathbb{R}^3)}^2+1/4\int_{\mathbb{R}^3}\int_{\mathbb{R}^3}\frac{|u(x)|^2| u(y)|^2}{|x-y|}dxdy-\frac{1}{p}\int_{\mathbb{R}^3}|u|^pdx $$ on the constraints given by $$S(c)= \{u \in H^1(\mathbb{R}^3) :|u|_{L^2(\R^3)}^2=c, c>0}.$$ For the values $p \in (10/3, 6)$ considered, the functional $F$ is unbounded from below on $S(c)$ and the existence of critical points is obtained by a mountain pass argument developed on $S(c)$. We show that critical points exist provided that $c>0$ is sufficiently small and that when $c>0$ is not small a non-existence result is expected. Concerning the dynamics we show for initial condition $u_0\in H^1(\R^3)$ of the associated Cauchy problem with $|u_0|_{2}^2=c$ that the mountain pass energy level $γ(c)$ gives a threshold for global existence. Also the strong instability of standing waves at the mountain pass energy level is proved. Finally we draw a comparison between the Schrödinger-Poisson-Slater equation and the classical nonlinear Schrödinger equation.
description: 41 pages
Using climate information for improved health in Africa: relevance, constraints and opportunities
Creators: name: Connor, Stephen J.
name: Ceccato, Pietro N.
name: Dinku, Tufa
name: Omumbo, Judith A.
name: Grover-Kopec, Emily K.
name: Thomson, Madeleine C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Science--Social aspects
Public health
Epidemiology

description: Good health status is one of the primary aspirations of human social development and, as a consequence, health indicators are key components of the human development indices by which we measure progress toward sustainable development. Certain diseases and ill health are associated with particular environmental and climate conditions. The timeframe of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) demands that the risks to health associated with current climate variability are more fully understood and acted upon to improve the focus of resources in climate sensitive disease control, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, where good epidemiological surveillance data are lacking. In the absence of high-quality epidemiological data on malaria distribution in Africa, climate information has long been used to develop malaria risk maps illustrating the climatic suitability boundaries for endemic transmission. However, experience to date has shown that it is difficult in terms of availability, timing and cost to obtain meteorological observations from national meteorological services in Africa. National health services generally find the costs of purchasing these data prohibitive given their competing demands for resources across the spectrum of health service requirements. Some national health services have tried to overcome this access problem by using proxies derived from satellites, which tend to be available freely, in 'near-real-time' and therefore offer much promise for monitoring applications. This paper discusses the issues related to climate and health, reviews the current use of climate information for malaria endemic and epidemic surveillance, and presents examples of operational use of climate information for malaria control in Africa based on Geographical Information Systems and Remote Sensing.
title: Samuel Benedikt Carpzov
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Samuel Benedikt Carpzov as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
Are Opinions Based on Science: Modelling Social Response to Scientific Facts
Creators: name: Iñiguez, Gerardo
name: Tagüeña-Martínez, Julia
name: Kaski, Kimmo K.
name: Barrio, R. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: As scientists we like to think that modern societies and their members base their views, opinions and behaviour on scientific facts. This is not necessarily the case, even though we are all (over-) exposed to information flow through various channels of media, i.e. newspapers, television, radio, internet, and web. It is thought that this is mainly due to the conflicting information on the mass media and to the individual attitude (formed by cultural, educational and environmental factors), that is, one external factor and another personal factor. In this paper we will investigate the dynamical development of opinion in a small population of agents by means of a computational model of opinion formation in a co-evolving network of socially linked agents. The personal and external factors are taken into account by assigning an individual attitude parameter to each agent, and by subjecting all to an external but homogeneous field to simulate the effect of the media. We then adjust the field strength in the model by using actual data on scientific perception surveys carried out in two different populations, which allow us to compare two different societies. We interpret the model findings with the aid of simple mean field calculations. Our results suggest that scientifically sound concepts are more difficult to acquire than concepts not validated by science, since opposing individuals organize themselves in close communities that prevent opinion consensus.
description: 21 pages, 5 figures. Submitted to PLoS ONE
Practical illustrations of the LIBER/ADBU toolkit for RDM services at VU Amsterdam
Creators: name: Rodenburg, Elisa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Workshop 9. Research Data Management Support Service Models at Universities. Organisers: Research Data Management Working Group & Data Science in Libraries Speakers: Naeem Muhammad, Elisa Rodenburg, Sara Coppini, Chiara Basalti & Peter Verhaar.
L'Amour-propre dans L'Ecole des femmes et dans le Dom Juan de Moliere
Creators: name: Chung, Lawrence Shing Yan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: The theme of self-love is omnipresent in the theatrical works of Molière. More specifically, this theme is apparent in The School for Wives and Dom Juan. In these two plays, we notice that the two main characters, Arnolphe and Dom Juan, are guided in their actions by their overarching self-love. Using the philosophical concepts of La Rochefoucauld and Pierre Nicole as benchmarks in our analysis of self-love in the two plays, we first note that this egoism, which leads to the pursuit of one’s own interests, is demonstrated in Dom Juan’s « libertinage » and Arnolphe’s cynicism. We then examine how such egoism is manifested through tyranny and the use of trickery. These two preceding points lead to our main topic explaining that Molière put these characters on stage to show that inordinate self-love does not lead to the desired objective. In other words, not being able to see reality – because their actions and ideas were guided only by their self-interests – these narcissists fail to recognize themselves as much as Ovid’s mythical character Narcissus and end up in ruin in L’École des femmes and Dom Juan.
Entanglement spectrum and Wannier center flow of the Hofstadter problem
Creators: name: Huang, Zhoushen
name: Arovas, Daniel P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the quantum entanglement spectra and Wannier functions of the square lattice Hofstadter model. Consistent with previous work on entanglement spectra of topological band structures, we find that the entanglement levels exhibit a spectral flow similar to that of the full system's energy spectrum. While the energy spectra are continuous, with open boundary conditions the entanglement spectra exhibit discontinuities associated with the passage of an energy edge state through the Fermi level. We show how the entanglement spectrum can be understood by examining the band projectors of the full system and their behavior under adiabatic pumping. In so doing we make connections with the original TKNN work on topological two-dimensional band structures and their Chern numbers. Finally we consider Wannier states and their adiabatic flows, and draw connections to the entanglement properties.
description: 14 + 4 pages, 12 figures. Introductory material expanded. Figures explained in more detail. New appendix added. Minor typographical errors corrected. Published version
title: Historische Erbschaftsregeln für Land prägen noch heute die Wirtschaft
Creators: name: Bartels, Charlotte
name: Jäger, Simon
name: Obergruber, Natalie
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: N33 Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy: Europe: Pre-1913
subject: Economic Development
subject: Economic Growth
subject: Distribution

description: Noch heute wirken in Deutschland die verschiedenen erbrechtlichen Bräuche und Regelungen nach, die im 19. Jahrhundert die Weitergabe von landwirtschaftlichem Grundbesitz an die folgende Generation bestimmten. Eine ökonometrische Analyse zeigt, dass die gleichmäßigere Verteilung von landwirtschaftlichem Grundbesitz in Deutschland langfristig zu höherem regionalem Wachstum geführt hat. Ein gleichmäßigerer Zugang zu Land und dem daraus resultierenden Einkommen gab in den Gebieten mit gleicher Erbschaftsteilung unter den Geschwistern (Realteilung) mehr Menschen die Möglichkeit, unternehmerisch tätig zu werden, im Vergleich zu Gebieten, wo nur das erstgeborene Kind erbte (Anerbenrecht). Diese unternehmerische Tätigkeit bildete während der Transformation zur Industriegesellschaft den Nährboden für den heutigen innovativen Mittelstand. Bis heute gibt es in den Realteilungsgebieten mehr Unternehmen und ökonomischen Wohlstand. Diese Unternehmen sind im Durchschnitt kleiner, aber produktiver als Unternehmen in Gebieten mit historischem Anerbenrecht. Langfristig erwies sich die Realteilung als eine wichtige Institution für inklusives Wirtschaftswachstum.
description: DIW Wochenbericht, 91 (2024), 39, S. 603-608
Experiment for Regional Sources and Sinks of Oxidants (EXPRESSO): An Overview
Creators: name: Delmas, R. A.
name: Druilhet, A.
name: Cros, B.
name: Durand, P.
name: Delon, C.
name: Lacaux, J. P.
name: Brustet, J. M.
name: Serça, D.
name: Affre, C.
name: Guenther, A.
name: Greenberg, J.
name: Baugh, W.
name: Harley, P.
name: Klinger, L.
name: Ginoux, P.
name: Brasseur, G.
name: Zimmerman, P. R.
name: Grégoire, J. M.
name: Janodet, E.
name: Tournier, A.
name: Perros, P.
name: Marion, Th.
name: Gaudichet, A.
name: Cachier, H.
name: Ruellan, S.
name: Masclet, P.
name: Cautenet, S.
name: Poulet, D.
name: Biona, C. Bouka
name: Nganga, D.
name: Tathy, J. P.
name: Minga, A.
name: Loemba-Ndembi, J.
name: Ceccato, Pietro N.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Science--Social aspects
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Atmosphere

description: This paper presents an overview of the Experiment for Regional Sources and Sinks of Oxidents (EXPRESSO) including the objectives of the project, a detailed description of the characteristics of the experimental region and of field instrumentation deployed, and a summary of the main results of all components of the experiment. EXPRESSO is an international, multidisciplinary effort to quantify and better understand the processes controlling surface fluxes of photochemical precursors emitted by vegetation and biomass burning along a tropical forest to savanna gradient in central Africa. The experiment was conducted at the beginning of the dry season in November- December 1996. Three main research tools were deployed during this period: (1) the French research aircraft (Avion de Recherche Atmosphérique et de Télédétection, Fokker 27), instrumented for chemistry and flux measurements (CNRS- France), (2) two satellite receivers for in situ acquisition of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-advanced very high resolution radiometer (NOAA-AVHRR) imagery for fire detection (EC-JRC, Ispra, Italy), and (3) a 65-m walkup tower installed at a tropical forest site in the Republic of Congo (National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado). Average dynamic and turbulence characteristics over savanna and forest ecosystems were retrieved from aircraft measurements. They illustrate the complex atmospheric circulation occurring in this region in the vicinity of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. Satellite receivers were operated three times a day to produce maps of fire distribution. Statistics and mapping of burned surfaces from NOAA-AVHRR and ERS-Along Track Scanning Radiometer space systems have been developed. The influence of biogenic and biomass burning sources on the chemical composition of the lower atmosphere was studied through both aircraft and tower measurements. The EXPRESSO field campaign was followed by modeling efforts (regional and global scales) in which model components are evaluated using the experimental data.
title: Ludovico Casati S.J.
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Ludovico Casati S.J. as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
Adiabatic ring opening in tethered naphthalene and anthracene cycloadducts
Creators: name: Sundaresan, Arun K.
name: Jockusch, Steffen
name: Li, Yongjun
name: Lancaster, Jeffrey R.
name: Banik, Steven
name: Zimmerman, Paul
name: Blackwell, James M.
name: Bristol, Robert
name: Turro, Nicholas J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Chemistry
subject: Chemical engineering
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering

description: The cycloadducts of tethered naphthalene and anthracene derivatives undergo photochemical ring opening to an electronically excited product with adiabatic yields up to 90%.
title: Große Unterschiede bei Antibiotikaverschreibungen lassen auf Ineffizienzen schließen
Creators: name: Huang, Shan
name: Ullrich, Hannes
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: I11 Analysis of Health Care Markets
subject: I12 Health Production
subject: J44 Professional Labor Markets; Occupational Licensing
subject: antibiotic prescribing
subject: practice styles
subject: general practitioners
subject: linked administrative data

description: Die Bekämpfung von Antibiotikaresistenzen stellt eine der größten gesundheitspolitischen Herausforderungen dar. Dabei wird das Verschreiben von Antibiotika in Allgemeinarztpraxen als eine der Hauptursachen für das Auftreten resistenter Bakterien angesehen. Schwer zu ermitteln ist jedoch, ob die Verwendung von Antibiotika in jedem Fall medizinisch notwendig ist. Für Dänemark konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass Behandlungsstile von Allgemeinmediziner*innen für 50 bis 80 Prozent der Unterschiede in den Verschreibungshäufigkeiten verantwortlich sind. Eine höhere Verschreibungshäufigkeit geht zudem nicht mit einer höheren Behandlungsqualität einher, was für Maßnahmen zur Reduktion von Antibiotikagaben spricht. In Deutschland sind ähnliche Ineffizienzen hinsichtlich der Antibiotikanutzung zu erwarten, allerdings ist eine Messung nicht möglich. Dazu wäre der Zugang zu verknüpfbaren Personendaten aus dem Gesundheitssystem und anderen Bereichen erforderlich. So ließen sich nicht nur Ineffizienzen bei Antibiotikaverschreibungen messen, sondern auch evidenzbasierte, gesundheitspolitische Reformen zur Erhöhung der Effizienz im Gesundheitssystem ableiten.
description: DIW Wochenbericht, 91 (2024), 38, S. 591-597
Relationships between men's gender attitudes and fertility
Creators: name: Westoff, Charles F.
name: Higgins, Jennifer
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Public health

description: An analysis published in a recent edition of this journal (Puur, Olah, Tazi-Preve, and Dorbritz 2008) reported that, in eight European countries, men with egalitarian gender attitudes both desired and had more children than men with more traditional gender attitudes. These unexpected findings led us to explore a similar research question with an alternate dataset--the European/World Value Surveys. But we found--without exception--a negative association between men's egalitarian attitudes and fertility, not only in the selected European countries but also in a considerable number of other developed countries. We explore possible reasons for and implications of these divergent findings.
title: Praxen, die häufiger Antibiotika verschreiben, erreichen keine höhere Behandlungsqualität: Interview
Creators: name: Ullrich, Hannes
name: Wittenberg, Erich
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2024

description: DIW Wochenbericht, 91 (2024), 38, S. 598
title: Gian Domenico Cassini
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Gian Domenico Cassini as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's