Petrarca Kolbasov, Savchenko, Yu, Tsao, Ganmanee & Chan, 2023, SP. NOV.
Creators: name: Kolbasov, Gregory A.
name: Savchenko, Alexandra S.
name: Yu, Meng-Chen
name: Tsao, Yao-Feng
name: Ganmanee, Monthon
name: Chan, Benny K. K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Maxillopoda
Laurida
Petrarcidae
Petrarca

description: PETRARCA NOZAWAI SP. NOV.
(FIGS 1H, 14–18)
Probably as P. morula in Grygier & Nojima, 1995: 93–96, fig. 18.
Z o o b a n k R e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. o r g: a c t: A E C 7 C 3 E F - C 4 0 5 - 4 4 B 0 - B 0 6 9 - 364D18F6B6A3
Material examined: Two specimens (including holotype) in Turbinaria mesenterina, 22°40 ′ 39.2 ″ N, 121°28 ′ 57.2 ″ E, Green Island (L ǜ d ǎ o), Taiwan, 24.04.2015, at 4–20 m depth. Six specimens in Turbinaria sp., 25°7 ʹ 49 ″ N, 121°51 ʹ 26 ″ E, Keelung, Taiwan, 17.08.2015, at 4–10 m depth. Glycerin slide of the holotype (no. Mg 1248) with the carapace valves, the dissected mouth parts, antennules and rest of the body proper with thoracopods and penis, and SEM stub of paratype (no. Mg 1250) with the carapace valves and the body proper are deposited in the Zoological Museum of Moscow State University in Moscow, Russian Federation.
Diagnosis: Carapace roughly ovoid, valves with eight to ten coalesced lumpy inflations, without distinct radial ridges; carapace margin uneven but not crenulated; ventral side of carapace with numerous, large conical papillae, lateral surface with small papillae. Mandible with 15 sharp, simple teeth; maxillules with 13–15 teeth; six pairs of thoracopods, first thoracopod setiform; penis with small, rounded rami.
Etymology: The species is named after Dr Yoko Nozawa, our colleague and friend, in appreciation of his help with identification of coral hosts for our Ascothoracida studies.
Description: Living specimens pink (Fig. 1H). Adult (mature) specimens 3.70–4.22 mm long, 3.52–3.60 mm high and 3.2–3.3 mm wide (Figs 14, 17A, G). Carapace (Fig. 14, 17A, G) roughly ovoid, narrowing towards anterior end; each valve with eight to ten coalesced irregular lumpy inflations but without distinct radial ridges; dorsal and posterior margins of carapace uneven but not crenulated; anterioventral margins slightly curved or straight, with numerous, large conical papillae (Figs 14C, E, 17A, D); lateral surfaces and posterioventral margins with small papillae (Fig. 17B, E). Carapace papillae volcano-shaped, terminating at central microscopic pore (Fig. 17C, F). Cuticle of carapace with dense, polygonal, small swellings or bumps (Fig. 17B, E, D).
Body inflated, curved, enclosed between carapace valves, tip of penis close to oral cone (Figs 14F, 17H). Cephalon with large adductor muscle lying above big oral cone flanked by five-segmented antennules. Thorax with sinusoid arched dorsal margin, with hump in posterior part but without distinct segmentation, with cluster of rudimentary uniramous thoracopods (Figs 14F, 17H). Abdomen with massive first segment bearing long penis and vestigial rear part (Figs 14E, F, 17H).
Antennules somewhat W-shaped and prehensile, with little armament of external sculpture on two distal cuticle with tiny pores on postaxial (ventral) margin of fifth antennular segment. H, distal parts of claw and claw guard, setae of claw guard and aesthetasc indicated by arrowheads. I, oral cone, lateroventral view. J, ctenoid scales on lateral surface of labrum. Abbreviations: ae, aesthetasc; cl, claw; clg, claw guard; lb, labrum; mo, mouth opening; mx2, maxillae; oc, oral cone; pe, penis; rab, rudimentary abdomen; thp, thoracopods. Scale bars in µm.
segments (Figs 14F, 15A–D). First segment irregularly rectangular, narrowing somewhat distally; second segment trapezoidal; third segment almost triangular, narrowing toward lower/ventral margin; fourth segment longer than wide, with curved ventral margin, short distal seta inserted at anteriodorsal corner (Fig. 15A, B). Fifth segment rectangular, narrowing towards distal end, shorter and narrower than fourth and armed with sensory and grasping structures, ventral/postaxial margin almost straight, dorsal/preaxial margin concave (Fig. 15C, D). Short, massive curved claw with smooth concave margin arising from distal end of segment. Three rudimentary setae at base of claw and to each side (Fig. 15C, D); tiny pores (three to five) on inner and outer lateral sides (Fig. 15C, D). Claw sheathed by large, hood-shaped, oval claw guard on posteriodistal corner; claw guard with three vestigial, distal setae; developed subterminal aesthetasc half as long as claw guard, terminates with two outgrowths (Fig. 15C, D).
Oral cone prominent (Figs 17H, 18A). Massive prow-shaped labrum with short posteriolateral extensions, leaving maxillae largely exposed, dense ctenoid scales on the exterior (Fig. 18A, B). Mandibles (Fig. 15E) elongated, cutting edge straight, with 15 sharp, simple teeth. Maxillules (Fig. 15F, G) with sclerotized, triangular distal parts, inner margin with 13–16 teeth, teeth in upper half with blunt tips, while those in lower half smaller and spiniform. Fused maxillae (Figs 15H, 18A, B) with dense ctenoid scales on lateral surfaces, distal ends with rounded zones of sclerotized, thick and wrinkled cuticle without denticles, pores or setules.
Six pairs of thoracopods; thoracopods 2–6 uniramous, unsegmented, grouped in cluster and arranged in an unorderly sequence in lateral view (Figs 16B, 17H). Thoracopod 1 setiform (Fig. 16A); thoracopods 2–4 conical, longer and wider than thoracopods 5 and 6. Batteries of ampuliform seminal receptacles (Fig. 16B) associated with thoracopods 2–5 (~14, 11–12, 9–10 and 9 receptacles, respectively). Cuticle of thoracopods 2–6 with dense and long ctenoid scales (Fig. 18D).
Long (~ 1.2 mm) and massive, terminally bifid penis originates from large first abdominal segment (Fig. 17H). Shaft of penis supports two small, flat and rounded rami about 100 µm long; distal part of penis, including rami, bearing numerous short but wide conical setae (Figs 16D, 18E). Rest of abdomen vestigial, consisting of two indistinct segments; posterior end of abdomen with shallow cleft (Figs 16C, 18C).
Remarks: The new species Petrarca nozaaeai sp. nov. is similar to the other two congeners, P. morula and P. goanna in utilizing Turbinaria corals as hosts. These species are characterized by the large lumpy inflations of the carapace, which are absent in other species of Petrarca. Petrarca nozaaeai differs from P. morula in having ovoid but not a spherical carapace and larger teeth on the inner margin of maxillules (small denticles in P. morula). Petrarca nozaaeai is distinguished from P. goanna: (1) by the absence of radial ribs and the crenulated margin of the carapace; (2) by numerous large, long conical papillae on the anterioventral part of the carapace; and (3) by simple and fewer teeth on the mandible (simple and bifid teeth present in P. goanna).
description: Published as part of Kolbasov, Gregory A., Savchenko, Alexandra S., Yu, Meng-Chen, Tsao, Yao-Feng, Ganmanee, Monthon & Chan, Benny K. K., 2023, Integrative taxonomy, larval biology and functional morphology of the little known gall-forming coral endoparasite Petrarca (Thecostraca: Ascothoracida), pp. 767-801 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 198 on pages 780-786, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad009, http://zenodo.org/record/8152364