cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
HIV/AIDS, HUMAN CAPITAL AND ECONOMIC PROSPECTS FOR MOZAMBIQUE
Creators: name: Arndt, Channing
name: Arndt, Channing
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: As in other countries in the southern Africa region, a human development catastrophe is unfolding in Mozambique. Recently released data estimate HIV prevalence rates amongst the adult population in the year 2000 at around 12% with substantial regional variation. Due to the magnitude of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, it has become a top priority development issue in the southern Africa region, including Mozambique. The goal of this paper is to try to come to grips with the economic dimension. In this initial assessment, focus is on the implications for macroeconomic prospects. A dynamic computable general equilibrium approach is employed to quantify impacts on key macroeconomic variables and identify the major channels through which these impacts occur. Particular attention is paid to projecting implications for human capital accumulation. Policy options for blunting the major negative impact channels are then considered. The analysis indicates that the HIV/AIDS pandemic could have large economic impacts. Projecting to 2010, cumulative per capita GDP growth rates are between 0.3% and 1.0% lower than in a fictional no AIDS scenario. The major sources of this slowdown in growth are (1) reduced productivity growth, (2) reduced population growth and human capital accumulation, and (3) reduced physical capital accumulation. All three of these effects are significant. In addition, impacts on school enrollments are potentially very large with implications for growth rates in the latter part of this decade and beyond. Among other items, the ana lysis highlights the importance of maintaining access and quality in the educational system for preserving growth trends in school enrollments and human capital stocks.
Bose-Einstein Condensates in Rotating Lattices
Creators: name: Bhat, Rajiv
name: Carr, L. D.
name: Holland, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strongly interacting bosons in 2D in a rotating square lattice are investigated via a modified Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian. Such a system corresponds to a rotating lattice potential imprinted on a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate. Second-order quantum phase transitions between states of different symmetries are observed at discrete rotation rates. For the square lattice we study, there are four possible ground-state symmetries.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures, Accepted for publication in PRL v2: Replaced phase winding labels with symmetry eigenstate indices, replaced Gaussian Ansatz with more general treatment and other minor changes
Orbit topology analysed from $π$ phase shift of magnetic quantum oscillations in three-dimensional Dirac semimetal
Creators: name: Lee, Sang-Eon
name: Oh, Myeong-jun
name: Ji, Sanghyun
name: Kim, Jinsu
name: Jun, Jin Hyun
name: Kang, Woun
name: Jo, Younjung
name: Jung, Myung-Hwa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the emergence of Dirac fermion physics in the field of condensed matter, magnetic quantum oscillations (MQOs) have been used to discern the topology of orbits in Dirac materials. However, many previous researchers have relied on the single-orbit Lifshiftz-Kosevich formula, which overlooks the significant effect of degenerate orbits on MQOs. Since the single-orbit LK formula is valid for massless Dirac semimetals with small cyclotron masses, it is imperative to generalize the method applicable to a wide range of Dirac semimetals, whether massless or massive. This report demonstrates how spin-degenerate orbits affect the phases in MQOs of three-dimensional massive Dirac semimetal, NbSb$_2$. With varying the direction of the magnetic field, an abrupt $π$ phase shift is observed due to the interference between the spin-degenerate orbits. We investigate the effect of cyclotron mass on the $π$ phase shift and verify its close relation to the phase from the Zeeman coupling. We find that the $π$ phase shift occurs when the cyclotron mass is 1/2 of the electron mass, indicating the effective spin gyromagnetic ratio is $g_s$ = 2. Our approach is not only useful for analysing MQOs of massless Dirac semimetals with a small cyclotron mass, but also can be used for MQOs in massive Dirac materials with degenerate orbits, especially in topological materials with a sufficiently large cyclotron mass. Furthermore, this method provides a useful way to estimate the precise $g_s$ value of the material.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures
Spiral vortices traveling between two rotating defects in the Taylor-Couette system
Creators: name: Hoffmann, Ch.
name: Lücke, M.
name: Pinter, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Numerical calculations of vortex flows in Taylor-Couette systems with counter rotating cylinders are presented. The full, time dependent Navier-Stokes equations are solved with a combination of a finite difference and a Galerkin method. Annular gaps of radius ratio $η=0.5$ and of several heights are simulated. They are closed by nonrotating lids that produce localized Ekman vortices in their vicinity and that prevent axial phase propagation of spiral vortices. Existence and spatio temporal properties of rotating defects, of modulated Ekman vortices, and of the spiral vortex structures in the bulk are elucidated in quantitative detail.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures
INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVERS, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH AND OPENNESS IN THAILAND: AN INTERTEMPORAL GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS
Creators: name: Diao, Xinshen
name: Rattso, Jorn
name: Stokke, Hildegunn Ekroll
name: Diao, Xinshen
name: Rattso, Jorn
name: Stokke, Hildegunn Ekroll
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: intertemporal growth modelling
subject: endogenous productivity growth
subject: foreign technology spillover
subject: trade and growth
subject: Thailand

description: Thailand has experienced economic growth well above world averages for about 40 years. It is a challenge to understand the sources of this high growth path, and in particular why growth has not slowed down with assumed decreasing returns to capital. We develop an intertemporal general equilibrium model separating between agriculture and industry, and with open capital market and endogenous productivity growth to analyze the underlying adjustment mechanisms. Foreign technology spillover embodied in trade is assumed to be the driving force of the productivity growth, consistent with econometric evidence. The high growth experience is understood as a transition path with interaction between productivity growth, openness and capital investment. Counterfactual analysis shows how protection may have had serious detrimental effect on growth rate due to productivity and investment slowdown. The role of relative prices in constraining growth is investigated, inspired by the Acemoglu-Ventura hypothesis of growth slowdown due to terms of trade effect. In our setting, low elasticity between domestic and exports goods in supply leads to large relative price shifts for domestic goods, but promotes investment and growth during transition.
TRADE IN GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOOD: A SURVEY OF EMPIRICAL STUDIES
Creators: name: Nielsen, Chantal Pohl
name: Robinson, Sherman
name: Thierfelder, Karen
name: Nielsen, Chantal Pohl
name: Robinson, Sherman
name: Thierfelder, Karen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: International Relations/Trade
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: New advances in biotechnology have enhanced production of maize, soybeans, and cotton. Consumer reactions to the new technology have been mixed. Both the supply shock, from an increase in productivity or a reduction in input use, and the demand shock, which is determined by the consumer response to consuming GM foods, affect production, trade, and prices of GM foods. In this paper, we survey models that analyze the market effects of GM technology. The results depend on a number of important issues such as the cost of market segmentation and labeling, the nature of the productivity shock to producers of GM products, and the extent of any adverse reaction to GM products by consumers. The results from global trade models indicate that, if costs of labelling and market segmentation are not large, world markets can adjust to the various scenarios without generating extreme price differentials between GM and non-GM commodities or extreme changes in the pattern of world production and trade. Through market linkages, the benefits of the new technology tend to be spread widely, with adopters generally gaining more than non-adopters. In particular, developing countries will benefit if they can adopt the new technologies, and get mixed results if they are non-adopters.
ECONOMY-WIDE EFFECTS OF EL NINO / SOUTHERN OSCILLATION (ENSO) IN MEXICO AND THE ROLE OF IMPROVED FORECASTING AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE
Creators: name: Harris, Rebecca Lee
name: Robinson, Sherman
name: Harris, Rebecca Lee
name: Robinson, Sherman
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Weather fluctuations, such as those caused by the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), add to the riskiness associated with agricultural production. Improved predictive capacity may help ameliorate negative impacts of climate and weather shocks on agriculture, but it is possible that the benefits of an improved forecast will be distributed unevenly. In particular, poor farmers may not have access to improved forecasts, or they may not have the means to adapt to new weather information. This paper uses a stochastic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to examine the distributive effects of improved forecasting of ENSO in Mexico. The particular focus is on agriculture, one of the most vulnerable sectors in the face of ENSO, as well as a sector which provides income to many of the country's poorest households. The model is used to investigate the responsiveness of various sectors of the economy under different degrees of improved predictive capacity and improvements in agricultural technology. The CGE model used in this study is augmented with a stochastic component, which allows us to simulate a range of stochastic shocks using Monte Carlo methods. With this framework we can compute the mean values and variances of key variables, such as production levels and incomes under stochastic shocks. Given that the model is highly nonlinear, Monte Carlo methods provide information on the sources of volatility in the economy and the built- in shock absorbers that help dampen that volatility. The results show that while agricultural losses are small as a share of the overall economy, improved forecasting techniques can eliminate these losses. ENSO events harm some regions – particularly the Central, Pacific South, and South East regions – more than others. Agricultural production in these regions benefits the most from improved forecasting. Since these regions also are the regions with higher poverty, they should be targeted by policy makers who are concerned with alleviating the effects of ENSO events on the poor. The simulations also show that poor households are the least able to take advantage of improvements in forecasting, since at higher levels of preparedness agricultural production shifts to sectors from which poor households receive less income. Finally, in Mexico, ENSO events contribute only a small share of overall variability in agriculture. It might be better to focus efforts on the latter problem, in terms of improved agricultural seeds, extension services, and schemes to protect already fragile lands.
Designing Catastrophe Bonds to Securitize Systemic Risks in Agriculture: The Case of Georgia Cotton
Creators: name: Vedenov, Dmitry V.
name: Epperson, James E.
name: Barnett, Barry J.
name: Vedenov, Dmitry V.
name: Epperson, James E.
name: Barnett, Barry J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: CAT bonds
subject: catastrophe bond pricing
subject: catastrophe insurance
subject: disaster risk
subject: reinsurance
subject: risk securitization

description: This article makes an initial attempt to design catastrophe (CAT) bond products for agriculture and examines the potential of these instruments as mechanisms for transferring agricultural risks from insurance companies to investors/speculators in the global capital market. The case of Georgia cotton is considered as a specific example. The CAT bond contracts are based on percentage deviations of realized state average yields relative to the long-run average. The contracts are priced using historical state-level cotton yield data. The principal finding of the study is that the proposed CAT bonds demonstrate potential as risk transfer mechanisms for crop insurance companies.
The Economics of Manure Utilization: Model and Application
Creators: name: Keplinger, Keith O.
name: Hauck, Larry M.
name: Keplinger, Keith O.
name: Hauck, Larry M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: linear programming
subject: manure application
subject: manure transportation
subject: manure utilization
subject: manure value
subject: optimization

description: A model of manure utilization is developed and applied to four types of transportable manure. Model results highlight important response differences among manure types and generally illustrate the diseconomies of manure production. For example, as manure production increases, manure value decreases and excess phosphate applications increase, thereby increasing the potential for phosphorus runoff. Policy scenarios limiting the manure application rate reduce manure value and excess phosphate application. Increasing the ratio of land using manure increases manure value while reducing excess phosphate application. Buildup of soil nutrients reduces manure value, but either increases or decreases excess phosphate application depending on the scenario.
title: Iris (zwiebelbildende) :
title: Richtlinien für die Durchführung der Prüfung auf Unterscheidbarkeit, Homogenität und Beständigkeit.
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: International Union For The Protection Of New Varieties Of Plants,
Publisher: name: International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants,
Year: 0
Subjects: Group identity.
New Varieties of Plants
Iris (bulbous)

description: Zweck dieser Richtlinien („Prüfungsrichtlinien“) ist es, die in der Allgemeinen Einführung (Dokument TG/1/3) und deren verbundenen TGP-Dokumenten enthaltenen Grundsätze in detaillierte praktische Anleitung für die harmonisierte Prüfung der Unterscheidbarkeit, der Homogenität und der Beständigkeit (DUS) umzusetzen und insbesondere geeignete Merkmale für die DUS-Prüfung und die Erstellung harmonisierter Sortenbeschreibungen auszuweisen.
Actual Media Reports on GM Foods and Chinese Consumers' Willingness to Pay for GM Soybean Oil
Creators: name: Hu, Wuyang
name: Zhong, Funing
name: Ding, Yulian
name: Hu, Wuyang
name: Zhong, Funing
name: Ding, Yulian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Chinese consumers
subject: double-bounded
subject: soybean oil
subject: willingness to pay

description: Information has been proven to have significant impacts on consumers' behavior and willingness to pay (WTP). In this study, information on GM soybean oil is given in the form of real-life cases involving GM food. These cases recorded from actual media reports. Using a hybrid of the double-bounded and payment care elicitation approaches, Chinese consumers' WTP for soybean oil is examined both before and after these cases are presented to them. Results indicate that media reports on positive cases do not increase consumers' WTP significantly, while reports on negative cases drastically lower their WTP.
Optimal Provable Robustness of Quantum Classification via Quantum Hypothesis Testing
Creators: name: Weber, Maurice
name: Liu, Nana
name: Li, Bo
name: Zhang, Ce
name: Zhao, Zhikuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Quantum machine learning models have the potential to offer speedups and better predictive accuracy compared to their classical counterparts. However, these quantum algorithms, like their classical counterparts, have been shown to also be vulnerable to input perturbations, in particular for classification problems. These can arise either from noisy implementations or, as a worst-case type of noise, adversarial attacks. In order to develop defence mechanisms and to better understand the reliability of these algorithms, it is crucial to understand their robustness properties in presence of natural noise sources or adversarial manipulation. From the observation that measurements involved in quantum classification algorithms are naturally probabilistic, we uncover and formalize a fundamental link between binary quantum hypothesis testing and provably robust quantum classification. This link leads to a tight robustness condition which puts constraints on the amount of noise a classifier can tolerate, independent of whether the noise source is natural or adversarial. Based on this result, we develop practical protocols to optimally certify robustness. Finally, since this is a robustness condition against worst-case types of noise, our result naturally extends to scenarios where the noise source is known. Thus, we also provide a framework to study the reliability of quantum classification protocols beyond the adversarial, worst-case noise scenarios.
description: 28 pages, 5 figures
Testing for the Efficiency of a Policy Intended to Meet Objectives: General Model and Application
Creators: name: Streicher, Gerhard
name: Schmid, Erwin
name: Salhofer, Klaus
name: Streicher, Gerhard
name: Schmid, Erwin
name: Salhofer, Klaus
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: agricultural policy
subject: policy efficiency
subject: statistical policy analysis

description: This study presents a general model demonstrating how to measure the (in)efficiency of a policy intended to meet objectives. If it is assumed that the government has available only those policy instruments it actually utilizes, our method is a test as to whether the government combines these instruments efficiently. In addition, one could also include other policy instruments, which are not actually used, but are available to the government. Our general model is applied to bread grain policy in Austria. The primary result is that the policy was quite inefficient in meeting the two main objectives of farm income support and self-sufficiency. The stochastic nature of our efficiency measures is acknowledged by taking into account the inherent uncertainty of model parameters. A response surface function is used to identify those parameters which contribute most to model output uncertainty.
Accuracy requirements for the calculation of gravitational waveforms from coalescing compact binaries in numerical relativity
Creators: name: Miller, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I discuss the accuracy requirements on numerical relativity calculations of inspiraling compact object binaries whose extracted gravitational waveforms are to be used as templates for matched filtering signal extraction and physical parameter estimation in modern interferometric gravitational wave detectors. Using a post-Newtonian point particle model for the pre-merger phase of the binary inspiral, I calculate the maximum allowable errors for the mass and relative velocity and positions of the binary during numerical simulations of the binary inspiral. These maximum allowable errors are compared to the errors of state-of-the-art numerical simulations of multiple-orbit binary neutron star calculations in full general relativity, and are found to be smaller by several orders of magnitude. A post-Newtonian model for the error of these numerical simulations suggests that adaptive mesh refinement coupled with second order accurate finite difference codes will {\it not} be able to robustly obtain the accuracy required for reliable gravitational wave extraction on Terabyte-scale computers. I conclude that higher order methods (higher order finite difference methods and/or spectral methods) combined with adaptive mesh refinement and/or multipatch technology will be needed for robustly accurate gravitational wave extraction from numerical relativity calculations of binary coalescence scenarios.
description: One figure added, various clarifications and references added; accepted to Phys. Rev. D
The Value of USDA Situation and Outlook Information in Hog and Cattle Markets
Creators: name: Good, Darrel L.
name: Irwin, Scott H.
name: Isengildina, Olga
name: Good, Darrel L.
name: Irwin, Scott H.
name: Isengildina, Olga
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: cattle
subject: event study
subject: hogs
subject: livestock
subject: public information
subject: TARCH model
subject: USDA reports

description: This study investigates the impact of six major USDA reports in hog and cattle markets: Cattle; Cattle on Feed; Cold Storage; Hogs and Pigs; Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry Outlook (LDPO); and World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE). A TARCH-in-mean model, with dummy variables to measure the impact of USDA reports and other external factors, is used to model close-to-open live-lean hog and live cattle futures returns from January 1985 through December 2004. The analysis revealed a statistically significant impact of all but Cattle and Cold Storage reports in live/lean hog futures, and all but Cold Storage reports in live cattle futures. Hogs and Pigs reports had the highest impact on live/lean hog returns by increasing conditional standard deviation 96%. Cattle, Cattle on Feed, and Hogs and Pigs reports had the highest impact on live cattle returns by increasing conditional standard deviation between 26% and 37.5%.
DeepBeam: Deep Waveform Learning for Coordination-Free Beam Management in mmWave Networks
Creators: name: Polese, Michele
name: Restuccia, Francesco
name: Melodia, Tommaso
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Highly directional millimeter wave (mmWave) radios need to perform beam management to establish and maintain reliable links. To do so, existing solutions mostly rely on explicit coordination between the transmitter (TX) and the receiver (RX), which significantly reduces the airtime available for communication and further complicates the network protocol design. This paper advances the state of the art by presenting DeepBeam, a framework for beam management that does not require pilot sequences from the TX, nor any beam sweeping or synchronization from the RX. This is achieved by inferring (i) the Angle of Arrival (AoA) of the beam and (ii) the actual beam being used by the transmitter through waveform-level deep learning on ongoing transmissions between the TX to other receivers. In this way, the RX can associate Signal-to-Noise-Ratio (SNR) levels to beams without explicit coordination with the TX. This is possible because different beam patterns introduce different impairments to the waveform, which can be subsequently learned by a convolutional neural network (CNN). We conduct an extensive experimental data collection campaign where we collect more than 4 TB of mmWave waveforms with (i) 4 phased array antennas at 60.48 GHz, (ii) 2 codebooks containing 24 one-dimensional beams and 12 two-dimensional beams; (iii) 3 receiver gains; (iv) 3 different AoAs; (v) multiple TX and RX locations. Moreover, we collect waveform data with two custom-designed mmWave software-defined radios with fully-digital beamforming architectures at 58 GHz. Results show that DeepBeam (i) achieves accuracy of up to 96%, 84% and 77% with a 5-beam, 12-beam and 24-beam codebook, respectively; (ii) reduces latency by up to 7x with respect to the 5G NR initial beam sweep in a default configuration and with a 12-beam codebook. The waveform dataset and the full DeepBeam code repository are publicly available.
description: 10 pages, 15 figures. Please cite it as M. Polese, F. Restuccia, and T. Melodia, "DeepBeam: Deep Waveform Learning for Coordination-Free Beam Management in mmWave Networks", Proc. of ACM Intl. Symp. on Theory, Algorithmic Foundations, and Protocol Design for Mobile Networks and Mobile Computing (ACM MobiHoc), October 2021
Restricted Opportunities, Personal Choices, Ineffective Policies: What Explains Food Insecurity in Oregon?
Creators: name: Edwards, Mark Evan
name: Weber, Bruce A.
name: Bernell, Stephanie L.
name: Edwards, Mark Evan
name: Weber, Bruce A.
name: Bernell, Stephanie L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: food insecurity
subject: food stamps
subject: hunger
subject: rural residence

description: This study examines the extent to which household demographics, local economic and social conditions, and federal food security programs explain the likelihood of household food insecurity in Oregon. Between 1999 and 2001, Oregon had the highest average rate of hunger in the nation and ranked in the top five states with respect to food insecurity. Statistical analyses using a multivariate logit model reveal that food insecurity is influenced by much more than demographics and individual choices. County-level factors such as residential location (urban versus rural) and housing costs significantly affect the likelihood that families will be food insecure.
Effect of channel block on the spiking activity of excitable membranes in a stochastic Hodgkin-Huxley model
Creators: name: Schmid, Gerhard
name: Goychuk, Igor
name: Hanggi, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The influence of intrinsic channel noise on the spontaneous spiking activity of poisoned excitable membrane patches is studied by use of a stochastic generalization of the Hodgkin-Huxley model. Internal noise stemming from the stochastic dynamics of individual ion channels is known to affect the collective properties of the whole ion channel cluster. For example, there exists an optimal size of the membrane patch for which the internal noise alone causes a regular spontaneous generation of action potentials. In addition to varying the size of ion channel clusters, living organisms may adapt the densities of ion channels in order to optimally regulate the spontaneous spiking activity. The influence of channel block on the excitability of a membrane patch of certain size is twofold: First, a variation of ion channel densities primarily yields a change of the conductance level. Second, a down-regulation of working ion channels always increases the channel noise. While the former effect dominates in the case of sodium channel block resulting in a reduced spiking activity, the latter enhances the generation of spontaneous action potentials in the case of a tailored potassium channel blocking. Moreover, by blocking some portion of either potassium or sodium ion channels, it is possible to either increase or to decrease the regularity of the spike train.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures, published 2004
Renormalization Group Improvement of the Effective Potential: an EFT Approach
Creators: name: Manohar, Aneesh V.
name: Nardoni, Emily
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply effective field theory (EFT) methods to compute the renormalization group improved effective potential for theories with a large mass hierarchy. Our method allows one to compute the effective potential in a systematic expansion in powers of the mass ratio, as well as to sum large logarithms of mass ratios using renormalization group evolution. The effective potential is the sum of one-particle irreducible diagrams (1PI) but information about which diagrams are 1PI is lost after matching to the EFT, since heavy lines get shrunk to a point. We therefore introduce a tadpole condition in place of the 1PI condition, and use the renormalization group improved value of the tadpole in computing the effective potential. We explain why the effective potential computed using an EFT is not the same as the effective potential of the EFT. We illustrate our method using the $O(N)$ model, a theory of two scalars in the unbroken and broken phases, and the Higgs-Yukawa model. Our leading-log result, obtained by integrating the one-loop $β$-functions, correctly reproduces the log-squared term in explicit two-loop calculations. Our method does not have a Goldstone boson infrared divergence problem.
description: Added a section explaining why the EFT method does not suffer from the Goldstone boson infrared divergence problem. Typos fixed
Neutrino amplitude decomposition in matter
Creators: name: Minakata, Hisakazu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observation of the interference between the atmospheric-scale and solar-scale oscillations is one of the challenging and tantalizing goals of the ongoing and upcoming neutrino experiments. An inevitable first step required for such analyses is to establish the way of how the oscillation $S$ matrix can be decomposed into the atmospheric and solar waves, the procedure dubbed as the amplitude decomposition. In this paper, with use of the perturbative framework proposed by Denton et al. (DMP), we establish the prescription for amplitude decomposition which covers the whole kinematical region of the terrestrial neutrino experiments. We analyze the limits to the atmospheric- and solar-resonance regions to argue that the dynamical two modes of the DMP decomposition can be interpreted as the matter-dressed atmospheric and solar oscillations. The expressions of the oscillation probability, which are decomposed into the non-interference and interference terms, are derived for all the relevant flavor oscillation channels. Through construction of the DMP decomposition, we reveal the nature of $ψ$ ($θ_{12}$ in matter) symmetry as due to the $S$ matrix rephasing invariance. A new picture of the DMP perturbation theory emerged, a unified perturbative framework for neutrino oscillation in earth matter.
description: An overall factor $\sin 2 \phi$ lacked in $P(\nu_{e} \rightarrow \nu_{e})^{(1)}$ recovered
Screening adsorbents for a layered adsorbent bed for Hydrogen separation using breakthrough experiments
Creators: name: Kovacevic, Stevo B.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The aim of the present study was to apply the breakthrough experiment to screen and select adsorbents used for gas purification. Layered adsorbent beds employed in the Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) process for hydrogen purification from Steam Methane Reforming and Partial Oxidation product gasses use activated carbon and 5A molecular sieve in the first and second layer, respectively. Few studies on the use of alternative adsorbents have been reported and the present study was aimed at investigating new adsorbents and generating the adsorption data required to assess the adsorbents suitability for hydrogen purification using PSA. The adsorption of CO₂, CO, CH₄ and N₂ on 7 adsorbents, activated alumina AA- 300, CBV 780 zeolite, PCB activated carbon, MHSZ-177 zeolite, 13X, 5A, and VSA6 molecular sieves were investigated using the breakthrough experiment. The first four adsorbents (AA, CBV780, PCB carbon, and MHSZ-177) were considered as candidates for the first adsorbent layer, which is typically an activated carbon. The last three (13X,5A and VSA6) were candidates for the second adsorbent layer which is typically a 5A molecular sieve The first and second moments, height of equivalent theoretical plates, HETP, axial dispersion coefficient, DL, Henry's equilibrium constant, and the adsorbtion isotherm for each adsorbent/sorbate system were extracted from the breakthrough data. These data were used to select the most promising adsorbents for the first and second adsorbent layer. The MHSZ-177 and VSA6, respectively, were found to be the most promising candidates for the first and second adsorbent layer of adsorbent beds. The VSA6 had the sharpest mass transfer zone, MTZ and the longest retention time for all light sorbates and therefore was the most promising candidate for the second adsorbent layer. The MHSZ177 had the highest retention time for CO2 and despite having a broader MTZ than activated carbon it had the higher selectivities for CO2 with regard to light sorbates. This put MHSZ-117 in front of activated carbon as the choice for the first layer. The values for DL calculated from the averaged breakthrough data were in very good agreement with the published values.
Study of Lattice QCD Form Factors Using the Extended Gari-Krumpelmann Model
Creators: name: Matevosyan, Hrayr H.
name: Thomas, Anthony W.
name: Miller, Gerald A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the suitability of a modern vector meson dominance (VMD) model as a method for chiral extrapolation of nucleon electromagnetic form factor simulations in lattice QCD. It is found that the VMD fits to experimental data can be readily generalized to describe the lattice simulations. However, the converse is not true. That is, the VMD form is unsuitable as a method of extrapolation of lattice simulations at large quark mass to the physical regime.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures
Possible hot spots excited by the relativistic jets of Cygnus X-3
Creators: name: Marti, J.
name: Perez-Ramirez, D.
name: Garrido, J. L.
name: Luque-Escamilla, P.
name: Paredes, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a deep search for associated radio features in the vicinity of the microquasar Cygnus X-3. The motivation behind is to find out evidence for interaction between its relativistic jets and the surrounding interstellar medium, which could eventually allow us to perform calorimetry of the total energy released by this microquasar during its flaring lifetime. Remarkably, two radio sources with mJy emission level at centimeter wavelengths have been detected in excellent alignment with the position angle of the inner radio jets. We propose that these objects could be the hot spots where the relativitic outflow collides with the ambient gas in analogy with Fanaroff-Riley II radio galaxies. These candidate hot spots are within a few arc-minutes of Cygnus X-3 and, if physically related, the full linear extent of the jet would reach tens of parsecs. We discuss here the evidence currently available to support this hypothesis based on both archival data and our own observations.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A; 8 pages, 3 figures
Evaluation of a Vibratory Roller for use in Compacting Bituminous Concrete Mixes
Creators: name: Deen, Robert C.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1961
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: According to Article 4.3.5-D-1 of the 1956 Edition of Kentucky's Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, a minimum of two rollers, one 3-wheeled roller and one tandem roller, shall be required on each state project involving bituminous concrete paving operations. A further requirement of the specifications is that additional rollers will be provided so that there is avaHable "...at least one roller for each 30 tons of the bituminous mixture per hour..." that is laid. This, of course, means that for paving operations involving the laying of the bituminous mixture at rapid rates, the contractor must have available and make use of an increased number of rollers.  With the wide spread use in Kentucky of dense graded aggregate as a base course material, there is also an increased use of vibratory rollers to obtain the desired densities of the base. Very often then, the paving contractor will have available on the job site such vibratory compacting equipment. Current practice does not permit the use of this equipment for compacting the bituminous mixture and thus the vibratory roller usually stands idle during the laying of the bituminous mixture. From the contractor's point of view, it would be highly desirable if this equipment could be used to satisfy the specification requirements for the additional rollers as stated by Article 4.3.5-D-1 and thus reduce the contractor's in vestment in compacting equipment.
Gravitational Wave Detection with Photometric Surveys
Creators: name: Wang, Yijun
name: Pardo, Kris
name: Chang, Tzu-Ching
name: Doré, Olivier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational wave (GW) detections have enriched our understanding of the universe. To date, all single-source GW events were found by interferometer-type detectors. We study a detection method using astrometric solutions from photometric surveys and demonstrate that it offers a highly flexible frequency range, uniquely complementing existing detection methods. From repeated point-source astrometric measurements, we may extract GW-induced deflections and infer wave parameters. This method can be applied to any photometric surveys measuring relative astrometry. We show that high-cadence observations of the galactic bulge, such as offered by the Roman Space Telescope's Exoplanet MicroLensing (EML) survey, can be a potent GW probe with complementary frequency range to Gaia, pulsar timing arrays (PTAs), and the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). We calculate that the Roman EML survey is sensitive to GWs with frequencies ranging from $7.7\times10^{-8}$Hz to $5.6\times10^{-4}$Hz, which opens up a unique GW observing window for supermassive black hole binaries and their waveform evolution. While the detection threshold assuming the currently expected performance proves too high for detecting individual GWs in light of the expected supermassive black hole binary population distribution, we show that binaries with chirp mass $M_c>10^{8.3}~M_\odot$ out to 100 Mpc can be detected if the telescope is able to achieve an astrometric accuracy of 0.11 mas. To confidently detect binaries with $M_c>10^{7}~M_\odot$ out to 50 Mpc, a factor of 100 sensitivity improvement is required. We propose several improvement strategies, including recovering the mean astrometric deflection and increasing astrometric accuracy, number of observed stars, field-of-view size, and observational cadence. We discuss how other existing and planned photometric surveys could contribute to detecting GWs via astrometry.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures. Figures and some texts were modified without significant changes to the conclusion. To be published in PRD
Precision measurement of light shifts in a single trapped Ba$^+$ ion
Creators: name: Sherman, J. A.
name: Koerber, T. W.
name: Markhotok, A.
name: Nagourney, W.
name: Fortson, E. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a single trapped barium ion we have developed an rf spectroscopy technique to measure the ratio of the off-resonant vector ac Stark effect (or light shift) in the 6S_{1/2} and 5D_{3/2} states to 0.1% precision. We find R = Delta_S / Delta_D = -11.494(13) at 514.531 nm where Delta_{S,D} are the light shifts of the m = +/- 1/2 splittings due to circularly polarized light. Comparison of this result with an ab initio calculation of R would yield a new test of atomic theory. By appropriately choosing an off-resonant light shift wavelength one can emphasize the contribution of one or a few dipole matrix elements and precisely determine their values.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures, in submission to PRL
Pseudogaps in Strongly Correlated Metals: A generalized dynamical mean-field theory approach
Creators: name: Sadovskii, M. V.
name: Nekrasov, I. A.
name: Kuchinskii, E. Z.
name: Pruschke, Th.
name: Anisimov, V. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We generalize the dynamical-mean field (DMFT) approximation by including into the DMFT equations some length scale via a momentum dependent ``external'' self-energy S(k). This external self-energy describes non-local dynamical correlations induced by short-ranged collective SDW-like antiferromagnetic spin (or CDW-like charge) fluctuations. At high enough temperatures these fluctuations can be viewed as a quenched Gaussian random field with finite correlation length. This generalized DMFT+Sk approach is used for the numerical solution of the weakly doped one-band Hubbard model with repulsive Coulomb interaction on a square lattice with nearest and next nearest neighbour hopping. The effective single impurity problem in this generalized DMFT+Sk is solved by numerical renormalization group (NRG). Both types of strongly correlated metals, namely (i) doped Mott insulator and (ii) the case of bandwidth W~U (U - value of local Coulomb interaction) are considered. Densities of states, spectral functions and ARPES spectra calculated within DMFT+Sk show a pseudogap formation near the Fermi level of the quasiparticle band.
description: 35 pages, 12 figures, extended version of cond-mat/0502612 as accepted in PRB
Kwak'wala elicitation on the linguistic expression of causation
Creators: name: Dawson Cranmer, Ruby
name: Sardinha, Julie
name: Sardinha, Katie
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: kwk
subject: Kwak'wala language

description: Elicitation on various topics, including: 'let' causatives, indirect causation, instruments as subjects, mental causation, and adverbs.
A Method for the Design of Foundations Supporting Highway Signs
Creators: name: Deen, Robert C.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1961
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: With the increased mileage of highways being built to high standards, the resulting high-speed travel requires that more and larger signs be installed to relay to the motoring public information they require. It would be desirable to have a method of design which will result in a foundation involving rather simple construction procedures. It was decided that a cylindrical, non-reinforced concrete foundation with an uniform diameter would be the most advantageous for construction purposes. It should be realized, however, tha(the most efficient shape theoretically is one that has increased diameters at the top and the bottom.  The resistance of a soil to the tilting forces induced in a sign foundation by forces acting on the sign are difficult to evaluate. However, there is a need for a method by which approximate analyses can be made so that the diameter and length of the cylindrical foundation can be determined. The errors in assumptions or solution must, of course, be kept on the side of safety.
The Variable-Rate Input Application Decision for Multiple Inputs with Interactions
Creators: name: Roberts, Roland K.
name: English, Burton C.
name: Larson, James A.
name: Roberts, Roland K.
name: English, Burton C.
name: Larson, James A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: breakeven analysis
subject: cotton
subject: economic feasibility
subject: multiple-inputs
subject: precision farming
subject: variable-rate technology

description: Research has evaluated the relative profitability of variable-rate (VRT) versus uniform-rate (URT) application of a single input in fields with multiple management zones. This study addresses map-based VRT decisions for multiple inputs in fields with multiple management zones. The decision-making framework is illustrated for nitrogen and water applied to irrigated cotton in fields with three management zones. Results suggest traditional methods of determining VRT application of a single input may by suboptimal if interactions exist among VRT inputs and URT inputs. Implications are that a systems approach to multiple-input VRT decisions can produce increased net returns to VRT.
A Battle of Taste and Environmental Convictions for Ecolabeled Seafood: A Contingent Ranking Experiment
Creators: name: Johnston, Robert J.
name: Roheim, Cathy A.
name: Johnston, Robert J.
name: Roheim, Cathy A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: conjoint
subject: contingent ranking
subject: ecolabel
subject: seafood
subject: stated preference

description: Consumers face pressure from environmental groups to modify their seafood purchase decisions based on concerns about fisheries' production practices. Existing research provides little information indicating whether seafood consumers are willing to change purchasing behavior based on a product's environmental attributes, to the exclusion of other attributes. We describe a contingent ranking experiment addressing preferences for fresh seafood, allowing for choices among different species, some displaying an ecolabel. Results suggest consumers consider overfishing sufficiently important to contemplate changing the species of fish they buy; however, they are unwilling to choose a less-favored species based solely on the presence of an ecolabel.
Portland Cement Stabilization of Western Kentucky Gravels
Creators: name: Deen, Robert C.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1961
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: It has been known for some time that some Western Kentucky bank gravels perform rather poorly as base or shoulder material. In the fall of 1956, the Division of Research participated in the experimental design and evaluation of a group of ten rural highway base stabilization projects. Two of these projects, one in Ballard County and one in Marshall County involved the stabilization of Western Kentucky bank gravels with a bituminous material; AE-200, a mixing-type emulsion, was used.  The performance of these bitumirlous-stabilized gravels has not been entirely satisfactory. Even though little tendency was noted for the asphalt to bleed to the surface, some sections were deeply marked and remarked by each passing vehicle. It may have been that the addition of the bituminous material served to lubricate rather than cement the materials together.  It was pointed out in the above mentioned report that Western Kentucky gravels have usually been treated with bituminous materials or calcium chloride in attempted stabilizations with generally unsatisfactory results. It was pointed out that portland cement, lime, or limefly ash might be more successfully used to stabilize these gravels.  To further investigate these bank gravels, a preliminary laboratory study has been made on two samples from the Jackson Purchase Region. The area from which the samples were taken represents the highest elevations in the undulating plain of the Purchase Region - the ridges in the area consist of chert and limestone of Mississippian age capped by the Tuscaloosa gravel or the Lafayette formation.