cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Largest GWAS of PTSD (N=20 070) yields genetic overlap with schizophrenia and sex differences in heritability
Creators: name: Ratanatharathorn, A.
name: Daly, M.J.
name: Yehuda, R.
name: Stein, D.J.
name: Farrer, L.A.
name: Kessler, R.C.
name: Duncan, L.E.
name: Maihofer, A.X.
name: Ressler, K.J.
name: Chen, C.-Y.
name: Logue, M.W.
name: Ashley-Koch, A.E.
name: Dalvie, S.
name: Miller, M.W.
name: Morey, R.A.
name: Garrett, M.E.
name: Stein, M.B.
name: Martin, A.R.
name: Johnson, E.O.
name: Guffanti, G.
name: Liberzon, I.
name: Uddin, M.
name: King, A.
name: Saccone, N.L.
name: Koen, N.
name: Beckham, J.C.
name: Sumner, J.A.
name: Bierut, L.J.
name: Gelernter, J.E.
name: Rice, J.P.
name: Almli, L.M.
name: Smoller, J.W.
name: Roberts, A.L.
name: Hauser, M.A.
name: Ashley-Koch, A.E.
name: Bradley, B.
name: Bisson, J.
name: Ripke, S.
name: Amstadter, A.B.
name: Ursano, R.J.
name: Kranzler, H.R.
name: Aiello, A.E.
name: Nugent, N.R.
name: Kimbrel, N.A.
name: Nievergelt, C.M.
name: Galea, S.
name: Wildman, D.E.
name: Zhao, H.
name: Koenen, K.C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: The Psychiatric Genomics Consortium-Posttraumatic Stress Disorder group (PGC-PTSD) combined genome-wide case-control molecular genetic data across 11 multiethnic studies to quantify PTSD heritability, to examine potential shared genetic risk with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder and to identify risk loci for PTSD. Examining 20 730 individuals, we report a molecular genetics-based heritability estimate (h 2 SNP) for European-American females of 29% that is similar to h 2 SNP for schizophrenia and is substantially higher than h 2 SNP in European-American males (estimate not distinguishable from zero). We found strong evidence of overlapping genetic risk between PTSD and schizophrenia along with more modest evidence of overlap with bipolar and major depressive disorder. No single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) exceeded genome-wide significance in the transethnic (overall) meta-analysis and we do not replicate previously reported associations. Still, SNP-level summary statistics made available here afford the best-available molecular genetic index of PTSD - for both European- and African-American individuals - and can be used in polygenic risk prediction and genetic correlation studies of diverse phenotypes. Publication of summary statistics for 1/410 000 African Americans contributes to the broader goal of increased ancestral diversity in genomic data resources. In sum, the results demonstrate genetic influences on the development of PTSD, identify shared genetic risk between PTSD and other psychiatric disorders and highlight the importance of multiethnic/racial samples. As has been the case with schizophrenia and other complex genetic disorders, larger sample sizes are needed to identify specific risk loci.
$^{235}$U nuclear relaxation rates in an itinerant antiferromagnet USb$_2$
Creators: name: Baek, S. -H.
name: Curro, N. J.
name: Sakai, H.
name: Bauer, E. D.
name: Cooley, J. C.
name: Smith, J. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: $^{235}$U nuclear spin-lattice ($T_1^{-1}$) and spin-spin ($T_2^{-1}$) relaxation rates in the itinerant antiferromagnet USb$_2$ are reported as a function of temperature in zero field. The heating effect from the intense rf pulses that are necessary for the $^{235}$U NMR results in unusual complex thermal recovery of the nuclear magnetization which does not allow measuring $T_1^{-1}$ directly. By implementing an indirect method, however, we successfully extracted $T_1^{-1}$ of the $^{235}$U. We find that the temperature dependence of $T_1^{-1}$ for both $^{235}$U and $^{121}$Sb follows the power law ($\propto T^n$) with the small exponent $n=0.3$ suggesting that the same relaxation mechanism dominates the on-site and the ligand nuclei, but an anomaly at 5 K was observed, possibly due to the change in the transferred hyperfine coupling on the Sb site.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in PRB as a regular article
Australian Antarctic scientists : consciousness and behaviour
Creators: name: Widolf, HE
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: A growing number of contemporary authors are acknowledging that the quality of consciousness of global human society is less-than-ideal. Qualities affiliated with materialism, such as selfishness and greed, are recognised as root causes of the widespread exploitation of the Earth's natural resources. The nurturing of qualities such as high ethical standards, adherence to scriptural knowledge and concern about spiritual matters, is recognised as being increasingly forsaken for the development of qualities such as interest in economic advancement and concern about personal sense enjoyment. Deterioration of the Earth's natural environment has been acknowledged as a consequence of such poorer qualities of human consciousness. As environmental scientists play a key role in determining the direction of environmental management, an investigation was carried out into their quality of consciousness. The study sample was the Australian Antarctic scientific community, whose research findings contribute towards both national and international environmental policy and management. Research methodology included the ancient Vedic triguna and the Buddhist Theravada Abhidharma, two systems of psychological evaluation that determine qualitative standards of consciousness in relation to behaviour. The triguna is comprised of three qualitative levels of consciousness: sattva guna, the mode of goodness (including characteristics such as greater and real knowledge and showing compassion towards others); rajas guna, the mode of passion (e.g. adherence to mundane knowledge and sense enjoyment); and tamas guna, the mode of ignorance (e.g. inertia and destructiveness). Abhidharma factors include Positive Mental Events (e.g. decorum/consideration for others), Negative Mental Events (e.g. lack of a sense of propriety/inconsideration for others) and Negative Emotions (e.g. attachment). Paramitas (perfections) representing ideal behavioural factors (e.g. morality and loving-kindness) were also included in collecting and processing data. Data collection items included an inventory/questionnaire based on the triguna, an interview series based on scientists' perspectives on their own professional lives, an examination of Australian Antarctic science literature, and an additional questionnaire addressing ideal guna characteristics in relation to environmental science goals. Results revealed that Australian Antarctic scientists predominate within rajas guna and are predominated by Negative Mental Events. Symptoms of predominance within rajas guna include distortion of the intellect due to too much activity; anxiety; and misery. A predominance of Abhidharma Negative Mental Events means a decline in wholesome behaviours and an increase in unwholesome behaviours. Anticipated ramifications of such predominance on behalf of Australian Antarctic scientists, for Antarctic and global natural environments, include their increasing deterioration as they are managed under sub-standard policies.
Epigenetic meta-analysis across three civilian cohorts identifies NRG1 and HGS as blood-based biomarkers for post-traumatic stress disorder
Creators: name: Bromet, E.J.
name: Ressler, K.J.
name: Wildman, D.E.
name: Ratanatharathorn, A.
name: Galea, S.
name: Armstrong, D.
name: Uddin, M.
name: Luft, B.
name: Aiello, A.E.
name: Smith, A.
name: Kuan, P.-F.
name: Nievergelt, C.M.
name: Koenen, K.C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Aim: Trauma exposure is a necessary, but not deterministic, contributor to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Epigenetic factors may distinguish between trauma-exposed individuals with versus without PTSD. Materials & methods: We conducted a meta-analysis of PTSD epigenome-wide association studies in trauma-exposed cohorts drawn from civilian contexts. Whole blood-derived DNA methylation levels were analyzed in 545 study participants, drawn from the three civilian cohorts participating in the PTSD working group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. Results: Two CpG sites significantly associated with current PTSD in NRG1 (cg23637605) and in HGS (cg19577098). Conclusion: PTSD is associated with differential methylation, measured in blood, within HGS and NRG1 across three civilian cohorts.
title: Speeches by Secretary of Transportation Samuel K. Skinner: January-March 1989
Creators: name: Skinner, Samuel  1938-
name: United States Department of Transportation
Publisher: name: United States Department of Transportation
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/02xfw2e90
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 1989
Subjects: classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/87904
subject: Transportation
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/88891
subject: Transportation policy
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/89768
subject: Transportation planning
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/90595
subject: Transportation safety
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/91422
subject: Economic and social factors
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/92116
subject: Federal government
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/92130
subject: Transportation departments

description: One zipped folder containing digitized PDFs. See the Secretary of Transportation Speeches Collection's finding aid at: https://ntl.as.atlas-sys.com/repositories/2/resources/4
description: Speeches by Secretary of Transportation Samuel K. Skinner from January 1989 through March 1989.
Additional file 1 of Cost-effectiveness of pharmaceutical strategies to prevent respiratory syncytial virus disease in young children: a decision-support model for use in low-income and middle-income countries
Creators: name: Mahmud, Sarwat
name: Baral, Ranju
name: Sanderson, Colin
name: Pecenka, Clint
name: Jit, Mark
name: Li, You
name: Clark, Andrew
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Additional details on methods, calculations, disease input parameters, results of the comparison exercise, sensitivity, and scenario analysis. Table S1-S13 and  Figure S1-S8. Table S1. Definitions of disease categories. TableS2. Severe RSV disease, aged <5 years (per 100,000 children, per year). Table S3. Non-severe RSV, aged <5 years (per 100,000 children, per year). Table S4. Incidence of asthma in 2019, aged <5 years (per 100,000 children per year). Table S5. RSV mortality rate, aged <5 years (per 100,000 children per year). Table S6. Hospital admission rates, aged <5 years (per 100,000 children per year). Table S7. Incidence of clinic visits for severe RSV, aged 5 years (per 100,000 children, per year). Table S8. Incidence of clinic visits for non-severe RSV, aged 5 years (per 100,000 children, per year). Figure S1. Age distribution of severeRSV-ALRI cases in first year of life. Figure S2. Age distribution of non-severe and severe RSV-ALRI cases by age infirst year of life. Table S9. Estimates of maternal coverage (using ANC) as a proxy for maternal RSV vaccineand national immunization coverage of existing vaccines as a proxy for mAb. Figure S3. Efficacy scenarios used formaternal vaccination and monoclonal antibody. Table S10. WHO checklist for appraisal of economic evaluation andmodel comparison exercise. Table S11. Description of alternative scenarios. FigureS4. Percentage of 133 LMICs willing to pay for mAb RSV intervention. Figure S5. Percentage of 133 LMICswilling to pay for maternal vaccine RSV intervention. Figure S6. Percentage difference in cost per DALY averted in alow-income country, relative to baseline cost of US$3 for mAb and US$36, when each parameter is varied by +/-10%. Figure S7. Percentage difference in cost per DALY averted in a middle-income country, relative to baseline cost of US$733 for mAb and US$929 for maternal vaccine, when each parameter is varied by +/-10%. Table S12. Comparison of maternal vaccine estimates by UNIVAC model and PATH model for the 2025 birth cohort in 133 LMICs. Table S13. Comparison of monoclonal antibody estimates by UNIVAC model and PATH model for the 2025 birth cohort in 133 LMICs. Figure S8. LSHTM (UNIVAC) and PATH model comparison of the percentage of 133 LMICs willing to pay for RSV intervention compared to status quo.
Pan-Continental Droughts in North America over the Last Millennium
Creators: Cook, Benjamin I.
Smerdon, Jason E.
Seager, Richard
Cook, Edward R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Droughts
Paleoclimatology
Meteorology
Atmosphere

description: Regional droughts are common in North America, but pan-continental droughts extending across multiple regions, including the 2012 event, are rare relative to single-region events. Here, the tree-ring-derived North American Drought Atlas is used to investigate drought variability in four regions over the last millennium, focusing on pan-continental droughts. During the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA), the central plains (CP), Southwest (SW), and Southeast (SE) regions experienced drier conditions and increased occurrence of droughts and the Northwest (NW) experienced several extended pluvials. Enhanced MCA aridity in the SW and CP manifested as multidecadal megadroughts. Notably, megadroughts in these regions differed in their timing and persistence, suggesting that they represent regional events influenced by local dynamics rather than a unified, continental-scale phenomena. There is no trend in pan-continental drought occurrence, defined as synchronous droughts in three or more regions. SW, CP, and SE (SW+CP+SE) droughts are the most common, occurring in 12% of all years and peaking in prevalence during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries; patterns involving three other regions occur in about 8% of years. Positive values of the Southern Oscillation index (La Niña conditions) are linked to SW, CP, and SE (SW+CP+SE) droughts and SW, CP, and NW (SW+CP+NW) droughts, whereas CP, NW, and SE (CP+NW+SE) droughts are associated with positive values of the Pacific decadal oscillation and Atlantic multidecadal oscillation. While relatively rare, pan-continental droughts are present in the paleo record and are linked to defined modes of climate variability, implying the potential for seasonal predictability. Assuming stable drought teleconnections, these events will remain an important feature of future North American hydroclimate, possibly increasing in their severity in step with other expected hydroclimate responses to increased greenhouse gas forcing.
Extraction study on recovery of nickel (II) from concentrated chloride medium with N,N′-bis(salicylaldeyde)ethylenediimine in the presence of CTAB and Brij® 35 surfactants
Creators: name: Benfettouma, Zeyneb
name: Youcef, Mohammed Hadj
name: Benabdallah, Tayeb
name: Reffas, Hasnia
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: New extraction systems have been developed for recovery of nickel(II) from concentrated saline chloride medium (1 M) via the use of the chelating extractant, N,N′ Bis(salicylaldeyde) ethylenediimine (H2SALEN), and different surfactants namely, cetyltrimethyl, ammonium, bromide (CTAB) and polyoxyethylene (23), dodecyl either (Brij® 35).The effects of the main experimental parameters such as extraction time, pH, extractant concentration and surfactant concentration on the extraction process of nickel(II) with H2SALEN alone and H2SALEN-surfactant mixture at 30 °C were studied and compared. The findings of the examination revealed a good recovery (E = 70–80%) of nickel with H2SALEN alone in various solvents (chloroform, toluene and methylisobutylketone) in the acidic pH range (4–5). The addition of both CTAB and Brij® 35 to the aqueous phase resulted in a remarkable increase in the rate of nickel extraction by reducing the extraction time from 4 hours to 20–30 minutes. The stoichiometries of the extracted species and extraction constants were ascertained by slope analysis method. The surfactant-based extraction systems have shown high extractability and a fast separation of Ni (II) into chloroform than with the reported ones. The extraction mechanisms of nickel have been suggested.
Repeating head-on collisions in an optical trap and the evaluation of spin-dependent interactions among neutral particles
Creators: name: Li, Zhibing
name: Chen, Zhifeng
name: He, Yanzhang
name: Bao, Chengguang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A dynamic process of repeating collisions of a pair of trapped neutral particles with weak spin-dependent interaction is designed and studied. Related theoretical derivation and numerical calculation have been performed to study the inherent coordinate-spin and momentum-spin correlation. Due to the repeating collisions the effect of the weak interaction can be accumulated and enlarged, and therefore can be eventually detected. Numerical results suggest that the Cr-Cr interaction, which has not yet been completely clear, could be thereby determined. The design can be in general used to determine various interactions among neutral atoms and molecules, in particular for the determination of very weak forces.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures
Particle Acceleration in Cosmic Sites - Astrophysics Issues in our Understanding of Cosmic Rays
Creators: name: Diehl, Roland
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Laboratory experiments to explore plasma conditions and stimulated particle acceleration can illuminate aspects of the cosmic particle acceleration process. Here we discuss the cosmic-ray candidate source object variety, and what has been learned about their particle-acceleration characteristics. We identify open issues as discussed among astrophysicists. -- The cosmic ray differential intensity spectrum is a rather smooth power-law spectrum, with two kinks at the "knee" (~10^15 eV) and at the "ankle" (~3 10^18 eV). It is unclear if these kinks are related to boundaries between different dominating sources, or rather related to characteristics of cosmic-ray propagation. We believe that Galactic sources dominate up to 10^17 eV or even above, and the extragalactic origin of cosmic rays at highest energies merges rather smoothly with Galactic contributions throughout the 10^15--10^18 eV range. Pulsars and supernova remnants are among the prime candidates for Galactic cosmic-ray production, while nuclei of active galaxies are considered best candidates to produce ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays of extragalactic origin. Acceleration processes are related to shocks from violent ejections of matter from energetic sources such as supernova explosions or matter accretion onto black holes. Details of such acceleration are difficult, as relativistic particles modify the structure of the shock, and simple approximations or perturbation calculations are unsatisfactory. This is where laboratory plasma experiments are expected to contribute, to enlighten the non-linear processes which occur under such conditions.
description: accepted for publication in EPJD, topical issue on Fundamental physics and ultra-high laser fields. From review talk at "Extreme Light Infrastructure" workshop, Sep 2008. Version-2 May 2009: adjust some wordings and references at EPJD proofs stage
Orbital-Ordering Induces Structural Phase Transition and the Resistivity Anomaly in Iron Pnictides
Creators: name: Lv, Weicheng
name: Wu, Jiansheng
name: Phillips, Philip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We attribute the structural phase transition (SPT) in the parent compounds of the iron pnictides to orbital ordering. Due to the anisotropy of the $d_{xz}$ and $d_{yz}$ orbitals in the $xy$ plane, a ferro-orbital ordering makes the orthorhombic structure more energetically favorable, thus inducing the SPT. In this orbital-ordered system, the sites with orbitals that do not order have higher energies. Scattering of the itinerant electrons by these localized two-level systems causes a resistivity anomaly upon the onset of the SPT. The proposed orbital ordering also leads to the stripe-like anti-ferromagnetism and anisotropy of the magnetic exchanges. This model is quantitatively consistent with available experimental observations.
description: Out of the deep freeze and into the Published domain, orbital ordering meets the iron age
title: Speeches by Secretary of Transportation Samuel K. Skinner: January-June 1990
Creators: name: Skinner, Samuel  1938-
name: United States Department of Transportation
Publisher: name: United States Department of Transportation
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/02xfw2e90
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 1990
Subjects: classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/87904
subject: Transportation
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/89768
subject: Transportation planning
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/88891
subject: Transportation policy
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/90595
subject: Transportation safety
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/91422
subject: Economic and social factors
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/92116
subject: Federal government
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/92130
subject: Transportation departments

description: One zipped folder containing digitized PDFs. See the Secretary of Transportation Speeches Collection's finding aid at: https://ntl.as.atlas-sys.com/repositories/2/resources/4
description: Speeches by Secretary of Transportation Samuel K. Skinner from January 1990 through June 1990.
Validation of Multiplex Serology detecting human herpesviruses 1-5
Creators: name: Weißbrich, B.
name: Michel, A.
name: Aiello, A.E.
name: Meier, H.C.S.
name: Breuer, J.
name: Waterboer, T.
name: Butt, J.
name: Brenner, N.
name: Prager, K.
name: Mentzer, A.J.
name: Almond, R.
name: Allen, N.
name: Pawlita, M.
name: Brozy, J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Human herpesviruses (HHV) cause a variety of clinically relevant conditions upon primary infection of typically young and immunocompetent hosts. Both primary infection and reactivation after latency can lead to more severe disease, such as encephalitis, congenital defects and cancer. Infections with HHV are also associated with cardiovascular and neuro-degenerative disease. However, most of the associations are based on retrospective case-control analyses and well-powered prospective cohort studies are needed for assessing temporality and causality. To enable comprehensive investigations of HHV-related disease etiology in large prospective population-based cohort studies, we developed HHV Multiplex Serology. This methodology represents a low-cost, high-throughput technology that allows simultaneous measurement of specific antibodies against five HHV species: Herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2, Varicella zoster virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and Cytomegalovirus. The newly developed HHV species-specific (‘Monoplex’) assays were validated against established gold-standard reference assays. The specificity and sensitivity of the HHV species-specific Monoplex Serology assays ranged from 92.3% to 100.0% (median 97.4%) and 91.8% to 98.7% (median 96.6%), respectively. Concordance with reference assays was very high with kappa values ranging from 0.86 to 0.96 (median kappa 0.93). Multiplexing the Monoplex Serology assays resulted in no loss of performance and allows simultaneous detection of antibodies against the 5 HHV species in a high-throughput manner.
Random networks of cross-linked directed polymers
Creators: name: Ulrich, Stephan
name: Zippelius, Annette
name: Benetatos, Panayotis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the effect of random permanent cross-links on a system of directed polymers confined between two planes with their end-points free to slide on them. We treat the cross-links as quenched disorder and we use a semimicroscopic replica field theory to study the structure and elasticity of this system. Upon increasing the cross-link density, we get a continuous gelation transition signaled by the emergence of a finite in-plane localization length. The distribution of localization length turns out to depend on the height along the preferred direction of the directed polymers. The gelation transition also gives rise to a finite in-plane shear modulus which we calculate and turns out to be universal, i.e., independent of the energy and length scales of the polymers and the cross-links. Using a symmetry argument, we show that cross-links of negligible extent along the preferred axis of the directed polymers do not cause any renormalization to the tilt modulus of the uncross-linked system.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
River Experience: A phenomenological description of meaningful experiences on a wilderness river journey
Creators: name: Morse, M
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: Outdoor educators, nature-based tourism guides and private recreationalists make use of wilderness river areas for extended journeys. The justification for running such trips commonly involves the potential 'experience' that it affords participants. Yet the experiences themselves are often unique, individual and difficult to describe. While 'the experience' is commonly used as a justification for such journeys, experience itself does not always appear to be well understood or easily articulated. This research project explores participant descriptions of meaningful experiences on a wilderness river journey, in order to answer the questions 'what forms of meaningful experiences might occur on a wilderness river journey?', 'what components of the journey facilitate those meaningful experiences?', 'what is the role of the wilderness landscape itself in facilitating those experiences?', and 'what is the potential value of meaningful wilderness experiences subsequent upon returning to everyday life?'. The research uses a phenomenological approach to elucidate individual perceptions of meaningful experiences, and then combines the recollections to reveal the commonalities within those experiences. Using interviews, journals, observations and follow-up emails from 32 participants on eight Franklin River (ten day) trips, the project moves from the individual to the collective, to identify and describe the qualities and essences of meaningful experiences on a wilderness river journey. The research identifies two recurrent key 'streams of experience'. These involve a feeling of humility and being alive to the present. By interrogating the thematic structure of participant descriptions surrounding these two streams of experience, invariant structures are revealed. These invariant structures further provide the opportunity to refocus on individual participant descriptions, and illuminate the essential qualities of the phenomena described. It is argued that by understanding potentially meaningful experiences on a wilderness river journey, outdoor educators, commercial guides and facilitators will be better able to make use of surrounding environs to facilitate such experiences. There is a focus on the unique elements of the wilderness river journey that, in this research, contributed to the unique experiences which participants valued as meaningful.
The continuous 1.5D terrain guarding problem: Discretization, optimal solutions, and PTAS
Creators: name: Friedrichs, Stephan
name: Hemmer, Michael
name: King, James
name: Schmidt, Christiane
Publisher: name: Journal of Computational Geometry
Year: 2016

description: In the NP-hard continuous 1.5D Terrain Guarding Problem (TGP) we are given an $x$-monotone chain of line segments in $R^2$ (the terrain $T$), and ask for the minimum number of guards (located anywhere on $T$) required to guard all of $T$. We construct guard candidate and witness sets $G, W \subset T$ of polynomial size such that any feasible (optimal) guard cover $G^* \subseteq G$ for $W$ is also feasible (optimal) for the continuous TGP. This discretization allows us to: (1) settle NP-completeness for the continuous TGP; (2) provide a Polynomial Time Approximation Scheme (PTAS) for the continuous TGP using the PTAS for the discrete TGP by Gibson et al.; (3) formulate the continuous TGP as an Integer Linear Program (IP). Furthermore, we propose several filtering techniques reducing the size of our discretization, allowing us to devise an efficient IP-based algorithm that reliably provides optimal guard placements for terrains with up to $10^6$ vertices within minutes on a standard desktop computer.
description: Journal of Computational Geometry, Vol 7, No 1 (2016)
Pickering emulsions stabilized by sphere-spheroid mixtures
Creators: name: Upendar, Siliveru
name: Mani, Ethayaraja
name: Basavaraj, Madivala G.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: Stable oil-in-water Pickering emulsions (PEs) are prepared by using hydrophilic and oppositely charged spherical (silica) and nonspherical (hematite) nanoparticle mixture. By varying aqueous dispersion pH, the surface potentials of the particles are tuned. For fixed sizes of silica and hematite, stable emulsions are formed at low concentrations of silica when the surface potential mismatch between the particles is high. Conversely, when the latter is small, stable emulsions are found up to high concentration of silica nanoparticles. These findings are explained based on the formation of silica-hematite heteroaggregates and on their surface-active characteristics. It is found that for a given pH and particle concentration (expressed as number ratio NS-H, which is the ratio of the total number of spheres to the total number of spheroids), highly stable oil-in-water emulsions are formed only when the unstable aqueous binary mixture of colloids and the oil phase are emulsified. The result is presented as a state diagram, which shows the particle composition corresponding to the formation of stable emulsions, the composition range where the emulsions that result are unstable and the region where the emulsions do not form at all. As the formation of PE is kinetically controlled, we demonstrate that at conditions where emulsions formed via one-step emulsification for a given NS-H are unstable, following a two-step emulsification procedure yields highly stable emulsions. The work highlights the role of (i) NS-H, (ii) aqueous dispersion pH, (iii) surface potential mismatch and (iv) emulsification protocol on the formation and stability of solid particle stabilized emulsions.
Placing the east-west North American aridity gradient in a multi-century context
Creators: Bishop, Daniel Alexander
Williams, A. Park
Seager, Richard
Cook, Edward R.
Peteet, Dorothy M.
Cook, Benjamin I.
Rao, Mukund Palat
Stahle, David W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Paleoclimatology
Dendrochronology
Hydrologic cycle
Water-supply

description: Instrumental records indicate a century-long trend towards drying over western North America and wetting over eastern North America. A continuation of these trends into the future would have significant hydroclimatic and socioeconomic consequences in both the semi-arid Southwest and humid East. Using tree-ring reconstructions and hydrologic simulations of summer soil moisture, we evaluate and contextualize the modern summer aridity gradient within its natural range of variability established over the past 600 years and evaluate the effects of observed and anthropogenic precipitation, temperature, and humidity trends. The 2001–2020 positive (wet east-dry west) aridity gradient was larger than any 20 year period since 1400 CE, preceded by the most negative (wet west-dry east) aridity gradient during 1976–1995, leading to a strong multi-decade reversal in aridity gradient anomalies that was rivaled only by a similar event in the late-16th century. The 2001–2020 aridity gradient was dominated by long-term summer precipitation increases in the Midwest and Northeast, with smaller contributions from more warming in the West than the East and spring precipitation decreases in the Southwest. Multi-model mean climate simulations from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 experiments suggest anthropogenic climate trends should not have strongly affected the aridity gradient thus far. However, there is high uncertainty due to inter-model disagreement on anthropogenic precipitation trends. The recent strengthening of the observed aridity gradient, its increasing dependence on precipitation variability, and disagreement in modeled anthropogenic precipitation trends reveal significant uncertainties in how water resource availability will change across North America in the coming decades.
Ground states and dynamics of population-imbalanced Fermi condensates in one dimension
Creators: name: Tezuka, Masaki
name: Ueda, Masahito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By using the numerically exact density-matrix renormalization group (DMRG) approach, we investigate the ground states of harmonically trapped one-dimensional (1D) fermions with population imbalance and find that the Larkin-Ovchinnikov (LO) state, which is a condensed state of fermion pairs with nonzero center-of-mass momentum, is realized for a wide range of parameters. The phase diagram comprising the two phases of i) an LO state at the trap center and a balanced condensate at the periphery and ii) an LO state at the trap center and a pure majority component at the periphery, is obtained. The reduced two-body density matrix indicates that most of the minority atoms contribute to the LO-type quasi-condensate. With the time-dependent DMRG, we also investigate the real-time dynamics of a system of 1D fermions in response to a spin-flip excitation.
description: 20 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in New Journal of Physics
title: Speeches by Secretary of Transportation Samuel K. Skinner: July-December 1990
Creators: name: Skinner, Samuel  1938-
name: United States Department of Transportation
Publisher: name: United States Department of Transportation
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/02xfw2e90
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 1990
Subjects: classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/87904
subject: Transportation
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/88891
subject: Transportation policy
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/89768
subject: Transportation planning
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/90595
subject: Transportation safety
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/91422
subject: Economic and social factors
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/92116
subject: Federal government
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/92130
subject: Transportation departments

description: One zipped folder containing digitized PDFs. See the Secretary of Transportation Speeches Collection's finding aid at: https://ntl.as.atlas-sys.com/repositories/2/resources/4
description: Speeches by Secretary of Transportation Samuel K. Skinner from July 1990 through December 1990.
On the second Tate-Shafarevich group of a 1-motive
Creators: name: Jossen, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14G25, 14G20, 14K15

description: We prove finiteness results for Tate--Shafarevich groups in degree 2 associated with 1--motives, rely them to Leopoldt's conjecture, and present an example of a semiabelian variety with an infinite Tate--Shafarevich group in degree 2. We also establish an arithmetic duality theorem for 1--motives over number fields which complements earlier results of Harari and Szamuely in this direction.
description: 28 pages
Front propagation and feedback in convective Flow-Fields
Creators: name: Mukherjee, Saikat
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: Link to youtube video of lecture: https://youtu.be/ZFg3oBS6TpA Abstract Quantification of transport of reacting species in the presence of a flow field is important in many problems of engineering and science. A front is described as a moving interface between two different states of a system such as between the products and reactants in a chemical reaction. In this discussion I focus on my doctoral dissertation work where I studied the propagation of autocatalytic reaction fronts, fronts with feedback and pattern forming fronts in chaotic Rayleigh-Benard convection [1, 2, 3, 4]. I discuss how the spatial variations in chaotic and convective flow fields of varying complexity affects the propagation of fronts by reorienting the geometry of the front interface. In certain scenarios the propagating front feeds back to the flow field by inducing a local self-organized flow field that interacts with the background convection. I talk about the rich and emergent dynamics resulting from this front induced feedback which enhances the burning and propagation of fronts. Finally, we study the properties of pattern forming fronts which leave a trail of spatial structures behind as they propagate. Pattern forming fronts of convection rolls are studied and the velocity of the front and spatial distribution of the patterns left behind by the front is quantified. Related publications S. Mukherjee and M. R. Paul. Velocity and geometry of propagating fronts in complex convective flow fields. Phys. Rev. E, 99:012213, 2019. S. Mukherjee and M. R. Paul. Propagating fronts in fluids with solutal feedback. Phys. Rev. E, 101:032214, 2020. Saikat Mukherjee. Front Propagation and Feedback in Convective Flow Fields. PhD thesis, Virginia Tech, 2020. S. Mukherjee and M. R. Paul. The cooperative and antagonistic feedback of propagating fronts through a fluid. In Preparation, 2020.
title: Speeches by Secretary of Transportation Samuel K. Skinner: January-June 1991
Creators: name: Skinner, Samuel  1938-
name: United States Department of Transportation
Publisher: name: United States Department of Transportation
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/02xfw2e90
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 1991
Subjects: classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/87904
subject: Transportation
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/89768
subject: Transportation planning
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/88891
subject: Transportation policy
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/90595
subject: Transportation safety
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/91422
subject: Economic and social factors
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/92116
subject: Federal government
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/92130
subject: Transportation departments

description: One zipped folder containing digitized PDFs. See the Secretary of Transportation Speeches Collection's finding aid at: https://ntl.as.atlas-sys.com/repositories/2/resources/4
description: Speeches by Secretary of Transportation Samuel K. Skinner from January 1991 through June 1991.
Potential for tree rings to reveal spatial patterns of past drought variability across western Australia
Creators: O'Donnell, Alison J.
Cook, Edward R.
Palmer, Jonathan G.
Turney, Chris S. M.
Grierson, Pauline F.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Dendroclimatology
Dendrochronology
Droughts
Natural history

description: Proxy records have provided major insights into the variability of past climates over long timescales. However, for much of the Southern Hemisphere, the ability to identify spatial patterns of past climatic variability is constrained by the sparse distribution of proxy records. This is particularly true for mainland Australia, where relatively few proxy records are located. Here, we (1) assess the potential to use existing proxy records in the Australasian region—starting with the only two multi-century tree-ring proxies from mainland Australia—to reveal spatial patterns of past hydroclimatic variability across the western third of the continent, and (2) identify strategic locations to target for the development of new proxy records. We show that the two existing tree-ring records allow robust reconstructions of past hydroclimatic variability over spatially broad areas (i.e. > 3° × 3°) in inland north- and south-western Australia. Our results reveal synchronous periods of drought and wet conditions between the inland northern and southern regions of western Australia as well as a generally anti-phase relationship with hydroclimate in eastern Australia over the last two centuries. The inclusion of 174 tree-ring proxy records from Tasmania, New Zealand and Indonesia and a coral record from Queensland did not improve the reconstruction potential over western Australia. However, our findings suggest that the addition of relatively few new proxy records from key locations in western Australia that currently have low reconstruction skill will enable the development of a comprehensive drought atlas for the region, and provide a critical link to the drought atlases of monsoonal Asia and eastern Australia and New Zealand.
The effects of temperature, light, and variety on sterility in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L. and H. distichum L.)
Creators: name: Tingle, James Nisbet
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The effects of 12°, 13°, 24° and 30°C temperatures; 24, 20, 16 and 12 hour photoperiods; 2000 and 500 ft.-c. light intensities and light high and low in far-red energy on numbers of florets and percent sterility per head and per plant were studied on combinations of seventeen barley varieties. Numbers of florets per head and per plant were reduced with an increase in temperature. Numbers of florets were increased with a decrease in photoperiod at low, but not at high, temperature. At the low light intensity there was a slight decrease in number of florets per head and a pronounced reduction in tillering. The virtual absence of far-red energy had no effect on tillering, but caused a significant increase in number of florets per tiller head. Plant sterility was lowest at 18°C. Main head sterility was low at 12° and 18°C but was markedly increased at 24° and 30°C. Tiller head sterility was much higher than that of main heads at all temperatures and was as high at 12°C as at 24°C. Photoperiod had little effect on main head sterility except for causing a marked increase at 12 hour. At the optimum temperature for development (13°C), intermediate photoperiods had the lowest plant sterility. The reduction in light intensity caused a 30 percent increase in plant percent sterility. Light low in far-red energy caused an average increase of 25 percent in plant sterility. Varieties had significant interactions with temperature, photoperiod, light intensity, and light quality in determining the numbers of florets differentiated per head and per plant. Temperature and light intensity were the only factors to interact with variety for percent sterility. The varieties Aria, Asa, Betzes, O.A.C. 21, Palliser, Pirkka, Titan, Trebi, and Vantage were especially sensitive to the stress conditions imposed.
A Berry--Esseen theorem for sample quantiles under weak dependence
Creators: name: Lahiri, S. N.
name: Sun, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60F05 (Primary) 60G10, 62E20 (Secondary)

description: This paper proves a Berry--Esseen theorem for sample quantiles of strongly-mixing random variables under a polynomial mixing rate. The rate of normal approximation is shown to be $O(n^{-1/2})$ as $n\to\infty$, where $n$ denotes the sample size. This result is in sharp contrast to the case of the sample mean of strongly-mixing random variables where the rate $O(n^{-1/2})$ is not known even under an exponential strong mixing rate. The main result of the paper has applications in finance and econometrics as financial time series data often are heavy-tailed and quantile based methods play an important role in various problems in finance, including hedging and risk management.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/08-AAP533 the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Redshifted intergalactic 3He+ 8.7 GHz hyperfine absorption
Creators: name: McQuinn, Matthew
name: Switzer, Eric R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by recent interest in redshifted 21 cm emission of intergalactic hydrogen, we investigate the 8.7 GHz ^2S_{1/2} F=0-1 hyperfine transition of ^3He^+. While the primordial abundance of 3He relative to hydrogen is 10^-5, the hyperfine spontaneous decay rate is 680 times larger. Furthermore, the antenna temperature is much lower at the frequencies relevant for the ^3He^+ transition compared to that of z>6 21 cm emission. We find that the spin temperature of this 8.7 GHz line in the intergalactic medium is approximately the cosmic microwave background temperature, such that this transition is best observed in absorption against high-redshift, radio-bright quasars. We show that intergalactic 8.7 GHz absorption is a promising, unsaturated observable of the ionization history of intergalactic helium (for which HeII->HeIII reionization is believed to be complete at z~3) and of the primordial 3He abundance. Instruments must reach ~1 μJy RMS noise in bands of 1 MHz on a 1 Jy source to directly resolve this absorption. However, in combination with HI Lyαforest measurements, an instrument can statistically detect this absorption from z > 3 with 30 μJy RMS noise in 0.1 MHz spectral bands over 100 MHz, which may be within the reach of present instruments.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures; v3 as published
Mooney et al. Respond to "observing Neighborhood Physical Disorder"
Creators: name: Galea, S.
name: Mooney, S.J.
name: Teitler, J.O.
name: Bader, M.D.M.
name: Sheehan, D.M.
name: Rundle, A.G.
name: Aiello, A.E.
name: Lovasi, G.S.
name: Goldmann, E.
name: Koenen, K.C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: [No abstract available]