cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
An efficient and flexible approach for computing rovibrational polaritons from first principles
Creators: name: Szidarovszky, Tamás
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A theoretical framework is presented for the computation of rovibrational polaritonic states of a molecule in a lossless infrared (IR) microcavity. In the proposed approach the quantum treatment of the rotational and vibrational motion of the molecule can be formulated using arbitrary approximations. The cavity-induced changes in electronic structure are treated perturbatively, which allows using the existing polished tools of standard quantum chemistry for determining electronic molecular properties. As a case study, the rovibrational polaritons and related thermodynamic properties of H$_2$O in an IR microcavity are computed for varying cavity parameters and applying various approximations to describe the molecular degrees of freedom. The self-dipole interaction is found to be significant for nearly all light-matter coupling strengths investigated, and the molecular polarizability proved to be important for the correct qualitative behavior of the energy level shifts induced by the cavity. On the other hand, the magnitude of polarization remains small, justifying the perturbative approach for the cavity-induced changes in electronic structure. Comparing results obtained using a high-accuracy variational molecular model with those obtained utilizing the rigid rotor and harmonic oscillator approximations revealed that as long as the rovibrational model is appropriate for describing the field-free molecule, the computed rovibropolaritonic properties can be expected to be accurate as well. Strong light-matter coupling between the radiation mode of an IR cavity and the rovibrational states of H$_2$O lead to minor changes in the thermodynamic properties of the system, and these changes seem to be dominated by non-resonant interactions between the quantum light and matter.
Weak ergodicity breaking of receptor motion in living cells stemming from random diffusivity
Creators: name: Manzo, Carlo
name: Torreno-Pina, Juan A.
name: Massignan, Pietro
name: Lapeyre, Gerald J.
name: Lewenstein, Maciej
name: Parajo, Maria F. Garcia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular transport in living systems regulates numerous processes underlying biological function. Although many cellular components exhibit anomalous diffusion, only recently has the subdiffusive motion been associated with nonergodic behavior. These findings have stimulated new questions for their implications in statistical mechanics and cell biology. Is nonergodicity a common strategy shared by living systems? Which physical mechanisms generate it? What are its implications for biological function? Here, we use single particle tracking to demonstrate that the motion of DC-SIGN, a receptor with unique pathogen recognition capabilities, reveals nonergodic subdiffusion on living cell membranes. In contrast to previous studies, this behavior is incompatible with transient immobilization and therefore it can not be interpreted according to continuous time random walk theory. We show that the receptor undergoes changes of diffusivity, consistent with the current view of the cell membrane as a highly dynamic and diverse environment. Simulations based on a model of ordinary random walk in complex media quantitatively reproduce all our observations, pointing toward diffusion heterogeneity as the cause of DC-SIGN behavior. By studying different receptor mutants, we further correlate receptor motion to its molecular structure, thus establishing a strong link between nonergodicity and biological function. These results underscore the role of disorder in cell membranes and its connection with function regulation. Due to its generality, our approach offers a framework to interpret anomalous transport in other complex media where dynamic heterogeneity might play a major role, such as those found, e.g., in soft condensed matter, geology and ecology.
description: 27 pages, 5 figures
1- FRICTIONAL BEHAVIOUR OF RUBBER FLOORING MAT FITTED BY RECTANGULAR TREADS.pdf
Creators: name: Ramadan, Mohammed
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mechanical Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering
subject: 91309 Tribology

description: There is an increasing demand to reduce the risk of slipping and enhance walking safety in indoors and workplaces. Wet floors are the main source of slip accidents. Rubber mats have become popular flooring materials due to the increased comfort, by adding a cushioning effect to the knees when walking. In the present work, the effect of rectangular and cross treads introduced in the rubber mats on friction coefficient when sliding against footwear is investigated.It was found that friction coefficient displayed slightly decreased with increasing tread groove at dry, detergent wetted and oily sliding due to the decreased contact area accompanied to the increased groove width of the rubber. At water wetted sliding friction coefficient remarkably increased with increasing the tread groove. Oily sliding displayed very low values of friction coefficient. As the tread width decreased the friction values decreased due to the decrease of the contact area at dry, detergent wetted and oily sliding. At sliding against water wetted flooring, friction coefficient significantly increased with increasing both of the width of the tread and the groove due to the easier water escape from the contact area, where the groove volume was relatively higher. Friction coefficient of the displayed by cross tread rubber sliding against dry, detergent wetted and oily sliding showed drastic decrease with increasing tread groove. At sliding against water wetted flooring, friction coefficient displayed by cross tread rubber significantly increased with increasing the tread groove and displayed relatively higher values than that displayed by the longitudinal treads tested in the present work.
Conductivity in organic semiconductors hybridized with the vacuum field
Creators: name: Orgiu, E.
name: George, J.
name: Hutchison, J. A.
name: Devaux, E.
name: Dayen, J. F.
name: Doudin, B.
name: Stellacci, F.
name: Genet, C.
name: Schachenmayer, J.
name: Genes, C.
name: Pupillo, G.
name: Samori, P.
name: Ebbesen, T. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Organic semiconductors have generated considerable interest for their potential for creating inexpensive and flexible devices easily processed on a large scale [1-11]. However technological applications are currently limited by the low mobility of the charge carriers associated with the disorder in these materials [5-8]. Much effort over the past decades has therefore been focused on optimizing the organisation of the material or the devices to improve carrier mobility. Here we take a radically different path to solving this problem, namely by injecting carriers into states that are hybridized to the vacuum electromagnetic field. These are coherent states that can extend over as many as 10^5 molecules and should thereby favour conductivity in such materials. To test this idea, organic semiconductors were strongly coupled to the vacuum electromagnetic field on plasmonic structures to form polaritonic states with large Rabi splittings ca. 0.7 eV. Conductivity experiments show that indeed the current does increase by an order of magnitude at resonance in the coupled state, reflecting mostly a change in field-effect mobility as revealed when the structure is gated in a transistor configuration. A theoretical quantum model is presented that confirms the delocalization of the wave-functions of the hybridized states and the consequences on the conductivity. While this is a proof-of-principle study, in practice conductivity mediated by light-matter hybridized states is easy to implement and we therefore expect that it will be used to improve organic devices. More broadly our findings illustrate the potential of engineering the vacuum electromagnetic environment to modify and to improve properties of materials.
description: 16 pages, 13 figures
Symbol Alphabets from the Landau Singular Locus
Creators: name: Dlapa, Christoph
name: Helmer, Martin
name: Papathanasiou, Georgios
name: Tellander, Felix
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide evidence through two loops, that rational letters of polylogarithmic Feynman integrals are captured by the Landau equations, when the latter are recast as a polynomial of the kinematic variables of the integral, known as the principal $A$-determinant. Focusing on one loop, we further show that all square-root letters may also be obtained, by re-factorizing the principal $A$-determinant with the help of Jacobi identities. We verify our findings by explicitly constructing canonical differential equations for the one-loop integrals in both odd and even dimensions of loop momenta, also finding agreement with earlier results in the literature for the latter case. We provide a computer implementation of our results for the principal $A$-determinants, symbol alphabets and canonical differential equations in an accompanying Mathematica file. Finally, we study the question of when a one-loop integral satisfies the Cohen-Macaulay property and show that for almost all choices of kinematics the Cohen-Macaulay property holds. Throughout, in our approach to Feynman integrals, we make extensive use of the Gel'fand, Graev, Kapranov and Zelevinski\uı theory on what are now commonly called GKZ-hypergeometric systems whose singularities are described by the principal $A$-determinant.
description: 56 pages, 9 figures. v3: typos corrected, references added, presentation improved, matches published version
Differential stoichiometry among core ribosomal proteins
Creators: name: Slavov, Nikolai
name: Semrau, Sefan
name: Airoldi, Edoardo
name: Budnik, Bogdan
name: van Oudenaarden, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Understanding the regulation and structure of ribosomes is essential to understanding protein synthesis and its deregulation in disease. While ribosomes are believed to have a fixed stoichiometry among their core ribosomal proteins (RPs), some experiments suggest a more variable composition. Testing such variability requires direct and precise quantification of RPs. We used mass-spectrometry to directly quantify RPs across monosomes and polysomes of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESC) and budding yeast. Our data show that the stoichiometry among core RPs in wild-type yeast cells and ESC depends both on the growth conditions and on the number of ribosomes bound per mRNA. Furthermore, we find that the fitness of cells with a deleted RP-gene is inversely proportional to the enrichment of the corresponding RP in polysomes. Together, our findings support the existence of ribosomes with distinct protein composition and physiological function.
description: 31 pages, 8 figures
Deep Learning for Opinion Mining and Topic Classification of Course Reviews
Creators: name: Koufakou, Anna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Student opinions for a course are important to educators and administrators, regardless of the type of the course or the institution. Reading and manually analyzing open-ended feedback becomes infeasible for massive volumes of comments at institution level or online forums. In this paper, we collected and pre-processed a large number of course reviews publicly available online. We applied machine learning techniques with the goal to gain insight into student sentiments and topics. Specifically, we utilized current Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques, such as word embeddings and deep neural networks, and state-of-the-art BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers), RoBERTa (Robustly optimized BERT approach) and XLNet (Generalized Auto-regression Pre-training). We performed extensive experimentation to compare these techniques versus traditional approaches. This comparative study demonstrates how to apply modern machine learning approaches for sentiment polarity extraction and topic-based classification utilizing course feedback. For sentiment polarity, the top model was RoBERTa with 95.5% accuracy and 84.7% F1-macro, while for topic classification, an SVM (Support Vector Machine) was the top classifier with 79.8% accuracy and 80.6% F1-macro. We also provided an in-depth exploration of the effect of certain hyperparameters on the model performance and discussed our observations. These findings can be used by institutions and course providers as a guide for analyzing their own course feedback using NLP models towards self-evaluation and improvement.
description: Accepted and Published in Education and Information Technologies (Accepted March 2023)
Emergence in design science research
Creators: name: Klesel, Michael
name: Henseler, Jörg
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Siegen
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Emergence
subject: Design Science Research
subject: Confirmatory Composite Analysis (CCA)
subject: IT Artifact Evaluation
subject: Innovation

description: Designing artifacts is a pivotal activity in Information Systems (IS) research. Beside the development process, the evaluation of artifacts is important as it allows the application of scientific methodologies to generate and accumulate knowledge. Commonly, the evaluation of an artifact is conducted in terms of the artifacts usefulness, utility or performance. Although those evaluation metrics are important, they do not allow conclusions on a more fundamental question, namely “What are fundamental components of an artifact?”. Since Information Technology is becoming increasingly complex, identifying fundamental components becomes more important. To address this important topic, we draw from emergence theory to enhance artifact evaluation. We argue that emergence is a well-suited perspective that can be used to identify crucial components of an artifact. We provide a conceptual notion that can be applied to evaluate artifacts in the light of emergence and demonstrate conceptually how to apply this framework.
New perspectives on statistical data analysis: challenges and possibilities of digitalization for hypothesis testing in quantitative research
Creators: name: Kelter, Riko
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Siegen
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 000 Allgemeines, Informatik, Informationswissenschaft
subject: Data Analysis
subject: Statistical Inference
subject: Bayesian Statistics
subject: Hypothesis Testing
subject: Mathematical Psychology

description: p-values, the 'gold standard' of statistical validity are not as reliable as many scientists assume. In the last decade, severe problems have been observed regarding the validity of highly reputable research. Additionally, the growing availability of big data challenges the design and statistical analysis of studies and experiments across science. Therefore, it is more important than ever to make the best use of available computational tools, software and possibilities digitalization offers to improve the validity of research results. In this paper, we focus on an essential procedure often carried out in quantitative research, which is directly related to the experienced problems: Statistical hypothesis testing. First, we show that the traditional way of hypothesis testing has severe logical problems. Second, it is shown that due to the increasing availability of computational resources, highly sophisticated methods from the area of computational statistics - namely Bayesian data analysis - can complement and even replace traditional hypothesis testing. Third, we highlight how digitalization helps in making these technologies available to a vast range of researchers in the form of the novel and free software package JASP. Together, this paper shows that considering a change in perspective on statistical data analysis, in particular on hypothesis testing, provides the possibility to improve the transparency and reliability of research in the medical, social and natural sciences.
To resist, or not to resist, that is the question: on the status quo bias of public sector employees when dealing with technology
Creators: name: Oschinsky, Frederike Marie
name: Stelter, Aida
name: Kaping, Constantin
name: Niehaves, Bjoern
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Siegen
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 000 Allgemeines, Informatik, Informationswissenschaft
subject: Technology Acceptance
subject: Status Quo Bias
subject: Bounded Rationality
subject: Public Administration
subject: Cognition

description: Technological innovations and new ways of working became the daily routine in German administrations at the municipal, the state and the federal level. Technology use among their employees is an essential aspect of mastering the digital transformation in the public sector. The employees’ status quo bias, however, profoundly influences their perception and behaviour in technology-related settings. The critical role of cognitive biases is recognised in many disciplines, including sociology, psychology, and marketing. Against this background, the objective of our work is to expand existing acceptance models with the aspect of bounded rationality and apply them to employees in the public sector. This allows us to gain theoretical insights concerning the resistance of using technology in this domain. As technology becomes ever more ubiquitous in times of the coronavirus pandemic, and as the performance and well-being of public sector employees is more and more important to the administrative board members, including the status quo bias perspective when dealing with technology use presents increasing theoretical and practical importance.
$π_{e3}$ form factor $f_{-}$ near the mass shell
Creators: name: Krivoruchenko, M. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The generalized Ward-Takahashi identity (gWTI) in the pion sector for broken isotopic symmetry is derived and used for the model-independent calculation of the longitudinal form factor $f_{-}$ of the $π_{e3}$ vector vertex. The on-shell $f_{-}$ is found to be proportional to the mass difference of the pions and the difference between the vector isospin $T = 1$ and scalar isospin $ T = 2 $ pion radii. A numerical estimate of the form factor yields a value two times higher than the previous estimate from the quark model. Off-shell form factors are known to be ambiguous because of the gauge dependence and the freedom in the parameterization of the fields. The near-mass-shell $f_{-}$ appears to be an exception, allowing for experimental verification of the consequences of the gWTI. We calculate the near-mass-shell $f_{-}$ using the gWTI and dispersion techniques. The results are discussed in the context of the conservation of vector current (CVC) hypothesis.
description: 14 pages latex, 1 figure, 1 table, new references added, minor style changes, accepted for publication in Advances in High Energy Physics
Self Equivalence of the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers
Creators: name: Yan, Ming
name: Yin, Wotao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The alternating direction method of multipliers (ADM or ADMM) breaks a complex optimization problem into much simpler subproblems. The ADM algorithms are typically short and easy to implement yet exhibit (nearly) state-of-the-art performance for large-scale optimization problems. To apply ADM, we first formulate a given problem into the "ADM-ready" form, so the final algorithm depends on the formulation. A problem like $\mbox{minimize}_\mathbf{x} u(\mathbf{x}) + v(\mathbf{C}\mathbf{x})$ has six different "ADM-ready" formulations. They can be in the primal or dual forms, and they differ by how dummy variables are introduced. To each "ADM-ready" formulation, ADM can be applied in two different orders depending on how the primal variables are updated. Finally, we get twelve different ADM algorithms! How do they compare to each other? Which algorithm should one choose? In this paper, we show that many of the different ways of applying ADM are equivalent. Specifically, we show that ADM applied to a primal formulation is equivalent to ADM applied to its Lagrange dual; ADM is equivalent to a primal-dual algorithm applied to the saddle-point formulation of the same problem. These results are surprising since the primal and dual variables in ADM are seemingly treated very differently, and some previous work exhibit preferences in one over the other on specific problems. In addition, when one of the two objective functions is quadratic, possibly subject to an affine constraint, we show that swapping the update order of the two primal variables in ADM gives the same algorithm. These results identify the few truly different ADM algorithms for a problem, which generally have different forms of subproblems from which it is easy to pick one with the most computationally friendly subproblems.
description: 29 pages
Sensitivity of ultralight axion dark matter search with optical quantum sensors
Creators: name: Kim, Young Jin
name: Duffy, Leanne
name: Savukov, Igor
name: Chu, Ping-Han
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An optical quantum sensor (OQS) based on lasers and alkali-metal atoms is a sensitive ambient-temperature magnetometer that can be used in axion dark matter search with an inductor-capacitor (LC) circuit at kHz and MHz frequencies. We have previously investigated the sensitivity of an LC circuit-OQS axion detector to ultralight axion dark matter that could be achieved using a fT-noise OQS constructed in our lab. In this paper, we investigate the sensitivity that could be potentially reached by an OQS performing close to the fundamental quantum noise levels of 10 aT/$\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$. To take advantage of the quantum-limited OQS, the LC circuit has to be made of a superconductor and cooled to low temperature of a few K. After considering the intrinsic noise of the advanced axion detector and characterizing possible background noises, we estimate that such an experiment could probe benchmark QCD axion models in an unexplored mass range near 10 neV. Reaching such a high sensitivity is a difficult task, so we have conducted some preliminary experiments with a large-bore magnet and a prototype axion detector consisting of a room-temperature LC circuit and a commercial OQS unit. This paper describes the prototype experiment and its projected sensitivity to axions in detail.
Combining the virtual reality with biofeedback – state of research in nutrition
Creators: name: Ressing, Caroline
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Siegen
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 000 Allgemeines, Informatik, Informationswissenschaft
subject: Virtual Reality
subject: Biofeedback and Physiological Parameter
subject: Literature Review
subject: Nutritional Behavior

description: The digitalization of the health care system promises to improve care through the use of technologies that work with virtual reality (VR). In the field of nutrition research, various settings have taken place. But the research designs known so far were not supported by physiological values. Based on this gap and to structure current and future scientific work in this field I conduct a literature review. A selection of known biofeedback systems will be presented and checked whether they appear at all in the literature in connection with nutrition and VR. Results: The fact that only six papers have shown a sufficient relationship could be used to identify a deficiency. I conclude that VR-related technologies seem to be a promising approach that is worth theoretical and empirical research with increasing physiological parameters to improve nutritional behavior.
Corner states of two-dimensional second-order topological insulators with a chiral symmetry and broken time reversal and charge conjugation
Creators: name: Poata, Joseph
name: Taddei, Fabio
name: Governale, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-dimensional second-order topological insulators are characterized by the presence of topologically protected zero-energy bound states localized at the corners of a flake. In this paper we theoretically study the occurrence and features of such corner states inside flakes in the shape of a convex polygon. We consider two different models, both in Cartan class IIIA, the first obeying inversion symmetry and the other obeying a combined $π/4$ rotation symmetry and time-reversal symmetry ($\hat{C}_4^z\hat{T}$). By using an analytical effective model of an edge corresponding to a massive Dirac fermion, we determine the presence of a corner state between two given edges by studying the sign of their induced masses and derive general rules for flakes in the shape of a convex polygon. In particular, we find that the number of corner states in a flake is always two in the first model, while in the second model there are either 0, 2 or 4. To corroborate our findings, we focus on flakes of specific shapes (a triangle and a square) and use a numerical finite-difference approach to determine the features of the corner states in terms of their probability density. In the case of a triangular flake, we can change the position of corner states by rotating the flake in the first model, while in the second model we can also change their number. Remarkably, when the induced mass of an edge is zero the corresponding corner state becomes delocalized along the edge. In the case of a square flake and the model with $\hat{C}_4^z\hat{T}$ symmetry, there is an orientation of the flake with respect to the crystal axes, for which the corner states extend along the whole perimeter of the square.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
Non-Gaussian Error Distribution of $\rm{^{7}Li}$ Abundance Measurements
Creators: name: Crandall, Sara
name: Houston, Stephen
name: Ratra, Bharat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct the error distribution of $\rm{^{7}Li}$ abundance measurements for 66 observations (with error bars) used by Spite12 that give $\rm{A(Li)}=2.21 \pm 0.065$ (median and 1$σ$ symmetrized error). This error distribution is somewhat non-Gaussian, with larger probability in the tails than is predicted by a Gaussian distribution. The 95.4% confidence limits are 3.0$σ$ in terms of the quoted errors. We fit the data to four commonly used distributions: Gaussian, Cauchy, Student's t, and double exponential with the center of the distribution found with both weighted mean and median statistics. It is reasonably well described by a widened $n=8$ Student's $t$ distribution. Assuming Gaussianity, the observed A(Li) is 6.5$σ$ away from that expected from standard Big Bang nucleosynthesis given the $Planck$ observations Coc2014. Accounting for the non-Gaussianity of the observed A(Li) error distribution reduces the discrepancy to 4.9$σ$, which is still significant.
description: 24 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables
New likelihoods for shape analysis
Creators: name: Fichet, Sylvain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a new kind of likelihood function based on the sequence of moments of the data distribution. Both binned and unbinned data samples are discussed, and the multivariate case is also derived. Building on this approach we lay out the formalism of shape analysis for signal searches. In addition to moment-based likelihoods, standard likelihoods and approximate statistical tests are provided. Enough material is included to make the paper self-contained from the perspective of shape analysis. We argue that the moment-based likelihoods can advantageously replace unbinned standard likelihoods for the search of non-local signals, by avoiding the step of fitting Monte-Carlo generated distributions. This benefit increases with the number of variables simultaneously analyzed. The moment-based signal search is exemplified and tested in various 1D toy models mimicking typical high-energy signal--background configurations. Moment-based techniques should be particularly appropriate for the searches for effective operators at the LHC.
description: 23 pages, 5 figures
Developing a smart city strategy by use of St. Gallen management model focused in smart mobility and smart environment
Creators: name: Schäfer, Cindy
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Siegen
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 000 Allgemeines, Informatik, Informationswissenschaft
subject: Smart City
subject: Strategies
subject: SGMM
subject: Smart Mobility
subject: Smart Environment

description: Cities are getting bigger and more crowded. This leads to an overuse of water-/ energy- resources and infrastructure, which are partly irreversible. In order to be a worth living place in the future, parts of a city have to change, e.g. housing, mobility, and supply of urban life, in harmony with nature and environment. For these changes a city, a so-called Smart City, needs a strategy. This paper will examine whether the St. Gallen Management Model (SGMM) can be a basis for the Smart City strategy process. For this purpose, the three sectors of the SGMM are analyzed in more detail and applied to the context of a Smart City, focusing on the power ranges Smart Mobility and Smart Environment. The analysis demonstrates that the transferability of the SGMM to the research application Smart City is well given, especially in the aspects stakeholders and environmental spheres of the sector environment and in the aspects frames of reference of the sector organization.
Fundamental Sensitivity Limits for non-Hermitian Quantum Sensors
Creators: name: Ding, Wenkui
name: Wang, Xiaoguang
name: Chen, Shu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Considering non-Hermitian systems implemented by utilizing enlarged quantum systems, we determine the fundamental limits for the sensitivity of non-Hermitian sensors from the perspective of quantum information. We prove that non-Hermitian sensors do not outperform their Hermitian counterparts (directly couples to the parameter) in the performance of sensitivity, due to the invariance of the quantum information about the parameter. By scrutinizing two concrete non-Hermitian sensing proposals, which are implemented using full quantum systems, we demonstrate that the sensitivity of these sensors is in agreement with our predictions. Our theory offers a comprehensive and model-independent framework for understanding the fundamental limits of non-Hermitian quantum sensors and builds the bridge over the gap between non-Hermitian physics and quantum metrology.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures
Digital Technology in Health Education? – Opportunities for New Mothers in Mexican Public Healthcare Services
Creators: name: Harder, Jamie Lee
name: Gutierrez Chavez, Andrea Sarahi
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Siegen
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 000 Allgemeines, Informatik, Informationswissenschaft
subject: Breastfeeding
subject: Healthcare
subject: Inequality
subject: Mexico
subject: Technology

description: The Mexican healthcare system deals with several challenges such as a high level of fragmentation, low investments by the state and remaining high out-of-pocket payments. The socioeconomic status of each family decides which access to healthcare is granted due to the form of health insurance provided. Health literacy rates depend highly on the educational level, correlate with health inequalities and influence health-related decisions such as breastfeeding strongly. This study presents first findings of problem-centered interviews (N=9) from a case-study in Guadalajara, Mexico. It shows a possible starting point to integrate the usage of digital devices in the Mexican public health sector to interact with new mothers who are hospitalized after having given birth. Findings suggest that the use of digital technology could help to raise the health literacy in the specific decision of breastfeeding.
Ultra-high-energy debris from the collisional Penrose process
Creators: name: Berti, Emanuele
name: Brito, Richard
name: Cardoso, Vitor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Soon after the discovery of the Kerr metric, Penrose realized that superradiance can be exploited to extract energy from black holes. The original idea (involving the breakup of a single particle) yields only modest energy gains. A variant of the Penrose process consists of particle collisions in the ergoregion. The collisional Penrose process has been explored recently in the context of dark matter searches, with the conclusion that the ratio $η$ between the energy of post-collision particles detected at infinity and the energy of the colliding particles should be modest ($η\lesssim 1.5$). Schnittman has shown that these studies underestimated the maximum efficiency by about one order of magnitude (i.e., $η\lesssim 15$). In this work we show that particle collisions in the vicinity of rapidly rotating black holes can produce high-energy ejecta and result in high efficiencies under much more generic conditions. The astrophysical likelihood of these events deserves further scrutiny, but our study hints at the tantalizing possibility that the collisional Penrose process may power gamma rays and ultra-high-energy cosmic rays.
description: 5 pages, 7 figures. v2: Unabridged version of the Letter in press in PRL. This arXiv version contains supplemental material in response to http://arxiv.org/abs/1501.01984
Learning Diffractive Optical Communication Around Arbitrary Opaque Occlusions
Creators: name: Rahman, Md Sadman Sakib
name: Gan, Tianyi
name: Deger, Emir Arda
name: Isil, Cagatay
name: Jarrahi, Mona
name: Ozcan, Aydogan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Free-space optical systems are emerging for high data rate communication and transfer of information in indoor and outdoor settings. However, free-space optical communication becomes challenging when an occlusion blocks the light path. Here, we demonstrate, for the first time, a direct communication scheme, passing optical information around a fully opaque, arbitrarily shaped obstacle that partially or entirely occludes the transmitter's field-of-view. In this scheme, an electronic neural network encoder and a diffractive optical network decoder are jointly trained using deep learning to transfer the optical information or message of interest around the opaque occlusion of an arbitrary shape. The diffractive decoder comprises successive spatially-engineered passive surfaces that process optical information through light-matter interactions. Following its training, the encoder-decoder pair can communicate any arbitrary optical information around opaque occlusions, where information decoding occurs at the speed of light propagation. For occlusions that change their size and/or shape as a function of time, the encoder neural network can be retrained to successfully communicate with the existing diffractive decoder, without changing the physical layer(s) already deployed. We also validate this framework experimentally in the terahertz spectrum using a 3D-printed diffractive decoder to communicate around a fully opaque occlusion. Scalable for operation in any wavelength regime, this scheme could be particularly useful in emerging high data-rate free-space communication systems.
description: 23 Pages, 9 Figures
On Reachability for Unidirectional Channel Systems Extended with Regular Tests
Creators: name: Petr, Jancar
name: Karandikar, Prateek
name: Schnoebelen, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: "Unidirectional channel systems" (Chambart & Schnoebelen, CONCUR 2008) are finite-state systems where one-way communication from a Sender to a Receiver goes via one reliable and one unreliable unbounded fifo channel. While reachability is decidable for these systems, equipping them with the possibility of testing regular properties on the contents of channels makes it undecidable. Decidability is preserved when only emptiness and nonemptiness tests are considered: the proof relies on an elaborate reduction to a generalized version of Post's Embedding Problem.
description: An extended abstract of this work first appeared in IFIP-TCS 2012, LNCS 7604
Weyl Node and Spin Texture in Trigonal Tellurium and Selenium
Creators: name: Hirayama, Motoaki
name: Okugawa, Ryo
name: Ishibashi, Shoji
name: Murakami, Shuichi
name: Miyake, Takashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study Weyl nodes in materials with broken inversion symmetry. We find based on first-principles calculations that trigonal Te and Se have multiple Weyl nodes near the Fermi level. The conduction bands have a spin splitting similar to the Rashba splitting around the H points, but unlike the Rashba splitting the spin directions are radial, forming a hedgehog spin texture around the H points, with a nonzero Pontryagin index for each spin-split conduction band. The Weyl semimetal phase, which has never been observed in real materials without inversion symmetry, is realized under pressure. The evolution of the spin texture by varying the pressure can be explained by the evolution of the Weyl nodes in k space.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
SILVR: Guided Diffusion for Molecule Generation
Creators: name: Runcie, Nicholas T.
name: Mey, Antonia S. J. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Computationally generating novel synthetically accessible compounds with high affinity and low toxicity is a great challenge in drug design. Machine-learning models beyond conventional pharmacophoric methods have shown promise in generating novel small molecule compounds, but require significant tuning for a specific protein target. Here, we introduce a method called selective iterative latent variable refinement (SILVR) for conditioning an existing diffusion-based equivariant generative model without retraining. The model allows the generation of new molecules that fit into a binding site of a protein based on fragment hits. We use the SARS-CoV-2 Main protease fragments from Diamond X-Chem that form part of the COVID Moonshot project as a reference dataset for conditioning the molecule generation. The SILVR rate controls the extent of conditioning and we show that moderate SILVR rates make it possible to generate new molecules of similar shape to the original fragments, meaning that the new molecules fit the binding site without knowledge of the protein. We can also merge up to 3 fragments into a new molecule without affecting the quality of molecules generated by the underlying generative model. Our method is generalizable to any protein target with known fragments and any diffusion-based model for molecule generation.
description: paper, 20 paper, 11 figures
title: Are ravens mislead by human cues in a change of location false belief task?
Creators: name: Hiss, Adrian
Year: 2022

description: Die "Theory of Mind" (Theorie des Mentalen) hilft zu entschlüsseln, wie und was andere über ihre Umwelt wahrnehmen. In ihrer umfassendsten Form beinhaltet die "Theory of Mind" das Verständnis von "false beliefs" (falscher Überzeugungen). Das heißt, dass zwei widersprüchlicher Realitäts-Zustände im eigenen Kopf vorhanden sein und unterschieden werden können. Bisher wurde dieses Verständnis bei Menschenaffen und Makaken nachgewiesen. Ziel dieser Studie war es, zu untersuchen, ob Kolkraben (Corvus corax) fähig sind, anderen "false beliefs" zuzuschreiben. Das Versuchsdesgin war an die Methodik von Lonardo et al. (2021) angelehnt. Es beinhaltete einen Objekttransfer und wurde von zwei Experimentator*innen, einer versteckenden und einer kommunizierenden Person, durchgeführt. In den finalen Experimenten gab es zwei Bedingungen: Eine "false belief"-Bedingung mit einer*m unwissenden Kommunikator* in, die oder der sich des Futtertransfers nicht bewusst war, und eine "true belief"-Bedingung, in der sich der oder die Kommunikator*in des Transfers bewusst war. In beiden Konditionen gab der oder die Kommunikator*in nach dem Transfer einen irreführenden Hinweis, indem die kommunizierende Person dem Raben die ursprüngliche Position des Futters anzeigte. Die Raben wählten in beiden Konditionen häufiger das vorgeschlagene Versteck aus, obwohl sie den Transfer beobachtet hatten und den aktuellen, neuen Ort des Futters kannten. In dieser Studie konnten keine Hinweise gefunden werden, dass Raben ein Verständnis für "false beliefs" haben. Dieses Ergebnis könnte auch durch einen möglichen "Recency Bias" (Rezenzeffekt) erklärt werden, der in dieser Studie nicht weiter untersucht wurde.
description: The Theory of Mind helps to decode what and how others perceive their environment. In its most comprehensive form, it includes the understanding of false beliefs, which means having two conflicting stages of reality in one own’s mind. So far, this understanding is limited to apes and macaques. The aim of this research was to test whether common ravens (Corvus corax) are capable to attribute false beliefs to others. I used a change of location task with two experimenters, a hider and a communicator, similar to Lonardo et al. (2021). The final experiments had two conditions: A false belief condition with an ignorant communicator, who was not aware of the bait transfer, and a true belief condition where the communicator was aware of the transfer. In both conditions, the communicator made after the transfer a misleading cue and suggested to the raven the initial position of the bait. Ravens chose in both conditions the suggested cover more often even though they have witnessed the transfer and knew the true location of the bait. This study could not find evidence that ravens have a false belief understanding. This finding could be also explained due to a potential recency bias, which was not investigated further in this study.
Quark confinement: dual superconductor picture based on a non-Abelian Stokes theorem and reformulations of Yang-Mills theory
Creators: name: Kondo, Kei-Ichi
name: Kato, Seikou
name: Shibata, Akihiro
name: Shinohara, Toru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The purpose of this paper is to review the recent progress in understanding quark confinement. The emphasis of this review is placed on how to obtain a manifestly gauge-independent picture for quark confinement supporting the dual superconductivity in the Yang-Mills theory, which should be compared with the Abelian projection proposed by 't Hooft. The basic tools are novel reformulations of the Yang-Mills theory based on change of variables extending the decomposition of the $SU(N)$ Yang-Mills field due to Cho, Duan-Ge and Faddeev-Niemi, together with the combined use of extended versions of the Diakonov-Petrov version of the non-Abelian Stokes theorem for the $SU(N)$ Wilson loop operator. Moreover, we give the lattice gauge theoretical versions of the reformulation of the Yang-Mills theory which enables us to perform the numerical simulations on the lattice. In fact, we present some numerical evidences for supporting the dual superconductivity for quark confinement. The numerical simulations include the derivation of the linear potential for static interquark potential, i.e., non-vanishing string tension, in which the "Abelian" dominance and magnetic monopole dominance are established, confirmation of the dual Meissner effect by measuring the chromoelectric flux tube between quark-antiquark pair, the induced magnetic-monopole current, and the type of dual superconductivity, etc. In addition, we give a direct connection between the topological configuration of the Yang-Mills field such as instantons/merons and the magnetic monopole.
description: 304 pages; 62 figures and 13 tables; a version published in Physics Reports, including corrections of errors in v2
Spontaneous quantum Hall effect in an atomic spinor Bose-Fermi mixture
Creators: name: Xu, Zhi-Fang
name: Li, Xiaopeng
name: Zoller, Peter
name: Liu, W. Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a mixture of spin-$1$ bosonic and spin-$1/2$ fermionic cold atoms, e.g., $^{87}$Rb and $^{6}$Li, confined in a triangular optical lattice. With fermions at $3/4$ filling, Fermi surface nesting leads to spontaneous formation of various spin textures of bosons in the ground state, such as collinear, coplanar and even non-coplanar spin orders. The phase diagram is mapped out with varying boson tunneling and Bose-Fermi interactions. Most significantly, in one non-coplanar state the mixture is found to exhibit a spontaneous quantum Hall effect in fermions and crystalline superfluidity in bosons, both driven by interaction.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, updated version, accepted by Phys. Rev. Lett
Conciencia de nuestras emociones
Creators: name: Montaña, Luis Eduardo
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2022

description: Video perteneciente al mooc Comunicación oral en entornos jurídicos en el cual se explica la importancia de la somática en el ejercicio del derecho y la conciencia que se debe tener de las emociones para poder desarrollar habilidades comunicativas.