cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
To image, or not to image: Class-specific diffractive cameras with all-optical erasure of undesired objects
Creators: name: Bai, Bijie
name: Luo, Yi
name: Gan, Tianyi
name: Hu, Jingtian
name: Li, Yuhang
name: Zhao, Yifan
name: Mengu, Deniz
name: Jarrahi, Mona
name: Ozcan, Aydogan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Privacy protection is a growing concern in the digital era, with machine vision techniques widely used throughout public and private settings. Existing methods address this growing problem by, e.g., encrypting camera images or obscuring/blurring the imaged information through digital algorithms. Here, we demonstrate a camera design that performs class-specific imaging of target objects with instantaneous all-optical erasure of other classes of objects. This diffractive camera consists of transmissive surfaces structured using deep learning to perform selective imaging of target classes of objects positioned at its input field-of-view. After their fabrication, the thin diffractive layers collectively perform optical mode filtering to accurately form images of the objects that belong to a target data class or group of classes, while instantaneously erasing objects of the other data classes at the output field-of-view. Using the same framework, we also demonstrate the design of class-specific permutation cameras, where the objects of a target data class are pixel-wise permuted for all-optical class-specific encryption, while the other objects are irreversibly erased from the output image. The success of class-specific diffractive cameras was experimentally demonstrated using terahertz (THz) waves and 3D-printed diffractive layers that selectively imaged only one class of the MNIST handwritten digit dataset, all-optically erasing the other handwritten digits. This diffractive camera design can be scaled to different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, including, e.g., the visible and infrared wavelengths, to provide transformative opportunities for privacy-preserving digital cameras and task-specific data-efficient imaging.
description: 31 Pages, 7 Figures
Capacitively coupled pickup in MCP-based photodetectors using a conductive metallic anode
Creators: name: Angelico, Evan
name: Seiss, Todd
name: Adams, Bernhard
name: Elagin, Andrey
name: Frisch, Henry
name: Spieglan, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have designed and tested a robust 20 $\times$ 20 cm$^2$ thin metal film internal anode capacitively coupled to an external array of signal pads or micro-strips for use in fast microchannel plate photodetectors. The internal anode, in this case a 10nm-thick NiCr film deposited on a 96% pure Al$_2$O$_3$ 3mm-thick ceramic plate and connected to HV ground, provides the return path for the electron cascade charge. The multi-channel pickup array consists of a printed-circuit card or glass plate with metal signal pickups on one side and the signal ground plane on the other. The pickup can be put in close proximity to the bottom outer surface of the sealed photodetector, with no electrical connections through the photodetector hermetic vacuum package other than a single ground connection to the internal anode. Two pickup patterns were tested using a small commercial MCP-PMT as the signal source: 1) parallel 50$Ω$ 25-cm-long micro-strips with an analog bandwidth of 1.5 GHz, and 2) a 20 $\times$ 20 cm$^2$ array of 2-dimensional square `pads' with sides of 1.27 cm or 2.54 cm. The rise-time of the fast input pulse is maintained for both pickup patterns. For the pad pattern, we observe 80% of the directly coupled amplitude. For the strip pattern we measure 34% of the directly coupled amplitude on the central strip of a broadened signal. The physical decoupling of the photodetector from the pickup pattern allows easy customization for different applications while maintaining high analog bandwidth.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
Theoretical Modeling Expressions for Networked Enzymatic Signal Processing Steps as Logic Gates Optimized by Filtering
Creators: name: Privman, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe modeling approaches to a "network" of connected enzyme-catalyzed reactions, with added (bio)chemical processes that introduce biochemical filtering steps into the functioning of such a biocatalytic cascade. Theoretical expressions are derived that allow simple, few-parameter modeling of processes concatenated in such cascades, both with and without filtering. The modeling approach captures and explains features identified in earlier studies of enzymatic processes considered as potential "network components" for multi-step information/signal processing systems.
description: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1312.4235
Hedgehog lattice and field-induced chirality in breathing-pyrochlore Heisenberg antiferromagnets
Creators: name: Aoyama, Kazushi
name: Kawamura, Hikaru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically investigate a $J_1$-$J_3$ classical Heisenberg model on the breathing pyrochlore lattice, where the nearest-neighbor (NN) exchange interactions for small and large tetrahedra, $J_1$ and $J_1'$, take different values due to the breathing bond-alternation and $J_3$ is the third NN antiferromagnetic interaction along the bond direction. It is found by means of Monte Carlo simulations that for large $J_3$, a hedgehog lattice, a three-dimensional periodic array of magnetic monopoles and antimonopoles, emerges in the form of a quadruple-${\bf Q}$ state characterized by the ordering vector of ${\bf Q}=(\pm\frac{1}{2},\pm\frac{1}{2},\pm\frac{1}{2})$, being irrespective of the signs of $J_1$ and/or $J_1'$ as long as $J_1\neq J_1'$. It is also found that in an applied magnetic field, there appear six quadruple-${\bf Q}$ states depending on the values of $J_1$ and $J_1'$, among which three phases including the in-field hedgehog-lattice state exhibit nonzero total chirality $\mbox{\boldmath $χ$}^{\rm T}$ associated with the anomalous Hall effect of chirality origin. In the remaining two chiral phases, which are realized in the presence of ferromagnetic $J_1$ and/or $J_1'$, the spin structure is not topologically nontrivial, in spite of the fact that $\mbox{\boldmath $χ$}^{\rm T} \neq 0$. The role of the topological objects of the monopoles in $\mbox{\boldmath $χ$}^{\rm T}$ is also discussed.
description: 21 pages, 20 figures
An Autonomous Drone System with Jamming and Relative Positioning Capabilities
Creators: name: Souli, Nicolas
name: Kolios, Panayiotis
name: Ellinas, Georgios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: As the number of unauthorized operations of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is rising, the implementation of a versatile counter-drone system is becoming a necessity. In this work, we develop a drone-based counter-drone system, that employs algorithms for detecting and tracking a rogue drone, in conjunction with wireless interception capabilities to jointly jam the rogue drone while achieving self positioning for the pursuer drone. In the proposed system a software-defined-radio (SDR) is used for switching between jamming transmissions and spectrum sweeping functionalities to achieve the desired GPS disruption and self-localization, respectively. Extensive field experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed solution in a realworld environment under various parameter settings.
"Existential Risk: From Resilience to Antifragility"
Creators: name: Klisanin, Dana
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: cascading global crises
existential threats
global mental health
antifragility
human potential

description: Cascading global crises pose serious threats to the human psyche. To learn more about our ability to respond to such crises, I examined global data in light of pre-, peri-, and post-disaster risk factors known to contribute to post-disaster mental illness. Findings reveal one-third of the global population is vulnerable to developing psychopathology in confrontation with cascading global crises. Although research indicates that most people recover from disasters, our capacity for resilience is known to be compromised by numerous factors, specifically those arising in tandem with cascading global challenges. To address this area of psychological risk,  an expansion of our spectrum of wellbeing, from resilience to antifragility is proposed. Antifragility is postulated to be an inherent evolutionary capacity supported by research in post-traumatic growth. The emergent ‘antifragile mindset’ is presented as a theoretical framework within which we might navigate the mental health implications arising from cascading global crises, however further investigation is required, particularly into how diverse cultural context can shape and enhance our understanding.
Generalised Hayward spacetimes: Geometry, matter and scalar quasinormal modes
Creators: name: Roy, Poulami Dutta
name: Kar, Sayan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bardeen's 1968 idea of a regular black hole spacetime was revived by Hayward in 2006 through the construction of a new example of such a geometry. Later it was realised by Neves and Saa, that a wider, two-parameter class exists, with Bardeen and Hayward spacetimes as special cases. In this article, we revisit and generalise the Hayward spacetime by applying the Damour-Solodukhin (DS) prescription. Recalling the DS suggestion of a deformed Schwarzschild spacetime where $g_{tt} = -\left (1-\frac{2M_1}{r}\right )$, $g_{rr} = \left (1-\frac{2M_2}{r}\right )^{-1}$ and $M_1\neq M_2$, we propose a similar deformation of the Hayward geometry. The $g_{tt}$ and $g_{rr}$ in the original Hayward line element remain functionally the same, {\em albeit} mutations introduced via differently valued metric parameters, following the DS idea. This results in a plethora of spacetime geometries, known as well as new, and including singular black holes, wormholes or regular black holes. We first study the geometric features and matter content of each of such spacetimes in some detail. Subsequently, we find the scalar quasinormal modes corresponding to scalar wave propagation in these geometries. We investigate how the real and imaginary parts of the quasinormal modes depend on the values and ranges of the metric parameters used to classify the geometries. Finally, we argue how our results on this family of spacetimes suggest their utility as black hole mimickers.
description: 45 pages, 22 figures, 7 tables. Matches published version
$C^*$-algebra Net: A New Approach Generalizing Neural Network Parameters to $C^*$-algebra
Creators: name: Hashimoto, Yuka
name: Wang, Zhao
name: Matsui, Tomoko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a new framework that generalizes the parameters of neural network models to $C^*$-algebra-valued ones. $C^*$-algebra is a generalization of the space of complex numbers. A typical example is the space of continuous functions on a compact space. This generalization enables us to combine multiple models continuously and use tools for functions such as regression and integration. Consequently, we can learn features of data efficiently and adapt the models to problems continuously. We apply our framework to practical problems such as density estimation and few-shot learning and show that our framework enables us to learn features of data even with a limited number of samples. Our new framework highlights the potential possibility of applying the theory of $C^*$-algebra to general neural network models.
description: Accepted at ICML 2022
Numerical Convergence Rate for a Diffusive Limit of Hyperbolic Systems: p-System with Damping
Creators: name: Berthon, Christophe
name: Bessemoulin-Chatard, Marianne
name: Mathis, Hélène
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper deals with diffusive limit of the p-system with damping and its approximation by an Asymptotic Preserving (AP) Finite Volume scheme. Provided the system is endowed with an entropy-entropy flux pair, we give the convergence rate of classical solutions of the p-system with damping towards the smooth solutions of the porous media equation using a relative entropy method. Adopting a semi-discrete scheme, we establish that the convergence rate is preserved by the approximated solutions. Several numerical experiments illustrate the relevance of this result.
Compact 459 nm Cs cell optical frequency standard with $2.1\times{10}^{-13}/\sqrtτ$ short-term stability
Creators: name: Miao, Jianxiang
name: Shi, Tiantian
name: Zhang, Jia
name: Chen, Jingbiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We achieve a compact optical frequency standard with an extended cavity diode laser locked to the 459 nm 6S$_{1/2}$ - 7P$_{1/2}$ transition of thermal $^{133}$Cs atoms in a $ϕ$ 10 mm $\times$ 50 mm glass cell, using modulation transfer spectroscopy (MTS). The self-estimated frequency stability of this laser is $1.4\times{10}^{-14}/\sqrtτ$. With heterodyne measurement, we verify the linewidth-narrowing effect of MTS locking and measure the frequency stability of the locked laser. The linewidth of each laser is reduced from the free-running 69.6 kHz to 10.3 kHz after MTS stabilization, by a factor of 6.75. The Allan deviation measured via beat detection is $2.1\times{10}^{-13}/\sqrtτ$ for each MTS-stabilized laser. In addition, we measure the hyperfine structure of the 7P$_{1/2}$ energy level based on the heterodyne measurements, and calculate the magnetic dipole constant $A$ of the Cs 7P$_{1/2}$ level to be 94.38(6) MHz, which agrees well with previous measurements. This compact optical frequency standard can also be used in other applications that require high-stability lasers, such as laser interferometry, laser cooling, geodesy, and so on.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Physical Review Applied, under review
Study of Localized Character of 4f Electrons and Ultrasonic Dispersions in SmOs4Sb12 by High-Pressure High-Frequency Ultrasonic Measurements
Creators: name: Mombetsu, S.
name: Murazumi, T.
name: Hidaka, H.
name: Yanagisawa, T.
name: Amitsuka, H.
name: Ho, P. -C.
name: Maple, M. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present high-frequency ultrasonic measurements on the filled skutterudite SmOs$_4$Sb$_{12}$ under hydrostatic pressure. The results clarify that the 4$f$ electrons in this compound transform from delocalized at ambient pressure to localized at high pressures with a crossover pressure of approximately 0.7 GPa. This drastic change in the 4$f$ electrons under pressure is apparently related to the non-Fermi liquid state, which appears in an intermediate-pressure range of 0.5-1.5 GPa. The results or our analysis strongly suggest that the ferro-octupolar interaction becomes dominant at high pressure. Moreover, we report the pressure dependence of the ultrasonic dispersion, which is due to rattling, over a wide range of ultrasonic frequencies up to 323 MHz. The drastic change in the ultrasonic dispersions and the frequency dependent elastic anomaly in the $C_{11}$ mode at lower temperatures imply a possible coupling between rattling phonons and 4$f$ electrons.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Towards a Grounded Theory of Causation for Embodied AI
Creators: name: Cohen, Taco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: There exist well-developed frameworks for causal modelling, but these require rather a lot of human domain expertise to define causal variables and perform interventions. In order to enable autonomous agents to learn abstract causal models through interactive experience, the existing theoretical foundations need to be extended and clarified. Existing frameworks give no guidance regarding variable choice / representation, and more importantly, give no indication as to which behaviour policies or physical transformations of state space shall count as interventions. The framework sketched in this paper describes actions as transformations of state space, for instance induced by an agent running a policy. This makes it possible to describe in a uniform way both transformations of the micro-state space and abstract models thereof, and say when the latter is veridical / grounded / natural. We then introduce (causal) variables, define a mechanism as an invariant predictor, and say when an action can be viewed as a ``surgical intervention'', thus bringing the objective of causal representation \& intervention skill learning into clearer focus.
Non-ideal teleportation of tripartite entanglement: Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen versus Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger schemes
Creators: name: Cunha, Márcio M.
name: Fonseca, E. A.
name: Parisio, Fernando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Channels composed by Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs are capable of teleporting arbitrary multipartite states. The question arises whether EPR channels are also optimal against imperfections. In particular, the teleportation of Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states (GHZ) requires three EPR states as the channel and full measurements in the Bell basis. We show that, by using two GHZ states as the channel, it is possible to transport any unknown three-qubit state of the form $c_0|000\rangle+c_1|111\rangle$. The teleportation is made through measurements in the GHZ basis, and, to obtain deterministic results, in most of the investigated scenarios, four out of the eight elements of the basis need to be unambiguously distinguished. Most importantly, we show that when both, systematic errors and noise are considered, the fidelity of the teleportation protocol is higher when a GHZ channel is used in comparison to that of a channel composed by EPR pairs.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables
"Maniacs, Misanthropes, and Omnicidal Terrorists: Reassessing the Agential Risk Framework"
Creators: name: Torres, Emile
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: agential risks
omnicidal agents
global catastrophic risks
existential risks

description: Agential risks are the those that arise when agents willing to destroy the world collide with the technological ability to do this. Previous work on agential risks focused on the identities and motives of risky agents. This chapter explores the various aims that such agents might have, which constitute a distinct axis that is largely orthogonal to that of motives. In particular, I propose a novel typology of agential risks based on four possible goals: (i) killing a large portion of the human population; (ii) destroying civilization; (iii) triggering global violence and/or an apocalyptic war; and (iv) causing human extinction. Many risky agents identify only one of these as their ultimate goal, although they are of course not mutually exclusive. After providing a number of historical examples within each category, I turn to a different question, namely, “If a global catastrophe were to have happened, who would be most responsible?” This introduces Luke Kemp’s concept of “Agents of Doom,” which offers an alternative perspective to the agential risk approach that I first proposed in 2018. However, I suggest that these frameworks should be integrated, as successfully navigating the obstacle course of twenty-first-century death traps will require addressing both phenomena.
Eddy-Viscous Modeling and the Topology of Extreme Circulation Events in Three-Dimensional Turbulence
Creators: name: Apolinário, G. B.
name: Moriconi, L.
name: Pereira, R. M.
name: Valadão, V. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the role of particular velocity field configurations -- instantons, for short -- which are supposed to dominate the flow during the occurrence of extreme turbulent circulation events. Instanton equations, devised for the stochastic hydrodynamic setup of homogeneous and isotropic turbulence, are applied to the interpretation of direct numerical simulation results. We are able in this way to model the time evolution of extreme circulation events for a broad range of scales, through the combined use of eddy viscosity phenomenology and exact creeping instantons. While this approach works well for the core of circulation instantons, it fails to describe their tails. In order to overcome this difficulty, we put forward a numerical treatment of the axisymmetric instanton equations. Circulation instantons are then found to have a surprising topological structure, which consists of a system of paired counter-rotating vortex rings centered around the symmetry axis of a background axisymmetric vortical flow.
A multi-layer market for vehicle-to-grid energy trading in the smart grid
Creators: name: Lam, Albert Y. S.
name: Huang, Longbo
name: Silva, Alonso
name: Saad, Walid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this work, we propose a multi-layer market for vehicle-to-grid energy trading. In the macro layer, we consider a double auction mechanism, under which the utility company act as an auctioneer and energy buyers and sellers interact. This double auction mechanism is strategy-proof and converges asymptotically. In the micro layer, the aggregators, which are the sellers in the macro layer, are paid with commissions to sell the energy of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and to maximize their utilities. We analyze the interaction between the macro and micro layers and study some simplified cases. Depending on the elasticity of supply and demand, the utility is analyzed under different scenarios. Simulation results show that our approach can significantly increase the utility of PHEVs.
Equation of State of Neutron-Rich Matter in $d$-Dimensions
Creators: name: Cai, Bao-Jun
name: Li, Bao-An
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nuclear systems under constraints, with high degrees of symmetries and/or collectivities may be considered as moving effectively in spaces with reduced spatial dimensions. We first derive analytical expressions for the nucleon specific energy $E_0(ρ)$, pressure $P_0(ρ)$, incompressibility coefficient $K_0(ρ)$ and skewness coefficient $J_0(ρ)$ of symmetric nucleonic matter (SNM), the quadratic symmetry energy $E_{\rm{sym}}(ρ)$, its slope parameter $L(ρ)$ and curvature coefficient $K_{\rm{sym}}(ρ)$ as well as the fourth-order symmetry energy $E_{\rm{sym,4}}(ρ)$ of neutron-rich matter in general $d$ spatial dimensions (abbreviated as "$d$D") in terms of the isoscalar and isovector parts of the isospin-dependent single-nucleon potential according to the generalized Hugenholtz-Van Hove (HVH) theorem. The equation of state (EOS) of nuclear matter in $d$D can be linked to that in the conventional 3-dimensional (3D) space by the $ε$-expansion which is a perturbative approach successfully used previously in treating second-order phase transitions and related critical phenomena and more recently in studying the EOS of cold atoms. The $ε$-expansion of nuclear EOS in $d$D based on a reference dimension $d_{\rm{f}}=d-ε$ is shown to be effective with $-1\lesssimε\lesssim1$ starting from $1\lesssim d_{\rm{f}}\lesssim3$ in comparison with the exact expressions derived using the HVH theorem. Moreover, the EOS of SNM (with/without considering its potential part) is found to be reduced (enhanced) in lower (higher) dimensions, indicating in particular that the many-nucleon system tends to be deeper bounded but saturate at higher densities in spaces with lower dimensions. The links between the EOSs in 3D and $d$D spaces from the $ε$-expansion provide new perspectives to the EOS of neutron-rich matter.
description: With minor revisions and a new figure. Accepted by Annals of Physics
Investigating nuclear structure near $N = 32$ and $N = 34$: Precision mass measurements of neutron-rich Ca, Ti and V isotopes
Creators: name: Porter, W. S.
name: Dunling, E.
name: Leistenschneider, E.
name: Bergmann, J.
name: Bollen, G.
name: Dickel, T.
name: Dietrich, K. A.
name: Hamaker, A.
name: Hockenbery, Z.
name: Izzo, C.
name: Jacobs, A.
name: Javaji, A.
name: Kootte, B.
name: Lan, Y.
name: Miskun, I.
name: Mukul, I.
name: Murböck, T.
name: Paul, S. F.
name: Plaß, W. R.
name: Puentes, D.
name: Redshaw, M.
name: Reiter, M. P.
name: Ringle, R.
name: Ringuette, J.
name: Sandler, R.
name: Scheidenberger, C.
name: Silwal, R.
name: Simpson, R.
name: Sumithrarachchi, C. S.
name: Teigelhöfer, A.
name: Valverde, A. A.
name: Weil, R.
name: Yandow, I. T.
name: Dilling, J.
name: Kwiatkowski, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nuclear mass measurements of isotopes are key to improving our understanding of nuclear structure across the chart of nuclides, in particular for the determination of the appearance or disappearance of nuclear shell closures. We present high-precision mass measurements of neutron-rich Ca, Ti and V isotopes performed at the TITAN and LEBIT facilities. These measurements were made using the TITAN multiple-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometer (MR-ToF-MS) and the LEBIT 9.4T Penning trap mass spectrometer. In total, 13 masses were measured, eight of which represent increases in precision over previous measurements. These measurements refine trends in the mass surface around $N = 32$ and $N = 34$, and support the disappearance of the $N = 32$ shell closure with increasing proton number. Additionally, our data does not support the presence of a shell closure at $N = 34$.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Modeling and Modifying Response of Biochemical Processes for Biocomputing and Biosensing Signal Processing
Creators: name: Domanskyi, Sergii
name: Privman, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Processes involving multi-input multi-step reaction cascades are used in developing novel biosensing, biocomputing, and decision making systems. In various applications different changes in responses of the constituent processing steps (reactions) in a cascade are desirable in order to allow control of the system's response. Here we consider conversion of convex response to sigmoid by "intensity filtering," as well as "threshold filtering," and we offer a general overview of this field of research. Specifically, we survey rate equation modelling that has been used for enzymatic reactions. This allows us to design modified biochemical processes as "network components" with responses desirable in applications.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1305.5803, arXiv:1411.2185
Promotheus: An End-to-End Machine Learning Framework for Optimizing Markdown in Online Fashion E-commerce
Creators: name: Loh, Eleanor
name: Khandelwal, Jalaj
name: Regan, Brian
name: Little, Duncan A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: I.2.8; G.3; G.4
subject: 68T01 (Primary) 90C29, 9108 (Secondary)

description: Managing discount promotional events ("markdown") is a significant part of running an e-commerce business, and inefficiencies here can significantly hamper a retailer's profitability. Traditional approaches for tackling this problem rely heavily on price elasticity modelling. However, the partial information nature of price elasticity modelling, together with the non-negotiable responsibility for protecting profitability, mean that machine learning practitioners must often go through great lengths to define strategies for measuring offline model quality. In the face of this, many retailers fall back on rule-based methods, thus forgoing significant gains in profitability that can be captured by machine learning. In this paper, we introduce two novel end-to-end markdown management systems for optimising markdown at different stages of a retailer's journey. The first system, "Ithax", enacts a rational supply-side pricing strategy without demand estimation, and can be usefully deployed as a "cold start" solution to collect markdown data while maintaining revenue control. The second system, "Promotheus", presents a full framework for markdown optimization with price elasticity. We describe in detail the specific modelling and validation procedures that, within our experience, have been crucial to building a system that performs robustly in the real world. Both markdown systems achieve superior profitability compared to decisions made by our experienced operations teams in a controlled online test, with improvements of 86% (Promotheus) and 79% (Ithax) relative to manual strategies. These systems have been deployed to manage markdown at ASOS.com, and both systems can be fruitfully deployed for price optimization across a wide variety of retail e-commerce settings.
description: 11 pages; Accepted at KDD 2022
Comment on "Fractional quantum mechanics" and "Fractional Schroedinger equation"
Creators: name: Wei, Yuchuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this comment, we point out some shortcomings in two papers "Fractional quantum mechanics" [Phys. Rev. E 62, 3135 (2000)] and "Fractional Schroedinger equation" [Phys. Rev. E 66, 056108 (2002)]. We prove that the fractional uncertainty relation does not hold generally. The probability continuity equation in fractional quantum mechanics has a missing source term, which leads to particle teleportation, i.e., a particle can teleport from one place to another. Since the relativistic kinetic energy can be viewed as an approximate realization of the fractional kinetic energy, the particle teleportation should be an observable relativistic effect in quantum mechanics. With the help of this concept, superconductivity could be viewed as the teleportation of electrons from one side of a superconductor to another and superfluidity could be viewed as the teleportation of helium atoms from one end of a capillary tube to the other. We also point out how to teleport a particle to a destination.
description: I have the pdf generated by editorial office, but do not have the source file the system asks for. This file is the same as the published one in the contents, but format may be a little different, like 1 or 2 columns
Premelting-Induced Smoothening of the Ice-Vapor Interface
Creators: name: Benet, Jorge
name: Llombart, Pablo
name: Sanz, Eduardo
name: MacDowell, Luis G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform computer simulations of the quasiliquid layer of ice formed at the ice-vapor interface close to the ice Ih-liquid-vapor triple point of water. Our study shows that the two distinct surfaces bounding the film behave at small wavelengths as atomically rough and independent ice-water and water-vapor interfaces. For long wavelengths, however, the two surfaces couple, large scale parallel fluctuations are inhibited, and the ice-vapor interface becomes smooth. Our results could help explain the complex morphology of ice crystallites.
description: postprint plus supplemental material with details on simulation and theory
Log-CCDM: Distribution Matching via Multiplication-free Arithmetic Coding
Creators: name: Gültekin, Yunus Can
name: Willems, Frans M. J.
name: Alvarado, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Recent years have seen renewed attention to arithmetic coding (AC). This is thanks to the use of AC for distribution matching (DM) to control the channel input distribution in probabilistic amplitude shaping. There are two main problems inherent to AC: (1) its required arithmetic precision grows linearly with the input length, and (2) high-precision multiplications and divisions are required. Here, we introduce a multiplication-free AC-based DM technique via three lookup tables (LUTs) which solves both problems above. These LUTs are used to approximate the high-precision multiplications and divisions by additions and subtractions. The required precision of our approach is shown to grow logarithmically with the input length. We prove that this approximate technique maintains the invertibility of DM. At an input length of 1024 symbols, the proposed technique achieves negligible rate loss ($<0.01$ bit/sym) against the full-precision DM, while requiring less than 4 kilobytes of storage.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, presented at the ISIT 2022
ALMA observations of the $η$ Corvi debris disc: inward scattering of CO-rich exocomets by a chain of 3-30 M$_\oplus$ planets?
Creators: name: Marino, S.
name: Wyatt, M. C.
name: Panic, O.
name: Matra, L.
name: Kennedy, G. M.
name: Bonsor, A.
name: Kral, Q.
name: Dent, W. R. F
name: Duchene, G.
name: Wilner, D.
name: Lisse, C. M.
name: Lestrade, J. -F.
name: Matthews, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While most of the known debris discs present cold dust at tens of AU, a few young systems exhibit hot dust analogous to the Zodiacal dust. $η$ Corvi is particularly interesting as it is old and it has both, with its hot dust significantly exceeding the maximum luminosity of an in-situ collisional cascade. Previous work suggested that this system could be undergoing an event similar to the Late Heavy Bombardment (LHB) soon after or during a dynamical instability. Here we present ALMA observations of $η$ Corvi with a resolution of 1."2 (~22au) to study its outer belt. The continuum emission is consistent with an axisymmetric belt, with a mean radius of 152au and radial FWHM of 46au, which is too narrow compared to models of inward scattering of an LHB-like scenario. Instead, the hot dust could be explained as material passed inwards in a rather stable planetary configuration. We also report a 4sigma detection of CO at ~ 20au. CO could be released in situ from icy planetesimals being passed in when crossing the H$_2$O or CO$_2$ ice lines. Finally, we place constraints on hidden planets in the disc. If a planet is sculpting the disc's inner edge, this should be orbiting at 75-100au, with a mass of 3-30 M$_\oplus$ and an eccentricity < 0.08. Such a planet would be able to clear its chaotic zone on a timescale shorter than the age of the system and scatter material inwards from the outer belt to the inner regions, thus feeding the hot dust.
description: 22 pages, 16 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
A Herschel view of protoplanetary disks in the $σ$ Ori cluster
Creators: name: Maucó, Karina
name: Hernández, Jesús
name: Calvet, Nuria
name: Ballesteros-Paredes, Javier
name: Briceño, César
name: McClure, Melissa
name: D'Alessio, Paola
name: Anderson, Kassandra
name: Ali, Babar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new Herschel PACS observations of 32 T Tauri stars in the young ($\sim$3 Myr) $σ$ Ori cluster. Most of our objects are K & M stars with large excesses at 24 $μ$m. We used irradiated accretion disk models of D'Alessio et al. (2006) to compare their spectral energy distributions with our observational data. We arrive at the following six conclusions. (i) The observed disks are consistent with irradiated accretion disks systems. (ii) Most of our objects (60%) can be explained by significant dust depletion from the upper disk layers. (iii) Similarly, 61% of our objects can be modeled with large disk sizes ($\rm R_{\rm d} \geq$ 100 AU). (iv) The masses of our disks range between 0.03 to 39 $\rm M_{Jup}$, where 35% of our objects have disk masses lower than 1 Jupiter. Although these are lower limits, high mass ($>$ 0.05 M$_{\odot}$) disks, which are present e.g, in Taurus, are missing. (v) By assuming a uniform distribution of objects around the brightest stars at the center of the cluster, we found that 80% of our disks are exposed to external FUV radiation of $300 \leq G_{0} \leq 1000$, which can be strong enough to photoevaporate the outer edges of the closer disks. (vi) Within 0.6 pc from $σ$ Ori we found forbidden emission lines of [NII] in the spectrum of one of our large disk (SO662), but no emission in any of our small ones. This suggests that this object may be an example of a photoevaporating disk.
description: Accepted by the Astrophysical Journal. 37 pages, 20 figures. Section 6 presents estimations of disks masses and radii and evidence of external photoevaporation
A Minimalist Feedback-Regulated Model for Galaxy Formation During the Epoch of Reionization
Creators: name: Furlanetto, Steven
name: Mirocha, Jordan
name: Mebane, Richard
name: Sun, Guochao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Near-infrared surveys have now determined the luminosity functions of galaxies at 610, but the bright galaxies accessible to observations decline much faster than the total. Deviations from our predictions would provide evidence for new astrophysics within the first generations of galaxies. We also provide predictions for galaxy measurements by future facilities, including JWST and WFIRST.
description: 19 pages, 12 figures, submitted to MNRAS
In-orbit Performance of UVIT on ASTROSAT
Creators: name: Subramaniam, Annapurni
name: Tandon, Shyam N.
name: Hutchings, John
name: Ghosh, Swarna K.
name: George, Koshy
name: Girish, V.
name: Kamath, P. U.
name: Kathiravan, S.
name: Kumar, Amit
name: Lancelot, J. Paul
name: Mahesh, P. K.
name: Mohan, Rekhesh
name: Murthy, Jayant
name: Nagabhushana, S.
name: Pati, Ashok K.
name: Postma, Joe
name: Rao, N. Kameswara
name: Sankarasubramanian, Kasiviswanathan
name: Sreekumar, P.
name: Sriram, S.
name: Stalin, Chelliah S.
name: Sutaria, Firoza
name: Sreedhar, Yuvraj Harsha
name: Barve, Indrajit V.
name: Mondal, Chayan
name: Sahu, Snehalata
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the in-orbit performance and the first results from the ultra-violet Imaging telescope (UVIT) on ASTROSAT. UVIT consists of two identical 38cm coaligned telescopes, one for the FUV channel (130-180nm) and the other for the NUV (200-300nm) and VIS (320-550nm) channels, with a field of view of 28 $arcmin$. The FUV and the NUV detectors are operated in the high gain photon counting mode whereas the VIS detector is operated in the low gain integration mode. The FUV and NUV channels have filters and gratings, whereas the VIS channel has filters. The ASTROSAT was launched on 28th September 2015. The performance verification of UVIT was carried out after the opening of the UVIT doors on 30th November 2015, till the end of March 2016 within the allotted time of 50 days for calibration. All the on-board systems were found to be working satisfactorily. During the PV phase, the UVIT observed several calibration sources to characterise the instrument and a few objects to demonstrate the capability of the UVIT. The resolution of the UVIT was found to be about 1.4 - 1.7 $arcsec$ in the FUV and NUV. The sensitivity in various filters were calibrated using standard stars (white dwarfs), to estimate the zero-point magnitudes as well as the flux conversion factor. The gratings were also calibrated to estimate their resolution as well as effective area. The sensitivity of the filters were found to be reduced up to 15\% with respect to the ground calibrations. The sensitivity variation is monitored on a monthly basis. UVIT is all set to roll out science results with its imaging capability with good resolution and large field of view, capability to sample the UV spectral region using different filters and capability to perform variability studies in the UV.
description: 10 pages, To appear in SPIE conference proceedings, SPIE conference paper, 2016
Hamiltonian Approach to Internal Wave-Current Interactions in a Two-Media Fluid with a Rigid Lid
Creators: name: Compelli, Alan
name: Ivanov, Rossen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35Q35, 37K05, 74J30

description: We examine a two-media 2-dimensional fluid system consisting of a lower medium bounded underneath by a flatbed and an upper medium with a free surface with wind generated surface waves but considered bounded above by a lid by an assumption that surface waves have negligible amplitude. An internal wave driven by gravity which propagates in the positive $x$-direction acts as a free common interface between the media. The current is such that it is zero at the flatbed but a negative constant, due to an assumption that surface winds blow in the negative $x$-direction, at the lid. We are concerned with the layers adjacent to the internal wave in which there exists a depth dependent current for which there is a greater underlying than overlying current. Both media are considered incompressible and having non-zero constant vorticities. The governing equations are written in canonical Hamiltonian form in terms of the variables, associated to the wave (in a presence of a constant current). The resultant equations of motion show that wave-current interaction is influenced only by the current profile in the 'strip' adjacent to the internal wave.
description: 13 pages, 1 figure
How does the spreading speed associated with the Fisher-KPP equation depend on random stationary diffusion and reaction terms?
Creators: name: Nadin, Grégoire
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider one-dimensional reaction-diffusion equations of Fisher-KPP type with random stationary ergodic coefficients. A classical result of Freidlin and Gartner [16] yields that the solutions of the initial value problems associated with compactly supported initial data admit a linear spreading speed almost surely. We use in this paper a new characterization of this spreading speed recently proved in [8] in order to investigate the dependence of this speed with respect to the heterogeneity of the diffusion and reaction terms. We prove in particular that adding a reaction term with null average or rescaling the coefficients by the change of variables x $\rightarrow$ x/L, with L \textgreater{} 1, speeds up the propagation. From a modelling point of view, these results mean that adding some heterogeneity in the medium gives a higher invasion speed, while fragmentation of the medium slows down the invasion.
Solar Physics Research in the Russian Subcontinent - Current Status and Future
Creators: name: Pevtsov, A. A.
name: Nagovitsyn, Yu. A.
name: Tlatov, A. G.
name: Demidov, M. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Modern research in solar physics in Russia is a multifaceted endeavor, which includes multi-wavelength observations from the ground- and space-based instruments, extensive theoretical and numerical modeling studies, new instrument development, and cross-disciplinary and international research. The research is conducted at the research organizations under the auspices of the Russian Academy of Sciences and to a lesser extent, by the research groups at Universities. Here, we review the history of solar physics research in Russia, and provide an update on recent developments.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication, Asian Journal of Physics
Massive Neutron Stars and White Dwarfs as Noncommutative Fuzzy Spheres
Creators: name: Kalita, Surajit
name: Mukhopadhyay, Banibrata
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Over the last couple of decades, there are direct and indirect evidences for massive compact objects than their conventional counterparts. A couple of such examples are super-Chandrasekhar white dwarfs and massive neutron stars. The observations of more than a dozen peculiar over-luminous type Ia supernovae predict their origins from super-Chandrasekhar white dwarf progenitors. On the other hand, recent gravitational wave detection and some pulsar observations argue for massive neutron stars, lying in the famous mass-gap between lowest astrophysical black hole and conventional highest neutron star masses. We show that the idea of a squashed fuzzy sphere, which brings in noncommutative geometry, can self-consistently explain either of the massive objects as if they are actually fuzzy or squashed fuzzy spheres. Noncommutative geometry is a branch of quantum gravity. If the above proposal is correct, it will provide observational evidences for noncommutativity.
description: 13 pages with 5 figures; invited article in a special issue "Quantum Gravity Phenomenology" under section "Foundations of Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Gravity" in Universe; accepted for publication