cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Causal hydrodynamic fluctuations in a one-dimensional expanding system
Creators: name: Fujii, Shin-ei
name: Hirano, Tetsufumi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive equations of motion of hydrodynamic fluctuations performing perturbative expansion of the energy-momentum conservation equations around the boost invariant solution in one-dimensional expanding system. In the course of derivation, we do not assume any specific forms of constitutive equations for shear stress tensor $π^{μν}$ and bulk pressure $Π$. Therefore, the framework enables us to employ any constitutive equations beyond the Navier-Stokes theory which satisfy the causality. Employing Israel-Stewart equations as examples of the constitutive equations, we demonstrate the dynamics of causal hydrodynamic fluctuations in (1+1)-dimensional Milne coordinates. We observe that structure of energy density fluctuations is almost frozen in the early stage of the expansion. Two-point correlations of energy density fluctuations turn out to be closely related with the properties of the medium such as sound velocity, viscosity, and relaxation time. Furthermore, we show that two-particle correlation functions of final hadrons after freezeout inherit correlations of thermodynamic variables and flow rapidity. This opens a new door for an analysis of transport properties of the medium produced in relativistic heavy ion collisions.
description: 18 pages, 14 figures, Published in Physical Review C
Antihyperlipidemic effect and GC-MS analysis of phytoconstituents from Laurus nobilis essential oil in rat
Creators: name: Amssayef, Ayoub
name: Soulaimani, Bouchra
name: Qabouche, Adil
name: Abbad, Abdelaziz
name: Eddouks, Mohamed
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Laurus nobilis (L. nobilis) essential oil (EOs) (80 mg/kg) on Triton WR-1339-induced dyslipidemia in Wistar rats. The effect of L. nobilis essential oil (80 mg/kg) on lipid and lipoprotein profile was examined on Triton WR-1339-induced dyslipidemia in rats. Furthermore, the phytochemical evaluation was performed by GC-MS. In Addition, the acute toxicity of this EO was evaluated at a dose of 2 g/kg. The results revealed that the main constituents of L. nobilis EO were 1,8-cineole (39.5%), linalool (13.09%), and a-terpineol (11.55%). Furthermore, the EO did not cause any signs of toxicity or mortality, and the acute lethal dose 50 (LD50) was estimated to be higher than 2 g/kg. L. nobilis EO ameliorated lipid parameters and atherogenic indices. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that L. nobilis essential oils possess antidyslipidemic activity in acute model of hyperlipidaemia.
Fast hyperboloid decision tree algorithms
Creators: name: Chlenski, Philippe
name: Turok, Ethan
name: Moretti, Antonio
name: Pe'er, Itsik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Hyperbolic geometry is gaining traction in machine learning for its effectiveness at capturing hierarchical structures in real-world data. Hyperbolic spaces, where neighborhoods grow exponentially, offer substantial advantages and consistently deliver state-of-the-art results across diverse applications. However, hyperbolic classifiers often grapple with computational challenges. Methods reliant on Riemannian optimization frequently exhibit sluggishness, stemming from the increased computational demands of operations on Riemannian manifolds. In response to these challenges, we present hyperDT, a novel extension of decision tree algorithms into hyperbolic space. Crucially, hyperDT eliminates the need for computationally intensive Riemannian optimization, numerically unstable exponential and logarithmic maps, or pairwise comparisons between points by leveraging inner products to adapt Euclidean decision tree algorithms to hyperbolic space. Our approach is conceptually straightforward and maintains constant-time decision complexity while mitigating the scalability issues inherent in high-dimensional Euclidean spaces. Building upon hyperDT we introduce hyperRF, a hyperbolic random forest model. Extensive benchmarking across diverse datasets underscores the superior performance of these models, providing a swift, precise, accurate, and user-friendly toolkit for hyperbolic data analysis.
Real-space formulation of topology for disordered Rice-Mele chains without chiral symmetry
Creators: name: Hattori, Kiminori
name: Yamaguchi, Ata
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we derive a real-space topological invariant that involves all energy states in the system. This global invariant, denoted by $Q$, is always quantized to be 0 or 1, independent of symmetries. In terms of $Q$, we numerically investigate topological properties of the nonchiral Rice-Mele model including random onsite potentials to show that nontrivial bulk topology is sustained for weak enough disorder. In this regime, a finite spectral gap persists, and then $Q$ is definitely identified. We also consider sublattice polarization of disorder potentials. In this case, the energy spectrum retains a gap regardless of disorder strength so that $Q$ is unaffected by disorder. This implies that bulk topology remains intact as long as the spectral gap opens.
description: 7 figures
Giant Magnetothermal Conductivity Switching in Semimetallic WSi$_{2}$ Single Crystals
Creators: name: Koster, Karl G.
name: Hise, Jackson
name: Heremans, Joseph P.
name: Goldberger, Joshua E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Materials able to rapidly switch between thermally conductive states by external stimuli such as electric or magnetic fields can be used as all-solid-state thermal switches and open a myriad of applications in heat management, power generation and cooling. Here, we show that the large magnetoresistance that occurs in the highly conducting semimetal $α$-WSi$_{2}$ single crystals leads to dramatically large changes in thermal conductivity at temperatures <100 K. At temperatures <20 K, where electron-phonon scattering is minimized, the thermal conductivity switching ratio between zero field and a 9T applied field can be >7. We extract the electronic and lattice components of the from the thermal conductivity measurements and show that the Lorenz number for this material approximates the theoretical value of L$_{0}$. From the heat capacity and thermal diffusivity, the speed of thermal conductivity switching is estimated to range from 1 x 10$^{-4}$ seconds at 5 K to 0.2 seconds at 100 K for a 5-mm long sample. This work shows that WSi$_{2}$, a highly conducting multi-carrier semimetal, is a promising thermal switch component for low-temperature applications such cyclical adiabatic demagnetization cooling, a technique that would enable replacing $^{3}$He-based refrigerators.
description: 20 pages, 6 figures
Additional file 1 of The association between device-measured sitting time and cardiometabolic health risk factors in children
Creators: name: Contardo Ayala, Ana María
name: Ridgers, Nicola D.
name: Timperio, Anna
name: Arundell, Lauren
name: Dunstan, David W.
name: Hesketh, Kylie D.
name: Daly, Robin M.
name: Salmon, Jo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplementary Material 1
Mixed-Variable Global Sensitivity Analysis For Knowledge Discovery And Efficient Combinatorial Materials Design
Creators: name: Comlek, Yigitcan
name: Wang, Liwei
name: Chen, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Global Sensitivity Analysis (GSA) is the study of the influence of any given inputs on the outputs of a model. In the context of engineering design, GSA has been widely used to understand both individual and collective contributions of design variables on the design objectives. So far, global sensitivity studies have often been limited to design spaces with only quantitative (numerical) design variables. However, many engineering systems also contain, if not only, qualitative (categorical) design variables in addition to quantitative design variables. In this paper, we integrate Latent Variable Gaussian Process (LVGP) with Sobol' analysis to develop the first metamodel-based mixed-variable GSA method. Through numerical case studies, we validate and demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method for mixed-variable problems. Furthermore, while the proposed GSA method is general enough to benefit various engineering design applications, we integrate it with multi-objective Bayesian optimization (BO) to create a sensitivity-aware design framework in accelerating the Pareto front design exploration for metal-organic framework (MOF) materials with many-level combinatorial design spaces. Although MOFs are constructed only from qualitative variables that are notoriously difficult to design, our method can utilize sensitivity analysis to navigate the optimization in the many-level large combinatorial design space, greatly expediting the exploration of novel MOF candidates.
description: 35 Pages, 10 Figures, 2 Tables
Casimir effect in axion electrodynamics with lattice regularizations
Creators: name: Nakayama, Katsumasa
name: Suzuki, Kei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Casimir effect is induced by the interplay between photon fields and boundary conditions, and in particular, photon fields modified in axion electrodynamics may lead to the sign-flipping of the Casimir energy. We propose a theoretical approach to derive the Casimir effect in axion electrodynamics. This approach is based on a lattice regularization and enables us to discuss the dependence on the lattice spacing for the Casimir energy. With this approach, the sign-flipping behavior of the Casimir energy is correctly reproduced. By taking the continuum limit of physical quantity calculated on the lattice, we can obtain the results consistent with the continuum theory. This approach can also be applied to the Casimir effect at nonzero temperature.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures; published version
Alternative effective mass functions in the modified Mukhanov-Sasaki equation of loop quantum cosmology
Creators: name: Li, Bao-Fei
name: Singh, Parampreet
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Modifications to the Mukhanov-Sasaki equation in loop quantum cosmology (LQC) have been phenomenologically explored using polymerization of the connection and related variables in the classical expressions in order to capture the quantum gravity effects in cosmological perturbations which replace the classical big bang by a big bounce. Examples of this strategy include the dressed metric and the hybrid approaches whose inter-relationship at an effective level was demonstrated by the authors recently. In this manuscript, we propose a new family of the effective mass functions in the modified Mukhanov-Sasaki equation of LQC by investigating the polymerization of a particular form of the classical mass function in terms of variable $z_s$($=a\dot ϕ/H$) which relates the Mukhanov-Sasaki variable with the comoving curvature perturbation. Using a generalized ansatz motivated by quantum gravity effects in the background dynamics we find alternative effective mass functions which are distinct from those used in the dressed metric and the hybrid approaches with differences originating from the non-commutativity of the evaluation of the Poisson brackets and the polymerization procedures. The new effective mass functions acquire four correction terms in the effective potential whose exact forms are closely tied up with the ansatz used for polymerizing the inverse Hubble rate. In contrast to earlier works, one of these correction terms can in principle produce sizable effects even when the bounce is kinetic dominated. Our investigation opens a new window to explore the phenomenological implications of a large family of effective mass functions in LQC which can potentially lead to significant departures from the dressed metric and the hybrid approaches in the bounce regime.
description: References added. Version published in PRD
Combining Samples from Multiple Gears Helps to Avoid Fishy Growth Curves
Creators: name: Barbour, Andrew B.
name: Allen, Micheal S.
name: Wilson, Kyle L.
name: Matthias, Bryan G.
name: Ahrens, Robert N. M.
name: Tuten, Travis
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Engineering

description: Size-at-age information is critical in estimating growth parameters (e.g., the von Bertalanffy growth function [VBGF]) that are used to assess fish populations. Due to gear selectivity, single sampling methods rarely sample all ages or all sizes equally well. Most growth estimates rely on samples from a single gear or a haphazard combination of gears, potentially leading to biased and imprecise growth parameter estimates. We evaluated the efficacy of combining samples from two gears with different size selectivity to estimate VBGF parameters; we then applied that approach to a case study on the Lochloosa Lake (Florida) population of Black Crappies Pomoxis nigromaculatus. Simulated age- and size-structured populations were randomly sampled with two gears characterized by different size-selectivity curves (one gear was selective for smaller fish; the other was selective for larger fish). Maximum likelihood VBGF estimates obtained for each gear separately were compared with estimates from a combined VBGF fitted to data from both gears. In every simulated scenario, a combined-gear approach reduced bias and increased precision for estimating the VBGF, but the gear-specific proportions that improved VBGF estimates depended on size selectivity. The VBGF estimates for the Black Crappie population showed that the combined-gear method yielded intermediate parameter values relative to single-gear approaches based on (1) trawl sampling (fishery-independent survey) and (2) angler harvest (as determined from carcass collections; fishery-dependent data). Furthermore, the combined-gear approach had greater precision in individual parameter estimates and much less variance than single-gear approaches when estimating the VBGF. Combining data from two gears can increase sample representativeness, leading to improvements in VBGF estimation. Such approaches can reduce uncertainty in VBGF estimation and can provide insight into key demographic processes occurring in fish populations for which ontogeny and gear selectivity lead to imperfect sampling.Received January 22, 2015; accepted July 30, 2015
Additional file 1 of A chest CT-based nomogram for predicting survival in acute myeloid leukemia
Creators: name: Yi, Xiaoping
name: Zhan, Huien
name: Lyu, Jun
name: Du, Juan
name: Dai, Min
name: Zhao, Min
name: Zhang, Yu
name: Zhou, Cheng
name: Xu, Xin
name: Fan, Yi
name: Li, Lin
name: Dong, Baoxia
name: Jiang, Xinya
name: Xiao, Zeyu
name: Zhou, Jihao
name: Zhao, Minyi
name: Zhang, Jian
name: Fu, Yan
name: Chen, Tingting
name: Xu, Yang
name: Tian, Jie
name: Liu, Qifa
name: Zeng, Hui
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Supplementary Material 1
Tidal effects up to next-to-next-to leading post-Newtonian order in massless scalar-tensor theories
Creators: name: Bernard, Laura
name: Dones, Eve
name: Mougiakakos, Stavros
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article, we study the tidal effects in the gravitationally bound two-body system at next-to-next-to leading post-Newtonian order for spin-less sources in massless scalar-tensor theories. We compute the conservative dynamics, using both a Fokker Lagrangian approach and effective field theory with the PN-EFT formalism. We also compute the ten conserved quantities at the same NNLO order. Finally, we extend our results from simple ST theories to Einstein-scalar-Gauss-Bonnet gravity. Such results are important in preparation of the science case of the next generation of gravitational wave detectors.
description: 24 pages + supplementary file
UrbanFarm2022. Building multi-disciplinary knowledge for urban green regeneration and sustainable food systems
Creators: name: Orsini, Francesco
name: Frasnetti, Elisa
name: D'Ostuni, Michele
name: Zauli, Ilaria
name: Carotti, Laura
name: Picca, Giuseppe
name: Pennisi, Giuseppina
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2022
Subjects: AGR/01 Economia ed estimo rurale
AGR/04 Orticoltura e floricoltura

description: The book contains the results and projects that participated in the UrbanFarm2022 International Student Challenge organized by the Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna
Diritto e amministrazione della sanità - Approfondimenti a.a. 2020-2021.
Creators: name: Gola, Marcella
name: Acri, Pietro
name: Donati, Daniele
name: Tubertini, Claudia
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2022
Subjects: IUS/10 Diritto amministrativo

description: Il presente volume raccoglie i risultati dei progetti di ricerca elaborati dagli allievi del Master Universitario di I Livello in Diritto e amministrazione della sanità, svoltosi nell’a.a. 2020/2021 presso la Scuola di Specializzazione in Studi sull’Amministrazione Pubblica dell’Alma Mater Studiorum- Università di Bologna. Gli studi redatti si propongono di analizzare alcune tematiche del settore medico-sanitario, ritenute di particolare rilevanza e attualità in quanto il perdurare dell’emergenza legata alla pandemia da SARS-CoV-2 ha fatto emergere nuove esigenze e problematicità per la cui risoluzione occorre individuare gli strumenti adeguati, spesso basandosi sulla riconsiderazione dei modelli utilizzati in precedenza. I temi selezionati riguardano: Gli strumenti di governo coordinato della sanità (a cura di Claudia Tubertini); Vaccini e pandemia: problematiche giuridiche (a cura di Marcella Gola); Public procurement in sanità tra programmazione e flessibilità (a cura di Pietro Acri); L'amministrazione sanitaria tra scienza e diritti dei cittadini (a cura di Daniele Donati).
Towards the theory of Yangians
Creators: name: Galakhov, Dmitry
name: Morozov, Alexei
name: Tselousov, Nikita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We review the main ideas underlying the emerging theory of Yangians -- the new type of hidden symmetry in string-inspired models. Their classification by quivers is a far-going generalization of simple Lie algebras classification by Dynkin diagrams. However, this is still a kind of project, while a more constructive approach goes through toric Calabi-Yau spaces, related supersymmetric systems and the Duistermaat-Heckmann/equivariant integrals between the fixed points in the ADHM-like moduli spaces. These fixed points are classified by crystals (Young-type diagrams) and Yangian generators describe ``instanton'' transitions between them. Detailed examples will be presented elsewhere.
Additional file 1 of Subclinical epileptiform discharges in Alzheimer’s disease are associated with increased hippocampal blood flow
Creators: name: Musaeus, Christian Sandøe
name: Kjaer, Troels Wesenberg
name: Lindberg, Ulrich
name: Vestergaard, Mark B.
name: Bo, Henrik
name: Larsson, Wiberg
name: Press, Daniel Zvi
name: Andersen, Birgitte Bo
name: Høgh, Peter
name: Kidmose, Preben
name: Hemmsen, Martin Christian
name: Rank, Mike Lind
name: Hasselbalch, Steen Gregers
name: Waldemar, Gunhild
name: Frederiksen, Kristian Steen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health

description: Supplementary Material 1
BENS DIGITAIS E HERANÇA DIGITAL: DESAFIOS E PERSPECTIVAS NO ORDENAMENTO JURÍDICO BRASILEIRO
Creators: name: Rachid Paulo Thomaz da Silva GUEDES
name: Severina Alves de ALMEIDA SISSI
name: Jocirley de OLIVEIRA
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Bens digitais
Herança digital
Sucessão
Privacidade
Ordenamento jurídico brasileiro

description: RESUMO

Com o aumento da digitalização das relações humanas, a herança de bens digitais tornou-se um tema relevante no ordenamento jurídico contemporâneo, especialmente no Brasil, onde a legislação ainda não aborda de forma clara a sucessão digital. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar os desafios e perspectivas relacionados à herança digital no contexto jurídico brasileiro, com base em uma pesquisa de natureza bibliográfica. A abordagem foca na definição e na natureza jurídica dos bens digitais, bem como nas lacunas presentes no Código Civil quanto à sucessão desses bens. A pesquisa também discute os conflitos entre os direitos dos herdeiros e o direito à privacidade do falecido, além de explorar propostas legislativas para regulamentar a herança digital. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de uma regulamentação clara e eficaz, que contemple tanto a proteção dos herdeiros quanto o respeito à privacidade e à proteção de dados. O estudo se destaca por sua relevância no momento atual, à medida que a sociedade caminha para um ambiente cada vez mais digitalizado, exigindo novas soluções jurídicas que acompanhem essa evolução.
Forschungen zum Berufseinstieg: Übergang von der Ausbildung in den Beruf
Creators: name: Keller-Schneider, Manuela
name: Hericks, Uwe
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Lehrperson
Lehrprofession
Berufseinstieg
Unterrichtskompetenz
Lehrkompetenz
Bildungsforschung
Professionsforschung

description: Der Einstieg in den Lehrerberuf stellt Anforderungen, die individuell verschieden wahrgenommen und bewältigt werden. Ausbildungswissen kann im Berufsalltag nicht direkt angewandt, sondern muss auf die jeweils aktuellen Situationen ausgerichtet und entsprechend angepasst werden. Die Weiterentwicklung der eigenen Kompetenzen im Sinne eines vielschichtigen Bildungsprozesses ist gefordert. Der Prozess des Lehrerwerdens ist ein komplexer, krisenhaft er und individueller Entwicklungsprozess, der sich aus dem Zusammenspiel von person- und situationsspezifischen Faktoren ergibt (Terhart, 2001). Die Person wird dabei als Gestalterin der eigenen Biographie, nicht als Opfer ihrer Lebensumstände angesehen (Keller-Schneider, 2010a, S. 102). Forschungen zum Berufseinstieg der letzten drei Jahrzehnte fokussierten entweder die sozialisatorischen Wirkungen des Berufs, bezogen sich auf Probleme und Anfangsschwierigkeiten oder waren berufsbiographisch in life-span-Orientierung angelegt. Der Begriff ‚Berufseinstieg‘ wird im Zuge des in den letzten Jahren verstärkten Einbezugs von Tätigkeiten im Praxisfeld Schule während der Studienzeit auch für die Unterrichtstätigkeit vor Ausbildungsabschluss verwendet. Der folgende Beitrag definiert Berufseinstieg als erstmalige eigenverantwortlich ausgeführte Berufstätigkeit, welche durch die «sprunghaft ansteigende Komplexität der Berufsanforderungen bei Übernahme der vollen beruflichen Verantwortung» gekennzeichnet ist (Keller-Schneider, 2011b, S. 125). Im ersten Teil des vorliegenden Beitrags werden zunächst ausgewählte Befunde aus diesen Forschungsrichtungen zusammenfassend dargestellt (2). Anschließend erfolgt eine Systematisierung der vorliegenden Theorien, Modelle und Methoden der Forschung entlang der Unterscheidung zwischen einer struktur- und einer kompetenzorientierten Professionsforschung. Der Ansatz der Bildungsgangforschung stellt diesbezüglich eine Art «mittleren Weg» dar (3). Ein diesem Ansatz folgendes Rahmenmodell der Entwicklung pädagogischer Professionalität dient zur Strukturierung des Berichts über den aktuellen Forschungsstand (4). Der Beitrag schließt mit Konzepten und Studien zur Begleitung der Lehrpersonen während der Einstiegsphase (5) sowie mit Hinweisen auf Perspektiven der weiteren empirischen Forschung (6). Für hier aufgeführte Zitationen s. Literaturverzeichnis im Anhang des Artikels. Der Volltext des gesamten Handbuchs ist innerhalb des Netzwerks der PH Zürich hier zugänglich.
description: +repphzhbib2014A
Seeding Gaussian boson samplers with single photons for enhanced state generation
Creators: name: Crescimanna, Valerio
name: Goldberg, Aaron Z.
name: Heshami, Khabat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-Gaussian quantum states are crucial to fault-tolerant quantum computation with continuous-variable systems. Usually, generation of such states involves trade-offs between success probability and quality of the resultant state. For example, injecting squeezed light into a multimode interferometer and postselecting on certain patterns of photon-number outputs in all but one mode, a fundamentally probabilistic task, can herald the creation of cat states, Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) states, and more. We consider the addition of a non-Gaussian resource state, particularly single photons, to this configuration and show how it improves the qualities and generation probabilities of desired states. With only two modes, adding a single photon source improves GKP-state fidelity from 0.68 to 0.95 and adding a second then increases the success probability eightfold; for cat states with a fixed target fidelity, the probability of success can be improved by factors of up to 4 by adding single-photon sources. These demonstrate the usefulness of additional commonplace non-Gaussian resources for generating desirable states of light.
Concurrent design of product and supply chain architectures for modularity and flexibility: process, methods, and application
Creators: name: Gan, Thiam-Soon
name: Steffan, Moritz
name: Grunow, Martin
name: Akkerman, Renzo
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Product design and supply chain design are two key determinants of company competitiveness. However, they follow different design objectives and thus require a systematic trade-off. Although methodologies for product design and supply chain design are well established within each domain in research and industry, an integrated methodology that bridges both design domains is still lacking. Based on a recently introduced concurrent product and supply chain design process, we contribute to this underdeveloped research area with a generic approach towards exploring design tradespace. We introduce a detailed operational process for the concurrent design of product and supply chain architectures. To apply this generic process to the specific trade-off between the product-related objective of modularity and the supply-chain-related objective of sourcing flexibility, we also develop new methods for key steps of the process. We demonstrate the application of the process and the developed methods using an industrial case study of a new product (electric-vehicle battery module). The case shows that our methodology was able to structure the concurrent design process. It hereby ensured an efficient trade-off and led to high-quality designs.
Time evolution of coherent wave propagation and spin relaxation in spin-orbit coupled systems
Creators: name: Kakoi, Masataka
name: Slevin, Keith
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate, both numerically and analytically, the time evolution of a particle in an initial plane wave state as it is subject to elastic scattering in a two-dimensional disordered system with Rashba spin-orbit coupling (SOC). In the analytic calculation, we treat the SOC non-perturbatively, and the disorder perturbatively using the Diffuson and the Cooperon. We calculate the time dependence of coherent backscattering (CBS) as a function of the strength of the SOC. We identify weak and strong SOC regimes, and give the relevant time and energy scales in each case. By studying the time dependence of the anisotropy of the disorder-averaged momentum distribution we identify the spin relaxation time. We find a crossover from D'yakonov-Perel' spin relaxation for weak SOC to Elliot-Yafet like behaviour for strong SOC.
description: 16 pages, 14 figures
Optimally adjusted mixture sampling and locally weighted histogram analysis
Creators: name: Zhiqiang Tan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Computational Biology

description: Consider the two problems of simulating observations and estimating expectations and normalizing constants for multiple distributions. First, we present a self-adjusted mixture sampling method, which accommodates both adaptive serial tempering and a generalized Wang–Landau algorithm. The set of distributions are combined into a labeled mixture, with the mixture weights depending on the initial estimates of log normalizing constants (or free energies). Then observations are generated by Markov transitions, and free energy estimates are adjusted online by stochastic approximation. We propose two stochastic approximation schemes by Rao–Blackwellization of the scheme commonly used, and derive the optimal choice of a gain matrix, resulting in the minimum asymptotic variance for free energy estimation, in a simple and feasible form. Second, we develop an offline method, locally weighted histogram analysis, for estimating free energies and expectations, using all the simulated data from multiple distributions by either self-adjusted mixture sampling or other sampling algorithms. This method can be computationally much faster, with little sacrifice of statistical efficiency, than a global method currently used, especially when a large number of distributions are involved. We provide both theoretical results and numerical studies to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed methods.
Deformation of a Néel-type Skyrmion in a Weak Inhomogeneous Magnetic Field: Magnetization Ansatz and Interaction with a Pearl Vortex
Creators: name: Apostoloff, S. S.
name: Andriyakhina, E. S.
name: Burmistrov, I. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we develop a theory of (meta)stable states of Néel-type skyrmions in weak nonuniform magnetic fields. We claim an Ansatz for modeling the non-symmetric magnetization that can be implied for both analytics and numerical simulations. Our theory accounts for changes in the size of skyrmion parameters and also includes deformations from the centrally symmetric shape. The ansatz streamlines the analytic calculation of the skyrmion free energy, enhancing the efficiency of the minimizing process. Performing the minimization in two stages, one can find all the minima, global and local, of the free energy, discovering the stable and metastable states. We apply the developed methodology to investigate the (meta)stable configurations of skyrmions influenced by the stray field of a Pearl vortex. Our study reveals the dependence of skyrmion spatial parameters on the vortex field effective strength and presents a phase diagram identifying regions where metastable configurations are predicted. Corroborated by micromagnetic simulations, our findings offer a detailed perspective on the interaction between magnetic skyrmions and superconducting vortices.
Taiyi: A Bilingual Fine-Tuned Large Language Model for Diverse Biomedical Tasks
Creators: name: Luo, Ling
name: Ning, Jinzhong
name: Zhao, Yingwen
name: Wang, Zhijun
name: Ding, Zeyuan
name: Chen, Peng
name: Fu, Weiru
name: Han, Qinyu
name: Xu, Guangtao
name: Qiu, Yunzhi
name: Pan, Dinghao
name: Li, Jiru
name: Li, Hao
name: Feng, Wenduo
name: Tu, Senbo
name: Liu, Yuqi
name: Yang, Zhihao
name: Wang, Jian
name: Sun, Yuanyuan
name: Lin, Hongfei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Objective: Most existing fine-tuned biomedical large language models (LLMs) focus on enhancing performance in monolingual biomedical question answering and conversation tasks. To investigate the effectiveness of the fine-tuned LLMs on diverse biomedical NLP tasks in different languages, We present Taiyi, a bilingual fine-tuned LLM for diverse biomedical tasks. Materials and Methods: We first curated a comprehensive collection of 140 existing biomedical text mining datasets (102 English and 38 Chinese datasets) across over 10 task types. Subsequently, a two-stage strategy is proposed for supervised fine-tuning to optimize the model performance across varied tasks. Results: Experimental results on 13 test sets covering named entity recognition, relation extraction, text classification, question answering tasks demonstrate that Taiyi achieves superior performance compared to general LLMs. The case study involving additional biomedical NLP tasks further shows Taiyi's considerable potential for bilingual biomedical multi-tasking. Conclusion: Leveraging rich high-quality biomedical corpora and developing effective fine-tuning strategies can significantly improve the performance of LLMs within the biomedical domain. Taiyi shows the bilingual multi-tasking capability through supervised fine-tuning. However, those tasks such as information extraction that are not generation tasks in nature remain challenging for LLM-based generative approaches, and they still underperform the conventional discriminative approaches of smaller language models.
Additional file 1 of Depression of LncRNA DANCR alleviates tubular injury in diabetic nephropathy by regulating KLF5 through sponge miR-214-5p
Creators: name: Kuang, Yongling
name: Yang, Juan
name: Sun, Meimei
name: Rui, Tingting
name: Yang, Zhenhua
name: Shi, Meihua
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Supplementary Material 1
Landau Singularities Revisited: Computational Algebraic Geometry for Feynman Integrals
Creators: name: Fevola, Claudia
name: Mizera, Sebastian
name: Telen, Simon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reformulate the analysis of singularities of Feynman integrals in a way that can be practically applied to perturbative computations in the Standard Model in dimensional regularization. After highlighting issues in the textbook treatment of Landau singularities, we develop an algorithm for classifying and computing them using techniques from computational algebraic geometry. We introduce an algebraic variety called the principal Landau determinant, which captures the singularities even in the presence of massless particles or UV/IR divergences. We illustrate this for 114 example diagrams, including a cutting-edge 2-loop 5-point non-planar QCD process with multiple mass scales. The algorithms introduced in this work are implemented in the open-source Julia package PLD.jl available at https://mathrepo.mis.mpg.de/PLD/.
description: 7 pages, title change to match the published version
Manipulating the wavelength of single photons in insulating van der Waals heterostructures: theory and application to bilayer hexagonal boron nitride
Creators: name: Pinilla, Fernanda
name: Muriel, Wilver A.
name: Cabezas-Escares, Javiera
name: Chacon, Ignacio
name: Cardenas, Carlos
name: Munoz, Francisco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Van der Waals heterostructures are promising for adding new functionalities to two-dimensional materials. In this study, we focus on single photon emitters hosted in one layer and adjacent to other insulating two-dimensional material. Specifically, we show how the emission energy is modified by such a heterostructure. We developed a general approach to elucidate the mechanisms affecting the emission energy and studied the particular case of carbon substitutions in the hexagonal boron nitride bilayer.
description: ACS Appl. Nano Mater
title: Exploitation of Eurosystem loopholes and their quantitative reconstruction
Creators: name: Svozil, Karl
Publisher: name: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Year: 2025
Subjects: Agreement on Net Financial Assets
collateral
debt restructuring
E58
E65
Emergency Liquidity Assistance
Eurosystem
F36
fiat currency
financial reform
G1
G2
sovereign bonds
TARGET balances

description: This article identifies and analyses six key strategies used to exploit the Eurosystem's financial mechanisms, and attempts a quantitative reconstruction: inflating TARGET balances, leveraging collateral swaps followed by defaults, diluting self-imposed regulatory rules, issuing money through Emergency Liquidity Assistance (ELA), acquisitions facilitated via the Agreement on Net Financial Assets (ANFA), and the perpetual (re)issuance of sovereign bonds as collateral. These practices stem from systemic vulnerabilities or deliberate opportunism within the Eurosystem. While it does not advocate for illicit activities, the article highlights significant weaknesses in the current structure and concludes that comprehensive reforms are urgently needed.
description: In diesem Artikel werden sechs Schlüsselstrategien zur Ausnutzung der Finanzmechanismen des Eurosystems identifiziert und analysiert, und es wird der Versuch einer quantitativen Rekonstruktion unternommen: die Aufblähung der TARGET-Salden, die Hebelung von Sicherheiten-Swaps mit anschließendem Zahlungsausfall, die Verwässerung selbst auferlegter regulatorischer Vorschriften, die Ausgabe von Geld über die Notfall-Liquiditätshilfe (Emergency Liquidity Assistance, ELA), die durch das Agreement on Net Financial Assets (ANFA) erleichterten Übernahmen und die ständige (Neu-)Emission von Staatsanleihen als Sicherheiten. Diese Praktiken sind auf systemische Schwachstellen oder bewussten Opportunismus innerhalb des Eurosystems zurückzuführen. Der Artikel spricht sich zwar nicht für illegale Aktivitäten aus, weist aber auf erhebliche Schwachstellen in der derzeitigen Struktur hin und kommt zu dem Schluss, dass umfassende Reformen dringend erforderlich sind.
Additional file 2 of Uraemic brainstem encephalopathy mimicking ocular myasthenia: a case report
Creators: name: Ruwanpathirana, Pramith
name: Chang, Thashi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. Repetitive Nerve Stimulation Test Report. The repetitive nerve stimulation test doesn’t demonstrate a decremental pattern.
Hidden-bottom hadronic transitions of $Υ(10753)$
Creators: name: Liu, Shidong
name: Cai, Zuxin
name: Jia, Zhaosai
name: Li, Gang
name: Xie, Jujun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Assuming that the $Υ(10753)$ is a $4S$-$3D$ mixed state, we investigated the hidden-bottom hadronic decays of the $Υ(10753) \to η_b(1S)ω(η^{(\prime)})$ via the intermediate meson loops. In a commonly accepted range of the model parameter $α$ in the form factor, the predicted branching ratios may reach to the order of $10^{-3}$--$10^{-2}$. The relative ratio of the partial decay widths of the $Υ(10753)\toη_bη^{(\prime)}$ to $Υ(10753)\to η_bω$ is found to be dependent on the $η$-$η'$ mixing angle. In addition, we also calculated the ratios of the partial decays widths of the $Υ(10753) \to η_b ω$ to $Υ(10753)\to Υ(nS)π^+π^-$ ($n=1\,,2$), which are found to be around 0.4 and 0.2 for $n=1$ and $n=2$, respectively. These values are in accordance with the preliminary experimental results. The calculations presented here tend to favor the $Υ(10753)$ as the $4S$-$3D$ mixture. We hope these predictions could be verified by the future BelleII experiments.
Additional file 1 of The global burden and risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in adolescent and young adults, 1990–2019
Creators: name: Tong, Zhuang
name: Xie, Yingying
name: Li, Kaixiang
name: Yuan, Ruixia
name: Zhang, Liang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1
ScAR: Scaling Adversarial Robustness for LiDAR Object Detection
Creators: name: Lu, Xiaohu
name: Radha, Hayder
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The adversarial robustness of a model is its ability to resist adversarial attacks in the form of small perturbations to input data. Universal adversarial attack methods such as Fast Sign Gradient Method (FSGM) and Projected Gradient Descend (PGD) are popular for LiDAR object detection, but they are often deficient compared to task-specific adversarial attacks. Additionally, these universal methods typically require unrestricted access to the model's information, which is difficult to obtain in real-world applications. To address these limitations, we present a black-box Scaling Adversarial Robustness (ScAR) method for LiDAR object detection. By analyzing the statistical characteristics of 3D object detection datasets such as KITTI, Waymo, and nuScenes, we have found that the model's prediction is sensitive to scaling of 3D instances. We propose three black-box scaling adversarial attack methods based on the available information: model-aware attack, distribution-aware attack, and blind attack. We also introduce a strategy for generating scaling adversarial examples to improve the model's robustness against these three scaling adversarial attacks. Comparison with other methods on public datasets under different 3D object detection architectures demonstrates the effectiveness of our proposed method. Our code is available at https://github.com/xiaohulugo/ScAR-IROS2023.
EFEITOS DA OXIGENAÇÃO POR MEMBRANA EXTRACORPÓREA EM PACIENTES ADULTOS COM COVID-19: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Creators: name: Rebeca Vasconcelos Oliveira MONTEIRO
name: Ingrid Caminha MORAIS
name: Francisco Eliezer Martins MEDEIROS JUNIOR
name: Kátia Castelo Branco Machado DIÓGENES
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea
COVID-19
Cuidados Críticos

description: RESUMO

 

Este estudo avaliou os efeitos da oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea em pacientes adultos com COVID-19, através de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. Foi realizado uma revisão integrativa da literatura de trabalhos indexados nas bases de dados Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Scielo e Lilacs. Efetuou-se uma busca por artigos que apresentassem como descritores os termos “Infecções por coronavirus”, “oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea”, “cuidados criticos” e “adulto”. O período da coleta de dados do presente estudo foi de 11 de março de 2020 à 11 de agosto de 2024. Os idiomas selecionados foram português e inglês, com estudos publicados no período de março de 2020 à agosto de 2024 e apenas artigos completos e revisões sistemáticas no que concerne temática proposta. O estudo selecionou 16 artigos relevantes entre 74 inicialmente identificados. Os resultados indicam que a ECMO pode melhorar a oxigenação e aumentar a sobrevida de pacientes com COVID-19 e insuficiência respiratória grave, especialmente quando a ventilação mecânica não é eficaz. No entanto, os riscos associados ao uso da ECMO, como sangramentos e infecções, são elevados, o que exige uma seleção criteriosa dos pacientes e monitoramento rigoroso durante o tratamento. Além disso, fatores como a idade e a gravidade da condição respiratória foram identificados como preditores de sucesso da terapia. A revisão indicou que apesar dos riscos, a ECMO se mostrou uma alternativa promissora no manejo de pacientes com COVID-19 em estado crítico, desde que aplicada com cautela e supervisão contínua.
Gödel's Incompleteness Theorems
Creators: name: Baron, Richard
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion

description: This paper sets out Gödel's incompleteness theorems and their proofs in a way that sticks closely to the structure of formal proofs, but without using mathematical or logical symbols. It is intended to help students who are studying the theorems.