Piezura shanxiensis Xue, Wang &amp; Wu 1998
Creators: name: Wang, Ming-Fu
name: Zhang, Dong
name: Ao, Hu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Fanniidae
Piezura
Piezura shanxiensis

description: <i>Piezura shanxiensis</i> Xue, Wang &amp; Wu, 1998. New status. Figs. 8–10. <i>Piezura graminicola shanxiensis</i> Wang, Wu, Cheng, Xue &amp; Liu, 1992: 2. Unavailable name; published in a separate that does not meet the provisions of a published work (I.C.Z.N. 1999; see Moores &amp; Savage 2005: 56). <i>Piezura graminicola shanxiensis</i> Xue, Wang &amp; Wu <i>in</i> Xue &amp; Wang, 1998: 811; Wang &amp; Xue, 2002: 55. <i>Piezura pardalina shanxiensis</i>: Moores &amp; Savage, 2005: 56. <b>Redescription:</b> Male: Body length 4.5 mm. Eye bare; fronto-orbital plate, parafacial and gena with silverygrey pruinosity, frons about 1.7 times as wide as width of first flagellomere, frontal vitta black, with thin grayish-white pruinosity, frontal setae 5, the gaps filled with few fine setae, upper orbital setae 1, stout and curved outwards; parafacial narrow, at middle about 1/4–1/3 as wide as width of first flagellomere; antennal scape, pedicel and basal 1/5 of first flagellomere yellow, rest black, first flagellomere 2.0 times as long as wide, arista pubescent, the longest hair about 1/2 of width of first flagellomere; epistoma not projecting beyond vibrissal angle, vibrissal angle behind frontal angle in profile; gena and postcranium with black hairs; palpus yellow, claviform; proboscis short, yellowish brown. Thoracic postpronotum, lower part of katepisternum and distal 1/2 of scutellum yellow, rest of thorax black; notum with brownish-grey pruinosity, with 1 brown median vitta and 2 pairs of lateral narrow vittae; <i>acr</i> in four irregular rows, only presutural pairs stout, the distance between the two rows slightly wider than the distance between <i>acr</i> and <i>dc</i> rows, <i>dc</i> 2+3, <i>pra</i> short and hair-like, notopleuron without setulae; ventral surface and lateral margin of scutellum bare; basisternum, proepisternum, anepimeron, meron and katepimeron bare; katepisternal setae 1:2, katepisternum without ventral spines; proepisternal setae 2, proepimeral seta about 1/2 of upper proepimeral seta in length. Calypters yellowish. Wing transparent; tegula brown, basicosta yellowish, costal spine inconspicuous; node of Rs bare on ventral and dorsal surfaces; vein M straight; crossveins without obvious cloud; haltere yellow. Legs yellow, except tarsi and apical part of femora black; fore femur with a short <i>av</i> row and a stout <i>pv</i> row, fore tibia with 1 median <i>ad</i>; mid coxa without any hooked spines or spine-like setae on lower and outer margins; mid femur with an incomplete <i>a</i> row, apical part with 3 <i>a</i>, <i>av</i> row complete, in distal part becoming 11–13 pectinated setae, <i>pv</i> row becoming biserial in distal 1/2, with 6 or 7 pectinated setae at apex, on ventral to posteroventral surfaces with numerous short seta rows; mid tibia with 1 <i>ad</i> and 1 <i>pd</i>, the distal 1/2 slightly expanded and with slender and dense ventral hairs; hind coxa with 2 or 3 setulae on posterior surface; hind femur with a complete <i>a</i> row, distal 2 setae stout (at least as long as the width of hind femur), <i>pv</i> row stout, with numerous hair rows on ventral surface; hind tibia with 1 median <i>av</i>, 3 or 4 <i>ad</i> and 1 stout median <i>d</i>. Abdomen long and flattened, ground-color reddish-yellow, with grayish-white pruinosity in lateral part; tergites 3 to 5 each with a median dark vitta, sternite 1 bare; sternite 5 with dense setae, over 30 pairs, apex distinctly indented, base distinctly protruded, about 4 times as wide as long; cercal plate slender and pointed apically and weakly bifurcate. Female: Unknown. <b>Remarks:</b> Xue and Wang (1998) described one new subspecies of <i>Piezura</i>, <i>P</i>. <i>graminicola shanxiensis</i>. Moores and Savage (2005), working from the Chinese description and English diagnosis, treated the taxon as a subspecies of <i>Piezura pardalina</i> Rondani, 1866 but questioned whether it was deserving of subspecific status. We have re-examined the holotype of <i>P</i>. <i>graminicola shanxiensis</i> and have provided a comprehensive description of the taxon above. We also undertook a phylogenetic analysis of all <i>Piezura</i> species to make clear the status of this taxon. Our results support a sister-group relationship between <i>P</i>. <i>nearctica</i> and <i>P</i>. <i>shanxiensis</i> and also indicate that the latter is not closely related to <i>Piezura pardalina</i>. Moores and Savage (2005) provided a key in their work to males of <i>Piezura</i> species and keyed out <i>P</i>. <i>shanxiensis</i> in the last couplet along with <i>P</i>. <i>nearctica</i>. However, the diagnostic characters, i.e., the number of setae on hind tibia and the vitta on abdominal tergites 3–5, are ambiguous. In this work, we find <i>Piezura shanxiensis</i> can be separated from <i>P</i>. <i>nearctica</i> in having the fore femur mostly yellow except for the apical part that is black (not infuscated along most of dorsal surface), and sternite 5 with dense setae (over 30 pairs, not about 10 pairs) and about 4 times (not 3 times) as wide as long. So we can confirm that <i>P</i>. <i>shanxiensis</i> should be given full species status. This species is also different from <i>P</i>. <i>pardalina</i> in having the frons about 1.7 (not 0.9–1.0) times as wide as width of first flagellomere, <i>acr</i> in four (not three) irregular rows, hind tibia with 3 or 4 (not 2) <i>ad</i>, cercal plate slender and pointed apically and weakly bifurcate in ventral view, and sternite 5 with dense setae of over 30 pairs. <b>Specimens examined:</b> Holotype male, China: Shanxi: Fangshan County: Pangquangou (37°54'N, 111°18'E), 26.vi.1990, Coll. M.F. Wang and Y.X. Wu; paratype, 1 male, 24.vi.1990, other data same as holotype. <b>Distribution:</b> China (Shanxi).
description: Published as part of <i>Wang, Ming-Fu, Zhang, Dong &amp; Ao, Hu, 2010, Phylogeny and biogeography of the genus Piezura Rondani (Diptera: Fanniidae), pp. 53-62 in Zootaxa 2412</i> on pages 59-60
description: {"references": ["Wang, M. F., Wu, Y. X., Cheng, J. X., Xue, W. Q. &amp; Liu, L. (1992) A study on calypterate flies from the Pangquangou State Nature Reserve in Shanxi China (Insecta: Diptera). [A separate distributed at the XIX International Congress of Entomology, Beijing, pp. 1 - 8.]", "Moores, A. &amp; Savage, J. (2005) A taxonomic revision of Piezura Rondani (Diptera: Fanniidae). Zootaxa, 1096, 41 - 59.", "Xue, W. Q. &amp; Wang, M. F. (1998) Fanniidae. In: Xue, W. Q. &amp; Chao, C. M. (Eds.), Flies of China. Volume 1. Liaoning Science and Technology Press, Shenyang, pp. 809 - 1365.", "Wang, M. F. &amp; Xue, W. Q. (2002) Taxonomic study on Fanniidae of China (Diptera: Cyclorrhapha). In: Li, D. M., Kang, L. &amp; Wu, J. W. et al. (Eds.), Innovation and development in Entomology. Science and Technology Press of China, Beijing, pp. 54 - 59.", "Rondani, C. (1866) Anthomyinae Italicae, collectae distinctae et in ordinem depositae. Atti della Societa Italiana de Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 9, 68 - 217."]}