cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Jain values, worship and the Tirthankara image
Creators: name: Leavitt, Roy L.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The main purpose of the thesis is to examine Jain worship and the role of the Jains1 Tirthankara images in worship. The thesis argues that the worshipper emulates the Tirthankara image which embodies Jain values and that these values define and, in part, dictate proper behavior. In becoming like the image, the worshipper's actions express the common concerns of the Jains and follow a pattern that is prized because it is believed to be especially Jain. The basic orientation or line of thought is that culture is a system of symbols. These symbols are implicit agreements among the community's members, agreements which entail values and which permit the Jains to meaningfully interpret their experiences and guide their actions. The thesis traces the connections between Jain doctrine and ethical beliefs, and their practical manifestations in ritual, social action and institutions, artistic symbolism and the experiences and sentiments of the Jains. The thesis goes on to argue that the worship of the Tirthankara image expresses those more firmly entrenched values of Jainism which, during worship, are grounded in the metaphysical. When publicly recognized in the ritual context, these values permit the Jains to recognize their cultural unity and to identify themselves with the Tirthankara image, a constant reminder of the ideal person and the ideal society. By becoming like the image, the worshipper not only has an opportunity to reflect on his progress toward liberation but to reflect upon his position within his community and devise a strategy to maintain or improve his social prestige. In the final section, the thesis addresses the artistic symbolism of the image. This section argues that the image represents in aggregate those ideal qualities—achieved only through proper action—which are essential before attaining liberation and which are used to determine one's ritual prestige. The image symbolizes the proper behavior with which every Jain ought to comply in the ritual and social contexts. This section maintains that the image expresses a cultural idiom used to interpret one's past, present and future experiences and actions, as well as the nature of those social relationships seen as fundamental in each Jain's struggle for spiritual and social prestige.
Electrification of water interface
Creators: name: Uematsu, Yuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The surface charge of a water interface determines many fundamental processes in physical chemistry and interface science, and it has been intensively studied for over a hundred years. We summarize experimental methods to characterize the surface charge densities developed so far: electrokinetics, double-layer force measurements, potentiometric titration, surface-sensitive nonlinear spectroscopy, and surface-sensitive mass spectrometry. Then, we elucidate physical ion adsorption and chemical electrification as examples of electrification mechanisms. In the end, novel effects on surface electrification are discussed in detail. We believe that this clear overview of state of the art in a charged water interface will surely help the fundamental progress of physics and chemistry at interfaces in the future.
description: author version, published version available on request
String Compactification and Unification of Forces
Creators: name: Kim, Jihn E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I review our recent attempts toward obtaining the MSSM from string orbifold compactification. The required constraints are the existence of three families and R parity, vectorlike exotics, one pair of Higgs doublets, and the SU(5)$'$ hidden sector for dynamical breaking of SUSY toward a GMSB scenario. We also comment on the threshold correction which are influenced by a power law evolution of gauge couplings through the KK radius in non-prime orbifolds and can be used to fit the couplings.
description: 18 pages with 11 figures. Talk presented at "GUT Worksop", Ritsumeikan Univ., Japan, 17-19 Dec. 2007
The diverse broad-band light-curves of Swift GRBs reproduced with the cannonball model
Creators: name: Dado, Shlomo
name: Dar, Arnon
name: De Rujula, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two radiation mechanisms, inverse Compton scattering (ICS) and synchrotron radiation (SR), suffice within the cannonball (CB) model of long gamma ray bursts (LGRBs) and X-ray flashes (XRFs) to provide a very simple and accurate description of their observed prompt emission and afterglows. Simple as they are, the two mechanisms and the burst environment generate the rich structure of the light curves at all frequencies and times. This is demonstrated for 33 selected Swift LGRBs and XRFs, which are well sampled from early until late time and faithfully represent the entire diversity of the broad-band light curves of Swift LGRBs and XRFs. Their prompt gamma-ray and X-ray emission is dominated by ICS of `glory' light. During their fast decline phase, ICS is taken over by SR, which dominates their broad-band afterglow. The pulse shape and spectral evolution of the gamma-ray peaks and the early-time X-ray flares, and even the delayed optical `humps' in XRFs, are correctly predicted. The `canonical' and non-canonical X-ray light curves and the chromatic behaviour of the broad-band afterglows are well reproduced. In particular, in canonical X-ray light curves, the initial fast decline and rapid softening of the prompt emission, the transition to the plateau phase, the subsequent gradual steepening of the plateau to an asymptotic power-law decay, and the transition from chromatic to achromatic behaviour of the light curves agrees well with those predicted by the CB model. The Swift early-time data on XRF 060218 are inconsistent with a black-body emission from a shock break-out through a stellar envelope. Instead, they are well described by ICS of glory light by a jet breaking out from SN2006aj.
description: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal. 63 pages, 10 (multiple) figures
HI absorption at z~0.7 against the lobe of the powerful radio galaxy PKS 0409-75
Creators: name: Mahony, Elizabeth K.
name: Allison, James R.
name: Sadler, Elaine M.
name: Ellison, Sara L.
name: Mao, Sui Ann
name: Morganti, Raffaella
name: Moss, Vanessa A.
name: Seta, Amit
name: Tadhunter, Clive N.
name: Weng, Simon
name: Whiting, Matthew T.
name: Yoon, Hyein
name: Bell, Martin
name: Bunton, John D.
name: Harvey-Smith, Lisa
name: Kimball, Amy
name: Koribalski, Bärbel S.
name: Voronkov, Max A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results from a search for the HI 21-cm line in absorption towards 16 bright radio sources with the 6-antenna commissioning array of the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP). Our targets were selected from the 2-Jy sample, a flux-limited survey of the southern radio sky with extensive multi-wavelength follow-up. Two sources were detected in HI absorption including a new detection towards the bright FRII radio galaxy PKS 0409-75 at a redshift of z=0.674. The HI absorption line is blueshifted by ~3300 km/s compared to the optical redshift of the host galaxy of PKS 0409-75 at z=0.693. Deep optical imaging and spectroscopic follow-up with the GMOS instrument on the Gemini-South telescope reveal that the HI absorption is associated with a galaxy in front of the southern radio lobe with a stellar mass of $3.2 - 6.8 \times 10^{11}M_\odot$, a star-formation rate of $\sim 1.24 M_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$ and an estimated HI column density of $2.16\times10^{21}$ cm$^{-2}$, assuming a spin temperature of $T_{\rm spin}=500$ K and source covering factor of $C_{\rm f}=0.3$. Using polarisation measurements of PKS 0409-75 from the literature we estimate the magnetic field of the absorbing galaxy to be ~14.5$μ$G, consistent with field strengths observed in nearby spiral galaxies, but larger than expected for an elliptical galaxy. Results from this pilot study can inform future surveys as new wide-field telescopes allow us to search for 21-cm HI absorption towards all bright radio sources as opposed to smaller targeted samples.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Effective grain surface area in the formation of molecular hydrogen in interstellar clouds
Creators: name: Chakrabarti, Sandip Kumar
name: Das, Ankan
name: Acharyya, Kinsuk
name: Chakrabarti, Sonali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the interstellar clouds, molecular hydrogens are formed from atomic hydrogen on grain surfaces. An atomic hydrogen hops around till it finds another one with which it combines. This necessarily implies that the average recombination time, or equivalently, the effective grain surface area depends on the relative numbers of atomic hydrogen influx rate and the number of sites on the grain. Our aim is to discover this dependency. We perform a numerical simulation to study the recombination of hydrogen on grain surfaces in a variety of cloud conditions. We use a square lattice (with a periodic boundary condition) of various sizes on two types of grains, namely, amorphous carbon and olivine. We find that the steady state results of our simulation match very well with those obtained from a simpler analytical consideration provided the `effective' grain surface area is written as $\sim S^α$, where, $S$ is the actual physical grain area and $α$ is a function of the flux of atomic hydrogen which is determined from our simulation. We carry out the simulation for various astrophysically relevant accretion rates. For high accretion rates, small grains tend to become partly saturated with $H$ and $H_2$ and the subsequent accretion will be partly inhibited. For very low accretion rates, the number of sites to be swept before a molecular hydrogen can form is too large compared to the actual number of sites on the grain, implying that $α$ is greater than unity.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures in eps format
The two phases of core formation -- orbital evolution in the centres of ellipticals with supermassive black hole binaries
Creators: name: Frigo, Matteo
name: Naab, Thorsten
name: Rantala, Antti
name: Johansson, Peter H.
name: Neureiter, Bianca
name: Thomas, Jens
name: Rizzuto, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The flat stellar density cores of massive elliptical galaxies form rapidly due to sinking supermassive black holes (SMBH) in gas-poor galaxy mergers. After the SMBHs form a bound binary, gravitational slingshot interactions with nearby stars drive the core regions towards a tangentially biased stellar velocity distribution. We use collisionless galaxy merger simulations with accurate collisional orbit integration around the central SMBHs to demonstrate that the removal of stars from the centre by slingshot kicks accounts for the entire change in velocity anisotropy. The rate of strong (unbinding) kicks is constant over several hundred Myr at $\sim 3 \ M_\odot \rm yr^{-1}$ for our most massive SMBH binary ($M_{\rm BH} = 1.7 \times 10^{10} M_\odot$). Using a frequency-based orbit classification scheme (box, x-tube, z-tube, rosette) we demonstrate that slingshot kicks mostly affect box orbits with small pericentre distances, leading to a velocity anisotropy of $β\lesssim -0.6$ within several hundred Myr as observed in massive ellipticals with large cores. We show how different SMBH masses affect the orbital structure of the merger remnants and present a kinematic tomography connecting orbit families to integral field kinematic features. Our direct orbit classification agrees remarkably well with a modern triaxial Schwarzschild analysis applied to simulated mock kinematic maps.
Mitigation of interfacial dielectric loss in aluminum-on-silicon superconducting qubits
Creators: name: Biznárová, Janka
name: Osman, Amr
name: Rehnman, Emil
name: Chayanun, Lert
name: Križan, Christian
name: Malmberg, Per
name: Rommel, Marcus
name: Warren, Christopher
name: Delsing, Per
name: Yurgens, August
name: Bylander, Jonas
name: Roudsari, Anita Fadavi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate aluminum-on-silicon planar transmon qubits with time-averaged ${T_1}$ energy relaxation times of up to ${270\,μs}$, corresponding to Q = 5 million, and a highest observed value of ${501\,μs}$. We use materials analysis techniques and numerical simulations to investigate the dominant sources of energy loss, and devise and demonstrate a strategy towards mitigating them. The mitigation of loss is achieved by reducing the presence of oxide, a known host of defects, near the substrate-metal interface, by growing aluminum films thicker than 300 nm. A loss analysis of coplanar-waveguide resonators shows that the improvement is owing to a reduction of dielectric loss due to two-level system defects. We perform time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and observe a reduced presence of oxygen at the substrate-metal interface for the thicker films. The correlation between the enhanced performance and the film thickness is due to the tendency of aluminum to grow in columnar structures of parallel grain boundaries, where the size of the grain depends on the film thickness: transmission electron microscopy imaging shows that the thicker film has larger grains and consequently fewer grain boundaries containing oxide near this interface. These conclusions are supported by numerical simulations of the different loss contributions in the device.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables
title: Bewährte Projektsteuerung für ICE-Neubautrassen – Ingenieuraufgaben an der ICE-Strecke Erfurt – Nürnberg
Creators: name: Gartung, Thomas
Publisher: name: Bauhaus-Universität Weimar
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Baubetriebslehre
subject: Baustelle
subject: Management
subject: Eisenbahnbau
subject: Planung
subject: 620

description: Um die kompexen Randbedingungen des Eisenbahnbaus erfüllen zu können, hat die Planungsgesellschaft Bahnbau Deutsche Einheit (PBDE) neue Methoden für ein effizientes Management von Planung und Bau eingeführt, die in dem Beitrag vorgestellt werden.
description: Tag des Baubetriebs 2000 - Tagungsbeiträge: "Prozesssteuerung - Projektleitung - Dienstleistung", p. 25
description: Schriften der Professur Baubetrieb und Bauverfahren, vol. 02
Efficient Path Planning in Large Unknown Environments with Switchable System Models for Automated Vehicles
Creators: name: Schumann, Oliver
name: Buchholz, Michael
name: Dietmayer, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Large environments are challenging for path planning algorithms as the size of the configuration space increases. Furthermore, if the environment is mainly unexplored, large amounts of the path are planned through unknown areas. Hence, a complete replanning of the entire path occurs whenever the path collides with newly discovered obstacles. We propose a novel method that stops the path planning algorithm after a certain distance. It is used to navigate the algorithm in large environments and is not prone to problems of existing navigation approaches. Furthermore, we developed a method to detect significant environment changes to allow a more efficient replanning. At last, we extend the path planner to be used in the U-Shift concept vehicle. It can switch to another system model and rotate around the center of its rear axis. The results show that the proposed methods generate nearly identical paths compared to the standard Hybrid A* while drastically reducing the execution time. Furthermore, we show that the extended path planning algorithm enables the efficient use of the maneuvering capabilities of the concept vehicle to plan concise paths in narrow environments.
title: Baustellenmanagement-Konzept „Feste Warnowquerung Rostock“
Creators: name: Lemcke, Uwe
Publisher: name: Bauhaus-Universität Weimar
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Baubetriebslehre
subject: Baustelle
subject: Management
subject: Tunnelbau
subject: 620

description: In Erstanwendung des Fernstraßenbauprivatfinanzierungsgesetzes wurde der Konzessionär in einer frühen Projektphase noch vor der Planfeststellung beauftragt. Nur hierdurch war es möglich, ein umfassendes, speziell auf die Technologie eines Ausführungsbetriebes zugeschnittenes Baustellenmanagement-Konzept als Basis für die Planfeststellung zu erarbeiten. Vorstellung des Vorhabens, Baumanagement-Konzept: Grobbauablaufplanung, Baustelleneinrichtung, Arbeitskräfteeinsatz, Bodenmanagement, Hauptbaustoffversorgung und Erdstofftransporte im öffentlichen Bauraum, Verkehrsumleitungskonzeption für den öffentlichen Verkehr entsprechend den Bauphasen.
description: Tag des Baubetriebs 2000 - Tagungsbeiträge: "Prozesssteuerung - Projektleitung - Dienstleistung", p. 15
description: Schriften der Professur Baubetrieb und Bauverfahren, vol. 02
Acceptability, feasibility and preliminary efficacy of low-moderate intensity Constraint Induced Aphasia Therapy and Multi-Modality Aphasia Therapy in chronic aphasia after stroke
Creators: name: Pierce, John E.
name: OHalloran, Robyn
name: Togher, Leanne
name: Nickels, Lyndsey
name: Copland, David
name: Godecke, Erin
name: Meinzer, Marcus
name: Rai, Tapan
name: Cadilhac, Dominique a
name: Kim, Joosup
name: Hurley, Melanie
name: Foster, Abby
name: Carragher, Marcella
name: Wilcox, Cassie
name: Steel, Gillian
name: Rose, Miranda L
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: Medicine
Pharmacology
Science Policy

description: High-intensity Constraint-Induced Aphasia Therapy Plus (CIAT-Plus) and Multi-Modality Aphasia Therapy (M-MAT) are effective interventions for chronic post-stroke aphasia but challenging to provide in clinical practice. Providing these interventions may be more feasible at lower intensities, but comparative evidence is lacking. We therefore explored feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of the treatments at a lower intensity. A multisite, single-blinded, randomized Phase II trial was conducted within the Phase III COMPARE trial. Groups of participants with chronic aphasia from the usual care arm of the COMPARE trial were randomized to M-MAT or CIAT-Plus, delivered at the same dose as the COMPARE trial but at lower intensity (6 hours/week × 5 weeks rather than 15 hours/week × 2 weeks). Blinded assessors measured aphasia severity (Western Aphasia Battery-Revised Aphasia Quotient), word retrieval, connected speech, multimodal communication, functional communication, and quality of life immediately post interventions and after 12 weeks. Feasibility and acceptability were explored. Of 70 eligible participants, 77% consented to the trial; 78% of randomized participants completed intervention and 98% of assessment visits were conducted. Fatigue and distress ratings were low with no related withdrawals. Adverse events related to the trial (n = 4) were mild in severity. Statistically significant treatment effects were demonstrated on word retrieval and functional communication and both interventions were equally effective. Low–moderateintensity CIAT-Plus and M-MAT were feasible and acceptable. Both interventions show preliminary efficacy at a low–moderate intensity. These results support a powered trial investigating these interventions at a low–moderate intensity.
Destabilization of long-wavelength Love and Stoneley waves in slow sliding
Creators: name: Ranjith, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Love waves are dispersive interfacial waves that are a mode of response for anti-plane motions of an elastic layer bonded to an elastic half-space. Similarly, Stoneley waves are interfacial waves in bonded contact of dissimilar elastic half-spaces, when the displacements are in the plane of the solids. It is shown that in slow sliding, long wavelength Love and Stoneley waves are destabilized by friction. Friction is assumed to have a positive instantaneous logarithmic dependence on slip rate and a logarithmic rate weakening behavior at steady-state. Long wavelength instabilities occur generically in sliding with rate- and state-dependent friction, even when an interfacial wave does not exist. For slip at low rates, such instabilities are quasi-static in nature, i.e., the phase velocity is negligibly small in comparison to a shear wave speed. The existence of an interfacial wave in bonded contact permits an instability to propagate with a speed of the order of a shear wave speed even in slow sliding, indicating that the quasi-static approximation is not a valid one in such problems.
description: Submitted to International Journal of Solids and Structures, added Section 5: Discussion
Geometrically exact static isogeometric analysis of an arbitrarily curved spatial Bernoulli-Euler beam
Creators: name: Borković, A.
name: Marussig, B.
name: Radenković, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The objective of this research is the development of a geometrically exact model for the analysis of arbitrarily curved spatial Bernoulli-Euler beams. The complete metric of the beam is utilized in order to include the effect of curviness on the nonlinear distribution of axial strain over the cross section. The exact constitutive relation between energetically conjugated pairs is employed, along with four reduced relations. The isogeometric approach, which allows smooth connections between finite elements, is used for the spatial discretization of the weak form. Two methods for updating the local basis are applied and discussed in the context of finite rotations. All the requirements of geometrically exact beam theory are satisfied, such as objectivity and path-independence. The accuracy of the formulation is verified by a thorough numerical analysis. The influence of the curviness on the structural response is scrutinized for two classic examples. If the exact response of the structure is sought, the curviness must be considered when choosing the appropriate beam model.
Public participation in comprehensive municipal parks and recreation planning
Creators: name: Freed, Linda Lee
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The purpose of this study was to determine the nature and the adequacy of public participation methods used in the process of developing municipal parks and recreation plans. The work is based largely on library research and participant-observation of one case study. It is evident from the literature that the comprehensive or master plan approach is typical of good, current parks and recreation planning practice. As well, there is virtually unanimous agreement on the importance of public participation in the plan making process. The stated purposes of public participation in plan preparation forms the basis of a set of goals and targets which have been used to assess the adequacy of the participation methods currently used in parks and recreation planning. These methods were identified through a review of plan documents authoritatively regarded as examples of good practice. The three major methodological types identified are surveys, select committees, and staff contacts. Results of assessing these methods against the stated criteria indicate that no method is sufficient alone to ensure adequate public participation in the planning process. The survey method should be used in combination with a select committee or staff contact, because the inherent weaknesses of the first are strong points of the others. This conclusion is explored and amplified by examining a case study in which all three methods were employed. Statistical data indicates that while all three methods were used, there remained significant differences in basic parks and recreation priorities among the general public, the plan makers and the political decision makers. This result is attributed to problems in the implementation of the methodologies and in the utilization of data and findings that resulted from their use. Recommendations based on this research suggest improvement in the conduct of public participation and in the integration of participation with other elements of the planning process: -methodologies should be used to complement each other, -each method should be implemented fully and carefully, so that the quality of the results approaches the potential ideally available within each method, -inherent strengths and weaknesses of public participation should be considered in the planning process and in the utilization and feedback of participation results throughout the process.
Time-dependent and Non-BPS Solutions in N=6 Superconformal Chern-Simons Theory
Creators: name: Fujimori, Toshiaki
name: Iwasaki, Koh
name: Kobayashi, Yoshishige
name: Sasaki, Shin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a class of classical solutions of three-dimensional N=6 superconformal Chern-Simons theory coupled with U(N) \times U(N) bi-fundamental matter fields. Especially, time evolutions of fuzzy spheres are discussed for both massless and massive cases. For the massive case, there are a variety of solutions having different behaviors according to the value of the mass. In addition to the time-dependent solutions, we analyze non-BPS static solutions which represent parallel M5/M5 or M5/anti-M5-branes suspended by multiple M2-branes. These solutions are similar to the fundamental strings connecting two parallel (anti) Dp-branes in perturbative string theory. A moving M5-brane and domain wall solutions with constant velocity that are obtained by the Lorentz boost of the known BPS solutions are briefly addressed.
description: 27 pages, 9 figures, published version in JHEP
Prevalence of and Factors Influencing Oral Health Behaviours in 2-Year-Old Children: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Data from the KUNO-Kids Health Study
Creators: name: Lennon, Áine M.
name: Musiol, Christoph
name: Hiller, Karl-Anton
name: Gade, Nils
name: Buchalla, Wolfgang
name: Brandstetter, Susanne
name: Köninger, Angela
name: Melter, Michael
name: Apfelbacher, Christian J.
name: Kabesch, Michael
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Paediatric dentistry · Preschool · Diet · Oral hygiene · Northeastern Bavaria
subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Introduction: This questionnaire-based investigation aimed to assess oral health behaviour (OHB) in 2-year-old children taking part in a birth cohort study and to identify relationships between general health, socioeconomic as well as psychosocial factors and OHB. 
Methods: Factors examinedwere single-parent status, migration background, child’s sex, parity, maternal age, education and social support, paternal employment, parental mental and physical health, and child health, data for which were collected at birth, 4 weeks, or 1 year. Participants who answered all OHB questions at 2 years (n = 730) were included. Nutritional score (NS), toothbrushing score (TS), and dental check-up score (CS) were used to calculate overall OHB score.
Results: Overall OHB in this cohort was good. 62% ate fruit or vegetables daily, 75% brushed 2–3 times daily, and 61% had already had a dental check-up. Children of single mothers had significantly lower OHB scores. NS was significantly higher for children with migration background, children of mothers with better physical health or higher educational level, but lower for children of mothers reporting poor social support. TS was significantly lower in children of single mothers and children of fathers reporting poorer mental health. CS was significantly higher in children of multiparous mothers. This study highlights the relevance of social support and parental health, in contributing to OHB patterns. Conclusion: Families with special healthcare needs or less robust social support may have difficulty maintaining good OHB.
Heat conduction theory including phonon coherence
Creators: name: Zhang, Zhongwei
name: Guo, Yangyu
name: Bescond, Marc
name: Chen, Jie
name: Nomura, Masahiro
name: Volz, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding and quantifying the fundamental physical property of coherence of thermal excitations is a long-standing and general problem in physics. The conventional theory, i.e. the phonon gas model, fails to describe coherence and its impact on thermal transport. In this letter, we propose a general heat conduction formalism supported by theoretical arguments and direct atomic simulations, which takes into account both the conventional phonon gas model and the wave nature of thermal phonons. By naturally introducing wavepackets in the heat flux from fundamental concepts, we derive an original thermal conductivity expression including coherence times and lifetimes. Our theory and simulations reveal two distinct types of coherence, i.e., intrinsic and mutual, appearing in two different temperature ranges. This contribution establishes a fundamental frame for understanding and quantifying the coherence of thermal phonons, which should have a general impact on the estimation of the thermal properties of solids.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Role of pulling direction in understanding the energy landscape of proteins
Creators: name: Rajesh, R.
name: Giri, D.
name: Jensen, I.
name: Kumar, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single molecule force spectroscopy provide details of the underlying energy surfaces of proteins which are essential to the understanding of their unfolding process. Recently, it has been observed experimentally that by pulling proteins in different directions relative to their secondary structure, one can gain a better understanding of the shape of the energy landscape. We consider simple lattice models which are anisotropic in nature to study the response of a force in unfolding of a polymer. Our analytical solution of the model, supported by extensive numerical calculations, reveal that the force temperature diagrams are very different depending on the direction of the applied force. We find that either unzipping or shearing kind transitions dominate the dynamics of the unfolding process depending solely on the direction of the applied force.
description: 8 pages, 11 figures
Create
Creators: name: Rosenstingl, Herbert
Publisher: name: Medienimpulse
Year: 2011

description: Ein Konstruktionsspiel mit guter Physik und viel Platz für Fantasie Verlag: Electronic Arts Genre: Denk- und Konstruktionsspiel Plattform: Xbox360 / PS3 / Wii / PC Altersempfehlung: Volksschule (6-9 Jahre) / Kids (10-13 Jahre) / Jugendliche (14+ Jahre)
description: Medienimpulse, Bd. 49 Nr. 1 (2011): 1/2011 - Politik/Macht/Medien
Thermodynamic cost of finite-time stochastic resetting
Creators: name: Olsen, Kristian Stølevik
name: Gupta, Deepak
name: Mori, Francesco
name: Krishnamurthy, Supriya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experiments have implemented resetting by means of an external trap, whereby a system relaxes to the minimum of the trap and is reset in a finite time. In this work, we set up and analyse the thermodynamics of such a protocol. We present a general framework, even valid for non-Poissonian resetting, that captures the thermodynamic work required to maintain a resetting process up to a given observation time, and exactly calculate the moment generating function of this work. Our framework is valid for a wide range of systems, the only assumption being relaxation to equilibrium in the resetting trap. Examples and extensions are considered. In the case of Brownian motion, we investigate optimal resetting schemes that minimise work and its fluctuations, the mean work for arbitrary switching protocols and comparisons to previously studied resetting schemes. Numerical simulations are performed to validate our findings.
Media Memories in Focus Group Discussions
Creators: name: Hug, Theo
Publisher: name: Medienimpulse
Year: 2010

description: Medienereignisse wie auch die Einführung und Verbreitung neuer Medientechnologien und Formate bringen mannigfaltige Wege des „Eintretens von Medien ins Leben“ mit sich. Im Projekt Globale Mediengenerationen (GMG) wurden Medienerinnerungen aus der Kindheit im Kontext von Gruppendiskussionen am Beispiel dreier Generationen aus verschiedenen Ländern aller Kontinente untersucht. Dabei wurden medienbezogene Wissensbestände von drei Alterskohorten globaler Generationen analysiert. Der Artikel diskutiert methodologische Aspekte des Projekts und komplexe und selektive Prozesse des Erinnerns vergangener Ereignisse. Er untersucht Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede des GMG-Ansatzes mit dem dokumentarischen Ansatz von Ralf Bohnsack, die beide in der Wissenssoziologie von Karl Mannheim verwurzelt sind. Darüber hinaus wird Medialität als basale methodologische Kategorie in Erwägung gezogen, nicht nur im Hinblick auf die Klärung begrifflicher Grundlagen, sondern auch als inhärente Dimension von Forschungsprozessen.
description: Medienimpulse, Bd. 48 Nr. 2 (2010): 2/2010 - Medienethik
Time evolution of simple molecules during proto-star collapse
Creators: name: Das, Ankan
name: Chakrabarti, Sandip Kumar
name: Acharyya, Kinsuk
name: Chakrabarti, Sonali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the formation and evolution of several molecules in a collapsing interstellar cloud using a reasonably large reaction network containing more then four hundred atomic and molecular species. We employ a time dependent, spherically symmetric, hydrodynamics code to follow the hydrodynamic and chemical evolution of the collapsing cloud. The flow is assumed to be self-gravitating. We use two models to study the hydrodynamic evolution: in the first model, we inject matter into an initially low density region and in the second model, we start with a constant density cloud and let it collapse due to self-gravity. We study the evolution of the central core for both the cases. We include the grain chemistry to compute the formation of molecular hydrogen and carried out the effect of gas and grain chemistry at each time step. We follow the collapse for more than $10^{14}$s (about 3 million years) and present the time evolution of the globally averaged abundances of various simple but biologically important molecules, such as glycine, alanine etc. We compare our results with those obtained from observations found that for lighter molecules the agreement is generally very good. For complex molecules we tend to under predict the abundances. This indicates that other pathways could be present to form these molecules or more accurate reaction rates were needed. Keywords: hydrodynamics; star formation; ISM; chemical evolution
description: 20 pages, 18 figures in eps format
When Ayse goes Pop – Das Medium Jugendzeitschrift als Ort stereotyper genderspezifischer Fremdheits- und Eigenbilder
Creators: name: Kunz, Thomas
Publisher: name: Medienimpulse
Year: 2010

description: Innerhalb der medienanalytischen Beschäftigung mit dem Thema Migration bzw. Migrationshintergrund findet das Medium Jugendzeitschrift bislang nicht die Aufmerksamkeit, die ihm - angesichts seiner Verbreitung und Bedeutung für Jugendliche - gebührt. Insofern wird das Medium selbst als auch wie und in welcher Weise besagte Thematik dort verhandelt wird, bislang unterschätzt bzw. unterbewertet. Ist es doch in mehrfacher Weise bedeutsam: a) als Medium in welchem (genderspezifische) Jugendbilder und Rollenangebote unterbreitet und vermittelt werden, b) zudem als originär an Jugendliche adressiertes Medium, welches folglich - so die Annahme - ein besonderes Potenzial an Sozialisationswirkung auf Jugendliche mit und ohne Migrationshintergrund entfaltet sowie c) als ein Medienformat, welches als jugendtypisch gilt und dem folglich nicht selten in medienpädagogischen Settings (wie beispielsweise im Schulunterricht) besondere innovative Vermittlungspotenziale beigemessen werden. Vor dem Hintergrund dieser Annahmen wird am Beispiel einer sog. Foto-Love-Story - einem in Jugendzeitschriften beliebten und exponiert eingesetztem Format - exemplarisch verdeutlicht, auf welch unkritisch-drastische, teils dramatische Weise und mit höchst stereotypisierenden Bildern das Thema Migration auch in diesem Medium behandelt wird.. Stichworte an dieser Stelle sind: Verweise auf die besondere Religiosität von Jugendlichen mit Migrationshintergrund (hier: Islam), negativ konnotierte Geschlechterrollenklischees, Zuschreibungen vormoderner/traditionsfixierter Haltungen, Identitätskonflikte, Zwangsheirat, Gewalttätigkeit etc. Die genannten negativen Zuschreibungen gelten für die Jugendlichen mit Migrationshintergrund. Es lassen sich indes auch stereotypisierende Bilder mit Blick auf sog. Jugendliche ohne Migrationshintergrund identifizieren - jedoch mit positiver Konnotierung. Jene pauschalen Entgegensetzungen entlang der Achse mit/ohne Migrationshintergrund sind sehr markant und entsprechend zu kritisieren. Es überrascht zunächst, dass die vorfindbaren Klischees sich in solch einer überaffirmativen und ungebrochenen Weise zu den auch aus anderen Medien hinlänglich bekannten rassistischen Stereotypen und Applikationsvorgaben verhalten. Über die Vorstellung, Analyse und Kritik jener Konstruktionen hinaus ist aber auch zu fragen, wie solche medialen Vermittlungen sich zu Ansprüchen verhalten, im Mediendiskurs differenzierte und nicht-rassistische Darstellungen zu verankern.
description: Medienimpulse, Bd. 48 Nr. 2 (2010): 2/2010 - Medienethik
Accessing ultrafast spin-transport dynamics in copper using broadband terahertz spectroscopy
Creators: name: Jechumtál, Jiří
name: Rouzegar, Reza
name: Gueckstock, Oliver
name: Denker, Christian
name: Hoppe, Wolfgang
name: Remy, Quentin
name: Seifert, Tom S.
name: Kubaščík, Peter
name: Woltersdorf, Georg
name: Brouwer, Piet W.
name: Münzenberg, Markus
name: Kampfrath, Tobias
name: Nádvorník, Lukáš
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the spatiotemporal dynamics of ultrafast electron spin transport across nanometer-thick copper layers using broadband terahertz spectroscopy. Our analysis of temporal delays, broadening and attenuation of the spin-current pulse revealed ballistic-like propagation of the pulse peak, approaching the Fermi velocity, and diffusive features including a significant velocity dispersion. A comparison to the frequency-dependent Ficks law identified the diffusion-dominated transport regime for distances larger than 2 nm. The findings lie the groundwork for designing future broadband spintronic devices.
description: V3: AAM, Licence: CC BY Main text consists of 3 figures and 4 pages of text
Unifying Multimodal Transformer for Bi-directional Image and Text Generation
Creators: name: Huang, Yupan
name: Xue, Hongwei
name: Liu, Bei
name: Lu, Yutong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study the joint learning of image-to-text and text-to-image generations, which are naturally bi-directional tasks. Typical existing works design two separate task-specific models for each task, which impose expensive design efforts. In this work, we propose a unified image-and-text generative framework based on a single multimodal model to jointly study the bi-directional tasks. We adopt Transformer as our unified architecture for its strong performance and task-agnostic design. Specifically, we formulate both tasks as sequence generation tasks, where we represent images and text as unified sequences of tokens, and the Transformer learns multimodal interactions to generate sequences. We further propose two-level granularity feature representations and sequence-level training to improve the Transformer-based unified framework. Experiments show that our approach significantly improves previous Transformer-based model X-LXMERT's FID from 37.0 to 29.9 (lower is better) for text-to-image generation, and improves CIDEr-D score from 100.9% to 122.6% for fine-tuned image-to-text generation on the MS-COCO dataset. Our code is available online.
description: ACM MM 2021 (Industrial Track). Code: https://github.com/researchmm/generate-it
Editorial 2/2011: Medienaktivismus
Creators: name: Barberi, Alessandro
name: Sützl, Wolfgang
name: Hug, Theo
Publisher: name: Medienimpulse
Year: 2011

description: Editorial 2/2011
description: Medienimpulse, Bd. 49 Nr. 2 (2011): 2/2011 - Medienaktivismus
Dynamics of mean-field Fermi systems with nonzero pairing
Creators: name: Marcantoni, Stefano
name: Porta, Marcello
name: Sabin, Julien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dynamics of many-body Fermi systems, for a class of initial data which are close to quasi-free states exhibiting a nonvanishing pairing matrix. We focus on the mean-field scaling, which for fermionic systems is naturally coupled with a semiclassical scaling. Under the assumption that the initial datum enjoys a suitable semiclassical structure, we give a rigorous derivation of the time-dependent Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov equation, a nonlinear effective evolution equation for the one-particle density matrix of the system, as the number of particles goes to infinity. Our result holds for all macroscopic times, and provides bounds for the rate of convergence.
description: v1 43 pages; v2 minor changes, references added, 44 pages; v3 minor corrections, 46 pages
Employment casualisation and trade union survival strategies in the beverage sector in Lagos, Nigeria
Creators: name: Adewumi, Samson A.
Publisher: name: Mangosuthu University of Technology (MUT)
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 150305 Human Resources Management
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Previous studies have largely interrogated the challenges of workforce casualisation in Nigeria with sparse attention to the reactions of the trade unions to this work arrangement. The paper, therefore, explores the survival strategies of trade union to employment casualisation in the Nigerian beverage sector. It explores the narratives of trade union relevance amidst increased informalisation, and the efficacy of its strategies. The Marxist conflict theory was employed as a theoretical leaning to understand labour unions' position in contending with management exploitations in the workplace. A total of 12 trade union officials were selected for interviews through purposive and convenient sampling. The study found a diminishing trade union relevance with the increasing spate of informalisation, while the collective bargaining strategy of the union was hardly utilised in addressing employment cas?ualisation, although education and (re)training programmes show a positive outlook. The study takes the position for a review of the Nigerian labour laws, specifically the Trade Union Act of 2005 as amended, as no provisions in this legislation give recog?nition to casual employment, an act that is further hampering trade unions' strategic effort in ensuring a decent workplace for all.
Recombination Efficiency of Molecular Hydrogen on Interstellar Grains-II A Numerical Study
Creators: name: Chakrabarti, Sandip Kumar
name: Das, Ankan
name: Acharyya, Kinsuk
name: Chakrabarti, Sonali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A knowledge of the recombination time on the grain surfaces has been a major obstacle in deciding the production rate of molecular hydrogen and other molecules in the interstellar medium. We present a numerical study to compute this time for molecular hydrogen for various cloud and grain parameters. We also find the time dependence, particularly when a grain is freshly injected into the system. Apart from the fact that the recombination times seem to be functions of the grain parameters such as the activation barrier energy, temperature etc, our result also shows the dependence on the number of sites in the grain $S$ and the effective accretion rate per site $a_s$ of atomic hydrogen. Simply put, the average time that a pair of atomic hydrogens will take to produce one molecular hydrogen depends on how heavily the grain is already populated by atomic and molecular hydrogens and how fast the hopping and desorption times are. We show that if we write the average recombination time as $T_r \sim S^α/A_H$, where, $A_H$ is the hopping rate, then $α$ could be much greater than 1 for all astrophysically relevant accretion rates. Thus the average formation rate of $H_2$ is also dependent on the grain parameters, temperature and the accretion rate. We believe that our result will affect the overall rate of the formation of complex molecules such as methanol which require successive hydrogenation on the grain surfaces in the interstellar medium.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures in eps format
MetricHaven -- More Than 23,000 Metrics for Measuring Quality Attributes of Software Product Lines
Creators: name: El-Sharkawy, Sascha
name: Krafczyk, Adam
name: Schmid, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Variability-aware metrics are designed to measure qualitative aspects of software product lines. As we identified in a prior SLR \cite{El-SharkawyYamagishi-EichlerSchmid19}, there exist already many metrics that address code or variability separately, while the combination of both has been less researched. MetricHaven fills this gap, as it extensively supports combining information from code files and variability models. Further, we also enable the combination of well established single system metrics with novel variability-aware metrics, going beyond existing variability-aware metrics. Our tool supports most prominent single system and variability-aware code metrics. We provide configuration support for already implemented metrics, resulting in 23,342 metric variations. Further, we present an abstract syntax tree developed for MetricHaven, that allows the realization of additional code metrics. Tool: https://github.com/KernelHaven/MetricHaven Video: https://youtu.be/vPEmD5Sr6gM