cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Two models of multi-level governance, one model of multi-level accountability : drinking water protection in Canada and the United States
Creators: name: Hill, Carey
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This research examines whether binding national standards produce better policy outcomes for drinking water protection. The study involves consideration of four pairs of cases, one member of each pair in Canada (absence of binding national standards) and one member of each pair in the United States (presence of binding national standards). Through consideration of matched cases in Canada and the U.S., the work makes a compelling argument for greater federal involvement in Canada in this policy area that is largely under provincial control. Three hypotheses are examined and largely supported by the research findings: (1) As a result of the addition of federal involvement in 1974, the United States offers improved drinking water protection after 1974. (2) The United States offers better drinking water protection than Canada after 1974 as a result of binding national standards in the United States. (3) U.S. cities offer greater consistency with respect to drinking water protection than the Canadian cities as a result of binding national standards. This study argues that for best results, drinking water protection benefits from multi-level accountability. Overlap and duplication can be good for policy performance. Multi-level accountability, a form of type I multi-level governance, where governments monitor other governments in a hierarchical chain of principal-agent relationships might be considered an extension of the multi-barrier approach to drinking water protection. The application of a principal-agent framework offers a more sophisticated understanding of the relationships between provincial and municipal governments within Canada. Furthermore, it highlights the degree of hidden information within the Canadian federal system as compared with the U.S. federal system. It also helps identify why binding national standards improve policy performance. The capability of the U.S. federal model to offer enhanced drinking water protection turns on the distance of the federal government from the costs and the proximity of the state government to the local government agent. The study argues that federal involvement matters for policy performance in this policy area.
Octupole correlations in light actinides from the interacting boson model based on the Gogny energy density functional
Creators: name: Nomura, K.
name: Rodríguez-Guzmán, R.
name: Humadi, Y. M.
name: Robledo, L. M.
name: García-Ramos, J. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quadrupole-octupole coupling and the related spectroscopic properties have been studied for the even-even light actinides $^{218-238}$Ra and $^{220-240}$Th. The Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov approximation, based on the Gogny-D1M energy density functional, has been employed as a microscopic input, i.e., to obtain (axially symmetric) mean-field potential energy surfaces as functions of the quadrupole and octupole deformation parameters. The mean-field potential energy surfaces have been mapped onto the corresponding bosonic potential energy surfaces using the expectation value of the $sdf$ Interacting Boson Model (IBM) Hamiltonian in the boson condensate state. The strength parameters of the $sdf$-IBM Hamiltonian have been determined via this mapping procedure. The diagonalization of the mapped IBM Hamiltonian provides energies for positive- and negative-parity states as well as wave functions which are employed to obtain transitional strengths. The results of the calculations compare well with available data from Coulomb excitation experiments and point towards a pronounced octupole collectivity around $^{224}$Ra and $^{226}$Th.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures, 1 table
The Implementation of Ten Teacher’s Leadership Values on SGI Master Teacher Program
Creators: name: Ervan Jaya
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Uncategorized
subject: Science Policy
subject: 130313 Teacher Education and Professional Development of Educators
subject: FOS: Educational sciences

description: Sekolah Guru Indonesia (SGI) is one of the divisions in Dompet Dhuafa Pendidikan. SGI has a commitment to produce transformative teachers who have teaching competencies and leadership spirit. This study aims to describe the implementation of the value of 10 teacher's leadership of SGI Master Teacher program, batch 27 in Aceh Singkil 2018. This is study case research using a qualitative approach. The results of the study show that activists still implement most of the values of the curriculum of educators and instructors, although in the persistent aspect of research it is still low. Efforts can be made by activists to maintain the value of 10 teacher leadership; upgrading themselves through regular meetings, maintaining the friendship, and coaching programs directly from Sekolah Guru Indonesia
A review of forward proton tagging at 420m at the LHC, and relevant results from the Tevatron and HERA
Creators: name: Cox, B. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the theoretical and experimental motivations behind recent proposals to add forward proton tagging detectors to the LHC experiments as a means to search for new physics. We also review the current diffractive programs at the Tevatron and HERA, focusing in particular on measurements which will have a direct impact on the case for forward detectors at the LHC.
description: 9 pages, 1 figure, Talk presented at the 15th Topical Conference on Hadron Collider Physics, HCP2004
Six pieces of evidence against the corotation enforcement theory to explain the main aurora at Jupiter
Creators: name: Bonfond, Bertrand
name: Yao, Zhonghua
name: Grodent, Denis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The most remarkable feature of the ultraviolet auroras at Jupiter is the ever present and almost continuous curtain of bright emissions centered on each magnetic pole and called the main emissions. According to the classical theory, it results from an electric current loop transferring momentum from the Jovian ionosphere to the magnetospheric plasma. However, predictions based on these mainstream models have been recently challenged by observations from Juno and the Hubble Space Telescope. Here we review the main contradictory observations, expose their implications for the theory and discuss promising paths forward.
description: 12 pages, 1 figure submitted to Journal of Geophysical Research - Space Physics
Rolnictwo ekologiczne – tendencje i kierunki zmian
Creators: name: Brodzińska, Katarzyna
name: Brodzińska, Katarzyna
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: organic farming
subject: agri-environmental programme
subject: financial support
subject: / rolnictwo ekologiczne
subject: program rolnośrodowiskowy
subject: wsparcie finansowe

description: The article performed the analysis of organic farms linkage to market and their marketability. The possibility assessment of organic farming production system developing in Poland in aspect of worldwide development tendencies and RDP 2014-2020 was also conducted. Analysis was conducted using CSO statistical data, IJHARS- Main Inspectorate data and results of the research conducted on 399 organic farmers in Warmia and Mazury voivodeship in 2011. Analysis showed that organic farming is developing dynamically on all continents, although the EU countries have different strategies regarding its development. Organic farms in Poland have low marketability and lack of livestock production and because of that, they focus on agricultural subsides. / Synopsis. W artykule dokonano oceny stopnia powiązania gospodarstw ekologicznych z rynkiem oraz ich towarowości. Oszacowano możliwości rozwoju tych gospodarstw w Polsce, w kontekście światowych tendencji rozwoju rolnictwa ekologicznego i WPR 2014-2020. W analizach wykorzystano dane GUS, GIJHARS oraz wyniki badań terenowych przeprowadzonych w 2011 r. w woj. warmińsko-mazurskim wśród 399 rolników ekologicznych, otrzymujących wsparcie w ramach programu rolnośrodowiskowego. Z przeprowadzonych analiz wynika, że rolnictwo ekologiczne dynamicznie się rozwija na wszystkich kontynentach, ale poszczególne kraje UE realizują zróżnicowane strategie jego rozwoju. Problemem polskich gospodarstw ekologicznych jest ich niska towarowość oraz niski poziom produkcji zwierzęcej, a kluczowym czynnikiem warunkującym funkcjonowanie tych gospodarstw są subwencje rolnicze.
Nonequilibrium steady-state picture of incoherent light-induced excitation harvesting
Creators: name: Janković, Veljko
name: Mančal, Tomáš
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We formulate a comprehensive theoretical description of excitation harvesting in molecular aggregates photoexcited by weak incoherent radiation. An efficient numerical scheme that respects the continuity equation for excitation fluxes is developed to compute the nonequilibrium steady state (NESS) arising from the interplay between excitation generation, excitation relaxation, dephasing, trapping at the load, and recombination. The NESS is most conveniently described in the so-called preferred basis in which the steady-state excitonic density matrix is diagonal. The NESS properties are examined by relating the preferred-basis description to the descriptions in the site or excitonic bases. Focusing on a model photosynthetic dimer, we find that the NESS in the limit of long trapping time is quite similar to the excited-state equilibrium in which the stationary coherences originate from the excitation-environment entanglement. For shorter trapping times, we demonstrate how the properties of the NESS can be extracted from the time-dependent description of an incoherently driven but unloaded dimer. This relation between stationary and time-dependent pictures is valid, provided that the trapping time is longer than the decay time of dynamic coherences accessible in femtosecond spectroscopy experiments.
description: Final, published version
Elementy nowości wspólnej polityki rolnej po 2014 roku w odniesieniu do polskiego rolnictwa
Creators: name: Czyżewski, Andrzej
name: Stępień, Sebastian
name: Czyżewski, Andrzej
name: Stępień, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: International Development
subject: Common Agricultural Policy
subject: reform
subject: new elements
subject: agriculture in Poland
subject: / wspólna polityka rolna
subject: reforma
subject: nowe elementy
subject: rolnictwo w Polsce

description: The article presents the main objectives of the reform of the Common Agricultural Policy after 2014 and assesses them from the point of view of Polish agriculture. It takes into account such issues as the level of the EU budget and its allocation for Poland, a new scheme of direct payments, including the "greening" element and the support under the Rural Development Program. The publication is a review of the subject literature with the elements of deductive reasoning using the source material of the EU institutions and the Polish government, as well as authors' estimates. / Synopsis. W artykule zaprezentowano główne założenia reformy wspólnej polityki rolnej po 2014 roku. Uwzględniono elementy nowości i oceniono je z punktu widzenia interesów polskiego rolnictwa. Podjęto takie kwestie, jak poziom budżetu UE i jego alokacja dla Polski, nowy schemat płatności bezpośrednich, w tym ich „zazielenienie” oraz wsparcie w ramach Programu Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich. Publikacja ma charakter przeglądowy z elementami wnioskowania dedukcyjnego, wykorzystano w niej materiały źródłowe instytucji unijnych i rządu polskiego oraz szacunki autorów.
Resolving small-scale cold circumgalactic gas in TNG50
Creators: name: Nelson, Dylan
name: Sharma, Prateek
name: Pillepich, Annalisa
name: Springel, Volker
name: Pakmor, Ruediger
name: Weinberger, Rainer
name: Vogelsberger, Mark
name: Marinacci, Federico
name: Hernquist, Lars
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the high-resolution TNG50 cosmological magnetohydrodynamical simulation to explore the properties and origin of cold circumgalactic medium (CGM) gas around massive galaxies (M* > 10^11 Msun) at intermediate redshift (z~0.5). We discover a significant abundance of small-scale, cold gas structure in the CGM of 'red and dead' elliptical systems, as traced by neutral HI and MgII. Halos can host tens of thousands of discrete absorbing cloudlets, with sizes of order a kpc or smaller. With a Lagrangian tracer analysis, we show that cold clouds form due to strong drho/rho >> 1 gas density perturbations which stimulate thermal instability. These local overdensities trigger rapid cooling from the hot virialized background medium at ~10^7 K to radiatively inefficient ~10^4 K clouds, which act as cosmologically long-lived, 'stimulated cooling' seeds in a regime where the global halo does not satisfy the classic tcool/tff < 10 criterion. Furthermore, these small clouds are dominated by magnetic rather than thermal pressure, with plasma beta << 1, suggesting that magnetic fields may play an important role. The number and total mass of cold clouds both increase with resolution, and the ~8x10^4 Msun cell mass of TNG50 enables the ~few hundred pc, small-scale CGM structure we observe to form. Finally, we make a preliminary comparison against observations from the COS-LRG, LRG-RDR, COS-Halos, and SDSS LRG surveys. We broadly find that our recent, high-resolution cosmological simulations produce sufficiently high covering fractions of extended, cold gas as observed to surround massive galaxies.
description: MNRAS
Individualized Prediction of COVID-19 Adverse outcomes with MLHO
Creators: name: Estiri, Hossein
name: Strasser, Zachary H.
name: Murphy, Shawn N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We developed MLHO (pronounced as melo), an end-to-end Machine Learning framework that leverages iterative feature and algorithm selection to predict Health Outcomes. MLHO implements iterative sequential representation mining, and feature and model selection, for predicting the patient-level risk of hospitalization, ICU admission, need for mechanical ventilation, and death. It bases this prediction on data from patients' past medical records (before their COVID-19 infection). MLHO's architecture enables a parallel and outcome-oriented model calibration, in which different statistical learning algorithms and vectors of features are simultaneously tested to improve the prediction of health outcomes. Using clinical and demographic data from a large cohort of over 13,000 COVID-19-positive patients, we modeled the four adverse outcomes utilizing about 600 features representing patients' pre-COVID health records and demographics. The mean AUC ROC for mortality prediction was 0.91, while the prediction performance ranged between 0.80 and 0.81 for the ICU, hospitalization, and ventilation. We broadly describe the clusters of features that were utilized in modeling and their relative influence for predicting each outcome. Our results demonstrated that while demographic variables (namely age) are important predictors of adverse outcomes after a COVID-19 infection, the incorporation of the past clinical records are vital for a reliable prediction model. As the COVID-19 pandemic unfolds around the world, adaptable and interpretable machine learning frameworks (like MLHO) are crucial to improve our readiness for confronting the potential future waves of COVID-19, as well as other novel infectious diseases that may emerge.
Źródła rent gruntowych w rolnictwie Unii Europejskiej
Creators: name: Czyżewski, Bazyli
name: Czyżewski, Bazyli
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: land rent
subject: agriculture
subject: CAP of the EU
subject: agrarian structures
subject: renta gruntowa
subject: rolnictwo
subject: WPR UE
subject: struktury agrarne

description: Occurrence of land rent in agriculture of the EU is confirmed by the growing long-term trend of agricultural land prices. However, there is a question whether that rent is a differential one, linked with a different productivity of agricultural land, or absolute one in the classical sense, or an institutional one in the meaning of the public choice theory ? The objectives of the article are primarily theoretical. Author makes an attempt at verifying the concept of land rent, which was formulated on the basis of studies carried out in Poland. This time, the scope of the research includes a cross-section of all agricultural structures of the EU. According to the above mention concept, the source of land rent is a higher expected productivity of capital in agriculture than in its market environment. At the core of this thesis key assumptions of neoclassical economics and new classical economics lay. Conducted research answers i.e. the question where (in which countries and agrarian structures) a difference of capital productivity is greatest and to what extent it is due to the subsidies from the CAP or to some structural factors? A general conclusion that arises from the research is the fact that even without area payments, capital productivity in agriculture higher than in its environment is a common phenomenon in the EU. / Synopsis. Występowanie rent gruntowych we współczesnym rolnictwie UE potwierdza wieloletni rosnący trend cen ziemi rolniczej. Nasuwa się jednak pytanie, czy są to przede wszystkim renty różniczkowe związane z różną wydajnością gruntów rolnych, czy renty absolutne w klasycznym rozumieniu, czy też renty instytucjonalne w ujęciu teorii wyboru publicznego? Cele artykułu mają przede wszystkim wymiar teoriopoznawczy. Podejmuję w nim próbę weryfikacji koncepcji renty gruntowej, którą sformułowałem na podstawie badań przeprowadzonych w Polsce. Tym razem jednak zakres badań obejmuje pełen przekrój struktur agrarnych UE. Według wspomnianej koncepcji źródłem współczesnej renty gruntowej jest wyższa oczekiwana produktywność kapitału w rolnictwie niż w jego otoczeniu rynkowym. U podstaw tej tezy leżą kluczowe założenia ekonomii neoklasycznej oraz nowej ekonomii klasycznej. Przeprowadzone badania odpowiadają m.in. na pytanie, gdzie (w jakich krajach i strukturach agrarnych) ewentualna różnica wspomnianej produktywności kapitału jest największa i na ile wynika to z subsydiów z WPR, a na ile z czynników strukturalnych? Ogólna konkluzja sprowadza się do tego, że nawet bez płatności obszarowych wyższa produktywność nakładów kapitału w rolnictwie niż w jego otoczeniu jest powszechnym zjawiskiem w UE.
Koncepcja wskaźnika syntetycznego oceny poziomu rozwoju gmin wiejskich województwa świętokrzyskiego w warunkach globalizacji
Creators: name: Dziekański, Paweł
name: Dziekański, Paweł
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: commune
subject: development
subject: financial condition
subject: infrastructure
subject: synthetic index
subject: / gmina
subject: rozwój
subject: kondycja finansowa
subject: infrastruktura
subject: wskaźnik syntetyczny

description: Global processes and local areas that have become part of the worldwide economic and social development and part of the process of creating a network of linkages and interdependence in the economic, technological and cultural spheres. The design of the synthetic indicator allows measurement of a multidimensional phenomenon, as well as the linear arrangement of units surveyed. It allows to take into account the many aspects of the studied phenomenon at the same time (for example finance, infrastructure, and environmental protection). For benefits in this regard can be quantification of complex phenomena using a single numeric value. The objective was to assess the level of development of local evaluation of financial health, infrastructure and the environment of rural communities by using the synthetic indicator Świętokrzyskie. Voivodship is characterized by a clear differentiation in terms of traits and the same level of local development. Research suggests five types of municipalities a good (Morawica), medium (Zagnańsk, Sitkówka-Nowiny, Daleszyce, Krasocin), low (Piekoszów, Masłów, Łoniów, Pawłów, Stopnica, Sticks) and very low (Michałów, Klimontów, Nagłowice, Oksa, Moskorzew) levels of development. / Synopsis. Procesy globalne sprawiają, że obszary lokalne stały się częścią ogólnoświatowego układu gospodarczego i społecznego oraz elementem procesu tworzenia się sieci powiązań i współzależności w m.in. sferze gospodarczej, technologicznej i kulturowej. Konstrukcja wskaźnika syntetycznego umożliwia pomiar wielowymiarowego zjawiska, a także liniowe uporządkowanie badanych jednostek. Pozwala ona uwzględnić wiele aspektów badanego zjawiska jednocześnie (np. finanse, infrastrukturę, stan i ochronę środowiska). Za korzyści w tym względzie uznać można kwantyfikację złożonego zjawiska za pomocą jednej wartości liczbowej. Celem opracowania była ocena poziomu rozwoju lokalnego przez ocenę kondycji finansowej, infrastruktury i środowiska naturalnego gmin wiejskich województwa świętokrzyskiego za pomocą wskaźnika syntetycznego. Województwo świętokrzyskie charakteryzuje się wyraźnym zróżnicowaniem wewnętrznym w zakresie badanych cech, a tym samym poziomie rozwoju lokalnego. Badania wskazują na pięć rodzajów gmin dobrym (Morawica), średnim (Zagnańsk, Sitkówka-Nowiny, Daleszyce, Krasocin), słabym (Piekoszów, Masłów, Łoniów, Pawłów, Stopnica, Kije) i bardzo słabym (Michałów, Klimontów, Nagłowice, Oksa, Moskorzew) poziomie rozwoju.
Nonlinear Lattice Dynamics of Bose-Einstein Condensates
Creators: name: Porter, Mason A.
name: Carretero-González, R.
name: Kevrekidis, P. G.
name: Malomed, Boris A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The Fermi-Pasta-Ulam (FPU) model, which was proposed 50 years ago to examine thermalization in non-metallic solids and develop ``experimental'' techniques for studying nonlinear problems, continues to yield a wealth of results in the theory and applications of nonlinear Hamiltonian systems with many degrees of freedom. Inspired by the studies of this seminal model, solitary-wave dynamics in lattice dynamical systems have proven vitally important in a diverse range of physical problems--including energy relaxation in solids, denaturation of the DNA double strand, self-trapping of light in arrays of optical waveguides, and Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) in optical lattices. BECS, in particular, due to their widely ranging and easily manipulated dynamical apparatuses--with one to three spatial dimensions, positive-to-negative tuning of the nonlinearity, one to multiple components, and numerous experimentally accessible external trapping potentials--provide one of the most fertile grounds for the analysis of solitary waves and their interactions. In this paper, we review recent research on BECs in the presence of deep periodic potentials, which can be reduced to nonlinear chains in appropriate circumstances. These reductions, in turn, exhibit many of the remarkable nonlinear structures (including solitons, intrinsic localized modes, and vortices) that lie at the heart of the nonlinear science research seeded by the FPU paradigm.
description: 10 pages, revtex, two-columns, 3 figs, accepted fpr publication in Chaos's focus issue on the 50th anniversary of the publication of the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam problem; minor clarifications (and a couple corrected typos) from previous version
Eulophidae
Creators: name: Shimbori, Eduardo Mitio
name: Costa, Valmir Antonio
name: Zucchi, Roberto Antonio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Eulophidae

description: Family Eulophidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea)   This is possibly the most diverse and common family of Chalcidoidea, with more than 4,000 species in 280 genera worldwide. In the Neotropics there are 500 species in 120 genera, but estimates are that Costa Rica alone has more than 2,000 species (LaSalle et al. 2006). The monophyly of the group is virtually undisputed (Heraty et al. 2013) and its position within Chalcidoidea seems to be basal, derived just after the two most basal egg-parasitoid families Mymaridae and Trichogrammatidae. Therefore, the ancestral Eulophidae would have been the first chalcidoids to attack hosts in stages other than eggs and to possess metallic coloration (Peters et al. 2018).
 The eulophids are extremely diverse in their natural histories, parasitism strategies and host associations. They attack hosts in many orders of insects and in any development stage from egg to adult, although the majority of the hosts are larvae of holometabolous insects. Exceptions include spiders and hemimetabolous insects (e.g., Odonata, Orthoptera and Hemiptera), in these cases usually parasitizing eggs (LaSalle et al. 2006).
 Tetrastichus giffardianus, a native of Africa, is the only species of Eulophidae that has been recorded in Brazil as parasitizing tephritids. It was introduced into Brazil in 1937 (Autuori 1938) for biological control of Ce. capitata. After its introduction, the species was believed to have failed to establish until it was rediscovered 60 years after the last report (Costa et al. 2005). Only one other eulophid parasitizes fruit-infesting tephritid flies in the New World, Aceratoneuromyia indica (Silvestri), which is also exotic, introduced from Southeast Asia, and has established successfully in several countries in the Americas (Ovruski et al. 2000).
description: Published as part of Shimbori, Eduardo Mitio, Costa, Valmir Antonio & Zucchi, Roberto Antonio, 2020, Annotated checklist and illustrated key to parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae Eulophidae and Pteromalidae) of fruit flies (Diptera, Tephritidae) in Brazil, pp. 53-70 in Zootaxa 4858 (1) on page 60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4858.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/4411551
Sunday walks and seed traps : the many natural histories of British Columbia forest conservation, 1890-1925
Creators: name: Brownstein, David
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: British Columbia amateur natural historians were among the most vocal advocates of scientific forest conservation at the turn of the twentieth century. They were uniquely positioned to document the environmental changes that their colonial society had brought to the province and their observations enlivened them to petition government to control these changes. In response to the appeals of such individuals as James Robert Anderson (1841-1930), John Davidson (1878-1970), and Chartres Cecil Pemberton (1864-1945), government embraced the empirical theories of Prussian Forstwissenschaft. However, the forest botany that complemented these forest mensuration techniques (and necessary to implement sustained-yield forestry) did not survive the trip from Europe intact. Upon creation of the B.C. Forest Branch in 1912, staff adopted natural history techniques to make sense of, and then manage, the provincial forests under its control. The natural historians and the foresters were thus joined by the causeway of ecology as it was then emerging in North America. It was over this ecological bridge that traffic flowed back and forth between the old scientific culture of the natural historians and the new North American forestry. The Branch initially pursued a brand of egalitarian science whereby each and every employee was responsible for compiling policy-relevant sample-plot observations. A lack of trust between headquarters and those in the field changed this strategy and gave rise to a different geography of expertise, with the consequence that the original structure of scientific interaction became obstructed from historical view. By jettisoning the idea that the science that underpinned early forest management was solely an homogenous uptake of European Forstwissenschaft, we allow for different (and often competing) scientific cultures to exist at the same time and in the same place. We can also better understand the naturalists’ influence upon and their eventual marginalization by the Forest Branch and its nascent philosophy of sustained-yield. The thesis explores each of these themes by way of chapters on scientific culture in British Columbia; three quite different botanists; and research as practised by the British Columbia Forest Branch.
Structure and vibrational spectra of carbon clusters in SiC
Creators: name: Mattausch, Alexander
name: Bockstedte, Michel
name: Pankratov, Oleg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electronic, structural and vibrational properties of small carbon interstitial and antisite clusters are investigated by ab initio methods in 3C and 4H-SiC. The defects possess sizable dissociation energies and may be formed via condensation of carbon interstitials, e.g. generated in the course of ion implantation. All considered defect complexes possess localized vibrational modes (LVM's) well above the SiC bulk phonon spectrum. In particular, the compact antisite clusters exhibit high-frequency LVM's up to 250meV. The isotope shifts resulting from a_{13}C enrichment are analyzed. In the light of these results, the photoluminescence centers D_{II} and P-U are discussed. The dicarbon antisite is identified as a plausible key ingredient of the D_{II}-center, whereas the carbon split-interstitial is a likely origin of the P-T centers. The comparison of the calculated and observed high-frequency modes suggests that the U-center is also a carbon-antisite based defect.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures, accepted by Phys. Rev. B
Konsumpcja papierosów w różnych grupach społeczno-ekonomicznych w Polsce w latach 2000-2013
Creators: name: Jałowiecka, Ewa
name: Jałowiecki, Piotr
name: Śmiałowski, Tomasz
name: Jałowiecka, Ewa
name: Jałowiecki, Piotr
name: Śmiałowski, Tomasz
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: cigarettes consumption
subject: socio-economic groups
subject: biological types of family
subject: / konsumpcja papierosów
subject: grupy społeczno-ekonomiczne
subject: typy biologiczne rodzin

description: The paper presents results of research on diversification in cigarette consumption, depending on the socio-economic group and type of biological family. As the source data used results of the panel "Social Diagnosis" conducted periodically since 2000. The results were compared with the results of previous studies conducted by the authors on the basis of the results of the Household Budget (BGD) survey. / Synopsis. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczących zróżnicowania poziomu konsumpcji papierosów w zależności od grupy społeczno-ekonomicznej i typu biologicznego rodziny. Jako dane źródłowe wykorzystano wyniki badań panelowych „Diagnoza Społeczna” prowadzonych cyklicznie od 2000 roku. Uzyskane rezultaty porównano z wynikami wcześniejszych badań prowadzonych przez autorów w oparciu o wyniki badań Budżetów Gospodarstw Domowych (BGD).
Zmiany cen zbóż w krajach UE w latach 2000-2012
Creators: name: Kisielińska, Joanna
name: Kisielińska, Joanna
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: grain prices
subject: price volatility
subject: / ceny zbóż
subject: zmienność cen

description: The aim of the research presented in the article was to analyze the changes in the prices of cereals in the current EU members since 2000. Studies were carried out using constant prices of six cereals: wheat, rye, barley, oats, maize and triticale in 27 countries. Ratings volatility was based on the values of the coefficients of variation. The results show that since 2006, observed a strong destabilization of the market, reflected in large fluctuations in prices. The article shows that changes in the price level may be to some extent explained by changes in the size of production, but the reasons for the severity of the violence of these changes failed to indicate. / Synopsis. Celem badań przedstawionych w artykule była analiza zmian cen zbóż w krajach aktualnych członków UE od roku 2000. Badania prowadzono wykorzystując ceny stałe sześciu zbóż: pszenicy, żyta, jęczmienia, owsa, kukurydzy i pszenżyta w 27 państwach. Oceny zmienności dokonano na podstawie wartości współczynników zmienności. Wyniki badań pokazują, że od roku 2006 obserwowana jest silna destabilizacja rynku, objawiająca się dużymi wahaniami cen. W artykule pokazano, że zmiany poziomu cen mogą być w pewnym zakresie wyjaśnione zmianami w rozmiarze produkcji, jednak przyczyn nasilenia się gwałtowności tych zmian nie udało się wskazać.
Unraveling the magnetic interactions and spin state in insulating Sr$_{2-x}$La$_x$CoNbO$_6$
Creators: name: Kumar, Ajay
name: Dhaka, R. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the structural, magnetic and spin-state transitions, and magnetocaloric properties of Sr$_{2-x}$La$_x$CoNbO$_6$ ($x=$ 0--1) double perovskites. The structural transition from tetragonal to monoclinic phase at $x$ $\geqslant$ 0.6, and an evolution of (101)/(103) superlattice reflections and Raman active modes indicate the enhancement in the B-site ordering with $x$. The magnetic susceptibility data reveal the transition from weak ferromagnetic (FM) to antiferromagnetic (AFM) ordering for $x$ $\geqslant$ 0.6 with T$_{\rm N}$$\approx$9--15~K. Interestingly, the La substitution drives towards more insulating state due to increase in high-spin Co$^{2+}$, whereas a spin-state crossover is observed in Co$^{3+}$ from high-spin to intermediate/low-spin states with $x$. We discuss the correlation between complex magnetic interactions and the presence of various Co spin-states in the system. Moreover, the emergence of metamagnetic nature due to the competition between FM and AFM interactions as well as crossover from conventional to inverse magnetocaloric effect have been demonstrated by detailed analysis of temperature and field dependent change in magnetic entropy.
description: submitted
title: Erstellung einer Awareness-Kampagne zum Thema Containerarchitektur im Wohnbereich in Österreich
Creators: name: Appler, Lisa-Maria
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Containerhaus
subject: Modulhaus
subject: Bekanntsheitssteigerung
subject: Marketingkonzept
subject: Fertighaus

description: Energieeffizientes, qualitativ hochwertiges, aber dennoch preiswertes Bauen ist heutzutage von großem Interesse. Der Traum vom eigenen Haus jedoch schwerer realisierbar, da die Menschen, die sich diesen Wunsch erfüllen wollen, weniger Geld zur Verfügung haben. Die bereits hohen Quadratmeterpreise und Mieten sind wesentliche Aspekte, die den Traum von den eigenen vier Wänden erschweren. Darüber hinaus fordert die moderne Arbeitswelt verstärkt Flexibilität und Mobilität. Daraus resultiert die Tendenz zu häufigeren Umzügen. Diese Anforderungen müssen vom Wohnbau der Zukunft umgesetzt werden. Zur Illustration dieser Entwicklungen, aber auch zum Zwecke der Bewusstseinsbildung befasst sich diese Arbeit mit dem Thema "Containerbauweise im Wohnbereich". Es galt, eine Art des Bauens zu finden, die den gesellschaftlichen, sozialen und ökologischen Anforderungen an das moderne Bauen erfüllen kann. Das Containerhaus verfügt über alle diese Eigenschaften: Es ist ökologisch, energieeffizient, nachhaltig und preiswert. Qualitativ hochwertiges Design, das Flexibilität in der Bauweise ermöglicht, sind zusätzliche Vorteile. Das Thema ist in Österreich jedoch noch relativ unbekannt - ein Umstand, der es notwendig machte, eine Awareness-Kampagne ins Leben zu rufen, um den Bekanntheitsgrad der Containerbauweise zu steigern. Vorerst wird ein Einblick in die modernen Bauweisen gewährt und auf die modulare Architektur näher eingegangen. Unter moderner Bauweise wird die Vorproduktion des Haues im Werk verstanden. Dazu werden die Produktbeschreibung und der Vergleich der Fertigteilbranche mit den unterschiedlichen Arten von Containerhäusern herangezogen. Die traditionelle Ziegelbauweise wird jedoch außer Acht gelassen. Auch für die neue Bauweise gelten die Bauordnungen der Bundesländer. Für die Erarbeitung einer Awareness-Kampagne wird die COMMODHaus GmbH herangezogen und eine genaue Analyse dieses Unternehmens, des Marktes und des Umfeldes durchgeführt. Die Strategieableitung ist ein weiterer wesentlicher Schritt. Bei der Vorstellung der entwickelten Kampagne werden die einzelnen Marketingmaßnahmen, die der Realisierung der Ziele dienen, im Detail durchgenommen. Die Grobschätzung und die Controllinginstrumente zur Messung des Erfolges der Maßnahmenumsetzung runden die Arbeit ab.
Learning in multi-level governance of adaptation to climate change – a literature review
Creators: name: Gonzales-Iwanciw, Javier
name: Dewulf, Art
name: Karlsson-Vinkhuyzen, Sylvia
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: The governance of adaptation to climate change is an emerging multi-level challenge, and learning is a central governance factor in such a new empirical field. We analyze, through a literature review, how learning is addressed in both the general multi-level governance literature and the governance of adaptation to climate change literature. We explore the main congruencies and divergences between these two literature strands and identify promising directions to conceptualize learning in multi-level governance of adaptation. The review summarizes the main approaches to learning in these two strands and outlines conceptualizations of learning, the methods suggested and applied to assess learning, the way learning processes and strategies are understood, and the critical factors identified and described. The review contrasts policy learning approaches frequently used in multi-level governance literature with social learning approaches that are more common in adaptation literature to explore common ground and differences in order to build a conceptual framework and provide directions for further research.
title: Investigation of aged, non-aged bitumen and their bitumen fractions
Creators: name: Großegger, Daniel
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: bitumen
subject: chromatography
subject: fluorescence spectroscopy

description: In road construction the main application of bitumen is as binder for asphalt. The viscoelastic, adhesive and mostly black material is mainly obtained as a residue from petroleum distillation. Other origins for bitumen exist, but this thesis discusses only bitumen originating from crude oil. Bitumen can be separated into four fractions. The separation takes place in two steps. The first step is the precipitation of asphaltenes, done by filtering bitumen dissolved in n-heptane. The remaining part, called maltenes, is then in the second step separated by liquid column chromatography into saturates, aromatics and resins. Polarity increases form saturates to resins and asphaltenes are in the polarity range of aromatics and resins. Asphaltenes form a black powder and decompose when heated above 350 °C. The asphaltene fraction consists of large molecules containing hetero atoms like oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur and metal atoms. Due to fused aromatic rings asphaltenes can exhibit fluorescence, but they do not show fluorescence in the solid state, only when dissolved they fluoresce. Asphatenes have a major contribution on all physical properties, as they increase alongside of resins. During ageing bitumen gets stiffer (less viscous), so their fluorescence signal decreases. Resins are a black solid at room temperature and liquefy at higher temperature. The exhibited fluorescence is contributed to its molecular structure containing aromatic rings. They increase during ageing. Aromatics are viscous and appear dark red. They contribute the most to the fluorescence of bitumen. Other fractions (most resins) seem to quench the fluorescence of the aromatics leading to the spectrum of maltenes. Asphaltenes decreases the intensity further, but no additional change in curve progression takes place. Aromatics act as solution for asphaltenes and resins and are decreasing during ageing, probably changing to resins and asphaltenes, due to oxidation. Saturates are a colourless liquid, which behaves purely viscous like aromatics. The saturate concentration is not altered during ageing, so their contribution to any property remains constant. A part fluoresces, but the main part shows fewer to no signals. During ageing the fractions asphaltenes and resins increase in content as aromatics decrease. Due to the change in these three fractions the fluorescence signal lessens. Infrared spectroscopy indicates that oxygen is taken up during ageing - oxidation process. Effects on the microstructure are that the catana and peri-phase increase in size shown by atomic force microscopy. The mechanism for laboratory liquid ageing is different from standard laboratory ageing methods or field ageing, indicated by fluorescence and infrared spectroscopy.
Strong Equivalence, Lorentz and CPT Violation, Anti-Hydrogen Spectroscopy and Gamma-Ray Burst Polarimetry
Creators: name: Shore, Graham M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The strong equivalence principle, local Lorentz invariance and CPT symmetry are fundamental ingredients of the quantum field theories used to describe elementary particle physics. Nevertheless, each may be violated by simple modifications to the dynamics while apparently preserving the essential fundamental structure of quantum field theory itself. In this paper, we analyse the construction of strong equivalence, Lorentz and CPT violating Lagrangians for QED and review and propose some experimental tests in the fields of astrophysical polarimetry and precision atomic spectroscopy. In particular, modifications of the Maxwell action predict a birefringent rotation of the direction of linearly polarised radiation from synchrotron emission which may be studied using radio galaxies or, potentially, gamma-ray bursts. In the Dirac sector, changes in atomic energy levels are predicted which may be probed in precision spectroscopy of hydrogen and anti-hydrogen atoms, notably in the Doppler-free, two-photon $1s-2s$ and $2s-nd (n \sim 10)$ transitions.
description: 32 pages, LaTeX, 3 figs
Prawidłowości rozwoju rolnictwa a rozwój współczesnego rolnictwa
Creators: name: Komorowska, Dorota
name: Komorowska, Dorota
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: agriculture
subject: sustainable growth
subject: competitiveness of farms
subject: / rolnictwo
subject: zrównoważony rozwój
subject: konkurencyjność gospodarstw rolnych

description: Modern agriculture is confronted with many difficulties and barriers hindering its further development. Among the main factors hampering its growth are, first of all, a limited increase in food demand and a decrease in real agricultural prices, parallel with an increase in production costs, which results in farm income decrease and also limits opportunities for further agriculture development. In turn, market forces in the presence of overproduction and liberalization of international trade lead inevitably to growing competitiveness, which imposes an increased competitiveness in farms. Thus, present-day agriculture faces new challenges which cannot be met without implementing active agricultural policy, shaping favourable conditions for its further development. In the context of limited opportunities for further agriculture development and aims of sustainable growth in modern economies, also non-productive functions of agriculture should be properly appreciated and supported, as they generate goods of public character which cannot be provided by market mechanisms, whereas agriculture covers the costs of their acquisition. / Synopsis. Współczesne rolnictwo napotyka bariery dalszego rozwoju do których należy przede wszystkim ograniczony przyrost popytu na żywność oraz spadek realnych cen rolnych przy wzroście kosztów produkcji. Prowadzi to do spadku dochodów rolniczych i ogranicza możliwości dalszego rozwoju rolnictwa. Z kolei w warunkach nadprodukcji i liberalizacji handlu międzynarodowego, siły rynku prowadzą nieuchronnie do rosnącej konkurencji, która wymusza wzrost poziomu konkurencyjności gospodarstw rolnych. Wobec tego, dzisiejsze rolnictwo stoi w obliczu nowych wyzwań, których udźwignięcie jest niemożliwe bez aktywnej polityki rolnej kształtującej warunki dalszego rozwoju rolnictwa. W kontekście ograniczonych możliwości dalszego rozwoju rolnictwa oraz celów zrównoważonego rozwoju współczesnych gospodarek należy docenić i wesprzeć pozaprodukcyjne funkcje rolnictwa, ponieważ kreują dobra o charakterze publicznym, których mechanizm rynkowy nie jest w stanie zapewnić, natomiast rolnictwo ponosi koszty ich uzyskania.
Wycena nieruchomości rolnych z wykorzystaniem Analitycznego Procesu Sieciowego
Creators: name: Kozioł-Kaczorek, Dorota
name: Kozioł-Kaczorek, Dorota
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: agricultural real estate
subject: valuation
subject: Analytic Network Process
subject: / nieruchomość rolna
subject: wycena
subject: Analityczny Proces Sieciowy

description: Consider a problem of valuation of agricultural real estate not only on polish agricultural real estate market. The purpose of this paper is to present some method for multicriteria valuation, which is Analytic Network Process (ANP). This technique seems to be more appropriate because allows valuation with quantitative and qualitative characteristics of real estate and allows the incorporate of feedback and interdependence relationship. / Synopsis. Rozważanym zagadnieniem jest wycena nieruchomości rolnych i związane z nią wybrane problemy. Opisane w pracy problemy to przede wszystkim ograniczony zbiór dostępnych informacji oraz konieczność uwzględnienia w procesie wyceny zarówno charakterystyk ilościowych jak i ilościowych. Mają charakter międzynarodowy i nie wynikają wyłącznie ze specyfiki polskiego rynku nieruchomości. Dowodem na to jest wspomniana w pracy wycena plantacji brzoskwiń w Hiszpanii. Celem pracy jest przedstawienie propozycji wielokryterialnej metody wyceny za pomocą Analitycznego Procesu Sieciowego (ANP). Technika ta bowiem umożliwia uwzględnienie w procesie wyceny zarówno cech mierzalnych jak i niemierzalnych cech nieruchomości. ANP pozwala ponadto na uwzględnienie relacji zwrotnej i współzależności w procesie wyceny.