cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Mutations that alter the activity of the Rous sarcoma virus protease
Creators: name: Leis, J.
name: Leis, J.
name: Bizub, D.
name: Skalka, A.M.
name: Burstein, H.
name: Wlodawer, A.
name: Wlodawer, A.
name: Bizub, D.
name: Skalka, A.M.
name: Weber, I.T.
name: Cameron, C.E.
name: Grinde, B.
name: Grinde, B.
name: Weber, I.T.
name: Burstein, H.
name: Cameron, C.E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1992

description: Mutations designed by analysis of the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 protease (PR) crystal structures were introduced into 1) the substrate binding pocket, 2) the substrate enclosing 'flaps,' and 3) surface loops of RSV PR. Each mutant PR was expressed in Escherichia coli. Changes in activity were detected by following cleavage of a truncated (NC-PR) precursor polypeptide in E. coli and cleavage of synthetic peptide substrates representing RSV and HIV-1 PR cleavage sites in vitro. Mutations in the substrate binding pocket exchanged amino acid residues located close to the substrate in the HIV-1 PR for structurally equivalent residues in the RSV PR. Changing histidine 65 to glycine (H65G) gave an inactive enzyme, while a double mutant R105P, G106V, as well as the triple mutant, H65G, R105P, G106V, produced enzymes which showed significant activity toward a substrate that represented a HIV-1 cleavage site. Mutating the catalytic aspartate (D37S) or an adjacent conserved alanine to threonine (A40T), produced inactive enzymes. In contrast, the substitution A40S was active, but showed a reduced rate of catalysis. Mutations in the flaps of conserved glycines (G69L, G70L) produced inactive PRs. Two extended RSV PR surface loops were shortened to the size found in HIV-1 PR and resulted in drastically reduced activity. These results have confirmed some of the basic predictions made from structural models but have also revealed unexpected roles and interactions in the protein.
On analogies between algebraic groups and groups of finite Morley rank
Creators: name: Altinel, Tuna
name: Burdges, Jeffrey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03C60, 20E32

description: We prove that in a connected group of finite Morley rank the centralizers of decent tori are connected. We then apply this result to the analysis of minimal connected simple groups of finite Morley rank. Our applications include general covering properties by Borel subgroups, the description of Weyl groups and the analysis of toral automorphisms.
Scoparia spadix Nuss 1998
Creators: name: Léger, Théo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Crambidae
Scoparia
Scoparia spadix

description: Scoparia spadix Nuss, 1998
Figs. 01, 69.
Scoparia spadix Nuss, 1998, p. 490, figs. 3, 11–12. Type locality: Philippines: Mindanao, Mt Agtuuganon, 1050 m.
MATERIAL
Holotype: ♂ (specimen identifier coll.mfn-berlin.de_u_dbcbce, DNA voucher MFNLEP1084, genitalia on slide TL1272M). PHILIPPINES: Mindanao, Mt Agtuuganon, 1050 m, 28.v-7.vi.1996, leg. Mey. Deposited in MfN.
Paratypes: 2 ♂ (specimen identifiers coll.mfn-berlin.de_u_6a6cf9, ce35bd) (detailed information in Table S1; https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.b8gtht7mh).
Other specimens examined: 7 ♂, 13 ♀ (detailed information in Table S1; https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.b8gtht7mh).
SIMILAR SPECIES
Scoparia ifugaoensis sp. n.
DIAGNOSIS
Scoparia spadix can be separated from its congeners by the ocher antemedian and postmedian bands edged with white, contrasting with the dark brown ground color in the forewing (Fig. 01). Scoparia spadix shares with S. aenea sp. n. the antemedian and postmedian ocher bands but lacks the conspicuous white median diffuse patch observed in S. aenea sp. n. In male genitalia (Fig. 69), the short triangular uncus and the elongate gnathos curved downwards is also observed in S. philippinensis, S. noacki, and S. ifugaoensis sp. n. From these species, S. spadix can be recognized by the five elongate curved cornuti on the vesica. Females are unknown.
DISTRIBUTION
INDONESIA: Sumatra. PHILIPPINES: Leyte, Luzon (Mountain Province, Laguna), Mindoro, Mindanao (Davao Oriental). Collected at altitudes between 850 and 2100 m.
DNA BARCODING
The species delimitation analysis recovered five MOTUs for Leyte, Mindoro, and Mindanao. Unfortunately specimens from Leyte and Mindoro were only represented by females and can thus not be confidently identified as belonging to S. spadix.
REMARKS
Specimens from Mount Makiling (Laguna) and Mountain Province have a white median band on the forewing that is absent in specimens from Mindanao, the type locality. The male genitalia of specimens from Mt Makiling harbor a vesica with six long, slightly curved cornuti, while specimens from Mindanao show only five long, curvy cornuti (S. spadix). The single male specimen from North Luzon (Mountain Province) shows five cornuti of increasing size. Due to the low number of male specimens available from Luzon, I refrain from describing new species here.
description: Published as part of Léger, Théo, 2024, Half of the Diversity Undescribed: Integrative Taxonomy Reveals 32 New Species and a High Cryptic Diversity in the Scopariinae and Crambinae of the Philippines (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), pp. 1-93 in Bulletin of the Society of Systematic Biologists 3 (2) on page 15, DOI: 10.18061/bssb.v3i2.9527, http://zenodo.org/record/15116964
A range of catalytic efficiencies with avian retroviral protease subunits genetically linked to form single polypeptide chains
Creators: name: Skalka, A.M.
name: Weber, I.T.
name: Bizub, D.
name: Weber, I.T.
name: Cameron, C.E.
name: Skalka, A.M.
name: Cameron, C.E.
name: Leis, J.P.
name: Leis, J.P.
name: Bizub, D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1991

description: Molecular modeling based on the crystal structure of the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) protease dimer has been used to link the two identical subunits of this enzyme into a functional, single polypeptide chain resembling the nonviral aspartic proteases. Six different linkages were selected to test the importance of different interactions between the amino acids at the amino and carboxyl termini of the two subunits. These linkages were introduced into molecular clones of fused protease genes and the linked protease dimers were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. Catalytically active proteins were obtained from the inclusion body fraction after renaturation. The linked protease dimers exhibited a 10-20-fold range in catalytic efficiencies (V(max)/K(m)) on peptide substrates. Both flexibility and ionic interactions in the linkage region affect catalytic efficiency. Some of the linked protease dimers were 2-3-fold more active than the nonlinked enzyme purified from bacteria, although substrate specificities were unchanged. Similar relative efficiencies were observed using a polyprotein precursor as substrate. Mutation of one catalytic Asp in the most active linked protease dimer inactivated the enzyme, demonstrating that these proteins function as single polypeptide chains rather than as multimers.
Public and private space in the traditional suburban centre
Creators: name: Pedder, S
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: The broad suburban landscape in Australia has evolved to produce few rich, strong centres, outside of the 'shopping towns'. Because of this, suburbs rarely provide central places whose character and function reflect the full spectrum of civic life. The structure and history of traditional centres, which developed before the world wars, however, suggest a quality of community life can be redefined in the suburban place. This professional paper, in recognising this opportunity, establishes a strategic planning approach in order to reinvigorate the traditional centre's public and private spaces. A three dimensional plan of the subject site, Camberwell Junction, is developed to demonstrate the approach.
Direct Limits of Adèle Rings and Their Completions
Creators: name: Kelly, James P.
name: Samuels, Charles L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11R56, 13J10, 46A13

description: The adèle ring $\mathbb A_K$ of a global field $K$ is a locally compact, metrizable topological ring which is complete with respect to any invariant metric on $\mathbb A_K$. For a fixed global field $F$ and a possibly infinite algebraic extension $E/F$, there is a natural partial ordering on $\{\mathbb A_K:F\subseteq K\subseteq E\}$. Therefore, we may form the direct limit \[
 \mathbb A_E = \varinjlim \mathbb A_K \] which provides one possible generalization of adèle rings to arbitrary algebraic extensions $E/F$. In the case where $E/F$ is Galois, we define an alternate generalization of the adèles, denoted $\bar{\mathbb V}_E$, to be a certain metrizable topological ring of continuous functions on the set of places of $E$. We show that $\bar{\mathbb V}_E$ is isomorphic to the completion of $\mathbb A_E$ with respect to any invariant metric and use this isomorphism to establish several topological properties of $\mathbb A_E$.
description: 18 pages
How Unavoidable Are Analytical Treatment Interruptions in HIV Cure-Related Studies?
Creators: name: Margolis, D.M.
name: Deeks, S.G.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2019

description: In this discussion, 2 established researchers and clinical trialists debate their opposing views on the utility, benefits, and risks of the use of analytical interruption of antiretroviral therapy as a clinical trial end point and outcome measure in human studies seeking to induce remission of or eradicate human immunodeficiency virus infection.
PR - A Model Of Land Bid Values In Times Of Market Exuberance (p359-365)
Creators: name: Schoney, R.A.
name: Xing, Liao
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Farmland valuation
subject: bid values
subject: market exuberance

description: Historically, market exuberance can be a major problem in farmland pricing. The objective of this paper is to examine possible underlying mechanisms that result in irrational market exuberance for teaching and extension. Price expectations are examined as a possible underlying cause and rejected. Based on extensive experience with farmers, two alternative bid models are developed based on future farmland values: exogenous and endogenous ending farmland prices. Both models are based on a capital investment model of a farm business which includes farm business financing, cash flows, income taxes and a finite time horizon. The latter requires assets to be valued and tax implications calculated. The exogenous model assumes that ending farmland values are a function of current market values inflated to a future value. The endogenous model assumes that ending farmland values are a function of the bid value itself inflated to some future value. Both models require the use of an algorithm such as Goal SeekÂ© to find the appropriate bid price. A case farm is set up and the bid prices estimated under a range of expected future land inflation rates. As expected, the exogenous model does not display irrational market exuberance; the endogenous model does when the inflation rate approaches the after-tax cost of capital and the bid value becomes infinite. Hence, in times of extreme market exuberance the result is â€œthe more that is bid for land, the more it is worthâ€. This shows the caution (and discipline) that must be used in times of rapidly inflating land prices.
description: Eighteenth International Farm Management Congress, Methven, New Zealand, 2011
Interaction, noticing and second language acquisition : an examination of learners' noticing of recasts in task-based interaction
Creators: name: Philp, Jenefer
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: This dissertation concerns learners' perception and use of implicit feedback in the context of interaction. Recent studies have provided empirical evidence for the positive effects of interaction on second language development, however there is little understanding of how learners process and internalise second language data. In seeking to understand how interaction promotes interlanguage development, noticing has been posited as a crucial factor. If second language (L2) input is to be used by the learner it must be noticed. Interaction is argued to promote noticing of L2 form in a very specific context, that is, when learners perceive a mismatch between the L2 form and their own interlanguage grammar. The foci of this dissertation are, in the context of oral interaction: 1.to operationalise noticing; 2.to examine both whether learners notice recasts of their non-target-like utterances and what factors constrain noticing of recasts; 3.to examine whether noticing of recasts can lead to interlanguage restructuring. Whereas previous SLA research has used retrospective methods for accessing noticing of oral input, the current study sought to examine noticing in the context of task-based interaction at the same time that feedback was being given. The study specifically examined what learners noticed about morphosyntactic modifications made to their production of question forms through recasts. In five sessions of dyadic interaction, 33 ESL learners received recasts of their non-target-like questions from their native speaker interlocutors. Noticing was defined as: \detection with awareness and rehearsal in short term memory\" (Robinson1995 p. 318) and operationalised as the learner's ability to immediately recall the recast in response to an unexpected sound cue. Subsequent use of recasts was measured through analysis of learners' interlanguage production over six weeks. Research questions addressed (a) constraints on noticing of recasts and (b) use of recasts. The results suggest that recasts were noticed by learners supporting the claim that interactional modifications may draw learners' attention to anomalies between their interlanguage production and target language input. However recasts were not always noticed constrained both by the limitations of short-term memory capacity and processing biases of the learner. The results also support the claim that noticing may lead to interlanguage restructuring under certain conditions. Where data matched the processing biases of the learner and where there were repeated opportunities to hear and to produce interlanguage forms learners noticed and later incorporated recasts of their non-target-like production. This study contributes to both theory and practice within second language acquisition research. It proposes a potential means of measuring noticing of recasts in the context of interaction and contributes to a further understanding of second language acquisition processes."
Connor Christopher Wilson, The Battle Rhetoric of Crusade and Holy War, c. 1099–c. 1222, London, New York (Routledge) 2022
Creators: name: Balard, Michel
Publisher: name: Francia-Recensio
Year: 2023

description: Connor Christopher Wilson, The Battle Rhetoric of Crusade and Holy War, c. 1099–c. 1222, London, New York (Routledge) 2022, 260 p. (Advances in Crusader Research), ISBN 978-0-367-49118-5, EUR 140,42.
description: Francia-Recensio, 2023/4
Determinants of the efficacy of HIV latency-reversing agents and implications for drug and treatment design
Creators: name: Margolis, D.M.
name: Ke, R.
name: Perelson, A.S.
name: Conway, J.M.
Publisher: name: NLM (Medline)
Year: 2018

description: HIV eradication studies have focused on developing latency-reversing agents (LRAs). However, it is not understood how the rate of latent reservoir reduction is affected by different steps in the process of latency reversal. Furthermore, as current LRAs are host-directed, LRA treatment is likely to be intermittent to avoid host toxicities. Few careful studies of the serial effects of pulsatile LRA treatment have yet been done. This lack of clarity makes it difficult to evaluate the efficacy of candidate LRAs or predict long-term treatment outcomes. We constructed a mathematical model that describes the dynamics of latently infected cells under LRA treatment. Model analysis showed that, in addition to increasing the immune recognition and clearance of infected cells, the duration of HIV antigen expression (i.e., the period of vulnerability) plays an important role in determining the efficacy of LRAs, especially if effective clearance is achieved. Patients may benefit from pulsatile LRA exposures compared with continuous LRA exposures if the period of vulnerability is long and the clearance rate is high, both in the presence and absence of an LRA. Overall, the model framework serves as a useful tool to evaluate the efficacy and the rational design of LRAs and combination strategies.
Additional file 1 of Melphalan induces cardiotoxicity through oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells
Creators: name: Liu, Rui
name: Li, Dong
name: Sun, Fangxu
name: Rampoldi, Antonio
name: Maxwell, Joshua T.
name: Wu, Ronghu
name: Fischbach, Peter
name: Castellino, Sharon M.
name: Du, Yuhong
name: Fu, Haian
name: Mandawat, Anant
name: Xu, Chunhui
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Directed differentiation of hiPSCs and generation of highly enriched hiPSC-CMs. Fig. S2. Validation of CellTiter-Blue and CellTiter-Glo 3D Cell Viability Assays. Fig. S3. Melphalan treatment of hiPSC-CMs induces oxidative stress. Fig. S4. NAC attenuates melphalan-induced alteration of hiPSC-CM transcriptome profiles characterized by RNA-Seq analysis. Fig. S5. Melphalan treatment does not alter hiPSC-CM purity. Table S1. Information of major reagents. Table S2. Antibodies for immunocytochemistry. Table S3. SyBr green primers for qRT-PCR. Table S4. List of top 20 DEGs and enriched GO terms in hiPSC-CMs treated with melphalan compared with no melphalan treatment based on proteomic analysis. Table S5. List of top 20 DEGs, enriched GO terms and KEGG pathways in hiPSC-CMs treated with melphalan compared with no melphalan treatment based on RNA-Seq analysis. Table S6. List of top 20 DEGs, enriched GO terms and KEGG pathways in melphalan-treated hiPSC-CMs with NAC supplementation compared with no supplementation based on RNA-Seq analysis.
Wavevector filtering through single-layer and bilayer graphene with magnetic barrier structures
Creators: name: Masir, M. Ramezani
name: Vasilopoulos, P.
name: Peeters, F. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the angular range of the transmission through magnetic barrier structures can be efficiently controlled in single-layer and bilayer graphenes and this renders the structure's efficient wavevector filters. As the number of magnetic barriers increases, this range shrinks, the gaps in the transmission versus energy become wider, and the conductance oscillates with the Fermi energy.
description: 3 pages, 5 figures
Quantifying Photometric Redshift Errors in the Absence of Spectroscopic Redshifts
Creators: name: Quadri, Ryan F.
name: Williams, Rik J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Much of the science that is made possible by multiwavelength redshift surveys requires the use of photometric redshifts. But as these surveys become more ambitious, and as we seek to perform increasingly accurate measurements, it becomes crucial to take proper account of the photometric redshift uncertainties. Ideally the uncertainties can be directly measured using a comparison to spectroscopic redshifts, but this may yield misleading results since spectroscopic samples are frequently small and not representative of the parent photometric samples. We present a simple and powerful empirical method to constrain photometric redshift uncertainties in the absence of spectroscopic redshifts. Close pairs of galaxies on the sky have a significant probability of being physically associated, and therefore of lying at nearly the same redshift. The difference in photometric redshifts in close pairs is therefore a measure of the redshift uncertainty. Some observed close pairs will arise from chance projections along the line of sight, but it is straightforward to perform a statistical correction for this effect. We demonstrate the technique using both simulated data and actual observations, and discuss how its usefulness can be limited by the presence of systematic photometric redshift errors. Finally, we use this technique to show how photometric redshift accuracy can depend on galaxy type.
description: 9 pages in ApJ format, 8 figures. Submitted to ApJ
Nonlinear Stein theorem for differential forms
Creators: name: Sil, Swarnendu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove that if $u$ is an $\mathbb{R}^{N}$-valued $W^{1,p}_{loc}$ differential $k$-form with $δ\left( a(x) \lvert du \rvert^{p-2} du \right) \in L^{(n,1)}_{loc}$ in a domain of $\mathbb{R}^{n}$ for $N \geq 1,$ $n \geq 2,$ $0 \leq k \leq n-1, $ $1 < p < \infty, $ with uniformly positive, bounded, Dini continuous scalar function $a$, then $du$ is continuous. This generalizes the classical result by Stein in the scalar case and the work of Kuusi-Mingione for the $p$-Laplacian type systems. We also discuss Hölder, BMO and VMO regularity estimates for such systems when $p \geq 2.$
description: Some typos are fixed, presentations are changed a bit from the previous version
Younger and older groups attitudes and beliefs to suicidal behaviour
Creators: name: Philp, ML
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: Research into the complex and disturbing social problem of suicidal behaviour has been allied with the attitudinal literature since the 1970's. These investigations propose that attitudes and beliefs toward suicidal behaviour vary between different social groups and that these variations may have a relationship to the nature and occurrence of suicidal behaviour. This review highlights the rates and characteristics of suicidal behaviour in the young (16-26 years old) and the older (50 years and over) population and notes that they are at particular risk. While the attitudes of many social groups have been explored in relation to attempted and completed suicide limited research has selected these two high risk groups for direct comparison. The literature reviewed suggests that increasing knowledge concerning the attitudes and beliefs about suicidal behaviour may assist in the understanding, management and prevention of this behaviour.
Robert Wiśniewski, Raymond Van Dam, Bryan Ward-Perkins (ed.), Interacting with Saints in the Late Antique and Medieval Worlds, Turnhout (Brepols) 2023
Creators: name: Gaillard, Michèle
Publisher: name: Francia-Recensio
Year: 2023

description: Robert Wiśniewski, Raymond Van Dam, Bryan Ward-Perkins (ed.), Interacting with Saints in the Late Antique and Medieval Worlds, Turnhout (Brepols) 2023, 280 p. (Hagiologia, 20), ISBN 978-2-503-60558-6, EUR 95,00.
description: Francia-Recensio, 2023/4
Distributed query optimisation using two stage simulated annealing
Creators: name: Pongpinigpinyo, Sunee
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: It is widely accepted that query optimisation is a significant problem in centralised and distributed database systems. It has long been known that several of the heuristic algorithms proposed in the literature for centralised and distributed query optimisation problems only achieve suboptimal solutions. Although an exhaustive search gives an optimal solution, it is not practical in either centralised or distributed database systems when queries are not of a trivial size and the number of processing sites tends to be large. In the distributed query optimisation process, a query execution plan not only determines the order in which to perform the joins, but also determines the order in which to choose the join method to be used and their respective processing sites. The main aim of this work is to improve the search time of distributed database systems, such as R*, in finding the best query execution plan by using the Two Stage Simulated Annealing (TSSA) algorithm. The TSSA algorithm is a combination of an heuristic method with the well-known search technique, Simulated Annealing (SA). The proposed method will give a near optimal solution with respect to the search time and produce a reasonable query execution plan. The first stage of TSSA uses an heuristic algorithm to produce a good initial solution for the second stage and then at the second stage of TSSA, SA is applied to achieve the optimal solution. Clearly, the first stage gives us two benefits. The first benefit is to cut down drastically the search time and the second is that the solution from an heuristic algorithm normally is promising, though suboptimal. With the mechanism of uphill and downhill moves of SA, the solution will converge to the optimal solution. The proposed query optimisation approach has been evaluated by experiments using generated databases and database queries.
PR - Competitive Strategy Analysis Of NZ Pastoral Farming Systems (p122-132)
Creators: name: Shadbolt, Nicola
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Industrial Organization
subject: pastoral dairy farm systems
subject: competitive advantage
subject: Du Pont analysis

description: The purpose of this paper is to examine the financial performance of five pastoral dairy farming systems through the use of financial ratio analysis in the form of the Du Pont model and to determine any differences in the drivers of financial success between systems. The differing level and allocation of resources, or organisational structure, that each farm system adopts was the basis for a test to determine superior competitive advantage. This test was on the premise that if a farm system has a competitive advantage it would exhibit above average performance. While the on-farm competitive strategy is the same for all systems, cost leadership, the organisational design, and the resource configuration differ between farms. There are low-input farms which achieve low cost production through cost control (the numerator effect) and high-input farms which achieve it through improved outputs (the denominator effect). There has been significant debate in New Zealand as to which system is better with discussion focusing often on misleading metrics. The focus on competitive advantage and the rigour provided by the Du Pont model analysis enables a more balanced assessment of the benefits or not of intensification on New Zealand farms. The results highlight how misleading commonly used metrics can be. Despite differences in production and operating profit per hectare there is very little difference between return on assets or return on equity between the systems. Of particular interest is the consistency in operating profit margin between systems indicating no loss in operating efficiency as systems intensify. The only exception to this was the more intensive systems in 08/09 when input and output market price relativity was extremely unfavourable. Further research is required to determine if farms switch between systems as input and output market prices change and to explore those farms that are more resilient to such changes.
description: Eighteenth International Farm Management Congress, Methven, New Zealand, 2011
HIV-1 proviral landscapes distinguish posttreatment controllers from noncontrollers
Creators: name: Mitsuyasu, R.
name: Lichterfeld, M.
name: Lee, G.Q.
name: Etemad, B.
name: Wen, Y.
name: Acosta, E.P.
name: Margolis, D.M.
name: Brumme, Z.L.
name: Sharaf, R.
name: Namazi, G.
name: Hu, Z.
name: Aga, E.
name: Sun, X.
name: Gao, C.
name: Volberding, P.
name: Gandhi, R.T.
name: Connick, E.
name: Lederman, M.M.
name: Yu, X.G.
name: Skiest, D.
name: Bosch, R.J.
name: Li, J.Z.
name: Aboukhater, L.M.
name: Jacobson, J.M.
name: Kuritzkes, D.R.
Publisher: name: American Society for Clinical Investigation
Year: 2018

description: HIV posttreatment controllers (PTCs) represent a natural model of sustained HIV remission, but they are rare and little is known about their viral reservoir. We obtained 1,450 proviral sequences after near-full-length amplification for 10 PTCs and 16 posttreatment noncontrollers (NCs). Before treatment interruption, the median intact and total reservoir size in PTCs was 7-fold lower than in NCs, but the proportion of intact, defective, and total clonally expanded proviral genomes was not significantly different between the 2 groups. Quantification of total but not intact proviral genome copies predicted sustained HIV remission as 81% of NCs, but none of the PTCs had a total proviral genome greater than 4 copies per million peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The results highlight the restricted intact and defective HIV reservoir in PTCs and suggest that total proviral genome burden could act as the first biomarker for identifying PTCs. Total and defective but not intact proviral copy numbers correlated with levels of cell-associated HIV RNA, activated NK cell percentages, and both HIV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ responses. These results support the concept that defective HIV genomes can lead to viral antigen production and interact with both the innate and adaptive immune systems.
Current sheet bifurcation and collapse in electron magnetohydrodynamics
Creators: name: Zocco, A.
name: Chacon, L.
name: Simakov, Andrei N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inertial effects in nonlinear magnetic reconnection are studied within the context of 2D electron magnetohydrodynamics (EMHD) with resistive and viscous dissipation. Families of nonlinear solutions for relevant current sheet parameters are predicted and confirmed numerically in all regimes of interest. Electron inertia becomes important for current sheet thicknesses $δ$ below the inertial length $d_{e}$. In this case, in the absence of electron viscosity, the sheet thickness experiences a nonlinear collapse. Viscosity regularizes solutions at small scales. Transition from resistive to viscous regimes shows a nontrivial dependence on resistivity and viscosity, featuring a hysteresis bifurcation. In all accessible regimes, the nonlinear reconnection rate is found to be explicitly independent of the electron inertia and dissipation coefficients.
description: submitted to publication
Ten Years of Screening and Testing for Acute HIV Infection in North Carolina
Creators: name: Leone, P.A.
name: Gay, C.L.
name: Cope, A.B.
name: Eron, J.J.
name: Margolis, D.
name: Foust, E.M.
name: Brinson, M.
name: Barnhart, J.E.
name: Miller, W.C.
name: Kuruc, J.D.
name: Sampson, L.A.
name: Ashby, R.M.
Publisher: name: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
Year: 2016

description: Objective: To describe demographic and behavioral characteristics of persons with acute HIV infection (AHI) over time. Methods: We conducted a retrospective assessment of AHI identified through the Screening and Tracing Active Transmission (STAT) program from 2003 to 2012 in North Carolina (NC). AHI was identified using pooled nucleic acid amplification for antibody negative samples and individual HIV-1 RNA for antibody indeterminate samples. The STAT program provides rapid notification and evaluation. We compared STAT-collected demographic and risk characteristics with all persons requesting tests and all non-AHI diagnoses from the NC State Laboratory of Public Health. Results: The STAT Program identified 236 AHI cases representing 3.4% (95% confidence interval: 3.0% to 3.9%) of all HIV diagnoses. AHI cases were similar to those diagnosed during established HIV. On pretest risk-assessments, AHI cases were predominately black (69.1%), male (80.1%), young (46.8% < 25 years), and men who have sex with men (MSM) (51.7%). Per postdiagnosis interviews, the median age decreased from 35 (interquartile range 25-42) to 27 (interquartile range 22-37) years, and the proportion <25 years increased from 23.8% to 45.2% (trend P 0.04) between 2003 and 2012. AHI men were more likely to report MSM risk post-diagnosis than on pretest risk-assessments (64%-82.9%; P < 0.0001). Post-diagnosis report of MSM risk in men with AHI increased from 71.4% to 96.2%. Conclusions: In NC, 3.4% of individuals diagnosed with HIV infection have AHI. AHI screening provides a real-time source of incidence trends, improves the diagnostic yield of HIV testing, and offers an opportunity to limit onward transmission.
PR - An Analysis Of Cooperative Biodiesel Production By Smallholders In Kwazulu-natal, South Africa (p444-462)
Creators: name: Sparks, Garreth D.
name: Ortmann, Gerald F.
name: Lyne, Michael C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Agribusiness
subject: South African biofuels strategy
subject: rural development
subject: smallholder marketing cooperatives

description: The South African biofuels industrial strategy promotes a development-oriented strategy with feedstock produced by smallholders and processed by traditional producer-owned cooperatives. This study examines a proposal to apply this strategy to small farmers in KwaZulu-Natal, using soybeans as feedstock for biodiesel production. First, it is argued that value-adding cooperatives established under South Africaâ€™s Cooperatives Act would fail to attract the capital and expertise needed to process biodiesel owing to ill-defined voting and benefit rights. Second, a mixed integer linear programming model is used to check the viability of producing biodiesel from soybeans, viewed from the perspective of the smallholder as grower and co-owner of the processing plant. It is concluded that smallholder participation would require a rental market for cropland, co-ownership of the processing plant in an investor-share cooperative, information and training, and a high level of price support.
description: Eighteenth International Farm Management Congress, Methven, New Zealand, 2011
Cayley graphs with few automorphisms
Creators: name: Leemann, Paul-Henry
name: de la Salle, Mikael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C25, 05C20, 05C63, 20B25, 20B27

description: We show that every finitely generated group G with an element of order at least $(5rank(G))^{12}$ admits a locally finite directed Cayley graph with automorphism group equal to G. If moreover G is not generalized dihedral, then the above Cayley directed graph does not have bigons. On the other hand, if G is neither generalized dicyclic nor abelian and has an element of order at least $(2rank(G))^{36}$, then it admits an undirected Cayley graph with automorphism group equal to G. This extends classical results for finite groups and free products of groups. The above results are obtained as corollaries of a stronger form of rigidity which says that the rigidity of the graph can be observed in a ball of radius 1 around a vertex. This strong rigidity result also implies that the Cayley (di)graph covers very few (di)graphs. In particular, we obtain Cayley graphs of Tarski monsters which essentially do not cover other quasi-transitive graphs.
 We also show that a finitely generated group admits a locally finite labelled unoriented Cayley graph with automorphism group equal to itself if and only if it is neither generalized dicyclic nor abelian with an element of order greater than 2.
description: v2: 30 pages. Introduction and first section completely rewritten to improve the exposition. The bounds in Theorem 1 and Theorem 6 have been improved
PR - Evaluation Of Basic White Maize Pricing Strategies Vs Spot Market Pricing Strategies (p467-476)
Creators: name: Strydom, D.B.
name: GrovÃ©, B.
name: Henning, J.
name: Willemse, B.J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Marketing strategies
subject: futures
subject: options

description: The use of modern marketing strategies to minimize risk exposure is not a widely adopted practice amongst maize producers. The producers tend to use high risk strategies which include the selling of the crop on the cash market after harvest; whilst the high market risks require innovative strategies including the use of futures and options as traded on South African Futures Exchange (SAFEX). This is mostly due to a lack of interest and knowledge of the market. The purpose of the study is to examine whether the adoption of a basic routine strategy is better than adopting no strategy at all. The study illustrate that by using a Stochastic Efficiency with Respect to a Function (SERF) and Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) that the use of five basic strategies namely a Put (plant time)-, Twelve-segment-, Three-segment-, Put (pollination) and Sell after pollination can be more rewarding. These strategies can be adopted by farmers without an in-depth understanding of the market and market-signals. The results obtained from the study illustrate that producers who tend to be more risk neutral would prefer using the Twelve-segment- or Spot-strategy whilst a risk averse producer would prefer the Three-segment, Feb-Put or Dec-Put strategy. It also indicates that no strategy can be labelled as the all-time best and that the choice between strategies depends on the risk aversion of the producer.
description: Eighteenth International Farm Management Congress, Methven, New Zealand, 2011
PR - The Future Contribution Of Bioenergy Enterprises To Rural Business Viability In The U.K. (p39-53)
Creators: name: Tate, Graham
name: Mbzibain, Aurelian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Bioenergy
subject: entrepreneurship
subject: entrepreneurial environment

description: Bioenergy has been granted an official role in the UK to contribute significantly to sustainability targets in the coming years and yet the position with farmers and rural entrepreneurs is generally confused. Financial support, electricity tariffs, the availability of advice and the profit foregone from other enterprises have all fluctuated. The level of adoption of the new technology is not as advanced as in other EU countries. This study seeks to discover why this could be by exploring the entrepreneurial, financial and motivational environments that bioenergy adopters are working in. The following hypotheses have been developed: 1. The entrepreneurial environment for bioenergy development in the UK is sympathetic to the needs of this emerging industry; 2. Adopters of bioenergy are positively motivated towards the venture; and3. Farm based bioenergy enterprises make a positive contribution to overall farm business viability. The UK government is looking to rural entrepreneurs to play a role in this through the adoption of bioenergy technologies which can contribute towards achieving the countryâ€™s energy and climate change targets and at the same time offer potential farm enterprises that could be viable long-term contributors to farm enterprise sustainability (NFU, 2008). The rate of adoption of bioenergy on-farms has been lower than expected suggesting that government objectives might not be achieved. This study extends and applies the concepts of entrepreneurship environment and country institutional profiles (Busenitz et al., 2000; Gnyawali and Fogel, 1994; Kostova, 1997) to a specific domain of entrepreneurship in the land based bioenergy sector in the UK. The UK bioenergy industry is comprised of a number of enterprises that reflect a relatively densely populated country that has historically comprised an even split between livestock/grass based enterprises and arable based enterprises. The former attracts interest in anaerobic digestion and biogas, whilst the latter attracts interest in biofuels and the combustion of wholecrops and crop residues for heat and power. The methodology and results of this study are expected to provide a framework geared towards stimulating the uptake of bioenergy on land based enterprises as a means for their regeneration and growth. A capital decision making model for the bioenergy sector is expected comprising of both qualitative and quantitative business drivers which explain the viability of farm based enterprises. This model should provide a basis for policy formulation as well as serve as an investment decision tool for all stakeholders involved with capital investment decisions in bioenergy enterprises.
description: Eighteenth International Farm Management Congress, Methven, New Zealand, 2011
A Bayesian test for periodic signals in red noise
Creators: name: Vaughan, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many astrophysical sources, especially compact accreting sources, show strong, random brightness fluctuations with broad power spectra in addition to periodic or quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) that have narrower spectra. The random nature of the dominant source of variance greatly complicates the process of searching for possible weak periodic signals. We have addressed this problem using the tools of Bayesian statistics; in particular using Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques to approximate the posterior distribution of model parameters, and posterior predictive model checking to assess model fits and search for periodogram outliers that may represent periodic signals. The methods developed are applied to two example datasets, both long XMM-Newton observations of highly variable Seyfert 1 galaxies: RE J1034+396 and Mrk 766. In both cases a bend (or break) in the power spectrum is evident. In the case of RE J1034+396 the previously reported QPO is found but with somewhat weaker statistical significance than reported in previous analyses. The difference is due partly to the improved continuum modelling, better treatment of nuisance parameters, and partly to different data selection methods.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
PR - Developing A Framework In Order To Assist Producers In Forming An Alliance As Part Of Their Competitive Strategy In The Potato Industry (p172-180)
Creators: name: Terblanche, L.
name: Willemse, B.J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: farm units
subject: market concentration
subject: economies of scales

description: The environment in which potato producers are competing in is changing due to changes in consumer demand, market concentration and strict requirements of buyers. Producers need to be innovative and adapt their strategies in order to be competitive. The formation of alliances can be seen as a form of business model that will give producers economies of scale, decrease their transaction costs and allow producers to add value to their commodity. South Africaâ€™s agriculture is characterised by small farm units, therefore increasingly more farmers are collaborating in order to be competitive. Interviews were held with the managers of five successful alliances within the potato industry and a framework was developed that can advise managers of farm units on how to start an alliance, what are the key success factors that they should be aware of and also what the lifecycle of an alliance look like in order to determine when to expand their production. The results indicated that the key success factors were sound administration, trust and loyalty, government policy, market research and value-adding. Successful alliances will continue to reinvest in their business, providing them with new opportunities to integrate further down the supply chain. The life cycle gives an indication to these producers when to start a new process of value adding. The framework provides managers with all the critical steps to forming an alliance in order to be competitive. In conclusion, the alliances interviewed in this study indicated that as a result of collaborating, they were able to be more competitive within the industry.
description: Eighteenth International Farm Management Congress, Methven, New Zealand, 2011
Emily Joan Ward, Royal Childhood and Child Kingship. Boy Kings in England, Scotland, France and Germany, c. 1050–1262, Cambridge (Cambridge University Press) 2022
Creators: name: Lett, Didier
Publisher: name: Francia-Recensio
Year: 2023

description: Emily Joan Ward, Royal Childhood and Child Kingship. Boy Kings in England, Scotland, France and Germany, c. 1050–1262, Cambridge (Cambridge University Press) 2022, 300 p. (Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought. Fourth Series, 120), ISBN 978-1-108-83837-5, GBP 90,00.
description: Francia-Recensio, 2023/4
Recommended adult immunization schedule, United States, 2020
Creators: name: Freedman, M.
name: Talbot, H.K.
name: Matanock, A.
name: Marin, M.
name: Robinson, C.
name: Atmar, R.L.
name: Schaffner, W.
name: Koppaka, R.
name: Sperling, R.
name: Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices
name: Rittle, C.
name: Strikas, R.A.
name: Peterson, D.
name: Romero, J.R.
name: Redmon, G.
name: Hunter, P.
name: Dooling, K.
name: Kroger, A.
name: McNally, V.V.
name: Oliver, S.
name: Byrd, K.
name: Cohn, A.
name: Fryhofer, S.
name: Leger, M.-M.
name: Mbaeyi, S.
name: Harriman, K.
name: Lanzi, M.C.
name: Desai, M.
name: Hopkins, R.H., Jr.
name: Aleshire, N.
name: Woods, L.
name: Schillie, S.
name: Arvay, M.
name: Lee, G.M.
name: Frey, S.E.
name: Szilagyi, P.
name: Weinbaum, C.
name: Howell, M.
name: Schmader, K.
name: Poehling, K.A.
name: Fiebelkorn, A.P.
name: Bridges, C.
name: Patel, P.
name: Epling, J.
name: Weber, D.
name: Bahta, L.
name: Pilishvili, T.
name: Koenigs, L.P.
name: Lett, S.M.
name: Bernstein, H.
name: Sánchez, P.J.
name: Liang, J.
name: Bell, B.P.
name: Tan, L.
name: Grohskopf, L.
name: Markowitz, L.
name: MacNeil, J.
name: Havers, F.
name: Ault, K.A.
name: Patel, M.
name: Williams, W.W.
Publisher: name: American College of Physicians
Year: 2020

description: In October 2019, the Advisory Committee on Immunization
Practices (ACIP) voted to approve the Recommended
Adult Immunization Schedule for Ages 19
Years or Older, United States, 2020. The 2020 adult immunization
schedule, available at www.cdc.gov/vaccines
/schedules/hcp/imz/adult.html, summarizes ACIP recommendations
in 2 tables and accompanying notes (Figure).
The full ACIP recommendations for each vaccine are available
at www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/acip-recs/index.html.
The 2020 schedule has also been approved by the director
of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC) and by the American College of Physicians (www
.acponline.org), American Academy of Family Physicians
(www.aafp.org), American College of Obstetricians and
Gynecologists (www.acog.org), and American College of
Nurse-Midwives (www.midwife.org).