cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Opportunities for Physical Activity Behavior Change Among Emergency Medical Services Clinicians: Qualitative Investigation
Creators: name: Supples, Michael W.
name: Chandler, Allison M.
name: Fanning, Jason T.
name: Snavely, Anna C.
name: Ashburn, Nicklaus P.
name: Powell, Stephen L.
name: Winslow, James E.
name: Stopyra, Jason P.
name: Moore, Justin B.
name: Mahler, Simon A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Science Policy
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health

description: Emergency medical services (EMS) clinicians often do not achieve sufficient levels of physical activity. We investigate behavioral determinants that influence participation in physical activity among EMS clinicians. We enrolled EMS clinicians from a North Carolina third-service EMS agency in 2023. A trained qualitative investigator conducted twenty virtual, 30-minute, individual, semi-structured interviews using an interview guide developed by experts in physical activity behaviors, EMS, and qualitative research. Interviews were guided by the Theoretical Domains Framework and Capability Opportunity Motivation Behavior Change Model. Structured interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim by a professional transcription service. Transcriptions were verified against audio for accuracy and de-identified. A codebook was established using a hybrid inductive/deductive approach, and thematic analysis was performed. The 20 participants had a median age of 31 years (IQR 27–34), of which 65% (13/20) were female. Several key themes emerged that represent opportunities for behavioral intervention. First, physical activity is often viewed as a process requiring high inhibitory self-regulation and is often paired with highly restrictive behaviors, which likely leads to existing poor behavioral habits. Existing confidence in being physically active was often tied to goal setting and mastery experiences, suggesting an opportunity to leverage specific and achievable goal setting, self-monitoring, and feedback. Further, EMS clinicians often struggle with incorporating physical activity amid work and life demands in a practical, sustainable way. They also identified a lack of available time, resources, and organizational support. High-quality social networks are foundational behavior change components and were often lacking among participants. Behavioral determinants of physical inactivity included a theme of negative implicit associations around physical activity among some participants and need for achievable goal setting, self-monitoring, and building positive social support networks. Further investigation is needed to develop and test toolsets to improve physical activity behaviors among EMS clinicians.
On Some Manipulations with Fuzzy Processes
Creators: name: Luca, Lucian
name: Luca, Lucian L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The paper starts from the observation on the complexity of the manipulation of fuzzy processes that increases very rapidly with the extents of the processes representation. Therefore, a productive approach is to divide the problem into smaller parts, treated separately and then the results combined. Some algebraic results obtained by the authors are presented.
description: 10 pages, exposed on 5th International Conference "Actualities and Perspectives on Hardware and Software" - APHS2009, Timisoara, Romania
The physics of the relativistic counter-streaming instability that drives mass inflation inside black holes
Creators: name: Hamilton, Andrew J. S.
name: Avelino, Pedro P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If you fall into a real astronomical black hole (choosing a supermassive black hole, to make sure that the tidal forces don't get you first), then you will probably meet your fate not at a central singularity, but rather in the exponentially growing, relativistic counter-streaming instability at the inner horizon first pointed out by Poisson & Israel (1990), who called it mass inflation. The chief purpose of this paper is to present a clear exposition of the physical cause and consequence of inflation in spherical, charged black holes. Inflation acts like a particle accelerator in that it accelerates cold ingoing and outgoing streams through each other to prodigiously high energies. Inflation feeds on itself: the acceleration is powered by the gravity produced by the streaming energy. The paper: (1) uses physical arguments to develop simple approximations that follow the evolution of inflation from ignition, through inflation itself, to collapse; (2) confirms that the simple approximations capture accurately the results of fully nonlinear one- and two-fluid self-similar models; (3) demonstrates that, counter-intuitively, the smaller the accretion rate, the more rapidly inflation exponentiates; (4) shows that in single perfect-fluid models, inflation occurs only if the sound speed equals the speed of light, supporting the physical idea that inflation in single fluids is driven by relativistic counter-streaming of waves; (5) shows that what happens during inflation up to the Planck curvature depends not on the distant past or future, but rather on events happening only a few hundred black hole crossing times into the past or future; (6) shows that, if quantum gravity does not intervene, then the generic end result of inflation is not a general relativistic null singularity, but rather a spacelike singularity at zero radius.
description: 11 eps figures. 2nd version has minor revisions. 3rd version is reformatted, has expanded abstract, and some additional minor revisions. 4th version as accepted for publication in Physics Reports
Extrinsic curvatures of distributions of arbitrary codimension
Creators: name: Andrzejewski, Krzysztof
name: Walczak, Pawel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C12, 53C15

description: In this article, using the generalized Newton transformation, we define higher order mean curvatures of distributions of arbitrary codimension and we show that they agree with the ones from Brito and Naveira (Ann. Global Anal. Geom. 18, 371-383 (2000)). We also introduce higher order mean curvature vector fields and we compute their divergence for certain distributions and using this we obtain total extrinsic mean curvatures.
Examining the Impacts of Migration on the Mental Health of EMS Clinicians in a Southwestern U.S. State
Creators: name: Blackburn, Christine Crudo
name: Pernat, Claire A.
name: Rico, Mayra
name: Knight, Lauren
name: Sebesta, Brandy
name: Niekamp, Kirk
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Ecology
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health

description: To examine the impact of migration across the United States southern land border on the mental health of emergency medical services (EMS) clinicians in the border region. We conducted 67 in-depth interviews with fire-based EMS clinicians in three communities. Interviews took place from June 23 to 27, 2024. We conducted thematic analysis using inductive, latent coding in NVivo 14© software. Primary themes identified were that EMS clinicians were emotionally impacted by helping migrants, that calls to provide care to migrants often led EMS clinicians to feel overwhelmed, and that EMS clinicians have developed support systems and coping mechanisms for the mental health impacts of their job. Given the complex environment of the border region and the uniqueness of migrant-related emergency calls, EMS clinicians in the border region need greater mental health support.
Starting up and starting over - How networking can enable refugee entrepreneurs to regain livelihoods in East Africa
Creators: name: Katsiaficas, Caitlin
name: Wilson, Catherina
name: Tufa, Fekadu Adugna
name: Ruhundwa, Janemary
name: Rudolf, Markus
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: East Africa
Ethiopia
Tanzania
refugee
social networks
economic integration
refugee-host relations
entrepreneurship
ICT
protracted displacement
sustainable livelihoods

description: Establishing a secure livelihood is a key element that enables refugees to rebuild their lives and overcome protracted displacement situations. Not only can a steady source of income help refugees afford housing, food and other basic necessities, it can also facilitate their integration by connecting them with others in the community. While some seek jobs in existing organisations or businesses in the formal or informal economy, others create their own enterprises from scratch. This policy brief shares TRAFIG findings from two key refugee-hosting countries in Africa, Ethiopia and Tanzania, and illustrates how refugees are using connectivity to create livelihood opportunities, with a focus on those engaging in entrepreneurial activities. It also puts forth ideas for those seeking to scale up access to entrepreneurship for displaced persons.
description: TRAFIG Policy Brief No. 4
WEBINAR: Global data resources for human genomics and health
Creators: name: Freeberg, Mallory
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Genomics

description: This record includes training materials associated with the Australian BioCommons webinar ‘Global data resources for human genomics and health’. This webinar took place on 20 September 2024.

Event description

Dr Mallory Freeberg takes us on a whirlwind tour of the human genomics data resources available at EMBL's European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI). Used by scientists across the world, these resources enable the discovery and exploration of genes, variants and their impact on human health and disease.

Resources that will be covered in this webinar include:

Ensembl: a genome browser that supports research in comparative genomics, evolution, sequence variation and transcriptional regulation 

DECIPHER: an interactive web-based database and suite of tools that aid the clinical interpretation of genomic variants

Federated EGA: a global resource for discovery and access of sensitive human omics and associated data consented for secondary use

Perturbation Catalogue: a new project from Open Targets that is building a catalogue of harmonised and curated human gene, variant, and expression data

EMBL-EBI’s comprehensive range of freely available and up-to-date molecular data resources are used by scientists globally. The teams running these resources collaborate closely with international experts and are key partners in human genomic data sharing communities including the Global Alliance for Genomics and Health. 

Speaker: Dr Mallory Freeberg, Human Genomics Team Leader, EMBL European Bioinformatics Institute

Host: Dr Melissa Burke, Australian BioCommons

Training materials

Materials are shared under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International agreement unless otherwise specified and were current at the time of the event.

 

Files and materials included in this record:

Event metadata (PDF): Information about the event including, description, event URL, learning objectives, prerequisites, technical requirements etc.

Index of training materials (PDF): List and description of all materials associated with this event including the name, format, location and a brief description of each file.

20240920_Australian-Biocommons-Webinar_MFreeberg: A PDF copy of the slides presented during the webinar.

Materials shared elsewhere:

A recording of this webinar is available on the Australian BioCommons YouTube Channel: https://youtu.be/5FAj1KffYnY
The Spector Job Satisfaction Survey: Associations of Satisfaction with Leaving EMS
Creators: name: Gage, Christopher B.
name: Logan, Lakeshia
name: Kamholz, Jacob C.
name: Powell, Jonathan R.
name: van den Bergh, Shea L.
name: Kenah, Eben
name: Panchal, Ashish R.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy

description: Detailed job satisfaction evaluations are often used to build strategies for employee retention. Despite recognizing that emergency medical services (EMS) dissatisfaction drives turnover, validated tools rigorously evaluating satisfaction have not been employed. We aim to assess the association between EMS clinician satisfaction and their likelihood of leaving the profession using the validated Spector Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS). We conducted a cross-sectional survey of nationally certified EMS clinicians in the United States recertifying between October 2022 and April 2023. Our primary outcome was the self-reported likelihood of leaving EMS within 12 months (likely or not likely to leave). The primary exposure was job satisfaction, assessed using the 36-item JSS, scored from 36 to 216, and analyzed in two models: total satisfaction (dissatisfied [scores 36–108], ambivalent [108–144], satisfied [144–216]), and satisfaction subscales (e.g., pay, promotion, supervision). We applied Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression to identify key predictors of intent to leave EMS, adjusting for demographic and agency characteristics. Post-LASSO Bayesian logistic regression estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% credible intervals (CrI). Among 33,414 EMS clinicians (response rate: 26.3%), the median age was 36 years (IQR: 29,46), 74.2% were male, and 83.0% were White, non-Hispanic. Most respondents worked full-time (77.6%), primarily as EMTs (48.5%), in urban settings (89.9%). Mean satisfaction scores were higher among those not likely to leave EMS (146.7 [standard deviation: 29.0]) than those likely to leave (121.2 [28.4]). Odds of leaving decreased for more satisfied clinicians: ambivalent clinicians [0.35 (0.32–0.38)]; satisfied clinicians [0.11 (0.10–0.13)]; referent dissatisfied. Additionally, specific satisfaction subscales were associated with lower odds of leaving for those satisfied compared to those dissatisfied, including nature of work [0.32 (0.28–0.37)], pay [0.46 (0.40–0.52)], promotion opportunities [0.53 (0.47–0.61)], supervision [0.65 (0.57–0.73)] and contingent rewards [0.77 (0.67–0.88)]. The EMS clinicians with higher satisfaction with their nature of work, pay, and promotion opportunities were less likely to report intent to leave. These findings highlight key factors that may inform workforce retention efforts.
An analysis of the fed beef industry in the Fraser Valley region of British Columbia
Creators: name: Osborn, Edward Tryon
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The study was undertaken to describe, analyze, and evaluate the Fraser Valley Fed Beef Industry in relation to the market requirements in the Lower Mainland and Vancouver Island regions of British Columbia. The information necessary to describe, analyze, and evaluate the industry was acquired by a review of the secondary data sources of the Provincial and Federal government agencies, to acquire industry statistics; a survey by personal interview with the majority of the fed beef producers, to acquire information on management techniques; and a financial analysis of a random sample of the feedlot operations, to provide the parameters on which to evaluate the profitability of investment in the industry. The study indicates that the fed beef market in the above regions has increased some 400 percent since 1951. The British Columbia fed beef industry has increased in size in the above period. However, it still only provides approximately 20 percent of the market requirements; with the Fraser Valley industry providing 82 percent of the British Columbia fed beef production. The balance of the market requirements are met by the importation of fed beef slaughter cattle and carcasses mainly from Alberta and to a lesser extent Saskatchewan. The analysis of the input factor markets indicates that the important resources necessary to produce fed beef are available from within the province although the present practices of the ranch industry in marketing the majority of the feeder cattle and calves in a few months of the year increases the difficulty of realizing optimum use of the feedlot facilities. There exists a significant variability in the sizes and types of operations in the Fraser Valley. The majority of the operations are farm feedlots utilizing by-products and pasture supplemented by the purchase of feeder cattle and feed grains from the interior regions of the Province. The manure produced in the feedlot is an important ingredient for use in the cash crop production on many of the farms located on the heavier soil zones. A few larger commercial feedlots exist within the region although the largest operation has a unit capacity of 2500 head of yearling cattle. The majority of the feedlots use barley as the main energy source although there exists a wide diversity in feedstuff ingredients utilized in the feed ration. A discounted benefit-cost ratio analysis of various types and sizes of feedlots would indicate that capital investment in the industry is undesirable investment opportunity at a after tax discount rate of 10 percent. However, the presence of special circumstances, ensures the continuing presence of the industry on the same scale and a moderate increase in the industry in the future under present institutional and economic policies.
Phonon dispersion and anomalies in one-layer high-temperature superconductors
Creators: name: Bauer, Thomas
name: Falter, Claus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Phonon dynamics, charge response and the phonon density of states are calculated for the high-temperature superconductors HgBa$_{2}$CuO$_{4}$ and Bi$_{2}$Sr$_{2}$CuO$_{6}$ within a microscopic model for the electronic density response. The results are compared with previous calculations for La$_{2}$CuO$_{4}$ and Nd$_{2}$CuO$_{4}$. Our main focus is on the phononanomalies which are connected with the high-frequency oxygen bond-stretching modes (OBSM) found before in our calculations for $p$-doped La$_{2}$CuO$_{4}$ and $n$-doped Nd$_{2}$CuO$_{4}$. We investigate the question if the characteristic softening of the OBSM and the related strong coupling to the electrons is also present in HgBa$_{2}$CuO$_{4}$ and Bi$_{2}$Sr$_{2}$CuO$_{6}$. In particular the importance of the contribution of the more delocalized Cu$4s$ state besides the localized Cu3d state on the softening is investigated and the different anticrossing behaviour due to the presence of several phonon modes with the same symmetry as the OBSM is studied making the identification of the anomalies quite complicate. Furthermore, the influence of electronic polarization processes at ions out of the CuO plane in the ionic layers on the phonon dynamics is calculated. In this context the qualitative type of charge response, i.e. the presence or not of possible metallic charge fluctuations at the Hg or Bi ion, respectively, linked via the apex oxygen to the CuO plane, proves to be very sensitive for certain phonon modes. All the calculations are compared to the experimental results available so far. The latter, however, are rather incomplete for the Hg and the Bi compound.
description: 21 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables
Climate change mitigation through strategic planning in local government : a technology approach
Creators: name: Heyward, OJ
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: By strategically assessing the technology options that are available for the purpose of mitigating climate change, it is hypothesised that solutions may be found that not only provide good net emission reductions, but also reasonable economic returns. There are two primary objectives of the study. The first objective aims to assess the validity of the hypothesis that climate change mitigation can effectively be approached on the local or municipal level. The second aims to assess the technology options for climate change mitigation, with the intention of developing mitigation strategy for Brighton Council, exploring in detail a single cost-effective engineering solution that could result in signicant greenhouse gas emission reductions. The adopted methodology is designed to follow a logical progression. First, a base line data set is established; second, an assessment of the options is undertaken in relation to that data set; third, the most cost effective option is identied and considered in more detail. Using the Brighton municipality as a case study, a comprehensive inventory of greenhouse gas emissions is established for both the community and the council as a corporate entity. The inventory outputs are considered against the range of technology options and a triple bottom line assessment is made in order to identify opportunities for the council and its community. The main contribution of the thesis is the identication of green waste gasification as the most justified technology approach to climate change mitigation, for Brighton Council. Modeling of a system is undertaken to confirm the result. A preliminary look at the business case for such an initiative is provided. The modelled system is a circulating, fluidized bed arrangement that gasifies the chipped green waste for the production of electricity. It is noted that biochar can be produced through a similar process and therefore longer term strategy should be incorporated into the initiative to help the establishment of a new biochar market, thus leading to additional net emission reduction and revenue. Not only could this result provide real savings in emissions, as well as revenue for the council and its community, it would demonstrate to the wider community that through strategic consideration of the options, economic opportunity can be found in climate change mitigation. The results of the study demonstrate that climate change mitigation can effectively be approached on the local level. Additional questions are raised as to applicability of the study results for other councils and the wider community.
Memory and rejuvenation in a spin glass
Creators: name: Mathieu, R.
name: Hudl, M.
name: Nordblad, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The temperature dependence of the magnetisation of a Cu(Mn) spin glass ($T_g$ $\approx$ 57 K) has been investigated using weak probing magnetic fields ($H$ = 0.5 or 0 Oe) and specific thermal protocols. The behaviour of the zero-field cooled, thermoremanent and isothermal remanent magnetisation on (re-)cooling the system from a temperature (40 K) where the system has been aged is investigated. It is observed that the measured magnetisation is formed by two parts: (i) a temperature- and observation time-dependent thermally activated relaxational part governed by the age- and temperature-dependent response function and the (latest) field change made at a lower temperature, superposed on (ii) a weakly temperature-dependent frozen-in part. Interestingly we observe that the spin configuration that is imprinted during an elongated halt in the cooling, if it is accompanied by a field induced magnetisation, also includes a unidirectional excess magnetisation that is recovered on returning to the ageing temperature.
description: EPL style; 7 pages, 5 figures
Examining the impacts of migration on the mental health of EMS clinicians in a southwestern U.S. state
Creators: name: Blackburn, Christine Crudo
name: Pernat, Claire A.
name: Rico, Mayra
name: Knight, Lauren
name: Sebesta, Brandy
name: Niekamp, Kirk
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Ecology
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health

description: To examine the impact of migration across the United States southern land border on the mental health of emergency medical services (EMS) clinicians in the border region. We conducted 67 in-depth interviews with fire-based EMS clinicians in three communities. Interviews took place from June 23-27, 2024. We conducted thematic analysis using inductive, latent coding in NVivo 14© software. Primary themes identified were that EMS clinicians were emotionally impacted by helping migrants, that calls to provide care to migrants often led EMS clinicians to feel overwhelmed, and that EMS clinicians have developed support systems and coping mechanisms for the mental health impacts of their job. Given the complex environment of the border region and the uniqueness of migrant-related emergency calls, EMS clinicians in the border region need greater mental health support.
Azimuthal asymmetries of the large-scale circulation in turbulent Rayleigh-Benard convection
Creators: name: Brown, Eric
name: Ahlers, Guenter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Previously we published a dynamical model (E. Brown and G. Ahlers, Phys. Fluids, 20, 075101 (2008)) for the large-scale-circulation (LSC) dynamics of Rayleigh-Benard convection in cylindrical containers. The model consists of a pair of stochastic ordinary differential equations, motivated by the Navier-Stokes equations, one each for the strength delta and the orientation theta_0 of the LSC. Here we extend it to cases where the rotational invariance of the system is broken by one of several physically relevant perturbations. As an example we present experimental measurements of the LSC dynamics for a container tilted relative to gravity. In that case the model predicts that the buoyancy of the thermal boundary layers encourages fluid to travel along the steepest slope, that it locks the LSC in this direction, and that it strengthens the flow, as seen in experiments. The increase in LSC strength is shown to be responsible for the observed suppression of cessations and azimuthal fluctuations. We predict and observe that for large enough tilt angles, the restoring force that aligns the flow with the slope is strong enough to cause oscillations of the LSC around this orientation. This planar oscillation mode is different from coherent torsional oscillations that have been observed previously. The model was applied also to containers with elliptical cross-sections and predicts that the pressure due to the side walls forces the flow into a preferred orientation in the direction of the longest diameter. When the ellipticity is large enough, then oscillations around this orientation are predicted.
description: 16 pages, 12 figures
Quantum decay of dark solitons in one dimensional Bose systems
Creators: name: Gangardt, D. M.
name: Kamenev, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Unless protected by the exact integrability, solitons are subject to dissipative forces, originating from a thermally fluctuating background. At low enough temperatures $T$ background fluctuations should be considered as being quantized which enables us to calculate finite lifetime of the solitons $τ\sim T^{-4}$. We also find that the coherent nature of the quantum fluctuations leads to long-range interactions between the solitons mediated by the superradiation. Our results are of relevance to current experiments with ultracold atoms, while the approach may be extended to solitons in other media.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure. Accepted for publication in PRL.
title: 2024 Fall Harnessing the Power of AI: ChatGPT Assignment
Creators: name: Sevryugina, Yulia
Publisher: name: University of Michigan
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Information and Library Science
subject: Social Sciences

description: These slides represent library instructions on the topic of GenAI and more specifically, ChatGPT. These instructions were provided by Chemistry Librarian in the upper level undergraduate/graduate class in Biochemistry in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, in Fall 2024. Instructions included: information about LLMs (generally, how they work), GenAI (different types), and prompt engineering (recommendations, resources). A special emphasis was made on validating facts and citations and ethical concerns related to GenAI.
Fostering the Acceptance of Congestion Charges: Experimental Evidence for Europe
Creators: name: Frondel, Manuel
name: Helmers, Viola
name: Sommer, Stephan
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: acceptance
subject: congestion charge
subject: public support
subject: road pricing
subject: 310

description: Although there is ample empirical evidence that congestion charges can effectively reduce traffic congestion and its detrimental effects, this instrument has only been implemented in a handful European cities. On the basis of a randomized information experiment that was embedded in a survey across seven European countries, this paper empirically investigates whether information on their (i) effectiveness and (ii) a-posteriori acceptance may increase the public support for congestion charges. Relative to the control group, the results indicate that, on average, this information can raise acceptance by 9.3% and 7.1%, respectively. Moreover, while there is substantial heterogeneity in the acceptance across countries, attributing a concrete price level to the charge uniformly raises acceptance at low charge levels, but lowers it at high levels. Based on these results, we conclude that information campaigns on congestion charges and their benefits for commuters and city-dwellers are essential for fostering public support for this rarely employed transport policy instrument.
description: TRR 391 Working Paper; 2
Implementation of Cavity Squeezing of a Collective Atomic Spin
Creators: name: Leroux, Ian D.
name: Schleier-Smith, Monika H.
name: Vuletić, Vladan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We squeeze unconditionally the collective spin of a dilute ensemble of laser-cooled rubidium-87 atoms using their interaction with a driven optical resonator. The shape and size of the resulting spin uncertainty region are well described by a simple analytical model [M.H.S., I.D.L., V.V., arXiv:0911.3936] through two orders of magnitude in the effective interaction strength, without free parameters. We deterministically generate states with up to 5.6(6) dB of metrologically relevant spin squeezing on the canonical rubidium-87 hyperfine clock transition.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures. To be published in Phys. Rev. Lett. Some additional details and clarified wording in response to referee comments. Figures and results unchanged
Additional file 1 of Prognostic implication of stress hyperglycemia in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
Creators: name: Wang, Man
name: Su, Wen
name: Cao, Ning
name: Chen, Hui
name: Li, Hongwei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Medicine
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Additional figures.
Sky Variability in the y Band at the LSST Site
Creators: name: High, F. William
name: Stubbs, Christopher W.
name: Stalder, Brian
name: Gilmore, David Kirk
name: Tonry, John L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have measured spatial and temporal variability in the y band sky brightness over the course of four nights above Cerro Tololo near Cerro Pachon, Chile, the planned site for the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST). Our wide-angle camera lens provided a 41 deg field of view and a 145 arcsec pixel scale. We minimized potential system throughput differences by deploying a deep depletion CCD and a filter that matches the proposed LSST y_3 band (970 nm-1030 nm). Images of the sky exhibited coherent wave structure, attributable to atmospheric gravity waves at 90 km altitude, creating 3%-4% rms spatial sky flux variability on scales of about 2 degrees and larger. Over the course of a full night the y_3 band additionally showed highly coherent temporal variability of up to a factor of 2 in flux. We estimate the mean absolute sky level to be approximately y_3 = 17.8 mag (Vega), or y_3 = 18.3 mag (AB). While our observations were made through a y_3 filter, the relative sky brightness variability should hold for all proposed y bands, whereas the absolute levels should more strongly depend on spectral response. The spatial variability presents a challenge to wide-field cameras that require illumination correction strategies that make use of stacked sky flats. The temporal variability may warrant an adaptive y band imaging strategy for LSST, to take advantage of times when the sky is darkest.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, accepted to PASP. Minor changes from referee report and editor's revisions.
Future Changes in Euro-Mediterranean Daytime Severe Thunderstorm Environments Based on an RCP8.5 Med-CORDEX Simulation
Creators: name: Kahraman, Abdullah
name: Ural, Deniz
name: Önol, Barış
Publisher: name: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI AG
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Climate change
subject: Convective storms
subject: Hail
subject: Med-CORDEX
subject: Severe weather
subject: Thunderstorms
subject: Tornadoes
subject: 550

description: Convective scale processes and, therefore, thunderstorm-related hazards cannot be simulated using regional climate models with horizontal grid spacing in the order of 10 km. However, larger-scale environmental conditions of these local high-impact phenomena can be diagnosed to assess their frequency in current and future climates. In this study, we present a daytime climatology of severe thunderstorm environments and its evolution for a wide Euro-Mediterranean domain through the 21st century, using regional climate model simulations forced by Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 scenario. Currently, severe convective weather is more frequently favored around Central Europe and the Mediterranean Sea. Our results suggest that with a steady progress until the end of the century, Mediterranean coasts are projected to experience a significantly higher frequency of severe thunderstorm environments, while a slight decrease over parts of continental Europe is evaluated. The increase across the Mediterranean is mostly owed to the warming sea surface, which strengthens thermodynamic conditions in the wintertime, while local factors arguably keep the shear frequency relatively higher than the entire region. On the other hand, future northward extension of the subtropical belt over Europe in the warm season reduces the number of days with severe thunderstorm environments. © 2020 by the authors.
An analysis of the cost of capital hypotheses
Creators: name: Spence, John David
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The cost of capital has received much theoretical and empirical study in recent years. Two contradictory views have emerged concerning the effect of capital structure on the cost of capital. Writers such as Modigliani and Miller maintain that the cost of capital is independent of the relative proportion of liabilities to owners' equity and depends only on the risk associated with the type of business the firm is in. The opposite view is taken by those writers who support what is known as the traditional view. These writers maintain that judicious use of debt can reduce the firm's cost of capital. The purpose of this paper is to determine which approach appears to be the more accurate in a real world situation. We first investigate the many difficulties associated with the empirical tests which have been applied to evaluate the two conflicting hypotheses. The problems associated with these tests lead us to reject them as a means of resolving the cost of capital controversy. Instead, we choose a theoretical approach. Based on suggestions made by Modigliani and Miller and by the traditional writers, we postulate the way in which debt and equity capitalization rates are expected to respond to increases in the amount of debt in the capital structure. The Modigliani and Miller hypothesis and the traditional hypothesis are studied in detail and computer models for each hypothesis are then developed. The hypothetically determined capitalization rates are used as independent variables in the models to develop relationships between the dependent variables and the debt-equity ratio. The response of the dependent variables to changes in leverage is studied to see if it represents rational investor behavior. Real world factors are introduced into the analysis. Effects of corporate income tax on both the Modigliani and Miller hypothesis and the traditional hypothesis are investigated. In addition, we study the way in which legal restrictions and limited personal liability may restrict the Modigliani and Miller arbitrage process. The three computer models used in the analysis are described in detail in the appendices. These models have been developed so as to be as flexible as possible. All parameters are specified by the user, so the models may be adapted to a variety of situations. Program listings and the output used in our analysis are also included.
Game-based learning und serious Gaming für eine starke Demokratie - Chancen und Grenzen
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: UB HSU
Year: 2024
Subjects: dtec.bw

description: Gefördert durch dtec.bw, Zentrum für Digitalisierungs- und Technologieforschung der Bundeswehr. In Kooperation mit dem Bildungszentrum der Bundeswehr und dem Streitkräfteamt der Bundeswehr.
description: Game-based Learning, Serious Gaming und Wargaming, insbesondere also Spiele und Simulationen mit ernsthaftem Hintergrund, aber auch Gamification, was die Anwendung spieltypischer Elemente in spielfremden Kontexten bedeuten kann, haben in den letzten Jahren große Entwicklungsschritte durchlaufen und bieten weitreichende Chancen und Möglichkeiten, die Aus-, Fort- und Weiterbildung von Einsatzkräften einer grundlegenden Erneuerung und Ertüchtigung zu unterziehen. Künstliche Intelligenz (KI), Operations Research, Augmented bis Virtual Reality und auch das analoge Spiel können im Kontext von Serious Gaming, Wargaming und Gamification, also im Kontext eines Spiel-basierten Lernens, neue Wege für die kompetenzorientierte Ausbildung ebnen. Eine Vielzahl verschiedener Spielelemente und -systeme befindet sich schon in der Anwendung, sowohl im Militär, beispielweise in der nautischen und fliegerischen Ausbildung durch Virtual- und Augmented-Reality-Simulationen. Aber auch im zivilen Bereich, wie in den ver-schiedensten Planspielen an Schulen und Universitäten, u.a. im politischen Planspiel 'Model United Nations' (MUN), oder in Unternehmen kommen Game-based-Learning-Szenare zu Bildungszwecken oder zur Personalauswahl zum Einsatz. In Form von Entscheidungssimulationen kann Game-based Learning in Verbindung mit den Möglichkeiten der Digitalisierung nicht nur schnelle Zeitabläufe in der (Aus)Bildung ermöglichen, sondern vor allem auch die für Entscheidungshandlungen benötigte Antizipation realitätsnah trainieren. Das 200. Jubiläum des 'Preußischen Kriegsspiels' als militärisches Planspiel (ursprünglich als Simulation auf dem Kartentisch entwickelt von Bernhard von Reiswitz) eröffnet dabei auch eine retrospektive Möglichkeit zur Analyse der Anwendung von Spielelementen in komplexen Entscheidungsszenaren. Themen des Kongresses: Entwicklungsstand von Theorie und Definitionen ; Technik und Best Practice ; Didaktisch-methodische Konzepte und Erfahrungswerte zur Einbindung von Game-based Learning, Serious Gaming, Wargaming, Gamification, KI und Virtual und Augmented Reality in die Kompetenzorientierte Ausbildung (KOA).
Additional file 6 of Receptor tyrosine kinase C-kit promotes a destructive phenotype of FLS in osteoarthritis via intracellular EMT signaling
Creators: name: Cao, Xu
name: Wu, Song
name: Wang, Xinxing
name: Huang, Junjie
name: Zhang, Wenxiu
name: Liang, Chi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Figure legendsSupplementary Figure S1. (A) Safranin O/fast green staining of cartilage (up), MRI images (bottom) and OARSI semi-quantitative scores of 3 weeks after operation (right). Supplementary Table legendsSupplementary Table S1. Basic information (gender, age, source, public date and clinical status) and data sources of 70 OA patients Supplementary Table S2. 107 EMT-related receptors. Supplementary Table S3. Basic information (gender, age, K/L grade) of 10 non-OA and 10 OA patient. K/L grade: Kellgren & Lawrence grade. Supplementary Table S4. The human and rat primer sequence for qPCR and knocking down.
The use of projective techniques in consumer attitude research
Creators: name: Khoo, Suat Choo
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The purpose of this thesis is to examine some projective techniques that can be used to study consumer attitudes. The measurement of attitudes is an interesting but perplexing one, mainly because of their abstract nature. Many instruments have been used, notably the direct method of questioning and the scaling techniques. These are based upon two important assumptions: (1) that the individual is aware of his attitudes and can verbalize them and (2) that the individual is willing to reveal these attitudes to an interviewer who is a total stranger. Researchers have recognized the weaknesses of these assumptions and have turned to more indirect approaches. The usefulness of projective methodology in consumer interviewing is undeniable. Their more subtle, indirect, unstructured and flexible approach overcomes some of the weaknesses found in the more direct methods. But these techniques have some limitations which have been severely criticized. The validity and scientific value of these tools are subjected to great controversy. Yet, it is not enough to list their shortcomings. It is necessary to spell out what they are invalid for and why. More research has to be done especially in comparing the responses derived from these methods which those obtained from other tools, on the same subject of inquiry and under similar circumstances. The author has relied solely on secondary data in the study. Any empirical testing of these techniques calls for a considerable amount of experience and skill in psychology and consumer behavior.
Modulation of van der Waals and classical epitaxy induced by strain at the Si step edges in GeSbTe alloys
Creators: name: Zallo, Eugenio
name: Cecchi, Stefano
name: Boschker, Jos E.
name: Mio, Antonio M.
name: Arciprete, Fabrizio
name: Privitera, Stefania
name: Calarco, Raffaella
Publisher: name: London : Nature Publishing
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: engineering
subject: thin filmes
subject: 2D materials
subject: 620

description: The present work displays a route to design strain gradients at the interface between substrate and van der Waals bonded materials. The latter are expected to grow decoupled from the substrates and fully relaxed and thus, by definition, incompatible with conventional strain engineering. By the usage of passivated vicinal surfaces we are able to insert strain at step edges of layered chalcogenides, as demonstrated by the tilt of the epilayer in the growth direction with respect of the substrate orientation. The interplay between classical and van der Waals epitaxy can be modulated with an accurate choice of the substrate miscut. High quality crystalline GexSb2Te3+x with almost Ge1Sb2Te4 composition and improved degree of ordering of the vacancy layers is thus obtained by epitaxial growth of layers on 3–4° stepped Si substrates. These results highlight that it is possible to build and control strain in van der Waals systems, therefore opening up new prospects for the functionalization of epilayers by directly employing vicinal substrates.
Evolution of cooperation on scale-free networks subject to error and attack
Creators: name: Perc, Matjaz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We study the evolution of cooperation in the prisoner's dilemma and the snowdrift game on scale-free networks that are subjected to intentional and random removal of vertices. We show that, irrespective of the game type, cooperation on scale-free networks is extremely robust against random deletion of vertices, but declines fast if vertices with the maximal degree are targeted. In particular, attack tolerance is lowest if the temptation to defect is largest, whereby a small fraction of removed vertices suffices to decimate cooperators. The decline of cooperation can be directly linked to the decrease of heterogeneity of scale-free networks that sets in due to the removal of high degree vertices. We conclude that the evolution of cooperation is characterized by similar attack and error tolerance as was previously reported for information readiness and spread of viruses on scale-free networks.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures; accepted for publication in New Journal of Physics
Scattering Mechanism in Modulation-Doped Shallow Two-Dimensional Electron Gases
Creators: name: Laroche, D.
name: Sarma, S. Das
name: Gervais, G.
name: Lilly, M. P.
name: Reno, J. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a systematic investigation of the dominant scattering mechanism in shallow two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) formed in modulation-doped GaAs/Al_{x}Ga_{1-x}As heterostructures. The power-law exponent of the electron mobility versus density, mu \propto n^{alpha}, is extracted as a function of the 2DEG's depth. When shallower than 130 nm from the surface, the power-law exponent of the 2DEG, as well as the mobility, drops from alpha \simeq 1.65 (130 nm deep) to alpha \simeq 1.3 (60 nm deep). Our results for shallow 2DEGs are consistent with theoretical expectations for scattering by remote dopants, in contrast to the mobility-limiting background charged impurities of deeper heterostructures.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, modified version as accepted in APL