cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Optimized analysis method for indirect dark matter searches with Imaging Air Cherenkov Telescopes
Creators: name: Aleksic, Jelena
name: Rico, Javier
name: Martinez, Manel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a dedicated analysis approach for indirect Dark Matter searches with Imaging Air Cherenkov Telescopes. By using the full likelihood analysis, we take complete advantage of the distinct features expected in the gamma ray spectrum of Dark Matter origin, achieving better sensitivity with respect to the standard analysis chains. We describe the method and characterize its general performance. We also compare its sensitivity with that of the current standards for several Dark Matter annihilation models, obtaining gains of up to factors of order of 10. We compute the improved limits that can be reached using this new approach, taking as an example existing estimates for several benchmark models as well as the recent results from VERITAS on observations of the dwarf spheroidal galaxy Segue 1. Furthermore, we estimate the sensitivity of Cherenkov Telescopes for monochromatic line signals. Predictions are made on improvement that can be achieved for MAGIC and CTA. Lastly, we discuss how this method can be applied in a global, sensitivity-optimized indirect Dark Matter search that combines the results of all Cherenkov observatories of the present generation.
description: 21 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in JCAP
Die latènezeitliche Siedlung Zarten (Tarodunum) und die Besiedlung des Zartener Beckens
Creators: name: Wagner, Heiko
Publisher: name: Germania : Anzeiger der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts
Year: 2019

description: -
description: Germania : Anzeiger der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Bd. 79 Nr. 1 (2001)
Exponential Ergodicity of stochastic Burgers equations driven by $α$-stable processes
Creators: name: Dong, Zhao
name: Xu, Lihu
name: Zhang, Xicheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60H15

description: In this work, we prove the strong Feller property and the exponential ergodicity of stochastic Burgers equations driven by $α/2$-subordinated cylindrical Brownian motions with $α\in(1,2)$. To prove the results, we truncate the nonlinearity and use the derivative formula for SDEs driven by $α$-stable noises established in Zhang (arXiv:1204.2630v2).
description: 17pp
Titelei
Creators: name: Redaktion, Die
Publisher: name: Germania : Anzeiger der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts
Year: 2019

description: -
description: Germania : Anzeiger der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Bd. 70 Nr. 2 (2001)
Metal nanoparticles with sharp corners: Universal properties of plasmon resonances
Creators: name: Sturman, B.
name: Podivilov, E.
name: Gorkunov, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We predict the simultaneous occurrence of two fundamental phenomena for metal nanoparticles possessing sharp corners: First, the main plasmonic dipolar mode experiences strong red shift with decreasing corner curvature radius; its resonant frequency is controlled by the apex angle of the corner and the normalized (to the particle size) corner curvature. Second, the split-off plasmonic mode experiences strong localization at the corners. Altogether, this paves the way for tailoring of metal nano-structures providing wavelength-selective excitation of localized plasmons and a strong near-field enhancement of linear and nonlinear optical phenomena.
Inhalt
Creators: name: Redaktion, Die
Publisher: name: Germania : Anzeiger der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts
Year: 2019

description: -
description: Germania : Anzeiger der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Bd. 70 Nr. 2 (2001)
Index to Minutes of Meetings of the Executive Committee & the Board of Trustees, 1911-1946, "Mod"
Creators: name: Carnegie Corporation Of New York
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Corporate meetings
Charitable uses, trusts, and foundations

description: The following microfilm is a copy of 5 x 8 Kardex cards hitherto used in the Cumulative Index to the Minutes of the Executive Committee and of the Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Corporation of New York, from the first meeting of the Trustees (November 10, 1911) through the 22nd meeting of the Executive Committee (September 17, 1946). The Cumulative Index was initiated during the early days of the Corporation when the offices of the President, the Secretary, and the Treasurer were separately organized, each with its own system of records. It was maintained by Durand R. Miller, first as secretary to the Secretary of the Corporation, James Bertram, and later as Record Clerk of the Corporation. The entries in the Cumulative Index are duplications of those recorded in the index of each bound volume of Minutes.
Beam energy and centrality dependence of the statistical moments of the net-charge and net-kaon multiplicity distributions in Au+Au collisions at STAR
Creators: name: McDonald, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In part to search for a possible critical point (CP) in the phase diagram of hot nuclear matter, a Beam Energy Scan was performed at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The STAR experiment collected significant Au+Au data sets at beam energies, $\sqrt{{\rm s}_{\rm NN}}$, of 7.7, 11.5, 19.6, 27, 39, 62.4, and 200 GeV. Lattice and phenomenological calculations suggest that the presence of a CP might result in divergences of the thermodynamic susceptibilities and correlation length. The statistical moments of the multiplicity distributions of particles reflecting conserved quantities, such as net-charge and net-strangeness, are expected to depend sensitively on these correlation lengths, making them attractive tools in the search for a possible critical point. The centrality and beam-energy dependence of the statistical moments of the net-charge multiplicity distributions will be discussed. The observables studied include the lowest four statistical moments (mean, variance, skewness, kurtosis) and the products of these moments. The measured moments of the net-kaon multiplicity distributions will also be presented. These will be compared to the predictions from approaches lacking critical behavior, such as the Hadron Resonance Gas model and Poisson statistics.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, Quark Matter 2012 Proceedings
title: A mixed model approach to modelling global habitat suitability and invasion risk of the American bullfrog
Creators: name: Andersen, Desiree
name: Jang, Yikweon
Publisher: name: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: american bullfrog
subject: invasive species
subject: habitat suitability models
subject: ecological niche factor analysis
subject: random forest
subject: 004
subject: 570
subject: 580
subject: 590
subject: 600
subject: 630

description: American bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus), which are native to the eastern United States, have been widely introduced to other parts of the world through food and pet trade. These include parts of North, Central, and South America, Western Europe, and parts of Asia. In many of these regions, they have become invasive by predating or outcompeting native animals. Because of the potentially damaging impact on ecosystems where this species is not native, it is pertinent to delineate through habitat suitability models where it is most likely to find suitable habitat outside of its native range in order to effectively prevent future outbreaks. Here, we use presence points available through the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) along with mixed method habitat suitability modelling to determine areas of highest suitability and areas most at risk of invasion. We first ran an ecological niche factor analysis (ENFA) on a global grid of presence and pseudo-absence points using five uncorrelated bioclimatic factors (Bio1: annual temperature; Bio2: mean diurnal range; Bio12: annual precipitation; Bio14: precipitation of driest month; Bio15: precipitation seasonality). The original and ENFA modelled presence-pseudoabsence points were then fed separately into random forest algorithms using the same five bioclimatic variables. The random forest result of original data was considerably more conservative than the result from the ENFA modelled points, which is more similar to previous MAXENT models of this species found in the literature; however, the result of the original data indicates areas where the species is already present and therefore presents more risk than what is predicted by ENFA modelling. The two results were subsequently averaged to indicate areas at greatest risk of invasion; points with a value > 0.5 were considered risk areas. Our final model showed that the highest risk areas are located in Western North American, South America, Western Europe, parts of Africa, Japan, Southeast Asia, Western Australia, and New Zealand. Within these areas, the American bullfrog already occurs at high levels in Western North America and moderate levels in South America, Western Europe, and Japan; the species also has limited occurrences in Southeast Asia.
description: ICEI 2018 : 10th International Conference on Ecological Informatics- Translating Ecological Data into Knowledge and Decisions in a Rapidly Changing World
Harmonic cochains and K-theory for $\widetilde A_2$ groups
Creators: name: Robertson, Guyan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 46L80, secondary 58B34, 51E24, 20G25

description: If $Γ$ is a torsion free $\widetilde A_2$ group acting on an $\widetilde A_2$ building $Δ$, and $\fk A_Γ$ is the associated boundary $C^*$-algebra, it is proved that $K_0(\fk A_Γ)\otimes \bb R \cong \bb R^{2β_2}$, where $β_2=\dim_\bb R H^2(Γ, \bb R)$.
description: 9 Pages
Beneficial, harmful, or both? Effects of corporate venture capital and alliance activity on product recalls
Creators: name: Bendig, David
name: Hensellek, Simon
name: Schulte, Julian
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Product recalls
subject: Corporate venture capital
subject: Alliances
subject: Resource-based view
subject: Learning theory
subject: Market turbulence
subject: 330

description: Despite growing numbers of corporate venture capital (CVC) deals and alliances, their effectiveness is not guaranteed. This paper investigates the positive and negative impacts of CVC and alliance activity on product safety under different levels of market turbulence. Using a resource-based learning perspective and panel data from large U.S. firms, we find that both CVC and alliance activity have inverted U-shaped relationships with product recall likelihood. Market turbulence moderates both relationships, but differently. We discuss how learning theory complements the resource-based view to understand why no or rather bold external venturing are less harmful than small-scale “stuck-in-the-middle” initiatives.
description: Entrepreneurship theory and practice;
Measurement of the cosmic ray energy spectrum using hybrid events of the Pierre Auger Observatory
Creators: name: Settimo, Mariangela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The energy spectrum of ultra-high energy cosmic rays above 10$^{18}$ eV is measured using the hybrid events collected by the Pierre Auger Observatory between November 2005 and September 2010. The large exposure of the Observatory allows the measurement of the main features of the energy spectrum with high statistics. Full Monte Carlo simulations of the extensive air showers (based on the CORSIKA code) and of the hybrid detector response are adopted here as an independent cross check of the standard analysis (Phys. Lett. B 685, 239 (2010)). The dependence on mass composition and other systematic uncertainties are discussed in detail and, in the full Monte Carlo approach, a region of confidence for flux measurements is defined when all the uncertainties are taken into account. An update is also reported of the energy spectrum obtained by combining the hybrid spectrum and that measured using the surface detector array.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures
title: Testing the strengths of relationships between otter populations, fish and macroinvertebrate communities as well as habitat conditions across three Korean rivers by inferential modelling based on the hybrid evolutionary algorithm HEA
Creators: name: Hong, Sungwon
name: Recknagel, Friedrich
name: Chon, Tae-Soo
name: Joo, Gea-Jae
Publisher: name: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: lutra lutra
subject: food-web structure
subject: model ensemble
subject: hybrid evolutionary algorighm
subject: south korea
subject: hea
subject: 004
subject: 570
subject: 580
subject: 590
subject: 600
subject: 630

description: The Eurasian otter Lutra lutra is semi-aquatic carnivore and apex predator in aquatic systems. Since Korean government has implemented comprehensive clean water plans (1989 ~ 1997), improved aquatic food-web structure sustains otter population recovery. In this study, using hybrid evolutionary algorithm (HEA), we would demonstrate the influential food chains to the otter populations. We used 22 chains of the food-web structures (11 water qualities measurements (BOD, NH3N, NO3N, TN, PO4P, TP, water temperature, dissolved oxygen (mg/l), pH, conductivity, and turbidity), Diatom, chlorophyll a, five Macro-Benthic Invertebrates categories (Mollusca, Anthropoda, Annelida, Nematomorpha, and Platyhelminthes), and four fish categories (benthivore, herbivore, planktivore, and piscivores)). According to the 22 chains, we investigated spraint densities (no. spraint per 600m) as otter population indices at 250 sites in Nakdong River basin (NR, 2014-2016, three years), 92 sites in Youngsan River basins (YR, 2016), and 83 sites in Seumjin River basin (SR, 2016). In NR of 2014, otter populations seemingly affected by both micro-invertebrates (r^2 = 0.32) and fish densities (r2 = 0.31). However, overall of NR (2014-16), otter populations have been more precisely expected by fish densities (r^2 = 0.41), other than water quality measurements (r^2 = 0.37), and macro-invertebrates (r^2 = 0.32). In Seumjin and Youngsan River basins, otter populations were more explained by macro-invertebrate (r^2 = 0.40), than fish (r^2 = 0.26) and water qualities measurements (r^2 = 0.28). Different river basins and years showed the different thresholds of different food chains. We concluded that otter population status could result in different sensitivity of chain of food-web structures.
description: ICEI 2018 : 10th International Conference on Ecological Informatics- Translating Ecological Data into Knowledge and Decisions in a Rapidly Changing World
Sub-semi-Riemannian geometry of general $H$-type groups
Creators: name: Molina, Mauricio Godoy
name: Korolko, Anna
name: Markina, Irina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C50, 53B30, 53C17, 15A63

description: We introduce a special class of nilpotent Lie groups of step 2, that generalizes the so called $H$(eisenberg)-type groups, defined by A. Kaplan in 1980. We change the presence of inner product to an arbitrary scalar product and relate the construction to the composition of quadratic forms. We present the geodesic equation for sub-semi-Riemannian metric on nilpotent Lie groups of step 2 and solve them for the case of general $H$-type groups. We also present some results on sectional curvature and the Ricci tensor of general $H$-type groups.
description: 27 pages, no figures
title: Performance evaluation and hyperparameter tuning of statistical and machine-learning models using spatial data
Creators: name: Schratz, Patrick
name: Muenchow, Jannes
name: Richter, Jakob
name: Iturritxa, Eugenia
name: Brenning, Alexander
Publisher: name: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: spatial modeling
subject: machine learning
subject: model selection
subject: hyperparameter tuning
subject: spatial cross-validation
subject: 004
subject: 570
subject: 580
subject: 590
subject: 600
subject: 630

description: Machine-learning algorithms have gained popularity in recent years in the field of ecological modeling due to their promising results in predictive performance of classification problems. While the application of such algorithms has been highly simplified in the last years due to their well-documented integration in commonly used statistical programming languages such as R, there are several practical challenges in the field of ecological modeling related to unbiased performance estimation, optimization of algorithms using hyperparameter tuning and spatial autocorrelation. We address these issues in the comparison of several widely used machine-learning algorithms such as Boosted Regression Trees (BRT), kNearest Neighbor (WKNN), Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) to traditional parametric algorithms such as logistic regression (GLM) and semi-parametric ones like Generalized Additive Models (GAM). Different nested cross-validation methods including hyperparameter tuning methods are used to evaluate model performances with the aim to receive bias-reduced performance estimates. As a case study the spatial distribution of forest disease (Diplodia sapinea) in the Basque Country in Spain is investigated using common environmental variables such as temperature, precipitation, soil or lithology as predictors. Results show that GAM and Random Forest (RF) (mean AUROC estimates 0.708 and 0.699) outperform all other methods in predictive accuracy. The effect of hyperparameter tuning saturates at around 50 iterations for this data set. The AUROC differences between the bias-reduced (spatial cross-validation) and overoptimistic (non-spatial cross-validation) performance estimates of the GAM and RF are 0.167 (24%) and 0.213 (30%), respectively. It is recommended to also use spatial partitioning for cross-validation hyperparameter tuning of spatial data. The models developed in this study enhance the detection of Diplodia sapinea in the Basque Country compared to previous studies.
description: ICEI 2018 : 10th International Conference on Ecological Informatics- Translating Ecological Data into Knowledge and Decisions in a Rapidly Changing World
Index to Minutes of Meetings of the Executive Committee & the Board of Trustees, 1911-1946, "N"
Creators: name: Carnegie Corporation Of New York
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Corporate meetings
Charitable uses, trusts, and foundations

description: The following microfilm is a copy of 5 x 8 Kardex cards hitherto used in the Cumulative Index to the Minutes of the Executive Committee and of the Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Corporation of New York, from the first meeting of the Trustees (November 10, 1911) through the 22nd meeting of the Executive Committee (September 17, 1946). The Cumulative Index was initiated during the early days of the Corporation when the offices of the President, the Secretary, and the Treasurer were separately organized, each with its own system of records. It was maintained by Durand R. Miller, first as secretary to the Secretary of the Corporation, James Bertram, and later as Record Clerk of the Corporation. The entries in the Cumulative Index are duplications of those recorded in the index of each bound volume of Minutes.
Index to Minutes of Meetings of the Executive Committee & the Board of Trustees, 1911-1946, "Nor"
Creators: name: Carnegie Corporation Of New York
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Corporate meetings
Charitable uses, trusts, and foundations

description: The following microfilm is a copy of 5 x 8 Kardex cards hitherto used in the Cumulative Index to the Minutes of the Executive Committee and of the Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Corporation of New York, from the first meeting of the Trustees (November 10, 1911) through the 22nd meeting of the Executive Committee (September 17, 1946). The Cumulative Index was initiated during the early days of the Corporation when the offices of the President, the Secretary, and the Treasurer were separately organized, each with its own system of records. It was maintained by Durand R. Miller, first as secretary to the Secretary of the Corporation, James Bertram, and later as Record Clerk of the Corporation. The entries in the Cumulative Index are duplications of those recorded in the index of each bound volume of Minutes.
Observing local dynamics of ILSA projections in federal systems: a comparison between Germany and the United States
Creators: name: Niemann, Dennis
name: Hartong, Sigrid
name: Martens, Kerstin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: OECD
subject: PISA
subject: neoinstitutionalism
subject: Germany
subject: U.S.
subject: path-dependency
subject: 300

description: By comparing two federal education systems, namely Germany and the U.S., and their reactions to PISA we show how international, large-scale student assessments (ILSA) have been used by national stakeholders to gain leverage for legitimising or de-legitimising policy reforms in education. From a neo-institutionalist perspective we argue that country-specific path-dependencies and policy legacies, such as different systems of power devolution, testing traditions and also nongovernmental actor influence, additionally moderate the impact of ILSA.
title: Statistically reinforced machine learning for nonlinear interactions of factors and hierarchically nested spatial patterns
Creators: name: Ryo, Masahiro
name: Rillig, Matthias
Publisher: name: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: machine learning
subject: variable interaction
subject: biodiversity
subject: spatial distribution
subject: hypothesis generation
subject: 004
subject: 570
subject: 580
subject: 590
subject: 600
subject: 630

description: A data-driven approach employing machine learning holds promise for applications in ecological informatics. Machine learning can automatically find unexpected relationships between variables and will help generate hypotheses. Despite recognizing such an advantage, many ecologists may feel uncomfortable with fully relying on a data-driven approach that is quite different from the hypothesis-driven approach (i.e. frequentist statistics). With several examples from our ongoing projects, we discuss how to apply machine learning in ecology in terms of both advantages and caveats. First, we introduce an emerging technique that blends machine learning and frequentist statistics: Statistically-reinforced machine learning. This modeling approach has potential to discover nonlinear and interaction relationships, relying on statistical significance without the requirement that the user specifies a priori which variables interact. We show an example where machine learning discovered the interactions of an elevational gradient, biogeoclimatic class, and forest coverage as the most important interactions from > 40000 possible three-way interactions for explaining freshwater biodiversity patterns across Switzerland. Second, we also introduce how to model spatial patterns that are hierarchically nested across multiple scales using machine learning, considering spatial autocorrelation that is largely overlooked.
description: ICEI 2018 : 10th International Conference on Ecological Informatics- Translating Ecological Data into Knowledge and Decisions in a Rapidly Changing World
Overcoming blockade in producing doubly-excited dimers by a single intense pulse and their decay
Creators: name: Demekhin, Ph. V.
name: Gokhberg, K.
name: Jabbari, G.
name: Kopelke, S.
name: Kuleff, A. I.
name: Cederbaum, L. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Excitation of two identical species in a cluster by the absorption of two photons of the same energy is strongly suppressed since the excitation of one subunit blocks the excitation of the other one due to the binding Coulomb interaction. Here, we propose a very efficient way to overcome this blockade in producing doubly-excited homoatomic clusters by a single intense laser pulse. For Ne$_2$ it is explicitly demonstrated that the optimal carrier frequency of the pulse is given by half of the energy of the target state, which allows one to doubly excite more than half of the dimers at moderate field intensities. These dimers then undergo ultrafast interatomic decay bringing one Ne to its ground state and ionizing the other one. The reported \emph{ab initio} electron spectra present reliable predictions for future experiments by strong laser pulses.
description: 5 figs
The Hatano-Sasa equality: transitions between steady states in a granular gas
Creators: name: Mounier, Anne
name: Naert, Antoine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An experimental study is presented, about transitions between Non-Equilibrium Steady States (NESS) in a dissipative medium. The core device is a small rotating blade that imposes cycles of increasing and decreasing forcings to a granular gas, shaken independently. The velocity of this blade is measured, subject to the transitions imposed by the periodic torque variation. The Hatano-Sasa equality, that generalises the second principle of thermodynamics to NESS, is verified with a high accuracy (a few $10^{-3}$), at different variation rates. Besides, it is observed that the fluctuating velocity at fixed forcing follows a generalised Gumbel distribution. A rough evaluation of the mean free path in the granular gas suggests that it might be a correlated system, at least partially.
Augmented hybrid exact-diagonalization solver for dynamical mean field theory
Creators: name: Weber, C.
name: Amaricci, A.
name: Capone, M.
name: Littlewood, P. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new methodology to solve the Anderson impurity model, in the context of dynamical mean-field theory, based on the exact diagonalization method. We propose a strategy to effectively refine the exact diagonalization solver by combining a finite-temperature Lanczos algorithm with an adapted version of the cluster perturbation theory. We show that the augmented diagonalization yields an improved accuracy in the description of the spectral function of the single-band Hubbard model and is a reliable approach for a full d-orbital manifold calculation.
Soft governance by hard fact? The OECD as a knowledge broker in education policy
Creators: name: Niemann, Dennis
name: Martens, Kerstin
Publisher: name: Sage
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Global education policy
subject: International Organizations
subject: OECD
subject: social constructivism
subject: soft governance
subject: 300

description: As the policy field of education has become increasingly internationalized over the last two decades, international organizations like the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) play an increasingly decisive role in the diffusion of knowledge, monitoring, and research in global education policy. Although the OECD lacks any binding or coercive governance instruments in relation to states, or ability to provide material incentives for compliance, it has nevertheless successively expanded its influence regarding education. From a perspective of social constructivism, we argue that the transmission of ideas and information generated through ratings and rankings can be viewed as a crucial governance tool for the influence of an international organization (IO). Our article seeks to analyze how the OECD uses large-scale education assessments to promote the economically based idea of human capital and related learning techniques in education policy – thus influencing national education systems. Furthermore, the OECD and its distinctive approach of soft governance through putative hard fact may become a role model for other IOs, both in the field of education and beyond.
Stane Gabrovec, Drago Svoljšak, Milan Śifrer, Most na Soči (S. Lucia) I.
Creators: name: Sievers, Susanne
Publisher: name: Germania : Anzeiger der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts
Year: 2019

description: Stane Gabrovec, Drago Svoljšak, Milan Śifrer, Most na Soči (S. Lucia) I. Katalogi in Monografije 22. Izdaja Narodni muzej v Ljubljani, Ljubljana 1983. 72 Seiten, 46 Abbildungen und 30 Beilagen.
description: Germania : Anzeiger der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Bd. 64 Nr. 2 (1986)
PISA and its consequences: Shaping education policies through international comparisons
Creators: name: Niemann, Dennis
name: Martens, Kerstin
name: Teltemann, Janna
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Education Policy
subject: evidence-based policymaking
subject: Germany
subject: international large scale assessments
subject: OECD
subject: PISA
subject: 300

description: As the field of education has become a highly internationalised policy field in the last decade, international organisations such as the OECD play an ever more decisive role in the dissemination of knowledge, monitoring of outcomes, and research in education policy. Although the OECD lacks any binding governance instruments to put coercion on States or to provide material incentive, it has successively expanded its competences in this field. OECD advanced its status as an expert organisation in the field of education mainly by designing and conducting the international comparative PISA study. With PISA, the OECD was able to greatly influence national education systems. Basically, States were faced with external advice based on sound empirical data that challenged existing domestic policies, politics, and ideas. One prominent case for the impact of PISA is Germany. PISA was a decisive watershed in German education policy-making. Almost instantly after the PISA results were publicised in late 2001, a comprehensive education reform agenda was put forward in Germany. The experienced reform dynamic was highly surprising because the traditional German education system and politics were characterised by deep-rooted historical legacies, many involved stakeholders at different levels, and reform-hampering institutions. Hence, a backlog of grand education reforms have prevailed in Germany since the 1970s. The external pressure exerted by PISA completely changed that situation.
title: Remote sensing based estimation of forest biophysical variables using machine learning algorithm
Creators: name: Srinet, Ritika
name: Nandy, Subrata
name: Patel, N.
Publisher: name: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: leaf area index
subject: fraction of intercepted photosynthetically active radiation
subject: aboveground biomass
subject: remote sensing
subject: random forest
subject: 004
subject: 570
subject: 580
subject: 590
subject: 600
subject: 630

description: Leaf Area Index (LAI), Fraction of Intercepted Photosynthetically Active Radiation (fIPAR) and forest Aboveground Biomass (AGB) are important regulatory parameters for several functions of the forest canopy. An accurate information about the spatial variability of these biophysical variables is vital to capture the variability in estimates of gross primary productivity, carbon exchange and microclimate in terrestrial ecosystems. The present study aims at developing predictive models for generating spatial distribution of LAI, fIPAR and AGB by integrating remote sensing imagery and field data using random forest (RF) regression algorithm. The study was carried out in a tropical moist deciduous forest of Uttarakhand, India. Various spectral and texture variables were derived using Sentinel-2 data of 10 April 2017. In-situ measurements of LAI, incident Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) above canopy (I_o), below canopy (I), and diameter at breast height (dbh) were taken. fIPAR and AGB were calculated. RF regression algorithm was used to optimize the variables to select the best predictor variables. Three models, using only spectral variables, only texture variables and both spectral and texture variables were tested. For all three biophysical variables, the models using both spectral and texture variables gave better results. The best predictor variables were used to map the spatial distribution of LAI, fIPAR and AGB. On validation, the models were able to predict LAI with R^2=0.83, %RMSE = 13.25%, fIPAR with R^2=0.87, %RMSE = 13.24%, and AGB with R^2=0.85, %RMSE = 12.17%. The estimated biophysical parameters showed high interdependence (LAI-fIPAR R2= 0.71, LAI-AGB R^2=0.75 and fIPAR-AGB R^2= 0.74). The results showed that RF can be effectively applied to predict the spatial distribution of forest biophysical variables like LAI, fIPAR and AGB with adequate accuracy.
description: ICEI 2018 : 10th International Conference on Ecological Informatics- Translating Ecological Data into Knowledge and Decisions in a Rapidly Changing World
title: Evaluating explanations of land cover change using approximate Bayesian Computation
Creators: name: Andrew, Lane
name: James, Millington
name: Simon, Miles
Publisher: name: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mediterranean
subject: Fire
subject: approximate Bayesian computation
subject: Paleoecology
subject: agent -based modelling
subject: 004
subject: 570
subject: 580
subject: 590
subject: 600
subject: 630

description: The ecology of the Mediterranean region today is the product of thousands of years of human intervention, combined with the effects of climatic change on its flora, and natural disturbance arising from its active fire regim e. Understanding the complex ways in which anthropogenic land- cover change, climate, and fire interact with each other could help guide public policy and land management decision- making, especially important to ensure sustainability in an uncertain future of climate change. A fruitful step in this endeavour will be to explain changes to landscape- scale vegetation ecology arising from the time when humans first began to compete with fire as a source of ecological disturbance 10,000 years ago – the agricultur al revolution. Paleoecological data provide a means to study ecosystem change in the distant past, and over timescales longer than a human lifetime. In particular, analysis of how the abundance of pollen produced by different plant functional types has changed over time can tell us much about the evolution of the composition of those functional types in the land- cover around a study site. Pollen time series can be viewed as fingerprints of the interacting processes of anthropogenic land- cover change, fire a nd ecological succession, against the backdrop of a changing climate. However, no amount of scrutiny of the data alone can elucidate the causal role each of the interacting factors had in creating them. We have developed a model which integrates theoretica l understanding of ecological and anthropogenic processes via an agent -based modelling framework. By simulating both natural and anthropogenic processes and allowing them to interact with each other in a spatially explicit virtual landscape, we can generat e dynamic pictures of landscapes evolving in time which are consistent with socio- ecological theory. However, as scientists we must be vigilant in our reporting of uncertainty about our models. Historical sciences provide a unique challenge in this regard, since theories cannot be tested by direct experimentation. In this talk, I will discuss the use of approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) as a means to unite acausal paleoecological data with a socio- ecological simulation model which encodes causal hypoth eses about Neolithic land -cover change, but whose likeness to reality is uncertain. ABC will be considered as a tool to support inference about which models best explain available empirical data, as well as indicating which aspects of those models are most uncertain.
description: ICEI 2018 : 10th International Conference on Ecological Informatics- Translating Ecological Data into Knowledge and Decisions in a Rapidly Changing World
title: Grenzenlose Bildungspolitik? Empirische Evidenz für PISA als weltweites Leitbild für nationale Bildungsreformen
title: Boundary-less education policy? Empirical evidence for PISA as a world-wide model for national education reforms
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Bieber, Tonia
name: Martens, Kerstin
name: Niemann, Dennis
name: Windzio, Michael
Publisher: name: Springer
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Deutschland
subject: Historischer Institutionalismus
subject: OECD
subject: PISA
subject: Schweiz
subject: soft governance
subject: USA
subject: Germany
subject: Historical institutionalism
subject: Switzerland
subject: 300

description: Die OECD wird heute als maßgebliche Autorität im Politikfeld Bildung betrachtet. Dies ist insofern bemerkenswert, da diese internationale Organisation keinerlei formale Steuerungskapazitäten im Bildungsbereich besitzt und nationale Politikgestaltung lediglich mit weichen Governance-Mechanismen wie Benchmarking sowie der Verbreitung von Ideen und Informationen beeinflussen kann. Am Beispiel von PISA wird in diesem Beitrag veranschaulicht, wie die OECD hohe öffentliche Aufmerksamkeit erreicht und politischen Druck erzeugt, nationale Bildungspolitiken im Sinne der von PISA aufgezeigten Best Practices zu reformieren. Basierend auf den politikwissenschaftlichen Ansätzen zu Governance, Diffusion und Public Policy zeigen wir, wie das OECD-Benchmarking zur Verbreitung international anerkannter Bildungspraktiken beitragen und Bildungsreformen in verschiedenen Nationalstaaten wie Deutschland, der Schweiz und den USA beeinflussen konnte. Dabei können nationale politische Institutionen und historische Traditionen die Wirkkraft der internationalen Benchmarking-Prozesse lenken. The OECD is regarded as an authority in the field of contemporary education policy. This is particularly remarkable since this international organization does not have any binding governance instruments at its disposal. The OECD is just able to influence national policy-making with soft governance mechanisms. This article demonstrates that with its international education study ‘PISA’, the OECD was able to create public attention and political pressure to introduce national education reforms according to best practice examples as revealed with the help of PISA. Based on theoretical accounts on governance, diffusion, and public policy, it is shown that the OECD benchmarking substantially contributed to the diffusion of education practices and influenced education reforms at the national level in Germany, Switzerland, and the USA. Thereby, the impact of international benchmarking was moderated by domestic political institutions and historical traditions.
title: Laboratory astrophysics: spectroscopy and instrumentation for the gas phase and the solid state
Creators: name: Potapov, Alexey
Publisher: name: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 520

description: Laborastrophysik ist eine Brücke zwischen Untersuchungen von Atomen und Molekülen im interstellaren Medium, die wir durch astronomische Beobachtungen identifizieren können, und Untersuchungen dieser Spezies oder ihrer Analoga, die wir im Labor erzeugen und in situ vermessen können. Die Laborastrophysik liefert dabei spektroskopische Fingerabdrücke von Spezies, die benötigt werden, um beobachtete astronomische Spektren zu entschlüsseln und erlaubt die Modellierung physikalisch-chemischer Prozesse unter den Bedingungen des interstellaren Mediums. Sie hilft, diese Prozesse in ihrer Gesamtheit zu verstehen und belastbare astrochemische Modelle aufzustellen, die, unterstützt durch astronomische Beobachtungen, unsere astrochemische Vergangenheit und Zukunft enthüllen können. Eine der grundlegenden Fragen, die sich bezüglich des interstellaren Mediums stellt, ist die nach der Natur und Häufigkeiten der detektierten Spezies. Um diese Frage zu beantworten, sind drei wesentliche Voraussetzungen zu erfüllen: (a) Spezies im interstellaren Medium suchen und identifizieren, (b) theoretische Modelle entwickeln, die die Bildung der beobachteten Spezies erklären und (c) Schlüsselparameter der Modelle bestimmen, wie etwa dynamische und strukturelle Parameter der Spezies und Ratenkoeffizienten der chemischen Netzwerke. Die vorliegende Arbeit widmet sich dem ersten und dritten dieser Problemkreise.
The Bologna Process as a template for transnational policy coordination
Creators: name: Vögtle, Eva
name: Martens, Kerstin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Bologna Process
subject: higher education
subject: diffusion
subject: transnational communication
subject: sociological institutionalism
subject: Asia-Pacific
subject: Latin America and the Caribbean
subject: Africa
subject: 300

description: The Bologna Process (BP) presents the largest ongoing reform initiative in higher education (HE). Although it has triggered large-scale changes in HE structures in Europe, comparative analysis about its impact on other regions of the world is scarce. Using transnational communication and sociological institutionalism as a theoretical framework, this article investigates the impact of the BP on the Asia-Pacific region, Latin America and the Caribbean [LAC] and (parts of) Africa. Our results demonstrate that not only the policies promoted in the realm of the BP, especially in the field of study structures, have been copied by non-European HE institutions, but also its governance modes for managing transnational HE reform initiatives. Thus, the BP can be regarded as a template for transnational HE harmonization processes in the absence of legal obligation.
Wilhelm Barner. 2. Juli 1893-6. Mai 1973
Creators: name: Jankuhn, Herbert
Publisher: name: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
Year: 2019

description: -
description: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte, Bd. 42 (1973): Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
Fallback Disks, Magnetars and Other Neutron Stars
Creators: name: Alpar, M. Ali
name: Caliskan, S.
name: Ertan, U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The presence of matter with angular momentum, in the form of a fallback disk around a young isolated neutron star will determine its evolution. This leads to an understanding of many properties of different classes of young neutron stars, in particular a natural explanation for the period clustering of AXPs, SGRs and XDINs. The spindown or spinup properties of a neutron star are determined by the dipole component of the magnetic field. The natural possibility that magnetars and other neutron stars may have different strengths of the dipole and higher multipole components of the magnetic field is now actually required by observations on the spindown rates of some magnetars. This talk gives a broad overview and some applications of the fallback disk model to particular neutron stars. Salient points are: (i) A fallback disk has already been observed around the AXP 4U 0142+61 some years ago. (ii) The low observed spindown rate of the SGR 0418+5729 provides direct evidence that the dipole component of the field is in the $10^{12} G$ range. All properties of the SGR 0418+5729 at its present age can be explained by spindown under torques from a fallback disk. (iii) The anomalous braking index of PSR J1734-3333 can also be explained by the fallback disk model which gives the luminosity, period, period derivative and the period second derivative at the present age. (iv) These and all applications to a variety of other sources employ the same disk physics and evolution, differing only in the initial conditions of the disk.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures. Invited talk, Proceedings of IAU Symposium 290, "Feeding Compact Objects: Accretion on All Scales", C. M. Zhang, T. Belloni, M. Mendez & S. N. Zhang (eds.), Beijing, China, 20-24 August 2012 (Typo corrected in version 2)
title: Investigating climate impacts in the Gulf of Mexico with Dynamic Bayesian Networts
Creators: name: Trifonova, Neda
name: Karnauskas, Mandy
name: Kelble, Christopher
Publisher: name: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Bayesian network
subject: Gulf of Mexico
subject: ecosystem dynamics
subject: hidden variable
subject: climate variability
subject: 004
subject: 570
subject: 580
subject: 590
subject: 600
subject: 630

description: The Gulf of Mexico is an ecologically and economically important marine ecosystem that is affected by a variety of natural and anthropogeni c pressures. These complex and interacting pressures, together with the dynamic environment of the Gulf, present challenges for the effective management of its resources. The recent adoption of Bayesian networks to ecology allows for the discovery and quan tification of complex interactions from data after making only a few assumptions about observations of the system. In this study, we apply Bayesian network models, with different levels of structural complexity and a varying number of hidden variables to account for uncertainty when modelling ecosystem dynamics. From these models, we predict focal ecosystem components within the Gulf of Mexico. The predictive ability of the models varied with their structure. The model that performed best was parameterized through data- driven learning techniques and accounted for multispecies associations and their interactions with human and natural pressures over time. Then, we altered sea surface temperature in the best performing model to explore the response of different variables to increased temperature. The magnitude and even direction of predicted responses varied by ecosystem components due to heterogeneity in driving factors and their spatial overlap. Our findings suggest that due to varying species sensitivity to drivers, changes in temperature will potentially lead to trade- offs in terms of population productivity. We were able to discover meaningful interactions between ecosystem components and their environment and show how sensitive these relationships are to climate perturbations, which increases our understanding of the potential future response of the system to increasing temperature. Our findings demonstrate that accounting for additional sources of variation, by incorporating multiple interactions and press ures in the model layout, has the potential for gaining deeper insights into the structure and dynamics of ecosystems.
description: ICEI 2018 : 10th International Conference on Ecological Informatics- Translating Ecological Data into Knowledge and Decisions in a Rapidly Changing World