Hohokam Settlement Along the Slopes of the Picacho Mountains: The Picacho Area Sites
Creators: name: Jelinek, Lauren
Publisher: name: Department of Anthropology, Museum of Northern Arizona
Year: 1987
Subjects: subject: McClellan Wash
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subject: Red Rock Reservoir
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subject: Picacho Mountains
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subject: Salt-Gila Aquaduct
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subject: Picacho Reservoir
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/54281/picacho-reservoir
subject: Hohokam pre-Classic period
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subject: Hohokam Classic period
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subject: Hohokam Late Classic period
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subject: Hohokam Pioneer period
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subject: Hohokam
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subject: McClellan Wash Site
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subject: NA18,047(MNA)
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subject: White Rabbit Site
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subject: NA18,048(MNA)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/6190/na18048mna
subject: Pecan Site
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subject: NA18,280(MNA)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/6191/na18280mna
subject: Lizard Man Site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/3514/lizard-man-site
subject: Picacho Mound Site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/3515/picacho-mound-site
subject: AZ AA:7:27(ASM)
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subject: AZ AA:7:32(ASM)
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subject: AZ AA:7:46A(ASM)
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subject: AZ AA:7:46B(ASM)
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subject: NA18,049(MNA)
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subject: NA18,050(MNA)
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subject: NA18,051(MNA)
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subject: NA18,052(MNA)
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subject: NA18,053(MNA)
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subject: NA18,055(MNA)
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subject: NA18,057(MNA)
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subject: NA18,319(MNA)
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subject: AZ AA:7:15(ASM)
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subject: AZ AA:7:56(ASM)
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subject: AZ AA:7:57(ASM)
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subject: AZ AA:7:59(ASM)
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subject: AZ AA:7:60(ASM)
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subject: AZ AA:7:61(ASM)
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subject: AZ AA:7:62(ASM)
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subject: AZ AA:7:63(ASM)
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subject: AZ AA:7:64(ASM)
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subject: AZ AA:7:65(ASM)
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subject: AZ AA:7:66(ASM)
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subject: AZ AA:7:67(ASM)
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subject: AZ AA:7:68(ASM)
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subject: AZ AA:7:71(ASM)
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subject: AZ AA:7:72(ASM)
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subject: AZ AA:7:73(ASM)
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subject: AZ AA:7:74(ASM)
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subject: AZ AA:7:75(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/6151/az-aa775asm
subject: NA18,017(MNA)
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subject: NA18,018(MNA)
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subject: NA18,022(MNA)
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subject: NA18,030(MNA)
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subject: NA18,031(MNA)
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subject: NA18,034(MNA)
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subject: NA18,037(MNA)
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subject: NA18,268(MNA)
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subject: AZ AA:7:4(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/6163/az-aa74asm
subject: AZ AA:7:55(ASM)
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subject: AZ AA:7:58(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/6166/az-aa758asm
subject: NA18,019(MNA)
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subject: NA18,020(MNA)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/6169/na18020mna
subject: NA18,021(MNA)
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subject: NA18,023(MNA)
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subject: NA18,032(MNA)
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subject: NA18,033(MNA)
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subject: NA18,035(MNA)
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subject: NA18,036(MNA)
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subject: NA18,038(MNA)
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subject: NA18,039(MNA)
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subject: NA18,040(MNA)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/6182/na18040mna
subject: Rock Terrace Site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/3495/rock-terrace-site
subject: NA18,041(MNA)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/6183/na18041mna
subject: Yearling Site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/3496/yearling-site
subject: NA18,042(MNA)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/6184/na18042mna
subject: Red Rock Reservoir
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/3497/red-rock-reservoir
subject: NA18,043(MNA)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/6185/na18043mna
subject: NA18,044(MNA)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/6186/na18044mna
subject: Picacho Pass Site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/3500/picacho-pass-site
subject: NA18,046(MNA)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/6188/na18046mna
subject: Funerary and Burial Structures or Features
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/301/funerary-and-burial-structures-or-features
subject: Resource Extraction / Production / Transportation Structure or Features
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/272/resource-extraction-production-transportation-structure-or-features
subject: Agricultural Field or Field Feature
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/274/agricultural-field-or-field-feature
subject: Archaeological Feature
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/339/archaeological-feature
subject: Artifact Scatter
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/340/artifact-scatter
subject: Reservoir
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/277/reservoir
subject: Domestic Structure or Architectural Complex
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/251/domestic-structure-or-architectural-complex
subject: Hamlet / Village
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/254/hamlet-village
subject: Trash Midden
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/351/trash-midden
subject: Brush Structure
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/257/brush-structure
subject: Pit
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/355/pit
subject: Refuse Pit
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/356/refuse-pit
subject: Roasting Pit / Oven / Horno
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/357/roasting-pit-oven-horno
subject: Pit House / Earth Lodge
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/263/pit-house-earth-lodge
subject: Rock Alignment
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/360/rock-alignment
subject: Ceramic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/1/ceramic
subject: Chipped Stone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/2/chipped-stone
subject: Fauna
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/4/fauna
subject: Ground Stone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/7/ground-stone
subject: Human Remains
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/9/human-remains
subject: Macrobotanical
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/10/macrobotanical
subject: Picacho Mountains Prehistory
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/107839/picacho-mountains-prehistory
subject: Picacho Mountains Archaeology
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/108362/picacho-mountains-archaeology
subject: Agave processing
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/134730/agave-processing
subject: Archaeological Overview
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/1/archaeological-overview
subject: Data Recovery / Excavation
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/5/data-recovery-excavation
subject: Site Evaluation / Testing
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/10/site-evaluation-testing

description: The third volume in the Tucson Aqueduct, Hohokam Studies Project presents the results of field investigations of sites in Reach 2 of the Tucson Aqueduct, Phase A project area. These investigations were directed towards both intensive and low level testing of a wide variety of sites in the area south of the Picacho Mountains and north of Red Rock, Arizona. Also reported are the results of on-call surveys of several areas outside of the aqueduct right-of-way. Investigations focused on portions of a large early Classic period village with a small Colonial period component, the McClellan Wash site, and a large Colonial period hamlet, the Picacho Pass site. Investigations were also carried out at the Rock Terrace site, a large dry-farming site used for the exploitation of Agave and wild plants; the Lizard Man Site, a specialized resource procurement and processing site with numerous bedrock mortars and metates; the Pecan Site, a small Colonial and early Classic period farmstead; and the Red Rock Reservoir, a pre-Classic period reservoir and resource procurement site. Small scale tests were conducted at a number of other small to moderate sized resource procurement and processing sites. These investigations revealed that the earliest occupation of the area was in the Archaic or late Pioneer period and the first evidence of major settlement was in the early Colonial period. There was a major reduction in occupation during the Sedentary period. New and larger settlements were founded in the early Classic period. Settlement peaked in the late Classic period when a large community was formed around a plat form mound northeast of the study area. Significant and early historic Piman remains were also documented at several sites. The Hohokam adaptation to this area was similar to that postulated for the Desert Branch of the Hohokam, with subsistence dependent on Chenoams, Agave, and wild plant foods. Little evidence of traditional corn agriculture was present until the early Classic period and even then it was very limited. Throughout the prehistoric occupation, the settlements appeared to be on the frontier between the Gila-Salt and Tucson basin core areas, exhibiting material culture traits from both areas. However, nonlocal resources and products were rare, indicating relatively little participation in regional interaction networks.