Glyptapanteles iangauldi Arias-Penna, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Arias-Penna, Diana Carolina
name: Whitfield, James B.
name: Janzen, Daniel H.
name: Winifred Hallwachs,
name: Dyer, Lee A.
name: Smith, M. Alex
name: Hebert, Paul D. N.
name: Fernandez-Triana, Jose L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Braconidae
Glyptapanteles
Glyptapanteles iangauldi

description: Glyptapanteles iangauldi Arias-Penna, sp. nov.Figs 105, 106 Female. Body length 2.32 mm, antenna length 2.63 mm, fore wing length 2.42 mm. Type material. <b>Holotype</b>: COSTA RICA • 1♀; 06-SRNP-8750, DHJPAR0012681; Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Alajuela, Sector San Cristóbal, Puente Palma; rain forest; 460 m; 10.9163, -85.37869; 24.x.2006; Anabelle Córdoba leg.; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; cocoons adhered to the larval cuticle and formed on 02.xi.2006; adult parasitoids emerged on 07.xi.2006; (CNC). <b>Paratypes.</b> • 9 (4♀, 5♂) (0♀, 0♂); 06-SRNP-8750, DHJPAR0012681; same data as for holotype; (CNC). Other material. <b>Reared material. COSTA RICA</b>: <i>Área de Conservación Guanacaste</i> , <i>Alajuela</i>, <i>Sector San Cristóbal</i>, <i>Sendero Corredor</i>: • 51 (5♀, 4♂) (42♀, 0♂); 00-SRNP-11404, DHJPAR0000001; rain forest; 620 m; 10.87868, -85.38963; 08.vi.2000; Carolina Cano leg.; caterpillar collected in third instar; white separate cocoons packed in among the larval setae; adult parasitoids emerged on 28.vi.2000. <i>Área de Conservación Guanacaste</i> , <i>Alajuela</i>, <i>Sector San Cristóbal</i>, <i>Río Areno</i> : • 88 (3♀, 3♂) (81♀, 1♂); 05-SRNP-456, DHJPAR0004241; rain forest; 460 m; 10.91407, -85.38174; 04.ii.2005; Yessenia Mendoza leg.; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; masses of brownish small separate cocoons adhered to back of caterpillar; adult parasitoids emerged on 26.ii.2005. <i>Área de Conservación Guanacaste</i> , <i>Alajuela</i>, <i>Sector San Cristóbal</i>, <i>Sendero Huerta</i>: • 25 (3♀, 1♂) (21♀, 0♂); 06-SRNP-3984, DHJPAR0012016; rain forest; 527 m; 10.9305, -85.37223; 19.v.2006; Osvaldo Espinoza leg.; caterpillar collected in fifth instar; mass of vertical cocoons among the setae on the back of the caterpillar; adult parasitoids emerged on 11.vi.2006. <i>Área de Conservación Guanacaste</i> , <i>Alajuela</i>, <i>Sector San Cristóbal</i>, <i>Vado Río Cucaracho</i> : • 198 (5♀, 5♂) (132♀, 54♂); 01-SRNP-971, DHJPAR0000022; rain forest; 640 m; 10.8702, -85.39153; 20.iii.2001; Carolina Cano leg.; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; cocoons densely packed among the setae of the caterpillar; adult parasitoids emerged on 01.iv.2001and caterpillar still alive. • 93 (4♀ + 3♂) (76♀, 10♂); 04-SRNP-261, DHJPAR0000288; same data as for preceding except: 12.i.2004; Neyvin Hernandez; scattered cocoons adhered to cadaver; cocoon characteristics not reported; adult parasitoids emerged on 02.ii.2004. <i>Área de Conservación Guanacaste</i> , <i>Alajuela</i>, <i>Sector San Cristóbal</i>, <i>Río Blanco Abajo</i> : • 164 (3♀, 3♂) (152♀, 6♂); 02-SRNP-714, DHJPAR0001480; rain forest; 500 m; 10.90037, -85.37254; 05.ii.2002; Tom Prescott leg.; caterpillar collected in fifth instar; cocoons adhered to the larval cuticle; adult parasitoids emerged on 16.ii.2002. • 130 (3♀, 3♂) (110♀, 14♂); 02-SRNP-884, DHJPAR0000264; same data as for preceding except: 08.ii.2002; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; brown single cocoons adhered among the seta on larva; adult parasitoids emerged on 20.ii.2002. • 32 (3♀, 3♂) (19♀, 7♂); 07-SRNP-5154, DHJPAR0020729; same data as for preceding except: 24.xii.2007; Elda Araya; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; cocoons brown cocoons adhered among the setae of caterpillar; adult parasitoids emerged on 11.i.2008. <i>Área de Conservación Guanacaste</i> , <i>Alajuela</i>, <i>Sector San Cristóbal</i>, <i>Puente Palma</i>: • 133 (5♀, 5♂) (107♀, 16♂); 06-SRNP-9670, DHJPAR0012674; rain forest; 460 m; 10.9163, -85.37869; 28.xi.2006; Elda Araya leg.; caterpillar collected in third instar; solitary cocoons among the setae in the back of caterpillar cadaver densely packed upright; adult parasitoids emerged on 24.xii.2006. • 114 (5♀, 5♂) (81♀, 23♂); 06-SRNP-9671, DHJPAR0012670; same data as for preceding except: caterpillar collected in fourth instar; cocoons adhered to the larval cuticle; adult parasitoids emerged on 16.xii.2006. • 125 (5♀, 5♂) (99♀, 16♂); 09-SRNP-19, DHJPAR0034257; same data as for preceding except: 03.i.2009; caterpillar collected in fifth instar; cocoons adhered to the larval cuticle; cocoon characteristics not reported; adult parasitoids emerged on 09.i.2009. <i>Área de Conservación Guanacaste</i> , <i>Alajuela</i>, <i>Sector Brasilia</i>, <i>Moga</i>: • 43 (4♀, 4♂) (35♀, 0♂); 11-SRNP-65131, DHJPAR0042961; rain forest; 320 m; 11.01227, -85.34929; 29.iii.2011; Minor Carmona leg.; caterpillar collected in fifth instar; cocoons adhered to the larval cuticle and formed on 07.iv.2011; adult parasitoids emerged on 11.iv.2011. Diagnosis. Medioanterior pit of metanotum without median longitudinal carina (Figs 105C, 106E), propodeum medially rhomboid-shaped with transverse rugae (Figs 105C, 106E), scutellum in profile convex and slightly higher than mesoscutum (Figs 105E, 106G), propodeal spiracle without distal carina (Figs 105C, 106E), phragma of the scutellum partially exposed (Figs 105C, 106E), nucha surrounded by long radiating carinae (Figs 105C, 106E), propodeum medially rhomboid-shaped with transverse rugae (Figs 105C, 106E), dorsal carina delimiting a dorsal furrow on propleuron present (Fig. 105E), petiole on T1 parallel-sided, but narrowing over distal 1/3 (Figs 105D, 106F), precoxal groove deep (Figs 105A, 106A, G), anteroventral contour of mesopleuron straight/angulate or nearly so (Figs 105A, 106G), edges of median area on T2 polished and followed by a deep groove (Figs 105D, 106F), and fore wing with r vein curved, outer side of junction of r and 2RS veins forming a distinct stub (Figs 105I, 106J). Coloration (Fig. 105A). General body coloration brown-black except labrum, mandible, scape and pedicel yellow-brown; glossa, maxillary and labial palps, and tegulae yellow. Eyes and median ocellus silver, and lateral ocelli reddish (in preserved specimen). Fore and middle legs yellow except coxae (inner side lighter than outer side) and claws brown; hind legs yellow except brown-black coxae, most of the femora brown, distal half of tibiae brown, and tarsomeres brown. Petiole on T1 dark yellow-brown, contours darkened and sublateral areas yellow; T2 with median and adjacent areas brown, and lateral ends yellow; T3 broadly brown except proximal corners yellow; T4 and beyond completely brown; distally each tergum with a narrow whitish transparent band. In lateral view, T1-2 completely yellow; T3 yellow, distally with a narrow brown band; T4 and beyond completely brown. S1-3 yellow, but medially brown; S4 yellow, but distally with a broad brown band; penultimate sternum and hypopygium completely brown. Description. <b>Head</b> (Fig. 105A, B, E). Head rounded with pubescence short and dense. Proximal three antennal flagellomeres longer than wide (0.19:0.07, 0.19:0.07, 0.19:0.07), distal antennal flagellomere longer than penultimate (0.11:0.05, 0.09:0.05), antenna longer than body (2.63, 2.32); antennal scrobes-frons shallow. Face with dense fine punctations, interspaces with microsculpture, distal half dented only laterally and longitudinal median carina present. Frons smooth. Temple wide, punctate and interspaces wavy. Inner margin of eyes diverging slightly at antennal sockets; in lateral view, eye anteriorly convex and posteriorly straight. POL shorter than OOL (0.09, 0.12). Malar suture present. Median area between lateral ocelli slightly depressed. Vertex laterally rounded and dorsally wide. <b>Mesosoma</b> (Fig. 105 A–C, E). Mesosoma dorsoventrally convex. Mesoscutum proximally convex and distally flat, punctation distinct proximally with polished area distally, interspaces wavy/lacunose. Scutellum triangular, apex sloped and fused with BS, scutellar punctation scattered throughout, in profile scutellum convex and slightly higher than mesoscutum, phragma of the scutellum partially exposed; BS only very partially overlapping the MPM; ATS demilune with short stubs delineating the area; dorsal ATS groove with carinae only proximally. Transscutal articulation with small and homogeneous foveae, area just behind transscutal articulation smooth, shiny and nearly at the same level as mesoscutum (flat). Metanotum with BM wider than PFM (clearly differentiated); MPM circular without median longitudinal carina; AFM with a small lobe and not as well delineated as PFM; PFM thick and smooth; ATM proximally with semircular/undulate carina and distally smooth. Propodeum medially rhomboid-shaped with rugae, proximal half curved with fine sculpture and distal half relatively polished; distal edge of propodeum with a flange at each side and without stubs; propodeal spiracle without distal carina; nucha surrounded by very short radiating carinae. Pronotum with a distinct dorsal furrow, dorsally with a well-defined smooth band; central area smooth, but both dorsal and ventral furrows with short parallel carinae. Propleuron with a mix of rugae and fine punctation, dorsally with a carina. Metasternum flat or nearly so. Contour of mesopleuron straight/angulate or nearly so; precoxal groove deep with faintly transverse lineate sculpture; epicnemial ridge convex, teardrop-shaped. <b>Legs.</b> Ventral margin of fore telotarsus entire without seta, fore telotarsus almost same width throughout and longer than fourth tarsomere (0.10, 0.07). Hind coxa with punctation only on ventral surface and dorsal outer depression present. Inner spur of hind tibia longer than outer spur (0.26, 0.19), entire surface of hind tibia with dense strong spines clearly differentiated by color and length. Hind telotarsus shorter than fourth tarsomere (0.10, 0.13). <b>Wings</b> (Fig. 105I, J). Fore wing with r vein slightly curved; 2RS vein straight; r and 2RS veins forming a weak, even curve at their junction and outer side of junction forming a slight stub; 2M vein slightly curved/swollen; distally fore wing [where spectral veins are] with microtrichiae more densely concentrated than the rest of the wing; anal cell 1/3 proximally lacking microtrichiae; subbasal cell with a small smooth area; vein 2CUa absent and vein 2CUb spectral; vein 2 cu-a absent; vein 2-1A proximally tubular, distally spectral, although sometimes difficult to see; tubular vein 1 cu-a curved, incomplete/broken and not reaching the edge of 1-1A vein. Hind wing with vannal lobe, subdistally and subproximally straightened, and setae present only proximally. <b>Metasoma</b> (Fig. 105A, D, F–H). Metasoma laterally compressed. Petiole on T1 finely sculptured only distally, virtually parallel-sided over most of length, but narrowing over distal 1/3 (length 0.33, maximum width 0.16, minimum width 0.08), and with scattered pubescence concentrated in the first distal third. Lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 distally losing definition (length median area 0.11, length T2 0.15), edges of median area polished and lateral grooves deep, median area broader than long (length 0.11, maximum width 0.16, minimum width 0.08); T2 with scattered pubescence only distally. T3 longer than T2 (0.20, 0.15) and with scattered pubescence throughout. Pubescence on hypopygium scattered. <b>Cocoons</b> (Fig. 4T). White or brown oval cocoons with silk fibers evenly smooth. Masses of separate cocoons adhered among the setae of caterpillar. Male (Fig. 106 A–K). Similar in coloration to female. The mesosoma is slightly stouter than female. Etymology. Ian David Gauld (25 May 1947-12 January 2009) is a well-known British entomologist who dedicated his entire career to the evolutionary biology of Ichneumonids (Anomaloniae, Labeninae, Ophioninae, and Pimplinae). He spent the last two decades of his life focusing upon the Costa Rican fauna. Distribution. Parasitized caterpillars were collected in Costa Rica, ACG, Sector Brasilia (Moga) and Sector San Cristóbal (Río Areno, Río Blanco Abajo, Puente Palma, Sendero Corredor, Sendero Huerta, and Vado Río Cucaracho), during June 2000, March 2001, February 2002 and 2005, January 2004, May, October-November 2006, December 2007, January 2009, and March 2011 at 460 m, 500 m, 620 m, and 640 m in rain forest. Biology. The lifestyle of this parasitoid species is gregarious. Host. <i>Zanola verago</i> Cramer (Apatelodidae) (Fig. 4T) feeding on <i>Iresine diffusa</i> (Amaranthaceae), <i>Philodendron</i> sp. (Araceae), <i>Psychotria berteriana</i>, <i>Hamelia patens</i> and <i>Spermacoce ocymifolia</i> (Rubiaceae), <i>Inga oerstediana</i> and <i>I. samanensis</i> (Fabaceae), <i>Solanum circinatum</i> (Solanaceae). Caterpillars were collected in third, fourth, and fifth instar.
description: Published as part of <i>Arias-Penna, Diana Carolina, Whitfield, James B., Janzen, Daniel H., Winifred Hallwachs,, Dyer, Lee A., Smith, M. Alex, Hebert, Paul D. N. &amp; Fernandez-Triana, Jose L., 2019, A species-level taxonomic review and host associations of Glyptapanteles (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) with an emphasis on 136 new reared species from Costa Rica and Ecuador, pp. 1-685 in ZooKeys 890</i> on page 1, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.890.35786