Ambivalent sexism and attitudes towards breadwinner vs caregiver mothers
Creators: name: Moon, Chanki
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: The aim of the study is revealing differences in perceptions towards a mother who has taken a 3-month maternity leave (breadwinner mother) in comparison to a 3-year maternity leave (caregiver mother) and then the ambivalent sexism theory is going to be applied to predict the differences. This replication study is important because similar studies have not been conducted in the UK so it will be interesting to see if there is going to be a difference in results. This replication study is based on a recent study (Szastok, Kossowska, &amp; Pyrkosz-Pacyna, 2019). Szastok, M., Kossowska, M., &amp; Pyrkosz-Pacyna, J. (2019). Women Can’t Have It All: Benevolent Sexism Predicts Attitudes Toward Working (vs. Stay-at-Home) Mothers. Social Psychological Bulletin, 14(1), 1-17. All measures including manipulation are the same as in the previous research (Szastok et al., 2019). Measures 1) Sexism - the Ambivalent Sexism Scale (ASI, Glick &amp; Fiske, 1996) 2)Manipulations of the caregiver, working mother - participants will be assigned randomly one of the conditions as follows: Hannah is 34. She and her husband have recently become parents. Before that, she was employed as a project manager in a trade organisation. She would leave for work at 8 a.m. and come back home at 6 p.m. Sometimes, she had to work overtime or go for business trips that were few days long. After the baby was born, she took 3-year break [3-month break] from work to look after her baby. 3) Warmth and competence: Participants will indicate to what extent the female character was warm, friendly, helpful, moral, honest, good (warmth) and competent, intelligent and talented (competence; Fiske, Cuddy, &amp; Glick, 2007). 4)Parenting effectiveness : I will measure the perceived parenting effectiveness of the character with three statements: “She is a good parent”; “She will have a good relation‐ ship with her child”; “She and her child will have a strong bond” (Coleman &amp; Franiuk, 2011). 5) Job effectiveness: The perceived job effectiveness of the character will be measured with three statements: “She is a good employee”, “She will succeed in her career”, “She will be appreciated by her superiors and colleagues” (Coleman &amp; Franiuk, 2011). 6) General impression: To capture the general impression of the character, participants will be asked to indicate their general impression of the female character using a 1 (definitely unfavorable) to 7 (definitely favorable) scale. 7) Interpersonal appeal: To show their desire to interact with the female character, participants will indicate their agreement with four statements: “Would you like her to be your neighbor?”, “Would you like her to be your friend?”, “Would you like your children to be friends with hers?”, “Would you like to work with her?” (Okimoto &amp; Heilman, 2012). Sample size: the original study used N=109, but the bigger sample size will be needed for the present study to test the replication using the UK sample. ***Main hypothesis for this study: benevolent sexism will moderate attitudes toward the stay-at-home/working mother. Specifically, Participants higher in benevolent sexism will perceive the working mother as less warm and interpersonally appealing, while participants lower in benevolent sexism will evaluate them equally well mother. References Coleman, J. M., &amp; Franiuk, R. (2011). Perceptions of mothers and fathers who take temporary work leave. Sex Roles, 64(5-6), 311-323. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-010-9918-8 Fiske, S. T., Cuddy, A. J. C., &amp; Glick, P. (2007). Universal dimensions of social cognition: Warmth and competence. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11(2), 77-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2006.11.005 Glick, P., &amp; Fiske, S. T. (1996). The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory: Differentiating hostile and benevolent sexism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(3), 491-512. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.70.3.491 Okimoto, T. G., &amp; Heilman, M. E. (2012). The “Bad Parent” assumption: How gender stereotypes affect reactions to working mothers. The Journal of Social Issues, 68(4), 704-724. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.2012.01772.x Szastok, M., Kossowska, M., &amp; Pyrkosz-Pacyna, J. (2019). Women Can’t Have It All: Benevolent Sexism Predicts Attitudes Toward Working (vs. Stay-at-Home) Mothers. Social Psychological Bulletin, 14(1), 1-17.