cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Classification of Complex Systems Based on Transients
Creators: name: Hudcova, Barbora
name: Mikolov, Tomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases (nlin.CG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In order to develop systems capable of modeling artificial life, we need to identify, which systems can produce complex behavior. We present a novel classification method applicable to any class of deterministic discrete space and time dynamical systems. The method distinguishes between different asymptotic behaviors of a system's average computation time before entering a loop. When applied to elementary cellular automata, we obtain classification results, which correlate very well with Wolfram's manual classification. Further, we use it to classify 2D cellular automata to show that our technique can easily be applied to more complex models of computation. We believe this classification method can help to develop systems, in which complex structures emerge.
description: 9 pages
El valor económico del Blue Carbon en Colombia: Beneficios de la captura y almacenamiento de carbono provistos por las Áreas Marinas Protegidas
Creators: name: Zárate, Tatiana
name: Maldona, Jorge Higinio
name: Zárate, Tatiana
name: Maldona, Jorge Higinio
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Valoración económica
subject: servicios ecosistémicos
subject: Mercados de emisiones
subject: Captura y almacenamiento de carbono
subject: secuestro de carbono
subject: carbono azul
subject: carbono oceánico
subject: Cambio Climático.

description: El Subsistema de Áreas Marinas Protegidas que se está implementando en Colombia apunta a la conservación de ecosistemas marinos y costeros claves para la provisión de diversos servicios ambientales, que son la base del desarrollo de distintas actividades económicas en el país. El objetivo de este documento es valorar los servicios asociados a captura y almacenamiento de carbono oceánico –Blue Carbon- provistos por el Subsistema. A través de la construcción de una función de beneficios y la estimación de posibles escenarios futuros del precio del carbono se busca aproximar el valor monetario asociado a este servicio. Los resultados indican que el valor anual de los beneficios esperados asociados a la captura y almacenamiento de carbono, provistos por ecosistemas como manglares y pastos marinos, son significativos aunque altamente dependientes de las expectativas frente a las negociaciones sobre la extensión del Protocolo de Kyoto y las dinámicas entre oferta y demanda de los permisos de emisión; además, se encuentra que la tasa natural de pérdida de carbono de estos ecosistemas no parece tener mayor efecto sobre el valor anual de los beneficios.
Effect of dephasing on the current statistics of mesoscopic devices
Creators: name: Pala, Marco G.
name: Iannaccone, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effects of dephasing on the current statistics of mesoscopic conductors with a recently developed statistical model, focusing in particular on mesoscopic cavities and Aharonov-Bohm rings. For such devices, we analyze the influence of an arbitrary degree of decoherence on the cumulants of the current. We recover known results for the limiting cases of fully coherent and totally incoherent transport and are able to obtain detailed information on the intermediate regime of partial coherence for a varying number of open channels. We show that dephasing affects the average current, shot noise, and higher order cumulants in a quantitatively and qualitatively similar way, and that consequently shot noise or higher order cumulants of the current do not provide information on decoherence additional or complementary to what can be already obtained from the average current.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Search for electric dipole moments
Creators: name: Kirch, Klaus
name: Schmidt-Wellenburg, Philipp
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Searches for permanent electric dipole moments of fundamental particles and systems with spin are the experiments most sensitive to new CP violating physics and a top priority of a growing international community. We briefly review the current status of the field emphasizing on the charged leptons and lightest baryons.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, one table, confrence proceedings of FCCP2019 on Capri, Italy
Archived website: Darwin Core table checker
Creators: name: Mesibov, Robert
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This ZIP archive contains the January 2024 version of the "Darwin Core table checker" website, https://www.datafix.com.au/darwin-core-checker/  

Like its companion website A Data Cleaner's Cookbook, this website will help you check whether a data table is properly structured and free from formatting errors, inconsistencies, duplicates and other data headaches.

Unlike the Cookbook, the focus here is on tables with biodiversity data following the Darwin Core standard.
Removal of colour from secondary treated whole mill kraft effluent using dead aspergillus niger as a biosorbent
Creators: name: Grainger, Sarah
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The pulp and paper industry is widespread in Canada and many other countries. The effluent from this industry is generally highly coloured and typically measures are not taken to prevent or remove this colour due to prohibitory cost and, presently, lack of universal regulation. However, this does not preclude coloured effluents from impacting the public and the environment. Treatment of pulp mill effluent colour has been approached using a number of different treatment technologies, including lime, membrane filtration, oxidants and adsorption. Unfortunately, biological treatment systems commonly employed to treat pulp and paper effluents are not effective in treatment of colour. However, biological treatment using live fungal biomass, generally white rot fungi, has proven to be effective at pulp mill effluent colour removal. Additionally, biosorption treatment using any biological matter in live or dead form, has been successful in the removal of metals, textile dyes and humic acids fiom water. Nonetheless, no research has been reported on the use of dead fungal biomass on pulp mill effluent colour. As such, the present study researches the use of dead Aspergillus niger biomass for the treatment of pulp mill effluent colour. Using a batch test system approach, the present research addressed effluent characterization, pretreatment, effluent pH, biomass washing, mixing, biological inhibition, kinetic rate, isotherm, temperature, molecular weight fraction removed and practical application studies. From these studies it has been determined that autoclave-only pretreatment and initial effluent pH of 4 and 8 provided optimum colour removal. Under biologically inhibited conditions, maximum removal occurred in the first hour of biomass contact with the effluent and the kinetic models by Lagergren (1898) and Ho et al. (1996) roughly described the kinetic rate. The maximum colour removal was over 900 TCU, with a biomass doses in the range of 13-20 g/L. The equilibrium isotherms of the study fit the BET model well, which indicated, with the support of other results of the current study, that this biosorption was predominately due to physical mechanisms. In addition, the application of the biomass in a batch activated sludge process did remove colour.
Energy-time entanglement preservation in plasmon-assisted light transmission
Creators: name: Fasel, Sylvain
name: Gisin, Nicolas
name: Zbinden, Hugo
name: Erni, Daniel
name: Moreno, Esteban
name: Robin, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on experimental evidences of the preservation of energy-time entanglement for extraordinary plasmonic light transmission through sub-wavelength metallic hole arrays, and for long range surface plasmon polaritons. Plasmons are shown to coherently exist at two different times separated by much more than the plasmons lifetime. This kind of entanglement involving light and matter is expected to be useful for future processing and storing of quantum information.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Petróleo y desarrollo: Efectos en la acumulación y destrucción de capital humano de los municipios de Colombia
Creators: name: Herrera, Juan Camilo
name: Herrera, Juan Camilo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Capital humano
subject: institucionalidad
subject: maldición de los recursos
subject: municipios
subject: petróleo

description: La literatura económica ha documentado un panorama pesimista para los países en desarrollo que han explotado recursos naturales de alto valor agregado, no obstante nueva evidencia refuta este postulado y ofrece nuevas perspectivas. En línea con esto, a partir de un panel para la primera década del 2000 el objetivo de este artículo es encontrar el impacto que tuvo la producción de petróleo en la acumulación y destrucción de capital humano de los municipios de Colombia, condicional a su calidad institucional. La estrategia de identificación consistió en un modelo de MC2E con VI, en el cual la primera etapa consta de tres ecuaciones simultáneas cuyos instrumentos reflejan la probabilidad del municipio de producir petróleo en función de las actividades de exploración de hidrocarburos, y la institucionalidad en función de la distancia a los centros económicos del país. Se encontró que la producción de petróleo exacerba la destrucción de capital humano de los municipios, ya que la tasa de homicidios y la tasa de ataques armados por cien mil habitantes aumentan en promedio 0.02 ambas por cada 1% que aumente la producción de petróleo, y el desempeño fiscal del municipio como variable institucional ejerce un efecto exiguo para reversar estos resultados. En cambio, para la acumulación de capital humano de los municipios no se observó ningún efecto a causa de la producción de petróleo.
Supplementary Figures from Foraging movements are density-independent among straw-coloured fruit bats
Creators: name: Calderón-Capote, María C.
name: Dechmann, Dina K. N.
name: Fahr, Jakob
name: Wikelski, Martin
name: Kays, Roland
name: M. Teague O'Mara
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Intraspecific competition in large aggregations of animals should generate density-dependent effects on foraging patterns. To test how large differences in colony size affect foraging movements, we tracked seasonal movements of the African straw-coloured fruit bat (Eidolon helvum) from four colonies that range from 4000 up to 10 million animals. Contrary to initial predictions, we found that mean distance flown per night (9–99 km), number of nightly foraging sites (2–3) and foraging and commuting times were largely independent of colony size. Bats showed classic central-place foraging and typically returned to the same day roost each night. However, roost switching was evident among individuals in three of the four colonies especially towards the onset of migration. The relatively consistent foraging patterns across seasons and colonies indicate that these bats seek out roosts close to highly productive landscapes. Once foraging effort starts to increase due to local resource depletion they migrate to landscapes with seasonally increasing resources. This minimizes high intraspecific competition and may help to explain why long-distance migration, otherwise rare in bats, evolved in this highly gregarious species.
Robust topological Hall effect driven by tunable noncoplanar magnetic state in Mn-Pt-In inverse tetragonal Heusler alloys
Creators: name: Giri, Bimalesh
name: Mallick, Arif Iqbal
name: Singh, Charanpreet
name: Madduri, P. V. Prakash
name: Damay, Françoise
name: Alam, Aftab
name: Nayak, Ajaya K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Manipulation of magnetic ground states by effective control of competing magnetic interactions has led to the finding of many exotic magnetic states. In this direction, the tetragonal Heusler compounds consisting of multiple magnetic sublattices and crystal symmetry favoring chiral Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) provide an ideal base to realize non-trivial magnetic structures. Here, we present the observation of a large robust topological Hall effect (THE) in the multi-sublattice Mn$_{2-x}$PtIn Heusler magnets. The topological Hall resistivity, which originates from the non-vanishing real space Berry curvature in the presence of non-zero scalar spin chirality, systematically decreases with decreasing the magnitude of the canting angle of the magnetic moments at different sublattices. With help of first principle calculations, magnetic and neutron diffraction measurements, we establish that the presence of a tunable non-coplanar magnetic structure arising from the competing Heisenberg exchanges and chiral DMI from the D$_{2d}$ symmetry structure is responsible for the observed THE. The robustness of the THE with respect to the degree of non-collinearity adds up a new degree of freedom for designing THE based spintronic devices.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
¿Qué tanto los hogares colombianos conocen y valoran las áreas marinas protegidas? Valoración económica usando experimentos de elección
Creators: name: Montañez, Ana María
name: Maldonado, Jorge Higinio
name: Montañez, Ana María
name: Maldonado, Jorge Higinio
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Experimentos de elección
subject: Valoración Económica Total
subject: Preferencias Declaradas
subject: Valor de No Uso.

description: El establecimiento de Áreas Marinas Protegidas se ha definido como la principal herramienta para la protección y conservación de los ecosistemas marinos y costeros. Dentro de los beneficios que ofrece el establecimiento de estas áreas se encuentran aumentos en la biodiversidad de especies, en las posibilidades turísticas y en la abundancia de especies destinadas a la pesca, entre otras. Este estudio tiene como objetivo estimar el valor que los hogares atribuyen a un incremento del subsistema de Áreas Marinas Protegidas en Colombia. Para cumplir con este objetivo, se emplea la metodología de experimentos de elección (choice experiments), en la cual se valoran los atributos de protección de ecosistemas, destinos turísticos y condiciones de las comunidades locales de pescadores. Los resultados muestran que aunque el conocimiento generalizado de los hogares sobre áreas marinas protegidas es bajo, ellos están dispuestos a pagar por la ampliación de estas áreas. Asociado a valores de opción y de existencia, la mayoría de los hogares colombianos desea que estas áreas marinas perduren para futuras generaciones. Los resultados muestran que el tener niveles bajos de ingreso, vivir en una ciudad costera y el hecho de no conocer el mar, generan que la disponibilidad a pagar como proporción del ingreso sea mayor. Finalmente, el estudio muestra que las autoridades ambientales contarían con una alta aceptabilidad por parte de los hogares para la ampliación del subsistema de áreas marinas protegidas si se garantizan las condiciones de las comunidades locales.
Asymptotic States in Two Black Hole Moduli Space
Creators: name: Sakamoto, Kenji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the quantum states in the moduli space, which constructed with maximally charged dilaton black holes. Considering the quantum mechanics in the moduli space, we obtain the asymptotic states for the near-coincident black holes and the widely separated black holes. We study the scattering process of the dilaton black holes with the asymptotic states. In the scattering process, the quantum effects in the black hole moduli space are investigated.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures, REVTeX4
Kinetic theory for spin-1/2 particles in ultra-strong magnetic fields
Creators: name: Al-Naseri, Haidar
name: Zamanian, Jens
name: Ekman, Robin
name: Brodin, Gert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When the Zeeman energy approaches the characteristic kinetic energy of electrons, Landau quantization becomes important. In the vicinity of magnetars, the Zeeman energy can even be relativistic. We start from the Dirac equation and derive a kinetic equation for electrons, focusing on the phenomenon of Landau quantization in such ultra-strong but constant magnetic fields, neglecting short-scale quantum phenomena. It turns out that the usual relativistic gamma factor of the Vlasov equation is replaced by an energy operator, depending on the spin state, and also containing momentum derivatives. Furthermore, we show that the energy eigenstates in a magnetic field can be computed as eigenfunctions of this operator. The dispersion relation for electrostatic waves in a plasma is computed, and the significance of our results is discussed.
Linear Accelerating Superluminal Motion Model
Creators: name: Zhou, J. F.
name: Zheng, C.
name: Li, T. P.
name: Su, Y.
name: Venturi, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accelerating superluminal motions were detected recently by multi-epoch Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations. Here, a Linear Accelerating Superluminal Motion (LASM) model is proposed to interpret the observed phenomena. The model provides a direct and accurate way to estimate the viewing angle of a relativistic jet. It also predicts that both Doppler boosting and deboosting effects may take place in an accelerating forward jet. The LASM model is applied to the data of the quasar 3C 273, and the initial velocity, acceleration and viewing angle of its three components are derived through model fits. The variations of the viewing angle suggest that a supermassive black hole binary system may exist in the center of 3C273. The gap between the inner and outer jet in some radio loud AGNs my be explained in terms of Doppler deboosting effects when the components accelerate to ultra-relativistic speed.
description: 12 Pages, 3 Figues, 1 Table, Accepted for Publication by ApJ Letter
Fixed- and real-time dairy manure treatment and experiments on digestion and phosphorus recovery
Creators: name: Qureshi, Asif
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: A combined approach of biological treatment, solids digestion and nutrient recovery was tested on dairy manure. A total of three different sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were studied. The first one, that employed mechanical mixing, was operated in three modes, in order to optimize nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) removals. The highest average removal efficiencies of 91% for NH₄-N, 59% for P0₄-P and 80% for total COD were achieved. Staining experiments suggested the coexistence of glycogen and phosphorus accumulating organisms. Anaerobic digestion of biosolids wasted from this reactor was able to produce a P0₄-P concentration of 70 mg/L in the supernatant. The second SBR employed gas-mixing, where the contents of the SBR were kept mixed by anoxic recirculation and air circulation in the anoxic and aerobic stages, respectively. The reactor showed interesting results, suggesting a relationship between nitrification and oxidation reduction potential (ORP). Little to no nitrification was observed when low ORP values of about -250 mV to -280 mV were encountered in the aerobic phase. The deterioration and re-establishment of nitrification appeared to be in relation to the ORP values being below or above ORP values, in the order of 0 mV. The third pilot-scale SBR used real-time control strategies for controlling cycle times. It was designed to detect the end of nitrification, which coincides with the disappearance of ammonical-nitrogen (NH₄-N) from the mixed liquor of the reactor. It was found that the reactor gave> 99% NH₄-N treatment efficiency for most of the study period, even when the operating conditions were not steady. The reactor, however, gave high (80-90%) orthophosphate-phosphorus (P0₄-P) removals only when the feed conditions reached a relatively steady state. A pilot scale experiment, designed to recover phosphorus (as struvite, magnesium ammonium phosphate) in the supernatant obtained from acetate treatment ofbiosolids wasted from this SBR, was able to remove 82% of soluble P0₄-P.
Conflictos asociados al uso del suelo: una aproximación al área de conservación óptima en el Páramo de Santurbán
Creators: name: Calderón, Laura
name: Calderón, Laura
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: Los servicios ecosistémicos que prestan los páramos no cuentan con un precio de mercado y como consecuencia la asignación del uso del suelo en estos ecosistemas resulta ineficiente. En este artículo se estudia el caso del Páramo de Santurbán usando un enfoque de optimización dinámica para analizar las decisiones óptimas de uso del suelo, contemplando tres usos excluyentes del mismo: conservación, agricultura y minería. Se encuentra que incluir el valor de los servicios ecosistémicos en las decisiones de uso del suelo hace que resulte óptimo conservar por lo menos el 74% del área del páramo y que tener en cuenta potenciales externalidades negativas de la minería aumenta el área óptima a conservar y a dedicar a actividades agrícolas, mientras que el área óptima de extracción minera disminuye en más del 75%.
Witnessing the non-classical nature of gravity in the presence of unknown interactions
Creators: name: Chevalier, Hadrien
name: Paige, A. J.
name: Kim, M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: General relativity as a classical field theory does not predict gravitationally induced entanglement, as such, recent proposals seek an empirical demonstration of this feature which would represent a significant milestone for physics. We introduce improvements to a spin witness protocol that reduce the highly challenging experimental requirements. After rigorously assessing approximations from the original proposal [S. Bose et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 240401 (2017)], we focus on entanglement witnessing. We propose a new witness which greatly reduces the required interaction time, thereby making the experiment feasible for higher decoherence rates, and we show how statistical analysis can separate the gravitational contribution from other possibly dominant and ill-known interactions. We point out a potential loophole and show how it can be closed using state tomography.
Spherical birational sheets in reductive groups
Creators: name: Ambrosio, Filippo
name: Costantini, Mauro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20G20 (Primary) 14M27 (Secondary)

description: We classify the spherical birational sheets in a complex simple simply-connected algebraic group. We use the classification to show that, when $G$ is a connected reductive complex algebraic group with simply-connected derived subgroup, two conjugacy classes $\mathcal{O}_1$, $\mathcal{O}_2$ of $G$ lie in the same birational sheet, up to a shift by a central element of $G$, if and only if the coordinate rings of $\mathcal{O}_1$ and $\mathcal{O}_2$ are isomorphic as $G$-modules. As a consequence, we prove a conjecture of Losev for the spherical subvariety of the Lie algebra of $G$.
description: 29 pages
Productividad agrícola de la mujer rural en Colombia: ¿restricciones o decisiones?
Creators: name: Zuluaga, Daniela
name: Zuluaga, Daniela
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Agricultura
subject: Colombia
subject: ELCA
subject: género
subject: productividad agrícola

description: Este documento compara productividades agrícolas entre hombres y mujeres en zonas rurales de Colombia, explicando las posibles causas de la brecha productiva entre ambos grupos. Con datos de la Encuesta Longitudinal Colombiana de La Universidad de los Andes-ELCA en 2010, se estiman diferencias de género en la productividad agrícola en 4 subregiones de Colombia (Atlántica Media, Cundí-Boyacense, Eje Cafetero y Centro Oriental). Los resultados muestran que los hogares cuyo agricultor principal es un hombre son más productivos que los hogares cuyo agricultor principal es una mujer. Mediante un análisis de mediación se encuentra que las diferencias en productividades agrícolas entre hombres y mujeres están relacionadas con diferencias en el uso de fertilizantes, maquinaria agrícola, asistencia técnica y nivel de autoconsumo del hogar.
الاستفادة تجارياً من الموارد النباتية الطبيعية: القبار نموذجاً
Creators: name: Babili, Mahmoud
name: Babili, Mahmoud
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Production Economics
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: القبار، سوريا، الصادرات

description: Caper spreads widely in the MENA countries, particularly in Syria. About 60 countries trade capers, and the annual growth rate of caper trade is about 6%. Major exporting countries are Turkey, Lebanon, Morocco, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Syria. The price of I Kg caper ready for consumption is about US$ 25 in the USA markets. Syria’s production of caper in 2006 was estimated at 4,000 tons, and formal statistics show that Syria had exported different amounts of caper products before 2007. Caper exportation was oriented towards “preserved-temporarily”, a form that is not suitable for immediate consumption. The relative unite value (RUV) for each product is calculated as the average value of Syrian export unit divided on the average value of international export unit. The reference point or the average of RUV is 1, and if the index reached 1.15 or above, this would mean high level of quality competitiveness. Using the ITC (International Trade Center) database, we found that RUV for Syrian exports of caper preserved temporarily had increased, thus exceeding 1 even during the years of war imposed on Syria. On the other hand, the revealed comparative advantage (RCA) index shows whether the performance of a given exported commodity is higher than other exported commodities in terms of its share in international markets. Thus, if a commodity has a good share in international markets – to be divided on the share of the total Syrian exports in international markets, it can be considered that it has comparative advantage. Applying this index on Syrian caper’s exports of the ITC database, we find that the Syrian caper has a very good comparative advantage. The above findings emphasize the importance of caper, and the urgent need to benefit from it commercially. However, the big gap between the export unit value of caper preserved temporarily and caper ready for consumption must not be ignored; this gap reaches US$ 25 – US$ 45, which highlights the urgent need to export caper as a final product rather than preserved temporarily, thus benefiting from the added value of the processing stages.
The physical gravitational degrees of freedom
Creators: name: Anderson, Edward
name: Barbour, Julian
name: Foster, Brendan Z.
name: Kelleher, Bryan
name: Murchadha, Niall Ó
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When constructing general relativity (GR), Einstein required 4D general covariance. In contrast, we derive GR (in the compact, without boundary case) as a theory of evolving 3-dimensional conformal Riemannian geometries obtained by imposing two general principles: 1) time is derived from change; 2) motion and size are relative. We write down an explicit action based on them. We obtain not only GR in the CMC gauge, in its Hamiltonian 3 + 1 reformulation but also all the equations used in York's conformal technique for solving the initial-value problem. This shows that the independent gravitational degrees of freedom obtained by York do not arise from a gauge fixing but from hitherto unrecognized fundamental symmetry principles. They can therefore be identified as the long-sought Hamiltonian physical gravitational degrees of freedom.
description: Replaced with published version (minor changes and added references)
RIPANS-Mizoram Conference Full Paper.pdf
Creators: name: Bora, Nilutpal Sharma
name: Bibhuti Bhusan Kakoti
name: Sudarshana Bora
name: Gogoi, Barnali
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 111504 Pharmaceutical Sciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111599 Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Calamus leptospadix Griff. belonging to family Arecaceae, isan important ethnomedicinal plant of Assam. Locally known as Lejaibet by the local Assamese community and is being wildly used by various communities in Assam. No detailed study or reports along with scientific evidence are availablewith this important plant. It is distributed in Bangladesh, Bhutan, north-eastern India, Myanmar (Kachin) and Nepal; mostly found on lowlands or mountain rainforests along river margins to 1300 m elevation. It is used in fever, piles, dyspepsia, biliousness; and as antiseptic, anti-bacterial and also used externally for cuts, burns, bruises, scalds. It is necessary to authenticate the information available on this plant since it is used as a therapeutic agent. Therefore the objective of this study is to evaluate the in-vitro antioxidant activity of the young shoots of Calamus leptospadix Griff. The evaluation of the antioxidant activity was established for the methanolic extract of the plant. The methanolic extract of the drug was evaluated for in vitro antioxidant activities using DPPH, Hydroxyl radical, Nitric oxide radical, reducing power ability and estimation of total phenolic and total flavonoid content. The methanolic extract of Calamus leptospadix showed a strong hydrogen donating capacity and can powerfully scavenge DPPH radical with an IC50 value of 29.21μg/ ml, whereas IC50 value of the standard drug was found to be 17.37 μg/ml.
Dynamics and Thermodynamics of a model with long-range interactions
Creators: name: Pluchino, Alessandro
name: Latora, Vito
name: Rapisarda, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamics and the thermodynamics of particles/spins interacting via long-range forces display several unusual features with respect to systems with short-range interactions. The Hamiltonian Mean Field (HMF) model, a Hamiltonian system of N classical inertial spins with infinite-range interactions represents a paradigmatic example of this class of systems. The equilibrium properties of the model can be derived analytically in the canonical ensemble: in particular the model shows a second order phase transition from a ferromagnetic to a paramagnetic phase. Strong anomalies are observed in the process of relaxation towards equilibrium for a particular class of out-of-equilibrium initial conditions. In fact the numerical simulations show the presence of quasi-stationary state (QSS), i.e. metastable states which become stable if the thermodynamic limit is taken before the infinite time limit. The QSS differ strongly from Boltzmann-Gibbs equilibrium states: they exhibit negative specific heat, vanishing Lyapunov exponents and weak mixing, non-Gaussian velocity distributions and anomalous diffusion, slowly-decaying correlations and aging. Such a scenario provides strong hints for the possible application of Tsallis generalized thermostatistics. The QSS have been recently interpreted as a spin-glass phase of the model. This link indicates another promising line of research, which is not alternative to the previous one.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures. Recent review paper for Continuum Mechanics and Thermodynamics
Spectroscopy of Heavy Quarkonia
Creators: name: Stoeck, Holger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the last years, the CLEO III experiment has recorded a large collection of data sets at the Y(1S), Y(2S), Y(3S) and psi(2S) resonances. Preliminary results of studies of these data sets are shown here, which include the observation of a new Y(1D) state, as well as several hadronic and radiative transitions of Y and psi(2S) states. In addition, precision branching ratio measurements of charmonium and bottomonium states and recent developments involving the eta_c(2S) and X(3872) states are presented.
description: 4 pages, To appear in the proceedings of 6th International Conference on Hyperons, Charm and Beauty Hadrons (BEACH 2004), Chicago, USA, 28 June - 3 July 2004
Portschinskia przewalskyi
Creators: name: Li, Xin-Yu
name: Pape, Thomas
name: Zhang, Dong
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Oestridae
Portschinskia
Portschinskia przewalskyi

description: PORTSCHINSKIA PRZEWALSKYI (PORTSCHINSKY, 1887)
Microcephalus przewalskyi Portschinsky, 1887: 9. Type locality: China: Qinghai, Burchan-Budda Mountains (as ‘Asia media, Burchan-Budda’).
Microcephalus przewalsky: Portschinsky (1887: 14, as ‘ M. Przewalsky ’); incorrect original spelling of Microcephalus przewalskyi Portschinsky, 1887.
Portschinskia przewalskii: Semenov (1902: 53); erroneous subsequent spelling of Microcephalus przewalskyi Portschinsky, 1887.
Portschinskia przewalskyi: Grunin (1965: 54); Zumpt (1965: 192); Pont (1973: 701); Soós & Minář (1986: 246); Colwell et al. (2006: 262).
Diagnosis: Antennal pedicel broader than long. Hair-like setae on frons and facial ridge yellow. Abdomen in male with yellow setae anteriorly, black setae in the middle and reddish setae posteriorly, and in female the abdomen with black setae anteriorly and reddish setae on last two segments. Wing hyaline. Male abdominal sternite 5 nearly oval.
Redescription: Male: Body length 17–19 mm; wing length and width 14.5 mm × 4.8 mm (N = 2). Large compound eye, height relative to head ≥ 1/2. Antennal pedicel broader than long, with a concavity in the middle of the terminal margin (Fig. 6B). Width of frons ~2/7 width of head in dorsal view. Hair-like setae on frons, facial ridge, presutural area of scutum, anepisternum, postalar callus and scutellum yellow, on postpronotal lobe mainly black, or with sporadic yellow setae (Figs 2B, 4B, 6B), on meron a mixture of yellow and brown. Abdomen with yellow setae anteriorly, black setae in the middle and reddish setae posteriorly. Wing hyaline; vein M strongly curved at the level of dm-cu; cell r 4 + 5 closed with a short petiole (Fig. 10B). Male abdominal sternite 5 oval, broadened in the middle, making lateral margins distinctly convex and arc shaped (Grunin, 1965: fig. 67). Male cerci moderately flattened, with basal part strongly swollen (Grunin, 1965: fig. 66).
Female: Differing from the male as follows: body length 19 mm; wing length and width 16.1 mm × 5.0 mm (N = 1). Width of frons ~1/2 width of head in dorsal view. Abdomen with black setae anteriorly and reddish setae on last two segments.
Type material examined: Holotype of Microcephalus przewalskyi: ♂, CHINA: Qinghai Province, Burchan-Budda Mountains, 4250 m, [no date], N. M. Przewalsky leg. (ZIN).
Additional material examined: CHINA: one ♂ [terminalia missing], Qinghai Province, Chatu Gorge in Burchan-Budda Mountains, 3300 m, June 1901, P. Koslow leg. (ZIN); one ♀ [terminalia missing], Qinghai Province, upper Yellow River, June 1900, P. Koslow leg. (ZIN).
description: Published as part of Li, Xin-Yu, Pape, Thomas & Zhang, Dong, 2020, Taxonomy, phylogeny and evolution of the bumblebee bot flies (Oestridae: Hypodermatinae: Portschinskia), pp. 942-973 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190 (3) on pages 962-963, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz176, http://zenodo.org/record/14858401
Using Isolates Endophytic Trichoderma spp., for the Panamá disease biocontrol (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense) race 1 in Gros Michel (AAA) cropper of banana vitro-plants with greenhouse conditions
Creators: name: Caballero Hernández, Alvaro José
name: Enamorado, Luis Ernesto Pocasangre
name: Casanoves, Fernando
name: Avelino, Jacques
name: Fernandez, Ana Cecilia Tapia
name: Ortiz, Juan Luis
name: Caballero Hernández, Alvaro José
name: Enamorado, Luis Ernesto Pocasangre
name: Casanoves, Fernando
name: Avelino, Jacques
name: Fernandez, Ana Cecilia Tapia
name: Ortiz, Juan Luis
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense
subject: Panama disease
subject: banana
subject: Gros Michel (AAA)
subject: endophytic fungus
subject: biological control
subject: Trichoderma spp

description: The objective of this research was to select isolates of endophytic fungi of Trichoderma spp., for the biocontrol of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 1. We evaluated the three most pathogenic isolates FOC2, FOC4, FOC8 cryobank obtained from the Laboratory of Plant Pathology and Nematology at CATIE, in a test of antibiosis and then proceeded to test twenty biocontrol isolates of Trichoderma spp., and two isolates FOC4 and FOC2 in vitroplants of banana Gros Michel (AAA) under greenhouse conditions. Through the Coculture technique twenty endophytic fungi inhibited radial growth of Foc up to 53, 46% in comparison with reference control. In the bioassay of Biocontrol, most treatments showed the first symptoms after the third week. Protected plants with endophytic fungi delayed the appereance of the disease until the fourth week. The results showed that endophytic fungi showed a small percentage of incidence being the TJ5 who excelled with the lowest percentage of 37,5%, without showing any symptoms absolute control. Also TC9 endophytic fungi, TP3 and TCL1 reduced from 92% to 90% external symptoms, compared to reference control. Corm internal symptoms were reduced to74% by the endophytic fungus TC9. Additionally it was found that protected plants endophytic fungi in promoting growth in the variables of foliage weight and root weight.
description: This paper was submitted on the first national congress of Sustainable Agriculture: Today and future life towards climate change, 25-26 August 2011,UNA Nicaragua.
From the help desk: Bootstrapped standard errors
Creators: name: Guan, Weihua
name: Guan, Weihua
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: bootstrap
subject: cluster
subject: nl
subject: instrumental variables

description: Bootstrapping is a nonparametric approach for evaluating the distribution of a statistic based on random resampling. This article illustrates the bootstrap as an alternative method for estimating the standard errors when the theoretical calculation is complicated or not available in the current software.
Joint VLBA/VLTI Observations of the Mira Variable S Orionis
Creators: name: Boboltz, D. A.
name: Wittkowski, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first coordinated VLBA/VLTI measurements of the stellar diameter and circumstellar atmosphere of a Mira variable star. Observations of the v=1, J=1-0 (43.1 GHz) and v=2, J=1-0 (42.8 GHz) SiO maser emission toward the Mira variable S Ori were conducted using the VLBA. Coordinated near-infrared K-band measurements of the stellar diameter were performed using VLTI/VINCI closely spaced in time to the VLBA observations. Analysis of the SiO maser data recorded at a visual variability phase 0.73 show the average distance of the masers from the center of the distribution to be 9.4 mas for the v=1 masers and 8.8 mas for the v=2 masers. The velocity structure of the SiO masers appears to be random with no significant indication of global expansion/infall or rotation. The determined near-infrared, K-band, uniform disk (UD) diameters decreased from ~10.5 mas at phase 0.80 to ~10.2 mas at phase 0.95. For the epoch of our VLBA measurements, an extrapolated UD diameter of Theta_{UD}^K=10.8 +/- 0.3 mas was obtained, corresponding to a linear radius R_{UD}^K = 2.3 +/- 0.5 AU or 490 +/- 115 solar radii. Our coordinated VLBA/VLTI measurements show that the masers lie relatively close to the stellar photosphere at a distance of ~2 photospheric radii, consistent with model estimates. This result is virtually free of the usual uncertainty inherent in comparing observations of variable stars widely separated in time and stellar phase.
description: ApJ accepted; 24 pages, 5 figures
O'ZBEK VA INGLIZ TILLARIDAGI MAMLAKATSHUNOSLIK TERMINLARINING LEKSIK-SEMANTIK VA LINGVOMADANIY QIYOSI
Creators: name: Tairova, Maxfuza
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Mazkur maqolada o‘zbek va ingliz tillaridagi mamlakatshunoslik terminlarining leksik-semantik va lingvomadaniy o‘ziga xosliklari qiyosiy tahlil qilinadi. Mamlakatshunoslik terminlari milliy madaniyat, tarix, siyosiy tuzum va ijtimoiy muhit bilan uzviy bog‘liq bo‘lib, ular lingvistik tadqiqotlarda alohida o‘rin tutadi. Ushbu maqolada terminlarning kelib chiqishi, shakllanish jarayonlari, milliy va madaniy xususiyatlari, leksik-semantik qiyoslash usullari hamda tarjima jarayonida yuzaga keladigan muammolar ko‘rib chiqiladi. Shuningdek, bunday terminlarni o‘qitish, tarjima qilish va amaliy qo‘llashda lingvomadaniy faktorlarning ahamiyati yoritiladi. Olingan natijalar lingvistik, madaniyatshunoslik va tarjimashunoslik sohalariga doir ilmiy izlanishlar uchun muhim nazariy va amaliy ahamiyatga ega.
Contact resistance extraction of graphene FET technologies based on individual device characterization
Creators: name: Pacheco-Sanchez, Anibal
name: Feijoo, Pedro C.
name: Jiménez, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Straightforward contact resistance extraction methods based on electrical device characteristics are described and applied here to graphene field-effect transistors from different technologies. The methods are an educated adaptation of extraction procedures originally developed for conventional transistors by exploiting the drift-diffusion-like transport in graphene devices under certain bias conditions. In contrast to other available approaches for contact resistance extraction of graphene transistors, the practical methods used here do not require either the fabrication of dedicated test structures or internal device phenomena characterization. The methodologies are evaluated with simulation-based data and applied to fabricated devices. The extracted values are close to the ones obtained with other more intricate methodologies. Bias-dependent contact and channel resistances studies, bias-dependent high-frequency performance studies and contact engineering studies are enhanced and evaluated by the extracted contact resistance values.
The isolated elliptical NGC 4555 observed with Chandra
Creators: name: O'Sullivan, E.
name: Ponman, T. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present analysis of a Chandra observation of the elliptical galaxy NGC 4555. The galaxy lies in a very low density environment, either isolated from all galaxies of similar mass or on the outskirts of a group. Despite this, NGC 4555 has a large gaseous halo, extending to ~60 kpc. We find the mean gas temperature to be ~0.95 keV and the Iron abundance to be ~0.5 solar. We model the surface brightness, temperature and abundance distribution of the halo and use these results to estimate parameters such as the entropy and cooling time of the gas, and the total gravitational mass of the galaxy. In contrast to recent results showing that moderate luminosity ellipticals contain relatively small quantities of dark matter, our results show that NGC 4555 has a massive dark halo and large mass-to-light ratio (56.8 [+34.2,-35.8] solar at 50 kpc, 42.7 [+14.6,-21.2] solar at 5 effective radii, 1 sigma errors). We discuss this disparity and consider possible mechanisms by which galaxies might reduce their dark matter content.
description: 10 pages, 7 postscript figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Spatio-temporal structures in sheared polymer systems
Creators: name: Furukawa, Akira
name: Onuki, Akira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate spatio-temporal structures in sheared polymer systems by solving a time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau model in two dimensions. (i) In polymer solutions above the coexistence curve, crossover from linear to nonlinear regimes occurs with increasing the shear rate. In the nonlinear regime the solution behaves chaotically with large-amplitude composition fluctuations. A characteristic heterogeneity length is calculated in the nonlinear regime. (ii) We also study dynamics of shear-band structures in wormlike micellar solutions under the condition of fixed stress. The average shear rate exhibits large temporal fluctuations with occurrence of large disturbances in the spatial structures.
description: 16pages, 10figures, to be published in Physica D
Speaking Stata: On structure and shape: the case of multiple responses
Creators: name: Cox, Nicholas J.
name: Kohler, Ulrich
name: Cox, Nicholas J.
name: Kohler, Ulrich
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: composite variables
subject: concatenation
subject: egen
subject: foreach
subject: forvalues
subject: graphics
subject: indicator variables
subject: multiple responses
subject: reshape
subject: split
subject: string functions
subject: tabulations

description: A frequent problem in data management is that datasets may not arrive in the best structure for many analyses, so that it may be necessary to restructure the data in some way. The particular case of multiple response data is discussed at length, with special attention to different possible structures; the generation of new variables holding the data in different form; valuable inbuilt string and egen functions; using foreach and forvalues to loop over lists; and the use of the reshape command. Tabulations and graphics for such data are also reviewed briefly.