cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Productive and efficient computational science through domain-specific abstractions
Creators: name: Rathgeber, Florian
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: In an ideal world, scientific applications are computationally efficient, maintainable and composable and allow scientists to work very productively. We argue that these goals are achievable for a specific application field by choosing suitable domain-specific abstractions that encapsulate domain knowledge with a high degree of expressiveness. This thesis demonstrates the design and composition of domain-specific abstractions by abstracting the stages a scientist goes through in formulating a problem of numerically solving a partial differential equation. Domain knowledge is used to transform this problem into a different, lower level representation and decompose it into parts which can be solved using existing tools. A system for the portable solution of partial differential equations using the finite element method on unstructured meshes is formulated, in which contributions from different scientific communities are composed to solve sophisticated problems. The concrete implementations of these domain-specific abstractions are Firedrake and PyOP2. Firedrake allows scientists to describe variational forms and discretisations for linear and non-linear finite element problems symbolically, in a notation very close to their mathematical models. PyOP2 abstracts the performance-portable parallel execution of local computations over the mesh on a range of hardware architectures, targeting multi-core CPUs, GPUs and accelerators. Thereby, a separation of concerns is achieved, in which Firedrake encapsulates domain knowledge about the finite element method separately from its efficient parallel execution in PyOP2, which in turn is completely agnostic to the higher abstraction layer. As a consequence of the composability of those abstractions, optimised implementations for different hardware architectures can be automatically generated without any changes to a single high-level source. Performance matches or exceeds what is realistically attainable by hand-written code. Firedrake and PyOP2 are combined to form a tool chain that is demonstrated to be competitive with or faster than available alternatives on a wide range of different finite element problems.
Oral history interview with Samir Amin, 2002
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Economists
Nationalism--Egypt
National liberation movements--Africa
Transnationalism
Economic development
Capitalism
Socialism
Balance of power
Geopolitics

description: Born 1931 in Egypt; education: advanced studies at Sciences-Po and l'Institut National des Statistiques et Etudes Economiques, Paris; doctorate in economics, 1957; career: involvement in French Communist party, return to Egypt in 1957 to work in public sector management, term at Finance Ministry's Economic and Financial Studies Office (SEEF), ministry of planning in Bamako, 1960-1963; teaching appointments at university in Dakar and Vincennes (Paris VIII, Saint-Denis); director of U.N. African Institute for Economic Development and Planning (IDEP) 1970-1980; involvement with Environmental Development in the Third World (ENDA), Council for Development of Economic and Social Research in Africa (CODESRIA), director of African office of Third World Forum (Forum du Tiers Monde); themes: "developmentalism," nationalist activity in 1950s Egypt, African liberation movements, involvement in Algerian movements of 1970s, United Nations developments (focus 1955-1975), critique of transnationalism, view on US hegemonistic strategy, development from capitalism to socialism; formation of Third World Forum, role of Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA)
Wake impacting on a horizontal axis wind turbine
Creators: name: Hankin, David
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: Offshore wind is set to contribute a significant portion of the UK’s renewable energy production. In order to achieve this, installation costs must be reduced and energy density optimised, but this must be balanced with the increase in maintenance costs resulting from fatigue due to wake impact. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the effects of horizontal axis wind turbine wake impact on a downstream rotor. A force-free wake implementation of the unsteady vortex lattice method has been developed in order to simulate the flow around the downstream rotor, including the effects of an upstream rotor wake, uncorrelated wind field and the dynamic inflow response of the turbine wake. In addition, a series of wind tunnel experiments were undertaken to characterise the wake of a horizontal axis wind turbine and measure time histories of the turbine thrust and blade root bending moments in uniform and turbulent inflow and upstream rotor wake impact. Comparisons are made between the model and wind tunnel experiments for a range of flow cases: uniform inflow, turbulent inflow and operation in an upstream rotor wake at varying degrees of lateral offset. The upstream flow field is modelled on a Cartesian grid, following the assumption of frozen turbulence. For both the turbulent flow and upstream rotor wake, a simplified model is used as a starting point and then refined to better model the effect of turbulence. Ambient turbulence is found to have minimal impact on the mean response of the rotor, suggesting that a linearised approach can be taken in the numerical modelling of turbulence effects. The simple model better predicts the low frequency response, but does not capture the per revolution frequencies identified by the refined model, which also better predicts the admittance. The response of the rotor to an aligned upstream rotor wake is found to be dominated by the wake turbulence, although the proposed model does not reproduce the measured response. However, for laterally offset upstream rotor wakes the mean velocity deficit is the dominant factor and the model captures the response, including the shift to higher bending moment cycles which will contribute to increased fatigue.
Evidence for non-Gaussianity in the COBE DMR Four Year Sky Maps
Creators: name: Ferreira, Pedro G.
name: Magueijo, Joao
name: Górski, Krzysztof M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce and study the distribution of an estimator for the normalized bispectrum of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) anisotropy. We use it to construct a goodness of fit statistic to test the coadded 53 and 90 GHz COBE-DMR 4 year maps for non-Gaussianity. Our results indicate that Gaussianity is ruled out at the confidence level in excess of 98%. This value is a lower bound, given all the investigated systematics. The dominant non-Gaussian contribution is found near the multipole of order $\ell=16$. Our attempts to explain this effect as caused by the diffuse foreground emission from the Galaxy have failed. We conclude that unless there exists a microwave foreground emission which spatially correlates neither with the DIRBE nor Haslam maps, the cosmological CMB anisotropy is genuinely non-Gaussian.
description: 16 pages, 3 figs uses aasms4.tex, revised and accepted to Ap. J. Lett
Oral history interview with Samuel Katz 1997
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Seismology--Research

description: Childhood: son of diamond merchant, Berlin, Germany; Antwerp, Belgium; the Bronx, New York; City College of New York, physics, 1939-1941; University of Michigan, physics, 1941-1943; research at radiation lab, University of Michigan, 1943-1945; Columbia University, physics, 1945-1947; cruise to Cuba, seismology readings, 1953; association with Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory [Lamont], 1950; discovery of third layer in ocean floor; doctoral thesis on marine refraction seismology, 1953; icesheet and seismology research, Lake Superior; pressures research, Stanford Research Institute, 1953-1955; professor and chairman, department of geophysics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute [RPI], 1956; reminiscences of colleagues.
Acarus batatas Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Sarcoptiformes
Acaridae
Acarus
Acarus batatas

description: Acarus batatas [spec. nov.]
A. sanguineus scabriusculus, pedibus anterioribus longitudine corporis. Rolander.
Habitat in Batatas Surinami.
Acari minimi insectorum fertilitate immensa ubicunque obvii, plurium calamitatum caussae sunt.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 617, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Double field theory for the A/B-models and topological S-duality in generalized geometry
Creators: name: Kokenyesi, Zoltan
name: Sinkovics, Annamaria
name: Szabo, Richard J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study AKSZ-type BV constructions for the topological A- and B-models within a double field theory formulation that incorporates backgrounds with geometric and non-geometric fluxes. We relate them to a Courant sigma-model, on an open membrane, corresponding to a generalized complex structure, which reduces to the A- or B-models on the boundary. We introduce S-duality at the level of the membrane sigma-model based on the generalized complex structure, which exchanges the related AKSZ field theories, and interpret it as topological S-duality of the A- and B-models. Our approach leads to new classes of Courant algebroids associated to (generalized) complex geometry.
description: 39 pages, 1 figure; v2: typos corrected, reference added
Methods and microelectronics for proprioceptive neural feedback
Creators: name: Williams, Ian
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: A neural implant giving an amputee a sense of feeling back in their prosthetic limb could help millions of people live happier, more productive lives. Tactile feedback is commonly targeted, however, it is the lesser known sense of proprioception that is crucial for smooth, coordinated limb control and non-visual limb awareness – both of which are high priorities for amputees. This thesis describes research carried out to progress the development and creation of aproprioceptive neural prosthesis targeted at trans-humeral upper limb amputees. Firstly a review of proprioceptive neural prosthesis design considerations and challenges is presented. The purpose of which is to identify areas requiring further development and to identify a prototype target system that focuses and scopes design effort. Then 3 technical chapters cover research into: (1) Combining efficient implementations of biomechanical and proprioceptor models in order to generate signals that mimic human muscular proprioceptive patterns. A neuromusculoskeletal model of the upper limb with 7 degrees of freedom and 17 muscles is presented and generates real time estimates of muscle spindle and Golgi Tendon Organ neural firing patterns. (2) An 8 channel energy-efficient neural stimulator for generating charge-balanced asymmetric pulses. Power consumption is reduced by implementing a fully-integrated DC-DC converter that uses a reconfigurable switched capacitor topology to provide 4 output voltages for Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS). A novel charge balancing method is implemented which has a low level of accuracy on a single pulse and a much higher accuracy over a series of pulses. The method used is robust to process and component variation and does not require any initial or ongoing calibration. (3) A non-invasive proprioceptive feedback trial platform (using vibration induced proprioception) for testing modelled neural signals. A low cost vibration device is designed and tested, identifying key issues with this form of non-invasive feedback.
High-speed molecular cloudlets around the Galactic Center supermassive black hole
Creators: name: Goicoechea, Javier R.
name: Pety, J.
name: Chapillon, E.
name: Cernicharo, J.
name: Gerin, M.
name: Herrera, C.
name: Requena-Torres, M. A.
name: Santa-Maria, M. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present 1"-resolution ALMA observations of the circumnuclear disk (CND) and the environment around SgrA*. The images unveil the presence of small spatial scale CO (J=3-2) molecular "cloudlets" within the central pc of the Milky Way, moving at high speeds, up to 300 km/s along the line-of-sight. The CO-emitting structures show intricate morphologies: extended and filamentary at high negative-velocities (v_LSR < -150 km/s), more localized and clumpy at extreme positive-velocities (v_LSR > +200 km/s). Based on the pencil-beam CO absorption spectrum toward SgrA* synchrotron emission, we also present evidence for a diffuse gas component producing absorption features at more extreme negative-velocities (v_LSR < -200 km/s). The CND shows a clumpy spatial distribution. Its motion requires a bundle of non-uniformly rotating streams of slightly different inclinations. The inferred gas density peaks are lower than the local Roche limit. This supports that CND molecular cores are transient. We apply the two standard orbit models, spirals vs. ellipses, invoked to explain the kinematics of the ionized gas streamers around SgrA*. The location and velocities of the CO cloudlets are inconsistent with the spiral model, and only two of them are consistent with the Keplerian ellipse model. Most cloudlets, however, show similar velocities that are incompatible with the motions of the ionized streamers or with gas bounded to the central gravity. We speculate that they are leftovers of more massive, tidally disrupted, clouds that fall into the cavity, or that they originate from instabilities in the inner rim of the CND and infall from there. Molecular cloudlets, all together with a mass of several 10 M_Sun, exist around SgrA*. Most of them must be short-lived: photoevaporated by the intense stellar radiation field, blown away by winds from massive stars, or disrupted by strong gravitational shears.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A. 21 pages, 19 figures (includes corrections by language editor)
Financial analysis of the city of Zamość for the years 2013 - 2017
Creators: name: Political Preferences
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: Economics

description: In short-term, the activities of local government units are significantly different from those of enterprises. The short-term goal of the activity of a local government unit is to meet collective needs of its residents, and the short-term goal of commercial enterprises is to maximize profits. However, in long-term, in the case of local government units and commercial enterprises, both goals are similar – an increase in the value of the territorial self-government / commercial enterprise assets). In both cases, the financial analysis tools can be considered as helpful in the decision-making process as well as the assessment of the broadly understood effectiveness. Therefore, based on the models developed for enterprises in the field of financial analysis, it is worth making an attempt to assess the financial effectiveness of local government units. The aim of the article was to show, on the example with specific indicators and their interpretation, that the financial analysis of local government units provides a lot of useful information both to the manager of the unit and entities cooperating with a given local government unit. The article stresses the legitimacy of financial analysis in local government units and presents the basic tools for such.
Superstrings and Topological Strings at Large N
Creators: name: Vafa, Cumrun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We embed the large N Chern-Simons/topological string duality in ordinary superstrings. This corresponds to a large $N$ duality between generalized gauge systems with N=1 supersymmetry in 4 dimensions and superstrings propagating on non-compact Calabi-Yau manifolds with certain fluxes turned on. We also show that in a particular limit of the N=1 gauge theory system, certain superpotential terms in the N=1 system (including deformations if spacetime is non-commutative) are captured to all orders in 1/N by the amplitudes of non-critical bosonic strings propagating on a circle with self-dual radius. We also consider D-brane/anti-D-brane system wrapped over vanishing cycles of compact Calabi-Yau manifolds and argue that at large $N$ they induce a shift in the background to a topologically distinct Calabi-Yau, which we identify as the ground state system of the Brane/anti-Brane system.
description: 30 pages, some minor clarifications added
Constraining the Metallicity of the Low Density Lyman-alpha Forest Using OVI Absorption
Creators: name: Davé, Romeel
name: Hellsten, Uffe
name: Hernquist, Lars
name: Katz, Neal
name: Weinberg, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We search for OVI absorption in a Keck HIRES spectrum of the z=3.62 quasar Q1422+231. Comparison of CIV measurements to cosmological simulations shows that \lya forest absorbers with N_HI > 10^{14.5} have [C/H]~=-2.5, for the UV background spectrum of Haardt & Madau (HM). Lower column density absorption arises in lower density gas, where OVI is the most sensitive metal tracer. Since OVI lines lie at wavelengths contaminated by Lyman series absorption, we interpret our Q1422 results by comparing to artificial spectra drawn from an SPH simulation of a Lambda-dominated CDM model. A search for deep, narrow features in Q1422 yields only a few candidate OVI lines, statistically consistent with the number in artificial spectra with no metals; spectra generated with the HM background and [O/H] >= -2.5 predict too many narrow lines. However, applying the optical depth ratio technique of Songaila (1998), we DO find significant OVI associated with CIV systems; matching Q1422 requires [O/C]~=+0.5, implying [O/H]~=-2.0. Taken together these results imply that (a) the metallicity in the low density IGM is at least a factor of three below that in the overdense regions where CIV absorption is detectable, and (b) oxygen is overabundant in these regions, consistent with the enrichment pattern of old halo stars. If the UV background is heavily truncated above 4 Ry, an implausibly high oxygen overabundance ([O/C]>+2) is required by the data; thus a majority of the volume of the universe must have undergone helium reionization by z=3.(Abridged)
description: Submitted to ApJ, 48 pp including 14 ps figures, uses aaspp4.sty
Supplementary Material for Pfizer Oncology – April 2025 Health Literacy Resources
Creators: name: Becker, Mauricio
name: Garas, Sam
Publisher: name: Pfizer
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 329999
subject: Other biomedical and clinical sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Congress materials may include information for investigational products or for which the product is not approved and/or inconsistent with the product uses described in the Prescribing Information. Regulatory approval of investigational products or uses is dependent on the completion of the study programs and review by regulatory authorities. Pfizer does not suggest or recommend the use of Pfizer Products in any manner other than as described in the Prescribing Information. The clinical trial information is available at www.clinicaltrials.gov. This information is current as of April 1, 2025.
title: Reference Annotations for Identifying and Categorising Specialised Translation Errors Using LLMs
Creators: name: Kübler, Natalie
name: Minder, Joachim
name: Wisniewski, Guillaume
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Error annotation
subject: Error typology
subject: Machine translation
subject: Translation evaluation
subject: Specialised translation
subject: Large language models

description: This folder contains the reference annotations produced by a human expert evaluator of specialised English-French translations in the field of natural language processing. It includes two folders with the MT outputs from DeepL used for error annotation with ChatGPT (same texts, but one folder was annotated by ChatGPT with a long, detailed prompt; the other was annotated with a short prompt) and one folder with the MT outputs from ChatGPT (annotated with the long prompt). Each folder also contains the English source texts (abstracts of scientific articles).
``GLUELUMP'' SPECTRUM AND ADJOINT SOURCE POTENTIAL IN LATTICE QCD$_3$
Creators: name: Poulis, Grigorios I.
name: Trottier, Howard D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the potential between ``quarks'' which are in the adjoint representation of SU(2) color in the three-dimensional lattice theory. We work in the scaling region of the theory and at large quark separations $R$. We also calculate the masses $M_{Qg}$ of color-singlet bound states formed by coupling an adjoint quark to adjoint glue (``gluelumps''). Good scaling behavior is found for the masses of both magnetic (angular momentum $J=0$) and electric ($J=1$) gluelumps, and the magnetic gluelump is found to be the lowest-lying state. It is naively expected that the potential for adjoint quarks should saturate above a separation $R_{\rm scr}$ where it becomes energetically favorable to produce a pair of gluelumps. We obtain a good estimate of the naive screening distance $R_{\rm scr}$. However we find little evidence of saturation in the potential out to separations $R$ of about twice $R_{\rm scr}$.
description: 8 pages plus 8 figures in 2 postscript files (uuencoded)
Loop integrals in three outstanding gauges: Feynman, Light-cone and Coulomb
Creators: name: Suzuki, Alfredo T.
name: Schmidt, Alexandre G. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply negative dimensional integration method (NDIM) to three outstanding gauges: Feynman, light-cone and Coulomb gauges. Our aim is to show that NDIM is a very suitable technique to deal with loop integrals, being them originated from any gauge choice. In Feynman gauge we perform scalar two-loop four-point massless integrals; in the light-cone gauge we calculate scalar two-loop integrals contributing for two-point functions without any kind of prescriptions, since NDIM can abandon such devices -- this calculation is the first test of our prescriptionless method beyond one-loop order; finally, for the Coulomb gauge we consider a four propagator massless loop integral, in the split dimensional regularization context.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures, style files included
Principal Components of Touch
Creators: name: Aquilina, Kirsty
name: Barton, David A. W.
name: Lepora, Nathan F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Our human sense of touch enables us to manipulate our surroundings; therefore, complex robotic manipulation will require artificial tactile sensing. Typically tactile sensor arrays are used in robotics, implying that a straightforward way of interpreting multidimensional data is required. In this paper we present a simple visualisation approach based on applying principal component analysis (PCA) to systematically collected sets of tactile data. We apply the visualisation approach to 4 different types of tactile sensor, encompassing fingertips and vibrissal arrays. The results show that PCA can reveal structure and regularities in the tactile data, which also permits the use of simple classifiers such as $k$-NN to achieve good inference. Additionally, the Euclidean distance in principal component space gives a measure of sensitivity, which can aid visualisation and also be used to find regions in the tactile input space where the sensor is able to perceive with higher accuracy. We expect that these observations will generalise, and thus offer the potential for novel control methods based on touch.
description: Presented at ICRA 2018
Oral history interview with Samuel Irving Rosenman, 1959
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Judges
New Deal, 1933-1939
World War, 1939-1945

description: New York City and State politics in the 1920s; speech-writing for Franklin D. Roosevelt; Washington personalities in the New Deal; administrative work; reorganization of the executive branch during World War II
Measurement of the charge asymmetry for the $K_S \rightarrow πe ν$ decay and test of CPT symmetry with the KLOE detector
Creators: name: Anastasi, A.
name: Babusci, D.
name: Berłowski, M.
name: Bloise, C.
name: Bossi, F.
name: Branchini, P.
name: Budano, A.
name: Cao, B.
name: Capon, G.
name: Ceradini, F.
name: Ciambrone, P.
name: Curciarello, F.
name: Czerwiński, E.
name: D'Agostini, G.
name: Danè, E.
name: De Leo, V.
name: De Lucia, E.
name: De Santis, A.
name: De Simone, P.
name: Di Cicco, A.
name: Di Domenico, A.
name: Domenici, D.
name: D'Uffizi, A.
name: Fantini, A.
name: Fantini, G.
name: Fermani, P.
name: Fiore, S.
name: Gajos, A.
name: Gauzzi, P.
name: Giovannella, S.
name: Graziani, E.
name: Ivanov, V. L.
name: Johansson, T.
name: Kang, X.
name: Kisielewska-Kamińska, D.
name: Kozyrev, E. A.
name: Krzemień, W.
name: Kupść, A.
name: Loffredo, S.
name: Lukin, P. A.
name: Mandaglio, G.
name: Martini, M.
name: Messi, R.
name: Miscetti, S.
name: Moricciani, D.
name: Moskal, P.
name: Passeri, A.
name: Patera, V.
name: del Rio, E. Perez
name: Raha, N.
name: Santangelo, P.
name: Schioppa, M.
name: Selce, A.
name: Silarski, M.
name: Sirghi, F.
name: Solodov, E. P.
name: Tortora, L.
name: Venanzoni, G.
name: Wiślicki, W.
name: Wolke, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using 1.63 fb$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity collected by the KLOE experiment about $7\times 10^4$ $K_S \rightarrow π^{\pm}e^{\mp}ν$ decays have been reconstructed. The measured value of the charge asymmetry for this decay is $A_S = (-4.9 \pm 5.7_{stat} \pm 2.6_{syst}) \times 10^{-3}$, which is almost twice more precise than the previous KLOE result. The combination of these two measurements gives $A_S = (-3.8 \pm 5.0_{stat} \pm 2.6_{syst}) \times 10^{-3}$ and, together with the asymmetry of the $K_L$ semileptonic decay, provides significant tests of the CPT symmetry. The obtained results are in agreement with CPT invariance.
description: submitted to JHEP
Noninflammatory Diffuse Follicular Hypertrophy/ Hyperplasia of Graves Disease: Morphometric Evaluation in an Experimental Mouse Model
Creators: name: Schlüter Anke
name: Eckstein, Anja
name: Brenzel, A.
name: Horstmann Mareike
name: Lang, Stephan
name: Berchner-Pfannschmidt Utta
name: JP, Banga
name: Diaz-Cano, Salvador J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 110703 Autoimmunity
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110306 Endocrinology
subject: 110799 Immunology not elsewhere classified
subject: Pathogenesis
subject: 110316 Pathology (excl. Oral Pathology)

description: Objectives: Experimental models of Graves hyperthyroid disease accompanied by Graves orbitopathy (GO) can be efficiently induced in susceptible inbred strains of mice by immunization by electroporation of heterologous human TSH receptor (TSHR) A-subunit plasmid. The interrelated pathological findings in the thyroid glands of Graves disease (GD) that explain the core changes classically include diffuse follicular hyperplasia and multifocal mild lymphocytic infiltrate. However, the relative contributions of different thyroid tissue components (colloid, follicular cells, and stroma) have not been previously evaluated. In this study, we characterize the thyroid gland of an experimental mouse model of autoimmune GD. Our objective was to define the relative contribution of the different thyroid tissue components to the pathology of glands in the experimental model. Methods: Mice were immunized with human TSHR A-subunit plasmid. Antibodies induced to human TSHR were pathogenic in vivo due to their cross-reactivity to mouse TSHR. Results: Autoimmune thyroid disease in the model was characterized by histopathology of hyperplastic glands with large follicular cells. Further examination of thyroid glands of immunized animals revealed a significantly increased follicular area and follicle/stroma ratio, morphometrically correlated with a noninflammatory follicular hyperplasia/hypertrophy. The increased follicle/stroma ratio was the most relevant morphometrically variable summarizing the pathological changes for screening purposes. Conclusion: GD thyroid glands are enlarged and characterized by a noninflammatory diffuse follicular cell hyperplasia/hypertrophy and a significant increase in the follicles with an increased follicle/stroma ratio. Overall, this mouse model is a faithful model of an early hyperthyroid status of GD (diffuse glandular involvement and follicular expansion).
On Variational Dynamics in Redshift Space
Creators: name: Schmoldt, Inga M.
name: Saha, Prasenjit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Peebles (1989) showed that in the gravitational instability picture galaxy orbits can be traced back in time from a knowledge of their current positions, via a variational principle. We modify this variational principle so that galaxy redshifts can be input instead of distances, thereby recovering the distances. As a test problem, we apply the new method to a Local Group model. We infer M = 4 to 8 x 10^{12} M_sun depending on cosmology, implying that the dynamics of the outlying Local Group dwarves are consistent with the timing argument. Some algorithmic issues need to be addressed before the method can be applied to recover nonlinear evolution from large redshift surveys, but there are no more difficulties in principle.
description: To appear in AJ
Relationship between crystal structure and multiferroic orders in orthorhombic perovskite manganites
Creators: name: Fedorova, Natalya S.
name: Windsor, Yoav William
name: Findler, Christoph
name: Ramakrishnan, Mahesh
name: Bortis, Amadé
name: Rettig, Laurenz
name: Shimamoto, Kenta
name: Bothschafter, Elisabeth M.
name: Porer, Michael
name: Esposito, Vincent
name: Hu, Yi
name: Alberca, Aurora
name: Lippert, Thomas
name: Schneider, Christof W.
name: Staub, Urs
name: Spaldin, Nicola A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use resonant and non-resonant X-ray diffraction measurements in combination with first-principles electronic structure calculations and Monte Carlo simulations to study the relationship between crystal structure and multiferroic orders in the orthorhombic perovskite manganites, o-$R$MnO$_3$ ($R$ is a rare-earth cation or Y). In particular, we focus on how the internal lattice parameters (Mn-O bond lengths and Mn-O-Mn bond angles) evolve under chemical pressure and epitaxial strain, and the effect of these structural variations on the microscopic exchange interactions and long-range magnetic order. We show that chemical pressure and epitaxial strain are accommodated differently by the crystal lattice of o-$R$MnO$_3$, which is key for understanding the difference in magnetic properties between bulk samples and strained films. Finally, we discuss the effects of these differences in the magnetism on the electric polarization in o-$R$MnO$_3$.
description: 16 pages, 10 figures
Lattice sum rules for the colour fields
Creators: name: Michael, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse the sum rules describing the action and energy in the colour fields around glueballs, torelons and static potentials.
description: 9 pages LATEX, (typos corrected, to appear in Phys Rev D)
Whole-genome analysis of sporulation and germination in Clostridium difficile
Creators: name: Dembek, Marcin
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: Clostridium difficile is a Gram-positive, obligate anaerobe and a leading cause of hospital-acquired diarrhoea in humans. Under conditions that are not favourable for growth, C. difficile triggers sporulation, producing metabolically dormant endospores through asymmetric cell division. These are regarded as the principal infective stage in the C. difficile life cycle, but must germinate to allow for vegetative cell growth and toxin production, representing an attractive target for intervention. A detailed understanding of sporulation and germination could thus have direct applications for disease prevention. While sporulation and germination in the model sporeformer Bacillus subtilis is well understood, little is known about these events in C. difficile. Therefore, the primary aim of this project was to provide a genome-wide overview of sporulation and germination in C. difficile and to identify genes that are essential in these processes using a combination of molecular microbiology, microscopy, transcriptomics and next-generation sequencing. The first part of this thesis is devoted to the characterisation of C. difficile sporulation and germination dynamics, and is followed by a transcriptional analysis of temporal gene expression in germinating spores. A functional analysis of the 511 genes identified as differentially regulated during germination is provided and the results validated for a number of selected genes. One gene in particular, encoding a membrane associated cell wall protein Cwp7, is examined in more detail. In the second part of this thesis I describe the construction of the first comprehensive transposon mutant library which is then used to identify genes that are essential for sporulation and/or germination using Transposon-Directed Insertion Site Sequncing (TraDIS). The results of this study are validated by constructing in-frame deletions in four selected genes followed by a thorough analysis of the resulting phenotypes. Two genes: CD0125 encoding a homologue of B. subtilis SpoIIQ and CD3567 encoding a putative cell wall hydrolase are shown to be involved in spore formation while CD0106 encoding a homologues of B. subtilis CwlD is shown to be involved in germination.
Evolution of thin shells in D-dimensional General Relativity
Creators: name: Ramirez, Marcos A.
name: Aparicio, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we consider singular timelike spherical hypersurfaces embedded in a $D$-dimensional spherically symmetric bulk spacetime which is an electrovacuum solution of Einstein equations with cosmological constant. We analyse the different possibilities regarding the orientation of the gradient of the standard $r$ coordinate in relation to the shell. Then we study the dynamics according to Einstein equations for arbitrary matter satisfying the dominant energy condition. In particular, we thoroughly analyse the asymptotic dynamics for both the small and large-shell-radius limits. We also study the main qualitative aspects of the dynamics of shells made of linear barotropic fluids that satisfy the dominant energy condition. Finally, we prove weak cosmic censorship for this class of solutions.
description: 28 pages, 3 figures
Additional file 1 of Repurposing the serotonin agonist Tegaserod as an anticancer agent in melanoma: molecular mechanisms and clinical implications
Creators: name: Liu, Wei
name: Stachura, Paweł
name: Xu, Haifeng
name: Umesh Ganesh, Nikkitha
name: Cox, Fiona
name: Wang, Ruifeng
name: Lang, Karl
name: Gopalakrishnan, Jay
name: Häussinger, Dieter
name: Homey, Bernhard
name: Lang, Philipp
name: Pandyra, Aleksandra
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Virology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. B16F10 cells were treated (10 μM-78 nM) for 72 h and IC50 compound values determined. Compounds for which IC50 values were not determinable or were above 10 μM were placed on the 10 μM line. Figure S2. (A) Treatment at the indicated time points with TM (3 μM for B16F10 and A375, 5 μM for RPMI and SH4) did not induce changes in CAMP levels (n = 3-4). (B) Treatment with TM for 18 h did not induce changes in serotonin responsive genes. Expression was normalized to GAPDH (n = 3–4). Figure S3. TM did not affect the MAPK pathway. Melanoma cells were treated as indicated with increasing concentrations of TM (representative immunoblots of n = 3-5 are shown). Blots are quantified in (B). Figure S4. (A) Changes in phospho-S6 (p-S6) at Ser235/6 in MeWo and MEL-JUSO melanoma cells (n = 5–6) following TM treatment are shown. (B) Changes in p-S6 (Ser240/244) (n = 2–3) and p-PDK1 (Ser241) (n = 3–4) following treatment with TM are shown. Figure S5. Dose response curves following treatment with the PI3K inhibitor ZSTK474, pan-Akt inhibitor MK-2206 and mTORC1/mTORC2 inhibitor KU-0063794 are shown (n = 3–4). Figure S6. (A) TM-treated mice as described in Fig. 4a. experienced a small decrease in body weight (n = 6–8). (B) Treatment with TM did not alter liver damage parameters (n = 3). (C) Quantification of the active Caspase-3 staining for Fig. 4d is shown (n = 6 mice). (D) Immunohistochemical staining of tumor tissue for cleaved Caspase-8 is shown and quantified (n = 6 mice). (E) Tumor lysates probed for cleaved Caspase-8 are shown (n = 6–9 mice, with 3 mice shown). Error bars in all experiments indicate SEM. *P < 0.05 as determined by a Student’s t-test (unpaired, 2 tailed) or a one-way ANOVA with a Dunnett’s post-hoc test.
A Note on Gauge Invariant Operators in Noncommutative Gauge Theories and the Matrix Model
Creators: name: Dhar, Avinash
name: Wadia, Spenta R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this note we discuss local gauge-invariant operators in noncommutative gauge theories. Inspired by the connection of these theories with the Matrix model, we give a simple construction of a complete set of gauge-invariant operators. We make connection with the recent discussions of candidate operators which are dual to closed strings modes. We also discuss large Wilson loops which in the limit of vanishing noncommutativity, reduce to the closed Wilson loops of the ordinary gauge theory.
description: Latex, 9 pages, 3 figures, typos corrected, version to appear in PLB
Oral history interview with Samuel M. Robinson 1963
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Engineers
Veterans
Military engineering
Shipbuilding

description: Naval engineering, electric ship propulsion; Puget Sound Navy Yard, 1927-31; Chief of Bureau Engineering, 1931; development of high speed diesel engine; Chief of Bureau of Ships, 1940; Chief of Procurement and Material, 1942-46; Webb Institute of Naval Architecture, 1946-51.
Field monitoring of ground response to EPBM tunnelling close to existing tunnels in London Clay
Creators: name: Wan, Siu Pong
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: Field monitoring research was performed by Imperial College London, as part of an Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) funded research project, in collaboration with Crossrail urban railway project, to investigate how tunnelling affects adjacent existing tunnels. This field research aims to establish a high-quality case history involving comprehensive instrumentation and monitoring around earth pressure balance tunnel boring machine (EPBM) tunnelling in London Clay. Surface and subsurface instruments were installed in Hyde Park and bordering Bayswater Road, beneath which the new Crossrail twin-bore tunnels were constructed by EPBMs in London Clay below the existing London Underground Central Line tunnels. Responses to tunnel construction of the ‘greenfield’ ground and the ground near the existing tunnels were measured. Sufficient resolution and accuracy of the monitoring systems were established through pre-construction measurements to ensure that reliable data were obtained. The Hyde Park monitoring data are analysed and interpreted to characterise the surface and subsurface ground displacements and stress changes which are compared with similar results from other case histories of tunnelling in cohesive soils. They are also studied together with the Crossrail contractor’s measurements from instruments within the existing tunnels and in Hyde Park. It is demonstrated from the monitoring results during the construction of the first tunnel that the surface and subsurface settlement troughs were wider in the ground near the existing tunnels, compared with the troughs in the ‘greenfield’ ground, indicating the influence of the presence of the old tunnels. The form of the surface and subsurface settlement troughs induced by the second tunnel construction is found to be dictated by the more recent construction of the first tunnel, with larger settlements and wider trough widths on the side of the first tunnel, indicating the strain-softening effect of the ground by the tunnel construction. The measured ground displacement field in near vicinity of the EPBM tunnelling, determined from the subsurface vertical and horizontal displacement measurements, is found to be directed towards the tunnel construction (i.e. ‘inward’ displacement field), as opposed to the ‘outward’ displacement field observed in an instrumented site at Dagenham for a similar EPBM tunnelling for the Channel Tunnel Rail Link project (Standing and Selemetas, 2013). It is believed that the nature of the ground displacement field in close proximity of an EPBM tunnelling (i.e. ‘inwards’ or ‘outwards’) depends largely on the relative magnitudes of the machine face pressure and tail grout pressure compared with the in-situ overburden pressure. The mechanisms of ground displacements in the near vicinity of EPBM tunnelling are established by analysing key EPBM operation variables in conjunction with the measured surface and subsurface ground response.
Acarus gymnopteroru Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Sarcoptiformes
Acaridae
Acarus
Acarus gymnopteroru

description: Acarus gymnopteroru [spec. nov.]
A. abdomine rubro, lateribus punctis binis coccineis. Fn. svec. 1208.
Habitat in Apibus aliisque.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 618, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 polymorphisms, and their interactions with smoking on risk of low birth weight: a meta-analysis
Creators: name: Wenchao Qu
name: Yuan, Lili
name: Yuxiang Xiang
name: Jia, Xiao
name: Zhiyuan Zhao
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Background: Published data regarding the association between glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) and glutathione S-transferase T1 (GSTT1) gene polymorphisms and risk of low birth weight (LBW) remains inconclusive, and data on the interactions between the two gene polymorphisms and smoking for LBW susceptibility is lacking. To clarify these associations, a meta-analysis was conducted. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in multiple databases until 11 January 2018. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using fixed or random effects model. Results: Thirty-eight studies from 17 articles concerning maternal and neonatal GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphism with LBW risk were included in this meta-analysis, and nine studies from five articles provided data of maternal tobacco exposure status during pregnancy. Maternal GSTM1 null genotype was associated with increased LBW risk (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.12–1.45). There was a nonsignificant but positive association (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 0.97–1.46) between the maternal GSTT1 null genotype and the LBW risk in the overall analysis. There was a null association between neonatal GSTM1 or GSTT1 polymorphism and LBW risk. There were significant associations between the maternal GSTM1 null and GSTT1 null genotype and LBW risk (for the former, OR = 3.85, 95% CI: 1.68–8.81; for the later, OR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.01–3.50) in individuals with active smoking, respectively. Conclusion: Maternal GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes, but not neonatal genotypes, are suggested to increase LBW susceptibility, and there are interactions between active smoking and these polymorphisms in the development of LBW.
Parallel SPH modeling using dynamic domain decomposition and load balancing displacement of Voronoi subdomains
Creators: name: Egorova, M. S.
name: Dyachkov, S. A.
name: Parshikov, A. N.
name: Zhakhovsky, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A highly adaptive load balancing algorithm for parallel simulations using particle methods, such as molecular dynamics and smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), is developed. Our algorithm is based on the dynamic spatial decomposition of simulated material samples between Voronoi subdomains, where each subdomain with all its particles is handled by a single computational process which is typically run on a single CPU core of a multiprocessor computing cluster. The algorithm displaces the positions of neighbor Voronoi subdomains in accordance with the local load imbalance between the corresponding processes. It results in particle transfers from heavy-loaded processes to less-loaded ones. Iteration of the algorithm puts into alignment the processor loads. Convergence to a well-balanced decomposition from imbalanced one is improved by the usage of multi-body terms in the balancing displacements. The high adaptability of the balancing algorithm to simulation conditions is illustrated by SPH modeling of the dynamic behavior of materials under extreme conditions, which are characterized by large pressure and velocity gradients, as a result of which the spatial distribution of particles varies greatly in time. The higher parallel efficiency of our algorithm in such conditions is demonstrated by comparison with the corresponding static decomposition of the computational domain. Our algorithm shows almost perfect strong scalability in tests using from tens to several thousand processes.
description: 14 figures