cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Comparison of NucliSens and Roche Monitor Assays for Quantitation of Levels of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 RNA in Plasma
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1999

description: We compared the performance of Organon Teknika’s NucliSens and Roche Diagnostic Systems’ Monitor quantitative human immunodeficiency type 1 RNA assays. Both had similar linearity and sensitivity over most of the dynamic range of the assays, although the Monitor assay was superior at the low range of RNA values while the NucliSens assay was more consistent at higher RNA values. NucliSens generally showed less interassay variability.
All Heavy Tetraquarks: The Dynamical Diquark Model and Other Approaches
Creators: name: Lebed, Richard F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The 2020 announcement by LHCb of a narrow structure $X(6900)$ in the di-$J/ψ$ spectrum -- a potential $c\bar c c\bar c$ state -- has opened a new era in hadronic spectroscopy. In this talk, we briefly survey theory works preceding this event, examine key features of the observed spectrum, and then discuss how subsequent theory studies (including with the author's own dynamical diquark model) have interpreted these features. We conclude with proposals for experiments capable of distinguishing competing interpretations.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure. Invited talk at the 20th Lomonosov Conference on Elementary Particle Physics, 19-25 Aug. 2021
Immunoglobulin M Antibody Test To Detect Genogroup II Norwalk-Like Virus Infection
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1999

description: Sera obtained from adult volunteers inoculated with genogroup II Norwalk-like viruses (NLVs), Hawaii virus, and Snow Mountain virus and from patients involved in outbreaks of gastroenteritis were tested for genogroup II NLV Mexico virus-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) by use of a monoclonal antibody, recombinant Mexico virus antigen (rMXV)-based IgM capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Sera from genogroup I Norwalk virus (NV)-inoculated volunteers and from patients involved in a genogroup I NLV outbreak were also tested. In sera from those infected with genogroup I NV or NLVs in volunteer and outbreak studies, only 3 of 25 were rMXV IgM positive; in contrast, 24 of 25 were IgM positive for recombinant NV (rNV). In sera from those infected with genogroup II NLVs in volunteer and outbreak studies, 28 of 47 were rMXV IgM positive and none were IgM positive for rNV, showing the specificity of each IgM test for its respective genogroup. In an outbreak of gastroenteritis not characterized as being of viral etiology but suspected to be due to NV, 7 of 13 persons had IgM responses to rMXV, whereas none had IgM responses to rNV, thus establishing the diagnosis as genogroup II NLV infection. The rMXV-based IgM capture ELISA developed is specific for the diagnosis of genogroup II NLV infections.
PHANGS-JWST First Results: Mid-infrared emission traces both gas column density and heating at 100 pc scales
Creators: name: Leroy, Adam K.
name: Sandstrom, Karin
name: Rosolowsky, Erik
name: Belfiore, Francesco
name: Bolatto, Alberto D.
name: Cao, Yixian
name: Koch, Eric W.
name: Schinnerer, Eva
name: Barnes, Ashley. T.
name: Bešlić, Ivana
name: Bigiel, F.
name: Blanc, Guillermo A.
name: Chastenet, Jérémy
name: Chen, Ness Mayker
name: Chevance, Mélanie
name: Chown, Ryan
name: Congiu, Enrico
name: Dale, Daniel A.
name: Egorov, Oleg V.
name: Emsellem, Eric
name: Eibensteiner, Cosima
name: Faesi, Christopher M.
name: Glover, Simon C. O.
name: Grasha, Kathryn
name: Groves, Brent
name: Hassani, Hamid
name: Henshaw, Jonathan D.
name: Hughes, Annie
name: Jiménez-Donaire, María J.
name: Kim, Jaeyeon
name: Klessen, Ralf S.
name: Kreckel, Kathryn
name: Kruijssen, J. M. Diederik
name: Larson, Kirsten L.
name: Lee, Janice C.
name: Levy, Rebecca C.
name: Liu, Daizhong
name: Lopez, Laura A.
name: Meidt, Sharon E.
name: Murphy, Eric J.
name: Neumann, Justus
name: Pessa, Ismael
name: Pety, Jérôme
name: Saito, Toshiki
name: Sardone, Amy
name: Sun, Jiayi
name: Thilker, David A.
name: Usero, Antonio
name: Watkins, Elizabeth J.
name: Whitcomb, Cory M.
name: Williams, Thomas G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare mid-infrared (mid-IR), extinction-corrected H$α$, and CO (2-1) emission at 70--160 pc resolution in the first four PHANGS-JWST targets. We report correlation strengths, intensity ratios, and power law fits relating emission in JWST's F770W, F1000W, F1130W, and F2100W bands to CO and H$α$. At these scales, CO and H$α$ each correlate strongly with mid-IR emission, and these correlations are each stronger than the one relating CO to H$α$ emission. This reflects that mid-IR emission simultaneously acts as a dust column density tracer, leading to the good match with the molecular gas-tracing CO, and as a heating tracer, leading to the good match with the H$α$. By combining mid-IR, CO, and H$α$ at scales where the overall correlation between cold gas and star formation begins to break down, we are able to separate these two effects. We model the mid-IR above $I_ν= 0.5$~MJy sr$^{-1}$ at F770W, a cut designed to select regions where the molecular gas dominates the interstellar medium (ISM) mass. This bright emission can be described to first order by a model that combines a CO-tracing component and an H$α$-tracing component. The best-fitting models imply that $\sim 50\%$ of the mid-IR flux arises from molecular gas heated by the diffuse interstellar radiation field, with the remaining $\sim 50\%$ associated with bright, dusty star forming regions. We discuss differences between the F770W, F1000W, F1130W bands and the continuum dominated F2100W band and suggest next steps for using the mid-IR as an ISM tracer.
description: 49 pages, 17 figures, Section 8 provides a detailed summary, accepted for publication in ApJ Letters, part of a PHANGS-JWST Focus Issue to appear in ApJ
The connection between stellar granulation and oscillation as seen by the Kepler mission
Creators: name: Kallinger, T.
name: De Ridder, J.
name: Hekker, S.
name: Mathur, S.
name: Mosser, B.
name: Gruberbauer, M.
name: Garcia, R. A.
name: Karoff, C.
name: Ballot, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The long and almost continuous observations by Kepler show clear evidence of a granulation background signal in a large sample of stars, which is interpreted as the surface manifestation of convection. It has been shown that its characteristic timescale and rms intensity fluctuation scale with the peak frequency (ν_{max}) of the solar-like oscillations. Various attempts have been made to quantify the observed signal, to determine scaling relations, and to compare them to theoretical predictions. We use a probabilistic method to compare different approaches to extracting the granulation signal. We fit the power density spectra of a large set of Kepler targets, determine the granulation and global oscillation parameter, and quantify scaling relations between them. We establish that a depression in power at about ν_{max}/2, known from the Sun and a few other main-sequence stars, is also statistically significant in red giants and that a super-Lorentzian function with two components is best suited to reproducing the granulation signal in the broader vicinity of the pulsation power excess. We also establish that the specific choice of the background model can affect the determination of ν_{max}, introducing systematic uncertainties that can significantly exceed the random uncertainties. We find the characteristic background frequency and amplitude to tightly scale with ν_{max} for a wide variety of stars, and quantify a mass dependency of the latter. To enable comparison with theoretical predictions, we computed effective timescales and intensity fluctuations and found them to approximately scale as τ_{eff} \propto g^{-0.85}\,T^{-0.4} and A_{gran} \propto (g^2M)^{-1/4}, respectively. Similarly, the bolometric pulsation amplitude scales approximately as A_{puls} \propto (g^2M)^{-1/3}, which implicitly verifies a separate mass and luminosity dependence of A_{puls}.
description: 18 pages, 12 figures, accepted for A&A
Comparison of Blood Collected in Acid-Citrate-Dextrose and EDTA for Use in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Cultures
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000

description: Paired blood samples collected in acid-citrate-dextrose and EDTA were compared for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectivity on the day of collection or after 1 day of storage at room temperature. No significant differences between the anticoagulants were observed. Culture positivity was significantly associated with HIV RNA viral loads for both anticoagulants.
Development of a Serological Test for Haemophilus ducreyi for Seroprevalence Studies
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000

description: We developed a new enzyme immunoassay (rpEIA) for use in determining the seroprevalence of chancroid. Three highly conserved outer membrane proteins from Haemophilus ducreyi strain 35000 were cloned, overexpressed, and purified from Escherichia coli for use as antigens in the rpEIA. Serum specimens from patients with and without chancroid were assayed to determine optimum sensitivity and specificity and to establish cutoff values. On the basis of these data, rpEIA was found to be both sensitive and specific when used to test a variety of serum specimens from patients with genital ulcers and urethritis and from healthy blood donors.
Prevalence and associated factors of overweight and obesity among schoolchildren in Hanoi, Vietnam
Creators: name: Bui, Anh Tuan
Publisher: name: Torrens University Australia
Year: 2022
Subjects: Community child health

description: Background: The prevalence of overweight and obesity (OW/OB) has increased rapidly in Vietnam. This study aimed to elucidate the factors influencing OW/OB among secondary schoolchildren. Method: A survey was conducted in January 2014 in four randomly selected state schools in two Hanoi urban districts, and 821 students in grade six (11-12 years old) participated. Definitions of OW/OB followed the World Health Organization standard cut-offs. Results: Overall, 4.1% of children were underweight, 59.7% were normal weight, 17.1% were overweight, and 19.1% were obese. The odds of OW/OB were lowest among children whose parents had college/university degrees [father (aOR =0.65, 95% CI: 0.42-1.00); mother (aOR =0.63, 95% CI: 0.41-0.97)] compared with those whose parents had only a primary education. Children with an OW/OB family history had an increased risk of OW/OB. Other associated factors include parental OW/OB and birth weight (BW). The odds of OW/OB were highest among children with parents with OW/OB [father (aOR =2.022, 95% CI: 1.34-3.04); mother (aOR =2.83, 95% CI: 1.51-5.30)] compared with those with normal-weight parents. Children with both parents having OW/OB [both parents (aOR =6.59, 95% CI: 1.28-33.87) had the highest risk, followed by one parent (aOR =2.22, 95% CI: 1.50-3.27)] and then neither parent having OW/OB. Moreover, high-birth-weight children [BW ≥ 3500 g (aOR =1.52, 95% CI: 1.07-2.15)] had greater odds than did normal-birth-weight children. Children who slept 11 h per day [8-11 h (aOR =0.57, 95% CI: 0.40-0.81) or more (aOR =0.44, 95% CI: 0.22-0.87)] had lower OW/OB odds than those who slept 8 h or less. Children with specific positive lifestyle behaviours had lower risk of OW/OB than those who did not engage in positive lifestyle behaviours. The odds were lower among children who exercised for weight reduction (OR = 0.16, 95% CI: 0.11-0.23), lowered food intake (aOR = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.09-0.17), and added vegetables to their diet (aOR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.19-0.35). Conclusion: The results suggest that parents and children with OW/OB parents or a high BW should be educated to prevent OW/OB at an early stage. Positive lifestyle behaviours should be adopted by the students.
Solving the Problem of the K Parameter in the KNN Classifier Using an Ensemble Learning Approach
Creators: name: Hassanat, Ahmad Basheer
name: Abbadi, Mohammad Ali
name: Altarawneh, Ghada Awad
name: Alhasanat, Ahmad Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents a new solution for choosing the K parameter in the k-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm, the solution depending on the idea of ensemble learning, in which a weak KNN classifier is used each time with a different K, starting from one to the square root of the size of the training set. The results of the weak classifiers are combined using the weighted sum rule. The proposed solution was tested and compared to other solutions using a group of experiments in real life problems. The experimental results show that the proposed classifier outperforms the traditional KNN classifier that uses a different number of neighbors, is competitive with other classifiers, and is a promising classifier with strong potential for a wide range of applications.
PHANGS-JWST First Results: Massive Young Star Clusters and New Insights from JWST Observations of NGC 1365
Creators: name: Whitmore, Bradley C.
name: Chandar, Rupali
name: Rodríguez, M. Jimena
name: Lee, Janice C.
name: Emsellem, Eric
name: Floyd, Matthew
name: Kim, Hwihyun
name: Kruijssen, J. M. Diederik
name: Mok, Angus
name: Sormani, Mattia C.
name: Bodquien, Médéric
name: Dale, Daniel A.
name: Faesi, Christopher M.
name: Henny, Kiana F.
name: Hannon, Stephen
name: Thilker, David A.
name: White, Richad L.
name: Barnes, Ashley T.
name: Bigiel, F.
name: Chevance, Mélanie
name: Henshaw, Jonathan D.
name: Klessen, Ralf S.
name: Leroy, Adam K.
name: Liu, Daizhong
name: Maschmann, Daniel
name: Meidt, Sharon E.
name: Rosolowsky, Erik
name: Schinnerer, Eva
name: Sun, Jiayi
name: Watkins, Elizabeth J.
name: Williams, Thomas G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A primary new capability of JWST is the ability to penetrate the dust in star forming galaxies to identify and study the properties of young star clusters that remain embedded in dust and gas. In this paper we combine new infrared images taken with JWST with our optical HST images of the star-bursting barred (Seyfert2) spiral galaxy NGC 1365. We find that this galaxy has the richest population of massive young clusters of any known galaxy within 30 Mpc, with $\sim$ 30 star clusters that are more massive than 10$^6$ Msolar and younger than 10 Myr. Sixteen of these clusters are newly discovered from our JWST observations. An examination of the optical images reveals that 4 of 30 ($\sim$13$\%$) are so deeply embedded that they cannot be seen in the I band (AV $\gt$ 10 mag), and that 11 of 30 ($\sim$37$\%$) are missing in the HST B band, so age and mass estimates from optical measurements alone are challenging. These numbers suggest that massive clusters in NGC 1365 remain obscured in the visible for $\sim$ 1.3 $\pm$ 0.7 Myr, and are either completely or partially obscured for $\sim$ 3.7 $\pm$ 1.1 Myr. We also use the JWST observations to gain new insights into the triggering of star cluster formation by the collision of gas and dust streamers with gas and dust in the bar. The JWST images reveal previously unknown structures (e.g., bridges and overshoot regions from stars that form in the bar) that help us better understand the orbital dynamics of barred galaxies and associated star-forming rings. Finally, we note that the excellent spatial resolution of the NIRCAM F200W filter provides a better way to separate barely resolved compact clusters from individual stars based on their sizes.
description: 17 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publications as part of PHANGS-JWST ApJL Focus Issue
Evaluation of Etest for Susceptibility Testing of Multidrug-Resistant Isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000

description: To prescribe effective treatment schemes for patients with tuberculosis, more-efficient susceptibility testing techniques for Mycobacterium tuberculosis are needed, especially in regions with multidrug resistance. Etest (AB BIODISK, Solna, Sweden) is a simple technique that provides quantitative drug susceptibility results for M. tuberculosis in 5 to 10 days from a culture grown at low cost. The performance of Etest was compared to that of the reference proportion method, using 95 M. tuberculosis clinical isolates of which 42.1% (40 of 95) were resistant to at least one antibiotic by the reference method. Overall agreement between Etest and the reference method was 98.9% (94 of 95) for detection of multidrug resistance; for resistance to individual drugs, agreement was 97.9% (93 of 95) for rifampin, 96.0% (92 of 95) for ethambutol, 94.7% (90 of 95) for isoniazid, and 85.3% (81 of 95) for streptomycin. This study supports the utility of Etest for timely detection of drug resistance in M. tuberculosis and for use in tuberculosis control programs.
Multicenter Evaluation of Methods To Quantitate Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 RNA in Seminal Plasma
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000

description: We have evaluated two commercially available kits (AMPLICOR MONITOR [Roche] and NASBA HIV-1 QT or NucliSens HIV-1 QT [Organon Teknika]) and two noncommercial methods for the accurate quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA in seminal plasma. The same panels of coded specimens were tested on four separate occasions. Laboratories using the commercial assays employed silica beads to isolate HIV-1 RNA, which removed inhibitory factors sometimes found in seminal plasma. Sensitivities and specificities, respectively, for each assay were as follows: AMPLICOR MONITOR, 100 and 73%; NASBA HIV-1 QT, 84 and 100%; NucliSens HIV-1 QT, 99 and 98%; and noncommercial assays, 91 and 73%. When results from the laboratory that was inexperienced with the silica bead extraction method were excluded from the analysis, specificity for the Roche assay increased to 100%. The commercial assays demonstrated highly reproducible results, with intra-assay standard deviations (measured in log10 RNA copies/milliliter of seminal plasma) ranging from 0.11 to 0.32; those of the noncommercial assays ranged from 0.12 to 0.75. Differences in mean estimated HIV-1 RNA concentrations were ≤0.67 log10 and were greater at low viral loads. Suspension matrices that used blood plasma or seminal plasma did not make a difference in recovery of HIV-1 RNA, which suggested that blood plasma specimens can be used as external controls for seminal plasma assays. More variation in the HIV-1 RNA viral loads was observed in the seminal plasma values than in the blood plasma values when paired specimens from HIV-1-infected men were tested. Quantitation of HIV-1 RNA in seminal plasma can be reliably accomplished using two commercially available assays, and may be incorporated into the evaluations of HIV-1 seropositive men enrolled in clinical studies.
Phase equilibria of symmetric Lennard-Jones mixtures and a look at the transport properties near the upper critical solution temperature
Creators: name: Antolović, Ivan
name: Staubach, Jens
name: Stephan, Simon
name: Vrabec, Jadran
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::536 Wärme
subject: Lennard-Jones mixtures
subject: phase equilibria
subject: molecular simulation
subject: thermophysical properties
subject: one-fluid theory
subject: Lennard-Jones Potential
subject: Phasengleichgewicht
subject: Molekulardynamiksimulation
subject: thermophysikalische Eigenschaft
subject: One-Fluid Theorie

description: This study investigates phase equilibria and transport properties of five symmetric binary Lennard-Jones mixtures using molecular simulation and equation of state models. The mixtures are selected for their representation of different types of phase behavior and the research contributes to the development of simulation techniques, mixture theories and understanding of thermophysical mixture properties. A novel method is introduced for determining the critical end point (CEP) and critical azeotropic end point (CAEP) by molecular simulation. The van der Waals one-fluid theory is assessed for its performance in conjunction with Lennard-Jones equation of state models, while addressing different phase equilibrium types simultaneously. An empirical correlation is introduced to account for deviations between the equation of state and simulation that arise when using the same binary interaction parameter. This study also investigates the influence of the liquid–liquid critical point on thermophysical properties, which are found to exhibit no significant anomalies or singularities. System-size effects of diffusion coefficients are addressed by extrapolating simulation data to the thermodynamic limit and applying analytical finite-size corrections.
IDENTITY – OTHERNESS – INTERCULTURALITY: THE CASE OF INTERRELIGIOUS DIALOGUES
Creators: name: Michailidis, Apostolos
name: Fountoulakis, Georgios S.
name: Athanasiou, Dimitrios
name: Papatolios, Achilleas
name: Diamantopoulou, Elisabeth A.
name: Alkhouri, Khader I.
Publisher: name: Εθνικό και Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών
Year: 2023

description: Proceedings from the 1st Online International Scientific Meeting of the Laboratory of Religious Studies (ReligLab)
description: THEOPHANY, Special Issues
The holographic supersymmetric Renyi entropy in five dimensions
Creators: name: Alday, Luis F.
name: Richmond, Paul
name: Sparks, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the supersymmetric Renyi entropy across an entangling three-sphere for five-dimensional superconformal field theories using localization. For a class of USp(2N) gauge theories we construct a holographic dual 1/2 BPS black hole solution of Euclidean Romans F(4) supergravity. The large N limit of the gauge theory results agree perfectly with the supergravity computations.
description: 19 pages
Photochemical properties of a potential interstellar dust precursor: the electronic spectrum of Si3O2+
Creators: name: Studemund, Taarna
name: Pollow, Kai
name: Förstel, Marko
name: Dopfer, Otto
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::541 Physikalische Chemie
subject: silicon oxide compounds
subject: time-dependent density functional theory
subject: electronic photodissociation
subject: electronic sprectrum
subject: photochemical properties
subject: Siliziumoxidverbindungen
subject: zeitabhängige Dichtefunktionaltheorie
subject: elektronische Photodissoziation
subject: elektronisches Spektrum
subject: photochemische Eigenschaften

description: Silicon oxide compounds are considered as precursors for silicon-based interstellar dust grains which consist mainly of silica and silicates. Knowledge of their geometric, electronic, optical, and photochemical properties provides crucial input for astrochemical models describing the evolution of dust grains. Herein, we report the optical spectrum of mass-selected Si3O2+ cations recorded in the 234–709 nm range by means of electronic photodissociation (EPD) in a quadrupole/time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometer coupled to a laser vaporization source. The EPD spectrum is observed predominantly in the lowest-energy fragmentation channel corresponding to Si2O+ (loss of SiO), while the higher-energy Si+ channel (loss of Si2O2) provides only a minor contribution. The EPD spectrum exhibits two weaker unresolved bands A and B near 26 490 and 34 250 cm−1 (377.5 and 292 nm) and a strong transition C with a band origin at 36 914 cm−1 (270.9 nm) which shows vibrational fine structure. Analysis of the EPD spectrum is guided by complementary time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations at the UCAM-B3LYP/cc-pVTZ and UB3LYP/cc-pVTZ levels to determine structures, energies, electronic spectra, and fragmentation energies of the lowest-energy isomers. The cyclic global minimum structure with C2v symmetry determined previously by infrared spectroscopy can explain the EPD spectrum well, with assignments of bands A–C to transitions from the 2A1 ground electronic state (D0) into the 4th, 9th, and 11th excited doublet states (D4,9,11), respectively. The vibronic fine structure of band C is analyzed by Franck–Condon simulations, which confirm the isomer assignment. Significantly, the presented EPD spectrum of Si3O2+ corresponds to the first optical spectrum of any polyatomic SinOm+ cation.
A Generalized Framework for Ontology-Based Information Retrieval Application to a public-transportation system
Creators: name: Zidi, Amir
name: Abed, Mourad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper we present a generic framework for ontology-based information retrieval. We focus on the recognition of semantic information extracted from data sources and the mapping of this knowledge into ontology. In order to achieve more scalability, we propose an approach for semantic indexing based on entity retrieval model. In addition, we have used ontology of public transportation domain in order to validate these proposals. Finally, we evaluated our system using ontology mapping and real world data sources. Experiments show that our framework can provide meaningful search results.
Quantitation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 RNA in Different Biological Compartments
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000

description: Little information is available describing viral loads in body fluids other than blood. In addition, the suitability of commercially available assays for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA quantitation has not been evaluated in most nonblood fluids. We compared Organon Teknika's nucleic acid sequence-based amplification method (NASBA) and Roche's Amplicor HIV-1 Monitor (reverse transcriptase PCR [RT-PCR]) for quantitating HIV-1 RNA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), saliva, breast milk, seminal plasma, and cervical-vaginal lavage fluid (CVL). Saliva and breast milk frequently demonstrated some inhibition in the RT-PCR assay, similar to the inhibition previously described in seminal plasma. Inhibition of the RT-PCR assay was not observed with CSF or CVL, nor in any of the NASBA assays. When fluids from HIV-infected individuals were tested by RT-PCR and NASBA, 73 and 27% of CSF samples and 60 and 40% of breast milk specimens had detectable RNA, respectively. These differences were not statistically significant. In cross-sectional studies using RT-PCR to measure viral RNA in paired blood plasma and CSF samples, 71% of blood plasma samples and 42% of CSF samples were positive. A similar analysis using NASBA with paired blood plasma and CVL, saliva, or seminal plasma samples revealed 91% were blood plasma positive and 55% were CVL positive, 76% were blood plasma positive and 46% were saliva positive, and 83% were blood plasma positive and 63% were seminal plasma positive. NASBA worked fairly well to quantitate HIV-1 RNA from all fluids without apparent inhibition. RT-PCR performed well on CVL and CSF, frequently with greater sensitivity, although its use in other fluids appears limited due to the presence of inhibitors. These studies demonstrate that viral loads in nonblood fluids were generally lower than in blood.
Value of Examining Three Acid-Fast Bacillus Sputum Smears for Removal of Patients Suspected of Having Tuberculosis from the “Airborne Precautions” Category
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000

description: We examined the potential risk of tuberculosis transmission if we modified our policy for release of patients from the “airborne precautions” category from three negative acid-fast bacillus (AFB) smears to two, or even one. Over a 4-year period, respiratory cultures from 42 patients grew Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Of these, 36 patients (81%) had a positive AFB smear result on the first submitted specimen. One additional patient (2%) had a first smear-positive finding on the second submitted specimen, and no patients had a first smear-positive result on the third submitted specimen. Respiratory cultures from five patients (12%) grew M. tuberculosis without ever having a positive AFB smear result. These data indicate that in our institution, reducing the number of negative smears required before removal of patients from the airborne precautions category would pose little, if any, increase in the risk of spreading tuberculosis.
Doubly charmed baryon decays $Ξ_{cc}^{++}\toΞ_c^{(\prime)+}π^+$ in the quark model
Creators: name: Zeng, Shuge
name: Xu, Fanrong
name: Niu, Peng-Yu
name: Cheng, Hai-Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we study the doubly charmed baryon decays $Ξ_{cc}^{++}\toΞ_c^{(\prime)+}π^+$ within the framework of the non-relativistic quark model (NRQM). Factorizable amplitudes are expressed in terms of transition form factors, while nonfactorizable amplitudes arising form the inner $W$-emission are evaluated using current algebra and the pole model and expressed in terms of baryonic matrix elements and axial-vector form factors. Nonperturbative parameters are then calculated using the NRQM. They can be expressed in terms of the momentum integrals of baryon wave functions, which are in turn expressed in terms of the harmonic oscillator parameters $α_ρ$ and $α_λ$ for $ρ$- and $λ$-mode excitation. The measured ratio $R$ of the branching fraction of $Ξ_{cc}^{++}\to Ξ^{\prime +}_cπ^+$ relative to $Ξ_{cc}^{++}\to Ξ_c^+π^+$ can be accommodated in the NRQM with $α_{ρ1}$ and $α_{ρ_2}$ being in the vicinity of 0.51 and 0.19, respectively, where $α_{ρ1}$ is the $α_ρ$ parameter for $Ξ_{cc}^{++}$ and $α_{ρ2}$ for $Ξ_{c}^{(\prime)+}$. Decay asymmetries are predicted to be $-0.78$ and $-0.89$ for $Ξ_c^+π^+$ and $Ξ_c^{\prime +}π^+$ modes, respectively, which can be tested in the near future. We compare our results with other works and point out that although some other models can accommodate the ratio $R$, they tend to lead to a branching fraction of $Ξ_{cc}^{++}\to Ξ_c^+π^+$ too large compared to that inferred from the LHCb measurement of its rate relative to $Ξ_{cc}^{++}\toΛ_c^+ K^- π^+π^+$.
description: 17 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in PRD
Identification of the anomalous fast bulk events in a p-type point contact germanium detector
Creators: name: Li, Renmingjie
name: Liu, Shukui
name: Lin, Shinted
name: Yang, Litao
name: Yue, Qian
name: Fang, Changhao
name: Jia, Haitao
name: Jiang, Xi
name: Li, Qianyun
name: Liu, Yu
name: Yan, Yulu
name: Zhao, Kangkang
name: Zhang, Lei
name: Tang, Changjian
name: Xing, Haoyang
name: Zhu, Jingjun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ultralow detection threshold, ultralow intrinsic background, and excellent energy resolution of p-type point-contact germanium detector are important for rare-event searches, in particular for the detection of direct dark matter interactions, coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering, and neutrinoless double beta decay. Anomalous bulk events with an extremely fast rise time are observed in the CDEX-1B detector. We report a method of extracting fast bulk events from bulk events using a pulse shape simulation and reconstructed source experiment signature. Calibration data and the distribution of X-rays generated by intrinsic radioactivity verified that the fast bulk experienced a single hit near the passivation layer. The performance of this germanium detector indicates that it is capable of single-hit bulk spatial resolution and thus provides a background removal technique.
description: 13 pages, 18 figures, submit to NST
Confining multiple polymers between sticky walls: a directed walk model of two polymers
Creators: name: Wong, Thomas
name: Owczarek, Aleksander L.
name: Rechnitzer, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study a model of two polymers confined to a slit with sticky walls. More precisely, we find and analyse the exact solution of two directed friendly walks in such a geometry on the square lattice. We compare the infinite slit limit, in which the length of the polymer (thermodynamic limit) is taken to infinity before the width of the slit is considered to become large, to the opposite situation where the order of the limits are swapped, known as the half-plane limit when one polymer is modelled. In contrast with the single polymer system we find that the half-plane and infinite slit limits coincide. We understand this result in part due to the tethering of polymers on both walls of the slit. We also analyse the entropic force exerted by the polymers on the walls of the slit. Again the results differ significantly from single polymer models. In a single polymer system both attractive and repulsive regimes were seen, whereas in our two walk model only repulsive forces are observed. We do, however, see that the range of the repulsive force is dependent on the parameter values. This variation can be explained by the adsorption of the walks on opposite walls of the slit.
Photo-induced Tellurium segregation in $\mathrm{MoTe_2}$
Creators: name: Fukuda, Takumi
name: Kaburauchi, Ryota
name: Saito, Yuta
name: Makino, Kotaro
name: Fons, Paul
name: Ueno, Keiji
name: Hase, Muneaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the coherent phonon spectroscopy of polymorphic $\mathrm{MoTe_2}$ single crystals using a femtosecond-pulsed laser to investigate the relationship between structural phase transitions and photo-thermal effects induced by high-density laser excitation. Even when a femtosecond pulsed laser was used, which generally induces fewer heat accumulation effects than the case for a CW laser, tellurium segregation was observed in coherent phonon spectra with increasing excitation density, while no structural phase transition among polymorphs of $\mathrm{MoTe_2}$ was observed. The use of higher photon-energy excitation, however, was found to suppress tellurium segregation.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures, accepted for Physica Status Solidi (RRL) - Rapid Research Letters
Modeling noise propagation in Fourier-filtering wavefront sensing, fundamental limits and quantitative comparison
Creators: name: Chambouleyron, Vincent
name: Fauvarque, Olivier
name: Plantet, Cédric
name: Sauvage, Jean-François
name: Levraud, Nicolas
name: Cissé, Mahawa
name: Neichel, Benoît
name: Fusco, Thierry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Adaptive optics (AO) is a technique allowing to drastically improve ground-based telescopes angular resolution. The wavefront sensor (WFS) is one of the key components of such systems, driving the fundamental performance limitations. In this paper, we focus on a specific class of WFS: the Fourier-filtering wavefront sensors (FFWFS). This class is known for its extremely high sensitivity. However, a clear and comprehensive noise propagation model for any kind of FFWFS is lacking. Considering read-out noise and photon noise, we derive a simple and comprehensive model allowing to understand how these noises propagates in the phase reconstruction in the linear framework. This new noise propagation model works for any kind of FFWFS, and allows to revisit the fundamental sensitivity limit of these sensors. Furthermore, a new comparison between widely used FFWFS is held. We focus on the two main used FFWFS classes: the Zernike WFS (ZWFS) and the pyramid WFS (PWFS), bringing new understanding of their behavior.
Comparison of Roche MONITOR and Organon Teknika NucliSens Assays To Quantify Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 RNA in Cerebrospinal Fluid
Creators: name: McKinsey, J.
name: Harris, V. L.
name: Shepard, R.
name: Fiscus, S. A.
name: Smith, R. M.
name: Johnson, B.
name: Haas, D. W.
name: Clough, L. A.
name: Spearman, P.
name: Nicotera, J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: We compared Roche MONITOR and Organon Teknika NucliSens assays for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Results of 282 assays were highly correlated (r = 0.826), with MONITOR values being 0.29 ± 0.4 log10 copies/ml (mean ± standard deviation) values. Both assays can reliably quantify HIV-1 RNA in CSF.
Prospective Multicenter Clinical Evaluation of AMPLICOR and COBAS AMPLICOR Hepatitis C Virus Tests
Creators: name: Fried, M. W.
name: Nolte, F. S.
name: Polyak, S. J.
name: Ferreira-Gonzalez, A.
name: Shiffman, M. L.
name: Schiff, E. R.
name: Garrett, C. T.
name: Gretch, D. R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: We conducted a multicenter clinical evaluation of the second versions of the manual AMPLICOR and the semiautomated COBAS AMPLICOR tests for hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA (Roche Molecular Systems, Inc., Pleasanton, Calif.). The performance characteristics of these HCV RNA tests for diagnosis of active viral infection were determined by comparison to anti-HCV serological test results, alanine aminotransferase levels, and liver biopsy histology results. A total of 878 patients with clinical or biochemical evidence of liver disease were enrolled at four hepatology clinics. A total of 1,089 specimens (901 serum and 188 plasma) were tested with the AMPLICOR test. Sensitivity compared to serology was 93.1% for serum and 90.6% for plasma. The specificity was 97% for serum and 93.1% for plasma. A total of 1,084 specimens (896 serum and 188 plasma) were tested with the COBAS test. Sensitivities for serum and plasma were the same as with the AMPLICOR test. The specificity was 97.8% for serum and 96.6% for plasma. Of the 69 specimens with false-positive and false-negative AMPLICOR test results relative to those of serology, alternative primer set (APS) reverse transcription (RT)-PCR analysis showed that the AMPLICOR test provided the correct result relative to the specimens containing HCV RNA in 64 (92.7%) specimens. Similarly, 66 of 67 (98.5%) false-positive and false-negative COBAS test results were determined to be correct by APS RT-PCR analysis. There were no substantive differences in clinical performances between study sites, patient groups, specimen types, storage conditions (−20 to −80°C versus 2 to 8°C), or anticoagulants (EDTA versus acid citrate dextrose) for either test. Both tests showed >99% reproducibility within runs, within sites, and overall. We conclude that these tests can reliably detect the presence of HCV RNA, as evidence of active infection, in patients with clinical or biochemical evidence of liver disease.
Review on reactor neutrino present and future
Creators: name: Bezerra, Thiago
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nuclear reactors are an essential source of neutrinos. In this proceeding, I review the past and current status of the research on neutrino oscillations using reactor neutrinos. I also present a promising idea for positron tagging that will potentially be a game-changer in the field.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, Lomonosov 2021 proceeding
Intermittent Attractive Interactions Lead to Microphase Separation in Non-motile Active Matter
Creators: name: Alston, Henry
name: Parry, Andrew O.
name: Voituriez, Raphaël
name: Bertrand, Thibault
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-motile active matter exhibits a wide range of non-equilibrium collective phenomena yet examples are crucially lacking in the literature. We present a microscopic model inspired by the bacteria {\it Neisseria Meningitidis} in which diffusive agents feel intermittent attractive forces. Through a formal coarse-graining procedure, we show that this truly scalar model of active matter exhibits the time-reversal-symmetry breaking terms defining the {\it Active Model B+} class. In particular, we confirm the presence of microphase separation by solving the kinetic equations numerically. We show that the switching rate controlling the interactions provides a regulation mechanism tuning the typical cluster size, e.g. in populations of bacteria interacting via type IV pili.
description: 7 pages (4 figures) of main text plus 12 pages (2 figures) of supplementary information
Comparison of an Assay Using Signal Amplification of the Heat-Dissociated p24 Antigen with the Roche Monitor Human Immunodeficiency Virus RNA Assay
Creators: name: Pascual, A.
name: Cachafeiro, A.
name: Funk, M. L.
name: Fiscus, S. A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2002

description: We compared an assay using signal amplification of a heat-dissociated p24 antigen (HDAg) with the Roche Monitor human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA assay. The two assays gave comparable results when 130 specimens from 130 patients were tested (r = 0.60, P < 0.0001). The HDAg assay was almost as sensitive (85%) as the Roche HIV RNA kit (95%), just as specific (25 negative results from 25 HIV seronegative volunteers [100%]), less variable (mean log standard deviation of 0.07 compared to 0.11 when eight specimens were tested three or four times), and less expensive (reagent and labor costs, $8 versus $75). The assay appeared to be useful for monitoring established patients (n = 17) and identifying seroconverters (n = 4). HIV subtypes A to F were all recognized. This assay should be useful for monitoring patients in resource-poor countries and for monitoring vaccine recipients.
Light Dark Matter Detection with Hydrogen-rich Crystals and Low-Tc TES Detectors
Creators: name: Wang, G.
name: Chang, C. L.
name: Lisovenko, M.
name: Novosad, V.
name: Yefremenko, V. G.
name: Zhang, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Direct detection of nuclear scatterings of sub-GeV Dark Matter (DM) particles favors low-Z nuclei. Hydrogen nucleus, which has a single proton, provides the best kinematic match to a light dark matter particle. The characteristic nuclear recoil energy is boosted by a factor of a few tens from those for larger nuclei used in traditional Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) searches. Furthermore, hydrogen is optimal not only for spin-independent nuclear scatterings of sub-GeV DM, but also for spin-dependent nuclear scatterings, where large parameter space remains unconstrained. In this paper, we first introduce hydrogen-rich crystals, which include water ice, acetylene, anthracene, trans-stilbene, and naphthalene. These crystals emit two classes of signals under kinetic excitations. One class of the signals is infrared photons, which are from optically active fundamental vibrational modes of molecules and are at corresponding characteristic wavelengths. The other is acoustic phonons, and optical phonons that decay into acoustic phonons. We then discuss the technical status and future researches of low-Tc Transition-Edge Sensor (TES) detectors, which measure single infrared photons and a small flux of acoustic phonons with desirable sensitivities. With theoretical modeling to select the hydrogen-rich crystals for the optimized science reach, development of ultra-sensitive low-Tc TES detectors for readout, and experimentally characterizing transport properties of photons and phonons in the selected hydrogen-rich crystals, a direct detection experiment can be built for measuring the large unexplored parameter space of light DM particles.
description: Contribution to Snowmass 2021
Robust and fragile Majorana bound states in proximitized topological insulator nanoribbons
Creators: name: Heffels, Dennis
name: Burke, Declan
name: Connolly, Malcolm R.
name: Schüffelgen, Peter
name: Grützmacher, Detlev
name: Moors, Kristof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological insulator (TI) nanoribbons with proximity-induced superconductivity are a promising platform for Majorana bound states (MBSs). In this work, we consider a detailed modeling approach for a TI nanoribbon in contact with a superconductor via its top surface, which induces a superconducting gap in its surface-state spectrum. The system displays a rich phase diagram with different numbers of end-localized MBSs as a function of chemical potential and magnetic flux piercing the cross section of the ribbon. These MBSs can be robust or fragile upon consideration of electrostatic disorder. We simulate a tunneling spectroscopy setup to probe the different topological phases of top-proximitized TI nanoribbons. Our simulation results indicate that a top-proximitized TI nanoribbon is ideally suited for realizing fully gapped topological superconductivity, in particular when the Fermi level is pinned near the Dirac point. In this regime, the setup yields a single pair of MBSs, well separated at opposite ends of the proximitized ribbon, which gives rise to a robust quantized zero-bias conductance peak.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures