cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Physical and electrochemical study of halide-modified activated carbons
Creators: name: Barpanda, Prabeer
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2009

description: The current thesis aims to improve the electrochemical capacity of activated carbon electrodes, which enjoy prominent position in commercial electrochemical capacitors. Our approach was to develop electrochemical capacity by developing faradaic pseudocapacitance in carbon through a novel mechanochemical modification using iodine and bromine.Various commercial carbons were mechanochemically modified via solid-state iodation and vapour phase iodine-incorporation. The halidation-induced changes in the structure, composition, morphology, electrical and electrochemical properties of carbon materials were studied using different characterization techniques encompassing XRD, XRF, XPS, Raman spectroscopy, BET study, TEM, SAXS and electrochemical testing followed by an intensive battery of physical and electrochemical characterization. The introduction of iodine into carbon system led to the formation of polyiodide species that were preferentially reacted within the micropore voids within the carbon leading to the development of a faradaic reaction at 3.1V. In spite of the lower surface area of modified carbon, we observed manyfold increase in its electrochemical capacity. Parallel inception of non-faradaic development and faradaic pseudocapacitive reaction led to promising gravimetric, surface area normalized and volumetric capacity in iodated carbons. With promising electrochemical improvement post halidation process, the chemical halidation method was extended to different class of carbons and halides. Carbons ranging from amorphous (activated) carbons to crystalline carbons (graphites, fluorographites) were iodine-modified to gain further insight on the local graphite-iodine chemical interaction. In addition, the effect of pore size distribution on chemical iodation process was studied by using in-house fabricated microporous carbon. A comparative study of commercial mesoporous carbons and in-house fabricated microporous carbons showed higher iodine-uptake ability and larger volumetric capacity development in case of microporous carbons. For halides, bromine was also tested in activated carbons, which showed similar set of physical and electrochemical modification, but to a smaller degree. Carbon-polyhalide nanocomposites form a very interesting system both for fundamental research and as new electrode systems for asymmetric hybrid capacitor and low-voltage high power battery type applications.
Topics in strongly correlated electrons
Creators: name: Berdnikov, Ilya
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2009

description: The thesis is a collection of three topics connected together by the common themes of strong interactions, magnetism and quantum phases, such as the Aharonov-Bohm or Berry phase.The first part of the present dissertation discusses the possibility of examining microscopic origins of magnetism in strongly interacting systems by exploiting the setting of ultra-cold atomic gases in optical lattices. We discuss signatures of correlation in the trap, and propose an experiment to measure the phase diagram of itinerant magnetism directly.The second part focuses on the exotic phase of matter exhibiting the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect, which emerges when interacting particles are placed in a very strong magnetic field. We propose a trial ground state wave-function and prove that it is the unique highest density ground state of a well-motivated pseudo-potential Hamiltonian. The exchange statistics of quasiparticles are shown to be exotic, and overlaps with results of exact diagonalization arealso discussed. The final part of the thesis studies frustrated magnetic systems, in which competing forces cannot not be satisfied simultaneously, doped with electrons. The interplay of frustration and itinerant behavior generates Berry phases associated with charge transport. We study the effects of these phases on electronic behavior, as well as the effect electrons have on the underlyingmagnetic textures. In the quasi-classical limit, we conjecture a field-driven metal-insulator transition, and discuss persistent currents arising in ground states selected by the presence of charge. In the quantum regime we derive the full Hamiltonian and discuss small fluctuations about the classical results.
Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) as a molecular target to limit cellular mortality under hypoxia
Creators: name: Betigeri, Seema S. (Seema Shreesh)
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2009

description: Many pathological conditions and environmental impacts lead to a decrease in tissue oxygen supply and severe cellular hypoxia. This secondary hypoxia can disturb cellular homeostasis, limiting the efficacy of the prescribed treatment for the primary disease, eventually leading to cellular and organismal death. Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) plays a central role in the development of cellular damage under hypoxia, hypoxia/reoxygenation and ischemia/reperfusion conditions. Therefore, we selected JNK1 protein as a molecular target to limit cellular damage and death during hypoxia. The primary objective of this research was to study the influence of the suppression of JNK1 on the development of cellular hypoxic damage. It was hypothesized that suppression of JNK1 will decrease cellular mortality under hypoxia and may increase the efficacy of traditional treatment of many pathological conditions. The hypothesis was verified under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Another objective was to develop a non-viral system for intracellular delivery of antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) and small interfering RNA (siRNA). ASO and siRNA targeted to JNK1 mRNA delivered by neutral and cationic liposomes, respectively, showed high efficiency in suppressing JNK1 protein. Such suppression limited the caspase dependent apoptosis signaling pathway and decreased cellular mortality induced by severe hypoxia. The results suggest that JNK1 protein might be an attractive target for antihypoxic therapy to increase resistance to many pathological conditions and diseases accompanied by cellular hypoxia.
Flexural study and design of timber beams reinforced with high modulus fibers
Creators: name: Cai, Yanxi
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2009

description: This dissertation presents a strength model to predict the elastic strength and ultimate strength of bending wood beams. The model can also be applied to wood beams reinforced with high modulus carbon fibers on compression and tension sides. For a plain wood beams, its behavior is elasto-plastic in compression and linear elastic in tension. For strengthened beams, considering the composite contributes to steady decrease of tension strength after yielding, part of plastic region is incorporated in the model. A specific strength model is described for balsa beams due to the distinct properties of balsa wood. The balsa wood model considered the influence of shear stress and deflection due to shear.  In elastic range, the model is established on the fact that the elastic properties reach their elastic limit in directions other than the natural axes. The balsa beam model predicted failure based on ultimate shear strength. Extensive laboratory program results were gathered and compared with analysis results from the strength model. The experimental results were also utilized to calibrate the model. The comparison verifies that the behavior of wood beams can be predicted from the proposed strength model with reasonable error. Step by step design procedure for high modulus carbon fiber reinforced wood beams is presented to estimate the dimension of wood core needed and the amount of reinforcement needed for required loading situation.
Additional file 2: of A series of N-of-1 trials to assess the therapeutic interchangeability of two enalapril formulations in the treatment of hypertension in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Chalachew Alemayehu
name: Mitchell, Geoffrey
name: Aseffa, Abraham
name: Clavarino, Alexandra
name: McGree, James
name: Nikles, Jane
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Patient Information Sheet and Informed Consent Form. (DOCX 99 kb)
Exploiting wireless broadcasting nature for high-throughput 802.11 mesh networks
Creators: name: Zhang, Jian
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2008

description: Wireless mesh networking (WMN) has seen great research and commercial interests recently. It is considered a promising technology for implementing wireless community networks. Although the ubiquitous and low-cost Wi-Fi devices make IEEE 802.11 a prevailing choice for wireless mesh networks, the current IEEE 802.11 protocols cannot achieve full utilization of network capacity in wireless mesh networks. When dealing with multi-hop transmissions, IEEE 802.11 MAC presents low efficiency in coordinating concurrent transmissions, ineffectiveness in avoiding interference. In this dissertation, we demonstrate the factors that lead to low capacity in 802.11 mesh netowrks, and we survey the existing work on improving the network throughput. A large class of previous work focuses on coping with the interference, i.e., curbing the negative effect of broadcast nature of wireless signaling. In contrast, another set of workintroduced here tries to exploit the wireless broadcasting, and it exhibits promising potential for large throughput gain in mesh networks.We propose three methods that further take advantage of wireless broadcasting. They all aim at achieving high throughput in WMNs, while exploiting the broadcasting nature in different aspects.The first work passively makes use of wireless broadcasting in that it collects wireless link information through mere listening. Specifically, we present a non-intrusive method to model and estimate 802.11 link bandwidth based on radio signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).In a more active way, the second method enables mesh senders to probes their receivers for their MAC statuses so that their following transmissions can be more efficient. Owing to wireless broadcasting, multiple receivers are probed simultaneously with one single probing and their diversity/correlations are speculated. With the diversity information, we propose a smart scheduling strategy. We show that such diversity information can greatly improve throughput of mesh senders.Furthermore, the third method proactively uses the packet redundancy caused by wireless transmissions in local area of a network. Such redundancy are usually ignored or even avoided on purpose by traditional protocols. In contrast, we show that it provides an abundant repository of packets for performing network coding. We propose a new protocol called BEND, which enables each potential forwarder to proactively mix/encode the packets that either are intended to or are overheard by this node. This proactive mixing significantly increases the coding opportunities in the network, leading to high capacity gain.
Vertex operator algebras and integrable systems
Creators: name: Chen, Shr-Jing
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2009

description: The goal of this thesis is to explicitly construct vertex operator algebras and their representations from classical integrable systems. We first construct a module for the corresponding affine Lie algebra of level 0 from the dual space of the space of functions on the solutions space of an integrable system, by applying the formal uniformization theorem of Barron, Huang and Lepowsky. Then we show that this module is in fact amodule for the corresponding vertex operator algebra. We hope that our construction of modules for vertex operator algebras associated to affine Lie algebras will lead us to a better understanding of integrable systems in terms of the representation theory of vertex operator algebras.
Viscous cosmological fluids and large-scale structure
Creators: name: Mbewe, BG
name: Mekuria, RR
name: Sahlu, S
name: Abebe, A
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we study the viscous fluid cosmological model that when certain conditions are invoked mimics the $Λ$CDM model. The background equations governing the evolution of viscous interacting fluids in a multifluid system are derived. The Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation is applied to constrain the best-fit cosmological parameters with Supernova Type 1a data. In addition, linear cosmological perturbations are investigated in a dust-matter-dominated frame using a $1+3$ covariant formalism approach. It is evident from the perturbation results obtained that the model predicts the disintegration of bound structures of large-scale structures in the late-time universe.
description: Published in SAIP2023 Proceedings, South African Institute of Physics
Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Polychlorinated biphenyls and depression: cross-sectional and longitudinal investigation of a dopamine-related Neurochemical path in the German HELPcB surveillance program
Creators: name: Gaum, Petra
name: Gube, Monika
name: Schettgen, Thomas
name: Putschรถgl, Franziska
name: Kraus, Thomas
name: Fimm, Bruno
name: Lang, Jessica
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Directed acyclic graph to identify relevant control variables. Table S1. Mean PCB exposure of our study cohort in comparison to other study cohorts; sorted by PCB exposure (DOCX 89 kb)
Travel literature and the development of the novel in eighteenth-century France
Creators: name: Tanaka, Aya
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2008

description: "Travel Literature and the Development of the Novel in Eighteenth-Century France" follows the evolution of the French novel throughout the eighteenth century by examining the epistemological, aesthetic, and literary exchanges between historiography, travel literature, and the novel, three separate yet intertwined modes of representation that were in the process of creating or recreating their modern identities through a systematization of coherent literary rules. I argue that essential changes in the conceptualization and writing of history led to similar developments in the way travel accounts were written, organized, and consumed. As travel literature strengthened its own generic distinctiveness, novelists depicting foreign characters and/or landscapes selectively appropriated the legitimating discourse of travel literature to create an autonomous literary space for the novel. As these novels emulate travel literature, they critically incorporate the problematic questions of legitimacy of travel accounts, and force the novel's claims of truth to take place within a historical methodology discourse which in turn legitimizes it, delineating distinct profiles for history and fiction alike.
Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Polychlorinated biphenyls and depression: cross-sectional and longitudinal investigation of a dopamine-related Neurochemical path in the German HELPcB surveillance program
Creators: name: Gaum, Petra
name: Gube, Monika
name: Schettgen, Thomas
name: Putschรถgl, Franziska
name: Kraus, Thomas
name: Fimm, Bruno
name: Lang, Jessica
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Directed acyclic graph to identify relevant control variables. Table S1. Mean PCB exposure of our study cohort in comparison to other study cohorts; sorted by PCB exposure (DOCX 89 kb)
Development of a volumetric 3D particle tracking velocimetry system and its application to mixing in a stirred tank
Creators: name: Cheng, Ye
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2009

description: Quantitative fluid flow visualization and measurements are highly demanded in mechanical, chemical, medical and many other science and engineering fields to investigate fluid phenomena, understand theoretical principles and support computational prediction. Three-dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry (3D-PTV) is a powerful and comprehensive measurement technique that provides instantaneous 3D volumetric velocity information and Lagrangian description of particle trajectories. This work is based on the 3D-PTV technique that was developed at the Institute of Geodesy and Photogrammetric at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich. Theoretical principles of the technique were studied based on geometric imaging and computer vision. A complete 3D-PTV system was designed, assembled, synchronized, and tested. A study of the accuracy of the 3D-PTV system in terms of the influence of each component was performed. 2D-PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) measurements were done on the same experimental setup used in the 3D-PTV system. Results showed good quantitative agreement between the velocity information obtained with the two systems, which validates the results of the 3D-PTV measurement system. The developed 3D PTV system was applied to the study of mixing in a stirred tank showing that this technique has great potential for the study of low Reynolds number flows where the time-resolved trajectory of particles is important. Further improvement on the configurations and data analysis of the system can provide higher accuracy, higher spatial and temporal resolution, and less complexity, which will lead to an extension on its application.
Quantitative studies of aging using statistical mechanics and probabilistic approaches
Creators: name: David-Rus, Diana
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2009

description: Aging biology finds itself in a post-genomic era. Hopes of bringing methods developed in mathematics, physics or statistics into the biology realm are widespread. The goal and unifying theme of my thesis is to get a better understanding of this new and exiting field (and at the same time ancient subject) of aging as a complex process, using quantitative methods. By combining molecular and biophysical modeling with statistical and mathematical tools, my goal was to provide a multi-scale view of the complex biological process that is aging. The approach I am taking involves consideration of the problem on several levels--from transcriptional regulation of gene expression, modeling of biological pathways and interaction networks, to the development of mathematical and statistical methods; from trying to understand the aging process at a transcriptional level, and analyzing and understanding how stochastic factors might come to play a role in aging in understanding aging as an epigenetic process.
Mixedness determination of rare earth-doped ceramics
Creators: name: Czerepinski, Jennifer H.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2009

description: The lack of chemical uniformity in a powder mixture, such as clustering of a minor component, can lead to deterioration of materials properties. A method to determine powder mixture quality is to correlate the chemical homogeneity of a multi-component mixture with its particle size distribution and mixing method. This is applicable to rare earth-doped ceramics, which require at least 1-2 nm dopant ion spacing to optimize optical properties. Mixedness simulations were conducted for random heterogeneous mixtures of Nd-doped LaF3 mixtures using the Concentric Shell Model of Mixedness (CSMM). Results indicate that when the host to dopant particle size ratio is 100, multi-scale concentration variance is optimized. In order to verify results from the model, experimental methods that probe a mixture at the micro, meso, and macro scales are needed. To directly compare CSMM results experimentally, an image processing method was developed to calculate variance profiles from electron images. An in-lens (IL) secondary electron image is subtracted from the corresponding Everhart-Thornley (ET) secondary electron image in a Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) to produce two phases and pores that can be quantified with 50 nm spatial resolution. A macro was developed to quickly analyze multi-scale compositional variance from these images. Results for a 50:50 mixture of NdF3 and LaF3 agree with the computational model. The method has proven to be applicable only for mixtures with major components and specific particle morphologies, but the macro is useful for any type of imaging that produces excellent phase contrast, such as confocal microscopy. Fluorescence spectroscopy was used as an indirect method to confirm computational results for Nd-doped LaF3 mixtures. Fluorescence lifetime can be used as a quantitative method to indirectly measure chemical homogeneity when the limits of electron microscopy have been reached. Fluorescence lifetime represents the compositional fluctuations of a dopant on the nanoscale while accounting for billions of particles in a fast, non-destructive manner. The significance of this study will show how small-scale fluctuations in homogeneity limit the optimization of optical properties, which can be improved by the proper selection of particle size and mixing method.
Essays in mechanism design
Creators: name: Ulku, Levent
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2008

description: This dissertation consists of three essays in the theory of mechanism design under incomplete information. In the first essay, we analyze an implementation problem in which monetary transfers are feasible, valuations are interdependent and the set of available choices lies in a product space of lattices. This framework is general enough to subsume many interesting examples, including allocation problems with multiple objects. We identify a class of social choice rules which can be implemented in ex post equilibrium. We identify conditions under which ex post efficient social choice rules are implementable using monotone selection theory. The key conditions are extensions of the single crossing property and supermodularity. These conditions can be replaced with more tractable conditions in multiobject allocation problems with either two objects or two agents.  I also show that the payments which implement monotone social decision rules coincide with the payments of (1) the classical Vickrey-Clarke-Groves mechanism with private values, and (2) the generalized Vickrey auction introduced by Ausubel [1999] in multiunit allocation problems.The second essay generalizes the analysis of optimal (revenue maximizing) mechanism design for the seller of a single object introduced by Myerson [1981].  We consider a problem in which the seller has several heterogeneous objects and buyers' valuations depend on each other's private information. We analyze two nonnested environments in which incentive constraints can be replaced with more tractable monotonicity conditions. We establish conditions under which these monotonicity conditions can be ignored, and show that several earlier analyses of the optimal mechanism design problem can be unified and generalized. In particular, problems with two complementary goods in Levin [1997] and multiunit auction problems in Maskin and Riley [1989] and Branco [1996] are special cases.The third essay considers the problem of selling internet advertising slots to advertisers. Under suitable conditions, we solve for the payments imposed by an optimal mechanism and show that it can be decentralized via prices using a linear assignment approach. At every configuration of private information, optimal mechanism can be interpreted as a menu consisting of a price for every slot.
Topics within the string landscape and metastable supersymmetry breaking
Creators: name: Van Den Broek, Korneel
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2008

description: In this thesis we focus on different aspects related to the central concept of the string landscape. We will first briefly situate the idea of the landscape within string theory and comment on its appealing and less appealing features. We then proceed to describe three projects which all take a different angle on the landscape. First we focus on a particular string compactification which is part of the landscape and analyze this background in detail. Secondly, we do a survey of the different compactification techniques and investigate which properties of the vacuum might lead to a long lived state. Thirdly, we discuss the idea of metastable dynamical supersymmetry breaking and the computer package VScape which was developed to assist in finding metastable states of supersymmetric models.
MOESM1 of Elevated circulating fasting glucagon-like peptide-1 in surgical patients with aortic valve disease and diabetes
Creators: name: Krizhanovskii, Camilla
name: Ntika, Stelia
name: Olsson, Christian
name: Eriksson, Per
name: Franco-Cereceda, Anders
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Patient characteristics.
The world disfigured
Creators: name: Tranter, Kirsten
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2008

description: This dissertation explores moments in poetry of the English Renaissance where figurative language itself is "disfigured" in a way that reflects on the conditions of its own making. In their use of reflexive and disjunctive figures, the poets in my study attend to the problems inherent in representing a world in the process of radical change, and participate in a broad cultural concern with the status of language as a mediating device. Renaissance handbooks on poetics emphasize the need for apt correspondence between things compared in figures such as metaphor, but the poets in my study ask how conventional relationships of correspondence can be maintained in a context of historical disruption: amid royal executions and revolution, religious turmoil and profound changes in understanding the material world. Book V of Spenser's Faerie Queene, the book that suggests the plainest relationship between history and poetry, in fact unsettles any easy sense of the correspondence between terms in the allegorical figure and problematizes the idea of analogy. Donne's Anniversaries represent a world thrown into disproportion by the passing away of an old analogical system. His figures of excess and disproportion draw attention to the limits of figures of comparison, critiquing and revising the forms with which they engage. In response to the devastations of the Civil War, the Royalist poet and pamphleteer Samuel Sheppard creates a literally ruined world where "Confusion here inthroniz'd sits" in the kingdom of Ruina. His unfinished epic poem The Faerie King struggles to find representational forms adequate for a historical moment of pronounced literary and political upheaval. Marvell's "Upon Appleton House" exploits the reflexive properties of catachresis and other figures of disjunction to reflect critically on historical "progress" and the processes of figuration. "'Tis not what it once was, the world,/ But a rude heap together hurled," mourns Marvell; the world is turned upside down in strange, disorienting figures "together hurled" that offer a new, disjunctive language from the ruins of the old.
MOESM1 of Which phenotypic traits of resistance should be improved in cattle to control paratuberculosis dynamics in a dairy herd: a modelling approach
Creators: name: Racem Ben Romdhane
name: GaĂŤl BeaunĂŠe
name: Camanes, Guillaume
name: RaphaĂŤl Guatteo
name: Fourichon, Christine
name: Ezanno, Pauline
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Description of the used within herd model of Map spread.
MOESM1 of The presence of residual gold nanoparticles in samples interferes with the RT-qPCR assay used for gene expression profiling
Creators: name: Sanabria, Natasha
name: Gulumian, Mary
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. In silico analysis of primers.
THE ROLE OF WORD FORMATION IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE
Creators: name: Shermamatova, Sevara
name: Alijonova, Nilufar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Word formation plays a crucial role in the dynamic evolution of the English language, facilitating communication by enriching its vocabulary. This process, which includes affixation, compounding, conversion, and blending, enables the creation of new words to meet the needs of modern communication. Understanding word formation processes not only enhances linguistic competence but also improves language learning and usage. This article examines the various types of word formation, their significance, and their impact on the development of English.
Hubbard Model on the Honeycomb Lattice with an Indefinite Long-Range Interaction
Creators: name: Vaezi, Mohammad-Sadegh
name: Esfahani, Davoud Nasr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several studies have emphasized the impact of long-range Coulomb interactions in lattice fermions, yet conventional Auxiliary Field Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) methods face limitations due to their reliance on positive definite interaction matrices. We address this by decomposing the interaction matrix into positive- and negative-definite components, allowing for QMC calculations with manageable sign properties. This technique enables effective simulations on large lattices. Applying it to a honeycomb lattice with an indefinite interaction matrix, we identify a semi-metal to charge density wave phase transition within the Gross-Neveu criticality class. Notably, the phase transition boundary aligns with regions where the average sign sharply decreases, providing new evidence to the increasingly compelling research on the relationship between phase transitions and the sign problem.
Ensemble fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis of RNA polymerase clamp conformation
Creators: name: Wang, Dongye
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2008

description: Crystal structures of RNA Polymerase (RNAP) and RNAP complexes indicate that the RNAP beta' pincer ("clamp") can exist in a range of conformational states, ranging from a fully open conformation that permits entry and exit of DNA, to a fully closed conformation that prevents entry and exit of DNA.  Clamp closure involves a swinging motion of the beta' pincer by the switch region at the base of the beta' pincer.  In order to define RNAP clamp conformation in solution, we have used fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) to monitor the distance between a first fluorescent probe, serving as donor, incorporated at the tip of the beta' pincer and a second fluorescent probe, serving as acceptor, incorporated at the tip of the beta pincer.  We have developed a procedure that permits incorporation of a fluorescent probe within a protein. The procedure involves preparation of a protein containing the azide-containing unnatural amino acid p-azidophenylalanine at the site of interest, followed by incorporation of a fluorescent probe through azide-specific chemical modification (accomplished by Staudinger-Bertozzi ligation using a phosphine derivative of the fluorescent probe). We have used this procedure to incorporate fluorescent probes at the tips of the RNAP beta' pincer and RNAP beta' pincer.We have used the resulting labeled RNAP derivatives in FRET experiments addressing opening and closing of the RNAP active-center-cleft in transcription initiation and elongation and in FRET experiments addressing effects of small-molecule effectors, myxopyronin (Myx), corallopyronin (Cor), ripostatin (Rip), and lipiarmycin (Lpm), on opening and closing of the RNAP active-center cleft. Results indicate that: (1) RNAP holoenzyme in solution exists predominantly in a partly closed clamp conformational state (2) the RNAP clamp closes upon formation of the RNAP-promoter open complex, yielding a fully closed clamp conformational state (3) the RNAP clamp remains closed--and exhibits no further change in mean clamp conformation--upon formation of RNAP-promoter initial transcribing complexes and transcription elongation complexes. The results support the proposal that Myx, Cor, Rip and Lpm bind to an RNAP- switch-region conformational state and Myx. Cor, Rip and Lpm inhibit RNAP function by trapping the RNAP switch region in this conformational state, thereby interfering with conformational cycling of RNAP clamp important for RNAP function.
Il tempo nell’alto medioevo
Creators: name: Barrett, Samuel
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2024

description: It is in many ways not surprising that the section headed « Time » in The Cambridge History of Western Music Theory published in 2002 begins in the thirteenth century . It was during this century that a systematic way of measuring rhythm in music was first documented for the polyphonic repertory associated with the Cathedral of Notre-Dame in Paris . Earlier medieval notations had provided some indications of rhythmic lengthening and shortening but without specifying relative durations in quantitative terms . Earlier medieval music theory had given a rational account of pitched sounds in terms of intervals and scales but left largely to one side precise measurement of time in music . Such differences in theory and practice imply that circa 1200, or in the closing decades of the twelfth century at the earliest, there was a new impetus to apply quantifiable temporal succession to extended passages of sounding music, or at least to Notre-Dame polyphony .
Using molecular techniques to quantify iron bound nitrogenase in trichodesmium IMS 101 and natural populations
Creators: name: Whittaker, Sherrie
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2008

description: Iron has been widely recognized as a potentially key factor in promoting nitrogen fixation by Trichodesmium. Data from both laboratory and field studies demonstrates that increasing the iron concentrations stimulates growth, photosynthetic rates and nitrogen fixation of both cultured and natural populations. However, quantitative studies that elucidate relationships between cellular iron quotas and physiological mechanisms have been limited. In this study, molecular techniques enabled quantification of the amount of nitrogenase expressed in iron-replete cultures of Trichodesmium IMS 101 over a diel cycle. A standard of the purified iron component of nitrogenase was generated from an expression and protein purification system. Using this standard and known values of intracellular carbon, the amount of nitrogenase per carbon at peak expression was measured, 0.038 mg nitrogenase: mg C. The quantity of iron bound in the nitrogenase structure was then calculated; Fe:C equal to 236.53 [mu]mol: mol. Using estimates of Trichodesmium biomass from the literature, the amount of iron bound in the nitrogenase structure was calculated for various ocean regions, resulting in 2.22 [mu]mol m-3 and 0.05 [mu]mol m-3 of iron bound in nitrogenase in the subtropical North Atlantic and North Pacific, respectively.
Oreonectes platycephalus
Creators: name: Huang, Jin-Qing
name: Yang, Jian
name: Wu, Zhi-Qiang
name: Zhao, Ya-Hui
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Cypriniformes
Nemacheilidae
Oreonectes
Oreonectes platycephalus

description: 5.1 | Oreonectes platycephalus
ASIZB173983-91, ASIZB63235 46.23 – 72.52 mm L S. All 10 specimens checked here are from Guijiang River, Zhaoping County in Guangxi; 25 Aug. 1974.
description: Published as part of Huang, Jin-Qing, Yang, Jian, Wu, Zhi-Qiang & Zhao, Ya-Hui, 2020, Oreonectes guilinensis (Teleostei, Cypriniformes, Nemacheilidae), a new loach species from Guangxi, China, pp. 111-119 in Journal of Fish Biology 96 (1) on page 118, DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14191, http://zenodo.org/record/10981618
Synthesis of carbon nanotubes using methane-air premixed flames seeded with ferrocene
Creators: name: Zak, Alexander
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2008

description: Carbon nanotubes have been extensively studied for two decades. CNTs attracted scientists' attention due to their exceptional mechanical, chemical, and electrical properties. Multiple methods including arc discharge, laser ablation, CVD, and several flame synthesis methods are used to grow CNTs. The most significant problem with all current methods is the high cost and low yield of the generated materials. Furthermore, none of the current mechanisms explain completely the formation mechanism of CNTs.This study utilizes methane-based premixed flames to grow CNTs in a one-dimensional, stagnation point geometry. Vaporized ferrocene Fe(C5H5)2 is seeded into the flame and acts as a catalyst for nanotube growth. CNTs are collected from the substrate located 1.5 cm away from the burner nozzle and are analyzed using TEM, SEM with EDS, and Raman spectroscopy to ascertain the presence of nanotubes.Different carbon structures including carbon nanofibers, MWNTs, and SWNTs are generated using this technique. The presence of MWNTs is observed under TEM, while nanofibers are viewed under SEM. Raman spectroscopy is used to identify SWNTs.
Design, Characterization, and Validation of a Variable Stiffness Prosthetic Elbow
Creators: name: Milazzo, Giuseppe
name: Lemerle, Simon
name: Grioli, Giorgio
name: Bicchi, Antonio
name: Catalano, Manuel G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Intuitively, prostheses with user-controllable stiffness could mimic the intrinsic behavior of the human musculoskeletal system, promoting safe and natural interactions and task adaptability in real-world scenarios. However, prosthetic design often disregards compliance because of the additional complexity, weight, and needed control channels. This paper focuses on designing a Variable Stiffness Actuator (VSA) with weight, size, and performance compatible with prosthetic applications, addressing its implementation for the elbow joint. While a direct biomimetic approach suggests adopting an Agonist-Antagonist (AA) layout to replicate the biceps and triceps brachii with elastic actuation, this solution is not optimal to accommodate the varied morphologies of residual limbs. Instead, we employed the AA layout to craft an elbow prosthesis fully contained in the user's forearm, catering to individuals with distal transhumeral amputations. Additionally, we introduce a variant of this design where the two motors are split in the upper arm and forearm to distribute mass and volume more evenly along the bionic limb, enhancing comfort for patients with more proximal amputation levels. We characterize and validate our approach, demonstrating that both architectures meet the target requirements for an elbow prosthesis. The system attains the desired 120° range of motion, achieves the target stiffness range of [2, 60] Nm/rad, and can actively lift up to 3 kg. Our novel design reduces weight by up to 50% compared to existing VSAs for elbow prostheses while achieving performance comparable to the state of the art. Case studies suggest that passive and variable compliance could enable robust and safe interactions and task adaptability in the real world.
description: This article has been accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Robotics. This is the author's version which has not been fully edited and content may change prior to final publication. Citation information: DOI 10.1109/TRO.2024.3492372
Unveiling the origin of diffusion suppression of hydrogen isotopes at the α-Al2O3(0001)/α-Cr2O3(0001) interfaces
Creators: name: Kunisada, Yuji
name: Sano, Ryotaro
name: Sakaguchi, Norihito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been reported that the α-Al2O3, a promising tritium permeation barrier material for a fusion reactor, can be grown at low temperatures on the α-Cr2O3 template, and that α-Al2O3/α-Cr2O3 composite films have more efficiently suppress the hydrogen isotope permeation than the single α-Al2O3 film. In this study, we investigated the diffusion properties of hydrogen isotopes at the α-Al2O3(0001)/α-Cr2O3(0001) interfaces using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. In the α-Al2O3 region near the interfaces, O-H covalent bonds, which are not observed in the bulk α-Al2O3, are formed, and hydrogen isotopes become stable. Such chemical bonds induced by the interfaces are the origin of hydrogen isotope trapping and result in a larger diffusion barrier than in the α-Al2O3 and the α-Cr2O3. It was also found that the suppression of hydrogen isotope diffusion does not occur at the interface site but at sites adjacent to the interfaces. In addition, the interface enhances the oxygen vacancies, which may also suppress hydrogen isotope permeation.
Development of 4H silicon carbide JFET-based power integrated circuits
Creators: name: Zhang, Yongxi
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2008

description: 4H-Silicon Carbide (4H-SiC) is a promising semiconductor for the next generation of high power, high frequency, and high temperature applications. Significant progresses have been made on SiC technologies since 1990’s. Superior device performance demonstrated by SiC discrete power devices is leading to the commercialization of SiC diodes and transistors targeting mid and high power level applications. As compared to the vertical power devices, the lateral device technology promises to fulfill the monolithic integration of both power devices and control circuits. SiC power integrated circuits (PICs) share similar advantages as Si PICs while providing a much higher power handling capability at higher frequency. In addition, SiC power junction field transistor (JFET) is promising for high temperature, reliable operation without suffering from the reliability problems faced by metal-oxide-semiconductor junction field transistors (MOSFETs) and bipolar junction transistors (BJTs). Therefore, the lateral JFET technology is investigated under this research. This thesis describes design, fabrication, characterization, and further optimization and analysis of a novel vertical channel lateral JFET (VC-LJFET) technology in 4H-SiC and the demonstration of the world’s first SiC power Integrated circuit. A double reduced surface electric field (RESURF) structure is applied to achieve higher voltage and lower on-resistance for the power lateral JFET (LJFET). A 4-stage buffer circuit based on the resistive-load n-type JFET inverter is designed and integrated with the power LJFET to form a monolithic power integrated circuit. Important fabrication procedures are presented. The fabricated power LJFET demonstrates a blocking voltage of 1028 V and a specific on-resistance of 9.1 mΩ·cm2, resulting in a record-high VBR2/RON,SP figure-of-merit (FOM) of 116 MW/cm2 for lateral power devices. The optimized RESURF structure demonstrates blocking capability of 120 V/µm in 4H-SiC. The temperature dependences of important device parameters, such as threshold voltage, transconductance, and electron mobility, are also discussed. Based on the technology, the integration of a high performance lateral power JFET with buffer circuits has been demonstrated for the first time. The SiC LJFET power IC chips demonstrate a record high power level at frequencies up to a few MHz. An on-chip temperature sensing diode is implemented to monitor the chip junction temperature. The rise time and fall time around 20 ns for the SiC power LJFET are observed and remains unchanged even at a junction temperature as high as 250 oC when driven by a Si MOS gate driver. The demonstration of SiC power integration technology points to the robust integrated power electronics applications in the harsh environment and boosts the power level of single-chip power electronic system from 100 W to 1000 W.