cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
IceCube: Performance, Status, and Future
Creators: name: Rott, Carsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-energy neutrinos are uniquely suited to study a large variety of physics as they traverse the universe almost untouched, in contrast to conventional astronomical messengers like photons or cosmic rays which are limited by interactions with radiation and matter at high energies or deflected by ambient magnetic fields. Located at the South Pole, IceCube combined with its predecessor AMANDA comprise the world's largest neutrino telescope. IceCube currently consists of nine strings, each containing 60 digital optical modules, deployed at depths of 1.5 to 2.5km in the ice and an array of 16 surface air-shower stations. IceCube is expected to be completed in early 2011 at which time it will instrument a volume of one km^3 below the IceTop air-shower array covering an area of one km^2. The current IceCube detector performance is described and an outlook given into the large variety of physics that it can address, with an emphasis on the search for ultra-high-energy neutrinos which may shed light on the origins of the highest energy cosmic rays.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures, XIV International Symposium on Very High Energy Cosmic Ray Interactions (ISVHECRI 2006) in Weihai, China, August 15-22, 2006
Detailed investigation on the possibility of using EJ-299-33A plastic scintillator for fast neutron spectroscopy in large scale experiments
Creators: name: Roy, Pratap
name: Banerjee, K.
name: Saha, A. K.
name: Bhattacharya, C.
name: Meenaa, J. K.
name: Bhaskar, P.
name: Mukhopadhyay, S.
name: Bhattacharya, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Detailed characterization of the newly available plastic scintillator (EJ-299-33A) having the pulse shape discrimination (PSD) property has been carried out in case of a large-sized detector (5 in.$\times$5 in.). The pulse height response of the scintillator for nearly mono-energetic neutrons has been reported in case of neutron energies E$_n$ =3, 6 and 9 MeV. Important properties (figure-of-merit (FOM), time resolution, detection efficiency) of the detector has been compared with a commonly used liquid organic scintillator based detector of the same size coupled to the same PMT for uniformity in comparison. The results show that the plastic scintillator detector has about 12$\%$ better time resolution. However, the FOM and detection efficiency were found to be lower than that of the liquid scintillator detector by 40 - 50$\%$ and $\sim $25$\%$, respectively. The possibility of using the new plastic scintillator in large-scale nuclear physics experiments has been pointed out.
Table 2 - Grasshopper_DTA_Results.csv from Inter-and intra-specific variation in grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acrididea) molar form: implications for dietary ecology
Creators: name: Berthaume, Michael A
name: Morley, Matthew J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 310499
subject: Evolutionary biology not elsewhere classified

description: Raw measurements from DTA
∆ιερεύνηση και ανάλυση των παραγόντων που επηρεάζουν την ιδιοκτησία οχημάτων Ιδιωτικής Χρήσης (Ι.Χ.:
Creators: name: Ιωαννίδου, Ευφροσύνη Ιωάννη
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2011
Subjects: Δείκτης ιδιοκτησίας οχημάτων ΓΙ.Χ.,
Γραμμική παλινδρόμηση
Διπλή λογαριθμική παλινδρόμηση
Index of private vehicle ownership,
Linear regression
Double logarithmic regression

description: Σκοπός της παρούσας διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι η διερεύνηση της συσχέτισης - σε μακροσκοπικό επίπεδο – κοινωνικό-οικονομικών δεικτών με την ιδιοκτησία οχημάτων. Για την ανάλυση χρησιμοποιήθηκε βάση δεδομένων που περιελάμβανε στοιχεία για τους Νομούς Αττικής και Θεσσαλονίκης και για τη χρονική περίοδο 1964-2009. Αναπτύχθηκαν μοντέλα γραμμικής παλινδρόμησης από τα οποία προέκυψε και ποσοτικοποιήθηκε η επιρροή κάθε μεταβλητής στον δείκτη ιδιοκτησίας Ι.Χ., δικύκλων και φορτηγών. Στην παρούσα διπλωματική έγινε διεξοδική ανάλυση της βιβλιογραφίας και των ερευνών που σχετίζονται με την ιδιοκτησία οχημάτων ανά κατηγορία και παρουσιάζονται οι κλασσικές έρευνες με δημογραφικά και κοινωνικοοικονομικά στοιχεία και αυτές που εισάγουν στοιχεία αστικής μορφής. Τα αποτελέσματα από τη στατιστική ανάλυση οδηγούν σε δύο βασικά συμπεράσματα. Πρώτον, ότι ο δείκτης ιδιοκτησίας Ι.Χ. αυξάνεται με την μείωση του παρεχόμενου μεταφορικού έργου μεταφρασμένο σε διανυθέντα χιλιόμετρα, ενώ ταυτόχρονα ο δείκτης ιδιοκτησίας μοτοσυκλετών και φορτηγών σχετίζεται άμεσα με το προσφερόμενο δίκτυο οδικών υποδομών με θετική σχέση.
description: The purpose of the current thesis is to investigate the correlation between macroscopic socioeconomic parameters and vehicle ownership. For analysis purposes, a database from Athens and Thessaloniki and for the 1964-2009 period was completed. For statistical purposes, regression models were applied and from these the impact of each variable on vehicle ownership was investigated. In the thesis we conducted a thorough analysis and review of the literature related to vehicle ownership per category and presented relevant literature that assessed demographic and socioeconomic parameters and studies which include urban form parameters. The results of the statistic analysis revealed two important findings. First, car ownership increases with decreases in vehicle kilometers travelled. Second, motorcycle and truck ownership is directly related with the extent of the road infrastructure network offered.
Chromatin interactions predict co-expression in the mouse cortex
Creators: name: Mahfouz, Ahmed
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: The three dimensional conformation of the genome in the cell nucleus influences gene expression regulation. These interactions can be measured using Hi-C data, yet understanding how they affect co-regulation remains challenging. To investigate this, we present the first attempt to predict co-expression based on chromatin interactions. We represent 3D interactions between genes as a network which can be described using its topological properties. We show that characterizing the interaction network using its topology at different scale levels can effectively capture not only direct interactions between gene pairs but also large-scale interactions between chromatin compartments. We use our model to predict co-expression in the mouse cortex using data from Allen Mouse Brain Atlas based on an interaction network of Hi-C data measured in cortical cell.
Entanglement in Gaussian matrix-product states
Creators: name: Adesso, Gerardo
name: Ericsson, Marie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gaussian matrix product states are obtained as the outputs of projection operations from an ancillary space of M infinitely entangled bonds connecting neighboring sites, applied at each of N sites of an harmonic chain. Replacing the projections by associated Gaussian states, the 'building blocks', we show that the entanglement range in translationally-invariant Gaussian matrix product states depends on how entangled the building blocks are. In particular, infinite entanglement in the building blocks produces fully symmetric Gaussian states with maximum entanglement range. From their peculiar properties of entanglement sharing, a basic difference with spin chains is revealed: Gaussian matrix product states can possess unlimited, long-range entanglement even with minimum number of ancillary bonds (M=1). Finally we discuss how these states can be experimentally engineered from N copies of a three-mode building block and N two-mode finitely squeezed states.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures. Final version to appear as a Rapid Comm. in PRA
Theory of Active Intracellular Transport by DNA-relaying
Creators: name: Hanauer, Christian
name: Bergeler, Silke
name: Frey, Erwin
name: Broedersz, Chase P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spatiotemporal organization of bacterial cells is crucial for the active segregation of replicating chromosomes. In several species, including Caulobacter crescentus, the ATPase ParA binds to DNA and forms a gradient along the long cell axis. The ParB partitioning complex on the newly replicated chromosome translocates up this ParA gradient, thereby contributing to chromosome segregation. A DNA-relay mechanism - deriving from the elasticity of the fluctuating chromosome - has been proposed as the driving force for this cargo translocation, but a mechanistic theoretical description remains elusive. Here, we propose a minimal model to describe force generation by the DNA-relay mechanism over a broad range of operational conditions. Conceptually, we identify four distinct force-generation regimes characterized by their dependence on chromosome fluctuations. These relay force regimes arise from an interplay of the imposed ParA gradient, chromosome fluctuations, and an emergent friction force due chromosome-cargo interactions.
description: Formatting issues in the figures and references have been resolved
title: How phytoplankton size influences fisheries management
Creators: name: Hyde, Kimberly
name: Fogarty, Michael
name: Selig, Elizabeth
name: Kristiansen, Trond
name: Longo, Catherine
name: Kleisner, Kristin
name: Dickey-Collas, Mark
name: Fulton, Elizabeth
name: Minto, Cóilín
Publisher: name: ASC 2013 - Theme session E
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
Ecosystem observation, processes and dynamics

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author. Advancements in the understanding of transfer efficiencies and data available for global primary production allow for key improvements to production potential estimation methods. Fisheries production potential is estimated as a function of the primary production available to higher trophic levels and transfer efficiencies across trophic groups. In this simplified approach, two pathways are recognized for the trophic transfer of primary production – direct grazing by mesozooplankton, principally on diatoms (microplankton); and transfer of nano/picoplankton production through the microbial foodweb. While the fraction of nano/picoplankton production is often greater than microplankton production, direct grazing of microplankton is a more efficient pathway. Here satellite remote sensing models of phytoplankton size classes are used to estimate size fractionated primary production. The fractions of microplankton and nano/picoplankton production are then traced through a simplified food web to determine the fisheries production potential of multiple trophic levels at the scale of Large Marine Ecosystems (LME). Microplankton production is highly variable among the LMEs, which is reflected in the patterns of fisheries production. We explore various scenarios showing how the ability to model different size groups of phytoplankton and their energy pathways is essential for estimating fisheries production potential and understanding possible consequences of changes in the phytoplankton community composition.
2-Group Global Symmetries and Anomalies in Six-Dimensional Quantum Field Theories
Creators: name: Cordova, Clay
name: Dumitrescu, Thomas T.
name: Intriligator, Kenneth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine six-dimensional quantum field theories through the lens of higher-form global symmetries. Every Yang-Mills gauge theory in six dimensions, with field strength $f^{(2)}$, naturally gives rise to a continuous 1-form global symmetry associated with the 2-form instanton current $J^{(2)} \sim * \text{Tr} \left( f^{(2)} \wedge f^{(2)}\right)$. We show that suitable mixed anomalies involving the gauge field $f^{(2)}$ and ordinary 0-form global symmetries, such as flavor or Poincaré symmetries, lead to continuous 2-group global symmetries, which allow two flavor currents or two stress tensors to fuse into the 2-form current $J^{(2)}$. We discuss several features of 2-group symmetry in six dimensions, many of which parallel the four-dimensional case. The majority of six-dimensional supersymmetric conformal field theories (SCFTs) and little string theories have infrared phases with non-abelian gauge fields. We show that the mixed anomalies leading to 2-group symmetries can be present in little string theories, but that they are necessarily absent in SCFTs. This allows us to establish a previously conjectured algorithm for computing the 't Hooft anomalies of most SCFTs from the spectrum of weakly-coupled massless particles on the tensor branch of these theories. We then apply this understanding to prove that the $a$-type Weyl anomaly of all SCFTs with a tensor branch must be positive, $a > 0$.
description: 56 pages; minor edits and added references
Flocculation of Fraser River sediments due to pulp mill effluents
Creators: name: Evans, Wayne John
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Recently, researchers noted an aggregation phenomenon downstream of a pulp mill effluent discharge. A large quantity of the sediment in the Athabasca River deposited downstream of the discharge of the pulp mill effluent (Krishnappan et al., 1994). This effect may be significant on the Fraser River, where a number of pulp mills along its length discharge effluent. This aggregation phenomenon could not be explained by existing coagulation / flocculation theories, and an experimental investigation was undertaken. Experiments involved simple jar testing and settling tests in settling columns. The jar tests were completed in Prince George using pulp mill effluent, and Fraser River water. Throughout these tests, turbidity measurements were made which resulted in some ambiguity surrounding interpretation of the results. Nonetheless, on addition of pulp mill effluent to river water, it was noted that a reduction in turbidity occurred with respect to expected values immediately after mixing. The magnitude of this turbidity reduction was also shown to be greatest when effluent and river water were mixed in equal proportions. The turbidity reduction was thought to indicate aggregation of solids in the effluent - river water mixture. Settling experiments were completed in a settling column, and measurements of total suspended solids were made. This enabled information regarding settling velocities to be obtained, which are related to aggregate size. It was found that on mixing effluent with a suspension of illite, the settleability of the suspended solids was greatly improved. The same results were not achieved when a suspension of Fraser River sediment and effluent were mixed, and it appeared that the settleability of suspended solids was actually impeded due to the addition of effluent in this instance. An analysis of the field data collected by field researchers (Krishnappan, 1994; Droppo, 1994) was also completed. The analysis completed was more detailed than any previously completed, and indicated that there may be aggregation of particles within the effluent plume of the Northwood mill at Prince George. The degree of aggregation appeared to be slight, and hence not likely to affect the overall transport of suspended solids within the Fraser River.
Αλγόριθμοι για τη σύσταση προτάσεων-η περίπτωση του socialMF:
Creators: name: Λώλη, Μαρία Περικλή
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2011
Subjects: συστήματα πρότασης
κοινωνικά δίκτυα
αλγόριθμος socialMF
social networks
socialMF algorithm
recommender systems

description: In this project, we describe and analyze the general principles of recommender systems, the various applications they have, the different design of algorithms that exist and finally, how their results can be boosted with the use of a dataset taken from social networks. As we saw, it is very important the way we extract knowledge(ratings or trust) and the dataset we use to improve or customize the results of our algorithm. SocialMF becomes the center of attention in our research where trust plays a substantial role: trust propagation and matrix factorization can describe the way.
description: Σε αυτή την πτυχιακή παρουσιάσαμε και αναλύσαμε τις βασικές αρχές των συστημάτων πρότασης, τους τρόπους εφαρμογής τους, τους αλγόριθμους που υποστηρίζουν τη λειτουργία τους και τέλος, πώς μπορεί να βελτιωθεί η ποιότητα των προτάσεων με τη χρήση δεδομένων από κοινωνικά δίκτυα. Όπως συμπεράναμε, είναι πολύ σημαντικός ο τρόπος που εξάγουμε είτε τις βαθμολογίες είτε την εμπιστοσύνη για να εξατομικεύσουμε τις προτάσεις. Ο SocialMF ήταν το κέντρο της ανάλυσης που κάναμε όπου η εμπιστοσύνη μέσω της διάχυσης στον γράφο και της παραγοντοποίησης των πινάκων παίζει πολύ σημαντικό ρόλο.
Detecting neutrino mass difference with cosmology
Creators: name: Slosar, Anze
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmological parameter estimation exercises usually make the approximation that the three standard neutrinos have degenerate mass, which is at odds with recent terrestrial measurements of the difference in the square of neutrino masses. In this paper we examine whether the use of this approximation is justified for the cosmic microwave background (CMB) spectrum, matter power spectrum and the CMB lensing potential power spectrum. We find that, assuming m^2_{23} ~ 2.5x10^{-3}$eV^2 in agreement with recent Earth based measurements of atmospheric neutrino oscillations, the correction due to non-degeneracy is of the order of precision of present numerical codes and undetectable for the foreseeable future for the CMB and matter power spectra. An ambitious experiment that could reconstruct the lensing potential power spectrum to the cosmic variance limit up to l~1000 will have to take the effect into account in order to avoid biases. The degeneracies with other parameters, however, will make the detection of the neutrino mass difference impossible. We also show that relaxing the bound on the neutrino mass difference will also increase the error-bar on the sum of neutrino masses by a factor of up to a few. For exotic models with significantly non-degenerate neutrinos the corrections due to non-degeneracy could become important for all the cosmological probes discussed here.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, v2: replaced with version accepted to the PRD: added fisher matrix analysis, conclusions somewhat chaged
In vivo cell-specific characterization of cortical spreading depression
Creators: name: Mendez, Jorge
name: Theriot, Jeremy
name: KC Brennan
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is involved in migraine, stroke, and brain injury. The electrical and hemodynamic changes caused by CSD have been extensively described, but this knowledge is not paralleled by a detailed cell-level description. The availability of new genetic and imaging techniques provides the opportunity to study the phenomenon at this level.

We used in vivo two-photon laser scanning microscopy in mice to study calcium and glutamate dynamics in neurons and in astrocytes, and image blood vessels during CSD. Modulation of CSD phenotype was tested pharmacologically by injection of 2-Methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine (MPEP), an inhibitor of neuron-glia coupling, and memantine, an NMDA antagonist.
Search Engine Similarity Analysis: A Combined Content and Rankings Approach
Creators: name: Dritsa, Konstantina
name: Sotiropoulos, Thodoris
name: Skarpetis, Haris
name: Louridas, Panos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: How different are search engines? The search engine wars are a favorite topic of on-line analysts, as two of the biggest companies in the world, Google and Microsoft, battle for prevalence of the web search space. Differences in search engine popularity can be explained by their effectiveness or other factors, such as familiarity with the most popular first engine, peer imitation, or force of habit. In this work we present a thorough analysis of the affinity of the two major search engines, Google and Bing, along with DuckDuckGo, which goes to great lengths to emphasize its privacy-friendly credentials. To do so, we collected search results using a comprehensive set of 300 unique queries for two time periods in 2016 and 2019, and developed a new similarity metric that leverages both the content and the ranking of search responses. We evaluated the characteristics of the metric against other metrics and approaches that have been proposed in the literature, and used it to (1) investigate the similarities of search engine results, (2) the evolution of their affinity over time, (3) what aspects of the results influence similarity, and (4) how the metric differs over different kinds of search services. We found that Google stands apart, but Bing and DuckDuckGo are largely indistinguishable from each other.
description: Shorter version of this paper was accepted in the 21st International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering (WISE 2020). The final authenticated version is available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62008-0_2
Point contact spectroscopy of hopping transport: effects of a magnetic field
Creators: name: Kozub, V. I.
name: Zyuzin, A. A.
name: Entin-Wohlman, O.
name: Aharony, A.
name: Galperin, Y. M.
name: Vinokur, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The conductance of a point contact between two hopping insulators is expected to be dominated by the individual localized states in its vicinity. Here we study the additional effects due to an external magnetic field. Combined with the measured conductance, the measured magnetoresistance provides detailed information on these states (e.g. their localization length, the energy difference and the hopping distance between them). We also calculate the statistics of this magnetoresistance, which can be collected by changing the gate voltage in a single device. Since the conductance is dominated by the quantum interference of particular mesoscopic structures near the point contact, it is predicted to exhibit Aharonov-Bohm oscillations, which yield information on the geometry of these structures. These oscillations also depend on local spin accumulation and correlations, which can be modified by the external field. Finally, we also estimate the mesoscopic Hall voltage due to these structures.
description: 7 pages, 5 figure
PHEX, DMP1 and FGF23 mutations in a malaysian hypophosphatemic rickets patient
Creators: name: Razali, Nurul Nadirah
name: Tzer Hwu Ting
name: Karuppiah Thilakavathy
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: Hypophosphatemic rickets (HR) is a type of bone disorder that causes skeletal deformities due to reduced renal phosphate reabsorption that affect bone mineralization. Defect on PHEX, DMP1 and FGF23 causes X-linked dominant, autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant HR, respectively. The aim of this study was to identify the underlying genetic mutations in PHEX, DMP1 and FGF23 in a 15-year-old female who exhibits the clinical features of HR that was confirmed by laboratory tests and radiological assessment. The parents and her 2 other siblings did not show any clinical symptoms of HR. Genetic variations in these genes were assessed using polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing of coding exons and flanking intronic regions. The proband was found to have mismatch mutations in all three genes leading to amino acid changes at E4Q, S69C and T239M in PHEX, DMP1 and FGF23, respectively. Based on SIFT and PolyPhen tools that predict functional impact of amino acid changes, E4Q mutation in PHEX was evaluated as tolerable and probably damaging, respectively. The tools predicted the mutation found in DMP1 (S69C) as damaging and probably damaging, while T239M mutation in FGF23 as tolerable and benign, respectively. E4Q and S69C mutations had been reported to affect bone mineralization and causes hypophosphatemia in HR patients, while T239M mutation was identified in hypophosphatemic stone formers. The presence of three mutations in genes related to HR probably was the reason for severe clinical manifestations of HR in this patient. The molecular diagnosis confirmed the clinical diagnosis of HR in this patient and contributes significantly to genetic counseling and help improve patient clinical care and management.
title: Simulating the effects of zooplankton food web dynamics on the sardine fishery using an individual-based multi-species model of the California Current
Creators: name: Rose, Kenneth A.
name: Curchitser, Enrique
name: Fiechter, Jerome
name: Hedstrom, Kate
name: Haynie, Alan
name: Bernal, Miguel
name: Ito, Shin-ichi
name: Lluch-Cota, Salvador
name: Edwards, Christopher A.
name: Creekmore, Sean
name: Checkley, Dave
name: MacCall, Alec
name: Koslow, Tony
name: McClatchie, Sam
name: Werner, Francisco
Publisher: name: ASC 2013 - Theme session E
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
Ecosystem observation, processes and dynamics

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author. Fisheries managers are increasingly being asked to quantify fishing effects at the ecosystem level and to project fishing effects under future, previously unobserved conditions. In many cases, this requires models that represent food web interactions. We present our progress to date on the development of an end-to-end modeling framework within the widely-used ROMS (Regional Ocean Modeling System) circulation model. We describe our preliminary version of the modeling framework, which focuses on anchovies and sardines in the California Current system. We demonstrate how the various submodels can be solved simultaneously for a multi-decadal historical simulation (1959-2008), and present the results of comparing the annual catch of sardine to the temperature and food web conditions within the historical simulation. We need to be pushing the limits of modeling and data now to be ready in 10 years for fisheries management challenges.
The future of astronomy with small satellites
Creators: name: Serjeant, Stephen
name: Elvis, Martin
name: Tinetti, Giovanna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The number of small satellites has grown dramatically in the past decade from tens of satellites per year in the mid-2010s to a projection of tens of thousands in orbit by the mid-2020s. This presents both problems and opportunities for observational astronomy. Small satellites offer complementary cost-effective capabilities to both ground-based astronomy and larger space missions. Compared to ground-based astronomy, these advantages are not just in the accessibility of wavelength ranges where the Earth's atmosphere is opaque, but also in stable, high precision photometry, long-term monitoring and improved areal coverage. Astronomy has a long history of new observational parameter spaces leading to major discoveries. Here we discuss the potential for small satellites to explore new parameter spaces in astrophysics, drawing on examples from current and proposed missions, and spanning a wide range of science goals from binary stars, exoplanets and solar system science to the early Universe and fundamental physics.
description: Nature Astronomy, in press. 2 figures. Smallsats special issue (with separate articles on problems/mitigations for ground-based/space astronomy)
Method to compute the stress-energy tensor for a quantized scalar field when a black hole forms from the collapse of a null shell
Creators: name: Anderson, Paul R.
name: Siahmazgi, Shohreh Gholizadeh
name: Clark, Raymond D.
name: Fabbri, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A method is given to compute the stress-energy tensor for a massless minimally coupled scalar field in a spacetime where a black hole forms from the collapse of a spherically symmetric null shell in four dimensions. Part of the method involves matching the modes for the in vacuum state to a complete set of modes in Schwarzschild spacetime. The other part involves subtracting from the unrenormalized expression for the stress-energy tensor when the field is in the in vacuum state, the corresponding expression when the field is in the Unruh state and adding to this the renormalized stress-energy tensor for the field in the Unruh state. The method is shown to work in the two-dimensional case where the results are known.
description: 40 pages, 4 figures
The two types of Cherenkov gluons at LHC energies
Creators: name: Dremin, I. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Beside comparatively low energy Cherenkov gluons observed at RHIC, there could be high energy gluons at LHC, related to the high energy region of positive real part of the forward scattering amplitude. In both cases they give rise to particles emitted along some cone. The characteristics of the cones produced by these two types of gluons are different. Therefore different experiments are needed to detect them. The cosmic ray event which initiated this idea is described in detail.
description: 6 pages, talk at IWCF2006, Hangzhou, China
Algorithmic Algebraic Geometry and Flux Vacua
Creators: name: Gray, James
name: He, Yang-Hui
name: Lukas, André
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We develop a new and efficient method to systematically analyse four dimensional effective supergravities which descend from flux compactifications. The issue of finding vacua of such systems, both supersymmetric and non-supersymmetric, is mapped into a problem in computational algebraic geometry. Using recent developments in computer algebra, the problem can then be rapidly dealt with in a completely algorithmic fashion. Two main results are (1) a procedure for calculating constraints which the flux parameters must satisfy in these models if any given type of vacuum is to exist; (2) a stepwise process for finding all of the isolated vacua of such systems and their physical properties. We illustrate our discussion with several concrete examples, some of which have eluded conventional methods so far.
description: 41 pages, 4 figures
title: Spatial assessment of predator–prey relationships in the North Sea: the influence of abiotic habitat properties on the spatial overlap between 0-group cod and grey gurnard
Creators: name: Kempf, Alexander
name: Stelzenmüller, Vanessa
name: Akimova, Anna
name: Floeter, Jens
Publisher: name: ASC 2013 - Theme session E
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
Ecosystem observation, processes and dynamics

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author. The understanding of spatio-temporal dynamics of marine ecosystems is crucial for ecosystem-based fisheries management and climate change impact assessments. We quantified temporal changes in the distribution of 0-group cod (Gadus morhua) and grey gurnard (Eutriglia gurnardus), a primary predator of 0-group cod, with the help of regression kriging and assessed the temporal dynamics of the related spatial predator–prey overlap of these two species at different spatial scales.
Geometric Scaling in Mueller-Navelet Jets
Creators: name: Iancu, E.
name: Kugeratski, M. S.
name: Triantafyllopoulos, D. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that the production of Mueller-Navelet jets at the LHC represents a convenient environment to study gluon saturation and high energy scattering in the presence of unitarity corrections. We show that, in a suitable range of transverse momenta for the produced jets, the cross section for the partonic subprocess should exhibit geometric scaling. We point out that, in the presence of a running coupling, the cross section for producing hard jets cannot be fully computed in perturbation theory, not even after taking into account the saturation effects: the non-perturbative physics affects the overall normalization of the cross section, but not also its geometric scaling behavior.
description: 24 pages
title: Temporal dynamics of the major predator interaction in the Barents Sea
Creators: name: Durant, Joël M.
name: Skern-Mauritzen, Mette
name: Krasnov, Yuri
name: Nikolaeva, Natalia
name: Lindstrøm, Ulf
Publisher: name: ASC 2013 - Theme session E
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
Ecosystem observation, processes and dynamics

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author. How much does the diet of these predators change between years? What is provoking these changes when they exist? To what extent do their diets overlap? Is the diet overlap constant through time and if not what is driving these changes?
Cicero: A Declarative Grammar for Responsive Visualization
Creators: name: Kim, Hyeok
name: Rossi, Ryan
name: Du, Fan
name: Koh, Eunyee
name: Guo, Shunan
name: Hullman, Jessica
name: Hoffswell, Jane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Designing responsive visualizations can be cast as applying transformations to a source view to render it suitable for a different screen size. However, designing responsive visualizations is often tedious as authors must manually apply and reason about candidate transformations. We present Cicero, a declarative grammar for concisely specifying responsive visualization transformations which paves the way for more intelligent responsive visualization authoring tools. Cicero's flexible specifier syntax allows authors to select visualization elements to transform, independent of the source view's structure. Cicero encodes a concise set of actions to encode a diverse set of transformations in both desktop-first and mobile-first design processes. Authors can ultimately reuse design-agnostic transformations across different visualizations. To demonstrate the utility of Cicero, we develop a compiler to an extended version of Vega-Lite, and provide principles for our compiler. We further discuss the incorporation of Cicero into responsive visualization authoring tools, such as a design recommender.
description: 14 pages, 15 figures, accepted to CHI 2022
Massively Parallel Graph Drawing and Representation Learning
Creators: name: Böhm, Christian
name: Plant, Claudia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: To fully exploit the performance potential of modern multi-core processors, machine learning and data mining algorithms for big data must be parallelized in multiple ways. Today's CPUs consist of multiple cores, each following an independent thread of control, and each equipped with multiple arithmetic units which can perform the same operation on a vector of multiple data objects. Graph embedding, i.e. converting the vertices of a graph into numerical vectors is a data mining task of high importance and is useful for graph drawing (low-dimensional vectors) and graph representation learning (high-dimensional vectors). In this paper, we propose MulticoreGEMPE (Graph Embedding by Minimizing the Predictive Entropy), an information-theoretic method which can generate low and high-dimensional vectors. MulticoreGEMPE applies MIMD (Multiple Instructions Multiple Data, using OpenMP) and SIMD (Single Instructions Multiple Data, using AVX-512) parallelism. We propose general ideas applicable in other graph-based algorithms like \emph{vectorized hashing} and \emph{vectorized reduction}. Our experimental evaluation demonstrates the superiority of our approach.
Light quark electromagnetic structure of baryons
Creators: name: Hedditch, J. N.
name: Lasscock, B. G.
name: Leinweber, D. B.
name: Williams, A. G.
name: Zanotti, J. M.
name: Zhang, J. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fascinating aspects of the light quark-mass behavior of baryon electromagnetic form factors are highlighted. Using FLIC fermions on $20^3 \times 40$ quenched ${\cal O}(a^2)$-improved gauge fields, we explore charge radii and magnetic moments at pion masses as light as 300 MeV. Of particular interest is chiral curvature of proton charge radii and magnetic moments, the environmental dependence of strange quark properties in hyperons, and the remarkable signature of quenched chiral-nonanalytic behavior in the magnetic moment of $Δ$ baryon resonances.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, Presented at the 24th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 2006), Tucson, Arizona, 23-28 Jul 2006
A renormalizable effective theory for leading logarithms in ChPT
Creators: name: Bissegger, Moritz
name: Fuhrer, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that the linear sigma model at small external momenta is an effective theory for the leading logarithms of chiral perturbation theory. Based on this assumption an attempt is made to sum these leading logarithms using the standard renormalization group techniques, which are valid in renormalizable quantum field theories.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
title: In search of operational trophic species to develop foodweb indicators in Portuguese waters.
Creators: name: Mendes, Hugo
name: Angélico, Maria Manuel
name: de Fátima Borges, Maria
Publisher: name: ASC 2013 - Theme session E
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
Ecosystem observation, processes and dynamics

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author. Understanding how the marine foodweb is structured in the SW Iberian waters and which species and factors are central in its organization is essential to improve knowledge on the ecosystem dynamics and progress towards an ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management. Empirical comprehension of a foodweb at the individual or species level is difficult, extremely data demanding and often leads to high and impractical complexity. Alternatively, species may be selected or aggregated according to certain criteria and represented as units or compartments in a species interaction network. Here we select relevant foodweb species and/or functional groups based on habitat, ecological significance and fisheries relevance in Portuguese waters and identify significant pairwise trophic interactions. As the complexity of an ecosystem largely arises from the complexity in the interactions among its species, we used network analysis to depict foodweb topological properties focusing on the relationships between species. Knowledge of the trophic patterns and foodweb topology was used to identify key species and to assist in the development of foodweb indicators to support management decision on fisheries
Computer assisted planning and orbital surgery: patient-related prediction of osteotomy size in proptosis reduction
Creators: name: Luboz, Vincent
name: Ambard, Dominique
name: Swider, Pascal
name: Boutault, Franck
name: Payan, Yohan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: BACKGROUND: Proptosis is characterized by a protrusion of the eyeball due to an increase of the orbital tissue volume. To recover a normal eyeball positioning, the most frequent surgical technique consists in the osteotomy of orbital walls combined with the manual loading on the eyeball. Only a rough clinical rule is currently available for the surgeons but it is useless for this technique. The first biomechanical model dealing with proptosis reduction, validated in one patient, has been previously proposed by the authors. METHODS: This paper proposes a rule improving the pre-operative planning of the osteotomy size in proptosis reduction. Patient-related poroelastic FE models combined with sensitivity studies were used to propose two clinical rules to improve the pre-operative planning of proptosis reduction. This poroelastic model was run on 12 patients. Sensitivity studies permitted to establish relationships between the osteotoemy size, the patient-related orbital volume, the decompressed tissue volume and the eyeball backward displacement. FINDINGS: The eyeball displacement and the osteotomy size were non-linearly related: an exponential rule has been proposed. The patient-related orbital volume showed a significant influence: a bi-quadratic analytical equation liking the osteotomy size, the orbital volume and the targeted eyeball protrusion has been established. INTERPRETATION: Two process rules derived from patient-related biomechanical FE models have been proposed for the proptosis reduction planning. The implementation of the process rules into a clinical setting is easy since only a sagittal radiography is required. The osteotomy size can be monitored using optical guided instruments.
Cancellation of One-loop Corrections to Scalar Masses in Flux Compactification with Higher Dimensional Operators
Creators: name: Hirose, Takuya
name: Maru, Nobuhito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We further study the cancellation of the one-loop corrections to the scalar mass in a six dimensional SU(2) gauge theory with higher dimensional operators, which is compactified on a torus with magnetic flux. Higher dimensional operators also contribute to the corrections to the scalar mass nontrivially. We explicitly show by the diagrammatic calculations that the corrections are exactly cancelled even with the leading terms of the higher dimensional operators.
description: 29 pages, 4 figures
title: Sensitivity analysis of Ecospace parameters
Creators: name: Romagnoni, Giovanni
name: Mackinson, Steve
name: Eikeset, Anne Maria
Publisher: name: ASC 2013 - Theme session E
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
Ecosystem observation, processes and dynamics

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author. Ecospace is the spatial module of the mass-balanced food web model Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) . Ecospace has the potential for application to fisheries management. However, its important to understand how Ecospace parameters influence the accuracy of spatial predictions of biomass and fishing fleet distribution patterns. Sensitivity analysis is useful for this purpose., in particular for studying the robustness of the model to uncertainty in parameters and for identifying key areas of future research
Analytical solution for the cumulative wake of wind turbines in wind farms
Creators: name: Bastankhah, Majid
name: Welch, Bridget L.
name: Martínez-Tossas, Luis A.
name: King, Jennifer
name: Fleming, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper solves an approximate form of conservation of mass and momentum for a turbine in a wind farm array. The solution is a fairly simple explicit relationship that predicts the streamwise velocity distribution within a wind farm with an arbitrary layout. As this model is obtained by solving flow governing equations directly for a turbine that is subject to upwind turbine wakes, no ad hoc superposition technique is needed to predict wind farm flows. A suite of large-eddy simulations (LES) of wind farm arrays is used to examine self-similarity as well as validity of the so-called conservation of momentum deficit for turbine wakes in wind farms. The simulations are performed with and without the presence of some specific turbines in the wind farm. This allows us to systematically study some of the assumptions made to develop the analytical model. A modified version of the conservation of momentum deficit is also proposed to provide slightly better results at short downwind distances, as well as in the far wake of turbines deep inside a wind farm. Model predictions are validated against the LES data for turbines in both full-wake and partial-wake conditions. While our results highlight the limitation in capturing the flow speed-up between adjacent turbine columns, the model is overall able to acceptably predict flow distributions for a moderately sized wind farm. Finally, the paper employs the new model to provide insights on the accuracy of common wake superposition methods.
description: Accepted for publication in J. Fluid Mech
Waypoint Following Dynamics of a Quaternion Error Feedback Attitude Control System
Creators: name: Karpenko, Mark
name: Halverson, Julie K.
name: Besser, Rebecca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: G.1.7
subject: 93C57

description: Closed-loop attitude steering can be used to implement a non-standard attitude maneuver by using a conventional attitude control system to track a non-standard attitude profile. The idea has been employed to perform zero-propellant maneuvers on the International Space Station and minimum time maneuvers on NASA's TRACE space telescope. A challenge for operational implementation of the idea is the finite capacity of a space vehicle's command storage buffer. One approach to mitigate the problem is to downsample-and-hold the attitude commands as a set of waypoints for the attitude control system to follow. In this paper, we explore the waypoint following dynamics of a quaternion error feedback control law for downsample-and-hold. It is shown that downsample-and-hold induces a ripple between downsamples that causes the satellite angular rate to significantly overshoot the desired limit. Analysis in the $z$-domain is carried out in order to understand the phenomenon. An interpolating Chebyshev-type filter is proposed that allows attitude commands to be encoded in terms of a set of filter coefficients. Using the interpolating filter, commands can be issued at the ACS rate but with significantly reduced memory requirements. The attitude control system of NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter is used as an example to illustrate the behavior of a practical attitude control system.
description: 24 pages; 11 figures