cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Education, Special Needs, and Autism in the Baltic States: Policy Mapping in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania
Creators: name: Van Kessel, Robin
name: Dijkstra, Wiki
name: Prasauskiene, Audrone
name: Villeruša, Anita
name: Brayne, Carol
name: Baron-Cohen, Simon
name: Czabanowska, Katarzyna
name: Roman-Urrestarazu, Andres
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Education
autism
special education needs
policy
Baltics
special education
inclusive education

description: The Soviet occupation of the Baltic States followed by joining the United Nations (UN) and European Union make these countries an interesting point of comparison in the development of autism and education policy. This study investigates how policies changed following the transition and how the right and access to education are facilitated for autistic children by performing a path dependence analysis. All Baltic States created new education policies following the transition out of the Soviet era, with their accession to the UN and their appetite to follow internationally available guidance. The right to education for all children in was adopted in all education systems. Education facilities for children with disabilities were implemented in all countries. Afterward, all countries started toward the development of more inclusive systems. Nevertheless, the majority of policies did not specify for autism, yet covered special education needs in general. A development in Latvia should be noted, where various special education needs are outlined in national policy, along with provisions and professional assistance required to address them in mainstream or special classrooms. Ultimately, education policy flourished after the transition. Their development caught up to other European Union countries and they are currently working on implementing inclusive education.
5.5 years multi-wavelength variability of Mrk 421: evidences of leptonic emission from the radio to TeV
Creators: name: Sliusar, Vitalii
name: Arbet-Engels, Axel
name: Baack, Dominik
name: Balbo, Matteo
name: Beck, Marvin
name: Biland, Adrian
name: Blank, Michael
name: Bretz, Thomas
name: Bruegge, Kai
name: Bulinski, Michael
name: Buss, Jens
name: Doerr, Manuel
name: Dorner, Daniela
name: Elsaesser, Dominik
name: Hildebrand, Dorothee
name: Iotov, Roman
name: Klinger, Marc
name: Mannheim, Karl
name: Neise, Dominik
name: Noethe, Maximilian
name: Paravac, Aleksander
name: Rhode, Wolfgang
name: Schleicher, Bernd
name: Sedlaczek, Kevin
name: Shukla, Amit
name: Tani, Laurits
name: Theissen, Fabian
name: Walter, Roland
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mrk 421 is a high-synchrotron-peaked blazar featuring bright and persistent GeV and TeV emission. We use the longest and densest ongoing unbiased observing campaign obtained at TeV and GeV energies during 5.5 years with the FACT telescope and the Fermi-LAT detector. The contemporaneous multi-wavelength observations were used to characterize the variability of the source and to constrain the underlying physical mechanisms. We study and correlate light curves obtained by nine different instruments from radio to gamma rays and found two significant results. The TeV and X-ray light curves are very well correlated with lag, if any, shorter than a day. The GeV light curve varies independently and accurately leads the variations observed at long wavelengths, in particular in the radio band. We find that the observations match the predictions of leptonic models and suggest that the physical conditions vary along the jet, when the emitting region moves outwards.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, 1 table. High Energy Phenomena in Relativistic Outflows VII (HEPRO VII), 9-12 July, 2019. Barcelona, Spain
Suppressed-gap millimetre wave kinetic inductance detectors using DC-bias current
Creators: name: Zhao, Songyuan
name: Withington, S
name: Goldie, D J
name: Thomas, C N
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Paper
Condensed matter
DC-bias
superconducting resonators
kinetic inductance detectors

description: Funder: CSC Cambridge Scholarship
description: Abstract: In this study, we evaluate the suitability of using DC-biased aluminium resonators as low-frequency kinetic inductance detectors capable of operating in the frequency range of 50–120 GHz. Our analysis routine for supercurrent-biased resonators is based on the Usadel equations and gives outputs including density of states, complex conductivities, transmission line properties, and quasiparticle lifetimes. Results from our analysis confirm previous experimental observations on resonant frequency tuneability and retention of high quality factor. Crucially, our analysis suggests that DC-biased resonators demonstrate significantly suppressed superconducting density of states gap. Consequently these resonators have lower frequency detection threshold and are suitable materials for low-frequency kinetic inductance detectors.
The polarimetric imaging mode of VLT/SPHERE/IRDIS I: Description, data reduction and observing strategy
Creators: name: de Boer, J.
name: Langlois, M.
name: van Holstein, R. G.
name: Girard, J. H.
name: Mouillet, D.
name: Vigan, A.
name: Dohlen, K.
name: Snik, F.
name: Keller, C. U.
name: Ginski, C.
name: Stam, D. M.
name: Milli, J.
name: Wahhaj, Z.
name: Kasper, M.
name: Schmid, H. M.
name: Rabou, P.
name: Gluck, L.
name: Hugot, E.
name: Perret, D.
name: Martinez, P.
name: Weber, L.
name: Pragt, J.
name: Sauvage, J. -F.
name: Boccaletti, A.
name: Coroller, H. Le
name: Dominik, C.
name: Henning, T.
name: Lagadec, E.
name: Ménard, F.
name: Turatto, M.
name: Udry, S.
name: Chauvin, G.
name: Feldt, M.
name: Beuzit, J. -L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. Polarimetric imaging is one of the most effective techniques for high-contrast imaging and characterization of protoplanetary disks, and has the potential to be instrumental in characterizing exoplanets. VLT/SPHERE contains the InfraRed Dual-band Imager and Spectrograph (IRDIS) with a dual-beam polarimetric imaging (DPI) mode, which offers the capability to obtain linear polarization images at high contrast and resolution. Aims. We aim to provide an overview of IRDIS/DPI and study its optical design to improve observing strategies and data reduction. Methods. For H-band observations of TW Hya, we compare two data reduction methods that correct for instrumental polarization effects in different ways: a minimization of the noise image, and a polarimetric-model-based correction method that we present in Paper II of this study. Results. We use observations of TW Hya to illustrate the data reduction. In the images of the protoplanetary disk around this star we detect variability in the polarized intensity and angle of linear polarization with pointing-dependent instrument configuration. We explain these variations as instrumental polarization effects and correct for these effects using our model-based correction method. Conclusions. IRDIS/DPI has proven to be a very successful and productive high-contrast polarimetric imaging system. However, the instrument performance depends on the specific instrument configuration. We suggest adjustments to future observing strategies to optimize polarimetric efficiency in field tracking mode by avoiding unfavourable derotator angles. We recommend reducing on-sky data with the pipeline called IRDAP that includes the model-based correction method (described in Paper II) to optimally account for the remaining telescope and instrumental polarization effects and to retrieve the true polarization state of the incident light.
description: 17 pages, 10 figures
Geometric Transformations and NCCS Theory in the Lowest Landau Level
Creators: name: Eliashvili, M.
name: Tsitsishvili, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chern-Simons type gauge field is generated by the means of the singular area preserving transformations in the lowest Landau level of electrons forming fractional quantum Hall state. Dynamics is governed by the system of constraints which correspond to the Gauss law in the non-commutative Chern-Simons gauge theory and to the lowest Landau level condition in the picture of composite fermions. Physically reasonable solution to this constraints corresponds to the Laughlin state. It is argued that the model leads to the non-commutative Chern-Simons theory of the QHE and composite fermions.
description: Latex, 13 pages
Path Integral Treatment of Singular Problems and Bound States: Quantum Mechanics
Creators: name: Camblong, Horacio E.
name: Ordonez, Carlos R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A path-integral approach for the computation of quantum-mechanical propagators and energy Green's functions is presented. Its effectiveness is demonstrated through its application to singular interactions, with particular emphasis on the inverse square potential--possibly combined with a delta-function interaction. The emergence of these singular potentials as low-energy nonrelativistic limits of quantum field theory is highlighted. Not surprisingly, the analogue of ultraviolet regularization is required for the interpretation of these singular problems.
description: 32 pages. The paper was significantly expanded and numerous equations were added for the sake of clarity; the main results and conclusions are unchanged
The polarimetric imaging mode of VLT/SPHERE/IRDIS II: Characterization and correction of instrumental polarization effects
Creators: name: van Holstein, R. G.
name: Girard, J. H.
name: de Boer, J.
name: Snik, F.
name: Milli, J.
name: Stam, D. M.
name: Ginski, C.
name: Mouillet, D.
name: Wahhaj, Z.
name: Schmid, H. M.
name: Keller, C. U.
name: Langlois, M.
name: Dohlen, K.
name: Vigan, A.
name: Pohl, A.
name: Carbillet, M.
name: Fantinel, D.
name: Maurel, D.
name: Origné, A.
name: Petit, C.
name: Ramos, J.
name: Rigal, F.
name: Sevin, A.
name: Boccaletti, A.
name: Coroller, H. Le
name: Dominik, C.
name: Henning, T.
name: Lagadec, E.
name: Ménard, F.
name: Turatto, M.
name: Udry, S.
name: Chauvin, G.
name: Feldt, M.
name: Beuzit, J. -L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. Circumstellar disks and self-luminous giant exoplanets or companion brown dwarfs can be characterized through direct-imaging polarimetry at near-infrared wavelengths. SPHERE/IRDIS at the Very Large Telescope has the capabilities to perform such measurements, but uncalibrated instrumental polarization effects limit the attainable polarimetric accuracy. Aims. We aim to characterize and correct the instrumental polarization effects of the complete optical system, i.e. the telescope and SPHERE/IRDIS. Methods. We create a detailed Mueller matrix model in the broadband filters Y-, J-, H- and Ks, and calibrate it using measurements with SPHERE's internal light source and observations of two unpolarized stars. We develop a data-reduction method that uses the model to correct for the instrumental polarization effects, and apply it to observations of the circumstellar disk of T Cha. Results. The instrumental polarization is almost exclusively produced by the telescope and SPHERE's first mirror and varies with telescope altitude angle. The crosstalk primarily originates from the image derotator (K-mirror). At some orientations, the derotator causes severe loss of signal (>90% loss in H- and Ks-band) and strongly offsets the angle of linear polarization. With our correction method we reach in all filters a total polarimetric accuracy of <0.1% in the degree of linear polarization and an accuracy of a few degrees in angle of linear polarization. Conclusions. The correction method enables us to accurately measure the polarized intensity and angle of linear polarization of circumstellar disks, and is a vital tool for detecting unresolved (inner) disks and measuring the polarization of substellar companions. We have incorporated the correction method in a highly-automatic end-to-end data-reduction pipeline called IRDAP which is publicly available at https://irdap.readthedocs.io.
description: 28 pages, 25 figures
Dynamical foundations of nonextensive statistical mechanics
Creators: name: Beck, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct classes of stochastic differential equations with fluctuating friction forces that generate a dynamics correctly described by Tsallis statistics and nonextensive statistical mechanics. These systems generalize the way in which ordinary Langevin equations underly ordinary statistical mechanics to the more general nonextensive case. As a main example, we construct a dynamical model of velocity fluctuations in a turbulent flow, which generates probability densities that very well fit experimentally measured probability densities in Eulerian and Lagrangian turbulence. Our approach provides a dynamical reason why many physical systems with fluctuations in temperature or energy dissipation rate are correctly described by Tsallis statistics.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure
Stochastic wave-current interaction in thermal shallow water dynamics
Creators: name: Holm, Darryl D
name: Luesink, Erwin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Holm (Proc. Roy. Soc 2015) introduced a variational framework for stochastically parametrising unresolved scales of hydrodynamic motion. This variational framework preserves fundamental features of fluid dynamics, such as Kelvin's circulation theorem, while also allowing for dispersive nonlinear wave propagation, both within a stratified fluid and at its free surface. The present paper combines asymptotic expansions and vertical averaging with the stochastic variational framework to formulate a new approach for developing stochastic parametrisation schemes for nonlinear wave fields. The approach is applied to a variety of shallow water equations which descend from Euler's three-dimensional fluid equations with rotation and stratification under approximation by asymptotic expansions and vertical averaging. In the entire family of nonlinear stochastic wave-current interaction equations derived here using this approach, Kelvin's circulation theorem reveals a barotropic mechanism for wave generation of horizontal circulation or convection (cyclogenesis) which is activated whenever the gradients of wave elevation and/or topography are not aligned with the gradient of the vertically averaged buoyancy.
description: 39 pages, 1 figure and 3 diagrams. Seventh version, comments are always welcome!
Robust classification-based molecular modelling of diverse chemical entities as potential SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro inhibitors: theoretical justification in light of experimental evidences
Creators: name: N. Adhikari
name: S. Banerjee
name: S.K. Baidya
name: B. Ghosh
name: T. Jha
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: COVID-19 is the most unanticipated incidence of 2020 affecting the human population worldwide. Currently, it is utmost important to produce novel small molecule anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs urgently that can save human lives globally. Based on the earlier SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infection along with the general characters of coronaviral replication, a number of drug molecules have been proposed. However, one of the major limitations is the lack of experimental observations with different drug molecules. In this article, 70 diverse chemicals having experimental SARS-CoV-2 3CLproinhibitory activity were accounted for robust classification-based QSAR analysis statistically validated with 4 different methodologies to recognize the crucial structural features responsible for imparting the activity. Results obtained from all these methodologies supported and validated each other. Important observations obtained from these analyses were also justified with the ligand-bound crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro enzyme. Our results suggest that molecules should contain a 2-oxopyrrolidine scaffold as well as a methylene (hydroxy) sulphonic acid warhead in proper orientation to achieve higher inhibitory potency against SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro. Outcomes of our study may be able to design and discover highly effective SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro inhibitors as potential anticoronaviral therapy to crusade against COVID-19.
Relativistic effects in proton-induced deuteron break-up at intermediate energies with forward emission of a fast proton pair
Creators: name: Kaptari, L. P.
name: Kampfer, B.
name: Semikh, S. S.
name: Dorkin, S. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent data on the reaction pD -> (pp) n with a fast forward pp pair with very small excitation energy is analyzed within a covariant approach based on the Bethe-Salpeter formalism. It is demonstrated that the minimum non-relativistic amplitude is completely masked by relativistic effects, such as Lorentz boost and the negative-energy P components in the 1S_0 Bethe-Salpeter amplitude of the pp pair.
Novel Colloidal Crystalline States on Two Dimensional Periodic Substrates
Creators: name: Reichhardt, C.
name: Olson, C. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show using numerical simulations that a rich variety of novel colloidal crystalline states are realized on square and triangular two dimensional periodic substrates which can be experimentally created using crossed laser arrays. When there are more colloids than potential substrate minima, multiple colloids are trapped at each substrate minima and act as a single particle with a rotational degree of freedom, giving rise to a new type of orientational order. We call these states colloidal molecular crystals. A two-step melting can also occur in which individual colloidal molecules initially rotate, destroying the overall orientational order, followed by the onset of inter-well colloidal hopping.
description: 4 pages, 4 postscript figures
Neutral Beams from Blazar Jets
Creators: name: Atoyan, Armen M.
name: Dermer, Charles D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We treat the production of neutrons, photons, and neutrinos through photomeson interactions of relativistic protons with ambient photons in the compact inner jets of blazars. We show that the presence of the external UV radiation field makes possible strong energy losses already for protons with energies > 1 PeV, while without this component effective energy losses of protons begin only at E > 10^{18} eV. We develop a model describing the production and escape of neutrons from a comoving spherical blob, which continue to interact with the ambient external radiation field on the parsec-scale broad line region (BLR). Neutrons may carry ~10% of the overall energy of the protons accelerated beyond E ~ 1 PeV outside the BLR. Ultra-high energy (UHE) gamma rays produced in photomeson interactions of neutrons outside the blob can also escape the BLR. The escaping neutrons, gamma rays and neutrinos form a collimated neutral beam with a characteristic opening angle ~ 1/Gamma, where Gamma is the bulk Lorentz factor of the inner jet. The energy and the momentum of such beam is then mostly deposited in the extended jet due to neutron decay at distances ~ (E_n/10^{17} eV}) kpc, and through pair-production attenuation of gamma rays with energies E_g ~ 10^{15}-10^{18} eV which can propagate to distances beyond (10-100) kpc. In this scenario, neutral beams of UHE gamma rays and neutrons can be the reason for straight extended jets such as in Pictor A. Fluxes of neutrinos detectable with km-scale neutrino telescopes are predicted from flat spectrum radio quasars such as 3C 279.
description: to appear in ApJ 586, No.1, March 20 issue
Almost square permutations are typically square
Creators: name: Borga, Jacopo
name: Duchi, Enrica
name: Slivken, Erik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A record in a permutation is a maximum or a minimum, from the left or from the right. The entries of a permutation can be partitioned into two types: the ones that are records are called external points, the others are called internal points. Permutations without internal points have been studied under the name of square permutations. Here, we explore permutations with a fixed number of internals points, called almost square permutations. Unlike with square permutations, a precise enumeration for the total number of almost square permutations of size $n+k$ with exactly $k$ internal points is not known. However, using a probabilistic approach, we are able to determine the asymptotic enumeration. This allows us to describe the permuton limit of almost square permutations with $k$ internal points, both when $k$ is fixed and when $k$ tends to infinity along a negligible sequence with respect to the size of the permutation. Finally, we show that our techniques are quite general by studying the set of $321$-avoiding permutations of size $n$ with exactly $k$ additional internal points ($k$ fixed). In this case we obtain an interesting asymptotic enumeration in terms of the Brownian excursion area. As a consequence, we show that the points of a uniform permutation in this set concentrate on the diagonal and the fluctuations of these points converge in distribution to a biased Brownian excursion.
description: New version including referee's corrections, accepted for publication in Annales de l'Institut Henri Poincar\'e (B) Probabilit\'es et Statistiques
of Low levels of viral suppression among refugees and host nationals accessing antiretroviral therapy in a Kenyan refugee camp
Creators: name: Mendelsohn, Joshua
name: Spiegel, Paul
name: Grant, Alison
name: Sathyanarayanan Doraiswamy
name: Schilperoord, Marian
name: Larke, Natasha
name: Burton, John
name: Jully Okonji
name: Zeh, Clement
name: Bosco Muhindo
name: Mohammed, Ibrahim
name: Mukui, Irene
name: Njogu Patterson
name: Sondorp, Egbert
name: Ross, David
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: of Low levels of viral suppression among refugees and host nationals accessing antiretroviral therapy in a Kenyan refugee camp
Necessary and Sufficient Criteria for Gaussian Quantum Teleportation
Creators: name: Bose, Soumyakanti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum teleportation (QT) serves as one of the building blocks of the current state information science and technology which necessitates proper characterization of the resources yielding QT. While entanglement is known to be the basic requirement to achieve QT, condition of sufficiency for QT still remains an open question. Here, we provide an analytic proof that in the case of Gaussian entangled resources, in general, Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) correlation is {\em sufficient for QT}. For a relatively restricted set of Gaussian states we provide even a tighter condition that EPR correlation is {\em both necessary and sufficient for QT}. Our results, in turn, provide a complete characterization of the resources required for QT.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures. Comments are welcome
Retrieval-Dependent Mechanisms Affecting Emotional Memory Persistence: Reconsolidation, Extinction, and the Space in Between
Creators: name: Vaverková, Zuzana
name: Milton, Amy L.
name: Merlo, Emiliano
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Behavioral Neuroscience
associative memory
reconsolidation
extinction
limbo
prediction error
memory persistence

description: Maladaptive emotional memories contribute to the persistence of many mental health disorders, and therefore the prospect of disrupting these memories to produce long-term reductions in relapse is of great clinical appeal. Reducing the impact of maladaptive emotional memories on behaviour could be achieved by two retrieval-dependent manipulations that engage separate mnemonic processes: “reconsolidation disruption” and “extinction enhancement.” Extinction occurs during a prolonged re-exposure session in the absence of the expected emotional outcome and is widely accepted as reflecting the formation of a new, inhibitory memory that prevents behavioural expression of the original trace. Reconsolidation, by contrast, involves the destabilisation of the original memory, allowing for subsequent updating and restabilisation in specific brain regions, unless the re-stabilization process is prevented through specific pharmacological or behavioural interventions. Both destabilisation of the original memory and memory extinction require that re-exposure induces prediction error—a mismatch between what is expected and what actually occurs—but the parameters that allow reconsolidation and extinction to occur, and control the transition between them, have not been well-characterised. Here, we review what is known about the induction of memory destabilisation and extinction, and the transition period that separates these mnemonic processes, drawing on preclinical and clinical examples. A deeper understanding of the processes that determine the alternative routes to memory persistence or inhibition is critical for designing new and more reliable clinical treatments targeting maladaptive emotional memories.
Spin-orbit interaction and the 'metal-insulator' transition observed in two-dimensional hole systems
Creators: name: Golub, L. E.
name: Pedersen, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present calculations of the spin and phase relaxation rates in GaAs/AlGaAs $p$-type quantum wells. These rates are used to derive the temperature dependence of the weak-localization correction to the conductivity. In $p$-type quantum wells both weak localization and weak anti-localization are present due to the strong spin-orbit interaction. When determining the total conductivity correction one also have to include the term due to hole-hole interaction. The magnitude of the latter depends on the ratio between the thermal energy and the Fermi energy, $k_{\rm B}T/E_{\rm F}$ and whether the system can be considered as ballistic $(k_{\rm B}T τ_{\rm tr} / \hbar>1)$ or diffusive ($k_{\rm B}T τ_{\rm tr}/\hbar<1$). We argue that due to the relatively low Fermi energy and the moderate mobilities, in the $p$-type systems in question, the conductivity correction arising from hole-hole interactions is negligible at the highest temperatures accessible in the experiments. Hence the 'metal-insulator' transition observed at these relatively high temperatures could be caused by interference effects. We compare our calculations of the weak anti-localization correction with the experimental results from different independent groups with special emphasis on the experiments by Simmons et al. We find good agreement between predicted and observed transistion density $p_{c}$.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures. Accepted to PRB (15 June, 2002)
Additional file 5: of Low levels of viral suppression among refugees and host nationals accessing antiretroviral therapy in a Kenyan refugee camp
Creators: name: Mendelsohn, Joshua
name: Spiegel, Paul
name: Grant, Alison
name: Sathyanarayanan Doraiswamy
name: Schilperoord, Marian
name: Larke, Natasha
name: Burton, John
name: Jully Okonji
name: Zeh, Clement
name: Bosco Muhindo
name: Mohammed, Ibrahim
name: Mukui, Irene
name: Njogu Patterson
name: Sondorp, Egbert
name: Ross, David
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Socio-demographic comparison of ART clients with and without a follow-up (Round Two) viral load in Kakuma, Kenya. (DOC 37 kb)
Multiparticle trapping problem in the half-line
Creators: name: Yuste, S. B.
name: Acedo, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A variation of Rosenstock's trapping model in which $N$ independent random walkers are all initially placed upon a site of a one-dimensional lattice in the presence of a {\em one-sided} random distribution (with probability $c$) of absorbing traps is investigated. The probability (survival probability) $Φ_N(t)$ that no random walker is trapped by time $t$ for $N \gg 1$ is calculated by using the extended Rosenstock approximation. This requires the evaluation of the moments of the number $S_N(t)$ of distinct sites visited in a {\em given} direction up to time $t$ by $N$ independent random walkers. The Rosenstock approximation improves when $N$ increases, working well in the range $Dt\ln^2(1-c) \ll \ln N$, $D$ being the diffusion constant. The moments of the time (lifetime) before any trapping event occurs are calculated asymptotically, too. The agreement with numerical results is excellent.
description: 11 pages (RevTex), 6 figures (eps). To be published in Physica A
BoTorch: A Framework for Efficient Monte-Carlo Bayesian Optimization
Creators: name: Balandat, Maximilian
name: Karrer, Brian
name: Jiang, Daniel R.
name: Daulton, Samuel
name: Letham, Benjamin
name: Wilson, Andrew Gordon
name: Bakshy, Eytan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Bayesian optimization provides sample-efficient global optimization for a broad range of applications, including automatic machine learning, engineering, physics, and experimental design. We introduce BoTorch, a modern programming framework for Bayesian optimization that combines Monte-Carlo (MC) acquisition functions, a novel sample average approximation optimization approach, auto-differentiation, and variance reduction techniques. BoTorch's modular design facilitates flexible specification and optimization of probabilistic models written in PyTorch, simplifying implementation of new acquisition functions. Our approach is backed by novel theoretical convergence results and made practical by a distinctive algorithmic foundation that leverages fast predictive distributions, hardware acceleration, and deterministic optimization. We also propose a novel "one-shot" formulation of the Knowledge Gradient, enabled by a combination of our theoretical and software contributions. In experiments, we demonstrate the improved sample efficiency of BoTorch relative to other popular libraries.
Impact sheet to IRME 2003
Creators: name: Cobb, Paul
name: Jackson, Kara
Publisher: name: Brill Online
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Impact sheet to An Empirically Grounded System of Supportsfor Improving the Quality of Mathematics Teaching on a Large Scale
MILLIY IQTISODIYOTDA INTERNET XIZMATLARI BOZORINING HOLATI
Creators: name: Niyozova, Shohsanam
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ushbu maqolada O'zbekistondagi Internet-xizmatlar bozorining hozirgi holati va uning mamlakat xalq xo'jaligidagi o'rni tahlil qilinadi. Internet infratuzilmasini rivojlantirish, internetga kirish, aholi va biznes tomonidan onlayn xizmatlardan foydalanishning asosiy ko'rsatkichlari ko'rib chiqiladi. Raqamli iqtisodiyotni rivojlantirish bo'yicha davlat dasturlari va ularning samaradorligi tahlil qilinadi. Internet xizmatlari sohasidagi muammolar, masalan, hududlarda aloqa sifati pastligi va yuqori narxlar muhokama qilinadi. Milliy iqtisodiyot sharoitida Internet xizmatlari bozorini yanada rivojlantirish bo'yicha tavsiyalar beriladi.
Difference L operators related to q-characters
Creators: name: Kuniba, A.
name: Okado, M.
name: Suzuki, J.
name: Yamada, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81R50(Primary),82B23(Secondary)

description: We introduce a factorized difference operator L(u) annihilated by the Frenkel-Reshetikhin screening operator for the quantum affine algebra U_q(C^{(1)}_n). We identify the coefficients of L(u) with the fundamental q-characters, and establish a number of formulas for their higher analogues. They include Jacobi-Trudi and Weyl type formulas, canceling tableau sums, Casorati determinant solution to the T-system, and so forth. Analogous operators for the orthogonal series U_q(B^{(1)}_n) and U_q(D^{(1)}_n) are also presented.
description: 25 pages, LaTeX2e, no figure
Additional file 3: of Low levels of viral suppression among refugees and host nationals accessing antiretroviral therapy in a Kenyan refugee camp
Creators: name: Mendelsohn, Joshua
name: Spiegel, Paul
name: Grant, Alison
name: Sathyanarayanan Doraiswamy
name: Schilperoord, Marian
name: Larke, Natasha
name: Burton, John
name: Jully Okonji
name: Zeh, Clement
name: Bosco Muhindo
name: Mohammed, Ibrahim
name: Mukui, Irene
name: Njogu Patterson
name: Sondorp, Egbert
name: Ross, David
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Ecology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Association of adherence measures (action state factors) with viral suppression among refugees and host nationals on ART for â Ľ25 weeks at baseline (Round One) in Kakuma, Kenya (N=128a). (DOC 38 kb)
Investigation of the Coupling Potential by means of S-matrix Inversion
Creators: name: Boztosun, I.
name: Mackintosh, R. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the inelastic coupling interaction by studying its effect on the elastic scattering potential as determined by inverting the elastic scattering $S$-matrix. We first address the effect upon the real and imaginary elastic potentials of including excited states of the target nucleus. We then investigate the effect of a recently introduced novel coupling potential which has been remarkably successful in reproducing the experimental data for the $^{12}$C+$^{12}$C, $^{12}$C+$^{24}$Mg and $^{16}$O+$^{28}$Si reactions over a wide range of energies. This coupling potential has the effect of deepening the real elastic potential in the surface region, thereby explaining a common feature of many phenomenological potentials. It is suggested that one can relate this deepening to the super-deformed state of the compound nucleus, $^{24}$Mg.
description: 12 pages with 3 figures
Additional file 4: of Low levels of viral suppression among refugees and host nationals accessing antiretroviral therapy in a Kenyan refugee camp
Creators: name: Mendelsohn, Joshua
name: Spiegel, Paul
name: Grant, Alison
name: Sathyanarayanan Doraiswamy
name: Schilperoord, Marian
name: Larke, Natasha
name: Burton, John
name: Jully Okonji
name: Zeh, Clement
name: Bosco Muhindo
name: Mohammed, Ibrahim
name: Mukui, Irene
name: Njogu Patterson
name: Sondorp, Egbert
name: Ross, David
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Ecology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Mean adherence among refugees and host nationals at baseline (Round One) in Kakuma, Kenya. (DOCX 15 kb)
Machine learning to predict mesenchymal stem cell efficacy for cartilage repair
Creators: name: Liu, Yu Yang Fredrik
name: Lu, Yin
name: Oh, Steve
name: Conduit, Gareth J.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Research Article
subject: Biology and life sciences
subject: Medicine and health sciences
subject: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Engineering and technology
subject: FOS: Engineering and technology
subject: Research and analysis methods

description: Inconsistent therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in regenerative medicine has been documented in many clinical trials. Precise prediction on the therapeutic outcome of a MSC therapy based on the patient’s conditions would provide valuable references for clinicians to decide the treatment strategies. In this article, we performed a meta-analysis on MSC therapies for cartilage repair using machine learning. A small database was generated from published in vivo and clinical studies. The unique features of our neural network model in handling missing data and calculating prediction uncertainty enabled precise prediction of post-treatment cartilage repair scores with coefficient of determination of 0.637 ± 0.005. From this model, we identified defect area percentage, defect depth percentage, implantation cell number, body weight, tissue source, and the type of cartilage damage as critical properties that significant impact cartilage repair. A dosage of 17 − 25 million MSCs was found to achieve optimal cartilage repair. Further, critical thresholds at 6% and 64% of cartilage damage in area, and 22% and 56% in depth were predicted to significantly compromise on the efficacy of MSC therapy. This study, for the first time, demonstrated machine learning of patient-specific cartilage repair post MSC therapy. This approach can be applied to identify and investigate more critical properties involved in MSC-induced cartilage repair, and adapted for other clinical indications.
Generalized Off-Shell ADT Conserved Charges in the Presence of Matter Chern-Simons Term
Creators: name: Ding, Hai-Feng
name: Zhai, Xiang-Hua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we elevate the formalism for off-shell Abbott-Deser-Tekin (ADT) conserved charges in the presence of arbitrary matter fields to including the internal gauge transformation, when the gauge fields are present. For this purpose, we resort to exact symmetry, and the symmetry generator is combined by diffeomorphism and internal gauge transformation. For universality, we consider an apparently non-covariant Lagrangian, which contains a matter Chern-Simons term. We show that the elevated off-shell ADT formalism is equivalent to the covariant phase space method and the Barnich-Brandt-Compère (BBC) formalism. To check the validity of our method, we explicitly compute the conserved charges of general non-extremal rotating charged Gödel black holes in minimal five-dimensional gauged supergravity, reproducing the previously known results.
description: 23 pages; spelling corrected for some author's names in citations
Dramatic Changes in the Outburst Properties in V503 Cygni
Creators: name: Kato, T.
name: Ishioka, R.
name: Uemura, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examined the VSNET light curve of the unusual SU UMa-type dwarf nova V503 Cyg which is known to show a short (89 d) supercycle length and exceptionally small (a few) normal outbursts within a supercycle. In 1999-2000, V503 Cyg displayed frequent normal outbursts with typical recurrence times of 7-9 d. The behavior during this period is characteristic to an usual SU UMa-type dwarf nova with a short supercycle length. On the other hand, V503 Cyg showed very infrequent normal outbursts in 2001-2002. Some of the superoutbursts during this period were observed shorter than usual. The remarkable alternations of the outbursting states in V503 Cyg support the presence of mechanisms of suppressing normal outbursts and premature quenching superoutbursts, which have been proposed to explain some unusual SU UMa-type outbursts. The observed temporal variability of the suppressing/quenching mechanisms in the same object suggests that these mechanisms are not primarily governed by a fixed system parameter but more reflect state changes in the accretion disk.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, to appear in Publ. Astron. Soc. Japan
Dissipation and noise in adiabatic quantum pumps
Creators: name: Moskalets, M.
name: Buttiker, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the distribution function, the heat flow and the noise properties of an adiabatic quantum pump for an arbitrary relation of pump frequency $ω$ and temperature. To achieve this we start with the scattering matrix approach for ac-transport. This approach leads to expressions for the quantities of interest in terms of the side bands of particles exiting the pump. The side bands correspond to particles which have gained or lost a modulation quantum $\hbar ω$. We find that our results for the pump current, the heat flow and the noise can all be expressed in terms of a parametric emissivity matrix. In particular we find that the current cross-correlations of a multiterminal pump are directly related a to a non-diagonal element of the parametric emissivity matrix. The approach allows a description of the quantum statistical correlation properties (noise) of an adiabatic quantum pump.
The favoured cluster structures of model glass formers
Creators: name: Doye, Jonathan P. K.
name: Wales, David J.
name: Zetterling, Fredrik H. M.
name: Dzugutov, Mikhail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the favoured cluster structures for two new potentials, which both behave as monatomic model glass-formers in bulk. We find that the oscillations in the interatomic potential lead to global minima that are non-compact arrangements of linked 13-atom icosahedra. We find that the structural properties of the clusters correlate with the glass-forming propensities of the potentials, and with the fragilities of the corresponding supercooled liquids.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures; new section added and error in potential parameters corrected
Policies and programmes for agricultural development: the role of economic-social science analysis and of research agencies in seeking solutions
Creators: name: Teixera Filho, A.R.
name: Teixera Filho, A.R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1976
Subjects: Land Economics/Use
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: The rapid increase in world population makes it vitally urgent to increase food production. The governments of developed and developing countries must be willing to take action not only in the face of hunger, but concentrate on long range aspects of the food problem. World food supplies are, and probably will be, distributed in accordance with purchasing power or effective demand and not according to nutritional requirements. A permanent solution to the problem includes population control and major efforts to plan agricultural research directed toward a long term solution of the agricultural production and food supply problem, particularly in those climatic zones where very little research has been historically undertaken.
How flexible repayment schedules affect credit risk in agricultural microfinance
Creators: name: Weber, Ron
name: Mußhoff, Oliver
name: Petrick, Martin
name: Weber, Ron
name: Mußhoff, Oliver
name: Petrick, Martin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Agricultural Credit
subject: Borrowing
subject: Financial Risk
subject: Loan Repayment
subject: Microfinance
subject: Seasonality

description: Using a unique dataset of a commercial microfinance institution in Madagascar, this paper investigates how the provision of microfinance loans with (in)flexible repayment schedules affects loan delinquencies of agricultural borrowers. Flexible repayment schedules allow a redistribution of principal payments during periods with low agricultural returns to periods when agricultural returns are high. We develop a theoretical framework and apply and estimate an econometric model for the loan repayment behavior of agricultural micro-borrowers with seasonal and non-seasonal production types. Our results reveal that delinquencies of non-seasonal farmers and seasonal farmers with inflexible repayment schedules are not significantly different from those of non-farmers. Furthermore, we find that seasonal farmers with flexible repayment schedules show significantly higher delinquencies than non-farmers in low delinquency categories, but we also find that this effect disappears in the highest delinquency category.