cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On Pricing and Vertical Organization of Differentiated Products
Creators: name: Shi, Guanming
name: Chavas, Jean
name: Shi, Guanming
name: Chavas, Jean
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Agribusiness
Demand and Price Analysis

description: This paper investigates the pricing and vertical organization of differentiated products under imperfect competition. In a multiproduct context, we examine how substitution/complementarity relationships among products and vertical structures relate to the exercise of market power. The analysis is applied to pricing of U.S. soybean seeds from 2000-2007. We consider two vertical structures: vertical integration and licensing. We find evidence that vertical organization has significant effects on prices. These effects vary depending on the institutional setup and the bundling of genetic material. Our analysis indicates that market concentration analyses that neglect vertical structures would fail to capture the linkages between market structure and pricing. The empirical evidence shows that complementarity and economies of scope can mitigate the price-enhancement associated with market power in a multi-market context.
An Analysis of Pricing in Horizontal and Vertical Markets: The Case of the Cottonseed Market
Creators: name: Shi, Guanming
name: Stiegert, Kyle
name: Chavas, Jean Paul
name: Shi, Guanming
name: Stiegert, Kyle
name: Chavas, Jean Paul
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Demand and Price Analysis

description: This paper investigates the role of horizontal and vertical market structures in pricing differentiated products. The conceptual model demonstrates how substitution and complementarity relationships between products and across vertical channels relate to market concentration and market size. The model is applied to the U.S. cottonseed market using data from 2002 to 2007. The econometric investigation finds evidence of sub-additive pricing in the bundling of patented biotech traits. Vertical organization is found to affect pricing and the exercise of market power. While the analysis shows that higher market concentration is associated with higher prices, it also uncovers evidence of complementarity effects that reduce price enhancements. Our simulation approach is applicable for pre-merger analysis of industries producing differentiated products and exhibiting similar market complexities.
Percolative Mott insulator-metal transition in doped Sr$_2$IrO$_4$
Creators: name: Sun, Zhixiang
name: Guevara, Jose M.
name: Sykora, Steffen
name: Pärschke, Ekaterina M.
name: Brink, Jeroen van den
name: Manna, Kaustuv
name: Maljuk, Andrey
name: Wurmehl, Sabine
name: Büchner, Bernd
name: Hess, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Despite many efforts to rationalize the strongly correlated electronic ground states in doped Mott insulators, the nature of the doping induced insulator to metal transition is still a subject under intensive investigation. Here we probe the nanoscale electronic structure of the Mott insulator Sr$_2$IrO$_{4-δ}$ with low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and find enhanced local density of states (LDOS) inside the Mott gap at the location of individual apical oxygen site defects. We visualize paths of enhanced conductance arising from the overlapping of defect states which induces finite LDOS at the Fermi level. By combining these findings with the typical spatial extension of isolated defects of about 2~nm, we show that the insulator to metal transition in Sr$_2$IrO$_{4-δ}$ is of percolative nature.
description: 29 pages, 8 figures
Time Travel Paradoxes and Multiple Histories
Creators: name: Hauser, Jacob
name: Shoshany, Barak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If time travel is possible, it seems to inevitably lead to paradoxes. These include consistency paradoxes, such as the famous grandfather paradox, and bootstrap paradoxes, where something is created out of nothing. One proposed class of resolutions to these paradoxes allows for multiple histories (or timelines), such that any changes to the past occur in a new history, independent of the one where the time traveler originated. We introduce a simple mathematical model for a spacetime with a time machine, and suggest two possible multiple-histories models, making use of branching spacetimes and covering spaces respectively. We use these models to construct novel and concrete examples of multiple-histories resolutions to time travel paradoxes, and we explore questions such as whether one can ever come back to a previously visited history and whether a finite or infinite number of histories is required. Interestingly, we find that the histories may be finite and cyclic under certain assumptions, in a way which extends the Novikov self-consistency conjecture to multiple histories and exhibits hybrid behavior combining the two. Investigating these cyclic histories, we rigorously determine how many histories are needed to fully resolve time travel paradoxes for particular laws of physics. Finally, we discuss how observers may experimentally distinguish between multiple histories and the Hawking and Novikov conjectures.
description: 29 pages, 17 figures
How Does Advertising Affect Market Performance? The Case of Generic Advertising
Creators: name: Hamilton, Stephen F.
name: Richards, Timothy J.
name: Stiegert, Kyle W.
name: Hamilton, Stephen F.
name: Richards, Timothy J.
name: Stiegert, Kyle W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Agribusiness
Demand and Price Analysis

description: In this paper, we propose a novel approach to estimating the effect of advertising on market performance that relies on the revealed preferences of firms participating in generic advertising programs. Generic advertising campaigns provide a unique window to observe advertising effects on market performance, because rotations in market demand systematically redistribute advertising rents among firms according to observable characteristics on producer size. We examine producer attitudes towards generic advertising in the ”Beef. It’s What’s for Dinner” campaign of the U.S. Beef Checkoff program, the subject of the recent and controversial Supreme Court ruling on generic advertising as a form of government speech. We find the likelihood producers favor an expansion of the advertising program increases in their operating scale. This finding is consistent with an advertising campaign that has led to a counterclockwise rotation of market demand and a commensurate increase in market performance in the U.S. Beef market.
Magnetic translation groups in an n-dimensional torus
Creators: name: Tanimura, Shogo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A charged particle in a uniform magnetic field in a two-dimensional torus has a discrete noncommutative translation symmetry instead of a continuous commutative translation symmetry. We study topology and symmetry of a particle in a magnetic field in a torus of arbitrary dimensions. The magnetic translation group (MTG) is defined as a group of translations that leave the gauge field invariant. We show that the MTG on an n-dimensional torus is isomorphic to a central extension of a cyclic group Z_{nu_1} x ... x Z_{nu_{2l}} x T^m by U(1) with 2l+m=n. We construct and classify irreducible unitary representations of the MTG on a three-torus and apply the representation theory to three examples. We shortly describe a representation theory for a general n-torus. The MTG on an n-torus can be regarded as a generalization of the so-called noncommutative torus.
description: 29 pages, LaTeX2e, title changed, re-organized, to be published in Journal of Mathematical Physics
MOESM6 of Moiety modeling framework for deriving moiety abundances from mass spectrometry measured isotopologues
Creators: name: Jin, Huan
name: Moseley, Hunter
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 6. The moiety_modeling package command line interface.
Urocyclinae Simroth 1889
Creators: name: Hyman, Isabel T.
name: Ponder, Winston F.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Stylommatophora
Urocyclidae

description: Subfamily Urocyclinae   Remarks. Urocyclinae has been regarded as a subfamily within Urocyclidae by most previous authors (Baker 1941a; Hausdorf 1998; Solem 1966; van Goethem 1977; Van Mol 1970b). Schileyko (2002b) included it as a subfamily of Helicarionidae but we disagree with his findings (see Helicarionidae Remarks) and follow the traditional classification, with key characters defined as follows:
Shell highly reduced (less than two whorls), plate-like, covered by mantle. Visceral mass incorporated into foot. Flagellum absent, small lime-sac present; stimulator absent or present.
description: Published as part of Hyman, Isabel T. & Ponder, Winston F., 2010, A morphological phylogenetic analysis and generic revision of Australian Helicarionidae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Stylommatophora), and an assessment of the relationships of the family 2462, pp. 1-148 in Zootaxa 2462 (1) on page 94, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2462.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5312710
One Man’s Meat…. 2050? Ruminations on future meat demand in the context of global warming.
Creators: name: Revell, Brian J.
name: Revell, Brian J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: meat demand
subject: climate change
subject: emissions intensities
subject: elasticities
subject: taxation

description: This paper considers a range of issues relating to the contribution of meat consumption and livestock production to global warming given the need highlighted by the Committee on Climate Change (CCC) to reduce global GHG emissions by over 50% by 2050. The IPCC Climate Change 2014 report recognised that demand oriented measures may also contribute to GHG mitigation. The paper reviews a number of studies which examine demand-led mitigation potentials, concluding that such estimates ignore the market effects of changes in meat consumption habits or demand oriented policies. A simple partial equilibrium model of the beef, poultry, pig and ovine meats is developed for the major regions of the world to explore the impact of a range of scenarios which may reduce meat consumption and GHG emissions. These include emissions taxation, long term trend in reduction of red meat consumption in developed economy regions, and supply side improvements in livestock emissions intensities. The paper discusses problems associated with many published demand elasticities suitable for incorporation into a market model, problems of selection from a widely varying published estimates and their appropriateness for longer run projections. The dearth of published supply elasticity estimates is also highlighted. The modelling concludes that economic and population growth to 2050 without any mitigation measures will lead to a 21% increase in meat consumption and a 63% increase in GHG emissions by 2050. However, the mitigation projections from the scenarios explored only generate a 14% reduction in cumulative emissions from the baseline 2050 projections, insufficient to met the CCC target.
Consumer attitudes towards attributes of food and the use of digital media and smart technologies to inform and purchase food
Creators: name: Saunders, C.M.
name: Guenther, M.
name: Tait, P.R.
name: Dalziel, P.C.
name: Saunders, C.M.
name: Guenther, M.
name: Tait, P.R.
name: Dalziel, P.C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Consumer preferences
subject: food products
subject: smart media
subject: New Zealand
subject: developing countries
subject: cross-country comparison

description: Understanding international consumer preferences and attitudes towards food is important for countries like New Zealand that depend heavily on food exports. New Zealand’s export focus has changed over the last few decades from almost all exports going to Europe, to more into Asian markets, in particular to China. It is therefore important that different cultures and preferences in these markets are considered and understood. This paper will present results from a pilot survey in six countries (UK, Korea, Japan, India, China and Indonesia) focusing on how consumers in different markets respond to different attributes and on how New Zealand producers can communicate those using smart technology and digital media in overseas markets. The results highlight the importance of food safety and health foods in these markets. In general, developing countries valued attributes more than developed countries. This included environmental quality in food which was also seen as key for underpinning food safety.
Impact of Binary Stars on Planet Statistics -- I. Planet Occurrence Rates, Trends with Stellar Mass, and Wide Companions to Hot Jupiter Hosts
Creators: name: Moe, Maxwell
name: Kratter, Kaitlin M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Close binaries suppress the formation of circumstellar (S-type) planets and therefore significantly bias the inferred planet occurrence rates and statistical trends. After compiling various radial velocity and high-resolution imaging surveys, we determine that binaries with a < 1 au fully suppress S-type planets, binaries with a = 10 au host close planets at 15% the occurrence rate of single stars, and wide binaries with a > 200 au have a negligible effect on close planet formation. We show that F = 43% +/- 7% of solar-type primaries do not host close planets due to suppression by close stellar companions. By removing spectroscopic binaries from their samples, radial velocity surveys for giant planets boost their detection rates by a factor of 1/(1-F) = 1.8 +/- 0.2 compared to transiting surveys. This selection bias fully accounts for the discrepancy in hot Jupiter occurrence rates inferred from these two detection methods. Correcting for both planet suppression by close binaries and transit dilution by wide binaries, the occurrence rate of small planets orbiting single G-dwarfs is 2.1 +/- 0.3 times larger than the rate inferred from all G-dwarfs in the Kepler survey. Additionally, about half (but not all) of the observed increase in small, short-period planets toward low-mass hosts can be explained by the corresponding decrease in the binary fraction. Finally, we demonstrate that the apparent enhancement of wide stellar companions to hot Jupiter hosts is due to multiple selection effects. Very close binaries, brown dwarf companions, and massive planets with M_2 > 7 M_J within a < 0.2 au preferentially have metal-poor hosts and wide tertiary companions, but genuine hot Jupiters with M_p = 0.2-4 M_J that formed via core accretion instead favor metal-rich hosts and do not exhibit a statistically significant excess of wide stellar companions.
description: 26 pages, 11 figures, updated version re-submitted to MNRAS
MOESM5 of Interventions to prevent, delay or reverse frailty in older people: a journey towards clinical guidelines
Creators: name: Marcucci, Maura
name: Damanti, Sarah
name: Germini, Federico
name: Joao Apostolo
name: Elzbieta Bobrowicz-Campos
name: Gwyther, Holly
name: Holland, Carol
name: Kurpas, Donata
name: Bujnowska-Fedak, Maria
name: Szwamel, Katarzyna
name: Santana, Silvina
name: Nobili, Alessandro
name: DâAvanzo, Barbara
name: Cano, Antonio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 5. Detailed justification for the judgement upon each Evidence to Decision criterion, for each guideline.
On the redshift cut-off for steep-spectrum radio sources
Creators: name: Jarvis, Matt J.
name: Rawlings, Steve
name: Willott, Chris J.
name: Blundell, Katherine M.
name: Eales, Steve
name: Lacy, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use three samples (3CRR, 6CE and 6C*) selected at low radio frequency to constrain the cosmic evolution in the radio luminosity function (RLF) for the `most luminous' steep-spectrum radio sources. Although intrinsically rare, such sources give the largest possible baseline in redshift for the complete flux-density-limited samples currently available. Using parametric models to describe the RLF which incorporate distributions in radio spectral shape and linear size as well as the usual luminosity and redshift, we find that the data are consistent with a constant comoving space density between z~2.5 and z~4.5. We find this model is favoured over a model with similar evolutionary behaviour to that of optically-selected quasars (i.e. a roughly Gaussian distribution in redshift) with a probability ratio of ~25:1 and ~100:1 for spatially-flat cosmologies with Omega_Lambda = 0 and Omega_Lambda = 0.7 respectively. Within the uncertainties, this evolutionary behaviour may be reconciled with the shallow decline preferred for the comoving space density of flat-spectrum sources by Dunlop & Peacock (1990) and Jarvis & Rawlings (2000), in line with the expectations of Unified Schemes.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
title: VidNuT-Konzeptions-Manual: Videovignettendreh,-schnitt, -bearbeitung und -finishing
Creators: name: Goreth, Sebastian
name: Eghtessad, Axel
name: Hills, Rouven
name: Huber Nievergelt, Verena
name: et, al.
Publisher: name: Pädagogische Hochschule Tirol
Year: 2024

description: Die vielschichtigen Aufgaben von Lehrpersonen geben bereits im Lehramtsstudium einen engen Takt vor. Umso wichtiger sollte die Verzahnung von universitären Studieninhalten und praxisnahen Umsetzungserfahrungen fokussiert werden. Unterrichtsvideovignetten bieten die Möglichkeit beim Einsatz in der Lehre zugleich auf Praxis vorbereitende Aspekte eingehen zu können. Diese können unter einer jeweiligen Perspektive fachdidaktisch, pädagogisch oder fachwissenschaftlich beleuchtet werden. Dieses Konzeptions-Manual richtet sich an all diejenigen, die sich innerhalb der Aus- Fort- und Weiterbildung von Lehrpersonen der Thematik Einsatz von Videovignetten annehmen wollen. Dazu wird beginnend der Hintergrund des Projektes VidNuT (Videovignetten in Naturwissenschaft, Technik und Textil) beschrieben, bevor eine ausführliche Anleitung zur Entwicklung von Videovignetten dargelegt wird. Der Aufbau unterteilt sich in den Rahmen gebenden Design Thinking-Ansatz zur Videovignettenentwicklung sowie technische Inhalte wie Kameraeinstellungen, Videoschnitt und –finishing, Komposition und Storyboardingerstellung.
Limits on the Mass of the Central Black Hole in 16 Nearby Bulges
Creators: name: Sarzi, Marc
name: Rix, Hans-Walter
name: Shields, Joseph C.
name: McIntosh, Daniel H.
name: Ho, Luis C.
name: Rudnick, Greg
name: Filippenko, Alexei V.
name: Sargent, Wallace L. W.
name: Barth, Aaron J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report upper limits on the masses of black holes that can be present in the centers of 16 nearby galaxy bulges. These limits for our statistically complete sample were derived from the modeling of the central emission-line widths ([N II] or [S II]), observed over a 0.25" X 0.2" (R < 9 pc) aperture. The experiment has a mean detection sensitivity of 3.9 X 10^6 solar masses. For three sample members with direct determinations of black hole masses our upper limits agree within the uncertainties, while in general our upper limits are found to be close to the masses measured in other bulges with global properties similar to ours. Remarkably, our limits lie quite closely to the recently derived relation between black hole mass and stellar velocity dispersion. These results support a picture wherein the black hole mass and overall galaxy structure are closely linked, as galaxies with exceptionally high black hole masses at a given velocity dispersion apparently are rare.
description: To appear in ApJ. 11 pages
Post EU Nitrates Directive implementation: an examination of the sustainable use of phosphorus in milk production
Creators: name: Buckley, Cathal
name: Wall, David P.
name: Moran, Brian
name: O'Neill, Stephen
name: Murphy, Paul N.C.
name: Buckley, Cathal
name: Wall, David P.
name: Moran, Brian
name: O'Neill, Stephen
name: Murphy, Paul N.C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Phosphorus
subject: farm gate balance
subject: phosphorus use efficiency
subject: random effects panel data model.

description: This research estimates farm gate phosphorus balances and use efficiencies across 147 specialist dairy farms over a seven year period (2006-2012) using nationally representative data and the Republic of Ireland as a case study. This period coincides with the introduction of phosphorus controls in agricultural production under EU Nitrates Directive based regulations. Results indicate that P balances declined by 50 per cent over the study period from 11.9 in 2006 to 6.0 Kgs Ha-1 in 2012. This decline was driven by a reduction in chemical fertiliser imports of 6.5 Kgs Ha-1 and is equivalent to a reduction of 281 kgs of P across the average farm and 2,392 tonnes of P across the weighted sample. This represents a cost saving of €812 per annum across the average farm and €6.89 million for the weighted sample over the study period. Phosphorus use efficiency also improved over the period from 60 per cent in 2006 to 78 per cent in 2012, peaking in 2011 at 88.3 per cent. Results of a random effects panel data model indicate that P balance and use efficiency are significantly influenced by factors such as fertiliser prices, stocking rates, land use potential, contact with extension services and rainfall patterns.
Hadronic Entropy Enhancement and Low Density QGP
Creators: name: Delfino, A.
name: da Silva, J. B.
name: Malheiro, M.
name: Chiapparini, M.
name: Bracco, M. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent studies show that for central collisions the rising of the incident energy from AGS to RHIC decreases the value of the chemical potential in the Hadron-QGP phase diagram. Thus, the formation of QGP at RHIC energies in central collisions may be expected to occur at very small values of the chemical potential. Using many different relativistic mean-field hadronic models (RMF) at this regime we show that the critical temperature for the Hadron-QGP transition is hadronic model independent. We have traced back the reason for this and conclude that it comes from the fact that the QGP entropy is much larger than the hadronic entropy obtained in all the RMF models. We also find that almost all of these models present a strong entropy enhancement in the hadronic sector coming from the baryonic phase transition to a nucleon-antinucleon plasma. This result is in agreement with the recent data obtained in the STAR collaboration at RHIC where it was found a rich proton-antiproton matter.
Differential Geometry of the Lie superalgebra of the quantum superplane
Creators: name: Celik, Salih
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17B45; 57T05; 58B32

description: Differential geometry of the quantum Lie superalgebra of the extended quantum superplane and its Z$_2$-graded Hopf algebra structure is obtained. Its Z$_2$-graded dual Hopf algebra is also given.
description: 11 pages
Superconformal algebras and Lie superalgebras of the Hodge theory
Creators: name: Poletaeva, Elena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We observe a correspondence between the zero modes of superconformal algebras $S'(2, 1)$ and W(4) and the Lie superalgebras formed by classical operators appearing in the K{ä}hler and hyper-K{ä}hler geometry.
description: Published by JNMP at http://www.sm.luth.se/math/JNMP/
Characteristic measures of symbolic dynamical systems
Creators: name: Frisch, Joshua
name: Tamuz, Omer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A probability measure is a characteristic measure of a topological dynamical system if it is invariant to the automorphism group of the system. We show that zero entropy shifts always admit characteristic measures. We use similar techniques to show that automorphism groups of minimal zero entropy shifts are sofic.
description: 9 pages
Macrochlamydinae Godwin-Austen 1888
Creators: name: Hyman, Isabel T.
name: Ponder, Winston F.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Stylommatophora
Ariophantidae

description: Subfamily Macrochlamydinae   Remarks. The classification of Baker (1941a) and Solem (1966) is followed here in the inclusion of this group as a subfamily of Ariophantidae, while Schileyko (2002b) treated it as a tribe of Ariophantinae.
 As well as Macrochlamys indica Benson, 1832, we tentatively include Sesara infrendens (Gould, 1844), the type species of Sesara, in the subfamily Macrochlamydinae. This latter species was not included in the phylogenetic analysis because only juvenile specimens were available. However, dissection showed that it possesses a folded epiphallic retractor caecum, appearing very similar to the coiled retractor caecum that is one of the synapomorphies of Macrochlamydinae. The only other species of Sesara for which anatomical data are known, Sesara parva Solem, 1966, also has a coiled retractor caecum (Solem 1966). Both species of Sesara also possess a large flagellum or lime-sac (the presence of an axial filament could not be confirmed; Solem 1966; this study), which according to Solem (1966), is also characteristic of Macrochlamydinae.
 The possible placement of Sesara in Macrochlamydinae has obvious implications for the status of subfamily Sesarinae. Baker (1941a) divided his Helicarionini (= Helicarionidae as defined by Hausdorf 1998) into Helicarioninae, which had an epiphallic retractor caecum, and Sesarinae, which lacked such a caecum. This conclusion was presumably based on the only anatomical drawing of the type species of Sesara then available (Blanford & Godwin-Austen 1908), which showed no caecum. Subsequent dissections have shown the caecum to be present in that species (Schileyko 2002b; this study) and in Sesara parva (Solem 1966). Solem (1966) and Hausdorf (1998) are followed here in regarding Sesarinae as synonym of Macroclamydinae.
We recognise Macrochlamydinae as a subfamily defined by the following key characters:
Shell not reduced (most taxa) or reduced (few taxa); sole furrows distinct. Epiphallic retractor caecum usually coiled; penis retractor muscle inserts laterally on epiphallic caecum. Stimulator absent or present.
description: Published as part of Hyman, Isabel T. & Ponder, Winston F., 2010, A morphological phylogenetic analysis and generic revision of Australian Helicarionidae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Stylommatophora), and an assessment of the relationships of the family 2462, pp. 1-148 in Zootaxa 2462 (1) on page 97, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2462.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5312710
Nonlinear Connections and Clifford Structures
Creators: name: Vacaru, Sergiu I.
name: Vicol, Nadejda A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 15A66; 53A; 58B20; 81D25; 53C60; 83C60; 83E15

description: We present an introduction to the geometry of higher order vector and co--vector bundles (including higher order generalizations of the Finsler geometry and Kaluza--Klein gravity) and review the basic results on Clifford and spinor structures on spaces with generic local anisotropy modeled by higher order nonlinear connections. Geometric applications in locally anisotropic gravity and matter field interactions are considered. This article contains a part of material given by these authors and P. Stavrinos in theirs lectures.
description: 80 pages, latex2e, version 2 with new references and minor corrections
UK Public Health Responsibility Deals – can they nudge consumers towards healthier diets?
Creators: name: Srinivasan, C.S.
name: Srinivasan, C.S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
Health Economics and Policy

description: The UK Government’s Responsibility Deals (Food Network) seeks to promote healthier dietary choices by consumers through food industry-led product reformulation initiatives enhancing the availability of healthier foods. Such public-private partnerships based on voluntary action from the food industry are part of the “nudge” agenda and are seen as preferred alternatives to more intrusive regulatory and fiscal interventions in food product markets. This paper develops a framework to assess the potential effectiveness of Responsibility Deals in influencing the population level intakes of energy and nutrients. Our analysis finds that Responsibility Deals, even if wholeheartedly adopted by the food industry, may not necessarily lead to significant reductions in population level energy and nutrient intakes. This is because the effect of product reformulation initiatives is mediated by consumer response to these initiatives both within and across major food product groups. Our results suggest that the major role for Responsibility Deals lies not in “nudging” consumers towards healthier dietary choices, but rather in reversing or halting the trends in food product nutrient composition changes over the last two decades that have rendered adherence to recommended dietary guidelines more difficult for consumers. Discussion paper presented at the 89th Annual Conference of the Agricultural Economics Society, University of Warwick, United Kingdom. April 13-15, 2015 Draft discussion paper: Corresponding author: c.s.srinivasan@reading.ac.uk , School of Agriculture, Policy and Development,
Existence of a Spectral Gap in the Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki Model on the Hexagonal Lattice
Creators: name: Lemm, Marius
name: Sandvik, Anders W.
name: Wang, Ling
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $S=1$ Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki (AKLT) quantum spin chain was the first rigorous example of an isotropic spin system in the Haldane phase. The conjecture that the $S=3/2$ AKLT model on the hexagonal lattice is also in a gapped phase has remained open, despite being a fundamental problem of ongoing relevance to condensed-matter physics and quantum information theory. Here we confirm this conjecture by demonstrating the size-independent lower bound $Δ>0.006$ on the spectral gap of the hexagonal model with periodic boundary conditions in the thermodynamic limit. Our approach consists of two steps combining mathematical physics and high-precision computational physics. We first prove a mathematical finite-size criterion which gives an analytical, size-independent bound on the spectral gap if the gap of a particular cut-out subsystem of 36 spins exceeds a certain threshold value. Then we verify the finite-size criterion numerically by performing state-of-the-art DMRG calculations on the subsystem.
description: 12 pages; 11 figures; final version
MOESM3 of Interventions to prevent, delay or reverse frailty in older people: a journey towards clinical guidelines
Creators: name: Marcucci, Maura
name: Damanti, Sarah
name: Germini, Federico
name: Joao Apostolo
name: Elzbieta Bobrowicz-Campos
name: Gwyther, Holly
name: Holland, Carol
name: Kurpas, Donata
name: Bujnowska-Fedak, Maria
name: Szwamel, Katarzyna
name: Santana, Silvina
name: Nobili, Alessandro
name: DâAvanzo, Barbara
name: Cano, Antonio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3: Table S1. Table that describes the members of the FOCUS Guideline Panel and their role in the development of the guidelines.
Supersymmetric Three Family SU(5) Grand Unified Models from Type IIA Orientifolds with Intersecting D6-Branes
Creators: name: Cvetic, Mirjam
name: Papadimitriou, Ioannis
name: Shiu, Gary
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct some N=1 supersymmetric three-family SU(5) Grand Unified Models from type IIA orientifolds on $\IT^6/(\IZ_2\times \IZ_2)$ with D6-branes intersecting at general angles. These constructions are supersymmetric only for special choices of untwisted moduli. We show that within the above class of constructions there are no supersymmetric three-family models with 3 copies of {\bf 10}-plets unless there are simultaneously some {\bf 15}-plets. We systematically analyze the construction of such models and their spectra. The M-theory lifts of these brane constructions become purely geometrical backgrounds: they are singular $G_2$ manifolds where the Grand Unified gauge symmetries and three families of chiral fermions are localized at codimension 4 and codimension 7 singularities respectively. We also study somepreliminary phenomenological features of the models.
description: 39 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables, 1 appendix, note added
Best Sobolev constants in the presence of sharp Hardy terms in Euclidean and hyperbolic space
Creators: name: Barbatis, Gerassimos
name: Tertikas, Achilles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35A23, 35J75, 35J60 (primary), 46E35, 35J60, 58E35 (secondary)

description: In this article we compute the best Sobolev constants for various Hardy-Sobolev inequalities with sharp Hardy term. This is carried out in three different environments: interior point singularity in Euclidean space, interior point singularity in hyperbolic space and boundary point singularity in Euclidean domains.
description: 27 pages
title: Selective CO Methanation in H₂-Rich Gas for Household Fuel Cell Applications
Creators: name: Garbis, Panagiota Katherina
name: Jess, Andreas
Publisher: name: University of Bayreuth
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: CO methanation
subject: ruthenium catalyst
subject: process simulation
subject: adiabatic reactor
subject: 540
subject: 600
subject: 620
subject: 660

description: Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are often used for household applications, utilizing hydrogen produced from natural gas from the gas grid. The hydrogen is thereby produced by steam reforming of natural gas followed by a water gas shift (WGS) unit. The H2-rich gas contains besides CO2 small amounts of CO, which deactivates the catalyst used in the PEMFCs. Preferential oxidation has so far been a reliable process to reduce this concentration but valuable H2 is also partly converted. Selective CO methanation considered as an attractive alternative. However, CO2 methanation consuming the valuable H2 has to be minimized. The modelling of selective CO methanation in a household fuel cell system is presented. The simulation was conducted for single and two-stage adiabatic fixed bed reactors (in the latter case with intermediate cooling), and the best operating conditions to achieve the required residual CO content (100 ppm) were calculated. This was done by varying the gas inlet temperature as well as the mass of the catalyst. The feed gas represented a reformate gas downstream of a typical WGS reaction unit (0.5%–1% CO, 10%–25% CO2, and 5%–20% H2O (rest H2)).
Observations of H3+ in the Diffuse Interstellar Medium
Creators: name: McCall, B. J.
name: Hinkle, K. H.
name: Geballe, T. R.
name: Moriarty-Schieven, G. H.
name: Evans, N. J.
name: Kawaguchi, K.
name: Takano, S.
name: Smith, V. V.
name: Oka, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Surprisingly large column densities of H3+ have been detected using infrared absorption spectroscopy in seven diffuse cloud sightlines (Cygnus OB2 12, Cygnus OB2 5, HD 183143, HD 20041, WR 104, WR 118, and WR 121), demonstrating that H3+ is ubiquitous in the diffuse interstellar medium. Using the standard model of diffuse cloud chemistry, our H3+ column densities imply unreasonably long path lengths (~1 kpc) and low densities (~3 cm^-3). Complimentary millimeter-wave, infrared, and visible observations of related species suggest that the chemical model is incorrect and that the number density of H3+ must be increased by one to two orders of magnitude. Possible solutions include a reduced electron fraction, an enhanced rate of H2 ionization, and/or a smaller value of the H3+ dissociative recombination rate constant than implied by laboratory experiments.
description: To be published in Astrophysical Journal, March 2002
MOESM4 of Interventions to prevent, delay or reverse frailty in older people: a journey towards clinical guidelines
Creators: name: Marcucci, Maura
name: Damanti, Sarah
name: Germini, Federico
name: Joao Apostolo
name: Elzbieta Bobrowicz-Campos
name: Gwyther, Holly
name: Holland, Carol
name: Kurpas, Donata
name: Bujnowska-Fedak, Maria
name: Szwamel, Katarzyna
name: Santana, Silvina
name: Nobili, Alessandro
name: DâAvanzo, Barbara
name: Cano, Antonio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 4. Example of the output of the voting process using the Evidence to Decision template, as received and processed by the guidelines technical team.
The Energetics and Mass-loss of Mrk33
Creators: name: Summers, Lesley K.
name: Stevens, Ian R.
name: Strickland, David K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present ROSAT HRI X-ray data and optical imaging of the important dwarf starburst Markarian 33. We find an extended, complex, shell-like morphology in the X-ray emission, with an extent of 2.3 x 1.9kpc, coincident with the bright star-forming regions at the centre of the galaxy. The physical extent of this X-ray emission from Mrk 33 is very similar to the observed Halpha emission, and suggests that the bulk of the X-ray emission is coming from an expanding superbubble. We estimate the age and mass of Mrk 33's starburst to be 5.8 Myr and 6.9 x 10^{6} Msolar respectively with the energy injection rate in the central regions of the galaxy being 10^{41} erg/s, while the associated mass-loss rate from the star-forming regions is estimated to be 0.2 Msolar/yr. We suggest that the X-ray emission is predominantly powered by starburst type activity and argue that a blowout in the form of a galactic wind is the most likely fate for Mrk 33 resulting in the loss of most of the galaxy's metal-enriched material and a small fraction (<1 per cent) of the ISM.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
title: Elucidating metabolic alterations in myeloproliferative neoplasms: implications for treatment
Creators: name: Yan, Fei
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 2025

description: Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are haematopoietic disorders leading to aberrant expansion of myeloid, erythroid and megakaryocytic lineages, which are classified into three phenotypes namely Polycythaemia Vera (PV), Essential Thrombocythemia (ET) and Primary Myelofibrosis (PMF). The three main somatic mutations leading to MPN are Janus Kinase 2 V617F (JAK2V617F), Janus Kinase 2 exon 12 and Calreticulin (CALR). JAK2V617F was the first driver mutation found in MPNs, with a mutation rate of 95%/60%/55% in PV, ET and PMF respectively. Janus Kinase 2 is one of the four Janus proteins that are constructed to transmit signals from cytokines to downstream pathways. Inside normal cells, Janus Kinase 2 has a dual kinase structure with two domains: an active tyrosine kinase domain JH1 and a catalytically inactive pseudokinase domain JH2. Both domains interact with each other, depending on cellular context with JH2 inhibiting JH1 in the absence of cytokines. In MPN, these mutations lead to the inhibition of JH1 and constitutive activation of downstream signalling pathways including STAT5, RAS/MAPK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways in the absence of growth factors. The discovery of JAK2 inhibitors is beneficial for improving the disease phenotype, but do not eliminate the persistent blood cancer stem cells, which are the cause of the disease. It is therefore important, to find novel therapeutic ways to target blood cancer stem cells. To sustain accelerated growth rate, cancer cells need abnormally high amounts of energy, taken up as nutrients (e.g. glucose), and to increase the breakdown of such nutrients through metabolic pathways. In addition, cancer cells often alter the amount of oxygen they require for the purpose of growing rapidly. Cancer cells therefore alter normal cellular metabolic pathways. Importantly, relying on these alterations makes them vulnerable and targeting altered metabolism and oxygen consumption is an attractive approach to eliminate cancer therapeutically.

My data indicate that metabolic processes are deregulated in MPN. In this thesis, experiments have been performed using advanced assays including Seahorse Metabolic Flux Assay, Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, and Flow-cytometry. C57BI/6 background JAK2V617F mice bone marrow cells were used. We have found the increased oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis rates in MPN Homozygous and heterozygous mice c-kit+ cells. Furthermore, three solute carriers—SLC25A37, SLC2A4, and SLC43A1—were highly expressed in HSCs from homozygous mice, suggesting that targeting glutamine as an anaplerotic pathway could be a potential therapeutic approach.
MOESM3 of Impact on core values of family medicine from a 2-year Masterâ s programme in Gezira, Sudan: observational study
Creators: name: Mohamed, Khalid
name: Hunskaar, Steinar
name: Abdelrahman, Samira
name: Elfatih Malik
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3. Patientâ s questionnaire.
[OII] emitters in MultiDark-Galaxies and DEEP2
Creators: name: Favole, G.
name: Gonzalez-Perez, V.
name: Orsi, A.
name: Stoppacher, D.
name: Comparat, J.
name: Cora, S. A.
name: Vega-Martinez, C. A.
name: Stevens, A. R. H.
name: Maraston, C.
name: Croton, D.
name: Knebe, A.
name: Benson, A. J.
name: Montero-Dorta, A. D.
name: Padilla, N.
name: Prada, F.
name: Thomas, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use three semi-analytic models (SAMs) of galaxy formation and evolution, run on the same 1$h^{-1}$Gpc MultiDark Planck2 cosmological simulation, to investigate the properties of [OII] emission line galaxies in the redshift range $0.6
description: 23 pages, 19 figures, published in MNRAS. Data available at: http://popia.ft.uam.es/MultiDarkEmissionLines/. Dust attenuation code: https://github.com/gfavole/dust
Holography principle and arithmetic of algebraic curves
Creators: name: Manin, Yuri I.
name: Marcolli, Matilde
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: According to the holography principle (due to G.`t Hooft, L. Susskind, J. Maldacena, et al.), quantum gravity and string theory on certain manifolds with boundary can be studied in terms of a conformal field theory on the boundary. Only a few mathematically exact results corroborating this exciting program are known. In this paper we interpret from this perspective several constructions which arose initially in the arithmetic geometry of algebraic curves. We show that the relation between hyperbolic geometry and Arakelov geometry at arithmetic infinity involves exactly the same geometric data as the Euclidean AdS_3 holography of black holes. Moreover, in the case of Euclidean AdS_2 holography, we present some results on bulk/boundary correspondence where the boundary is a non-commutative space.
description: AMSTeX 30 pages, 7 figures