cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Ab initio Green-Kubo simulations of heat transport in solids: Method and implementation
Creators: name: Knoop, Florian
name: Scheffler, Matthias
name: Carbogno, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ab initio Green-Kubo (aiGK) simulations of heat transport in solids allow for assessing lattice thermal conductivity in anharmonic or complex materials from first principles. In this work, we present a detailed account of their practical application and evaluation with an emphasis on noise reduction and finite-size corrections in semiconductors and insulators. To account for such corrections, we propose strategies in which all necessary numerical parameters are chosen based on the dynamical properties displayed during molecular dynamics simulations in order to minimize manual intervention. This paves the way for applying the aiGK method in semi-automated and high-throughput frameworks. The proposed strategies are presented and demonstrated for computing the lattice thermal conductivity at room temperature in the mildly anharmonic periclase MgO, and for the strongly anharmonic marshite CuI.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures
The distance backbone of directed networks
Creators: name: Costa, Felipe Xavier
name: Correia, Rion Brattig
name: Rocha, Luis M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In weighted graphs the shortest path between two nodes is often reached through an indirect path, out of all possible connections, leading to structural redundancies which play key roles in the dynamics and evolution of complex networks. We have previously developed a parameter-free, algebraically-principled methodology to uncover such redundancy and reveal the distance backbone of weighted graphs, which has been shown to be important in transmission dynamics, inference of important paths, and quantifying the robustness of networks. However, the method was developed for undirected graphs. Here we expand this methodology to weighted directed graphs and study the redundancy and robustness found in nine networks ranging from social, biomedical, and technical systems. We found that similarly to undirected graphs, directed graphs in general also contain a large amount of redundancy, as measured by the size of their (directed) distance backbone. Our methodology adds an additional tool to the principled sparsification of complex networks and the measure of their robustness.
description: Accepted at the 11th International Conference on Complex Networks and their Applications
Proton and Lambda-Hyperon Production in Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions
Creators: name: Arakelyan, G. H.
name: Merino, C.
name: Shabelski, Yu. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The experimental data on net proton and net Lambda-hyperon spectra obtained by the NA35 Collaboration, as well as the inclusive densities of Lambda and bar-Lambda obtained by NA49, NA57, and STAR collaborations, are compared with the predictions of the Quark-Gluon String Model. The contributions of String Junction diffusion, interactions with nuclear clusters, and the inelastic screening corrections are accounted for. The level of numerical agreement of the calculations with the experimental data is of about 20-30%. The predictions for LHC are also presented.
description: 20 pages, 7 figures, and 1 table
On Maxwell electrodynamics in multi-dimensional spaces
Creators: name: Frolov, Alexei M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The governing equations of Maxwell electrodynamics in multi-dimensional spaces are derived from the variational principle of least action which is applied to the action function of the electromagnetic field. The Hamiltonian approach for the electromagnetic field in multi-dimensional pseudo-Euclidean (flat) spaces has also been developed and investigated. Based on the two arising first-class constraints we have generalized to multi-dimensional spaces a number of different gauges known for the three-dimensional electromagnetic field. For multi-dimensional spaces of non-zero curvature the governing equations for the multi-dimensional electromagnetic field are written in manifestly covariant form. Multi-dimensional Einstein's equations of metric gravity in the presence of electromagnetic field have been re-written in the true tensor form. Methods of scalar electrodynamics are applied to analyze Maxwell equations in the two- and one-dimensional spaces.
Morbidostat and plates set-up protocol
Creators: name: González, Natalia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: In this document is described a more detailed version of the use of the morbidostat (a bioreactor that monitors bacterial growth and adjusts antibiotic concentration to induce bacterial resistance against the drug) in this experiment. The software and the script used are can be found in another article (Verhoeven et al. 2019).
On the amplitude of steady water waves with positive constant vorticity
Creators: name: Lokharu, Evgeniy
name: Wahlén, Erik
name: Weber, Jörg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For two-dimensional steady pure-gravity water waves with a unidirectional flow of constant favourable vorticity, we prove an explicit bound on the amplitude of the wave, which decays to zero as the vorticity tends to infinity. Notably, our result holds true for arbitrary water waves, that is, we do not have to restrict ourselves to periodic or solitary or symmetric waves.
Influence of Departures from LTE on Oxygen Abundance Determination
Creators: name: Sitnova, T. M.
name: Mashonkina, L. I.
name: Ryabchikova, T. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We performed non-LTE calculations for O I with the plane-parallel model atmospheres for a set of stellar parameters corresponding to A-K type stars. The model atom of Przybilla et al. (2000) was updated using the best theoretical and experimental atomic data available so far. Non-LTE leads to strengthening the O I lines, and the difference between the non-LTE and LTE abundances (non-LTE correction) is negative. The departures from LTE grow toward higher effective temperature and lower surface gravity. In the entire temperature range and log g = 4, the non-LTE correction does not exceed 0.05 dex in absolute value for O I lines in the visible spectral range. The non-LTE corrections are significantly larger for the infrared O I 7771-5 A lines and reach -1.9 dex in the model atmosphere with Teff = 10000 K and log g = 2. To differentiate the effects of inelastic collisions with electrons and neutral hydrogen atoms on the statistical equilibrium (SE) of O I, we derived the oxygen abundance for the three well studied A-type stars Vega, Sirius, and HD 32115. For each star, non-LTE leads to smaller difference between the infrared and visible lines. For example, for Vega, this difference reduces from 1.17 dex in LTE down to 0.14 dex when ignoring LTE. To remove the difference between the infrared and visible lines in A-type stars completely, one needs to reduce the used electron-impact excitation rates by Barklem (2007) by a factor of 4. In the case of Procyon and the Sun, inelastic collisions with H I affect the SE of O I, and agreement between the abundances from different lines is achieved when using the Drawin's formalism to compute collisional rates. The solar mean oxygen abundance from the O I 6300, 6158, 7771-5, and 8446 A lines is log epsilon = 8.74+-0.05, when using the MAFAGS-OS solar model atmosphere and log epsilon = 8.78+-0.03, when applying the 3D corrections from the literature.
description: Published in Astronomy Letters, 2013, V.39, p.126-140
A review of neutrino decoupling from the early universe to the current universe
Creators: name: Akita, Kensuke
name: Yamaguchi, Masahide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the distortions of spectra of relic neutrinos due to the interactions with electrons, positrons, and neutrinos in the early universe. We solve integro-differential kinetic equations for the neutrino density matrix, including vacuum three-flavor neutrino oscillations, oscillations in electron and positron background, a collision term and finite temperature corrections to electron mass and electromagnetic plasma up to the next-to-leading order $\mathcal{O}(e^3)$. After that, we estimate the effects of the spectral distortions in neutrino decoupling on the number density and energy density of the Cosmic Neutrino Background (C$ν$B) in the current universe, and discuss the implications of these effects on the capture rates in direct detection of the C$ν$B on tritium, with emphasis on the PTOLEMY-type experiment. In addition, we find a precise value of the effective number of neutrinos, $N_{\rm eff}=3.044$. However, QED corrections to weak interaction rates at order $\mathcal{O}(e^2 G_F^2)$ and forward scattering of neutrinos via their self-interactions have not been precisely taken into account in the whole literature so far. Recent studies suggest that these neglections might induce uncertainties of $\pm(10^{-3} - 10^{-4})$ in $N_{\rm eff}$.
description: 68 pages, 5 figures, 9 tables; comments welcome; invited review submitted in Universe, special issue "Recent Advances in Neutrino Physics: From Theory to Experiments" v2: Matches the published version in Universe
Measuring the Mass Hierarchy with Muon and Hadron Events in Atmospheric Neutrino Experiments
Creators: name: Ghosh, Anushree
name: Choubey, Sandhya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutrino mass hierarchy can be measured in atmospheric neutrino experiments through the observation of earth matter effects. Magnetized iron calorimeters have been shown to be good in this regard due to their charge identification capabilities. The charged current interaction of $ν_μ$ in this detector, produces a muon track and a hadron shower. The direction of the muon track can be measured very accurately. We show the improvement expected in the reach of this class of experiments to the neutrino mass hierarchy, as we improve the muon energy resolution and the muon reconstruction efficiency. We next propose to include the hadron events in the analysis, by tagging them with the zenith angle of the corresponding muon and binning the hadron data first in energy and then in zenith angle. To the best of our knowledge this way of performing the analysis of the atmospheric neutrino data has not be considered before. We show that the hadron events increase the mass hierarchy sensitivity of the experiment. Finally, we show the expected mass hierarchy sensitivity in terms of the reconstructed neutrino energy and zenith angle. We show how the detector resolutions spoil the earth matter effects in the neutrino channel and argue why the sensitivity obtained from the neutrino analysis cannot be significantly better than that obtained from the analysis using muon data alone. As a result, the best mass hierarchy sensitivity is obtained when we add the contribution of the muon and the hadron data. For $\sin^22θ_{13}=0.1$, $\sin^2θ_{23}=0.5$, a muon energy resolution of 2\%, reconstruction efficiency of 80\% and exposure of $50\times 10$ kton-year, we could get up to $4.5σ$ signal for the mass hierarchy from combining the muon and hadron data.
description: 29 pages
Opening up a window on the postinflationary QCD axion
Creators: name: Bao, Yunjia
name: Fan, JiJi
name: Li, Lingfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The QCD axion cosmology depends crucially on whether the QCD axion is present during inflation or not. We point out that contrary to the standard criterion, the Peccei-Quinn (PQ) symmetry could remain unbroken during inflation, even when the axion decay constant, $f_a$, is (much) above the inflationary Hubble scale, $H_I$. This is achieved through the heavy-lifting of the PQ scalar field due to its leading non-renormalizable interaction with the inflaton, encoded in a high-dimensional operator which respects the approximate shift symmetry of the inflaton. The mechanism opens up a new window for the post-inflationary QCD axion and significantly enlarges the parameter space, in which the QCD axion dark matter with $f_a > H_I$ could be compatible with high-scale inflation and free from constraints on axion isocurvature perturbations. There also exist non-derivative couplings, which still keep the inflaton shift symmetry breaking under control, to achieve the heavy-lifting of the PQ field during inflation. Additionally, by introducing an early matter domination era, more parameter space of high $f_a$ could yield the observed DM abundance.
description: v1: 9 pages, 1 figure; v2: PRL version, 10 pages, 1 figure, references added, discussions expanded, main conclusions unchanged
Gravitational scattering of the sterile neutrino halo dark matter
Creators: name: Chan, Man Ho
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A recent study shows that gravitational scattering of dark matter, in the form of massive objects with mass $m \sim 10^3-10^4M_{\odot}$, could provide a possible solution to alleviate the small-scale structure problems of cold dark matter. The scattering cross section is velocity-dependent so that this scenario can explain why self-interaction of dark matter is significant in dwarf galaxies, but not in massive galaxies and galaxy clusters. In this Letter, we show that this kind of dark massive objects could be made of sterile neutrinos with a possible rest mass range $m_ν \sim 7.6$ keV $-$ 71 MeV. This mass range generally satisfies most of the current observational constraints. The entire structure of the sterile neutrino halos can be simply predicted from standard physics.
description: Accepted in MNRAS Letters
The persistence of vortex structures between rotating cylinders in the 106 Taylor number range
Creators: name: Rona, Aldo
name: Adebayo, David S.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 90101 Aerodynamics (excl. Hypersonic Aerodynamics)
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering
subject: Mechanical Engineering

description: The flow in the annular gap d = Ro - Ri between a stationary outer cylinder of radius Ro and a co-axial rotating inner cylinder of radius Ri is characterised at large gap, over the radius ratio (η) range 0.44 ≤ η ≤ 0.53 and aspect ratio (Γ) range 7.81 ≤ Γ ≤ 11.36. These configurations are more representative of turbomachinery bearing chambers and large rotating machinery than the journal bearing geometries of narrow gap commonly reported in the literature. Particle Image Velocimetry measurements are taken across the full meridional plane over the Taylor number (Ta) range 258 × 103 ≤ Ta ≤ 10.93 × 106, which is 1000 times higher than the critical Taylor number for the onset of the first axisymmetric Taylor instability. Well-defined azimuthal vortex structures persist over this high Taylor number range, characterised by a constant number of vortices at a given aspect ratio, vortex core axial and radial motion over time, and mixing between neighbour vortices. This regime, with wavy Taylor vortex flow like features, is defined over the range 1.18 × 106 ≤ Ta ≤ 6.47 × 106. These results form a body of experimental evidence from which further progress in the understanding of the wavy Taylor vortex dynamics can be sought, through advanced flow dynamic models that reproduce the persistence of the observed flow features.
Resonant scattering and diffraction beamline P09 at PETRA III
Creators: name: Strempfer, J.
name: Francoual, S.
name: Reuther, D.
name: Shukla, D. K.
name: Skaugen, A.
name: Schulte-Schrepping, H.
name: Kracht, T.
name: Franz, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The resonant scattering and diffraction beamline P09 at PETRA III is designed for X-ray experiments requiring small beams, energy tunability, variable polarization and high photon flux. It is highly flexible in terms of beam size and offers full higher harmonic suppression. A state of the art double phase retarder setup provides variable linear or circular polarization. A high precision Psi-diffractometer and a heavy load diffractometer in horizontal Psi-geometry allow the accommodation of a wide variety of sample environments. A 14 T cryo-magnet is available for scattering experiments in magnetic fields.
Enhanced Effective Aperture Distribution Function for Characterizing Large-Scale Antenna Arrays
Creators: name: Cai, Xuesong
name: Zhu, Meifang
name: Fedorov, Aleksei
name: Tufvesson, Fredrik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Accurate characterization of large-scale antenna arrays is growing in importance and complexity for the fifth-generation (5G) and beyond systems, as they feature more antenna elements and require increased overall performance. The full 3D patterns of all antenna elements in the array need to be characterized because they are in general different due to construction inaccuracy, coupling, antenna array's asymmetry, etc. The effective aperture distribution function (EADF) can provide an analytic description of an antenna array based on a full-sphere measurement of the array in an anechoic chamber. However, as the array aperture increases, denser spatial samples are needed for EADF due to large distance offsets of array elements from the reference point in the anechoic chamber, leading to a prohibitive measurement time and increased complexity of EADF. In this paper, we present the EADF applied to large-scale arrays and highlight issues caused by the large array aperture. To overcome the issues, an enhanced EADF is proposed with a low complexity that is intrinsically determined by the characteristic of each array element rather than the array aperture. The enhanced EADF is validated using experimental measurements conducted at 27-30 GHz frequency band with a relatively large planar array.
description: 10 pages. To appear in IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation
Anharmonicity in Thermal Insulators: An Analysis from First Principles
Creators: name: Knoop, Florian
name: Purcell, Thomas A. R.
name: Scheffler, Matthias
name: Carbogno, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The anharmonicity of atomic motion limits the thermal conductivity in crystalline solids. However, a microscopic understanding of the mechanisms active in strong thermal insulators is lacking. In this letter, we classify 465 experimentally known materials with respect to their anharmonicity and perform fully anharmonic ab initio Green-Kubo calculations for 58 of them, finding 28 thermal insulators with $κ< 10$ W/mK including 6 with ultralow $κ\lesssim 1$ W/mK. Our analysis reveals that the underlying strong anharmonic dynamics is driven by the exploration of meta-stable intrinsic defect geometries. This is at variance with the frequently applied perturbative approach, in which the dynamics is assumed to evolve around a single stable geometry.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
End-to-End Label Uncertainty Modeling in Speech Emotion Recognition using Bayesian Neural Networks and Label Distribution Learning
Creators: name: Prabhu, Navin Raj
name: Lehmann-Willenbrock, Nale
name: Gerkman, Timo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: To train machine learning algorithms to predict emotional expressions in terms of arousal and valence, annotated datasets are needed. However, as different people perceive others' emotional expressions differently, their annotations are subjective. To account for this, annotations are typically collected from multiple annotators and averaged to obtain ground-truth labels. However, when exclusively trained on this averaged ground-truth, the model is agnostic to the inherent subjectivity in emotional expressions. In this work, we therefore propose an end-to-end Bayesian neural network capable of being trained on a distribution of annotations to also capture the subjectivity-based label uncertainty. Instead of a Gaussian, we model the annotation distribution using Student's t-distribution, which also accounts for the number of annotations available. We derive the corresponding Kullback-Leibler divergence loss and use it to train an estimator for the annotation distribution, from which the mean and uncertainty can be inferred. We validate the proposed method using two in-the-wild datasets. We show that the proposed t-distribution based approach achieves state-of-the-art uncertainty modeling results in speech emotion recognition, and also consistent results in cross-corpora evaluations. Furthermore, analyses reveal that the advantage of a t-distribution over a Gaussian grows with increasing inter-annotator correlation and a decreasing number of annotations available.
description: Accepted Paper at IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing, June 2023. Contains main paper with supplementary material. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2207.12135
Driving innovation through project based learning: A pre-university STEAM for Social Good initiative
Creators: name: Manikutty, Gayathri
name: Sasidharan, Sreejith
name: Rao, Bhavani
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Covid pandemic is a clarion call for increased sensitivity to the interconnected nature of social problems facing our world today. A future-oriented education on critical issues, such as those outlined in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) and designing potential solutions for such problems is an imperative skill that must be imparted to children to help them navigate their future in today's unpredictable world. Towards this goal, we have been conducting 3.5 month-long mentoring programs for pre-university students in India to participate in a STEAM for Social Good innovation challenge conducted annually by the Government of India. Using digital and physical computing skills, we helped children explore creative solutions for social problems through a constructionist approach to learning, wherein they ideated and reflected upon the problems in their communities. The children learnt the Engineering Design Thinking process and worked in online groups of two or three, from concept to completion. Despite the constraints posed by the pandemic, they explored creative ways to think about design and innovation. They completed a variety of tasks by making, tinkering, engineering, assembling, and programming to grasp the intricate relationship between software and hardware. Subsequently, the children showcased their creative abilities through video storytelling to a panel of domain experts. In this paper, we present the children's perspective of their experiences through this journey, the evaluation metrics based on IEEE design principles, and our learnings from conducting this initiative as a university-school partnership model for 84 middle and high school students. The aspirational intent of this initiative is to make the children better social problem solvers and help them perceive social problems as opportunities to enhance life for themselves and their communities.
description: IEEE Frontier in Education 2022
Killing Symmetries in $\mathcal{H}$-Spaces with $Λ$
Creators: name: Chudecki, Adam
name: Przanowski, Maciej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: All Killing symmetries in complex $\mathcal{H}$-spaces with $Λ$ in terms of the Plebański - Robinson - Finley coordinate system are found. All $\mathcal{H}$-metrics with $Λ$ admitting a null Killing vector are explicitly given. It is shown that the problem of non-null Killing vector reduces to looking for solution of the Boyer - Finley - Plebański (Toda field) equation
A model-free approach to continuous-time finance
Creators: name: Chiu, Henry
name: Cont, Rama
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Finance (q-fin.MF)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We present a non-probabilistic, pathwise approach to continuous-time finance based on causal functional calculus. We introduce a definition of self-financing, free from any integration concept and show that the value of a self-financing portfolio is a pathwise integral (every self-financing strategy is a gradient) and that generic domain of functional calculus is inherently arbitrage-free. We then consider the problem of hedging a path-dependent payoff across a generic set of scenarios. We apply the transition principle of Isaacs in differential games and obtain a verification theorem for the optimal solution, which is characterised by a fully non-linear path-dependent equation. For the Asian option, we obtain explicit solution.
Biological neurons act as generalization filters in reservoir computing
Creators: name: Sumi, Takuma
name: Yamamoto, Hideaki
name: Katori, Yuichi
name: Moriya, Satoshi
name: Konno, Tomohiro
name: Sato, Shigeo
name: Hirano-Iwata, Ayumi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Reservoir computing is a machine learning paradigm that transforms the transient dynamics of high-dimensional nonlinear systems for processing time-series data. Although reservoir computing was initially proposed to model information processing in the mammalian cortex, it remains unclear how the non-random network architecture, such as the modular architecture, in the cortex integrates with the biophysics of living neurons to characterize the function of biological neuronal networks (BNNs). Here, we used optogenetics and fluorescent calcium imaging to record the multicellular responses of cultured BNNs and employed the reservoir computing framework to decode their computational capabilities. Micropatterned substrates were used to embed the modular architecture in the BNNs. We first show that modular BNNs can be used to classify static input patterns with a linear decoder and that the modularity of the BNNs positively correlates with the classification accuracy. We then used a timer task to verify that BNNs possess a short-term memory of ~1 s and finally show that this property can be exploited for spoken digit classification. Interestingly, BNN-based reservoirs allow transfer learning, wherein a network trained on one dataset can be used to classify separate datasets of the same category. Such classification was not possible when the input patterns were directly decoded by a linear decoder, suggesting that BNNs act as a generalization filter to improve reservoir computing performance. Our findings pave the way toward a mechanistic understanding of information processing within BNNs and, simultaneously, build future expectations toward the realization of physical reservoir computing systems based on BNNs.
description: 31 pages, 5 figures, 3 supplementary figures
On separable decompositions of quantum states with strong positive partial transposes
Creators: name: Bylicka, Bogna
name: Chruściński, Dariusz
name: Jurkowski, Jacek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze a class of positive partial transpose states (PPT) such that the positivity of its partial transposition is recognized with respect to canonical factorization of the original density operator (Cholesky block decomposition). We call such PPT states strong PPT states (SPPT). This property, contrary to PPT, is basis dependent. It is shown that there exists a proper subset of SPPT states which are separable and provide a separable decomposition for any of these states.
description: 6 pages
Hölder differentiability of self-conformal devil's staircases
Creators: name: Troscheit, Sascha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 28A80, 26A27, 37C45, 37D35

description: In this paper we consider the probability distribution function of a Gibbs measure supported on a self-conformal set given by an iterated function system (devil's staircase). We use thermodynamic multifractal formalism to calculate the Hausdorff dimension of the sets $S^α_{0}$, $S^α_{\infty}$ and $S^α$, the set of points at which this function has, respectively, Hölder derivative 0, $\infty$ or no derivative in the general sense. This extends recent work by Darst, Dekking, Falconer, Kesseböhmer and Stratmann and Yao, Zhang and Li.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures
Silacrown Ethers, Pharmaceutical Compositions Thereof, and Therapeutic Applications Thereof
Creators: name: Arkles, Barry C.
name: Arkles, Jeffrey S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: crown ether
channelopathy
macrocycle
ionophore
ion channels and transporters
vasodilators
organosilicon chemistry
heterocycle
vascular tissue
heterocyclic compounds

description: Large ring silacrown ethers having at least fourteen ring atoms with at least one lipophilic or hydrophobic substituent on the ring and/or on the silicon atom are provided. Pharmaceutical compositions containing these silacrown ethers and the use of these materials as therapeutic agents are also described.
Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya driven helical-butterfly structure in Ba3NbFe3Si2O14
Creators: name: Scagnoli, V.
name: Huang, S. W.
name: Garganourakis, M.
name: de Souza, R. A.
name: Staub, U.
name: Simonet, V.
name: Lejay, P.
name: Ballou, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have used soft x-ray magnetic diffraction at the Fe3+ L2,3 edges to examine to what extent the Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interaction in Ba3NbFe3Si2O14 influences its low temperature magnetic structure. A modulated component of the moments along the c-axis is present, adding to the previously proposed helical magnetic configuration of co-planar moments in the a,b-plane. This leads to a helical-butterfly structure and suggests that both the multi-axial in-plane and the uniform out-of-plane Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya vectors are relevant. A non zero orbital magnetic signal is also observed at the oxygen K edge, which reflects the surprisingly strong hybridization between iron 3d and oxygen 2p states, given the nominal spherical symmetry of the Fe3+ half filled shell.
Observation of Transient Momentum-Space Interference During Scattering of a Condensate From an Optical Barrier
Creators: name: Chang, Rockson
name: Potnis, Shreyas
name: Ellenor, Christopher W.
name: Siercke, Mirco
name: Hayat, Alex
name: Steinberg, Aephraim M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scattering theory traditionally deals with the asymptotic behaviour of a system far removed from the actual scattering event. Here we present an experimental study of the one-dimensional scattering of a non-interacting condensate of 87-Rb atoms from a potential barrier in the non-asymptotic regime, for which the collision dynamics are still ongoing. We show that for near-transparent barriers, there are two distinct transient scattering effects that arise and dramatically change the momentum distribution during the collision: a deceleration of wavepacket components in mid-collision, and an interference between incident and transmitted portions of the wavepacket. Both effects lead to the re-distribution of momenta giving rise to a rich interference pattern that can be used to perform reconstruction of the single-particle phase profile.
Benchmarking the Ising Universality Class in $3 \le d < 4$ dimensions
Creators: name: Bonanno, Claudio
name: Cappelli, Andrea
name: Kompaniets, Mikhail
name: Okuda, Satoshi
name: Wiese, Kay Jörg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Ising critical exponents $η$, $ν$ and $ω$ are determined up to one-per-thousand relative error in the whole range of dimensions $3 \le d < 4$, using numerical conformal-bootstrap techniques. A detailed comparison is made with results by the resummed epsilon-expansion in varying dimension, the analytic bootstrap, Monte Carlo and non-perturbative renormalization-group methods, finding very good overall agreement. Precise conformal field theory data of scaling dimensions and structure constants are obtained as functions of dimension, improving on earlier findings, and providing benchmarks in $3 \le d < 4$.
description: 43 pages, 44 pdf figures, 7 tables. v2: further data and comments added. v3: published version with better description of boostrap navigator data and resummation techniques
Asteroseismic constraints for Gaia
Creators: name: Creevey, O. L.
name: Thévenin, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Distances from the Gaia mission will no doubt improve our understanding of stellar physics by providing an excellent constraint on the luminosity of the star. However, it is also clear that high precision stellar properties from, for example, asteroseismology, will also provide a needed input constraint in order to calibrate the methods that Gaia will use, e.g. stellar models or GSP_phot. For solar-like stars (F, G, K IV/V), asteroseismic data delivers at the least two very important quantities: (1) the average large frequency separation and (2) the frequency corresponding to the maximum of the modulated-amplitude spectrum nu_max. Both of these quantities are related directly to stellar parameters (radius and mass) and in particular their combination (gravity and density). We show how the precision in , nu_max, and atmospheric parameters T_eff and [Fe/H] affect the determination of gravity (log g) for a sample of well-known stars. We find that log g can be determined within less than 0.02 dex accuracy for our sample while considering precisions in the data expected for V<12 stars from Kepler data. We also derive masses and radii which are accurate to within 1sigma of the accepted values. This study validates the subsequent use of all of the available asteroseismic data on main sequence solar-like stars from the Kepler field (>500 IV/V stars) in order to provide a very important constraint for Gaia calibration of GSP_phot through the use of log g. We note that while we concentrate on IV/V stars, both the CoRoT and Kepler fields contain asteroseismic data on thousands of giant stars which will also provide useful calibration measures.
description: 5 pages, single column
Silacrown Ethers, Method of Making Same, and use as Phase-Transfer Catalysts
Creators: name: Arkles, Barry
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Crown Ether
Phase Transfer Catalyst
Ionophore
Organosilicon

description: Organosilicon compounds referred to as silacrown ethers or "silacrowns" are of the general formula: ##STR1## where R1 and R2 are organic radicals or hydrogen and n is an integer between 4 and 10 inclusive. Silacrown ethers are prepared by reacting polyethylene glycol with substituted silanes under conditions promoting cyclization over polymerization. Silacrown ethers may be employed as phase-transfer catalysts in solution or immobilized on siliceous supports.
description: {"references": ["US Pat. 4,362,884"]}
Strain-induced structure transformations on Si(111) and Ge(111) surfaces: a combined density-functional and scannning tunnneling microscopy report
Creators: name: Zhachuk, R.
name: Teys, S.
name: Coutinho, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Si(111) and Ge(111) surface formation energies were calculated using density functional theory for various biaxial strain states ranging from -0.04 to 0.04, and for a wide set of experimentally observed surface reconstructions: 3x3, 5x5, 7x7 dimer-adatom-stacking fault reconstructions and c(2x8), 2x2 and \sqrt{3}x\sqrt{3} adatoms based surfaces. The calculations are compared with scanning tunneling microscopy data obtained on stepped Si(111) surfaces and on Ge islands grown on a Si(111) substrate. It is shown that the surface structure transformations observed in these strained systems are accounted for by a phase diagram that relates the equilibrium surface structure to the applied strain. The calculated formation energy of the unstrained Si(111)-9x9 dimer-adatom-stacking fault surface is reported for the first time and it is higher than corresponding energies of Si(111)-5x5 and Si(111)-7x7 dimer-adatom-stacking fault surfaces as expected. We predict that the Si(111) surface should adopt a c(2x8) reconstruction when tensile strain is above 0.03.
Power-law density of states in organic solar cells revealed by the open-circuit voltage dependence of the ideality factor
Creators: name: Saladina, Maria
name: Wöpke, Christopher
name: Göhler, Clemens
name: Ramirez, Ivan
name: Gerdes, Olga
name: Liu, Chao
name: Li, Ning
name: Heumüller, Thomas
name: Brabec, Christoph J.
name: Walzer, Karsten
name: Pfeiffer, Martin
name: Deibel, Carsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The density of states (DOS) is fundamentally important for understanding physical processes in organic disordered semiconductors, yet hard to determine experimentally. We evaluated the DOS by considering recombination via tail states and using the temperature and open-circuit voltage ($V_\mathrm{oc}$) dependence of the ideality factor in organic solar cells. By performing Suns-$V_\mathrm{oc}$ measurements, we find that gaussian and exponential distributions describe the DOS only at a given quasi-Fermi level splitting. The DOS width increases linearly with the DOS depth, revealing the power-law DOS in these materials.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
SoK: Modeling Explainability in Security Analytics for Interpretability, Trustworthiness, and Usability
Creators: name: Bhusal, Dipkamal
name: Shin, Rosalyn
name: Shewale, Ajay Ashok
name: Veerabhadran, Monish Kumar Manikya
name: Clifford, Michael
name: Rampazzi, Sara
name: Rastogi, Nidhi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Interpretability, trustworthiness, and usability are key considerations in high-stake security applications, especially when utilizing deep learning models. While these models are known for their high accuracy, they behave as black boxes in which identifying important features and factors that led to a classification or a prediction is difficult. This can lead to uncertainty and distrust, especially when an incorrect prediction results in severe consequences. Thus, explanation methods aim to provide insights into the inner working of deep learning models. However, most explanation methods provide inconsistent explanations, have low fidelity, and are susceptible to adversarial manipulation, which can reduce model trustworthiness. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of explainable methods and demonstrates their efficacy in three distinct security applications: anomaly detection using system logs, malware prediction, and detection of adversarial images. Our quantitative and qualitative analysis reveals serious limitations and concerns in state-of-the-art explanation methods in all three applications. We show that explanation methods for security applications necessitate distinct characteristics, such as stability, fidelity, robustness, and usability, among others, which we outline as the prerequisites for trustworthy explanation methods.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
Rigorous derivation of the rate equations for the epitaxial growth
Creators: name: Tokar, V. I.
name: Dreyssé, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the framework of the second-quantization representation of the master equation governing the irreversible epitaxial growth, exact equations describing the evolution of the island densities has been obtained. Their decoupling within a mean field-type approximation with the unknown correlation functions replaced by capture numbers (CNs) has been used to derive a closed set of rate equations. The latter has been compared with the exact equations to obtain rigorous definitions of the CNs. The CN that describes the nucleation of dimer islands from two mobile monomers has been measured in the exact kinetic Monte Carlo simulations with the use of the rigorous definition. Strong disagreement with the literature values calculated within alternative techniques has been found, especially at low surface coverage. Plausible causes for the discrepancies are suggested. Another important result of the rigorous approach is the rate equation with the term describing the monomer diffusion. The equation significantly differs from the widely used equations of this kind known from literature. Arguments in favour of our approach are given.
description: 19 pages, 3 figures
The Lyman break analogue Haro 11: spatially resolved chemodynamics with VLT FLAMES
Creators: name: James, B. L.
name: Tsamis, Y. G.
name: Walsh, J. R.
name: Barlow, M. J.
name: Westmoquette, M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using VLT/FLAMES optical integral field unit observations, we present the first spatially resolved spectroscopic study of the well known blue compact galaxy Haro11, thought to be a local analogue to high redshift Lyman Break Galaxies. Haro11 displays complex emission line profiles, consisting of narrow (FWHM<200 km/s) and broad (FWHM 200-300 km/s) components. We identify three distinct emission knots kinematically connected to one another. A chemodynamical analysis is presented, revealing that spatially resolved ionic and elemental abundances do not agree with those derived from integrated spectra across the galaxy. We conclude that this is almost certainly due to the surface-brightness-weighting of electron temperature in integrated spectra, leading to higher derived abundances. We find that the eastern knot has a low gas density, but a higher temperature (by ~4,000 K) and consequently an oxygen abundance ~0.4 dex lower than the neighbouring regions. A region of enhanced N/O is found specifically in Knot C, confirming previous studies that found anomalously high N/O ratios in this system. Maps of the Wolf-Rayet feature at 4686A reveal large WR populations (~900-1500 stars) in Knots A and B. The lack of WR stars in Knot C, combined with an age of ~7.4 Myr suggest that a recently completed WR phase may be responsible for the observed N/O excess. Conversely, the absence of N-enriched gas and strong WR emission in Knots A and B suggests we are observing these regions at an epoch where stellar ejecta has yet to cool and mix with the ISM.
description: 18 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Types of milk consumed and risk of essential hypertension: A two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis
Creators: name: Zhang, Kejin
name: Zhao, Ze
name: Zhu, Puyan
name: Shi, Zhangyan
name: An, Caiyan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Agricultural molecular engineering of nucleic acids and proteins

description: To determine whether the different types of milk consumption have a genetic causal effect on essential hypertension, A Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed using public summary-level statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Totally, there are seven supplementary files included in this online resource.
 In the supplementary methods file, it described the additional analysis methods and results related to "Potential bias from the weak genetic instrument", "Bias from sample overlap", and "Pleiotropic SNPs scanning and its effects estimation".
 Summplementary Figure S1 visualized the result of RadialMR analysis.
 Supplementary Table S1 listed the basic information of GWAS studies involved.
 Supplementary Table S2 offered the results of heterogeneity and pleiotropy analyses for each genetic instruments.
 Supplementary Table S3 recorded all SNPs which associated with the type of milk consumed.
 Supplementary Table S4 described the result of RadialMR analysis, considering the influence of outliers.
 Supplementary Table S5 listed the result of a new MR analysis, when revomed the potential pleiotropic SNPs.