cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Conceptualizing the Multidimensional Nature of Self-Efficacy: Assessment of Situational Context and Level of Behavioral Challenge to Maintain Safer Sex
Creators: name: Murphy, Debra A.
name: Stein, Judith A.
name: Schlenger, William
name: Maibach, Edward
name: NIMH Multisite HIV Prevention Trial Group
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2001
Subjects: Structural equation modeling
Self-efficacy
HIV (Viruses)--Prevention
Sex

description: A. Bandura (1991) argued that self-efficacy measurement should be specific both to the situation in which the behavior occurs and level of challenge in that situation. Measures consistent with the 2 dimensions were developed with graded challenge levels and differing gender-appropriate situations. Participants were 1,496 controls in the National Institute of Mental Health Multisite HIV Prevention Trial recruited from STD clinics and health service centers (925 women and 571 men). The authors tested 4 separate-sex confirmatory factor analysis models as follows: (a) Condom negotiation efficacy as a unitary construct across situations and gradation of difficulty; (b) situation as preeminent, which transfers across skills whatever the gradation of difficulty; (c) skill as predominant, irrespective of situation; and (d) a multidimensional design that simultaneously accounts for both situation and graded difficulty. Consistent with Bandura's theory, the multidimensional model provided the best fit for both samples.
Note: An exact scaling relation for truncatable free energies of polydisperse hard-sphere mixtures
Creators: name: Santos, Andrés
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A theoretical model for polydisperse systems of hard spheres is said to be truncatable when the excess free energy depends on the size distribution through a finite number $K$ of moments. This Note proves an exact scaling relation for truncatable free energies, which allows to reduce the effective degrees of freedom to $K-2$ independent combinations of the moments.
description: 3 pages; v2: more explicit derivation
|Vus| from taus (Experiment)
Creators: name: Lusiani, Alberto
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: We present updated preliminary determinations of Vus using the results of the HFLAV Tau Spring 2017 global fit of the tau branching fractions experimental measurements, updating the HFLAV global fit to include the ICHEP 2018 BaBar preliminary measurements of BR(tau -> K npi0 nu) with n=0,1,2,3 and BR(tau -> pi npi0 nu) with n=3,4.
Effect of Rosa roxburghii fruit on blood lipid levels: a systematic review based on human and animal studies
Creators: name: Li, Xinran
name: Wang, Xuying
name: Yan, Kai
name: Weng, Guiying
name: Zhu, Miao
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Although recent studies show the hypolipidemic effect of Rosa roxburghii, however reported findings are contradictory. Using meta-analysis, we aimed to explore the effect of R. roxburghii on blood lipid levels. An extensive literature search was performed to investigate the effect of R. roxburghii on various lipid indexes. The results showed that R. roxburghii fruit can significantly reduce total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. R. roxburghii fruit can therefore be used to regulate blood lipid concentrations and it can be considered a valuable adjuvant therapy for blood lipid control. However, this needs confirmation through additional research.
Concordant and Discordant Reports on Shared Sexual Behaviors and Condom Use Among African American Serodiscordant Couples in Four Cities
Creators: name: NIMH Multisite HIV/STD Prevention Trial For African American Couples Group
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: African Americans
Sex
Condom use
Epidemiology
HIV-positive persons

description: This paper examines the concordance of reported shared sexual behaviors, including condom use, among 535 heterosexual, African American, serodiscordant couples and identifies factors that might predict discordant reports. Percentages of agreement, Kappa and McNemar’s statistics and conditional probability indices are used to measure concordance. Logistic regression models identify predictors of couples’ discordant sexual reports. Analyses revealed Kappa statistics for reporting anal sex, fellatio and cunnilingus indicated moderate to substantial agreement. The effects of demographics and the couples’ relationship contexts on concordance of reported sexual behaviors were found to vary somewhat by gender and type of sexual behavior. Findings showed that concordance of reporting between the couples was consistent for the past 90 and 30 days. Findings from this paper provide new scientific insights into the knowledge base of self-reported couples’ data and suggest that these data can be used to evaluate their accuracy and serve as a proxy for validity.
Fermions as Global Correction: the QCD Case
Creators: name: Finkenrath, Jacob
name: Knechtli, Francesco
name: Leder, Björn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is widely believed that the fermion determinant cannot be treated in global acceptance-rejection steps of gauge link configurations that differ in a large fraction of the links. However, for exact factorizations of the determinant that separate the ultraviolet from the infrared modes of the Dirac operator it is known that the latter show less variation under changes of the gauge field compared to the former. Using a factorization based on recursive domain decomposition allows for a hierarchical algorithm that starts with pure gauge updates of the links within the domains and ends after a number of filters with a global acceptance-rejection step. Ratios of determinants have to be treated stochastically and we construct techniques to reduce the noise. We find that the global acceptance rate is high on moderate lattice sizes and demonstrate the effectiveness of the hierarchical filter.
description: 36 pages, 9 figures; improved version to be published in Comput.Phys.Commun., new results for the topological charge presented in Figure 7
On the local dark matter density
Creators: name: Bovy, Jo
name: Tremaine, Scott
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An analysis of the kinematics of 412 stars at 1-4 kpc from the Galactic mid-plane by Moni Bidin et al. (2012) has claimed to derive a local density of dark matter that is an order of magnitude below standard expectations. We show that this result is incorrect and that it arises from the assumption that the mean azimuthal velocity of the stellar tracers is independent of Galactocentric radius at all heights. We substitute the assumption, supported by data, that the circular speed is independent of radius in the mid-plane. We demonstrate that the assumption of constant mean azimuthal velocity is implausible by showing that it requires the circular velocity to drop more steeply than allowed by any plausible mass model, with or without dark matter, at large heights above the mid-plane. Using the approximation that the circular velocity curve is flat in the mid-plane, we find that the data imply a local dark-matter density of 0.008 +/- 0.003 Msun/pc^3 = 0.3 +/- 0.1 GeV/cm3, fully consistent with standard estimates of this quantity. This is the most robust direct measurement of the local dark-matter density to date.
description: ApJ, in press
Heat radiation from long cylindrical objects
Creators: name: Golyk, Vladyslav A.
name: Krüger, Matthias
name: Kardar, Mehran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The heat radiated by objects small or comparable to the thermal wavelength can be very different from the classical blackbody radiation as described by the laws of Planck and Stefan-Boltzmann. We use methods based on scattering of electromagnetic waves to explore the dependence on size, shape, as well as material properties. In particular, we explore the radiation from a long cylinder at uniform temperature, discussing in detail the degree of polarization of the emitted radiation. If the radius of the cylinder is much smaller than the thermal wavelength, the radiation is polarized parallel to the cylindrical axis and becomes perpendicular when the radius is comparable to the thermal wavelength. For a cylinder of uniaxial material (a simple model for carbon nanontubes), we find that the influence of uniaxiality on the polarization is most pronounced if the radius is larger than a few microns, and quite small for submicron sizes typical for nanotubes.
description: 16 pages, 13 figures
Social-Cognitive Theory Mediators of Behavior Change in the National Institute of Mental Health Multisite HIV Prevention Trial
Creators: name: NIMH Multisite HIV Prevention Trial Group
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2001
Subjects: HIV infections—Prevention
Mental health
Social cognitive theory
Mediation (Statistics)
Sex

description: The National Institute of Mental Health Multisite HTV Prevention Trial was a trial of an intervention to reduce sexual HTV risk behaviors among 3,706 low-income at-risk men and women at 7 U.S. research sites. The intervention, based on social-cognitive theory and designed to influence behavior change by improving expected outcomes of condom use and increasing knowledge, skills, and self-efficacy to execute safer sex behaviors, was effective relative to a control condition in reducing sexual risk behavior. At 3 months after completion of the intervention, measures of these potential mediators were higher in the intervention than in the control condition. Although the effect of the intervention on sexual risk behavior was significantly reduced when the variables were controlled statistically, supporting the hypothesis of their mediation of the intervention effect, most of the effect remained unexplained, indicating the influence of unmeasured factors on outcome.
Additional file 2 of Effects of qigong exercise on the physical and mental health of college students: a systematic review and Meta-analysis
Creators: name: Lin, Jianping
name: Gao, Yi fang
name: Guo, Yue
name: Li, Ming
name: Zhu, Yuxiang
name: You, Ruoshi
name: Chen, Shaoqing
name: Wang, Shizhong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Supplementary Material 2: Figure S2. Sensitivity analysis of the effect of Qigong interventions on anxiety
The Excavation of Two Late Medieval Kilns with Associated Buildings at Glapthorn, Near Oundle, Northamptonshire
Creators: name: Johnston, Gillian
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2023

description: Medieval Ceramics: Journal of the Medieval Ceramics Research Group, 21, 13-42
description: Two late medieval potting and tiling establishments with kilns and associated buildings discovered in Glapthorn, Northamptonshire, have provided the first evidence of dual function kilns used to burn lime between pottery firings.
Predicted field-dependent increase of critical currents in asymmetric superconducting nanocircuits
Creators: name: Clem, John R.
name: Mawatari, Yasunori
name: Berdiyorov, G. R.
name: Peeters, F. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The critical current of a thin superconducting strip of width $W$ much larger than the Ginzburg-Landau coherence length $ξ$ but much smaller than the Pearl length $Λ= 2 λ^2/d$ is maximized when the strip is straight with defect-free edges. When a perpendicular magnetic field is applied to a long straight strip, the critical current initially decreases linearly with $H$ but then decreases more slowly with $H$ when vortices or antivortices are forced into the strip. However, in a superconducting strip containing sharp 90-degree or 180-degree turns, the zero-field critical current at H=0 is reduced because vortices or antivortices are preferentially nucleated at the inner corners of the turns, where current crowding occurs. Using both analytic London-model calculations and time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau simulations, we predict that in such asymmetric strips the resulting critical current can be {\it increased} by applying a perpendicular magnetic field that induces a current-density contribution opposing the applied current density at the inner corners. This effect should apply to all turns that bend in the same direction.
description: Introduction rewritten to include additional references, 17 pages, 14 figures
Milky Way simulations: the Galaxy, its stellar halo and its satellites - insights from a hybrid cosmological approach
Creators: name: De Lucia, Gabriella
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Our 'home galaxy' - the Milky Way - is a fairly large spiral galaxy, prototype of the most common morphological class in the local Universe. Although being only a galaxy, it is the only one that can be studied in unique detail: for the MilkyWay and for a number of members of the Local Group, a wealth of observational data is available about the ages and chemical abundances of their stars. Much more information is expected to come in the next few years, from ongoing and planned spectroscopic and astrometric surveys, providing a unique benchmark for modern theories of galaxy formation. In this review, I will summarize recent results on the formation of our Milky Way, its stellar halo, and its satellite galaxies. I will focus, in particular, on results obtained in the framework of hybrid models of galaxy formation, and refer to other reviews in this issue for studies based on hydrodynamical simulations.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures, invited plenary review at the Astronomische Gesellschaft meeting (Heidelberg 2011), to appear in Reviews in Modern Astronomy Vol.24 - typos corrected
Minkowski's inequality and sums of squares
Creators: name: Frenkel, Péter E.
name: Horváth, Péter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 26D05

description: Positive polynomials arising from Muirhead's inequality, from classical power mean and elementary symmetric mean inequalities and from Minkowski's inequality can be rewritten as sums of squares.
description: 8 pages
Demobilizing immunology : autopoiesis and autonomy in Francisco Varela's theory of immunity
Creators: name: Joel, Katie D.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: This thesis examines the transformative impact of the immune network theory on theoretical immunology, especially how immunity has been understood and described metaphorically in the scholarship. The immune system had been conventionally couched in warfare rhetoric. At the end of the nineteenth century, Russian scientist and pathologist Elie Metchnikoff depicted pathogens as savages in the theory of phagocytosis, which, he postulated, the body must destroy with equal ferocity. Virologist Frank Burnet further affirmed this concept in 1957. In the Clonal Selection Theory, he articulated the model of self and non-self discrimination, thus giving rise to the idea of the immune system as a defense and attack system. In 1979, Francisco Varela and Nelson Vaz proposed that the immune system should be considered instead as a network in “Self and Non-Sense.” At the heart of their theory was the notion of self-determination that emphasized the goal of the immune system was to maintain the autonomy and individuality of the organism. This non-martial interpretation was rooted in the theory of autopoiesis, whose conceptualization was greatly influenced by Varela’s experiences of the political and social chaos in Chile during the Allende regime and the Pinochet dictatorship. I will explore the extent to which Varela’s immune theory was a political critique of the condition of his homeland, and beyond that, the ideological hostility that divided the world between capitalism and communist in the post-1954 era. Further, the importance of the whole of the organism was also reiterated in his theory, and the experimental techniques Varela designed to examine this quality have been applied to research fields such as computer sciences and artificial intelligences. Therefore, the immune network theory is not only creating a paradigm shift in immunology, but also bringing about revolutionary changes in other disciplines.
A Test of Factors Mediating the Relationship Between Unwanted Sexual Activity During Childhood and Risky Sexual Practices Among Women Enrolled in the NIMH Multisite HIV Prevention Trial
Creators: name: NIMH Multisite HIV Prevention Trial Group
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2001
Subjects: HIV infections—Prevention
Women--Sexual behavior
Adult child sexual abuse victims
Women--Health and hygiene

description: This study examined both the direct and indirect associations between unwanted sexual activity during childhood and HIV-related sexual practices of adult women. The sample consisted of 3,346 women recruited from sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics and health service organizations. The findings demonstrated that participants who reported unwanted sexual activity as a child (USC) were more likely than women who did not report such experience to indicate that they had problems with alcohol, used drugs, received money or drugs in exchange for sex, had unwanted sex, and used mental health services. The women reporting USC also noted a greater number of unprotected sex acts, a greater number of partners, and a greater proportion of sex acts accompanied by drugs or alcohol in the past 90 days. Mediated analyses showed that drug use, exchange of sex for money/drugs, unwanted sex, and to a lesser extent, problems with alcohol mediated the relationship between USC and unprotected sex acts, number of partners, and sex under the influence of drugs and alcohol. These findings suggest that participation in non-sexual risky behaviors among women who report USC may be a bridge to participation in sexual behaviors that increase their risk of HIV infection.
Anomalies in the Entanglement Properties of the Square Lattice Heisenberg Model
Creators: name: Kallin, Ann B.
name: Hastings, Matthew B.
name: Melko, Roger G.
name: Singh, Rajiv R. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the bipartite entanglement properties of the spin-half square-lattice Heisenberg model by a variety of numerical techniques that include valence bond quantum Monte Carlo (QMC), stochastic series expansion QMC, high temperature series expansions and zero temperature coupling constant expansions around the Ising limit. We find that the area law is always satisfied, but in addition to the entanglement entropy per unit boundary length, there are other terms that depend logarithmically on the subregion size, arising from broken symmetry in the bulk and from the existence of corners at the boundary. We find that the numerical results are anomalous in several ways. First, the bulk term arising from broken symmetry deviates from an exact calculation that can be done for a mean-field Neel state. Second, the corner logs do not agree with the known results for non-interacting Boson modes. And, third, even the finite temperature mutual information shows an anomalous behavior as T goes to zero, suggesting that T->0 and L->infinity limits do not commute. These calculations show that entanglement entropy demonstrates a very rich behavior in d>1, which deserves further attention.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables. Numerical values in Table I corrected
Risky Sexual Behavior and Correlates of STD Prevalence Among African American HIV Serodiscordant Couples
Creators: name: NIMH Multisite HIV/STD Prevention Trial For African American Couples Group
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: HIV-positive persons
African Americans--Health and hygiene
Sexually transmitted diseases
Sex

description: This paper reports baseline behavioral and biological data collected from a cohort of 535 African American HIV serodiscordant couples enrolled in the Eban study across four urban metro areas. Data were collected on (1) the prevalence of risky sexual behaviors that occur within a couple and with concurrent sexual partners, (2) the STD prevalence for each member of the couple and (3) the correlates of STDs in the male partner as well as in the female partner. Presentation of the sociodemographic characterization and HIV risk behavior profiles of African American HIV serodiscordant couples represents an important initial description of a hidden, vulnerable population. Future research should be conducted with diverse samples of African American couples (i.e., younger couples, non-stable couples) to explore other potential correlates of STD prevalence.
Gutzwiller Method for an Extended Periodic Anderson Model with the c-f Coulomb Interaction
Creators: name: Kubo, Katsunori
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study an extended periodic Anderson model with the Coulomb interaction Ucf between conduction and f electrons by the Gutzwiller method. The crossovers between the Kondo, intermediate-valence, and almost empty f-electron regimes become sharper with Ucf, and for a sufficiently large Ucf, become first-order phase transitions. In the Kondo regime, a large enhancement in the effective mass occurs as in the ordinary periodic Anderson model without Ucf. In addition, we find that a large mass enhancement also occurs in the intermediate-valence regime by the effect of Ucf.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
Developing Arabidopsis thaliana seed coat specific promoter as a tool for basic and applied research
Creators: name: Esfandiari, Elahe
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: During differentiation of Arabidopsis thaliana seed coat epidermal cells, dramatic changes occur highlighted by the synthesis and secretion of large amounts of pectinaceous mucilage. This cell type, therefore, provides an excellent molecular-genetic model to study the biosynthesis, secretion and modification of plant cell wall polysaccharides. Here, I describe the development of an experimental tool to aid in studying cell wall components found in mucilage. I sought to identify a promoter that drives gene expression specifically in the mucilage secretory cells to investigate the effect of manipulating different cell wall polymers in the mucilage without detrimental effects to the rest of the plant. The search for such a promoter was initiated by analyzing seed coat microarray data, followed by investigating expression pattern of the candidate genes by Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). By fusing the regulatory region of these candidate genes to beta-glucuronidase gene (GUS), one promoter was identified, that of the DIRIGENT PROTEIN1 (DP1) gene, that was able to drive expression specifically in the epidermis and palisade layer of Arabidopsis and Brassica napus seed coats. These results were confirmed using Citrine Yellow Fluorescent Protein (YFP). To verify the potential ability of the DP1 promoter (DP1Pro) to express enzyme-encoding genes and determine putative role(s) of homogalacturonan in mucilage, the ARABIDOPSIS DEHISCENCE ZONE POLYGALACTURONASE2 (ADPG2) encoding a polygalacturonase was expressed under the control of DP1Pro and targeted to the apoplast. Although RT-PCR results showed that the DP1Pro drives expression of this gene in the seed coat, no significant difference was found between transgenic and wild type mucilage or the seed coat epidermal cell morphology. MUCILAGE-MODIFIED4 (MUM4) gene was found to encode a putative UDP-L-rhamnose synthase, required for synthesis of mucilage. While the transcript of MUM4 is found throughout the plant, it is specifically up-regulated during mucilage biosynthesis. To identify the sequences responsible for this up-regulation, a deletion analysis of the MUM4 transcription regulatory region was undertaken. Dissection of the MUM4 promoter region led to identification of two functional domains: one conferring higher level of gene expression in root, cotyledon and silique walls, and one that promotes expression specifically in the seed coat.
title: Throne of Gold and Dress of Stars. On the Meaning of Polychromy in High Medieval Marian Sculpture
Creators: name: Sobieczky, Elisabeth
Publisher: name: Academy of Fine Arts Vienna
Year: 2022

description: This is an Author Accepted Manuscript (AAM) of a book chapter published by Routledge/CRC Press (available online: https://www.routledge.com/Marian-Devotion-in-the-Late-Middle-Ages-Image-and-Performance/Znorovszky-Jaritz/p/book/9781032015545): Sobieczky, Elisabeth (2022). Throne of Gold and Dress of Stars: On the Meaning of Polychromy in High Medieval Marian Sculpture. Andrea-Bianka Znorovszky and Gerhard Jaritz (eds.). Marian Devotion in the Late Middle Ages: Image and Performance. London: Routledge, 6-30. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003179054-2

This paper focuses on the role of and the relations among techniques, materials, and colours with respect to the iconography of selected polychrome high medieval Marian wood sculpture from Italy. It takes its departure from an observation, which has been presented in the context of conservation and art technological research. In polychrome medieval sculpture throughout Europe, two trends have been characterised: the golden style and the lively painted style. But no clear explanation has been given so far for the preference of such a style in each piece.
This paper discusses as a case study the Presbyter Martinus Madonna (1199) from the former Camaldolese monastery of Borgo Sansepolcro, preserved in the SMPK, Berlin. This Madonna is famous for her well-preserved polychromy from the time of origin and the inscription, which identifies her as Sedes Sapientiae. In contrast to earlier interpretations of this sculpture, which focused on the differences and contradictions between its form and polychromy, here it’s shown that technical execution, polychromy, and iconography are deeply interwoven aspects. This argument is underlined by a discussion of the sculpture’s role model, the Sedes Sapientiae (about 1180) from Santa Maria in Camuccia of Todi, preserved in the Museo diocesano di Orvieto-Todi. The Todi Sedes Sapientiae displays colourful polychromy, while the Presbyter Martinus Madonna is dominated by a golden appearance. The paper argues, that the choice of a mostly golden rendering of the latter is related to the spiritual environment of the Camaldolese-Benedictine order. Under consideration in several writings of the influential Benedictine Petrus Damianus, it can be shown that the Presbyter Martinus Madonna is indeed a close visual translation of Damianus’ words into colour, form, and material. The meaningful selection of precious and costly materials, which of course is a sign of the monastery’s wealth, elucidates that culminated meanings are extended to polychromy.
The Contribution of Male and Female Partners’ Substance Use to Sexual Risks and STDs Among African American HIV Serodiscordant Couples
Creators: name: NIMH Multisite HIV/STD Prevention Trial For African American Couples Group
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Sexual health
HIV-positive persons
Sexually transmitted diseases
African Americans--Health and hygiene
Substance abuse

description: Growing evidence suggests that drug and alcohol use are fueling the heterosexual transmission of HIV among African Americans. This study aims to examine the relative contribution of drug and alcohol use of male and female partners to risks of heterosexual transmission of HIV among 535 African American HIV serodiscordant couples (N = 1,070 participants) who participated in an HIV prevention trial. Associations found between use of drugs and alcohol by one or both partners and sexual risk indicators varied by type of substance and whether male or female partner or both partners reported use. The findings suggest multiple ways in which substance use of male and female partners may be contributing to the heterosexual transmission of HIV and other STDs among African Americans and underscore the need for HIV prevention strategies to address dyadic patterns of substance use that lead to sexual risks.
title: Die Henne, Heft 1
title: Beiträge zur Geschichte der Ruhr-Universität Bochum
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Lorenz, Jörg
Publisher: name: Ruhr-Universität Bochum
Year: 2019

description: Inhaltsverzeichnis:

Seite 5: Vorbemerkung

Seite 7: Universitätsstandort im Parteienstreit – Aspekte der Gründungsgeschichte der Universität Bochum / von Jörg Lorenz

Seite 23: Am Anfang war die Henne – Anmerkungen zur Genese eines Universitätsgeländes / von Jörg Lorenz

Seite 36: Abbildungsnachweise
description: Die Henne : Beiträge zur Geschichte der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 1
Thermodynamic analysis and energy efficiency of thermal desalination processes
Creators: name: Brogioli, Doriano
name: Mantia, Fabio La
name: Yip, Ngai Yin
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Thermodynamics
subject: Saline water conversion
subject: Environmental engineering
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering
subject: Energy consumption

description: This thermodynamic study examines the principles governing energy efficiency and specific energy requirement intrinsic to thermal desalination processes. The practical performances of desalination technologies are investigated and related to the fundamental physical limitations of the processes. The energy efficiency of any thermal desalination process fulfils a limitation similar to the well-known Carnot law for heat engines. The efficiency of a single-effect distiller is limited by a function of the boiling point elevation of the solution. Further analysis shows that, although this can appear as paradoxical, a higher energy efficiency is obtained by a solution with higher boiling point elevation. For multiple-effect distillation, the limit also depends on the temperature drops across the heat exchangers. Comparison with empirical data indicates that these limits are actually approached in real plants. Our study discusses the thermodynamic framework for understanding the performances of thermally-driven desalination technologies, emphasizing the role of the boiling point elevation. The results can be also seen as rules-of-thumb for designing and evaluating the performances of a multiple-effect distillation unit, based only on the properties of the solution to be distilled, in particular, the boiling point elevation.
Translingual Folklore and Folklorics in China
Creators: name: Liu, Lydia H.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Translations
Folklorists
Folklore

description: Folklore can mean different things to different people and even become different things as it travels from place to place across the various technological media: writing, print, gramophone, radio, film, television, and so on. Focusing on the work of modern folklorists in China and their translation of a colonial discourse, this article – a chapter in "Companion to Folklore" (2012) – examines the global trajectory of folklore studies in colonial mimicry, nationalism, and the staging of the world revolution in the twentieth century.
Hereditary Myoclonus Dystonia: A Novel SGCE Variant and Phenotype Including Intellectual Disability
Creators: name: Coughlin, David G.
name: Bardakjian, Tanya M.
name: Spindler, Meredith A.
name: Deik, Andres
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Myoclonus
Dystonia
People with mental disabilities
Neurology

description: Background: Hereditary myoclonus dystonia is often due to changes in the SGCE gene. Dystonia (DYT)-SGCE has a variable phenotype that can involve focal or generalized myoclonus and various forms of task-specific, segmental, or generalized dystonia. Psychiatric comorbidities are common.

Case Report: We report a case of a young woman with generalized myoclonus, dystonia, and intellectual disability. She was found to have a novel SGCE splice site variant.

Discussion: This novel variant is very likely pathogenic by in silico analysis and has not been previously reported. Additionally, her intellectual disability may constitute a novel phenotype for patients with SGCE variants.
Basic Properties of MHD Turbulence in the Inertial Range
Creators: name: Beresnyak, Andrey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the issue of spectral slope of MHD turbulence in the inertial range and argue that numerics favor Goldreich-Sridhar -5/3 slope rather than -3/2 slope. We also did precision measurements of anisotropy of MHD turbulence and determined the anisotropy constant C_A=0.34 of Alfvenic turbulence. Together with previously measured Kolmogorov constant C_K=4.2, or 3.3 for purely Alfvenic case, it constitutes a full description of MHD cascade in terms of spectral quantities, which is of high practical value for astrophysics.
description: MNRAS, in press
Simplified Models of Flavourful Leptoquarks
Creators: name: Varzielas, Ivo De Medeiros
name: Talbert, Jim
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2019

description: We study the implications of single leptoquark extensions of the Standard Model (SM) under the assumption that their enhanced Yukawa sectors are invariant under global Abelian flavour symmetries already present in SM mass terms. Such symmetries, assumed to be the `residual' subgroups of an ultra-violet flavour theory, have previously been considered in order to predict fermionic mixing angles. Here we focus instead on their effect on the novel flavour structures sourced by the leptoquark representations that address the present ${R}_{K^{(\star)}}$ anomalies in semileptonic rare $B$-decays. Combined with existing flavour data, the residual symmetries prove to be extremely constraining; we find that the (quark-lepton) leptoquark Yukawa couplings fall within $\mathcal{O}(10)$ highly predictive patterns, each with only a single free parameter, when `normal' (SM-like) hierarchies are assumed. In addition, proton decay for the scalar SU(2) triplet representation is naturally avoided in the residual symmetry approach without relying on further model building. Our results indicate that a simultaneous explanation for the ${R}_{K^{(\star)}}$ anomalies and the flavour puzzle may be achieved in a simplified, model-independent formalism.
The Twelfth Gerald Dunning Lecture: Islamic Pottery in Christian Europe from the10th to the 15th Century
Creators: name: Whitehouse, David
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2023

description: Medieval Ceramics: Journal of the Medieval Ceramics Research Group, 21, 3-12
description: In the later Middle Ages, wealthy Europeans were familiar with luxury objects made in the Islamic world, and urban communities around the northern shores of the Mediterranean were familiar with Muslim traders and their merchandise. Some of the merchandise - ceramica magrebina, for example - stimulated a demand for new kinds of tableware, and this affected the character of European ceramic production. Tin-glazing, often accompanied by decoration in brown and green, became firmly established in Christian Spain, Italy and southern France in the 13th century; pottery and tiles with lustre decoration were sought after all over Europe in the 15th century; and, perhaps under influence from Muslim Spain, fine ceramics became a vehicle for the display of wealth and status.
Genetic Testing Preferences of Individuals in Families with Essential Tremor
Creators: name: Naranjo, Kelly V.
name: Park, Jemin
name: Chen, Karen P.
name: Hernandez, Nora
name: Clark, Lorraine N.
name: Ottman, Ruth
name: Louis, Elan D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Tremor
subject: Neurology
subject: Epidemiology

description: Background: The search for essential tremor (ET) genes is active, and it is only a matter of time before genetic tests become available. Genetic testing preferences in families have been studied in numerous other neurological disorders but there are no published data about ET.

Methods: We surveyed 34 ET probands and their relatives (43 affected, 28 unaffected) enrolled in our Family Study of Essential Tremor to assess their interest in genetic testing. We examined whether clinical factors influenced their interest in testing. Clinical utility (“Your physician will be able to use the information obtained to improve your care”) and penetrance (“How likely an individual who carries an ET gene is to develop ET”) were defined for participants.

Results: Interest in genetic testing was high in ET families (90/105 [85.7%]). There was a significant difference between affected (including probands and affected relatives) and unaffected relatives in terms of their interest in genetic testing, with the former being more interested (70/77 [90.9%] vs. 20/28 [71.4%] p = 0.04). Participants were more likely to want testing in the scenarios with high clinical utility; disease penetrance was not a determining factor (all p < 0.05). Sixteen hypothetical factors were identified that might influence a participant’s decision to undergo genetic testing for ET.

Discussion: Interest in genetic testing was high in ET families. While genetic testing is not currently available for ET, the hunt for ET genes is ongoing, and this is a highly familial disorder. Understanding genetic testing preferences will greatly aid clinicians once a genetic test becomes available.
The Eventfulness of Translation: Temporality, Difference, and Competing Universals
Creators: name: Liu, Lydia H.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Translations

description: The article seeks to develop a new angle for translation studies by rethinking its relationship to the political. It begins with the question “Can the eventfulness of translation itself be thought?” Since neither the familiar model of communication (translatable and untranslatable) nor the biblical model of the Tower of Babel (the promise or withdrawal of meaning) can help us work out a suitable answer to that question, the author proposes an alternative method that incorporates the notions of temporality, difference, and competing universals in the reframing of translation. This method requires close attention to the multiple temporalities of translation in concrete analyses of translingual practices, or what the author calls “differentially distributed discursive practices across languages.” The author’s textual analysis focuses on a few pivotal moments of translation in global history—chosen for their world transforming influences or actual and potential global impact—to demonstrate what is meant by the “eventfulness of translation.” These include, for example, the nineteenth-century Chinese translation of Henry Wheaton’s "Elements of International Law" or "Wanguo gongfa", the post-World War II multilingual fashioning of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights with a focus on P. C. Chang’s unique contribution, and the Afro-Asian writers’ translation project during the Cold War.
Convergence to extremal processes in random environments and extremal ageing in SK models
Creators: name: Bovier, Anton
name: Gayrard, Veronique
name: Svejda, Adela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper extends recent results on aging in mean field spin glasses on short time scales, obtained by Ben Arous and Gun [2] in law with respect to the environment, to results that hold almost surely, respectively in probability, with respect to the environment. It is based on the methods put forward in Gayrard [8,9] and naturally complements Bovier and Gayrard [6].
description: Revised version contains minor changes
Pots From Houses
Creators: name: H Brown, Duncan
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2023

description: Medieval Ceramics: Journal of the Medieval Ceramics Research Group, 21, 83-94
description: Assemblages from three different medieval houses are compared. One is a rural farmstead on the Marlborough Downs, one is a town house in Winchester, one is a substantial merchant's house in the port of Southampton. The composition of each assemblage is compared in terms of the range of ware types, and thus production areas, represented, and the variety of vessel forms present. The purpose is to examine the differing requirements of the occupants of each house and the character of the markets at which they acquired their pottery. The concluding section introduces evidence from a fourth site, a rural manorial complex, as the contrasts and similarities between rural and urban assemblages are discussed.
Additional file 1 of The relationship between menopausal syndrome and gut microbes
Creators: name: Liu, Yaqian
name: Zhou, Ying
name: Mao, Ting
name: Huang, Yanmei
name: Liang, Jingtao
name: Zhu, Min
name: Yao, Peixun
name: Zong, Yun
name: Lang, Jianying
name: Zhang, Yingxuan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 1. Subject survey. Including general information of participants and the domestic modified Kupperman Index score.
Van der Waals-Casimir-Polder interaction of an atom with a composite surface
Creators: name: Eizner, Elad
name: Horovitz, Baruch
name: Henkel, Carsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dispersion interaction of the van der Waals and Casimir-Polder (vdW-CP) type between a neutral atom and the surface of a metal by allowing for nonlocal electrodynamics, i.e. electron diffusion. We consider two models: (i) bulk diffusion, and (ii) diffusion in a surface charge layer. In both cases the transition to a semiconductor is continuous as a function of the conductivity, unlike the case of a local model. The relevant parameter is the electric screening length and depends on the carrier diffusion constant. We find that for distances comparable to the screening length, vdW-CP data can distinguish between bulk and surface diffusion, hence it can be a sensitive probe for surface states.
description: v2: expanded references, statements on current status in the field. 10 pages, 6 figures
Almost All Quantum States Have Low Entropy Rates for Any Coupling to the Environment
Creators: name: Hutter, Adrian
name: Wehner, Stephanie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The joint state of a system that is in contact with an environment is called lazy, if the entropy rate of the system under any coupling to the environment is zero. Necessary and sufficient conditions have recently been established for a state to be lazy [ Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 050403 (2011)], and it was shown that almost all states of the system and the environment do not have this property [ Phys. Rev. A 81 052318 (2010)]. At first glance, this may lead us to believe that low entropy rates themselves form an exception, in the sense that most states are far from being lazy and have high entropy rates. Here, we show that in fact the opposite is true if the environment is sufficiently large. Almost all states of the system and the environment are pretty lazy-their entropy rates are low for any coupling to the environment.
description: 4+3 pages, revtex, v3: version published in PRL
title: Individual filament structural analysis of peptide amyloid assemblies containing D-amino acids
Creators: name: Kuliga, Kinga Anna
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2025

description: Amyloids represent a class of insoluble, fibrillar, protein structures with a tendency to aggregate and a heavy association with neurodegenerative diseases. The segment sequence VQIVYK, also referred to as PHF6, from the tau protein associated with Alzheimer’s disease and tauopathies is crucial in the aggregation process associated with these disorders. The hexapeptide is capable of forming amyloid fibrils in vitro comprised of the characteristic paired β-sheets whose variation in arrangement results in polymorphs. Polymorphism is a key challenge in amyloid research and therapeutic development, as structural heterogeneity can arise even when identical conditions and building blocks are used. Chirality plays a pivotal role in peptide formation and self-assembly, significantly influencing the resulting structures. This study investigates how a single amino acid substitution (valine to tryptophan) and chirality (L- vs. D-) in VQIVYK analogues affect fibril assembly, kinetics, and polymorphism. Tryptophan’s bulk and aromaticity introduce new interactions, impacting stability and revealing the roles of aromaticity and steric effects in aggregation. In vitro fibril formation occurred in Phosphate buffer, static incubation at 25°C, initial assembly was monitored after two weeks. Using atomic force microscopy (AFM), we imaged and generated the 3D structural reconstructions of individual filaments formed by these peptides. The results show that residue chirality can have profound effects on the long-range structural features of peptide/protein assemblies, exhibiting chiral control during amyloid formation and influencing the morphology of resulting aggregates. Quantitative analysis of the extracted AFM data showed these isomeric structures result in a mirrored inherent polymorphic distribution, suggesting chirality presides the self-assembly pathway. The insights gained from studying self-assembly and the impact of D-peptides on fibril formation, hold promise for advancing both therapeutics and biotechnology. Understanding D-amino acids’ influence fibril formation could provide novel strategies for controlling or disrupting pathological aggregation in neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, manipulating fibril formation via D-amino acids enables the design of chiral biomaterials and nanostructures with tuneable self-assembly.