Comparison of plasma responses human subjects after the ingestion of 3R,3R′-zeaxanthin dipalmitate from wolfberry (Lycium barbarum) and non-esterified 3R,3R′-zeaxanthin using chiral high-performance liquid chromatography
Creators: name: Breithaupt, Dietmar E.
name: Weller, Philipp
name: Wolters, Maike
name: Hahn, Andreas
Publisher: name: Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: 3R,3′R-zeaxanthin
subject: Chiral analysis
subject: Liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation-mass spectrometry
subject: Plasma carotenoid response
subject: Zeaxanthin esters
subject: antilipemic agent
subject: contraceptive agent
subject: ester
subject: laxative
subject: Lycium barbarum extract
subject: plant extract
subject: unclassified drug
subject: yoghurt
subject: zeaxanthin
subject: zeaxanthin dipalmitate
subject: area under the curve
subject: article
subject: blood sampling
subject: chirality
subject: clinical trial
subject: controlled clinical trial
subject: controlled study
subject: crossover procedure
subject: diet restriction
subject: drug absorption
subject: drug bioavailability
subject: drug blood level
subject: esterification
subject: female
subject: food intake
subject: high performance liquid chromatography
subject: human
subject: human experiment
subject: ingestion
subject: liquid chromatography
subject: Lycium
subject: Lycium barbarum
subject: male
subject: mass spectrometry
subject: meal
subject: randomized controlled trial
subject: single blind procedure
subject: statistical significance
subject: Student t test
subject: suspension
subject: volunteer
subject: Adult
subject: beta Carotene
subject: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
subject: Cross-Over Studies
subject: Dietary Supplements
subject: Female
subject: Humans
subject: Male
subject: Mass Spectrometry
subject: Palmitates
subject: Plant Extracts
subject: Single-Blind Method
subject: Stereoisomerism
subject: Xanthophylls
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::610 | Medizin, Gesundheit

description: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the most common eye diseases of elderly individuals. It has been suggested that lutein and zeaxanthin may reduce the risk for AMD. Information concerning the absorption of non-esterified or esterified zeaxanthin is rather scarce. Furthermore, the formation pathway of meso (3R,3′S)-zeaxanthin, which does not occur in plants but is found in the macula, has not yet been identified. Thus, the present study was designed to assess the concentration of 3R,3R′-zeaxanthin reached in plasma after the consumption of a single dose of native 3R,3′R-zeaxanthin palmitate from wolfberry (Lycium barbarum) or non-esterified 3R,3′ R-zeaxanthin in equal amounts. In a randomised, single-blind cross-over study, twelve volunteers were administered non-esterified or esterified 3R,3′R-zeaxanthin (5 mg) suspended in yoghurt together with a balanced breakfast. Between the two intervention days, a 3-week depletion period was inserted. After fasting oven-tight, blood was collected before the dose (0 h), and at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 h after the dose. The concentration of non-esterified 3R,3′R-zeaxanthin was determined by chiral HPLC. For the first time, chiral liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation-MS was used to confirm the appearance of 3R,3′R-zeaxanthin in pooled plasma samples. Independent of the consumed diet, plasma 3R,3′ R-zeaxanthin concentrations increased significantly (P=0.05) and peaked after 9-24 h. Although the concentration curves were not distinguishable, the respective areas under the curve were distinguishable according to a two-sided F and t test (P=0.05). Thus, the study indicates an enhanced bioavailability of 3R,3′ R-zeaxanthin dipalmitate compared with the non-esterified form. The formation of meso-zeaxanthin was not observed during the time period studied. © The Authors 2004.