cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Can HIV service data be used for surveillance purposes?: a case study in Guangzhou, China
Creators: name: Zhong, Fei
name: Tang, Weiming
name: Pan, Stephen
name: Tucker, Joseph D
name: Weir, Sharon
name: Zhao, Jinkou
name: Cheng, Weibin
name: Xu, Huifang
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2018

description: Abstract
                Background
                Timely monitoring HIV epidemic among key populations is a formidable challenge. This study aimed to evaluate the agreement between data collected from an enhanced HIV sentinel surveillance (HSS+) and an HIV service, and to discuss whether testing service data can be used for surveillance purposes.
                Methods
                The HSS+ data were collected from HIV sentinel surveillance conducted annually among men who have sex with men (MSM) between 2009 and 2013 in Guangzhou, China. The HIV service data were obtained from the China-Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Cooperation Program on HIV Prevention and Care (China-Gates HIV Program) in Guangzhou during the same period. The China-Gates HIV Program aimed to increase HIV counseling and testing among MSM. We compared demographic characteristics, condom use, HIV testing history, and the HIV status among individuals in these two datasets. The Armitage-trend test was used to evaluate the HIV epidemic and behaviors of the participants in the two datasets over the study period.
                Results
                Overall, a total of 2224 and 5311 MSM were included in the surveillance and service datasets, respectively. The majority of participants in the two datasets were between 20 and 29 years old, at least attended college, and had never been married. However, socio-demographic characteristics varied slightly between the two datasets. Similar trends were observed for the HIV epidemic in these two datasets. The surveillance dataset indicated that HIV prevalence increased from 3.9% in 2009 to 11.4% in 2013 (P-value for trend < 0.001), while data from the HIV service dataset indicated that MSM HIV prevalence during this same period increased from 6.2 to 8.9% (P-value for trend = 0.025). The rates of condom use were similar between the two datasets and remained consistent throughout the study period.
                Conclusion
                HIV service data can complement existing HIV surveillance systems for MSM in China, though it may underestimate the HIV prevalence (HSS+ data contains people whose status is already know, while service data contains people who were initially negative or people of unknown status). HIV service data can be used for surveillance purposes, when prerequisite variables are collected from a large number people, if the quality assessment is conducted.
Spatial correlation of two-dimensional Bosonic multi-mode condensates
Creators: name: Nitsche, Wolfgang H.
name: Kim, Na Young
name: Roumpos, Georgios
name: Schneider, Christian
name: Hoefling, Sven
name: Forchel, Alfred
name: Yamamoto, Yoshihisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We studied the spatial coherence of a Bosonic two-dimensional multi-mode condensate both through measurements and simulations. It is shown that condensates with a constant spatial density must be described as the superposition of several quantized modes which reduces the overall coherence. In this case, the spatial coherence can appear to decay faster than allowed by the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) theory. However, we find through spectroscopic measurements that the individual modes show a slower decay of the spatial coherence than the overall system.
title: Geo-bio-interaction in oceanic hydrothermal systems
Creators: name:   Schwarzenbach ,  Esther Martina
name: Bach , Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2021

description: Hydrothermal vents in deep and shallow ocean environments are geochemical conduits that link Earth’s interior with the oceans. These sites of active hydrothermal vents are distributed throughout the global network of ocean ridge spreading centers to ridge flanks and cool off-axis diffuse vent fields in ocean basins and occur in diverse lithological settings – including basalts, ultramafic rocks and sediments – and temperature regimes. These vents are loaded with nutrients from hydrothermal and magmatic activity that drive a vast sub-seafloor biosphere. Particularly near ocean ridge spreading centers magmatism and/or residual mantle heat serve as drivers for abiogenic mineral reactions generating reduced chemical species, which can be utilized by chemolithoautotrophic microbes. Additionally, microbial chemosynthesis within fluids drives near-vent productivity and support animal communities that inhabit these ecosystems. Water-rock-microbe interaction within the oceanic lithosphere considerably affects ocean water chemistry and the chemical composition of the oceanic lithosphere, effectively controlling global element cycles. This session seeks to combine new findings from a multi-disciplinary research community investigating the complex interplays between hydrothermal, magmatic and microbial processes in ocean floor settings, the diversity and extent of the shallow and deep subsurface biosphere, life in extreme environments, or their impact on global geochemical cycles. We also welcome contributions that study ongoing alteration processes and microbial activity in continental crust or oceanic lithosphere exposed on land, or ancient processes preserved in ophiolite sequences, from modern to Archaean systems.
The Heun functions and their applications in astrophysics
Creators: name: Staicova, Denitsa
name: Fiziev, Plamen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Heun functions are often called the hypergemeotry successors of the 21st century, because of the wide number of their applications. In this proceeding we discuss their application to the problem of perturbations of rotating and non-rotating black holes and highlight some recent results on their late-time ring-down obtained using those functions.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures,typos fixed. Final version to appear in the Proceedings of the XI. International Workshop LIE THEORY AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN PHYSICS (2015)
RNA sequencing identifies common pathways between cigarette smoke exposure and replicative senescence in human airway epithelia
Creators: name: Jang, Jun-Ho
name: Mallampalli, Rama K
name: Li, Xiuying
name: Sundd, Prithu
name: Tesfaigzi, Yohannes
name: Zou, Chunbin
name: Randell, Scott
name: Ryba, Tyrone
name: Alder, Jonathan
name: Nyunoya, Toru
name: Voic, Hannah
name: Chandra, Divay
name: Rojas, Mauricio
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2019

description: Abstract
                Background
                Aging is affected by genetic and environmental factors, and cigarette smoking is strongly associated with accumulation of senescent cells. In this study, we wanted to identify genes that may potentially be beneficial for cell survival in response to cigarette smoke and thereby may contribute to development of cellular senescence.
                Results
                Primary human bronchial epithelial cells from five healthy donors were cultured, treated with or without 1.5% cigarette smoke extract (CSE) for 24 h or were passaged into replicative senescence. Transcriptome changes were monitored using RNA-seq in CSE and non-CSE exposed cells and those passaged into replicative senescence. We found that, among 1534 genes differentially regulated during senescence and 599 after CSE exposure, 243 were altered in both conditions, representing strong enrichment. Pathways and gene sets overrepresented in both conditions belonged to cellular processes that regulate reactive oxygen species, proteasome degradation, and NF-κB signaling.
                Conclusions
                Our results offer insights into gene expression responses during cellular aging and cigarette smoke exposure, and identify potential molecular pathways that are altered by cigarette smoke and may also promote airway epithelial cell senescence.
Semi-harmonicity, Integral Means and Euler Type Vector Fields
Creators: name: Tung, Chia-chi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 31C05, 32C30, 31B10

description: The Dirichlet product of functions on a semi-Riemann domain and generalized Euler vector fields, which include the radial, $\bar \partial$-Euler, and the $\bar \partial$-Neumann vector fields, are introduced. The integral means and the harmonic residues of functions on a Riemann domain are studied. The notion of semi-harmonicity of functions on a complex space is introduced. It is shown that, on a Riemann domain, the semi-harmonicity of a locally forwardly $L^2$-function is characterized by local mean-value properties as well as by weak-harmonicity. In particular, the Weyl's Lemma is extended to a Riemann domain.
description: This paper is a corrected version of "Semi-Harmonicity, Integral Means and Euler Type Vector Fields, Adv. Appl. Clifford Alg. 17 (2007), 555-573". This publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/ DOI 10.1007/s00006-007-0036-9
title: Contrast enhanced voiding urosonography (ce-VUS): can we see the urethra?
Creators: name: Wozniak, Magdalena
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Paediatric
subject: Urinary Tract / Bladder
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Cystography / Uretrography
subject: Congenital

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: The objective of this study was to present our experience of a combined approach of transperineal two-dimensional (2DUS), three-dimensional static (3DUS) and real-time (4DUS) ultrasound techniques for the assessment of the urethra as a part of...
title: Early feasibility studies of radiation dose reduction in cervical spine multidetector CT
Creators: name: Golding, Stephen
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Trauma
subject: Dosimetry
subject: CT
subject: Head and neck

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Cervical spine trauma often results from road traffic collisions, physical assault and leisure-related injuries [1]. Helical multidetector CT (MDCT) is the preferred primary imaging modality [2]. Modern MDCT scanners offer high accuracy in detecting...
Discovering sterile Neutrinos ligther than $M_W$ at the LHC
Creators: name: Dib, Claudio O.
name: Kim, Choong Sun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the purely leptonic $W$ decays $W^+ \to e^+ μ^- e^+ ν_e$ and $W^+ \to e^+ e^+ μ^- \bar ν_μ$ (or their charge conjugates) produced at the LHC, induced by sterile neutrinos with mass below $M_W$ in the intermediate state. While the first mode is induced by both Dirac or Majorana neutrinos, the second mode is induced only by Majorana neutrinos, as it violates lepton number. We find that, even when the final (anti-)neutrino goes undetected, one could distinguish between these two processes, thus distinguishing the Dirac or Majorana character of the sterile neutrinos, by studying the muon spectrum in the decays.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
title: Comparison of diagnostic performances of single-shot echo-planar diffusion-weighted MR imaging at 3.0 T and 1.5 T for differentiation of benign fracture edema and tumour infiltration of the vertebral body
Creators: name: Park, Hee
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal spine
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Neoplasia

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: to compare the SNR, CNR, ADC value using SSH-EPI at 3.0 T and 1.5 T for differentiation of benign fracture edema and tumor infiltration of the vertebral body and to assess whether the diagnostic performance of routine MR sequences be improved with...
Exploring the effects of social media use and environmental factors on eating behaviour
Creators: name: Liu, Jean
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022

description: This study aims to explore the effect of social media use and environmental factors on eating behaviours. We would examine eating behaviours under different laboratory experimental conditions, as well as gather data through the Experience Sampling Method (ESM). Participants would be recruited from Singapore-based recruitment platforms and Amazon Mechanical Turk (only for ESM sections).
title: Vector flow imaging using ultrasound: intraoperative estimation of blood flow in the ascending aorta compared to transesophageal echocardiography and pulmonary artery catheter thermodilution
Creators: name: Hansen, Kristoffer
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cardiac
subject: Vascular
subject: Ultrasound physics
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Ultrasound-Colour Doppler
subject: Intraoperative
subject: Blood
subject: Arteriosclerosis
subject: Haemodynamics / Flow dynamics

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Control of the global oxygen delivery for patients undergoing cardiac or major non-cardiac surgery during the perioperative period reduces mortality and morbidity (1). An important tool for monitoring of oxygen delivery is measurement of cardiac...
title: Intra-individual comparison of single view digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) with full-field digital mammography (FFDM) and combinations thereof for surveillance after breast conserving therapy (BCT)
Creators: name: Heywang-Köbrunner, Sylvia
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Breast
subject: Mammography
subject: Biopsy
subject: Cancer

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: So far the use of tomosynthesis (DBT) has predominantly been investigated for early detection (1,2). We are not aware of publications concerning the use for surveillance after breast cancer. The study was performed to assess the accuracy of single...
Unexpected depletion in plasma choline and phosphatidylcholine concentrations in a pregnant woman with bipolar affective disorder being treated with lithuim, haloperidol and benztropine: a case report
Creators: name: Zeisel, Steven H.
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2008

description: Abstract Introduction Patients with bipolar affective disorder can be effectively managed with pharmacological intervention. This case report describes a pregnant woman with a ten-year history of bipolar affective disorder that was being treated with lithium, haloperidol and benztropine. Case presentation The patient had a normal pregnancy, but developed an elevated blood pressure and started to lose weight at 36 weeks of gestation. During pregnancy, plasma concentrations of choline and phosphatidylcholine are increased to meet the demands of the foetus. However, our findings in this case included depletion of plasma choline and phosphatidylcholine concentrations. Other unusual outcomes included low placental weight and low infant birth weight. Conclusion This report suggests that the pharmacological management of this patient could possibly account for the findings.
G.yang Res Skyid Mends a Tibetan Slightshot in Mgo log (Golok)
Creators: name: 'Jam Dbyangs Skyabs
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Tibetan pastoral women, Tibetan women sewing, Tibetan slingshot mending, Mgo log (Golok),

description: This video was made on 15 January 2023. G.yang res skyid lives in her family's winter pasture, Rdo ra Valley, Gsa' skor tribe, Khang sar Township Town, Gcig sgril County, Mgo log Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Mtsho sngon Province, RP China. G.yang res skyid (b. 1990) mends her slingshot with rtsid skud "thread" (yarn made of coarse yak hair). She spins thread using a "chopstick" spindle and starts sewing her slingshot. G.yang res skyid never attended school. The oldest child of four siblings, her parents kept her with them because they needed her help to look after their livestock. Her two younger sisters went to school, and her younger brother became a monk at six, which was her parents' and grandparents' idea: "Ye shes bzang po (b. 1996) is the only son, so he should become a monk." G.yang res skyid has three children and has spent her entire life on her family's pastures, rarely leaving her local home community. Her hard work for her family is impressive! Herding livestock and doing house chores are work she never complains. G.yang res skyid sewing her slingshot was not a performance. She is accustomed to sewing with rtsid skud. Nowadays, people buy all kinds of "thread," but rtsid skud is not on that list. More importantly, few people now sew things by themselves. G.yang res skyid is one of the few people who try to be self-sufficient and not rely on others. When G.yang res skyid discovered her slingshot was torn, she thought of mending it and not buying a new slingshot.
title: Computed Tomographic assessment of Body Trauma with a Triple Fractionated Intravenous Contrast Injection Protocol
Creators: name: Lakshmanan, Rahul
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: CT
subject: Trauma
subject: Emergency
subject: Abdomen
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Radiation safety
subject: Trauma

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Background It is well established that CT in body trauma is associated with improved patient survival 1 , it is therefore an indispensible tool in the evaluation of the trauma patient. The benefits of CT in trauma are mitigated by the high...
Unstable Spin-Ice Order in the Stuffed Metallic Pyrochlore Pr$_{2+x}$Ir$_{2-x}$O$_{7-δ}$
Creators: name: MacLaughlin, D. E.
name: Bernal, O. O.
name: Shu, Lei
name: Ishikawa, Jun
name: Matsumoto, Yosuke
name: Wen, J. -J.
name: Mourigal, M.
name: Stock, C.
name: Ehlers, G.
name: Broholm, C. L.
name: Machida, Yo
name: Kimura, Kenta
name: Nakatsuji, Satoru
name: Shimura, Yasuyuki
name: Sakakibara, Toshiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Specific heat, elastic neutron scattering, and muon spin rotation ($μ$SR) experiments have been carried out on a well-characterized sample of "stuffed" (Pr-rich) Pr$_{2+x}$Ir$_{2-x}$O$_{7-δ}$. Elastic neutron scattering shows the onset of long-range spin-ice "2-in/2-out" magnetic order at $T_M = 0.93$ K, with an ordered moment of 1.7(1)$μ_\mathrm{B}$/Pr ion at low temperatures. Approximate lower bounds on the correlation length and correlation time in the ordered state are 170 Å and 0.7 ns, respectively. $μ$SR experiments yield an upper bound 2.6(7) mT on the local field $B_\mathrm{loc}^{4f}$ at the muon site, which is nearly two orders of magnitude smaller than the expected dipolar field for long-range spin-ice ordering of 1.7$μ_B$ moments (120--270 mT, depending on muon site). This shortfall is due in part to splitting of the non-Kramers crystal-field ground-state doublets of near-neighbor Pr$^{3+}$ ions by the $μ^+$-induced lattice distortion. For this to be the only effect, however, $\sim$160 Pr moments out to a distance of $\sim$14 Å must be suppressed. An alternative scenario, which is consistent with the observed reduced nuclear hyperfine Schottky anomaly in the specific heat, invokes slow correlated Pr-moment fluctuations in the ordered state that average $B_\mathrm{loc}^{4f}$ on the $μ$SR time scale (${\sim}10^{-7}$ s), but are static on the time scale of the elastic neutron scattering experiments (${\sim}10^{-9}$ s). In this picture the dynamic muon relaxation suggests a Pr$^{3+}$ $4f$ correlation time of a few nanoseconds, which should be observable in a neutron spin echo experiment.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures. To appear in Phys. Rev. B
microRNA expression in the prefrontal cortex of individuals with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder
Creators: name: Perkins, Diana
name: Jin, Jianping
name: Woods, Keith
name: Jarskog, L Fredrik
name: Hammond, Scott
name: Thomson, J Michael
name: Jeffries, Clark D
name: Newman, Martin A
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2007

description: Abstract Background microRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNA molecules that are now thought to regulate the expression of many mRNAs. They have been implicated in the etiology of a variety of complex diseases, including Tourette's syndrome, Fragile × syndrome, and several types of cancer. Results We hypothesized that schizophrenia might be associated with altered miRNA profiles. To investigate this possibility we compared the expression of 264 human miRNAs from postmortem prefrontal cortex tissue of individuals with schizophrenia (n = 13) or schizoaffective disorder (n = 2) to tissue of 21 psychiatrically unaffected individuals using a custom miRNA microarray. Allowing a 5% false discovery rate, we found that 16 miRNAs were differentially expressed in prefrontal cortex of patient subjects, with 15 expressed at lower levels (fold change 0.63 to 0.89) and 1 at a higher level (fold change 1.77) than in the psychiatrically unaffected comparison subjects. The expression levels of 12 selected miRNAs were also determined by quantitative RT-PCR in our lab. For the eight miRNAs distinguished by being expressed at lower microarray levels in schizophrenia samples versus comparison samples, seven were also expressed at lower levels with quantitative RT-PCR. Conclusion This study is the first to find altered miRNA profiles in postmortem prefrontal cortex from schizophrenia patients.
title: Ultrasonography diagnosis of elevated intracranial pressure in critically ill children with infectious diseases
Creators: name: Voitenkov, Vladislav
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: CNS
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Infection

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Elevated intracranial pressure diagnosis in clinic may be challenging. This condition may lead to the severe damage of the brain tissue and even death, and thus need rapid diagnostic and intensive therapy. This issue is especially demanding in...
New Signals of Quark-Gluon-Hadron Mixed Phase Formation
Creators: name: Bugaev, K. A.
name: Sagun, V. V.
name: Ivanytskyi, A. I.
name: Oliinychenko, D. R.
name: Ilgenfritz, E. -M.
name: Nikonov, E. G.
name: Taranenko, A. V.
name: Zinovjev, G. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we present several remarkable irregularities at chemical freeze-out which are found using an advanced version of the hadron resonance gas model. The most prominent of them are the sharp peak of the trace anomaly existing at chemical freeze-out at the center of mass energy 4.9 GeV and two sets of highly correlated quasi-plateaus in the collision energy dependence of the entropy per baryon, total pion number per baryon, and thermal pion number per baryon which we found at the center of mass energies 3.8-4.9 GeV and 7.6-10 GeV. The low energy set of quasi-plateaus was predicted a long time ago. On the basis of the generalized shock-adiabat model we demonstrate that the low energy correlated quasi-plateaus give evidence for the anomalous thermodynamic properties inside the quark-gluon-hadron mixed phase. It is also shown that the trace anomaly sharp peak at chemical freeze-out corresponds to the trace anomaly peak at the boundary between the mixed phase and quark gluon plasma. We argue that the high energy correlated quasi-plateaus may correspond to a second phase transition and discuss its possible origin and location. Besides we suggest two new observables which may serve as clear signals of these phase transformations.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures, new signals of QGP formation are suggested
The $Υ(1S)$ ${\to}$ $B_{c}ρ$ decay with perturbative QCD approach
Creators: name: Sun, Junfeng
name: Yang, Yueling
name: Li, Qingxia
name: Lu, Gongru
name: Huang, Jinshu
name: Chang, Qin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the potential prospects of the $Υ(1S)$ data samples at the running LHC and upcoming SuperKEKB, the $Υ(1S)$ ${\to}$ $B_{c}ρ$ weak decays are studied with the pQCD approach. It is found that (1) the lion's share of branching ratio comes from the longitudinal polarization helicity amplitudes; (2) branching ratio for the $Υ(1S)$ ${\to}$ $B_{c}ρ$ decay can reach up to ${\cal O}(10^{-9})$, which might be hopefully measurable.
description: 14 pages, revtex
title: Bismuth shielding at head CT: Impact of a novel design on the image quality and dose reduction to the lens
Creators: name: Leiva Salinas, Carlos
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Radioprotection / Radiation dose
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: CT
subject: Radiation safety
subject: Artifacts
subject: Quality assurance

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Bismuth shields may be used to protect superficial organs such as the lens of the eye from the radiation delivered from CT examinations. During a head CT exam, the shield is placed over the surface of the eyes so that the primary x-ray beam is...
title: MR enterography performed as part of the investigation of non-specific abdominal symptoms
Creators: name: Graham, Jonathan
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: Gastrointestinal tract
subject: MR
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Outcomes

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: The methods of imaging the small bowel continue to develop. Previously, small-bowel follow-though and barium enteroclysis had been used extensively to review abnormality of the small bowel (1) but more recently, CT or MR enteroclysis and MR...
Self-interfering wavepackets
Creators: name: Colas, David
name: Laussy, Fabrice
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the propagation of non-interacting polariton wavepackets. We show how two qualitatively different concepts of mass that arise from the peculiar polariton dispersion lead to a new type of particle-like object from non-interacting fields---much like self-accelerating beams---shaped by the Rabi coupling out of Gaussian initial states. A divergence and change of sign of the diffusive mass results in a "mass wall" on which polariton wavepackets bounce back. Together with the Rabi dynamics, this yield propagation of ultrafast subpackets and ordering of a spacetime crystal.
description: (no movies part of this preprint)
Phenotypic, genetic, and genome-wide structure in the metabolic syndrome
Creators: name: North, Kari
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2003

description: Abstract Background Insulin resistance, obesity, dyslipidemia, and high blood pressure characterize the metabolic syndrome. In an effort to explore the utility of different multivariate methods of data reduction to better understand the genetic influences on the aggregation of metabolic syndrome phenotypes, we calculated phenotypic, genetic, and genome-wide LOD score correlation matrices using five traits (total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, and body mass index) from the Framingham Heart Study data set prepared for the Genetic Analysis Workshop 13, clinic visits 10 and 1 for the original and offspring cohorts, respectively. We next applied factor analysis to summarize the relationship between these phenotypes. Results Factors generated from the genetic correlation matrix explained the most variation. Factors extracted using the other matrices followed a different pattern and suggest distinct effects. Conclusions Given these results, different methods of multivariate data reduction may provide unique clues on the clustering of this complex syndrome.
title: Fluorodeoxiglucose positron emission tomography (FDG- PET) in the diagnosis of mild to moderate dementia
Creators: name: Lucic, Silvija
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: CNS
subject: PET
subject: Molecular imaging
subject: Dementia

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: FDG-PET/ CTdemonstrates hypometabolic regions that are specific for each form of neurodegenerative dementia, for example Alzheimer’s disease exhibits a specific metabolic reduction pattern in the posterior cingulate gyri, precuneus, and...
title: Comparison of needle crystal and powder phosphor based CR detectors to a state-of-the art DR detector for neonatal chest imaging: a visual grading study
Creators: name: Smet, Maria-Helena
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Paediatric
subject: Digital radiography
subject: Comparative studies
subject: Image registration

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: To compare image quality (IQ) of three detector types using a neonatal chest...
Epithelial cell-directed efferocytosis in the post-partum mammary gland is necessary for tissue homeostasis and future lactation
Creators: name: Earp, H. Shelton
name: Sandahl, Melissa
name: Strunk, Karen E
name: Hunter, Debra M
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2010

description: Abstract Background Mammary glands harbor a profound burden of apoptotic cells (ACs) during post-lactational involution, but little is known regarding mechanisms by which ACs are cleared from the mammary gland, or consequences if this process is interrupted. We investigated AC clearance, also termed efferocytosis, during post-lactational remodeling, using mice deficient for MerTK, Axl, and Tyro3, three related receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) regulating macrophage-mediated efferocytosis in monocytes. MerTK expression, apoptosis and the accumulation of apoptotic debris were examined in histological sections of MerTK-deficient, Axl/Tyro3-deficient, and wild-type mammary glands harvested at specific time points during lactation and synchronized involution. The ability of primary mammary epithelial cells (MECs) to engulf ACs was assessed in culture. Transplant of MerTK-deficient mammary epithelium into cleared WT mammary fat pads was used to assess the contribution of WT mammary macrophages to post-lactational efferocytosis. Results ACs induced MerTK expression in MECs, resulting in elevated MerTK levels at the earliest stages of involution. Loss of MerTK resulted in AC accumulation in post-lactational MerTK-deficient mammary glands, but not in Axl and Tyro3-deficient mammary glands. Increased vascularization, fibrosis, and epithelial hyperproliferation were observed in MerTK-deficient mammary glands through at least 60 days post-weaning, due to failed efferocytosis after lactation, but did not manifest in nulliparous mice. WT host-derived macrophages failed to rescue efferocytosis in transplanted MerTK-deficient mammary epithelium. Conclusion Efferocytosis by MECs through MerTK is crucial for mammary gland homeostasis and function during the post-lactational period. Efferocytosis by MECs thus limits pathologic consequences associated with the apoptotic load following lactation.
Fiducial cross sections for Higgs boson production in association with a jet at next-to-next-to-leading order in QCD
Creators: name: Caola, Fabrizio
name: Melnikov, Kirill
name: Schulze, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the recent computation of Higgs boson production in association with a jet through next-to-next-to-leading order in perturbative QCD by including decays of the Higgs boson to electroweak vector bosons. This allows us to compute fiducial cross sections and kinematic distributions including realistic selection criteria for the Higgs boson decay products. As an illustration, we present results for $pp \to H + j \to γγ+ j$ closely following the ATLAS 8 TeV analysis and for $pp \to H+ j \to W W + j \to e^+ μ^- ν\bar ν+ j $ in a CMS-like 13 TeV setup.
description: 17 pages, 10 figures
title: Inflammatory breast carcinoma; a diagnosis not to be missed
Creators: name: Elías Mas, Andrea
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Breast
subject: Oncology
subject: Soft tissues / Skin
subject: Mammography
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Education
subject: Cancer
subject: Inflammation
subject: Neoplasia

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Our objectives are to review and illustratethe clinical, radiological and pathological findings of inflammatory breast carcinoma and to discuss its main differential...
Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and spin glass-like behavior in molecular beam epitaxy grown chromium telluride thin films
Creators: name: Roy, Anupam
name: Guchhait, Samaresh
name: Dey, Rik
name: Pramanik, Tanmoy
name: Hsieh, Cheng-Chih
name: Rai, Amritesh
name: Banerjee, Sanjay K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), vibrating sample magnetometry and other physical property measurements are used to investigate the structure, morphology, magnetic and magneto-transport properties of (001)-oriented Cr$_2$Te$_3$ thin films grown on Al$_2$O$_3$(0001) and Si(111)-(7$\times$7) surfaces by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Streaky RHEED patterns indicate flat smooth film growth on both substrates. STM studies show the hexagonal arrangements of surface atoms. Determination of the lattice parameter from atomically resolved STM image is consistent with the bulk crystal structures. Magnetic measurements show the film is ferromagnetic having the Curie temperature of about 180 K, and a spin glass-like behavior was observed below 35 K. Magneto-transport measurements show the metallic nature of the film with a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy along the $c$-axis.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures
title: Gravity-based density models and their applications
Creators: name:   Gómez-García , Ángela María
name: Bott , Judith
name: Scheck-Wenderoth , Magdalena
name: Götze , Hajo
name: Szwillus , Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2021

description: Gravity measurements contain important information about the subsurface at every spatial scale. Satellite missions provide highly accurate, global measurements, that allow building and testing 3D models of the Earth even for regions where other geophysical measurements are sparse. Depending on the envisaged model resolution and application, gravity data from regional or local surveys (e.g. ship and airborne) can be incorporated to provide higher resolution. However, solutions to the gravity inverse problem are non-unique and constraints by independent geological and geophysical observations need to be integrated to develop reliable subsurface density models. Such models, in turn, provide insights into subsurface variations in composition and thermo-mechanical state. In this session, we welcome contributions that integrate gravity and/or gradient data (at all scales) with other geophysical measurements and geological information to better understand the structure, properties and processes of the Earth’s subsurface. Hence, we would like to discuss diverse applications, from global scale, where mantle properties are assessed, down to the reservoir scale. We also welcome more technical contributions that address related topics like innovative joint inversion methods, model uncertainty estimation and determinations of parameter sensitivities, as well as temporal variations of the gravity field, and new interpretation software and techniques.
title: The quality of tumour size assessment by contrast-enhanced spectral mammography
Creators: name: Lobbes, Marcus
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Breast
subject: Oncology
subject: Mammography
subject: MR
subject: Comparative studies
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Cancer
subject: Image verification

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) is a promising new breast imaging modality that is superior to conventional mammography for breast cancer detection [1, 2]. We aimed to evaluate correlation and agreement of tumour size measurements...
Structures of local rearrangements in soft colloidal glasses
Creators: name: Yang, Xiunan
name: Liu, Rui
name: Yang, Mingcheng
name: Wang, Wei-Hua
name: Chen, Ke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We image local structural rearrangements in soft colloidal glasses under small periodic perturbations induced by thermal cycling. Local structural entropy $S_{2}$ positively correlates with observed rearrangements in colloidal glasses. The high $S_{2}$ values of the rearranging clusters in glasses indicate that fragile regions in glasses are structurally less correlated, similar to structural defects in crystalline solids. Slow-evolving high $S_{2}$ spots are capable of predicting local rearrangements long before the relaxations occur, while fluctuation-created high $S_{2}$ spots best correlate with local deformations right before the rearrangement events. Local free volumes are also found to correlate with particle rearrangements at extreme values, although the ability to identify relaxation sites is substantially lower than $S_{2}$. Our experiments provide an efficient structural identifier for the fragile regions in glasses, and highlight the important role of structural correlations in the physics of glasses.
Histone peptide microarray screen of chromo and Tudor domains defines new histone lysine methylation interactions
Creators: name: Shinsky, Stephen A
name: Bridgers, Joseph B
name: Krajewski, Krzysztof
name: Strahl, Brian
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2017

description: Abstract Background Histone posttranslational modifications (PTMs) function to regulate chromatin structure and function in part through the recruitment of effector proteins that harbor specialized “reader” domains. Despite efforts to elucidate reader domain–PTM interactions, the influence of neighboring PTMs and the target specificity of many reader domains is still unclear. The aim of this study was to use a high-throughput histone peptide microarray platform to interrogate 83 known and putative histone reader domains from the chromo and Tudor domain families to identify their interactions and characterize the influence of neighboring PTMs on these interactions. Results Nearly a quarter of the chromo and Tudor domains screened showed interactions with histone PTMs by peptide microarray, revealing known and several novel methyllysine interactions. Specifically, we found that the CBX/HP1 chromodomains that recognize H3K9me also recognize H3K23me2/3—a poorly understood histone PTM. We also observed that, in addition to their interaction with H3K4me3, Tudor domains of the Spindlin family also recognized H4K20me3—a previously uncharacterized interaction. Several Tudor domains also showed novel interactions with H3K4me as well. Conclusions These results provide an important resource for the epigenetics and chromatin community on the interactions of many human chromo and Tudor domains. They also provide the basis for additional studies into the functional significance of the novel interactions that were discovered.
title: Cloud-based diagnostic image viewer and storage system: Evaluation of image transaction speed and monthly storage costs in comparison with conventional off-internet system.
Creators: name: Hirai, Nobuhiko
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Economics
subject: Computer Applications-Teleradiology
subject: PACS
subject: Computer applications

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Computational power is now large and ubiquitous. As the greater use of diagnostic imaging procedures is expected to continue, so is the depletion of data storage space on conventional off-internet sites. Moreover, there is a critical shortage of...
Using inpainting to construct accurate cut-sky CMB estimators
Creators: name: Gruetjen, H. F.
name: Fergusson, J. R.
name: Liguori, M.
name: Shellard, E. P. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The direct evaluation of manifestly optimal, cut-sky CMB power spectrum and bispectrum estimators is numerically very costly, due to the presence of inverse-covariance filtering operations. This justifies the investigation of alternative approaches. In this work, we mostly focus on an inpainting algorithm that was introduced in recent CMB analyses to cure cut-sky suboptimalities of bispectrum estimators. First, we show that inpainting can equally be applied to the problem of unbiased estimation of power spectra. We then compare the performance of a novel inpainted CMB temperature power spectrum estimator to the popular apodised pseudo-$C_l$ (PCL) method and demonstrate, both numerically and with analytic arguments, that inpainted power spectrum estimates significantly outperform PCL estimates. Finally, we study the case of cut-sky bispectrum estimators, comparing the performance of three different approaches: inpainting, apodisation and a novel low-l leaning scheme. Providing an analytic argument why the local shape is typically most affected we mainly focus on local type non-Gaussianity. Our results show that inpainting allows to achieve optimality also for bispectrum estimation, but interestingly also demonstrate that appropriate apodisation, in conjunction with low-l cleaning, can lead to comparable accuracy.
description: 21 pages, 10 figures
Single-ion anisotropy and magnetic field response in spin ice materials Ho$_{2}$Ti$_{2}$O$_{7}$ and Dy$_{2}$Ti$_{2}$O$_{7}$
Creators: name: Tomasello, Bruno
name: Castelnovo, Claudio
name: Moessner, Roderich
name: Quintanilla, Jorge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by its role as a central pillar of current theories of dynamics of spin ice in and out of equilibrium, we study the single-ion dynamics of the magnetic rare earth ions in their local environments, subject to the effective fields set up by the magnetic moments they interact with. This effective field has a transverse component with respect to the local easy-axis of the crystal electric field, which can induce quantum tunnelling. We go beyond the projective spin-1/2 picture and use instead the full crystal-field Hamiltonian. We find that the Kramers vs non-Kramers nature, as well as the symmetries of the crystal-field Hamiltonian, result in different perturbative behaviour at small fields ($\lesssim 1$ T), with transverse field effects being more pronounced in Ho$_{2}$Ti$_{2}$O$_{7}$ than in Dy$_{2}$Ti$_{2}$O$_{7}$. Remarkably, the energy splitting range we find is consistent with time scales extracted from experiments. We also present a study of the static magnetic response which highlights the anisotropy of the system in the form of an off-diagonal $g$ tensor and we investigate the effects of thermal fluctuations in the temperature regime of relevance to experiments. We show that there is a narrow yet accessible window of experimental parameters where the anisotropic response can be observed.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures
Nanosecond spin lifetimes in bottom-up fabricated bilayer graphene spin-valves with atomic layer deposited Al$_2$O$_3$ spin injection and detection barriers
Creators: name: Drögeler, Marc
name: Volmer, Frank
name: Wolter, Maik
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Neumaier, Daniel
name: Stampfer, Christoph
name: Beschoten, Bernd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present spin transport studies on bi- and trilayer graphene non-local spin-valves which have been fabricated by a bottom-up fabrication method. By this technique, spin injection electrodes are first deposited onto Si$^{++}$/SiO$_2$ substrates with subsequent mechanical transfer of a graphene/hBN heterostructure. We showed previously that this technique allows for nanosecond spin lifetimes at room temperature combined with carrier mobilities which exceed 20,000 cm$^2$/(Vs). Despite strongly enhanced spin and charge transport properties, the MgO injection barriers in these devices exhibit conducting pinholes which still limit the measured spin lifetimes. We demonstrate that these pinholes can be partially diminished by an oxygen treatment of a trilayer graphene device which is seen by a strong increase of the contact resistance area products of the Co/MgO electrodes. At the same time, the spin lifetime increases from 1 ns to 2 ns. We believe that the pinholes partially result from the directional growth in molecular beam epitaxy. For a second set of devices, we therefore used atomic layer deposition of Al$_2$O$_3$ which offers the possibility to isotropically deposit more homogeneous barriers. While the contacts of the as-fabricated bilayer graphene devices are non-conductive, we can partially break the oxide barriers by voltage pulses. Thereafter, the devices also exhibit nanosecond spin lifetimes.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
title: Peroneal tendon pathology evaluation using the oblique sagittal plane in ankle MR imaging
Creators: name: Park, Hee
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: MR
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Trauma

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of oblique sagittal imaging (peroneal view) for evaluation of peroneal tendon...