cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Complex observation processes in ecology and epidemiology: general theory and specific examples
Creators: name: Chadwick, Fergus J.
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 2023

description: Complex observation processes abound in ecology and epidemiology. In order to answer the large-scale, urgent questions that are the focus of modern research, we must rely on indirect and opportunistic observation. Relating these data to the biological processes we are interested in is challenging. Statisticians working in this area need an understanding of both state-of-the-art modelling techniques and the field-specific nuances of how the data were generated. As a result, many methods to deal with complex observation processes are highly bespoke. Bespoke models are hard to translate between contexts and, because they are often presented in field-specific language, hard to learn from. Modelling of observation processes is thus a fractured area of study, leading to duplication of research effort and limiting the rate at which we can make progress. In this thesis, I aim to provide a road-map to how we might achieve some unification in this area. I begin by establishing a conceptual framework that can be used to describe observation processes and identify methods to address them. The framework defines all observation processes as a combination of issues of latency, identifiability, effort or scaling (L.I.E.S.). I illustrate the framework using motivating examples from ecology and epidemiology. The risk with conceptual frameworks is that they can be over-fitted to existing data and may fail when faced with new, real-world problems. To address this, I also approach the problem from a bottom-up perspective by tackling a series of ecological and epidemiological case studies. Each case study requires novel statistical methods to deal with the observation process. By developing new methods, I explore the world of observation processes potentially not well-captured in the literature. I then explore whether these case studies motivate revision or reassessment of my conceptual framework. While the case studies were chosen to challenge the L.I.E.S. framework, I find that they mutually reinforce each other. The framework provides a helpful scaffolding with which to describe the problems in the case studies. The case studies provide useful examples of more complex observation processes and how the four issues encoded in L.I.E.S. interact with one another. These findings illustrate the value of a framework for unifying approaches to observation processes.
Neves, A. F. Santos, Ecumenismo em Angola. Do ecumenismo cristão ao ecumenismo universal. Ed. Colóquios. Vol. de 383 ps. 145x210. Nova Lisboa - Angola 1968
Creators: name: Coelho, L. Antunes
Publisher: name: Theologica
Year: 1968

description: Theologica, v. 3 n. 4 (1968)
Quantum decoherence in the entanglement entropy of a composite particle and its relationship to coarse graining in the Husimi function
Creators: name: Kanada-En'yo, Yoshiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I investigate quantum decoherence in a one-body density matrix of a composite particle consisting of two correlated particles. Because of a two-body correlation in the composite particle, quantum decoherence occurs in the one-body density matrix that has been reduced from the two-body density matrix. As the delocalization of the distribution of the composite particle grows, the entanglement entropy increases, and the system can be well-described by a semi-classical approximation, wherein the center position of the composite particle can be regarded as a classical coordinate. I connect the quantum decoherence in the one-body density matrix of a composite particle to the coarse graining in a phase space distribution function of a single particle and associate it with the Husimi function.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure
Study of the threshold anomaly in the elastic scattering of d+$^{197}$Au
Creators: name: Giudice, T.
name: Abriola, D.
name: Arazi, A.
name: de Barbará, E.
name: Cardona, M. A.
name: Gómez, J.
name: Hojman, D.
name: Betan, R. M. Id
name: Kohen, M. S.
name: Llaneza, N.
name: Martí, G. V.
name: Paes, B.
name: Schneider, D.
name: Soler, H.
name: Lubian, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurements of the elastic scattering angular distribution for the d+$^{197}$Au system were carried out covering deuteron incident energies in the range from 5 to 16 MeV, i.e. approximately 50% below and above the Coulomb barrier. A critical interaction distance of $d_I$= 2.49 fm was determined from these distributions, which is comparable to that of the radioactive halo nucleus $^{6}$He. The experimental angular distributions were systematically analyzed using two alternative models: the semi-microscopic Sao Paulo and the effective Woods-Saxon optical potentials, for which the best-fitting parameters were determined. These potentials, integrated in the vicinity of the sensitivity radius, were calculated for each energy. For both models, the energy dependence of these integrals presented the breakup threshold anomaly around the coulomb barrier, a typical signature of weakly bound nuclei.
description: 20 pages. 7 figures. 60 References
Zentrumsgemeinden und Umland im ländlichen Raum : Funktionen und Bedeutung von regionalen Zentren für die Zukunft ländlicher Regionen am Beispiel von Spiez, Frutigen und Zweisimmen im Berner Oberland
Creators: name: Guillod, Céline
Publisher: name: ZHAW Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften
Year: 2018
Subjects: Regionale Zentren
Umland
Ländlicher Raum
Ländliche Räume
Berggebiete
Ländliche Region
Funktionen
Zentrumsfunktionen
Spiez
Frutigen
Zweisimmen
Berner Oberland
Regionalpolitik
Zentrum-Umland Beziehungen
711: Raumplanung (Städtebau)

description: Like other rural areas in Switzerland, the Bernese Oberland is characterised by structural change. In order to respond to these challenges, development concepts of the Federal Government, the cantons and the regions emphasise regional centres and an enhanced cooperation between the centre and the surrounding areas.  
In order to examine the functions of regional centres in practice, three rural municipalities in the Bernese Oberland − Spiez, Frutigen and Zweisimmen − were chosen as case studies. A centre-surrounding model was developed, which illustrates the characteristics of regional centres and the demands of theory, politics and practice on the functions of regional centres. The model serves to answer the question how the three case municipalities fulfil the demands and whether they are perceived as regional centres. On this basis, gaps were identified and options for action are proposed as how the three case municipalities can more holistically fulfil their functions as regional centres.
description: Das Berner Oberland ist wie andere ländliche Räume in der Schweiz geprägt durch den Strukturwandel. Um auf diese Herausforderungen zu reagieren, setzen Entwicklungskonzepte des Bundes, der Kantone und der Regionen auf regionale Zentren und auf eine verstärkte Zusammenarbeit zwischen Zentrum und Umland. 
Um die Funktionen regionaler Zentren in der Praxis zu untersuchen, wurden drei ländliche Gemeinden im Berner Oberland – Spiez, Frutigen und Zweisimmen – als Fallbeispiele in den Fokus genommen. Es wurde dabei ein Zentrum-Umland Modell ausgearbeitet, welches die Charakteristiken von regionalen Zentren und die Ansprüche von Theorie, Politik und Praxis an die Funktionen von regionalen Zentren darstellt. Das Modell
diente dazu, die Frage zu beantworten, inwieweit die drei Fallgemeinden die Ansprüche und die definierten Merkmale an regionale Zentren erfüllen. Darauf basierend wurden Lücken aufgespürt und es wurden Handlungsoptionen aufgezeigt, wie die drei Fallgemeinden ihre Funktionen als regionale Zentren ganzheitlicher wahrnehmen können.
Changes in Breath Trihalomethane Levels Resulting from Household Water-Use Activities
Creators: name: Gordon, Sydney M.
name: Lyu, Christopher
name: Masters, John
name: Brinkman, Marielle C.
name: Blount, Benjamin C.
name: Ashley, David L.
name: Singer, Philip C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Common household water-use activities such as showering, bathing, drinking, and washing clothes or dishes are potentially important contributors to individual exposure to trihalomethanes (THMs), the major class of disinfection by-products of water treated with chlorine. Previous studies have focused on showering or bathing activities. In this study, we selected 12 common water-use activities and determined which may lead to the greatest THM exposures and result in the greatest increase in the internal dose. Seven subjects performed the various water-use activities in two residences served by water utilities with relatively high and moderate total THM levels. To maintain a consistent exposure environment, the activities, exposure times, air exchange rates, water flows, water temperatures, and extraneous THM emissions to the indoor air were carefully controlled. Water, indoor air, blood, and exhaled-breath samples were collected during each exposure session for each activity, in accordance with a strict, well-defined protocol. Although showering (for 10 min) and bathing (for 14 min), as well as machine washing of clothes and opening mechanical dishwashers at the end of the cycle, resulted in substantial increases in indoor air chloroform concentrations, only showering and bathing caused significant increases in the breath chloroform levels. In the case of bromodichloromethane (BDCM), only bathing yielded a significantly higher air level in relation to the preexposure concentration. For chloroform from showering, strong correlations were observed for indoor air and exhaled breath, blood and exhaled breath, indoor air and blood, and tap water and blood. Only water and breath, and blood and breath were significantly associated for chloroform from bathing. For BDCM, significant correlations were obtained for blood and air, and blood and water from showering. Neither dibromochloromethane nor bromoform gave measurable breath concentrations for any of the activities investigated because of their much lower tap-water concentrations. Future studies will address the effects that changes in these common water-use activities may have on exposure.
title: The function and the content of the dream in Homer: Penelope’s dream and the Gates of Dreams in Odyssey 19
Creators: name: Laverick, Dominic
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 2023

description: This thesis investigates the function and the content of the dream scenes and reports in Homer, principally through an analysis of Penelope’s allegorical eagle/goose dream in Odyssey 19. It aims to demonstrate that Homer knew that dreams were products of the mind, but chose to present them as externalised (that is, coming from outside the self) for poetic and linguistic reasons. Having established this psychological basis for understanding Homer’s dreams, it argues for a Lacanian interpretation of Penelope’s grief within her dream which explains its negative affect. Finally, it provides an analysis of Penelope’s ‘Gates of Horn and Ivory’, and evaluates the competing scholarly theories of their symbolism.
Quasidifferentials in Kantorovich Spaces
Creators: name: Basaeva, E. K.
name: Kusraev, A. G.
name: Kutateladze, S. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47J20 (Primary), 49J52, 49J27 (Secondary)

description: This is an overview of the quasidifferential calculus for the mappings that arrive at Kantorovich spaces. The necessary optimality conditions are also derived for multiple criteria optimization problems with quasidifferentiable data.
description: Some misprints are corrected
Fannie Mae's National Housing Survey Monthly Home Purchase Sentiment Index (HPSI) and Key Indicators - January, 2024 (a subset of the complete monthly Fannie Mae National Housing Survey)
Creators: name: Foundation, Fannie Mae
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2024

description: Economy on right or wrong track (3); personal financial situation (1); good or bad time to buy a house (3); good or bad time to sell a house (3); expect to move (1); direction house prices will go (3); direction rental prices will go (3); direction mortgage rates will go (1); difficulty getting a mortgage (1); home ownership (2).
Consistent Pulmonary and Systemic Responses from Inhalation of Fine Concentrated Ambient Particles: Roles of Rat Strains Used and Physicochemical Properties
Creators: name: Davies, David
name: Walsh, Leon
name: Schladweiler, Mette C.
name: McGee, John K.
name: Kodavanti, Urmila P.
name: Ledbetter, Allen D.
name: Richards, Judy H.
name: Andrews, Debora
name: Gilmour, Peter S.
name: Costa, Daniel L.
name: Crissman, Kay
name: Highfill, Jerry W.
name: Pinkerton, Kent E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Several studies have reported health effects of concentrated ambient particles (CAP) in rodents and humans; however, toxicity end points in rodents have provided inconsistent results. In 2000 we conducted six 1-day exposure studies where spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats were exposed to filtered air or CAPs (≤ 2.5 μm, 1,138–1,765 μg/m3) for 4 hr (analyzed 1–3 hr afterward). In seven 2-day exposure studies in 2001, SH and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were exposed to filtered air or CAP (≤ 2.5 μm, 144–2,758 μg/m3) for 4 hr/day × 2 days (analyzed 1 day afterward). Despite consistent and high CAP concentrations in the 1-day exposure studies, no biologic effects were noted. The exposure concentrations varied among the seven 2-day exposure studies. Except in the first study when CAP concentration was highest, lavageable total cells and macrophages decreased and neutrophils increased in WKY rats. SH rats demonstrated a consistent increase of lavage fluid γ -glutamyltransferase activity and plasma fibrinogen. Inspiratory and expiratory times increased in SH but not in WKY rats. Significant correlations were found between CAP mass (microgram per cubic meter) and sulfate, organic carbon, or zinc. No biologic effects correlated with CAP mass. Despite low chamber mass in the last six of seven 2-day exposure studies, the levels of zinc, copper, and aluminum were enriched severalfold, and organic carbon was increased to some extent when expressed per milligram of CAP. Biologic effects were evident in those six studies. These studies demonstrate a pattern of rat strain–specific pulmonary and systemic effects that are not linked to high mass but appear to be dependent on CAP chemical composition.
Verdichtete Grünräume im urbanen Raum : Plädoyer für mehr Intimität und Individualisierung im urbanen Wohnumfeld
Creators: name: Hagen Hodgson, Petra
Publisher: name: Verlag Werk
Year: 2010
Subjects: Landschaftsarchitektur
Gartenzimmer
Wohnumfeld
Zersiedelung
711: Raumplanung (Städtebau)
712: Landschaftsgestaltung (Landschaftsdesign)

description: Unsere urbanisierten Lebensräume breiten sich immer mehr aus und werden immer dichter. Wenn wir mehr Wohnlichkeit in unsere Städte bringen wollen, so ist bei der Gestaltung und sozialen Nutzbarkeit der Aussenräume gerade von Wohnsiedlungen Handlungsbedarf angesagt.
Complex-energy approach to sum rules within nuclear density functional theory
Creators: name: Hinohara, Nobuo
name: Kortelainen, Markus
name: Nazarewicz, Witold
name: Olsen, Erik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The linear response of the nucleus to an external field contains unique information about the effective interaction, correlations, and properties of its excited states. To characterize the response, it is useful to use its energy-weighted moments, or sum rules. By comparing computed sum rules with experimental values, the information content of the response can be utilized in the optimization process of the nuclear Hamiltonian or EDF. But the additional information comes at a price: compared to the ground state, computation of excited states is more demanding. To establish an efficient framework to compute sum rules of the response that is adaptable to the optimization of the nuclear EDF and large-scale surveys of collective strength, we have developed a new technique within the complex-energy FAM based on the QRPA. To compute sum rules, we carry out contour integration of the response function in the complex-energy plane. We benchmark our results against the conventional matrix formulation of the QRPA theory, the Thouless theorem for the energy-weighted sum rule, and the dielectric theorem for the inverse energy-weighted sum rule. We demonstrate that calculated sum-rule values agree with those obtained from the matrix formulation of the QRPA. We also discuss the applicability of both the Thouless theorem about the energy-weighted sum rule and the dielectric theorem for the inverse energy-weighted sum rule to nuclear density functional theory in cases when the EDF is not based on a Hamiltonian. The proposed sum-rule technique based on the complex-energy FAM is a tool of choice when optimizing effective interactions or energy functionals. The method is very efficient and well-adaptable to parallel computing. The FAM formulation is especially useful when standard theorems based on commutation relations involving the nuclear Hamiltonian and external field cannot be used.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. C
Satellite tracking with NOT – Limitations and possibilities
Creators: name: Seméli Papadogiannakis
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: satellite, polarimetry, spectrososcopy, space situational awareness

description: Tracking of artificial objects in orbit around Earth (for example satellites and discarded rocket bodies), as well as characterisation of capabilities, ownership, and operational status is an integral part of space situational awareness. This activity is becoming increasingly important as space gets more congested, but it also has relevant implications in other areas, such as policy making, diplomacy, and defence. In this talk we will be presenting the results of efforts to test the Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT) for tracking and characterising satellites in different orbits. The aim was to assess NOT:s capabilities in the use-case and evaluate both its possibilities and present limitations. The results show that NOT can track objects with angular speeds of 120”/s or slower, approximately equivalent to objects in orbits 4200 km from the surface and above. This includes for example satellites in geosynchronous orbit and navigation constellations such as GPS and Galileo. We will also present results from characterisation of satellites using polarimetry and spectroscopy with the ALFOSC instrument, and direct lucky imaging with FASTCAM. We found that polarimetry alone is an efficient way to distinguish satellites.
Vários, Le développement, la justice et la paix. Ed. Chronique sociale de France. 54e. Semaine sociale. Nantes 1967. Vol. de 289 ps. 135x215. Lyon 1967
Creators: name: Lopes, Virgílio
Publisher: name: Theologica
Year: 1968

description: Theologica, v. 3 n. 4 (1968)
Mid-infrared spectroscopy of planetary analogs: A database for planetary remote sensing
Creators: name: Morlok, A.
name: Klemme, S.
name: Weber, I.
name: Stojic, A. N.
name: Sohn, M.
name: Hiesinger, H.
name: Helbert, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The MERTIS (MErcury Radiometer and Thermal Infrared Spectrometer) instrument onboard the ESA/JAXA BepiColombo mission will provide mid-infrared data, which will be crucial to characterize the surface mineralogy of Mercury. In order to interpret the results, we are creating a database of mid infrared spectra. As part of a study of synthetic glasses which are to serve as analog materials for the interpretation of remote sensing and modeling data, we present mid infrared data for analog materials of Mercury regolith, surface and mantle compositions. In addition, we provide data for similar analogs of Earth, Moon, Venus, and Mars rocks for a coherent picture. The analog samples have been first characterized by optical microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and EMPA. Powdered size fractions (0-25 micron, 25-63 micron, 63-125 micron, and 125 -250 micron) were studied in reflectance in the mid-infrared range from 2.5 to 18 micron (550 to 2000cm-1), additional micro FTIR analyses were also obtained. Results for the size fractions of the surface and regolith analogs for Mercury show typical features for amorphous material with Christiansen Features (CF) at 8 to 8.1 micron, Reststrahlen Bands (RB) at 9.8 to 9.9 micron, and the Transparency Feature (TF) at 12 micron. The six bulk silicate Mercury analogs have varying CF positions from 8.1 to 9 micron, with RB crystalline features of various olivines dominating in most samples. Similarly, bulk silicate analogs of the other planetary bodies show glassy features for the surface analogs with CF from 7.9 micron (Earth Continental Crust) to 8.3 micron (Lunar Mare), strong RB from 9.5 micron (Earth Continental Crust ) to 10.6 micron (Lunar Mare and Highlands). TF are usually very weak for the glassy analogs.
Discrimination of Vanadium from Zinc Using Gene Profiling in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells
Creators: name: Li, Zhuowei
name: Devlin, Robert B.
name: Stonehuerner, Jackie
name: Huang, Yuh-Chin T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: We hypothesized that gene expression profiling may discriminate vanadium from zinc in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs). RNA from HBECs exposed to vehicle, V (50 μM), or Zn (50 μM) for 4 hr (n = 4 paired experiments) was hybridized to Affymetrix Hu133A chips. Using one-class t-test with p < 0.01, we identified 140 and 76 genes with treatment:control ratios ≥ 2.0 or ≤ 0.5 for V and Zn, respectively. We then categorized these genes into functional pathways and compared the number of genes in each pathway between V and Zn using Fisher’s exact test. Three pathways regulating gene transcription, inflammatory response, and cell proliferation distinguished V from Zn. When genes in these three pathways were matched with the 163 genes flagged by the same statistical filtration for V:Zn ratios, 12 genes were identified. The hierarchical clustering analysis showed that these 12 genes discriminated V from Zn and consisted of two clusters. Cluster 1 genes (ZBTB1, PML, ZNF44, SIX1, BCL6, ZNF450) were down-regulated by V and involved in gene transcription, whereas cluster 2 genes (IL8, IL1A, PTGS2, DTR, TNFAIP3, CXCL3) were up-regulated and linked to inflammatory response and cell proliferation. Also, metallothionein 1 genes (MT1F, MT1G, MT1K) were up-regulated by Zn only. Thus, using microarray analysis, we identified a small set of genes that may be used as biomarkers for discriminating V from Zn. The novel genes and pathways identified by the microarray may help us understand the pathogenesis of health effects caused by environmental V and Zn exposure.
Exploration of Work and Health Disparities among Black Women Employed in Poultry Processing in the Rural South
Creators: name: Argue, Robin
name: James, Tamara
name: Lipscomb, Hester J.
name: Epling, Carol A.
name: Loomis, Dana
name: Dement, John M.
name: McDonald, Mary Anne
name: Wing, Steve
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: We describe an ongoing collaboration that developed as academic investigators responded to a specific request from community members to document health effects on black women of employment in poultry-processing plants in rural North Carolina. Primary outcomes of interest are upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders and function as well as quality of life. Because of concerns of community women and the history of poor labor relations, we decided to conduct this longitudinal study in a manner that did not require involvement of the employer. To provide more detailed insights into the effects of this type of employment, the epidemiologic analyses are supplemented by ethnographic interviews. The resulting approach requires community collaboration. Community-based staff, as paid members of the research team, manage the local project office, recruit and retain participants, conduct interviews, coordinate physical assessments, and participate in outreach. Other community members assisted in the design of the data collection tools and the recruitment of longitudinal study participants and took part in the ethnographic component of the study. This presentation provides an example of one model through which academic researchers and community members can work together productively under challenging circumstances. Notable accomplishments include the recruitment and retention of a cohort of low-income rural black women, often considered hard to reach in research studies. This community-based project includes a number of elements associated with community-based participatory research.
Re-Envisioning Community-Led Public Health Through a Case Study of Chicago's Response
Creators: name: Grant, Alexis
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: In efforts to increase community leadership and equity in public health, local health departments (LHDs) partner with community-based organizations (CBOs). To improve these efforts, it is important to know what kinds of CBOs participate in public health, why some do not, and what kind of transformation is needed to create a public health system that equitably includes CBOs. This study had three aims: 1) To address the assumptions underlying CBO participation in LHD activity by examining the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of CBO leadership who chose not to participate in the initiative; 2) to examine, characterize, and differentiate funded and unfunded applicants of a government funded public health initiative; and 3) to explicate what a community-led public health approach looks like in a Chicago. This case study used the Chicago COVID-19 Contact Tracing Corps as a case study context, which was an initiative funded in 2020 by the Chicago Department of Public Health for CBOs to hire contact tracers from the community. Six interviews in-depth 90-minute interviews with CBO managers and leaders at small organizations were conducted and analyzed to address the first and third study aims. A thematic analysis of interview data revealed that CBOs chose not to apply because the initiative was outside of their scope of work, it was not responsive to pressing community needs, and technical and administrative concerns. Furthermore, cross-cutting themes of the community coming first and doubts about long-term impact were identified. To address the second aim, a mixed methods document analysis showed that workforce, financial, organizational capacity may be the most important determining factors to a CBO getting funded, not necessarily the mission or programmatic alignment. To address the third aim, a secondary critical discourse analysis of the interview data provided insights like the need for the LHD to give up control, allow for participatory spaces, and establish systems that demonstrate trust in the CBOs. These findings suggest that CBOs are theoretically equipped to lead public health efforts but there needs to be system transformation and wise investment from LHDs and CBOs that support an infrastructure for community-led public health.
Geometrical Bell inequalities for arbitrarily many qudits with different outcome strategies
Creators: name: Wieśniak, Marcin
name: Dutta, Arijit
name: Ryu, Junghee
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states are intuitively known to be the most non-classical ones. They lead to the most radically nonclassical behavior of three or more entangled quantum subsystems. However, in case of two-dimensional systems, it has been shown that GHZ states lead to more robustness of Bell nonclassicality in case of geometrical inequalities than in case of Mermin inequalities. We investigate various strategies of constructing geometrical Bell inequalities (BIs) for GHZ states for any dimensionality of subsystems.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure
Gesture Recognition with Keypoint and Radar Stream Fusion for Automated Vehicles
Creators: name: Holzbock, Adrian
name: Kern, Nicolai
name: Waldschmidt, Christian
name: Dietmayer, Klaus
name: Belagiannis, Vasileios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a joint camera and radar approach to enable autonomous vehicles to understand and react to human gestures in everyday traffic. Initially, we process the radar data with a PointNet followed by a spatio-temporal multilayer perceptron (stMLP). Independently, the human body pose is extracted from the camera frame and processed with a separate stMLP network. We propose a fusion neural network for both modalities, including an auxiliary loss for each modality. In our experiments with a collected dataset, we show the advantages of gesture recognition with two modalities. Motivated by adverse weather conditions, we also demonstrate promising performance when one of the sensors lacks functionality.
description: Accepted for presentation at the 3rd AVVision Workshop at ECCV 2022, October 23, 2022, Tel Aviv, Israel
Youth's Digital Practices, Intersectional Identities, and Studenthoods in Co-Constructed Third Spaces
Creators: name: Delacruz, Patricia M
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: The historic shutdown of schools during the COVID-19 pandemic surfaced perennial questions around what it means to “do school.” Despite education research that recognizes youth as dynamic learners across digital and physical contexts, schools are still organized around hegemonic and inequitable school structures (Collins, 2019; Ladson-Billings, 2006). This study explored the co-construction of a digital Third Space (Gutiérrez, Rymes & Larson, 1995) between two youth from nondominant communities and their previous reading teacher, through Zoom, outside of instructional time. This collective case study (Creswell & Poth, 2018) used the analytic frame of Bakhtin’s (1981) chronotope (time-space) to understand students’ identities through multiple time-space configurations. Three findings developed from the data. First, students used their digital practices to co-construct a Third Space with their teacher that surfaced their lived intersectional identities and developing academic, institutional, and intellectual identities. Secondly, the Third Space chronotope fostered the visibility of our collective intersectional identities, informing the humanizing pedagogy of the teacher-researcher. Finally, this Third Space operated on the historicity and trust of the student-teacher relationships that served the youth’s studenthoods – the doing and being involved in their broader journey through the institution of school. This research has implications for teachers’ perceptions of student-teacher relationships and teacher praxis of a humanizing pedagogy. This dissertation contributes to the study of digital learning spaces, as well as the examination of the time-space organization of schools and classrooms, particularly in support of its students from nondominant backgrounds, who are not seen and heard consistently across their school journeys.
Delicado. J., La Pastoral diocesana al dia. Ed. Verbo Divino. Vol. de 217 ps. 120x190. Estella (Navarra) 1966
Creators: name: Fonseca, Guilherme Frederico Malvar Da
Publisher: name: Theologica
Year: 1968

description: Theologica, v. 3 n. 4 (1968)
Multipartite entanglement detection with minimal effort
Creators: name: Knips, Lukas
name: Schwemmer, Christian
name: Klein, Nico
name: Wieśniak, Marcin
name: Weinfurter, Harald
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Certifying entanglement of a multipartite state is generally considered as a demanding task. Since an $N$ qubit state is parametrized by $4^{N}-1$ real numbers, one might naively expect that the measurement effort of generic entanglement detection also scales exponentially with $N$. Here, we introduce a general scheme to construct efficient witnesses requiring a constant number of measurements independent of the number of qubits for states like, e.g., Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states, cluster states and Dicke states. For four qubits, we apply this novel method to experimental realizations of the aforementioned states and prove genuine four-partite entanglement with two measurement settings only.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, 6 tables. Comments are welcome
Human Neurobehavioral Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Styrene: A Meta-Analysis
Creators: name: Bushnell, Philip J.
name: Boyes, William K
name: Geller, Andrew M.
name: Benignus, Vernon A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Many reports in the literature suggest that long-term exposure to styrene may exert a variety of effects on the nervous system, including increased choice reaction time and decreased performance of color discrimination and color arrangement tasks. Sufficient information exists to perform a meta-analysis of these observations quantifying the relationships between exposure (estimated from biomarkers) and effects on two measures of central nervous system function: reaction time and color vision. To perform the meta-analysis, we pooled data into a single database for each end point. End-point data were transformed to a common metric of effect magnitude (percentage of baseline). We estimated styrene concentration from biomarkers of exposure and fitted linear least-squares equations to the pooled data to produce dose–effect relationships. Statistically significant relationships were demonstrated between cumulative styrene exposure and increased choice reaction time as well as increased color confusion index. Eight work-years of exposure to 20 ppm styrene was estimated to produce a 6.5% increase in choice reaction time, which has been shown to significantly increase the probability of automobile accidents. The same exposure history was predicted to increase the color confusion index as much as 1.7 additional years of age in men.
Influence of Tap Water Quality and Household Water Use Activities on Indoor Air and Internal Dose Levels of Trihalomethanes
Creators: name: Ashley, David L.
name: Hinckley, Alison F.
name: Gordon, Sydney M.
name: Lyu, Christopher
name: Nuckols, John R.
name: Singer, Philip
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Individual exposure to trihalomethanes (THMs) in tap water can occur through ingestion, inhalation, or dermal exposure. Studies indicate that activities associated with inhaled or dermal exposure routes result in a greater increase in blood THM concentration than does ingestion. We measured blood and exhaled air concentrations of THM as biomarkers of exposure to participants conducting 14 common household water use activities, including ingestion of hot and cold tap water beverages, showering, clothes washing, hand washing, bathing, dish washing, and indirect shower exposure. We conducted our study at a single residence in each of two water utility service areas, one with relatively high and the other low total THM in the residence tap water. To maintain a consistent exposure environment for seven participants, we controlled water use activities, exposure time, air exchange, water flow and temperature, and nonstudy THM sources to the indoor air. We collected reference samples for water supply and air (pre–water use activity), as well as tap water and ambient air samples. We collected blood samples before and after each activity and exhaled breath samples at baseline and postactivity. All hot water use activities yielded a 2-fold increase in blood or breath THM concentrations for at least one individual. The greatest observed increase in blood and exhaled breath THM concentration in any participant was due to showering (direct and indirect), bathing, and hand dishwashing. Average increase in blood THM concentration ranged from 57 to 358 pg/mL due to these activities. More research is needed to determine whether acute and frequent exposures to THM at these concentrations have public health implications. Further research is also needed in designing epidemiologic studies that minimize data collection burden yet maximize accuracy in classification of dermal and inhalation THM exposure during hot water use activities.
Technical Dimensions of Programming Systems
Creators: name: Jakubovic, Joel
name: Edwards, Jonathan
name: Petricek, Tomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Programming requires much more than just writing code in a programming language. It is usually done in the context of a stateful environment, by interacting with a system through a graphical user interface. Yet, this wide space of possibilities lacks a common structure for navigation. Work on programming systems fails to form a coherent body of research, making it hard to improve on past work and advance the state of the art. In computer science, much has been said and done to allow comparison of **programming languages**, yet no similar theory exists for *programming systems*; we believe that programming systems deserve a theory too. We present a framework of *technical dimensions* which capture the underlying characteristics of programming systems and provide a means for conceptualizing and comparing them. We identify technical dimensions by examining past influential programming systems and reviewing their design principles, technical capabilities, and styles of user interaction. Technical dimensions capture characteristics that may be studied, compared and advanced independently. This makes it possible to talk about programming systems in a way that can be shared and constructively debated rather than relying solely on personal impressions. Our framework is derived using a qualitative analysis of past programming systems. We outline two concrete ways of using our framework. First, we show how it can analyze a recently developed novel programming system. Then, we use it to identify an interesting unexplored point in the design space of programming systems. Much research effort focuses on building programming systems that are easier to use, accessible to non-experts, moldable and/or powerful, but such efforts are disconnected. They are informal, guided by the personal vision of their authors and thus are only evaluable and comparable on the basis of individual experience using them. By providing foundations for more systematic research, we can help programming systems researchers to stand, at last, on the shoulders of giants.
Black Boxes, White Noise: Similarity Detection for Neural Functions
Creators: name: Farmahinifarahani, Farima
name: Lopes, Cristina V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Similarity, or clone, detection has important applications in copyright violation, software theft, code search, and the detection of malicious components. There is now a good number of open source and proprietary clone detectors for programs written in traditional programming languages. However, the increasing adoption of deep learning models in software poses a challenge to these tools: these models implement functions that are inscrutable black boxes. As more software includes these DNN functions, new techniques are needed in order to assess the similarity between deep learning components of software. Previous work has unveiled techniques for comparing the representations learned at various layers of deep neural network models by feeding canonical inputs to the models. Our goal is to be able to compare DNN functions when canonical inputs are not available -- because they may not be in many application scenarios. The challenge, then, is to generate appropriate inputs and to identify a metric that, for those inputs, is capable of representing the degree of functional similarity between two comparable DNN functions. Our approach uses random input with values between -1 and 1, in a shape that is compatible with what the DNN models expect. We then compare the outputs by performing correlation analysis. Our study shows how it is possible to perform similarity analysis even in the absence of meaningful canonical inputs. The response to random inputs of two comparable DNN functions exposes those functions' similarity, or lack thereof. Of all the metrics tried, we find that Spearman's rank correlation coefficient is the most powerful and versatile, although in special cases other methods and metrics are more expressive. We present a systematic empirical study comparing the effectiveness of several similarity metrics using a dataset of 56,355 classifiers collected from GitHub. This is accompanied by a sensitivity analysis that reveals how certain models' training related properties affect the effectiveness of the similarity metrics. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that shows how similarity of DNN functions can be detected by using random inputs. Our study of correlation metrics, and the identification of Spearman correlation coefficient as the most powerful among them for this purpose, establishes a complete and practical method for DNN clone detection that can be used in the design of new tools. It may also serve as inspiration for other program analysis tasks whose approaches break in the presence of DNN components.
Electron – Phonon Interaction in Emerging Semiconductors
Creators: name: Singh, Ramji
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: This thesis is an investigation of the quantized normal mode of vibrations of the constituent atoms of semiconductors, referred to as phonons, and its effect on carrier transport and thermal conductivity of emerging semiconductors. Interaction of charge carriers with phonons is the dominant mechanism through which charge carriers exchange energy with the crystal lattice, hence their proper understanding becomes of prime importance while modelling carrier transport in a semiconductor. The phonon modes undergo significant modification as a result of dimensional confinement or presence of interfaces in semiconductors which must be taken into account while modelling their interaction with charge carriers. The carrier phonon interaction and phonon decay mechanisms are the main topic of study in this thesis applied to the case of emerging semiconductors which are wide band gap and in which electrons couple very strongly to the optical phonons. These emerging semiconductors are finding wide application in high power and high frequency applications. The main findings of this study are: (1) Surface acoustic phonon modelling by quantization of Rayleigh waves on the diamond surface has been done and its interaction with holes present in two dimensional hole gas on the surface has been performed. (2) A novel heterostructure consisting of cubic Boron Nitride and Diamond has been investigated to be used as a High Electron Mobility Transistor. Conditions of production of two dimensional electron gas and its interaction with surface acoustic phonons and remote polar phonon has been studied. (3) Modelling of acoustic phonon decay through three phonon process has been done for wurtzite crystals duly accounting for its anisotropy. Such study is fundamental for evaluation of thermal conductivity of the crystals. (4) Electric field velocity relations and other transport parameters have been evaluated for technologically important wurtzite and emerging cubic crystals under the purview of path integral mechanism (Thornber – Feynman polaron theory). The traditional relaxation time approach based on perturbative techniques breaks down in these materials which warrants use of non-perturbative path integral techniques .Correction factors have been obtained for Fermi’s golden rule to properly account for mobility of charge carriers. (5) Thornber – Feynman’s polaron theory has been extended to emerging two dimensional Transition Metal Di-Chalcogenides. It is demonstrated that Fermi’s golden rule breaks down in these strongly coupled materials. Electric field – velocity relations have been worked out along with carrier mobility. (6) Role of confined optical phonons is investigated in exciton generation for a quantum dot interacting with laser modelled as a classical light. This study forms a basis for qubit state preparation in quantum computing applications.
Heiner Marré/Dieter Schümmelfelder (Hg.), Essener Gespräche zum Thema Staat und Kirche
Publisher: name: Herder Korrespondenz
Year: 1970

description: Herder Korrespondenz, Bd. 49 Nr. 8 (1995): Herder Korrespondenz, Band 49, Heft 8
Essays in the Economics of Education
Creators: name: Chen, Jianhao
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: This thesis is composed of two chapters in the economics of education. The first chapter examines how Chinese import competition affected U.S. students choosing college majors between 1990 to 2014. Utilizing the geographic variation in import competition exposure, I find that the effects on college major choices are different across degree levels and measurements. I first show that commuting zones exposed to higher Chinese import competition had higher shares of associate degrees awarded in STEM and social science majors while lowering the business and STEM major shares in bachelor's degrees awarded. Given that Chinese import competition mainly decreased U.S. manufacturing employment, I then create a "manufacturing-related" major and show that Chinese import competition reduced the "manufacturing-related" major share at the bachelor's degree level but not at the associate degree level. I also find that effects are more prominent among female students. Next, I show that the effects on college completion and most college major level outcomes are insignificant and positive. Thus, I conclude that the reduction in the "manufacturing-related major" share at the bachelor's degree level comes from relatively more students choosing majors that prepare them for jobs in the non-manufacturing sector. The second chapter focuses on the effect of teacher preference for teaching local students on non-local students' educational and non-test score outcomes. Using a national representative Chinese middle school survey data and relying on the student-teacher random assignment rule as the identification strategy, I show that being assigned to a subject teacher with a preference for teaching classrooms with only or a majority of local students reduces non-local students' subject test scores by 0.09 of a standard deviation. Such effects are larger among 9th-grade students who feel more difficult to learn the subject and have fewer interactions with the subject teacher during class. However, I do not find significant impacts of having a homeroom teacher with such preference on non-local students' non-test score outcomes, including cognitive evaluation, emotional experience, school activities, or confidence about the future. If any, it reduced non-local students' sense of belonging. For example, they are less likely to agree that the classroom has a good atmosphere.