cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The effect of the Japan 2011 disaster on nuclear and alternative energy stocks worldwide: An event study
Creators: name: Ferstl, Robert
name: Utz, Sebastian
name: Wimmer, Maximilian
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Event study, Nuclear accidents, Fukushima-Daiichi, Fama-French model, Bootstrap
subject: 330 Wirtschaft
subject: G14
subject: G12
subject: G15

description: This event study investigates the impact of the Japanese nuclear disaster in Fukushima-Daiichi on the daily stock prices of German, French, Japanese and U.S. nuclear utility and alternative energy firms. Hypotheses regarding the (cumulative) abnormal returns based on a three-factor model are analyzed through joint tests by multivariate regression models and bootstrapping. Our results show significant abnormal returns for Japanese nuclear utility firms during the one-week event window and the subsequent four-week post-event window. Furthermore, while French and German nuclear utility and alternative energy stocks exhibit significant abnormal returns during the event window, we cannot confirm abnormal returns for U.S. stocks.
Moduli of continuity of local times of random walks on graphs in terms of the resistance metric
Creators: name: Croydon, David A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C81, 60J55

description: In this article, universal concentration estimates are established for the local times of random walks on weighted graphs in terms of the resistance metric. As a particular application of these, a modulus of continuity for local times is provided in the case when the graphs in question satisfy a certain volume growth condition with respect to the resistance metric. Moreover, it is explained how these results can be applied to self-similar fractals, for which they are shown to be useful for deriving scaling limits for local times and asymptotic bounds for the cover time distribution.
Optimal polygonal L1 linearization and fast interpolation of nonlinear systems
Creators: name: Gallego, Guillermo
name: Berjón, Daniel
name: García, Narciso
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The analysis of complex nonlinear systems is often carried out using simpler piecewise linear representations of them. A principled and practical technique is proposed to linearize and evaluate arbitrary continuous nonlinear functions using polygonal (continuous piecewise linear) models under the L1 norm. A thorough error analysis is developed to guide an optimal design of two kinds of polygonal approximations in the asymptotic case of a large budget of evaluation subintervals N. The method allows the user to obtain the level of linearization (N) for a target approximation error and vice versa. It is suitable for, but not limited to, an efficient implementation in modern Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), allowing real-time performance of computationally demanding applications. The quality and efficiency of the technique has been measured in detail on two nonlinear functions that are widely used in many areas of scientific computing and are expensive to evaluate
description: 10 pages, 9 figures, 1 table
Improved Approximation Algorithms for Box Contact Representations
Creators: name: Bekos, Michael A.
name: van Dijk, Thomas C.
name: Fink, Martin
name: Kindermann, Philipp
name: Kobourov, Stephen
name: Pupyrev, Sergey
name: Spoerhase, Joachim
name: Wolff, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study the following geometric representation problem: Given a graph whose vertices correspond to axis-aligned rectangles with fixed dimensions, arrange the rectangles without overlaps in the plane such that two rectangles touch if the graph contains an edge between them. This problem is called \textsc{Contact Representation of Word Networks} (\textsc{Crown}) since it formalizes the geometric problem behind drawing word clouds in which semantically related words are close to each other. \textsc{Crown} is known to be NP-hard, and there are approximation algorithms for certain graph classes for the optimization version, \textsc{Max-Crown}, in which realizing each desired adjacency yields a certain profit. We present the first $O(1)$-approximation algorithm for the general case, when the input is a complete weighted graph, and for the bipartite case. Since the subgraph of realized adjacencies is necessarily planar, we also consider several planar graph classes (namely stars, trees, outerplanar, and planar graphs), improving upon the known results. For some graph classes, we also describe improvements in the unweighted case, where each adjacency yields the same profit. Finally, we show that the problem is APX-hard on bipartite graphs of bounded maximum degree.
EPILOG WS 2018: Linking Simulation and Automation Infrastructure - A Study Based on the FMI and IEC 61499
Creators: name: Spiegel, Michael H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: The presentation was held as a nominee’s contribution to the Distinguished Young Alumnus/Alumna-Award of the Faculty of Informatics, Vienna University of Technology. It briefly outlines the topic of the corresponding diploma thesis which studies the interaction of IEC 61499-based controls and FMI-based models or tools.
Nesting record of Chilean parihuana (Phoenicopterus chilensis) in Salinas Lagoon , National Reserve of Salinas and Aguada Blanca, Arequipa
Creators: name: Luque-Fernandez, César R.
name: G. Anthony Pauca
name: Villegas, Luis N.
name: Caballero, Kenny
name: Jhon Machaca, C.
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2019

description: High Andean flamingos, also known as "parihuanas", are species of recurrent presence within the National Reserve of Salinas and Aguada Blanca (RNSAB), which find this area an important area for ​​rest and feeding. The species that are recorded here correspond to Phoenicoparrus jamesi (James’s (Puna) Flamingo), Phoenicoparrus andinus (Andean Flamingo) and Phoenicopterus chilensis (Chilean Flamingo), the latter being the most abundant and common within the RNSAB and specifically in the Salinas lagoon. There is reference to the fact that Chilean Flamingos reproduce every year in the Salinas lagoon, an event that has not been reported for more than two decades. In order to know the density and population fluctuations of these important flamingo species, the monthly censuses are carried out from 1999 to the present; since the 1980s, 70% of the Salinas lagoon has been concessioned for non-metallic mining activity, for the extraction of boron salts, and they implemented a mitigation plan that includes the levelling of the exploited areas and the existing environmental liabilities. Through the initial interpretation of the monthly censuses in each year of the seasonal behavior of the flamingo populations through direct observation, it is that in March 2018, a peculiar behavior was registered in the population of flamingos in the lagoon of Salinas, observing the typical mating behavior. Through remote sensing and the use of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), it is expected to confirm a reproductive event of flamingos in areas that have been disturbed and that maintains the impact of anthropic activity. After analyzing the images obtained (photographs), it was possible to confirm the presence of nests and eggs within the area; This area being one of the plots levelled by the mining company. Likewise, through the combination of remote sensing tools, the use of this equipment is proposed to improve the counting of these bird populations, given that, with the experience developed, no disturbance is generated; In addition, an algorithm is being developed that will help to count efficiently the individuals detected by the UAV.
Quantitative decay rates for dispersive solutions to the Einstein-scalar field system in spherical symmetry
Creators: name: Luk, Jonathan
name: Oh, Sung-Jin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we study the future causally geodesically complete solutions of the spherically symmetric Einstein-scalar field system. Under the a priori assumption that the scalar field $ϕ$ scatters locally in the scale-invariant bounded-variation (BV) norm, we prove that $ϕ$ and its derivatives decay polynomially. Moreover, we show that the decay rates are sharp. In particular, we obtain sharp quantitative decay for the class of global solutions with small BV norms constructed by Christodoulou. As a consequence of our results, for every future causally geodesically complete solution with sufficiently regular initial data, we show the dichotomy that either the sharp power law tail holds or that the spacetime blows up at infinity in the sense that some scale invariant spacetime norms blow up.
description: 63 pages, 2 figures. v2: version accepted for publication
Improved N-retention during L-carnitine-supplemented total parenteral nutrition
Creators: name: Bohles, H.
name: Segerer, Hugo
name: Fekl, W.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1984
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Amino Acids/administration & dosage
subject: Animals
subject: Calorimetry, Indirect
subject: Carnitine/blood
subject: Fat Emulsions, Intravenous/administration & dosage
subject: Glucose/administration & dosage
subject: Lipid Metabolism
subject: Lipids/blood
subject: Male
subject: Nitrogen/metabolism
subject: Oxidation-Reduction
subject: Parenteral Nutrition
subject: Parenteral Nutrition, Total
subject: Swine
subject: Swine, Miniature

description: The influence of intravenously administered L-carnitine on lipid- and nitrogen-metabolism was studied during total parenteral nutrition of piglets (mean weight 4077 g; n = 9). The infusion protocol was divided into three isocaloric and isonitrogenous 48-hr periods. Amino acids (3 g/kg day) were administered throughout all three periods: 140 cal/kg/day were given as nonprotein calories, consisting only of glucose during period 1; during periods 2 and 3, an amount of glucose calorically equivalent to 4 g fat/kg/day was substituted with a lipid emulsion, and L-carnitine (1.5 mg/kg/day) was added in period 3. Key parameters of fat- and nitrogen-metabolism were determined during the entire regime. Indirect calorimetry was performed and the respiratory quotient calculated during all three periods. The results demonstrate a more effective lipolysis and oxidation of fatty acids during L-carnitine supplementation. These changes produce an increased energy gain from exogenously administered fat and a distinct improvement in nitrogen balance.
description: Rechteübertragung 1966 – 1994
Nachweis erniedrigter Flußgeschwindigkeiten in der Arteria cerebri anterior bei Früh- und Neugeborenen sowie älteren Säuglingen mit Hirnblutungen mit Hilfe der gepulsten Dopplersonographie = Detection of reduced flow velocities in the anterior cerebral artery in premature and newborn infants and in older infants with cerebral hemorrhages using pulsed Doppler sonography
Creators: name: Deeg, K. H.
name: Rupprecht, T.
name: Segerer, Hugo
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1987
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Blood Flow Velocity
subject: Brain Ischemia/physiopathology
subject: Cerebral Arteries/physiopathology
subject: Cerebral Hemorrhage/physiopathology
subject: Cerebrovascular Circulation
subject: Echoencephalography
subject: Hematoma, Epidural, Cranial/physiopathology
subject: Hematoma, Subdural/physiopathology
subject: Humans
subject: Hydrocephalus/physiopathology
subject: Infant
subject: Infant, Newborn
subject: Infant, Premature, Diseases/physiopathology
subject: Prognosis
subject: Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/physiopathology

description: 34 infants with intracerebral haemorrhage (intraventricular haemorrhage 26; subdural haemorrhage 2; epidural haemorrhage 2; subarachnoidal haemorrhage 4) were investigated by pulsed Doppler-sonography. Absolute flow velocities were measured in the anterior cerebral arteries in infants with intracranial haemorrhage and compared with the flow velocities of a healthy control group of identical gestational age, actual age and weight. All flow velocities were significantly reduced in premature and full-term infants with intracranial haemorrhage, whereas the pulsatility-index was significantly increased. 10 infants with severe intracranial haemorrhage developed a shunt-depending posthaemorrhagic hydrocephalus. These children showed a significant reduction of all flow velocities in the anterior cerebral arteries in comparison to the healthy control group. The diastolic forward flow was more reduced than the maximal systolic velocity resulting in a significant increase of the pulsatility index. In rapidly progressive hydrocephalus, often no diastolic flow or even a retrograde diastolic flow could be found. After shunt-implantation normalisation of the flow velocities could be observed. Reduced flow velocities could be observed. Reduced flow velocities in the anterior cerebral arteries in infants with subdural, epidural and subarachnoidal haemorrhage were associated with a bad outcome: 1 infant died, 1 infant developed severe leucomalacia, and 1 infant showed atrophy of one cerebral hemisphere. Normal flow velocities in the intracranial arteries in subdural, epidural and subarachnoidal were associated with a favourable prognosis. Absent or even retrograde diastolic flow indicates a dramatic decrease of cerebral perfusion. The longer the pathologic flow patterns were demonstrable the worse was prognosis.
Reduktion von Hirnblutung und Atemnotsyndrom bei Frühgeborenen durch Vermeidung einer perinatalen Asphyxie = Reduction of cerebral hemorrhage and respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants by avoiding perinatal asphyxia
Creators: name: Segerer, Hugo
name: Landendörfer, W.
name: Deeg, K. H.
name: Richter, K.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1988
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Asphyxia Neonatorum/prevention & control
subject: Birth Weight
subject: Cerebral Hemorrhage/prevention & control
subject: Cerebral Ventricles
subject: Dexamethasone/administration & dosage
subject: Gestational Age
subject: Humans
subject: Infant, Newborn
subject: Infant, Premature, Diseases/prevention & control
subject: Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/prevention & control
subject: Risk Factors

description: Intra- and periventricular haemorrhage (IVH/PVH) and, under certain conditions, the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) seem to be typical sequelae of perinatal asphyxia in preterm born infants. Therefore, an association of IVH/PVH and RDS can be expected. We have retrospectively analyzed the data of 118 premature infants born between 1982 and 1986, weighing between 750 and 1499 g. 11 of these had experienced a severe IVH/PVH and a severe RDS at the same time, whereas 75 infants did not develop either of those. (2 of the 118 showed a severe IVH/PVH without evidence of severe RDS whereas 29 developed severe RDS without signs of serious IVH/PVH. 1 could not be evaluated due to missing data). This association of severe intracerebral haemorrhage and severe respiratory distress syndrome was statistically significant (p less than 0.005). The number of severe IVH/PVH has decreased during 1984-1986 in comparison to 1982/83 (4/76 vs. 9/42; p less than 0.05); the incidence of severe RDS has slightly declined. Comparing the perinatal conditions we found that the infants of the years 1984-1986 were more rarely delivered after an interval exceeding 24 h after premature rupture of the membranes (p less than 0.05), were more often delivered by caesarean section (p less than 0.005), and were nearly always primarily cared for by an experienced paediatrician (p less than 0.01). There were no significant differences between these two groups as far as dexamethasone-prophylaxis, mean birth weight, percentage of small-for-gestational-age infants and mean Apgar scores were concerned.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
title: Editorial
Creators: name: Connelly, Graham
Publisher: name: Strathprints - University of Strathclyde
Year: 2013

description: The first issue of the Scottish Journal of Residential Child Care (SJRCC) was published, in hard-copy format, and posted out to subscribers, on 18 August 2002. Eleven years later, and after a short sabbatical to take stock, SJRCC is back, refreshed and available as a free-to-download online journal.
Verhütung von Komplikationen bei congenitalen Zwerchfelldefekten = Prevention of complications in congenital diaphragmatic defects
Creators: name: Hümmer, H. P.
name: Segerer, Hugo
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1986
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Extracorporeal Circulation
subject: Female
subject: Hemodynamics
subject: Hernia, Diaphragmatic/surgery
subject: Humans
subject: Infant, Newborn
subject: Intraoperative Complications/prevention & control
subject: Male
subject: Postoperative Complications/prevention & control
subject: Preoperative Care/methods
subject: Prognosis
subject: Respiration, Artificial

description: The mortality rate from congenital diaphragmatic hernia is not much better than it was 25 years ago. Most children, who are more than 24 hours of age at operation, survive. On the first day of life postoperative mortality is about 47%. Pediatric surgical problems are stabilization of the diaphragm and abdominal decompression. Some risk patients may be brought out of the fatal zone by high frequency ventilatory support and pharmacologic reversal of the fetal circulation. The most important causes of death are pulmonary hypoplasia with abnormal pulmonary vascular reactivity and persistent fetal circulation, iatrogenic pneumothorax, interstitial emphysema, mediastinal shifting with subsequent pulmonary hypertension and right to left shunting, and associated cardiac malformations.
Increased cerebral blood flow velocities in newborn infants of smoking mothers
Creators: name: Abdul-Khaliq, H.
name: Segerer, Hugo
name: Luck, W.
name: Obladen, Michael
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Birth Weight
subject: Blood Flow Velocity
subject: Blood Pressure
subject: Cerebrovascular Circulation
subject: Cotinine/urine
subject: Creatinine/urine
subject: Female
subject: Humans
subject: Infant, Newborn
subject: Pregnancy
subject: Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
subject: Smoking

description: Cerebral blood flow velocities (CBFV) were measured by the pulsed Doppler method in 41 infants of smoking mothers and in 59 apparently healthy control infants. Although gestational age, birth weight, and systolic blood pressure were lower in infants exposed to tobacco smoke prenatally, systolic (65 +/- 11 vs. 47 +/- 12 cm/s, mean +/- SD; P < 0.001), mean (36 +/- 6 vs. 25 +/- 6 cm/s; P < 0.001), and diastolic (17 +/- 4 vs 13 +/- 4 cm/s; P < 0.001) CBFVs in the anterior cerebral artery were significantly higher when compared to control infants. Similar differences were seen in the internal carotid and in the basilar arteries. Multiple regression analysis did not reveal differences other than maternal smoking to explain these observations. We conclude that prenatal tobacco smoke exposure is related to increased CBFVs in newborn infants. Further studies should determine whether this relation is not only statistical but causal and whether increased CBFVs are an indicator of prolonged effects of prenatal tobacco smoke exposure.
D2.7 - Transparency Framework V2
Creators: name: Sabrina Kirrane (WU)
name: Uroš Milošević (TF)
name: Javier D.  Fernández  (WU
name: Axel Polleres (WU)
name: Jonathan  Langens (TF)
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Privacy, GDPR, transparency, compliance

description: This deliverable aims to define the scope of the SPECIAL transparency and compliance framework, which is used to guide the implementation of the SPECIAL platform and components, and also serves as a reference point for the open research challenges that we address in SPECIAL and how they relate to one another.
An undergraduate research experience in earth science education that benefits pre-service teachers and in-service earth science teachers
Creators: name: Ebert, James R.
name: Dolphin, Glenn
name: Bischoff, Paul
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Three cohorts of six pre-service Earth Science teachers (undergraduate majors in Earth Science Education) participated in summer research experiences focused on developing dynamic physical models of Earth processes to help middle and high school students understand complex concepts and confront misconceptions. The pre-service teachers used published criteria for evaluating models. Participants deepened their understanding of specific Earth Science concepts and broadened their perceptions of effective, student-centered, constructivist pedagogical practices through the use of models and model-based learning. Our pre-service Earth Science teachers achieved the same benefits that STEM majors report from their undergraduate research experiences, including better understanding of the nature of science, gains in problem-solving and communication skills, increased confidence, collaborative skills and comfort in working independently. Evaluation of the research experience via the Undergraduate Research Student Self-Assessment indicated that pre-service teachers reported higher gains than STEM majors in nearly all categories. The pre-service teachers presented the results of their projects to in-service teachers in professional development workshops at a science teachers’ conference. In-service teachers’ responses to these workshops were uniformly positive (98.2%; n = 57). Unlike most professional development activities in which participants benefit, but presenters may not, these professional development activities benefited participants and presenters alike.
Crohn's disease in cystic fibrosis
Creators: name: Behrens, R.
name: Segerer, Hugo
name: Böwing, B.
name: Bender, S. W.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1989
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Adolescent
subject: Crohn Disease/diagnosis
subject: Cystic Fibrosis/diagnosis
subject: Diagnosis, Differential
subject: Female
subject: Humans
subject: Infant
subject: Male

description: We report on three patients suffering from cystic fibrosis (CF) who developed gastrointestinal symptoms of Crohn's disease (CD). Two patients developed enteroenteric or enterocutaneous fistulas. The diagnosis of CD is based on typical endoscopic, radiologic, and histological features of epithelioid granulomas in two children.
Surfactant protein A in the course of respiratory distress syndrome
Creators: name: Stevens, P. A.
name: Schadow, B.
name: Bartholain, S.
name: Segerer, Hugo
name: Obladen, Michael
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
subject: Female
subject: Humans
subject: Infant, Newborn
subject: Male
subject: Proteolipids/analysis
subject: Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein A
subject: Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Proteins
subject: Pulmonary Surfactants/analysis
subject: Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/metabolism
subject: Sensitivity and Specificity
subject: Trachea/metabolism

description: Surfactant-associated protein (SP-A) was measured in tracheal aspirates of ventilated infants with (n = 51) and without (n = 21) respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). SP-A concentrations in samples collected after birth were significantly lower in RDS than in infants ventilated for other reasons than RDS (median 0.03 vs. 1.60 micrograms/ml). As a biochemical test to diagnose RDS early after birth, the sensitivity of measuring SP-A in tracheal aspirates was 87% and specificity 81%. SP-A content in tracheal aspirates of infants with RDS was monitored during the first 7 days of life. A significant (P less than 0.001) increase within the first 4 days was found in those infants who survived, whereas no such change was found in those infants who died.
Efficacy and safety of recombinant human erythropoietin to prevent the anaemias of prematurity. European Randomized Multicenter Trial
Creators: name: Obladen, Michael
name: Maier, R.
name: Segerer, Hugo
name: Grauel, E. L.
name: Holland, B. M.
name: Stewart, G. C.
name: Jorch, G.
name: Rabe, H.
name: Linderkamp, O.
name: Hoffmann, H. G.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1991
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Anemia/prevention & control
subject: Erythropoiesis/drug effects
subject: Erythropoietin/therapeutic use
subject: Female
subject: Humans
subject: Infant, Newborn
subject: Infant, Premature, Diseases/prevention & control
subject: Male
subject: Recombinant Proteins/therapeutic use

description: ISBN 978-3-8055-5272-1
Surfactant substitution in ventilated very low birth weight infants: factors related to response types
Creators: name: Segerer, Hugo
name: Stevens, P.
name: Schadow, B.
name: Maier, R.
name: Kattner, E.
name: Schwarz, H.
name: Curstedt, T.
name: Robertson, B.
name: Obladen, Michael
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1991
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Biological Products
subject: Ductus Arteriosus, Patent/complications
subject: Female
subject: Humans
subject: Infant, Low Birth Weight
subject: Infant, Newborn
subject: Infant, Premature
subject: Male
subject: Oxygen
subject: Phospholipids
subject: Prognosis
subject: Pulmonary Surfactants/therapeutic use
subject: Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/drug therapy

description: We investigated factors than may influence the response to surfactant substitution. Thirty-five very low birth weight infants with respiratory distress syndrome were treated with Curosurf at 3-12 h of age. From the changes in oxygenation, the therapeutic response was categorized as rapid and sustained, rapid with relapse, or poor. Phospholipids and surfactant protein A were quantified in gastric aspirate samples obtained immediately after birth. They showed that 16 infants had accelerated lung maturity, despite clinical and radiologic signs of respiratory distress syndrome. Ten of them had suffered from birth asphyxia or connatal infection. Nevertheless, 12 of these 16 infants responded rapidly to surfactant substitution. Poor response was seen in four infants with connatal infection. Of 19 infants with immature lung profile, 18 showed a rapid initial response to surfactant substitution. Dynamic compliance of the respiratory system or arterial blood pressure before substitution, the ultrastructure of the surfactant preparation, or persistence of the ductus arteriosus did not influence the response type, but fraction of inspired oxygen was higher before surfactant substitution in infants with poor response. Prognosis was related to short-term response: Of 17 infants who showed a rapid and sustained response, none died, whereas eight of 18 infants with relapse after rapid initial response or poor response died (p less than 0.05). We conclude that surfactant substitution may be beneficial not only in babies with primary surfactant deficiency but also in other pulmonary disorders that are common in very low birth weight infants. The type of response may be of prognostic value.
Surfactantsubstitution beim sehr kleinen Frühgeborenen= Surfactant substitution in very small premature infants
Creators: name: Obladen, Michael
name: Segerer, Hugo
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1991
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Combined Modality Therapy
subject: Follow-Up Studies
subject: Humans
subject: Infant, Newborn
subject: Pulmonary Surfactants/administration & dosage
subject: Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/therapy
subject: Survival Rate

description: In addition to the established treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome by oxygen supplementation, artificial ventilation and thermoneutrality, substitution of surfactant offers a new therapeutic perspective. Up to now, either artificial mixtures of surface active components or surfactant extracts from minced animal lungs, lung lavage fluid, or human amniotic fluid have been used in controlled trials of prophylactic and rescue surfactant treatment. Meta-analysis of controlled prevention trials including about 2,400 preterm infants shows decreased mortality (21% in controls, 9.5% in infants treated with natural preparations, p less than 0.001; 17% in controls, 11% in infants treated with artificial preparations, p less than 0.001) and fewer complications of artificial ventilation (pneumothorax: 24 vs. 7.2% with natural preparations, p less than 0.001; 20 vs. 15% with artificial preparations, p less than 0.05). In rescue studies on more than 1,900 preterm infants, natural surfactant preparations decreased complications of artificial ventilation such as pulmonary interstitial emphysema and pneumothorax (32 vs. 13%, p less than 0.001). Although the immediate effect of artificial preparations is mild, the incidence of pneumothorax also could be reduced (30 vs. 19%, p less than 0.001). Mortality could be reduced by 1/3 with natural (31 vs. 20%, p less than 0.001) and with artificial preparations (23 vs. 16%, p less than 0.01). The incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and intracerebral hemorrhage, however, did not drop significantly. Severe adverse side effects of this treatment seem to be rare. There are, however, potential hazards of surfactant substitution. Its use should be restricted to fully staffed and equipped neonatal intensive care units.
Participatory approaches enhance a sense of urgency and collective efficacy about climate change: Qualitative evidence from the world climate simulation
Creators: name: Hensel, Margaret
name: Bryan, Jovan
name: McCarthy, Carolyn
name: McNeal, Karen S.
name: Norfles, Nicole
name: Rath, Kenneth
name: Rooney-Varga, Juliette N.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Despite clear scientific evidence to support an urgent need to cut greenhouse gas emissions, societal action remains inadequate to meet international climate goals. New approaches in climate change communication are needed to motivate climate action. World Climate is an interactive, engaging, and socially rich role-play simulation that challenges participants to negotiate a climate agreement to limit warming to 2 °C above pre-industrial levels. During the simulation, participants use a computer model, C-ROADS, to test their greenhouse gas emissions decisions and get immediate feedback on the resulting expected climate outcomes. In 2019, several programs that assist high school and college students who come from disadvantaged backgrounds implemented the World Climate simulation. In total, 39 participants who displayed the largest gains in their sense of urgency about climate change, measured through pre- and post-simulation surveys, were invited to participate in a semi-structured interview regarding their experience. Twelve individuals from four different simulation sessions were interviewed, and their responses were transcribed and categorized into codes. Results from this study show that interviewees attributed gains in their climate change risk perception to the simulation and also experienced gains in collective efficacy as a result. We constructed a causal loop diagram to visualize relationships between aspects of the simulation and gains in climate change beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors based on interview data. Insights from this qualitative study show that group deliberation guided by interaction with a model are important components to increasing urgency and climate action for the subset of the population interviewed.
Surfactant bolus instillation: effects of different doses on blood pressure and cerebral blood flow velocities
Creators: name: Rey, M.
name: Segerer, Hugo
name: Kiessling, C.
name: Obladen, Michael
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Blood Flow Velocity/drug effects
subject: Blood Pressure/drug effects
subject: Cerebrovascular Circulation/drug effects
subject: Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
subject: Female
subject: Humans
subject: Infant, Newborn
subject: Male
subject: Pulmonary Surfactants/therapeutic use
subject: Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/drug therapy

description: Fifteen preterm infants suffering from respiratory distress syndrome were randomly allocated to receive either high-dose (200 mg/kg) or low-dose (100 mg/kg) surfactant treatment. Retreatments were done with the low dose. Blood pressure, blood gases and cerebral blood flow velocities were determined before and after 24 bolus instillations. With the high dose mean blood pressure and mean cerebral blood flow velocity dropped significantly. With the low dose only mean cerebral blood flow velocity decreased; the course was unrelated to blood pressure or PCO2 fluctuations. The mechanisms leading to the observed circulatory changes after surfactant instillation remain unclear.
Astrophysical Shrapnel: Discriminating Among Near-Earth Stellar Explosion Sources of Live Radioactive Isotopes
Creators: name: Fry, Brian J.
name: Fields, Brian D.
name: Ellis, John R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the production and deposition on Earth of isotopes with half-lives in the range 10$^{5}$ to 10$^{8}$ years that might provide signatures of nearby stellar explosions, extending previous analyses of Core-Collapse Supernovae (CCSNe) to include Electron-Capture Supernovae (ECSNe), Super-Asymptotic Giant Branch (SAGBs) stars, Thermonuclear/Type Ia Supernovae (TNSNe), and Kilonovae/Neutron Star Mergers (KNe). We revisit previous estimates of the $^{60}$Fe and $^{26}$Al signatures, and extend these estimates to include $^{244}$Pu and $^{53}$Mn. We discuss interpretations of the $^{60}$Fe signals in terrestrial and lunar reservoirs in terms of a nearby stellar ejection ~2.2 Myr ago, showing that (i) the $^{60}$Fe yield rules out the TNSN and KN interpretations, (ii) the $^{60}$Fe signals highly constrain a SAGB interpretation but do not completely them rule out, (iii) are consistent with a CCSN origin, and (iv) are highly compatible with an ECSN interpretation. Future measurements could resolve the radioisotope deposition over time, and we use the Sedov blast wave solution to illustrate possible time-resolved profiles. Measuring such profiles would independently probe the blast properties including distance, and would provide additional constraints the nature of the explosion.
description: 38 pages, 6 figures. Comments welcome
Do students develop teamwork skills during geoscience fieldwork? A case study of a hydrogeology field course
Creators: name: Nyarko, Samuel Cornelius
name: Petcovic, Heather L.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Teamwork has been identified as an essential employability skill and learning outcome in the geosciences, especially during fieldwork. Although specific teamwork skills have been identified in prior research, few studies to date have addressed how students develop or use these skills during their educational preparation in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) disciplines, including the geosciences. In this paper, we use a descriptive, qualitative embedded, single-case study to explore how geoscience students develop teamwork skills during a hydrogeology field course in the absence of any explicit instruction about teamwork, using a theoretical lens of input-process-output taxonomy of teamwork skills. We collected data using the Geoscience Teamwork Observation (GTO) protocol and verified findings against focus group discussions held after each week of team observations. We identified that students do use a wide range of teamwork skills in the absence of instruction on teamwork, and these skills changed across different teams and under different contexts during fieldwork. Student teams most frequently used skills of communication, leadership, peer-mentoring and teaching, and coordination. Skills related to goal identification, information synthesis and organizational management were utilized least often. We recommend instructional strategies that explicitly treat teamwork skills as learning outcomes, prior teaching of teamwork as part of fieldwork, and using observations as a strategy for teaching and assessing teamwork during fieldwork. We also provide a shared approach for evaluating teamwork skills to enhance workforce preparation and draw attention to key issues relating to creating effective teamwork outcomes during fieldwork.
One-loop decays ${A^0} \to ZZ, Zγ, γγ$ within the 2HDM and its search at the LHC
Creators: name: Diaz-Cruz, J. L.
name: Honorato, C. G.
name: Orduz-Ducuara, J. A.
name: Perez, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The general two-higgs doublet model (2HDM) contains a rich spectrum of neutral and charged Higgs bosons, whose detection would be a clear signal of new physics. When the Higgs potential is CP-conserving, the spectrum includes a pseudoscalar mass eigenstate $A^{0}$, which does not couple to vector bosons at tree-level. However, fermionic loops (top and bottom mainly) induce the coupling $AVV'$ (with $V,V'=γ, Z$) at higher orders. We evaluate the amplitude for the decays ${A^0} \to ZZ, Zγ, γγ$, including a generic fermionic loop contribution, and present results on the branching ratios for 2HDM-I,II and III. Current LHC searches on heavy Higgs bosons are used as an estimate to constrain the allowed mass range for $A^0$.
description: 19 pages, 8 figures, This article has been accepted for publication in Physical Review D
Entanglement recovery in noisy binary quantum information protocols via three-qubit quantum error correction codes
Creators: name: Morea, Alessio
name: Notarnicola, Michele N.
name: Olivares, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The task of preserving entanglement against noises is of crucial importance for both quantum communication and quantum information transfer. To this aim, quantum error correction (QEC) codes may be employed to compensate, at least partially, the detriments induced by environmental noise that can be modelled as a bit-flip or a phase-flip error channel. In this paper we investigate the effects of the simple three-qubit QEC codes to restore entanglement and nonlocality in a two-qubit system and consider two practical applications: superdense coding and quantum teleportation. Though the considered three-qubit QEC codes are known to perfectly work in the presence of very small noise, we show that they can avoid the sudden death of entanglement and improve the performance of the addressed protocols also for larger noise amplitudes.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures
Tangle Machines
Creators: name: Carmi, Avishy Y.
name: Moskovich, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: H.1.1; F.0
subject: 94A15, 81P68, 57M99

description: Tangle machines are topologically inspired diagrammatic models. Their novel feature is their natural notion of equivalence. Equivalent tangle machines may differ locally, but globally they are considered to share the same information content. The goal of tangle machine equivalence is to provide a context-independent method to select, from among many ways to perform a task, the `best' way to perform the task. The concept of equivalent tangle machines is illustrated through examples in which they represent recursive computations, networks of adiabatic quantum computations, and networks of distributed information processing.
description: 29 pages, 37 figures. Major revision. Introduction rewritten. Definitions simplified, with the Gauss diagram definition pushed to an appendix. Previous appendix removed
Analysis of category level performance on the Praxis® earth and space science: Content knowledge test: Implications for professional learning
Creators: name: Ndembera, Rachel
name: Ray, Herman E.
name: Shah, Lisa
name: Rushton, Gregory T.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: A large body of work has shown that science teacher knowledge is one of the most fundamental components of effective teaching and learning. Our study analyzes the Praxis® Earth and Space Science Content Knowledge Test (ESS CKT) from May 2006 to June 2016. We present one of the largest datasets comprising 11,273 ESS teacher candidates in order to provide information about their demonstrated ESS CK. Understanding that the benefits associated with teacher retention outweigh the cost of hiring new teachers, our results can be used to design targeted professional learning (PL) experiences for pre- and inservice teachers. Findings from this study are particularly useful while planning inservice topic specific PL for teachers pre- and inservice ESS teachers by answering the following research questions (1) How have examinees performed as a whole in each category on the Praxis® ESS CKT? (2) Which personal and/or professional characteristics are most associated with examinee performance in each category and how does this inform professional learning? Examinee performance at the category level was analyzed through a five-part process: 1. Confirmatory Factor Analysis: 2. Percent correct; 3. Regression; 4. ANOVA; 5. Scaled points lost. Our findings revealed that examinees demonstrated strongest performance in the topics assessing Earth’s Atmosphere & Hydrosphere, Earth Materials & Surface Processes, and Tectonics & Internal Earth Processes and identity History of the Earth and its Life-Forms as topics in need of support. Across categories, we found differences in achievement associated with undergraduate major, gender, and ethnicity. Test-takers with geoscience majors consistently lost fewer points than their out-of-field counterparts, that men outperformed women in the study, and White test-takers lost fewer scaled points than Black and Hispanic candidates. Our recommendations include reviewing our results for alignment with state standards in order to develop comprehensive CK development that will be used as an anchor for focused support on those topics where test-takers tend to demonstrate lowest proficiency.
Universal features of exit probability in opinion dynamics models with domain size dependent dynamics
Creators: name: Roy, Parna
name: Biswas, Soham
name: Sen, Parongama
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the exit probability for several binary opinion dynamics models in one dimension in which the opinion state (represented by $\pm 1$) of an agent is determined by dynamical rules dependent on the size of its neighbouring domains. In all these models, we find the exit probability behaves like a step function in the thermodynamic limit. In a finite system of size $L$, the exit probability $E(x)$ as a function of the initial fraction $x$ of one type of opinion is given by $E(x) = f[(x-x_c)L^{1/ν}]$ with a universal value of $ν= 2.5 \pm 0.03$. The form of the scaling function is also universal: $f(y) = [\tanh(λy +c) +1]/2$, where $λ$ is found to be dependent on the particular dynamics. The variation of $λ$ against the parameters of the models is studied. $c$ is non-zero only when the dynamical rule distinguishes between $\pm 1$ states; comparison with theoretical estimates in this case shows very good agreement.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures, Published in JPhys A
General phenomenology of ionization from aligned molecular ensembles
Creators: name: Hockett, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single and multi-photon ionization of aligned molecular ensembles is examined, with a particular focus on the link between the molecular axis distribution and observable in various angle-integrated and angle-resolved measurements. To maintain generality the problem is treated geometrically, with the aligned ensemble cast in terms of axis distribution moments, and the response of observables in terms of couplings to these moments. Within this formalism the angular momentum coupling is treated analytically, allowing for general characteristics - independent of the details of the ionization dynamics of a specific molecule - to be determined. Limiting cases are explored in order to provide a phenomenology which should be readily applicable to a range of experimental measurements, and illustrate how observables can be sensitive to fine details of the alignment, i.e. higher-order moments of the axis distribution, which are often neglected in experimental studies. We hope that this detailed and comprehensive treatment will bridge the gap between existing theoretical and experimental works, and provide both quantitative physical insights and a useful general phenomenology for researchers working with aligned molecular ensembles.
description: 23 pages, 14 figures, 2 tables