cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Rebuilding life after a brain injury: Do social comparisons help patients cope?
Creators: name: Arnold, Miriam Courtney
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This was the first study to examine the social comparison process in brain-injured patients. Patients participating in rehabilitation were asked how they were coping in comparison to others and whether they preferred information about another patient who was "worse-off" or "better-off" across different domains (e.g., coping, physical functioning, ability to work). They also rated their mood and motivation after listening to a well adjusted (i.e., UT: upward target) and poorly adjusted target (i.e., DT, downward target). Patients made favorable comparisons when forced to compare. Preferences for comparison information varied based on the specific domain, due, perhaps to the perceived controllability or esteem-relevance of the domain. Forced exposure to the DT resulted in more negative affect as compared to exposure to the UT. Individual differences in perceived control determined affective responses to the DT and UT, such that higher levels of control were associated with less negative affect following either target and more positive affect following the UT. The inclusion of multiple measures provides an overview of the comparison process in a rehabilitation setting. Taken together, the results suggest that rehabilitation professionals should not offer comparison information unless they consider the specific domain and individual differences in perceived control. Future studies might examine the comparison process over time and use behavioral measures of persistence.
Multiverse cosmological models
Creators: name: Davies, P. C. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent advances in string theory and inflationary cosmology have led to a surge of interest in the possible existence of an ensemble of cosmic regions, or universes, among the members of which key physical parameters, such as the masses of elementary particles and the coupling constants, might assume different values. The observed values in our cosmic region are then attributed to an observer selection effect (the so-called anthropic principle). The assemblage of universes has been dubbed the multiverse. In this paper I review the multiverse concept and the criticisms that have been advanced against it on both scientific and philosophical grounds.
description: 15 pages, no figures, review paper
Eleodes (Blapylis) snowi Blaisdell 1909
Creators: name: Johnston, M. Andrew
name: Fleming, David
name: Franz, Nico M.
name: Smith, Aaron D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Tenebrionidae
Eleodes
Eleodes snowi

description: Eleodes (Blapylis) snowi Blaisdell, 1909
(Fig. 13C)
 Diagnosis. Body elongate, rather parallel-sided. Pronotum with disc densely punctate, punctures becoming tubercles in lateral quarter of disc, lateral margins strongly arcuate, widest just anterior of middle, posterior margin narrower than anterior margin. Elytra entirely and evenly covered in rounded tubercles. Profemora unarmed. Probasitarsis with pad of tomentose setae interrupting plantar surface apically. Propleura entirely and evenly tuberculate.
 Distribution. Coconino County, Arizona. New Mexico, Colorado, Utah.
 Remarks. We have seen only a single specimen of E. snowi from Arizona. Many specimens determined as such are actually E. orophilus, which is apparently much more common. The striking tuburculate elytra clearly separate this species from E. orophilus, and the shape of the pronotum as well as larger size separates it from E. pimelioides, which are the two most similar species in the region.
description: Published as part of Johnston, M. Andrew, Fleming, David, Franz, Nico M. & Smith, Aaron D., 2015, Amphidorini Leconte (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) of Arizona: Keys and Species Accounts, pp. 27-54 in The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 14) (mo 14) 69 on pages 49-50, DOI: 0.1649/0010-065X-69.mo4.27, http://zenodo.org/record/10086147
Sterile neutrinos and neutrinoless double beta decay in effective field theory
Creators: name: Dekens, Wouter
name: de Vries, Jordy
name: Fuyuto, Kaori
name: Mereghetti, Emanuele
name: Zhou, Guanghui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate neutrinoless double beta decay ($0νββ$) in the presence of sterile neutrinos with Majorana mass terms. These gauge-singlet fields are allowed to interact with Standard-Model (SM) fields via renormalizable Yukawa couplings as well as higher-dimensional gauge-invariant operators up to dimension seven in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory extended with sterile neutrinos. At the GeV scale, we use Chiral effective field theory involving sterile neutrinos to connect the operators at the level of quarks and gluons to hadronic interactions involving pions and nucleons. This allows us to derive an expression for $0νββ$ rates for various isotopes in terms of phase-space factors, hadronic low-energy constants, nuclear matrix elements, the neutrino masses, and the Wilson coefficients of higher-dimensional operators. The needed hadronic low-energy constants and nuclear matrix elements depend on the neutrino masses, for which we obtain interpolation formulae grounded in QCD and chiral perturbation theory that improve existing formulae that are only valid in a small regime of neutrino masses. The resulting framework can be used directly to assess the impact of $0νββ$ experiments on scenarios with light sterile neutrinos and should prove useful in global analyses of sterile-neutrino searches. We perform several phenomenological studies of $0νββ$ in the presence of sterile neutrinos with and without higher-dimensional operators. We find that non-standard interactions involving sterile neutrinos have a dramatic impact on $0νββ$ phenomenology, and next-generation experiments can probe such interactions up to scales of $\mathcal O(100)$ TeV.
description: 83 pages, 13 figures. Matches version accepted for publication in JHEP
$D_{00}$ Propagator in the Coulomb Gauge
Creators: name: Andraši, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The time-time component of the gluon propagator in the Coulomb gauge is believed to provide a long-range confining force. We give the result, including finite parts, for the $ D_{00} $ propagator to order $ g^2 $ in the Coulomb gauge.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, revised version, accepted for publication in Europhysics Letters
Exploring cultural ways of being and school achievement
Creators: name: Clark, Marc D.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This investigation used a cultural capital framework developed by Stanton-Salazar to address the role school culture plays in explaining school achievement in an urban high poverty school, Garvey Elementary School (pseud), serving African American families. That framework outlines six forms of social support available at schools that help minority and working class youths overcome barriers to accumulating social capital. The main Research Question was: Are cultural factors that contribute to elementary school achievement ("cultural ways of being") able to account for achievement among African American students in a high poverty, elementary school?; Sub-questions are: (1) Do relatively high achieving children demonstrate less "institutionalized distrust and detachment" and more help seeking behavior than their lower achieving counterparts? (2) Do teachers demonstrate the forms of institutional support in Stanton-Salazar's (1997) framework? (3) Does school leadership play a major or minor role in everyday interactions that teach forms of institutional discourse among teachers, counselors, and students? (4) Do teachers, and students perceive "parent involvement" in divergent or convergent ways?; The investigation identified sociocultural phenomena as themes derived from coding categories of observations, interviews, and document analysis. Observations showed that high achievers demonstrated trust and asked questions more frequently. Teachers showed all six forms of support and both principals played major roles in modeling institutional forms of discourse embedded in a Garvey "way of being."; Neighborhood and school-based adults shared a consensus on desired socialization outcomes, though they perceived parent involvement in divergent ways. This exploration of the school's culture tentatively offers an alternative explanatory model that counters Ogbu's cultural ecological explanations for minority underachievement. Many students at Garvey remain optimistic, in contrast to Ogbu's assertion of deficits in "effort optimism" that diminish motivation to achieve. The cultural model employs four constructs: flexible control, attunement, trust, and continuity. These variables are theorized to reduce stress, disruptive behaviors, absenteeism (teacher and student), and performance anxiety while increasing students' time on task and emotional competence. Future research should focus on attending to local cultures as a means to improve professional development and implement planned changes.
Wehrl entropy, Lieb conjecture and entanglement monotones
Creators: name: Mintert, Florian
name: Zyczkowski, Karol
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose to quantify the entanglement of pure states of $N \times N$ bipartite quantum system by defining its Husimi distribution with respect to $SU(N)\times SU(N)$ coherent states. The Wehrl entropy is minimal if and only if the pure state analyzed is separable. The excess of the Wehrl entropy is shown to be equal to the subentropy of the mixed state obtained by partial trace of the bipartite pure state. This quantity, as well as the generalized (R{é}nyi) subentropies, are proved to be Schur--convex, so they are entanglement monotones and may be used as alternative measures of entanglement.
Exploring cultural ways of being and school achievement
Creators: name: Clark, Marc D.
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 39
subject: Education
classificationCode: 3902
subject: Education policy, sociology and philosophy

description: This investigation used a cultural capital framework developed by Stanton-Salazar to address the role school culture plays in explaining school achievement in an urban high poverty school, Garvey Elementary School (pseud), serving African American families. That framework outlines six forms of social support available at schools that help minority and working class youths overcome barriers to accumulating social capital. The main Research Question was: Are cultural factors that contribute to elementary school achievement ("cultural ways of being") able to account for achievement among African American students in a high poverty, elementary school?; Sub-questions are: (1) Do relatively high achieving children demonstrate less "institutionalized distrust and detachment" and more help seeking behavior than their lower achieving counterparts? (2) Do teachers demonstrate the forms of institutional support in Stanton-Salazar's (1997) framework? (3) Does school leadership play a major or minor role in everyday interactions that teach forms of institutional discourse among teachers, counselors, and students? (4) Do teachers, and students perceive "parent involvement" in divergent or convergent ways?; The investigation identified sociocultural phenomena as themes derived from coding categories of observations, interviews, and document analysis. Observations showed that high achievers demonstrated trust and asked questions more frequently. Teachers showed all six forms of support and both principals played major roles in modeling institutional forms of discourse embedded in a Garvey "way of being."; Neighborhood and school-based adults shared a consensus on desired socialization outcomes, though they perceived parent involvement in divergent ways. This exploration of the school's culture tentatively offers an alternative explanatory model that counters Ogbu's cultural ecological explanations for minority underachievement. Many students at Garvey remain optimistic, in contrast to Ogbu's assertion of deficits in "effort optimism" that diminish motivation to achieve. The cultural model employs four constructs: flexible control, attunement, trust, and continuity. These variables are theorized to reduce stress, disruptive behaviors, absenteeism (teacher and student), and performance anxiety while increasing students' time on task and emotional competence. Future research should focus on attending to local cultures as a means to improve professional development and implement planned changes.
Eleodes (Eleodes) sponsus LeConte 1858
Creators: name: Johnston, M. Andrew
name: Fleming, David
name: Franz, Nico M.
name: Smith, Aaron D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Tenebrionidae
Eleodes
Eleodes sponsus

description: Eleodes (Eleodes) sponsus LeConte, 1858
(Fig. 8B)
 Diagnosis. Body elongate. Pronotum minutely punctured, lateral margins moderately arcuate, narrowing and sinuate posteriorly, anterior angles acute, anterolaterally projected. Elytra fairly evently scabrous throughout. Profemora spined in both sexes. All tarsi without tomentose pads. Prosternum flat, faintly if at all projected posteriorly of procoxae.
 Distribution. Coconino, Apache, and Cochise Counties, Arizona. Colorado, New Mexico, Texas.
 Remarks. This species most closely resembles E. gracilis and E. hispilabris and can be readily separated from them by the scabrous elytra. The pronotum is less constricted posteriorly than in E. hispilabris and generally more constricted than in E. gracilis.
description: Published as part of Johnston, M. Andrew, Fleming, David, Franz, Nico M. & Smith, Aaron D., 2015, Amphidorini Leconte (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) of Arizona: Keys and Species Accounts, pp. 27-54 in The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 14) (mo 14) 69 on page 50, DOI: 0.1649/0010-065X-69.mo4.27, http://zenodo.org/record/10086147
Reward processing in alcoholics and non-alcoholics: A functional magnetic resonance study
Creators: name: Fong, Grace W.
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 52
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
classificationCode: 5202
subject: Biological psychology
classificationCode: 5203
subject: Clinical and health psychology

description: Addiction theories posit long-term alterations in reward systems from repeated activation of these areas. Acute administration of addictive substances has been demonstrated to activate the same brain systems as natural rewards. Comparative studies indicate that reward processes can be delineated into appetitive and consummatory phases. Advances in functional neuroimaging allow for further delineation of human reward processes. Consistent with primate studies, these studies demonstrate NAcc activity during anticipation of a reward and MPFC activity after receiving a reward. Regarding addiction, the role of dopamine and reward-related areas has been well documented but often without delineating stages of reward processing. Examining reward as distinct phases may provide a basis for further understanding hypothesized neuroadaptive changes related to addiction. In this study, FMRI is used to probe neural responses to monetary rewards in recently abstinent alcohol-dependent individuals and healthy controls. With regard to anticipation and goal directed behavior, addiction may impact the rewarding value of an addictive substance by altering its incentive salience, leading to increased motivation for an addictive substance at the expense of motivation for other rewards. Alternately, addiction may increase the hedonic value of consuming a drug while attenuating responses to non-drug rewards. Thirty-two alcoholic inpatients and healthy volunteers were scanned while they completed the Monetary Incentive Delay task during which they could win or avoid losing money by responding during a target presentation. Multiple regression and repeated measures ANOVA were conducted for within and between group analyses. Similar but reduced patterns of brain activation were observed in response to monetary incentive cues in both groups. Replicating previous findings, reward anticipation proportionally activated the ventral striatum in both groups, however, in alcoholic inpatients only, prefrontal activation increased with incentive magnitude in both gain and loss valences. These findings suggest that addiction may impact reward responsiveness by altering the saliency of rewarding stimuli without affecting motivational drive, which can potentially impact decision-making processes. If saliency is shifted such that important contextual information is ignored, this may pave the way for addictive behavior where the most motivationally salient aspect is sought out without consideration of potential negative consequences.
Anthophorula (Anthophorula) eriogoni
Creators: name: Pedro, Diego De
name: Ceccarelli, Fadia Sara
name: Sagot, Philippe
name: López-Reyes, Eulogio
name: Mullins, Jessica L.
name: Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A.
name: Falcon-Brindis, Armando
name: Griswold, Terry
name: Ascher, John S.
name: Gardner, Joel
name: Ayala, Ricardo
name: Vides-Borrell, Eric
name: Vandame, Rémy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy

description: Anthophorula (Anthophorula) eriogoni (Timberlake, 1947)
[Holotype: CASC; ♀ 9.66 km south of Palm Springs, California, USA; May 30, 1930]
Anthophorula eriogoni is distributed in the western USA and northwestern Mexico. Ayala et al. (1996) reported this species in the state of BC.
description: Published as part of Pedro, Diego De, Ceccarelli, Fadia Sara, Sagot, Philippe, López-Reyes, Eulogio, Mullins, Jessica L., Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Falcon-Brindis, Armando, Griswold, Terry, Ascher, John S., Gardner, Joel, Ayala, Ricardo, Vides-Borrell, Eric & Vandame, Rémy, 2024, Revealing the Baja California Peninsula's Hidden Treasures: An Annotated checklist of the native bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-391 in Zootaxa 5522 (1) on page 193, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5522.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13920532
Tachyonic dark matter
Creators: name: Davies, P. C. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent attempts to explain the dark matter and energy content of the universe have involved some radical extensions of standard physics, including quintessence, phantom energy, additional space dimensions and variations in the speed of light. In this paper I consider the possibility that some dark matter might be in the form of tachyons. I show that, subject to some reasonable assumptions, a tachyonic cosmological fluid would produce distinctive effects, such as a surge in quantum vacuum energy and particle creation, and a change in the conventional temperature-time relation for the normal cosmological material. Possible observational consequences are discussed.
description: 10 pages, no figures, research paper
Anthophorula (Anthophorula) euphorbiae
Creators: name: Pedro, Diego De
name: Ceccarelli, Fadia Sara
name: Sagot, Philippe
name: López-Reyes, Eulogio
name: Mullins, Jessica L.
name: Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A.
name: Falcon-Brindis, Armando
name: Griswold, Terry
name: Ascher, John S.
name: Gardner, Joel
name: Ayala, Ricardo
name: Vides-Borrell, Eric
name: Vandame, Rémy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy

description: Anthophorula (Anthophorula) euphorbiae (Timberlake, 1947)
[Holotype: CASC; ♀ Picacho Pass, Arizona, USA; August 7, 1940]
This species is widely distributed in northern Mexico and southwestern USA. We reviewed one female collected in the Gulf Coast in La Paz in October 1955 (CASC). See fig. 123.
description: Published as part of Pedro, Diego De, Ceccarelli, Fadia Sara, Sagot, Philippe, López-Reyes, Eulogio, Mullins, Jessica L., Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Falcon-Brindis, Armando, Griswold, Terry, Ascher, John S., Gardner, Joel, Ayala, Ricardo, Vides-Borrell, Eric & Vandame, Rémy, 2024, Revealing the Baja California Peninsula's Hidden Treasures: An Annotated checklist of the native bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-391 in Zootaxa 5522 (1) on page 193, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5522.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13920532
On the feasibility of automated prediction of bug and non-bug issues
Creators: name: Herbold, Steffen
name: Trautsch, Alexander
name: Trautsch, Fabian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Context: Issue tracking systems are used to track and describe tasks in the development process, e.g., requested feature improvements or reported bugs. However, past research has shown that the reported issue types often do not match the description of the issue. Objective: We want to understand the overall maturity of the state of the art of issue type prediction with the goal to predict if issues are bugs and evaluate if we can improve existing models by incorporating manually specified knowledge about issues. Method: We train different models for the title and description of the issue to account for the difference in structure between these fields, e.g., the length. Moreover, we manually detect issues whose description contains a null pointer exception, as these are strong indicators that issues are bugs. Results: Our approach performs best overall, but not significantly different from an approach from the literature based on the fastText classifier from Facebook AI Research. The small improvements in prediction performance are due to structural information about the issues we used. We found that using information about the content of issues in form of null pointer exceptions is not useful. We demonstrate the usefulness of issue type prediction through the example of labelling bugfixing commits. Conclusions: Issue type prediction can be a useful tool if the use case allows either for a certain amount of missed bug reports or the prediction of too many issues as bug is acceptable.
Anthophorula (Anthophorula) minima
Creators: name: Pedro, Diego De
name: Ceccarelli, Fadia Sara
name: Sagot, Philippe
name: López-Reyes, Eulogio
name: Mullins, Jessica L.
name: Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A.
name: Falcon-Brindis, Armando
name: Griswold, Terry
name: Ascher, John S.
name: Gardner, Joel
name: Ayala, Ricardo
name: Vides-Borrell, Eric
name: Vandame, Rémy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy

description: Anthophorula (Anthophorula) minima (Timberlake, 1980)
[Holotype: CASC; ♂ San Pedro, Baja California Sur; 7 Oct 1941]
This species is known from California (USA), BC, and BCS (Mexico) (Timberlake 1980b; Ayala et al. 1996). We reviewed nine males and one female collected in the Gulf Coast Region in San Pedro, BCS during the same sampling event as the holotype (CASC). See fig. 123.
description: Published as part of Pedro, Diego De, Ceccarelli, Fadia Sara, Sagot, Philippe, López-Reyes, Eulogio, Mullins, Jessica L., Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Falcon-Brindis, Armando, Griswold, Terry, Ascher, John S., Gardner, Joel, Ayala, Ricardo, Vides-Borrell, Eric & Vandame, Rémy, 2024, Revealing the Baja California Peninsula's Hidden Treasures: An Annotated checklist of the native bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-391 in Zootaxa 5522 (1) on page 193, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5522.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13920532
Reward processing in alcoholics and non-alcoholics: A functional magnetic resonance study
Creators: name: Fong, Grace W.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Addiction theories posit long-term alterations in reward systems from repeated activation of these areas. Acute administration of addictive substances has been demonstrated to activate the same brain systems as natural rewards. Comparative studies indicate that reward processes can be delineated into appetitive and consummatory phases. Advances in functional neuroimaging allow for further delineation of human reward processes. Consistent with primate studies, these studies demonstrate NAcc activity during anticipation of a reward and MPFC activity after receiving a reward. Regarding addiction, the role of dopamine and reward-related areas has been well documented but often without delineating stages of reward processing. Examining reward as distinct phases may provide a basis for further understanding hypothesized neuroadaptive changes related to addiction. In this study, FMRI is used to probe neural responses to monetary rewards in recently abstinent alcohol-dependent individuals and healthy controls. With regard to anticipation and goal directed behavior, addiction may impact the rewarding value of an addictive substance by altering its incentive salience, leading to increased motivation for an addictive substance at the expense of motivation for other rewards. Alternately, addiction may increase the hedonic value of consuming a drug while attenuating responses to non-drug rewards. Thirty-two alcoholic inpatients and healthy volunteers were scanned while they completed the Monetary Incentive Delay task during which they could win or avoid losing money by responding during a target presentation. Multiple regression and repeated measures ANOVA were conducted for within and between group analyses. Similar but reduced patterns of brain activation were observed in response to monetary incentive cues in both groups. Replicating previous findings, reward anticipation proportionally activated the ventral striatum in both groups, however, in alcoholic inpatients only, prefrontal activation increased with incentive magnitude in both gain and loss valences. These findings suggest that addiction may impact reward responsiveness by altering the saliency of rewarding stimuli without affecting motivational drive, which can potentially impact decision-making processes. If saliency is shifted such that important contextual information is ignored, this may pave the way for addictive behavior where the most motivationally salient aspect is sought out without consideration of potential negative consequences.
Depletion force between two large spheres suspended in a bath of small spheres: Onset of the Derjaguin limit
Creators: name: Oettel, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the depletion interaction between two hard colloids in a hard--sphere solvent and pay special attention to the limit of large size ratio between colloids and solvent particles which is governed by the well--known Derjaguin approximation. For separations between the colloids of less than the diameter of the solvent particles (defining the depletion region), the solvent structure between the colloids can be analyzed in terms of an effective two--dimensional gas. Thereby we find that the Derjaguin limit is approached more slowly than previously thought. This analysis is in good agreement with simulation data which are available for a moderate size ratio of 10. Small discrepancies to results from density functional theory (DFT) at this size ratio become amplified for larger size ratios. Therefore we have improved upon previous DFT techniques by imposing test particle consistency which connects DFT to integral equations. However, the improved results show no convergence towards the Derjaguin limit and thus we conclude that this implementation of DFT together with previous ones which rely on test particle insertion become unreliable in predicting the force in the depletion region for size ratios larger than 10.
description: 17 pages
Impurity-pinned incommensurate charge density wave and local phonon excitations in 2H-NbS2
Creators: name: Wen, Chenhaoping
name: Xie, Yuan
name: Wu, Yueshen
name: Shen, Shiwei
name: Kong, Pengfei
name: Lian, Hailong
name: Li, Jun
name: Xing, Hui
name: Yan, Shichao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we report a scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS) study in the superconducting state of 2H-NbS2. We directly visualize the existence of incommensurate charge density wave (CDW) that is pinned by atomic impurities. In strong tunneling conditions, the incommensurate CDW is de-pinned from impurities by the electric field from STM tip. We perform STM-based inelastic tunneling spectroscopy (IETS) to detect phonon excitations in 2H-NbS2 and measure the influence of atomic impurities on local phonon excitations. In comparison with the calculated vibrational density of states in 2H-NbS2, we find two branches of phonon excitations which correspond to the vibrations of Nb ions and S ions, and the strength of the local phonon excitations is insensitive to the atomic impurities. Our results demonstrate the coexistence of incommensurate CDW and superconductivity in 2H-NbS2, and open the way of detecting atomic-scale phonon excitations in transition metal dichalcogenides with STM-based IETS.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
A unified framework for spectral clustering in sparse graphs
Creators: name: Dall'Amico, Lorenzo
name: Couillet, Romain
name: Tremblay, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This article considers spectral community detection in the regime of sparse networks with heterogeneous degree distributions, for which we devise an algorithm to efficiently retrieve communities. Specifically, we demonstrate that a conveniently parametrized form of regularized Laplacian matrix can be used to perform spectral clustering in sparse networks, without suffering from its degree heterogeneity. Besides, we exhibit important connections between this proposed matrix and the now popular non-backtracking matrix, the Bethe-Hessian matrix, as well as the standard Laplacian matrix. Interestingly, as opposed to competitive methods, our proposed improved parametrization inherently accounts for the hardness of the classification problem. These findings are summarized under the form of an algorithm capable of both estimating the number of communities and achieving high-quality community reconstruction.
SDSS J092455.87+021924.9: an Interesting Gravitationally Lensed Quasar from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
Creators: name: Inada, Naohisa
name: Becker, Robert H.
name: Burles, Scott
name: Castander, Francisco J.
name: Eisenstein, Daniel
name: Hall, Patrick B.
name: Johnston, David E.
name: Pindor, Bartosz
name: Richards, Gordon T.
name: Schechter, Paul L.
name: Sekiguchi, Maki
name: White, Richard L.
name: Brinkmann, J.
name: Frieman, Joshua A.
name: Kleinman, S. J.
name: Krzesi'nski, Jurek
name: Long, Daniel C.
name: Neilsen,, Eric H.
name: Newman, Peter R.
name: Nitta, Atsuko
name: Schneider, Donald P.
name: Snedden, S.
name: York, Donald G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of a new gravitationally lensed quasar from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, SDSS J092455.87+021924.9 (SDSS J0924+0219). This object was selected from among known SDSS quasars by an algorithm that was designed to select another known SDSS lensed quasar (SDSS 1226-0006A,B). Five separate components, three of which are unresolved, are identified in photometric follow-up observations obtained with the Magellan Consortium's 6.5m Walter Baade telescope at Las Campanas Observatory. Two of the unresolved components (designated A and B) are confirmed to be quasars with z=1.524; the velocity difference is less than 100 km sec^{-1} according to spectra taken with the W. M. Keck Observatory's Keck II telescope on Mauna Kea. A third stellar component, designated C, has the colors of a quasar with redshift similar to components A and B. The maximum separation of the point sources is 1.78". The other two sources, designated G and D, are resolved. Component G appears to be the best candidate for the lensing galaxy. Although component D is near the expected position of the fourth lensed component in a four image lens system, its properties are not consistent with being the image of a quasar at z~1.5. Nevertheless, the identical redshifts of components A and B and the presence of component C strongly suggest that this object is a gravitational lens. Our observations support the idea that a foreground object reddens the fourth lensed component and that another unmodeled effect (such as micro- or milli-lensing) demagnificates it, but we cannot rule out the possibility that SDSS0924+0219 is an example of the relatively rare class of ``three component'' lens systems.
description: 24 pages, 6 figures, accepted by AJ
Q2 - Quarterly progress report for the period 21 Oct – 20 Dec 2020
Creators: name: Mattern, Thomas
name: Ellenberg, Ursula
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60201 Behavioural Ecology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: 60207 Population Ecology

description: After completion of the hoiho tracking component at Pigeon House East, Port Pegasus/Pikihatiti in early December 2020 (see previous report), a final visit to the site was made on 2 February 2021 to determine chick fates, mark surviving chicks and to recover trail cameras trained on three of the four nests. All chicks from the four nests in the area could be located and microchipped. Growth rates determined from measurements suggest favourable foraging conditions with all chicks having weights higher than predicted from previous measurements. Trail camera footage show adult hoiho frequently returning to the nest around midday, which is unusual for post-guard parents that generally require longer foraging trips to keep up with the food demands of their growing chicks. In mid-December 2020, GPS tracking of chick rearing adults moved to Groper Island in Paterson Inlet/Whaka ā Te Wera for a two-week stint. All breeding hoiho from Groper Island (six adults from three active nests) were tracked with GPS dive loggers. With the exception for one female that left Paterson Inlet to forage along the coast to Port Williams, all penguins foraged exclusively in the inlet maintaining a principally benthic foraging strategy mostly <500 m from the shore. A pair that had been tracked in the previous season, showed highly consistent at-sea movements in both years. Four bird were fitted with camera loggers for single foraging trips. Two birds pursued primarily fish larvae in very shallow water (<2 m) while the other two went after larger fish at depths of 10-25 m. Further tracking work was carried out on Codfish Island/Whenua Hou in January 2021 covering late guard stage and post-guard stage. Six birds were tracked, five of which foraged to the north of Whenua Hou and Rakiura. Tracks are consistent with data recorded at this site between 2005 and 2007. Two of the three birds deployed with camera loggers showed foraging over gravel pursuing predominantly opalfish. The third camera bird foraged south of Whenua Hou over sandy bottom and rocky reef habitat. Full analysis of camera data is pending.
A Novel Two-Step Laser Ranging Technique for a Precision Test of the Theory of Gravity
Creators: name: Penanen, Konstantin
name: Chui, Talso
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: All powered spacecraft experience residual systematic acceleration due to anisotropy of the thermal radiation pressure and fuel leakage. The residual acceleration limits the accuracy of any test of gravity that relies on the precise determination of the spacecraft trajectory. We describe a novel two-step laser ranging technique, which largely eliminates the effects of non-gravity acceleration sources and enables celestial mechanics checks with unprecedented precision. A passive proof mass is released from the mother spacecraft on a solar system exploration mission. Retro-reflectors attached to the proof mass allow its relative position to the spacecraft to be determined using optical ranging techniques. Meanwhile, the position of the spacecraft relative to the Earth is determined by ranging with a laser transponder. The vector sum of the two is the position, relative to the Earth, of the proof mass, the measurement of which is not affected by the residual accelerations of the mother spacecraft. We also describe the mission concept of the Dark Matter Explorers (DMX), which will demonstrate this technology and will use it to test the hypothesis that dark matter congregates around the sun. This hypothesis implies a small apparent deviation from the inverse square law of gravity, which can be detected by a sensitive experiment. We expect to achieve an acceleration resolution of $\sim 10^{-14} m/s^2$. DMX will also be sensitive to acceleration towards the galactic center, which has a value of $\sim 10^{-10} m/s^2$. Since dark matter dominates the galactic acceleration, DMX can also test whether dark matter obeys the equivalence principle to a level of 100 ppm by ranging to several proof masses of different composition from the mother spacecraft.
description: Presented at Second International Conference on Particle and Fundamental Physics in Space
The specificity of the ASI and the ACS in predicting state anxiety following four different Velten-like mood inductions
Creators: name: Gore, Kristie L.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This study tested whether anxiety sensitivity (AS; measured by the ASI; Reiss, Peterson, Gursky & McNally, 1986), fear of losing control of emotions (measured by the Affective Control Scale; ACS, Williams, Chambless & Ahrens, 1997) and trait anxiety [measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory - Trait version (STAI-T; Spielberger, Gorsuch, & Lushene,1983)] predicted state anxiety following a variety of mood inductions. Ninety-six college students completed trait and state mood measures before undergoing one of four Velten-like (Velten, 1968) mood induction procedures (Anger, Anxiety, Elation or Serenity). The Anger, Anxiety and Serenity inductions were effective but the Elation induction was not and that data was disregarded. The ACS and the STAI-T predicted state anxiety following the Anger, Anxiety and Serenity inductions. The ASI predicted the degree of state anxiety participants felt following the Anxiety induction, but it did not predict state anxiety following the Anger or Serenity inductions. This suggests the ASI captures variance relevant to the experience of anxiety while the ACS more broadly captures variance related to the experience of other emotions as well. The four sub-scales of the ACS were highly inter-correlated, exhibited solid internal reliability but did not evidence specific predictive validity. In this data set it appears the ACS measures one unitary construct and the sub-scales in their current form do not offer any specific information above that provided by the full scale. These findings were discussed in the context of the breadth of these measures and their underlying measured constructs.
Where to from Here? Contemplating the impact of COVID-19 on South African students and student counseling services in higher education
Creators: name: Naidoo, Paulette
name: Cartwright, Duncan
Publisher: name: Mangosuthu University of Technology (MUT)
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 130305 Educational Counselling
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: 111710 Health Counselling
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 170106 Health, Clinical and Counselling Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 170103 Educational Psychology

description: he unprecedented magnitude and effects of the Covid-19 pan?demic have rendered it a highly disruptive and traumatic phenom?enon. This paper considers the impact of Covid-19 on South African students and Student Counseling Services in Higher Education. The paper specifically reflects on shifts in student men?tal health and psycho-social vulnerability as a consequence of the pandemic, and the increased demand for the student counselor advocacy role. The inevitable need for technological shifts to traditional student counseling practice is considered, as well as the transformational dilemma or “double-edged sword” inherent in such change, given the historical, psycho-social, and economic complexities of South African society which impact on student access and participation in Higher Education. The paper lastly considers the adoption of a customized or “blended” student counseling approach that incorporates traditional and technologi?cal-based elements, and that can accommodate student personal and mental health needs, preferences as well as contextual pecu?liarities and challenges.
Does life's rapid appearance imply a Martian origin?
Creators: name: Davies, P. C. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The hypothesis that the rapid appearance of life on Earth justifies the belief that life is widespread in the universe has been investigated statistically by Lineweaver and Davis. However, a rapid appearance could also be interpreted as evidence for a nonterrestrial origin. I attempt to quantify the relative probabilities for a nonindigenous versus an indigenous origin of life on Earth, on the assumption that biogenesis involved one or more highly improbable steps, using a generalization of the well known observer selection argument of Carter. The analysis is specifically applied to a Martian origin of life, with subsequent transfer to Earth within impact ejecta.
description: 10 pages, no figures, research paper
Anthophorula (Anthophorula) robustula
Creators: name: Pedro, Diego De
name: Ceccarelli, Fadia Sara
name: Sagot, Philippe
name: López-Reyes, Eulogio
name: Mullins, Jessica L.
name: Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A.
name: Falcon-Brindis, Armando
name: Griswold, Terry
name: Ascher, John S.
name: Gardner, Joel
name: Ayala, Ricardo
name: Vides-Borrell, Eric
name: Vandame, Rémy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy

description: Anthophorula (Anthophorula) robustula (Timberlake, 1980)
Endemic
[Holotype: CASC; ♂ 8.05 km west of Loreto, Baja California Sur; 17 Apr 1968]
This species is endemic to BCS. Timberlake (1980b) only reported the holotype male and three paratype males collected in May 1968 (Timberlake 1980b).Additionally, we reviewed eight specimens identified by P. H. Timberlake collected in the Gulf Coast (2 ♂) and the Sarcocaulescent Shrubland (6 ♂) in October 1941 (CASC). See fig. 124.
description: Published as part of Pedro, Diego De, Ceccarelli, Fadia Sara, Sagot, Philippe, López-Reyes, Eulogio, Mullins, Jessica L., Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Falcon-Brindis, Armando, Griswold, Terry, Ascher, John S., Gardner, Joel, Ayala, Ricardo, Vides-Borrell, Eric & Vandame, Rémy, 2024, Revealing the Baja California Peninsula's Hidden Treasures: An Annotated checklist of the native bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-391 in Zootaxa 5522 (1) on page 193, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5522.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13920532
A Distributed Path Query Engine for Temporal Property Graphs
Creators: name: Ramesh, Shriram
name: Baranawal, Animesh
name: Simmhan, Yogesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Property graphs are a common form of linked data, with path queries used to traverse and explore them for enterprise transactions and mining. Temporal property graphs are a recent variant where time is a first-class entity to be queried over, and their properties and structure vary over time. These are seen in social, telecom, transit and epidemic networks. However, current graph databases and query engines have limited support for temporal relations among graph entities, no support for time-varying entities and/or do not scale on distributed resources. We address this gap by extending a linear path query model over property graphs to include intuitive temporal predicates and aggregation operators over temporal graphs. We design a distributed execution model for these temporal path queries using the interval-centric computing model, and develop a novel cost model to select an efficient execution plan from several. We perform detailed experiments of our Granite distributed query engine using both static and dynamic temporal property graphs as large as 52M vertices, 218M edges and 325M properties, and a 1600-query workload, derived from the LDBC benchmark. We often offer sub-second query latencies on a commodity cluster, which is 149x-1140x faster compared to industry-leading Neo4J shared-memory graph database and the JanusGraph / Spark distributed graph query engine. Granite also completes 100% of the queries for all graphs, compared to only 32-92% workload completion by the baseline systems. Further, our cost model selects a query plan that is within 10% of the optimal execution time in 90% of the cases. Despite the irregular nature of graph processing, we exhibit a weak-scaling efficiency >= 60% on 8 nodes and >= 40% on 16 nodes, for most query workloads.
description: An extended version of the paper that appears in IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Internet Computing (CCGrid), 2020
The specificity of the ASI and the ACS in predicting state anxiety following four different Velten-like mood inductions
Creators: name: Gore, Kristie L.
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 52
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
classificationCode: 5203
subject: Clinical and health psychology

description: This study tested whether anxiety sensitivity (AS; measured by the ASI; Reiss, Peterson, Gursky & McNally, 1986), fear of losing control of emotions (measured by the Affective Control Scale; ACS, Williams, Chambless & Ahrens, 1997) and trait anxiety [measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory - Trait version (STAI-T; Spielberger, Gorsuch, & Lushene,1983)] predicted state anxiety following a variety of mood inductions. Ninety-six college students completed trait and state mood measures before undergoing one of four Velten-like (Velten, 1968) mood induction procedures (Anger, Anxiety, Elation or Serenity). The Anger, Anxiety and Serenity inductions were effective but the Elation induction was not and that data was disregarded. The ACS and the STAI-T predicted state anxiety following the Anger, Anxiety and Serenity inductions. The ASI predicted the degree of state anxiety participants felt following the Anxiety induction, but it did not predict state anxiety following the Anger or Serenity inductions. This suggests the ASI captures variance relevant to the experience of anxiety while the ACS more broadly captures variance related to the experience of other emotions as well. The four sub-scales of the ACS were highly inter-correlated, exhibited solid internal reliability but did not evidence specific predictive validity. In this data set it appears the ACS measures one unitary construct and the sub-scales in their current form do not offer any specific information above that provided by the full scale. These findings were discussed in the context of the breadth of these measures and their underlying measured constructs.