cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
An Economic Assessment along the Jatropha-based Biodiesel Value Chain In India
Creators: name: Shinoj, P.
name: Raju, S.S.
name: Kumar, Praduman
name: Msangi, Siwa
name: Yadav, Pawan
name: Thorat, Vishal Shankar
name: Chaudhary, Khyali Ram
name: Shinoj, P.
name: Raju, S.S.
name: Kumar, Praduman
name: Msangi, Siwa
name: Yadav, Pawan
name: Thorat, Vishal Shankar
name: Chaudhary, Khyali Ram
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: The Government of India had launched the National Biofuel Mission in the year 2003 as an initiative to limit the country’s dependence on crude oil imports. An integral part of this mission is the Biodiesel Blending program and Jatropha, a tree-borne biodiesel yielding crop, is the cornerstone of the program. This study has been specifically designed to carry out economic assessment of the upcoming jatropha-based biodiesel value chain in the country. The study, based on primary data collected from three major jatropha growing states, has observed that jatropha cultivation is an economically viable proposition in the long-run as indicated by favourable values of net present value, internal rate of return and benefit cost ratio. Nevertheless, initial government support till attaining break even point is crucial to sustain the interest of the farmers. The jatropha seed processing industry has been found to be viable if operated at sufficient economies of scale, which in turn is determined by the level of backward integration with the seed market and a forward integration with biodiesel distribution channels. However, the existing biodiesel value chain in India lacks this integration and is characterized by under-developed seed markets, sub-optimal processing infrastructure and ill-defined biodiesel distribution channels. The involvement of corporate players to participate in processing and distribution activities has further delayed the program to take off. The study has cautioned that unless proactive orientation of all the stakeholders is ensured, the program may fail to meet its objectives, at least in the medium-term.
Impact of Processing Technology in Hilly Region: A Study on Extraction of Apricot Kernel Oil
Creators: name: Dixit, Anil Kumar
name: Sharma, P.C.
name: Nanda, S.K.
name: Kudos, S.K. Aleksha
name: Dixit, Anil Kumar
name: Sharma, P.C.
name: Nanda, S.K.
name: Kudos, S.K. Aleksha
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: The paper has studied the impact of improved technology (developed under AICRP on PHT) for extraction of apricot kernel oil from apricot stone. Economic surplus model has been applied in a closed economic framework with the assumption of no spillover effects. The economic efficiency indicators such as NPV (486), IRR (44%) and BCR (21.83) have been found quite attractive. The technology (mechanical decorticator, kernel separator, oil extraction and filtration) has been found superior to conventional practices (traditional kolhu) on account of higher recovery of 11 per cent and cost reduction by 22.41 per cent. Overall, net profit per unit in the case of improved technology has been estimated to be Rs 1.34 lakh, which leads to a saving of Rs 55446 over the conventional practices. The mechanical decortications and separation could not only save time and money but also reduced women drudgery (due to manual breaking of stones to separate kernel). The technology has been found suitable for promotion of entrepreneurship on the processing of apricot oil from apricot kernel in the production catchment, which otherwise is not properly utilized.
A Characterisation of Locality in Momentum Space
Creators: name: Gottschalk, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81T05

description: It is proved that a Poincare invariant Wightman function which fulfils the spectral property and can be defined at sharp times is local if and only if the integration over both the energy variables of a commutator in momentum space is a polynomial in the momentum conjugated to the spacial difference variable of the commutator with distributional coefficients depending on the remaining energy and momentum variables. Using this characterisation of locality in momentum space, the locality of a sequence of Wightman functions with nontrivial scattering behaviour (associated to some quantum field in indefinite metric) can be proved by explicit calculations. We compare the above characterisation of locality with the classical integral representation method of Jost, Lehmann and Dyson.
Mesorasi: Architecture Support for Point Cloud Analytics via Delayed-Aggregation
Creators: name: Feng, Yu
name: Tian, Boyuan
name: Xu, Tiancheng
name: Whatmough, Paul
name: Zhu, Yuhao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Point cloud analytics is poised to become a key workload on battery-powered embedded and mobile platforms in a wide range of emerging application domains, such as autonomous driving, robotics, and augmented reality, where efficiency is paramount. This paper proposes Mesorasi, an algorithm-architecture co-designed system that simultaneously improves the performance and energy efficiency of point cloud analytics while retaining its accuracy. Our extensive characterizations of state-of-the-art point cloud algorithms show that, while structurally reminiscent of convolutional neural networks (CNNs), point cloud algorithms exhibit inherent compute and memory inefficiencies due to the unique characteristics of point cloud data. We propose delayed-aggregation, a new algorithmic primitive for building efficient point cloud algorithms. Delayed-aggregation hides the performance bottlenecks and reduces the compute and memory redundancies by exploiting the approximately distributive property of key operations in point cloud algorithms. Delayed-aggregation let point cloud algorithms achieve 1.6x speedup and 51.1% energy reduction on a mobile GPU while retaining the accuracy (-0.9% loss to 1.2% gains). To maximize the algorithmic benefits, we propose minor extensions to contemporary CNN accelerators, which can be integrated into a mobile Systems-on-a-Chip (SoC) without modifying other SoC components. With additional hardware support, Mesorasi achieves up to 3.6x speedup.
Value Chain Analysis of Coconut in Orissa
Creators: name: Kumar, Niraj
name: Kapoor, Sanjeev
name: Kumar, Niraj
name: Kapoor, Sanjeev
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: Coconut crop forms an important constituent of food basket of the people of Orissa and meets the economic needs of people dependent on its marketing. The study conducted in five coastal districts of Orissa, namely, Puri, Cuttack, Khurda, Ganjam, and Jagatsinghpur has examined the market chains for coconut to find the flow of product from farmers through different intermediaries to the consumers. Prices and market margins have been computed at the different stages of the chain in order to reflect the value addition through various participants of the chain. Marketing channels have been found to be well established in the state, particularly in the coastal areas. No major value addition is done by the players at any level. The existence of functional channels explains that production and marketing system of coconut in the state can manage both increased supply and increased demand. The study has observed a high ratio of vendors v/s farmers and aggregators v/s vendors in the channel. In spite of this high ratio, both vendors and aggregators are able to earn profit and are continuing the business. It is suggested that coconut based industries should be jointly promoted by state industry department, state agriculture department and Coconut Development Board.
Ongoing Space Physics - Astrophysics Connections
Creators: name: Eichler, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I review several ongoing connections between space physics and astrophysics: a) Measurements of energetic particle spectra have confirmed theoretical prediction of the highest energy to which shocks can accelerate particles, and this has direct bearing on the origin of the highest energy cosmic rays. b) Mass ejection in solar flares may help us understand photon ejection in the giant flares of magnetar outbursts. c) Measurements of electron heat fluxes in the solar wind can help us understand whether heat flux in tenuous astrophysical plasma is in accordance with the classical Spitzer-Harm formula or whether it is reduced well below this value by plasma instabilities.
description: To appear in Proceedings of "Critical Phenomena in the Solar System", Ein-Boqeq, March, 2004
Model Independent Bounds on the Non-Oscillatory Explanations of the MiniBooNE Excess
Creators: name: Brdar, Vedran
name: Fischer, Oliver
name: Smirnov, Alexei Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the non-oscillatory explanations of the low energy excess of events detected by MiniBooNE. We present a systematic search for phenomenological scenarios based on new physics which can produce the excess. We define scenarios as series of transitions and processes which connect interactions of accelerated protons in target with single shower events in the MiniBooNE detector. The key elements of the scenarios are production and decay of new light $\mathcal{O}(\text{keV}-100\,\text{MeV})$ particles (fermions or/and bosons). We find about $20$ scenarios with minimal possible number of new particles and interaction points. In practice, they are all reduced to few generic scenarios and in this way we develop the effective theory of the MiniBooNE excess. We consider tests of the scenarios with near or close detectors in neutrino experiments T2K ND280, NO$ν$A, MINER$ν$A as well as in NOMAD and PS191. The scenarios immediately connect the MiniBooNE excess and expected numbers of new physics events in these detectors. We compute the expected numbers of events as functions of lifetimes and masses of new particles and confront them with the corresponding experimental bounds. We indicate scenarios that are excluded or strongly disfavored by one or several experiments. Given our general approach, this work can also be regarded as the effective theory of new physics at accelerator based neutrino experiments, being relevant for future projects such as DUNE.
description: 44 pages, 13 figures; PRD version
Impact of Innovations in Value Chain on Sorghum Farmers
Creators: name: Rao, B. Dayakar
name: Patil, J.V.
name: Rajendraprasad, M.P.
name: Reddy, K. Nirmal
name: Devi, Kamini
name: Sriharsha, B.
name: Kachui, N.
name: Rao, B. Dayakar
name: Patil, J.V.
name: Rajendraprasad, M.P.
name: Reddy, K. Nirmal
name: Devi, Kamini
name: Sriharsha, B.
name: Kachui, N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: The paper has studied the implementation of millets value chain pilot project under the NAIP to create demand for sorghum through diversification in farm production, procurement, ultimately aiming at economical benefits to both farmers and other stakeholders. This 4.5 years novel initiative is still in the mid-way. The study has reported that technological backstopping of sorghum cultivation with end-product specific improved cultivars has realized 51 per cent rise in incremental net income of Rs 16098/ha for the participating farmers (58 per cent rise in kharif and 44 per cent in rabi farmers). The inconvenience in the preparation of sorghum foods which has been the important reason for the decrease in its consumption, has been eliminated through development of convenient and ready-to-eat/cook foods. The factorization of the investment expenditure made per farmer (one acre of sorghum per participating farmer) has been worked out to be Rs 356 (equivalent of Rs 890/ha) in a season resulting in 51 per cent rise in incremental net income over baseline which is slightly higher in kharif sorghum than in rabi sorghum. The output pricing in kharif has helped in attaining these benefits. However, the benefit-cost ratio has worked out in favour of rabi sorghum farmers, i.e. 1:7.5 vis-à-vis kharif farmers BC ratio of 1: 4.2. The study has observed that linking up of the entire stakeholders through value addition throughout the value chain system would renew and uplift the diminishing sorghum area and production and its ultimate economical benefits to farmers and other stakeholders in the value chain.
Additional file 1 of Enhancing Water-Splitting Efficiency Using a Zn/Sn-Doped PN Photoelectrode of Pseudocubic α-Fe2O3 Nanoparticles
Creators: name: Yang, Jie-Xiang
name: Yongtao Meng
name: Tseng, Chuan-Ming
name: Huang, Yan-Kai
name: Tung-Ming Lin
name: Wang, Yang-Ming
name: Deng, Jin-Pei
name: Hsiang-Chiu Wu
name: Wei-Hsuan Hung
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Mott-Schottky plot of the Zn/Sn doped PN photoelectrode of pseudocubic α-Fe2O3. Figure S2. The comparison of XRD before/after operation.
Asymmetric radiating brane-world
Creators: name: Gergely, Laszlo
name: Leeper, Emily
name: Maartens, Roy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At high energies on a cosmological brane of Randall-Sundrum type, particle interactions can produce gravitons that are emitted into the bulk and that can feed a bulk black hole. We generalize previous investigations of such radiating brane-worlds by allowing for a breaking of Z_2-symmetry, via different bulk cosmological constants and different initial black hole masses on either side of the brane. One of the notable features of asymmetry is a suppression of the asymptotic level of dark radiation, which means that nucleosynthesis constraints are easier to satisfy. There are also models where the radiation escapes to infinity on one or both sides, rather than falling into a black hole, but these models can have negative energy density on the brane.
description: sign error in eq. (34) corrected; version to appear Phys. Rev. D
Innovative Technologies, Institutions and Policies for Successful Value Chains for Tur Farmers: A Case Study of NCDEX Spot
Creators: name: Sinha, Rajesh Kumar
name: Kumar, Ranjit
name: Sinha, Rajesh Kumar
name: Kumar, Ranjit
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: The electronic spot exchange provides synergy among the existing marketing systems in the country with its improvised technology and reach through the online system as it brings a variety of benefits to the existing system such as price transparency, better price realization for farmers and lot of arbitrage opportunities for trader community. These exchanges are aimed at enhancing efficiencies of the existing value chain of commodities by developing appropriate platforms for modern spot markets, financing of commodities based on credible warehouse management arrangements, reducing transaction costs, supporting Futures Exchanges, regulators and the Government with standardized and structured spot markets for compulsory delivery in all agri-commodities. Successful operation of such technologiesdriven initiatives require congenial policy support as these are largely governed under the state laws of APMC. From the case study of NCDEX SPOT market in the Gulbarga district of Karnataka state, it has been observed that for facilitating the small and marginal farmers in participating in new age marketing system, it is required that all the stakeholders work seamlessly in an integrated manner, which are state agencies (warehousing, APMC, Mandi, Board, etc.), financial institutions, other infrastructural facilities, etc. With the help of NCDEX SPOT, tur grower-farmers in the Karnataka states are able to reduce the marketing cost by 50-70 per cent and are also able to sell their produce, whenever they want by paying a small charge for warehousing. It is also evident that the farmers could realize, on an average, 5-10 per cent higher price for their produce as compared to traditional APMC market. Although the business model seems to be working successfully and showing reasonable confidence to all the stakeholders, requires for upscaling across the board customization according to the law of land of respective states. However, it is a win-win proposition for the farmers-state governments-NCDEX SPOT-banks, etc, as its creates values at every stages of value chain.
Characterizing the Hyperuniformity of Ordered and Disordered Two-Phase Media
Creators: name: Kim, Jaeuk
name: Torquato, Salvatore
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The hyperuniformity concept provides a unified means to classify all perfect crystals, perfect quasicrystals, and exotic amorphous states of matter according to their capacity to suppress large-scale density fluctuations. While the classification of hyperuniform point configurations has received considerable attention, much less is known about the classification of hyperuniform heterogeneous two-phase media, which include composites, porous media, foams, cellular solids, colloidal suspensions and polymer blends. The purpose of this article is to begin such a program for certain two-dimensional models of hyperuniform two-phase media by ascertaining their local volume-fraction variances $σ^2_{_V}(R)$ and the associated hyperuniformity order metrics $\overline{B}_V$. This is a highly challenging task because the geometries and topologies of the phases are generally much richer and more complex than point-configuration arrangements and one must ascertain a broadly applicable length scale to make key quantities dimensionless. Therefore, we focus on a certain class of two-dimensional periodic cellular networks, periodic and disordered/irregular packings, some of which maximize their effective transport and elastic properties. Among the cellular networks considered, the honeycomb networks have a minimal value of $\overline{B}_V$ across all volume fractions. On the other hand, among all packings considered, the triangular-lattice packings have the smallest values of $\overline{B}_V$ for the possible range of volume fractions. Among all structures studied here, the triangular-lattice packing has the minimal order metric for almost all volume fractions. Our study provides a theoretical foundation for the establishment of hyperuniformity order metrics for general two-phase media and a basis to discover new hyperuniform two-phase systems by inverse design procedures.
description: 13 pages, 8 Figures, and 4 tables
Exploring Market Potential and Developing Linkages – A Case of Underutilized Fruit Products in India
Creators: name: Gajanana, T.M.
name: Gowda, I.N.D.
name: Reddy, B.M.C.
name: Gajanana, T.M.
name: Gowda, I.N.D.
name: Reddy, B.M.C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore, India, under the aegis of International Centre for Underutilized Crops (ICUC), trained the officials of Bharathiya Agro-Industries Foundation (BAIF), a nongovernmental organization (NGO), on small scale processing and marketing of underutilized fruits in August 2004. As a result, small scale processing units were established at the community village level in the state of Karnataka, Maharashtra and Gujarat in India for processing of underutilized fruits like aonla, tamarind and jackfruit into different products. Later, a survey was undertaken to ascertain the processing and market potential of underutilized fruit products. The market survey in the Hassan district of Karanataka has indicated the presence of underutilized fruit products like citron pickles, tamarind paste and jackfruit chips, which are sold by the retailers in small quantities. The market survey of underutilized fruit products in Pune (Maharashtra) has indicated the trading of underutilized fruit products like aonla pickle, aonla squash, aonla supari and tamarind products like concentrate, pani puri masala in the market, though in small quantities. The market survey in the Dharmapur and Valsad markets, Gujarat has indicated the presence of underutilized fruit products like pachan aonla (digestive aonla), ber powder, salted ber and tamarind under different brand names like Oswal, Khelkar, Frootlet, etc. The share of the underutilized fruit products is small but these products have made their presence felt in the market. By and large, consumers have accepted the quality and price of the products of the small scale community processing unit. However, label needs improvement and is to be made more attractive. Thus, market research has helped in identifying the potential markets for the underutilized fruit products of the community level processing units. The institutional arrangements in the form of IIHR-BAIF have benefited the community at large and the women SHGs in particular.
New Physics From A Dynamical Volume Element
Creators: name: Guendelman, Eduardo
name: Kaganovich, Alexander
name: Nissimov, Emil
name: Pacheva, Svetlana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The use in the action integral of a volume element of the form $Φd^{D}x$ where $Φ$ is a metric independent measure can give new interesting results in all types of known generally coordinate invariant theories: (1) 4-D theories of gravity plus matter fields; (2) Reparametrization invariant theories of extended objects; (3) Higher dimensional theories. In the case (1), a large number of new effects appears: under normal particle physics conditions (primordial) fermions split into three families; when matter is highly diluted, neutrinos increase their mass and can contribute both to dark energy and to dark matter. In the case (2), it leads to dynamically induced tension; to string models of non abelian confinement; to the possibility of new Weyl-conformally invariant light-like branes which dynamically adjust themselves to sit at black hole horizons; in the context of higher dimensional theories it can provide examples of massless 4-D particles with nontrivial Kaluza Klein quantum numbers. In the case (3), i.e. in brane and Kaluza Klein scenarios, the use of a metric independent measure makes it possible to construct naturally models where only the extra dimensions get curved and the 4-D remain flat.
description: 14 pages, in the proceedings of 7-th Workshop 'What Comes Beyond the Standard Models', Bled (Slovenia) July, 2004; two references corrected
Additional file 1 of The role of O-polysaccharide chain and complement resistance of Escherichia coli in mammary virulence
Creators: name: Salamon, Hagit
name: Nissim-Eliraz, Einat
name: Ardronai, Oded
name: Nissan, Israel
name: Shpigel, Nahum Y.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 1: List of primers used for quantitative RTPCR analysis.
title: Symbolic Regression for Data-Driven Equation Discovery: A Physics-Informed Approach
Creators: name: Singireddy, Anusha Reddy
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Symbolic Regression (SR) is a cutting-edge machine learning technique that discovers mathematical expressions representing the underlying patterns in data. Unlike traditional regression, SR explores a wide range of mathematical models, allowing for flexible and interpretable solutions. We utilize PySR, a highly customizable symbolic regression package, which combines genetic programming and modern optimization methods to efficiently search for interpretable equations. PySR balances model complexity with performance by penalizing overly complex expressions while optimizing accuracy. In this thesis, we apply Physics-informed Symbolic Regression through PySR to model the x and t dependence of the flavor isovector combination Hu − d(x,t,ζ ,Q2 ) at ζ = 0 and Q2 = 4GeV2 . Our PySR models are trained on Generalized Parton Distribution (GPD) pseudo data, sourced from both Lattice QCD and contemporary models such as GGL. By incorporating physics constraints into the symbolic regression process, our models satisfy physical principles relevant to GPDs while achieving low mean-squared error. A custom loss function was employed, encouraging models that both fit the data well and adhered to physical constraints. We compare the performance of PySR-derived GPDs against traditional Regge parameterizations and Neural Network-based GPDs.This research demonstrates the power of PySR for extracting interpretable expressions from complex physics data, offering a novel tool for scientific modeling that merges data-driven techniques with domain-specific knowledge.
Supply Chain Analysis of Onion and Cauliflower in Punjab
Creators: name: Sidhu, R.S.
name: Kumar, Sanjay
name: Vatta, Kamal
name: Singh, Parminder
name: Sidhu, R.S.
name: Kumar, Sanjay
name: Vatta, Kamal
name: Singh, Parminder
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: The present study was conducted in Rajpura block of Patiala district in Punjab with a sample of 50 vegetables growers. The total cost of cultivation was estimated at Rs 49563/ha for onion and Rs 34840/ha for cauliflower. The net returns were found higher for onion (Rs 74597/ha) as compared to that from cauliflower (Rs 38072/ha). Majority of these vegetables were being disposed off through commission agent/wholesaler (more than 90 per cent) followed by retailer and directly to the consumer. The efficiency of the these market channels can be enhanced through competition by organized retail chains and modernizing the vegetable market system in the state. The wholesale markets of Pune, Ludhiana and Patiala for onion and that of Shimla, Ludhiana and Patiala for cauliflower have been found integrated with price of onion and cauliflower transmitting quickly from the independent to the dependent markets. The highest elasticity of price transmission in onion has been observed between Ludhiana and Patiala markets with almost 90 per cent of the price change in Ludhiana getting transmitted to the Patiala market. Such transmission has been 100 per cent for cauliflower between Shimla and Patiala markets. The price transmission has been observed faster in cauliflower than onion. Though a long-term equilibrium relationship exists between all the studied markets in terms of weekly price of the two vegetables crops, there also exists a short-run disequilibrium between some of the market pairs with almost 15 to 25 per cent of the fluctuations usually getting corrected within a week. Greater integration in these markets may help the farmers as well as consumers of the vegetables through better price signals.
Value Chains and Retailing of Fresh Vegetables and Fruits, Andhra Pradesh
Creators: name: Reddy, G.P.
name: Murthy, M.R.K.
name: Meena, P.C.
name: Reddy, G.P.
name: Murthy, M.R.K.
name: Meena, P.C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: The present study on retailing has been undertaken in Andhra Pradesh to examine growth and performance of modern retailing and its impact on traditional retailers. The study has indicated that the number of players is less in modern retailing than in the traditional retailing. Vertical analysis between the two chains has also indicated the same results. For instance, in the case of vertical distribution in the traditional value chain, 19.8 per cent of the gross value goes to farmers, 11.3 per cent goes to village merchant, 14.3 per cent goes to middlemen, 15.3 per cent goes to wholesalers, 12.0 per cent goes to commission agent, 16.8 per cent goes to rythu bazaar and the remaining 10.8 per cent goes to traditional retailers. Thus, the farmers rank first, and middlemen and wholesalers rank second, whereas in modern retailing, supermarkets receive 38 per cent of the total gross value. The study has revealed that there are both demand and supply side factors that contribute to the emergence of traditional and modern retailing. Hence, efficient, value chain management will certainly add value and help in bringing the produce to the market.
Theoretical analysis for a PDE-ODE system related to a Glioblastoma tumor with vasculature
Creators: name: Fernández-Romero, A.
name: Guillén-González, F.
name: Suárez, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35A09, 35B40, 35M10, 35Q92, 47J35

description: In this paper we study a PDE-ODE system as a simplification of a Glioblastoma model. Mainly, we prove the existence and uniqueness of global in time classical solution using a fixed point argument. Moreover, we show some stability results of the solution depending on some conditions on the parameters.
description: 25 pages
Semi-analytical model of galaxy formation with high-resolution N-body simulations
Creators: name: Kang, X.
name: Jing, Y. P.
name: Mo, H. J.
name: Boerner, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We model the galaxy formation in a series of high-resolution N-body simulations using the semi-analytical approach. Unlike many earlier investigations based on semi-analytical models, we make use of the subhalos resolved in the $N$-body simulations to follow the mergers of galaxies in dark halos, and we show that this is pivotal in modeling correctly the galaxy luminosity function at the bright end and the bimodal nature of galaxy color distribution. Mergers of galaxies based on subhalos also result in many more bright red galaxies at high $z$. The semi-analytical model we adopt is similar to those used in earlier semi-analytical studies, except that we consider the effect of a prolonged cooling in small halos and that we explicitly follow the chemical enrichment in the interstellar medium. We use our model to make predictions for the properties of the galaxy population at low redshift and compare them with various current observations. We find that our model predictions can match the luminosity functions of galaxies in various wavebands redder than the u-band. The shape of the luminosity function at bright end is well reproduced if galaxy mergers are modeled with the merger trees of subhalos and the steep faint-end slope can be moderated if the gas cooling time in low-mass halos is comparable to the age of the universe. The model with subhalos resolved can reproduce the main features in the observed color bimodal distribution, though it still predicts too many bright blue galaxies. The same model can also match the color-magnitude relation for elliptical galaxies in clusters, the metallicity-luminosity relation.
description: 57 pages, 1 table, 18 figures, a new figure added, more discussion on color bimodality, to appear in ApJ
The interindividual variation, comparison of the state of training, and the effects of prolonged work on running economy
Creators: name: Bula, Jonathan E.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in running economy between a group of well-trained runners and a group of non-runners. A secondary objective was to ascertain the effects of a prolonged run, near the ventilatory threshold, on the subjects' running economy. Two groups often males (X ± SD: age 25.6 ± 4.8, V0₂[sub max] 4.8 ± 0.7 Lmin⁻¹ for the runners; X ± SD: age 20.6 ± 2.3, V0₂[sub max]3.9 + 0.5 Lmin⁻¹ for the non-runners) performed two running economy tests on three separate occasions. They also performed a prolonged-run, of a maximum of 60 minutes, at an intensity near the subject's individual ventilatory threshold. The prolonged run was followed by two more running economy tests. Despite the statistically significant difference in V0₂[sub max] (p<0.01), the groups did not differ significantly in their running economy. Also, no statistically significant differences were found when running economy was measured as a function of distance (ml kg⁻¹ km⁻¹), and when body mass was scaled to an exponent of 0.75 (ml kg⁻⁰.⁷⁵ min⁻¹ , ml kg⁻⁰.⁷⁵ km⁻¹). The prolonged run had no statistically significant effects on the running economy of either group. The results from this study indicate, that despite a marked difference in training status between the groups, there were no running economy differences elucidated. Also the effects of a prolonged run near the ventilatory threshold were of insufficient duration and/or intensity to significantly affect the running economy of either group.
Detection of inclined and horizontal showers in the Pierre Auger Observatory
Creators: name: Van Elewyck, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Pierre Auger Observatory can detect with high efficiency the air showers induced by ultra-high energy cosmic rays incident at large (> 60 deg.) zenith angles. We describe here the specific characteristics of inclined and horizontal showers, as well as the characteristics of their signal in the surface detector. We point out their relevance both to extend the potential of the detector, and in the context of the detection of high-energy cosmic neutrinos.
description: 3 pages, 2 figures. To be published in the Proceedings of the CINVESTAV Advanced Summer School, 2005 (Mexico)
Broilers’ Supply Value Chain in the National Capital Region Delhi: A Case Study of Ghazipur Poultry Market
Creators: name: Gangwar, L.S.
name: Saran, Sandeep
name: Kumar, Sarvesh
name: Gangwar, L.S.
name: Saran, Sandeep
name: Kumar, Sarvesh
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: The marketing of broilers/chicken meat in the National Capital Region (NCR) Delhi has been compared in two distinct kinds of markets, viz. organized (shopping malls, organized multi-product retailers) and unorganized or primarily wet markets (exclusive chicken dressers, poultry meat retailers, etc.). Data have been collected from various functionaries involved in marketing of broilers/poultry meat in the NCR Delhi during the year 2008-09 through primary survey. The most prominent channel in the unorganized broiler market has been found as: Producer-Wholesaler- Dresser-cum-Retailers –Consumer, whereas the same in the organized market as Producer - Commission agent- Supplier-Distributor- Shopping Malls/ Hotels/ Retailer-Consumer. The marketing cost, marketing margins, price spread and producers’ share in consumers’ rupee, in the most efficient unorganized marketing channel have been found as Rs 10480, Rs 30220, Rs 40700 per tonne (live wt. basis) and 62 per cent, respectively, whereas the corresponding figures in the most efficient organized marketing channel were Rs 12750, Rs 76350, Rs 88500 per tonne and 43 per cent. The wholesale regulated poultry market at Ghazipur was the key supply centre for chicken in the NCR Delhi. The average daily arrival in the poultry market has been found over one lakh broilers accounting for about 50 per cent sales in Delhi. Over 70 per cent of the broilers at Ghazipur Poultry Market are manually dressed. The manual poultry processing has provided direct employment to nearly 5000 workers. The manual dressing of broilers has resulted in value addition of about 50 per cent on live weight basis and production of over 20 chicken meat products/ by-products. The study has also assessed the pros and cons of manual dressing of broilers vis-à-vis mechanical processing and has estimated the cost of processing in the two systems. It has been observed that manual dressing of broilers is not only cheaper but also provides employment and livelihood to a large number of illiterate and/ or semi-skilled workers. Hence, the study has suggested to improve and organize the manual dressing system so that the qualitative aspects and concerns about health and hygiene could also be addressed. Erratic power supply, long power cuts, lack of refrigerated transportation facility, poor monitoring of food safety and quality norms in manual processing, rampant corruption in transportation of live chickens, etc. have been identified as the major constraints in marketing of broilers/chicken meat in the NCR Delhi.
Real-Time Spatio-Temporal LiDAR Point Cloud Compression
Creators: name: Feng, Yu
name: Liu, Shaoshan
name: Zhu, Yuhao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Compressing massive LiDAR point clouds in real-time is critical to autonomous machines such as drones and self-driving cars. While most of the recent prior work has focused on compressing individual point cloud frames, this paper proposes a novel system that effectively compresses a sequence of point clouds. The idea to exploit both the spatial and temporal redundancies in a sequence of point cloud frames. We first identify a key frame in a point cloud sequence and spatially encode the key frame by iterative plane fitting. We then exploit the fact that consecutive point clouds have large overlaps in the physical space, and thus spatially encoded data can be (re-)used to encode the temporal stream. Temporal encoding by reusing spatial encoding data not only improves the compression rate, but also avoids redundant computations, which significantly improves the compression speed. Experiments show that our compression system achieves 40x to 90x compression rate, significantly higher than the MPEG's LiDAR point cloud compression standard, while retaining high end-to-end application accuracies. Meanwhile, our compression system has a compression speed that matches the point cloud generation rate by today LiDARs and out-performs existing compression systems, enabling real-time point cloud transmission.
Exotic hadronic states at HERA
Creators: name: Vazquez, Monica
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent results from H1, ZEUS, HERMES and HERA-B on searches for exotic baryons in ep collisions, eD scattering and pA scattering at HERA are reviewed. Evidence for the production of the strange pentaquark Theta^+ and of a narrow anti-charmed baryon decaying to D^{*-}p together with negative results of pentaquark searches at HERA are presented.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, proceedings of the Hadron Structure 2004 conference, Smolenice castle. Slovakia, 30 Aug.-3 Sep.(2004)
Scenarios for the Food Industry in 2010
Creators: name: Harmsen, Hanne
name: Jensen, Birger B.
name: Sonne, Anne-Mette
name: Harmsen, Hanne
name: Jensen, Birger B.
name: Sonne, Anne-Mette
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Scenarios
subject: food industry
subject: competence requirements

description: While predicting the future is impossible, corporate decision-makers have to decide which competencies to develop precisely on this basis. This article presents the results of a research project on scenario analyses in the Danish food industry. The aim of the study is to look at alternative visions of the future of the food industry and to assess their implications for competence requirements. Given the uncertain nature of the environment, food companies cannot rely on today’s competencies being sufficient to fulfill the demands of tomorrow’s markets. However, predicting the determinants of success in the food industry 10 years hence is a daunting task. Scenario techniques can be very useful in this respect (VON REIBNITZ, 1988). The contribution of the article is the methodological approach to scenario building, which combines academic and industry input and translates the scenarios into the required competencies in each scenario. From an industry point of view, the competencies identified in each scenario can stimulate discussions of strategic choice in the food sector.
Strukturwandel durch Fusionen im Ernährungssektor: Ein anhaltender Konzentrationsprozess?
Creators: name: Neumann, Gyde
name: Weiss, Christoph R.
name: Neumann, Gyde
name: Weiss, Christoph R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: mergers and acquisitions
subject: food industry
subject: structural change
subject: merger waves
subject: panel analysis
subject: industry characteristics
subject: economic cycle

description: Mergers and acquisitions substantially affect the structure of the German food industry. This study analyses changes in the number of mergers and acquisitions for 21 German industries between 1976 and 1994. The results of an econometric panel data analysis show (a) a high degree of persistence, (b) distinct anti-cyclical fluctuations and a positive trend of merger activities as well as (c) significant effects of industry specific characteristics. Contrary to the available empirical literature the econometric model differentiates between industry characteristics of “acquiring” and “acquired” firms.
2MASS J04435686+3723033 B: A Young Companion at the Substellar Boundary with Potential Membership in the $β$ Pictoris Moving Group
Creators: name: Phillips, Caprice
name: Bowler, Brendan
name: Mace, Gregory
name: Liu, Michael
name: Sokal, Kimberly
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed characterization of 2MASS J04435750+3723031, a low-mass companion orbiting the young M2 star, 2MASS J04435686+3723033, at 7.6 arcseconds (550 AU) with potential membership in the 23 Myr $β$ Pictoris moving group ($β$PMG). Using near-infrared spectroscopy of the companion from IRTF/SpeX we have found a spectral type of M6 $\pm$ 1 and indications of youth through age-sensitive absorption lines and a low surface gravity index (VL-G). A young age is supported by H$α$ emission and lithium absorption in the host. We re-evaluate the membership of this system and find that it is a marginally consistent kinematic match to the $β$PMG using $Gaia$ parallaxes and new radial velocities for the host and companion. If this system does belong to the $β$PMG, it would be a kinematic outlier and the companion would be over-luminous compared to other similar ultracool objects like PZ Tel B; this would suggest 2M0443+3723 B could be a close brown dwarf binary ($\approx$52+52 M$_\mathrm{Jup}$ if equal-flux, compared with 99 $\pm$ 5 M$_\mathrm{Jup}$ if single), and would make it the sixth substellar companion in this group. To test this hypothesis, we acquired NIR AO images with Keck II/NIRC2, but they do not resolve the companion to be a binary down to the diffraction limit of $\sim$3 AU. If 2M0443+3723 AB does not belong to any moving group then its age is more uncertain. In this case it is still young ($\lesssim$30 Myr), and the implied mass of the companion would be between $\sim$30--110 M$_\mathrm{Jup}$.
description: 18 pages, 18 figures, Accepted to ApJ
Innovations at the Borderline of Food, Nutrition and Health in Germany - A Systems' Theory Approach
Creators: name: Menrad, Klaus
name: Menrad, Klaus
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food
subject: Nutrition
subject: Health
subject: Food industry
subject: Functional Food
subject: Innovation system
subject: Technological System
subject: Germany

description: This article deals with the innovation system in Germany at the borderline of food, nutrition and health. After an overview over existing concepts to analyse innovations in system theory, the major factors (technologies, economic competence, institutional infrastructure, development block) are studied which determine the innovation system in this area in Germany. Afterwards recommendations are outlined on how to modify the innovation system in future.
The Dairy Sector in the Central European Candidate (CEC) Countries – The Status of Restructuring and Future Challenges
Creators: name: Hartmann, Monika
name: Hartmann, Monika
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Central European candidate countries
subject: dairy industry
subject: restructuring process
subject: competitiveness

description: The dairy sector in the CEC countries had to cope with tremendous adjustment pressures in the 90ies. Privatization and liberalization contributed to intense competition on the CEC countries’ dairy market. Major problems that impede the competitiveness of this sector are a considerable fragmentation of the dairy processing industry, pronounced excess capacities, high seasonality of milk production and low investment activities. The latter delays the modernization of processing technologies and thus hinders quality improvements and the adjustments of hygienic conditions as well as product and process standards to EU norms. These problems are common to all CEC countries, though to different degrees. In addition, especially in Bulgaria and Romania, but also in Poland, Lithuania and Latvia the dairy industry is burdened by the low quality of the raw material and high milk collecting costs. Improving technical as well as economic efficiency in the primary and processing sector and seeking strategic alliances are necessary to secure the competitiveness of the CEC countries` dairy industry in EU and world markets.
Additional file 1 of Newborn Behavioral Observation, maternal stress, depressive symptoms and the mother-infant relationship: results from the Northern Babies Longitudinal Study (NorBaby)
Creators: name: Høifødt, Ragnhild Sørensen
name: Nordahl, Dag
name: Landsem, Inger Pauline
name: Csifcsák, Gábor
name: Bohne, Agnes
name: Pfuhl, Gerit
name: Rognmo, Kamilla
name: Braarud, Hanne C.
name: Goksøyr, Arnold
name: Moe, Vibeke
name: Slinning, Kari
name: Wang, Catharina Elisabeth Arfwedson
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Description of demographic and clinical variables at inclusion for the groups receiving the Newborn Behavioral Observation and care as usual (full sample, n = 220).