cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 1 of Effects of widespread community use of face masks on communication, participation, and quality of life in Australia during the COVID-19 pandemic
Creators: name: Galvin, Karyn L.
name: Tomlin, Dani
name: Joubert, Lynette
name: Story, Lauren
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. List of survey items and response options.
Ko-Labs als kooperatives Coaching in der Lehrkräftebildung
Creators: name: Conty, Valentina
name: Grundmann, Stephanie
name: Langen, Nina
Publisher: name: Die Materialwerkstatt. Zeitschrift für Konzepte und Arbeitsmaterialien für Lehrer*innenbildung und Unterricht.
Year: 2023

description: Die Lehrkräftebildung der beruflichen Fachrichtung Ernährung und Hauswirtschaft unterliegt zahlreichen Herausforderungen. Zum einem existiert der doppelte Praxisbezug in Form von Schule und Betrieb; zum anderen müssen aktuelle Querschnittsthemen wie Nachhaltigkeit, Digitalisierung und der Umgang mit einer heterogenen Schüler*innenschaft inklusiv berücksichtigt werden. Im Lehr- und Lernprozess von Studierenden nimmt die Entwicklung und Erprobung von Unterrichtsaufgaben zur Anwendung durch ihre späteren Berufsschüler*innen eine wichtige Rolle ein. Diesen Prozess fördert an der Technischen Universität Berlin (TUB) die Implementierung eines neuartigen hochschuldidaktischen Lehr-Lernformats, das als Vorbereitung auf das Praxissemester, welches im dritten Mastersemester vorgesehen ist, seit 2020 erprobt wird. Es nennt sich Kooperationslabor, kurz Ko-Lab. Es hat zum Ziel, die von Studierenden in Befragungen geäußerte wahrgenommene Theorie-Praxis-Diskrepanz zwischen Schule, Universität und den zu unterrichtenden Berufen der Schüler*innen zu überwinden. Dazu nutzt das Ko-Lab-Konzept kooperatives Coaching. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt den Aufbau des entwickelten kooperativen Coaching-Formats und zeigt anhand eines Best-Practice-Beispiels aus einem Bereich der Hauswirtschaft die Berücksichtigung fachspezifischer Qualitätskriterien für die Gestaltung von Unterrichtsaufgaben. Der Beitrag schließt mit einer Diskussion über die Ko-Labs als Verknüpfungsformat von Theorie und doppelter Praxis unter Einbezug aktueller Querschnittsthemen aus Studierendenperspektive ab.
description: Die Materialwerkstatt. Zeitschrift für Konzepte und Arbeitsmaterialien für Lehrer*innenbildung und Unterricht., Bd. 5 Nr. 2 (2023): Beratung und Supervision – Einblicke in Formate im Rahmen der Bildung von Lehrer*innen
Dose Response Effects of Dermally applied Diethanolamine on Neurogenesis in Fetal Mouse Hippocampus and Potential Exposure of Humans
Creators: name: Craciunescu, Corneliu N.
name: Niculescu, Mihai D.
name: Zeisel, Steven H.
name: Fischer, Leslie
name: Guo, Zhong
name: Johnson, Amy R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Diethanolamine (DEA) is a common ingredient of personal care products. Dermal administration of DEA diminishes hepatic stores of the essential nutrient choline and alters brain development. We previously reported that 80 mg/kg/day of DEA during pregnancy in mice reduced neurogenesis and increased apoptosis in the fetal hippocampus. This study was designed to establish the dose-response relationships for this effect of DEA. Timed-pregnant C57BL/6 mouse dams were dosed dermally from gestation day 7–17 with DEA at 0 (controls), 5, 40, 60, and 80 mg/kg body/day. Fetuses (embryonic day 17 [E17]) from dams treated dermally with 80 mg/kg body/day DEA had decreased neural progenitor cell mitosis at the ventricular surface of the ventricular zone (hippocampus, 54.1 ± 5.5%; cortex, 58.9 ± 6.8%; compared to controls; p < 0.01). Also, this dose of DEA to dams increased rates of apoptosis in E17 fetal hippocampus (to 177.2 ± 21.5% of control; measured using activated caspase-3; p < 0.01). This dose of DEA resulted in accumulation of DEA and its metabolites in liver and in plasma. At doses of DEA less than 80 mg/kg body/day to dams, there were no differences between treated and control groups. In a small group of human subjects, dermal treatment for 1 month with a commercially available skin lotion containing 1.8 mg DEA per gram resulted in detectable plasma concentrations of DEA and dimethyldiethanolamine, but these were far below those concentrations associated with perturbed brain development in the mouse.
Dimension-Independent Bounds for Hardy's Experiment
Creators: name: Xu, Zhen-Peng
name: Su, Hong-Yi
name: Chen, Jing-Ling
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hardy's paradox is of fundamental importance in quantum information theory. So far, there have been two types of its extensions into higher dimensions: in the first type the maximum probability of nonlocal events is roughly $9\%$ and remains the same as the dimension changes (dimension-independent), while in the second type the probability becomes larger as the dimension increases, reaching approximately $40\%$ in the infinite limit. Here, we (i) give an alternative proof of the first type, (ii) study the situation in which the maximum probability of nonlocal events can also be dimension-independent in the second type, and (iii) conjecture how the situation could be changed in order that (ii) still holds.
description: 4 pages, no figure
Population-Based Discovery of Toxicogenomics Biomarkers for Hepatotoxicity Using a Laboratory Strain Diversity Panel
Creators: name: Ross, Pamela K.
name: Threadgill, David W.
name: Rusyn, Ivan
name: Gatti, Daniel M.
name: Harrill, Alison H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Toxicogenomic studies are increasingly used to uncover potential biomarkers of adverse health events, enrich chemical risk assessment, and to facilitate proper identification and treatment of persons susceptible to toxicity. Current approaches to biomarker discovery through gene expression profiling usually utilize a single or few strains of rodents, limiting the ability to detect biomarkers that may represent the wide range of toxicity responses typically observed in genetically heterogeneous human populations. To enhance the utility of animal models to detect response biomarkers for genetically diverse populations, we used a laboratory mouse strain diversity panel. Specifically, mice from 36 inbred strains derived from Mus mus musculus, Mus mus castaneous, and Mus mus domesticus origins were treated with a model hepatotoxic agent, acetaminophen (300 mg/kg, ig). Gene expression profiling was performed on liver tissue collected at 24 h after dosing. We identified 26 population-wide biomarkers of response to acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in which the changes in gene expression were significant across treatment and liver necrosis score but not significant for individual mouse strains. Importantly, most of these biomarker genes are part of the intracellular signaling involved in hepatocyte death and include genes previously associated with acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity, such as cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21) and interleukin 6 signal transducer (Il6st), and genes not previously associated with acetaminophen, such as oncostatin M receptor (Osmr) and MLX interacting protein like (Mlxipl). Our data demonstrate that a multistrain approach may provide utility for understanding genotype-independent toxicity responses and facilitate identification of novel targets of therapeutic intervention.
Versagung von Persönlichem als Herausforderung für Supervision mit Lehramtsstudierenden
Creators: name: Albers, Stine
Publisher: name: Die Materialwerkstatt. Zeitschrift für Konzepte und Arbeitsmaterialien für Lehrer*innenbildung und Unterricht.
Year: 2023

description: In diesem Artikel soll ein Spannungsfeld verdeutlicht werden, das sich für mich im Hochschulkontext aus der Notwendigkeit der Berücksichtigung von Lehramtsstudierenden in ihrer Subjekthaftigkeit sowie Qualifikationsanforderungen von Bildungsinstitutionen ergibt und in dem sich für mich Supervision bewegt. Ich gehe davon aus, dass es in der Gestaltung dieses Spannungsfelds von Hochschul- und Studierendenseite zur Versagung von persönlichem Erleben von Lehramtsstudierenden kommt. Diese zweiseitige Versagung von Persönlichem soll in diesem Artikel weiter ausgeführt werden. Sie stellt für mich eine bei Supervisionen im Hochschulkontext zu berücksichtigende Herausforderung dar.
description: Die Materialwerkstatt. Zeitschrift für Konzepte und Arbeitsmaterialien für Lehrer*innenbildung und Unterricht., Bd. 5 Nr. 2 (2023): Beratung und Supervision – Einblicke in Formate im Rahmen der Bildung von Lehrer*innen
Lernaufgaben als Element einer protoberuflichen Fachdidaktik
Creators: name: Koerber, Rolf
name: Wittig, Karen
Publisher: name: PraxisForschungLehrer*innenBildung. Zeitschrift für Schul- und Professionsentwicklung.
Year: 2023

description: Die vielfältigen Fächer der arbeitsorientierten Bildung orientieren sich in hohem Maße an der beruflichen Bildung und an der Entwicklung der Arbeits- und Lebenswelt. Der Beitrag beschreibt Elemente einer protoberuflichen, also „vorberuflichen“ Fachdidaktik exemplarisch für das Fach Wirtschaft-Technik-Haushalt/Soziales (WTH/S) in Sachsen und konzentriert sich auf die Bedeutung von Lernaufgaben für das Fach. Ziel des Beitrags ist die Klärung des Verhältnisses zwischen allgemeiner und beruflicher Didaktik in den berufsorientierenden und lebenspraktischen Fächern unter Berücksichtigung lernpsychologischer und lerntheoretischer Aspekte.
description: PraxisForschungLehrer*innenBildung. Zeitschrift für Schul- und Professionsentwicklung., Bd. 5 Nr. 1 (2023): PraxisForschungLehrer*innenBildung – Ausgabe 5
title: Mann und sein Fleisch - hat Fleisch ein Geschlecht?
Creators: name: Stefan, Caroline
Year: 2022

description: Die vorliegende Masterarbeit behandelt die Fragestellung „Inwiefern wird Männlichkeit mit Fleischkonsum in Zusammenhang gebracht und wie werden betroffene männliche, vegane bzw. vegetarische Männer und ihre „Männlichkeit“ in der Gesellschaft in Österreich gesehen?“. Diese Frage wurde durch eine qualitative Forschung anhand von halbstrukturierten Leitfadeninterviews mit Männern durchgeführt, welche sich ohne Fleisch ernähren und Männern, welche Fleisch zu ihrem Speiseplan zählen. Da ich mich selbst vegan ernähre, lag mir die Beleuchtung dieses Themas sehr am Herzen. Der Entscheidung, bewusst auf Fleisch zu verzichten passiert in Österreich immer öfter. Trotzdem sinkt der Fleischkonsum prozentuell gesehen nur wenig. Größtenteils ist der weibliche Teil der Bevölkerung für den Verzicht des Verzehrs von Fleisch verantwortlich. In vielen Bereichen des Lebens werden gesellschaftliche Geschlechterrollen verteilt, dies betrifft auch das Ernährungsverhalten. In dieser Arbeit wird ein Einblick auf die männliche Sichtweise von Männlichkeit und Veganismus gewährt. Die Definition von Männlichkeit ist gesellschaftlich konnotiert und wird auch mit Fleischkonsum, Stärke und Unterdrückung von Emotionen in Verbindung gebracht. Der Vegetarismus und Veganismus wird jedoch immer beliebter und findet auch bei Männern mehr Ansehen. Trotzdem fühlen sich männliche Vegetarier und Veganer marginalisiert und geraten immer wieder vor allem von männlichen Fleischkonsumenten unter Kritik wegen ihres Lebensstils. Auch müssen sie sich öfters für ihren fleischlosen Konsum rechtfertigen und ihr „Geschlecht“ unter Beweis stellen. Obwohl gesundheitliche sowie umweltschädigende Folgen in Zusammenhang mit Fleisch stehen, und diese den Fleischkonsumenten auch bewusst sind, wird nicht darauf verzichtet, da dies ein Teil der eigenen Individualität darstellt. Um dieses Klischee zu ändern, müssten gesellschaftliche Normen und Generalisierungen verändert werden. Das Argument, dass Männer Fleisch brauchen, um Muskeln und Stärke aufzubauen, wurde durch die empirische Forschung widerlegt. Geschlechterrollen werden durch soziale Netzwerke und Medien reproduziert, könnten zukünftig aber diese starren Rollenbilder auch verändern.
Mapping the Integrated Sachs-Wolfe Effect
Creators: name: Manzotti, A.
name: Dodelson, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On large scales, the anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) reflect not only the primordial field but also the energy gain when photons traverse decaying gravitational potentials of large scales structure, the Integrated Sachs-Wolfe (ISW) effect. Decomposing the anisotropy signal into a primordial piece and an ISW component is more urgent than ever as cosmologists strive to understand the Universe on the largest of scales. Here we present a likelihood technique for extracting the ISW signal from measurements of the CMB, the distribution of galaxies, and maps of gravitational lensing. We test this technique first to simulated data and then we apply it to the combination of temperature anisotropies, the lensing map made by the Planck satellite, and the NVSS galaxy survey. We also show projections for upcoming surveys.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures
title: Deutschsprachige Archivarsausbildungen im Vergleich
Creators: name: Kegel, Roland Stefan
Year: 2022

description: Inhalt dieser Arbeit ist ein Vergleich deutschsprachiger archivarischer Ausbildungen. Zunächst werden die einzelnen Lehren, Vorbereitungsdienste und Studiengänge in ihrer heutigen Form kurz vorgestellt. Danach werden inhaltliche Veränderungen der jeweiligen archivarischen Ausbildung im Laufe der Zeit herausgearbeitet. Hierzu erfolgt eine Entflechtung der fachtheoretischen Inhalte nach den Kategorien Archiv, Geschichte, Verwaltung und Sonstiges. Durch diese Zuordnungen ist eine Entwicklung innerhalb der jeweiligen archivarischen Ausbildung ablesbar sowie Schwerpunktsetzung beschreibbar. Anschließend folgt ein Vergleich der Ausbildungen innerhalb des gleichen EQR-Niveaus. Dem geht abschließend nach, welche Form und Inhalte eine archivarische Ausbildung in Österreich in Zukunft haben könnte.
Transgenerational Effects of Di (2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate in the Male CRL:CD(SD) Rat: Added Value of Assessing Multiple Offspring per Litter
Creators: name: Furr, Johnathan R.
name: Howdeshell, Kembra L.
name: Gray, Leon Earl
name: Barlow, Norman J.
name: Gray, Clark L.
name: Ostby, Joseph S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: In the rat, some phthalates alter sexual differentiation at relatively low dosage levels by altering fetal Leydig cell development and hormone synthesis, thereby inducing abnormalities of the testis, gubernacular ligaments, epididymis, and other androgen-dependent tissues. In order to define the dose-response relationship between di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and the Phthalate Syndrome of reproductive alterations in F1 male rats, Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat dams were dosed by gavage from gestational day 8 to day 17 of lactation with 0, 11, 33, 100, or 300 mg/kg/day DEHP (71–93 males per dose from 12 to 14 litters per dose). Some of the male offspring continued to be exposed to DEHP via gavage from 18 days of age to necropsy at 63–65 days of age (PUB cohort; 16–20/dose). Remaining males were not exposed after postnatal day 17 (in utero-lactational [IUL] cohort) and were necropsied after reaching full maturity. Anogenital distance, sperm counts and reproductive organ weights were reduced in F1 males in the 300 mg/kg/day group and they displayed retained nipples. In the IUL cohort, seminal vesicle weight also was reduced at 100 mg/kg/day. In contrast, serum testosterone and estradiol levels were unaffected in either the PUB or IUL cohorts at necropsy. A significant percentage of F1 males displayed one or more Phthalate Syndrome lesions at 11 mg/kg/day DEHP and above. We were able to detect effects in the lower dose groups only because we examined all the males in each litter rather than only one male per litter. Power calculations demonstrate how using multiple males versus one male/litter enhances the detection of the effects of DEHP. The results at 11 mg/kg/day confirm those reported from a National Toxicology Program multigenerational study which reported no observed adverse effect levels-lowest observed adverse effect levels of 5 and 10 mg/kg/day DEHP, respectively, via the diet.
Additional file 1 of Inhaled mosliciguat (BAY 1237592): targeting pulmonary vasculature via activating apo-sGC
Creators: name: Becker-Pelster, Eva M.
name: Hahn, Michael G.
name: Delbeck, Martina
name: Dietz, Lisa
name: Hüser, Jörg
name: Kopf, Johannes
name: Kraemer, Thomas
name: Marquardt, Tobias
name: Mondritzki, Thomas
name: Nagelschmitz, Johannes
name: Nikkho, Sylvia M.
name: Pires, Philippe V.
name: Tinel, Hanna
name: Weimann, Gerrit
name: Wunder, Frank
name: Sandner, Peter
name: Schuhmacher, Joachim
name: Stasch, Johannes-Peter
name: Truebel, Hubert K. F.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Treatment scheme of inhaled and systemic administered mosliciguat and of vehicle treatment in the minipig model. Each animal underwent eight unilateral ventilation cycles and animals were divided into two groups.
Limitations of Particle-Based Spasers
Creators: name: Kewes, Günter
name: Herrmann, Kathrin
name: Rodríguez-Oliveros, Rogelio
name: Kuhlicke, Alexander
name: Benson, Oliver
name: Busch, Kurt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a semi-classical analytic model for spherical core-shell surface plasmon lasers. Within this model, we drop the widely used one-mode approximations in favor of fully electromagnetic Mie theory. This allows for incorporation of realistic gain relaxation rates that so far have been massively underestimated. Especially, higher order modes can undermine and even reverse the beneficial effects of the strong Purcell effect in such systems. Our model gives a clear view on gain- and resonator-requirements, as well as on the output characteristics that will help experimenters to design more efficient particle-based spasers.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Arsenic (+ 3 Oxidation State) Methyltransferase and the Methylation of Arsenicals in the Invertebrate Chordate Ciona intestinalis
Creators: name: Nava, Gerardo M.
name: Boyer, James L.
name: Gaskins, H. Rex
name: Thomas, David J.
name: Cai, Shi-Ying
name: Hernández-Zavala, Araceli
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Biotransformation of inorganic arsenic (iAs) involves methylation catalyzed by arsenic (+ 3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (As3mt) yielding mono-, di-, and trimethylated arsenicals. To investigate the evolution of molecular mechanisms that mediate arsenic biotransformation, a comparative genomic approach focusing on the invertebrate chordate Ciona intestinalis was used. Bioinformatic analyses identified an As3mt gene in the C. intestinalis genome. Constitutive As3mt RNA expression was observed in heart, branchial sac, and gastrointestinal tract. Adult animals were exposed to 0 or 1 ppm of iAs for 1 or 5 days. Steady-state As3mt RNA expression in the gastrointestinal tract was not modulated significantly by 5 days of exposure to iAs. Tissue levels of iAs and its methylated metabolites were determined by hydride generation-cryotrapping-gas chromatography-atomic absorption spectrometry. At either time point, exposure to iAs significantly increased concentrations of iAs and its methylated metabolites in tissues. After 5 days of exposure, total speciated arsenic concentrations were highest in branchial sac (3705 ng/g), followed by heart (1019 ng/g) and gastrointestinal tract (835 ng/g). At this time point, the sum of the speciated arsenical concentrations in gastrointestinal tract and heart equaled or exceeded that of iAs; in branchial sac, iAs was the predominant species present. Ciona intestinalis metabolizes iAs to its methylated metabolites, which are retained in tissues. This metabolic pattern is consistent with the presence of an As3mt ortholog in its genome and constitutive expression of the gene in prominent organs, making this basal chordate a useful model to examine the evolution of arsenic detoxification.
Ο ρόλος της καινοτομίας στον κλάδο της ενέργειας
Creators: name: Γιαλελή, Αναστασία
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Πειραιώς
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Καινοτομία
subject: Ανανεώσιμες πηγές ενέργειας
subject: Υπεράκτια αιολική ενέργεια
subject: Ενεργειακός μετασχηματισμός

description: Αντικείμενο της παρούσας διπλωματικής εργασίας αποτελεί η διερεύνηση του ρόλου της καινοτομίας στον κλάδο της ενέργειας. Ειδικότερα, αναλύεται ο κλάδος των Ανανεώσιμων Πηγών Ενέργειας (ΑΠΕ) επικεντρώνοντας την μελέτη στην υπεράκτια αιολική ενέργεια και την προοπτική της στον ενεργειακό μετασχηματισμό για καθαρή ενέργεια. Μελέτη περίπτωσης επιλέχθηκε η εταιρεία Ørsted, η οποία αποτελεί τον παγκόσμιο ηγέτη στην υπεράκτια αιολική ενέργεια. Η ερευνητική διαδικασία στηρίχθηκε σε συγκεκριμένη μεθοδολογία. Το μεθοδολογικό πλαίσιο που ακολουθήθηκε για την ολοκληρωμένη προσέγγιση του θέματος είναι η βιβλιογραφική διερεύνηση βιβλία, δημοσιεύσεις σε επιστημονικά περιοδικά. Επιπλέον, πραγματοποιήθηκε εκτενής επεξεργασία πρωτογενών και δευτερογενών πηγών πληροφόρησης (στατιστικά δεδομένα, σχετικές μελέτες, ερευνητικά, στοιχεία από διεθνείς οργανισμούς, ισχύον νομοθετικό πλαίσιο κα). Η ανάπτυξη της υπεράκτιας αιολικής ενέργειας τα τελευταία 30 χρόνια αποτελεί διδακτική εμπειρία πώς μια πράσινη ενέργεια μέσω καινοτομίας μετατρέπεται σε ενέργεια ανταγωνιστική από άποψη κόστους. Η συνεχόμενη κλιμάκωση της μέσω της τεχνολογικής προόδου μετατρέπει τον κλάδο σε ανταγωνιστικό, μεγάλης κλίμακας με τάσεις που μεγιστοποιούν την αποδοτικότητά του.
Quantum Nonlocality Enhanced by Homogenization
Creators: name: Chen, Xu
name: Su, Hong-Yi
name: Xu, Zhen-Peng
name: Wu, Yu-Chun
name: Chen, Jing-Ling
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Homogenization proposed in [Y.-C Wu and M. Żukowski, Phys. Rev. A 85, 022119 (2012)] is a procedure to transform a tight Bell inequality with partial correlations into a full-correlation form that is also tight. In this paper, we check the homogenizations of two families of $n$-partite Bell inequalities: the Hardy inequality and the tight Bell inequality without quantum violation. For Hardy's inequalities, their homogenizations bear stronger quantum violation for the maximally entangled state; the tight Bell inequalities without quantum violation give the boundary of quantum and supra-quantum, but their homogenizations do not have the similar properties. We find their homogenization are violated by the maximally entangled state. Numerically computation shows the the domains of quantum violation of homogenized Hardy's inequalities for the generalized GHZ states are smaller than those of Hardy's inequalities.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Distribution of DNA Adducts Caused by Inhaled Formaldehyde Is Consistent with Induction of Nasal Carcinoma but Not Leukemia
Creators: name: Collins, Leonard B.
name: Ru, Hongyu
name: Bermudez, Edilberto
name: Swenberg, James A.
name: Lu, Kun
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Inhaled formaldehyde is classified as a known human and animal carcinogen, causing nasopharyngeal cancer. Additionally, limited epidemiological evidence for leukemia in humans is available; however, this is inconsistent across studies. Both genotoxicity and cytotoxicity are key events in formaldehyde nasal carcinogenicity in rats, but mechanistic data for leukemia are not well established. Formation of DNA adducts is a key event in initiating carcinogenesis. Formaldehyde can induce DNA monoadducts, DNA-DNA cross-links, and DNA protein cross-links. In this study, highly sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-selected reaction monitoringmethods were developed and [13CD2]-formaldehyde exposures utilized, allowing differentiation of DNA adducts and DNA-DNA cross-links originating from endogenous and inhalation-derived formaldehyde exposure. The results show that exogenous formaldehyde induced N2-hydroxymethyl-dG monoadducts and dG-dG cross-links in DNA from rat respiratory nasal mucosa but did not form [13CD2]-adducts in sites remote to the portal of entry, even when five times more DNA was analyzed. Furthermore, no N6-HO13CD2-dA adducts were detected in nasal DNA. In contrast, high amounts of endogenous formaldehyde dG and dA monoadducts were present in all tissues examined. The number of exogenous N2-HO13CD2-dG in 1- and 5-day nasal DNA samples from rats exposed to 10-ppm [13CD2]-formaldehyde was 1.28 ± 0.49 and 2.43 ± 0.78 adducts/107 dG, respectively, while 2.63 ± 0.73 and 2.84 ± 1.13 N2-HOCH2-dG adducts/107 dG and 3.95 ± 0.26 and 3.61 ± 0.95 N6-HOCH2-dA endogenous adducts/107 dA were present. This study provides strong evidence supporting a genotoxic and cytotoxic mode of action for the carcinogenesis of inhaled formaldehyde in respiratory nasal epithelium but does not support the biological plausibility that inhaled formaldehyde also causes leukemia.
Exposure-Response of 1,2:3,4-Diepoxybutane–Specific N-Terminal Valine Adducts in Mice and Rats after Inhalation Exposure to 1,3-Butadiene
Creators: name: Walker, Vernon E.
name: Boysen, Gunnar
name: Georgieva, Nadia I.
name: Bordeerat, Narisa
name: Swenberg, James A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: 1,3-Butadiene (BD) is a known rodent and human carcinogen that is metabolized mainly by P450 2E1 to three epoxides, 1,2-epoxy-3-butene (EB), 1,2:3,4-diepoxybutane (DEB), and 1,2-epoxy-3,4-butanediol. The individual epoxides vary up to 200-fold in their mutagenic potency, with DEB being the most mutagenic metabolite. It is important to understand the internal formation of the individual epoxides to assign the relative risk for each metabolite and to understand the molecular mechanisms responsible for extensive species differences in carcinogenicity. This study presents a comprehensive exposure-response for the formation of the DEB-specific N,N-(2,3-dihydroxy-1,4-butadiyl)valine (pyr-Val) in mice and rats. Using nano-ultra high pressure liquid chromatography-tandem-mass spectrometry allowed analysis of pyr-Val in mice and rats exposed to BD as low as 0.1 and 0.5 ppm BD, respectively, and demonstrated significant differences in the amounts and exposure-response of pyr-Val formation. Mice formed 10- to 60-fold more pyr-Val compared to rats at similar exposures. The formation of pyr-Val increased with exposures, and the formation was most efficient with regard to formation per parts per million BD at low exposures. While formation at higher exposures appeared linear in mice, in rats formation saturated at exposures ≥ 200 ppm for 10 days. In rats, amounts of pyr-Val were lower after 20 days than after 10 days of exposure, suggesting that the lifespan of rat erythrocytes may be shortened following exposure to BD. This research supports the hypothesis that the lower susceptibility of rats to BD-induced carcinogenesis results from greatly reduced formation of DEB following exposure to BD.
Mechanism for Prevention of Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury by Dietary Methyl Donors
Creators: name: Melnyk, Stepan
name: Pogribny, Igor P.
name: Powell, Christine L.
name: Rusyn, Ivan
name: O’Connell, Thomas M.
name: Tsuchiya, Masato
name: Bleyle, Lisa
name: Uehara, Takeki
name: Koop, Dennis R.
name: Craig, Christopher Patrick
name: Bradford, Blair U.
name: Threadgill, David W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Alcohol-induced liver injury (ALI) has been associated with, among other molecular changes, abnormal hepatic methionine metabolism, resulting in decreased levels of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). Dietary methyl donor supplements such as SAM and betaine mitigate ALI in animal models; however, the mechanisms of protection remain elusive. It has been suggested that methyl donors may act via attenuation of alcohol-induced oxidative stress. We hypothesized that the protective action of methyl donors is mediated by an effect on the oxidative metabolism of alcohol in the liver. Male C57BL/6J mice were administered a control high-fat diet or diet enriched in methyl donors with or without alcohol for 4 weeks using the enteral alcohol feeding model. As expected, attenuation of ALI and an increase in reduced glutathione:oxidized glutathione ratio were achieved with methyl donor supplementation. Interestingly, methyl donors led to a 35% increase in blood alcohol elimination rate, and while there was no effect on alcohol metabolism in the stomach, a profound effect on liver alcohol metabolism was observed. The catalase-dependent pathway of alcohol metabolism was induced, yet the increase in CYP2E1 activity by alcohol was blunted, which may be mitigating production of oxidants. Additional factors contributing to the protective effects of methyl donors in ALI were increased activity of low- and high-Km aldehyde dehydrogenases leading to lower hepatic acetaldehyde, maintenance of the efficient mitochondrial energy metabolism, and promotion of peroxisomal β-oxidation. Profound changes in alcohol metabolism represent additional important mechanism of the protective effect of methyl donors in ALI.
Short-term Exposure to Triclosan Decreases Thyroxine In Vivo via Upregulation of Hepatic Catabolism in Young Long-Evans Rats
Creators: name: Hedge, Joan M.
name: Paul, Katie B.
name: DeVito, Michael J.
name: Crofton, Kevin M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Triclosan (5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-phenol) is a chlorinated phenolic antibacterial compound found in consumer products. In vitro human pregnane X receptor activation, hepatic phase I enzyme induction, and decreased in vivo total thyroxine (T4) suggest adverse effects on thyroid hormone homeostasis. Current research tested the hypothesis that triclosan decreases circulating T4 via upregulation of hepatic catabolism and transport. Weanling female Long-Evans rats received triclosan (0–1000 mg/kg/day) by gavage for 4 days. Whole blood and liver were collected 24 h later. Total serum T4, triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured by radioimmunoassay. Hepatic microsomal assays measured ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase, pentoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (PROD), and uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase enzyme activities. The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of cytochrome P450s 1a1, 2b1/2, and 3a1/23; UGTs 1a1, 1a6, and 2b5; sulfotransferases 1c1 and 1b1; and hepatic transporters Oatp1a1, Oatp1a4, Mrp2, and Mdr1b was measured by quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR. Total T4 decreased dose responsively, down to 43% of control at 1000 mg/kg/day. Total T3 was decreased to 89 and 75% of control at 300 and 1000 mg/kg/day. TSH did not change. Triclosan dose dependently increased PROD activity up to 900% of control at 1000 mg/kg/day. T4 glucuronidation increased nearly twofold at 1000 mg/kg/day. Cyp2b1/2 and Cyp3a1/23 mRNA expression levels were induced twofold and fourfold at 300 mg/kg/day. Ugt1a1 and Sult1c1 mRNA expression levels increased 2.2-fold and 2.6-fold at 300 mg/kg/day. Transporter mRNA expression levels were unchanged. These data denote important key events in the mode of action for triclosan-induced hypothyroxinemia in rats and suggest that this effect may be partially due to upregulation of hepatic catabolism but not due to mRNA expression changes in the tested hepatic transporters.
Cultural heritage data as sources for databases of historical language use of Hungarian
Creators: name: Dömötör Adrienne
name: Gugán Katalin
name: Varga Mónika
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The Middle Hungarian period, i.e. the interval time between the second third of the sixteenth century and the second third of the eighteenth century is less intensively explored so far. This also is the earliest period of the history of Hungarian for which an appropriate amount of extant text material is at our disposal for studying the language use of everyday private life with the necessary thoroughness (cf. Dömötör–Gugán–Varga 2021).
 The present proposal focuses on two databases designed by the presenters and their team: The Old and Middle Hungarian corpus of informal language use (Történeti Magánéleti Korpusz, TMK) and The corpus of memoirs and dramas (Középmagyar emlékirat- és drámakorpusz). Both of the corpora contain texts representing important sources of the cultural heritage of Hungarian: ego-documents from noblemen and noblewomen, genres related to everyday language use involving speakers with lower social status as well, and constructed dialogs imitating everyday language use in fiction.
 The Old and Middle Hungarian corpus of informal language use (tmk.nytud.hu) consists of private letters and records of witch trials from between the fifteenth-century beginnings and 1772, a total of 8 million characters. This presentation highlights some requirements and steps of the corpus building executed by the historical linguists in a collaboration with the computational linguist. It includes the manual normalization and disambiguation for diachronic adequacy, the morphological analysis and query interface. This database is the first fully normalized and annotated historical corpus of Hungarian completed with sociolinguistic information (Novák–Gugán–Varga–Dömötör 2018).
 The other topic of the presentation is The corpus of memoirs and dramas, the building of which is in progress following the guidelines developed for the previous corpus (cf. Gugán 2020). The language use of memoires and dramas in Middle Hungarian proved to be suitable as an extension to the more directly speech-related sources of TMK. Memoires are ego-documents, yet they are still farther from informal language use than private letters. Dramas are constructed texts, however, they are speech-purposed as well. Therefore, the four registers to be included all share certain characteristics, but each differs in at least one feature.
 In both corpora, all of the records are normalized and morphologically annotated. The new corpus is also planned to get a freely available user-friendly query interface, providing a valuable source of information for historical linguists and specialists or students of related fields.
Atrazine and Breast Cancer: A Framework Assessment of the Toxicological and Epidemiological Evidence
Creators: name: Eldridge, J. Charles
name: Swenberg, James A.
name: Hovey, Russell C.
name: Stevens, James T.
name: Weiss, Noel
name: Pastoor, Timothy P.
name: Plant, Tony M.
name: Brusick, David
name: Breckenridge, Charles B.
name: Simpkins, James W.
name: Handa, Robert J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: The causal relationship between atrazine exposure and the occurrence of breast cancer in women was evaluated using the framework developed by Adami et al. (2011) wherein biological plausibility and epidemiological evidence were combined to conclude that a causal relationship between atrazine exposure and breast cancer is “unlikely”. Carcinogenicity studies in female Sprague-Dawley (SD) but not Fischer-344 rats indicate that high doses of atrazine caused a decreased latency and an increased incidence of combined adenocarcinoma and fibroadenoma mammary tumors. There were no effects of atrazine on any other tumor type in male or female SD or Fischer-344 rats or in three strains of mice. Seven key events that precede tumor expression in female SD rats were identified. Atrazine induces mammary tumors in aging female SD rats by suppressing the luteinizing hormone surge, thereby supporting a state of persistent estrus and prolonged exposure to endogenous estrogen and prolactin. This endocrine mode of action has low biological plausibility for women because women who undergo reproductive senescence have low rather than elevated levels of estrogen and prolactin. Four alternative modes of action (genotoxicity, estrogenicity, upregulation of aromatase gene expression or delayed mammary gland development) were considered and none could account for the tumor response in SD rats. Epidemiological studies provide no support for a causal relationship between atrazine exposure and breast cancer. This conclusion is consistent with International Agency for Research on Cancer’s classification of atrazine as “unclassifiable as to carcinogenicity” and the United States Environmental Protection Agency's classification of atrazine as “not likely to be carcinogenic.”
Central Asia and Mongolia Gender Data Portal
Creators: name: Womack, Ryan
name: Arystanbek, Aizada
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Central Asia
Mongolia
Gender
Data
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Gender Data

description: The Central Asia and Mongolia Gender Data Portal (CAMGDP) is a data portal created by Rutgers University - New Brunswick Libraries to assist scholars, academics, activists, and students in finding gender-related data on Central Asia and Mongolia. We compile quantitative and qualitative sources, informational websites, media publications, and organizations that work in Kazakhstan. Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Mongolia. Our focus on gendered data comes from personal research interests and observations of the lack of gender-related data portals on the countries of Central Asia and Mongolia, countries that share similar cultural, political, and economic influences. Given the rising interest in the region, our goal is to provide a guide to everyone committed to a non-violent knowledge production on Central Asia and Mongolia. We aim to not only collect a list of sources as a starting point for research but also to assist in the critical analysis of the gender-related data and publications available on Central Asia and Mongolia. While INGOs and their contribution are important, our portal prioritizes local initiatives and grassroots organizations in an effort to give them the same credit and exposure as their international and foreign counterparts often receive in Western scholarship and media. By creating a comprehensive data portal with relevant reflections, remarks, and facts, we hope to help researchers find local, regional, and international initiatives, publications, and secondary sources and engage in a more horizontal work with Central Asian and Mongolian communities. This poster describes initial work on development of the portal and initial research on Kazakhstan, the first country to be profiled.
Universal Thermal Corrections to Entanglement Entropy for Conformal Field Theories on Spheres
Creators: name: Herzog, Christopher P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider entanglement entropy of a cap-like region for a conformal field theory living on a sphere times a circle in d space-time dimensions. Assuming that the finite size of the system introduces a unique ground state with a nonzero mass gap, we calculate the leading correction to the entanglement entropy in a low temperature expansion. The correction has a universal form for any conformal field theory that depends only on the size of the mass gap, its degeneracy, and the angular size of the cap. We confirm our result by calculating the entanglement entropy of a conformally coupled scalar numerically. We argue that an apparent discrepancy for the scalar can be explained away through a careful treatment of boundary terms. In an appendix, to confirm the accuracy of the numerics, we study the mutual information of two cap-like regions at zero temperature.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures; v2, major revision, discrepancy explained (published version); v3, beta typo fixed, refs added
Mathematical Issues in Eternal Inflation
Creators: name: Kohli, Ikjyot Singh
name: Haslam, Michael C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we consider the problem of existence and uniqueness of solutions to the Einstein field equations for a spatially flat FLRW universe in the context of stochastic eternal inflation where the stochastic mechanism is modelled by adding a stochastic forcing term representing Gaussian white noise to the Klein-Gordon equation. We show that under these considerations, the Klein-Gordon equation actually becomes a stochastic differential equation. Therefore, the existence and uniqueness of solutions to Einstein's equations depend on whether the coefficients of this stochastic differential equation obey Lipschitz continuity conditions. We show that for any choice of $V(ϕ)$, the Einstein field equations are not globally well-posed, hence, any solution found to these equations is not guaranteed to be unique. Instead, the coefficients are at best locally Lipschitz continuous in the physical state space of the dynamical variables, which only exist up to a finite explosion time. We further perform Feller's explosion test for an arbitrary power-law inflaton potential and prove that all solutions to the EFE explode in a finite time with probability one. This implies that the mechanism of stochastic inflation thus considered cannot be described to be eternal, since the very concept of eternal inflation implies that the process continues indefinitely. We therefore argue that stochastic inflation based on a stochastic forcing term would not produce an infinite number of universes in some multiverse ensemble. In general, since the Einstein field equations in both situations are not well-posed, we further conclude that the existence of a multiverse via the stochastic eternal inflation mechanism considered in this paper is still very much an open question that will require much deeper investigation.
description: Accepted for publication in Classical and Quantum Gravity / This version: updated minor typos
Differential Disposition of Chenodeoxycholic Acid versus Taurocholic Acid in Response to Acute Troglitazone Exposure in Rat Hepatocytes
Creators: name: Brouwer, Kim L. R.
name: St. Claire, Robert L.
name: Marion, Tracy L.
name: Perry, Cassandra H.
name: Yue, Wei
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Inhibition of bile acid (BA) transport may contribute to the hepatotoxicity of troglitazone (TRO), a peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor gamma agonist. Typically, studies use taurocholic acid (TCA) as a model substrate to investigate effects of xenobiotics on BA disposition. However, TRO may differentially affect the transport of individual BAs, potentially causing hepatocyte accumulation of more cytotoxic BAs. The effects of TRO on the disposition of [14C]-labeled chenodeoxycholic acid ([14C]CDCA), an unconjugated cytotoxic BA, were determined in suspended hepatocytes and sandwich-cultured hepatocytes (SCH) from rats. (E)-3-[[[3-[2-(7-chloro-2-quinolinyl)ethenyl]phenyl][[3-(dimethylamino)-3-oxopropyl]thio]methyl]thio]-propanoic acid (MK571), a multidrug resistance–associated protein (MRP) inhibitor, was included to evaluate involvement of MRPs in CDCA disposition. Accumulation in cells + bile of total [14C]CDCA species in SCH was sixfold greater than [3H]TCA and unaffected by 1 and 10μM TRO; 100μM TRO and 50μM MK571 ablated biliary excretion and significantly increased intracellular accumulation of total [14C]CDCA species. Results were similar in Mrp2-deficient TR− rat hepatocytes. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis revealed that taurine- and glycine-conjugated CDCA, in addition to unconjugated CDCA, accumulated in hepatocytes during the 10-min incubation. In suspended rat hepatocytes, initial [14C]CDCA uptake was primarily Na+-independent, whereas initial [3H]TCA uptake was primarily Na+-dependent; TRO and MK571 decreased [14C]CDCA uptake to a lesser extent than [3H]TCA. Unexpectedly, MK571 inhibited Na+-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide and bile salt export pump. Differential effects on uptake and efflux of individual BAs may contribute to TRO hepatotoxicity. Although TCA is the prototypic BA used to investigate the effects of xenobiotics on BA transport, it may not be reflective of other BAs.
Endogenous versus Exogenous DNA Adducts: Their Role in Carcinogenesis, Epidemiology, and Risk Assessment
Creators: name: Swenberg, J. A.
name: Moeller, B. C.
name: Nakamura, J.
name: Gao, L.
name: Starr, T. B.
name: Upton, P. B.
name: Lu, K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: There is a strong need for science-based risk assessment that utilizes known data from diverse sources to arrive at accurate assessments of human health risk. Such assessments will protect the public health without mandating unreasonable regulation. This paper utilizes 30 years of research on three “known human carcinogens”: formaldehyde, vinyl chloride (VC), and ethylene oxide (EO), each of which forms DNA adducts identical to endogenous DNA adducts in all individuals. It outlines quantitative data on endogenous adducts, mutagenicity, and relationships between endogenous and exogenous adducts. Formaldehyde has the richest data set, with quantitative data on endogenous and exogenous DNA adducts from the same samples. The review elaborates on how such data can be used to inform the current risk assessment on formaldehyde, including both the biological plausibility and accuracy of projected risks. Finally, it extends the thought process to VC, EO, and additional areas of potential research, pointing out needs, nuances, and potential paths forward to improved understanding that will lead to strong science-based risk assessment.
Search for monotop signatures in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Results are presented from a search for new decaying massive particles whose presence is inferred from an imbalance in transverse momentum and which are produced in association with a single top quark that decays into a bottom quark and two light quarks. The measurement is performed using 19.7 inverse femtobarns of data from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV, collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. No deviations from the standard model predictions are observed and lower limits are set on the masses of new invisible bosons. In particular, scalar and vector particles, with masses below 330 and 650 GeV, respectively, are excluded at 95% confidence level, thus substantially extending a previous limit published by the CDF Collaboration.
description: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI