cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Policy Responses to 2008 High Food Prices: Domestic Incentives and Global Implications
Creators: name: Woolverton, Andrea E.
name: Kiawu, James
name: Woolverton, Andrea E.
name: Kiawu, James
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: International Development
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Political Economy
subject: high food prices
subject: trade policy
subject: agriculture
subject: political economy

description: Global food commodity price inflation beginning in 2006 and continuing through mid-2008 became a priority concern for global consumers, producers and policy-makers alike. In response, many governments across the world implemented policies targeting high food commodity prices in their domestic markets. These policy responses were concentrated in lower income countries and primarily targeted rice and wheat. The 2007-08 policy responses across countries included liberalized import tariffs, export restrictions and increased domestic support for both consumers and producers. We develop a case study of 15 major global trading, lower-income countries’ policy responses . The analysis addressed the following questions: a) What policy responses did major global traders with relatively large domestic food commodity price vulnerabilities choose?; b) What are the expected short-term and potential longer-term market impacts of these policies?; c) What domestic incentives exist for the selected countries’ policy choices?; and d) Did the response policies work? History may repeat itself in the face of future global price surges unless sufficient feedback is received from trading partners. Looking at India’s and Vietnam’s experience, it appears that short-term goals associated with the rice export bans were achieved, both in terms of perceived mitigation of domestic prices and political objectives. Without tangible consequences, market disrupting policies could be expected in the future if the domestic incentives within relevant countries persist.
Ruin Probabilities and Overshoots for General Levy Insurance Risk Processes
Creators: name: Kluppelberg, Claudia
name: Kyprianou, Andreas E.
name: Maller, Ross A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60J30, 60K05, 60K15, 90A46 (Primary) 60E07, 60G17, 60J15. (Secondary)

description: We formulate the insurance risk process in a general Levy process setting, and give general theorems for the ruin probability and the asymptotic distribution of the overshoot of the process above a high level, when the process drifts to -\infty a.s. and the positive tail of the Levy measure, or of the ladder height measure, is subexponential or, more generally, convolution equivalent. Results of Asmussen and Kluppelberg [Stochastic Process. Appl. 64 (1996) 103-125] and Bertoin and Doney [Adv. in Appl. Probab. 28 (1996) 207-226] for ruin probabilities and the overshoot in random walk and compound Poisson models are shown to have analogues in the general setup. The identities we derive open the way to further investigation of general renewal-type properties of Levy processes.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/105051604000000927 in the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
title: Методика применения Lab VIEW для моделирования процессов измерения. Часть 2
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: Московский технический университет связи и информатики
Year: 2016

description: Учебное пособие для изучения студентами основ практической метрологии на основе системы программирования LabVIEW. Эта система позволяет создавать виртуальные измерительные комплексы, состоящие из различных средств измерений, позволяющих решать единые задачи. При изучении принципов работы конкретного средства измерений необходимо использовать комплекс вспомогательных измерительных приборов, включающий генераторы сигналов различной формы, вольтметры, осциллографы, частотомеры и т.п. Среда программирования LabVIEW позволяет спроектировать такие приборы с определенными техническими и метрологическими характеристиками и осуществить их взаимодействие. Применение виртуальных приборов и комплексов позволяет осуществить фронтальный метод обучения, сконцентрировать внимание обучающихся на решении поставленной задачи, исключив изучение органов управления вспомогательных приборов. Виртуальные приборы на базе LabVIEW позволяют осваивать принципы работы современных средств измерений, применяемых в телекоммуникациях, большинство которых выполняются на основе компьютерных технологий. Для освоения LabVIEW данный практикум направлен на обучение студентов основам программирования в этой среде. Выполнив поставленную задачу, студент приобретает навыки программирования, которые могут быть полезными в дальнейшем, и получает знания, необходимые для выполнения виртуальных экспериментов на основе LabVIEW.
New Approaches to the Application of Digital Forensics in Cybersecurity: A Proposal
Creators: name: OKEREAFOR, KENNETH
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 80303 Computer System Security
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Practical applications of cybersecurity in digital forensic operations are proposed, alongside recommended implementation modalities.
Minimally entangled typical thermal states algorithm with Trotter gates
Creators: name: Goto, Shimpei
name: Danshita, Ippei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We improve the efficiency of the minimally entangled typical thermal states (METTS) algorithm without breaking the Abelian symmetries. By adding the operation of Trotter gates that respects the Abelian symmetries to the METTS algorithm, we find that a correlation between successive states in Markov-chain Monte Carlo sampling decreases by orders of magnitude. We measure the performance of the improved METTS algorithm through the simulations of the canonical ensemble of the Bose-Hubbard model and confirm that the reduction of the autocorrelation leads to the reduction of computation time. We show that our protocol using the operation of Trotter gates is effective also for the simulations of the grand canonical ensemble.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, 4 tables
No-clicking Event in Quantum Key Distribution
Creators: name: Hwang, W. -Y.
name: Lim, I. -T.
name: Park, J. -W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the `no-clicking' event, which is harmful for legitimate users in Bennett-Brassard 1984 quantum key distribution: We describe an attack where no-clicking events are utilized in the same way as double-clicking events are utilized in the quantum Trojan-pony attack. We discuss how to deal with the no-clicking events. We discuss how to estimate the security of the protocol against the proposed attack by using a formula involved with the fraction of adversarial removals of events.
description: 4 pages, RevTex
Supplementary analyses, tables and figure captions from The origin of tetrapod herbivory: effects on local plant diversity
Creators: name: Brocklehurst, Neil
name: Kammerer, Christian F.
name: Benson, Roger J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 40308 Palaeontology (incl. Palynology)
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Sensitivity tests of plant data and their results (Table S1), and captions for Suppementary Figures (Files NBetal_Supplementary_Fig_S1 and NBetal_Supplementary_Fig_S2)
UV-H₂O₂ based advanced oxidation of drinking water for disinfection byproduct control
Creators: name: Toor, Ramn
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The presence of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in drinking water is becoming increasingly important public health concern because of the long-term detrimental effects of these compounds on human health. DBPs have been linked to low birth weight, stillbirths and carcinogenicity and hence there is increased effort to regulate and control their presence in drinking water. In this research, the reduction of DBPs in raw surface water by the removal of their precursors was examined using UV-H202 based advanced oxidation process (AOP) and biological activated carbon (BAC) treatment. The effects of UV photolysis, H2O2 treatment, and UV-H202 oxidation were investigated using a collimated beam UV reactor and bench-scale annular flow through reactor. Downstream BAC treatment was assessed by using the laboratory scale parallel columns, with one column receiving AOP treated water and the other one receiving raw water (as control). UV-H2O2 AOP was effective at removing DBP precursors and reducing DBPs but only at extremely high UV fluences (greater than 1000 mJ.crn⁻²). On the other hand, the combination of UV-H2O2 AOP at moderate UV fluences with downstream BAC was equally (or more) effective at removing DBP precursors and reducing DBPs. AOP pretreatment at 500 mJ.cm⁻² and 20 mg.L⁻¹ H2O2 and BAC with an empty bed contact time (EBCT) of 8 minutes, resulted in reductions of 42, 37, 50, 52 and 59% in THM-FP, DCAA-FP, TCAA-FP, TOC and UV₂₅₄ , respectively, with respect to raw water (no treatment). These reductions were due to the increased biodegradability of the water, which on average increased five fold and the subsequent removal of biodegradable compounds by BAC. UV-H202 AOP combined with a downstream BAC treatment has tremendous potential in water treatment for the reduction of DBPs. This treatment process is feasible because of the moderate levels of UV fluences required to increase the biodegradability of the DBP precursors during the AOP pretreatment and the implementation of an inexpensive BAC step to remove biodegradable compounds.
Leading Twist Amplitudes for Exclusive Neutrino Interactions in the Deeply Virtual Limit
Creators: name: Coriano', Claudio
name: Guzzi, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutrino scattering on nucleons in the regime of deeply virtual kinematics is studied both in the charged and the neutral electroweak sectors using a formalism developed by Blumlein, Robaschik, Geyer and Collaborators for the analysis of the Virtual Compton amplitude in the generalized Bjorken region. We discuss the structure of the leading twist amplitudes of the process.
description: 14 pages, 1 fig revised final version to appear in Phys. Rev. D
Ultraviolet Dual Comb Spectroscopy: A Roadmap
Creators: name: Schuster, Vittoria
name: Liu, Chang
name: Klas, Robert
name: Dominguez, Pablo
name: Rothhardt, Jan
name: Limpert, Jens
name: Bernhardt, Birgitta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dual Comb Spectroscopy proved its versatile capabilities in molecular fingerprinting in different spectral regions, but not yet in the ultraviolet (UV). Unlocking this spectral window would expand fingerprinting to the electronic energy structure of matter.This will access the prime triggers of photo-chemical reactions with unprecedented spectral resolution. In this research article, we discuss the milestones marking the way to the first UV dual comb spectrometer. We present experimental and simulated studies towards UV dual comb spectroscopy, directly applied to planned absorption measurements of formaldehyde (centered at 343 nm, 3.6 eV) and argon (80 nm, 16 eV). This will enable an unparalleled relative resolution of up to $10^{-9}$ - with a table-top UV source surpassing any synchrotron linked spectrometer by at least two and any grating-based UV spectrometer by up to six orders of magnitude.
title: Учебно-методическое пособие по дисциплине Методы и средства защиты компьютерной информации
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: Московский технический университет связи и информатики
Year: 2016

description: Деятельность, направленную на обеспечение информационной безопасности, принято называть защитой информации.
Producer Preference for Land-Based Biological Carbon Sequestration in Agriculture: An Economic Inquiry
Creators: name: Jiang, Yong
name: Koo, Won W.
name: Jiang, Yong
name: Koo, Won W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Production Economics
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: greenhouse gas
subject: carbon sequestration
subject: producer stated preferences
subject: agriculture
subject: economics
subject: carbon offsets
subject: carbon markets

description: This study was intended to develop an understanding of producer preference for land-based carbon sequestration in agriculture. We conducted a mail survey to elicit producer choice to provide marketable carbon offsets by participating in different carbon credit programs characterized by varying practices. Based on a quantitative analysis, we found that: 1) the market price for carbon offsets could increase producer participation in carbon sequestration; 2) producers perceived differentially different but correlated private costs for adopting carbon sequestering practices, depending on production attributes; and 3) relatively high carbon prices would be needed to stimulate producer provision of carbon offsets by land-based carbon sequestration activities. A simulation of producer choice with agricultural census data estimated potential carbon offsets supply in the Northern Great Plains region. This study contributes to the economic understanding of agricultural potential for greenhouse gas mitigation.
title: Учебно-методическое пособие для выполнения курсового проектирования по дисциплине Методы и средства проектирования информационных систем и технологий
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: Московский технический университет связи и информатики
Year: 2015

description: В данном пособии приводится пример проектирования информационной системы поддержки проведения экзамена. Однако разобрано создание только одного артефакта каждого типа, встречающегося в проекте. В процессе выполнения курсового проектирования необходимо создавать и описывать в отчете такое количество артефактов каждого типа, которое требуется для адекватного представления всех требований, сформулированных в задании на проектирование.
Detailed Discussion of a linear electric field frequency shift induced in confined gases by a magnetic field gradient: Implications for neutron electric dipole moment experiments
Creators: name: Lamoreaux, S. K.
name: Golub, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The search for particle electric dipole moments (edm) is one of the best places to look for physics beyond the standard model because the size of time reversal violation predicted by the standard model is incompatible with present ideas concerning the creation of the Baryon-Antibaryon asymmetry. As the sensitivity of these edm searches increases more subtle systematic effects become important. We develop a general analytical approach to describe a systematic effect recently observed in an electric dipole moment experiment using stored particles \cite{JMP}. Our approach is based on the relationship between the systematic frequency shift and the velocity autocorrelation function of the resonating particles. Our results, when applied to well-known limiting forms of the correlation function, are in good agreement with both the limiting cases studied in recent work that employed a numerical/heuristic analysis. Our general approach explains some of the surprising results observed in that work and displays the rich behavior of the shift for intermediate frequencies, which has not been previously studied.
description: 25 pages, 4 figures New expanded and corrected version. Includes study of the frequency shift at intermediate resonant frequencies. New vesion has labelling of Fig. 3 corrected, and adds a calculation of the position-velocity correlation function by a direct technique. Appendix added with a new proof of egelstaff's velodity correlation function theorem
The Impact of the New York State Retail Milk Price Regulation on Farm-to-Retail Price Transmission and Supermarket Pricing Strategies in Metropolitan Fluid Milk Markets
Creators: name: Bolotova, Yuliya
name: Novakovic, Andrew M.
name: Bolotova, Yuliya
name: Novakovic, Andrew M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: dairy
subject: milk
subject: price regulation
subject: price transmission
subject: asymmetric price response
subject: food retailing

description: The New York State Milk Price Gouging Law establishes that the retail prices of fluid milk products are not to exceed 200% of the prices that NYS milk processors pay for Class I milk. The enforcement of this law significantly affected the nature of the Class I fluid milk price transmission process and the milk pricing strategies of supermarkets in the five largest cities in New York State: New York City, Albany, Syracuse, Buffalo and Rochester. During the pre-law period, supermarkets used a retail price-stabilization strategy, as evidenced by asymmetric Class I fluid milk price transmission. In contrast, supermarkets use a retail profit stabilization strategy during the law period. This variation of retail milk price control actually creates an institutional environment that facilitates cooperative conduct of supermarkets, acting in an oligopolistic market environment, which caused greater instability in retail milk prices. Differences in the competitive environments of each city impact the effects of the statewide law.
Anomalous Magnetoresistance in Centrosymmetric Skyrmion-Lattice Magnet Gd2PdSi3
Creators: name: Zhang, Han
name: Huang, Qing
name: Hao, Lin
name: Yang, Junyi
name: Noordhoek, Kyle
name: Pandey, Shashi
name: Zhou, Haidong
name: Liu, Jian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We performed a systematic study of the temperature- and field-dependence of magnetization and resistivity of Gd2PdSi3, which is a centrosymmetric skyrmion crystal. While the magnetization behavior is consistent with the reported phase diagram based on susceptibility, we show that a phase diagram can also be constructed based on the anomalous magnetoresistance with one-to-one correspondence among all the features. In addition, the crossover boundary into the field-induced ferromagnetic state is also identified. Our results suggest that the ferromagnetic spin fluctuations above the Néel temperature play a key role in the high sensitivity of the resistivity anomalies to magnetic field, pointing to the rich interplay of different magnetic correlations at zero and finite wave vectors underlying the skyrmion lattice in this frustrated itinerant magnet.
Radiation of Quantized Black Hole
Creators: name: Khriplovich, I. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The maximum entropy of a quantized surface is demonstrated to be proportional to the surface area in the classical limit. The general structure of the horizon spectrum and the value of the Barbero-Immirzi parameter are found. The discrete spectrum of thermal radiation of a black hole fits naturally the Wien profile. The natural widths of the lines are very small as compared to the distances between them. The total intensity of the thermal radiation is calculated.
description: 11 pages; few comments and a reference added; one more reference and a comment on it added; a note added that the natural widths of the lines are very small as compared to the distances between them
Tetrapod occurence matrix from The origin of tetrapod herbivory: effects on local plant diversity
Creators: name: Brocklehurst, Neil
name: Kammerer, Christian F.
name: Benson, Roger J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 40308 Palaeontology (incl. Palynology)
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: The tetrapod herbivore dataset in the form used for analysis; number of occurences in each formation, number of localities and the lower and upper age boundaries on each formation
Assessing the Opportunity Cost of Growing a Bioenergy Crop in California: a PMP Approach
Creators: name: Yi, Fujin
name: Merel, Pierre R.
name: Lee, Juhwan
name: Six, Johan
name: Yi, Fujin
name: Merel, Pierre R.
name: Lee, Juhwan
name: Six, Johan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: California agriculture
subject: bioenergy crop
subject: opportunity cost
subject: positive mathematical programming

description: A significant increase in demand for fuel ethanol in California should be expected if all gasoline sold in the state were to be blended with 10% ethanol, as envisaged in the State Alternative Fuels Plan. This paper assesses the potential of California agriculture to supply biofuel feedstock in the form of switchgrass. We construct a fully calibrated, multi-region, multi-input and multi-output model of agricultural supply for California’s Central Valley based on the principles of Positive Mathematical Programming. We exploit the biogeochemical model DAYCENT to estimate production functions for switchgrass in each agricultural region. We then predict the extent and location of potential switchgrass production in the Central Valley. Our results suggest that adoption rates differ widely among regions, meaning that the location of processing plants may be an important issue. They also suggest that switchgrass adoption is not likely to displace specialty crops by much. From a purely methodological standpoint, this study illustrates the complementarity of agronomic and economic information for the calibration of economic optimization models meant to capture farmer behavior at the regional scale.
title: Многоканальные телекоммуникационные системы (компьютерные упражнения). Часть 4. Изучение дискретизации непрерывных сигналов
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: Московский технический университет связи и информатики
Year: 2014

description: Пособие входит в серию сборников компьютерных упражнений по курсу «Многоканальные телекоммуникационные системы», разработанных на базе математического процессора Office Excel. В четвёртой части серии приводится краткое теоретическое описание процесса равномерной дискретизации непрерывных сигналов во времени, осуществляемого на первом этапе преобразования аналоговых сигналов в сигналы ИКМ. Даются методические указания по выполнению компьютерных упражнений, в которых рассматриваются дискретизация сигналов посредством амплитудно-импульсной модуляции первого и второго рода (АИМ-1 и АИМ-2), частотные спектры преобразованных сигналов и помехи, вызванные ошибками дискретизации.
HOW DIFFERENTIATED IS THE SCOTTISH BEEF? AN ANALYSIS OF SUPERMARKET DATA PANEL
Creators: name: Revoredo-Giha, Cesar
name: Lamprinopoulou-Kranis, Chrysa
name: Leat, Philip M.K.
name: Kupiec-Teahan, Beata
name: Toma, Luiza
name: Cacciolatti, Luca
name: Revoredo-Giha, Cesar
name: Lamprinopoulou-Kranis, Chrysa
name: Leat, Philip M.K.
name: Kupiec-Teahan, Beata
name: Toma, Luiza
name: Cacciolatti, Luca
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Beef supply chain
subject: Scottish agriculture
subject: product differentiation
subject: demand models.

description: The Scottish red meat industry is a major part of the Scottish agricultural economy and is known for producing high quality beef and lamb. Beef and lamb which are produced and processed in Scotland and according to a quality assured production specification, carry the EU ‘Protected Geographical Indications’ (PGI) name of ‘Scotch’. In addition, red meat in Scotland has to compete with high quality imported products (e.g., from Brazil or Argentina) or with meat from elsewhere in the United Kingdom. This paper focuses on the situation of Scotch beef and how differentiated it is in the eyes of consumers. For this purpose we use two years’ retailing data for Scotland (and by socio-economic group) from a major supermarket to estimate the conditional demand for beef products from different origins. Results indicate that Scotch beef competes with the premium category and also with the supermarket own label product. The paper concludes by considering the marketing implications of these findings.
A constrained transport divergence-free finite element method for Incompressible MHD equations
Creators: name: Li, Lingxiao
name: Zhang, Donghang
name: Zheng, Weiying
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we study finite element method for three-dimensional incompressible resistive magnetohydrodynamic equations, in which the velocity, the current density, and the magnetic induction are divergence-free. It is desirable that the discrete solutions should also satisfy divergence-free conditions exactly especially for the momentum equations. Inspired by constrained transport method,we devise a new stable mixed finite element method that can achieve the goal. We also prove the well-posedness of the discrete solutions. To solve the resulting linear algebraic equations, we propose a GMRES solver with an augmented Lagrangian block preconditioner. By numerical experiments, we verify the theoretical results and demonstrate the quasi-optimality of the discrete solver with respect to the number of degrees of freedom
description: 20 pages, 3 figures
Stability in Distribution of Randomly Perturbed Quadratic Maps as Markov Processes
Creators: name: Bhattacharya, Rabi
name: Majumdar, Mukul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60J05 (Primary) 60J20, 37H10. (Secondary)

description: Iteration of randomly chosen quadratic maps defines a Markov process: X_{n+1}=ε_{n+1}X_n(1-X_n), where ε_n are i.i.d. with values in the parameter space [0,4] of quadratic maps F_θ(x)=θx(1-x). Its study is of significance as an important Markov model, with applications to problems of optimization under uncertainty arising in economics. In this article a broad criterion is established for positive Harris recurrence of X_n.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/105051604000000918 in the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
title: Многоканальные телекоммуникационные системы (компьютерные упражнения). Часть 5. Изучение кодеков
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: Московский технический университет связи и информатики
Year: 2014

description: Пособие входит в серию сборников компьютерных упражнений по курсу «Многоканальные телекоммуникационные системы», разработанных на базе математического процессора Office Excel. В пятой части серии приводится краткое теоретическое описание процессов квантования, кодирования и декодирования дискретных во времени сигналов, осуществляемых при преобразовании аналоговых сигналов в сигналы ИКМ. Даются методические указания по выполнению компьютерных упражнений, в которых рассматриваются амплитудные характеристики линейного и нелинейных кодеков, частотные спектры ошибок квантования различных сигналов, а также изучаются характеристики защищённости различных сигналов от помех квантования.
Bread Prices, Consumption and Nutrition Implications for Scotland: A Regional Analysis Using Supermarket Scanner Data
Creators: name: Revoredo-Giha, Cesar
name: Lamprinopoulou-Kranis, Chrysa
name: Toma, Luiza
name: Leat, Philip M.K.
name: Kupiec-Teahan, Beata
name: Cacciolatti, Luca
name: Revoredo-Giha, Cesar
name: Lamprinopoulou-Kranis, Chrysa
name: Toma, Luiza
name: Leat, Philip M.K.
name: Kupiec-Teahan, Beata
name: Cacciolatti, Luca
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Bread consumption models
subject: Scotland
subject: Food prices

description: The recent rise in food prices has increased the concern about the choice of a healthy food basket, especially in the context of the discussion around the formulation of a National Food Policy for Scotland. This concern has brought back the interest in the price and expenditure demand systems as they provide information about consumers’ food decisions. The paper focuses on the consumption of brown and white bread, as they are the most typical ways of cereals use in the UK and nutritionists recommend the consumption of wholemeal or brown bread in contraposition to white bread as part of an appropriate diet due to its health benefits. This paper aims to answer whether changes in bread prices affect the quantity and composition of the Scottish demand for bread, and whether the latter has been the same for different regions and socioeconomic groups. We used supermarket scanner data to estimate three demand systems and compute their elasticities. All the models showed statistically significant own price and expenditure elasticities and the Hicksian elasticities show that different types of bread are net substitutes. After simulating an increase in all the bread prices we found that brown bread consumption decreases more than white bread just the opposite to what is recommended by the nutritionists.
The relation between water use and pesticides – Some remarks on the influence of integrated farming practices
Creators: name: Noack, Eva Maria
name: Bergmann, Holger
name: Noack, Eva Maria
name: Bergmann, Holger
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Farm Management
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Production Economics
subject: pesticides
subject: water use efficiency
subject: production technologies
subject: food security

description: Agriculture is the main user of the world’s water resources. Due to increasing concern on water quality and quantity, there is a growing interest to use the scarce water resources in the most efficient way to feed the growing world population. By employing a meta-analysis, this paper shows that pesticide use in combination with other improved production technologies have tripled agricultural water use efficiency (WUE) in the last 30 years. Recently, the European Union banned several active substances, among these more than 20 pesticides formerly used in crop growing. By doing so the progress in WUE has been put into question. This paper argues that a sudden reduction of pesticides by 50 % would lead to a need for more than 55 million hectares of additional arable land and for more than 158 km3 of additional water. Furthermore, in such a case the global irrigated area would have to be increased by 4 %. As most studies on the worldwide potential of additional arable land show, this land does not exist. Therefore, there are strong arguments to invest even further into new water saving technologies including pesticides. Specific research is needed to clarify which countries would be affected most by a sudden restriction or even ban of pesticides.
Wheat Prices, Bread Consumption and Health in Scotland
Creators: name: Revoredo-Giha, Cesar
name: Leat, Philip M.K.
name: Toma, Luiza
name: Lamprinopoulou-Kranis, Chrysa
name: Kupiec-Teahan, Beata
name: Cacciolatti, Luca
name: Revoredo-Giha, Cesar
name: Leat, Philip M.K.
name: Toma, Luiza
name: Lamprinopoulou-Kranis, Chrysa
name: Kupiec-Teahan, Beata
name: Cacciolatti, Luca
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Bread consumption models
subject: Scotland
subject: Food prices

description: The relative recent rise in food prices has increased concern about the choice of a healthy food basket, especially in the context of the formulation of a National Food Policy for Scotland. This concern has revived interest in food price and expenditure demand systems as they provide information about consumers’ food decisions. The paper focuses on the consumption of brown and white bread, as they are the most typical forms of cereals use in the UK. Moreover, nutritionists recommend the consumption of wholemeal or brown bread in contraposition to white bread as part of an appropriate diet due to its health benefits. The overall purpose of the paper is to measure the impact that the increase in the price of cereals during the period 2005 to 2008 would have had on the purchase of brown and white bread. This is undertaken in two stages: the first measures the effect of changes in milling wheat prices on brown and white bread prices, and the second measures the elasticities of the purchases of brown and white bread with respect to changes in their prices through the estimation of two conditional demand systems for bread.
Effect of Non-linear Electrodynamics on Weak field deflection angle by Black Hole
Creators: name: Javed, Wajiha
name: Hamza, Ali
name: Övgün, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we investigate the weak deflection angle of light from exact black hole within the non-linear electrodynamics. First we calculate the Gaussian optical curvature using the optical spacetime geometry. With the help of modern geometrical way popularized by Gibbons and Werner, we examine the deflection angle of light from exact black hole. For this desire, we determine the optical Gaussian curvature and execute the Gauss-Bonnet theorem on optical metric and calculate the leading terms of deflection angle in the weak limit approximation. Furthermore, we likewise study the plasma medium's effect on weak gravitational lensing by exact black hole. Hence we expose the effect of the non-linear electrodynamics on the deflection angle in the weak gravitational field.
description: 12 pages. Accepted for publication in Physical Review D (https://journals.aps.org/prd/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevD.101.103521)
title: Многоканальные телекоммуникационные системы (компьютерные упражнения). Часть 6. Изучение кодов сигналов
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: Московский технический университет связи и информатики
Year: 2014

description: Пособие входит в серию сборников компьютерных упражнений по курсу «Многоканальные телекоммуникационные системы», разработанных на базе математического процессора Office Excel. В шестой части серии приводится краткое теоретическое описание сигналов ИКМ в некоторых распространённых кодах. Даются методические указания по выполнению компьютерных упражнений, в которых рассматриваются спектры сигналов, исследуется эффективность использования полосы частот тракта при передаче сигналов в том или ином коде, а также рассматриваются амплитудно-частотные искажения этих сигналов, вносимые трактом передачи.
Distinguishing Bare Quark Stars from Neutron Stars
Creators: name: Jaikumar, Prashanth
name: Gale, Charles
name: Page, Dany
name: Prakash, Madappa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations to date cannot distinguish neutron stars from self-bound bare quark stars on the basis of their gross physical properties such as their masses and radii alone. However, their surface luminosity and spectral characteristics can be significantly different. Unlike a normal neutron star, a bare quark star can emit photons from its surface at super-Eddington luminosities for an extended period of time. We present a calculation of the photon bremsstrahlung rate from the bare quark star's surface, and indicate improvements that are required for a complete characterization of the spectrum. The observation of this distinctive photon spectrum would constitute an unmistakable signature of a strange quark star and shed light on color superconductivity at stellar densities.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures; contribution to proceedings of the 26th annual Montreal-Rochester-Syracuse-Toronto Conference (MRST 2004) on High Energy Physics: From Quarks to Cosmology, May 12 - 14 (2004), Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Addressing Cybersecurity Challenges of Health Data in the COVID-19 Pandemic.pdf
Creators: name: OKEREAFOR, KENNETH
name: Marcelo, Alvin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 80303 Computer System Security
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Health data is sensitive because it relates to life, well-being and vitality. Managing it requires adherence to special Cybersecurity techniques and global standards to preserve its confidentiality, integrity and availability at all times.
DISTRIBUTION OF BEEF CATTLE IN SCOTLAND: HOW IMPORTANT IS AGRICULTURAL POLICY?
Creators: name: Renwick, Alan W.
name: Revoredo-Giha, Cesar
name: Thomson, Steven
name: Leat, Philip M.K.
name: Ringrose, Sian
name: Renwick, Alan W.
name: Revoredo-Giha, Cesar
name: Thomson, Steven
name: Leat, Philip M.K.
name: Ringrose, Sian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: If one observe aggregated cattle figures for Scotland for more than a century it is possible to perceive that that cattle numbers seem to react strongly to agricultural policy (e.g., livestock subsidies before 1973, UK becoming part to the European Community). The purpose the paper is to provide a regional view of this result, namely whether the same trend can be observed if the analysis is done by Scottish regions. For this purpose, we assembled a panel dataset for 11 Scottish regions for the period 1959 until 2008. We specialised the analysis on beef cattle. We use simple regression techniques to verify whether there have been changes in the regional shares of beef cattle and whether beef cattle numbers in the different regions tend to converge to a steady state value. The results indicate that the data can be broken down into two major periods: before and after the accession to the European Community (EC). Furthermore, in most of the regions, accession implied changes in the regional shares (although shares are very stable over time). In terms of the convergence analysis, it is clear that accession to the EC affected the regional beef cattle steady state values.
Evaluating the efficiency of a N-input tax under different policy scenarios at different scales
Creators: name: Petsakos, Athanasios
name: Jayet, Pierre-Alain
name: Petsakos, Athanasios
name: Jayet, Pierre-Alain
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Production Economics
subject: Crop model
subject: mathematical programming
subject: nitrogen response curves
subject: nitrate pollution
subject: nitrogen tax

description: Nitrate pollution from agriculture is an important environmental problem, caused by the excessive use of inorganic fertilizers. The internalization of this externality, via a tax on mineral nitrogen, could lead to a second best solution, reducing nitrate emissions. Several authors suggest that a reduction in agricultural support could produce similar results. In this paper we examine the effects of a nitrogen levy on nitrate pollution from agriculture in northern France under two different policy scenarios corresponding to (i) the Agenda 2000 and (ii) the Luxembourg reform of 2003, including the 2006 arrangement. The analysis aims at revealing what synergies or conflicts are created between a fertilizer levy and the policy scenarios, with respect to nitrate pollution mitigation. The applied methodology is based on the coupling of the economic model AROPAj with the crop model STICS. For each policy scenario, a nitrogen tax is simulated, involving different tax levels up to 100% the input price. Results reveal that at higher tax levels the reformed CAP can lead to slightly greater nitrate reductions than Agenda 2000, while the opposite applies when the tax is low. A down-scaling method is then used for the spatial distribution of the outputs, allowing for a more detailed representation of the nitrate abatement effects of the N-tax at different geographical levels.
A STRUCTURAL CHANGE ANALYSIS OF THE COST EFFICIENCY OF FARMS IN SCOTLAND 1989-2008
Creators: name: Revoredo-Giha, Cesar
name: Leat, Philip M.K.
name: Milne, Catherine E.
name: Revoredo-Giha, Cesar
name: Leat, Philip M.K.
name: Milne, Catherine E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Farm efficiency
subject: stochastic cost frontier
subject: Scottish agriculture

description: One of the aims of the reform of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is to increase the competitiveness of farmers through increasing their exposure to markets. An aspect of competitiveness is the gains in economic efficiency. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to estimate indicators of farm efficiency for the period 1989 to 2008 by farm type and to analyse what the effect on efficiency of changes in the CAP has been. In terms of the methodology, the information used comes from the Scottish Farm Account Scheme (FAS) survey, which allows us to assemble panel dataset and to construct cost efficiency indicators. The results indicate while mixed farms and lowland farms have maintain their levels of efficiency. LFA farms have seen their efficiency reduced since approximately 2004 or 2005 (especially LFA sheep farm specialists). Also, the analysis shows that there seems to be an increase in the dispersion of farmers in terms of efficiency for some farm types in periods of change in agricultural policy.
Extremal optimization for sensor report pre-processing
Creators: name: Svenson, Pontus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.8

description: We describe the recently introduced extremal optimization algorithm and apply it to target detection and association problems arising in pre-processing for multi-target tracking. Here we consider the problem of pre-processing for multiple target tracking when the number of sensor reports received is very large and arrives in large bursts. In this case, it is sometimes necessary to pre-process reports before sending them to tracking modules in the fusion system. The pre-processing step associates reports to known tracks (or initializes new tracks for reports on objects that have not been seen before). It could also be used as a pre-process step before clustering, e.g., in order to test how many clusters to use. The pre-processing is done by solving an approximate version of the original problem. In this approximation, not all pair-wise conflicts are calculated. The approximation relies on knowing how many such pair-wise conflicts that are necessary to compute. To determine this, results on phase-transitions occurring when coloring (or clustering) large random instances of a particular graph ensemble are used.
description: 10 pages
title: Многоканальные телекоммуникационные системы (компьютерные упражнения). Часть 7. Изучение функций скремблирования и обнаружения ошибок
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: Московский технический университет связи и информатики
Year: 2016

description: Пособие входит в серию сборников компьютерных упражнений по курсу «Многоканальные телекоммуникационные системы», разработанных на базе математического процессора Office Excel. В седьмой части серии приводится краткое теоретическое описание процесса скремблирования и построения скремблеров. Рассматриваются методы контроля появления ошибок кодами CRC и BIP. Даются методические указания по выполнению компьютерных упражнений, в которых изучаются названные процессы. В Приложении приводятся базовые схемы, используемые при построении скремблеров и анализаторов возникновения ошибок.
Wilson Line Correlators in N=4 Non-commutative Gauge Theory on S^2 x S^2
Creators: name: Kitazawa, Y.
name: Takayama, Y.
name: Tomino, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the Wilson line correlators dual to supergravity multiplets in N=4 non-commutative gauge theory on S^2 x S^2. We find additional non-analytic contributions to the correlators due to UV/IR mixing in comparison to ordinary gauge theory. Although they are no longer BPS off shell, their renormalization effects are finite as long as they carry finite momenta. We propose a renormalization procedure to obtain local operators with no anomalous dimensions in perturbation theory. We reflect on our results from dual supergravity point of view. We show that supergravity can account for both IR and UV/IR contributions.
description: 33 pages, latex file,references added