cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
REBUILDING AFTER WAR: MICRO-LEVEL DETERMINANTS OF POVERTY REDUCTION IN MOZAMBIQUE
Creators: name: Simler, Kenneth R.
name: Mukherjee, Sanjukta
name: Dava, Gabriel
name: Datt, Gaurav
name: Simler, Kenneth R.
name: Mukherjee, Sanjukta
name: Dava, Gabriel
name: Datt, Gaurav
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty
International Development

description: This report-part of an extensive body of work IFPRI undertook on the state of poverty in Mozambique at the end of a long period of war-zeroes in on the question of what determines living standards and poverty in Mozambique. It aims to identify those public policy interventions that are likely to reduce poverty the most. The authors examine household and community characteristics linked to poverty and develop a microeconometric model to measure the influence of education, employment, demographics, agricultural technology, and infrastructure on consumption. Although the results of this research are directed to policymakers in Mozambique, those concerned with other low-income countries will find the analytical methods and findings useful, especially the message that investment in human development as well as physical capital is essential to reduce poverty.
Baryogenesis from ultralight primordial black holes and strong gravitational waves from cosmic strings
Creators: name: Datta, Satyabrata
name: Ghosal, Ambar
name: Samanta, Rome
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultralight primordial black holes (PBHs)($\lesssim10^9$g) completely evaporate via Hawking radiation (HR) and produce all the particles in a given theory regardless of their other interactions. If the right handed (RH) neutrinos are produced from PBH evaporation, successful baryogenesis via leptogenesis predicts mass scale of RH neutrinos as well as black holes. We show that, given the lepton number violation (generation of RH neutrino masses) in the theory is a consequence of a gauged $U(1)$ breaking which is then followed by the formation of PBHs, a network of cosmic strings naturally gives rise to strong stochastic gravitational wave (GW) signal at the sensitivity level of pulsar timing arrays (PTA) and LIGO5. Besides, due to a transient period of black hole domination in the early universe, for which baryon asymmetry is independent of initial PBH density, a break in the GW spectra occurs around MHz frequency. Therefore, to observe the break along with the usual GW signal by the emission of gravitons via HR, GW detectors at higher frequencies are called for. The recent finding by the NANOGrav PTA of a stochastic common spectrum process (interpreted as GWs) across many pulsars is in tension with PBH baryogenesis for large cosmic string loops ($α\simeq 0.1$).
description: Matches with the JCAP version. 27 pages, 6 figures. Discussion on GW spectral shape beyond the turning point frequency added. Computation of GW amplitude for the smaller loops improved
THE IMPORTANCE OF WOMEN'S STATUS FOR CHILD NUTRITION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Creators: name: Smith, Lisa C.
name: Ramakrishnan, Usha
name: Ndiaye, Aida
name: Haddad, Lawrence James
name: Martorell, Reynaldo
name: Smith, Lisa C.
name: Ramakrishnan, Usha
name: Ndiaye, Aida
name: Haddad, Lawrence James
name: Martorell, Reynaldo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Labor and Human Capital

description: Until recently the role of women's social status in determining their children's nutritional health went largely unnoticed. That is, until researchers began to ponder the Asian Enigma-the question of why malnutrition is much more prevalent among children in South Asia than in Sub-Saharan Africa, even though South Asia surpasses Sub-Saharan Africa in most of the principal determinants of child nutrition. This report uses data from 36 countries in three developing regions to establish empirically that women's status, defined as women's power relative to men's, is an important determinant of children's nutritional status. It finds that the pathways through which status influences child nutrition and the strength of that influence differ considerably from one region to another. Where women's status is low, this research proves unequivocally that policies to eradicate gender discrimination not only benefit women but also their children.
NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN THE HILLSIDES OF HONDURAS: BIOECONOMIC MODELING AT THE MICROWATERSHED LEVEL
Creators: name: Barbier, Bruno
name: Bergeron, Gilles
name: Barbier, Bruno
name: Bergeron, Gilles
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Farmers who live in fragile tropical hillsides often operate under severe resource constraints and face difficult tradeoffs when confronted with changes in production conditions. Using a bioeconomic linear programming model, this study simulates the effects of population, market, and technological changes on farmers income and on their management of the natural resource in a hillside area of Central Honduras.The results show that economic growth and agricultural intensification are not necessarily adverse for fragile environments. In fact, farmer incomes would be much lower and degradation much higher if intensive agriculture had not been adopted. Such a result, however, must be framed within a complex set of conditioning factors, among which agroecology plays a fundamental role. Although the economic advantages of horticultural production are clear in the area studied, this strategy is not suited for all contexts.This report offers a series of policy recommendations that implicitly recognize such limitations, thereby helping to direct resources where they will have their greatest impact.
Additional file 1 of Outbreaks of publications about emerging infectious diseases: the case of SARS-CoV-2 and Zika virus
Creators: name: Ipekci, Aziz Mert
name: Buitrago-Garcia, Diana
name: Meili, Kaspar Walter
name: Krauer, Fabienne
name: Prajapati, Nirmala
name: Shabnam Thapa
name: Wildisen, Lea
name: Araujo-Chaveron, Lucia
name: Baumann, Lukas
name: Shah, Sanam
name: Whiteley, Tessa
name: Solís-García, Gonzalo
name: Tsotra, Foteini
name: Zhelyazkov, Ivan
name: Imeri, Hira
name: Low, Nicola
name: Counotte, Michel Jacques
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Text 1. Search strategy.Supplementary Table S2. Number and proportion of publications on Zika virus by category and publication type.Supplementary Table S3. Number and proportion of publications on SARS-CoV-2 by category and publication type.Supplementary Figure S1. Proportion of different study designs of published research on SARS-CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Zika virus (ZIKV) over time, without preprint publications.Supplementary Figure S2. Number of different study designs of published research on SARS-CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Zika virus (ZIKV) over time.Supplementary Figure S3. Time to the first 20 publications in a study design, for SARS-CoV-2 infections (SARS-CoV-2) and Zika virus infections (Zika virus), excluding preprint publications.Supplementary Figure S4. The proportion of preprint publications compared to and peer-reviewed publications for SARS-CoV-2 by study design and week.
The right to self-determination: an international criminal law perspective
Creators: name: Lee, Joanne Elizabeth
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Recent events in East Timor and other regions have highlighted the dangers of leaving issues of self-determination unresolved for too long. Despite the tact that self-determination is one of the guiding principles of the UN Charter, many controversies over its precise meaning and application continue to preclude a coherent, comprehensive approach to the principle by Stales. This thesis analyses the main controversies over the right of all peoples to self-determination and suggests some conclusions as to the present status of this right under international law. The author also analyses potential approaches to enforcing a legitimate right to self-determination and concludes that there appears to be no effective enforcement mechanism, unless one has the support of a sovereign State in advocating one's cause. Historically, realisation of this right has more often involved a successful campaign of violence or coercion against the party denying the right, and subsequent recognition by the international community of the legitimacy of the campaign. Clearly, this situation is not conducive to international peace and security. The author argues that international criminal law may provide the only effective means of enforcing legitimate rights to self-determination at this time. This conclusion is drawn with reference to Professor M. Cherif Bassiouni's theory of five stages through which a human right evolves, from a mere aspiration, to a right whose breach attracts penal proscriptions. Bassiouni argues that, in international law, a human right becomes a suitable subject for international criminal law when effective enforcement modalities for that right have failed. The thesis concludes with a suggestion that the right to self-determination may be one of the rights protected under the 1998 Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, within the definition of the crime against humanity of "persecution" (article 7(1)(h) & (2)(g)).
Bernal, Salvador, Recordando Alvaro del Portillo, Diel, Lisboa, 1999, 350 p., 210 x 155, ISBN 972-8040-35-0
Creators: name: Arieiro, José
Publisher: name: Theologica
Year: 2021

description: Theologica, v. 35 n. 1 (2000): No aniversário do mistério da encarnação
Ramos, José da Rocha, Padre Américo: místico do nosso tempo, Casa do Gaiato, Paço de Sousa, 1997, 232 p., 205 x 150, ISBN 972-9156-27-1
Creators: name: Arieiro, José
Publisher: name: Theologica
Year: 2021

description: Theologica, v. 35 n. 1 (2000): No aniversário do mistério da encarnação
An epidemic model for COVID-19 transmission in Argentina: Exploration of the alternating quarantine and massive testing strategies
Creators: name: Vassallo, Lautaro
name: Perez, Ignacio A.
name: Alvarez-Zuzek, Lucila G.
name: Amaya, Julián
name: Torres, Marcos F.
name: Valdez, Lucas D.
name: La Rocca, Cristian E.
name: Braunstein, Lidia A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged authorities at different levels of government administration around the globe. When faced with diseases of this severity, it is useful for the authorities to have prediction tools to estimate in advance the impact on the health system and the human, material, and economic resources that will be necessary. In this paper, we construct an extended Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered model that incorporates the social structure of Mar del Plata, the $4^\circ$ most inhabited city in Argentina and head of the Municipality of General Pueyrredón. Moreover, we consider detailed partitions of infected individuals according to the illness severity, as well as data of local health resources, to bring these predictions closer to the local reality. Tuning the corresponding epidemic parameters for COVID-19, we study an alternating quarantine strategy, in which a part of the population can circulate without restrictions at any time, while the rest is equally divided into two groups and goes on successive periods of normal activity and lockdown, each one with a duration of $τ$ days. Besides, we implement a random testing strategy over the population. We found that $τ= 7$ is a good choice for the quarantine strategy since it matches with the weekly cycle as it reduces the infected population. Focusing on the health system, projecting from the situation as of September 30, we foresee a difficulty to avoid saturation of ICU, given the extremely low levels of mobility that would be required. In the worst case, our model estimates that four thousand deaths would occur, of which 30\% could be avoided with proper medical attention. Nonetheless, we found that aggressive testing would allow an increase in the percentage of people that can circulate without restrictions, being the equipment required to deal with the additional critical patients relatively low.
Matos, Leonor Correia de, A Ordem de Cister e o Reino de Portugal, Fundação Lusíada, Lisboa, 1999, 164 p., 190 x 120, ISBN 972-9450-23-4
Creators: name: Arieiro, José
Publisher: name: Theologica
Year: 2021

description: Theologica, v. 35 n. 1 (2000): No aniversário do mistério da encarnação
Larnax abra-patriciae S. Leiva & Barboza 2009
Creators: name: Deanna, Rocío
name: González, Segundo Leiva
name: Barboza, Gloria E.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Solanales
Solanaceae
Larnax
Larnax abra-Patriciae

description: Larnax abra-patriciae S. Leiva & Barboza (2009: 30)
Lectotype (designated here): — Leiva González & Barboza, Arnaldoa 16(1): 32. Fig. 1. 2009.
Additional material examined:— PERU. Amazonas: Bongará, Área de Conservación Privada Abra-Patricia, Alto Nieva, Km 364–365 carretera Fernando Belaunde Terry, borde de sendero ‘ Trocha mono’, 2334 m, 5°41’30.7’’S 77°48’41.2’’W, 21 July 2012 (fl, fr), Deanna & Leiva 41 (CORD 00006786!, HAO!; Fig. 11 B–E).
This lectotypification is due to the fact that the duplicates were not distributed prior to the HAO fire and so were destroyed at the same time as the holotype. The lectotype designated here is the illustration in the protologue (art. 9.12, ICN 2012) which is of high quality and allow the species to be identified unambiguously (Fig. 11 A). As it was possible to collect the species again at the original site of collection, a topotype is cited.
description: Published as part of Deanna, Rocío, González, Segundo Leiva & Barboza, Gloria E., 2014, Four new species and eighteen lectotypifications of Larnax from Ecuador and Peru and a new synonym of Deprea orinocensis (Solanaceae: Solanoideae, Physalideae), pp. 1-34 in Phytotaxa 167 (1) on page 19, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.167.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5153819
A Note on Boolean Lattices and Farey Sequences II
Creators: name: Matveev, Andrey O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11B57

description: We establish monotone bijections between subsequences of the Farey sequences and the halfsequences of Farey subsequences associated with elements of the Boolean lattices.
description: 9 pages; published version
Regular phantom black holes
Creators: name: Bronnikov, K. A.
name: Fabris, J. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For self-gravitating, static, spherically symmetric, minimally coupled scalar fields with arbitrary potentials and negative kinetic energy (favored by the cosmological observations), we give a classification of possible regular solutions to the field equations with flat, de Sitter and AdS asymptotic behavior. Among the 16 presented classes of regular rsolutions are traversable wormholes, Kantowski-Sachs (KS) cosmologies beginning and ending with de Sitter stages, and asymptotically flat black holes (BHs). The Penrose diagram of a regular BH is Schwarzschild-like, but the singularity at $r=0$ is replaced by a de Sitter infinity, which gives a hypothetic BH explorer a chance to survive. Such solutions also lead to the idea that our Universe could be created from a phantom-dominated collapse in another universe, with KS expansion and isotropization after crossing the horizon. Explicit examples of regular solutions are built and discussed. Possible generalizations include $k$-essence type scalar fields (with a potential) and scalar-tensor theories of gravity.
description: revtex4, 4 pages, no figures
EasyTransfer -- A Simple and Scalable Deep Transfer Learning Platform for NLP Applications
Creators: name: Qiu, Minghui
name: Li, Peng
name: Wang, Chengyu
name: Pan, Hanjie
name: Wang, Ang
name: Chen, Cen
name: Jia, Xianyan
name: Li, Yaliang
name: Huang, Jun
name: Cai, Deng
name: Lin, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The literature has witnessed the success of leveraging Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) and Transfer Learning (TL) algorithms to a wide range of Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications, yet it is not easy to build an easy-to-use and scalable TL toolkit for this purpose. To bridge this gap, the EasyTransfer platform is designed to develop deep TL algorithms for NLP applications. EasyTransfer is backended with a high-performance and scalable engine for efficient training and inference, and also integrates comprehensive deep TL algorithms, to make the development of industrial-scale TL applications easier. In EasyTransfer, the built-in data and model parallelism strategies, combined with AI compiler optimization, show to be 4.0x faster than the community version of distributed training. EasyTransfer supports various NLP models in the ModelZoo, including mainstream PLMs and multi-modality models. It also features various in-house developed TL algorithms, together with the AppZoo for NLP applications. The toolkit is convenient for users to quickly start model training, evaluation, and online deployment. EasyTransfer is currently deployed at Alibaba to support a variety of business scenarios, including item recommendation, personalized search, conversational question answering, etc. Extensive experiments on real-world datasets and online applications show that EasyTransfer is suitable for online production with cutting-edge performance for various applications. The source code of EasyTransfer is released at Github (https://github.com/alibaba/EasyTransfer).
description: 11 pages
Loureiro, João Evangelista, Um grande educador português do século XX. O Padre Américo e a sua obra pedagógica, Casa do Gaiato, Paço de Sousa, 1996, 144 p., 165 x 125, ISBN 972-9156-37-23
Creators: name: Arieiro, José
Publisher: name: Theologica
Year: 2021

description: Theologica, v. 35 n. 1 (2000): No aniversário do mistério da encarnação
Giussani, Luigi, Educar é um risco, DIEL, Lisboa, 1998, 194 pp., 200 x 120, ISBN 972-8040-20-8
Creators: name: Gomes, Miguel Ângelo
Publisher: name: Theologica
Year: 2021

description: Theologica, v. 35 n. 1 (2000): No aniversário do mistério da encarnação
Examining the Evolving Correspondence Between Petroleum Prices and Agricultural Commodity Prices
Creators: name: Campiche, Jody L.
name: Bryant, Henry L.
name: Richardson, James W.
name: Outlaw, Joe L.
name: Campiche, Jody L.
name: Bryant, Henry L.
name: Richardson, James W.
name: Outlaw, Joe L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: energy
subject: ethanol
subject: biodiesel
subject: renewable fuels
subject: crude oil prices
subject: cointegration

description: Over the last few years, the production of renewable fuels has increased dramatically. Rising oil prices, limited supplies of fossil fuel, and increased concerns about global warming have created a growing demand for renewable energy sources. Both the ethanol and biodiesel industries have experienced tremendous growth in the past few years. The production of these fuels is highly dependent on the availability of agricultural feedstocks. This research examined the covariability between crude oil prices and corn, sorghum, sugar, soybeans, soybean oil, and palm oil prices during the 2003-2007 time period. Johansen cointegration tests revealed no cointegrating relationships during the 2003-2005 time frame. However, corn prices and soybean prices were cointegrated with crude oil prices during the 2006-2007 time period.
Superresolution and Duality for Time-Reversal of Waves in Self-Similar Media
Creators: name: Fannjiang, Albert
name: Solna, Knut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the time reversal of waves in a turbulent medium using the parabolic Markovian model. We prove that the time reversal resolution can be a nonlinear function of the wavelength and independent of the aperture. We establish a duality relation between the turbulence-induced wave spread and the time-reversal resolution which can be viewed as an uncertainty inequality for random media. The inequality becomes an equality when the wave structure function is Gaussian.
Impacts of the Hutan Kamasyarakatan (HKm) Social Forestry Program in the Sumberjaya Watershed, West Lampung District of Sumatra
Creators: name: Pender, John L.
name: Kerr, John M.
name: Kato, Edward
name: Pender, John L.
name: Kerr, John M.
name: Kato, Edward
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: This paper assesses the economic impacts of the Hutan Kamasyarakatan (HKm) social forestry program in the Sumberjaya watershed in West Lampung District of Sumatra, Indonesia, which began in 2001 to provide farmer groups permits to use already deforested state Protection Forest (PF) land in exchange for protecting remaining forests, planting timber and agro-forestry trees in their coffee plantations, and using soil and water conservation measures. The study is based on analysis of a survey conducted in 2005 for 640 plots in the watershed, selected using a stratified random sample of land of different tenure categories, and their operator households, and surveys of communities with PF land and HKm groups in the watershed. We find that HKm permit holders are poorer on average than owners of private land, but have comparable wealth to users of other eligible PF land who have not applied or received HKm permits, and users of National Park (NP) land, which is not eligible for HKm. Compared to eligible non-participants, households with a HKm permit by 2005 have greater education, are more involved in producer organizations, and have better access to markets, roads and technical assistance. Many communities and households are not aware of the program or its requirements, including some of those in HKm groups. Program participants and applicants perceive that it substantially increases tenure security, land values, land investments and incomes. Econometric analysis and propensity score matching methods using the survey data provide only limited support for these perceptions, showing that the program had statistically insignificant impacts on land purchase values, soil and water conservation investments, soil fertility management practices, and profits. The program did significantly increase planting of timber and multi-purpose agroforestry trees, but these have offsetting impacts on profits, with multi-purpose trees contributing to higher profits and timber trees causing lower profits because timber harvesting is not allowed. These findings indicate that the program has potentially important pro-poor benefits, though realization of these benefits is limited by potential beneficiaries' lack of access to necessary human and social capital, markets and technical assistance; lack of awareness about the program; and program restrictions that require planting of timber trees but prohibit timber harvesting.
Connection between deriving bridges and radial parts from multidimensional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes
Creators: name: Barczy, Matyas
name: Pap, Gyula
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60J25 (Primary), 60J35 (Secondary)

description: First we give a construction of bridges derived from a general Markov process using only its transition densities. We give sufficient conditions for their existence and uniqueness (in law). Then we prove that the law of the radial part of the bridge with endpoints zero derived from a special multidimensional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process equals the law of the bridge with endpoints zero derived from the radial part of the same Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. We also construct bridges derived from general multidimensional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes.
description: 12 pages, To appear in Periodica Mathematica Hungarica
Publication Effects in the Recreation Use Values Literature
Creators: name: Rosenberger, Randall S.
name: Stanley, Tom
name: Rosenberger, Randall S.
name: Stanley, Tom
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Nonmarket Valuation
subject: Publication Selection Bias
subject: Recreation Use Values

description: This paper provides an overview of an extensive recreation use values database that was developed to investigate the presence of and effects of publication selection bias in this literature. The recreation use values literature has a long history of value transfer applications, which may be affected by publication selection bias. The database consists of 325 studies providing 2,594 estimates of value for over 26 recreation activities for the US and Canada. Preliminary analyses show that document type (journal, agency report, consulting report, dissertation, etc.) result in statistically different mean values. Similarly, motivations or the primary contribution of documents show that documents introducing efficiency in design or estimator provided statistically lower estimates of value than documents that present tests of biases or whose primary purpose is to present a new estimate of value.
Random Matrix Spectral Form Factor of Dual-Unitary Quantum Circuits
Creators: name: Bertini, Bruno
name: Kos, Pavel
name: Prosen, Tomaz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a class of brickwork-like quantum circuits on chains of $d-$level systems (qudits) that share the so-called `dual unitarity' property. Namely, these systems generate unitary dynamics not only when propagating in the time direction, but also when propagating in the space direction. We consider space-time homogeneous (Floquet) circuits and perturb them with a quenched single-site disorder, i.e. by applying independent single site random unitaries drawn from arbitrary non-singular distribution over ${\rm SU}(d)$, e.g. one concentrated around the identity, after each layer of the circuit. We identify the spectral form factor at time $t$ in the limit of long chains as the dimension of the commutant of a finite set of operators on a qudit ring of $t$ sites. For general dual unitary circuits of qubits $(d=2)$ and a family of their extensions to higher $d>2$, we provide explicit construction of the commutant and prove that spectral form factor exactly matches the prediction of circular unitary ensemble for all $t$, if only the local 2-qubit gates are different from a SWAP (non-interacting gate). We discuss and partly prove possible extensions of our results to a weaker (more singular) forms of disorder averaging, as well as to quantum circuits with time-reversal symmetry, and to computing higher moments of the spectral form factor.
description: 30 pages; v2 rigorous results for spatially inhomogeneous interactions added; v3 extended version, it contains some unproven conjectures not published in CMP
U.S. Conservation Policy Reconsidered
Creators: name: Ando, Amy Whritenour
name: Ando, Amy Whritenour
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Research related to the Endangered Species Act tends to take the presence of that policy as given and focus on issues of implementation and effects. This paper seeks to reconsider U.S. conservation policy entirely. The ESA does not protect species or ecosystems that are not endangered, and formally requires that conservation efforts be spread evenly across endangered species to prevent their extinctions. However, the focus of conservation science has evolved in recent years towards ecosystems and away from species. This paper characterizes the composition of optimal conservation spending when species are valued for their contributions to ecosystem services and not always for their own existence. The ESA clearly fails to provide ecosystem services when the species that provide them happen to be widespread enough not to be endangered. I show that the 'Noah's Ark' design of the ESA is also unlikely to yield optimal conservation levels even of endangered species, and can push excess total social resources away from conservation and towards consumer goods. I show that private conservation can help to remediate inefficient distribution of government activity among species if the scale of government programs is modest enough to leave room for private initiatives to remedy accidental government misallocations. Finally, I suggest an alternative pair of policies that protect ecosystem services and match private expenditures on conservation of charismatic species.
Quasi-circular orbits of conformal thin-sandwich puncture binary black holes
Creators: name: Hannam, Mark D
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I construct initial data for equal-mass irrotational binary black holes using the conformal thin-sandwich puncture (CTSP) approach. I locate quasi-circular orbits using the effective-potential method, and estimate the location of the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO). The ISCO prediction is consistent with results for conformal thin-sandwich data produced using excision techniques. These results also show that the ISCOs predicted by the effective-potential and ADM-Komar mass-comparison methods agree for conformal thin-sandwich data, just as they did for Bowen-York data.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure. Added discussion of the Komar mass, and slight modifications for published version
Gomes, Pinharanda, História da Filosofia Portuguesa: 1. A filosofia hebraico-portuguesa, colecção «Filosofia e Ensaios», Guimarães Editores, Lisboa, 1999, 680 p., 185 x 120, ISBN 972-665-426-2
Creators: name: Coutinho, Jorge
Publisher: name: Theologica
Year: 2021

description: Theologica, v. 35 n. 1 (2000): No aniversário do mistério da encarnação
Polygalae Radix shortens the circadian period through activation of the CaMKII pathway
Creators: name: Haraguchi, Atsushi
name: Saito, Keisuke
name: Tahara, Yu
name: Shibata, Shigenobu
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mental Health

description: The mammalian circadian clock system regulates physiological function. Crude drugs, containing Polygalae Radix, and Kampō, combining multiple crude drugs, have been used to treat various diseases, but few studies have focussed on the circadian clock. We examine effective crude drugs, which cover at least one or two of Kampō, for the shortening effects on period length of clock gene expression rhythm, and reveal the mechanism of shortening effects. We prepared 40 crude drugs. In the in vitro experiments, we used mouse embryonic fibroblasts from PERIOD2::LUCIFERASE knock-in mice (background; C57BL/6J mice) to evaluate the effect of crude drugs on the period length of core clock gene, Per2, expression rhythm by chronic treatment (six days) with distilled water or crude drugs (100 μg/mL). In the in vivo experiments, we evaluated the free-running period length of C57BL/6J mice fed AIN-93M or AIN-93M supplemented with 1% crude drug (6 weeks) that shortened the period length of the PERIOD2::LUCIFERASE expression rhythm in the in vitro experiments. We found that Polygalae Radix (ED50: 24.01 μg/mL) had the most shortened PERIOD2::LUCIFERASE rhythm period length in 40 crude drugs and that the CaMKII pathway was involved in this effect. Moreover, long-term feeding with AIN-93M+Polygalae Radix slightly shortened the free-running period of the mouse locomotor activity rhythm. Our results indicate that Polygalae Radix may be regarded as a new therapy for circadian rhythm disorder and that the CaMKII pathway may be regarded as a target pathway for circadian rhythm disorders.
Dynamics, dynamic soft elasticity and rheology of smectic-C elastomers
Creators: name: Stenull, Olaf
name: Lubensky, T. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theory for the low-frequency, long-wavelength dynamics of soft smectic-C elastomers with locked-in smectic layers. Our theory, which goes beyond pure hydrodynamics, predicts a dynamic soft elasticity of these elastomers and allows us to calculate the storage and loss moduli relevant for rheology experiments as well as the mode structure.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Cantista, Maria José Pinto, e Meirinhos, José Francisco (coord.), Descartes. Reflexão sobre a modernidade, Actas do Colóquio Internacional (Porto, 18-20 de Novembro de 1996), Fundação Eng. António de Almeida, Porto, 1999, ISBN 972-8386-21-4
Creators: name: Coutinho, Jorge
Publisher: name: Theologica
Year: 2021

description: Theologica, v. 35 n. 1 (2000): No aniversário do mistério da encarnação
Type Ia Supernovae Rates and Galaxy Clustering from the CFHT Supernova Legacy Survey
Creators: name: Graham, M. L.
name: Pritchet, C. J.
name: Sullivan, M.
name: Gwyn, S. D. J.
name: Neill, J. D.
name: Hsiao, E. Y.
name: Astier, P.
name: Balam, D.
name: Balland, C.
name: Basa, S.
name: Carlberg, R. G.
name: Conley, A.
name: Fouchez, D.
name: Guy, J.
name: Hardin, D.
name: Hook, I. M.
name: Howell, D. A.
name: Pain, R.
name: Perrett, K.
name: Regnault, N.
name: Baumont, S.
name: Du, J. Le
name: Lidman, C.
name: Perlmutter, S.
name: Ripoche, P.
name: Suzuki, N.
name: Walker, E. S.
name: Zhang, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Supernova Legacy Survey (SNLS) has created a large homogeneous database of intermediate redshift (0.2 < z < 1.0) type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). The SNLS team has shown that correlations exist between SN Ia rates, properties, and host galaxy star formation rates. The SNLS SN Ia database has now been combined with a photometric redshift galaxy catalog and an optical galaxy cluster catalog to investigate the possible influence of galaxy clustering on the SN Ia rate, over and above the expected effect due to the dependence of SFR on clustering through the morphology-density relation. We identify three cluster SNe Ia, plus three additional possible cluster SNe Ia, and find the SN Ia rate per unit mass in clusters at intermediate redshifts is consistent with the rate per unit mass in field early-type galaxies and the SN Ia cluster rate from low redshift cluster targeted surveys. We also find the number of SNe Ia in cluster environments to be within a factor of two of expectations from the two component SNIa rate model.
description: 21 pages, 2 figures, 6 tables, accepted for publication in AJ
The Federal Advisory Committee Act and Public Participation in Environmental Policy
Creators: name: Long, Rebecca J.
name: Beierle, Thomas C.
name: Long, Rebecca J.
name: Beierle, Thomas C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: public participation
subject: Federal Advisory Committee Act (FACA)
subject: collaborative decision-making
subject: alternative dispute resolution
subject: consensus building
subject: advisory committee
subject: regulatory negotiation
subject: mediation
subject: policy dialogue
subject: evaluation

description: This paper discusses the Federal Advisory Committee Act (FACA) and how it affects public participation in environmental decision-making. Passed in 1972 as one of the "openness in government" laws, FACA governs how the federal government seeks outside advice. It has had a profound influence on who participates in government decision-making, when they participate, how they participate, and what influence participation has on policy. FACA has had a number of notable successes. Primary among these has been its role in limiting the unbalanced influence of special interests, acting through advisory committees, on public policy-making. The advisory committees which the law governs have also achieved a number of the "social goals" of public participation, including: 1) educating the public, 2) bringing public values into government decision-making, 3) improving the substantive quality of decisions, 4) increasing trust in government institutions, and 5) reducing conflict. Often, advisory committees have given government relatively inexpensive access to experts and stakeholders in order to achieve these goals. However, FACA has also created--directly and indirectly--a number of "chilling effects" on public participation in environmental decision-making. First are procedural requirements which make it difficult for groups outside of government to become advisory committees, and thereby gain access to decision-making. Second are ambiguities in the law and its regulations which limit the willingness of public agencies to engage the public outside of FACA. And third are Clinton Administration policies which limit the number of advisory committees that agencies are allowed to establish. Taken together, these chilling effects create a paradox wherein agencies are reluctant to engage the public in decision-making outside of FACA but significant barriers keep groups (and agencies) from forming advisory committees under the Act. The paper concludes by recommending a streamlining of FACA's procedural requirements, a clarification of regulations and policies regarding what type of participation falls under FACA, and an elimination of administrative ceilings on advisory committee formation.
Attractive and repulsive contributions of medium fluctuations to nuclear superfluidity
Creators: name: Gori, G.
name: Ramponi, F.
name: Barranco, F.
name: Bortignon, P. F.
name: Broglia, R. A.
name: Colo', G.
name: Vigezzi, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Oscillations of mainly surface character (S=0 modes) give rise, in atomic nuclei, to an attractive (induced) pairing interaction, while spin (S=1) modes of mainly volume character generate a repulsive interaction, the net effect being an attraction which accounts for a sizeable fraction of the experimental pairing gap. Suppressing the particle-vibration coupling mediated by the proton degrees of freedom, i.e., mimicking neutron matter, the total surface plus spin-induced pairing interaction becomes repulsive.
Stiff-PINN: Physics-Informed Neural Network for Stiff Chemical Kinetics
Creators: name: Ji, Weiqi
name: Qiu, Weilun
name: Shi, Zhiyu
name: Pan, Shaowu
name: Deng, Sili
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently developed physics-informed neural network (PINN) has achieved success in many science and engineering disciplines by encoding physics laws into the loss functions of the neural network, such that the network not only conforms to the measurements, initial and boundary conditions but also satisfies the governing equations. This work first investigates the performance of PINN in solving stiff chemical kinetic problems with governing equations of stiff ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The results elucidate the challenges of utilizing PINN in stiff ODE systems. Consequently, we employ Quasi-Steady-State-Assumptions (QSSA) to reduce the stiffness of the ODE systems, and the PINN then can be successfully applied to the converted non/mild-stiff systems. Therefore, the results suggest that stiffness could be the major reason for the failure of the regular PINN in the studied stiff chemical kinetic systems. The developed Stiff-PINN approach that utilizes QSSA to enable PINN to solve stiff chemical kinetics shall open the possibility of applying PINN to various reaction-diffusion systems involving stiff dynamics.
Self-Supervised Training For Low Dose CT Reconstruction
Creators: name: Unal, Mehmet Ozan
name: Ertas, Metin
name: Yildirim, Isa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Ionizing radiation has been the biggest concern in CT imaging. To reduce the dose level without compromising the image quality, low-dose CT reconstruction has been offered with the availability of compressed sensing based reconstruction methods. Recently, data-driven methods got attention with the rise of deep learning, the availability of high computational power, and big datasets. Deep learning based methods have also been used in low-dose CT reconstruction problem in different manners. Usually, the success of these methods depends on labeled data. However, recent studies showed that training can be achieved successfully with noisy datasets. In this study, we defined a training scheme to use low-dose sinograms as their own training targets. We applied the self-supervision principle in the projection domain where the noise is element-wise independent which is a requirement for self-supervised training methods. Using the self-supervised training, the filtering part of the FBP method and the parameters of a denoiser neural network are optimized. We demonstrate that our method outperforms both conventional and compressed sensing based iterative reconstruction methods qualitatively and quantitatively in the reconstruction of analytic CT phantoms and real-world CT images in low-dose CT reconstruction task.
Near-Term Greenhouse Gas Emissions Targets
Creators: name: Kopp, Raymond J.
name: Kopp, Raymond J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: U.S. climate policy
subject: greenhouse gas target
subject: cost-effectiveness analysis
subject: cost-benefit analysis

description: At the present time no widely accepted temporal emissions path for greenhouse gases has been developed and adopted at either a country or a global level. What does exist is a set of near-term, country-level emissions targets associated with the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol and a process for the determination of targets for subsequent commitment periods. However, the first commitment period targets specified by the protocol have been heavily criticized on the grounds that they are arbitrary and ad hoc. The purpose of this paper is to examine the conceptual foundations upon which one might base a domestic climate policy for the United States and to attempt to determine whether a near-term emissions target can indeed be derived from structured decision-making resting upon these conceptual foundations.
Spectral caustics of high-order harmonics in one-dimensional periodic crystals
Creators: name: Chen, Jiaxiang
name: Xia, Qinzhi
name: Fu, Libin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically investigate the spectral caustics of high-order harmonics in solids. We analyze the 1-dimension model of solids HHG and find that, apart from the caustics originated from the van Hove singularities in the energy-band structure, another kind of catastrophe singularities also emerge when the different branches of electron-hole trajectories generating high-order harmonics coalesce into a single branch. We solve time-dependent Schrödinger equation in periodic potential and demonstrate the control of this kind of singularities in HHG with the aids of two-color laser fields. The diffraction patterns of the harmonic spectrum near the caustics agree well with the inter-band electron-hole recombination trajectories predicted by the semiconductor semi-classical equation. This work is expected to help to understand the HHG dynamics in solids and manipulate the harmonic spectrum by adjusting driving field parameters.
description: 4 pages, 3 Postscript figures
Rosa, José Maria Silva, Em busca do centro. Investigações sobre a noção de ordem na obra de Santo Agostinho (período de Cassicíaco), Universidade Católica Editora, Lisboa, 1999, 340 p., 230 x 155, ISBN 972-54-0004-6
Creators: name: Coutinho, Jorge
Publisher: name: Theologica
Year: 2021

description: Theologica, v. 35 n. 1 (2000): No aniversário do mistério da encarnação
Efficiency of Rejection-free dynamic Monte Carlo methods for homogeneous spin models, hard disk systems, and hard sphere systems
Creators: name: Watanabe, H.
name: Yukawa, S.
name: Novotny, M. A.
name: Ito, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct asymptotic arguments for the relative efficiency of rejection-free Monte Carlo (MC) methods compared to the standard MC method. We find that the efficiency is proportional to $\exp{({const} β)}$ in the Ising, $\sqrtβ$ in the classical XY, and $β$ in the classical Heisenberg spin systems with inverse temperature $β$, regardless of the dimension. The efficiency in hard particle systems is also obtained, and found to be proportional to $(\rhoc -ρ)^{-d}$ with the closest packing density $\rhoc$, density $ρ$, and dimension $d$ of the systems. We construct and implement a rejection-free Monte Carlo method for the hard-disk system. The RFMC has a greater computational efficiency at high densities, and the density dependence of the efficiency is as predicted by our arguments.
description: 12 pages, REVTEX, 13 figures, published in Phys. Rev. E
Can LISA Resolve Distance to the Large Magellanic Cloud?
Creators: name: Cooray, Asantha
name: Seto, Naoki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is expected to detect N ~ 22 [x10^(+/- 1)] close white dwarf binaries in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) through their gravitational radiation with signal-to-noise ratios greater than 10 in observational durations of 3 years or more. In addition to chirp mass, location on the sky, and other binary parameters, the distance to each binary is an independent parameter that can be extracted from an analysis of gravitational waves from these binaries. Using a sample of binaries, one can establish the mean distance to the LMC as well as the variance of this distance. Assuming no confusion noise at frequencies above 2 mHz, LISA might determine the LMC distance to ~ 4.5 (N/22)^(1/2)% and the line of sight extent of LMC to ~ 15 (N/22)^(1/4)$%, relative to its distance, at the one-sigma confidence. These estimates are competitive to some of the proposed direct geometric techniques to measure LMC distance in future with missions such as SIM and GAIA.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure panel. ApJL submitted
Javiera del Valle, Francisca, Decenário do Espírito Santo, col. «Coisas pequenas», DIEL, Lisboa, 1998, 192 pp., 150 x 110, ISBN 972-8040-25-3
Creators: name: Silva, Fernando
Publisher: name: Theologica
Year: 2021

description: Theologica, v. 35 n. 1 (2000): No aniversário do mistério da encarnação