cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Tidally-Stripped Stellar Component of the Magellanic Bridge
Creators: name: Nidever, David L.
name: Monachesi, Antonela
name: Bell, Eric F.
name: Majewski, Steven R.
name: Munoz, Ricardo R.
name: Beaton, Rachael L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Deep photometry of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) stellar periphery (R=4 deg, 4.2 kpc) is used to study its line-of-sight depth with red clump (RC) stars. The RC luminosity function is affected little by young (<1 Gyr) blue-loop stars in these regions because their main-sequence counterparts are not observed in the color magnitude diagrams. The SMC's eastern side is found to have a large line-of-sight depth (~23 kpc) while the western side has a much shallower depth (~10 kpc), consistent with previous photographic plate photometry results. We use a model SMC RC luminosity function to deconvolve the observed RC magnitudes and construct the density function in distance for our fields. Three of the eastern fields show a distance bimodality with one component at the "systemic" ~67 kpc SMC distance and a second component at ~55 kpc. Our data are not reproduced well by the various extant Magellanic Cloud and Stream simulations. However, the models predict that the known HI Magellanic Bridge (stretching from the SMC eastward towards the LMC) has a decreasing distance with angle from the SMC and should be seen in both the gaseous and stellar components. From comparison with these models we conclude that the most likely explanation for our newly identified ~55 kpc stellar structure in the eastern SMC is a stellar counterpart of the HI Magellanic Bridge that was tidally stripped from the SMC ~200 Myr ago during a close encounter with the LMC. This discovery has important implications for microlensing surveys of the SMC.
description: 12 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ
title: New Zealand ShakeOut 2018 Observation Evaluation Report: a summary of high-level findings
Creators: name: Lambie, Emily
name: Becker, Julia S
name: Coomer, Maureen A
Publisher: name: GNS Science
Year: 2019

description: The New Zealand ShakeOut 2018, organised by the Ministry of Civil Defence and Emergency Management (MCDEM), was the latest national earthquake drill to be held in New Zealand. Over 870,000 participants registered to participate in the drill via the ShakeOut website. The drill was held on 18 October 2018 at 9:30 a.m., and participants were encouraged to practice ‘Drop, Cover and Hold’ in response to a potential earthquake. In addition to the drill, other activities were promoted, such as, emergency response planning and exercising, school competitions, and tsunami hīkoi (tsunami evacuation walks) for participants in coastal areas. The 2018 ShakeOut was heavily focused towards school participation and introduced a two-week Challenge following the ShakeOut exercise. The School Challenge aimed to support primary and intermediate students to be active in their community preparedness for future earthquakes and tsunami. An evaluation was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of the ShakeOut drill in engaging people about what to do during an earthquake and to understand what additional activities people undertook during this exercise. One of the streams of research within this evaluation was having volunteer observers take notes about how people across New Zealand participated in the drill. More than 500 observer surveys were completed and collected following the drill. Another of the evaluation streams involved school surveys (completed by teachers, management etc.) about their participation in ShakeOut and the School Challenge. This report provides a high-level summary of the findings of the observer survey. There was a high level of participation in ShakeOut, especially by workplaces (44%), suggesting that workplaces provide an important outlet for public education activities regarding earthquakes and disasters in general. Analysis of both the 2012 and 2015 observer surveys also found workplaces to have the highest participation rate. Over 77% of people were seen to actively participate in the actions of ‘Drop, Cover Hold’. Of those who didn’t participate, disability and age/fragility (too young and too old or injury) were reported to have been factors preventing them successfully performing the Drop, Cover and Hold action. In terms of regional involvement, Auckland had the largest proportion of observer forms returned, followed by Wellington, Canterbury and Waikato. This regional trend was also reported in a comparison study of the 2012 and 2015 observer forms. (auth)
Grandet: A Unified, Economical Object Store for Web Applications
Creators: name: Tang, Yang
name: Hu, Gang
name: Yuan, Xinhao
name: Weng, Lingmei
name: Yang, Junfeng
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Computer science
Cloud computing
Computers--Economic aspects
Web applications

description: Web applications are getting ubiquitous every day because they offer many useful services to consumers and businesses. Many of these web applications are quite storage-intensive. Cloud computing offers attractive and economical choices for meeting their storage needs. Unfortunately, it remains challenging for developers to best leverage them to minimize cost. This paper presents Grandet, a storage system that greatly reduces storage cost for web applications deployed in the cloud. Grandet provides both a key-value interface and a file system interface, supporting a broad spectrum of web applications. Under the hood, it supports multiple heterogeneous stores, and unifies them by placing each data object at the store deemed most economical. We implemented Grandet on Amazon Web Services and evaluated Grandet on a diverse set of four popular open-source web applications. Our results show that Grandet reduces their cost by an average of 42.4%, and it is fast, scalable, and easy to use. The source code of Grandet is at http://columbia.github.io/grandet.
Cavia aperea Erxleben 1777
Creators: name: Woods, Charles A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1993
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Caviidae
Cavia
Cavia aperea

description: Cavia aperea Erxleben, 1777. Syst. Regni Anim., 1:348. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Pernambuco. DISTRIBUTION: Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, N Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay. SYNONYMS: azarae, guianae, hilaria, hypoleuca; leucopyga Brandt, 1815; nana, pamparum, rosida. COMMENTS: Includes guianae; see Hiickinghaus (1961:58) and Husson (1978:449); but also see Cabrera (1961:578) who placed guianae in porcellus. Corbet and Hill (1991:201) listed guianae as a distinct species without comment. Includes pamparum according to Massoia and Fornes (1967) and Hiickinghaus (1961:57), but Cabrera (1961:577) listed pamparum as a distinct species. Also includes nana (see Hiickinghaus, 1961:58).
description: Published as part of Charles A. Woods, 1993, Order Rodentia - Suborder Hystricognathi, pp. 771-806 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on pages 778-779, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353083
description: {"references": ["Husson, A. M. 1978. The mammals of Suriname. E. J. Brill, Leiden, 569 pp., 160 pls.", "Corbet, G. B., and J. E. Hill. 1991. A world list of mammalian species. Third ed. British Museum (Natural History) Publications, London, 243 pp.", "Massoia, E., and A. Fornes. 1967. El estado sistematico, distribucion geografica y datos etoecologicos de algunos mamiferos neotropicales (Marsupialia y Rodentia), con la descripcion de Cabreramys, genero nuevo (Cricetidae). Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 23: 407 - 430."]}
Practical Quantum Metrology
Creators: name: Matthews, Jonathan C. F.
name: Zhou, Xiao-Qi
name: Cable, Hugo
name: Shadbolt, Peter J.
name: Saunders, Dylan J.
name: Durkin, Gabriel A.
name: Pryde, Geoff J.
name: O'Brien, Jeremy L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum metrology research promises approaches to build new sensors that achieve the ultimate level of precision measurement and perform fundamentally better than modern sensors. Practical schemes that tolerate realistic fabrication imperfections and environmental noise are required in order to realise quantum-enhanced sensors and to enable their real-world application. We have demonstrated the key enabling principles of a practical, loss-tolerant approach to photonic quantum metrology designed to harness all multi-photon components in spontaneous parametric downconversion---a method for generating multiple photons that we show requires no further fundamental state engineering for use in practical quantum metrology. We observe a quantum advantage of 28% in precision measurement of optical phase using the four-photon detection component of this scheme, despite 83% system loss. This opens the way to new quantum sensors based on current quantum-optical capabilities.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables
Cartographic Analysis of Antennas and Towers: A Novel Approach to Improving the Implementation and Data Transmission of mHealth Tools on Mobile Networks
Creators: name: Brown III, William
name: Ibitoye, Mobolaji Omowumi
name: Bakken, Suzanne R.
name: Schnall, Rebecca
name: Balán, Iván C.
name: Frasca, Timothy Joel
name: Carballo-Diéguez, Alex
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Medical care
subject: Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Biomedical engineering
subject: Wireless communication systems in medical care
subject: Medicine

description: Background: Most mHealth tools such as short message service (SMS), mobile apps, wireless pill counters, and ingestible wireless monitors use mobile antennas to communicate. Limited signal availability, often due to poor antenna infrastructure, negatively impacts the implementation of mHealth tools and remote data collection. Assessing the antenna infrastructure prior to starting a study can help mitigate this problem. Currently, there are no studies that detail whether and how the antenna infrastructure of a study site or area is assessed.
Objective: To address this literature gap, we analyze and discuss the use of a cartographic analysis of antennas and towers (CAAT) for mobile communications for geographically assessing mobile antenna and tower infrastructure and identifying signal availability for mobile devices prior to the implementation of an SMS-based mHealth pilot study.
Methods: An alpha test of the SMS system was performed using 11 site staff. A CAAT for the study area’s mobile network was performed after the alpha test and pre-implementation of the pilot study. The pilot study used a convenience sample of 11 high-risk men who have sex with men who were given human immunodeficiency virus test kits for testing nonmonogamous sexual partners before intercourse. Product use and sexual behavior were tracked through SMS. Message frequency analyses were performed on the SMS text messages, and SMS sent/received frequencies of 11 staff and 11 pilot study participants were compared.
Results: The CAAT helped us to successfully identify strengths and weaknesses in mobile service capacity within a 3-mile radius from the epicenters of four New York City boroughs. During the alpha test, before CAAT, 1176/1202 (97.84%) text messages were sent to staff, of which 26/1176 (2.21%) failed. After the CAAT, 2934 messages were sent to pilot study participants and none failed.
Conclusions: The CAAT effectively illustrated the research area’s mobile infrastructure and signal availability, which allowed us to improve study setup and sent message success rates. The SMS messages were sent and received with a lower fail rate than those reported in previous studies.
A polarization-based Thomson scattering technique for burning plasmas
Creators: name: Parke, E.
name: Mirnov, V. V.
name: Hartog, D. J. Den
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The traditional Thomson scattering diagnostic is based on measurement of the wavelength spectrum of scattered light, where electron temperature measurements are inferred from thermal broadening of the scattered laser light. At sufficiently high temperatures, especially those predicted for ITER and other burning plasmas, relativistic effects cause a change in the polarization state of the scattered photons. The resulting depolarization of the scattered light is temperature dependent and has been proposed elsewhere as a potential alternative to the traditional spectral decomposition technique. Following similar work, we analytically calculate the degree of polarization for incoherent Thomson scattering. For the first time, we obtain exact results valid for the full range of incident laser polarization states and electron temperatures. While previous work focused only on linear polarization, we show that circularly polarized incident light optimizes the degree of depolarization for a wide range of temperatures relevant to burning plasmas. We discuss the feasibility of a polarization based Thomson scattering diagnostic for ITER-like plasmas with both linearly and circularly polarized light and compare to the traditional technique.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
title: Self-Assembled Fluorescent Block Copolymer Micelles with Responsive Emission
Creators: name: Kurz, Hannah
name: Hils, Christian
name: Timm, Jana
name: Hörner, Gerald
name: Greiner, Andreas
name: Marschall, Roland
name: Schmalz, Holger
name: Weber, Birgit
Publisher: name: University of Bayreuth
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Block Copolymers
subject: Fluorescence
subject: Micelles
subject: Schiff Bases
subject: Sensors
subject: 500
subject: 540

description: Responsive fluorescent materials offer a high potential for sensing and (bio-)imaging applications. To investigate new concepts for such materials and to broaden their applicability, the previously reported non-fluorescent zinc(II) complex [Zn(L)] that shows coordination-induced turn-on emission was encapsulated into a family of non-fluorescent polystyrene- block -poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS- b -P4VP) diblock copolymer micelles leading to brightly emissive materials. Coordination-induced turn-on emission upon incorporation and ligation of the [Zn(L)] in the P4VP core outperform parent [Zn(L)] in pyridine solution with respect to lifetimes, quantum yields, and temperature resistance. The quantum yield can be easily tuned by tailoring the selectivity of the employed solvent or solvent mixture and, thus, the tendency of the PS- b -P4VP diblock copolymers to self-assemble into micelles. A medium-dependent off-on sensor upon micelle formation could be established by suppression of non-micelle-borne emission background pertinent to chloroform through controlled acidification indicating an additional pH-dependent process.
Identifying Functionally Similar Code in Complex Codebases
Creators: name: Su, Fang-Hsiang
name: Bell, Jonathan
name: Kaiser, Gail E.
name: Sethumadhavan, Simha
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Software engineering
Computer software
Computer software--Development
Computer programming
Computer science

description: Identifying similar code in software systems can assist many software engineering tasks, including program understanding. While most approaches focus on identifying code that looks alike, some researchers propose to detect instead code that functions alike, which are known as functional clones. However, previous work has raised the technical challenges to detect these functional clones in object oriented languages such as Java. We propose a novel technique, In-Vivo Clone Detection, a language-agnostic technique that detects functional clones in arbitrary programs by observing and mining inputs and outputs. We implemented this technique targeting programs that run on the JVM, creating HitoshiIO (available freely on GitHub), a tool to detect functional code clones. Our experimental results show that it is powerful in detecting these functional clones, finding 185 methods that are functionally similar across a corpus of 118 projects, even when there are only very few inputs available. In a random sample of the detected clones, HitoshiIO achieves 68+% true positive rate, while the false positive rate is only 15%.
How are identifiers named in open source software? About popularity and consistency
Creators: name: Wang, Yanqing
name: Wang, Chong
name: Li, Xiaojie
name: Yun, Sijing
name: Song, Minjing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With the rapid increasing of software project size and maintenance cost, adherence to coding standards especially by managing identifier naming, is attracting a pressing concern from both computer science educators and software managers. Software developers mainly use identifier names to represent the knowledge recorded in source code. However, the popularity and adoption consistency of identifier naming conventions have not been revealed yet in this field. Taking forty-eight popular open source projects written in three top-ranking programming languages Java, C and C++ as examples, an identifier extraction tool based on regular expression matching is developed. In the subsequent investigation, some interesting findings are obtained. For the identifier naming popularity, it is found that Camel and Pascal naming conventions are leading the road while Hungarian notation is vanishing. For the identifier naming consistency, we have found that the projects written in Java have a much better performance than those written in C and C++. Finally, academia and software industry are urged to adopt the most popular naming conventions consistently in their practices so as to lead the identifier naming to a standard, unified and high-quality road.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures, 5 tables
User Study: Programming Understanding from Similar Code
Creators: name: Sivasankar, Anush Ramsurat Ganapathi Agraharam
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Computer programming
Programming languages (Electronic computers)
Programming languages (Electronic computers)--Semantics
Computer science--Study and teaching
Computer science

description: The aim of the user study conducted is primarily threefold: -To accurately judge, based on a number of parameters, whether showing similar code helps in code comprehension. -To investigate separately, a number of cases involving dynamic code, static code, the effect of options on accuracy of responses, and so on. -To distribute the user survey, collect data, responses and feedback from the user study and draw conclusions.
Software Engineering Methodologies and Life
Creators: name: Lennon, Scott
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Open source software
Agile software development
Software engineering
Computer science

description: The paradigms of design patterns and software engineering methodologies are methods that apply to areas outside the software space. As a business owner and student, I implement many software principles daily in both my work and personal life. After experiencing the power of Agile methodologies outside the scope of software engineering, I always think about how I can integrate the computer science skills that I am learning at Columbia in my life. For my study, I seek to learn about other software engineering development processes that can be useful in life. I theorize that if a model such as Agile can provide me with useful tools, then a model that the government and most of the world trusts should have paradigms I can learn with as well. The software model I will study is open source software (OSS). My research examines the lateral software standards of (OSS) and closed source software (CSS). For the scope of this paper, I will focus on research primarily on Linux as the OSS model and Agile as the CSS model. OSS has had an extraordinary impact on the software revolution [1], and CSS models have gained such popularity that its paradigms extend far beyond the software engineering space. Before delving into research, I thought the methodologies of OSS and CSS would be radically different. My study shall describe the similarities that exist between these two methodologies. In the process of my research, I was able to implement the values and paradigms that define the OSS development model to work more productively in my business. Software engineering core values and models can be used as a tool to improve our lives.
Trường hợp điển hình: Vai trò của các nhà cấp vốn nghiên cứu trong việc củng cố toàn cảnh mã nhận diện thường trực (PID)
Creators: name: Nghĩa, Lê Trung
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: rủi ro và lòng tin
mã nhận diện thường trực (PID)
nhà cấp vốn nghiên cứu

description: Đây là bản dịch tài liệu: 'Case study: The role of research funders in the consolidation of the PID landscape' của các tác giả Pablo de Castro, Ulrich Herb, Laura Rothfritz và Joachim Schöpfel (scidecode science consulting), do Knowledge Exchange (KE) xuất bản tháng 8/2022. Bản gốc tiếng Anh có tại địa chỉ https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7258210
description: {"references": ["Pablo de Castro, Ulrich Herb, Laura Rothfritz and Joachim Sch\u00f6pfel (scidecode science consulting) (2023). Case study: The role of research funders in the consolidation of the PID landscape. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7258210"]}
Super-Razor and Searches for Sleptons and Charginos at the LHC
Creators: name: Buckley, Matthew R.
name: Lykken, Joseph D.
name: Rogan, Christopher
name: Spiropulu, Maria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Direct searches for electroweak pair production of new particles at the LHC are a difficult proposition, due to the large background and low signal cross sections. We demonstrate how these searches can be improved by a combination of new razor variables and shape analysis of signal and background kinematics. We assume that the pair-produced particles decay to charged leptons and missing energy, either directly or through a W boson. In both cases the final state is a pair of opposite sign leptons plus missing transverse energy. We estimate exclusion reach in terms of sleptons and charginos as realized in minimal supersymmetry. We compare this super-razor approach in detail to analyses based on other kinematic variables, showing how the super-razor uses more of the relevant kinematic information while achieving higher selection efficiency on signals, including cases with compressed spectra.
description: 33 pages, 33 figures
Why Are We Permanently Stuck in an Elevator? A Software Engineering Perspective on Game Bugs
Creators: name: Zhang, Iris
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Video games--Design
Software engineering
Computer programs--Defects
Video games
Computer science

description: In the past decade, the complexity of video games have increased dramatically and so have the complexity of software systems behind them. The difficulty in designing and testing games invariably leads to bugs that manifest themselves across funny video reels on graphical glitches and millions of submitted support tickets. This paper presents an analysis of game developers and their teams who have knowingly released bugs to see what factors may motivate them in doing so. It examines different development environments as well as inquiring into varied types of game platforms and play-style. Above all, it seeks out how established research on software development best practices and challenges should inform understanding of these bugs. These findings may lead to targeted efforts to mitigate some of the factors leading to glitches, tailored to the specific needs of the game development team.
Further Information on Miller's 1882 One-Time Pad
Creators: name: Bellovin, Steven Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Cryptographers
Data encryption (Computer science)
Cryptography
Computer science

description: New information has been discovered about Frank Miller's 1882 one-time pad. These documents explain Miller's threat model and show that he had a reasonably deep understanding of the problem; they also suggest that his scheme was used more than had been supposed.
Predictive PAC Learning and Process Decompositions
Creators: name: Shalizi, Cosma Rohilla
name: Kontorovich, Aryeh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We informally call a stochastic process learnable if it admits a generalization error approaching zero in probability for any concept class with finite VC-dimension (IID processes are the simplest example). A mixture of learnable processes need not be learnable itself, and certainly its generalization error need not decay at the same rate. In this paper, we argue that it is natural in predictive PAC to condition not on the past observations but on the mixture component of the sample path. This definition not only matches what a realistic learner might demand, but also allows us to sidestep several otherwise grave problems in learning from dependent data. In particular, we give a novel PAC generalization bound for mixtures of learnable processes with a generalization error that is not worse than that of each mixture component. We also provide a characterization of mixtures of absolutely regular ($β$-mixing) processes, of independent probability-theoretic interest.
description: 9 pages, accepted in NIPS 2013
Tensor Analysis Reveals Distinct Population Structure that Parallels the Different Computational Roles of Areas M1 and V1
Creators: name: Seely, Jeffrey Scott
name: Kaufman, Matthew T.
name: Ryu, Stephen I.
name: Shenoy, Krishna V.
name: Cunningham, John Patrick
name: Churchland, Mark M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Motor cortex
subject: Calculus of tensors
subject: Neurons
subject: Visual cortex
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biometry

description: Cortical firing rates frequently display elaborate and heterogeneous temporal structure. One often wishes to compute quantitative summaries of such structure—a basic example is the frequency spectrum—and compare with model-based predictions. The advent of large-scale population recordings affords the opportunity to do so in new ways, with the hope of distinguishing between potential explanations for why responses vary with time. We introduce a method that assesses a basic but previously unexplored form of population-level structure: when data contain responses across multiple neurons, conditions, and times, they are naturally expressed as a third-order tensor. We examined tensor structure for multiple datasets from primary visual cortex (V1) and primary motor cortex (M1). All V1 datasets were ‘simplest’ (there were relatively few degrees of freedom) along the neuron mode, while all M1 datasets were simplest along the condition mode. These differences could not be inferred from surface-level response features. Formal considerations suggest why tensor structure might differ across modes. For idealized linear models, structure is simplest across the neuron mode when responses reflect external variables, and simplest across the condition mode when responses reflect population dynamics. This same pattern was present for existing models that seek to explain motor cortex responses. Critically, only dynamical models displayed tensor structure that agreed with the empirical M1 data. These results illustrate that tensor structure is a basic feature of the data. For M1 the tensor structure was compatible with only a subset of existing models.
Dimensional transition in rotating turbulence
Creators: name: Deusebio, Enrico
name: Boffetta, Guido
name: Lindborg, Erik
name: Musacchio, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we investigate, by means of direct numerical simulations, how rotation affects the bi-dimensionalization of a turbulent flow. We study a thin layer of fluid, forced by a two-dimensional forcing, within the framework of the "split cascade" in which the injected energy flows both to small scales (generating the direct cascade) and to large scale (to form the inverse cascade). It is shown that rotation reinforces the inverse cascade at the expense of the direct one, thus promoting bi-dimensionalization of the flow. This is achieved by a suppression of the enstrophy production at large scales. Nonetheless, we find that, in the range of rotation rates investigated, increasing the the vertical scale causes a reduction of the flux of the inverse cascade. Our results suggest that, even in rotating flows, the inverse cascade may eventually disappear when the vertical scale is sufficiently large with respect to the forcing scale.
Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Infection in Three New York City Hospitals Trended Downwards From 2006 to 2014
Creators: name: Park, Sun O.
name: Liu, Jianfang
name: Furuya, Yoko
name: Larson, Elaine L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Communicable diseases
Nosocomial infections
Public health
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Medicine

description: Background. Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) infection is a rising public health threat since its first outbreaks in New York City (NYC) in the early 2000s. We investigated annual trends of CRKP infection in hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) and community-onset infections (COIs) treated in 3 NYC hospitals from 2006 to 2014.

Methods. We extracted K pneumoniae infection data including carbapenem susceptibility and anatomical sites, compared clinical characteristics between CRKP and carbapenem-susceptible K pneumoniae infections, and determined CRKP infection proportions in total K pneumoniae infections in HAI and COI to identify statistically significant trends from 2006 to 2014 using the Cochran-Armitage trend test.

Results. Carbapenem-resistant K pneumoniae contributed 17.3% (601 of 3477) of hospital-acquired K pneumoniae infection compared with 7.7% (149 of 1926) in COI from 2006 to 2014. Carbapenem-resistant K pneumoniae proportions in HAI and COI were positively correlated over time (r = 0.83, P < .01), and there were downward annual trends of CRKP proportions from 2006 to 2014 in both HAI and COI (25.8% to 10.5% in HAI, P < .001; 13.6% to 3.1% in COI, P < .001). By anatomical site, significant downward annual trends were present only in urinary tract infection (P < .001 for both HAI and COI) from 2006 to 2014.

Conclusions. Annual trends of CRKP proportions from 2006 to 2014 were downward in both HAI and COI, and HAI and COI were positively correlated. Efforts to reduce and prevent CRKP infections in both hospital and community settings were successful and warrant continuation.
Collateral damage to marine and terrestrial ecosystems from Yankee whaling in the 19th century
Creators: name: Drew, Joshua Adam
name: Lopez, Elora H.
name: Gill, Lucy
name: McKeon, Mallory
name: Miller, Nathan
name: Steinberg, Madeline
name: McClenachan, Loren
name: Shen, Christa
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Whaling--Environmental aspects
subject: Whales--Ecology
subject: Marine ecology
subject: Whaling
subject: Conservation biology
subject: Wildlife conservation
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Yankee whalers of the 19th century had major impacts on populations of large whales, but these leviathans were not the only taxa targeted. Here, we describe the “collateral damage,” the opportunistic or targeted taking of nongreat whale species by the American whaling industry. Using data from 5,064 records from 79 whaling logs occurring between 1840 and 1901, we show that Yankee whalers captured 5,255 animals across three large ocean basins from 32 different taxonomic categories, including a wide range of marine and terrestrial species. The taxa with the greatest number of individuals captured were walruses (Odobenus rosmarus), ducks (family Anatidae), and cod (Gadus sp.). By biomass, the most captured species were walruses, grampus (a poorly defined group within Odontoceti), and seals (family Otariidae). The whalers captured over 2.4 million kg of nongreat whale meat equaling approximately 34 kg of meat per ship per day at sea. The species and areas targeted shifted over time in response to overexploitation of whale populations, with likely intensive local impacts on terrestrial species associated with multiyear whaling camps. Our results show that the ecosystem impacts of whaling reverberated on both marine and coastal environments.
Llanolebias Hrbek & Taphorn, 2008, new genus
Creators: name: Hrbek, Tomas
name: Taphorn, Donald C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Cyprinodontiformes
Rivulidae
Llanolebias

description: Llanolebias new genus
Fig. 4 (male and female), Fig. 5 (male and female MCNG 25828)
 Type species. Rivulus stellifer Thomerson & Turner 1973. Holotype: USNM 209254; Paratypes: USNM 209254, FMNH 71667, FMNH 71668, UMMZ 193375, CAS 27556, MBUCV V- 7199, ICNMHN 700.
 Diagnosis. Llanolebias is diagnosed by the numerous molecular characters, however, it possesses no unique morphological characters that will unambiguously distinguish it from all other rivulid species; however, 13 characters distinguishing it from the genus Rachovia, and 33 characters distinguish it from the genus Gnatholebias. Compared to its sister genus Gnatholebias, the single species of Llanolebias is a robust, cylindrical-shaped fish, with short fins and in males very small fin-ray extensions, while Gnatholebias species have relatively deep, laterally compressed bodies with long fins and long fin-ray extensions. The anal fin base of Llanolebias is also short compared to species of Gnatholebias, and Llanolebias has 14-15 anal fin rays versus 22-26 fin rays in Gnatholebias. Llanolebias also lacks the fatty predorsal ridge characteristic of older males of Rachovia. With the sole exception of females of Renova oscari Thomerson & Taphorn, 1995, Llanolebias is the only member of the ‘lowland annual’ clade of Rivulidae (Hrbek & Larson, 1999) with a ‘Rivulus’ spot in females. Llanolebias stellifer also differs ecologically from the two species of Gnatholebias. Llanolebias stellifer occurs in shallow habitats on the edges of aquatic systems in deep forest, whilst Gnatholebias zonatus is from sunny pools in the savannah and Gnatholebias hoignei (Thomerson, 1974) is from shaded but deeper pools than L. stellifer. Llanolebias stellifer is confined to seasonally wet areas in the seasonally dry tropical forest region of the Llanos, and is found in a habitat similar to that occupied by species of the genera Aphyolebias and Moema which are found in seasonally wet areas of dense tropical forests of the Amazon and Essequibo basin.
 Included taxa. Only the type species.
 Etymology. From the Spanish Llanos (grassy plains, and in particular the Orinoco River savannahs of Venezuela and Colombia) and the Greek Lebia (a small fish and a nominal cyprinodontiform genus). Gender masculine.
description: Published as part of Hrbek, Tomas & Taphorn, Donald C., 2008, Description of a new annual rivulid killifish genus from Venezuela, pp. 27-42 in Zootaxa 1734 on pages 36-38, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181425
Goodbye to Summer Vacation? The Effects of Summer Enrollment on College and Employment Outcomes
Creators: name: Liu, Yuen Ting
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Education, Higher
Summer schools

description: Despite rich evidence on the benefit of summer enrollment at the K-12 level, the college completion literature has so far focused on college readiness, remediation, and financial aid, and has largely overlooked the potential benefits of taking summer courses among college students. Academic momentum theory suggests that summer enrollment may increase credit accumulation and retention and thus increase the rate of college completion. Using proximity to the closest four-year college as an instrumental variable (IV), I analyze public higher education data from an anonymous state to examine how enrolling in summer credits can impact college outcomes and the mechanisms by which it may do so. I find that summer enrollees in the sample had higher bachelor’s degree completion rates than summer non-enrollees. Summer enrollees returned to college at a higher rate and completed more credits in the following fall without compromising their grade point averages. Students with lower first-term grade point averages benefitted more from summer enrollment. When summer enrollees reached the labor market, they had higher employment rates six years after initial enrollment. Conditional on employment, earnings were equivalent among summer enrollees and non-enrollees. These findings indicate that summer enrollment benefits students through retention, which leads to higher rates of completion and employment. They suggest that colleges may want to seek opportunities for increasing summer enrollment, and they have implications for the current method of Pell Grant allocation, which privileges the fall and spring terms over the summer term.
Sparticle Spectroscopy from SO(10) GUT with a Unified Higgs Sector
Creators: name: Ajaib, M. Adeel
name: Gogoladze, Ilia
name: Shafi, Qaisar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the low energy implications, especially the particle spectroscopy, of SO(10) grand unification in which the SO(10) symmetry is broken to the Standard Model gauge group with a single pair of (144+\bar144) dimensional Higgs multiplet (unified Higgs sector). In this class of models, the asymptotic relation Y_b \approx Y_τ\approx Y_t/6 among the third generation quark and lepton Yukawa couplings can be derived. This relation leads to the prediction \tanβ\approx 14, where \tanβis the well known MSSM parameter. We find that this type of Yukawa coupling unification (YU) is realized only by employing non-universal soft supersymmetry breaking terms, dictated by SO(10) symmetry, for the gauginos. A 125 GeV Higgs boson mass is also found to be consistent with YU at the \sim 5% level. Without imposing a constraint on the relic abundance of dark matter in these models, the squark and slepton masses, with the exception of the stop, exceed 2 TeV and the gluino is heavier than 1 TeV. We show that the neutralino in this model is an acceptable dark matter candidate through the neutralino-stop coannihilation scenario, with the stop quark being relatively light (\gtrsim 500 GeV).
description: 14 pages, 3 figures, 1 table. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1303.6964
Decolonising Textile Tools
Creators: name: Kabir, Raisa
name: Anderson, Claire
Publisher: name: FUTURESCAN
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 330315
subject: Textile and fashion design

description: This paper reports on the process of introducing decolonial textiles pedagogy within the Textile design programme at Chelsea College of Arts, researching and testing what works in this design educational environment and measuring the success of outcomes. Decolonisation within higher education is at risk of becoming a buzzword without in reality achieving change (Crilly, 2019). However, the ongoing lived impacts of the colonial on knowledge production and more specifically textile knowledge production demands an active response within the context of textile design education.
 The Decolonising Textiles Tools project explored textile making, designing, and using tools that are de-centered from euro-centric technology and thinking frameworks. Too often designers are removed from the centres of production, by starting with the ‘tools’– we can re-situate our perspective on textile making and machinery.
 The aim of the project, delivered across one academic year, was to enable students to critically engage with what it means to be a socially and environmentally responsible designer decolonising the way we imagine textile production. Students explored the relationship between low technologies and climate racism/justice through experimentation with low-impact design/making methods.
 In questioning how cultural imperialism affects textile identities related to place, land, culture, and language, students began to evaluate strands of global textile thinking. The critical intention of the project examined whether an embodied practice could innovate and make us think post industrially about textile design, altering our understanding of the euro-centric viewpoint of contemporary textile design education. Rather than taking a ‘tokenistic approach’ (Israel, 2019, pg 7) to inclusivity this brief gave students a voice and choice in the tools which they worked with. Investigating the decolonisation of textile technologies through two parallel and interconnected tracks: (1) hands-on experimentation (2) theoretical study into the broader transnational topics of the project.
Mid-Infrared Imaging of the Bipolar Planetary Nebula M2-9 from SOFIA
Creators: name: Werner, M. W.
name: Sahai, R.
name: Davis, J.
name: Livingston, J.
name: Lykou, F.
name: de Buizer, J.
name: Morris, M. R.
name: Keller, L.
name: Adams, J.
name: Gull, G.
name: Henderson, C.
name: Herter, T.
name: Schoenwald, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have imaged the bipolar planetary nebula M2-9 using SOFIA's FORCAST instrument in six wavelength bands between 6.6 and 37.1 $μm$. A bright central point source, unresolved with SOFIA's $\sim$ 4${''}$-to-5${''}$ beam, is seen at each wavelength, and the extended bipolar lobes are clearly seen at 19.7 $μm$ and beyond. The photometry between 10 and 25 $μm$ is well fit by the emission predicted from a stratified disk seen at large inclination, as has been proposed for this source by Lykou et al and by Smith and Gehrz. The principal new results in this paper relate to the distribution and properties of the dust that emits the infrared radiation. In particular, a considerable fraction of this material is spread uniformly through the lobes, although the dust density does increase at the sharp outer edge seen in higher resolution optical images of M2-9. The dust grain population in the lobes shows that small ($$ 1 $μm$) particles appear to be present in roughly equal amounts by mass. We suggest that collisional processing within the bipolar outflow plays an important role in establishing the particle size distribution.
description: 40 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables
Digitized Spiral Drawing: A Possible Biomarker for Early Parkinson’s Disease
Creators: name: San Luciano, Marta
name: Ortega, Roberto A.
name: Wang, Cuiling
name: Yu, Qiping
name: Boschung, Sarah
name: Soto-Valencia, Jeannie
name: Bressman, Susan B.
name: Saunders-Pullman, Rachel
name: Pullman, Seth
name: Lipton, Richard B.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Writing
subject: Mental illness--Diagnosis
subject: Parkinson's disease
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Introduction

Pre-clinical markers of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) are needed, and to be relevant in pre-clinical disease, they should be quantifiably abnormal in early disease as well. Handwriting is impaired early in PD and can be evaluated using computerized analysis of drawn spirals, capturing kinematic, dynamic, and spatial abnormalities and calculating indices that quantify motor performance and disability. Digitized spiral drawing correlates with motor scores and may be more sensitive in detecting early changes than subjective ratings. However, whether changes in spiral drawing are abnormal compared with controls and whether changes are detected in early PD are unknown.

Methods

138 PD subjects (50 with early PD) and 150 controls drew spirals on a digitizing tablet, generating x, y, z (pressure) data-coordinates and time. Derived indices corresponded to overall spiral execution (severity), shape and kinematic irregularity (second order smoothness, first order zero-crossing), tightness, mean speed and variability of spiral width. Linear mixed effect adjusted models comparing these indices and cross-validation were performed. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was applied to examine discriminative validity of combined indices.

Results

All indices were significantly different between PD cases and controls, except for zero-crossing. A model using all indices had high discriminative validity (sensitivity = 0.86, specificity = 0.81). Discriminative validity was maintained in patients with early PD.

Conclusion

Spiral analysis accurately discriminates subjects with PD and early PD from controls supporting a role as a promising quantitative biomarker. Further assessment is needed to determine whether spiral changes are PD specific compared with other disorders and if present in pre-clinical PD.
Applicazioni GIS per l’analisi tafonomica dei resti faunistici del livello 3 colluvio di Isernia La Pineta (Molise, Italia)
Creators: name: Channarayapatna, Sharada
name: Lembo, Giuseppe
name: Peretto, Carlo
name: Thun Hohenstein, Ursula
Publisher: name: Sezione di Museologia Scientifica e Naturalistica
Year: 2018

description: Understanding the post-depositional taphonomic history of faunal remains from the 3 colluvium level of Isernia La Pineta (Molise, Italy) through GIS application Rich evidence of archaeological artefacts such as lithic tools and faunal remains have been recovered from the open-air, Middle Pleistocene, Palaeolithic site of Isernia La Pineta, situated in south-central Italy. GIS, in the context of faunal remains, has previously been applied to archaeosurfaces and other levels from this site and concentrated mainly on the distribution of different species and their representative skeletal parts. However, recently, 3 colluvium level (TNR- 6193) was subjected to spatial queries with archaeozoological and taphonomical variables selectively in association with the surrounding matrix, the presentation of results of which forms the focus of this paper.
description: Sezione di Museologia Scientifica e Naturalistica, Vol 13 (2017): IV IAPP - Ferrara 2018
Generation and subwavelength focusing of longitudinal magnetic fields in a metallized fiber tip
Creators: name: Ploss, Daniel
name: Kriesch, Arian
name: Pfeifer, Hannes
name: Banzer, Peter
name: Peschel, Ulf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate experimentally and numerically that in fiber tips as they are used in NSOMs azimuthally polarized electrical fields (|E$_{\text{azi}}$|$^2$/|E$_{\text{tot}}$|$^2$ $\approx$ 55% $\pm $ 5% for 1.4μm tip aperture diameter and λ$_0$ = 1550nm), respectively subwavelength confined (FWHM $\approx$ 450nm $\approx$ λ$_0$/3.5) magnetic fields, are generated for a certain tip aperture diameter (d = 1.4μm). We attribute the generation of this field distribution in metal-coated fiber tips to symmetry breaking in the bend and subsequent plasmonic mode filtering in the truncated conical taper.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures