cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Energy Storage: Toward a Sustainable and Equitable Future
Creators: name: Chang, Christina
name: Farnum, Rebecca
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2014

description: Our world is running out of fossil fuels to burn for energy. Therefore, even if we were not concerned with climate change, we need to be able to produce and store energy sustainably from renewable sources. Sunlight is an abundant energy supply, and the blueprint for sustainable energy creation and storage has long been right under our noses – and on our salad forks. This article draws attention to an emerging solar energy storage technology being developed in labs around the world, called artificial photosynthesis. Artificial photosynthesis can be used to make ‘artificial leaves’ that act like ‘solar batteries’, creating and storing fuel. We describe how artificial photosynthesis works and discuss how it may provide a way forward for renewable energy storage, reduce our negative impacts on the planet, and make electricity accessible to our most vulnerable population.
The Opportunities and Risks of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Healthcare
Creators: name: Hamid, Sobia
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2016

description: Artificial Intelligence is increasingly being applied in healthcare and medicine, with the greatest impact being achieved thus far in medical imaging. These are technologies that are capable of performing a task that usually requires human perception and judgement, which can make them controversial in a healthcare setting. In this article we will explore some of the opportunities and risks in using AI in healthcare, as well as policy recommendations for improving their use and acceptance.
Five Dwarf Novae with Orbital Periods Below Two Hours
Creators: name: Thorstensen, J. R.
name: Fenton, W. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give mean spectra and report orbital periods Porb based on radial velocities taken near minimum light for five dwarf novae, all of which prove to have Porb less than 2 hr. The stars and their periods are KX Aql, 0.06035(3) d; FT Cam, 0.07492(8) d; PU CMa, 0.05669(4) d; V660 Her, 0.07826(8) d;, and DM Lyr, 0.06546(6). The emission lines in KX Aql are notably strong and broad, and the other stars' spectra appear generally typical for short-period dwarf novae. We observed FT Cam, PU CMa, and DM Lyr on more than one observing run and constrain their periods accordingly. Differential time-series photometry of FT Cam shows strong flickering but rules out deep eclipses. Although dwarf novae in this period range generally show the superhumps and superoutbursts characteristic of the SU UMa subclass of dwarf novae, none of these objects have well-observed superhumps.
description: 14 pages, three figures. Accepted for PASP
Policy in the Face of Uncertainty: The Smart Meter Dilemma
Creators: name: Plutshack, Victoria
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2016

description: Smart technologies, which can communicate and share information, have been hailed as a panacea for a range of our energy problems. The possibilities for energy savings and greater energy efficiency are enormous. The first step in realizing the smart vision of the future is the humble smart meter, which is due to be universally available in British homes by 2020. However, the behavioural science behind the effects of an in-home energy meter is mixed. Pilot tests have returned a range of results, from energy savings to increased consumption and everything in between. Given that there is scientific uncertainty, how should policy makers respond? I argue that the Government must clearly prioritise its reasons for the adoption of smart meters in order to create meters that are most likely to produce a single desired result, instead of solving all the nation’s energy problems.
Phase Transitions in Isolated Vortex Chains
Creators: name: Dodgson, Matthew J. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In very anisotropic layered superconductors (e.g. Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_x$) a tilted magnetic field can penetrate as two co-existing lattices of vortices parallel and perpendicular to the layers. At low out-of-plane fields the perpendicular vortices form a set of isolated vortex chains, which have recently been observed in detail with scanning Hall-probe measurements. We present calculations that show a very delicate stability of this isolated-chain state. As the vortex density increases along the chain there is a first-order transition to a buckled chain, and then the chain will expel vortices in a continuous transition to a composite-chain state. At low densities there is an instability towards clustering, due to a long-range attraction between the vortices on the chain, and at very low densities it becomes energetically favorable to form a tilted chain, which may explain the sudden disappearance of vortices along the chains seen in recent experiments.
description: 9 pages, 10 figures
Evaluation of Elements Uptake in Soil and Different Plants
Creators: name: Várallyai, L.
name: Kovács, B.
name: Várallyai, L.
name: Kovács, B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Multidisciplinary science
subject: micro-elements
subject: pollution
subject: molybdenum
subject: food chain
subject: data-processing
subject: Hun

description: The applied informatics undergone a significant development at the end of XXth century, which is allowed analyzing of soil pollution by computer controlled system. On account of opening of the pollution we can process the experimental data fast and exactly so we can get such a large number of new information. The environmental pollutant affect of the molybdenum was studied by elements load experiment in Nagyhörcsök Experimental Station. The relation was analyzed between the uptake of molybdenum and other micro-elements and its effect on plant organs (loaf, seed) using by different statistical methods. The aim of our investigations to search for answers on how to arable crops respond to a possible soil contamination. It is also important to determine the extent of mobilized elements from the soil into the plants, which type of effect on them, and how leach the harmful substances into deeper layers (groundwater). A computer programme based on Visual C# was developed to process of the large amount of data. The MySQL was applied to prepare the database, since we want to allow access to the newly developed database via internet technology. The data was filled up to the data tables mainly from the Excel tables. Data in internet-based databases must be properly protected. The program can provide access for two types of users at present: the database administrator who is authorised to do everything in connection with the database, and the user who is authorised to make queries only.
A Replication Strategy for Mobile Opportunistic Networks based on Utility Clustering
Creators: name: Papapetrou, Evangelos
name: Likas, Aristidis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: C.2.2; I.5.3

description: Dynamic replication is a wide-spread multi-copy routing approach for efficiently coping with the intermittent connectivity in mobile opportunistic networks. According to it, a node forwards a message replica to an encountered node based on a utility value that captures the latter's fitness for delivering the message to the destination. The popularity of the approach stems from its flexibility to effectively operate in networks with diverse characteristics without requiring special customization. Nonetheless, its drawback is the tendency to produce a high number of replicas that consume limited resources such as energy and storage. To tackle the problem we make the observation that network nodes can be grouped, based on their utility values, into clusters that portray different delivery capabilities. We exploit this finding to transform the basic forwarding strategy, which is to move a packet using nodes of increasing utility, and actually forward it through clusters of increasing delivery capability. The new strategy works in synergy with the basic dynamic replication algorithms and is fully configurable, in the sense that it can be used with virtually any utility function. We also extend our approach to work with two utility functions at the same time, a feature that is especially efficient in mobile networks that exhibit social characteristics. By conducting experiments in a wide set of real-life networks, we empirically show that our method is robust in reducing the overall number of replicas in networks with diverse connectivity characteristics without at the same time hindering delivery efficiency.
description: 16 pages, 17 figures, 1 table. Ad Hoc Networks (2021)
Basic Outline of the Problem of the "Ageing Population of Farmers" in the Czech Republic
Creators: name: Zagata
name: Hádková
name: Mikovcová
name: Zagata
name: Hádková
name: Mikovcová
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Young farmers
subject: secondary analysis
subject: Eurostat
subject: social sustainability
subject: CAP reform

description: The problem of the ageing population of farmers is often mentioned in European discussion on the future sustainability of Agriculture and is addressed by several policy measures including those belonging to the new CAP reform. The goal of this paper is to conceptualise and empirically map the problem of ageing in the Czech Republic. Using secondary data analysis, the paper outlines the basic trends related to changes in the age structure of farmers, including the main parameters of the young and older farmers' holdings. Findings of the study suggest that the Czech Republic belongs among the group of countries which is not so much affected by the problem of ageing and that the differences between farms run by young and older farmers are not as large as in other European countries. Evaluation of the problem is partly distorted by the survey methods used by Eurostat.
Additional file 21: of Characterization of primary cilia during the differentiation of retinal ganglion cells in the zebrafish
Creators: name: Lepanto, Paola
name: Davison, Camila
name: Casanova, Gabriela
name: Badano, Jose
name: Zolessi, Flavio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Cell-autonomous effect of cilia reduction on RGC differentiation. (PDF 3922Â kb)
Laboratory demonstration of the wrapped staircase scalar vortex coronagraph
Creators: name: Desai, Niyati
name: Ruane, Garreth J.
name: Llop-Sayson, Jorge D.
name: Bertrou-Cantou, Arielle
name: Potier, Axel
name: Riggs, A. J. Eldorado
name: Serabyn, Eugene
name: Mawet, Dimitri P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Of the over 5000 exoplanets that have been detected, only about a dozen have ever been directly imaged. Earth-like exoplanets are on the order of 10 billion times fainter than their host star in visible and near-infrared, requiring a coronagraph instrument to block primary starlight and allow for the imaging of nearby orbiting planets. In the pursuit of direct imaging of exoplanets, scalar vortex coronagraphs (SVCs) are an attractive alternative to vector vortex coronagraphs (VVCs). VVCs have demonstrated 2e-9 raw contrast in broadband light but have several limitations due to their polarization properties. SVCs imprint the same phase ramp as VVCs on the incoming light and do not require polarization splitting, but they are inherently chromatic. Discretized phase ramp patterns such as a wrapped staircase help reduce SVC chromaticity and simulations show it outperforms a chromatic classical vortex in broadband light. We designed, fabricated, and tested a wrapped staircase SVC, and here we present the broadband characterization on the high contrast spectroscopy testbed. We also performed wavefront correction on the in-air coronagraph testbed at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and achieved an average raw contrasts of 3.2e-8 in monochromatic light and 2.2e-7 across a 10% bandwidth.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2212.02633
Quiver Theories and Hilbert Series of Classical Slodowy Intersections
Creators: name: Hanany, Amihay
name: Kalveks, Rudolph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We build on previous studies of the Higgs and Coulomb branches of SUSY quiver theories having 8 supercharges, including $3d~{\cal N}=4$, and Classical gauge groups. The vacuum moduli spaces of many such theories can be parameterised by pairs of nilpotent orbits of Classical Lie algebras; they are transverse to one orbit and intersect the closure of the second. We refer to these transverse spaces as Slodowy intersections. They embrace reduced single instanton moduli spaces, nilpotent orbits, Kraft-Procesi transitions and Slodowy slices, as well as other types. We show how quiver subtractions, between multi-flavoured unitary or ortho-symplectic quivers, can be used to find a complete set of Higgs branch constructions for the Slodowy intersections of any Classical group. We discuss the relationships between the Higgs and Coulomb branches of these quivers and $T_σ^ρ$ theories in the context of $3d$ mirror symmetry, including problematic aspects of Coulomb branch constructions from ortho-symplectic quivers. We review Coulomb and Higgs branch constructions for a subset of Slodowy intersections from multi-flavoured Dynkin diagram quivers. We tabulate Hilbert series and Highest Weight Generating functions for Slodowy intersections of Classical algebras up to rank 4. The results are confirmed by direct calculation of Hilbert series from a localisation formula for normal Slodowy intersections that is related to the Hall Littlewood polynomials.
description: 64 pages, 19 figures
Josephson effect in S$_{\rm F}$XS$_{\rm F}$ junctions
Creators: name: Chtchelkatchev, N. M.
name: Belzig, W.
name: Bruder, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the Josephson effect in S$_{\rm F}$XS$_{\rm F}$ junctions, where S$_{\rm F}$ is a superconducting material with a ferromagnetic exchange field, and X a weak link. The critical current $I_c$ increases with the (antiparallel) exchange fields if the distribution of transmission eigenvalues of the X-layer has its maximum weight at small values. This exchange field enhancement of the supercurrent does not exist if X is a diffusive normal metal. At low temperatures, there is a correspondence between the critical current in an S$_{\rm F}$IS$_{\rm F}$ junction with collinear orientations of the two exchange fields, and the AC supercurrent amplitude in an SIS tunnel junction. The difference of the exchange fields $h_1-h_2$ in an S$_{\rm F}$IS$_{\rm F}$ junction corresponds to the potential difference $V_1-V_2$ in an SIS junction; i.e., the singularity in $I_c$ [in an S$_{\rm F}$IS$_{\rm F}$ junction] at $|h_1-h_2|=Δ_1+Δ_2$ is the analogue of the Riedel peak. We also discuss the AC Josephson effect in S$_{\rm F}$IS$_{\rm F}$ junctions.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Effects of Climate Change on the Production and Profitability of Cassava in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria
Creators: name: Ajayi, J. O.
name: Ajayi, J. O.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Climate change
subject: cassava
subject: production
subject: profitability
subject: Niger Delta

description: Nigeria is the single largest producer of cassava in the world with the bulk of the cassava coming out from the Niger Delta region. Human, economic and agricultural activities are currently threatened in the region by vagaries in climatic factors. These vagaries affect the production and profitability of cassava. The study was therefore conducted to assess the effects of climate change on the production and profitability of cassava in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The study made use of a multi-stage sampling technique to select three hundred and sixty respondents across the three highest cassava-producing states (Awka Ibom, Cross Rivers and Ondo) in the region. Data for the study were collected with the aid of well-structured questionnaires assisted with interview schedules. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics and regression model. The determinants of cassava profitability were farm size, farmers’ experience in cassava cultivation, farmers’ experience in adopting climate change coping strategies, number of climate change coping strategies adopted, costs of input materials in Naira and labour cost in Naira.
"Marginal pinching" in soap films
Creators: name: Aradian, Achod
name: Raphael, Elie
name: de Gennes, Pierre-Gilles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the behaviour of a thin soap film facing a frame element: the pressure in the Plateau border around the frame is lower than the film pressure, and the film thins out over a certain distance lambda(t), due to the formation of a well-localized pinched region of thickness h(t) and extension w(t). We construct a hydrodynamic theory for this thinning process, assuming a constant surface tension: Marangoni effects are probably important only at late stages, where instabilitites set in. We find lambda(t) ~ t^{1/4}, and for the pinch dimensions h(t) ~ t^{-1/2}$ and w(t) ~ t^{-1/4}. These results may play a useful role for the discussion of later instabilitites leading to a global film thinning and drainage, as first discussed by K. Mysels under the name ``marginal regeneration''.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures
Solar Active Region Magnetogram Image Dataset for Studies of Space Weather
Creators: name: Boucheron, Laura E.
name: Vincent, Ty
name: Grajeda, Jeremy A.
name: Wuest, Ellery
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this dataset we provide a comprehensive collection of magnetograms (images quantifying the strength of the magnetic field) from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA's) Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). The dataset incorporates data from three sources and provides SDO Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) magnetograms of solar active regions (regions of large magnetic flux, generally the source of eruptive events) as well as labels of corresponding flaring activity. This dataset will be useful for image analysis or solar physics research related to magnetic structure, its evolution over time, and its relation to solar flares. The dataset will be of interest to those researchers investigating automated solar flare prediction methods, including supervised and unsupervised machine learning (classical and deep), binary and multi-class classification, and regression. This dataset is a minimally processed, user configurable dataset of consistently sized images of solar active regions that can serve as a benchmark dataset for solar flare prediction research.
Optical Alignment System for the PHENIX Muon Tracking Chambers
Creators: name: Murata, J.
name: Al-Jamel, A.
name: Armendariz, R. L.
name: Brooks, M. L.
name: Horaguchi, T.
name: Kamihara, N.
name: Kobayashi, H.
name: Lee, D. M.
name: Shibata, T. -A.
name: Sondheim, W. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A micron-precision optical alignment system (OASys) for the PHENIX muon tracking chambers is developed. To ensure the required mass resolution of vector meson detection, the relative alignment between three tracking station chambers must be monitored with a precision of 25$μ$m. The OASys is a straightness monitoring system comprised of a light source, lens and CCD camera, used for determining the initial placement as well as for monitoring the time dependent movement of the chambers on a micron scale.
description: Accepted for the publication in Nucl.Instr.Meth.A
Work done on a single-particle gas during an adiabatic compression/expansion process
Creators: name: Álvarez, Carlos E.
name: Afanador, Nicolás
name: Téllez, Gabriel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the average work done by an external agent, driving a piston at constant speed, over a single particle gas going through an adiabatic compression and expansion process. To do so, we get the analytical expression relating the number of collisions between the piston and the particle with the position of the piston during the process. The ergodicity breaking of the system during the process is identified as the source of its irreversibility. In addition, we observe that by using particular initial distributions for the state of the particle, it is possible to preclude the possibility of a net energy transfer from the agent to the particle during the process.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication at Physical Review E
Additional file 18: of Characterization of primary cilia during the differentiation of retinal ganglion cells in the zebrafish
Creators: name: Lepanto, Paola
name: Davison, Camila
name: Casanova, Gabriela
name: Badano, Jose
name: Zolessi, Flavio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Evaluation of different morpholino oligomers for elipsa and ift88 knock-down. (PDF 3369Â kb)
The Law of One Price of Central European Countries – Analysis of Feed Barley
Creators: name: Bubáková, P.
name: Bubáková, P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Law of One Price
subject: barley
subject: European countries
subject: Johansen test
subject: Vector Error Correction model
subject: price interdependence

description: The paper examines the validity of the Law of One Price (LOP) in the international market for feed barley among selected Central European markets, namely the Czech Republic, Germany, Austria, Slovakia, Poland and Hungary. Monthly prices over the period June 1995 to December 2012 are used. Each country pair is tested for cointegration, and the hypothesis of LOP is tested in the Vector Error Correction model. The results show that the LOP holds for the majority of markets. Cointegration was confirmed among all pairs of countries except for pairs with Slovakia. For cointegrated country pairs, the LOP holds for 8 out of 10 pairs at a 5 % level of significance. Germany has a dominant position within the investigated international trade and determines the prices of other countries. Austria is the second most dominant market. Countries of the original Visegrad group, namely the Czech Republic, Poland and Hungary, are characterized by simultaneous price relationships.
Comparison of Technology and Technical Efficiency in Cereal Production among EU Countries
Creators: name: Cechura, L.
name: Hockmann, H.
name: Malý, M.
name: Žáková Kroupová, Z.
name: Cechura, L.
name: Hockmann, H.
name: Malý, M.
name: Žáková Kroupová, Z.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Cereal production
subject: multiple output distance function
subject: technical efficiency
subject: technology
subject: metafrontier analysis
subject: SFA

description: The paper presents the analysis of cereal production in the EU. The analysis provides the comparison of production technologies and technical efficiency among EU countries using the country specific multiple output distance function models in the first step and metafrontier approach in the second step to determine the level and development of technical efficiency. The results show the high technical efficiency of cereal producers in the analyzed countries. On average, the differences in technical efficiency among the analyzed countries are not pronounced; however, the technologies used as well as the determinants of technical efficiency differ significantly.
Objective Bayesian Analysis of a Cokriging Model for Hierarchical Multifidelity Codes
Creators: name: Ma, Pulong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Autoregressive cokriging models have been widely used to emulate multiple computer models with different levels of fidelity. The dependence structures are modeled via Gaussian processes at each level of fidelity, where covariance structures are often parameterized up to a few parameters. The predictive distributions typically require intensive Monte Carlo approximations in previous works. This article derives new closed-form formulas to compute the means and variances of predictive distributions in autoregressive cokriging models that only depend on correlation parameters. For parameter estimation, we consider objective Bayesian analysis of such autoregressive cokriging models. We show that common choices of prior distributions, such as the constant prior and inverse correlation prior, typically lead to improper posteriors. We also develop several objective priors such as the independent reference prior and the independent Jeffreys prior that are shown to yield proper posterior distributions. This development is illustrated with a borehole function in an eight-dimensional input space and applied to an engineering application in a six-dimensional input space.
description: 26 pages, published
Beyond Human Right vs. Commodity: Time to Realistically Assess Water Scarcity
Creators: name: Damkjaer, Simon
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2014

description: The water resources community remains stuck in a futile debate of whether water constitutes a human right or a commodity, which is resolved through the content of General Comment 15: water constitutes a human right, which puts conditions on economic approaches to water and its commodification. Instead, it is time to address the issue of globally adopted misrepresentative water scarcity metrics that misleadingly show increasing conditions of scarcity, which risks biasing the argument towards the commodification of water. Redefining these metrics to portray hydrologic realities, will more precisely inform the formulation of water policies and help advance solutions to global water problems.
Energy Subsidies and the Flawed Dominance of Economics in the UK Energy Sector
Creators: name: Heffron, Raphael J.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2013

description: New economic thinking is needed in the UK energy sector. The mainstream economic approach to the electricity sector needs to be radically altered, and two new approaches are discussed in this article. The first focuses on restructuring the electricity market, and the second on achieving parity for low carbon energy sources in terms of subsidies received in comparison to the oil and gas sector.
Additional file 19: of Characterization of primary cilia during the differentiation of retinal ganglion cells in the zebrafish
Creators: name: Lepanto, Paola
name: Davison, Camila
name: Casanova, Gabriela
name: Badano, Jose
name: Zolessi, Flavio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Effective reduction of primary cilia length in zebrafish embryos upon elipsa and ift88 knock-down. (PDF 4352Â kb)
Automatically Tracing Imprecision Causes in JavaScript Static Analysis
Creators: name: Lee, Hongki
name: Park, Changhee
name: Ryu, Sukyoung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Researchers have developed various techniques for static analysis of JavaScript to improve analysis precision. To develop such techniques, they first identify causes of the precision losses for unproven properties. While most of the existing work has diagnosed main causes of imprecision in static analysis by manual investigation, manually tracing the imprecision causes is challenging because it requires detailed knowledge of analyzer internals. Recently, several studies proposed to localize the analysis imprecision causes automatically, but these localization techniques work for only specific analysis techniques. In this paper, we present an automatic technique that can trace analysis imprecision causes of JavaScript applications starting from user-selected variables. Given a set of program variables, our technique stops an analysis when any of the variables gets imprecise analysis values. It then traces the imprecise analysis values using intermediate analysis results back to program points where the imprecision first started. Our technique shows the trace information with a new representation called tracing graphs, whose nodes and edges together represent traces from imprecise points to precise points. In order to detect major causes of analysis imprecision automatically, we present four node/edge patterns in tracing graphs for common imprecision causes. We formalized the technique of generating tracing graphs and identifying patterns, and implemented them on SAFE, a state-of-the-art JavaScript static analyzer with various analysis configurations, such as context-sensitivity, loop-sensitivity, and heap cloning. Our evaluation demonstrates that the technique can easily find 96 % of the major causes of the imprecision problems in 17 applications by only automatic detection in tracing graphs using the patterns, and selectively adopting various advanced techniques can eliminate the found causes of imprecision.
Why the dominance of economics will survive the crash, for now
Creators: name: Goodwin, Mark
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2013

description: The global financial crisis has resulted in much soul-searching for economists. The discipline has been challenged to revisit its most fundamental principles and practices in the light of the crash. As a result, increasing pressure is being put on economics to modify its teaching curricula and research priorities. Yet in the field of policy advice, it is less clear that the dominance of pre-crash economics is being reconsidered. Developments in rival disciplines in the behavioural and neurological sciences may present a greater threat to the continued dominance of economics than any inherent failings.
Benefits of Using Traffic Volumes Described on Examples in the Open Transport Net Project Pilot Regions
Creators: name: Jedlička, K.
name: Mildorf, T.
name: Charvát, K.
name: Kozhukh, D
name: Charvát Jr., K.
name: Martolos, J.
name: Šťastný, J.
name: Jedlička, K.
name: Mildorf, T.
name: Charvát, K.
name: Kozhukh, D
name: Charvát Jr., K.
name: Martolos, J.
name: Šťastný, J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Transport
subject: open data
subject: spatial data
subject: pilot regions
subject: applications
subject: traffic volumes

description: The paper describes the goals of the Open Transport Net project in the pilot regions for regional development and the motivation to use traffic volumes in order to reach the project objectives. In the introduction, a short overview of the Open Transport Net project is provided. It is followed by descriptions of the identified problems in the pilot regions and incentives to use traffic volumes for achieving good quality results. The basics of traffic volumes as well as their visualisation are further described and demonstrated including several examples.
Mobile Applications for Agricultural Online Portals – Cross-platform or Native Development
Creators: name: Masner, J.
name: Šimek, P.
name: Jarolímek, J.
name: Hrbek, I.
name: Masner, J.
name: Šimek, P.
name: Jarolímek, J.
name: Hrbek, I.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Mobile devices
subject: applications
subject: Android
subject: iOS
subject: Windows Phone
subject: Xamarin
subject: expense

description: There exist several possible approaches to the development of mobile applications. The paper treats the options of native applications for mobile devices. It analyzes economic aspects of two approaches - native applications development with the help of tools for individual platforms (Windows Phone, Android, iOS) and native applications developed by cross-platform tools represented by the tool Xamarin. In the paper basic variables and a formula for costs calculation are defined. The conclusions show that the utilization of the cross-platform tool Xamarin can lead to significant costs reduction. However, further research is needed mainly in the area of both the complexity development by cross-platform tools and meeting the requirements on UI and UX.
Weighing the Benefits and the Risks: Better Defining Regulation of New Technologies
Creators: name: Mastroeni, Michele
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2014

description: Regulation of science and technology is an important factor in how our technological landscape develops, and whether a technology makes it to the end-users. While ideally regulation will be based on broadly accepted values and trusted scientific assessment, the reality is much more complicated. Just as different technologies spur intense debate in society, so too do regulatory systems and how they are constructed. Given the varying (often conflicting) interests in society, a regulatory system should be built on the values of transparency, and rigorous and equitable standards of evidence for all parties assessing a technology’s risks and benefits.
Community Co-design of a Geospatial Linked Open Data Platform for Environmental Management
Creators: name: O’Flaherty, J.
name: O’Flaherty, J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Geospatial Information
subject: Linked Open Data
subject: Environmental Management
subject: SDI4Apps
subject: Social Validation
subject: Community Co-design
subject: European Project

description: SDI4Apps is an EU project that is building a cloud-based Geospatial Linked Open Data platform for data integration, to bridge from the top-down managed world of Geospatial Information to the bottom-up user-driven mobile world of Linked Open Data voluntary initiatives and micro SMEs developing applications using the information. To ensure its success, SDI4Apps has ensured the active participation of user communities in its co-design and validation through the implementation of 6 varied pilots involved in environmental management across Europe. Successful implementation of the SDI4Apps user communities’ participation and their social validation is described in this paper. The social validation methodology has included development of specific criteria for measuring the platform‘s success, methods for multi-stakeholder social participation, analysis for internal and external communities and a clear set of indicators, which are now being measured during the validation process based on structured pilot scenarios. This robust stakeholders’ involvement methodology, which is central to SDI4Apps, is not only generating sustainable economic returns through the interface between the users, SMEs, policy makers and scientific communities, but guarantees a solid contribution to the knowledge-driven economy and environmental management across Europe.
Simple model for 1/f noise
Creators: name: Davidsen, J.
name: Schuster, H. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a simple stochastic mechanism which generates pulse trains exhibiting a power law distribution of the pulse intervals and a $1/f^α$ power spectrum over several decades at low frequencies with $α$ close to one. The essential ingredient of our model is a fluctuating threshold which performs a Brownian motion. Whenever an increasing potential $V(t)$ hits the threshold, $V(t)$ is reset to the origin and a pulse is emitted. We show that if $V(t)$ increases linearly in time, the pulse intervals can be approximated by a random walk with multiplicative noise. Our model agrees with recent experiments in neurobiology and explains the high interpulse interval variability and the occurrence of $1/f^α$ noise observed in cortical neurons and earthquake data.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Pathways for Academic Impact: Biased Towards Commercialisation?
Creators: name: Guilliams, Tim
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2014

description: Given the current economic climate it is important to maximise academic impact on society. Measures of academic impact have been dominated by the commercialisation of academic discoveries, thereby failing to capture the complete spectrum of academic activities that lead to societal impact. In fact, universities do not appear to act as a significant source of intellectual property and technology for private companies. It is therefore questionable to use commercialisation of academic discoveries as the main metric to measure impact. Thisarticle highlights the importance of a broader view when assessing knowledge exchange between universities and other sectors and the measurement of academic impact on society, hoping to move beyond commercialisation.
Financial Comparisons Across Different Business Models in the Canadian Airline Industry
Creators: name: Flouris, Triant
name: Walker, Thomas
name: Flouris, Triant
name: Walker, Thomas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: This paper examines the stock and accounting performance of two airlines in Canada, WestJet and Air Canada, over the past four years, taking into account the aftermath of the September 11, 2001, attacks. September 11 (9-11) resulted in dramatic changes in the airline industry and had significant implications on the economic gains of most airlines. Our study focuses on the viability of low-cost (LCC) versus conventional-cost (legacy) business models in Canada under the current business environment. We chose WestJet as a typical low-cost airline and compare its accounting and stock performance to Air Canada, a legacy carrier and rival in several business sectors. We found that WestJet’s performance was highly superior to that of Air Canada. As a result of our findings, we argue that WestJet’s business model provides the firm with significantly more financial and operational flexibility than the one exhibited by its legacy rival, Air Canada. WestJet’s lower operating costs, high consumer trust, product offering, corporate structure, workforce and work practices, as well as operational procedures are all factors that appear to contribute to its relative success.
Water as a Strategic Tool in Central Asia
Creators: name: Smith, Hannah
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2014

description: Limited water resources, weak states and ethnic tensions across Central Asia lead many analysts to believe that the region will bear witness to the world’s first war over water. Through drawing on fieldwork, this study takes the example of the geographically isolated village of Barak (a Kyrgyz exclave) to demonstrate how water resources are manipulated strategically at a local level. This has profound consequences for communities and presents clear violations of basic human rights. The internationally community must act at a micro level to ensure that water does not become another tool of war.
Theory of spin injection
Creators: name: Rashba, Emmanuel I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Diffusive theory of spin injection is reviewed and a number of new results is presented for the dc and ac regimes. They were derived by means of the "gamma-technique" allowing to simplify the calculations by choosing the spin injection coefficients through different interfaces as the basic variables. The prospects for increasing spin injection by using resistive spin-selective contacts are emphasized and spin non-conserving contacts are introduced. Finding the basic parameters of a junction from the ac data is discussed.
description: 4 pages, 2 column REVTeX, to be published in Proceedings of Intern. Symposium on Mesoscopic Superconductivity and Spintronics (Atsugi, March 2002)
Additional file 16: of Characterization of primary cilia during the differentiation of retinal ganglion cells in the zebrafish
Creators: name: Lepanto, Paola
name: Davison, Camila
name: Casanova, Gabriela
name: Badano, Jose
name: Zolessi, Flavio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Upon completion of apical retraction, primary cilia may transiently disappear or lose their apical localization. (PDF 6861Â kb)
Memory-assisted long-distance phase-matching quantum key distribution
Creators: name: Schmidt, Frank
name: van Loock, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a scheme that generalizes the loss scaling properties of twin-field or phase-matching quantum key distribution (QKD) related to a channel of transmission $η_{total}$ from $\sqrt{η_{total}}$ to $\sqrt[2n]{η_{total}}$ by employing n-1 memory stations with spin qubits and n beam-splitter stations including optical detectors. Our scheme's resource states are similar to the coherent-state-based light-matter entangled states of a previous hybrid quantum repeater, but unlike the latter our scheme avoids the necessity of employing 2n-1 memory stations and writing the transmitted optical states into the matter memory qubits. The full scaling advantage of this memory-assisted phase-matching QKD (MA-PM QKD) is obtainable with threshold detectors in a scenario with only channel loss. We mainly focus on the obtainable secret-key rates per channel use for up to n=4 including memory dephasing and for n=2 (i.e., $\sqrt[4]{η_{total}}$-MA-PM QKD assisted by a single memory station) for error models including dark counts, memory dephasing and depolarization, and phase mismatch. By combining the twin-field concept of interfering phase-sensitive optical states with that of storing quantum states up to a cutoff memory time, distances well beyond 700 km with rates well above $η_{total}$ can be reached for realistic, high-quality quantum memories (up to 1s coherence time) and modest detector efficiencies. Similarly, the standard single-node quantum repeater, scaling as $\sqrt{η_{total}}$, can be beaten when approaching perfect detectors and exceeding spin coherence times of 5s; beating ideal twin-field QKD requires 1s. As for further experimental simplifications, our treatment includes the notion of weak nonlinearities for the light-matter states, a discussion on the possibility of using homodyne detectors, and a comparison between sequential and parallel entanglement distributions.
description: 11+13 pages, 13 figures; published version; added a subsection about rates per second and another one with a comparison of our scheme with an original hybrid quantum repeater
Forecasting Cycles in the Transportation Sector
Creators: name: Yao, Vincent W.
name: Solboda, Brian
name: Yao, Vincent W.
name: Solboda, Brian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: The purpose of this paper is to develop a method for predicting fluctuations in the transportation sector using leading indicators. From twenty-five initial candidates, we select seven leading indicators using various screening techniques and modern time series models. A composite leading index is constructed and found to perform well in predicting their reference cycles. The leading index signals downturns in the transportation sector by 9 months and upturns by 6 months, on average. The former predicted the latest recession in transportation 20 months ahead. We also confirm the predictive contents of the CLI in relation to transportation growth cycles. These evaluation criteria ensure accurate forecasts of the general state of the transportation sector in a timely fashion.
Not-so-magic Bullets: Searching for Better Policies to Govern Drug Discovery
Creators: name: Gürel, Alexandra
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2016

description: In his upcoming book, Strange Pill: Evidence, Values, and Medical Nihilism, philosopher of Jacob Stegenga charts a history of the term “magic bullet”: a drug that is both specific and effective, curing the patient without side effects. Stegenga argues that the early 20th century was a “golden age” for magic bullets, with the discovery of drugs like penicillin and insulin, and that late 20th/early 21st century medicine has not been able to deliver drugs that are nearly as effective. I propose, by interviewing Stegenga, to outline why recently discovered drugs tend to have tiny effect sizes and bad side effects (and therefore a poor cost/benefit ratio.) I will then outline proposals for how the modern medical research agenda can be restructured so that its products more closely resemble “magic bullets,” an outcome that would save the NHS money and improve the patient experience.