cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
An artificial intelligence framework for investigative reasoning
Creators: name: Ramezani, Ramin
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: Problem solving is one of the major paradigms in Artificial Intelligence research in which an intelligent task to automate is interpreted as a series of problems to be solved. Various problem solving techniques have been spawned in the field of AI, mostly by concentrating on a certain reasoning approach to tackle a particular class of problems. For instance, theorem proving, constraint solving and machine learning provide powerful techniques for solving AI problems. In all these approaches, background knowledge needs to be provided, from which the system will infer new knowledge. Often, however, in real world scenarios, there may not be enough background information for any single solver to solve the problem. In these situations, some researches have demonstrated the benefits of using combined reasoning, i.e., a reasoning process which employs various, often disparate, problem solving techniques in concert, in order to solve a given task. The systems that engage such reasoning processes are called combined reasoning systems. Their power draws upon disparate techniques they employ. As such, combined reasoning systems are supposed to be more capable than their constituents. In this thesis we mainly focus on using a combined reasoning approach in solving a type of problems that cannot be solved by any of the aforementioned standalone systems. We refer to this type as investigation problem which models to some extent a generic situation which might arise in, say, medical diagnosis or the solving of a crime. That is, there are a number of possible diagnoses/suspects (candidates), and the problem is to use the facts of the case to rank them in terms of their likelihood of being the cause of the illness/guilty of the crime. Such ranking often leads to further medical tests/police enquiries focusing on the most likely candidates, which will bring to light further information about the current case. We use the term dynamic investigation problems to describe a series of such problems to be solved. Solving each problem entails using the facts of the case, coupled with prior knowledge about the domain to narrow down the candidates to just one. However, when there is no upright solution due to lack of some essential information, additional relevant information can often be found in related past cases thereby irregularities can be observed and utilized. Hence, dynamic investigation problems are hybrid machine-learning/constraint solving problems, and as such are more realistic and of interest to the wider AI community. In this thesis we focus on formal definition, exploration, generation and solution of “Dynamic Investigation Problems”, and we develop a framework which performs “Investigative Reasoning”, that is a framework in which a combination of reasoning techniques are incorporated in order to tackle dynamic investigation problems.
COMSLT
Creators: name: ARLHAC DENISE
Publisher: name: Sismer
Year: 1994

description: Mise en place a l'observatoire de Marseille d'une politique d'observation du milieu marin cotier de la region de Marseille et embouchure du Rhone. Etude de la variabilite saisonniere et annuelle de la production biologique des eaux. Le projet de rattachement est SLT (Suivi a Long Terme).
Constructive interconnection and damping assignment passivity-based control with applications
Creators: name: Nunna, Kameswarie
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: Energy-based modeling and control of dynamical systems is crucial since energy is a fundamental concept in Science and Engineering theory and practice. While Interconnection and Damping Assignment Passivity-based Control (IDA-PBC) is a powerful theoretical tool to control port-controlled Hamiltonian (PCH) systems that arise from energy balancing principles, sensorless operation of energy harvesters is a promising practical solution for low-power energy generation. The thesis addresses these two problems of energy-based control and efficient energy generation. The design via IDA-PBC hinges on the solution of the so-called matching equation which is the stumbling block in making this method widely applicable. In the first part of the thesis, a constructive approach for IDA-PBC for PCH systems that circumvents the solution of the matching equation is presented. A new notion of solution for the matching equation, called algebraic solution, is introduced. This notion is instrumental for the construction of an energy function defined on an extended state-space. This yields, differently from the classical solution, a dynamic state-feedback that stabilizes a desired equilibrium point. In addition, conditions that preserve the PCH structure in the extended closed-loop system have been provided. The theory is validated on four examples: a two-dimensional nonlinear system, a magnetic levitated ball, an electrostatic microactuator and a third order food-chain system. For these systems damping structures that cannot be imposed with the standard approach are assigned. In the second part of the thesis, the design of a nonlinear observer and of an energy-based controller for sensorless operation of a rotational energy harvester is presented. A mathematical model of the harvester with its power electronic interface is developed. This model is used to design an observer that estimates the mechanical quantities from the measured electrical quantities. The gains of the observer depend on the solution of a modified Riccati equation. The estimated mechanical quantities are used in a feedback control law that sustains energy generation across a range of source rotation speeds. The proposed observer-controller scheme is assessed through simulations and experiments.
Additional file 1 of Optimizing acquisition times for total-body positron emission tomography/computed tomography with half-dose 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose in oncology patients
Creators: name: He, Yibo
name: Gu, Yushen
name: Yu, Haojun
name: Wu, Bing
name: Wang, Siyang
name: Tan, Hui
name: Cao, Yanyan
name: Chen, Shuguang
name: Sui, Xiuli
name: Zhang, Yiqiu
name: Shi, Hongcheng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Space Science
Medicine
Cell Biology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Scoring for subjective PET image quality by the Likert scale
Nucleon mean free path in nuclear matter based on nuclear Schwinger-Dyson formalism
Creators: name: Mitsumori, Tomohiro
name: Noda, Nobuo
name: Koide, Kazuharu
name: Kouno, Hiroaki
name: Hasegawa, Akira
name: Nakano, Masahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A mean free path of nucleon moving through nuclear matter with kinetic energy of more than 100MeV is formulated based on the bare vertex nuclear Schwinger-Dyson (BNSD) method in the Walecka model. The self-energy which is derived from the higher order diagrams more than the forth order includes the Feynman part of propagator of energetic nucleon and grows up rapidly as an increase of kinetic energy. To avoid too large growth of these diagrams, meson propagators are modified by introducing some form factors to take account of a internal structure of hadron. It is confirmed that the mean free path calculated by the BNSD method agrees good with experimental data if a reasonable form factor is chosen, i.e., a dipole (quadrupole) type of form factor with a cut-off parameter about 750 MeV $\sim$ 1000 MeV (1200 MeV $\sim$ 1500 MeV).
Pairing mechanism for nodal $s$-wave superconductivity in BaFe$_2$(As,P)$_2$: Analysis beyond Migdal-Eliashberg formalism
Creators: name: Nakaoka, Hironori
name: Yamakawa, Youichi
name: Kontani, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The pairing mechanism and gap structure in Ba122 pnictides have been hotly discussed for long time as one of the central issues in Fe-based superconductors. Here, we attack this problem by taking account of the vertex corrections (VCs) for the Coulomb interaction $U$ ($U$-VCs), which are totally dropped in conventional Migdal-Eliashberg formalism. The $U$-VC in the charge susceptibility induces strong orbital fluctuations, and the $U$-VC also enlarges the orbital-fluctuation-mediated attractive interaction. By analyzing the effective multiorbital Hubbard model for Ba122 pnictides, we find that the orbital fluctuations develop in all four $d$-orbitals ($t_{2g}$- and $z^2$-orbitals), by which the FSs are composed. For this reason, nearly isotropic gap function appears on all the hole-type FSs, including the outer hole-FS around Z-point composed of $z^2$-orbital. In contrast, nodal gap structure appears on the electron-type FSs for wide parameter range. The obtained nodal $s$-wave state changes to fully-gapped $s$-wave state without sign-reversal ($s_{++}$-wave state) by introducing small amount of impurities, accompanied by small reduction in $T_c$. The present microscopic theory naturally explains the important characteristics of the gap structure of both hole- and electron-FSs in Ba122 pnictides, without introducing any phenomenological pairing interaction.
description: 12 pages, 13 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev. B
An Ensemble of Transfer, Semi-supervised and Supervised Learning Methods for Pathological Heart Sound Classification
Creators: name: Humayun, Ahmed Imtiaz
name: Khan, Md. Tauhiduzzaman
name: Ghaffarzadegan, Shabnam
name: Feng, Zhe
name: Hasan, Taufiq
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this work, we propose an ensemble of classifiers to distinguish between various degrees of abnormalities of the heart using Phonocardiogram (PCG) signals acquired using digital stethoscopes in a clinical setting, for the INTERSPEECH 2018 Computational Paralinguistics (ComParE) Heart Beats SubChallenge. Our primary classification framework constitutes a convolutional neural network with 1D-CNN time-convolution (tConv) layers, which uses features transferred from a model trained on the 2016 Physionet Heart Sound Database. We also employ a Representation Learning (RL) approach to generate features in an unsupervised manner using Deep Recurrent Autoencoders and use Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) classifiers. Finally, we utilize an SVM classifier on a high-dimensional segment-level feature extracted using various functionals on short-term acoustic features, i.e., Low-Level Descriptors (LLD). An ensemble of the three different approaches provides a relative improvement of 11.13% compared to our best single sub-system in terms of the Unweighted Average Recall (UAR) performance metric on the evaluation dataset.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, Interspeech 2018 accepted manuscript
The cellular and molecular basis of transmission of influenza viruses
Creators: name: Blumenkrantz, Deena
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: Pandemic influenza viruses are responsible for many deaths and much suffering as well as large costs accumulated through healthcare provision and lost productivity. The swine-origin H1N1 influenza virus that was at the root of the pandemic in 2009, although considered mild, in the UK alone caused the deaths of 361 people, subjected 1,700 to critical care and led to hospital admission of 7,879, before summer 2010. This virus is now embedded in the human population and will remain there, inducing further mortality, morbidity, and cost until it is replaced by a new pandemic influenza virus and the cycle repeats. However, if we improve our understanding of the characteristics of virus/host interactions that support transmission, we may be able to identify potentially problematic strains, improve our preparedness and ultimately prevent future pandemics. The ability of an influenza virus to transmit from host to host is multifactorial. One role proven to be important because its inhibition by drugs prevents replication is the ability of neuraminidase (NA) to cleave sialic acid (SA). NAs of recently circulating influenza viruses were analysed with the aim of identifying characteristics that might support new or previous pandemic influenza virus strains. NA stalk truncation, induced by influenza virus transmission through gallinaceous poultry, was found to hinder transmission through the air of an otherwise transmissible virus. While this genetic ablation did not directly affect sialidase activity, when measured using a small soluble substrate, it did reduce the ability of virions to release complex tethered substrates, separate from one another and penetrate through mucus. This work suggests that the next pandemic virus is unlikely to have a short stalk NA. Previously, loss of the ability of NA to haemabsorb (Hb) chicken red blood cells (CRBSs) was associated with the adaptation of an influenza virus from avian to human hosts and a single amino acid mutation was shown to reinstate the haemabsorption ability of an NA from a prototypic pandemic H2N2 virus of avian-origin. This thesis shows that the human-adapted 2009 pandemic N1 NA, which arose from the introduction of an avian influenza virus into swine, did not Hb CRBCs, as expected. However, unexpectedly, many back mutations to make the 2009 N1 resemble an NA that did Hb also did not alter this characteristic. Further investigations showed that some NAs from both avian and swine influenza viruses also did not Hb, despite the fact that NA haemabsorption increased viral growth in airway culture cells. Thus we conclude that loss of Hb occurs within birds, before a virus can cross the species barrier into mammals and this may be due to a reduction, rather than a gain, in activity.
Additional file 2 of Optimizing acquisition times for total-body positron emission tomography/computed tomography with half-dose 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose in oncology patients
Creators: name: He, Yibo
name: Gu, Yushen
name: Yu, Haojun
name: Wu, Bing
name: Wang, Siyang
name: Tan, Hui
name: Cao, Yanyan
name: Chen, Shuguang
name: Sui, Xiuli
name: Zhang, Yiqiu
name: Shi, Hongcheng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Space Science
Medicine
Cell Biology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2: Table S2. Detailed SUVs and TBRs of different primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes in the exploration cohort (n = 56)
Supplementary methods and figures from mRNAs biotinylated within the 5′-cap and protected against decapping: new tools to capture RNA–protein complexes
Creators: name: Bednarek, Sylwia
name: Madan, Vanesa
name: Sikorski, Pawel J.
name: Bartenschlager, Ralf
name: Kowalska, Joanna
name: Jemielity, Jacek
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biophysics
Biochemistry

description: The 5′-terminus of eukaryotic mRNAs comprises a 7-methylguanosine cap linked to the first transcribed nucleotide via a 5′-5′ triphosphate bond. This cap structure facilitates numerous interactions with molecules participating in mRNA processing, turnover and RNA translation. Here, we report the synthesis and biochemical properties of a set of biotin-labelled cap analogues modified within the triphosphate bridge and increasing mRNA stability while retaining biological activity. Successful co-transcriptional incorporation of the cap analogues allowed for the quantification of cap-dependent translation efficiency, capping efficiency and the susceptibility to decapping by Dcp2. The utility of such cap-biotinylated RNAs as molecular tool was demonstrated by ultraviolet-cross-linking and affinity capture of protein–RNA complexes. In conclusion, RNAs labelled with biotin via the 5′ cap structure can be applied to a variety of biological experiments based on biotin–avidin interaction or by means of biotin-specific antibodies, including protein affinity purification, pull-down assays, in vivo visualization, cellular delivery and many others.This article is part of the theme issue ‘5′ and 3′ modifications controlling RNA degradation’.
The Three Dimensional Structure of EUV Accretion Regions in AM Herculis Stars: Modeling of EUV Photometric and Spectroscopic Observations
Creators: name: Sirk, Martin M.
name: Howell, Steve B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have developed a model of the high-energy accretion region for magnetic cataclysmic variables and applied it to {\it Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer} observations of 10 AM Herculis type systems. The major features of the EUV light curves are well described by the model. The light curves exhibit a large variety of features such as eclipses of the accretion region by the secondary star and the accretion stream, and dips caused by material very close to the accretion region. While all the observed features of the light curves are highly dependent on viewing geometry, none of the light curves are consistent with a flat, circular accretion spot whose lightcurve would vary solely from projection effects. The accretion region immediately above the WD surface is a source of EUV radiation caused by either a vertical extent to the accretion spot, or Compton scattering off electrons in the accretion column, or, very likely, both. Our model yields spot sizes averaging 0.06 R$_{WD}$, or $f \sim 1 \times 10^{-3}$ the WD surface area, and average spot heights of 0.023 R$_{WD}$. Spectra extracted during broad dip phases are softer than spectra during the out-of-dip phases. This spectral ratio measurement leads to the conclusion that Compton scattering, some absorption by a warm absorber, geometric effects, an asymmetric temperature structure in the accretion region and an asymmetric density structure of the accretion columnare all important components needed to fully explain the data. Spectra extracted at phases where the accretion spot is hidden behind the limb of the WD, but with the accretion column immediately above the spot still visible, show no evidence of emission features characteristic of a hot plasma.
description: 30 Pages, 11 Figures
Semi-classical BMS$_3$ blocks and flat holography
Creators: name: Hijano, Eliot
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the construction of BMS$_3$ blocks in a two-dimensional field theory and compare the results with holographic computations involving probe particles propagating in flat space cosmologies. On the field theory side, we generalize the monodromy method used in the context of AdS/CFT to theories with BMS symmetry. On the bulk side we consider geodesic Feynman diagrams, recently introduced in [arXiv:1712.07131], evaluated in locally flat geometries generated by backreaction of heavy BMS primary operators. We comment on the implications of these results for the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis in flat holography.
description: 46 pages, 3 figures
Systems of nonlinear PDEs arising in multilayer channel flows
Creators: name: Papaefthymiou, Evangelos
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: This thesis presents analysis and computations of systems of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) modelling the dynamics of three stratified immiscible viscous layers flowing inside a channel with parallel walls inclined to the horizontal. The three layers are separated by two fluid-fluid interfaces that are free to evolve spatiotemporally and nonlinearly when the flow becomes unstable. The determination of the flow involves solution of the Navier-Stokes in domains that are changing due to the evolution of the interfaces whose position must be determined as part of the solution, providing a hard nonlinear moving boundary problem. Long-wave approximation and a weakly nonlinear analysis of the Navier-stokes equations along with the associated boundary conditions, leads to reduced systems of nonlinear PDEs that in general form are systems of coupled Kuramoto- Sivashinsky equations. These physically derived coupled systems are mathematically rich due to the rather generic presence of coupled nonlinearities that undergo hyperbolic-elliptic transitions, along with high order dissipation. Analysis and numerical computations of the resulting coupled PDEs is presented in order to understand the stability of multilayer channel flows and explore and quantify the different types of underlying nonlinear phenomena that are crucial in applications. Importantly, it is found that multilayer flows can be unstable even at zero Reynolds numbers, in contrast to single interface problems. Furthermore, the thesis investigates the dynamical behaviour of the zero viscosity limits of the derived systems in order to verify their physical relevance as reduced models. Strong evidence of the existence of the zero viscosity limit is provided for mixed hyperbolic-elliptic type systems whose global existence is an open and challenging mathematical problem. Finally, a novel sufficient condition is derived for the occurrence of hyperbolic-elliptic transitions in general conservation laws of mixed type; the condition is demonstrated for several physical systems that have been studied in the literature.
Heat transport in pristine and polycrystalline single-layer hexagonal boron nitride
Creators: name: Dong, Haikuan
name: Hirvonen, Petri
name: Fan, Zheyong
name: Ala-Nissila, Tapio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a phase field crystal model to generate large-scale bicrystalline and polycrystalline single-layer hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) samples and employ molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with the Tersoff many-body potential to study their heat transport properties. The Kapitza thermal resistance across individual h-BN grain boundaries is calculated using the inhomogeneous nonequilibrium MD method. The resistance displays strong dependence on the tilt angle, the line tension and the defect density of the grain boundaries. We also calculate the thermal conductivity of pristine h-BN and polycrystalline h-BN with different grain sizes using an efficient homogeneous nonequilibrium MD method. The in-plane and the out-of-plane (flexural) phonons exhibit different grain size scalings of the thermal conductivity in polycrystalline h-BN and the extracted Kapitza conductance is close to that of large-tilt-angle grain boundaries in bicrystals.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables, bicrystalline and polycrystalline samples available
COSTEAU
Creators: name: TRONCZYNSKI Jacek
Publisher: name: Sismer
Year: 2009

description: L'objectif du programme de rattachement (ANR COSTAS) est d'étudier dans le Golfe du Lion les transferts de contaminants chimiques de la colonne d'eau jusqu'aux petits pélagiques, en passant par les différents niveaux trophiques, et de les modéliser.
Black hole scalar charge from a topological horizon integral in Einstein-dilaton-Gauss-Bonnet gravity
Creators: name: Prabhu, Kartik
name: Stein, Leo C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In theories of gravity that include a scalar field, a compact object's scalar charge is a crucial quantity since it controls dipole radiation, which can be strongly constrained by pulsar timing and gravitational wave observations. However in most such theories, computing the scalar charge requires simultaneously solving the coupled, nonlinear metric and scalar field equations of motion. In this article we prove that in linearly-coupled Einstein-dilaton-Gauss-Bonnet gravity, a black hole's scalar charge is completely determined by the horizon surface gravity times the Euler characteristic of the bifurcation surface, without solving any equations of motion. Within this theory, black holes announce their horizon topology and surface gravity to the rest of the universe through the dilaton field. In our proof, a 4-dimensional topological density descends to a 2-dimensional topological density on the bifurcation surface of a Killing horizon. We also comment on how our proof can be generalized to other topological densities on general G-bundles, and to theories where the dilaton is non-linearly coupled to the Euler density.
description: v3: minor updates to references, published in PRD Rapid Comms. v2: more direct proof of Thm. 1, added comments on non-linear coupling in Sec.3, deleted Appendix B, updated references, version accepted in PRD Rapid Comms. v1: 5 pages + 2 pages appendices, 1 figure
Volvox rufina Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chlorophyta
Vermes
Zoophyta
Volvocaceae
Volvox
Volvox rufina

description: Volvox rufina [spec. nov.]
PHALAENA Bombyx spirilinguis cristata, alis rufis: fasciis subfuscescentibus: postica latiore; subtus rufescentibus. (p. 507. �. 57-58).
Habitat in Germania, ab eodem.
Antennae angustissimae. Tentacula magis saturate rubra.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 822, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Compressional properties of nuclear matter in the relativistic mean field theory with the excluded volume effects
Creators: name: Kouno, H.
name: Koide, K.
name: Mitsumori, T.
name: Noda, N.
name: Hasegawa, A.
name: Nakano, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Compressional properties of nuclear matter are studied by using the mean field theory with the excluded volume effects of the nucleons. It is found that the excluded volume effects make it possible to fit the empirical data of the Coulomb coefficient $K_{c}$ of nucleus incompressibility, even if the volume coefficient $K$ is small($\sim 150$MeV). However, the symmetry properties favor $K=300\pm 50$MeV as in the cases of the mean field theory of point-like nucleons.
description: PACS numbers, 21.65.+f, 21.30.+y
phi-meson in Nuclear Matter
Creators: name: Kuwabara, H.
name: Hatsuda, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: $ϕ$-meson mass in nuclear matter ($m_ϕ^*$) is investigated using an effective Lagrangian of $ϕ$ interacting with octet baryons. $m_ϕ^*$ decreases by a few \% in nuclear matter due to the current conservation and effective nucleon/hyperon masses. Its implication to the p-A and A-A collisions are briefly discussed.
description: 7 pages, latex, 3 postscript figures, submitted to Prog. Theor. Phys
Quantum Chaos, Degeneracies and Exceptional Points
Creators: name: Heiss, W. Dieter
name: Radu, Stefanel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is argued that, if a regular Hamiltonian is perturbed by a term that produces chaos, the onset of chaos is shifted towards larger values of the perturbation parameter if the unperturbed spectrum is degenerate and the lifting of the degeneracy is of second order in this parameter. The argument is based on the behaviour of the exceptional points of the full problem.
description: RevTeX with 4 figs. available from the authors; to appear in Phys.Rev.A
Anisotropic model with truncated linear dispersion for lattice and interfacial thermal transport in layered materials
Creators: name: Li, Hongkun
name: Zheng, Weidong
name: Koh, Yee Kan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, an anisotropic Debye model [Dames et al., Physical Review B 87, 12 (2013)] was proposed for calculations of the interfacial thermal conductance and the minimum thermal conductivity of graphite-like layered materials. Despite successes of the model in explaining heat transport mechanisms in layered materials (e.g., phonon focusing in highly anisotropic materials), the anisotropic Debye model assumes a phonon dispersion with unrealistic speeds of sounds especially for the flexural (ZA) phonons and overestimated cutoffs for all phonon branches. The deficiencies lead to substantially underestimated phonon irradiation for low-frequency phonons. Here, we develop an anisotropic model with truncated linear dispersion that resembles the real phonon dispersion, using speeds of sounds derived from elastic constants and cutoff frequencies derived from Brillouin zone boundaries. We also employ a piecewise linear function for the ZA phonons. Our model correctly calculates the phonon irradiation over a wide temperature range, verifying the accuracy of our model.We compare calculations of our and the Dames models to measurements of thermal conductivity of graphite and thermal conductance of metal/graphite interfaces, and find that the two models differ significantly for heat transport across the basal planes in graphite even at high temperatures. Our work thus provides a convenient analytical tool to study the phonon transport properties in layered materials.
CYANECO
Creators: name: BUSCAIL Roselyne
Publisher: name: Sismer
Year: 1978

description: Relation entre le flux de matiere et d'energie et l'activite biogeochimique de l'interface sedimentaire. Verification de l'hypothese d'une variabilite spatiale et temporelle de l'activite biologique et geochimique des fonds bathyaux liee a la circula- tion generale liguro-provencale, a la morphologie sous-marine (canyon) et au flux saisonnier de carbone organique.
Nuclear Shell Structure and Chaotic Dynamics in Hexadecapole Deformation
Creators: name: Heiss, W. Dieter
name: Nazmitdinov, Rashid G.
name: Radu, Stefanel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of an axially symmetric hexadecapole term is investigated in a strongly deformed quadrupole potential. While the system is nonintegrable and shows significant chaotic behaviour classically, the quantum mechanical treatment not only produces a general smoothing effect with regard to chaos but even yields a pronounced shell structure at certain hexadecapole strength parameter values for oblate and prolate deformation.
description: RevTeX + 4 figs. available from the authors, to appear in Phys.Rev.C
Nanoscale analysis of molecular photovoltaic thin film structures and interfaces
Creators: name: Gilchrist, James
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: Thin films of organic semiconducting materials, such as copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) and C60, can be used in photovoltaic devices. The interface between these materials is the site of exciton dissociation, and thus a key region of interest in their study. The processes that occur within these films and at interfaces are governed by the local morphology and structure. Studying these films and interfaces at high spatial resolution has previously been challenging given their soft nature and scale. Using electron transparent cross-sections prepared with a focussed ion beam (FIB), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) has been used to probe the local crystallography of three archetypical organic photovoltaic device structures grown on silicon and indium tin oxide (ITO). In HRTEM images lattice fringes of unprecedented clarity are observed, validating the optimised FIB method. HRTEM examination of device structure cross-sections on silicon reveals lattice fringes throughout pure films of CuPc and C60. The structure of the CuPc thin film can be correlated with bulk characterisation methods however, the observation of stacking faults demonstrates film non-uniformity. Lattice fringes in C60 films show an orientation preference with respect to the interface, which allows conclusions to be made about C60 when grown on molecular films. Mixed films show no lattice fringes. Structures grown on ITO are more complex than those on silicon, which is attributed the relatively rougher growth surface. Due to this rougher surface, the morphological changes occurring result in reduced crystallinity, a conclusion supported by bulk characterisation methods. The cross-sectional methodology has been extended to thicker films, revealing the presence of structural deviations that lie parallel to the surface. Scanning transmission electron microscopy, in combination with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, high resolution quantitative compositional mapping reveals the morphology of the interface for the structures studied. This been correlated with the morphology of single CuPc film surfaces, with the conclusion that morphology of the CuPc surface remains unchanged after C60 film growth.
Volvox hecta Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chlorophyta
Vermes
Zoophyta
Volvocaceae
Volvox
Volvox hecta

description: Volvox hecta [spec. nov.]
PHALAENA Noctua elinguis lutea, alis deflexis: superioribus fasciis duabus albidis obliquis punctato interruptis. (p. 508. �. 61-63).
De Geer ins. t. 7. f. 12.
Habitat in Europa. Clerck.
Simillima Phal. Lupulinae, sed dimidio minor. Antennae similiter brevissimae, luteae. Alarum fascia e punctis majoribus. Synonymon itaque De Geerei ad Phal. 63. excludatur.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on pages 822-823, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Using instrumented vehicles to detect damage in bridges
Creators: name: Keenahan, Jennifer
name: OBrien, Eugene
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 90599 Civil Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: Bridge structures are subject to continuous degradation due to the environment, ageing andexcess loading. Monitoring of bridges is a key part of any maintenance strategy as it can giveearly warning if a bridge is becoming unsafe. This paper will theoretically assess the abilityof a vehicle fitted with accelerometers on its axles to detect changes in damping of bridges,which may be the result of damage. Two vehicle models are used in this investigation. The first is a two degree-of-freedom quarter-car and the second is a four degree-of-freedom halfcar. The bridge is modelled as a simply supported beam and the interaction between thevehicle and the bridge is a coupled dynamic interaction algorithm. Both smooth and rough road profiles are used in the simulation and results indicate that changes in bridge damping can be detected by the vehicle models for a range of vehicle velocities and bridge spans.
Investigation of the ageing conditions of PEEK powder for the selective laser sintering process
Creators: name: Guo, Yuqing
name: Chen, Hu
name: Tian, Sukun
name: Xu, Yongxiang
name: Ma, Kenan
name: Ma, Shuai
name: Wang, Xiang
name: Zhang, Yicha
name: Sun, Yuchun
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Ageing mechanism of PEEK powders at optimal powder bed temperature (Tb) and factors affecting their reusability remain unclear. This study investigated effects of gas type (air, nitrogen, and argon) and holding time (0–8 h) on physico-chemical properties of PEEK powders at optimal Tb. The hardness of sintered single-layers was measured to evaluate the quality of the parts. Results revealed that the flowability, morphology, and crystallinity of PEEK powders changed with holding time in different gases. Further, the ageing mechanism involved chain crosslinking within molecular chains in all gases but chain breakage in air. Further, laser power required for SLS decreased with the increase in holding time. However, the hardness of single-layers was stable for powders aged in argon for up to 8 h, but decreased by 7% for powders aged in nitrogen for 4 h. Severe degradation and blackening were observed for single-layers sintered in air using both virgin and aged powders.
Reminiscences of Henry W. Buse, Jr. 1971
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Veterans
World War, 1939-1945
Korean War, 1950-1953
Vietnam War, 1961-1975

description: Education and early assignments; Fleet Marine Force; World War II: Guadalcanal, Cape Gloucester, Division of Plans and Policies; postwar Marine development, unification controversy, China Marines; Armed Forces Staff College; Korea, 1952-53; Lebanon landing, 1958; 1963-68: innovations in Marine Corps Plans and Programs systems, support of Marine operations in Vietnam, command assignments.
Reminiscences of Henry Steele Commager, 1979
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Historians
Historiography--United States
History--Study and teaching

description: Student, University of Chicago, 1918-1924; PhD, University of Copenhagen, 1924-1925; professor of history, New York Universtiy, 1926-1938; friendship with Samuel Eliot Morison; writing of GROWTH OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLIC; friendship with Allan Nevins, 1932-1971: Nevins's working habits, temperament, background in journalism, approach to history, relationship to Nicholas Murray Butler; role in establishment of Bancroft Fund; Professor of History, Columbia University, 1939-1959; professor of history, Amherst College, 1959- ; present state of Columbia University; comparison of American and European universities; critique of comtemporary American historians and their works
A Comment on General Formulae for Polarization Observables in Deuteron Electrodisintegration and Linear Relations
Creators: name: Dmitrašinović, V.
name: Gross, Franz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We establish a simple, explicit relation between the formalisms employed in the treatments of polarization observables in deuteron two-body electrodisintegration published by Arenhövel, Leidemann, and Tomusiak in Few-Body Systems {\bf 15}, 109 (1993) and the results of the present authors published in Phys.~Rev.~C {\bf 40}, 2479 (1989). We comment on the overlap between the two sets of results.
description: 9 pages, no figures
Far field perturbations caused by a roughness element to the three dimensional hypersonic plate flow boundary layer
Creators: name: Tao, Yang
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: For the three dimensional hypersonic viscous compressible flat plate flow, when there is only small roughness on the wall, its effect can be considered as perturbation to two dimensional roughness-free plate flow. To study such a flow problem, we will assume there is only a single roughness element on the plate, of which the equation is in the self-similar form η = eY0 (E), where E =zx -¾ and e << 1, and thus the perturbed flow boundary layer equations will also have self-similar solutions. When solving the boundary layer equations, we use the Dorodnitsyn Transformation and write the solutions in coordinate asymptotic expansions. In these expansions, the leading order terms are the solutions to the two dimensional flat plate flow boundary layer equations, and the expression of these terms will be treated as already known since they can be obtained from the Blasius Equation. The solutions for the perturbation terms show that the perturbations produced by the roughness are capable of propagating against the flow in the boundary layer. This is despite the fact that in the flow regime analysed in this thesis the longitudinal boundary-layer equation does not involve the pressure gradient, and this equation can be thought of as parabolic.
DEEP
Creators: name: DURRIEU DE MADRON Xavier
Publisher: name: Sismer
Year: 1986

description: Les objectifs de ces campagnes en mer ont été :
1) de recueillir des observations sur l'hydrologie, les courants et les flux de matière particulaire dans la zone de convection profonde et sur la pente continentale occidentale du Golfe du Lion,
2) et d'échantillonner les sédiments de la pente continentale et du basin profond et de déployer des pièges benthiques pour définir les caractéristiques sédimentologiques et géochimiques des sédiments superficiels et la biodiversité des communautés benthiques (de la microfaune à la méga faune).Ce travail a été réalisé en collaboration avec le Département de Géologie Marine de l'Université de Barcelone, le Département de Chimie Environnementale du CSIC (Barcelone), et le Département des Sciences de la Mer de l'Université Polytechnique de la Marche (Ancone).
Realistic Model of the Nucleon Spectral Function in Few- and Many- Nucleon Systems
Creators: name: Atti, C. Ciofi degli
name: Simula, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By analysing the high momentum features of the nucleon momentum distribution in light and complex nuclei, it is argued that the basic two-nucleon configurations generating the structure of the nucleon Spectral Function at high values of the nucleon momentum and removal energy, can be properly described by a factorised ansatz for the nuclear wave function, which leads to a nucleon Spectral Function in the form of a convolution integral involving the momentum distributions describing the relative and center-of-mass motion of a correlated nucleon-nucleon pair embedded in the medium. The Spectral Functions of $^3He$ and infinite nuclear matter resulting from the convolution formula and from many-body calculations are compared, and a very good agreement in a wide range of values of nucleon momentum and removal energy is found. Applications of the model to the analysis of inclusive and exclusive processes are presented, illustrating those features of the cross section which are sensitive to that part of the Spectral Function which is governed by short-range and tensor nucleon-nucleon correlations.
description: 40 pages Latex , 16 ps figures available from the above e-mail address or from simula@iss.infn.it
Application of metabolic flux and transcript analyses to understanding the physiology of engineered Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius
Creators: name: Ward, Charlotte
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius has been identified as an organism capable of producing bioethanol from lignocellulosic biomass based on its ability to ferment both hexose and pentose sugars. Engineering of the wild-type strain DL33 (wt) has produced a single knock out strain DL44 (∆ldh) and a double knock out strain DL66 (∆ldh∆pfl↑pdh), both of which have increased capacity for bioethanol production. The nutritional requirements of the strains under anaerobic conditions are yet to be fully understood. In this study, a systems approach to understanding the metabolism of the wild-type and engineered strains has been taken in order to further understand the changes in metabolism resulting from the mutations introduced. For the first time 13C-metabolic flux analysis has been applied to the comparative study of the wild-type and engineered strains using global isotopomer balancing. This has revealed flux through the anaplerotic reactions has reversed from being in the direction of pyruvate / phosphoenolpyruvate in the wild-type, to being in the direction of oxaloacetate / malate in the engineered strains. Alterations in TCA cycle flux between the strains were also seen. Furthermore alanine was found to be produced as a fermentation product in each strain. Analysis of the genome sequence has revealed an unusual oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway, missing 6-phosphogluconolactonase but with genes encoding the rest of the pathway still present, suggesting that flux through this pathway may still proceed, dependent on the themolability of glucono-1,5-lactone-6-phosphate. It has been found that RNA extracted from G. thermoglucosidasius is prone to rapid degradation which may affect the outcome of analysis of the transcriptome by RNA-seq. Nonetheless, it has been possible to apply RNA-seq to the wild-type organism grown aerobically and use this to identify transcripts for the major pathways of central carbon metabolism and the most highly expressed transcripts of the culture.
Dark Matter that Interacts with Baryons: Density Distribution within the Earth and New Constraints on the Interaction Cross-section
Creators: name: Neufeld, David A.
name: Farrar, Glennys R.
name: McKee, Christopher F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For dark matter (DM) particles with masses in the 0.6 - 6 m_p range, we set stringent constraints on the interaction cross-sections for scattering with ordinary baryonic matter. These constraints follow from the recognition that such particles can be captured by - and thermalized within - the Earth, leading to a substantial accumulation and concentration of DM that interact with baryons. Here, we discuss the probability that DM intercepted by the Earth will be captured, the number of DM particles thereby accumulated over Earth's lifetime, the fraction of such particles retained in the face of evaporation, and the density distribution of such particles within the Earth. In the latter context, we note that a previous treatment of the density distribution of DM, presented by Gould and Raffelt and applied subsequently to DM in the Sun, is inconsistent with considerations of hydrostatic equilibrium. Our analysis provides an estimate of the DM particle density at Earth's surface, which may exceed 1.E+14 cm-3 for the mass range under consideration. Based upon our determination of the DM density at Earth's surface, we derive constraints on the scattering cross-sections. These constraints are placed by four considerations: (1) the lifetime of the relativistic proton beam at the Large Hadron collider (LHC); (2) the orbital decay of spacecraft in low Earth orbit (LEO); (3) the vaporization rate of cryogenic liquids in well-insulated storage dewars; and (4) the thermal conductivity of Earth's crust. As an example application of our results, we show that for the scattering cross-sections that were invoked recently in Barkana's original explanation for the anomalously deep 21 cm absorption reported by EDGES, DM particle masses in the 0.6 - 4 m_p range are ruled out.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ. This version has several minor changes to improve clarity. A new appendix had been added to justify our treatment of the dark matter density distribution within the Earth, where we note that a previous analysis of the density distribution of DM in the Sun by Gould and Raffelt is inconsistent with considerations of hydrostatic equilibrium
Особенности мышления младших школьников в разных условиях обучения
Creators: name: Петронюк, Инна
Publisher: name: ООО Цифра
Year: 2025
Subjects: learning success
verbal logic
spatial reasoning
educational process
успешность обучения
вербальная логика
пространственное мышление
образовательный процесс

description: Международный научно-исследовательский журнал, Выпуск 4 (154) 2025