cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Isoperimetric inequality for higher-dimensional black holes
Creators: name: Ida, Daisuke
name: Nakao, Ken-ichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The initial data sets for the five-dimensional Einstein equation have been examined. The system is designed such that the black hole ($\simeq S^3$) or the black ring ($\simeq S^2\times S^1$) can be found. We have found that the typical length of the horizon can become arbitrarily large but the area of characteristic closed two-dimensional submanifold of the horizon is bounded above by the typical mass scale. We conjecture that the isoperimetric inequality for black holes in $n$-dimensional space is given by $V_{n-2} \lesssim GM$, where $V_{n-2}$ denotes the volume of typical closed $(n-2)$-section of the horizon and $M$ is typical mass scale, rather than $C\lesssim (GM)^{1/(n-2)}$ in terms of the hoop length $C$, which holds only when $n=3$.
description: 7 pages, 13 figures
Arbitrarily High-order Unconditionally Energy Stable Schemes for Thermodynamically Consistent Gradient Flow Models
Creators: name: Gong, Yuezheng
name: Zhao, Jia
name: Wang, Qi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present a systematical approach to developing arbitrarily high order, unconditionally energy stable numerical schemes for thermodynamically consistent gradient flow models that satisfy energy dissipation laws. Utilizing the energy quadratization (EQ) method, We formulate the gradient flow model into an equivalent form with a corresponding quadratic free energy functional. Based on the equivalent form with a quadratic energy, we propose two classes of energy stable numerical approximations. In the first approach, we use a prediction-correction strategy to improve the accuracy of linear numerical schemes. In the second approach, we adopt the Gaussian collocation method to discretize the equivalent form with a quadratic energy, arriving at an arbitrarily high-order scheme for gradient flow models. Schemes derived using both approaches are proved rigorously to be unconditionally energy stable. The proposed schemes are then implemented in four gradient flow models numerically to demonstrate their accuracy and effectiveness. Detailed numerical comparisons among these schemes are carried out as well. These numerical strategies are rather general so that they can be readily generalized to solve any thermodynamically consistent PDE models.
Solar Neutrino Zenith Angle Distribution and Uncertainty in Earth Matter Density
Creators: name: Shan, Lian-You
name: Zhang, Xinmin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We estimate in this paper the errors in the zenith angle distribution for the charged current events of the solar neutrinos caused by the uncertainty of the earth electron density. In the model of PREM with a 5% uncertainty in the earth electron density we numerically calculate the corrections to the correlation between $ [N]_5 /[N]_2 $ and $ [N]_2 /[N]_3 $, and find the errors notable.
description: Latex, 11 pages, 6 figures References added. Final version to appear in Phys Rev D
Kinetics of phase separation, border of miscibility gap in Fe-Cr and limit of Cr solubility in iron at 832 K
Creators: name: Dubiel, Stanisław M.
name: Żukrowski, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Kinetics of phase decomposition accompanied by precipitation of sigma-phase in a Fe73.7Cr26.3 alloy isothermally annealed at 832 K was studied by means of Mössbauer spectroscopy. Two stage decomposition process has been revealed by three different quantities viz. the average hyperfine field, , the short-range parameter, alpha1, and the probability of atomic configuration with no Cr atoms within the first two coordination shells around the probe Fe atoms, P(0,0). The first stage, that has terminated after ca.300 h of annealing, has been associated with the decomposition into Fe-rich phase in which the concentration of Cr, determined as 20.9 at.%, can be interpreted as the border of the metastable miscibility gap at 832 K. The second stage can be regarded as a continuation of the phase decomposition process combined with a precipitation of sigma. The three relevant parameters for this stage have also saturation-like behavior vs. annealing time and the saturation can be interpreted as termination of the two processes. The concentration of Cr in the Fe-rich phase has been determined as 19.8 at.% and this value can be regarded as the limit of Cr solubility in iron at 832 K. Both stages of the kinetics were found to be in line with the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolgomorov equation yielding values of the rate constant and the Avrami exponent. The activation energy of the second-stage process was determined to be by ca.12 kJ/mol higher.
description: 20 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables, 20 references
NON-HUMAN ANIMALS: THE RIGHT TO LIFE AND DIGNITY
Creators: name: VALMIR CÉSAR POZZETTI
name: ELIZABETH BEATRIZ RODRIGUES BRAGA
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: The objective of this research was to analyze animal use in human daily life and to verify how the public power, through its legal attributions, could guarantee the protection due to nonhuman animals. The methodology used in this research was that of the deductive method; as to the means the research was the bibliographical and as for the purposes, qualitative. The conclusion reached is that it is necessary to issue legislation that is especially protective of non-human animals and that the full application of the provisions of the UNESCO Animal Rights Declaration is necessary, since it guarantees animals basic rights such as rest, the right to food and the restriction of forced labor.
Meson Form Factors and the Quark-Level Linear Sigma Model
Creators: name: Scadron, Michael D.
name: Kleefeld, Frieder
name: Rupp, George
name: van Beveren, Eef
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quark-level linear sigma model is employed to compute a variety of electromagnetic and weak observables of light mesons, including pion and kaon form factors and charge radii, charged-pion polarizabilities, semileptonic weak $K_{\ell3}$ decay, semileptonic weak radiative pion and kaon form factors, radiative decays of vector mesons, and nonleptonic weak $K_{2π}$ decay. The agreement of all these predicted observables with experiment is striking. In passing, the tight link between the linear sigma model and vector-meson dominance is shown. Some conclusions are drawn on the linear sigma model in connection with lattice and renormalization-group approaches to QCD.
description: plain LaTeX, 21 pages, 8 EPS figures, 1 table. PACS numbers: 12.40.-y, 11.30.Rd, 13.40.Gp, 13.40.Hq, 13.20.Cz, 13.20.Eb, 13.25.Es, 12.40.Vv
Classical and Thermodynamic Stability of Black Branes
Creators: name: Reall, Harvey S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is argued that many non-extremal black branes exhibit a classical Gregory-Laflamme instability if, and only if, they are locally thermodynamically unstable. For some black branes, the Gregory-Laflamme instability must therefore disappear near extremality. For the black $p$-branes of the type II supergravity theories, the Gregory-Laflamme instability disappears near extremality for $p=1,2,4$ but persists all the way down to extremality for $p=5,6$ (the black D3-brane is not covered by the analysis of this paper). This implies that the instability also vanishes for the near-extremal black M2 and M5-brane solutions.
description: 21 pages, LaTeX. v2: Various points clarified, typos corrected and reference added
Efficient cruising for swimming and flying animals is dictated by fluid drag
Creators: name: Floryan, Daniel
name: Van Buren, Tyler
name: Smits, Alexander J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many swimming and flying animals are observed to cruise in a narrow range of Strouhal numbers, where the Strouhal number ${St = 2fA/U}$ is a dimensionless parameter that relates stroke frequency $f$, amplitude $A$, and forward speed $U$. Dolphins, sharks, bony fish, birds, bats, and insects typically cruise in the range $0.2 < St < 0.4$, which coincides with the Strouhal number range for maximum efficiency as found by experiments on heaving and pitching airfoils. It has therefore been postulated that natural selection has tuned animals to use this range of Strouhal numbers because it confers high efficiency, but the reason why this is so is still unclear. Here, by using simple scaling arguments, we argue that the Strouhal number for peak efficiency is largely determined by fluid drag on the fins and wings.
description: 10 pages
Thermodynamics of binary black holes and neutron stars
Creators: name: Friedman, John L.
name: Uryu, Koji
name: Shibata, Masaru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider compact binary systems, modeled in general relativity as vacuum or perfect-fluid spacetimes with a helical Killing vector k^α, heuristically, the generator of time-translations in a corotating frame. Systems that are stationary in this sense are not asymptotically flat, but have asymptotic behavior corresponding to equal amounts of ingoing and outgoing radiation. For black-hole binaries, a rigidity theorem implies that the Killing vector lies along the horizon's generators, and from this one can deduce the zeroth law (constant surface gravity of the horizon). Remarkably, although the mass and angular momentum of such a system are not defined, there is an exact first law, relating the change in the asymptotic Noether charge to the changes in the vorticity, baryon mass, and entropy of the fluid, and in the area of black holes. Binary systems with MΩsmall have an approximate asymptopia in which one can write the first law in terms of the asymptotic mass and angular momentum. Asymptotic flatness is precise in two classes of solutions used to model binary systems: spacetimes satisfying the post-Newtonian equations, and solutions to a modified set of field equations that have a spatially conformally flat metric. (The spatial conformal flatness formalism with helical symmetry, however, is consistent with maximal slicing only if replaces the extrinsic curvature in the field equations by an artificially tracefree expression in terms of the shift vector.) For these spacetimes, nearby equilibria whose stars have the same vorticity obey the relation δM = ΩδJ, from which one can obtain a turning point criterion that governs the stability of orbits.
description: 26 pages, revised version, modified appendix A, to appear in PRD
Endamoebites proterus Poinar 2009
Creators: name: Guo, Mingxia
name: Xing, Lida
name: Wang, Bo
name: Zhang, Weiwei
name: Wang, Shuo
name: Shi, Aimin
name: Bai, Ming
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Blattodea
Kalotermitidae
Endamoebites
Endamoebites proterus

description: 17) Endamoebites proterus Poinar, 2009
 Endamoebites proterus Poinar, 2009a: 11.
Type specimen(s). H: Specimen B-I-2 (PACO).
 Host. Kachinitermopsis burmensis (Poinar, 2009) (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae).
description: Published as part of Guo, Mingxia, Xing, Lida, Wang, Bo, Zhang, Weiwei, Wang, Shuo, Shi, Aimin & Bai, Ming, 2017, A catalogue of Burmite inclusions, pp. 249-379 in Zoological Systematics 42 (3) on page 255, DOI: 10.11865/zs.201715, http://zenodo.org/record/5360313
Additional file 3 of Comprehensive analysis of coagulation indices for predicting survival in patients with biliary tract cancer
Creators: name: Ke, Xindi
name: Jin, Bao
name: You, Wen
name: Chen, Yang
name: Xu, Haifeng
name: Zhao, Haitao
name: Lu, Xin
name: Sang, Xinting
name: Zhong, Shouxian
name: Yang, Huayu
name: Mao, Yilei
name: Du, Shunda
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 3: S1 Fig. Calibration curves and decisive curve analysis of the nomogram in the training cohort. A-C: 1-, 3- and 5-year calibration curves. D-F: 1-, 3- and 5-year decisive curve analyses.
Seeds of Gold: How Environmental Considerations Influence Cacao Production Decisions for Small Landholder Households in Northwestern Ecuador
Creators: name: Useche, Pilar
name: Blare, Trent
name: Useche, Pilar
name: Blare, Trent
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Many factors besides profit maximization such as nonmarket ecological and social benefits influence smallholder households to adopt one agricultural production system or another. Thus, different techniques are needed that take into consideration more than monetary income to fully capture these additional benefits in order to better understand the production decision of smallholder farmers. We build upon previous work on the household model and shadow wage estimation to develop a shadow wage for Ecuadorian cacao producers that includes these nonmarket benefits. We found that the shadow wage correctly indicated that these households would prefer to use an agroforestry production system instead of the more profitable modern system because these additional nonmarket benefits in additional to the economic benefits from participating in specialty markets make the traditional cropping system more attractive to these households.
n-nbar Oscillations in Models with Large Extra Dimensions
Creators: name: Nussinov, Shmuel
name: Shrock, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze $n - \bar n$ oscillations in generic models with large extra dimensions in which standard-model fields propagate and fermion wavefunctions have strong localization. We find that in these models $n - \bar n$ oscillations might occur at levels not too far below the current limit.
description: 3 pages, latex
NON-STATE ACTORS AND DEMOCRACY IN BRAZIL: THE ROLE OF COMPANIES IN THE SILICON VALLEY IN THE EXERCISE OF CITIZENSHIP
Creators: name: DANIELA MENENGOTI GONÇALVES RIBEIRO
name: FERNANDO NAVARRO VINCE
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: The article analyzes the impact of the increasingly frequent use of Internet in the exercise of citizenship, and the attempt by the Brazilian electoral reform to meet this reality, putting the network as one of the principal means of marketing. However, the acting handled by non-State actors such as the media, political parties and foreign companies, bolstered by the recent change in Brazilian law, which favored the business model of the major digital platforms in Silicon Valley, have violated basic tenets of democracy. By the use of deductive reasoning, through bibliographical and documentary research, the article concludes that, although access to the internet should be a guarantee to freedom of expression and information, it needs to impose more accountability to its contractors and require greater transparency in the network in order to distinguish what is real from what is manipulated, this is crucial for both the Government and civil society in defending civil liberties and political rights.
Self-Diffusion of Glycerol in $γ$-Alumina Nanopores: Understanding the Effect of Pore Saturation on the Dynamics of Confined Polyalcohols
Creators: name: Campos-Villalobos, Gerardo
name: Siperstein, Flor R.
name: D'Agostino, Carmine
name: Patti, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular Dynamics simulations of glycerol confined in $γ$-Al$_2$O$_3$ slit nanopores are used to explain controversial and inconsistent observations reported in the literature regarding the dynamics of viscous fluids in confined geometries. Analysing the effects of the degree of confinement and pore saturation in this system, we found that the presence of the solid/liquid interface and the liquid/gas interface in partially saturated pores are the main contributors for the disruption of the hydrogen bond network of glycerol. Despite the reduction of hydrogen bonds between glycerol molecules caused by the presence of the solid, glycerol molecules near the solid surface can establish hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl groups of $γ$-Al$_2$O$_3$ that significantly slow-down the dynamics of the confined fluid compared to the bulk liquid. On the other hand, the disruption of the hydrogen bond network caused by the liquid/gas interface in unsaturated pores reduces significantly the number of hydrogen bonds between glycerol molecules and results in a faster dynamics than in the bulk liquid. Therefore, we suggest that the discrepancies reported in the literature are a consequence of measurements carried out under different pore saturation conditions.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures
Additional file 3 of Microarray-based analysis of renal complement components reveals a therapeutic target for lupus nephritis
Creators: name: Liu, Tao
name: Yang, Mingyue
name: Xia, Ying
name: Jiang, Chuan
name: Li, Chenxu
name: Jiang, Zhenyu
name: Wang, Xiaosong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3: Supplementary Figure S2.. Enrichment and p values of upregulated KEGG pathways in the kidneys of LN patients. Dot size represents the number of genes enriched in the pathway, dot color represents the significance of each differential expression pathway, and dot position represents the enrichment degree of the pathway.
Effect of Tariff Liberalization on Mexico’s Income Distribution in the presence of Migration
Creators: name: Garduno-Rivera, Rafael
name: Baylis, Katherine R.
name: Garduno-Rivera, Rafael
name: Baylis, Katherine R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Income Distribution
subject: Regional Disparities
subject: Trade Liberalization
subject: Internal-Migration

description: This paper studies how the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) affected income distribution within Mexico given internal migration. In low-skilled labor-abundant developing countries, trade liberalization should theoretically increase the income of low-skilled workers, decreasing income disparity. However, anecdotal evidence indicates that NAFTA increased the gap between rich and poor in Mexico, and empirical evidence is mixed (Chiquiar, 2005; Nicita, 2009; Hanson, 2007). Because trade may affect wages differently across regions within the country, accurate measures of wage effects must incorporate intra-national migration. We specifically consider rural to urban migration and find that working age men with low incomes get a boost from the NAFTA in their wages while NAFTA has a negative effect for those with high incomes. There is a slight increase in migration in the years after NAFTA. We also find that, workers far away from the US-Mexico border earn significantly lower wages in comparison to their counterparts in the border. But this effect diminishes after NAFTA, when tariffs decrease. As a result, we find that in urban areas, trade liberalization has reduced income inequalities among working age men.
Pyrotechnic Universe
Creators: name: Kallosh, Renata
name: Kofman, Lev
name: Linde, Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the central points of the ekpyrotic cosmological scenario based on Horava-Witten theory is that we live on a negative tension brane. However, the tension of the visible brane is positive in the usual HW phenomenology with stronger coupling on the hidden brane, both for standard and non-standard embedding. To make ekpyrotic scenario realistic one must solve the problem of the negative cosmological constant on the visible brane and fine-tune the bulk brane potential with an accuracy of $10^{-50}$. In terms of a canonically normalized scalar field $ϕ$ describing the position of the brane, this potential must take a very unusual form $V(ϕ)\sim e^{-{5000 ϕ\over M_p}}$. We describe the problems which appear when one attempts to obtain this potential in string theory. The mechanism for the generation of density perturbations in this scenario is not brane-specific; it is a particular limiting case of the mechanism of tachyonic preheating. Unlike inflation, this mechanism exponentially amplifies not only quantum fluctuations, but also initial inhomogeneities. As a result, to solve the homogeneity problem in this scenario, one would need the branes to be parallel to each other with an accuracy better than $10^{-60}$ on a scale $10^{30}$ times greater than the distance between the branes. Thus, at present, inflation remains the only robust mechanism that produces density perturbations with a flat spectrum and simultaneously solves all major cosmological problems.
description: 35 pages, 2 figs. The issue of the brane tension is clarified and a new Appendix explaining constraints on the parameters is added
Limatula demiradiata Allen 2010, n. sp.
Creators: name: Allen, J. A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Bivalvia
Limida
Limidae
Limatula
Limatula demiradiata

description: Limatula demiradiata n. sp.
(figures 33, 34)
 Type locality. Thalassa sta. Z398, 47 ‡ 33.8 ’ N, 07 ‡ 16.8 ’ W, 330 m.
 Holotype. MNHP.
 Material examined. Thalassa sta. Z398, 47 ‡ 33.8 ’ N, 07 ‡ 16.8 ’ W, 330 m, 1 spec.
 Distribution. Found at a single station, west of Finisterre at edge of continental shelf from a sand sediment with an admixture of large shells in 330 m.
 Description (figures 33, 34). Shell small (height 3.6 mm), height/length ratio 1:0.71, fragile, moderately inflated, equivalve, inequilateral, anteriorly oblique, ca 12 ‡ to vertical axis, transparent, eight or nine fine, sharp-ridged, ribs on anterior half of shell extend from close to umbo to antero-ventral margin, posterior to these 14–16 similar but very short ribs extend along the ventral margin of the shell, few irregular concentric growth lines with fine short spines where anterior ribs cross, ears not greatly extended and without ornament, shallow posterior subauricular sinus present, anterior subauricular sinus barely visible; umbo moderately prominent; hinge margin straight; ligament elongate, lozenge-shaped. Prodissoconch large, length~410 M m. No interdissoconch.
 Anatomy. As far as can be seen through the shell, the anatomy differs little from those described above. The sensory layer of the inner mantle fold bears numerous annulate tentacles. The posterior adductor is particularly large. The gill has two demibranchs made up of homorhabdic filaments.
 Remarks. This species is characterized by its oblique shape, straight hinge margin, few ribs limited to the anterior part of the shell, a limited number of ventral marginal ribs and lack of median raised ribs. No species with these characteristics has been recorded in the literature. The name is descriptive of the shell.
description: Published as part of Allen, J. A., 2010, The Recent species of the genera Limatula and Limea (Bivalvia, Limacea) present in the Atlantic, with particular reference to those in deep water, pp. 2591-2653 in Journal of Natural History 38 (20) on pages 2618-2621, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001647442, http://zenodo.org/record/5250711
Australia's policy on non-European immigration
Creators: name: Palfreeman, Anthony Creedon
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 1961
Subjects: subject: White Australia policy
subject: Australia Emigration and immigration

description: The first aim of the thesis is to analyse the actual administrative mechanism of Australia's immigration policy in regard to persons of non-European race, as it had been developed up until the beginning of 1959* That is, the functioning of the 'White Australia' policy, as it is popularly known. It does not deal with the general history of the policy, nor with the sociological problems of racial assimilation, nor with the geopolitical problems of 'empty lands and hungry people'; It deals rather with the nature of the policy itself. Part I contains the essence of the thesis - a detailed analysis of the policy and its application. Part II discusses the statutory underpinning of the policy. Its aim is to clarify the somewhat complex relationship between the Statutes and the policy and the reasons for this complexity. Part H i m in one chapter, discusses the pressures on the Government from within the community in relation to their influence on the important changes in the policy. The conclusions are very briefly that the policy has successfully achieved its objective in keeping Australia 'white* in spite of complications due largely to circumstances •which prevailed at the turn of the century. Certain inevitable compromises made absolute exclusion impossible. The thesis is largely concerned with the nature of these compromises and with the way in which the broad aims of the Australian community were interpreted by its legislators and achieved by its administrators.
Dimensional Dependence of Black Hole Formation in Self-Similar Collapse of Scalar Field
Creators: name: Kim, Hyeong-Chan
name: Moon, Sei-Hoon
name: Yee, Jae Hyung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study classical and quantum self-similar collapses of a massless scalar field in higher dimensions, and examine how the increase in the number of dimensions affects gravitational collapse and black hole formation. Higher dimensions seem to favor formation of black hole rather than other final states, in that the initial data space for black hole formation enlarges as dimension increases. On the other hand, the quantum gravity effect on the collapse lessens as dimension increases. We also discuss the gravitational collapse in a brane world with large but compact extra dimensions.
description: Improved a few arguments and added a figure
Off-farm Employment and Farming Efficiency in Modern Agriculture: A Dynamic Panel Analysis
Creators: name: Bjornsen, Hild-Marte
name: Mishra, Ashok K.
name: Bjornsen, Hild-Marte
name: Mishra, Ashok K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Panel
subject: heterogeneity
subject: simultaneity
subject: off-farm labor
subject: farm households
subject: agricultural subsidy

description: Most of the empirical literature in this area tends to analyze labor allocation decisions of economic agents using cross-sectional data. But such methods implicitly assume that model parameters are stable (constant) across firms and over time. The use of cross-sectional methods is therefore glaringly at odds with the firm-specific aspects of the theoretical models employed in labor economics. Using a large panel data this study investigates the simultaneous relationship between farming efficiency and the off-farm labor supply decisions of both farm operators and their spouses. We also account for unobserved heterogeneity and correcting for simultaneity bias in such estimation. Results reveal several interesting findings. First, farming efficiency (ratio of farm revenue to total variable cost) has a positive and negative impact on hours of off-farm work by farm operators and spouses, respectively. Second, agricultural subsidy has a negative and positive effect on off-farm work hours of farm operators and spouses, respectively. Finally, we find a dynamic relationship between off-farm labor supply and farming efficiency. Specifically, in the case of the farm operator, off-farm work first increases farming efficiency in the first period and then decreases it in the second period. On the other hand, we observe a positive correlation, for both periods, between off-farm hours worked by spouses and farming efficiency.
Sub-femtosecond tracing of molecular dynamics during strong-field interaction
Creators: name: Hanus, Václav
name: Kangaparambil, Sarayoo
name: Larimian, Seyedreza
name: Dorner-Kirchner, Martin
name: Xie, Xinhua
name: Schöffler, Markus
name: Paulus, Gerhard
name: Baltuška, Andrius
name: Staudte, André
name: Kitzler-Zeiler, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce and experimentally demonstrate a method, where the two intrinsic time scales of a molecule, the slow nuclear motion and the fast electronic motion, are simultaneously measured in a photo-electron photo-ion coincidence experiment. In our experiment, elliptically polarized, 750~nm, 4.5~fs laser pulses were focused to an intensity of $9\times10^{14}\mathrm{W/cm}^2$ onto H$_2$. Using coincidence imaging, we directly observe the nuclear wavepacket evolving on the \ssg{} state of H$_2^+$ during its first roundtrip with attosecond temporal and picometer spatial resolution. The demonstrated method should enable insight into the first few femtoseconds of the vibronic dynamics of ionization-induced unimolecular reactions of larger molecules.
Impact of potential dairy-beef production on China's beef supply, demand and international trade
Creators: name: Wang, Dong
name: Parton, Kevin A.
name: Deblitz, Claus
name: Wang, Dong
name: Parton, Kevin A.
name: Deblitz, Claus
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Farm Management
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Production Economics
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: China
subject: beef
subject: dairy-beef
subject: partial equilibrium model
subject: sensitivity analysis
subject: international trade

description: In the past China has been self-sufficient in beef products, but, with a dramatic increase in consumer spending on food, demand for beef, which is seen as a novel and nutritious food, has grown. By employing a partial equilibrium model and sensitivity analysis under different scenarios, this study found that an expanded dairy-beef industry would reduce the beef deficit that arises, from 2008 onwards. The additional dairy-beef production would reduce the price of beef, and reduce, although not fill, the projected gap of 50 000 tonnes per year. Without dairy-beef, China will have a significant beef shortage.
Ripplocation in graphite nanoplatelets during sonication assisted liquid phase exfoliation
Creators: name: Alaferdov, A. V.
name: Savu, R.
name: Canesqui, M. A.
name: Kopelevich, Y. V.
name: da Silva, R. R.
name: Rozhkova, N. N.
name: Pavlov, D. A.
name: Usov, Yu. V.
name: de Trindade, G. M.
name: Moshkalev, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Defects induced by liquid-phase exfoliation of graphite using sonication were studied. It was shown that localized impact by cavitation shock waves can produce bulk ripplocations and various types of dislocations in graphite nanoplatelets. Formation of ripples is more pronounced in large aspect (length/width) ratio platelets or nanobelts. Quasi-periodical ripple systems were observed in many nanobelts after sonication. Mechanism of formation of ripples and dislocations during sonication was proposed. Surprisingly, fast high-temperature processing was found to anneal most of defects. This is consistent with our observations that defects associated with ripplocations are strongly localized and thus can be fast annealed.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures
Limatula bisecta Allen 2010, n. sp.
Creators: name: Allen, J. A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Bivalvia
Limida
Limidae
Limatula
Limatula bisecta

description: Limatula bisecta n. sp.
(figure 35)
 Type locality. Chain sta. 309, 52 ‡ 21.1 ’ N, 12 ‡ 07.4 ’ W, 479 m.
 Holotype. BMNH.
 Material examined. Chain sta. 309, 52 ‡ 21.1 ’ N, 12 ‡ 07.4 ’ W, 479 m, 3 spec.
 Distribution. Known only from one upper slope station, off south-west Ireland.
 Description (figure 35). Shell very small (max. recorded height 2 mm), height/ length ratio 1:0.70, very fragile, moderately inflated, equivalve, almost equilateral, transparent, ornamented with one close-set pair of axial ribs either side of a fine axial channel, faint suggestion of six or seven ventral marginal ribs, few very fine concentric growth lines and hardly visible fine marginal striae where marginal ribs occur, ventrally broadly rounded, ears not extended and without ornament, no anterior subauricular sinus, very shallow suggestion of posterior auricular sinus; umbo moderately prominent; hinge line approximately straight; ligament short and lozenge-shaped. Prodissoconch I length~130 M m; interdissoconch ca 0.25 mm.
 Anatomy. The mantle margin is relatively broad and each middle sensory fold bears 12–13 very small papillate tentacles, including a small anal tentacle. The posterior adductor is small and circular in cross-section. As far as can be seen through the shell, the gill is reduced to one demibranch but in other respects the anatomy is similar to that of other species described above.
 Remarks. Although it is possible that this may turn out to be the juvenile of a larger species, no other described species is characterized by a fragile transparent shell with a single central medial channel. It is named after this latter feature.
description: Published as part of Allen, J. A., 2010, The Recent species of the genera Limatula and Limea (Bivalvia, Limacea) present in the Atlantic, with particular reference to those in deep water, pp. 2591-2653 in Journal of Natural History 38 (20) on pages 2621-2622, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001647442, http://zenodo.org/record/5250711
Pyrsonymphites Poinar 2009
Creators: name: Guo, Mingxia
name: Xing, Lida
name: Wang, Bo
name: Zhang, Weiwei
name: Wang, Shuo
name: Shi, Aimin
name: Bai, Ming
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Protozoa
Metamonada
Anaeromonadea
Oxymonadida
Pyrsonymphidae
Pyrsonymphites

description: 3.17 Genus Pyrsonymphites Poinar, 2009
 Pyrsonymphites Poinar, 2009a: 11. Type species: Pyrsonymphites cordylinis Poinar, 2009.
description: Published as part of Guo, Mingxia, Xing, Lida, Wang, Bo, Zhang, Weiwei, Wang, Shuo, Shi, Aimin & Bai, Ming, 2017, A catalogue of Burmite inclusions, pp. 249-379 in Zoological Systematics 42 (3) on page 255, DOI: 10.11865/zs.201715, http://zenodo.org/record/5360313
Prospects of Very Long Base-Line Neutrino Oscillation Experiments with the KEK-JAERI High Intensity Proton Accelerator
Creators: name: Aoki, M.
name: Hagiwara, K.
name: Hayato, Y.
name: Kobayashi, T.
name: Nakaya, T.
name: Nishikawa, K.
name: Okamura, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study physics potential of Very Long Base-Line (VLBL) Neutrino-Oscillation Experiments with the High Intensity Proton Accelerator (HIPA), which will be completed by the year 2007 in Tokai-village, Japan, as a joint project of KEK and JAERI (Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute). The HIPA 50 GeV proton beam will deliver neutrino beams of a few GeV range with the intensity about two orders of magnitude higher than the present KEK beam for K2K experiment. As a sequel to the proposed HIPA-to-Super-Kamiokande experiment, we study impacts of experiments with a 100 kton-level detector and the base-line length of a few-thousand km. The pulsed narrow-band nu_mu beams (NBB) allow us to measure the nu_mu to nu_e transition probability and the nu_mu survival probability through counting experiments at large water-Cerenkov detector. We study sensitivity of such experiments to the neutrino mass hierarchy, the mass-squared differences, the three angles, and one CP phase of the three-generation lepton-flavor-mixing matrix. We find that experiments at a distance between 1,000 and 2,000 km can determine the sign of the larger mass-squared difference (m_3^2-m_1^2) if the mixing between nu_e and nu_3 (the heaviest-or-lightest neutrino) is not too small; 2|U_{e3}|^2(1-|U_{e3}|^2) gsim 0.03. The CP phase can be constrained if the |U_{e3}| element is sufficiently large, 2|U_{e3}|^2(1-|U_{e3}|^2) gsim 0.06, and if the smaller mass-squared difference (m_2^2-m_1^2) and the U_{e2} element are in the prefered range of the large-mixing-angle solution of the solar-neutrino deficit. The magunitude | m_3^2-m_1^2| and the matrix element U_{mu 3} can be precisely measured, but we find little sensitivity to m_2^2-m_1^2 and the matrix element U_{e2}.
description: 65 pages, 22 figures, and 9 tables
Testing Neutrino Parameters at Future Accelerators
Creators: name: Romao, Jorge C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The simplest unified extension of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model with bilinear R--Parity violation provides a predictive scheme for neutrino masses which can account for the observed atmospheric and solar neutrino anomalies.Despite the smallness of neutrino masses R-parity violation is observable at present and future high-energy colliders, providing an unambiguous cross-check of the model.
description: 9 pages, 10 Figures in Postscript, uses ws-procs9x6.cls. Talk given at the 4th International Workshop on New Worlds in Astroparticle Physics, Faro, Portugal, 5-7 September 2002
Review of concepts for the evaluation of sustainable agriculture in Germany and comparison of measurement schemes for farm sustainability
Creators: name: Kleinhanss, Werner
name: Ehrmann, Markus
name: Kleinhanss, Werner
name: Ehrmann, Markus
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: sustainability
subject: efficiency analysis
subject: indicators
subject: dairy farms
subject: Nachhaltigkeit
subject: Effizienzanalyse
subject: Indikatoren
subject: Milchviehbetriebe

description: Summary : Within the EU research project SVAPPAS, a method of sustainability measurement based on principles of financial markets, will be tested wrt sustainability issues in agriculture, and further developed. This analysis is oriented to farm level approach based on FADN data. The study goes in two directions; first, measurement concepts available in German are reviewed, and second, the different methods are applied to a sample of dairy farms selected from the national FADN. The results of DEA, Sustainable Value and economic indicators lead to similar conclusions in most assessments. In contrast to the high correlation between Sustainable Value and DEA, a rather low correlation with the ecological indicators can be observed. Moreover, results of SV and economic indicators are generally contrary to ecological indicators. In each case it seems to be reasonable to use more than one approach for the assessment, to get a more detailed and comprehensive picture of the individual dimensions and issues of sustainability. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Zusammenfassung: Im Rahmen des EU-Forschungsprojekts SVAPPAS wird die Anwendung einer Methode für Nachhaltigkeitsbewertung, basierend auf Prinzipien von Finanzmärkten (Sustainable Value (SV)), im Bereich der Landwirtschaft getestet und weiter entwickelt. Für die vorliegende Analyse werden Daten aus dem deutschen Testbetriebsnetz verwendet. Sie zielt darauf ab, verschiedene in Deutschland verfügbare und im Rahmen des Projektes weiter entwickelte Bewertungskonzepte am Beispiel von Milchvieh haltenden Betrieben anzuwenden und zu testen. Die Ergebnisse der Data Envelopment Analyse (DEA) und des SV-Ansatzes führen zu ähnlichen Bewertungen. Im Gegensatz zur hohen Korrelation zwischen SV und DEA kann eine ziemlich niedrige Korrelation mit den ökologischen Indikatoren beobachtet werden; zudem sind Ergebnisse von SV und ökologischen Indikatoren entgegengesetzt. Deshalb scheint es notwendig, mehrere Bewertungskonzepte zu verwenden, um ein umfassenderes Bild der einzelnen Dimensionen der Nachhaltigkeit zu bekommen.
Pyrsonymphites cordylinis Poinar 2009
Creators: name: Guo, Mingxia
name: Xing, Lida
name: Wang, Bo
name: Zhang, Weiwei
name: Wang, Shuo
name: Shi, Aimin
name: Bai, Ming
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Protozoa
Metamonada
Anaeromonadea
Oxymonadida
Pyrsonymphidae
Pyrsonymphites
Pyrsonymphites cordylinis

description: 18) Pyrsonymphites cordylinis Poinar, 2009
 Pyrsonymphites cordylinis Poinar, 2009a: 11.
Type specimen(s). H: Specimen B-I-2 (PACO).
 Host. Kachinitermopsis burmensis (Poinar, 2009) (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae).
description: Published as part of Guo, Mingxia, Xing, Lida, Wang, Bo, Zhang, Weiwei, Wang, Shuo, Shi, Aimin & Bai, Ming, 2017, A catalogue of Burmite inclusions, pp. 249-379 in Zoological Systematics 42 (3) on pages 255-256, DOI: 10.11865/zs.201715, http://zenodo.org/record/5360313
Evaluation of the Impact of Milk quota – Case Study Germany
Creators: name: Kleinhanss, Werner
name: Offermann, Frank
name: Ehrmann, Markus
name: Kleinhanss, Werner
name: Offermann, Frank
name: Ehrmann, Markus
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: milk quota
subject: agricultural policy
subject: structural change
subject: environmental impacts
subject: Milchquote
subject: Agrarpolitik
subject: Strukturwandel
subject: Umwelteffekte

description: Summary : At the time of the introduction of the quota system the structure of dairy production in Germany was rather unfavourable. Since 1993, German policy generally aimed at improving quota mobility. The introduction of transfers without land in 1993 facilitated farm growth and the transfer of resources and production to the better farm managers and to locations best suited for dairy production; however the latter was restricted by the regional limitations of the trading zones. The quota auctions introduced in 2000 significantly improved the transparency of quota markets. Larger regional shifts in production will be enabled by the recent reduction of the number of trading zones. Overall, structural change in dairy production has been strong (halving the number of dairy farms every ten years) despite the limitations by the quota system. Still many regions in Germany, notably the case study region of Bavaria, are characterised by small farm structure, where the main share of milk production is still realised by small and medium sized farms. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Zusammenfassung: Zur Zeit der Einführung des Quotensystems war die Struktur der Milchproduktion in Deutschland eher ungünstig. Durch die anfängliche strikte Flächenbindung der Quote wurden strukturelle Anpassungen behindert. Die Einführung des Quotentransfers ohne Land im Jahr 1993 erleichterte betriebliches Wachstum und die Verlagerung der Quote zu den besten Wirten und Standorten (innerhalb der Übertragungsgebiete). Mit der 2000 eingeführten Übertragung über Börsen wurde die Flächbindung aufgehoben und eine bessere Transparenz auf dem Quotenmarkt erreicht. Größere regionale Verlagerungen der Milcherzeugung ergeben sich seit Verringerung der Anzahl der Handelszonen seit 2007. Trotz der Beschränkungen durch das Quotensystem ist der Strukturwandel stark ausgeprägt mit einer annähernden Halbierung der Zahl der Milcherzeuger im Zehnjahreszeitraum.
Impact of Mobile Phone-based Money Transfer Services in Agriculture: Evidence from Kenya
Creators: name: Kirui, Oliver K.
name: Okello, Julius Juma
name: Nyikal, Rose Adhiambo
name: Kirui, Oliver K.
name: Okello, Julius Juma
name: Nyikal, Rose Adhiambo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Mobile phones
subject: Money Transfer
subject: M-PESA
subject: Impact
subject: Smallholder Farmers
subject: Kenya

description: The recent introduction of mobile phone-based money transfer (MMT) services in developing countries has generated a lot of interest among development partners. It facilitates transfer of money in a quick and cost effective way. It also offers an easy and secure platform for small savings to majority of rural populations with no access to formal financial services. However, the impact of MMT services on smallholder agriculture has not been documented. This study therefore contributes to pioneering literature on the impact of MMT, especially in agriculture. It provides information regarding financial intermediation to the excluded through the use of new generation Information Communication Technology (ICT) tools especially the mobile phone. The study employs propensity score matching technique to examine the impact of MMT services on household agricultural input use, agricultural commercialization and farm incomes among farm households in Kenya. It uses cross-sectional data collected from 379 multi-stage randomly selected households in Central, Western and Nyanza provinces of Kenya. The study found that use of MMT services significantly increased level of annual household input use by $42, household agricultural commercialization by 37% and household annual income by $224. We conclude that MMT services in rural areas help to resolve an idiosyncratic market failure that farmers face; access to financial services. We therefore recommend that other developing countries should follow the Kenyan model and provide an enabling environment that would facilitate entry and survival of MMT initiatives.
description: Information Communication Technology (ICT)