cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Rumex dentatus Linnaeus 1771
Creators: name: Jarvis, Charlie
Publisher: name: Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Polygonales
Polygonaceae
Rumex
Rumex dentatus

description: Rumex dentatus Linnaeus, Mantissa Plantarum Altera: 226. 1771.
"Habitat in Aegypto." RCN: 2584.
Lectotype (Graham in Turrill & Milne-Redhead, Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Polygonaceae: 9. 1958): Herb. Linn. No. 464.12 (LINN).
Current name: Rumex dentatus L. (Polygonaceae).
description: Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part R), pp. 785-805 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 803, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971
Additional file 4: of The Community Health Assessment Program in the Philippines (CHAP-P) diabetes health promotion program for low- to middle-income countries: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Agarwal, Gina
name: Angeles, Ricardo
name: Dolovich, Lisa
name: Kaczorowski, Janusz
name: Gaber, Jessica
name: Guenter, Dale
name: Arnuco, Floro
name: Lam, Hilton
name: Thabane, Lehana
name: OâReilly, Daria
name: Agbulos, Rodelin
name: Arciaga, Rosemarie
name: Barrera, Jerome
name: Gregorio, Elgie
name: Halili, Servando
name: Jalani, Norvie
name: Cristobal, Fortunato
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Consent Form â BHW. (DOCX 173 kb)
Probing For Machos of Mass $10^{-15}M_\odot$-$10^{-7}M_\odot$ with Gamma-Ray Burst Parallax Spacecraft
Creators: name: Nemiroff, Robert J.
name: Gould, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two spacecraft separated by $\sim 1\,\au$ and equipped with gamma-ray burst (GRB) detectors could detect or rule out a cosmological density of Massive Compact Halo Objects (MACHOs) in the mass range $10^{-15} M_{\odot}\lsim M \lsim 10^{-7} M_{\odot}$ provided that GRBs prove to be cosmological. Previously devised methods for detecting MACHOs have spanned the mass range $10^{-16} M_{\odot}\lsim M \lsim 10^{7} M_{\odot}$, but with a gap of several orders of magnitude near $10^{-9} M_{\odot}$. For MACHOs and sources both at a cosmological distance, the Einstein radius is $\sim 1\,\au\,(M/10^{-7} M_\odot)^{1/2}$. Hence, if a GRB lies within the Einstein ring of a MACHO of mass $M\lsim 10^{-7}M_\odot$ as seen by one detector, it will not lie in the Einstein ring as seen by a second detector $\sim 1\,\au$ away. This implies that if GRBs are measured to have significantly different fluxes by the two detectors, this would signal the presence of a MACHO $\lsim 10^{-7}M_\odot$. By the same token, if the two detectors measured similar fluxes for several hundred events a cosmological abundance of such low-mass MACHOs would be ruled out. The lower limit of sensitivity, $M\lsim 10^{-15}M_\odot$ is set by the finite size of the source. If low-mass MACHOs are detected, there are tests which can discriminate among events generated by MACHOs in the three mass ranges $M\lsim 10^{-12}\,M_\odot$, $10^{-12}\,M_\odot\lsim M\lsim 10^{-7}\,M_\odot$, and $M\gsim 10^{-7}\ M_\odot$. Further experiments would then be required to make more accurate mass measurements.
description: 8 pages, uuencoded postscript, no figures
Additional file 2: of A genome-wide association study for natural antibodies measured in blood of Canadian Holstein cows
Creators: name: Klerk, Britt De
name: Emam, Mehdi
name: Thompson-Crispi, Kathleen
name: Sargolzaei, Mehdi
name: Poel, Johan Van Der
name: Mallard, Bonnie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Hematology

description: Figure S2. Distribution of -Log10 P-values from single SNP analyses for natural antibody isotype IgG binding KLH for each chromosome, separately. The red line indicates FDR rate of 1% and green line indicates FDR rate of 5%. (PDF 3180 kb)
Additional file 2: of β-blockers and risk of all-cause mortality in patients with chronic heart failure and atrial fibrillation—a meta-analysis
Creators: name: Xu, Tianyu
name: Huang, Yuli
name: Zhou, Haobin
name: Bai, Yujia
name: Huang, Xingfu
name: Hu, Yunzhao
name: Xu, Dingli
name: Zhang, Yuhui
name: Zhang, Jian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Funnel plot of the comparison of β-blockers treatment versus no β-blockers treatment in patients with chronic heart failure and atrial fibrillation, outcomes: all-cause mortality. BBs: β-blockers; CI: confidence intervals; SE: standard error. (PDF 29 kb)
Anonymous transmission in a noisy quantum network using the W state
Creators: name: Lipinska, Victoria
name: Murta, Gláucia
name: Wehner, Stephanie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the task of anonymously transmitting a quantum message in a network. We present a protocol that accomplishes this task using the W state and we analyze its performance in a quantum network where some form of noise is present. We then compare the performance of our protocol with some of the existing protocols developed for the task of anonymous transmission. We show that, in many regimes, our protocol tolerates more noise and achieves higher fidelities of the transmitted quantum message than the other ones. Furthermore, we demonstrate that our protocol tolerates one non-responsive node. We prove the security of our protocol in a semi-active adversary scenario, meaning that we consider an active adversary and a trusted source.
description: 9 + 12 pages, 9 figures
Head-on collisions and orbital mergers of Proca stars
Creators: name: Sanchis-Gual, Nicolas
name: Herdeiro, Carlos
name: Font, José A.
name: Radu, Eugen
name: Di Giovanni, Fabrizio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Proca stars are self-gravitating Bose-Einstein condensates obtained as numerical stationary solutions of the Einstein-(complex)-Proca system. These solitonic can be both stable and form dynamically from generic initial data by the mechanism of gravitational cooling. In this paper we further explore the dynamical properties of these solitonic objects by performing both head-on collisions and orbital mergers of equal mass Proca stars, using fully non-linear numerical evolutions. For the head-on collisions, we show that the end point and the gravitational waveform from these collisions depends on the compactness of the Proca star. Proca stars with sufficiently small compactness collide leaving a stable Proca star remnant. But more compact Proca stars collide to form a transient ${\it hypermassive}$ Proca star, which ends up decaying into a black hole, albeit temporarily surrounded by Proca quasi-bound states. The unstable intermediate stage can leave an imprint in the waveform, making it distinct from that of a head-on collision of black holes. The final quasi-normal ringing matches that of Schwarzschild black hole, even though small deviations may occur, as a signature of sufficiently non-linear and long-lived Proca quasi-bound states. For the orbital mergers, the outcome also depends on the compactness of the stars. For most compact stars, the binary merger forms a Kerr black hole which retains part of the initial orbital angular momentum, being surrounded by a transient Proca field remnant; in cases with lower compactness, the binary merger forms a massive Proca star with angular momentum, but out of equilibrium. As in previous studies of (scalar) boson stars, the angular momentum of such objects appears to converge to zero as a final equilibrium state is approached.
description: v2. Paper extended to include also the analysis of orbital mergers. Title changed accordingly
EVV 2DIR: A Novel Approach For Protein Phosphorylation
Creators: name: Cheung, Michelle
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: The novel Electron-Vibration-Vibration Two-Dimensional InfraRed (EVV 2DIR) technique is a nonlinear spectroscopic method that measures the vibrational coupling spectrum in a way analogous to the measurement of spin couplings by 2D NMR methods. To date, the main focus of this work has been on the development of EVV 2DIR as a tool for high-throughput, label-free protein identification and absolute quantification. One of the most promising areas where EVV 2DIR technique can provide complementary information not available via other established proteomic methods is for the study of post-translational modifications. This spectroscopy has demonstrated absolute quantification of phosphorylation levels in peptides, something difficult to achieve with other methods. The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 is involved in orchestrating a variety of protein interactions in vivo that are key modulators of cell-cycle progression and that are often deregulated in cancer. The regulation of p27 is controlled by phosphorylation on serine, threonine and tyrosine residues thus providing a good model for EVV 2DIR studies.
Measuring the Cosmological Geometry from the Lyman Alpha Forest along Parallel Lines of Sight
Creators: name: McDonald, Patrick
name: Miralda-Escude, Jordi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the feasibility of measuring the cosmological metric using the redshift space correlation function of the Lya forest in multiple lines of sight, as a function of angular and velocity separation. The geometric parameter that is measured is f(z) = H(z) D(z)/c, where H(z) is the Hubble constant and D(z) the angular diameter distance at redshift z. The correlation function is computed in linear theory. We describe a method to measure it from observations with the Gaussianization procedure of Croft et al (1998) to map the Lya forest transmitted flux to an approximation of the linear density field. The effect of peculiar velocities on the shape of the recovered power spectrum is pointed out. We estimate the error in recovering the f(z) factor from observations due to the variance in the Lya absorbers. We show that ~ 20 pairs of quasars (separations < 3') are needed to distinguish a flat Ω_0=1 universe from a universe with Ω_0=0.2, Ω_Λ=0.8. A second parameter that is obtained from the correlation function of the Lya forest is β\simeq Ω(z)^{0.6}/b (affecting the magnitude of the peculiar velocities), where b is a linear theory bias of the Lya forest. The statistical error of f(z) is reduced if b can be determined independently from numerical simulations, reducing the number of quasar pairs needed for constraining cosmology to approximately six. On small scales, where the correlation function is higher, f(z) should be measurable with fewer quasars, but non-linear effects must then be taken into account. The anisotropy of the non-linear redshift space correlation function as a function of scale should also provide a precise quantitative test of the gravitational instability theory of the Lya forest.
description: submitted to ApJ
The Velocity Dispersion -- Temperature Correlation from a Limited Cluster Sample
Creators: name: Bird, Christina M.
name: Mushotzky, Richard F.
name: Metzler, Christopher A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most studies of correlations between X-ray and optical properties of galaxy clusters have used the largest samples of data available, regardless of the morphological types of clusters included. Given the increasing evidence that morphology is related to a cluster's degree of dynamical evolution, we approach the study of X-ray and optical correlations differently. We evaluate the relationship between velocity dispersion and temperature for a limited set of galaxy clusters taken from Bird (1994), which all possess dominant central galaxies and which have been explicitly corrected for the presence of substructure. We find that $σ_r \propto T^{0.61 \pm 0.13}$. We use a Monte Carlo computer routine to estimate the significance of this deviation from the $σ_r \propto T^{0.5}$ relationship predicted by the virial theorem. We find that the simulated correlation is steeper than the observed value only 4\% of the time, suggesting that the deviation is significant. The combination of protogalactic winds and dynamical friction reproduces nearly exactly the observed relationship between $σ_r$ and $T$.
description: 27 pages, LaTeX, requires aasms.sty and epsf.tex; accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal. 2 PostScript figures, as well as PostScript version of complete paper, available by anonymous ftp from ftp://kula.phsx.ukans.edu/
Rumex digynus Linnaeus, 1753, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1753
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Polygonales
Polygonaceae
Rumex
Rumex digynus

description: Rumex digynus, spec. nov.
 19. Rumex floribus hermaphroditis digynis. Hort. cliff. 138. Fl. suec. 294. Roy. lugdb. 230.
 Rumex foliis orbiculatis emarginatis. Fl. lapp. 132.
 Acetosa rotundifolia alpina. Bauh. pin. 55. prodr. 114.
 Acetosa repens vestmorlandica, cochleariae foliis nonnihil sinuatis. Pluk. alm.8. t.252. f.2.
 Acetosa britannica rotundifolia, fructu compresso. Blair. obs. 67. t.67.
 Habitat in Alpibus Lapponicis , Helveticis , Wallicis .    * * * Floribus diclinis.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1753, Species plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 337, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3931989
Closterocerus latiscapus Hansson 2022, sp.nov.
Creators: name: Hansson, Christer
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Eulophidae
Closterocerus
Closterocerus latiscapus

description: Closterocerus latiscapus sp.nov.
(Figs 116, 121)
 Diagnosis. Antenna flattened, scape short and wide, 2.2× as long as wide and widest in apical part, flagellum dark brown (Fig. 121); frons with upper border distinct (Fig. 121); pronotal collar without a carina along anterior margin (Fig. 116); midlobe of mesoscutum with weak reticulation and with two pairs of long and strong setae (Fig. 116); mesoscutellum with weak reticulation (Fig. 116); fore wing hyaline with an infuscate band below stigmal vein and one below median part of marginal vein (Fig. 116); coxae, femora and tibiae dark brown (Fig. 121); gaster ovate-elongate (Fig. 116); length of body female 1.3mm.
Female holotype: length of body 1.3mm.
Antenna dark brown. Frons golden-green. Vertex metallic bluish-green. Mesoscutum, mesoscutellum, dorsellum and propodeum metallic purple. Legs with coxae, femora and tibiae dark brown; tarsi infuscate with T4 darker. Fore wing hyaline with an infuscate band below stigmal vein and one below median part of marginal vein, hind wing hyaline. Petiole dark brown. Gastral tergite 1 metallic bluish, remaining tergites golden-purple.
Antenna flattened, scape widest in apical part. Frons with strong reticulation. Vertex with weak reticulation. Frontofacial suture V-shaped; frons with upper border distinct. Subtorular sutures present. Occipital margin rounded.
Pronotal collar without a carina along anterior margin. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum with weak reticulation; mesoscutum with notauli distinct in anterior one-third, midlobe two pairs of long and strong setae. Dorsellum convex and smooth. Propodeum smooth and shiny; callus with two setae. Fore wing speculum closed; without a stigmal hairline and radial cell with setae.
Petiole very short, just a narrow band. Gaster ovate-elongate; tergites smooth and shiny.
Relative measurements: head length dorsal 12.5; head length frontal 14.5; head width 28; POL 6.5; OOL 3.5; lateral ocellus maximum width 2; eye length 13; malar space 5.5; mouth width 9; mesosoma length 36; mesosoma width 22; mesoscutellum length 12.5; mesoscutellum width 11.5; fore wing length 65; fore wing width 38; marginal vein length 34; postmarginal vein length 4.5; stigmal vein length 5; fore wing marginal fringe length 3.5; gaster length 53; gaster width 24.
Male. Unknown.
 Hosts. Unknown.
 Distribution. Ecuador.
 Material examined.
Type material. Holotype ♀ “ ECUADOR: Napo, Quito-Baeza Road, 4000m, 18.ii.1983, Masner & Sharkey” (CNC).
 Etymology. From the Latin latus = wide, referring to the short and wide antennal scape.
description: Published as part of Hansson, Christer, 2022, Eulophidae Of Costa Rica (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), 4 The Genus Closterocerus Westwood S. Str., pp. 1-137 in Taxonomic Monographs on Neotropical Hymenoptera (Oxford, England) (Oxford, England) 1 (1) on pages 57-58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6464279
Reservoir Condition Pore Scale Imaging of Multiphase Flow using X-Ray Microtomography
Creators: name: Andrew, Matthew
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: This thesis presents the first method for the imaging of multiple fluid phases at conditions representative of subsurface flow by the use of X-ray micro-CT, focussing on four principal applications: (1) Capillary Trapping; (2) Ganglion Snap-off and remobilization; (3) Contact angle measurement; and (4) Dynamic phenomena associated with CO2 drainage. Firstly the pore-scale arrangement of CO2 after drainage and imbibition was imaged in three carbonates and two sandstones. In each sample substantial amounts of CO2 were trapped, showing that residual trapping can be used to locally immobilise CO2. The size distributions of larger residual ganglia obey power law distributions with exponents broadly consistent with percolation theory, over two orders of magnitude. To examine snap-off in more detail residual CO2 was imaged at high resolution in a single carbonate. The capillary pressures of residual ganglia were found to be inversely proportional to the radius of the largest restriction surrounding each ganglion. The remobilization of residual ganglia was assessed using a reformulation of both the capillary and Bond numbers, finding the majority of ganglia in this system were remobilized at reformulated capillary numbers of around 1. Thirdly this thesis presents the first method for the measurement of in-situ contact angle at realistic conditions by the use of micro-CT, applied to a single carbonate sample at 50oC and 10 MPa. Contact angles ranging from 35o to 55o were observed, indicating that the CO2-brine-carbonate system is weakly water-wet. Finally, we use fast synchrotron-based X-ray micro-CT to examine drainage into a brine saturated carbonate. The equilibrium capillary pressure change associated with drainage events is not sufficient to explain the accompanying snap-off, showing that dynamic forces can have a persistent impact on the pattern and sequence of the drainage process.
Additional file 1: of A genome-wide association study for natural antibodies measured in blood of Canadian Holstein cows
Creators: name: Klerk, Britt De
name: Emam, Mehdi
name: Thompson-Crispi, Kathleen
name: Sargolzaei, Mehdi
name: Poel, Johan Van Der
name: Mallard, Bonnie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Hematology

description: Figure S1. Distribution of -Log10 P-values from single SNP analyses for natural antibody isotype IgM binding KLH for each chromosome, separately. The red line indicates FDR rate of 1% and green line indicates FDR rate of 5%. (PDF 3430 kb)
Topological Phase Transition in Quantum Heat Engine Cycles
Creators: name: Fadaie, Mojde
name: Yunt, Elif
name: Müstecaplıoğlu, Özgür E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore signatures of a topological phase transition (TPT) in the work and efficiency of a quantum heat engine, which uses a single layer topological insulator, stanene, in an external electric field as a working substance. The magnitude of the electric field controls the trivial and topological insulator phases of the stanene. We investigate the effects of TPT in two types of thermodynamic cycles, with and without adiabatic stages. For the adiabatic case, we examine a quantum Otto cycle. We find that at the critical point of TPT both work and efficiency plots with respect to the strength of the electric field exhibit a kink. For a non-adiabatic case, we consider an idealized Stirling type cycle with two isothermal and two isoelectric processes. We find no signatures of the TPT unless a voltage bias is introduced to restrict the involved energy bands to the electronic manifold above the Fermi level. In this case, either above or below the critical point, both work and efficiency become zero depending on the relative magnitudes of the electric fields in the isoelectric stages.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures
A review of Cambrian lingulate brachiopods of England and Wales
Creators: name: Winrow, Paul
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: The taxonomy of Cambrian lingulate (phosphatic shelled) brachiopods from England and Wales are reviewed in detail for the first time in nearly a century. 37 linguliformean brachiopod species, assigned to 23 genera, are described; 19 taxa are recorded in open taxonomy. Giving provisional names, three new genera, Svenjaella, Alexellus and Kayleigha are erected and nine new species are described (Chapter 4). Detailed cladistic analysis supports previous reports that Acrotretidae is a paraphyletic grouping of brachiopods which gave rise to other families within the Acrotretoidea (Chapter 6). Curticiidae is identified as lying outside the Acrotretoidea. The remaining families are supported as valid taxonomic units, albeit with some potential minor revisions. A new Scaphelasmatidae-Ceratretidae clade is consistently recovered. Support for the previously proposed subfamilies Neotretinae and Linnarssoniinae is partially recovered. The preservation of polygonal imprints of epithelial cells in lingulate brachiopods is reviewed and supplemented by new data (Chapter 7). The imprints are confirmed as representing moulds of epithelial cells as they are best preserved in areas where the shell has been thickened, and are similar in size to cells recorded in Lingula, the closest living relative to the extinct acrotretoids. Analysis of the morphology and sizes of cell-moulds demonstrates that there is no consistent relationship between cell width and valve size, and that they are not a useful taxonomic character within this group. The distribution of lingulate brachiopods across the Iapetus region is analysed using a number of statistical measures (Chapter 8). Although lingulate brachiopods have traditionally been considered to be of little utility in assessing palaeobiogeography, this analysis shows a clear palaeobiogeographic signal where lingulate faunas are sufficiently diverse, reflecting the history of the Iapetus ocean and the relative separation of Laurentia and Baltica through the Cambrian and Ordovician and provides confirmatory evidence that Palaeozoic lingulates had long-lived planktotrophic larvae.
Oxyria digyna Hill 1768
Creators: name: Jarvis, Charlie
Publisher: name: Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Polygonales
Polygonaceae
Oxyria
Oxyria digyna

description: Rumex digynus Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 1: 337. 1753.
"Habitat in Alpibus Lapponicis, Helveticis, Wallicis." RCN: 2597.
Lectotype (Bhopal & Chaudhri in Pakistan Syst. 1(2): 89. 1977): Herb. Linn. No. 464.32 (LINN).
Current name: Oxyria digyna (L.) Hill (Polygonaceae).
Note: Jonsell & Jarvis (in Nordic J. Bot. 14: 154. 1994) designated Herb. Linn. No. 132 (LAPP) as lectotype but this choice is pre-dated by that of Bhopal & Chaudhri.
description: Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part R), pp. 785-805 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 803, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971
Modified Einstein's gravity to probe the sub- and super-Chandrasekhar limiting mass white dwarfs: a new perspective to unify under- and over-luminous type Ia supernovae
Creators: name: Kalita, Surajit
name: Mukhopadhyay, Banibrata
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Type Ia supernovae (SNeIa), used as one of the standard candles in astrophysics, are believed to form when the mass of the white dwarf approaches Chandrasekhar mass limit. However, observations in last few decades detected some peculiar SNeIa, which are predicted to be originating from white dwarfs of mass much less than the Chandrasekhar mass limit or much higher than it. Although the unification of these two sub-classes of SNeIa was attempted earlier by our group, in this work, we, for the first time, explain this phenomenon in terms of just one property of the white dwarf which is its central density. Thereby we do not vary the fundamental parameters of the underlying gravity model in the contrary to the earlier attempt. We effectively consider higher order corrections to the Starobinsky-$f(R)$ gravity model to reveal the unification. We show that the limiting mass of a white dwarf is $\sim M_\odot$ for central density $ρ_c \sim 1.4\times10^8$ g/cc, while it is $\sim 2.8M_\odot$ for $ρ_c \sim1.6\times 10^{10}$ g/cc under the same model parameters. We further confirm that these models are viable with respect to the solar system test. This perhaps enlightens very strongly the long standing puzzle lying with the predicted variation of progenitor mass in SNeIa.
description: 15 pages including 6 figures: published in JCAP
All-scale structural analysis of biomolecules through dynamical graph partitioning
Creators: name: Delmotte, Antoine Pierre Valere
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: From femtosecond bond vibrations to millisecond domain motions, the dynamics of biomolecules spans a wide range of time and length scales. This hierarchy of overlapping scales links the molecular and biophysical details to key aspects of their functionality. However, the span of scales combined with their intricate coupling rapidly drives atomic simulation methods to their limits, thereby often resulting in the need for coarse-graining techniques which cannot take full account of the biochemical details. To overcome this tradeoff, a graph-theoretical framework inspired by multiscale community detection methods and stochastic processes is here introduced for the analysis of protein and DNA structures. Using biophysical force fields, we propose a general mapping of the 3D atomic coordinates onto an energy-weighted network that includes the physico-chemical details of interatomic bonds and interactions.Making use of a dynamics-based approach for community detection on networks, optimal partitionings of the structure are identified which are biochemically relevant over different scales. The structural organisation of the biomolecule is shown to be recovered bottom-up over the entire range of chemical, biochemical and biologically meaningful scales, directly from the atomic information of the structure, and without any reparameterisation. This methodology is applied and discussed in five proteins and an ensemble of DNA quadruplexes. In each case, multiple conformations associated with different states of the biomolecule or stages of the underlying catalytic reaction are analysed. Experimental observations are shown to be correctly captured, including the functional domains, regions of the protein with coherent dynamics such as rigid clusters, and the spontaneous closure of some enzymes in the absence of substrate. A computational mutational analysis tool is also derived which identifies both known and new residues with a significant impact on ligand binding. In large multimeric structures, the methodology highlights patterns of long range communication taking place between subunits. In the highly dynamic and polymorphic DNA quadruplexes, key structural features for their physical stability and signatures of their unfolding pathway are identified in the static structure.
Computing complex horseshoes by means of piecewise maps
Creators: name: López, Álvaro G.
name: Daza, Álvar
name: Seoane, Jesús M.
name: Sanjuán, Miguel A. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A systematic procedure to numerically compute a horseshoe map is presented. This new method uses piecewise functions and expresses the required operations by means of elementary transformations, such as translations, scalings, projections and rotations. By repeatedly combining such transformations, arbitrarily complex folding structures can be created. We show the potential of these horseshoe piecewise maps to illustrate several central concepts of nonlinear dynamical systems, as for example the Wada property.
Satellites in Discs: Regulating the Accretion Luminosity
Creators: name: Syer, Dave
name: Clarke, Cathie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate, using a simple analytic model, that the presence of a massive satellite can globally modify the structure and emission properties of an accretion disc to which it is tidally coupled. We show, using two levels of numerical approximation, that the analytic model gives reasonable results. The results are applicable to two astrophysical situations. In the case of an active galactic nucleus, we consider the case of a $\sim 10^3\Msun$ compact companion to the central black-hole and show that it could modulate the emitted spectrum on a timescale of $\sim10^5$ years. In the case of a T Tauri accretion disc, a satellite such as a sub-dwarf or giant planet could modify the disc spectral energy distribution over a substantial fraction of the T Tauri star lifetime.
description: To appear in Monthly Notices, 9 pages PostScript, also available at http://www.cita.utoronto.ca/~syer/papers/
Neuroimaging studies of brain networks in Parkinson’s Disease
Creators: name: Loane, Clare
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common, disabling, neurodegenerative disease characterised by three core motor symptoms: tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia. These symptoms arise from degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) cells in the substantia nigra (SN) and the subsequent loss of dopaminergic terminals within the striatum, and circuits to cortical areas, critical in the control of movement. Other, non-DA systems are now known to be involved in the pathogenesis of PD, defective cognitive functions and side effects of DA medication treatments. Thus, the use of non-invasive in vivo techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has allowed a reliable, albeit in-direct method of assessing alterations in the PD brain. It is now widely considered that motor control is dependent upon the integrated operation of large-scale distributed brain networks. Recent methodological advances in MRI techniques allow both structural and functional connectivity between critical regions of motor control to be investigated and increase our understanding of the impact of PD pathology on motor networks and its subsequent effect on symptomatology. In this thesis, I present three studies that combine both structural and functional MRI techniques to assess the neural PD motor network and to test the general hypothesis that loss of effective motor control in PD arises from disrupted connectivity. I demonstrate in a sizable cross-sectional study that as disease burden increases, effective functioning in key motor areas and functional connectivity between regions in both the active and resting state is initially compromised but does show evidence of compensatory mechanisms. In addition, I show that compensatory mechanisms are likely to possess a neural reserve property rather than permit a period of normal functioning. Next, I present a follow-up study that assessed the active and resting neural motor network longitudinally. This study clearly shows that functional connectivity of the active and resting neural motor network is compromised as the disease progresses with evidence suggesting the initiation of compensatory mechanisms. Finally, structural properties of key regions related to PD pathology (substantia nigra and striatum) have been assessed to elucidate the effect of PD progression on diffusion indices and clinical symptoms. This work identifies the importance of multi-modal assessment of neural networks in PD to evaluate the effect of disease on neural motor control.
Self-Similar Temporal Behavior of Gamma-Ray Bursts
Creators: name: Beloborodov, A. M.
name: Stern, B. E.
name: Svensson, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply Fourier analysis to 214 light curves of long gamma-ray bursts and study the statistical properties of their power density spectra (PDSs). The averaged PDS is found to follow a power law of index -5/3 over almost 2 decades of frequency with a break at about 2 Hz. Individual PDSs are exponentially distributed around the power law. It provides evidence that the diversity of the bursts is due to random realizations of the same process which is self-similar over the full range of time-scales. The -5/3 slope of the average spectrum may indicate that gamma-ray bursts are related to a phenomenon well studied in hydrodynamics - fully developed turbulence.
description: accepted to ApJ Letters
title: ADCO, Cartulaire du prieuré de Saint-Vivant-sous-Vergy, dépendant de l’abbaye de Cluny (XIVe siècle), Cart. 231 (21 H), 40 folios, f. 0008v
Creators: name: de la Côte-d'Or, Archives départementales
name: CBMA/CG21/F.PETOT/2010
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: cartulaire
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge

description: Cartulaire du prieuré de Saint-Vivant-sous-Vergy, dépendant de l’abbaye de Cluny (XIVe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 231 (21 H), 40 folios. Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Cartulaire du prieuré de Saint-Vivant-sous-Vergy, dépendant de l’abbaye de Cluny (XIVe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 231 (21 H), 40 folios, f. 0008v, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi \[Ressource en ligne\], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye Saint-Vivant de Vergy
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q15945018
Enhanced light-matter interactions in laser systems incorporating metal-based optical confinement
Creators: name: Sidiropoulos, Themistoklis
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: The aim of plasmonics is to exploit the strong coupling between photons and collective electron oscillations in metals, so-called surface plasmon polaritons, which enable a strong confinement of the electromagnetic field to metal-dielectric interfaces. The interaction of confined optical states with electronic transitions within matter accelerates these otherwise slow light-matter interactions. This work’s purpose is to investigate accelerated light-matter interactions within plasmonic lasers, which arise due to optical confinement, and how these influence laser dynamics. In particular, this work focuses on the fabrication, demonstration and characterisation of plasmonic lasers. The devices investigated in this work consist of semiconductor nanowires made from zinc oxide (ZnO) placed in the proximity of a silver substrate. In this geometry the metal allows for strong optical confinement, whereas the semiconductor delivers the necessary gain to achieve lasing. Operating at room temperature, the emission from ZnO lies near the surface plasmon frequency, where confinement and loss become maximal, leading to accelerated spontaneous recombination, gain switching and gain recovery compared with conventional - photonic - ZnO nanowire lasers. To assess the lasing dynamics, in this work a novel double-pump spectroscopy technique is used, which exploits the non-linearity of the laser process to allow the investigation of accelerated light-matter interactions. This novel technique is necessary, as the speed of plasmonic devices is too fast for electrical detection, and the emission of single devices is too weak for non-linear spectroscopic techniques. Comparing photonic and plasmonic devices reveals contrasting dynamics between both, highlighting the benefits of plasmonic confinement, but also exposing an important limitation. Plasmonic devices could potentially be faster, but are ultimately limited by internal relaxation processes of the chosen gain medium. The findings of this work will improve the understanding of plasmonic lasers and their limitations, but also lead to improved knowledge of internal semiconductor processes.
Feasibility of Measuring the Cosmological Constant Lambda and Mass Density Omega using Type Ia Supernovae
Creators: name: Goobar, Ariel
name: Perlmutter, Saul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the feasibility of resurrecting the apparent magnitude-redshift relation for a ``standard candle'' to measure the cosmological constant and mass density. We show that type Ia supernovae, if measured with 0.15 mag uncertainty out to a redshift of z=1, may provide a good standard candle or calibrated candle for this purpose. The recent discovery of probable type Ia supernovae in the redshift range z=0.3 to 0.5 (Perlmutter 1994a, and 1994b) indicates that the flux of optical photons from these events can be measured this accurately. The 7 distant supernovae discovered to date do not by themselves distinguish between different cosmological models, however the further discovery of about 50 type Ia supernovae at redshifts in the range $0.5 \leq z \leq 1.0 $ could strongly constrain the allowed range of these parameters. We estimate that the follow-up photometry necessary for this measurement would be on the order of 20 - 70 hours of time on a 10-meter class telescope at a site with good seeing.
description: Latex using aasms.sty with links to four encapsulated postcript files uuencoded compressed. Complete postscript version also available at http://www-supernova.lbl.gov/public/index.html Accepted Ap.J. To appear 1 Sept 1995
Exploring compensated isocurvature perturbations with CMB spectral distortion anisotropies
Creators: name: Haga, Taku
name: Inomata, Keisuke
name: Ota, Atsuhisa
name: Ravenni, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a linear perturbation theory for the spectral $y$-distortions of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The $y$-distortions generated during the recombination epoch are usually negligible because the energy transfer due to the Compton scattering is strongly suppressed at that time, but they can be significant if there is a considerable amount of compensated isocurvature perturbation (CIP), which is not tightly constrained from the present CMB observations. The linear $y$-distortions explicitly depend on the baryon density fluctuations, therefore $y$ anisotropies can completely resolve the degeneracy between the baryon isocurvature perturbations and the cold dark matter ones. This novel method is free from lensing contaminations that can affect the previous approach to the CIPs based on the nonlinear modulation of the CMB anisotropies. We compute the cross correlation functions of the $y$-distortions with the CMB temperature and the $E$ mode polarization anisotropies. They are sensitive to the correlated CIPs parameterized by $f'\equiv\mathcal P_{\rm CIPζ}/\mathcal P_{ζζ}$ with $\mathcal P_{ζζ}$ and $\mathcal P_{\rm CIPζ}$ being the auto correlation of the adiabatic perturbations and the cross correlation between them and the CIPs. We investigate how well the $y$ anisotropies will constrain $f'$ in future observations such as those provided by a PIXIE-like and a PRISM-like survey, LiteBIRD and a cosmic variance limited (CVL) survey, taking into account the degradation in constraining power due to the presence of Sunyaev Zel'dovich effect from galaxy clusters. For example, our forecasts show that it is possible to achieve an upper limit of $f'< 2 \times 10^{5}$ at 68% C.L. with LiteBIRD, and $f'<2\times 10^{4}$ with CVL observations.
description: 26 pages, 4 figures; v3: the effect of sky-cut is taken into account, JCAP published version
Ab-initio prediction of the melting point of organic solids
Creators: name: Velliou, Rallia-Iliana
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: The melting point is one of the most fundamental and practically important properties of a compound. For this reason molecular simulation methods have been developed aiming towards accurate computation of melting points. Knowledge of the melting point before a compound has been synthesized could significantly accelerate the design of new materials. Generally, the molecular simulation methods developed so far for the computation of melting points are not fully predictive, since they require an experimental crystal structure as input. An interesting and challenging task is the prediction of the melting point of a compound from first principles- given just the molecular diagram. In this work, the concept of predicting the melting point of a given organic compound using as an input a computationally obtained crystal structure is investigated. To ensure reliable predictions, it is essential to develop an understanding of how the level of detail of the force fields in terms of crystal structure (CSP) prediction as well in melting point prediction affects the accuracy of the calculations. To explore these requirements the proposed approach in this work combines the application of a CSP multistage methodology developed by the Molecular Systems Engineering group at Imperial College and the freeze method which was recently developed in the group. Using the proposed approach, two different force fields are employed in this study. Initially, the freeze method is applied to the well known Lennard-Jones potential. Moving on to an organic compound, the case of benzene is investigated. A CSP search is performed and the computational structure is used for the freeze method. Proper choice of force field can affect the agreement with experimental data. For this reason two different force fields are employed in this part of the study, a standard CSP force field and a version of the OPLS force field.
Efficient Calculation of Non-Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium Effects in Multithreaded Hydrodynamic Simulations of Solar Flares
Creators: name: Reep, Jeffrey W.
name: Bradshaw, Stephen J.
name: Crump, Nicholas A.
name: Warren, Harry P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding the dynamics of the solar chromosphere is crucial to understanding energy transport across the solar atmosphere. The chromosphere is optically thick at many wavelengths and described by non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE), making it difficult to interpret observations. Furthermore, there is considerable evidence that the atmosphere is filamented, and that current instruments do not sufficiently resolve small scale features. In flares, it is likely that multithreaded models are required to describe the heating. The combination of NLTE effects and multithreaded modeling requires computationally demanding calculations, which has motivated the development of a model that can efficiently treat both. We describe the implementation of a solver in a hydrodynamic code for the hydrogen level populations that approximates the NLTE solutions. We derive an accurate electron density across the atmosphere, that includes the effects of non-equilibrium ionization for helium and metals. We show the effects on hydrodynamic simulations, which are used to synthesize light curves using a post-processing radiative transfer code. We demonstrate the utility of this model on IRIS observations of a small flare. We show that the Doppler shifts in Mg II, C II, and O I can be explained with a multithreaded model of loops subjected to electron beam heating, so long as NLTE effects are treated. The intensities, however, do not match observed values very well, which is due to assumptions about the initial atmosphere. We briefly show how altering the initial atmosphere can drastically alter line profiles, and therefore derived quantities, and suggest that it should be tuned to pre-flare observations.
description: Now accepted to ApJ. Comments and criticisms encouraged!
Integrated analysis of FHIT gene alterations in cancer
Creators: name: Simón-Carrasco, Lucía
name: Pietrini, Elena
name: López-Contreras, Andrés J.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: The Fragile Histidine Triad Diadenosine Triphosphatase (FHIT) gene is located in the Common Fragile Site FRA3B and encodes an enzyme that hydrolyzes the dinucleotide Ap3A. Although FHIT loss is one of the most frequent copy number alterations in cancer, its relevance for cancer initiation and progression remains unclear. FHIT is frequently lost in cancers from the digestive tract, which is compatible with being a cancer driver event in these tissues. However, FHIT loss could also be a passenger event due to the inherent fragility of the FRA3B locus. Moreover, the physiological relevance of FHIT enzymatic activity and the levels of Ap3A is largely unclear. We have conducted here a systematic pan-cancer analysis of FHIT status in connection with other mutations and phenotypic alterations, and we have critically discussed our findings in connection with the literature to provide an overall view of FHIT implications in cancer.