cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Near-infrared spectroscopy of stellar populations in nearby spiral galaxies
Creators: name: Kotilainen, J. K.
name: Hyvonen, T.
name: Reunanen, J.
name: Ivanov, V. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present high spatial resolution, medium spectral resolution near-infrared (NIR) H- and K-band long-slit spectroscopy for a sample of 29 nearby (z < 0.01) inactive spiral galaxies, to study the composition of their NIR stellar populations. These spectra contain a wealth of diagnostic stellar absorption lines, e.g. MgI 1.575 micron, SiI 1.588 micron, CO (6-3) 1.619 micron, MgI 1.711 micron, NaI 2.207 micron, CaI 2.263 micron and the 12CO and 13CO bandheads longward of 2.29 micron. We use NIR absorption features to study the stellar population and star formation properties of the spiral galaxies along the Hubble sequence, and we produce the first high spatial resolution NIR HK-band template spectra for low redshift spiral galaxies along the Hubble sequence. These templates will find applications in a variety of galaxy studies. The strength of the absorption lines depends on the luminosity and/or temperature of stars and, therefore, spectral indices can be used to trace the stellar population of galaxies. The entire sample testifies that the evolved red stars completely dominate the NIR spectra, and that the hot young star contribution is virtually nonexistent.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures. Accepted to MNRAS. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:astro-ph/0403133
title: Falklands, Battle of the
title: Falklands, Battle of the
Creators: name: Halpern, Paul G.
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: o.P. Falklandinseln / Seeschlacht [1914]
subject: o.P. Falkland Islands, Battle of the, 1914

description: During the Battle of the Falklands, the British naval force commanded by Admiral Sturdee defeated the German force under Admiral von Spee off the Falkland Islands on 8 December 1914.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
title: The group-ishness of voting: preferences towards group membership, within-group authority, and between-group hierarchy shape and predict the way we vote
Creators: name: Baron, Denise
Publisher: name: London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)
Year: 2022

description: Attempts to understand and predict voting have often pitted potential explanations against each other: policies versus partisanship, identities versus ideologies. This thesis, instead, suggests a pluralist framework of group-ishness, which highlights the role of group membership, coordination, and competition in our political cognition and behaviour. Instead of putting prominent theories in competition with each other, research on this topic integrates group identities (i.e. national identification and partisan affiliation), orientations towards authority within a group (i.e. authoritarianism), and preferences for the distribution of rights and resources between groups (i.e. egalitarianism). This thesis provides an argument for why group-based preferences are so strongly linked to voting decisions, experimentally tests this framework with a series of survey experiments and validates it with actual election results. The findings indicate that our group-based preferences influence our voting decisions and perceptions of candidates and can also be used to predict election results. The first paper employs a discrete choice experiment and identifies shared group-based preferences as highly influential on voting decisions. Beginning with a broad consideration of social feelings, perceptions, and commitments, the first study in this paper confirms the importance of group-based preferences based on the commitment to a shared group and to principles for distributing power and resources within the shared group as well as between groups. The second paper confirms that shared group-based commitments are underlying voters’ perceptions of similarity with candidates as well as vote intention, more so than shared socio-demographic characteristics. This paper also considers perceived similarity alongside the traditional candidate traits of competence and warmth, and the results indicate perceived similarity is more closely linked to vote intention than candidate warmth or competence. The third paper considers this framework within actual election contexts and explores the relative predictive ability of such a framework for vote choice and election results as compared with traditional predictors of political ideology and demographics. Overall, these findings contribute to the growing literature on the group-based foundations of our political preferences and behaviours, contributing evidence of both causal links and application to actual election contexts.
Evaluation of Brain Rotational Injury Criteria (BrIC) in vehicle frontal crashes
Creators: name: Prasad, Priya
name: Barbat, Saeed D.
name: Kalra, Anil
name: Kim, Agnes S.
name: Dalmotas, Dainius D.
name: Zhang, Liying
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Mental Health

description: The objective of this study was to estimate strains in the human brain in regulatory, research, and due care frontal crashes by simulating those impacts. In addition, brain strain simulations were estimated for belted human volunteer tests and in impacts between two players in National Football League (NFL), some with no injury and some with mild Traumatic Brain Injuries (mTBI). The brain strain responses were determined using version 5 of the Global Human Body Modeling Consortium (GHBMC) 50th percentile human brain model. One hundred and sixty simulations with the brain model were conducted using rotational velocities and accelerations of Anthropomorphic Test Devices (ATD’s) or those of human volunteers in sled or crash tests, as inputs to the model and strain related responses like Maximum Principal Strains (MPS) and Cumulative Strain Damage Measure (CSDM) in various regions of the brain were monitored. The simulated vehicle tests ranged from sled tests at 24 and 32 kph delta-V with three-point belts without airbags to full scale crash and sled tests at 56 kph and a series of Research Mobile Deformable Barrier (RMDB) tests described in Prasad et al. The severity of rotational input into the model as represented by BrIC, averaged between 0.5 and 1.2 for the various test conditions, and as high as 1.5 for an individual case. The MPS responses for the various test conditions averaged between 0.28 and 0.86 and as high as 1.3 in one test condition. The MPS responses in the brain for volunteers, low velocity sled, and NCAP tests were similar to those in the no-mTBI group in the NFL cases and consistent with real world accident data. The MPS responses of the brain in angular crash and sled tests were similar to those in the mTBI group. The brain strain estimations do not indicate the likelihood of severe-to-fatal brain injuries in the crash environments studied in this paper. However, using the risk functions associated with BrIC, severe-to-fatal brain injuries (AIS4+) are predicted in several environments in which they are not observed or expected.
title: Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA)
title: Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA)
Creators: name: Hanna, Emma
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: o.P. World Alliance of Young Men's Christian Associations
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: o.P. Young Men's Christian associations
subject: World War, 1914-1918

description: The YMCA was a Christian charitable organization that provided a range of rest and recreational facilities for soldiers in Britain and on various fronts during the war.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Resolving the Puzzle of the Underissuance of National Bank Notes
Creators: name: Calomiris, Charles W.
name: Mason, Joseph R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Finance
Banks and banking

description: The puzzle of underissuance of national bank notes disappears when one disaggregates data, takes account of regulatory limits, and considers differences in opportunity costs. Banks with poor lending opportunities maximized their issuance. Other banks chose to limit issuance. Redemption costs do not explain cross-sectional variation in issuance and the observed relationship between note issuance and excess reserves is inconsistent with the redemption risk hypothesis of underissuance. National banks did not enter primarily to issue national bank notes, and a "pure arbitrage" strategy of chartering a national bank only to issue national bank notes would not have been profitable. Indeed, new entrants issued less while banks exiting were often maximum issuers. Economies of scope between note issuing and deposit banking included shared overhead costs and the ability to reduce costs of mandatory minimum reserve and capital requirements.
Screwed up: Spirality of segments and other iterated structures suggest an underlying principle of seriality in bilaterians
Creators: name: Scholtz, Gerhard
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Annelida
subject: Arthropoda
subject: Cestoda
subject: helicomery
subject: limbs
subject: 570 Biologie

description: This review deals with helicomery, that is, the specific malformation of a spiral arrangement of segments and other serial structures. Helicomery was first described in annelid and arthropod body segments. However, corresponding patterns occur in arthropod appendages and other bilaterians with serially arranged body parts, such as tapeworms, nematodes, vertebrates, and probably chitons. The specifics of the spirals such as length, orientation, and handedness are described. Most spirals are dorsal and comprise only a few loops. Helicomery is formed by a shift of cells during development or in adults caused by changes in cell adhesion or mechanical impacts such as lesions. A model for the formation of helicomery is proposed, which is based on medieval church labyrinths. These complex spiral structures are derived from concentric lines by the shift of relatively few tiles. This principle of “small causes, great effect” also applies to “spiral segments,” because helicomery dissolves segmental patterns and questions the concept of segments as distinct structures. The widespread occurrence of helicomery in nonhomologous serial structures might indirectly indicate an underlying principle of seriality among Bilateria.
Trade and Inequality in India
Creators: name: Krishna, Pravin
name: Sethupathy, Guru
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Economics

description: To study the effects of the dramatic economic reforms undertaken in India in the early 1990s on inequality, this paper uses the Theil inequality measure constructed using Indian household expenditure survey data from 1988-2005. Overall inequality shows some variation over the period, rising between 1988 and 1994 and again between 1994 and 2000, but falling by 2005 to roughly the pre-reform level. Furthermore, in the post reform period (between 1994 and 2005), inequality fell in most Indian states, with rural areas in most states and urban areas in about half the states experiencing a statistically significant reduction in inequality. The change in inequality across households within states is found to uncorrelated with the change in state-level measures of tariff and non-tariff protection.
title: Labor (Germany)
title: Labor (Germany)
Creators: name: Welskopp, Thomas
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: o.P. Deutschland
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Arbeiter
subject: o.P. World War, 1914-1918--Social aspects--Germany
subject: Labor movement

description: The German Reich fell short of integrating representatives of the workers into its administrative war effort, leaving consent to the conflict a matter of symbolic politics. Only after 1916 was the labor movement assigned functions in the newly founded workers’ councils. Reich authorities never managed to set up a truly efficient war economy, and this pertained to labor as well. Misappropriations and fluctuation mounted. In addition, the supply of basic provisions all but broke down. In many cases, production was seriously hampered by patchwork working crews, hunger and fatigue. As a result, morale dropped and pre-revolutionary sentiment grew in 1917 and early 1918 when the Treaty of Brest-Litowsk signaled the Reich’s determination to prolong the war at all cost.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Investigating the molecular basis of cleptobiosis in eusocial stingless bees (Apidae: Hymenoptera) - Supplementary Material
Creators: name: Ricardo, Paulo Cseri
name: Araujo, Natalia de Souza
name: Arias, Maria Cristina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Genomics and transcriptomics
Gene expression (incl. microarray and other genome-wide approaches)
Animal behaviour
Invertebrate biology

description: Supplementary material for the work "Investigating the molecular basis of cleptobiosis in eusocial stingless bees (Apidae: Hymenoptera)". It includes a file: - Supplementary Material 1: Table with the annotation of potentially contaminant SuperTranscripts identified for Lestrimelitta limao, Nannotrigona testaceicornis, Scaptotrigona aff. depilis, and Tetragonisca angustula.
India: Election Outcomes and Economic Performance
Creators: name: Gupta, Poonam
name: Panagariya, Arvind
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Economics
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: In this paper we provide the first analysis of the relationship of growth to election outcomes in India. Using a comprehensive data set consisting of all candidates contesting the election, we also provide the first systematic quantitative analysis of the 2009 Lok Sabha elections. Our key result is that superior growth performance at the level of the state gives a definite advantage to the candidates of the state incumbent party in the constituencies of that state. Conversely, poor growth performance of a state is associated with poor electoral performance by the candidates of the state incumbent party in the constituencies of that state. We offer two additional results: personal characteristics such as education and wealth have at most a small impact on election outcomes; and, at least in the 2009 election, incumbency at all levels contributed positively to election prospects of a candidate.
Microlocal limits of Eisenstein functions away from the unitarity axis
Creators: name: Dyatlov, Semyon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider a surface M with constant curvature cusp ends and its Eisenstein functions E_j(λ). These are the plane waves associated to the j-th cusp and the spectral parameter λ, (Δ- 1/4 - λ^2)E_j = 0. We prove that as Reλ\to \infty and Imλ\to ν> 0, E_j converges microlocally to a certain naturally defined measure decaying exponentially along the geodesic flow. In particular, for a sequence of λ's corresponding to scattering resonances, we find the microlocal limit of resonant states with energies away from the real line. This statement is similar to quantum unique ergodicity (QUE), which holds in certain other situations; however, the proof uses only the structure of the infinite ends, not the global properties of the geodesic flow. As an application, we also show that the scattering matrix tends to zero in strips separated from the real line.
description: 21 pages; to appear in Journal of Spectral Theory
title: Coffee
title: Coffee
Creators: name: Wierling, Dorothee
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: o.P. Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Kaffee
subject: Geschichte
subject: o.P. World War, 1914-1918
subject: Coffee

description: Before World War I, coffee had become a popular drink in countries in the northern hemisphere, but when the war broke out, it was not regarded as an essential commodity. This article describes the impact of the war both in regard to international trade and consumption of coffee.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
title: Dayal, Har
title: Dayal, Har
Creators: name: Singh, Sunit
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: o.P. Har Dayal
subject: Dayal, Har, 1884-1939

description: Har Dayal was one of the chief architects of a quixotically sketched blueprint to effect a republican-socialist revolution in British India during the First World War.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Recreational angler satisfaction: What drives it?
Creators: name: Birdsong, Max
name: Hunt, Len
name: Arlinghaus, Robert
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: angler behaviour
subject: human dimensions
subject: motivation
subject: satisfaction
subject: 590 Tiere (Zoologie)

description: Satisfaction is the reward that recreational anglers receive from their experiences, and it constitutes a relevant management target. Angler satisfaction also shapes preferences for regulations, compliance with rules and general angler behaviours. Because of its central role in recreational fisheries management, it is important to understand what drives angler satisfaction. Our objective was to study the catch and non-catch-related determinants of recreational angler satisfaction using a standardized literature search and synthesizing the literature using meta-analytical techniques. After identifying and screening 279 papers, we obtained K = 172 effect sizes extracted from N = 23 studies that met our inclusion criteria. A three-level random-effects model on Pearson's R, derived from studies relating component satisfaction to overall satisfaction assuming a sum-of-satisfaction model, was fitted. The aggregated effect sizes revealed that catch-related (i.e. catch rate, size of caught fish, fish harvest) and two non-catch-related components (i.e. access to fishing sites and crowding) were most related to angler satisfaction. Other non-catch components (e.g. environmental quality, facilities, perception of relaxation quality) also contributed to angler satisfaction but were of less importance, more variable across studies and in some cases not significant (e.g. perceived water quality, quality of social experience). We conclude changes to access to fishing sites, crowding and a reduction in catch qualities, will in many cases produce dissatisfied anglers. In the absence of local studies, focusing management attention on these components can be recommended if the aim is to satisfy anglers or avoid managerial or social issues that emerge from dissatisfied anglers.
Heavy Flavor Simplified Models at the LHC
Creators: name: Essig, Rouven
name: Izaguirre, Eder
name: Kaplan, Jared
name: Wacker, Jay G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a comprehensive set of simplified models that contribute to final states with top and bottom quarks at the LHC. These simplified models are used to create minimal search strategies that ensure optimal coverage of new heavy flavor physics involving the pair production of color octets and triplets. We provide a set of benchmarks that are representative of model space, which can be used by experimentalists to perform their own optimization of search strategies. For data sets larger than 1/fb, same-sign dilepton and 3b search regions become very powerful. Expected sensitivities from existing and optimized searches are given.
description: 33 pages, 17 figures, 5 tables
Relationship Banking and the Pricing of Financial Services
Creators: name: Calomiris, Charles W.
name: Pornrojnangkool, Thanavut
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Finance
Banks and banking

description: We investigate how banking relationships that combine lending and underwriting services affect the terms of lending, through both loan supply- and loan demand-side effects, and the underwriting costs of debt and equity issues. We capture and control for firm characteristics, including differences in the sequences of firm financing decisions (which we argue are likely to capture important cross-sectional heterogeneity, and which previously have been ignored in the literature). We construct a structural model of lending, which separately identifies loan supply and loan demand. Our approach results in significant improvement in the explanatory power of our regressions when compared to prior studies. We find no evidence that universal banks under-price loans to win underwriting business. Instead, we find that universal banks charge premiums for loans and underwriting services to extract value from combined lending and underwriting relationships. We also find that universal banks (as opposed to stand alone investment banks) enjoy cost advantages in both lending and underwriting, irrespective of relationship benefits. Part of the advantage borrowers may enjoy from bundling products may be a form of liquidity risk insurance, which is manifested in a reduced demand for lines of credit. We also find evidence of a "road show" effect; firms that engage in debt underwritings enjoy loan pricing discounts on the loans that are negotiated at times close to the debt underwritings.
title: Battisti, Cesare
title: Battisti, Cesare
Creators: name: Saltori, Mirko
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Battisti, Cesare
subject: Battisti, Cesare, 1875-1916

description: Cesare Battisti was the leader of the socialist party of the Italian Tirol (Trentino) and, from 1911, a member of the Austrian parliament. At the outbreak of war he went to Italy to engage in pro-intervention propaganda. In 1915 he joined the Italian Army. Taken prisoner by the Austrians, he was executed in Trento on 12 July 1916. His death had great resonance.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Profiting from Government Stakes in a Command Economy: Evidence from Chinese Asset Sales
Creators: name: Calomiris, Charles W.
name: Fisman, Raymond J.
name: Wang, Yongxiang
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Economics

description: We document the market response to an unexpected announcement of proposed sales of government-owned shares in China. In contrast to the "privatization premium" found in earlier work, we find a negative effect of government ownership on returns at the announcement date and a symmetric positive effect in response to the announced cancellation of the government sell-off. We argue that this results from the absence of a Chinese political transition to accompany economic reforms, so that the positive effects on profits of political ties through government ownership outweigh the potential efficiency costs of government shareholdings. Companies with former government officials in management have positive abnormal returns, suggesting that personal ties can substitute for the benefits of government ownership. The "privatization discount" is higher for firms located in Special Economic Zones, where local government discretionary authority is highest. This is consistent with the view that firms in these locations are more dependent on government connections. We also find that companies with relatively high welfare payments to employees, which presumably would fall with privatization, benefit disproportionately from the privatization announcement.
Self-assembly scenarios of patchy colloidal particles
Creators: name: Doppelbauer, G.
name: Noya, E. G.
name: Bianchi, E.
name: Kahl, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The rapid progress in precisely designing the surface decoration of patchy colloidal particles offers a new, yet unexperienced freedom to create building entities for larger, more complex structures in soft matter systems. However, it is extremely difficult to predict the large variety of ordered equilibrium structures that these particles are able to undergo under the variation of external parameters, such as temperature or pressure. Here we show that, by a novel combination of two theoretical tools, it is indeed possible to predict the self-assembly scenario of patchy colloidal particles: on one hand, a reliable and efficient optimization tool based on ideas of evolutionary algorithms helps to identify the ordered equilibrium structures to be expected at T = 0; on the other hand, suitable simulation techniques allow to estimate via free energy calculations the phase diagram at finite temperature. With these powerful approaches we are able to identify the broad variety of emerging self-assembly scenarios for spherical colloids decorated by four patches and we investigate and discuss the stability of the crystal structures on modifying in a controlled way the tetrahedral arrangement of the patches.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, Soft Matter Communication (accepted)
Venture Capital as Human Resource Management
Creators: name: Carvalho, Antonio Geldson De
name: Calomiris, Charles W.
name: Matos, Joao Amaro De
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Economics

description: Venture capitalists add value to portfolio firms by obtaining and transferring information about senior managers across firms over time. Information transfer occurs on a significant scale and takes place both among a single venture capitalist‘s portfolio firms and between different venture capitalists‘ firms via a network of venture capitalists, which venture capitalists use to locate and relocate managers. Cross-sectional differences are associated with differences in the intensity with which venture capitalists network. The observable factors relevant in explaining the intensity with which venture capitalists network include: 1) the value of the information transmitted through the network, 2) the riskiness of the activities of portfolio firms, 3) the size of the venture capital fund, 4) the degree of difficulty in enticing executives to manage portfolio firms, and 5) the reputation of the venture capitalist for successfully recycling managers. These factors reflect costs and benefits to venture capitalists of participating in the network.
Confinement: a real-time visualization
Creators: name: Cai, Zi
name: Wu, Congjun
name: Schollwöck, U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Due to the mechanism of confinement, as known from quantum chromodynamics, it is difficult to observe individual particles carrying fractional quantum number (e.g. quark with fractional electric charge). A condensed matter example of fractionalized particles is spinons in quasi-one-dimensional spin systems, which are domain walls in the background of Neel configurations carrying spin-1/2. Using the time-evolving block decimation algorithm, we visualize the nontrivial domain wall dynamics induced by the confine mechanism in a two-leg spin-1/2 ladder. It can be illustrated by a simple single-particle picture of Bloch oscillation, not only qualitatively but also quantitatively. We propose the experimental realization and the real time detection of the domain wall dynamics in the ultra-cold boson systems of $^{87}$Rb.
description: 4.1 pages, 5 figures
Interpreting the Story Old Timber Can Tell: An Example from a ‘Venetian’ Building in Nafplio
Creators: name: Makris, Panagiotis
name: Christopoulou, Anastasia
name: Konidi, Amalia-Maria
name: Gmińska-Nowak, Barbara
name: Tsakanika, Eleftheria
name: Ważny, Tomasz
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: The current study is a dendroarchaeological/dendroarchitectural investigation of the remains of a historically important multi-phase building, nicknamed ‘Enetiko’, located in Nafplio. Timber was used for the floors, the roof, and timber-framed walls of the building. Timber elements were also embedded in masonry. Particularly important are the architraves; ground storey timber lintels on the southern façade. According to prior research, the earliest phase was thought to date to the early 18th century with a later 19th century modification. Therefore, we applied dendrochronology to check whether it represents an early construction phase of the building and to confirm the previously mentioned different phases. Timber examination revealed six tree species and 60% of the 85 samples collected in total were dated. Imported deciduous oaks (Quercus spp.), dated c.1530 or after, represent an early Venetian or Ottoman phase of the building. Turkish origin of oaks suggests Ottoman period. Imported fir, most likely Abies alba, was dated in the 17th and 18th centuries. Black pine (Pinus nigra) from Greece and juniper (Juniperus sp.) from the East were used in interventions of the late 19th and 20th centuries.
Banker Fees and Acquisition Premia for Targets in Cash Tender Offers: Challenges to the Popular Wisdom on Banker Conflicts
Creators: name: Calomiris, Charles W.
name: Hitscherich, Donna M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Economics

description: We analyze data on fees paid to investment bankers and acquisition premia paid for targets in cash tender offers. Our results are broadly consistent with the predictions of a benign view of the role of investment banks in advising acquisition targets. Fees to investment banks are correlated with attributes of transactions and target firms in ways that make sense if banks are being paid for processing information. The more contingent (and, therefore, risky) the fees, the higher they tend to be, all else held constant. Variation in acquisition premia also can be explained by fundamental deal attributes. Contrary to the jaundiced view of fairness opinions, greater fixity of fees is not associated with higher acquisition premia, and there is no evidence that investment banks are suborned by acquirors with whom they have had a prior banking relationship.
Photon Pair Generation in Silicon Micro-Ring Resonator with Reverse Bias Enhancement
Creators: name: Engin, Erman
name: Bonneau, Damien
name: Natarajan, Chandra M.
name: Clark, Alex
name: Tanner, M. G.
name: Hadfield, R. H.
name: Dorenbos, Sanders N.
name: Zwiller, Val
name: Ohira, Kazuya
name: Suzuki, Nobuo
name: Yoshida, Haruhiko
name: Iizuka, Norio
name: Ezaki, Mizunori
name: O'Brien, Jeremy L.
name: Thompson, Mark G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photon sources are fundamental components for any quantum photonic technology. The ability to generate high count-rate and low-noise correlated photon pairs via spontaneous parametric down-conversion using bulk crystals has been the cornerstone of modern quantum optics. However, future practical quantum technologies will require a scalable integration approach, and waveguide-based photon sources with high-count rate and low-noise characteristics will be an essential part of chip-based quantum technologies. Here, we demonstrate photon pair generation through spontaneous four-wave mixing in a silicon micro-ring resonator, reporting a maximum coincidence-to-accidental (CAR) ratio of 602 (+-) 37, and a maximum photon pair generation rate of 123 MHz (+-) 11 KHz. To overcome free-carrier related performance degradations we have investigated reverse biased p-i-n structures, demonstrating an improvement in the pair generation rate by a factor of up to 2, with negligible impact on CAR.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
title: War Aims and War Aims Discussions (Australia)
title: War Aims and War Aims Discussions (Australia)
Creators: name: Beaumont, Joan
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: o.P. Australien
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918, Motiv]
subject: Kriegsziel
subject: o.P. World War, 1914-1918--Australia
subject: World War, 1914-1918--Diplomatic history
subject: Australia--Foreign relations--1900-1945

description: Although Britain declared war on the Dominions’ behalf, Australia had its own war aims. The most important of these was the survival of the British Empire, which the vast majority of Australians believed was key to the country's cultural identity and physical security. Beyond this, Prime Minister W.M. Hughes, who dominated Australian foreign policy, had several goals surrounding German and Japanese power and Australian immigration policy. Ultimately, because Australia had no independent diplomatic service and refused to present a public face of imperial disunity, it was not entirely successful in achieving these war aims.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Organized Retailing in India: Issues and Outlook
Creators: name: Kohli, Rajeev
name: Bhagwati, Jagdish N.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Commerce

description: Domestic and multinational corporations have begun to enter retailing in India, raising concerns that they will destroy the millions of small stores and street vendor businesses that presently dominate retailing in the country. Policymakers know that corporate retailers can improve the efficiency and productivity of retailing and distribution in India, but they are also concerned about possible harm to small businesses and loss of jobs among those who might not have the skills and training needed to find alternative employment. We examine whether corporate retailing has already harmed small retail businesses in India (and to what extent if so) and how much damage might occur in the future. We discuss how corporate retailing might benefit small retailers and consumers and consider how small and large retailers might coexist in a country where, in the next twenty years, 40% of the population and 70% of gross domestic product may be concentrated in urban areas. We consider problems that may arise if organized retailing grows and suggest ways in which such problems could be addressed by policymakers.
More on the Narrowing of Impact Broadened Radio Recombination Lines at High Principal Quantum Number
Creators: name: Bell, M. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently Alexander and Gulyaev have suggested that the apparent decrease in impact broadening of radio recombination lines seen at high principal quantum number n may be a product of the data reduction process, possibly resulting from the presence of noise on the telescope spectra that is not present on the calculated comparison spectra. This is an interesting proposal. However, there are serious problems with their analysis that need to be pointed out. Perhaps the most important of these is the fact that for principal quantum numbers below n = 200, where the widths are not in question, their processed generated profile widths do not fit the widths of the processed lines obtained at the telescope. After processing, the halfwidths of the generated and telescope profiles must agree below n = 200 if we are to believe that the processed generated linewidths above n = 200 are meaningful. Theirs do not. Furthermore, we find that after applying the linewidth reduction factors found by Alexander and Gulyaev for their noise added profiles to our generated profiles to simulate their noise adding effect, the processed widths we obtain still do not come close to explaining the narrowing seen in the telescope lines for n values in the range 200 < n < 250. It is concluded that what is needed to solve this mystery is a completely new approach using a different observing technique instead of simply a further manipulation of the frequency-switched data.
description: Six pages with 4 figures. Accepted for publication in Astrophysics and Space Science
Using historical research to constrain the provenance and age of the first recorded collection of extinct Pleistocene large mammal fossils from the Naracoorte Caves, South Australia
Creators: name: Turner, Nerita K.
name: Reed, Elizabeth H.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Fossil collections housed in museums are a rich source of data for palaeontologists; however, some early collections lack detailed contextual information. The Naracoorte Caves in South Australia contain World Heritage listed Quaternary vertebrate fossil accumulations, particularly those of large, extinct mammals. The first recorded collection of extinct Pleistocene large mammal fossils from Naracoorte was from Specimen Cave in 1908. Unfortunately, these fossils were collected without stratigraphic and contextual information and so lack the detail required to relate them and their provenance to new excavations in the cave. As a result, the scientific value of this fossil collection is greatly reduced. Here we report on our research into the history of fossil collecting in Specimen Cave and recover information on the stratigraphic provenance and age of the 1908 fossil collection. We analysed newspaper articles, reports, written correspondence and cave inscriptions. Our research confirmed that the 1908 collection originated from the same area as the modern excavation and revealed a history of exploration and excavation work within the cave. Our research also led to the discovery of a cave inscription that contains the name of William Reddan, an important historical figure of the Naracoorte Caves and the first person to report the Specimen Cave fossil material. These findings place the 1908 fossil collection within the current geochronological context for the site and greatly increase the scientific value of this important material.
title: Towards a multipurpose neural network approach to novelty detection
Creators: name: Haggett, Simon J.
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2021

description: Novelty detection, the identification of data that is unusual or different in some way, is relevant in a wide number of real-world scenarios, ranging from identifying unusual weather conditions to detecting evidence of damage in mechanical systems. However, utilising novelty detection approaches in a particular scenario presents significant challenges to the non-expert user. They must first select an appropriate approach from the novelty detection literature for their scenario. Then, suitable values must be determined for any parameters of the chosen approach. These challenges are at best time consuming and at worst prohibitively difficult for the user. Worse still, if no suitable approach can be found from the literature, then the user is left with the impossible task of designing a novelty detector themselves. In order to make novelty detection more accessible, an approach is required which does not pose the above challenges. This thesis presents such an approach, which aims to automatically construct novelty detectors for specific applications. The approach combines a neural network model, recently proposed to explain a phenomenon observed in the neural pathways of the retina, with an evolutionary algorithm that is capable of simultaneously evolving the structure and weights of a neural network in order to optimise its performance in a particular task. The proposed approach was evaluated over a number of very different novelty detection tasks. It was found that, in each task, the approach successfully evolved novelty detectors which outperformed a number of existing techniques from the literature. A number of drawbacks with the approach were also identified, and suggestions were given on ways in which these may potentially be overcome.
title: Pan Americanism
title: Pan Americanism
Creators: name: Gilderhus, Mark T.
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: o.P. Panamerikanismus
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: o.P. Pan-Americanism
subject: World War, 1914-1918

description: The First World War elicited various responses from the Wilson administration based on Pan Americanism, a conception of regional integration under U.S. leadership that calls for more political cooperation and greater trade and investment. The first goal failed, but the second succeeded, making the U.S. the dominant economic presence in the Americas.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Critical scalings and jamming in thermal colloidal systems
Creators: name: Wang, Lijin
name: Xu, Ning
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: During the jamming of thermal colloids, the first peak of the pair distribution function shows a maximum height $g_1^{\rm max}$. We find that $g_1^{\rm max}$ is accompanied by significant change of material properties and thus signifies the transition from unjammed to jammed glasses. The scaling laws at $g_1^{\rm max}$ lead to scaling collapse of structural and thermodynamic quantities, indicating the criticality of the T=0 jamming transition. The physical significance of $g_1^{\rm max}$ is highlighted by its coincidence with the equality of the kinetic and potential energy and the maximum fluctuation of the coordination number. In jammed glasses, we find the strong coupling between the isostaticity and flattening of the density of vibrational states at the isostatic temperature scaled well with the compression.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures
title: French, John Denton Pinkstone, Earl of Ypres
title: French, John Denton Pinkstone, Earl of Ypres
Creators: name: Lloyd, Nicholas
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: French, John Denton Pinkstone of Ypres
subject: French, John Denton Pinkstone, Earl of Ypres, 1852-1925

description: Sir John French was the commander of the British Expeditionary Force between July 1914 and December 1915.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
India on the Growth Turnpike: No State Left Behind
Creators: name: Panagariya, Arvind
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Economics

description: This paper honors Vijay Kelkar by imitation, the sincerest form of flattery. In his
K. R. Narayanan Oration (Kelkar 2004) boldly titled “India: On the Growth Turnpike,” Vijay had predicted, perhaps earlier than most, that India was on the cusp of achieving double-digit growth.
Cosmochthonius asiaticus Gordeeva 1980
Creators: name: Ordouni, Fatemeh
name: Ramroodi, Sara
name: Akrami, Mohammad Ali
name: Rakhshani, Ehsan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Sarcoptiformes
Cosmochthoniidae
Cosmochthonius
Cosmochthonius asiaticus

description: Cosmochthonius asiaticus Gordeeva, 1980
 Material examined – 4♀♀, Iran, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Ebrahim-Abad village, Hamoon county (30° 91' 26" N, 61° 43' 87" E, 480 m a.s.l.), Desmostachyabipinnata L., 17 March 2019, leg.: F. Ordouni.
 Distribution in Iran – Khuzestan and East Azarbaijan provinces (Akrami 2015).
 Zoogeographical distribution – Southern Palaearctic (west-central Asia and Spain).
description: Published as part of Ordouni, Fatemeh, Ramroodi, Sara, Akrami, Mohammad Ali & Rakhshani, Ehsan, 2023, Oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) from southeastern Iran, with supplementary description of Verachthonius cf. laticeps (Brachychthoniidae), pp. 173-188 in Persian Journal of Acarology 12 (2) on page 176, DOI: 10.22073/pja.v12i2.75578, http://zenodo.org/record/10268285
Does Liberalization Promote Competition?
Creators: name: Alfaro, Laura
name: Chari, Anusha
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Commerce

description: Using firm-level data from India, this paper investigates the distributional effects of deregulation on firm size and profitability. The data suggest that average firm size declines significantly in industries that deregulated entry. Firm entry leads occurs from the left hand tail of the size distribution with more small firms entering the market while the largest incumbent firms get significantly bigger following deregulation. Quantile regressions show that the shift in the distribution of firm size is non-linear with average firm size increasing till around the 15th percentile, and then getting significantly smaller till the 90th percentile while the largest percentile (95%) gets significantly bigger over the sample period. The marginal entry of small firms is consistent with an increase in competition following entry deregulation. Consistent with a decline in monopoly power, the Herfindahl index of firm sales also shows a significant decline. While summary statistics suggest a decline in average firm profits, quantile regressions show significant non-linearity and a heterogeneous impact of deregulation on profitability.