cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Greater aortic inflammation and calcification in abdominal aortic aneurysmal disease than atherosclerosis: a prospective matched cohort study
Creators: name: Joshi, Nikhil V
name: Elkhawad, Maysoon
name: Forsythe, Rachael O
name: McBride, Olivia M B
name: Rajani, Nikil K
name: Tarkin, Jason M
name: Chowdhury, Mohammed M
name: Donoghue, Emma
name: Robson, Jennifer M J
name: Boyle, Jonathan R
name: Fryer, Tim D
name: Huang, Yuan
name: Teng, Zhongzhao
name: Dweck, Marc R
name: Tawakol, Ahmed A
name: Gillard, Jonathan H
name: Coughlin, Patrick A
name: Wilkinson, Ian B
name: Newby, David E
name: Rudd, James H F
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Aortic and vascular disease
1506
AAA
PET-CT
aneurysms
atherosclerosis

description: Funder: British Heart Foundation; FundRef: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000274
description: Objective: Using combined positron emission tomography and CT (PET-CT), we measured aortic inflammation and calcification in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA), and compared them with matched controls with atherosclerosis. Methods: We prospectively recruited 63 patients (mean age 76.1±6.8 years) with asymptomatic aneurysm disease (mean size 4.33±0.73 cm) and 19 age-and-sex-matched patients with confirmed atherosclerosis but no aneurysm. Inflammation and calcification were assessed using combined 18F-FDG PET-CT and quantified using tissue-to-background ratios (TBRs) and Agatston scores. Results: In patients with AAA, 18F-FDG uptake was higher within the aneurysm than in other regions of the aorta (mean TBRmax2.23±0.46 vs 2.12±0.46, p=0.02). Compared with atherosclerotic control subjects, both aneurysmal and non-aneurysmal aortae showed higher 18F-FDG accumulation (total aorta mean TBRmax2.16±0.51 vs 1.70±0.22, p=0.001; AAA mean TBRmax2.23±0.45 vs 1.68±0.21, p<0.0001). Aneurysms containing intraluminal thrombus demonstrated lower 18F-FDG uptake within their walls than those without (mean TBRmax2.14±0.43 vs 2.43±0.45, p=0.018), with thrombus itself showing low tracer uptake (mean TBRmax thrombus 1.30±0.48 vs aneurysm wall 2.23±0.46, p<0.0001). Calcification in the aneurysmal segment was higher than both non-aneurysmal segments in patients with aneurysm (Agatston 4918 (2901–8008) vs 1017 (139–2226), p<0.0001) and equivalent regions in control patients (442 (304-920) vs 166 (80-374) Agatston units per cm, p=0.0042). Conclusions: The entire aorta is more inflamed in patients with aneurysm than in those with atherosclerosis, perhaps suggesting a generalised inflammatory aortopathy in patients with aneurysm. Calcification was prominent within the aneurysmal sac, with the remainder of the aorta being relatively spared. The presence of intraluminal thrombus, itself metabolically relatively inert, was associated with lower levels of inflammation in the adjacent aneurysmal wall.
Additional file 1 of French general practitioners’ and patients’ acceptability of a public commitment charter and patient information leaflets targeting unnecessary antibiotic use: a qualitative study
Creators: name: Essilini, Anaïs
name: Le Dref, Gaëlle
name: Bocquier, Aurélie
name: Kivits, Joëlle
name: Welter, Adeline
name: Pulcini, Céline
name: Thilly, Nathalie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1: COREQ checklist (Table S1), intervention tools (Documents S1–S3) and interview guides (Documents S4–S5).
Table E2: RNA-sequencing data from COPD senescence-enriched small airway fibroblasts
Creators: name: Wrench, Catherine
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 310199
subject: Biochemistry and cell biology not elsewhere classified

description: Table E2: RNA-sequencing data from COPD senescence-enriched small airway fibroblasts: SAF from 6 COPD donors were sorted to generated the 10% largest and most autofluorescent (FSChighFITChigh, senescence-enriched) and 10% smallest and least autofluorescence (FSClowFITClow, non-senescent) populations based on forward scatter and FITC channels. RNA was submitted for RNA-sequencing to explore novel pathways modulated by senescence.RNA sequencing was performed by Source Bioscience (www.sourcebioscience.com). Libraries were generated using TruSeq Stranded mRNA kit (Illumina). Libraries QC was performed by Agilent Bioanalyzer. Sequencing was performed using two lanes of the HiSeq 4000 for 75bp paired-end reads. Fastq were processed via the bcbio-nextgen v1.1.6 pipeline with Hisat2 (v2.1.0) as the aligner and Salmon (v0.14.1) as the quasi-mapper. QC was assessed using MultiQC (51). The reference genome was hg38, ensembl annotation release 94. For downstream analysis the TPM values generated from Salmon were used as the expression values. Differential expression was performed using DESeq2 (v1.24.0) to generate multiple testing adjusted p-values.SAF = Small Airway Fibroblast, COPD = Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
Changing the narrative around obesity in the UK: a survey of people with obesity and healthcare professionals from the ACTION-IO study
Creators: name: Hughes, Carly A
name: Ahern, Amy L
name: Kasetty, Harsha
name: McGowan, Barbara M
name: Parretti, Helen M
name: Vincent, Ann
name: Halford, Jason C G
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Global health
1506
1699
general medicine (see internal medicine)
public health
epidemiology
medical education & training

description: Objectives: To investigate the perceptions, attitudes, behaviours and potential barriers to effective obesity care in the UK using data collected from people with obesity (PwO) and healthcare professionals (HCPs) in the Awareness, Care, and Treatment In Obesity maNagement–International Observation (ACTION-IO) study. Design: UK’s PwO (body mass index of ≥30 kg/m2 based on self-reported height and weight) and HCPs who manage patients with obesity completed an online survey. Results: In the UK, 1500 PwO and 306 HCPs completed the survey. Among the 47% of PwO who discussed weight with an HCP in the past 5 years, it took a mean of 9 years from the start of their struggles with weight until a discussion occurred. HCPs reported that PwO initiated 35% of weight-related discussions; PwO reported that they initiated 47% of discussions. Most PwO (85%) assumed full responsibility for their own weight loss. The presence of obesity-related comorbidities was cited by 76% of HCPs as a top criterion for initiating weight management conversations. The perception of lack of interest (72%) and motivation (61%) in losing weight was reported as top reasons by HCPs for not discussing weight with a patient. Sixty-five per cent of PwO liked their HCP bringing up weight during appointments. PwO reported complex and varied emotions following a weight loss conversation with an HCP, including supported (36%), hopeful (31%), motivated (23%) and embarrassed (17%). Follow-up appointments were scheduled for 19% of PwO after a weight discussion despite 62% wanting follow-up. Conclusions: The current narrative around obesity requires a paradigm shift in the UK to address the delay between PwO struggling with their weight and discussing weight with their HCP. Perceptions of lack of patient interest and motivation in weight management must be challenged along with the blame culture of individual responsibility that is prevalent throughout society. While PwO may welcome weight-related conversations with an HCP, they evoke complex feelings, demonstrating the need for sensitivity and respect in these conversations. Trial registration number: NCT03584191.
Creating conference posters: Structure, form and content
Creators: name: Barker, Eleanor
name: Phillips, Veronica
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Original Articles
Conference posters
Health education
Research support
Libraries

description: This article aims to provide an overview of the form, structure and content of conference posters for researchers who intend to submit an academic poster to a conference. It focuses in particular on the design and layout of academic conference posters, making some suggestions for possible poster layouts. It also provides information about factors influencing conference selection. Finally, it summarises some top tips to be considered when creating a conference poster such as font selection and use of images.
Linear time equivalence of Littlewood--Richardson coefficient symmetry maps
Creators: name: Azenhas, Olga
name: Conflitti, Alessandro
name: Mamede, Ricardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05Exx, 05E05, 05E10

description: Benkart, Sottile, and Stroomer have completely characterized by Knuth and dual Knuth equivalence a bijective proof of the conjugation symmetry of the Littlewood-Richardson coefficients. Tableau-switching provides an algorithm to produce such a bijective proof. Fulton has shown that the White and the Hanlon-Sundaram maps are versions of that bijection. In this paper one exhibits explicitly the Yamanouchi word produced by that conjugation symmetry map which on its turn leads to a new and very natural version of the same map already considered independently. A consequence of this latter construction is that using notions of Relative Computational Complexity we are allowed to show that this conjugation symmetry map is linear time reducible to the Schutzenberger involution and reciprocally. Thus the Benkart-Sottile-Stroomer conjugation symmetry map with the two mentioned versions, the three versions of the commutative symmetry map, and Schutzenberger involution, are linear time reducible to each other. This answers a question posed by Pak and Vallejo.
description: accepted in Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science Proceedings
Educational strategies for liver transplant candidates and recipients: an integrative literature review
Creators: name: Prochnon, Nathalia
name: Victorino, João
name: Galvão, Cristina Maria
name: Mendes, Karina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 111004 Clinical Nursing: Tertiary (Rehabilitative)
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Objective to analyze evidence in the literature on educational strategies for liver transplant candidates and recipients. The following steps will be taken to elaborate this integrative review: elaboration of the research question, search in the literature of primary studies, data extraction, evaluation of the studies included in the review, analysis and synthesis of the results, and presentation of the review. For the first stage of the project, the following question is posed: What evidence is available in the literature on educational strategies that address liver transplant candidates and recipients' teaching? The search for primary studies will be carried out over the internet to access the databases: Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health (Pubmed), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Embase. Boolean operators and OR will be used in the combination of the crossings between the elements of the PICO strategy to obtain quantitative studies that are manageable for conducting the research. Primary studies that address educational strategies for liver transplant candidates and recipients, published in English, Portuguese, and Spanish, will be included in the period from the last five years. In the phase of extracting data from the primary studies included in the IR, a script will be used, which will allow the identification of the study and the methodological characteristics and the main results. For the evaluation of the studies, two items will be prioritized: the methodological approach (quantitative or qualitative) and the strength of the evidence. The descriptive form will be used, considering each primary study's characteristics and results included in the IR.
Additional file 1 of Efficacy of the SOAR knee health program: protocol for a two-arm stepped-wedge randomized delayed-controlled trial
Creators: name: Whittaker, Jackie L.
name: Truong, Linda K.
name: Losciale, Justin M.
name: Silvester-Lee, Trish
name: Miciak, Maxi
name: Pajkic, Andrea
name: Le, Christina Y.
name: Hoens, Alison M.
name: Mosewich, Amber
name: Hunt, Michael A.
name: Li, Linda C.
name: Roos, Ewa M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Additional file 1.
On the prime ideal structure of symbolic Rees algebras
Creators: name: Bouchiba, S.
name: Kabbaj, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13C15, 13F05, 13F15, 13E05, 13F20, 13G05, 13B25, 13B30

description: This paper contributes to the study of the prime spectrum and dimension theory of symbolic Rees algebra over Noetherian domains. We first establish some general results on the prime ideal structure of subalgebras of affine domains, which actually arise, in the Noetherian context, as domains between a domain $A$ and $A[a^{-1}]$. We then examine closely the special context of symbolic Rees algebras (which yielded the first counter-example to the Zariski-Hilbert problem). One of the results states that if $A$ is a Noetherian domain and $p$ a maximal ideal of $A$, then the Rees algebra of $p$ inherits the Noetherian-like behavior of being a stably strong S-domain. We also investigate graded rings associated with symbolic Rees algebras of prime ideals $p$ such that $A_{p}$ is a rank-one DVR and close with an application related to Hochster's result on the coincidence of the ordinary and symbolic powers of a prime ideal.
description: 12 pages
Observation of spin-triplet superconductivity in Co-based Josephson Junctions
Creators: name: Khaire, Trupti S.
name: Khasawneh, Mazin A.
name: Pratt,, W. P.
name: Birge, Norman O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have measured a long-range supercurrent in Josephson junctions containing Co (a strong ferromagnetic material) when we insert thin layers of either PdNi or CuNi weakly-ferromagnetic alloys between the Co and the two superconducting Nb electrodes. The critical current in such junctions hardly decays for Co thicknesses in the range of 12-28 nm, whereas it decays very steeply in similar junctions without the alloy layers. The long-range supercurrent is controllable by the thickness of the alloy layer, reaching a maximum for a thickness of a few nm. These experimental observations provide strong evidence for induced spin-triplet pair correlations, which have been predicted to occur in superconducting/ferromagnetic hybrid systems in the presence of certain types of magnetic inhomogeneity.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Strong Coupling between Antiferromagnetic and Superconducting Order Parameters in CeRhIn$_5$ Studied by In-NQR Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Yashima, M.
name: Mukuda, H.
name: Kitaoka, Y.
name: Shishido, H.
name: Settai, R.
name: Onuki, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a novel pressure ($P$)-induced evolution of magnetism and superconductivity (SC) in a helical magnet CeRhIn$_5$ with an incommensurate wave vector $Q_i=({1/2},{1/2},0.297)$ through the $^{115}$In nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) measurements under $P$. Systematic measurements of the $^{115}$In-NQR spectrum reveal that the commensurate antiferromagnetism (AFM) with $Q_c=({1/2},{1/2},{1/2})$ is realized above $P_m \sim$ 1.7 GPa. An important finding is that the size of SC gap and $T_c$ increase as the magnitude of the AFM moment decreases in the $P$ region, where SC uniformly coexists with the commensurate AFM. This result provides evidence of strong coupling between the commensurate AFM order parameter (OP) and SC OP.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Additional file 1 of A single-dose, open-label, randomized, scintigraphic study to investigate the gastrointestinal behavior of 2 triple-combination cold products (acetaminophen, phenylephrine, and dextromethorphan) in healthy male volunteers
Creators: name: Mallefet, Pascal
name: Armogida, Marianna
name: Doll, Walter J.
name: Page, Richard C.
name: Sandefer, Erik P.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1 Fig. S1. CONSORT 2010 checklist of information to include when reporting a randomised trial*.
Additional file 1 of Prevention and control of mosquito-borne arboviral diseases: lessons learned from a school-based intervention in Brazil (Zikamob)
Creators: name: Santos, Silvana
name: Smania-Marques, Roberta
name: Albino, Victor Alves
name: Fernandes, Izabelly Dutra
name: Mangueira, Francisco Fernandes Abel
name: Altafim, Ruy Alberto Pisani
name: Olinda, Ricardo
name: Smith, Matt
name: Traxler, John
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Additional file 2 of Prevention and control of mosquito-borne arboviral diseases: lessons learned from a school-based intervention in Brazil (Zikamob)
Creators: name: Santos, Silvana
name: Smania-Marques, Roberta
name: Albino, Victor Alves
name: Fernandes, Izabelly Dutra
name: Mangueira, Francisco Fernandes Abel
name: Altafim, Ruy Alberto Pisani
name: Olinda, Ricardo
name: Smith, Matt
name: Traxler, John
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2.
Workflow Patterns in Process Modeling
Creators: name: Fortis, Alexandra
name: Fortis, Florin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper proposes an introduction to one of the newest modelling methods, an executable model based on workflows. We present the terminology for some basic workflow patterns, as described in the Workflow Management Coalition Terminology and Glossary.
description: 14 pages, exposed on 2nd "European Conference on Computer Science & Applications" - XA2008, Timisoara, Romania
Ensuring Societal Advancement through Science and Technology: Pathways to Scientific Integration
Creators: name: Bazley, Stephanie
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Digital Health
Technology
STEM

description: In an increasingly digitised world, those within STEM fields have a responsibility to communicate their research in an accessible manner to the funders and end-users of their innovation. Steps should be taken to incentivise improved scientific communication by scientists via social media, open source publishing and outreach programs. In this way, we can ensure equal access to research across society, and increased acceptance of innovation, whilst avoiding costly delays to their implementation. The scientific field was built upon the basic core principles of collaboration and distribution. With the digital age came renewed opportunities for integration with the community. Now, the foundations of science and healthcare are once again changing, as paradigm-shifting technologies such as AI-powered healthcare solutions and genomic medicine become the norm. If our communities do not understand and accept these new services, any positive impact is significantly limited. In order to find a resolution to this problem, we need to focus on improved scientific communication and education, through re-examined frameworks for scientific impact and funding.
Is confirmation of hemostasis necessary for the success of primary molar pulpotomies? : evaluating an unconventional treatment protocol
Creators: name: Dewji, MuhammadQays
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to assess the clinical and radiographic survival of teeth treated with the NHFS (non-hemostasis ferric subsulfate) pulpotomy – a novel pulpotomy technique in which hemostasis of the radicular pulp is not attempted or confirmed. A secondary objective was to determine if preoperative radiographic caries depth was predictive of pulpotomy survival. Methods: A retrospective chart review for children that received one or more NHFS pulpotomies between January 1st 2017 and May 31st 2022 was conducted. Preoperative radiographic caries depth was assessed with a modified version of the ICDAS™ radiographic scoring system. Three clinical outcomes (pain, pathological mobility, and soft tissue pathology) and two radiographic outcomes (pathologic radiolucency and pathologic root resorption) were used to determine pulpotomy survival. Teeth were evaluated at intermittent recalls within the study period. Kaplan Meier curves were used to estimate clinical and radiographic survival over time. A semiparametric Cox Proportional Hazards model was used to investigate the association between preoperative radiographic caries depth and pulpotomy survival. Results: A total of 821 teeth from 377 children were evaluated over the study period. The mean follow up time was 24 months. Survival analysis found the aggregate probability of clinical and radiographic survival at 24 months to be 97.6% (95% CI [96.1,98.8]) and 80.3% (95% CI [75.5,85.9]) respectively . An association between preoperative radiographic caries depth and pulpotomy outcomes could not be determined. Conclusions: NHFS pulpotomies demonstrated similar clinical and radiographic survival rates to comparable conventional pulpotomies in the literature. Therefore, confirmation of hemostasis may not be a valid indicator of pulpal inflammatory status.
Supporting neurodiversity in online education: a systematic review
Creators: name: Le Cunff, Anne-Laure
name: Dommett, Eleanor
name: Giampietro, Vincent
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Online and Distance Education
subject: Cognitive Neuroscience
subject: Educational Psychology
subject: Disability and Equity in Education
subject: Life Sciences
subject: Education
subject: Neuroscience and Neurobiology

description: This registration contains a protocol for a systematic review. This review will identify online educational practices which challenge or enable learning in neurotypical and neurodivergent students, assess the effectiveness of practices designed to enable learning and improve educational outcomes in neurodivergent students, and highlight gaps in the literature to determine whether the current evidence is sufficient to inform practice.
Blocking Interstate Natural Gas Pipelines
Creators: name: Bressler, Jason
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Environmental Law
Year: 2019

description: Over the past decade, the growth of natural gas, propelled by the fracking boom, has played a pivotal role in meeting the nation’s ever-expanding energy needs. Simultaneously, it has helped lower energy costs, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and diminish dependence on foreign energy. Despite these benefits, and the fact that the United States has an abundance of extractable natural gas, the future of this resource as a solution to the nation’s energy demand remains uncertain. This uncertainty is largely attributable to the roadblocks preventing the development of interstate natural gas pipelines—the safest and most efficient means of transporting natural gas. The most formidable roadblock to the construction of interstate natural gas pipelines is Section 401 of the Clean Water Act (“Section 401”), which gives states the power to block construction of any pipeline that may interfere with their water quality standards. States’ use of this “veto” power has escalated in recent years, in what appears to be an attempt to reduce carbon emissions and curb climate change. This escalated use of Section 401 has led to widespread gridlock of pipeline construction, large quantities of unutilized natural gas, and a suboptimal energy system. This Note proposes legislation that would prevent states from blocking construction of interstate natural gas pipelines within their borders without first showing that a more cost-effective alternative for supplying the energy exists. Determining the cost-effectiveness of a project requires consideration of all costs, including the environmental damage, associated with the project. To ensure that these costs, specifically those associated with climate change, are adequately accounted for, each analysis must incorporate the Social Cost of Carbon (“SCC”). In so doing, the SCC should be valued by the states, since the federal figures have been severely devalued by an Executive Order issued by President Trump in March 2017. Part I of this Note provides background on the statutes involved in the construction of interstate natural gas pipelines. It also discusses the purpose of, and the controversy surrounding, the SCC. Part II examines how the courts of appeals and Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (“FERC”) have responded to the states’ increasing use of Section 401 to block interstate natural gas pipelines. It then discusses President Trump’s Executive Order devaluing the federal SCC and explores the various ways in which states have incorporated the SCC into their own energy policies. Finally, Part III argues that states should no longer be permitted to veto interstate natural gas pipelines by withholding water quality certification, but only by showing there is a more cost-effective means of supplying the energy, as determined through cost-benefit analyses that incorporate a state-valued SCC.
description: Columbia Journal of Environmental Law, Vol. 44 No. 1 (2019): Volume 44.1
Breaking the self-averaging properties of spatial galaxy fluctuations in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey - Data Release Six
Creators: name: Labini, Francesco Sylos
name: Vasilyev, Nikolay L.
name: Baryshev, Yurij V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Statistical analyses of finite sample distributions usually assume that fluctuations are self-averaging, i.e. that they are statistically similar in different regions of the given sample volume. By using the scale-length method, we test whether this assumption is satisfied in several samples of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release Six. We find that the probability density function (PDF) of conditional fluctuations, filtered on large enough spatial scales (i.e., r>30 Mpc/h), shows relevant systematic variations in different sub-volumes of the survey. Instead for scales r<30 Mpc/h the PDF is statistically stable, and its first moment presents scaling behavior with a negative exponent around one. Thus while up to 30 Mpc/h galaxy structures have well-defined power-law correlations, on larger scales it is not possible to consider whole sample average quantities as meaningful and useful statistical descriptors. This situation is due to the fact that galaxy structures correspond to density fluctuations which are too large in amplitude and too extended in space to be self-averaging on such large scales inside the sample volumes: galaxy distribution is inhomogeneous up to the largest scales, i.e. r ~ 100 Mpc/h, probed by the SDSS samples. We show that cosmological corrections, as K-corrections and standard evolutionary corrections, do not qualitatively change the relevant behaviors. Finally we show that the large amplitude galaxy fluctuations observed in the SDSS samples are at odds with the predictions of the standard LCDM model of structure formation.(Abridged version).
description: 32 pages, 28 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics. A higher resolution version is available at http://pil.phys.uniroma1.it/~sylos/fsl_highlights.html . Version v2 has been corrected to match the published one
Solid solution polymorphs afford two high-soluble co-drug forms of tolbutamide and chlorpropamide
Creators: name: Spoletti, Enrico
name: Verma, Vivek
name: Cappuccino, Chiara
name: Lusi, Matteo
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 34
subject: Chemical sciences
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: The search for solid solutions of class-two insulin secretagogues, tolbutamide and chlorpropamide, reveals a rare case of monotropic polymorphism for the mixed crystals. At any stoichiometry, two crystal forms are isolated that are kinetically stable at room temperature from a few months to over a year. Dissolution tests certify the solubility advantage of the solid solutions over the pure drugs as well as their physical mixture, suggesting a potential application as a highly soluble co-drug formulation.
The Sagittarius Dwarf Galaxy: a Model for Evolution in a Triaxial Milky Way Halo
Creators: name: Law, David R.
name: Majewski, Steven R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new N-body model for the tidal disruption of the Sagittarius (Sgr) dwarf that is capable of simultaneously satisfying the majority of angular position, distance, and radial velocity constraints imposed by current wide-field surveys of its dynamically young (< 3 Gyr) tidal debris streams. In particular, this model resolves the conflicting angular position and radial velocity constraints on the Sgr leading tidal stream that have been highlighted in recent years. While the model does not reproduce the apparent bifurcation observed in the leading debris stream, recent observational data suggest that this bifurcation may represent a constraint on the internal properties of the Sgr dwarf rather than the details of its orbit. The key element in the success of this model is the introduction of a non-axisymmetric component to the Galactic gravitational potential which can be described in terms of a triaxial dark matter halo whose minor/major axis ratio (c/a)_Phi = 0.72 and intermediate/major axis ratio (b/a)_Phi = 0.99 at radii 20 < r < 60 kpc. The minor/intermediate/major axes of this halo lie along the directions (l, b) = (7, 0), (0, 90), and (97, 0) respectively, corresponding to a nearly-oblate ellipsoid whose minor axis is contained within the Galactic disk plane. We demonstrate that with simple assumptions about the star formation history of Sgr, tidal stripping models naturally give rise to gradients in the metallicity distribution function (MDF) along the stellar debris streams similar to those observed in recent studies. (Abridged).
description: 27 pages, 19 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ. Version with full-resolution figures is available at http://www.astro.ucla.edu/~drlaw/Papers/Sgr_triax.pdf
Three dimensional finite temperature SU(3) gauge theory in the confined region and the string picture
Creators: name: Bialas, P.
name: Daniel, L.
name: Morel, A.
name: Petersson, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine the correlation between Polyakov loops in three dimensional SU(3) gauge theory in the confined region at finite temperature. For this purpose we perform lattice calculations for the number of steps in the temperature direction equal to six. This is expected to be in the scaling region of the lattice theory. We compare the results to the bosonic string model. The agreement is very good for temperatures T<0.7T_c, where T_c is the critical temperature. In the region 0.7T_c
description: 11 pages, 1 figure, 1 table
Reverse method for labeling the information from semi-structured web pages
Creators: name: Akbar, Z.
name: Handoko, L. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a new technique to infer the structure and extract the tokens of data from the semi-structured web sources which are generated using a consistent template or layout with some implicit regularities. The attributes are extracted and labeled reversely from the region of interest of targeted contents. This is in contrast with the existing techniques which always generate the trees from the root. We argue and show that our technique is simpler, more accurate and effective especially to detect the changes of the templates of targeted web pages.
description: 5 pages, Proceeding of the 2009 International Conference on Signal Processing Systems pp. 551-555
Characterizing the assembly kinetics, seeding, and gelation of lentil protein nanofibrils
Creators: name: Shi, Lanfang
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Food protein nanofibrils may have improved functionalities in food applications owing to their highly ordered structures and extreme aspect ratios. Protein fibrillization is typically inducible at high temperature and low pH, where proteins are hydrolyzed and self-assemble into fibrils spontaneously. This process may be accelerated by seeding with fragments of pre-formed fibrils. As plant proteins are becoming more prevalent as environmentally sustainable and healthy alternatives to animal proteins, more research has begun to focus on legume protein fibrillization. Lentils are a major Canadian pulse crop with high protein content, but little is known about lentil protein fibrillization. The objectives of this project were to evaluate (1) the effects of protein extraction conditions (acidic vs. alkaline pH), (2) seeding with pre-formed fibrils on lentil protein fibrillization, and (3) the gelation of lentil protein fibrils. Lentil proteins extracted at either pH 8.2 or pH 3.5 with salt were incubated at 80 °C, pH 2, with stirring, to form fibrils. The protein composition and hydrolysis pattern during fibrillization and the fibrillization kinetics of the two protein extracts were found to be similar. However, transmission electron microscopy revealed apparent morphological differences—fibrils made from alkaline extract were more heterogeneous, curly, and tangled, whereas fibrils made from acidic extract were more uniform, long, and straight. Further analyses with UV-vis spectroscopy, the Fast Blue BB assay, and LC-MS indicated the presence of protein-phenolic interactions in the alkaline extract, which likely affected fibrillization. The acidic extracts were used for further studies of fibrillization. The lag time, growth rate, conversion yield, and fibril morphology were evaluated for seeded and unseeded fibrillization. Seeding with 3% w/w seeds significantly decreased the lag time (p<0.05). The evaluation of thermal gelation at pH 2 showed that crude lentil fibrils were able to form strong, colorless, and translucent gels. However, phase separation was observed in ion-induced cold gelation at pH 8, likely due to the structural fragmentation of fibrils during pH neutralization. This project expands our fundamental understanding of lentil protein nanofibrils, from the assembly kinetics to gelation properties, which opens more possibilities for their future use as novel plant-based ingredients.
Coevolution of Law and Science
Creators: name: Adler, Robert W.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Environmental Law
Year: 2019

description: Despite recent political attacks, science is integral to environmental law and other regulatory regimes that are informed by new scientific research. It is inaccurate, however, to view the relationship between law and science as static. Traditionally, science is either seen as a servant of the legal system, responding to and supporting the applicable statutes and regulations; or we expect the legal system to respond or “catch up” to scientific advances. A more useful model, borrowed from evolutionary biology, is coevolution, an ongoing process in which law and science interact over time in an iterative process. A case study from the Clean Water Act (“CWA”) biocriteria program illustrates this dynamic process and suggests ways in which law and science can interact more effectively in the CWA and other regulatory regimes. It also highlights the conceptual difference between “scientific knowledge” and “regulatory knowledge,” and the importance of that distinction for separation of powers and democratic governance in the administration and enforcement of complex regulatory statutes.
description: Columbia Journal of Environmental Law, Vol. 44 No. 1 (2019): Volume 44.1
Modelling the impact of lockdown-easing measures on cumulative COVID-19 cases and deaths in England
Creators: name: Ziauddeen, Hisham
name: Subramaniam, Naresh
name: Gurdasani, Deepti
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Epidemiology
1506
2474
1692
epidemiology
health policy
public health
infection control

description: Objectives: To assess the potential impacts of successive lockdown-easing measures in England, at a point in the COVID-19 pandemic when community transmission levels were relatively high. Design: We developed a Bayesian model to infer incident cases and reproduction number (R) in England, from incident death data. We then used this to forecast excess cases and deaths in multiple plausible scenarios in which R increases at one or more time points. Setting: England. Participants: Publicly available national incident death data for COVID-19 were examined. Primary outcome: Excess cumulative cases and deaths forecast at 90 days, in simulated scenarios of plausible increases in R after successive easing of lockdown in England, compared with a baseline scenario where R remained constant. Results: Our model inferred an R of 0.75 on 13 May when England first started easing lockdown. In the most conservative scenario modelled where R increased to 0.80 as lockdown was eased further on 1 June and then remained constant, the model predicted an excess 257 (95% CI 108 to 492) deaths and 26 447 (95% CI 11 105 to 50 549) cumulative cases over 90 days. In the scenario with maximal increases in R (but staying ≤1), the model predicts 3174 (95% CI 1334 to 6060) excess cumulative deaths and 421 310 (95% CI 177 012 to 804 811) cases. Observed data from the forecasting period aligned most closely to the scenario in which R increased to 0.85 on 1 June, and 0.9 on 4 July. Conclusions: When levels of transmission are high, even small changes in R with easing of lockdown can have significant impacts on expected cases and deaths, even if R remains ≤1. This will have a major impact on population health, tracing systems and healthcare services in England. Following an elimination strategy rather than one of maintenance of R ≤1 would substantially mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic within England.
Post-Jesner Climate Change Lawsuits Under the Alien Tort Statute
Creators: name: Dellinger, Myanna
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Environmental Law
Year: 2019

description: Climate change is as vexing a problem as ever. Around the world, plaintiffs are taking steps to fight climate change through lawsuits against both governments and corporate entities, among other steps. At times, such lawsuits may seem somewhat tenuous, but litigation spurs progress. Actions to stem the dangers of climate change need to be taken on many fronts and in many stages without deterrence from the enormity of the task. This article analyzes whether the 1789 Alien Tort Statute (“ATS”) is a realistic mechanism to provide redress for climate change-related international human rights violations and related violations of international environmental law by American corporations, which have continued their climate-changing activities in the United States and elsewhere decades after becoming aware of their inherent danger. This Article concludes that ATS litigation remains an option worth pursuing in the legal fight against climate change, as the ATS is a vehicle originally geared towards tort compensation where U.S. national interests would be affected if the aggrieved parties received no compensation. Indeed, any lawsuit or action that, if nothing else, helps call attention to and eventually mitigate climate change is highly warranted. Ultimately, however, an ATS-based suit against American corporations for climate-change damages may be unlikely to succeed under the current Supreme Court composition.
description: Columbia Journal of Environmental Law, Vol. 44 No. S (2019): Volume 44.S
Considerations on Resource Usage in Exceptions and Failures in Workflows
Creators: name: Fortis, Alexandra
name: Cicortas, Alexandru
name: Iordan, Victoria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The paper presents a description of some point of view of different authors related to the failures and exceptions that appear in workflows, as a direct consequence of unavailability of resources involved in the workflow. Each of these interpretations is typical for a certain situation, depending on the authors' interpretation of failures and exceptions in workflows modeling real dynamical systems.
description: 12 pages, exposed on 2nd "European Conference on Computer science and Applications" - XA2008, Timisoara, Romania
Animal Agriculture Liability for Climatic Nuisance: A Path Forward for Climate Change Litigation?
Creators: name: Walters, Daniel E
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Environmental Law
Year: 2019

description: Despite possessing statutory authority to regulate at least some contributing causes of climate change, environmental regulators in the United States have recently found themselves tied up in political gridlock. In response, advocates are turning from the regulatory track to a common law liability track, bringing public nuisance suits against fossil fuel producers and electric utilities. However, most of these public nuisance suits have met a common fate: they have been held to be displaced by the comprehensive regulatory framework for controlling greenhouse gas emissions contained in the Clean Air Act. As long as there is even the possibility of regulatory action from EPA, suits alleging violations of the federal common law of public nuisance will be dismissed. The result is that neither road to serious climate policy is passable in the current environment. This Article points to a gap-filling approach that has yet to be pursued by climate change advocates. Even if EPA will not or cannot regulate and nuisance suits against electric power and transportation sector defendants are barred, one set of contributors to climate change is still susceptible to suit. The animal agricultural industry is responsible for a surprising amount of greenhouse gas emissions—around 18 percent of global emissions and by some estimates even more than all transportation sources combined. Unlike with emissions of greenhouse gases from tailpipes or smokestacks, there is no plausible argument that Congress has ever developed a statutory framework that speaks directly to the problem of animal agriculture’s contributions to climate change. While this means regulators lack authority to address the problem, it also means that courts should be able to maneuver around the displacement barriers to hear a properly pled federal common law of nuisance action against offending meat producers. I argue that such a suit would be a worthwhile enterprise not only because it stands a reasonable chance of surmounting the displacement barrier to climatic nuisance suits, but also because it would put pressure on policymakers and industry to curb emissions and would bring public scrutiny to the inefficiencies and externalities of animal agriculture.
description: Columbia Journal of Environmental Law, Vol. 44 No. S (2019): Volume 44.S
Additional file 1 of Adapting to the algorithm: how accuracy comparisons promote the use of a decision aid
Creators: name: Liang, Garston
name: Sloane, Jennifer F.
name: Donkin, Christopher
name: Newell, Ben R.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. For Experiment 1b and all subsequent experiments, we selected coherence levels of 0.25, 0.2, 0.02, and 0.01 where the former two levels were labelled “easier” and the latter two “harder”. The full details of these pilot experiments are presented in Additional file.
Development of a Deep Neural Network for Speeding Up a Model of Loudness for Time-Varying Sounds
Creators: name: Schlittenlacher, Josef
name: Turner, Richard E.
name: Moore, Brian C. J.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: 2019 ISAAR special collection
loudness model
instantaneous loudness
deep neural network
loudness meter

description: The “time-varying loudness” (TVL) model of Glasberg and Moore calculates “instantaneous loudness” every 1 ms, and this is used to generate predictions of short-term loudness, the loudness of a short segment of sound, such as a word in a sentence, and of long-term loudness, the loudness of a longer segment of sound, such as a whole sentence. The calculation of instantaneous loudness is computationally intensive and real-time implementation of the TVL model is difficult. To speed up the computation, a deep neural network (DNN) was trained to predict instantaneous loudness using a large database of speech sounds and artificial sounds (tones alone and tones in white or pink noise), with the predictions of the TVL model as a reference (providing the “correct” answer, specifically the loudness level in phons). A multilayer perceptron with three hidden layers was found to be sufficient, with more complex DNN architecture not yielding higher accuracy. After training, the deviations between the predictions of the TVL model and the predictions of the DNN were typically less than 0.5 phons, even for types of sounds that were not used for training (music, rain, animal sounds, and washing machine). The DNN calculates instantaneous loudness over 100 times more quickly than the TVL model. Possible applications of the DNN are discussed.