cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Holographic Thermal Mapping Using Acoustic Lenses
Creators: name: Cengiz, Ceren
name: Shahab, Shima
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Acoustic holographic lenses (AHLs) show great potential for sound manipulation. These lenses store the phase and amplitude profile of the desired wavefront when illuminated by a single acoustic source to reconstruct focused ultrasound (FUS) pressure fields, induce localized heating, and achieve temporal and spatial thermal effects in acousto-thermal materials like polymers. The ultrasonic energy is transmitted and focused by AHL from a transducer into a particular focal volume. It is then converted to heat by internal friction in the polymer chains, causing the temperature of the polymer to rise at the focus locations while having little to no effect elsewhere. This one-of-a-kind capability is made possible by the development of AHLs to make use of the translation of attenuated pressure fields into programmable heat patterns. However, the acousto-thermal dynamics of AHLs are largely unexplored. We use a machine learning-assisted single inverse problem approach for rapid and efficient AHL designs. The process involves the conversion of thermal information into a holographic representation through the utilization of two latent functions; pressure phase and amplitude. Experimental verification is performed for pressure and thermal measurements. The volumetric acousto-thermal analysis of experimental samples is performed to offer knowledge of the obtained pattern dynamics, as well as the applicability of holographic FUS thermal mapping for precise temperature control in complex volumes of heterogeneous media. The proposed framework provides a solid foundation for anticipating and assessing thermal changes within materials using only outer surface measurements since it can correlate with surface temperature data alone.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
Application of Kawaguchi Lagrangian formulation to string theory
Creators: name: Yahagi, Ryoko
name: Sugamoto, Akio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: String-scalar duality proposed by Y. Hosotani and membrane-scalar duality by A. Sugamoto are reexamined in the context of Kawaguchi Lagrangian formulation. The characteristic feature of this formulation is the indifferent nature of fields and parameters. Therefore even the exchange of roles between fields and parameters is possible. In this manner, dualities above can be proved easily. Between Kawaguchi metrics of the dually related theories, a simple relation is found. As an example of the exchange between fermionic fields and parameters, a replacement of the role of Grassmann parameters of the 2-dimensional superspace by the 9th component of Neveu-Schwarz-Ramond (NSR) fermions is studied in superstring model. Compactification is also discussed in this model.
description: 12 pages, minor modification, published in Phys. Lett. B
title: CT evaluation of potential renal transplant recipients: What the surgeon wants to know
Creators: name: Dourado Domingues, João Manuel
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: Kidney
subject: Pelvis
subject: CT
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Transplantation

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: - To discuss the role of CT imaging in the evaluation of potential renal transplant recipients. - To summarize the optimal CT protocol for preoperative evaluation of this population. - To understand, describe and illustrate the main CT findings in...
Detection Transformer for Teeth Detection, Segmentation, and Numbering in Oral Rare Diseases: Focus on Data Augmentation and Inpainting Techniques
Creators: name: Kadi, Hocine
name: Sourget, Théo
name: Kawczynski, Marzena
name: Bendjama, Sara
name: Grollemund, Bruno
name: Bloch-Zupan, Agnès
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this work, we focused on deep learning image processing in the context of oral rare diseases, which pose challenges due to limited data availability. A crucial step involves teeth detection, segmentation and numbering in panoramic radiographs. To this end, we used a dataset consisting of 156 panoramic radiographs from individuals with rare oral diseases and labeled by experts. We trained the Detection Transformer (DETR) neural network for teeth detection, segmentation, and numbering the 52 teeth classes. In addition, we used data augmentation techniques, including geometric transformations. Finally, we generated new panoramic images using inpainting techniques with stable diffusion, by removing teeth from a panoramic radiograph and integrating teeth into it. The results showed a mAP exceeding 0,69 for DETR without data augmentation. The mAP was improved to 0,82 when data augmentation techniques are used. Furthermore, we observed promising performances when using new panoramic radiographs generated with inpainting technique, with mAP of 0,76.
Transport coefficients of transient hydrodynamics for the hadron-resonance gas and thermal-mass quasiparticle models
Creators: name: Rocha, Gabriel S.
name: Denicol, Gabriel S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate all transport coefficients of second order transient hydrodynamics in two effective kinetic theory models: a hadron-resonance gas and a quasiparticle model with thermal masses tuned to reproduce QCD thermodynamics. We compare the corresponding results with calculations for an ultrarelativistic single-component gas, that are widely employed in hydrodynamic simulations of heavy ion collisions. We find that both of these effective models display a qualitatively different normalized bulk viscosity, when compared to the calculation for the single-component gas. Indeed, $ζ/[τ_Π(\varepsilon_{0} + P_{0})] \simeq 16.91(1/3-c_{s}^{2})^{2}$, for the hadron-resonance gas model, and $ζ/[τ_Π(\varepsilon_{0} + P_{0})] \simeq 5 (1/3-c_{s}^{2})$ for the quasiparticle model. Differences are also observed for many second-order transport coefficients, specially those related to the bulk viscous pressure. The transport coefficients derived are shown to be consistent with fundamental linear stability and causality conditions.
description: 21 pages, 5 figures v2 - published version
Meta-Analysis of DNA Tumor-Viral Integration Site Selection Indicates a Role for Repeats, Gene Expression and Epigenetics
Creators: name: Doolittle-Hall, Janet M.
name: Cunningham Glasspoole, Danielle L.
name: Seaman, William T.
name: Webster-Cyriaque, Jennifer
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Oncoviruses cause tremendous global cancer burden. For several DNA tumor viruses, human genome integration is consistently associated with cancer development. However, genomic features associated with tumor viral integration are poorly understood. We sought to define genomic determinants for 1897 loci prone to hosting human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) or Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). These were compared to HIV, whose enzyme-mediated integration is well understood. A comprehensive catalog of integration sites was constructed from the literature and experimentally-determined HPV integration sites. Features were scored in eight categories (genes, expression, open chromatin, histone modifications, methylation, protein binding, chromatin segmentation and repeats) and compared to random loci. Random forest models determined loci classification and feature selection. HPV and HBV integrants were not fragile site associated. MCPyV preferred integration near sensory perception genes. Unique signatures of integration-associated predictive genomic features were detected. Importantly, repeats, actively-transcribed regions and histone modifications were common tumor viral integration signatures.
title: Tackling the increasing contamination of the water supply by iodinated contrast media, the Dutch approach.
Creators: name: Dekker, Helena
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Contrast agents
subject: CT
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Drugs / Reactions

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: To indicate that contrast media constitutes an increasing environmental risk To indicate that the collaboration of stakeholders, health professionals, producers and patients, is essential To give an overview of the measures to tackle the...
Oncogenic BRAF(V600E) Induces Clastogenesis and UVB Hypersensitivity
Creators: name: Kaufmann, William K.
name: Lemonie, Nathalay
name: Simpson, Dennis A.
name: Morgan, David S.
name: Gaddameedhi, Shobhan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: The oncogenic BRAF(V600E) mutation is common in melanomas as well as moles. The roles that this mutation plays in the early events in the development of melanoma are poorly understood. This study demonstrates that expression of BRAF(V600E) is not only clastogenic, but synergizes for clastogenesis caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiation in the 300 to 320 nM (UVB) range. Expression of BRAF(V600E) was associated with induction of Chk1 pS280 and a reduction in chromatin remodeling factors BRG1 and BAF180. These alterations in the Chk1 signaling pathway and SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling pathway may contribute to the clastogenesis and UVB sensitivity. These results emphasize the importance of preventing sunburns in children with developing moles.
Birational motives, II: Triangulated birational motives
Creators: name: Kahn, Bruno
name: Sujatha, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14C15, 18E30, 14E05

description: We develop birational versions of Voevodsky's triangulated categories of motives over a field, and relate them with the pure birational motives studied in arXiv:0902.4902 [math.AG]. We also get an interpretation of unramified cohomology in this framework, leading to "higher derived functors of unramified cohomology".
description: Compared to the initial version: previous Subsection 4.2 has been upgraded to Section 5; previous Lemmas 5.2.5 and 5.2.6 have been corrected to Proposition 6.2.5 and Lemma 6.2.6; at the referee's request, previous Appendix B and the proof of previous Proposition C.1.1 (now A.4.1) have been removed (please consult the initial version for them)
title: Hard to swallow etiologies of dysphagia - review of various morphological causes of dysphagia
Creators: name: Grzelja, Jurica
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Gastrointestinal tract
subject: Mediastinum
subject: Stomach (incl. Oesophagus)
subject: CT
subject: Fluoroscopy
subject: MR
subject: Contrast agent-oral
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Dynamic swallowing studies
subject: Swallowing disorders

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: to present different causes of dysphagia focusing primarily on extrinsic compression of the esophagus (ECE) to show the waning but still useful contribution of fluoroscopic swallow studies (FSSs) and its congruence with cross-sectional imaging...
On the covariant formalism of the effective field theory of gravity and its cosmological implications
Creators: name: Codello, Alessandro
name: Jain, Rajeev Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Following our previous work wherein the leading order effective action was computed in the covariant effective field theory of gravity, here we specialize the effective action to the FRW spacetime and obtain the effective Friedmann equations. In particular, we focus our attention on studying the cosmological implications of the non-local terms when each of them is combined with the Einstein-Hilbert action. We obtain both analytical and iterative solutions to the effective background equations in all the cases and also briefly comment on the consistency between the iterative and numerical solutions whenever possible. We find that among all the non-local terms, the imprints induced by $R\frac{1}{\square^2}R$ are very significant. Interpreting these corrections as an effective dark energy component characterized by an equation of state parameter, we find that the $R\frac{1}{\square^2}R$ correction can indeed lead to an accelerated expansion of the universe at the present epoch even in the absence of a cosmological constant. We briefly discuss some phenomenological consequences of our results.
description: v1: 25 pages, 9 figures; v2: 24 pages, 9 figures, title slightly changed, minor corrections, published in Classical and Quantum Gravity
title: MR Defecography: believe it or not, it is not that complicated
Creators: name: Hasa, Amela
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Gastrointestinal tract
subject: Genital / Reproductive system female
subject: Pelvis
subject: MR
subject: PACS
subject: Contrast agent-other
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Education and training
subject: Motility
subject: Pelvic floor dysfunction

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To describe the radiological anatomy of the perineal region. Analysis of the MRI semiology of pelvic floor dysfunction. To establish a step-by-step guide for MRI...
(401753) Robert Guthrie
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Limits to the precision of gradient sensing with spatial communication and temporal integration
Creators: name: Mugler, Andrew
name: Levchenko, Andre
name: Nemenman, Ilya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gradient sensing requires at least two measurements at different points in space. These measurements must then be communicated to a common location to be compared, which is unavoidably noisy. While much is known about the limits of measurement precision by cells, the limits placed by the communication are not understood. Motivated by recent experiments, we derive the fundamental limits to the precision of gradient sensing in a multicellular system, accounting for communication and temporal integration. The gradient is estimated by comparing a "local" and a "global" molecular reporter of the external concentration, where the global reporter is exchanged between neighboring cells. Using the fluctuation-dissipation framework, we find, in contrast to the case when communication is ignored, that precision saturates with the number of cells independently of the measurement time duration, since communication establishes a maximum lengthscale over which sensory information can be reliably conveyed. Surprisingly, we also find that precision is improved if the local reporter is exchanged between cells as well, albeit more slowly than the global reporter. The reason is that while exchange of the local reporter weakens the comparison, it decreases the measurement noise. We term such a model "regional excitation--global inhibition" (REGI). Our results demonstrate that fundamental sensing limits are necessarily sharpened when the need to communicate information is taken into account.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures
Preparation of alginate beads containing a prodrug of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid
Creators: name: He, Weiling
name: Sueda, Katsuhiko
name: Di Pasqua, Anthony J.
name: Zhang, Yong
name: Tsai, Tsuimin
name: Jay, Michael
name: Yang, Yu Tsai
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: A penta-ethyl ester prodrug of the radionuclide decorporation agent diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), which exists as an oily liquid, was encapsulated in alginate beads by the ionotropic gelation method. An optimal formulation was found by varying initial concentrations of DTPA pentaethyl ester, alginate polymer, Tween 80 surfactant and calcium chloride. All prepared alginate beads were ~1.6 mm in diameter, and the optimal formulation had loading and encapsulation efficiencies of 91.0 ± 1.1 and 72.6 ± 2.2%, respectively, and only 3.2 ± 0.8% water absorption after storage at room temperature in ~80% relative humidity. Moreover, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that DTPA penta-ethyl ester did not react with excipients during formation of the DTPA penta-ethyl ester-containing alginate beads. Release of prodrug from alginate beads was via anomalous transport, and its stability enhanced by encapsulation. Collectively, these data suggest that this solid dosage form may be suitable for oral administration after radionuclide contamination.
title: Role of imaging in predicting the receptor positivity status in lung adenocarcinoma -a new chapter in Radiogenomics
Creators: name: Sethi, Sonal
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Lung
subject: Thorax
subject: CT
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Radiobiology
subject: Cancer
subject: Genetic defects

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To study the imaging characteristics of known receptor positive lung adenocarcinoma using non invasive computed tomography...
(401754) Catherine Welsh
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
All-Back-Schottky-Contact Thin-Film Photovoltaics
Creators: name: Nardone, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The concept of All-Back-Schottky-Contact (ABSC) thin-film photovoltaic devices is introduced and evaluated using 2D numerical simulation. The built-in field is generated by reach-through Schottky junctions with two metals of different work functions in an alternating, side-by-side pattern along the back of the device. This approach minimizes the number of interfaces through which charge transport is required while eliminating the need for transparent conductive front contacts, pn junctions, and scribing. Performance metrics are calculated for a range of design parameters and it is shown that passivation of the front surface and back contacts is critical to achieve efficiencies near 20% using only one layer of material deposited on the back contacts. This design paradigm may afford a wide range of passivation materials since both electrical conduction and optical transparency would not be required of any one passivation layer.
description: 6 figures
Observation of a phase transition from a continuous to a discrete time crystal
Creators: name: Kongkhambut, Phatthamon
name: Cosme, Jayson G.
name: Skulte, Jim
name: Armijos, Michelle A. Moreno
name: Mathey, Ludwig
name: Hemmerich, Andreas
name: Keßler, Hans
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Discrete (DTCs) and continuous time crystals (CTCs) are novel dynamical many-body states, that are characterized by robust self-sustained oscillations, emerging via spontaneous breaking of discrete or continuous time translation symmetry. DTCs are periodically driven systems that oscillate with a subharmonic of the external drive, while CTCs are continuously driven and oscillate with a frequency intrinsic to the system. Here, we explore a phase transition from a continuous time crystal to a discrete time crystal. A CTC with a characteristic oscillation frequency $ω_\mathrm{CTC}$ is prepared in a continuously pumped atom-cavity system. Modulating the pump intensity of the CTC with a frequency $ω_{\mathrm{dr}}$ close to $2\,ω_\mathrm{CTC}$ leads to robust locking of $ω_\mathrm{CTC}$ to $ω_{\mathrm{dr}}/2$, and hence a DTC arises. This phase transition in a quantum many-body system is related to subharmonic injection locking of non-linear mechanical and electronic oscillators or lasers.
(401756) Cecelia Craig
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Preparation and application of a ‘clickable’ acceptor for enzymatic synthesis of heparin oligosaccharides
Creators: name: Edgar, Kristi
name: Liu, Jian
name: Cai, Chao
name: Linhardt, Robert J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: A “clickable” disaccharide was prepared by treating the aldehyde precursor with hydroxylamine, followed by the catalytic hydrogenation and diazotransfer reaction. This disaccharide was successfully applied to the elongation of the backbone construction of ultralow molecular weight (ULMW) heparins using two bacterial glycosyl transferases, N-acetyl glucosaminyl transferase from Escherichia coli K5 (KfiA) and heparosan synthase-2 (pmHS2) from Pasteurella multocida.
Self-similarity in the circular unitary ensemble
Creators: name: Meckes, Elizabeth S.
name: Meckes, Mark W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper gives a rigorous proof of a conjectured statistical self-similarity property of the eigenvalues random matrices from the Circular Unitary Ensemble. We consider on the one hand the eigenvalues of an $n \times n$ CUE matrix, and on the other hand those eigenvalues $e^{iϕ}$ of an $mn \times mn$ CUE matrix with $|ϕ| \le π/ m$, rescaled to fill the unit circle. We show that for a large range of mesoscopic scales, these collections of points are statistically indistinguishable for large $n$. The proof is based on a comparison theorem for determinantal point processes which may be of independent interest.
description: v4: published version reformatted with journal's style file
Portable acceleration of CMS computing workflows with coprocessors as a service
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Computing demands for large scientific experiments, such as the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC, will increase dramatically in the next decades. To complement the future performance increases of software running on central processing units (CPUs), explorations of coprocessor usage in data processing hold great potential and interest. Coprocessors are a class of computer processors that supplement CPUs, often improving the execution of certain functions due to architectural design choices. We explore the approach of Services for Optimized Network Inference on Coprocessors (SONIC) and study the deployment of this as-a-service approach in large-scale data processing. In the studies, we take a data processing workflow of the CMS experiment and run the main workflow on CPUs, while offloading several machine learning (ML) inference tasks onto either remote or local coprocessors, specifically graphics processing units (GPUs). With experiments performed at Google Cloud, the Purdue Tier-2 computing center, and combinations of the two, we demonstrate the acceleration of these ML algorithms individually on coprocessors and the corresponding throughput improvement for the entire workflow. This approach can be easily generalized to different types of coprocessors and deployed on local CPUs without decreasing the throughput performance. We emphasize that the SONIC approach enables high coprocessor usage and enables the portability to run workflows on different types of coprocessors.
description: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and the DOI. All the figures and tables can be found at http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/MLG-23-001 (CMS Public Pages)
(401757) Margaret Minnay
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Estimation of Bone Age from Radiographs of the Knee in Pediatric Patients
Creators: name: Bos, Denise
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence
subject: Bones
subject: Musculoskeletal joint
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Computer Applications-General
subject: Medico-legal issues
subject: Forensics

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Age estimation in pediatric patients is regularly performed in different contexts ranging from forensic over medicolegal to clinical applications. In forensic applications, for example, it is used to determine whether a patient is of legal age. In...
title: MoCA scores as predictor of volumetric differences between MCI patients and cognitively intact older adults
Creators: name: Valatkevičienė, Kristina
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: CNS
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: MR
subject: Education
subject: Experimental investigations
subject: Dementia
subject: Education and training
subject: Geriatrics

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) refers to individuals not yet fulfilling the criteria of Alzheimer disease (AD) but who have impaired cognitive functions compared to other adults their age while activities of daily living remain intact [1]. It has...
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARA) genetic polymorphisms and breast cancer risk: a Long Island ancillary study
Creators: name: Neugut, Alfred I.
name: Bensen, Jeannette T.
name: Golembesky, Amanda K.
name: North, Kari E.
name: Teitelbaum, Susan L.
name: Gammon, Marilie D.
name: Schroeder, Jane C.
name: Santella, Regina M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARA) has been shown to increase fatty acid oxidation and decrease cytokine levels and has been implicated in insulin production. Genetic variants of PPARA have been associated with cardiovascular disease, obesity and type II diabetes mellitus. Although no research to date has investigated the possible link between PPARA and breast cancer, the function of this gene suggests that it could play a role in breast cancer development. Six PPARA polymorphisms were evaluated in association with incident breast cancer in a population-based case–control study (n = 1073 cases and n = 1112 controls) using unconditional logistic and multilevel regression and haplotype-based analyses. The odds of breast cancer were doubled among women with PPARA polymorphism rs4253760 (odds ratio = 1.97 for rare versus common homozygote alleles; 95% confidence interval: 1.14, 3.43). This association remained constant with the inclusion of all interrogated polymorphisms studied in hierarchical models. No additive interactions with body mass index or weight gain were present, but there was some evidence of interaction between PPARA variants and aspirin use, defined as use at least once per week for 6 months or longer. Fourteen haplotypes were imputed with frequencies >1% among postmenopausal women, but no statistically significant differences in haplotype frequencies between cases and controls were evident. Our results are the first to evaluate the relationship between PPARA and breast cancer incidence and suggest that replication in an independent cohort is warranted.
title: Preparation and evaluation of a novel MRI agent with Nitric oxide release function
Creators: name: Chen, Lijuan
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: CNS
subject: Experimental
subject: MR
subject: Chemistry
subject: Cancer

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Preparation and evaluation of a novel MRI agent with Nitric oxide release...
(401750) Mary Donaldson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(401752) Claratina Fraser
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Examine long-term effects of the COVID-19 infection on neurochemical and structural abnormalities that could not be detected during routine medical examinations.
Creators: name: Valatkevičienė, Kristina
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: CNS
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: MR
subject: MR-Spectroscopy
subject: Chemistry
subject: Education
subject: Experimental investigations
subject: Education and training
subject: Infection
subject: Inflammation

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: InCoronavirus 2019 disease has wide range of neurological manifestation from mild like anosmia and ageusia to severe acute infarcts, intracranial hemorrhage, encephalitis. [1,2]. Neuroimaging studies in COVID 19 revealed inflammatory,...
Red meat and poultry intake, polymorphisms in the nucleotide excision repair and mismatch repair pathways and colorectal cancer risk
Creators: name: Lance, Peter
name: Siegmund, Kimberly D.
name: Martínez, Maria Elena
name: Joshi, Amit D.
name: Le Marchand, Loïlc
name: Sandler, Robert S.
name: Corral, Román
name: Haile, Robert W.
name: Ahnen, Dennis J.
name: Stern, Mariana C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Diets high in red meat have been consistently associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk and may result in exposure to carcinogens that cause DNA damage [i.e polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heterocyclic amines (HCAs) and N-nitroso compounds]. Using a family-based study, we investigated whether polymorphisms in the nucleotide excision repair (NER) (ERCC1 3′ untranslated region (UTR) G/T, XPD Asp312Asn and Lys751Gln, XPC intron 11 C/A, XPA 5′ UTR C/T, XPF Arg415Gln and XPG Asp1104His) and mismatch repair (MLH1 Ile219Val and MSH2 Gly322Asp) pathways modified the association with red meat and poultry intake. We tested for gene–environment interactions using case-only analyses (n = 577) and compared the results using case-unaffected sibling comparisons (n = 307 sibships). Increased risk of CRC was observed for intake of more than or equal to three servings per week of red meat [odds ratio (OR) = 1.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.3–2.5)] or high-temperature cooked red meat (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.1–2.2). Intake of red meat heavily brown on the outside or inside increased CRC risk only among subjects who carried the XPD codon 751 Lys/Lys genotype (case-only interaction P = 0.006 and P = 0.001, respectively, for doneness outside or inside) or the XPD codon 312 Asp/Asp genotype (case-only interaction P = 0.090 and P < 0.001, respectively). These interactions were stronger for rectal cancer cases (heterogeneity test P = 0.002 for XPD Asp312Asn and P = 0.03 for XPD Lys751Gln) and remained statistically significant after accounting for multiple testing. Case-unaffected sibling analyses were generally supportive of the case-only results. These findings highlight the possible contribution of diets high in red meat to the formation of lesions that elicit the NER pathway, such as carcinogen-induced bulky adducts.
Evolutionary games on multilayer networks: A colloquium
Creators: name: Wang, Zhen
name: Wang, Lin
name: Szolnoki, Attila
name: Perc, Matjaz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Networks form the backbone of many complex systems, ranging from the Internet to human societies. Accordingly, not only is the range of our interactions limited and thus best described and modeled by networks, it is also a fact that the networks that are an integral part of such models are often interdependent or even interconnected. Networks of networks or multilayer networks are therefore a more apt description of social systems. This colloquium is devoted to evolutionary games on multilayer networks, and in particular to the evolution of cooperation as one of the main pillars of modern human societies. We first give an overview of the most significant conceptual differences between single-layer and multilayer networks, and we provide basic definitions and a classification of the most commonly used terms. Subsequently, we review fascinating and counterintuitive evolutionary outcomes that emerge due to different types of interdependencies between otherwise independent populations. The focus is on coupling through the utilities of players, through the flow of information, as well as through the popularity of different strategies on different network layers. The colloquium highlights the importance of pattern formation and collective behavior for the promotion of cooperation under adverse conditions, as well as the synergies between network science and evolutionary game theory.
description: 14 two-column pages, 8 figures; accepted for publication in European Physical Journal B
FGFR2 and other loci identified in genome-wide association studies are associated with breast cancer in African-American and younger women
Creators: name: Barnholtz-Sloan, Jill S.
name: Luo, Jingchun
name: Guan, Xiaowei
name: Millikan, Robert C.
name: Shetty, Priya B.
name: Nyante, Sarah J.
name: Brennan, Donal J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Twenty-nine single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from previously published genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and multiple ancestry informative markers were genotyped in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study (CBCS) (742 African-American (AA) cases, 1230 White cases; 658 AA controls, 1118 White controls). In the entire study population, 9/10 SNPs in fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) were significantly associated with breast cancer after adjusting for age, race and European ancestry [odds ratios (OR) range 1.17–1.81]. Associations were observed for SNPs in FGFR2, LSP1, H19, TLR1/TLR6 and RELN for AA; FGFR2, TNRC9, H19 and MAP3K1 for Whites; FGFR2, TNRC9, Msc5A1 and chromosome 8q for women ≥50 years old and FGFR2 and TNRC9 for women <50 years old. FGFR2 haplotypes based upon rs11200014, rs2981579, rs1219648 and rs2420946 were associated with increased risk of breast cancer, including the GTGT haplotype in AAs [OR = 1.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04–1.56] and younger women of either race [OR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.02–1.78) and the ATGT haplotype in Whites (OR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.15–1.46). Recent GWAS hits for breast cancer in Europeans and Whites (i.e. women of European descent) thus showed evidence of replication among AAs and Whites in the CBCS. Several new haplotypes were associated with breast cancer in AA and younger women, particularly the FGFR2 GTGT haplotype. These results highlight the need to conduct GWAS among younger women and in a variety of racial–ethnic populations.
Search for Cosmic-ray Boosted Sub-MeV Dark-Matter-Electron Scattering in PandaX-4T
Creators: name: Shang, Xiaofeng
name: Abdukerim, Abdusalam
name: Bo, Zihao
name: Chen, Wei
name: Chen, Xun
name: Cheng, Chen
name: Cheng, Zhaokan
name: Cui, Xiangyi
name: Fan, Yingjie
name: Fang, Deqing
name: Geng, Lisheng
name: Giboni, Karl
name: Guo, Xuyuan
name: Han, Chencheng
name: Han, Ke
name: He, Changda
name: He, Jinrong
name: Huang, Di
name: Huang, Junting
name: Huang, Zhou
name: Hou, Ruquan
name: Hou, Yu
name: Ji, Xiangdong
name: Ju, Yonglin
name: Li, Chenxiang
name: Li, Jiafu
name: Li, Mingchuan
name: Li, Shuaijie
name: Li, Tao
name: Lin, Qing
name: Liu, Jianglai
name: Lu, Congcong
name: Lu, Xiaoying
name: Luo, Lingyin
name: Luo, Yunyang
name: Ma, Wenbo
name: Ma, Yugang
name: Mao, Yajun
name: Meng, Yue
name: Ning, Xuyang
name: Pang, Binyu
name: Qi, Ningchun
name: Qian, Zhicheng
name: Ren, Xiangxiang
name: Shaheed, Nasir
name: Shao, Xiyuan
name: Shen, Guofang
name: Si, Lin
name: Sun, Wenliang
name: Tan, Andi
name: Tao, Yi
name: Wang, Anqing
name: Wang, Meng
name: Wang, Qiuhong
name: Wang, Shaobo
name: Wang, Siguang
name: Wang, Wei
name: Wang, Xiuli
name: Wang, Xu
name: Wang, Zhou
name: Wei, Yuehuan
name: Wu, Mengmeng
name: Wu, Weihao
name: Wu, Yuan
name: Xiao, Mengjiao
name: Xiao, Xiang
name: Yan, Binbin
name: Yan, Xiyu
name: Yang, Yong
name: Yu, Chunxu
name: Yuan, Ying
name: Yuan, Zhe
name: Yun, Youhui
name: Zeng, Xinning
name: Zhang, Minzhen
name: Zhang, Peng
name: Zhang, Shibo
name: Zhang, Shu
name: Zhang, Tao
name: Zhang, Wei
name: Zhang, Yang
name: Zhang, Yingxin
name: Zhang, Yuanyuan
name: Zhao, Li
name: Zhou, Jifang
name: Zhou, Ning
name: Zhou, Xiaopeng
name: Zhou, Yong
name: Zhou, Yubo
name: Zhou, Zhizhen
name: Ge, Shao-Feng
name: Xia, Chen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the first search for the elastic scatterings between cosmic-ray boosted sub-MeV dark matter and electrons in the PandaX-4T liquid xenon experiment. Sub-MeV dark matter particles can be accelerated by scattering with electrons in the cosmic rays and produce detectable electron recoil signals in the detector. Using the commissioning data from PandaX-4T of 0.63~tonne$\cdot$year exposure, we set new constraints on DM-electron scattering cross sections for DM masses ranging from 10~eV/$c^2$ to 3~keV/$c^2$.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
The human intra-S checkpoint response to UVC-induced DNA damage
Creators: name: Kaufmann, William K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: The intra-S checkpoint response to 254 nm light (UVC)-induced DNA damage appears to have dual functions to slow the rate of DNA synthesis and stabilize replication forks that become stalled at sites of UVC-induced photoproducts in DNA. These functions should provide more time for repair of damaged DNA before its replication and thereby reduce the frequencies of mutations and chromosomal aberrations in surviving cells. This review tries to summarize the history of discovery of the checkpoint, the current state of understanding of the biological features of intra-S checkpoint signaling and its mechanisms of action with a focus primarily on intra-S checkpoint responses in human cells. The differences in the intra-S checkpoint responses to UVC and ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage are emphasized. Evidence that [6-4]pyrimidine-pyrimidone photoproducts in DNA trigger the response is discussed and the relationships between cellular responses to UVC and the molecular dose of UVC-induced DNA damage are briefly summarized. The role of the intra-S checkpoint response in protecting against solar radiation carcinogenesis remains to be determined.
A prolonged and exaggerated wound response with elevated ODC activity mimics early tumor development
Creators: name: Hayes, Candace S.
name: Dang, Hong
name: DeFeo, Karen
name: Morris, Rebecca J.
name: Gilmour, Susan K.
name: Trempus, Carol S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Induction of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), a key enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis, in ODC transgenic skin stimulates epidermal proliferation but not hyperplasia, activates underlying stromal cells and promotes skin tumorigenesis following a single subthreshold dose of a carcinogen. Because chronic wounds are a well-recognized risk factor for skin cancer, we investigated the response to a tissue remodeling event in normal skin that is abraded to remove only the epidermal layer in K6/ODC transgenic (follicular ODC expression) and in inducible ODCER transgenic mice (suprabasal ODC expression). When regenerative epidermal hyperplasia was resolved in normal littermates following abrasion, ODC transgenic mice exhibited progressive epidermal hyperplasia with formation of benign tumor growths and maintained an increased epidermal proliferation index and activation of translation-associated proteins at abrasion sites. The epidermal hyperplasia and tumor-like growth was accompanied by activation of underlying stromal cells and prolonged infiltration of inflammatory cells. Treatment with the anti-inflammatory agent dexamethasone did not reduce the high proliferative index in the regenerated epidermis but dramatically reduced the epidermal hyperplasia and prevented the wound-induced tumor growths in abraded ODCER skin. Treatment with α-difluoromethylornithine, a specific inhibitor of ODC activity, normalized the wound response in transgenic mice and decreased wound-induced inflammation if administered from the time of abrasion but not if initiated 4 days following abrasion. These results suggest a role for polyamines in prolonging wound-associated inflammation in addition to stimulating proliferation both of which are sufficient to sustain epidermal hyperplasia and benign tumor growth even in the absence of genetic damage.
title: Solid pancreatic masses: Not always ductal adenocarcinoma
Creators: name: Croucher, Maria
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: Pancreas
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: Education
subject: Surgery
subject: Education and training
subject: Neoplasia

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To illustrate the multi-modality imaging findings expected in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. To exhibit imaging findings that should raise the suspicion that a solid pancreatic mass is unlikely to represent conventional ductal adenocarcinoma. To...