Hymenopodidae Giglio-Tos 1915
Creators: name: Kamila, A. P.
name: Sureshan, P. M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Mantodea
Hymenopodidae

description: Family HYMENOPODIDAE Giglio-Tos, 1915
Sixteen genera in seven tribes and 4 subfamilies are reported from India in this family.
1. Eyes more or less extending beyond the circumference of head (Fig. 94). Hind wings often with bright colouration in live (Figs. 87, 92, 93) (Hymenopodinae)........................................................................... 2
- Eyes within the circumference of head (Figs. 99, 104, 106). Hind wings without bright colouration in live (Figs. 105, 111, 116)................................................................................................ 7
2. Vertex without any process (Fig. 88). Mid and hind femora with reduced lobes or lobeless (Fig. 89). Eye-spot marking on fore wings absent (Figs. 86, 87, 90, 92) (Anaxarchini)........................................................... 3
- Vertex with process (Fig. 94). Mid and hind femora with distinct lobes (Figs. 95, 97). Eye-spot marking on fore wings present (Figs. 93, 96) (Hymenopodini).......................................................................... 6
3. Mid and hind femora with small sub-apical lobes (Fig. 86)............................................ Heliomantis
- Mid and hind femora without sub-apical lobes (Fig. 89)....................................................... 4
4. Pronotum long, slender, longer than fore coxa (Fig. 87)............................................... Anaxarcha
- Pronotum short, robust, as long as or shorter than fore coxa (Figs. 90, 92)......................................... 5
5. Metazone distinctly constricted (Fig. 90). Foreleg metallic black in colour (Fig. 91)........................... Nemotha
- Metazone with almost parallel margin (Fig. 92). Foreleg not in metallic black (Fig. 92)................... Odontomantis
6. Mid and hind femora with ventral lobe at distal part only (Fig. 95)...................................... Creobroter
- Mid and hind femora with ventral lobe at entire length (Fig. 97)....................................... Hymenopus
7. Mid and hind femora with a large lobe at the base, almost merging with sub-apical lobe (Figs. 82, 85). Area around the spines on fore coxa suffused by black (Figs. 81, 84) (Phyllothelyinae)................................................ 8
- Mid and hind femora with (Figs. 108, 113, 116) or without (Figs. 98, 103, 105) small lobe. If it is present, then not merged with sub-apical lobe. Area around the spines on fore coxa without black suffusion (Fig. 110).............................. 9
8. Pronotum not elongated, with lateral pronotal expansion, metazone 1.5 times as long as prozone (Fig. 81). Upper edge of fore tibiae dilated (Fig. 81) (Parablepharini)........................................................ Parablepharis
- Pronotum elongated, without lateral pronotal expansion, metazona at least 3 times as long as prozone (Fig. 83). Upper edge of fore tibiae almost straight, not dilated (Fig. 84) (Phyllothelyini)....................................... Phyllothelys
9. Dorsal edge of fore femora more or less dilated like a leaf (Figs. 98, 102, 103, 105, 107, 110). Pronotum short. Metazone almost as long as prozone (Figs. 101, 105, 109) (Oxypilinae)....................................................... 10
- Dorsal edge of fore femora not dilated like a leaf (Figs. 111, 115, 116). Pronotum elongated. Metazone at least 1.5 times as long as prozone (Figs. 112, 115, 116) (Acromantinae)........................................................... 14
10. Disc of pronotum with conical tubercles (Fig. 109). Margins between posteroventral spines of fore femora without denticles (Fig. 110) (Oxypilini)........................................................................ Ceratomantis
- Disc of pronotum without any tubercles. Margins between posteroventral spines of fore femora with small denticles (Fig. 107) (Hestiasulini)....................................................................................... 11
11. Vertex with process (Figs. 104, 106). Styli present in males................................................... 12
- Vertex without any process (Fig. 99). Styli absent in males (Fig. 100).................................... Astyliasula
12. Wings iridescent in both sexes (Fig. 101). Margins between posteroventral spines of fore femora slightly serrated.................................................................................................... Catestiasula
- Wings not iridescent (Fig. 105). Margins between posteroventral spines of fore femora highly serrated................. 13
13. Disc of lower frons with indistinct carinae and central area between them not depressed (Fig. 104)............. Hestiasula
- Disc of lower frons with well-developed carinae and central area between them highly depressed forming a notch (Fig. 106).......................................................................................... Ephestiasula
14. Disc of pronotum with prominent granules (Fig. 112). Fore coxa slightly widened distally (Fig. 112)............. Ambivia
- Disc of pronotum smooth, sometimes with granules. Fore coxa simple (Fig. 116).................................. 15
15. Eyes conical, sometimes with tubercle (Fig. 115)................................................. Metacromantis
- Eyes round, without tubercle (Fig. 117)............................................................ Acromantis
description: Published as part of Kamila, A. P. & Sureshan, P. M., 2025, An illustrated key to the praying mantids (Insecta: Mantodea) of India up to generic level, pp. 446-480 in Zootaxa 5566 (3) on page 463, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5566.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/14703192