cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Learning during design through simulation
Creators: name: Béguin, Pascal
Publisher: name: CPH Conference : 11th International Symposium on Human Factors in Organisational Design and Management
Year: 2014

description: This communication analyzes simulation as a method for learning during design, rather than a method for anticipates the future. More often, simulation is understood from as a “figurative” approach, centered on a future simulated situation. We will argue that an “operative” approach, centered on activity in a situation of simulation
could be more efficient. Taking definitively this operative standpoint, the communication will propose three dimensions, each one contributing to an operative method: firstly, the simulated situation is a mediator, whose reference lies in activity rather than in the simulated situation. Secondly, simulation has to offer the possibility of exchange and dialogical learning between heterogeneous actors. Thirdly simulation methods must facilitate an ex-post activity, a reflexive “come back” after the event, giving the users the potential to learn about their own activity.
Low-Complexity Design of Generalized Block Diagonalization Precoding Algorithms for Multiuser MIMO Systems
Creators: name: Zu, K.
name: de Lamare, R. C.
name: Haardt, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Block diagonalization (BD) based precoding techniques are well-known linear transmit strategies for multiuser MIMO (MU-MIMO) systems. By employing BD-type precoding algorithms at the transmit side, the MU-MIMO broadcast channel is decomposed into multiple independent parallel single user MIMO (SU-MIMO) channels and achieves the maximum diversity order at high data rates. The main computational complexity of BD-type precoding algorithms comes from two singular value decomposition (SVD) operations, which depend on the number of users and the dimensions of each user's channel matrix. In this work, low-complexity precoding algorithms are proposed to reduce the computational complexity and improve the performance of BD-type precoding algorithms. We devise a strategy based on a common channel inversion technique, QR decompositions, and lattice reductions to decouple the MU-MIMO channel into equivalent SU-MIMO channels. Analytical and simulation results show that the proposed precoding algorithms can achieve a comparable sum-rate performance as BD-type precoding algorithms, substantial bit error rate (BER) performance gains, and a simplified receiver structure, while requiring a much lower complexity.
description: 7 figures, 10 pages. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 2013. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1304.6470
3D Theory of Microscopic Instabilities Driven by Space-Charge Forces
Creators: name: Litvinenko, Vladimir
name: Jing, Yichao
name: Ma, Jun
name: Petrushina, Irina
name: Shih, Kai
name: Wang, Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Microscopic, or short-wavelength, instabilities are known for drastic reduction of the beam quality and strong amplification of the noise in a beam. Space charge and coherent synchrotron radiation are known to be the leading causes for such instabilities. In this paper we present rigorous 3D theory of such instabilities driven by the space-charge forces. We define the condition when our theory is applicable for an arbitrary accelerator system with 3D coupling. Finally, we derive a linear integral equation describing such instability and identify conditions when it can be reduced to an ordinary second order differential equation.
description: 38 pages, 3 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2101.04103
Hydrodynamic Entropy and Emergence of Order in Two-dimensional Euler Turbulence
Creators: name: Verma, Mahendra K.
name: Chatterjee, Soumyadeep
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using numerical simulations, we show that the asymptotic states of two-dimensional (2D) Euler turbulence exhibit large-scale flow structures due to nonzero energy transfers among small wavenumber modes. These asymptotic states, which depend on the initial conditions, are out of equilibrium, and they are different from the predictions of Onsager and Kraichnan. We propose ``hydrodynamic entropy'' to quantify order in 2D Euler turbulence; we show that this entropy decreases with time, even though the system is isolated with no dissipation and no contact with a heat bath.
Effects of galaxy intrinsic alignment on weak lensing peak statistics
Creators: name: Zhang, Tianyu
name: Liu, Xiangkun
name: Wei, Chengliang
name: Li, Guoliang
name: Luo, Yu
name: Kang, Xi
name: Fan, Zuhui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The galaxy intrinsic alignment (IA) is a dominant source of systematics in weak lensing (WL) studies. In this paper, by employing large simulations with semi-analytical galaxy formation, we investigate the IA effects on WL peak statistics. Different simulated source galaxy samples of different redshift distributions are constructed, where both WL shear and IA signals are included. Convergence reconstruction and peak statistics are then performed for these samples. Our results show that the IA effects on peak abundances mainly consist of two aspects. One is the additional contribution from IA to the shape noise. The other is from the satellite IA that can affect the peak signals from their host clusters significantly. The latter depends on the level of inclusion in a shear sample of the satellite galaxies of the clusters that contribute to WL peaks, and thus is sensitive to the redshift distribution of source galaxies. We pay particular attention to satellite IA and adjust it artificially in the simulations to analyze the dependence of the satellite IA impacts on its strength. This information can potentially be incorporated into the modeling of WL peak abundances, especially for high peaks physically originated from massive clusters of galaxies, and thus to mitigate the IA systematics on the cosmological constraints derived from WL peaks.
description: 17 pages, 17 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Coordinate regulation of DNA methyltransferase expression during oogenesis
Creators: name: Lucifero, Diana
name: La Salle, Sophie
name: Bourc'his, Déborah
name: Martel, Josée
name: Bestor, Timothy H.
name: Trasler, Jacquetta
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Oogenesis
subject: Mammals--Development
subject: Transposons
subject: Methyltransferases
subject: Developmental biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Background: Normal mammalian development requires the action of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) for the establishment and maintenance of DNA methylation within repeat elements and imprinted genes. Here we report the expression dynamics of Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b, as well as a regulator of DNA methylation, Dnmt3L, in isolated female germ cells. Results: Our results indicate that these enzymes are coordinately regulated and that their expression peaks during the stage of postnatal oocyte development when maternal methylation imprints are established. We find that Dnmt3a, Dnmt3b, Dnmt3L and Dnmt1o transcript accumulation is related to oocyte diameter. Furthermore, DNMT3L deficient 15 dpp oocytes have aberrantly methylated Snrpn, Peg3 and Igf2r DMRs, but normal IAP and LINE-1 methylation levels, thereby highlighting a male germ cell specific role for DNMT3L in the establishment of DNA methylation at repeat elements. Finally, real-time RT-PCR analysis indicates that the depletion of either DNMT3L or DNMT1o in growing oocytes results in the increased expression of the de novo methyltransferase Dnmt3b, suggesting a potential compensation mechanism by this enzyme for the loss of one of the other DNA methyltransferases. Conclusion: Together these results provide a better understanding of the developmental regulation of Dnmt3a, Dnmt3b and Dnmt3L at the time of de novo methylation during oogenesis and demonstrate that the involvement of DNMT3L in retrotransposon silencing is restricted to the male germ line. This in turn suggests the existence of other factors in the oocyte that direct DNA methylation to transposons.
Detection of mitochondrial insertions in the nucleus (NuMts) of Pleistocene and modern muskoxen
Creators: name: Kolokotronis, Sergios-Orestis
name: MacPhee, Ross
name: Greenwood, Alex D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Evolution (Biology)
subject: DNA--Research
subject: Mitochondrial DNA
subject: Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cytology

description: Background: Nuclear insertions of mitochondrial sequences (NuMts) have been identified in a wide variety of organisms. Trafficking of genetic material from the mitochondria to the nucleus has occurred frequently during mammalian evolution and can lead to the production of a large pool of sequences with varying degrees of homology to organellar mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences. This presents both opportunities and challenges for forensics, population genetics, evolutionary genetics, conservation biology and the study of DNA from ancient samples. Here we present a case in which difficulties in ascertaining the organellar mtDNA sequence from modern samples hindered their comparison to ancient DNA sequences.
Results: We obtained mitochondrial hypervariable region (HVR) sequences from six ancient samples of tundra muskox (Ovibos moschatus) that were reproducible but distinct from modern muskox sequences reported previously. Using the same PCR primers applied to the ancient specimens and the primers used to generate the modern muskox DNA sequences in a previous study, we failed to definitively identify the organellar sequence from the two modern muskox samples tested. Instead of anticipated sequence homogeneity, we obtained multiple unique sequences from both hair and blood of one modern specimen. Sequencing individual clones of a > 1 kb PCR fragment from modern samples did not alleviate the problem as there was not a consistent match across the entire length of the sequences to Ovibos when compared to sequences in GenBank.
Conclusion: In specific taxa, due to nuclear insertions some regions of the mitochondrial genome may not be useful for the characterization of modern or ancient DNA.
Fluctuation-induced pressures in fluids in thermal nonequilibrium steady states
Creators: name: Kirkpatrick, T. R.
name: de Zárate, J. M. Ortiz
name: Sengers, J. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Correlations in fluids in nonequilibrium steady states are long ranged. Hence, finite-size effects have important consequences in the nonequilibrium thermodynamics of fluids. One consequence is that nonequilibrium temperature fluctuations induce nonequilibrium Casimir-like pressures proportional to the square of the temperature gradient. Hence, fluctuations cause a breakdown of the concept of local thermal equilibrium. Furthermore, transport coefficients become dependent on boundary conditions and on gravity. Thus nonequilibrium fluctuations affect some traditional concepts in nonequilibrium thermodynamics.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures, 1 table. Physical Review E, accepted
Equation of state in the generalized density scaling regime studied from ambient to ultra-high pressure conditions
Creators: name: Grzybowski, Andrzej
name: Koperwas, Kajetan
name: Paluch, Marian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, based on the effective intermolecular potential with well separated density and configuration contributions and the definition of the isothermal bulk modulus, we derive two similar equations of state dedicated to describe volumetric data of supercooled liquids studied in the extremely wide pressure range related to the extremely wide density range. Both the equations comply with the generalized density scaling law of molecular dynamics versus $h(ρ) / T$ at different densities $ρ$ and temperatures $T$, where the scaling exponent can be in general only a density function $γ(ρ) = \it{d} \rm{ln} \it{h / d} \rm{ln}ρ$ as recently argued by the theory of isomorphs. We successfully verify these equations of state by using data obtained from molecular dynamics simulations of the Kob-Andersen binary Lennard-Jones liquid. As a very important result, we find that the one-parameter density function $h(ρ)$ analytically formulated in the case of this prototypical model of supercooled liquid, which implies the one-parameter density function $γ(ρ)$, is able to scale the structural relaxation times with the value of this function parameter determined by fitting the volumetric simulation data to the equations of state. We also show that these equations of state properly describe the pressure dependences of the isothermal bulk modulus and the configurational isothermal bulk modulus in the extremely wide pressure range investigated by the computer simulations. Moreover, we discuss the possible forms of the density functions $h(ρ)$ and $γ(ρ)$ for real glass formers, which are suggested to be different from those valid for the model of supercooled liquid based on the Lennard-Jones intermolecular potential.
Evaluation of high-throughput functional categorization of human disease genes
Creators: name: Chen, James L.
name: Liu, Yang
name: Sam, Lee T.
name: Li, Jianrong
name: Lussier, Yves
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Medical genetics
subject: Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pathology

description: Background: Biological data that are well-organized by an ontology, such as Gene Ontology, enables high-throughput availability of the semantic web. It can also be used to facilitate high throughput classification of biomedical information. However, to our knowledge, no evaluation has been published on automating classifications of human diseases genes using Gene Ontology. In this study, we evaluate automated classifications of well-defined human disease genes using their Gene Ontology annotations and compared them to a gold standard. This gold standard was independently conceived by Valle's research group, and contains 923 human disease genes organized in 14 categories of protein function.
Results: Two automated methods were applied to investigate the classification of human disease genes into independently pre-defined categories of protein function. One method used the structure of Gene Ontology by pre-selecting 74 Gene Ontology terms assigned to 11 protein function categories. The second method was based on the similarity of human disease genes clustered according to the information-theoretic distance of their Gene Ontology annotations. Compared to the categorization of human disease genes found in the gold standard, our automated methods can achieve an overall 56% and 47% precision with 62% and 71% recall respectively. However, approximately 15% of the studied human disease genes remain without GO annotations.
Conclusion: Automated methods can recapitulate a significant portion of classification of the human disease genes. The method using information-theoretic distance performs slightly better on the precision with some loss in recall. For some protein function categories, such as 'hormone' and 'transcription factor', the automated methods perform particularly well, achieving precision and recall levels above 75%. In summary, this study demonstrates that for semantic webs, methods to automatically classify or analyze a majority of human disease genes require significant progress in both the Gene Ontology annotations and particularly in the utilization of these annotations.
Scalar particles around a Rindler-Schwarzschild wormhole
Creators: name: Muniz, C. R.
name: Christiansen, H. R.
name: Cunha, M. S.
name: Furtado, J.
name: Bezerra, V. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we study quantum relativistic features of a scalar field around the Rindler-Schwarzschild wormhole. First, we introduce this new class of spacetime, investigating some energy conditions and verifying their violation in a region nearby the wormhole throat, which means that the object has to have an exotic energy in order to prevent its collapse. Then, we study the behavior of the massless scalar field in this spacetime and compute the effective potential by means of tortoise coordinates. We show that such a potential is attractive nearby the wormhole throat and that is traversable via quantum tunneling by massive particles with sufficiently low energies. The solution of the Klein-Gordon equation is obtained subsequently, showing that the energy spectrum of the field is subject to a constraint which induces a decreasing oscillatory behavior. On imposing Dirichlet boundary conditions on a spherical shell nearby the throat we then determine the particle energy levels, and we use this spectrum to calculate the quantum revival of the eigenstates. Finally, we compute the Casimir energy associated with the massless scalar field at zero temperature. We perform this calculation by means of the sum of modes method. The zero-point energy is regularized using the Epstein-Hurwitz zeta-function. We also obtain an analytical expression for the Casimir force acting on the shell.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures
Tracing the Outflow of a z=0.334 FeLoBAL: New Constraints from Low-Ionization Absorbers in FBQS J1151+3822
Creators: name: Lucy, Adrian B.
name: Leighly, Karen M.
name: Terndrup, Donald M.
name: Dietrich, Matthias
name: Gallagher, Sarah C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show for the first time that FBQS J1151+3822 is an iron low-ionization broad absorption line quasar (FeLoBAL QSO), the second-brightest and second-closest known example of this class. He I* and Fe II together act as an effective analytical tool, allowing us to obtain useful kinematic constraints from photoionization models of the outflow without needing to assume any particular acceleration model. The main outflow's log ionization parameter is -1.5, the log hydrogen density [cm^(-3)] 5.5 to 8, the log hydrogen column density [cm^(-2)] 21.7 to 21.9, the absorption radius 7.2 to 127 pc, and the kinetic luminosity 0.16% to 4.5% of the bolometric luminosity. We obtain line-of-sight covering fractions of ~0.25 for strong Fe II, ~0.5 for He I*, and ~0.6 for Mg II. Narrower and shallower absorption lines from weaker Fe II and Mn II with outflow velocity ~3400 km/s have appeared between 2005 and 2011, suggesting that dense cores may have condensed inside the main outflow. Consideration of the literature might suggest that the FBQS J1151+3822 outflow is a member of a rare and distinct sub-class of FeLoBALs with high densities and correspondingly small absorption radii. We find, however, that such outflows are not necessarily a distinct sub-class, and that their apparent rarity could be a symptom of selection bias in studies using density-sensitive lines.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 68 pages (author-created manuscript), 16 figures, 5 tables. v2/v3: minor typos corrected
title: Πολυκριτήρια μεθοδολογία μέτρησης της ικανοποίησης του εκπαιδευόμενου προσωπικού του κέντρου εξομοιωτών αρμάτων
title: Multi-Criteria satisfaction analysis of the trainee of the tank simulation center
Creators: name: Μερμικλης Αποστολος
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2020

description: Στο πλαίσιο της παρούσας μεταπτυχιακής διατριβής «Πολυκριτήρια Μεθοδολογία Μέτρη-σης της Ικανοποίησης του Εκπαιδευόμενου Προσωπικού του Κέντρου Εξομοιωτών Αρμά-των» διεξήχθη έρευνα η οποία αναφερόταν στην ικανοποίηση των εκπαιδευομένων από την παρεχόμενη εκπαίδευση του Κέντρου Εξομοιωτών Αρμάτων. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, η εν λόγω έρευνα εστίασε σε προσωπικό ανεξαρτήτως επαγγελματικής εμπειρίας, βαθμού, ηλι-κίας και φύλου με απώτερο σκοπό την εξόρυξη του επιπέδου ικανοποίησης των εκπαιδευ-ομένων και την εξεύρεση των σημείων βελτίωσης του Κέντρου Εξομοιωτών.
Ορίζοντας λοιπόν σε πρώτη φάση το θεωρητικό υπόβαθρο της Ικανοποίησης στην Εκπαί-δευση και τη Μεθοδολογική προσέγγιση της Μεθόδου MUSA, καθορίστηκε το δείγμα και οι βασικοί στόχοι της έρευνας.
Σε δεύτερη φάση, τηρήθηκαν επακριβώς όλα τα βήματα της διαδικασίας σχεδιασμού μίας έρευνας, το οποίο μεταξύ άλλων αποτελεί και ένα από τα βασικότερα στάδια εφαρμογής ενός προγράμματος μέτρησης ικανοποίησης, αναπτύχθηκε ένα ερωτηματολόγιο διαμέσου του οποίου έγινε και η συλλογή των απαιτούμενων δεδομένων.
Ολοκληρώνοντας επιτυχώς τη διαδικασία της συλλογής δεδομένων ακολούθησε η εξαγω-γή των αποτελεσμάτων μέσω του προγράμματος της MUSA, μίας πολυκριτήριας μεθόδου μέτρησης ικανοποίησης, η οποία επιλέχθηκε να εφαρμοσθεί στην παρούσα εργασία. Τα αποτελέσματα της ικανοποίησης των εκπαιδευομένων αναλύονται εκτενέστερα, εξάγονται συμπεράσματα και παρατίθενται προτάσεις βελτίωσης.

description: In the context of the present postgraduate dissertation "Multi-Criteria Satisfaction Analysis of the Trainee of the Tank Simulation Center" a research was conducted which referred to the satisfaction of the trainees from the training provided by the Tank Simulation Center. Specifi-cally, this research focused on staff regardless of professional experience, grade, age and gender with the ultimate goal of extracting the level of satisfaction of the trainees and finding the points of improvement of the Simulation Center.
In the first phase, we define the theoretical background of the Satisfaction in Education and the Methodological approach of the MUSA Method, the sample and the main objectives of the research were determined.
In the second phase, all the steps of the survey design process were followed exactly, which is - among other things - one of the main stages of the implementation of a satisfaction meas-urement program. Next, a questionnaire was developed through which the required data were collected.
After the data collection process was successfully completed, the results were extracted through the MUSA program, a multi-criteria satisfaction measurement method, which was chosen to be applied in the present research. The results of the trainees' satisfaction are ana-lyzed in more detail, conclusions are drawn and suggestions for improvement are presented.
Layered Constructions for Low-Delay Streaming Codes
Creators: name: Badr, Ahmed
name: Patil, Pratik
name: Khisti, Ashish
name: Tan, Wai-Tian
name: Apostolopoulos, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a new class of error correction codes for low-delay streaming communication. We consider an online setup where a source packet arrives at the encoder every $M$ channel uses, and needs to be decoded with a maximum delay of $T$ packets. We consider a sliding-window erasure channel --- $\cC(N,B,W)$ --- which introduces either up to $N$ erasures in arbitrary positions, or $B$ erasures in a single burst, in any window of length $W$. When $M=1$, the case where source-arrival and channel-transmission rates are equal, we propose a class of codes --- MiDAS codes --- that achieve a near optimal rate. Our construction is based on a {\em layered} approach. We first construct an optimal code for the $\cC(N=1,B,W)$ channel, and then concatenate an additional layer of parity-check symbols to deal with $N>1$. When $M > 1$, the case where source-arrival and channel-transmission rates are unequal, we characterize the capacity when $N=1$ and $W \ge M(T+1),$ and for $N>1$, we propose a construction based on a layered approach. Numerical simulations over Gilbert-Elliott and Fritchman channel models indicate significant gains in the residual loss probability over baseline schemes. We also discuss the connection between the error correction properties of the MiDAS codes and their underlying column distance and column span.
description: 32 pages, Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
End-to-end joint optimization of metasurface and image processing for compact snapshot hyperspectral imaging
Creators: name: Zhang, Qiangbo
name: Yu, Zeqing
name: Liu, Xinyu
name: Wang, Chang
name: Zheng, Zhenrong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Traditional snapshot hyperspectral imaging systems generally require multiple refractive-optics-based elements to modulate light, resulting in bulky framework. In pursuit of a more compact form factor, a metasurface-based snapshot hyperspectral imaging system, which achieves joint optimization of metasurface and image processing, is proposed in this paper. The unprecedented light manipulation capabilities of metasurfaces are used in conjunction with neural networks to encode and decode light fields for better hyperspectral imaging. Specifically, the extremely strong dispersion of metasurfaces is exploited to distinguish spectral information, and a neural network based on spectral priors is applied for hyperspectral image reconstruction. By constructing a fully differentiable model of metasurface-based hyperspectral imaging, the front-end metasurface phase distribution and the back-end recovery network parameters can be jointly optimized. This method achieves high-quality hyperspectral reconstruction results numerically, outperforming separation optimization methods. The proposed system holds great potential for miniaturization and portability of hyperspectral imaging systems.
Centennial-scale variability of the Southern Hemisphere westerly wind belt in the eastern Pacific over the past two millennia
Creators: name: Koffman, Bess G.
name: Kreutz, K. J.
name: Breton, D. J.
name: Kane, E. J.
name: Winski, D. A.
name: Birkel, S. D.
name: Kurbatov, A. V.
name: Handley, M. J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Dust
Climatic changes
Atmospheric circulation--Models
Atmosphere
Meteorology
Continents
Geodynamics

description: We present the first high-resolution (sub-annual) dust particle data set from West Antarctica, developed from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide deep ice core (79.468° S, 112.086° W), and use it to reconstruct changes in atmospheric circulation over the past 2400 years. We find a background dust flux of ~4 mg m−2 year−1 and a mode particle size of 5–8 μm diameter. Through comparing the WAIS Divide record with other Antarctic ice core particle records, we observe that coastal and lower-elevation sites have higher dust fluxes and coarser particle size distributions (PSDs) than sites on the East Antarctic plateau, suggesting input from local dust sources at these lower-elevation sites. In order to explore the use of the WAIS Divide dust PSD as a proxy for past atmospheric circulation, we make quantitative comparisons between both mid-latitude zonal wind speed and West Antarctic meridional wind speed and the dust size record, finding significant positive interannual relationships. We find that the dust PSD is related to mid-latitude zonal wind speed via cyclonic activity in the Amundsen Sea region. Using our PSD record, and through comparison with spatially distributed climate reconstructions from the Southern Hemisphere (SH) middle and high latitudes, we infer that the SH westerlies occupied a more southerly position from circa 1050 to 1400 CE (Common Era), coinciding with the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA). Subsequently, at ca. 1430 CE, the wind belt shifted equatorward, where it remained until the mid-to-late twentieth century. We find covariability between reconstructions of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the mid-latitude westerly winds in the eastern Pacific, suggesting that centennial-scale circulation changes in this region are strongly influenced by the tropical Pacific. Further, we observe increased coarse particle deposition over the past 50 years, consistent with observations that the SH westerlies have been shifting southward and intensifying in recent decades.
The Economics of Biochar: A Systematic Review Protocol
Creators: name: Campion, Luca
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Life Sciences
subject: Economics
subject: Environmental Studies
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
subject: Agricultural and Resource Economics
subject: Natural Resource Economics
subject: Environmental Sciences
subject: Review Protocol
subject: Systematic Literature Review

description: This protocol describes the methodology of a systematic literature review concerning the economics of biochar. Both the protocol and the review that will follow from it follow the CEE guidelines. Biochar is a very carbonaceous material, produced by heating biomass in the absence of oxygen (pyrolysis). Biochar has many different applications and the ones considered here are composting, anaerobic digestion, manure storage, growing media, and soil amendment. The review will address two issues: i) to what extent have external costs and benefits been taken into account up until now and ii) based on the current evidence, is the production and/or use of biochar feasible/desirable.
Halting Migration in Magnetospherically Sculpted Protoplanetary Disks
Creators: name: Yu, Tze Yeung Mathew
name: Hansen, Brad
name: Hasegawa, Yasuhiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a physically motivated model for the manner in which a stellar magnetic field sculpts the inner edge of a protoplanetary disk, and examine the consequence for the migration and stopping of sub-Neptune and super-Earth planets. This model incorporates a transition zone exterior to the inner truncation of the disk, where the surface density profile is modified by the diffusion of the stellar magnetic field into the disk. This modification results in a migration trap at the outer edge of the transition zone. We performed simulations of single planet migration, considering a range of stellar magnetic field strengths and magnetic diffusion profiles. Our simulations show a tight relationship between the final locations of planets and the total magnetic budget available for the disk from their host star. We found that a stellar magnetic field between 67 to 180G and a power-law index between 3 and 2.75 can reasonably reproduce the location at which the observed occurrence rate of close-in Super-Earth and Sub-Neptune populations changes slope.
description: Paper was submitted to MNRAS. Authors had received the first referee report requesting minor revision before reconsideration for publication
Fuzzy Clustering: A Neighborhood Level Continuous and Categorical Technique
Creators: name: Major, Damon
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2023

description: This paper proposes fuzzy clustering as a statistical technique to analyze neighborhoods in a manner which acknowledges three simple, yet difficult to account for characteristics; a universal dataset which covers the entirety of the US; categorical classifications which utilize a range of variables; and an acknowledgement of the heterogeneity within classifications. Structured in two sections, the first posits that fuzzy clustering performs better than k-means clustering, the most widely used dimension reduction technique. To demonstrate this, two comparative models are created using census data from 2010 and 2020. Through these models, clustering fit is tested through a t-test of with sum-of-squares, demonstrating that fuzzy clustering provides an optimal output. Then, the predictive power is tested by analyzing neighborhood transitions between 2010 and 2020, where lower BIC scores show that latent minority membership provides a significant added value. The second portion focuses on identifying the added value for fuzzy clustering, where the paper identifies differing characteristics within a single neighborhood typology, and how neighborhoods which exhibit multiple characteristics are distributed across different metropolitan areas. Concluding, it shifts the scale of the analysis to the metropolitan region of Chicago, and then the neighborhood of Hyde Park where it concretizes how fuzzy clustering identifies census tracts that do not neatly align with a single category.
Emergent many-body composite excitations of interacting spin-1/2 trimers
Creators: name: Bera, A. K.
name: Yusuf, S. M.
name: Saha, S. K.
name: Kumar, M.
name: Voneshen, D.
name: Skourski, Y.
name: Zvyagin, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding exotic forms of magnetism in quantum spin systems is an emergent topic of modern condensed matter physics. Quantum dynamics can be described by particle-like carriers of information, known-as quasiparticles that appear from the collective behaviour of the underlying system. Spinon excitations, governing the excitations of quantum spin-systems, have been accurately calculated and precisely verified experimentally for the antiferromagnetic chain model. However, identification and characterization of novel quasiparticles emerging from the topological excitations of the spin system having periodic exchange interactions are yet to be obtained. Here, we report the identification of emergent composite excitations of the novel quasiparticles doublons and quartons in spin-1/2 trimer-chain antiferromagnet Na2Cu3Ge4O12 (having periodic intrachain exchange interactions J1-J1-J2) and its topologically protected quantum 1/3 magnetization-plateau state. The characteristic energies, dispersion relations, and dynamical structure factor of neutron scattering as well as macroscopic quantum 1/3 magnetization-plateau state are in good agreement with the state-of-the-art dynamical density matrix renormalization group calculations.
description: 37 pages, 11 figures, 3 tables
Distributed SUSY Breaking: Dark Energy, Newton's Law and the LHC
Creators: name: Burgess, C. P.
name: van Nierop, L.
name: Williams, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We identify the underlying symmetry mechanism that suppresses the low-energy effective 4D cosmological constant within 6D supergravity models, leading to results suppressed by powers of the KK scale relative to the much larger masses associated with particles localized on codimension-2 branes. In these models the conditions for unbroken supersymmetry can be satisfied locally everywhere within the extra dimensions, but are obstructed by global conditions like flux quantization or the mutual inconsistency of boundary conditions at the various branes. Consequently quantities forbidden by supersymmetry cannot be nonzero until wavelengths of order the KK scale are integrated out, since only such long wavelength modes see the entire space and so know that supersymmetry breaks. We verify these arguments by extending earlier rugby-ball calculations of one-loop vacuum energies to more general pairs of branes within two warped extra dimensions. The predicted effective 4D vacuum energy density can be of order C (m Mg/4 pi Mp)^4, where Mg (Mp) is the rationalized 6D (4D) Planck scale and m is the heaviest brane-localized particle. Numerically this is C (5.6 x 10^{-5} eV)^4 if we take m = 173 GeV and take Mg as small as possible (10 TeV corresponding to KK size r < 1 micron), consistent with supernova bounds. C is a constant depending on details of the bulk spectrum, which could be ~ 500 for each of hundreds of fields. The value C ~ 6 x 10^6 gives the observed Dark Energy density.
Poster: Reconsidering the Conceptualisation of Accuracy as a Principle of Data Processing
Creators: name: Biasin, Elisabetta
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Accuracy
Data Protection
Privacy
Personalised Healthcare
In Silico World
In Silico Trials
In Silico Medicine
In Silico Health

description: Doctoral project poster by Elisabetta Biasin, titled: 'Reconsidering the Conceptualisation of Accuracy as a Principle of Data Processing Research' -- presented at the Leuven.AI Scientific Workshop of 2 June 2022. The research carried out in the doctoral project receives funding by In Silico World (Grant Agreement 101016503).
Fluctuation theorems without time-reversal symmetry
Creators: name: Wang, Chenjie
name: Feldman, D. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fluctuation theorems establish deep relations between observables away from thermal equilibrium. Until recently, the research on fluctuation theorems was focused on time-reversal-invariant systems. In this review we address some newly discovered fluctuation relations that hold without time-reversal symmetry, in particular, in the presence of an external magnetic field. One family of relations connects non-linear transport coefficients in the opposite magnetic fields. Another family relates currents and noises at a fixed direction of the magnetic field in chiral systems, such as the edges of some quantum Hall liquids. We review the recent experimental and theoretical research, including the controversy on the microreversibility without time-reversal symmetry, consider the applications of fluctuation theorems to the physics of topological states of matter, and discuss open problems.
description: Review; references added
OTSeq2Set: An Optimal Transport Enhanced Sequence-to-Set Model for Extreme Multi-label Text Classification
Creators: name: Cao, Jie
name: Zhang, Yin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Extreme multi-label text classification (XMTC) is the task of finding the most relevant subset labels from an extremely large-scale label collection. Recently, some deep learning models have achieved state-of-the-art results in XMTC tasks. These models commonly predict scores for all labels by a fully connected layer as the last layer of the model. However, such models can't predict a relatively complete and variable-length label subset for each document, because they select positive labels relevant to the document by a fixed threshold or take top k labels in descending order of scores. A less popular type of deep learning models called sequence-to-sequence (Seq2Seq) focus on predicting variable-length positive labels in sequence style. However, the labels in XMTC tasks are essentially an unordered set rather than an ordered sequence, the default order of labels restrains Seq2Seq models in training. To address this limitation in Seq2Seq, we propose an autoregressive sequence-to-set model for XMTC tasks named OTSeq2Set. Our model generates predictions in student-forcing scheme and is trained by a loss function based on bipartite matching which enables permutation-invariance. Meanwhile, we use the optimal transport distance as a measurement to force the model to focus on the closest labels in semantic label space. Experiments show that OTSeq2Set outperforms other competitive baselines on 4 benchmark datasets. Especially, on the Wikipedia dataset with 31k labels, it outperforms the state-of-the-art Seq2Seq method by 16.34% in micro-F1 score. The code is available at https://github.com/caojie54/OTSeq2Set.
description: EMNLP 2022
The degenerate J-flow and the Mabuchi energy on minimal surfaces of general type
Creators: name: Song, Jian
name: Weinkove, Ben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove existence, uniqueness and convergence of solutions of the degenerate J-flow on Kahler surfaces. As an application, we establish the properness of the Mabuchi energy for Kahler classes in a certain subcone of the Kahler cone on minimal surfaces of general type.
description: 15 pages, to appear in Universitatis Iagellonicae Acta Mathematica
Community-x-ray: considering real life impact with community-driven tools
Creators: name: COUVINHAS, Ana
name: PAUL, Bradley
name: COELHO, Denis
name: WALTER, John
name: FERRARA, Patricia
Publisher: name: CPH Conference : 11th International Symposium on Human Factors in Organisational Design and Management
Year: 2014

description: Community-x-ray Project is experimenting new approaches to research, monitoring and evaluation in northern Mozambique. Innovations being developed and tested propose a different approach to development by implementing a set of technologies and community-driven tools to provide NGOs, companies, associations and others with useful information about projects’ social impacts and potential interventions. Community-x-ray is empowering because it gives expression to what is important to people in their everyday life. That is, people self-identifying relevant activities and the related time allocation. Its tools and techniques (“Field Diaries” and “Photo Project”) allow project implementers and the community alike to consider real life impact.
Plasma distribution in Mercury’s magnetosphere derived from MESSENGER Magnetometer and Fast Imaging Plasma Spectrometer observations
Creators: name: Korth, Haje
name: Anderson, Brian J.
name: Gershman, Daniel J.
name: Raines, Jim M.
name: Slavin, James A.
name: Zurbuchen, Thomas H.
name: Solomon, Sean C.
name: McNutt Jr., Ralph L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Magnetosphere
subject: Plasma (Ionized gases)
subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Planetology

description: We assess the statistical spatial distribution of plasma in Mercury’s magnetosphere from observations of magnetic pressure deficits and plasma characteristics by the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft. The statistical distributions of proton flux and pressure were derived from 10 months of Fast Imaging Plasma Spectrometer (FIPS) observations obtained during the orbital phase of the MESSENGER mission. The Magnetometer-derived pressure distributions compare favorably with those deduced from the FIPS observations at locations where depressions in the magnetic field associated with the presence of enhanced plasma pressures are discernible in the Magnetometer data. The magnitudes of the magnetic pressure deficit and the plasma pressure agree on average, although the two measures of plasma pressure may deviate for individual events by as much as a factor of ~3. The FIPS distributions provide better statistics in regions where the plasma is more tenuous and reveal an enhanced plasma population near the magnetopause flanks resulting from direct entry of magnetosheath plasma into the low-latitude boundary layer of the magnetosphere. The plasma observations also exhibit a pronounced north-south asymmetry on the nightside, with markedly lower fluxes at low altitudes in the northern hemisphere than at higher altitudes in the south on the same field line. This asymmetry is consistent with particle loss to the southern hemisphere surface during bounce motion in Mercury’s offset dipole magnetic field.
SINFDDAN TASHQARI MASHG'ULOTLAR JARAYONIDA O'QUVCHI MA'NAVIYATINI RIVOJLANTIRISHDA KITOB O'QISH TAMOYILI
Creators: name: Xudayqulova, Madina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Boshlang'ich sinflarda sinfdan tashqari o'qishga kichik yoshdagi o'quvchilarni ona tilini puxta o'zlashtirishga tayyorlashning ajralmas qismi, ta'lim jarayonoda ularni ahloqiy-estetik tarbiyalashning muhim vositasi sifatida qaraladi. Sinfdan  tashqari o'qishning maqsadi-kichik yoshdagi o'quvchilarni bolalar adabiyoti va xalq og'zaki ijodining xilma-xil namunalari bilan tanishtirish, ularda kitobxonlik madaniyatini tiklab tarkib toptirishdir.
Different ways of defining and measuring company size when studying its effects on OHS: a literature study
Creators: name: NORDLÖF, Hasse
Publisher: name: CPH Conference : 11th International Symposium on Human Factors in Organisational Design and Management
Year: 2014

description: Company size is a proxy variable for other variables affecting occupational health and safety (OHS) performance. The aim of this literature study was twofold: to give an overview on how it empirically has been shown that smaller and larger companies differ from one another in terms of OHS, and to present how earlier studies have defined company size when studying its effects on OHS. Earlier studies show for example that the OHS standard improves as company size increases. Number of employees was the most common way to define company size. Ordinal scale data was the most commonly used scale-of-measure.
Open Science, la ricerca del futuro
Creators: name: Masuzzo, Paola Chiara
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Open Science

description: Questa è la mia keynote all'XI Convegno nazionale NILDE sul Document Delivery e la cooperazione interbibliotecaria dal titolo "Un’esplosione di conoscenza: dalla teoria alla pratica per ridurre le disuguaglianze". In questa presentazione parlo di: Perché Open Science? La retorica dell’eccellenza e l’effetto Matteo Cosa fa bene alla ricerca Open Science & inclusione Alcune info utili: Dove: Università degli Studi di Messina Quando: 28 settembre 2022 Pagina web: Convegno NILDE 2022 Dove si può rivedere? Sulla pagina FB di Università degli Studi di Messina Lingua: Italiano Altre risorse: file HTML
The intervention design and analysis scorecard: a business decision-making tool for participatory design of integrated health an
Creators: name: ROBERTSON, Michelle M.
name: HENNING, Robert
name: WARREN, Nicholas
name: NOBREGA, Suzanne
name: DOVE-STEINKAMP, Megan
name: BIZARRO, Andrea
name: Team, The CPH-NEW Research
Publisher: name: CPH Conference : 11th International Symposium on Human Factors in Organisational Design and Management
Year: 2014

description: Using a participatory ergonomics framework, the Intervention Design and Analysis Scorecard (IDEAS) was developed and tested for engaging front-line employees
in the design of integrated safety and health interventions. The IDEAS provides a stepwise approach for developing intervention proposals and was tested at four diverse worksites with trained facilitators. Employees were able to develop and gain management support for integrated interventions at each worksite.