cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Concentration Dependent Diffusion of Solvent in Heavy Oil
Creators: name: Carril Naranjo, José Eduardo
Publisher: name: Schulich School of Engineering
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solvent diffusion
subject: Engineering--Petroleum

description: In recent years, solvent-based methods have arisen as a feasible alternative to thermal schemes for heavy oil recovery, owed to the diffusive solvent mass transfer effect on oil mobility. The increasing incorporation of significant diffusion physics to models describing the process will lead to successful field implementations. In this work, a numerical model that captures the solvent diffusion coefficient dependence, on its concentration in solvent – bitumen / heavy oil systems, was developed and tested. The interFoam solver was enabled to account for two phases and a miscible component diffusing between them. Then, one-dimensional diffusion simulations were conducted to validate its results against analytical solutions. Once the two phases and miscible component diffusion features were validated, the solvent diffusivity concentration dependence feature was added to the numerical model. This attribute was later evaluated against experimental measurements of solvent concentration evolution in heavy oil and bitumen. To this end, results from two experimental works were considered as reference. This study demonstrates that the diffusivities observed in the solvent – heavy oil / bitumen systems analysed can be numerically handled by the model presented. Additionally, the solvent concentration dependence feature makes of the model an important tool to evaluate its effect on viscous oil and it can potentially be implemented in pore scale models.
Complexity of Model Checking Recursion Schemes for Fragments of the Modal Mu-Calculus
Creators: name: Kobayashi, Naoki
name: Ong, C. -H. Luke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.3.1, D.2.4

description: Ong has shown that the modal mu-calculus model checking problem (equivalently, the alternating parity tree automaton (APT) acceptance problem) of possibly-infinite ranked trees generated by order-n recursion schemes is n-EXPTIME complete. We consider two subclasses of APT and investigate the complexity of the respective acceptance problems. The main results are that, for APT with a single priority, the problem is still n-EXPTIME complete; whereas, for APT with a disjunctive transition function, the problem is (n-1)-EXPTIME complete. This study was motivated by Kobayashi's recent work showing that the resource usage verification of functional programs can be reduced to the model checking of recursion schemes. As an application, we show that the resource usage verification problem is (n-1)-EXPTIME complete.
Generating Coherent Argumentative Paragraphs
Creators: name: Elhadad, Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1992
Subjects: Computer science
Information technology

description: We address the problem of generating a coherent paragraph presenting arguments for a conclusion in a text generation system. Existing text planning techniques are not appropriate tbr this task for two main reasons: they do not explain how arguments can be linked together in a linear presentation order and they do not explain how the rhetorical function of a proposition affects its wording.
Meeting the Next Generation Science Standards with SEDAC Data
Creators: name: Downs, Robert R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Science--Study and teaching
Information technology

description: Many of the learning goals of the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) can be achieved by utilizing scientific data in the classroom to foster understanding of science and its applications. The NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC) offers access to data on human interactions in the environment that can be used in the classroom to improve understanding by students and meet NGSS learning goals.
Plasmonics of coupled graphene micro-structures
Creators: name: Yan, Hugen
name: Xia, Fengnian
name: Li, Zhiqiang
name: Avouris, Phaedon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The optical response of graphene micro-structures, such as micro-ribbons and disks, is dominated by the localized plasmon resonance in the far infrared (IR) spectral range. An ensemble of such structures is usually involved and the effect of the coupling between the individual structures is expected to play an important role. In this paper, the plasmonic coupling of graphene microstructures in different configurations is investigated. While a relatively weak coupling between graphene disks on the same plane is observed, the coupling between vertically stacked graphene disks is strong and a drastic increase of the resonance frequency is demonstrated. The plasmons in a more complex structure can be treated as the hybridization of plasmons from more elementary structures. As an example, the plasmon resonances of graphene micro-rings are presented, in conjunction with their response in a magnetic field. Finally, the coupling of the plasmon and the surface polar phonons of SiO2 substrate is demonstrated by the observation of a new hybrid resonance peak around 500cm-1.
description: Submitted to New Journal of Physics, special issue for graphene optics
Generating Argumentative Judgment Determiners
Creators: name: Elhadad, Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1993
Subjects: Computer science
Information technology

description: This paper presents a procedure to generate judgment determiners, e.g., many, few. Although such determiners carry very little objective information, they are extensively used in everyday language. The paper presents a precise characterization of a class of such determiners using three semantic tests. A conceptual representation for sets is then derived from this characterization which can serve as an input to a generator capable of producing judgment determiners. In a second part, a set of syntactic features controlling the realization of complex determiner sequences is presented. The mapping from the conceptual input to this set of syntactic features is then presented. The presented procedure relies on a description of the speaker's argumentative intent to control this mapping and to select appropriate judgment determiners.
Geometrical exponents of contour loops on synthetic multifractal rough surfaces: multiplicative hierarchical cascade p-model
Creators: name: Hosseinabadi, S.
name: Rajabpour, M. A.
name: Movahed, M. Sadegh
name: Allaei, S. M. Vaez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we study many geometrical properties of contour loops to characterize the morphology of synthetic multifractal rough surfaces, which are generated by multiplicative hierarchical cascading processes. To this end, two different classes of multifractal rough surfaces are numerically simulated. As the first group, singular measure multifractal rough surfaces are generated by using the $p$ model. The smoothened multifractal rough surface then is simulated by convolving the first group with a so-called Hurst exponent, $H^*$ . The generalized multifractal dimension of isoheight lines (contours), $D(q)$, correlation exponent of contours, $x_l$, cumulative distributions of areas, $ξ$, and perimeters, $η$, are calculated for both synthetic multifractal rough surfaces. Our results show that for both mentioned classes, hyperscaling relations for contour loops are the same as that of monofractal systems. In contrast to singular measure multifractal rough surfaces, $H^*$ plays a leading role in smoothened multifractal rough surfaces. All computed geometrical exponents for the first class depend not only on its Hurst exponent but also on the set of $p$ values. But in spite of multifractal nature of smoothened surfaces (second class), the corresponding geometrical exponents are controlled by $H^*$, the same as what happens for monofractal rough surfaces.
description: 14 pages, 14 figures and 6 tables; V2: Added comments, references, table and major corrections
User-Sensitive Text Summarization - Thesis Summary
Creators: name: Elhadad, Noemie
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Computer science
Information technology

description: Text summarization has emerged as an increasingly established field over the course of the past ten years. We may soon reach a stage where researchers will be able to design, and provide everyday users with, robust text summarization systems. Users of text summarization are many and range from the Internet surfers lacking the time to locate and digest all the latest news available on the web to scientists unable to keep pace with the burgeoning number of technical publications who must, nonetheless, be familiar with the latest findings in their fields. Given texts to summarize, there is no a priori criteria for determining relevance for the summary. When humans summarize texts, they identify relevant information that they think will be of interest to the readers.
Inharmonic Speech: A Tool for the Study of Speech Perception and Separation
Creators: name: Ellis, Daniel P. W.
name: McDermott, Josh
name: Kawahara, Hideki
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Audiology
Computer science

description: This was the talk I gave for the paper I did with Josh McDermott and Hideki Kawahara on using the STRAIGHT analysis-synthesis framework to create "realistic" speech tokens where the voiced speech was composed of inharmonically-arranged components.
Power spectrum for the Bose-Einstein condensate dark matter
Creators: name: Velten, Hermano
name: Wamba, Etienne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We assume that dark matter is composed of scalar particles that form a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) at some point during the cosmic evolution. Afterwards, cold dark matter is in the form of a condensate and behaves slightly different from the standard dark matter component. We study the large scale perturbative dynamics of the BEC dark matter in a model where this component coexists with baryonic matter and cosmological constant. The perturbative dynamics is studied using neo- Newtonian cosmology (where the pressure is dynamically relevant for the homogeneous and isotropic background) which is assumed to be correct for small values of the sound speed. We show that BEC dark matter effects can be seen in the matter power spectrum if the mass of the condensate particle lies in the range 15meV < m < 700meV leading to a small, but perceptible, excess of power at large scales.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, Accepted for publication in Physics Letters B
Types in Functional Unification Grammars
Creators: name: Elhadad, Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1990
Subjects: Computer science
Information technology

description: Functional Unification Grammars (FUGs) are popular for natural language applications because the formalism uses very few primitives and is uniform and expressive. In our work on text generation, we have found that it also has annoying limitations: it is not suited for the expression of simple, yet very common, taxonomic relations and it does not allow the specification of completeness conditions. We have implemented an extension of traditional functional unification. This extension addresses these limitations while preserving the desirable properties of FUGs. It is based on the notions of typed features and typed constituents. We show the advantages of this extension in the context of a grammar used for text generation.
The clustering of galaxies in the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: measurements of the growth of structure and expansion rate at z=0.57 from anisotropic clustering
Creators: name: Reid, Beth A.
name: Samushia, Lado
name: White, Martin
name: Percival, Will J.
name: Manera, Marc
name: Padmanabhan, Nikhil
name: Ross, Ashley J.
name: Sánchez, Ariel G.
name: Bailey, Stephen
name: Bizyaev, Dmitry
name: Bolton, Adam S.
name: Brewington, Howard
name: Brinkmann, J.
name: Brownstein, Joel R.
name: Cuesta, Antonio J.
name: Eisenstein, Daniel J.
name: Gunn, James E.
name: Honscheid, Klaus
name: Malanushenko, Elena
name: Malanushenko, Viktor
name: Maraston, Claudia
name: McBride, Cameron K.
name: Muna, Demitri
name: Nichol, Robert C.
name: Oravetz, Daniel
name: Pan, Kaike
name: de Putter, Roland
name: Roe, N. A.
name: Ross, Nicholas P.
name: Schlegel, David J.
name: Schneider, Donald P.
name: Seo, Hee-Jong
name: Shelden, Alaina
name: Sheldon, Erin S.
name: Simmons, Audrey
name: Skibba, Ramin A.
name: Snedden, Stephanie
name: Swanson, Molly E. C.
name: Thomas, Daniel
name: Tinker, Jeremy
name: Tojeiro, Rita
name: Verde, Licia
name: Wake, David A.
name: Weaver, Benjamin A.
name: Weinberg, David H.
name: Zehavi, Idit
name: Zhao, Gong-Bo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the anisotropic clustering of massive galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) Data Release 9 (DR9) sample, which consists of 264,283 galaxies in the redshift range 0.43 < z < 0.7 spanning 3,275 square degrees. Both peculiar velocities and errors in the assumed redshift-distance relation ("Alcock-Paczynski effect") generate correlations between clustering amplitude and orientation with respect to the line-of-sight. Together with the sharp baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) standard ruler, our measurements of the broadband shape of the monopole and quadrupole correlation functions simultaneously constrain the comoving angular diameter distance (2190 +/- 61 Mpc) to z=0.57, the Hubble expansion rate at z=0.57 (92.4 +/- 4.5 km/s/Mpc), and the growth rate of structure at that same redshift (d sigma8/d ln a = 0.43 +/- 0.069). Our analysis provides the best current direct determination of both DA and H in galaxy clustering data using this technique. If we further assume a LCDM expansion history, our growth constraint tightens to d sigma8/d ln a = 0.415 +/- 0.034. In combination with the cosmic microwave background, our measurements of DA, H, and growth all separately require dark energy at z > 0.57, and when combined imply Ω_Λ = 0.74 +/- 0.016, independent of the Universe's evolution at z<0.57. In our companion paper (Samushia et al. prep), we explore further cosmological implications of these observations.
description: 19 pages, 11 figures, submitted to MNRAS, comments welcome
Guest molecular guided syntheses of 2-dimensional uranyl complexes with rigid benzenedicarboxylate ligands
Creators: name: Wu, Hong-Yan
name: Luo, Ju-Xiang
name: Li, Hao-Hong
name: Zhang, Jian-Han
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Two new heterometallic uranyl-organic frameworks (UOFs), [Cd(phen)2(H2O)2][(UO2)2(BDC)3]·2H2O (1) and [Ni(phen)3][(UO2)2(BDC)3]·2H2O (2), were obtained under hydrothermal conditions. Both crystal structures were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses and the results indicate that both complexes feature a similar 2D honeycomb framework that is connected by rigid benzenedicarboxylate (BDC) ligands and uranyl units. BDC works as a linker to bridge neighboring UO22+ units, where UO22+ is tris-chelated. Different guest molecules guided the stacking of 2D layers and lead into their 3D supramolecular crystal structures with different space groups. As a result, 1 crystallized in a polar space group Cc, whereas 2 belongs to a chiral space group P6122. Thermogravimetric measurements were performed to study their thermal stability. UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy measurements indicate an experimental optical bandgap of 3.87 eV and 3.63 eV, respectively, for 1 and 2. Luminescent studies of both samples show strong green light emissions.
Controlling Content Realization with Functional Unification Grammars
Creators: name: Elhadad, Michael
name: Robin, Jacques
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1992
Subjects: Computer science
Information technology

description: Standard Functional Unification Grammars (FUGs) provide a structurally guided top-down control regime for sentence generation. When using FUGs to perform content realization as a whole, including lexical choice, this regime is no longer appropriate for two reasons: (1) the unification of non-lexicalized semantic input with an integrated lexico-grammar requires mapping "floating" semantic elements which can trigger extensive backtracking and (2) lexical choice requires accessing external constraint sources on demand to preserve the modularity between conceptual and linguistic knowledge. We introduce two control tools that we have implemented for FUGs to address these limitations: bk-class, a form of dependency-directed backtracking to efficiently process "floating" constraints and external, a co-routine mechanism allowing a FUG to cooperate with external constraint sources during unification. We show how these tools complement the top-down regime of FUGs to control the whole content realization process.
Image Understanding Algorithms on Fine-Grained Tree-Structured SIMD Machines
Creators: name: Ibrahim, Hussein A. H.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1984
Subjects: Computer science

description: An Important goal for researchers In computer vision is the construction vision systems that Interpret Image data in real time. Such systems typically require a large amount of computation for processing raw Image data at the lowest level, and for sophisticated decision making at the highest level Recent advances In VLSI circuitry· have led to several proposals for parallel architectures for computer vision systems. In this theSIS. we demonstrate that fine-grained tree-structured SIMD machines, which have favorable characteristics for efficient VLSI Implementation, can be used for the rapid execution of a wide range of Image understanding tasks We also Identify the limitations of these architectures and propose methods to ameliorate these difficulties. The NON-VON supercomputer, currently being constructed at Columbia University, is an example of such an architecture. The major contribution of this thesis IS the development and analysis of several parallel Image understanding algorithms for the class of architectures under consideration The algorithms developed In this research have been selected to span different levels of computer vision tasks They Include Image correlation, hlstogrammlng, connected component labeling, the computation of geometric properties, set operations, the Hough transform
method for detecting object boundaries, and the correspondence problem In
moving light display applications. The algorithms Incorporate novel approaches to reduce the effects of communication bottleneck usually associated With tree architectures
Approaches to Teaching the History of Medicine in Late Antiquity
Creators: name: Secord, Jared
name: Wright, Jessica
Publisher: name: Regents of the University of California
Year: 2019
Subjects: Late Antiquity
History of Medicine
Pedagogy
Medical Anthropology
Disability Studies
Magic
Religion

description: In this article, the authors propose that late antique medicine is a rich and versatile subject to teach in undergraduate courses, despite a seeming lack of sources and teaching resources. Following an introduction, authors Crislip, Langford, Llewellyn Ihssen, and Marx offer contributions describing their experiences teaching courses that offer some coverage of medicine in Late Antiquity. The contributions show that late antique medicine fits in easily as part of courses on magic and science, and that it lends itself to comparative or world-historical approaches. Late antique medicine likewise provides opportunities to explore the relationship of religion to science and of medicine to the humanities. The authors show that a range of approaches to late antique medicine, including disability studies and medical anthropology, can inspire productive and thoughtful responses from students, and serve as a helpful introduction to the medical humanities for aspiring healthcare professionals.
Kolb Learning Styles and the best Teaching Methods for Lifelong Learners. A study of professionals undertaking tertiary education
Creators: name: Doherty, Rachel E.
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: This research uses a mixed method design to investigate the relationship between Kolb’s Learning Styles and teaching methods that are effective with Lifelong Learners. Lifelong learners are an under-researched cohort of learners, but a cohort that is increasing in size. Furthermore, much of the research that has been conducted on Kolb’s Learning Styles has focused on traditional, full-time students rather than lifelong learners who have a wealth of professional work and life experience that could impact their learning style. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, including assessments of test performance and surveys of student preferences for teaching methods. Interviews and focus group discussions were also conducted with lecturers and lifelong learners to elicit their perspectives on the impact of various teaching approaches and Kolb's Learning Styles. The research found that matching teaching methods to Kolb's learning styles had little effect on test performance, with any differences being small and not statistically significant. In addition, analysis of learners' ratings of effective teaching methods found no correlation with their learning style. These findings suggest that using Kolb's learning style may not have a positive impact on lifelong learners. The second part of the research explored the views of lifelong learners and lecturers with regard to the Kolb Experiential Learning Cycle and Kolb Learning Styles. This aligns with the secondary aim of the thesis, which is to gain insight into the most effective methods to use with this type of learner. The findings indicate that lifelong learners placed the most value on content that was relevant to their professional lives, as well as learning methods such as demonstrations, case studies, discussions, and real-life examples. Lecturers were supportive of the Kolb Experiential Learning Cycle as it placed the learners’ professional experience at the heart of the learning process. They were also largely supportive of Kolb Learning Styles as a tool for helping learners reflect on how they learn and for understanding the diversity of learners in their classroom. The lecturers indicated that they tended to use a wider variety of teaching methods than they might have otherwise because they had previously heard that learning styles were important. Insights from this research are intended to inform and improve the education of educators, when teaching lifelong learners. The evidence suggests that Kolb learning styles make little difference to life-long learners, however, they rate teaching methods such as real-life examples and stories, feedback, live demonstrations, case studies, discussions and practice sessions as effective methods.
A Statistical Mechanics of Some Interconnection Networks
Creators: name: Pinsky, Eugene
name: Yemini, Yechiam
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1984
Subjects: Computer science

description: Despite intensive research on distributed processor interconnection architectures, relatively little work has been done on the performance analysis of such systems. The reason for this, besides the complexity of the behavior of such systems, is that Queueing Theory cannot easily handle systems consisting of many tightly interacting components. An alternate approach, based upon statistical mechanics, is used. We analyze interconnection structures such as crossbar, linear array, binary tree and ring.
The growth of galactic bulges through mergers in LCDM haloes revisited. I. Present-day properties
Creators: name: Zavala, Jesus
name: Avila-Reese, Vladimir
name: Firmani, Claudio
name: Boylan-Kolchin, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the Millennium I and II cosmological simulations to revisit the impact of mergers in the growth of bulges in central galaxies in the LCDM scenario. We seed galaxies within the growing CDM haloes using semi-empirical relations to assign stellar and gaseous masses, and an analytic treatment to estimate the transfer of stellar mass to the bulge of the remnant after a galaxy merger. We find that this model roughly reproduces the observed correlation between the bulge-to-total (B/T) mass ratio and stellar mass in present-day central galaxies as well as their observed demographics, although low-mass B/T<0.1 (bulgeless) galaxies might be scarce relative to the observed abundance. In our merger-driven scenario, bulges have a composite population made of (i) stars acquired from infalling satellites, (ii) stars transferred from the primary disc due to merger-induced perturbations, and (iii) newly formed stars in starbursts triggered by mergers. We find that (i) and (ii) are the main channels of mass assembly, with the first being dominant for massive galaxies, creating large bulges with different stellar populations than those of the inner discs, while the second is dominant for intermediate/low-mass galaxies creating small bulges with similar stellar populations to the inner discs. We associate the dominion of the first (second) channel to classical (pseudo) bulges, and compare the predicted fractions to observations. We remark that our treatment does not include other mechanisms of bulge growth such as intrinsic secular disc instabilities or misaligned gas accretion. We find that the evolution of the stellar and gaseous contents of the satellite as it moves towards the central galaxy is a key ingredient in setting the morphology of the remnant, and that a good match to the observed bulge demographics occurs when this evolution proceeds closely to that of the central galaxy.
description: Revised version, reduced to 15 pages and 5 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
An Overview of SURGE: a Reusable Comprehensive Syntactic Realization Component
Creators: name: Elhadad, Michael
name: Robin, Jacques
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1996
Subjects: Computer science
Information technology

description: This paper describes surge, a syntactic realization front-end for natural language generation systems. By gradually integrating complementary aspects of various linguistic theories within the computational framework of functional unification, surge has evolved to be one of the most comprehensive grammars of English for language generation available today. It has been successfully re-used in a variety of generators, with very different architectures and application domains.
The Connected Component Algorithm on The NON-VON Supercomputer
Creators: name: Ibrahim, Hussein A. H.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1984
Subjects: Computer science

description: The NON-VON Supercomputer  is a highly parallel tree-structured computer that is being Implemented at Columbia University. In this paper, we demonstrate that tree architectures with their favorable characteristics for VLSI Implementation, and fast global broadcast, lend themselves easily and naturally to the representation and manipulation of Images represented by hierarchical data structures A description of NON-VON architecture IS presented With an emphasis on the special architectural features that will be used m our Image understanding algorithms. We adopt a variation of the quad tree data structure, called the binary Image tree, to represent images in the NON-VON tree We show how Images are loaded in the NON-VON tree, and present the algorithm for budding the binary Image trees. An efficient Implementation of the connected component labeling algorithm on NON-VON is then presented Simulation results are discussed, and we show the fast execution time of the algorithm on NON-VON. Other algorithms are also developed, such as hlstogrammlng, Hough transform, Set operations and Image correlation, and we can conclude that NON-VON can be used to Implement efficiently several :important Image understanding tasks
Optimal placement and design of passive damper connectors for adjacent structures
Creators: name: Bigdeli, Kasra
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Passive coupling of adjacent structures is known to be an effective method to reduce undesirable vibrations and structural pounding effects. Past results have shown that reducing the number of dampers can considerably decrease implementation costs and does not significantly decrease the efficiency of the system. The main objective of this thesis is the optimal design of a limited number of dampers to minimize the inter-story drift. In this thesis, we present a bi-level optimization algorithm to find the optimal arrangement and mechanical properties of dampers placed between two adjacent buildings to minimize the maximum inter-story drift during (simulated) earthquake conditions. Under the assumption of equal damping coefficients for all dampers, the optimal damping configuration is found via five different approaches: exhaustive search, inserting dampers, inserting floors, locations of maximum relative velocity, and a genetic algorithm. Through several numerical tests, efficiency and robustness of each optimization method is examined. It is shown that the inserting damper method is the most efficient and reliable method, particularly for tall structures. It is also found that, assuming equal damping coefficients for all dampers, increasing the number of dampers can exacerbate the dynamic response of the system. Finding an efficient method to optimize dampers’ locations, we focus on the optimization of the damping coefficients. Letting the dampers have varying damping coefficients, the optimization problem of damping coefficients is an n-dimensional optimization problem, whose objective function is provided via a simulation. Therefore, we use non-gradient based techniques for the inner-loop of the algorithm. We compare three different methods: a genetic algorithm (GA), a mesh adaptive direct search (MADS) algorithm, and the robust approximate gradient sampling (RAGS) algorithm. RAGS is a derivative free optimization (DFO) method that exploits the structure of the finite minimax problem. Using these techniques, we show that there exists a threshold on the number of dampers inserted with respect to the efficiency of the retrofitting system. Furthermore, we show that using a structured internal subroutine (such as RAGS) for the inner-loop of the bi-level problem greatly increases the efficiency of the retrofitting system.
Three new zinc(II) 4′-chloro-2,2′:6′,2ʺ-terpyridine (4′-Cltpy)-based complexes: synthesis, spectroscopic and structural studies, thermal behavior, and Hirshfeld surface analysis
Creators: name: Marandi, Farzin
name: Bahrami, Aidin
name: Mahmoum-Gonbadi, Nahideh
name: Krautscheid, Harald
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Three new ZnII complexes with the ligand 4′-chloro-2,2′:6′,2ʺ-terpyridine (4′-Cltpy), [Zn(4′-Cltpy)(N3)2] (1), [Zn(4′-Cltpy)(NCS)2] (2) (two 1:1 metal/ligand complexes) and a 1:2 metal/ligand complex, [Zn(4′-Cltpy)2](NO3)2·2H2O (3), have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The structures of 1 and 2 contain a ZnN5 coordination sphere, which includes coordination from three nitrogen donors of the 4′-Cltpy ligand and two nitrogen atoms of two terminal azide or two terminal thiocyanate ligands, respectively. Addison’s τ value suggests a distorted square pyramidal coordination of ZnII in 1 and intermediate between square pyramidal and trigonal bipyramidal in 2. In the complex cation of 3, the ZnII center is coordinated by six nitrogen atoms from two 4′-Cltpy ligands in a distorted octahedral coordination geometry. In this structure, two non-coordinating nitrate anions serve as counterions, and there are two non-coordinating solvent water molecules. Hirshfeld surface analysis was employed to clarify the nature and extent of intermolecular interactions. In addition, the thermal stabilities of the compounds were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).
Asymptotically (anti) de Sitter Black Holes and Wormholes with a Self Interacting Scalar Field in Four Dimensions
Creators: name: Anabalon, Andres
name: Cisterna, Adolfo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The aim of this paper is to report on the existence of a wide variety of exact solutions, ranging from black holes to wormholes, when a conformally coupled scalar field with a self interacting potential containing a linear, a cubic and a quartic self interaction is taken as a source of the energy-momentum tensor, in the Einstein theory with a cosmological constant. Among all the solutions there are two particularly interesting. On the one hand, the spherically symmetric black holes when the cosmological constant is positive; they are shown to be everywhere regular, namely there is no singularity neither inside nor outside the event horizon. On the other hand, there are spherically symmetric and topological wormholes that connect two asymptotically (anti) de Sitter regions with a different value for the cosmological constant. The regular black holes and the wormholes are supported by everywhere regular scalar field configurations.
description: Final version
Compiling Path Expressions into VLSI Circuits
Creators: name: Anantharaman, T. S.
name: Clarke, E. M.
name: Foster, M. J.
name: Mishra, B.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1985
Subjects: Computer science

description: Path expressions were originally proposed  by Campbell and Haberman [2] as a mechanism for process synchronization at the monitor level in software.. Not unexpectedly, they also provided notation for specifying the behavior of asynchronous circuits. Motivated by these potential applications, we investigate how to directly translate path expressions into hardware. Our implementation is complicated in the case of multiple path expressions by the need for synchronization on event names that are common to more than one path. However, since events are inherently asynchronous in our model, all of our circuits must be self-timed. Nevertheless, the circuits produced by our construction have area proportional to N*log(N) where N is the total length of the multiple path expression under consideration. This bound holds regardless of the number of individual paths or the degree of synchronization between paths. Furthermore, if the structure of the path expression allows partitioning. the circuit can be layed out in a distributed fashion without additional area overhead.
Children's Use of Social Media and their Elementary Principals’ Perceptions and Leadership Practices Pertaining to This Usage: A Case Study in One School District in British Columbia
Creators: name: Sanbrooks, Jeremy J.
Publisher: name: Werklund School of Education
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: social media, technology, educational leadership, elementary principals, children
subject: Education--Administration
subject: Education--Elementary
subject: Education--Social Sciences

description: Children are using social media in and out of school. School principals are struggling to deal with problems (e.g., cyberbullying, sexting, privacy issues, depression) associated with young people using social media. Research related to teen use of social media and misuse of social media is available; however, in comparison, fewer studies have examined how younger children are using social media. The purpose of this qualitative case study was twofold: to understand (a) social media use among 9-to-11-year-old children and, (b) the influences on elementary school principals' leadership practices pertaining to children's social media usage. There were three methods used to collect data in this study: student surveys, student focus groups, and principal interviews. The data were coded and organized according to the research questions. Analysis and interpretation of findings were organized by way of examining the key research questions: (a) What social media platforms are children most using? (b) How and why are children using social media? (c) What are elementary principals' perceptions of children's social media usage? and (d) What leadership practices are elementary principals using to promote positive student social media usage? This research revealed that the children in this study tended to use YouTube, TikTok, and gaming platforms to actively engage with social media. This research also revealed that problems associated with young people and social media are spilling into elementary schools and the elementary principals in this study are using both proactive and reactive leadership practices to promote positive social media usage with their students. The study concludes by offering suggestions that may be useful in the work of promoting positive social media usage with children.
Neutrino properties in E6 x SU(2)F SUSY GUT with spontaneous CP violation
Creators: name: Maekawa, Nobuhiro
name: Takayama, Kenichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examined the neutrino sector in E6 x SU(2)F SUSY GUT with spontaneous CP violation. At a glance, the discrete symmetry, which is introduced in order to solve the SUSY CP problem, constrains the allowed operators too strongly for the neutrino sector to be consistent with the experimental data, i.e., the mu neutrino becomes massless as commented in the previous paper. We showed that this issue can be solved if some operators are taken into account. And we saw that such operators do not play an important role in studying quark and charged lepton sectors. The predictions on the neutrino masses and mixings are the same as the E6 models, which are consistent with various experiments on the neutrino oscillations.
description: 19 pages
The VLT-FLAMES survey of massive stars: NGC346-013 as a test case for massive close binary evolution
Creators: name: Ritchie, B. W.
name: Stroud, V. E.
name: Evans, C. J.
name: Clark, J. S.
name: Hunter, I.
name: Lennon, D. J.
name: Langer, N.
name: Smartt, S. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: NGC346-013 is a peculiar double-lined eclipsing binary in the Small Magellanic Cloud discovered by the VLT-FLAMES survey of massive stars. Spectra obtained with VLT-FLAMES are used to construct a radial velocity curve and photometry obtained with the Faulkes Telescope South is then used to derive orbital parameters, while spectra of the secondary are compared with synthetic spectra from TLUSTY model atmospheres. The orbital period is found to be 4.20381(12) days, with masses of 19.1+/-1.0 and 11.9+/-0.6 Msun. The primary is a rapidly rotating late-O dwarf while the secondary, an early-B giant, displays near-synchronous rotation and has filled its Roche lobe, implying that it was originally the more massive component with recent mass transfer `spinning up' the primary to near-critical rotation. Comparison with synthetic spectra finds temperatures of 34.5kK and 24.5kK for the primary and secondary respectively, with the nitrogen abundance of the secondary enhanced compared to baseline values for the SMC, consistent with the predictions of models of interacting binaries. NGC346-013 likely evolved via non-conservative mass transfer in a system with initial masses ~22+15Msun, with the well-constrained orbital solution and atmospheric parameters making it an excellent candidate for tailored modelling with binary evolution codes. This system will form a cornerstone in constraining the physics of thermal timescale mass transfer, and the associated mass transfer efficiency, in massive close binary systems.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Investigation of the Redox Performances of Manganite-based Perovskites for Isothermal CO2 Conversion Applications
Creators: name: Shrestha, Pradeep
Publisher: name: Schulich School of Engineering
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Engineering--Chemical
subject: Materials Science

description: The growing energy demand and heavy dependence on fossil fuels only aggravates the situation caused by global warming and climate change. Converting key Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) such as CO2 into valuable fuels and chemicals can tackle both the problem of climate change and global energy demand. Thermochemical splitting of CO2 into CO utilizing the redox cycles of manganite-based perovskites have been previously investigated. However, most of these studies have reduced the manganite-based perovskites using only thermal energy at elevated temperatures of 1400 oC and then re-oxidized it at 1050 oC. This study focuses on carrying out thermochemical splitting of CO2 into CO using the redox cycles of manganite-based perovskites in a Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA) at isothermal conditions. Moreover, CH4 was used as a reducing agent to reduce the perovskites at lower temperatures (≤ 900 oC). In particular, the effect of A and B –site substitution on the redox performances of the manganite-based perovskites were studied. Initially amongst the samples CaMnO3, La0.5Ca0.5MnO3, La0.5Sr0.5MnO3 and Y0.5Sr0.5MnO3 with varying A –site composition, La0.5Sr0.5MnO3 was identified of having the best performance in terms of both activity and stability. Further investigation of the La1-xSrxMnO3 perovskite family with x = 0.5, 0.25 and 0.10, revealed that La0.5Sr0.5MnO3 is the optimal composition. Moreover, the activation energy for reduction was found to decrease with increasing Sr content. Substituting the B –site of the La1-xSrxMnO3 perovskite with Al and Fe did not improve the performance of the material. Besides, 10 redox cycling tests for the perovskite samples showed stable O2 and CO production. The size variance and the metal-oxygen bond strength provide the best explanations for the trends observed in this study.
The Optical SN 2012bz Associated with the Long GRB 120422A
Creators: name: Melandri, A.
name: Pian, E.
name: Ferrero, P.
name: D'Elia, V.
name: Walker, E. S.
name: Ghirlanda, G.
name: Covino, S.
name: Amati, L.
name: D'Avanzo, P.
name: Mazzali, P. A.
name: Della Valle, M.
name: Guidorzi, C.
name: Antonelli, L. A.
name: Bernardini, M. G.
name: Bersier, D.
name: Bufano, F.
name: Campana, S.
name: Castro-Tirado, A. J.
name: Chincarini, G.
name: Deng, J.
name: Filippenko, A. V.
name: Fugazza, D.
name: Ghisellini, G.
name: Kouveliotou, C.
name: Maeda, K.
name: Marconi, G.
name: Masetti, N.
name: Nomoto, K.
name: Palazzi, E.
name: Patat, F.
name: Piranomonte, S.
name: Salvaterra, R.
name: Saviane, I.
name: Starling, R. L. C.
name: Tagliaferri, G.
name: Tanaka, M.
name: Vergani, S. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The association of Type Ic SNe with long-duration GRBs is well established. We endeavor, through accurate ground-based observational campaigns, to characterize these SNe at increasingly high redshifts. We obtained a series of optical photometric and spectroscopic observations of the Type Ic SN2012bz associated with the Swift long-duration GRB120422A (z=0.283) using the 3.6-m TNG and the 8.2-m VLT telescopes. The peak times of the light curves of SN2012bz in various optical filters differ, with the B-band and i'-band light curves reaching maximum at ~9 and ~23 rest-frame days, respectively. The bolometric light curve has been derived from individual bands photometric measurements, but no correction for the unknown contribution in the near-infrared (probably around 10-15%) has been applied. Therefore, the present light curve should be considered as a lower limit to the actual UV-optical-IR bolometric light curve. This pseudo-bolometric curve reaches its maximum (Mbol = -18.56 +/- 0.06) at 13 +/- 1 rest-frame days; it is similar in shape and luminosity to the bolometric light curves of the SNe associated with z<0.2 GRBs and more luminous than those of SNe associated with XRFs. A comparison with the model generated for the bolometric light curve of SN2003dh suggests that SN2012bz produced only about 15% less 56Ni than SN2003dh, about 0.35 Msol. Similarly the VLT spectra of SN2012bz, after correction for Galactic extinction and for the contribution of the host galaxy, suggest comparable explosion parameters with those observed in SN2003dh (EK~3.5 x 10^52 erg, Mej~7 Msol) and a similar progenitor mass (~25-40 Msol). GRB120422A is consistent with the Epeak-Eiso and the EX,iso-Egamma,iso-E_peak relations. GRB120422A/SN2012bz shows the GRB-SN connection at the highest redshift so far accurately monitored both photometrically and spectroscopically.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics