cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Theory of quantum transport in nano scale structures.
Creators: name: Alharbi, Bader
Publisher: name: Lancaster University
Year: 2024

description: In the pursuit of future nano-scale applications within the field of
 molecular electronics, extensive investigations into electron transport
 through single molecules hold significant importance. As single or
 multiple molecules serve as crucial building blocks for designing and
 constructing molecular electronic devices, comprehending their electronic
 and transport properties becomes imperative. Countless theoretical and
 experimental studies have been conducted to create molecular junctions and
 explore their electrical performance. This thesis focuses on fundamental
 aspects of transport theory, employing theoretical and mathematical
 approaches to investigate electron transport through junctions,
 particularly involving a scattering region formed by a single

 molecule connected to metal electrodes. The research methods used are
 based on a combination of density functional theory, implemented within
 the SIESTA code, and non-equilibrium Green's function, realized using
 the GOLLUM code, to delve into electrical conductance on a molecular
 scale.

 The objective of this chapter is to address a puzzling paradox concerning
 meta

 connectivity, which exhibits destructive quantum interference (DQI) in a
 tight binding model. However, in certain instances, DQI does not manifest
 in a DFT calculation on the same system. To shed light on this
 inconsistency, a selection of molecules is examined, focusing on the
 distinction between meta and para connectivity. Two different types of
 linkers, thiol (-SH) and methyl sulphide (-SMe), are employed to couple
 different molecules to Au electrodes. Through this investigation, we aim
 to gain insights into the underlying factors that lead to the observed
 quantum interferencebehaviors.

 In project two, we conducted a comprehensive study, combining experimental
 and theoretical approaches, to explore charge transport in stacked
 graphene-like dimers. Our findings revealed that the interaction between
 room-temperature quantum interference and stacking significantly
 influences their highly non-classical electrical conductance. Notably, for
 the molecule CQI-L, the electrical conductance of the dimer exceeds that
 of the monomer by a remarkable factor of 25, attributed to the most
 energetically favorable stacking interactions. Conversely, for the
 molecule CQI-H, the dimer's conductance is approximately 40 times
 lower than that of the monomer. These results

 unequivocally demonstrate that precise control of connectivity to
 molecular cores, coupled with stacking interactions between their systems,
 provides a versatile avenue for modifying and optimizing charge transfer
 between molecules. This discovery is expected to inspire further vigorous
 research at both macroscopic and microscopic levels.
Segregation and Collisions in Galactic Nuclei: Rates of Destructive Events Near a Supermassive Black Hole
Creators: name: Balberg, Shmuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The centers of galaxies host a supermassive black hole surrounded by a dense stellar cluster. The cluster is expected to develop mass segregation, in which gravitational scatterings among the stars cause heavier objects to sink closer to the central black hole, while lighter objects will tend to be overconcentrated in the outer regions. This work focuses on the implications of mass segregation on the different channels for violent destruction of stars in the cluster: tidal disruptions, gravitational-wave-driven inspirals and high-velocity destructive collisions between stars. All such events occur close to the central black hole, where the heavier objects congregate. The analysis is based on a simplified Monte Carlo simulation, which evolves a two-mass population in a cluster surrounding a Milky Way-like super massive black hole. The simulation is based on the single-mass scheme used by \citet{SariFragione2019} and \citet{BalbergYassur2023}, which has been extended to allow for the dynamical friction effects typical of unequal mass populations. The effects of mass segregation on the rates of the different destruction channels are analyzed self-consistently in the overall evolution of the cluster. Also considered are stars which are injected into the cluster after being disrupted from a binary system by the supermassive black hole (SMBH). Such stars are captured in the inner regions of the cluster, and so their orbital evolution, as well as their destruction rate, are therefore influenced by heavy objects that might be abundant in the vicinity of the SMBH.
description: 19 pages, 9 figures, ApJ accepted (V2: matches accepted version, following referee report; corrections to Eqs.5,7,8; and also some typos (including Eq. 26). Results and conclusions unchanged
A New Measurement of the Masses and Widths of the Sigma_c^*++ and Sigma_c^*0 Charmed Baryons
Creators: name: Athar, S. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using data recorded by the CLEO III detector at CESR, we have made measurements of some properties of the Sigma_c^{*++} and Sigma_c^{*0} charmed baryons. In particular: Gamma(Sigma_c^{*++})=14.4^{+1.6}_{-1.5}+-1.4 MeV, M(Sigma_c^{*++})-M(Lambda_c^+) = 231.5+-0.4+-0.3 MeV, Gamma(Sigma_c^{*0})=16.6^{+1.9}_{-1.7}+-1.4 MeV, M(Sigma_c^{*0})-M(Lambda_c^+) = 231.4+-0.5+-0.3 MeV.
description: 6 pages postscript,also available through http://www.lns.cornell.edu/public/CLNS/2004/, submitted to PRD
Connecting particle clustering and rheology in attractive particle networks
Creators: name: Bindgen, Sebastian
name: Bossler, Frank
name: Allard, Jens
name: Koos, Erin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The structural properties of suspensions and other multiphase systems are vital to overall processability, functionality and acceptance among consumers. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the intrinsic connection between the microstructure of a material and the resulting rheological properties. Here, we demonstrate how the transitions in the microstructural conformations can be quantified and correlated to rheological measurements. We find semi-local parameters from graph theory, the mathematical study of networks, to be useful in linking structure and rheology. Our results, using capillary suspensions as a model system, show that the use of the clustering coefficient, in combination with the coordination number, is able to capture not only the agglomeration of particles, but also measures the formation of groups. These phenomena are tightly connected to the rheological properties. The present sparse networks cannot be described by established techniques such as betweenness centrality.
THE EFFECT OF FRUIT AND INFLORESCENCE PRUNING ON FRUIT SIZE AND YIELD OF DWARF GOLDEN APPLE (SPONDJAS CYTHEREA SONN.)
Creators: name: Andall, R. P.
name: Baldeo, S.
name: Andall, R. P.
name: Baldeo, S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Productivity Analysis

description: An experiment was conducted from Sep 1998 to Dec 1999 to determine the effects of 8 combinations of fruit and inflorescence pruning on fruit size and yield of dwarf golden apple (Spondias cytherea Sonn) grown in Belvidere, Grenada, W. I. Pruning treatments were 1: 0% fruit + 50% inflorescence 2: 25% fruit + 50% inflorescence 3: 50% fruit + 50% inflorescence 4: 75% fruit + 50% 5: 0% fruit + 0% inflorescence 6: 25% fruit + 0% inflorescence 7: 50% fruit + 0% inflorescence 8: 75% fruit + 0% inflorescence. Fruit pruning increased fruit size. At 75% it was highly significantly different (P=0.000) from the 25% and 0% levels but was not significantly different from pruning at 50%. Inflorescence pruning reduced fruit size. The interaction between fruit pruning and inflorescence pruning tended to reduce fruit size. Fruit and inflorescence pruning reduced fruit yield in terms of weight and number. Fruit pruning at 0% and 25% had a highly significant difference (P=0.000) from 75% on total number of fruits. Pruning treatmeats of 0%, 25%, and 50% had a highly significant difference (P=0.001) from 75% on total weight of fruits.
Additional file 2 of Implementation and quality assessment of a clinical orthopaedic registry in a public hospital department
Creators: name: Binglong Lee
name: Ebrahimi, Milad
name: Ektas, Nalan
name: Ting, Chee Han
name: MacDougal Cowley
name: Scholes, Corey
name: Bell, Christopher
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 2: Supplementary file 2: Variables for knee and shoulder cohorts. Contains detailed list of variables collected for each cohort.
Does money matter in the ECB strategy?: New evidence based on ECB communication
Creators: name: Berger, Helge
name: de Haan, Jakob
name: Sturm, Jan-Egbert
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2006
Subjects: EUROPA
MONETARY POLICY
monetary policy
communication
ECB
NATIONAL BANKS + CENTRAL BANKS
EUROPE
GELDPOLITIK
NATIONALBANKEN + ZENTRALBANKEN
info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/330
Economics

description: KOF Working Papers, 125
EVALUATION AND SELECTION OF IMPORTED AND LOCALLY COLLECTED TROPICAL TYPE SWEET POTATO ACCESSIONS
Creators: name: Acevedo, Edwin
name: Ortiz, Carlos
name: Bonilla, Enid Lizardi
name: Acevedo, Edwin
name: Ortiz, Carlos
name: Bonilla, Enid Lizardi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Land Economics/Use

description: Sweet potato [Ipomoea batata (L.) Lam.] is an important root crop in the Caribbean. In 1998 a selection program was established to evaluate landraces and accessions from the USD A Plant Germplasm System, for horticultural traits and adaptability to conditions in the Caribbean. Tuber number fluctuated from 49,056 to 97,170 /ha and yields ranged from 28,577 to 57,798 kg/ha. Analysis of variance showed significant differences for accession and time of harvest but not for the interaction between accession and harvest time. Accession 98-023 produced the highest yield, but root deformation may limit its commercial acceptance. Accession 98-022 and 97-031 produced 43,173 and 43,500 kg/ha, respectively, and have good tuber shape, high quality flesh appearance and good flavor. All of the accessions evaluated in this experiment are susceptible to the sweet potato weevil.
Determinants of Swiss firms’ R&D activities at foreign locations: An empirical analysis based on firm-level data
Creators: name: Arvanitis, Spyros
name: Hollenstein, Heinz
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2006
Subjects: Foreign R&D
OLI paradigm
COMPANIES
FOREIGN COUNTRY
FORSCHUNG UND ENTWICKLUNG
Determinants of foreign R&D
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
UNTERNEHMEN
AUSLAND
Asset exploiting
SWITZERLAND (CENTRAL EUROPE). SWISS CONFEDERATION
SCHWEIZ (MITTELEUROPA). SCHWEIZERISCHE EIDGENOSSENSCHAFT
Asset augmenting
Motives of foreign R&D
info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/330
Economics

description: KOF Working Papers, 127
Explaining IMF Lending Decisions after the Cold War
Creators: name: Moser, Christoph
name: Sturm, Jan-Egbert
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: ECONOMETRICS AND ECONOMETRIC MODELS (OPERATIONS RESEARCH)
subject: PHASE NACH DEM KALTEN KRIEG (INTERNATIONALE POLITIK)
subject: Extreme bounds analysis
subject: ÖKONOMETRIE UND ÖKONOMETRISCHE MODELLE (OPERATIONS RESEARCH)
subject: POST-COLD WAR PERIOD (INTERNATIONAL POLITICS)
subject: FACTORS INFLUENCING ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
subject: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
subject: Lending facilities
subject: INTERNATIONALER WÄHRUNGSFONDS
subject: FAKTOREN DER WIRTSCHAFTSENTWICKLUNG
subject: IMF
subject: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/330
subject: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/510
subject: Economics
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: KOF Working Papers, 279
Measuring B(D^+ -> μ^+ν) and the Pseudoscalar Decay Constant f_{D^+}
Creators: name: Menaa, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In 60 pb$^{-1}$ of data taken on the $ψ(3770)$ resonance with the CLEO-c detector, we find 8 $D^+\toμ^+ν$ event candidates that are mostly signal, containing only 1 estimated background. Using this statistically compelling sample, we measure the value of ${\cal{B}}(D^+\toμ^+ν)=(3.5\pm 1.4 \pm 0.6)\times 10^{-4}$, and determine $f_{D^+}=(198\pm 41\pm 17)$ MeV.
description: 3 pages, 2 figures, submitted to DPF 2004 conference proceedings, UC Riverside, CA
title: The protection of lakes in the face of climate change challenges regarding the preservation of the "good water status" : Explained on the examples of Lake Constance and Lake Neusiedl
Creators: name: Schranz, Lisa Maria
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Lakes
subject: Water Framework Directive
subject: Climate Change
subject: Water Quality

description: The focus of this master thesis is put on the effects of climate change on standing water bodies in Austria, based on literature research as well as a comparative study. Explained on the examples of Lake Constance and Lake Neusiedl it intends to show that lakes react differently to the challenges posed by global warming: For the whole of Austria, the temperature increase is expected be faster than on the global average. So far, the mean temperatures in the federal republic have risen for +1,8°C since the 1880s and this trend is very likely to continue in the future. As a result, there will be an increase in evaporation. Precipitation patterns are characterized by regional differences with large insecurities about the future trend. Overall, rainfall levels have slightly increased since the 1970s, with the only exception being Austria's south-east. These changes have an impact on the hydrology of standing water bodies: There is a close connection between the average air and water temperate. The comparison showed that the Neusiedlersee's water balance is mostly dependent on the annual difference between evaporation and precipitation. Because there is little water input from inflows, a complete dry-out scenario is possible and might threaten its survival, which is also endangered by the extension of the reed belt. Lake Constance is strongly influenced by the temperature regime. It is vertically divided into layers with exchange only possibly during spring and autumn/ winter, when the whole water body assumes the same temperature allowing wind to mix it through. Mild winters with warmer-than-average temperatures result in longer periods of thermal stability. This has an impact on the oxygen content in the lake's Hypolimnion, potentially resulting in anoxia. Furthermore, it may cause the mobilisation of nutrients stored in the lake's bed. Taking account of the characteristics of standing water bodies is essential for the achievement and preservation of the "good ecological and chemical water status" as set forth by the Water Framework Directive: By comparing Lake Constance and the Neusiedlersee it becomes apparent that their potential degradation needs to be addressed by management plans which consider the long-term effects of measures.
Has the EMU Reduced Wage Growth and Unemployment? Testing a Model of Trade Union Behaviour: testing a model of trade union behavior
Creators: name: Mikosch, Heiner
name: Sturm, Jan-Egbert
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2011
Subjects: LOHNHÖHE
WÄHRUNGSZONEN
UNEMPLOYMENT
CURRENCY AREAS
MONETARY POLICY
EUROPÄISCHES WÄHRUNGSSYSTEM + EUROPÄISCHE WÄHRUNGSUNION
MAKROÖKONOMISCHE MODELLE (OPERATIONS RESEARCH)
ARBEITSLOSIGKEIT
SALARY LEVELS
EUROPEAN MONETARY SYSTEM + EUROPEAN MONETARY UNION
GELDPOLITIK
MACROECONOMIC MODELS (OPERATIONS RESEARCH)
info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/330
Economics

description: KOF Working Papers, 280
Quantum string integrability and AdS/CFT
Creators: name: Swanson, Ian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent explorations of the AdS/CFT correspondence have unveiled integrable structures underlying both planar N = 4 super-Yang-Mills theory and type IIB string theory on AdS_5 x S^5. Integrability in the gauge theory emerges from the fact that the dilatation generator can be identified with the Hamiltonian of an integrable quantum spin chain, and the classical string theory has been shown to contain infinite towers of hidden currents, a typical signature of integrability. Efforts to match the integrable structures of various classical string configurations to those of corresponding gauge theory quantum spin chains have been largely successful. By studying a semiclassical expansion about a class of point-like solitonic solutions to the classical string equations of motion on AdS_5 x S^5, we take a step toward demonstrating that integrability in the string theory survives quantum corrections beyond tree level. Quantum fluctuations are chosen to align with background curvature corrections to the pp-wave limit of AdS_5 x S^5, and we present evidence for an infinite tower of local bosonic charges that are conserved by the quantum theory to quartic order in the expansion. We explicitly compute several higher charges based on a Lax representation of the worldsheet sigma model and provide a prescription for matching the eigenvalue spectra of these charges with corresponding quantities descending from the integrable structure of the gauge theory.
description: v2: references and typos corrected; v3: minor corrections and comments, 23 pages
BEARING CHARACTERISTICS AND YIELD IN YOUNG TREES OF SELECTED CARIBBEAN BREADFRUIT \ARTOCARPUS ALTIUS (PARK.) FOSBERG] CULTIVARS
Creators: name: Roberts-Nkrumah, Laura B.
name: Roberts-Nkrumah, Laura B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Productivity Analysis

description: The most widely recognised breadfruit cultivars in the Caribbean are the 'Yellow' and the 'White'. However, yield data are not available for these cultivars or for those that are less known. Fouryear old trees of 12 cultivars, five from Jamaica, five from St. Vincent and two from Trinidad and Tobago growing in a germplasm collection at the University Field Station of the University of the West Indies in Trinidad, were evaluated. The results indicated that the cultivars differed in their time of bearing, yield, fruit number and fruit size. 'Yellow' was earlier, less seasonal and higher yielding than most of the other cultivars during early growth.
Additional file 1 of Immuno-metabolic impact of the multiple sclerosis patients’ sera on endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier
Creators: name: M. H. Sheikh
name: S. M. Henson
name: R. A. Loiola
name: S. Mercurio
name: A. Colamatteo
name: G. T. Maniscalco
name: V. De Rosa
name: S. McArthur
name: E. Solito
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1: Supplemental Table 1. Characteristic of naïve to treatment RRMS and healthy subjects.
A Running Spectral Index in Supersymmetric Dark-Matter Models with Quasi-Stable Charged Particles
Creators: name: Profumo, Stefano
name: Sigurdson, Kris
name: Ullio, Piero
name: Kamionkowski, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that charged-particles decaying in the early Universe can induce a scale-dependent or `running' spectral index in the small-scale linear and nonlinear matter power spectrum and discuss examples of this effect in minimal supersymmetric models in which the lightest neutralino is a viable cold-dark-matter candidate. We find configurations in which the neutralino relic density is set by coannihilations with a long-lived stau, and the late decay of staus partially suppresses the linear matter power spectrum. Nonlinear evolution on small scales then causes the modified linear power spectrum to evolve to a nonlinear power spectrum similar (but different in detail) to models parametrized by a constant running $α_{s}=d n_{s}/d{\rm ln} k$ by redshifts of 2 to 4. Thus, Lyman-$α$ forest observations, which probe the matter power spectrum at these redshifts, might not discriminate between the two effects. However, a measurement of the angular power spectrum of primordial 21-cm radiation from redshift $z \approx 30$--$200$ might distinguish between this charged-decay model and a primordial running spectral index. The direct production of a long-lived charged particle at future colliders is a dramatic prediction of this model.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. D
Generating Question Titles for Stack Overflow from Mined Code Snippets
Creators: name: Gao, Zhipeng
name: Xia, Xin
name: Grundy, John
name: Lo, David
name: Li, Yuan-Fang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Stack Overflow has been heavily used by software developers as a popular way to seek programming-related information from peers via the internet. The Stack Overflow community recommends users to provide the related code snippet when they are creating a question to help others better understand it and offer their help. Previous studies have shown that} a significant number of these questions are of low-quality and not attractive to other potential experts in Stack Overflow. These poorly asked questions are less likely to receive useful answers and hinder the overall knowledge generation and sharing process. Considering one of the reasons for introducing low-quality questions in SO is that many developers may not be able to clarify and summarize the key problems behind their presented code snippets due to their lack of knowledge and terminology related to the problem, and/or their poor writing skills, in this study we propose an approach to assist developers in writing high-quality questions by automatically generating question titles for a code snippet using a deep sequence-to-sequence learning approach. Our approach is fully data-driven and uses an attention mechanism to perform better content selection, a copy mechanism to handle the rare-words problem and a coverage mechanism to eliminate word repetition problem. We evaluate our approach on Stack Overflow datasets over a variety of programming languages (e.g., Python, Java, Javascript, C# and SQL) and our experimental results show that our approach significantly outperforms several state-of-the-art baselines in both automatic and human evaluation. We have released our code and datasets to facilitate other researchers to verify their ideas and inspire the follow-up work.
Bridging the gap: Towards an Expanded Toolkit for AI-driven Decision-Making in the Public Sector
Creators: name: Fischer-Abaigar, Unai
name: Kern, Christoph
name: Barda, Noam
name: Kreuter, Frauke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: AI-driven decision-making systems are becoming instrumental in the public sector, with applications spanning areas like criminal justice, social welfare, financial fraud detection, and public health. While these systems offer great potential benefits to institutional decision-making processes, such as improved efficiency and reliability, these systems face the challenge of aligning machine learning (ML) models with the complex realities of public sector decision-making. In this paper, we examine five key challenges where misalignment can occur, including distribution shifts, label bias, the influence of past decision-making on the data side, as well as competing objectives and human-in-the-loop on the model output side. Our findings suggest that standard ML methods often rely on assumptions that do not fully account for these complexities, potentially leading to unreliable and harmful predictions. To address this, we propose a shift in modeling efforts from focusing solely on predictive accuracy to improving decision-making outcomes. We offer guidance for selecting appropriate modeling frameworks, including counterfactual prediction and policy learning, by considering how the model estimand connects to the decision-maker's utility. Additionally, we outline technical methods that address specific challenges within each modeling approach. Finally, we argue for the importance of external input from domain experts and stakeholders to ensure that model assumptions and design choices align with real-world policy objectives, taking a step towards harmonizing AI and public sector objectives.
Evidence for hc Production from psi-prime at CLEO
Creators: name: Tomaradze, Amiran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the ~ 6 pb-1 of e+e- annihilation data taken at psi-prime(3686) with CLEO III and CLEO-c detectors with estimated ~ 3.0 million psi-prime events, we have searched for the h_c(1^1P_1) state of charmonium in the reaction psi-prime(3686) -> pi^{0} hc -> (gamma gamma) (gamma eta_c). The preliminary results are reported.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, Presented at First Meeting of the APS Topical Group on Hadron Physics, Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, Oct 24-26, 2004
title: Wastewater reuse on an international scale : Application and linked legislation on quality requirements
Creators: name: Toci, Lejda
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: wastewater reuse
subject: international survey
subject: guidelines
subject: agriculture
subject: water scarcity
subject: legislation

description: The world's water resources are becoming scarce as a consequence of increased pressure by urban development, population increase, food production, and climate change. The result of this pressure is not only water scarcity on the quantitative site, but also quality deterioration. In this context, planned reuse of treated wastewater is gaining more and more attention and is a fast increasing practice worldwide because of being a sustainable use of water resources, and also an adaptive measure to the increasing water demand and climate change. However, wastewater reuse faces several challenges, with the most important one being health concern about the quality of the reused water. Reused water may contain hazards such as physical, chemical, radiological and microbial agents that can be a risk to human health. This is the reason for the development of guidelines and regulations for wastewater reuse in many countries. Additionally, international organizations have also developed guidelines for water reuse. Examples of major legislations and guidelines which are used as benchmark standards for other countries as well are those developed from the World Health Organization (WHO), The United States (US- EPA), California Title 22, Australia, The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and The International Organization for Standardization (ISO). This thesis conducts a survey on a worldwide scale on the existing legislation on waterreuse and the quality standards applied by individual states and international and national organizations, the reuse schemes, and the water quality parameters applied in the main guidelines. It shows that the existing guidelines are very similar, and that a common and strong legislative base, instead of a convergence of water reuse regulations can help the further development of wastewater reuse worldwide and especially within the European Union, as a key component in urban water management, development, and trade in agricultural goods.
GPU-accelerated massive black hole binary parameter estimation with LISA
Creators: name: Katz, Michael L.
name: Marsat, Sylvain
name: Chua, Alvin J. K.
name: Babak, Stanislav
name: Larson, Shane L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is slated for launch in the early 2030s. A main target of the mission is massive black hole binaries that have an expected detection rate of $\sim20$ yr$^{-1}$. We present a parameter estimation analysis for a variety of massive black hole binaries. This analysis is performed with a graphics processing unit (GPU) implementation comprising the phenomhm waveform with higher-order harmonic modes and aligned spins; a fast frequency-domain LISA detector response function; and a GPU-native likelihood computation. The computational performance achieved with the GPU is shown to be 500 times greater than with a similar CPU implementation, which allows us to analyze full noise-infused injections at a realistic Fourier bin width for the LISA mission in a tractable and efficient amount of time. With these fast likelihood computations, we study the effect of adding aligned spins to an analysis with higher-order modes by testing different configurations of spins in the injection, as well as the effect of varied and fixed spins during sampling. Within these tests, we examine three different binaries with varying mass ratios, redshifts, sky locations, and detector-frame total masses ranging over three orders of magnitude. We discuss varied correlations between the total masses and mass ratios; unique spin posteriors for the larger mass binaries; and the constraints on parameters when fixing spins during sampling, allowing us to compare to previous analyses that did not include aligned spins.
description: 27 pages, 13 figures
New mean field theory of the tt't''J model applied to the high-Tc superconductors
Creators: name: Ribeiro, Tiago C.
name: Wen, Xiao-Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a new mean field approach to the tt't''J model that incorporates both electron-like quasiparticle and spinon excitations as suggested by some experiments and numerical studies. It leads to a mean field phase diagram which is consistent with that of hole and electron doped cuprates. Moreover, it provides a framework to describe the observed evolution of the electron spectral function from the undoped insulator to the overdoped Fermi metal for both hole and electron doping. The theory also provides a new non-BCS mechanism leading to superconductivity.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures. Homepage http://dao.mit.edu/~wen/
Theoretical investigation of a miniature microwave driven plasma jet
Creators: name: Klute, Michael
name: Porteanu, Horia-Eugen
name: Stefanovic, Ilija
name: Heinrich, Wolfgang
name: Awakowicz, Peter
name: Brinkmann, Ralf Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Microwave and radio frequency driven plasmas jets play an important role in many technical applications. They are usually operated in a capacitive mode known as E-mode. As a new plasma source the MMWICP (Miniature Micro Wave ICP) has been proposed, a small scale plasma jet with inductive coupling based on a specially designed resonator that acts as an LC-resonance circuit. This work presents a theoretical model of the new device, based on a series representation of the electromagnetic field in the resonator and the volume integrated (global) model for the loss processes within the plasma. An infinite number of modes can be found ordered by the azimuthal wave number m. These modes essentially determine the electromagnetic behavior of the system and differ from ordinary cavity modes. The mode m=0 can be identified with the inductive mode and is called H-mode, the mode m=1 is the capacitive mode and is called E-mode. Both modes refer to different operating regimes, which are separated by different values of the plasma parameters. In a second step the matching network and its characteristics are taken into account in order to find stable equilibrium points and possible hysteresis effects. As main result, the feasibility of inductive power coupling for the MMWICP resonator is shown.
Adrenergic protection of the fish heart under simulated exercise conditions
Creators: name: Hanson, Linda Marie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Exercise is an integral part of the survival of vertebrates. However, intense exercise disrupts extracellular homeostasis, resulting in venous blood becoming hypoxic, hyperkalemic and acidotic. These changes challenge the heart, as the venous blood passing through the ventricular lumen is the sole source of myocardial support for most vertebrates. Consequently, during exercise when the heart is working its hardest it must ironically be supported by the hostile composition of venous blood. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and African catfish (Claris gariepinus) were used to examine the role of adrenergic stimulation in protecting cardiac performance during exercise-induced changes in venous blood composition. As cardiac performance is ultimately limited by oxygen supply, in situ perfused rainbow trout hearts were first used to determine the effect of adrenergic stimulation on the venous hypoxic threshold during simulated exercise conditions (5.0 mM K⁺, pH 7.5); where the hypoxic threshold is defined as the lowest level of venous oxygen tension (Pvo₂) that can support maximum cardiac performance. Hearts were tested under these relevant conditions with both tonic (5 nM adrenaline, AD) and maximal (500 nM AD) adrenergic stimulation. With 5 nM AD maximum cardiac performance in hearts at 10°C was significantly reduced even at normoxia. In contrast, 500 nM AD fully protected cardiac performance under hyperkalemia and acidosis to hypoxia of 2.0 kPa, a Pvo₂ close to routine values in vivo. Temperature acclimation alters the response of the rainbow trout heart to adrenaline such that an increase in acclimation temperature is associated with a decrease in adrenergic sensitivity. To determine how this reduction in adrenergic effectiveness alters the protection afforded to the heart during exercise the in situ hypoxic threshold was determined for perfused rainbow trout hearts at 18°C. The hypoxic threshold at 18°C under the combined hyperkalemic, acidotic exposure with 500 nM AD was 5.6 kPa. In rainbow trout, the loss of adrenergic sensitivity at high temperature is attributed to a decrease in cell surface β-adrenoceptor density (Bmax). This does not seem to be a universal mechanism among fish as no evidence of Bmax modulation was found in the tropical African Catfish.
Primordial Black Holes Are True Vacuum Nurseries
Creators: name: Hamaide, Louis
name: Heurtier, Lucien
name: Hu, Shi-Qian
name: Cheek, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Hawking evaporation of primordial black holes (PBH) reheats the Universe locally, forming hot spots that survive throughout their lifetime. We propose to use the temperature profile of such hot spots to calculate the decay rate of metastable vacua in cosmology, avoiding inconsistencies inherent to the Hartle-Hawking or Unruh vacuum. We apply our formalism to the case of the electroweak vacuum stability and find that a PBH energy fraction $β> 7\times 10^{-80} (M/g)^{3/2}$ is ruled out for black holes with masses $0.8 g < M < 10^{15} g$.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures. Prepared for submission to PRL
Force-Free Magnetosphere of an Accretion Disk -- Black Hole System. II. Kerr Geometry
Creators: name: Uzdensky, Dmitri A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a stationary axisymmetric force-free degenerate magnetosphere of a rotating Kerr black hole surrounded by a thin Keplerian infinitely-conducting accretion disk. We focus on the closed-field geometry characterize by a direct magnetic coupling between the disk and the hole's event horizon. We first argue that the hole's rotation necessarily limits the radial extent of the force-free link on the disk surface: the faster the hole rotates, the smaller the magnetically-connected inner part of the disk has to be. We then show that this is indeed the case by solving numerically the Grad--Shafranov equation--the main differential equation describing the structure of the magnetosphere. An important element in our approach is the use of the regularity condition at the inner light cylinder to fix the poloidal current as a function of the poloidal magnetic flux. As an outcome of our computations, we are able to chart out the maximum allowable size of the portion of the disk that is magnetically connected to the hole as a function of the black hole spin. We also calculate the angular momentum and energy transfer between the hole and the disk that takes place via the direct magnetic link. We find that both of these quantities grow rapidly and that their deposition becomes highly concentrated near the inner edge of the disk as the black hole spin is increased.
description: 45 pages, 12 figures. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
DIAGNÓSTICO DEL CULTIVO DEL MEMBRILLO EN EL MUNICIPIO DE ALLENDE, CHIHUAHUA
Creators: name: Rodríguez, Ofelia Adriana Hernández
name: Vota, Ana Ma. Arras
name: Díaz, Julio César López
name: Trejo, César Navarro
name: Puente, Ma. Cecilia Calderón
name: Rodríguez, Ofelia Adriana Hernández
name: Vota, Ana Ma. Arras
name: Díaz, Julio César López
name: Trejo, César Navarro
name: Puente, Ma. Cecilia Calderón
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Inventory
subject: trees
subject: planted surface
subject: cultural practices
subject: inventario
subject: superficie plantada
subject: prácticas culturales

description: The results presented in this document are related to one of the stages of the project Human and Productive Processes in organizations: Quince in Valle de Allende, Chihuahua. The commencement of this work required the accomplishment of a diagnosis where it is described and analyzed the prevailing situation regarding to the quince producers in the municipality of Allende, Chihuahua. In order to make such an analysis it was required an inventory realization of quince producers in Pueblito, in Allende, Chihuahua. The information, to determine the inventory of fruit trees, planted area and cultural practices quince producers use, was attained through questionnaires, interviews and direct observation. The initial diagnose allows to generate planning process, and determine needed strategies in order to respond to the difficulties faced by the producers of this fruit, which, as a result of its low price in the market tends to disappear as it is substituted by pecan trees.....Los resultados que se presentan en este documento se refieren a una de las etapas del proyecto Procesos Humanos y Productivos en las Organizaciones: El Membrillo en el Valle de Allende, Chihuahua. El inicio del trabajo requirió la realización de un diagnóstico donde se describen y analizan la situación que prevalece con respecto a los productores de membrillo en el municipio de Allende, Chihuahua. Hacer dicho análisis requirió de la realización de un inventario de los productores de membrillo de la región de Pueblito, en Allende, Chih. La información se obtuvo por medio de encuestas, entrevistas y observación directa, para determinar el inventario de los frutales, superficie plantada y prácticas culturales que utilizan los productores de membrillo. El diagnóstico inicial permite generar un proceso de planeación y determinar las estrategias que se requieren para dar respuesta a la problemática que enfrentan los productores de este cultivo, el cual, por su bajo precio en el mercado tiende a desaparecer al ser sustituido por nogales.
Constructing the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov state in antiferromagnetic insulator CrOCl
Creators: name: Ding, Yifan
name: He, Jiadian
name: Zhang, Shihao
name: Zuo, Huakun
name: Gu, Pingfan
name: Cai, Jiliang
name: Zeng, Xiaohui
name: Yan, Pu
name: Cao, Kecheng
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Dong, Peng
name: Zhang, Yiwen
name: Wu, Yueshen
name: Zhou, Xiang
name: Wang, Jinghui
name: Chen, Yulin
name: Ye, Yu
name: Liu, Jianpeng
name: Li, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Time reversal symmetry breaking in superconductors, resulting from external magnetic fields or spontaneous magnetization, often leads to unconventional superconducting properties. In this way, a conventional Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) state, characterized by the Cooper pairs with nonzero total momentum, may be realized by the Zeeman effect caused from external magnetic fields. Here, we report the observation of superconductivity in a few-layer antiferromagnetic insulator CrOCl by utilizing superconducting proximity effect with NbSe2 flakes. The superconductivity demonstrates a considerably weak gap of about 0.12 meV and the in-plane upper critical field reveals as behavior of the FFLO state at low temperature. Our first-principles calculations indicate that the proximitized superconductivity may exist in the CrOCl layer with Cr vacancies or line-defects. Moreover, the FFLO state could be induced by the inherent larger spin splitting in the CrOCl layer. Our findings not only demonstrate the fascinating interaction between superconductivity and magnetism, but also provide a possible path to construct FFLO state by intrinsic time reversal symmetry breaking and superconducting proximity effect.
Spin injection from the Heusler alloy Co_2MnGe into Al_0.1Ga_0.9As/GaAs heterostructures
Creators: name: Dong, X. Y.
name: Adelmann, C.
name: Xie, J. Q.
name: Palmstrom, C. J.
name: Lou, X.
name: Strand, J.
name: Crowell, P. A.
name: Barnes, J. -P.
name: Petford-Long, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electrical spin injection from the Heusler alloy Co_2MnGe into a p-i-n Al_0.1Ga_0.9As/GaAs light emitting diode is demonstrated. A maximum steady-state spin polarization of approximately 13% at 2 K is measured in two types of heterostructures. The injected spin polarization at 2 K is calculated to be 27% based on a calibration of the spin detector using Hanle effect measurements. Although the dependence on electrical bias conditions is qualitatively similar to Fe-based spin injection devices of the same design, the spin polarization injected from Co_2MnGe decays more rapidly with increasing temperature.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Semileptonic and nonleptonic weak decays of $ψ(1S,2S)$ and $η_{c}(1S,2S)$ to $D_{(s)}$ in the covariant light-front approach
Creators: name: Sun, Zhi-Jie
name: Zhang, Zhi-Qing
name: Yang, You-Ya
name: Yang, Hao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In addition to the strong and electromagnetic decay modes, the $ψ(1S,2S)$ and $η_{c}(1S,2S)$ can also decay via the weak interaction. Such weak decays can be detected by the high-luminosity heavy-flavor experiments. At present, some of the semileptonic and nonleptonic $J/Ψ$ weak decays have been measured at BESIII. Researching for these charmonium weak decays to $D_{(s)}$ meson can provide a platform to check of the standard model (SM) and probe new physics (NP). So we investigate the semileptonic and nonleptonic weak decays of $ψ(1S,2S)$ and $η_{c}(1S,2S)$ to $D_{(s)}$ within the covariant light-front quark model (CLFQM). With form factors of the transitions $ψ(1S,2S)\to D_{(s)}$ and $η_{c}(1S,2S)\to D_{(s)}$ calculated under the CLFQM, we predict and discuss some physical observables, such as the branching ratios, the longitudinal polarizations $f_{L}$ and the forward-backward asymmetries $A_{FB}$. One can find that the Cabibbo-favored semi-leptonic decay channels $ψ(1S,2S)\to D_{s}^{-}\ell^{+}ν_{\ell}$ with $\ell=e,μ$ and the nonleptonic decay modes $ψ(1S,2S)\to D_{s}^{-}ρ^{+}$ have relatively large branching ratios of the order $\mathcal{O}(10^{-9})$, which are most likely to be accessible at the future high-luminosity experiments.
description: 26 pages, 4 figures
Knowledge Base, Exporting Activities, Innovation Openness and Innovation Performance: A SEM Approach Towards a Unifying Framework
Creators: name: Arvanitis, Spyros
name: Gkypali, Areti
name: Tsekouras, Kostas
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Endogeneity
subject: EXPORT (FOREIGN TRADE)
subject: Innovation performance
subject: COMPANIES
subject: Open innovation strategy
subject: UNTERNEHMEN
subject: SEM
subject: Knowledge base
subject: CORRELATION ANALYSIS + REGRESSION ANALYSIS (MULTIVARIATE STATISTICS)
subject: LEISTUNGSBEWERTUNG + BETRIEBLICHE LEISTUNGSMESSUNG (BETRIEBSWIRTSCHAFT)
subject: AUSFUHR + EXPORT (AUSSENHANDEL)
subject: TECHNOLOGISCHE UND WISSENSCHAFTLICHE INNOVATIONEN
subject: Export performance
subject: PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT + PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT (BUSINESS ECONOMICS)
subject: KORRELATIONSANALYSE + REGRESSIONSANALYSE (MULTIVARIATE STATISTIK)
subject: TECHNOLOGICAL AND SCIENTIFIC INNOVATIONS
subject: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/330
subject: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/510
subject: Economics
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: KOF Working Papers, 361
Testing the Keplerian disk hypothesis using X-ray reflection spectroscopy
Creators: name: Tripathi, Ashutosh
name: Zhou, Biao
name: Abdikamalov, Askar B.
name: Ayzenberg, Dimitry
name: Bambi, Cosimo
name: Nampalliwar, Sourabh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Novikov-Thorne model is the standard framework for the description of geometrically thin and optically thick accretion disks around black holes and is widely used to study the electromagnetic spectra of accreting black holes. One of the assumptions of the model is that the particles of the gas move on nearly-geodesic circular orbits on the equatorial plane. In this work, we propose to test the Keplerian velocity of the particles in the accretion disk using X-ray reflection spectroscopy. We present a modified version of RELXILL in which we introduce a phenomenological parameter, $α$, to quantify possible deviations from Keplerian motion. We use our model to fit a Suzaku observation of the black hole binary GRS 1915+105. We find that the estimate of $α$ is correlated to that of the inclination angle of the disk, $i$, and that we could test the Keplerian disk hypothesis in the presence of a robust and independent measurement of $i$.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures. v2: refereed version