cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Toward a complete theory for predicting inclusive deuteron breakup away from stability
Creators: name: Potel, G.
name: Perdikakis, G.
name: Carlson, B. V.
name: Atkinson, M. C.
name: Capel, P.
name: Dickhoff, W. H.
name: Escher, J. E.
name: Hussein, M. S.
name: Lei, J.
name: Li, W.
name: Macchiavelli, A. O.
name: Moro, A. M.
name: Nunes, F. M.
name: Pain, S. D.
name: Rotureau, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an account of the current status of the theoretical treatment of inclusive $(d,p)$ reactions in the breakup-fusion formalism, pointing to some applications and making the connection with current experimental capabilities. Three independent implementations of the reaction formalism have been recently developed, making use of different numerical strategies. The codes also originally relied on two different but equivalent representations, namely the prior (Udagawa-Tamura, UT) and the post (Ichimura-Austern-Vincent, IAV) representations. The different implementations have been benchmarked, and then applied to the Ca isotopic chain. The neutron-Ca propagator is described in the Dispersive Optical Model (DOM) framework, and the interplay between elastic breakup (EB) and non-elastic breakup (NEB) is studied for three Ca isotopes at two different bombarding energies. The accuracy of the description of different reaction observables is assessed by comparing with experimental data of $(d,p)$ on $^{40,48}$Ca. We discuss the predictions of the model for the extreme case of an isotope ($^{60}$Ca) currently unavailable experimentally, though possibly available in future facilities (nominally within production reach at FRIB). We explore the use of $(d,p)$ reactions as surrogates for $(n,γ)$ processes, by using the formalism to describe the compound nucleus formation in a $(d,pγ)$ reaction as a function of excitation energy, spin, and parity. The subsequent decay is then computed within a Hauser-Feshbach formalism. Comparisons between the $(d,pγ)$ and $(n,γ)$ induced gamma decay spectra are discussed to inform efforts to infer neutron captures from $(d,pγ)$ reactions. Finally, we identify areas of opportunity for future developments, and discuss a possible path toward a predictive reaction theory.
On the classicality of quantum dephasing processes
Creators: name: Lonigro, Davide
name: Chruściński, Dariusz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the multitime statistics associated with pure dephasing systems repeatedly probed with sharp measurements, and search for measurement protocols whose statistics satisfies the Kolmogorov consistency conditions possibly up to a finite order. We find a rich phenomenology of quantum dephasing processes which can be interpreted in classical terms. In particular, if the underlying dephasing process is Markovian, we find sufficient conditions under which classicality at every order can be found: this can be reached by choosing the dephasing and measurement basis to be fully compatible or fully incompatible, that is, mutually unbiased bases (MUBs). For non-Markovian processes, classicality can only be proven in the fully compatible case, thus revealing a key difference between Markovian and non-Markovian pure dephasing processes.
description: 21 pages; v2: minor corrections
Anomalous Hall effect and topological defects in antiferromagnetic Weyl semimetals: Mn$_3$Sn/Ge
Creators: name: Liu, Jianpeng
name: Balents, Leon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically study the interplay between bulk Weyl electrons and magnetic topological defects, including magnetic domains, domain walls, and $\mathbb{Z}_6$ vortex lines, in the antiferromagnetic Weyl semimetals \mnsn\ and Mn$_3$Ge with negative vector chirality. We argue that these materials possess a hierarchy of energies scales which allows a description of the spin structure and spin dynamics using a XY model with $\mathbb{Z}_6$ anisotropy. We propose a dynamical equation of motion for the XY order parameter, which implies the presence of $\mathbb{Z}_6$ vortex lines, the double-domain pattern in the presence of magnetic fields, and the ability to control domains with current. We also introduce a minimal electronic model which allows efficient calculation of the electronic structure in the antiferromagnetic configuration, unveiling Fermi arcs at domain walls, and sharp quasi-bound states at $\mathbb{Z}_6$ vortices. Moreover, we have shown how these materials may allow electronic-based imaging of antiferromagnetic microstructure, and propose a possible device based on domain-dependent anomalous Hall effect.
Special Grand Unification
Creators: name: Yamatsu, Naoki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss new-type grand unified theories based on grand unified groups broken to their special subgroups as well as their regular subgroups. In the framework, when we construct four-dimensional (4D) chiral gauge theories, i.e., the Standard Model (SM), 4D gauge anomaly cancellation restricts the minimal number of generations of the 4D SM Weyl fermions. We show that in a six-dimensional (6D) $SU(16)$ gauge theory on $M^4\times T^2/\mathbb{Z}_2$ one generation of the SM fermions can be embedded into a 6D bulk Weyl fermion. For the model including three chiral generations of the SM fermions, the 6D and 4D gauge anomalies on the bulk and fixed points are canceled out without exotic 4D chiral fermions.
description: 9 pages, 1 table, no figures
Risk factors associated with preterm birth after IVF/ICSI
Creators: name: Li, Jian
name: Shen, Jinhua
name: Zhang, Xiaoli
name: Peng, Yangqin
name: Zhang, Qin
name: Hu, Liang
name: Reichetzeder, Christoph
name: Zeng, Suimin
name: Li, Jing
name: Tian, Mei
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Health care
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Risk factors
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: In vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) is associated with an increased risk of preterm (33rd–37th gestational week) and early preterm birth (20th–32nd gestational week). The underlying general and procedure related risk factors are not well understood so far. 4328 infertile women undergoing IVF/ICSI were entered into this study. The study population was divided into three groups: (a) early preterm birth group (n = 66), (b) preterm birth group (n = 675) and (c) full-term birth group (n = 3653). Odds for preterm birth were calculated by stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis. We identified seven independent risk factors for preterm birth and four independent risk factors for early preterm birth. Older (> 39) or younger (< 25) maternal age (OR: 1.504, 95% CI 1.108–2.042, P = 0.009; OR: 2.125, 95% CI 1.049–4.304, P = 0.036, respectively), multiple pregnancy (OR: 9.780, 95% CI 8.014–11.935, P < 0.001; OR: 8.588, 95% CI 4.866–15.157, P < 0.001, respectively), placenta previa (OR: 14.954, 95% CI 8.053–27.767, P < 0.001; OR: 16.479, 95% CI 4.381–61.976, P < 0.001, respectively), and embryo reduction (OR: 3.547, 95% CI 1.736–7.249, P = 0.001; OR: 7.145, 95% CI 1.990–25.663, P = 0.003, respectively) were associated with preterm birth and early preterm birth, whereas gestational hypertension (OR: 2.494, 95% CI 1.770–3.514, P < 0.001), elevated triglycerides (OR: 1.120, 95% CI 1.011–1.240, P = 0.030) and shorter activated partial thromboplastin time (OR: 0.967, 95% CI 0.949–0.985, P < 0.001) were associated only with preterm birth. In conclusion, preterm and early preterm birth risk factors in patients undergoing assisted IVF/ICSI are in general similar to those in natural pregnancy. The lack of some associations in the early preterm group was most likely due to the lower number of early preterm birth cases. Only embryo reduction represents an IVF/ICSI specific risk factor.
Robustness of topological states to lattice instability in non-symmorphic topological insulator KHgSb
Creators: name: Chen, D.
name: Zhang, T. T.
name: Yi, C. J.
name: Song, Z. D.
name: Zhang, W. -L.
name: Zhang, T.
name: Shi, Y. -G.
name: Weng, H. -M.
name: Fang, Z.
name: Richard, P.
name: Ding, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a polarized Raman scattering study of non-symmorphic topological insulator KHgSb with hourglass-like electronic dispersion. Supported by theoretical calculations, we show that the lattice of the previously assigned space group $P6_3/mmc$ (No. 194) is unstable in KHgSb. While we observe one of two calculated Raman active E$_{2g}$ phonons of space group $P6_3/mmc$ at room temperature, an additional A$_{1g}$ peak appears at 99.5 ~cm$^{-1}$ upon cooling below $T^*$ = 150 K, which suggests a lattice distortion. Several weak peaks associated with two-phonon excitations emerge with this lattice instability. We also show that the sample is very sensitive to high temperature and high laser power, conditions under which it quickly decomposes, leading to the formation of Sb. Our first-principles calculations indicate that space group $P6_3mc$ (No. 186), corresponding to a vertical displacement of the Sb atoms with respect to the Hg atoms that breaks the inversion symmetry, is lower in energy than the presumed $P6_3/mmc$ structure and preserves the glide plane symmetry necessary to the formation of hourglass fermions.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures. This work will be presented at the 2017 Edition of the APS March Meeting (Talk Y8.00004, Friday, March 17, 11:51 AM-12:03 PM, room 267)
White dwarf binaries suggest a common envelope efficiency $α\sim 1/3$
Creators: name: Scherbak, Peter
name: Fuller, Jim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Common envelope (CE) evolution, which is crucial in creating short period binaries and associated astrophysical events, can be constrained by reverse modeling of such binaries' formation histories. Through analysis of a sample of well-constrained white dwarf (WD) binaries with low-mass primaries (7 eclipsing double WDs, 2 non-eclipsing double WDs, 1 WD-brown dwarf), we estimate the CE energy efficiency $α_{\rm{CE}}$ needed to unbind the hydrogen envelope. We use grids of He- and CO-core WD models to determine the masses and cooling ages that match each primary WD's radius and temperature. Assuming gravitational wave-driven orbital decay, we then calculate the associated ranges in post-CE orbital period. By mapping WD models to a grid of red giant progenitor stars, we determine the total envelope binding energies and possible orbital periods at the point CE evolution is initiated, thereby constraining $α_{\rm CE}$. Assuming He-core WDs with progenitors of 0.9 - 2.0 $M_\odot$, we find $α_{\rm CE} \! \sim \! 0.2-0.4$ is consistent with each system we model. Significantly higher values of $α_{\rm{CE}}$ are required for higher mass progenitors and for CO-core WDs, so these scenarios are deemed unlikely. Our values are mostly consistent with previous studies of post-CE WD binaries, and they suggest a nearly constant and low envelope ejection efficiency for CE events that produce He-core WDs.
description: 20 pages, 15 figures; Added references, corrected typos in discussion, updated figure resolution; Accepted by MNRAS
Emerging viruses: Cross-species transmission of coronaviruses, filoviruses, henipaviruses, and rotaviruses from bats
Creators: name: Tian, Jin
name: Sun, Jiumeng
name: Li, Dongyan
name: Wang, Ningning
name: Wang, Lifang
name: Zhang, Chang
name: Meng, Xiaorong
name: Ji, Xiang
name: Suchard, Marc A.
name: Veit, Michael
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: bat
subject: RNA virus
subject: interspecies transmission
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Emerging infectious diseases, especially if caused by bat-borne viruses, significantly affect public health and the global economy. There is an urgent need to understand the mechanism of interspecies transmission, particularly to humans. Viral genetics; host factors, including polymorphisms in the receptors; and ecological, environmental, and population dynamics are major parameters to consider. Here, we describe the taxonomy, geographic distribution, and unique traits of bats associated with their importance as virus reservoirs. Then, we summarize the origin, intermediate hosts, and the current understanding of interspecies transmission of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), SARS-CoV-2, Nipah, Hendra, Ebola, Marburg virus, and rotaviruses. Finally, the molecular interactions of viral surface proteins with host cell receptors are examined, and a comparison of these interactions in humans, intermediate hosts, and bats is conducted. This uncovers adaptive mutations in virus spike protein that facilitate cross-species transmission and risk factors associated with the emergence of novel viruses from bats.
Quantifying Quantumness of Channels Without Entanglement
Creators: name: Ku, Huan-Yu
name: Kadlec, Josef
name: Černoch, Antonin
name: Quintino, Marco Túlio
name: Zhou, Wenbin
name: Lemr, Karel
name: Lambert, Neill
name: Miranowicz, Adam
name: Chen, Shin-Liang
name: Nori, Franco
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nonlocality
subject: Quantum channels
subject: Quantum entanglement
subject: Quantum memories
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: Quantum channels breaking entanglement, incompatibility, or nonlocality are defined as such because they are not useful for entanglement-based, one-sided device-independent, or device-independent quantum-information processing, respectively. Here, we show that such breaking channels are related to complementary tests of macrorealism, i.e., temporal separability, channel unsteerability, temporal unsteerability, and the temporal Bell inequality. To demonstrate this we first define a steerability-breaking channel, which is conceptually similar to entanglement and nonlocality-breaking channels and prove that it is identical to an incompatibility-breaking channel. A hierarchy of quantum nonbreaking channels is derived, akin to the existing hierarchy relations for temporal and spatial quantum correlations. We then introduce the concept of channels that break temporal correlations, explain how they are related to the standard breaking channels, and prove the following results. (1) A robustness-based measure for non-entanglement-breaking channels can be probed by temporal nonseparability. (2) A non-steerability-breaking channel can be quantified by channel steering. (3) Temporal steerability and nonmacrorealism can be used for, respectively, distinguishing unital steerability-breaking channels and nonlocality-breaking channels for a maximally entangled state. Finally, a two-dimensional depolarizing channel is experimentally implemented as a proof-of-principle example to demonstrate the hierarchy relation of nonbreaking channels using temporal quantum correlations.
title: Deutschland als Autobahn
title: Eine Kulturgeschichte von Männlichkeit, Moderne und Nationalismus
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Kunze, Conrad
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Autobahn
subject: Auto
subject: Mobilitätswende
subject: Klimabewegung
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::380 Handel, Kommunikation, Verkehr::388 Verkehr; Landverkehr
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::320 Politikwissenschaft::320 Politikwissenschaft

description: Sie ist die Heldin der heimlichen Nationalhymne und das hiesige Äquivalent zum Waffenwahn der USA. Schon in ihren Anfängen war sie ein rechter Raum für die vom Futurismus besungene neue Männlichkeit: die Autobahn. Mussolini und Hitler machten sie nicht zufällig zu Staatsprojekten ersten Ranges und ihre Propaganda überdauert versteckt bis heute – und zeigt sich zunehmend wieder ganz offen. Mit dem drohenden Klimakollaps ist überdeutlich, dass Auto und Autobahn historische Fehler waren. Conrad Kunze liefert eine Handreichung für alle, die davon träumen, diese Form der fossilen Moderne zugunsten einer Moderne von Klimaschutz und Emanzipation zu überwinden.
Vacuum energy in (2+1)-dimensional quantum field theory on curved spaces
Creators: name: Wallis, Lucas Samuel
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: Relativistic quantum degrees of freedom in their vacuum state endow geometric backgrounds with an energy, as demonstrated by the Casimir Effect. We explore the vacuum energy (or free energy at finite temperature) of (2+1)-dimensional ultrastatic relativistic quantum field theories as a functional of their spatial geometry. These theories have physical realisations as, for example, the low-energy effective description of the electronic structure of graphene: four free massless Dirac fermions. We define a UV-finite unambiguous measure of free energy for these setups: the free energy difference. We compute it for the free scalar with curvature coupling and free Dirac fermion using heat kernel methods, deriving analytic expressions for perturbative and long-wavelength deformations of maximally-symmetric two-spaces (namely the plane and the round sphere) and, using a novel numerical approach, highly-accurate estimates in the case of large (axisymmetric) deformations to the sphere. We find that for these theories, as with holographic conformal field theories (CFTs) dual to vacuum Einstein gravity with a negative cosmological constant, it is universally negative for non-trivial deformations of maximally-symmetric two-spaces and can be made arbitrarily negative as the geometry becomes singular. In fact, we find that the differenced heat kernel has a definite sign — a much stronger result. We also observe a qualitative similarity between the (appropriately normalised) vacuum energies of a conformal scalar, massless Dirac fermion and holographic CFT on deformations of the two-sphere, and a remarkably close quantitive agreement between the latter two — very dissimilar in nature — theories. Finally, we show vacuum energy negativity for all perturbative deformations to Poincaré-invariant, power-counting-renormalisable theories on the plane. Our results indicate that relativistic quantum degrees of freedom universally disfavour smooth geometries and we note this effect has the potential to be measured experimentally.
End-to-end multimodal continuous affect recognition
Creators: name: Tzirakis, Panagiotis
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: Automatic continuous affect recognition is a vital component towards a complete and natural interaction between human and machine. However, the task is challenging as human emotions lack temporal boundaries and are expressed through various modalities and in various ways among different individuals and cultures. On top of that, the perception of emotion is highly subjective which makes the task even more challenging. The recent years, several advancements have been accomplished in determining the emotional states with the use of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). Nevertheless, most of these methods fail to consider multiple modalities to model affect, or do not fully exploit the strong representation capabilities of DNNs as they also rely on hand-engineered features. In this thesis, we aim to provide deep learning methodologies and models for the multimodal continuous affect recognition task, trained in an end-to-end manner, i.\,e. utilising the raw input signal. In particular, we show that utilising multiple modalities in an end-to-end deep learning model enhances the performance of the model than using a single modality when trained under controlled or naturalistic environmental conditions. Although using multiple modalities can be beneficial to the model's performance, it is important how the information from multiple modalities is fused to the model. To this end, we investigate the integration of attention methods to fuse multiple modalities in a deep neural network architecture, and present the performance gains these methods provide compared to conventional approaches. Finally, observing the high performance of end-to-end DNN models, we provide a toolkit that provides end-to-end learning capabilities.
Interpretable models for spatially dependent and heterogeneous phenomena
Creators: name: Povala, Jan
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2021

description: Over the past decades, we have seen an increase in the availability of data that includes spatial information. Incorporating spatial information in models may result in performance improvements, which may then be used to better inform decision-making processes. When modelling spatial data, typical assumptions such as independence of observations across locations, no longer hold. As a consequence, careful methodology is required. This thesis addresses the modelling of two common types of data encountered in spatial modelling: measurements of a quantity at pre-specified locations (e.g., sensor measurements), and events for which geographical location and time are recorded. We develop effective approaches for modelling spatial data in an interpretable manner, thus making it suitable for application domains where the transparency of a model is a desired property. We demonstrate the developed approaches with empirical simulation studies.
Targeted modifications: conformational flexibility and design of ionic liquids
Creators: name: Philippi, Frederik
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: The versatility of ionic liquids is an extraordinary challenge and chance for the future of chemistry. To efficiently harness this huge potential, our understanding of ionic liquids must grow to a point where application-oriented design becomes possible. However, structure-property relationships and thus design elements are often obscured by confounding variables. Here we show how useful design elements can be extracted with a systematic approach combining theory and experiment. To this end, we used targeted modifications of ionic liquids to isolate the effect of one variable at a time, with a focus on the influence of ion conformational space. Preparatory ab initio simulations on a large number of cations and ions revealed excellent model systems which were then synthesised and characterised experimentally. Physicochemical measurements and experimental crystal structures were in excellent agreement with ab initio results, thus building a consistent picture of the conformational space of ions in ionic liquids. In particular, conformational space emerged as a key design element for macroscopic properties, with an impact comparable to fluorination and ion volume. The link between conformational flexibility on a molecular level and the macroscopic transport properties was further investigated by means of classical molecular dynamics simulations. Additional experimental studies on uncharged analogues of ionic liquids revealed the need for a dual approach to the design of ionic liquids as well as an upper limit to such simple design elements. Thus, this work not only provides a set of specific design elements, but also a versatile strategy for the design of ionic liquids in general.
Thin circulant matrices and lower bounds on the complexity of some Boolean operators
Creators: name: Grinchuk, M. I.
name: Sergeev, I. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We prove a lower bound $Ω\left(\frac{k+l}{k^2l^2}N^{2-\frac{k+l+2}{kl}}\right)$ on the maximal possible weight of a $(k,l)$-free (that is, free of all-ones $k\times l$ submatrices) Boolean circulant $N \times N$ matrix. The bound is close to the known bound for the class of all $(k,l)$-free matrices. As a consequence, we obtain new bounds for several complexity measures of Boolean sums' systems and a lower bound $Ω(N^2\log^{-6} N)$ on the monotone complexity of the Boolean convolution of order $N$.
description: 15 pages
Sliding induced multiple polarization states in two-dimensional ferroelectrics
Creators: name: Meng, Peng
name: Wu, Yaze
name: Bian, Renji
name: Pan, Er
name: Dong, Biao
name: Zhao, Xiaoxu
name: Chen, Jiangang
name: Wu, Lishu
name: Sun, Yuqi
name: Fu, Qundong
name: Liu, Qing
name: Shi, Dong
name: Zhang, Qi
name: Zhang, Yong-Wei
name: Liu, Zheng
name: Liu, Fucai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When the atomic layers in a non-centrosymmetric van der Waals structure slide against each other, the interfacial charge transfer results in a reversal of the structures spontaneous polarization. This phenomenon is known as sliding ferroelectricity and it is markedly different from conventional ferroelectric switching mechanisms relying on ion displacement. Here, we present layer dependence as a new dimension to control sliding ferroelectricity. By fabricating 3R MoS2 of various thicknesses into dual-gate field-effect transistors, we obtain anomalous intermediate polarization states in multilayer 3R MoS2. Using results from ab initio density functional theory calculations, we propose a generalized model to describe the ferroelectric switching process in multilayer 3R MoS2 and to explain the formation of these intermediate polarization states. This work reveals the critical roles that layer number and interlayer dipole coupling play in sliding ferroelectricity and presents a new strategy for the design of novel sliding ferroelectric devices.
description: 25 pages, 4 figures
The optical selection rules of a graphene quantum dot in external electric fields
Creators: name: Dong, Qing-Rui
name: Liu, Chun-Xiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study theoretically the single-electron triangular zigzag graphene quantum dot in three typical in-plane electric fields. The far-infrared absorption spectra of the dot are calculated by the tight-binding method and then the optical selection rules are identified by contrast with the corresponding energy spectra. Our result shows that there exist the remarkable optical selection rules due to the C3 symmetry of the dot. When the electric field possesses also the C3 symmetry, there are only two absorption peaks in the absorption spectra. As the C3 symmetry of the system is damaged by the electric fields, both the intensity of the strongest peak and the number of the forbidden transitions decrease gradually. Moreover, the polarization causes the decrease of the peak intensities and even new forbidden transitions. Our findings may be useful for the application of graphene quantum dots to electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Successive interacting coronal mass ejections: How to create a perfect storm?
Creators: name: Koehn, Gordon J.
name: Desai, Ravindra T.
name: Davies, Emma E.
name: Forsyth, Robert J.
name: Eastwood, Jonathan P.
name: Poedts, Stefaan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are the largest type of eruptions on the Sun and the main driver of severe space weather at the Earth. In this study, we implement a force-free spheromak CME description within 3-D magnetohydrodynamic simulations to parametrically evaluate successive interacting CMEs within a representative heliosphere. We explore CME-CME interactions for a range of orientations, launch time variations and CME handedness and quantify their geo-effectiveness via the primary solar wind variables and empirical measures of the disturbance storm time index and subsolar magnetopause standoff distance. We show how the interaction of two moderate CMEs between the Sun and the Earth can translate into extreme conditions at the Earth and how CME-CME interactions at different radial distances can maximise different solar wind variables that induce different geophysical impacts. In particular, we demonstrate how the orientation and handedness of a given CME can have a significant impact on the conservation and loss of magnetic flux, and consequently B$_z$, due to magnetic reconnection with the interplanetary magnetic field. This study thus implicates identification of CME chirality in the solar corona as an early diagnostic for forecasting geomagnetic storms involving multiple CMEs.
description: 18 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables. The Astrophysical Journal, accepted 10 November 2022
Control of motional states of trapped ions with quantum invariants
Creators: name: Simsek, Selwyn
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: Quantum information processing with trapped ions is a mature field in which single and multiple qubit gates have been demonstrated with exceptionally high process fidelities. As such, there is much interest in designing architectures made up of arrays of ion traps that are able to perform general-purpose quantum computing and manufactured at large scale. These designs require that ions be shuttled throughout such an architecture as quickly as possible while avoiding decoherence of the internal motional states of the ions. Invariant-based inverse engineering has been proposed as a way to obtain such control procedures, with theoretical and experimental demonstrations. In this thesis, I will explore methods that extend the current results of invariant-based inverse engineering to allow for the precise control of motional states of trapped ions in more than one spatial dimension, which has great applicability to the problem of shuttling trapped ions through these architectures. First of all, I introduce a novel quantum invariant corresponding to that of a multidimensional motional state and show how it may be used to obtain experimental controls that realise ion shuttling around a corner, with relevant numerical examples. I then discuss how to extend this framework to the control of more than one ion at a time, with a numerical demonstration of separation of two trapped ions. Finally, I outline a method by which one may be able to characterise numerically the effect of noise and anharmonicities in trapping potentials on the motional states of trapped ions.
Efficiency of Learning from Proof Blocks Versus Writing Proofs
Creators: name: Poulsen, Seth
name: Gertner, Yael
name: Cosman, Benjamin
name: West, Matthew
name: Herman, Geoffrey L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Proof Blocks is a software tool that provides students with a scaffolded proof-writing experience, allowing them to drag and drop prewritten proof lines into the correct order instead of starting from scratch. In this paper we describe a randomized controlled trial designed to measure the learning gains of using Proof Blocks for students learning proof by induction. The study participants were 332 students recruited after completing the first month of their discrete mathematics course. Students in the study took a pretest and read lecture notes on proof by induction, completed a brief (less than 1 hour) learning activity, and then returned one week later to complete the posttest. Depending on the experimental condition that each student was assigned to, they either completed only Proof Blocks problems, completed some Proof Blocks problems and some written proofs, or completed only written proofs for their learning activity. We find that students in the early phases of learning about proof by induction are able to learn just as much from reading lecture notes and using Proof Blocks as by reading lecture notes and writing proofs from scratch, but in far less time on task. This finding complements previous findings that Proof Blocks are useful exam questions and are viewed positively by students.
description: To be presented at SIGCSE 2023
Magnetic-field-induced ordered phase in the chloro-bridged copper(II) dimer system [Cu2(apyhist)2Cl2](ClO4)2
Creators: name: Freitas, R. S.
name: Alves, W. A.
name: Paduan-Filho, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Specific heat and magnetization measurements of the compound [Cu2(apyhist)2Cl2](ClO4)2, where apyhist = (4-imidazolyl)ethylene-2-amino-1-ethylpyridine), were used to identify a magnetic-field-induced long-range antiferromagnetic ordered phase at low temperatures (T < 0.36 K) and magnetic fields (1.6 T < H < 5.3 T). This system consists of a Schiff base copper(II) complex, containing chloro-bridges between adjacent copper ions in a dinuclear arrangement, with an antiferromagnetic intradimer interaction |Jintra|/kB = 3.65 K linked by an antiferromagnetic coupling |Jinter|z/kB = 2.7 K. The magnetic-field-induced ordering behavior was analyzed using the mean field approximation and Monte Carlo simulation results. The obtained physical properties of the system are consistent with the description of the ordered phase as a Bose-Einstein Condensation (BEC) of magnetic excitations. We present the phase diagram of this compound, which shows one of the lowest critical magnetic field among all known members of the family of BEC quantum magnets.
Topological inverse Anderson insulator
Creators: name: Zuo, Zheng-Wei
name: Lin, Jing-Run
name: Kang, Dawei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A different type of topological phase dubbed topological inverse Anderson insulators is proposed, which is characterized by the disorder-induced extended bulk states from the flat-band localization and topological edge states. Based on the topological invariant, the behaviors of the localization length of the zero-energy modes, and quantum transport, we identify its existence in several all-band-flat models with the disordered potentials or hopping including the $π$-flux Creutz ladder, the fully dimerized Su-Schrieffer-Heeger chain, and $π$-flux diamond chain. Unlike the topological Anderson insulator, where disorder induces localization and exponential suppression of transport, the disorder-assisted quantum ballistic coherent transport can appear in the topological inverse Anderson insulator. In addition, our proposal and results could be realized by the current experimental techniques.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Feinberg-Horodecki Equation with Pöschl-Teller Potential: Space-like Coherent States
Creators: name: Arda, Altug
name: Sever, Ramazan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain the quantized momentum solutions, $\mathcal{P}_{n}$, of the Feinberg-Horodecki equation. We study the space-like coherent states for the space-like counterpart of the Schrödinger equation with trigonometric Pöschl-Teller potential which is constructed by temporal counterpart of the spatial Pöschl-Teller potential.
description: 8 pages
Systematic analysis of pH adaptation in fungi
Creators: name: Armstrong-James, Darius
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: A critical trait for fungal pathogens is ability to adapt to the host environment. In Candida albicans and Aspergillus nidulans it has been demonstrated that alkaline adaptation, mediated through the pH-responsive transcription factor Rim101/PacC, is critical for fungal virulence. Despite this, as Rim101/PacC is a transcription factor, it is likely that components of the downstream transcriptional response to pH, rather than Rim101/PacC itself, mediate this virulence phenotype. In this thesis a systematic approach is adopted to investigate the mechanisms of pH adaptation in two fungal pathogens, Candida glabrata and Aspergillus fumigatus, as well as the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Specifically comparative microarray analysis of the pH response at pH4 and pH8 was performed in all three fungi, in order to identify the conserved components of the translational response to pH. Furthermore, in order to better understand pH adaptation in S. cerevisiae, phenotypic analysis of genome-wide knockout libraries at pH4 and pH8 was also undertaken. As S. cerevisiae rim101 strains also demonstrate salt sensitivity parallel phenotypic and microarray analysis of yeast adaptation to lithium chloride was also performed. Finally, in order to identify genes under the control of the pH-responsive transcription factor Rim101, comparative microarray analysis of RIM101 and rim101 strains was also carried out at pH4 and pH8. These studies demonstrated that phenotypic and transcriptional components of pH adaptation appear to be distinct from eachother. In order to further investigate this molecular network modelling methods were employed using molecular interaction data available In S. cerevisiae. These approaches demonstrated a close network relationship between phenotypic and transcriptional components of alkaline adaptation. Comparative analysis of the yeast response to lithium chloride and alkaline pH further suggest that Rim101 and components of the Rim signalling pathway are critical to salt, but not alkaline, adaptation. Furthermore, Rlm101 appears to act predominantly as a transcriptional repressor at alkaline pH. The transcriptional response to pH was compared in S. cerevisiae, C. glabrata and A. fumigatus by microarray analysis at pH4 and pH8 in each organism, followed by identification of crossspecies pH functional orthologues by reciprocal blast analysis. This approach enabled the identification of species conserved components of the pH transcriptional response. Iron and copper homeostatic genes were consistently upregulated at alkaline pH in all three organisms, and relatively conserved in S. cerevisiae and C. glabrata. Fudhermore, at alkaline pH there is strong repression of many ribosomal genes consistent with the observation that yeast growth is limited at alkaline pH. This raises the possibility that pH-dependent iron and copper acquisition are major determinants of the ability to grow at alkaline pH, and therefore within the host.
Quadratic theory of gravity with a scalar field and type I Shapovalov wave spacetimes
Creators: name: Osetrin, Konstantin
name: Kirnos, Ilya
name: Filippov, Altair
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 83C10, 83C35

description: For the quadratic theory of gravity with a scalar field, exact solutions are found for gravitational-wave models in Shapovalov~I~type spacetimes, which do not arise in models of the general theory of relativity. The theory of gravity under consideration can effectively describe the early stages of the dynamics of the universe. Type I Shapovalov spaces are the most general form of gravitational-wave Shapovalov spacetimes, whose metric in privileged coordinate systems depends on three variables, including the wave variable. For Einstein vacuum spacetimes, these wave models degenerate into simpler types. The obtained exact models of gravitational waves in the quadratic theory of gravity can be used to test the realism of such theories of gravity.
description: 16 pages
Hot dense magnetized spinor matter in particle and astroparticle physics: the role of boundaries
Creators: name: Sitenko, Yu. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the influence of boundaries on chiral effects in hot dense relativistic spinor matter in a strong magnetic field which is orthogonal to the boundaries. The most general set of boundary conditions ensuring the confinement of matter within the boundaries is employed. We find that the chiral magnetic effect disappears, whereas the chiral separation effect stays on, becoming dependent on temperature and on a choice of boundary conditions. As temperature increases from zero to large values, a stepped-shape behaviour of the chiral separation effect as a function of chemical potential is changed to a smooth one. A choice of the boundary condition can facilitate either amplification or diminution of the chiral separation effect; in particular, the effect can persist even at zero chemical potential, if temperature is finite. This points at a significant role of boundaries for physical systems with hot dense magnetized spinor matter, i.e. compact astrophysical objects (neutron stars and magnetars), relativistic heavy-ion collisions, novel materials known as the Dirac and Weyl semimetals.
description: 7 pages; based on a plenary talk at the XVI Odessa Gamow International Conference-School "Astronomy and beyond: Astrophysics, Cosmology, Cosmomicrophysics, Astroparticle Physics, Radioastronomy and Astrobiology", 14-20 August 2016, Odessa, Ukraine. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1606.08241
Self-duality and scattering map for the hyperbolic van Diejen systems with two coupling parameters (with an appendix by S. Ruijsenaars)
Creators: name: Pusztai, B. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we construct global action-angle variables for a certain two-parameter family of hyperbolic van Diejen systems. Following Ruijsenaars' ideas on the translation invariant models, the proposed action-angle variables come from a thorough analysis of the commutation relation obeyed by the Lax matrix, whereas the proof of their canonicity is based on the study of the scattering theory. As a consequence, we show that the van Diejen system of our interest is self-dual with a factorized scattering map. Also, in an appendix by S. Ruijsenaars, a novel proof of the spectral asymptotics of certain exponential type matrix flows is presented. This result is of crucial importance in our scattering-theoretical analysis.
description: 48 pages
Risk Assessment of Kidney Disease Progression and Efficacy of SGLT2 Inhibition in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Creators: name: Moura, Filipe
name: Berg, David
name: Bellavia, Andrea
name: Dwyer, Jamie P
name: Mosenzon, Ofri
name: Scirica, Benjamin M
name: Wiviott, Stephen D
name: Bhatt, Deepak L
name: Raz, Itamar
name: Feinberg, Mark W.
name: Braunwald, Eugene
name: Morrow, David A
name: S. Sabatine, Marc
Publisher: name: Health Research Alliance
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 320101
subject: Cardiology (incl. cardiovascular diseases)

description: A novel risk model for kidney disease progression was developed and applied to stratify risk in pts with T2DM.
Proton energy behavior by variation of the target density in laser acceleration
Creators: name: Morita, Toshimasa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ion acceleration using a laser pulse irradiating a thin disk target is examined using three-dimensional and two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. A laser pulse of $620$ TW, with an intensity of $5\times 10^{21}$ W/cm$^{2}$ and a duration time of $27$ fs is irradiated on a double-layer target. Simulations are performed by varying the ion density, i.e., electron density, of the first layer. It is shown that the obtained proton energy jumps at a certain density of the first layer, which is made of a "light" material such as carbon; that is, Coulomb explosion of the target and radiation pressure acceleration act effectively above a certain density. Moreover, even at the same electron density, the reflection of the laser pulse from the first layer is small for a "light" material.
Electron acceleration at supernova remnants
Creators: name: Bohdan, Artem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supernova remnants (SNRs) are believed to produce the majority of galactic cosmic rays (CRs). SNRs harbor non-relativistic collisionless shocks responsible for acceleration of CRs via diffusive shock acceleration (DSA), in which particles gain their energies via repeated interactions with the shock front. As the DSA theory involves pre-existing mildly energetic particles, a means of pre-acceleration is required, especially for electrons. Electron injection remains one of the most troublesome and still unresolved issues and our physical understanding of it is essential to fully comprehend the physics of SNRs. To study any electron-scale phenomena responsible for pre-acceleration, we require a method capable of resolving these small kinetic scales and Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations fulfill this criterion. Here I report on the latest achievements made by utilising kinetic simulations of non-relativistic high Mach number shocks. I discuss how the physics of SNR shocks depend on the shock parameters (e.g., the shock obliquity, Mach numbers, the ion-to-electron mass ratio) as well as processes responsible for the electron heating and acceleration.
description: Accepted for publication in Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion. 10 pages, 8 figures
Multimodal Learning for Multi-Omics: A Survey
Creators: name: Tabakhi, Sina
name: Suvon, Mohammod Naimul Islam
name: Ahadian, Pegah
name: Lu, Haiping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With advanced imaging, sequencing, and profiling technologies, multiple omics data become increasingly available and hold promises for many healthcare applications such as cancer diagnosis and treatment. Multimodal learning for integrative multi-omics analysis can help researchers and practitioners gain deep insights into human diseases and improve clinical decisions. However, several challenges are hindering the development in this area, including the availability of easily accessible open-source tools. This survey aims to provide an up-to-date overview of the data challenges, fusion approaches, datasets, and software tools from several new perspectives. We identify and investigate various omics data challenges that can help us understand the field better. We categorize fusion approaches comprehensively to cover existing methods in this area. We collect existing open-source tools to facilitate their broader utilization and development. We explore a broad range of omics data modalities and a list of accessible datasets. Finally, we summarize future directions that can potentially address existing gaps and answer the pressing need to advance multimodal learning for multi-omics data analysis.
description: 52 pages, 3 figures; Revised matrix factorization fusion section