cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
An empirical analysis of the relationship between web usage and academic performance in undergraduate students
Creators: name: Hazelhurst, Scott
name: Johnson, Yestin
name: Sanders, Ian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: K.3

description: The use of the internet, and in particular web browsing, offers many potential advantages for educational institutions as students have access to a wide range of information previously not available. However, there are potential negative effects due to factors such as time-wasting and asocial behaviour. In this study, we conducted an empirical investigation of the academic performance and the web-usage pattern of 2153 undergraduate students. Data from university proxy logs allows us to examine usage patterns and we compared this data to the students' academic performance. The results show that there is a small but significant (both statistically and educationally) association between heavier web browsing and poorer academic results (lower average mark, higher failure rates). In addition, among good students, the proportion of students who are relatively light users of the internet is significantly greater than would be expected by chance.
A multiscale approach for recognizing complex annotations in engineering documents
Creators: name: Laine, Andrew F.
name: Ball, William
name: Kumar, Arun
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1991
Subjects: Medicine
Biomedical engineering

description: A novel method for character recognition targeted at complex annotations found in engineering documents is presented. A feasibility study is described in which characters extracted from engineering drawings were recognized without error from a class of 36 distinct alphanumeric patterns by a neural network classifier trained with multiscale representations. An incremental strategy is presented for resolution which relies upon the continuity between hierarchical levels of a novel multiscale decomposition. The authors observed a 16-fold reduction in the amount of information needed to represent each character for recognition. These results suggest high reliability at a reduced cost of representation.
Additional file 1 of The effect of socioeconomic status on informal caregiving for parents among adult married females: evidence from China
Creators: name: Wang, Yi
name: Li, Jiajia
name: Ding, Lulu
name: Feng, Yuejing
name: Tang, Xue
name: Sun, Long
name: Zhou, Chengchao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biotechnology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: Additional file 1.
Contrast enhancement by dyadic wavelet analysis
Creators: name: Laine, Andrew F.
name: Fan, Jian
name: Schuler, Sergio
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1994
Subjects: Medicine
Biomedical engineering

description: Introduces a method for accomplishing mammographic feature analysis by multiresolution representations of the dyadic wavelet  transform. The authors' approach consists of the application of nonlinear enhancing functions within levels of a multiresolution representation. They show that there exists a simple constraint for functions such that image enhancement is guaranteed. Furthermore, a simple case in which the enhancement  operator is a constant multiplier is mathematically equivalent to traditional unsharp masking. The authors show quantitatively that transform coefficients, modified within each level by  nonlinear operators, can make more obvious unseen or barely seen features of mammography without requiring additional radiation. The authors' results are compared with traditional image enhancement techniques by measuring the local contrast of known mammographic features.
SN 2006oz: rise of a super-luminous supernova observed by the SDSS-II SN Survey
Creators: name: Leloudas, G.
name: Chatzopoulos, E.
name: Dilday, B.
name: Gorosabel, J.
name: Vinko, J.
name: Gallazzi, A.
name: Wheeler, J. C.
name: Bassett, B.
name: Fischer, J. A.
name: Frieman, J. A.
name: Fynbo, J. P. U.
name: Goobar, A.
name: Jelinek, M.
name: Malesani, D.
name: Nichol, R. C.
name: Nordin, J.
name: Ostman, L.
name: Sako, M.
name: Schneider, D. P.
name: Smith, M.
name: Sollerman, J.
name: Stritzinger, M. D.
name: Thoene, C. C.
name: Postigo, A. de Ugarte
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study SN 2006oz, a newly-recognized member of the class of H-poor, super-luminous supernovae. We present multi-color light curves from the SDSS-II SN Survey, that cover the rise time, as well as an optical spectrum that shows that the explosion occurred at z~0.376. We fitted black body functions to estimate the temperature and radius evolution of the photosphere and used the parametrized code SYNOW to model the spectrum. We constructed a bolometric light curve and compared it with explosion models. The very early light curves show a dip in the g- and r-bands and a possible initial cooling phase in the u-band before rising to maximum light. The bolometric light curve shows a precursor plateau with a duration of 6-10 days in the rest-frame. A lower limit of M_u < -21.5 can be placed on the absolute peak luminosity of the SN, while the rise time is constrained to be at least 29 days. During our observations, the emitting sphere doubled its radius to 2x10^15 cm, while the temperature remained hot at 15000 K. As for other similar SNe, the spectrum is best modeled with elements including O II and Mg II, while we tentatively suggest that Fe III might be present. We suggest that the precursor plateau might be related to a recombination wave in a circumstellar medium (CSM) and discuss whether this is a common property of all similar explosions. The subsequent rise can be equally well described by input from a magnetar or by ejecta-CSM interaction, but the models are not well constrained owing to the lack of post-maximum observations, and CSM interaction has difficulties accounting for the precursor plateau self-consistently. Radioactive decay is less likely to be the mechanism that powers the luminosity. The host galaxy, detected in deep imaging with the 10 m GTC, is a moderately young and star-forming, but not a starburst, galaxy. It has an absolute magnitude of M_g = -16.9.
description: Contains minor changes (of editorial nature) with respect to v1 in order to match the published version. The abstract has been modified to fit the arXiv space requirements. 11 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables
Regularization of Tunneling Rates with Quantum Chaos
Creators: name: Pecora, Louis M.
name: Lee, Hoshik
name: Wu, Dong-Ho
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study tunneling in various shaped, closed, two-dimensional, flat potential, double wells by calculating the energy splitting between symmetric and anti-symmetric state pairs. For shapes that have regular or nearly regular classical behavior (e.g. rectangular or circular) the tunneling rates vary greatly over wide ranges often by several orders of magnitude. However, for well shapes that admit more classically chaotic behavior (e.g. the stadium, the Sinai billiard) the range of tunneling rates narrows, often by orders of magnitude. This dramatic narrowing appears to come from destabilization of periodic orbits in the regular wells that produce the largest and smallest tunneling rates and causes the splitting vs. energy relation to take on a possibly universal shape. It is in this sense that we say the quantum chaos regularizes the tunneling rates.
Quantitative evaluation of wavelet-based image processing algorithms
Creators: name: Jing, Zhenxue
name: Zheng, Yisheng
name: Huda, Walter
name: Laine, Andrew F.
name: Fan, Jian
name: Xing, Yunong
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1994
Subjects: Medicine
Biomedical engineering

description: Wavelet analysis is currently being investigated as an image enhancement tool for use in mammography. Although this approach to image processing appears to have great promise, there remain major uncertainties regarding an optimal form of wavelet based algorithms. It is, therefore, desirable to have a quantitative method for evaluating a wavelet based image processing algorithm. Optimization of algorithms prior to evaluation using standard Receiver Operating Characteristic method is made possible. A mathematical method has been developed where the input signal is a gaussian with added random noise. An enhancement factor (EF) is obtained from input and output signal-to-noise ratios, SNRi and SNRo, (EF equals SNRo/SNRi). The development and testing of this method is described, and a practical application in given showing the major features of a wavelet based image processing algorithm based on the Frazier-Jawerth transform.
Regularization in tomographic reconstruction using thresholding estimators
Creators: name: Kalifa, Jerome
name: Laine, Andrew F.
name: Esser, Peter D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2001
Subjects: Medicine
Biomedical engineering

description: In tomographic medical devices such as SPECT or PET cameras, image reconstruction is an unstable inverse problem, due to the presence of additive noise. A new family of regularization methods for reconstruction, based on a thresholding procedure in wavelet and wavelet packet decompositions, is studied. This approach is based on the fact that the decompositions provide a near-diagonalization of the inverse Radon transform and of the prior information on medical images. An optimal wavelet packet decomposition is adaptively chosen for the specific image to be restored. Corresponding algorithms have been developed for both 2-D and full 3-D reconstruction. These procedures are fast, non-iterative, flexible, and their performance outperforms Filtered Back-Projection and iterative procedures such as OS-EM.
The Prevalence of Sexual Assault: Evidence for Social Work Education and Practice
Creators: name: Busch-Armendariz, Noël Bridget
name: Bell, Holly
name: DiNitto, Diana M.
name: Vohra-Gupta, Shetal
name: McDaniel Rhodes, Diane
Publisher: name: Social Work Review
Year: 2011
Subjects: sexual assault
rape
sexual assault in the United States
sexual assault globally
social work response to sexual assault

description: Sexual assault is a major social problem that requires well-informed, empirically grounded policy and practice responses. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of sexual assault in Texas and to add to our understanding of the crime of sexual assault. A representative sample of 1,200 adult women and men aged 18 and older from diverse ethnic/racial, socioeconomic, and educational backgrounds was interviewed about their lifetime experiences of sexual assault victimization. Approximately 20 percent of women and five percent of men had been sexually assaulted during their lifetimes. Overall, the prevalence was 13 percent. The findings are consistent with research in general population in the US (Elliott, Mok and Briere, 2004) and internationally (World Health Organization, 2005) underscoring the cross-cultural occurrence of adult sexual assault. This information can assist social workers to target support services to victims and to develop innovative services and policy recommendations for sexual assault survivors.
Tomographic reconstruction with non-linear diagonal estimators
Creators: name: Kalifa, Jerome
name: Laine, Andrew F.
name: Esser, Peter D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2000
Subjects: Medicine
Biomedical engineering

description: In tomographic reconstruction, the inversion of the Radon transform in the presence of noise is numerically unstable. Reconstruction estimators are studied where the regularization is performed by a thresholding in a wavelet or wavelet packet decomposition. These estimators are efficient and their optimality can be established when the decomposition provides a near-diagonalization of the inverse Radon transform operator and a compact representation of the object to be recovered. Several new estimators are investigated in different decomposition. First numerical results already exhibit a strong metrical and perceptual improvement over current reconstruction methods. These estimators are implemented with fast non-iterative algorithms, and are expected to outperform Filtered Back-Projection and iterative procedures for PET, SPECT and X-ray CT devices.
Black hole uniqueness theorems and new thermodynamic identities in eleven dimensional supergravity
Creators: name: Hollands, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider stationary, non-extremal black holes in 11-dimensional supergravity having isometry group $\mathbb{R} \times U(1)^8$. We prove that such a black hole is uniquely specified by its angular momenta, its electric charges associated with the various 7-cycles in the manifold, together with certain moduli and vector valued winding numbers characterizing the topological nature of the spacetime and group action. We furthermore establish interesting, non-trivial, relations between the thermodynamic quantities associated with the black hole. These relations are shown to be a consequence of the hidden $E_{8(+8)}$ symmetry in this sector of the solution space, and are distinct from the usual "Smarr-type" formulas that can be derived from the first law of black hole mechanics. We also derive the "physical process" version of this first law applicable to a general stationary black hole spacetime without any symmetry assumptions other than stationarity, allowing in particular arbitrary horizon topologies. The work terms in the first law exhibit the topology of the horizon via the intersection numbers between cycles of various dimensions.
description: 50pp, 3 figures, v2: references added, correction in appendix B, conclusions added, v3: reference section edited, typos removed, minor changes in appendix D
Characteristics of the registered nurse workforce : associations with mortality rates in general and hospital-based populations
Creators: name: Regan, Sandra R
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Concerns regarding a shortage of registered nurses (RNs) have underscored the importance of improving methods for workforce planning. The goal of this dissertation was to contribute knowledge that could enhance nursing human resources (NHR) planning, with a particular focus on a population health, needs-based approach. This research relied on descriptive-exploratory analyses using repeated measures of data obtained from the College of Registered Nurses of British Columbia (BC) and publicly available reports of the BC Vital Statistics Agency and Canadian Institute for Health Information. Three studies were conducted to: a) investigate the spatial and temporal patterns and trends in the BC RN workforce (Study one); b) examine the associations between selected characteristics of the RN workforce and indicators of population health (Study two); and c) examine the associations between selected characteristics of the RN workforce and the hospital standardized mortality ratio (HSMR) (Study three). Small area analysis (Studies two and three) and mixed effects statistical models (Studies two and three) were used. The results of study one showed that geographic areas (BC’s local health areas [LHAs]) with low general population density (i.e., < 10,000 general population) differed from higher general population density areas in the patterns and trends of the selected RN workforce characteristics, both spatially and temporally. In study two, correlations between selected population health indicators and RN workforce characteristics were modest in magnitude and only a few of these correlations persisted in the three years of the study (2002 – 2004). No statistically significant relationships were found between the selected population health indicators and RN workforce characteristics. The findings of study three indicated that greater numbers of RN managers per 100 hospital beds were associated with lower HSMRs (lower hospital mortality). Findings from these studies suggest that geographic context at the small area level is an important consideration for NHR planning and that decision-makers need to look beyond the supply of RNs and examine how other workforce characteristics influence planning. Some of the limitations of currently available data and methods for planning NHR are identified, particularly related to needs-based planning, and avenues for further research regarding NHR planning are recommended.
Quantitative validation of optical flow based myocardial strain measures using sonomicrometry
Creators: name: Duan, Qi
name: Parker, Katherine M.
name: Lorsakul, Auranuch
name: Angelini, Elsa D.
name: Hyodo, Eiichi
name: Homma, Shunichi
name: Holmes, Jeffrey W.
name: Laine, Andrew F.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Medicine
Biomedical engineering

description: Dynamic cardiac metrics, including myocardial strains and displacements, provide a quantitative approach to evaluate cardiac function. However, in current clinical diagnosis, largely 2D strain measures are used despite that cardiac motions are complex 3D volumes over time. Recent advances in 4D ultrasound enable the capability to capture such complex motion in a single image data set. In our previous work, a 4D optical flow based motion tracking algorithm was developed to extract full 4D dynamic cardiac metrics from such 4D ultrasound data. In order to quantitatively evaluate this tracking method, in-vivo coronary artery occlusion experiments at various locations were performed on three canine hearts. Each dog was screened with 4D ultrasound and sonomicrometry data was acquired during each occlusion study. The 4D ultrasound data from these experiments was then analyzed with the tracking method and estimated principal strain measures were directly compared to those recorded by sonomicrometry. Strong agreement was observed independently for the three canine hearts. This is the first validation study of optical flow based strain estimation for 4D ultrasound with a direct comparison with sonomicrometry using in-vivo data.
Incoherent Neutrinoproduction of Photons and Pions in a Chiral Effective Field Theory for Nuclei
Creators: name: Zhang, Xilin
name: Serot, Brian D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the incoherent neutrinoproduction of photons and pions with neutrino energy E_ν $\leqslant$ 0.5 GeV. These processes are relevant to the background analysis in neutrino-oscillation experiments, for example MiniBooNE [A. A. Aquilar-Arevalo \textit{et al.} (MiniBooNE Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 032301(2008)]. The calculations are carried out using a Lorentz-covariant effective field theory (EFT) which contains nucleons, pions, the Delta (1232) ($Δ$ s), isoscalar scalar ($σ$) and vector ($ω$) fields, and isovector vector ($ρ$) fields, and has SU(2)_{L} $\otimes$ SU(2)_{R} chiral symmetry realized nonlinearly. The contributions of one-body currents are studied in the local fermi gas approximation. The current form factors are generated by meson dominance in the EFT Lagrangian. The conservation of the vector current and the partial conservation of the axial current are satisfied automatically, which is crucial for photon production. The $Δ$ dynamics in nuclei, as a key component in the study, are explored. Introduced $Δ$-meson couplings explain the $Δ$ spin-orbit (S-L) coupling in nuclei, and this leads to interesting constraints on the theory. Meanwhile a phenomenological approach is applied to parametrize the $Δ$ width. To benchmark our approximations, we calculate the differential cross sections for quasi-elastic scattering and incoherent electroproduction of pions without a final state interaction (FSI). The FSI can be ignored for photon production.
description: 32 pages, 12 figures, and 3 tables, typos corrected
Apple Sauce & Academia: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of Student-Mothers' Experiences in Graduate School
Creators: name: Fix, Jane Allison
Publisher: name: Werklund School of Education
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: mother, graduate school, role integration, values, coping
subject: Education--Adult and Continuing
subject: Social Structure and Development
subject: Women's Studies
subject: Mental Health

description: Despite extensive research on the impacts of stress on the traditional student body in higher education, the presence of mothers in graduate school and their unique experiences and contributions have all but gone unnoticed. Specifically, the emotional and physical impacts of gendered role integration in graduate school remain largely unknown. In this study, I explore the lived experience of six Canadian graduate student-mothers. All of the participants were married, residing with the biological father of their children, and were between the ages of 30 and 41 years during their time in graduate school. Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) as a guide, semi-structured interviews were conducted to obtain a deeper understanding of the student-mothers’ multiple-role experiences. Five over-arching themes emerged (a) power of values, (b) socio-ecological system, (c) experience of role integration, (d) coping strategies, and (e) reflections of meaning. A better understanding of the experience of graduate student-mothers can help inform treatment protocols for medical and mental health professionals, provide recommendations to current and prospective students, as well as foster compassion and systemic change within the academe.
Augmenting CT cardiac roadmaps with segmented streaming ultrasound
Creators: name: Duan, Qi
name: Shechter, Guy
name: Gutiérrez, Luis F.
name: Stanton, Douglas
name: Zagorchev, Lyubomir
name: Laine, Andrew F.
name: Elgort, Daniel R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Medicine
Biomedical engineering

description: Static X-ray computed tomography (CT) volumes are often used as anatomic roadmaps during catheter-based cardiac interventions performed under X-ray fluoroscopy guidance. These CT volumes provide a high-resolution depiction of soft-tissue structures, but at only a single point within the cardiac and respiratory cycles. Augmenting these static CT roadmaps with segmented myocardial borders extracted from live ultrasound (US) provides intra-operative access to real-time dynamic information about the cardiac anatomy. In this work, using a customized segmentation method based on a 3D active mesh, endocardial borders of the left ventricle were extracted from US image streams (4D data sets) at a frame rate of approximately 5 frames per second. The coordinate systems for CT and US modalities were registered using rigid body registration based on manually selected landmarks, and the segmented endocardial surfaces were overlaid onto the CT volume. The root-mean squared fiducial registration error was 3.80 mm. The accuracy of the segmentation was quantitatively evaluated in phantom and human volunteer studies via comparison with manual tracings on 9 randomly selected frames using a finite-element model (the US image resolutions of the phantom and volunteer data were 1.3 x 1.1 x 1.3 mm and 0.70 x 0.82 x 0.77 mm, respectively). This comparison yielded 3.70Â±2.5 mm (approximately 3 pixels) root-mean squared error (RMSE) in a phantom study and 2.58Â±1.58 mm (approximately 3 pixels) RMSE in a clinical study. The combination of static anatomical roadmap volumes and dynamic intra-operative anatomic information will enable better guidance and feedback for image-guided minimally invasive cardiac interventions.
Causal diffusion and its backwards diffusion problem
Creators: name: Kowar, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35R30, 65J20, 60J60, 45B05, 33C10

description: This article starts over the backwards diffusion problem by replacing the \emph{noncausal} diffusion equation, the direct problem, by the \emph{causal} diffusion model developed in \cite{Kow11} for the case of constant diffusion speed. For this purpose we derive an analytic representation of the Green function of causal diffusion in the wave vector-time space for arbitrary (wave vector) dimension $N$. We prove that the respective backwards diffusion problem is ill-posed, but not exponentially ill-posed, if the data acquisition time is larger than a characteristic time period $τ$ ($2\,τ$) for space dimension $N\geq 3$ (N=2). In contrast to the noncausal case, the inverse problem is well-posed for N=1. Moreover, we perform a theoretical and numerical comparison between causal and noncausal diffusion in the \emph{space-time domain} and the \emph{wave vector-time domain}. The paper is concluded with numerical simulations of the backwards diffusion problem via the Landweber method.
description: In the replacement I have rewritten the abstract and the introduction. Moreover, I have added Remark 1 and simplified a little bit the proof of Theorem 4. The reference 25 is updated, since the paper is now published
An adaptive speed term based on homogeneity for level-set segmentation
Creators: name: Jin, Yinpeng
name: Laine, Andrew F.
name: Imielinska, Celina Z.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Medicine
Biomedical engineering

description: We tested on an edge map computed from a local homogeneity measurement, which is a potential replacement for the traditional gradient-based edge map in level-set segmentation. In existing level-set methods, the gradient information is used as a stopping criteria for curve evolution, and also provides the attracting force to the zero level-set from the target boundary. However, in a discrete implementation, the gradient-based term can never fully stop the level-set evolution even for ideal edges, leakage is often unavoidable. Also the effective distance of the attracting force and blurring of edges become a trade-off in choosing the shape and support of the smoothing filter. The proposed homogeneity measurement provides easier and more robust edge estimation, and the possibility of fully stopping the level-set evolution. The homogeneity term decreasing from a homogenous region to the boundary, which dramatically increases the effective distance of the attracting force and also provides additional measurement of the overall approximation to the target boundary. Therefore, it provides a reliable criteria of adaptively changing the advent speed. By using this term, the leakage problem was avoided effectively in most cases compared to traditional level-set methods. The computation of the homogeneity is fast and its extension to the 3D case is straightforward.
Explaining the ttbar Forward-Backward Asymmetry from a GUT-Inspired Model
Creators: name: Stone, David C.
name: Uttayarat, Patipan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a model that includes light colored scalars from the {\bf 45} and {\bf 50} representations of SU(5) in order to explain the CDF- and D$Ø$-reported $t\bar{t}$ forward-backward asymmetry, $A^{t\bar{t}}_{FB}$. These light scalars are, labeled by their charges under the Standard Model gauge groups, the $(6,1)_{4/3}$ and $(\bar{6},3)_{1/3}$ from the {\bf 50} and the $(8,2)_{1/2}$ from the {\bf 45}. When the Yukawa coupling of the {\bf 50} is reasonably chosen and that of the {\bf 45} kept negligible at the scale of $M_Z$, the model yields phenomenologically viable results in agreement with the total $A^{t\bar{t}}_{FB}$ reported by CDF at the 0.7$σ$ level and with $A^{t\bar{t}}_{FB} (M_{t\bar{t}} \ge 450 \text{GeV})$ at the 2.2$σ$ level. Additionally, the Yukawa coupling of the {\bf 50} remains perturbative to the GUT scale (which defines a "reasonably chosen" value at $M_Z$), and the presence of the light scalar from the {\bf 45} allows for gauge coupling unification at a scale of $M_{GUT} \sim 10^{17}$ GeV.
description: 18 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables, 1 appendix, typos corrected, reference added, published on JHEP
Resonant Auger spectroscopy at the L2,3 shake-up thresholds as a probe of electron correlation effects in nickel
Creators: name: Magnuson, M.
name: Wassdahl, N.
name: Nilsson, A.
name: Föhlisch, A.
name: Nordgren, J.
name: Mårtensson, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The excitation energy dependence of the three-hole satellites in the L3-M4,5M4,5 and L2-M4,5M4,5 Auger spectra of nickel metal has been measured using synchrotron radiation. The satellite behavior in the non-radiative emission spectra at the L3 and L2 thresholds is compared and the influence of the Coster-Kronig channel explored. The three-hole satellite intensity at the L3 Auger emission line reveals a peak structure at 5 eV above the L3 threshold attributed to resonant processes at the 2p53d9 shake-up threshold. This is discussed in connection with the 6-eV feature in the x-ray absorption spectrum.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures; http://prb.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v58/i7/p3677_1
Contrast enhancement by multi-scale adaptive histogram equalization
Creators: name: Jin, Yinpeng
name: Fayad, Laura
name: Laine, Andrew F.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2001
Subjects: Medicine
Biomedical engineering

description: An approach for contrast enhancement utilizing multi-scale analysis is introduced. Sub-band coefficients were modified by the method of adaptive histogram equalization. To achieve optimal contrast enhancement, the sizes of sub-regions were chosen with consideration to the support of the analysis filters. The enhanced images provided subtle details of tissues that are only visible with tedious contrast/brightness windowing methods currently used in clinical reading. We present results on chest CT data, which shows significant improvement over existing state-of-the-art methods: unsharp masking, adaptive histogram equalization (AHE), and the contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE). A systematic study on 109 clinical chest CT images by three radiologists suggests the promise of this method in terms of both interpretation time and diagnostic performance on different pathological cases. In addition, radiologists observed no noticeable artifacts or amplification of noise that usually appears in traditional adaptive histogram equalization and its variations.
Flow cytometry analysis and sorting of chromosomes following hybridization with fluorescent probes that target specific DNA repeat sequences
Creators: name: Brind'Amour, Julie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Traditional cytogenetic approaches allow analysis of the chromosomal composition (karyotype) of mitotic cells fixed on slides cells by microscopy. The combination of karyotyping and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) enables the detection of specific target sequences on individual chromosomes. Disadvantages are that traditional cytogenetic approaches are very labor and time consuming and that chromosome specific information from only a few dozen cells has poor statistical power. An alternative is flow karyotyping, a method to analyze chromosomes in suspension by flow cytometry. For flow karyotyping, the DNA composition of specific chromosomes in suspension is measured based on the DNA-specific dyes Hoechst 33258 (HO) and Chromomycin A3 (CA3). My thesis work has focused on the development of a new method to analyze and sort chromosomes using FISH with labeled peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes on chromosomes in suspension. I found that, following FISH, flow karyotyping can be used to detect and quantify repetitive DNA sequences within individual chromosomes. Using chromosome flow FISH (CFF), chromosomes isolated from cells of various species were hybridized to PNA probes and analyzed by flow cytometry. CFF was used to detect a variety of repeats; interstitial telomeric sequences in Chinese Hamster chromosomes, major satellite in mouse chromosomes and D18Z1 alpha satellite repeats in human chromosomes. Quantitative measurements of repeat length by CFF were validated by comparison with measurements obtained using Q-FISH. We found that parental homologs of human chromosome 18 with different D18Z1 satellite repeat array size could be purified using CFF and Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS). Illumina short read sequencing of libraries built from these purified chromosomes enabled us to determine, with a high resolution, the allelic phasing of each homolog over the entire chromosome 18. Finally, CFF was modified to study sister chromatids separately. Using a cell model with inducible separation of sister chromatids, flow karyograms were generated. Using chromosome orientation FISH (CO-FISH) in suspension, we could identify sister chromatids according to the presence of DNA template strands. We anticipate that this approach will allow the purification of sister chromatids to study epigenetic differences between sister chromatids defined on the basis of DNA template strands.
The nature of the low energy band of the Fenna-Matthews-Olson complex: vibronic signatures
Creators: name: Caycedo-Soler, Felipe
name: Chin, Alex W.
name: Almeida, Javier
name: Huelga, Susana F.
name: Plenio, Martin B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based entirely upon actual experimental observations on electron-phonon coupling, we develop a theoretical framework to show that the lowest energy band of the Fenna- Matthews-Olson (FMO) complex exhibits observable features due to the quantum nature of the vibrational manifolds present in its chromophores. The study of linear spectra provides us with the basis to understand the dynamical features arising from the vibronic structure in non-linear spectra in a progressive fashion, starting from a microscopic model to finally performing an inhomogenous average. We show that the discreteness of the vibronic structure can be witnessed by probing the diagonal peaks of the non-linear spectra by means of a relative phase shift in the waiting time resolved signal. Moreover, we demonstrate the photon-echo and non-rephasing paths are sensitive to different harmonics in the vibrational manifold when static disorder is taken into account. Supported by analytical and numerical calculations, we show that nondiagonal resonances in the 2D spectra in the waiting time, further capture the discreteness of vibrations through a modulation of the amplitude without any effect in the signal intrinsic frequency. This fact generates a signal that is highly sensitive to correlations in the static disorder of the excitonic energy albeit protected against dephasing due to inhomogeneities of the vibrational ensemble.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures
Additional file 6 of Comparative proteomic analysis reveals that the Heterosis of two maize hybrids is related to enhancement of stress response and photosynthesis respectively
Creators: name: Wang, Daoping
name: Mu, Yongying
name: Hu, Xiaojiao
name: Ma, Bo
name: Wang, Zhibo
name: Zhu, Li
name: Xu, Jiang
name: Huang, Changling
name: Pan, Yinghong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 6 Fig. S6. Total ion chromatograms of ZD909 male parent.
Designing all-graphene nanojunctions by covalent functionalization
Creators: name: Cocchi, Caterina
name: Ruini, Alice
name: Prezzi, Deborah
name: Caldas, Marilia J.
name: Molinari, Elisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigated theoretically the effect of covalent edge functionalization, with organic functional groups, on the electronic properties of graphene nanostructures and nano-junctions. Our analysis shows that functionalization can be designed to tune electron affinities and ionization potentials of graphene flakes, and to control the energy alignment of frontier orbitals in nanometer-wide graphene junctions. The stability of the proposed mechanism is discussed with respect to the functional groups, their number as well as the width of graphene nanostructures. The results of our work indicate that different level alignments can be obtained and engineered in order to realize stable all-graphene nanodevices.
title: Конвенциональность уголовного наказания в зарубежных исследованиях: теоретические основы и прикладные инструменты
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: Северо-Кавказский федеральный университет
Year: 2023

description: Книга адресована преподавателям, аспирантам, студентам, всем, кто интересуется проблемами и тенденциями социологии права, социологии преступности, исследованиями в области конвенциональности уголовного наказания.
The ACS Survey of Galactic Globular Clusters XI: The Three-Dimensional Orientation of the Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy and its Globular Clusters
Creators: name: Siegel, Michael H.
name: Majewski, Steven R.
name: Law, David R.
name: Sarajedini, Ata
name: Dotter, Aaron
name: Marin-Franch, A.
name: Chaboyer, Brian
name: Anderson, Jay
name: Aparicio, Antonio
name: Bedin, Luigi R.
name: Hempel, Maren
name: Milone, Antonino
name: Paust, Nathaniel
name: Piotto, Giampaolo
name: Reid, I. Neill
name: Rosenberg, Alfred
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use observations from the ACS study of Galactic globular clusters to investigate the spatial distribution of the inner regions of the disrupting Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal galaxy (Sgr). We combine previously published analyses of four Sgr member clusters located near or in the Sgr core (M54, Arp 2, Terzan 7 and Terzan 8) with a new analysis of diffuse Sgr material identified in the background of five low-latitude Galactic bulge clusters (NGC 6624, 6637, 6652, 6681 and 6809) observed as part of the ACS survey. By comparing the bulge cluster CMDs to our previous analysis of the M54/Sgr core, we estimate distances to these background features. The combined data from four Sgr member clusters and five Sgr background features provides nine independent measures of the Sgr distance and, as a group, provide uniformly measured and calibrated probes of different parts of the inner regions of Sgr spanning twenty degrees over the face of the disrupting dwarf. This allows us, for the first time, to constrain the three dimensional orientation of Sgr's disrupting core and globular cluster system and compare that orientation to the predictions of an N-body model of tidal disruption. The density and distance of Sgr debris is consistent with models that favor a relatively high Sgr core mass and a slightly greater distance (28-30 kpc, with a mean of 29.4 kpc). Our analysis also suggests that M54 is in the foreground of Sgr by ~2 kpc, projected on the center of the Sgr dSph. While this would imply a remarkable alignment of the cluster and the Sgr nucleus along the line of sight, we can not identify any systematic effect in our analysis that would falsely create the measured 2 kpc separation. Finally, we find that the cluster Terzan 7 has the most discrepant distance (25 kpc) among the four Sgr core clusters, which may suggest a different dynamical history than the other Sgr core clusters.
description: 41 pages, 16 figures, accepted to ApJ
Automatic detection of blood versus non-blood regions on intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) images using wavelet packet signatures
Creators: name: Katouzian, Amin
name: Baseri, Babak
name: Konofagou, Elisa E.
name: Laine, Andrew F.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Medicine
Biomedical engineering

description: Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) has been proven a reliable imaging modality that is widely employed in cardiac interventional procedures. It can provide morphologic as well as pathologic information on the occluded plaques in the coronary arteries. In this paper, we present a new technique using wavelet packet analysis that differentiates between blood and non-blood regions on the IVUS images. We utilized the multi-channel texture segmentation algorithm based on the discrete wavelet packet frames (DWPF). A k-mean clustering algorithm was deployed to partition the extracted textural features into blood and non-blood in an unsupervised fashion. Finally, the geometric and statistical information of the segmented regions was used to estimate the closest set of pixels to the lumen border and a spline curve was fitted to the set. The presented algorithm may be helpful in delineating the lumen border automatically and more reliably prior to the process of plaque characterization, especially with 40 MHz transducers, where appearance of the red blood cells renders the border detection more challenging, even manually. Experimental results are shown and they are quantitatively compared with manually traced borders by an expert. It is concluded that our two dimensional (2-D) algorithm, which is independent of the cardiac and catheter motions performs well in both in-vivo and in-vitro cases.
Constructing a Galactic coordinate system based on near-infrared and radio catalogs
Creators: name: Liu, Jia-Cheng
name: Zhu, Zi
name: Hu, Bo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The definition of the Galactic coordinate system was announced by the IAU Sub-Commission 33b on behalf of the IAU in 1958. For more than 50 years the definition of the Galactic coordinate system has remained unchanged from this IAU1958 version. On the basis of deep and all-sky catalogs, the position of the Galactic plane can be revised and updated definitions of the Galactic coordinate systems can be proposed. We re-determine the position of the Galactic plane based on modern large catalogs, such as the Two Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS) and the SPECFIND v2.0. This paper also aims to propose a possible definition of the optimal Galactic coordinate system by adopting the ICRS position of the Sgr A* at the Galactic center. The near-infrared 2MASS point source catalog and the SPECFIND v2.0 catalog of radio continuum spectra are used to determine the mean position of the Galactic plane on the celestial sphere. By fitting the data to an ideal Galactic equator, the parameters defining the Galactic coordinate system are obtained. We find that the obliquity of the Galactic equator on the ICRS principal plane is about $0.4^\circ$ (2MASS) and $0.6^\circ$ (SPECFIND v2.0) larger than the J2000.0 value, which is widely used in coordinate transformations between the equatorial $(α, δ)$ and the Galactic $(\ell, b)$. Depending on the adopted parameters, data, and methods, the largest difference between the resulting Galactic coordinate systems is several arcminutes. We derive revised transformation matrices and parameters describing the orientation of the Galactic coordinate systems in the ICRS at the 1 milli-arcsecond level to match the precision of modern observations. For practical applications, we propose that a revised definition of the Galactic coordinate system should be required in the near future.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, accepted by Astronomy and Astrophysics
Kurzumtriebsplantagen auf Ackerland : ökonomische Bewertung einer Anbauoption mit ökologischen Vorteilen am Beispiel des Freistaats Sachsen
Creators: name: Kröber, Mathias
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 630

description: Gegenstand der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die betriebswirtschaftliche Bewertung verschiedener Verfahrensketten der Hackschnitzelerzeugung aus Kurzumtriebsplantagen (KUP) zur energetischen Verwertung in Sachsen. Dabei erzielen beim vierjährigen Umtrieb das Verfahren Mähhacker sowie beim achtjährigen Umtrieb die Beerntung mit der Motorsäge die höchsten Gewinnbeiträge (Annuitäten). In Gebieten mit besonderen Schutzfunktionen (z. B. Trinkwasserschutzgebiete) können KUP eine sinnvolle Nutzungsalternative zum intensiven Marktfruchtanbau darstellen. Die Berücksichtigung naturschutzfachlicher Aspekte (Bestandslücken, Beimischung heimischer Gehölze, Anlage von Hecken- und Saumstrukturen) führt trotz verringerter Biomasseerträge durch die Gewährung von Beihilfen im Rahmen von Agrarumweltmaßnahmen aus finanzieller Sicht kaum zu geringeren Annuitäten. Eine Gegenüberstellung von KUP und annuellen Kulturen zeigt, dass KUP beim achtjährigen Umtrieb vergleichbare Gewinnbeiträge erzielen wie typische Getreidekulturen bei einem mittleren Erzeugerpreis- und Ertragsniveau.
description: The present study examines several process chains in the production of wood chips from short rotation coppice (SRC) plantations in Saxony for use as an energy source and evaluates them from a business point of view. With regard to contributions made to returns (annuities), the following harvesting methods showed the best results: mower-chipper in 4-year rotations and chain saw in 8-year rotations. In areas subject to special protective measures (e.g. drinking water protection zones), the establishment of SRC plantations can be a valuable alternative to intensive crop cultivation. Should the establishment of SRC plantations include protective measures, such as gaps in the plantation, partial inclusion of local trees and shrubs, or fringe structures (e.g. hedges), a reduction in biomass yield is inevitable. Nonetheless, income is almost unchanged if agri-environmental subsidies are granted. The comparison between SRC plantations and annual crops reveals that SRC plantations in 8 year rotations produce similar financial yields to commonly grown cereals at average producer prices and yield levels.