cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Multicomponent integrable wave equations II: Soliton solutions
Creators: name: Degasperis, Antonio
name: Lombardo, Sara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Darboux Dressing Transformations developed in our previous paper (Multicomponent integrable wave equations I. Darboux-Dressing Transformation, J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 40, 961-977, 2007) are here applied to construct soliton solutions for a class of boomeronic type equations. The vacuum (i.e. vanishing) solution and the generic plane wave solution are both dressed to yield one soliton solutions. The formulae are specialised to the particularly interesting case of the resonant interaction of three waves, a well-known model which is of boomeronic type. For this equation a novel solution which describes three locked dark pulses (simulton) is introduced.
description: 24 pages, 10 figures, standard LaTeX2e, submitted for publication
Analysis of Arbovirus Isolates from Australia Identifies Novel Bunyaviruses Including a Mapputta Group Virus from Western Australia That Links Gan Gan and Maprik Viruses
Creators: name: Briese, Thomas
name: Williams, David T.
name: Kapoor, Vishal
name: Diviney, Sinead M.
name: Certoma, Andrea
name: Wang, Jianning
name: Johansen, Cheryl A.
name: Chowdhary, Rashmi
name: Mackenzie, John S.
name: Lipkin, W. Ian
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Bunyaviruses
Viral genomes
Mosquitoes as carriers of disease
Epidemiology

description: The Mapputta group comprises antigenically related viruses indigenous to Australia and Papua New Guinea that are included in the family Bunyaviridae but not currently assigned to a specific genus. We determined and analyzed the genome sequences of five Australian viruses isolated from mosquitoes collected during routine arbovirus surveillance in Western Australia (K10441, SW27571, K13190, and K42904) and New South Wales (12005). Based on matching sequences of all three genome segments to prototype MRM3630 of Trubanaman virus (TRUV), NB6057 of Gan Gan virus (GGV), and MK7532 of Maprik virus (MPKV), isolates K13190 and SW27571 were identified as TRUV, 12005 as GGV, and K42904 as a Mapputta group virus from Western Australia linking GGV and MPKV. The results confirmed serum neutralization data that had linked SW27571 to TRUV. The fifth virus, K10441 from Willare, was most closely related to Batai orthobunyavirus, presumably representing an Australian variant of the virus. Phylogenetic analysis also confirmed the close relationship of our TRUV and GGV isolates to two other recently described Australian viruses, Murrumbidgee virus and Salt Ash virus, respectively. Our findings indicate that TRUV has a wide circulation throughout the Australian continent, demonstrating for the first time its presence in Western Australia. Similarly, the presence of a virus related to GGV, which had been linked to human disease and previously known only from the Australian southeast, was demonstrated in Western Australia. Finally, a Batai virus isolate was identified in Western Australia. The expanding availability of genomic sequence for novel Australian bunyavirus variants supports the identification of suitably conserved or diverse primer-binding target regions to establish group-wide as well as virus-specific nucleic acid tests in support of specific diagnostic and surveillance efforts throughout Australasia.
title: Using acoustic telemetry to measure fine-scale movement and interactions of marine animals: implications for Marine Protected Areas
Creators: name: Ehrenberg, John E.
name: Steig, Tracey W.
name: Greene, Charles H.
name: Brosnan, Ian
Publisher: name: ASC 2014 - Theme session B
Year: 2023
Subjects: Technologies and data
Pressures, impacts, conservation, and management

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author. Proper management of Marine Protected Areas requires information about the movement, interactions and connectivity of marine animals. Marine acoustic telemetry has provided incomplete information about these behaviors due to the large positional errors and limits on the number of targets that can be tracked simultaneously. Based on a proven system designed for freshwater application, the architecture of the marine acoustic tag receiver system retains the functionality of the existing system including processing techniques that allow simultaneous tracking of multiple targets (up to 500 simultaneously) with high precision. The system can be used to discern fine-scale movement and resource selection by marine organisms.
Complex effects of inhibiting hepatic apolipoprotein B100 synthesis in humans
Creators: name: Soffer, Gissette
name: Moon, Byoung C.
name: Hernandez-Ono, Antonio
name: Dionizovik-Dimanovski, Marija
name: Jimenez, Jhonsua
name: Obunike, Joseph
name: Thomas, Tiffany
name: Karmally, Wahida
name: Ngai, Colleen I.
name: Donovan Jr, Daniel S.
name: Fontanez, Nelson
name: Ramakrishnan, Rajasekhar
name: Holleran, Stephen F.
name: Mittleman, Robert S.
name: Ginsberg, Henry N.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Low density lipoproteins
Apolipoproteins
Biosynthesis
Medicine

description: Mipomersen (Kynamro®) is an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) that inhibits apolipoprotein B (apoB) synthesis; its LDL lowering effects should, therefore, result from reduced secretion of VLDL. We enrolled 17 healthy volunteers who received placebo injections weekly for 3-wks followed by mipomersen weekly for 7-9 wks. Stable isotopes were used after each treatment to determine fractional catabolic rates (FCRs) and production rates (PRs) of apoB in VLDL, IDL, and LDL, and of TG in VLDL. Mipomersen significantly reduced apoB in VLDL, IDL, and LDL associated with increases in FCRs of VLDL and LDL apoB and reductions in PRs of IDL and LDL apoB. Unexpectedly, the PRs of VLDL apoB and VLDL TG were unaffected. siRNA knockdown of apoB expression in HepG2 cells demonstrated preservation of apoB secretion across a range of apoB synthesis. Titrated ASO knockdown of apoB mRNA in chow-fed mice showed preservation of both apoB and TG secretion. In contrast, titrated ASO knockdown of apoB mRNA in high fat fed mice resulted in stepwise reductions of both apoB and TG secretion. Mipomersen lowered all apoB-lipoproteins without reducing the PR of either VLDL apoB or TG. Our first-in-human data are consistent with longstanding models of post-transcriptional and post-translational regulation of apoB secretion, and are supported by experiments with siRNA in HepG2 cells and ASO in mice. These results indicate that targeting apoB synthesis can lower levels of apoB-lipoproteins without necessarily reducing VLDL secretion, thereby reducing the risk of steatosis associated with this therapeutic strategy.
Pullback of the Volume Form, Integrable Models in Higher Dimensions and Exotic Textures
Creators: name: Adam, C.
name: Klimas, P.
name: Sanchez-Guillen, J.
name: Wereszczynski, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A procedure allowing for the construction of Lorentz invariant integrable models living in d+1 dimensional space-time and with an n dimensional target space is provided. Here, integrability is understood as the existence of the generalized zero-curvature formulation and infinitely many conserved quantities. A close relation between the Lagrange density of the integrable models and the pullback of the pertinent volume form on target space is established. Moreover, we show that the conserved currents are Noether currents generated by the volume preserving diffeomorphisms. Further, we show how such models may emerge via abelian projection of some gauge theories. Then we apply this framework to the construction of integrable models with exotic textures. Particularly, we consider integrable models providing exact suspended Hopf maps i.e., solitons with a nontrivial topological charge of pi_4(S^3). Finally, some families of integrable models with solitons of pi_n(S^n) type are constructed. Infinitely many exact solutions with arbitrary value of the topological index are found. In addition, we demonstrate that they saturate a Bogomolny bound.
description: 23 pages
The Analytic Continuation of the Lippmann-Schwinger Eigenfunctions, and Antiunitary Symmetries
Creators: name: de la Madrid, Rafael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the way to analytically continue the Lippmann-Schwinger bras and kets into the complex plane. We will see that a naive analytic continuation leads to nonsensical results in resonance theory, and we will explain how the non-obvious but correct analytical continuation is done. We will see that the physical basis for the non-obvious but correct analytic continuation lies in the invariance of the Hamiltonian under anti-unitary symmetries such as time reversal or PT.
Spin-lattice relaxation in gaseous methane
Creators: name: Beckmann, Peter Adrian
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The spin-lattice relaxation time T₁ has been measured in gaseous CH₄ as a function of density at room temperature. The density region investigated is from 0.006 to 7.0 amagats and T₁ passes through a minimum near 0.04 amagats. The spin-rotation interaction is the dominant relaxation mechanism in gaseous CH₄. Since the spin-rotation constants are accurately known for CH₄, the results provide a check on the existing theory of spin-lattice relaxation for spherical top molecules. An interesting feature was the failure of commonly used theoretical expressions for the density dependence of T₁ to fit the experimental data. A reasonable explanation is that the centrifugal distortion of the CH₄ molecule is indirectly contributing to the spin-lattice relaxation.
Losses in coplanar waveguide resonators at millikelvin temperatures
Creators: name: Macha, P.
name: van der Ploeg, S. H. W.
name: Oelsner, G.
name: Il'ichev, E.
name: Meyer, H. -G.
name: Wuensch, S.
name: Siegel, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the loss rate for a set of lambda/2 coplanar waveguide resonators at millikelvin temperatures (20 mK - 900mK) and different applied powers (3E-19 W - 1E-12 W). The loss rate becomes power independent below a critical power. For a fixed power, the loss rate increases significantly with decreasing temperature. We show that this behavior can be caused by two-level systems in the surrounding dielectric materials. Interestingly, the influence of the two-level systems is of the same order of magnitude for the different material combinations. That leads to the assumption that the nature of these two-level systems is material independent.
description: 3 pages, 5 figures, Submitted to Applied Physics Letters
A control theory of the firm applied to Australian Manufacturing, 1964-1971.
Creators: name: Felmingham, B. S.
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: This thesis has three purposes: firstly, to define the economic conditions which account for the firm's growth, decline, diversification and maintenance of its existing size; secondly, to derive the optimal time-path(s) for the firm's size index (the capital stock of the firm) resulting from the operation of optimal managerial policies over a planning horizon of fixed and finite length; finally, to compare the econometric performance of the derived definition of the optimal capital stock with competing hypotheses relating to the optimal capital stock. The review of the literature in Chapter 2 shows that the problem has not been systematically treated in the existing corpus of the theory of the firm. A dynamical model suited to the requirements of the problem is formulated in Chapter 3. The firm is viewed as a control system in which the controllers (the firm's management) manipulate certain policy variables to achieve a particular criterion - the intertemporal maximisation of expected profitability over a planning horizon of fixed and finite length.
The Entropic Landscape
Creators: name: Bousso, Raphael
name: Harnik, Roni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We initiate a quantitative exploration of the entire landscape. Predictions thus far have focused on subsets of landscape vacua that share most properties with our own. Using the entropic principle (the assumption that entropy production traces the formation of complex structures such as observers), we derive six predictions that apply to the whole landscape. Typical observers find themselves in a flat universe, at the onset of vacuum domination, surrounded by a recently produced bath of relativistic quanta. These quanta are neither very dilute nor condensed, and thus appear as a roughly thermal background. Their characteristic wavelength is of order the inverse fourth root of the vacuum energy. These predictions hold for completely arbitrary observers, in arbitrary vacua with potentially exotic particle physics and cosmology. They agree with observation: We live in a flat universe at the onset of vacuum domination, whose dominant entropy production process (the glow of galactic dust) has recently produced a radiation bath (the cosmic infrared background). This radiation is marginally dilute, relativistic, and has a wavelength of order 100 microns, as predicted.
description: 40 pages and 3 figures, references added
title: Effects of marine protected areas, environmental conditions, and biological interactions on the abundance of echinoderms on Georges Bank
Creators: name: Rosellon-Druker, Judith
name: Stokesbury, Kevin D.E.
Publisher: name: ASC 2014 - Theme session B
Year: 2023
Subjects: Technologies and data
Pressures, impacts, conservation, and management

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author. To assess the effects of marine protected areas (MPAs) it is necessary to analyze the natural variability within marine populations. We used video survey techniques to estimate the abundance of echinoderms on Georges Bank from 2005 to 2012. We evaluated multiple environmental factors, closed and open areas to fishing and predator/prey abundance, that could affect or determine the distribution of echinoderms. The most important explanatory factors for brittle stars spp. abundance and distribution were depth (90-110m) and abundance of American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides), their main predator. Sand dollars spp. were mainly associated with closed areas (highest densities found inside Closed Area I and Nantucket Lightship Closed Area), unstable substrates, and abundance of haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) and ocean pout (Macrozoarces americanus), their main predators. Sea stars spp. appeared strongly related to closed areas (highest densities found in Nantucket Lightship Closed Area), stable sandy sediments, temperature (>15°C), and abundance of ocean pout. Sea urchins spp. were mainly associated with cobble and boulder stable sediments, temperature (10-15°C), and abundance of ocean pout. While MPAs appear to be a main driver for the distributions of sand dollars and sea stars, brittle stars and sea urchins seem to be confined to their preferred habitat conditions, regardless of fishing pressure.
Fair Use of Copyrighted Works: A Crucial Element in Educating America
Creators: name: Consortium For Educational Technology For University Systems
name: Consortium For Educational Technology For University Systems
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1995
Subjects: Intellectual property
Copyright

description: This pamphlet addresses three important points. First, higher education will benefit by the formation of a national alliance focused on fair use. Second, the effectiveness of higher education requires a thorough understanding of the fair-use doctrine. Finally, faculty, in particular, necessarily apply the fair-use doctrine as they perform their work.
MOMMI-MP: Database for Integrated Analysis of Metabolic and Microbiome Profiling of Mouse Pregnancy
Creators: name: Pachpor, Kaustubh Kishor
Publisher: name: University of Illinois Chicago
Year: 2025

description: Pregnancy is a dynamic state involving multiple metabolic changes. Insulin resistance during the later time periods is a normal physiologic response in pregnancy. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a form of diabetes that appears during pregnancy, develops if metabolic aberrations occur above the normal insulin resistance. Multi-omics is a powerful approach for uncovering the mechanisms driving metabolic change in different physiologic and pathologic states. A recent study demonstrated that the gestational gut microbiome mediates pregnancy metabolic adaptations through effects on gut indoleamine-2,3 dioxygenase 1 activity and kynurenine production. This study collected pregnancy-specific physiological and metabolic profiles, 16S rRNA microbiome, and plasma untargeted LC-MS metabolome data from 3 genetically diverse strains of mice (C57BL/6J, CD1, and NIH-Swiss) over 6-time points during the gestational (days 0, 10, 15, and 19 during gestation) and postpartum (days 3 and 20 after delivery) states, totaling 180 samples for each strain. To facilitate the utilisation of these data by other researchers, we developed MOMMI-MP, a database that provides an easy-to-use platform to browse and search differential abundant microbial taxa, metabolites, metabolic pathways, predicted micro-metabolite interactions using an array of state-of-art statistical and machine learning models. The computational results are presented in various tables, plots, and organized in MOMMI-MP to empower exploratory analyses by other researchers. In conclusion, MOMMI-MP is a resource to facilitate the investigation of novel mechanisms governing metabolic changes during pregnancy.
Regional Cruise : Intensive Observational Period 2009, RIOP09, R/V Melville, 27 February-21 March 2009, Leg 2 [final] Report, Manila to Dumaguete, 9 March to 21 March 2009
Creators: name: Gordon, Arnold L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: The general objective of RIOP09, as with the previous regional cruises is to provide a view of the stratification and circulation of the Philippine seas under varied monsoon condition, as required to support of PhilEx DRI goals directed at ocean dynamics within straits.
title: Using elemental microchemistry, fatty acids content and capitulum shape to identify goose barnacle populations from MPAs
Creators: name: Albuquerque, Rui
name: Queiroga, Henrique
name: Correia, Catarina
name: Calado, Ricardo
name: Leandro, Sérgio
Publisher: name: ASC 2014 - Theme session B
Year: 2023
Subjects: Technologies and data
Pressures, impacts, conservation, and management

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author. The Berlengas Natural Reserve (BNR) is a Portuguese archipelago and MPA where the goose barnacle Pollicipes pollicipes is exploited. The species is the most heavily exploited intertidal biological resource in the Iberian Peninsula, resulting on overexploitation of stocks. In the BNR goose barnacle’s harvesting is strictly regulated however, making it a good example of marine resources management. Analytical methods able to identify the origin of goose barnacle would be an important tool to help the management of the trade. For such purpose, we investigated whether goose barnacles have site-specific differences based on its elemental microchemistry (EM), fatty acid content (FA) and capitulum shape (CS). The analysis was performed on specimens collected from 3 sites in the BNR and 7 along a 300 km stretch of the Portuguese coast. For each individual we analysed the largest lateral shell for EM using ICP-MS, the FA content of the muscle using GC-FID, and the CS using geometric morphometrics. Discriminant function analyses (DFA) for both EM and FA separately provided a high reclassification success (77.6% and 99% respectively, of crossvalidated cases correctly classified), while for EM combined with FA allowed for a 100% reclassification success. DFA analysis based only on CS, had a low classification success (29.6%). These results show that EM and FA signatures can be a powerful tool to infer goose barnacles origin, helping in establishing an origin certificate and incrementing the value of biological resources from Portuguese MPAs.
The design problems of high aperture triplet objectives
Creators: name: Edara, Krishna M
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: An investigation has been made of the roots of a certain cubic equation f(Yob) = 0, which arises in the theory of the type-111 triplet photographic objective. It has been shown that with the residuals and the parameter values such as might be used in the type 111 triplet, this equation gives three positive roots of which only one leads to a practical solution. It was shown that if certain parameters which enter into the coefficients of Yob in this cubic equation are given values much greater than is usual in a type 111 objective, a second root of the equation leads to a practical solution. In this way, a new region of triplet solution has been opened - up characterised by low powers for the components in the initial thin lens arrangement. It was expected that this region would provide a basis for the development of high aperture objectives. The general physical principles underlying the achievement of these high values of initial parameters has involved a careful study of the properties of thick meniscus shaped cemented triplet components of negative power. A procedure for the design of a type 131 objective, which is the simplest form of objective incorporating these principles, has been developed and is described with numerical examples. A study of more complex objectives is needed to exploit the principles which have been opened up in this work. The time available for the investigation has not permitted the study of type 133 and other objectives from this point of view.
Kahler-Ricci flow on stable Fano manifolds
Creators: name: Tosatti, Valentino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C44; 32Q20; 32Q15

description: We study the Kahler-Ricci flow on Fano manifolds. We show that if the curvature is bounded along the flow and if the manifold is K-polystable and asymptotically Chow semistable, then the flow converges exponentially fast to a Kahler-Einstein metric.
description: 19 pages
Feedback through multiple outbursts in the cluster 2A 0335+096
Creators: name: Sanders, J. S.
name: Fabian, A. C.
name: Taylor, G. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the core of the X-ray bright galaxy cluster 2A 0335+096 using deep Chandra X-ray imaging and spatially-resolved spectroscopy, and include new radio observations. The set of around eight X-ray bright blobs in the core of the cluster, appearing like eggs in a bird's nest, contains multiphase gas from ~0.5 to 2 keV. The morphology of the coolest X-ray emitting gas at 0.5 keV temperature is similar to the Halpha emitting nebula known in this cluster, which surrounds the central galaxy. XMM-Newton grating spectra confirm the presence of material at these temperatures, showing excellent agreement with Chandra emission measures. On scales of 80 to 250 kpc there is a low temperature, high metallicity, swirl of intracluster medium as seen in other clusters. In the core we find evidence for a further three X-ray cavities, in addition to the two previously discovered. Enhancements in 1.5 GHz radio emission are correlated with the X-ray cavities. The total 4PV enthalpy associated with the cavities is around 5x10^59 erg. This energy would be enough to heat the cooling region for ~5x10^7 yr. We find a maximum pressure discontinuity of 26 per cent (2 sigma) across the surface brightness edge to the south-west of the cluster core. This corresponds to an upper limit on the Mach number of the cool core with respect to its surroundings of 0.55.
description: 11 pages, 16 figures, accepted by MNRAS
High altitude studies of ionizing radiation.
Creators: name: Edwards, PJ
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: This thesis is primarily concerned with investigations of ionizing radiation in the atmosphere using balloon borne instruments. A programme of cosmic ray flights from Hobart was begun in 1959 under the direction of Dr. A.G.Fenton of the University Physics Department. I participated in the design, development, construction and successful flight of single geiger counter balloon sondes in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science with honours which I received in 1960.
Contributions to ionospheric physics and radio astronomy
Creators: name: Ellis, Graeme Reade Anthony
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: The first chapter in the thesis is concerned with the propagation of electromagnetic waves in the ionosphere and in particular with the explanation of magneto-ionic effects observed by echo sounding. The papers on triple splitting, on gyro echoes and on the trapping of cosmic noise give, it is believed, the first satisfactory accounts of these phenomena. In the second chapter the observation and theory of natural electromagnetic radiation propagated in the terrestrial magnetosphere is discussed. Included in this group of papers is one on whistling atmospherics in which the existence and the properties of nose whistlers were predicted Another gives the first proposal that the natural very low frequency radiations may be caused by Cerenkov radiation from fast electrons in the magnetosphere. The remainder describe new techniques for observing the radiation and consequent studies of its geographical distribution radiation and relation to geomagnetic storms. The papers in Chapter three all explore the properties of the cosmic radio emissions in the frequency band between one and ten megacycles /second. They derive from the first observations in this band which were made by the author in association with G. Reber. The observation and the theory of the intensity spectrum are discussed and new information on the brightness distribution of the southern sky is given. Pronounced effects caused by absorption of the radiation with the galaxy have been noted. It is expected that in the futfre these will lead to the detailed study of the distribution of tenuous ionised hydrogen in the galaxy. The final Chapter describes observations of the decametric radio emissions of Jupiter made incidentally during the investigations discussed in Chapter three. These observations were at a lower wave frequency than any made previously and were simpler to interpret. They led to a detailed theory of the radiations which is given in this chapter. All of these papers are original. Where the investigations they describe were made jointly with another person or persons the order of the authors indicates the relative contribution made by each. None of this work has been submitted previously for the purposes of the Degree of Doctor of Science.
Supernova 2007bi as a pair-instability explosion
Creators: name: Gal-Yam, A.
name: Mazzali, P.
name: Ofek, E. O.
name: Nugent, P. E.
name: Kulkarni, S. R.
name: Kasliwal, M. M.
name: Quimby, R. M.
name: Filippenko, A. V.
name: Cenko, S. B.
name: Chornock, R.
name: Waldman, R.
name: Kasen, D.
name: Sullivan, M.
name: Beshore, E. C.
name: Drake, A. J.
name: Thomas, R. C.
name: Bloom, J. S.
name: Poznanski, D.
name: Miller, A. A.
name: Foley, R. J.
name: Silverman, J. M.
name: Arcavi, I.
name: Ellis, R. S.
name: Deng, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stars with initial masses 10 M_{solar} < M_{initial} < 100 M_{solar} fuse progressively heavier elements in their centres, up to inert iron. The core then gravitationally collapses to a neutron star or a black hole, leading to an explosion -- an iron-core-collapse supernova (SN). In contrast, extremely massive stars (M_{initial} > 140 M_{solar}), if such exist, have oxygen cores which exceed M_{core} = 50 M_{solar}. There, high temperatures are reached at relatively low densities. Conversion of energetic, pressure-supporting photons into electron-positron pairs occurs prior to oxygen ignition, and leads to a violent contraction that triggers a catastrophic nuclear explosion. Tremendous energies (>~ 10^{52} erg) are released, completely unbinding the star in a pair-instability SN (PISN), with no compact remnant. Transitional objects with 100 M_{solar} < M_{initial} < 140 M_{solar}, which end up as iron-core-collapse supernovae following violent mass ejections, perhaps due to short instances of the pair instability, may have been identified. However, genuine PISNe, perhaps common in the early Universe, have not been observed to date. Here, we present our discovery of SN 2007bi, a luminous, slowly evolving supernova located within a dwarf galaxy (~1% the size of the Milky Way). We measure the exploding core mass to be likely ~100 M_{solar}, in which case theory unambiguously predicts a PISN outcome. We show that >3 M_{solar} of radioactive 56Ni were synthesized, and that our observations are well fit by PISN models. A PISN explosion in the local Universe indicates that nearby dwarf galaxies probably host extremely massive stars, above the apparent Galactic limit, perhaps resulting from star formation processes similar to those that created the first stars in the Universe.
description: Accepted version of the paper appearing in Nature, 462, 624 (2009), including all supplementary information
title: Fisheries management measures in an MPA: socioeconomic impact assessment and governance issues in the case of the German small scale gillnet fisheries around the island of Fehmarn in the Baltic Sea
Creators: name: Goti, Leyre
Publisher: name: ASC 2014 - Theme session B
Year: 2023
Subjects: Technologies and data
Pressures, impacts, conservation, and management

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author. To study whether the high level (Europe wide) point of view on fisheries policy objectives can be useful to shed light not only on the objectives discussion but also on the problem of micro-management a further step is taken by performing consultations with several actors around the German fisheries. Ecological, economic and social objectives developed inside the project SOCIOEC (Socioeconomic effects of the future CFP) are presented to fishermen, fishermen representatives, manager and environmental representatives in an attempt to fine tune them and make them suitable to serve as benchmarks for an impact analysis of current and future management measures.
Electron Temperatures of Planetary Nebulae Determined from the He I Discontinuities
Creators: name: Zhang, Y.
name: Yuan, H. -B.
name: Hua, C. -T.
name: Liu, X. -W.
name: Nakashima, J.
name: Kwok, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have used the He I discontinuities at 3421A to determine the electron temperatures, designated Te(He I), for a sample of five Galactic planetary nebulae (PNe). We compared Te(He I) with the electron temperatures derived from the hydrogen Balmer jump at 3646A, designated Te(H I), and found that Te(He I) are generally lower than Te(H I). There are two possible interpretations, a) the presence of substantial He+2 zone, or b) the presence of hydrogen-deficient cold clumps within diffuse nebulae. A series of photoionization models were constructed to test the two scenarios. We found that the observed Te(He I)/Te(H I) discrepancies are beyond the predictions of chemically homogeneous models. Our modelling shows that the presence of a small amount of hydrogen-deficient inclusions seems to be able to reproduce the observed intensities of He I discontinuities. We stress the value of He I discontinuities in investigating nebular physical conditions. Albeit with some observational and technical limitations, He I discontinuities should be considered in future modelling work.
description: 19 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Asymptotically free scalar curvature-ghost coupling in Quantum Einstein Gravity
Creators: name: Eichhorn, Astrid
name: Gies, Holger
name: Scherer, Michael M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the asymptotic-safety scenario for quantum gravity which constructs a non-perturbatively renormalisable quantum gravity theory with the help of the functional renormalisation group. We verify the existence of a non-Gaussian fixed point and include a running curvature-ghost coupling as a first step towards the flow of the ghost sector of the theory. We find that the scalar curvature-ghost coupling is asymptotically free and RG relevant in the ultraviolet. Most importantly, the property of asymptotic safety discovered so far within the Einstein-Hilbert truncation and beyond remains stable under the inclusion of the ghost flow.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, RevTeX
The effect of pressure gradients on luminosity distance - redshift relations
Creators: name: Lasky, Paul D.
name: Bolejko, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inhomogeneous cosmological models have had significant success in explaining cosmological observations without the need for dark energy. Generally, these models imply inhomogeneous matter distributions alter the observable relations that are taken for granted when assuming the Universe evolves according to the standard Friedmann equations. Moreover, it has recently been shown that both inhomogeneous matter and pressure distributions are required in both early and late stages of cosmological evolution. These associated pressure gradients are required in the early Universe to sufficiently describe void formation, whilst late-stage pressure gradients stop the appearance of anomalous singularities. In this paper we investigate the effect of pressure gradients on cosmological observations by deriving the luminosity distance - redshift relations in spherically symmetric, inhomogeneous spacetimes endowed with a perfect fluid. By applying this to a specific example for the energy density distribution and using various equations of state, we are able to explicitly show that pressure gradients may have a non-negligble effect on cosmological observations. In particular, we show that a non-zero pressure gradient can imply significantly different residual Hubble diagrams for $z\lesssim1$ compared to when the pressure is ignored. This paper therefore highlights the need to properly consider pressure gradients when interpreting cosmological observations.
description: Accepted for publication in Classical and Quantum Gravity
Electron paramagnetic resonance study of cytochrome C solutions and single crystals
Creators: name: Mailer, Colin
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signals from tuna ferricytochrome c solutions were obtained between 4.2°K and 77°K, with g-values g(1) = 1.25, g(2) = 2.25, g(3) = 3.05« The g(3) line is 380 gauss wide between 4.2°K and 50°K with Gaussian shape, but has become 700 gauss wide with Lorentzian shape at 77°K. The temperature independent shape and width are best explained by a distribution of rhombic crystal field potentials (r.m.s. deviation = 11%). The Lorentzian shape arises from a short (10(-8) sec.) spin-lattice relaxation time. EPR spectra from horse heart ferricytochrome c single crystals were analysed to obtain the orientation of the g-axes relative to the crystallographic axes. The g(3)-axis was 76° from the crystal c-axis, close to the heme normal (71.5° to c-axis) determined from the 3-dimensional X-ray structure by Dickerson. The other 2 g-axes lay approximately along the N-Fe-N directions in the heme ring. An amended version of Eisenberger and Pershan's theory was used to explain the angular variation of the broad lines (300-2000 gauss) seen in the crystals—best fit was obtained with the distribution of ligand fields from the solution study plus a 1.5° variation in g-axis orientation. The undifferentiated absorption line shapes observed at 4.2°K in both solutions and single crystals were explained by the Portis theory of rapid adiabatic passage in solids. This theory was tested with a model system of charred dextrose, and found to be valid. Using the theory the relaxation time (τ) of the cytochrome c system was found to be, from the phase lag of the EPR signal relative to the magnetic field modulation, 3.8 x 10(-6) sec. at 4.2°K. τ was obtained between 4.2°K and 18°K from the rapid passage signals, and between 50°K and 70°K from the linewidth of the spectra. The temperature dependence of τ below 20°K could arise from a combination of a T(9) Raman spin-lattice relaxation process with a temperature independent spin-spin relaxation time of order 10(-8) seconds (which might arise from dipolar interactions between neighboring iron atoms).
Optical and digital methods for the analysis of microscopic tissue sections
Creators: name: Eastgate, A R
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: This thesis presents optical and computerbased methods for the analysis of microscope specimens that are in the form of thin sections that have been mounted on standard glass slides. Three methods are discussed whereby image and photometric information can be obtained - television scanning, microphotometric scanning and micro-spectrophotometry. The limitations of these methods are analysed and some representative results are given. The thresholding of digital image data with the assistance of neighbourhood operators is examined, with particular reference to the Laplacian and Gradient operators. A method for the statistical analysis of tissue-section textures is presented and is shown to be applicable the discrimination of two pathological classes of human prostate tissue. The effectiveness of the method is evaluated by the use of a computed Mahalanobis distance for the various statistics used.
title: A benign technique for mapping coral distribution in the closed areas of the Rockall Plateau
Creators: name: McIntyre, Fiona
name: González-Irusta, José Manuel
name: Neat, Francis
name: Fernandes, Paul G.
Publisher: name: ASC 2014 - Theme session B
Year: 2023
Subjects: Technologies and data
Pressures, impacts, conservation, and management

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author. Cold-water corals (Lophelia spp.) occur throughout the north east Atlantic and have been identified in bottom trawl records occurring in abundant patches on the Rockall Plateau. As a result, several large areas have been closed to bottom trawling to protect this habitat. However, our understanding of the distribution of deep-water coral remains poor. A non-destructive visual survey method using a deep towed camera system was deployed to collect data on the occurrence of Lophelia spp. around the closed areas at Rockall. The species distribution model (SDM) Random Forest was used to predict the potential spatial distribution of Lophelia spp. and infer the environmental requirements of the species. The model used coral presence-absence data from the towed camera survey and the trawl record data. Performance was evaluated by partitioning the data into ‘training’ and ‘testing’ data. The model showed good performance based on Cohen’s Kappa and the area under the curve of the receiver operator characteristic curve. Depth, aspect, and slope were the most important environmental variables for predicting the presence of Lophelia spp. The predictive map suggests that potential Lophelia habitat occurs most abundantly along the west of the plateau in a depth range of 200 – 400 m.
Understanding light scalar meson by color-magnetic wavefunction in QCD sum rule
Creators: name: Pang, Yi
name: Yan, Mu-Lin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we study the $0^{+}$ nonet mesons as tetraquark states with interpolating currents induced from the color-magnetic wavefunction. This wavefunction is the eigenfunction of effective color-magnetic Hamiltonian with the lowest eigenvalue, meaning that the state depicted by this wavefunction is the most stable one and is most probable to be observed in experiments. Our approach can be recognized as determining interpolating currents dynamically. We perform an OPE calculation up to dimension eight condensates and find that the best QCD sum rule is achived when the current induced from the color-magnetic wavefunction is a proper mixture of the tensor and pseudoscalar diquark-antidiquark bound states. Compared with previous results, to sigma(600) and kappa(800), our results appear better, due to larger pole contribution. The direct instanton contribution are also considered, which yields a consistent result with previous OPE results. Finally, we also discuss the eta' problem as a possible six-quark state.
description: 23 pages, 23 figures, 6 tables, adding references and discussions about a future experiment of BES designed to figure out the main component of eta'
Supplementary Tables.doc
Creators: name: Yunhe Chang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary Table 1 Categories and zone diameter interpretive criteria of 16 antibiotics against S. aureus according to CLSI (2020).
title: Maerl beds in Galician Marine Protected Areas. How the scientific research can contribute to their management.
Creators: name: Peña, Viviana
name: Barreiro, Rodolfo
name: Bárbara, Ignacio
name: Cremades, Javier
name: Díaz, Pilar
name: Pardo, Cristina
name: López, Lúa
name: Carro, Belén
name: Piñeiro, Cristina
name: Garcí, Verónica
Publisher: name: ASC 2014 - Theme session B
Year: 2023
Subjects: Technologies and data
Pressures, impacts, conservation, and management

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author. Since 2003, the BioCost research group has investigated the Atlantic Iberian maerl beds. This presentation summarizes the main scientific advances made on different subjects with a focus on results that might improve the management of the maerl beds located in Galician Marine Protected Areas. In addition, new maerl areas are proposed to be included in further conservation actions based on their ecological relevance within the Galician rías.
Can cosmic acceleration be caused by exotic massless particles?
Creators: name: Stichel, P. C.
name: Zakrzewski, W. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To describe dark energy we introduce a fluid model with no free parameter on the microscopic level. The constituents of this fluid are massless particles which are a dynamical realisation of the unextended $D=(3+1)$ Galilei algebra. These particles are exotic as they live in an enlarged phase space. Their only interaction is with gravity. A minimal coupling to the gravitational field, satisfying Einstein's equivalence principle, leads to a dynamically active gravitational mass density of either sign. A two-component model containing matter (baryonic and dark) and dark energy leads, through the cosmological principle, to Friedmann-like equations. Their solutions show a deceleration phase for the early universe and an acceleration phase for the late universe. We predict the Hubble parameter $H(z)/H_0$ and the deceleration parameter $q(z)$ and compare them with available experimental data. We also discuss a reduced model (one component dark sector) and the inclusion of radiation. Our model shows no stationary modification of Newton's gravitational potential.
Supplemental Material for Sin, Lu, and Edwards, 2020
Creators: name: Sin, SImon Yung Wa
name: Lu, Lily
name: Edwards, Scott
Publisher: name: GSA Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 60408 Genomics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplemental Material for the paper “De Novo Assembly of the Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) Genome Reveals Candidate Regulatory Regions for Sexually Dichromatic Red Plumage Coloration”.
The origin of mineralisation in South Heemskirk granite, Western Tasmania, Australia
Creators: name: Hajitaheri, J
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: The Heemskirk Granite intruded Precambrian and Cambrian rocks in western Tasmania in the Devonian. It congists of red and white granite types with the texture in both granite types ranging from porphyritic to equigranular. The white granite underlies and intrudes into the red types. The two types are similar mineralogically and chemically and, apart from the colour difference, the white has more miarolitic cavities, more alteration and a higher tourmaline content than the red granite. The red granite consists of shallow-dipping layers, each of which intruded and chilled against an upper preexisting layer. The layering in the white granite is only localised and the grainsize gradually increases away from the contact with the red granite. The combined thickness of the red layers is about 300m while the white granite is at least 500m thick. It is postulated that the Heemskirk Granite grew by intrusion of sheets into space formed by subsidence within a cauldron-type structure. The granite mainly consists of quartz, feldspar and biotite. Hornblende is only present locally in porphyritic red granite. It is pervasively altered with at least three generations of albite and biotite and two generations of quartz and chlorite. Biotite compositional differences between the two granite types may result from reequilibration of biotite to lower temperatures in the white granite.