Macronemus waxrasapa Perger & Santos-Silva 2018, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Perger, Robert
name: Santos-Silva, Antonio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cerambycidae
Macronemus
Macronemus waxrasapa

description: Macronemus waxrasapa sp. nov.   
(Figs 1–2)  
 Description. Holotype male. Integument dark reddish-brown on the pronotum and basal half of the elytra to lighter brown on the legs, antennae, and apical half of the elytra; mouthparts reddish-brown, maxillary palpi yellowish-brown; scape mostly dark brown with dark reddish-brown areas interspersed; pedicel dark brown dorsally, yellowish-brown ventrally; antennomere III dark brown on wide central area, yellowish-brown on basal and distal area; remaining antennomeres yellowish-brown; central area of metaventrite and abdominal ventrites dark brown; elytra mostly reddish-brown on posterior quarter; femora dark brown with irregular yellowish-brown and reddish-brown areas interspersed; tibiae yellowish-brown with incomplete dark brown ring about midlength of protibiae and before midlength on meso-and metatibiae, and dark brown distal third (more dark reddish-brown ventrally); tarsi dark brown.   
 Head. Frons moderately finely, sparsely punctate; with dense yellowish-brown pubescence obscuring integument (less so centrally close to clypeus and toward antennal tubercles), except two small, subcircular white pubescent spots centrally between eyes. Vertex with sculpturing as on frons, except smooth central area between antennal tubercles; with dense yellowish-brown pubescence obscuring integument, except glabrous smooth central area between antennal tubercles and upper eye lobes. Antennal tubercles elevated; apex projected, with blunt apex; finely, sparsely punctate (punctures finer than on frons); with yellowish-brown pubescence obscuring integument frontally and longitudinally centrally, sparser on remaining surface. Area behind eyes with dense yellowish-brown pubescence obscuring integument, except glabrous area close to prothorax from about midlength of lower eye lobe (this area widened toward ventral side). Genae finely, transversely striate, especially toward dorsal side; with sparse yellowish-brown pubescence except glabrous area close to lower eye lobe and apex. Postclypeus with sparse yellowish-brown pubescence on wide central area, glabrous laterally. Labrum coplanar with anteclypeus on narrow posterior area, inclined on remaining surface; glabrous on narrow posterior area; with transverse band with minute, sparse yellowish-white pubescence on beginning of inclined area, interspersed with long, erect yellowish setae, slightly denser laterally; with slightly conspicuous yellowish-brown pubescence on sides on inclined area, glabrous on remaining surface; with fringe of yellowish pubescence on anterior margin. Gulamentum smooth except minute, sparse punctures on anterior area; glabrous. Distance between upper eye lobes 0.23 times length of scape; in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 0.63 times length of scape. Antennae 7.6 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex near apex of antennomere IV; scape with yellowish-white pubescence interspersed with irregular, nearly glabrous areas; pedicel nearly glabrous on basal area, with dense yellowish-white pubescence on remaining surface (sparser ventrally); antennomere III with sparse yellowish-white pubescence on dark area, denser on light areas; remaining antennomeres nearly glabrous except narrow distal ring with white pubescence; antennal formula based on length of antennomere III: scape = 0.42; pedicel = 0.11; IV = 1.31; V = 1.35; VI = 1.36; VII = 1.47; VIII = 1.68; IX = 1.87; X = 2.07; XI = 2.70.   
 Thorax. Prothorax 1.55 times wider than long (including lateral tubercles); lateral tubercle with blunt apex, not inclined upward. Pronotum with two rows of coarse punctures anteriorly and posteriorly, with sparse, coarse punctures between central tubercles; with elongate, slightly elevated tubercle centrally, from posterior constriction to level of anterior area of lateral tubercles; posterior constriction well-marked, centrally slightly longitudinally carinate; with oblique, small black pubescent macula close to anterolateral area of each lateral tubercle, and another black pubescent macula, transverse, large, irregular, placed behind each lateral tubercle; with large, irregular golden-brown pubescent macula in front each lateral tubercle, not reaching anterior margin, and oblique, moderately narrow golden pubescent band from posterior black pubescent macula to anterior area of lateral tubercles of prothorax; with golden-brown pubescence surrounding each puncture between lateral tubercles; remaining surface with yellowish-white (more whitish on some areas) pubescence not obscuring integument; with one long, erect, yellowish-brown seta on each lateral tubercle of prothorax. Sides of prothorax with row of coarse punctures posteriorly; with yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument, more yellowish-white on some areas. Prosternum impunctate; with minute, sparse yellowish-white setae. Narrowest area of prosternal process about as wide as 1/6 of procoxal cavity; apex centrally emarginate. Ventral side of mesothorax with minute, sparse yellowish-white setae. Widest area of mesoventral process slightly narrower than mesocoxal cavity; apex widely, deeply emarginate. Metanepisternum and metaventrite with golden-brown pubescence not obscuring integument, slightly denser on anterior area of metanepisternum. Scutellum with distal area tumid on each side; with yellowishwhite pubescence centrally, not obscuring integument, more golden near apex, nearly glabrous on remaining surface.   
 Elytra. Anterocentral carina moderately elevated, with row of tubercles dorsally (large, conical anteriorly, gradually smaller, rounded toward apex of row); with well-marked carina starting at humerus, oblique at about anterior third, concave along central third, then abruptly convex at posterior third (not reaching apex), with small, conical tubercles dorsally, sparser, less conspicuous on posterior third; humeral carina well-marked from humerus to about posterior fifth of elytra; area between humeral carina and concave area of inner carina distinctly depressed, with irregular, conical tubercles near and on humeral carina; base of posterior third irregularly rugose; remaining surface moderately coarsely, aligned punctate, distinctly sparser, nearly inconspicuous on posterior third; apex narrowly rounded; pubescence on elytra as follows: circum-scutellar area with golden-brown pubescence, denser shortly behind scutellar apex; wide, longitudinal dark yellowish-brown pubescent band, from near base to about posterior sixth, between anterolateral carina and suture; with transverse, sinuous golden-brown pubescent band near base of dark yellowish-brown pubescent band; with longitudinal, slightly conspicuous golden-brown pubescent bands on dark yellowish-brown pubescent band (the one close to suture more conspicuous); with two transverse, sinuous, narrow white pubescent bands near apex of dark yellowish-brown pubescent band, the anterior one longer, nearly reaching humeral carina; with small black pubescent macula between white pubescent bands, and another close to posterior white pubescent band; with short golden-brown pubescent band close to epipleura on humeral area; humeral area and sides of anterior quarter with minute, sparse whitish pubescence; with two narrow, oblique, white pubescent bands anteriorly, between anterolateral carina and humerus; with small, irregular, black pubescent spot laterally at about midlength; remaining surface with yellowish-brown pubescence, denser from basal third except close to apex of dark yellowish-brown pubescent band with sparser pubescence, and area near of apex with white pubescence interspersed. Legs. Femora with yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument, with yellowish-white pubescence interspersed, glabrous or nearly glabrous on some areas. Tibiae with yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument, except golden pubescence on dorsal sulcus of mesotibiae. Tarsi with white pubescence dorsally, not obscuring integument.   
 Abdomen. Ventrites with golden-brown pubescence centrally, not obscuring integument; sides with sparse yellowish-white pubescence (forming some irregular spots with denser pubescence). Apex of ventrite V with large, rounded central projection.   
 Dimensions (holotype male). Total length, 8.60; prothoracic length, 1.70; posterior prothoracic width, 2.10; anterior prothoracic width, 2.15; maximum prothoracic width (between apices of lateral tubercles), 2.75; humeral width, 3.55; elytral length, 6.00.   
 Type material. Holotype male from BOLIVIA, La Paz department, Nor Yungas Province, 10 km N.E. of Coroico (Bolivian Yungas forest; 16°06’40”S / 67°44’45”W; 1340 m a.s.l.), I. 2018, beating tray, R. Perger col. (MZSP).   
 Etymology. The specific epithet, waxrasapa, means “the one that bears long horns” in Aymara, a language spoken by the Aymara people of the Bolivian and Peruvian Andes.   
 Remarks. Macronemus waxrasapa sp. nov. is separated from all congeners by the dark brown pubescent area extending to the distal third of the elytra. In all other species except of M. analis, this area is restricted to the anterior half of the elytra.   
 Among the known species of Macronemus, M. waxrasapa sp. nov. is most similar to M. analis (Pascoe, 1866), but can be distinguished by the character states shown in Table 1.   
 Geographic and ecological distribution. Macronemus waxrasapa sp. nov. has been collected so far only in the area of Bolivian Yungas forest in La Paz department (Fig. 1A–C). The mean annual rainfall in this mountainous area amounts to 1,500 to 2,200 mm with a mean annual temperature of 20°C (Molina-Carpio 2005, data from the close by Huarinilla valley). According to the biogeographical regionalization by Navarro & Ferreira (2011), the ecosystem in the study area is considered as submontane seasonal evergreen Yungas forest (Fig. 1B). Tree indicator species for this ecosystem are Saurauia peruviana Buscalioni (Actinidiaceae) and Juglans boliviana (C.DC.) Dode 1909 (Juglandaceae) (Navarro & Ferreira 2011).   
 Remarks. The beating tray sampling in a transect of 300 m and with an effort of six hours during two days revealed 12 long-horned beetle species. Three of these species (25%), including Macronemus waxrasapa sp. nov., were unknown to science, indicating the poor knowledge of the long-horned beetle fauna of this ecoregion and the high potential for the discovery of unknown taxa.
description: Published as part of Perger, Robert & Santos-Silva, Antonio, 2018, A true long horn-a new species of Macronemus Dejean, 1835 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Acanthoderini) from the Bolivian Andes, pp. 375-380 in Zootaxa 4471 (2) on pages 376-379, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4471.2.10, http://zenodo.org/record/1439620