cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
iDSI Network Analysis Supplement
Creators: name: Shearer, Jessica
name: Adams, Sarah
name: Gleed, Greg
name: Wallach, Stefanie
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2019

description: As part of iDSI’s MEL strategy, baseline and endline social network and network health surveys were implemented to measure changes in the iDSI global network in terms of who is in the network, how relationships have shifted over time, how the network structure has changed over time, and the contribution of iDSI activities to these changes.
Why is it important to evaluate iDSI’s global network? iDSI was established as a global network to leverage the comparative advantages and diverse expertise of organisations and individuals around the world to collaboratively address and make progress on complex issues related to priority setting for health. This is exactly how networks should be used; or how complex global issues ought to be solved.
However, too often global ‘networks’ are established without careful monitoring and evaluation (M&E) that could optimise their results. Not only should we track the outputs and outcomes of networks, we should identify ways to leverage the network, for example through optimising the composition of actors and their expertise, or by building networks that are better structured to achieve objectives such as knowledge exchange or innovation.
While routine M&E can help track certain network-specific indicators (e.g. the geographical representation of network actors), social network analysis (SNA) provides a full mapping of the network and measures its structure and how it is changing over time. The insights SNA provides enables iDSI and its partners to more specifically intervene on the actual network structure and consider how to directly shape the network’s structure to optimise impact.
DESIGN AND SUSTAINABILITY ANALYSIS OF OYSTER AQUACULTURE IN MARYLAND
Creators: name: Williamson, Timothy Robert
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Environmental science
subject: Emergy Synthesis
subject: Environmental Accounting
subject: Environmental Sustainability
subject: Natural Water Treatment
subject: Oyster Aquaculture

description: As the oyster aquaculture industry begins to develop in Chesapeake Bay, the design of sustainable operations becomes paramount. The design of a novel salty indoor recirculating aquaculture system was explored by testing the efficacy of algal turf scrubbers, sphagnum moss, and ultraviolet radiation in reducing nitrogen, phosphorus and coliform indicator organisms, while maintaining superior taste. Additionally, the environmental sustainability of outdoor oyster aquaculture operations was evaluated using emergy synthesis.
Strawberry and cranberry response to growth regulators and fertilizers
Creators: name: McArthur, David Albert James
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The growth and yield response of strawberry (Fragaria X annassa Duch.) and cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait) to various growth inhibitors, but especially to paclobutrazol (PP333), and fertilizers were investigated in glasshouse and field studies. PP333 decreased vegetative growth in a rate-dependent manner in both strawberry and cranberry. PP333 delayed fruit ripening in strawberry and decreased fruit set and fruit size in cranberry. PP333 decreased pollen germination of strawberry. Soil residues of PP333 were biologically active when measured 11 weeks after application in the strawberry study and when measured after 50 weeks in a cranberry study. In a field study with cranberry, PP333 caused a decrease in vegetative growth and an increase in flowering in the next season after treatment. Two-dimensional partitioning was used to account for yield variation from treatment effects on adjusted yield variates. The truss number was the most important contributor to yield variation in the strawberry, but was not affected by treatments. PP333 made a substantial contribution to yield variation in strawberry through its effect on fruit development and ripening. In the cranberry, fruit set was the major contributor to yield variation and PP333 influenced yield substantially through its effect on fruit set. In glasshouse studies, PP333 decreased shoot elongation in cranberry within 3 weeks of application, and increased the number of branches on primary shoots. Buds were formed within 7 weeks of treatment and some of the buds contained flowers. Shoot growth was greater with a high rate of NPK fertilizer than with the low fertilizer rate and was greater in peaty soil than in sandy soil. While bud set was not modified by soil type or fertilizer rate, high NPK fertilizer decreased floral induction. Some effects of PP333 treatment were decreased by gibberellic acid, but generally these effects here not reversed. In a field study with the cranberry, PP333 increased flower bud set for flowering and non-flowering uprights but slightly decreased floral induction for non-flowering uprights.
Ceramides improve accuracy in prediction of preclinical atherosclerosis
Creators: name: Mishra, Pashupati
name: Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka
name: Kähönen, Mika
name: Raitakari, Olli
name: Laaksonen, Reijo
name: Lehtimäki, Terho
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018

description: Background: Ceramides are known to predict clinical cardiovascular diseases, but their role in prediction of subclinical atherosclerosis is unknown.

Subjects and methods: We investigated significance of plasma ceramides using LC-MS/MS technique in prediction of subclinical atherosclerosis assessed by carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in Young Finns Study cohort in 2007 (number:2197, age:30-45 years, women:45%). Statistical analysis was done with dichotomized cIMT data (cases: value ³ 90th percentile vs. controls: value <90th percentile). We focused on: i) risk ceramides- Cer(d18:1/16:0), Cer(d18:1/18:0), Cer(d18:1/24:1) and their ratios with protective ceramide - Cer(d18:1/24:0), and ii) Coronary Event Risk Test (CERT) score derived from these individual ceramides and their ratios. Reference predictive model with major traditional risk factors and two test predictive models with the ceramides or CERT scores added to the reference model were built. Risk factors were selected with bootstrap backward-stepwise algorithm. Model fitting and validation was done for 1000 bootstraps of the original data by: i) fitting models to training data (70% data), ii) testing the models on test data (30% data), and iii) calculate accuracy measure (ROC AUC).

Results: Our results suggest moderate (reference AUC 0.762, 95% CI [0.699, 0.822], ceramides test AUC 0.77, 95% CI [0.711, 0.826], CERT test AUC 0.769, 95%CI [0.707, 0.824]) but significant (reference vs ceramides t-test P-value: 7.91e-10, reference vs. CERT t-test P-value: 3.49e-07) added value of the ceramides in predictive model for subclinical atherosclerosis.

Conclusions: CERT and ceramide testing may help in predicting subclinical atherosclerosis for primary prevention more effectively than traditional risk factors alone.
Interference Studies Using Multidimensional Mapping of Cross-Reactive Sensors: Applications in Blood Monitoring of Clozapine
Creators: name: Chocron, Sheryl E.
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Engineering
subject: Biomedical engineering
subject: Biochemistry
subject: clozapine antipsychotic
subject: complex serum matrix
subject: cross-reactive sensors
subject: electrochemical sensing system
subject: interfering species
subject: therapeutic drug monitoring

description: Point-of-care sensors are used in clinical applications for diagnosing and monitoring health conditions. For example, a point-of-care sensor for therapeutic drug monitoring of the clozapine antipsychotic can reduce burdens from guidelines suggesting routine monitoring of this medication. However, when measuring chemical markers in complex fluids, there are challenges related to decreased sensor performance due to chemical interference. This work presents a methodology for identifying individual interfering species. A set of cross-reactive electrochemical sensors were developed, whose diversified responses provide a fingerprint-type pattern capable of differentiating various species. By mapping the multidimensional responses, patterns from complex solutions were discerned and matched to those of individual species. Applying this methodology to clozapine sensing in blood, a major source of chemical interference was identified. The understanding matrix components that cause interference can guide the design of reliable sensing systems and can be integrated with pattern recognition tools that can account for it.
Is graphene on Ru(0001) a nanomesh?
Creators: name: Brugger, Thomas
name: Günther, Sebastian
name: Wang, Bin
name: Dil, Hugo
name: Bocquet, Marie-Laure
name: Osterwalder, Jürg
name: Wintterlin, Joost
name: Greber, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electronic structure of a single layer graphene on Ru(0001) is compared with that of a single layer hexagonal boron nitride nanomesh on Ru(0001). Both are corrugated sp2 networks and display a pi-band gap at the K point of their 1 x 1 Brillouin zone. Graphene has a distinct Fermi surface which indicates that 0.1 electrons are transferred per 1 x 1 unit cell. Photoemission from adsorbed xenon identifies two distinct Xe 5p1/2 lines, separated by 240 meV, which reveals a corrugated electrostatic potential energy surface. These two Xe species are related to the topography of the system and have different desorption energies.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
Manipulating the spin texture in spin-orbit superlattice by terahertz radiation
Creators: name: Khomitsky, D. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spin texture in a gate-controlled superlattice with Rashba spin-orbit coupling is studied in the presence of external terahertz radiation causing the superlattice miniband transitions. It is shown that the local distribution of spin density can be flipped by tuning the radiation intensity, allowing the controlled coupling of spins and photons with different polarizations.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
A MODEL SYSTEM TO EVALUATE THE IMPACTS OF VEHICLE-RELATED TAXATION POLICIES ON HOUSEHOLD GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
Creators: name: LIU, YAN
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Transportation planning
subject: Environmental science
subject: Urban planning
subject: Discrete Choice Model
subject: Emission Reduction
subject: Greenhouse Gas
subject: Integrated Vehicle Ownership Model
subject: MOVES
subject: Taxation Policy

description: This thesis proposes a model system to forecast household-level greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs) from private transportation and to evaluate effects of car-related taxation schemes on vehicle emissions. The system contains four sub-models which specifically capture households' vehicle type and vintage, quantity, usage, and greenhouse gas emissions rates for different vehicle types. An integrated discrete-continuous vehicle ownership model is successfully implemented, while MOVES2014 (Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator 2014) is utilized. The model system has been applied to the Washington D.C. Metropolitan Area. The 2009 National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) with supplementary data from the Consumer Reports, the American Fact Finder and the 2009 State Motor Vehicle Registrations (SMVR) are used for estimations and predictions. Three tax schemes, vehicle ownership tax, purchase tax and fuel tax, have been proposed and their impacts on vehicle GHGEs reduction are predicted. The proposed model system can be extended to other regions, counties, states and nations.
Ground and Excited state masses of $Ω_c^0$, $Ω_{cc}^+$ and $Ω_{ccc}^{++}$ baryons
Creators: name: Oudichhya, Juhi
name: Gandhi, Keval
name: Rai, Ajay Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The masses of ground and excited states of $Ω_c^0$, $Ω_{cc}^+$ and $Ω_{ccc}^{++}$ baryons are calculated within the framework of Regge phenomenology. Here our attempt is to assign a possible spin-parity to these obtained masses. Our calculated masses in $(J,M^2)$ plane with both natural ($J^{P}$ = $1/2^{+}$, $3/2^{-}$, $5/2^{+}$, ....) and unnatural ($J^{P}$ = $3/2^{+}$, $5/2^{-}$, $7/2^{+}$, ....) spin-parities are in agreement with the experimental observations where available and reasonably close to other theoretical predictions. Further we fix the slope and intercept of each Regge line in $(n, M^2)$ plane and estimate the masses of higher excited states of these baryons. The obtained mass relations and the mass value predictions could provide an useful information in future experimental searches and the spin-parity assignment of these states.
description: 9 Pages, Accepted in Physical Review D
Angular anisotropy of the fusion-fission and quasifission fragments
Creators: name: Nasirov, A. K.
name: Muminov, A. I.
name: Utamuratov, R. K.
name: Fazio, G.
name: Giardina, G.
name: Hanappe, F.
name: Mandaglio, G.
name: Manganaro, M.
name: Scheid, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The anisotropy in the angular distribution of the fusion-fission and quasifission fragments for the $^{16}$O+$^{238}$U, $^{19}$F+$^{208}$Pb and $^{32}$S+$^{208}$Pb reactions is studied by analyzing the angular momentum distributions of the dinuclear system and compound nucleus which are formed after capture and complete fusion, respectively. The orientation angles of axial symmetry axes of colliding nuclei to the beam direction are taken into account for the calculation of the variance of the projection of the total spin onto the fission axis. It is shown that the deviation of the experimental angular anisotropy from the statistical model picture is connected with the contribution of the quasifission fragments which is dominant in the $^{32}$S+$^{208}$Pb reaction. Enhancement of anisotropy at low energies in the $^{16}$O+$^{238}$U reaction is connected with quasifission of the dinuclear system having low temperature and effective moment of inertia.
description: 17 pages 8 figures. Submitted to Euro. Phys. Jour. A
title: Movies on the Move:
title: Transnational Video Film Flows and the Emergence of Local Video Film Industries in East Africa
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Künzler, Daniel
Publisher: name: Stichproben. Vienna Journal of African Studies
Year: 2019

description: In this article, I systematically look at transnational video film flows and the emergence of local video film industries in key hubs for the physical distribution of video films in major cities of Kiswahili-speaking East Africa.1 There is evidence of decentralized processes of homogenization: pirated Hollywood films, and, to varying degrees, films from Hong Kong, Bollywood and Nollywood were available in all hubs,2 although they especially dominate the smaller markets. In addition to this homogenous flow, in Nairobi, Dar es Salaam and Kampala, there are also processes adding heterogenity to the markets: oral translations and emerging new video film industries inspired by the Nollywood business model (Riverwood, Bongowood, Ugawood).3 In the late 2000s, this caused a decline in the popularity of Nollywood video films on these markets. After a short boom, these new industries themselves suffered from the prevailing media piracy and from the growing popularity of local and Nollywood content on television.
Human enzyme depletion of cyst(e)ine for pancreatic cancer therapy
Creators: name: Kshattry, Sabin
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2018
Subjects: Pancreatic cancer
Amino acid depletion
Cysteinase
Auranofin
Reactive oxygen species
Glutathione
Mitophagy

description: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a dismal 5-year survival rate at 8%. Since targeting KRAS, the driver oncogene in PDAC, has not been a clinically successful endeavor to date and given that the growth of pancreatic tumors is intricately linked to reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification mechanisms, perturbation of oxidative balance might be an effective therapeutic strategy. A major intracellular antioxidant is glutathione (GSH), a tripeptide made of glycine, glutamate and cysteine. Cysteine (L-Cys), which has the functional moiety of GSH, can either be synthesized de novo intracellularly or imported, predominantly as cystine (CSSC) that is reduced intracellularly to L-Cys. Recently, our group has engineered a human enzyme called cyst(e)inase that degrades both extracellular L-Cys and CSSC and is a safe and effective therapeutic agent for multiple cancer models. In our study with three pancreatic cancer cell lines, we found that even though cyst(e)inase depleted intracellular L-Cys and GSH in all three, only one “sensitive” cell line exhibited ROS accumulation and apoptotic cell death; the other two “resistant” cell lines were able to arrest their growth and maintain survival. Further mechanistic exploration showed that only the resistant cell lines were capable of maintaining mitochondrial fitness during L-Cys/CSSC depletion. Since resistance seemed predicated on maintenance of functional mitochondria, a major ROS producer, we sought to sensitize the resistant cells to cyst(e)inase by concurrently inhibiting other antioxidant pathways. As expected, this approach led to synergistic inhibition of cell survival in all three cell lines with the most striking effect and high translational potential provided by auranofin, a thioredoxin reductase inhibitor and an approved drug for rheumatoid arthritis. Treatment of cyst(e)inase and auranofin in combination caused a synergistic increase in mitochondrial ROS and apoptosis, and also led to inhibition of mitophagy – a cellular mechanism for mitochondrial quality control. Treatment of nude mice harboring pancreatic cancer xenografts recapitulated these results: auranofin sensitized the completely resistant cell line to cyst(e)inase without causing any systemic toxicity. Our data provides strong rationale to investigate the efficacy of cyst(e)inase and auranofin combination to treat patients with PDAC
Constraints on Supersymmetric Models from Catalytic Primordial Nucleosynthesis of Beryllium
Creators: name: Pospelov, Maxim
name: Pradler, Josef
name: Steffen, Frank Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The catalysis of nuclear reactions by negatively charged relics leads to increased outputs of primordial ^6Li and ^9Be. In combination with observational constraints on the primordial fractions of ^6Li and ^9Be, this imposes strong restrictions on the primordial abundance and the lifetime of charged relics. We analyze the constraints from the catalysis of ^9Be on supersymmetric models in which the gravitino is the lightest supersymmetric particle and a charged slepton--such as the lighter stau--the next-to-lightest supersymmetric particle (NLSP). Barring the special cases in which the primordial fraction of the slepton NLSP is significantly depleted, we find that the ^9Be data require a slepton NLSP lifetime of less than 6x10^3 seconds. We also address the issue of the catalytic destruction of ^6Li and ^9Be by late forming bound states of protons with negatively charged relics finding that it does not lead to any significant modification of the limit on the slepton lifetime.
description: 31 pages, 8 figures; minor additions, matches published version
SLE in self-dual critical Z(N) spin systems: CFT predictions
Creators: name: Santachiara, Raoul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Schramm-Loewner evolution (SLE) describes the continuum limit of domain walls at phase transitions in two dimensional statistical systems. We consider here the SLEs in the self-dual Z(N) spin models at the critical point. For N=2 and N=3 these models correspond to the Ising and three-state Potts model. For N>5 the critical self-dual Z(N) spin models are described in the continuum limit by non-minimal conformal field theories with central charge c>=1. By studying the representations of the corresponding chiral algebra, we show that two particular operators satisfy a two level null vector condition which, for N>=4, presents an additional term coming from the extra symmetry currents action. For N=2,3 these operators correspond to the boundary conditions changing operators associated to the SLE_{16/3} (Ising model) and to the SLE_{24/5} and SLE_{10/3} (three-state Potts model). We suggest a definition of the interfaces within the Z(N) lattice models. The scaling limit of these interfaces is expected to be described at the self-dual critical point and for N>=4 by the SLE_{4(N+1)/(N+2)} and SLE_{4(N+2)/(N+1)} processes.
description: 22 pages, 6 figures. v2: Nuclear Physics B Published version
Soliton transverse instabilities in nonlocal nonlinear media
Creators: name: Lin, YuanYao
name: Lee, Ray-Kuang
name: Kivshar, Yuri S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the transverse instabilities of spatial bright solitons in nonlocal nonlinear media, both analytically and numerically. We demonstrate that the nonlocal nonlinear response leads to a dramatic suppression of the transverse instability of the soliton stripes, and we derive the asymptotic expressions for the instability growth rate in both short- and long-wave approximations.
description: 3 pages, 3 figures
Multi-frequency integrated profiles of pulsars
Creators: name: Johnston, Simon
name: Karastergiou, Aris
name: Mitra, Dipanjan
name: Gupta, Yashwant
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have observed a total of 67 pulsars at five frequencies ranging from 243 to 3100 MHz. Observations at the lower frequencies were made at the Giant Metre Wave Telescope in India and those at higher frequencies at the Parkes Telescope in Australia. We present profiles from 34 of the sample with the best signal to noise ratio and the least scattering. The general `rules' of pulsar profiles are seen in the data; profiles get narrower, the polarization fraction declines and outer components become more prominent as the frequency increases. Many counterexamples to these rules are also observed, and pulsars with complex profiles are especially prone to rule breaking. We hypothesise that the location of pulsar emission within the magnetosphere evolves with time as the the pulsar spins down. In highly energetic pulsars, the emission comes from a confined range of high altitudes, in the middle range of spin down energies the emission occurs over a wide range of altitudes whereas in pulsars with low spin-down energies it is confined to low down in the magnetosphere.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 15 pages
Praxisleitfaden: Zusammenarbeit von Schule und Zivilgesellschaft in einer digital geprägten Welt
Creators: name: Watolla, Ann-Kathrin
name: Röwert, Ronny
Publisher: name: Forum Bildung Digitalisierung
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Schule
subject: Zivilgesellschaft
subject: Digitalisierung
subject: 370: Erziehung, Schul- und Bildungswesen

description: Im Auftrag des Forum Bildung Digitalisierung, eine gemeinsame Initiative acht großer deutscher Stiftungen, wurde am Institut für Technische Bildung und Hochschuldidaktik der Technischen Universität Hamburg zwischen November 2019 und Juli 2020 eine Studie durchgeführt, um bestehende Erfahrungen in der Zusammenarbeit von Schulen und zivilgesellschaftlichen Initiativen zu sammeln und aufzubereiten. Dies erfolgte einerseits über jeweils eine Online-Umfrage unter Schulleitungen sowie zivilgesellschaftlichen Initiativen zwischen Februar und Mai 2020 und andererseits in einem Evaluations-Workshop am 7. Mai 2020. Die gesammelten Erfahrungsberichte werden in einem nun veröffentlichten Praxisleitfaden zusammengeführt, um Schulen im Allgemeinen und Schulleitungen im Besonderen dabei zu unterstützen, sich gemeinsam mit zivilgesellschaftlichen Initiativen den aktuellen Anforderungen einer digital geprägten Welt zu stellen.
HimalDoc poster presented at Open Repositories 2014
Creators: name: Jha, Anil Kumar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: ICIMOD
HIMALDOC
Mountain
Hindu Kush Himalaya
Himalayan University Consortium

description: The International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), based in Kathmandu, Nepal, is a regional intergovernmental learning and knowledge sharing centre serving eight countries in the Hindu Kush Himalayas. The HKH region is the source of 10 large Asian river systems that provide water, ecosystem services, and the basis for livelihoods to more than 210 million people. Global warming and its impact on Himalayan glaciers and mountain ecosystems has now become a global concern. ICIMOD has been working for three decades for the betterment of the mountain region, the environment and people. HIMALDOC is a multipurpose tool developed by ICIMOD. Based on the Invenio software, this tool links Himalayan University Consortium (HUC) libraries, a portal and an open repository of information on sustainable mountain development in the HKH. The main objective of HIMALDOC is to provide information on mountains on a single interface and enable users to access it with just one click. HUC is one of ICIMOD’s regional programmes. It aims to build dynamic mountain knowledge partnerships between universities, ICIMOD, and regional member countries to promote research and learning. HUC has 16 full and 8 associate members.
description: Presented at OR2014, 9-13 June 2014, Helsinki, Finland
Ultracold Thermalization of $^7$Li and $^{87}$Rb
Creators: name: Marzok, C.
name: Deh, B.
name: Courteille, Ph. W.
name: Zimmermann, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on measurements of cross-species thermalization inside a magnetically trapped spin-polarized mixture of $^{87}$Rb and $^7$Li atoms with both atoms in their respective low field seeking magnetic substates $|F=2,m_F=2\right>$. Measurement of the thermalization velocity in the ultracold regime below $10 μ$K allows for the derivation of the absolute value of the pure triplet s-wave scattering length governing the interaction. We find $|a_{7,87}|=(59\pm19) a_{\rm B}$. We propose to study both species in the condensed regime to derive the sign of $a_{7,87}$. In this context, we present numerical solutions to the coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equation based on the hypothesis of a positive sign. According to the simulations, phase separation of the Li and Rb $|2,2\right>$ clouds occurs along with a mean-field stabilization allowing for larger atom numbers of condensed $^7$Li atoms before collapse sets in. Observation of this mean-field stabilization would directly fix the sign of $a_{7,87}$. We discuss our results in the light of this proposal.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
Ubiquitin gene expression during differentiation of Leishmania major
Creators: name: Ma, Tosca Chiu Wah
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Leishmania major (L. major) is an intra-macrophage protozoan parasite which differentiates from a promastigote to an amastigote upon transmission from its insect vector at 25°C to its mammalian host at 37°C. This temperature shift occurs in the same range as that used to elicit the heat shock response in prokaryotes and higher eukaryotes in which the induction of genes encoding heat shock proteins is seen. Ubiquitin is a heat inducible protein and one of the most conserved eukaryotic proteins known. Genomic libraries made from major DNA were initially screened with the ubiquitin gene from yeast. DNA sequence analyses of positive clones revealed at least 5 ubiquitin coding elements arranged head to tail without intervening sequences. The predicted protein sequence showed that ubiquitin in Leishmania differs from that of yeast and barley at 5 out of 76 amino acid positions and from that of human at only 2 positions. Further characterization revealed another ubiquitin encoding locus believed to carry only one ubiquitin encoding element. Comparisons of ubiquitin mRNA levels from L. major grown at 26°C, 37°C, and 42°C suggest that ubiquitin gene expression in these particular parasites is constitutive and that prolonged exposure at a non-lethal temperature results in a reduction of ubiquitin-specific mRNA. However, a direct correlation between parasite differentiation and ubiquitin gene expression was not defined as it could not be determined whether the described experimental conditions actually established differentiated states of L. major.
Deconfounded Recommendation for Alleviating Bias Amplification
Creators: name: Wang, Wenjie
name: Feng, Fuli
name: He, Xiangnan
name: Wang, Xiang
name: Chua, Tat-Seng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recommender systems usually amplify the biases in the data. The model learned from historical interactions with imbalanced item distribution will amplify the imbalance by over-recommending items from the major groups. Addressing this issue is essential for a healthy ecosystem of recommendation in the long run. Existing works apply bias control to the ranking targets (e.g., calibration, fairness, and diversity), but ignore the true reason for bias amplification and trade-off the recommendation accuracy. In this work, we scrutinize the cause-effect factors for bias amplification, identifying the main reason lies in the confounder effect of imbalanced item distribution on user representation and prediction score. The existence of such confounder pushes us to go beyond merely modeling the conditional probability and embrace the causal modeling for recommendation. Towards this end, we propose a Deconfounded Recommender System (DecRS), which models the causal effect of user representation on the prediction score. The key to eliminating the impact of the confounder lies in backdoor adjustment, which is however difficult to do due to the infinite sample space of the confounder. For this challenge, we contribute an approximation operator for backdoor adjustment which can be easily plugged into most recommender models. Lastly, we devise an inference strategy to dynamically regulate backdoor adjustment according to user status. We instantiate DecRS on two representative models FM and NFM, and conduct extensive experiments over two benchmarks to validate the superiority of our proposed DecRS.
title: Encountering Chinese Modernity:
title: The Emerging Popularity of Chinese Television Drama in East Africa
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Lei, Wei
Publisher: name: Stichproben. Vienna Journal of African Studies
Year: 2019

description: Today, the China-Africa relationship taking shape in both physical and symbolic spaces is reordering the global landscape. While increasing numbers of media studies are focusing on Chinese news media in Africa, what is largely missing from this scholarship is information pertinent to various other Chinese cultural forms; for example, television dramas and movies. In contrast to African viewers’ somewhat indifferent reception of news productions by Chinese media, more recent times have seen two Chinese television dramas receive an unexpectedly enthusiastic reception by East African viewers. This cultural phenomenon gives rise to a range of questions, such as the choices of Chinese television dramas, the main factors and the key players involved in the transnational flow. In a bid to address these questions, this article employs various methodologies, including content analysis and interviews structured to stimulate a preliminary discussion. It suggests that at this stage, Chinese television dramas are committed to conveying a favourable image of a social/cultural China to the East African public. However, at the same time, the type of modernity that is attractive for East African viewers and the public in general is contested within China, as well as between China and East Africa.
Mechanism for linear preferential attachment in growing networks
Creators: name: Xu, Xinping
name: Liu, Feng
name: Liu, Lianshou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The network properties of a graph ensemble subject to the constraints imposed by the expected degree sequence are studied. It is found that the linear preferential attachment is a fundamental rule, as it keeps the maximal entropy in sparse growing networks. This provides theoretical evidence in support of the linear preferential attachment widely exists in real networks and adopted as a crucial assumption in growing network models. Besides, in the sparse limit, we develop a method to calculate the degree correlation and clustering coefficient in our ensemble model, which is suitable for all kinds of sparse networks including the BA model, proposed by Barabasi and Albert.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure
The initial gas-phase sulfur abundance in the Orion Molecular Cloud from sulfur radio recombination lines
Creators: name: Goicoechea, Javier R.
name: Cuadrado, Sara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The abundances of chemical elements and their depletion factors are essential parameters for understanding the composition of the gas and dust that are ultimately incorporated into stars and planets. Sulfur is an abundant but peculiar element in the sense that, despite being less volatile than other elements (e.g., carbon), it is not a major constituent of dust grains in diffuse interstellar clouds. Here, we determine the gas-phase carbon-to-sulfur abundance ratio, [C]/[S], and the sulfur abundance [S] in a dense star-forming cloud from new radio recombination lines (RRLs) detected with the Yebes 40m telescope - at relatively high frequencies (~40 GHz ~7 mm) and angular resolutions (down to 36'') - in the Orion Bar, a rim of the Orion Molecular Cloud (OMC). We detect nine CnαRRLs (with n=51 to 59) as well as nine narrow line features separated from the Cnαlines by delta v=-8.4+/-0.3 km s^-1. Based on this velocity separation, we assign these features to sulfur RRLs, with little contribution of RRLs from the more condensable elements Mg, Si, or Fe. Sulfur RRLs lines trace the photodissociation region (PDR) of the OMC. In these predominantly neutral gas layers, up to A_V~4, the ions C+ and S+ lock in most of the C and S gas-phase reservoir. We determine a relative abundance of [C]_Ori/[S]_Ori=10.4+/-0.6 and, adopting the same [C]_Ori measured in the translucent gas toward star theta^1 Ori B, an absolute abundance of [S]_Ori=(1.4+/-0.4)x10^-5. This value is consistent with emission models of the observed sulfur RRLs if N(S+)~7x10^17 cm^-2 (beam-averaged). The [S]_Ori is the ''initial'' sulfur abundance in the OMC, before an undetermined fraction of the [S]_Ori goes into molecules and ice mantles in the cloud interior. The inferred abundance [S]_Ori matches the solar abundance, thus implying that there is little depletion of sulfur onto rocky dust grains, with D(S)=0.0+/-0.2 dex.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics Letters. 9 pages including Appendix
Lipidome improves predictive ability of subclinical atherosclerosis over traditional risk factors: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study.
Creators: name: Mishra, Pashupati
name: Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka
name: Hamal Mishra, Binisha
name: Kähönen, Mika
name: Raitakari, Olli
name: Laaksonen, Reijo
name: Lehtimäki, Terho
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: Background: Early detection of atherosclerotic process is crucial for primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. In this study we tested independent and added predictive value of serum molecular lipidome for subclinical atherosclerosis over traditional risk factors.

Subjects and methods: We investigated significance of serum lipidome using LC-MS/MS technique in prediction of subclinical atherosclerosis assessed by carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in Young Finns Study cohort in 2007 (number:2009, age:30-45 years, women:55%). Statistical analysis was done with dichotomized cIMT data (cases: value ³ 90th percentile vs. controls: value <90th percentile). Differential expression analysis of lipidome data between cases and controls was performed with Student’s t-test. Lipid species that were differentially expressed between cases and controls were selected for building prediction models . Reference predictive model with major traditional risk factors and two test predictive models; one with selected lipid species and traditional risk factors (test model1) and other with selected lipid species only (test model 2) were analyzed. Predictive variables in all the models were further selected with bootstrap backward-stepwise algorithm. Model fitting and validation was done for 1000 bootstraps of the original data by: i) fitting models to training data (70% data), ii) testing the models on test data (30% data), and iii) calculate accuracy measure (ROC AUC).

Results: Our results suggest that serum lipidome significantly improves prediction accuracy for subclinical atherosclerosis over traditional risk factors (reference model: AUC 0.762, 95% CI [0.698, 0.823], test model 1: AUC 0.778, 95% CI [0.715, 0.838], t-test p-value: 2.2e-16). Serum lipidome also showed independent predictive accuracy equivalent to that of traditional risk factors [test model 2: AUC 0.762, 95%CI [0.698, 0.821], t-test p-value against reference model: 0.5005].

Conclusion: This study indicates that serum lipidome may help in predicting subclinical atherosclerosis for primary prevention more effectively than traditional risk factors alone.
Accelerating a Black Hole in Higher Dimensions
Creators: name: Kodama, Hideo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Utilising the master equation with source for perturbations of the Schwarzschild-Tangherlini solution, we construct perturbative solutions representing a black hole accelerated by a string in higher dimensions. We show that such solutions can be uniquely determined by a single function representing the local tension of the string, under natural asymptotic and regularity conditions. We further study whether we can construct a localised braneworld black hole solution from such a solution by cutting off a region containing the string by a hypersurface and putting a vacuum brane on the boundary. We find that the solution corresponding to the string with constant tension does not allow such brane configuration when the bulk spacetime dimension is greater than four, in contrast to the four dimensional case. Further, we show that there exist infinitely many localised braneworld black hole solutions in the perturbative sense for four-dimensional bulk spacetime, if we allow non-uniform string tensions.
description: 47 pages, 4 figures
Parametric control of self-sustained and self-modulated optomechanical oscillations
Creators: name: Christou, S.
name: Kovanis, V.
name: Giannakopoulos, A. E.
name: Kominis, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optomechanical systems are known to exhibit a rich set of complex dynamical features including various types of chaotic behavior and multi-stability. Although this exotic behavior has attracted an intense research interest, the utilization of optomechanical systems in technological applications, in most cases necessitates a complex, yet predictable and controllable, oscillatory response. In fact, the various types of robust oscillations supported by optomechanical systems are nested in either the same or neighboring regions of the parameter space, where chaos exists. In this work we systematically dissect the parameter space of the fundamental optomechanical oscillator in order to identify regions where stable self-sustained and self-modulated oscillations exist, by utilizing bifurcation analysis and advanced numerical continuation techniques. Moreover,in cases where bistability occurs, we study the accessibility of these oscillatory states in terms of initial conditions and their location with respect to well-defined basins of attraction. The results provide specific knowledge for the parameter sets enabling the appropriate oscillatory response for different types of applications.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures
Phenomenological consequences of four zero neutrino Yukawa textures
Creators: name: Choubey, Sandhya
name: Rodejohann, Werner
name: Roy, Probir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For type I seesaw and in the basis where the charged lepton and heavy right-handed neutrino mass matrices are real and diagonal, four has been shown to be the maximum number of zeros allowed in the neutrino Yukawa coupling matrix $Y_ν$. These four zero textures have been classified into two distinct categories. We investigate certain phenomenological consequences of these textures within a supersymmetric framework. This is done by using conditions implied on elements of the neutrino Majorana mass matrix for textures of each category in $Y_ν$. These conditions turn out to be stable under radiative corrections. Including the effective mass, which appears in neutrinoless double beta decay, along with the usual neutrino masses, mixing angles and phases, it is shown analytically and through scatter plots how restricted regions in the seesaw parameter space are selected by these conditions. We also make consequential statements on the yet unobserved radiative lepton flavor violating decays such as $μ\to e γ$. All these decay amplitudes are proportional to the moduli of entries of the neutrino Majorana mass matrix. We also show under which conditions the low energy CP violation, showing up in neutrino oscillations, is directly linked to the CP violation required for producing successful flavor dependent and flavor independent lepton asymmetries during leptogenesis.
description: 25 pages, Typo in Eq. (10) and the Tables corrected
Gut Microbiome and Genetic Polymorphism for Pain in Sickle Cell Disease.
Creators: name: Kashyap, Yavnika
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2024

description: Several studies have investigated the complex pathophysiology of Sickle cell disease (SCD), but mechanisms underlying the clinical manifestation of acute pain episodes, the ongoing chronic pain in SCD and the factors elemental in transition from acute to chronic pain are not well understood. Gut microbiota has been shown to play a crucial role in the pathophysiological features of sickle cell disease and although some investigations into the role of gut microbiota have been pursued, its impact on SCD pain remains unknown. Given the crucial role gut microbiota plays in various physiological processes within the body including various neurodevelopmental processes, understanding how it impacts the pain pathways would be integral to understanding the intricate bidirectional gut-brain axis, would help improve upon the existing understanding of pain mechanisms in SCD and develop more targeted therapies for pain.
The main objective of my research is to enhance our understanding of the pain in SCD and how it is influenced by changes in the gut microbiome. In this study, using techniques like 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolomics, I show distinct changes in the gut microbiome composition as well as a change in the gut microbiota-derived metabolite profile of the SCD transgenic mice. I employ multipronged approach with models like antibiotic-induced microbiota depletion and fecal material transplantation to elucidate the impact of depleting or reshaping the gut microbiome on the sensory and affective pain components in a humanized transgenic mouse model of SCD. The results reveal significant insights into the role of gut microbiome and their metabolites in SCD pain modulation, offering potential mechanisms for targeted therapy. This study also elucidates how supplementation with specific metabolites further results in pain alleviation.
In addition to exploring gut microbiome, I also investigated the role of genetic polymorphisms in SCD pain. Using bioinformatics for genetic modeling of the data from SCD patients, I elucidate how ADH7 polymorphism rs971074 is associated with increased incidence of acute pain and more severe chronic pain in patients suffering from SCD.
Overall, this research provides valuable insights and highlights the role of non-traditional pathways like gut microbiome and genetic polymorphisms in SCD pain.
title: "The Illusion of Being a Free Spirit"
title: Mobile Phones and Social Media in Transit Places of Migration with the Example of the Kakuma Refugee Camp in Kenya
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Böhme, Claudia
Publisher: name: Stichproben. Vienna Journal of African Studies
Year: 2019

description: The global distribution of new technologies like the internet, mobile- and smartphones, and social media has had a significant impact on refugees’ lifeworlds. Mobile phones and the internet are not only auxiliary tools during transnational migration, but through the viral dissemination of information and images, they function as omnipresent companions and bridge the distances for people on the move, acting as migrant essentials. These "connected migrants" are characterised by the fact that they carry their transnational social networks with them and through the virtual bonds create a social space of connected presence (Diminescu 2008). This holds especially true for people living at the margins in liminal or in-between spaces like refugee camps. Social media does offer new spaces through which refugees can act out an identity beyond the refugee label, and imagine and create their own future. Using the example of two women living in the Kakuma refugee camp in North-Western Kenya, I want to show how they use these technologies to engage in transnational networking and communication. In doing so, I will take into account the role of mobile phones and social media for identity construction, future making and the creation of alternative futures in the virtual space.
An [$α$/Fe]-enhanced thick disk in a Milky Way Analogue
Creators: name: Scott, Nicholas
name: van de Sande, Jesse
name: Sharma, Sanjib
name: Bland-Hawthorn, Joss
name: Freeman, Ken
name: Gerhard, Ortwin
name: Hayden, Michael R.
name: McDermid, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Milky Way disk consists of two prominent components - a thick, alpha-rich, low-metallicity component and a thin, metal-rich, low-alpha component. External galaxies have been shown to contain thin and thick disk components, but whether distinct components in the [$α$/Fe]-[Z/H] plane exist in other Milky Way-like galaxies is not yet known. We present VLT-MUSE observations of UGC 10738, a nearby, edge-on Milky Way-like galaxy. We demonstrate through stellar population synthesis model fitting that UGC 10738 contains alpha-rich and alpha-poor stellar populations with similar spatial distributions to the same components in the Milky Way. We discuss how the finding that external galaxies also contain chemically distinct disk components may act as a significant constraint on the formation of the Milky Way's own thin and thick disk.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in ApJL