cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Ancillary Benefits of Reduced Air Pollution in the United States from Moderate Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Policies in the Electricity Sector
Creators: name: Burtraw, Dallas
name: Krupnick, Alan J.
name: Palmer, Karen L.
name: Paul, Anthony
name: Toman, Michael
name: Bloyd, Cary
name: Burtraw, Dallas
name: Krupnick, Alan J.
name: Palmer, Karen L.
name: Paul, Anthony
name: Toman, Michael
name: Bloyd, Cary
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: climate change
subject: greenhouse gas
subject: ancillary benefits
subject: air pollution
subject: co-control benefits
subject: nitrogen oxides
subject: sulfur dioxide
subject: carbon dioxide
subject: particulates
subject: health

description: This paper considers how moderate actions to slow atmospheric accumulation of greenhouse gases from fossil fuel use also could reduce conventional air pollutants in the United States. The benefits that result would be "ancillary" to greenhouse gas abatement. Moreover, the benefits would tend to accrue locally and in the near term, while benefits from reduced climate change mostly accrue globally and over a time frame of several decades or longer. The previous literature suggests that changes in nitrogen oxides (NOx) would be the most important consequence of moderate carbon policies. We calculate these changes in a detailed electricity model linked to an integrated assessment framework to value changes in human health. A tax of $25 per metric ton of carbon emissions would yield NOx related health benefits of about $8 per metric ton of carbon reduced in the year 2010 (1997 dollars). Additional savings accrue from reduced investment in NOx and SO2 abatement in order to comply with emission caps. These savings sum to $4-$7 per ton of carbon reduced. Total ancillary benefits of a $25 carbon tax are estimated to be $12-$14, which appear to justify the costs of a $25 tax, although marginal benefits are less than marginal costs. At a tax of $75 per ton carbon, greater health benefits and abatement cost savings are achieved but the value of ancillary benefits per ton of carbon reductions remains roughly constant at about $12.
[Kashaya field notes]
Creators: name: Munro, Pamela
name: Silva, Anita
name: Urban, Matthias
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: kju
subject: Kashaya language

description: Photocopy of notes from the field methods course LSA 310 taught by Pam Munro at the 2009 LSA Linguistic Institute at UC Berkeley.
Star formation and bar instability in cosmological haloes
Creators: name: Curir, Anna
name: Mazzei, Paola
name: Murante, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is the third of a series of papers presenting the first attempt to analyze the growth of the bar instability in a consistent cosmological scenario. In the previous two articles we explored the role of the cosmology on stellar disks, and the impact of the gaseous component on a disk embedded in a cosmological dark matter halo. The aim of this paper is to point out the impact of the star formation on the bar instability inside disks having different gas fractions. We perform cosmological simulations of the same disk-to-halo mass systems as in the previous works where the star formation was not triggered. We compare the results of the new simulations with the previous ones to investigate the effect of the star formation by analysing the morphology of the stellar components, the bar strength, the behaviour of the pattern speed. We follow the gas and the central mass concentration during the evolution and their impact on the bar strength. In all our cosmological simulations a stellar bar, lasting 10 Gyr, is still living at z=0. The central mass concentration of gas and of the new stars has a mild action on the ellipticity of the bar but is not able to destroy it; at z=0 the stellar bar strength is enhanced by the star formation. The bar pattern speed is decreasing with the disk evolution.
description: 10 pages, 21 figures, A&A accepted
Floquet dynamical phase transition and entanglement spectrum
Creators: name: Jafari, R.
name: Akbari, Alireza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore both pure and mixed states Floquet dynamical quantum phase transitions (FDQFTs) in the one-dimensional p-wave superconductor with a time-driven pairing phase. In the Fourier space, the model is recast to the non-interacting quasi-spins subjected to a time-dependent effective magnetic field. We show that FDQFTs occur within a range of driving frequency without resorting to any quenches. Moreover, FDQFTs appear in the region where quasi-spins are in the resonance regime. In the resonance regime, the population completely cycles the population between the spin down and up states. Additionally, we study the conditions for the appearance of FDQFTs using the entanglement spectrum and purity entanglement measure. Our results imply that the entanglement spectrum can truly capture the resonance regime where FDQFTs occur. Particularly, the dynamical topological region results in the degeneracy of the entanglement spectrum. It is shown that the boundary of the driven frequency range, over which the system reveals FDQFTs, signaled by the purity entanglement measure.
Magnetization of the intergalactic medium in the IllustrisTNG simulations: the importance of extended, outflow-driven bubbles
Creators: name: Garcia, Andres Aramburo
name: Bondarenko, Kyrylo
name: Boyarsky, Alexey
name: Nelson, Dylan
name: Pillepich, Annalisa
name: Sokolenko, Anastasia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effects of galaxy formation physics on the magnetization of the intergalactic medium (IGM) using the IllustrisTNG simulations. We demonstrate that large-scale regions affected by the outflows from galaxies and clusters contain magnetic fields that are several orders of magnitude stronger than in unaffected regions with the same electron density. Moreover, like magnetic fields amplified inside galaxies, these magnetic fields do not depend on the primordial seed, i.e. the adopted initial conditions for magnetic field strength. We study the volume filling fraction of these strong field regions and their occurrence in random lines of sight. As a first application, we use these results to put bounds on the photon-axion conversion from spectral distortion of the CMB. As photon-axion coupling grows with energy, stronger constraints could potentially be obtained using data on the propagation of gamma-ray photons through the IGM. Finally, we also briefly discuss potential applications of our results to the Faraday Rotation measurements.
description: Journal version
title: AI3SD Video: Data publication â a personal tale
Creators: name: Callaghan, Sarah
Publisher: name: University of Southampton
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: AI3SD Event, Data Access, Data Citations, Data Publishing, Data Quality, Data Science, Data Sharing, Datasets, Reproducible Research, Research, Research Data Management

description: In this talk, I will discuss the theory and practice of data publication both from the perspective of an academic journal editor, but also as a scientific researcher who created datasets, and who got scooped. Iâll touch on the importance of data management and data citation, and give an overview of how data publication has grown over the past years, and where we want to be heading in the future.
Universal quantum computation with unlabeled qubits
Creators: name: Severini, Simone
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that an n-th root of the Walsh-Hadamard transform (obtained from the Hadamard gate and a cyclic permutation of the qubits), together with two diagonal matrices, namely a local qubit-flip (for a fixed but arbitrary qubit) and a non-local phase-flip (for a fixed but arbitrary coefficient), can do universal quantum computation on n qubits. A quantum computation, making use of n qubits and based on these operations, is then a word of variable length, but whose letters are always taken from an alphabet of cardinality three. Therefore, in contrast with other universal sets, no choice of qubit lines is needed for the application of the operations described here. A quantum algorithm based on this set can be interpreted as a discrete diffusion of a quantum particle on a de Bruijn graph, corrected on-the-fly by auxiliary modifications of the phases associated to the arcs.
description: 6 pages
The effects of drift and winds on the propagation of Galactic cosmic rays
Creators: name: AL-Zetoun, A.
name: Achterberg, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effects of drift motions and the advection by a Galactic wind on the propagation of cosmic rays in the Galaxy. We employ a simplified magnetic field model, based on (and similar to) the Jansson-Farrar model for the Galactic magnetic field. Diffusion is allowed to be anisotropic. The relevant equations are solved numerically, using a set of stochastic differential equations. Inclusion of drift and a Galactic wind significantly shortens the residence time of cosmic rays, even for moderate wind speeds
The Geometry of M-Branes Wrapping Special Lagrangian Cycles
Creators: name: Fayyauddin, Ansar
name: Husain, Tasneem Zehra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We characterize the geometry produced by M5-branes wrapping a Special Lagrangian 3-cycle in a Calabi-Yau 3-fold. The presence of the brane replaces the the Calabi-Yau by a real manifold with an almost complex structure. We show that, in this classification, a distinguished (1,1) form as well as a globally defined (3,0) form play an important role. The requirements of supersymmetry preservation impose constraints on these structures which can be used to classify the background.
description: 17 pages, correct version
ECONOMIC FACTORS BY MILK SOLD PER COW, MICHIGAN DAIRY FARMS, 1999
Creators: name: Nott, Sherrill B.
name: Nott, Sherrill B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: This report is a summary of the financial and production records kept by dairy farmers enrolled in the Telfarm/MicroTel record program through Michigan State University Extension, or were accounting clients of AgriSolutions in Michigan, or of Farm Credit Services of Escanaba.
Extracting HI Astrophysics from Interferometric Intensity Mapping
Creators: name: Chen, Zhaoting
name: Wolz, Laura
name: Spinelli, Marta
name: Murray, Steven G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new halo model of neutral hydrogen (HI) calibrated to galaxy formation simulations at redshifts $z\sim0.1$ and $z\sim1.0$ that we employ to investigate the constraining power of interferometric HI intensity mapping on HI astrophysics. We demonstrate that constraints on the small-scale HI power spectrum can break the degeneracy between the HI density $Ω_{\rm HI}$ and the HI bias $b_{\rm HI}$. For $z\sim0.1$, we forecast that an accurate measurement of $Ω_{\rm HI}$ up to 6% level precision and the large-scale HI bias $b_{\rm HI}^0$ up to 1% level precision can be achieved using Square Kilometre Array (SKA) pathfinder data from MeerKAT and Australian SKA Pathfinder (ASKAP). We also propose a new description of the HI shot noise in the halo model framework in which a scatter of the relation between the HI mass of galaxies and their host halo mass is taken into account. Furthermore, given the number density of HI galaxies above a certain HI mass threshold, future surveys will also be able to constrain the HI mass function using only the HI shot noise. This will lead to constraints at the 10% level using the standard Schechter function. This technique will potentially provide a new way of measuring the HI Mass Function, independent from existing methods. We predict that the SKA will be able to further improve the low-redshift constraints by a factor of 3, as well as pioneering measurements of HI astrophysics at higher redshifts.
description: 19 pages, 11 figures and 6 tables. Updated to match the published version in MNRAS. For the computational tool used in this paper see arXiv:2009.14066 and https://halomod.readthedocs.io/en/latest/examples/extension.html
[Kashaya field notes]
Creators: name: Munro, Pamela
name: Sammons, Olivia N.
name: Silva, Anita
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: kju
subject: Kashaya language

description: Photocopy of notes from the field methods course LSA 310 taught by Pam Munro at the 2009 LSA Linguistic Institute at UC Berkeley.
DAIRY FARMS IN MICHIGAN'S U.P., 1999
Creators: name: Nott, Sherrill B.
name: Nott, Sherrill B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: This report is a summary of the financial and production records kept by U.P. dairy farmers enrolled in the Telfarm/MicroTel record program through Michigan State University Extension, or were accounting clients of Farm Credit Services. Farm records were included if a financial summary was completed on 1999 data including beginning and ending balance sheets, plus income and expenses.
Current-induced Vortex Motion by Spin-Transfer Torque
Creators: name: Shibata, Junya
name: Nakatani, Yoshinobu
name: Tatara, Gen
name: Kohno, Hiroshi
name: Otani, Yoshichika
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the dynamics of a magnetic vortex driven by spin-transfer torque due to spin current in the adiabatic case. The vortex core represented by collective coordinate experiences a transverse force proportional to the product of spin current and gyrovector, which can be interpreted as the geometric force determined by topological charges. We show that this force is just a reaction force of Lorentz-type force from the spin current of conduction electrons. Based on our analyses, we propose analytically and numerically a possible experiment to check the vortex displacement by spin current in the case of single magnetic nanodot.
Density functionals and half-metalicity in La2/3Sr1/3MnO3
Creators: name: Ferrari, V.
name: Pruneda, J. M.
name: Artacho, Emilio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electronic structure and equilibrium geometry of La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 are studied theoretically by means of density functional calculations. The doping is treated by introducing holes and a compensating jellium background. The results for the local density approximation (LDA) agree with previous LDA calculations, with an equilibrium volume 5.3% too small and with both majority and minority spin states present at the Fermi level for the relaxed system. The generalised gradient approximation (GGA) offers a qualitatively improved description of the system, with a more realistic volume, and a half-metallic behaviour for the relaxed structure, which enables studies needing theoretical relaxation.The ideal MnO2-terminated (001) surface is then described with explicit doping.
description: 5 pages, 3 Encapsulated Postscript figures. Submitted to the Proceedings of TNT 2005, Oviedo, Spain
Hydrodynamic transport and violation of the viscosity-to-entropy ratio bound in nodal-line semimetals
Creators: name: Kim, Sang Wook
name: Jose, Geo
name: Uchoa, Bruno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ratio between the shear viscosity and the entropy $η/s$ is considered a universal measure of the strength of interactions in quantum systems. This quantity was conjectured to have a universal lower bound $(1/4π)\hbar/k_{B}$, which indicates a very strongly correlated quantum fluid. By solving the quantum kinetic theory for a nodal-line semimetal in the hydrodynamic regime, we show that $η/s\propto T$ violates the universal lower bound, scaling towards zero with decreasing temperature $T$ in the perturbative limit. We find that the hydrodynamic scattering time between collisions is nearly temperature independent, up to logarithmic scaling corrections, and can be extremely short for large nodal lines, near the Mott-Ragel-Ioffe limit. Our finding suggests that nodal-line semimetals can be very strongly correlated quantum systems.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures
title: AI3SD Video: Publishing and Citing Data in Practice
Creators: name: Cope, Jez
Publisher: name: University of Southampton
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: AI3SD Event, Data Access, Data Citations, Data Publishing, Data Quality, Data Science, Data Sharing, Datasets, Reproducible Research, Research, Research Data Management

description: Sharing data, whether openly or on a more restricted basis, is increasingly expected of researchers in many areas. This is incredibly valuable for the scientific community but does take more work than simply putting the results in a drawer after the paper is published, so how can we make sure that the originators of data get full credit for their labour while ensuring that the data continues to be accessible in the long term? Data citation has a big role to play in the answer to this question, and this talk will give you an overview of the principles of data citation and how to implement them in practice.
A Survey Inspection of Plain Corrugated Metal Pipe Arches and Multi-Plate Metal Pipe Arches In Kentucky
Creators: name: West, Eugene M.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1957
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: Past observations have indicated that rusting has been rather prevalent in the large, un-paved metal drainage structures most of which have been installed since the opening of the Kentucky Rural Secondary Program in 1949. Since all of these structures are relatively new, and since rusting in any form can be considered a threat to the life of a structure, the Chief Engineer's Office, in 1954, requested that a study be made to determine the over-all frequency possible causes, and individual seriousness of this condition.  Altogether, a total of 86 of these un-paved structures were inspected. Although it would have been virtually impossible to inspect every one in the state, a pattern was followed which was believed to provide a representative and sufficiently large sampling. This pattern, by counties and by number of structures inspected per county, is shown in Fig. 1. Structures were located for inspection by use of the R. S. Final Estimate Forms.  Almost all of the structures inspected showed evidence of rusting in one form or another. Moverover, the condition was found in areas where testing for acidity, using methyl red and methyl orange pH indicators, indicated no serious acidity of the water, sometimes heretofore thought to be prerequisite to rusting.  A number of arches were found to be in need of immediate attention, and it was noted that the life of many others could undoubtedly be extended by a protective treatment of the inverts.
Yang-Mills theory and Tamagawa numbers
Creators: name: Asok, Aravind
name: Doran, Brent
name: Kirwan, Frances
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14H60 (Primary); 14F42, 14L24 (Secondary)

description: Atiyah and Bott used equivariant Morse theory applied to the Yang-Mills functional to calculate the Betti numbers of moduli spaces of vector bundles over a Riemann surface, rederiving inductive formulae obtained from an arithmetic approach which involved the Tamagawa number of SL_n. This article surveys this link between Yang-Mills theory and Tamagawa numbers, and explains how methods used over the last three decades to study the singular cohomology of moduli spaces of bundles on a smooth complex projective curve can be adapted to the setting of A^1-homotopy theory to study the motivic cohomology of these moduli spaces.
description: Accepted for publication in the Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society
A model-independent reconstruction of dark sector interactions
Creators: name: von Marttens, Rodrigo
name: Gonzalez, Javier E.
name: Alcaniz, Jailson
name: Marra, Valerio
name: Casarini, Luciano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Relaxing the conventional assumption of a minimal coupling between the dark matter (DM) and dark energy (DE) fields introduces significant changes in the predicted evolution of the Universe. Therefore, testing such a possibility constitutes an essential task not only for cosmology but also for fundamental physics. In a previous communication [Phys. Rev. D99, 043521, 2019], we proposed a new null test for the $Λ$CDM model based on the time dependence of the ratio between the DM and DE energy densities which is also able to detect potential signatures of interaction between the dark components. In this work, we extend that analysis avoiding the $ Λ$CDM assumption and reconstruct the interaction in the dark sector in a fully model-independent way using data from type Ia supernovae, cosmic chronometers and baryonic acoustic oscillations. According to our analysis, the $Λ$CDM model is consistent with our model-independent approach at least at $3σ$ CL over the entire range of redshift studied. On the other hand, our analysis shows that the current background data do not allow us to rule out the existence of an interaction in the dark sector. Finally, we present a forecast for next-generation LSS surveys. In particular, we show that Euclid and SKA will be able to distinguish interacting models with about 4\% of precision at $z\approx 1$.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in Physical Review D
ISSUES AND ALTERNATIVES IN THE 1995 FARM BILL DEBATE: WHEAT AND FEED GRAINS PROGRAMS
Creators: name: Batie, Sandra S.
name: Schweikhardt, David B.
name: Batie, Sandra S.
name: Schweikhardt, David B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: Commodity programs will again be at the center of the debate as consideration of the 1995 farm bill begins. A wide range of alternatives will be proposed as 1995 approaches. Each of these proposals would affect Michigan farmers, regardless of whether they participate in existing farm programs. Given the diversity of Michigan agriculture, few states have as much at stake in the upcoming farm bill debate as does Michigan.
Ten Rural Highway Base Stabilization Projects
Creators: name: Havens, James H.
name: Drake, William B.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1957
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: During the last week o£ September, 1956, the Division of Rural Highways requested assistance from the Research Division in conducting a series of ten experimental base stabilization projects which were to be geared more-or-less to a practical rural roads development program in which existing soils and local granular materials might be most advantageously treated and stabilized to provide fairly low cost base courses and surfaces, adequate for light rural traffic. The idea of actually constructing a base and bituminous surface for this type of road would represent a refinement over the traditional traffic-bound base type of construction which usually serves as a preliminary to light bituminous surfacing. While the traffic-bound type of construction has been used effectively in the past, there seems to be an inherent impatience on the part of property owners and general public to get on to the bituminous surfacing stage before the traffic-bound base has fully stabilized. In several such instances it has been necessary to add extra surfacing within a year or so, or else to revert to the traffic-bound stage again and start over.
Use of neural networks for stable, accurate and physically consistent parameterization of subgrid atmospheric processes with good performance at reduced precision
Creators: name: Yuval, Janni
name: O'Gorman, Paul A.
name: Hill, Chris N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A promising approach to improve climate-model simulations is to replace traditional subgrid parameterizations based on simplified physical models by machine learning algorithms that are data-driven. However, neural networks (NNs) often lead to instabilities and climate drift when coupled to an atmospheric model. Here we learn an NN parameterization from a high-resolution atmospheric simulation in an idealized domain by coarse graining the model equations and output. The NN parameterization has a structure that ensures physical constraints are respected, and it leads to stable simulations that replicate the climate of the high-resolution simulation with similar accuracy to a successful random-forest parameterization while needing far less memory. We find that the simulations are stable for a variety of NN architectures and horizontal resolutions, and that an NN with substantially reduced numerical precision could decrease computational costs without affecting the quality of simulations.
description: 23 pages, 6 figures (2 figures in main file)
Dark Matter and the CACTUS Gamma-Ray Excess from Draco
Creators: name: Profumo, Stefano
name: Kamionkowski, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The CACTUS atmospheric Cherenkov telescope collaboration recently reported a gamma-ray excess from the Draco dwarf spheroidal galaxy. Draco features a very low gas content and a large mass-to-light ratio, suggesting as a possible explanation annihilation of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) in the Draco dark-matter halo. We show that with improved angular resolution, future measurements can determine whether the halo is cored or cuspy, as well as its scale radius. We find the relevant WIMP masses and annihilation cross sections and show that supersymmetric models can account for the required gamma-ray flux. The annihilation cross section range is found to be not compatible with a standard thermal relic dark-matter production. We compute for these supersymmetric models the resulting Draco gamma-ray flux in the GLAST energy range and the rates for direct neutralino detection and for the flux of neutrinos from neutralino annihilation in the Sun. We also discuss the possibility that the bulk of the signal detected by CACTUS comes from direct WIMP annihilation to two photons and point out that a decaying-dark-matter scenario for Draco is not compatible with the gamma-ray flux from the Galactic center and in the diffuse gamma-ray background.
description: 24 pages, 10 figures; version accepted for publication in JCAP
Expressibility of comb tensor network states (CTNS) for the P-cluster and the FeMo-cofactor of nitrogenase
Creators: name: Li, Zhendong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Polynuclear transition metal complexes such as the P-cluster and the FeMo-cofactor of nitrogenase with eight transition metal centers represent a great challenge for current electronic structure methods. In this work, we initiated the use of comb tensor network states (CTNS), whose underlying topology has a one-dimensional backbone and several one-dimensional branches, as a many-body wavefunction ansatz to tackle these challenging systems. As an important first step, we explored the expressive power of CTNS with different underlying topologies. To this end, we presented an algorithm to express a configuration interaction (CI) wavefunction into CTNS based on the Schmidt decomposition. The algorithm was illustrated for representing approximate CI wavefunctions obtained from selected CI calculations for the P-cluster and the FeMo-cofactor into CTNS with three chemically meaningful comb structures, which successively group orbitals belonging to the same atom into branches. The conventional matrix product states (MPS) representation was obtained as a special case. We also discussed the insights gained from such decompositions, which shed some light on the future developments of efficient numerical tools for polynuclear transition metal complexes.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
UNDERSTANDING AND REDUCING CHILD MALNUTRITION IN MALI: INTERIM RESEARCH FINDINGS FOR THE PROJECT ON LINKAGES BETWEEN CHILD NUTRITION AND AGRICULTURAL GROWTH (LICNAG)
Creators: name: Tefft, James F.
name: Kelly, Valerie A.
name: Tefft, James F.
name: Kelly, Valerie A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
International Development

description: The study of the Linkages between Child Nutrition and Agricultural Growth (LICNAG) seeks to understand the positive and negative repercussions that agricultural-led growth has on children's health and nutritional status. The project's goal is to identify means of strengthening positive linkages between agricultural development and factors that influence child health and nutritional status. To accomplish this, we conducted a study (May 2001 - April 2002) of 750 rural households located in three agricultural systems: an irrigated rice zone in the Office du Niger of the Ségou Region, a rain-fed cotton zone in the Sikasso Region, and a traditional millet and sorghum zone in the Mopti Region. This paper reports the results of preliminary analysis using the first six months of survey data. In comparing the irrigated rice zones to other zones, LICNAG results show that (1) per capita income for the parents of children less than four years old is significantly higher than in other zones, (2) women have greater access to and control over income, and (3) rates of wasting and stunting are significantly lower. In the cotton zones income is concentrated in the hands of the heads of large extended families and women have little access to personal income. Reducing the concentration of income and increasing women's income are key challenges in this zone. In the coarse grain production systems of the Mopti Region, adults as well as children are not getting enough to eat. Increasing access to food and income requires measures to reduce price and climatic risk (e.g., water management and transport infrastructure, and diversification of incomes). Households in these regions depend heavily on off-farm income to meet their food needs, particularly remittances from both men and women working as laborers in the Office du Niger irrigated rice zone. As Mali moves forward in its efforts to expand irrigated perimeters in the Office du Niger, it will be important to encourage positive spillover effects from the irrigated rice sector that can contribute to improved food security for households in the neighboring Mopti Region.
Shock-multicloud interactions in galactic outflows -- II. Radiative fractal clouds and cold gas thermodynamics
Creators: name: Banda-Barragán, Wladimir
name: Brüggen, Marcus
name: Heesen, Volker
name: Scannapieco, Evan
name: Cottle, J'Neil
name: Federrath, Christoph
name: Wagner, Alexander Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galactic winds are crucial to the cosmic cycle of matter, transporting material out of the dense regions of galaxies. Observations show the coexistence of different temperature phases in such winds, which is not easy to explain. We present a set of 3D shock-multicloud simulations that account for radiative heating and cooling at temperatures between $10^2\,\rm K$ and $10^7\,\rm K$. The interplay between shock heating, dynamical instabilities, turbulence, and radiative heating and cooling creates a complex multi-phase flow with a rain-like morphology. Cloud gas fragments and is continuously eroded, becoming efficiently mixed and mass loaded. The resulting warm mixed gas then cools down and precipitates into new dense cloudlets, which repeat the process. Thus, radiative cooling is able to sustain fast-moving dense gas by aiding condensation of gas from warm clouds and the hot wind. In the ensuing outflow, hot gas with temperatures $\gtrsim 10^6\,\rm K$ outruns the warm and cold phases, which reach thermal equilibrium near $\approx 10^4\,\rm K$ and $\approx 10^2\,\rm K$, respectively. Although the volume filling factor of hot gas is higher in the outflow, most of the mass is concentrated in dense gas cloudlets and filaments with these temperatures. More porous multicloud layers result in more vertically extended outflows, and dense gas is more efficiently produced in more compact layers. The cold phase is not accelerated by ram-pressure, but, instead, precipitates from warm and mixed gas out of thermal equilibrium. This cycle can explain the presence of high-velocity H\,{\sc i} gas with $N_{\rm H\,{\scriptstyle I}}=10^{19-21}\,\rm cm^{-2}$ and $Δv_{\rm FWHM}\lesssim37\,\rm km\,s^{-1}$ in the Galactic centre outflow.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 20 pages, 13 figures. This version includes an additional clump-finding analysis in the Appendix
A New Domain Decomposition Method for the Compressible Euler Equations
Creators: name: Dolean, Victorita
name: Nataf, Frédéric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 65N99

description: In this work we design a new domain decomposition method for the Euler equations in 2 dimensions. The basis is the equivalence via the Smith factorization with a third order scalar equation to whom we can apply an algorithm inspired from the Robin-Robin preconditioner for the convection-diffusion equation. Afterwards we translate it into an algorithm for the initial system and prove that at the continuous level and for a decomposition into 2 sub-domains, it converges in 2 iterations. This property cannot be preserved strictly at discrete level and for arbitrary domain decompositions but we still have numerical results which confirm a very good stability with respect to the various parameters of the problem (mesh size, Mach number, ....).
description: Submitted
title: Optimal carbon taxation and horizontal equity
title: A welfare-theoretic approach with application to German household data
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Hänsel, Martin C.
name: Franks, Max
name: Kalkuhl, Matthias
name: Edenhofer, Ottmar
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 330 Wirtschaft

description: We develop a model of optimal carbon taxation and redistribution taking into account horizontal equity concerns by considering heterogeneous energy efficiencies. By deriving ﬁrst- and second-best rules for policy instruments including carbon taxes, transfers and energy subsidies, we then investigate analytically how horizontal equity is considered in the social welfare maximizing tax structure. We calibrate the model to German household data and a 30 percent emission reduction goal. Our results show that energy-intensive households should receive more redistributive resources than energy-efficient households if and only if social inequality aversion is sufficiently high. We further ﬁnd that redistribution of carbon tax revenue via household-speciﬁc transfers is the ﬁrst-best policy. Equal per-capita transfers do not suﬀer from informational problems, but increase mitigation costs by around 15 percent compared to the ﬁrst- best for unity inequality aversion. Adding renewable energy subsidies or non-linear energy subsidies, reduces mitigation costs further without relying on observability of households’ energy efficiency.
description: CEPA Discussion Papers; 28
Optimal and Low-Memory Near-Optimal Preconditioning of Fully Implicit Runge-Kutta Schemes for Parabolic PDEs
Creators: name: Jiao, Xiangmin
name: Wang, Xuebin
name: Chen, Qiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Runge-Kutta (RK) schemes, especially Gauss-Legendre and some other fully implicit RK (FIRK) schemes, are desirable for the time integration of parabolic partial differential equations due to their A-stability and high-order accuracy. However, it is significantly more challenging to construct optimal preconditioners for them compared to diagonally implicit RK (or DIRK) schemes. To address this challenge, we first introduce mathematically optimal preconditioners called block complex Schur decomposition (BCSD), block real Schur decomposition (BRSD), and block Jordan form (BJF), motivated by block-circulant preconditioners and Jordan form solution techniques for IRK. We then derive an efficient, near-optimal singly-diagonal approximate BRSD (SABRSD) by approximating the quasi-triangular matrix in real Schur decomposition using an optimized upper-triangular matrix with a single diagonal value. A desirable feature of SABRSD is that it has comparable memory requirements and factorization (or setup) cost as singly DIRK (SDIRK). We approximate the diagonal blocks in these preconditioning techniques using an incomplete factorization with (near) linear complexity, such as multilevel ILU, ILU(0), or a multigrid method with an ILU-based smoother. We apply the block preconditioners in right-preconditioned GMRES to solve the advection-diffusion equation in 3D using finite element and finite difference methods. We show that BCSD, BRSD, and BJF significantly outperform other preconditioners in terms of GMRES iterations, and SABRSD is competitive with them and the prior state of the art in terms of computational cost while requiring the least amount of memory.
A different expression of the Weil-Petersson potential on the quasi-Fuchsian deformation space
Creators: name: Teo, Lee-Peng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 32G15, 30F60, 30F10

description: We extend a definition of the Weil-Petersson potential on the universal Teichmuller space to the quasi-Fuchsian deformation space. We prove that up to a constant, this function coincides with the Weil-Petersson potential on the quasi-Fuchsian deformation space. As a result, we prove a lower bound for the Weil-Petersson potential on the quasi-Fuchsian deformation space.
description: 16 pages
Primer ejemplo práctico de elaboración de Informe de Validación Gráfica (IVG)
Creators: name: Pérez Romero, Antonio Miguel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Ejemplo práctico, guiado y con datos reales para la obtención de geometrías correctas y su validación en la Sede Electrónica de Catastro (SEC).
Deviations From Newton's Law in Supersymmetric Large Extra Dimensions
Creators: name: Callin, P.
name: Burgess, C. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Deviations from Newton's Inverse-Squared Law at the micron length scale are smoking-gun signals for models containing Supersymmetric Large Extra Dimensions (SLEDs), which have been proposed as approaches for resolving the Cosmological Constant Problem. Just like their non-supersymmetric counterparts, SLED models predict gravity to deviate from the inverse-square law because of the advent of new dimensions at sub-millimeter scales. However SLED models differ from their non-supersymmetric counterparts in three important ways: (i) the size of the extra dimensions is fixed by the observed value of the Dark Energy density, making it impossible to shorten the range over which new deviations from Newton's law must be seen; (ii) supersymmetry predicts there to be more fields in the extra dimensions than just gravity, implying different types of couplings to matter and the possibility of repulsive as well as attractive interactions; and (iii) the same mechanism which is purported to keep the cosmological constant naturally small also keeps the extra-dimensional moduli effectively massless, leading to deviations from General Relativity in the far infrared of the scalar-tensor form. We here explore the deviations from Newton's Law which are predicted over micron distances, and show the ways in which they differ and resemble those in the non-supersymmetric case.
description: 28 pages, jhep style, 3 postscript figures
Investigation of high-pressure turbulent jets using direct numerical simulation
Creators: name: Sharan, Nek
name: Bellan, Josette
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Direct numerical simulations of free round jets at a Reynolds number ($Re_{D}$) of $5000$, based on jet diameter ($D$) and jet-exit bulk velocity ($U_{e}$), are performed to study jet turbulence characteristics at supercritical pressures. The jet consists of $\mathrm{N_{2}}$ that is injected into $\mathrm{N_{2}}$ at same temperature. To understand turbulent mixing, a passive scalar is transported with the flow at unity Schmidt number. Two sets of inflow conditions that model jets issuing from either a smooth contraction nozzle (laminar inflow) or a long pipe nozzle (turbulent inflow) are considered. By changing one parameter at a time, the simulations examine the jet-flow sensitivity to the thermodynamic condition (characterized in terms of the compressibility factor ($Z$) and the normalized isothermal compressibility), inflow condition, and ambient pressure ($p_{\infty}$) spanning perfect- to real-gas conditions. The inflow affects flow statistics in the near-field (containing the potential core closure and the transition region) as well as further downstream (containing fully-developed flow with self-similar statistics) at both atmospheric and supercritical $p_{\infty}$. The sensitivity to inflow is larger in the transition region, where the laminar-inflow jets exhibit dominant coherent structures that produce higher mean strain rates and higher turbulent kinetic energy than in turbulent-inflow jets. Decreasing $Z$ at a fixed supercritical $p_{\infty}$ enhances pressure and density fluctuations (normalized by local mean pressure and density, respectively), but the effect on velocity fluctuations depends also on local flow dynamics. When $Z$ is reduced, large mean strain rates in the transition region of laminar-inflow jets significantly enhance velocity fluctuations (normalized by local mean velocity) and scalar mixing, whereas the effects are minimal in jets from turbulent inflow.
description: In press
Spatial dependence of 2MASS luminosity and mass functions in the old open cluster NGC 188
Creators: name: Bonatto, C.
name: Bica, E.
name: Santos, J. F. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Luminosity and mass functions in the old open cluster NGC 188 are analysed by means of J and H 2MASS photometry. Within the uncertainties, the observed projected radial density profile of NGC 188 departs from the two-parameter King model in two inner regions, which reflects the non-virialized dynamical state and possibly, some degree of non-sphericity in the spatial shape of this old open cluster. Fits with two and three-parameter King models to the radial distribution of stars resulted in a core radius of 1.3 pc and a tidal radius of 21 pc. The present 2MASS analysis resulted in significant slope variations with distance in the mass function $ϕ(m)\propto m^{-(1+χ)}$, being flat in the central parts ($χ=0.6\pm0.7$) and steep in the cluster outskirts ($χ=7.2\pm0.6$). The overall mass function has a slope $χ=1.9\pm0.7$, slightly steeper than a standard Salpeter mass function. Solar metallicity Padova isochrone fits to the near-infrared colour-magnitude diagram of NGC 188 resulted in an age of $7.0\pm1.0$ Gyr. The best fit, obtained with the 7.1 Gyr isochrone, produced a distance modulus $\mM=11.1\pm0.1$, $\ebv=0.0$, and a distance to the Sun $\ds=1.66\pm0.08$ kpc. The observed stellar mass (in the range $0.98 \ms - 1.08 \ms$) in NGC 188 is $\mobs=380\pm12 \ms$. A simple extrapolation of the observed overall mass function to stars with $0.08 \ms$ resulted in a total present mass of $\mtot\sim(1.8\pm0.7)\times10^4 \ms$. On the other hand, for a more realistic initial mass function which flattens in the low-mass range, the total mass in NGC 188 drops to $\mtot\sim(3.8\pm1.6)\times10^3 \ms$.
description: 13pages and 12 figures. Astronomy and Astrophysics, accepted
FARM-LEVEL PERSPECTIVES ON THE IMPACT OF DOMESTIC SUPERMARKETS ON KENYA'S FRESH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES SUPPLY SYSTEM
Creators: name: Neven, David
name: Reardon, Thomas
name: Odera, Michael M.
name: Wang, Honglin
name: Neven, David
name: Reardon, Thomas
name: Odera, Michael M.
name: Wang, Honglin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The rise of supermarkets in Kenya has given rise to a new group of medium-sized farms managed by well-educated farmers. Focusing on kale, the essay shows that nearly all supermarket-channel farmers have the capacity to supply larger volumes year round and have transportation vehicles, an irrigation system, a packing shed, a cellular phone, and so on, pointing to the existence of a threshold capital vector which farmers must have in order to access supermarkets. Especially farm size and irrigation were found to be significant determinants of participation in the supermarket channel. Kale suppliers to supermarkets use more capital intensive production technologies, leading to average labor and land productivities which are 60-70% higher than in the traditional channel. Eighty percent of labor consists of hired workers, indicating that these farmers could be important in alleviating poverty for rural households with little or no land. While most traditional-channel kale farmers sell to brokers and get a price that lets them break-even at best, supermarket-channel farmers have a 40% gross profit margin. These margins and lower market risks in the supermarket channel have resulted in a strong growth dynamic of supermarket-channel farmers which have doubled the size of their operations over the last five years.
[Kashaya field notes]
Creators: name: Munro, Pamela
name: Olsson, Bruno
name: Silva, Anita
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: kju
subject: Kashaya language

description: Photocopy of notes from the field methods course LSA 310 taught by Pam Munro at the 2009 LSA Linguistic Institute at UC Berkeley.