cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
How Do Microservice API Patterns Impact Understandability? A Controlled Experiment
Creators: name: Bogner, Justus
name: Wójcik, Pawel
name: Zimmermann, Olaf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Microservices expose their functionality via remote Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), e.g., based on HTTP or asynchronous messaging technology. To solve recurring problems in this design space, Microservice API Patterns (MAPs) have emerged to capture the collective experience of the API design community. At present, there is a lack of empirical evidence for the effectiveness of these patterns, e.g., how they impact understandability and API usability. We therefore conducted a controlled experiment with 6 microservice patterns to evaluate their impact on understandability with 65 diverse participants. Additionally, we wanted to study how demographics like years of professional experience or experience with MAPs influence the effects of the patterns. Per pattern, we constructed two API examples, each in a pattern version "P" and a functionally equivalent non-pattern version "N" (24 in total). Based on a crossover design, participants had to answer comprehension questions, while we measured the time. For five of the six patterns, we identified a significant positive impact on understandability, i.e., participants answered faster and / or more correctly for "P". However, effect sizes were mostly small, with one pattern showing a medium effect. The correlations between performance and demographics seem to suggest that certain patterns may introduce additional complexity; people experienced with MAPs will profit more from their effects. This has important implications for training and education around MAPs and other patterns.
description: Accepted for publication at the 21st IEEE International Conference on Software Architecture (ICSA 2024)
Pacifists and Feminists: The Challenge and Opportunity of Women’s Liberation to the Women in the Antiwar Movement, 1968-1980
Creators: name: Orland, Emily
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: This thesis examines how politically active women in the late 1960s and early 1970s responded to the intersection of the anti-Vietnam war and women’s liberation movements. Previous scholarship on the intersection of these movements has focused on women who abandoned the antiwar cause to pursue feminism in the late 1960s. This thesis pivots to focus on women who continued to advocate for the war’s end while responding to new demands for women’s liberation. This project uses three antiwar organizations—The Weather Underground Organization, Women Strike for Peace, and The American Friends Service Committee—as case studies to argue that women’s liberation fundamentally touched all women in the political arena. While none of these organizations were explicitly feminist nor devoted entirely to women’s issues, the women in these organizations found continuities between pacifism and feminism. They proved that women could embrace feminism, even while working alongside men or without radically altering their personal identities. They also fostered an important middle ground for political women whose entry point into politics was a policy goal rather than their identity. By looking at how these antiwar organizations changed, scholars of the second-wave feminist movement, as well as American history in the 1970s, will gain a richer understanding of the movement’s breadth and wide-reaching impact.
Additional file 6: of A complex health services intervention to improve medical care in long-term care homes: study protocol of the controlled coordinated medical care (CoCare) study
Creators: name: BrĂźhmann, Boris
name: Reese, Christina
name: Kaier, Klaus
name: Ott, Margrit
name: Maurer, Christoph
name: Kunert, Simone
name: Saurer, Bruno
name: Farin, Erik
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Nursing staff questionnaire baseline. (PDF 264 kb)
Heterogeneity in periodontitis prevalence in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos
Creators: name: Sanders, Anne E.
name: Kaste, Linda M.
name: Mauriello, Sally M.
name: Campbell, Steven M.
name: Badner, Victor M.
name: Beck, James D.
name: Singer, Richard H.
name: Beaver, Shirley M.
name: Jimenez, Monik C.
name: Finlayson, Tracy L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: To examine acculturation and established risk factors in explaining variation in periodontitis prevalence among Hispanic/Latino subgroups.
Alexander Pushkin’s The Tales of the Late Ivan Petrovich Belkin as a Coherent Cycle
Creators: name: Treadwell, Colton
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: This Honors Thesis analyzes Alexander Pushkin's first completed work of prose, The Tales of the Late Ivan Petrovich Belkin as a coherent cycle. The thesis introduces the idea of ambiguity as a key factor responsible for the unity of the cycle and analyzes each of its five stories through this lens. Additionally, the thesis explores the dualistic nature of The Belkin Tales and its oscillation between the poles of the prosaic and the poetic.
Exotic branes and non-geometric fluxes
Creators: name: Sakatani, Yuho
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present and study ten-dimensional effective actions for various non-geometric fluxes of which exotic branes act as the magnetic sources. Each theory can be regarded as a U-dual version of the $β$-supergravity, a reformulation of the ten-dimensional supergravity which is suitable for describing non-geometric backgrounds with Q-flux. In each theory, we find a solution that corresponds to the background of an exotic brane and show that it is single-valued up to a gauge transformation, although the same background written in the standard background fields is not single-valued in a usual sense. Further, we also find a solution which corresponds to the background of an instanton that is the electric dual of the exotic brane and discuss its properties.
description: 36 pages, 1 figure; v2: minor corrections, references added; v3: minor corrections; v4: typos corrected, version published in JHEP
The Role of School Reproductive Health Contexts in Shaping Unintended Pregnancies Among Young Adults
Creators: name: Janet Scott
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: Unintended pregnancies often lead to detrimental health outcomes for women and their infants, but the burden of this health outcome is not distributed evenly across the US population. Much of the previous research on susceptibility to unintended pregnancy has focused on how individual reproductive knowledge and attitudes influence the odds of unintended pregnancy, however, this body of research does not explore how institutional factors, such as school contexts, contribute to disparities. In this thesis, I use the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), a representative study of U.S. high school and middle school students in 1994-1995, and a multilevel study design to explore how school reproductive attitudes and knowledge influence individual reproductive attitudes and knowledge and subsequent unintended pregnancy in young adulthood. I used ordinary least squares (OLS) regression and logistic regressions models to test the relationship between school reproductive contexts and individual knowledge and attitudes and then used logistic regression models to examine how each of these variables were related with unintended pregnancy. I also tested the relationship of the interaction between school and individual attitudes on unintended pregnancy. Results indicated that school reproductive knowledge and attitudes were related to individual knowledge and attitudes. Individual-level antinatal attitudes decreased the odds of unintended pregnancy. However, school level reproductive context variables were not significantly related to unintended pregnancy in multivariate models. Results from the interaction analysis indicate that individuals who had antinatal attitudes but attended schools with strong ambivalent pregnancy attitudes had the highest odds of unintended pregnancy, highlighting that there might be something unique about conflicting environments that contributes to unintended pregnancy outcomes. These results demonstrate the importance of schools as a driver of disparities in unintended pregnancy outcomes and the need for continued research to understand how institutional spaces play a role in fertility outcomes.
RESTRuler: Towards Automatically Identifying Violations of RESTful Design Rules in Web APIs
Creators: name: Bogner, Justus
name: Kotstein, Sebastian
name: Abajirov, Daniel
name: Ernst, Timothy
name: Merkel, Manuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: RESTful APIs based on HTTP are one of the most important ways to make data and functionality available to applications and software services. However, the quality of the API design strongly impacts API understandability and usability, and many rules have been specified for this. While we have evidence for the effectiveness of many design rules, it is still difficult for practitioners to identify rule violations in their design. We therefore present RESTRuler, a Java-based open-source tool that uses static analysis to detect design rule violations in OpenAPI descriptions. The current prototype supports 14 rules that go beyond simple syntactic checks and partly rely on natural language processing. The modular architecture also makes it easy to implement new rules. To evaluate RESTRuler, we conducted a benchmark with over 2,300 public OpenAPI descriptions and asked 7 API experts to construct 111 complicated rule violations. For robustness, RESTRuler successfully analyzed 99% of the used real-world OpenAPI definitions, with some failing due to excessive size. For performance efficiency, the tool performed well for the majority of files and could analyze 84% in less than 23 seconds with low CPU and RAM usage. Lastly, for effectiveness, RESTRuler achieved a precision of 91% (ranging from 60% to 100% per rule) and recall of 68% (ranging from 46% to 100%). Based on these variations between rule implementations, we identified several opportunities for improvements. While RESTRuler is still a research prototype, the evaluation suggests that the tool is quite robust to errors, resource-efficient for most APIs, and shows good precision and decent recall. Practitioners can use it to improve the quality of their API design.
description: Accepted for publication at the 21st IEEE International Conference on Software Architecture (ICSA 2024)
MOESM1 of Higher adiponectin concentrations are associated with reduced metabolic syndrome risk independently of weight status in Brazilian adolescents
Creators: name: Sparrenberger, Karen
name: Sbaraini, Mariana
name: Cureau, Felipe
name: Teló, Gabriela
name: Bahia, Luciana
name: Schaan, Beatriz
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Values of sex and age-specific quartiles of adiponectin. ERICA 2013–2014 (n = 4546).
Unit Cost Estimation of Forest Offset Program Reflecting Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Deforestation
Creators: name: Bae, Jaesoo
name: Bae, Jaesoo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: deforestation
subject: forest offset program
subject: greenhouse gas

description: The Korean system of the forest offset program (compensation fund) legally mandates developers to pay ‘the cost of establishing new forest’, when forests are converted to other land uses. This system has generated about 100 billion Korean won (KRW) of tax revenue per year from 2003 to 2013 and is a significant revenue source for public forest management in Korea, which generally lacks financial resources otherwise. However, the current unit cost of establishing new forest does not consider a range of many direct and indirect losses of ecosystem services resulting from deforestation. The amount of greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation is one example of ecosystem services that are not currently included in the unit cost calculation, although it can be relatively simply and accurately estimated in a scientific way. This paper aims to examine ways the unit cost of establishing new forest is assessed, and projects the scale of additional national tax revenue, reflecting the real amount of greenhouse gas emissions resulting from deforestation and subsequent forest displacement. The value of carbon loss due to deforestation was estimated at 178~216 KRW per square meter, which is 5.3~10.2% of the imposed unit cost in 2014, 3,350 KRW. If the value of carbon loss is included, the offset program would bring about 21.4 billion KRW of additional revenue, which is 17.4% of total off-set revenue in 2013.
The effect of physical activity across the menstrual cycle on reproductive function
Creators: name: Vladutiu, Catherine J.
name: Ahrens, Katherine A.
name: Wactawski-Wende, Jean
name: Schliep, Karen C.
name: Mumford, Sunni L.
name: Perkins, Neil J.
name: Schisterman, Enrique F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: To evaluate the association between physical activity (PA) across the menstrual cycle and reproductive function.
A Roadmap to Control Penguin Effects in $B^0_d\to J/ψK_{\rm S}^0$ and $B^0_s\to J/ψϕ$
Creators: name: De Bruyn, Kristof
name: Fleischer, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurements of CP violation in $B^0_d\to J/ψK_{\rm S}^0$ and $B^0_s\to J/ψϕ$ decays play key roles in testing the quark-flavour sector of the Standard Model. The theoretical interpretation of the corresponding observables is limited by uncertainties from doubly Cabibbo-suppressed penguin topologies. With continuously increasing experimental precision, it is mandatory to get a handle on these contributions, which cannot be calculated reliably in QCD. In the case of the measurement of $\sin2β$ from $B^0_d\to J/ψK_{\rm S}^0$, the $U$-spin-related decay $B^0_s\to J/ψK_{\rm S}^0$ offers a tool to control the penguin effects. As the required measurements are not yet available, we use data for decays with similar dynamics and the $SU(3)$ flavour symmetry to constrain the size of the expected penguin corrections. We predict the CP asymmetries of $B^0_s\to J/ψK_{\rm S}^0$ and present a scenario to fully exploit the physics potential of this decay, emphasising also the determination of hadronic parameters and their comparison with theory. In the case of the benchmark mode $B^0_s\to J/ψϕ$ used to determine the $B^0_s$-$\bar B^0_s$ mixing phase $ϕ_s$ the penguin effects can be controlled through $B^0_d\to J/ψρ^0$ and $B^0_s\to J/ψ\bar{K}^{*0}$ decays. The LHCb collaboration has recently presented pioneering results on this topic. We analyse their implications and present a roadmap for controlling the penguin effects.
description: 34 pages, 16 figures, matching published version
Doing AI: Algorithmic decision support as a human activity
Creators: name: Meyer, Joachim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Algorithmic decision support (ADS), using Machine-Learning-based AI, is becoming a major part of many processes. Organizations introduce ADS to improve decision-making and use available data, thereby possibly limiting deviations from the normative "homo economicus" and the biases that characterize human decision-making. However, a closer look at the development and use of ADS systems in organizational settings reveals that they necessarily involve a series of largely unspecified human decisions. They begin with deliberations for which decisions to use ADS, continue with choices while developing and deploying the ADS, and end with decisions on how to use the ADS output in an organization's operations. The paper presents an overview of these decisions and some relevant behavioral phenomena. It points out directions for further research, which is essential for correctly assessing the processes and their vulnerabilities. Understanding these behavioral aspects is important for successfully implementing ADS in organizations.
The Hispanic Community Children's Health Study/Study of Latino Youth (SOL Youth): design, objectives, and procedures
Creators: name: Perreira, Krista
name: Isasi, Carmen R.
name: Bangdiwala, Shrikant I.
name: Arredondo, Elva
name: Kaplan, Robert C.
name: Himes, John H.
name: Van Horn, Linda
name: Eckfeldt, John H.
name: Delamater, Alan M.
name: Daviglus, Martha L.
name: Carnethon, Mercedes R.
name: Ayala, Guadalupe X.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: This paper describes the design and methodology of the SOL Youth study, a multicenter study of Hispanic/Latino children living in the US.
Clustering of vertically constrained passive particles in homogeneous, isotropic turbulence
Creators: name: De Pietro, Massimo
name: van Hinsberg, Michel A. T.
name: Biferale, Luca
name: Clercx, Herman J. H.
name: Perlekar, Prasad
name: Toschi, Federico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the dynamics of small particles vertically confined, by means of a linear restoring force, to move within a horizontal fluid slab in a three-dimensional (3D) homogeneous isotropic turbulent velocity field. The model that we introduce and study is possibly the simplest description for the dynamics of small aquatic organisms that, due to swimming, active regulation of their buoyancy, or any other mechanism, maintain themselves in a shallow horizontal layer below the free surface of oceans or lakes. By varying the strength of the restoring force, we are able to control the thickness of the fluid slab in which the particles can move. This allows us to analyze the statistical features of the system over a wide range of conditions going from a fully 3D incompressible flow (corresponding to the case of no confinement) to the extremely confined case corresponding to a two-dimensional slice. The background 3D turbulent velocity field is evolved by means of fully resolved direct numerical simulations. Whenever some level of vertical confinement is present, the particle trajectories deviate from that of fluid tracers and the particles experience an effectively compressible velocity field. Here, we have quantified the compressibility, the preferential concentration of the particles, and the correlation dimension by changing the strength of the restoring force. The main result is that there exists a particular value of the force constant, corresponding to a mean slab depth approximately equal to a few times the Kolmogorov length scale, that maximizes the clustering of the particles.
Nudging with Discounts: Evidence from Airline Ticket Purchases
Creators: name: Charles Blanton
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: This paper studies the effects of surprise discounts on purchase intentions of airline customers. I use a North American airline’s randomized controlled trial to estimate the effects of a 15 percent price discount on passenger responses using various observable passenger and flight factors. This paper maintains the notion that price discounts increase purchase intentions with positive average marginal effects across all customer types. Moreover, I identify heterogeneity in the behavioral responses to hidden price discounts. I incorporate the average marginal effects into a cost-benefit analysis to recommend the airline targets particular customer types with price discounts. Importantly, I show that the most responsive customers types are not the most profitable customer types.
“Fire and Be Damned”: An Analysis of Lead Bullets from Alamance Battleground State Historic Site (31MR397)
Creators: name: Mary Kate Mauney
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: Previous scholarly research on the Battle of Alamance has focused on historical documents to determine the timeline, movement of troops, and overall successes and failures of the militia and the Regulators. Little attention has been paid to the archaeological remains of the battleground. This thesis addresses the research gap through an artifact analysis that seeks to answer the question: How can the analysis of lead bullets at Alamance Battleground support and or challenge the historical record? Findings provide a more holistic and accurate picture of the events of the battle.
Search for narrow high-mass resonances in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV decaying to a Z and a Higgs boson
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first search for a narrow, high-mass resonance decaying into Z and Higgs (H) bosons is presented. The final state studied consists of a merged jet pair and a tau pair resulting from the decays of Z and H bosons, respectively. The analysis is based on a data sample of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV, collected with the CMS experiment in 2012, and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 inverse femtobarns. In the resonance mass range of interest, which extends from 0.8 to 2.5 TeV, the Z and H bosons are produced with large momenta, which implies that the final products of the two quarks or the two tau leptons must be detected within a small angular interval. From a combination of all possible decay modes of the tau leptons, production cross sections in a range between 0.9 and 27.8 fb are excluded at 95% confidence level, depending on the resonance mass.
description: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI
TREC: APT Tactic / Technique Recognition via Few-Shot Provenance Subgraph Learning
Creators: name: Lv, Mingqi
name: Gao, HongZhe
name: Qiu, Xuebo
name: Chen, Tieming
name: Zhu, Tiantian
name: Chen, Jinyin
name: Ji, Shouling
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: APT (Advanced Persistent Threat) with the characteristics of persistence, stealth, and diversity is one of the greatest threats against cyber-infrastructure. As a countermeasure, existing studies leverage provenance graphs to capture the complex relations between system entities in a host for effective APT detection. In addition to detecting single attack events as most existing work does, understanding the tactics / techniques (e.g., Kill-Chain, ATT&CK) applied to organize and accomplish the APT attack campaign is more important for security operations. Existing studies try to manually design a set of rules to map low-level system events to high-level APT tactics / techniques. However, the rule based methods are coarse-grained and lack generalization ability, thus they can only recognize APT tactics and cannot identify fine-grained APT techniques and mutant APT attacks. In this paper, we propose TREC, the first attempt to recognize APT tactics / techniques from provenance graphs by exploiting deep learning techniques. To address the "needle in a haystack" problem, TREC segments small and compact subgraphs covering individual APT technique instances from a large provenance graph based on a malicious node detection model and a subgraph sampling algorithm. To address the "training sample scarcity" problem, TREC trains the APT tactic / technique recognition model in a few-shot learning manner by adopting a Siamese neural network. We evaluate TREC based on a customized dataset collected and made public by our team. The experiment results show that TREC significantly outperforms state-of-the-art systems in APT tactic recognition and TREC can also effectively identify APT techniques.
description: accepted by CCS
AI4AOP - Artificial Intelligence for AOPs - Background and Overview
Creators: name: Wittwehr, Clemens
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Adverse Outcome Pathways
subject: artificial intelligence

description: The Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) development and assessment process is very time-consuming, as an enormous number of literature references need to be read, quality-checked, and assessed. Relevant content needs to be extracted, and the selected knowledge must be translated into KEs, KERs, and assembled into an AOP, and the AOP needs to be assessed and reviewed. The sheer effort required for humans to accomplish these tasks is often prohibitive, causing scientists to shy away from even considering developing an AOP. While the number of AOPs in the AOP-Wiki is still increasing and the AOP concept is now an established scientific concept, there is a risk that a critical mass of AOPs (which would herald a true paradigm shift in science) will not be reached unless a new approach supports a significant growth in AOP numbers.The main problem of the AOP Framework is its linear scaling: When 2 AOPs require 10 scientists (and reviewers), then 200 AOPs require 1000 scientists (and reviewers) – and this is not sustainable.It can be assumed that AI can support many aspects of the AOP development, assessment and review process.

AI4AOP will be an effort to explore the possibilities of using AI to support the key processes in the AOP domain. Ideally, a group of like-minded individuals will work together to leverage the power of AI to overcome the bottleneck of specialized expertise in creating a critical mass of AOPs.The group will form, will select topics to be treated and will agree on desired goals and deliverables. 

This slide deck is an introduction to the effort. It was first shown on 2024-10-30 during a meeting of the Society for the Advancement (SAAOP) Knowledgebase Interest Group (SKIG).
Joint constraints from cosmic shear, galaxy-galaxy lensing and galaxy clustering: internal tension as an indicator of intrinsic alignment modelling error
Creators: name: Samuroff, S.
name: Campos, A.
name: Porredon, A.
name: Blazek, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In cosmological analyses it is common to combine different types of measurement from the same survey. In this paper we use simulated DES Y3 and LSST Y1 data to explore differences in sensitivity to intrinsic alignments (IA) between cosmic shear and galaxy-galaxy lensing. We generate mock shear, galaxy-galaxy lensing and galaxy clustering data, contaminated with a range of IA scenarios. Using a simple 2-parameter IA model (NLA) in a DES Y3 like analysis, we show that the galaxy-galaxy lensing + galaxy clustering combination ($2\times2$pt) is significantly more robust to IA mismodelling than cosmic shear. IA scenarios that produce up to $5σ$ biases for shear are seen to be unbiased at the level of $\sim1σ$ for $2\times2$pt. We demonstrate that this robustness can be largely attributed to the redshift separation in galaxy-galaxy lensing, which provides a cleaner separation of lensing and IA contributions. We identify secondary factors which may also contribute, including the possibility of cancellation of higher-order IA terms in $2\times2$pt and differences in sensitivity to physical scales. Unfortunately this does not typically correspond to equally effective self-calibration in a $3\times2$pt analysis of the same data, which can show significant biases driven by the cosmic shear part of the data vector. If we increase the precision of our mock analyses to a level roughly equivalent to LSST Y1, we find a similar pattern, with considerably more bias in a cosmic shear analysis than a $2\times2$pt one, and significant bias in a joint analysis of the two. Our findings suggest that IA model error can manifest itself as internal tension between $ξ_\pm$ and $γ_t + w$ data vectors. We thus propose that such tension (or the lack thereof) can be employed as a test of model sufficiency or insufficiency when choosing a fiducial IA model, alongside other data-driven methods.
description: Accepted by OJA. 20 pages (excluding appendices). New version with updated funding acknowledgement. No other changes
title: Exploring wide crosses and derived crop biodiversity for climate resilience and food and nutrition security in Eastern and Southern Africa
title: Baseline and Needs Assessment Report
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Pali, Pamela
name: Wairegi, Lydia
name: Bombom, Alexander
name: Mcebisi, Maphosa
Publisher: name: ITPGRFA
Year: 2022
Subjects: ZWE
Underutilized crops
Crop diversity
Food security
UGA
PR-316
ITPGRFA-BSF
Women farmers
Production
Livelihoods
Climate Change
Farmers
Millet
Sorghum
Gender
Income
Food
Resilience
Markets

description: This report provides a baseline imnformation on sorghum and pearl millet productivity, agronomic and best practices in two countries in east and southern Africa: Uganda and Zimbabwe. In Uganda, the study districts were Adjumani and Arua in west Nile. In Zimbabwe, the study was conducted in the province of Matebeleland in the districts of Bulilima and Insiza. Two sub counties were selected per district in Uganda and Zimbabwe respectively. Several production and marketing characteristics and households’ variables were selected including household decision making on production aspects.

A total of 359 respondents participated in the baseline survey. Many of the crop farmers that were interviewed were women. The mean age of respondents was higher in Zimbabwe than in Uganda.

Major crops grown in Uganda include sorghum, cassava, and maize. In Zimbabwe, maize, sorghum, groundnuts and pearl millet were reported as major crops.

Several varieties of sorghum were preferred by farmers including improved varieties in Zimbabwe. The most commonly grown improved variety in Zimbabwe was Macia. In Uganda, the preferred sorghum improved varieties gown included SERENA and NAROSOG-2 while variety “GODO” was the preferred local variety. In conclusion, there is a potential to improve the production systems for sorghum, and millets in east and southern Africa because of the dual-purpose nature of the crops in question. Women predominantly grow these crops. The crops are valued for food and sale for income, which shows that sorghum and millets, are highly underutilized in the study sites. Furthermore, potential exists in the use of improved production methods for sorghum and millet with producers showing inclination to adopting and utilizing improved varieties.

 This baseline report was developed as part of the project “Exploring wide crosses derived crop biodiversity (sorghum x maize) for climate resilience and food and nutrition security in Eastern and Southern Africa” funded by the Benefit Sharing Fund (BSF) of the International Treaty of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA) of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (UN).
The Big Sky over Fair Land: The Influence of 20th Century American Environmental Discourse on A.B. Guthrie’s “Dick Summers” Western Trilogy
Creators: name: Foster, Benjamin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: A.B. Guthrie Jr. was a key figure in 20th-century Western genre writing and his Western sequence of six novels centers on humanity’s changing interaction with the environment of the American west. Across the three novels of the “Dick Summers trilogy”—The Big Sky (1947), The Way West (1949), and Fair Land, Fair Land (1982)—Guthrie follows the life of mountain man Dick Summers from the 1830s to the 1870s as he travels across the American west, teaching others the correct method of interaction with the environment. 

In Big Sky, Fair Land, Guthrie scholar David Petersen’s methodology analyzes Guthrie’s novels in isolation of historical context, focusing on prose, character, and dialogue. He argues that the overarching environmentalist theme across Guthrie’s trilogy is “excess via too-rapid growth.” Building upon the work of Petersen, this ecocritical thesis historicizes the evolving environmental philosophies of A.B. Guthrie that communicate themselves in the Dick Summers trilogy, identifying some of the major influences—thinkers, activists, politicians, and media—on his attitudes and beliefs.

Chapter 1 argues that the writing and public policy of John Muir and Gifford Pinchot shaped how, in The Big Sky, Guthrie internalizes the idea of individual environmental responsibility. Chapter 2 argues that in The Way West, Guthrie’s use of the pioneer community as a mythic ideal of community engagement with the environment is influenced by the environmental speeches of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt; furthermore, it argues that a comparison between Guthrie’s short story “On the Death of an Eagle” and Aldo Leopold’s essays in A Sand County Almanac demonstrates a shift within the environmental community away from an anthropocentric world view and towards one that is biocentric. Chapter 3 argues that the appropriation of environmentalist imagery by corporate America, exemplified by “The Crying Indian” TV advertising commercial campaign, and the anti-environmentalist policies of Secretary of the Interior James G. Watt prompted drastic tonal changes and a pessimistic ending in Fair Land, Fair Land.
Theoretical foundations of the Study of Latino (SOL) Youth: implications for obesity and cardiometabolic risk
Creators: name: Delamater, Alan M.
name: Arredondo, Elva
name: Bangdiwala, Shrikant I.
name: Carnethon, Mercedes
name: Santisteban, Daniel A.
name: Isasi, Carmen R.
name: Perreira, Krista
name: Ayala, Guadalupe X.
name: Eckfeldt, John H.
name: Himes, John H.
name: Van Horn, Linda
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: This article describes the conceptual model developed for the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latino Youth, a multisite epidemiologic study of obesity and cardiometabolic risk among U.S. Hispanic/Latino children.
title: Alegría rebelde and performance (c)art: A comparative (auto)ethnography of contemporary absurd performance practice amongst activists and socially committed artists in Buenos Aires and New York City
Creators: name: Sillitoe, Hugh
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: absurd, absurdist, absurdism, dada, dadaism, punk, anarchist, anarchism, pragmatic absurdo-anarchism, ethnography, autoethnography, New York City, Buenos Aires, activism, artivism, performance art, socially committed art

description: This is an interdisciplinary study of contemporary absurd performance practice amongst activists and socially committed artists in Buenos Aires and New York City primarily informed by sixteen months of comparative ethnographic fieldwork. It centrally seeks to identify the motivations that drive different absurd performance practices amongst activists and socially committed artists across different socio-political contexts. Following a brief, signposting introduction and outline of the key collectives worked with during fieldwork, this thesis begins with a consideration of how to define ‘the absurd’ and ‘absurd performance’. The new theoretical framework of pragmatic absurdo-anarchism is proposed via combined contemplation of absurdist metaphysical philosophy and anarchist political philosophy in continual conversation with both my personal autoethnographic performance experimentation and reflection upon my ethnographic observations of others in Buenos Aires and New York City. From here, a new definition of absurd performance is outlined centering upon exaggerated counter-normative transgression. Elaborating upon the insights of growing literature concerning direct ‘tactical performance’ (Bogad, 2016a; Shepard, 2011; Duncombe, 2016) in relation to my ethnographic data, the counterpoint of more oblique supra-tactical performance is conceptualized, as is a spectrum of (supra)tactical absurd performance possibilities between these two ideal types. An account of my comparative ethnographic methodology and how it contributes fresh insight to the study of this topic and to Performance Studies more broadly is followed by a distillation of the key cultural and political characteristics of Buenos Aires and New York City that were observed to be influential upon absurd performance practices. Reporting and analysis of ethnographic data is then split into two primary sections. The first substantiates earlier theoretical claims by exploring the ideological underpinnings of different (supra)tactical orientations of absurd performance between those defining as activists and those defining as artists in each fieldsite. The second illustrates how the particular socio-political histories and actualities of Buenos Aires and New York City differently restrict and enable different forms of absurd performance. Here the need is outlined for further cross-cultural research on this topic in order to continue to fill the gaps in knowledge left behind by the ethnocentric over-concentration on Western activist case studies within the currently dominant academic literature.
The recent dynamical history of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
Creators: name: Maquet, Lucie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents the past evolution of the orbital elements of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, target of the Rosetta spacecraft. The gravitational orbit of the comet is affected by the sublimation of ice from the nucleus that triggers non-gravitational forces. The comet also experienced several close encounters with Jupiter especially in 1959 and 1923 (less than 1 AU). These perturbations cause the chaoticity of the comet orbit at short time scale. The goal of this paper is to have a precise idea of the comet recent dynamical history. This is done in studying the mean trends of the comet orbital elements and also in characterizing its chaotic motion with the Fast Lyapunov indicator. To compute these mean trends, two sets (considering or not the non-gravitational forces) of 1000 clone orbits of the comet were considered. This paper shows that the last close encounter with Jupiter on February $4^{\text{th}}$, 1959 drastically modified the orbital elements of the comet (especially the perihelion distance from more than 2.7 AU prior the encounter to 1.3 AU after the encounter). The motion of the comet is also shown to be chaotic before the close encounter with Jupiter on October $2^{\text{nd}}$, 1923. The mean trends of the orbital elements of the comet are also presented in this paper (for two time scales : 275 years in the past and 10,000 years in the past).
Isovolumetric and isoperimetric problems for a class of capillarity functionals
Creators: name: Caldiroli, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Capillarity functionals are parameter invariant functionals defined on classes of two-dimensionals parametric surfaces in R3 as the sum of the area integral with an anisotropic term of suitable form. In the class of parametric surfaces with the topological type of S2 and with fixed volume, extremals of capillarity functionals are surfaces whose mean curvature is prescribed up to a constant. For a certain class of anisotropies vanishing at infinity, we prove existence and nonexistence of volume- constrained, S2-type, minimal surfaces for the corresponding capillarity functionals. Moreover, in some cases, we show existence of extremals for the full isoperimetric inequality.
description: 27 pages
Engagement as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Motivation and Academic Achievement
Creators: name: Rachel Niemira
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: Most researchers have studied self-regulated learning (SRL) in contrived lab settings or during brief windows of time, but SRL is temporal, sequential, and adaptive, meaning that it is best understood in situ, over an extended period of time. However, there are few research studies of SRL in this longitudinal context. Researchers have found that motivation is a strong predictor of academic achievement, but there are other variables that may play a role in this relationship.  In the present study, I conducted secondary data analysis on a large-scale dataset, collected from undergraduate biology students who participated in a semester-long study that monitored course progress. Specifically, I ran mediation analyses to determine whether engagement acts as a mediator in the relationship between motivation and academic achievement. The results suggested that engagement acts as a partial mediator between motivation and academic achievements for students who reported high levels of mastery and performance approach motivation goals. Additionally, findings suggested that early semester engagement may be an indicator of final exam performance. In the future, researchers might further investigate the role of engagement behaviors in SRL, as well as its relationship to motivation.
Temperature Field Validation on Supercritical Coaxial Injection
Creators: name:  L. MAGALHAES
Publisher: name: Proceedings of  the 9th European Conference for Aerospace Sciences. Lille, France, 27 June - 1 July, 2022
Year: 2022
Subjects: PROPULSION PHYSICS
LIQUID ROCKET ENGINE
COMBUSTION
MODELIZATION

description: Supported on experimental data from techniques such as Raman scattering and shadowgraphy, quantitative data on the behavior of mixtures at supercritical conditions is restricted to density [1], leaving the validation of the temperature field as predicted by numerical solvers an open question in the literature, for single and coaxial injection configurations, characteristics of those commonly encountered in liquid propelled rocket engines. Furthermore, given that at such conditions, non-linear thermodynamic behaviors of the various thermophysical parameters are recorded; particularly a variation of a couple of Kelvin can correspond to a significant variation in density, associated with the phenomenon of pseudoboiling can contribute to discrepancies between experiments and computations in terms of the axial density distributions reported. In the proposed manuscript, we intend to carry out numerical modeling efforts into the description of coaxial nitrogen injection into a quiescent nitrogen environment for which experimental measurements are available in the literature [2], resulting in the availability of radial temperature profiles obtained through the measurement with a thermocouple. Measurements for conditions described as \"subcritical\", \"near-critical\", and \"supercritical\" and the initial promising results we have already obtained will allow us to validate the temperature field in conditions similar to those we have dealt with in the past [3] while extending the numerical solver to a broader range of regimes and conditions. Lastly, we expect that the validation of the temperature field, which requires more rigor, than for instance, density, due to the non-linearities associated with supercritical fluid flow behavior will provide further justification for the hypothesis of incompressible but variable-density flow as an alternative to the commonly encountered in the literature fully compressible formulations. [1] W. Mayer, J. Telaar, R. Branam, G. Schneider, and J. Hussong. Raman measurements of cryogenic injection at supercritical pressure. Heat and Mass Transfer, 39(8-9):709719, 2002. [2] D. W. Davis and B. Chehroudi. Measurements in an Acoustically Driven Coaxial Jet under Sub-, Near-, and Supercritical Conditions. Journal of Propulsion and Power, 23(2):364374, mar 2007. [2] L. B. Magalhaes, A. R. R. Silva, and J. M. M. Barata. Contribution to the Physical Description of Supercritical Cold Flow Injection: The Case of Nitrogen. Acta Astronautica, 190:251260, jan 2022.
title: Η τιμολόγηση του νερού και της αποχέτευσης στην Ελλάδα: μια συγκριτική ανάλυση σε σχέση με άλλες χώρες στην Ευρώπη και πολιτείες των ΗΠΑ
title: A comparative analysis of water and sewage pricing in Greece versus other European countries and selected states in the USA
Creators: name: Σταμπολακης Αντωνιος
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2020

description:  Παρουσιάζεται η πολιτική τιμολόγησης των υδάτων στην Ελλάδα, σε χώρες τις Ευρώπης και των ΗΠΑ, η οποία καταλήγει σε συγκριτική ανάλυση μεταξύ τους και απαντάει εάν το νερό στην χώρα μας είναι φθηνότερο σε σχέση με την Ευρώπη και τις ΗΠΑ.
description: The project presents the water pricing policy in Greece, in European countries and the USA, which results in a comparative analysis between them and answers if the water in our country is cheaper than in Europe and the USA.
Additional file 1 of Engineering Cupriavidus necator H16 for enhanced lithoautotrophic poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) production from CO2
Creators: name: Kim, Soyoung
name: Jang, Yong Jae
name: Gong, Gyeongtaek
name: Lee, Sun-Mi
name: Um, Youngsoon
name: Kim, Kyoung Heon
name: Ko, Ja Kyong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Transcriptional changes of genes involved in metabolism of cbbR and regA-overexpressing strain. Table S2. Primers used in this work. Figure S1. PHB accumulation of the control and cbbR/regA overexpressed strains with the different initial optical densities of 0.2 and 2 under nitrogen-limited conditions (0.2 g/L of (NH4)2SO4) at 24 h and 168 h during the autotrophic culture. The gene of interest was induced by adding 0.2% (w/v) of l-arabinose at 24 h of the autotrophic culture. The C. necator H16 strain harboring pBAD empty vector was used as a control. The data represent the means of duplicate or triplicate experiments.