Glaphyrosoma Brunner von Wattenwyl 1888
Creators: name: Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.
name: Monzón-Sierra, José
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Orthoptera
Chorotypidae
Glaphyrosoma

description: Glaphyrosoma Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888
Comments. The following genera of the Anostostomatidae are found in North and Central America: Glaphyrosoma and Cnemotettix Caudell, 1916 (Glaphyrosomatini), Anabropsis Rehn, 1901 (Anabropsini), Lutosa, Walker, 1869 and Neolutosa Gorochov, 2001 (Lutosini). Glaphyrosoma can be separated from these other genera by the following characters: in general with all the previously mentioned genera (except Cnemotettix) it does not have subapical spines on the dorsal surface of the foretibiae and of a feather-like relief of the outer surface of hind femora (Gorochov & Cadena-Castañeda, 2016) and poorly developed prosternal spines. Cnemotettix does not have tympani in the first pair of tibiae, setigerous body and sternal tubercle present. Glaphyrosoma has tympani in both sides of anterior tibiae, smooth body and the sternal tubercle absent. Both genera also have different chromatic patterns. Glaphyrosoma has different tones of brown and Cnemotettix tan or greyish brown and frequently with two distinct longitudinal stripes (Rentz & Weissman, 1973).
The males of Glaphyrsosoma have the ninth abdominal tergite as in Anabropsini and Brachyporini (with a pair of widely separated posterior lobules), but hooks of the tenth abdominal tergite are located very near each other (Gorochov & Cadena-Castañeda, 2016). The paraprocts in the males of Anabropsis are cylindrical and without modifications; in Glaphyrosoma they are usually short and with modifications from expanded with additional prolongations or slender and sharp apex. The species of Glaphyrosoma are totally apterous and in Anabropsis they have all types of wing development but never apterous, there are macropterous, brachypterous, micropterous or subapterous (with tegumentary folds, in nymphal position).
The Lutosini, as with the Glaphyrosomatini, are generally confusing and difficult to separate from one another. This is mainly because both have a very similar habitus and they lack wings (or evidence of them) and they are usually found in very similar habitats. In Mexico there are two species in the genus Lutosa and they are in a doubtful status. L. azteca (Saussure & Pictet, 1897) was originally described as Glaphyrosoma and we have no data on current type location (Hollier, 2011), The syntype may be lost. L. obliqua (Walker, 1869) was originally described in Licodia Walker, 1869, without locality data but Karny (1937) wrote that the species was found in Mexico (although this statement was made without examining specimens other than the syntype which is deposited in London). We currently surmise Lutosa does not occur in Central America as current records are doubtful, nevertheless, here we compare it with Glaphyrosoma. South American members of Lutosa are distinguished because some species have sclerotized projections in the latero-distal angles or “armature in the subgenital plate” (absent in species of Glaphyrosomatini) (Morselli, 2010). The male genitalia also differs in that there are sclerotizations in the titillator´s sclerite and lateral sclerite of titillator (genitalia on Glaphyrosoma is membranous and without denticulate sclerotizations). The ovipositors in South American Lutosa are uniformly curved, slender and with sharp apex. In Central America there is only one species of Neolutosa and is known from only one female, without precise locality. This genus is very similar to Lutosa differing mainly by the paired lobes in the males tenth tergite that covers epiproct base and is provided with hooks at the apex, and the emarginated posterior edge of females subgenital plate (Gorochov, 2001). For this reason Neolutosa can be distinguished from Glaphyrosoma by the same characters given for Lutosa and the additional characters that differentiate Neolutosa.
With the changes and description of new species, the distribution of Glaphyrosoma is delimited from northeast Mexico to Honduras. We provide a map with the current knowledge of the species distribution in the genus and exclude doubtful records (Map 1).
description: Published as part of Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. & Monzón-Sierra, José, 2017, Studies in Guatemalan Ensifera: New Glaphyrosoma species (Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae) and additional data for other described species, pp. 548-564 in Zootaxa 4242 (3) on pages 549-550, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4242.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/376959