cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Are Hummingbirds Facultatively Ammonotelic?: Nitrogen Excretion and Requirements as a Function of Body Size
Creators: name: McWhorter, T. J.
name: Powers, D. R.
name: Del Rio, Carlos Martinez
Publisher: name: University of Wyoming. Libraries
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Zoology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Most birds are uricotelic. An exception to this rule may be nectar-feeding birds, which excrete significant amounts of ammonia under certain conditions. Although ammonia is toxic, because it is highly water soluble its excretion may be facilitated in animals that ingest and excrete large amounts of water. Bird-pollinated plants secrete carbohydrate- and water-rich floral nectars that contain exceedingly little protein. Thus, nectar-feeding birds are faced with the dual challenge of meeting nitrogen requirements while disposing of large amounts of water. The peculiar diet of nectar-feeding birds suggests two hypotheses: (1) these birds must have low protein requirements, and (2) when they ingest large quantities of water their primary nitrogen excretion product may be ammonia. To test these hypotheses, we measured maintenance nitrogen requirements (MNR) and total endogenous nitrogen losses (TENL) in three hummingbird species (Archilochus alexandri, Eugenes fulgens, and Lampornis clemenciae) fed on diets with varying sugar, protein, and water content. We also quantified the form in which the by-products of nitrogen metabolism were excreted. The MNR and TENL of the hummingbirds examined were exceptionally low. However, no birds excreted more than 50% of nitrogen as ammonia or more nitrogen as ammonia than urates. Furthermore, ammonia excretion was not influenced by either water or protein intake. The smallest species (A. alexandri) excreted a significantly greater proportion (>25%) of their nitrogenous wastes as ammonia than the larger hummingbirds (≈4%). Our results support the hypothesis that nectar-feeding birds have low protein requirements but cast doubt on the notion that they are facultatively ammonotelic. Our data also hint at a possible size-dependent dichotomy in hummingbirds, with higher ammonia excretion in smaller species. Differences in proportionate water loads and/or postrenal modification of urine may explain this dichotomy.
Thorogobius ephippiatus
Creators: name: Bariche, Michel
name: Fricke, Ronald
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Perciformes
Gobiidae
Thorogobius
Thorogobius ephippiatus

description: Thorogobius ephippiatus (Lowe 1839) —Leopard goby
Taxonomy. First record from Lebanon as Thorogobius ephippiatus by Aguillar et al. (2018: 83). An earlier record from a specimen filmed by scuba divers in 2012 off Tripoli at 123 m depth.
Distribution. Mediterranean Sea, Sea of Marmara, eastern Atlantic: Norway south to Morocco, including Madeira and Canary Islands.
Conservation. IUCN: Global (LC: 13 March 2014); Med. (LC: 16 November 2007). Capture and threats: Unknown. Occurrence: Rare. Low priority for conservation action.
description: Published as part of Bariche, Michel & Fricke, Ronald, 2020, The marine ichthyofauna of Lebanon: an annotated checklist, history, biogeography, and conservation status, pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 4775 (1) on pages 72-73, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4775.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3983887
Perceived party differences, election outcomes, and satisfaction with democracy
Creators: name: Ridge, Hannah M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Multiple studies have identified a significant gap between electoral winners’ satisfaction with the functioning of their democracy and electoral losers’ satisfaction. This disparity is attributed to the diverging policies the parties would enact. For this to be true, citizens must perceive true differences among the parties. Using thirty-one post-election surveys from twenty-five countries, this study finds that the win-loss satisfaction gap is conditioned by the perceived differences among the political parties in the democracy. The effect of winning or losing on citizens’ satisfaction is significantly larger when citizens identify greater differences among the parties. This effect is driven by the difference in impact among citizens perceiving major differences among the parties. The differential effect underscores the importance of understanding citizens’ perceptions of the parties in their democracy and contributes to researchers’ knowledge of influences on democratic attitudes at a time when scholars are concerned about democratic decline.
Clientelism and ideological competition: the impact on ideological overlapping
Creators: name: Barreda, Mikel
name: Otero-Felipe, Patricia
name: Rodríguez, Leticia M. Ruiz
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Clientelism is a widespread and persistent practice in Latin America with significant ramifications for political actors and systems. This paper analyses its impact upon ideological overlapping, which is one of the aspects of ideological competition that has received disparate levels of attention depending on the region of study. The hypothesis examined is that clientelism reduces the ideological differentiation of political parties because, firstly, a clientelist environment makes it difficult for political actors to use left/right categories, thereby contributing to a reduction in parties’ ideological identities. Secondly, the use of clientelist practices by parties fosters ideological overlapping with other parties, given the lack of incentives for them to differentiate themselves ideologically from one another. To test this relationship, a multilevel regression analysis was performed of 86 Latin American parties since 2009.
Negative magnetoresistance of γ-Fe2O3 observed in γ-Fe2O3/Ag granular nanocomposites
Creators: name: Tang, Jinke
name: Feng, Li
name: Wiemann, Joan A.
Publisher: name: University of Wyoming. Libraries
Year: 1999
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

description: The magnetoresistance of (γ-Fe2O3)xAg100-x (x=50–90), a granular system where insulating magnetic nanoparticles and nonmagnetic metal are intimately mixed, has been studied at room temperature. For high silver concentration (x≤70), samples are metallic and exhibit ordinary positive magnetoresistance. Below the percolation threshold, which is 11.4 vol% of silver (x=71), samples are insulators. Our data suggest that direct tunneling between silver grains across γ-Fe2O3 barriers dominates at low temperature and variable range hopping becomes the main transport mechanism at high temperature. The variable range hopping within γ-Fe2O3 is believed to be associated with the presence of Fe21 impurities which is determined by Mössbauer spectroscopy. Negative magnetoresistance up to -2% is found in (γ-Fe2O3)xAg100-x (x≥72) in an applied field of 10 kOe at room temperature. It is proposed that the observed negative magnetoresistance is due to the field-dependent hopping rate of electrons from Fe2+ to Fe3+ which is enhanced due to the alignment of their moments by an applied magnetic field.
The personality is political (especially for populists)
Creators: name: Ortega, Alberto López
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Are elections becoming personality contests? A growing literature is concerned about the increasing personalization of politics and its democratic consequences. This paper argues that part of the phenomenon is due to voters using politicians’ personalities to infer their party and valence and that voters of populist parties are especially able in this inferential task. Using a varying conjoint experiment in Spain, the author certainly finds evidence that the importance of personality decreases when voters learn both about candidates’ party and valence and that this mediating effect is especially relevant for Vox and UP voters. These results dispel concerns about the irrationality of today's politics by showing that the independent effect of personality is minimal and suggesting that populist voters efficiently use the personality of politicians to infer classical vote determinants.
Mining Electronic Health Records: Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Hospital Patient Trajectories
Creators: name: Madhobi, Kaniz Fatema
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Electronic Health Records

description: The widespread use of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) in the healthcare systems has resulted in a massive amount of patient specific information in digitally archived form. It has opened a door of opportunities for research communities to facilitate clinical studies and improve healthcare quality. Mining meaningful information from this data is challenging due to its inherent complex, noisy nature. In this dissertation, we present our research efforts to overcome some of the challenges associated with mining insight from health records.
description: In the first part of the dissertation, we present a visual analytics framework to track patient trajectories. We extract the trajectories from medical records and visualize how a variable for example, antibiotic usage, evolves over time along the patients stay in the hospital. In the second part, we analyze patients contact pattern i.e. which patients came in close proximity during their hospital visit. This is particularly important in infectious disease modeling. Finally, in the third part we develop a predictive model to learn from patients trajectories and predict two outcomes simultaneously namely predict patients next unit label and predict how many days the patient will stay in the hospital. Utilizing this approach can aid in clinical decision support and lead to overall improved healthcare planning.
Offstream water and trace mineral salt as management strategies for improved cattle distribution
Creators: name: Porath, M. L.
name: Momont, P. A.
name: DelCurto, T.
name: Rimbey, N. R.
name: Tanaka, John A.
name: McInnis, M.
Publisher: name: University of Wyoming. Libraries
Year: 2024
Subjects: Behavior
Distribution
Grazing
Livestock
Riparian Grassland
Water
Life Sciences

description: The objective of this study was to test the combined effect of offstream water and trace mineral salt on cattle distribution in a riparian meadow and its adjacent uplands. From July 15 to August 26, 1996 and 1997, three treatments were each randomly assigned to one pasture in each of three blocks. Sixty cow/calf pairs were then randomly allotted to the grazed pastures. The treatments included 1) stream access and access to offstream water and trace-mineral salt (offstream), 2) stream access and no access to offstream water or trace-mineral salt (no-offstream), and 3) ungrazed control. The response of cattle was measured through visual observations of cattle distribution, grazing activity and travel distance, cow/calf performance, and fecal deposit distribution. Distribution patterns of the cattle, measured as the distance of cattle from the stream, was characterized by a time of day × treatment × time in grazing period × year interaction (P < 0.05). No-offstream cattle began the day further from the stream than offstream cattle but consistently moved closer to the stream after the morning grazing period (0600 to 0900). Differences in distribution patterns between the two treatments were more pronounced early in the grazing period than late in the grazing period. Grazing activity, fecal deposit distribution, and travel distance of cattle were not affected by the presence of offstream water and trace-mineral salt. Cows and calves with offstream water and trace-mineral salt gained 11.5 kg and 0.14 kg/d more, respectively, than no-offstream cows and calves averaged across years (P < 0.05). Overall, cattle distribution patterns and cow/ calf performance were influenced by the presence of offstream water and trace-mineral salt. Changes in distribution were most pronounced early in the grazing season.
A qualitative exploration of the business of prior learning at public four-year regional universities
Creators: name: Phillips, Kristen Leanne
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2022
Subjects: academic capitalism
adult learners
credit for prior learning
enrollment management
prior learning assessments
public colleges and universities

description: This study collected and examined the believes, opinions, and perceptions of Prior Learning Assessment (PLA) at three public universities in Washington and Oregon. This study used a qualitative multiple case study design and provided the opportunity to compare data collected on each campus and also across the three campuses collectively. Through semi-structured interviews, non-academic and academic leaders were asked to share their beliefs, opinions, and perceptions of PLA. Academic capitalism was as a conceptual framework to critically examine and evaluate PLA practices of each campus. The findings of this study provided useful insight for other public four-year colleges and universities that are or considering implementing some form of PLA as a tactic to recruit adult learners.
Zebrus zebrus zebrus (Risso 1827
Creators: name: Bariche, Michel
name: Fricke, Ronald
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Perciformes
Gobiidae
Zebrus
Zebrus zebrus

description: Zebrus zebrus (Risso 1827) —Zebra goby
Taxonomy. First record from Lebanon as Gobius zebrus Risso 1826 by George et al. (1964: 23); subsequently recorded as Zebrus zebrus (Risso) by Mouneimné (1977: 65); as Zebrus zebrus (Risso 1826) by Mouneimné (2002: 221).
Distribution. Mediterranean Sea, Sea of Marmara and Black Sea.
Conservation. IUCN: Global (LC: 13 March 2014); Med. (NE). Capture and threats: Unknown. Occurrence: Very rare. Low priority for conservation action.
description: Published as part of Bariche, Michel & Fricke, Ronald, 2020, The marine ichthyofauna of Lebanon: an annotated checklist, history, biogeography, and conservation status, pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 4775 (1) on page 73, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4775.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3983887
Social conformity or attitude persistence? The bandwagon effect and the spiral of silence in a polarized context
Creators: name: Farjam, Mike
name: Loxbo, Karl
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: This study examines whether and to what extent the bandwagon effect and the spiral of silence impact opinion formation in a polarized context, where individuals tend to be persistent in their policy attitudes. Focusing on contentious policy issues at the heart of the culture war in American politics, our aim is to study the relative importance of attitude persistence and social conformity in the opinion-formation process, and how these responses depend on individuals’ ideological commitments. We conducted an experimental study of US citizens, where participants donated money to organizations advocating opposed positions on seven of the most contentious issues in American politics. Utilizing the presentation of opinion polls as a treatment, the findings are threefold. First, we show that polls cause ideologically moderate people to abandon the minority and conform to the majority opinion regardless of the issue at stake. By contrast, we show that attitude persistence prevails among ideologically extreme people. Second, we demonstrate that seeing polls generally demobilizes people with minority views. Third, we find that opinion-conversion and demobilization jointly undermine minority opinions, while only a small minority of extremists repels both mechanisms. These findings have important implications for research on opinion formation in today's polarized political landscape.
A hybrid deep-machine learning approach for predicting environmentally responsive transgenerational differential DNA methylated regions (epimutations) in the genome
Creators: name: Mavaie, Pegah
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Deep learning
Machine Learning

description: With the progress of Machine Learning (ML) in the past few decades, ML has become a prominent solution for different applications. Representing data with the most informative set of features is essential for learning accurate models. In many datasets, this process can be labor-intensive and requires the user to have enough background knowledge about the domain to select relevant features. Deep learning (DL) as a part of machine learning has improved the predictive model performance since the early 2000s by automatically extracting, analyzing, and understanding useful information directly from the raw data. While DL allows automatic feature extraction from raw data, it requires a large amount of data and significant hyperparameter tuning. To overcome these challenges, we propose a hybrid model. In the hybrid model a DL component is used to extract features from the data and the ML component is used for the final prediction. The model uses XGBoost to deal more effectively with imbalanced data using the boosting process and reduce the need for hyper-parameter tuning. Additionally, the hybrid model allows the visualization of sequence motifs corresponding to the extracted features and the ranking of the importance of these features for the prediction task. A systematic analysis of the hybrid model is performed to identify the best settings in terms of the size of the deep network and the layer from which to extract features.
description: The hybrid model was developed in the context of a particular target application, i.e., the identification of regions in the genome with susceptibility to differentially DNA methylated regions (DMRs) due to exposure to environmental toxicants. Results show that the proposed hybrid model outperforms DL alone and ML alone for DMR epimutation prediction. The hybrid model is also used to identify unique exposure-specific transgenerational DMR epimutations and disease-specific DMR epimutations due to ancestral exposure to environmental toxicants. In addition to results on the target domain, the hybrid model is evaluated on several other domains, particularly on low-volume, high-dimensional datasets.
Migrants’ intention to vote in two countries, one country, or neither
Creators: name: de Reguero, Sebastián Umpierrez
name: Finn, Victoria
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: While most electoral behavior affects politics in just one political community, migrant voters may affect turnout rates in two: the countries of origin and residence. Considering this context, we evaluate individual-level intentions to vote in national elections, as an emigrant for origin-country elections and as an immigrant in the residence country. Examining South-South migrants, our dataset comprises 1,477 respondents from an online survey during Chile’s 2017 presidential election; 94.7% are from Latin American countries, meaning most also hold external voting rights. Chile automatically registers immigrants in the electorate for multilevel elections after a five-year residence; we find many respondents are ill-informed about this, but those who know they can vote show higher probabilities of being an immigrant voter (they vote only in the residence country) or a dual transnational voter (they vote in both countries). Being interested in politics also increases the decision to vote in not just one but two countries. Longer intention to stay increases immigrant and dual transnational voting, while decreases emigrant voting. We also find that high self-reported discrimination is conducive to participating only in origin-country elections.
Pomadasys incisus
Creators: name: Bariche, Michel
name: Fricke, Ronald
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Perciformes
Haemulidae
Pomadasys
Pomadasys incisus

description: Pomadasys incisus (Bowdich 1825) —Bastard grunt
Taxonomy. First record from Lebanon as Pomadasys incisus (Bowdich 1825) by George et al. (1964: 17); subsequently recorded as Pomadasys bennetti (Lowe) by Mouneimné (1977: 63); as Pomadasys bennetti (Lowe 1841) by Mouneimné (2002: 158–159). Material in collection: ANSP, BMNH, USNM and YPM.
Distribution. Mediterranean Sea, eastern Atlantic: Northwestern Spain to Angola; offshore islands including Madeira.
Conservation. IUCN: Global (LC: 4 February 2009); Med. (LC: 14 November 2007). Capture and threats: FIT, FIB, HAB, NIS, Unknown. Occurrence: Common. Low priority for conservation action.
description: Published as part of Bariche, Michel & Fricke, Ronald, 2020, The marine ichthyofauna of Lebanon: an annotated checklist, history, biogeography, and conservation status, pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 4775 (1) on page 73, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4775.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3983887
title: A chance to win or lose it all? A systematic literature review on the consequences of natural disasters for governments
Creators: name: Kindsmüller, Anna
Publisher: name: University of Muenster, Institutional Repository MIAMI
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 330 Economics

description: Natural disasters, which usually abruptly cause severe harm and cost lives, have been shown to affect governmental popularity by sometimes leading to additional governmental popularity and sometimes to a loss of popularity. By considering the various theoretical propositions and empirical findings about this nexus together in a systematic review, here we pinpoint which factors determine whether a government gains or loses popularity after a natural disaster. The review shows that a government's operational and symbolic reactions increase the governmental popularity after a natural disaster but suggest that symbolic actions do so more strongly. On the contrary, in a society with significant political knowledge, a government has fewer opportunities to increase their popularity when using only symbolic means or cheap talk.
On pins and needles: anxiety, politics and the 2020 U.S. Presidential election
Creators: name: Smith, Kevin
name: Weinschenk, Aaron
name: Panagopoulos, Costas
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biotechnology
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: Contemporary U.S. politics is characterized by a high degree of political polarization and conflict. Consequently, scholars have become increasingly interested in understanding how political factors and events impact different dimensions of health, such as anxiety. Using data from a nationally-representative, two-wave panel survey conducted before and after the 2020 U.S. presidential election, we develop a measure of political anxiety and examine how levels of political anxiety changed following the election. In general, we find that levels of political anxiety decreased following the presidential election. We then examine individual-level factors that influence post-election levels of political anxiety. Those who are highly politically engaged, interested in politics, and who score highly on negative emotionality felt more political anxiety than their counterparts after the election. Those who voted for Donald Trump, conservatives, and African Americans reported feeling less political anxiety than their counterparts following the election. Our findings regarding vote choice and ideology are somewhat surprising in light of previous research on the impact of electoral loss. We conclude with a discussion of what might be driving some of our counterintuitive results and provide ideas for future research.
Mesozoic Basin Development and Tectonic Evolution of the Dabieshan Orogenic Belt, Central China
Creators: name: Liu, S. F.
name: Heller, Paul
name: Zhang, G. W.
Publisher: name: University of Wyoming. Libraries
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Dabieshan
subject: China
subject: foreland basin
subject: rift basin
subject: Mesozoic
subject: orogeny
subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: The Dabieshan orogenic belt is a zone of long-lived shortening with late-stage extension that formed during Mesozoic time in central China. Regional basin analysis coupled with structural cross sections provides a means of reconstructing the paleogeography of the region from Triassic continental collision through early Tertiary extension. The overall distribution of different basin types in the orogenic belt indicates that there was a prolonged period of shortening throughout the Mesozoic that became less intense over time. Meanwhile, extension became more common from Jurassic into Tertiary time. Either compression or extension was isochronous but limited to different geographic regions and/or crustal levels or alternated repeatedly orogen-wide through time. Nonetheless, the orogen underwent gradual transition from overall shortening and crustal thickening to dominantly extension and rift basin formation although these events overlapped in time from the Jurassic through Early Cretaceous. Penecontemporaneous compression and extension across the orogen may reflect long-term (>100 m.y.) shortening and crustal thickening leading to gravitational spreading of the resultant thick crustal welt. We suspect that this prolonged history of shortening across two nearby (~100 km apart) suture zones played some role in the exhumation of ultrahigh-pressure rocks from beneath the Dabieshan.
Tetrapturus belone Rafinesque, Tripoli 1810
Creators: name: Bariche, Michel
name: Fricke, Ronald
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Perciformes
Istiophoridae
Tetrapturus
Tetrapturus belone

description: Tetrapturus belone Rafinesque 1810 —Mediterranean spearfish
Taxonomy. New record from Lebanon, based on several photos of adult individuals landed from various parts offshore Lebanon (4 May 2014; 2 December 2014, 3 September 2017, 6 November 2017, 10 November 2017, 7 November 2018), including juveniles (1 m TL, 3 September 2017).
Distribution. Mediterranean Sea endemic.
Conservation. IUCN: Global (LC: 26 January 2015); Med. (LC: 17 September 2010). Capture and threats: FIB, Unknown. Occurrence: Rare. Low priority for conservation action.
description: Published as part of Bariche, Michel & Fricke, Ronald, 2020, The marine ichthyofauna of Lebanon: an annotated checklist, history, biogeography, and conservation status, pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 4775 (1) on page 73, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4775.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3983887
Voting for a woman: ideology and gendered candidate choice in Finland
Creators: name: Helimäki, Theodora
name: Sipinen, Josefina
name: Söderlund, Peter
name: von Schoultz, Åsa
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: This study contributes to the literature on gendered candidate choice by investigating how voters’ ideological positions on both the socioeconomic left–right and the cultural GAL–TAN dimensions are associated with support for women candidates, and how these associations play out among women and men voters. The study is situated in the open-list proportional electoral system (OLPR) of Finland, where voters are obliged to cast a vote for a single candidate from a large selection of nominees and where women have a strong presence in the political sphere. We use unique data on voters’ self-reported candidate choice from two Finnish post-election studies in 2011 and 2019. The results show that a majority of both men and women voters tend to engage in same-gender voting, meaning that women voters are more inclined to cast a vote for women candidate than men voters are. We further show that the two ideological dimensions have different connections for men and women voters. While women voters’ propensity to support women candidates is connected to their position on the left–right dimension, but not to the GAL–TAN dimension, the opposite holds for men voters.
title: Justice Reinvestment and Mass Incarceration
title: a Multi-State Evaluation of Policy Reform on Prison Populations
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Dollar, Chrsitopher W.
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2023
Subjects: JUSTICE REINVESTMENT
MASS INCARCERATION
POLICY REFORM
PRISON
TIMESERIES

description: Justice reinvestment has often been hailed as a solution to mass incarceration in the United States for nearly 20 years. It suggests that inefficiencies in the criminal justice system can be eliminated to reinvest money in high-incarceration communities to reduce the correlates of crime. During the last two decades the federal government has promoted the Justice Reinvestment Initiative (JRI), a technical assistance program to help states implement reinvestment programs. However, much of the literature does not substantially detail what kinds of reforms have been passed in these programs. Additionally, these programs have been touted in technical reports as having been successful, yet little evidence has been reported in peer reviewed formats. Further, substantial doubt has been cast on the methodologies of some reports that claim justice reinvestment is successful at reducing prison populations. This study seeks to answer two questions: do the JRI states have differing legislative focuses; and has reinvestment legislation produced significant changes in criminal justice populations within individual states? One state from each U.S. Census region were selected based on their year of Justice Reinvestment Initiative program implementation and completeness of the range of monthly data (Jan 2004 to Dec 2020). Results of thematic analyses indicate that great variation exists in the 35 legislative bills that implemented justice reinvestment principles between the four states. Furthermore, no state legally earmarked reinvestment funds for the original purpose of justice reinvestment, community development. Quantitative analyses using Multiple Event Time Series Regression design indicate that after controlling for external strain variables and economic events, justice reinvestment implementations have varying degrees of success in achieving reductions in prison populations. The regression results also indicate that economic strain events (such as the Great Recession and the COVID-19 pandemic) and variables (such as poverty, inflation, and unemployment) significantly predict future prison populations.
Modified Command Feedforward Tracking Control System Applied to the PRRR-RR Parallel Mechanism, A
Creators: name: Parkins, Jeffrey A.
name: O'Brien, John F.
Publisher: name: University of Wyoming. Libraries
Year: 2012

description: The development of a prototype two degree-of-freedom parallel mechanism for application to unmanned ground vehicle target tracking is presented. The mechanism is extremely simple, decoupling the two end-effector degrees-of- freedom (DOFs) with an easily fabricated and inexpensive connection of passive joints. A summary of the parallel mechanism's kinematic design and singularity analysis is provided. A 2-DOF tracking system using a digital camera with a large time delay is presented. A command feedforward controller is designed to extend the tracking bandwidth by approximately two octaves beyond that of the feedback controller without violating causality. Experimental data is presented that shows improvement in the tracking performance by a factor of 2.4 over the feedback system alone.
Illusion of knowledge: is the Dunning-Kruger effect in political sophistication more widespread than before?
Creators: name: Rapeli, Lauri
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: The dramatic expansion of social and digital media during the past fifteen years has fundamentally transformed the media landscape in Western democracies. Nevertheless, we still know little about the impact it has had on aggregate levels of political sophistication. Previous research has suggested that increased information availability may result in inflated self-perceptions of (political) sophistication. Based on the Dunning-Kruger effect, it is plausible to think that low-sophistication individuals are particularly vulnerable for overconfidence in political sophistication. Using a repeated-measures cross-sectional survey data with samples representative of the Finnish voting-age population, this study analyzes the prevalence of the Dunning-Kruger effect in 2008 and 2020, before and after social media revolutionized the political information landscape. Although the Dunning-Kruger effect is more widespread in 2020 than in 2008, the increase is not statistically significant at the individual-level. However, the findings suggest that at the individual-level, overconfidence is linked to relying on internet and social media for political news, but not to relying on traditional media. This aligns with recent research showing that social media contributes at best minimally to political learning. Instead, it seems to amplify overconfidence, especially among the least knowledgeable segment of the population.
Acantholabrus palloni
Creators: name: Bariche, Michel
name: Fricke, Ronald
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Perciformes
Labridae
Acantholabrus
Acantholabrus palloni

description: Acantholabrus palloni (Risso 1810) —Scale-rayed wrasse
Taxonomy. First record from Lebanon as Acantholabrus palloni (Risso) by Mouneimné (1977: 64); subsequently recorded as Acantholabrus palloni (Risso 1810) by Mouneimné (2002: 191–192).
Distribution. Mediterranean Sea, eastern Atlantic: Norway south to Gabon, including offshore islands.
Conservation. IUCN: Global (LC: 12 March 2008); Med. (LC: 12 November 2007). Capture and threats: Unknown. Occurrence: Very rare. Medium priority for conservation action.
description: Published as part of Bariche, Michel & Fricke, Ronald, 2020, The marine ichthyofauna of Lebanon: an annotated checklist, history, biogeography, and conservation status, pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 4775 (1) on page 73, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4775.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3983887
Magnetoresistance in Sr2FeMoO6: x glass composites
Creators: name: Sui, Yu
name: Zhang, Xingquan
name: Wang, Xianjie
name: Cheng, Jinguang
name: Su, Wenhui
name: Tang, Jinke
Publisher: name: University of Wyoming. Libraries
Year: 2007
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

description: The effects of interfacial states on the temperature dependence of the magnetoresistance MR of Sr2FeMoO6-glass composites have been studied. X-ray diffraction analyses show that the glass is most likely located at the grain boundary without causing a change of the crystal structure of Sr2FeMoO6. The variation of the resistance with temperature and magnetic field indicates that the added glass layer has profound influence on the MR properties. At low temperature, the MR in low fields is enhanced notably because the insulating barrier for the intergranular tunneling is improved by adding the glass layer at the grain surface. However, at high temperature, the MR decreases rapidly with the increase of temperature due to, in addition to the enhancement of spin-independent hopping of electrons through the localized states, the fast decay of spin polarization at the surfaces of the grains. This decay is induced by the separation of the ferromagnetic grains with the nonmagnetic glass layer at the grain boundaries.
Using Virtual Reality to Teach Science Vocabulary to Transition Aged Youth With Intellectual Disability
Creators: name: Abrams, Kathryn
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Science
Intellectual Disabilities
Virtual Reality

description: Individuals with disabilities have been less involved in school activities than their same age peers and this includes career preparation in science and math (Eriksson et al., 2007; Agran et al., 2020; Jackson et al., 2022). Specifically, individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) have been underrepresented in science education (Lee, 2011) and in science careers (NSF, 2019). Previous studies have concluded that this underrepresentation can be due to lack of preparation of students with disabilities, access to facilities, programs, and equipment, and acceptance by educators, employers, and co-workers (Burgstahler, 1994). This study aims to expose transition-aged youth with ID to science concepts by using virtual reality and to give them a better understanding of their own bodies (Collins et al., 2017; Rizzo et al., 2016). This study investigated the effects of a virtual reality (VR) human anatomy application as the means of teaching science vocabulary definition and location acquisition for three different human anatomy systems (digestive, respiratory, and integumentary) to college-age students with ID. This single subject, multiple baseline study included two college age students with ID. The intervention package included both a guided and exploratory portion. Data were collected on the participants accuracy on the definitions and locations of ten vocabulary words for each of the three body systems.
description: Findings indicated that a functional relation existed between the implementation of the intervention package and an increase in the accuracy of scores in both definitions and locations for each of the three body systems for each participant. Tau-U scores also yielded significant (p<.05) effect sizes for both participants in the digestive and respiratory systems. System Usability Scores (SUS) indicated marginal scores for one participant and excellent for the other participant. The participants’ social validity questionnaire reflected a positive experience with the VR headset as well as the application offered minimal negative feedback about the study. The findings highlight that using the Universal Design for Learning (UDL) framework and virtual reality (VR) is an effective means of supporting science vocabulary acquisition for college-aged students with ID.
title: Building Energy Use
title: Modeling and Analysis of Lighting & Mechanical Systems – a Case Study
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Powers, Aron
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2022
Subjects: building energy analysis
energy modeling
energy retrofit
LED
lighting

description: Understanding how energy is used and where it can be saved in an existing building is critical not only from a cost and environmental standpoint, but for legal compliance as well, as the United States and the rest of the world increasingly have set tighter restrictions on energy usage and carbon emissions. Energy savings can be achieved from installing LED lights and occupancy sensors; however, the exact savings and impact of each method can vary depending on the building in question. The objective of this case study is to perform analysis of the lighting and mechanical systems in Washington State University Tri-Cities' Floyd & East buildings to determine energy savings potential. Lighting systems in each building were broken into several groups based on their operational patterns and then numerically modeled with the aid of Python. The results of this case study shows that 60% energy savings, totaling 350 MWh in a year, can be achieved by retrofitting fluorescent lights with LEDs and occupancy sensors. This energy savings translates to a reduction of 62.4 tonnes of CO2 emissions per year. The results of our cost-analysis in this model shows that the LED light retrofit has a break-even point at 15 months of operation. For the existing mechanical systems, three recommendations were proposed to improve its performance, including: the addition of water treatment for the HVAC process water, replacing pneumatic controls with digital ones, and the installation of variable speed drives.
Coris julis
Creators: name: Bariche, Michel
name: Fricke, Ronald
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Perciformes
Labridae
Coris
Coris julis

description: Coris julis (Linnaeus 1758) —Mediterranean rainbow wrasse
Taxonomy. First record from Lebanon as Julis vulgaris, C.V. by Gruvel (1931: 90); subsequently recorded as Coris julis (Linnaeus 1758) by George et al. (1964: 20); as Coris julis (Linnaeus) by Mouneimné (1977: 64); as Coris julis (Linnaeus 1758) by Mouneimné (2002: 192); recently recorded as Coris julis by Bariche et al. (2009: 3); as Coris julis by Harmelin-Vivien et al. (2005: 628); and as Coris julis by Aguillar et al. (2018: 81). Material in collection: AUBM and USNM.
Distribution. Mediterranean Sea, Sea of Marmara, Black Sea, eastern Atlantic: Norway south to Gabon, including Azores, Madeira and Canary Islands.
Conservation. IUCN: Global (LC: 11 February 2009); Med. (LC: 13 November 2007). Capture and threats: Unknown. Occurrence: Common. Low priority for conservation action.
description: Published as part of Bariche, Michel & Fricke, Ronald, 2020, The marine ichthyofauna of Lebanon: an annotated checklist, history, biogeography, and conservation status, pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 4775 (1) on page 74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4775.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3983887
Ce-doped EuO: Magnetic properties and the indirect band gap
Creators: name: Liu, Pan
name: Tang, Jinke
name: Colo´N Santana, Juan A.
name: Belashchenko, Kirill D.
name: Dowben, Peter A.
Publisher: name: University of Wyoming. Libraries
Year: 2011
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

description: We have prepared and investigated thin films of EuO doped with the rare-earth element cerium. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy were used to determine the quality of these films prepared by pulsed laser deposition. Ce doping leads to an enhanced Curie temperature near 150 K, close to that seen for oxygen deficient EuO1–x. However, the magnetization of Ce-doped EuO exhibits differences from that observed for Gd-doped and oxygen-deficient samples. The high-resolution angular-resolved photoemission from Ce-doped EuO reveals filling of conduction-band states near the X point. This indicates that the band gap in EuO is indirect, and that at 2% doping Ce-doped EuO1–x is at least semimetallic.
Música del caos
Creators: name: Suing, Abel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Comunicación
medios
música
Ecuador
Loja
géneros
libertad
expresión
derechos
humanos

description: Publicación presentada en la sección de opinión del diario digital hora 32 https://hora32.com.ec/ que se edita en Loja (Ecuador)
Labrus viridis Linnaeus 1758
Creators: name: Bariche, Michel
name: Fricke, Ronald
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Perciformes
Labridae
Labrus
Labrus viridis

description: Labrus viridis Linnaeus 1758 —European green wrasse
Taxonomy. First record from Lebanon as Labrus viridis, L. by Gruvel (1931: 89).
Distribution. Mediterranean Sea, Sea of Marmara, Black Sea, eastern Atlantic: Portugal and southern Spain south to Morocco.
Conservation. IUCN: Global (VU: A4ad, 12 June 2008); Med. (VU: A4acd, 12 June 2008). Capture and threats: Unknown. Occurrence: Unknown. Medium priority for conservation action.
description: Published as part of Bariche, Michel & Fricke, Ronald, 2020, The marine ichthyofauna of Lebanon: an annotated checklist, history, biogeography, and conservation status, pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 4775 (1) on page 74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4775.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3983887
Effects of Mean-Field Interactions and Raman-Induced Spin-Orbit Coupling in Bose-Einstein Condensates
Creators: name: Ome, Md Kamrul Hoque
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2023

description: The experimental realization of dilute-gas Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) has established an extremely versatile and powerful platform for exploring uncharted territories of modern physics. The dynamics of a BEC are strongly influenced by mean-field interactions and can further be manipulated by external coupling schemes, such as Raman-induced spin-orbit coupling (SOC). This dissertation reports a series of experiments exploring the effects of mean-field interactions and additional couplings in new regimes.
description: In the first set of experiments, the non-exponential tunneling of a BEC in an accelerating optical lattice is investigated. Mean-field interaction leads to loop formation at the Brillouin zone edges of the band structure, causing atomic tunneling to the excited states. The non-exponential nature of the tunneling is experimentally and theoretically confirmed. Next, a set of experiments is described where, instead of an optical lattice, a more intricate lattice structure is generated: a spin-dependent effective optical lattice called the Zeeman lattice. This lattice is created by the simultaneous application of SOC and an external radio frequency field. Lattice dynamics, such as Bloch oscillations, are studied, and band spectroscopy is performed. Furthermore, experimental evidence is provided supporting the restoration of Galilean symmetry in the lattice, even though SOC alone breaks this symmetry. Third, supplementing SOC with a weak optical lattice provides experimental access to an interesting stripe phase. Its excitation spectrum is experimentally probed in the weak anisotropic spin interaction regime. A pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone gap in the zero-momentum limit of the Bogoliubov spectrum is measured and characterized with respect to the lattice strength. An excellent agreement between experimental observations and theoretical predictions is found. Finally, an alternative, independent way of generating structures and dynamics in a BEC is explored in the form of dark-antidark (DAD) solitons. A microwave drive is used to couple two hyperfine states of the ground state, and a spatially varying Rabi winding is employed. The mean-field dynamics cause DAD array formation during time evolution.
description: This dissertation showcases the richness of the dynamics observable with BECs and opens the door to further advanced explorations with close connections to atomic physics, condensed matter physics, nonlinear science, and dispersive hydrodynamics.