cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A 6 dimensional $(Z_{2})^3$ symmetric model with warped physical space
Creators: name: Sahabandu, Chetiya
name: Suranyi, Peter
name: Vaz, Cenalo
name: Wijewardhana, L. C. Rohana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Randall-Sundrum model is studied in 6 dimension with AdS$_4$ or dS$_4$ metric in the physical 4 dimensional space. Two solutions are found, one with induced 5-dimensional gravity terms added to the induced cosmological constant terms. We study the graviton modes in both solutions by transforming the mass eigenvalue equation to a Schrodinger equation with a volcano potential. The spectrum of gravitational excitations depends on the input parameters of the theory, the six dimensional and the effective four-dimensional cosmological constants. The model gives a physically acceptable spectrum if the 4 dimensional cosmological constant is sufficiently small.
description: 14 pages, 3 tables, 2 references added
Information Maintenance as a Practice of Care
Creators: name: Maintainers, The Information
name: Olson, D.
name: Meyerson, J.
name: Parsons, M. A.
name: Castro, J.
name: Lassere, M.
name: Wright, D. J.
name: Arnold, H.
name: Galvan, A. S.
name: Hswe, P
name: Nowviskie, B.
name: Russell, A.
name: Vinsel, L.
name: Acker, A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: An invitation to participate in a broad ranging discussion that infuses information maintenance with practices, relationships, and ways of thinking and being that represent a coherent ethic of care.
Quark-lepton mass unification at TeV scales
Creators: name: Adibzadeh, Mehrdad
name: Hung, P. Q.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A scenario combining a model of early (TeV) unification of quarks and leptons with the physics of large extra dimensions provides a natural mechanism linking quark and lepton masses at TeV scale. This has been dubbed as early quark-lepton mass unification by one of us (PQH) in one of the two models of early quark-lepton unification, which are consistent with data, namely SU(4)_PS \otimes SU(2)_L \otimes SU(2)_R \otimes SU(2)_H. In particular, it focused on the issue of naturally light Dirac neutrino. The present paper will focus on similar issues in the other model, namely SU(4)_PS \otimes SU(3)_L \otimes SU(3)_H.
description: Accepted for publication in PRD: The new version is in agreement with the accepted manuscript
Theory of electric dipole spin resonance in quantum dots: Mean field theory with Gaussian fluctuations and beyond
Creators: name: Rashba, Emmanuel I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Very recently, the electric dipole spin resonance (EDSR) of single electrons in quantum dots was discovered by three independent experimental groups. Remarkably, these observations revealed three different mechanisms of EDSR: coupling of electron spin to its momentum (spin-orbit), to the operator of its position (inhomogeneous Zeeman coupling), and to the hyperfine Overhauser field of nuclear spins. In this paper, I present a unified microscopic theory of these resonances in quantum dots. A mean field theory, derived for all three mechanisms and based on retaining only two-spin correlators, justifies applying macroscopic description of nuclear polarization to the EDSR theory. In the framework of the mean field theory, a fundamental difference in the time dependence of EDSR inherent of these mechanisms is revealed; it changes from the Rabi-type oscillations to a nearly monotonic growth. The theory provides a regular procedure to account for the higher nuclear-spin correlators that become of importance for a wider time span and can change the asymptotic behavior of EDSR. It also allows revealing the effect of electron spin dynamics on the effective coupling between nuclear spins.
description: 15 pages, no figures
Informal Short-term Borrowings and Small and Medium Enterprises’ Performance in a Credit Crunch: Evidence from Vietnam
Creators: name: Bach, Thang
name: Le, Thanh
name: Bui, Yen
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: This study examines the access to informal short-term borrowings of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and their performance in a credit-rationing period. Using a unique data set on Vietnamese private manufacturing SMEs spanning before, at the onset of, and during the period of credit distress 2011–2014, we find that bank loans act as a substitute for informal borrowings prior to but a complement during the crisis. Meanwhile, trade credit always complements informal borrowings, even when the crisis endures. Informal borrowings help enhance SMEs’ sales and investment performance and outweigh trade credit in predicting firms’ investments. Obtained findings convey important policy implications on the macro-management of informal short-term finance in the credit distress.
Just a Piece of Paper? Domestic Standards Certification and Small Firm Growth in Viet Nam
Creators: name: Calza, Elisa
name: Goedhuys, Micheline
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Using two waves (2013, 2015) of the Micro, Small, and Medium sized Enterprises (MSMEs) survey of Vietnamese manufacturing firms, this paper first explores what drives firms’ decision to have a domestic standards certificate, taking into account a rich number of factors related to the cost and expected benefits of certification as well as institutional factors. It further explores the presence of a positive and significant effect of domestic certificates on firm growth, testing whether these serve as signalling devices for desirable attributes under information asymmetry. Evidence is indeed found for a signalling effect of domestic standards certification, being stronger for female-run businesses. Results hold even when controlling for international certifications.
Knowing Versus Doing: Protective Health Behaviour Against COVID-19 in Aceh, Indonesia
Creators: name: Chavarría, Eliana
name: Diba, Farah
name: Marcus, Maja E.
name: Marthoenis
name: Reuter, Anna
name: Rogge, Lisa
name: Vollmer, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: The COVID-19 pandemic shapes the lives of people around the globe – at the same time, people themselves have the power to shape the pandemic. By employing protective health behaviour, the population can alleviate the severity of an outbreak. This may be of particular importance whenever health systems or populations are vulnerable to shocks, as is frequently the case in low- and middle-income settings. Therefore, understanding the underlying drivers of protective action against COVID-19 is urgently needed for policy responses. We investigate the individual-level determinants of disease knowledge and behaviour in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Aceh, Indonesia. We use data from a representative sample of 40–70-year-olds, mainly obtained from telephone interviews between March and May 2020. We employ linear probability models that account for a comprehensive set of factors that were previously found to influence knowledge and practice during pandemics. We find that both knowledge and uptake of protective health behaviour are relatively high. Knowledge is the largest explanatory driver of protective health behaviour, while socioeconomics and economic preferences are minor determinants. However, knowledge itself is strongly shaped by socioeconomic gradients. On this basis, we show that policies need to disseminate information in an equitable way.
Effective metrics in the non-minimal Einstein-Yang-Mills-Higgs theory
Creators: name: Balakin, Alexander B.
name: Dehnen, Heinz
name: Zayats, Alexei E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We formulate a self-consistent non-minimal five-parameter Einstein-Yang-Mills-Higgs (EYMH) model and analyse it in terms of effective (associated, color and color-acoustic) metrics. We use a formalism of constitutive tensors in order to reformulate master equations for the gauge, scalar and gravitational fields and reconstruct in the algebraic manner the so-called associated metrics for the Yang-Mills field. Using WKB-approximation we find color metrics for the Yang-Mills field and color-acoustic metric for the Higgs field in the framework of five-parameter EYMH model. Based on explicit representation of these effective metrics for the EYMH system with uniaxial symmetry, we consider cosmological applications for Bianchi-I, FLRW and de Sitter models. We focus on the analysis of the obtained expressions for velocities of propagation of longitudinal and transversal color and color-acoustic waves in a (quasi)vacuum interacting with curvature; we show that curvature coupling results in time variations of these velocities. We show, that the effective metrics can be regular or can possess singularities depending on the choice of the parameters of non-minimal coupling in the cosmological models under discussion. We consider a physical interpretation of such singularities in terms of phase velocities of color and color-acoustic waves, using the terms ``wave stopping'' and ``trapped surface''.
description: 25 pages, no figures, accepted to Annals of Physics
Technological Catch-up to the National and Regional Frontier: Firm-level Evidence for India
Creators: name: Yang, Shubin
name: Lancheros, Sandra
name: Milner, Chris
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: This paper studies productivity convergence to the regional and national frontiers among manufacturing firms in India, using panel data over the period 1999 to 2010. We find evidence that lagging firms converge to their national and regional frontiers, with faster speed of convergence to the national frontier than to their regional frontier. We extend our analysis to explore how firms’ participation in foreign markets (through exporting and investing abroad) affects the process of convergence. Our results suggest a ranking of firms’ speed of convergence based on their level of international engagement through exports, with non-exporters converging faster to their technological frontiers, followed by non-continuous exporters, and finally by continuous exporters. These results suggest that more established exporters are closer to the technological frontier and therefore have less scope to catch up than their less persistent counterparts and non-exporting firms. However, we did not find significant differences in the speed of convergence amongst exporting firms that have moved to the next stage of globalisation by investing abroad.
Backwards on Minkowski's road. From 4D to 3D Maxwellian electromagnetism
Creators: name: Itin, Y.
name: Friedman, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Minkowski's concept of a four-dimensional physical space is a central paradigm of modern physics. The three-dimensional Maxwellian electrodynamics is uniquely generalized to the covariant four-dimensional form. Is the (1+3) decomposition of the covariant four-dimensional form unique? How do the different sign assumptions of electrodynamics emerge from this decomposition? Which of these assumptions are fundamental and which of them may be modified? How does the Minkowski space-time metric emerge from this preliminary metric-free construction? In this paper we are looking for answers to the problems mentioned. Our main result is the derivation of four different possible sets of electrodynamic equations which may occur in different types of isotropic electromagnetic media. The wave propagation in each of these media is described by the Minkowskian optical metrics. Moreover, the electric and magnetic energies are nonnegative in all cases. We also show that the correct directions of the Lorentz force (as a consequence of the Dufay and the Lenz rules) hold true for all these cases. However, the differences between these four types of media must have a physical meaning. In particular, the signs of the three electromagnetic invariants are different.
description: to appear in the special (Sept/Oct 2008) issue of Annalen der Physik (Berlin) commemorating H. Minkowski's 1908 lecture in Cologne
The Schwinger model
Creators: name: Link, Robert
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The Schwinger model (quantum electrodynamics with massless fermions in two space-time dimensions) is investigated. The eigenenergies of the Dirac Hamiltonian are found to depend on the gauge field in a gauge invariant manner. Some of the eigenstates of the full quantum Hamiltonian are found in the Fock space of the free fermionic Hamiltonian. The bosonization of the model is presented and used to obtain the axial anomaly equation, the exact two-point Wightman functions, and the current correlation function. Other two dimensional theories are discussed with emphasis on the aspects which are similar to the Schwinger model.
Long-term Well-being among Survivors of the Rwandan and Cambodian Genocides
Creators: name: Milazzo, Annamaria
name: Cuesta, Jose
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Cancer
Science Policy

description: This paper adds to the thin empirical literature estimating the long-term effects of exposure to conflict from in utero to adolescence on adult well-being. The effects through adolescence of the two worst genocides in recent history – those occurring in Rwanda (1994) and Cambodia (1975–79) – are examined. The Rwandan genocide is shown to have produced long-term health outcomes among women exposed to the conflict during adolescence. A further contribution is the analysis of gendered effects during adolescence, which is enabled by the availability of data on men’s height for Rwanda. The long-term effects are confirmed for men, however this appears to be the consequence of exposure during adolescence later than for women, a result that is consistent with the biological literature on the differential timing of the onset of puberty by gender. No significant effects are detected in the case of the Cambodian genocide and we discuss some issues that may influence this result. Although more research and better data are needed, our results are suggestive of adolescent-specific effects of the Rwandan genocide, which may be comparable or larger than those previously found for younger children.
FDDH: Fast Discriminative Discrete Hashing for Large-Scale Cross-Modal Retrieval
Creators: name: Liu, Xin
name: Wang, Xingzhi
name: Cheung, Yiu-ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Cross-modal hashing, favored for its effectiveness and efficiency, has received wide attention to facilitating efficient retrieval across different modalities. Nevertheless, most existing methods do not sufficiently exploit the discriminative power of semantic information when learning the hash codes, while often involving time-consuming training procedure for handling the large-scale dataset. To tackle these issues, we formulate the learning of similarity-preserving hash codes in terms of orthogonally rotating the semantic data so as to minimize the quantization loss of mapping such data to hamming space, and propose an efficient Fast Discriminative Discrete Hashing (FDDH) approach for large-scale cross-modal retrieval. More specifically, FDDH introduces an orthogonal basis to regress the targeted hash codes of training examples to their corresponding semantic labels, and utilizes "-dragging technique to provide provable large semantic margins. Accordingly, the discriminative power of semantic information can be explicitly captured and maximized. Moreover, an orthogonal transformation scheme is further proposed to map the nonlinear embedding data into the semantic subspace, which can well guarantee the semantic consistency between the data feature and its semantic representation. Consequently, an efficient closed form solution is derived for discriminative hash code learning, which is very computationally efficient. In addition, an effective and stable online learning strategy is presented for optimizing modality-specific projection functions, featuring adaptivity to different training sizes and streaming data. The proposed FDDH approach theoretically approximates the bi-Lipschitz continuity, runs sufficiently fast, and also significantly improves the retrieval performance over the state-of-the-art methods. The source code is released at: https://github.com/starxliu/FDDH.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures
Probing the quantum coherence of a nanomechanical resonator using a superconducting qubit II: Implementation
Creators: name: Blencowe, M. P.
name: Armour, A. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a possible implementation of the nanomechanical quantum superposition generation and detection scheme described in the preceding, companion paper [Armour A D and Blencowe M P 2008 New. J. Phys. Submitted]. The implementation is based on the circuit quantum electrodynamics (QED) set-up, with the addition of a mechanical degree of freedom formed out of a suspended, doubly-clamped segment of the superconducting loop of a dc SQUID located directly opposite the centre conductor of a coplanar waveguide (CPW). The relative merits of two SQUID based qubit realizations are addressed, in particular a capacitively coupled charge qubit and inductively coupled flux qubit. It is found that both realizations are equally promising, with comparable qubit-mechanical resonator mode as well as qubit-microwave resonator mode coupling strengths.
description: Submitted to New Journal of Physics: Special Issue "Mechanical Systems at the Quantum Limit"
Quality of Sub-national Government and Regional Development in Africa
Creators: name: Iddawela, Yohan
name: Lee, Neil
name: Rodríguez-Pose, Andrés
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Ecology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology

description: Despite widespread interest in government quality and economic development, the role of sub-national government has been largely overlooked. This represents an omission in Africa, given ongoing processes of devolution in much of the continent. In this article, we consider the impact of sub-national government institutions on economic development in 339 regions across 22 African countries. We create a novel index of sub-national government quality based on large-scale survey data and assess its impact on regional economies using satellite data on night light luminosity. To address causality concerns, we instrument sub-national government quality with data from pre-colonial societies. Our results show a positive and significant relationship between sub-national government quality and regional economic development, even when controlling for the quality of national-level institutions. Better sub-national governments are a powerful but often overlooked determinant of development in Africa.
Community Music Therapy in Action: Healing Through Pirit Chanting in Sri Lanka
Creators: name: Lasanthi Manaranjanie Kalinga Dona
Publisher: name: Faculty of Fine and Applied Arts, Chulalongkorn University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Community Music Therapy, Pirit Chanting, Healing Rituals, Hevisi Ensemble

description: -, 1, Journal of Urban Culture Research
DEN SCHÜLERN DIE SIMULTANÜBERSETZUNG INTEGRALER UND PORTABLER BEDEUTUNGSEINHEITEN BEIZUBRINGEN.
Creators: name: Muhammadiyeva, Ugiloy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Dieser Artikel untersucht den komplexen Prozess des Simultanübersetzens und konzentriert sich dabei auf die Herausforderungen und Strategien für die effektive Vermittlung sowohl wörtlicher als auch bildlicher Bedeutungen in Echtzeit. Anschließend präsentiert der Artikel einen umfassenden pädagogischen Rahmen, der Theorie mit praktischen Übungen verbindet und die entscheidenden Aspekte der lexikalischen und konzeptuellen Übersetzung, bildlicher Sprache und kultureller Nuancen behandelt.
Spin Pumping of Current in Non-Uniform Conducting Magnets
Creators: name: Saslow, Wayne M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using irreversible thermodynamics we show that current-induced spin transfer torque within a magnetic domain implies spin pumping of current within that domain. This has experimental implications for samples both with conducting leads and that are electrically isolated. These results are obtained by deriving the dynamical equations for two models of non-uniform conducting magnets: (1) a generic conducting magnet, with net conduction electron density n and net magnetization $\vec{M}$; and (2) a two-band magnet, with up and down spins each providing conduction and magnetism. For both models, in regions where the equilibrium magnetization is non-uniform, voltage gradients can drive adiabatic and non-adiabatic bulk spin torques. Onsager relations then ensure that magnetic torques likewise drive adiabatic and non-adiabatic currents -- what we call bulk spin pumping. For a given amount of adiabatic and non-adiabatic spin torque, the two models yield similar but distinct results for the bulk spin pumping, thus distinguishing the two models. As in the recent spin-Berry phase study by Barnes and Maekawa, we find that within a domain wall the ratio of the effective emf to the magnetic field is approximately given by $P(2μ_{B}/e)$, where P is the spin polarization. The adiabatic spin torque and spin pumping terms are shown to be dissipative in nature.
description: 13 pages in pdf format; 1 figure
A Framework of Severity for Harmful Content Online
Creators: name: Scheuerman, Morgan Klaus
name: Jiang, Jialun Aaron
name: Fiesler, Casey
name: Brubaker, Jed R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The proliferation of harmful content on online social media platforms has necessitated empirical understandings of experiences of harm online and the development of practices for harm mitigation. Both understandings of harm and approaches to mitigating that harm, often through content moderation, have implicitly embedded frameworks of prioritization - what forms of harm should be researched, how policy on harmful content should be implemented, and how harmful content should be moderated. To aid efforts of better understanding the variety of online harms, how they relate to one another, and how to prioritize harms relevant to research, policy, and practice, we present a theoretical framework of severity for harmful online content. By employing a grounded theory approach, we developed a framework of severity based on interviews and card-sorting activities conducted with 52 participants over the course of ten months. Through our analysis, we identified four Types of Harm (physical, emotional, relational, and financial) and eight Dimensions along which the severity of harm can be understood (perspectives, intent, agency, experience, scale, urgency, vulnerability, sphere). We describe how our framework can be applied to both research and policy settings towards deeper understandings of specific forms of harm (e.g., harassment) and prioritization frameworks when implementing policies encompassing many forms of harm.
description: CSCW 2021; 33 pages
A soft-lithographed chaotic electrokinetic micromixer for efficient chemical reactions in lab-on-chips
Creators: name: Campisi, M.
name: Accoto, D.
name: Damiani, F.
name: Dario, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mixing is one of the basic functions which automated lab-on-chips require for the effective management of liquid samples. In this paper we report on the working principle, design, fabrication and experimental characterization of a soft-lithographed micromixer for microfluidic applications. The device effectively mixes two liquids by means of chaotic advection obtained as an implementation of a Linked Twisted Map (LTM). In this sense it is chaotic. The liquids are electrokinetically displaced by generating rolls through AC electroosmosis on co-planar electrodes. The device performance has been tested on dyed DI-water for several voltages, frequencies and flow-rates, displaying good mixing properties in the range of $10 ÷100$kHz, at low peak-to-peak voltages ($\sim15 ÷20$ volts). Low voltage supply, small dimensions and possibility of fabrication via standard lithographic techniques make the device highly integrable in lab-on-a-chip platforms.
description: 8 pages, 6 fihures
Level set approach for fractional mean curvature flows
Creators: name: Imbert, Cyril
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35F25, 35K55, 35K65, 49L25, 35A05

description: This paper is concerned with the study of a geometric flow whose law involves a singular integral operator. This operator is used to define a non-local mean curvature of a set. Moreover the associated flow appears in two important applications: dislocation dynamics and phase field theory for fractional reaction-diffusion equations. It is defined by using the level set method. The main results of this paper are: on one hand, the proper level set formulation of the geometric flow; on the other hand, stability and comparison results for the geometric equation associated with the flow.
Gravitino in six-dimensional warped supergravity
Creators: name: Lee, Hyun Min
name: Papazoglou, Antonios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the gravitino spectrum for the general warped solution in a specific six-dimensional gauged supergravity. We find that although the brane tensions introduced at the conical singularities break the bulk supersymmetry explicitly, massless modes of gravitino can exist with a nontrivial wave function profile, due to a nonzero U(1)_R gauge flux. We also compute the wave function and the mass spectrum of Kaluza-Klein massive modes of the gravitino explicitly. We show that the introduction of a gravitino mass term on a regularized brane can give a suppressed effective gravitino mass compared to the compactification scale, due to the delocalization of the wave function of the zero-mode gravitino.
description: 24 pages, no figures, matches version in Nucl. Phys. B
Long-term Well-being among Survivors of the Rwandan and Cambodian Genocides
Creators: name: Milazzo, Anna maria
name: Cuesta, Jose
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Cancer
Science Policy

description: This paper adds to the thin empirical literature estimating the long-term effects of exposure to conflict from in utero to adolescence on adult well-being. The effects through adolescence of the two worst genocides in recent history – those occurring in Rwanda (1994) and Cambodia (1975–79) – are examined. The Rwandan genocide is shown to have produced long-term health outcomes among women exposed to the conflict during adolescence. A further contribution is the analysis of gendered effects during adolescence, which is enabled by the availability of data on men’s height for Rwanda. The long-term effects are confirmed for men, however this appears to be the consequence of exposure during adolescence later than for women, a result that is consistent with the biological literature on the differential timing of the onset of puberty by gender. No significant effects are detected in the case of the Cambodian genocide and we discuss some issues that may influence this result. Although more research and better data are needed, our results are suggestive of adolescent-specific effects of the Rwandan genocide, which may be comparable or larger than those previously found for younger children.
Beam Preparation with Temporally Modulated Photocathode Laser Pulses for a Seeded THz FEL
Creators: name: Georgiev, Georgi
name: Aftab, Namra
name: Boonpornprasert, Prach
name: Chaisueb, Natthawut
name: Good, James
name: Groß, Matthias
name: Hillert, Wolfgang
name: Koschitzki, Christian
name: Krasilnikov, Mikhail
name: Li, Xiangkun
name: Lishilin, Osip
name: Lueangaramwong, Anusorn
name: Melkumyan, David
name: Mohanty, Sandeep
name: Niemczyk, Raffael
name: Oppelt, Anne
name: Qian, Houjun
name: Shaker, Seyd Hamed
name: Shu, Guan
name: Stephan, Frank
name: Vashchenko, Grygorii
name: Weilbach, Tobias
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2021
Subjects: Accelerator Physics
MC2: Photon Sources and Electron Accelerators

description: 12th International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC'21, Campinas, Brazil, 24 May 2021 - 28 May 2021; doi:10.18429/JACOW-IPAC2021-WEPAB115
description: The need for carrier-envelope-phase (CEP) stable THz pump pulses is recognized at many pump-probe experiments at the European XFEL. At the Photo Injector Test Facility at DESY in Zeuthen (PITZ), a proof-of-principle experiment of an accelerator-based THz FEL source is in preparation. Since the CEP stability of FEL pulses is not guaranteed in the SASE regime, a seeding scheme is needed. A common scheme for seeding is to drive the microbunching process with external laser pulses, which are power-limited in the THz range. Alternatively, a pre-bunched beam, generated for example by applying a temporally modulated photocathode laser pulse, can be used to drive the FEL. The beam dynamics with such a seeding method are studied with ASTRA tracking code simulations with space-charge forces as well as experimentally. The results of these studies are shown and discussed.
Microbial diversity as soil quality indicator in agricultural soils
Creators: name: Chiurazzi, Mario
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2008

description: Soil quality is the capacity of a specific kind of soil to function, within natural or managed ecosystem boundaries, to sustain plant and animal productivity, maintain or
enhance water and air quality, and support human health and habitation. Soil organisms are assumed to be directly responsible for soil ecosystem processes, especially the
decomposition of soil organic matter and the cycling of nutrients. Since soil quality is strongly influenced by microbe-mediated processes, and function can be related to
diversity, it is likely that microbial community structure will have the potential to serve as an early indication of soil degradation or soil improvement.
Here I tried to define the impact of different management practices on the fate of microbial guilds having fundamental role in soil healthiness and functions. Moreover, I attempted to manipulate experimentally soil microbial diversity to ask a central ecological question: is there a relationship between survival of exotic species and diversity? Answering this question would contribute to the debate on biodiversity and soil functioning, unfortunately still open after decades of theoretical and experimental works.
Understanding of the microbial fate, and subsequent ecosystem functional modifications, are necessary to drive political decisions about the best practises to apply
at the different territorial scales. The final goal is always improving soil quality and conservation practices.
NMR micro-detectors tailored for multinuclear and electrochemistry lab-on-a-chip applications
Creators: name: Davoodi, Hossein
Publisher: name: KIT Scientific Publishing
Year: 2021
Subjects: Kernresonanzspektroskopie
Magnet-Resonanz-Tomographie
Mikrospule
Sensor
Breitband
NMR
MRI
MEMS
Micro-coil
NMR sensor
Broadband

description: This work offers three solutions tailored to specific applications to overcome NMR challenges in the micro-domain. As the first sub-topic of this work, different potential electrode designs, compatible with NMR technique, are suggested and experimentally evaluated. As the second focus point, this work tackles multinuclear detection challenges. In parallel, a low-cost, broadband insert is discussed to enhance the sensitivity of standard NMR coils when a small sample volume is available.
Accelerated Computation of a High Dimensional Kolmogorov-Smirnov Distance
Creators: name: Haide, Isabel
name: Hainje, Connor
name: Hagen, Alexander
name: Kahn, James
name: Jackson, Shane
name: Strube, Jan
Publisher: name: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Year: 2021

description: Surrogate modeling and data-model convergence are important in any field utilizing probabilistic modeling, including High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics. However, demonstrating that the model produces samples from the same underlying distribution as the true source can be problematic if the data is many-dimensional. The 1-D and multi-dimensional Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (ddKS) is a statistically powerful nonparametric test which can be implemented as a one- or two-sample test. We have developed three algorithms, one exact and two approximate, for the multi-dimensional Kolmogorov-Smirnov test proposed by Fasano. We apply ddKS to the comparison of photon distributions in the Belle II time-of-propagation detector using the collaboration’s Geant4 simulation and our own neural network surrogate model. Additionally, we have derived an analytic form for the statistical significance of ddKS. Our approximations reduce the input time complexity from quadratic to log-linear (vdKS) and reduce the dimensional time complexity from exponential to linear (rdKS). The approximation methods maintain the statistical power of the exact method requiring tens of data points to indicate differences between most sampled distributions.
Detecting the Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background from Massive Gravity with Pulsar Timing Arrays
Creators: name: Liang, Qiuyue
name: Trodden, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the potential of Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs) such as NANOGrav, EPTA, and PPTA to detect the Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background (SGWB) in theories of massive gravity. In General Relativity, the function describing the dependence of the correlation between the arrival times of signals from two pulsars on the angle between them is known as the Hellings-Downs curve. We compute the analogous overlap reduction function for massive gravity, including the additional polarization states and the correction due to the mass of the graviton, and compare the result with the Hellings-Downs curve. The primary result is a complete analytical form for the analog Hellings-Downs curve, providing a starting point for future numerical studies aimed at a detailed comparison between PTA data and the predictions of massive gravity. We study both the massless limit and the stationary limit as checks on our calculation, and discuss how our formalism also allows us to study the impact of massive spin-2 dark matter candidates on data from PTAs.
description: 27 pages, 8 figures
Proposed Negative Thermal Expansion in Honeycomb-Lattice Antiferromagnets
Creators: name: Uwabo, Yuto
name: Mochizuki, Masahito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically propose possible magnetism-induced negative thermal expansion in honeycomb-lattice antiferromagnets with edge-sharing networks of $MX_6$ octahedra where $M$ and $X$ are transition-metal and ligand ions, respectively. In this crystal structure, the nearest-neighbor exchange interaction is composed of two competing contributions, i.e., the antiferromagnetic contribution from a direct 180$^\circ$ $M$-$M$ bond and the ferromagnetic contribution from 90$^\circ$ $M$-$X$-$M$ bonds, amplitudes of which have different bond-length dependence. Numerical analysis of the spin-lattice model of the honeycomb-lattice antiferromagnets demonstrates that the negative thermal expansion can occur when the system enters the antiferromagnetic phase with lowering temperature so as to maximize the energy gain associated with the bond-length dependent antiferromagnetic exchange interaction. The present work provides a guiding principle for searching new materials and eventually contributes to diversify the family of materials that host the negative thermal expansion originating from the spin-lattice coupling on the honeycomb lattices or related crystal structures.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Journal of the Physical Society of Japan. A note and a new reference have been added in the replaced version
Plasmon tunability in metallodielectric metamaterials
Creators: name: Riikonen, S.
name: Romero, I.
name: de Abajo, F. J. Garcia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dielectric properties of metamaterials consisting of periodically arranged metallic nanoparticles of spherical shape are calculated by rigorously solving Maxwell's equations. Effective dielectric functions are obtained by comparing the reflectivity of planar surfaces limiting these materials with Fresnel's formulas for equivalent homogeneous media, showing mixing and splitting of individual-particle modes due to inter-particle interaction. Detailed results for simple cubic and fcc crystals of aluminum spheres in vacuum, silver spheres in vacuum, and silver spheres in a silicon matrix are presented. The filling fraction of the metal f is shown to determine the position of the plasmon modes of these metamaterials. Significant deviations are observed with respect to Maxwell-Garnett effective medium theory for large f, and multiple plasmons are predicted to exist in contrast to Maxwell-Garnett theory.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Families of fundamental and multipole solitons in a cubic-quintic nonlinear lattice in fractional dimension
Creators: name: Zeng, Liangwei
name: Mihalache, Dumitru
name: Malomed, Boris A.
name: Lu, Xiaowei
name: Cai, Yi
name: Zhu, Qifan
name: Li, Jingzhen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct families of fundamental, dipole, and tripole solitons in the fractional Schrödinger equation (FSE)\ incorporating self-focusing cubic and defocusing quintic terms modulated by factors $\cos ^{2}x$ and $\sin^{2}x$, respectively. While the fundamental solitons are similar to those in the model with the uniform nonlinearity, the multipole complexes exist only in the presence of the nonlinear lattice. The shapes and stability of all the solitons strongly depend on the Lévy index (LI)\ that determines the FSE fractionality. Stability areas are identified in the plane of LI and propagation constant by means of numerical methods, and some results are explained with the help of an analytical approximation. The stability areas are broadest for the fundamental solitons and narrowest for the tripoles.
description: Publised in Chaos, Solitons and Fractals, 144, 110589 (2021)
Constraints on accreting primordial black holes with the global 21-cm signal
Creators: name: Yang, Yupeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effect of accreting primordial black holes (PBHs) on the thermal history of the intergalactic medium (IGM), including the accretion of baryonic matter and dark matter particles. The variations of the thermal history of the IGM caused by accreting PBHs will result in the changes of the global 21-cm signal in the cosmic dawn. Based on the detection of the global 21-cm signal by EDGES, by requiring the differential brightness temperature, e.g., $δT_{21} \lesssim -100~(-50)~\rm mK$, we obtain the upper limits on the abundance of PBHs for the mass range $10\lesssim M_{\rm PBH} \lesssim 10^{4}~M_{\odot}$. Compared with previous works, the limits are stronger for the mass range $10\lesssim M_{\rm PBH}\lesssim 50~M_{\odot}$.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, Phys. Rev. D 104, 063528 (2021)
Surface density of radiant sources measured by optical microscopy : correction for diffraction and focus limitations
Creators: name: Knowles, David William
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: A new technique is introduced for the determination of the surface density of membrane bound components on living cells inuitro. This technique provides a simple conversion of fluorescence intensity to number density and involved the modelling of the spatial optical response of the microphotometer to account for the inherent diffraction and focus limitations of the system. A theoretical and experimental study was undertaken to examine the adsorption of a fluorescently labelled ligand (WGA) onto the membrane surface of a biological cell (the erythrocyte). WG A/red cell interaction was evaluated with a fluorescence microphometer. The microphotometer is a laser based fluorescence microscope in combination with intensified video imaging and digitizing equipment that produces fluorescence images with a resolution of 0.25μm. The fluorescence conversion technique was used to characterize the adsorption of WGA on to the red cell surface. Individual cells were isolated and incubated in various bulk concentrations of fluorescenated WGA to determine the dependence of adsorbed concentration on bulk concentration and incubation time. The equilibrium results gave a microscopic association constant of 2.95x10⁸ liters/mole, a molecular binding ratio of one WGA molecule per glycophorin molecule on the red cell surface and the number of glycophorin molecules per human red blood cell as (6.5±0.3)x10⁵.
Synthesis of SiO2 Nanoparticles as reference materials : Metrological measurements and in-situ kinetics in lab with Small Angle X-Ray Scattering
Creators: name: TACHE, Olivier
name: DURAND, Bénédicte
name: BARRUET, Elodie
name: Gobeaux, Frédéric
name: PAUW, Brian
name: THILL, Antoine
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Nanoparticles,
Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering
Metrology
SAXS

description: The unambiguous correlation of possible health and sustainability risks to nanoparticle size must be enabled by reliable measurement of nanoparticle size, to ensure comparability and compatibility between results measured under different methods. The NPSIZE project funded by European Metrology Program (EMPIR) develop methods, reference materials and modelling to improve the traceability chain, comparability and compatibility of nanoparticle size measurements. In this work, we present how spherical silica nanoparticles are synthetized with controlled monomodal or bimodal dispersion to be use as reference materials and international round-robin. Improving the fabrication requires a fine understanding of synthesis (1), coupled with an expertise of in-situ or ex-situ analysis methods. This is a new challenge for the analysis : determining not only average characteristics (size, chemical composition and shape ...) but also the concentration and the distribution over the population studied (2). Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (3) allows very precise measurements of the nanoparticles size and concentration that can be directly link to the metric system (4) (metrological traceability) . We developed a SAXS laboratory instrument dedicated to the in-situ characterization of nanoparticles, which enable fast measurements, and the monitoring of the synthesis parameters. Measurement protocols and software processing chain (5) (i.e. size distribution) are also combined & optimized.
Un cadre de conception pour réunir les modèles d'interaction et l'ingénierie des interfaces
Creators: name: Lard, Jérôme
name: Landragin, Frédéric
name: Grisvard, Olivier
name: Faure, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present HIC (Human-system Interaction Container), a general framework for the integration of advanced interaction in the software development process. We show how this framework allows to reconcile the software development methods (such MDA, MDE) with the architectural models of software design such as MVC or PAC. We illustrate our approach thanks to two different types of implementation for this concept in two different business areas: one software design pattern, MVIC (Model View Interaction Control) and one architectural model, IM (Interaction Middleware).
Analyzing Images for Music Recommendation
Creators: name: Baijal, Anant
name: Agarwal, Vivek
name: Hyun, Danny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Experiencing images with suitable music can greatly enrich the overall user experience. The proposed image analysis method treats an artwork image differently from a photograph image. Automatic image classification is performed using deep-learning based models. An illustrative analysis showcasing the ability of our deep-models to inherently learn and utilize perceptually relevant features when classifying artworks is also presented. The Mean Opinion Score (MOS) obtained from subjective assessments of the respective image and recommended music pairs supports the effectiveness of our approach.
description: IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (IEEE ICCE 2021)
Modellazione e analisi di pali sotto azioni orizzontali
Creators: name: Abagnara, Vincenzo
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2009

description: Il lavoro è dedicato alla realizzazione di un programma di calcolo per l'analisi di gruppi di pali di fondazione ad asse verticale sollecitati da azioni orizzontali statiche mononotonicamente crescenti.