cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Down-regulation of the Mixed-lineage Dual Leucine Zipper-bearing Kinase by Heat Shock Protein 70 and Its Co-chaperone CHIP
Creators: name: Durocher, Yves
name: Di Fruscio, Marco
name: Robitaille, Karine
name: Patterson, Cam
name: Daviau, Alex
name: Landry, Jacques
name: Blouin, Richard
name: Tanguay, Robert M.
name: Proulx, Roxanne
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Dual leucine zipper-bearing kinase (DLK) is a mixed-lineage kinase family member that acts as an upstream activator of the c-Jun N-terminal kinases. As opposed to other components of this pathway, very little is currently known regarding the mechanisms by which DLK is regulated in mammalian cells. Here we identify the stress-inducible heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) as a negative regulator of DLK expression and activity. Support for this notion derives from data showing that Hsp70 induces the proteasomal degradation of DLK when both proteins are co-expressed in COS-7 cells. Hsp70-mediated degradation occurs with expression of wild-type DLK, which functions as a constitutively activated protein in these cells but not kinase-defective DLK. Interestingly, the Hsp70 co-chaperone CHIP, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, seems to be indispensable for this process since Hsp70 failed to induce DLK degradation in COS-7 cells expressing a CHIP mutant unable to catalyze ubiquitination or in immortalized fibroblasts derived from CHIP knock-out mice. Consistent with these data, we have found that endogenous DLK becomes sensitive to CHIP-dependent proteasomal degradation when it is activated by okadaic acid and that down-regulation of Hsp70 levels with an Hsp70 antisense attenuates this sensitivity. Therefore, our studies suggest that Hsp70 contributes to the regulation of activated DLK by promoting its CHIP-dependent proteasomal degradation.
title: Entwicklung und Parametrierung eines digitalen Zwillings einer Sondermüllverbrennungsanlage
Creators: name: Nemeth, Jakob
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Digitaler Zwilling
subject: Sondermüllverbrennung
subject: Entwicklung
subject: Validierung
subject: Digital twin
subject: waste combustion
subject: development
subject: validation

description: Diese Diplomarbeit befasst sich mit der Müllverbrennung im Allgemeinen am Beispiel Österreichs und erläutert dabei die technischen Herausforderungen, sowie die verschiedenen Typen der Müll- und Sondermüllverbrennung. Darüber hinaus wird erklärt, was sich hinter einem digitalen Zwilling verbirgt und ein Blick auf die Anfänge der digitalen Zwillinge sowie deren aktuelle Einsatzmöglichkeiten, insbesondere mit Blick auf die Industrie und die Kraftwerkstechnik, geworfen. Anschließend werden verschiedene Softwareumgebungen und kommerzielle Simulationsprogramme miteinander verglichen, um herauszufinden, welches Programm für das Erstellen eines Modells in diesem Bereich am geeignetsten erscheint. Danach wird anhand einer realen Sondermüllverbrennungsanlage ein vereinfachter digitaler Zwilling erstellt und überprüft, inwiefern die Möglichkeit besteht, mithilfe eines digitalen Zwillings die Zusammensetzung unbekannter Brennstoffe zu berechnen, was als Ausgangspunkt für zukünftige Optimierungen in diesem Bereich gesehen werden kann. Abschließend werden die auf diese Art erhaltenen Ergebnisse ausgewertet und Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten für zukünftige Ansätze aufgezeigt.
description: This thesis will take a look at the waste incineration in general and focus on the austrian perspective paired with explaining the technical challenges and different types of residential and harmfull waste incineration. After that there will be an explanation of what a digital twin actually is and a brief history of the development of digital twins with a closer look on the usage in the industry and power plants. Following that there will be a comparison of different software environments that can be utilized to build a dynamic model of such kind of systems and also an explanation on why this exact commercial software was used in this thesis. In the second part there will be the building of a digital twin and it is checked, if it is possible to calculate the composition of an unknown fuel, which can be seen as a starting point for future improvements. In the end there will be a presentation of the results gathered in this simulations and potential improvements for the future.
Figure S6h from Expansion in geographical and morphological space drives continued lineage diversification in a global passerine radiation.
Creators: name: Kennedy, Jonathan D.
name: Borregaard, Michael K.
name: Marki, Petter Z.
name: Machac, Antonin
name: Fjeldså, Jon
name: Rahbek, Carsten
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Why diversification rates vary so extensively across the tree of life remains an important yet unresolved issue in biology. Two prominent and potentially independent factors proposed to explain these trends reflect the capacity of lineages to expand into new areas of (i) geographical or (ii) ecological space. Here, we present the first global assessment of how diversification rates vary as a consequence of geographical and ecological expansion, studying these trends among 15 speciose passerine families (together approximately 750 species) using phylogenetic path analysis. We find that relative slowdowns in diversification rates characterize families that have accumulated large numbers of co-occurring species (at the 1° scale) within restricted geographical areas. Conversely, more constant diversification through time is prevalent among families in which species show limited range overlap. Relative co-occurrence is itself also a strong predictor of ecological divergence (here approximated by morphological divergence among species); however, once the relationship between co-occurrence and diversification rates have been accounted for, increased ecological divergence is an additional explanatory factor accounting for why some lineages continue to diversify towards the present. We conclude that opportunities for prolonged diversification are predominantly determined by continued geographical range expansion and to a lesser degree by ecological divergence among lineages.
Factorization of the dijet cross section in electron-positron annihilation with jet algorithms
Creators: name: Chay, Junegone
name: Kim, Chul
name: Kim, Inchol
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the effects of jet algorithms on each factorized part of the dijet cross sections in $e^+ e^-$ scattering using the soft-collinear effective theory. The jet function and the soft function with a cone-type jet algorithm and the Sterman-Weinberg jet algorithm are computed to next-to-leading order in $α_s$, and are shown to be infrared finite using the dimensional regularization. The integrated and unintegrated jet functions are presented, and compared with other types of jet functions.
description: 28 pages, 6 figures, version published in PRD
Essential Role of the B23/NPM Core Domain in Regulating ARF Binding and B23 Stability
Creators: name: Jin, Aiwen
name: Zhang, Yanping
name: Ke, Hengming
name: Lindström, Mikael S.
name: Enomoto, Takeharu
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: How cells coordinate inhibition of growth and division during genotoxic events is fundamental to our understanding of the origin of cancer. Despite increasing interest and extensive study, the mechanisms that link regulation of DNA synthesis and ribosomal biogenesis remain elusive. Recently, the tumor suppressor p14(ARF) (ARF) has been shown to interact functionally with the nucleolar protein B23/NPM (B23) and inhibit rRNA biogenesis. However, the molecular basis of the ARF-B23 interaction is hitherto unclear. Here we show that a highly conserved motif in the B23 oligomerization domain is essential for mediating ARF binding in vivo. Mutagenesis of conserved B23 core residues (L102A, G105A, G107A) prevented B23 from interacting with ARF. Modeling of the B23 core indicated that substitutions in the GSGP loop motif could trigger conformational changes in B23 thereby obstructing ARF binding. Interestingly, the GSGP loop mutants were unstable, defective for oligomerization, and delocalized from the nucleolus to the nucleoplasm. B23 core mutants displayed increased ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. We conclude that the functional integrity of the B23 core motif is required for stability, efficient nucleolar localization as well as ARF binding.
Cosmological Perturbations and Quasi-Static Assumption in $f(R)$ Theories
Creators: name: Chiu, Mu-Chen
name: Taylor, Andy
name: Shu, Chenggang
name: Tu, Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: $f(R)$ gravity is one of the simplest theories of modified gravity to explain the accelerated cosmic expansion. Although it is usually assumed that the quasi-Newtonian approach (a combination of the quasi-static approximation and sub-Hubble limit) for cosmic perturbations is good enough to describe the evolution of large scale structure in $f(R)$ models, some studies have suggested that this method is not valid for all $f(R)$ models. Here, we show that in the matter-dominated era, the pressure and shear equations alone, which can be recast into four first-order equations to solve for cosmological perturbations exactly, are sufficient to solve for the Newtonian potential, $Ψ$, and the curvature potential, $Φ$. Based on these two equations, we are able to clarify how the exact linear perturbations fit into different limits. We find that the Compton length controls the quasi-static behaviours in $f(R)$ gravity. In addition, regardless the validity of quasi-static approximation, a strong version of the sub-Hubble limit alone is sufficient to reduce the exact linear perturbations in any viable $f(R)$ gravity to second order. Our findings disagree with some previous studies where we find little difference between our exact and quasi-Newtonian solutions even up to $k=10 c^{-1} \mathcal{H}_0$.
Figure S6g from Expansion in geographical and morphological space drives continued lineage diversification in a global passerine radiation
Creators: name: Kennedy, Jonathan D.
name: Borregaard, Michael K.
name: Marki, Petter Z.
name: Machac, Antonin
name: Fjeldså, Jon
name: Rahbek, Carsten
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Why diversification rates vary so extensively across the tree of life remains an important yet unresolved issue in biology. Two prominent and potentially independent factors proposed to explain these trends reflect the capacity of lineages to expand into new areas of (i) geographical or (ii) ecological space. Here, we present the first global assessment of how diversification rates vary as a consequence of geographical and ecological expansion, studying these trends among 15 speciose passerine families (together approximately 750 species) using phylogenetic path analysis. We find that relative slowdowns in diversification rates characterize families that have accumulated large numbers of co-occurring species (at the 1° scale) within restricted geographical areas. Conversely, more constant diversification through time is prevalent among families in which species show limited range overlap. Relative co-occurrence is itself also a strong predictor of ecological divergence (here approximated by morphological divergence among species); however, once the relationship between co-occurrence and diversification rates have been accounted for, increased ecological divergence is an additional explanatory factor accounting for why some lineages continue to diversify towards the present. We conclude that opportunities for prolonged diversification are predominantly determined by continued geographical range expansion and to a lesser degree by ecological divergence among lineages.
Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Airway Smooth Muscle
Creators: name: Zhang, Zhu Shan
name: Eu, Jerry P.
name: Stiber, Jonathan A.
name: Meissner, Gerhard
name: McMahon, Timothy J.
name: Du, Wanglei
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Excitation-contraction (EC) coupling in striated muscles is mediated by the cardiac or skeletal muscle isoform of voltage-dependent L-type Ca(2+) channel (Ca(v)1.2 and Ca(v)1.1, respectively) that senses a depolarization of the cell membrane, and in response, activates its corresponding isoform of intracellular Ca(2+) release channel/ryanodine receptor (RyR) to release stored Ca(2+), thereby initiating muscle contraction. Specifically, in cardiac muscle following cell membrane depolarization, Ca(v)1.2 activates cardiac RyR (RyR2) through an influx of extracellular Ca(2+). In contrast, in skeletal muscle, Ca(v)1.1 activates skeletal muscle RyR (RyR1) through a direct physical coupling that negates the need for extracellular Ca(2+). Since airway smooth muscle (ASM) expresses Ca(v)1.2 and all three RyR isoforms, we examined whether a cardiac muscle type of EC coupling also mediates contraction in this tissue. We found that the sustained contractions of rat ASM preparations induced by depolarization with KCl were indeed partially reversed ( approximately 40%) by 200 mum ryanodine, thus indicating a functional coupling of L-type channels and RyRs in ASM. However, KCl still caused transient ASM contractions and stored Ca(2+) release in cultured ASM cells without extracellular Ca(2+). Further analyses of rat ASM indicated that this tissue expresses as many as four L-type channel isoforms, including Ca(v)1.1. Moreover, Ca(v)1.1 and RyR1 in rat ASM cells have a similar distribution near the cell membrane in rat ASM cells and thus may be directly coupled as in skeletal muscle. Collectively, our data implicate that EC-coupling mechanisms in striated muscles may also broadly transduce diverse smooth muscle functions.
Figure S6f from Expansion in geographical and morphological space drives continued lineage diversification in a global passerine radiation
Creators: name: Kennedy, Jonathan D.
name: Borregaard, Michael K.
name: Marki, Petter Z.
name: Machac, Antonin
name: Fjeldså, Jon
name: Rahbek, Carsten
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Why diversification rates vary so extensively across the tree of life remains an important yet unresolved issue in biology. Two prominent and potentially independent factors proposed to explain these trends reflect the capacity of lineages to expand into new areas of (i) geographical or (ii) ecological space. Here, we present the first global assessment of how diversification rates vary as a consequence of geographical and ecological expansion, studying these trends among 15 speciose passerine families (together approximately 750 species) using phylogenetic path analysis. We find that relative slowdowns in diversification rates characterize families that have accumulated large numbers of co-occurring species (at the 1° scale) within restricted geographical areas. Conversely, more constant diversification through time is prevalent among families in which species show limited range overlap. Relative co-occurrence is itself also a strong predictor of ecological divergence (here approximated by morphological divergence among species); however, once the relationship between co-occurrence and diversification rates have been accounted for, increased ecological divergence is an additional explanatory factor accounting for why some lineages continue to diversify towards the present. We conclude that opportunities for prolonged diversification are predominantly determined by continued geographical range expansion and to a lesser degree by ecological divergence among lineages.
Extracellular NAD + Is an Agonist of the Human P2Y 11 Purinergic Receptor in Human Granulocytes
Creators: name: Fruscione, Floriana
name: Sturla, Laura
name: Usai, Cesare
name: Moreschi, Iliana
name: Zocchi, Elena
name: Nicholas, Robert A.
name: Bruzzone, Santina
name: Meis, Sabine
name: Kassack, Matthias U.
name: De Flora, Antonio
name: Benvenuto, Federica
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Micromolar concentrations of extracellular beta-NAD+ (NAD(e)+) activate human granulocytes (superoxide and NO generation and chemotaxis) by triggering: (i) overproduction of cAMP, (ii) activation of protein kinase A, (iii) stimulation of ADP-ribosyl cyclase and overproduction of cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR), a universal Ca2+ mobilizer, and (iv) influx of extracellular Ca2+. Here we demonstrate that exposure of granulocytes to millimolar rather than to micromolar NAD(e)+ generates both inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and cAMP, with a two-step elevation of intracellular calcium levels ([Ca2+]i): a rapid, IP3-mediated Ca2+ release, followed by a sustained influx of extracellular Ca2+ mediated by cADPR. Suramin, an inhibitor of P2Y receptors, abrogated NAD(e)+-induced intracellular increases of IP3, cAMP, cADPR, and [Ca2+]i, suggesting a role for a P2Y receptor coupled to both phospholipase C and adenylyl cyclase. The P2Y(11) receptor is the only known member of the P2Y receptor subfamily coupled to both phospholipase C and adenylyl cyclase. Therefore, we performed experiments on hP2Y(11)-transfected 1321N1 astrocytoma cells: micromolar NAD(e)+ promoted a two-step elevation of the [Ca2+]i due to the enhanced intracellular production of IP3, cAMP, and cADPR in 1321N1-hP2Y(11) but not in untransfected 1321N1 cells. In human granulocytes NF157, a selective and potent inhibitor of P2Y(11), and the down-regulation of P2Y(11) expression by short interference RNA prevented NAD(e)+-induced intracellular increases of [Ca2+]i and chemotaxis. These results demonstrate that beta-NAD(e)+ is an agonist of the P2Y(11) purinoceptor and that P2Y(11) is the endogenous receptor in granulocytes mediating the sustained [Ca2+]i increase responsible for their functional activation.
Identification of a Filamin Docking Site on PTP-PEST
Creators: name: Playford, Martin P.
name: Sastry, Sarita K.
name: Lyons, Patrick D.
name: Schaller, Michael D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: PTP-PEST is a cytoplasmic protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) implicated in the regulation of biological processes such as cell motility, cytokinesis, focal adhesion disassembly, and lymphocyte activation. Using a proteomics approach, filamin-A was identified as a novel interacting protein that bound to GST-PTP-PEST. This interaction was confirmed in vitro and in cells by coimmunoprecipitation. The site of filamin interaction on PTP-PEST was mapped to the fourth proline-rich region (Pro4). PTP-PEST has previously been implicated in the regulation of cytokinesis. In further support of this finding, expression of PTP-PEST in HeLa cells resulted in the formation of multinucleated cells. A PTP-PEST mutant lacking Pro4 and unable to bind filamin-A failed to induce the multinucleated phenotype. Further, depletion of filamin-A in HeLa cells was found to reduce the PTP-PEST-dependent multinucleation phenotype. Hence, we conclude that the interaction of PTP-PEST with filamin-A may function in the control of cytokinesis in mammalian cells.
Mining Missing Hyperlinks from Human Navigation Traces: A Case Study of Wikipedia
Creators: name: West, Robert
name: Paranjape, Ashwin
name: Leskovec, Jure
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Hyperlinks are an essential feature of the World Wide Web. They are especially important for online encyclopedias such as Wikipedia: an article can often only be understood in the context of related articles, and hyperlinks make it easy to explore this context. But important links are often missing, and several methods have been proposed to alleviate this problem by learning a linking model based on the structure of the existing links. Here we propose a novel approach to identifying missing links in Wikipedia. We build on the fact that the ultimate purpose of Wikipedia links is to aid navigation. Rather than merely suggesting new links that are in tune with the structure of existing links, our method finds missing links that would immediately enhance Wikipedia's navigability. We leverage data sets of navigation paths collected through a Wikipedia-based human-computation game in which users must find a short path from a start to a target article by only clicking links encountered along the way. We harness human navigational traces to identify a set of candidates for missing links and then rank these candidates. Experiments show that our procedure identifies missing links of high quality.
Regional Costs of Harvesting, Storing and Packing Apples
Creators: name: Podany, Joseph C.
name: Bohall, Robert W.
name: Podany, Joseph C.
name: Bohall, Robert W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1971
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Production Economics
subject: Apples
subject: costs
subject: harvesting
subject: storing
subject: packing
subject: selling

description: Harvesting, storing, and packing costs for fresh apples for the 1969/70 season were obtained in a survey of 232 firms in 5 major production areas. Harvesting costs per bushel, including picking and hauling the apples to the packing shed or storage, ranged from 29 cents in the Northwest to 44 cents in the Northeast. Regular atmosphere and controlled atmosphere storage charges were found to be lowest in California and the Lake States and highest in the Northwest, reflecting the supply and demand for storage services. Returns to growers were higher for controlled atmosphere stored apples than for regular atmosphere stored apples.
ΔS=2 and ΔC=2 bag parameters in the SM and beyond from Nf=2+1+1 twisted-mass LQCD
Creators: name: Carrasco, N.
name: Dimopoulos, P.
name: Frezzotti, R.
name: Lubicz, V.
name: Rossi, G. C
name: Simula, S.
name: Tarantino, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present unquenched lattice QCD results for the matrix elements of four-fermion operators relevant to the description of the neutral K and D mixing in the Standard Model and its extensions. We have employed simulations with Nf = 2 + 1 + 1 dynamical sea quarks at three values of the lattice spacings in the interval 0.06 - 0.09 fm and pseudoscalar meson masses in the range 210 - 450 MeV. Our results are extrapolated to the continuum limit and to the physical pion mass. Renormalization constants have been determined non-perturbatively in the RI-MOM scheme. In particular, for the Kaon bag-parameter, which is relevant for the \overline{K}^0-K^0 mixing in the Standard Model, we obtain B_K^{RGI} = 0.717(24).
description: Added comments to error budget discussion; fig.19 corrected. Version to appear in PRD
(1603) Arthur Lupton
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Figure S6i from Expansion in geographical and morphological space drives continued lineage diversification in a global passerine radiation.
Creators: name: Kennedy, Jonathan D.
name: Borregaard, Michael K.
name: Marki, Petter Z.
name: Machac, Antonin
name: Fjeldså, Jon
name: Rahbek, Carsten
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Why diversification rates vary so extensively across the tree of life remains an important yet unresolved issue in biology. Two prominent and potentially independent factors proposed to explain these trends reflect the capacity of lineages to expand into new areas of (i) geographical or (ii) ecological space. Here, we present the first global assessment of how diversification rates vary as a consequence of geographical and ecological expansion, studying these trends among 15 speciose passerine families (together approximately 750 species) using phylogenetic path analysis. We find that relative slowdowns in diversification rates characterize families that have accumulated large numbers of co-occurring species (at the 1° scale) within restricted geographical areas. Conversely, more constant diversification through time is prevalent among families in which species show limited range overlap. Relative co-occurrence is itself also a strong predictor of ecological divergence (here approximated by morphological divergence among species); however, once the relationship between co-occurrence and diversification rates have been accounted for, increased ecological divergence is an additional explanatory factor accounting for why some lineages continue to diversify towards the present. We conclude that opportunities for prolonged diversification are predominantly determined by continued geographical range expansion and to a lesser degree by ecological divergence among lineages.
Universally Coupled Massive Gravity, III: dRGT-Maheshwari Pure Spin-$2$, Ogievetsky-Polubarinov and Arbitrary Mass Terms
Creators: name: Pitts, J. Brian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Einstein's equations were derived for a free massless spin-$2$ field using universal coupling in the 1950-70s by various authors; total stress-energy including gravity's served as a source for linear free field equations. A massive variant was likewise derived in the late 1960s by Freund, Maheshwari and Schonberg, and thought to be unique. How broad is universal coupling? In the last decade four $1$-parameter families of massive spin-$2$ theories (contravariant, covariant, tetrad, and cotetrad of almost any density weights) have been derived using universal coupling. The (co)tetrad derivations included 2 of the 3 pure spin-$2$ theories due to de Rham, Gabadadze, and Tolley; those two theories first appeared in the $2$-parameter Ogievetsky-Polubarinov family (1965), which developed the symmetric square root of the metric as a nonlinear group realization. One of the two theories was identified as pure spin-$2$ by Maheshwari in 1971-2, thus evading the Boulware-Deser-Tyutin-Fradkin ghost by the time it was announced. Unlike the previous 4 families, this paper permits _nonlinear_ field redefinitions to build the effective metric. By not insisting in advance on knowing the observable significance of the graviton potential to all orders, one finds that an _arbitrary_ graviton mass term can be derived using universal coupling. The arbitrariness of a universally coupled mass/self-interaction term contrasts sharply with the uniqueness of the Einstein kinetic term. One might have hoped to use universal coupling as a tie-breaking criterion for choosing among theories that are equally satisfactory on more crucial grounds (such as lacking ghosts and having a smooth massless limit). But the ubiquity of universal coupling implies that the criterion doesn't favor any particular theories among those with the Einstein kinetic term.
IKK-i/IKKϵ Controls Constitutive, Cancer Cell-associated NF-κB Activity via Regulation of Ser-536 p65/RelA Phosphorylation
Creators: name: Adli, Mazhar
name: Baldwin, Albert S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) has been studied extensively as an inducible transcriptional regulator of the immune and inflammatory response. NF-kappaB activation downstream of lipopolysaccharide or cytokine stimulation is controlled by the IkappaB kinase complex, which contains IKKalpha and IKKbeta. Significantly, the constitutive activity of NF-kappaB has been implicated as an important aspect of many cancer cells, but mechanisms associated with this activity are poorly understood. An inducible kinase, IKK-i/IKKepsilon, related to the catalytic forms of the IkappaB kinase, has been studied as an anti-viral, innate immune regulator through its ability to control the activity of the transcription factors IRF-3 and IRF-7. Here, we demonstrate that IKK-i/IKKepsilon is expressed in a number of cancer cells and is involved in regulating NF-kappaB activity through its ability to control basal/constitutive, but not cytokine-induced, p65/RelA phosphorylation at Ser-536, a modification proposed to contribute to the transactivation function of NF-kappaB. Knockdown of IKK-i/IKKepsilon or expression of a S536A mutant form of p65 suppresses HeLa cell proliferation. The data indicate a role for IKK-i/IKKepsilon in controlling proliferation of certain cancer cells through regulation of constitutive NF-kappaB activity.
Figure S6h from Expansion in geographical and morphological space drives continued lineage diversification in a global passerine radiation
Creators: name: Kennedy, Jonathan D.
name: Borregaard, Michael K.
name: Marki, Petter Z.
name: Machac, Antonin
name: Fjeldså, Jon
name: Rahbek, Carsten
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Why diversification rates vary so extensively across the tree of life remains an important yet unresolved issue in biology. Two prominent and potentially independent factors proposed to explain these trends reflect the capacity of lineages to expand into new areas of (i) geographical or (ii) ecological space. Here, we present the first global assessment of how diversification rates vary as a consequence of geographical and ecological expansion, studying these trends among 15 speciose passerine families (together approximately 750 species) using phylogenetic path analysis. We find that relative slowdowns in diversification rates characterize families that have accumulated large numbers of co-occurring species (at the 1° scale) within restricted geographical areas. Conversely, more constant diversification through time is prevalent among families in which species show limited range overlap. Relative co-occurrence is itself also a strong predictor of ecological divergence (here approximated by morphological divergence among species); however, once the relationship between co-occurrence and diversification rates have been accounted for, increased ecological divergence is an additional explanatory factor accounting for why some lineages continue to diversify towards the present. We conclude that opportunities for prolonged diversification are predominantly determined by continued geographical range expansion and to a lesser degree by ecological divergence among lineages.
Unraveling the organization of the QCD tapestry
Creators: name: Papavassiliou, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I review some key aspects of the ongoing progress in our understanding of the infrared dynamics of the QCD Green's functions, derived from the close synergy between Schwinger-Dyson equations and lattice simulations. Particular attention is dedicated to the elaborate nonperturbative mechanisms that endow the fundamental degrees of freedom (quarks and gluons) with dynamical masses. In addition, the recently established connection between the effective interaction obtained from the gauge sector of the theory and that needed for the veracious description of the ground-state properties of hadrons is briefly presented.
description: 17 pages, 15 figures. Plenary talk given at Discrete 2014 - Fourth Symposium on Prospects in the Physics of Discrete Symmetries. 2-6 December, 2014 - King's College, London, England
CO2 Emission Analysis of Energy Consumption in Agricultural Sector
Creators: name: Kim, Chungsil
name: Kim, Chungsil
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: energy input-output table
subject: environmental input-output table
subject: CO2 emission

description: This paper aims to identify key production sectors of agriculture that are responsible for CO2 emissions due to fuel combustion activities. For this purpose, we constructed an energy input-output and an environmental input-output table from a supply perspective. The former consists of three tables which contain data about energy input amount of money, energy input amount of substance, and energy input amount of calories based on input-output table. The latter is created by energy input-output table. This procedure reveals that certain sectors consume energy or emit CO2 more than other sectors of agriculture. The agricultural sectors as a whole consume 1,826thousand TOE of energy and emits 2,259thousand tons of CO2 due to fossil fuel combustion. Diesel oil (826,545TOE) is the most consumed in Agricultural sectors. The prime sectors of CO2 emissions in agriculture are vegetables and rice sectors. The highest level of CO2 emissions per unit of output is produced in floriculture (0.33ton-CO2/million won).
Insights into Allosteric Control of Vinculin Function from Its Large Scale Conformational Dynamics
Creators: name: Dokholyan, Nikolay V.
name: Chen, Yiwen
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Vinculin is an important constituent of both cell-cell and cell-matrix junctions, where it plays crucial roles in the regulation of cell adhesion and migration. When activated, it mediates the linkage between cadherins (cell-cell) or integrins (cell-matrix) and the actin cytoskeleton through interactions with various proteins. The activation of vinculin requires structural conversions from an autoinhibited conformation to the "open" conformations in which the occluded binding sites of its different ligands become exposed, while the structural dynamics underlying the vinculin activation remains largely unknown. Here we report the first computational study of large scale conformational dynamics of full-length vinculin. We find that the "holding" and "releasing" motions between vinculin tail and pincer-like structure formed by first three domains of vinculin are the dominant motions near the native state of vinculin, indicating that an inherent flexibility of vinculin has a large influence on its allostery. We also find a cooperative dissociation between the head and tail domains of vinculin with increasing temperature in both thermodynamic and kinetic simulations, implying that vinculin may function as an allosteric switch in response to external signals. We show that the kinetics of vinculin unfolding exhibits specific sequential patterns, suggesting that a sophisticated interplay between domains may synergistically contribute to vinculin activation. We further find that the interaction between vinculin-binding site peptide from talin and vinculin significantly destabilizes the intramolecular head-tail interactions, suggesting a direct role of talin binding in vinculin activation.
IpaA Targets β1 Integrins and Rho to Promote Actin Cytoskeleton Rearrangements Necessary for Shigella Entry
Creators: name: Jue, April L.
name: DeMali, Kris A.
name: Burridge, Keith
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Shigella invasion into the colonic epithelium involves many steps including the formation of large membrane protrusions by the epithelial cells that facilitate bacterial engulfment. IpaA, a Shigella protein secreted into target cells upon cell contact induces a loss of actin stress fibers in cells and promotes the reorganization of actin at the site of entry. The mechanism for this is not known but is thought to involve recruitment of the focal adhesion protein vinculin to IpaA. Here we have examined the mechanism for the effects of IpaA on the actin cytoskeleton. We show that IpaA-induced loss of actin stress fibers and cell rounding do not require vinculin expression or an intact vinculin binding site on IpaA. Rather, we find that cells expressing IpaA exhibited elevated Rho activity and increased myosin light chain phosphorylation. In addition, IpaA decreases integrin affinity for extracellular matrix ligands by interfering with talin recruitment to the integrin cytoplasmic tail. The combination of these two effects, namely weakened adhesion and increased contractility, account for the loss of actin stress fibers and cell rounding observed in cells exposed to IpaA.
Light-flavor squark reconstruction at CLIC
Creators: name: Simon, Frank
name: Weuste, Lars
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a simulation study of the prospects for the mass measurement of TeV-scale light-flavored right-handed squarks at a 3 TeV e+e- collider based on CLIC technology. In the considered model, these particles decay into their standard-model counterparts and the lightest neutralino, resulting in a signature of two jets plus missing energy. The analysis is based on full GEANT4 simulations of the CLIC_ILD detector concept, including Standard Model physics backgrounds and beam-induced hadronic backgrounds from two-photon processes. The analysis serves as a generic benchmark for the reconstruction of highly energetic jets in events with substantial missing energy. Several jet finding algorithms were evaluated, with the longitudinally invariant kt algorithm showing a high degree of robustness towards beam-induced background while preserving the features typically found in algorithms developed for e+e- collisions. The presented study of the reconstruction of light-flavored squarks shows that for TeV-scale squark masses, sub-percent accuracy on the mass measurement can be achieved at CLIC.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in EPJC
Figure S6j from Expansion in geographical and morphological space drives continued lineage diversification in a global passerine radiation.
Creators: name: Kennedy, Jonathan D.
name: Borregaard, Michael K.
name: Marki, Petter Z.
name: Machac, Antonin
name: Fjeldså, Jon
name: Rahbek, Carsten
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Why diversification rates vary so extensively across the tree of life remains an important yet unresolved issue in biology. Two prominent and potentially independent factors proposed to explain these trends reflect the capacity of lineages to expand into new areas of (i) geographical or (ii) ecological space. Here, we present the first global assessment of how diversification rates vary as a consequence of geographical and ecological expansion, studying these trends among 15 speciose passerine families (together approximately 750 species) using phylogenetic path analysis. We find that relative slowdowns in diversification rates characterize families that have accumulated large numbers of co-occurring species (at the 1° scale) within restricted geographical areas. Conversely, more constant diversification through time is prevalent among families in which species show limited range overlap. Relative co-occurrence is itself also a strong predictor of ecological divergence (here approximated by morphological divergence among species); however, once the relationship between co-occurrence and diversification rates have been accounted for, increased ecological divergence is an additional explanatory factor accounting for why some lineages continue to diversify towards the present. We conclude that opportunities for prolonged diversification are predominantly determined by continued geographical range expansion and to a lesser degree by ecological divergence among lineages.
(1605) Janet Wicksteed
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Kinetic Investigation of Escherichia coli RNA Polymerase Mutants That Influence Nucleotide Discrimination and Transcription Fidelity
Creators: name: Holmes, Shannon F.
name: Cunningham, Candice K.
name: Erie, Dorothy A.
name: Santangelo, Thomas J.
name: Roberts, Jeffrey W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Recent RNA polymerase (RNAP) structures led to a proposed three-step model of nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) binding, discrimination, and incorporation. NTPs are thought to enter through the secondary channel, bind to an E site, rotate into a pre-insertion (PS) site, and ultimately align in the catalytic (A) site. We characterized the kinetics of correct and incorrect incorporation for several Escherichia coli RNAPs with substitutions in the proposed NTP entry pore (secondary channel). Substitutions of the semi-conserved residue betaAsp(675), which is >10A away from these sites, significantly reduce fidelity; however, substitutions of the totally conserved residues betaArg(678) and betaAsp(814) do not significantly alter the correct or incorrect incorporation kinetics, even though the corresponding residues in RNAPII crystal structures appear to be interacting with the NTP phosphate groups and coordinating the second magnesium ion in the active site, respectively. Structural analysis suggests that the lower fidelity of the betaAsp(675) mutants most likely results from reduction of the negative potential of a small pore between the E and PS sites and elimination of several structural interactions around the pore. We suggest a mechanism of nucleotide discrimination that is governed both by rotation of the NTP through this pore and subsequent rearrangement or closure of RNAP to align the NTP in the A site.
Knocking Down Type 2 but Not Type 1 Calsequestrin Reduces Calcium Sequestration and Release in C 2 C 12 Skeletal Muscle Myotubes
Creators: name: Xu, Le
name: Meissner, Gerhard
name: Eu, Jerry P.
name: Pasek, Daniel A.
name: Duan, Hongzhe
name: Wang, Ying
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: We examined the roles of type 1 and type 2 calsequestrins (CSQ1 and CSQ2) in stored Ca2+ release of C2C12 skeletal muscle myotubes. Transduction of C2C12 myoblasts with CSQ1 or CSQ2 small interfering RNAs effectively reduced the expression of targeted CSQ protein to near undetectable levels. As compared with control infected or CSQ1 knockdown myotubes, CSQ2 and CSQ1/CSQ2 knockdown myotubes had significantly reduced stored Ca2+ release evoked by activators of intracellular Ca2+ release channel/ryanodine receptor (10 mM caffeine, 200 microM 4-chloro-m-cresol, or 10 mM KCl). Thus, CSQ1 is not essential for effective stored Ca2+ release in C2C12 myotubes despite our in vitro studies suggesting that CSQ1 may enhance ryanodine receptor channel activity. To determine the basis of the reduced stored Ca2+ release in CSQ2 knockdown myotubes, we performed immunoblot analyses and found a significant reduction in both sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase and skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor proteins in CSQ2 and CSQ1/CSQ2 knockdown myotubes. Moreover, these knockdown myotubes exhibited reduced Ca2+ uptake and reduced stored Ca2+ release by UTP (400 microM) that activates a different family of intracellular Ca2+ release channels (inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors). Taken together, our data suggest that knocking down CSQ2, but not CSQ1, leads to reduced Ca2+ storage and release in C2C12 myotubes.
Mechanism of Stimulation of Human DNA Ligase I by the Rad9-Rad1-Hus1 Checkpoint Complex
Creators: name: Wang, Wensheng
name: Bambara, Robert A.
name: Lindsey-Boltz, Laura A.
name: Sancar, Aziz
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Accumulating evidence suggests that the Rad9-Rad1-Hus1 (9-1-1) checkpoint complex, known to be a sensor of DNA damage, is also a component of DNA repair systems. Recent results show that 9-1-1 interacts with several base excision repair proteins. It binds the DNA glycosylase MutY homolog, and stimulates DNA polymerase beta, flap endonuclease 1, and DNA ligase I. 9-1-1 resembles proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), which stimulates some of these same repair enzymes, and is loaded onto DNA in a similar manner. The complex of 9-1-1 with DNA ligase I can be immunoprecipitated from human cells. Moreover, UV irradiation stimulates 9-1-1.ligase I complex formation, suggesting a role for 9-1-1 in DNA repair. Examining the nature of 9-1-1 interaction with DNA ligase I, we show that there is a similar degree of stimulation on ligation substrates with different structures, and that there is specificity for DNA ligase I. 9-1-1 improves the binding of DNA ligase I to nicked double strand DNA. Furthermore, although high concentrations of casein kinase II strongly inhibits DNA ligase I activity, it does not affect the ability of 9-1-1 to stimulate. This suggests that 9-1-1 is also an activator of DNA ligase I during DNA damage. Unlike PCNA, 9-1-1 stimulates DNA ligase I activity to the same extent on both linear and circular substrates, indicating that encirclement is not a requirement for stimulation. These data are consistent with a direct role for 9-1-1 in DNA repair, but possibly employing a different mechanism than PCNA.