cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
THE IMPACT OF ADDICTION INFORMATION ON CIGARETTE CONSUMPTION
Creators: name: Fenn, Aju J.
name: Antonovitz, Frances
name: Fenn, Aju J.
name: Antonovitz, Frances
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
Health Economics and Policy

description: Although cigarette producers knew that nicotine was addictive in the early 1960's, this information was not publicly known until the 1979 Surgeon General's Report. This study finds that the release of addiction information caused a structural shift in cigarette demand and estimates the value of the information using consumer surplus measures.
Diagnosing collisionless energy transfer using field-particle correlations: Alfven-Ion Cyclotron Turbulence
Creators: name: Klein, Kristopher G.
name: Howes, Gregory G.
name: TenBarge, Jason M.
name: Valentini, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply field-particle correlations -- a technique that tracks the time-averaged velocity-space structure of the energy density transfer rate between electromagnetic fields and plasma particles -- to data drawn from a hybrid Vlasov-Maxwell simulation of Alfvén Ion-Cyclotron turbulence. Energy transfer in this system is expected to include both Landau and cyclotron wave-particle resonances, unlike previous systems to which the field-particle correlation technique has been applied. In this simulation, the energy transfer rate mediated by the parallel electric field $E_\parallel$ comprises approximately $60\%$ of the total rate, with the remainder mediated by the perpendicular electric field $E_\perp$. The parallel electric field resonantly couples to protons, with the canonical bipolar velocity-space signature of Landau damping identified at many points throughout the simulation. The energy transfer mediated by $E_\perp$ preferentially couples to particles with $v_{tp} \lesssim v_\perp \lesssim 3 v_{tp}$ in agreement with the expected formation of a cyclotron diffusion plateau. Our results demonstrate clearly that the field-particle correlation technique can distinguish distinct channels of energy transfer using single-point measurements, even at points in which multiple channels act simultaneously, and can be used to determine quantitatively the rates of particle energization in each channel.
description: 32 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in Journal of Plasma Physics
Area Spectrum of Near Extremal Black Branes from Quasi-normal Modes
Creators: name: Setare, M R
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the recent interest in quantization of black hole area spectrum, we consider the area spectrum of near extremal black $3-$branes. Based on the proposal by Bekenstein and others that the black hole area spectrum is discrete and equally spaced, we implement Kunstatter's method to derive the area spectrum for the near extremal black $3-$branes. The result for the area of event horizon although discrete, is not equally spaced.
description: 8 pages, no figures, accepted for publication in IJTP
Search for the lepton flavor violating decay $\tau \to$ 3$\mu$ in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: p p: colliding beams
lepton: flavor: violation
p p: scattering
hadron: decay
tau: branching ratio: upper limit
CERN LHC Coll
heavy quark
background
CMS
experimental results
tau --> 3muon
13000 GeV-cms

description: Results are reported from a search for the lepton flavor violating decay $\tau \to$ 3$\mu$ in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$ 13 TeV. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 33.2 fb$^{-1}$ recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2016. The search exploits $\tau$ leptons produced in both W boson and heavy-flavor hadron decays. No significant excess above the expected background is observed. An upper limit on the branching fraction $\mathcal{B}(\tau \to$ 3$\mu)$ of 8.0 $\times$ 10$^{-8}$ at 90% confidence level is obtained, with an expected upper limit of 6.9 $\times$ 10$^{-8}$.
HYSTERESIS AND THE SHORTAGE OF AGRICULTURAL LABOR
Creators: name: Bryant, Amy
name: Richards, Timothy J.
name: Bryant, Amy
name: Richards, Timothy J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: The GAO disputes growers' claims of a labor shortage, using unreliable farm employment data rather than relative wages. A shortage, implying a failure of intersectoral arbitrage, may arise due to hysteresis in labor movement. Estimates find the probability of a farm labor shortage (30%) three times that of a surplus.
NONPARAMETRIC KERNEL ESTIMATION OF MULTIPLE HEDGE RATIOS
Creators: name: Kim, MinKyoung
name: Leuthold, Raymond M.
name: Kim, MinKyoung
name: Leuthold, Raymond M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Risk and Uncertainty

description: It is possible for the traditional hedge ratio estimation to produce erroneous guidance to risk managers because of the restrictive assumptions. This study adopts nonparametric locally polynomial kernel estimation to exclude the assumptions. Results from the hog complex find that hedge ratios estimated by local polynomial kernel regression outperform naïve and GARCH models. Because of the potential assumption violations associated with the estimation and implementation of hedge ratios by GARCH models, LPK is a reasonable alternative for estimating hedge ratios to manage price risks.
Supporting information from Formation of amyloid fibrils by the regulatory 14-3-3ζ protein
Creators: name: Šulskis, Darius
name: Žiaunys, Mantas
name: Sakalauskas, Andrius
name: Sniečkutė, Rūta
name: Smirnovas, Vytautas
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 310199
subject: Biochemistry and cell biology not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 310908
subject: Animal physiology - biophysics
classificationCode: 320802
subject: Human biophysics

description: Contains data from predictors, additional AFM images and primers used for the Senp1 protease domain cloning
Was lernen wir über das frühe Christentum aus der Archäologie des Heiligen Landes?
Creators: name: Markschies, Christoph
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: 270 Geschichte des Christentums, Kirchengeschichte

description: The recent broadly debated discoveries, which apparently designate the graves of Jesus of Nazareth's family, force us to deal with an old problem in a new degree of poignancy: what can archaeological research really tell us about early Christianity? The essay shows that the traces of Jesus' family cannot be found in the graves of Jerusalem and that the ossuaries allow at best only onomastic observations. There are, furthermore, no definitive traces of sanctuaries from the pre-Constantine period. The same can be said for the most recent finds at the Megiddo-Junction. The area does, however, offer a great deal of versatile material from the post-Constantine period, for example the so-called “Camp of the Bedouine Bishops”, which allows us to draw interesting conclusions for the assimilation of Christianity into the Bedouine culture.
Automated segmentation of retinal fluid volumes from structural and angiographic optical coherence tomography using deep learning
Creators: name: Guo, Yukun
name: Hormel, Tristan T.
name: Xiong, Honglian
name: Wang, Jie
name: Hwang, Thomas S.
name: Jia, Yali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Purpose: We proposed a deep convolutional neural network (CNN), named Retinal Fluid Segmentation Network (ReF-Net) to segment volumetric retinal fluid on optical coherence tomography (OCT) volume. Methods: 3 x 3-mm OCT scans were acquired on one eye by a 70-kHz OCT commercial AngioVue system (RTVue-XR; Optovue, Inc.) from 51 participants in a clinical diabetic retinopathy (DR) study (45 with retinal edema and 6 healthy controls). A CNN with U-Net-like architecture was constructed to detect and segment the retinal fluid. Cross-sectional OCT and angiography (OCTA) scans were used for training and testing ReF-Net. The effect of including OCTA data for retinal fluid segmentation was investigated in this study. Volumetric retinal fluid can be constructed using the output of ReF-Net. Area-under-Receiver-Operating-Characteristic-curve (AROC), intersection-over-union (IoU), and F1-score were calculated to evaluate the performance of ReF-Net. Results: ReF-Net shows high accuracy (F1 = 0.864 +/- 0.084) in retinal fluid segmentation. The performance can be further improved (F1 = 0.892 +/- 0.038) by including information from both OCTA and structural OCT. ReF-Net also shows strong robustness to shadow artifacts. Volumetric retinal fluid can provide more comprehensive information than the 2D area, whether cross-sectional or en face projections. Conclusions: A deep-learning-based method can accurately segment retinal fluid volumetrically on OCT/OCTA scans with strong robustness to shadow artifacts. OCTA data can improve retinal fluid segmentation. Volumetric representations of retinal fluid are superior to 2D projections. Translational Relevance: Using a deep learning method to segment retinal fluid volumetrically has the potential to improve the diagnostic accuracy of diabetic macular edema by OCT systems.
Ion trap transducers for quantum electromechanical oscillators
Creators: name: Hensinger, W. K.
name: Utami, D. W.
name: Goan, H. -S.
name: Schwab, K.
name: Monroe, C.
name: Milburn, G. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An enduring challenge for contemporary physics is to experimentally observe and control quantum behavior in macroscopic systems. We show that a single trapped atomic ion could be used to probe the quantum nature of a mesoscopic mechanical oscillator precooled to 4K, and furthermore, to cool the oscillator with high efficiency to its quantum ground state. The proposed experiment could be performed using currently available technology.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
AN ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK FOR DISCUSSING FARM BUSINESS INTERRUPTION INSURANCE FOR CLASSICAL SWINE FEVER
Creators: name: Meuwissen, Miranda P.M.
name: Skees, Jerry R.
name: Black, J. Roy
name: Huirne, Ruud B.M.
name: Dijkhuizen, Aalt A.
name: Meuwissen, Miranda P.M.
name: Skees, Jerry R.
name: Black, J. Roy
name: Huirne, Ruud B.M.
name: Dijkhuizen, Aalt A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries
Risk and Uncertainty

description: This paper studies farm business interruption insurance for Classical Swine Fever epidemics. Insight into the size of risk is obtained by a very detailed Monte-Carlo simulation model that includes both epidemiological and economic factors. The paper also considers issues such as farmers' and governments' influence on the size of risk.
Supporting information from Formation of amyloid fibrils by the regulatory 14-3-3ζ protein
Creators: name: Šulskis, Darius
name: Žiaunys, Mantas
name: Sakalauskas, Andrius
name: Sniečkutė, Rūta
name: Smirnovas, Vytautas
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 310199
subject: Biochemistry and cell biology not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 310908
subject: Animal physiology - biophysics
classificationCode: 320802
subject: Human biophysics

description: Contains data from predictors, additional AFM images and primers used for the Senp1 protease domain cloning
WHO WEARS THE PANTS IN THE FAMILY: POWER DISTRIBUTION IN FAMILY CONSUMPTION
Creators: name: Just, David R.
name: Heiman, Amir
name: Zilberman, David
name: Just, David R.
name: Heiman, Amir
name: Zilberman, David
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: This paper combines the Becker family production model with a cooperative bargaining model to analyze power distribution within the family. Family consumption decisions are often made by one person, but for several people, suggesting traditional decision theory is inadequate. Using data gathered in Israel, we show the significance of family relationships in purchasing behavior.
Generation of Solar Spicules and Subsequent Atmospheric Heating
Creators: name: Samanta, Tanmoy
name: Tian, Hui
name: Yurchyshyn, Vasyl
name: Peter, Hardi
name: Cao, Wenda
name: Sterling, Alphonse
name: Erdélyi, Robertus
name: Ahn, Kwangsu
name: Feng, Song
name: Utz, Dominik
name: Banerjee, Dipankar
name: Chen, Yajie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spicules are rapidly evolving fine-scale jets of magnetized plasma in the solar chromosphere. It remains unclear how these prevalent jets originate from the solar surface and what role they play in heating the solar atmosphere. Using the Goode Solar Telescope at the Big Bear Solar Observatory, we observed spicules emerging within minutes of the appearance of opposite-polarity magnetic flux around dominant-polarity magnetic field concentrations. Data from the Solar Dynamics Observatory showed subsequent heating of the adjacent corona. The dynamic interaction of magnetic fields (likely due to magnetic reconnection) in the partially ionized lower solar atmosphere appears to generate these spicules and heat the upper solar atmosphere.
description: Published in Science, File includes the main text and supplementary materials
DETECTING EVIDENCE OF NON-COMPLIANCE IN SELF-REPORTED POLLUTION EMISSIONS DATA: AN APPLICATION OF BENFORD'S LAW
Creators: name: Dumas, Christopher F.
name: Devine, John H.
name: Dumas, Christopher F.
name: Devine, John H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Benford
subject: digital frequency analysis
subject: pollution monitoring
subject: pollution regulation
subject: enforcement

description: The paper introduces Digital Frequency Analysis (DFA) based on Benford's Law as a new technique for detecting non-compliance in self-reported pollution emissions data. Public accounting firms are currently adopting DFA to detect fraud in financial data. We argue that DFA can be employed by environmental regulators to detect fraud in self-reported pollution emissions data. The theory of Benford's Law is reviewed, and statistical justifications for its potentially widespread applicability are presented. Several common DFA tests are described and applied to North Carolina air pollution emissions data in an empirical example.
WHY IS AGRICULTURAL LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY HIGHER IN SOME COUNTRIES THAN OTHERS?
Creators: name: Gutierrez, Luciano
name: Gutierrez, Luciano
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: growth
subject: labour productivity
subject: convergence

description: Agriculture productivity varies dramatically in different regions of the world. Using recent theories of economic growth and new data sets (Larson and al., 1999) as a guide, this study finds some empirical regularities between agricultural labour productivity growth, investment and education, as also for environmental factors, for 44 countries during the period 1980-1993. We find strong evidence that where agricultural investment and educated people rates are higher, agricultural labour productivity grows faster. Secondly, geographical factors as well as freer trade influence growth. Finally, we find evidence of conditional convergence, which means that cross-country agricultural productivity does not converge to the same level of steady state but that productivity in each country converges to its own long-run equilibrium.
EFFECTS OF HEALTH INFORMATION ON FRUIT AND VEGETABLE CONSUMPTION
Creators: name: Padilla, Luis
name: Acharya, Ram N.
name: Padilla, Luis
name: Acharya, Ram N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: US per capita fruit and vegetable consumption is below the level recommended for better health. The paper examines how health information linking diet and health, as measured by a health information index has affected fruit and vegetable consumption. Results indicate that health information has a significant impact on the consumption of grapes, bananas and citrus as well as in carrots, tomatoes and bell peppers. This suggests that raising public awareness about specific health benefits of eating fruits and vegetables can be an effective strategy to increase consumption.
Psychological predictors of children's pain and parents' medication practices following pediatric day surgery
Creators: name: Lilley, Christine Megan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Despite the increasing acceptance of biopsychosocial models of pain and multidisciplinary treatments for pain, relatively little is known about the specific psychological variables and social processes related to postoperative pain in children, especially in an outpatient setting. The present study examined demographic, medical, and psychological predictors of children's pain and parents' administration of pain medication. Two hundred and thirty-six families with children aged 2 to 12 undergoing day surgery participated in the study. This included a subset of 100 children aged 6 to 12, who were asked to complete self-report measures of anxiety, expected pain, coping style, and pain. Parents of all children completed measures of expected pain, expected benefit from medication, perspective taking, and negative attitudes towards analgesics. Parents and school-aged children completed pain diaries on the day of surgery and two days following surgery. The prevalence of clinically significant pain was somewhat lower than in previous studies, but both pain and undertreatment (parents who gave less than the recommended amount of pain medication) remained common. Predictors of pain were examined by multiple regression, using data from the subset of 100 children aged 6 to 12. More intense pain was related to more invasive surgery, a constellation of analgesic-related variables (more doses of analgesia given, the use of a regional block, the use of local infiltration), high anxiety, high expectations of pain, and a tendency to cope with pain by acting out and catastrophizing. Predictors of dosing were examined by multiple regression, using data from the entire sample of 236 children. Parents gave more medication when their children had invasive surgery and high levels of pain, when they expected a lot of pain, and when they were relatively unconcerned about the negative effects of pain medication. In each case, the psychological variables, entered as a block, were significant predictors of pain even after controlling for demographic and medical variables. Health care providers should be aware of psychological factors predicting pain, as they may help to identify families that are at "high risk" for pain and undermedication. In addition, the variables identified in this study are appropriate targets for further research on psychological factors that cause, mediate or contribute to pain processes, and as such may contribute to the development of theoretical models of pain and pain management.
NEW AGGREGATE AND SOURCE SPECIFIC PORK IMPORT DEMAND ELASTICITY FOR JAPAN: IMPLICATIONS TO U.S. EXPORTS
Creators: name: Fabiosa, Jacinto F.
name: Ukhova, Yekaterina S.
name: Fabiosa, Jacinto F.
name: Ukhova, Yekaterina S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
International Relations/Trade
Livestock Production/Industries

description: A two-stage model estimates aggregate and source-specific import demand elasticities for pork in Japan. The low income elasticity of imported pork and low income elasticity of U.S. pork reflect consumer survey results of low quality rating for imported pork compared to domestic pork, and rating for U.S. pork not higher than Canadian pork. To maintain and increase market share, the U.S. needs strategies to reverse consumer attitude by positioning U.S. pork as high quality, safe, and low cost.
Metabolomics on serum levels and liver of male Tupaia belangeri from 12 locations in China by GC–MS
Creators: name: Dongmin Hou
name: Jia, Ting
name: Zhang, Di
name: Wenrong Gao
name: Wanlong Zhu
name: Zhengkun Wang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 60806 Animal Physiological Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: This is a published article
Emergent behaviors of Cucker-Smale flocks on the hyperboloid
Creators: name: Ahn, Hyunjin
name: Ha, Seung-Yeal
name: Park, Hansol
name: Shim, Woojoo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 82C10, 82C22, 35B37

description: We study emergent behaviors of Cucker-Smale(CS) flocks on the hyperboloid $\mathbb{H}^d$ in any dimensions. In a recent work \cite{H-H-K-K-M}, a first-order aggregation model on the hyperboloid was proposed and its emergent dynamics was analyzed in terms of initial configuration and system parameters. In this paper, we are interested in the second-order modeling of Cucker-Smale flocks on the hyperboloid. For this, we derive our second-order model from the abstract CS model on complete and smooth Riemannian manifolds by explicitly calculating the geodesic and parallel transport. Velocity alignment has been shown by combining general {velocity alignment estimates} for the abstract CS model on manifolds and verifications of a priori estimate of second derivative of energy functional. For the two-dimensional case $\mathbb{H}^2$, similar to the recent result in \cite{A-H-S}, asymptotic flocking admits only two types of asymptotic scenarios, either convergence to a rest state or a state lying on the same plane (coplanar state). We also provide several numerical simulations to illustrate an aforementioned dichotomy on the asymptotic dynamics of the hyperboloid CS model on $\mathbb{H}^2$.
Transcriptome analysis identifies key genes involved in carotenoid biosynthesis in the flesh of red pummelo (Citrus maxima)
Creators: name: Dongxia Wang
name: Shiming Li
name: Wei, Le
name: Zongren Li
name: Baolong Liu
name: Cao, Dong
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Red-fleshed pummelo (Citrus grandis), a mutant of ‘Guanxi’, is an important economic plant rich in carotenoids. The transcriptome of ‘Guanxi’ pummelo was compared with red-fleshed pummelo, with the aim of identifying the key genes responsible for red flesh through RNA sequencing. In total, 44.11 and 47.71 Gb clean reads were respectively obtained after filtering in red and white flesh. Altogether 46,425 unigenes, with an average length of 1208 bp, were assembled. Compared with that of white flesh, 3722 genes were up-regulated, whereas 1421 genes appeared down-regulated in the red-fleshed pummelo. A GO analysis assigned 11,983 differentially expressed genes to 53 subcategories, and 3582, 4722 and 3679 differentially expressed genes were involved in biological processes, cellular components and molecular functions, respectively. The mevalonate pathway involved in terpenoid backbone biosynthesis was significantly different between ‘Guanxi’ pummelo and its red-fleshed mutant, and the differences were closely associated with carotenoid biosynthesis. The expression levels of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway genes were different between ‘Guanxi’ pummelo and its red-fleshed mutant, with the upstream genes having higher expression levels in red-fleshed pummelo than in ‘Guanxi’ pummelo, whereas the downstream gene β-CHX was downregulated. Two bHLH transcription factors (CL4778.Contig1 and CL4778.Contig2) were of the same branch as CubHLH1, regulating carotenoid biosynthesis in Citrus unshiu Marc., and Unigene CL4778.Contig2 had expression differences in two kinds of pummelo, which suggested CL4778.Contig2 should be a candidate gene controlling carotenoid accumulation in red pummelo. The study would be beneficial to identify the major gene regulating the red flesh trait.
Suppression of the quasi-two-dimensional quantum collapse in the attraction field by the Lee-Huang-Yang effect
Creators: name: Shamriz, Elad
name: Chen, Zhaoping
name: Malomed, Boris A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum collapse in three and two dimensions (3D and 2D) is induced by attractive potential ~ -1/r^2. It was demonstrated that the mean-field (MF) cubic self-repulsion in the 3D bosonic gas suppresses the collapse and creates the missing ground state (GS). However, the cubic nonlinearity is not strong enough to suppress the 2D collapse. We demonstrate that the Lee-Hung-Yang (LHY) quartic term, induced by quantum fluctuations around the MF state, is sufficient for the stabilization of the 2D gas against the collapse. By means of numerical solution of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation including the LHY term, as well as with the help of analytical methods, such as expansions of the wave function at small and large distances from the center and the Thomas-Fermi approximation, we construct stable GS, with a singular density, ~ 1/r^{4/3}, but convergent integral norm. Counter-intuitively, the stable GS exists even if the external potential is repulsive, with the strength falling below a certain critical value. An explanation to this finding is given. Along with the GS, singular vortex states are produced too, and their stability boundary is found analytically. Unstable vortices spontaneously transform into the stable GS, expelling the vorticity to periphery.
description: Physical Review A, in press
Chirality-enhanced transport and drug delivery of graphene nanocarriers to tumor-like cellular spheroid
Creators: name: Jeon, Hyunsu
name: Zhu, Runyao
name: Kim, Gaeun
name: Wang, Yichun
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 31
subject: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Chirality, defined as "a mirror image," is a universal geometry of biological and nonbiological forms of matter. This geometry of molecules determines how they interact during their assembly and transport. With the development of nanotechnology, many nanoparticles with chiral geometry or chiroptical activity have emerged for biomedical research. The mechanisms by which chirality originates and the corresponding synthesis methods have been discussed and developed in the past decade. Inspired by the chiral selectivity in life, a comprehensive and in-depth study of interactions between chiral nanomaterials and biological systems has far-reaching significance in biomedicine. Here, we investigated the effect of the chirality of nanoscale drug carriers, graphene quantum dots (GQDs), on their transport in tumor-like cellular spheroids. Chirality of GQDs (L/D-GQDs) was achieved by the surface modification of GQDs with L/D-cysteines. As an in-vitro tissue model for drug testing, cellular spheroids were derived from a human hepatoma cell line (i.e., HepG2 cells) using the Hanging-drop method. Our results reveal that the L-GQDs had a 1.7-fold higher apparent diffusion coefficient than the D-GQDs, indicating that the L-GQDs can enhance their transport into tumor-like cellular spheroids. Moreover, when loaded with a common chemotherapy drug, Doxorubicin (DOX), via π-π stacking, L-GQDs are more effective as nanocarriers for drug delivery into solid tumor-like tissue, resulting in 25% higher efficacy for cancerous cellular spheroids than free DOX. Overall, our studies indicated that the chirality of nanocarriers is essential for the design of drug delivery vehicles to enhance the transport of drugs in a cancerous tumor.
Australian magpies adjust their alarm calls according to predator distance
Creators: name: Dutour, Mylène
name: Walsh, Sarah Louise
name: Ridley, Amanda Ruth
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Many animals produce antipredator calls in response to the presence of a predator, which, in some species, can provide information about the distance to predator. Although previous research has shown that several bird species are able to encode information about predator distance in their calls, such information is still lacking for a range of species. Moreover, most previous research has categorised the distance between the caller and the predator in two classes (close and far), but subtle acoustic variation can occur within each distance class. We investigate whether calls given by the Western Australian magpie varied according to predator distance. By presenting a taxidermied predator to a population of magpies at different distances, we found that calls varied according to predator distance from the caller, with more calls being produced when the predator was closer. In addition, we found that calls given in response to a predator nearby are acoustically different from those given in response to the same predator further away. This way of encoding information may allow prey to more efficiently moderate antipredator behaviours according to the level of threat.
GaBoDS: The Garching-Bonn Deep Survey; IV. Methods for the Image reduction of multi-chip Cameras
Creators: name: Erben, T.
name: Schirmer, M.
name: Dietrich, J. P.
name: Cordes, O.
name: Haberzettl, L.
name: Hetterscheidt, M.
name: Hildebrandt, H.
name: Schmithuesen, O.
name: Schneider, P.
name: Simon, P.
name: Cuillandre, J. C.
name: Deul, E.
name: Hook, R. N.
name: Kaiser, N.
name: Radovich, M.
name: Benoist, C.
name: Nonino, M.
name: Olsen, L. F.
name: Prandoni, I.
name: Wichmann, R.
name: Zaggia, S.
name: Bomans, D.
name: Dettmar, R. J.
name: Miralles, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present our image processing system for the reduction of optical imaging data from multi-chip cameras. In the framework of the Garching Bonn Deep Survey (GaBoDS; Schirmer et al. 2003) consisting of about 20 square degrees of high-quality data from WFI@MPG/ESO 2.2m, our group developed an imaging pipeline for the homogeneous and efficient processing of this large data set. Having weak gravitational lensing as the main science driver, our algorithms are optimised to produce deep co-added mosaics from individual exposures obtained from empty field observations. However, the modular design of our pipeline allows an easy adaption to different scientific applications. Our system has already been ported to a large variety of optical instruments and its products have been used in various scientific contexts. In this paper we give a thorough description of the algorithms used and a careful evaluation of the accuracies reached. This concerns the removal of the instrumental signature, the astrometric alignment, photometric calibration and the characterisation of final co-added mosaics. In addition we give a more general overview on the image reduction process and comment on observing strategies where they have significant influence on the data quality.
description: 34 pages, 33 figures; submitted to A&A main journal
Attacking COVID-19 Progression using Multi-Drug Therapy for Synergetic Target Engagement
Creators: name: Coban, Mathew
name: PhD, Juliet Morrison
name: MD, William D. Freeman
name: PhD, Evette Radisky
name: PhD, Karine G. Le Roch
name: PhD, Thomas R. Caulfield
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: COVID-19 is a devastating respiratory and inflammatory illness caused by a new coronavirus that is rapidly spreading throughout the human population. Over the past 6 months, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for COVID-19, has already infected over 11.6 million (25% located in United States) and killed more than 540K people around the world. As we face one of the most challenging times in our recent history, there is an urgent need to identify drug candidates that can attack SARS-CoV-2 on multiple fronts. We have therefore initiated a computational dynamics drug pipeline using molecular modeling, structure simulation, docking and machine learning models to predict the inhibitory activity of several million compounds against two essential SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins and their host protein interactors; S/Ace2, Tmprss2, Cathepsins L and K, and Mpro to prevent binding, membrane fusion and replication of the virus, respectively. All together we generated an ensemble of structural conformations that increase high quality docking outcomes to screen over >6 million compounds including all FDA-approved drugs, drugs under clinical trial (>3000) and an additional >30 million selected chemotypes from fragment libraries. Our results yielded an initial set of 350 high value compounds from both new and FDA-approved compounds that can now be tested experimentally in appropriate biological model systems. We anticipate that our results will initiate screening campaigns and accelerate the discovery of COVID-19 treatments.
description: Main text: 29 pages with references, 1 main table, 6 main figures; Supplemental section: 30 pages, 3 supplemental tables, 4 supplemental figures
Geometric symmetry in the quadratic Fisher discriminant operating on image pixels
Creators: name: Caprari, Robert S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This article examines the design of Quadratic Fisher Discriminants (QFDs) that operate directly on image pixels, when image ensembles are taken to comprise all rotated and reflected versions of distinct sample images. A procedure based on group theory is devised to identify and discard QFD coefficients made redundant by symmetry, for arbitrary sampling lattices. This procedure introduces the concept of a degeneracy matrix. Tensor representations are established for the square lattice point group (8-fold symmetry) and hexagonal lattice point group (12-fold symmetry). The analysis is largely applicable to the symmetrisation of any quadratic filter, and generalises to higher order polynomial (Volterra) filters. Experiments on square lattice sampled synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery verify that symmetrisation of QFDs can improve their generalisation and discrimination ability.
description: Accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
DFR-TSD: A Deep Learning Based Framework for Robust Traffic Sign Detection Under Challenging Weather Conditions
Creators: name: Ahmed, Sabbir
name: Kamal, Uday
name: Hasan, Md. Kamrul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Robust traffic sign detection and recognition (TSDR) is of paramount importance for the successful realization of autonomous vehicle technology. The importance of this task has led to a vast amount of research efforts and many promising methods have been proposed in the existing literature. However, the SOTA (SOTA) methods have been evaluated on clean and challenge-free datasets and overlooked the performance deterioration associated with different challenging conditions (CCs) that obscure the traffic images captured in the wild. In this paper, we look at the TSDR problem under CCs and focus on the performance degradation associated with them. To overcome this, we propose a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based TSDR framework with prior enhancement. Our modular approach consists of a CNN-based challenge classifier, Enhance-Net, an encoder-decoder CNN architecture for image enhancement, and two separate CNN architectures for sign-detection and classification. We propose a novel training pipeline for Enhance-Net that focuses on the enhancement of the traffic sign regions (instead of the whole image) in the challenging images subject to their accurate detection. We used CURE-TSD dataset consisting of traffic videos captured under different CCs to evaluate the efficacy of our approach. We experimentally show that our method obtains an overall precision and recall of 91.1% and 70.71% that is 7.58% and 35.90% improvement in precision and recall, respectively, compared to the current benchmark. Furthermore, we compare our approach with SOTA object detection networks, Faster-RCNN and R-FCN, and show that our approach outperforms them by a large margin.
Electron Localization in the Quantum-Hall Regime
Creators: name: Resta, Raffaele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The theory of the insulating state discriminates between insulators and metals by means of a localization tensor, which is finite in insulators and divergent in metals. In absence of time-reversal symmetry, this same tensor acquires an offdiagonal imaginary part, proportional to the dc transverse conductivity, leading to quantization of the latter in two-dimensional systems. I provide evidence that electron localization--in the above sense--is the common cause for both vanishing of the dc longitudinal conductivity and quantization of the transverse one in quantum-Hall fluids.
description: Slightly edited from previous version
The New Christian Brāmhaṇ Nobiliarchy
Creators: name: RODRIGUES, TENSING CARLOS
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: History

description: Could it be a mere chance that the new Christian brāmhaṇ nobiliarchy that arose within the first few centuries of the advent of the Portuguese became most prominently visible in the Raia - Rachol –Raçaim – Loutolim environs ?
Reliable Probability Forecast of Solar Flares: Deep Flare Net-Reliable (DeFN-R)
Creators: name: Nishizuka, Naoto
name: Kubo, Yûki
name: Sugiura, Komei
name: Den, Mitsue
name: Ishii, Mamoru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We developed a reliable probabilistic solar flare forecasting model using a deep neural network, named Deep Flare Net-Reliable (DeFN-R). The model can predict the maximum classes of flares that occur in the following 24 h after observing images, along with the event occurrence probability. We detected active regions from 3x10^5 solar images taken during 2010-2015 by Solar Dynamic Observatory and extracted 79 features for each region, which we annotated with flare occurrence labels of X-, M-, and C-classes. The extracted features are the same as used by Nishizuka et al. (2018); for example, line-of-sight/vector magnetograms in the photosphere, brightening in the corona, and the X-ray emissivity 1 and 2 h before an image. We adopted a chronological split of the database into two for training and testing in an operational setting: the dataset in 2010-2014 for training and the one in 2015 for testing. DeFN-R is composed of multilayer perceptrons formed by batch normalizations and skip connections. By tuning optimization methods, DeFN-R was trained to optimize the Brier skill score (BSS). As a result, we achieved BSS = 0.41 for >=C-class flare predictions and 0.30 for >=M-class flare predictions by improving the reliability diagram while keeping the relative operating characteristic curve almost the same. Note that DeFN is optimized for deterministic prediction, which is determined with a normalized threshold of 50%. On the other hand, DeFN-R is optimized for a probability forecast based on the observation event rate, whose probability threshold can be selected according to users' purposes.
CHANGES IN THE STRUCTURE OF WAGES IN THE U.S. PORK INDUSTRY
Creators: name: Hurley, Terrance M.
name: Orazem, Peter F.
name: Kliebenstein, James B.
name: Hurley, Terrance M.
name: Orazem, Peter F.
name: Kliebenstein, James B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital
Livestock Production/Industries

description: Consolidation in the U.S. pork industry continues to reduce the number of operations, while increasing the demand for hired labor. This paper explores how wages have evolved over time by decomposing the increase in wages into a change in the level of wages, human capital, and returns to human capital.
Evolutionary status and fundamental parameters of the Cepheid V1033 Cyg
Creators: name: Fadeyev, Yu. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On the basis of consistent stellar evolution and nonlinear stellar pulsation calculations the Cepheid V1033 Cyg is shown to be the post--main sequence star at the first crossing of the instability strip during gravitational contraction of the helium core. The observed light variability of V1033 Cyg is due to radial oscillations in the fundamental mode. The best agreement (within one percent) between recent observations and the theoretical estimate of the period change rate was obtained for the evolutionary sequence with stellar mass $M=6.3M_\odot$ and helium and heavier element fractional abundances $Y=0.28$ and $Z=0.022$, respectively. The age of the star, the luminosity, the radius, the effective temperature and the surface gravity are $t_\mathrm{ev}=5.84\times 10^7$ yr, $L=2009L_\odot$, $R=45.6R_\odot$, $T_\mathrm{eff}=5726 \mathrm{K}$, $\log g=1.92$.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures, accepted to Astronomy Letters
Scaling of cosmic string loops
Creators: name: Vanchurin, Vitaly
name: Olum, Ken D.
name: Vilenkin, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the spectrum of loops as a part of a complete network of cosmic strings in flat spacetime. After a long transient regime, characterized by production of small loops at the scale of the initial conditions, it appears that a true scaling regime takes over. In this final regime the characteristic length of loops scales as $0.1 t$, in contrast to earlier simulations which found tiny loops. We expect the expanding-universe behavior to be qualitatively similar. The large loop sizes have important cosmological implications. In particular, the nucleosynthesis bound becomes $Gμ\lesssim 10^{-7}$, much tighter than before.
description: Added discussion of gravitational wave bounds; other minor changes
COSTS OF COASTAL HAZARDS: EVIDENCE FROM THE PROPERTY MARKET
Creators: name: Kriesel, Warren
name: Landry, Craig E.
name: Keeler, Andrew G.
name: Kriesel, Warren
name: Landry, Craig E.
name: Keeler, Andrew G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Land Economics/Use

description: A hedonic price model suggests that flooding and erosion hazards, and the actions taken against them, are major determinants of property values in American coastal areas. A zoning ordnance against new construction within the 60-year erosion hazard area would increase property values and perhaps conserve the coastal ecosystem.
Stellar dynamo driven wind braking instead of disc coupling
Creators: name: von Rekowski, Brigitta
name: Brandenburg, Axel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Star-disc coupling is considered in numerical models where the stellar field is not an imposed perfect dipole, but instead a more irregular self-adjusting dynamo-generated field. Using axisymmetric simulations of the hydromagnetic mean-field equations, it is shown that the resulting stellar field configuration is more complex, but significantly better suited for driving a stellar wind. In agreement with recent findings by a number of people, star-disc coupling is less efficient in braking the star than previously thought. Moreover, stellar wind braking becomes equally important. In contrast to a perfect stellar dipole field, dynamo-generated stellar fields favor field-aligned accretion with considerably higher velocity at low latitudes, where the field is weaker and originating in the disc. Accretion is no longer nearly periodic (as it is in the case of a stellar dipole), but it is more irregular and episodic.
description: 19 pages, 15 figures, some errors corrected, Astron. Nach. (submitted). For higher quality images, see http://www.nordita.dk/~brandenb/papers/stellardyn/
THE ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION
Creators: name: Clements, Kenneth W.
name: Selvanathan, Saroja
name: Clements, Kenneth W.
name: Selvanathan, Saroja
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: In this paper is presented an analysis of the consumption patterns of beer, wine and spirits for Australia using data for the period 1955/56-1985/86. The validity of the demand theory hypotheses demand homogeneity and Slutsky symmetry has been tested using recently developed distribution-free procedures. The findings were that (i) beer and wine were necessities and spirits a strong luxury; (ii) beer and spirits are specific complements; and (iii) the homogeneity and symmetry hypotheses are acceptable. Preference for wine consumption seems to be independent of preference for beer and spirits.
A MODEL OF JOB CHOICE FOR THE ANALYSIS OF GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION IN STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT
Creators: name: Lloyd, Peter J.
name: Lloyd, Peter J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1980
Subjects: Public Economics
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: The paper presents a model of choice between alternative available jobs in which each job has an uncertain multi-period income prospect. Imperfectly informed expectations as well as job preferences and attitudes to risk determine the choice. The model is used to locate and discuss some problems of designing government programs which are intended to increase job mobility. The main conclusion is that government interventions may impose costs on the economy which are greater than the benefits because the information needed to assess costs and benefits is not generally available and political pressures may distort the expenditures.