cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
(502392) Walter Vernet Quilter
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Trade liberalisation, globalisation and the cocoa industry in Ghana: the case of the smallholder cocoa farmers
Creators: name: Ofosu-Asare, Kwaku
Publisher: name: University of Westminster
Year: 2011

description: The aim of this thesis is to analyse the impact of the “meso model” on Ghana’s cocoa sector in general and the practices and opportunities for smallholder cocoa farmers in particular. Additionally, Ghana’s efforts to embrace globalisation are examined. The theoretical framework of this thesis is the neo-structuralism paradigm out of which an analytical framework was distilled to assess the impact of the 1993 reforms. The qualitative methodology was mainly used to collect data but some quantitative techniques were also used to enhance the collection and analysis of the data. Ghana was adjudged the “Star Pupil” of Africa by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank after implementing bold economic reforms in 1983 and the cocoa sector reforms in 1993. But ironically Ghana stood up to the IMF and the Bank by refusing to dismantle its cocoa marketing board (COCOBOD) as was recommended by them under the Washington Consensus and rather adopted a” meso model” of partial liberalisation of the cocoa sector after skilful negotiations. The thesis makes a significant, original contribution to knowledge in the field of economic development through the following key findings: Firstly, the output of cocoa farmers in general is a function of not only the price paid to them but also the overall environment created for production. Secondly, the” meso model” Ghana adopted challenges the “One Size Fits All” Washington Consensus development model because it enhanced cocoa farmers’ output and income, and Ghana’s cocoa export and foreign revenue enabling it to attain economic growth and development. Thirdly, the use of mobile phones by cocoa farmers contributes to the reduction in their transport cost and transforms their mode of operations. Finally, Ghana’s efforts to embrace globalisation and to integrate into the global economy have been impressive albeit urban bias.
Emergence of correlated proton tunneling in water ice
Creators: name: Pusuluk, Onur
name: Farrow, Tristan
name: Deliduman, Cemsinan
name: Vedral, Vlatko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several experimental and theoretical studies report instances of concerted or correlated multiple proton tunneling in solid phases of water. Here, we construct a pseudo-spin model for the quantum motion of protons in a hexameric H$_2$O ring and extend it to open system dynamics that takes environmental effects into account in the form of O$-$H stretch vibrations. We approach the problem of correlations in tunneling using quantum information theory in a departure from previous studies. Our formalism enables us to quantify the coherent proton mobility around the hexagonal ring by one of the principal measures of coherence, the $l_1$ norm of coherence. The nature of the pairwise pseudo-spin correlations underlying the overall mobility is further investigated within this formalism. We show that the classical correlations of the individual quantum tunneling events in long-time limit is sufficient to capture the behaviour of coherent proton mobility observed in low-temperature experiments. We conclude that long-range intra-ring interactions do not appear to be a necessary condition for correlated proton tunneling in water ice.
description: 26 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables. Electronic supplementary material is appended
Mechanical loading and cartilage physiology
Creators: name: Parker, Eleanor
Publisher: name: University of Westminster
Year: 2011

description: Whilst mechanical impact is known to be essential for cartilage maintenance, it has been noted that altered joint loading and increased force may lead to cartilage degradation and increase the risk for the development of osteoarthritis (OA). This study investigated the cellular responses of chondrocytes to mechanical impact, and the effects of possible chondroprotective agents for OA preventative strategies in individuals exposed to high impact, repetitive loading. Single-impact mechanical trauma (force 1.14 N, pressure 6.47 KPa) was determined to induce biphasic decrease in cell volume to 647.38±60.38 μm3 at 2 h and 516.52±38.86 μm3 at 48 h, the initial phase of which was observed to be an active mechanotransduction mechanism, termed Impact-Induced Volume Decrease (IIVD), and the subsequent phase to be Apoptotic Volume Decrease (AVD). The newly defined IIVD was concluded to be dependent upon the PKC/PLCβ3 pathway, and possibly mediated by intracellular Ca2+ store release and Volume Sensitive Organic Anion Channel (VSOAC) activity. Furthermore, mechanical impact was observed to induce a rapid decrease in F-actin from 1.19±0.13 MU to 0.87±0.02 MU, termed Impact-Induced Actin Decrease (IIAD) and associated with the biphasic rise in cell death at rates of 2.75±0.41 %.h-1 and 0.66±0.03 %.h-1. Both in vivo exercise and in vitro mechanical load induced a release IL-1β (20.67±2.58 % and 5.86±0.21 AU), MCP-1 (25.69±0.53 % and 1.45±0.01 AU) and IL-10 (8.97±2.40 % and 5.55±0.28 AU), with in vivo concentrations correlating with joint magnitude and strike patterns. Decreased levels of IL-1β and MCP-1 (to 9.60±2.34 % and 9.01±2.34 %, respectively) observed in the evening were further confirmed using a hyperosmotic-treated in vitro model of prolonged static-loaded cartilage with evidence for a IL-1β-dominated paracrine loop between articular cartilage and mononuclear phagocytes. In vitro, chondroprotective and antiinflammatory actions of chondroitin sulphate, glucosamine sulphate, REV 5901 and Tamoxifen were associated with a reduction in pre-impact cell volume (average of 31.91±4.19 %) and increased pre-impact actin levels (average of 39.92±9.29 %). Anti-inflammatory agents, curcumin and dexamethasone exhibited less effective chondroprotective actions, via inhibition of IL-1β (average of 83.45±1.30 %) and thus apoptosis. To conclude, high impact exercise is recommended with a place for chondroprotective properties of chondroitin, glucosamine sulphate and/or curcumin in high-risk groups before OA onset.
Developmental delay and its predictors among children under five years of age with uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition: a cross-sectional study in rural Pakistan
Creators: name: Saleem, Javeria
name: Zakar, Rubeena
name: Bukhari, Gul Mehar Javaid
name: Fatima, Aneela
name: Fischer, Florian
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Developmental delay
subject: Severe acute malnutrition
subject: Wasting
subject: Stunting
subject: Children
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: In developing countries, malnutrition in children and developmental delays are two major challenges for public health. To achieve the vision of the Sustainable Development Goals from the broader perspective of child health, early identification of developmental delays and timely intervention are crucial. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of suspected developmental delay and their predictors in children under the age of 5 years with uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition in rural areas of Pakistan. Methods: A multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted among 185 children with uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition. We screened children aged 6-59months for their nutritional status and clinical complications. Children fulfilling the inclusion criteria underwent the Denver Development Screening Tool II (DDST-II). The children's global developmental profile was calculated according to the established protocols of DDST-II, which are based on four important domains of development: personal and social behaviour, language, gross motor adaptive skills and fine motor adaptive skills. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic and nutritional factors for assessing predictors of developmental delay, which were analysed using a multivariate logistic regression model. Results: Out of 177 children with severe acute malnutrition, 69 (38.9%) had normal global development and 108 (61.1%) had delayed global development. Significant associations were found between global developmental delay and younger children (6-24months vs. 25-59months; AOR=4.53, 95% CI: 1.56-13.10, p<0.01), children who were not exclusively breastfed (AOR=3.07, 95% CI: 1.24-7.56, p=0.01), and a history of contact with a tuberculosis smear-positive adult (AOR=2.67, 95% CI: 1.30-5.49, p<0.01). Conclusion: About two thirds of the study participants showed delayed or unstable global development. Thus, according to DDST-II-established protocols, there is a high prevalence of suspected developmental delay among children under the age of five years with uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition in rural areas of Pakistan. Children in their first 2 years of life were at particularly high risk due to insufficient breastfeeding. This emphasizes the need to provide adequate infrastructure and information to parents for the prevention of developmental delay in remote areas.
S3 Table
Creators: name: P. Santos, José Eduardo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 300303
subject: Animal nutrition

description: Supplemental Table S3 for the manuscript by Arshad et al. (2023) PLoS One Dose-dependent effects of rumen-protected choline on hepatic metabolism during induction of fatty liver in dry pregnant dairy cows.
ALL-Ready Training Module 3 - Management of Living Labs
Creators: name: Schuurman, Dimitri
name: Wuyts, Gilles
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Agroecology
Living Labs
Real-life Experimentation
Facilitation Techniques

description: The session titled "Living Lab Model, Real-life Experimentation & Facilitation Techniques" and delivered by trainers Dimitri Schuurman & Gilles Wuyts from IMEC, is part of the broader Capacity Building Programme for Agroecology Living Labs developed as part of ALL-Ready. The workshop introduced participants to commonly used tools and methods in each phase of innovation management and shared some facilitation techniques for capturing user insights and needs in Agroecology projects.
GalRotpy: an educational tool to understand and parametrize the rotation curve and gravitational potential of disk-like galaxies
Creators: name: Granados, Andrés
name: Torres, Daniel
name: Castañeda, Leonardo
name: Henao-O., Lady-J.
name: Vanegas, Santiago
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: \textbf{GalRotpy} is an educational \verb+Python3+-based visual tool, which is useful to undestand how is the contribution of each mass component to the gravitational potential of disc-like galaxies by means of their rotation curve. Besides, \textbf{GalRotpy} allows the user to perform a parametric fit of a given rotation curve, which relies on a MCMC procedure implemented by using \verb+emcee+ package. Here the gravitational potential of disc-like galaxies is built from the contribution of a Miyamoto-Nagai potential model for the bulge/core and the thin/thick disc, an exponential disc, together with the NFW (Navarro-Frenk- White) potential or the Burkert (cored density profile) potential for the Dark Matter halo, where each contribution is implemented by using \verb+galpy+ package. We summarize the properties of each contribution to the rotation curve involved, and then describe how \textbf{GalRotpy} is implemented along with its capabilities. Finally we present the characterization of two galaxies, NGC6361 and M33, and show that the results for M33 provided by \textbf{GalRotpy} are consistent with those found in the literature.
description: Suggestions and comments are welcome
Review: Swithland Wood, A Study of its History and Vegetation by Stephen Woodward
Creators: name: Squires, Anthony
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2023

description: Transactions of the Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society, 69, 137-138
description: Swithland Wood, A Study of its History and Vegetation by Stephen Woodward. Leicestershire Museums, Art and Records Service, 1992;
(502391) Ethel Grace Thorp West
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Optimization for L1-Norm Error Fitting via Data Aggregation
Creators: name: Park, Young Woong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a data aggregation-based algorithm with monotonic convergence to a global optimum for a generalized version of the L1-norm error fitting model with an assumption of the fitting function. The proposed algorithm generalizes the recent algorithm in the literature, aggregate and iterative disaggregate (AID), which selectively solves three specific L1-norm error fitting problems. With the proposed algorithm, any L1-norm error fitting model can be solved optimally if it follows the form of the L1-norm error fitting problem and if the fitting function satisfies the assumption. The proposed algorithm can also solve multi-dimensional fitting problems with arbitrary constraints on the fitting coefficients matrix. The generalized problem includes popular models such as regression and the orthogonal Procrustes problem. The results of the computational experiment show that the proposed algorithms are faster than the state-of-the-art benchmarks for L1-norm regression subset selection and L1-norm regression over a sphere. Further, the relative performance of the proposed algorithm improves as data size increases.
Frequency and reasons for delayed treatment initiation after HIV diagnosis: cross-sectional study in Lahore, Pakistan
Creators: name: Ali, Hassan
name: Zakar, Rubeena
name: Junaid, Khunsa
name: Khan, Amjad
name: Fischer, Florian
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: HIV
subject: Delayed initiation
subject: ART
subject: PCR
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Well-timed initiation of HIV therapy enhances life expectancy, decreases mortality and morbidity, and inhibits the transmission of HIV and complications related to it. The purpose of the present survey is to investigate the frequency and reasons for delayed initiation of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) and to determine its relationship with various socio-demographic variables and HIV-related characteristics. Methods: The analysis is based on a cross-sectional study involving 355 people living with HIV (diagnosed by PCR) who were more than 18 years of age and not receiving HIV therapy before enrolment at the HIV clinics of two selected tertiary-care teaching hospitals in Lahore, Pakistan. In this study, delayed initiation of ART was defined as not attending the HIV management centre or a clinic for ART within 3 months of a confirmed diagnosis. The participants were selected using a systematic probability sampling technique. Bivariate logistic regression was performed using a backward stepwise technique to establish the variables related to delayed onset of HIV therapy. Factors significant at p <= 0.20 were considered for multivariate analysis, which was used to describe the association between independent factors and delayed initiation of treatment. Results: Delayed onset of ART was observed in 28.5% of individuals. Factors such as no schooling (AOR = 5.92; 95% CI: 1.38-25.41; p = 0.017) and occasional household income (AOR = 3.88; 95% CI: 1.01-14.89; p = 0.048) were significantly associated with late onset of ART. Our research findings also indicated that the main reasons for late beginning of HIV therapy were: feeling healthy (45.5%), did not have time to go to the HIV treatment centre (42.6%), did not want to discuss HIV test result (37.6%), and fear of stigma and discrimination within their community (35.6%). Conclusions: Late commencement of HIV therapy in Pakistan is common, and an improved connection is needed between identification of HIV and beginning of therapy. HIV management centres should counsel and monitor patients from the time of a positive HIV test result until they initiate therapy.
Trajectory-free approximation of phase space structures using the trajectory divergence rate
Creators: name: Nave,, Gary K.
name: Nolan, Peter J.
name: Ross, Shane D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper introduces the trajectory divergence rate, a scalar field which locally gives the instantaneous attraction or repulsion of adjacent trajectories. This scalar field may be used to find highly attracting or repelling invariant manifolds, such as slow manifolds, to rapidly approximating hyperbolic Lagrangian coherent structures, or to provide the local stability of invariant manifolds. This work presents the derivation of the trajectory divergence rate and the related trajectory divergence ratio for 2-dimensional systems, investigates their properties, shows their application to several example systems, and presents their extension to higher dimensions.
description: 18 pages, 15 figures
A qualitative study on resilience in adult refugees in Germany
Creators: name: Walther, Lena
name: Amann, Julia
name: Flick, Uwe
name: Ta, Thi Minh Tam
name: Bajbouj, Malek
name: Hahn, Eric
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Resilience
subject: Refugees
subject: Asylum-seekers
subject: refugee mental health
subject: Integration
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Because refugees face significant adversities before, during, and after resettlement, resilience is of central importance to this population. However, strengths-based research on post-migration refugee experiences is sparse. Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with 54 adult refugee participants who arrived in Germany between 2013 and 2018 in their preferred language. We analyzed different aspects of resilience in these interviews using thematic analysis. Results: Nine themes were identified. Four themes manifest resilience in different ways and encompass cognitive as well as behavioral strategies for facing adversity, self-ascriptions of resilience as a personal trait or lasting characteristic, and the role of volunteering, work, and activism for refugee causes. Five themes capture factors that facilitate resilience: social support, experiencing migration as an opportunity generally and for women in particular, being a parent, and being young. Conclusions: This study adds to a growing body of knowledge about resilience among adult refugees. It may support clinicians working with refugees by making them aware of specific manifestations of resilience and factors promoting positive adaptation specific to this client group. It also contributes to a more strengths-based view on refugee mental health and processes of integration.
Scoping options for whole building assessment for energy efficiency and zero direct emissions heat in multi-owner and mixed-use buildings
Creators: name: Berner, Agnes
name: Burns, Freya
name: Lancaster, Megan
name: Lochhead, Euan
Publisher: name: Changeworks
Year: 2023
Subjects: energy efficiency
zero emissions
zero direct emissions
Heating
buildings
tenement
flat
domestic
non-domestic
mixed-use
multi-owner
international
EPC
energy performance
SAP
SBEM
Passivhaus
PAS 2035
assessment
methodology
communal heating
insulation

description: This report looks at potential options for creating a whole building assessment method for energy efficiency and zero emission heating in multi-owner and mixed-use buildings.
(502390) Charles Creuze [George] West
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
A provisional List of the Medieval Woodlands of Leicestershire c.1200-c.1350
Creators: name: Squires, Anthony
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2022

description: Transactions of the Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society, 80, 27-30
description: In TLAHS LXIX (1995), the writer put forward a list of 187, mostly named, woodlands for which at least one documentary reference relating to the middle ages had been established. All the woodlands were, or were believed to have been discrete entities i.e., each had been hedged or fenced to form 'islands' set within, for the most part, an agricultural landscape of arable, pasture, meadow and 'waste'. All were actively managed for wood and timber which formed a vital mainstay in the lives of our ancestors. Not surprisingly, such woodlands remained one of the more enduring features of the local medieval landscape. The problems involved in compiling the list were described. These included the difficulties of identifying and tracing the fortunes of a single woodland over the ages as its form, area, name, and nature changed (or did not change), usually undocumented, as a result of local and wider social and economic forces. The relationships between woodlands recorded for the medieval period and those described in Domesday Book (1086) were also noted. Over the last decade or so 19 more records which meet the original criteria have been assembled.
George Berkeley Mitchell
Creators: name: St J Fancourt, Mary
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2023

description: Transactions of the Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society, 56, 71-87
description: George Berkeley Mitchell, who held the living of St. Mary de Castro, Leicester, from 1813- 1828, was the son of Thomas Mitchell, of Ballyroan, Queens County (now County Leix). He was born in 1776. His mother was Alicia Echlin, daughter of a prominent family in Northern Ireland. There were six children - three boys and three girls. It is probable he was the youngest of the family, as his eldest brother, George Henry St. John, was sixteen at the time of his birth. Twelve years previously the family home at Ballyroan had been burnt down. It must have been a shattering experience, as it impinged on the minds of two or three generations of Mitchells: even those born a century or more later referred to it as if it were of fairly recent occurrence. At the time George Berkeley Mitchell was born the family was living in a small house on the estate. All their valuables had been lost in the fire. The estate itself had, of course, lost greatly in value now that the big house had gone. In these circumstances a fairy godmother could not have been more welcome, and George was lucky enough to find one.
Aortic aneurysm and aortic graft infection related to Mycobacterium bovis after intravesical Bacille Calmette–Guérin therapy—a case series
Creators: name: Buerger, Matthias
name: Kapahnke, S.
name: Omran, Safwan
name: Schomaker, Martin
name: Rief, Matthias
name: Greiner, Andreas
name: Frese, Jan Paul
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Case report
subject: Aortic surgery
subject: Mycotic aortic aneurysm
subject: Graft infection
subject: Bladder cancer
subject: Mycobacterium bovis
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: So called "mycotic" aortic aneurysms account for only 0.7 to 1.3% of all aortic aneurysms and are commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella species. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), a live attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis, is part of the therapy of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Case presentation: We report a case series of three patients with a mycobacterial graft infection related to BCG after surgical treatment of a presumed mycotic aortic aneurysm as an extremely rare complication after NMIBC treatment. All three patients developed aortic aneurysm after BCG instillation and subsequent mycobacterial graft infection. Conclusion: Diagnosis requires a high degree of suspicion because of its nonspecific symptoms and imaging. The pathogen is not detected by standard microbiological testing. Treatment includes triple antimycobacterial therapy and radical surgical interventions. Graft preservation may be considered if no anastomosis is involved.
A Centenary Tributre to Frederick Goodyer 1836-1876
Creators: name: Stanley, Clifford
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2023

description: Transactions of the Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society, 51, 15-28
description: Some years ago - during the autumn of 1950 to be more precise - I came across by chance in the Chief Constable's Office at "Ashleigh", 420 London Road, Leicester, a bound collection of newspaper cuttings relating to the men and affairs of the Leicestershire Constabulary of the mid-Victorian era. Amongst them was a leader column of the "Leicester Chronicle and Mercury" featuring the career and death in office on 12 September 1876 of Leicestershire's First Chief Constable, Frederick Goodyer, an original member of Peel's New Police in London. His career has no equal in that he was the only Chief Constable during the creation of the numerous New Police Forces that sprang up during the early years of Queen Victoria's reign, to establish with marked success, two entirely separate, autonomous constabularies in the same locality, in an age when individual police systems and non-cooperation was the order of the day.
An immersed boundary method for high-fidelity simulations of moving objects on a Cartesian mesh
Creators: name: Giannenas, Athanasios Emmanouil
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2021

description: Despite breakthroughs in the field of computational fluid dynamics, performing simulations of moving objects with complex geometries on supercomputers remains a considerable challenge. Body-conforming methods are costly (due to re-meshing) and suffer from mesh-related issues. Hence, non-body-conforming Immersed Boundary Methods (IBMs), which eliminate re-meshing have emerged. Here, a simple and scalable Alternating Direction Reconstruction IBM (ADR-IBM) is proposed for high-fidelity simulations with multiple moving geometries in laminar and turbulent flows. The method imposes the boundary conditions at the walls via 1D cubic spline interpolations and is combined with high-order finite-difference schemes. The accuracy and convergence of the method are assessed for the flow around a cylinder at Re = 40. A comparison of second- and sixth-order schemes with the ADR-IBM is presented for 2D and 3D flows. The scalability of the method is demonstrated for up to 65,536 cores for the flow over a moving sphere at Re = 3700. Further, a Smooth Interface IBM is proposed for turbulent simulations of multiple moving geometries on supercomputers. It suppresses spurious force oscillations (SFOs) by smoothing the boundary interface. However, the ADR-IBM remains superior by providing lower error levels at lower cost with no treatment for the SFOs. Additionally, a harmonically forced laminar bluff body wake by two rear pitching flaps is studied. The forced flow over a 2D rectangle at Re = 100 is considered with in-phase and out-of-phase forcing. A fundamental (subharmonic) resonance is observed for the in-phase (out-of-phase) forcing. Both strategies produce significant drag reductions through a wake symmetrisation and propulsion mechanisms. It is postulated that the ejection of two vortex dipoles leads to the symmetrisation of the wake. Further, a single scaling parameter is proposed to predict the mean drag reduction of the forced flow. To identify the strategy with the highest net energy saving potential, the efficiency is assessed.
(502389) Frances Sarah West
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Determinants of women’s empowerment in Pakistan: evidence from Demographic and Health Surveys, 2012–13 and 2017–18
Creators: name: Abbas, Safdar
name: Isaac, Noman
name: Zia, Munir
name: Zakar, Rubeena
name: Fischer, Florian
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Autonomy
subject: Decision-making
subject: Ownership
subject: Reproductive age
subject: Well-being
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Women's empowerment has always remained a contested issue in the complex socio-demographic and cultural milieu of Pakistani society. Women are ranked lower than men on all vital human development indicators. Therefore, studying various determinants of women's empowerment is urgently needed in the Pakistani context. Methods: The study empirically operationalized the concept of women's empowerment and investigated its determinants through representative secondary data taken from the Pakistan Demographic and Health Surveys among women at reproductive age (15-49 years) in 2012-13 (n = 13,558) and 2017-18 (n = 15,068). The study used simple binary logistic and multivariable regression analyses. Results: The results of the binary logistic regression highlighted that almost all of the selected demographic, economic, social, and access to information variables were significantly associated with women's empowerment (p < 0.05) in both PDHS datasets. In the multivariable regression analysis, the adjusted odds ratios highlighted that reproductive-age women in higher age groups having children, with a higher level of education and wealth index, involved in skilled work, who were the head of household, and had access to information were reported to be more empowered. Results of the multivariable regression analysis conducted separately for two empowerment indicators (decision-making and ownership) corroborated the findings of the one indicator of women empowerment, except where ownership did not appear to be significantly associated with number of children and sex of household head in both data sets (2012-13 and 2017-18). Conclusions: A number of social, economic, demographic, familial, and information-exposure factors determine women's empowerment. The study proposes some evidence-based policy options to improve the status of women in Pakistan.
Medieval Activity on Land at High Street, Kibworth Beauchamp, Leicestershire
Creators: name: Stansbie, Daniel
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2022

description: Transactions of the Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society, 92, 247-252
description: An archaeological strip, map and sample (SMS) excavation was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology on land to the rear of High Street, Kibworth Beauchamp, Leicestershire, in advance of residential development. The excavation targeted possible features identified in a previous evaluation, and recovered small quantities of prehistoric and Roman finds, along with evidence for four main later episodes of settlement activity, comprising boundary ditches, later pits and evidence for quarrying, occurring between the tenth and twelfth centuries AD.
On the local extension of Killing vector fields in electrovacuum spacetimes
Creators: name: Giorgi, Elena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We revisit the problem of extension of a Killing vector field in a spacetime which is solution to the Einstein-Maxwell equation. This extension has been proved to be unique in the case of a Killing vector field which is normal to a bifurcate horizon by Yu. Here we generalize the extension of the vector field to a strong null convex domain in an electrovacuum spacetime, inspired by the same technique used by Ionescu-Klainerman in the setting of Ricci flat manifolds. We also prove a result concerning non-extendibility: we show that one can find local, stationary electrovacuum extension of a Kerr-Newman solution in a full neighborhood of a point of the horizon (that is not on the bifurcation sphere) which admits no extension of the Hawking vector field. This generalizes the construction by Ionescu-Klainerman to the electrovacuum case.
description: 20 pages. Version accepted for publication in Ann. Henri Poincar\'e. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1108.3575 by other authors
John Nichols and his Circle pp
Creators: name: Sweet, Roey
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2022

description: Transactions of the Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society, 74, 1-20
description: This article discusses the place of John Nichols and 'The History and Antiquities of Leicestershire' in the antiquarian culture of the late eighteenth century. Nichols possessed unique advantages as the leading printer and publisher of antiquarian publications, but he also embodied many of the abiding concerns of antiquaries in this period and was able to draw upon the assistance and enthusiasm of a wide range of like-minded individuals in the compilation of the history. The enormous archive of Nichols correspondence still extant provides rich insights into Nichols and his circle of fellow antiquaries.
(502388) Thomas Alder Thorp
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Understanding People Flow in Transportation Hubs
Creators: name: Carvalho, João
name: Marques, Manuel
name: Costeira, João P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we aim to monitor the flow of people in large public infrastructures. We propose an unsupervised methodology to cluster people flow patterns into the most typical and meaningful configurations. By processing 3D images from a network of depth cameras, we build a descriptor for the flow pattern. We define a data-irregularity measure that assesses how well each descriptor fits a data model. This allows us to rank flow patterns from highly distinctive (outliers) to very common ones. By discarding outliers, we obtain more reliable key configurations (classes). Synthetic experiments show that the proposed method is superior to standard clustering methods. We applied it in an operational scenario during 14 days in the X-ray screening area of an international airport. Results show that our methodology is able to successfully summarize the representative patterns for such a long observation period, providing relevant information for airport management. Beyond regular flows, our method identifies a set of rare events corresponding to uncommon activities (cleaning, special security and circulating staff).
description: 10 pages, 19 figure, 1 table
Acupressure in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis: a randomized controlled exploratory trial
Creators: name: Israel, Lukas
name: Rotter, Gabriele
name: Förster-Ruhrmann, Ulrike
name: Hummelsberger, Josef
name: Nögel, Rainer
name: Michalsen, Andreas
name: Tissen-Diabaté, Tatjana
name: Binting, Sylvia
name: Reinhold, Thomas
name: Ortiz, Miriam
name: Brinkhaus, Benno
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Acupressure
subject: Chinese medicine
subject: Rhinitis quality of life
subject: Seasonal allergic rhinitis
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Acupuncture has shown beneficial effects for seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR); however, it is time and cost intensive. We investigated feasibility and effects of self-administered body acupressure as a self-care technique that stimulates acupuncture points with manual pressure in SAR patients. Methods: We conducted a two-armed randomized controlled exploratory trial to compare effects of self-administered acupressure over 4 weeks at five acupuncture points plus rescue medication (RM) with cetirizine compared to RM alone in SAR patients. Among other outcome parameters, we assessed disease-related quality of life (Rhinitis Quality of Life Questionnaire [RQLQ]), overall SAR symptoms by a visual analogue scale (VAS) and a rescue medication score (RMS) after 4 and 8 weeks. Results: Forty-one SAR patients (mean age 38.5 +/- 10.0 years, n = 21, 51.2% women) were randomized. Compared to RM alone (n = 21), acupressure plus RM (n = 20) was associated with relevant improvements after 4 weeks, shown by the difference between groups in adjusted means of RQLQ: - 0.9 points (95% CI - 1.6 to - 0.2; p = 0.011) and VAS overall SAR symptoms: - 21.6 mm (95% CI - 36.3 to - 6.8; p = 0.005). The RMS was lower in the acupressure group than in the control group: 1.9 points (95% CI - 3.8 to - 0.1; p = 0.120). Group differences decreased slightly until week 8. The acupressure was feasible and safe. Conclusion: Results of this exploratory study indicate that self-applied acupressure is feasible, may improve disease-specific quality of life and reduce disease-related symptoms as well as anti-allergic medication intake in SAR patients. High-quality confirmatory studies including a sham-control group are needed in the future.
Psychosocial, emotional and professional challenges faced by female healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 outbreak in Lahore, Pakistan: a qualitative study
Creators: name: Shahbaz, Sumbal
name: Ashraf, Muhammad Zeshan
name: Zakar, Rubeena
name: Fischer, Florian
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Coronavirus
subject: SARS-CoV-2
subject: Women
subject: Practitioner
subject: Physician
subject: Working environment
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is spreading rapidly, increasing the stress and challenges for healthcare professionals around the world. This study aims to discover the psychosocial, emotional and professional challenges faced by female healthcare professionals (HCPs) treating COVID-19 patients in Pakistan. Methods Using an empirical phenomenological methodology, semi-structured telephone-based qualitative interviews were conducted with 22 female HCPs who were providing their expertise for COVID-19 patients in tertiary-level hospitals in Lahore, Pakistan. Purposive sampling was used for recruitment. The interviews were conducted between 20 July and 20 August 2020. The interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. Results This study explored the psychosocial, emotional and professional challenges faced by female HCPs serving COVID-19 patients. Five themes were observed in the interviews: apprehension while treating COVID-19 patients; feelings towards COVID-19 patients; challenges as female HCPs and coping strategies; confidence in government, administration and self-reflection; and finally, future concerns and recommendations. Many of these themes have also been linked with cultural issues, making the results specific to Pakistan. Conclusions During the COVID-19 pandemic, female frontline HCPs have faced immense psychosocial pressure, ranging from unsupportive family norms to an unwelcoming working environment and insensitive hospital administrations. Moreover, rumours among the general public, lack of proper training, missing incentives and improper system surveillance have increased the anxiety and stress among HCPs. Hence, legislators are advised to take appropriate actions countrywide in order to alleviate the still ongoing challenges and support female HCPs in their working environment.
Adapting empirical solar radiation pressure model for BDS-3 medium Earth orbit satellites
Creators: name: Chen, Xinghan
name: Ge, Maorong
name: Liu, Yang
name: He, Lina
name: Schuh, Harald
Publisher: name: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften
subject: solar radiation pressure
subject: BDS-3
subject: precise orbit determination
subject: eclipse

description: For the precise orbit determination (POD) of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) constellation, it is very difficult to precisely model the solar radiation pressure (SRP) force acting on GNSS satellites. For GPS satellites, the ECOM model developed by the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe has been utilized by most of International GNSS Service (IGS) analysis centers. However, it should be adapted and optimized to the characteristics of satellites of each GNSS system or even individual satellites. It was extended to the ECOM2 model for GLONASS satellites and then for Galileo satellites by employing a box–wing model. Since November 2020, the third generation of the BeiDou satellite system (BDS-3) has been in its full operation and there are about 200 globally distributed IGS ground stations tracking BDS-3 signals, which creates a great potential to evaluate and optimize its SRP modeling. From the POD processing carried out in this study, we found significant fluctuations of up to 20 cm in overlapping orbit differences for satellites over eclipses in the radial direction and of about 20 and 50 cm in the cross and along directions for ECOM2 and ECOM models. Then, based on numerical analyses we demonstrate that the fourth- and sixth-order sine terms in the Sun direction can significantly reduce the overlapping orbit differences of ECOM. Therefore, an adapted SRP model by adding the fourth- and sixth-order sine periodical terms in the Sun direction to the ECOM model is presented. The adapted model is then validated for BDS-3 POD and orbit prediction. Results show that fluctuations in the amplitude of overlapping estimated orbits using ECOM models are reduced from 20 to < 10 cm in the radial-track component and satellite laser ranging residuals are reduced to half by the adapted SRP model. For the predicted BDS-3 satellite orbits, the RMS values over deep eclipses can be improved from about 7, 14 and 26 cm to about 3, 5 and 12 cm, in the radial, cross and along directions, respectively, compared to the ECOM model.
Multisymplecticity of hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin methods
Creators: name: McLachlan, Robert I.
name: Stern, Ari
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65N30, 37K05

description: In this paper, we prove necessary and sufficient conditions for a hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) method to satisfy a multisymplectic conservation law, when applied to a canonical Hamiltonian system of partial differential equations. We show that these conditions are satisfied by the "hybridized" versions of several of the most commonly-used finite element methods, including mixed, nonconforming, and discontinuous Galerkin methods. (Interestingly, for the continuous Galerkin method in dimension greater than one, we show that multisymplecticity only holds in a weaker sense.) Consequently, these general-purpose finite element methods may be used for structure-preserving discretization (or semidiscretization) of canonical Hamiltonian systems of ODEs or PDEs. This establishes multisymplecticity for a large class of arbitrarily-high-order methods on unstructured meshes.
description: 34 pages; v2: minor edits and corrections
(502387) Ada Augusta Hawkins
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.