cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Accurate Metallicities for Very Metal-Poor Stars from the Ca~II Infrared Triplet
Creators: name: Osorio, Y.
name: Aguado, D. S.
name: Allende-Prieto, C.
name: Hubeny, I.
name: Gonzalez-Hernandez, J. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Ca~II H \& K lines are among the few features available to infer the metallicity of extremely metal-poor stars from medium-resolution spectroscopy. Unfortunately, these lines can overlap with absorption produced in the intervening interstellar medium, introducing systematic errors in the derived metallicities. The strength of the Ca~II infrared triplet lines can also be measured at extremely low metallicities, and it is not affected by interstellar absorption, but suffers significant departures from Local Thermodynamical Equilibrium (LTE). We investigate the feasibility of adopting the Ca~II infrared triplet as a metallicity indicator in extremely metal-poor stars using state-of-the art Non-LTE models including the most recent atomic data. We find that the triplet lines exhibit Non-LTE abundance corrections that can exceed 0.5\,dex. When interstellar absorption affecting the Ca~II resonance lines is accounted for using high-resolution observations, the agreement between Non-LTE abundances for the triplet and those for the resonance lines, with only minor departures from LTE, is excellent. Non-LTE effects strengthen the Ca~II IR triplet lines, facilitating measurements at very low metallicities, compared with LTE estimates, down to $\rm [Fe/H]=-6.0$. This result has important implications for the discovery of primitive stars in our Galaxy and others, since instruments are most sensitive at red/near-infrared wavelengths, and tens of millions of spectra covering the Ca~II IR triplet will soon become available from the Gaia, DESI, WEAVE, and PFS missions.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
Excavation of part of a Roman settlement at Charterhouse, near Godalming, Surrey, 1994
Creators: name: Hall, Melanie
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2002

description: Surrey Archaeological Collections, 86, 151-161
description: A small excavation revealed eight archaeological features that may represent part of a fairly modest rural settlement, perhaps a small farmstead. Occupation was relatively short lived, with pottery dating from between AD 50 and 90. Finds reports include: `The pottery' by Jane Timby (156--8), `Faunal remains' by Kevin Reilly (159), `The metalwork'[Roman iron], `The stone' [a quern fragment] by David Williams (159), and `Worked flint' [undated] by Steve Ford (159).
Surface collection of worked flints from the Thursley Common area
Creators: name: Graham, David
name: Graham, Audrey C
name: Nicolaysen, Pat
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2002

description: Surrey Archaeological Collections, 86, 163-169
description: Summarises the contents of a number of private collections of flint objects found on the common, with references to the few previously known finds from the locality.
Variability Timescales of H$α$ on Active Mid-to-Late M dwarfs
Creators: name: Medina, Amber A.
name: Charbonneau, David
name: Winters, Jennifer G.
name: Irwin, Jonathan
name: Mink, Jessica
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of the variation timescales of the chromospheric activity indicator H$α$ on a sample of 13 fully-convective, active mid-to-late M stars with masses between 0.1--0.3 solar masses. Our goal was to determine the dominant variability timescale and, by inference, a possible mechanism responsible for the variation. We gathered 10 or more high-resolution spectra each of 10 stars using the TRES spectrograph at times chosen to span all phases of stellar rotation, as determined from photometric data from the MEarth Observatories. All stars varied in their H$α$ emission. For 9 of these stars, we found no correlation between H$α$ and rotational phase, indicating that constant emission from fixed magnetic structures, such as starspots and plage, are unlikely to be the dominant source of H$α$ emission variability. In contrast, one star, G 7-34, shows a clear relationship between H$α$ and stellar rotational phase. Intriguingly, we found that this star is a member of the AB Doradus moving group and hence has the young age of 149 Myr. High-cadence spectroscopic observations of three additional stars revealed that they are variable on timescales ranging from 20--45 minutes, which we posit may be due to flaring behavior. For one star, GJ 1111, simultaneous TESS photometry and spectroscopic monitoring show an increase in H$α$ emission with increased photometric brightness. We conclude that low-energy flares are able to produce variation in H$α$ on the timescales we observe and thus may be the dominant source of H$α$ variability on active fully-convective M dwarfs.
description: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Symmetry-protected Dirac nodal lines and large spin Hall effect in $\mathbf{V_6Sb_4}$ with kagome bilayer
Creators: name: Yang, Y.
name: Wang, R.
name: Shi, M. -Z.
name: Wang, Z.
name: Xiang, Z.
name: Chen, X. -H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, a family of nonmagnetic kagome metals \textit{A}$\mathrm{V_3Sb_5}$ (\textit{A}=K, Rb, and Cs) has attracted significant attention for realizing the intertwining of quantum order and nontrivial topology. However, these compounds have been identified to host complex band structures. Therefore, it is desirable to design and synthesize novel kagome materials with a simple band topology and good transport properties. In this study, using first-principles calculations, we present the electronic properties and the intrinsic spin Hall effect of V$_6$Sb$_4$, the latest experimentally synthesized vanadium-based compounds with a kagome bilayer. In the absence of spin-orbital coupling (SOC), this compound is a Dirac nodal line semimetal with symmetry-protected nodal rings near the Fermi level. Within the SOC, the spin-rotation symmetry breaks the gaps of the nodal rings with a small band gap. Furthermore, based on the Wannier tight-binding approach and the Kubo formula, we propose a large spin Hall effect in V$_6$Sb$_4$, which intrinsically originates from the spin Berry curvature. Our work further expands nonmagnetic kagome compounds for applications in spintronics accompanied by exotic quantum order.
description: 6 Pages, and 4 figures
title: Reputation: Launch
title: Shemakes.eu 101006203 Deliverable n. 4.1
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Cabrera, Adriana
name: Korey, Alexandra
name: Marsh, Jesse
name: Czeschik, Anna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: This document summarises the development strategy of the Reputation Management work package, understanding reputation management as an approach to identify female role models in innovation contexts starting with the women on the Advisory Board. This document will explain the reputation approach through the evaluation criteria and the expectations and standards that emerge through this process, the profiles of the Advisory Board Gurus, as well as the accompaniment and co-creation activities with the Gurus and how the knowledge transfer between women Gurus and Ambassadors will be deployed. This summary will be complemented by the visibility and accompaniment that will be deepened in the section of the WP6 Communication and Dissemination Plan.
A Case Study of Atmospheric Entry and Fragmentation of a Stony Asteroid, similar to 2024 YR4
Creators: name: Neupane, Bishal
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: This paper presents a simplified analysis of the atmospheric entry and fragmentation of a stony asteroid, similar to the 2024 YR4, using an analytic model to estimate key processes such as deceleration, ablation, and fragmentation. Assuming a 60-meter diameter asteroid entering at 15 km/s, the study finds that the asteroid would begin to break up at an altitude of approximately 37 km, with a debris cloud diameter of about 240 meters. The largest surviving fragments are estimated to be 3 meters in size, and the total kinetic energy released is equivalent to 9.1 megatons of TNT. These results provide valuable insights into the potential hazards posed by stony asteroids and can inform planetary defense strategies.
The Exosphere as a Boundary: Origin and Evolution of Airless Bodies in the Inner Solar System and Beyond Including Planets with Silicate Atmospheres
Creators: name: Lammer, H.
name: Scherf, M.
name: Ito, Y.
name: Mura, A.
name: Vorburger, A.
name: Guenther, E.
name: Wurz, P.
name: Erkaev, N. V.
name: Odert, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this review we discuss all the relevant solar/stellar radiation and plasma parameters and processes that act together in the formation and modification of atmospheres and exospheres that consist of surface-related minerals. Magma ocean degassed silicate atmospheres or thin gaseous envelopes from planetary building blocks, airless bodies in the inner Solar System, and close-in magmatic rocky exoplanets such as CoRot-7b, HD219134b and 55 Cnc e are addressed. The depletion and fractionation of elements from planetary embryos, which act as the building blocks for protoplanets are also discussed. In this context the formation processes of the Moon and Mercury are briefly reviewed. The Lunar surface modification since its origin by micrometeoroids, plasma sputtering, plasma impingement as well as chemical surface alteration and the search of particles from the early Earth's atmosphere that were collected by the Moon on its surface are also discussed. Finally, we address important questions on what can be learned from the study of Mercury's environment and its solar wind interaction by MESSENGER and BepiColombo in comparison with the expected observations at exo-Mercurys by future space-observatories such as the JWST or ARIEL and ground-based telescopes and instruments like SPHERE and ESPRESSO on the VLT, and vice versa.
description: 105 pages, 26 figures. This is a preprint of an article that is accepted for publication in Space Science Reviews
Experimental and DFT investigation of (Cr,Ti)3AlC2 MAX phases stability
Creators: name: Burr, Patrick A.
name: Horlait, Denis
name: Lee, William E.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Using a synergistic combination of experimental and computational methods, we shed light on the unusual solubility of (Cr,Ti)3AlC2 MAX phase, showing that it may accommodate Cr only at very low concentrations (<2 at%) or at the exact Cr/(Cr + Ti) ratio of 2/3, even when the ratio of reactants is far from this stoichiometry (1/2 ≤ Cr/(Cr + Ti) ≤ 5/6). In both phases, Cr exclusively occupies the 4f sites, bridging carbide layers with the Al layer. Despite this, the peculiar stability of (Cr2/3Ti1/3)3AlC2 is attributed to the formation of strong, spin-polarized Cr–C bonds, which result in volume reduction and a marked increase in c/a ratio. IMPACT STATEMENT Solubility of Cr and Ti in (Cr,Ti)3AlC2 was investigated using experimental and DFT techniques. It was also determined that (Cr2/3Ti1/3)3AlC2 owe its remarkable stability to the formation strong Cr–C bonds.
Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors Delineate Distinct Phenotypes and Functions in Human γδ T Cells
Creators: name: Razmi, Mahya
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa | University of Ottawa
Year: 2024
Subjects: γδ T cell
Killer-cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptors
KIRs
Cytomegalovirus

description: Human circulating γδ T cells are broadly classified into three subsets: Vδ1, Vδ2, and Vδ1/2neg populations, with the Vδ2 subset being the most abundant. In this research, I focus on the contribution and interplay of Natural Killer (NK) receptors to the γδ T cell phenotype and function, with emphasis on Killer-cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptors (KIRs), which are poorly studied in the field of γδ T cell biology. Because cytomegalovirus (CMV) is known to shape the αβ T cell and NK cell repertoires, I studied peripheral blood (PB) γδ T cells from both CMV-seronegative (CMV-) and CMV-seropositive (CMV+) healthy adult humans, using spectral flow cytometry. I found that CMV leaves a stable imprint in the γδ T cell repertoire and phenotype. CMV+ individuals have increased proportions of Vδ1 T cells within the total γδ T cell population. Moreover, γδ T cells from these individuals display increased proportions of cells expressing KIRs, which constitute a highly polymorphic family of receptors for Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) class I. These KIRs delineate a dichotomy in the phenotype and function of γδ T cells. KIR+γδ T cells exhibit characteristics akin to memory like T cells, displaying heightened effector potential, whereas KIR-γδ T cells resemble naïve T cells with comparatively weaker immune responses. Leveraging the assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing (ATACseq) technology, I show that KIR+γδ T cells have more open loci associated with effector functions than KIR-γδ T cells, which is consistent with the above results. These findings underscore a critical role for KIRs in γδ T cell immunity and hold implications for both our understanding of immune responses influenced by CMV and the potential of γδ T cells in cellular immunotherapy.
ESSAYS ON TECHNOLOGICAL DISRUPTIONS IN REAL ESTATE MARKETS
Creators: name: Kim, Sung Joo
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 350303
subject: Business information systems

description: The real estate market is one of the most significant sectors in the global economy, influencing wealth accumulation, economic stability, and urban development, while the residential real estate, or the housing market accounts for nearly 80\% of total real estate value, making it a focal point for investment and policy interventions. The rapid advancement of digital technologies has introduced profound transformations in how housing markets operate, reshaping investment strategies, regulatory frameworks, and consumer behaviors. Despite these changes, there remains a limited understanding of how digital transformation affects the housing market's fundamental dynamics. This dissertation examines the evolving role of technology in shaping housing markets through three key dimensions: the impact of short-term rental (STR) platforms on real estate investment, the implications of data-sharing policies between digital platforms and governments, and the influence of demographic shifts driven by technological advancements on housing preferences. The first study investigates the effect of Airbnb's policy restricting short-term rental listings, revealing a decline in overall real estate investment activity, particularly among individual and local investors. The second study explores the consequences of Airbnb's City Portal policy, which grants local governments access to platform data, leading to reduced listing supply due to increased regulatory compliance and host privacy concerns. The third study examines the growing prevalence of single-person households and their housing choices, demonstrating that singles exhibit distinct expenditure patterns influenced by technological and social changes. By integrating these perspectives, this dissertation provides a comprehensive analysis of how digital platforms and technological advancements are reshaping the housing market. The findings offer valuable insights for investors, policymakers, and urban planners, highlighting the need for adaptive regulatory frameworks and innovative strategies to balance market efficiency, housing affordability, and economic growth in an increasingly digitalized real estate landscape.
Persistent shallow microseismicity near a glacier in southwestern Switzerland (Arolla VS) revealed by enhanced earthquake catalogs
Creators: name: Mesimeri, Maria
name: Diehl, Tobias
name: Herwegh, Marco
name: Clinton, John Francis
name: Wiemer, Stefan
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023

description: On October 05, 2021 an Mw4.0 earthquake struck 6 km south of the village of Arolla, near the tongue of the Arolla Glacier. Almost one year prior to this earthquake, an M3.5 event occurred on November 08, 2020 in the same location. Both earthquakes were followed by a few aftershocks that were detected and located by the Swiss Seismological Service (SED). The unusually shallow depth of 1-2 km of these earthquakes, indications for a mostly thrust-type mechanisms within a region characterized by a predominantly extensional stress regime, and unusual high CLVD (50-70%) components of SED’s routine moment tensor solutions raised questions regarding the triggering mechanism. To understand and explain the possible existence of shallow thrust earthquakes in the area, we perform a thorough seismotectonic analysis that is based on enhancing the existing earthquake catalog of the SED and complementary moment-tensor solutions computed by multiple algorithms. The original SED earthquake catalog contains 83 earthquakes that occur between January 01, 2020 and December 31, 2021 and locate ~5 km around the two mainshocks. Using a deep learning based algorithm (EQTransformer), we detect additionally 253 events, thus the new catalog contains 4 times more earthquakes than the original SED bulletin. Absolute locations for the additional earthquakes are obtained using the probabilistic NonLinLoc method in combination with a recently updated Vp and Vs crustal 3D velocity model. In addition, we compute local magnitudes (MLhc) using SED’s standard procedure, in order to compile a homogeneous catalog consistent with the SED bulletin. The enhanced catalog events are used as templates for a match filtering scheme, which increased the number of detections by at least one magnitude order. Last, we relocate the final catalog using the double difference method towards obtaining a high resolution enhanced earthquake catalog. Spatially, the main cluster shows an intense seismic activity, stretched in N-S direction that matches the strike of the fault planes derived from moment tensor inversion. An additional cluster, that is not present in the SED bulletin locations, is identified next to the area were the aftershock activity of the two main events locates. Furthermore, the enhanced catalog shows a smother temporal evolution with more background events than previously recorded. Overall, we explore the possibility of fluid driven microseismicity that might be related to the nearby glacier. With our study we emphasize the importance of enhanced earthquake catalogs using both machine learning pickers and template matching algorithms. These approaches lead to unravel prior unmapped structures and improve our understanding of the seismotectonic regime in the study area.
description: EGUsphere
Revealing anelasticity and structural rearrangements in nanoscale metallic glass films using in situ TEM diffraction
Creators: name: Rohit Sarkar
name: Ebner, Christian
name: Izadi, Ehsan
name: Rentenberger, Christian
name: Jagannathan Rajagopalan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: We used a novel diffraction-based method to extract the local, atomic-level elastic strain in nanoscale amorphous TiAl films during in situ transmission electron microscopy deformation, while simultaneously measuring the macroscopic strain. The complementary strain measurements revealed significant anelastic deformation, which was independently confirmed by strain rate experiments. Furthermore, the distribution of first nearest-neighbor distances became narrower during loading and permanent changes were observed in the atomic structure upon unloading, even in the absence of macroscopic plasticity. The results demonstrate the capability of in situ electron diffraction to probe structural rearrangements and decouple elastic and anelastic deformation in metallic glasses. IMPACT STATEMENT This paper employs a novel in situ electron diffraction technique to reveal deformation-induced structural rearrangements, and decouple atomic-level elastic strain from larger scale anelastic strain in metallic glasses.
Genome organization regulates nuclear pore complex formation and promotes differentiation during Drosophila oogenesis
Creators: name: Kotb, Noor M.
name: Ulukaya, Gulay
name: Chavan, Ankita
name: Nguyen, Son C.
name: Proskauer, Lydia
name: Joyce, Eric
name: Hasson, Dan
name: Jagannathan, Madhav
name: Rangan, Prashanth
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023
Subjects: Differentiation
Genome organization
Heterochromatin
Nucleoporins
NPC
Lamin

description: Genome organization can regulate gene expression and promote cell fate transitions. The differentiation of germline stem cells (GSCs) to oocytes in Drosophila involves changes in genome organization mediated by heterochromatin and the nuclear pore complex (NPC). Heterochromatin represses germ-cell genes during differentiation and NPCs anchor these silenced genes to the nuclear periphery, maintaining silencing to allow for oocyte development. Surprisingly, we find that genome organization also contributes to NPC formation, mediated by the transcription factor Stonewall (Stwl). As GSCs differentiate, Stwl accumulates at boundaries between silenced and active gene compartments. Stwl at these boundaries plays a pivotal role in transitioning germ-cell genes into a silenced state and activating a group of oocyte genes and Nucleoporins (Nups). The upregulation of these Nups during differentiation is crucial for NPC formation and further genome organization. Thus, crosstalk between genome architecture and NPCs is essential for successful cell fate transitions.
description: bioRxiv
Surrey barrows 1934-1986: a reappraisal
Creators: name: Grinsell, Leslie V
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2008

description: Surrey Archaeological Collections, 78, 1-41
description: Full listing. Some barrows recorded in the 1934 survey have been destroyed, others are newly discovered, especially ring ditches visible through aerial reconnaissance. In total there are c 100 round barrows, with some Wessex influence apparent, one long barrow, and thirty to thirty-five Anglo-Saxon mounds. Many more can be expected to be found; only thirty are scheduled and the best should be physically protected.
Broadening and redward asymmetry of H$α$ line profiles observed by LAMOST during a stellar flare on an M-type star
Creators: name: Wu, Yuchuan
name: Chen, Hechao
name: Tian, Hui
name: Zhang, Liyun
name: Shi, Jianrong
name: He, Han
name: Lu, Hongpeng
name: Xu, Yu
name: Wang, Haifeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stellar flares are characterized by sudden enhancement of electromagnetic radiation in stellar atmospheres. So far much of our understanding of stellar flares comes from photometric observations, from which plasma motions in flare regions could not be detected. From the spectroscopic data of LAMOST DR7, we have found one stellar flare that is characterized by an impulsive increase followed by a gradual decrease in the H$α$ line intensity on an M4-type star, and the total energy radiated through H$α$ is estimated to be on the order of $10^{33}$ erg. The H$α$ line appears to have a Voigt profile during the flare, which is likely caused by Stark pressure broadening due to the dramatic increase of electron density and/or opacity broadening due to the occurrence of strong non-thermal heating. Obvious enhancement has been identified at the red wing of the H$α$ line profile after the impulsive increase of the H$α$ line intensity. The red wing enhancement corresponds to plasma moving away from the Earth at a velocity of 100$-$200 km s$^{-1}$. According to the current knowledge of solar flares, this red wing enhancement may originate from: (1) flare-driven coronal rain, (2) chromospheric condensation, or (3) a filament/prominence eruption that either with a non-radial backward propagation or with strong magnetic suppression. The total mass of the moving plasma is estimated to be on the order of $10^{15}$ kg.
Active mitigation of spaceborne radio frequency interference for VLBI
Creators: name: Schartner, Matthias
name: Soja, Benedikt
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023

description: The proliferation of spaceborne radio frequency interference (SRFI) is threatening the operation of Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI). Most SRFI is caused by the excessive number of newly launched satellites, in particular from mega-constellations such as Starlink, OneWeb, or Amazon Kuiper. Some of these satellites will emit signals in the upper-frequency range that is currently observed by the next-generation VLBI system, the VLBI Global Observing System (VGOS). The power of these signals may saturate the amplifiers of VLBI antennas causing nonlinearities within the observations. Besides, some planned InSAR satellites might emit signals strong enough to permanently damage the highly sensitive VLBI hardware.

Within this work, we will investigate an active mitigation approach that modifies the current VLBI observing strategy to avoid observations in the direction of SRFI. However, active avoidance means additional constraints during the observation planning. We will investigate the impact of these constraints w.r.t. the precision of the geodetic parameters using simulations and compare it to a situation without active avoidance, where affected observations are simply removed from the simulations, and to a situation without any SRFI being present. The simulations will be conducted based on current and future VGOS networks and current and future satellite constellation expansion stages. We will demonstrate that active avoidance has the potential to pose a solution to avoid SRFI but also highlight its limitations.
description: EGUsphere
Forecasting of tropospheric parameters using meteorological data and machine learning
Creators: name: Crocetti, Laura
name: Schartner, Matthias
name: Schindler, Konrad
name: Soja, Benedikt
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023

description: Radio signals sent by Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) satellites are received by GNSS stations on Earth. The signals get delayed as they propagate through the troposphere, this delay can be measured and thus, tropospheric properties can be estimated.

The total tropospheric delay in zenith direction is split into a zenith hydrostatic delay (ZHD) and a zenith wet delay (ZWD). While the ZHD can be modelled analytically with high accuracy, the ZWD is more difficult to model and is therefore typically estimated empirically. Estimating ZWD with high accuracy is important because it is one of the major error sources for GNSS positioning. Furthermore, the ZWD is highly correlated to the water vapour content along the signal path and thus, interesting for GNSS meteorology. Therefore, many studies have investigated new methods to improve state-of-the-art ZWD models. Recently, also machine learning (ML) approaches have been used to create tropospheric delay models. In addition to modelling ZWD, forecasting of ZWD is of great importance. Due to the relation of ZWD to water vapour, accurate ZWD forecasts would be essential for weather forecasting.

The aim of this work is to develop a global ML-based model capable of forecasting ZWD for the next 24 hours at any point on Earth. It is trained on ZWDs, provided by the Nevada Geodetic Laboratory,  from over 10'000 GNSS stations and evaluated on ZWDs of 2700 test stations. The model utilizes the geographical location of the GNSS station and meteorological data from the ERA5 data set as its input features. To make hourly ZWD forecasts for the next 24 hours, forecasts of the meteorological data are taken from the Integrated Forecasting System of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Preliminary results using Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) show an average root mean squared error of around 1.5 cm over all testing stations for a forecasting horizon of 24 hours per day.
description: EGUsphere
title: Emerging Automobile Innovations to be included in  Motor Vehicle Mechanic Work Curriculum in  Government Craft Development Center in Rivers State
title: Emerging Automobile Innovations
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Emennu, Paulinus
name: Meelubari, Godswill
name: Sorgwe, Izibeya
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: This study assessed the emerging automobile innovations to be included in motor vehicle mechanic work curriculum in government craft development center in Rivers State. Specifically, the study investigated maintenance, design and product innovations to be included in motor vehicle mechanic work curriculum in government craft development center in Rivers State. Three (3) research questions were posed and answered and also three (3) hypotheses were formulated and tested at .05 level of significance. The study adopted Research and Development (R&D) design. The population of the study comprised of forty-three (43) respondents (8 MVMW Teachers and 35 Registered Motor Vehicle Technicians) in Rivers State. The entire population was studied due to its’ manageable size. A questionnaire titled “Emerging Automobile Innovation Questionnaire (EAIQ)” was develop which comprised 30-items was used to elicit responses. The questionnaire was designed on a five (5) point Likert scale of Strongly Agree (5), Agree (4), Undecided (3), Disagree (2) and Strongly Disagree (1) respectively. The questionnaire was subjected to face and content validity by three (3) experts in the field of technical education. A reliability coefficient of .75 was determined on the instrument using Cronbach Alpha after a test-retest for an interval of ten (10) working days. Data collected for the study was analyzed using mean and standard deviation and an inferential statistic of t-test was used to test the null hypotheses at .05 level of significance. It was decided to accept the null hypotheses if the significant level (Sig level) exceeds the probability level of .05, otherwise reject the null hypotheses. SPSS version 22 was used to aid the computation. The recommended the Inclusion of maintenance, design and product innovations in the curriculum of motor vehicle maintenance works in government craft centers in Rivers State.
Impact of childhood trauma and cognitive emotion regulation strategies on risk-aversive and loss-aversive patterns of decision-making in patients with depression
Creators: name: Hyu Jung Huh
name: Kwangyeol Baek
name: Kwon, Jae-Hyung
name: Jaeseung Jeong
name: Chae, Jeong-Ho
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology

description: Introduction: Although poor decision-making ultimately impairs quality of life in depression, few studies describe the clinical characteristics of patients suffering from dysfunctional decision-making. This study aims to delineate the effect of childhood trauma and other personality factors on risk-aversive and loss-aversive patterns of decision-making in patients with depression. Methods: A total of 50 depressive patients completed surveys for the measurement of sociodemographic factors, trauma loads and other clinical characteristics, including depression, anxiety, and strategies for emotion regulation. Risk aversion and loss aversion were quantified using probability discounting task and a 50:50 gamble on monetary decision-making task under specified risks. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the factors, predicting risk aversion or loss aversion in depression. Results: Childhood trauma was the most prominent factor predicting loss aversion in patients with depressive disorders. Overall maladaptive emotion regulation strategies were associated with risk aversion. Conclusion: Childhood trauma and specific strategies of emotion regulation contribute to risk or loss aversion in patients with depression. These findings may provide useful insight into elaborative evaluation and interventions to improve decision-making and quality of life in patients with depression.
Land motion in Europe imaged by GNSS
Creators: name: Hübner, Laura
name: Brockmann, Elmar
name: Crocetti, Laura
name: Schindler, Konrad
name: Soja, Benedikt
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023

description: The densification of high-quality, permanent GNSS stations in Europe enables a large-scale investigation of deformation processes on the Earth’s surface. This work aims to interpolate the horizontal and vertical GNSS station velocities and thus produce velocity fields showing the land motion for Switzerland, the Alps and Europe. The GNSS station velocities are provided by the EUREF Working Group on European Dense Velocities. The data set contains horizontal (east, north) and vertical velocities for around 8000 stations in Europe. Five interpolation methods are implemented and compared, namely, Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW), Ordinary Kriging, K - Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Random Forest and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP). Latitude and longitude of the station locations are used as input features for the interpolation. Additional input features will be engineered for Random Forest and MLP. Generally, the performance of all five interpolation methods with latitude and longitude as features evaluated on the test data by Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Mean Bias Error (MBE) is comparable for all velocity components in Switzerland, the Alps and Europe. RMSE and MAE vary among the methods by hundredths of a mm/year. The only exceptions are the horizontal velocity components for the extent of Europe, where MLP and Ordinary Kriging perform slightly worse than the other methods. The key findings of the qualitative analysis are that MLP and Ordinary Kriging produce the smoothest velocity fields, while IDW, KNN and Random Forest produce artifacts due to their mode of operation. All methods interpolate similar velocity fields where the station data is dense and greater differences when it is sparse. Especially for extrapolation areas where no data is available their performance is not verified. The interpolation of the GNSS station velocities in Switzerland, the Alps and Europe for this work shows that it is possible to produce velocity fields with accuracy level below 1 mm/year and the different phenomena of land motion can be clearly identified.
description: EGUsphere
Representation in postsecondary education: effects on minority, low-income, and first-generation students
Creators: name: McCaffrey, Matthew C.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2024

description: Despite increased access to postsecondary education, historically underrepresented college students–minority students, low-income students, first-generation college students–still do not realize the same level of college success as their more privileged peers. While many factors drive outcome disparities, this dissertation investigates the ways in which a college campus, and the demographic composition of that campus affects the success of historically underrepresented students. While much theory, research, and supreme court litigation has focused on the compelling state interest of diversity for all students, this dissertation examines whether and how representation of underrepresented groups has effects on underrepresented students. Utilizing data from the NCES Educational Longitudinal Study as well as the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, I examine how representation impacts historically underrepresented students, whether those impacts are non-linear, and whether those impacts are mediated by or interact with high-school representation. The findings of this research are mixed. Ultimately, results suggest that representation matters for each examined group (minority students, low-income students, and first-generation college students). But, the degree to which representation matters is subtle; and the contours vary by outcome. This research contributes to the literature by adding an additional study of racial/ethnic representation, and less common quantitative studies on representation of low-income and first-generation students. This study also provides a combined analysis of the effects of high school and postsecondary representation.
The Renovated Thacher Observatory and First Science Results
Creators: name: Swift, Jonathan J.
name: Andersen, Karina
name: Arculli, Toby
name: Browning, Oakley
name: Ding, Jeffrey
name: Edwards, Nick
name: Fanning, Tomas
name: Geyer, John
name: Huber, Grace
name: Jin-Ngo, Dylan
name: Kelliher, Ben
name: Kirkpatrick, Colin
name: Kirkpatrick, Liam
name: Klink, Douglas
name: Lavine, Connor
name: Lawrence, George
name: Lawrence, Yousef
name: Leung, Feng Lin Cyrus
name: Luebbers, Julien
name: Myles, Justin
name: O'Neill, Theo J.
name: Osuna, Jaime
name: Phipps, Peter
name: Rahman, Gazi
name: Rosenbaum, Teddy
name: Stacey, Holland
name: Stacey, Piper
name: Tang, Hadrien
name: Wood, Asher
name: Wilcox, Alejandro
name: Vyhnal, Christopher R.
name: Yang, Grace
name: Yim, Jennifer
name: Yin, Yao
name: Zhang, Jack
name: Foley, Ryan J.
name: Gardner, Paul
name: Stafford, Greg
name: Rowe, David
name: Ivarsen, Kevin
name: Hedrick, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Located on the campus of the Thacher School in Southern California, the Thacher Observatory has a legacy of astronomy research and education that dates back to the late 1950's. In 2016, the observatory was fully renovated with upgrades including a new 0.7-m telescope, a research grade camera, and a slit dome with full automation capabilities. The low-elevation site is bordered by the Los Padres National Forest and therefore affords dark to very dark skies allowing for accurate and precise photometric observations. We present a characterization of the site including sky brightness, weather, and seeing, and we demonstrate the on-sky performance of the facility. Our primary research programs are based around our multi-band photometric capabilities and include photometric monitoring of variable sources, a nearby supernova search and followup program, a quick response transient followup effort, and exoplanet and eclipsing binary light curves. Select results from these programs are included in this work which highlight the broad range of science available to an automated observatory with a moderately sized telescope.
description: 20 pages, 18 figures, PASP accepted
Maize and wheat yield forecasting in the Pannonian Basin using extreme gradient boosting and its performance in years of severe drought
Creators: name: Bueechi, Emanuel
name: Fischer, Milan
name: Crocetti, Laura
name: Trnka, Miroslav
name: Zappa, Luca
name: Grlj, Ales
name: Dorigo, Wouter
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023

description: The increasing frequency and intensity of severe droughts over recent decades have significantly impacted crop production in the Pannonian Basin in southeastern Europe. Related crop yield losses can be substantial and require logistic compensation on an international level. To plan such compensations, seasonal crop yield forecasts have proven to be a valuable tool to support decision-makers in taking timely action. However, the impact of severe droughts on crop yields is often underestimated by such forecasts. To address this issue, we developed a maize and wheat yield forecasting system based on extreme-gradient-boosting machine learning for 42 regions in the Pannonian Basin. The used predictors describe vegetation state, weather, and soil moisture conditions derived from Earth observation, reanalysis, in-situ data, and seasonal weather forecasts. The wide range of predictors was selected to represent the state of the crops and the conditions they are facing and are expected to face. We expected it to be crucial, especially during severe drought years, to provide the model with sufficient information about the drought and its impacts. Afterwards, the model was validated, with a focus on drought years.

Our results show that crop yield anomaly estimates in the two months preceding harvest have better performance than earlier in the year (relative root mean square errors below 17%) in all years. The models have their clear strength in forecasting interannual variabilities but struggle to forecast differences between regions within individual years. This is related to spatial autocorrelations and a lower spatial than temporal variability of crop yields. In years of severe droughts, there is a clear improvement in the forecasts with a 2-month lead time over longer forecasts too. The crop yield losses remain underestimated, but the wheat model performs in drought years better than for average years with errors below 12%. The errors of the maize forecasts in drought years are larger than for non-drought years: 30% two months ahead and 20% one month ahead. The feature importance analysis shows that in general wheat yield anomalies are controlled by temperature and maize by water availability during the last two months before harvest. In severe drought years, soil moisture is the most important predictor for the maize model and the seasonal temperature forecast becomes key for wheat forecasts two months before harvest. Going forward, a finer spatial resolution of the predictors will be tested to better distinguish the yields between the different regions. In addition, longer time-series of crop yield data, including more data during severe drought years, will help to test the findings of this study.
description: EGUsphere
Two new threitol orsellinates from a sea mud-derived fungus, Ascotricha sp. ZJ-M-5
Creators: name: Xu, Xiu-Mei
name: Dan-Yi Li
name: Hua, Hui-Ming
name: Zhan-Lin Li
name: Liu, Qian
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Two new d-threitol orsellinates (1–2) were isolated from the EtOAc extract of a sea mud-derived fungus, Ascotricha sp. ZJ-M-5, cultured in Czapek Dox broth. These two compounds featured in the symmetrical substitution of orsellinic acid or acetic acid, which was established on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR experiments. The characteristic optical rotations enabled the assignment of the absolute configuration.
Determining Atmospheric Electric Fields using MGMR3D
Creators: name: Trinh, T. N. G.
name: Scholten, O.
name: Buitink, S.
name: de Vries, K. D.
name: Mitra, P.
name: Nguyen, T. Phong
name: Si, D. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmic-ray particles impinging on the atmosphere induce high-energy particle cascades in air, an Extensive Air Shower (EAS), emitting coherent radio emission. This emission is affected by the presence of strong electric fields during thunderstorm conditions. To reconstruct the atmospheric electric field from the measured radio footprint of the EAS we use an analytic model for the calculation of the radio emission, MGMR3D. In this work we make an extensive comparison between the results of a microscopic model for radio emission, CoREAS, to obtain an improved parametrization for MGMR3D in the presence of atmospheric electric fields, as well as confidence intervals. The approach to extract the electric field structure is applied successfully to an event with a complicated radio footprint measured by LOFAR during thunderstorm conditions. This shows that, with the improved parametrization, MGMR3D can be used to extract the structure of the atmospheric electric field.
description: The paper is accepted for publication in Physical Review D
A parametric approach for the identification of single-charged isotopes with AMS-02
Creators: name: Bueno, E. F.
name: Barão, F.
name: Vecchi, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurements of the isotopic composition of single-charged cosmic rays provide important insights in the propagation processes. However, the isotopic identification is challenging due to the one hundred times greater abundance of protons when compared to deuterons, the only stable isotope of hydrogen. Taking advantage of the precise measurements of the velocity and momentum in the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS-02), a particle physics detector operating aboard the International Space Station since May 2011, we describe a parametric template fit method, which takes into account systematic uncertainties such as the fragmentation of particles inside AMS-02 and eventual differences between data and simulation through the use of nuisance parameters. With this method we are also able to assess the AMS-02 performance in terms of mass resolution, showing that it is able to separate the isotopes of hydrogen up to 10 GeV/n.
description: Accepted for publication in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A