cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The modified Newtonian dynamics-MOND-and its implications for new physics
Creators: name: Bekenstein, Jacob D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: No more salient issue exists in contemporary astrophysics and cosmology than that of the elusive "dark matter". For many years already Milgrom's paradigm of modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) has provided an alternative way to interpret observations without appeal to invisible dark matter. MOND had been successful in elucidating economically the dynamics of disk galaxies of all scales, while doing less well for clusters of galaxies; in its original form it could not address gravitational lensing or cosmology. After reviewing some of the evidence in favor of MOND, I recollect the development of relativistic formulations for it to cope with the last deficiency. I comment on recent work by various groups in confronting TeVeS, a relativistic embodiment of MOND, with observational data on gravitational lensing and cosmology. Throughout I ask what sort of physics can be responsible for the efficacy of MOND, and conclude with an appraisal of what theoretical developments are still needed to reach a full description of the world involving no unobserved matter.
description: Pedagogical introduction to MOND and review of modern developments. To appear shortly in Contemporary Physics; LaTeX with 6 figures, 15 pages
Morphology Matters: A Multilingual Language Modeling Analysis
Creators: name: Park, Hyunji Hayley
name: Zhang, Katherine J.
name: Haley, Coleman
name: Steimel, Kenneth
name: Liu, Han
name: Schwartz, Lane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Prior studies in multilingual language modeling (e.g., Cotterell et al., 2018; Mielke et al., 2019) disagree on whether or not inflectional morphology makes languages harder to model. We attempt to resolve the disagreement and extend those studies. We compile a larger corpus of 145 Bible translations in 92 languages and a larger number of typological features. We fill in missing typological data for several languages and consider corpus-based measures of morphological complexity in addition to expert-produced typological features. We find that several morphological measures are significantly associated with higher surprisal when LSTM models are trained with BPE-segmented data. We also investigate linguistically-motivated subword segmentation strategies like Morfessor and Finite-State Transducers (FSTs) and find that these segmentation strategies yield better performance and reduce the impact of a language's morphology on language modeling.
description: To appear in TACL, a pre-MIT Press publication version; 15 pages, 3 figures; for the datasets, see https://github.com/hayleypark/MorphologyMatters
MPEC 2025-G112 : DAILY ORBIT UPDATE (2025 April 10)
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Big Data Generated by Connected and Automated Vehicles for Safety Monitoring, Assessment and Improvement, Final Report (Year 3)
Creators: name: Khattak, Asad J.
name: Mahdinia, Iman
name: Mohammadi, Sevin
name: Mohammadnazar, Amin
name: Wali, Behram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This report focuses on safety aspects of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs). The fundamental question to be answered is how can CAVs improve road users' safety? Using advanced data mining and thematic text analytics tools, the goal is to systematically synthesize studies related to Big Data for safety monitoring and improvement. Within this domain, the report systematically compares Big Data initiatives related to transportation initiatives nationally and internationally and provides insights regarding the evolution of Big Data science applications related to CAVs and new challenges. The objectives addressed are: 1-Creating a database of Big Data efforts by acquiring reports, white papers, and journal publications; 2-Applying text analytics tools to extract key concepts, and spot patterns and trends in Big Data initiatives; 3-Understanding the evolution of CAV Big Data in the context of safety by quantifying granular taxonomies and modeling entity relations among contents in CAV Big Data research initiatives, and 4-Developing a foundation for exploring new approaches to tracking and analyzing CAV Big Data and related innovations. The study synthesizes and derives high-quality information from innovative research activities undertaken by various research entities through Big Data initiatives. The results can provide a conceptual foundation for developing new approaches for guiding and tracking the safety implications of Big Data and related innovations.
description: 47 pages, 21 figures, http://ctr.utk.edu/STC-wordpress-docs/MRI-finals/Khattak-MRI4-Year-3-Final.pdf
Geometrical Aspects in Optical Wavepacket Dynamics
Creators: name: Onoda, Masaru
name: Murakami, Shuichi
name: Nagaosa, Naoto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a semiclassical theory for propagation of an optical wavepacket in non-conducting media with periodic structures of dielectric permittivity and magnetic permeability, i.e., non-conducting photonic crystals. We employ a quantum-mechanical formalism in order to clarify its link to those of electronic systems. It involves the geometrical phase, i.e., Berry phase, in a natural way, and describes an interplay between orbital motion and the internal rotation. Based on the above theory, we discuss the geometrical aspects of the optical Hall effect. We also consider a reduction of the theory to a system without periodic structure and apply it to the transverse shift at an interface reflection/refraction. For generic incident beams with elliptic polarizations, an identical result for the transverse shift of each reflected/transmitted beam is given by the following different approaches; (i) analytic evaluation of wavepacket dynamics, (ii) total angular momentum (TAM) conservation {\it for individual photons}, and (iii) numerical simulation of wavepacket dynamics. It is consistent with a result by classical electrodynamics. This means that the TAM conservation for individual photons is already taken into account in wave optics, i.e, classical electrodynamics. Finally, we show an application of our theory to a two-dimensional photonic crystal, and propose an optimal design for the enhancement of the optical Hall effect in photonic crystals.
description: REVTeX, 31 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables, references updated
Assessing the attraction of cities on venture capital from a scaling law perspective
Creators: name: Li, Ruiqi
name: Lu, Lingyun
name: Gu, Weiwei
name: Ma, Shaodong
name: Xu, Gang
name: Stanley, H. Eugene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Cities are centers for the integration of capital and incubators of invention, and attracting venture capital (VC) is of great importance for cities to advance in innovative technology and business models towards a sustainable and prosperous future. Yet we still lack a quantitative understanding of the relationship between urban characteristics and VC activities. In this paper, we find a clear nonlinear scaling relationship between VC activities and the urban population of Chinese cities. In such nonlinear systems, the widely applied linear per capita indicators would be either biased to larger cities or smaller cities depends on whether it is superlinear or sublinear, while the residual of cities relative to the prediction of scaling law is a more objective and scale-invariant metric. %(i.e., independent of the city size). Such a metric can distinguish the effects of local dynamics and scaled growth induced by the change of population size. The spatiotemporal evolution of such metrics on VC activities reveals three distinct groups of cities, two of which stand out with increasing and decreasing trends, respectively. And the taxonomy results together with spatial analysis also signify different development modes between large urban agglomeration regions. Besides, we notice the evolution of scaling exponents on VC activities are of much larger fluctuations than on socioeconomic output of cities, and a conceptual model that focuses on the growth dynamics of different sized cities can well explain it, which we assume would be general to other scenarios.
Charm mixing in the Standard Model and beyond
Creators: name: Petrov, Alexey A
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The motivation most often cited in searches for D0-anti-D0 mixing and CP-violation in charm system lies with the possibility of observing a signal from New Physics which dominates that from the Standard Model. We review recent theoretical predictions and experimental constraints on D0-anti-D0 mixing parameters, concentrating on possible effects of New Physics.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures, Invited talk at International Workshop on Tau-Charm Physics (Charm 2006), Beijing, China, 5-7 Jun 2006
High velocity spectroscopic binary orbits from photoelectric radial velocities: BD +30 2129 A
Creators: name: Bartkevicius, A.
name: Sperauskas, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spectroscopic orbit of a high proper motion visual binary system BD +30 2129 component A is determined from 22 CORAVEL-type radial velocity measurements. A period of P = 32.79 days and a moderate eccentricity e = 0.29 are obtained. The visual system AB has a projected spatial separation ~580 AU. The system's barycenter velocity V0 = -35.95 km/s and the transverse velocity Vt = 132.2 km/s. The Galactic spatial velocity components U = +76.7 km/s, V = 110.4 km/s, W = -26.6 km/s, and a large ultraviolet excess give evidence that the star belongs to thick disk population of the Galaxy.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures
Low-energy electrodynamics of Dirac semimetal phases in the doped Mott insulator Sr$_2$IrO$_4$
Creators: name: Kim, Sun-Woo
name: Kang, Myungjun
name: Cheon, Sangmo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Correlated Dirac semimetal phases emerge in lightly doped (Tb- or La-doped) Mott insulator Sr$_2$IrO$_4$, where a d-wave symmetry-breaking order underlying a pseudogap plays a crucial role in determining the nature of Dirac degeneracy, i.e., whether it is a Dirac line node or Dirac point node. Here, using a realistic five-orbital tight-binding model with a Hubbard U and a semiclassical Boltzmann transport theory, we systematically study the low-energy electrodynamic properties of the Dirac semimetal phases in the paramagnetic lightly doped Sr$_2$IrO$_4$. We investigate the effects of the d-wave electronic order and electron doping concentration on the electronic band structures and optical properties of various Dirac semimetal phases. We calculate the intraband optical conductivity and obtain electrodynamic parameters of dc conductivity, scattering rate, and Drude weight for three Dirac semimetal phases: two are Dirac point-node states observed in the 3% Tb-doped and 5% La-doped Sr$_2$IrO$_4$, and the other is a Dirac line-node state. Our results show that the temperature dependence of the electrodynamic parameters is strong in the Tb-doped system while weak in the La-doped and Dirac line-node systems, which are consistent with available experimental data. Moreover, using the low-energy effective theory, we also compare the temperature-dependent screening effect in the Tb- and La-doped systems using graphene as a reference. Our paper provides valuable insight for understanding the transport and optical properties of correlated Dirac semimetal phases in the doped Sr$_2$IrO$_4$.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
Magnetic Impurity States and Ferromagnetic Interaction in Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors
Creators: name: Ichimura, M.
name: Tanikawa, K.
name: Takahashi, S.
name: Baskaran, G.
name: Maekawa, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electronic structure of diluted magnetic semiconductors is studied, especially focusing on the hole character. The Haldane-Anderson model is extend to a magnetic impurity, and is analyzed in the Hartree-Fock approximation. Due to the strong hybridization of an impurity d-states with host p-states, it is shown that holes are created in the valence band, at the same time the localized magnetic moments are formed. These holes are weakly bound around the impurity site with the characteristic length of several lattice constants. For the case of the two impurities, it is found that when the separation of two impurities is of the order of the length of holes, the overlap of these holes favors the ferromagnetic interaction. The spatially extended holes play an essential role for the ferromagnetic exchange interaction.
description: 3 figures
The Star Formation History and Evolution of the Circumnuclear Region of M100
Creators: name: Allard, Emma L.
name: Knapen, Johan H.
name: Peletier, Reynier F.
name: Sarzi, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Abridged) Star-forming nuclear rings in barred galaxies are common in nearby spirals, and their detailed study can lead to important insights into the evolution of galaxies, their bars, and their central regions. We present integral field spectroscopic observations obtained with SAURON of the bar and circumnuclear region of the barred spiral galaxy M100, complemented by new {\it Spitzer Space Telescope} imaging of the region. We use these data to enhance our understanding of the formation, evolution, and current properties of the bar and ring. We derive the kinematics of the gas and the stars and quantify circular and non-circular motions using kinemetry. We analyse this in conjunction with the optical and infrared morphology, and our previously published dynamical modelling. By comparing line indices to simple stellar population models we estimate the ages and metallicities of the stellar populations present within the region, especially in and around the ring. Our kinematic and morphological results all confirm the picture in which the nuclear ring in M100, considered typical, is fed by gas flowing in from the disc under the action of the bar, is slowed down near a pair of resonances, and forms significant amounts of massive stars. Detailed stellar population modelling shows how the underlying bulge and disc were put in place a number of Gyr ago, and that the nuclear ring has been forming stars since about 500~Myr ago in a stable succession of bursts. This confirms that nuclear rings of this kind can form under the influence of a resonant structure set up by a bar, and proves that they are stable features of a galaxy rather than one-off starburst events.
description: 21 pages, accepted for publication in MNRAS, minor corrections included
Seesaw Extended MSSM and Anomaly Mediation without Tachyonic Sleptons
Creators: name: Mohapatra, R. N.
name: Setzer, N.
name: Spinner, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superconformal anomalies provide an elegant and economical way to understand the soft breaking parameters in SUSY models; however, implementing them leads to the several undesirable features including: tachyonic sleptons and electroweak symmetry breaking problems in both the MSSM and the NMSSM. Since these two theories also have the additonal problem of massless neutrinos, we have reconsidered the AMSB problems in a class of models that extends the NMSSM to explain small neutrino masses via the seesaw mechanism. In a recent paper, we showed that for a class of minimal left-right extensions, a built-in mechanism exists which naturally solves the tachyonic slepton problem and provides new alternatives to the MSSM that also have automatic R-parity conservation. In this paper, we discuss how electroweak symmetry breaking arises in this model through an NMSSM-like low energy theory with a singlet VEV, induced by the structure of the left-right extension and of the right magnitude. We then study the phenomenological issues and find: the LSP is an Higgsino-wino mix, new phenomenology for chargino decays to the LSP, degenerate same generation sleptons and a potential for a mild squark-slepton degeneracy. We also discuss possible collider signatures and the feasibility of dark matter in this model.
description: 40 pages, 10 figures, 5 tables; v3: Added addendum and three new references; v4: Added reference that was inadvertently omitted
Additional file 1 of Psychometric properties of public trust in Covid-19 control and prevention policies questionnaire
Creators: name: Kalajahi, Riaz Alaei
name: Saadati, Mohammad
name: Aghdash, Saber Azami
name: Rezapour, Ramin
name: Nouri, Mehdi
name: Derakhshani, Naser
name: Dalal, Koustuv
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Supplementary Material 1
Surface growth on treelike lattices and the upper critical dimension of the KPZ class
Creators: name: Oliveira, Tiago J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aiming to investigate the upper critical dimension, $d_u$, of the KPZ class, in [EPL 103 (2013) 10005] some growth models were numerically analyzed using Cayley trees (CTs) as substrates, as a way to access their behavior in the infinite-dimensional limit, and some unexpected results were reported: logarithmic roughness scaling, differing for EW and KPZ models (indicating that even at $d=\infty$ the KPZ nonlinearity is still relevant); beyond asymptotically rough EW surfaces above the upper critical dimension of the EW class. Motivated by these strange findings, I revisit these growth models here to show that such results are simple consequences of boundary effects, inherent to systems defined on CTs. In fact, I demonstrate that the anomalous boundary of the CT leads the growing surfaces to develop curved shapes, which explains the strange behaviors previously found for these systems, once the global "roughness" were analyzed for non-flat surfaces in the study above. Importantly, by measuring the height fluctuations at the central site of the CT, which can be seen as an approximation for the Bethe lattice, smooth surfaces are found for both EW and KPZ classes, consistently with the behavior expected for growing systems in dimensions $d \geqslant d_u$. Interesting features of the 1-pt height fluctuations, such as the possibility of non-saturation in the steady state regime, are also discussed for substrates in general.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Insights on user perceptions and needs regarding the Energy Performance Certificate (EPC)
Creators: name: Muhr, Laura
name: Boneta, María Fernández
name: Bores, Marta Sampedro
name: Laubin, Jelle
name: Anne-Claire Legon
name: Kondratenko, Irena
name: Klobut, Krzysztof
name: Venasen, Teemu
name: Urbanz, Theresa
name: Iná Maia
name: Polychroni, Elpida
name: Andreas Androutsopoulos,
name: Bololia, María
name: Sträßer, Sophie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: EPC, stakeholders, perception, user-needs, criteria-set, recommendations

description: In order to complement the stakeholder analysis carried out in the ePANACEA context, stakeholder interviews were conducted, primarily with the purpose to learn about end users’ knowledge, perception, use and interests regarding the EPC, as well as their behaviour regarding EEMs. Interviews were conducted in the five pilot countries of ePANACEA (i.e. Spain, Belgium- Flemish Region, Finland, Austria and Greece) and in Germany. In order to take a participative approach for the development of the next generation of EPC, the ePANACEA project seeks to consider aspects that make the current EPC schemes more useful for end users. Therefore, user-needs workshops, aimed at focusing on participants’ critiques and needs regarding the EPC, and were conducted with end users and other stakeholders in the five pilot countries and Germany. Looking at all expressed critiques and needs, we can categorize them into three levels of the EPC: implementation of the EPC as a policy tool, generation of the EPC and use of the EPC – therefore ranging from broad to detailed. A criteria-set for an adequate EPC was developed based on the collected critiques and needs. According to this, an adequate EPC is reliable, ideally comparable in the national and international context, understandable (for end users), tangible (for end users because they can refer information to real life), comprehensive (considering regulative and technical developments), adequate and dynamic. Furthermore, recommendations for EPC authorities for the next generation of EPC were derived from this. The formulated recommendations are separated into recommendations addressing EPC in general (covering all three levels) and recommendations for the EPC version for authorities and end users, addressing the third level (use of the EPC) respectively. In addition, recommendations draw attention to the potential of other stakeholders to improve communication about the EPC.
Of mice and men: levels of endocytic proteins are altered with ageing in the brain
Creators: name: Alsaqati, Mouhamed
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: Ageing is the major risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but the reason for this association has yet to be elucidated. Changes in endocytosis in AD were originally identified over 15 years ago and are now thought to be causative rather than a consequence of the disease process. The amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide is cleaved from amyloid precursor protein (APP) by the activity of β- and γ-secretases, primarily after APP has undergone endocytosis. Two different mechanisms of endocytosis related to AD have been reported; clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent endocytosis. This study was designed to identify how the levels of several endocytic proteins change with ageing in human and mouse brain cortex samples.

Human brain frontal cortex samples from three different age ranges, young (20-30), middle-aged (40-60) and older (70-80) (with no reported history of dementia) were obtained from the Sudden Death Edinburgh Brain and Tissue Bank. C57Bl6 mouse brain samples were obtained at 3, 9 and 18 months of age. Tissue protein was extracted using 2% sodium dodecyl sulphate with protease inhibitor cocktail III (Roche). Levels of APP and endocytic proteins in these samples were determined by immunoblotting using appropriate specific antibodies.

In both human and mouse samples, the levels of APP were not significantly altered between the age groups. However, in human brain samples, the levels of several endocytic proteins, clathrin heavy chain, dynamin-1 and PICALM were increased in the older group compared to the young and middle-aged subjects. Whereas the level of caveolin-1 was not altered. In contrast, in mouse samples the levels of clathrin heavy chain and dynamin-1 were not changed with age. However, the level of caveolin-1 increased significantly in 9 and 18-month mice compared to 3-month mice, while the level of PICALM was significantly decreased in older mice.

The unaltered levels of APP within all age groups, in both human and mouse cortices, is consistent with previous reports. The current data suggest an age-related increase in endocytic proteins in the human frontal cortex. This may potentially predispose older individuals to develop AD by increasing endocytosis of APP and thus its subsequent metabolism to Aβ. The mice data are opposite to those found in the human brains and thus our results suggest that, data from mice should be interpreted with caution; mice are not small people.
Bridging the Gap: the case for an Incompletely Theorized Agreement on AI policy
Creators: name: Stix, Charlotte
name: Maas, Matthijs M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent progress in artificial intelligence (AI) raises a wide array of ethical and societal concerns. Accordingly, an appropriate policy approach is needed today. While there has been a wave of scholarship in this field, the research community at times appears divided amongst those who emphasize near-term concerns, and those focusing on long-term concerns and corresponding policy measures. In this paper, we seek to map and critically examine this alleged gulf, with a view to understanding the practical space for inter-community collaboration on AI policy. This culminates in a proposal to make use of the legal notion of an incompletely theorized agreement. We propose that on certain issue areas, scholars working with near-term and long-term perspectives can converge and cooperate on selected mutually beneficial AI policy projects all the while maintaining divergent perspectives.
Anomalous Hall effect and negative longitudinal magnetoresistance in half-Heusler topological semimetal candidates TbPtBi and HoPtBi
Creators: name: Pavlosiuk, Orest
name: Fałat, Patryk
name: Kaczorowski, Dariusz
name: Wiśniewski, Piotr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Half-Heusler compounds have attracted significant attention because of their topologically non-trivial electronic structure, which leads to unusual electron transport properties. We thoroughly investigated the magnetotransport properties of high-quality single crystals of two half-Heusler phases, TbPtBi and HoPtBi, in pursuit of the characteristic features of topologically non-trivial electronic states. Both studied compounds are characterized by the giant values of transverse magnetoresistance with no sign of saturation in magnetic field up to 14 T. HoPtBi demonstrates the Shubnikov-de Haas effect with two principal frequencies, indicating a complex Fermi surface; the extracted values of carrier effective masses are rather small, $0.18\,m_e$ and $0.27\,m_e$. The investigated compounds exhibit negative longitudinal magnetoresistance and anomalous Hall effect, which likely arise from a nonzero Berry curvature. Both compounds show strongly anisotropic magnetoresistance, that in HoPtBi exhibits a butterfly-like behavior.
description: 12 pages, 15 figures, Supplementary Material included
Knowledge Graphs and Natural-Language Processing
Creators: name: Opdahl, Andreas L
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Emergency-relevant data comes in many varieties. It can be high volume and high velocity, and reaction times are critical, calling for efficient and powerful techniques for data analysis and management. Knowledge graphs represent data in a rich, flexible, and uniform way that is well matched with the needs of emergency management. They build on existing standards, resources, techniques, and tools for semantic data and computing. This chapter explains the most important semantic technologies and how they support knowledge graphs. We proceed to discuss their benefits and challenges and give examples of relevant semantic data sources and vocabularies. Natural-language texts -- in particular those collected from social media such as Twitter -- is a type of data source that poses particular analysis challenges. We therefore include an overview of techniques for processing natural-language texts.
description: In Big Data in Emergency Management: Exploitation Techniques for Social and Mobile Data (pp. 75-91). Springer, Cham
Zero temperature Glauber dynamics on complex networks
Creators: name: Castellano, Claudio
name: Pastor-Satorras, Romualdo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Glauber dynamics at zero temperature of spins placed on the vertices of an uncorrelated network with a power-law degreedistribution. Application of mean-field theory yields as main prediction that for symmetric disordered initial conditions the mean time to reach full order is finite or diverges as a logarithm of the system size N, depending on the exponent of the degree distribution. Extensive numerical simulations contradict these results and clearly show that the mean-field assumption is not appropriate to describe this problem.
description: 20 pages, 10 figures
Hard-ODT: Hardware-Friendly Online Decision Tree Learning Algorithm and System
Creators: name: Lin, Zhe
name: Sinha, Sharad
name: Zhang, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Decision trees are machine learning models commonly used in various application scenarios. In the era of big data, traditional decision tree induction algorithms are not suitable for learning large-scale datasets due to their stringent data storage requirement. Online decision tree learning algorithms have been devised to tackle this problem by concurrently training with incoming samples and providing inference results. However, even the most up-to-date online tree learning algorithms still suffer from either high memory usage or high computational intensity with dependency and long latency, making them challenging to implement in hardware. To overcome these difficulties, we introduce a new quantile-based algorithm to improve the induction of the Hoeffding tree, one of the state-of-the-art online learning models. The proposed algorithm is light-weight in terms of both memory and computational demand, while still maintaining high generalization ability. A series of optimization techniques dedicated to the proposed algorithm have been investigated from the hardware perspective, including coarse-grained and fine-grained parallelism, dynamic and memory-based resource sharing, pipelining with data forwarding. Following this, we present Hard-ODT, a high-performance, hardware-efficient and scalable online decision tree learning system on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) with system-level optimization techniques. Performance and resource utilization are modeled for the complete learning system for early and fast analysis of the trade-off between various design metrics. Finally, we propose a design flow in which the proposed learning system is applied to FPGA run-time power monitoring as a case study.
description: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2009.01431
Observation of intensity squeezing in resonance fluorescence from a solid-state device
Creators: name: Wang, Hui
name: Qin, Jian
name: Chen, Si
name: Chen, Ming-Cheng
name: You, Xiang
name: Ding, Xing
name: Huo, Y. -H.
name: Yu, Ying
name: Schneider, C.
name: Hoefling, Sven
name: Scully, Marlan
name: Lu, Chao-Yang
name: Pan, Jian-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Intensity squeezing, i.e., photon number fluctuations below the shot noise limit, is a fundamental aspect of quantum optics and has wide applications in quantum metrology. It was predicted in 1979 that the intensity squeezing could be observed in resonance fluorescence from a two-level quantum system. Yet, its experimental observation in solid states was hindered by inefficiencies in generating, collecting and detecting resonance fluorescence. Here, we report the intensity squeezing in a single-mode fibre-coupled resonance fluorescence single-photon source based on a quantum dot-micropillar system. We detect pulsed single-photon streams with 22.6% system efficiency, which show subshot-noise intensity fluctuation with an intensity squeezing of 0.59 dB. We estimate a corrected squeezing of 3.29 dB at the first lens. The observed intensity squeezing provides the last piece of the fundamental picture of resonance fluorescence; which can be used as a new standard for optical radiation and in scalable quantum metrology with indistinguishable single photons.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures
Nilpotent Spinor Symmetry with Interacting Spin 3/2 Field
Creators: name: Nishino, Hitoshi
name: Rajpoot, Subhash
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Consistent interactions of spin 3/2 field that realize a nilpotent spinorial symmetry are presented. Based on our previous results on purely bosonic non-Abelian tensor with consistent interactions, we present a new system for interacting spin 3/2 field that realizes the nilpotent fermionic symmetry.
description: 4 pages, to appear in the proceedings of "SUSY06, the 14th International Conference on Supersymmetry and the Unification of Fundamental Interactions"
Effect of interaction shape on the condensed DNA toroid
Creators: name: Ishimoto, Yukitaka
name: Kikuchi, Norio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We investigate how different microscopic interactions between semiflexible chain segments can qualitatively alter the physical properties of the condensed toroid. We propose a general form of the Hamiltonian of the toroid and discuss its analytic properties. For different interactions, the theory predicts different scaling behaviours of the mean toroidal and cross sectional radii, $r_c$ and $r_{cross}$, as functions of the contour length L: $(r_c, r_{cross}) \sim L^{ν(N_c)}$ with $ν=(1/5, 2/5)$ for the van der Waals type, $ν=(-1/3, 2/3)$ for the Coulomb type, $ν=(-1, 1)$ for the delta function type attractions in the asymptotic limit. For the toroids with finite winding number $N_c=100 \sim 400$, we find $ν\simeq 0$ for the Yukawa interaction with screening parameter $κ=0.5 \sim 1.0$, and $ν=0.1 \sim 0.13$ for the van der Waals type interactions. These findings could provide possible explanation for the experimentally well known observation $ν\simeq 0$ of the condensed DNA toroids. Conformational transitions are also discussed.
description: 5 pages (double column), 1 table and 3 figures (colour)
Context, input and process as critical elements for successful Emergency Remote Learning
Creators: name: Oliveira, Luciana
name: Mesquita, Anabela
name: Sequeira, Arminda
name: Oliveira, Adriana
name: Silva, Paulino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: K.4.0

description: In Spring 2020, the world moved from traditional classes to what was coined as ERL (Emergency Remote Teaching, Learning, Instruction), posing real challenges to all actors involved, requiring an immediate, unprecedented, and unplanned devising of mitigation strategies. The impacts of this transition cannot, however, be studied only at the educational level, as it consists of a broader social shift with multidomain repercussions. In this paper, we use the CIPP model (Context, Input, Process and Product evaluations) to further investigate interrelations among the context, input and process elements of ERL during the first wave of COVID-19, as the second wave presses towards reconfining. A correlation analysis of 46 variables, based students responses (N=360) to a closed-ended questionnaire shows the crucial importance of motivation and engagement in online classes, as learning enablers or constrainers. These also shape the students perception of the role that online classes play in helping them to stay more positive during ERL.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure, 1 table
Low Lying Scalar Resonances and Chiral Symmetry
Creators: name: Zheng, Hanqing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Current theoretical studies on the $σ$ and $κ$ resonances are reviewed. It is emphasized that all evidences accumulated so far are consistent with the picture that the $σ$ meson is the chiral partner of the Nambu--Goldstone bosons in a linear realization of chiral symmetry.
description: Invited plenary talk given at CHIRAL 2007, Nov. 13-16, 2007, RCNP, Osaka, Japan
Numerical study of the random field Ising model at zero and positive temperature
Creators: name: Wu, Yong
name: Machta, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper the three dimensional random field Ising model is studied at both zero temperature and positive temperature. Critical exponents are extracted at zero temperature by finite size scaling analysis of large discontinuities in the bond energy. The heat capacity exponent $α$ is found to be near zero. The ground states are determined for a range of external field and disorder strength near the zero temperature critical point and the scaling of ground state tilings of the field-disorder plane is discussed. At positive temperature the specific heat and the susceptibility are obtained using the Wang-Landau algorithm. It is found that sharp peaks are present in these physical quantities for some realizations of systems sized $16^3$ and larger. These sharp peaks result from flipping large domains and correspond to large discontinuities in ground state bond energies. Finally, zero temperature and positive temperature spin configurations near the critical line are found to be highly correlated suggesting a strong version of the zero temperature fixed point hypothesis.
description: 11 pages, 14 figures
Temporal and episodic structure of 5-year olds’ narratives
Creators: name: Handford, Karen Michaela
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The general purpose of this study was to investigate temporal aspects of 5-year-old children's narrative development. A plot-based analysis was carried out modeled on previous research by Bamberg (1987) and Berman and Slobin (1994) and was used to address the research hypotheses of this study. The first hypothesis was that by the age of 5 most children in this study would ground their narratives in an anchor tense. The second was that the 5-year-olds would use nonanchor tense verbs and temporal connectors to signal specific narrative boundaries such as episode boundaries. The third hypothesis was that the narrative data obtained from 5-year-olds involved in this study would replicate results of previous research with English-speaking and German-speaking 5-year-olds (as far as language differences permit). Twelve 5-year-olds (ages 5;00.16 to;5;11.16) participated in this study. The procedures for narrative elicitation followed those laid out by Berman et al. (1986). Each child was asked to look through the picture book .Frog; where are you? (Mayer, 1969) until he or she knew the book well enough to tell the best story possible. After telling the story, each child had the option of retelling it if so desired. The narratives were then coded for the verb forms used, temporal connectors, plot components, and episodes. The verb forms were analyzed for the presence or absence of an anchor tense and any patterns found in the use of the rarer verb forms. The time expressions and other connectors were examined for their roles in creating narrative coherence, as well as for the signalling functions that these expressions had. The narratives as a whole were analysed for the presence or absence of essential plot components, and particular attention was paid to the clauses occurring at episode boundaries. Results indicated that most children did ground their narratives in an anchor tense, and most assigned signalling functions to rarer verb forms or temporal connectors. The results of this study generally replicated results of previous research.
Closed subgroups of free profinite monoids are projective profinite groups
Creators: name: Rhodes, John
name: Steinberg, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F20, 20M07

description: We prove that the class of closed subgroups of free profinite monoids is precisely the class of projective profinite groups. In particular, the profinite groups associated to minimal symbolic dynamical systems by Almeida are projective. Our result answers a question raised by Lubotzky during the lecture of Almeida at the Fields Workshop on Profinite Groups and Applications, Carleton University, August 2005. We also prove that any finite subsemigroup of a free profinite monoid consists of idempotents.
Millisecond dips in the RXTE/PCA light curve of Sco X-1 and TNO occultation
Creators: name: Chang, Hsiang-Kuang
name: Liang, Jau-Shian
name: Liu, Chih-Yuan
name: King, Sun-Kun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Millisecond dips in the RXTE/PCA light curve of Sco X-1 were reported recently (Chang et al. 2006), which were interpreted as the occultation of X-rays from Sco X-1 caused by Trans-Neptunian Objects (TNO) of hundred-meter size. Inconclusive signatures of possible instrumental effects in many of these dip events related to high-energy cosmic rays were later found (Jones et al. 2006) and the TNO interpretation became shaky. Here we report more detailed analysis aiming at distinguishing true occultation events from those related to cosmic rays. Based on some indicative criteria derived from housekeeping data and two-channel spectral information, we suggest that about 10% of the dips are probable events of occultation. The total number of TNOs of size from 60 m to 100 m is estiamted to be about 10^{15} accordingly. Limited by the coarser time resolution of standard data modes of RXTE/PCA, however, definite results cannot be obtained. Adequately configured observations with RXTE or other new instruments in the future are very much desired.
description: 12 pages (including 14 figures), submitted to MNRAS
BOSHLANG'ICH TA'LIMDA TABIIY FANLARNI O'QITISH  METODIKASI VA UNI TAKOMILLASHTIRISH
Creators: name: Rahmatullayeva Sabohat Sa'dullayevna, Shahrisabz davlat pedagogika instituti  Boshlang'ich ta'lim kafedrasi o'qituvchisi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ushbu  maqolada  boshlang‘ich  sinflarda  tabiiy  fanlarni  o‘qitish  ahamiyati yoritilgan. Maqolada tabiiy fanlarni qanday zamonaviy usullar orqali o‘qitish usul va vositalari yoritiladi. Maqolada tavsifiy metoddan foydalanilgan.
Real-World Anomaly Detection by using Digital Twin Systems and Weakly-Supervised Learning
Creators: name: Castellani, Andrea
name: Schmitt, Sebastian
name: Squartini, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The continuously growing amount of monitored data in the Industry 4.0 context requires strong and reliable anomaly detection techniques. The advancement of Digital Twin technologies allows for realistic simulations of complex machinery, therefore, it is ideally suited to generate synthetic datasets for the use in anomaly detection approaches when compared to actual measurement data. In this paper, we present novel weakly-supervised approaches to anomaly detection for industrial settings. The approaches make use of a Digital Twin to generate a training dataset which simulates the normal operation of the machinery, along with a small set of labeled anomalous measurement from the real machinery. In particular, we introduce a clustering-based approach, called Cluster Centers (CC), and a neural architecture based on the Siamese Autoencoders (SAE), which are tailored for weakly-supervised settings with very few labeled data samples. The performance of the proposed methods is compared against various state-of-the-art anomaly detection algorithms on an application to a real-world dataset from a facility monitoring system, by using a multitude of performance measures. Also, the influence of hyper-parameters related to feature extraction and network architecture is investigated. We find that the proposed SAE based solutions outperform state-of-the-art anomaly detection approaches very robustly for many different hyper-parameter settings on all performance measures.
description: in IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics
Drinfeld Twist and General Relativity with Fuzzy Spaces
Creators: name: Kurkcuoglu, Seckin
name: Saemann, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give a simplified formula for the star product on CP^n_L, which enables us to define a twist element suited for discussing a Drinfeld twist like structure on fuzzy complex projective spaces. The existence of such a twist will have several consequences for field theories on fuzzy spaces, some of which we discuss in the present paper. As expected, we find that the twist of the coproduct is trivial for the generators of isometries on CP^n_L. Furthermore, the twist allows us to define a covariant tensor calculus on CP^n_L from the perspective of the standard embedding of CP^n in flat Euclidean space. That is, we find a representation of a truncated subgroup of the diffeomorphisms on CP^n on the algebra of functions on CP^n_L. Using this calculus, we eventually write down an Einstein-Hilbert action on the fuzzy sphere, which is invariant under twisted diffeomorphisms.
description: 24 pages; uses youngtab.sty; v2: minor changes; version to appear in CQG
Additional file 1 of Collaborative medication management for older adults after hospital discharge: a qualitative descriptive study
Creators: name: Pereira, Filipa
name: Bieri, Marion
name: del Rio Carral, Maria
name: Martins, Maria Manuela
name: Verloo, Henk
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1