cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Failure of Acute Ethanol Administration to Alter Cerebrocortical and Hippocampal Allopregnanolone Levels in C57BL/6J and DBA/2J Mice
Creators: name: Morrow, A. Leslie
name: Concas, Alessandra
name: Porcu, Patrizia
name: Locci, Andrea
name: Santoru, Francesca
name: Berretti, Roberta
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Ethanol (EtOH) administration increases brain allopregnanolone levels in rats, and this increase contributes to sensitivity to EtOH's behavioral effects. However, EtOH's effects on allopregnanolone may differ across species. We investigated the effects of acute EtOH administration on allopregnanolone, progesterone, and corticosterone levels in cerebral cortex and hippocampus of C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice, 2 inbred strains with different alcohol sensitivity.
An Ecological Perspective on the Media and Youth Development
Creators: name: McHale, Susan M.
name: Dotterer, Aryn
name: Kim, Ji Yeon
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: From an ecological perspective, daily activities are both a cause and a consequence of youth development. Research on youth activities directs attention to the processes through which daily activities may have an impact on youth, including: (a) providing chances to learn and practice skills; (b) serving as a forum for identity development; (c) affording opportunities to build social ties; (d) connecting youth to social institutions; and (e) keeping youth from engaging in other kinds of activities. Youth’s daily activities, in turn, both influence and are influenced by the multi-layered ecology within which their lives are embedded, an ecology that ranges from the proximal contexts of everyday life (e.g., family, peer group) to the larger political, economic, legal and cultural contexts of the larger society. The paper concludes with consideration of methodological issues and directions for research on the media and youth development.
Dynamic stall models for post flutter analysis of an aeroelastic wing section
Creators: name:  YANN BLAIRON
name:   OLIVIER MONTAGNIER
name:   ANNIE LEROY
Publisher: name: Proceedings of the Aerospace Europe Conference - EUCASS - CEAS - 2023
Year: 2023
Subjects: AEROELASTICITY
NON-LINEAR AERODYNAMICS
FLUTTER

description: The design of solar HALE drones remains a major challenge for aircraft designers because of their design features of large span wings, necessarily very flexible, which are sensitive to external loads and subject to large displacements. They are thus susceptible to aeroelastic instabilities, which in turn tend to destabilize the drone in flight. For pre-design steps, in view of developing reliable tools that are founded on low order or medium fidelity full nonlinear approaches, this paper presents different dynamic stall models and an aeroelastic study to investigate stall flutter prediction on a two degree of freedom typical aeroelastic section. Three semi-empirical dynamic stall models chosen from the literature have been selected and implemented to investigate differences in their hypothesis, complexity, and performances to predict highly nonlinear aerodynamics. They were assessed by comparison with experimental data and test cases from the literature, in terms of aerodynamic coefficient prediction for an imposed pitch oscillation with different amplitude and reduced frequency and then, in terms of flutter critical airspeed and LCO prediction. Notations
title: Assessing preoperative risk of STR in skull meningiomas using MR radiomics and machine learning
Creators: name: Musigmann, Manfred
name: Akkurt, Burak Han
name: Krähling, Hermann
name: Brokinkel, Benjamin Legolas
name: Henssen, Dylan J. H. A.
name: Sartoretti, Thomas
name: Nacul, Nabila Gala
name: Stummer, Walter
name: Heindel, Walter
name: Mannil, Manoj
Publisher: name: University of Muenster, Institutional Repository MIAMI
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 610 Medicine and health

description: Our aim is to predict possible gross total and subtotal resections of skull meningiomas from pre-treatment T1 post contrast MR-images using radiomics and machine learning in a representative patient cohort. We analyse the accuracy of our model predictions depending on the tumor location within the skull and the postoperative tumor volume. In this retrospective, IRB-approved study, image segmentation of the contrast enhancing parts of the tumor was semi-automatically performed using the 3D Slicer open-source software platform. Imaging data were split into training data and independent test data at random. We extracted a total of 107 radiomic features by hand-delineated regions of interest on T1 post contrast MR images. Feature preselection and model construction were performed with eight different machine learning algorithms. Each model was estimated 100 times on new training data and then tested on a previously unknown, independent test data set to avoid possible overfitting. Our cohort included 138 patients. A gross total resection of the meningioma was performed in 107 cases and a subtotal resection in the remaining 31 cases. Using the training data, the mean area under the curve (AUC), mean accuracy, mean kappa, mean sensitivity and mean specificity were 0.901, 0.875, 0.629, 0.675 and 0.933 respectively. We obtained very similar results with the independent test data: mean AUC = 0.900, mean accuracy = 0.881, mean kappa = 0.644, mean sensitivity = 0.692 and mean specificity = 0.936. Thus, our model exposes good and stable predictive performance with both training and test data. Our radiomics approach shows that with machine learning algorithms and comparatively few explanatory factors such as the location of the tumor within the skull as well as its shape, it is possible to make accurate predictions about whether a meningioma can be completely resected by surgery. Complete resections and resections with larger postoperative tumor volumes can be predicted with very high accuracy. However, cases with very small postoperative tumor volumes are comparatively difficult to predict correctly.
description: Finanziert über die DEAL-Vereinbarung mit Wiley 2019-2022.
Medication adherence: A call for action
Creators: name: Ho, Michael
name: Buono, Elizabeth Whalley
name: Musaus, John
name: Mendys, Phil
name: Liu, Larry Z.
name: Czajkowski, Susan M.
name: Shrank, William H.
name: Burkholder, Rebecca
name: Granger, Christopher B.
name: Kimmel, Stephen E.
name: Brindis, Ralph
name: Bosworth, Hayden B.
name: Daniel, Jodi G.
name: Granger, Bradi B.
name: Johnson, Mimi
name: Weiss, Karen
name: Ekman, Inger
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Poor adherence to efficacious cardiovascular related medications has led to considerable morbidity, mortality, and avoidable health care costs. This paper provides results of a recent think tank meeting in which various stakeholder groups representing key experts from consumers, community health providers, the academic community, decision-making government officials (FDA, NIH, etc), and industry scientists met to evaluate the current status of medication adherence and provide recommendations for improving outcomes. Below, we review the magnitude of the problem of medication adherence, prevalence, impact, and cost. We then summarize proven effective approaches and conclude with a discussion of recommendations to address this growing and significant public health issue of medication non adherence.
Krise des Sonntags als Krise des Lebens
Creators: name: Heinz, Hanspeter
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 23 Nr. 1 (1994): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 23, Heft 1
Area terms in entanglement entropy
Creators: name: Casini, Horacio
name: Mazzitelli, F. D.
name: Testé, Eduardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss area terms in entanglement entropy and show that a recent formula by Rosenhaus and Smolkin is equivalent to the term involving a correlator of traces of the stress tensor in Adler-Zee formula for the renormalization of the Newton constant. We elaborate on how to fix the ambiguities in these formulas: Improving terms for the stress tensor of free fields, boundary terms in the modular Hamiltonian, and contact terms in the Euclidean correlation functions. We make computations for free fields and show how to apply these calculations to understand some results for interacting theories which have been studied in the literature. We also discuss an application to the F-theorem.
description: 26 pages, no figures, references added
Y ALLA QUIEN ERES?: IMPACT OF MIGRATION AND PLACE ON THE RACIAL IDENTIFICATION OF PUERTO RICANS
Creators: name: Rosa-Lebron, Rocio
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2021

description: When Latinos migrate to the United States, they bring with them the Latin American concept of race and racial identity, one that operates more on a continuum as opposed to the US binary of black and white. The dissonance between the Latin American and US racial systems often leads Latinos to identify as “other” in the census. Place, specifically origin and destination, also plays an important role in influencing the racial identification of Latinos. This paper examines the issue of place, migration, and racial identification among a specific group of Latinos: Puerto Ricans. Due to the status of Puerto Rico as a Commonwealth, it is uniquely positioned between the US and Latin American racial systems. Using data from the American Community Survey, I find that destination has an effect on the likelihood that Puerto Rican migrants will identify as “other,” but only when they move to and within the US.
Messianisches Sabbatjahr und sozialer Auftrag der Kirche
Creators: name: Galṽao, Henrique Noronha De
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 23 Nr. 1 (1994): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 23, Heft 1
Stretched String with Self-Interaction at High Resolution: Spatial Sizes and Saturation
Creators: name: Qian, Yachao
name: Zahed, Ismail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We model the (holographic) QCD Pomeron as a long and stretched (fixed impact parameter) transverse quantum string in flat $D_\perp=3$ dimensions. After discretizing the string in $N$ string bits, we analyze its length, mass and spatial distribution for large $N$ or low-x ($x=1/N$), and away from its Hagedorn point. The string bit distribution shows sizable asymmetries in the transverse plane that may translate to azimuthal asymmetries in primordial particle production in the Pomeron kinematics, and the flow moments in minimum bias $pp$ and $pA$ events. At moderately low-x and relatively small string self-interactions $g_s\approx α_s$ (the gauge coupling), a pre-saturation phase is identified whereby the string transverse area undergoes a sharp transition from a large diffusive growth to a small fixed size area set by few string lengths $l_s$. For lower values of $x$ the transverse string bit density is shown to increase as $1/x$ before saturating at the Bekenstein bound of one bit per Planck area with the Planck length $l_P/l_s\approx α_s^{2/3}$. We argue that the effects of the AdS$_5$ curvature on the interacting string maybe estimated using an effective transverse dimension between the interacting string bits. The result is a smoother transition with a transverse string bit density increasing as $1/x^{0.31}$.
description: 25 pages, 28 figures
Styles 2021, Multilingual Singapore: What do household language mixes look like in the preschool years
Creators: name: Styles, Suzy J
Publisher: name: OSF
Year: 2023
Subjects: Bilingualism
Code mixing
Language Acquisition
Language Development
Language Planning
Language skills
Multilingualism
Singapore
Translanguaging

description: This talk was presented at the CogSci Singapore Local Meetup, held in conjunction with the CogSci Conference, July 2021.
Pathways: a culturally appropriate obesity-prevention program for American Indian schoolchildren
Creators: name: Altaha, Jackie
name: Snyder, Patricia
name: Smyth, Mary
name: Teufel, Nicolette I.
name: Helitzer, Deborah L.
name: Brice, Richard
name: Going, Scott B.
name: Metcalfe, Lauve
name: Evans, Marguerite
name: Davis, Sally M.
name: Arviso, Vivian
name: Gittelsohn, Joel
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1999

description: Pathways, a culturally appropriate obesity prevention study for third-, fourth-, and fifth-grade American Indian schoolchildren includes an intervention that promotes increased physical activity and healthful eating behaviors. The Pathways intervention, developed through a collaboration of universities and American Indian nations, schools, and families, focuses on individual, behavioral, and environmental factors and merges constructs from social learning theory with American Indian customs and practices. We describe the Pathways program developed during 3 y of feasibility testing in American Indian schools, with special emphasis on the activities developed for the third grade; review the theoretical and cultural underpinnings of the program; outline the construction process of the intervention; detail the curriculum and physical education components of the intervention; and summarize the formative assessment and the school food service and family components of the intervention.
Additional file 1: of Microbial community drivers of PK/NRP gene diversity in selected global soils
Creators: name: Borsetto, Chiara
name: Amos, Gregory
name: Rocha, Ulisses
name: Mitchell, Alex
name: Finn, Robert
name: Rabah Laidi
name: Vallin, Carlos
name: Pearce, David
name: Newsham, Kevin
name: Wellington, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Table S1. Characteristics and GPS coordinates of soils used in this study. Table S2. Primers and conditions used to prepare the amplicon libraries. Table S3. Summary of sequence counts per samples and total observed OTU processed with the custom pipeline. Table S4. Sequence counts for each sample for all targeted amplicon processed with the custom pipeline. Table S5. Correlation between phyla (16S rRNA gene diversity) and either A or KS domain diversity in all samples. Figure S1. Rarefaction curves for 16S rRNA gene, A and KS domains diversity. Figure S2. Alpha diversity indices for 16S rRNA gene and A and KS domains for each soil sample. Table S6. Correlation between Bray Curtis dissimilarity matrixes of each taxonomic level and the original OTU table. Figure S3. Community composition at phylum level of each soil sample. Figure S4. Representation at the Superkingdom level of the taxonomic providence of A and KS domain sequences. Figure S5. Procrustes transformation superimposition of 16S rRNA gene (all phyla or separate) against A domain diversity. Figure S6. Procrustes transformation superimposition of 16S rRNA gene (all phyla or separate) against KS domain diversity. (PDF 3191 kb)
Process evaluation in a multisite, primary obesity-prevention trial in American Indian schoolchildren
Creators: name: Steckler, Allan B.
name: Helitzer, Deborah L.
name: Davis, Sally M.
name: Gittelsohn, Joel
name: Snyder, Patricia
name: Murray, David M.
name: Going, Scott B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1999

description: We describe the development, implementation, and use of the process evaluation component of a multisite, primary obesity prevention trial for American Indian schoolchildren. We describe the development and pilot testing of the instruments, provide some examples of the criteria for instrument selection, and provide examples of how process evaluation results were used to document and refine intervention components. The theoretical and applied framework of the process evaluation was based on diffusion theory, social learning theory, and the desire for triangulation of multiple modes of data collection. The primary objectives of the process evaluation were to systematically document the training process, content, and implementation of 4 components of the intervention. The process evaluation was developed and implemented collaboratively so that it met the needs of both the evaluators and those who would be implementing the intervention components. Process evaluation results revealed that observation and structured interviews provided the most informative data; however, these methods were the most expensive and time consuming and required the highest level of skill to undertake. Although the literature is full of idealism regarding the uses of process evaluation for formative and summative purposes, in reality, many persons are sensitive to having their work evaluated in such an in-depth, context-based manner as is described. For this reason, use of structured, quantitative, highly objective tools may be more effective than qualitative methods, which appear to be more dependent on the skills and biases of the researcher and the context in which they are used.
Dietary fiber intake and retinal vascular caliber in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Creators: name: Heiss, Gerardo
name: Stevens, June
name: Kan, Haidong
name: Rose, Kathryn M
name: London, Stephanie J
name: Klein, Ronald
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Dietary fiber appears to decrease the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Microvascular abnormalities can be observed by retinal examination and contribute to the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases. The impact of dietary fiber on the retinal microvasculature is not known.
Position-Momentum Duality and Fractional Quantum Hall Effect in Chern Insulators
Creators: name: Claassen, Martin
name: Lee, Ching Hua
name: Thomale, Ronny
name: Qi, Xiao-Liang
name: Devereaux, Thomas P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a first quantization description of fractional Chern insulators that is the dual of the conventional fractional quantum Hall (FQH) problem, with the roles of position and momentum interchanged. In this picture, FQH states are described by anisotropic FQH liquids forming in momentum-space Landau levels in a fluctuating magnetic field. The fundamental quantum geometry of the problem emerges from the interplay of single-body and interaction metrics, both of which act as momentum-space duals of the geometrical picture of the anisotropic FQH effect. We then present a novel broad class of ideal Chern insulator lattice models that act as duals of the isotropic FQH effect. The interacting problem is well-captured by Haldane pseudopotentials and affords a detailed microscopic understanding of the interplay of interactions and non-trivial quantum geometry.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures. Accepted version
Am Sabbat ist Gott unter den Menschen
Creators: name: Armogathe, Jean Robert
name: Boulnois, Olivier
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 23 Nr. 1 (1994): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 23, Heft 1
Additional file 1: of Coping with age-related hearing loss: patient-caregiver dyad effects on quality of life
Creators: name: Lazzarotto, Sébastien
name: Martin, Florence
name: Saint-Laurent, Anne
name: Hamidou, Zeinab
name: Aghababian, Valérie
name: Auquier, Pascal
name: Baumstarck, Karine
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Dimensions and items of the French four-factor structure of the Brief COPE inventory. (DOCX 30 kb)
Illuminating Dark Photons with High-Energy Colliders
Creators: name: Curtin, David
name: Essig, Rouven
name: Gori, Stefania
name: Shelton, Jessie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-energy colliders offer a unique sensitivity to dark photons, the mediators of a broken dark U(1) gauge theory that kinetically mixes with the Standard Model (SM) hypercharge. Dark photons can be detected in the exotic decay of the 125 GeV Higgs boson, h -> Z Z_D -> 4l, and in Drell-Yan events, pp -> Z_D -> ll. If the dark U(1) is broken by a hidden-sector Higgs mechanism, then mixing between the dark and SM Higgs bosons also allows the exotic decay h -> Z_D Z_D -> 4l. We show that the 14 TeV LHC and a 100 TeV proton-proton collider provide powerful probes of both exotic Higgs decay channels. In the case of kinetic mixing alone, direct Drell-Yan production offers the best sensitivity to Z_D, and can probe epsilon >~ 9 x 10^(-4) (4 x 10^(-4)) at the HL-LHC (100 TeV pp collider). The exotic Higgs decay h -> Z Z_D offers slightly weaker sensitivity, but both measurements are necessary to distinguish the kinetically mixed dark photon from other scenarios. If Higgs mixing is also present, then the decay h -> Z_D Z_D can allow sensitivity to the Z_D for epsilon >~ 10^(-9) - 10^(-6) (10^(-10) - 10^(-7)) for the mass range 2 m_mu < m_(Z_D) < m_h/2 by searching for displaced dark photon decays. We also compare the Z_D sensitivity at pp colliders to the indirect, but model-independent, sensitivity of global fits to electroweak precision observables. We perform a global electroweak fit of the dark photon model, substantially updating previous work in the literature. Electroweak precision measurements at LEP, Tevatron, and the LHC exclude epsilon as low as 3 x 10^(-2). Sensitivity can be improved by up to a factor of ~2 with HL-LHC data, and an additional factor of ~4 with ILC/GigaZ data.
description: 36 pages + references, 14 figures, 3 tables. Fixed typos, added references
Fragmentation of fractal random structures
Creators: name: Elçi, Eren Metin
name: Weigel, Martin
name: Fytas, Nikolaos G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the fragmentation behavior of random clusters on the lattice under a process where bonds between neighboring sites are successively broken. Modeling such structures by configurations of a generalized Potts or random-cluster model allows us to discuss a wide range of systems with fractal properties including trees as well as dense clusters. We present exact results for the densities of fragmenting edges and the distribution of fragment sizes for critical clusters in two dimensions. Dynamical fragmentation with a size cutoff leads to broad distributions of fragment sizes. The resulting power laws are shown to encode characteristic fingerprints of the fragmented objects.
description: Thoroughly revised version. Final version published in Physical Review Letters
Rectified Factor Networks
Creators: name: Clevert, Djork-Arné
name: Mayr, Andreas
name: Unterthiner, Thomas
name: Hochreiter, Sepp
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose rectified factor networks (RFNs) to efficiently construct very sparse, non-linear, high-dimensional representations of the input. RFN models identify rare and small events in the input, have a low interference between code units, have a small reconstruction error, and explain the data covariance structure. RFN learning is a generalized alternating minimization algorithm derived from the posterior regularization method which enforces non-negative and normalized posterior means. We proof convergence and correctness of the RFN learning algorithm. On benchmarks, RFNs are compared to other unsupervised methods like autoencoders, RBMs, factor analysis, ICA, and PCA. In contrast to previous sparse coding methods, RFNs yield sparser codes, capture the data's covariance structure more precisely, and have a significantly smaller reconstruction error. We test RFNs as pretraining technique for deep networks on different vision datasets, where RFNs were superior to RBMs and autoencoders. On gene expression data from two pharmaceutical drug discovery studies, RFNs detected small and rare gene modules that revealed highly relevant new biological insights which were so far missed by other unsupervised methods.
description: 9 pages + 49 pages supplement
Nonnutritive sweetener consumption in humans: effects on appetite and food intake and their putative mechanisms
Creators: name: Popkin, Barry M.
name: Mattes, Richard D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Nonnutritive sweeteners (NNS) are ecologically novel chemosensory signaling compounds that influence ingestive processes and behavior. Only about 15% of the US population aged >2 y ingest NNS, but the incidence is increasing. These sweeteners have the potential to moderate sugar and energy intakes while maintaining diet palatability, but their use has increased in concert with BMI in the population. This association may be coincidental or causal, and either mode of directionality is plausible. A critical review of the literature suggests that the addition of NNS to non-energy-yielding products may heighten appetite, but this is not observed under the more common condition in which NNS is ingested in conjunction with other energy sources. Substitution of NNS for a nutritive sweetener generally elicits incomplete energy compensation, but evidence of long-term efficacy for weight management is not available. The addition of NNS to diets poses no benefit for weight loss or reduced weight gain without energy restriction. There are long-standing and recent concerns that inclusion of NNS in the diet promotes energy intake and contributes to obesity. Most of the purported mechanisms by which this occurs are not supported by the available evidence, although some warrant further consideration. Resolution of this important issue will require long-term randomized controlled trials.
Additional file 4: of A genome-wide association study reveals specific transferases as candidate loci for bovine milk oligosaccharides synthesis
Creators: name: Poulsen, Nina
name: Robinson, Randall
name: Barile, Daniela
name: Larsen, Lotte
name: Buitenhuis, Bart
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Figure S4. QQ-plots of P-values for milk oligosaccharides in Danish Jersey. (PDF 734 kb)
Storage of hyperentanglement in a solid-state quantum memory
Creators: name: Tiranov, Alexey
name: Lavoie, Jonathan
name: Ferrier, Alban
name: Goldner, Philippe
name: Verma, Varun B.
name: Nam, Sae Woo
name: Mirin, Richard P.
name: Lita, Adriana E.
name: Marsili, Francesco
name: Herrmann, Harald
name: Silberhorn, Christine
name: Gisin, Nicolas
name: Afzelius, Mikael
name: Bussieres, Felix
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two photons can simultaneously share entanglement between several degrees of freedom such as polarization, energy-time, spatial mode and orbital angular momentum. This resource is known as hyperentanglement, and it has been shown to be an important tool for optical quantum information processing. Here we demonstrate the quantum storage and retrieval of photonic hyperentanglement in a solid-state quantum memory. A pair of photons entangled in polarization and energy-time is generated such that one photon is stored in the quantum memory, while the other photon has a telecommunication wavelength suitable for transmission in optical fibre. We measured violations of a Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) Bell inequality for each degree of freedom, independently of the other one, which proves the successful storage and retrieval of the two bits of entanglement shared by the photons. Our scheme is compatible with long-distance quantum communication in optical fibre, and is in particular suitable for linear-optical entanglement purification for quantum repeaters.
Two-Dimensional Clusters of Colloidal Spheres: Ground States, Excited States, and Structural Rearrangements
Creators: name: Perry, Rebecca W.
name: Holmes-Cerfon, Miranda C.
name: Brenner, Michael P.
name: Manoharan, Vinothan N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study experimentally what is arguably the simplest yet non-trivial colloidal system: two-dimensional clusters of 6 spherical particles bound by depletion interactions. These clusters have multiple, degenerate ground states whose equilibrium distribution is determined by entropic factors, principally the symmetry. We observe the equilibrium rearrangements between ground states as well as all of the low-lying excited states. In contrast to the ground states, the excited states have soft modes and low symmetry, and their occupation probabilities depend on the size of the configuration space reached through internal degrees of freedom, as well as a single "sticky parameter" encapsulating the depth and curvature of the potential. Using a geometrical model that accounts for the entropy of the soft modes and the diffusion rates along them, we accurately reproduce the measured rearrangement rates. The success of this model, which requires no fitting parameters or measurements of the potential, shows that the free-energy landscape of colloidal systems and the dynamics it governs can be understood geometrically.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables
Oblique helicoidal state of the twist-bend nematic doped by chiral azo-compound
Creators: name: Chornous, Vitalii
name: Grozav, Alina
name: Vovk, Mykhailo
name: Bratova, Daria
name: Kasian, Natalia
name: Lisetski, Longin
name: Gvozdovskyy, Igor
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biochemistry
Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cell Biology
Pharmacology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer

description: A novel light-sensitive chiral dopant ChD-3816 (an azo-compound containing 4-hexanoyloxyphenyl and 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexylbenzoate moieties) was used for inducing helical twisting in Ntb-forming mixtures of CB7CB/CB6OCB with 5CB added to decrease the phase transition temperatures. The effects of ChD-3816 upon phase transition temperatures, as well as effects of its concentration on the measured values of helical twisting, were determined. Most of the measured parameters could be varied due to light-induced trans-cis isomerisation of ChD-3816. Under electric field, selective reflection spectra in the visible range were obtained for the emerging oblique helicoidal cholesteric structures (ChOH), with the wavelengths controllable both by electric field and appropriate UV irradiation. Possible applications for dynamic formation of contrast images are discussed.
Population differences in associations between C-reactive protein concentration and adiposity: comparison of young adults in the Philippines and the United States
Creators: name: Rutherford, Julienne N.
name: Adair, Linda
name: McDade, Thomas W.
name: Kuzawa, Christopher
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Background: Inflammation may be an important mediator of the association between nutrition and cardiovascular diseases, but most studies have been conducted in Western populations with high rates of overweight and obesity and low levels of infectious disease.
The influence of core fluorination on the phase behaviour of rod-like mesogens
Creators: name: Aldahri, Tahani H.
name: Alaasar, Mohamed
name: Ahmed, Hoda A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: The effect of core fluorination on the mesomorphic properties of rod-like Schiff base-derived liquid crystalline materials was reported. For this purpose, two new series of laterally fluorinated Schiff base liquid crystals are synthesised and investigated in detail. The two series differ from each other’s in the length of the terminal alkoxy chain attached to one end of the aromatic core, where in the first series an octyloxy chain is used and in the second series it is replaced by a longer dodecyloxy chain. At the other end in both series of compounds, in addition to the nonsubstituted end (X = H) four different substituents were used (X = CH3O, C6H13O, CH3 and F). The molecular structures of all synthesised compounds were confirmed using different spectroscopic techniques. The molecular self-assembly was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarised optical microscope (POM). Depending on the length of terminal alkoxy chain at one end and nature of the substituent X at the other end, different types of mesophases were observed, including nematic and two different types of smectic phases.
New density functional approach for solid-liquid-vapor transitions in pure materials
Creators: name: Kocher, Gabriel
name: Provatas, Nikolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new phase field crystal (PFC) type theory is presented, which accounts for the full spectrum of solid-liquid-vapor phase transitions within the framework of a single density order parameter. Its equilibrium properties show the most quantitative features to date in PFC modelling of pure substances, and full consistency with thermodynamics in pressure-volume-temperature space is demonstrated. A method to control either the volume or the pressure of the system is also introduced. Non-equilibrium simulations show that 2 and 3-phase growth of solid, vapor and liquid can be achieved, while our formalism also allows for a full range of pressure-induced transformations. This model opens up a new window for the study of pressure driven interactions of condensed phases with vapor, an experimentally relevant paradigm previously missing from phase field crystal theories.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, peer reviewed version
Quantum optical technologies for metrology, sensing and imaging
Creators: name: Dowling, Jonathan P.
name: Seshadreesan, Kaushik P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Over the past 20 years, bright sources of entangled photons have led to a renaissance in quantum optical interferometry. Optical interferometry has been used to test the foundations of quantum mechanics and implement some of the novel ideas associated with quantum entanglement such as quantum teleportation, quantum cryptography, quantum lithography, quantum computing logic gates, and quantum metrology. In this paper, we focus on the new ways that have been developed to exploit quantum optical entanglement in quantum metrology to beat the shot-noise limit, which can be used, e.g., in fiber optical gyroscopes and in sensors for biological or chemical targets. We also discuss how this entanglement can be used to beat the Rayleigh diffraction limit in imaging systems such as in LIDAR and optical lithography.
description: Published online in the Jounal of Lightwave Technology. To appear in the IEEE/OSA Special Issue on the 23rd International Conference on OPTICAL FIBER SENSORS (OFS23)
Cooperative Strings and Glassy Interfaces
Creators: name: Salez, Thomas
name: Salez, Justin
name: Dalnoki-Veress, Kari
name: Raphaël, Elie
name: Forrest, James A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a minimal theory of glass formation based on the ideas of molecular crowding and resultant string-like cooperative rearrangement, and address the effects of free interfaces. In the bulk case, we obtain a scaling expression for the number of particles taking part in cooperative strings, and we recover the Adam-Gibbs description of glassy dynamics. Then, by including thermal dilatation, the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann relation is derived. Moreover, the random and string-like characters of the cooperative rearrangement allow us to predict a temperature-dependent expression for the cooperative length $ξ$ of bulk relaxation. Finally, we explore the influence of sample boundaries when the system size becomes comparable to $ξ$. The theory is in agreement with measurements of the glass-transition temperature of thin polymer films, and allows to quantify the temperature-dependent thickness $h_{\textrm{m}}$ of the interfacial mobile layer.
Additional file 2: of Predictors of traumatic birth experience among a group of Iranian primipara women: a cross sectional study
Creators: name: Ghanbari-Homayi, Solmaz
name: Fardiazar, Zahra
name: Meedya, Shahla
name: Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi, Sakineh
name: Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mohammad
name: Eesa Mohammadi
name: Mirghafourvand, Mojgan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: A) Socio-demographic checklist: B) Pregnancy checklist. C) Labour and birth checklist. (DOCX 19 kb)
Topological Acoustics
Creators: name: Yang, Zhaoju
name: Gao, Fei
name: Shi, Xihang
name: Lin, Xiao
name: Gao, Zhen
name: Chong, Yidong
name: Zhang, Baile
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The manipulation of acoustic wave propagation in fluids has numerous applications, including some in everyday life. Acoustic technologies frequently develop in tandem with optics, using shared concepts such as waveguiding and metamedia. It is thus noteworthy that an entirely novel class of electromagnetic waves, known as topological edge states, has recently been demonstrated. These are inspired by the electronic edge states occurring in topological insulators, and possess a striking and technologically promising property: the ability to travel in a single direction along a surface without backscattering, regardless of the existence of defects or disorder. Here, we develop an analogous theory of topological fluid acoustics, and propose a scheme for realizing topological edge states in an acoustic structure containing circulating fluids. The phenomenon of disorder-free one-way sound propagation, which does not occur in ordinary acoustic devices, may have novel applications for acoustic isolators, modulators, and transducers.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Nonparametric test of consistency between cosmological models and multiband CMB measurements
Creators: name: Aghamousa, Amir
name: Shafieloo, Arman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a novel approach to test the consistency of the cosmological models with multiband CMB data using a nonparametric approach. In our analysis we calibrate the REACT (Risk Estimation and Adaptation after Coordinate Transformation) confidence levels associated with distances in function space (\textit{confidence distances}) based on the Monte Carlo simulations in order to test the consistency of an assumed cosmological model with observation. To show the applicability of our algorithm, we confront Planck 2013 temperature data with concordance model of cosmology considering two different Planck spectra combination. In order to have an accurate quantitative statistical measure to compare between the data and the theoretical expectations, we calibrate REACT confidence distances and perform a bias control using many realizations of the data. Our results in this work using Planck 2013 temperature data put the best fit $Λ$CDM model at $95\% (\sim 2σ)$ confidence distance from the center of the nonparametric confidence set while repeating the analysis excluding the Planck $217 \times 217$ GHz spectrum data, the best fit $Λ$CDM model shifts to $70\% (\sim 1σ)$ confidence distance. The most prominent features in the data deviating from the best fit $Λ$CDM model seems to be at low multipoles $ 18 < \ell < 26$ at greater than $2σ$, $\ell \sim 750$ at $\sim1$ to $2 σ$ and $\ell \sim 1800$ at greater than $2σ$ level. Excluding the $217\times217$ GHz spectrum the feature at $\ell \sim 1800$ becomes substantially less significance at $\sim1$ to $2 σ$ confidence level. Results of our analysis based on the new approach we propose in this work are in agreement with other analysis done using alternative methods.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, discussions extended, results unchanged, matches the final version published in JCAP
Zero modes method and form factors in quantum integrable models
Creators: name: Pakuliak, S.
name: Ragoucy, E.
name: Slavnov, N. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study integrable models solvable by the nested algebraic Bethe ansatz and possessing $GL(3)$-invariant $R$-matrix. Assuming that the monodromy matrix of the model can be expanded into series with respect to the inverse spectral parameter, we define zero modes of the monodromy matrix entries as the first nontrivial coefficients of this series. Using these zero modes we establish new relations between form factors of the elements of the monodromy matrix. We prove that all of them can be obtained from the form factor of a diagonal matrix element in special limits of Bethe parameters. As a result we obtain determinant representations for form factors of all the entries of the monodromy matrix.
description: 24 pages; some misprints corrected
THE ROLE OF NONCANONICAL AUTOPHAGY IN PERIODONTAL DISEASE PATHOGENESIS
Creators: name: Wong, Sing-Wai
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2021

description: Periodontal disease is a multifactorial disease that is associated with local infection and chronic inflammation in the tooth supporting tissues. In addition to the local etiologic factor, oral biofilm, host susceptibility also contributes to the disease pathogenesis and severity. Susceptible individuals may present with exaggerated inflammatory reactions in the periodontium, leading to alveolar bone resorption and eventually to loss of teeth. My dissertation research focuses on investigating the molecular mechanisms that underlie host susceptibility to periodontal disease.Originated from the Greek for “self-eating”, autophagy is a lysosome-mediated catabolic system that facilities the digestion of intracellular components to generate nutrients, which substantiate cell survival in the adverse environment. Emerging evidence has indicated that autophagy proteins can function beyond bulk degradation called non-canonical autophagy, which could regulate inflammation both in vivo and in vitro. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified genetic variations in multiple non-canonical autophagy genes that may be linked to periodontal disease. However, the role of non-canonical autophagy in periodontal disease pathogenesis remains unknown.In Chapter 1, we introduce the background of non-canonical autophagy (LC3-associated phagocytosis, LAP) and periodontal disease. In Chapter 2, we investigate the role of Rubicon, a key LAP protein in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Our results demonstrate that LAP could be activated by different periodontal pathogens in vitro. The absence of Rubicon results in accelerated periodontal disease progression and bone loss in vivo, suggesting that LAP may have a protective role in periodontal inflammation. Intrinsically, young Rubicon deficient mice exhibited normal skeletal phenotype and this deficiency does not interfere with osteoclast differentiation. In the last chapter, we discuss the significance of our findings and future research directions.Taken together, my research results add knowledge to our current understanding of the etiologies of periodontal diseases –non-canonical autophagy may be involved in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease, and the alterations of its function might contribute to periodontal disease susceptibility and severity.
Decoupling the Relation Between Risk Factors for Conduct Problems and the Receipt of Intervention Services: Participation Across Multiple Components of a Prevention Program
Creators: name: Lochman, John E.
name: Dodge, Kenneth A.
name: Maples, Jerry J.
name: Greenberg, Mark T.
name: Coie, John D.
name: Bierman, Karen L.
name: Nix, Robert L.
name: Foster, E. Michael
name: McMahon, Robert J.
name: Pinderhughes, Ellen E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: This study examined whether the link between risk factors for conduct problems and low rates of participation in mental health treatment could be decoupled through the provision of integrated prevention services in multiple easily-accessible contexts. It included 445 families of first-grade children (55% minority), living in four diverse communities, and selected for early signs of conduct problems. Results indicated that, under the right circumstances, these children and families could be enticed to participate at high rates in school-based services, therapeutic groups, and home visits. Because different sets of risk factors were related to different profiles of participation across the components of the prevention program, findings highlight the need to offer services in multiple contexts to reach all children and families who might benefit from them.