cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
MIGNEX Case Study Brief CPV2 - Migration and development dynamics in Boa Vista, Cabo Verde
Creators: name: Carling, Jørgen
name: Hannah, Murray
Publisher: name: Peace Research Institute Oslo
Year: 2022

description: International mobility has long sustained development in Boa Vista. For decades, the island relied heavily on migrant remittances. More recently, tourism has generated jobs and spurred in-migration. The economy has grown, but the development benefits are uneven.

Key Takeaways

Virtually all surveyed young adults have family or friends abroad and almost half receive remittances.

Inflows of migration are high. Almost two-thirds of young adults (60%) grew up elsewhere in Cabo Verde; and the remainder (6%) abroad.

People are aware of the benefits of past migration. More than half (54%) of young adults in Boa Vista would prefer to leave Cabo Verde in the next five years.
Three-Year Change in the Wellbeing of Orphaned and Separated Children in Institutional and Family-Based Care Settings in Five Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Creators: name: Whetten, Rachel A.
name: Messer, Lynne C.
name: Itemba, Dafrosa
name: Madan, Ira
name: Thielman, Nathan M.
name: Ariely, Sumedha
name: Vann, Vanroth
name: O'Donnell, Karen
name: Eticha, Misganaw
name: Whetten, Kathryn
name: Ostermann, Jan
name: Pence, Brian W.
name: Wasonga, Augustine I.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: BackgroundWith more than 2 million children living in group homes, or “institutions”, worldwide, the extent to which institution-based caregiving negatively affects development and wellbeing is a central question for international policymakers.MethodsA two-stage random sampling methodology identified community representative samples of 1,357 institution-dwelling orphaned and separated children (OSC) and 1,480 family-dwelling OSC aged 6–12 from 5 low and middle income countries. Data were collected from children and their primary caregivers. Survey-analytic techniques and linear mixed effects models describe child wellbeing collected at baseline and at 36 months, including physical and emotional health, growth, cognitive development and memory, and the variation in outcomes between children, care settings, and study sites.FindingsAt 36-month follow-up, institution-dwelling OSC had statistically significantly higher height-for-age Z-scores and better caregiver-reported physical health; family-dwelling OSC had fewer caregiver-reported emotional difficulties. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups on other measures. At both baseline and follow-up, the magnitude of the differences between the institution- and family-dwelling groups was small. Relatively little variation in outcomes was attributable to differences between sites (11–27% of total variation) or care settings within sites (8–14%), with most variation attributable to differences between children within settings (60–75%). The percent of variation in outcomes attributable to the care setting type, institution- versus family-based care, ranged from 0–4% at baseline, 0–3% at 36-month follow-up, and 0–4% for changes between baseline and 36 months.InterpretationThese findings contradict the hypothesis that group home placement universally adversely affects child wellbeing. Without substantial improvements in and support for family settings, the removal of institutions, broadly defined, would not significantly improve child wellbeing and could worsen outcomes of children who are moved from a setting where they are doing relatively well to a more deprived setting.
Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3 Knockout Mice Exhibit Enhanced Energy Expenditure through Thermogenesis
Creators: name: Maeda, Nobuyo
name: Oike, Yuichi
name: Yamamoto, Eiichiro
name: Ohishi, Mitsuru
name: Hanaoka, Yohsuke
name: Yasuda, Osamu
name: Rakugi, Hiromi
name: Kim-Mitsuyama, Shokei
name: Ogawa, Hisao
name: Soejima, Hirofumi
name: Izumiya, Yasuhiro
name: Miyata, Keishi
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) regulate matrix metalloproteinase activity and maintain extracellular matrix homeostasis. Although TIMP-3 has multiple functions (e.g., apoptosis, inhibition of VEGF binding to VEGF receptor, and inhibition of TNFα converting enzyme), its roles in thermogenesis and metabolism, which influence energy expenditure and can lead to the development of metabolic disorders when dysregulated, are poorly understood. This study aimed to determine whether TIMP-3 is implicated in metabolism by analyzing TIMP-3 knockout (KO) mice. TIMP-3 KO mice had higher body temperature, oxygen consumption, and carbon dioxide production than wild-type (WT) mice, although there were no differences in food intake and locomotor activity. These results suggest that metabolism is enhanced in TIMP-3 KO mice. Real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression of PPAR-δ, UCP-2, NRF-1 and NRF-2 in soleus muscle, and PGC-1α and UCP-2 in gastrocnemius muscle, was higher in TIMP-3 KO mice than in WT mice, suggesting that TIMP-3 deficiency may increase mitochondrial activity. When exposed to cold for 8 hours to induce thermogenesis, TIMP-3 KO mice had a higher body temperature than WT mice. In the treadmill test, oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production were higher in TIMP-3 KO mice both before and after starting exercise, and the difference was more pronounced after starting exercise. Our findings suggest that TIMP-3 KO mice exhibit enhanced metabolism, as reflected by a higher body temperature than WT mice, possibly due to increased mitochondrial activity. Given that TIMP-3 deficiency increases energy expenditure, TIMP-3 may present a novel therapeutic target for preventing metabolic disorders.
Toll-Like Receptor-3 Is Dispensable for the Innate MicroRNA Response to West Nile Virus (WNV)
Creators: name: Chugh, Pauline E.
name: Damania, Blossom A.
name: Dittmer, Dirk P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The innate immune response to West Nile virus (WNV) infection involves recognition through toll-like receptors (TLRs) and RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), leading to establishment of an antiviral state. MiRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to be reliable biomarkers of TLR activation. Here, we sought to evaluate the contribution of TLR3 and miRNAs to the host response to WNV infection. We first analyzed HEK293-NULL and HEK293-TLR3 cells for changes in the innate immune response to infection. The presence of TLR3 did not seem to affect WNV load, infectivity or phosphorylation of IRF3. Analysis of experimentally validated NFκB-responsive genes revealed a WNV-induced signature largely independent of TLR3. Since miRNAs are involved in viral pathogenesis and the innate response to infection, we sought to identify changes in miRNA expression upon infection in the presence or absence of TLR3. MiRNA profiling revealed 70 miRNAs induced following WNV infection in a TLR3-independent manner. Further analysis of predicted gene targets of WNV signature miRNAs revealed genes highly associated with pathways regulating cell death, viral pathogenesis and immune cell trafficking.
MIGNEX Case Study Brief CPV1 - Migration and development dynamics in São Nicolau, Cabo Verde
Creators: name: Carling, Jørgen
name: Hagen-Zanker, Jessica
Publisher: name: Peace Research Institute Oslo
Year: 2022

description: São Nicolau is an island at risk of marginalisation, surpassed by growth in other parts of the country. Emigrants help sustain a decent standard of living for most residents, but the flow of remittances is shrinking.

Key Takeaways

São Nicolau is a tranquil island that residents express affection for, whether they are able to stay or have to seek work elsewhere.

Nearly everyone on São Nicolau has family, relatives or friends abroad and the majority of households receive remittances.

Locals reminisce about the time when emigrants were visiting in greater numbers. Statistics on remittances also suggest that ties with the diaspora are weakening.
Thermal convection enhancement of laminar particle-laden duct flows : A fully resolved numerical investigation
Creators: name: Shu, Qiya
name: Rietz, Manuel
name: Kneer, Reinhold
name: Rohlfs, Wilko
Publisher: name: RWTH Aachen University
Year: 2023

description: 17. International Heat Transfer Conference, IHTC17, Cape Town, South Africa, 14 Aug 2023 - 18 Aug 2023
Translational Analysis of Effects of Prenatal Cocaine Exposure on Human Infant Cries and Rat Pup Ultrasonic Vocalizations
Creators: name: Cox Lippard, Elizabeth T.
name: McMurray, Matthew S.
name: Johns, Josephine M.
name: Grewen, Karen M.
name: Zeskind, Philip Sanford
name: Garber, Kristin A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Spectral and temporal features of human infant crying may detect neurobehavioral effects of prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE). Finding comparable measures of rodent ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) would promote translational analyses by controlling the effects of correlated variables that confound human studies. To this end, two studies examined the sensitivity of similar acoustic structures in human infant and rat pup vocalizations to effects of PCE. In Study 1, cry sounds of 107 one month-old infants were spectrum analyzed to create a novel set of measures and to detect the presence of hyperphonation - a qualitative shift to an atypically high fundamental frequency (basic pitch) associated with neurobehavioral insult. Infants with PCE were compared to infants with prenatal polydrug-exposure (PPE) without cocaine and with infants in a standard comparison (SC) group with no prenatal drug exposure. In Study 2, USVs of 118 five day-old rat pups with either PCE, prenatal saline exposure or no prenatal exposures were spectrum analyzed to detect the presence of frequency shifts – acoustic features that have a frequency waveform similar to that of hyperphonation. Results of study 1 showed PCE had two sets of sex-dependent effects on human infants: PCE males had higher pitched cries with more dysphonation (turbulence); PCE females had longer pauses between fewer cry sounds that were of lower amplitude than comparison groups. PCE and PPE infants had more cries with hyperphonation than SC infants. In study 2, PCE pups had a greater percentage of USVs with shift in the acoustic structure than pups in the two control groups. As such, the novel measures of human infant crying and rat pup USVs were sensitive to effects of PCE. These studies provide the first known translational analysis of similar acoustic structures of vocalizations in two species to detect adverse effects of prenatal drug exposure.
MIGNEX Case Study Brief AFG1 - Migration and development dynamics in Shahrake Jabrael, Afghanistan
Creators: name: Alizada, Najia
name: Hannah, Murray
Publisher: name: Peace Research Institute Oslo
Year: 2022

description: Education and women’s civic engagement were a source of pride in Shahrake Jabrael – an area with limited state and international support. Imminent risk to lives ahead of the fall of Kabul, longstanding discrimination and poverty meant many hoped to leave.

Key Takeaways

This snapshot from August 2021 finds that most young adults surveyed (84%) find it difficult to earn a living and feed a family.

Most residents moved to Shahrake Jabrael after the collapse of the Taliban in 2001. Over half (57%) of young adults are internal migrants.

One-third (43%) of young adults prefer to leave Afghanistan within the next five years.
First Detection of the White-Dwarf Cooling Sequence of the Galactic Bulge
Creators: name: Calamida, A.
name: Sahu, K. C.
name: Anderson, J.
name: Casertano, S.
name: Cassisi, S.
name: Salaris, M.
name: Brown, T.
name: Sokol, J.
name: Bond, H. E.
name: Ferraro, I.
name: Ferguson, H.
name: Livio, M.
name: Valenti, J.
name: Buonanno, R.
name: Clarkson, W.
name: Pietrinferni, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Hubble Space Telescope data of the low-reddening Sagittarius window in the Galactic bulge. The Sagittarius Window Eclipsing Extrasolar Planet Search field (3'x3'), together with three more Advanced Camera for Surveys and eight Wide Field Camera 3 fields, were observed in the F606W and F814W filters, approximately every two weeks for two years, with the principal aim of detecting a hidden population of isolated black holes and neutron stars through astrometric microlensing. Proper motions were measured with an accuracy of ~0.1 mas/yr (~4 km/s) at F606W~25.5 mag, and better than ~0.5 mas/yr (20 km/s) at F606W~28 mag, in both axes. Proper-motion measurements allowed us to separate disk and bulge stars and obtain a clean bulge color-magnitude diagram. We then identified for the first time a white dwarf (WD) cooling sequence in the Galactic bulge, together with a dozen candidate extreme horizontal branch stars. The comparison between theory and observations shows that a substantial fraction of the WDs (30%) are systematically redder than the cooling tracks for CO-core H-rich and He-rich envelope WDs. This evidence would suggest the presence of a significant number of low-mass WDs and WD - main sequence binaries in the bulge. This hypothesis is further supported by the finding of two dwarf novae in outburst, two short-period (P < 1 d) ellipsoidal variables, and a few candidate cataclysmic variables in the same field.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication on ApJ
Treatment Outcomes of AIDS-Associated Kaposi's Sarcoma under a Routine Antiretroviral Therapy Program in Lilongwe, Malawi: Bleomycin/Vincristine Compared to Vincristine Monotherapy
Creators: name: Hosseinipour, Mina C.
name: Werner, Alexandra B.
name: Rosenberg, Nora E.
name: Ng'ambi, Wingston
name: Garneau, William M.
name: Phiri, Sam
name: Gumulira, Joe
name: Mwafongo, Albert A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Despite Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) being the most prevalent AIDS-associated cancer in resource limited settings, optimal treatment options remain unknown. We assessed whether bleomycin/vincristine compared to vincristine monotherapy was associated with improved treatment outcomes for AIDS-associated KS among patients initiating combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in Malawi.
Large Chern Number Topological Superfluids in Coupled Layer System
Creators: name: Huang, Beibing
name: Chan, Jeffrey Chun Fai
name: Gong, Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the topological phase transition with large Chern number in a coupled layer system. The topological transitions between different topological superfluids can be realized by controlling the binding energy, interlay tunneling and layer asymmetry {\it etc}. These topological phase transitions can be characterized by energy gap closing and reopening at the critical points at zero momentum, where the Pfaffian and Chern number undergo a discontinuous change. The bulk-edge correspondence ensures that the number of edge modes exactly equals the Chern number. However all these edge modes localized at the same edge have the same chirality and propagate along the same direction. These topological phases can be detected by spin texture at or near zero momentum, which changes discontinuously across the phase transition point due to band inversion. This model can be easily generalized to multilayer system in which the Chern number equals any positive integer --- similar to that in integer quantum Hall effect --- can be realized. This work paves a new way in the realization of topological superfluids with large Chern number.
description: 4.5 pages, 4 figures. Results in trapped potential are added; A general bulk-edge correspondence has been discussed; Typos are corrected
A stream-based mathematical model for distributed information processing systems - SysLab system model
Creators: name: Klein, Cornel
name: Rumpe, Bernhard
name: Broy, Manfred
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the SysLab project we develop a software engineering method based on a mathematical foundation. The SysLab system model serves as an abstract mathematical model for information systems and their components. It is used to formalize the semantics of all used description techniques such as object diagrams state automata sequence charts or data-flow diagrams. Based on the requirements for such a reference model, we define the system model including its different views and their relationships.
description: 16 pages, 2 figures
MIGNEX Case Study Brief AFG2 - Migration and development dynamics in Behsud, Afghanistan
Creators: name: Akakhil, Tahmina
name: Hassanzai, Jawid
name: Hannah, Murray
Publisher: name: Peace Research Institute Oslo
Year: 2022

description: Behsud is a peri-urban area shaped by international mobility. Increased return migration led to major expansion. Deteriorating security and high unemployment rates mean international migration was a critical lifeline.

Key Takeaways

This snapshot from August 2021 found that most surveyed young adults (91%) consider it difficult to earn a living and feed a family.

Nearly one-third (30%) of young adults have seriously considered migrating internationally in the past year.

Due to few regular routes, irregular migration is high. Most young adults (83%) know someone who has been deported – or have themselves been deported.
М.НЫЗАНОВТЫҢ «ДУШПАН» РОМАНЫНДА СИМВОЛИКО-МEТАФОРАЛЫҚ ОБРАЗЛАР
Creators: name: Мадиярова, Қундыз
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Мақалада  М.Нызановтың «Душпан» романының сюжетлик өзгешелиги ҳəм қахарман образ мəселеси, символико-мeтафоралық образлар систeмасы сөз етиледи.
title: Croatia Report. Sustainable Governance Indicators 2022
Creators: name: Kotarski, Kristijan
name: Petak, Zdravko
name: Bartlett, William
name: Brusis, Martin
Publisher: name: Bertelsmann Stiftung
Year: 2022
Subjects: Governance
Democracy
Regierungshandeln
Demokratie

description: Over the course of 2021, Croatia stayed economically and politically stable. The economy staged a swift recovery due to a combination of several factors, particularly the reliance on extensive furlough schemes that had been rolled out in 2020, the policy credibility furnished by the pending euro adoption in 2023, and mild epidemiological restrictions adopted in 2021 that were in turn very conducive to a successful tourist season of 2021.
Ultra-Fast Fluorescence Imaging in Vivo with Conjugated Polymer Fluorophores in the Second Near-Infrared Window
Creators: name: Hong, Guosong
name: Zou, Yingping
name: Antaris, Alexander L.
name: Diao, Shuo
name: Wu, Di
name: Cheng, Kai
name: Zhang, Xiaodong
name: Chen, Changxin
name: Liu, Bo
name: He, Yuehui
name: Wu, Justin Z.
name: Yuan, Jun
name: Zhang, Bo
name: Tao, Zhimin
name: Fukunaga, Chihiro
name: Dai, Hongjie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In vivo fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared window (1.0-1.7 microns) can afford deep tissue penetration and high spatial resolution, owing to the reduced scattering of long-wavelength photons. Here, we synthesize a series of low-bandgap donor/acceptor copolymers with tunable emission wavelengths of 1050-1350 nm in this window. Non-covalent functionalization with phospholipid-polyethylene glycol results in water-soluble and biocompatible polymeric nanoparticles, allowing for live cell molecular imaging at > 1000 nm with polymer fluorophores for the first time. Importantly, the high quantum yield of the polymer allows for in vivo, deep-tissue and ultrafast imaging of mouse arterial blood flow with an unprecedented frame rate of > 25 frames per second. The high time resolution results in spatially and time resolved imaging of the blood flow pattern in cardiogram waveform over a single cardiac cycle (~ 200 ms) of a mouse, which has not been observed with fluorescence imaging in this window before.
description: 43 pages, 5 main text figures and 13 supplementary figures, Published in Nature Communications, 2014
Pertemuan 2 Manajemen Keuangan Sektor Publik 28 September 2022
Creators: name: Dr. Rusdiyanto, SE,. M. Ak,. CH,. CHt
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Manajemen, keuangan, Sektor Publik, 28, September 2022

description: Capaian Pembelajaran (CPMK) Mahasiswa mampu menjelaskan definisi manajemen keuangan sektor publik dan masalah keuangan dalam organisasi publik dan manajemen keuangan sektor publik Definisi Manajemen Sektor Publik :Sistem untuk menghasilkan dan mengendalikan sumber daya keuangan publik untuk pelayanan publik yang efektif dan efisien.
Ultrasound Molecular Imaging of Secreted Frizzled Related Protein-2 Expression in Murine Angiosarcoma
Creators: name: Tsuruta, James K.
name: Patterson, Cam
name: Samples, Jennifer
name: Mumper, Russell J.
name: Ketelsen, David
name: Dayton, Paul
name: Streeter, Jason
name: Klauber-DeMore, Nancy
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Angiosarcoma is a biologically aggressive vascular malignancy with a high metastatic potential. In the era of targeted medicine, knowledge of specific molecular tumor characteristics has become more important. Molecular imaging using targeted ultrasound contrast agents can monitor tumor progression non-invasively. Secreted frizzled related protein 2 (SFRP2) is a tumor endothelial marker expressed in angiosarcoma. We hypothesize that SFRP2-directed imaging could be a novel approach to imaging the tumor vasculature. To develop an SFRP2 contrast agent, SFRP2 polyclonal antibody was biotinylated and incubated with streptavidin-coated microbubbles. SVR angiosarcoma cells were injected into nude mice, and when tumors were established the mice were injected intravenously with the SFRP2 -targeted contrast agent, or a control streptavidin-coated contrast agent. SFRP2 -targeted contrast agent detected tumor vasculature with significantly more signal intensity than control contrast agent: the normalized fold-change was 1.6±0.27 (n = 13, p = 0.0032). The kidney was largely devoid of echogenicity with no significant difference between the control contrast agent and the SFRP2-targeted contrast agent demonstrating that the SFRP2-targeted contrast agent was specific to tumor vessels. Plotting average pixel intensity obtained from SFRP2-targeted contrast agent against tumor volume showed that the average pixel intensity increased as tumor volume increased. In conclusion, molecularly-targeted imaging of SFRP2 visualizes angiosarcoma vessels, but not normal vessels, and intensity increases with tumor size. Molecular imaging of SFRP2 expression may provide a rapid, non-invasive method to monitor tumor regression during therapy for angiosarcoma and other SFRP2 expressing cancers, and contribute to our understanding of the biology of SFRP2 during tumor development and progression.
Hyper: Hybrid Photometry and Extraction Routine
Creators: name: Traficante, A.
name: Fuller, G. A.
name: Pineda, J. E.
name: Pezzuto, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new Hybrid Photometry and Extraction Routine: Hyper. It is designed to do compact source photometry allowing for varying spatial resolution and sensitivity in multi-wavelength surveys. Hyper combines multi-Gaussian fitting with aperture photometry to provide reliable photometry in regions with variable backgrounds and in crowded fields. The background is evaluated and removed locally for each source using polynomial fits of various orders. Source de-blending is done through simultaneous multi-Gaussian fitting of the main source and its companion(s), followed by the subtraction of the companion(s). Hyper allows also simultaneous multi-wavelength photometry by setting a fixed aperture size independent of the map resolution and evaluating the source flux within the same region of the sky at multiple wavelengths at the same time. This new code has been initially designed for precise aperture photometry in complex fields such as the Galactic plane observed in the far infrared (FIR) by the Herschel infrared survey of the Galactic plane (Hi-GAL). Hyper has been tested on both simulated and real Herschel fields to quantify the quality of the source identification and photometry. The code is highly modular and fully parameterisable, therefore it can be easily adapted to different experiments. Comparison of the Hyper photometry with the catalogued sources in the Bolocam Galactic Plane survey (BGPS), the 1.1 mm survey of the Galactic Plane carried out with the Caltech Sub-millimeter observatory, demonstrates the versatility of Hyper on different datasets. It is fast and light in its memory usage, and it is freely available to the scientific community.
description: 23 pages, 21 figures, 9 tables. Accepted for publication in A&A
Uptake of Community-Based HIV Testing during a Multi-Disease Health Campaign in Rural Uganda
Creators: name: Clark, Tamara D.
name: Chamie, Gabriel
name: Charlebois, Edwin D.
name: Kamya, Moses R.
name: Petersen, Maya L.
name: Geng, Elvin
name: Kwarisiima, Dalsone
name: Balzer, Laura B.
name: Jain, Vivek
name: Thirumurthy, Harsha
name: Kabami, Jane
name: Havlir, Diane V.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: BackgroundThe high burden of undiagnosed HIV in sub-Saharan Africa is a major obstacle for HIV prevention and treatment. Multi-disease, community health campaigns (CHCs) offering HIV testing are a successful approach to rapidly increase HIV testing rates and identify undiagnosed HIV. However, a greater understanding of population-level uptake is needed to maximize effectiveness of this approach.MethodsAfter community sensitization and a census, a five-day campaign was performed in May 2012 in a rural Ugandan community. The census enumerated all residents, capturing demographics, household location, and fingerprint biometrics. The CHC included point-of-care screening for HIV, malaria, TB, hypertension and diabetes. Residents who attended vs. did not attend the CHC were compared to determine predictors of participation.ResultsOver 12 days, 18 census workers enumerated 6,343 residents. 501 additional residents were identified at the campaign, for a total community population of 6,844. 4,323 (63%) residents and 556 non-residents attended the campaign. HIV tests were performed in 4,795/4,879 (98.3%) participants; 1,836 (38%) reported no prior HIV testing. Of 2674 adults tested, 257 (10%) were HIV-infected; 125/257 (49%) reported newly diagnosed HIV. In unadjusted analyses, adult resident campaign non-participation was associated with male sex (62% male vs. 67% female participation, p = 0.003), younger median age (27 years in non-participants vs. 32 in participants; p<0.001), and marital status (48% single vs. 71% married/widowed/divorced participation; p<0.001). In multivariate analysis, single adults were significantly less likely to attend the campaign than non-single adults (relative risk [RR]: 0.63 [95% CI: 0.53–0.74]; p<0.001), and adults at home vs. not home during census activities were significantly more likely to attend the campaign (RR: 1.20 [95% CI: 1.13–1.28]; p<0.001).ConclusionsCHCs provide a rapid approach to testing a majority of residents for HIV in rural African settings. However, complementary strategies are still needed to engage young, single adults and achieve universal testing.
CLIMATE FRIENDLY ENERGY IN BANGLADESH
Creators: name: Hossain, Md Sazzad
name: Ali, Shamsher
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 400803
subject: Electrical energy generation (incl. renewables, excl. photovoltaics)
classificationCode: 370201
subject: Climate change processes
classificationCode: 350201
subject: Environment and climate finance
classificationCode: 480202
subject: Climate change law

description: Energy, particularly electricity has always been an essential factor in the economic development of a country. Electricity is critical in communication, industrialisation, utility services, transportation, education, food, marketing, shopping, management, etc.Most of the world's energy production is derived from fossil fuels. Global studies including IPCC Reports have found that the excessive dependence on fossil fuel sources has led to global warming, climate change, ecological losses, and damage, impacting all the living beings on earth. Bangladesh is one of the most affected countries by climate change cause by global warming. The government of Bangladesh has set a target of 30% production of renewable energy by 2030, and 40% by 2041.It also aims to significantly reduce its fossil fuel consumption, in line with its domestic and international commitments, such as the Mujib Climate Prosperity Plan, Vision 2041, Kyoto Protocol, Paris Agreement, COPs, etc. The Intent is to ensure net zero target by 2050.The renewable energy generation capacity of Bangladesh is around 4% and as of 2023, Bangladesh's electricity generation capacity is about 26,018 MW (SREDA). On the demand side, the maximum requirement of electricity in the country is about 14,000 MW, especially during the summer. This indicates there is a significant gap between electricity generation and demand, resulting in huge capacity charges. The lack of proper utilisation of plans in the energy sector, particularly for transmission and distribution, is one of the key factors in the gap between capacity and demand.This handbook aims to increase energy literacy among the young population and electricity user communities by highlighting significant information on the energy sector of Bangladesh. The idea is to raise awareness about the potential of renewable energy as well as highlight the threads and challenges posed by fossil-fuel dependency.By adopting renewable energy technologies, we can save money on electricity, reduce global warming by reducing the use of fossil-fuels like diesel and gasoline, improve public health by reducing harmful emissions caused by burning fossil-fuels, create green jobs and more importantly be energy independent.
Venous Thromboembolism after Community-Acquired Bacteraemia: A 20-year Danish Cohort Study
Creators: name: Baron, John A.
name: Schønheyder, Henrik C.
name: Thomsen, Reimar W.
name: Søgaard, Mette
name: Dalager-Pedersen, Michael
name: Nielsen, Henrik
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: BackgroundInfections may increase the risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE), but little is known about VTE risk associated with community-acquired bacteraemia (CAB). We examined the risk for VTE within one year of CAB in comparison to that in matched controls.MethodsWe conducted a population-based cohort study in North Denmark 1992–2011, using data from high-quality health-care databases. We included 4,213 adult CAB patients who had positive blood cultures drawn on the day of hospital admission, 20,084 matched hospitalised controls admitted for other acute medical illness, and 41,121 matched controls from the general population. We computed 0–90 and 91–365 day absolute risks for hospital-diagnosed VTE and used regression analyses with adjustment for confounding factors to compare the risk for VTE in bacteraemia patients and controls.ResultsAmong CAB patients, 1.1% experienced VTE within 90 days of admission and 0.5% during 91–365 days after admission. The adjusted 90-day odds ratio (OR) for VTE was 1.9 (95% CI 1.4–2.7) compared with hospitalised controls, and 23.4 (95% CI 12.9–42.6) compared with population controls. During 91–365 days after CAB admission, the VTE risk remained moderately increased (adjusted hazard ratio vs. hospitalised controls, 1.4; 95% CI 0.8–2.5, and vs. population controls, 1.9; 95% CI 1.0–3.3). Compared to hospitalised controls, the 90-day VTE risk increase was greater for Gram-positive infection (adjusted OR 2.5; 95% CI 1.6–4.1) than for Gram-negative infection (adjusted OR, 1.2; 95% CI 0.7–2.1), partly due to a high risk after Staphylococcus aureus infection (3.6%).ConclusionThe risk for VTE is substantially increased within 90 days after community-acquired bacteraemia when compared to hospitalised controls and population controls. However, the absolute risk of VTE following CAB is low.
A Color-Coded Tape for Uterine Height Measurement: A Tool to Identify Preterm Pregnancies in Low Resource Settings
Creators: name: Bellad, M. B.
name: Koso-Thomas, Marion
name: Moore, Janet
name: Iqbal, Samina
name: Gowdak, Andrea
name: Bose, Carl L.
name: Saleem, Sarah
name: Hemingway-Foday, Jennifer
name: Bonorino, Carolina Astoul
name: Derman, Richard J.
name: Ala, Syed Hasan
name: Kodkany, Bhalchandra S.
name: Manasyan, Albert
name: Lokomba, Victor
name: Metgud, M. C.
name: Gibbons, Luz
name: McClure, Elizabeth M.
name: Chiwila, Melody
name: Buekens, Pierre
name: Goldenberg, Robert L.
name: Imenda, Edna
name: Berrueta, Mabel
name: Meleth, Sreelatha
name: Belizán, José M.
name: Tshefu, Antoinette
name: Althabe, Fernando
name: Goudar, Shivaprasad
name: Mazzoni, Agustina
name: Chomba, Elwyn
name: Mbewe, Florence
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: IntroductionNeonatal mortality associated with preterm birth can be reduced with antenatal corticosteroids (ACS), yet <10% of eligible pregnant women in low-middle income countries. The inability to accurately determine gestational age (GA) leads to under-identification of high-risk women who could receive ACS or other interventions. To facilitate better identification in low-resource settings, we developed a color-coded tape for uterine height (UH) measurement and estimated its accuracy identifying preterm pregnancies.MethodsWe designed a series of colored-coded tapes with segments corresponding to UH measurements for 20–23.6 weeks, 24.0–35.6 weeks, and >36.0 weeks GA. In phase 1, UH measurements were collected prospectively in the Democratic Republic of Congo, India and Pakistan, using distinct tapes to address variation across regions and ethnicities. In phase 2, we tested accuracy in 250 pregnant women with known GA from early ultrasound enrolled at prenatal clinics in Argentina, India, Pakistan and Zambia. Providers masked to the ultrasound GA measured UH. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was conducted.Results1,029 pregnant women were enrolled. In all countries the tapes were most effective identifying pregnancies between 20.0–35.6 weeks, compared to the other GAs. The ROC areas under the curves and 95% confidence intervals were: Argentina 0.69 (0.63, 0.74); Zambia 0.72 (0.66, 0.78), India 0.84 (0.80, 0.89), and Pakistan 0.83 (0.78, 0.87). The sensitivity and specificity (and 95% confidence intervals) for identifying pregnancies between 20.0–35.6 weeks, respectively, were: Argentina 87% (82%–92%) and 51% (42%–61%); Zambia 91% (86%–95%) and 50% (40%–60%); India 78% (71%–85%) and 89% (83%–94%); Pakistan 63% (55%–70%) and 94% (89%–99%).ConclusionsWe observed moderate-good accuracy identifying pregnancies ≤35.6 weeks gestation, with potential usefulness at the community level in low-middle income countries to facilitate the preterm identification and interventions to reduce preterm neonatal mortality. Further research is needed to validate these findings on a population basis.
MIGNEX Case Study Brief AFG3 - Migration and development dynamics in Shahrake Mahdia, Afghanistan
Creators: name: Alizada, Najia
name: Hannah, Murray
Publisher: name: Peace Research Institute Oslo
Year: 2022

description: Education and women’s civic engagement were a source of pride in Shahrake Jabrael – an area with limited state and international support. Imminent risk to lives ahead of the fall of Kabul, longstanding discrimination and poverty meant many hoped to leave.

Key Takeaways

This snapshot from August 2021 finds that most young adults surveyed (84%) find it difficult to earn a living and feed a family.

Most residents moved to Shahrake Jabrael after the collapse of the Taliban in 2001. Over half (57%) of young adults are internal migrants.

One-third (43%) of young adults prefer to leave Afghanistan within the next five years.
title: Sedimentology and diagenesis of lower and upper carboniferous sediments in the North German Basin
title: significance for shale gas prospectivity
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Kerschke, Dorit Ines
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie
subject: shale gas
subject: carboniferous
subject: black shale
subject: thermal maturity
subject: organic carbon
subject: Schiefergas
subject: Karbon
subject: Schwarzschiefer
subject: Thermische Reife
subject: Kohlenstoff

description: 158 samples from core material of thirteen former oil and gas exploration wells provided by the Federal Geological Surveys of Brandenburg (LBGR), Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (LUNG), Sachsen-Anhalt (LABG), Nordrhein-Westfalen (GD-NRW), and the Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO). Additional samples were taken in outcrops along the northern margin of the Rhenish Slate Mountains and in the western parts of the Harz Mountains. Data includes results from RockEval pyrolysis and total organic carbon (TOC), open pyrolysis gas chromatography, X-ray diffraction, and Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry measurements.
description: 158 Proben aus ehemaligen Erdöl- und Erdgasbohrungen wurden von den Geologischen Landesämtern von Brandenburg (LBGR), Mecklenburg Vorpommern (LUNG), Sachsen-Anhalt (LABG), Nordrhein-Westfalen (GD-NRW) und der Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) zur Verfügungn gestellt. Weitere Proben wurden in Aufschlüssen am Nordrand des Rheinischen Schiefergebirges und im Westharz genommen. Die Daten umfassen Resultate aus RockEval Pyrolyse und Kohlenstoffgehalt, offene Pyrolyse gekoppelt an Gaschromatographie, Röntgendiffraktometrie und Quecksilberporosimetrie.
Wigner Functions and Quark Orbital Angular Momentum
Creators: name: Mukherjee, Asmita
name: Nair, Sreeraj
name: Ojha, Vikash Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Wigner distributions contain combined position and momentum space information of the quark distributions and are related to both generalized parton distributions (GPDs) and transverse momentum dependent parton distributions (TMDs). We report on a recent model calculation of the Wigner distributions for the quark and their relation to the orbital angular momentum.
description: Talk given at Transversity 2014, June 9-13, 2014, Chia, Sardinia
A Distinct Mechanism of Vascular Lumen Formation in Xenopus Requires EGFL7
Creators: name: Koutleva, Elitza K.
name: Charpentier, Marta S.
name: Tandon, Panna
name: Trincot, Claire E.
name: Conlon, Frank L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: During vertebrate blood vessel development, lumen formation is the critical process by which cords of endothelial cells transition into functional tubular vessels. Here, we use Xenopus embryos to explore the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying lumen formation of the dorsal aorta and the posterior cardinal veins, the primary major vessels that arise via vasculogenesis within the first 48 hours of life. We demonstrate that endothelial cells are initially found in close association with one another through the formation of tight junctions expressing ZO-1. The emergence of vascular lumens is characterized by elongation of endothelial cell shape, reorganization of junctions away from the cord center to the periphery of the vessel, and onset of Claudin-5 expression within tight junctions. Furthermore, unlike most vertebrate vessels that exhibit specialized apical and basal domains, we show that early Xenopus vessels are not polarized. Moreover, we demonstrate that in embryos depleted of the extracellular matrix factor Epidermal Growth Factor-Like Domain 7 (EGFL7), an evolutionarily conserved factor associated with vertebrate vessel development, vascular lumens fail to form. While Claudin-5 localizes to endothelial tight junctions of EGFL7-depleted embryos in a timely manner, endothelial cells of the aorta and veins fail to undergo appropriate cell shape changes or clear junctions from the cell-cell contact. Taken together, we demonstrate for the first time the mechanisms by which lumens are generated within the major vessels in Xenopus and implicate EGFL7 in modulating cell shape and cell-cell junctions to drive proper lumen morphogenesis.
Crowdsourcing Dialect Characterization through Twitter
Creators: name: Gonçalves, Bruno
name: Sánchez, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We perform a large-scale analysis of language diatopic variation using geotagged microblogging datasets. By collecting all Twitter messages written in Spanish over more than two years, we build a corpus from which a carefully selected list of concepts allows us to characterize Spanish varieties on a global scale. A cluster analysis proves the existence of well defined macroregions sharing common lexical properties. Remarkably enough, we find that Spanish language is split into two superdialects, namely, an urban speech used across major American and Spanish citites and a diverse form that encompasses rural areas and small towns. The latter can be further clustered into smaller varieties with a stronger regional character.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
A Robust Model for Circadian Redox Oscillations
Creators: name: Del Olmo, Marta
name: Kramer, Achim
name: Herzel, Hanspeter
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: redox
subject: oscillations
subject: mathematical modeling
subject: negative feedback
subject: fast vs. slow reactions
subject: phases
subject: switches
subject: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: The circadian clock is an endogenous oscillator that controls daily rhythms in metabolism, physiology, and behavior. Although the timekeeping components differ among species, a common design principle is a transcription-translation negative feedback loop. However, it is becoming clear that other mechanisms can contribute to the generation of 24 h rhythms. Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) exhibit 24 h rhythms in their redox state in all kingdoms of life. In mammalian adrenal gland, heart and brown adipose tissue, such rhythms are generated as a result of an inactivating hyperoxidation reaction that is reduced by coordinated import of sulfiredoxin (Srx) into the mitochondria. However, a quantitative description of the Prx/Srx oscillating system is still missing. We investigate the basic principles that generate mitochondrial Prx/Srx rhythms using computational modeling. We observe that the previously described delay in mitochondrial Srx import, in combination with an appropriate separation of fast and slow reactions, is sufficient to generate robust self-sustained relaxation-like oscillations. We find that our conceptual model can be regarded as a series of three consecutive phases and two temporal switches, highlighting the importance of delayed negative feedback and switches in the generation of oscillations.
Spectral classes of regular, random, and empirical graphs
Creators: name: Gu, Jiao
name: Jost, Jürgen
name: Liu, Shiping
name: Stadler, Peter F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We define a (pseudo-)distance between graphs based on the spectrum of the normalized Laplacian, which is easy to compute or to estimate numerically. It can therefore serve as a rough classification of large empirical graphs into families that share the same asymptotic behavior of the spectrum so that the distance of two graphs from the same family is bounded by $\mathcal{O}(1/n)$ in terms of size $n$ of their vertex sets. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the spectral distance provides a practically useful measure of graph dissimilarity.
A Global Perspective on Pyrazinamide Resistance: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Creators: name: Streicher, Elizabeth M.
name: Soeters, Heidi M.
name: York, Talita
name: Whitfield, Michael G.
name: van Rie, Annelies
name: Sampson, Samantha L.
name: Warren, Robin M.
name: van Helden, Paul D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: BackgroundPyrazinamide (PZA) is crucial for tuberculosis (TB) treatment, given its unique ability to eradicate persister bacilli. The worldwide burden of PZA resistance remains poorly described.MethodsSystematic PubMed, Science Direct and Scopus searches for articles reporting phenotypic (liquid culture drug susceptibility testing or pyrazinamidase activity assays) and/or genotypic (polymerase chain reaction or DNA sequencing) PZA resistance. Global and regional summary estimates were obtained from random-effects meta-analysis, stratified by presence or risk of multidrug resistant TB (MDR-TB). Regional summary estimates were combined with regional WHO TB incidence estimates to determine the annual burden of PZA resistance. Information on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the pncA gene was aggregated to obtain a global summary.ResultsPooled PZA resistance prevalence estimate was 16.2% (95% CI 11.2-21.2) among all TB cases, 41.3% (29.0-53.7) among patients at high MDR-TB risk, and 60.5% (52.3-68.6) among MDR-TB cases. The estimated global burden is 1.4 million new PZA resistant TB cases annually, about 270,000 in MDR-TB patients. Among 1,815 phenotypically resistant isolates, 608 unique SNPs occurred at 397 distinct positions throughout the pncA gene.InterpretationPZA resistance is ubiquitous, with an estimated one in six incident TB cases and more than half of all MDR-TB cases resistant to PZA globally. The diversity of SNPs across the pncA gene complicates the development of rapid molecular diagnostics. These findings caution against relying on PZA in current and future TB drug regimens, especially in MDR-TB patients.
The Influence of Chinese Proverbs with Numbers 1-9 (一 - 九) in Chinese Language and Cultures
Creators: name: Jiraporn Pasaja
Publisher: name: DR.KEN Institute of Academic Development and Promotion
Year: 2022
Subjects: Chinese Proverbs
Chinese Numbers 1-9 (一-九)
Chinese Culture

description: Interdisciplinary Academic and Research Journal, 2, 6, 235-252