cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The emerging right to directly participate in local governance : enhancing the social inclusion of minorities and the politically alienated
Creators: name: Slidders, Charles
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2019
Subjects: democracy
political participation
social inclusion
integration
minority groups
participatory democracy
local government

description: Second semester University: University of Graz
description: Democracy is in crisis and the crisis is in ‘representative’ democracy. Citizens are disenchanted, disengaged, politically alienated and socially excluded. They aspire to directly participate in their own governance. Taking part in public affairs by voting in elections or being a member of a political party or a candidate for public office are central elements of participation. However, participating in cyclical elections is only a small part of political participation; participation in public affairs is an ongoing process. Much of the criticism of representative government is that it fails to enable greater direct civic participation. Across Europe there is a recognition that representative democracy must be supplemented by tools of participatory democracy and the implementation of mechanisms of participatory democracy is increasing. The recognition of the importance of civil participation in government and its increasing implementation has led to the emergence of a normative right to directly participate in local governance. Where tools of participatory democracy have been implemented at the local level there has been a demonstrable increase in social inclusion and empowerment. Despite the demonstrated potential of participatory democracy to enhance social inclusion, European states and institutions have ignored the potential of direct participation to supplement representative democracy in minority bodies. Tools of participatory democracy also have the potential to facilitate dialogue between minorities and majorities and assist in the integration process. The implementation of participatory democracy in minority and mixed bodies, established at the local level, have the potential to enhance the social inclusion of both minorities and the politically alienated segments of the majority population, and foster integration.
Effects of landscape setting on oyster reef structure and function largely persist more than a decade post-restoration
Creators: name: Grabowski, J.H.
name: Baillie, C.J.
name: Fodrie, F.J.
name: Ziegler, S.L.
Publisher: name: Blackwell Publishing Inc.
Year: 2018

description: Long-term monitoring is vital to understanding the efficacy of restoration approaches and how restoration may enhance ecosystem functions. We revisited restored oyster reefs 13 years post-restoration and quantified the resident and transient fauna that utilize restored reefs in three differing landscape contexts: on mudflats isolated from vegetated habitat, along the edge of salt marsh, and in between seagrass and salt marsh habitat. Differences observed 1–2 years post-restoration in reef development and associated fauna within reefs restored on mudflats versus adjacent to seagrass/salt marsh and salt marsh-only habitats persisted more than 10 years post-restoration. Reefs constructed on open mudflat habitats had the highest densities of oysters and resident invertebrates compared to those in other landscape contexts, although all restored reefs continued to enhance local densities of invertebrate taxa (e.g. bivalves, gastropods, decapods, polychaetes, etc.). Catch rates of juvenile fishes were enhanced on restored reefs relative to controls, but to a lesser extent than directly post-restoration, potentially because the reefs have grown vertically within the intertidal and out of the preferred inundation regime of small juvenile fishes. Reef presence and landscape setting did not augment the catch rates of piscivorous fishes in passive gill nets, similar to initial findings; however, hook-and-line catch rates were greater on restored reefs than non-reef controls. We conclude that ecosystem functions and associated services provided by restored habitats can vary both spatially and temporally; therefore, a better understanding of how service delivery varies among landscape setting and over time should enhance efforts to model these processes and restoration decision-making.
Capacitated Vehicle Routing with Non-uniform Speeds
Creators: name: Gortz, Inge Li
name: Molinaro, Marco
name: Viswanath  Nagarajan
name: Ramamoorthi Ravi
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP) [21] involves distributing (identical) items from a depot to a set of demand locations in the shortest possible time, using a single capacitated vehicle. We study a generalization of this problem to the setting of multiple vehicles having non-uniform speeds (that we call Heterogenous CVRP), and present a constant-factor approximation algorithm.
The technical heart of our result lies in achieving a constant approximation to the following TSP variant (called Heterogenous TSP). Given a metric denoting distances between vertices, a depot r containing k vehicles having speeds {λ  i } i = 1  k , the goal is to find a tour for each vehicle (starting and ending at r), so that every vertex is covered in some tour and the maximum completion time is minimized. This problem is precisely Heterogenous CVRP when vehicles are uncapacitated.
The presence of non-uniform speeds introduces difficulties for employing standard tour-splitting techniques. In order to get a better understanding of this technique in our context, we appeal to ideas from the 2-approximation for minimum makespan scheduling in unrelated parallel machines of Lenstra et al. [19]. This motivates the introduction of a new approximate MST construction called Level-Prim, which is related to Light Approximate Shortest-path Trees [18]. The last component of our algorithm involves partitioning the Level-Prim tree and matching the resulting parts to vehicles. This decomposition is more subtle than usual since now we need to enforce correlation between the lengths of the parts and their distances to the depot
A chromium dipolar Fermi sea
Creators: name: Naylor, B.
name: Reigue, A.
name: Maréchal, E.
name: Gorceix, O.
name: Laburthe-Tolra, B.
name: Vernac, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the production of a degenerate Fermi gas of 53Cr atoms, polarized in the state F=9/2, m_F=-9/2, by sympathetic cooling with bosonic S=3, m_S=-3 52Cr atoms. We load in an optical dipole trap 3.10^4 53Cr atoms with 10^6 52Cr atoms. Despite this initial small number of fermionic atoms, we reach a final temperature of T=0.6 T_f (Fermi temperature), with up to 10^3 53Cr atoms. This surprisingly efficient evaporation stems from an inter-isotope scattering length |a_{BF}| = (85+/- 10) a_{Bohr} which is small enough to reduce evaporative losses of the fermionic isotope, but large enough to insure thermalization.
description: 4 figures
Field theory of charge sharpening in symmetric monitored quantum circuits
Creators: name: Barratt, Fergus
name: Agrawal, Utkarsh
name: Gopalakrishnan, Sarang
name: Huse, David A.
name: Vasseur, Romain
name: Potter, Andrew C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Monitored quantum circuits (MRCs) exhibit a measurement-induced phase transition between area-law and volume-law entanglement scaling. MRCs with a conserved charge additionally exhibit two distinct volume-law entangled phases that cannot be characterized by equilibrium notions of symmetry-breaking or topological order, but rather by the non-equilibrium dynamics and steady-state distribution of charge fluctuations. These include a charge-fuzzy phase in which charge information is rapidly scrambled leading to slowly decaying spatial fluctuations of charge in the steady state, and a charge-sharp phase in which measurements collapse quantum fluctuations of charge without destroying the volume-law entanglement of neutral degrees of freedom. By taking a continuous-time, weak-measurement limit, we construct a controlled replica field theory description of these phases and their intervening charge-sharpening transition in one spatial dimension. We find that the charge fuzzy phase is a critical phase with continuously evolving critical exponents that terminates in a modified Kosterlitz-Thouless transition to the short-range correlated charge-sharp phase. We numerically corroborate these scaling predictions also hold for discrete-time projective-measurement circuit models using large-scale matrix-product state simulations, and discuss generalizations to higher dimensions.
description: 5+8 pages, 3 figures
Confining the state of light to a quantum manifold by engineered two-photon loss
Creators: name: Leghtas, Zaki
name: Touzard, Steven
name: Pop, Ioan M.
name: Kou, Angela
name: Vlastakis, Brian
name: Petrenko, Andrei
name: Sliwa, Katrina M.
name: Narla, Anirudh
name: Shankar, Shyam
name: Hatridge, Michael J.
name: Reagor, Matthew
name: Frunzio, Luigi
name: Schoelkopf, Robert J.
name: Mirrahimi, Mazyar
name: Devoret, Michel H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Physical systems usually exhibit quantum behavior, such as superpositions and entanglement, only when they are sufficiently decoupled from a lossy environment. Paradoxically, a specially engineered interaction with the environment can become a resource for the generation and protection of quantum states. This notion can be generalized to the confinement of a system into a manifold of quantum states, consisting of all coherent superpositions of multiple stable steady states. We have experimentally confined the state of a harmonic oscillator to the quantum manifold spanned by two coherent states of opposite phases. In particular, we have observed a Schrodinger cat state spontaneously squeeze out of vacuum, before decaying into a classical mixture. This was accomplished by designing a superconducting microwave resonator whose coupling to a cold bath is dominated by photon pair exchange. This experiment opens new avenues in the fields of nonlinear quantum optics and quantum information, where systems with multi-dimensional steady state manifolds can be used as error corrected logical qubits.
Coal or Nuclear: The Unintended Consequences of Electricity Generation
Creators: name: Lave, Lester B.
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: From the vantage point of 1975, it seems clear that substantial, unintended consequences have resulted from electricity production. While the cost of coal mining accidents have been recognized by society for some time, only in recent years has the public become aware of the full cost of black-lung (coal workers pneumoconiosis ),of the air pollution generated from burning coal in major cities,and of the very small, but non zero, probability of a disastrous accident with a light water reactor. In the last ten years there has been an extraordinary increase in the amount of regulation connected with electricity generation.
Additional file 1 of Identifying discrepancies between clinical practice and evidence-based guideline in recurrent pregnancy loss care, a tool for clinical guideline implementation
Creators: name: Youssef, A.
name: Lashley, E.E.L.O.
name: Vermeulen, N.
name: van der Hoorn, M.L.P.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Supplementary Material 1
Evidence of exceptional oyster-reef resilience to fluctuations in sea level
Creators: name: Fodrie, F.J.
name: Ridge, J.T.
name: Rodriguez, A.B.
Publisher: name: John Wiley and Sons Ltd
Year: 2017

description: Ecosystems at the land–sea interface are vulnerable to rising sea level. Intertidal habitats must maintain their surface elevations with respect to sea level to persist via vertical growth or landward retreat, but projected rates of sea-level rise may exceed the accretion rates of many biogenic habitats. While considerable attention is focused on climate change over centennial timescales, relative sea level also fluctuates dramatically (10–30 cm) over month-to-year timescales due to interacting oceanic and atmospheric processes. To assess the response of oyster-reef (Crassostrea virginica) growth to interannual variations in mean sea level (MSL) and improve long-term forecasts of reef response to rising seas, we monitored the morphology of constructed and natural intertidal reefs over 5 years using terrestrial lidar. Timing of reef scans created distinct periods of high and low relative water level for decade-old reefs (n = 3) constructed in 1997 and 2000, young reefs (n = 11) constructed in 2011 and one natural reef (approximately 100 years old). Changes in surface elevation were related to MSL trends. Decade-old reefs achieved 2 cm/year growth, which occurred along higher elevations when MSL increased. Young reefs experienced peak growth (6.7 cm/year) at a lower elevation that coincided with a drop in MSL. The natural reef exhibited considerable loss during the low MSL of the first time step but grew substantially during higher MSL through the second time step, with growth peaking (4.3 cm/year) at MSL, reoccupying the elevations previously lost. Oyster reefs appear to be in dynamic equilibrium with short-term (month-to-year) fluctuations in sea level, evidencing notable resilience to future changes to sea level that surpasses other coastal biogenic habitat types. These growth patterns support the presence of a previously defined optimal growth zone that shifts correspondingly with changes in MSL, which can help guide oyster-reef conservation and restoration.
An imbedding of spacetimes
Creators: name: Kim, Do-Hyung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: It is shown that any two-dimensional spacetimes with compact Cauchy surfaces can be causally isomorphically imbedded into the two-dimensional Einstein's static universe. Also, it is shown that any two-dimensional globally hyperbolic spacetimes are conformally equivalent to a subset of the two-dimensional Einstein's static universe.
"Learning to live together": human rights education in Ireland, North and South
Creators: name: Travers, Ellen
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2008
Subjects: children rights
Ireland
Northern Ireland
human rights education

description: Second semester University: University of Padua.
description: This thesis examines human rights education in the school system in Ireland, North and South. It aims to clarify the extent to which human rights obligations and international best practice are being complied with in both jurisdictions and to identify what further steps can be taken to remedy any shortcomings. Chapter one contextualises the impetus towards human rights education in the framework of the evolution of the international human rights regime. It reviews the international literature and uses the Plan of Action for the first phase of the World Programme for Human Rights Education as a model for good practice. The next chapter briefly explores the historical and cultural background, explains the need for some form of human rights education in both societies and gives an overview of the education systems in order to identify obstacles to implementation of human rights education. Chapter three maps the extent to which human rights principles have already become embedded in the school system, while chapter four considers human rights education initiatives, properly so-called, with a link to international human rights instruments and a whole-school approach. Children’s rights as a conceptual starting point for human rights education in the school system are considered in chapter five. The final chapter reviews progress and challenges before drawing some conclusions and making recommendations for the future. In summary, while progress has been made in relation to human rights education in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland, significant challenges remain. These include the need for a higher level political and policy commitment which is sustained and followed through and a more explicit curriculum development which embraces human rights as a value base for citizenship education. In particular, recognising children as rights-holders, practicing human rights in schools, reflecting these rights in school structures and school life remain to be developed in any meaningful way. Experience North and South has overlapped to some extent but has diverged in significant respects. In the North, discourse and development has been more explicitly informed by human rights perspectives, perhaps reflecting the background of contested rights historically, whereas in the South, the perspectives of inter-cultural education have been more influential, reflecting recent social and economic change. It is agreed that North and South have much to learn from each other and that initiatives in human rights education offer rich potential for learning to live together.
AN ANALYSIS OF CODE-SWITCHING IN ENGLISH MEETING CLUB (Benteng Panynyua Club in Fort Rotterdam Makassar).pdf
Creators: name: Jakob, Juvrianto Chrissunday
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Higher education

description: Code-Switching is a phenomenon that may occurs in Bilingual or Multilingual communities. Indonesian students who learn English as Foreign Language tend to find a way to master English by forming or joining an English Meeting Club. Code -Switching occurs when they try to speak English in their conversation. The aim of this study is to describe the type of Code-switching used by the members of English meeting club and reason why they did that switching. This research used qualitative method. The subject of the research was participants of English Meeting Club and the data of Code-switching are taken from recording which was converted into transcription. The result shows that the members of English meeting club did three types of Code-switching. Those are tag-switching, intra-sentential switching and intersentential switching. They mostly used intra-sentential switching in their conversation and did
 the switching to make their utterances acceptable to the hearer.
Prediction of imminent failure using supervised learning in fiber bundle model
Creators: name: Diksha
name: Biswas, Soumyajyoti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Prediction of breakdown in disordered solids under external loading in a question of paramount importance. Here we use a fiber bundle model for disordered solids and record the time series of the avalanche sizes and energy bursts. The time series contains statistical regularities that not only signify universality in the critical behavior of the process of fracture, but also reflect signals of proximity to a catastrophic failure. A systematic analysis of these series using supervised machine learning can predict the time to failure. Different features of the time series become important in different variants of training samples. We explain the reasons for such switch over of importance among different features. We show that inequality measures for avalanche time series play a crucial role in imminent failure predictions, especially for imperfect training sets i.e., when simulation parameters of training samples differ considerably from those of the testing samples. We also show the variation of predictability of the system as the interaction range and strengths of disorders are varied in the samples, varying the failure mode from brittle to quasi-brittle (with interaction range) and from nucleation to percolation (with disorder strength). The effectiveness of the supervised learning is best when the samples just enter the quasi-brittle mode of failure showing scale-free avalanche size distributions.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures
Magnetic Fields in a Sample of Nearby Spiral Galaxies
Creators: name: Van Eck, Cameron
name: Brown, Jo-Anne
name: Shukurov, Anvar
name: Fletcher, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Both observations and modelling of magnetic fields in the diffuse interstellar gas of spiral galaxies are well developed but the theory has been confronted with observations for only a handful of individual galaxies. There is now sufficient data to consider statistical properties of galactic magnetic fields. We have collected data from the literature on the magnetic fields and interstellar media (ISM) of 20 spiral galaxies, and tested for various physically motivated correlations between magnetic field and ISM parameters. Clear correlations emerge between the total magnetic field strength and molecular gas density as well as the star formation rate. The magnetic pitch angle exhibits correlations with the total gas density, the star formation rate and the strength of the axisymmetric component of the mean magnetic field. The total and mean magnetic field strengths exhibit noticeable degree of correlation, suggesting a universal behaviour of the degree of order in galactic magnetic fields. We also compare the predictions of galactic dynamo theory to observed magnetic field parameters and identify directions in which theory and observations might be usefully developed.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ (November 5, 2014); 18 pages, 10 figures (Version 2: Replaced 'regular' with 'ordered' on page 2; Replaced 'regular' with 'large-scale' on page 14.)
Salt Marsh and Fringing Oyster Reef Transgression in a Shallow Temperate Estuary: Implications for Restoration, Conservation and Blue Carbon
Creators: name: Ridge, J.T.
name: Rodriguez, A.B.
name: Fodrie, F.J.
Publisher: name: Springer New York LLC
Year: 2017

description: The importance of intertidal estuarine habitats, like salt marsh and oyster reef, has been well established, as has their ubiquitous loss along our coasts with resultant forfeiture of the ecosystem services they provide. Furthering our understanding of how these habitats are evolving in the face of anthropogenic and climate driven changes will help improve management strategies. Previous work has shown that the growth and productivity of both oyster reefs and salt marshes are strongly linked to elevation in the intertidal zone (duration of aerial exposure). We build on that research by examining the growth of marsh-fringing oyster reefs at yearly to decadal time scales and examine movement of the boundary between oyster reef and salt marsh at decadal to centennial time scales. We show that the growth of marsh-fringing reefs is strongly associated to the duration of aerial exposure, with little growth occurring below mean low water and above mean sea level. Marsh-shoreline movement, in the presence or absence of fringing oyster reefs, was reconstructed using transects of sediment cores. Carbonaceous marsh sediments sampled below the modern fringing oyster reefs indicate that marsh shorelines within Back Sound, North Carolina are predominantly in a state of transgression (landward retreat), and modern oyster-reef locations were previously occupied by salt marsh within the past two centuries. Cores fronting transgressive marsh shorelines absent fringing reefs sampled thinner and less extensive carbonaceous marsh sediment than at sites with fringing reefs. This indicates that fringing reefs are preserving carbonaceous marsh sediment from total erosion as they transgress and colonize the exposed marsh shoreline making marsh sediments more resistant to erosion. The amount of marsh sediment preservation underneath the reef scales with the reef’s relief, as reefs with the greatest relief were level with the marsh platform, preserving a maximum amount of carbonaceous sediments during transgression by buffering the marsh from erosional processes. Thus, fringing oyster reefs not only have the capacity to shelter shorelines but, if located at the ideal tidal elevation, they also keep up with accelerating sea-level rise and cap carbonaceous sediments, protecting them from erosion, as reefs develop along the marsh.
Policy Gradient Approach to Compilation of Variational Quantum Circuits
Creators: name: Herrera-Martí, David A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a method for finding approximate compilations of quantum unitary transformations, based on techniques from policy gradient reinforcement learning. The choice of a stochastic policy allows us to rephrase the optimization problem in terms of probability distributions, rather than variational gates. In this framework, the optimal configuration is found by optimizing over distribution parameters, rather than over free angles. We show numerically that this approach can be more competitive than gradient-free methods, for a comparable amount of resources, both for noiseless and noisy circuits. Another interesting feature of this approach to variational compilation is that it does not need a separate register and long-range interactions to estimate the end-point fidelity, which is an improvement over methods which rely on the Hilbert-Schmidt test. We expect these techniques to be relevant for training variational circuits in other contexts.
description: 17 pages, 6 figures
A Compositional Framework for Passive Linear Networks
Creators: name: Baez, John C.
name: Fong, Brendan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Passive linear networks are used in a wide variety of engineering applications, but the best studied are electrical circuits made of resistors, inductors and capacitors. We describe a category where a morphism is a circuit of this sort with marked input and output terminals. In this category, composition describes the process of attaching the outputs of one circuit to the inputs of another. We construct a functor, dubbed the "black box functor", that takes a circuit, forgets its internal structure, and remembers only its external behavior. Two circuits have the same external behavior if and only if they impose same relation between currents and potentials at their terminals. The space of these currents and potentials naturally has the structure of a symplectic vector space, and the relation imposed by a circuit is a Lagrangian linear relation. Thus, the black box functor goes from our category of circuits to the category of symplectic vector spaces and Lagrangian linear relations. We prove that this functor is We prove that this functor is symmetric monoidal and indeed a hypergraph functor. We assume the reader is familiar with category theory, but not with circuit theory or symplectic linear algebra.
description: 54 pages, with TikZ figures
Commentary: Monetary Policy and the Control of Inflation
Creators: name: Meltzer, Allan
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Governor Crow touched on most of the major issues one wants to raise, leaving his discussants with little to question. I can only echo his comments about the goal of price stability and the critical importance of firmly setting monetary policy on a noninflationary path and keeping it there. Like Governor Crow, I do not believe this objective has much chance of being achieved unless there is some formal understanding that frees the central bank from financing government budget deficits. I would go further. Monetary policy cannot deliver stable prices in Eastern Europe unless there are fiscal and other reforms; the commitment to price stability will be meaningless if most prices remain controlled. These fiscal and price reforms are only part of the economic reform necessary to make monetary policy work effectively.
Additional file 1 of Emerging nano-scale delivery systems for the treatment of osteoporosis
Creators: name: Dayanandan, Anoop Puthiyoth
name: Cho, Woong Jin
name: Kang, Hyemin
name: Bello, Alvin Bacero
name: Kim, Byoung Ju
name: Arai, Yoshie
name: Lee, Soo-Hong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Space Science
Medicine
Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Supplementary Material 1
Probing Modified Gravity with Integrated Sachs-Wolfe CMB and Galaxy Cross-correlations
Creators: name: Kable, Joshua A.
name: Benevento, Giampaolo
name: Frusciante, Noemi
name: De Felice, Antonio
name: Tsujikawa, Shinji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the cross-correlation power spectrum of the integrated Sachs-Wolfe (ISW) effect in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature anisotropy and galaxy fluctuations to probe the physics of late-time cosmic acceleration. For this purpose, we focus on three models of dark energy that belong to a sub-class of Horndeski theories with the speed of gravity equivalent to that of light: Galileon Ghost Condensate (GGC), Generalized Cubic Covariant Galileon (GCCG), and K-mouflage. In the GGC and GCCG models, the existence of cubic-order scalar self-interactions allows a possibility for realizing negative ISW-galaxy cross-correlations, while the K-mouflage model predicts a positive correlation similar to the $Λ$-cold-dark-matter (LCDM) model. In our analysis, we fix the parameters of each model to their best-fit values derived from a baseline likelihood analysis with observational data from CMB, baryon acoustic oscillations, and supernovae type Ia. Then we fit those best-fit models to the ISW-galaxy cross-correlation power spectrum extracted from a collection of photometric redshift surveys. We find that both GGC and GCCG best-fit models degrade the fit to the ISW-galaxy cross-correlation data compared to LCDM best-fit model. This is attributed to the fact that, for their best-fit values constrained from the baseline likelihood, the cubic-order scalar self-interaction gives rise to suppressed ISW tails relative to $Λ$CDM. The K-mouflage best-fit model is largely degenerate with the LCDM best-fit model and has a positively correlated ISW-galaxy power close to that of LCDM.
description: 25 pages, 5 figures. Published by JCAP
title: Let love liberate our children to learn
Creators: name: Whitters, Hazel G.
Publisher: name: Strathprints - University of Strathclyde
Year: 2020

description: This article is a short reflection on an example of practice within one early years' establishment which represents the journal's special issue theme, "The extraordinary ordinary: The power of everyday care." The practice focuses upon intervention for three generations of a family. The grandmother and mother experienced adversities in childhood, and similar circumstances exist for Holly who is three years old. The emotional and physical effects of toxic stress upon learning through play are presented from Holly's perspective. The practicality of daily living for her mother, in a context of addictions, is described as a potential barrier to participation. The long-term impact of trauma upon each generation is represented by the grandmother's negative attitude to change and her inability to provide a role model for the family. The article concludes by emphasising a key aspect in the complex process of transforming research into practice in the field of child protection: Sensitive and empathic responding by a practitioner which nurtures family love, and secure attachment.
Key taxa in food web responses to stressors: the Deepwater Horizon oil spill
Creators: name: Martin, C.W.
name: Able, K.W.
name: Olin, J.A.
name: Roberts, B.J.
name: Fodrie, F.J.
name: Polito, M.J.
name: Jensen, O.P.
name: Johnson, J.J.
name: Ziegler, S.L.
name: López-Duarte, P.C.
name: McCann, M.J.
name: Christian, R.R.
Publisher: name: Wiley Blackwell
Year: 2017

description: Identifying key taxa in the response of ecosystems to perturbations relies on quantifying both their sensitivity to stressors and their importance in the overall web of interactions. If sensitive taxa occupy key network positions, then they may decrease the capacity of ecosystems to resist perturbations. Despite widespread concern for coastal marshes after the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, impacts on individual taxa were variable, and the effects on the overall marsh food web have not been assessed. Here, we synthesize published studies on trophic relationships and oil sensitivity to identify critical taxa in the response of marsh food webs to the oil spill. Taxa such as carnivorous marsh fishes are expected to enhance resilience, while gulls, terns, and omnivorous snails may destabilize the food web. Our framework for identifying key taxa can be applied to other environmental stressors or ecosystems if both the sensitivity of individual taxa to a stressor and the food web structure are known.
Precise Radial Velocities of Giant Stars VII. Occurrence Rate of Giant Extrasolar Planets as a Function of Mass and Metallicity
Creators: name: Reffert, Sabine
name: Bergmann, Christoph
name: Quirrenbach, Andreas
name: Trifonov, Trifon
name: Künstler, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (abridged) We have obtained precise radial velocities for a sample of 373 G and K type giants at Lick Observatory regularly over more than 12 years. Planets have been identified around 15 giant stars; an additional 20 giant stars host planet candidates. We investigate the occurrence rate of substellar companions around giant stars as a function of stellar mass and metallicity. We probe the stellar mass range from about 1 to beyond 3 M_Sun, which is not being explored by main-sequence samples. We fit the giant planet occurrence rate as a function of stellar mass and metallicity with a Gaussian and an exponential distribution, respectively. We find strong evidence for a planet-metallicity correlation among the secure planet hosts of our giant star sample, in agreement with the one for main-sequence stars. However, the planet-metallicity correlation is absent for our sample of planet candidates, raising the suspicion that a good fraction of them might indeed not be planets. Consistent with the results obtained by Johnson for subgiants, the giant planet occurrence rate increases in the stellar mass interval from 1 to 1.9 M_Sun. However, there is a maximum at a stellar mass of 1.9 +0.1/-0.5 M_Sun, and the occurrence rate drops rapidly for masses larger than 2.5-3.0 M_Sun. We do not find any planets around stars more massive than 2.7 M_Sun, although there are 113 stars with masses between 2.7 and 5 M_Sun in our sample (corresponding to a giant planet occurrence rate < 1.6% at 68.3% confidence in that stellar mass bin). We also show that this result is not a selection effect related to the planet detectability being a function of the stellar mass. We conclude that giant planet formation or inward migration is suppressed around higher mass stars, possibly because of faster disk depletion coupled with a longer migration timescale.
description: 13 pages plus long table appendix, accepted by A&A
Comments on "The Effects of Social Task and Situational Factors on Motivation, Performance and Appraisal"
Creators: name: Goodman, Paul S.
name: Fichman, Mark
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Our review of Mitchell's paper "The Effects of Social, Task, and Situational Factors on Motivation, Performance, and Appraisal" is divided into three sections.  First, we give a brief representation of the concepts and theory in order to facilitate our analysis of Mitchell's work.  Second we identify and discuss the critical issues in the Mitchell paper.  Last, we delineate our position concerning some of the major research issues on the relationship of social, task, and situational factors to performance.
title: Turning ordinary love into extraordinary outcomes at East Park
Creators: name: Feeney, Liam
Publisher: name: Strathprints - University of Strathclyde
Year: 2020

description: This article describes East Park School’s journey in conceptualising agape and what it means to provide a care experience that demonstrates love in a meaningful way:- Explaining why young people need to feel loved and not just cared for.- Describing how we explored the difficulties of maintaining professional boundaries in practice, while managing risk in situations where we looked for more loving ways to intervene.- Showing how we build on trust and existing relationships to create more opportunities for our young people to experience love.- Defining what love means to young people with complex and multiple diagnoses and witnessing extraordinary outcomes.- Explaining how we entrench the expectation of love into recruitment and induction conversations for new staff.
FIMP dark matter mediated by massive gauge boson around the phase transition period and the gravitational waves production
Creators: name: Bian, Ligong
name: Tang, Yi-Lei
name: Zhou, Ruiyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the feebly interacting massive particle dark matter whose production processes are significantly affected by the phase evolution and the complicated thermal corrections to the vector boson. We calculate the freeze-in processes to obtain the correct dark matter relic density by enumerating all the possible $1 \leftrightarrow 2$ and $2 \leftrightarrow 2$ processes. The predicted gravitational waves emitted by the first-order phase transitions and the cosmic strings are evaluated.
Additional file 1 of Implementing and monitoring the right to health in breast cancer: selection of indicators using a Delphi process
Creators: name: Montel, Lisa
name: Coleman, Michel P.
name: Murphy, Therese
name: Balabanova, Dina
name: Ciula, Raffaele
name: Evans, Dabney P.
name: Lougarre, Claire
name: Verhoeven, Didier
name: Allemani, Claudia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Appendix 1. List of indicators, with data sources and rationale for the right to health.
Oyster reefs as carbon sources and sinks
Creators: name: Fodrie, F.J.
name: Grabowski, J.H.
name: Rodriguez, A.B.
name: Gittman, R.K.
name: Peterson, C.H.
name: Lindquist, N.L.
name: Piehler, M.F.
name: Ridge, J.T.
Publisher: name: Royal Society Publishing
Year: 2017

description: Carbon burial is increasingly valued as a service provided by threatened vegetated coastal habitats. Similarly, shellfish reefs contain significant pools of carbon and are globally endangered, yet considerable uncertainty remains regarding shellfish reefs’ role as sources (+) or sinks (-) of atmospheric CO2. While CO2 release is a by-product of carbonate shell production (then burial), shellfish also facilitate atmospheric-CO2 drawdown via filtration and rapid biodeposition of carbon-fixing primary producers. We provide a framework to account for the dual burial of inorganic and organic carbon, and demonstrate that decade-old experimental reefs on intertidal sandflats were net sources of CO2 (7.1 ± 1.2 MgC ha-1 yr-1 (m ± s.e.)) resulting from predominantly carbonate deposition, whereas shallow subtidal reefs (-1.0 ± 0.4 MgC ha-1 yr-1) and saltmarsh-fringing reefs (-1.3 ± 0.4 MgC ha-1 yr-1) were dominated by organic-carbon-rich sediments and functioned as net carbon sinks (on par with vegetated coastal habitats). These landscape-level differences reflect gradients in shellfish growth, survivorship and shell bioerosion. Notably, down-core carbon concentrations in 100- to 4000-year-old reefs mirrored experimental-reef data, suggesting our results are relevant over centennial to millennial scales, although we note that these natural reefs appeared to function as slight carbon sources (0.5 ± 0.3 MgC ha-1 yr-1). Globally, the historical mining of the top metre of shellfish reefs may have reintroduced more than 400 000 000 Mg of organic carbon into estuaries. Importantly, reef formation and destruction do not have reciprocal, counterbalancing impacts on atmospheric CO2 since excavated organic material may be remineralized while shell may experience continued preservation through reburial. Thus, protection of existing reefs could be considered as one component of climate mitigation programmes focused on the coastal zone.
title: Tools and methods to improve emergency planning for floods
Creators: name: Lumbroso, Darren
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2024

description: The aim of this research was to address how emergency planning for floods and dams can be improved to reduce loss of life. The thesis comprises nine publications. Each publication addresses research questions which feed into the overarching aim. 

Publications 1 and 2 review historic flood events which occurred in England in 1953 and in France in 2010, leading to a significant loss of life, partly because of deficiencies in emergency planning. Publications 3, 4 and 5 assess how effective emergency plans for floods can reduce fatalities. Publication 3 consolidates lessons learnt from two low-income countries, Bangladesh and Cuba, where there has been an appreciable decrease in deaths from coastal surges and how these are relevant to high-income countries such as the USA. A review of the methods and tools available to increase the effectiveness of emergency plans for floods is provided in Publication 5. Publication 6 follows on from one of the overarching findings of Publications 1 to 5, which is that there is a requirement for a method via which emergency plans for floods can be assessed and improved. Publication 6 details three cases studies in England, France and The Netherlands where a method was developed and applied to assess and to improve emergency plans for floods. 

Papers 7, 8 and 9 describe how an agent-based model, which represents the dynamic interaction of people, vehicles and buildings with the floodwater or mudflows, can be used to investigate different emergency planning scenarios in order to minimise the potential loss of life from different sources of flooding including dam failures. These publications show how the use of agent-based models, to investigate the emergency management options for floods, allows a counterfactual analysis to be easily undertaken. Counterfactual analysis is increasingly used in the field of emergency management because it enables emergency planners to show causal relationships between interventions. This allows interventions such as increasing the number of safe havens, use of new evacuation routes and improved early warnings to be compared with the existing situation, in the context of the risks that floods pose to people. 

The research work detailed in the nine publications has informed both policy and practice. For example, Publication 3 helped to inform the US government’s policy on increasing the resilience of vulnerable coastal in the USA to floods. The agent-based model, described in Papers 7, 8 and 9, has been used to inform emergency plans for dams in Australia, Canada, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, Peru and the USA. 

Overall, this series of publications points towards the need for continuous improvements in the emergency planning for low probability - high consequence flood events and the part agent-based models can play in this.
Electron-phonon coupling and superconductivity in an alkaline earth hydride CaH$_6$ at high pressures
Creators: name: Jeon, Hyunsoo
name: Wang, Chongze
name: Liu, Shuyuan
name: Bok, Jin Mo
name: Bang, Yunkyu
name: Cho, Jun-Hyung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, an alkaline earth hydride CaH$_6$ having a sodalitelike clathrate structure has been experimentally synthesized at megabar pressures with a maximum $T_c$ of 215 K, comparable to that of a rare earth hydride LaH$_{10}$. Here, based on first-principles calculations, we find that CaH$_6$ exhibits a huge peak in the Eliashberg spectral function $α^{2}F$ around the low-frequency region of H-derived phonon modes, in contrast to LaH$_{10}$ having a widely spreading spectrum of $α^{2}F$ over the whole frequencies of H-derived phonon modes. It is revealed that the huge peak of $α^{2}F$ in CaH$_6$ is associated with an effective electron-phonon coupling (EPC) between low-frequency optical phonons and hybridized H 1$s$ and Ca 3$d$ states near the Fermi energy. As pressure increases, the strengthened H$-$H covalent bonding not only induces a hardening of optical phonon modes but also reduces the electron-phonon matrix elements related to the low-frequency optical modes, thereby leading to a lowering of the EPC constant. It is thus demonstrated that H-derived low-frequency phonon modes play an important role in the pressure-induced variation of $T_c$ in CaH$_6$. Furthermore, unlike the presence of two distinct superconducting gaps in LaH$_{10}$, CaH$_6$ is found to exhibit a single isotropic superconducting gap.