cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Healthcare spending by disease and other dimensions in Switzerland
Creators: name: Stucki, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The persistent increase in healthcare spending is at the centre of the political debate in Switzerland and has led to numerous proposals on how to curb spending growth. Spending drivers and their relative contribution to overall growth are largely unknown. Knowledge about spending on single diseases is also essential to assess the value in healthcare. This thesis develops the methodology of decomposing total healthcare spending in Switzerland by diseases and other dimensions and shows how these estimates can be used to identify spending drivers. The thesis consists of four studies. The first study decomposes changes in disease-specific inpatient treatment costs in the canton of Zurich by its underlying drivers. Increases in the average costs per hospital day are identified as the by far most relevant cost driver. The second study decomposes outpatient care spending in the mandatory health insurance by a comprehensive and mutually exclusive set of 42 medical conditions. Disease identification is based on “diagnostic clues” contained in claims data. Results identify musculoskeletal disorders as the most expensive disease group in outpatient care. The third study replaces the “diagnostic clues” from the second study with a data-driven approach. The study uses machine learning techniques to predict the manifestation of diseases at the individual level in hospitalized patients and estimates the disease prevalence in the whole population based on these individual-level predictions. Use of specific drugs is found to be an important predictor for most diseases. The fourth study expands the decomposition approach to total healthcare spending according to Swiss National Health Accounts and estimates spending by 48 causes, 20 health services, and 42 age-sex groups in 2012 and 2017. The paper identifies the increase in average spending per prevalent patient as the most relevant cost driver. The results of these studies may be of importance for health policy design and serve as the basis for systematic and system-wide productivity analyses in Swiss healthcare.
description: + UNILU Diss 2024 F5 EL
Un acercamiento a Nueva España en el Siglo XVII: La vida y las obras de Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz
Creators: name: Berger, Amy
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: 130103 Higher Education
subject: FOS: Educational sciences

description: An Approach to New Spain in the Seventeenth Century: The Life and Works of Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz According to Jaime Delgado, "Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz was, without a doubt, a woman ahead of her tim e."3 He could not be more correct. She was an innovator, the first European colonial woman to question widely held beliefs and propose a new order. Sor Juana lived during the seventeenth century in the viceroyalty of New Spain (present day Mexico), and has become known as an intellectual, a poet, and a feminist. Certainly she was a poet and an intellectual, but it is difficult to classify her as a feminist without a clear definition of feminism. Sor Juana was a prolific writer, whose works include not only poems, but essays and dramas as well. Her worked addressed many themes and employed numerous styles. However, it is essential to read her work from her perspective, because she wrote them for a reason—to present opposing ideas to what was popularly accepted thought concerning the relationship between men and women, government and the people, and the authority of the Catholic Church.
Nematic twist--bend phase in an external field
Creators: name: Pająk, Grzegorz
name: Longa, Lech
name: Chrzanowska, Agnieszka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nematic twist--bend is the fifth nematic phase recognized in nature. This phase exhibits spiral orientational order, thus it is a chiral structure and it can be stabilized in systems composed of achiral molecules. The microscopic origin of this spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking is to a large extent unknown but phenomenologically it appears stabilized by assuming coupling between steric polar and orientational orderings. Understanding of how external fields affect the stability of this phase is of great intellectual interest and of relevance to potential applications. Within mesoscopic Landau--de Gennes theory we find that for compounds with positive anisotropy the helix unwinds to a polar uniaxial nematic, however negative material anisotropy gives rise to a rich sequence of new nematic phases obtained via mechanism of flattening the conical spiral.
Phonon-assisted resonant tunneling through a triple-quantum-dot: a phonon-signal detector
Creators: name: Shen, X. Y.
name: Dong, Bing
name: Lei, X. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effect of electron-phonon interaction on current and zero-frequency shot noise in resonant tunneling through a series triple-quantum-dot coupling to a local phonon mode by means of a nonperturbative mapping technique along with the Green function formulation. By fixing the energy difference between the first two quantum dots to be equal to phonon frequency and sweeping the level of the third quantum dot, we find a largely enhanced current spectrum due to phonon effect, and in particular we predict current peaks corresponding to phonon-absorption and -emission assisted resonant tunneling processes, which shows that this system can be acted as a sensitive phonon-signal detector or as a cascade phonon generator.
description: 3 pages, 3 figures
Quantum Interference Controls the Electron Spin Dynamics in n-GaAs
Creators: name: Belykh, V. V.
name: Kuntsevich, A. Yu.
name: Glazov, M. M.
name: Kavokin, K. V.
name: Yakovlev, D. R.
name: Bayer, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Manifestations of quantum interference effects in macroscopic objects are rare. Weak localization is one of the few examples of such effects showing up in the electron transport through solid state. Here we show that weak localization becomes prominent also in optical spectroscopy via detection of the electron spin dynamics. In particular, we find that weak localization controls the free electron spin relaxation in semiconductors at low temperatures and weak magnetic fields by slowing it down by almost a factor of two in $n$-doped GaAs in the metallic phase. The weak localization effect on the spin relaxation is suppressed by moderate magnetic fields of about 1 T, which destroy the interference of electron trajectories, and by increasing the temperature. The weak localization suppression causes an anomalous decrease of the longitudinal electron spin relaxation time $T_1$ with magnetic field, in stark contrast with well-known magnetic field induced increase in $T_1$. This is consistent with transport measurements which show the same variation of resistivity with magnetic field. Our discovery opens a vast playground to explore quantum magneto-transport effects optically in the spin dynamics.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures
Contested waters : understanding the hydropolitical underpinnings of governing Areas of Limited Statehood within the context of the Syrian Civil War
Creators: name: Hoduski, Natosha
Publisher: name: The University of St Andrews
Year: 2024
Subjects: Syria
Civil War
Hydropolitics
Areas of Limited Statehood
Environmental security

description: This dissertation explores the complex mechanisms of water governance in the context of the Syrian Civil War, a conflict marked by the fragmentation of centralised state authority and the emergence of competing centres of power. The empirical section of this dissertation is trained on three key actors – the Syrian Regime, the Islamic State (ISIS), and the Kurdish-led Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (AANES or Self-Administration) – and how they manipulated and managed water resources within this fractured political landscape. By synthesising literature within the fields of hydropolitics and governance in Areas of Limited Statehood, this research examines the varied hydropolitical strategies these actors employed to assert territorial control and to preserve and prolong their systems of governance. This dissertation deploys detailed case studies and comprehensive qualitative analysis, including interviews with key stakeholders, to analyse the Syrian state shell in which water governance is entangled with efforts to coercively or co-optively acquire territory, legitimise authority, mobilise support, and compete or collaborate with opposing forces, providing deep insights into the broader implications of water management in conflict zones. This dissertation not only contributes to our understanding of the Syrian Civil War's hydropolitical landscape and its governance structures but also contributes a novel synthetic conceptual framework for studying hydropolitics in similarly fragmented geopolitical contexts. This research is pivotal, given the increasing value of water amidst rising incidents of scarcity due to climate change and anthropogenic pressures, especially in conflict contexts where governance structures are often disrupted or transformed.
title: The Bank of Canada 2015 Retailer Survey on the Cost of Payment Methods: Calibration for Single-Location Retailers
Creators: name: Chen, Heng
name: Shen, Rallye
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2017

description: Calibrated weights are created to (a) reduce the nonresponse bias; (b) reduce the coverage error; and (c) make the weighted estimates from the sample consistent with the target population in terms of certain key variables. This technical report details our calibration analysis of singlelocation retailers for the Retailer Survey on the Cost of Payment Methods. We first compare two types of calibration approaches, consisting of (1) traditional calibration, in which calibration is implemented after explicit nonresponse modelling, and (2) nonresponse-embedded calibration, where the nonresponse correction is automatically built in (Särndal and Lundström, 2005). After carefully selecting auxiliary variables, we find minor differences between these two methods. We also examine the effects of trimming, sample size, smoothing and influential units on the calibrated weights, and show that our calibration is robust in view of these considerations.
description: Des pondérations sont estimées par calage pour a) réduire le biais attribuable aux non-réponses, b) réduire l’erreur de couverture et c) faire concorder les poids d’estimation de l’échantillon avec ceux de la population cible pour certaines variables d’intérêt. Dans ce rapport technique, nous décrivons notre analyse de l’ajustement des poids appliqués aux détaillants indépendants dans l’enquête sur les coûts des différents modes de paiement pour les détaillants. Nous comparons dans un premier temps deux méthodes de calage. Dans l’une, le calage se fait après une modélisation explicite des non-réponses (méthode classique), alors que, dans l’autre, la correction des non-réponses est automatiquement intégrée (calage avec prise en compte préalable des non-réponses selon Särndal et Lundström, 2005). Après avoir soigneusement sélectionné les variables auxiliaires, nous relevons entre les deux approches des différences mineures. Nous examinons également l’incidence que peuvent avoir la délimitation du facteur d’ajustement, la taille de l’échantillon, le lissage et les unités influentes sur les poids d’estimation, et nous montrons que notre calage reste valide.
Parity and the modular bootstrap
Creators: name: Anous, Tarek
name: Mahajan, Raghu
name: Shaghoulian, Edgar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider unitary, modular invariant, two-dimensional CFTs which are invariant under the parity transformation $P$. Combining $P$ with modular inversion $S$ leads to a continuous family of fixed points of the $SP$ transformation. A particular subset of this locus of fixed points exists along the line of positive left- and right-moving temperatures satisfying $β_L β_R = 4π^2$. We use this fixed locus to prove a conjecture of Hartman, Keller, and Stoica that the free energy of a large-$c$ CFT$_2$ with a suitably sparse low-lying spectrum matches that of AdS$_3$ gravity at all temperatures and all angular potentials. We also use the fixed locus to generalize the modular bootstrap equations, obtaining novel constraints on the operator spectrum and providing a new proof of the statement that the twist gap is smaller than $(c-1)/12$ when $c>1$. At large $c$ we show that the operator dimension of the first excited primary lies in a region in the $(h,\overline{h})$-plane that is significantly smaller than $h+\overline{h}
description: 21 pages, 3 figures, v2 reference and equation added, v3 minor edits and figure 2 improved
Cabibbo-allowed nonleptonic weak decays of charmed baryons
Creators: name: Cheng, Hai-Yang
name: Tseng, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cabibbo-allowed nonleptonic weak decays of charmed baryons $\lamc,~\xin,~\xip$ and $Ω_c^0$ into an octet baryon and a pseudoscalar meson are analyzed. The nonfactorizable contributions are evaluated under pole approximation, and it turns out that the $s$-wave amplitudes are dominated by the low-lying $\halfm$ resonances, while $p$-wave ones governed by the ground-state $\halfp$ poles. The MIT bag model is employed to calculate the coupling constants, form factors and baryon matrix elements. Our conclusions are: (i) $s$ waves are no longer dominated by commutator terms; the current-algebra method is certainly not applicable to parity-violating amplitudes, (ii) nonfactorizable $W$ exchange effects are generally important; they can be comparable to and somtimes even dominate over factorizable contributions, depending on the decay modes under consideration, (iii) large-$N_c$ approximation for factorizable amplitudes also works in the heavy baryon sector and it accounts for the color nonsuppression of $\lamc\ri p\bar{K}^0$ relative to $\lamc\riΛπ^+$, (iv) a measurement of the decay rate and the sign of the $α$ asymmetry parameter of certain proposed decay modes will help discern various models; especially the sign of $α$ in $\lamc\riΣπ$ decays can be used to unambiguously differentiate recent theoretical schemes from current algebra, and (v) $p$ waves are the dominant contributions to the decays $\lamc\riΞ^0 K^+$ and $\xin\riΣ^+ K^-$, but they are subject to a large cancellation; this renders present theoretical predictions on these two channels unreliable.
description: PHYZZX, 31 pages, 3 tables, IP-ASTP-10-93, ITP-SB-93-20
Medium-induced gluon emission via transverse and longitudinal scattering in dense nuclear matter
Creators: name: Zhang, Le
name: Hou, De-Fu
name: Qin, Guang-You
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the medium-induced gluon emission from a hard quark jet traversing the dense nuclear matter within the framework of deep inelastic scattering off a large nucleus. We extend the previous work and compute the single gluon emission spectrum including both transverse and longitudinal momentum exchanges between the hard jet parton and the medium constituents. On the other hand, with only transverse scattering and using static scattering centers for the traversed medium, our induced gluon emission spectrum in the soft gluon limit reduces to the Gyulassy-Levai-Vitev one-rescattering-one-emission formula.
description: 16 pages, 13 figures
MIGNEX Handbook Chapter 3 - Data management plan
Creators: name: Carling, Jørgen
name: Czaika, Mathias
name: Duquenne, Anne
name: Erdal, Marta Bivand
name: Hagen-Zanker, Jessica
name: Ivanova, Mira
name: Vargas-Silva, Carlos
Publisher: name: Peace Research Institute Oslo
Year: 2024

description: MIGNEX will collect and analyse a large amount of data in different forms. Well-planned data management is essential for using our resources efficiently, achieving our analytical objectives, and making the data a valuable part of our output.

Key Takeaways

We will produce four data sets, of which at least three will be openly archived.

Our data security measures seek to minimize the likelihood and consequences of (1) unauthorized data access and (2) data corruption or loss.

We make our work more efficient and secure by following a detailed and logical system for organizing and naming files and folders.
Doping dependence of the vortex-core energy in bilayer films of cuprates
Creators: name: Benfatto, L.
name: Castellani, C.
name: Giamarchi, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The energy needed to create a vortex core is the basic ingredient to address the physics of thermal vortex fluctuations in underdoped cuprates. Here we theoretically investigate its role on the occurrence of the Beresinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition in a bilayer film with inhomogeneity. From the comparison with recent measurements of the penetration depth in two-unit cell thin films of Y$_{1-x}$Ca$_{x}$Ba$_{2}$Cu$_{3}$O$_{7-\d}$ (YBCO) by Hetel et al. [Nat. Phys. 3, 700 (2007)] we can extract the value of the vortex-core energy $μ$, and show that $μ$ scales linearly with $T_c$ at low doping.
description: 4pages, 3 figures. References added, final version
Revisiting the SABRA Model: Statics and Dynamics
Creators: name: Tom, Rithwik
name: Ray, Samriddhi Sankar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the two-dimensional SABRA model, in the light of recent results of Frisch {\it et al.} [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 108}, 074501 (2012)] and examine, systematically, the interplay between equilibrium states and cascade (turbulent) solutions, characterised by a single parameter $b$, via equal-time and time-dependent structure functions. We calculate the static and dynamic exponents across the equipartition as well as turbulent regimes which are consistent with earlier studies. Our results indicate the absence of a sharp transition from equipartition to turbulent states. Indeed, we find that the SABRA model mimics true two-dimensional turbulence only asymptotically as $b\to-2$.
description: 6 pages; 5 figures
title: ADCO, Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome VIII, Cart. 192 (11 H 77), 295 folios, f. 0220r
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2012
name: Petot, Frédéric
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: cartulaire

description: Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome VIII, Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 192 (11 H 77), 295 folios, f. 0220r, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Bibliographic citation: Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome VIII, Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 192 (11 H 77), 295 folios, f. 0220r, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
Multiscale velocity correlations in turbulence and Burgers turbulence: Fusion rules, Markov processes in scale, and multifractal predictions
Creators: name: Friedrich, Jan
name: Margazoglou, Georgios
name: Biferale, Luca
name: Grauer, Rainer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare different approaches towards an effective description of multi-scale velocity field correlations in turbulence. Predictions made by the operator product expansion, the so-called fusion rules, are placed in juxtaposition to an approach that interprets the turbulent energy cascade in terms of a Markov process of velocity increments in scale. We explicitly show that the fusion rules are a direct consequence of the Markov property provided that the structure functions exhibit scaling in the inertial range. Furthermore, the limit case of joint velocity gradient and velocity increment statistics is discussed and put into the context of the notion of dissipative anomaly. We generalize a prediction made by the multifractal (MF) approach derived in [Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 3244 (1998)] to correlations among inertial range velocity increment and velocity gradients of any order. We show that for the case of squared velocity gradients such a relation can be derived from "first principles" in the case of Burgers equation. Our results are benchmarked by intensive direct numerical simulations of Burgers turbulence.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures
Additional file 2 of Statistical modeling of gut microbiota for personalized health status monitoring
Creators: name: Zhu, Jinlin
name: Xie, Heqiang
name: Yang, Zixin
name: Chen, Jing
name: Yin, Jialin
name: Tian, Peijun
name: Wang, Hongchao
name: Zhao, Jianxin
name: Zhang, Hao
name: Lu, Wenwei
name: Chen, Wei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additionalfile 2.
Electrostatic control of quantum dot entanglement induced by coupling to external reservoirs
Creators: name: del Valle, Elena
name: Laussy, Fabrice P.
name: Tejedor, Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a quantum transport experiment to prepare and measure charge-entanglement between two electrostatically defined quantum dots. Coherent population trapping, as realized in cavity quantum electrodynamics, can be carried out by using a third quantum dot to play the role of the optical cavity. In our proposal, a pumping which is quantum mechanically indistinguishable for the quantum dots drives the system into a state with a high degree of entanglement. The whole effect can be switched on and off by means of a gate potential allowing both state preparation and entanglement detection by simply measuring the total current.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, Latex2e with EPL macros, to appear in Europhysics Letters
Observing of the super-Planckian near-field thermal radiation between graphene sheets
Creators: name: Yang, Jiang
name: Su, Yishu
name: Fu, Yang
name: Gong, Shaoxiang
name: Du, Wei
name: He, Sailing
name: Ma, Yungui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermal radiation can be substantially enhanced in the near-field scenario due to the tunneling of evanescent waves. The monolayer graphene could play a vital role in this process owning to its strong infrared plasmonic response, however, which still lacks an experimental verification due to the technical challenges. Here, we manage to make a direct measurement about plasmon-mediated thermal radiation between two macroscopic graphene sheets using a custom-made setup. Super-Planckian radiation with efficiency 4.5 times larger than the blackbody limit is observed at a 430-nm vacuum gap on insulating silicon hosting substrates. The positive role of graphene plasmons is further confirmed on conductive silicon substrates which have strong infrared loss and thermal emittance. Based on these, a thermophotovoltaic cell made of the graphene-silicon heterostructure is lastly discussed. The current work validates the classic thermodynamical theory in treating graphene and also paves a way to pursue the application of near-field thermal management.
description: 5
title: The Bank of Canada 2015 Retailer Survey on the Cost of Payment Methods: Sampling
Creators: name: Welte, Angelika
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2017

description: In 2015, the Bank of Canada undertook the large-scale Retailer Survey on the Cost of Payment Methods. This paper describes and discusses the sampling methodology used in this survey, with a focus on the challenges of voluntary business surveys. Recommendations for sampling strategies in future retailer surveys are offered.
description: En 2015, la Banque du Canada a mené une enquête de grande ampleur sur les coûts des différents modes de paiement pour les détaillants. Dans ce document, nous décrivons et examinons les méthodes d’échantillonnage alors utilisées, particulièrement les difficultés que posent les enquêtes à participation volontaire réalisées auprès d’entreprises. Nous recommandons également des stratégies d’échantillonnage pour les futures enquêtes auprès des détaillants.
Quantum chemistry calculations on a trapped-ion quantum simulator
Creators: name: Hempel, Cornelius
name: Maier, Christine
name: Romero, Jonathan
name: McClean, Jarrod
name: Monz, Thomas
name: Shen, Heng
name: Jurcevic, Petar
name: Lanyon, Ben
name: Love, Peter
name: Babbush, Ryan
name: Aspuru-Guzik, Alan
name: Blatt, Rainer
name: Roos, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum-classical hybrid algorithms are emerging as promising candidates for near-term practical applications of quantum information processors in a wide variety of fields ranging from chemistry to physics and materials science. We report on the experimental implementation of such an algorithm to solve a quantum chemistry problem, using a digital quantum simulator based on trapped ions. Specifically, we implement the variational quantum eigensolver algorithm to calculate the molecular ground state energies of two simple molecules and experimentally demonstrate and compare different encoding methods using up to four qubits. Furthermore, we discuss the impact of measurement noise as well as mitigation strategies and indicate the potential for adaptive implementations focused on reaching chemical accuracy, which may serve as a cross-platform benchmark for multi-qubit quantum simulators.
description: 22 pages, 14 figures, close to published version (freely available at PRX)
title: The Bank of Canada 2015 Retailer Survey on the Cost of Payment Methods: Nonresponse
Creators: name: Hatko, Stan
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2017

description: Nonresponse is a considerable challenge in the Retailer Survey on the Cost of Payment Methods conducted by the Bank of Canada in 2015. There are two types of nonresponse in this survey: unit nonresponse, in which a business does not reply to the entire survey, and item nonresponse, in which a business does not respond to particular questions within the survey. Both types may create a bias when computing statistics such as means and weighted totals for different variables. This technical report analyzes solutions to fix the problem of nonresponse in the survey data. Unit nonresponse is addressed through response probability adjustment, in which response probabilities are modelled using logistic regression (a clustering approach for the unit response probabilities is also considered) and are used in the construction of a set of survey weights. Item nonresponse is addressed through imputation, in which the gradient boosting machine (GBM) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithms are used to predict missing values for variables of interest.
description: Dans l’enquête que la Banque du Canada a menée en 2015 sur les coûts des différents modes de paiement pour les détaillants, la non-réponse est un défi majeur. Elle se présente sous deux formes dans l’enquête en question : la non-réponse totale (une entreprise ne participe pas du tout à l’enquête) et la non-réponse partielle (une entreprise ne répond pas à certaines questions de l’enquête). Ces deux formes peuvent causer un biais dans les calculs statistiques tels que les moyennes et les totaux pondérés de différentes variables. Dans ce rapport technique, nous analysons les solutions qui permettraient de régler le problème des non-réponses dans les données d’enquête. Pour résoudre celui de la non-réponse totale, nous proposons d’ajuster les probabilités de réponse : ces dernières sont modélisées par régression logistique (le recours à une approche par grappes est également envisagé) et servent à la construction d’une série de pondérations d’enquête. Quant au problème de la non-réponse partielle, nous proposons de le résoudre par imputation. À cet effet, nous utilisons des algorithmes d’apprentissage automatique tels que « gradient boosting machine » et « extreme gradient boosting » pour prédire les valeurs manquantes des variables d’intérêt.
GRB neutrinos, Lorenz Invariance Violation and the influence of background cosmology
Creators: name: Biesiada, Marek
name: Piórkowska, Aleksandra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Modern ideas in quantum gravity predict the possibility of Lorenz Invariance Violation (LIV) manifested e.g. by energy dependent modification of standard relativistic dispersion relation. In a recent paper Jacob and Piran proposed that time of flight delays in high energy neutrinos emitted by gamma ray bursts (GRBs) located at cosmological distances can become a valuable tool for setting limits on LIV theories. However, current advances in observational cosmology suggest that our Universe is dominated by dark energy with relatively little guidance on its nature thus leading to several cosmological scenarios compatible with observations. In this paper we raise the issue of how important, in the context of testing LIV theories, is our knowledge of background cosmological model. Specifically we calculate expected time lags for high-energy (100 TeV) neutrinos in different cosmological models. Out of many particular models of dark energy we focus on five: $Λ$CDM, quintessence, quintessence with time varying equation of state, brane-world and generalized Chaplygin gas model as representative for various competing approaches. The result is that uncertainty introduced by our ignorance concerning the right phenomenological model describing dark energy dominated universe is considerable and may obscure bounds derived from studying time delays from cosmological sources.
description: Accepted for publication in JCAP. 10 pages, 3 figures
Turner, Harris & Colodny: Academic Freedom in Pittsburgh
Creators: name: Peterson, Cris
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: 130103 Higher Education
subject: FOS: Educational sciences

description: In 1934, Ralph Turner lost his job at the University of Pittsburgh on what can only be called the infringement of his academic freedom rights. Roy Harris, a professor and composer-in-residence at the Pennsylvania College for Women, suffered similar persecution in 1951 but kept his job. Less than 10 years later, again at the University of Pittsburgh, Professor Robert Colodny's position was jeopardized by accusations that he had Communist sympathies. In short, in less than 30 years, the city of Pittsburgh saw three, fairly high profile cases in which academic freedom was compromised or called into question. Ralph Turner was not reinstated in his position, and yet, in the other two cases, both Harris and Colodny retained their jobs. What changed in thirty years to make the cases so different and have different outcomes? A lot of the reason is inherent to the development of academic freedom and the changes it has faced in its relatively short history. Most of this history revolves around the involvement of the American Association of University Professors (henceforth known as the AAUP). It is obvious that as the AAUP became more powerful, academic freedom became a more prevalent and important issue not only to those in the academic profession, but to society as a whole. Additionally, the rise of the mass media also played a significant role. These elements, combined with the more specific details of each case, are what caused the three cases to conclude differently.
Effects of thermal fluctuations in the fragmentation of a nano-ligament
Creators: name: Xue, Xiao
name: Sbragaglia, Mauro
name: Biferale, Luca
name: Toschi, Federico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effects of thermally induced capillary waves in the fragmentation of a liquid ligament into multiple nano-droplets. Our numerical implementation is based on a fluctuating lattice Boltzmann (LB) model for non-ideal multicomponent fluids, including non-equilibrium stochastic fluxes mimicking the effects of molecular forces at the nanoscales. We quantitatively analyze the statistical distribution of the break-up times and the droplet volumes after the fragmentation process, at changing the two relevant length scales of the problem, i.e., the thermal length-scale and the ligament size. The robustness of the observed findings is also corroborated by quantitative comparisons with the predictions of sharp interface hydrodynamics. Beyond the practical importance of our findings for nanofluidic engineering devices, our study also explores a novel application of LB in the realm of nanofluidic phenomena.
Probing vorticity structure in heavy-ion collisions by local $Λ$ polarization
Creators: name: Xia, Xiao-Liang
name: Li, Hui
name: Tang, Zebo
name: Wang, Qun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the local structure of the vorticity field and the $Λ$ polarization in Au+Au collisions in the energy range $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=7.7$--$200$ GeV and Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2760$ GeV using A Multi-Phase Transport (AMPT) model. We focus on the vorticity field arising from the non-uniform expansion of the fireball, which gives the circular structure of the transverse vorticity $\boldsymbolω_{\perp}=(ω_{x},ω_{y})$ around the $z$ direction as well as the quadrupole pattern of the longitudinal vorticity $ω_{z}$ in the transverse plane. As a consequence, the three components of the polarization vector $\mathbf{P}=(P_{x},P_{y},P_{z})$ for $Λ$ hyperons show harmonic behaviors as $\mathrm{sgn}(Y)\sinϕ_{p}$, $-\mathrm{sgn}(Y)\cosϕ_{p}$, and $-\sin(2ϕ_{p})$, where $ϕ_{p}$ and $Y$ are the azimuthal angle and rapidity in momentum space. These patterns of the local $Λ$ polarization are expected to be tested in future experiments.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures. One table, one figure and references added. Discussions in Sec III and IV improved. To appear in Phys. Rev. C
Dust, pulsation, chromospheres and their role in driving mass loss from red giants in Galactic globular clusters
Creators: name: McDonald, Iain
name: van Loon, Jacco Th.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context: Mass loss from red giants in old globular clusters affects the horizontal branch (HB) morphology and post-HB stellar evolution including the production of ultraviolet-bright stars, dredge up of nucleosynthesis products and replenishment of the intra-cluster medium. Studies of mass loss in globular clusters also allows one to investigate the metallicity dependence of the mass loss from cool, low-mass stars down to very low metallicities. Aims: We present an analysis of new VLT/UVES spectra of 47 red giants in the Galactic globular clusters 47 Tuc (NGC 104), NGC 362, omega Cen (NGC 5139), NGC 6388, M54 (NGC 6715) and M15 (NGC 7078). The spectra cover the wavelength region 6100-9900A at a resolving power of R = 110,000. Some of these stars are known to exhibit mid-infrared excess emission indicative of circumstellar dust. Our aim is to detect signatures of mass loss, identify the mechanism(s) responsible for such outflows, and measure the mass-loss rates. Methods: We determine for each star its effective temperature, luminosity, radius and escape velocity. We analyse the H-alpha and near-infrared calcium triplet lines for evidence of outflows, pulsation and chromospheric activity, and present a simple model for estimating mass-loss rates from the H-alpha line profile. We compare our results with a variety of other, independent methods. Results: We argue that a chromosphere persists in Galactic globular cluster giants and controls the mass-loss rate to late-K/early-M spectral types, where pulsation becomes strong enough to drive shock waves at luminosities above the RGB tip. This transition may be metallicity-dependent. We find mass-loss rates of ~10^-7 to 10^-5 solar masses per year, largely independent of metallicity.
description: 23 pages, 17 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
title: Analyzing and Forecasting the Canadian Economy through the LENS Model
Creators: name: Gervais, Olivier
name: Gosselin, Marc-André
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2014

description: The authors describe the key features of a new large-scale Canadian macroeconomic forecasting model developed over the past two years at the Bank of Canada. The new model, called LENS for Large Empirical and Semi-structural model, uses a methodology similar to the Federal Reserve Board’s FRB/US model and the Bank of Canada’s projection model of the U.S. economy (MUSE). LENS is based on a system of estimated reduced-form equations that describe the interactions among key macroeconomic variables. The model strikes a balance between theoretical structure and empirical properties, since most behavioural equations combine forward-looking expectations with adjustment costs. Compared to ToTEM, the Bank’s main model for projection and policy analysis, LENS is more driven by the empirical properties of the data than economic theory and generally provides better out-of-sample forecast performance. In addition, LENS is more disaggregated, thereby allowing the analysis of a broader set of issues related to the economic outlook. These properties will make LENS a useful complement to ToTEM for constructing economic projections at the Bank of Canada.
description: Les auteurs exposent les principales caractéristiques d’un nouveau modèle de prévision macroéconomique de grande taille pour le Canada. Élaboré à la Banque du Canada au cours des deux dernières années, ce nouveau modèle du nom de LENS (Large Empirical and Semi-structural model; grand modèle empirique et semi-structurel) utilise une méthode semblable à celle du modèle FRB/US mis au point par la Réserve fédérale américaine et à celle de MUSE (modèle prévisionnel de l’économie américaine) en usage à la Banque du Canada. Le modèle LENS s’appuie sur un système d’équations estimées de forme réduite qui rendent compte des différents liens existant entre les variables macroéconomiques clés. Il réalise un équilibre entre structure théorique et propriétés empiriques, puisque la plupart des équations de comportement allient anticipations prospectives et coûts d’ajustement. Comparativement à TOTEM (principal modèle de projection et d’analyse des politiques de la Banque), le modèle LENS repose davantage sur les propriétés empiriques associées aux données que sur la théorie économique, et offre habituellement une meilleure capacité de prévision hors échantillon. En outre, son degré de désagrégation est supérieur, ce qui permet d’analyser un plus large éventail de questions relatives aux perspectives économiques. Grâce à ces propriétés, le modèle LENS viendra compléter utilement le modèle TOTEM pour l’établissement des prévisions économiques à la Banque du Canada.
A Model of Universality Violation Revisited
Creators: name: Rizzo, T. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The possibility that the interactions of the third generation of quarks and leptons may violate universality by a small amount remains an open experimental question. The model of Li and Ma, which naturally accommodates such violations, is found to be highly constrained by newly obtained, high precision electroweak and $τ$-lepton data once full Standard Model radiative corrections are incorporated into the analysis. A comparison of the predictions of this model with existing data and the expectations for future colliders is presented.
description: 14 pages, 13 figures, available on request, LaTex, ANL-HEP-PR-93-20
A Precision Search for WIMPs with Charged Cosmic Rays
Creators: name: Reinert, Annika
name: Winkler, Martin Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: AMS-02 has reached the sensitivity to probe canonical thermal WIMPs by their annihilation into antiprotons. Due to the high precision of the data, uncertainties in the astrophysical background have become the most limiting factor for indirect dark matter detection. In this work we systematically quantify and -- where possible -- reduce uncertainties in the antiproton background. We constrain the propagation of charged cosmic rays through the combination of antiproton, B/C and positron data. Cross section uncertainties are determined from a wide collection of accelerator data and are -- for the first time ever -- fully taken into account. This allows us to robustly constrain even subdominant dark matter signals through their spectral properties. For a standard NFW dark matter profile we are able to exclude thermal WIMPs with masses up to 570 GeV which annihilate into bottom quarks. While we confirm a reported excess compatible with dark matter of mass around 80 GeV, its local (global) significance only reaches 2.2 sigma (1.1 sigma) in our analysis.
description: 38 pages + references, 14 figures
Automatic Pattern Classification by Unsupervised Learning Using Dimensionality Reduction of Data with Mirroring Neural Networks
Creators: name: Deepthi, Dasika Ratna
name: Krishna, G. R. Aditya
name: Eswaran, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper proposes an unsupervised learning technique by using Multi-layer Mirroring Neural Network and Forgy's clustering algorithm. Multi-layer Mirroring Neural Network is a neural network that can be trained with generalized data inputs (different categories of image patterns) to perform non-linear dimensionality reduction and the resultant low-dimensional code is used for unsupervised pattern classification using Forgy's algorithm. By adapting the non-linear activation function (modified sigmoidal function) and initializing the weights and bias terms to small random values, mirroring of the input pattern is initiated. In training, the weights and bias terms are changed in such a way that the input presented is reproduced at the output by back propagating the error. The mirroring neural network is capable of reducing the input vector to a great degree (approximately 1/30th the original size) and also able to reconstruct the input pattern at the output layer from this reduced code units. The feature set (output of central hidden layer) extracted from this network is fed to Forgy's algorithm, which classify input data patterns into distinguishable classes. In the implementation of Forgy's algorithm, initial seed points are selected in such a way that they are distant enough to be perfectly grouped into different categories. Thus a new method of unsupervised learning is formulated and demonstrated in this paper. This method gave impressive results when applied to classification of different image patterns.
description: Presented in IEEE International Conference on Advances in Computer Vision and Information Technology (ACVIT-07), Nov. 28-30 2007
Renormalization group for the $φ^4$-theory with long-range interaction and the critical exponent $η$ of the Ising model
Creators: name: Goll, Raphael
name: Kopietz, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the critical exponent $η$ of the $D$-dimensional Ising model from a simple truncation of the functional renormalization group flow equations for a scalar field theory with long-range interaction. Our approach relies on the smallness of the inverse range of the interaction and on the assumption that the Ginzburg momentum defining the width of the scaling regime in momentum space is larger than the scale where the renormalized interaction crosses over from long-range to short-range; the numerical value of $η$ can then be estimated by stopping the renormalization group flow at this scale. In three dimensions our result $η= 0.03651$ is in good agreement with recent conformal bootstrap and Monte Carlo calculations. We extend our calculations to fractional dimensions $D$ and obtain the resulting critical exponent $η(D)$ between two and four dimensions. For dimensions $2\leq D \leq 3$ our result for $η$ is consistent with previous calculations.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
An introduction to Graph Data Management
Creators: name: Angles, Renzo
name: Gutierrez, Claudio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A graph database is a database where the data structures for the schema and/or instances are modeled as a (labeled)(directed) graph or generalizations of it, and where querying is expressed by graph-oriented operations and type constructors. In this article we present the basic notions of graph databases, give an historical overview of its main development, and study the main current systems that implement them.