cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Unveiling the Potential of AI in Plastic Surgery Education: A Comparative Study of Leading AI Platforms’ Performance on In-training Examinations
Creators: name: Khan, Kamran
name: DiDonna, Nicole
name: Shetty, Pragna N.
name: Damitz, Lynn
Publisher: name: Wolters Kluwer
Year: 2024

description: Background: Within the last few years, artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots have sparked fascination for their potential as an educational tool. Although it has been documented that one such chatbot, ChatGPT, is capable of performing at a moderate level on plastic surgery examinations and has the capacity to become a beneficial educational tool, the potential of other chatbots remains unexplored.
Methods: To investigate the efficacy of AI chatbots in plastic surgery education, performance on the 2019-2023 Plastic Surgery In-service Training Examination (PSITE) was compared among seven popular AI platforms: ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4.0, Google Bard, Google PaLM, Microsoft Bing AI, Claude, and My AI by Snapchat. Answers were evaluated for accuracy and incorrect responses were characterized by question category and error type.
Results: ChatGPT-4.0 outperformed the other platforms, reaching accuracy rates up to 79%. On the 2023 PSITE, ChatGPT-4.0 ranked in the 95th percentile of first-year residents; however, relative performance worsened when compared with upper-level residents, with the platform ranking in the 12th percentile of sixth-year residents. The performance among other chatbots was comparable, with their average PSITE score (2019-2023) ranging from 48.6% to 57.0%.
Conclusions: Results of our study indicate that ChatGPT-4.0 has potential as an educational tool in the field of plastic surgery; however, given their poor performance on the PSITE, the use of other chatbots should be cautioned against at this time. To our knowledge, this is the first article comparing the performance of multiple AI chatbots within the realm of plastic surgery education.
The Relationship between Major Depression Symptom Severity and Sleep Collected Using a Wristband Wearable Device: Multi-centre Longitudinal Observational Study
Creators: name: Zhang, Yuezhou
name: Folarin, Amos A
name: Sun, Shaoxiong
name: Cummins, Nicholas
name: Ranjan, Rebecca Bendayan Yatharth
name: Rashid, Zulqarnain
name: Conde, Pauline
name: Stewart, Callum
name: Laiou, Petroula
name: Matcham, Faith
name: White, Katie
name: Lamers, Femke
name: Siddi, Sara
name: Simblett, Sara
name: Myin-Germeys, Inez
name: Rintala, Aki
name: Wykes, Til
name: Haro, Josep Maria
name: Pennix, Brenda WJH
name: Narayan, Vaibhav A
name: Hotopf, Matthew
name: Dobson, Richard JB
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Research in mental health has implicated sleep pathologies with depression. However, the gold standard for sleep assessment, polysomnography, is not suitable for long-term, continuous, monitoring of daily sleep, and methods such as sleep diaries rely on subjective recall, which is qualitative and inaccurate. Wearable devices, on the other hand, provide a low-cost and convenient means to monitor sleep in home settings. The main aim of this study was to devise and extract sleep features, from data collected using a wearable device, and analyse their correlation with depressive symptom severity and sleep quality, as measured by the self-assessed Patient Health Questionnaire 8-item. Daily sleep data were collected passively by Fitbit wristband devices, and depressive symptom severity was self-reported every two weeks by the PHQ-8. The data used in this paper included 2,812 PHQ-8 records from 368 participants recruited from three study sites in the Netherlands, Spain, and the UK.We extracted 21 sleep features from Fitbit data which describe sleep in the following five aspects: sleep architecture, sleep stability, sleep quality, insomnia, and hypersomnia. Linear mixed regression models were used to explore associations between sleep features and depressive symptom severity. The z-test was used to evaluate the significance of the coefficient of each feature. We tested our models on the entire dataset and individually on the data of three different study sites. We identified 16 sleep features that were significantly correlated with the PHQ-8 score on the entire dataset. Associations between sleep features and the PHQ-8 score varied across different sites, possibly due to the difference in the populations.
On Asymptotic Normality of the Local Polynomial Regression Estimator with Stochastic Bandwidths
Creators: name: Martins-Filho, Carlos
name: Saraiva, Paulo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Nonparametric density and regression estimators commonly depend on a bandwidth. The asymptotic properties of these estimators have been widely studied when bandwidths are nonstochastic. In practice, however, in order to improve finite sample performance of these estimators, bandwidths are selected by data driven methods, such as cross-validation or plug-in procedures. As a result nonparametric estimators are usually constructed using stochastic bandwidths. In this paper we establish the asymptotic equivalence in probability of local polynomial regression estimators under stochastic and nonstochastic bandwidths. Our result extends previous work by Boente and Fraiman (1995) and Ziegler (2004).
description: 18 pages, 2 figures
Life at the crossroads: the nuclear LINC complex and vascular mechanotransduction
Creators: name: Bautch, Victoria L.
name: Bougaran, Pauline
Publisher: name: Frontiers
Year: 2024

description: Vascular endothelial cells line the inner surface of all blood vessels, where they are exposed to polarized mechanical forces throughout their lifespan. Both basal substrate interactions and apical blood flow-induced shear stress regulate blood vessel development, remodeling, and maintenance of vascular homeostasis. Disruption of these interactions leads to dysfunction and vascular pathologies, although how forces are sensed and integrated to affect endothelial cell behaviors is incompletely understood. Recently the endothelial cell nucleus has emerged as a prominent force-transducing organelle that participates in vascular mechanotransduction, via communication to and from cell-cell and cell-matrix junctions. The LINC complex, composed of SUN and nesprin proteins, spans the nuclear membranes and connects the nuclear lamina, the nuclear envelope, and the cytoskeleton. Here we review LINC complex involvement in endothelial cell mechanotransduction, describe unique and overlapping functions of each LINC complex component, and consider emerging evidence that two major SUN proteins, SUN1 and SUN2, orchestrate a complex interplay that extends outward to cell-cell and cell-matrix junctions and inward to interactions within the nucleus and chromatin. We discuss these findings in relation to vascular pathologies such as Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, a premature aging disorder with cardiovascular impairment. More knowledge of LINC complex regulation and function will help to understand how the nucleus participates in endothelial cell force sensing and how dysfunction leads to cardiovascular disease.
Alt-Caffarelli-Friedman monotonicity formula and mean value properties in Carnot groups with applications
Creators: name: Ferrari, Fausto
name: Forcillo, Nicolò
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35R03 (Primary) 35R35 (Secondary)

description: In this paper we provide a different approach to the Alt-Caffarelli-Friedman monotonicity formula, reducing the problem to test the monotone increasing behavior of the mean value of a function involving the norm of the gradient. In particular, we show that our argument holds in the general framework of Carnot groups.
Reconfigurable Slotted Antenna Inspired by Multidimensional Modulation
Creators: name: Wu, Nan-Shu
name: Xu, Su
name: Wang, Zuojia
name: Sun, Hong-Bo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multidimensional modulation was widely studied in the past decades due to the explosive development of modern wireless communication. Here, we propose a spirally reconfigurable slotted antenna inspired by the multidimensional modulation. The amplitude, phase, and frequency-shift modulation are analog by integrating three-dimensional mechanical switching to a spiral slotted antenna. The maximum gain of the reconfigurable antenna can be adjusted in the type of 2 encoding bits at 9.5 GHz. Our work may pave the way to a high-performance reconfigurable antenna for 6G communication.
24th OpenAIRE Content Providers Community Call
Creators: name: Príncipe, Pedro
name: Pispiringas, Leonidas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: OpenAIRE
OpenAIRE Provide
Guidelines
EOSC onboarding

description: OpenAIRE Content Providers Community Call, November 9th, 2022. Main topics: Updates in the Dashboard Campaign to upgrade the compatible level of registered data sources OpenAIRE PROVIDE: https://provide.openaire.eu/ Recording: https://youtu.be/5hxt5d_FIi0 Community Calls for Content Providers: www.openaire.eu/provide-community-calls
Effect of yttrium substitution on the superconducting properties of the system La$_{1-\textit{x}}$Y$_{\textit{x}}$O$_{0.5}$F$_{0.5}$BiS$_{2}$
Creators: name: Jeon, I.
name: Yazici, D.
name: White, B. D.
name: Friedman, A. J.
name: Maple, M. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the effect of yttrium substitution on superconductivity in the La$_{1-\textit{x}}$Y$_{\textit{x}}$O$_{0.5}$F$_{0.5}$BiS$_{2}$ system. Polycrystalline samples with nominal Y concentrations up to 40% were synthesized and characterized via electrical resistivity, magnetic susceptibility, and specific heat measurements. Y substitution reduces the lattice parameter \textit{a} and unit cell volume \textit{V}, and a correlation between the lattice parameter \textit{c}, the La-O-La bond angle, and the superconducting critical temperature $T_c$ is observed. The chemical pressure induced by Y substitution for La produces neither the high-$T_c$ superconducting phase nor the structural phase transition seen in LaO$_{0.5}$F$_{0.5}$BiS$_{2}$ under externally applied pressure.
ExPAN(N)D: Exploring Posits for Efficient Artificial Neural Network Design in FPGA-based Systems
Creators: name: Nambi, Suresh
name: Ullah, Salim
name: Lohana, Aditya
name: Sahoo, Siva Satyendra
name: Merchant, Farhad
name: Kumar, Akash
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The recent advances in machine learning, in general, and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), in particular, has made smart embedded systems an attractive option for a larger number of application areas. However, the high computational complexity, memory footprints, and energy requirements of machine learning models hinder their deployment on resource-constrained embedded systems. Most state-of-the-art works have considered this problem by proposing various low bit-width data representation schemes, optimized arithmetic operators' implementations, and different complexity reduction techniques such as network pruning. To further elevate the implementation gains offered by these individual techniques, there is a need to cross-examine and combine these techniques' unique features. This paper presents ExPAN(N)D, a framework to analyze and ingather the efficacy of the Posit number representation scheme and the efficiency of fixed-point arithmetic implementations for ANNs. The Posit scheme offers a better dynamic range and higher precision for various applications than IEEE $754$ single-precision floating-point format. However, due to the dynamic nature of the various fields of the Posit scheme, the corresponding arithmetic circuits have higher critical path delay and resource requirements than the single-precision-based arithmetic units. Towards this end, we propose a novel Posit to fixed-point converter for enabling high-performance and energy-efficient hardware implementations for ANNs with minimal drop in the output accuracy. We also propose a modified Posit-based representation to store the trained parameters of a network. Compared to an $8$-bit fixed-point-based inference accelerator, our proposed implementation offers $\approx46\%$ and $\approx18\%$ reductions in the storage requirements of the parameters and energy consumption of the MAC units, respectively.
Efficacy and Safety of Liraglutide in Patients With an Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis and Chronic High Bowel Frequency: A Placebo-Controlled, Crossover, Proof-of-Concept Study.
Creators: name: Long, Millie D
name: Anderson, Chelsea
name: English, Emily
name: Herfarth, Hans
name: Buse, John B
name: Hansen, Jonathan J
name: Barnes, Edward L
Publisher: name: Wolters Kluwer
Year: 2024

description: INTRODUCTION: After colectomy with ileoanal pouch anastomosis (IPAA), many patients develop high bowel frequency (BF) refractory to antimotility agents, despite normal IPAA morphology. Low circulating levels of glucagon-like protein-1 (GLP-1), a modulator of gastroduodenal motility, have been reported after colectomy.
METHODS: Double-blind crossover study of 8 IPAA patients with refractory high BF treated with daily administration of the GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide or placebo.
RESULTS: Liraglutide, but not placebo, reduced daily BF by more than 35% ( P < 0.03).
DISCUSSION: Larger randomized controlled studies are warranted to delineate the treatment potential of GLP-1 receptor agonists in IPAA patients suffering from noninflammatory high BF.
Relationship between EUV microflares and small-scale magnetic fields in the quiet Sun
Creators: name: Jiang, Fayu
name: Zhang, Jun
name: Yang, Shuhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Microflares are small dynamic signatures observed in X-ray and extreme-ultraviolet channels. Because of their impulsive emission enhancements and wide distribution, they are thought to be closely related to coronal heating. By using the high resolution 171 Å images from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly and the lines-of-sight magnetograms obtained by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory, we trace 10794 microflares in a quiet region near the disk center with a field of view of 960 arcsec $\times$ 1068 arcsec during 24 hr. The microflares have an occurrence rate of 4.4 $\times$ 10$^{3}$ hr$^{-1}$ extrapolated over the whole Sun. Their average brightness, size, and lifetime are 1.7 I$_{0}$(of the quiet Sun), 9.6 Mm$^{2}$, and 3.6 min, respectively. There exists a mutual positive correlation between the microflares' brightness, area and lifetime. In general, the microflares distribute uniformly across the solar disk, but form network patterns locally, which are similar to and matched with the magnetic network structures. Typical cases show that the microflares prefer to occur in magnetic cancellation regions of network boundaries. We roughly calculate the upper limit of energy flux supplied by the microflares and find that the result is still a factor of $\sim$15 below the coronal heating requirement.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
Constraints on subjects: an optimality theoretic analysis
Creators: name: Samek-Lodovici, Vieri
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 1996

description: This dissertation argues for an Optimality Theoretic analysis of null subjecthood, subject inversion, agreement and structural case assignment. It does so on the basis of the hypothesis that an analysis in terms of the interaction of violable, conflicting constraints adds to the deductive structure of linguistic explanations while simplifying the definition of the relevant syntactic modules.Among the most relevant results is a unified analysis of the crosslinguistic and language-internal distribution of null and inverted subjects. An initial investigation shows that subjects are null when referring to antecedents with topic status, and inverted when focused, a result formalized through the constraints DROPTOPIC and ALIGNFOCUS. The interaction between these constraints and the constraints SUBJECT and PARSE, favoring subjects in preverbal subject position, determines the distribution of null subjects language-internally and crosslinguistically, eliminating the need for an independent pro-drop parameter (Grimshaw & Samek-Lodovici 1995).A second result concerns expletives, whose language specific inventories are shown to follow to a high degree from the interaction between the above constraints and FULL-INT, a constraint requiring that all constituents be interpreted. This shows that expletive inventories can be derived by way of grammar, with no recourse to lexical stipulation (Prince & Smolensky 1993, Grimshaw 1995, Grimshaw & Samek-Lodovici 1995). The analysis also predicts the universal ban on overt expletives in null subject languages.A similar result is pursued with respect to agreement, which is derived by means of three general agreement constraint-schemata.Finally, the position of subjects and their case assignment configuration in Italian declaratives, gerundives and subjunctives are derived from the interaction between CASEGOV, a constraint requiring case assignment under proper government, and the other constraints of UG. Once reranked, the same constraints derive declaratives in Arabic and infinitivals with overt subjects in English and Portuguese, with no appeal to a parametric account of abstract case assignment.Crucially, the analysis of crosslinguistic variation consistently turns out to be closely tied with the analysis of language-internal variation, as predicted by an Optimality Theoretic approach to Syntax.
OAWeek: OpenAIRE EXPLORE: Discovering research with focus on Sustainable Development Goals and Fields of Science classifications
Creators: name: Galouni, Konstantina
name: Papageorgiou, Haris
name: Kotitsas, Sotiris
name: Pappas, Dimitris
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Open science
UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
UN Fields of Science (FoS)
research results
research graph
Open Science metrics
Open Science statistics

description: As per tradition, OpenAIRE will actively contribute to the International Open Access Week 2022 initiatives with interactive sessions and thought-provoking panel discussions connected to the theme of this year “Open for Climate Justice”. OpenAIRE prepared two series of webinars that will showcase the different ways in which we can all work together and make Open Science a means to tackle the challenges ahead of us. This session was dedicated to OpenAIRE EXPLORE: Discovering research with focus on Sustainable Development Goals and Fields of Science classifications Speakers: - Konstantina Galouni, OpenAIRE - Haris Papageorgiou, Athena RC and other colleagues from SciNoBo - the Science No Borders team The recordings are also in Youtube - https://youtu.be/LiyseRxVa-Y
Metrical and prosodic structure in optimality theory
Creators: name: Hyde, Brett D.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2001

description: This dissertation examines four components of a theory of metrical stress-- the prosodic hierarchy, the system of prosodic prominence, the metrical grid, and the slope category system-- and investigates how Optimality Theoretic constraints restrict or facilitate interaction between them. The proposal is comprehensive in that it examines each of the basic types of stress alternation? binary, ternary, and unbounded?both in weight-sensitive and weight-insensitive systems. The proposal's focus, however, is the discrepancy between the wide range of binary patterns that standard accounts predict and the much smaller range of patterns that are actually attested. Of particular concern is the standard account?s over-generation of iambic patterns. In pursuit of greater restrictiveness, the proposed approach departs from the structural assumptions of current approaches in several ways. The proposed account insists on strict succession (or exhaustive parsing),tolerates improper bracketing, makes violable the foot-stress relationship, and allows prosodic categories to share entries on the metrical grid. The proposal also departs from the standard account in the division of labor between symmetrical constraints, such as Alignment, and asymmetrical constraints, such as Non Finality. Although Alignment still figures prominently in the proposed account, constraints like Non Finality play a more central role in establishing basic typologies. Given the structural assumptions, this shift in emphasis results in a different, and much smaller, range of predicted patterns.
Automated translation accurately translates recorded pediatric neurosurgery clinic conversations between Spanish and English
Creators: name: Black, Hannah
name: Succop, Benjamin
name: Currin, Meghan
name: Hesse, Gabriella
name: Elton, Scott Wentworth
name: Andrews, Bethany
name: Quinsey, Carolyn
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2024

description: Objective The purpose of this study is to analyze an automated voice to text translation device by reporting the translation accuracy for recorded pediatric neurosurgery clinic conversations, classifying errors in translation according to their impact on overall understanding, and comparing the incidence of these errors in English to Spanish vs. Spanish to English conversations. Methods English and Spanish speaking patients at a single academic health system’s outpatient pediatric neurosurgery clinic had their conversations recorded. These recordings were played back to a Google Pixel handheld smartphone with Live Translate voice to text translation software. A certified medical interpreter evaluated recordings for incidence of minor errors, errors impacting understanding, and catastrophic errors affecting patient-provider relationship or care. Two proportion t-testing was used to compare these outcomes. Results 50 patient visits were recorded: 40 English recordings translated to Spanish and 10 Spanish recordings translated to English. The mean transcript length was 4244 ± 992 words. The overall accuracy was 98.2% ± 0.5%. On average, 46 words were missed in translation (1.09% error rate), 31 understanding-altering translation errors (0.73% error rate), and 0 catastrophic errors were made. There was no significant difference in English to Spanish or vice versa. Conclusion Voice to text translation devices using automatic speech recognition accurately translate recorded clinic conversations between Spanish and English with high accuracy and low incidence of errors impacting medical care or understanding. Further study should investigate additional languages, assess patient preferences and potential concerns with respect to device use, and compare these devices directly to medical interpreters in live clinic settings.
Killing vector fields on Riemannian and Lorentzian 3-manifolds
Creators: name: Aazami, Amir Babak
name: Ream, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We give a complete local classification of all Riemannian 3-manifolds $(M,g)$ admitting a nonvanishing Killing vector field $T$. We then extend this classification to timelike Killing vector fields on Lorentzian 3-manifolds, which are automatically nonvanishing. The two key ingredients needed in our classification are the scalar curvature $S$ of $g$ and the function $\text{Ric}(T,T)$, where $\text{Ric}$ is the Ricci tensor; in fact their sum appears as the Gaussian curvature of the quotient metric obtained from the action of $T$. Our classification generalizes that of Sasakian structures, which is the special case when $\text{Ric}(T,T) = 2$. We also give necessary, and separately, sufficient conditions, both expressed in terms of $\text{Ric}(T,T)$, for $g$ to be locally conformally flat. We then move from the local to the global setting, and prove two results: in the event that $T$ has unit length and the coordinates derived in our classification are globally defined on $\mathbb{R}^3$, we give conditions under which $S$ completely determines when the metric will be geodesically complete. In the event that the 3-manifold $M$ is compact, we give a condition stating when it admits a metric of constant positive sectional curvature.
description: Final published version; minor changes; fixed a typo in the statement of Theorem 1
Phrase structure directionality: having a few choices
Creators: name: Zepter, Alexandra
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2003

description: The thesis claims that the linear organization of specifier, head and complement in a phrase and throughout a syntactic tree is determined by a conflict between general violable constraints on X-bar-structure. The adopted framework is Optimality Theory (cf. Prince and Smolensky 1993; in syntax, cf. Grimshaw 1997). The proposed constraint system explains why phrase structure directionality is mostly uniform and why only some non-uniform cases exist, while other logically possible kinds of mixed directionality are unattested. Central to the dissertation is the idea that head-initial oriented languages have a greater structural conflict to resolve inside their lexical projections than head-final languages: The combination of a general preference for [head - complement]-order and for a left-peripheral specifier bars the lexical head from surfacing at an edge of the phrase. The combination of a general preference for [complement - head]-order and for a left-peripheral specifier still allows alignment at one edge. This greater conflict can be resolved in different ways, which leads to slightly more variation among head-initial oriented languages: Not only do we find uniform SVO-languages, but we also find VOS-languages, VSO-languages and head-initial oriented languages with a head-final verb phrase. On the primary examples of the Mayan VOS-language Tzotzil, the 'strict' VSO-language Yosondúa Mixtec, and the 'mixed-headed' languages German and Persian, I show that mixed directionality is not arbitrary in its ways of deviating from uniformity. The proposed system derives various implicational universals capturing the persistently systematic nature of phrase structure directionality. The predictions made about the verbal domain have systematic correlations in the domain of all other categories.
Machine Learning (In) Security: A Stream of Problems
Creators: name: Ceschin, Fabrício
name: Botacin, Marcus
name: Bifet, Albert
name: Pfahringer, Bernhard
name: Oliveira, Luiz S.
name: Gomes, Heitor Murilo
name: Grégio, André
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Machine Learning (ML) has been widely applied to cybersecurity and is considered state-of-the-art for solving many of the open issues in that field. However, it is very difficult to evaluate how good the produced solutions are, since the challenges faced in security may not appear in other areas. One of these challenges is the concept drift, which increases the existing arms race between attackers and defenders: malicious actors can always create novel threats to overcome the defense solutions, which may not consider them in some approaches. Due to this, it is essential to know how to properly build and evaluate an ML-based security solution. In this paper, we identify, detail, and discuss the main challenges in the correct application of ML techniques to cybersecurity data. We evaluate how concept drift, evolution, delayed labels, and adversarial ML impact the existing solutions. Moreover, we address how issues related to data collection affect the quality of the results presented in the security literature, showing that new strategies are needed to improve current solutions. Finally, we present how existing solutions may fail under certain circumstances, and propose mitigations to them, presenting a novel checklist to help the development of future ML solutions for cybersecurity.
New York Times Upshot/Siena College: 2020 North Carolina Poll Wave 3
Creators: name: New York Times
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2023

description: Likelihood of voting (1); 2020 presidential election (8); method of voting (3); vote for or against candidates (11); republican presidential candidate Donald Trump (6); democratic presidential candidate Joe Biden (6); libertarian presidential candidate Jo Jorgenson (3); Green Party presidential candidate Howie Hawkins (3); 2020 U.S. Senate election (3); 2020 gubernatorial election (3); President Donald Trump job approval (1); favorability of politicians or political movements (4); voted in previous elections (2); presidential debate (2); democratic candidate Cal Cunningham (4); republican candidate Thom Tillis (4); libertarian candidate Shannon Bray (2); Constitution Party candidate Kevin Hayes (2); democrat candidate Roy Cooper (3); republican candidate Dan Forest (3); libertarian candidate Steven DiFiore II (2); Constitution Party candidate Al Pisano (2).
Biquadratic and ring exchange interactions in orthorhombic perovskite manganites
Creators: name: Fedorova, Natalya S.
name: Ederer, Claude
name: Spaldin, Nicola A.
name: Scaramucci, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use ab initio electronic structure calculations within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA+U) to density functional theory (DFT) to determine the microscopic exchange interactions in the series of orthorhombic rare-earth manganites, o-$R$MnO$_3$. Our motivation is to construct a model Hamiltonian (excluding effects due to spin-orbit coupling), which can provide an accurate description of the magnetism in these materials. First, we consider TbMnO$_3$, which exhibits a spiral magnetic order at low temperatures. We map the exchange couplings in this compound onto a Heisenberg Hamiltonian and observe a clear deviation from the Heisenberg-like behavior. We consider first the coupling between magnetic and orbital degrees of freedom as a potential source of non-Heisenberg behavior in TbMnO$_3$, but conclude that it does not explain the observed deviation. We find that higher order magnetic interactions (biquadratic and four-spin ring couplings) should be taken into account for a proper treatment of the magnetism in TbMnO$_3$ as well as in the other representatives of the o-$R$MnO$_3$ series with small radii of the $R$ cation.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures
An Efficiency-boosting Client Selection Scheme for Federated Learning with Fairness Guarantee
Creators: name: Huang, Tiansheng
name: Lin, Weiwei
name: Wu, Wentai
name: He, Ligang
name: Li, Keqin
name: Zomaya, Albert Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The issue of potential privacy leakage during centralized AI's model training has drawn intensive concern from the public. A Parallel and Distributed Computing (or PDC) scheme, termed Federated Learning (FL), has emerged as a new paradigm to cope with the privacy issue by allowing clients to perform model training locally, without the necessity to upload their personal sensitive data. In FL, the number of clients could be sufficiently large, but the bandwidth available for model distribution and re-upload is quite limited, making it sensible to only involve part of the volunteers to participate in the training process. The client selection policy is critical to an FL process in terms of training efficiency, the final model's quality as well as fairness. In this paper, we will model the fairness guaranteed client selection as a Lyapunov optimization problem and then a C2MAB-based method is proposed for estimation of the model exchange time between each client and the server, based on which we design a fairness guaranteed algorithm termed RBCS-F for problem-solving. The regret of RBCS-F is strictly bounded by a finite constant, justifying its theoretical feasibility. Barring the theoretical results, more empirical data can be derived from our real training experiments on public datasets.
description: Accepted by IEEE TPDS. DOI: 10.1109/TPDS.2020.3040887
An observational study on the key research databases to which academic health sciences libraries in North America subscribe and provide access to their served communities
Creators: name: Yu, Fei
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Research databases index scholarly outputs (e.g., peer-reviewed articles, books) and provide search functions to users for information retrieval are essential resources for the services that academic health sciences libraries (AHSLs) provide to support education, practice, and research, including systematic reviews and bibliometric analysis. However, research databases have become increasingly expensive, challenging the shrinking budget of AHSLs. This study aimed to survey the key research databases that AHSLs currently subscribe to and provide insights to both librarians and library administrators in terms of database subscription patterns and strategies for informed decision-making in dealing with database cancellations.
Look Before You Leap: Detecting Phishing Web Pages by Exploiting Raw URL And HTML Characteristics
Creators: name: Opara, Chidimma
name: Chen, Yingke
name: wei, Bo.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Phishing websites distribute unsolicited content and are frequently used to commit email and internet fraud; detecting them before any user information is submitted is critical. Several efforts have been made to detect these phishing websites in recent years. Most existing approaches use hand-crafted lexical and statistical features from a website's textual content to train classification models to detect phishing web pages. However, these phishing detection approaches have a few challenges, including 1) the tediousness of extracting hand-crafted features, which require specialized domain knowledge to determine which features are useful for a particular platform; and 2) the difficulties encountered by models built on hand-crafted features to capture the semantic patterns in words and characters in URL and HTML content. To address these challenges, this paper proposes WebPhish, an end-to-end deep neural network trained using embedded raw URLs and HTML content to detect website phishing attacks. First, the proposed model automatically employs an embedding technique to extract the corresponding characters into homologous dense vectors. Then, the concatenation layer merges the URL and HTML embedding matrices. Following that, Convolutional layers are used to model its semantic dependencies. Extensive experiments were conducted with real-world phishing data, which yielded an accuracy of 98.1\%, showing that WebPhish outperforms baseline detection approaches in identifying phishing pages.
Asymmetric anchoring
Creators: name: Nelson, Nicole Alice
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2003

description: In this dissertation I reveal an inherent asymmetry in the grammar regarding faithfulness constraints across representations; only left edge anchoring constraints are necessary. Anchoring constraints are, I argue, Positional Faithfulness constraints (Beckman 1998), and the asymmetry is grounded in the type of psycholinguistic privilege commonly associated with initial position. Reduplicative morphemes furthermore are positioned by anchoring and locality alone. Several encouraging predictions result from this Positional Anchoring proposal. Most importantly, reduplication or truncation that does exhibit right edge correspondence with the base must be compelled; in terms of edge correspondence, only left edge correspondence can function as the default. Second, violation of Marantz’s Generalization cannot be required merely in order to satisfy reduplicant alignment constraints. In addition, a system may allow a reduplicant to alternate between left and right edges of a stem, as dictated by other constraints in the language. I argue that Lakhota exhibits just such a pattern. Several questions arise from proposal. The first involves cases where the segment near but not at the left edge of the relevant morpheme is the one targeted. I propose a system of base formation that leads such “gradient” cases to involve copying of the segment that indeed stands at the left edge of the base, as the base is constructed by independent constraints. The dramatic case of Bella Coola is used to illustrate the proposed system. Some cases of apparent right edge copying support a novel constraint, EDGE-ANCHOR, which targets segments at both edges of the main stressed foot of the base, which may or may not be coextensive with morpheme edges. Data from Semai, Ulu Muar Malay, Dutch, Tagalog, Yidiø, and Makassarese are examined in this light. Additional apparent counter-examples involve stressed syllable copying. Several examples, including data from Nancowry, French, and Lakhota illustrate that a main stressed syllable target offers a superior explanation of the attested patterns. Finally, other apparent counter examples are argued not to involve reduplication at all. Rather, these examples show augmentation to a requisite size by means of copying. The examples are taken from Tzotzil, Tzeltal, and Yoruba. An augmentation analysis is independently motivated for each, offering further support for the more restrictive theory of asymmetric anchoring.
The Bones of the Milky Way
Creators: name: Goodman, Alyssa A.
name: Alves, Joao
name: Beaumont, Christopher N.
name: Benjamin, Robert A.
name: Borkin, Michelle A.
name: Burkert, Andreas
name: Dame, Thomas M.
name: Jackson, James
name: Kauffmann, Jens
name: Robitaille, Thomas
name: Smith, Rowan J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The very long and thin infrared dark cloud "Nessie" is even longer than had been previously claimed, and an analysis of its Galactic location suggests that it lies directly in the Milky Way's mid-plane, tracing out a highly elongated bone-like feature within the prominent Scutum-Centaurus spiral arm. Re-analysis of mid-infrared imagery from the Spitzer Space Telescope shows that this IRDC is at least 2, and possibly as many as 5 times longer than had originally been claimed by Nessie's discoverers (Jackson et al. 2010); its aspect ratio is therefore at least 300:1, and possibly as large as 800:1. A careful accounting for both the Sun's offset from the Galactic plane ($\sim 25$ pc) and the Galactic center's offset from the $(l^{II},b^{II})=(0,0)$ position shows that the latitude of the true Galactic mid-plane at the 3.1 kpc distance to the Scutum-Centaurus Arm is not $b=0$, but instead closer to $b=-0.4$, which is the latitude of Nessie to within a few pc. An analysis of the radial velocities of low-density (CO) and high-density (${\rm NH}_3$) gas associated with the Nessie dust feature suggests that Nessie runs along the Scutum-Centaurus Arm in position-position-velocity space, which means it likely forms a dense `spine' of the arm in real space as well. The Scutum-Centaurus arm is the closest major spiral arm to the Sun toward the inner Galaxy, and, at the longitude of Nessie, it is almost perpendicular to our line of sight, making Nessie the easiest feature to see as a shadow elongated along the Galactic Plane from our location. Future high-resolution dust mapping and molecular line observations of the harder-to-find Galactic "bones" should allow us to exploit the Sun's position above the plane to gain a (very foreshortened) view "from above" of the Milky Way's structure.
description: A non-annotated high-dynamic-range view of the Spitzer image in Figure 1 is available as a supplement to this paper at http://hdl.handle.net/1902.1/22050 . This paper was accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal on July 30, 2014. A companion web site with the original open preprint of this paper, from January of 2013, is at http://milkywaybones.org
CXR-CLIP: Toward Large Scale Chest X-ray Language-Image Pre-training
Creators: name: You, Kihyun
name: Gu, Jawook
name: Ham, Jiyeon
name: Park, Beomhee
name: Kim, Jiho
name: Hong, Eun Kyoung
name: Baek, Woonhyunk
name: Roh, Byungseok
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A large-scale image-text pair dataset has greatly contributed to the development of vision-language pre-training (VLP) models, which enable zero-shot or few-shot classification without costly annotation. However, in the medical domain, the scarcity of data remains a significant challenge for developing a powerful VLP model. In this paper, we tackle the lack of image-text data in chest X-ray by expanding image-label pair as image-text pair via general prompt and utilizing multiple images and multiple sections in a radiologic report. We also design two contrastive losses, named ICL and TCL, for learning study-level characteristics of medical images and reports, respectively. Our model outperforms the state-of-the-art models trained under the same conditions. Also, enlarged dataset improve the discriminative power of our pre-trained model for classification, while sacrificing marginal retrieval performance. Code is available at https://github.com/kakaobrain/cxr-clip.
description: Accepted by MICCAI 2023
OAWeek: OpenAIRE MONITOR: Institutional Dashboard
Creators: name: Grypari, Ioanna
name: Pispiringas, Leonidas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: open science
monitor research
evaluate research
open infrastructure
interoperability guidelines

description: As per tradition, OpenAIRE will actively contribute to the International Open Access Week 2022 initiatives with interactive sessions and thought-provoking panel discussions connected to the theme of this year “Open for Climate Justice”. OpenAIRE prepared two series of webinars that will showcase the different ways in which we can all work together and make Open Science a means to tackle the challenges ahead of us. This session was dedicated to The OpenAIRE MONITOR Institutional Dashboard Speakers: - Ioanna Grypari, ARC - Leonidas Pispiringas, OpenAIRE Recordings are also in Youtube - https://youtu.be/v2H_lesjZEI
Amplified endomorphisms of Fano fourfolds
Creators: name: Jia, Jia
name: Zhong, Guolei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14M25, 14E30, 32H50, 08A35

description: Let $X$ be a smooth Fano fourfold admitting a conic bundle structure. We show that $X$ is toric if and only if $X$ admits an amplified endomorphism; in this case, $X$ is a rational variety.
description: Minor revision. Final version, to appear in manuscripta mathematica
Towards the MICADO@ELT PSF-R with simulated and real data
Creators: name: Simioni, Matteo
name: Arcidiacono, Carmelo
name: Grazian, Andrea
name: Gullieuszik, Marco
name: Portaluri, Elisa
name: Vulcani, Benedetta
name: Wagner, Roland
name: Zanella, Anita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations close to the diffraction limit, with high Strehl ratios from Adaptive Optics (AO)-assisted instruments mounted on ground-based telescopes are a reality and will become even more widespread with the next generation instruments that equip 30 meter-class telescopes. This results in a growing interest in tools and methods to accurately reconstruct the observed Point Spread Function (PSF) of AO systems. We will discuss the performance of the PSF reconstruction (PSF-R) software developed in the context of the MICADO instrument of the Extremely Large Telescope. In particular, we have recently implemented a novel algorithm for reconstructing off-axis PSFs. In every case, the PSF is reconstructed from AO telemetry, without making use of science exposures. We will present the results coming from end-to-end simulations and real AO observations, covering a wide range of observing conditions. Specifically, the spatial variation of the PSF has been studied with different AO-reference star magnitudes. The reconstructed PSFs are observed to match the reference ones with a relative error in Strehl ratio and full-width at half maximum below 10% over a field of view of the order of one arcmin, making the proposed PSF-R method an appealing tool to assist observation analysis, and interpretation.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures; Adaptive Optics for Extremely Large Telescopes 7th Edition, 25-30 Jun 2023 Avignon (France)
ANTARES: A Prototype Transient Broker System
Creators: name: Saha, Abhijit
name: Matheson, Thomas
name: Snodgrass, Richard
name: Kececioglu, John
name: Narayan, Gautham
name: Seaman, Robert
name: Jenness, Tim
name: Axelrod, Tim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Arizona-NOAO Temporal Analysis and Response to Events System (ANTARES) is a joint project of the National Optical Astronomy Observatory and the Department of Computer Science at the University of Arizona. The goal is to build the software infrastructure necessary to process and filter alerts produced by time-domain surveys, with the ultimate source of such alerts being the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST). The ANTARES broker will add value to alerts by annotating them with information from external sources such as previous surveys from across the electromagnetic spectrum. In addition, the temporal history of annotated alerts will provide further annotation for analysis. These alerts will go through a cascade of filters to select interesting candidates. For the prototype, `interesting' is defined as the rarest or most unusual alert, but future systems will accommodate multiple filtering goals. The system is designed to be flexible, allowing users to access the stream at multiple points throughout the process, and to insert custom filters where necessary. We describe the basic architecture of ANTARES and the principles that will guide development and implementation.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Observatory Operations: Strategies, Processes and Systems V, (Proc. SPIE 9149), June 2014, Montreal