cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The international normative structure of transitional justice
Creators: name: Tiemessen, Alana Erin
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Transitional justice is a field of research that has benefited from an array of scholarship on accountability for atrocities, such as genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. But the emphasis on varieties of institutional design, such as trials and truth commissions, and the primacy of pragmatic and context-specific variables have obscured the fact that transitional justice is increasingly a norm-driven practice. The field, however, lacks a theoretical framework from which to assess the international norms that consistently have causal effects in diverse contexts and over the past decades in which the normative structure has evolved. I argue that the international normative structure of transitional justice is defined by four interrelated norms: a hierarchical division of criminality, accountability, localization, and reconciliation. The primary contribution of this dissertation is to explain the effects of this structure with a comparative analysis of each norm’s salience and implementation. I therefore juxtapose what is expected in principle to what is possible in practice. Measures of salience go beyond establishing if norms exist and determine how norms matter, as is shown by their role in shaping discourse, institutions and policies. Subsequently I contend that it is important to distinguish between implementation challenges that are institutional failures, such as a lack of capacity or politicization of the process, and those which are normative contestation, such as reinterpretations and challenges over how and whether a norm should be implemented in a certain context. While both can affect the legitimacy of transitional justice institutions, contestation in particular carries with it the possibility for change in the normative structure. The empirical focus analyzes the causal effects of the international normative structure, with the above measures, in Rwanda, East Timor, and the International Criminal Court. Individually, the case studies provide rich contextual detail on how the various norms shaped decision-making and institutions. The diversity in the transitional justice institutions is thus juxtaposed to the consistency in which the norms are salient across the cases and in their implementation challenges, lending credence to the influential effects of the international normative structure of transitional justice.
Risk Preference Smoothness and the APT
Creators: name: Herk, Leonard F.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1995
Subjects: Economics

description: Attitudes of risk aversion and diversification preference are closely linked to the degree of smoothness of the underlying preference relation over monetary risks, represented in terms of the first and second variations of the preference functional in the direction of incremental risks, evaluated at an initial portfolio. Under general maintained assumptions, "exact" and "approximate" versions of the Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT) may be derived respectively from first and second-degree smoothness of risk preferences among investors in a competitive, finite asset market.
Blockbuster Remakes
Creators: name: Verevis, Constantine
Publisher: name: Akademisk kvarter | Academic Quarter
Year: 2013

description: Like the term “blockbuster,” the phrase “blockbuster remake” can mean different things. Typically, blockbuster remake is an industrial term, one that refers to the production of large-scale movies adapted from previously filmed properties. In this definition, modest (cult) properties – such as, Planet of the Apes (1968, 2001), King Kong (1933, 1976, 2005), and War of the Worlds (1954, 2005) – are revived through massive production budgets as cultural juggernauts, with strong marketing campaigns and merchandising tie-ins. Less typical is a description that accounts for the way in which a blockbuster movie is itself remade: that is, a definition in which a blockbuster becomes the cornerstone for the entire architecture of a blockbuster cycle. This article explores the idea of a blockbuster remake, and blockbuster initiated cycle, in and through a case study of the prototype of all modern blockbusters: Steven Spielberg’s Jaws (1975). Specifically, the article interrogates the way in which “Bruce,” the great white shark of Jaws, initiated a rogue animal cycle consisting in the first instance of the Jaws franchise – Jaws 2 (1978), Jaws 3-D (1983) and Jaws 4: The Revenge (1987) – and also a series of replicas that included Grizzly (1976), Orca (1977), and Piranha (1978).
description: Akademisk kvarter | Academic Quarter, Bestseller and Blockbuster Culture, Vol. 7
Regulatory Ambiguity and Corruption
Creators: name: Herk, Leonard F.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1995
Subjects: Economics

description: Corruption "in the fabric" of a regulatory system refers to a situation in which a regulatory agency seeks to extract rents for itself by interpreting and enforcing its statutory authority in an ambiguous manner. Regulatory ambiguity is associated with the creation of superfluous and apparently random loopholes which affect private agents under circumstances which are difficult to predict, and hence hard to avoid. This paper examines the role of regulatory authority by means of a model in which the regulatory authority extracts a fee for enforcing or voiding private agreements, in light of circumstances which have occurred after the agreement was formed, according to a system of rules which can be either ambiguous or clear.
Brødre vs. Brothers
Creators: name: Gemzøe, Lynge Agger
Publisher: name: Akademisk kvarter | Academic Quarter
Year: 2013

description: Remaking Nordic television series and cinema has become a popular endeavor in the US. This article explores the remake as a category and sheds light on the specific choices that are deemed necessary to make something entirely Danish work in an American context. The article seeks to contribute to the understanding of a remake trend that, on the one hand, is inspired by all things Nordic, but on the other hand, actively engages in removing the Nordic feel from the remade productions. Using Susanne Bier’s Brødre (2004) and Jim Sheridan’s remake Brothers (2009) as cases and drawing on Danish and US war movie genre history, the article argues that the comparative analysis of original and remake can be used as a tool for contemporary cultural studies and shows that while stories travel, they might be stripped of humorous lightheartedness, local detail, and moral values in the process.
description: Akademisk kvarter | Academic Quarter, Bestseller and Blockbuster Culture, Vol. 7
Review of policies, data, and interventions to improve maternal nutrition in Afghanistan
Creators: name: Kim, Christine
name: Ludin, Mohammad Homayoun
name: Paya, Mohammad
name: Ahrar, Mohammad Javed
name: Todd, Catherine S.
name: Mashal, Mohammad Omar
name: Mansoor, Ghulam Farooq
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2020

description:
Malnutrition contributes to direct and indirect causes of maternal mortality, which is particularly high in Afghanistan. Women's nutritional status before, during, and after pregnancy affects their own well-being and mortality risk and their children's health outcomes. Though maternal nutrition interventions have documented positive impact on select child health outcomes, there are limited data regarding the effects of maternal nutrition interventions on maternal health outcomes globally. This scoping review maps policies, data, and interventions aiming to address poor maternal nutrition outcomes in Afghanistan. We used broad search categories and approaches including database and website searches, hand searches of reference lists from relevant articles, policy and programme document requests, and key informant interviews. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were developed by type of source document, such as studies with measures related to maternal nutrition, relevant policies and strategies, and programmatic research or evaluation by a third party with explicit interventions targeting maternal nutrition. We abstracted documents systematically, summarized content, and synthesized data. We included 20 policies and strategies, 29 data reports, and nine intervention evaluations. The availability of maternal nutrition intervention data and the inclusion of nutrition indicators, such as minimum dietary diversity, have increased substantially since 2013, yet few nutrition evaluations and population surveys include maternal outcomes as primary or even secondary outcomes. There is little evidence on the effectiveness of interventions that target maternal nutrition in Afghanistan. Policies and strategies more recently have shifted towards multisectoral efforts and specifically target nutrition needs of adolescent girls and women of reproductive age. This scoping review presents evidence from more than 10 years of efforts to improve the maternal nutrition status of Afghan women. We recommend a combination of investments in measuring maternal nutrition indicators and improving maternal nutrition knowledge and behaviours.
The future role of Tokyo's financial market
Creators: name: Okumura, Ariyoshi
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1988
Subjects: Economics

description: The Japanese economy has already started a sound movement toward a positive restructuring by means of expanding domestic markets. Careful policy coordination is needed. If the United States fails to seriously address the issue of readjusting its twin deficits in order to put its economy on a healthy path, uneasiness may erode confidence in the dollar and also undermine the future role of the Tokyo financial markets, hindering their function as a stable supply base of funds. The U.S. financial market now depends on Japan for one-third of all long term funds flowing in from overseas. The future role of Tokyo depends on a healthy management of the U.S. economic policy.
The Role of History in Bestseller and Blockbuster Culture
Creators: name: Agger, Gunhild
Publisher: name: Akademisk kvarter | Academic Quarter
Year: 2013

description: History provides an infinite supply of dramatic events, stories, characters and conflicts. The article provides a brief overview of prevalent conceptions and ideas of history that can be applied to the wide-spread historical fictions of the bestseller and blockbuster culture. On the background of the current alliance between history and media, I propose a methodological distinction between three levels: 1) a historiographical level, concerned with overall considerations and reflections, 2) a user-orientated level focussing on the uses and functions of history, and 3) a genre-orientated level considering historical films and TV drama productions within a frame of genre traditions, including hybrids. The insights are applied analytically using the case of the Danish bestseller biography and blockbuster film Marie Krøyer.
description: Akademisk kvarter | Academic Quarter, Bestseller and Blockbuster Culture, Vol. 7
When the Ocean Strikes Back
Creators: name: Gebauer, Mirjam
Publisher: name: Akademisk kvarter | Academic Quarter
Year: 2013

description: The disaster scenario is one of the predominant settings we find unfold in the pop-cultural imagination, namely in films and novels. In recent years, as increased awareness of environmental issues affect the agendas of public debate, we also see local and increasingly global environmental disasters depicted in fiction. The most outstanding example of this tendency in German literature is Frank Schätzing’s internationally bestselling eco-thriller The Swarm from 2004, published in English in 2006 and planned as a Hollywood production in 2015. In Schätzing’s book, a global environmental disaster is evolving caused by an intelligent life form of the deep sea striking back at mankind. This article aims at discussing in what ways The Swarm uses elements and patterns of the pop-cultural disaster imagination, specifically the disaster and science fiction movie of the 1990s. Furthermore, it investigates how the ‘alienness’ depicted in the book differs from representations in pop-cultural tradition, challenges the position of the human species in the order of nature, and questions the capacity of humankind to prevent self-extinction. In concluding, a parallel to contemporary cultural theory (Dominic Pettman) problematizing the concept of humanity is drawn.
description: Akademisk kvarter | Academic Quarter, Bestseller and Blockbuster Culture, Vol. 7
Refined Characterization of Student Perspectives on Quantum Physics
Creators: name: Baily, Charles
name: Finkelstein, Noah D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The perspectives of introductory classical physics students can often negatively influence how those students later interpret quantum phenomena when taking an introductory course in modern physics. A detailed exploration of student perspectives on the interpretation of quantum physics is needed, both to characterize student understanding of physics concepts, and to inform how we might teach traditional content. Our previous investigations of student perspectives on quantum physics have indicated they can be highly nuanced, and may vary both within and across contexts. In order to better understand the contextual and often seemingly contradictory stances of students on matters of interpretation, we interviewed 19 students from four introductory modern physics courses taught at the University of Colorado. We find that students have attitudes and opinions that often parallel the stances of expert physicists when arguing for their favored interpretations of quantum mechanics, allowing for more nuanced characterizations of student perspectives in terms of three key interpretive themes. We present a framework for characterizing student perspectives on quantum mechanics, and demonstrate its utility in interpreting the sometimes-contradictory nature of student responses to previous surveys. We further find that students most often vacillate in their responses when what makes intuitive sense to them is not in agreement with what they consider to be a correct response, underscoring the need to distinguish between the personal and the public perspectives of introductory modern physics students.
description: 24 pages, 31 references, 1 Appendix (5 pages)
The Climate Catastrophe as Blockbuster
Creators: name: Eskjær, Mikkel Fugl
Publisher: name: Akademisk kvarter | Academic Quarter
Year: 2013

description: Modern disaster films constitute a specific cultural form that speaks to the anxieties of the “risk society.” This essay looks at how risks like climate change is presented and constructed in popular culture. It regards blockbuster representations as part of a wider discourse of “catastrophism” within the realm of public climate change communication. For that reason, the essay centers on the interplay between news media and entertainment. It argues that blockbuster disaster films represent an inversion of traditional risk and disaster news.
description: Akademisk kvarter | Academic Quarter, Bestseller and Blockbuster Culture, Vol. 7
Cosmic rays and the magnetic field in the nearby starburst galaxy NGC253 III. Helical magnetic fields in the nuclear outflow
Creators: name: Heesen, Volker
name: Beck, Rainer
name: Krause, Marita
name: Dettmar, Ralf-Jürgen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic fields are a good tracer for gas compression by shock waves, which can be caused by interaction of star-formation driven outflows from individual star formation sites as described in the chimney model. We study the magnetic field structure in the central part of the nuclear starburst galaxy NGC 253 with spatial resolutions between 40 and 150 pc to detect any filamentary emission associated with the nuclear outflow. New VLA observations at 3 cm with 7.5" resolution were combined with archive data at 20 and 6 cm. We find filamentary radio continuum emission in a geometrical distribution that we interpret as the boundary of the northwestern nuclear outflow cone. The scaleheight of the continuum emission is 150+/-20 pc, regardless of the observing frequency. The equipartition magnetic field strength is 46+/-10 microG for the total field and 21+/-5 microG for the regular field in the filaments. The ordered magnetic field is aligned along the filaments, in agreement with amplification due to compression. The perpendicular diffusion coefficient across the filaments is kappa_perp = 1.5 x 10^28 cm^2 s^-1 E(GeV)^(0.5+/-0.7). In the SE part of the nuclear outflow cone the magnetic field is pointing away from the disc in form of a helix, with an azimuthal component increasing up to at least 1200 pc height, where it is about equal to the total component. The ordered magnetic field in the disc is anisotropic within a radius of 2.2 kpc. At larger radii, the large-scale field is regular and of even parity. The magnetic field is able to collimate the outflow, which can explain the observed small opening angle of ~26 degree. Due to angular momentum conservation, the field lines are frozen into the plasma and are wound up into a helix. Strong adiabatic losses of the cosmic-ray electrons can partly explain why the radio luminosity of the nucleus lies below the radio-FIR correlation.
description: 18 pages, 17 figures, replaced with version published in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Russia's Transition Toward the World Economy: Is the Market Mechanism Working?
Creators: name: Desai, Padma B.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1995
Subjects: Economics

description: By the end of 1993, the unified and freely convertible ruble on current account represented a major step in Russia's foreign exchange management. The monetarist model adopted here (which gives a robust estimate of the real exchange rate) suggests that the impact of the gap between cash supply and cash demand (in the next month) on the real ruble-dollar exchange rate (for the period beginning July 1992) was small. Perhaps this parametric value reflects the restrictions on foreign exchange transactions, and the intervention of the Central Bank of Russia (CBR) in the Moscow Interbank Currency Exchange (MICEX) which determines the exchange rate. In contrast to the unification and current account convertibility of the ruble, progress during 1992-1994 in the foreign trading arrangements was halting. Export trading was hobbled by export quotas, licensing and passport surveillance. There were no quantitative restrictions on import activity which nevertheless was subjected to steadily rising import tariffs (evidently calculated to counter the impact of the appreciating real ruble). The estimates of the trade equations suggest that the real exchange rate had no impact, ceteris paribus, on export performance but it influenced impost flows. The changing pattern of Russia's trade, both in terms of (export-import) commodity composition and orientation, has to be judged in the context of the asymmetrical impact of the exchange rate on that pattern.
Japan: Another economic recovery, new political terrain
Creators: name: Patrick, Hugh T.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Commerce

description: This paper reviews Japan's recent economic performance through the first half of 2005, as well as the economic implications of Koizumi's snap election. After a disappointing final 3 quarters in 2004, first quarter growth in 2005 was a strong 5.8 percent annual rate, followed by a reassuring second quarter at 3.3 percent annual rate. Slow gradual improvements across the economy can be expected to continue, but achieving sustained full employment economic growth depends on whether growth rates over the next five years are closer to 3 percent or 1 percent. The most significant improvement over the past year has been in the labor market. Unemployment dropped to 4.4 percent in July, from its 5.5 percent January 2003 peak, while total employment and employee compensation figures are on the rise. The systemic problem of bank excessive nonperforming loans has been solved. Corporate restructuring proceeds, albeit in the light of new worries over hostile takeover bids. Despite improvement in virtually all Japan's economic indicators, most of the major concerns fundamentally persist. Aggregate demand remains inadequate; both deflation and labor market slack continue; household income growth is modest; capital is misallocated; and business borrowing continues to decrease. Koizumi's potent political victory will ensure the necessary postal privatization, although the details of implementation remain unclear. He has yet to define how he will use his public mandate to make other economic reforms, but general optimism prevails. The most difficult fiscal challenge will be to successfully navigate tax increases without inhibiting economic growth. The Bank of Japan faces two challenges: reducing the quantitative target, and proceeding to exit the current ZIRP monetary policy. Internationally, Japan must forge productive political relationships with its regional economic partners, specifically China, and continue to work towards greater East Asian economic corporation.
The 1980s Crisis in Syndicated Bank Lending to Sovereigns and the Sequence of Mechanisms to Fix It
Creators: name: Garay Salamanca, Luis Jorge
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Managerial economics
Economics

description: Starting from the latter 1970s, international private lending to developing country governments mushroomed and largely took the form of a new type of medium-term loan arranged by syndicates of internationally active commercial banks. This was not the classic form of general-purpose medium to long-term lending to sovereigns, which was as bond issues floated domestically or in the international financial markets. The latter had been slow to recover from the two world wars and the Great Depression, although by the 1990s, foreign and international bond issues once again became major vehicles for foreign lending to developing country governments. The syndicated loan market did not disappear in the 1990s, but turned its attention mainly to major corporate financings, especially within the United States, but also in Europe and emerging economies in Asia and elsewhere. One reason perhaps for the lower level of interest in additional syndicated bank lending to many of the developing country governments was the unhappy experience with this type of lending in much of the 1980s, when many sovereign borrowers could not service their syndicated loans as contracted.
Trade and Wages: A Malign Relationship?
Creators: name: Bhagwati, Jagdish N.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1995
Subjects: Labor economics

description: "The experience of decline in real wages of the unskilled workers during the 1980s in the United States, and the increase instead in their unemployment in Europe (due to the comparative inflexibility of their labour markets vis-a-vis those of the United States)1 , has prompted a search for possible explanations. This search has become more acute with the evidence that the adverse trend for the unskilled has not been mitigated during the 1990s to date."
Urban Air Pollution, Health and Policy Instruments
Creators: name: Krupnick, Alan J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Managerial economics
Economics

description: This paper examines the record of urban population growth, health, and health care spending in developing countries, describes the linkage between urban air pollution and health, and weighs policy responses to reduce stationary and mobile source air pollution, illustrating options through case studies.
Porous Borders
Creators: name: Mrozewicz, Anna Estera
Publisher: name: Akademisk kvarter | Academic Quarter
Year: 2013

description: In Scandinavian crime fiction, an implicit dynamics is noticeable between the adjacent worlds: Scandinavia and ‘Eastern Europe’. The author of the article approaches their relation using the two interrelated concepts of border and boundary (Casey, 2011). While borders are fixed and established by conventional agreements, boundaries are natural, perforated, and undermine the impenetrability of the border. Accordingly, two main strands are discernible within the representations of ‘Eastern Europe’ in Scandinavian crime fiction: a ‘border perspective’ and a ‘boundary perspective’. The first strand is rooted in the old world with pronounced national divisions, while the other anticipates a globalised world, involving a dynamic view of the relation between the neighbours across the Baltic. As the article attempts to demonstrate, the border/boundary distinction can be fruitfully applied to the analysis of the Scandinavian discourse on ‘Eastern Europe’ with all its implications.
description: Akademisk kvarter | Academic Quarter, Bestseller and Blockbuster Culture, Vol. 7
Optical counterpart of HLX-1 during the 2010 outburst
Creators: name: Soria, Roberto
name: Hakala, Pasi
name: Hau, George
name: Gladstone, Jeanette
name: Kong, Albert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We studied the optical counterpart of the intermediate-mass black hole candidate HLX-1 in ESO 243-49. We used a set of Very Large Telescope imaging observations from 2010 November, integrated by Swift X-ray data from the same epoch. We measured standard Vega brightnesses U = 23.89 +/- 0.18 mag, B = 25.19 +/- 0.30 mag, V = 24.79 +/- 0.34 mag and R = 24.71 +/- 0.40 mag. Therefore, the source was ~1 mag fainter in each band than in a set of Hubble Space Telescope images taken a couple of months earlier, when the X-ray flux was a factor of 2 higher. We conclude that during the 2010 September observations, the optical counterpart was dominated by emission from an irradiated disk (which responds to the varying X-ray luminosity), rather than by a star cluster around the black hole (which would not change). We modelled the Comptonized, irradiated X-ray spectrum of the disk, and found that the optical luminosity and colours in the 2010 November data are still consistent with emission from the irradiated disk, with a characteristic outer radius r_{out} ~ 2800 r_{in} ~ 10^{13} cm and a reprocessing fraction ~ 2 x 10^{-3}. The optical colours are also consistent with a stellar population with age
description: Accepted by MNRAS on Nov 28; 11 pages, 1.3 MB. v2: same paper, same price, now 20% more authors!
New Estimates on Climate Demand: Evidence from Location Choice
Creators: name: Cragg, Michael
name: Kahn, Matthew E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1995
Subjects: Economics

description: This paper builds on Graves' (1979) migration research on climate demand and on Rosen's (1974) research agenda of identifying structural demand parameters for capitalized non-market amenities. Graves (1972, 1982, 1985) has used aggregated migration net flow data to quantify migratory elasticities with respect to local amenities. Our research extends this earlier migration research along two dimensions. First, the opportunity cost of locational choice can be further disaggregated. Second, earlier reduced form research's coefficient estimates could not be used for calculating consumer surplus from amenities. One of the only empirical papers to attempt to identify structural parameters is Quigley (1982). His contribution was to combine knowledge of the non-linear budget constraints with an explicit parameterization of the utility function to estimate structure parameters. Our discreet choice method closely mirrors this methodology. Our estimates of willingness to pay for amenities build Bartik, Butler and Liu's (1992) estimates of amenities demand as revealed by the initial decision of whether to move. Our research also adds to the hedonic quality of life literature. Migration data offers an additional source of information that has not been exploited in equilibrium hedonic studies. In the 1980s, several studies pointed out the inherent difficulties of conducting the "standard" hedonic two stage identification procedure. The hedonic literature has ranked locations based on index weights generated by how much people pay for each attribute. Our paper offers an alternative method for ranking locations based on how much people are willing to pay.
Foreign exchange rate expectations: Micro survey data
Creators: name: Ito, Takatoshi
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1989
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: This paper analyzes the panel data of bi-weekly surveys, conducted by the Japan Center for International Finance, on the yen/dollar exchange rate expectations of forty-four institutions for two years. There are four major findings in this paper. First, market participants are found to be heterogeneous. There are significant "individual effects" in their expectation formation. Second, the individual effects have a characteristics of "wishful expectations": exporters expect yen depreciation (relative to others), and importers expect yen appreciation (relative to others). Third, many institutions are found to violate the rational expectations hypothesis. Fourth, forecasts with long horizons showed less yen appreciation than those with short horizons. Cross-equation constraints implied by the consistency of the forecast term structure are strongly rejected in the data.
Concordance models of reionization: implications for faint galaxies and escape fraction evolution
Creators: name: Kuhlen, M.
name: Faucher-Giguere, C. -A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent observations have constrained the galaxy UV luminosity function up to z~10. However, these observations alone allow for a wide range of reionization scenarios due to uncertainties in the abundance of faint galaxies and the escape fraction of ionizing photons. We show that requiring continuity with post-reionization (z<6) measurements, where the Lya forest provides a complete probe of the cosmological emissivity of ionizing photons, significantly reduces the permitted parameter space. Models that are simultaneously consistent with the measured UV luminosity function, the Thomson optical depth to the CMB, and the Lya forest data require either: 1) extrapolation of the galaxy luminosity function down to very faint UV magnitudes M_lim ~ -10, corresponding roughly to the UV background suppression scale; 2) an increase of f_esc by a factor > ~10 from z=4 (where the best fit is 4%) to z=9; or 3) more likely, a hybrid solution in which undetected galaxies contribute significantly and f_esc increases more modestly. Models in which star formation is strongly suppressed in low-mass, reionization-epoch haloes of mass up to ~10^10 M_sun (e.g., owing to a metallicity dependence) are only allowed for extreme assumptions for the evolution of f_esc. However, variants of such models in which the suppression mass is reduced (e.g., assuming an earlier or higher metallicity floor) are in better agreement with the data. Concordance scenarios satisfying the available data predict a consistent redshift of 50% ionized fraction z_reion(50%) ~ 10. On the other hand, the duration of reionization is sensitive to the relative contribution of bright versus faint galaxies, with scenarios dominated by faint galaxies predicting a more extended reionization event. Scenarios relying too heavily on high-z dwarfs are disfavored by kinetic Sunyaev-Zeldovich measurements, which prefer a short reionization history.
description: replaced with version accepted for publication in MNRAS
Econometric models of the Japanese economy
Creators: name: Sato, Kazuo
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1986
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: This paper traces the history of Japan's macroeconometric model-building. The history has gone through three stages -- learning, practice, and maturity. World War II left Japan intellectually much behind the West. The economics profession was no exception. It had to learn Keynesian macroeconomic theory and econometrics almost from scratch. Efforts at model-building started in the mid-1950s. The learning stage ran into the early 1960s. Then, in 1964, the Japanese government inducted young econometricians for help to its national plan-making. Short-term, medium-term, and long-term models provided the base for econometric predictions in the national plan. Having gained enough on-the-job experiences in the stage of practice, Japanese econometricians embarked upon building a model after another in the 1970s. The paper takes an inventory of some 40 macroeconometric models which have been and are still currently active in Japan.
Fifty Shades of Seriality and E-Readers Games
Creators: name: Collins, Jim
Publisher: name: Akademisk kvarter | Academic Quarter
Year: 2013

description: Jim Collins’ keynote lecture focuses on serial narrative and e-readers, their simultaneous developments and interconnections. He considers how both the bestseller and the blockbuster have been changed in fundamental ways because of the coupling of narrative format and digital device.

Originally presented as a Keynote Lecture, 21 March 2013, Aalborg, Denmark.
description: Akademisk kvarter | Academic Quarter, Bestseller and Blockbuster Culture, Vol. 7
Additional file 7 of Use of electronic health data to identify patients with moderate-to-severe osteoarthritis of the hip and/or knee and inadequate response to pain medications
Creators: name: Lu, Yi
name: Ganz, Michael L.
name: Robinson, Rebecca L.
name: Zagar, Anthony J.
name: Okala, Sandra
name: Hartrick, Craig T.
name: Johnston, Beth
name: Dorling, Patricia
name: Slim, May
name: Thakkar, Sheena
name: Berger, Ariel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Additional file 7. Final Predictive Features (Pickle File), EMR Data.
Intelligent Car System
Creators: name: Siddique, Qasim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In modern life the road safety has becomes the core issue. One single move of a driver can cause horrifying accident. The main goal of intelligent car system is to make communication with other cars on the road. The system is able to control to speed, direction and the distance between the cars the intelligent car system is able to recognize traffic light and is able to take decision according to it. This paper presents a framework of the intelligent car system. I validate several aspect of our system using simulation.
description: 12 pages
Achieving acceptable electromagnetic interference shielding in UHMWPE/ground tire rubber composites by building a segregated network of hybrid conductive carbon black
Creators: name: Cheng, Huibin
name: Zhang, Gongxi
name: Liu, Xuhong
name: Lin, Yukai
name: Ma, Shenglan
name: Lin, Guoliang
name: Zhang, Xiaoyi
name: Huang, Baoquan
name: Qian, Qingrong
name: Wu, Chen
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Polymeric composites with the hybrid filler network for high-performance electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding brought increasing interest. Herein, UHMWPE/ground tire rubber (GTR)/conductive carbon black (CCB) (UGC) composites with a hybrid segregated structural CCB-GTR were constructed by solid-phase shear milling (S3M), mechanical blending, and compacted molding processes. The percolation behavior of electrical conductivity and EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of composites was described using Sigmoidal/Growth models, and its EMI shielding mechanism was discussed. Results showed that the EMI SE of U30G70C20, U50G50C20, and U70G30C20 composites were found to be 37.5, 41.7, and 43.8 dB, respectively, due to constructing a hybrid network. The attenuation rate of microwave radiation is above 99.99%, and the shielding mechanism is mainly electrical loss. Moreover, the relationship between electrical conductivity and EMI SE is consistent with Sigmoidal/Growth models, indicating that Sigmoidal/Growth models can successfully predict the percolation threshold of the EMI SE of UGC composites.
Human retinal pigment epithelial cell transplantation for the treatment of Parkinson's disease
Creators: name: Flores, Joseph
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Cell replacement therapies have been thoroughly investigated in the hope of finding a long-term, continuous dopaminergic (DAergic) source to treat motor dysfunctions in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, mixed clinical results, safety and logistical concerns, and ethical issues have led to the interruption of these therapies in the clinic. Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial (hRPE) cells from fetal or neonatal origin have been proposed as a tissue transplant alternative for PD. HRPE cells are of neuroectoderm origin and play an integral part in normal retinal survival and function by providing nutritive, trophic, and anti-inflammatory support. HRPE cells are a potential cell therapy source for PD because of their DAergic properties. In the RPE, dopa is an intermediate product in the melanin biosynthetic pathway, catalyzed by the tyrosine hydroxylase analog tyrosinase. Since tyrosinase-produced dopa can exit the cell through plasma membrane amino acid transporters, RPE implantation into the parkinsonian brain could provide a continuous source of dopa to striatal DA terminals. Previous reports have shown that hRPE cells attached to biocompatible gelatin microcarriers (hRPE-GM) can successfully ameliorate parkinsonian symptoms in PD patients. However, these observations are empirical in nature; indeed, little is known about long-term hRPE-GM survival or its underlying mechanism of action. The present thesis addresses the hypotheses that 1) hRPE-GM implants ameliorate behavioural deficits, 2) hRPE-GM survive long-term in the host striatum, and 3) the mechanism of action of hRPE-GM implants is not solely due to the in situ production of dopa and may involve alternate mechanisms of action, with an emphasis on anti-inflammatory factors. Using the rodent 6-OHDA model for PD, we investigated the qualitative survival and behavioural effects of hRPE-GM implants combining post mortem immunohistochemistry and non drug-induced behavioural paradigms. Next, we assessed the hypothesized reduction in inflammatory reactions to hRPE-GM implants (in the absence of immunosuppression) by quantifying the inflammatory response using stereological methods. Finally, we described a quantitative timeline of in vivo hRPE-GM survival using our recently developed superparamagnetic labeling techniques and MRI. These studies will provide further support for using hRPE cells as a therapeutic option for PD.
Development of a new methodology for preparing nanometric ni, mo and nimo catalytic particles using transient emulsions
Creators: name: Contreras Lapeira, Carola
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2009

description: Bibliography: p. 108-116
description: Some pages are in colour.
description: This study is concerned with the development of a simple and novel methodology to prepare Ni, Mo and NiMo based nanoparticles for their use as hydrodesulphurization catalysts with potential for in situ and above-ground hydroprocessing of heavy oil, and the correlation of particle size with their catalytic activity. The inorganic nanoparticles were prepared using thermal decomposition of transient emulsions. Transient emulsions (TEs) were defined as those emulsions sustained by the energy supplied to create them, but when that energy source is cut out, the emulsion tends to brake in a short frame of time. A study was done taking into consideration different parameters for the preparation of the transient emulsions, including the concentration of the precursor molecules, the water percentage, the use of surfactant, and the manner of mixing the various solutions. The characteristics of these minute materials depend largely on particle size. Characterization was done via DLS, TEM, EDS, Raman and XRD. Also, a reactivity test to evaluate the performance of the catalyst particles produced for upgrading VGO was carried out. To understand the catalysts activity dependence on size, molybdenum sulphide particles were prepared by a new simple methodology using a capping agent to control the particle growth and their catalytic activity was tested. The results obtained indicated that the particle size is indeed an important variable and particles in the range of 10 nm have superior catalytic activity than the materials with particle sizes of 100 nm and higher, being double than the activity for the bulk materials. The particles prepared via TEs presented average diameters in the nanosize scale being composed of agglomerates of sizes varying from around 350 nm to 500 nm depending on the conditions used for the preparation with primary particle sizes as low as 35 nm. These particles showed catalytic activity with the NiMoS type of catalysts showing the most promising characteristics.
Reciprocity and Network Coordination: Evidence from Japanese Banks
Creators: name: Eser, Zekeriya
name: Peek, Joe
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Commerce

description: In this study, we provide the first detailed empirical evidence on the cooperative behavior of individual members of a functioning, real world network. In contrast to experimental evidence from limited settings, our study employs detailed data on the volume of loans given to individual firms from each individual bank that lends to them at an annual frequency for nearly 20 years. Using this detailed data, we are able to exploit substantial cross-sectional variation in the degree of reliance of the banks on the network as a whole and on other individual banks within the network. In addition, we are able to investigate the impact of economic stress on the cooperative behavior of individual network members by comparing the 1980s with the more turbulent 1990s. We find strong evidence that the strength of system-wide reliance on, and thus commitment to, the network, as well as pairwise reliance on other network members, plays an important role in explaining the observed cooperative behavior by Japanese banks.
Accurate Simulations of Binary Black-Hole Mergers in Force-Free Electrodynamics
Creators: name: Alic, Daniela
name: Moesta, Philipp
name: Rezzolla, Luciano
name: Zanotti, Olindo
name: Jaramillo, Jose Luis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide additional information on our recent study of the electromagnetic emission produced during the inspiral and merger of supermassive black holes when these are immersed in a force-free plasma threaded by a uniform magnetic field. As anticipated in a recent letter, our results show that although a dual-jet structure is present, the associated luminosity is ~ 100 times smaller than the total one, which is predominantly quadrupolar. We here discuss the details of our implementation of the equations in which the force-free condition is not implemented at a discrete level, but rather obtained via a damping scheme which drives the solution to satisfy the correct condition. We show that this is important for a correct and accurate description of the current sheets that can develop in the course of the simulation. We also study in greater detail the three-dimensional charge distribution produced as a consequence of the inspiral and show that during the inspiral it possesses a complex but ordered structure which traces the motion of the two black holes. Finally, we provide quantitative estimates of the scaling of the electromagnetic emission with frequency, with the diffused part having a dependence that is the same as the gravitational-wave one and that scales as L ~ Omega^{10/3-8/3}, while the collimated one scales as L ~ Omega^{5/3-6/3}, thus with a steeper dependence than previously estimated. We discuss the impact of these results on the potential detectability of dual jets from supermassive black holes and the steps necessary for more accurate estimates.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures
Dealing Deftly with Sovereign Debt Difficulties
Creators: name: Herman, Barry
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Managerial economics
Economics

description: This paper looks at the international process for overcoming sovereign debt crises in developing and transition economies. It first characterizes the nature of sovereign debt crises, and how their resolution has fallen under the domain of global policy. It then highlights the complexity of determining how much debt a post-crisis country should end up with and how the major players interact in determining the actual workout in typical cases. It concludes by considering certain proposals for improving the chances that debt workouts will be effective, speedy and fair. In all, the message in this paper is that sovereign debt crises are international political problems involving on the one hand the governments of the major economies, which represent or are themselves the creditors, and on the other hand the developing or transition economies in difficulty. The different ways the crises have been addressed reflect the relative importance of different groups of creditors in the defaulted debt. In this sense, the creditors drive the process. The people in the crisis countries have the least influence in shaping the process and usually pay most dearly for the crises. Overall, the approach has been reactive and largely ad hoc. This paper argues instead for developing a more comprehensive international approach for dealing with sovereign debt difficulties that would be more attractive to all the relevant parties.
New Media of Communication - A Paradigmatic Approach to Issues and Prospects 21-Apr-2023 08-02-43.pdf
Creators: name: Akpanyia, Mathias  Oshie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Communication studies
Communication technology and digital media studies
Journalism studies
Media industry studies
Media studies
Organisational, interpersonal and intercultural communication

description: The subject matter of the new media communication is, indeed a trend to reckon with in the 21st century. This is because as a discipline, the media are fast traversing the global political and socio-economic activities. Interestingly, the new media have improved not just the world’s communication technology, but are fast becoming the epitome of modernization…