cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Briareum hamrum
Creators: name: Ramvilas, Ghosh
name: Alderslade, Philip
name: Ranjeet, Kutty
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Anthozoa
Alcyonacea
Briareidae
Briareum
Briareum hamrum

description: Briareum hamrum (Gohar, 1948)
Clavularia hamra Gohar, 1948: 4, figs. 1–5 (Red Sea); Verseveldt 1970: 209 (Red Sea).
Sympodium violaceum Broch & Horridge, 1956: 157.
Briareum hamra Alderslade 2000: 246.
Briareum hamrum Benayahu et al. 2003: 57 (Mozambique) (listed); Samimi-Namin & Ofwegen 2016: 12–18, figs 8–11 (Red Sea, East Africa, Oman Sea, Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf.).
Opinion: There is little evidence that this species occurs in the region.
Justification:
These Indian records seem to be either invalid or unconfirmable: Kumar et al. 2014: 10, pl. 2, fig. A–F (Havelock, S. Andaman).
Literature analysis: An excellent overview of this genus in the Indo-Pacific was given by Samimi-Namin & Ofwegen (2016). A single report that this species occurs in the region (Andaman and Nicobar Islands) appeared in Kumar et al. (2014: PY-P). The material was described as “Colony form thin encrusting membranous sheets, small clusters of knobs (sic), tall finger like lobes or large tangles of cylindrical branches. Polyps are monomorphic, retractile and up to about 15mm tall. Live and preserved colonies are reddish-purple colour”, which clearly included a mixture of species. The “thin encrusting membranous sheets, small clusters of knobs” could indicate B. hamrum, although that species is thought to be restricted to the Red Sea, East Africa, Oman Sea, Arabian Sea, and the Persian Gulf. The “tall finger like lobes or large tangles of cylindrical branches” could indicate colonies of either Briareum stechei (Kükenthal, 1908), B. cylindricum Samimi-Namin & Ofwegen (2016), or an unknown species, and the underwater images provided indicate specimens of B. violaceum (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833) or an unknown species. The few green sclerite images could possibly be from the latter species.
description: Published as part of Ramvilas, Ghosh, Alderslade, Philip & Ranjeet, Kutty, 2023, The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice, pp. 1-124 in Zootaxa 5236 (1) on page 20, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5236.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7639327
“I am prepared for anything”
Creators: name: Martinez, Joanna H.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2012

description: Drawing on the examples of the violent deaths of El Salvador’s Archbishop Oscar Arnulfo Romero and Poland’s Father Jerzy Popiełuszko during the heights of Cold War struggles in the respective countries this thesis presents Christian martyrdom as part of monumental social changes of which the Catholic Church had become an agent after World War II. The popular Catholic Church in peripheral countries such as El Salvador and Poland, I argue, became the facilitator of grassroots civic activism and resistance in which peasants and workers, no longer passive recipients of political identities and economic policies from above, became active agents in constructing of novel forms of resistance to state hegemonies, new civil societies, and political ideologies. As members of ‘popular churches’ these new social actors challenged ’myths of modernity’ pervading the Cold War polarization proving that in peripheral countries ideological categories such as left/right, socialist/liberal, and communist/capitalist did not lend themselves to easy universal categorizations. The Catholic Church, moreover, through Liberation Theology and theory of Solidarity provided alternative ‘third road’ ideologies, which borrowed from socialism and liberalism, but also challenged them. Catholicism, as ‘practical religion’, most dramatically articulated during Cold War in martyrdom and its cults, became synonymous with resistance to oppression and an existential code for civil societies striving for social justice.
Bostrichoclerus bicornis
Creators: name: Burke, Alan F.
name: Leavengood, John M.
name: Zolnerowich, Gregory
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cleridae
Bostrichoclerus
Bostrichoclerus bicornis

description: Bostrichoclerus bicornis Van Dyke, 1938
Distribution: USA: CA; MEX: BC.
References: Van Dyke 1938; Wolcott 1947; Barr 1950b, 1957, 1975; Corporaal 1950; Papp 1960.
description: Published as part of Burke, Alan F., Leavengood, John M. & Zolnerowich, Gregory, 2015, A checklist of the New World species of Tillinae (Coleoptera: Cleridae), with an illustrated key to genera and new country records, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 4059 (1) on page 8, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4059.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/234970
Oncogenes, Progression and Biomarkers
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Proteins and other chemicals that can "mark" cells in cancers are used in immunohistochemistry (IHC) both to determine whether a women’s breast cancer is "good" or "bad" ("prognostic" indicators indicating whether the likely outcome of treatment and subsequent course of the disease will be favorable or unfavorable) and to develop treatment strategies for the cancer. However, the stains that "mark" the cells are variable from patient to patient. Some physicians feel that they cannot be used to predict the outcome for the individual patient. As a result, some HMOs will not pay for the entire panel of tests, and prognostic IHC is not the "standard of practice" in all hospitals. Why are these results so variable?

 Our hypothesis is that the cancer causing genes (oncogenes) that initiates the cancer control the patterns of transition of normal breast tissue to atypical, to pre-malignant, to malignant and to metastatic breast cancer. These patterns are non-random and highly predictable. A corollary hypothesis is that each oncogene causes unique predictable patterns of protein expression (appearance) that can be detected as biomarkers. The interactions of the cancer causing oncogenes and these factors (biomarkers) modify the appearance of the tumor and the processes of angiogenesis (vessel formation), invasion and metastasis. These processes determine how the cancer spreads.

 This hypothesis implies that the pattern of expression of a set of biomarkers depends on the gene, or genes, that initiate(s) the cancer. The hypothesis can be tested by immunohistochemical analysis of a panel of normal, precancerous and malignant breast tissues with known activated oncogenes. Genetically engineered mice are a ready source of breast tissues with such defined oncogenes. They also have demonstrable histological transitions between normal, precancerous and malignant breast tissue. The breast tissues from these defined-oncogene mice will be used to test the hypothesis using a panel of antibodies against established and candidate breast cancer biomarkers.

 The Specific Aims of this project are to use immunohistochemistry to:

 -Characterize the distribution of breast cancer biomarkers in a panel of transgenic mouse mammary tissues including normal, premalignant, malignant and metastatic.

 -Determine whether the distribution of breast cancer biomarkers is altered by additional transgenes (bi- or tri-genic mice) or knock outs of suppressor genes.

 -Test candidate breast cancer biomarkers in the same system.

 These studies will utilize a collection and expertise that is not available anywhere else in the world. They should resolve the controversy surrounding the use of biomarkers, making them much more reliable predictors of the cancer outcome and provide a rational basis for therapy.
Cloning of Senescence Genes in Mammary Epithelial Cells
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Cancer is a group of diseases resulting from changes in genes that control cell growth and behavior. To become malignantly transformed, a normal human cell needs to acquire genetic changes in multiple critical genes. Alterations in many genes that control cell growth and death can contribute to neoplastic transformation. Normal primary human cells have limited life spans, and they can only proliferate for a limited number of time before entering a stage called cellular senescence. One of the most common changes in cancer cells is that they have lost the ability to undergo senescence and can divide indefinitely becoming "immortal". Understanding of the genetic basis for senescence in cells of the human breast will enable the development of new therapeutic approaches and new management measures for cancers. However, the genetic basis for cellular senescence is not well understood.

 The overall goal of the proposed study is to identify the genes that control cellular senescence in human mammary epithelial cells, and study the functions of isolated senescence genes. The proposed study will employ a new genetic procedure that was recently developed in my mentor’s laboratory. This procedure allows the identification of previously unknown genes that play a crucial role in the control of cellular senescence. Identification of genes and genetic pathways of cellular senescence will provide therapeutic targets for restoration of cellular senescence in breast cancer cells. Other translational potential of the proposed work includes the design of epidemiological approaches for accessing the genetic susceptibility of individuals to develop breast cancer and the creation of prognostic tests for managing breast cancer.
The Control of Breast Cancer Cell Death
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: The conversion of normal breast cells to those capable of forming malignant tumors involves alterations in multiple cellular processes, including pathways controlling the delicate balance between growth and cell death. In order to eliminate cells, the body can ‘trigger’ them to commit suicide using a process termed apoptosis. However, cancer cells have developed mechanisms to ignore the signals that should trigger them to die. This is particularly true in breast cancer patients that have failed chemotherapy treatments, and suffer recurrence of the disease. Thus, new information and drugs are needed to increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to death signals. The protein kinase C (PKC) family of enzymes participates in signaling pathways controlling both growth and apoptosis, both in normal and in cancerous cells. However, the specific PKC family members contributing to the abnormal survival of breast cancer cells have not yet been determined. We propose to identify the PKC family members that render the cancer cells resistant to apoptosis.

 We have developed tools which will allow us to determine which member or members of the PKC family allow cancer cells to live and form tumors, particularly in those settings when the cells should die. These tools were developed during the course of our work on the functions of PKC family members in heart physiology. PKCs must be located at appropriate sites within the cell to be effective enzymes, and we have identified proteins, termed RACKs, which are the ‘anchors’ responsible for PKC localization. Next, we then identified inhibitors that prevent the interactions of PKCs with RACKs, and prevent PKCs from carrying out their functions. These inhibitors are unusual, because unlike other inhibitors available, they are specific for individual PKC family members. This BCRP-funded project will allow us to extend the potential use these inhibitors to breast cancer. From preliminary data, we predict that inhibition of a PKC family member, called delta-PKC, will allow breast cancer cells to undergo apoptotic death, and will prevent tumor formation. Our experiments are performed both using breast cancer cell lines and by establishing PKC-modified cell lines to be studied for the capacity to form tumors and metastasize in mice.

 If confirmed, then manipulation of specific PKC family members may be part of a more effective treatment regimen for breast cancer.
Callotillus Wolcott 1911
Creators: name: Burke, Alan F.
name: Leavengood, John M.
name: Zolnerowich, Gregory
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cleridae
Callotillus

description: Callotillus Wolcott, 1911 (Fig. 4 -F)
Type species: Callotillus eburneocinctus Wolcott, 1911 (monotypy)
description: Published as part of Burke, Alan F., Leavengood, John M. & Zolnerowich, Gregory, 2015, A checklist of the New World species of Tillinae (Coleoptera: Cleridae), with an illustrated key to genera and new country records, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 4059 (1) on page 8, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4059.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/234970
SXR: A Novel Target for Breast Cancer Therapeutics
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: The steroid hormone estrogen has been shown to be involved in the development and growth of many breast cancers. Accordingly, drugs that block the effects of estrogen, such as tamoxifen, are helpful in the treatment and risk reduction of breast cancers. Other compounds such as plant-derived estrogens called phytoestrogens have also demonstrated effectiveness in preventing breast cancer. Phytoestrogens are mimics of the hormone estrogen, and are found abundantly in soy-based foods as well as in small amounts in whole grains, seeds, fruits and vegetables. The anti-breast cancer potential of these estrogen mimics is suggested by the lower incidence of breast cancers in women of Asian populations that consume larger levels of these compounds compared to women in Western populations that consume much lower amounts. In addition, other compounds such as anandamide and Vitamin A derivatives that are seemingly unrelated to each other or to tamoxifen and phytoestrogens also have potential as effective anti-breast cancer agents. Because these compounds are all seemingly unrelated, it has been difficult to put all of them into a common pathway that can explain their anti-breast cancer effects.

 Research carried out under this proposal will investigate a common mechanism by which each of these diverse compounds is active against breast cancer. The potential mechanism involves a protein in the cell called SXR that has demonstrated interaction with tamoxifen, phytoestrogens, anandamide and Vitamin A derivatives. SXR interaction with any of these compounds leads to signals inside of the cell that cause harmful agents to be broken down so that they can no longer cause cellular damage. This effect can be helpful to normal cells by removing potentially cancer-causing agents and to cancerous cells by removing the agents which can further the progression of cancer. The anti-breast cancer effects demonstrated by SXR interaction with the test compounds will be examined utilizing breast cancer cell lines and measuring effects on their growth.

 This project should provide information on a new target for effective anti-breast cancer drug development, and could lead to a basic understanding of the way in which dietary factors such as phytoestrogens play a role in breast cancer prevention.
¡No son las mujeres las que son frágiles, son sus derechos!
Creators: name: Acosta Reveles, Irma Lorena
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 440503
subject: Feminist theory
classificationCode: 440504
subject: Gender relations
classificationCode: 440505
subject: Intersectional studies
classificationCode: 440509
subject: Women's studies (incl. girls' studies)
classificationCode: 440802
subject: Citizenship
classificationCode: 440806
subject: Gender and politics
classificationCode: 440811
subject: Political theory and political philosophy
classificationCode: 441005
subject: Social theory
classificationCode: 441010
subject: Sociology of gender

description: Acerca de la ciudadanía plena de las mujeres en occidente.
Callotillus bahamensis Vaurie 1952
Creators: name: Burke, Alan F.
name: Leavengood, John M.
name: Zolnerowich, Gregory
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cleridae
Callotillus
Callotillus bahamensis

description: Callotillus bahamensis Vaurie, 1952
Distribution: CAR: BAH.
References: Vaurie 1952a; Burke and Zolnerowich 2014c.
description: Published as part of Burke, Alan F., Leavengood, John M. & Zolnerowich, Gregory, 2015, A checklist of the New World species of Tillinae (Coleoptera: Cleridae), with an illustrated key to genera and new country records, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 4059 (1) on page 8, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4059.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/234970
Bioheritage of India
Creators: name: Garg, Rishabh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 310412
subject: Speciation and extinction

description: India is home to 45 Biodiversity Heritage Sites (BHS), which are ecologically fragile ecosystems rich in biodiversity and serve as important repositories of both cultural heritage and natural resources. These sites offer valuable insights into the interconnectedness of species, habitats, ecological processes, and traditional knowledge. Despite enormous diversity, the saga of Indian wildlife seems to be ad-fin. As per Red Data Book, 13 species of mammals and 06 each of birds & reptiles have been reckoned as endangered. Read more ...
Briareum violaceum
Creators: name: Ramvilas, Ghosh
name: Alderslade, Philip
name: Ranjeet, Kutty
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Anthozoa
Alcyonacea
Briareidae
Briareum
Briareum violaceum

description: Briareum violaceum (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833)
Clavularia violacea Quoy & Gaimard, 1833: 262, pl. 21 figs 13–16 (Solomon Islands).
Pachyclavularia erecta Roule, 1908: 165, pl. 6 figs 4–5 (Ambon).
Pachyclavularia violacea (new comb.) Gohar 1940: 20.
Briareum violacea (sic) (new comb.) Benayahu 2002: 20 (Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan).
Briareum violaceum Samimi-Namin & van Ofwegen 2016: 27, fig. 19– 25, 26E –F (Indonesia, Palau, Philippines).
Opinion: This species does occur in the region.
Justification: This Indian record appears to be valid: Geetha et al. 2018: 2392, figs 4–5 (N. Andaman).
Literature analysis: This species, originally placed in the genus Clavularia, has been recently well described by Samimi-Namin & van Ofwegen (2016). The sole record for its occurrence in the region is that of Geetha et al. (2018). In their Figure 4, the authors provide numerous underwater colony images of the species, but those in images P & Q are very dark brown, a colour not expected for this species, and may represent another taxon. The image in Fig. 4H, however, is clearly of another genus, possibly Clavularia, as it shows a colony with broad, heavily pinnated tentacles.
description: Published as part of Ramvilas, Ghosh, Alderslade, Philip & Ranjeet, Kutty, 2023, The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice, pp. 1-124 in Zootaxa 5236 (1) on page 20, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5236.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7639327
MPEC 2024-Y244 : A/2024 U2
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: A/2024 U2

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Callotillus crusoe Wolcott 1923
Creators: name: Burke, Alan F.
name: Leavengood, John M.
name: Zolnerowich, Gregory
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cleridae
Callotillus
Callotillus crusoe

description: Callotillus crusoe Wolcott, 1923
Distribution: CAR: PUR.
References: Wolcott 1923; Barr 1950a; Vaurie 1952a.
description: Published as part of Burke, Alan F., Leavengood, John M. & Zolnerowich, Gregory, 2015, A checklist of the New World species of Tillinae (Coleoptera: Cleridae), with an illustrated key to genera and new country records, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 4059 (1) on page 8, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4059.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/234970
Erythropodium pambanensis Fernando 2011
Creators: name: Ramvilas, Ghosh
name: Alderslade, Philip
name: Ranjeet, Kutty
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Anthozoa
Alcyonacea
Anthothelidae
Erythropodium
Erythropodium pambanensis

description: Erythropodium pambanensis Fernando, 2011 (species status uncertain)
Erythropodium pambanensis Fernando, 2011: 17–18, pl. 2, figs. 1a–1f (Pamban); Fernando et al. 2017: 15, pl. 2, fig. 1a–1f (Gulf of Mannar).
Opinion: This species does occur in the region but appears to be wrongly identified.
Justification:
Literature analysis:
The descriptions of the Indian material by Fernando (2011) and Fernando et al. (2017) are identical but quite possibly represent a new genus. The authors state that “The present is the only tropical Indo-Pacific species {of Erythropodium} known to be reported so far” but an unidentified species was reported from Bali by Fabricius & Alderslade (2001).
A description of Erythropodium caribaeorum was given by Bayer (1961: 75–76: figs. 16 e–g) and clearly shows the form of the characteristic 6-radiate sclerites. The figures of the sclerites provided by Fernando (2011) and Fernando et al. (2017) are so small it is hard to see the details, but at least some of them appear to be 8 radiates and others quite irregularly branched, indicating the genus is probably undescribed.
description: Published as part of Ramvilas, Ghosh, Alderslade, Philip & Ranjeet, Kutty, 2023, The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice, pp. 1-124 in Zootaxa 5236 (1) on page 21, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5236.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7639327
Callotillus eburneocinctus Wolcott 1911
Creators: name: Burke, Alan F.
name: Leavengood, John M.
name: Zolnerowich, Gregory
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cleridae
Callotillus
Callotillus eburneocinctus

description: Callotillus eburneocinctus Wolcott, 1911
Distribution: USA: FL.
References: Wolcott 1911, 1947; Wickham and Wolcott 1912; Corporaal 1950; Vaurie 1952a; Papp 1960; Foster and Barr 1972; Barr 1975; Peck and Thomas 1998; Leavengood 2008; Burke and Zolnerowich 2014c.
description: Published as part of Burke, Alan F., Leavengood, John M. & Zolnerowich, Gregory, 2015, A checklist of the New World species of Tillinae (Coleoptera: Cleridae), with an illustrated key to genera and new country records, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 4059 (1) on page 8, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4059.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/234970
Can the UK reach net zero greenhouse gas emissions?
Creators: name: Roberts, Simon
name: Axon, Colin
Publisher: name: Brunel University London
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 370203
subject: Greenhouse gas inventories and fluxes
classificationCode: 401703
subject: Energy generation, conversion and storage (excl. chemical and electrical)
classificationCode: 389902
subject: Ecological economics

description: Achieving ‘net zero’ greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2050 is a target set in the Climate Change Act, with the UK Government pursuing even more stringent and specific intermediate targets from 2030. The term ‘net’ arose to address sectors with emissions deemed too difficult to become emission-free, by 2050, otherwise the overall emissions reduction target and endeavour might be undermined. The Sixth Carbon Budget, revealed in December 2020, reflects this target.
Solenocaulon
Creators: name: Ramvilas, Ghosh
name: Alderslade, Philip
name: Ranjeet, Kutty
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Anthozoa
Alcyonacea
Anthothelidae
Solenocaulon

description: Genus: Solenocaulon
Preliminary remarks: This genus badly needs revising. Particular colony forms seem to be quite characteristic for a number of species, but there is a lot of similarity between the sclerites of the nominal taxa and in order to accurately discriminate between the species, the sclerites and their location require very detailed analysis, which is seriously lacking throughout virtually all of the literature.
description: Published as part of Ramvilas, Ghosh, Alderslade, Philip & Ranjeet, Kutty, 2023, The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice, pp. 1-124 in Zootaxa 5236 (1) on page 21, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5236.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7639327
Callotillus elegans Erichson 1847
Creators: name: Burke, Alan F.
name: Leavengood, John M.
name: Zolnerowich, Gregory
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cleridae
Callotillus
Callotillus elegans

description: Callotillus elegans (Erichson, 1847)
Original combination: Tillus elegans Erichson, 1847. Synonyms: Callotillus occidentallis Gorham, 1882.
description: Published as part of Burke, Alan F., Leavengood, John M. & Zolnerowich, Gregory, 2015, A checklist of the New World species of Tillinae (Coleoptera: Cleridae), with an illustrated key to genera and new country records, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 4059 (1) on page 8, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4059.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/234970
Solenocaulon ramosa Hickson 1903
Creators: name: Ramvilas, Ghosh
name: Alderslade, Philip
name: Ranjeet, Kutty
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Anthozoa
Alcyonacea
Anthothelidae
Solenocaulon
Solenocaulon ramosa

description: Solenocaulon ramosa Hickson, 1903
Solenocaulon ramosa Hickson, 1903: 498–499, fig. 14–17 (Maldives, 71m); Harrison 1908: 190 (Bay of Bengal); Harrison 1909: 39, pl. 3, pl. 7 (Bay of Bengal—same material); Stiasny 1937: 49–51, fig. O (Hickson’s type).
Opinion: This species does occur in the region.
Justification:
These Indian records seem to be either invalid or unconfirmable: Thomson & Simpson 1909: 159, 162–163 (Bay of Bengal).
Literature analysis: This species was described by Hickson (1903) from the Maldives with images only of the distinctive colony form. Stiasny’s (1937) publication featured sclerite drawings of dubious quality from Hickson’s type. Harrison (1908) made a very brief report but she repeated it in 1909 with colony and sclerite figures, the latter being inadequate. Thomson & Simpson (1909) reported on a specimen from the Bay of Bengal and provided a comparative table of all species known to that date, but no illustrations of this species were provided.
description: Published as part of Ramvilas, Ghosh, Alderslade, Philip & Ranjeet, Kutty, 2023, The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice, pp. 1-124 in Zootaxa 5236 (1) on page 21, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5236.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7639327
Tillus elegans subsp. elegans Erichson 1847
Creators: name: Burke, Alan F.
name: Leavengood, John M.
name: Zolnerowich, Gregory
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cleridae
Tillus
Tillus elegans
C. e. elegans (erichson, 1847)

description: C. e. elegans (Erichson, 1847)
Distribution: USA: AZ, NM, TX; MEX: BC, BCS, CHIH, CHIS, GUE, JAL, MOR, NAY, OAX, SON; CAM: CR, GUA, HON, NIC; SA: PER.
References: Erichson 1847, Gorham 1882; Wickham and Wolcott 1912; Wolcott 1921, 1947; Barr 1950b, 1975; Corporaal 1950; Vaurie 1952a; Papp 1960; Rifkind 1996; Burke and Zolnerowich 2014c; Opitz 2014.
description: Published as part of Burke, Alan F., Leavengood, John M. & Zolnerowich, Gregory, 2015, A checklist of the New World species of Tillinae (Coleoptera: Cleridae), with an illustrated key to genera and new country records, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 4059 (1) on page 8, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4059.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/234970
Solenocaulon sterroclonium Germanos 1896
Creators: name: Ramvilas, Ghosh
name: Alderslade, Philip
name: Ranjeet, Kutty
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Anthozoa
Alcyonacea
Anthothelidae
Solenocaulon
Solenocaulon sterroclonium

description: Solenocaulon sterroclonium Germanos, 1896
Solenocaulon sterroklonium Germanos, 1896: 151–157, pl. 9, figs. 1–2, pl. 11, fig. 16 (Ternate).
Solenocaulon diplocalyx Germanos, 1896: 157, pl. 9, fig. 3, pl. 11, fig 17 (Ternate).
Solenocaulon sterroclonium Grasshoff 2000: 4–5, figs. 1–3 (Red Sea).
Opinion: It is not possible to determine if this species occurs in the region.
Justification:
These Indian records seem to be either invalid or unconfirmable: Thomson & Simpson 1909: 157–159, 160– 161 (table) (Andamans); Fernando 2011: 16, pl. 1, fig. 1–1f (Tuticorin); Fernando et al. 2017: 12, pl. 1, fig. 1–1c (Tuticorin).
Literature analysis:
This species was first described from Indonesia. The report by Thomson & Simpson (1909) is not illustrated so it is impossible to know what species these authors had. The descriptions of Indian material by Fernando (2011) and Fernando et al. (2017) are identical and very brief, and it is impossible to relate the small figures of dense mixtures of sclerites to any species. These authors refer the reader to the description given by Grasshoff (2000) for a specimen from the Red Sea. Rao & Devi (2003: 94) just list the species.
We wonder if the illustrations for Solenocaulon sterroclonium (plate 1) and for S. tortuosum (plate 2) of Fernando (2011) and Fernando et al. (2017) are perhaps reversed. The colony captioned as Solenocaulon sterroclonium has no substantial, narrow branches, which is quite unlike the illustrations given by Germanos and Grasshoff, but is much more like S. tortuosum as figured by Gray (1862: 36). On the other hand, the colony figured by the Indian authors for S. tortuosum does have substantial, narrow branches and resembles Grasshoff’s figures for S. sterroclonium.
description: Published as part of Ramvilas, Ghosh, Alderslade, Philip & Ranjeet, Kutty, 2023, The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice, pp. 1-124 in Zootaxa 5236 (1) on page 22, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5236.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7639327
Defining Mutagenesis Pathways in Breast Cancer Evolution
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Breast cancer is a genetic disease that begins with the mutation of DNA. Traditionally mutation, and therefore cancer, has been attributed to failure of the DNA replication and repair systems. More recently, researchers have come to appreciate that the cell must play an active role, and has the potential to induce mutations in response to stress. The capacity of cells to mutate themselves presents a novel approach to cancer prevention/treatment namely through the inhibition of proteins required for mutation.

 Our approach is to study mutation processes in yeast, then translate these finding to human breast cancer. Yeast has proven to be an excellent model organism to dissect out evolutionarily conserved cellular pathways, such as cell cycle and DNA repair pathways. For example, the three known mutagenesis genes Rev1, Rev3 and Rev7 were first identified in yeast. These genes, when deleted, render cells essentially immutable. Our approach involves systematic screening of large yeast deletion strain libraries. Thus, the first objective of this project is to generate a set of genes involved in mutagenesis using multiple screens with a variety of selection systems. The second objective is to characterize that set of genes in terms of their relationship to the REV genes (both genetic as well as any physical protein interactions). The last objective is to take a selected set of evolutionarily conserved mutagenesis genes in humans and characterize them in breast cancer cell lines with respect to mutation rates and development of drug resistance. For these experiments, human homologs from the selected yeast gene set will be deleted in breast cancer cell lines and tested for their ability to reduce mutation rates and prevent the development of drug resistance. We will collaborate with Dr. Brunhilde Felding-Haberman, a CBCRP-funded researcher, to accomplish the breast cancer specific portion of these studies.

 All stages of breast cancer show genetic instability whether it is the early stages when point mutations take place or the later stages when gross chromosomal abnormalities are observed. The majority of drug resistance is acquired through mutations in receptors and pumps in the cancer cells. The long term goal is to find an evolutionarily conserved mutation gene target in humans and develop a drug that would inhibit mutagenesis and prevent the emergence of drug resistance. Our novel approach of inhibiting mutagenesis has an immense potential of success not only because it fights cancer at its source, but also because it would be applicable to all patients with breast cancer undergoing therapy.
Modulation of TGF-beta Signaling in Mammary Epithelial Cells
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β) strongly inhibits the growth of mammary epithelial cells. Although it has tumor suppressor function, TGF-β can promote invasion and metastases of tumor cells at later stages of breast cancer progression. To develop effective TGF-β based drugs for treatment, it is important to understand the “switch” that converts it from a tumor suppressor to a tumor promoter. LM04, a gene regulatory protein (transcription factor) that our laboratory studies, is highly expressed during development of the mammary gland. Interfering with its function inhibits mammary gland development in mice. LM04 is overexpressed in over half of breast cancer cases, indicating that it may play a cancer-promoting role in breast cancer. We believe that the differential effects of TGF-β on epithelial vs. cancer cell may be regulated by LM04

 In preliminary experiments, I have discovered that increasing the expression of LM04 in mammary gland cells enhances the response of the cells to TGF-β. I plan to test whether LM04 can alter TGF-β responses in breast cancer cells and to understand the underlying mechanisms. Next, we will test our hypothesis in the context of a whole animal model, using genetically modified mice. Our work on genetically modified mice will be the most definitive test of the hypothesis that LM04 plays roles in mammary gland development and cancer. This approach is possible, since we have access to mice with mutations in both LM04 and TGF-β

 Understanding the relationship between LMO4 and TGF-β will be useful, because TGF-β therapeutics are being developed. The use of whole animal models having genetic defects for these genes is best way to study the processes at the molecular level in a system that most closely mimics the normal breast development.
Race/Ethnicity and Late Stage Breast Cancer
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Over 20 million Hispanics live in the United States, and more than 50% of them live in California. Between 1974 and 1991, over 50,000 cases of breast cancer have been diagnosed in Los Angeles White and Hispanic women, making it an issue of extreme importance. Breast cancer accounts for the largest number of incident cases of cancer among all ethnic groups in Los Angeles. With the LA Hispanic population age distribution reflecting that of third world countries, the issue of age and its impact in early breast cancer detection for the Hispanic population is also important to examine. Incidence rates for racial/ethnic groups have been published, but fail to account for socioeconomic status. Incidence rates by stage-of-diagnosis, socioeconomic status, age, and race/ethnicity are not readily available.

 The State of California's Breast Cancer Early Detection Program specifically targets women of lower socioeconomic status and minority racial/ethnic groups in order to improve breast cancer survival and reduce stage-at-diagnosis. In order to measure the progress and success of this program and other similar programs attempting to encourage earlier screening, appropriate baseline data will be needed. In particular, it will be important to be able to confidently examine changes in stage-of-diagnosis over time for subgroups of the population defined by race/ethnicity, age and socioeconomic status. One of the major contributions of this research will be to use various sophisticated statistical techniques (empirical Bayes and constrained empirical Bayes methodology) to provide reliable incidence rates calculated for these sub-populations. This type of methodology will help examine the incidence of late-stage breast cancer as it relates to socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, and time period, after adjusting for age.

 Finally, this methodology will help in studying the combination of all of the above variables in order to better understand the potential impact of early detection interventions. This study can provide a geographically-defined baseline of stage-specific incidence rates from which future calculations of late stage-of-diagnosis can be compared. We will examine our data for all of Los Angeles, dividing the County for analysis purpose into 86 Medical Service Study Areas (MSSAs) to be targeted for analysis. The results will enable policy makers and community service agencies to target the worst MSSAs with programs for the early detection of breast cancer. We will identify these MSSAs of extreme poverty and estimate baseline information about the incidence of late-stage diagnosis on a racial/ethnic and age-specific basis. Not only should our analysis help to focus future health education/outreach interventions, but will also offer a baseline from which to evaluate the effectiveness of these programs in the future.
Solenocaulon tortuosum Gray 1862
Creators: name: Ramvilas, Ghosh
name: Alderslade, Philip
name: Ranjeet, Kutty
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Anthozoa
Alcyonacea
Anthothelidae
Solenocaulon
Solenocaulon tortuosum

description: Solenocaulon tortuosum Gray, 1862
Solenocaulon tortuosum Gray, 1862: 34–35 (Northern Australia); Hickson 1903: 495–497, fig. 13 (Maldives); Grasshoff 1999: 6 (New Caledonia).
Opinion: There is some evidence that this species occurs in the region.
Justification:
These Indian records seem to be either invalid or unconfirmable: Thomson & Simpson 1909: 154–156, 160– 161 (table) (Kanyakumari; Andamans); Harrison 1908: 189–190 (Bay of Bengal); Harrison 1909: 39, pl. 3, pl. 7 (Bay of Bengal); Thomas & George 1986: 97, fig. 1a; Fernando 2011: 16–17, pl.1, fig. 2–2f (SW coast); Mary & Lazarus 2004: 33–34, figs 2,3 (Kanyakumari); Fernando et al. 2017: 14, pl.1, fig. 2–2f (SW coast).
description: Published as part of Ramvilas, Ghosh, Alderslade, Philip & Ranjeet, Kutty, 2023, The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice, pp. 1-124 in Zootaxa 5236 (1) on page 22, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5236.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7639327
Glycoconjugates: Novel Non-toxic Therapies for Breast Cancer
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Our research is focused on biology of risk factors for breast cancer. We have found that certain carbohydrate-binding proteins, called galectins, are present in breast cancers and even in pre-malignant lesions with a high-risk of progression. Research has shown that galectins are tumor-promoting proteins, and support tumor growth in many ways. One of their activities is immunosuppression, which is achieved by inhibiting cytotoxic T-cell functions or by inducing their apoptosis. We intend to test small non-toxic, non-hormonal lactulosamines, which are galectin inhibitors, to evaluate their effects on the activity of the immune system using breast tumor models. We have already shown that these compounds can slow down the growth of human-like cancers in mice, and nearly eradicate cancers when used as a complement to immunotherapy.

 In this study, we will investigate the mechanisms by which an immune response can be restored by galectin inhibitors. The results will tell us whether these compounds should be considered as potential novel non-toxic therapeutics that could be used to protect and maintain active immune systems in breast cancer and in high-risk patients. First, we plan to assess the impact of galectins on the suppression of both CD4 and CD8 T-cell functions in a murine transgenic model system. Then, we plan to study of anti-cancer activity of galectin-inhibiting lactulosamines in a murine system transgenic for the rat Her-2/neu protein. We hope to optimize anti-cancer treatment protocols, and to assess the effects of inhibitors on the immune response by isolating CD4 and CD8 T-cells from freshly excised tumors and testing their activation status. Finally, we plan to determine whether inhibitors enable animals to develop protective immune responses, by re-challenging mice having rejected the initial tumor burden.

 This research aims to test novel potential therapies targeting tumor-promoting proteins in the animal model of human breast cancer, and assess the benefits of these therapies by modulation of the immune system. If the tested lactulosamine compounds yield expected results, then they will become candidates for consideration as novel therapies for human breast cancer.
Tillus elegans subsp. vafer Wolcott 1921
Creators: name: Burke, Alan F.
name: Leavengood, John M.
name: Zolnerowich, Gregory
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cleridae
Tillus
Tillus elegans
C. e. vafer wolcott, 1921

description: C. e. vafer Wolcott, 1921
Distribution: USA: AZ, CA, NM, NV, TX.
References: Wickham and Wolcott 1912; Wolcott 1921, 1923; Barr 1950b, 1975; Corporaal 1950; Vaurie 1952a; Papp 1960; Burke and Zolnerowich 2014c.
description: Published as part of Burke, Alan F., Leavengood, John M. & Zolnerowich, Gregory, 2015, A checklist of the New World species of Tillinae (Coleoptera: Cleridae), with an illustrated key to genera and new country records, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 4059 (1) on page 8, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4059.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/234970
Biology of Telomere Length Conservation in Breast Cancer
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Breast cancer is likely a heterogeneous disease which occurs after the accumulation of many different genetic alterations. This heterogeneity complicates diagnostic and prevention advances since multiple approaches are necessary. However, all dividing cells suffer from the shortening of their chromosomes since normal cells cannot copy chromosomal ends (telomeres). The progressive loss of telomeres prevents normal cells from dividing forever. In contrast, breast cancer cells can divide forever and kill because they abnormally express an enzyme (telomerase) which repairs telomeres. The transition between telomerase-negative and telomerase-positive breast cells marks a critical conversion between cells which cannot divide forever and cells which are immortal. Therefore, a single telomerase assay can potentially identify all "immortal" or tumor breast cells from any patient. Combined with the high specificity of telomerase activity for cancer, this highly sensitive assay may facilitate the molecular detection of breast cancer.

 It is unknown when telomerase activity is expressed in breast cancer. Since many breast cancers contain both early and late tumor regions, micro-dissection of these regions followed by telomerase detection may identify whether it is produced very early or late in breast cancer development. A newly developed assay based on the polymerase chain reaction allows the sensitive detection of telomerase activity from as few as one cancer cell. Characterization of when telomerase is expressed during breast cancer progression should help identify tumorigenic factors which induce its abnormal production, and further identify the assay's potential to detect very early breast cancers.