cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Evolution strategies applied to the problem of line profile decomposition in QSO spectra
Creators: name: Quast, R.
name: Baade, R.
name: Reimers, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the decomposition of QSO absorption line ensembles applying an evolutionary forward modelling technique. The modelling is optimized using an evolution strategy (ES) based on a novel concept of completely derandomized self-adaption. The algorithm is described in detail. Its global optimization performance in decomposing a series of simulated test spectra is compared to that of classical deterministic algorithms. Our comparison demonstrates that the ES is a highly competitive algorithm capable to calculate the optimal decomposition without requiring any particular initialization.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Astron. Astrophys., corrected figure misplacements, full resolution manuscript can be obtained at http://www.hs.uni-hamburg.de/EN/Ins/Per/Quast/
Signal Separation Using a Mathematical Model of Physiological Signals for the Measurement of Heart Pulse Wave Propagation With Array Radar
Creators: name: Sakamoto, Takuya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The arterial pulse wave, which propagates along the artery, is an important indicator of various cardiovascular diseases. By measuring the displacement at multiple parts of the human body, pulse wave velocity can be estimated from the pulse transit time. This paper proposes a technique for signal separation using an antenna array, so that pulse wave propagation can be measured in a non-contact manner. The body displacements due to the pulse wave at different body parts are highly correlated, and cannot be accurately separated using techniques that assume independent or uncorrelated signals. The proposed method formulates the signal separation as an optimization problem, based on a mathematical model of the arterial pulse wave. The objective function in the optimization comprises four terms that are derived based on a small-displacement approximation, unimodal impulse response approximation, and a causality condition. The optimization process was implemented using a genetic algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through numerical simulations and experiments.
description: This paper has been published in IEEE Access (Early Access), 12 pages, 17 figures
IR-finite thermal acceleration radiation
Creators: name: Ievlev, Evgenii
name: Good, Michael R. R.
name: Linder, Eric V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A charge accelerating in a straight line following the Schwarzschild-Planck moving mirror motion emits thermal radiation for a finite period. Such a mirror motion demonstrates quantum purity and serves as a direct analogy of a black hole with unitary evolution and complete evaporation. Extending the analog to classical electron motion, we derive the emission spectrum, power radiated, and finite total energy and particle count, with particular attention to the thermal radiation limit. This potentially opens the possibility of a laboratory analog of black hole evaporation.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures
Polarización y segregación en la distribución del ingreso en el Perú: trayectorias desiguales
Creators: name: Escobal, Javier
name: Ponce, Carmen
name: Escobal, Javier
name: Ponce, Carmen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Political Economy
subject: Distribución del Ingreso
subject: Desigualdad económica
subject: Desigualdad social
subject: PObreza
subject: Perú
subject: Income distribution
subject: Economic disparity
subject: Social inequality
subject: Poverty
subject: Peru

description: A partir de estimaciones de crecimiento del gasto per cápita, pobreza y desigualdad para los años 1981, 1993 y 2007, el estudio encuentra que si bien la desigualdad del gasto per cápita entre individuos (medida por los coeficientes de Gini o de Theil) muestra una ligera tendencia a la baja, las desigualdades entre grupos (asociadas a procesos desegregación y polarización y vinculadas en la literatura a una mayor conflictividad social) se habrían exacerbado. En particular, se observa una tendencia de largo plazo a la segregación y polarización espacial a favor de las grandes ciudades en contraposición a la dinámica deciudades pequeñas y pueblos. Esta tendencia hacia una creciente polarización espacial va de la mano de una creciente polarización entre grupos indígenas y no indígenas. Sin embargo, no se observa una tendencia similar entre grupos con niveles educativos distintos.
Superlogarithmic estimates on pseudoconvex domains and CR manifolds
Creators: name: Kohn, J. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 32W10 (primary) 32V15, 32W05, 35H10, 35N15 (secondary)

description: This paper is concerned with proving superlogarithmic estimates for the operator $\Box_b$ on pseudoconvex CR manifolds and using them to establish hypoellipticity of $\Box_b$ and of the $\bar{\partial}$-Neumann problem. These estimates are established under the assumption that subellipticity degenerates in certain specified ways.
description: 36 pages published version
Additional file 1 of Understanding the body image perception of pregnant women during their third trimester in a tertiary care setting in Southern India
Creators: name: Desai, Ketaki
name: Poojari, Deepalaxmi Paresh
name: Shwetha, T.S.
name: Upadhyaya, Rajani
name: Ramachandra, Preetha
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Biotechnology
Science Policy
Mental Health
Cardiology

description: Supplementary Material 1
Computational interface capturing methods for phase change in porous media
Creators: name: Bridge, Lloyd James
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: In this thesis, computational interface capturing methods for mathematical models related to fluid phase change processes in porous media are studied. The mathematical models are often singular and degenerate, which contributes to the computational difficulty. An analysis of a smoothing method applied to a one dimensional free interface problem is presented. An asymptotic analysis shows the dependence of the error in the computed interface location on the chosen small smoothing radius. Numerical convergence studies are performed for existing capturing methods applied to simple, scalar, moving interface problems, for later comparison with convergence rates for a new capturing method applied to a coupled, vector model problem. A model problem for two-phase fluid flow and heat transfer with phase change in a porous medium is described. The model is based on a steamwater mixture in sand. Under certain conditions, a two-phase zone, in which liquid and vapour coexist, is separated from a region of only vapour by an interface. Two numerical methods are described for locating the interface in the one-dimensional, steady-state problem; one of these is based on an existing method, while the other uses the method of Residual Velocities. Agreement between solutions from these two methods is demonstrated, and the results from the steady-state computations are used as benchmarks for the numerical results for the transient problem. It is shown that methods such as front-tracking and the level-set method are not practical for the solution of the transient problem, due to the indeterminate nature of the interface velocity, in common with similar degenerate diffusion problems. An interface-capturing method, based on a two-phase mixture formulation, is presented. A finite volume method is developed, and numerical results show evolution to the correct steady-state. Furthermore, similarity solutions are found, and the interface is shown to propagate at the correct velocity, by way of a numerical convergence study. Numerical resultsfor the two-dimensional problem are also presented.
The Economic Impact of allowing Partial Decoupling under the 2003 Common Agricultural Policy reforms on Scottish agriculture
Creators: name: Renwick, Alan W.
name: Jansson, Torbjorn
name: Thomson, Steven
name: Revoredo-Giha, Cesar
name: Barnes, Andrew Peter
name: Renwick, Alan W.
name: Jansson, Torbjorn
name: Thomson, Steven
name: Revoredo-Giha, Cesar
name: Barnes, Andrew Peter
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Land Economics/Use

description: The agreement to decouple EU direct farm payments from production and introduce the Single Payment Scheme (SPS) was formally made by the Council of Agricultural Ministers in June 2003. Due to concerns raised, the SPS provided Member States the scope to retain some coupled support and this option was taken up by some Member States but not others. Within the UK, Scotland was the only country to take advantage of Article 69 and pay a coupled payment for beef calves (under the Scottish Beef Calf Scheme). This paper, through using conceptual and empirical analyses, assesses whether and to what extent partial decoupling affected the single market and the effect that it had on the EU, member states and Scotland. The results of a modelling exercise (using the CAPRI model) highlight that production in coupled countries is higher than would be the case if they had decoupled, and this has subsequent impacts on other EU Member States through price and trade effects. This is particularly the case in the beef sector. Scottish producers would have been an estimated £31.6m pounds better off if all EU countries had fully decoupled under the reforms. This highlights that Scottish Agriculture was disadvantaged by the decision made in 2003 to allow partial coupling of payments. In addition, even though it would have led to the removal of the Scottish Beef Calf Scheme, beef producers would have been better off if full decoupling had been implemented and Article 69 measures not allowed.
Structure of strongly interacting polyelectrolyte diblock copolymer micelles
Creators: name: Korobko, A. V.
name: Jesse, W.
name: Lapp, A.
name: Egelhaaf, S. U.
name: van der Maarel, J. R. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The structure of spherical micelles of the diblock poly(styrene-block-acrylic acid) [PS-b-PA] copolymer in water was investigated up to concentrations where the polyelectrolyte coronal layers have to shrink and/or interpenetrate in order to accommodate the micelles in the increasingly crowded volume. We obtained the partial structure factors pertaining to the core and corona density correlations with small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and contrast matching in the water. The counterion structure factor was obtained with small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) with a synchrotron radiation source. Furthermore, we have measured the flow curves and dynamic visco-elastic moduli. The functionality of the micelles is fixed with a 9 nm diameter PS core and a corona formed by around 100 PA arms. As shown by the SAXS intensities, the counterions are distributed in the coronal layer with the same density profile as the corona forming segments. Irrespective ionic strength and micelle charge, the corona shrinks with increasing packing fraction. At high charge and minimal screening conditions, the polyelectrolyte chains remain almost fully stretched and they interdigitate once the volume fraction exceeds the critical value 0.53+/-0.02. Interpenetration of the polyelectrolyte brushes also controls the fluid rheology: the viscosity increases by 3 orders of magnitude and the parallel frequency scaling behavior of the dynamic moduli suggests the formation of a physical gel. In excess salt, the coronal layers are less extended and they do not interpenetrate in the present concentration range.
description: 33 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in The Journal of Chemical Physics
title: Distributio -constrained optimal stopping problems in discrete time
Creators: name: Pammer, Gudmund
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optimaler Transport
subject: Optimales Stoppen
subject: Optimal Transport
subject: Optimal Stopping

description: Die vorliegende Arbeit hat eine verallgemeinerte Version eines "optimal stopping"-Problems in diskreter Zeit als Hauptfokus. Unterschiedliche Herangehensweisen an dieses Problem werden vorgezeigt und besprochen, wie das Verwenden von einem Raum von "couplings", welche zusätzlich lineare Nebenbedingungen erfüllen, oder jenes von sogenannten "adapted random probability measures". Weiters wird eine Verbindung dieser Sichtweisen aufgezeigt und die Existenz einer optimalen Lösung bewiesen. In den abschließenden Kapiteln wird ein Monotonie-Prinzip anhand eines Beispiels vorgeführt. Für eine spezielle Klasse an Kostenfunktionen wird Optimalität (und Eindeutigkeit) einer "greedy"-Strategy gezeigt. Der Beweis basiert stark auf jener Idee, die hinter einem Monotonie-Prinzip in diskreter Zeit steckt, welche wiederum von einem Monotonie-Prinzip in stetiger Zeit abgeleitet wurde. Zuletzt wird Optimalität auch unter Verwendung dieses Monotonie-Prinzips gezeigt.
description: This thesis is focused on a more general type of optimal stopping problems in discrete time. Varying approaches of viewing this problem are discussed and introduced, e.g.\ using a space of couplings under linear constraints or so-called adapted random probability measures. A connection between these views is made and existence of an optimal solution is shown. Further, a modified version of Monge-Kantorovich duality is established. The final sections show a monotonicity principle with examples. For a special class of cost functions, optimality (and uniqueness) of a "greedy strategy" is established. In particular, the proof resembles the main idea behind a monotonicity principle for discrete time, which in turn is based on a monotonicity principle for continuous time. Finally, optimality of the "greedy strategy" is shown using monotonicity.
Effects of CP phases on the Phenomenology of SUSY Particles
Creators: name: Bartl, A.
name: Hesselbach, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review our recent studies on the effects of CP-violating supersymmetric (SUSY) parameters on the phenomenology of neutralinos, charginos and third generation squarks. The CP-even branching ratios of the squarks show a pronounced dependence on the phases of A_t, A_b, mu and M_1 in a large region of the supersymmetric parameter space, which can be used to get information on these phases. In addition we have studied CP-odd observables, like asymmetries based on triple product correlations. In neutralino and chargino production with subsequent three-body decays these asymmetries can be as large as 20%.
description: 10 pages, LaTeX, 4 eps figures, uses ws-procs9x6.cls, invited plenary talk presented by A. Bartl at the "10th International Symposium on Particles, Strings and Cosmology (PASCOS'04/NathFest)", Northeastern University, Boston, MA, August 16-22, 2004
Rapid Integrated Assessment of Climate Change-Induced Disease Burdens under Uncertainty
Creators: name: Baulcomb, Corinne
name: Moran, Dominic
name: Baulcomb, Corinne
name: Moran, Dominic
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Climate Change Health Impacts
subject: Integrated Assessment
subject: Disease Projection
subject: Uncertainty
subject: Nonmarket Valuation

description: This paper contributes to research on projecting and valuing the impacts of climate change on human health by proposing and implementing a methodology that allows for rapid integrated assessment of climate change-induced disease burdens to be used in environments characterized by cumulating uncertainty relating to data gaps and the accuracy of downscaled projections. The approach is important because the countries most vulnerable to the early effects of climate change need to start laying the foundations for their adaptation policies now, regardless of the quality of their national health and environmental data sets. The methodology consists of a series of specifically delineated, iterative steps that helps to identify hierarchy of variables driving the quantitative results. The method also helps to identify key data gaps, thereby providing an important focus for subsequent research, monitoring, and data collection efforts. The paper demonstrates this methodology by applying it to the projection and valuation of the excess disease burden in Montserrat and Saint Lucia for two climate change scenarios. We illustrate their utility in the context of adaptation planning. This paper also highlights that investment in data collection and information systems is a “no regrets” action that should be considered integral to national and regional adaptation efforts, particularly in instances where current data do not facilitate the implementation of best practice health impact assessment methods.
Additional file 2 of Denture microbiome shift and changes of salivary inflammatory markers following insertion of 3D printed removable partial PMMA denture: a pilot study
Creators: name: Yacob, Norlela
name: Safii, Syarida Hasnur
name: Ahmad, Norasmatul Akma
name: Yunus, Norsiah
name: Razak, Fathilah Abdul
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 2
Review of the Evidence Linking Climate Change to Human Health for Eight Diseases of Tropical Importance
Creators: name: Baulcomb, Corinne
name: Baulcomb, Corinne
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Climate Change Health Impacts
subject: Malaria
subject: Dengue Fever
subject: Gastroenteritis
subject: Schistosomiasis
subject: Leptospirosis
subject: Ciguatera Poisoning
subject: Meningococcal Meningitis
subject: Cardiovascular Disease
subject: Respiratory Disease

description: As human societies are beginning to feel the early effects of 21st Century climate change, adaptation is becoming an increasingly important area of enquiry across a range of human sectors and activities. This is particularly true for the health sectors of tropical developing countries, as many of these countries will be some of the first to experience the impacts of global warming. Given this, it is important to understand the mechanisms through which climate change may impact on human health, and thus on the social welfare in tropical developing countries and the resourcing requirements of their health sectors. This paper reviews and synthesizes the published literature on the causal links between climate change and human disease for eight diseases of tropical importance: malaria, dengue fever, gastroenteritis, schistosomiasis, leptospirosis, ciguatera poisoning, meningococcal meningitis, and cardio-respiratory disease.
Taming the fixed-node error in diffusion Monte Carlo via range separation
Creators: name: Scemama, Anthony
name: Giner, Emmanuel
name: Benali, Anouar
name: Loos, Pierre-François
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By combining density-functional theory (DFT) and wave function theory (WFT) via the range separation (RS) of the interelectronic Coulomb operator, we obtain accurate fixed-node diffusion Monte Carlo (FN-DMC) energies with compact multi-determinant trial wave functions. In particular, we combine here short-range exchange-correlation functionals with a flavor of selected configuration interaction (SCI) known as \emph{configuration interaction using a perturbative selection made iteratively} (CIPSI), a scheme that we label RS-DFT-CIPSI. One of the take-home messages of the present study is that RS-DFT-CIPSI trial wave functions yield lower fixed-node energies with more compact multi-determinant expansions than CIPSI, especially for small basis sets. Indeed, as the CIPSI component of RS-DFT-CIPSI is relieved from describing the short-range part of the correlation hole around the electron-electron coalescence points, the number of determinants in the trial wave function required to reach a given accuracy is significantly reduced as compared to a conventional CIPSI calculation. Importantly, by performing various numerical experiments, we evidence that the RS-DFT scheme essentially plays the role of a simple Jastrow factor by mimicking short-range correlation effects, hence avoiding the burden of performing a stochastic optimization. Considering the 55 atomization energies of the Gaussian-1 benchmark set of molecules, we show that using a fixed value of $μ=0.5$~bohr$^{-1}$ provides effective error cancellations as well as compact trial wave functions, making the present method a good candidate for the accurate description of large chemical systems.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures, SI at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3996568
Computing the Tracy-Widom Distribution for Arbitrary $β>0$
Creators: name: Trogdon, Thomas
name: Zhang, Yiting
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 65M06, 60B20, 60H25

description: We compute the Tracy-Widom distribution describing the asymptotic distribution of the largest eigenvalue of a large random matrix by solving a boundary-value problem posed by Bloemendal in his Ph.D. Thesis (2011). The distribution is computed in two ways. The first method is a second-order finite-difference method and the second is a highly accurate Fourier spectral method. Since $β$ is simply a parameter in the boundary-value problem, any $β> 0$ can be used, in principle. The limiting distribution of the $n$th largest eigenvalue can also be computed. Our methods are available in the Julia package TracyWidomBeta.jl.
High energy QCD from Planckian scattering in AdS and the Froissart bound
Creators: name: Kang, Kyungsik
name: Nastase, Horatiu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reanalyze high energy QCD scattering regimes from scattering in cut-off AdS via gravity-gauge dualities (a la Polchinski-Strassler). We look at 't Hooft scattering, Regge behaviour and black hole creation in AdS. Black hole creation in the gravity dual is analyzed via gravitational shockwave collisions. We prove the saturation of the QCD Froissart unitarity bound, corresponding to the creation of black holes of AdS size, as suggested by Giddings.
description: 39 pages, latex, clarifying comments added throughout at referee's request, version to be published in PRD
Multimodal Project: Anatomy of a Genre
Creators: name: Stecher, Gabrielle
Publisher: name: unknown
Year: 2024

description: How do genres work, and how can we assess students' understanding of their makeup? This assignment includes a three part essay component and a multimodal remediation, allowing students to distill and translate their genre study into a new learning object. This assignment can easily be applied to the study of any artistic genre (literature, music, film, visual arts, etc).
Looking for a vector charmonium-like state $Y$ in $e^{+}e^{-}\rightarrow\bar{D}D_{1}(2420)+c.c.$
Creators: name: Zhang, Jian-Rong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inspired by the first observation of a vector charmonium-like state $Y(4626)$ decaying to a meson pair $D_{s}^{+}D_{s1}(2536)^{-}$, which could be viewed as a $P$-wave scalar-scalar $[cs][\bar{c}\bar{s}]$ tetraquark state, we predict a potential vector charmonium-like state $Y$ with $P$-wave scalar-scalar $[cq][\bar{c}\bar{q}]$ configuration. The corresponding mass spectrum of $Y$ state is calculated to be $4.33^{+0.16}_{-0.23}~\mbox{GeV}$ in the framework of QCD sum rules. We suggest that the predicted $Y$ state could be looked for in an open-charm $e^{+}e^{-}\rightarrow\bar{D}D_{1}(2420)+c.c.$ process.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures; the version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
How to Protect Your High Value Assets
Creators: name: Benestelli, Brian
name: Shawgo, Emily
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 80303 Computer System Security
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Every organization has mission-critical information and technology assets that require enhanced security. Private organizations may identify these assets informally or rely on community knowledge to decide how to prioritize security resources. Federal government departments and agencies, however, have official guidelines for identifying and securing their high value assets. These guidelines can provide lessons for all organizations protecting their most critical assets. This blog post will outline the background of the federal High Value Asset (HVA) Program, explain the resources available to guide the securing of high value assets, and discuss ways to apply these resources to your own assets.
title: Adaptives Filter zur Positionsbestimmung eines Positronenemitters in einer neuartigen PET/MRT-Kopfspule
Creators: name: Glanzer, Mathias
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: PET
subject: MRT
subject: Abschwächungskorrektur
subject: Adaptives Filter
subject: PET
subject: MRI
subject: Attenuation Correction
subject: Adaptive Filter

description: Die Abschwächungskorrektur für ein PET kann bei einem PET/MRT nicht direkt aus den MRT-Daten gewonnen werden. Neben verschiedenen MRT-basierten Lösungen, welche bisweilen nicht zu zufriedenstellenden Ergebnissen geführt haben, kam eine neue Idee auf, welche auf einer zusätzlichen Transmissionsquelle beruht (Tx-basiert). Dafür wurde eine PET/MRT-Kopfspule entwickelt, die eine spiralförmige Bewegung einer solchen Quelle in einem Schlauchsystem um den Patienten erlaubt. Um die erhaltenen Daten für die Abschwächungskorrektur nutzen zu können, muss jedoch jederzeit die Position dieser Quelle bekannt sein. Mit Hilfe eines MRT-kompatiblen Lichtschrankensystems ist es möglich die Transmissionsquelle an bestimmten Punkten zu orten. Basierend auf dieser Grundlage wurde ein Programm entwickelt, das Informationen über den Aufenthaltsort für jeden Zeitpunkt eines Scans bereitstellt. In Experimenten wurde beobachtet, dass vor allem das eingefüllte Volumen in diese Quelle Einfluss auf die Bewegung hat. Das Programm berechnet daher verschiedene Korrekturfaktoren für die Geschwindigkeit, abhängig von der aktuellen Position im Schlauchsystem.
description: In PET/MRI an attenuation map for the PET cannot be obtained directly by the MRI data. At the moment different MRI-based segmentation methods are available but none of them leads to satisfying results. Therefore a new idea came up with the aim to achieve an attenuation map via a transmission-based (Txbased) segmentation. A head coil system was developed which allows to move a transmission source within a liquid drive around the patient. To use the data obtained by this source, its location has to be known at any time. An MRIcompatible lightbarrier system has the possibility to track the pellet within the hydraulic drive on defined spots. As the motion of the point source is not consistent due to different effects, a program should provide information about the location at any time of the scan. The experiments showed that especially the filling of the point source has an influence on its movement. The developed program considers this effect by calculating different correction factors for different parts of the liquid drive.
Market structure and coherence of international cooperation: the case of the dairy sector in Malawi
Creators: name: Revoredo-Giha, Cesar
name: Revoredo-Giha, Cesar
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: Malawi dairy supply chain
subject: development economics
subject: industrial organisation.

description: A supply chain in disarray can be identified not only as a barrier to growth for the agricultural sector but also as one to achieving food security in a country because it may lead to either a deficiency in food production and/or too high prices. Using the dairy sector of Malawi as an example, the purpose of this paper is to discuss the coherence between market structure and the development strategy pursued by international donors via. Within Malawi the dairy sector may be characterised as a segmented market: with both formal and informal milk markets, with smallholder producers serving both markets. The formal market includes a reducing number of processing firms operating with idle capacity and selling dairy products to an affluent segment of the urban population, whilst the informal market comprises the sale of unprocessed milk products to the less affluent urban population and also rural areas. In this context, cooperative international action, conducted through agencies from a range of countries, is targeted at improving the efficiency of the formal supply chain and also the creation of local supply chains that sell processed products directly to poor consumers. The paper discusses reasons why these two cooperation strategies, given the structure of the sector, may potentially conflict with each other, the need to address the degree of market imperfection of the formal sector and the desirability of ex-ante coordination of plans amongst donors.
The relationship between output and unemployment in Scotland: A regional analysis
Creators: name: Revoredo-Giha, Cesar
name: Leat, Philip M.K.
name: Renwick, Alan W.
name: Revoredo-Giha, Cesar
name: Leat, Philip M.K.
name: Renwick, Alan W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Public Economics
subject: Unemployment
subject: Scotland
subject: growth
subject: panel data
subject: cointegration

description: The relationship between unemployment and growth (i.e., the so-called Okun’s Law) has long standing in macroeconomics and regional economics. In this paper we estimate such a relationship for Scotland and at the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS) level 3 regions using a panel dataset. The main motivations behind this interest are twofold: first, to test whether such a relationship exists in Scotland and how different these estimates are from those produced for the UK. Second, whether there exist regional differences in the estimates. The latter is particularly important in the context of the current budgetary cuts, which may affect both GDP growth and unemployment in different ways rural and urban areas. Results indicate that the Okun’s coefficient for Scotland is slightly higher than the one computed for the UK (1.7 Scotland versus 1.39 and 1.45 for the UK), and although an Okun relationship seemed to be valid for most of the regions, there were no statistical differences between rural and urban areas. However, as regards the effect of economic growth on unemployment, the results indicate a different and stronger effect in urban areas than in rural areas.
Large amplitude electromagnetic solitons in a fully relativistic magnetized electron-positron-pair plasma
Creators: name: Banerjee, Gadadhar
name: Dutta, Sayantan
name: Misra, A. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonlinear propagation of purely stationary large amplitude electromagnetic (EM) solitary waves in a magnetized electron-positron (EP) plasma is studied using a fully relativistic two-fluid hydrodynamic model which accounts for physical regimes of both weakly relativistic $(P\ll nmc^2)$ and ultrarelativistic $(P\gg nmc^2)$ random thermal energies. Here, $P$ is the thermal pressure, $n$ the number density and $m$ the mass of a particle, and $c$ is the speed of light in vacuum. Previous theory in the literature [Phys. Plasmas \textbf{11}, 3078 (2004)] is advanced and generalized by the relativistic thermal motion of both electrons and positrons. While both the sub-Alfv{é}nic and super-Alfv{é}nic solitons coexist in the weakly relativistic regime, the ultrarelativistic EP plasmas in contrast support only the sub-Alfv{é}nic solitons. Different limits of the Mach numbers and soliton amplitudes are also examined in these two physical regimes.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
Elliptic curves with rational 2-torsion and related ternary Diophantine equations
Creators: name: Mulholland, Jamie Thomas
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Our main result is a classification of elliptic curves with rational 2-torsion and good reduction outside 2, 3 and a prime p. This extends the work of Hadano and, more recently, Ivorra. A key factor in doing this is to have a method for efficiently computing the conductor of an elliptic curve with 2-torsion. We specialize the work of Papadopolous to provide such a method. Next, we determine all the rational points on the hyper-elliptic curves y² = x⁵ ± 2a 3b . This information is required in providing the classification mentioned above. We show how the commercial mathematical software package MAGMA can be used in solving this problem. As an application, we turn our attention to the ternary Diophantine equations xn + yn = 2a pz² and x³ + y³ = ± pm zn, where p denotes a fixed prime. In the first equation, we show that for p = 5 or p > 7 the equation is unsolvable in integers (x, y, z) for all suitably large primes n. In the second equation, we show the same conclusion holds for an infinite collection of primes p. To do this, we use the connections between Galois representations, modular forms, and elliptic curves which were discovered by Frey, Hellegouarch, Serre, and Wiles.
A method for constructing an index of sustainable intensification within the developed country context
Creators: name: Barnes, Andrew Peter
name: Barnes, Andrew Peter
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Sustainable Intensification
subject: Scottish Cattle Farming
subject: Positive Matrix Factorisation

description: A number of influential policy circles have championed sustainable intensification as an approach to meet the challenge of a growing population under increasing land constraints. Various definitions exist for sustainable intensification, but most have been focused on the environment and on the needs of developing countries. Fewer studies have applied the concept to developed economies, where the pursuit of output increases is less justified, nor extended the definition to include social, economic and ethical parameters. This paper develops an approach to defining and measuring sustainable intensification on a regional basis. We test this approach using data from the Farm Account Data Network for a balanced panel of 42 beef farms within Scotland. Indicators of economic, ecosystem and social parameters are derived from this database and measured over the period 2000-2010. These variables are objectively weighted within an overall index using Positive Matrix Factorisation (PMF), a form of Factor Analysis which constrains results to positive loadings and offers less ambiguity with relation to rotation. We find little change in Scottish Beef farming with respect to Sustainable Intensification, which reflects both a policy which has not supported intensification or output expansion over this period, nor has it increased the economic, social or ecosystem sustainability over this period. We argue that regions should adopt a definition of sustainable intensification that i) is specific to the production trajectories of that region and offers clarity within estimation and measurement. The conceptualisation of sustainable intensification along these lines would, we recommend, allow key members of the food supply chain to develop specific solutions to avoid future projected problems in food production.
ANÁLISIS Y VENTAJAS DEL MERCADO DE FUTUROS EN COMMODITTIES AGRÍCOLAS PARA LA PARTICIPACIÓN DE LOS PRODUCTOS MEXICANOS
Creators: name: Marquez Guerrero, Elisa Maria
name: Quiroz Guzman, Tamara
name: Arredondo Tejedor, Francisco Arturo
name: Marquez Guerrero, Elisa Maria
name: Quiroz Guzman, Tamara
name: Arredondo Tejedor, Francisco Arturo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: The article shows how to operate in the Future worldwide markets, focusing on agricultural commodities or agricultural derivatives, their advantages and benefits, analyzing the situation of the futures market for agricultural Mexican products. The importance of the creation of the Camera Nacional Agropecuaria (CANAGRO) to regulate the farming producer's commercial activities and a small example of the worldwide database of Chambers of Commerce for Agricultural Commodites in which Mexican farm products could trade.
Existence and uniqueness of solutions to the damped Navier-Stokes equations with Navier boundary conditions for three dimensional incompressible fluid
Creators: name: Haloi, Rajib
name: Pal, Subha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 76D05, 35A01, 35Q30, 76D03

description: In this article, we study the solutions of the damped Navier--Stokes equation with Navier boundary condition in a bounded domain $Ω$ in $\mathbb{R}^3$ with smooth boundary. The existence of the solutions is global with the damped term $\vartheta |u|^{β-1}u, \vartheta >0.$ The regularity and uniqueness of solutions with Navier boundary condition is also studied. This extends the existing results in literature.
Methods-Calculating the change in Gibbs free energy (ddGbind) of inhibitor binding associated with genetic variations of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease
Creators: name: Yazdani, Setayesh
name: De Maio, Nicola
name: Schapira, Matthieu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: This method document accompanies the post on openlabnotebook.org here. In this document, we explain how we calculated the change in Gibbs free energy (ddGbind) of inhibitor binding associated with genetic variations of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease. Nicola De Maio provided a detailed method document for the work he did here prior to this step, which was investigating evolution at the catalytic site of the main SARS-CoV-2 protease using over 15,000 genomes.
PRODUCCIÓN DE NOPAL VERDURA EN CONDICIONES DE INVERNADERO
Creators: name: Ramirez Abarca, Orsohe
name: Figueroa Hernandez, Esther
name: Espinosa Torres, Luis Enrique
name: Ortiz Rosales, Miguel Angel
name: Ramirez Abarca, Orsohe
name: Figueroa Hernandez, Esther
name: Espinosa Torres, Luis Enrique
name: Ortiz Rosales, Miguel Angel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Production
subject: vegetable “nopal”
subject: greenhouse
subject: profitability indicators.

description: The vegetable “nopal” production or “nopalitos” is distinctive on the Mexican diet due to its nurturing and medicinal properties, mainly in Texcoco, State of Mexico; the place in which the research was carried out. In this sense, the investment project was evaluated so as to know the profitability indicators for the production of the “nopal” vegetable in greenhouse conditions. In order to achieve these results, information about the costs of the greenhouses was collected, differed costs, labor capital and the volume of production was determined on a surface of 16,800 m2. In addition, the retail prices took also an important part on the research so as to measure the income this project generates. Results show that the cost structure is formed by 91.0% of fixed costs, 4.8% differed costs and 4.2% labor capital, indicating that the total of investment was of $6,927,692.05. The eleven-year financial evaluation showed that the project is profitable, because the Net Actual Value (NAV) = 3,266,706, Cost Benefit Ratio = 1.15, Net Investment Ratio = 1.45, Internal Return Rate (IRR) of a 20.6% and the balance point in 26.8%. Besides, it was found that the project suffers no alteration by price changes and increment of production costs.
title: Usage, potentials and challenges of building information modelling (BIM) in Slovenia, Austria, Germany and Switzerland
Creators: name: Jus, Amanda
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: BIM
subject: usefulness

description: In the masterâ s thesis, the main potentials, challenges and usage of Information Building Modelling (BIM) in Slovenia, Austria, Germany and Switzerland are presented, including its, because BIM is currently the most widely discussed topic in civil engineering. The study was based on a questionnaire that was carefully created at the HSLU (Hochschule Luzern) in Switzerland. We participated in the last phases of its development. . With the help of the results of the questionnaire, we evaluated the current usage and acceptance of BIM among all participants in the building process.
Gini-stable Lorenz curves and their relation to the generalised Pareto distribution
Creators: name: Bertoli-Barsotti, Lucio
name: Gagolewski, Marek
name: Siudem, Grzegorz
name: Żogała-Siudem, Barbara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Econometrics (econ.EM)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce an iterative discrete information production process where we can extend ordered normalised vectors by new elements based on a simple affine transformation, while preserving the predefined level of inequality, G, as measured by the Gini index.
 Then, we derive the family of empirical Lorenz curves of the corresponding vectors and prove that it is stochastically ordered with respect to both the sample size and G which plays the role of the uncertainty parameter. We prove that asymptotically, we obtain all, and only, Lorenz curves generated by a new, intuitive parametrisation of the finite-mean Pickands' Generalised Pareto Distribution (GPD) that unifies three other families, namely: the Pareto Type II, exponential, and scaled beta distributions. The family is not only totally ordered with respect to the parameter G, but also, thanks to our derivations, has a nice underlying interpretation. Our result may thus shed a new light on the genesis of this family of distributions.
 Our model fits bibliometric, informetric, socioeconomic, and environmental data reasonably well. It is quite user-friendly for it only depends on the sample size and its Gini index.
Structural and Thermodynamic Properties of Hard-Sphere Fluids
Creators: name: Santos, Andrés
name: Yuste, Santos B.
name: de Haro, Mariano López
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This Perspective article provides an overview of some of our analytical approaches to the computation of the structural and thermodynamic properties of single-component and multicomponent hard-sphere fluids. For the structural properties, they yield a thermodynamically consistent formulation, thus improving and extending the known analytical results of the Percus--Yevick theory. Approximate expressions linking the equation of state of the single-component fluid to the one of the multicomponent mixture are also discussed.
description: 34 pages, 10 figures; v2: Minor changes. Featured in https://aip.scitation.org/action/doSearch? SeriesKey=jcp&AllField=10.1063%2F5.0023903&ConceptID=19590&quickLinkYear=&quickLinkVolume=. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:0704.0157
4DRL Report Series 10 - A disappearing historical landscape: UAS documentation of the Maas River diversion area near Maasband, Maastricht
Creators: name: Waagen, J.
Publisher: name: University of Amsterdam / Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Humanities
subject: FOS: Humanities
subject: Information and Computing Sciences
subject: Technology

description: The drone documentation operations were commissioned by dr. Eelco Rensink of the Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed, in collaboration with the Maasband Project group (drs. Rob Paulussen, http://www.maasbandproject.nl/). The goal of the project has been to test the potential of UAS documentation and remote sensing in the historical geographical landscape context around the Meuse River in Limburg and to evaluate what type of landscape, historical and/or archaeological features can be identified in the area. Prior to the fieldwork, an intensive desk-based assessment was carried out and based on this, the bounds of the current drone research area have been established (Paulussen et al. 2020).
Optimizing the yield of Sunyaev-Zel'dovich cluster surveys
Creators: name: Battye, Richard A.
name: Weller, Jochen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the optimum depth of a cluster survey selected using the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect. By using simple models for the evolution of the cluster mass function and detailed modeling for a variety of observational techniques, we show that the optimum survey yield is achieved when the average size of the clusters selected is close to the size of the telescope beam. For a total power measurement, we compute the optimum noise threshold per beam as a function of the beam size and then discuss how our results can be used in more general situations. As a by-product we gain some insight into what is the most advantageous instrumental set-up. In the case of beam switching observations one is not severely limited if one manages to set the noise threshold close to the point which corresponds to the optimum yield. By defining a particular reference configuration, we show how our results can be applied to interferometer observations. Considering a variety of alternative scenarios, we discuss how robust our conclusions are to modifications in the cluster model and cosmological parameters. The precise optimum is particularly sensitive to the amplitude of fluctuations and the profile of the gas in the cluster.
description: 16 pages, 18 figures
Exploring High-Temperature Superconductivity in the Extended Hubbard Model with Antiferromagnetic Tendencies
Creators: name: Sun, Zhipeng
name: Lin, Hai-Qing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The enigma of unconventional superconductivity in doped cuprates presents a formidable challenge in the realm of condensed matter physics. Recent findings of strong near-neighbor attractions in one-dimensional cuprate chains suggest a new avenue for investigating cuprate superconductors. Consequently, we revisited the superconductivity in the extended Hubbard model at the mean-field level. Anticipating a prevalence of antiferromagnetic order due to strong local Coulomb repulsion, our calculations reveal the coexistence of superconducting and antiferromagnetic orders across a wide range of doping at sufficiently low temperatures. The mean-field results capture some key features of cuprate superconductors, including $d$-wave pairing symmetry, a dome-shaped dependence of $T_c$ on doping, and higher superconducting transition temperatures. Additionally, we observed a nearly proportional relationship between $T_c$ and the strength of the nearest-neighbor attraction, reminiscent of experimental findings at the FeSe/SrTiO3 interface. The mean-field results suggest that the extended Hubbard model could be the appropriate framework for investigating cuprate superconductivity and offer insights for more precise calculations within this model in future.
description: revised,19 pages,4 figures