cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The fate of liquids trapped during the Earth's inner core growth
Creators: name: Lasbleis, Marine
name: Kervazo, Mathilde
name: Choblet, Gael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The growth history of the inner core is inherently linked to the thermal history of the Earth. The crystallization of the inner core may have been delayed by supercooling, and went through an initial phase of fast growth after the nucleation barrier has been passed, but so far no evidence or constraint has been proposed to time this possible event. With two-phase flow dynamics, we explore the effect of different growth scenarios for the inner core to determine their effects on its liquid fraction structure. Seismic observations on the melt fraction inside the inner core at present limit the porosity to a maximum of 10% of liquid. Our model provides constraints for the delay in nucleation compared to the time where the first crystal may have started to nucleate, and we find that the supercooling cannot have exceeded 100K.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures
Water Scarcity and International Agricultural Trade
Creators: name: Liu, Jing
name: Hertel, Thomas W.
name: Taheripour, Farzad
name: Zhu, Tingju
name: Ringler, Claudia
name: Liu, Jing
name: Hertel, Thomas W.
name: Taheripour, Farzad
name: Zhu, Tingju
name: Ringler, Claudia
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: CGE modeling
subject: water scarcity
subject: irrigated and rainfed agriculture
subject: food security
subject: international agricultural trade

description: Agriculture’s reliance on irrigation and concerns over water scarcity raise the question of how global food output and trade could be affected if the issue of water shortfall needs to be resolved on the back of agriculture. To understand changes in food production and international agricultural trade as the responses to local water shortage, we construct a computable general equilibrium model in which irrigation water supply reliability is perturbed. The results suggest that regions under water stress cut back food production and turn into net food importers, although domestic water productivity improves. The regions’ welfare falls, primarily due to less endowment available for agriculture and decline in the terms of trade.
Materiali Didattici come Oggetti Digitali FAIR: una Metodologia Condivisa per la Formazione in H2IOSC
Creators: name: Pedonese, Giulia
name: Francesca, Frontini
name: Ottaviani, Roberta
name: Boschetti, Federico
name: Spadi, Alessia
name: Francalanci, Lucia
name: Scognamiglio, Alessia
name: Restaneo, Pietro
name: Chaban, Antonina
name: Striova, Jana
name: Benassi, Laura
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: training
research infrastructures
FAIR principles
Instructional design

description: Il lavoro dettaglia la strategia per lo sviluppo di iniziative di formazione nell’ambito del progetto H2IOSC e mira a coinvolgere la comunità italiana di riferimento sulle modalità di design e di fruizione di moduli didattici che integrino l’uso delle Infrastrutture di Ricerca. In particolare, il contributo si sofferma sulla descrizione dei requisiti per l’implementazione dell’infrastruttura di training e sugli standard condivisi per la descrizione dei materiali didattici come oggetti digitali FAIR al fine di massimizzarne il riutilizzo in un’ottica train the trainers.
Spatial Sobolev regularity for stochastic Burgers equations with additive trace class noise
Creators: name: Jentzen, Arnulf
name: Lindner, Felix
name: Pušnik, Primož
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this article we investigate the spatial Sobolev regularity of mild solutions to stochastic Burgers equations with additive trace class noise. Our findings are based on a combination of suitable bootstrap-type arguments and a detailed analysis of the nonlinearity in the equation.
description: 54 pages
Demonstration of superluminal effects in an absorptionless, non-reflective system
Creators: name: Solli, D. R.
name: McCormick, C. F.
name: Ropers, C.
name: Morehead, J. J.
name: Chiao, R. Y.
name: Hickmann, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an experimental and theoretical study of a simple, passive system consisting of a birefringent, two-dimensional photonic crystal and a polarizer in series, and show that superluminal dispersive effects can arise even though no incident radiation is absorbed or reflected. We demonstrate that a vector formulation of the Kramers-Kronig dispersion relations facilitates an understanding of these counter-intuitive effects.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, accepted on Physical Review Letters
Cationic Cyclization Involving a Remote Allene Function in the Trifluoroethanolysis of 5,6-heptadien-1-yl p-toluenesulfonate
Creators: name: Sekera, Michael H.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1982
Subjects: Chemistry

description: In order to determine whether a remote allene function would undergo intramolecular nucleophriftsubstitution, 5,6-heptadien-1-yl p-toluenesulfonate (14) was synthesized and solvolyzed. The major products of the trifluoroethanolysis of 14 were the cyclic trifluoroethyl ethers of 2-methylenecyclohexanol (24) and 1-cyclohexenemethanol (25). The minor product was the direct displacement product, 5,6-heptadien-1-yl 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ether (23).  The cyclic triflurorethyl ethers were also obtained from the solvolysis of two arenesulfonate esters of 24 and 25, the alcohols having been synthesized by an independent route. Kinetic data showed a rate enhancement for 14 relative to its saturated analog.
MOESM6 of The vaginal and fecal microbiomes are related to pregnancy status in beef heifers
Creators: name: Feilong Deng
name: Maryanna McClure
name: Rorie, Rick
name: Xiaofan Wang
name: Jianmin Chai
name: Xiaoyuan Wei
name: Songjia Lai
name: Jiangchao Zhao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 6: Figure S6. Relative abundance of fecal microbiota at phylum level for each sample with different pregnancy status. Multi-colored stack bar graphs represent the relative abundance. Each chart represents a stage (A: Pre-breeding, B: first trimester, C: second trimester, D: third trimester).
MOESM7 of The vaginal and fecal microbiomes are related to pregnancy status in beef heifers
Creators: name: Feilong Deng
name: Maryanna McClure
name: Rorie, Rick
name: Xiaofan Wang
name: Jianmin Chai
name: Xiaoyuan Wei
name: Songjia Lai
name: Jiangchao Zhao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 7: Figure S7. Relative abundance of predictive bacterial features in vaginal samples across gestation stages and between open and bred cattle. 1, 2, 3 and 4 On the X-axis represent the pregnancy stage of pre-breeding, first trimester, second trimester, and third trimester, respectively.
Black Hole Entropy from Spin One Punctures
Creators: name: Kaul, Romesh K.
name: Rama, S. Kalyana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent suggestion, that the emission of a quantum of energy corresponding to the asymptotic value of quasinormal modes of a Schwarzschild black hole should be associated with the loss of spin one punctures from the black hole horizon, fixes the Immirzi parameter to a definite value. We show that saturating the horizon with spin one punctures reproduces the earlier formula for the black hole entropy, including the $ln (area)$ correction with definite coefficient (- 3/2) for large area.
description: 4 pages. RevTex
MOESM8 of The vaginal and fecal microbiomes are related to pregnancy status in beef heifers
Creators: name: Feilong Deng
name: Maryanna McClure
name: Rorie, Rick
name: Xiaofan Wang
name: Jianmin Chai
name: Xiaoyuan Wei
name: Songjia Lai
name: Jiangchao Zhao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 8: Figure S8. Relative abundance of predictive bacterial features in fecal samples at pre-breeding and first trimester and between open and bred cattle. 1, 2, 3 and 4 On the X-axis represent the pregnancy stage of pre-breeding, first trimester, second trimester, and third trimester, respectively.
Spatial distributions of plasma potential and density in electron cyclotron resonance ion source
Creators: name: Mironov, V.
name: Bogomolov, S.
name: Bondarchenko, A.
name: Efremov, A.
name: Loginov, V.
name: Pugachev, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Numerical Advanced Model of Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (NAM-ECRIS) is applied for studies of the physical processes in the source. Solutions of separately operating electron and ion modules of NAM-ECRIS are matched in iterative way such as to obtain the spatial distributions of the plasma density and of the plasma potential. Results reveal the complicated profiles with the maximized plasma density close to the ECR surface and on the source axis. The ion-trapping potential dips are calculated to be on the level of ~(0.01-0.05) V being located at the plasma density maxima. The highly charged ions are also localized close to the ECR surface. The biased electrode effect is due to an electron string along the source axis formed by reflection of electrons from the biased electrode and the extraction aperture. The string makes profiles of the highly charged ions more peaked on the source axis, thus increasing the extracted ion currents.
Stellar Abundances in Dwarf Irregular Galaxies
Creators: name: Venn, Kim
name: Tolstoy, Eline
name: Kaufer, Andreas
name: Kudritzki, Rolf Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dwarf irregular galaxies appear to have undergone very slow chemical evolution since they have low nebular abundances, but have had ongoing star formation over the past 15 Gyr. They are too distant for red giant abundance analyses to examine the details of their chemical evolution, however the isolated, bright blue supergiants do allow us to determine their present-day iron abundances to compare with both stellar and nebular alpha-element results. The [alpha/Fe] ratios in four Local Group dwarf irregular galaxies (NGC6822, WLM, Sextans A, and GR 8) all appear to have solar ratios regardless of the differences in their metallicities and star formation histories. Surprisingly, WLM's stellar metallicity is three times higher than the nebular oxygen abundance. We compare the [alpha/Fe] ratios in the dwarf irregulars to those from recent analyses of red giant branch stars in dwarf spheroidal galaxies, and also to damped Ly-alpha systems, and discuss these in the context of model predictions.
description: 8 pages, including figures
The prevention of adult exploitation and trafficking A synthesis of research commissioned by the Modern Slavery and Human Rights Policy and Evidence Centre
Creators: name: Such, Elizabeth
name: Aminu, Habiba
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 449999
subject: Other human society not elsewhere classified

description: The study synthesises evidence on the prevention of human trafficking and exploitation among adults in the UK. Modern Slavery Policy and Evidence Centre reports from 2020-2024 are analysed.
From nodal liquid to nodal Mottness in a frustrated Hubbard model
Creators: name: Hopkinson, J.
name: Hur, K. Le
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the physics of frustrated 3-leg Hubbard ladders in the band limit, when hopping across the ladder's rungs (t$_{\perp}$) is of the same order as hopping along them (t) much greater than the onsite Coulomb repulsion (U). We show that this model exhibits a striking electron-hole asymmetry close to half-filling: the hole-doped system at low temperatures develops a Resonating Valence Bond (RVB)-like d-wave gap (pseudogap close to ($π$,0)) coinciding with gapless nodal excitations (nodal liquid); in contrast, the electron-doped system is seen to develop a Mott gap at the nodes, whilst retaining a metallic character of its majority Fermi surface. At lower temperatures in the electron-doped case, d-wave superconducting correlations -- here, coexisting with gapped nodal excitations -- are already seen to arise. Upon further doping the hole-doped case, the RVB-like state yields to d-wave superconductivity. Such physics is reminiscent of that exhibited by the high temperature cuprate superconductors--notably electron-hole asymmetry as noted by Angle Resolved PhotoEmission Spectroscopy (ARPES) and the resistivity exponents observed. This toy model also reinforces the importance of a more thorough experimental investigation of the known 3-leg ladder cuprate systems, and may have some bearing on low dimensional organic superconductors.
description: 26 pages, 16 figures
title: Transformation, Zirkulation, System of Systems : Für ein dynamisches Verständnis netzgebundener Infrastrukturen
Creators: name: Engels, Jens Ivo
name: Frank, Sybille
name: Gurevych, Iryna
name: Heßler, Martina
name: Knodt, Michèle
name: Monstadt, Jochen
name: Nordmann, Alfred
name: Oetting, Andreas
name: Rudolph-Cleff, Annette
name: Rüppel, Uwe
name: Schenk, Gerrit Jasper
name: Steinke, Florian
Publisher: name: UNSPECIFIED
Year: 2021

description: Der Aufsatz plädiert dafür, die Dynamik technischer netzgebundener Infrastrukturen mit einem dreifachen Ansatz zu untersuchen: Transformation, Zirkulation und System of Systems. Transformation repräsentiert dabei die Veränderung von Infrastrukturen als Gesamtsysteme. Zirkulation repräsentiert die in jeder Infrastrukturfunktion eingeschriebene Dynamik. Gemeint ist der Austausch von Gütern, Menschen, Informationen oder Energie in Netzen. System of Systems ist ein Konzept zur Beschreibung der Interdependenzen verschiedener verbundener Sektoren und Systeme. Die drei Merkmale der Transformation sind aufeinander bezogen: Das Konzept des System of System liefert einen Erklärungsansatz, auf welchen Wegen Zirkulation stattfindet (in und zwischen Netzwerken) und welche Faktoren die Zirkulation beeinflussen. Diese Phänomene können wiederum als Ursachen oder Anreize für Transformation auf der Systemebene begriffen werden. Umgekehrt ist zu fragen, inwieweit Transformationsprozesse der Infrastrukturnetze die Konfiguration des System of Systems verändern.
Experimental validation of large differential piston sensing with the double-wavelength LIFT
Creators: name: Lombardi, Simone
name: Plantet, Cedri
name: Cheffot, Anne-Laure
name: Bonaglia, Marco
name: Rossi, Fabio
name: Puglisi, Alfio
name: Selmi, Chiara
name: Busoni, Lorenzo
name: Esposito, Simone
Publisher: name: Proceedings of AO4ELT7 conference 2023 - Editors: Thierry Fusco and Benoit Neichel
Year: 2023
Subjects: LIFT
PHASE DIVERSITY
PHASE RETRIEVAL
DIFFERENTIAL PISTON
GIANT MAGELLAN TELESCOPE

description: Adaptive optics systems for the future Extremely Large Telescopes will have to deal with large gaps in the pupil due to the spiders and/or the segmentation of one or several mirrors. These gaps are typically larger than the expected r0 at the sensing wavelength. They can thus create significant discontinuities in the wavefront, which lead to the so-called island effect or petaling the wavefront in each segment is well corrected, but differential pistons at a multiple of the sensing wavelength appear between the segments. During the design phase of the Natural Guide star Wavefront Sensor prototype for the Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT), we have studied the Linearized Focal-plane Technique (LIFT) as a potential solution to correct the differential pistons while the adaptive optics system is running. LIFT uses a single image with a known phase offset to estimate wavefront aberrations. The reconstruction of the differential pistons from a single image is limited to the range [-lambda/2,+lambda/2], with lambda the sensing wavelength, due to the 2-pi ambiguity. However, several micrometers of capture range are needed to finely co-phase the GMT. We partially removed the ambiguity and thus increased
the capture range by using two LIFT estimations at different wavelengths. At Arcetri premises we set up a test bench in order to obtain a first proof of concept for the dual-wavelength LIFT. The experimental setup includes a diffraction limited near-infrared source and a custom-made mirror with two segments. The longitudinal position of one of the halves is controlled via a motor with a precision of about 5 nm on a 10-mm range. LIFT images were taken on a defocused camera placed downstream of the segmented mirror. The dual-wavelength was achieved by alternating between two narrow-band filters. In this presentation, we show that we were able to reconstruct the differential piston either with two J-band filters or two H-band filters in the whole theoretical capture range.
Black hole mass and angular momentum in 2+1 gravity
Creators: name: Clement, Gerard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new definition for the mass and angular momentum of neutral or electrically charged black holes in 2+1 gravity with two Killing vectors. These finite conserved quantities, associated with the SL(2,R) invariance of the reduced mechanical system, are shown to be identical to the quasilocal conserved quantities for an improved gravitational action corresponding to mixed boundary conditions. They obey a general Smarr-like formula and, in all cases investigated, are consistent with the first law of black hole thermodynamics. Our framework is applied to the computation of the mass and angular momentum of black hole solutions to several field-theoretical models.
description: 23 pages, 3 references added, to be published in Physical Review D
Measuring primordial non-Gaussianity in the cosmic microwave background
Creators: name: Komatsu, Eiichiro
name: Spergel, David N.
name: Wandelt, Benjamin D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive a fast way for measuring primordial non-Gaussianity in a nearly full-sky map of the cosmic microwave background. We find a cubic combination of sky maps combining bispectrum configurations to capture a quadratic term in primordial fluctuations. Our method takes only N^1.5 operations rather than N^2.5 of the bispectrum analysis (1000 times faster for l=512), retaining the same sensitivity. A key component is a map of underlying primordial fluctuations, which can be more sensitive to the primordial non-Gaussianity than a temperature map. We also derive a fast and accurate statistic for measuring non-Gaussian signals from foreground point sources. The statistic is 10^6 times faster than the full bispectrum analysis, and can be used to estimate contamination from the sources. Our algorithm has been successfully applied to the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe sky maps by Komatsu et al. (2003).
description: 13 pages, 2 figures, a paper describing cubic (bispectrum) statistics used for Gaussianity tests of the WMAP data (Komatsu et al. astro-ph/0302223). Appendix has been added to show the performance of the cubic statistics. To appear in the Astrophysical Journal
Weak Lensing and CMB: Parameter forecasts including a running spectral index
Creators: name: Ishak, Mustapha
name: Hirata, Christopher M.
name: McDonald, Patrick
name: Seljak, Uros
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use statistical inference theory to explore the constraints from future galaxy weak lensing (cosmic shear) surveys combined with the current CMB constraints on cosmological parameters, focusing particularly on the running of the spectral index of the primordial scalar power spectrum, $α_s$. Recent papers have drawn attention to the possibility of measuring $α_s$ by combining the CMB with galaxy clustering and/or the Lyman-$α$ forest. Weak lensing combined with the CMB provides an alternative probe of the primordial power spectrum. We run a series of simulations with variable runnings and compare them to semi-analytic non-linear mappings to test their validity for our calculations. We find that a ``Reference'' cosmic shear survey with $f_{sky}=0.01$ and $6.6\times 10^8$ galaxies per steradian can reduce the uncertainty on $n_s$ and $α_s$ by roughly a factor of 2 relative to the CMB alone. We investigate the effect of shear calibration biases on lensing by including the calibration factor as a parameter, and show that for our Reference Survey, the precision of cosmological parameter determination is only slightly degraded even if the amplitude calibration is uncertain by as much as 5%. We conclude that in the near future weak lensing surveys can supplement the CMB observations to constrain the primordial power spectrum.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures, revtex4. Final form to appear in Phys Rev D
MOESM4 of The vaginal and fecal microbiomes are related to pregnancy status in beef heifers
Creators: name: Feilong Deng
name: Maryanna McClure
name: Rorie, Rick
name: Xiaofan Wang
name: Jianmin Chai
name: Xiaoyuan Wei
name: Songjia Lai
name: Jiangchao Zhao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 4: Figure S4. Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) of unweighted UniFrac distances in vaginal (A) and fecal (B) samples across gestation stages and between open and bred cattle. Triangles and circle represent bred and open females, respectively. Stages are indicated by color: red, blue, green and purple represent pre breeding, and gestational trimesters 1 through 3 respectively. These stages were defined based on the status of the pregnant cattle. Open cattle stayed open throughout the whole experiment. Samples were collected prospectively but pregnancy was defined retrospectively. The ellipses were calculated and drawn with 0.95 of confidence level. Bred: cattle that were pregnant after the breeding season; Open: cattle that never established pregnancy.
S and VV Corona Australis: Spectroscopic Variability in Two Young Binary Star Systems
Creators: name: Sullivan, Kendall
name: Prato, L.
name: Edwards, Suzan
name: Avilez, Ian
name: Schaefer, Gail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We used high-resolution near-infrared spectroscopy from the NIRSPEC instrument on the Keck II telescope, taken over multiple epochs spanning five years, to examine two young binary T Tauri star systems, S Corona Australis and VV Corona Australis. The stars in these 1-2" separation systems have optically thick circumstellar disks and high extinctions at optical and near-infrared wavelengths. Using a combination of new and archival data, we have determined the spectral types of all the stars in these two systems for the first time, examined the variable NIR veiling, measured the emission line equivalent widths, and created spectral energy distributions. They have similar spectral types (K7-M1) and are at approximately the same evolutionary stage, allowing comparison of the four stars in the two systems. We conclude that S CrA and VV CrA are young binary systems of stars bridging the Class I and Class II evolutionary stages, characterized by high accretion luminosities and variable emission lines.
description: 16 pages, accepted to The Astrophysical Journal
Area Quantization in Quasi-Extreme Black Holes
Creators: name: Abdalla, E.
name: Castello-Branco, K. H. C.
name: Lima-Santos, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider quasi-extreme Kerr and quasi-extreme Schwarzschild-de Sitter black holes. From the known analytical expressions obtained for their quasi-normal modes frequencies, we suggest an area quantization prescription for those objects.
description: Final version to appear in Mod. Phys. Lett. A
Role of clusters of galaxies in the evolution of the metal budget in the Universe
Creators: name: Finoguenov, A.
name: Burkert, A.
name: Boehringer, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the guidelines on SN element production provided by XMM-Newton, we summarize the results of ASCA observations on the element abundance in groups and clusters of galaxies. We show that while the metal production in groups could be described by a stellar population with a standard local IMF, clusters of galaxies require a more top-heavy IMF. We attribute an excess heavy element production to an IMF evolution with redshift. Dating the galaxy formation in clusters by observations of the star-formation rate, we conclude that the IMF variations have occurred preferentially at z>~4. We further combine our metallicity measurements with the mass function of clusters to estimate the role of clusters in the evolution of the metal content of the Universe. We argue that at no epoch stars are a major container of metals, unless groups of galaxies are not representative for the star-formation. This lends further support for the reduced (0.6 solar) mass-averaged oxygen abundance in the stellar population.
description: 8 pages, 2003, ApJ, 594, September 1 issue
MOESM5 of The vaginal and fecal microbiomes are related to pregnancy status in beef heifers
Creators: name: Feilong Deng
name: Maryanna McClure
name: Rorie, Rick
name: Xiaofan Wang
name: Jianmin Chai
name: Xiaoyuan Wei
name: Songjia Lai
name: Jiangchao Zhao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 5: Figure S5. Relative abundance of vaginal microbiota at phylum level for each sample with different pregnancy status. Multi-colored stack bar graphs represent the relative abundance. Each chart represents a stage (A: Pre-breeding, B: first trimester, C: second trimester, D: third trimester).
Cross sections relevant to gamma-ray line emission in solar flares: $^3$He-induced reactions on $^{16}$O nuclei
Creators: name: Tatischeff, V.
name: Duprat, J.
name: Kiener, J.
name: Assuncao, M.
name: Coc, A.
name: Engrand, C.
name: Gounelle, M.
name: Lefebvre, A.
name: Porquet, M. -G.
name: De Sereville, N.
name: Thibaud, J. -P.
name: Bourgeois, C.
name: Chabot, M.
name: Hammache, F.
name: Scarpaci, J. -A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gamma-ray production cross sections have been measured for gamma-ray lines copiously emitted in the $^3$He bombardment of $^{16}$O nuclei: the 937, 1042 and 1081 keV lines of $^{18}$F and the 1887 keV line of $^{18}$Ne. Four Ge detectors with BGO shielding for Compton suppression were used to measure the angular distributions of the gamma-rays. The excitation functions have been obtained for $^3$He bombarding energies from 3.7 to 36 MeV. Total cross sections are tabulated for calculations relevant to gamma-ray astronomy. The importance of these lines as diagnosis for the presence and properties of accelerated $^3$He in solar flares is discussed in light of the measured cross sections.
description: Phys. Rev. C68 (2003) 0258XX, in press
Attosecond time-domain measurement of core-excitonic decay in magnesium oxide
Creators: name: Géneaux, Romain
name: Kaplan, Christopher J.
name: Yue, Lun
name: Ross, Andrew D.
name: Bækhøj, Jens E.
name: Kraus, Peter M.
name: Chang, Hung-Tzu
name: Guggenmos, Alexander
name: Huang, Mi-Ying
name: Zürch, Michael
name: Schafer, Kenneth J.
name: Neumark, Daniel M.
name: Gaarde, Mette B.
name: Leone, Stephen R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Excitation of ionic solids with extreme ultraviolet pulses creates localized core-excitons, which in some cases couple strongly to the lattice. Here, core-excitonic states of magnesium oxide are studied in the time domain at the Mg $\text{L}_{2,3}$ edge with attosecond transient reflectivity spectroscopy. Attosecond pulses trigger the excitation of these short-lived quasiparticles, whose decay is perturbed by time-delayed near infrared optical pulses. Combined with a few-state theoretical model, this reveals that the optical pulse shifts the energy of bright core-exciton states as well as induces features arising from dark core-excitons. We report coherence lifetimes for the first two core-excitons of $2.3 \pm 0.2$ and $1.6 \pm 0.5$ femtoseconds and show that these short lifetimes are primarily a consequence of strong exciton-phonon coupling, disclosing the drastic influence of structural effects in this ultrafast relaxation process.
SubPipe: A Submarine Pipeline Inspection Dataset for Segmentation and Visual-inertial Localization
Creators: name: Álvarez-Tunón, Olaya
name: Marnet, Luiza Ribeiro
name: Antal, László
name: Aubard, Martin
name: Costa, Maria
name: Brodskiy, Yury
Publisher: name: RWTH Aachen University
Year: 2024

description: 7 Seiten (2024). doi:10.48550/arXiv.2401.17907
MOESM3 of The vaginal and fecal microbiomes are related to pregnancy status in beef heifers
Creators: name: Feilong Deng
name: Maryanna McClure
name: Rorie, Rick
name: Xiaofan Wang
name: Jianmin Chai
name: Xiaoyuan Wei
name: Songjia Lai
name: Jiangchao Zhao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3: Figure S3. Alpha diversity (Shannon index) change of vaginal microbiota for each sample. The bottom and top of each box are the first and third quartiles, respectively, and the band inside the box is the median. The connected point represent alpha diversity of animal vaginal samples at different stage.
Does the fine-structure constant vary with cosmological epoch?
Creators: name: Bahcall, John N.
name: Steinhardt, Charles L.
name: Schlegel, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the strong nebular lines of O III, 5007 A and 4959 A, to set a robust upper limit on the time dependence of the fine structure constant. We find |alpha^{-1} d alpha(t)/dt | < 2*10^{-13} yr, corresponding to Delta alpha/alpha(0) = (0.7 +- 1.4) * 10^{-4} for quasars with 0.16 < z < 0.80 obtained from the SDSS Early Data Release. Using a blind analysis, we show that the upper limit given here is invariant with respect to 17 different ways of selecting the sample and analyzing the data. As a by-product, we show that the ratio of transition probabilities for the 5007 A and the 4959 A lines is2.99 +- 0.02, in good agreement with (but more accurate than) theoretical estimates. We compare and contrast the O III emission line method used here with the Many-Multiplet method that has been used recently to suggest evidence for a time-dependent alpha. In an Appendix, we have analyzed the larger quasar sample from the SDSS Data Release One Sample and find Delta alpha/alpha(0) = (1.2 +- 0.7) * 10^{-4}.
description: Added analysis of larger quasar sample from SDSS Data Release One. Accepted for publication ApJ
City2City: Translating Place Representations across Cities
Creators: name: Yabe, Takahiro
name: Tsubouchi, Kota
name: Shimizu, Toru
name: Sekimoto, Yoshihide
name: Ukkusuri, Satish V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Large mobility datasets collected from various sources have allowed us to observe, analyze, predict and solve a wide range of important urban challenges. In particular, studies have generated place representations (or embeddings) from mobility patterns in a similar manner to word embeddings to better understand the functionality of different places within a city. However, studies have been limited to generating such representations of cities in an individual manner and has lacked an inter-city perspective, which has made it difficult to transfer the insights gained from the place representations across different cities. In this study, we attempt to bridge this research gap by treating \textit{cities} and \textit{languages} analogously. We apply methods developed for unsupervised machine language translation tasks to translate place representations across different cities. Real world mobility data collected from mobile phone users in 2 cities in Japan are used to test our place representation translation methods. Translated place representations are validated using landuse data, and results show that our methods were able to accurately translate place representations from one city to another.
description: A short 4-page version of this work was accepted in ACM SIGSPATIAL Conference 2019. This is the full version with details. In Proceedings of the 27th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems. ACM
title: Phänomenologische Betrachtung der sensorisch nutzbaren Effekte am Wälzlager – Einfluss unbelasteter Wälzkörper auf die elektrische Impedanz
Creators: name: Schirra, Tobias
Publisher: name: UNSPECIFIED
Year: 2021

description: Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Weiterentwicklung des Modells der elektrischen Impedanz von Wälzlagern, um über die Messung der Impedanz eine Aussage über die Lagerkräfte zu treffen und somit über die Messgröße der Impedanz Wälzlager als Kraftsensor zu nutzen. Hierzu werden in dieser Arbeit radial belastete Rillenkugellager unter elastohydrodynamischen Schmierungsbedingungen betrachtet. Der Stand der Forschung beschreibt Wälzkontakte als Plattenkondensatoren, deren Kapazität von der Schmierfilmdicke als Plattenabstand und der Hertz’schen Fläche als Plattenfläche abhängt. Zusätzlich wird der Einfluss des nicht verformten Bereichs um die Hertz’sche Fläche mit einem Faktor beschrieben, der abhängig ist von der Schmierfilmdicke und der Radiallast. Dieser nicht verformte Bereich wird in der Forschung am einzelnen Kon-takt durch eine Berechnung des elektrischen Feldes beschrieben und führt den Faktor auf phänomenologische Effekte zurück. Aus der Literatur lässt sich der Widerspruch ableiten, dass Wälzkörper ohne Hertz’sche Fläche keine Kapazität aufweisen, gleichzeitig aber nicht verformte Flächen außerhalb der Hertz’schen Fläche im belasteten Kontakt mit Hertz’scher Fläche berücksichtigt werden. Zusätzlich ist die Kapazität von unbelasteten Wälzkörpern bereits messtechnisch nachgewiesen. Aus diesem Grund wird das Impedanzmodell von Wälzlagern in dieser Arbeit um den Einfluss der unbelasteten Wälzkörper erweitert und die Berechnung des elektrischen Feldes aus der Forschung am Einzelkontakt wird in das Wälzlagermodell übernommen. Die berechnete Wälzlagerimpedanz des erweiterten Modells wird mit eigenen Versuchsdaten verglichen und die Verbesserungen gegenüber dem Stand der Forschung aufgezeigt. Zusätzlich wird zu dem Impedanzwert auch das Frequenzspektrum der Messung betrachtet und ein Modell zur Beschreibung der auftretenden Frequenzen entwickelt. Dieses Modell beruht darauf, dass die signifikanten Frequenzen im Wesentlichen von Unwuchtkräften abhängen und der Anzahl der Wälzkörper in der Lastzone. Zeigt der Radiallastvektor auf einen Wälzkörper oder genau zwischen zwei Wälzkörper, werden zwei unterschiedliche elektrische Impedanzen messbar. Die regelmäßige Änderung der Impedanz zwischen diesen Zu-ständen führt zu einer signifikanten Frequenz. Nach der Validierung des entwickelten Modells werden die Amplituden dieser Frequenzen darüber hinaus genutzt, um die Er-weiterung des Impedanzmodells mit dem Stand der Forschung zu vergleichen. Es zeigt sich, dass die Modellerweiterung die gemessene Wälzlagerimpedanz mit einem deutlich geringeren, nahezu konstanten Differenzbetrag beschreibt. Abschließend werden Ansätze aufgezeigt, mit denen das Impedanzmodell weiter optimiert wird, wie die durchgeführten Modellerweiterungen verallgemeinert und auf diverse Wälzlagertypen übertragen werden.
The XMM-LSS survey. Survey design and first results
Creators: name: Pierre, M.
name: Valtchanov, I.
name: Altieri, B.
name: Andreon, S.
name: Bolzonella, M.
name: Bremer, M.
name: Disseau, L.
name: Santos, S. Dos
name: Ghandi, P.
name: Jean, C.
name: Pacaud, F.
name: Read, A. M.
name: Refregier, A.
name: Willis, J.
name: Adami, C.
name: Alloin, D.
name: Birkinshaw, M.
name: Chiappetti, L.
name: Cohen, A.
name: Detal, A.
name: Duc, P. -A.
name: Gosset, E.
name: Hjorth, J.
name: Jones, L. R.
name: Fevre, O. Le
name: Lonsdale, C.
name: Maccagni, D.
name: Mazure, A.
name: McBreen, B.
name: McCracken, H.
name: Mellier, Y.
name: Ponman, T. J.
name: Quintana, H.
name: Rottgering, H.
name: Smette, A.
name: Surdej, J.
name: Starck, J. -L.
name: Vigroux, L.
name: White, S. D. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have designed a medium deep large area X-ray survey with XMM - the XMM Large Scale Structure survey, XMM-LSS - with the scope of extending the cosmological tests attempted using ROSAT cluster samples to two redshift bins between 0
description: Published in Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics
Proton Zemach radius from measurements of the hyperfine splitting of hydrogen and muonic hydrogen
Creators: name: Dupays, Arnaud
name: Beswick, Alberto
name: Lepetit, Bruno
name: Rizzo, Carlo
name: Bakalov, Dimitar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While measurements of the hyperfine structure of hydrogen-like atoms are traditionally regarded as test of bound-state QED, we assume that theoretical QED predictions are accurate and discuss the information about the electromagnetic structure of protons that could be extracted from the experimental values of the ground state hyperfine splitting in hydrogen and muonic hydrogen. Using recent theoretical results on the proton polarizability effects and the experimental hydrogen hyperfine splitting we obtain for the Zemach radius of the proton the value 1.040(16) fm. We compare it to the various theoretical estimates the uncertainty of which is shown to be larger that 0.016 fm. This point of view gives quite convincing arguments in support of projects to measure the hyperfine splitting of muonic hydrogen.
description: Submitted to Phys. Rev. A
Automated Model Discovery for Tensional Homeostasis: Constitutive Machine Learning in Growth and Remodeling
Creators: name: Holthusen, Hagen
name: Brepols, Tim
name: Linka, Kevin
name: Kuhl, Ellen
Publisher: name: RWTH Aachen University
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 65, 74
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: I.6; J.2
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)

description: 46 Seiten (2024). doi:10.48550/arXiv.2410.13645
MOESM2 of The vaginal and fecal microbiomes are related to pregnancy status in beef heifers
Creators: name: Feilong Deng
name: Maryanna McClure
name: Rorie, Rick
name: Xiaofan Wang
name: Jianmin Chai
name: Xiaoyuan Wei
name: Songjia Lai
name: Jiangchao Zhao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2: Figure S2. Rarefaction curve. (A) Rarefaction plot of vaginal samples (one curve per group). (B) Rarefaction plot of fecal samples. 1, 2, 3 and 4 in figure legend represent the pregnancy stage of pre-breeding, first trimester, second trimester, and third trimester, respectively.
Economic effects of water use and landholding scale to farming in South Asia: evidences from Indo-Gangetic basin
Creators: name: Xenarios, Stefanos
name: Sharma, Bharat R.
name: Amarasinghe, Upali A.
name: Xenarios, Stefanos
name: Sharma, Bharat R.
name: Amarasinghe, Upali A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Political Economy
subject: Production Economics
subject: Public Economics
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Agricultural development
subject: Irrigation water
subject: Water use
subject: Water allocation
subject: Land ownership
subject: Economic aspects
subject: River basins
subject: Models
subject: South Asia
subject: Indo-Gangetic Basin

description: Water use and landholding factors are widely acknowledged as major determinants of agricultural development in agrarian regions of the Indo-Gangetic basin (IGB). High attention is mainly given to irrigation policy while land is often apprehended through soil productivity aspects. However, the nexus between land scale and water consumption in respect to the economic implications of agricultural development is poorly elaborated. To this aim, this paper examines the economic effects of water use and landholding scale to farming in agricultural communities of IGB area. The research is based on an extensive survey conducted in representative areas of Pakistan, India and Nepal situated along the IGB basin. The results signify that the economic viability of marginal and small landholders and water users is threatened when the study focuses on the land scaling effects to farming. Practical recommendations towards the rescheduling of irrigation and land use policies are introduced.
Stresses near a change of thickness in a continuous-fiber-composite plate
Creators: name: Kubr, Thomas J.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1991
Subjects: Aeronautics

description: This thesis presents the results of a numerical investigation of the stresses near an abrupt change in thickness of a composite plate. The plate is a laminate of unidirectional, continuous fiber plies. The study is aimed at gaining insight into the failure behavior of co-cured stringer reinforced composite plates and shells.

The analysis is performed in a plane normal to the stringer axis. The problem formulation is similar to plane strain. Because orthotropic materials are involved, a solution method allowing three-dimensional displacements as functions of two spatial variables is applied. The method is called plane-coupled strain. Failure is assumed to initiate at the sharp 90° reentrant corner of the step-down geometry due to a rise in stresses. The resulting stress singularity is characterized for different combinations of stacking orders in the stepped plate. Stresses in the structure are determined by means of the finite element method.

The results are presented in two parts: The first describes the differences obtained with plane-coupled strain and classical plane strain; the second characterizing the stress singularity. The more computer intensive plane-coupled strain solution produces significantly different results for the stresses near the singularity. The character of the stress singularity is found to be highly dependent on the fiber direction of the material at the sharp corner.

The results for the stress singularity are used in an example failure criterion. Stacking sequences are examined with respect to their susceptibility to failure under different combinations of in-plane loading.