cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorder Associated with Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS): Experience at a Tertiary Referral Center
Creators: name: Helm, Caitlin E.
name: Blackwood, R. Alexander
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Medicine
subject: Medical sciences

description: Background: Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS) is an autoimmune disorder presenting with obsessive compulsive disorder and/or tics. Like Sydenham’s chorea, its presumed pathogenesis consists of autoantibodies cross-reacting with neurons in response to a group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection (GASI). There are currently no diagnostic laboratory findings and management ranges from antibiotic prophylaxis to intravenous immunoglobulin to plasmapheresis. The diagnosis remains controversial, resulting in inconsistent referrals and significant patient anxiety.

Methods: A retrospective study was performed on all patients referred to the Pediatric Infectious Disease Division with a pre-referral diagnosis of PANDAS. Patients were analyzed by demographics, medical history, co-morbidities, symptoms, prior treatment, laboratory tests, management strategies, and treatment outcomes.

Results: From 2003 to 2013, there were 21 patients with a pre-referral diagnosis of PANDAS. Only five met the diagnostic criteria. No patient at referral had an objective scale to monitor symptoms. Eight referrals had a major psychiatric disorder, and none fulfilled diagnostic criteria (p<0.01).

Discussion: The majority of the patients referred with a pre-diagnosis of PANDAS do not fulfill diagnostic criteria nor do they have objective criteria for symptom monitoring. Major psychiatric disorders do not seem to be associated with PANDAS, and better physician education may prevent misdiagnoses. Multidisciplinary management is recommended.
Multi-collision internal shock lepto-hadronic models for energetic GRBs
Creators: name: Rudolph, Annika
name: Petropoulou, Maria
name: Bošnjak, Željka
name: Winter, Walter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For a sub-population of energetic Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs), a moderate baryonic loading may suffice to power Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs). Motivated by this, we study the radiative signatures of cosmic-ray protons in the prompt phase of energetic GRBs. Our framework is the internal shock model with multi-collision descriptions of the relativistic ejecta (with different emission regions along the jet), plus time-dependent calculations of photon and neutrino spectra. Our GRB prototypes are motivated by {\em Fermi}-LAT detected GRBs (including GRB~221009A) for which further, owing to the large energy flux, neutrino non-observation of single events may pose a strong limit on the baryonic loading. We study the feedback of protons on electromagnetic spectra in synchrotron- and inverse Compton-dominated scenarios to identify the multi-wavelength signatures, to constrain the maximally allowed baryonic loading, and to point out the differences between hadronic and inverse Compton signatures. We find that hadronic signatures appear as correlated flux increases in the optical-UV to soft X-ray and GeV to TeV gamma-ray ranges in the synchrotron scenarios, whereas they are difficult to identify in inverse Compton-dominated scenarios. We demonstrate that baryonic loadings around 10, which satisfy the UHECR energetic requirements, do not distort the predicted photon spectra in the {\em Fermi}-GBM range and are consistent with constraints from neutrino data if the collision radii are large enough (i.e., the time variability is not too short). It therefore seems plausible that under the condition of large dissipation radii a population of energetic GRBs can be the origin of the UHECRs.
description: Version accepted for publication in ApJ
Against separation
Creators: name: Hamburger, Philip
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Church and state
subject: Freedom of religion
subject: Constitutional law
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: IN 1802, in a letter to the Danbury Baptist Association, Thomas Jefferson wrote that the First Amendment had the effect of "building a wall of separation between Church & State." As it happens, when Congress drafted the First Amendment in 1789, Jefferson was enjoying Paris. Nonetheless, his words about separation are often taken as an authoritative interpretation of the First Amendment's establishment clause. Indeed, in the 1947 Everson v. Board of Education decision, the Supreme Court quoted Jefferson's pronouncement to justify its conclusion that the First Amendment guarantees a separation of church and state. Not only the justices but also vast numbers of other Americans have come to understand their religious freedom in terms of Jefferson's phrase. As a result, Jefferson's words often seem more familiar than the words of the First Amendment itself.

At stake is the character of religious freedom in the United States. In particular, there is a danger that lingering separationist notions will continue to affect the interpretation of the First Amendment's establishment clause. This clause provides, among other things, that "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion." These words say nothing about separation of church and state, and therefore notwithstanding the claims made on behalf of separation, there is reason to believe it is not the religious freedom guaranteed by the Constitution.
Why do some countries do better or worse in life expectancy relative to income? An analysis of Brazil, Ethiopia, and the United States of America
Creators: name: Gesesew, Hailay
Publisher: name: Torrens University Australia
Year: 2022
Subjects: Social determinants of health

description: Background: While in general a country’s life expectancy increases with national income, some countries “punch above their weight”, while some “punch below their weight” – achieving higher or lower life expectancy than would be predicted by their per capita income. Discovering which conditions or policies contribute to this outcome is critical to improving population health globally. Methods: We conducted a mixed-method study which included: analysis of life expectancy relative to income for all countries; an expert opinion study; and scoping reviews of literature and data to examine factors that may impact on life expectancy relative to income in three countries: Ethiopia, Brazil, and the United States. Punching above or below weight status was calculated using life expectancy at birth and gross domestic product per capita for 2014–2018. The scoping reviews covered the political context and history, social determinants of health, civil society, and political participation in each country. Results: Possible drivers identified for Ethiopia’s extra 3 years life expectancy included community-based health strategies, improving access to safe water, female education and gender empowerment, and the rise of civil society organisations. Brazil punched above its weight by 2 years. Possible drivers identified included socio-political and economic improvements, reduced inequality, female education, health care coverage, civil society, and political participation. The United States’ neoliberal economics and limited social security, market-based healthcare, limited public health regulation, weak social safety net, significant increases in income inequality and lower levels of political participation may have contributed to the country punching 2.9 years below weight. Conclusions: The review highlighted potential structural determinants driving differential performance in population health outcomes cross-nationally. These included greater equity, a more inclusive welfare system, high political participation, strong civil society and access to employment, housing, safe water, a clean environment, and education. We recommend research comparing more countries, and also to examine the processes driving within-country inequities.
What is the Physical Origin of Strong Lya Emission? I. Demographics of Lya Emitter Structures
Creators: name: Shibuya, Takatoshi
name: Ouchi, Masami
name: Nakajima, Kimihiko
name: Yuma, Suraphong
name: Hashimoto, Takuya
name: Shimasaku, Kazuhiro
name: Mori, Masao
name: Umemura, Masayuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of structure analyses for a large sample of 426 Lya emitters (LAEs) at z~2.2 that are observed with HST/ACS and WFC3-IR by deep extra-galactic legacy surveys. We confirm that the merger fraction and the average ellipticity of LAE's stellar component are 10-30 % and 0.4-0.6, respectively, that are comparable with previous study results. We successfully identify that some LAEs have a spatial offset between Lya and stellar-continuum emission peaks, d_Lya, by ~2.5-4 kpc beyond our statistical errors. To uncover the physical origin of strong Lya emission found in LAEs, we investigate Lya equivalent width (EW) dependences of these three structural parameters, merger fraction, d_Lya, and ellipticity of stellar distribution in the range of EW(Lya)=20-250A. Contrary to expectations, we find that merger fraction does not significantly increase with Lya EW. We reveal an anti-correlation between d_Lya and EW(Lya) by Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test. There is a trend that the LAEs with a large Lya EW have a small ellipticity. This is consistent with the recent theoretical claims that Lya photons can more easily escape from face-on disks having a small ellipticity, due to less inter-stellar gas along the line of sight, although our KS test indicates that this trend is not statistically significant. Our results of Lya-EW dependence generally support the idea that an HI column density is a key quantity determining Lya emissivity.
description: 13 pages, 15 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ
Development of future scenarios by prediction of mental workload in a traffic management control room
Creators: name: ZEILSTRA, Melcher
name: WILMS, Marit
name: BLOMMERS, Fenneke
name: DE BRUIJN, David
Publisher: name: CPH Conference : 11th International Symposium on Human Factors in Organisational Design and Management
Year: 2014

description: Existing instruments to investigate mental workload are dedicated to specific and existing monitoring jobs. Objective instruments mostly focus on performance or physiological measures. Subjective instruments are more simply applicable, but not
suitable to predict mental workload in a nonexistent situation. To overcome these disadvantages Intergo developed OWATTM (Objective Workload Assessment Technique) to assess mental workload of operators in control rooms. A case study shows the use of OWATTM in development of scenarios for the near future of the traffic management control room of the city of Amsterdam. Prediction of workload was key issue in this scenario development.
Performance systems and social capital
Creators: name: RASMUSSEN, Grane Mikael Gregaard
name: EDWARDS, Kasper
Publisher: name: CPH Conference : 11th International Symposium on Human Factors in Organisational Design and Management
Year: 2014

description: Performance systems and social capital are considered mutually exclusive. Contemporary studies show that social capital is essential in generating performance improvement. This raises an important question: “How do performance systems and social capital correspond?” This study draws on findings from a study on implementation of a performance system in Danish construction. The results show causalities between implementing the performance system and the emergence of social capital in construction projects. Results indicate that performance systems and social capital is not mutually exclusive, but that the effects of performance systems derive from motives for compliance, interpretations of common goals and strategic activities.
Chorea Associated with High Titers of Antiphospholipid Antibodies in the Absence of Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome
Creators: name: Safarpour, Damoun
name: Buckingham, Sarah
name: Jabbari, Bahman
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Medicine
subject: Medical sciences

description: Background: Chorea associated with high titers of antiphospholipid antibodies in the absence of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome has been seldom reported.
Case report: An 89-year-old female developed persistent right side chorea associated with high titers of anticardiolipin antibody (antiphospholipid antibosies immunoglobulin (Ig)M, 45 MPL and 112 IgM aCL (MPL) after 3 months) but normal lupus anticoagulants. Her magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed no abnormality, but positron emission tomography (PET) demonstrated increased bilateral striatal metabolic activity, more on the left side. Her MRI showed no cause for chorea. The PET scan demonstrated a marked increase in the metabolic activity of the left basal ganglia.
Discussion: Her chorea remained unchanged over a 9-month follow-up period. The literature on chorea associated with high titers of antiphospholipid antibodies in the absence of antiphospholipid syndrome is reviewed.
Contact Topology and the Classification of Disclination Lines in Cholesteric Liquid Crystals
Creators: name: Pollard, Joseph
name: Alexander, Gareth P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give a topological classification of defect lines in cholesteric liquid crystals using methods from contact topology. By focusing on the role played by the chirality of the material, we demonstrate a fundamental distinction between `tight' and `overtwisted' disclination lines not detected by standard homotopy theory arguments. The classification of overtwisted lines is the same as nematics, however, we show that tight disclinations possess a topological layer number that is conserved as long as the twist is nonvanishing. Finally, we observe that chirality frustrates the escape of removable defect lines, and explain how this frustration underlies the formation of several structures observed in experiments.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Illegal ways to increase the number of citations
Creators: name: I.Al-Mosawi, Ali
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 190303 Technical Writing
subject: FOS: Media and communications

description: Have you ever wondered how the number of a researcher’s citations increased overnight, as if his articles had become the focus of the entire world’s attention due to their significant scientific impact and miraculous results, and you desperately wanted to know the magical way this researcher used to do such an achievement in a short period? However, it is known that the increase in citations naturally takes many years, but if this increase occurs in a short period, the matter is not related to either science or magic, but rather by illegal ways that the researcher follows to increase his citations. In this report, we will learn about these unlawful ways.
The prevalence and factors associated for anti-tuberculosis treatment non-adherence among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in public health care facilities in South Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Gesesew, Hailay
Publisher: name: Torrens University Australia
Year: 2022
Subjects: Social determinants of health

description: Background: Evidence exists pointing out how non-adherence to treatment remains a major hurdle to efficient tuberculosis control in developing countries. Many tuberculosis (Tb) patients do not complete their six-month course of anti-tuberculosis medications and are not aware of the importance of sputum re-examinations, thereby putting themselves at risk of developing multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis and relapse. However, there is a dearth of publications about non-adherence towards anti-Tb medication in these settings. We assessed the prevalence of and associated factors for anti-Tb treatment non-adherence in public health care facilities of South Ethiopia. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey using both quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative study was conducted among 261 Tb patients from 17 health centers and one general hospital. The qualitative aspect included an in-depth interview of 14 key informants. For quantitative data, the analysis of descriptive statistics, bivariate and multiple logistic regression was carried out, while thematic framework analysis was applied for the qualitative data. Results: The prevalence of non-adherence towards anti-Tb treatment was 24.5%. Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that poor knowledge towards tuberculosis and its treatment (AOR = 4.6, 95%CI: 1.4-15.6), cost of medication other than Tb (AOR = 4.7, 95%CI: 1.7-13.4), having of health information at every visit (AOR = 3, 95% CI: 1.1-8.4) and distance of DOTS center from individual home (AOR = 5.7, 95%CI: 1.9-16.8) showed statistically significant association with non-adherence towards anti- tuberculosis treatment. Qualitative study also revealed that distance, lack of awareness about importance of treatment completion and cost of transportation were the major barriers for adherence. Conclusions: A quarter of Tb patients interrupted their treatment due to knowledge, availability and accessibility of DOTS service. We recommend creating awareness about anti-Tb treatment, and decentralization of drug pick-ups to the lowest level of health institutions.
KL-based Control of the Learning Schedule for Surrogate Black-Box Optimization
Creators: name: Loshchilov, Ilya
name: Schoenauer, Marc
name: Sebag, Michèle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper investigates the control of an ML component within the Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy (CMA-ES) devoted to black-box optimization. The known CMA-ES weakness is its sample complexity, the number of evaluations of the objective function needed to approximate the global optimum. This weakness is commonly addressed through surrogate optimization, learning an estimate of the objective function a.k.a. surrogate model, and replacing most evaluations of the true objective function with the (inexpensive) evaluation of the surrogate model. This paper presents a principled control of the learning schedule (when to relearn the surrogate model), based on the Kullback-Leibler divergence of the current search distribution and the training distribution of the former surrogate model. The experimental validation of the proposed approach shows significant performance gains on a comprehensive set of ill-conditioned benchmark problems, compared to the best state of the art including the quasi-Newton high-precision BFGS method.
Focal Task-specific Dystonia among Professional Musicians in Latin America
Creators: name: Gatto, Emilia
name: Chade, Anabel
name: Persi, Gabriel
name: Parisi, Virginia
name: Ayarza, Ana
name: Campuzano, Miguel
name: Garcia, Silvia
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Medicine
subject: Medical sciences
subject: Music

description: The authors read with great interest the article ‘‘Focal Task-specific Dystonia—
From Early Descriptions to a New, Modern Formulation’’ by Frucht, which presented a new working conceptual model of focal taskspecific
dystonia (FTSD) attempting to integrate phenomenology,
physiology, and treatment. Nevertheless, several aspects of FTSD
remain unresolved, and Frucht suggests that international working
groups focusing on musician’s dystonia (MD) could contribute to better
understanding in the field.
The estimated prevalence of FTSD is 0.5–1% for all professional
musicians, although there is wide variation in different populations and
in the type of instrument played.2–5
To investigate the data available from their region, the authors conducted a
systematic search of MD in Latin America. The Medline, EMBASE,
and LILACS databases were explored using the subject terms
musician’s dystonia Latin America, focal dystonia Latin America,
and prevalence studies of FTSD in highly skilled musicians from Latin
America. The authors searched for articles in English and in Spanish. Data
from Latin American countries about MD are scarce, and only
isolated reports or small series of cases were found in the English
literature.
Resembling holographic dark energy with f(R)gravity as scalar field and ghost dark energy with tachyon scalar fields
Creators: name: Aghamohammadi, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article,the dynamics and potential of two different scalar field models is presented in a at Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker(FLRW) universe. One of those models is obtained from the corresponding relation between holographic energy density (HED) with energy density of the corresponding scalar field of f(R) gravity,and other models is achieved from connection between the ghost energy density (GDE) with energy density of the tachyon field model. Also, a f(R) model according to the the HDE model is calculated then stability,anti -gravity and viable conditions on it are investigated.
description: 5 pages. 1figures
title: Analyse der Durchblutung in ausgewählten Schultermuskeln bei der Ausführung statischer Überkopfarbeit mit passivem Exoskelett in einer Laborstudie
Creators: name: Pätzold, Maximilian
name: Klaer, Verena
name: Wakula, Jurij
Publisher: name: GfA-Press
Year: 2023

description: Im Rahmen einer Laborstudie am IAD der TU Darmstadt wurde die lokale Durchblutung in zwei Muskeln des Arm-Schulter-Systems mit und ohne passivem Exoskelett während statischer Überkopfarbeit untersucht. Die Analyse fand mit 10 männlichen Probanden in zwei statischen Haltungen, eine im Beginn und eine im Bereich starker Überkopfarbeit statt. Die Nahinfrarotspektroskopie (NIRS) wurde eingesetzt, um die lokale Sauerstoffsättigung (TSI%) in den tiefen Muskelschichten zu messen. Mit dem Exoskelett konnte eine bessere Oxygenierung des M. deltoideus pars acromialis gezeigt werden. Dies äußert sich in einer geringeren Entsättigungsgeschwindigkeit der Sauerstoffsättigung sowie einer geringfügig höheren Sauerstoffsättigung nach Erreichen eines stationären Zustands unter Last.
Getting Permission
Creators: name: Hamburger, Philip
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Research--Law and legislation
subject: Research--Moral and ethical aspects
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: This inquiry focuses on the various laws that generally impose IRB (Institutional Review Boards) licensing on human subjects research, a range of statutes, regulations, and common law doctrines here called "the IRB laws."
Dynamik: Syntactically-Driven Dynamic Font Sizing for Emphasis of Key Information
Creators: name: Nishida, Naoto
name: Ishiguro, Yoshio
name: Rekiomto, Jun
name: Yamashita, Naomi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In today's globalized world, there are increasing opportunities for individuals to communicate using a common non-native language (lingua franca). Non-native speakers often have opportunities to listen to foreign languages, but may not comprehend them as fully as native speakers do. To aid real-time comprehension, live transcription of subtitles is frequently used in everyday life (e.g., during Zoom conversations, watching YouTube videos, or on social networking sites). However, simultaneously reading subtitles while listening can increase cognitive load. In this study, we propose Dynamik, a system that reduces cognitive load during reading by decreasing the size of less important words and enlarging important ones, thereby enhancing sentence contrast. Our results indicate that Dynamik can reduce certain aspects of cognitive load, specifically, participants' perceived performance and effort among individuals with low proficiency in English, as well as enhance the users' sense of comprehension, especially among people with low English ability. We further discuss our methods' applicability to other languages and potential improvements and further research directions.
description: 30 pages, 11 figures, presented at The ACM Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (ACM IUI) 2025
Uncommon Applications of Deep Brain Stimulation in Hyperkinetic Movement
Disorders
Creators: name: Smith, Kara M.
name: Spindler, Meredith A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Medicine
subject: Medical sciences

description: Background: In addition to the established indications of tremor and dystonia, deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been utilized less commonly for several hyperkinetic movement disorders, including medication-refractory myoclonus, ballism, chorea, and Gilles de la Tourette (GTS) and tardive syndromes. Given the lack of adequate controlled trials, it is difficult to translate published reports into clinical use. We summarize the literature, draw conclusions regarding efficacy when possible, and highlight concerns and areas for future study.
Methods: A Pubmed search was performed for English-language articles between January 1980 and June 2014. Studies were selected if they focused primarily on DBS to treat the conditions of focus.
Results: We identified 49 cases of DBS for myoclonus-dystonia, 21 for Huntington’s disease, 15 for choreacanthocytosis, 129 for GTS, and 73 for tardive syndromes. Bilateral globus pallidus interna (GPi) DBS was the most frequently utilized procedure for all conditions except GTS, in which medial thalamic DBS was more common. While the majority of cases demonstrate some improvement, there are also reports of no improvement or even worsening of symptoms in each condition. The few studies including functional or quality of life outcomes suggest benefit. A limited number of studies included blinded on/off testing. There have been two double-blind controlled trials performed in GTS and a single prospective double-blind, uncontrolled trial in tardive syndromes. Patient characteristics, surgical target, stimulation parameters, and duration of follow-up varied among studies.
Discussion: Despite these extensive limitations, the literature overall supports the efficacy of DBS in these conditions, in particular GTS and tardive syndromes. For other conditions, the preliminary evidence from small studies is promising and encourages further study.
Vascular Risk Factors and Clinical Progression in Spinocerebellar Ataxias
Creators: name: Lo, Raymond Y.
name: Figueroa, Karla P.
name: Pulst, Stefan M.
name: Lin, Chi-Ying
name: Perlman, Susan
name: Wilmot, George
name: Paulson, Henry
name: Gomez, Christopher M.
name: Schmahmann, Jeremy
name: Shakkottai, Vikram G.
name: Ying, Sarah H.
name: Zesiewicz, Theresa
name: Bushara, Khalaf
name: Geschwind, Michael
name: Xia, Guangbin
name: Subramony, S. H.
name: Ashizawa, Tetsuo
name: Kuo, Sheng-Han
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Medicine
subject: Medical sciences

description: Background: The contributions of vascular risk factors to spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) are not known.
Methods: We studied 319 participants with SCA 1, 2, 3, and 6 and repeatedly measured clinical severity using the Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) for 2 years. Vascular risk factors were summarized by CHA2DS2-VASc scores as the vascular risk factor index. We employed regression models to study the effects of vascular risk factors on ataxia onset and progression after adjusting for age, sex, and pathological CAG repeats. Our secondary analyses took hyperlipidemia into account.
Results: Nearly 60% of SCA participants were at low vascular risks with CHA2DS2-VASc50, and 31% scored 2 or greater. Higher CHA2DS2-VASc scores were not associated with either earlier onset or faster progression of ataxia. These findings were not altered after accounting for hyperlipidemia.
Discussion: Vascular risks are not common in SCAs and are not associated with earlier onset or faster ataxia progression.
Emergence of Molecular Chirality by Vibrational Raman Scattering
Creators: name: Ghahramani, Farhad Taher
name: Shafiee, Afshin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this study, we apply the monitoring master equation describing decoherence of internal states to an optically active molecule prepared in a coherent superposition of nondegenerate internal states interacting with thermal photons at low temperatures. We use vibrational Raman scattering theory up to the first chiral-sensitive contribution, i.e., the mixed electric-magnetic interaction, to obtain scattering amplitudes in terms of molecular polarizability tensors. The resulting density matrix is used to obtain elastic decoherence rates.
description: 5pages
Joint analysis of gravitational-wave and electromagnetic data of mergers: breaking an afterglow model degeneracy in GW170817 and in future events
Creators: name: Gianfagna, Giulia
name: Piro, Luigi
name: Pannarale, Francesco
name: Van Eerten, Hendrik
name: Ricci, Fulvio
name: Ryan, Geoffrey
name: Troja, Eleonora
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On August 17, 2017, Advanced LIGO and Virgo observed GW170817, the first gravitational-wave (GW) signal from a binary neutron star merger. It was followed by a short-duration gamma-ray burst, GRB 170817A, and by a non-thermal afterglow emission. In this work, a combined simultaneous fit of the electromagnetic (EM, specifically, afterglow) and GW domains is implemented, both using the posterior distribution of a GW standalone analysis as prior distribution to separately process the EM data, and fitting the EM and GW domains simultaneously. These approaches coincide mathematically, as long as the actual posterior of the GW analysis, and not an approximation, is used as prior for the EM analysis. We treat the viewing angle, $θ_v$, as shared parameter across the two domains. In the afterglow modelling with a Gaussian structured jet this parameter and the jet core angle, $θ_c$, are correlated, leading to high uncertainties on their values. The joint EM+GW analysis relaxes this degeneracy, reducing the uncertainty compared to an EM-only fit. We also apply our methodology to hypothetical GW170817-like events occurring in the next GW observing run at $\sim$140 and 70 Mpc. At 70 Mpc the existing EM degeneracy is broken, thanks to the inclusion of the GW domain in the analysis. At 140 Mpc, the EM-only fit cannot constrain $θ_v$ nor $θ_c$ because of the lack of detections in the afterglow rising phase. Folding the GW data into the analysis leads to tighter constraints on $θ_v$, still leaving $θ_c$ unconstrained, requiring instruments with higher sensitivities, such as Athena.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
On the effective superpotential in the generic higher-derivative superfield supersymmetric three-dimensional gauge theory
Creators: name: Gama, F. S.
name: Nascimento, J. R.
name: Petrov, A. Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We formulate a generic three-dimensional superfield higher-derivative gauge theory coupled to the matter, which, in certain cases reduces to the three-dimensional scalar super-QED, or supersymmetric Maxwell-Chern-Simons or Chern-Simons theories with matter. For this theory, we explicitly calculate the one-loop effective potential.
description: 13 pages, minor corrections, reference added
Displacements in organisations’ responses to the inspections of their psychosocial working environment
Creators: name: STARHEIM, Liv
Publisher: name: CPH Conference : 11th International Symposium on Human Factors in Organisational Design and Management
Year: 2014

description: The purpose of this paper is to analyse how organisational activities correspond
with the Working Environment Authority’s description of psychosocial working
environment problems at the workplaces. Through the case study of twelve workplaces the activities are analysed focusing on the relationship between the Working Environment Authority’s problem descriptions after an inspection visit, and the solutions implemented by the workplace to solve the pinpointed problems. The Garbage Can model of decision making frames the understanding of how the workplaces decides, which activities they initiate as a result of the Working Environment Authority inspection. Displacement of the problem solving is suggested as a category of decision-making. The analysis shows, how the organisations choose relevant or displaced activities depended upon their agreement in the problem description, their acceptance of suggestion solution, and their success in establishing a reasonable understanding of the causes of the problems. The inspection visit is regarded as an opportunity to implement solutions to problems in the psychosocial working environment, which already exists as a possible and legitimate improvement activity in the workplaces, as well as a push to start a process to develop new solutions.
Short dynamic fibrils in sunspot chromospheres
Creators: name: van der Voort, Luc Rouppe
name: Rodriguez, Jaime de la Cruz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sunspot chromospheres display vigorous oscillatory signature when observed in chromospheric diagnostics like the strong Ca II lines and H-alpha. New high-resolution sunspot observations from the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope show the ubiquitous presence of small-scale periodic jet-like features that move up and down. This phenomenon has not been described before. Their typical width is about 0.3 arcsec and they display clear parabolic trajectories in space-time diagrams. The maximum extension of the top of the jets is lowest in the umbra, a few 100 km, and progressively longer further away from the umbra in the penumbra, with the longest more than 1000 km. These jets resemble dynamic fibrils found in plage regions but at smaller extensions. LTE inversion of spectro-polarimetric Ca II 8542 observations enabled for a comparison of the magnetic field inclination and the properties of these short jets. We find that the most extended of these jets also have longer periods and tend to be located in regions with more horizontal magnetic fields. This is a direct observational confirmation of the mechanism of long-period waves propagating along inclined magnetic fields into the solar chromosphere. This mechanism was identified earlier as the driver of dynamic fibrils in plage, part of the mottles in quiet Sun, and type I spicules at the limb. The sunspot dynamic fibrils that we report here represent a new class of manifestation of this mechanism. They are not the same as the transient penumbral and umbral micro-jets reported earlier.
description: animations of figures can be found at http://folk.uio.no/rouppe/dfsunspot/
Risk factors for COVID-19 infection, disease severity and related deaths in Africa: A systematic review
Creators: name: Gesesew, Hailay
Publisher: name: Torrens University Australia
Year: 2022
Subjects: Health equity

description: Objective The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive evidence on risk factors for transmission, disease severity and COVID-19 related deaths in Africa. Design A systematic review has been conducted to synthesise existing evidence on risk factors affecting COVID-19 outcomes across Africa. Data sources Data were systematically searched from MEDLINE, Scopus, MedRxiv and BioRxiv. Eligibility criteria Studies for review were included if they were published in English and reported at least one risk factor and/or one health outcome. We included all relevant literature published up until 11 August 2020. Data extraction and synthesis We performed a systematic narrative synthesis to describe the available studies for each outcome. Data were extracted using a standardised Joanna Briggs Institute data extraction form. Results Fifteen articles met the inclusion criteria of which four were exclusively on Africa and the remaining 11 papers had a global focus with some data from Africa. Higher rates of infection in Africa are associated with high population density, urbanisation, transport connectivity, high volume of tourism and international trade, and high level of economic and political openness. Limited or poor access to healthcare are also associated with higher COVID-19 infection rates. Older people and individuals with chronic conditions such as HIV, tuberculosis and anaemia experience severe forms COVID-19 leading to hospitalisation and death. Similarly, high burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, high prevalence of tobacco consumption and low levels of expenditure on health and low levels of global health security score contribute to COVID-19 related deaths. Conclusions Demographic, institutional, ecological, health system and politico-economic factors influenced the spectrum of COVID-19 infection, severity and death. We recommend multidisciplinary and integrated approaches to mitigate the identified factors and strengthen effective prevention strategies.
Comparison of VIM and STN DBS for Parkinsonian Resting and Postural/Action Tremor
Creators: name: Parihar, Raminder
name: Alterman, Ron
name: Papavassiliou, Efstathios
name: Tarsy, Daniel
name: Shih, Ludy C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Medicine
subject: Medical sciences

description: Background: Resting tremor is common in Parkinson’s disease (PD), but up to 47% of PD patients have action tremor, which is sometimes resistant to medications. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) of the thalamus or subthalamic nucleus (STN) is effective for medication-refractory tremor in PD, though it remains unclear whether STN DBS is as effective as VIM DBS for postural/action tremor related to PD.

Methods: We carried out a single-center retrospective review of patients with medication-refractory resting, postural, and action PD tremor, treated with either VIM or STN DBS between August 2004 and March 2014. We assessed the degree of improvement using items 20 and 21 of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor scale and examined the proportion of patients achieving tremor arrest.

Results: A total of 18 patients were analyzed, 10 treated with STN and eight treated with VIM, with similar off-medication motor UPDRS scores. There was no significant difference in improvement in tremor scores or in the proportion of patients experiencing tremor arrest between the two stimulation sites. Overall, 56% and 72% of patients experienced complete absence of postural/action tremor and resting tremor, respectively, at last follow-up.

Discussion: This study demonstrated excellent outcomes on both resting and postural/action tremor after either VIM or STN DBS. Resting tremor improved to a greater degree than postural/action tremor in both groups. These results suggest that a large randomized controlled trial is needed to show a superior effect of one target on PD tremor.
Deep-pretrained-FWI: combining supervised learning with physics-informed neural network
Creators: name: Muller, Ana Paula O.
name: Bom, Clecio R.
name: Costa, Jessé C.
name: Klatt, Matheus
name: Faria, Elisângela L.
name: de Albuquerque, Marcelo P.
name: de Albuquerque, Márcio P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An accurate velocity model is essential to make a good seismic image. Conventional methods to perform Velocity Model Building (VMB) tasks rely on inverse methods, which, despite being widely used, are ill-posed problems that require intense and specialized human supervision. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) have been extensively investigated as an alternative to solve the VMB task. Two main approaches were investigated in the literature: supervised training and Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINN). Supervised training presents some generalization issues since structures, and velocity ranges must be similar in training and test set. Some works integrated Full-waveform Inversion (FWI) with CNN, defining the problem of VMB in the PINN framework. In this case, the CNN stabilizes the inversion, acting like a regularizer and avoiding local minima-related problems and, in some cases, sparing an initial velocity model. Our approach combines supervised and physics-informed neural networks by using transfer learning to start the inversion. The pre-trained CNN is obtained using a supervised approach based on training with a reduced and simple data set to capture the main velocity trend at the initial FWI iterations. We show that transfer learning reduces the uncertainties of the process, accelerates model convergence, and improves the final scores of the iterative process.
description: Paper present at machine Learning and the Physical Sciences workshop, NeurIPS 2022
Two approaches for describing the Casimir interaction with graphene: density-density correlation function versus polarization tensor
Creators: name: Klimchitskaya, G. L.
name: Mostepanenko, V. M.
name: Sernelius, Bo E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The comparison studies of theoretical approaches to the description of the Casimir interaction in layered systems including graphene is performed. It is shown that at zero temperature the approach using the polarization tensor leads to the same results as the approach using the longitudinal density-density correlation function of graphene. An explicit expression for the zero-temperature transverse density-density correlation function of graphene is provided. We further show that the computational results for the Casimir free energy of graphene-graphene and graphene-Au plate interactions at room temperature, obtained using the temperature-dependent polarization tensor, deviate significantly from those using the longitudinal density-density correlation function defined at zero temperature. We derive both the longitudinal and transverse density-density correlation functions of graphene at nonzero temperature. The Casimir free energy in layered structures including graphene, computed using the temperature-dependent correlation functions, is exactly equal to that found using the polarization tensor.
description: 17 pages, 6 figures. Minor additions have been made in accordance with the Journal version; to appear in Phys. Rev. B
Seeking Research Software. A Qualitative Study of Humanities Scholars' Information Practices
Creators: name: Gey, Ronny
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Practices
subject: Research Software
subject: Information Seeking
subject: Humanities
subject: FOS: Humanities

description: Masters thesis for the M.A. in Library and Information Science at the Institute for Library and Information Science (https://ibi.hu-berlin.de/) at Humboldt University of Berlin (https://www.hu-berlin.de).
The Role of Dopamine and Dopaminergic Pathways in Dystonia: Insights from Neuroimaging
Creators: name: Karimi, Morvarid
name: Perlmutter, Joel S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Medicine
subject: Biochemistry

description: Background: Dystonia constitutes a heterogeneous group of movement abnormalities, characterized by sustained or intermittent muscle contractions causing abnormal postures. Overwhelming data suggest involvement of basal ganglia and dopaminergic pathways in dystonia. In this review, we critically evaluate recent neuroimaging studies that investigate dopamine receptors, endogenous dopamine release, morphology of striatum, and structural or functional connectivity in cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical and related cerebellar circuits in dystonia.
Method: A PubMed search was conducted in August 2014.
Results: Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging offers strong evidence for altered D2/D3 receptor binding and dopaminergic release in many forms of idiopathic dystonia. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data reveal likely involvement of related cerebello-thalamocortical and sensory-motor networks in addition to basal ganglia.
Discussion: PET imaging of dopamine receptors or transmitter release remains an effective means to investigate dopaminergic pathways, yet may miss factors affecting dopamine homeostasis and related subcellular signaling cascades that could alter the function of these pathways. fMRI and DTI methods may reveal functional or anatomical changes associated with dysfunction of dopamine-mediated pathways. Each of these methods can be used to monitor target engagement for potential new treatments. PET imaging of striatal phosphodiesterase and development of new selective PET radiotracers for dopamine D3-specific receptors and Mechanistic target of rampamycin (mTOR) are crucial to further investigate dopaminergic pathways. A multimodal approach may have the greatest potential, using PET to identify the sites of molecular pathology and magnetic resonance methods to determine their downstream effects.
A hierarchy of exactly solvable spin-1/2 chains with so(N)_1 critical points
Creators: name: Lahtinen, Ville
name: Mansson, Teresia
name: Ardonne, Eddy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a hierarchy of exactly solvable spin-1/2 chains with so(N)_1 critical points. Our construction is based on the framework of condensate-induced transitions between topological phases. We employ this framework to construct a Hamiltonian term that couples N transverse field Ising chains such that the resulting theory is critical and described by the so(N)_1 conformal field theory. By employing spin duality transformations, we then cast these spin chains for arbitrary N into translationally invariant forms that all allow exact solution by the means of a Jordan-Wigner transformation. For odd N our models generalize the phase diagram of the transverse field Ising chain, the simplest model in our hierarchy. For even N the models can be viewed as longer ranger generalizations of the XY chain, the next model in the hierarchy. We also demonstrate that our method of constructing spin chains with given critical points goes beyond exactly solvable models. Applying the same strategy to the Blume-Capel model, a spin-1 generalization of the Ising chain in a generic magnetic field, we construct another critical spin-1 chain with the predicted CFT describing the criticality.
description: 24 pages, 5 figures; v2: minor changes and added references