cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 1: of The social, physical and economic impact of lymphedema and hydrocele: a matched cross-sectional study in rural Nigeria
Creators: name: Obiora Eneanya
name: Garske, Tini
name: Donnelly, Christl
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Table S1. Demographics and matching criteria. (DOCX 13 kb)
title: Ambient oxidation dynamics of copper antimicrobial surfaces
Creators: name: Ashton, Emmelia
name: Hirsch, Daniela
name: Lowe, Terry
Publisher: name: Colorado School of Mines. Arthur Lakes Library
Year: 2024

description: In recent years, increased resistance of pathogens to traditional antibiotics has mounted serious health concerns. The development of novel, improved, and non-selective antimicrobial agents is necessary to combat the further spread of infectious disease and protect public health from antibiotic resistant superbugs. Recent advancements in understanding naturally biocidal surfaces have led to the development of nanopatterning techniques aimed at enhancing the antimicrobial properties of metallic substrates like copper. Copper possesses natural antimicrobial activity which can be enhanced by creating nanoscale surface features. Leveraging the heightened biocidal effect of copper substrates holds promise across various applications to address the escalating challenges posed by bacterial resistance and the proliferation of infectious diseases. However, despite its efficacy and common use in antimicrobial applications, copper is susceptible to oxidation in ambient environments. To understand how copper surfaces change when used in biocidal applications, surface oxide thickness on four copper substrates was periodically measured using ellipsometry to characterize the growth of cuprous oxide under ambient conditions. Such analysis aims to quantify oxide layer thickness and delineate the growth kinetics of cuprous oxide under ambient conditions, providing crucial insights into the response of copper substrates to ambient environmental factors. Understanding surface oxidation dynamics is pivotal in evaluating the long-term antimicrobial efficacy of copper and optimizing its applications in combating infectious diseases.
Gravity From Topological Field Theory
Creators: name: Gegenberg, J.
name: Mann, R. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a topological field theory which, on the one hand, generalizes BF theories in that there is non-trivial coupling to `topological matter fields'; and, on the other, generalizes the three-dimensional model of Carlip and Gegenberg to arbitrary dimensional manifolds. Like the three dimensional model, the theory can be considered to describe a gravitational field interacting with topological matter. In particular, in two dimensions, the model is that of gravity on a torus. In four dimensions, the model is shown to admit constant curvature black hole solutions.
description: Latex, 16 pages
Swimming and the human microbiome at the intersection of sports, clinical, and environmental sciences: A scoping review of the literature
Creators: name: Puce, Luca
name: Hampton-Marcell, Jarrad
name: Trabelsi, Khaled
name: Ammar, Achraf
name: Chtourou, Hamdi
name: Boulares, Ayoub
name: Marinelli, Lucio
name: Mori, Laura
name: Cotellessa, Filippo
name: Currà, Antonio
name: Trompetto, Carlo
name: Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 31
subject: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
classificationCode: 41
subject: Environmental sciences
classificationCode: 3207
subject: Medical microbiology
classificationCode: 3107
subject: Microbiology
classificationCode: 4106
subject: Soil sciences

description: The human microbiota is comprised of more than 10-100 trillion microbial taxa and symbiotic cells. Two major human sites that are host to microbial communities are the gut and the skin. Physical exercise has favorable effects on the structure of human microbiota and metabolite production in sedentary subjects. Recently, the concept of "athletic microbiome" has been introduced. To the best of our knowledge, there exists no review specifically addressing the potential role of microbiomics for swimmers, since each sports discipline requires a specific set of techniques, training protocols, and interactions with the athletic infrastructure/facility. Therefore, to fill in this gap, the present scoping review was undertaken. Four studies were included, three focusing on the gut microbiome, and one addressing the skin microbiome. It was found that several exercise-related variables, such as training volume/intensity, impact the athlete's microbiome, and specifically the non-core/peripheral microbiome, in terms of its architecture/composition, richness, and diversity. Swimming-related power-/sprint- and endurance-oriented activities, acute bouts and chronic exercise, anaerobic/aerobic energy systems have a differential impact on the athlete's microbiome. Therefore, their microbiome can be utilized for different purposes, including talent identification, monitoring the effects of training methodologies, and devising ad hoc conditioning protocols, including dietary supplementation. Microbiomics can be exploited also for clinical purposes, assessing the effects of exposure to swimming pools and developing potential pharmacological strategies to counteract the insurgence of skin infections/inflammation, including acne. In conclusion, microbiomics appears to be a promising tool, even though current research is still limited, warranting, as such, further studies.
Additional file 2: of The social, physical and economic impact of lymphedema and hydrocele: a matched cross-sectional study in rural Nigeria
Creators: name: Obiora Eneanya
name: Garske, Tini
name: Donnelly, Christl
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Table S2. Descriptive statistics of study participants. (DOCX 20 kb)
NEAR: A Training-Free Pre-Estimator of Machine Learning Model Performance
Creators: name: Husistein, Raphael T.
name: Reiher, Markus
name: Eckhoff, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Artificial neural networks have been shown to be state-of-the-art machine learning models in a wide variety of applications, including natural language processing and image recognition. However, building a performant neural network is a laborious task and requires substantial computing power. Neural Architecture Search (NAS) addresses this issue by an automatic selection of the optimal network from a set of potential candidates. While many NAS methods still require training of (some) neural networks, zero-cost proxies promise to identify the optimal network without training. In this work, we propose the zero-cost proxy \textit{Network Expressivity by Activation Rank} (NEAR). It is based on the effective rank of the pre- and post-activation matrix, i.e., the values of a neural network layer before and after applying its activation function. We demonstrate the cutting-edge correlation between this network score and the model accuracy on NAS-Bench-101 and NATS-Bench-SSS/TSS. In addition, we present a simple approach to estimate the optimal layer sizes in multi-layer perceptrons. Furthermore, we show that this score can be utilized to select hyperparameters such as the activation function and the neural network weight initialization scheme.
description: 21 pages, 9 figures, 13 tables
Methodologies for Validation of Diagnoses in Real-World Data: BONES-A Case Study
Creators: name: Kelly, K.
name: Irwin, D.E.
name: Stürmer, T.
name: Winer, I.
name: Zura, R.
Publisher: name: NLM (Medline)
Year: 2021

description: SUMMARY: The accuracy of any claim-based study is dependent on the quality of real-world coding of the condition of interest. This retrospective, administrative claims analysis presents a method for using a real-world data source to evaluate the accuracy of coding for nonunion of a fifth metatarsal fracture. Patients 21-80 years old with a diagnosis of a fifth metatarsal fracture between January 1, 2016, and October 31, 2016, and a nonunion of the fifth metatarsal fracture within the next 9 months were identified in the MarketScan Databases. Patient health care claims in the 12 months after the nonunion diagnosis were examined for health care encounters and pharmaceutical treatments considered indicative of treatment for nonunion, such as claims for bone growth stimulation or a second claim with a diagnosis of nonunion. Of the 230 patients who had at least one health care encounter attributable to a nonunion of the fifth metatarsal, 95.2% had at least one subsequent health care encounter confirming nonunion diagnosis. The mean number of supporting health care claims was 5.8, and the mean time between nonunion and first confirmatory claim was 33 days. This analysis demonstrated a method for evaluating the quality of coding for a specific condition when a traditional medical chart comparison is not feasible.
A Wigner-Seitz model of charged lamellar colloidal dispersions
Creators: name: Trizac, Emmanuel
name: Hansen, Jean-Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A concentrated suspension of lamellar colloidal particles (e. g. clay) is modelled by considering a single, uniformly charged, finite platelet confined with co- and counterions to a Wigner-Seitz (WS) cell. The system is treated within Poisson-Boltzmann theory, with appropriate boundary conditions on the surface of the WS cell, supposed to account for the confinement effect of neighbouring platelets. Expressions are obtained for the free energy, osmotic and disjoining pressures and the capacitance in terms of the local electrostatic potential and the co- and counterion density profiles. Explicit solutions of the linearized Poisson-Boltzmann (LPB) equation are obtained for circular and square platelets placed at the centre of a cylindrical or parallelepipedic cell. The resulting free energy is found to go through a minimum as a function of the aspect ratio of the cell, for any given volume (determined by the macroscopic concentration of platelets), platelet surface charge and salt concentration. The optimum aspect ratio is found to be nearly independent of the two latter physical parameters. The osmotic and disjoining pressures are found to coincide at the free energy minimum, while the total quadrupole moment of the electric double-layer formed by the platelet and the surrounding co- and counterions vanishes simultaneously. The osmotic equation-of-state is calculated for a variety of physical conditions. The limit of vanishing platelet concentration is considered in some detail, and the force acting between two coaxial platelets is calculated in that limit as a function of their separation.
description: 21 pages, RevTeX, 12 figures available on request to etrizac@physique.ens-lyon.fr, submitted to Physical Review E
title: Neusling (Landau a.d. Isar) 2012 - a multitemporal and multisensoral agricultural EnMAP Preparatory Flight Campaign
Creators: name: Hank, Tobias
name: Locherer, Matthias
name: Richter, Katja
name: Mauser, Wolfram
name: EnMAP Consortium
Publisher: name: GFZ Data Services
Year: 2016

description: EnMAP Flight Campaigns Technical Report;
The dynamic stage of clusters and its influence on the stellar populations of galaxies
Creators: name: Soares, N. R.
name: Rembold, S. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the stellar populations of galaxies in clusters at different dynamical stages, aiming to identify possible effects of the relaxation state of the cluster or subcluster on the star formation histories of its galaxies. We have developed and applied a code for kinematic substructure detection to a sample of 412 galaxy clusters drawn from the \citet[]{tempel2012} catalogue, finding a frequency of substructures of 45\%. We have extracted mean stellar ages with the {\sc{starlight}} spectral synthesis code applied to SDSS-III spectra of the sample galaxies. We found lower mean stellar ages in unrelaxed clusters relative to relaxed clusters. For unrelaxed clusters, we separated primary and secondary subhalos and found that, while relaxed clusters and primaries present similar masses and age distributions, secondaries present younger stellar populations, mainly due to low-mass galaxies ($\log M_\star/M_\odot \lesssim 11$\,dex). An age-clustercentric radius relation is seen for all subhalos irrespective of the presence of substructures. We also observe relations between the mean stellar age and mass of relaxed and unrelaxed clusters, massive systems presenting higher mean ages. The locus of these relations is distinct between relaxed and unrelaxed clusters, but become indistinguishable when separating primaries and secondaries. Our results suggest that differences between relaxed and unrelaxed clusters are mainly driven by low-mass systems in the clusters outskirts, and that, while pre-processing can be seen in the subcomponents of dynamically young clusters, some evolution in the stellar populations must occur during the clusters relaxation.
description: 19 pages, 16 figures
On Conserved Quantities at Spatial Infinity
Creators: name: Perng, Shyan-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is a well-known short list of asymptotic conserved quantities for a physical system at spatial infinity. We search for new ones.This is carried outwithin the asymptotic framework of Ashtekar and Romano, in which spatial infinity is represented as a smooth boundary of space-time. We first introduce, for physical fields on space-time,a characterization of their asymptotic behavior as certain fields on this boundary. Conserved quantities at spatial infinity, in turn, are constructed from these fields. We find,in Minkowski space-time, that each of a Klein-Gordon field, a Maxwell field, and a linearized gravitational field yields an entire hierarchy of conserved quantities. Only certain quantities in this hierarchy survive into curved space-time.
description: 42 pages, submitted to J. Math. Physics
Using propensity scores to estimate effects of treatment initiation decisions: State of the science
Creators: name: Wang, T.
name: Rothman, K.J.
name: Man, K.
name: Ellis, A.R.
name: Marinac-Dabic, D.
name: Glynn, R.J.
name: Gokhale, M.
name: Webster-Clark, M.
name: Lunt, M.
name: Girman, C.
name: Stürmer, T.
Publisher: name: John Wiley and Sons Ltd
Year: 2021

description: Confounding can cause substantial bias in nonexperimental studies that aim to estimate causal effects. Propensity score methods allow researchers to reduce bias from measured confounding by summarizing the distributions of many measured confounders in a single score based on the probability of receiving treatment. This score can then be used to mitigate imbalances in the distributions of these measured confounders between those who received the treatment of interest and those in the comparator population, resulting in less biased treatment effect estimates. This methodology was formalized by Rosenbaum and Rubin in 1983 and, since then, has been used increasingly often across a wide variety of scientific disciplines. In this review article, we provide an overview of propensity scores in the context of real-world evidence generation with a focus on their use in the setting of single treatment decisions, that is, choosing between two therapeutic options. We describe five aspects of propensity score analysis: alignment with the potential outcomes framework, implications for study design, estimation procedures, implementation options, and reporting. We add context to these concepts by highlighting how the types of comparator used, the implementation method, and balance assessment techniques have changed over time. Finally, we discuss evolving applications of propensity scores.
Solving Decision Theory Problems with Probabilistic Answer Set Programming
Creators: name: Azzolini, Damiano
name: Bellodi, Elena
name: Kiesel, Rafael
name: Riguzzi, Fabrizio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Solving a decision theory problem usually involves finding the actions, among a set of possible ones, which optimize the expected reward, possibly accounting for the uncertainty of the environment. In this paper, we introduce the possibility to encode decision theory problems with Probabilistic Answer Set Programming under the credal semantics via decision atoms and utility attributes. To solve the task we propose an algorithm based on three layers of Algebraic Model Counting, that we test on several synthetic datasets against an algorithm that adopts answer set enumeration. Empirical results show that our algorithm can manage non trivial instances of programs in a reasonable amount of time. Under consideration in Theory and Practice of Logic Programming (TPLP).
description: Under consideration in Theory and Practice of Logic Programming (TPLP)
Are We Closer to International Consensus on the Term ‘Food Literacy’?: A Systematic Scoping Review of Its Use in the Academic Literature (1998–2019)
Creators: name: Thompson, Courtney
name: Adams, Jean
name: Vidgen, Helen Anna
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: food literacy
systematic scoping review
definition
concepts
application

description: (1) Background: The term ‘food literacy’ has gained momentum globally; however, a lack of clarity around its definition has resulted in inconsistencies in use of the term. Therefore, the objective was to conduct a systematic scoping review to describe the use, reach, application and definitions of the term ‘food literacy’ over time. (2) Methods: A search was conducted using the PRISMA-ScR guidelines in seven research databases without any date limitations up to 31 December 2019, searching simply for use of the term ‘food literacy’. (3) Results: Five hundred and forty-nine studies were included. The term ‘food literacy’ was used once in 243 articles (44%) and mentioned by researchers working in 41 countries. Original research was the most common article type (n = 429, 78%). Food literacy was published across 72 In Cites disciplines, with 456 (83%) articles from the last 5 years. In articles about food literacy (n = 82, 15%), review articles were twice as prevalent compared to the total number of articles (n = 10, 12% vs. n = 32, 6%). Fifty-one different definitions of food literacy were cited. (4) Conclusions: ‘Food literacy’ has been used frequently and broadly across differing article types and disciplines in academic literature internationally. However, agreement on a standardised definition of food literacy endorsed by a peak international agency is needed in order to progress the field.
Perspectives on the future of epidemiology: A framework for training
Creators: name: Lash, T.L.
name: Celentano, D.D.
name: Fox, M.P.
name: Colditz, G.A.
name: Armenian, H.
name: Werler, M.
name: Schisterman, E.F.
name: Branas, C.C.
name: Ness, R.
name: Levy, D.
name: Szklo, M.
name: Keyes, K.
name: He, J.
name: Hawes, S.E.
name: Morabia, A.
name: Ko, A.I.
name: Hofman, A.
name: Duggal, P.
name: Wilcox, A.J.
name: Javier Nieto, F.
name: Stürmer, T.
name: Ehrhardt, S.
name: Lau, B.
name: Lu, M.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2020

description: Over the past century, the field of epidemiology has evolved and adapted to changing public health needs. Challenges include newly emerging public health concerns across broad and diverse content areas, new methods, and vast data sources. We recognize the need to engage and educate the next generation of epidemiologists and prepare them to tackle these issues of the 21st century. In this commentary, we suggest a skeleton framework upon which departments of epidemiology should build their curriculum. We propose domains that include applied epidemiology, biological and social determinants of health, communication, creativity and ability to collaborate and lead, statistical methods, and study design. We believe all students should gain skills across these domains to tackle the challenges posed to us. The aim is to train smart thinkers, not technicians, to embrace challenges and move the expanding field of epidemiology forward.
SAPSAM - Sparsely Annotated Pathological Sign Activation Maps - A novel approach to train Convolutional Neural Networks on lung CT scans using binary labels only
Creators: name: Zusag, Mario
name: Desai, Sujal
name: Di Paolo, Marcello
name: Semple, Thomas
name: Shah, Anand
name: Angelini, Elsa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis (CPA) is a complex lung disease caused by infection with Aspergillus. Computed tomography (CT) images are frequently requested in patients with suspected and established disease, but the radiological signs on CT are difficult to quantify making accurate follow-up challenging. We propose a novel method to train Convolutional Neural Networks using only regional labels on the presence of pathological signs, to not only detect CPA, but also spatially localize pathological signs. We use average intensity projections within different ranges of Hounsfield-unit (HU) values, transforming input 3D CT scans into 2D RGB-like images. CNN architectures are trained for hierarchical tasks, leading to precise activation maps of pathological patterns. Results on a cohort of 352 subjects demonstrate high classification accuracy, localization precision and predictive power of 2 year survival. Such tool opens the way to CPA patient stratification and quantitative follow-up of CPA pathological signs, for patients under drug therapy.
description: Accepted paper for ISBI2019
Association Between an Acute, Drug-Induced Decrease in High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels and Risk of Cardiovascular Events
Creators: name: DiBello, J.
name: Layton, J.B.
name: Requena, G.
name: Ma, L.
name: Stürmer, T.
Publisher: name: Adis
Year: 2020

description: Background and Objective: The literature describing the long-term effect of an acute, drug-induced decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and cardiovascular (CV) risk is limited. We aimed to further explore this potential association. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) between 2006 and 2014. The study enrolled patients who initiated statin therapy for a short term, to identify patients with an acute, short-term decrease in HDL levels rather than to assess sustained treatment. HDL-C measurements were assessed within 9 months before and after statin initiation and patients were followed up for up to 5 years for CV events, comparing those with a decrease in HDL-C with those with constant HDL-C levels. The primary composite endpoint of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) was defined as CV death, myocardial infarction, revascularisation, and hospitalised ischaemic stroke. We estimated crude and propensity score weighted 5-year cumulative risk differences and hazard ratios (HR) comparing both groups. Results: A total of 17,543 patients (HDL-C decrease group, n = 6454; HDL-C constant group, n = 11,089) were included in the study. The 5-year cumulative incidence of MACE in the HDL-C constant cohort was 5.91%. The corresponding risk differences for HDL-C decrease versus the constant group was 1.23% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.28–2.18) and the HR was 1.20 (95% CI 1.04–1.39). This was mainly driven by an increased risk in ischaemic stroke (HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.08–1.90) and CV death (HR 1.23, 95% CI 0.93–1.63). Conclusion: Patients with a short-term, drug-induced decrease in HDL-C had a moderately increased long-term risk of CV events compared with those with constant HDL-C levels. Trial Registration Number: 207595 (GlaxoSmithKline Trial registry; https://www.gsk-studyregister.com/).
Topological Defects in Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes as Triplet Exciton Traps and Single-Photon Emitters
Creators: name: Biktagirov, Timur
name: Gerstmann, Uwe
name: Schmidt, Wolf Gero
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the role of topological defects in exciton behavior in (6,5) semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes using density functional theory. Our study identifies the helical Stone-Wales defect as a prominent trap for triplet excitons, characterized by a large zero-field splitting consistent with experimental data and a small singlet-triplet gap. The weak electron-phonon coupling, as evidenced by a Huang-Rhys factor of 0.74, renders it a promising single-photon emitter, with the zero-phonon line predicted at 1.6 $μ$m, within the telecom range. These insights into defect-engineered electronic structure and exciton dynamics offer promising opportunities for improving the performance of carbon nanotube-based quantum light sources and optoelectronic devices.
Effect of Initiating Cardiac Rehabilitation after Myocardial Infarction on Subsequent Hospitalization in Older Adults
Creators: name: Brookhart, M.A.
name: Stürmer, T.
name: Simpson, R.J.
name: Bush, M.
name: Fang, G.
name: Kucharska-Newton, A.
Publisher: name: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
Year: 2020

description: Purpose: Outpatient cardiac rehabilitation (CR) participation after myocardial infarction (MI) reduces all-cause mortality; however, less is known about effects of CR on post-MI hospitalization. The study objective was to investigate effects of CR on hospitalization following acute MI among older adults. Methods: Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 to 88 yr hospitalized in 2008 with acute MI, who survived at least 60 d post-discharge, had a revascularization procedure during index hospitalization, and did not have an MI in previous year were eligible for this study. CR initiation was assessed in the 60 d post-discharge. Competing risk survival analysis was used to estimate the proportion of discharged beneficiaries hospitalized between the end of 60-d exposure window and December 31, 2009, treating death as a competing event. Results: The mean ± SD age of 32 851 Medicare beneficiaries meeting study criteria was 75 ± 6.0 yr, approximately half were male (52%), and the majority were white (88%). In this study, 21% of beneficiaries initiated CR within the exposure window. At 1 yr post-discharge, CR initiators had a lower risk of recurrent MI (4.2% [95% CI, 3.5-5.1]), cardiovascular (15.7% [95% CI, 14.3-17.2]), and all-cause (30.4% [95% CI, 28.8-32.1]) hospitalization than noninitiators (5.2% [95% CI, 5.0-5.5]; 18.0% [95% CI, 17.6-18.4]; and 33.2% [95% CI, 32.5-33.8], respectively). There was no difference in fracture risk (negative control outcome). Conclusions: This study provides evidence that CR can reduce the 1-yr risk of cardiovascular and all-cause hospital admissions in Medicare aged MI survivors.
Native-TEI dialectal dictionary for Bavarian dialects in Austria: data structure, software and workflow
Creators: name: Bowers, Jack
name: Stöckle, Philipp
name: Breuer, Ludwig Maximilian
name: Breuer, Hans Christian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: lexicography
digital humanities
dialectology

description: This paper discusses the use of TEI in the creation of dually born-digital and print dictionary as part of the Dictionary of Bavarian Dialects in Austria (Wörterbuch der bairischen Mundarten in Österreich ‘WBÖ’). Also we discuss the creation of a lexicographic editor tool that allows the non-TEI expert lexicographers to create TEI articles in background of a user-friendly interface. This work being carried out is a continuation of a legacy project which began in 1913 when data began to be gathered throughout the Bavarian dialect area of the Austrian Empire. The source material being used for the creation of the new articles was collected and elicited using questionnaires and recorded on paper slips. Vocabulary continued to be collected until the 1990’s when the analogue records were converted to a TUSTEP database. Recently the database of more than 2.4 million entries has been converted to TEI (Bowers & Stöckle 2018). At the core of this project are several issues which are particularly significant in the TEI, notably: a) the use of TEI as primary data format for the creation of both a print and digital resource; b) the lexicographic editor tool which provides a user-friendly and open-source alternative to Oxygen XML editor in the creation of systematic and standardized TEI articles using ODD and YAML formatter; c) the structural approach to dialectal dictionary entries in TEI (an under-established/peripheral usage of the module). Herein we describe the specifics of each of these components of the project, focusing particularly on the TEI article structure and the editor tool.
description: {"references": ["Bowers, Jack, and Philipp St\u00f6ckle. \"TEI and Bavarian Dialect Resources in Austria: Updates from the DB\u00d6 and WB\u00d6.\" Second Workshop on Corpus-Based Research in the Humanities (CRH-2), edited by Andrew U. Frank et al., vol. 1, Gerastree Proceedings, GTP 1, 2018."]}
Structure of the super-Eddington outflow and itsimpact on the cosmological scale
Creators: name: Botella, Ignacio
name: Mineshige, Shin
name: Kitaki, Takaaki
name: Ohsuga, Ken
name: Kawashima, Tomohisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is one of the biggest issues in black hole (BH) astrophysics how to precisely evaluate BH feedback to its environments. Aiming at studying the unique gas dynamics of super-Eddington flow around supermassive black hole (SMBH) seeds at high redshift, we carried out axisymmetric two dimensional radiation hydrodynamic simulations by a nested simulation-box method. Here we divide the simulation box into the inner zone at $(2 - 3 \times 10^3) r_{\rm{Sch}}$ (with $r_{\rm Sch}$ being the Schwarzschild radius) and the outer zone at $(2\times 10^{3} - 3\times 10^6) r_{\rm{Sch}}$, with smooth connection of the physical quantities, such as gas density, velocity, and radiation energy. We start the calculation by injecting mass through the outer boundary of the inner zone at a constant rate of $\dot{M}_{\rm{inj}}=10^3L_{\rm{Edd}}/c^2$, where $L_{\rm{Edd}}$ is the Eddington luminosity and $c$ is the speed of light. A powerful outflow is generated in the innermost region and it propagates from the inner zone to the outer zone. The outflows are characterized by a velocity of 0.02$c$ (0.7$c$) and density of $10^{-17}$ ($10^{-19}$) g cm$^{-3}$ for near the edge-on (face-on) direction. The outflow is gradually accelerated as it travels by accepting radiation-pressure force. The final mass outflow rate at the outermost boundary is $\dot{M}_{\rm{out}}\sim 0.3 \times \dot{M}_{\rm{inj}}$. By extrapolating the outflow structure to a further larger scale, we find that the momentum and energy fluxes at $r \sim 0.1$ pc are $\sim 10-100 L_{\rm{Edd}}/c $ and $\sim 0.1-10 L_{\rm{Edd}}$, respectively. Moreover, we find that the impacts are highly anisotropic in the sense that larger impacts are given towards the face-on direction than in the edge-on direction. These results indicate that the BH feedback will more efficiently work on the interstellar medium than that assumed in the cosmological simulations.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures, published online in the Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
Additional file 1: of Decreasing trends, and geographical variation in outpatient antibiotic use: a population-based study in Central Denmark
Creators: name: Kristensen, Pia
name: SĂ¸Ren Johnsen
name: Thomsen, Reimar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Table S2. shows volume of antibiotics DDD per 1000 person-years from 2006 to 2015 according to sex and age groups. Table S3 shows volume of narrow- and broad-spectrum antibiotics DDD per 1000 person-years from 2006 to 2015, stratified by sex and age group and Table S4 shows age and sex standardized volume of subgroup of antibiotics, stratified by the municipalities in Central Denmark Region in 2015. Furthermore the file contains Figures S7 and S8, which shows prescribing rates and volume of antibiotic per 1000 person-years from 2006 to 2015, stratified by sex and age group. (DOCX 1211 kb)
Single-arm Trials with External Comparators and Confounder Misclassification: How Adjustment Can Fail
Creators: name: Webster-Clark, M.
name: Stürmer, T.
name: Jonsson Funk, M.
Publisher: name: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
Year: 2020

description: Background:"Single-arm trials" with external comparators that contrast outcomes in those on experimental therapy to real-world patients have been used to evaluate efficacy and safety of experimental drugs in rare and severe diseases. Regulatory agencies are considering expanding the role these studies can play; guidance thus far has explicitly considered outcome misclassification with little discussion of misclassification of confounding variables.Objectives:This work uses causal diagrams to illustrate how adjustment for a misclassified confounder can result in estimates farther from the truth than ignoring it completely. This theory is augmented with quantitative examples using plausible values for misclassification of smoking in real-world pharmaceutical claims data. A tool is also provided for calculating bias of adjusted estimates with specific input parameters.Results:When confounder misclassification is similar in both data sources, adjustment generally brings estimates closer to the truth. When it is not, adjustment can generate estimates that are considerably farther from the truth than the crude. While all nonrandomized studies are subject to this potential bias, single-arm studies are particularly vulnerable due to perfect alignment of confounder measurement and treatment group. This is most problematic when the prevalence of the confounder does not differ between data sources and misclassification does, but can occur even with strong confounder-data source associations.Discussion:Researchers should consider differential confounder misclassification when designing protocols for these types of studies. Subsample validation of confounders, followed by imputation or other bias correction methods, may be a key tool for combining trial and real-world data going forward.
Incidence of venous thromboembolism following initiation of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in U.S. women
Creators: name: Poole, C.
name: Funk, M.J.
name: Glynn, R.J.
name: Simpson, R.J.
name: Kinsey, T.L.
name: Stürmer, T.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2020

description: Objective: To evaluate the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE, i.e. deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, or both) following new use of NSAIDs in a long-term cohort of U.S. women. Methods: We investigated initiation of coxibs and traditional NSAIDs (excluding aspirin) and incident VTE in 39 876 women enrolled in the Women's Health Study from 1993-95 and followed with yearly questionnaires until 2012. We defined initiation as the first reported use of NSAIDs for ≥4 days per month. Incident VTE was confirmed by an end point committee. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and risk differences (RDs, expressed as percentages) comparing NSAID initiation with non-initiation and acetaminophen initiation (active comparator) via standardization using a propensity score that incorporated age, BMI, calendar time, and relevant medical, behavioural, and socioeconomic variables updated over time. Results: The HR (95% CI) for risk of VTE in the as treated analyses comparing initiation with non-initiation, was 1.5 (1.2, 1.8) for any NSAID, 1.3 (1.1, 1.7) for traditional NSAIDs, and 2.0 (1.3, 3.1) for coxibs, with 2-year RDs 0.11, 0.08 and 0.32, respectively. When comparing the risk of VTE after initiation of any NSAID with that after acetaminophen initiation, the HRs were 0.9 (0.6, 1.5), 0.9 (0.5, 1.5) and 1.4 (0.6, 3.4), with 2-year RDs 0.03, -0.01, and 0.13, respectively. Conclusion: New use of NSAIDs was associated with increased VTE risk compared with non-use, but the association was null or diminished when compared with acetaminophen initiation. Elevated VTE risks associated with NSAID use in observational studies may in part reflect different baseline risks among individuals who need analgesics and may overstate the risk patients incur compared with pharmacologic alternatives.
Amblyseiinae Muma 1961
Creators: name: Arjmandi-Nezhad, Alireza
name: Kreiter, Serge
name: Saboori, Alireza
name: Ravan, Sultan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Mesostigmata
Phytoseiidae

description: Subfamily Amblyseiinae Muma  Amblyseiinae Muma 1961: 273.
description: Published as part of Arjmandi-Nezhad, Alireza, Kreiter, Serge, Saboori, Alireza & Ravan, Sultan, 2022, A new species of Paragigagnathus Amitai & Grinberg (Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae) from Iran, pp. 48-57 in Acarologia 62 (1) on page 49
Graviton and gauge boson propagators in AdS(d+1)
Creators: name: D'Hoker, Eric
name: Freedman, Daniel Z.
name: Mathur, Samir D.
name: Matusis, Alec
name: Rastelli, Leonardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct the gauge field and graviton propagators in Euclidean AdS(d+1) space-time by two different methods. In the first method the gauge invariant Maxwell or linearized Ricci operator is applied directly to bitensor ansatze for the propagators which reflect their gauge structure. This leads to a rapid determination of the physical part of the propagators in terms of elementary functions. The second method is a more traditional approach using covariant gauge fixing which leads to a solution for both physical and gauge parts of the propagators. The gauge invariant parts agree in both methods.
description: 25 pages, LaTeX
Internal Anisotropy of Collision Cascades
Creators: name: Kun, F.
name: Bardos, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the internal anisotropy of collision cascades arising from the branching structure. We show that the global fractal dimension cannot give an adequate description of the geometrical structure of cascades because it is insensitive to the internal anisotropy. In order to give a more elaborate description we introduce an angular correlation function, which takes into account the direction of the local growth of the branches of the cascades. It is demonstrated that the angular correlation function gives a quantitative description of the directionality and the interrelation of branches. The power law decay of the angular correlation is evidenced and characterized by an exponent and an angular correlation length different from the radius of gyration. It is demonstrated that the overlapping of subcascades has a strong effect on the angular correlation.
description: RevteX, 8 pages, 6 .eps figures included
Invariant Manifolds and Collective Coordinates
Creators: name: Papenbrock, T.
name: Seligman, T. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce suitable coordinate systems for interacting many-body systems with invariant manifolds. These are Cartesian in coordinate and momentum space and chosen such that several components are identically zero for motion on the invariant manifold. In this sense these coordinates are collective. We make a connection to Zickendraht's collective coordinates and present certain configurations of few-body systems where rotations and vibrations decouple from single-particle motion. These configurations do not depend on details of the interaction.
description: 15 pages, 2 EPS-figures, uses psfig.sty
A fully nonlinear locally constrained curvature flow for capillary hypersurface
Creators: name: Mei, Xinqun
name: Weng, Liangjun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this article, we study a locally constrained fully nonlinear curvature flow for convex capillary hypersurfaces in half-space. We prove that the flow preserves the convexity, exists for all time, and converges smoothly to a spherical cap. This can be viewed as the fully nonlinear counterpart of the result in \cite{MWW}. As a byproduct, a high-order capillary isoperimetric ratio (1.6) evolves monotonically along this flow, which yields a class of the Alexandrov-Fenchel inequalities.
description: 16 pages
The comparative risk of acute kidney injury of vancomycin relative to other common antibiotics
Creators: name: Pate, V.
name: Gaggl, M.
name: Stürmer, T.
name: Layton, J.B.
name: Kshirsagar, A.V.
Publisher: name: Nature Research
Year: 2020

description: The glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin is a mainstay in the treatment of Gram-positive infection. While its association with acute kidney injury (AKI) has waxed and waned, recent data suggest nephrotoxicity, even as mono-therapy. Our study aimed to evaluate the 2-week risk of AKI after at least 3 days of intravenous vancomycin mono-therapy initiated within 5 days of hospitalization compared to other intravenous antibiotics used for similar indications. We used a new user-active comparator study design and identified patients with a first hospitalization during which they received vancomycin or comparator, from commercial claims based in the United States. We estimated incidence rates, hazard ratios using adjusted cox-regression models, and standardized mortality/morbidity ratio weighted cox-regression models. In the 32,997 patients vancomycin was used in 17% of patients and 129 cases of AKI were observed. Overall incidence of AKI was 9.3 (95% CI 0.78–1.22) per 100 person-years. The adjusted hazard ratio for vancomycin versus all other comparators was 0.74 (95% CI 0.45–1.21). Separate models for respective comparators resulted in hazard ratios below the null, except for vancomycin vs. cefazolin. Intravenous vancomycin mono-therapy does not increase the risk of AKI compared to other intravenous antibiotics used for similar indication in this cohort of hospitalized patients.
Gravitational Mass in Asymptotically de Sitter Space-Times with Compactified Dimensions
Creators: name: Shiromizu, Tetsuya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We define gravitational mass in asymptotically de Sitter space-times with compactified dimension. It was shown that the mass can be negative for space-time with matter spreading beyond the cosmological horizon scale or large outward `momentum' in four dimension. We give simple examples with negative energy in higher dimensions even if the matter is not beyond horizon or system does not have large `momentum'. They do not have the lower bound on the mass. We also give a positive energy argument in higher dimensions and realise that elementary fermion cannot exist in our examples.
description: 7 pages, the version to be published in Phys. Rev. D
Soliton excitations as emitted clusters on nuclear surfaces
Creators: name: Gherghescu, R. A.
name: Ludu, A.
name: Draayer, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work reports on calculations of the deformation energy of a nucleus plus an emitted cluster as a soliton moving on its surface. The potential barrier against the emission of a soliton is calculated within the macroscopic-microscopic method. The outer turning point of the barrier determines limitations on the geometrical and kinematical parameters for the formation of a surface soliton. For large asymmetry, the two-center shell model is used to assign a structure to the soliton. Calculations for $^{248}$N\lowercase{o} with the emission of a $^{40}$C\lowercase{a} soliton are reported; likewise for $^{224}$T\lowercase{h} with the emission of $^{16}$O. Except for necked shapes at the very first stages of soliton formation, the greatest portion of the deformation path displays rather compact configurations with large neck radii. These shape sequences correspond to allowable soliton velocities. Close to and just beyond the touching point configuration, where the shape becomes concave, the width and the velocity of the soliton approach zero. The calculations suggest that the emission of a $^{40}$C\lowercase{a} structure is quite probable due to a low potential barrier, whereas the emission of an $^{16}$O type soliton is rather unlikely due to the higher penetration barrier.
description: 19 pages RevTex, 6 eps figures. Resubmitted to Phys. Rev. C
MOESM2 of Impacts of cellulase deactivation at the moving air–liquid interface on cellulose conversions at low enzyme loadings
Creators: name: Samarthya Bhagia
name: Wyman, Charles
name: Kumar, Rajeev
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 2. Table for cellulose conversion data.