cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Emergent time scales of epistasis in protein evolution
Creators: name: Di Bari, Leonardo
name: Bisardi, Matteo
name: Cotogno, Sabrina
name: Weigt, Martin
name: Zamponi, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a data-driven epistatic model of protein evolution, capable of generating evolutionary trajectories spanning very different time scales reaching from individual mutations to diverged homologs. Our in silico evolution encompasses random nucleotide mutations, insertions and deletions, and models selection using a fitness landscape, which is inferred via a generative probabilistic model for protein families. We show that the proposed framework accurately reproduces the sequence statistics of both short-time (experimental) and long-time (natural) protein evolution, suggesting applicability also to relatively data-poor intermediate evolutionary time scales, which are currently inaccessible to evolution experiments. Our model uncovers a highly collective nature of epistasis, gradually changing the fitness effect of mutations in a diverging sequence context, rather than acting via strong interactions between individual mutations. This collective nature triggers the emergence of a long evolutionary time scale, separating fast mutational processes inside a given sequence context, from the slow evolution of the context itself. The model quantitatively reproduces epistatic phenomena such as contingency and entrenchment, as well as the loss of predictability in protein evolution observed in deep mutational scanning experiments of distant homologs. It thereby deepens our understanding of the interplay between mutation and selection in shaping protein diversity and novel functions, allows one to statistically forecast evolution, and challenges the prevailing independent-site models of protein evolution, which are unable to capture the fundamental importance of epistasis.
description: 31 pages, 16 figures - final version
title: The effect of the coming of the railway on the towns and villages of East Kent, 1841-1919
Creators: name: Andrews, F. W. G.
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2021

description: Railways revolutionized public transport: within a space of twenty years journeys which had taken days could be accomplished in almost as few hours. Railways were once the cutting edge of new technology, in both mechanical and civil engineering, but the difference which they actually made to the towns and villages they served through which they passed has rarely been examined. In part, this is a consequence of the lamentable lack of railway company statistics on just how many passengers were, and just what, and how much, freight was carried from where to where, but changes in the way of life are qualitative rather than quantitative, and so much less susceptible of clear identification. An alternative source of information is the trade directories, from which it is possible to calculate the changing social and commercial structure of towns and villages, both on and off the railway, and to relate these changes to the railway's arrival. Nineteenth century East Kent was very well supplied with railways as a result of competition between the two rival companies, the South Eastern and the London, Chatham and Dover Railways. They served the Channel ports and the Thanet resorts as a matter of policy, but much of the rest of the area was only served by default, and this thesis is an analysis, based in the main on directory evidence, of the various changes. Five groups of towns are discussed, the Channel ports and main railway centres; the holiday towns; Canterbury; the minor coastal towns; and the villages on the railway, with a control group of villages which (up to 1914) had no railway service. This analysis suggests that, in quantitative terms, the railway had much less effect on an area with virtually no manufacturing industry or raw materials than might have been expected.
Relativistic stars in f(R) gravity
Creators: name: Babichev, E.
name: Langlois, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the strong gravity regime in viable models of so-called f(R) gravity that account for the observed cosmic acceleration. In contrast with recent works suggesting that very relativistic stars might not exist in these models, we find numerical solutions corresponding to static star configurations with a strong gravitational field. The choice of the equation of state for the star is crucial for the existence of solutions. Indeed, if the pressure exceeds one third of the energy density in a large part of the star, static configurations do not exist. In our analysis, we use a polytropic equation of state, which is not plagued with this problem and, moreover, provides a better approximation for a realistic neutron star.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, revtex; v.3: a few corrections with respect to the published version
Testing the quasicentroid molecular dynamics method on gas-phase ammonia
Creators: name: Haggard, Christopher
name: Sadhasivam, Vijay Ganesh
name: Trenins, George
name: Althorpe, Stuart C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quasicentroid molecular dynamics (QCMD) is a path-integral method for approximating nuclear quantum effects in dynamics simulations, which has given promising results for gas- and condensed-phase water. Here, by simulating the infrared spectrum of gas-phase ammonia, we test the feasibility of extending QCMD beyond water. Overall, QCMD works as well for ammonia as for water, reducing or eliminating blue shifts from the classical spectrum without introducing the artificial red-shifts or broadening associated with other imaginary-time path-integral methods. However, QCMD gives only a modest improvement over the classical spectrum for the position of the symmetric bend mode, which is highly anharmonic (since it correlates with the inversion pathway). We expect QCMD to have similar problems with large-amplitude degrees of freedom in other molecules, but otherwise to work as well as for water.
Dark versus blocking states in electronic transport: a Lee-Yang zero analysis of full counting statistics
Creators: name: Zöllner, Johann
name: Stegmann, Philipp
name: König, Jürgen
name: Kleinherbers, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electronic transport through nanostructures can be suppressed by coherent population trapping, in which quantum coherence leads to a dark state that decouples from the drain electrode. Finite transport, then, relies on decoherence of the dark state. An alternative scenario for reduced transport is weak coupling of a state, referred to as a blocking state, to the drain. This raises the question of whether and how these two scenarios can be distinguished in the transport features. For the example of electron transport through a carbon nanotube, we identify regimes, in which this distinction is possible by analyzing the full counting statistics in terms of Lee-Yang zeros and factorial cumulants.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures
title: Neoplasias malignas de vesícula y vías biliares: un diagnóstico no tan infrecuente en urgencias. Diagnóstico diferencial, complicaciones y diagnóstico por imagen.
Creators: name: Marin Canete, Antonio
Publisher: name: Sociedad Española de Radiología Médica
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Pathology
subject: Neoplasia
subject: Ultrasound
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Biliary Tract / Gallbladder
subject: Oncology
subject: Abdomen

description: Objetivo docente
Revisión del tema
Conclusiones
Bibliografía
description: Objetivo docente:
Reconocer la patología vesicular y de vías biliares en el paciente de urgencias,
incluyendo tanto los signos comunes como los infrecuentes de la enfermedad neoformativa,
así como las complicaciones potenciales que pueden derivar de...
Speech errors and segment duration : an investigation of word-initial/sp, st, sk/-clusters under conditions of rapid repetition
Creators: name: Pyplacz, Verna
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Speech errors, or "slips of the tongue", have been studied in attempts to understand the speech production process, to investigate phonological units and rules, and to provide insights into historical linguistic change. The present study examines speech errors and their relation to segment durations in word-initial /sp, st, sk/-clusters produced under rapid repetition conditions by six adult native speakers of English. Fifty percent of the errors produced could be classified as repetition errors; these were examined for duration in the initial clusters, both error and corrected productions. General results following from analysis of the data were: (1) Error clusters and their component segments were consistently longer in duration than their subsequent and immediate corrections. (2) The clusters /sp/ and /sk/ are longer than /st/, which may be attributable to the faster moving, more highly innervated tongue tip musculature involved in the production of Is/ and It/, compared with the heterorganic clusters. (3) The stop consonant in a given cluster appears to determine the overall cluster duration, since the duration of /s/ remains fairly constant irrespective of context. In light of the results, it was speculated that the excessive duration of the cluster (or of its component parts) violated a timing constraint on the production of an utterance, necessitating recalibration and correction of the error. It was further inferred that feedback must be present in order for the system to recognize the duration error, to compare it with planned output, and finally to execute a correction. Two types of feedback were considered necessary for the adequate functioning of a speech production model, which would also allow for speech perception: (a) continuous auditory feedback, which is supplemented by (b) intermittent proprioceptive feedback, both of which are used in perceiving input ,:and manipulating output. Such a system provides a plausible account of speech error production as described in this study. The hypothesized variable servomonitor system advocated here (and in other studies) in general provides an efficient means for producing, monitoring and correcting speech production.
title: Evaluación radiológica de la artritis.
Creators: name: CERVERA MIGUEL, JUAN IGNACIO
Publisher: name: Sociedad Española de Radiología Médica
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal system
subject: Conventional radiography

description: Objetivo docente
Revisión del tema
Conclusiones
Bibliografía
description: Objetivo docente:
- Conocer los hallazgos radiológicos claves de las artropatías más frecuentes,
con el uso de la radiología convencional como primer estudio de imagen. - Incluimos la artritis reumatoide,
las espondiloartropatías seronegativas y la artritis...
L'Insegnamento della Lingua Portoghese nelle Università Italiane
Teaching Portuguese Language in Italian Univerties
Creators: name: Assuncao Cecilio, Livia <1981>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2013
Subjects: L-LIN/09 Lingua e traduzione - Lingue portoghese e brasiliana

description: Il presente lavoro si prefigge di descrivere e analizzare la realtà dell’insegnamento della lingua portoghese nelle università italiane, con particolare attenzione alla presentazione della varietà brasiliana, nel quadro dell’educazione linguistico-culturale in senso lato. Per poter cogliere l’insieme interrelato di fattori che compongono il processo di insegnamento/apprendimento in questa specifica situazione, la ricerca si sviluppa in tre ambiti: i) riflessione sulle varietà della lingua portoghese, basata sugli studi attuali in ambito linguistico e sociolinguistico relativi all’area lusofona, mettendo a fuoco il portoghese brasiliano; ii) ricognizione dell’attuale stato dell’insegnamento del portoghese all’interno degli atenei italiani, attuata tramite una ricerca quantitativa basata su un questionario online; iii) indagine qualitativa sulle pratiche didattiche, in presenza e online, basate rispettivamente sull’analisi dei materiali didattici in uso negli atenei e sull’analisi culturale e linguistica delle interazioni fra studenti in teletandem. L’analisi dei dati ha permesso di tracciare un quadro rappresentativo dell’insegnamento del portoghese nel contesto accademico nonché di delineare percorsi formativi integrativi alle lezioni tradizionali, che mettano in evidenza lo stretto legame fra lingua e cultura, e quindi per meglio contestualizzare l’apprendimento della lingua e della cultura brasiliana in Italia.
description: This thesis describes and analyses the teaching of Portuguese in Italian universities, paying particular attention to the Brazilian variety. In order to capture the inter-related set of factors composing the teaching/learning process in these particular settings, our research takes three main angles: i) a reflection on the geographical varieties of Portuguese, in particular Brazilian, on the basis of contemporary linguistic and sociolinguistic studies in this area; ii) a survey of the current state of teaching of Portuguese in Italian universities, with quantitative analysis of the results of an online questionnaire; iii) a qualitative account of teaching practices, both face-to-face and online, based respectively on the linguistic and cultural analysis of teaching materials used in universities, and on that of interactions between students working in teletandem. Our work has allowed us to trace a representative picture of the teaching of Portuguese in academia, and to show how online activities can complement traditional teaching, emphasising the links between language and culture and thereby contextualising the learning of the language and culture of Brazil.
Persistent storage of non-event data in the CMS databases
Creators: name: De Gruttola, M.
name: Di Guida, S.
name: Futyan, D.
name: Glege, F.
name: Govi, G.
name: Innocente, V.
name: Paolucci, P.
name: Picca, P.
name: Pierro, A.
name: Schlatter, D.
name: Xie, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the CMS experiment, the non event data needed to set up the detector, or being produced by it, and needed to calibrate the physical responses of the detector itself are stored in ORACLE databases. The large amount of data to be stored, the number of clients involved and the performance requirements make the database system an essential service for the experiment to run. This note describes the CMS condition database architecture, the data-flow and PopCon, the tool built in order to populate the offline databases. Finally, the first experience obtained during the 2008 and 2009 cosmic data taking are presented.
description: 20 pages, submitted to JINST
Long term aging of Selenide glasses: Evidence of sub-Tg endotherms and pre-Tg exotherms
Creators: name: Chen, Ping
name: Boolchand, P.
name: Georgiev, D. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Long term aging is studied on several families of chalcogenide glasses including the Ge-Se, As-Se, Ge-P-Se and Ge-As-Se systems. Special attention is given to the As-Se binary, a system that displays a rich variety of aging behavior intimately tied to sample synthesis conditions and the ambient environment in which samples are aged. Calorimetric (Modulated DSC) and Raman scattering experiments are undertaken. Our results show all samples display a sub-Tg endotherm below Tg in glassy networks possessing a mean coordination number r in the 2.25 < r < 2.45 range. Two sets of AsxSe1-x samples aged for 8 years were compared, set A consisted of slow cooled samples aged in the dark, and set B consisted of melt quenched samples aged at laboratory environment. Samples of set B in the As concentration range, 35% < x < 60%, display a pre-Tg exotherm, but the feature is not observed in samples of set A. The aging behavior of set A presumably represents intrinsic aging in these glasses, while that of set B is extrinsic due to presence of light. The reversibility window persists in both sets of samples but is less well defined in set B. These findings contrast with a recent study by Golovchak et al., which finds the onset of the reversibility window moved up to the stoichiometric composition (x = 40%). Here we show that the upshifted window is better understood as resulting due to demixing of As4Se4 and As4Se3 molecules from the backbone, i.e., Nanoscale phase separation (NSPS). We attribute sub-Tg endotherms to compaction of the flexible part of networks upon long term aging, while the pre-Tg exotherm to NSPS. Finally, the narrowing and sharpening of the reversibility window upon aging is interpreted as the slow 'self-organizing' stress relaxation of the phases just outside the Intermediate phase.
description: In press - J. of Physics: Condensed Matter
A Uniformly Selected, Southern-Sky 6dF, Optical AGN Catalog
Creators: name: Chen, Yan-Ping
name: Zaw, Ingyin
name: Farrar, Glennys R
name: Elgamal, Sana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have constructed a catalog of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with $z < 0.13$, based on optical spectroscopy, from the parent sample of galaxies in the 6dF galaxy survey (Final Release of 6dFGS), a census of the Southern hemisphere. This work is an extension of our all sky AGN catalog \citet [ZCF, here after]{ZCF19}. The ZCF is based on 43,533 galaxies with $\rm K_s \leq$ 11.75 ($z \leq 0.09$) in the 2MASS Redshift Survey (2MRS). The parent catalog of this work, the 6dF catalog, consists of 136,304 publicly available digital spectra for 125,071 galaxies with $\rm Dec \leq 0^\circ$ and $\rm K_s \leq 12.65$ (median $z = 0.053$). Our AGN catalog consists of 3109 broad line AGNs and 12,156 narrow line AGNs which satisfy the \citet{Kauffmann03} criteria, of which 3865 also satisfy the \citet{Kewley01} criteria. We also provide emission line widths, fluxes, flux errors, and signal-to-noise ratios of all the galaxies in our spectroscopic sample, allowing users to customize the selection criteria. In addition, we provide AGN likelihood for the rest of galaxies based on the availability and quality of their spectra. These likelihood values can be used for rigorous statistical analyses.
description: 19 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in ApJS. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1902.03799
Doubly heavy baryons in QCD sum rules
Creators: name: Zhang, Jian-Rong
name: Huang, Ming-Qiu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mass spectra of doubly heavy baryons are systematically calculated in the framework of QCD sum rules. With a tentative heavy-diquark--light-quark configuration, the interpolating currents representing the doubly heavy baryons are proposed. Contributions of the operators up to dimension six are included in operator product expansion. The numerical results are compatible with other theoretical predictions, which may support the $(QQ)-(q)$ structure of doubly heavy baryons.
description: RevTeX 4, 11 pages with 14 eps figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
Prediction of large linear-in-k spin splitting for holes in the 2D GaAs/AlAs system
Creators: name: Luo, Jun-Wei
name: Chantis, Athanasios N.
name: van Schilfgaarde, Mark
name: Bester, Gabriel
name: Zunger, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spin-orbit interaction generally leads to spin splitting (SS) of electron and hole energy states in solids, a splitting that is characterized by a scaling with the wavevector $\bf k$. Whereas for {\it 3D bulk zincblende} solids the electron (heavy hole) SS exhibits a cubic (linear) scaling with $k$, in {\it 2D quantum-wells} the electron (heavy hole) SS is currently believed to have a mostly linear (cubic) scaling. Such expectations are based on using a small 3D envelope function basis set to describe 2D physics. By treating instead the 2D system explicitly in a multi-band many-body approach we discover a large linear scaling of hole states in 2D. This scaling emerges from hole bands coupling that would be unsuspected by the standard model that judges coupling by energy proximity. This discovery of a linear Dresselhaus k-scaling for holes in 2D implies a different understanding of hole-physics in low-dimensions.
description: 5 figures and 1 Table
Topological photonic Su-Schrieffer-Heeger-type coupler
Creators: name: Efremidis, Nikolaos K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the coupling process between the surface modes of a Su-Schrieffer-Heeger lattice both in the linear and the nonlinear regimes. We first develop a coupled-mode theory formalism for the modes of a finite lattice with zero boundary conditions. Our analysis relies on the closed-form expressions for the bulk and the surface eigenmodes of the system. The coupled-mode theory formalism is based on a decomposition of the supermodes into sublattice modes. In the case of the two zero sublattice surface modes, this leads to periodic oscillations between them without the involvement of the bulk modes. We analytically show that launching light only on the waveguide that is located at either edge of the array, can be very effective in successfully exciting the respective surface mode. We extend our analysis, in the case of Kerr nonlinearity, and develop a simplified model that accounts only for the surface modes. By direct numerical simulations, we find that this model can very accurately capture the dynamics of the surface modes when the nonlinearity is small or moderate. On the other hand, in the case of strong nonlinearity, wave mixing leads to the quasi-periodic excitation of the bulk modes, or even to a chaotic behavior where all the modes of the systems are excited, and no prominent signature of the surface modes can be detected.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Molecular Dynamics Simulation Studies of Graphene Oxide Supercapacitors
Creators: name: Deyoung, Andrew
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 30799 Theoretical and Computational Chemistry not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs), commonly known as supercapacitors, hold tremendous promise as energy storage systems. Graphene has emerged as an effective electrode material, but given the challenge of obtaining pristine graphene sheets, especially in the persistence of oxidative impurities, graphene may be more accurately described as graphene oxide (GO) or reduced grapheneoxide (rGO). GO and rGO have been successfully used as electrodes in supercapacitors containing a variety of electrolytes, including ionic liquids (ILs), but there hasbeen a lack of clarity on how oxidation impurities influence device capacitance. To address this, and to gain molecular-level insight into electrode–electrolyte interactions, in this thesis we report molecular dynamics (MD) simulations ofparallel plate GO supercapacitors containing a prototypical IL, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMI+BF–4 ). GO supercapacitors with three types of electrodes are simulated. Hydroxylbased GO electrodes in both pure IL and an organic electrolyte (OE) (i.e., a solution of EMI+BF–4 in acetonitrile) are simulated. The full range of electrode oxidation, from 0% (pristine graphene) to 100% (fully oxidized GO), is considered. Capacitance tends to decrease with increasing electrode oxidation in both electrolytes.This trend is attributed to the decreasing reorganization ability of ions and a widening gap in the double layer structures as the density of hydroxyl groups on the electrode surface increases. Epoxide-based GO electrodes in pure IL are also simulated, with the full oxidation range considered. The capacitance of epoxide-based GO is larger than thatof hydroxyl-based GO at a given oxidation level. This is attributed to the epoxide groups’ structure and charge distribution, and to the enhanced reorganization ability of ions resulting from a lack of significant specific electrolyte–ion interactions. Finally, GO supercapacitors with EMI+-based poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) in pure IL are simulated. Capacitance values of such PIL systems are lower than the corresponding systems containing only pure IL. This is attributed to the PIL systems’ lower ion density and diminished reorganization ability. This work provides a systematic and comparative baseline analysis of GO supercapacitors and provides insight into the specific interactions that influence observable quantities such as capacitance. This, in turn, lays the groundwork forreasoning about tuning supercapacitor properties via control of oxidation group configurations.
First experience in operating the population of the condition databases for the CMS experiment
Creators: name: De Gruttola, M.
name: Di Guida, S.
name: Futyan, D.
name: Glege, F.
name: Govi, G.
name: Innocente, V.
name: Paolucci, P.
name: Pierro, A.
name: Schlatter, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Reliable population of the condition databases is critical for the correct operation of the online selection as well as of the offline reconstruction and analysis of data. We will describe here the system put in place in the CMS experiment to populate the database and make condition data promptly available both online for the high-level trigger and offline for reconstruction. The system, designed for high flexibility to cope with very different data sources, uses POOL-ORA technology in order to store data in an object format that best matches the object oriented paradigm for \texttt{C++} programming language used in the CMS offline software. In order to ensure consistency among the various subdetectors, a dedicated package, PopCon (Populator of Condition Objects), is used to store data online. The data are then automatically streamed to the offline database hence immediately accessible offline worldwide. This mechanism was intensively used during 2008 in the test-runs with cosmic rays. The experience of this first months of operation will be discussed in detail.
description: 15 pages, submitter to JOP, CHEP09
Securities Lending Haircuts and Indemnification Pricing
Creators: name: Lou, Wujiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Finance (q-fin.MF)
subject: Theoretical Economics (econ.TH)
subject: Pricing of Securities (q-fin.PR)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Securities borrowing and lending are critical to proper functioning of securities markets. To alleviate securities owners' exposure to borrower default risk, overcollateralization and indemnification are provided by the borrower and the lending agent respectively. Haircuts as the level of overcollateralization and the cost of indemnification are naturally interrelated: the higher haircut is, the lower cost shall become. This article presents a method of quantifying their relationship. Borrower dependent haircuts satisfying the lender's credit risk appetite are computed for US Treasuries and main equities by applying a repo haircut model to bilateral securities lending transactions. Indemnification is designed to fulfill a triple-A risk appetite when the transaction haircut fails to deliver. The cost of indemnification consists of a risk charge, a capital charge, and a funding charge, each corresponding to the expected loss, the economic capital, and the redundant fund needed to arrive at the triple-A haircut.
description: 17 pages, 2 figures, 4 tables, to appear in Risk
THE ROLE OF SOCIAL SUPPORT IN MODERATING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NEUROTICISM AND INTERNALIZING SYMPTOMS IN U.S. COLLEGE STUDENTS
Creators: name: Gamez, Marlon
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: neuroticism
emotional support
instrumental support
depression
anxiety
college students

description: Prior research has established a positive relationship between neuroticism and internalizing symptoms (e.g., depression and anxiety) and a negative relationship between social support (e.g., emotional and instrumental support) and internalizing symptoms. There has also been some research showing that social support moderates and weakens the relationship between neuroticism and internalizing symptoms. However, as of yet, there has not been any research on these relationships in college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is particularly important, because the COVID-19 pandemic led to reduction in the amount of face-to-face social support obtained and increased rates of depression and anxiety among college students. Using data from an online survey of U.S. college students (N = 162) conducted during the 2020-2021 academic year, the present study examined whether: (a) neuroticism predicted internalizing symptoms, (b) social support, particularly emotional and instrumental support, negatively predicted internalizing symptoms, and (c) social support significantly and negatively moderated the relationship between neuroticism and internalizing symptoms. Results indicated that neuroticism significantly and positively predicted internalizing symptoms measured four weeks later. In addition, emotional support significantly and negatively predicted depression two weeks later but not anxiety, whereas instrumental support did not predict either type of internalizing symptoms. Furthermore, social support did not significantly moderate the relationship between neuroticism and internalizing symptoms. These findings stress the mental health struggles of U.S. college students during the COVID-19 pandemic and indicate that research and clinical practices involving neuroticism, emotional support, and face-to-face support may help offset the increase in depression and anxiety.
title: Planning for transitions? A case study of Frome, Somerset (UK)
Creators: name: Burnett, Amy
Publisher: name: University of Reading
Year: 2019

description: This thesis explores how ‘formalised’ policies, practices, and spheres of governance relate to ‘bottom-up’ activities in pursuit of new models of socio-political development in and around the planning process. In particular, whether rights bestowed to local authorities under the Localism Act (2011) offer a mechanism to lock-in relocalised (ultra-local, sustainable) or subversive agendas within mainstream development processes. The case study of the market town of Frome (Somerset, UK) has pushed an innovative sustainable placemaking agenda since a group of town councillors who reject party politics, the Independents for Frome (IfF), were elected in 2011. Using Qualitative Content Analysis (QCA), this study explores the conditions for the influence of relocalised actors and entities on Frome’s placemaking and politics, whether ‘niche’ protagonists possess and retain this identity when occupying formal spaces of power, and the role of the ‘regime’ in cultivating and contesting or development alternatives and broader shifts in environmental, social and political arrangements. The findings reveal autonomy and independence as crucial frames used to justify an orchestration of transition governance, with both emergent and strategic foundations. Pre-existing ties and reciprocity helped to express and advance relocalised place-based artefacts using the structures of the state to weave in institutionalised forms of alternative governance to support local placemaking initiatives. Multiple praxes of the niche and planning and party-political ‘regimes’ were invoked, rendering the terms more fluid than is typically understood within intersecting regimes of transition. The findings highlight a need for greater attention to the cultural qualities of placemaking and scale as a basis for social ties that support inclusive and emergent governance. Cycles of transition and the intergenerational phases between old and new were key drivers in transition processes for individuals and organisations. The notion of placemaking transitions is offered to explore how the politics of place influences sustainability transition arenas.
Dark Matter through the Axion Portal
Creators: name: Nomura, Yasunori
name: Thaler, Jesse
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the galactic positron excess seen by PAMELA and ATIC/PPB-BETS, we propose that dark matter is a TeV-scale particle that annihilates into a pseudoscalar "axion." The positron excess and the absence of an anti-proton or gamma ray excess constrain the axion mass and branching ratios. In the simplest realization, the axion is associated with a Peccei-Quinn symmetry, in which case it has a mass around 360-800 MeV and decays into muons. We present a simple and predictive supersymmetric model implementing this scenario, where both the Higgsino and dark matter obtain masses from the same source of TeV-scale spontaneous symmetry breaking.
description: 5 pages; reference added
title: Actividades en un entorno virtual tridimensional complementarias a la formación reglada de radiología en el grado en medicina.
Creators: name: Sendra Portero, Francisco
Publisher: name: Sociedad Española de Radiología Médica
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: eLearning
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Education

description: Objetivos
Material y método
Resultados
Conclusiones
Bibliografía
description: Objetivos:
Evaluar el impacto educativo de actividades complementarias a la formación reglada de radiología en el grado en medicina en un entorno virtual tridimensional. Los entornos virtuales tridimensionales,
o entornos inmersivos se reproducen en un...
Joint inference and input optimization in equilibrium networks
Creators: name: Gurumurthy, Swaminathan
name: Bai, Shaojie
name: Manchester, Zachary
name: Kolter, J. Zico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many tasks in deep learning involve optimizing over the \emph{inputs} to a network to minimize or maximize some objective; examples include optimization over latent spaces in a generative model to match a target image, or adversarially perturbing an input to worsen classifier performance. Performing such optimization, however, is traditionally quite costly, as it involves a complete forward and backward pass through the network for each gradient step. In a separate line of work, a recent thread of research has developed the deep equilibrium (DEQ) model, a class of models that foregoes traditional network depth and instead computes the output of a network by finding the fixed point of a single nonlinear layer. In this paper, we show that there is a natural synergy between these two settings. Although, naively using DEQs for these optimization problems is expensive (owing to the time needed to compute a fixed point for each gradient step), we can leverage the fact that gradient-based optimization can \emph{itself} be cast as a fixed point iteration to substantially improve the overall speed. That is, we \emph{simultaneously} both solve for the DEQ fixed point \emph{and} optimize over network inputs, all within a single ``augmented'' DEQ model that jointly encodes both the original network and the optimization process. Indeed, the procedure is fast enough that it allows us to efficiently \emph{train} DEQ models for tasks traditionally relying on an ``inner'' optimization loop. We demonstrate this strategy on various tasks such as training generative models while optimizing over latent codes, training models for inverse problems like denoising and inpainting, adversarial training and gradient based meta-learning.
description: Neurips 2021
D2.3: Final version of the Compilation of the Roadmaps and Grounding Actions for the Implementers
Creators: name: Salnikova, Asya
name: Eugenia Vilarchao
name: Adam Brandstetter-Kunc
name: Ildiko Ipolyi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: institutional changes
citizen science

description: The current document, titled “Final version of the Compilation of the Roadmaps and Grounding Actions for the Implementers”, was developed within the framework of the TIME4CS project which is funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No 101006201. 

The purpose of this Deliverable is to present the final version of the TIME4CS Roadmaps to achieve sustainable Institutional Changes in Citizen Science (CS), as developed and updated by the project’s four Implementers (Tyndall National Institute, Kaunas University of Technology, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Vita-Salute San-Raffaele University), for the project period (2021-2023) and beyond (2024-2028).

This document links the final version of the Roadmaps developed on the basis of sustainability thinking for the medium and long-term vision, to concrete practical steps to be taken to ensure the continuation of the Institutional Change process in the post-project period.

Overall, twelve new Grounding Actions (GAs) have been planned by the Implementers for the post-project period to follow-up on the outcomes and explore new ways to continue institutional adoption of CS beyond the project lifetime. This sustainability reflection also results in a set of conclusions and recommendations for other CS practitioners who would be willing to learn from TIME4CS experiences.

Finally, this document also describes the activities organised by TIME4CS to assist the Implementers during the final year of the project in both the implementation of the planned GAs and the development of sustainability plans.
Chandra's Close Encounter with the Disintegrating Comets 73P/2006 (Schwassmann--Wachmann--3) Fragment B and C/1999 S4 (LINEAR)
Creators: name: Wolk, Scott J.
name: Lisse, C. M.
name: Bodewits, D.
name: Christian, D. J.
name: Dennerl, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On May 23, 2006 we used the ACIS-S instrument on the Chandra X-ray Observatory (CXO) to study the X-ray emission from the B fragment of comet 73P/2006 (Schwassmann-Wachmann 3) (73P/B). We obtained a total of 20 ks of CXO observation time of Fragment B, and also investigated contemporaneous ACE and SOHO solar wind physical data. The CXO data allow us to spatially resolve the detailed structure of the interaction zone between the solar wind and the fragment's coma at a resolution of ~ 1,000 km, and to observe the X-ray emission due to multiple comet--like bodies. We detect a change in the spectral signature with the ratio of the CV/OVII line increasing with increasing collisional opacity as predicted by Bodewits \e (2007). The line fluxes arise from a combination of solar wind speed, the species that populate the wind and the gas density of the comet. We are able to understand some of the observed X-ray morphology in terms of non-gravitational forces that act upon an actively outgassing comet's debris field. We have used the results of the Chandra observations on the highly fragmented 73P/B debris field to re-analyze and interpret the mysterious emission seen from comet C/1999 S4 (LINEAR) on August 1st, 2000, after the comet had completely disrupted. We find the physical situations to be similar in both cases, with extended X-ray emission due to multiple, small outgassing bodies in the field of view. Nevertheless, the two comets interacted with completely different solar winds, resulting in distinctly different spectra.
description: accepted by ApJ, 44 Pages, including 4 tables and 14 figures
Statistical analysis of survival data : an application to coronary bypass surgery
Creators: name: Reid, Nancy
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The survival data for two hundred patients who underwent coronary bypass surgery are subjected to quantitative analysis. The questions of interest are: (i) the long-term survival rates of these patients, (ii) the prognostic factors influencing survival, and (iii) the importance of types of grafting in long-term survival. Statistical methods used to ascertain the important prognostic variables include contingency table analysis and discriminant analysis. It is found that left ventricular function, age, risk classification, and extent of occlusion of the diseased artery are the most influential variables. The relationship of these variables to survival is analysed in detail using the proportional hazards model discussed by Cox (1972).
D2.1: Compilation of roadmaps and Grounding Actions for the Implementers - First Version
Creators: name: Vilarchao, Eugenia
name: Fleck, Marie
name: Ipolyi, Ildiko
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: This document presents the first version of the roadmap from each Implementer in support of Institutional Change for Citizen Science and public engagement. The roadmaps provide a detailed and tailored action plan for each Implementer, defining their short-term goals (the Grounding Actions to be carried out during the project lifetime) as well as providing the basis for medium- to long-term progress. The roadmaps are intended to be living documents and are expected to be updated on need basis along the lifetime of the project. Formal revisions of the initial roadmaps are scheduled for December 2022 and December 2023. The document comprises seven chapters, including the Introduction. Chapter Two (Background) provides a brief theoretical background of Citizen Science and public engagement in science, as well as Institutional Change in this context. Chapter Three (The Roadmap Development Process) describes the activities undertaken to support the creation of the roadmaps and the design of the Grounding Actions, as well as how these relate to the overall project. Chapters Four to Seven set out the roadmaps and planned Grounding Actions for each of the four Implementers. This document was drafted by the European Science Foundation. The structure is based on the Deliverable 3.2 ‘Definition of Grounding Actions and roadmaps towards RRI’ developed by Luciano d’Andrea and Giovanna Declich (Knowledge and Innovation SLRs) for the EC-funded GRACE project [GA 824521].
title: Visión tridimensional del hipocampo, embebido en secciones ortogonales cerebrales
Creators: name: Sanchez Martin, Ana
Publisher: name: Sociedad Española de Radiología Médica
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Tissue characterisation
subject: Computer Applications-General
subject: Computer Applications-Detection, diagnosis
subject: Computer Applications-3D
subject: MR
subject: Experimental
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Anatomy

description: Objetivo docente
Revisión del tema
Conclusiones
Bibliografía
description: Objetivo docente:
Realizar una revisión de la anatomía del hipocampo mediante reconstrucciones tridimensionales,
correlacionándola con secciones ortogonales...
Design, construction, and operation of a 1-ton Water-based Liquid scintillator detector at Brookhaven National Laboratory
Creators: name: Xiang, X.
name: Yang, G.
name: Andrade, S.
name: Askins, M.
name: Asner, D. M.
name: Baldoni, A.
name: Cowen, D.
name: Diwan, M. V.
name: Gokhale, S.
name: Hans, S.
name: Jerome, J.
name: Lawley, G.
name: Linden, S.
name: Gann, G. D. Orebi
name: Reyes, C.
name: Rosero, R.
name: Seberg, N.
name: Smiley, M.
name: Speece-Moyer, N.
name: Walsh, B.
name: Wang, J. J.
name: Wilking, M.
name: Yeh, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Water-based liquid scintillators (WbLS) are attractive neutrino detector materials because they allow us to tune the ratio of the Cherenkov and scintillation signals. Using WbLS large-scale neutrino experiments can benefit from both directional reconstruction and enhanced low-energy efficiency. Furthermore, broadening the science capability of such materials by metal doping may be better suited for water based liquid scintillators. We recently constructed and commissioned a 1-ton WbLS detector with good photosensor coverage and a capable data acquisition system. We intend to use this flexible detector system as a testbed for WbLS R&D. In this paper we give an overview of the 1-ton system and provide some early analysis results.
Koszul incidence algebras, affine semigroups, and Stanley-Reisner ideals
Creators: name: Reiner, Victor
name: Stamate, Dumitru I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 06A11, 05E25, 16S37, 16S36

description: We prove a theorem unifying three results from combinatorial homological and commutative algebra, characterizing the Koszul property for incidence algebras of posets and affine semigroup rings, and characterizing linear resolutions of squarefree monomial ideals. The characterization in the graded setting is via the Cohen-Macaulay property of certain posets or simplicial complexes, and in the more general nongraded setting, via the sequential Cohen-Macaulay property.
description: 31 pages, 1 figure. Minor changes from previous version. To appear in Advances in Mathematics
Reflected Brownian Motion in a wedge: sum-of-exponential absorption probability at the vertex and differential properties
Creators: name: Flin, Jules
name: Franceschi, Sandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study a Brownian motion with drift in a wedge of angle $β$ which is obliquely reflected on each edge along angles $\varepsilon$ and $δ$. We assume that the classical parameter $α=\frac{δ+\varepsilon - π}β$ is greater than $1$ and we focus on transient cases where the process can either be absorbed at the vertex or escape to infinity. We show that $α\in\mathbb{N}^*$ is a necessary and sufficient condition for the absorption probability, seen as a function of the starting point, to be written as a finite sum of terms of exponential product form. In such cases, we give expressions for the absorption probability and its Laplace transform. When $α\in\mathbb{Z}+\fracπβ\mathbb{Z}$ we find explicit D-algebraic expression for the Laplace transform. Our results rely on Tutte's invariant method and on a recursive compensation approach.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures