cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
High-order harmonic generation from 2D periodic potentials in circularly and bichromatic circularly polarized laser fields
Creators: name: Jia, Guang-Rui
name: Wang, Xin-Qiang
name: Du, Tao-Yuan
name: Huang, Xiao-Huan
name: Bian, Xue-Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We studied the high-order harmonic generation (HHG) from 2D solid materials in circularly and bichromatic circularly polarized laser fields numerically by simulating the dynamics of single-active-electron processes in 2D periodic potentials. Contrary to the absence of HHG in the atomic case, circular HHGs below the bandgap with different helicities are produced from intraband transitions in solids with $C_4$ symmetry driven by circularly polarized lasers. Harmonics above the bandgap are elliptically polarized due to the interband transitions. High-order elliptically polarized harmonics can be generated efficiently by both co-rotating and counter-rotating bicircular mid-infrared lasers. The cutoff energy, ellipticity, phase, and intensity of the harmonics can be tuned by the control of the relative phase difference between the 1$ω$ and 2$ω$ fields in bicircularly polarized lasers, which can be utilized to image the structure of solids.
The potential of a biogenic, antimicrobial active and sustainable packaging solution to increase food safety and reduce food losses in Benin
Creators: name: Götz, Barbara
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Food packaging
subject: antimicrobial activity
subject: biogenic
subject: Food safety
subject: Food loss

description: Poster presented at 34th EFFoST International Conference 2020 - Bridging high-tech, food-tech and health: Consumer-oriented innovations; 10-12 November 2020 | Online event.

Abstract:

Food safety and food losses are of major concerns in Benin. The main reasons for these are damage and contamination in the early steps of the chain, as well as accelerated spoilage due to environmental and hygienic conditions. Active packaging solutions can prolong shelf life and increase food safety by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms. The implementation of locally produced, sustainable, biobased and biodegradable packaging solutions is of great interest, also on a global scale.

The aim of this study is the development of an active packaging solution comprising biobased materials with an active biogenic coating produced in Benin. The active compounds are extracts of local plants. Using the agar well diffusion method, the screening showed that all plant extracts (n=16, 70% v/v Ethanol, 0.1 g ml-1, 24 hrs., 25°C, 140rpm) are active against Staphylococcus aureus and other Gram-positive bacteria. Six extracts also showed activity against important Gram-negatives, like Pseudomonas putida and fluorescens. Gmelina arborea (GA) showed the lowest minimal bactericidal concentration of ≤ 10 µg/ml for Gram-positive bacteria, as well as for P. putida and P. fluorescens (20 and 50 µg/ml). Besides, the total antioxidative capacity of GA was very high with 529.64 mg Teq ml-1 extract and a total phenolic content of 1,876.11 mg GAE l-1 extract. The determination of the antimicrobial activity (JIS Z 2801:2010) showed a successful integration into the matrix of beeswax, shea butter, and coconut oil with log reductions of ≥ 2 for most tested bacteria. Different materials (leafs, paper, etc.) can serve as matrices for this coating.

The results of this research show that the developed packaging solution has potential to increase food safety and reduce food losses due to its proven antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, locally and sustainably produced packaging solutions have the potential to increase food safety on both, local and global scale.
A model to study complement involvement in experimental retinal degeneration
Creators: name: Mohlin, Camilla
name: Sandholm, Kerstin
name: Kvanta, Anders
name: Ekdahl, Kristina N.
name: Johansson, Kjell
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Background: The complement system (CS) plays a role in the pathogenesis of a number of ocular diseases, including diabetic retinopathy (DR), glaucoma, uveitis, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Given that many of the complex eye-related degenerative diseases have limited treatment opportunities, we aimed to mimic the in vivo retinal degenerative process by developing a relevant co-culture system. Method and materials: The adult porcine retina was co-cultured with the spontaneously arising human retinal pigment epithelial cells-19 (ARPE-19). Results: Inflammatory activity was found after culture and included migrating microglial cells, gliosis, cell death, and CS activation (demonstrated by a minor increase in the secreted anaphylotoxin C3a in co-culture). CS components, including C1q, C3, C4, soluble C5b-9, and the C5a receptor, were expressed in the retina and/or ARPE cells after culture. C1q, C3, and CS regulators such as C4 binding protein (C4BP), factor H (CFH), and factor I (CFI) were secreted after culture. Discussion: Thus, our research indicates that this co-culturing system may be useful for investigations of the CS and its involvement in experimental neurodegenerative diseases.
Complex network view of evolving manifolds
Creators: name: da Silva, Diamantino C.
name: Bianconi, Ginestra
name: da Costa, Rui A.
name: Dorogovtsev, Sergey N.
name: Mendes, José F. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study complex networks formed by triangulations and higher-dimensional simplicial complexes representing closed evolving manifolds. In particular, for triangulations, the set of possible transformations of these networks is restricted by the condition that at each step, all the faces must be triangles. Stochastic application of these operations leads to random networks with different architectures. We perform extensive numerical simulations and explore the geometries of growing and equilibrium complex networks generated by these transformations and their local structural properties. This characterization includes the Hausdorff and spectral dimensions of the resulting networks, their degree distributions, and various structural correlations. Our results reveal a rich zoo of architectures and geometries of these networks, some of which appear to be small worlds while others are finite-dimensional with Hausdorff dimension equal or higher than the original dimensionality of their simplices. The range of spectral dimensions of the evolving triangulations turns out to be from about 1.4 to infinity. Our models include simplicial complexes representing manifolds with evolving topologies, for example, an h-holed torus with a progressively growing number of holes. This evolving graph demonstrates features of a small-world network and has a particularly heavy-tailed degree distribution.
description: 14 pages, 15 figures
Expanding the conceptual and empirical boundaries of family communication patterns: The development and validation of an Expanded Conformity Orientation Scale
Creators: name: Horstman, Haley Kranstuber
name: Schrodt, Paul
name: Warner, Benjamin
name: Koerner, Ascan
name: Maliski, Ryan
name: Hays, Alexie
name: Colaner, Colleen Warner
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Family communication patterns theory (FCPT) explores how family members communicate to create a shared social reality via conversation and conformity orientations. Recently, scholars have noted that the current conceptualization and operationalization of conformity orientation is unnecessarily narrow in scope by representing conformity as controlling and repressive, rather than as cultivating homogenous attitudes, beliefs, and values among family members. To address these concerns, we tested the factor structure of the most common measure in FCPT research, the Revised Family Communication Patterns scale (Study One). Based on theoretical and methodological concerns that emerged from Study One, we then created and validated a new scale in Study Two – the Expanded Conformity Orientation Scale (ECOS). Findings from Study Two demonstrated concurrent and discriminant validity. Implications for the use of the ECOS in future studies are discussed.
High-energy cosmic ray nuclei from tidal disruption events: Origin, survival, and implications
Creators: name: Zhang, B. Theodore
name: Murase, Kohta
name: Oikonomou, Foteini
name: Li, Zhuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tidal disruption events (TDEs) by supermassive or intermediate mass black holes have been suggested as candidate sources of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) and high-energy neutrinos. Motivated by the recent measurements from the Pierre Auger Observatory, which indicates a metal-rich cosmic-ray composition at ultrahigh energies, we investigate the fate of UHECR nuclei loaded in TDE jets. First, we consider the production and survival of UHECR nuclei at internal shocks, external forward and reverse shocks, and nonrelativistic winds. Based on the observations of Swift J1644+57, we show that the UHECRs can survive for external reverse and forward shocks, and disk winds. On the other hand, UHECR nuclei are significantly disintegrated in internal shocks, although they could survive for low-luminosity TDE jets. Assuming that UHECR nuclei can survive, we consider implications of different composition models of TDEs. We find that the tidal disruption of main sequence stars or carbon-oxygen white dwarfs does not successfully reproduce UHECR observations, namely the observed composition or spectrum. The observed mean depth of the shower maximum and its deviation could be explained by oxygen-neon-magnesium white dwarfs, but they may be too rare to be the sources of UHECRs.
description: 16 pages, 15 figures, published in PRD
Observation of Spin Superfluidity in a Bose Gas Mixture
Creators: name: Fava, E.
name: Bienaimé, T.
name: Mordini, C.
name: Colzi, G.
name: Qu, C.
name: Stringari, S.
name: Lamporesi, G.
name: Ferrari, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spin dynamics of a harmonically trapped Bose-Einstein condensed binary mixture of sodium atoms is experimentally investigated at finite temperature. In the collisional regime the motion of the thermal component is shown to be damped because of spin drag, while the two condensates exhibit a counter flow oscillation without friction, thereby providing direct evidence for spin superfluidity. Results are also reported in the collisionless regime where the spin components of both the condensate and thermal part oscillate without damping, their relative motion being driven by a mean field effect. We also measure the static polarizability of the condensed and thermal parts and we find a large increase of the condensate polarizability with respect to the T=0 value, in agreement with the predictions of theory.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures + Suppl. Mat. (2 pages, 1 figure)
Assessing the role of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability at the QCD cosmological phase transition
Creators: name: Roque, V. R. C. Mourão
name: Lugones, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We performed numerical simulations with the PLUTO code in order to analyze the non-linear behavior of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in non-magnetized relativistic fluids. The relevance of the instability at the cosmological QCD phase transition was explored using an equation of state based on lattice QCD results with the addition of leptons. The results of the simulations were compared with the theoretical predictions of the linearized theory. For small Mach numbers up to $M_s \sim 0.1$ we find that both results are in good agreement. However, for higher Mach numbers, non-linear effects are significant. In particular, many initial conditions that look stable according to the linear analysis are shown to be unstable according to the full calculation. Since according to lattice calculations the cosmological QCD transition is a smooth crossover, violent fluid motions are not expected. Thus, in order to assess the role of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability at the QCD epoch, we focus on simulations with low shear velocity and use monochromatic as well as random perturbations to trigger the instability. We find that the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability can strongly amplify turbulence in the primordial plasma and as a consequence it may increase the amount of primordial gravitational radiation. Such turbulence may be relevant for the evolution of the Universe at later stages and may have an impact in the stochastic gravitational wave background.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures published in JCAP
Quantum Interference between Autonomous Single-Photon Sources from Doppler-Broadened Atomic Ensemble
Creators: name: Jeong, Teak
name: Lee, Yoon-Seok
name: Park, Jiho
name: Kim, Heonoh
name: Moon, Han Seb
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To realize a quantum network based on quantum entanglement swapping, bright and completely autonomous sources are essentially required. Here, we experimentally demonstrate Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) quantum interference between two independent bright photon pairs generated via the spontaneous four-wave mixing in Doppler-broadened ladder-type 87Rb atoms. Bright autonomous heralded single photons are operated in a continuous-wave (CW) mode with no synchronization or supplemental filters. The four-fold photon coincidence counts per hour correspond to 5000 events for a temporal range of 10 ns, one order higher than those of previously reported for autonomous single photons. We observe an HOM dip with 83% visibility with the two autonomous heralded single photons for an effective measurement time of 900 s. The achievement of the HOM interference between the two bright autonomous photon-pair sources has made an important step towards a practical scalable quantum network.
Gauge invariant information concerning quantum channels
Creators: name: Rudnicki, Łukasz
name: Puchała, Zbigniew
name: Zyczkowski, Karol
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the gate set tomography we study quantum channels from the perspective of information which is invariant with respect to the gauge realized through similarity of matrices representing channel superoperators. We thus use the complex spectrum of the superoperator to provide necessary conditions relevant for complete positivity of qubit channels and to express various metrics such as average gate fidelity.
description: Accepted in Quantum (2018-03-07)
Localization of a magnetic moment using a two-qubit probe
Creators: name: Krzywda, Jan
name: Cywiński, Łukasz
name: Szańkowski, Piotr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A nanomagnet precessing in an external magnetic field can be treated as a source of narrow-bandwidth magnetic noise, that leaves characteristic fingerprints in decoherence of a nearby spin qubit undergoing dynamical decoupling. We show how, by measurements of two-qubit coherence, a noise sensor composed of qubit pair can be used to reconstruct the position of the nanomagnet. Such localization of noise source is possible with only two qubit probes, because the course of coherence decay under appropriately designed dynamical decoupling sequences contain information not only about noises experienced by each qubit, but also about their cross-correlations. We test the applicability of the proposed protocol on an example of two qubits coupled to the nanomagnet via dipolar interaction. We also show how, using a two-qubit sensor possessing a particular symmetry, one can localize the nanomagnet even when the sensor-magnet coupling law is unknown.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures, 1 appendix. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. A
Margaret Simpson's Childhood in Wartime Birmingham
Creators: name: Project Team, Their Finest Hour
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 430304
subject: British history
classificationCode: 430308
subject: European history (excl. British, classical Greek and Roman)
classificationCode: 430316
subject: International history

description: Contributor was evacuated at the age of 11 in 1941 from Birmingham to Lichfield with members of King Edward Grammar School. The family in Lichfield who hosted her were well off and made her eat with the staff. She was sent to live with a local solicitor who lived in a large home far removed from the contributor's council house in Birmingham. Was plentiful food and it seemed the solicitor took part in bartering for his services to supplement their food rations. The school continued in local buildings. Communication between parents and Margaret was difficult, as her new home had a phone but her parents did not. They could only communicate via letters. Her father worked at Joseph Lucas factory, mother in the women's voluntary service. Her father was working at the Lucas factory during an air raid. The factory was bombed during his shift but it did not explode. Only spent a year in Lichfield, she lived together with another friend from school and moved back to Birmingham in 1942. Gathered meat from neighbours in Lichfield, in Birmingham there was less food. Was in the countryside near Stratford when VE day occurred, went into Stratford to celebrate. Lots of American soldiers were there and while her friend got drunk, she did not. Relief at the end of the war but did not fully appreciate its significance.
Memories of the Night of Blitz
Creators: name: Project Team, Their Finest Hour
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 430304
subject: British history
classificationCode: 430308
subject: European history (excl. British, classical Greek and Roman)
classificationCode: 430316
subject: International history

description: The contributor's husband and his parents lived in Hillfields, Coventry. On the night of the blitz, they knew that there would be a heavy attack in Coventry. At the time, the contributor's husband was fourteen years old. They found shelter in the Cathedral. The Cathedral was demolished in 1941 on the night of blitz. They realised later that their house was demolished too. The young fourteen-year-old boy lost his new suits that night.
Tidal stripping and the structure of dwarf galaxies in the Local Group
Creators: name: Fattahi, Azadeh
name: Navarro, Julio F.
name: Frenk, Carlos S.
name: Oman, Kyle
name: Sawala, Till
name: Schaller, Matthieu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The shallow faint-end slope of the galaxy mass function is usually reproduced in $Λ$CDM galaxy formation models by assuming that the fraction of baryons that turns into stars drops steeply with decreasing halo mass and essentially vanishes in haloes with maximum circular velocities $V_{\rm max}<20$-$30$ km/s. Dark matter-dominated dwarfs should therefore have characteristic velocities of about that value, unless they are small enough to probe only the rising part of the halo circular velocity curve (i.e., half-mass radii, $r_{1/2}\ll 1$ kpc). Many dwarfs have properties in disagreement with this prediction: they are large enough to probe their halo $V_{\rm max}$ but their characteristic velocities are well below $20$ km/s. These `cold faint giants' (an extreme example is the recently discovered Crater 2 Milky Way satellite) can only be reconciled with our $Λ$CDM models if they are the remnants of once massive objects heavily affected by tidal stripping. We examine this possibility using the APOSTLE cosmological hydrodynamical simulations of the Local Group. Assuming that low velocity dispersion satellites have been affected by stripping, we infer their progenitor masses, radii, and velocity dispersions, and find them in remarkable agreement with those of isolated dwarfs. Tidal stripping also explains the large scatter in the mass discrepancy-acceleration relation in the dwarf galaxy regime: tides remove preferentially dark matter from satellite galaxies, lowering their accelerations below the $a_{\rm min}\sim 10^{-11} m/s^2$ minimum expected for isolated dwarfs. In many cases, the resulting velocity dispersions are inconsistent with the predictions from Modified Newtonian Dynamics, a result that poses a possibly insurmountable challenge to that scenario.
description: replaced to match the accepted version. 2 new figures added compared to the previous version
Texture zeros of low-energy Majorana neutrino mass matrix in 3+1 scheme
Creators: name: Borah, Debasish
name: Ghosh, Monojit
name: Gupta, Shivani
name: Raut, Sushant K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we revisit the zero textures in low energy Majorana neutrino mass matrix when the active neutrino sector is extended by a light sterile neutrino in the eV scale i.e., the 3+1 scheme. In 3+1 scenario, the low energy neutrino mass matrix ($m_ν$) has ten independent elements. Thus in principle one can have minimum one-zero texture to maximum ten-zero texture. We summarize the previous results of one, two, three and four-zero textures which already exist in the literature and present our new results on five-zero textures. In our analysis we find that among six possible five-zero textures, only one is allowed by the present data. We discuss possible theoretical model which can explain the origin of the allowed five-zero texture and discuss other possible implications of such a scenario. Our results also concludes that in 3+1 scheme, one can not have more than five-zeros in $m_ν$.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures. Version published in PRD
AutoLens: Automated Modeling of a Strong Lens's Light, Mass and Source
Creators: name: Nightingale, James
name: Dye, Simon
name: Massey, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work presents AutoLens, the first entirely automated modeling suite for the analysis of galaxy-scale strong gravitational lenses. AutoLens simultaneously models the lens galaxy's light and mass whilst reconstructing the extended source galaxy on an adaptive pixel-grid. The method's approach to source-plane discretization is amorphous, adapting its clustering and regularization to the intrinsic properties of the lensed source. The lens's light is fitted using a superposition of Sersic functions, allowing AutoLens to cleanly deblend its light from the source. Single component mass models representing the lens's total mass density profile are demonstrated, which in conjunction with light modeling can detect central images using a centrally cored profile. Decomposed mass modeling is also shown, which can fully decouple a lens's light and dark matter and determine whether the two component are geometrically aligned. The complexity of the light and mass models are automatically chosen via Bayesian model comparison. These steps form AutoLens's automated analysis pipeline, such that all results in this work are generated without any user-intervention. This is rigorously tested on a large suite of simulated images, assessing its performance on a broad range of lens profiles, source morphologies and lensing geometries. The method's performance is excellent, with accurate light, mass and source profiles inferred for data sets representative of both existing Hubble imaging and future Euclid wide-field observations.
description: 49 pages, 21 figures, MNRAS resubmitted after review
Computing infra-red spectra using finite differencing in CASTEP
Creators: name: Prentice, Joseph
name: Yates, Jonathan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Infra-red spectroscopy
density functional theory
ultra-soft pseudopotentials
ARCHER2
eCSE

description: In this work, we implement new functionality within the well-known density functional theory (DFT) code CASTEP: the ability to compute infra-red absorption spectra, using finite differencing of Berry phase polarisation to obtain the Born effective charge tensors required to compute the IR absorption strengths. Finite differencing works ‘out-of-the-box’ with virtually any electronic structure method with CASTEP, unlike density functional perturbation theory (DFPT), which must be explicitly coded. To achieve this, we implement the main missing contribution to the Berry phase polarisation, which arises from ultra-soft pseudopotentials (USPs). We also implement the finite differencing approach to computing the Born effective charges itself, and benchmark the accuracy of these two implementations against existing work. We also make improvement to the parallelisation of the computation of Berry phase polarisation and IR spectra, including k-point parallelism and task farm parallelisation. This work allows IR spectra to be computed using previously unavailable methods, such as DFT+U and more accurate functionals such as meta-GGAs and hybrids; in materials where such methods are vital for an accurate description, this work will enable IR spectra to be calculated for the first time. Our work will also future-proof the calculation of vibrational spectra against new approaches, and has broader relevance to modelling of vibrational spectra, e.g. Raman spectroscopy and phonon-loss EELS.
Winter 2016 honey bee colony losses in New Zealand
Creators: name: Brown, Philip
name: Newstrom-Lloyd, Linda E
name: Foster, Barry J
name: Badger, Paul H
name: McLean, John A
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Estimating winter losses for managed honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies is critical for understanding hive productivity and health. This study reports estimates of overwinter colony losses in New Zealand, which has seen exponential growth in the number of managed colonies in recent years. Over 35% of all beekeepers, and 50% of all commercial beekeepers in the country responded to the internet-based 2016 New Zealand Colony Loss Survey, providing detailed information on over 275,000 colonies (over 40% of all registered colonies) that entered winter 2016. Using three different methods, we estimate overall winter losses to be below 10%. However, nearly 29% of beekeepers lost more than 15% of their colonies over winter 2016, and nearly 25% of beekeepers lost more than 20%, indicating considerable skewness. These results are subject to strong regional variation, with the highest losses reported in areas with significant mānuka resources. Similarly, non-commercial beekeepers report substantially higher loss rates than commercial beekeepers. Beekeepers who lost colonies over the winter of 2016 most frequently attributed the cause to colony death, queen problems, or wasps. However, varroa and competition for apiary sites were also identified as important areas of concern. In this analysis, we explore variation in both region and operation size for all five of these challenges.
Calculation of the local density of relic neutrinos
Creators: name: de Salas, P. F.
name: Gariazzo, S.
name: Lesgourgues, J.
name: Pastor, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonzero neutrino masses are required by the existence of flavour oscillations, with values of the order of at least 50 meV. We consider the gravitational clustering of relic neutrinos within the Milky Way, and used the $N$-one-body simulation technique to compute their density enhancement factor in the neighbourhood of the Earth with respect to the average cosmic density. Compared to previous similar studies, we pushed the simulation down to smaller neutrino masses, and included an improved treatment of the baryonic and dark matter distributions in the Milky Way. Our results are important for future experiments aiming at detecting the cosmic neutrino background, such as the Princeton Tritium Observatory for Light, Early-universe, Massive-neutrino Yield (PTOLEMY) proposal. We calculate the impact of neutrino clustering in the Milky Way on the expected event rate for a PTOLEMY-like experiment. We find that the effect of clustering remains negligible for the minimal normal hierarchy scenario, while it enhances the event rate by 10 to 20% (resp. a factor 1.7 to 2.5) for the minimal inverted hierarchy scenario (resp. a degenerate scenario with 150 meV masses). Finally we compute the impact on the event rate of a possible fourth sterile neutrino with a mass of 1.3 eV.
description: 24 pages, 5 figures. Matches published version
Electro-vortex flow simulation using coupled meshes
Creators: name: Weber, Norbert
name: Beckstein, Pascal
name: Galindo, Vladimir
name: Starace, Marco
name: Weier, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A numerical model for simulating electro-vortical flows in OpenFOAM is developed. Electric potential and current are solved in coupled solid-liquid conductors by a parent-child mesh technique. The magnetic field is computed using a combination of Biot-Savart's law and induction equation. Further, a deflated PCG solver for the electric potential is implemented. Finally, a performance analysis is presented and the solver is validated against several test cases.
Structural characterization and biological evaluation of chemical constituents from Ilex cornuta
Creators: name: Yu, Shu-Juan
name: Yu, Zhi-Pu
name: Wang, Yin-Yin
name: Bao, Jie
name: Yuan, Tao
name: Yu, Jin-Hai
name: Zhang, Hua
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: One new ursane-type triterpenoid (1), one new ursane-type triterpenoid glycoside (2), and one new oleanane-type triterpenoid glycoside (3), along with 20 known compounds, were isolated from the leaves of Ilex cornuta. The structures of these natural products were elucidated on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analyses and chemical derivation. Our biological evaluation established that selective compounds showed moderate to significant antioxidant activities in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) methods.
Instantons in self-organizing logic gates
Creators: name: Bearden, Sean R. B.
name: Manukian, Haik
name: Traversa, Fabio L.
name: Di Ventra, Massimiliano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Self-organizing logic is a recently-suggested framework that allows the solution of Boolean truth tables "in reverse," i.e., it is able to satisfy the logical proposition of gates regardless to which terminal(s) the truth value is assigned ("terminal-agnostic logic"). It can be realized if time non-locality (memory) is present. A practical realization of self-organizing logic gates (SOLGs) can be done by combining circuit elements with and without memory. By employing one such realization, we show, numerically, that SOLGs exploit elementary instantons to reach equilibrium points. Instantons are classical trajectories of the non-linear equations of motion describing SOLGs, and connect topologically distinct critical points in the phase space. By linear analysis at those points, we show that these instantons connect the initial critical point of the dynamics, with at least one unstable direction, directly to the final fixed point. We also show that the memory content of these gates only affects the relaxation time to reach the logically consistent solution. Finally, we demonstrate, by solving the corresponding stochastic differential equations, that since instantons connect critical points, noise and perturbations may change the instanton trajectory in the phase space, but not the initial and final critical points. Therefore, even for extremely large noise levels, the gates self-organize to the correct solution. Our work provides a physical understanding of, and can serve as an inspiration for, new models of bi-directional logic gates that are emerging as important tools in physics-inspired, unconventional computing.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Development of an electron paramagnetic resonance methodology for studying the photo-generation of reactive species in semiconductor nano-particle assembled films
Creators: name: Twardoch, Marek
name: Messai, Youcef
name: Vileno, Bertrand
name: Hoarau, Yannick
name: Mekki, Djamel E.
name: Felix, Olivier
name: Turek, Philippe
name: Weiss, Jean
name: Decher, Gero
name: Martel, David
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: An experimental approach involving electron paramagnetic resonance is proposed for studying photo-generated reactive species in semiconductor nano-particle-based films deposited on the internal wall of glass capillaries. This methodology is applied here to nano-TiO2 and allows a semi-quantitative analysis of the kinetic evolutions of radical production using a spin scavenger probe.
On flux integrals for generalized Melvin solution related to simple finite-dimensional Lie algebra
Creators: name: Ivashchuk, V. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A generalized Melvin solution for an arbitrary simple finite-dimensional Lie algebra $\cal G$ is considered. The solution contains a metric, $n$ Abelian 2-forms and $n$ scalar fields, where $n$ is the rank of $\cal G$. It is governed by a set of $n$ moduli functions $H_s(z)$ obeying $n$ ordinary differential equations with certain boundary conditions imposed. It was conjectured earlier that these functions should be polynomials - the so-called fluxbrane polynomials. These polynomials depend upon integration constants $q_s$, $s = 1,\dots,n$. In the case when the conjecture on the polynomial structure for the Lie algebra $\cal G$ is satisfied, it is proved that 2-form flux integrals $Φ^s$ over a proper $2d$ submanifold are finite and obey the relations: $q_s Φ^s = 4 πn_s h_s$, where $h_s > 0$ are certain constants (related to dilatonic coupling vectors) and $n_s$ are powers of the polynomials, which are components of a twice dual Weyl vector in the basis of simple (co-)roots, $s = 1,\dots,n$. The main relations of the paper are valid for a solution corresponding to a finite-dimensional semi-simple Lie algebra $\cal G$. Examples of polynomials and fluxes for the Lie algebras $A_1$, $A_2$, $A_3$, $C_2$, $G_2$ and $A_1 + A_1$ are presented.
description: 10 pages, Latex, no figures, prepared for a talk at RUSGRAV-16 conference, 2nd revised version, several typos (mainly grammar ones) are eliminated. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1706.06621
Quantum properties of dichroic silicon vacancies in silicon carbide
Creators: name: Nagy, Roland
name: Widmann, Matthias
name: Niethammer, Matthias
name: Dasari, Durga B. R.
name: Gerhardt, Ilja
name: Soykal, Öney O.
name: Radulaski, Marina
name: Ohshima, Takeshi
name: Vučković, Jelena
name: Son, Nguyen Tien
name: Ivanov, Ivan G.
name: Economou, Sophia E.
name: Bonato, Cristian
name: Lee, Sang-Yun
name: Wrachtrup, Jörg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The controlled generation and manipulation of atom-like defects in solids has a wide range of applications in quantum technology. Although various defect centres have displayed promise as either quantum sensors, single photon emitters or light-matter interfaces, the search for an ideal defect with multi-functional ability remains open. In this spirit, we investigate here the optical and spin properties of the V1 defect centre, one of the silicon vacancy defects in the 4H polytype of silicon carbide (SiC). The V1 centre in 4H-SiC features two well-distinguishable sharp optical transitions and a unique S=3/2 electronic spin, which holds promise to implement a robust spin-photon interface. Here, we investigate the V1 defect at low temperatures using optical excitation and magnetic resonance techniques. The measurements, which are performed on ensemble, as well as on single centres, prove that this centre combines coherent optical emission, with up to 40% of the radiation emitted into the zero-phonon line (ZPL), a strong optical spin signal and long spin coherence time. These results single out the V1 defect in SiC as a promising system for spin-based quantum technologies.
Discovering a textual layout in the unrolled carbonized papyri from Herculaneum by the new highly sensitive MA-XRF scanner developed at ISPC-CNR
Creators: name: Caliri, Claudia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: In the last decade, the XRAYLab group of ISPC-CNR in Catania has introduced several technological innovations for the Macro X-Ray Fluorescence Imaging technique (MA-XRF), enabling new analytical possibilities in the non-invasive investigation of tangible cultural heritage. In this communication, we present a novel mobile MA-XRF scanner based on a 3D array of six SDDs operated in parallel and arranged in a compact hodoscopic geometry. The new 6-detector configuration allows us to enhance the overall chemical sensitivity of the technique, rivaling the one available in one-detector set-up of XRF beamlines at synchrotrons. Recently, our MA-XRF scanner was used for the investigation of the unrolled carbonized papyri of Herculaneum in the framework of the ERC project Greek Schools. The application of the new highly sensitive technique allowed us to reveal for the first time the existence of a textual layout drawn by the scribes with Pb-based ruling lines, confirming what was known up to today only from historical sources.
Stochastic IMT (insulator-metal-transition) neurons: An interplay of thermal and threshold noise at bifurcation
Creators: name: Parihar, Abhinav
name: Jerry, Matthew
name: Datta, Suman
name: Raychowdhury, Arijit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Artificial neural networks can harness stochasticity in multiple ways to enable a vast class of computationally powerful models. Electronic implementation of such stochastic networks is currently limited to addition of algorithmic noise to digital machines which is inherently inefficient; albeit recent efforts to harness physical noise in devices for stochasticity have shown promise. To succeed in fabricating electronic neuromorphic networks we need experimental evidence of devices with measurable and controllable stochasticity which is complemented with the development of reliable statistical models of such observed stochasticity. Current research literature has sparse evidence of the former and a complete lack of the latter. This motivates the current article where we demonstrate a stochastic neuron using an insulator-metal-transition (IMT) device, based on electrically induced phase-transition, in series with a tunable resistance. We show that an IMT neuron has dynamics similar to a piecewise linear FitzHugh-Nagumo (FHN) neuron and incorporates all characteristics of a spiking neuron in the device phenomena. We experimentally demonstrate spontaneous stochastic spiking along with electrically controllable firing probabilities using Vanadium Dioxide (VO$_2$) based IMT neurons which show a sigmoid-like transfer function. The stochastic spiking is explained by two noise sources - thermal noise and threshold fluctuations, which act as precursors of bifurcation. As such, the IMT neuron is modeled as an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) process with a fluctuating boundary resulting in transfer curves that closely match experiments. As one of the first comprehensive studies of a stochastic neuron hardware and its statistical properties, this article would enable efficient implementation of a large class of neuro-mimetic networks and algorithms.
description: Added sectioning, Figure 6, Table 1, and Section II.E Updated abstract, discussion and corrected typos
Elimination of basic blue 9 by electrocoagulation coupled with pelletized natural dead leaves (Sapindus mukorossi) biosorption
Creators: name: Javed, Farhan
name: Ahmad, Syed Waqas
name: Ikhlaq, Amir
name: Rehman, Abdul
name: Saleem, Faisal
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Elimination of basic blue 9 (BB-9), a cationic textile dye, by electrocoagulation coupled with biosorption exploiting pelletized natural dead leaves (PNDL) of Sapindus mukorossi, an economic alternative biosorbent, was investigated. The experimental runs were conducted in a laboratory-scale hybrid reactor loaded with Al electrodes, aeration spargers and PNDL packed twin suspended buckets. The pelletized adsorbents offer key advantages of good mechanical stability, lesser clogging risk, and easy disengagement as compared to powdered adsorbents. The parameters of current density, pH, PNDL dose, and initial dye concentration were studied for the decolorization and COD removal efficiency. The experimental results revealed that up to 99.9% decolorization and 90.01% COD removal efficiency achieved after 8 min at optimum condition of current density (j)=20.27 mA/cm2, pH = 9, PNDL dose = 6 g/L, and initial dye concentration = 50 mg/L. The BB-9 elimination followed the first-order kinetics with K1=0.318 min−1 and R2=0.997. The results revealed the potential of PNDL as a feasible biosorbent with the effective performance of the coupled process.
Additional file 1 of Predictors of malaria rapid diagnostic test positivity in a high burden area of Paletwa Township, Chin State in Western Myanmar
Creators: name: Aung, Pyae Linn
name: Soe, Myat Thu
name: Oo, Thit Lwin
name: Khin, Aung
name: Thi, Aung
name: Zhao, Yan
name: Cao, Yaming
name: Cui, Liwang
name: Kyaw, Myat Phone
name: Parker, Daniel M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Additional figures.
Masses and decay constants of the $D_{s0}^*(2317)$ and $D_{s1}(2460)$ from $N_f=2$ lattice QCD close to the physical point
Creators: name: Bali, Gunnar S.
name: Collins, Sara
name: Cox, Antonio
name: Schäfer, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a high statistics study of the $J^{P}=0^{+}$ and $1^{+}$ charmed-strange mesons, $D_{s0}^*(2317)$ and $D_{s1}(2460)$, respectively. The effects of the nearby $DK$ and $D^{*}K$ thresholds are taken into account by employing the corresponding four quark operators. Six ensembles with $N_f=2$ non-perturbatively ${\cal O}(a)$ improved clover Wilson sea quarks at $a=0.07$ fm are employed, covering different spatial volumes and pion masses: linear lattice extents $L/a=24,32,40,64$, equivalent to 1.7 fm to 4.5 fm, are realised for $m_π=290$ MeV and $L/a=48,64$ or 3.4 fm and 4.5 fm for an almost physical pion mass of $150$ MeV. Through a phase shift analysis and the effective range approximation we determine the scattering lengths, couplings to the thresholds and the infinite volume masses. Differences relative to the experimental values are observed for these masses, however, this is likely to be due to discretisation effects as spin-averaged quantities and splittings are reasonably compatible with experiment. We also compute the weak decay constants of the scalar and axialvector and find $f_V^{0^+}=114(2)(0)(+5)(10)$ MeV and $f_A^{1^+}=194(3)(4)(+5)(10)$ MeV, where the errors are due to statistics, renormalisation, finite volume and lattice spacing effects.
description: Very minor changes, references added, corrected typos, final version
Neutrino mass and the Higgs portal dark matter in the ESSFSM
Creators: name: Khan, Najimuddin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the standard model with three right-handed singlet neutrinos and a real singlet scalar. We impose two $Z_2$ and $Z_2^\prime$-symmetries. We explain the tiny neutrino mass-squared differences with two $Z_2$- and $Z_2^\prime$-even right-handed neutrinos using the type-I seesaw mechanism. The $Z_2$-odd fermion and the $Z_2^\prime$-odd scalar can both serve as viable dark matter candidates. We identify new regions in the parameter space which are consistent with relic density of the dark matter, recent direct search experiment LUX-2016, XENON1T-2017 and LHC data.
description: 21 pages, 3 figures and 2 tables, Advances in High Energy Physics, vol. 2018