cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Décision séquentielle et Principe de Précaution
Creators: name: Treich, Nicolas
name: Treich, Nicolas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: precaution
subject: irreversibility
subject: sequential decision process
subject: climate change
subject: scientific uncertainty

description: The Precautionary Principle (Rio Conference, Maastricht Treaty) is becoming increasingly prominent in the environmental protection law or on health safety issues. Given the important literature on the Precautionary Principle in social sciences in general, this paper provides an economic approach to the Precautionary Principle. In crude terms, the Precautionary Principle encourages the prevention of a risk before that full scientific information is available about it. Since this Principle implies that a decision should be taken in advance, even if it may be revised later on, it implies that the decision process is sequential. As a result, this paper proposes an interpretation of the Precautionary Principle based on the sequential decision theory. We report some insights from sequential investment theory (Dixit and Pindyck, 1994) in order to bring closer the notion of option value to that of precaution. We then introduce formally the notion of irreversibility and that of information structure. We also reinterpret the Bayes’rule as a rule that accounts for scientific progress in decision-making. This allows us to distinguish between a preventive and a precautionary strategy. Prevention is a static concept that refers to the management of a risk at a given time and given a stable probability distribution. Precaution is a dynamic concept that recognizes the evolution of scientific knowledge. A precautionary measure is defined as a prudent and temporary decision that permits to manage the current lack of scientific information. In order to examine the efficiency of the Precautionary Principle, we raise the following question: does more scientific uncertainty lead to bias decisions in favor of less current risk exposure? We show that the Precautionary Principle may be justified on the grounds of irreversibility alone (Henry, 1974). We also generalize this pure 'irreversibility effect' to integrate risk aversion and consumption externalities (Gollier et al., 2000). We finally report some empirical results from macroeconomic models that recently assessed the impact of scientific uncertainty on optimal climate policy (Nordhaus, 1994).
Additional file 1 of Participation of adults with cognitive, physical, or psychiatric impairments in family of origin and intimate relationships: a grounded theory study
Creators: name: Pfister, Andreas
name: Georgi-Tscherry, Pia
name: Berger, Fabian
name: Studer, Michaela
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 1. Completed COREQ checklist for the manuscript.
Detection of the diffuse HI emission in the Circumgalactic Medium of NGC 891 and NGC 4565
Creators: name: Das, Sanskriti
name: Sardone, Amy
name: Leroy, Adam K.
name: Mathur, Smita
name: Gallagher, Molly
name: Pingel, Nickolas M.
name: Pisano, D. J.
name: Heald, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present detections of 21-cm emission from neutral hydrogen (HI) in the circumgalactic medium (CGM) of the local edge-on galaxies NGC 891 and NGC 4565 using the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope (GBT). With our 5$σ$ sensitivity of $8.2 \times 10^{16}$ cm$^{-2}$ calculated over a 20 km s$^{-1}$ channel, we achieve $>5σ$ detections out to $90-120$ kpc along the minor axes. The velocity width of the CGM emission is as large as that of the disk $\approx 500$ km s$^{-1}$, indicating the existence of a diffuse component permeating the halo. We compare our GBT measurements with interferometric data from the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT). The WSRT maps the HI emission from the disk at high S/N but has limited surface brightness sensitivity at the angular scales probed with the GBT. After convolving the WSRT data to the spatial resolution of the GBT (FWHM = 9.1$'$), we find that the emission detected by the WSRT accounts for $48^{+15}_{-25}$% ($58^{+4}_{-18}$%) of the total flux recovered by the GBT from the CGM of NGC 891(NGC 4565). The existence of significant GBT-only flux suggests the presence of a large amount of diffuse, low column density HI emission in the CGM. For reasonable assumptions, the extended diffuse HI could account for $5.2\pm0.9$% and $2.0\pm0.8$% of the total HI emission of NGC 891 and NGC 4565.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures, published in ApJ
Smoothing-based Initialization for Learning-to-Forecast Algorithms
Creators: name: Berardi, Michele
name: Galimberti, Jaqueson K.
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2017
Subjects: Initialization
WIRTSCHAFTSPROGNOSEN
LEARNING ALGORITHMS (MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS)
KALMAN FILTERING (CONTROL SYSTEMS THEORY)
LEAST SQUARES ESTIMATION (MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS)
FORECASTING BASED ON STATISTICS (MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS)
KALMAN-FILTER (THEORIE DER REGELUNGSSYSTEME)
KLEINSTQUADRATSCHÄTZUNG (MATHEMATISCHE STATISTIK)
Smoothing
Expectations
PROGNOSEN AUF STATISTISCHER BASIS (MATHEMATISCHE STATISTIK)
Learning algorithms
ECONOMIC FORECASTS
LERNENDE ALGORITHMEN (MATHEMATISCHE STATISTIK)
info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/330
Economics

description: KOF Working Papers, 425
title: Resummation of Next-to-Leading Non-Global Logarithms
Creators: name: Schalch, Nicolas François
Publisher: name: Universität Bern
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 530 Physics

description: An intricate pattern of enhanced higher-order corrections known as non-global logarithms arises in cross sections with angular cuts. While the leading logarithmic terms have been calculated numerically more than two decades ago, the resummation of subleading non-global logarithms remained an open problem. In this monograph, we present a solution to this challenge using effective field theory techniques. Starting from a factorization theorem, we develop a dedicated parton shower framework in the Veneziano limit where the number of colors Nc becomes large, but the ratio of Nc to the number of fermion flavors nF remains fixed. We solve the associated renormalization-group equations using our Monte-Carlo framework, thereby resumming the subleading non-global logarithms. Combined with matching corrections, we obtain, for the first time, the complete set of next-to-leading logarithmic corrections for a non-global observable at a hadron collider.
L'apport de la microéconométrie à l'évaluation des politiques publiques
Creators: name: Magnac, Thierry
name: Magnac, Thierry
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Public Economics
subject: public policies
subject: evaluation
subject: selection
subject: experimental data

description: In this paper, we survey the microeconometric literature on the quantitative evaluation of public interventions in the labour market, focussing upon the measure of programme effects for the participants to the programme (“the effect of the treatment on the treated”). We briefly summarize the main statistical problem that evaluation studies are confronted with, that is endogenous selection. We distinguish estimation methods according to the use of controlled experiment, natural experiment or non experimental data. We continue by describing an example of programme evaluation where we study the effects of public training schemes for youths, on their subsequent employment probabilities. We use non experimental data on youth employment histories at the beginning of the nineties in France and we contrast the results of the evaluation between urban and rural areas. The main result is that the effects of training schemes on employment probabilities are not significant in both areas. We continue by discussing the benefits and costs of experimental and non experimental data according to the type of public policies and their intended range and by presenting some examples of limitations, when using controlled or natural experiments, that have been described in the literature. Despite these limitations, we conclude by insisting upon the need to more closely relate the data collection process to any programme evaluation.
Citizenship, nation, and identity : a study of the framing of the Maher Arar case in Canada’s two national newspapers, 2002-2004
Creators: name: Hobuti-Fard, Tahereh Elliey
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: In this study, I examine newspaper coverage from the National Post and The Globe and Mail on the case of Maher Arar using media framing analysis. Arar, a Canadian citizen of Syrian origin, was detained and subsequently deported by the United States Immigration and Naturalization Service based on his suspected links with terrorist organizations. To understand the significance and implications of how this case has been framed in the news media, over 250 newspaper articles (written between September, 2002 to February, 2004) were analyzed from Canada’s two national newspapers. This study identifies four different types of frames that have been predominantly used in the framing of news stories about Maher Arar: terrorism, domestic policy/foreign relations, racial/religious, and civil & human rights/liberties frames. While little significant difference in framing was found between the two newspapers/coverage of this case, several differences were evident. Among the findings of this study were that terrorism tends to be associated with Arab Muslims in the post-9/11 period and that there is a rising concern regarding the status of visible minorities in Canada, and the state of our national and international post-911 policies and practices.
Symmetry and species segregation in diffusion-limited pair annihilation
Creators: name: Hilhorst, H. J.
name: Washenberger, M. J.
name: Tauber, U. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a system of q diffusing particle species A_1,A_2,...,A_q that are all equivalent under a symmetry operation. Pairs of particles may annihilate according to A_i + A_j -> 0 with reaction rates k_{ij} that respect the symmetry, and without self-annihilation (k_{ii} = 0). In spatial dimensions d > 2 mean-field theory predicts that the total particle density decays as n(t) ~ 1/t, provided the system remains spatially uniform. We determine the conditions on the matrix k under which there exists a critical segregation dimension d_{seg} below which this uniformity condition is violated; the symmetry between the species is then locally broken. We argue that in those cases the density decay slows down to n(t) ~ t^{-d/d_{seg}} for 2 < d < d_{seg}. We show that when d_{seg} exists, its value can be expressed in terms of the ratio of the smallest to the largest eigenvalue of k. The existence of a conservation law (as in the special two-species annihilation A + B -> 0), although sufficient for segregation, is shown not to be a necessary condition for this phenomenon to occur. We work out specific examples and present Monte Carlo simulations compatible with our analytical results.
description: latex, 19 pages, 3 eps figures included
A mountain ridge model for quantifying oblique mountain wave propagation and distribution
Creators: name: Rhode, Sebastian
name: Preusse, Peter
name: Ern, Manfred
name: Ungermann, Jörn
name: Krasauskas, Lukas
name: Bacmeister, Julio
name: Riese, Martin
Publisher: name: Forschungzentrum Jülich
Year: 2023

description: doi:10.5194/egusphere-2022-1479
description: Following the current understanding of gravity waves (GWs) and especially mountain waves (MWs), they have high potential of horizontal propagation from their source. This horizontal propagation and therefore the transport of energy is usually not well represented in MW parameterizations of numerical weather prediction and general circulation models. The lack thereof possibly leads to shortcomings in the model's prediction as e.g. the cold pole bias in the Southern Hemisphere and the polar vortex breaking down too late. In this study we present a mountain wave model (MWM) for quantification of the horizontal propagation of orographic gravity waves. This model determines MW source location and associates their parameters from a fit of idealized Gaussian shaped mountains to topography data. Propagation and refraction of these MWs in the atmosphere is modeled using the ray-tracer GROGRAT. Ray-tracing each MW individually allows for an estimation of momentum transport due to both vertical and horizontal propagation. This study presents the MWM itself and gives validations of MW induced temperature perturbations to ECMWF IFS numerical weather prediction data and estimations of gravity wave momentum flux (GWMF) compared to HIRDLS satellite observations. The MWM is capable of reproducing the general features and amplitudes of both of these data sets and, in addition, is used to explain some observational features by investigating MW parameters along their trajectories.
On BPS Strings in ${\mathcal N}=4$ Yang-Mills Theory
Creators: name: Ashok, Sujay K.
name: Gupta, Varun
name: Suryanarayana, Nemani V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study singular time-dependent $\frac{1}{8}$-BPS configurations in the abelian sector of ${{\mathcal N}= 4}$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory that represent BPS string-like defects in ${{\mathbb R}\times S^3}$ spacetime. Such BPS strings can be described as intersections of the zeros of holomorphic functions in two complex variables with a 3-sphere. We argue that these BPS strings map to $\frac{1}{8}$-BPS surface operators under the state-operator correspondence of the CFT. We show that the string defects are holographically dual to noncompact probe D3-branes in global $AdS_5\times S^5$ that share supersymmetries with a class of dual-giant gravitons. For simple configurations, we demonstrate how to define a good variational problem and propose a regularization scheme that leads to finite energy and global charges on both sides of the holographic correspondence.
description: v2, 55 pages, 1 figure
The extremely strong non-neutralized electric currents of the unique solar active region NOAA 13664
Creators: name: Kontogiannis, Ioannis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In May 2024, the extremely complex active region National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) 13664 produced the strongest geomagnetic storm since 2003. The aim of this study is to explore the development of the extreme magnetic complexity of NOAA 13664 in terms of its photospheric electric current. The non-neutralized electric current is derived from photospheric vector magnetograms, provided by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imaged onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory. The calculation method is based on image processing, thresholding and error analysis. The spatial and temporal evolution of the non-neutralized electric current of the region as well as its constituent sub-regions is examined. For context, a comparison with other complex, flare-prolific active regions is provided. Active region NOAA 13664 was formed by the emergence and interaction of three sub-regions, two of which were of notable individual complexity. It consisted of numerous persistent, current-carrying magnetic partitions that exhibited periods of conspicuous motions and strongly increasing electric current at many locations within the region. These periods were followed by intense and repeated flaring. The total unsigned non-neutralized electric currents and average injection rates reached $5.95 \cdot 10^{13}$ A and $1.5 \cdot 10^{13}$ A/day, and were the strongest observed so far, significantly surpassing other super-active regions of Solar Cycle 24 and 25. Active region NOAA 13664 presents a unique case of complexity. Further scrutiny of the spatial and temporal variation of the net electric currents during the emergence and development of super-active regions is paramount to understand the origin of complex regions and adverse space weather.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication as a Letter in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Open String Tachyon in Supergravity Solution
Creators: name: Kobayashi, Shinpei
name: Asakawa, Tsuguhiko
name: Matsuura, So
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the tachyon condensation of the D-\bar{D}-brane system with a constant tachyon vev in the context of classical solutions of the Type II supergravity. We find that the general solution with the symmetry ISO(1,p)xSO(9-p) (the three-parameter solution) includes the extremal black p-brane solution as an appropriate limit of the solution with fixing one of the three parameters (c_1). Furthermore, we compare the long distance behavior of the solution with the massless modes of the closed strings from the boundary state of the D-\bar{D}-brane system with a constant tachyon vev. We find that we must fix c_1 to zero and the only two parameters are needed to express the tachyon condensation of the DD-brane system. This means that the parameter $c_1$ does not correspond to the tachyon vev of the DD-brane system.
description: 20 pages, no figures, LaTeX2e, typos corrected, references added and more general result presented
A Comparison of Amputee and Able-Bodied Inter-Subject Variability in Myoelectric Control
Creators: name: Campbell, Evan
name: Chang, Jason
name: Phinyomark, Angkoon
name: Scheme, Erik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Despite decades of research and development of pattern recognition approaches, the clinical usability of myoelectriccontrolled prostheses is still limited. One of the main issues is the high inter-subject variability that necessitates long and frequent user-specific training. Cross-user models present an opportunity to improve clinical viability of myoelectric control systems by leveraging existing data to shorten training. However, due to the difficulty of obtaining large sets of data from amputee populations, data from intact-limbed subjects are often supplemented when building cross-user models; which may not translate well to clinical usability. In this preliminary study, the differences between intact-limbed and amputee cross-user electromyography (EMG) patterns were examined. Previously collected EMG data from 20 intact limbed and 10 amputee subjects for different wrist, finger, and grasping gestures were analysed. Results using unsupervised clustering showed that amputees were consistently grouped into a different cluster than intact-limbed subjects and that additional clustering into more subgroups found larger differences between amputees than able-bodied subjects. Furthermore, a simple linear classifier was able to discriminate between able-bodied and amputee subjects using EMG from multiple gestures with 90% accuracy. These results suggest that using able-bodied subject data alone may be insufficient to capture the necessary inter-subject variance when designing cross-user myoelectric control systems for prosthesis control.
description: Submitted to MEC 2020 (Myoelectric Control) Conference
Global multipartite entanglement dynamics in Grover's search algorithm
Creators: name: Pan, Minghua
name: Qiu, Daowen
name: Zheng, Shenggen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Entanglement is considered to be one of the primary reasons for why quantum algorithms are more efficient than their classical counterparts for certain computational tasks. The global multipartite entanglement of the multiqubit states in Grover's search algorithm can be quantified using the geometric measure of entanglement (GME). Rossi {\em et al.} (Phys. Rev. A \textbf{87}, 022331 (2013)) found that the entanglement dynamics is scale invariant for large $n$. Namely, the GME does not depend on the number $n$ of qubits; rather, it only depends on the ratio of iteration $k$ to the total iteration. In this paper, we discuss the optimization of the GME for large $n$. We prove that ``the GME is scale invariant'' does not always hold. We show that there is generally a turning point that can be computed in terms of the number of marked states and their Hamming weights during the curve of the GME. The GME is scale invariant prior to the turning point. However, the GME is not scale invariant after the turning point since it also depends on $n$ and the marked states.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures, comments are welcome
Membrane Fuzzy Sphere Dynamics in Plane-Wave Matrix Model
Creators: name: Shin, Hyeonjoon
name: Yoshida, Kentaroh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In plane-wave matrix model, the membrane fuzzy sphere extended in the SO(3) symmetric space is allowed to have periodic motion on a sub-plane in the SO(6) symmetric space. We consider a background configuration composed of two such fuzzy spheres moving on the same sub-plane and the one-loop quantum corrections to it. The one-loop effective action describing the fuzzy sphere interaction is computed up to the sub-leading order in the limit that the mean distance $r$ between two fuzzy spheres is very large. We show that the leading order interaction is of the 1/r^7 type and thus the membrane fuzzy spheres interpreted as giant gravitons really behave as gravitons.
description: 28 pages, LaTeX2e, 1 figure, 1 table
Cosmic-ray database update: ultra-high energy, ultra-heavy, and anti-nuclei cosmic-ray data (CRDB v4.0)
Creators: name: Maurin, D.
name: Dembinski, H.
name: Gonzalez, J.
name: Mariş, I. C.
name: Melot, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an update on CRDB (https://lpsc.in2p3.fr/crdb), the cosmic-ray database for charged species. CRDB is based on MySQL, queried and sorted by jquery and table-sorter libraries, and displayed via PHP web pages through the AJAX protocol. We review the modifications made on the structure and outputs of the database since the first release (Maurin et al., 2014). For this update, the most important feature is the inclusion of ultra-heavy nuclei ($Z>30$), ultra-high energy nuclei (from $10^{15}$ to $10^{20}$ eV), and limits on antinuclei fluxes ($Z\leq -1$ for $A>1$); more than 100 experiments, 350 publications, and 40000 data points are now available in CRDB. We also revisited and simplified how users can retrieve data and submit new ones. For questions and requests, please contact crdb@lpsc.in2p3.fr.
description: 58 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables: minor changes (accepted version to appear in Universe special issue "High Energy Cosmic Ray Direct Detection")
A Multi-station Meteor Monitoring (M$^3$) System. I. Design and Testing
Creators: name: Li, Z.
name: Zou, H.
name: Liu, J.
name: Ma, J.
name: Zhao, X.
name: Li, X.
name: Tu, Z.
name: Zhang, B.
name: Wang, R.
name: Wang, S.
name: Xue, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Meteors carry important and indispensable information about the interplanetary environment, which can be used to understand the origin and evolution of our solar system. We have developed a Multi-station Meteor Monitoring ($\rm M^3$) system that can observe almost the entire sky and detect meteors automatically, and it determines their trajectories. They are highly extensible to construct a large-scale network. Each station consists of a waterproof casing, a wide field-of-view lens with a CMOS camera, and a supporting computer. The camera has a built-in GPS module for accurately timing the meteoroid entry into the atmosphere (accurate to 1 $μ$s), which is the most prominent characteristic compared with other existing meteor monitoring devices. We have also developed a software package that can efficiently identify and measure meteors appearing in the real-time video stream and compute the orbits of meteoroids in the solar system via multi-station observations. During the Geminid meteor shower in 2021, the M$^3$ system was tested at two stations ($\sim$55 km apart) in the suburbs of Beijing. The test results show that the astrometric accuracy is about 0.3-0.4 arcmin. About 800 meteors were detected by these two stations. A total of 473 meteors have their orbits calculated by our software, and 377 of them belong to the Geminid meteoroid stream. Our M$^3$ system will be further tested and upgraded, and it will be used to construct a large monitoring network in China in the future.
description: 38 pages, 12 figures, Accepted for publication in the Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems (JATIS)
Additional file 1 of Graphing and reporting heterogeneous treatment effects through reference classes
Creators: name: Watson, James A.
name: Holmes, Chris C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1 Supplementary figures.
title: Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of Deformation Processes in Metallic Glasses
Creators: name: Kang, Sangjun
Publisher: name: UNSPECIFIED
Year: 2024

description: Amorphous metallic alloys known as metallic glasses exhibit remarkable mechanical strength, elasticity, and resistance to wear when compared to their crystalline counterparts. These intriguing attributes have generated considerable interest in utilizing them for engineering materials over the past decades. Nevertheless, a significant drawback of metallic glasses lies in their limited ductility, which causes them to undergo abrupt yielding when undergoing plastic deformation. This plastic deformation of metallic glasses primarily occurs through the creation of shear bands, brought by work-softening nature of glasses. As regions within the material experience plastic deformation, they become softer, promoting localized strain accumulation within a narrow band-like zone, so-called shear band. Unfortunately, the sudden emergence of shear bands contributes to the premature failure of metallic glasses and hinders their toughness. Hence, comprehending the mechanisms that give rise to shear band formation becomes pivotal in constructing the theory of glass deformation and enhancing the mechanical stability of metallic glasses. However, recent advancements in the deformation mechanisms of metallic glasses have predominantly leaned on simulations, as experimentally characterizing the amorphous phases and nanoscale volumes within shear bands comes with substantial challenges. The lack of experimental observations concerning the structures implicated in the deformation of metallic glasses has restricted research findings to a hypothetical level, stalling the progress in novel material development.
This thesis focuses on an experimental investigation of deformed structures of metallic glasses using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques, particularly four-dimensional (4D) scanning-TEM (STEM). The study incorporates methodological advancements, such as developing correlative mapping of nanoscale strain fields and atomic packing structure of glasses using 4D-STEM and Lorentz 4D-STEM, enabling the correlation of atomic structure and magnetic information. Machine learning analysis is applied to extract principal and correlated information from the 4D-STEM dataset. This development allows for direct experimental observations and detailed examination of the deformed structures in metallic glasses. The research outcomes establish an experimental foundation for understanding the formation of an individual shear band and the multiplication of shear bands. This is achieved through direct observations of strain concentrations, shear bands, shear band-affected zones (SBAZs), and local heterogeneity within a deformed glass matrix. Structure-property correlations in metallic glasses are discussed based on these microscopic observations. This new methodology is expected to open up extensive research possibilities for addressing questions in amorphous materials.
Additional file 1 of In-depth analysis of T2Bacteria positive results in patients with concurrent negative blood culture: a case series
Creators: name: Kalligeros, Markos
name: Zacharioudakis, Ioannis M.
name: Tansarli, Giannoula S.
name: Tori, Katerina
name: Shehadeh, Fadi
name: Mylonakis, Eleftherios
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1 Table S1: Sequence of clinical cultures and antibiotics used during the hospitalization course of patients with probable BSI. Table S2: Sequence of clinical cultures and antibiotics used during the hospitalization course of patients with possible BSI. Table S3: Sequence of clinical cultures and antibiotics used during the hospitalization course of patients with presumptive false positive results
Probing Light Gauge Bosons in Tau Neutrino Experiments
Creators: name: Kling, Felix
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The tau neutrino is probably the least studied particle in the SM, with only a handful of interaction events being identified so far. This can in part be attributed to their small production rate in the SM, which occurs mainly through D_s meson decay. However, this also makes the tau neutrino flux measurement an interesting laboratory for additional new physics production modes. In this study, we investigate the possibility of tau neutrino production in the decay of light vector bosons. We consider four scenarios of anomaly-free U(1) gauge groups corresponding to the B-L, B-L_mu-2L_tau, B-L_e-2L_tau and B-3L_tau numbers, analyze current constraints on their parameter spaces and explore the sensitivity of DONuT and as well as the future emulsion detector experiments FASERnu, SND@LHC an SND@SHiP. We find that these experiments provide the leading direct constraints in parts of the parameter space, especially when the vector boson's mass is close to the mass of the omega meson.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures, updated version as published in PRD
title: Optimization of the electric field microsensor design based on FEM simulations
Creators: name: Traxler, Georg
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: FEM simulation
subject: electric field sensor
subject: electrostatics

description: In modern life, magnetic sensors are widely spread and based on many different principles. The miniaturized types like the GMR were first developed only for hard disk drives but triggered science applications in biology and medicine where they, e.g., allow detecting magnetic nano- and microbeads that are labeled with specific antibodies. In contrast to this, one can hardly find any electric field sensors. This is mainly because sensors need electrical conducting leads that disturb dramatically the electric field. The existing electric field sensors are limited in their applications due to their large and complex mechanical configurations. This lack of sensors is responsible for the insufficient knowledge about the interaction of electric fields with organisms or about their generation of fields. The treated novel electric field sensing principle uses micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology with an optical readout to achieve a very small device that will enable mobile and precise measurements. At the end, this sensor will allow devices that could warn against thunderstorms or electrostatic discharges, and measure electric fields caused by animals and plants. Within the scope of this diploma thesis, the design of the MEMS transducer is optimized in order to maximize the sensitivity to electric fields and to minimize the risk of failure during the fabrication. Based on FEM simulations, various important characteristics are found and considered in the development of new chip designs. The novel geometries are implemented into the existing Python-code for generating the lithography masks of the individual layers. The fabrication of the new designs revealed further problems which should be considered in the development of the next chip generations.
Holographic entropy bound from gravitational Fock space truncation
Creators: name: Aste, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simplified derivation of Yurtsever's result, which states that the entropy of a truncated bosonic Fock space is given by a holographic bound when the energy of the Fock states is constrained gravitationally, is given for asymptotically flat spacetimes with arbitrary dimension d greater or equal to four. For this purpose, a scalar field confined to a spherical volume in d-dimensional spacetime is considered. Imposing an upper bound on the total energy of the corresponding Fock states which ensures that the system is in a stable configuration against gravitational collapse and imposing a cutoff on the maximum energy of the field modes of the order of the Planck energy leads to an entropy bound of holographic type. A simple derivation of the entropy bound is also given for the fermionic case.
description: 5 pages, Latex (incl. style file), minor typos corrected
The Smallest SU($N$) Hadrons
Creators: name: Profumo, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If new physics contains new, heavy strongly-interacting particles belonging to irreducible representations of SU(3) different from the adjoint or the (anti)fundamental, it is a non-trivial question to calculate what is the minimum number of quarks/antiquarks/gluons needed to form a color-singlet bound state ("hadron"), or, perturbatively, to form a gauge-invariant operator, with the new particle. Here, I prove that for an SU(3) irreducible representation with Dynkin label $(p,q)$, the minimal number of quarks needed to form a product that includes the (0,0) representation is $2p+q$. I generalize this result to SU($N$), with $N>3$. I also calculate the minimal total number of quarks/antiquarks/gluons that, bound to a new particle in the $(p,q)$ representation, give a color-singlet state, or, equivalently, the smallest-dimensional gauge-invariant operator that includes quark/antiquark/gluon fields and the new strongly-interacting matter field. Finally, I list all possible values of the electric charge of the smallest hadrons containing the new exotic particles, and discuss constraints from asymptotic freedom both for QCD and for grand unification embeddings thereof.
description: 20 pages, 2 figures; significantly expanded and revised version, to appear in Physical Review D
title: Bewertung einheimischer gegenüber exotischer Pflanzen als Nahrungsressource für Insekten auf städtischen Grünflächen
Creators: name: Lerch, Doris
Publisher: name: UNSPECIFIED
Year: 2024

description: Insektensterben und Biodiversitätsverlust sind mittlerweile Begriffe, mit denen wir täglich konfrontiert werden. Dass ein höheres Blütenangebot in öffentlichen Grünflächen den Insekten mehr Nahrung und Lebensraum bieten kann, ist unumstritten. Kontrovers wird allerdings noch die Frage diskutiert, ob heimische Wildpflanzen oder die seit jeher angepflanzten nicht heimischen Zierpflanzen und Sorten die richtige Wahl sind? Ziel unserer Arbeit war es, anhand einer Auswahl von Zier- und Wildstauden die Anzahl der mit den Pflanzen in Wechselbeziehung befindlichen Insekten zu untersuchen. Hierbei erfolgte nicht nur die Erfassung der Blütenbesucher, sondern auch der an den Blättern und Stängeln lebenden Insekten. Im Stadtgebiet Darmstadt wurden auf zehn Flächen mit einer Größe von je neun Quadratmetern 18 Pflanzenarten angepflanzt. Sie repräsentierten sechs heimische Wildpflanzenarten, sechs mit den Wildpflanzen verwandte Zierpflanzenarten und sechs exotische Zierpflanzenarten. Während der Hauptblüte der einzelnen Arten erfolgte in einem 10-minütigen Beobachtungszeitraum die Erfassung sämtlicher Blütenbesucher. Heimische Insekten, die sich nur von Pollen und Nektar ernähren, besuchten signifikant häufiger die Wildstauden. Diese Besuche erfolgten mit einem Anteil von 67 % auf den Wildstauden gegenüber 24 % auf Zierstauden und 9 % auf Exoten. Die Honigbiene (Apis mellifera) zeigte hingegen keine Präferenzen für eine der drei Pflanzengruppen und interagierte mit anderen Pflanzenarten als die Gruppe der „non-bees“ und die meisten Wildbienen.
Die Auswertung des Blattschadens von je fünf Blättern pro Pflanze und Fläche ergab erneut einen signifikanten Unterschied zwischen den Wildstauden, den Zierstauden und den Exoten. Im Schnitt wurden die Wildpflanzenblätter zu 2,3 % angefressen, die Blätter der Zierstauden zu 0,8 % und die Exotenblätter zu 0,1 %.
Die Studie weist darauf hin, dass heimische Wildpflanzen auf städtischen Grünflächen stärker als Nahrungsressource für blütenbesuchende und blattfressende Insekten genutzt werden als nah verwandte und exotische Zierpflanzen.
A nonlinear weak constraint enforcement method for advection-dominated diffusion problems
Creators: name: Cier, Roberto J.
name: Rojas, Sergio
name: Calo, Victor M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We devise a stabilized method to weakly enforce bound constraints in the discrete solution of advection-dominated diffusion problems. This method combines a nonlinear penalty formulation with a discontinuous Galerkin-based residual minimization method. We illustrate the efficiency of this scheme for both uniform and adaptive meshes through proper numerical examples.
Massenflucht aus dem Kosovo: Ein schlingernder Staat verliert seine Bürger
Creators: name: Möllers, Judith
name: Arapi-Gjini, Arjola
name: Xhema, Sherif
name: Herzfeld, Thomas
name: Möllers, Judith
name: Arapi-Gjini, Arjola
name: Xhema, Sherif
name: Herzfeld, Thomas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Labor and Human Capital

description: Im Winter 2014/15 kam es zu einem beachtlichen Exodus aus dem Kosovo. Diese Massenmigration hat Auswirkungen nicht nur im Kosovo, sondern auch in den Zielländern, und sie wirft Fragen nach den Auslösern und möglichen Implikationen auf. Der vorliegende Policy Brief identifiziert und analysiert Antriebskräfte und einige Besonderheiten dieses Phänomens. Hauptauslöser der Massenmigration ist aus unserer Sicht ein Staatsversagen. Der große Enthusiasmus und die Hoffnungen der jungen kosovarischen Nation konnten nicht aufrechterhalten und erfolgreich in eine nachhaltige Entwicklung umgewandelt werden. Vielmehr hat sich eine hohe Frustration über die politische Kaste und die vorherrschende Vetternwirtschaft und Korruption angestaut, die selbst die Mittelschicht in die Emigration treibt. Der Migrationsansturm wurde zusätzlich durch erleichterte Reisebedingungen und Gerüchte, z. B. über unkomplizierte Asylregelungen, angetrieben, die einen regelrechten Schneeballeffekt auslösten. Den politischen Entscheidungsträgern in der EU empfehlen wir einen gelassenen und bedachten Umgang mit der Massenmigration. Änderungen in den Asyl- und Visaregelungen sind angeraten, erfordern aber eine kluge zeitliche Abfolge der Umsetzung. Legale, möglicherweise temporäre Migrationsmöglichkeiten sollten in Betracht gezogen werden, um eine unerwünschte Krisensituation im Kosovo nicht zu verstärken. Im Kosovo selbst müssen als Antwort auf die Abwanderung endlich bestehende Strukturen aufgebrochen und die Korruption bekämpft werden, denn nur leistungsfähige Institutionen und funktionierende Sozialsysteme können dem Land helfen, den wirtschaftlichen Stillstand und die Perspektivlosigkeit zu überwinden.
Testing the Robustness of AutoML Systems
Creators: name: Halvari, Tuomas
name: Nurminen, Jukka K.
name: Mikkonen, Tommi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Automated machine learning (AutoML) systems aim at finding the best machine learning (ML) pipeline that automatically matches the task and data at hand. We investigate the robustness of machine learning pipelines generated with three AutoML systems, TPOT, H2O, and AutoKeras. In particular, we study the influence of dirty data on accuracy, and consider how using dirty training data may help create more robust solutions. Furthermore, we also analyze how the structure of the generated pipelines differs in different cases.
description: In Proceedings AREA 2020, arXiv:2007.11260
Path Integral Approach to 't Hooft's Derivation of Quantum from Classical Physics
Creators: name: Blasone, Massimo
name: Jizba, Petr
name: Kleinert, Hagen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a path-integral formulation of 't Hooft's derivation of quantum from classical physics. The crucial ingredient of this formulation is Gozzi et al.'s supersymmetric path integral of classical mechanics. We quantize explicitly two simple classical systems: the planar mathematical pendulum and the Roessler dynamical system.
description: 29 pages, RevTeX, revised version with minor changes, accepted to Phys. Rev. A
Quantum-Enhanced Velocimetry with Doppler-Broadened Atomic Vapor
Creators: name: Chen, Zilong
name: Lim, Hong Ming
name: Huang, Chang
name: Dumke, Rainer
name: Lan, Shau-Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Traditionally, measuring the center-of-mass (c.m.) velocity of an atomic ensemble relies on measuring the Doppler shift of the absorption spectrum of single atoms in the ensemble. Mapping out the velocity distribution of the ensemble is indispensable when determining the c.m. velocity using this technique. As a result, highly sensitive measurements require preparation of an ensemble with a narrow Doppler width. Here, we use a dispersive measurement of light passing through a moving room temperature atomic vapor cell to determine the velocity of the cell in a single shot with a short-term sensitivity of 5.5 $μ$m s$^{-1}$ Hz$^{-1/2}$. The dispersion of the medium is enhanced by creating quantum interference through an auxiliary transition for the probe light under electromagnetically induced transparency condition. In contrast to measurement of single atoms, this method is based on the collective motion of atoms and can sense the c.m. velocity of an ensemble without knowing its velocity distribution. Our results improve the previous measurements by 3 orders of magnitude and can be used to design a compact motional sensor based on thermal atoms.
Grad-Shafranov Approach To Axisymmetric Stationary Flows In Astrophysics
Creators: name: Beskin, V. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: My lecture is devoted to the analytical results available for a large class of axisymmetric stationary flows in the vicinity of compact astrophysical objects. First, the most general case is formulated corresponding to the axisymmetric stationary MHD flow in the Kerr metric. Then, I discuss the hydrodynamical version of the Grad-Shafranov equation. Although not so well-known as the full MHD one, it allows us to clarify the nontrivial structure of the Grad-Shafranov approach as well as to discuss the simplest version of the 3+1-split language -- the most convenient one for the description of ideal flows in the vicinity of rotating black holes. Finally, I consider several examples that demonstrate how this approach can be used to obtain the quantitative description of the real transonic flows in the vicinity of rotating and moving black holes.
description: To appear in Proc. Workshop `Black Hole Astrophysics 2004', Pohang, S. Korea, 2004 Jan 13-16 (World Scientific)
QQ-system and Weyl-type transfer matrices in integrable SO(2r) spin chains
Creators: name: Ferrando, Gwenaël
name: Frassek, Rouven
name: Kazakov, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose the full system of Baxter Q-functions (QQ-system) for the integrable spin chains with the symmetry of the $D_r$ Lie algebra. We use this QQ-system to derive new Weyl-type formulas expressing transfer matrices in all symmetric and antisymmetric (fundamental) representations through $r+1$ basic Q-functions. Our functional relations are consistent with the Q-operators proposed recently by one of the authors and verified explicitly on the level of operators at small finite length.
description: 42 pages, 9 Figures; v2: typos fixed, references added; v3: references added, section 9 improved
Cartesian Genetic Programming Approach for Designing Convolutional Neural Networks
Creators: name: Krzywda, Maciej
name: Łukasik, Szymon
name: H, Amir Gandomi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The present study covers an approach to neural architecture search (NAS) using Cartesian genetic programming (CGP) for the design and optimization of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). In designing artificial neural networks, one crucial aspect of the innovative approach is suggesting a novel neural architecture. Currently used architectures have mostly been developed manually by human experts, which is a time-consuming and error-prone process. In this work, we use pure Genetic Programming Approach to design CNNs, which employs only one genetic operation, i.e., mutation. In the course of preliminary experiments, our methodology yields promising results.
Equity and the convergence of nationally determined climate policies
Creators: name: Bretschger, Lucas
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2016
Subjects: Climate policy
Equity
Climate agreements
Social welfare
info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/330
info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/333.7
Economics
Natural resources, energy and environment

description: Economics Working Paper Series, 16/246
Fermion Scattering off a CP-violating Bubble Wall in the Background of a Uniform Magnetic Field
Creators: name: Campanelli, L.
name: Fogli, G. L.
name: Tedesco, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the scenario of the electroweak baryogenesis we consider the dynamics of fermions with a spatially varying mass in presence of a CP-violating bubble wall and a uniform magnetic field perpendicular to the wall. The relevant quantity for baryogenesis, $R_{R \to L} - R_{L \to R}$, is studied ($R_{R \to L}$ and $R_{L \to R}$ being the reflection coefficients for right-handed and left-handed chiral fermions, respectively).
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D