cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A robust estimator of mutual information for deep learning interpretability
Creators: name: Piras, Davide
name: Peiris, Hiranya V.
name: Pontzen, Andrew
name: Lucie-Smith, Luisa
name: Guo, Ningyuan
name: Nord, Brian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We develop the use of mutual information (MI), a well-established metric in information theory, to interpret the inner workings of deep learning models. To accurately estimate MI from a finite number of samples, we present GMM-MI (pronounced $``$Jimmie$"$), an algorithm based on Gaussian mixture models that can be applied to both discrete and continuous settings. GMM-MI is computationally efficient, robust to the choice of hyperparameters and provides the uncertainty on the MI estimate due to the finite sample size. We extensively validate GMM-MI on toy data for which the ground truth MI is known, comparing its performance against established mutual information estimators. We then demonstrate the use of our MI estimator in the context of representation learning, working with synthetic data and physical datasets describing highly non-linear processes. We train deep learning models to encode high-dimensional data within a meaningful compressed (latent) representation, and use GMM-MI to quantify both the level of disentanglement between the latent variables, and their association with relevant physical quantities, thus unlocking the interpretability of the latent representation. We make GMM-MI publicly available.
description: 30 pages, 8 figures. Minor changes to match version accepted for publication in Machine Learning: Science and Technology. GMM-MI available at https://github.com/dpiras/GMM-MI
Systems of the Kowalevski type and discriminantly separable polynomials
Creators: name: Dragovic, Vladimir
name: Kukic, Katarina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37J35, 37K60 (70E17, 70E40, 39A10)

description: Starting from the notion of discriminantly separable polynomials of degree two in each of three variables, we construct a class of integrable dynamical systems. These systems can be integrated explicitly in genus two theta-functions in a procedure which is similar to the classical one for the Kowalevski top. The discriminnatly separable polynomials play the role of the Kowalevski fundamental equation. The natural examples include the Sokolov systems and the Jurdjevic elasticae.
description: 29 pages, 0 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1106.5770
Optical spectroscopy of single SI nanocylinders with magnetic and electric resonances
Creators: name: Evlyukhin, Andrey B.
name: Eriksen, René L.
name: Cheng, Wei
name: Beermann, Jonas
name: Reinhardt, Carsten
name: Petrov, Alexander
name: Prorok, Stefan
name: Eich, Manfred
name: Chichkov, Boris
name: Bozhevolnyi, Sergey I.
Publisher: name: London : Nature Publishing Group
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optical spectroscopy
subject: SI
subject: nanocylinder
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik

description: Resonant electromagnetic properties of nanoparticles fabricated from high-index semiconductor or dielectric materials are very promising for the realization of novel nanoantennas and metamaterials. In this paper we study optical resonances of Si nanocylinders located on a silica substrate. Multipole analysis of the experimental scattering spectra, based on the decomposed discrete dipole approximation, confirms resonant excitation of electric and magnetic dipole modes in the Si nanocylinders. Influences of light polarization and incident angle on the scattering properties of the nanocylinders are studied. It is shown that the dependence of resonant excitation of the electric and magnetic modes in the nanocylinders on incident angle and polarization of light allows controlling and manipulating the scattered light in this system. The demonstrated properties of Si nanocylinders can be used for the realization of dielectric metasurfaces with different functional optical properties.
Skin and Leather Quality of Ethiopian Indigenous Fat Tailed Hair Sheep as Affected by Breed and Level of Concentrate Supplementation
Creators: name: Urge, Mengistu
name: Ayele, Shashie
name: Animut, Getachew
name: Yusuf, Mohammed
Publisher: name: East African Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences
Year: 2017

description: This study evaluated the potential of three sheep breeds (Blackhead Ogaden (BHO), Horro, and Washera) under two concentrate supplement levels (CSL) (L1= 1% body weight and L2= 1.75% body weight) for quantity and quality of skin and leather production. Forty eight yearling intact sheep, 16 from each genotype (8 per CSL) with average initial weight of 21.3±1.5 kg (mean ±SD) were used in a 3 breed x 2CSL factorial arrangement of treatments in randomized complete block design. The animals were individually fed for 90 days a basal diet of pasture hay ad libitum supplemented with L1 or L2 and slaughtered for skin and leather quality study. Skin weight, length and width were measured. Skins were preserved and processed into leather for physico-chemical analysis. Horro breed produced leather with higher (p<0.05) quality of physical and chemical traits than BHO and Washera sheep. The leather produced from BHO sheep had similar tensile strength with Horro and the amount of loads required to crack and burst the grain layer were the same but larger distensions were recorded for BHO than Horro. Feeding concentrate at the rate of 1.75% body weight produced skin with higher weight, wider area, higher grain strength, and thickness than with 1% with no significance influence on tensile strength, fat content and chrome oxide uptake. In conclusion all the breeds and the two levels of supplementation produced quality leather comparable to the quality standard set by leather institutes.
description: East African Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Vol. 1 No. 2 (2017): East African Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences
Structure and Reactivity of Copper Dipyridyl Carbinol- and Rhenium Diphosphine Complexes
Creators: name: Nichols, Eva Megan
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 2012
Subjects: Dipyridyl carbinol copper alkoxide rhenium diphosphine terphenyl
Chemistry

description: Two series of terphenyl-based ligands were designed and synthesized, and the reactivity of their transition metal complexes was examined in the context of small molecule activation.

Ligands bearing pyridyl donors and pendant hydroxyl groups were synthesized in order to accommodate multiple copper centers with varying steric environments. Copper(I) complexes of these ligands were prepared and characterized, in which copper is coordinated only via the pyridyl nitrogen donors. Treatment of the Cu(I) species with O2 or deprotonation of the ligand followed by metallation with Cu(II) generates multinuclear copper cores supported by bridging alkoxides. Mono-, di-, tetra-, and hexanuclear copper complexes have been synthesized by changing the protonation state and backbone geometry of the ligand. The resulting copper complexes have been characterized by a variety of techniques including single-crystal X-ray diffraction and 1H NMR spectroscopy.

Rhenium(I) carbonyl coordination chemistry was explored using a series of terphenyl diphosphine ligands with varying steric properties and substituents. Structural differences between complexes of the meta and para ligand variants have been characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction and 31P-NMR spectroscopy. Cyclic voltammetry studies reveal differences in redox properties, though neither complex appears to exhibit catalytic activity under CO2. Subsequently, we investigate the chemistry of rhenium complexes of 2-methoxy-5-tert-butyl- or 2-methoxy-5- dimethylamino modified ligands.
Analytical results for the four-loop RG functions in the 2D non-linear O(n) σ-model on the lattice
Creators: name: Veretin, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We recalculate four-loop renormalization group functions in 2-dimensional nonlinear O(n) σ-model using coordinate-space method. The high accuracy of calculation allow us to find the analytical form of β- and γ-function (anomaluos dimension).
description: 4 pages
Lilium bulbiferum
Creators: name: Becherer
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1956
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy

description: L.bulbiferum L. ssp.croceum (Chaix) Are. (L. aurantiacum Weston,L. croceum Chaix) Cat. 347 und 431. Vgl. Mariétan Lit. 1939a, S.41-42. 2: Isières ob Ardon (Beauverd, Mariétan); La Routia (Mariétan); Alp Vertsan, 1690-1900 m (Oberson); linke Seite des Tales der Lizerne, vielfach; Châteauneuf, auf der rechten Seite der Morge, 492m, 1936 zwei Exemplare, herabgeschwemmt; Daillon; Pomeyron; ehemaliger Bisse von Savièse, mehrfach; Montorge bei Sitten (alles: Mariétan). - 3: Mont-Chemin (Cavin, ohne Jahr, in herb. Conserv. Bot., Genf); zu bestätigen (aufzusuchen am ehesten südlich und östlich von Chemin im Gebiet gegen Bovernier-Les Trappistes). - 3a:Die Favreschen Angaben können wie mgr ergänzt werden: «Schlötteren» am Krummbach unterhalb Simplon-Dorf (Becherer); im Laggintal zwischen dem Biel und Hohmatten (Bechererund Arnold); in der Gondoschlucht auch bei Gabi (Becherer); Figenen (Arnold); an der Simplonstrasse zwischen Gondo und der italienischen Grenze (Becherer);' Zwischbergental: beim Biel, in Mähwiesen (B. B. T. Z.); zwischen der Katzhalde und der Furgge, ebenfalls in Mähwiesen (Becherer); im hintersten Teil des Tales ob der Gmeinalp am Weg zur Bockfluhalp, etwa 1920 m (idem). - 4: Aufzusuchen in der Gegend von Grengiols: hier nach mündlicher Angabe eines Ortsansässigen einmal an einem buschigen Rain blühend festgestellt (Mitteilung von E. Thommen 1946).
description: Published as part of Becherer, 1956, Florae Vallesiacae Supplementum, pp. 1-556 in Denkschriften der Schweizerischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 71 on pages 1-556
title: Multi-Camera Surveillance System for Time and Motion Studies of Timber Harvesting Operations
Creators: name: Freitas, Rafael
Publisher: name: University of Kentucky Libraries
Year: 2019

description: Timber harvesting is an important activity in the state of Kentucky; however, there is still a lack of information about the procedure used by the local loggers. The stump to landing transport of logs with skidders is often the most expensive and time-consuming task in timber harvesting operations. This thesis evaluated the feasibility of using a multi-camera system for time and motion studies of timber harvesting operations. It was installed in 5 skidders in 3 different harvesting sites in Kentucky. The time stamped video provided accurate time consumption data for each work phase of the skidders, which was used to fit linear regressions and find the influence of skidding distance, skid-trail gradient, and load size on skidding time. The multi-camera systems were found to be a reliable tool for time and motion studies in timber harvesting sites. Six different time equations and two speed equations were fitted for skidding cycles and sections of skid-trails, for skidders that are both loaded and unloaded. Skid-trail gradient and load size did not have an influence on skidding time. There is a need for future studies of different variables that could affect skidding time and, consequently, cost.
description: Copyright © Rafael Luiz Santos de Freitas 2019
description: Funding information: Fully funded by the Department of Forestry and Natural Resources of the University of Kentucky.
Assessment of Gastrointestinal Tract Parasites of Equines in Asella Town, Ethiopia
Creators: name: Nigusu, Kifle
name: Mohammed, Teyar
Publisher: name: East African Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences
Year: 2017

description: A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2011 up to March 2012 in Asella district, Ethiopia to estimate the prevalence of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) parasite and to identify the association of infection with species, sex, age and body condition of equines. The GIT parasites were examined by using quantitative and qualitative faecal analysis methods. Overall prevalence of the parasites was 53.5% (48.5-58.5). There was a significant (p<0.05) variation in frequency of infection between horses (73.93%), donkey (37.1%) and mule (28.9%). Out of the 214 faecal samples examined by McMaster Egg counting technique, 85.5, 10.28 and 4.2% were heavily, moderately and mildly infected, respectively. Strongyle type eggs were prevalent with a frequency of 50.9% in horse, 41.07% in donkey and 45.45% in mule. Trichonema spp. (2.9%) and Anoplocephala spp. (3.8%) in horses; Fasciola spp. (3.6%) and Triodontophorus spp. (3.6%) in donkeys; and first stage larvae of Dictyocaulus in mules were the least prevalent parasites. Gastrointestinal tract parasite prevalence was influenced by species (p<0.05), whereas sex, age and body condition did not show statistically significant association (p>0.05) with infection. Mean egg count was not affected by these risk factors. In conclusion, the study revealed that the occurrence of gastrointestinal tract parasite in equines in Asella town is a common phenomenon. As a result, awareness creation to the animal owners and proper deworming and prevention mechanisms should be implemented to reduce the burden of the infection.
description: East African Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Vol. 1 No. 2 (2017): East African Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences
Comparison of in situ and ex situ methods for synthesis of two-photon polymerization polymer nanocomposites
Creators: name: Guo, Qingchuan
name: Ghadiri, Reza
name: Weigel, Thomas
name: Aumann, Andreas
name: Gurevich, Evgeny L.
name: Esen, Cemal
name: Medenbach, Olaf
name: Cheng, Wei
name: Chichkov, Boris
name: Ostendorf, Andreas
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI AG
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: 3-dimensional (3D) structures
subject: High refractive index
subject: Two-photon polymerization (2PP)
subject: Photons
subject: Polymerization
subject: Refractive index
subject: 3-dimensional
subject: Optical transparency
subject: Polymer nanocomposite
subject: Polymer/TiO
subject: Preparation procedures
subject: Three-dimensional structure
subject: Two photon polymerization
subject: Nanocomposites
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::540 | Chemie

description: This article reports about nanocomposites, which refractive index is tuned by adding TiO2 nanoparticles. We compare in situ/ex situ preparation of nanocomposites. Preparation procedure is described, properties of nanocomposites are compared, and especially we examine the applicability of two-photon polymerization (2PP) of synthesized nanocomposites. All prepared samples exhibit suitable optical transparency at specific laser wavelengths. Three-dimensional structures were generated by means of two-photon polymerization effect induced by a femtosecond laser.
Dynamical singularity of the rate function for quench dynamics in finite-size quantum systems
Creators: name: Zeng, Yumeng
name: Zhou, Bozhen
name: Chen, Shu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamical quantum phase transition is characterized by the emergence of nonanalytic behaviors in the rate function, corresponding to the occurrence of exact zero points of the Loschmidt echo in the thermodynamical limit. In general, exact zeros of the Loschmidt echo are not accessible in a finite-size quantum system except for some fine-tuned quench parameters. In this work, we study the realization of the dynamical singularity of the rate function for finite-size systems under the twist boundary condition, which can be introduced by applying a magnetic flux. By tuning the magnetic flux, we illustrate that exact zeros of the Loschmidt echo can be always achieved when the postquench parameter is across the underlying equilibrium phase transition point, and thus the rate function of a finite-size system is divergent at a series of critical times. We demonstrate our theoretical scheme by calculating the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model and the Creutz model in detail and exhibit its applicability to more general cases. Our result unveils that the emergence of dynamical singularity in the rate function can be viewed as a signature for detecting dynamical quantum phase transition in finite-size systems. We also unveil that the critical times in our theoretical scheme are independent on the systems size, and thus it provides a convenient way to determine the critical times by tuning the magnetic flux to achieve the dynamical singularity of the rate function.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures
Classification of Segments in PolSAR Imagery by Minimum Stochastic Distances Between Wishart Distributions
Creators: name: da Silva, Wagner Barreto
name: Freitas, Corina da Costa
name: Sant'Anna, Sidnei João Siqueira
name: Frery, Alejandro C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A new classifier for Polarimetric SAR (PolSAR) images is proposed and assessed in this paper. Its input consists of segments, and each one is assigned the class which minimizes a stochastic distance. Assuming the complex Wishart model, several stochastic distances are obtained from the h-phi family of divergences, and they are employed to derive hypothesis test statistics that are also used in the classification process. This article also presents, as a novelty, analytic expressions for the test statistics based on the following stochastic distances between complex Wishart models: Kullback-Leibler, Bhattacharyya, Hellinger, Rényi, and Chi-Square; also, the test statistic based on the Bhattacharyya distance between multivariate Gaussian distributions is presented. The classifier performance is evaluated using simulated and real PolSAR data. The simulated data are based on the complex Wishart model, aiming at the analysis of the proposal well controlled data. The real data refer to the complex L-band image, acquired during the 1994 SIR-C mission. The results of the proposed classifier are compared with those obtained by a Wishart per-pixel/contextual classifier, and we show the better performance of the region-based classification. The influence of the statistical modeling is assessed by comparing the results using the Bhattacharyya distance between multivariate Gaussian distributions for amplitude data. The results with simulated data indicate that the proposed classification method has a very good performance when the data follow the Wishart model. The proposed classifier also performs better than the per-pixel/contextual classifier and the Bhattacharyya Gaussian distance using SIR-C PolSAR data.
description: Accepted for publication on the IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing
Additional file 1 of Additional value of cardiac magnetic resonance feature tracking parameters for the evaluation of the arrhythmic risk in patients with mitral valve prolapse
Creators: name: Guglielmo, Marco
name: Arangalage, Dimitri
name: Bonino, Marco Augusto
name: Angelini, Gianmarco
name: Bonanni, Michela
name: Pontone, Gianluca
name: Pascale, Patrizio
name: Leo, Laura Anna
name: Faletra, Francesco
name: Schwitter, Jurg
name: Pedrazzini, Giovanni
name: Monney, Pierre
name: Pavon, Anna Giulia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. steady-state-free precessioncine image of a 3-chamber view, the presence on MADin highlighted with a red arrow. MAD: mitral-annular disjunction. Figure S2. Considering the literature CMR evaluation in patients with suspicion of arrhythmic MVP includes the detection of MAD and curling in cine images, the presence of macroscopic fibrosis in LGE and the quantification of mitral regurgitation in 2D-phase contrast sequences of 4D flow, if available. The presence of interstitial fibrosisas well as the role of myocardial deformation by CMR feature tracking as possible marker of risk stratification are currently being evaluated.
Cooper pair transfer in nuclei
Creators: name: Potel, G.
name: Idini, A.
name: Barranco, F.
name: Vigezzi, E.
name: Broglia, R. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The second order DWBA implementation of two-particle transfer direct reactions which includes simultaneous and successive transfer, properly corrected by non-orthogonality effects is tested with the help of controlled nuclear structure and reaction inputs against data spanning the whole mass table, and showed to constitute a quantitative probe of nuclear pairing correlations.
Optically trapped probes with nanometer-scale tips for femto-Newton force measurement
Creators: name: Pollard, M.R.
name: Botchway, S.W.
name: Chichkov, Boris
name: Freeman, E.
name: Halsall, R.N.J.
name: Jenkins, D.W.K.
name: Loader, I.
name: Ovsianikov, A.
name: Parker, A.W.
name: Stevens, R.
name: Turchetta, R.
name: Ward, A.D.
name: Towrie, M.
Publisher: name: Bristol : IOP Publishing Ltd.
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Biological cells
subject: Laser radiation field
subject: Nano-meter-scale
subject: Optical trap
subject: Sensitive components
subject: Transparent objects
subject: Two photon polymerization
subject: Electron beams
subject: Probes
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: We describe the development of a novel force probe, controlled by multiple optical traps, with a nanometer-scale tip that protrudes outside the direct laser radiation field. We have measured forces to an accuracy of 240 fN, which enables future experiments that probe photo-sensitive components (such as biological cells) and non-transparent objects. The probes were produced using two methods, electron beam lithography and two-photon polymerization, with the latter providing approximately twice as much trapping stiffness.
3D printed microfluidic lab-on-a-chip device for fiber-based dual beam optical manipulation
Creators: name: Wang, Haoran
name: Enders, Anton
name: Preuss, John-Alexander
name: Bahnemann, Janina
name: Heisterkamp, Alexander
name: Torres-Mapa, Maria Leilani
Publisher: name: [London] : Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 3D printing
subject: lab-on-a-chip
subject: optical fiber
subject: fiber channel design
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: 3D printing of microfluidic lab-on-a-chip devices enables rapid prototyping of robust and complex structures. In this work, we designed and fabricated a 3D printed lab-on-a-chip device for fiber-based dual beam optical manipulation. The final 3D printed chip offers three key features, such as (1) an optimized fiber channel design for precise alignment of optical fibers, (2) an optically clear window to visualize the trapping region, and (3) a sample channel which facilitates hydrodynamic focusing of samples. A square zig–zag structure incorporated in the sample channel increases the number of particles at the trapping site and focuses the cells and particles during experiments when operating the chip at low Reynolds number. To evaluate the performance of the device for optical manipulation, we implemented on-chip, fiber-based optical trapping of different-sized microscopic particles and performed trap stiffness measurements. In addition, optical stretching of MCF-7 cells was successfully accomplished for the purpose of studying the effects of a cytochalasin metabolite, pyrichalasin H, on cell elasticity. We observed distinct changes in the deformability of single cells treated with pyrichalasin H compared to untreated cells. These results demonstrate that 3D printed microfluidic lab-on-a-chip devices offer a cost-effective and customizable platform for applications in optical manipulation.
Probing interneuronal cell communication via optogenetic stimulation
Creators: name: Heeger, Patrick
name: Harre, Jennifer
name: Warnecke, Athanasia
name: Mueller, Dominik
name: Kalies, Stefan
name: Heisterkamp, Alexander
Publisher: name: Weinheim : Wiley VCH
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs)
subject: cortex neurons (CNs)
subject: channelrhodopsin variant (CheRiff)
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::610 | Medizin, Gesundheit

description: This study uses an all-optical approach to probe interneuronal communication between spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) and neurons of other functional units, in this case cortex neurons (CNs) and hippocampus neurons (HNs), for the first time. We combined a channelrhodopsin variant (CheRiff) with a red genetically encoded calcium indicator (jRCaMP1a), enabling simultaneous optical stimulation and recording from spatially separated small neuronal populations. Stimulation of SGNs was possible with both optogenetic manipulated HNs and CNs, respectively. Furthermore, a dependency on the pulse duration of the stimulating light in regard to the evoked calcium response in the SGNs was also observed. Our results pave the way to enable innovative technologies based on “biohybrid” systems utilizing the functional interaction between different biological (eg, neural) systems. This can enable improved treatment of neurological and sensorineural disorders such as hearing loss.
Nested PCR and its Comparison with other Diagnostic Test in the Diagnosis of Paratuberculosis (Johne’s Disease) in Goats
Creators: name: K., Karthik
name: P., Das
name: Zeryehun, Tesfaheywet
Publisher: name: East African Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences
Year: 2017

description: Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) causes Johne’s disease (JD) in ruminants. There are many methods for diagnosis of Johne’s disease in goats. Among these, bacterial isolation was still considered as reference standard for diagnosis of JD in spite of its long turn over time. Molecular targets like IS900 were routinely used for diagnosis, since it is present only in MAP. But lately presence of IS900 like sequence in closely related members of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) make IS900 based PCR a less sensitive method. Therefore, IS900 PCR positive sample should be confirmed by PCR assay targeting another gene within the genome of the organism. This led to the discovery of f57 gene, which is unique to this organism and not present in other members of MAC. The present study was carried out to evaluate the nested PCR method (targeting IS900 & f57 gene) to diagnose Johne’s disease in goats. The efficacy of this nested PCR was compared with other serological tests like agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) and absorbed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Out of the 265 goat faecal and sera samples, positive results were; AGID 36 (13.59%); absorbed ELISA 51 (19.25%) and nested PCR 58 (21.88%). This nested PCR was also compared with intra-dermal Johnin test in 65 animals, of which, positive results recorded were; Johnin test 21 (32%) and nested PCR 28 (43%). The nested PCR showed higher sensitivity compared to other diagnostic tests. Hence, this method can be used for diagnosis of clinical and sub clinical JD in goats.
description: East African Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Vol. 1 No. 2 (2017): East African Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences
Record-Breaking Avalanches in Driven Threshold Systems
Creators: name: Shcherbakov, Robert
name: Davidsen, Jörn
name: Tiampo, Kristy F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Record-breaking avalanches generated by the dynamics of several driven nonlinear threshold models are studied. Such systems are characterized by intermittent behavior, where slow buildup of energy is punctuated by an abrupt release of energy through avalanche events which usually follow scale invariant statistics. From the simulations of these systems it is possible to extract sequences of record-breaking avalanches, where each subsequent record-breaking event is larger in magnitude than all previous events. In the present work, several cellular automata are analyzed among them the sandpile model, Manna model, Olami-Feder-Christensen (OFC) model, and the forest-fire model to investigate the record-breaking statistics of model avalanches which exhibit temporal and spatial correlations. Several statistical measures of record-breaking events are derived analytically and confirmed through numerical simulations. The statistics of record-breaking avalanches for the four models are compared to that of record-breaking events extracted from the sequences of independent identically distributed (\emph{i.i.d.}) random variables. It is found that the statistics of record-breaking avalanches for the above cellular automata exhibit behavior different from that observed for \emph{i.i.d.} random variables which in turn can be used to characterize complex spatio-temporal dynamics. The most pronounced deviations are observed in the case of the OFC model with a strong dependence on the conservation parameter of the model. This indicates that avalanches in the OFC model are not independent and exhibit spatio-temporal correlations.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures, accepted in Phys Rev E (2013)
Fick-Jacobs description and first passage dynamics for diffusion in a channel under stochastic resetting
Creators: name: Jain, Siddharth
name: Boyer, Denis
name: Pal, Arnab
name: Dagdug, Leonardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transport of particles through channels is of paramount importance in physics, chemistry and surface science due to its broad real world applications. Much insights can be gained by observing the transition paths of a particle through a channel and collecting statistics on the lifetimes in the channel or the escape probabilities from the channel. In this paper, we consider the diffusive transport through a narrow conical channel of a Brownian particle subject to intermittent dynamics, namely, stochastic resetting. As such, resetting brings the particle back to a desired location from where it resumes its diffusive phase. To this end, we extend the Fick-Jacobs theory of channel-facilitated diffusive transport to resetting-induced transport. Exact expressions for the conditional mean first passage times, escape probabilities and the total average lifetime in the channel are obtained, and their behaviour as a function of the resetting rate are highlighted. It is shown that resetting can expedite the transport through the channel -- rigorous constraints for such conditions are then illustrated. Furthermore, we observe that a carefully chosen resetting rate can render the average lifetime of the particle inside the channel minimal. Interestingly, the optimal rate undergoes continuous and discontinuous transitions as some relevant system parameters are varied. The validity of our one-dimensional analysis and the corresponding theoretical predictions are supported by three-dimensional Brownian dynamics simulations. We thus believe that resetting can be useful to facilitate particle transport across biological membranes -- a phenomena that can spearhead further theoretical and experimental studies.
Fixed field alternating gradient
Creators: name: Machida, Shinji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The concept of a fixed field alternating gradient (FFAG) accelerator was invented in the 1950s. Although many studies were carried out up to the late 1960s, there has been relatively little progress until recently, when it received widespread attention as a type of accelerator suitable for very fast acceleration and for generating high-power beams. In this paper, we describe the principles and design procedure of a FFAG accelerator.
description: presented at the CERN Accelerator School CAS 2011: High Power Hadron Machines, Bilbao, 24 May - 2 June 2011
Muscle contraction and the elasticity-mediated crosstalk effect
Creators: name: Dharan, Nadiv
name: Farago, Oded
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Cooperative action of molecular motors is essential for many cellular processes. One possible regulator of motor coordination is the elasticity-mediated crosstalk (EMC) coupling between myosin II motors whose origin is the tensile stress that they collectively generate in actin filaments. Here, we use a statistical mechanical analysis to investigate the influence of the EMC effect on the sarcomere - the basic contractile unit of skeletal muscles. We demonstrate that the EMC effect leads to an increase in the attachment probability of motors located near the end of the sarcomere while, simultaneously, decreasing the attachment probability of the motors in the central part. Such a polarized attachment probability would impair the motors ability to cooperate efficiently. Interestingly, this undesired phenomenon becomes significant only when the system size exceeds that of the sarcomere in skeletal muscles, which provides an explanation for the remarkable lack of sarcomere variability in vertebrates. Another phenomenon that we investigate is the recently observed increase in the duty ratio of the motors with the tension in muscle. We reveal that the celebrated Hill's equation for muscle contraction is very closely related to this observation.
description: Accepted for publication in PRE
Layer transfer from chemically etched 150 mm porous si substrates
Creators: name: Terheiden, Barbara
name: Hensen, Jan
name: Wolf, Andreas
name: Horbelt, Renate
name: Plagwitz, Heiko
name: Brendel, Rolf
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI AG
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Layer transfer process
subject: Porous silicon
subject: Stain etching
subject: 150-mm diameters
subject: Doping concentration
subject: Epitaxially grown
subject: Etched substrates
subject: Porosity profiles
subject: Surface conditioning
subject: Epitaxial growth
subject: Porosity
subject: Semiconductor doping
subject: Silicon
subject: Silicon wafers
subject: Substrates
subject: Interfaces (materials)
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik

description: We demonstrate for the first time the successful layer transfer of an epitaxially grown monocrystalline Si film from a purely chemically etched porous Si substrate of 150 mm diameter to a glass carrier. The surface conditioning for all Si layer transfer processes based on porous Si has been, up to now without exception, carried out by electrochemical etching. In contrast, our chemical stain etching process uses an aqueous HF-rich HF/HNO3 solution. The porosity increases with increasing doping concentration of the Si substrate wafer and with increasing porous layer thickness. In contrast to the electrochemically etched double layers, the porosity profile of the stain etched substrates is highest at the original wafer surface and lowest at the interface between the porous layer and the Si bulk. The epitaxy process is adapted to the high porosity at the surface with regard to the reorganization of the porous layer.
Cosmic Acceleration and Brans-Dicke Theory
Creators: name: Sharif, M.
name: Waheed, Saira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper is devoted to study the accelerated expansion of the universe by exploring the Brans-Dicke parameter in different eras. For this purpose, we take FRW universe model with viscous fluid (without potential) and Bianchi type I universe model with barotropic fluid (with and without potential). We evaluate deceleration parameter as well as Brans-Dicke parameter to explore cosmic acceleration. It is concluded that accelerated expansion of the universe can also be achieved for higher values of the Brans-Dicke parameter in some cases.
description: 29 pages, 13 figures
ET-AL: Entropy-Targeted Active Learning for Bias Mitigation in Materials Data
Creators: name: Zhang, Hengrui
name: Chen, Wei Wayne
name: Rondinelli, James M.
name: Chen, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Growing materials data and data-driven informatics drastically promote the discovery and design of materials. While there are significant advancements in data-driven models, the quality of data resources is less studied despite its huge impact on model performance. In this work, we focus on data bias arising from uneven coverage of materials families in existing knowledge. Observing different diversities among crystal systems in common materials databases, we propose an information entropy-based metric for measuring this bias. To mitigate the bias, we develop an entropy-targeted active learning (ET-AL) framework, which guides the acquisition of new data to improve the diversity of underrepresented crystal systems. We demonstrate the capability of ET-AL for bias mitigation and the resulting improvement in downstream machine learning models. This approach is broadly applicable to data-driven materials discovery, including autonomous data acquisition and dataset trimming to reduce bias, as well as data-driven informatics in other scientific domains.
description: 35 pages, 13 figures, under review
Additional file 1 of The effect of cinnamon supplementation on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes or with polycystic ovary syndrome: an umbrella meta-analysis on interventional meta-analyses
Creators: name: Zarezadeh, Meysam
name: Musazadeh, Vali
name: Foroumandi, Elaheh
name: Keramati, Majid
name: Ostadrahimi, Alireza
name: Mekary, Rania A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1
Effect of pressure on the number of dynamically correlated molecules when approaching the glass transition
Creators: name: Alba-Simionesco, Christiane
name: Dalle-Ferrier, Cecile
name: Tarjus, Gilles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We characterize the heterogeneous character of the dynamics of liquids approaching the glass transition through an experimental determination of the number of dynamically correlated molecules N_{corr} as obtained from dynamical susceptibilities. To do so, we have obtained a new set of dielectric spectroscopy data for liquid dibutyl-phtalate on a fine and extended temperature and pressure grid, and we have used it in conjunction with high-pressure data from the literature. We have been able to evaluate the contributions to N_{corr} that are due to fluctuations associated with density and with temperature separately, thereby improving the estimate of N_{corr}. We find that N_{corr} increases along the glass transition line, and more generally along any isochronic line, as pressure increases (up to 1 GPa), a result which is at odds with recent reports and theoretical predictions.
description: To appear in the proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on "Slow Dynamics in Complex Systems" (Sendai, Japan)
Optical transparency by detuned electrical dipoles
Creators: name: Bozhevolnyi, Sergey I.
name: Evlyukhin, Andrey B.
name: Pors, Anders
name: Nielsen, Michael G.
name: Willatzen, Morten
name: Albrektsen, Ole
Publisher: name: Bristol : IOP Publishing Ltd.
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: At-wavelength
subject: Detuned
subject: Dressed state
subject: Electrical dipoles
subject: Electromagnetically-induced transparency
subject: Glass substrates
subject: Gold nanorod
subject: Group velocities
subject: Optical transparency
subject: Optical wavelength
subject: Plasmonic metamaterials
subject: Polymer layers
subject: Propagation loss
subject: Transmission spectrums
subject: Unit cells
subject: Diagnostic radiography
subject: Metamaterials
subject: Nanorods
subject: Plasmons
subject: Quantum optics
subject: Substrates
subject: Transparency
subject: Atomic physics
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: We demonstrate that optical transparency can be realized with plasmonic metamaterials using unit cells consisting of detuned electrical dipoles (DED), thereby mimicking the dressed-state picture of the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in atomic physics. Theoretically analyzing the DED cells with two and three different silver ellipsoids, we show the possibility of reaching a ≥10 times decrease in group velocity and a propagation loss of ≤1 dB per cell within the optical wavelength range of 625-640 nm. Similar configurations are realized with lithographically fabricated gold nanorods placed on a glass substrate and subsequently covered with a ∼15-μm-thick polymer layer, featuring EIT-like transmission spectra with transparency windows at wavelengths of ∼850 nm.
Star Formation in Self-gravitating Disks in Active Galactic Nuclei. III. Efficient Production of Iron and Infrared Spectral Energy Distributions
Creators: name: Wang, J. -M.
name: S.
name: Zhai
name: Li, Y. -R.
name: Songsheng, Y. -Y.
name: Ho, L. C.
name: Chen, Y. -J.
name: Liu, J. -R.
name: Du, P.
name: Yuan, Y. -F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strong iron lines are a common feature of the optical spectra of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and quasars from $z\sim 6-7$ to the local Universe, and [Fe/Mg] ratios do not show cosmic evolution. During active episodes, accretion disks surrounding supermassive black holes (SMBHs) inevitably form stars in the self-gravitating part and these stars accrete with high accretion rates. In this paper, we investigate the population evolution of accretion-modified stars (AMSs) to produce irons and magnesium in AGNs. The AMSs as a new type of stars are allowed to have any metallicity but without significant loss from stellar winds since the winds are choked by the dense medium of the disks and return to the core stars. Mass functions of the AMS population show a pile-up or cutoff pile-up shape in top-heavy or top-dominant forms if the stellar winds are strong, consistent with the narrow range of supernovae (SN) explosions driven by the known pair-instability. This provides an efficient way to produce metals. Meanwhile, SN explosions support an inflated disk as a dusty torus. Furthermore, the evolving top-heavy initial mass functions (IMFs) lead to bright luminosity in infrared bands in dusty regions. This contributes a new component in infrared bands which is independent of the emissions from the central part of accretion disks, appearing as a long-term trending of the NIR continuum compared to optical variations. Moreover, the model can be further tested through reverberation mapping of emission lines, including LIGO/LISA detections of gravitational waves and signatures from spatially resolved observations of GRAVITY+/VLTI.
description: 35 pages, 22 figures
Far-Field Tunable Nano-focusing Based on Metallic Slits Surrounded with Nonlinear-Variant Widths and Linear-Variant Depths of Circular Dielectric Grating
Creators: name: Cao, Peng-Fei
name: Cheng, Ling
name: Zhang, Xiao-Ping
name: Lu, Wei-Ping
name: Kong, Wei-Jie
name: Liang, Xue-Wu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we design a new tunable nanofocusing lens by the linear-variant depths and nonlinear-variant widths of circular grating for far field practical applications. The constructively interference of cylindrical surface plasmon launched by the subwavelength metallic structure can form a subdiffraction-limited focus, and the focal length of the this structures can be adjusted if the each groove depth and width of circular grating are arranged in traced profile. According to the numerical calculation, the range of focusing points shift is much more than other plasmonic lens, and the relative phase of emitting light scattered by surface plasmon coupling circular grating can be modulated by the nonlinear-variant width and linear-variant depth. The simulation result indicates that the different relative phase of emitting light lead to variant focal length. We firstly show a unique phenomenon for the linear-variant depths and nonlinear-variant widths of circular grating that the positive change and negative change of the depths and widths of grooves can result in different of variation trend between relative phases and focal lengths. These results paved the road for utilizing the plasmonic lens in high-density optical storage, nanolithography, superresolution optical microscopic imaging, optical trapping, and sensing.
description: 14pages,9figures
Camel (Camelus dromedarius) Meat Production Potentials and Associated Constraints in Eastern Ethiopia
Creators: name: Yusuf, Mohammed
name: Seid, Ali
name: Urge, Mengistu
Publisher: name: East African Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences
Year: 2017

description: This study was conducted to assess camels‟ meat production potentials and constraints hampering the production. Data were collected from 140 camels slaughtered at Dire Dawa abattoir and by interviewing 246 respondents using semi-structured questionnaire. The results show that live weight, carcass yield and dressing-out percentage were 334.7 kg, 186.4 kg and 55.5%, respectively. Consumption of camel meat ranked 1st in Shinile and 4th in Dire Dawa. Overall, the meat was preferred 1st in Shinile and 2nd in Dire Dawa. Camel meat had better preference due to its juiciness and flavour, but preferred least due to lower tenderness. About 56.1, 53.66, 46.7 and 58.53% of respondents preferred meat from young camel, camels in medium body condition, male camel and camels slaughtered in dry season, respectively. Primary reasons for more consumption and preference of camel meat include the perceived medicinal value, healthier meat source, and better flavour. Tenderness, leanness, flavour and medicinal values were perceived by respondents as descriptors of meat quality. Drying, salting, refrigeration, “Muqmad” (traditionally processed meat) preparation, and smoking were practiced to preserve camel meat. However, the camel and its meat production were constrained mainly by feed scarcity, disease, plant poisoning, marketing and management problems. Camels‟ high meat productivity, increasing trend in camel population, consumption and preference of camel meat by majority of respondents, and adoption of various meat preservation methods implied the high camel meat production potential. Appropriate management of rangelands, strengthening animal health service, and control of illegal market can improve the camel meat production in the study area.
description: East African Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Vol. 1 No. 2 (2017): East African Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences