cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Reconcile the Bulk Metallic and Surface Insulating state in 1T-TaSe$_2$
Creators: name: Zhang, Wenhao
name: Wu, Zongxiu
name: Bu, Kunliang
name: Fei, Ying
name: Zheng, Yuan
name: Gao, Jingjing
name: Luo, Xuan
name: Liu, Zheng
name: Sun, Yu-ping
name: Yin, Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The transition metal dichalcogenides 1T-TaS$_2$ and 1T-TaSe$_2$ have been extensively studied for the complicated correlated electronic properties. The origin of different surface electronic states remains controversial. We apply scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy to restudy the surface electronic state of bulk 1T-TaSe$_2$. Both insulating and metallic states are identified in different areas of the same sample. The insulating state is similar to that in 1T-TaS$_2$, concerning both the dI/dV spectrum and the orbital texture. With further investigations in single-step areas, the discrepancy of electronic states is found to be associated with different stacking orders. The insulating state is most possibly a single-layer property, modulated to a metallic state in some particular stacking orders. Both the metallic and large-gap insulating spectra, together with their corresponding stacking orders, are dominant in 1T-TaSe$_2$. The connected metallic areas lead to the metallic transport behavior. We then reconcile the bulk metallic and surface insulating state in 1T-TaSe$_2$. The rich phenomena in 1T-TaSe$_2$ deepen our understanding of the correlated electronic state in bulk 1T-TaSe$_2$ and 1T-TaS$_2$.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
Do mixtures of bosonic and fermionic atoms adiabatically heat up in optical lattices?
Creators: name: Cramer, M.
name: Ospelkaus, S.
name: Ospelkaus, C.
name: Bongs, K.
name: Sengstock, K.
name: Eisert, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mixtures of bosonic and fermionic atoms in optical lattices provide a promising arena to study strongly correlated systems. In experiments realizing such mixtures in the quantum degenerate regime the temperature is a key parameter. In this work, we investigate the intrinsic heating and cooling effects due to an entropy-preserving raising of the optical lattice potential. We analyze this process, identify the generic behavior valid for a wide range of parameters, and discuss it quantitatively for the recent experiments with 87Rb and 40K atoms. In the absence of a lattice, we treat the bosons in the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov-Popov-approximation, including the fermions in a self-consistent mean field interaction. In the presence of the full three-dimensional lattice, we use a strong coupling expansion. As a result of the presence of the fermions, the temperature of the mixture after the lattice ramp-up is always higher than for the pure bosonic case. This sheds light onto a key point in the analysis of recent experiments.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Teaching students about intersecting identities, privilege, and communication during and after the COVID-19 crisis
Creators: name: Hanasono, Lisa Kiyomi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Teaching students about intersecting identities, privilege, and communication during and after the COVID-19 crisis
A semigroup method for high dimensional elliptic PDEs and eigenvalue problems based on neural networks
Creators: name: Li, Haoya
name: Ying, Lexing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we propose a semigroup method for solving high-dimensional elliptic partial differential equations (PDEs) and the associated eigenvalue problems based on neural networks. For the PDE problems, we reformulate the original equations as variational problems with the help of semigroup operators and then solve the variational problems with neural network (NN) parameterization. The main advantages are that no mixed second-order derivative computation is needed during the stochastic gradient descent training and that the boundary conditions are taken into account automatically by the semigroup operator. Unlike popular methods like PINN \cite{raissi2019physics} and Deep Ritz \cite{weinan2018deep} where the Dirichlet boundary condition is enforced solely through penalty functions and thus changes the true solution, the proposed method is able to address the boundary conditions without penalty functions and it gives the correct true solution even when penalty functions are added, thanks to the semigroup operator. For eigenvalue problems, a primal-dual method is proposed, efficiently resolving the constraint with a simple scalar dual variable and resulting in a faster algorithm compared with the BSDE solver \cite{han2020solving} in certain problems such as the eigenvalue problem associated with the linear Schrödinger operator. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed methods.
description: 17 pages, 18 figures; Final version accepted at Journal of Computational Physics
Hypercontractivity, Nash inequalities, and subordination for classes of nonlinear semigroups
Creators: name: Cipriani, Fabio
name: Grillo, Gabriele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47H20, 47H05, 47J35

description: A suitable notion of hypercontractivity for a nonlinear semigroup $\{T_t\}$ is shown to imply Gagliardo--Nirenberg inequalities for its generator $H$, provided a subhomogeneity property holds for the energy functional $(u,Hu)$. We use this fact to prove that, for semigroups generated by operators of $p$--Laplacian--type, hypercontractivity implies ultracontractivity. We then introduce the notion of subordinated nonlinear semigroups when the corresponding Bernstein function is $f(x)=x^α$, and write down an explicit formula for the associated generator. It is shown that, in certain cases, hypercontractivity still holds for the subordinated semigroup and, hence, that Nash--type inequalities holds as well for the subordinated generator.
description: 19 pages
Lexical encoding formats for multi-word expressions: The challenge of ``irregular'' regularities
Creators: name: Lichte, Timm
name: Petitjean, Simon
name: Savary, Agata
name: Waszczuk, Jakub
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: This chapter contributes a general overview and discussion of lexical encoding formats for multi-word expressions (MWEs) that can be used in NLP systems, in particular with large-scale grammars. The presentation is kept general in the sense that we will try to elicit basic aspects of lexical encoding and then elaborate on the specific sorts of challenges encountered when dealing with MWEs, especially the ``irregular'' regularities mentioned in the title. These insights will eventually be used to classify and evaluate different approaches to encoding. Even though this kind of evaluation cannot be conclusive given the diversity of languages and tastes, we will nevertheless argue in favor of fully flexible encoding formats exemplified with PATR-II and XMG, as opposed to the fixed encoding formats of DuELME and Walenty.
Integral Field Spectroscopy of High-Redshift Star Forming Galaxies with Laser Guided Adaptive Optics: Evidence for Dispersion-Dominated Kinematics
Creators: name: Law, David R.
name: Steidel, Charles C.
name: Erb, Dawn K.
name: Larkin, James E.
name: Pettini, Max
name: Shapley, Alice E.
name: Wright, Shelley A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present early results from an ongoing study of the kinematic structure of star-forming galaxies at redshift z ~ 2 - 3 using integral-field spectroscopy of rest-frame optical nebular emission lines in combination with Keck laser guide star adaptive optics (LGSAO). We show kinematic maps of 3 target galaxies Q1623-BX453, Q0449-BX93, and DSF2237a-C2 located at redshifts z = 2.1820, 2.0067, and 3.3172 respectively, each of which is well-resolved with a PSF measuring approximately 0.11 - 0.15 arcsec (~ 900 - 1200 pc at z ~ 2-3) after cosmetic smoothing. Neither galaxy at z ~ 2 exhibits substantial kinematic structure on scales >~ 30 km/s; both are instead consistent with largely dispersion-dominated velocity fields with sigma ~ 80 km/s along any given line of sight into the galaxy. In contrast, DSF2237a-C2 presents a well-resolved gradient in velocity over a distance of ~ 4 kpc with peak-to-peak amplitude of 140 km/s. It is unlikely that DSF2237a-C2 represents a dynamically cold rotating disk of ionized gas as the local velocity dispersion of the galaxy (sigma = 79 km/s) is comparable to the observed shear. Using extant multi-wavelength spectroscopy and photometry we relate these kinematic data to physical properties such as stellar mass, gas fraction, star formation rate, and outflow kinematics and consider the applicability of current galaxy formation models.[Abridged]
description: 19 pages, 10 figures (5 color); accepted for publication in ApJ. Version with full-resolution figures is available at http://www.astro.caltech.edu/~drlaw/Papers/OSIRIS_data1.pdf
C-Ports: a proposal for a comprehensive standardization and implementation plan of digital services offered by the "Port of the Future"
Creators: name: Pagano, P.
name: Antonelli, S.
name: Tardo, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper we address the topic of a possible path to standardize the ICT services expected to be delivered by the so-called "Port of the Future". How the most relevant technologies and Information Systems are used by the Port Communities for their businesses is discussed together with a detailed analysis of the on-going actions carried on by Standard Setting Organizations. Considering the examples given by the C-ITS Platform and the C-Roads programme at EU level, a proposal of contents to be considered in a comprehensive standardization action is given. The innovation services are therefore grouped into four bundles: (i) Vessel \& Marine Navigation, (ii) e-Freight \& (Intermodal) Logistics, (iii) Passenger Transport, (iv) Environmental sustainability. The standardized version of these applications will be finally labeled as C-Port services. Alongside the standardization plan, a proposal for ranking the ports on the basis of a specially-defined C- Port vector is discussed with the purpose of addressing the well-known lack of consensus around the mathematical definition of the Smart Port Index. Considering the good practice and the background offered by the Port of Livorno in terms of innovation actions, the prospected final user applications are then labeled as Day 1, Day 1.5, and Day 2 services in consideration of the technical and commercial gaps to be filled. As a case study about the evolution in the C-Port vector experienced by the Port of Livorno in the last years will also be discussed.
description: 28 pages, 3 equations, 12 figures, 3 tables
Magnetization switching of submicrometer Co dots induced by a magnetic force microscope tip
Creators: name: Kleiber, M.
name: Kümmerlen, F.
name: Löhndorf, M.
name: Wadas, A.
name: Weiss, Dieter
name: Wiesendanger, Roland
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: We have applied magnetic force microscopy (MFM) with an in situ electromagnet to study the switching of the magnetization of submicrometer Co dots fabricated by means of electron-beam lithography. By using the MFM tip as a local-field source, the magnetization of individual single-domain Co dots could be reversed. Micromagnetic simulations show that the switching process is induced by the stray field of the MFM tip. Furthermore, the external field that is necessary to support switching of the dot depends on the tip-dot separation.
Canadian College Fundraising: State of the Art 2021 (December 2021)
Creators: name: Osipov, Igor
name: Philanthropic Inc. (Canada), Global
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 150303 Corporate Governance and Stakeholder Engagement
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 140202 Economic Development and Growth
subject: 130103 Higher Education
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: 150311 Organisational Behaviour
subject: 170202 Decision Making
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 130304 Educational Administration, Management and Leadership
subject: 140204 Economics of Education

description: Postsecondary education in Canada in general and, particularly, college level education is experiencing a wave of changes. From the steady decline in public funding to the rising need of strategic alignment with employers, corporations, the rise of college-based applied research, and the rapidly changing labour market, these changes take various forms.Fuelled by the COVID-19 pandemic, digital transformation, and various “-techs” (fintech, agrotech, biotech, etc.), to name just a few, these elements are reshaping the very way in which recent college graduates enter their professional lives and the ways in which colleges fund their future.Connecting these changes with advancement and philanthropy is crucial. This report responds to several questions: What is the current state of college fundraising in Canada? What are the gaps and best practices? Are members of college leadership involved in the fundraising process? What is the role of the Boards? What are the key roles in college fundraising?Our report looks at the crossroads of all aspects of fundraising practice, different types of colleges and their engagement with fundraising practice (both successful and challenging), and views from the field. Our goal is to understand the important and pressing issues for college fundraising in Canada in 2021, as we gradually emerge from the pandemic.
A Model for Fast Rising, Slowly Decaying Subpulses in Gamma-Ray Bursts
Creators: name: Eichler, David
name: Manis, Hadar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gamma ray bursts (GRB's) often feature subpulses that have a distinctively asymmetric profile -- they rise quickly and decay much more slowly, while their spectrum softens slightly with observer time. It is suggested that these subpulses are caused by slow baryonic clouds embedded within a primary $γ$-ray beam, which scatter the $γ$-radiation into our line of sight as they accelerate. Good quantitative agreement is obtained with observed light curves and spectral evolution. The kinetic energy that the baryonic component of GRB jets receives from the primary $γ$-radiation is predicted to be about equal to the amount of $γ$-radiation that is scattered, consistent with observations of afterglow. Several other observational consequences are briefly discussed. The possibility is raised that the time scale of short GRB is established by radiative acceleration and/or baryon injection rather than the time scale of the central engine.
description: Submitted to ApJL
Agroforestry and decentralised food and energy production - Agroleśnictwo oraz lokalna produkcja żywności i energii
Creators: name: Wolfe, M.
name: Borek, R.
name: Wojdat, A.
name: Jędrejek, A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Coppicing
pollarding
willow
hazel
heat
Odnowienia odroślowe
ogławianie
wierzba
leszczyna
ogrzewanie

description: Od czasów powstania Homo sapiens aż do 200-300 lat wstecz, drzewa były głównym źródłem energii (a także innych materiałów i żywności). Jeszcze 20.000 lat temu, stosunek liczby drzew do populacji ludzi wynosił około 1,5 mln do 1, ale
obecnie spadł drastycznie do około 400 drzew na jednego człowieka (i nadal spada). Aby ocalić planetę i ludzi, potrzebujemy systemów żywnościowych i energetycznych, które zapewnią stałe dostawy obu tych produktów, przy jednoczesnej poprawie jakości i trwałości biosfery. Najlepiej byłoby to osiągnąć poprzez odwrócenie maleją-
cej tendencji stosunku liczby drzew do liczby ludzi. W idealnej sytuacji, aby zminimalizować straty przesyłowe, energia odnawialna potrzebna do zastąpienia wszystkich paliw kopalnych powinna być produkowana w pobliżu miejsca jej wykorzystania. Taki system powinien dostarczać także innych korzyści i być w pełni zrównoważony.
Wszystkie systemy rolno-leśne są potencjalnie w stanie to zapewnić, ale systemy, które integrują produkcję żywności i energii będą najbardziej wydajne i zrównoważone.
title: Éducation physique inclusive Les enseignant(e)s de l’enseignement fondamental luxembourgeois à la loupe
Creators: name: Heck, Sandra
name: Scheuer, Claude
Publisher: name: Luxembourg Centre for Educational Testing (LUCET) & Service de Coordination de la Recherche et de l’Innovation pédagogiques et technologiques (SCRIPT)
Year: 2021

description: Rapport national sur l’éducation Luxembourg 2021
Cooling of young stars growing by disk accretion
Creators: name: Rafikov, Roman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the initial formation stages young stars must acquire a significant fraction of their mass by accretion from a circumstellar disk that forms in the center of a collapsing protostellar cloud. Throughout this period mass accretion rates through the disk can reach 10^{-6}-10^{-5} M_Sun/yr leading to substantial energy release in the vicinity of stellar surface. We study the impact of irradiation of the stellar surface produced by the hot inner disk on properties of accreting fully convective low-mass stars, and also look at objects such as young brown dwarfs and giant planets. At high accretion rates irradiation raises the surface temperature of the equatorial region above the photospheric temperature T_0 that a star would have in the absence of accretion. The high-latitude (polar) parts of the stellar surface, where disk irradiation is weak, preserve their temperature at the level of T_0. In strongly irradiated regions an almost isothermal outer radiative zone forms on top of the fully convective interior, leading to the suppression of the local internal cooling flux derived from stellar contraction (similar suppression occurs in irradiated ``hot Jupiters''). Properties of this radiative zone likely determine the amount of thermal energy that gets advected into the convective interior of the star. Total intrinsic luminosity integrated over the whole stellar surface is reduced compared to the non-accreting case, by up to a factor of several in some systems (young brown dwarfs, stars in quasar disks, forming giants planets), potentially leading to the retardation of stellar contraction. Stars and brown dwarfs irradiated by their disks tend to lose energy predominantly through their cool polar regions while young giant planets accreting through the disk cool through their whole surface.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures, submitted to ApJ
Effect of Stacking Order on the Electronic State of 1T-TaS$_2$
Creators: name: Wu, Zongxiu
name: Bu, Kunliang
name: Zhang, Wenhao
name: Fei, Ying
name: Zheng, Yuan
name: Gao, Jingjing
name: Luo, Xuan
name: Liu, Zheng
name: Sun, Yu-ping
name: Yin, Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New theoretical proposals and experimental findings on transition metal dichalcogenide 1T-TaS$_2$ have revived interests in its possible Mott insulating state. We perform a comprehensive scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy experiment on different single-step areas in pristine 1T-TaS$_2$. After accurately determining the relative displacement of Star-of-David super-lattices in two layers, we find different stacking orders can correspond to the similar large-gap spectrum on the upper terrace. When the measurement is performed away from the step edge, the large gap spectrum can always be maintained. The stacking order seems rarely disturb the large-gap spectrum in the ideal bulk material. We conclude that the large insulating gap is from the single-layer property, which is a correlation-induced Mott gap based on the single-band Hubbard model. Specific stacking orders can perturb the state and induce a small-gap or metallic spectrum for a limited area around the step edge, which we attribute to a surface and edge phenomenon. Our work provides more evidence about the surface electronic state and deepens our understanding of the Mott insulating state in 1T-TaS$_2$.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures
Fractional Quantum Hall States and Jack Polynomials
Creators: name: Bernevig, B. Andrei
name: Haldane, F. D. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe an occupation-number-like picture of Fractional Quantum Hall (FQH) states in terms of polynomial wavefunctions characterized by a dominant occupation-number configuration. The bosonic variants of single-component abelian and non-abelian FQH states are modeled by Jacks (Jack symmetric polynomials), characterized by dominant occupation-number configurations satisfying a generalized Pauli principle. In a series of well-known Quantum Hall states, including the Laughlin, Read-Moore, and Read-Rezayi, the Jack polynomials naturally implement a ``squeezing rule'' that constrains allowed configurations to be restricted to those obtained by squeezing the dominant configuration. The Jacks describing uniform FQH states satisfy a highest-weight condition, and a clustering condition which can be generalized to describe quasiparticle states.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures 2 new references added
An investigation of nursing students’ experiences in an.pdf
Creators: name: Karimollahi, Mansoureh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Health Care

description: This study investigated the clinical experiences of nursing students in a psychiatric
unit in an Iranian hospital.
• Data from in-depth interviews were analysed in order to reveal common themes in
the experiences of these students.
• The results present distinctive insights on contextualizing, developing and implementing
clinical education in Iran, especially in psychiatric units. The exploration
and description of students’ experiences will help nurse educators to plan the clinical
learning opportunities such that they are less stressful, thus ensuring that nursing
students are equipped to act as therapeutic professionals.
Triadobatrachus massinoti, the earliest known lissamphibian (Vertebrata: Tetrapoda) re-examined by µCT scan, and the evolution of trunk length in batrachians
Creators: name: Ascarrunz, Eduardo
name: Rage, Jean-Claude
name: Legreneur, Pierre
name: Laurin, Michel
Publisher: name: Brill Online
Year: 2021
Subjects: Paleontology

description: Triadobatrachus massinoti is a batrachian known from a single fossil from the Early Triassic of Madagascar that presents a combination of apomorphic salientian and plesiomorphic batrachian characters. Herein we offer a revised description of the specimen based on X-ray micro-tomography data. We report previously unknown caudal vertebrae, possible mentomeckelians, and hidden parts of other structures. We also confirm the presence of a ventrolateral ledge on the opisthotic, and we rectify some previous interpretations. There are no cervical ribs and the jaw may have had an angular. The presacral region is composed of 15 vertebrae with a unique atlas-axis complex instead of 14 vertebrae with a bipartite atlas. The configuration of the pelvic girdle is not very clear, although it is likely more plesiomorphic than the anuran-like condition previously assumed. Our re-assessment of the saltatorial performance of Triadobatrachus supports the traditional interpretation that this animal was not a specialised jumper. In order to assess the sequence of events in the early evolution of the salientian morphotype, we estimated the ancestral length of the trunk region of batrachians under different hypotheses of lissamphibian relationships and divergence times. Most of our results suggest that some trunk reduction took place before the divergence of caudates and salientians (presumably in the Permian), and that the trunk of Triadobatrachus mostly reflects this ancestral condition. Thus, trunk reduction possibly preceded the anteroposterior elongation of the ilia and the shortening of the tail seen in Triadobatrachus. We also provide an updated review of the data relevant for the use of Triadobatrachus as a calibration constraint in molecular divergence age analyses that meets recently-suggested standards.
A community base for northern development
Creators: name: Hill, Jessie Hayward
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Alternatives are required to replace the dominant paradigm of modernization if the residents and communities of Canada's Northwest Territories are to benefit fully from northern development activities. One such alternative is a bottom-up, community-based development process wherein communities engage in active planning to control and manage the resources of their regions. The purpose of this study is to investigate the implications of staple theory, a model of economic growth based on the export of primary resources, and community development approaches for development in the Northwest Territories. The thesis is that an Anarchist formulation of staple theory provides a theoretical foundation for an alternative, community-based approach to northern regional development. The study describes the contexts of development theory, Canadian regional development, and the dependent nature of northern development. Staple theory, in a basic descriptive form, is then introduced. The prescriptive interpretations of staple theory posited by W.A. Mackintosh, H.A. Innis, and W.L. Gordon and M.H. Watkins are discussed. The study then compares staple theory's prescriptions with those indicated by the Anarchist approach to regional development and community development literature. The combined prescriptions are placed within the context of northern development. The study concludes by outlining the implications of staple theory and community development approaches for regional planning theory and practice in the Northwest Territories. In the context of northern development, the study recommends the adoption of a community-based development policy and a reconnection of regions to their resources as suggested by both the staple theory and community development approaches.
Aurorasaurus: A Citizen Science Platform for Viewing and Reporting the Aurora
Creators: name: Ledvina, Vincent
name: MacDonald, Elizabeth
name: Edson, Laura
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: aurora borealis
northern lights
space weather
heliophysics
citizen science

description: Aurorasaurus is an award-winning, participatory science-based, aurora observing and reporting platform that gathers user-submitted data to refine scientific models, provides accurate and accessible educational resources, and inspires engagement via outreach. In addition, the real-time ability of this platform facilitates the combination of citizen science observations with auroral oval models to improve auroral visibility nowcasting. Aurorasaurus experienced its largest aurora event ever during the May 10-11, 2024 solar storm, receiving more than 5,000 participatory science reports from 55+ countries, all 7 continents, and even ships in the ocean. In operation since 2014, the project’s peer-reviewed publications have included  a number of discoveries, interdisciplinary research, as well as innovative data-model comparisons. For example, in collaboration with participatory scientists and the scientific community Aurorasaurus published the first modern scientific study of STEVE (Strong Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancement), an aurora-like phenomenon that appears closer to the equator and flows from east to west. Aurorasaurus provides easily understandable aurora information, basic gamification, and real-time location-based notification of verified aurora activity to engage citizen scientists. The project conducts outreach and education across the globe, often through partnerships with local groups of enthusiasts (such as its “Aurorasaurus Ambassadors” group). The project is one of only a handful of space weather citizen science projects and can provide useful results for the space weather and citizen science communities. Aurorasaurus is a research project within the New Mexico Consortium, supported by the National Science Foundation and NASA.
Invariant forms, associated bundles and Calabi-Yau metrics
Creators: name: Conti, Diego
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C25 (Primary); 53C30, 57S15, 68W30 (Secondary)

description: We develop a method, initially due to Salamon, to compute the space of ``invariant'' forms on an associated bundle X=P\times_G V, with a suitable notion of invariance. We determine sufficient conditions for this space to be d-closed. We apply our method to the construction of Calabi-Yau metrics on TCP^1 and TCP^2.
description: 36 pages. v2: changed title, added new examples in 7.2
title: Influence des modules de formation initiale et continue sur les compétences perçues et l’attitude des enseignant(e)s vis-à-vis de l’éducation inclusive
Creators: name: Pit-ten Cate, Ineke M.
name: Krischler, Mireille
Publisher: name: Luxembourg Centre for Educational Testing (LUCET) & Service de Coordination de la Recherche et de l’Innovation pédagogiques et technologiques (SCRIPT)
Year: 2021

description: Rapport national sur l’éducation Luxembourg 2021
The drivers of multidecadal climate variability in the extratropics over the Late Holocene
Creators: name: Browning, Stuart Anthony
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 399999
subject: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: This thesis investigates the magnitude and drivers of multidecadal variability in Southern Hemisphere extratropical climate over the past 1200‐years with a specific focus on the implications for Tasman Sea storm activity. Contemporary approaches to multiproxy climate reconstructions are unsuitable for resolving coupled ocean-atmosphere variability; therefore I developed a novel multivariate data assimilation (MDA) approach. MDA combines the temporal realism of paleoclimate data with the dynamical consistency of an atmosphere‐ocean global climate model (AOGCM) to produce a multivariate spatial field reconstruction for the Southern Hemisphere at decadal to multidecadal resolution. The reconstruction is analogous to modern reanalysis datasets and is referred to as the Paleoclimate Reanalysis (PaleoR). PaleoR derived spatial fields and climate mode reconstructions show the 13th century transition from Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA 900-1250) into Little Ice Age (LIA 1400-1900) was characterized by a large-scale, persistent reorganisation of ocean-atmosphere circulation patterns. During the MCA the tropics expanded poleward and the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) was strongly positive. During the early LIA (1400-1600) the tropics contracted equatorward and SAM was strongly negative. During the late LIA (1600-1900) SAM became more neutral to negative and the tropics expanded in conjunction with a persistent La Nina-like mean state, producing ideal conditions for frequent and intense subtropical maritime storms in the Tasman Sea. Commonly referred to as Australian East Coast Cyclones (ECC), this family of storms is most frequent and intense during the late autumn and winter season, they can develop via tropical transition, extratropical transition or in situ cyclogenesis. Seasonal ECC frequency over the 1955‐2012 period is highly correlated to regional ocean-atmosphere circulation patterns. Correlation patterns are used to develop a statistical downscaling approach and estimate autumn‐winter ECC frequency from seasonal reanalysis data over the 1871 to 2012 period, showing the 1950s and 1970s were likely the stormiest decades of the 20th century. Applying the downscaling approach to PaleoR reveals the late LIA (1600‐1900) was likely the stormiest period of the past 1200-years, and most decades of the 19th century were at least as stormy as the 1970s. These ‘ultimate storm centuries’ in the Tasman Sea occurred in conjunction with persistently warm west Pacific sea surface temperatures and negative to neutral SAM. Multidecadal persistence and abrupt shifts in mean climate state are characteristic features of Southern Hemisphere extratropical climate; this variability strongly influences the type and frequency of individual weather events.
Experimental Review on Pentaquarks
Creators: name: Danilov, M.
name: Mizuk, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The experimental evidence for pentaquarks is reviewed and compared with the experiments that do not see any sign of pentaquarks. This paper is based on a lecture given at the 33rd ITEP Winter School of Physics in the beginning of 2005. Results obtained since then are summarized in the epilogue.
description: Update of the review given at the ITEP Winter School of Physics and at the 19th Rencontres de Physique de la Vallee d'Aoste: Results and Perspectives in Particle Physics, La Thuile, Aosta Valley, Italy, 27 Feb - 5 Mar 2005. 25 pages, 15 figures. Discussion of new DIANA results is corrected and supplemented
Optimal radial basis for density-based atomic representations
Creators: name: Goscinski, Alexander
name: Musil, Félix
name: Pozdnyakov, Sergey
name: Ceriotti, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The input of almost every machine learning algorithm targeting the properties of matter at the atomic scale involves a transformation of the list of Cartesian atomic coordinates into a more symmetric representation. Many of the most popular representations can be seen as an expansion of the symmetrized correlations of the atom density, and differ mainly by the choice of basis. Considerable effort has been dedicated to the optimization of the basis set, typically driven by heuristic considerations on the behavior of the regression target. Here we take a different, unsupervised viewpoint, aiming to determine the basis that encodes in the most compact way possible the structural information that is relevant for the dataset at hand. For each training dataset and number of basis functions, one can determine a unique basis that is optimal in this sense, and can be computed at no additional cost with respect to the primitive basis by approximating it with splines. We demonstrate that this construction yields representations that are accurate and computationally efficient, particularly when constructing representations that correspond to high-body order correlations. We present examples that involve both molecular and condensed-phase machine-learning models.
The Minimum Amount of Stars a Galaxy Will Form
Creators: name: Warren, Bradley E.
name: Jerjen, Helmut
name: Koribalski, Bärbel S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of the atomic hydrogen and stellar properties of 38 late-type galaxies in the local Universe covering a wide range of HI mass-to-light ratios (M_HI/L_B), stellar luminosities, and surface brightnesses. From these data we have identified an upper envelope for the M_HI/L_B as a function of galaxy luminosity. This implies an empirical relation between the minimum amount of stars a galaxy will form and its initial baryonic mass. While the stellar mass of a galaxy seems to be only loosely connected to its baryonic mass, the latter quantity is strongly linked to the galaxy's dynamical mass as it is observed in the baryonic Tully-Fisher relation. We find that dwarf irregular galaxies with generally high M_HI/L_B-ratios follow the same trend as defined by lower M_HI/L_B giant galaxies, but are underluminous for their rotation velocity to follow the trend in a stellar mass Tully-Fisher relation, suggesting that the baryonic mass of the dwarf galaxies is normal but they have failed to produced a sufficient amount of stars. Finally, we present a three dimensional equivalent to the morphology-density relation which shows that high M_HI/L_B galaxies preferentially evolve and/or survive in low-density environments. We conclude that an isolated galaxy with a shallow dark matter potential can retain a large portion of its baryonic matter in the form of gas, only producing a minimum quantity of stars necessary to maintain a stable gas disk.
description: 37 Pages, 7 Figures. Accepted for publication in AJ
Coexisting charge-ordered states with distinct driving mechanisms in monolayer VSe$_2$
Creators: name: Chua, Rebekah
name: Henke, Jans
name: Saha, Surabhi
name: Huang, Yuli
name: Gou, Jian
name: He, Xiaoyue
name: Das, Tanmoy
name: van Wezel, Jasper
name: Soumyanarayanan, Anjan
name: Wee, Andrew T. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thinning crystalline materials to two dimensions (2D) creates a rich playground for electronic phases, including charge, spin, superconducting, and topological order. Bulk materials hosting charge density waves (CDWs), when reduced to ultrathin films, have shown CDW enhancement and tunability. However, charge order confined to only 2D remains elusive. Here we report a distinct charge ordered state emerging in the monolayer limit of $1T$-VSe$_2$. Systematic scanning tunneling microscopy experiments reveal that bilayer VSe$_2$ largely retains the bulk electronic structure, hosting a tri-directional CDW. However, monolayer VSe$_2$ -- consistently across distinct substrates -- exhibits a dimensional crossover, hosting two CDWs with distinct wavelengths and transition temperatures. Electronic structure calculations reveal that while one CDW is bulk-like and arises from the well-known Peierls mechanism, the other is decidedly unconventional. The observed CDW-lattice decoupling and the emergence of a flat band suggest that the new CDW could arise from enhanced electron-electron interactions in the 2D limit. These findings establish monolayer-VSe$_2$ as a host of coexisting charge orders with distinct origins, and enable the tailoring of electronic phenomena via emergent interactions in 2D materials.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Some Phenomenologies of Unparticle Physics
Creators: name: Luo, Mingxing
name: Zhu, Guohuai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fermionic unparticles are introduced and their basic properties are discussed. Some phenomenologies related are exploited, such as their effects on charged Higgs boson decays and anomalous magnetic moments of leptons. Also, it has been found that measurements of $B^0-\bar B^0$ mixing could yield interesting constraints on couplings between unparticle operators and standard model fields.
description: Version to appear in Phys. Letts. B. 9 pages, 3 figures
Ethnicity and assimilation : German postwar immigrants in Vancouver, 1945-1970
Creators: name: Gumpp, Ruth
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: This thesis analyzes German immigration to Canada in the period following the Second World War and primarily focuses on the settlement of these immigrants in Vancouver. By examining residential patterns, economic experiences, the role of German churches and Saturday schools, language retention, and the secular organizations maintained by Vancouver's German population, it becomes apparent that Germans' attempt to adjust to Canadian circumstances entailed two, seemingly contradictory phenomena: speedy integration and assimilation into the mainstream of Canadian society on one hand, and support for ethnic social, economic, religious, educational, and cultural institutions on the other. The study concludes that assimilation and ethnicity were thus not mutually exclusive. Immigration gave individuals the opportunity to weigh alternatives with regard to social form and institutions, personal values, and the role of their ethnicity in the new life offered by Canada. Consequently, involvement in the local German community may be attributed to as complex causes as the supersession of ethnic origin as a basis of association by other sources of group identification. Yet, even though German-Canadians were highly assimilated into Canadian society by the end of the postwar period, they may have preserved a sense of ethnic identity that did not manifest itself in any visible behaviour.
title: Orientations dans le système scolaire luxembourgeois
Creators: name: Lenz, Thomas
name: Backes, Susanne
name: Heinz, Andreas
Publisher: name: Luxembourg Centre for Educational Testing (LUCET) & Service de Coordination de la Recherche et de l’Innovation pédagogiques et technologiques (SCRIPT)
Year: 2021

description: Rapport national sur l’éducation Luxembourg 2021
Verbal multiword expressions: Idiomaticity and flexibility
Creators: name: Sheinfux, Livnat Herzig
name: Greshler, Tali Arad
name: Melnik, Nurit
name: Shuly Wintner
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: Verbal multiword expressions are generally characterized by their formal rigidity, yet they exhibit remarkable diversity with respect to their flexibility. Our primary research question is whether the behavior of idioms is an idiosyncratic property of each idiom or a consequence of more general constraints. \citet{nunberg94
title: German Jewish recommendation practices 1860 - 1945
title: PhD projekt
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Gerlach, Lisa
Publisher: name: Ruhr-Universität Bochum
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 943 Geschichte Deutschlands

description: This doctoral research project explores letters of recommendation in the social networks of German-speaking Jews from their emancipation through national socialism. Professional recommendations are a phenomenon known since the pre-modern period and has remained resilient and societally effective in the modern era. In the period under examination, the practice of recommendation references both the arena of family relationships and friendships and the professional sphere, influencing individuals’ learning and career trajectories. The broad spectrum of letters of recommenddation and their potential to transform situations and lives manifest with particularly emphatic force in German Jewish history. At the outset of the twentieth century, written recommendations served Jewish people in Germany in their aspirations to climb the social ladder and aided the recruitment of staff and cooperation partners for institutions whose radius of action was increasingly extending beyond national borders. During the National Socialist era, recommendations potentially even saved lives. The project explores the extent to which individuals used personal recommendations as cultural and social capital, the ways in which recommendations helped shape social relationships in business and societal spheres, and the effect of historical conditions and settings on their form, content and style. The project is informed by a theoretical framework including the works of Pierre Bourdieu, Georg Simmel and Mark Granovetter. With the attempt to show changes in the use of language and addressed topics as well as changes in the composition of the networks, those letters were circulated in, the methodological approach is a combination of historical discourse analyses and historical network analyses.
Deformation bicomplex of module-algebras
Creators: name: Yau, Donald
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16E40 (Primary); 16W99 (Secondary)

description: The deformation bicomplex of a module-algebra over a bialgebra is constructed. It is then applied to study algebraic deformations in which both the module structure and the algebra structure are deformed. The cases of module-coalgebras, comodule-(co)algebras, and (co)module-bialgebras are also considered.
description: To appear in Homology, Homotopy and Applications
Estonia in the crucible of Soviet political reform
Creators: name: Lohuaru, Peter
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Estonia's rise to prominence on the leading edge of the Soviet reform process is a consequence of the republic's dual position as an economic role model for other republics and a Soviet exception in terms of lifestyle and cultural orientation. While Estonia's open acceptance of perestroika is clearly a boost for Soviet reformers, the Estonian vision of reform is distinctly different from the direction intended by Moscow. In its capacity as reform leader and radical pioneer, Estonia is a microcosm of the Soviet political economy and the elements that plague attempts to reform the system. An examination of Estonia's role within the Soviet reform movement provides a view of the potentially explosive cultural processes that have now surfaced not only in the Baltic but throughout the Soviet Union. Chapter One presents a descriptive chronological overview of the events that preceded Estonia's Declaration of Sovereignty in November 1988. Chapter Two is analytical in nature and provides a cultural context and background with which to assess Estonian developments. The methodological framework is adapted from Archie Brown's "Political Culture and Communist Studies" and gives a qualitative description of the intensity and psychological power of the cultural factor in Estonian politics. Chapter Three presents Moscow's reaction to Baltic initiatives and describes Gorbachev's attempt to forge a new nationalities policy in the face of deep-rooted conservative opposition. Estonia is a prime example of the seemingly insoluble nationality problems associated with Soviet political reform. In terms of quantitative indicators, Estonia is the most economically successful republic within the Soviet political experiment, and yet it is also the most vociferous in voicing rejection of fundamental Soviet political values. Although the Soviet future remains unpredictable, there are strong indicators that Estonia and the Baltic republics will continue to expand the perimeters of reform at a pace and in a manner that can now only be curtailed by armed force. However, the potential consequences of Baltic initiatives will not remain confined only to Soviet domestic politics. Whether the Soviet Union becomes a benign Commonwealth or Confederacy, or rapidly decays or disintegrates, or regresses into authoritarianism and civil war, the result will have profound consequences for Europe and the rest of the world. Therefore, the importance of Estonia and the other Baltic republics in the process of Soviet decline cannot be underestimated; the Baltic States, although insignificant by global standards, have set an example for other Soviet republics and national groups to follow and will for the near term remain political barometers of the Soviet future.
title: Les élèves dans le système scolaire luxembourgeois
Creators: name: Backes, Susanne
name: Lenz, Thomas
Publisher: name: Luxembourg Centre for Educational Testing (LUCET) & Service de Coordination de la Recherche et de l’Innovation pédagogiques et technologiques (SCRIPT)
Year: 2021

description: Rapport national sur l’éducation Luxembourg 2021