cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
LUEM : Local User Engagement Maximization in Networks
Creators: name: Kim, Junghoon
name: Kim, Jungeun
name: Jeong, Hyun Ji
name: Lim, Sungsu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Understanding a social network is a fundamental problem in social network analysis because of its numerous applications. Recently, user engagement in networks has received extensive attention from many research groups. However, most user engagement models focus on global user engagement to maximize (or minimize) the number of engaged users. In this study, we formulate the so-called Local User Engagement Maximization (LUEM) problem. We prove that the LUEM problem is NP-hard. To obtain high-quality results, we propose an approximation algorithm that incorporates a traditional hill-climbing method. To improve efficiency, we propose an efficient pruning strategy while maintaining effectiveness. In addition, by observing the relationship between the degree and user engagement, we propose an efficient heuristic algorithm that preserves effectiveness. Finally, we conducted extensive experiments on ten real-world networks to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithms. We observed that the proposed algorithm achieved up to 605% more engaged users compared to the best baseline algorithms.
Gallup/CNN/USA Today Poll: 2004 Presidential Election
Creators: name: CNN
name: USA Today
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2019

description: How much thought given to upcoming election for president (1); do/do not know where people in neighborhood go to vote (1); ever voted in precinct/election district (1); how often vote (1); plans to vote in presidential election this November (2); John Kerry and John Edwards vs. George W. Bush and Dick Cheney vs. Ralph Nader and Peter Camejo (2); John Kerry and John Edwards vs. George W. Bush and Dick Cheney (2); John Kerry/George W. Bush would better handle certain issues (4); presidential debate on Thursday, September 30th (1); 2000 presidential election (1).
20IND06 PROMETH2O - Project overview
Creators: name: Vito, Fernicola
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: trace water measurement
trace water standards
process gases
gas quality
metrology
EMPIR

description: These slides provide an introduction to the project consortium, the overall aims and objectives as well as the project structure.
description: This presentation was carried out within the EMPIR project 20IND06 PROMETH2O. The EMPIR initiative is co-funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program and the EMPIR Participating States.
Cross-sectional Analysis of Health Care Utilization and Outcomes amongst North Carolina Migrant and Seasonal Farmworkers in 2013
Creators: name: Spiritos, Zachary
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Migrant and seasonal farmworkers in the United States are a growing population that are at an increased risk for illness and injury compared to the average American. Farmworkers operate dangerous machinery, perform arduous farm labor, and are exposed to potentially harmful agricultural and chemical toxins on a daily basis. Additionally, they severely underutilize health care due to sociocultural, financial, linguistic, and logistical obstacles. There are currently over 3 million Latino farmworkers in the United States and over 80,000 currently reside in North Carolina. A systematic review was performed on health outcomes affecting North Carolina migrant and seasonal farmworkers since 2000 which cover issues such as mental health, occupational health, eye conditions, skin conditions, and dental health. Results showed that there are high self-reported rates of these conditions however little effect on quality of life. More research must be performed on mental health and its implications on farmworker well-being as articles investigating mental health did not report quality of life measures. Another study was performed which analyzed 2013 primary clinic data from the North Carolina Farmworker Health Program to get a better understanding of health care utilization patterns and the most prominent health issues facing migrant and seasonal farmworkers in North Carolina. Results showed that almost half (47%) of the North Carolina farmworker population accessed health services in 2013. Seasonal farmworkers accessed significantly more health care services than migrant farmworkers. Among the study population, rates of chronic disease such as hypertension and diabetes were significantly lower than those found among Americans. This result indicates that chronic disease among farmworkers often goes underreported and therefore unmanaged while they work in the United States. Further research must be performed to gain accurate prevalence rates of chronic diseases among farmworkers to help organizations such as the North Carolina Farmworker Health Program target health interventions such as education and clinic referrals.
A Guide to the Dimensions Data Approach
Creators: name: Resources, Dimensions
Publisher: name: Dimensions
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 440710
subject: Research, science and technology policy

description: Dimensions is a modern and innovative, linked research data infrastructure and tool, re-imagining discovery and access to research: grants, publications, citations, clinical trials and patents in one place.

This document provides an overview of the Dimensions content.
Measurements of the Ground-State Polarizabilities of Cs, Rb, and K using Atom Interferometry
Creators: name: Gregoire, Maxwell D.
name: Hromada, Ivan
name: Holmgren, William F.
name: Trubko, Raisa
name: Cronin, Alexander D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measured the ground-state static electric-dipole polarizabilities of Cs, Rb, and K atoms using a three-nanograting Mach-Zehnder atom beam interferometer. Our measurements provide benchmark tests for atomic structure calculations and thus test the underlying theory used to interpret atomic parity non-conservation experiments. We measured $α_{\mathrm{Cs}} = 4πε_0 \times 59.45(11) Å^3$, $α_{\mathrm{Rb}} = 4πε_0 \times 47.44(9) Å^3$, and $α_{\mathrm{K}} = 4πε_0 \times 42.97(8) Å^3$. In atomic units, these measurements are $α_{\mathrm{Cs}} = 401.2(7)$, $α_{\mathrm{Rb}} = 320.1(6)$, and $α_{\mathrm{K}} = 290.0(5)$. We report ratios of polarizabilities $α_{\mathrm{Cs}}/α_{\mathrm{Rb}} = 1.2532(10)$, $α_{\mathrm{Cs}}/α_{\mathrm{K}} = 1.3835(9)$, and $α_{\mathrm{Rb}}/α_{\mathrm{K}} = 1.1040(9)$ with smaller fractional uncertainty because the systematic errors for individual measurements are largely correlated. Since Cs atom beams have short de Broglie wavelengths, we developed measurement methods that do not require resolved atom diffraction. Specifically, we used phase choppers to measure atomic beam velocity distributions, and we used electric field gradients to give the atom interference pattern a phase shift that depends on atomic polarizability.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures, 8 tables
Imaging and addressing of individual fermionic atoms in an optical lattice
Creators: name: Edge, G. J. A.
name: Anderson, R.
name: Jervis, D.
name: McKay, D. C.
name: Day, R.
name: Trotzky, S.
name: Thywissen, J. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate fluorescence microscopy of individual fermionic potassium atoms in a 527-nm-period optical lattice. Using electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) cooling on the 770.1-nm D$_1$ transition of $^{40}$K, we find that atoms remain at individual sites of a 0.3-mK-deep lattice, with a $1/e$ pinning lifetime of $67(9)\,\rm{s}$, while scattering $\sim 10^3$ photons per second. The plane to be imaged is isolated using microwave spectroscopy in a magnetic field gradient, and can be chosen at any depth within the three-dimensional lattice. With a similar protocol, we also demonstrate patterned selection within a single lattice plane. High resolution images are acquired using a microscope objective with 0.8 numerical aperture, from which we determine the occupation of lattice sites in the imaging plane with 94(2)\% fidelity per atom. Imaging with single-atom sensitivity and addressing with single-site accuracy are key steps towards the search for unconventional superfluidity of fermions in optical lattices, the initialization and characterization of transport and non-equilibrium dynamics, and the observation of magnetic domains.
Joule-Thomson expansion of AdS black holes in quasi-topological electromagnetism
Creators: name: Barrientos, José
name: Mena, José
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Joule-Thomson expansion in Einstein-Maxwell theory supplemented with the so-called quasitopological electromagnetism, this in the extended phase space thermodynamic approach. We compute the Joule-Thomson coefficient and depict all relevant inversion and isenthalpic curves in the temperature-pressure plane, determining in this manner the corresponding cooling and heating regions. In contrast with previous related works we show the existence of three branches for the inversion curves which depends on suitable selections of the parameter space of the theory, thus departing from the usual van der Waals behavior which exhibits up to two branches.
description: Published PRD version
Gallup/CNN/USA Today Poll: 2004 Presidential Election
Creators: name: CNN
name: USA Today
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2019

description: How much thought given to upcoming election for president (1); do/do not know where people in neighborhood go to vote (1); ever voted in precinct/election district (1); how often vote (1); plans to vote in presidential election this November (2); absentee/early voting (2); John Kerry and John Edwards vs. George W. Bush and Dick Cheney vs. Ralph Nader and Peter Camejo (2); 2000 presidential election (1).
Potential Economic Benefit of Treatment for Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Uganda
Creators: name: Simpson, Lauren
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Although the majority of the global burden of disease likely occurs in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, there is a paucity of data surveillance and analysis reporting on incidence rate, morbidity, mortality, and economic costs attributable to traumatic brain injury. Methods: A systematic review of all of the epidemiological studies published on TBI in East Africa over the past decade and assessed the available data from those studies was performed. We used a prognostic model to estimate outcomes of conservative and neurosurgical treatment for severe TBI data from a cohort of patients at the national referral hospital of Uganda in the capital city of Kampala during a 13-month study period. To evaluate the long-term impact of treatment for severe TBI, averted DALYs were calculated and converted to dollars using the human capital approach and the value of a statistical life (VSL) approach. This cohort was then used as a representative sample for assessing severe TBI-related benefit for all of Uganda using a combination of this data and explicit assumptions. Results: From May 2008 to June 2009, 127 cases of severe TBI were treated at New Mulago Hospital averting 1,448 DALYs [0,0,0], 1,075 DALYs [3,1,0.04], or 974 DALYs [3,1,0.03]. Using the human capital approach, the economic benefit of intervention ranged from approximately $1.3 million to $1.7 million. The VSL approach estimated an economic benefit of $282,902 to over $11 million. The health benefit of severe TBI for all Ugandans was estimated at between about 11,000 and 17,000 averted DALYs per year with an annual potential economic benefit of $15 million to $20 million using the human capital approach and $3.3 million to $130 million using the VSL approach. Conclusions: Our study suggests that treatment of severe TBI in Uganda has the potential to reduce a significant proportion of morbidity, mortality, and economic burden. The amount of economic gain produced from treating a small cohort of patients indicates the importance of treatment for severe TBI in developing countries in sub-Saharan Africa.
Under Construction: Microfinance Architecture and Public Health Benefits
Creators: name: Brady, Sandra Ruth
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: The number of microfinance institutions in the developing world has exploded since their earliest modern incarnations began to appear in the early 1980s.1 The highly publicized successes of Muhammad Yunus and the Grameen bank have placed microcredit, and associated financial services for the poor, in the spotlight in much of the development community literature. The designation of 2005 as The Year of Microcredit, followed by the awarding of the 2006 Nobel Peace Prize to Yunus and Grameen Bank have increased awareness on the part of a larger audience as well. This paper will examine some key issues discussed in the literature on microfinance against the backdrop of the larger debates over the traditional top-down approach to foreign aid practiced by most Western governments and multilateral organizations like the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The increasing popularity of the bottom-up, or grass-roots, approach to poverty alleviation and other social goals as practiced by nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), as exemplified by the microfinance movement, is in part a recognition of the failure of historical macrolevel policies to effect significant improvements in the lives of the poor in the developing world.1 However, the effort by the World Bank and others to promote their own vision of poverty reduction is played out in the debate over microfinance practices and in the discussion about the role of NGOs in development. Finally, some specific cases of successful microfinance organizations will be presented in order to illustrate how the controversies in the field are addressed in practice.
Fair Ranking as Fair Division: Impact-Based Individual Fairness in Ranking
Creators: name: Saito, Yuta
name: Joachims, Thorsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Rankings have become the primary interface in two-sided online markets. Many have noted that the rankings not only affect the satisfaction of the users (e.g., customers, listeners, employers, travelers), but that the position in the ranking allocates exposure -- and thus economic opportunity -- to the ranked items (e.g., articles, products, songs, job seekers, restaurants, hotels). This has raised questions of fairness to the items, and most existing works have addressed fairness by explicitly linking item exposure to item relevance. However, we argue that any particular choice of such a link function may be difficult to defend, and we show that the resulting rankings can still be unfair. To avoid these shortcomings, we develop a new axiomatic approach that is rooted in principles of fair division. This not only avoids the need to choose a link function, but also more meaningfully quantifies the impact on the items beyond exposure. Our axioms of envy-freeness and dominance over uniform ranking postulate that for a fair ranking policy every item should prefer their own rank allocation over that of any other item, and that no item should be actively disadvantaged by the rankings. To compute ranking policies that are fair according to these axioms, we propose a new ranking objective related to the Nash Social Welfare. We show that the solution has guarantees regarding its envy-freeness, its dominance over uniform rankings for every item, and its Pareto optimality. In contrast, we show that conventional exposure-based fairness can produce large amounts of envy and have a highly disparate impact on the items. Beyond these theoretical results, we illustrate empirically how our framework controls the trade-off between impact-based individual item fairness and user utility.
description: accepted at KDD2022, a few minor updates from the camera ready version
Collision Geometry and Flow in Uranium+Uranium Collisions
Creators: name: Goldschmidt, Andy
name: Qiu, Zhi
name: Shen, Chun
name: Heinz, Ulrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using event-by-event viscous fluid dynamics to evolve fluctuating initial density profiles from the Monte-Carlo Glauber model for U+U collisions, we report a "knee"-like structure in the elliptic flow as a function of collision centrality, located around the 0.5% most central collisions as measured by the final charged multiplicity. This knee is due to the preferential selection of tip-on-tip collision geometries by a high-multiplicity trigger. Such a knee structure is not seen in the STAR data. This rules out the two-component MC-Glauber model for initial energy and entropy production. Hence an enrichment of tip-tip configurations by triggering solely on high-multiplicity in the U+U collisions does not work. On the other hand, by using the Zero Degree Calorimeters (ZDCs) coupled with event-shape engineering such a selection is possible. We identify the selection purity of body-body and tip-tip events in full-overlap U+U collisions. By additionally constraining the asymmetry of the ZDC signals we can further increase the probability of selecting tip-tip events in U+U collisions.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Mesoscopic superconducting memory based on bistable magnetic textures
Creators: name: Fermin, Remko
name: Scheinowitz, Naor
name: Aarts, Jan
name: Lahabi, Kaveh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the ever-increasing energy need to process big data, the realization of low-power computing technologies, such as superconducting logic and memories, has become a pressing issue. Developing fast and non-volatile superconducting memory elements, however, remains a challenge. Superconductor-ferromagnet hybrid devices offer a promising solution, as they combine ultra-fast manipulation of spins with dissipationless readout. Here, we present a new type of non-volatile Josephson junction memory that utilizes the bistable magnetic texture of a single mesoscopic ferromagnet. We use micromagnetic simulations to design an ellipse-shaped planar junction structured from a Nb/Co bilayer. The ellipse can be prepared as uniformly magnetized or as a pair of vortices at zero applied field. The two states yield considerably different critical currents, enabling reliable electrical readout of the element. We describe the mechanism used to control the critical current by applying numerical calculations to quantify the local stray field from the ferromagnet, which shifts the superconducting interference pattern. By combining micromagnetic modeling with bistable spin-textured junctions, our approach presents a novel route towards realizing superconducting memory applications.
dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate effects against hypoxic pulmonary hypertension are not additive
Creators: name: Hampl, Václav
name: Krása, Kryštof
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Other health sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Pulmonary hypertension is a group of disorders characterized by elevated mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance. To test our hypothesis that combining two drugs useful in experimental pulmonary hypertension, statins and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), is more effective than either agent alone, we induced pulmonary hypertension in adult male rats by exposing them to hypoxia (10 %O2) for 3 weeks. We treated them with simvastatin (60 mg/l) and DHEA-S (100 mg/l) in drinking water, either alone or in combination. Both simvastatin and DHEA-S reduced mPAP (froma mean±s.d. of 34.4±4.4 to 27.6±5.9 and 26.7±4.8 mmHg, respectively), yet their combination was not more effective (26.7±7.9 mmHg). Differences in the degree of oxidative stress (indicated by malondialdehydeplasma concentration), the rate of superoxide production (electron paramagnetic resonance), or blood nitric oxide levels (chemiluminescence) did not explain the lack of additivity of the effect of DHEA-S and simvastatin on pulmonary hypertension. We propose that the main mechanism of both drugs on pulmonary hypertension could be their inhibitory effect on 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, which could explain their lack of additivity.
Gallup News Service Poll: Obama/Political Parties
Creators: name: Gallup
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2015

description: Barack Obama job performance (1); Congress job performance (1); satisfaction with direction of country (1); most importance problems (3); good time to find job (1); Obama handling various issues (3); favorability of various political entities (3); Obama or Republicans with more influence (1); Republican Congress majority affecting country (1).
Association Between Medical Financial Burden and Subsequent Health Care Utilization
Creators: name: Sheng, Peter
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Introduction: Medical financial burden has been linked to unfavorable lifestyle changes, diminished access to care, poor psychological well-being, and greater morbidity and mortality. The association between medical financial burden and subsequent health care utilization is still unclear but has implications for affected patients and the health care system.Methods: Among adults in the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Panel 19, the associations between medical financial burden in 2014 and emergency department visits, hospitalizations, medical office visits, and prescription drug usage in 2015, were assessed. Analyses accounted for complex survey design and incorporated regression models to adjust for baseline demographic and clinical characteristics as well as previous year utilization.Results: Based on a sample of 9,561 participants, an estimated 23.5% (95% CI 21.8% to 25.4%) of US adults experienced medical financial burden, which occurred more frequently among those with lower education and income levels, psychological distress, and higher numbers of chronic medical conditions. After adjusting for baseline characteristics and previous year utilization, significantly higher proportions of adults with medical financial burden, compared to the proportion of those without, visited the emergency department (17.2% vs 13.6%, p=0.002) and were hospitalized (9.8% vs 6.9%, p<0.001). Those with medical financial burden also filled more prescription medications (17.51 vs 16.18, p=0.048) but had similar numbers of medical office visits (7.21 vs 7.24, p=0.930), compared to those without the issue. Conclusion: Medical financial burden is associated with increased subsequent health care utilization, which may exert additional financial strain on affected patients and stress capacity constraints in the emergency department system. Further research is needed to better understand the reasons for this association and if the increase in health care utilization is preventable.
Statistical Inference for Partially Observed Markov Processes via the R Package pomp
Creators: name: King, Aaron A.
name: Nguyen, Dao
name: Ionides, Edward L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Partially observed Markov process (POMP) models, also known as hidden Markov models or state space models, are ubiquitous tools for time series analysis. The R package pomp provides a very flexible framework for Monte Carlo statistical investigations using nonlinear, non-Gaussian POMP models. A range of modern statistical methods for POMP models have been implemented in this framework including sequential Monte Carlo, iterated filtering, particle Markov chain Monte Carlo, approximate Bayesian computation, maximum synthetic likelihood estimation, nonlinear forecasting, and trajectory matching. In this paper, we demonstrate the application of these methodologies using some simple toy problems. We also illustrate the specification of more complex POMP models, using a nonlinear epidemiological model with a discrete population, seasonality, and extra-demographic stochasticity. We discuss the specification of user-defined models and the development of additional methods within the programming environment provided by pomp.
description: In press at the Journal of Statistical Software. A version of this paper is provided at the pomp package website: http://kingaa.github.io/pomp
Investigating charge trapping in ferroelectric thin films through transient measurements
Creators: name: Lancaster, Suzanne
name: Lomenzo, Patrick D
name: Engl, Moritz
name: Xu, Bohan
name: Mikolajick, Thomas
name: Schroeder, Uwe
name: Slesazeck, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A measurement technique is presented to quantify the polarization loss in ferroelectric thin films as a function of delay time during the first 100s after switching. This technique can be used to investigate charge trapping in ferroelectric thin films by analyzing the magnitude and rate of polarization loss. Exemplary measurements have been performed on Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) and HZO/Al2O3 films, as a function of pulse width and temperature. It is found that the competing effects of the depolarization field, internal bias field and charge trapping lead to a characteristic Gaussian dependence of the rate of polarization loss on the delay time. From this, a charge trapping and screening model could be identified which describes the dynamics of polarization loss on short timescales.
Eliciting and Learning with Soft Labels from Every Annotator
Creators: name: Collins, Katherine M.
name: Bhatt, Umang
name: Weller, Adrian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The labels used to train machine learning (ML) models are of paramount importance. Typically for ML classification tasks, datasets contain hard labels, yet learning using soft labels has been shown to yield benefits for model generalization, robustness, and calibration. Earlier work found success in forming soft labels from multiple annotators' hard labels; however, this approach may not converge to the best labels and necessitates many annotators, which can be expensive and inefficient. We focus on efficiently eliciting soft labels from individual annotators. We collect and release a dataset of soft labels (which we call CIFAR-10S) over the CIFAR-10 test set via a crowdsourcing study (N=248). We demonstrate that learning with our labels achieves comparable model performance to prior approaches while requiring far fewer annotators -- albeit with significant temporal costs per elicitation. Our elicitation methodology therefore shows nuanced promise in enabling practitioners to enjoy the benefits of improved model performance and reliability with fewer annotators, and serves as a guide for future dataset curators on the benefits of leveraging richer information, such as categorical uncertainty, from individual annotators.
description: Accepted as a Full Paper at the 2022 AAAI Conference on Human Computation and Crowdsourcing
USA Today/Gallup Poll # 2009-TR0211: Alex Rodriquez Steriod Admission
Creators: name: USA Today
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2010

description: Opinion of baseball players (4); baseball players to be elected into Hall of Fame (3); Alex Rodriguez (1); baseball fan (1); feelings (1); future outlook (1); standard of living (2); ability to buy (3); companies hiring (1); city satisfaction (2); walking at night (1); Barack Obama job performance (1); economic conditions (2); money worries (1); satisfaction (1); spending (1); work situation (3); time spent working (3); new job (3); housework (1).
CBS News Poll: Texas Election Day Survey
Creators: name: CBS News
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2013

description: Voted for Lloyd Bentsen/Jim Collins for senator (1); most important issue in vote for senator (2); Lloyd Bentsen is/is not too liberal for Texas (1); voted for Mark White/William Clements, Jr. for governor (1); most important issue in vote for governor (1); President Reagan/Governor Clements more to blame for economic problems in Texas (1); Reagan's economic program (1); Ronald Reagan job performance (1); unemployment in respondent's household (1); 1980 presidential election (1); personal finances (1).
Spontaneous excitation of a static atom in a thermal bath in cosmic string spacetime
Creators: name: Cai, Huabing
name: Yu, Hongwei
name: Zhou, Wenting
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the average rate of change of energy for a static atom immersed in a thermal bath of electromagnetic radiation in the cosmic string spacetime and separately calculate the contributions of thermal fluctuations and radiation reaction. We find that the transition rates are crucially dependent on the atom-string distance and polarization of the atom and they in general oscillate as the atom-string distance varies. Moreover, the atomic transition rates in the cosmic string spacetime can be larger or smaller than those in Minkowski spacetime contingent upon the atomic polarization and position. In particular, when located on the string, ground-state atoms can make a transition to excited states only if they are polarizable parallel to the string, whereas ground state atoms polarizable only perpendicular to the string are stable as if they were in a vacuum, even if they are immersed in a thermal bath. Our results suggest that the influence of a cosmic string is very similar to that of a reflecting boundary in Minkowski spacetime.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures, to appear in PRD
Adsorption of symmetric random copolymer onto symmetric random surface: the annealed case
Creators: name: Polotsky, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Adsorption of a symmetric (AB) random copolymer (RC) onto a symmetric (ab) random heterogeneous surface (RS) is studied in the annealed approximation by using a two-dimensional partially directed walk model of the polymer. We show that in the symmetric case, the expected a posteriori compositions of the RC and the RS have correct values (corresponding to their a priori probabilities) and do not change with the temperature, whereas second moments of monomers and sites distributions in the RC and RS change. This indicates that monomers and sites do not interconvert but only rearrange in order to provide better matching between them and, as a result, a stronger adsorption of the RC on the RS. However, any violation of the system symmetry shifts equilibrium towards the major component and/or more favorable contacts and leads to interconversion of monomers and sites.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures
Towards Cell-Free Massive MIMO: A Measurement-Based Analysis
Creators: name: Löschenbrand, David
name: Hofer, Markus
name: Bernadó, Laura
name: Zelenbaba, Stefan
name: Zemen, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Cell-free widely distributed massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems utilize radio units spread out over a large geographical area. The radio signal of a user equipment (UE) is coherently detected by a subset of radio units (RUs) in the vicinity of the UE and processed jointly at the nearest baseband processing unit (BPU). This architecture promises two orders of magnitude less transmit power, spatial focusing at the UE position for high reliability, and consistent throughput over the coverage area. All these properties have been investigated so far from a theoretical point of view. To the best of our knowledge, this work presents the first empirical radio wave propagation measurements in the form of time-variant channel transfer functions for a linear, widely distributed antenna array with 32 single antenna RUs spread out over a range of 46.5 m. The large aperture allows for valuable insights into the propagation characteristics of cell-free systems. Three different co-located and widely distributed RU configurations and their properties in an urban environment are analyzed in terms of time-variant delay-spread, Doppler spread, path loss and the correlation of the local scattering function over space. For the development of 6G cell-free massive MIMO transceiver algorithms, we analyze properties such as channel hardening, channel aging as well as the signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR). Our empirical evidence supports the promising claims for widely distributed cell-free systems.
description: submitted to IEEE Access, 16 pages, 16 figures
CBS News Poll: Vermont Election Day Survey
Creators: name: CBS News
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2013

description: Voted for James Guest, Jr./Robert Stafford for senator (1); most important issue in vote for senator (2); Robert Stafford is/is not too liberal for Vermont (1); voted for Madeline Kunin/Richard Snelling for governor (1); most important issue in vote for governor (1); President Reagan/Governor Snelling more to blame for economic problems in Vermont (1); Reagan's economic program (1); Ronald Reagan job performance (1); unemployment in respondent's household (1); 1980 presidential election (1); personal finances (1).
On the Scaling Exponent of Polar Codes for Binary-Input Energy-Harvesting Channels
Creators: name: Fong, Silas L.
name: Tan, Vincent Y. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper investigates the scaling exponent of polar codes for binary-input energy-harvesting (EH) channels with infinite-capacity batteries. The EH process is characterized by a sequence of i.i.d. random variables with finite variances. The scaling exponent $μ$ of polar codes for a binary-input memoryless channel (BMC) characterizes the closest gap between the capacity and non-asymptotic rates achieved by polar codes with error probabilities no larger than some non-vanishing $\varepsilon\in(0,1)$. It has been shown that for any $\varepsilon\in(0,1)$, the scaling exponent $μ$ for any binary-input memoryless symmetric channel (BMSC) with $I(q_{Y|X})\in(0,1)$ lies between 3.579 and 4.714 , where the upper bound $4.714$ was shown by an explicit construction of polar codes. Our main result shows that $4.714$ remains to be a valid upper bound on the scaling exponent for any binary-input EH channel, i.e., a BMC subject to additional EH constraints. Our result thus implies that the EH constraints do not worsen the rate of convergence to capacity if polar codes are employed. The main result is proved by leveraging the following three existing results: scaling exponent analyses for BMSCs, construction of polar codes designed for binary-input memoryless asymmetric channels, and the save-and-transmit strategy for EH channels.
description: References updated, typos corrected, to appear in IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
High-order Tail in Schwarzschild Space-time
Creators: name: Casals, Marc
name: Ottewill, Adrian C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of the behaviour at late-times of linear field perturbations of a Schwarzschild black hole space-time. In particular, we give explicit analytic expressions for the field perturbations (for a specific multipole) of general spin up to the first four orders at late times. These expressions are valid at arbitrary radius and include, apart from the well-known power-law tail decay at leading order ($\sim t^{-2\ell-3}$), a new logarithmic behaviour at third leading order ($\sim t^{-2\ell-5}\ln t$). We obtain these late-time results by developing the so-called MST formalism and by expanding the various MST Fourier-mode quantities for small frequency. While we give explicit expansions up to the first four leading orders (for small-frequency for the Fourier modes, for late-time for the field perturbation), we give a prescription for obtaining expressions to arbitrary order within a `perturbative regime'.
description: 39 pages, 10 figures. Small improvements throughout
CBS News Poll: President Barack Obama/Terrorism/ISIS/Syrian Refugees
Creators: name: CBS News
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2017

description: President Barack Obama job performance (1); most important problem (1); Barack Obama handling of various issues (4); impression of Islam (1); confidence in the US government to protect citizens from future terrorist attacks (1); likelihood of terrorist attack (2); fighting terrorism vs. losing privacy (1); anti-terrorism laws vs. civil liberties (1); Syrian refugees (3); U.S. fight against the militant group ISIS (5); U.S. intervention in Iraq and Syria (2).
Night Sky Brightness Measurement, Quality Assessment and Monitoring
Creators: name: Barentine, John C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ground-based optical astronomy necessarily involves sensing the light of astronomical objects along with the contributions of many natural sources ranging from the Earth's atmosphere to cosmological light. In addition, astronomers have long contended with artificial light pollution that further adds to the 'background' against which astronomical objects are seen. Understanding the brightness of the night sky is therefore fundamental to astronomy. The last comprehensive review of this subject was nearly a half-century ago, and we have learned much about both the natural and artificial night sky since. This Review considers which influences determine the total optical brightness of the night sky; the means by which that brightness is measured; and how night sky quality is assessed and monitored in the long term.
description: 39 pages, 6 figures; accepted for publication by Nature Astronomy
CBS News/New York Times Poll: Debate #3
Creators: name: CBS News
name: New York Times
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2004

description: Gerald Ford vs. Jimmy Carter (8); when decided who to vote for (1); agree/disagree with certain statements about some topics in the news these days (6); Gerald Ford job performance (2); how likely to vote for president in November (1); U.S. policy of trying to relax tensions with Russia called "détente" (1); value of experience/need for new ideas is more important (1); interest in presidential election this fall (1); think there is/is not an important difference in what the Republican party and Democratic party stand for (1); how much of the time can trust government to do what's right (1); which party does respondent's candidate generally belong to in presidential elections (1); do/do not know names of the two men running for vice president (1); Henry Kissinger job performance as Secretary of State (1); unemployment/inflation is the more important problem facing the country today (1); positions on major issues/personal qualities and character more important in deciding who to vote for in this presidential election (1); respondent is/is not bothered by Jimmy Carter talking in public about his strong religious beliefs (1); President/Congress is more to blame for the way the government operates in Washington (1); taxes (1); government spending (3); economy (1); how important is it for respondent to vote this year (1); favor/oppose cutting down on military spending (1); think of Gerald Ford as a liberal/moderate/conservative (1); think of Jimmy Carter as a liberal/moderate/conservative (1); government is run for a few big interests/for the benefit of all the people (1); most people who receive money from welfare could get along without it if they tried/really need this help (1); personal finances (1); Watergate (1); presidential debates between Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter (7); Robert Dole vs. Walter Mondale (1); this year's presidential campaign is more/less interesting than campaign four years ago between Richard Nixon and George McGovern (1); voted for Richard Nixon/George McGovern in 1972 presidential election (1); family background (1).
Proof-of-concept Study of Sparse Processing Particle Image Velocimetry for Real Time Flow Observation
Creators: name: Kanda, Naoki
name: Abe, Chihaya
name: Goto, Shintaro
name: Yamada, Keigo
name: Nakai, Kumi
name: Saito, Yuji
name: Asai, Keisuke
name: Nonomura, Taku
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we overview, evaluate, and demonstrate the sparse processing particle image velocimetry (SPPIV) as a real-time flow field estimation method using the particle image velocimetry (PIV), whereas SPPIV was previously proposed with its feasibility study and its real-time demonstration is conducted for the first time in this study. In the wind tunnel test, the PIV measurement and real-time measurement using SPPIV were conducted for the flow velocity field around the NACA0015 airfoil model. The off-line analysis results of the test show that the flow velocity field can be estimated from a small number of processing points by applying SPPIV, and also illustrates the following characteristics of SPPIV. The estimation accuracy improves as the number of processing points increases, whereas the processing time per step increases in proportion to the number of processing points. Therefore, it is necessary to set an optimal number of processing points. In addition, the application of the Kalman filter significantly improves the estimation accuracy with a small number of processing points while suppressing the processing time. When the flow velocity fields with different angles of attack are used as the training data with that of test data, the estimation using SPPIV is found to be reasonable if the difference in angle of attack between the training and test data is equal to or less than 2 deg and the flow phenomena of the training data are similar to that of the test data. For this reason, training data should be prepared at least every 4 deg. Finally, the demonstration of SPPIV as a real-time flow observation was conducted for the first time. In this demonstration, the real-time measurement is found to be possible at a sampling rate of 2000 Hz at 20 or less processing points in the top 10 modes estimation as expected by the off-line analyses.
description: Accepted manuscript for publication in Experiments in Fluids
Stretch diffusion and heat conduction in 1D nonlinear lattices
Creators: name: Gao, Zhibin
name: Li, Nianbei
name: Li, Baowen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the study of 1D nonlinear Hamiltonian lattices, the conserved quantities play an important role in determining the actual behavior of heat conduction. Besides the total energy, total momentum and total stretch could also be conserved quantities. In microcanonical Hamiltonian dynamics, the total energy is always conserved. It was recently argued by Das and Dhar that whenever stretch (momentum) is not conserved in a 1D model, the momentum (stretch) and energy fields exhibit normal diffusion. In this work, we will systematically investigate the stretch diffusions for typical 1D nonlinear lattices. No clear connection between the conserved quantities and heat conduction can be established. The actual situation is more complicated than what Das and Dhar claimed.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
Crossley Poll # 1944-SD: Crossley Presidential Election Polls, South Dakota
Creators: name: Crossley
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2007

description: Literacy (1); vote in 1940 presidential election (1); will/will not vote in 1944 presidential election (1); 1944 presidential election (3); reason for voting for presidential candidate (1); own a telephone (1).
Crossley Poll # 1944-WA: Crossley Presidential Election Polls, Washington
Creators: name: Crossley
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2007

description: Literacy (1); vote in 1940 presidential election (1); will/will not vote in 1944 presidential election (1); 1944 presidential election (3); reason for voting for presidential candidate (1); own a telephone (1).
Ultrafast coherent interlayer phonon dynamics in atomically thin layers of MnBi2Te4
Creators: name: Bartram, F. Michael
name: Leng, Yu-Chen
name: Wang, Yongchao
name: Liu, Liangyang
name: Chen, Xue
name: Peng, Huining
name: Li, Hao
name: Yu, Pu
name: Wu, Yang
name: Lin, Miao-Ling
name: Zhang, Jinsong
name: Tan, Ping-Heng
name: Yang, Luyi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The atomically thin MnBi2Te4 crystal is a novel magnetic topological insulator, exhibiting exotic quantum physics. Here we report a systematic investigation of ultrafast carrier dynamics and coherent interlayer phonons in few-layer MnBi2Te4 as a function of layer number using time-resolved pump-probe reflectivity spectroscopy. Pronounced coherent phonon oscillations from the interlayer breathing mode are directly observed in the time domain. We find that the coherent oscillation frequency, the photocarrier and coherent phonon decay rates all depend sensitively on the sample thickness. The time-resolved measurements are complemented by ultralow-frequency Raman spectroscopy measurements, which both confirm the interlayer breathing mode and additionally enable observation of the interlayer shear mode. The layer dependence of these modes allows us to extract both the out-of-plane and in-plane interlayer force constants. Our studies not only reveal the interlayer van der Waals coupling strengths, but also shed light on the ultrafast optical properties of this novel two-dimensional material.