cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A study of multiscale density fluctuation measurements
Creators: name: Basse, N. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Intriguing parallels between density fluctuation power versus wavenumber on small (mm) and large (Mpc) scales are presented. The comparative study is carried out between fusion plasma measurements and cosmological data. Based on predictions from classical fluid turbulence theory, we argue that our observations are consistent with 2D turbulence. The similar dependencies of density fluctuations on these disparate scales might indicate that primordial turbulence has been expanded to cosmological proportions.
description: Four pages, three figures. Accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
Two-dimensional Inflow-Wind Solution of Hot Accretion Flow. I. Hydrodynamics
Creators: name: Mosallanezhad, Amin
name: Zeraatgari, Fatemeh Zahra
name: Mei, Liquan
name: Bu, De-Fu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We solve the two-dimensional hydrodynamic equations of hot accretion flow in the presence of the thermal conduction. The flow is assumed to be in steady-state and axisymmetric, and self-similar approximation is adopted in the radial direction. In this hydrodynamic study, we consider the viscous stress tensor to mimic the effects of the magnetorotational instability for driving angular momentum. We impose the physical boundary conditions at both the rotation axis and the equatorial plane and obtain the solutions in the full $ r-θ$ space. We have found that thermal conduction is indispensable term for investigating the inflow-wind structure of the hot accretion flows with very low mass accretion rates. One of the most interesting results here is that the disc is convectively stable in hot accretion mode and in the presence of the thermal conduction. Furthermore, the properties of wind and also its driving mechanisms are studied. Our analytical results are consistent with previous numerical simulations of hot accretion flow.
description: 20 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Mathematical Modelling of Oxygen Membrane Reactors
Creators: name: Bittner, Kai
name: Büddefeld, Bernd
name: Margaritis, Nikolaos
name: Schulze-Küppers, Falk
name: Wolters, Jörg
name: Natour, Ghaleb
Publisher: name: Forschungzentrum Jülich
Year: 2023

description: Autumn School 2023 - Inorganic electrochemical reactors for sustainable chemicals, fuels and power production, Valencia, Spain, 24 Oct 2023 - 26 Oct 2023
description: Oxygen Membrane Reactors offer an opportunity towards the transition to renewable energies and defossilized economies by efficiently coupling chemical reactions and heat utilization. Typically, an oxygen conducting membrane is used to separate a chamber with an oxygen releasing reaction from a chamber with an oxygen consuming reaction. This establishes a gradient in oxygen partial pressure across the membrane, which serves as the driving force for the oxygen transport. To identify viable processes, mathematical models are needed that allow a straightforward assessment. In this work, a generalized model is presented that can be applied to arbitrary oxygen membrane reactor concepts. The model assumes chemical equilibrium which is realized by minimizing the Gibbs free energy in the individual reaction chambers. Both reaction chambers are coupled by the Wagner equation to account for the oxygen ion flux through the membrane. The model allows to investigate various process parameters such as oxygen flux and gas compositions, making the model particularly suitable for feasibility studies and initial design iterations for new reactor developments.
Construction of a giant vortex state in a trapped Fermi system
Creators: name: Lundh, Emil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A superfluid atomic Fermi system may support a giant vortex if the trapping potential is anharmonic. In such a potential, the single-particle spectrum has a positive curvature as a function of angular momentum. A tractable model is put up in which the lowest and next lowest Landau levels are occupied. Different parameter regimes are identified and characterized. Due to the dependence of the interaction on angular momentum quantum number, the Cooper pairing is at its strongest not only close to the Fermi level, but also close to the energy minimum. It is shown that the gas is superfluid in the interior of the toroidal density distribution and normal in the outer regions. Furthermore, the pairing may give rise to a localized density depression in configuration space.
description: 12 pages, 14 figure files
THE LINK BETWEEN ENTREPRENEURIAL AUTONOMY AND NEW VENTURE INITIATION
Creators: name: Smith, , Jonathan
name: Ramirez,, Miguel
Publisher: name: noland journals
Year: 2024
Subjects: Independence, Pull factor, Venture creation, Autonomy, Freedom

description: The study investigates the nexus between desire for independence and new venture creation in Oredo local government area of Edo State. The study adopted a survey design. The study's population comprised of 279 serving corps member, from which the same figure was chosen as the sample size. Data were collected through primary source.  Copies of questionnaire were distributed and hypotheses were tested using logistic regression. The findings revealed that independence has significant effect on new venture creation. The study recommended that, there is need for skill training and development programmes anchored on supporting young graduates to be independent, as it has a greater capacity to ensure they develop the will power to create a new venture.
Supplemental Table1 and 2 - JCEM .docx
Creators: name: Schoeb, Manuela
name: Winter, Elizabeth M.
name: Sleddering, Maria A.
name: Lips, Mirjam
name: Schepers, Abbey
name: Snel, Marieke
name: Appelman-Dijkstra, Natasha M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 110306 Endocrinology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Supplemental Table 1 and 2
Two-loop Functional Renormalization Group of the Random Field and Random Anisotropy O(N) Models
Creators: name: Tissier, Matthieu
name: Tarjus, Gilles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study by the perturbative Functional Renormalization Group (FRG) the Random Field and Random Anisotropy O(N) models near $d=4$, the lower critical dimension of ferromagnetism. The long-distance physics is controlled by zero-temperature fixed points at which the renormalized effective action is nonanalytic. We obtain the beta functions at 2-loop order, showing that despite the nonanalytic character of the renormalized effective action, the theory is perturbatively renormalizable at this order. The physical results obtained at 2-loop level, most notably concerning the breakdown of dimensional reduction at the critical point and the stability of quasi-long range order in $d<4$, are shown to fit into the picture predicted by our recent non-perturbative FRG approach.
description: 19 pages, 20 figures. Minor corrections
Protein-Protein Interactions of Rob and SoxS and their role in stress defense response systems in Escherichia coli.
Creators: name: Taliaferro, Lanyn Perez
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2011
Subjects: Binary Complexes
Protein-Protein
RNAP Sigma
Rob
Sequestration-Dispersal
SoxS

description: Escherichia coli Rob, SoxS and MarA are monomeric members of the AraC/XylS family of transcription activators, possessing two helix-turn-helix motifs that are used for DNA binding and transcription activation. SoxS and MarA are synthesized de novo in response to superoxide stress and salicylate. Rob is unique, being constitutively expressed at 5,000-10,000 molecules per cell, but maintained in an inactive form by being sequestered into 3-4 intracellular aggregates. Dipyridyl (DIP) and bile salts (DEC) induce Rob activity, by dispersing the aggregates into monomers that activate transcription of 40-50 genes that mediate the cell's defense response against the above stresses. Rob's activity is controlled by sequestration-dispersal (S-D), a new mechanism of induction where under normal conditions Rob resides in an inactive, sequestered state, primed to be dispersed in response to environmental stress. Our goal is to determine how Rob is sequestered and whether a cytoplasmic factor converts dispersed, active Rob into its inactive, sequestered form. In this study, Rob was tagged with Protein A or His?? and protein complex immunoprecipitation was carried out to isolate complexes between Rob and the putative factor (Chapter IV). Potential protein partners of Rob were then identified by mass spectrometry. In addition, we conducted alanine-scanning mutagenesis of Rob's C-terminal domain (CTD), the portion of the protein shown previously to be necessary and sufficient for S-D (Chapter II). In previous work, several regions important in aggregation and induction were identified using quad alanine-scanning mutagenesis. In this work, single alanine mutants of these regions were made in order to identify the amino acids important to the formation or maintenance of the aggregates or to inducer binding. Several mutant phenotypes of Rob were observed: constitutive, uninducible, partially constitutive/inducible and super-aggregated/inducible. Furthermore, direct protein-protein interactions between Rob and RNAP were identified at class II promoters (Chapter V). Moreover, we determined Rob's orientation at class II promoters and demonstrated that Rob occludes ??? region 4 from binding the -35 hexamer at class II promoters (Chapter V). Finally, Rob was shown to form in vivo binary complexes with RNAP, which supports pre-recruitment as Rob's mechanism of transcription activation (Chapter III).
Die Herausforderung durch die afrikanischen heilenden Gemeinschaften
Creators: name: Onyinah, Opoku
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 69 Nr. 1 (2020): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 69, Heft 1
Spectral Implications of Atomic Uncertainties in Optically-thin Hot Plasmas
Creators: name: Heuer, Keri
name: Foster, Adam R.
name: Smith, Randall
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two new high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy missions, XRISM and Athena, will observe deeper and with higher X-ray resolution than ever before possible. Interpreting these new X-ray spectra will require understanding the impact that uncertainties on fundamental atomic quantities such as collisional cross sections, transition rates, and wavelengths have on spectral models. As millions of values are required to generate even a simple model of an optically-thin hot plasma, most such rates exist only as theoretical calculations. We have developed methods to estimate the uncertainty in the final spectral calculations based on published experimental data and plausible approximations to the uncertainties in the underlying atomic data. We present an extension to the pyatomdb code that implements these methods and investigate the sensitivity of selected strong diagnostic lines in the X-ray bandpass (0.3-12 keV).
description: 18 pages, 9 figures, to be published in ApJ
Masters minor recital
Creators: name: Lodewyk, Aubrey
Publisher: name: University of Cape Town
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 360304
subject: Music performance
classificationCode: 360302
subject: Music composition and improvisation
classificationCode: 360303
subject: Music education

description: Masters minor recital of Schubert's dramatic Lieder based on poems by Goethe
The recital took place on the 14th November 2023.
Final Report of the Muon E821 Anomalous Magnetic Moment Measurement at BNL
Creators: name: Muon
name: Collaboration
name: :
name: Bennett, G. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the final report from a series of precision measurements of the muon anomalous magnetic moment, a_mu = (g-2)/2. The details of the experimental method, apparatus, data taking, and analysis are summarized. Data obtained at Brookhaven National Laboratory, using nearly equal samples of positive and negative muons, were used to deduce a_mu(Expt) = 11 659 208.0(5.4)(3.3) x 10^-10, where the statistical and systematic uncertainties are given, respectively. The combined uncertainty of 0.54 ppm represents a 14-fold improvement compared to previous measurements at CERN. The standard model value for a_mu includes contributions from virtual QED, weak, and hadronic processes. While the QED processes account for most of the anomaly, the largest theoretical uncertainty, ~0.55 ppm, is associated with first-order hadronic vacuum polarization. Present standard model evaluations, based on e+e- hadronic cross sections, lie 2.2 - 2.7 standard deviations below the experimental result.
description: Summary paper of E821 Collaboration measurements of the muon anomalous magnetic moment, each reported earlier in Letters or Brief Reports; 96 pages, 41 figures, 16 tables. Revised version submitted to PRD
CARONTE: Crawling Adversarial Resources Over Non-Trusted, High-Profile Environments
Creators: name: Campobasso, Michele
name: Burda, Pavlo
name: Allodi, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The monitoring of underground criminal activities is often automated to maximize the data collection and to train ML models to automatically adapt data collection tools to different communities. On the other hand, sophisticated adversaries may adopt crawling-detection capabilities that may significantly jeopardize researchers' opportunities to perform the data collection, for example by putting their accounts under the spotlight and being expelled from the community. This is particularly undesirable in prominent and high-profile criminal communities where entry costs are significant (either monetarily or for example for background checking or other trust-building mechanisms). This paper presents CARONTE, a tool to semi-automatically learn virtually any forum structure for parsing and data-extraction, while maintaining a low profile for the data collection and avoiding the requirement of collecting massive datasets to maintain tool scalability. We showcase the tool against four underground forums, and compare the network traffic it generates (as seen from the adversary's position, i.e. the underground community's server) against state-of-the-art tools for web-crawling as well as human users.
Global-Scale Turbulent Convection and Magnetic Dynamo Action in the Solar Envelope
Creators: name: Brun, Allan Sacha
name: Miesch, Mark S.
name: Toomre, Juri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The operation of the solar global dynamo appears to involve many dynamical elements. Self-consistent MHD simulations which realistically incorporate all of these processes are not yet computationally feasible, though some elements can now be studied with reasonable fidelity. Here we consider the manner in which turbulent compressible convection within the bulk of the solar convection zone can generate large-scale magnetic fields through dynamo action. We accomplish this through a series of three-dimensional numerical simulations of MHD convection within rotating spherical shells using our ASH code on massively parallel supercomputers. Since differential rotation is a key ingredient in all dynamo models, we also examine here the nature of the rotation profiles that can be sustained within the deep convection zone as strong magnetic fields are built and maintained. We find that the convection is able to maintain a solar-like angular velocity profile despite the influence of Maxwell stresses which tend to oppose Reynolds stresses and thus reduce the latitudinal angular velocity contrast throughout the convection zone. The dynamo-generated magnetic fields exhibit a complex structure and evolution, with radial fields concentrated in downflow lanes and toroidal fields organized into twisted ribbons which are extended in longitude and which achieve field strengths of up to 5000 G. The flows and fields exhibit substantial kinetic and magnetic helicity although systematic hemispherical patterns are only apparent in the former. Fluctuating fields dominate the magnetic energy and account for most of the back-reaction on the flow via Lorentz forces. Mean fields are relatively weak and do not exhibit systematic latitudinal propagation or periodic polarity reversals as in the sun. This may be attributed to the absence of a tachocline.
description: 55 pages (ApJ refereeing format), 15 figures (low res), published by ApJ on October 2004 (abstract slightly reduced in order to fit in 24 lines limit) see also Browning, Miesch, Brun & Toomre 2006, ApJL, 648, 157 (astro-ph/0609153) for the effect of a tachocline in organizing the mean fields
Training Material and SMEs and Startup Acceleration Program Activities (Final)
Creators: name: Gonzalez-Usach, Regel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Network App
Training
Acceleration Program
SMEs
Startups
Wiki
Events
Forum
Library

description: This document, namely Deliverable 6.3 “Training Material and SMEs and Startup Acceleration Program Activities (Final)”, represents the final report on the activities performed in Task 6.1 “Developers-oriented Events and Related Training Material” and Task 6.2 “SMEs and Startup Acceleration Program” during second period of report of Work Package 6 (M17-M36) of the H2020 EVOLVED-5G Project. These activities have progressed since the achievement of Milestone Ms5 “Training Material and Startup Acceleration Program fully active” until the end of Word Package 6 at M36.

In this regard, this report encompasses the progress and results of both Task 6.1 and Task 6.2 and their respective associated programs during Period 2: the Technical Training Program addressed to developer, academia and student communities, and the Acceleration Program targeted to SMEs and entrepreneurs. Several training activities have taken place as developer-oriented events, such as workshops or seminars, a series of free on-demand open training courses for developers, related to the EVOLVED-5G vision and technical outcomes have been published as MOOCs on well-known educational platforms. Those activities and courses provided training on EVOLVED-5G technical topics and promoting the engagement of open-source and academic communities towards the embracement of the EVOLVED-5G project and the associated technical achievements developed. Morevoer, a Wiki for the developer community has been created and maintained, and technical support regarding EVOLVED-5G artifacts and technical topics is provided in the EVOLVED-5G Forum.

In the scope of the acceleration program, specific activities have been defined for the business acceleration of SMEs and Startups, and several organizations around Europe have been contacted and engaged, with the major goal to foster Community Building among SMEs, entrepreneurs and other stakeholders around the EVOLVED-5G project and its technical developments.

Furthermore, several online resources around EVOLVED-5G vision and technical related topics have been developed in the scope of both programs, which will be active for potential stakeholders and the EVOLVED-5G Community after the lifetime of the project. Those elements compose the Community block of the EVOLVED-5G architecture, and are namely i) a Wiki ii) a Forum iii) a set of Open Online Training Courses with an associated Space and iv) a Library of resources. This action is in line with the overarching goal of WP6: to supply all necessary elements within the Community around EVOLVED-5G vision and technical outcomes to ensure the project's success both during and after its conclusion. This entails securing its continuity, enhancing visibility and awareness, and fostering the continued utilization of EVOLVED-5G's technical accomplishments, not only within the industry sector but also potentially across any other sectors.
title: Efficacité de la physiothérapie versus auto-prise en charge ou intervention chirurgicale lors d’un conflit fémoro-acétabulaire
title: Efficacité de la physiothérapie versus auto-prise en charge ou intervention chirurgicale lors d’un conflit fémoro-acétabulaire
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Marchand, Malaïca
name: Oppliger, Morgane
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: subject: conflit fémoro-acétabulaire
subject: physiothérapie
subject: douleur
subject: fonction
subject: qualité de vie
subject: hesav TB Phy

description: Introduction : Le conflit fémoro-acétabulaire (CFA) est la conséquence d’altérations morphologiques de la hanche affectant le quotidien du patient et occasionnant des douleurs et de l’incapacité fonctionnelle. Les options thérapeutiques actuelles sont la physiothérapie, la chirurgie et l’auto-prise en charge. Objectif : Cette revue de la littérature a pour but de comparer l’efficacité de la physiothérapie à une auto-prise en charge ou une intervention chirurgicale chez des patients présentant un conflit fémoro-acétabulaire, diagnostiqué à partir des critères résultant de la rencontre de Doha. Méthode : La recherche d’articles a été effectuée sur les bases de données Pubmed, Cinahl et Pedro. Quatre études randomisées ont été retenues et évaluées grâce à la grille Pedro. Quatre outcomes ont été évalués : la douleur, les activités de la vie quotidienne (ADL) et les activités sportives, la qualité de vie et la fonction des membres inférieurs. Résultats : L’auto-prise en charge améliore la douleur, les ADL et le sport à court terme. La chirurgie améliore la qualité de vie à court et long terme. La physiothérapie améliore les douleurs à court terme et les ADL et le sport à long terme. La fonctionnalité des membres inférieurs est améliorée par la physiothérapie et la chirurgie. Conclusion : Bien que des bénéfices soient obtenus pour chaque traitement, la supériorité d’un traitement ne peut être démontrée. Des études supplémentaires représentant des temporalités et des modalités de traitements uniformes permettraient de tirer une conclusion plus franche.
Supplementary material from Assessing intrastate shipments from interstate data and expert opinion
Creators: name: Brommesson, Peter
name: Sellman, Stefan
name: Beck-Johnson, Lindsay
name: Hallman, Clayton
name: Deedra Murrieta
name: Webb, Colleen T
name: Miller, Ryan S
name: Portacci, Katie
name: Lindström, Tom
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 60102 Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Health Care
subject: Diseases
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 10202 Biological Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Live animal shipments are a potential route for transmitting animal diseases between holdings and are crucial when modelling spread of infectious diseases. Yet, complete contact networks are not available in all countries, including the USA. Here, we considered a 10% sample of Interstate Certificate of Veterinary Inspections from 1 year (2009). We focused on distance dependence in contacts and investigated how different functional forms affect estimates of unobserved intrastate shipments. To further enhance our predictions, we included responses from an expert elicitation survey about the proportion of shipments moving intrastate. We used hierarchical Bayesian modelling to estimate parameters describing the kernel and effects of expert data. We considered three functional forms of spatial kernels and the inclusion or exclusion of expert data. The resulting six models were ranked by WAIC and DIC and evaluated through within- and out-of-sample validation. We showed that predictions of intrastate shipments were mildly influenced by the functional form of the spatial kernel but kernel shapes that permitted a fat tail at large distances while maintaining a plateau shaped behaviour at short distances better were preferred. Furthermore, our study showed that expert data may not guarantee enhanced predictions when expert estimate are disparate.
Exact Landau Levels in Two-Dimensional Electron Systems with Rashba and Dresselhaus Spin-Orbit Interactions in a Perpendicular Magnetic Field
Creators: name: Zhang, Degang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a two-dimensional electron system in the presence of both Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit interactions in a perpendicular magnetic field. Defining two suitable boson operators and using the unitary transformations we are able to obtain the exact Landau levels in the range of all the parameters. When the strengths of the Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit interactions are equal, a new analytical solution for the vanishing Zeeman energy is found, where the orbital and spin wave functions of electron are separated. It is also shown that in this case the Zeeman and spin-orbit splittings are independent of the Landau level index $n$. Due to the Zeeman energy, new crossing between the eigenstates $|n, k, s=1, σ>$ and $|n+1, k, s^\prime =-1, σ^\prime>$ is produced at certain magnetic field for larger Rashba spin-orbit coupling. This degeneracy leads to a resonant spin Hall conductance if it happens at the Fermi level.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure
Patient, Provider and Payer Characteristics Associated with Antipsychotic drug polypharmacy
Creators: name: Ogbru, Enifome O.
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2009
Subjects: co-prescribing
monotherapy
mutiple antipsychotics
patient characteristics
physician specialty
polypharmacy

description: Objectives. Antipsychotic drug polypharmacy, the practice of using more than one antipsychotic drug to manage psychotic disorders is an increasing practice although studies are needed to understand factors that contribute to this practice particularly in ambulatory care settings. The purpose of this study were to evaluate current prescribing trends in antipsychotic drug polypharmacy, assess patient demographic factors related to antipsychotic drug polypharmacy and to determine provider characteristics that are associated with antipsychotic drug polypharmacy in office based settings. Methods. The study combined 2002, 2003 and 2004 data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey ( NAMCS) to investigate the proportion of patients that were prescribed multiple antipsychotics compared to single antipsychotics. A logistic regression analysis and a chi- square test were used to examine the correlation between patient characteristics as well as provider variables and prescribing of multiple antipsychotic drugs. Results. Antipsychotic monotherapy were prescribed for 91.8% ( N= 762) of the patients meeting the criteria of the study compared to 8.2% ( N= 68) prescribed antipsychotic polypharmacy making a total sample size of 830 patients. The patient’s age, gender and physician specialty had no significant role in the physicians’ decision to prescribe single or multiple antipsychotics in the same patient. Based on a chi- square test, patients classified as non- White were more likely to receive multiple antipsychotic drugs compared to White individuals. Patients whose method of payment were reported as Medicare were up to twice as likely to receive multiple antipsychotic drugs compared to those with private insurance Wald( 1)= 3.99, p=. 046, Exp( B)= 2.59. Likewise, the Medicaid payment status increased antipsychotic polypharmacy rate by three times, Wald( 1)= 8.13, p= 004, Exp ( B)= 3.49. Conclusions. The influence of age and patient payment status on antipsychotic prescribing patterns need further investigation. More studies are necessary to determine why some patients are predisposed to antipsychotic polypharmacy.
Dispersion force for materials relevant for micro and nanodevices fabrication
Creators: name: Gusso, Andre
name: Delben, Guilherme J
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dispersion (van der Waals and Casimir) force between two semi-spaces are calculated using the Lifshitz theory for different materials relevant for micro and nanodevices fabrication, namely, gold, silicon, gallium arsenide, diamond and two types of diamond-like carbon (DLC), silicon carbide, silicon nitride and silicon dioxide. The calculations were performed using recent experimental optical data available in the literature, usually ranging from the far infrared up to the extreme ultraviolet bands of the electromagnetic spectrum. The results are presented in the form of a correction factor to the Casimir force predicted between perfect conductors, for the separation between the semi-spaces varying from 1 nanometre up to 1 micrometre. The relative importance of the contributions to the dispersion force of the optical properties in different spectral ranges is analyzed. The role of the temperature for semiconductors and insulators is also addressed. The results are meant to be useful for the estimation of the impact of the Casimir and van der Waals forces on the operational parameters of micro and nanodevices.
Dilated-Scale-Aware Attention ConvNet For Multi-Class Object Counting
Creators: name: Xu, Wei
name: Liang, Dingkang
name: Zheng, Yixiao
name: Ma, Zhanyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Object counting aims to estimate the number of objects in images. The leading counting approaches focus on the single category counting task and achieve impressive performance. Note that there are multiple categories of objects in real scenes. Multi-class object counting expands the scope of application of object counting task. The multi-target detection task can achieve multi-class object counting in some scenarios. However, it requires the dataset annotated with bounding boxes. Compared with the point annotations in mainstream object counting issues, the coordinate box-level annotations are more difficult to obtain. In this paper, we propose a simple yet efficient counting network based on point-level annotations. Specifically, we first change the traditional output channel from one to the number of categories to achieve multiclass counting. Since all categories of objects use the same feature extractor in our proposed framework, their features will interfere mutually in the shared feature space. We further design a multi-mask structure to suppress harmful interaction among objects. Extensive experiments on the challenging benchmarks illustrate that the proposed method achieves state-of-the-art counting performance.
Supplementary figures and tables from Ecological generalism and physiology mediate fish biogeographic ranges under ocean warming
Creators: name: Hayes, Chloe
name: Mitchell, Angus
name: Mellin, Camille
name: Booth, David J
name: Ravasi, Timothy
name: Nagelkerken, Ivan
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 310399
subject: Ecology not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 310901
subject: Animal behaviour
classificationCode: 310908
subject: Animal physiology - biophysics
classificationCode: 310909
subject: Animal physiology - cell
classificationCode: 310910
subject: Animal physiology - systems

description: Climate-driven species redistributions are facilitated by niche modifications that increase a species' chances of establishment in novel communities. It is well-understood how range-extending species adjust individual niche traits when entering novel environments, yet whether modification of ecological niche traits collectively alter the pace of range-extensions or -contractions remains unknown. We quantified habitat niche, abundance, physiological performance and cellular defence/damage of range-extending coral reef fishes and coexisting local temperate fishes along a 2000 km latitudinal gradient. We also assessed their dietary and behavioural niches, and establishment potential, to understand whether ecological generalism facilitates successful range extension of coral reef fishes. The coral reef fish that increased all ecological niches, showed stronger establishment, increased physiological performance and cellular damage, but decreased cellular defence at their cold-range edge, whereas tropical species that showed unmodified ecological niches showed lower establishment. One temperate species showed decreased abundance, habitat niche width and body condition, but increased cellular defence, cellular damage and energy reserves at their warm-trailing range, while other temperate species showed contrasting responses. Therefore, ecological generalists might be more successful than ecological specialists during the initial stages of climate change, with increasing future warming strengthening this pattern by physiologically benefitting tropical generalists but disadvantaging temperate specialists.
Effects of Employment on Mental Health for those with Severe Mental Illness
Creators: name: Gibbons, Brent Joseph
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2013
Subjects: disability
health policy
mental health
severe mental illness
supported employment
vocational rehabilitation

description: Clearer answers as to how employment affects both the mental health status and use of mental health services by those with a severe and persistent mental illness (SMI) will help states determine if and how such vocational services should be offered. Results may also inform the psychiatric treatment community of the significance (if any) that working has in one's overall treatment and recovery process. 	This study estimates the causal effect that employment has on two groups of outcome variables, 1) mental health status and 2) mental health costs, controlling for endogeneity. The same outcomes are used in assessing competitive and non-competitive employment. 	The two primary data sources are 1) the Outcomes Measurement Survey (OMS) for those using Maryland's Public Mental Health System (PMHS) and 2) Maryland PMHS claims data for the same persons and time period. The design is quasi-experimental, with a "treatment" group and a "control" group defined by employment status in the 2nd of 3 consecutive OMS interviews. Full information maximum likelihood (FIML) estimations simultaneously model the potentially endogenous employment status and the outcome variable. 	The population is persons with a SMI, covered through Maryland's PMHS between September 2006 and August 2009. Analyses are performed for the total population and separately for subpopulation groups defined by a) means of eligibility for PMHS coverage, b) duration receiving services at a mental health clinic prior to the study, and c) diagnosis groups. 	Outcome results are mixed, with mental health status not showing improvement, but total mental health costs being significantly decreased for those in the treatment group. Heterogeneity in treatment effects is observed for subpopulations and for different prior mental health scores. Finally, effects of competitive employment on mental health outcomes are significantly different and better than non-competitive effects. 	Policy implications are that vocational rehabilitation programs may have cost offsets in the form of reduced mental health costs. Analyses also show competitive employment is advantageous on mental health outcomes. Lastly, employment may have aggravating effects on mental health for some individuals, which is is motivation for better integration between mental health providers and vocational rehabilitation providers.
Letter from Colin C. MacRae to the Rainbow Ranche, December 3, 1909
Creators: name: MacRae, Colin C.
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Letter from Colin C. MacRae, manager of the Royal Bank in Vernon, B.C., to Rainbow Ranche, dated December 3, 1909, regarding notice of a draft from A.P. McKenzie of $67.85.
Quantum Mechanical Fluctuations at the End of Inflation
Creators: name: Heyl, Jeremy S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: During the inflationary phase of the early universe, quantum fluctuations in the vacuum generate particles as they stretch beyond the Hubble length. These fluctuations are thought to result in the density fluctuations and gravitational radiation that we can try to observe today. It is possible to calculate the quantum-mechanical evolution of these fluctuations during inflation and the subsequent expansion of the universe until the present day. The present calculation of this evolution directly exposes the particle creation during accelerated expansion and while a fluctuation is larger than the Hubble length. Because all fluctuations regardless of their scale today began as the vacuum state in the early universe, the current quantum mechanical state of fluctuations is correlated on different scales and in different directions.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, corrected bibliography
The Peculiar Transient AT2018cow: A Possible Origin of A Type Ibn/IIn Supernova
Creators: name: Xiang, Danfeng
name: Wang, Xiaofeng
name: Lin, Weili
name: Mo, Jun
name: Lin, Han
name: Burke, Jamison
name: Hiramatsu, Daichi
name: Hosseinzadeh, Griffin
name: Howell, D. Andrew
name: McCully, Curtis
name: Valenti, Stefan
name: Vinkó, József
name: Wheeler, J. Craig
name: Ehgamberdiev, Shuhrat A.
name: Mirzaqulov, Davron
name: Bódi, Attila
name: Bognár, Zsófia
name: Cseh, Borbála
name: Hanyecz, Ottó
name: Ignácz, Bernadett
name: Kalup, Csilla
name: Könyves-Tóth, Réka
name: Kriskovics, Levente
name: Ordasi, András
name: Pál, András
name: Sárneczky, Krisztián
name: Seli, Bálint
name: Szakáts, Róbert
name: Arranz-Heras, T.
name: Benavides-Palencia, R.
name: Cejudo-Martínez, D.
name: De la Fuente-Fernández, P.
name: Escartín-Pérez, A.
name: la Cuesta, F. García-De
name: González-Carballo, J. L.
name: González-Farfán, R.
name: Limón-Martínez, F.
name: Mantero, A.
name: Naves-Nogués, R.
name: Morales-Aimar, M.
name: Ruíz-Ruíz, V. R.
name: Soldán-Alfaro, F. C.
name: Valero-Pérez, J.
name: Violat-Bordonau, F.
name: Zhang, Tianmeng
name: Zhang, Jujia
name: Li, Xue
name: Chen, Zhihao
name: Sai, Hanna
name: Li, Wenxiong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present our photometric and spectroscopic observations on the peculiar transient AT2018cow. The multi-band photometry covers from peak to $\sim$70 days and the spectroscopy ranges from 5 to $\sim$50 days. The rapid rise ($t_{\mathrm{r}}$$\lesssim$2.9 days), high luminosity ($M_{V,\mathrm{peak}}\sim-$20.8 mag) and fast decline after peak make AT2018cow stand out of any other optical transients. While we find that its light curves show high resemblance to those of type Ibn supernovae. Moreover, the spectral energy distribution remains high temperature of $\sim$14,000 K after $\sim$15 days since discovery. The spectra are featureless in the first 10 days, while some broad emission lines due to H, He, C and O emerge later, with velocity declining from $\sim$14,000 km s$^{-1}$ to $\sim$3000 km s$^{-1}$ at the end of our observations. Narrow and weak He I emission lines emerge in the spectra at $t>$20 days since discovery. These emission lines are reminiscent of the features seen in interacting supernovae like type Ibn and IIn subclasses. We fit the bolometric light curves with a model of circumstellar interaction (CSI) and radioactive decay (RD) of \Ni and find a good fit with ejecta mass $M_{\mathrm{ej}}\sim$3.16 M$_{\odot}$, circumstellar material mass $M_{\mathrm{CSM}}\sim$0.04 M$_{\odot}$, and ejected \Ni mass $M_{^{56}\mathrm{Ni}}\sim$0.23 M$_{\odot}$. The CSM shell might be formed in an eruptive mass ejection of the progenitor star. Furthermore, host environment of AT2018cow implies connection of AT2018cow with massive stars. Combining observational properties and the light curve fitting results, we conclude that AT2018cow might be a peculiar interacting supernova originated from a massive star.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
On the regulation of T helper type 2 (Th2) responses
Creators: name: Altin, John Andrew
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: T cells
subject: Immune response

description: Helper T cells are required for normal immune function and act by marshalling the activity of other immune cell types. Their biology is dominated by a paradigm in which cells adopt mutually antagonistic functional specializations following their activation. One such specialization, adopted by "T helper type 2 (Th2)" cells, is characterized by the production of cytokines including IL-4 that drive a response dominated by the production of IgG and IgE antibodies, and the recruitment of innate inflammatory cells such as mast cells, basophils and eosinophils. A response of this kind mediates protection against extracellular parasites such as helminths, but can also underlie the maladaptive reaction to innocuous non-self antigens that appears central to the etiology of allergy. The possibility for this latter deleterious kind of immune response motivates the work presented in this thesis. In particular, this thesis addresses the following question: how is the Th2 response regulated? Put another way: what cellular and molecular constraints ensure that Th2 cells do not expand inappropriately? In general, the regulation of helper T cell responses is known to occur by mechanisms that act within effector T cells ("cell-intrinsic") as well as those that are mediated by other cell types ("cell-extrinsic"). Regulatory mechanisms can also be classified according to whether they operate before a response had developed ("anticipatory"), or emerge only as a consequence of inflammatory activation ("feedback"). Rather than focus a priori on any one of these modes of regulation, or on any particular molecular or cellular pathway, an unbiased experimental approach was adopted here. To this end, inbred mice carrying point mutations induced in a genome-wide fashion by the chemical mutagen ethyl-nitroso urea (ENU) were studied. Since Th2 responses are normally undetectable in naive C57BL/6 mice, genetic variant mice in which such responses were spontaneously evident were of interest, as they were taken to embody a failure of Th2 regulation. The work presented here began with the study of two ENU-generated strains that showed preliminary evidence of Th2 dysregulation in the form of spontaneously elevated serum IgE and dermatitis. Cellular analysis confirmed that that these phenotypes - which result from point mutations in the genes Card11 and Ndfip1 respectively - are associated with striking, spontaneous expansion of Th2 cells. This thesis describes the study of these mutants to define three new pathways of Th2 regulation: (a) a cell-extrinsic anticipatory pathway mediated by Foxp3+ Tregs and sensitive to inherited partial loss of TCR/CD28-Card11 signaling (chapter 3), (b) a cell-intrinsic feedback pathway regulated by Ndfip1 and the cytokine IL-4 (chapter 4), and (c) a cell-extrinsic feedback pathway mediated by differentiation of effector Th2 cells into a novel cell type, the Th2 inhibitory 'Th2i' cell (chapter 5).
Young Faithful: The Eruptions of EC 53 as It Cycles through Filling and Draining the Inner Disk
Creators: name: Lee, Yong-Hee
name: Johnstone, Doug
name: Lee, Jeong-Eun
name: Herczeg, Gregory
name: Mairs, Steve
name: Varricatt, Watson
name: Hodapp, Klaus W.
name: Naylor, Tim
name: Peña, Carlos Contreras
name: Baek, Giseon
name: Haas, Martin
name: Chini, Rolf
name: Team, The JCMT Transient
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While young stellar objects sometimes undergo bursts of accretion, these bursts usually occur sporadically, making them challenging to study observationally and to explain theoretically. We build a schematic description of cyclical bursts of the young stellar object EC 53 using near-IR and sub-mm monitoring obtained over six cycles, each lasting $\approx530$ days. EC 53 brightens over $0.12$ yr by $0.3$ mag at 850 $μ$m, $2$ mag at 3.35 $μ$m, and $1.5$ mag at near-IR wavelengths, to a maximum luminosity consistent with an accretion rate of $\sim8\times10^{-6}$ M$_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$. The emission then decays with an e-folding timescale of $\approx0.74$ yr until the accretion rate is $\sim1\times10^{-6}$ M$_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$. The next eruption then occurs, likely triggered by the buildup of $\sim5\times10^{-6}$ M$_\odot$ of mass in the inner disk, enough that it becomes unstable and drains onto the star. Just before outburst, when the disk is almost replenished, the near-IR colors become redder, indicating an increase in the geometrical height of the disk by this mass buildup. The reddening disappears soon after the initial burst, as much of the mass is drained from the disk. We quantify physical parameters related to the accretion process in EC 53 by assuming an $α$-disk formulation, constrained by the observed disk properties and accretion rate. While we can only speculate about the possible trigger for these faithful eruptions, we hope that our quantified schematic will motivate theorists to test the hypothesized mechanisms that could cause the cyclical buildup and draining of mass in the inner disk.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Bloch-type photonic skyrmions in optical chiral multilayers
Creators: name: Zhang, Qiang
name: Xie, Zhenwei
name: Du, Luping
name: Shi, Peng
name: Yuan, Xiaocong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic skyrmions are topological quasiparticles in magnetic field. Until recently, as one of their photonic counterparts, Néel-type photonic skyrmion is discovered in surface plasmon polaritons. The deep-subwavelength features of the photonic skyrmions suggest their potentials in quantum technologies and data storage. So far, the Bloch-type photonic skyrmion has yet to be demonstrated in this brand new research field. Here, by exploiting the quantum spin Hall effect of a plasmonic optical vortex in multilayered structure, we predict the existence of photonic twisted-Néel- and Bloch-type skyrmions in chiral materials. Their chirality-dependent features can be considered as additional degrees-of-freedom for future chiral sensing, information processing and storage technologies. In particular, our findings enlarge the family of photonic skyrmions and reveal a remarkable resemblance of the feature of chiral materials in two seemingly distant fields: photonic skyrmions and magnetic skyrmions.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures