Pentacomia (Mesochila) skrabali Duran & Moravec 2013, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Duran, Daniel P.
name: Moravec, Jiří
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Carabidae
Pentacomia
Pentacomia skrabali

description: Pentacomia (Mesochila) skrabali sp. nov.
(Figs 1–18)
Type locality. Panama, Continental Divide Trail (8°47.76′N, 82°14.75′W) passing between the provinces of Chiriqui and Bocas del Toro, a part of the Nature Reserve La Fortuna in the Cordillera de Talamanca mountain range area. Type material. HOLOTYPE: ♁, “ PANAMA – CHIRIQUI / BOCAS DEL TORO / Continental Divide Trail / D. Brzoska 23-V-1995 ” [printed] (USNM). ALLOTYPE: ♀, same label data as holotype except for: “ 21.V.1995 ” (NHMK). PARATYPES: 4♁♁ 4♀♀, same label data as holotype (3♁♁ 3♀♀ in DBCN, later in NHMK; 1♁ in CCJM; 1♁ in NMPC); 3 ♁♁ 2 ♀♀, same label data as holotype except for: “ 31.V.2004 / leg. Daniel Duran ” (2 ♁♁ 2 ♀ ♀ in DPDC; 1 ♁ in CCJM); 4 ♁♁ 1 ♀, same label data as allotype (3 ♁♁ in DBCN, later in NHMK; 1 ♁ 1 ♀ in CCJM); 1 ♁, “PANAMA – CHIRIQUI / Hydrological Trail / (8.7 km N – la Suiza) / D. Brzoska 21.V.1996 ” (DBCN, later in NHMK); 1 ♁, “ PANAMA Chiriqui prv. / Cont’l Divide Trail / 3-4-VII.-1997 / Wappes & Morris” [printed] // “ Pentacomia / (Poecilochila) / new species / det. Sumlin, 1997” [green, printed] (JWSA); 1 ♁, “ PANAMA – Chiriqui Prov. / Reserva Fortuna / Continental Divide Trail, V-30-1994 / Andrews & Gilbert” [printed] (RLHC); 1♁, same label data except for:“ VI-1-1994 ” (RLHC); 2♁♁ 1♀, “ PANAMA, PANAMA / D. Chiriqui, Fortuna / day & night “ V-19-1978 C.W.O’Brien / & G.B. Marshal ” (RLHC). All type specimens labelled: “ HOLOTYPE (ALLOTYPE or PARATYPE respectively) / Pentacomia (Mesochila) skrabali sp. nov. / det. Duran & Moravec 2013” [red, printed].
Description. Body (Fig. 1) small but rather stout, length 7.75–9.60 (holotype 8.40, allotype 9.30) mm, width 2.40–2.95 (holotype 2.60, allotype 2.90) mm, females usually (not always) larger than males; all adults almost uniformly shaped, dorsally metallic black-brown, rather shiny with reddish-cupreous, bronze and green lustre more intense on head and pronotum (as observed also in the holotype and allotype), rarely with prevailing strong green lustre also on elytra.
Head (Fig. 9) with pronounced large eyes, generally as wide as the body, width 2.55–2.90 mm, black-cupreous with reddish-cupreous or green lustre, all head portions glabrous.
Frons in both sexes distinctly convex in middle, then steeply sloped towards clypeus and clearly separated from it and confluent with vertex, black with greenish, or cupreous lustre, lateral areas longitudinally finely parallel-striate, median convex area with very fine, irregular, mostly transverse-wavy rugae; supraantennal plates irregularly triangular, smooth and shiny-green, their apex forming short lateral frons-vertex edge, or sometimes merging with coarser frons-vertex sculpture.
Vertex almost black with green, bronze or cupreous lustre which is much brighter and more intense on anterior-sublateral areas, almost flat in middle; surface sculpture rather fine, anteromedian area irregularly wavy rugulose, rugae towards posteromedian area becoming almost longitudinal-wavy, divergent posteriorly; sublateral and large juxtaorbital areas longitudinally parallel-striate, striae on sublateral areas more irregular, running towards the temples; occipital area convex, finely irregularly rugulose, rugae mostly transverse-wavy or vermicular.
Genae shiny green or blue-green, smooth in middle, finely striate on anterior area and with few striae running on juxtaorbital and postgenal area (passing there from vertex).
Clypeus metallic-green, sometimes with bronze iridescence, bulged in middle, finely wrinkled on sublateral areas.
Labrum 4-setose, sexually dimorphic in shape and coloration; male labrum (Figs 10–11) ochraceous to ochre-testaceous with indistinctly darkened margins of basomedian convexity, 0.75–0.85 mm long, 1.10–1.20 mm wide, lateral margins moderately arcuate with indistinct lateral indentation; anterolateral teeth distinct, rounded, right-angled or subacute; anterior lobe short, with blunt, right-angled lateral margins (blunt anterolateral teeth), and small, blunt, or more distinct and subacute or acute median tooth; female labrum (Figs 12–13) much longer and darker, length 1.10–1.20 mm, width 1.20–1.25 mm, brownish-testaceous with more expanded black coloration on lateral areas of basomedian convexity, similarly shaped but with longer median lobe and distinctly projecting acute or subacute median tooth.
Mandibles (Fig. 9) medium-sized, ochraceous (darker in female) with brownish or mahogany brown teeth, subsymmetrical; each mandible in both sexes with only three teeth (and basal molar), the two inner teeth in left mandible almost of the same size, while third tooth in right mandible much smaller than the second.
Palpi (Fig. 9). Both maxillary and labial palpi normally shaped and almost unicoloured, in male ivory, or pale ochraceous to ochre with ochre-testaceous terminal palpomeres, in female somewhat more testaceous-darkened; penultimate (longest) palpomere of labial palpi in both sexes elongate and rather narrow, only indistinctly enlarged towards apex (width 0.15 mm).
Antennae in male very long, reaching two thirds of elytron, in female much shorter, hardly reaching elytral half; scape notably pale ochre to ochre-testaceous (usually somewhat darker in female) with only one apical seta, pedicel dark brownish-testaceous to blackish-testaceous (in some females often almost black), glabrous, antennomeres 3–4 in male black-brown with ochretestaceous apical third, in female almost black with feeble copper tinge on apices, with only very sparse and indistinct setae, antennomeres 5–11 smoky-black with usual micropubescence.
Thorax. Pronotum (Figs 14–15) glabrous, black-brown with coppery areas and reddishcupreous and green lustre, sometimes green coloration prevailing, approximately as long as wide, 1.50–1.75 mm long, 1.45–1.75 mm wide, sulci well pronounced; anterior lobe only slightly wider than the posterior and usually low because separated from disc by notably deep anterior sulcus, irregularly, mostly vermicular to transverse wavy-rugulose; disc subglobose with distinctly convex lateral margins (including clearly visible proepisterna), very rarely subparallel in middle in some males, notopleural sutures thin but clearly obvious in dorsal view; medial line indistinct, often partly merging with surface sculpture; discal surface densely irregularly rugulose, rugae wavy or vermicular irregularly converging towards the median line and usually crossing it on posterior area; lateral rugae becoming coarser and more transverse, not reaching notopleural sutures, juxtanotopleural area smooth and shiny-green; posterior lobe usually more irregularly and sparsely rugulose; all ventral and lateral sterna glabrous and nearly smooth, proepisterna, mesepisterna and metepisterna metallic black with blue or dark violaceous lustre, rarely black-copper, female mesepisternal coupling sulci indistinct, in form of a longitudinal furrow which is deeper than the shallow furrow in male mesepisternum; prosternum, mesosternum and metasternum metallic-green to black-blue, smooth and shiny.
Elytra (Figs 16–18) elongate, length 4.70–5.80 mm, almost uniformly shaped in both sexes; humeri arcuate, outer elytral margins markedly dilated in subhumeral area, than almost subparallel, anteapical angles widely arcuate and running obliquely towards rounded apices; sutural spine small, mostly indistinct; microserrulation indistinct, nearly absent or extremely fine; elytral dorsal surface moderately convex, humeral impressions distinct, basodiscal convexity distinctly convex, posteriorly well delimited by deep discal impression; anteapical-apical impressions distinct; additional two conspicuous impressions present on each elytron: deep sublateral impression placed in the area of white sublateral-median macula, and shallower lateral impression posteriad of the macula; elytral coloration mostly metallic black-copper with brighter cupreous areas, iridescent-green punctures, and usually purple lustre within humeral impressions and green iridescence on lateral areas; rarely entire elytra with strong green lustre; whole elytral surface coarsely punctate, punctures mostly isolated on elytral base, but larger punctures on other anterior elytral area, often anastomosing into chains and often, particularly in male, forming a very coarse cavernous sculpture; punctures on posterior and posterolateral areas are smaller and more isolate, often nearly effaced on bulged area of anteapical angles, while punctures on narrow juxtasutural area remain irregularly anastomosing, smaller but deep; elytral surface glabrous except for the usual, a few and often very indistinct hairlike sensory setae scattered mostly on anterior area, few of them at epipleura and several scattered along the margin of apices; elytral maculation whitish, consisting in both sexes of three rather large maculae: rounded humeral macula which is only partly visible from above and is smaller in female, sublateral-median macula which is rounded, somewhat mesad-prolonged, and anteapical-apical lunule which is markedly wide in its anteapical portion, then narrowed towards suture.
Legs. Procoxae and mesocoxae ochre-testaceous with greenish lustre which is prevailing on female mesocoxae, densely whitish setose; metacoxae metallic-green with two central setae and densely clustered setae on lateral areas; trochanters glabrous, ochre to ivory white; femora dorsally brownish-testaceous to testaceous with mahogany lustre except for yellowish base (pale area more extended on ventral area), and with distinct, ochre, apical belt; femoral surface covered with inconspicuous, very sparse, short, whitish to rusty setae and row of sparse, short thorn-like setae which are almost brownish on metafemora; tibiae ochre-testaceous with brownish-darkened apices, covered with scattered, semierect, whitish to rusty setae which are longer and almost thorn-like on metatibiae; apical-ventral area of protibiae and mesotibiae with dense whitish to rusty setose pad; tarsi testaceous with brown-darkened apices; first three dilated protarsomeres in male with dense greyish-white pad; claws testaceous.
Abdomen. Ventrites dark metallic black-blue except for ochre-testaceous apex of last ventrite and apical bilobed pleurite in male; surface of ventrites smooth and glabrous except for usual, long hairlike sensory seta (easily abraded) placed on each side at posterior margin of last three ventrites.
Aedeagus (Figs 2–8) elongate, widest in middle, length 2.30–2.45 mm, width 0.40–0.55 mm, ventral outline almost regularly arcuate including basal portion, apical portion conspicuously prolonged into narrow, cylindric and rounded apex, moderately ventrally directed; internal sac (Figs 6–8) well developed, containing conspicuous, elongate but rather thick dorsal spine which is in dorsal view (Fig. 5) obvious as closing dorsal orifice, and in ventral aspect of cleared aedeagus (Fig. 7) penetrating laterally; the base of this spine is supported by thin, ramiform dorsal and central spines; other sclerites consist of two thin basal sclerites, membranous longitudinal but rather voluminous upper-ventral tooth, and unusually shaped ventral spur with bifurcate base while its upper projection is less sclerotized, thus its shape in examined aedeagi is barely obvious.
Variability. Except for the coloration stressed in the description, no other important variability in characteristics was observed. Elongate apex of the aedeagus varies slightly in its diameter.
Differential diagnosis. Among species of the subgenus Mesochila Rivalier, 1969, this new species is immediately recognizable by its pattern of white elytral maculation, namely the presence of the anteapical-apical lunule which reaches the suture. This character, in combination with the elongated apical portion of the aedeagus, entirely glabrous lateral and ventral sterna, and absence of a juxtaepipleural cluster of dense white setae, distinguish P. (M.) skrabali sp. nov. from all other species of the entire genus Pentacomia. A similarly elongated apical lunule occurs only in some species of the nominotypical subgenus, but they possess other maculae that are very different: a humeral lunule and lateral-discal band or in some species also a discal macula. Pentacomia (Mesochila) brasiliensis Dejean, 1825 differs in having elytra with elongate humeral band, absence of apical lunule (only anteapical macula present), different shape of its aedeagus and very different sclerites within the internal sac. The shape of the aedeagus and the large elongate dorsal spine within the internal sac of P. (M.) skrabali sp. nov. somewhat resembles those of Pentacomia (Pentacomia) egregia Chaudoir, 1835, but the latter is clearly distinguished by its completely developed elytral maculation (elongate humeral lunule, transverse median band and apical lunule), different shape and surface of its pronotum, much finer elytral punctation, and significant differences in the shapes of the other sclerites within the internal sac, namely the ventral spur with long filiform projection. Pentacomia (Pentacomia) horni (Schilder, 1953) has a similar pattern of the elytral punctation, but clearly differs in the pattern of its white elytral maculation and quite different shape of its aedeagus including the structure of the internal sac.
Etymology. Dedicated to Ing. Miroslav Škrabal (Horní Hrozenkov, Czech Republic) for his continued support to the second author during his many years of research on Cicindelidae.
Distribution and habitat. Known only from the type locality in Panama. Adults were observed flying along the path of the Continental Divide Trail in semi-shaded montane forest, and alighting on the neighbouring vegetation when disturbed. A few adults of Pseudoxycheila tarsalis Bates, 1869 were observed at the type locality along with the new Pentacomia (David W. Brzoska, pers. comm.). Larvae are unknown.
description: Published as part of Duran, Daniel P. & Moravec, Jiří, 2013, A new species of the genus Pentacomia from Panama (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae), pp. 49-57 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (suppl.) (suppl.) 53 (1) on pages 51-56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4468211