Prevalence of dental anomalies in individuals with clefts and their unaffected family members
Creators: name: Peterson, Aden M
Publisher: name: University of Iowa
Year: 2022
Subjects: public abstract

description: ABSTRACT Introduction
description: Individuals born with cleft lip/palate exhibit a wide range of dental anomalies. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the etiology of the multidimensional phenotypic spectrum of orofacial anomalies that are observed. The timing of lip and palate repair attempts to allow for normal development of the individual, while minimizing scarring of the soft tissue which can diminish growth of facial structures. Surgical techniques have improved over the years but are still invasive and can damage developing teeth. Unaffected relatives of individuals with clefts would presumably have a higher genetic risk of presenting with similar anomalies found in the dentitions of individuals with orofacial clefts. Previous studies have used intraoral photographs to evaluate the presence of dental anomalies in individuals with clefts, unaffected family members, and controls. This study is a continuation of previous research with a more robust dataset to quantify the prevalence of dental anomalies in the dentitions of individuals with non-syndromic cleft lip/palates, unaffected parents and siblings, and controls.
description: Materials and Methods
description: A total of 4,000 individuals were rated, and after inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, 3,804 were analyzed. These included 393 case probands, 2,192 control probands, 926 parents of case probands, 78 parents of control probands, 199 siblings of case probands, and 15 siblings of control probands. Intraoral photographs taken from six sites were evaluated to determine the presence of dental anomalies using an online screening form. Several raters contributed to the assessment of this dataset, and all raters were calibrated and followed the same rating rules. Differences between sample groups were evaluated using a logistic regression model to determine odds ratios and raw P-values.
description: Results
description: Compared with matched controls, case probands had significantly higher odds of at least one permanent tooth presenting with hypoplasia, agenesis, microdontia, mamelons, and displacement (p&lt; 0.01). Case probands also had significantly higher odds of presenting with at least one supernumerary tooth- dentition type was not specified in our study for this anomaly (p&lt;0.01). Control probands had higher odds of having at least one permanent tooth with hypocalcification (p&lt;0.01). In the primary dentition, case probands had higher odds of having at least one tooth with hypoplasia, agenesis, hypocalcification, displacement, and rotation (p&lt;0.01). There were no significant odds ratios of having dental anomalies in unaffected parents and unaffected siblings compared to controls, although some trends were detected.
description: Conclusions
description: There are significantly higher odds for an individual with cleft lip/palate to present with various dental anomalies compared to controls. However, unaffected parents and siblings do not have a significantly higher odds ratio of presenting with any of the dental anomalies evaluated in this study. While we hypothesized that the unaffected family members would be at a higher risk due to genetic predisposition, our data doesn’t support this. Instead, it appears the dental anomalies found in individuals with orofacial clefting are due to the physical nature of the cleft or from subsequent corrective surgeries that start at an early age to allow for normal development.
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