cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Massive binary black holes from Population II and III stars
Creators: name: Costa, Guglielmo
name: Mapelli, Michela
name: Iorio, Giuliano
name: Santoliquido, Filippo
name: Escobar, Gastón J.
name: Klessen, Ralf S.
name: Bressan, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Population III stars, born from the primordial gas in the Universe, lose a negligible fraction of their mass via stellar winds and possibly follow a top-heavy mass function. Hence, they have often been regarded as the ideal progenitors of massive black holes (BHs), even above the pair instability mass gap. Here, we evolve a large set of Population III binary stars (metallicity $Z=10^{-11}$) with our population-synthesis code SEVN, and compare them with Population II binary stars ($Z=10^{-4}$). In our models, the lower edge of the pair-instability mass gap corresponds to a BH mass of $\approx{86}$ ($\approx{91}$) M$_\odot$ for single Population III (II) stars. Overall, we find only mild differences between the properties of binary BHs (BBHs) born from Population III and II stars, especially if we adopt the same initial mass function and initial orbital properties. Most BBH mergers born from Population III and II stars have primary BH mass below the pair-instability gap, and the maximum secondary BH mass is $ < 50$ M$_\odot$. Only up to $\approx{3.3}$% ($\approx{0.09}$%) BBH mergers from Population III (II) progenitors have primary mass above the gap. Unlike metal-rich binary stars, the main formation channel of BBH mergers from Population III and II stars involves only stable mass transfer episodes in our fiducial model.
description: 15 pages, 17 figures, Comments are welcome. Published in MNRAS
At ikke-planlægge ved hjælp af kort
Creators: name: Olesen, Kristian
name: Galland, Daniel
name: Hvingel, Line
Publisher: name: Geoforum Perspektiv
Year: 2016

description: Byplanlægning har en klar geografisk dimension. Eftersom at planlægningen ofte sker 'med den brede pensel', skaber det nogle gange udfordringer i forhold til kortet, hvis natur ofte er en mere præcis afbildning af en given situation. Kravene til fysisk planlægning sker i Danmark gennem planloven. Det er interessant, hvordan man gennem lovtekst har forsøgt at beskrive forholdet mellem visionær planlægning og tilhørende kort. Planloven er på mange måder en rammesættende lov, der udstikker nogle formkrav til indholdet, men hvor selve indholdet besluttes af de respektive myndigheder. På landsniveau, hvor planlægningen igennem det sidste årti har været præget af en tankegang om 'så lidt regulering som muligt', er det især fascinerende, hvordan ikke-planlægning vises på kort, og hvordan kortet faktisk i mange tilfælde siger mere end den tilhørende tekst – og dermed bliver et performativt kort.
description: Geoforum Perspektiv, Vol 15 No 27 (2016): Performative maps
Search for type-III Seesaw heavy leptons in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}= 8$ TeV with the ATLAS Detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search for the pair-production of heavy leptons ($N^0,L^{\pm}$) predicted by the type-III seesaw theory formulated to explain the origin of small neutrino masses is presented. The decay channels $N^0\rightarrow W^{\pm}l^{\mp}$ ($\ell = e, μ, τ$) and $L^{\pm}\rightarrow W^\pm ν$ ($ν=ν_e, ν_μ, ν_τ$) are considered. The analysis is performed using the final state that contains two leptons (electrons or muons), two jets from a hadronically decaying $W$ boson, and large missing transverse momentum. The data used in the measurement correspond to an integrated luminosity of $20.3\,fb^{-1}$ of $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. No evidence of heavy lepton pair-production is observed. Heavy leptons with masses below 325--540 GeV are excluded at the 95% confidence level, depending on the theoretical scenario considered.
description: 11 pages plus author list + cover pages (22 pages total), 4 figures, 1 table, submitted to PRD, All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/EXOT-2014-07/
Planetary seismology as a test of modified gravity proposals
Creators: name: Kozak, Aleksander
name: Wojnar, Aneta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that it is possible to test models of gravity, such as Palatini $f(R)$ and Eddington-inspired Born-Infeld models, using seismic data from Earth. By incorporating additional limitations on Earth's moment of inertia and mass given from observational data, the models' parameters can be restricted to a $2σ$ level of accuracy. Our novel tool provides that the parameter $β$ parametrizing the quadratic curvature term in the gravitational Lagrangian of Palatini $f(R)$ gravity is constrained to $β\lesssim 10^9 \text{m}^2$ while the Eddington-inspired Born-Infeld gravity parameter $ε$ is restricted to $ε\lesssim 4\cdot 10^9 \text{m}^2$. We also discuss further enhancements to the proposed method, aimed at imposing even more stringent constraints on modified gravity proposals.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
Geodata in the Cloud
Creators: name: Riisager, Peter
name: Herzberg, Peter
name: Bødtkjer, Morten
name: Jørgensen, Jan
name: Bergstedt, Thomas
name: Helsted, Carsten
Publisher: name: Geoforum Perspektiv
Year: 2016

description: The cloud offers great advantages for internet hosting of applications and data. In this paper, we review and discuss some of these advantages in relation to a new cloud-hosted Web-GIS application for the Danish Road Directorate, serving live traffic geodata to Danish road users. The new traffic map represents an example of geodata served from a cloud platform offering a fast, scalable, and stable Web-GIS application, in a solution that is cost-efficient compared to what would otherwise be possible based on dedicated servers. The paper shortly discuss some of the considerations that went into the design of the solution, touching also on important issues related to cloud hosting.
description: Geoforum Perspektiv, Vol 14 No 26 (2015): Special issue on this year´s GI-conference, Kortdage
50 Ways to Bake a Cookie: Mapping the Landscape of Procedural Texts
Creators: name: Mizrahi, Moran
name: Shahaf, Dafna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The web is full of guidance on a wide variety of tasks, from changing the oil in your car to baking an apple pie. However, as content is created independently, a single task could have thousands of corresponding procedural texts. This makes it difficult for users to view the bigger picture and understand the multiple ways the task could be accomplished. In this work we propose an unsupervised learning approach for summarizing multiple procedural texts into an intuitive graph representation, allowing users to easily explore commonalities and differences. We demonstrate our approach on recipes, a prominent example of procedural texts. User studies show that our representation is intuitive and coherent and that it has the potential to help users with several sensemaking tasks, including adapting recipes for a novice cook and finding creative ways to spice up a dish.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures, Accepted to CIKM 2021
Zones of belonging - Experiences from a Danish study on belonging, local community and mobility
Creators: name: Jørgensen, Anja
name: Knudsen, Lisbeth B.
name: Arp, Mia
name: Skov, Henrik
Publisher: name: Geoforum Perspektiv
Year: 2016

description: In this paper we investigate the connections between population development, socio-economic status and the sense of belonging, in the understanding of social life in places. The article is based on a mixed-method study that includes register-based demographic data on inhabitants in the municipality of Aalborg in Denmark, survey data, and findings from fifty qualitative ethnographic interviews. We argue that local belonging is important to people, although increasingly complex and varied across local neighbourhoods. The conceptualization of the relations between demographic change, neighbourhood development and belonging is influenced by the Human Ecology (Park & Burgess 1925) that offers useful but also premature theoretical contributions in this field. Thus we argue that this perspective need to be expanded in order to pay attention to the varied meanings ascribed to place and discuss the possibility of mapping out zones of belonging in the contemporary society.
description: Geoforum Perspektiv, Vol 15 No 29 (2016): ANNUAL ISSUE, PLUS++ 2016
Multi-scale VLBI observations of the candidate host galaxy of GRB 200716C
Creators: name: Giarratana, S.
name: Giroletti, M.
name: Spingola, C.
name: Migliori, G.
name: Belladitta, S.
name: Pedani, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the discovery and the subsequent follow up of radio emission from SDSS J130402.36$+$293840.6 (J1304+2938), the candidate host galaxy of the gamma-ray burst GRB~200716C. The galaxy is detected in the RACS (0.89 GHz), the NVSS, the Apertif imaging survey, and the FIRST (1.4 GHz), the VLASS (3 GHz), and in public LOFAR (130-170 MHz), WISE (3.4-22 $μ$m), and SDSS (z, i, r, g, u filters) data. The luminosity inferred at 1.4 GHz is (5.1$\pm0.2)\times10^{30}$ erg s$^{-1}$ Hz$^{-1}$. To characterise the emission and distinguish between different components within the galaxy, we performed dedicated, high-sensitivity and high-resolution observations with the European VLBI Network + e-MERLIN at 1.6 and 5 GHz. We did not detect any emission from a compact core, suggesting that the presence of a radio-loud AGN is unlikely, and therefore we ascribe the emission observed in the public surveys to star-forming regions within the galaxy. We confirm and refine the redshift estimate, $z=0.341\pm0.004$, with a dedicated TNG spectroscopic observation. Finally, we compiled a list of all the known hosts of GRB afterglows detected in radio and computed the corresponding radio luminosity: if GRB~200716C belongs to J1304+2938, this is the third most radio-luminous host of a GRB, implying one of the highest star-formation rates (SFRs) currently known, namely SFR$\sim$324$\pm$61 M$_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$. On the other hand, through the analysis of the prompt emission light curve, recent works suggest that GRB~200716C might be a short-duration GRB located beyond J1304$+$2938 and gravitationally lensed by an intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) hosted by the galaxy. Neither the public data nor our VLBI observations can confirm or rule out the presence of an IMBH acting as a (milli-)lens hosted by the galaxy, a scenario still compatible with the set of radio observations presented in this work.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures. Revised manuscript after referee's correction. Accepted for publication in A&A
Quantum electric-dipole liquid on a triangular lattice
Creators: name: Shen, Shi-Peng
name: Wu, Jia-Chuan
name: Song, Jun-Da
name: Sun, Xue-Feng
name: Yang, Yi-Feng
name: Chai, Yi-Sheng
name: Shang, Da-Shan
name: Wang, Shou-Guo
name: Scott, James F.
name: Sun, Young
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Geometric frustrations and quantum mechanical fluctuations may prohibit the formation of long-range ordering even at the lowest temperature, and therefore liquid-like ground states could be expected. A good example is the quantum spin liquid in frustrated magnets that represents an exotic phase of matter and is attracting enormous interests. Geometric frustrations and quantum fluctuations can happen beyond magnetic systems. Here we propose that quantum electric-dipole liquids, analogs to quantum spin liquids, could emerge in frustrated dielectrics where antiferroelectrically coupled small electric dipoles reside on a triangular lattice. The quantum paraelectric hexaferrite BaFe12O19, in which small electric dipoles originated from the off-center displacement of Fe3+ in the FeO5 bipyramids constitute a two-dimensional triangular lattice, represents a promising candidate to generate the anticipated electric-dipole liquid. We present a series of experimental evidences, including dielectric permittivity, heat capacity, and thermal conductivity measured down to 66 mK, to reveal the existence of a nontrivial ground state in BaFe12O19, characterized by itinerant low-energy excitations with a small gap, to which we interpret as an exotic liquid-like quantum phase. The quantum electric-dipole liquids in frustrated dielectrics open up a fresh playground for fundamental physics and may find applications in quantum information and computation as well.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures
History, Nation and performative cartography – The Kingdom of Denmark 1850
Creators: name: Svenningsen, Stig Roar
name: Dahl, Mette Colding
Publisher: name: Geoforum Perspektiv
Year: 2016

description: This article discuss the performative character of a nationalistic mapping practice, related to the debate about the duchy of Schleswig as a part of the Danish Kingdom in the 19th century, were cartography was used to visualize and promote a historical myth about Danish supremacy over Schleswig. The article also reveals that this cartographic narrative, even today penetrates into general historical teaching material used in elementary school as well as in history books. This illustrates, that uncritical use of historical maps, might lead to the risk of reproducing erroneous cartographic myths. As such, this article concludes, that precaution should be taken when using historical maps or producing contemporary cartographic visualizations of historical events, due to the performative power of cartography.
description: Geoforum Perspektiv, Vol 15 No 27 (2016): Performative maps
Intrinsic Tau Acetylation Is Coupled to Auto-Proteolytic Tau Fragmentation
Creators: name: Yuan, Chao-Xing
name: Hwang, Andrew W.
name: Cohen, Todd J.
name: James, Michael
name: Constance, Brian H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Tau proteins are abnormally aggregated in a range of neurodegenerative tauopathies including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recently, tau has emerged as an extensively post-translationally modified protein, among which lysine acetylation is critical for normal tau function and its pathological aggregation. Here, we demonstrate that tau isoforms have different propensities to undergo lysine acetylation, with auto-acetylation occurring more prominently within the lysine-rich microtubule-binding repeats. Unexpectedly, we identified a unique intrinsic property of tau in which auto-acetylation induces proteolytic tau cleavage, thereby generating distinct N- and C-terminal tau fragments. Supporting a catalytic reaction-based mechanism, mapping and mutagenesis studies showed that tau cysteines, which are required for acetyl group transfer, are also essential for auto-proteolytic tau processing. Further mass spectrometry analysis identified the C-terminal 2nd and 4th microtubule binding repeats as potential sites of auto-cleavage. The identification of acetylation-mediated auto-proteolysis provides a new biochemical mechanism for tau self-regulation and warrants further investigation into whether auto-catalytic functions of tau are implicated in AD and other tauopathies.
Attention is Not Always What You Need: Towards Efficient Classification of Domain-Specific Text
Creators: name: Wahba, Yasmen
name: Madhavji, Nazim
name: Steinbacher, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: For large-scale IT corpora with hundreds of classes organized in a hierarchy, the task of accurate classification of classes at the higher level in the hierarchies is crucial to avoid errors propagating to the lower levels. In the business world, an efficient and explainable ML model is preferred over an expensive black-box model, especially if the performance increase is marginal. A current trend in the Natural Language Processing (NLP) community is towards employing huge pre-trained language models (PLMs) or what is known as self-attention models (e.g., BERT) for almost any kind of NLP task (e.g., question-answering, sentiment analysis, text classification). Despite the widespread use of PLMs and the impressive performance in a broad range of NLP tasks, there is a lack of a clear and well-justified need to as why these models are being employed for domain-specific text classification (TC) tasks, given the monosemic nature of specialized words (i.e., jargon) found in domain-specific text which renders the purpose of contextualized embeddings (e.g., PLMs) futile. In this paper, we compare the accuracies of some state-of-the-art (SOTA) models reported in the literature against a Linear SVM classifier and TFIDF vectorization model on three TC datasets. Results show a comparable performance for the LinearSVM. The findings of this study show that for domain-specific TC tasks, a linear model can provide a comparable, cheap, reproducible, and interpretable alternative to attention-based models.
Terahertz waveform synthesis from integrated lithium niobate circuits
Creators: name: Herter, Alexa
name: Shams-Ansari, Amirhassan
name: Settembrini, Francesca Fabiana
name: Warner, Hana K.
name: Faist, Jérôme
name: Lončar, Marko
name: Benea-Chelmus, Ileana-Cristina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bridging the "terahertz (THz) gap" relies upon synthesizing arbitrary waveforms in the THz domain enabling applications that require both narrow band sources for sensing and few-cycle drives for classical and quantum objects. However, realization of custom-tailored waveforms needed for these applications is currently hindered due to limited flexibility for optical rectification of femtosecond pulses in bulk crystals. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) circuits provide a versatile solution for such waveform synthesis through combining the merits of complex integrated architectures, low-loss distribution of pump pulses on-chip, and an efficient optical rectification. Our distributed pulse phase-matching scheme grants shaping the temporal, spectral, phase, amplitude, and farfield characteristics of the emitted THz field through designer on-chip components. This strictly circumvents prior limitations caused by the phase-delay mismatch in conventional systems and relaxes the requirement for cumbersome spectral pre-engineering of the pumping light. We provide a toolbox of basic blocks that produce broadband emission up to 680 GHz with adaptable phase and coherence properties by using near-infrared pump pulse energies below 100 pJ.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Nature Communications
Optomechanical preparation of photon number-squeezed states with a pair of thermal reservoirs of opposite temperatures
Creators: name: Zhu, Baiqiang
name: Zhang, Keye
name: Zhang, Weiping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photon number-squeezed states are of significant value in fundamental quantum research and have a wide range of applications in quantum metrology. Most of their preparation mechanisms require precise control of quantum dynamics and are less tolerant to dissipation. We propose a mechanism that is not subject to these restraints. In contrast to common approaches, we exploit the self-balancing between two types of dissipation induced by positive- and negative-temperature reservoirs to generate steady states with sub-Poissonian statistical distributions of photon numbers. We also show how to implement this mechanism with cavity optomechanical systems. The quality of the prepared photon number-squeezed state is estimated by our theoretical model combined with realistic parameters for various typical optomechanical systems.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures, 90 referances,
Characterization of magneto-convection in sunspots -- The Gough & Tayler stability criterion in MURaM sunspot simulations
Creators: name: Schmassmann, M.
name: Rempel, M.
name: González, N. Bello
name: Schlichenmaier, R.
name: Jurčák, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse a sunspot simulation in an effort to understand the origin of the convective instabilities giving rise to the penumbral and umbral distinct regimes. We applied the criterion from Gough \& Tayler (1966), accounting for the stabilising effect of the vertical magnetic field to investigate the convective instabilities in a MURaM sunspot simulation. We find: (1) a highly unstable shallow layer right beneath the surface extending all over the simulation box in which convection is triggered by radiative cooling in the photosphere; (2) a deep umbral core (beneath -5 Mm) stabilised against overturning convection that underlies a region with stable background values permeated by slender instabilities coupled to umbral dots; (3) filamentary instabilities below the penumbra nearly parallel to the surface and undulating instabilities coupled to the penumbra which originate in the deep layers. These deep-rooted instabilities result in the vigorous magneto-convection regime characteristic of the penumbra; (4) convective downdrafts in the granulation, penumbra, and umbra develop at about 2 km/s, 1 km/s, and 0.1 km/s, respectively, indicating that the granular regime of convection is more vigorous than the penumbra convection regime which, in turn, is more vigorous than the close-to-steady umbra; (5) the GT criterion outlines both the sunspot magnetopause and peripatopause, highlighting the tripartite nature of the sub-photospheric layers of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) sunspot models; and, finally, (6) the Jurčák criterion is the photospheric counterpart of the GT criterion in deep layers. The GT criterion as a diagnostic tool reveals the tripartite nature of sunspot structure with distinct regimes of magneto-convection in the umbra, penumbra, and granulation operating in realistic MHD simulations.
description: Published in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Volume 656, id.A92, 8 pp
On Penrose inequality in holography
Creators: name: Xiao, Zi-Qing
name: Yang, Run-Qiu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent holographic deduction of Penrose inequality only assumes null energy condition while the weak or dominant energy condition is required in usual geometric proof. This paper makes a step toward filling up gap between these two approaches. For planar/spherically symmetrically asymptotically Schwarzschild anti-de Sitter (AdS) black holes, we give a purely geometric proof for Penrose inequality by assuming the null energy condition. We also point out that two naive generalizations of charged Penrose inequality are not generally true and propose two new candidates. When the spacetime is asymptotically AdS but not Schwarzschild-AdS, the total mass is defined according to holographic renormalization and depends on scheme of quantization. In this case, the holographic argument implies that the Penrose inequality should still be valid but this paper use concrete example to show that whether the Penrose inequality holds or not will depend on what kind of quantization scheme we employ.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures
Intronic Sequence Regulates Sugar-Dependent Expression of Arabidopsis thaliana Production of Anthocyanin Pigment-1/MYB75
Creators: name: Bush, Daniel R.
name: Broeckling, Bettina E.
name: Steinwand, Blaire
name: Watson, Ruth A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Sucrose-specific regulation of gene expression is recognized as an important signaling response, distinct from glucose, which serves to modulate plant growth, metabolism, and physiology. The Arabidopsis MYB transcription factor Production of Anthocyanin Pigment-1 (PAP1) plays a key role in anthocyanin biosynthesis and expression of PAP1 is known to be regulated by sucrose. Sucrose treatment of Arabidopsis seedlings led to a 20-fold induction of PAP1 transcript, which represented a 6-fold increase over levels in glucose-treated seedlings. The PAP1 promoter was not sufficient for conferring a sucrose response to a reporter gene and did not correctly report expression of PAP1 in plants. Although we identified 3 putative sucrose response elements in the PAP1 gene, none were found to be necessary for this response. Using deletion analysis, we identified a 90 bp sequence within intron 1 of PAP1 that is necessary for the sucrose response. This sequence was sufficient for conferring a sucrose response to a minimal promoter: luciferase reporter when present in multiple copies upstream of the promoter. This work lays the foundation for dissecting the sucrose signaling pathway of PAP1 and contributes to understanding the interplay between sucrose signaling, anthocyanin biosynthesis, and stress responses.
Summary of ChatGPT-Related Research and Perspective Towards the Future of Large Language Models
Creators: name: Liu, Yiheng
name: Han, Tianle
name: Ma, Siyuan
name: Zhang, Jiayue
name: Yang, Yuanyuan
name: Tian, Jiaming
name: He, Hao
name: Li, Antong
name: He, Mengshen
name: Liu, Zhengliang
name: Wu, Zihao
name: Zhao, Lin
name: Zhu, Dajiang
name: Li, Xiang
name: Qiang, Ning
name: Shen, Dingang
name: Liu, Tianming
name: Ge, Bao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents a comprehensive survey of ChatGPT-related (GPT-3.5 and GPT-4) research, state-of-the-art large language models (LLM) from the GPT series, and their prospective applications across diverse domains. Indeed, key innovations such as large-scale pre-training that captures knowledge across the entire world wide web, instruction fine-tuning and Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) have played significant roles in enhancing LLMs' adaptability and performance. We performed an in-depth analysis of 194 relevant papers on arXiv, encompassing trend analysis, word cloud representation, and distribution analysis across various application domains. The findings reveal a significant and increasing interest in ChatGPT-related research, predominantly centered on direct natural language processing applications, while also demonstrating considerable potential in areas ranging from education and history to mathematics, medicine, and physics. This study endeavors to furnish insights into ChatGPT's capabilities, potential implications, ethical concerns, and offer direction for future advancements in this field.
description: 21 pages, 4 figures, accepted by Meta-Radiology
Danmarks Højdemodel - én model med et utal af anvendelser
Creators: name: Rosenkranz, Brigitte Christine
name: Lund, Jeppe
Publisher: name: Geoforum Perspektiv
Year: 2016

description: Den nye Danmarks Højdemodel (DHM) er opdateret med helt aktuelle data. Den er mere nøjagtig og har en højere opløsning end den tidligere. Det betyder, at brugere af Danmarks Højdemodel får mere sikre prognoser, for eksempel i forbindelse med klimatilpasning, nye anlægsprojekter eller til beregning af biomasse. Med den nye højdemodel er det danske samfund ganske enkelt blevet bedre til at forudsige og reagere på fremtidens udfordringer. I artiklen her vil vi prøve at give et indblik i enkelte anvendelser, som er med til at løse nogle af fremtidens udfordringer med data fra Danmarks Højdemodel. Anvendelserne er hentet i både private virksomheder og fra en række offentlige myndigheder.
description: Geoforum Perspektiv, Vol 14 No 26 (2015): Special issue on this year´s GI-conference, Kortdage
Tables to LaTeX: structure and content extraction from scientific tables
Creators: name: Kayal, Pratik
name: Anand, Mrinal
name: Desai, Harsh
name: Singh, Mayank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Scientific documents contain tables that list important information in a concise fashion. Structure and content extraction from tables embedded within PDF research documents is a very challenging task due to the existence of visual features like spanning cells and content features like mathematical symbols and equations. Most existing table structure identification methods tend to ignore these academic writing features. In this paper, we adapt the transformer-based language modeling paradigm for scientific table structure and content extraction. Specifically, the proposed model converts a tabular image to its corresponding LaTeX source code. Overall, we outperform the current state-of-the-art baselines and achieve an exact match accuracy of 70.35 and 49.69% on table structure and content extraction, respectively. Further analysis demonstrates that the proposed models efficiently identify the number of rows and columns, the alphanumeric characters, the LaTeX tokens, and symbols.
description: 10 pages, published in IJDAR'22. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2105.14426
Is Exposure to Macondo Oil Reflected in the Otolith Chemistry of Marsh-Resident Fish?
Creators: name: Whitehead, Andrew
name: Able, Kenneth W.
name: López-Duarte, Paola C.
name: Fodrie, F. Joel
name: Dubansky, Benjamin
name: Jensen, Olaf P.
name: Galvez, Fernando
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Genomic and physiological responses in Gulf killifish (Fundulus grandis) in the northern Gulf of Mexico have confirmed oil exposure of resident marsh fish following the Macondo blowout in 2010. Using these same fish, we evaluated otolith microchemistry as a method for assessing oil exposure history. Laser-ablation inductively-coupled-plasma mass spectrometry was used to analyze the chemical composition of sagittal otoliths to assess whether a trace metal signature could be detected in the otoliths of F. grandis collected from a Macondo-oil impacted site in 2010, post-spill relative to pre-spill, as well as versus fish from areas not impacted by the spill. We found no evidence of increased concentrations of two elements associated with oil contamination (nickel and vanadium) in F. grandis otoliths regardless of Macondo oil exposure history. One potential explanation for this is that Macondo oil is relatively depleted of those metals compared to other crude oils globally. During and after the spill, however, elevated levels of barium, lead, and to a lesser degree, copper were detected in killifish otoliths at the oil-impacted collection site in coastal Louisiana. This may reflect oil contact or other environmental perturbations that occurred concomitant with oiling. For example, increases in barium in otoliths from oil-exposed fish followed (temporally) freshwater diversions in Louisiana in 2010. This implicates (but does not conclusively demonstrate) freshwater diversions from the Mississippi River (with previously recorded higher concentrations of lead and copper), designed to halt the ingress of oil, as a mechanism for elevated elemental uptake in otoliths of Louisiana marsh fishes. These results highlight the potentially complex and indirect effects of the Macondo oil spill and human responses to it on Gulf of Mexico ecosystems, and emphasize the need to consider the multiple stressors acting simultaneously on inshore fish communities.
Neurankylus eximius Lambe 1902
Creators: name: Lambe L., M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1902
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Testudines
Chelydridae
Neurankylus
Neurankylus eximius

description: Sp. nov. The carapace of a turtle, represented by costal and other bones, shown in fig. 7, is remarkable for certain peculiarities of structure. Of the seven costal bones obtained, from the middle and posterior parts of the carapace, four were found as shown, united to a large neural and a suprapygal bone. The other three costals, viz., the third pair and the right fourth were with the posterior costals but not in place. The fifth pair of costals was missing. The sulci indicating the junction of the costal shields seem to be normal in their position on the 4th, 6th and 8th costal bones. What is apparently a 9th costal succeeds the 8th costal bone. The 1th, 8th and 9th pairs of costals do not reach the median line of the carapace, but are separated by a large bone that is probably formed by a coalescence of the 8th neural with a suj)rapygal. This enlarged 8th neural is suturally united, for some distance with the vertebral ends of the Tth costal bones, for the whole of their breadth to the 8th costals and to a considerable portion of the supposed 9th costals. It increases in breadth posteriorly and effects a sutural union with a suprapygal whose breadth greatly exceeds its length. The rib-heads of the costals are well formed, those of the 9th costals being as fully developed as the others. No marginal bones were found with the remains of the carapace. Anterior to the point " a " on the outer edge of the 9th costal, vacuities seem to have occurred between the costals and the marginals, judging from the appearance of the outer margins of the 8th and 9th costals. From the point " a " backward a suture extended for the union of the last marginal and the pygal bone. The surface of the neural and the suprapygal is raised medially into a low, rounded, longitudinal ridge. No very decided sculpture is shown on the surface of the bones. Striations occur adjoining and at right angles to the suttires; elsewhere there is a slight roughness in places, more particularly toward the vertebral ends of the costals, which on close examination is seen to be produced by small, obscure and irregular depressions separated by very faint ridges. Comparatively large, concentrically curved groove-like markings also occur on two of the costals. The great development of the last neural by apparent coalescence with a suprapygal, the resulting compression of the pygal region and the addition of a 9th pair of bones to the series of costals, form a combination of characters that is both interesting and uniqiie. A new genus is here proposed for this Mid-Cretaceous type that is thought to show gTeater affinity to the Chelydridcp. than to any other groujp. Belly River series, Red Deer river, 1901.
description: Published as part of Lambe L. M., 1902, New genera and species from the Belly River Series (mid-Cretaceous), pp. 25-81 in Geological Survey of Canada Contributions to Canadian Palaeontology 3 on pages 42-43, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3233762
Higher-curvature Gravities from Braneworlds and the Holographic c-theorem
Creators: name: Bueno, Pablo
name: Emparan, Roberto
name: Llorens, Quim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the structure of the higher-curvature gravitational densities that are induced from holographic renormalization in AdS$_{d+1}$. In a braneworld construction, such densities define a d-dimensional higher-curvature gravitational theory on the brane, which in turn is dual to a (d-1)-dimensional CFT living at its boundary. We show that this CFT$_{d-1}$ satisfies a holographic c-theorem in general dimensions (different than the g-theorem of holographic boundary CFTs), since at each and every order the higher-curvature densities satisfy c-theorems on their own. We find that, in these densities, the terms that affect the monotonicity of the holographic c-function are algebraic in the curvature, and do not involve covariant derivatives of the Riemann tensor. We examine various other features of the holographically induced higher-curvature densities, such as the presence of reduced-order traced equations, and their connection to Born-Infeld-type gravitational Lagrangians.
description: 30 pages, 1 figure. Mathematica notebook included in source contains quintic and sextic counterterms
End-fire injection of guided light into optical microcavity
Creators: name: Liu, Shuai
name: Gu, Zhiyuan
name: Zhang, Nan
name: Wang, Kaiyang
name: Xiao, Shumin
name: Lyu, Quan
name: Song, Qinghai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coupling light into microdisk plays a key role in a number of applications such as resonant filters and optical sensors. While several approaches have successfully coupled light into microdisk efficiently, most of them suffer from the ultrahigh sensitivity to the environmental vibration. Here we demonstrate a robust mechanism, which is termed as end-fire injection. By connecting an input waveguide to a circular microdisk directly, the mechanism shows that light can be efficiently coupled into optical microcavity. The coupling efficiency can be as high as 0.75 when the input signals are on resonances. Our numerical results reveal that the high coupling efficiency is attributed to the constructive interference between the whispering gallery modes and the input signals. We have also shown that the end-fire injection can be further extended to the long-lived resonances with low refractive index such as n = 1.45. We believe our results will shed light on the applications of optical microcavities.
description: 5 pages, 5figures
House of Graphs 2.0: a database of interesting graphs and more
Creators: name: Coolsaet, Kris
name: D'hondt, Sven
name: Goedgebeur, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In 2012 we announced the House of Graphs (https://houseofgraphs.org) [Discrete Appl. Math. 161 (2013), 311-314], which was a new database of graphs. The House of Graphs hosts complete lists of graphs of various graph classes, but its main feature is a searchable database of so called "interesting" graphs, which includes graphs that already occurred as extremal graphs or as counterexamples to conjectures. An important aspect of this database is that it can be extended by users of the website. Over the years, several new features and graph invariants were added to the House of Graphs and users uploaded many interesting graphs to the website. But as the development of the original House of Graphs website started in 2010, the underlying frameworks and technologies of the website became outdated. This is why we completely rebuilt the House of Graphs using modern frameworks to build a maintainable and expandable web application that is future-proof. On top of this, several new functionalities were added to improve the application and the user experience. This article describes the changes and new features of the new House of Graphs website.
description: 16 pages; to appear in Discrete Applied Mathematics
The Halo Bispectrum Multipoles in Redshift Space
Creators: name: Rizzo, Federico
name: Moretti, Chiara
name: Pardede, Kevin
name: Eggemeier, Alexander
name: Oddo, Andrea
name: Sefusatti, Emiliano
name: Porciani, Cristiano
name: Monaco, Pierluigi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the analysis of the halo bispectrum in redshift-space in terms of its multipoles, monopole, quadrupole and hexadecapole, measured from a large set of simulations. We fit such measurements with a tree-level model in perturbation theory that depends on linear and nonlinear bias parameters as well as on the growth rate $f$ of density fluctuations. The likelihood analysis takes advantage of a very large set of mock catalogs, enabling a robust estimation of the covariance properties for all multipoles. We compare the numerical estimate of the covariance matrix to its Gaussian prediction finding discrepancies of 10% or less for all configurations with the sole exception of the squeezed triangles in the monopole case. We find the range of validity of the tree-level model, for the total simulation volume of about 1000 $h^{-3}\, {\rm Gpc}^3$, reaches a maximum wavenumber of $0.08 \, h \, {\rm Mpc}^{-1}$ for the monopole, while it is limited to $0.06$ and $0.045\, h \, \rm{Mpc}^{-1}$ respectively for quadrupole and hexadecapole. Despite this, the addition of the quadrupole to the analysis allows for significant improvements on the determination of the model parameters and specifically on $f$, similarly to the power spectrum case. Finally, we compare our numerical estimate for the full covariance with its theoretical prediction in the Gaussian approximation and find the latter to work remarkably well in the context of simulation boxes with periodic boundary condition.
description: 30 pages, 10 figures, comments welcome
Taking Music Seriously: on the Dynamics of 'Mathemusical' Research with a Focus on Hexachordal Theorems
Creators: name: Andreatta, Moreno
name: Guichaoua, Corentin
name: Juillet, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: History and Overview (math.HO)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: After presenting the general framework of 'mathemusical' dynamics, we focus on one music-theoretical problem concerning a special case of homometry theory applied to music composition, namely Milton Babbitt's hexachordal theorem. We briefly discuss some historical aspects of homometric structures and their ramifications in crystallography, spectral analysis and music composition via the construction of rhythmic canons tiling the integer line. We then present the probabilistic generalization of Babbitt's result we recently introduced in a paper entitled ''New hexachordal theorems in metric spaces with probability measure'' and illustrate the new approach with original constructions and examples.
Measuring the Streaming motion in the Milky Way disc with Gaia EDR3 +
Creators: name: Khanna, Shourya
name: Sharma, Sanjib
name: Bland-Hawthorn, Joss
name: Hayden, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We map the 3D kinematics of the Galactic disc out to 3.5 kpc from the Sun, and within 0.75 kpc from the midplane of the Galaxy. To this end, we combine high quality astrometry from \gedrthree{}, with heliocentric line-of-sight velocities from \gdrtwo{}, and spectroscopic surveys including \apogee{}, \galah{}, and \lamost{}. We construct an axisymmetric model for the mean velocity field, and subtract this on a star-by-star basis to obtain the residual velocity field in the Galactocentric components (\vphi{}, \vR, \vz), and \vlos{}. The velocity residuals are quantified using the power spectrum, and we find that the peak power ($A/$[\rm \kms{}]) in the midplane ($|z|<0.25$ kpc) is ($A_ϕ,A_{\rm R},A_{\rm Z},A_{\rm los}$)=($4.2,8.5,2.6,4.6$), at $0.25 < |z|/[{\rm kpc}] < 0.5$, is ($A_ϕ,A_{\rm R},A_{\rm Z},A_{\rm los}$)=($4.0,7.9,3.6,5.3$), and at $0.5 < |z|/[{\rm kpc}] < 0.75$, is ($A_ϕ,A_{\rm R},A_{\rm Z},A_{\rm los}$)=($1.9,6.9,5.2,6.4$). Our results provide a sophisticated measurement of the streaming motion in the disc and in the individual components. We find that streaming is most significant in \vR, and at all heights ($|Z|$) probed, but is also non-negligible in other components. Additionally, we find that patterns in velocity field overlap spatially with models for Spiral arms in the Galaxy. Our simulations show that phase-mixing of disrupting spiral arms can generate such residuals in the velocity field, where the radial component is dominant, just as in real data. We also find that with time evolution both the amplitude and physical scale of the residual motion decrease.
description: 15 pages, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Obstructed insulators and flat bands in topological phase-change materials
Creators: name: Marsal, Quentin
name: Varjas, Dániel
name: Grushin, Adolfo G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Phase-change materials are ubiquitous in technology because of their ability to transition between amorphous and crystalline phases fast and reversibly, upon shining light or passing a current. Here we argue that to fully understand their electronic properties it is necessary to define a novel electronic phase: the amorphous obstructed insulator. It differs from an obstructed insulator crystal in that it presents localized edge or surface states irrespective of the sample termination. Consequently, we show that obstructed amorphous insulators in three-dimensions host a surface two-dimensional flat band, detectable using ARPES. Our work establishes basic models for materials where topological and obstructed properties can be switched on and off externally, including two-dimensional surface flatbands.
description: 7 pages + 6 pages of supplementary material and 6 figures
Baena hatcheri Hay 1901
Creators: name: Lambe L., M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1902
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Testudines
Baenidae
Baena
Baena hatcheri

description: Baena hatcheri, Hay. Baena hatcheri Hay. 1901. Annals of the Carnegie Museum, pp. 325-.326) plate XV. " Description of a new species of Baena (B. hatcheri) from the Laramie beds of Wyoming." This species is represented from the Cretaceous of Red Deer river by a specimen, fig. 8, in which the whole of the plastron is preserved with the anterior half of the carapace. The sutures between the bones are well defined and the sulci are distinct. The carapace has suffered slightly from distortion, but the plastron is admirably preserved leaving little doubt as to the specific identity of the Red Deer river turtle with the Wyoming type. . Additional.specimeus consist of the anterior half of a plastron, parts of two other plastra, and a poorly preserved carapace of small size in which, however, the convexity of this half of the shell is well shown. The variation in the direction of the gular and intergular sulci, in different individuals, to which Leidy drew attention in his description of Ba'ena arenosa,* from a higher horizon, is noticeable in the two Red Deer river specimens, neither of which agree exactly with the type. . Belly Eiver series, Eed Deer river, 3901.
description: Published as part of Lambe L. M., 1902, New genera and species from the Belly River Series (mid-Cretaceous), pp. 25-81 in Geological Survey of Canada Contributions to Canadian Palaeontology 3 on pages 43-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3233762