cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Human Activity Recognition Using Multichannel Convolutional Neural Network
Creators: name: Sikder, Niloy
name: Chowdhury, Md. Sanaullah
name: Arif, Abu Shamim Mohammad
name: Nahid, Abdullah-Al
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Human Activity Recognition (HAR) simply refers to the capacity of a machine to perceive human actions. HAR is a prominent application of advanced Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence techniques that utilize computer vision to understand the semantic meanings of heterogeneous human actions. This paper describes a supervised learning method that can distinguish human actions based on data collected from practical human movements. The primary challenge while working with HAR is to overcome the difficulties that come with the cyclostationary nature of the activity signals. This study proposes a HAR classification model based on a two-channel Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) that makes use of the frequency and power features of the collected human action signals. The model was tested on the UCI HAR dataset, which resulted in a 95.25% classification accuracy. This approach will help to conduct further researches on the recognition of human activities based on their biomedical signals.
description: 10 pages, Proceedings of the 2019 5th International Conference on Advances in Electrical Engineering (ICAEE), 26-28 September, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Orientation, size, and relative size information in semantic and episodic memory
Creators: name: Uttl, Bob
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The time required to identify a common object depends on several factors, especially pre-existing knowledge and episodic representations newly established as a result of a prior study. My research examined how these factors contribute to identification of objects (both studied and non-studied) and to performance on explicit memory tests. The overall goal was to explore the link between memory and object perception. One series of experiments examined influences due to object orientation in the plane of the page. Subjects were shown color photos of objects, and memory was assessed either with an old/new recognition test or with a test that required them to identify objects that were slowly faded in on a computer monitor. The critical variables were the type of photo — each showing either an object with a predominant or cardinal orientation (e.g., helicopter) or a non-cardinal object (e.g., pencil), and the orientation at which the photos were displayed at study and at test (e.g., rotated 0°, 120°, or 240°). For non-studied targets, identification test performance showed a large effect due to display orientation, but only for cardinal objects. For studied targets, study-to-test changes in orientation influenced priming for both non-cardinal and cardinal objects, but orientation specific priming effects (larger priming when study and test orientations matched rather than mismatched) were much larger with cardinal than non-cardinal objects, especially, when their display orientation, at test was unusual (i.e., 120°, 240°). A second series of experiments examined influences due to object size (size of an object presented alone) and relative size (size of an object relative to another object). Size manipulations had a large effect on identification of non-studied objects but study-to- test changes in size had only a minimal effect on priming. In contrast, study1to-test changes in relative size influenced recognition decision speed which is an index of priming. The combined findings suggest that both semantic and episodic representations behave as if they coded orientation but only for cardinal objects. They also suggest that episodic representations code relative size but not size information. The findings are explained by the instance views of memory.
A Bethe ansatz solvable model for superpositions of Cooper pairs and condensed molecular bosons
Creators: name: Hibberd, K. E.
name: Dunning, C.
name: Links, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a general Hamiltonian describing coherent superpositions of Cooper pairs and condensed molecular bosons. For particular choices of the coupling parameters, the model is integrable. One integrable manifold, as well as the Bethe ansatz solution, was found by Dukelsky et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 (2004) 050403. Here we show that there is a second integrable manifold, established using the boundary Quantum Inverse Scattering Method. In this manner we obtain the exact solution by means of the algebraic Bethe ansatz. In the case where the Cooper pair energies are degenerate we examine the relationship between the spectrum of these integrable Hamiltonians and the quasi-exactly solvable spectrum of particular Schrodinger operators. For the solution we derive here the potential of the Schrodinger operator is given in terms of hyperbolic functions. For the solution derived by Dukelsky et al., loc. cit. the potential is sextic and the wavefunctions obey PT-symmetric boundary conditions. This latter case provides a novel example of an integrable Hermitian Hamiltonian acting on a Fock space whose states map in to a Hilbert space of PT-symmetric wavefunctions defined on a contour in the complex plane.
description: 16 pages, no figures
Scaling of Anisotropic Flows in Intermediate Energy and Ultra-relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
Creators: name: Ma, Y. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Anisotropic flows ($v_2$ and $v_4$) of hadrons and light nuclear clusters are studied by a partonic transport model and nucleonic transport model, respectively, in ultra-relativistic and intermediate energy heavy ion collisions. Both number-of-constituent-quark scaling of hadrons, especially for $ϕ$ meson which is composed of strange quarks, and number-of-nucleon scaling of light nuclear clusters are discussed and explored for the elliptic flow ($v_2$). The ratios of $v_4/v_2^2$ of hadrons and nuclear clusters are, respectively, calculated and they show different constant values which are independent of transverse momentum. The above phenomena can be understood, respectively, by the coalescence mechanism in quark-level or nucleon-level.
description: Proceeding of the 6th China-Japan Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium, Shanghai, China, May 16-20, 2006. 9 pages, 4 figures
Supplementary document for Foveated Thermal Computational Imaging in the Wild Using All-Silicon Meta-Optics - 6671524.pdf
Creators: name: Saragadam, Vishwanath
name: Han, Zheyi
name: Boominathan, Vivek
name: Huang, Luocheng
name: Tan, Shiyu
name: Froech, Johannes
name: Bohringer, Karl
name: Baraniuk, Richard
name: Majumdar, Arka
name: Veeraraghavan, Ashok
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2024
Subjects: Classical and Physical Optics
Photonics and Electro-Optical Engineering (excl. Communications)

description: Supplement
Chemical evolution during the formation of a protoplanetary disk
Creators: name: Coutens, A.
name: Commerçon, B.
name: Wakelam, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Abridged) The aim of this study is to investigate the chemical evolution from the prestellar phase to the formation of the disk, and to determine the impact that the chemical composition of the cold and dense core has on the final composition of the disk. We performed 3D nonideal magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of a dense core collapse using the adaptive-mesh-refinement RAMSES code. For each particle ending in the young rotationally supported disk, we ran chemical simulations with the three-phase gas-grain chemistry code Nautilus. Two different sets of initial abundances, which are characteristic of cold cores, were considered. The final distributions of the abundances of common species were compared to each other, as well as with the initial abundances of the cold core. We find that the spatial distributions of molecules reflect their sensitivity to the temperature distribution. The main carriers of the chemical elements in the disk are usually the same as the ones in the cold core, except for the S-bearing species, where HS is replaced by H$_2$S$_3$, and the P-bearing species, where atomic P leads to the formation of PO, PN, HCP, and CP. However, the abundances of less abundant species change over time. This is especially the case for "large" complex organic molecules (COMs) such as CH$_3$CHO, CH$_3$NH$_2$, CH$_3$OCH$_3$, and HCOOCH$_3$ which see their abundances significantly increase during the collapse. These COMs often present similar abundances in the disk despite significantly different abundances in the cold core. In contrast, the abundances of many radicals decrease with time. A significant number of species still show the same abundances in the cold core and the disk, which indicates efficient formation of these molecules in the cold core. This includes H$_2$O, H$_2$CO, HNCO, and "small" COMs such as CH$_3$OH, CH$_3$CN, and NH$_2$CHO.
description: Accepted in Astronomy & Astrophysics, 44 pages, 36 figures
A light-cone gauge for black-hole perturbation theory
Creators: name: Preston, Brent
name: Poisson, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The geometrical meaning of the Eddington-Finkelstein coordinates of Schwarzschild spacetime is well understood: (i) the advanced-time coordinate v is constant on incoming light cones that converge toward r=0, (ii) the angles theta and phi are constant on the null generators of each light cone, (iii) the radial coordinate r is an affine-parameter distance along each generator, and (iv) r is an areal radius, in the sense that 4 pi r^2 is the area of each two-surface (v,r) = constant. The light-cone gauge of black-hole perturbation theory, which is formulated in this paper, places conditions on a perturbation of the Schwarzschild metric that ensure that properties (i)--(iii) of the coordinates are preserved in the perturbed spacetime. Property (iv) is lost in general, but it is retained in exceptional situations that are identified in this paper. Unlike other popular choices of gauge, the light-cone gauge produces a perturbed metric that is expressed in a meaningful coordinate system; this is a considerable asset that greatly facilitates the task of extracting physical consequences. We illustrate the use of the light-cone gauge by calculating the metric of a black hole immersed in a uniform magnetic field. We construct a three-parameter family of solutions to the perturbative Einstein-Maxwell equations and argue that it is applicable to a broader range of physical situations than the exact, two-parameter Schwarzschild-Melvin family.
description: 12 pages
Healthcare Cost Prediction: Leveraging Fine-grain Temporal Patterns
Creators: name: Morid, Mohammad Amin
name: Sheng, Olivia R. Liu
name: Kawamoto, Kensaku
name: Ault, Travis
name: Dorius, Josette
name: Abdelrahman, Samir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Objective: To design and assess a method to leverage individuals' temporal data for predicting their healthcare cost. To achieve this goal, we first used patients' temporal data in their fine-grain form as opposed to coarse-grain form. Second, we devised novel spike detection features to extract temporal patterns that improve the performance of cost prediction. Third, we evaluated the effectiveness of different types of temporal features based on cost information, visit information and medical information for the prediction task. Materials and methods: We used three years of medical and pharmacy claims data from 2013 to 2016 from a healthcare insurer, where the first two years were used to build the model to predict the costs in the third year. To prepare the data for modeling and prediction, the time series data of cost, visit and medical information were extracted in the form of fine-grain features (i.e., segmenting each time series into a sequence of consecutive windows and representing each window by various statistics such as sum). Then, temporal patterns of the time series were extracted and added to fine-grain features using a novel set of spike detection features (i.e., the fluctuation of data points). Gradient Boosting was applied on the final set of extracted features. Moreover, the contribution of each type of data (i.e., cost, visit and medical) was assessed. Conclusions: Leveraging fine-grain temporal patterns for healthcare cost prediction significantly improves prediction performance. Enhancing fine-grain features with extraction of temporal cost and visit patterns significantly improved the performance. However, medical features did not have a significant effect on prediction performance. Gradient Boosting outperformed all other prediction models.
Comparison of hyperfine anomalies in the 5S_{1/2} and 6S_{1/2} levels of ^{85}Rb and ^{87}Rb
Creators: name: Galvan, A. Perez
name: Zhao, Y.
name: Orozco, L. A.
name: Gomez, E.
name: Lange, A. D.
name: Baumer, F.
name: Sprouse, G. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We observe a hyperfine anomaly in the measurement of the hyperfine splitting of the 6S_{1/2} excited level in rubidium. We perform two step spectroscopy using the 5S_{1/2}->5P_{1/2}->6S_{1/2} excitation sequence. We measure the splitting of the 6S1/2 level and obtain for the magnetic dipole constants of ^{85}Rb and ^{87}Rb A = 239.18(4) MHz and A=807.66(8) MHz, respectively. The hyperfine anomaly difference of_{87}delta_{85}=-0.0036(2) comes from the Bohr Weisskopf effect: a correction to the point interaction between the finite nuclear magnetization and the electrons, and agrees with that obtained in the 5S_{1/2} ground state.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
Microscopic picture of electron-phonon interaction in two-dimensional halide perovskites
Creators: name: Feldstein, David
name: Perea-Causin, Raul
name: Wang, Shuli
name: Dyksik, Mateusz
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Plochocka, Paulina
name: Malic, Ermin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Perovskites have attracted much attention due to their remarkable optical properties. While it is well established that excitons dominate their optical response, the impact of higher excitonic states and formation of phonon sidebands in optical spectra still need to be better understood. Here, we perform a theoretical study on excitonic properties of monolayered hybrid organic perovskites -- supported by temperature-dependent photoluminescence measurements. Solving the Wannier equation, we obtain microscopic access to the Rydberg-like series of excitonic states including their wavefunctions and binding energies. Exploiting the generalized Elliot formula, we calculate the photoluminescence spectra demonstrating a pronounced contribution of a phonon sideband for temperatures up to 50 K -- in agreement with experimental measurements. Finally, we predict temperature-dependent linewidths of the three energetically lowest excitonic transitions and identify the underlying phonon-driven scattering processes.
Probing the indistinguishability of single photons generated by Rydberg atomic ensembles
Creators: name: Padrón-Brito, Auxiliadora
name: Lowinski, Jan
name: Farrera, Pau
name: Theophilo, Klara
name: de Riedmatten, Hugues
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the indistinguishability of single photons retrieved from collective Rydberg excitations in cold atomic ensembles. The Rydberg spin waves are created either by off resonant two-photon excitation to the Rydberg state or by Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency. To assess the indistinguishability of the generated single photons, we perform Hong-Ou-Mandel experiments between the single photons and weak coherent states of light. We analyze the indistinguishability of the single photons as a function of the detection window and for photons generated by off-resonant excitation we infer high value of indistinguishability going from 89% for the full waveform to 98% for small detection windows. In the same way, we also investigate for the first time the indistinguishability of single photons generated by Rydberg EIT, showing values lower than those corresponding to single photons generated by off-resonant excitation. These results are relevant for the use of Rydberg atoms as quantum network nodes.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures. Submitted on November 9
The X-Ray Luminosity--Mass Relation for Local Clusters of Galaxies
Creators: name: Stanek, R.
name: Evrard, A. E.
name: Böhringer, H.
name: Schuecker, P.
name: Nord, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the relationship between soft \xray luminosity and mass for low redshift clusters of galaxies by comparing observed number counts to expectations of $Λ$CDM cosmologies. We use a three-parameter model for the conditional probability of luminosity given mass and epoch, described as a log-normal distribution of fixed width centered on a power-law scaling relation, $L \spropto M^p\rhoc^s(z)$. We use an ensemble of simulated clusters to argue that the observed, intrinsic variance in the temperature--luminosity relation is directly indicative of mass--luminosity variance, and derive $\sigm \se 0.43 \pm 0.06$ from HIFLUGCS data. Adding this to the likelihood analysis results in best-fit estimates $p \se 1.59 \pm 0.05$, $\lnlf \se 1.34 \pm 0.09$, and $\sigm \se 0.37 \pm 0.05$ for self-similar redshift evolution in a concordance ($Ω_m \se 0.3$, $Ω_Λ\se 0.7$, $σ_8 \se0.9$) universe. We show that the present-epoch intercept is very sensitive to power spectrum normalization, $\lnlf \spropto \sigate^{-4}$, and the slope is weakly sensitive to the matter density, $p \spropto Ω_m^{1/2}$. The intercept derived here is dimmer by a factor 2, and slope slightly steeper, than the L-M relation published using hydrostatic mass estimates of the HIFLUGCS sample. We show that this discrepancy is largely due to Malmquist bias of the \xray\ flux-limited sample. In light of new WMAP constraints, we discuss the interplay between parameters and sources of systematic error, and offer a compromise model with $Ω_m \se 0.24$, $σ_8 \se 0.85$, and somewhat lower scatter $\sigm \se 0.25$, in which hydrostatic mass estimates remain accurate to $\ssim 15%$. We stress the need for independent calibration of the L-M relation via weak gravitational lensing.
description: 18 pages, 13 figures, accepted to ApJ. We have incorporated the WMAP cosmology constraints in our analysis
Cosmic hydrogen - fuel for star formation and tracer of baryon flow
Creators: name: Rhee, Jonghwan
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2015

description: A new window to explore the intermediate redshift regime 0.1< z <0.4 in the 21-cm emission line of atomic hydrogen has been opened by a new observational approach called HI spectral stacking. Through this window, a way to measure HI gas content of galaxies beyond the local universe is found, and the cosmic density of neutral hydrogen in galaxies across the redshift range 0.1< z <0.4 has been quantified. To investigate the evolution of hydrogen gas - an important ingredient for star formation - over cosmic time, three different galaxy fields at cosmic epoch between z=0.1 and 0.4 have been observed with two radio telescopes: the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) and the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT). The HI spectral stacking technique, using measured optical redshifts and celestial coordinates, has been applied to measure very weak radio emission in the HI 21-cm line, leading to determination of the cosmic HI mass density and the ratio of HI mass to optical luminosity over the last 4 Gyr of cosmic time. In this technique, HI emission spectra from many galaxies with measured optical redshifts in the target field are co-added to measure the average HI mass of the catalogued galaxies in the field. This thesis reports observations made with radio telescopes equipped to study galaxies in 4 redshift bins: z{u0303}0.1, 0.2, 0.32 and 0.37. From the HI mass measurement, the cosmic HI gas densities at those redshifts are derived and compared to other measurements at different redshifts compiled from the literature to assess the global trend of neutral hydrogen gas evolution in cosmic history. From measurements from z=0 to 0.37, it is found that there is no significant variation of HI density during the last 4 Gyr, and all measurements of HI density using 21-cm emission at z<0.4 are consistent with one another. The observationally challenging redshift ranges of z>0.3 are explored with the GMRT, one of the most sensitive radio telescopes capable of observation at redshifted HI frequencies up to z{u0303}0.4. The VVDS 14h field at z{u0303}0.32 and zCOSMOS field at z{u0303}0.37 were observed using the GMRT with long integration time of 136 h and 134 h, respectively. 165 galaxies in VVDS 14h field are used for HI stacking to obtain high signal-to-noise ratio of HI signal. For zCOSMOS field, HI spectra of 474 field galaxies are co-added. This thesis successfully demonstrates the viability of the HI spectral stacking technique at 0.1< z <0.4 with current radio telescopes and proves that this is a promising technique to push the sensitivity limit of future radio facilities still further.
Demonstration of a Quantum Controlled-NOT Gate in the Telecom Band
Creators: name: Chen, Jun
name: Altepeter, Joseph B.
name: Medic, Milja
name: Lee, Kim Fook
name: Gokden, Burc
name: Hadfield, Robert H.
name: Nam, Sae Woo
name: Kumar, Prem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first quantum controlled-NOT (CNOT) gate realized using a fiber-based indistinguishable photon-pair source in the 1.55 $μ$m telecommunications band. Using this free-space CNOT gate, all four Bell states are produced and fully characterized by performing quantum state tomography, demonstrating the gate's unambiguous entangling capability and high fidelity. Telecom-band operation makes this CNOT gate particularly suitable for quantum information processing tasks that are at the interface of quantum communication and linear optical quantum computing.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Neutrino eigenstates and flavour, spin and spin-flavour oscillations in a constant magnetic field
Creators: name: Lichkunov, Alexey
name: Popov, Artem
name: Studenikin, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop the approach to the problem of neutrino oscillations in a magnetic field introduced in \cite{Popov:2019nkr} and extend it to the case of three neutrino generations. The theoretical framework suitable for computation of the Dirac neutrino spin, flavour and spin-flavour oscillations probabilities in a magnetic field is given. It is shown that there is an entanglement between neutrino flavour and spin oscillations and in the general case it is not possible to consider these two types of neutrino oscillations separately. The closed analytic expressions for the probabilities of oscillations are obtained accounting for the normal and inverted hierarchies and the possible effect of CP violation. In particular, it is shown that the probabilities of the conversions without neutrino flavor change, i.e. $ν_e^L \rightarrow ν_e^L$ and $ν_e^L \rightarrow ν_e^R$, do not exhibit the dependence on the CP phase, while the other neutrino conversions are affected by the CP phase. In general, the neutrino oscillation probabilities exhibit quite a complicated interplay of oscillations on the magnetic $μ_ν B$ and vacuum frequencies. The obtained results are of interest in applications to neutrino oscillations under the influence of extreme astrophysical environments, for example peculiar to magnetars and supernovas, as well as in studying neutrino propagation in interstellar magnetic fields.
description: 4 pages and 2 figures in Latex, presented at the the European Physical Society Conference on High Energy Physics, Ghent, Belgium, 10-17 July, 2019
A Theoretical Framework for the Mass Distribution of Gas Giant Planets forming through the Core Accretion Paradigm
Creators: name: Adams, Fred C
name: Meyer, Michael R
name: Adams, Arthur D
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper constructs a theoretical framework for calculating the distribution of masses for gas giant planets forming via the core accretion paradigm. Starting with known properties of circumstellar disks, we present models for the planetary mass distribution over the range $0.1M_J < M_{\rm p} < 10M_J$. If the circumstellar disk lifetime is solely responsible for the end of planetary mass accretion, the observed (nearly) exponential distribution of disk lifetime would imprint an exponential fall-off in the planetary mass function. This result is in apparent conflict with observations, which suggest that the mass distribution has a (nearly) power-law form $dF/dM_{\rm p}\sim M_{\rm p}^{-p}$, with index $p\approx1.3$, over the relevant planetary mass range (and for stellar masses $\sim0.5-2M_\odot$). The mass accretion rate onto the planet depends on the fraction of the (circumstellar) disk accretion flow that enters the Hill sphere, and on the efficiency with which the planet captures the incoming material. Models for the planetary mass function that include distributions for these efficiencies, with uninformed priors, can produce nearly power-law behavior, consistent with current observations. The disk lifetimes, accretion rates, and other input parameters depend on the mass of the host star. We show how these variations lead to different forms for the planetary mass function for different stellar masses. Compared to stars with masses $M_\ast$ = $0.5-2M_\odot$, stars with smaller masses are predicted to have a steeper planetary mass function (fewer large planets).
description: 29 pages, 4 figures, accepted to ApJ
Lexical elicitation: voice quality; other vocabulary
Creators: name: Ranphisarn, Sirinan
name: Lau-Preechathammarach, Raksit Tyler
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: sss

description: Elicitation of words differing only in voice quality (modal, breathy) and other words. Consultant is a 39-year-old female.
Overcoming temperature limits in the optical cooling of solids using light-dressed states
Creators: name: Tude, Luisa Toledo
name: Murphy, Conor N.
name: Eastham, Paul R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Laser cooling of solids currently has a temperature floor of 50 - 100 K. We propose a method that could overcome this using defects, such as diamond color centers, with narrow electronic manifolds and bright optical transitions. It exploits the dressed states formed in strong fields which extend the set of phonon transitions and have tunable energies. This allows an enhancement of the cooling power and diminishes the effect of inhomogeneous broadening. We demonstrate these effects theoretically for the silicon-vacancy and the germanium-vacancy, and discuss the role of background absorption, phonon-assisted emission, and non-radiative decay.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures. v2: Improved discussion of competing heating processes and phonon-assisted decay. New supplemental material with summary of methods, analysis of validity of Born-Markov approach, results for the germanium-vacancy. v3: Simplified presentation of method in main text
The CERES/NA45 Radial Drift Time Projection Chamber
Creators: name: The CERES Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The design, calibration, and performance of the first radial drift Time Projection Chamber (TPC) are presented. The TPC was built and installed at the CERES/NA45 experiment at the CERN SPS in the late nineties, with the objective to improve the momentum resolution of the spectrometer. The upgraded experiment took data twice, in 1999 and in 2000. After a detailed study of residual distortions a spatial resolution of 340 um in the azimuthal and 640 um in the radial direction was achieved, corresponding to a momentum resolution of Dp/p = sqrt{(1% * p/GeV)^2 + (2%)^2}.
description: 57 pages, 59 figures
Galaxy clusters as intrinsic alignment tracers: present and future
Creators: name: Vedder, Casper J. G.
name: Chisari, Nora Elisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galaxies and clusters embedded in the large-scale structure of the Universe are observed to align in preferential directions. Galaxy alignment has been established as a potential probe for cosmological information, but the application of cluster alignments for these purposes remains unexplored. Clusters are observed to have a higher alignment amplitude than galaxies, but because galaxies are much more numerous, the trade-off in detectability between the two signals remains unclear. We present forecasts comparing cluster and galaxy alignments for two extragalactic survey set-ups: a currently-available low redshift survey (SDSS) and an upcoming higher redshift survey (LSST). For SDSS, we rely on the publicly available redMaPPer catalogue to describe the cluster sample. For LSST, we perform estimations of the expected number counts while we extrapolate the alignment measurements from SDSS. Clusters in SDSS have typically higher alignment signal-to-noise than galaxies. For LSST, the cluster alignment signals quickly wash out with redshift due to a relatively low number count and a decreasing alignment amplitude. Nevertheless, a potential strong-suit of clusters is in their interplay with weak lensing: intrinsic alignments can be more easily isolated for clusters than for galaxies. The signal-to-noise of cluster alignment can in general be improved by isolating close pairs along the line of sight.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
TabDDPM: Modelling Tabular Data with Diffusion Models
Creators: name: Kotelnikov, Akim
name: Baranchuk, Dmitry
name: Rubachev, Ivan
name: Babenko, Artem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Denoising diffusion probabilistic models are currently becoming the leading paradigm of generative modeling for many important data modalities. Being the most prevalent in the computer vision community, diffusion models have also recently gained some attention in other domains, including speech, NLP, and graph-like data. In this work, we investigate if the framework of diffusion models can be advantageous for general tabular problems, where datapoints are typically represented by vectors of heterogeneous features. The inherent heterogeneity of tabular data makes it quite challenging for accurate modeling, since the individual features can be of completely different nature, i.e., some of them can be continuous and some of them can be discrete. To address such data types, we introduce TabDDPM -- a diffusion model that can be universally applied to any tabular dataset and handles any type of feature. We extensively evaluate TabDDPM on a wide set of benchmarks and demonstrate its superiority over existing GAN/VAE alternatives, which is consistent with the advantage of diffusion models in other fields. Additionally, we show that TabDDPM is eligible for privacy-oriented setups, where the original datapoints cannot be publicly shared.
description: code https://github.com/yandex-research/tab-ddpm
Thermodynamical properties of dark energy
Creators: name: Gong, Yungui
name: Wang, Bin
name: Wang, Anzhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated the thermodynamical properties of dark energy. Assuming that the dark energy temperature $T\sim a^{-n}$ and considering that the volume of the Universe enveloped by the apparent horizon relates to the temperature, we have derived the dark energy entropy. For dark energy with constant equation of state $w>-1$ and the generalized Chaplygin gas, the derived entropy can be positive and satisfy the entropy bound. The total entropy, including those of dark energy, the thermal radiation and the apparent horizon, satisfies the generalized second law of thermodynamics. However, for the phantom with constant equation of state, the positivity of entropy, the entropy bound, and the generalized second law cannot be satisfied simultaneously.
description: 5 two column pages, 2 figures; v2: discussion on thermal equilibrium with the horizon is added, v3: minor corrections, published in PRD
Duality-Symmetric Approach to General Relativity and Supergravity
Creators: name: Nurmagambetov, Alexei J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the application of a duality-symmetric approach to gravity and supergravity with emphasizing benefits and disadvantages of the formulation. Contents of these notes includes: 1) Introduction with putting the accent on the role of dual gravity within M-theory; 2) Dualization of gravity with a cosmological constant in D = 3; 3) On-shell description of dual gravity in D > 3; 4) Construction of the duality-symmetric action for General Relativity with/without matter fields; 5) On-shell description of dual gravity in linearized approximation; 6) Brief summary of the paper.
description: Published in SIGMA (Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: Methods and Applications) at http://www.emis.de/journals/SIGMA/
Fast outflows in compact radio sources: evidence for AGN-induced feedback in the early stages of radio source evolution
Creators: name: Holt, J.
name: Tadhunter, C. N.
name: Morganti, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present intermediate resolution, wide wavelength coverage spectra for a complete sample of 14 compact radio sources taken with the aim of investigating the impact of the nuclear activity on the circumnuclear (ISM) in the early stages of radio source evolution. We observe spatially extended line emission (up to 20 kpc) in the majority of sources which is consistent with a quiescent halo. In the nuclear apertures we observe broad, highly complex emission line profiles. Multiple Gaussian modelling of the [O III]5007 line reveals 2-4 components which can have FWHM and blueshifts relative to the halo of up to 2000 km/s. We interpret these broad, blueshifted components as material in outflow and discuss the kinematical evidence for jet-driven outflows. Comparisons with samples in the literature show that compact radio sources harbour more extreme nuclear kinematics than their extended counterparts, a trend seen within our sample with larger velocities in the smaller sources. The observed velocities are also likely to be influenced by source orientation with respect to the observer's line of sight. Nine sources have associated HI absorption. In common with the optical emission line gas, the HI profiles are often highly complex with the majority of the detected components significantly blueshifted, tracing outflows in the neutral gas. The sample has been tested for stratification in the ISM (FWHM/ionisation potential/critical density) as suggested by Holt et al. (2003) for PKS1345+12 but we find no significant trends within the sample using a Spearman Rank analysis. This study supports the idea that compact radio sources are young radio loud AGN observed during the early stages of their evolution and currently shedding their natal cocoons through extreme circumnuclear outflows.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 24 pages, 7 figures
Heterogeneous Hand Guise Classification Based on Surface Electromyographic Signals Using Multichannel Convolutional Neural Network
Creators: name: Sikder, Niloy
name: Arif, Abu Shamim Mohammad
name: Nahid, Abdullah-Al
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Electromyography (EMG) is a way of measuring the bioelectric activities that take place inside the muscles. EMG is usually performed to detect abnormalities within the nerves or muscles of a target area. The recent developments in the field of Machine Learning allow us to use EMG signals to teach machines the complex properties of human movements. Modern machines are capable of detecting numerous human activities and distinguishing among them solely based on the EMG signals produced by those activities. However, success in accomplishing this task mostly depends on the learning technique used by the machine to analyze EMG signals; and even the latest algorithms do not result in flawless classification. In this study, a novel classification method has been described employing a multichannel Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) that interprets surface EMG signals by the properties they exhibit in the power domain. The proposed method was tested on a well-established EMG dataset, and the result yields very high classification accuracy. This learning model will help researchers to develop prosthetic arms capable of detecting various hand gestures to mimic them afterwards.
description: 10 pages, 2019 22nd International Conference of Computer and Information Technology (ICCIT), 18-20 December, 2019
From Centrality to Temporary Fame: Dynamic Centrality in Complex Networks
Creators: name: Braha, Dan
name: Bar-Yam, Yaneer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a new approach to the study of the dynamics of link utilization in complex networks using records of communication in a large social network. Counter to the perspective that nodes have particular roles, we find roles change dramatically from day to day. "Local hubs" have a power law degree distribution over time, with no characteristic degree value. Our results imply a significant reinterpretation of the concept of node centrality in complex networks, and among other conclusions suggest that interventions targeting hubs will have significantly less effect than previously thought.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
Dark supernova remnant
Creators: name: Sofue, Yoshiaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An almost perfect round hole of CO-line emission with a diameter of 3.7 pc was found in a molecular cloud (MC) centered on G35.75-0.25 ($l = 35^\circ.75, b = -0^\circ.25$) at radial velocity of 28 km s$^{-1}$. The hole is quiet in radio continuum emission, unlike the usual supernova remnants (SNR), and the molecular edge is only weakly visible in 8 and 24 $μ$m dust emissions. The hole may be either a fully evolved molecular bubble around a young stellar object (YSO), or a relic of a radio-quiet SNR that has already stopped expansion after rapid evolution in the dense MC as a buried SNR. Because G35.75 exhibits quite different properties from YSO-driven bubbles of the same size, we prefer the latter interpretation. Existence of such a "dark" SNR would affect the estimation of the supernova rate, and therefore the star formation history in the Galaxy.
description: PASJ Letters, accepted, 5 pages, 6 figures
Perilampus Latreille 1809
Creators: name: Yoo, Jeong Jae
name: Darling, D. Christopher
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Perilampidae
Perilampus

description: Perilampus Latreille, 1809
Taltonos Argaman, 1990 (subjective synonym, Darling, 1996).
description: Published as part of Yoo, Jeong Jae & Darling, D. Christopher, 2025, Taxonomic revision of the Perilampus carolinensis species complex (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Perilampidae), and the description of five new species, pp. 151-195 in Zootaxa 5621 (2) on page 157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5621.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/15262606
Seeing through silver: a chemical history of moving images, 1880–1950
Creators: name: Von Stackelberg, Emmet Winkle
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2023

description: “Seeing through Silver” is a history of nitrate motion picture film, the substance that made cinema possible. Long seen as immaterial, motion pictures were in fact made of a combustible combination of cotton, cow hide, and silver. Most of the world’s supply was produced by its inventor, Eastman Kodak, in Rochester, New York. The project follows Kodak’s nitrate film across time and space, from cinema’s origins in the late 19th century until the cessation of its manufacture in the middle of the 20th century. Working to stabilize a flammable material and standardize the images it produced, Kodak prized purity and control; chasing the constant future growth it promised investors, Kodak sought mass production methods for film that could be scaled without limit. The drive to control film’s volatility, within Kodak and without, helped at once to define Kodak and to constitute cinema itself.Drawing on Kodak’s corporate archives and New York City’s municipal archives, as well as personal correspondence, legal records, and published material, “Seeing through Silver” traces the imperial extraction of film’s ingredients, the toxic work of their combination, and the dangerous lives film led once used to make and exhibit motion pictures. The first two chapters follow the origins of celluloid film and the diverse stories of the extraction of its raw materials. The third chapter uncovers the importance of Kodak’s continuous flow method of making film to the history of cinema and of Kodak. The final chapter follows how the earliest efforts to regulate cinema were linked to the flammability of celluloid. Along the way, “Seeing through Silver” introduces chemical engineers, frustrated workers, managerial technocrats, Progressive urban reformers and the controlling personality of George Eastman himself. In telling the story of celluloid through Kodak, this project follows an ongoing struggle, which saw industrial corporate demands for control and for growth pitted against the volatility, mystery, and spontaneity of the world itself. Celluloid exemplifies what industrial capitalism could not control or suppress—the workings of chance and the mysteries of matter.
Searching for Cool Core Clusters at High redshift
Creators: name: Santos, Joana S.
name: Rosati, Piero
name: Tozzi, Paolo
name: Boehringer, Hans
name: Ettori, Stefano
name: Bignamini, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the detection of Cool Cores (CCs) in the distant galaxy cluster population, with the purpose of measuring the CC fraction out to redshift 0.7 < z < 1.4. Using a sample of nearby clusters spanning a wide range of morphologies, we define criteria to characterize cool cores, which are applicable to the high redshift sample. We analyzed azimuthally averaged surface brightness (SB) profiles using the known scaling relations and fitted single/double beta models to the data. Additionally, we measured a surface brightness concentration, c_SB, as the ratio of the peak over the ambient SB. To verify that this is an unbiased parameter as a function of redshift, we developed a model independent "cloning" technique to simulate the nearby clusters as they would appear at the same redshifts and luminosities as those in the distant sample. A more physical parameterization of CC presence is obtained by computing the cooling time at a radius of 20 kpc from the cluster center. The distribution of the SB concentration and the stacked radial profiles of the low-z sample, combined with published information on the CC properties of these clusters, show 3 degrees of SB cuspiness: non-CC, moderate and strong CC. The same analysis applied to the high-z clusters reveals two regimes: non-CC and moderate CC. The cooling time distribution corroborates this result by showing a strong negative correlation with c_SB. Our analysis indicates a significant fraction of distant clusters harboring a moderate CC out to z=1.4, similar to those found in the local sample. The absence of strong cooling which we report is likely linked with a higher merger rate expected at redshift z > 0.7, and should also be related with the shorter age of distant clusters, implying less time to develop a cool core.
description: 14 pages, 12 figures, to appear in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Point-Source Power in 3 Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe Data
Creators: name: Huffenberger, K. M.
name: Eriksen, H. K.
name: Hansen, F. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a set of multifrequency cross spectra computed from the 3 year WMAP sky maps, we fit for the unresolved point-source contribution. For a white-noise power spectrum, we find a Q-band amplitude of A=0.011 +/- 0.001 muK^2 sr (antenna temperature), significantly smaller than the value of 0.017 +/- 0.002 muK^2 sr used to correct the spectra in the WMAP release. Modifying the point-source correction in this way largely resolves the discrepancy that Eriksen et al. found between the WMAP V- and W-band power spectra. Correcting the co-added WMAP spectrum for both the low-l power excess due to a suboptimal likelihood approximation--also reported by Eriksen et al.--and the high-l power deficit due to oversubtracted point sources--presented in this Letter--we find that the net effect in terms of cosmological parameters is an \~0.7 sigma shift in n_s to larger values. For the combination of WMAP, BOOMERANG, and ACBAR data, we find n_s=0.969 +/- 0.016, lowering the significance of n_s not equal to 1 from ~2.7 sigma to ~2.0 sigma.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, 1 table. Minor revisions to match published version