cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Design, development, and applications of QbD elements for topical polymeric drug delivery nanotechnology
Creators: name: Goodyear, Benjamin C.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2021

description: In this dissertation, novel drug delivery technologies were developed to optimize nanocapsules for topical drug delivery for the treatment of chronic inflammatory skin diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Chapter one provides a technical research foundation that defines and outlines the overall scope of research work. Chapter two covers the primary methods to prepare nanocapsules and the identification of available material and processing attributes. Chapter three uses a 25 full factorial central composite design to elucidate and optimize the critical material attributes and critical process parameters for optimizing an ibuprofen-loaded nanocapsule architecture. The critical quality attributes were measured to define an ideal nanocapsule formulation based on particle size and polydispersity index studies. An optimized nanocapsule formulation containing a Z average d.nm of 374.83 nm ±52.3 SD size, polydispersity (PDI) index of 0.3 +/- 0.0 was validated.Chapter four incorporated nanocapsule vehicles into various types of hydrogel formulation vehicles. The hydrogel formulation evaluations measured microstructural integrity and stability-indicating physiochemical properties, including color, odor, appearance, microscopy, pH. Chapter five focuses on evaluating the critical formulation performance properties of the final drug formulation, which was selected based on achieving a sustained dermal drug delivery performance using an optimized hydrogel formulation using ibuprofen-loaded nanocapsules.The research objectives of this dissertation are:1.To design and develop a polymeric nano carrier based drug delivery technology suitable for entrapment of lipophilic compounds guided by “one factor-at-a-time” (O-FAT) using particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and % entrapment efficiency.2.To complete a 25 full factorial design by using a systematic QbD approach guided by a statistical tool, Design Expert, for the selection of a suitable nanocapsule vehicle for the topical delivery of ibuprofen.3.To develop, characterize, and evaluate a topical hydrogel formulation suitable for use with the topical delivery of ibuprofen-loaded nanocapsules (Ibu-NC) into human cadaver skin.4.To compare the drug release profile of hydrogel formulations containing ibuprofen loaded nanocapsules to achieve a sustained release delivery effect using in vitro permeation testing (IVPT).Overall, this dissertation research sets forth a path for developing and characterizing an example of a personalized dosage form using polymeric drug delivery nanotechnology.
Paraconformal geometry of $n$th order ODEs, and exotic holonomy in dimension four
Creators: name: Dunajski, Maciej
name: Tod, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We characterise $n$th order ODEs for which the space of solutions $M$ is equipped with a particular paraconformal structure in the sense of \cite{BE}, that is a splitting of the tangent bundle as a symmetric tensor product of rank-two vector bundles. This leads to the vanishing of $(n-2)$ quantities constructed from of the ODE. If $n=4$ the paraconformal structure is shown to be equivalent to the exotic ${\cal G}_3$ holonomy of Bryant. If $n=4$, or $n\geq 6$ and $M$ admits a torsion--free connection compatible with the paraconformal structure then the ODE is trivialisable by point or contact transformations respectively. If $n=2$ or 3 $M$ admits an affine paraconformal connection with no torsion. In these cases additional constraints can be imposed on the ODE so that $M$ admits a projective structure if $n=2$, or an Einstein--Weyl structure if $n=3$. The third order ODE can in this case be reconstructed from the Einstein--Weyl data.
description: Theorem 1.2 strengthened and its proof clarified. Theorem 1.3 generalised to all dimensions, updated references, an example of 5th order ODE on the space of conics in $CP^2$ added, connection with Doubrov-Wilczynski invariants clarified. Final version, to appear in Journal of Geometry and Physics
Capacity building for value chain development: A multimethod study of culturally responsive agricultural extension in Papua New Guinea
Creators: name: Hainzer, Kirt
Publisher: name: CQUniversity
Year: 2024

description: In the low- and middle-income countries, agricultural extension has the potential to close capacity gaps and progress rural livelihoods. Using a multimethod approach, this PhD project identified strategies to improve extension outcomes by incorporating the socio-cultural components of knowledge systems into agricultural extension in Papua New Guinea.
Bayesian analysis of heavy ion collisions with the heavy ion computational framework Trajectum
Creators: name: Nijs, Govert
name: van der Schee, Wilke
name: Gürsoy, Umut
name: Snellings, Raimond
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a model for heavy ion collisions named Trajectum, which includes an expanded initial stage with a variable free streaming velocity $v_{\rm fs}$ and a hydrodynamic stage with three varying second order transport coefficients. We describe how to obtain a Gaussian Emulator for this 20-parameter model and show results for key observables. This emulator can be used to obtain Bayesian posterior estimates on the parameters, which we test by an elaborate closure test as well as a convergence study. Lastly, we employ the optimal values of the parameters found in [1] to perform a detailed comparison to experimental data from PbPb and $p$Pb collisions. This includes both observables that have been used to obtain these values as well as wider transverse momentum ranges and new observables such as correlations of event-plane angles.
description: 28 pages, 29 figures, see also the companion paper "A transverse momentum differential global analysis of Heavy Ion Collisions" (2010.15130), v2: matches published version
Vortex Fractionalization in a Josephson Ladder
Creators: name: Tornes, Ivan
name: Stroud, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show numerically that, in a Josephson ladder with periodic boundary conditions and subject to a suitable transverse magnetic field, a vortex excitation can spontaneously break up into two or more fractional excitations. If the ladder has N plaquettes, and N is divisible by an integer q, then in an applied transverse field of 1/q flux quanta per plaquette the ground state is a regular pattern of one fluxon every q plaquettes. When one additional fluxon is added to the ladder, it breaks up into q fractional fluxons, each carrying 1/q units of vorticity. The fractional fluxons are basically walls between different domains of the ground state of the underlying 1/q lattice. The fractional fluxons are all depinned at the same applied current and move as a unit. For certain applied fields and ladder lengths, we show that there are isolated fractional fluxons. It is shown that the fractional fluxons would produce a time-averaged voltage related in a characteristic way to the ac voltage frequency.
description: 13 Figures. 10 pages
Nepallaphus Löbl & Kodada 2021
Creators: name: Löbl, Ivan
name: Kodada, Ján
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Nepallaphus

description: Key to species of Nepallaphus Elytra lacking discal carinae, setae on elytral disc not arranged in rows, basal halves of lateral elytral margins oblique....................................................................  N. treeni n. sp. Elytra with distinct discal carinae, setae on elytral disc to part arranges in rows, lateral margins of elytra rounded....... 2 Frontal sulcus parallel-sided. Elytron with discal carina extending to apical third of elytron..............  N. ekam n. sp. Frontal sulcus widened posteriad. Elytron with discal carina extending to elytral mid-length...................  N. dve n. sp.
description: Published as part of Löbl, Ivan & Kodada, Ján, 2021, On the Himalayan Pselaphini (Insecta: Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae), pp. 349-368 in Biodiversität und Naturausstattung im Himalaya VII, Erfurt :Naturkundemuseum on page 360, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5793818
Control of a Lightweight Flexible Robotic Arm Using Sliding Modes
Creators: name: Etxebarria, Victor
name: Sanz, Arantza
name: Lizarraga, Ibone
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents a robust control scheme for flexible link robotic manipulators, which is based on considering the flexible mechanical structure as a system with slow (rigid) and fast (flexible) modes that can be controlled separately. The rigid dynamics is controlled by means of a robust sliding-mode approach with wellestablished stability properties while an LQR optimal design is adopted for the flexible dynamics. Experimental results show that this composite approach achieves good closed loop tracking properties both for the rigid and the flexible dynamics.
Multi-Particle Processes in QCD without Feynman Diagrams
Creators: name: Papadopoulos, Costas G.
name: Worek, Malgorzata
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A way to efficiently compute helicity amplitudes for arbitrary tree-level scattering processes in QCD is presented. The scattering amplitude is evaluated recursively through a set of Dyson-Schwinger equations. The computational cost of this algorithm grows asymptotically as 3^n, where n is the number of particles involved in the process, compared to n! in the traditional Feynman graphs approach. Unitary gauge is used and mass effects are available as well. Additionally,the color and helicity structures are appropriately transformed so the usual summation is replaced by the Monte Carlo techniques.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures. Presented at the X International Workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in Physics Research, ACAT 2005, DESY-Zeuthen, Germany, 22-27 May 2005
The effects of night-time warming on mortality burden under future climate change scenarios: a modelling study
Creators: name: Zhou, Lu
name: Schneider, Alexandra
name: Kim, Ho
name: Zhang, Yuqiang
name: Kim, Satbyul Estella
name: Hashizume, Masahiro
name: Kinney, Patrick L
name: He, Cheng
name: Chen, Renjie
name: Lee, Whanhee
name: Kan, Haidong
name: Honda, Yasushi
name: Zhu, Yixiang
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2022

description:
BACKGROUND: The health impacts of climate warming are usually quantified based on daily average temperatures. However, extra health risks might result from hot nights. We project the future mortality burden due to hot nights. METHODS: We selected the hot night excess (HNE) to represent the intensity of night-time heat, which was calculated as the excess sum of high temperature during night time. We collected historical mortality data in 28 cities from three east Asian countries, from 1981 to 2010. The associations between HNE and mortality in each city were firstly examined using a generalised additive model in combination with a distributed lag non-linear model over lag 0-10 days. We then pooled the cumulative associations using a univariate meta-regression model at the national or regional levels. Historical and future hourly temperature series were projected under two scenarios of greenhouse-gas emissions from 1980-2099, with ten general circulation models. We then projected the attributable fraction of mortality due to HNE under each scenario. FINDINGS: Our dataset comprised 28 cities across three countries (Japan, South Korea, and China), including 9 185 598 deaths. The time-series analyses showed the HNE was significantly associated with increased mortality risks, the relative mortality risk on days with hot nights could be 50% higher than on days with non-hot nights. Compared with the rise in daily mean temperature (lower than 20%), the frequency of hot nights would increase more than 30% and the intensity of hot night would increase by 50% by 2100s. The attributable fraction of mortality due to hot nights was projected to be 3·68% (95% CI 1·20 to 6·17) under a strict emission control scenario (SSP126). Under a medium emission control scenario (SSP245), the attributable fraction of mortality was projected to increase up to 5·79% (2·07 to 9·52), which is 0·95% (-0·39 to 2·29) more than the attributable fraction of mortality due to daily mean temperature. INTERPRETATION: Our study provides evidence for significant mortality risks and burden in association with night-time warming across Japan, South Korea, and China. Our findings suggest a growing role of night-time warming in heat-related health effects in a changing climate. FUNDING: The National Natural Science Foundation of China, Shanghai International Science and Technology Partnership Project.
Dielectric Resonator Antenna Coupled Antimonide-Based Detectors (DRACAD) For the Infrared
Creators: name: Budhu, Jordan
name: Pfiester, Nicole
name: Choi, Kwong-Kit
name: Young, Steve
name: Ball, Chris
name: Krishna, Sanjay
name: Grbic, Anthony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In an infrared photodetector, noise current (dark current) is generated throughout the volume of the detector. Reducing the volume will reduce dark current, but the corresponding smaller area will also reduce the received signal. By using a separate antenna to receive light, one can reduce the detector area without reducing the signal, thereby increasing its signal to noise ratio (SNR). Here, we present a dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) coupled infrared photodetector. Its performance is compared to a conventional resonant cavity enhanced slab detector. The Noise Equivalent Power (NEP) is used as a figure of merit for the comparison. Formulas for the NEP are derived for both cases. A pBp photodiode detector is assumed in the comparison. The active region of the photodiode is an InAs/GaSb Type II Superlattice (T2SL). A Genetic Algorithm is used to optimize the dimensions of the detector and the DRA to achieve the smallest NEP. The result is a photodetector that converts over 85% of the incident light into carriers with a volume reduced by 95%. This optimal geometry leads to a NEP reduced by 6.02dB over that of the conventional resonant cavity enhanced slab detector.
Coordinate scaling in time-dependent current density functional theory
Creators: name: Dion, Maxime
name: Burke, Kieron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The coupling constant dependence is derived in time-dependent {\em current} density functional theory. The scaling relation can be used to check approximate functionals and in conjunction with the adiabatic connection formula to obtain the ground-state energy from the exchange-correlation kernel. The result for the uniform gas using the Vignale-Kohn approximation is deduced.
description: 4 pages; to appear as PRA rapid communication
Multi-Modal Human-Machine Communication for Instructing Robot Grasping Tasks
Creators: name: McGuire, P. C.
name: Fritsch, J.
name: Steil, J. J.
name: Roethling, F.
name: Fink, G. A.
name: Wachsmuth, S.
name: Sagerer, G.
name: Ritter, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.1.2; I.2.9; I.2.10; I.2.7; H.5.2; H.5.1; I.2.6; I.4.8; I.4.7; I.4.6

description: A major challenge for the realization of intelligent robots is to supply them with cognitive abilities in order to allow ordinary users to program them easily and intuitively. One way of such programming is teaching work tasks by interactive demonstration. To make this effective and convenient for the user, the machine must be capable to establish a common focus of attention and be able to use and integrate spoken instructions, visual perceptions, and non-verbal clues like gestural commands. We report progress in building a hybrid architecture that combines statistical methods, neural networks, and finite state machines into an integrated system for instructing grasping tasks by man-machine interaction. The system combines the GRAVIS-robot for visual attention and gestural instruction with an intelligent interface for speech recognition and linguistic interpretation, and an modality fusion module to allow multi-modal task-oriented man-machine communication with respect to dextrous robot manipulation of objects.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures
Taylor dispersion of elongated rods
Creators: name: Kumar, Ajay Harishankar
name: Thomson, Stuart J.
name: Powers, Thomas R.
name: Harris, Daniel M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Particles transported in fluid flows, such as cells, polymers, or nanorods, are rarely spherical. In this study, we numerically and theoretically investigate the dispersion of an initially localized patch of passive elongated Brownian particles constrained to one degree of rotational freedom in a two-dimensional Poiseuille flow, demonstrating that elongated particles exhibit an enhanced longitudinal dispersion. In a shear flow, the rods translate due to advection and diffusion and rotate due to rotational diffusion and their classical Jeffery's orbit. The magnitude of the enhanced dispersion depends on the particle's aspect ratio and the relative importance of its shear-induced rotational advection and rotational diffusivity. When rotational diffusion dominates, we recover the classical Taylor dispersion result for the longitudinal spreading rate using an orientationally averaged translational diffusivity for the rods. However, in the high-shear limit, the rods tend to align with the flow and ultimately disperse more due to their anisotropic diffusivities. Results from our Monte Carlo simulations of the particle dispersion are captured remarkably well by a simple theory inspired by Taylor's original work. For long times and large Peclet numbers, an effective one-dimensional transport equation is derived with integral expressions for the particles' longitudinal transport speed and dispersion coefficient. The enhanced dispersion coefficient can be collapsed along a single curve for particles of high aspect ratio, representing a simple correction factor that extends Taylor's original prediction to elongated particles.
description: 18 pages, 12 figures
Stability conditions and Stokes factors
Creators: name: Bridgeland, Tom
name: Toledano-Laredo, Valerio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18E10, 16D90, 34M55, 17B45

description: Let A be the category of modules over a complex, finite-dimensional algebra. We show that the space of stability conditions on A parametrises an isomonodromic family of irregular connections on P^1 with values in the Hall algebra of A. The residues of these connections are given by the holomorphic generating function for counting invariants in A constructed by D. Joyce.
description: Very minor changes. Final version. To appear in Inventiones
Multi-type Disentanglement without Adversarial Training
Creators: name: Sha, Lei
name: Lukasiewicz, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Controlling the style of natural language by disentangling the latent space is an important step towards interpretable machine learning. After the latent space is disentangled, the style of a sentence can be transformed by tuning the style representation without affecting other features of the sentence. Previous works usually use adversarial training to guarantee that disentangled vectors do not affect each other. However, adversarial methods are difficult to train. Especially when there are multiple features (e.g., sentiment, or tense, which we call style types in this paper), each feature requires a separate discriminator for extracting a disentangled style vector corresponding to that feature. In this paper, we propose a unified distribution-controlling method, which provides each specific style value (the value of style types, e.g., positive sentiment, or past tense) with a unique representation. This method contributes a solid theoretical basis to avoid adversarial training in multi-type disentanglement. We also propose multiple loss functions to achieve a style-content disentanglement as well as a disentanglement among multiple style types. In addition, we observe that if two different style types always have some specific style values that occur together in the dataset, they will affect each other when transferring the style values. We call this phenomenon training bias, and we propose a loss function to alleviate such training bias while disentangling multiple types. We conduct experiments on two datasets (Yelp service reviews and Amazon product reviews) to evaluate the style-disentangling effect and the unsupervised style transfer performance on two style types: sentiment and tense. The experimental results show the effectiveness of our model.
An algebraic approach to the study of weakly excited states for a condensate in a ring geometry
Creators: name: Buonsante, P.
name: Franco, R.
name: Penna, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine the low-energy spectrum and the eigenstates for a two-bosonic mode nonlinear model by applying the Inönü-Wigner contraction method to the Hamiltonian algebra. This model is known to well represent a Bose-Einstein condensate rotating in a thin torus endowed with two angular-momentum modes as well as a condensate in a double-well potential characterized by two space modes. We consider such a model in the presence of both an attractive and a repulsive boson interaction and investigate regimes corresponding to different values of the inter-mode tunneling parameter. We show that the results ensuing from our approach are in many cases extremely satisfactory. To this end we compare our results with the ground state obtained both numerically and within a standard semiclassical approximation based on su(2) coherent states.
description: 24 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication on J. Phys. A
A Hybrid Three Layer Architecture for Fire Agent Management in Rescue Simulation Environment
Creators: name: Geramifard, Alborz
name: Nayeri, Peyman
name: Zamani-Nasab, Reza
name: Habibi, Jafar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents a new architecture called FAIS for imple- menting intelligent agents cooperating in a special Multi Agent environ- ment, namely the RoboCup Rescue Simulation System. This is a layered architecture which is customized for solving fire extinguishing problem. Structural decision making algorithms are combined with heuristic ones in this model, so it's a hybrid architecture.
A transverse momentum differential global analysis of Heavy Ion Collisions
Creators: name: Nijs, Govert
name: van der Schee, Wilke
name: Gürsoy, Umut
name: Snellings, Raimond
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The understanding of heavy ion collisions and its quark-gluon plasma formation requires a complicated interplay of rich physics in a wealth of experimental data. In this work we compare for identified particles the transverse momentum dependence of both the yields and the anisotropic flow coefficients for both PbPb and $p$Pb collisions. We do this in a global model fit including a free streaming prehydrodynamic phase with variable velocity $v_\text{fs}$, thereby widening the scope of initial conditions. During the hydrodynamic phase we vary three second order transport coefficients. The free streaming velocity has a preference slightly below the speed of light. In this extended model the bulk viscosity is small and even consistent with zero.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, see also the companion paper "A Bayesian analysis of Heavy Ion Collisions with Trajectum" (2010.15134). v2: added Fig 7
Full parity phase diagram of a proximitized nanowire island
Creators: name: Shen, J.
name: Winkler, G. W.
name: Borsoi, F.
name: Heedt, S.
name: Levajac, V.
name: Wang, J. Y.
name: van Driel, D.
name: Bouman, D.
name: Gazibegovic, S.
name: Veld, R. L. M. Op Het
name: Car, D.
name: Logan, J. A.
name: Pendharkar, M.
name: Palmstrom, C. J.
name: Bakkers, E. P. A. M.
name: Kouwenhoven, L. P.
name: van Heck, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measure the charge periodicity of Coulomb blockade conductance oscillations of a hybrid InSb-Al island as a function of gate voltage and parallel magnetic field. The periodicity changes from $2e$ to $1e$ at a gate-dependent value of the magnetic field, $B^*$, decreasing from a high to a low limit upon increasing the gate voltage. In the gate voltage region between the two limits, which our numerical simulations indicate to be the most promising for locating Majorana zero modes, we observe correlated oscillations of peak spacings and heights. For positive gate voltages, the $2e$-$1e$ transition with low $B^*$ is due to the presence of non-topological states whose energy quickly disperses below the charging energy due to the orbital effect of the magnetic field. Our measurements demonstrate the importance of a careful exploration of the entire available phase space of a proximitized nanowire as a prerequisite to define future topological qubits.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures plus supplementary. v2: improved manuscript. v3: published version. Raw data and source code available at https://doi.org/10.4121/13333451.v4
Pattern formation in lateral oxidation of aluminum-rich AlxGa1-xAs
Creators: name: Nicoll, Christine Anne
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: A high-aluminum-content AlxGa1-xAs (x > 0.9) layer in an epitaxial III-V semiconductor heterostructure can be preferentially oxidised from an exposed edge at 375-450C in a wet N2 ambient. In this way, buried aluminum oxide layers can be formed which are useful for optical and electronic confinement in III-V devices such as VCSELs and distributed feedback lasers. The rate of oxidation is strongly dependent on aluminum content and is higher in the (001) directions than the (011). We find that an angular dependence of the form a + bsin²2θ accurately describes the anisotropy of the oxidation rate. This anisotropy has the interesting consequence that oxidation proceeding outward from a pinhole evolves into a "rounded-square" shape, while oxidation inward from a circular perimeter produces a square shape. Because of the strong dependence of the oxidation rate on the aluminum content, possibilities exist for lithographic control of oxidised areas by lateral modulation of the composition of the buried layer. The aluminum content of a thin buried aluminum-rich AlxGa1-xAs layer can be reduced by intermixing with neighbouring GaAs layers, using selective-area ion implantation and rapid thermal annealing. This makes it possible to create relatively complex oxide patterns in buried AlxGa1-xAs layers.
Light-front Hamiltonians for heavy quarks and gluons
Creators: name: Glazek, Stanislaw D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A boost-invariant light-front Hamiltonian formulation of canonical quantum chromodynamics provides a heuristic picture of the binding mechanism for effective heavy quarks and gluons.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, Invited talk at the Workshop on Light-Cone QCD and Nonperturbative Hadron Physics (LC2005), Cairns, Australia, 7-15 Jul 2005
Kaon Condensation and Lambda-Nucleon Loop in the Relativistic Mean-Field Approach
Creators: name: Maruyama, Tomoyuki
name: Muto, Takumi
name: Tatsumi, Toshitaka
name: Tsushima, Kazuo
name: Thomas, Anthony W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The possibility of kaon condensation in high-density symmetric nuclear matter is investigated including both s- and p-wave kaon-baryon interactions within the relativistic mean-field (RMF) theory. Above a certain density, we have a collective ${\bar K}_s$ state carrying the same quantum numbers as the antikaon. The appearance of the ${\bar K}_s$ state is caused by the time component of the axial-vector interaction between kaons and baryons. It is shown that the system becomes unstable with respect to condensation of $K$-${\bar K}_s$ pairs. We consider how the effective baryon masses affect the kaon self-energy coming from the time component of the axial-vector interaction. Also, the role of the spatial component of the axial-vector interaction on the possible existence of the collective kaonic states is discussed in connection with $Λ$-mixing effects in the ground state of high-density matter. Implications of $K{\bar K}_s$ condensation for high-energy heavy-ion collisions are briefly mentioned.
description: 27 pages text, 8 figures
Line Widths of Single-Electron Tunneling Oscillations: Experiment and Numerical Simulations
Creators: name: Bylander, Jonas
name: Duty, Tim
name: Delsing, Per
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present experimental and numerical results from a real-time detection of time-correlated single-electron tunneling oscillations in a one-dimensional series array of small tunnel junctions. The electrons tunnel with a frequency f=I/e, where I is the current and e is the electron charge. Experimentally, we have connected a single-electron transistor to the last array island, and in this way measured currents from 5 fA to 1 pA by counting the single electrons. We find that the line width of the oscillation is proportional to the frequency f. The experimental data agrees well with numerical simulations.
description: 2 pages, 1 figure. Submitted to the 24th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT24), Orlando, FL, USA, Aug. 2005; to be published in the AIP Conference Proceedings series
Active Brownian and inertial particles in disordered environments: short-time expansion of the mean-square displacement
Creators: name: Breoni, Davide
name: Schmiedeberg, Michael
name: Löwen, Hartmut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider an active Brownian particle moving in a disordered two-dimensional energy or motility landscape. The averaged mean-square-displacement (MSD) of the particle is calculated analytically within a systematic short-time expansion. As a result, for overdamped particles, both an external random force field and disorder in the self-propulsion speed induce ballistic behaviour adding to the ballistic regime of an active particle with sharp self-propulsion speed. Spatial correlations in the force and motility landscape contribute only to the cubic and higher order powers in time for the MSD. Finally, for inertial particles two superballistic regimes are found where the scaling exponent of the MSD with time is $α=3$ and $α=4$. We confirm our theoretical predictions by computer simulations. Moreover they are verifiable in experiments on self-propelled colloids in random environments.
description: 10 page, 4 figures
Open strings in a background guage field
Creators: name: Laidlaw, Mark
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The vacuum energy for open strings in a constant gauge field background is calculated for the disk and the annulus in a path integral formalism. This same formalism is then used to reproduce and generalize previous results for D-brane non-commutative geometry at string disk level. The contribution to non-commutative geometry from string annulus diagrams is calculated, and shown to be proportional to the divergence of the open string tachyon.
Dynamic Balance Control of Multi-arm Free-Floating Space Robots
Creators: name: Huang, Panfeng
name: Xu, Yangsheng
name: Liang, Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper investigates the problem of the dynamic balance control of multi-arm free-floating space robot during capturing an active object in close proximity. The position and orientation of space base will be affected during the operation of space manipulator because of the dynamics coupling between the manipulator and space base. This dynamics coupling is unique characteristics of space robot system. Such a disturbance will produce a serious impact between the manipulator hand and the object. To ensure reliable and precise operation, we propose to develop a space robot system consisting of two arms, with one arm (mission arm) for accomplishing the capture mission, and the other one (balance arm) compensating for the disturbance of the base. We present the coordinated control concept for balance of the attitude of the base using the balance arm. The mission arm can move along the given trajectory to approach and capture the target with no considering the disturbance from the coupling of the base. We establish a relationship between the motion of two arm that can realize the zeros reaction to the base. The simulation studies verified the validity and efficiency of the proposed control method.
Inflationary gravitational waves in consistent $D\to 4$ Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity
Creators: name: Aoki, Katsuki
name: Gorji, Mohammad Ali
name: Mizuno, Shuntaro
name: Mukohyama, Shinji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the slow-roll single field inflation in the context of the consistent $D\to4$ Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity that was recently proposed in \cite{Aoki:2020lig}. In addition to the standard attractor regime, we find a new attractor regime which we call the Gauss-Bonnet attractor as the dominant contribution comes from the Gauss-Bonnet term. Around this attractor solution, we find power spectra and spectral tilts for the curvature perturbations and gravitational waves (GWs) and also a model-independent consistency relation among observable quantities. The Gauss-Bonnet term provides a nonlinear $k^4$ term to the GWs dispersion relation which has the same order as the standard linear $k^2$ term at the time of horizon crossing around the Gauss-Bonnet attractor. The Gauss-Bonnet attractor regime thus provides a new scenario for the primordial GWs which can be tested by observations. Finally, we study non-Gaussianity of GWs in this model and estimate the nonlinear parameters $f^{s_1s_2s_3}_{\rm NL,\;sq}$ and $f^{s_1s_2s_3}_{\rm NL,\;eq}$ by fitting the computed GWs bispectra with the local-type and equilateral-type templates respectively at the squeezed limit and at the equilateral shape. For helicities $(+++)$ and $( -- )$, $f^{s_1s_2s_3}_{\rm NL,\;sq}$ is larger while $f^{s_1s_2s_3}_{\rm NL,\;eq}$ is larger for helicities $(++-)$ and $(--+)$.
description: 30 pages, 4 figures, observational bound is corrected
UTILIZANDO O TRACKER PARA A OBTENÇÃO DA CARGA ESPECÍFICA DO ELETRON.
Creators: name: Cavalcante, M. A
name: Rodrigues, T.T.T
name: Teixeira, A.C
name: Rodrigues, C.E.M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Tracker
Carga especifica do elétron
Física Moderna

description: O Tracker é uma aplicação gráfica em Java publicada mediante a licença GPL que permite analisar vídeos do ponto de vista físico muito utilizado para estudo de fenômenos correlacionados à mecânica e cinemática. Neste trabalho, apresentamos uma proposta de aplicação do Tracker para o desenvolvimento de experimentos em Física Moderna, particularmente na determinação da carga específica do elétron. A metodologia desenvolvida permitiu melhorar consideravelmente os resultados obtidos comparativamente
 à técnica tradicional, apontando novas possibilidades de investigação e aplicações nos laboratórios didáticos destinados a esta área do conhecimento. Tendo em vista que os vídeos produzidos podem e devem ser disponibilizados livremente na web, tornamos amplo e irrestrito o acesso e desenvolvimento de experimentos historicamente importantes, realizados apenas com equipamentos importados e de custo elevado. Acreditamos que a facilidade do método proposto somado ao custo zero, são aspectos facilitadores que torna este trabalho uma boa contribuição na ampliação do leque de possibilidades para a inserção de Física Moderna no Ensino Médio, uma preocupação permanente na área de Ensino de Física.
THE IMPACT OF INTERMEDIATE INPUT PRICE CHANGES ON FOOD PRICES: AN ANALYSIS OF "FROM-THE-GROUND-UP" EFFECTS
Creators: name: Lee, Chinkook
name: Lee, Chinkook
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: food price
subject: input-output analysis
subject: intermediate input
subject: pass-through effects

description: The impact of intermediate input price increases on food prices is analyzed assuming the producers can pass through increased production costs to final consumers. Five scenarios of input price increases are empirically examined. Findings indicate that the meat processing sector has a strong dependence on intermediate inputs (livestock), and an increase in livestock prices would have a greater impact on processed meat prices than would any other intermediate input price increases. Price increases in the service sector would result in overall price increases in food prices comparable to increases in intermediate agricultural commodities. Further, price increases in nondurable goods have more influence on food price increases than durable goods.
Investigation of crackling noise in the vibration isolation systems of the KAGRA gravitational wave detector
Creators: name: Zhao, Yuhang
name: Kirii, Shin
name: Liu, Yingtao
name: Uchiyama, Takashi
name: Takahashi, Ryutaro
name: Kawamura, Seiji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational wave detectors, such as KAGRA, require complex mirror suspension systems to reach high sensitivity. One particular concern in these suspensions is the presence of crackling noise, where motion of the steel crystal structure disturbs material defects, causing impulse force release and exciting mirror motion. Crackling in the Geometric Anti Spring filters (GAS) in KAGRA's suspension system could introduce noise in the gravitational wave detection band. We investigate crackling noise in a miniature GAS with a low-frequency cyclical stress. We developed a scaling law between miniature and KAGRA GAS. Applying experimental results to the scaling law allows us to estimate the upper limit of crackling noise in KAGRA. It is found that crackling noise should be below the target sensitivity for gravitational waves above 60 Hz.
description: 24 pages, 11 figures
Economic Impacts of Pink Hibiscus Mealybug in Florida and the United States
Creators: name: Ranjan, Ram
name: Ranjan, Ram
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: This paper estimates the direct and indirect impacts of the Pink Hibiscus Mealybug infestation on the economies of Florida and the rest of the United States. The approach involves a Markov chain analysis wherein both short run and long run expected damages from infestation are calculated. Use is made of the CLIMEX model that predicts the potential pest-establishment regions in the US. While predictions based upon the CLIMEX model extend the scope of damages beyond Florida, the damages are dependent upon the rate of arrival and detection of species in those regions. Damages are significantly higher when a longer time horizon is considered. When nursery owners bear the full cost of quarantines in the form of loss of sales and treatment costs of infected plants, the cost-effectiveness of quarantines as a regulatory tool is diminished.
Far-Infrared and Millimeter Continuum Studies of K Giants: Alpha Boo and Alpha Tau
Creators: name: Cohen, Martin
name: Carbon, Duane F.
name: Welch, William J.
name: Lim, Tanya
name: Schulz, Bernhard
name: McMurry, A. D.
name: Forster, James R.
name: Goorvitch, David
name: .
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have imaged two normal, non-coronal, infrared-bright K giants, Alpha Tau and Alpha Boo, in the 1.4-mm and 2.8-mm continuum using the Berkeley Illinois Maryland Association millimeter array. These stars have been used as important absolute calibrators for several infrared infrared satellites. Our goals are: (1) to establish whether these stars radiate as simple photospheres or possess long-wavelength chromospheres; and (2) to make a connection between millimeter wave and far-infrared absolute flux calibrations. To accomplish these goals we also present Infrared Space Observatory Long Wavelength Spectrometer measurements of both these K giants. The far-infrared and millimeter continuum radiation is produced in the vicinity of the temperature minimum in Alpha Tau and Alpha Boo. We find that current photospheric models predict fluxes in reasonable agreement with those observed for wavelengths which sample the upper photosphere, namely <=125 microns in Alpha Tau and Alpha Boo. We clearly detect chromospheric radiation from both stars by 2.8mm (by 1.4mm in the case of Alpha Boo). Only additional observations can determine precisely where beyond 125 microns the purely radiative models fail. Until then, purely radiative models for these stars can only be used with confidence for calibration purposes below 125 microns.
description: 36 pages with 12 Postscript figures; AASTEX5. To be published in The Astronomical Journal
Urban Sprawl and Farmland Prices
Creators: name: Livanis, Grigorios T.
name: Moss, Charles B.
name: Breneman, Vincent E.
name: Nehring, Richard F.
name: Livanis, Grigorios T.
name: Moss, Charles B.
name: Breneman, Vincent E.
name: Nehring, Richard F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: hedonic determinants
subject: land prices
subject: spatial productivity
subject: urban sprawl

description: A theoretical model of farmland valuation is developed that allows urban sprawl to affect farmland values through the conversion of farmland to urban uses, shifts in production to higher-valued crops, and the speculative effect of urban pressure on farmland values. This model is estimated using county level data in the continental United States. Evidence is found for all three effects of urban sprawl on farmland values, with a significant contribution of urban pressure on net agricultural returns around major urban centers. Ancillary evidence supports that the latter effect is attributable to shifts to high-valued crops.
How Cool is C.O.O.L.?
Creators: name: Dinopoulos, Elias
name: Livanis, Grigorios T.
name: West, Carol Taylor
name: Dinopoulos, Elias
name: Livanis, Grigorios T.
name: West, Carol Taylor
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: country-of-origin labeling
subject: protection
subject: product safety
subject: welfare

description: This paper develops a partial equilibrium model of a small open-economy producing and trading an unsafe product that is supplied by perfectly competitive producers. The presence of product safety considerations, in this case risks to health, introduces a wedge between the market prices producers receive and the higher risk-adjusted prices consumers respond to. The size of the wedge depends positively on the per-unit cost of illness and the proportion of unsafe units embodied in the parent risky product. The model is used to analyze the welfare effects of trade with and without a country-of-origin labeling (COOL) program. Assuming imports are less safe than domestic production, the welfare gains from trade in the absence of COOL are ambiguous and may justify the imposition of a trade ban. Even if a full ban does not improve welfare, some restriction of trade is always welfare-enhancing. These outcomes derive from an informational distortion that prevents consumers from distinguishing the different country-specific risks embodied in the foreign and domestic products resulting in a pooling equilibrium. The presence of a COOL program removes the informational distortion and generates a welfare maximizing separating equilibrium in which the safer (domestic) product commands a higher market price. In the presence of a COOL program, more trade - caused by a reduction in protection - is better than less trade.
Environmental Restoration of Invaded Ecosystems: How Much Versus How Often?
Creators: name: Ranjan, Ram
name: Ranjan, Ram
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: environmental restoration
subject: resiliency
subject: restoration failure
subject: invasive species

description: This paper derives the optimal level of restorative efforts required to restore environments degraded by invasive species invasion. Specific attention is focused upon a case when the restoration efforts face the risk of failure through relapse of the restored environment. The level of restored environment may also play a role in its future improvement or susceptibility to failure. The tradeoff between the optimal level of environmental quality and number of restorative efforts required to attain that given environmental quality is analyzed.