cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
“Citizenship is what you are, what you do, and how you appear in Front of Other People in [the] Society you Live”: Lessons on Gendered Citizenship in a Tanzanian School
Creators: name: Ferrao, Stephanie
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2016
Subjects: Citizenship
Tanzania
Civics Education
Curriculum
Gender
Girls

description: This case study examines how civics education and forces of schooling shape Tanzanian girls’ perceptions of citizenship. Girls often experience multiple barriers, including gender discrimination, when participating as young citizens. Gender concepts have been incorporated into the Tanzanian civics curriculum to raise awareness of gender inequality and champion gender empowerment strategies. To understand the effects of these gender-focused curricular inclusions on conceptions of female citizenship, this study provides an analysis of the framing of citizenship within the civics curriculum and an examination of individual student perceptions of citizenship. Data was collected from interviews, public diaries, and curriculum documents and analyzed using a feminist conceptual framework. The results provide insight into youth and gendered modes of citizenship participation.
Sources of spoilage bacteria and emerging sanitisation technologies
Creators: name: Gardner, Mandy
name: Gupta, Tanu
Publisher: name: AgResearch
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 3002
subject: Agriculture, land and farm management

description: SummaryThe NZ dairy sector is vital to the economy, facing challenges from farm intensification, which affects microbial contamination in milk requiring improved quality management.Spoilage bacteria and their enzymes (proteases and lipases) pose significant risk to dairy products. Spores and enzymes can persist through current pasteurization processes.Emerging technologies such as far-UVC, blue LED light and cold plasma offer effective solutions for microbial inactivation, enzyme reduction and biofilm management, presenting environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional methods.Combining cold plasma with light technologies shows promise for enhanced disinfection, biofilm control and shelf-life extension. Potential on-farm and processing line applications.
The Effects of Environmental Enrichment and Impoverishment on an Animal Model of Depression and Anxiety: Brain, Behaviour and Immune Function
Creators: name: Mileva, Guergana
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2016
Subjects: Depression
WKY
Anxiety
Animal Models
Behaviour
Biomarkers
Environment

description: While women are diagnosed with depression at twice the rate of men, pre-clinical research on this topic has relied heavily on the responses of male animals. This thesis examined the behavioural and physiological effects of environmental manipulation in the female Wistar-Kyoto rat, a putative animal model of depression. At postnatal day 52, baseline behavioural measures were collected in 36 Wistar and 36 Wistar-Kyoto female rats using the following tests: the elevated plus maze to assess anxiety, the forced swim test for depression-like behaviour, and sucrose preference test to assess hedonic status. At postnatal day 62, the rats were randomly assigned to one of three environments for 30 days: 1) standard housing - 3 rats in one large cage 2) isolated housing - 1 rat per small cage, or 3) environmental enrichment - 6 animals in a multistory cage filled with novel objects and a running wheel. Following 30 days in their housing condition, the same behavioural measures were again collected. Large differences between strains were found with the Wistar-Kyoto females showing significantly less mobility and activity in both the forced swim test and elevated plus maze. Sucrose preference was significantly higher after enrichment in both strains. Post-environment immune cytokine and corticosterone levels were also assessed in these animals at baseline and after the forced swim test. No difference in corticosterone between strains was found at baseline. However, Wistar-Kyoto females had significantly higher corticosterone levels than their Wistar counterparts after the forced swim test. In contrast, Wistar-Kyoto females showed significantly lower serum levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β than Wistar females. In the hippocampus, astroglial staining intensity was significantly increased in the CA1 of Wistar females after environmental enrichment. Glucocorticoid receptor staining in the CA3 was also increased after environmental enrichment in both the Wistar-Kyoto and Wistar animals. Finally there was a trend towards higher levels of glucocorticoid receptors in the amygdala in Wistar-Kyoto animals who experienced environmental enrichment. Taken together, this thesis provides evidence for the effect of environment, specifically enrichment, on behaviour and physiological systems. These results suggest that incorporating social and physical enrichment as part of clinical intervention may benefit individuals with depression.
Thiatriazines: Building Blocks Towards Molecular Materials
Creators: name: Kleisath, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2016
Subjects: Thiatriazines
Molecular Materials
Alkylation
Arylation
Coordination

description: Post-functionalization of 3,5-bis(2-pyridyl)-4-hydro-1,2,4,6-thiatriazine (Py2TTAH) and its synthetic precursors have been explored through alkylation, arylation, and coordination. While alkylation was initially pursued at the central nitrogen atom of Py2TTAH, functionalization instead occurred on the sulfur atom. Consequently, the proclivity of the sulfur towards alkylation and arylation was studied. Neutral 3,5-bis(2-pyridyl)-S-methyl-1,2,4,6-thiatriazine (S-Me-Py2TTA) and 3,5-bis(2-pyridyl)-S-ethyl-1,2,4,6-thiatriazine were achieved via either anionic or cationic intermediates, and all isolable species were fully characterized. In addition, an aromatic derivative, 3,5-bis(2-pyridyl)-S-phenyl-1,2,4,6-thiatriazine was obtained through reactions using hypervalent iodide as an electrophile. Functionalization of Py2TTAH and S-Me-Py2TTA was also explored through coordination with iron. The synthesis and crystal structures of two different iron complexes are described. The incorporation of boron with Py2TTAH and its precursor, N-2-pyridylimidoyl-2-pyridylamidine was also considered. Both compounds afforded the same boratriazine ring. Overall, this thesis describes the groundwork for future functionalization of the Py2TTA framework, and its potential for molecular materials applications.
Additional file 1 of Antioxidant and antiapoptotic impacts of the land snail Helix aspersa extracts on aged male rats, Rattus norvegicus
Creators: name: Abdel-Azeem, Hoda H.
name: Mansour, Hend E. Abo
name: Mahfouz, Marwa M.
name: Negm, Walaa A.
name: Mahgoub, Sebaey
name: Ewies, Ghada S. A.
name: Nofal, Amany E.
name: Elberri, Aya I.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file2 (DOCX 460 KB)
Is It Any of Our Business? Canadian Perspectives on Transnational Corporate Accountability
Creators: name: Chen, Ashley Lai Ming
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2016
Subjects: criminology
Gramsci
corporate crime
international human rights
crimes of the powerful
hegemony
workplace safety
labour rights
critical discourse analysis
Bangladesh garment industry
corporate social responsibility

description: This study explores conceptualizations of transnational corporate accountability in the responses of Canadian organizations to a crisis in global capitalism. Empirically this study focuses on discussion and debate concerning the involvement of Canadian retail companies in the Rana Plaza disaster, which killed over 1,100 Bangladeshi garment workers on 24 April 2013. Information was drawn from Canadian Parliamentary Committee sessions, documents published by Canadian retail companies, governmental departments and civil society organizations, and nine semi-structured interviews with individuals possessing professional knowledge about corporate governance in global supply chains. A critical discourse analysis method, theoretically informed by the corporate crime literature, Gramsci’s concept of hegemony and Foucault’s notion of knowledge and power, examined the economic, political, and legal assumptions that characterized discussions about transnational corporate crime and accountability. Overall, dominant voices reinforced neoliberal beliefs about the effectiveness of allowing corporations to develop and implement their own means of transnational regulation. Claims describing the social benefits of free markets and flexible regulatory regimes overshadowed concerns about the dangerous and exploitive practices inherent in the production of private capital, which effectively reproduced the (de)regulation of multinational corporations.
The Politics of Cosmopolitanism in Contemporary Spanish American Literature: Elena Poniatowska, Mario Vargas Llosa, and Jorge Volpi Within a Disputed Tradition
Creators: name: Bilodeau, Annik
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2016
Subjects: Cosmopolitanism
Nationalism
Cosmopolitan Reading
Contemporary Latin American Literature
Latin American Literary History
Elena Poniatowska
La "Flor de Lis"
Mario Vargas Llosa
El Paraíso en la otra esquina
Flora Tristan
Paul Gauguin
El sueño del celta
Roger Casement
Jorge Volpi
El fin de la locura
No será la Tierra
Walter Mignolo
Anthony Kwame Appiah
Rooted Cosmopolitanism
Peru
Mexico
Latin America

description: This dissertation asserts that the tortuous relationship Spanish American literature had with cosmopolitanism since the Wars of Independence reached a turning point towards the end of the second half of the twentieth century. While the literary production of the nineteenth and most of the twentieth century was centred on the Spanish American nation and the continent, contemporary literature has become increasingly deterritorialized, and has begun to present narrative worlds and discuss issues that transcend this circumscribed universe. The discerning of this articulation of global issues in contemporary literature – which I contend is predicated on the concept of cosmopolitanism – is the primary objective of this investigation. The five novels examined here are Elena Poniatowska’s La “Flor de Lis” (1988), Mario Vargas Llosa’s El Paraíso en la otra esquina (2003) and El sueño del celta (2010), and Jorge Volpi’s El fin de la locura (2003) and No será la Tierra (2006). This study aims to describe and assess an evolving perspective on the treatment of cosmopolitanism in Spanish America. I trace the shift from the previous generations’ main preoccupation with aesthetic cosmopolitanism, which sought to engage Latin American literary discourse with the Western canon, to what I identify as the current political implication of the concept. To this end, I show that whereas mid-twentieth century authors displaced cosmopolitanism in favour of more politically expedient concepts, authors now plot it in their novels as a means of discussing issues of identity and citizenship in an increasingly globalized world.
The Design, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of Heat and Silver Crosslinked Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Hydrogel Forming Dressings Containing Silver Nanoparticles
Creators: name: Jackson, John
name: Burt, Helen Mary, 1954-
name: Lange, Dirk (Microbiologist)
name: Whang, In
name: Evans, Robin
name: Plackett, D. V. (David V.)
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2021

description: The prompt treatment of burn wounds is essential but can be challenging in remote parts of Africa, where burns from open fires are a constant hazard for children and suitable medical care may be far away. Consequently, there is an unmet need for an economical burn wound dressing with a sustained antimicrobial activity that might be manufactured locally at low cost. This study describes and characterizes the novel preparation of a silver nitrate-loaded/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) film. Using controlled heating cycles, films may be crosslinked with in situ silver nanoparticle production using only a low heat oven and little technical expertise. Our research demonstrated that heat-curing of PVA/silver nitrate films converted the silver to nanoparticles. These films swelled in water to form a robust, wound-compatible hydrogel which exhibited controlled release of the antibacterial silver nanoparticles. An optimal formulation was obtained using 5% (w/w) silver nitrate in PVA membrane films that had been heated at 140 °C for 90 min. Physical and chemical characterization of such films was complemented by in vitro studies that confirmed the effective antibacterial activity of the released silver nanoparticles against both gram positive and negative bacteria. Overall, these findings provide economical and simple methods to manufacture stable, hydrogel forming wound dressings that release antibiotic silver over prolonged periods suitable for emergency use in remote locations.
Additional file 2 of Antioxidant and antiapoptotic impacts of the land snail Helix aspersa extracts on aged male rats, Rattus norvegicus
Creators: name: Abdel-Azeem, Hoda H.
name: Mansour, Hend E. Abo
name: Mahfouz, Marwa M.
name: Negm, Walaa A.
name: Mahgoub, Sebaey
name: Ewies, Ghada S. A.
name: Nofal, Amany E.
name: Elberri, Aya I.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file1 (DOCX 2405 KB)
Development of a Framework to Describe the Association Between Hypothetical and Real-World Decisions: A Systematic Concept Review and Cognitive Interviews with Decision Aid Developers
Creators: name: Hayes, Tavis
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2016
Subjects: Decision making
Hypothetical
Simulated
Proxy
Framework
Real
Reasoning
Health Services

description: Despite recommendations, health services interventions often lack mechanistic evidence. One way of acquiring such evidence is through the use of hypothetical settings. However, there are knowledge gaps about the factors that affect whether hypothetical decisions will correlate to real-world ones. This thesis involves a systematic concept review to identify the factors important to the hypothetical-real-world decision relationship and a case study of the relevance of these factors to the decision aid development context. The 42 identified factors were grouped into 5 categories: Personal Characteristics, Presentation Characteristics, Cognitive Factors, Motivation, and Participant Characteristics. Through cognitive interviews with decision aid developers we found that the interviewees had generally not considered many of the factors thought to affect the external validity of hypothetical data. This thesis contributes a framework that highlights factors for investigators to consider when designing studies in hypothetical settings and that can serve as a foundation for future research.
A Field and Petrological Study of Oxide-Facies Algoma-Type Banded Iron Formation, Sherman Mine, Temagami
Creators: name: Ginley, Stephen
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2016
Subjects: BIF
Paragenesis

description: Banded iron formation (BIF) is the most commonly mined source of iron ore, but the details of its genesis are poorly defined. Algoma-Type BIF is a predominantly chemical sedimentary rock comprising iron-rich phases (hematite, magnetite, chlorite) and chert as distinct laminae associated with deep marine lithologies, especially volcanic rocks and black shales. The iron minerals are thought to be direct chemical precipitates from Fe-enriched bottom waters or formation waters, most probably related to proximal volcanic activity. Key questions examined in this study are the paragenetic relationships and origins of mineralogically distinct layers in the Temagami BIF and the possible mechanism of replacement of primary hematitic layers by magnetite. The latter is a fundamental process in generating ore-grade BIF. The mineralogical and geochemical fingerprints of the different components of the BIF are also examined as clues to their likely sources (i.e., from upflowing hydrothermal fluids, contemporaneous volcaniclastic material, or precipitation from the local bottom water). Field observations indicate three separate depositional horizons for BIF in the area and exclude previous suggestions of fold repetition. Documented relationships between different types of layers and different facies of BIF in outcrop and in samples of the ore material, including petrographic features and aspects of the mineral chemistry and whole rock geochemistry, were used to construct a detailed paragenesis of the Temagami BIF. Two paragenetically distinct types of hematite and three types of magnetite are distinguished by different habits, grain size, cross-cutting relationships and growth features. Whole rock geochemical data confirm that the different facies of BIF were mainly products of redox-driven precipitation, combined with local hydrothermal and clastic input.
Libraries turn a digital page
Creators: name: Whitehead, Derek
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: A collection of handwritten books helped create one of the world's first libraries, the great Library of Alexandria, which was accidentally burned down by Julius Caesar in 48 BC. Yet it was technology---the invention of the printing press in 1439---that led to an explosion of books (not to mention pamphlets, magazines, journals and other printed works) and of libraries. Grand libraries were built in the 19th and 20th centuries, culminating in the grandest of all, the US Library of Congress, which houses 32 million books and other printed works. Today, technology is also revolutionising reading material, and with that libraries. Books now comprise a small proportion of what we read---for Swinburne's library, books are less than 25 per cent of what readers use; the rest is almost entirely digital and online content. Professor John Tarrant, secretary-general of the Association of Commonwealth Universities, has said: “The coming of the information technology revolution … has changed the role of libraries just as radically as did the mechanical printing press.” It therefore raises the question, 'Can the library make a second radical change in its role---this time from print to digital?'
Evolutionary Game Theory and the Spread of Influenza
Creators: name: Beauparlant, Marc A.
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Ordinary differential equations
subject: Game theory
subject: Evolutionary game theory
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Disease modelling
subject: Epidemiology
subject: Influenza
subject: Vaccination behaviour

description: Vaccination has been used to control the spread of infectious diseases for centuries with widespread success. Deterministic models studying the spread of infectious disease often use the assumption of mass vaccination; however, these models do not allow for the inclusion of human behaviour. Since current vaccination campaigns are voluntary in nature, it is important to extend the study of infectious disease models to include the effects of human behaviour. To model the effects of vaccination behaviour on the spread of influenza, we examine a series of models in which individuals vaccinate according to memory or individual decision-making processes based upon self-interest. Allowing individuals to vaccinate proportionally to an exponentially decaying memory function of disease prevalence, we demonstrate the existence of a Hopf bifurcation for short memory spans. Using a game-theoretic influenza model, we determine that lowering the perceived vaccine risk may be insufficient to increase coverage to established target levels. Utilizing evolutionary game theory, we examine models with imitation dynamics both with and without a decaying memory function and show that, under certain conditions, periodic dynamics occur without seasonal forcing. Our results suggest that maintaining diseases at low prevalence with voluntary vaccination campaigns could lead to subsequent epidemics following the free-rider dilemma and that future research in disease control reliant on individual-based decision-making need to include the effects of human behaviour.
Evaluating Multi-level Risk Factors for Malaria and Arboviral Infections in Regions of Tanzania
Creators: name: Homenauth, Esha
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2016
Subjects: Malaria
Risk Factors
Principal Component Analysis
Multilevel Modelling

description: Vector-borne diseases, such as those transmitted by mosquitoes, pose a significant public health concern in many countries worldwide. In this thesis, I explored the role of a number of risk factors defined at multiple scales on vector-borne disease prevalence, focusing on malaria and arboviral infections in several regions of North-Eastern Tanzania, with the principal aim of improving the overall diagnosis of febrile illness in this region. First, I investigated the influence of household-wealth on prevalence of malaria and arboviral infections using principal component analysis (PCA), and then described the methodological challenges associated with this statistical technique when used to compute indices from smaller datasets. I then employed a multilevel modelling approach to simultaneously incorporate household-level anthropogenic factors and village-level environmental characteristics to investigate key determinants of Anopheles malaria vector density among rural households. These analyses provided methodologically rigorous approaches to studying vector-borne diseases at a very fine-scale and also have significant public health relevance as the research findings can assist in guiding policy decisions regarding surveillance efforts as well as inform where and when to prioritize interventions.
Regulation of Glucose Uptake and Transporter Expression in the North Pacific Spiny Dogfish (Squalus suckleyi)
Creators: name: Deck, Courtney
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2016
Subjects: dogfish
glucose transporter

description: Elasmobranchs (sharks, skates, and rays) are a primarily carnivorous group of vertebrates that consume very few carbohydrates and have little reliance on glucose as an oxidative fuel, the one exception being the rectal gland. This has led to a dearth of information on glucose transport and metabolism in these fish, as well as the presumption of glucose intolerance. Given their location on the evolutionary tree however, understanding these aspects of their physiology could provide valuable insights into the evolution of glucose homeostasis in vertebrates. In this thesis, the presence of glucose transporters in an elasmobranch was determined and factors regulating their expression were investigated in the North Pacific spiny dogfish (Squalus suckleyi). In particular, the presence of a putative GLUT4 transporter, which was previously thought to have been lost in these fish, was established and its mRNA levels were shown to be upregulated by feeding (intestine, liver, and muscle), glucose injections (liver and muscle), and insulin injections (muscle). These findings, along with that of increases in muscle glycogen synthase mRNA levels and muscle and liver glycogen content, indicate a potentially conserved mechanism for glucose homeostasis in vertebrates, and argue against glucose intolerance in elasmobranchs. In contrast to the other tissues examined, there was a decrease in glut4 mRNA levels within the rectal gland in response to natural feeding, a factor known to activate the gland, suggesting mRNA storage for rapid protein synthesis upon activation. A similar trend was also shown for sglt1 in the rectal gland, and the ability of GLUT and SGLT inhibitors to prevent chloride secretion solidified the importance of glucose uptake for gland function. The exogenous factor of salinity was also investigated and high levels of glut mRNA were observed within the rectal glands of low salinity-acclimated fish relative to control and high salinity fish, reiterating the idea of mRNA storage when the gland is expected to be inactive. Taken together, the results of this thesis demonstrate that glucose is an important fuel in the dogfish (and likely other elasmobranchs) and that the dogfish is fully capable of regulating its storage and circulation, contrary to prior beliefs.
Anisotropic Residual-Based Mesh Adaptation for Reaction-Diffusion Systems: Applications to Cardiac Electrophysiology
Creators: name: Boey, Edward
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2016
Subjects: mesh adaptation
reaction-diffusion
cardiac elecrophysiology
finite element method
monodomain model

description: Accurate numerical simulation of reaction-diffusion systems can come with a high cost. A system may be stiff, and solutions may exhibit sharp localized features that require fine grids and small time steps to properly resolve the physical phenomena they represent. The development of efficient methods is crucial to cut down the demands of computational resources. In this thesis we consider the use of adaptive space and time methods driven by a posteriori error estimation. The error estimators for the spatial discretization are built from a variety of sources: the residual of the partial differential equation (PDE) system, gradient recovery operators and interpolation estimates. The interpolation estimates are anisotropic, not relying on classical mesh regularity assumptions. The adapted mesh is therefore allowed to include elements elongated in specified directions, as dictated by the type of solution being approximated. This thesis proposes an element-based adaptation method to be used for a residual estimator. This method avoids the usual conversion of the estimator to a metric, and instead applies the estimator to directly control the local mesh modifications. We derive a new error estimator for the L^2-norm in the same anisotropic setting and adjust the element-based adaptation algorithm to the new estimator. This thesis considers two new adaptive finite element settings for reaction-diffusion problems. The first is the extension to a PDE setting of an estimator for the time discretization with the backward difference formula of order 2 (BDF2), based on an estimator for ordinary differential equation (ODE) problems. Coupled with the residual estimator, we apply a space-time adaptation method. The second is the derivation of anisotropic error estimates for the monodomain model from cardiac electrophysiology. This model couples a nonlinear parabolic PDE with an ODE and this setting presents challenges theoretically as well as numerically. In addition to theoretical considerations, numerical tests are performed throughout to assess the reliability and efficiency of the proposed error estimators and numerical methods.
Gender Performativity in Nursing; Men, Power and the Construction of the Ideal Nurse
Creators: name: Le Blanc, Barbara
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2016
Subjects: nursing
education
male/men
gender
performativity
power

description: This study explores the pedagogical experience of male nursing students. Research questions explored male students being subjected to feminine gender performance expectations, and an inequitable exercise of power and discipline and the relation of high attrition rates of male nursing students to feminine gender performativity expectations. The framework utilized included Butler's theory of gender performativity, Foucault's concepts of power and discipline and Queer theory. A Van Manen phenomenological method was utilized, with interviews of 20 current and past male and female students. Analysis of the data revealed that male students identified a need to perform in a feminine gendered manner, felt isolated and excluded in academic and clinical settings and perceived that they were subject to stricter surveillance and expectations. The discussion identified three key concepts; constructing the ideal, enforcing the ideal and surviving the ideal. Understanding the male student experience can help nurses in clinical and educational settings become more inclusive and create safer educational environments. Future research is needed to examine experiences of marginalized groups and develop interventions to assist students in navigating the education experience.
Understanding and Characterizing Excited State Electron Transfers in Catalysis and Nanomaterial Synthesis
Creators: name: McTiernan, Christopher Darrell
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2016

description: Over the past decade, there has been an ever-increasing interest in photochemical redox processes as a tool in organic syntheses. While the underlying mechanism of many of these transformations involves free radicals, the complex product mixtures and poor selectivity that are traditionally associated with these types of reaction can be in most cases avoided. In fact there are numerous examples of photoredox catalysis, which demonstrate that under well-selected conditions it is possible to obtain relatively clean products in high yields. Furthermore, photo-mediated reactions can typically be performed under milder conditions than thermal reactions, as the energy is supplied by light and heating is not required. Despite recent advancements in the field, many of the new discoveries are accomplished using relatively expensive transition metal complexes of Ru and Ir as photocatalyst and tend to lack in-depth investigations into the corresponding excited-state kinetics or underlying mechanism of these transformations. While there are excellent reasons for employing polypyridyl Ru and Ir catalysts, such as strong visible light absorption, high photostability, and well known and documented excited state lifetimes and redox potentials; one of the aims of this thesis is to demonstrate that in many cases these Ru and Ir photocatalysts can be replaced with cheaper and in some cases metal-free and heterogeneous alternatives. Herein, one will find examples of the use of the organic semiconductor, α-sexithiophene, as photocatalyst in the reductive dehalogenation of vicinal-dibromides and the singlet oxygen mediated oxidation of amines to their corresponding imines. We have also demonstrated that the inorganic semiconductor P25 TiO2 can be used as an efficient heterogeneous photocatalyst for a variety of reductive transformations and that it is possible to employ it as photocatalyst under dual-photoredox/Ni catalysis conditions to perform the decarboxylative cross-coupling of carboxylic acids with aryl iodides. In addition to this, the usefulness of kinetic analysis in improving and better understanding these transformations as well as the development of tools to characterize chain processes in these reactions are covered. Lastly, we also explore the role of excited state electron transfer from the triplet of benzophenone in the synthesis of colloidal gold nanoparticles. Overall, the content of this thesis describes the development and improvement of several photoredox systems through either rational design, the development of new characterization tools, and in-depth kinetic and mechanistic analysis.
The Roles of the Na+/K+-ATPase, NKCC, and K+ Channels in the Regulation Local Sweating and Cutaneous Blood Flow During Exercise in Humans in vivo
Creators: name: Louie, Jeffrey
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2016
Subjects: Na+/K+-ATPase
NKCC
K+ channels
heat loss
exercise
sweating
cutaneous vasodilation

description: Na+/K+-ATPase has been shown to regulate the sweating and cutaneous vascular responses during exercise; however, similar studies have not been conducted to assess the roles of the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter (NKCC) and K+ channels. Additionally, it remains to be determined if these mechanisms underpinning the heat loss responses differ with exercise intensity. Eleven young (24±4 years) males performed three 30-min semi-recumbent cycling bouts at low (30% VO2peak), moderate (50% VO2peak), and high (70% VO2peak) intensity exercise, respectively, each separated by 20-min recovery periods. Using intradermal microdialysis, four forearm skin sites were continuously perfused with either: 1) lactated Ringer solution (Control), 2) 6 mᴍ ouabain (Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor), 3) 10 mᴍ bumetanide (NKCC inhibitor), or 4) 50 mᴍ BaCl2 (non-specific K+ channel inhibitor); sites at which we assessed local sweat rate (LSR) and cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC). Inhibition of Na+/K+-ATPase attenuated LSR compared to Control during the moderate and high intensity exercise bouts (both P˂0.01), whereas attenuations with NKCC and K+ channel inhibition were only apparent during the high intensity exercise bout (both P≤0.05). Na+/K+-ATPase inhibition augmented CVC during all exercise intensities (all P˂0.01), whereas CVC was greater with NKCC inhibition during the low intensity exercise only (P˂0.01) and attenuated with K+ channel inhibition during the moderate and high intensity exercise conditions (both P˂0.01). We show that Na+/K+-ATPase, NKCC and K+ channels all contribute to the regulation of sweating and cutaneous blood flow but their influence is dependent on the intensity of exercise.
Des vallées nous traversent suivi de Métapoésie et métamorphoses du poème
Creators: name: Thérien, Michel
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2016
Subjects: Métapoésie

description: Les poètes ont d’abord réfléchi sur la poésie dans des arts poétiques. Puis les contraintes du genre et l’évolution de la poésie ont fait que de nombreux poètes modernes ont choisi de parler de leur poésie dans des textes en prose. Enfin, d’autres poètes ont fait de la poésie le sujet même de leurs poèmes : il s’agit alors de métapoésie. Dans une première partie, intitulée « Quand les poètes parlent de poésie », je retrace brièvement l’évolution qui conduit des arts poétiques à ce que l’on a appelé la métapoésie et j’analyse des textes représentatifs de ces deux orientations. La deuxième partie de ma thèse correspond à mon recueil, intitulé « Des vallées nous traversent ». Contrairement aux recueils que j’ai publiés jusqu’ici et où seuls quelques poèmes sont métapoétiques, tous les poèmes du recueil produit dans le cadre de ma thèse constituent une réflexion sur la poésie. Dans la troisième et dernière partie de ma thèse, intitulée « Métapoésie et métamorphoses du poème », j’analyse la structure de mon recueil et ses métapoèmes en cherchant en particulier à dévoiler dans quelle mesure faire de la poésie le thème central d’un poème peut influencer celui-ci, autrement dit comment la métapoésie est susceptible de métamorphoser en quelque sorte le poème. Ainsi, j’examine notamment, lorsque la charge métapoétique est explicite, quels sont les mots qui sont mobilisés pour ancrer la poésie dans le poème et, quand la métapoésie est au contraire présente de façon implicite seulement, je détermine les principaux champs lexicaux correspondant à des réalités concrètes et sur lesquels se greffent les métaphores de la métapoésie.
On Applying Methods for Graph-TSP to Metric TSP
Creators: name: Desjardins, Nicholas
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2016
Subjects: travelling salesman problem
integrality gap
T-joins
approximation algorithm
heuristic
metric travelling
salesman problem

description: The Metric Travelling Salesman Problem, henceforth metric TSP, is a fundamental problem in combinatorial optimization which consists of finding a minimum cost Hamiltonian cycle (also called a TSP tour) in a weighted complete graph in which the costs are metric. Metric TSP is known to belong to a class of problems called NP-hard even in the special case of graph-TSP, where the metric costs are based on a given graph. Thus, it is highly unlikely that efficient methods exist for solving large instances of these problems exactly. In this thesis, we develop a new heuristic for metric TSP based on extending ideas successfully used by Mömke and Svensson for the special case of graph-TSP to the more general case of metric TSP. We demonstrate the efficiency and usefulness of our heuristic through empirical testing. Additionally, we turn our attention to graph-TSP. For this special case of metric TSP, there has been much recent progress with regards to improvements on the cost of the solutions. We find the exact value of the ratio between the cost of the optimal TSP tour and the cost of the optimal subtour linear programming relaxation for small instances of graph-TSP, which was previously unknown. We also provide a simplified algorithm for special graph-TSP instances based on the subtour linear programming relaxation.
Exploring Nurses' Knowledge and Experiences Related to Trauma-Informed Care
Creators: name: Stokes, Yehudis
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2016
Subjects: nursing
trauma
mixed-methods
TIC

description: Background: Recognition of the significance of psychological trauma and its impact on individuals, families, communities, and society at large has greatly expanded over the past 20 years, calling for the need to develop both trauma-sensitive and trauma–responsive services. Nurses, as direct care providers who work within a holistic perspective, are positioned to play an integral role in the advancement of ‘trauma-informed care’ within healthcare services. Objectives: The specific objectives of this thesis were: a) to describe the use of social media (Facebook and LinkedIn) in the recruitment of Registered Nurses for an online survey, and b) to explore and describe the understandings and experiences related to trauma and trauma-informed care among nurses that scored the highest on this scale. Method: This was a two-phase study design using mixed methods. Phase One consisted of an online quantitative self-report survey. Participants were recruited via social media with the aim of examining nurses’ attitudes related to trauma-informed care. Phase Two consisted of a qualitative study exploring nurses’ knowledge and experiences related to trauma-informed care. The studies were conducted using a sequential approach; that is, the target sample for Phase Two (qualitative study) was identified based on the results of the survey (Phase One). Findings: From the first phase of this research, I proposed that social media, and specifically Facebook and LinkedIn, offer suitable platforms for recruiting a diverse sample of Registered Nurses to complete an online survey. Associated advantages and challenges as well as specific differences between Facebook and LinkedIn as recruitment platforms should be considered when incorporating these strategies. Four main categories emerged from the second phase of the research: “(Not)Knowing Trauma-Informed Care”, “Conceptualizing Trauma and Trauma- Informed Care”, “Nursing Care in the Context of Trauma”, and “Dynamics of the Nurse-Patient Relationship in the Face of Trauma”. These findings highlight important considerations for trauma including, the complex dynamics of trauma that affect care, the importance of both knowing trauma as a concept, but also knowing how to act in response to trauma knowledge, the need to facilitate trauma-informed care beyond mental healthcare, and the parallels between nursing and trauma-informed care. Conclusion: This Master’s thesis has explored the use of a novel survey recruitment strategy as well as emphasized the need for nurses and organizations to incorporate trauma-informed principles in the services they provide, and in their cultures as a whole. This research reinforces that the discipline of nursing is aptly situated to apply tenets of trauma-informed care and that we must further the progression of trauma-informed care in practice, policy, education, and research.
Exploration des relations entre la consommation d'alcool et la pratique du hockey sur glace au niveau junior
Creators: name: Roy, Jonathan
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2016
Subjects: alcool
hockey sur glace
consommation excessive
non-consommation

description: Utilisant le protocole de l’étude de cas, l’objectif de cette thèse de maîtrise était d’explorer les relations entre la consommation d'alcool et la pratique du hockey sur glace au niveau junior. Le cas à l’étude était une équipe canadienne de hockey sur glace junior et le chercheur a suivi l’équipe pendant une saison complète. Des entrevues semi-structurées ont été réalisées à trois différents moments (début, milieu et fin de la saison) avec cinq participants (deux entraîneurs et trois joueurs). Des observations ont aussi été recueillies tout au long de la saison (camp d’entraînement, parties de saison régulière, tournoi extérieur, séries éliminatoires et tournoi local) alors que le chercheur avait un accès complet à l’environnement de l’équipe. Les résultats ont démontré que la socialisation à l’alcool commençait à un très jeune âge dans le contexte du hockey et que l’environnement physique (e.g., vente d’alcool à l’aréna) facilitait la consommation d’alcool. Les résultats ont aussi révélé l’existence de deux types de consommation, soit la consommation planifiée (e.g., tournois extérieurs, campagnes de financement) et la consommation non-planifiée (e.g., après une victoire importante) durant lesquels les rituels de consommation se manifestaient. Finalement, les résultats ont exposé comment des contradictions s’exerçaient entre le respect et la moquerie en ce qui a trait au choix de ne pas consommer d’alcool chez certains membres de l’équipe.
A Phenomenological Exploration of Joy during Zumba Exercise: Form, Feeling, and Flow(s) of E-motion
Creators: name: Glynn, Brittany A.
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2016
Subjects: Emotion
Phenomenology
Joy
Zumba Exercise
Flow

description: The purpose of this doctoral dissertation was to explore the experiences of joy during Zumba exercise. A hermeneutic phenomenological methodology was employed to explore the essential structures or essence(s) of joy. Seven long-term Zumba patrons (one male, six females) participated in this study. Each participant engaged in three phenomenological interviews, observation by the principal investigator, and were invited to keep a journal of their Zumba experiences throughout the duration of the five-month study. One final focus group was conducted at the end of the individual interviews, which four participants attended. In addition, the principal investigator oriented to the phenomenon of joy in Zumba firsthand by experiencing weekly Zumba exercise classes for the period of one year. Three articles were constructed to present the findings from this research. The first article explores the visible, bodily forms and kinaesthetic feelings during Zumba exercise. Phenomenological analysis resulted in exploring joy through stomping, bouncing, and swaying experiences of e-motion. The second article explores somatic flow through an existential connection of body-other-world. Phenomenological analysis resulted in exploring somatic flow through rhythmical and effervescent connections via motions, gestures, postures, and felt connection. Finally, the third article explores the researcher’s bodily experiences while engaging in the phenomenological research process. Three experiential accounts are explored in this inquiry, including: participating in a Zumba exercise class; engaging in a phenomenological interview; and the process of writing and re-writing the experiences of joy. This doctoral research thus offers opportunities to sense and understand joy as a motile phenomenon during Zumba exercise classes and brings attention to the various ways joy may look, feel, and flow through felt connections of e-motion.
Frege on Ideal Language, Multiple Analyses, and Identity
Creators: name: Hashemi Shahroudi, Olya
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2016
Subjects: Frege
Identity
Multiple Analyses
Ideal Language

description: Abstract My thesis is partly historical and partly critical. First, I will lay down a brief overview of Frege’s semantics and ontology based on his major works such as Begriffsschrift, “On Sense and Reference”, “On Concept and Object”, “Thought” and so on. The goal of this part of my research is to get a clear picture of Frege’s system and see what features of it are arbitrary and in those cases what other options exist. Next, I will use the secondary literature to find out how other scholars have interpreted Frege. I intend to use some modern logical tools such as lambda calculus in order to analyze Frege’s views more perspicuously. Then I will draw my conclusions about his ontology and semantics. Frege seems to have believed that we approach the world via thought, but have no access to thought except via language. Hence, his enquiry into the nature of the world was conducted via enquiries into the nature of language. However, he knew that natural language sometimes muddles thought, so he tried to create an artificial formula language that would be able to capture the logical structure of the world itself as it is reflected in thought, better than any natural language. I will discuss the importance and the role of an ideal language in science, and will try to determine from Frege's scattered remarks what characteristics he thinks such a language must have. I will then consider Frege's own formalized language, as first presented in the 1879 Begriffsschrift and as further developed in his later writings. I will then discuss Frege’s semantics, focussing mainly on his theory of multiple analyses and his notion of thought and conceptual content. Finally, I will provide a detailed study of Frege’s theories of identity, in Begriffsschrift and “On Sense and Reference”, that were critical in the development of his semantics and ontology.
Evaluating the Performance of Denitrifying Bioreactors for Removal of Agricultural Nitrate from Tile-Drainage Effluent
Creators: name: Flemming, Corey
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2016
Subjects: Tile Drainage
Nitrate
Denitrification
Agriculture

description: The application of nitrogen (N) fertilizers and manure to agricultural soil is essential for crop production, but has in turn introduced environmental impacts including: eutrophication, contamination of groundwater, freshwater acidification, and an increase in greenhouse gas emissions. The movement of nitrogen was observed following liquid swine manure applications at six fields in Winchester, ON employing controlled tile drainage and denitrifying bioreactors. The manure was mainly in the form of ammonium during application where it was transformed to other N species including nitrate and nitrous oxide (N2O) by microbial activity in soil. Large soil N2O fluxes occurred in fields throughout 2012 and 2013, and total N of soil in the fields was enriched in 15N, indicating denitrification. Soil nitrate was also leached and collected by drainage tiles, and a portion of the tile water was treated by denitrifying bioreactors. Previous studies have demonstrated that denitrification of nitrate in bioreactors elicits the production of N2O, which is emitted from the overlying soil surface and/or is released as dissolved N2O in tile effluent. In this study, it is found that a decrease in nitrate was associated with decreasing levels of nitrous oxide during a rain event, and no significant N2O flux was recorded above bioreactors throughout either year. The δ15N and δ18O signatures of nitrate did not change significantly following bioreactor treatment and did not exhibit the 15N and 18O enrichment that is characteristic of denitrification. The data demonstrates that the decrease in nitrate through the bioreactors was due to dilution, likely from the accumulation of rainfall in reactor beds employing controlled tile drainage. Further work is needed to examine the conditions under which dilution may occur in place of denitrification.