Exercise in people with Parkinson's disease: scoping review
Creators: name: PADILHA, CRISTIANO
name: Junior, Sinval
name: de Sá, Clodoaldo
name: Souza, Renan
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences

description: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex, chronic, progressive and debilitating neurodegenerative disease that develops slowly and irreversibly (EMAMZADEH, 2018; MULVANEY, 2018; PROTTER et al., 2012). It is characterized as a movement disorder with three main signs: tremor, stiffness and bradykinesia, and postural instability may appear in some patients as the disease progresses (CABREIRA, 2019). The loss of dopamine in the brain is recognized as the cause of motor disability in people with PD (FERRAZ, 2004). However, its etiology is not yet fully known, being associated with genetic factors in 5 to 10% of cases, and with environmental factors in other cases (TYSNES, 2017). PD is a neurodegenerative disease with prevalence affecting 1 to 2% of the world population at any age. Its incidence and prevalence increase with age, affecting up to 3% of the population over 55 years (TUON, 2014). In Brazil, it is estimated that approximately 300 thousand people are affected by this neurological disorder (SILVA, 2019). The practice of physical activities is represented by any body movement produced by the contraction of skeletal muscle that increases energy expenditure above the baseline level. As to the concept of exercise, it has been defined as "planned, structured, repetitive and objectives, to improve one or more components of physical fitness for health" (CASPERSEN, 1985). Physical exercises have positive effects on human health, especially when based on scientific evidence, overcoming the risks in adults (GARBER, 2011). Physical exercise reduces blood pressure (CEZAR, 2016), prevents and treats diabetes (COLBERG et al., 2016), improves the lipoprotein profile, increases insulin sensitivity, helps with weight control (CIOLAC, GUIMARÃES, 2004), prevents and improves mild conditions of depressive disorders , anxiety, dyspnea and quality of life (LIN, 2019), improve physical fitness, cognitive functioning and body-mind connection (ROJO et al. 2020; SONG; YU, 2019) and produce neurogenesis biomarkers and neuroprotection (MARINUS et al., 2019). According to Rubert (2007), we can believe that the regular practice of physical exercises, mainly aerobic, is beneficial for patients with PD, since it reduces symptoms such as hypokinesia, bradykinesia, gait disorders, neuronal degeneration, being recognized as an auxiliary means of therapies. traditional medicines. In people with Parkinson's disease, mild to moderate, physical training improves the cognitive and automatic components of motor control through neuroplasticity (PETZINGER, 2013). Positive benefits and effects are proven for physical health and body systems, as in the Central Nervous System (CNS) in rodents and in humans (CASTRO, 2017). Saredakisa et al. (2019) conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis studying the reversion of mild dementia (MCI) and dementia (D) to normal levels of cognition. The results showed that cognitive decline is rapid in PD, requiring early diagnosis and interventions. The interventions were carried out through cognitive training and physical exercises, significant results were found in improving attention and working memory in PD, enhancing its results when the intervention starts before the diagnosis of dementia. In view of the findings, it is necessary to map and synthesize data and information to better understand the production of research on physical exercise in people with Parkinson's.