Craugastor rubinus Jameson &amp; Streicher &amp; Manuelli &amp; Head &amp; Smith 2022, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Jameson, Tom J. M.
name: Streicher, Jeffrey W.
name: Manuelli, Luigi
name: Head, Jason J.
name: Smith, Eric N.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Amphibia
Anura
Craugastoridae
Craugastor
Craugastor rubinus

description: <i>Craugastor <i>rubinus</i> sp. nov.</i> <b>Holotype.</b> — UTA A-62345 (field ID: JAC 30720; Fig. 34A), male collected by J.W. Streicher, C.L. Cox, C.M. Sheehy, III, R.U. Tovar, and M.J. Ingrasci on the road between Talpa de Allende and El Cuale, Jalisco, Mexico, 20.377078N, 105.047938W, 1771 m, 8 July 2009. <b>Paratypes (2).</b> — UTA A- 62347 (Fig. 34 C) and MZFC-HE-35616 (formerly UTA A- 62346; Fig. 34 B), same collection data as holotype. <b>Diagnosis.</b> —A species of <i>Craugastor</i> distinguished by the following combination of characters: (1) small adult size; (2) reduced ossification of the skeleton in adults relative to other members of series, lacking ossification of any skeletal elements beyond Stage 2 (Table 3); (3) presence of posterolateral projection of frontoparietal; (4) absence of vomerine odontophores; (5) presence of raised tubercles on eyelids; (6) supratympanic fold absent or poorly developed; (7) face flank barred, with snout–nostril–canthal–supratympanic stripe, sometimes broken canthaly and postocularly; (8) one postrictal tubercle; (9) gular region with pale spotting; (10) dorsal surface blotched or unicolored pale; diffuse interorbital bar, small suprascapular spots, sometimes two dark rump spots; (11) middorsal ridge present; (12) dorsum smooth with no tubercles; (13) body flank dark supratympanic stripe extending toward lower midflank, broken, paler toward groin, smooth to finely shagreened; (14) inguinal glands present and axillary glands absent in adults; (15) when leg adpressed to body, heel reaches nostril; (16) outer tarsal ridge with 0–4 extremely small, flat, and round tubercles, no raised fringe; (17) finger and toe pads round, finger tips not or just barely expanded, toe tips slightly lanceolate and barely expanded; (18) inner metatarsal tubercle larger than outer metatarsal tubercle. Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Herpetological-Monographs on 04 May 2022 <b>Comparisons.</b> — <i>Craugastor rubinus</i> can be differentiated from <i>C. candelariensis, C. cueyatl, C. hobartsmithi,</i> and <i>C. portilloensis</i> by equal sizes of the inner and outer metatarsal tubercles (unequal sizes in <i>C. rubinus</i>). It can be differentiated from <i>C. mexicanus, C. montanus, C. omiltemanus, C. polaclavus,</i> and <i>C. saltator</i> by the presence of vomerine odontophores (absent in <i>C. rubinus</i>). It can be differentiated from <i>C. bitonium</i> and <i>C. pygmaeus</i> by the absence of a posterolateral projection of the frontoparietal (present in C. <i>rubinus</i>). <b>Description of holotype.</b> — Holotype small male (SVL <i>¼</i> 12.6 mm); snout rounded and short (0.8 mm naris–snout; 7% SVL); short eye–nostril distance (1.3 mm; 10% SVL); tympanum 1.2 mm (9.1% SVL); no supratympanic fold or shoulder tubercle; finger length formula III &lt;IV &lt;II &lt;I; single flat palmar tubercle; single flat prepollical tubercle; subarticular tubercles present on all fingers; supernumerary tubercles not present on hand; right arm removed for genetic analysis; toe length formula IV &lt;III &lt;V &lt;II &lt;I; inner metatarsal tubercle larger than outer metatarsal tubercle; subarticular tubercles present on all toes; supernumerary tubercles present on plantar surface; right leg removed for genetic analysis; small dark supracloacal fold; dorsal color in life included brown and grey mottling, orange coloration on arms extending to posterior edge of tympanum (Fig. 34A); venter coloration in life included pale, almost blue speckling similar to other species of <i>C. mexicanus</i> series (Fig. 35); grey in preservative; many bands present on arms and legs. Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Herpetological-Monographs on 04 May 2022 <b>Variations in paratypes.</b> —Body sizes (SVL) 10.8 mm (MZFC-HE-35616), 11.5 mm (UTA A-62347); eye–nostril distance both 10% SVL; tympanic ratios both 9%; dorsal color pattern mottled (MZFC-HE-35616; Fig. 34B) or with dark stripe extending from snout to flank (UTA A-62347, Fig. 34C). <b>Distribution.</b> —Known only from the type locality in Jalisco (Talpa de Allende), habitat of pine–oak forest at the southern extent of the Sierra Madre Occidental. <b>Etymology.</b> —The specific epithet is derived from the Latin <i>rubinus,</i> which means ruby. This name is inspired by the garnet mines found near the type locality of Talpa de Allende in the Sierra Madre Occidental of Jalisco. <b>Phylogenetics.</b> — <i>Craugastor rubinus</i> was strongly supported as monophyletic in the concatenated analysis (ML <i>¼</i> 99; BAYES <i>¼</i> 1.0; Fig. 3). The new species is also strongly supported as the sister taxon of <i>C</i>. cf. <i>hobartsmithi</i> (ML <i>¼</i> 100; BAYES <i>¼</i> 1.0). <i>Craugastor rubinus</i> is separated from <i>C</i>. cf. <i>hobartsmithi</i> by a <i>P</i> -distance of 3.4% (Table 4). <b>Remarks.</b> —The skull of <i>C. rubinus</i> is similar to that of <i>C. hobartsmithi, C. montanus,</i> and <i>C. pygmaeus</i> with more posteriorly placed anterior suture of the frontoparietal and prootic than in other species. The type series was collected from the leaf litter surrounding a mountain stream. The male holotype has slightly pigmented testes. Afemale paratype, UTA A-62345, has large, pigmented ovaries. This species may co-occur with <i>C. hobartsmithi</i> in Jalisco. Despite the small genetic distances separating <i>C. rubinus</i> and <i>C</i>. cf. <i>hobartsmithi</i> <i>,</i> there are many skeletal and morphological differences between these two species, including relative metatarsal tubercle sizes, condition of the posterolateral projection of frontoparietal, and relative snout length (Table 6).
description: Published as part of <i>Jameson, Tom J. M., Streicher, Jeffrey W., Manuelli, Luigi, Head, Jason J. &amp; Smith, Eric N., 2022, Miniaturization in Direct-Developing Frogs from Mexico with the Description of Six New Species, pp. 1-48 in Herpetological Monographs 36 (1)</i> on pages 35-37, DOI: 10.1655/0733-1347-36.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6518587