cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Onset of meso-scale turbulence in living fluids
Creators: name: Doostmohammadi, Amin
name: Shendruk, Tyler N.
name: Thijssen, Kristian
name: Yeomans, Julia M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Meso-scale turbulence is an innate phenomenon, distinct from inertial turbulence, that spontaneously occurs at zero-Reynolds number in fluidized biological systems. This spatio-temporal disordered flow radically changes nutrient and molecular transport in living fluids and can strongly affect the collective behaviour in prominent biological processes, including biofilm formation, morphogenesis and cancer invasion. Despite its crucial role in such physiological processes, understanding meso-scale turbulence and any relation to classical inertial turbulence remains obscure. Here, we show how the motion of active matter along a micro-channel transitions to meso-scale turbulence through the evolution of disordered patches (active puffs) from an absorbing state of flow vortex-lattices. We demonstrate that the critical behaviour of this transition to meso-scale turbulence in a channel belongs to the directed percolation universality class. This finding bridges our understanding of the onset of zero-Reynolds number meso-scale turbulence and traditional scale-invariant turbulence, therefore generalizing theories on the onset of turbulence in confinement to the distinct classes of incoherent flows observed in biological fluids.
On a Distributed Computation of Supervisors in Modular Supervisory Control
Creators: name: Komenda, Jan
name: Masopust, Tomáš
name: van Schuppen, J. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we discuss a supervisory control problem of modular discrete-event systems that allows for a distributed computation of supervisors. We provide a characterization and an algorithm to compute the supervisors. If the specification does not satisfy the properties, we make use of a relaxation of coordination control to compute a sublanguage of the specification for which the supervisors can be computed in a distributed way.
description: Extended abstract of a paper presented at the International Conference on Complex Systems Engineering (ICCSE 2015)
F(750), We Miss You, as Bound State of 6 Top and 6 Anti top
Creators: name: Nielsen, Holger Frits Bech
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We collect and estimate support for our long speculated "multiple point principle" saying that there should be several vacua all having (compared to the scales of high energy physics) very low energy densities. In pure Standard Model we suggest there being three by "multiple point principle" low energy density vacua, "present", "condensate" and "high field" vacuum. We fit the mass of the in our picture since long speculated bound state of six top and six anti top quarks in three quite {\em independent ways} and get remarkably within our crude accuracy the {\em same} mass in all three fits! The new point of the present article is to estimate the bound state mass in what we could call a bag model estimation. The two other fits, which we review, obtain the mass of the bound state by fitting to the multiple point principle prediction of degenerate vacua. Our remarkable agreement of our three mass-fits can be interpreted to mean, that we have calculated at the end the energy densities of the two extra speculated vacua and found that they are indeed very small!. Unfortunately the recently much discussed statistical fluctuation peak F(750) has now been revealed to be just a fluctuation, very accidentally matches our fitted mass of the bound state remarkably well with the mass of this fluctuation 750 GeV.
description: minor corrections in calculation and commas and a few references added. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1607.07907, adding few citations
To Swap or Not to Swap? Exploiting Dependency Word Pairs for Reordering in Statistical Machine Translation
Creators: name: Hadiwinoto, Christian
name: Liu, Yang
name: Ng, Hwee Tou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Reordering poses a major challenge in machine translation (MT) between two languages with significant differences in word order. In this paper, we present a novel reordering approach utilizing sparse features based on dependency word pairs. Each instance of these features captures whether two words, which are related by a dependency link in the source sentence dependency parse tree, follow the same order or are swapped in the translation output. Experiments on Chinese-to-English translation show a statistically significant improvement of 1.21 BLEU point using our approach, compared to a state-of-the-art statistical MT system that incorporates prior reordering approaches.
description: 7 pages, 1 figures, Proceedings of AAAI-16
Fission of Multiply Charged Cesium and Potassium Clusters in Helium Droplets - Approaching the Rayleigh Limit
Creators: name: Renzler, Michael
name: Harnisch, Martina
name: Daxner, Matthias
name: Kranabetter, Lorenz
name: Kuhn, Martin
name: Scheier, Paul
name: Echt, Olof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electron ionization of helium droplets doped with cesium or potassium results in doubly and, for cesium, triply charged cluster ions. The smallest observable doubly charged clusters are $Cs_{9}^{2+}$ and $K_{11}^{2+}$; they are a factor two smaller than reported previously. The size of potassium dications approaches the Rayleigh limit nRay for which the fission barrier is calculated to vanish, i.e. their fissilities are close to 1. Cesium dications are even smaller than nRay, implying that their fissilities have been significantly overestimated. Triply charged cesium clusters as small as $Cs_{19}^{3+}$ are observed; they are a factor 2.6 smaller than previously reported. Mechanisms that may be responsible for enhanced formation of clusters with high fissilities are discussed.
GRBs from Magnetic Reconnection: Variability and Robustness of Lightcurves
Creators: name: Granot, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dissipation mechanism that powers gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) remains uncertain almost half a century after their discovery. The two main competing mechanisms are the extensively studied internal shocks and the less studied magnetic reconnection. Here we consider GRB emission from magnetic reconnection accounting for the relativistic bulk motions that it produces in the jet's bulk rest frame. Far from the source the magnetic field is almost exactly normal to the radial direction, suggesting locally quasi-spherical thin reconnection layers between regions of oppositely directed magnetic field. We show that if the relativistic motions in the jet's frame are confined to such a quasi-spherical uniform layer, then the resulting GRB lightcurves are independent of their direction distribution within this layer. This renders previous results for a delta-function velocity-direction distribution (Beniamini & Granot 2016) applicable to a much more general class of reconnection models, which are suggested by numerical simulations. Such models that vary in their velocity-direction distribution differ mainly in the size of the bright region that contributes most of the observed flux at a given emission radius or observed time. The more sharply peaked this distribution, the smaller this bright region, and the stronger the lightcurve variability that may be induced by deviations from a uniform emission over the thin reconnection layer, which may be expected in a realistic GRB outflow. This is reflected both in the observed image at a given observed time and in the observer-frame emissivity map at a given emission radius, which are calculated here for three simple velocity-direction distributions.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Final Deliverable
Creators: name: Wang
name: Chong, Belina
name: Rajski, Claudia
name: Beale, Caitlin
name: Sozeri, Sila
name: Li, Anthony
name: Tran, Lawrence
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Agriculture, land and farm management not elsewhere classified
Sustainable agricultural development
Other built environment and design not elsewhere classified
Other health sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Compilation of best practices for weed management, pest control, and composting. Includes UCLA volunteer registry to market future community outreach events.
MIMO Wiretap Channel under Receiver Side Power Constraints with Applications to Wireless Power Transfer and Cognitive Radio
Creators: name: Banawan, Karim
name: Ulukus, Sennur
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wiretap channel under a minimum receiver-side power constraint in addition to the usual maximum transmitter-side power constraint. This problem is motivated by energy harvesting communications with wireless energy transfer, where an added goal is to deliver a minimum amount of energy to a receiver in addition to delivering secure data to another receiver. In this paper, we characterize the exact secrecy capacity of the MIMO wiretap channel under transmitter and receiver-side power constraints. We first show that solving this problem is equivalent to solving the secrecy capacity of the wiretap channel under a double-sided correlation matrix constraint on the channel input. We show the converse by extending the channel enhancement technique to our case. We present two achievable schemes that achieve the secrecy capacity: the first achievable scheme uses a Gaussian codebook with a fixed mean, and the second achievable scheme uses artificial noise (or cooperative jamming) together with a Gaussian codebook. The role of the mean or the artificial noise is to enable energy transfer without sacrificing from the secure rate. This is the first instance of a channel model where either the use of a mean signal or the use of channel prefixing via artificial noise is strictly necessary for the MIMO wiretap channel. We then extend our work to consider a maximum receiver-side power constraint. This problem is motivated by cognitive radio applications, where an added goal is to decrease the received signal energy (interference temperature) at a receiver. We further extend our results to: requiring receiver-side power constraints at both receivers; considering secrecy constraints at both receivers to study broadcast channels with confidential messages; and removing the secrecy constraints to study the classical broadcast channel.
description: Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Communications, September 2015. Accepted for publication, July 2016
Statistical Meta-Analysis of Presentation Attacks for Secure Multibiometric Systems
Creators: name: Biggio, Battista
name: Fumera, Giorgio
name: Marcialis, Gian Luca
name: Roli, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Prior work has shown that multibiometric systems are vulnerable to presentation attacks, assuming that their matching score distribution is identical to that of genuine users, without fabricating any fake trait. We have recently shown that this assumption is not representative of current fingerprint and face presentation attacks, leading one to overestimate the vulnerability of multibiometric systems, and to design less effective fusion rules. In this paper, we overcome these limitations by proposing a statistical meta-model of face and fingerprint presentation attacks that characterizes a wider family of fake score distributions, including distributions of known and, potentially, unknown attacks. This allows us to perform a thorough security evaluation of multibiometric systems against presentation attacks, quantifying how their vulnerability may vary also under attacks that are different from those considered during design, through an uncertainty analysis. We empirically show that our approach can reliably predict the performance of multibiometric systems even under never-before-seen face and fingerprint presentation attacks, and that the secure fusion rules designed using our approach can exhibit an improved trade-off between the performance in the absence and in the presence of attack. We finally argue that our method can be extended to other biometrics besides faces and fingerprints.
description: Published in: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 2016
Experimental Quantum Digital Signature over 102 km
Creators: name: Yin, Hua-Lei
name: Fu, Yao
name: Liu, Hui
name: Tang, Qi-Jie
name: Wang, Jian
name: You, Li-Xing
name: Zhang, Wei-Jun
name: Chen, Si-Jing
name: Wang, Zhen
name: Zhang, Qiang
name: Chen, Teng-Yun
name: Chen, Zeng-Bing
name: Pan, Jian-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum digital signature (QDS) is an approach to guarantee the nonrepudiation, unforgeability and transferability of a signature with the information-theoretical security. All previous experimental realizations of QDS relied on an unrealistic assumption of secure channels and the longest distance is only several kilometers. Here, we have experimentally demonstrated a recently proposed QDS protocol without any secure channel. Exploiting the decoy state modulation, we have successfully signed one bit message through up to 102 km optical fiber. Furthermore, we continuously run the system to sign the longer message "USTC" with 32 bit at the distance of 51 km. Our results pave the way towards the practical application of QDS.
description: 5+5 page, 3 figures
Efficient vortex generation in sub-wavelength epsilon-near-zero slabs
Creators: name: Ciattoni, Alessandro
name: Marini, Andrea
name: Rizza, Carlo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that a homogeneous and isotropic slab, illuminated by a circularly polarized beam with no topological charge, produces vortices of order two in the opposite circularly polarized components of the reflected and transmitted fields, as a consequence of the difference between transverse magnetic and transverse electric dynamics. In the epsilon-near-zero regime, we find that vortex generation is remarkably efficient in sub-wavelength thick slabs up to the paraxial regime. This physically stems from the fact that a vacuum paraxial field can excite a nonparaxial field inside an epsilon-near-zero slab since it hosts slowly varying fields over physically large portion of the bulk. Our theoretical predictions indicate that epsilon-near-zero media hold great potential as nanophotonic elements for manipulating the angular momentum of the radiation, since they are available without resorting to complicated micro/nano fabrication processes and can operate even at very small (ultraviolet) wavelengths.
Algorithms for Disconnected Diagrams in Lattice QCD
Creators: name: Gambhir, Arjun Singh
name: Stathopoulos, Andreas
name: Orginos, Kostas
name: Yoon, Boram
name: Gupta, Rajan
name: Syritsyn, Sergey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Computing disconnected diagrams in Lattice QCD (operator insertion in a quark loop) entails the computationally demanding problem of taking the trace of the all to all quark propagator. We first outline the basic algorithm used to compute a quark loop as well as improvements to this method. Then, we motivate and introduce an algorithm based on the synergy between hierarchical probing and singular value deflation. We present results for the chiral condensate using a 2+1-flavor clover ensemble and compare estimates of the nucleon charges with the basic algorithm.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures, Proceedings for The 34th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory
Tracing back the evolution of the candidate LBV HD168625
Creators: name: Mahy, L.
name: Hutsemékers, D.
name: Royer, P.
name: Waelkens, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims. We obtained Herschel/PACS imaging and spectroscopic observations of the nebula surrounding the candidate LBV HD168625. By combining these data with optical spectra of the star, we want to constrain the abundances in the nebula and in the star and compare them to trace back its evolution. Methods. We use CMFGEN to determine the fundamental parameters and the CNO abundances of the central star whilst the abundances of the nebula are derived from the emission lines present in the Herschel/PACS spectrum. Result. The FIR images show a nebula composed of an elliptical ring/torus of ejecta with a ESE-WNW axis and of a second perpendicular bipolar structure composed of empty caps/rings. We detect equatorial shells composed of dust and ionized material with different sizes when observed at different wavelengths, and bipolar caps more of less separated from the central star in H$α$ and mid-IR images. This complex global structure seems to show 2 different inclinations: 40° for the equatorial torus and 60° for the bipolar ejections. From the Herschel/PACS spectrum, we determine nebular abundances of $\mathrm{N/H} = 4.1 \pm 0.8 \times~10^{-4}$ and $\mathrm{C/H} \sim 1.6_{-0.35}^{+1.16} \times~10^{-4}$, as well as a mass of ionized gas of $0.17\pm 0.04$M$_{\odot}$ and a neutral hydrogen mass of about $1.0\pm 0.3$M$_{\odot}$ which dominates. Analysis of the central star reveals Teff = 14000K, log g = 1.74 and log (L/L$_{\odot}$) = 5.58. We derive stellar abundances of about $\mathrm{N/H} = 5.0 \pm 1.5 \times~10^{-4}$, $\mathrm{C/H} = 1.4 \pm 0.5 \times~10^{-4}$ and $\mathrm{O/H} = 3.5 \pm 1.0\times~10^{-4}$. All these measurements taken together are compatible with the evolutionary tracks of a star with an initial mass between $28$ and $33$M$_{\odot}$ and with a crit. rotational rate between 0.3 and 0.4 that has lost its material during or just after the BSG phase.
description: 14 pages, 16 figures, A&A, in press
Quantum Gravity Effects around Sagittarius A*
Creators: name: Haggard, Hal M.
name: Rovelli, Carlo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent VLBI observations have resolved Sagittarius A* at horizon scales. The Event Horizon Telescope is expected to provide increasingly good images of the region around the Schwarzschild radius $r_S$ of Sgr A* soon. A number of authors have recently pointed out the possibility that non-perturbative quantum gravitational phenomena could affect the space surrounding a black hole. Here we point out that the existence of a region around $\frac76 r_S$ where these effects should be maximal.
description: 5 pages; Received honorable mention in the Gravity Research Foundation 2016 Awards for Essays on Gravitation
title: XIII. International Symposium on Grapevine Breeding and Genetics, Pioneering Wines (PIWIs) - Innovation and Tradition, Abstract Book: 10th - 15th July 2022, Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof I Siebeldingen/Germany
Creators: name: :None
Publisher: name: Julius Kühn-Institut
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 630

description: Julius-Kühn-Archiv, vol. 470
Radio Diagnostics of Electron Acceleration Sites During the Eruption of a Flux Rope in the Solar Corona
Creators: name: Carley, Eoin P.
name: Vilmer, Nicole
name: Gallagher, Peter T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electron acceleration in the solar corona is often associated with flares and the eruption of twisted magnetic structures known as flux ropes. However, the locations and mechanisms of such particle acceleration during the flare and eruption are still subject to much investigation. Observing the exact sites of particle acceleration can help confirm how the flare and eruption are initiated and how they evolve. Here we use the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly to analyse a flare and erupting flux rope on 2014-April-18, while observations from the Nancay Radio Astronomy Facility allows us to diagnose the sites of electron acceleration during the eruption. Our analysis shows evidence for a pre-formed flux rope which slowly rises and becomes destabilised at the time of a C-class flare, plasma jet and the escape of >75 keV electrons from rope center into the corona. As the eruption proceeds, continued acceleration of electrons with energies of ~5 keV occurs above the flux rope for a period over 5 minutes. At flare peak, one site of electron acceleration is located close to the flare site while another is driven by the erupting flux rope into the corona at speeds of up to 400 km/s. Energetic electrons then fill the erupting volume, eventually allowing the flux rope legs to be clearly imaged from radio sources at 150-445MHz. Following the analysis of Joshi et al. (2015), we conclude that the sites of energetic electrons are consistent with flux rope eruption via a tether-cutting or flux cancellation scenario inside a magnetic fan-spine structure. In total, our radio observations allow us to better understand the evolution of a flux rope eruption and its associated electron acceleration sites, from eruption initiation to propagation into the corona.
"An Axiology of Aesthetics for Existential Risk"
Creators: name: Raval, Ishan
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: existential risk
subject: Utilitarianism
subject: aesthetics
subject: value theory
subject: the Good

description: This paper examines foundational axiological questions in the context of existential risk. Axiology asks what is valuable, and what it is about what's valuable that makes it such. These matters get projected to pure, raw clarity in our present precarious state as a species and civilization: What is it for that we want existential risk to be minimized and the human enterprise to continue? So far, the preponderance of existential risk discourse has ranged from pleading agnosticism regarding axiological fundaments to avowing that the ultimate good resides in the experience of well-being for individuals, i.e., avowing utilitarianism, to argue for the worthiness of addressing existential risk. Such avowals can be questioned however, and as it happens, an alternative axiology emerges from the prior question pertinent to the context of existential risk. When we look into what good we want the world to continue to exist for, we find an aesthetic orientation to the way we value things, and from there, an objective and transcendent conception of the good. Such a conception, it is argued, would be better than that offered by utilitarianism for bringing forth passion toward and about the world with the urgency and intensity existential risks call for.
Prethermalization and Persistent Order in the Absence of a Thermal Phase Transition
Creators: name: Halimeh, Jad C.
name: Zauner-Stauber, Valentin
name: McCulloch, Ian P.
name: de Vega, Inés
name: Schollwöck, Ulrich
name: Kastner, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We numerically study the dynamics after a parameter quench in the one-dimensional transverse-field Ising model with long-range interactions ($\propto 1/r^α$ with distance $r$), for finite chains and also directly in the thermodynamic limit. In nonequilibrium, i.e., before the system settles into a thermal state, we find a long-lived regime that is characterized by a prethermal value of the magnetization, which in general differs from its thermal value. We find that the ferromagnetic phase is stabilized dynamically: as a function of the quench parameter, the prethermal magnetization shows a transition between a symmetry-broken and a symmetric phase, even for those values of $α$ for which no finite-temperature transition occurs in equilibrium. The dynamical critical point is shifted with respect to the equilibrium one, and the shift is found to depend on $α$ as well as on the quench parameters.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
J-factors of short DNA molecules
Creators: name: Zoli, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The propensity of short DNA sequences to convert to the circular form is studied by a mesoscopic Hamiltonian method which incorporates both the bending of the molecule axis and the intrinsic twist of the DNA strands. The base pair fluctuations with respect to the helix diameter are treated as path trajectories in the imaginary time path integral formalism. The partition function for the sub-ensemble of closed molecules is computed by imposing chain ends boundary conditions both on the radial fluctuations and on the angular degrees of freedom. The cyclization probability, the J-factor, proves to be highly sensitive to the stacking potential, mostly to its nonlinear parameters. We find that the J-factor generally decreases by reducing the sequence length ( N ) and, more significantly, below N = 100 base pairs. However, even for very small molecules, the J-factors remain sizeable in line with recent experimental indications. Large bending angles between adjacent base pairs and anharmonic stacking appear as the causes of the helix flexibility at short length scales.
description: The Journal of Chemical Physics - May 2016 ; 9 pages
Wood construction in the New European Bauhaus
Creators: name: Baño, Vanesa
name: Kies, Uwe
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The built environment has a relevant role in the current climate crisis, accounting for almost 40% of all global emissions. The New European Bauhaus (NEB) advocates a co-creation approach, which aims to bring together three Values: Beautiful, Sustainable and Together. This approach fits well with wood construction projects. Forests are true carbon pumps, and thus by introducing more long-life wood-based products in the built environment, our cities can become major carbon sinks. Timber structures hold a key role in particular providing the highest wood volume to the buildings. Timber structures start in the forest. However, not many species and wood products are available for structural purposes. Currently, there are 76 tree species found in the EU, of which only 19 species are structurally graded and included in the EN standards: 12 are softwoods (4 in Spain) and 7 are hardwoods (3 in Spain). Their structural performance varies depending on visual or machine grading. Structurally graded and certified wood is essential for the manufacturing of the most common engineered wood products (EWP) used in buildings, i.e. glulam and cross-laminated timber-CLT. The EN standard limits glulam production to a few softwood species, and a harmonised standard for CLT does not yet exist, which is a barrier for the certification process required for construction products. However, not all are limitations for timber construction, which has clearly emerged as a pioneering industry in the use of CAD/CAM/BIM models and numerical control machine manufacturing in recent years. A major current trend is towards taller and taller multistorey buildings - a field still not well known and challenging for the wood industry. The historical background and major share of the industry lies in other kinds of buildings, such as long-span structures, family houses or even bridges. This well-established knowledge represents a good starting point to upscale and expand into new markets. But wood construction is not only about structural timber, but also about other wood-based components for buildings, such as thermal and acoustic insulation materials, curtain wall façades, coatings, etc. Many of these use intermediate residues of solid wood processing, which are increasingly arranged in a cascade hierarchy of material use. The Wood for Bauhaus Alliance (W4B) was created by several umbrella organisations in Europe to become an official partner of the NEB, with the aim to upscale the forest-to-building value chain. Under this panorama, W4B identified 10 policy recommendations and research priorities, including the need for skills and training. New initiatives are starting to create a European NEB Academy, focused on training the construction ecosystem towards a sustainable environment with biobased, renewable materials.
"Navigating Cascading Planetary Boundaries: A Framework to Secure the Future"
Creators: name: Cernev, Tom
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: planetary boundaries
cascading risk
sustainability
global catastrophic risk
climate change

description: This paper examines the potential cascading effects into society of transgressed Planetary Boundaries. This paper provides a literature review of the Planetary Boundaries (climate change, novel entities, stratospheric ozone depletion, atmospheric aerosol loading, ocean acidification, biogeochemical flows, freshwater use, land-system change, and biosphere integrity), including an analysis of humanity’s current position within each of the Earth systems. Using this, the potential for cascades across Planetary Boundaries, and from transgressed Planetary Boundaries into society is investigated. Extensive cascades exist, and agriculture and food security found to be at risk. It is investigated how the cascades through society could lead to increased Global Catastrophic Risk, and found that transgressed Planetary Boundaries have the potential to exacerbate known Global Catastrophic Risk (e.g. Weapons of Mass Destruction), and may lead to new and unforeseen Global Catastrophic Risks (e.g. as a result of the development of new climate change mitigating technology). From these findings, a framework is generated to identify and understand the cascades and associated Global Catastrophic Risks that may stem from crossed Planetary Boundaries, and also how to mitigate them. The framework emphasises the need for involvement from across industry, governments, and research institutions.
How to understand the underlying structures of $X(4140)$, $X(4274)$, $X(4500)$ and $X(4700)$
Creators: name: Liu, Xiao-Hai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the possible rescattering effects which may contribute to the process $B^+\to J/ψϕK^+$. It is shown that the $D_{s}^{*+}D_{s}^-$ rescattering via the open-charmed meson loops, and $ψ^\prime ϕ$ rescattering via the $ψ^\prime K_1$ loops may simulate the structures of $X(4140)$ and $X(4700)$, respectively. However, if the quantum numbers of $X(4274)$ ($X(4500)$) are $1^{++}$ ($0^{++}$), it is hard to to ascribe the observation of $X(4274)$ and $X(4500)$ to the $P$-wave threshold rescattering effects, which implies that $X(4274)$ and $X(4500)$ could be genuine resonances. We also suggest that $X(4274)$ may be the conventional orbitally excited state $χ_{c1}(3P)$.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures, 1 table
Supplementary document for FDTD modeling of excitation-balanced, mJ-level pulse amplifiers in Yb-doped double-clad optical fibers: Part I - 6561732.pdf
Creators: name: Yu, Nanjie
name: Xiong, Mingye
name: Dragic, Peter
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: List of symbols, table of cross-sections, and summary modeling results for Section 4.5.
The dynamics of filament assembly define cytoskeletal network morphology
Creators: name: Foffano, Giulia
name: Levernier, Nicolas
name: Lenz, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The actin cytoskeleton is a key component in the machinery of eukaryotic cells, and it selfassembles out of equilibrium into a wide variety of biologically crucial structures. While the molecular mechanisms involved are well characterized, the physical principles governing the spatial arrangement of actin filaments are not understood. Here we propose that the dynamics of actin network assembly from growing filaments results from a competition between diffusion, bundling, and steric hindrance, and is responsible for the range of observed morphologies. Our model and simulations thus predict an abrupt dynamical transition between homogeneous and strongly bundled networks as a function of the actin polymerization rate. This suggests that cells may effect dramatic changes to their internal architecture through minute modifications of their nonequilibrium dynamics. Our results are consistent with available experimental data.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures. Submitted to and accepted by Nat. Commun
Left Invariant Randers Metrics of Berwald type on Tangent Lie Groups
Creators: name: Asgari, Farhad
name: Moghaddam, Hamid Reza Salimi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Let $G$ be a Lie group equipped with a left invariant Randers metric of Berward type $F$, with underlying left invariant Riemannian metric $g$. Suppose that $\widetilde{F}$ and $\widetilde{g}$ are lifted Randers and Riemannian metrics arising from $F$ and $g$ on the tangent Lie group $TG$ by vertical and complete lifts. In this article we study the relations between the flag curvature of the Randers manifold $(TG,\widetilde{F})$ and the sectional curvature of the Riemannian manifold $(G,g)$ when $\widetilde{F}$ is of Berwald type. Then we give all simply connected $3$-dimentional Lie groups such that their tangent bundles admit Randers metrics of Berwarld type and their geodesics vectors.
Firing regulation of fast-spiking interneurons by autaptic inhibition
Creators: name: Guo, Daqing
name: Chen, Mingming
name: Perc, Matjaz
name: Wu, Shengdun
name: Xia, Chuan
name: Zhang, Yangsong
name: Xu, Peng
name: Xia, Yang
name: Yao, Dezhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Fast-spiking (FS) interneurons in the brain are self-innervated by powerful inhibitory GABAergic autaptic connections. By computational modelling, we investigate how autaptic inhibition regulates the firing response of such interneurons. Our results indicate that autaptic inhibition both boosts the current threshold for action potential generation as well as modulates the input-output gain of FS interneurons. The autaptic transmission delay is identified as a key parameter that controls the firing patterns and determines multistability regions of FS interneurons. Furthermore, we observe that neuronal noise influences the firing regulation of FS interneurons by autaptic inhibition and extends their dynamic range for encoding inputs. Importantly, autaptic inhibition modulates noise-induced irregular firing of FS interneurons, such that coherent firing appears at an optimal autaptic inhibition level. Our result reveal the functional roles of autaptic inhibition in taming the firing dynamics of FS interneurons.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Fermion Condensation and Gapped Domain Walls in Topological Orders
Creators: name: Wan, Yidun
name: Wang, Chenjie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose the concept of fermion condensation in bosonic topological orders in two spatial dimensions. Fermion condensation can be realized as gapped domain walls between bosonic and fermionic topological orders, which are thought of as a real-space phase transitions from bosonic to fermionic topological orders. This generalizes the previous idea of understanding boson condensation as gapped domain walls between bosonic topological orders. We show that generic fermion condensation obeys a Hierarchy Principle by which it can be decomposed into a boson condensation followed by a minimal fermion condensation, which involves a single self-fermion that is its own anti-particle and has unit quantum dimension. We then develop the rules of minimal fermion condensation, which together with the known rules of boson condensation, provides a full set of rules of fermion condensation. Our studies point to an exact mapping between the Hilbert spaces of a bosonic topological order and a fermionic topological order that share a gapped domain wall.
description: 20 pages, 2-column
"Is Climate Change Ungovernable?"
Creators: name: Edwards, Paul N.
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: climate change
tipping points
climate policy
governance
artificial intelligence

description: This paper reviews the potential for catastrophic, civilization-threatening climate change within the next 2-3 centuries if climate sensitivity is on the high end of IPCC estimates and the thresholds of various tipping points are crossed. I argue that empirical evidence supports a substantial likelihood of future climate policy reversals by major emitters, resulting in continuing accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. On high-end sensitivity estimates, Paris Agreement pledges to date are insufficient even if fully implemented. Policy is always reversible, and major reversals have already occurred. Climate denialism and misdirection can, and probably will, be amplified by artificial intelligence and social media. Finally, the focus on international governance mechanisms obscures the many levels of jurisdiction that must be engaged for strong climate policy to take effect. The paper concludes that while renewable energy progress presents a hopeful note, chances are high that current structures of climate governance will not succeed in preventing catastrophic levels of climate change.
Anisotropic evolution of energy gap in Bi2212 superconductor
Creators: name: Durajski, Artur P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a systematic analysis of the energy gap in underdoped Bi2212 superconductor as a function of temperature and hole doping level. Within the framework of the theoretical model containing the electron-phonon and electron-electron-phonon pairing mechanism, we reproduced the measurement results of modern ARPES experiments with very high accuracy. We showed that the energy-gap amplitude is very weakly dependent on the temperature but clearly dependent on the level of doping. The evidence for a non-zero energy gap above the critical temperature, referred to as a pseudogap, was also obtained.
JOURNAL OF NURSERY AND PRIMARY EDUCATION INSTRUCTORS IN NIGERIA (JNPEIN)
Creators: name: Fowowe, Sunday Simeon
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 399999
subject: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: The Journal of Early Childhood Care and Primary Education (JECPED) is established purposely to cater for findings of research emanating from researchers, scholars ,policymakers and the reports on teachings in early childhood education and primary Education. It ultimately aims to:1) provide classroom- based research that focuses on pre-primary and primary education in Nigeria and beyond2) encourage practitioners and academics on projects that will facilitate quality teaching and learning in Nigeria schools3) promote fora for exchange of novel and trends for teachers, caregivers and other stakeholders in nursery, primary and other allied related coursesThe Association emphasizes presentations and articles with strong bias on childhood education, Pedagogy, Curriculum Development, ICT related issues, Continuous professional development etc
Can a quantum critical state represent a blackbody?
Creators: name: Chakravarty, Sudip
name: Kraus, Per
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The blackbody theory of Planck played a seminal role in the development of quantum theory at the turn of the past century. A blackbody cavity is generally thought to be a collection of photons in thermal equilibrium; the radiation emitted is at all wavelengths, and the intensity follows a scaling law, which is Planck's characteristic distribution law. These photons arise from non-interacting normal modes. Here we suggest that certain quantum critical states when heated emit "radiation" at all wavelengths and satisfy all the criteria of a blackbody. An important difference is that the "radiation" does not necessarily consist of non-interacting photons, but also emergent relativistic bosons or fermions. The examples we provide include emergent relativistic fermions at a topological quantum critical point. This perspective on a quantum critical state may be illuminating in many unforeseen ways.
description: 18 pages, 3figures
Calculations of long-range three-body interactions for Li($2\,^2S$)-Li($2\,^2S$)-Li($2\,^2P$)
Creators: name: Yan, Pei-Gen
name: Tang, Li-Yan
name: Yan, Zong-Chao
name: Babb, James F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: General formulas for calculating the several leading long-range interactions among three identical atoms where two atoms are in identical $S$ states and the other atom is in a $P$ state are obtained using perturbation theory for the energies up to second order. The first order (dipolar) interactions depend on the geometrical configurations of the three atoms. In second order, additive and nonadditive dispersion interactions are obtained. The nonadditive interactions depend on the geometrical configurations in marked contrast to the case where all three atoms are in identical $S$ states, for which the nonadditive (also known as triple-dipole or as Axilrod-Muto-Teller) dispersion interactions appear at the third order. The formalism is demonstrated by the calculation of the coefficients for the Li($2\,^2S$)-Li($2\,^2S$)-Li($2\,^{2}P$) system using variationally-generated atomic lithium wave functions in Hylleraas coordinates. The present dipolar coefficients and additive and nonadditive dispersion coefficients may be useful in constructing precise potential energy surfaces for this three lithium atom system.
description: 32 pages, 4 figures
On semibounded Wiener-Hopf operators
Creators: name: Yafaev, D. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 47A05, 47A07, Secondary 47B25, 47B35

description: We show that a semibounded Wiener-Hopf quadratic form is closable in the space $L^2({\Bbb R}_{+})$ if and only if its integral kernel is the Fourier transform of an absolutely continuous measure. This allows us to define semibounded Wiener-Hopf operators and their symbols under minimal assumptions on their integral kernels. Our proof relies on a continuous analogue of the Riesz Brothers theorem obtained in the paper.
"Investigating the Success Criteria for Dual-Use Biosecurity Education"
Creators: name: Lebedeva, Sofya
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: biosecurity
education
responsible research practices
DURC

description: The importance of preparedness for major biological events has been demonstrated substantially over the past few decades and was made strikingly necessary in recent years. Institutions need to fundamentally redesign their approach to biosecurity education to successfully mitigate biological threats and shortcomings. This issue is pressing due to its potential to mitigate or prevent the occurrence of events that cause the (near) extinction of humanity, thus drastically reducing the potential of future generations. Given the importance of this issue, an investigation of various approaches to biosecurity education was conducted. Following the investigation with web-based and database searches, the most relevant eight approaches emerged. They are as follows: UVienna Course, Local-People-Make-Sense Framework, EMR, NDMC Course, Train-The-Trainer, LNCV Course, QAU Course and the Karolinska Course. From this examination, seven key themes emerge as markers for the success of a course; length, context, personal connection and instructor excellency. From these takeaways, we can better understand the ways to promote responsible research practices while minimising the risks of catastrophic events resulting from the misuse of dual-use research of concern (DURC).
Between Innovation and Precedent the Treaty of Waitangi exception clause in Aotearoa New Zealand’s free trade agreements
Creators: name: Holster, Bonnie
name: Castle, Matthew
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4408
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science
classificationCode: 48
subject: Law and legal studies
classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society

description: New Zealand includes a Treaty of Waitangi exception clause in all its free trade agreements. The clause aims to protect Māori interests arising from the government’s Treaty of Waitangi obligations. But despite changes to New Zealand’s trade agreements, an evolving relationship between the New Zealand government and Māori, and debate over the adequacy of the clause, the exception clause has remained unchanged for 20 years. We suggest that the reproduction the same text helps New Zealand negotiators to credibly argue that inclusion of the clause is required for domestic political reasons. Yet this textual stability also hinders innovation. At the international level, FTA partners might balk at any widening of policy discretion afforded by a revised clause. At the domestic level, revising the clause would require difficult debate over the extent of appropriate protections for Māori in New Zealand’s trade agreements. As calls to change the exception clause grow, New Zealand trade policymakers will need to carefully balance innovation and precedent.
Should Epistemic Security Be a Priority GCR Cause Area?
Creators: name: Seger, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: epistemic security
global catastrophic risk
crisis response

description: “Epistemic security” is a term used to describe the resilience of a society's social epistemic systems to detrimental interference called epistemic threats. Epistemic threats include, for example, adversarial influence operations, the erosion of trust in expertise, and extreme polarization. This paper argues epistemic security should be considered a priority global catastrophic risk (GCR) cause area. The reason is not, as one might expect, that our current state of epistemic security is particularly dire, or that we should expect epistemic threats to get much worse in the future. The reasoning centers instead on a rising “threshold level of epistemic security” which can be understood as the level of epistemic security needed for a society to be capable of effectively preparing for or responding to the risks and crises it faces.