cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
FHL1 complexes with NFATc1 and GATA2 promoting skeletal muscle hypertrophy during growth but not aging
Creators: name: Kane, Jordan Michael
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Multiple mutations in the fhl1 gene were identified in several human myopathies (X-linked myopathy with postural muscle atrophy, reducing body myopathy, scapuloperoneal myopathy, Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy and rigid spine syndrome). FHL1 is an adapter protein that scaffolds and regulates transcription complexes as well as regulating the assembly of signaling proteins at the sarcomere (muscle contractile apparatus). FHL1 is expressed most highly in skeletal muscle and its mRNA expression is elevated during perinatal muscle growth. FHL1 levels are also elevated following muscle injury and, conversely, are decreased during muscle wasting. Previously our laboratory has developed transgenic mice overexpressing FHL1 specifically in postnatal skeletal muscle resulting in skeletal muscle hypertrophy. FHL1 binds the transcription factors NFATc1 and GATA2. FHL1 also enhances the transcriptional activity of NFATc1, which is associated with muscle hypertrophy. This study aims to investigate whether FHL1 promotes sustained hypertrophy, and the molecular mechanisms mediating this effect. In this thesis, GATA2 is identified as a direct binding partner of FHL1 in skeletal muscle. FHL1 synergistically activates the transcription of the b3-integrin, MCK and IGF-IR promoters in cooperation with GATA2 and NFATc1. In order to investigate the role of FHL1 in a model of muscle atrophy, muscle from aged FHL1 transgenic mice was evaluated. Wildtype and skeletal-muscle-specific FHL1 transgenic mice at 20 months of age exhibited similar muscle mass, fibre size and regeneration in several major limb muscles from four mice of each genotype (n=4). In contrast, decreased muscle weight, fibre variability and myoblast fusion were evident in FHL1 transgenic gastrocnemius. Although FHL1 complexes with NFATc1 and GATA2 to promote expression of myogenic pathways, this function is likely limited to developmental and/or acute regeneration as the promotion of muscle hypertrophy during post natal growth was not sustained in FHL1 transgenic mice.
Neonatal Genome-Wide Methylation Patterns in Relation to Birth Weight in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort
Creators: name: Håberg, Siri E.
name: Wu, Michael C.
name: Engel, Stephanie M.
name: Ueland, Per Magne
name: Joubert, Bonnie R.
name: Nystad, Wenche
name: Nilsen, Roy M.
name: Vollset, Stein Emil
name: Peddada, Shyamal D.
name: Olshan, Andrew F.
name: London, Stephanie J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Although epigenetic regulation plays a critical role in embryonic development, few studies have examined the relationship of epigenome-wide methylation with fetal growth. Using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip (Illumina, Inc., San Diego, California) in a substudy of 1,046 infants from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) enrolled between 1999 and 2008, we examined epigenome-wide cord blood DNA methylation in relation to birth weight. In multivariable-adjusted robust linear regression models, we identified differential methylation at 19 cytosine-guanine dinucleotides (CpGs) associated with either decreased (AT-rich interactive domain 5B (MRF1-like) (ARID5B), 2 CpGs) or increased (x-ray repair complementing defective repair in Chinese hamster cells 3 (XRCC3), 4 CpGs) birth weight. ARID5B knockout mice have less adipose tissue and significantly lower weight in the postnatal period. XRCC3 plays a key role in the maintenance of chromosome stability and the repair of DNA damage. Although there are fewer data on the other implicated genes, many of these genes have been shown to have roles in developmental processes. This constitutes the largest and most robust study of birth weight using an epigenome-wide methylation platform and offers potential insights into epigenetic mechanisms of fetal growth.
THE MEDITERRANEAN DIET:INSIGHTS INTO ITS ROLE IN SECONDARY CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE PREVENTION
Creators: name: TURNU, LINDA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2018

description: Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. However, incidence rates have clear geographic differences that have been partly ascribed to dietary habits. The Mediterranean Diet (MD) has been proposed to explain this geographical differences. The positive effect of MD on CAD primary prevention is well established. On the contrary, evidence of the MD cardioprotective effect in secondary prevention is much less recognized. Aim: The primary aim of this study was to explore the effect of a MD in CAD patients in a comprehensive way that includes evaluation of classical CAD risk factors (total cholesterol, LDL and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure, weight, glucose levels) and ?non classical? factors as inflammation, oxidative stress status, gut microbiota and alternative lipids classes. Secondary aims were to define the correlation between level of MD adherence and the induced modifications. In addition, the application of an untargeted metabolomics approach was used to evidence molecular mechanisms involved in MD cardioprotection. Materials and methods: This is a parallel-group, randomized, open-label, interventional trial to assess the effects of the MD, on CAD patients, compared to a low-fat diet (LFD). 130 CAD patients have been enrolled and randomized into the two groups (MD vs LFD). Diets effects have been evaluated comparing different features before (T0) and three months after the dietary treatments (T3). Results: The dietary treatments were able to reduce BMI, waist circumference and lipid peroxidation. Specifically, the MD allowed to decrease systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides levels. At T3 lower levels of C-reactive protein, reflecting inflammation, have been evidenced in the MD group. Furthermore, the MD intervention induced an increment of betaine, several phosphatidylcholines, lysophosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines. These compounds have been previously correlated to lower CVD risk. Conclusions and relevance: These data suggest a positive effect of MD on CAD patients that can be the results of improving different antiatherogenic features. Their synergy could be the most important determinant of the MD positive effect. This study suggests that, a wider dissemination of Mediterranean diet should be advised as lifestyle change parallel to drug therapy in secondary CAD prevention.
Design and Analysis of LC Oscillators using CCC Method
Creators: name: E N, ganesh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 90699 Electrical and Electronic Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this article, we introduce a new sinusoidal LC oscillator using a single compound current conductor and a grounded LC element. The proposed circuit has the following advantages: (1) small effect of load on oscillator parameters, (2) ability to independently fine-tune both oscillation frequency and oscillation state by grounding a capacitor (or inductor) and resistor, (3) low output resistance , (4) the minimum number of external passive elements (two resistors and one LC tank). Recommendations for designing this type of analog circuit are based on simulation modeling and symbolic analysis of the characteristic equations. Experimental results confirming theoretical analysis are given
Analytical solution for Klein-Gordon equation and action function of the solution for Dirac equation in counter-propagating laser waves
Creators: name: Hu, Huayu
name: Huang, Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonperturbative calculation of QED processes participated by a strong electromagnetic field, especially provided by strong laser facilities at present and in the near future, generally resorts to the Furry picture with the usage of analytical solutions of the particle dynamical equation, such as the Klein-Gordon equation and Dirac equation. However only for limited field configurations such as a plane-wave field could the equations be solved analytically. Studies have shown significant interests in QED processes in a strong field composed of two counter-propagating laser waves, but the exact solutions in such a field is out of reach. In this paper, inspired by the observation of the structure of the solutions in a plane-wave field, we develop a new method and obtain the analytical solution for the Klein-Gordon equation and equivalently the action function of the solution for the Dirac equation in this field, under a largest dynamical parameter condition that there exists an inertial frame in which the particle free momentum is far larger than the other field dynamical parameters. The applicable range of the new solution is demonstrated and its validity is proven clearly. The result has the advantage of Lorentz covariance, clear structure and close similarity to the solution in a plane-wave field, and thus favors convenient application.
description: 8
Perfluoroalkyl Substances During Pregnancy and Validated Preeclampsia Among Nulliparous Women in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study
Creators: name: Hoppin, Jane A.
name: Eggesbø, Merete
name: Harmon, Quaker
name: Sabaredzovic, Azemira
name: Magnus, Per
name: Engel, Stephanie M.
name: Travlos, Gregory S.
name: Becher, Georg
name: Haug, Line S.
name: Thomsen, Cathrine
name: Baird, Donna D.
name: Wilson, Ralph E.
name: Klungsøyr, Kari
name: Trogstad, Lill I.
name: Longnecker, Matthew P.
name: Richardson, David B.
name: Starling, Anne P.
name: Stuebe, Alison M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent and ubiquitous environmental contaminants, and human exposure to these substances may be related to preeclampsia, a common pregnancy complication. Previous studies have found serum concentrations of PFAS to be positively associated with pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia in a population with high levels of exposure to perfluorooctanoate. Whether this association exists among pregnant women with background levels of PFAS exposure is unknown. Using data from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study conducted by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health, we carried out a study of nulliparous pregnant women enrolled in 2003–2007 (466 cases, 510 noncases) to estimate associations between PFAS concentrations and an independently validated diagnosis of preeclampsia. We measured levels of 9 PFAS in maternal plasma extracted midpregnancy; statistical analyses were restricted to 7 PFAS that were quantifiable in more than 50% of samples. In proportional hazards models adjusted for maternal age, prepregnancy body mass index (weight (kg)/height (m)2), educational level, and smoking status, we observed no strongly positive associations between PFAS levels and preeclampsia. We found an inverse association between preeclampsia and the highest quartile of perfluoroundecanoic acid concentration relative to the lowest quartile (hazard ratio = 0.55, 95% confidence interval: 0.38, 0.81). Overall, our findings do not support an increased risk of preeclampsia among nulliparous Norwegian women with background levels of PFAS exposure.
(100799) Theodore Waterhouse
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
AYMAQLIQ TURIZM BAZARINDA INTEGRATSIYALANǴAN MARKETING KONTSEPTSIYALARIN ÁMELGE ASIRIW BAǴDARLARI
Creators: name: Asanova, Gulnur
name: Abdijalalova, Gulnar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Bul maqalada turizm bazarında marketing kontsepstiyasın ámelge asırıw ózgeshelikleri izertlengen.
Additional file 1 of Understanding surgical antimicrobial prescribing behaviour in the hospital setting: a systematic review and meta-ethnography protocol
Creators: name: Parker, Hazel
name: Frost, Julia
name: Britten, Nicky
name: Robinson, Sophie
name: Mattick, Karen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. PRISMA-P 2015 Checklist
Functional properties and arrangement of apicomplexan tubulin and the action of anti-tubulin compounds as chemotherapeutic agents
Creators: name: Chakrabarti, Rimi
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Human malaria and bovine babesiosis are caused by apicomplexan parasites Plasmodium falciparum and Babesia bovis respectively. These two parasites show very similar pathogenesis which is significantly influenced by their apical complex. Members of the apical complex; rhoptry, microneme, apical polar rings and microtubules are intricately involved in the parasite’s biology and are essential for viability and pathogenicity. Apicomplexan microtubules have previously been suggested as plausible drug targets based on several factors. In this study, we have attempted to asses i) the functional role of P. falciparum and B. bovis microtubular system in the parasite’s biology and ii) the feasibility of antimicrotubule drugs as potential antiparasitic agents. Parasite microtubular structures were visualised during different stages of the lifecycle using confocal microscopy. These temporal data have led to better understanding of the potential role played by parasite microtubules in nuclear and apicoplast segregation, maintenance of cell integrity and invasion. The antimicrotubule drugs used on P. falciparum were predicted by in silico docking to bind to well-defined domains of the tubulin dimer. This docking data provides a structure-activity relationship for the binding of antimicrotubule ligands to specific sites and the consequent phenotypic effects as observed by immunofluorescence. The in silico data is also supported by in vitro combination assays displaying antagonism between competing ligands binding to the same site. Growth inhibition studies performed with antimicrotubule drugs leads to the hypothesis that the action of these drugs on their own are too slow to be clinically useful as antimalarials. Their action is recognisable only in the second cycle of parasite division following addition of the drug. However the slow, lingering activity of these drugs could be complementary for fast acting, artemisinin derivatives having short half life. Resistance against current chemotherapeutic agents, residue issues and absence of a globally effective vaccine necessitates the need for increased research efforts on novel effective drugs like microtubule inhibitory agents. Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the Monash University, Australia and Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India.
Recruitment of Women in the National Children's Study Initial Vanguard Study
Creators: name: Sweeney, Carol
name: Entwisle, Barbara
name: Durkin, Maureen
name: Baker, Dean
name: Park, Christina
name: McCormack, Lacey
name: Brenner, Ruth
name: Dabelea, Dana
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The initial Vanguard Study of the National Children's Study was conducted during 2009–2010 in 7 locations in the United States. A goal was to evaluate the feasibility and yield of a household-based sampling design to recruit pregnant women. A multistage area probability sampling design was used to identify study locations (generally, counties) that were subsequently divided into smaller geographical units, termed segments. Between 7 and 18 segments were selected in each location, and dwelling units within segments were listed. A household-based recruitment process was implemented, which included enumeration of households to identify age-eligible women, pregnancy screening to identify pregnant women eligible for immediate enrollment and nonpregnant women for telephone follow-up, and administration of informed consent to eligible women. After a recruitment period of 17–20 months, 67,181 (89%) households were enumerated, which identified 34,172 (88%) age-eligible women to whom the pregnancy screener was administered. Among those who completed the screener, 2,285 women became eligible for enrollment, of whom 1,399 (61%) enrolled. Although response rates were fairly high at initial contact and among pregnant women, the overall yield was lower than anticipated. In particular, telephone follow-up of nonpregnant women was not a practicable strategy for prospective recruitment of newly pregnant women.
The novel encounter : visualising memories of home
Creators: name: Salen, Pamela
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: The Novel Encounter: Visualising Memories of Home is a personal examination of both the absence and presence of home. I explore the concept of home through the lens of memory as well as a representation of mundane space. I approach these concepts from the perspective that home is not necessarily a fixed or ideal place, but rather an on-going pursuit underpinned by the tension between preservation and transformation. Within these parameters, I define home as a self-referential process whereby memory and autobiography are integral. Home and memory are reconceptualised through visual language as a hybrid of image and narrative. Central to my research is how visual communicators can engage with and articulate home and memory as a portable artefact and a core subject for storytelling, which embraces ambiguity and the potential for loss through the abstract and poetic language of the photogram and the fragility of paper. Building on the work of philosophers and theorists, I examine how psychological, phenomenological, autobiographical, and practical contributions about home and memory inform my studio investigation. Artists and designers who have framed home and memory as a subject, with a particular focus on empty interiors, absence and the repetitiveness of the ordinary, are explored. I outline where these concepts and practices intersect with the language of visual communication and examine how an autobiographical investigation of home through memory can enter into this domain. To address these questions, my studio work aims through a combination of photograms, cut-paper typography, illustrations, and paper sculpture to develop a method of recording, cataloguing and reconceptualising memory set within the rooms where personal life is lived. My research seeks to contribute to new knowledge in the practice and education of visual communication, which combines visualisation, narrative, experiential and material aspects of domestic space with the ephemeral qualities of memory. I argue that home, memory and autobiography as a genre of visual communication support opportunities for authorship and in doing so it enrich methodologies of storytelling.
Replication of Breast Cancer Susceptibility Loci in Whites and African Americans Using a Bayesian Approach
Creators: name: Bensen, Jeannette T.
name: Herring, Amy H.
name: O'Brien, Katie M.
name: Cole, Stephen R.
name: Poole, Charles
name: Millikan, Robert C.
name: Engel, Lawrence S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and candidate gene analyses have led to the discovery of several dozen genetic polymorphisms associated with breast cancer susceptibility, many of which are considered well-established risk factors for the disease. Despite attempts to replicate these same variant-disease associations in African Americans, the evaluable populations are often too small to produce precise or consistent results. We estimated the associations between 83 previously identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and breast cancer among Carolina Breast Cancer Study (1993–2001) participants using maximum likelihood, Bayesian, and hierarchical methods. The selected SNPs were previous GWAS hits (n = 22), near-hits (n = 19), otherwise well-established risk loci (n = 5), or located in the same genes as selected variants (n = 37). We successfully replicated 18 GWAS-identified SNPs in whites (n = 2,352) and 10 in African Americans (n = 1,447). SNPs in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 gene (FGFR2) and the TOC high mobility group box family member 3 gene (TOX3) were strongly associated with breast cancer in both races. SNPs in the mitochondrial ribosomal protein S30 gene (MRPS30), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1 gene (MAP3K1), zinc finger, MIZ-type containing 1 gene (ZMIZ1), and H19, imprinted maternally expressed transcript gene (H19) were associated with breast cancer in whites, and SNPs in the estrogen receptor 1 gene (ESR1) and H19 gene were associated with breast cancer in African Americans. We provide precise and well-informed race-stratified odds ratios for key breast cancer–related SNPs. Our results demonstrate the utility of Bayesian methods in genetic epidemiology and provide support for their application in small, etiologically driven investigations.
Supplementary Material for Fear of a Quiet Coyote from Sensory integration of danger and safety cues may explain the fear of a quiet coyote
Creators: name: Smith, Jennifer E.
name: Carminito, Chelsea
name: Hamilton, Shea
name: Newcomb, Kate Lee
name: Randt, Clare
name: Travenick, Sarah
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: Ecology not elsewhere classified
Animal Behaviour

description: Table S1. — Factors predicting investigating and vigilance by ground squirrels
Additional file 1 of Serum miRNA125a-5p, miR-125b-5p, and miR-433-5p as biomarkers to differentiate between posterior circulation stroke and peripheral vertigo
Creators: name: Naruchorn Kijpaisalratana
name: Pattaraporn Nimsamer
name: Ariya Khamwut
name: Sunchai Payungporn
name: Trairak Pisitkun
name: Aurauma Chutinet
name: Nattawan Utoomprurkporn
name: Kerr, Stephen J.
name: Pakkawan Vongvasinkul
name: Nijasri C. Suwanwela
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Method. Supplementary Result. Table 1. Spearman’s correlation coefficients for each miRNA combination. Table 2. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression for diagnosis of stroke. Table 3. Spearman’s correlation coefficients for the association between miRNA levels and NIHSS. Table 4. Spearman’s correlation coefficients for the association between miRNA levels and infarction volume. Table 5. Spearman’s correlation coefficients for the association between miRNA level and onset to blood collection time. Table 6. P values of the AUROC comparison between individual miRNA levels and a combination of miRNAs. Figure 1. Venn diagram of potential miRNA candidates. Figure 2. AUROC of potential miRNA candidates.
The Role of Prediction Modeling in Propensity Score Estimation: An Evaluation of Logistic Regression, bCART, and the Covariate-Balancing Propensity Score
Creators: name: Brookhart, M. Alan
name: Funk, Michele Jonsson
name: Ellis, Alan R.
name: Wyss, Richard
name: Girman, Cynthia J.
name: LoCasale, Robert
name: Stürmer, Til
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The covariate-balancing propensity score (CBPS) extends logistic regression to simultaneously optimize covariate balance and treatment prediction. Although the CBPS has been shown to perform well in certain settings, its performance has not been evaluated in settings specific to pharmacoepidemiology and large database research. In this study, we use both simulations and empirical data to compare the performance of the CBPS with logistic regression and boosted classification and regression trees. We simulated various degrees of model misspecification to evaluate the robustness of each propensity score (PS) estimation method. We then applied these methods to compare the effect of initiating glucagonlike peptide-1 agonists versus sulfonylureas on cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in the US Medicare population in 2007–2009. In simulations, the CBPS was generally more robust in terms of balancing covariates and reducing bias compared with misspecified logistic PS models and boosted classification and regression trees. All PS estimation methods performed similarly in the empirical example. For settings common to pharmacoepidemiology, logistic regression with balance checks to assess model specification is a valid method for PS estimation, but it can require refitting multiple models until covariate balance is achieved. The CBPS is a promising method to improve the robustness of PS models.
(100796) Mary Waterhouse
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
A Cautionary Note About Estimating Effects of Secondary Exposures in Cohort Studies
Creators: name: Platt, R. W.
name: Cole, S. R.
name: Schisterman, E. F.
name: Westreich, D.
name: Ahrens, K. A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Cohort studies are often enriched for a primary exposure of interest to improve cost-effectiveness, which presents analytical challenges not commonly discussed in epidemiology. In this paper, we use causal diagrams to represent exposure-enriched cohort studies, illustrate a scenario wherein the risk ratio for the effect of a secondary exposure on an outcome is biased, and propose an analytical method for correcting for such bias. In our motivating example, maternal smoking (Z) is a cause of fetal growth restriction (X), which subsequently affects preterm birth (Y) (i.e., Z → X → Y); strong positive associations exist between both Z, X and X, Y; and enrichment for X increases its prevalence from 10% to 50%. In the X-enriched cohort, unadjusted and X-adjusted analyses lead to bias in the risk ratio for the total effect of Z on Y. After application of inverse probability weights, the bias is corrected, with a small loss of efficiency in comparison with a same-sized study without X-enrichment. With increasing interest in conducting secondary analyses to reduce research costs, caution should be employed when analyzing studies that have already been enriched, intentionally or unintentionally, for a primary exposure of interest. Causal diagrams can help identify scenarios in which secondary analyses may be biased. Inverse probability weights can be used to remove the bias.
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome
Creators: name: Dr. Madhu Shivhare , Shashank Vishvakarma , Dr. Nitin Bajaj , Jagmohan Rajput and Vivek
Publisher: name: The Science world a Monthly e magazine
Year: 2024

description: PRRS is an acronym (porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome) for a viral disease characterized by two overlapping clinical presentations, reproductive impairment or failure in breeding animals, and respiratory disease in pigs of any age. PRRS is the most economically significant disease to affect US swine production since the eradication of classical swine fever (CSF). The PRRS virus is an enveloped RNA virus in the genus Arterivirus, classified in the virus family, Arteriviridae. There is considerable heterogeneity in the genome of the PRRS virus because of inherent errors common in transcription of RNA.
A Dynamic Panel Model of the Associations of Sweetened Beverage Purchases With Dietary Quality and Food-Purchasing Patterns
Creators: name: Piernas, Carmen
name: Ng, Shu Wen
name: Mendez, Michelle A.
name: Popkin, Barry M.
name: Gordon-Larsen, Penny
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Investigating the association between consumption of sweetened beverages and dietary quality is challenging because issues such as reverse causality and unmeasured confounding might result in biased and inconsistent estimates. Using a dynamic panel model with instrumental variables to address those issues, we examined the independent associations of beverages sweetened with caloric and low-calorie sweeteners with dietary quality and food-purchasing patterns. We analyzed purchase data from the Homescan survey, an ongoing, longitudinal, nationally representative US survey, from 2000 to 2010 (n = 34,294). Our model included lagged measures of dietary quality and beverage purchases (servings/day in the previous year) as exposures to predict the outcomes (macronutrient (kilocalories per capita per day; %), total energy, and food purchases) in the next year after adjustment for other sociodemographic covariates. Despite secular declines in purchases (kilocalories per capita per day) from all sources, each 1-serving/day increase in consumption of either beverage type resulted in higher purchases of total daily kilocalories and kilocalories from food, carbohydrates, total sugar, and total fat. Each 1-serving/day increase in consumption of either beverage was associated with more purchases of caloric-sweetened desserts or sweeteners, which accounted for a substantial proportion of the increase in total kilocalories. We concluded that consumers of both beverages sweetened with low-calorie sweeteners and beverages sweetened with caloric sweeteners had poorer dietary quality, exhibited higher energy from all purchases, sugar, and fat, and purchased more caloric-sweetened desserts/caloric sweeteners compared with nonconsumers.
Balancing Contamination and Referral Bias in a Randomized Clinical Trial: An Application of Pseudo-Cluster Randomization
Creators: name: Thielman, Nathan M.
name: Gaynes, Bradley N.
name: Heine, Amy
name: Quinlivan, Evelyn B.
name: Turner, Elizabeth L.
name: Pence, Brian W.
name: Mugavero, Michael J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: In randomized trials of provider-focused clinical interventions, treatment allocation often cannot be blinded to participants, study staff, or providers. The choice of unit of randomization (patient, provider, or clinic) entails tradeoffs in cost, power, and bias. Provider- or clinic-level randomization can minimize contamination, but it incurs the equally problematic potential for referral bias; that is, because arm assignment of future participants generally cannot be concealed, differences between arms may arise in the types of patients enrolled. Pseudo-cluster randomization is a novel study design that balances these competing validity threats. Providers are randomly assigned to an imbalanced proportion of intervention-arm participants (e.g., 80% or 20%). Providers can be masked to the imbalance, avoiding referral bias. Contamination is reduced because only a minority of control-arm participants are treated by majority-intervention providers. Pseudo-cluster randomization was implemented in a randomized trial of a decision support intervention to manage depression among patients receiving human immunodeficiency virus care in the southern United States in 2010–2014. The design appears successful in avoiding referral bias (participants were comparable between arms on important characteristics) and contamination (key depression treatment indicators were comparable between usual care participants managed by majority-intervention and majority-usual care providers and were markedly different compared with intervention participants).
Essays on investment and house prices
Creators: name: Tran, Thang Long
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: This thesis combines four related essays that examine investment activities and housing dynamics in Australia. The first essay investigates the key drivers of Australian aggregate business investment. Tobin’s q, income, cash flow and uncertainty impacts on investment are determined and disentangled. Uncertainty and demand constraints are revealed to be highly significant for investment over business cycle frequencies. The second essay examines the firm-level investment determinants of listed non-financial companies in the Australian stock market. Although both having negative effects on firm investment, firm specific uncertainty is more important in explaining firm investment than macroeconomic uncertainty. The third essay analyses the price dynamics of the Australian housing market during the last three decades using a housing behavioral economic model based on nominal variables and the behavior of house buyers. The empirical evidence shows that the proposed model is equivalent or even better than other conventional models in explaining house price dynamics. In the last essay, private housing investment in Australia since the 1980s is investigated using Tobin’s q and stock-flow models. A long-term co-integration relationship between Tobin’s q and the investment ratio, as posited by q theory is not found, while changes in q have an impact on investment in the short-term. The determinants extracted from the stock-flow model explain the movement of housing investment. Uncertainty and construction costs are revealed not to be highly significant for investment. There is evidence of a positive correlation between investment and business cycles.
EXPLORING THE MAIN CHALLENGES  IN COMPARATIVE TRANSLATION
Creators: name: Qalandarova, Shahzoda
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This article delves into the complexities of comparative translation, highlighting the main challenges that translators face when working with multiple target languages or comparing different translations of the same source text. It touches on the difficulties related to cultural nuances, idiomatic expressions, linguistic structures, contextual ambiguity, stylistic choices, technical terminology, and the potential loss of nuance. Readers gain valuable insights into the intricacies of translation and the critical role of the translator in preserving both meaning and cultural context in a multilingual context. This article is a must-read for those interested in the art and challenges of translation in our globalized world.
Counterpoint: The Treatment Decision Design
Creators: name: Brookhart, M. Alan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: The comparative new-user design is a principled approach to learning about the relative risks and benefits of starting different treatments in patients who have no history of use of the treatments being studied. Vandenbroucke and Pearce (Am J Epidemiol. 2015;182(10):826–833) discuss some problems inherent in incident exposure designs and argue that epidemiology may be harmed by a rigid requirement that follow-up can only begin at first exposure. In the present counterpoint article, a range of problems in pharmacoepidemiology that do not necessarily require that observation begin at first exposure are discussed. For example, among patients who are past or current users of a medication, we might want to know whether treatment should be augmented, switched, restarted, or discontinued. To answer these questions, a generalization of the new-user design, the treatment decision design, which identifies cohorts anchored at times when treatment decisions are being made, such as the evaluation of laboratory parameters, is discussed. The design aims to provide estimates that are directly relevant to physicians and patients, helping them to better understand the risks and benefits of the different treatment choices that they are considering.
Epidemiology's Continuing Contribution to Public Health: The Power of “Then and Now”
Creators: name: Hogue, Carol R.
name: Bloom, Michael S.
name: Gatto, Nicolle M.
name: Louis, Germaine M.Buck
name: Zhang, Cuilin
name: Westreich, Daniel J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: The 47th annual meeting of the Society for Epidemiologic Research hosted 17 invited speakers charged by the Executive Committee with presenting some of the many ways that epidemiologists have improved the health of the general population. There were 9 “Then and Now” sessions that were structured to focus on how early epidemiologists overcame research hurdles and advanced health through innovative strategies. For most topics, a longstanding expert was paired with an excellent contemporary epidemiologist working in the area, and both were given the freedom to deliver an integrated story about epidemiology's temporal role in protecting and promoting public health. Epidemiologic discoveries in cardiovascular, cancer, and perinatal epidemiology were discussed on day 1, followed by discussions of accomplishments in reducing exposures that adversely impact health (nutrition, environment/occupation, and tobacco use) on day 2. Topics with relevancy for many aspects of epidemiology were presented on day 3, including infectious diseases, social forces, and causal thinking in epidemiologic research. Given the large number of outstanding senior and junior epidemiologists that attended the meeting, choosing speakers was a unique challenge. What became evident from all sessions was the passion that epidemiologists have for population health, tempered with concerns for remaining true to epidemiologic principles, the timely adoption of innovative methods, and the responsible interpretation of research findings.
Wide field of view CT: clinical impact in medical imaging
Creators: name: Troupis, John Mikey
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Although Computer Tomography (CT) has been widely used for medical imaging over the previous thirty years, recent advances in the superior to inferior coverage of multidetector systems have contributed to the introduction of wide field of view CT units. The immediate clinical benefit of wide field of view is the ability to apply the scan to a region of interest with a view to avoiding table motion, should the coverage with one gantry rotation be adequate. We considered investigating wide field of view CT and determining other potential benefits, which may not be readily visible. Areas of interest include myocardial tissue and the ability to assess density of the entire heart at the same point in time, brain perfusion and joint motion assessment. We determined that certain absolute parameters for imaging the heart with regard to temporal resolution no longer need to be met, and establishment of baseline myocardial density values were of importance considering the significant impact of volumetric imaging in the setting of myocardial perfusion and both rest and stress assessment. Baseline measurements for previously poorly assessed and poorly understood joints were determined, including the acromioclavicular and wrist joints. A significant benefit of investigating abnormal wrist motion was the discovery of a clinical entity which has previously not been appreciated, that of trigger lunate syndrome. We propose that wide field of view CT, and in particular 4D CT, have a significant benefit in clinical imaging, and that 4D CT may be considered a new imaging technique allowing us to visualize and examine motion and perfusion disorders which have previously either been not possible or significantly limited.
Estimation of the Standardized Risk Difference and Ratio in a Competing Risks Framework: Application to Injection Drug Use and Progression to AIDS After Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy
Creators: name: Brookhart, M. Alan
name: Eron, Joseph J.
name: Kitahata, Mari M.
name: Lau, Bryan
name: Cole, Stephen R.
name: Mugavero, Michael J.
name: Mathews, William C.
name: Martin, Jeffrey N.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: There are few published examples of absolute risk estimated from epidemiologic data subject to censoring and competing risks with adjustment for multiple confounders. We present an example estimating the effect of injection drug use on 6-year risk of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) after initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy between 1998 and 2012 in an 8-site US cohort study with death before AIDS as a competing risk. We estimate the risk standardized to the total study sample by combining inverse probability weights with the cumulative incidence function; estimates of precision are obtained by bootstrap. In 7,182 patients (83% male, 33% African American, median age of 38 years), we observed 6-year standardized AIDS risks of 16.75% among 1,143 injection drug users and 12.08% among 6,039 nonusers, yielding a standardized risk difference of 4.68 (95% confidence interval: 1.27, 8.08) and a standardized risk ratio of 1.39 (95% confidence interval: 1.12, 1.72). Results may be sensitive to the assumptions of exposure-version irrelevance, no measurement bias, and no unmeasured confounding. These limitations suggest that results be replicated with refined measurements of injection drug use. Nevertheless, estimating the standardized risk difference and ratio is straightforward, and injection drug use appears to increase the risk of AIDS.
(100798) Ann Waterhouse
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
JADES Imaging of GN-z11: Revealing the Morphology and Environment of a Luminous Galaxy 430 Myr After the Big Bang
Creators: name: Tacchella, Sandro
name: Eisenstein, Daniel J.
name: Hainline, Kevin
name: Johnson, Benjamin D.
name: Baker, William M.
name: Helton, Jakob M.
name: Robertson, Brant
name: Suess, Katherine A.
name: Chen, Zuyi
name: Nelson, Erica
name: Puskás, Dávid
name: Sun, Fengwu
name: Alberts, Stacey
name: Egami, Eiichi
name: Hausen, Ryan
name: Rieke, George
name: Rieke, Marcia
name: Shivaei, Irene
name: Williams, Christina C.
name: Willmer, Christopher N. A.
name: Bunker, Andrew
name: Cameron, Alex J.
name: Carniani, Stefano
name: Charlot, Stephane
name: Curti, Mirko
name: Curtis-Lake, Emma
name: Looser, Tobias J.
name: Maiolino, Roberto
name: Maseda, Michael V.
name: Rawle, Tim
name: Rix, Hans-Walter
name: Smit, Renske
name: Übler, Hannah
name: Willott, Chris
name: Witstok, Joris
name: Baum, Stefi
name: Bhatawdekar, Rachana
name: Boyett, Kristan
name: Danhaive, A. Lola
name: de Graaff, Anna
name: Endsley, Ryan
name: Ji, Zhiyuan
name: Lyu, Jianwei
name: Sandles, Lester
name: Saxena, Aayush
name: Scholtz, Jan
name: Topping, Michael W.
name: Whitler, Lily
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present JWST NIRCam 9-band near-infrared imaging of the luminous $z=10.6$ galaxy GN-z11 from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) of the GOODS-N field. We find a spectral energy distribution (SED) entirely consistent with the expected form of a high-redshift galaxy: a clear blue continuum from 1.5 to 4 microns with a complete dropout in F115W. The core of GN-z11 is extremely compact in JWST imaging. We analyze the image with a two-component model, using a point source and a Sérsic profile that fits to a half-light radius of 200 pc and an index $n=0.9$. We find a low-surface brightness haze about $0.4''$ to the northeast of the galaxy, which is most likely a foreground object but might be a more extended component of GN-z11. At a spectroscopic redshift of 10.60 (Bunker et al. 2023), the comparison of the NIRCam F410M and F444W images spans the Balmer jump. From population synthesis modeling, here assuming no light from an active galactic nucleus, we reproduce the SED of GN-z11, finding a stellar mass of $\sim$$10^{9}~M_{\odot}$, a star-formation rate of $\sim$$20~M_{\odot}~\mathrm{yr}^{-1}$ and a young stellar age of $\sim$$20~\mathrm{Myr}$. As massive galaxies at high redshift are likely to be highly clustered, we search for faint neighbors of GN-z11, finding 9 galaxies out to $\sim$5 comoving Mpc transverse with photometric redshifts consistent with $z=10.6$, and a 10$^{\rm th}$ more tentative dropout only $3''$ away. This is consistent with GN-z11 being hosted by a massive dark-matter halo ($\approx8\times10^{10}~M_{\odot}$), though lower halo masses cannot be ruled out.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Suplemental Figures from Signatures of adaptive decreased virulence of deformed wing virus in an isolated population of wild honeybees (Apis mellifera)
Creators: name: Ray, Allyson M.
name: Gordon, Emma C.
name: Seeley, Thomas D.
name: Rasgon, Jason L.
name: Grozinger, Christina M.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: Evolutionary Biology not elsewhere classified
Genomics

description: Supplemental Figures (1-5)