cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Rapid weight gain after birth predicts life history and reproductive strategy in Filipino males
Creators: name: Kuzawa, C. W.
name: McDade, T. W.
name: Adair, L. S.
name: Lee, N.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Ecological cues during prenatal and postnatal development may allow organisms to adjust reproductive strategy. The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is a prime candidate for adaptive plasticity as a result of its critical period of birth to 6 mo (B6M) in humans and the role of testosterone in the development and maintenance of costly sexually dimorphic somatic and behavioral traits. We hypothesized that weight velocity specific to B6M would predict male life history characteristics, including maturational timing, reproductive hormones, adult size, strength, and sexual activity. Data come from 770 Filipino men (age 20.5–22.5 y) followed since birth, with predictor variables including birth weight and weight velocities calculated at 6-mo intervals during the first 2 y of life. As expected, infants who were breastfed experienced less diarrhea, lived in wealthier households with better hygiene, and grew faster from B6M. Males with rapid B6M growth reached puberty earlier and, as young adults, had higher testosterone levels, were taller, more muscular, and had higher grip strength. They also had sex earlier and were more likely to report having had sex in the past month, resulting in more lifetime sex partners. Relationships between B6M weight gain and physical outcomes were generally not present or weaker in female subjects. We conclude that rapid weight gain specific to the brief postnatal hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal critical period predicts early maturation and sexual activity, elevated hormone production, and more costly adult somatic characteristics among the male subjects in this sample. These findings provide evidence for early life developmental plasticity in male life history and reproductive strategy in humans.
title: Imaging of Psoriatic Arthritis
title: Imagerie dans le Rhumatisme psoriasique
Creators: name: Belkhadir, Samia
Publisher: name: Revue Marocaine de Rhumatologie (RMR)
Year: 2023
Subjects: Rhumatisme psoriasique, Radiographie conventionnelle, Échographie articulaire, imagerie par résonance magnétique, Enthésite, Synovite.

description: Psoriatic arthritis is a very heterogeneous disease. It is often underdiagnosed. Diagnosis is largely based on imaging. Conventional radiography is the investigation of choice in the diagnosis and classification of psoriatic arthritis. But, the radiographic abnormalities that characterize it are only seen in the advanced stages. Musculoskeletal ultrasound has been used for several years. It allows to detect arthritis, erosions but also dactylitis and enthesitis, two anomalies characteristic of RPso. MRI is at the pinnacle of imaging techniques for axial disease. It holds an essential place both in the diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis and in monitoring during treatment. It is important to use its different imaging techniques to assess both structural damage and inflammatory lesions.
description: Le rhumatisme Psoriasique est une maladie très hétérogène. Il est souvent sous-diagnostiqué. Le diagnostic repose en grande partie sur l’imagerie. La radiographie conventionnelle est l’investigation de choix dans le diagnostic et la classification du RPso, mais les anomalies radiographiques qui le caractérisent ne se voient que dans les stades avancés. L’échographie musculosquelettique est utilisée depuis plusieurs années. Elle permet de visualiser les arthrites, les érosions mais aussi la dactylite et l’enthésite, deux anomalies caractéristiques du RPso. L’IRM est au sommet des techniques d’imagerie de la maladie axiale. Elle détient une place essentielle tant dans le diagnostic que dans le suivi au cours du traitement. Il est important de faire appel à ses différentes techniques d’imagerie afin d’évaluer aussi bien les dommages structuraux que les lésions inflammatoires.
Reconstitution of RPA-covered single-stranded DNA-activated ATR-Chk1 signaling
Creators: name: Sancar, A.
name: Mason, A. C.
name: Kemp, M.
name: Lindsey-Boltz, L. A.
name: Wold, M. S.
name: Choi, J.-H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: ATR kinase is a critical upstream regulator of the checkpoint response to various forms of DNA damage. Previous studies have shown that ATR is recruited via its binding partner ATR-interacting protein (ATRIP) to replication protein A (RPA)-covered single-stranded DNA (RPA-ssDNA) generated at sites of DNA damage where ATR is then activated by TopBP1 to phosphorylate downstream targets including the Chk1 signal transducing kinase. However, this critical feature of the human ATR-initiated DNA damage checkpoint signaling has not been demonstrated in a defined system. Here we describe an in vitro checkpoint system in which RPA-ssDNA and TopBP1 are essential for phosphorylation of Chk1 by the purified ATR-ATRIP complex. Checkpoint defective RPA mutants fail to activate ATR kinase in this system, supporting the conclusion that this system is a faithful representation of the in vivo reaction. Interestingly, we find that an alternative form of RPA (aRPA), which does not support DNA replication, can substitute for the checkpoint function of RPA in vitro, thus revealing a potential role for aRPA in the activation of ATR kinase. We also find that TopBP1 is recruited to RPA-ssDNA in a manner dependent on ATRIP and that the N terminus of TopBP1 is required for efficient recruitment and activation of ATR kinase.
Region-specific alterations in brain development in one- to three-year-old boys with fragile X syndrome
Creators: name: Lightbody, A. A.
name: Piven, J.
name: Carter, J. C.
name: Reiss, A. L.
name: Hoeft, F.
name: Cody Hazlett, H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Longitudinal neuroimaging investigation of fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most common cause of inherited intellectual disability and autism, provides an opportunity to study the influence of a specific genetic factor on neurodevelopment in the living human brain. We examined voxel-wise gray and white matter volumes (GMV, WMV) over a 2-year period in 1- to 3-year-old boys with FXS (n = 41) and compared these findings to age- and developmentally matched controls (n = 28). We found enlarged GMV in the caudate, thalamus, and fusiform gyri and reduced GMV in the cerebellar vermis in FXS at both timepoints, suggesting early, possibly prenatal, genetically mediated alterations in neurodevelopment. In contrast, regions in which initial GMV was similar, followed by an altered growth trajectory leading to increased size in FXS, such as the orbital gyri, basal forebrain, and thalamus, suggests delayed or otherwise disrupted synaptic pruning occurring postnatally. WMV of striatal-prefrontal regions was greater in FXS compared with controls, and group differences became more exaggerated over time, indicating the possibility that such WM abnormalities are the result of primary FMRP-deficiency-related axonal pathology, as opposed to secondary connectional dysregulation between morphologically atypical brain structures. Our results indicate that structural abnormalities of different brain regions in FXS evolve differently over time reflecting time-dependent effects of FMRP deficiency and provide insight into their neuropathologic underpinnings. The creation of an early and accurate human brain phenotype for FXS in humans will significantly improve our capability to detect whether new disease-specific treatments can “rescue” the FXS phenotype in affected individuals.
Electroluminescence from a diamond device with ion-beam-micromachined buried graphitic electrodes
Creators: name: Forneris, J.
name: Battiato, A.
name: Monticone, D. Gatto
name: Picollo, F.
name: Amato, G.
name: Boarino, L.
name: Brida, G.
name: Degiovanni, I. P.
name: Enrico, E.
name: Genovese, M.
name: Moreva, E.
name: Traina, P.
name: Verona, C.
name: Verona-Rinati, G.
name: Olivero, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Focused MeV ion microbeams are suitable tools for the direct writing of conductive graphitic channels buried in an insulating diamond bulk, as demonstrated in previous works with the fabrication of multi-electrode ionizing radiation detectors and cellular biosensors. In this work we investigate the suitability of the fabrication method for the electrical excitation of colour centres in diamond. Differently from photoluminescence, electroluminescence requires an electrical current flowing through the diamond sub-gap states for the excitation of the colour centres. With this purpose, buried graphitic electrodes with a spacing of 10 micrometers were fabricated in the bulk of a detector-grade CVD single-crystal diamond sample using a scanning 1.8 MeV He micro-beam. The current flowing in the gap region between the electrodes upon the application of a 250 V bias voltage was exploited as the excitation pump for the electroluminescence of different types of colour centres localized in the above-mentioned gap. The bright light emission was spatially mapped using a confocal optical microscopy setup. The spectral analysis of electroluminescence revealed the emission from neutrally-charged nitrogen-vacancy centres ($NV^0$, $λ_{ZPL}$ = 575 nm), as well as from cluster crystal dislocations (A-band, λ = 400-500 nm). Moreover, an electroluminescence signal with appealing spectral features (sharp emission at room temperature, low phonon sidebands) from He-related defects was detected ($λ_{ZPL}$ = 536.3 nm, $λ_{ZPL}$ = 560.5 nm); a low and broad peak around λ = 740 nm was also observed and tentatively ascribed to Si-V or GR1 centres. These results pose interesting future perspectives for the fabrication of electrically-stimulated single-photon emitters in diamond for applications in quantum optics and quantum cryptography.
Regulators of G-protein Signaling accelerate GPCR signaling kinetics and govern sensitivity solely by accelerating GTPase activity
Creators: name: Willard, F. S.
name: Siderovski, D. P.
name: Kimple, A. J.
name: Kuravi, S.
name: Lambert, N. A.
name: Johnston, C. A.
name: Cappell, S. D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: G-protein heterotrimers, composed of a guanine nucleotide-binding Gα subunit and an obligate Gβγ dimer, regulate signal transduction pathways by cycling between GDP- and GTP-bound states. Signal deactivation is achieved by Gα-mediated GTP hydrolysis (GTPase activity) which is enhanced by the GTPase-accelerating protein (GAP) activity of “regulator of G-protein signaling” (RGS) proteins. In a cellular context, RGS proteins have also been shown to speed up the onset of signaling, and to accelerate deactivation without changing amplitude or sensitivity of the signal. This latter paradoxical activity has been variably attributed to GAP/enzymatic or non-GAP/scaffolding functions of these proteins. Here, we validated and exploited a Gα switch-region point mutation, known to engender increased GTPase activity, to mimic in cis the GAP function of RGS proteins. While the transition-state, GDP·AlF4−-bound conformation of the G202A mutant was found to be nearly identical to wild-type, Gαi1(G202A)·GDP assumed a divergent conformation more closely resembling the GDP·AlF4−-bound state. When placed within Saccharomyces cerevisiae Gα subunit Gpa1, the fast-hydrolysis mutation restored appropriate dose–response behaviors to pheromone signaling in the absence of RGS-mediated GAP activity. A bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) readout of heterotrimer activation with high temporal resolution revealed that fast intrinsic GTPase activity could recapitulate in cis the kinetic sharpening (increased onset and deactivation rates) and blunting of sensitivity also engendered by RGS protein action in trans. Thus Gα-directed GAP activity, the first biochemical function ascribed to RGS proteins, is sufficient to explain the activation kinetics and agonist sensitivity observed from G-protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling in a cellular context.
Sildenafil reverses cardiac dysfunction in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Creators: name: Willis, M. S.
name: Patrucco, E.
name: Minami, E.
name: Beavo, J. A.
name: Froehner, S. C.
name: Adamo, C. M.
name: Dai, D.-F.
name: Percival, J. M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive and fatal genetic disorder of muscle degeneration. Patients with DMD lack expression of the protein dystrophin as a result of mutations in the X-linked dystrophin gene. The loss of dystrophin leads to severe skeletal muscle pathologies as well as cardiomyopathy, which manifests as congestive heart failure and arrhythmias. Like humans, dystrophin-deficient mice (mdx mice) show cardiac dysfunction as evidenced by a decrease in diastolic function followed by systolic dysfunction later in life. We have investigated whether sildenafil citrate (Viagra), a phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, can be used to ameliorate the age-related cardiac dysfunction present in the mdx mice. By using echocardiography, we show that chronic sildenafil treatment reduces functional deficits in the cardiac performance of aged mdx mice, with no effect on normal cardiac function in WT controls. More importantly, when sildenafil treatment was started after cardiomyopathy had developed, the established symptoms were rapidly reversed within a few days. It is recognized that PDE5 inhibitors can have cardioprotective effects in other models of cardiac damage, but the present study reports a prevention and reversal of pathological cardiac dysfunction as measured by functional analysis in a mouse model of DMD. Overall, the data suggest that PDE5 inhibitors may be a useful treatment for the cardiomyopathy affecting patients with DMD at early and late stages of the disease.
Shock fluctuations in flat TASEP under critical scaling
Creators: name: Ferrari, Patrik L.
name: Nejjar, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider TASEP with two types of particles starting at every second site. Particles to the left of the origin have jump rate $1$, while particles to the right have jump rate $α$. When $α<1$ there is a formation of a shock where the density jumps to $(1-α)/2$. For $α<1$ fixed, the statistics of the associated height functions around the shock is asymptotically (as time $t\to\infty$) a maximum of two independent random variables as shown in\cite{FN14}. In this paper we consider the critical scaling when $1-α=a t^{-1/3}$, where $t\gg 1$ is the observation time. In that case the decoupling does not occur anymore. We determine the limiting distributions of the shock and numerically study its convergence as a function of $a$. We see that the convergence to $F_{\rm GOE}^2$ occurs quite rapidly as $a$ increases. The critical scaling is analogue to the one used in the last passage percolation to obtain the BBP transition processes\cite{BBP06}.
description: 26 pages, 5 figures, LaTeX (minor improvements)
Spontaneous Irs1 passenger mutation linked to a gene-targeted SerpinB2 allele
Creators: name: Winn, M. E.
name: Manning, S. L.
name: Westrick, R. J.
name: Korepta, L. M.
name: Dougherty, K. M.
name: Ginsburg, D.
name: Zhu, G.
name: Yang, A. Y.
name: Mohlke, K. L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: In characterizing mice with targeted disruption of the SerpinB2 gene, we observed animals that were small at birth with delayed growth and decreased life expectancy. Although this phenotype cosegregated with homozygosity for the inactive SerpinB2 allele, analysis of homozygous SerpinB2-deficient mice derived from two additional independent embryonic stem (ES) cell clones exhibited no growth abnormalities. Examination of additional progeny from the original SerpinB2-deficient line revealed recombination between the small phenotype (smla) and the SerpinB2 locus. The locus responsible for smla was mapped to a 2.78-Mb interval approximately 30 Mb proximal to SerpinB2, bounded by markers D1Mit382 and D1Mit216. Sequencing of Irs1 identified a nonsense mutation at serine 57 (S57X), resulting in complete loss of IRS1 protein expression. Analysis of ES cell DNA suggests that the S57X Irs1 mutation arose spontaneously in an ES cell subclone during cell culture. Although the smla phenotype is similar to previously reported Irs1 alleles, mice exhibited decreased survival, in contrast to the enhanced longevity reported for IRS1 deficiency generated by gene targeting. This discrepancy could result from differences in strain background, unintended indirect effects of the gene targeting, or the minimal genetic interference of the S57X mutation compared with the conventionally targeted Irs1-KO allele. Spontaneous mutations arising during ES cell culture may be a frequent but underappreciated occurrence. When linked to a targeted allele, such mutations could lead to incorrect assignment of phenotype and may account for a subset of markedly discordant results from experiments independently targeting the same gene.
Three Einstein rings: explicit solution and numerical simulation
Creators: name: Bannikova, Elena Yu.
name: Kotvytskiy, Albert T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigated the effects of gravitational lensing for a system in which a lens is a point mass and a homogeneous disc with a central hole. In such system there is a variety of cases resulting in formation of one, two and three Einstein rings. We found an explicit solution and considered conditions for existence of the second Einstein ring arising on the disc. Numerical modelling of the images was made for various ratios of the central mass to the disc one and for various values of the disc surface density. We also analysed dependence of the magnification factor on a source position for such system. The result of our work can be used in search of astrophysical objects with a toroidal (ring) structure.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Tubulin polyglutamylation is essential for airway ciliary function through the regulation of beating asymmetry
Creators: name: Setou, M.
name: Nakamura, K.
name: Ikegami, K.
name: Ostrowski, L. E.
name: Sato, S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Airway epithelial cilia protect the mammalian respiratory system from harmful inhaled materials by providing the force necessary for effective mucociliary clearance. Ciliary beating is asymmetric, composed of clearly distinguished effective and recovery strokes. Neither the importance of nor the essential components responsible for the beating asymmetry has been directly elucidated. We report here that the beating asymmetry is crucial for ciliary function and requires tubulin glutamylation, a unique posttranslational modification that is highly abundant in cilia. WT murine tracheal cilia have an axoneme-intrinsic structural curvature that points in the direction of effective strokes. The axonemal curvature was lost in tracheal cilia from mice with knockout of a tubulin glutamylation-performing enzyme, tubulin tyrosine ligase-like protein 1. Along with the loss of axonemal curvature, the axonemes and tracheal epithelial cilia from these knockout (KO) mice lost beating asymmetry. The loss of beating asymmetry resulted in a reduction of cilia-generated fluid flow in trachea from the KO mice. The KO mice displayed a significant accumulation of mucus in the nasal cavity, and also emitted frequent coughing- or sneezing-like noises. Thus, the beating asymmetry is important for airway ciliary function. Our find-ings provide evidence that tubulin glutamylation is essential for ciliary function through the regulation of beating asymmetry, and provides insight into the molecular basis underlying the beating asymmetry.
UBR2 mediates transcriptional silencing during spermatogenesis via histone ubiquitination
Creators: name: An, J. Y.
name: Zhang, Y.
name: Zakrzewska, A.
name: Kim, E.-A.
name: Mook-Jung, I.
name: Jiang, Y.
name: Kwon, Y. T.
name: Lee, M. J.
name: Kim, D. E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Ubiquitination of histones provides an important mechanism regulating chromatin remodeling and gene expression. Recent studies have revealed ubiquitin ligases involved in histone ubiquitination, yet the responsible enzymes and the function of histone ubiquitination in spermatogenesis remain unclear. We have previously shown that mice lacking the ubiquitin ligase UBR2, one of the recognition E3 components of the N-end rule proteolytic pathway, are infertile associated with meiotic arrest at prophase I. We here show that UBR2 localizes to meiotic chromatin regions, including unsynapsed axial elements linked to chromatin inactivation, and mediates transcriptional silencing via the ubiquitination of histone H2A. UBR2 interacts with the ubiquitin conjugating enzyme HR6B and its substrate H2A and promotes the HR6B–H2A interaction and the HR6B-to-H2A transfer of ubiquitin. UBR2 and ubiquitinated H2A (uH2A) spatiotemporally mark meiotic chromatin regions subject to transcriptional silencing, and UBR2-deficient spermatocytes fail to induce the ubiquitination of H2A during meiosis. UBR2-deficient spermatocytes are profoundly impaired in chromosome-wide transcriptional silencing of genes linked to unsynapsed axes of the X and Y chromosomes. Our findings suggest that insufficiency in UBR2-dependent histone ubiquitination triggers a pachytene checkpoint system, providing a new insight into chromatin remodeling and gene expression regulation.
Improving the dispersoid distribution and recrystallization resistance of a Zr-containing 6xxx alloy using two-step homogenization
Creators: name: Elasheri, A.
name: Elgallad, E.M.
name: Parson, N.
name: Chen, X.- G.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Hematology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Two-step homogenisation was applied to a 6xxx alloy containing Zr to enhance the characteristics of Zr-bearing dispersoids and recrystallization resistance. The two-step homogenisation treatments were composed of a first step at 400 °C for 48 h and a second step at 500 °C for 2 and 5 h and compared with single-step homogenisation conducted at 500 °C for 2 and 5 h. The dispersoid microstructure was characterised using optical microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopies. The thermomechanical simulator Gleeble 3800 was used to conduct the hot compression tests at 350°C/1.0s−1. To study the recrystallization resistance, post-deformation annealing at 500 °C for 1 h was performed on the deformed samples. The grain structure after deformation and annealing was characterised based on the EBSD technique. The results showed that compared to single-step homogenisation, the dispersoid characteristics were significantly improved using two-step homogenization, where the number density of L12-Al3Zr dispersoids increased by 75–145% while their size decreased by 9–25% and the distribution of the DO22-(Al, Si)3(Zr,Ti) dispersoids became more uniform. The improved characteristics of Zr-bearing dispersoids and the narrower dispersoid-free zones produced by the two-step homogenization significantly improved the recrystallization resistance with a reduction in the recrystallized area fraction reached 85% when compared with single-step homogenisation.
«Из насмешек, угроз…»
Creators: name: Кошелева Ольга Николаевна
name: Маслова Антонина Николаевна
Publisher: name: Вестник Челябинского государственного университета
Year: 2018
Subjects: гендер
маскулинный дискурс
речевое поведение
рэп
коммуникативная ситуация
gender
masculine discourse
verbal behavior
rap
communicative situation

description: Рассматриваются гендерные различия и основные характеристики речевого поведения мужчин и женщин. В ходе анализа текстов песен рэперов Германии выделяются дополнительные отличительные черты мужской речи в рамках маскулинного дискурса. Отмечается, что названные особенности мужской речи не являются непреложными законами, это тенденции употребления. Различия в речи не свидетельствуют, что пол является определяющим фактором коммуникации.
description: The article deals with the gender differences in the speech behavior of men and women, identifies the main characteristics of female and male speech behavior. Different social status and social position, cultural expectations of men and women lead to the differences in the language usage and to the appearance of speech patterns. In the analysis of the example German rap songs’ texts additional distinctive male speech features, which do not contradict the general tendencies of masculine discourse are distinguished. It is noted that the named features of male speech are not invariable and immutable laws, these are only features characteristic of speech, trends of use. Differences in male and female speech are not so significant, they do not show themselves in any speech act and do not indicate that sex is the determining factor of communication.
Spin liquid versus long range magnetic order in the frustrated body-centered tetragonal lattice
Creators: name: Burdin, Sébastien
name: Thomas, Christopher
name: Pépin, Catherine
name: Ferraz, Alvaro
name: Lacroix, Claudine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum Heisenberg model is studied in the geometrically frustrated body-centered tetragonal lattice(BCT lattice) with antiferromagnetic interlayer coupling J1 and intralayer first and second neighbor coupling J2 and J3. We introduce a variational method: each interaction term can be decoupled partially in the purely magnetic Weiss and in the spin-liquid (SL) mean-field channels. We find that the most stable variational solutions correspond to the three different possible long range magnetic orders that are respectively governed by J1, J2, and J3. We characterize three different purely SL non-magnetic solutions that are variationally the second most stable states after the purely magnetic ones. This suggests that quantum fluctuations induced by the frustration between J1-J2-J3 coupling should destroy magnetic orders and stabilize the formation of SL in large areas of parameters. The SL solution governed by J1 breaks the lattice translation symmetry. This Modulated SL is associated to a commensurate ordering wave vector (1,1,1). We discuss the relevance of our results for heavy fermion Uru2Si2 and cuprate superconductors that have a BCT lattice structure. Also, the general variational method introduced here can be applied to any other system where interaction terms can be decoupled in two different mean-field channels.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures, 1 table
Ultrafast solvation dynamics at binding and active sites of photolyases
Creators: name: Li, J.
name: Zhong, D.
name: Wang, L.
name: Chang, C.-W.
name: Tan, C.
name: Sancar, A.
name: Guo, L.
name: Liu, Z.
name: Li, T.
name: Saxena, C.
name: Kao, Y.-T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Dynamic solvation at binding and active sites is critical to protein recognition and enzyme catalysis. We report here the complete characterization of ultrafast solvation dynamics at the recognition site of photoantenna molecule and at the active site of cofactor/substrate in enzyme photolyase by examining femtosecond-resolved fluorescence dynamics and the entire emission spectra. With direct use of intrinsic antenna and cofactor chromophores, we observed the local environment relaxation on the time scales from a few picoseconds to nearly a nanosecond. Unlike conventional solvation where the Stokes shift is apparent, we observed obvious spectral shape changes with the minor, small, and large spectral shifts in three function sites. These emission profile changes directly reflect the modulation of chromophore’s excited states by locally constrained protein and trapped-water collective motions. Such heterogeneous dynamics continuously tune local configurations to optimize photolyase’s function through resonance energy transfer from the antenna to the cofactor for energy efficiency and then electron transfer between the cofactor and the substrate for repair of damaged DNA. Such unusual solvation and synergetic dynamics should be general in function sites of proteins.
Non-gravitational Perturbations and Virtual Impactors: the case of asteroid 2009 FD
Creators: name: Spoto, F.
name: Milani, A.
name: Farnocchia, D.
name: Chesley, S. R.
name: Micheli, M.
name: Valsecchi, G. B.
name: Perna, D.
name: Hainaut, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Asteroid 2009 FD could impact Earth between 2185 and 2196. The long term propagation to the possible impacts and the intervening planetary encounters make 2009 FD one of the most challenging asteroids in terms of hazard assessment. To compute accurate impact probabilities we model the Yarkovsky effect by using the available physical characterization of 2009 FD and general properties of the Near Earth Asteroid population. We perform the hazard assessment with two independent methods: the first method is a generalization of the standard impact monitoring algorithms in use by NEODyS and Sentry, while the second one is based on a Monte Carlo approach. Both methods generate orbital samples in a 7 dimensional space that includes orbital elements and the parameter characterizing the Yarkovsky effect. The highest impact probability is $2.7 \times 10^{-3}$ for an impact during the 2185 Earth encounter. Impacts after 2185 corresponding to resonant returns are possible, the most relevant being in 2190 with a probability of $3 \times 10^{-4}$. Both numerical methods can be used in the future to handle similar cases. The structure of resonant returns and the list of the possible keyholes on the Target Plane of the scattering encounter in 2185 can be predicted by an analytic theory.
Development of an Efficient and Flexible Pipeline for Lagrangian Coherent Structure Computation
Creators: name: Ameli, Siavash
name: Desai, Yogin
name: Shadden, Shawn C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The computation of Lagrangian coherent structures (LCS) has become a standard tool for the analysis of advective transport in unsteady flow applications. LCS identification is primarily accomplished by evaluating measures based on the finite-time Cauchy Green (CG) strain tensor over the fluid domain. Sampling the CG tensor requires the advection of large numbers of fluid tracers, which can be computationally intensive, but presents a large degree of data parallelism. Processing can be specialized to parallel computing architectures, but on the other hand, there is compelling need for robust and flexible implementations for end users. Specifically, code that can accommodate analysis of wide-ranging fluid mechanics applications, while using a modular structure that is easily extended or modified, and facilitates visualization is desirable. We discuss the use of Visualization Toolkit (VTK) libraries as a foundation for object-oriented LCS computation, and how this framework can facilitate integration of LCS computation into flow visualization software such as ParaView. We also discuss the development of CUDA GPU kernels for efficient parallel spatial sampling of the flow map, including optimizing these kernels for better utilization.
2-Adrenoceptor agonist-induced RGS2 expression is a genomic mechanism of bronchoprotection that is enhanced by glucocorticoids
Creators: name: King, E. M.
name: Holden, N. S.
name: Rider, C. F.
name: Siderovski, D. P.
name: Gaunt, D. D.
name: Bell, M. J.
name: Heximer, S. P.
name: Newton, R.
name: Leigh, R.
name: Giembycz, M. A.
name: Johnson, M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: In asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, activation of Gq-protein–coupled receptors causes bronchoconstriction. In each case, the management of moderate-to-severe disease uses inhaled corticosteroid (glucocorticoid)/long-acting β2-adrenoceptor agonist (LABA) combination therapies, which are more efficacious than either monotherapy alone. In primary human airway smooth muscle cells, glucocorticoid/LABA combinations synergistically induce the expression of regulator of G-protein signaling 2 (RGS2), a GTPase-activating protein that attenuates Gq signaling. Functionally, RGS2 reduced intracellular free calcium flux elicited by histamine, methacholine, leukotrienes, and other spasmogens. Furthermore, protection against spasmogen-increased intracellular free calcium, following treatment for 6 h with LABA plus corticosteroid, was dependent on RGS2. Finally, Rgs2-deficient mice revealed enhanced bronchoconstriction to spasmogens and an absence of LABA-induced bronchoprotection. These data identify RGS2 gene expression as a genomic mechanism of bronchoprotection that is induced by glucocorticoids plus LABAs in human airway smooth muscle and provide a rational explanation for the clinical efficacy of inhaled corticosteroid (glucocorticoid)/LABA combinations in obstructive airways diseases.
Beating Abbe diffraction limit in confocal microscopy via non-classical photon statistics
Creators: name: Monticone, D. Gatto
name: Katamadze, K.
name: Traina, P.
name: Moreva, E.
name: Forneris, J.
name: Berchera, I. Ruo
name: Olivero, P.
name: Degiovanni, I. P.
name: Brida, G.
name: Genovese, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We experimentally demonstrate quantum enhanced resolution in confocal fluorescence microscopy exploiting the non-classical photon statistics of single nitrogen-vacancy colour centres in diamond. By developing a general model of super-resolution based on the direct sampling of the kth-order autocorrelation function of the photoluminescence signal, we show the possibility, in some cases, to resolve in principle arbitrarily close emitting centers.
A modest decrease in endothelial NOS in mice comparable to that associated with human NOS3 variants exacerbates diabetic nephropathy
Creators: name: Li, Feng
name: Hiller, Sylvia
name: Smithies, Oliver
name: Takahashi, Nobuyuki
name: Kim, Hyung-Suk
name: Wang, Chih-Hong
name: Maeda, Nobuyo
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Polymorphisms in the human endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene (NOS3) have been associated with advanced nephropathy in diabetic patients and with decreased expression in tissue culture. However, direct proof that modest genetic decreases in eNOS expression worsen diabetic nephropathy is lacking. To investigate this effect, we took advantage of the hybrid vigor and genetic uniformity of the F1 progeny (eNOS+/+, eNOS+/−, or eNOS−/− with or without diabetes) of a cross between heterozygous 129S6/SvEvTac eNOS+/− inbred females and heterozygous C57BL/6J eNOS+/− inbred males carrying the dominant Akita diabetogenic mutation Ins2C96Y/+. Whereas all C57BL/6J inbred eNOS−/− and eNOS+/− diabetic mice died before 5 mo, almost half of the F1 hybrid eNOS−/− and eNOS+/− diabetic mice lived until killed at 7 mo. Heterozygous eNOS+/− diabetic mice expressed ∼35% eNOS mRNA in the kidney and ∼25% glomerular eNOS protein relative to their eNOS+/+ diabetic littermates. These decreases in eNOS elevated blood pressure (BP) but not blood glucose. Urinary albumin excretion, mesangial expansion, glomerulosclerosis, mesangiolysis, and glomerular filtration rate increased in the order: eNOS+/+ Akita < eNOS+/− Akita < eNOS−/− Akita, independently of BP. Glomerular basement membrane thickening depended on increased BP. Renal expression of tissue factor and other inflammatory factors increased with the nephropathy; Nos2 also increased. Surprisingly, however, decreased eNOS expression ameliorated the increases in oxidative stress and tubulointerstitial fibrosis caused by diabetes. Our data demonstrate that a modest decrease in eNOS, comparable to that associated with human NOS3 variants, is sufficient to enhance diabetic nephropathy independently of its effects on BP.
Exotic and conventional mesons from lattice
Creators: name: Prelovsek, Sasa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent results on meson spectroscopy from lattice QCD are reviewed. The emphasis is on interesting states near thresholds like $Z_c^+(3900)$, $X(3872)$ and $D_{s0}^*(2317)$. Another focus is on the meson resonances in light, strange and charm sector, where the resonance masses as well as the strong decay widths are extracted from the lattice.
description: Plenary review talk at MESON 2014, 29th May - 3rd June 2014, Krakow, Poland
The role and contribution of magnetic fields, characterized via their magnetic flux, to the statistical structuring of the solar atmosphere
Creators: name: Li, K. J.
name: Xu, J. C.
name: Feng, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The anomalous heating of the solar upper atmosphere is one of the eight key problems in modern astronomy. Moreover, the stratification of the solar atmosphere is an outstanding key-problem in solar physics. In this study, a hot butterfly-like pattern is found to run through the chromosphere to the corona lying right on top of the magnetic butterfly pattern of sunspots in the photosphere. We thus propose to introduce the term butterfly body to describe the butterfly diagram in the 3-dimensional atmosphere. Besides, we discuss the so-called polar brightening in different layers. It is found to be statistically in anti-phase with the solar cycle in the photosphere and the chromosphere, while in phase with the solar cycle in the corona. Accordingly, we describe the role and relationship of solar magnetic elements of different magnetic flux strengths to explain the statistical structuring of the solar atmosphere with the butterfly body over the solar cycle.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures
title: КЛИНИЧЕСКИЙ СЛУЧАЙ ТЕЧЕНИЯ И ОСЛОЖНЕНИЯ  ВТОРИЧНОГО ПОДОСТРОГО ИНФЕКЦИОННОГО ЭНДОКАРДИТА У ДЕТЕЙ
Creators: name: Эйберман, Александр Семенович
name: Трифонов, Виктор Дорджиевич
name: Черненков, Юрий Валентинович
Publisher: name: Астраханский государственный медицинский университет
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Clinical medicine
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Описаны особенности течения и осложнения инфекционного эндокардита у больного с 7-летнего возраста. Заболевание развилось после длительного нахождения в правом предсердии катетера, после удаления которого заболевание осложнилось инфицированной гематомой и протекало волнообразно. Отмечались клинические проявления миокардита и перикардита. Пациент ежегодно обследовался в стационаре, получал курсы антибактериальной и иммуномодулирующей терапии. В дальнейшем поступал в стационар с жалобами на слабость, утомляемость, снижение толерантности к физической нагрузке, периодические колющие боли в сердце, головные боли. Объективно отмечались: периодический цианоз, тахикардия в покое, аускультативные признаки недостаточности трикуспидального клапана. По данным допплеровской эхо-кардиографии изменения в сердце не прогрессировали.
Accurate sampling and deep sequencing of the HIV-1 protease gene using a Primer ID
Creators: name: Swanstrom, R.
name: Roach, J.
name: Anderson, J. A.
name: Jones, C. D.
name: Jabara, C. B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Viruses can create complex genetic populations within a host, and deep sequencing technologies allow extensive sampling of these populations. Limitations of these technologies, however, potentially bias this sampling, particularly when a PCR step precedes the sequencing protocol. Typically, an unknown number of templates are used in initiating the PCR amplification, and this can lead to unrecognized sequence resampling creating apparent homogeneity; also, PCR-mediated recombination can disrupt linkage, and differential amplification can skew allele frequency. Finally, misincorporation of nucleotides during PCR and errors during the sequencing protocol can inflate diversity. We have solved these problems by including a random sequence tag in the initial primer such that each template receives a unique Primer ID. After sequencing, repeated identification of a Primer ID reveals sequence resampling. These resampled sequences are then used to create an accurate consensus sequence for each template, correcting for recombination, allelic skewing, and misincorporation/sequencing errors. The resulting population of consensus sequences directly represents the initial sampled templates. We applied this approach to the HIV-1 protease (pro) gene to view the distribution of sequence variation of a complex viral population within a host. We identified major and minor polymorphisms at coding and noncoding positions. In addition, we observed dynamic genetic changes within the population during intermittent drug exposure, including the emergence of multiple resistant alleles. These results provide an unprecedented view of a complex viral population in the absence of PCR resampling.
Acute hepatitis A virus infection is associated with a limited type I interferon response and persistence of intrahepatic viral RNA
Creators: name: Brasky, K. M.
name: Zhou, Y.
name: Walker, C. M.
name: Chavez, D.
name: Yamane, D.
name: Lemon, S. M.
name: Lanford, R. E.
name: Perelson, A. S.
name: Feng, Z.
name: Guerra, B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is an hepatotropic human picornavirus that is associated only with acute infection. Its pathogenesis is not well understood because there are few studies in animal models using modern methodologies. We characterized HAV infections in three chimpanzees, quantifying viral RNA by quantitative RT-PCR and examining critical aspects of the innate immune response including intrahepatic IFN-stimulated gene expression. We compared these infection profiles with similar studies of chimpanzees infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), an hepatotropic flavivirus that frequently causes persistent infection. Surprisingly, HAV-infected animals exhibited very limited induction of type I IFN-stimulated genes in the liver compared with chimpanzees with acute resolving HCV infection, despite similar levels of viremia and 100-fold greater quantities of viral RNA in the liver. Minimal IFN-stimulated gene 15 and IFIT1 responses peaked 1–2 wk after HAV challenge and then subsided despite continuing high hepatic viral RNA. An acute inflammatory response at 3–4 wk correlated with the appearance of virus-specific antibodies and apoptosis and proliferation of hepatocytes. Despite this, HAV RNA persisted in the liver for months, remaining present long after clearance from serum and feces and revealing dramatic differences in the kinetics of clearance in the three compartments. Viral RNA was detected in the liver for significantly longer (35 to >48 wk) than HCV RNA in animals with acute resolving HCV infection (10–20 wk). Collectively, these findings indicate that HAV is far stealthier than HCV early in the course of acute resolving infection. HAV infections represent a distinctly different paradigm in virus–host interactions within the liver.
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity is not required for neuronal development but regulates axogenesis during metabolic stress
Creators: name: Viollet, B.
name: Williams, T.
name: Polleux, F.
name: Brenman, J. E.
name: Courchet, J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Mammalian brain connectivity requires the coordinated production and migration of billions of neurons and the formation of axons and dendrites. The LKB1/Par4 kinase is required for axon formation during cortical development in vivo partially through its ability to activate SAD-A/B kinases. LKB1 is a master kinase phosphorylating and activating at least 11 other serine/threonine kinases including the metabolic sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which defines this branch of the kinome. A recent study using a gene-trap allele of the β1 regulatory subunit of AMPK suggested that AMPK catalytic activity is required for proper brain development including neurogenesis and neuronal survival. We used a genetic loss-of-function approach producing AMPKα1/α2-null cortical neurons to demonstrate that AMPK catalytic activity is not required for cortical neurogenesis, neuronal migration, polarization, or survival. However, we found that application of metformin or AICAR, potent AMPK activators, inhibit axogenesis and axon growth in an AMPK-dependent manner. We show that inhibition of axon growth mediated by AMPK overactivation requires TSC1/2-mediated inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Our results demonstrate that AMPK catalytic activity is not required for early neural development in vivo but its overactivation during metabolic stress impairs neuronal polarization in a mTOR-dependent manner.
Tripartite entanglement dynamics and entropic squeezing of a three-level atom interacting with a bimodal cavity field
Creators: name: Faghihi, M. J.
name: Tavassoly, M. K.
name: Harouni, M. Bagheri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we study the interaction between a $Λ$-type three-level atom and two quantized electromagnetic fields which are simultaneously injected in a bichromatic cavity surrounded by a Kerr medium in the presence of the field-field interaction (parametric down conversion) and detuning parameters. By applying a canonical transformation, the introduced model is reduced to a well-known form of the generalized Jaynes-Cummings model. Under particular initial conditions which may be prepared for the atom and the field, the time evolution of state vector of the entire system is analytically evaluated. Then, the dynamics of atom is studied through the evolution of the atomic population inversion. In addition, two different measures of entanglement between the tripartite system (three entities make the system: two field modes and one atom) i.e., von Neumann and linear entropy are investigated. Also, two kinds of entropic uncertainty relations, from which entropy squeezing can be obtained, are discussed. In each case, the influences of the detuning parameters and Kerr medium on the above nonclassicality features are analyzed via numerical results, in detail. It is illustrated that the amount of the above-mentioned physical phenomena can be tuned by choosing the evolved parameters, appropriately.
description: 19 pages