cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Task-Agnostic Structured Pruning of Speech Representation Models
Creators: name: Wang, Haoyu
name: Wang, Siyuan
name: Zhang, Wei-Qiang
name: Suo, Hongbin
name: Wan, Yulong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Self-supervised pre-trained models such as Wav2vec2, Hubert, and WavLM have been shown to significantly improve many speech tasks. However, their large memory and strong computational requirements hinder their industrial applicability. Structured pruning is a hardware-friendly model compression technique but usually results in a larger loss of accuracy. In this paper, we propose a fine-grained attention head pruning method to compensate for the performance degradation. In addition, we also introduce the straight through estimator into the L0 regularization to further accelerate the pruned model. Experiments on the SUPERB benchmark show that our model can achieve comparable performance to the dense model in multiple tasks and outperforms the Wav2vec 2.0 base model on average, with 72% fewer parameters and 2 times faster inference speed.
description: Accepted by INTERSPEECH 2023
Sample metadata at GEOMAR using LinkAhead: From registration to publication
Creators: name: Mittermayer, Felix
name: Spreckelsen, Florian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: At GEOMAR, a multidisciplinary research centre, a large number ofheterogeneous biological and geological samples need to be managed:Among other requirements, their metadata and data need to be stored ina FAIR way, their provenance information as well as their physicallocation in the sample storage need to be available, and scientistsneed to be supported in organizing their sample management andproviding sample metadata in a standardized format to data portalslike Marine Data where samples from different sources are searchable .

We present how GEOMAR's sample metadata schema is implemented in twoinstances of the research data management system LinkAhead. Theworkflow from (pre-)registration of samples prior to a sampling overupdates of samples and storage information to export of metadata forpublication is realized in the form of server-side scripts that can beaccessed by scientists without any programming background fromLinkAhead's web user interface. We show how exporting and updatinginformation of multiple samples is handled by down- and uploading csvfiles, respectively. We also present how extensions of the datamodelthat can be done by curators within the web user interface areautomatically reflected in the LinkAhead crawler responsible for theupload of sample information.
title: Der Streit, Episode 8 - Sauder: Sociology of Luck
Creators: name: Armbruster, André
name: Seyfert, Robert
Publisher: name: DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications online, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Podcast
subject: Soziologie
subject: Review
subject: Besprechungen
subject: 300

description: Der Streit – Podcast über neue soziologische Literatur. Mit Robert und André Armbruster. Michael Sauder legt erstmals eine „Sociology of Luck“ vor (Sociological Theory, 3/2020) und wir fragen: Alles Glück oder doch nur Zufall? Gibt es überhaupt Glück oder ist es nur eine Konstruktion? Wie ‚amerikanisch‘ ist Sauders Aufsatz? Und: Ist eine „Sociology of Luck“ auch gleich eine „Theory of Luck“? All dies und mehr in der neuen Folge „Der Streit“. Musik: zapsplat.com
description: Der Streit - Über neue soziologische Literatur: Podcast
Bayesian inference of strangeon matter using the measurements of PSR J0437-4715 and GW190814
Creators: name: Yuan, Wen-Li
name: Huang, Chun
name: Zhang, Chen
name: Zhou, Enping
name: Xu, Renxin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The observations of compact star inspirals from LIGO/Virgo combined with mass and radius measurements from NICER provide a valuable tool to study the highly uncertain equation of state (EOS) of dense matter at the densities characteristic of compact stars. In this work, we constrain the solid states of strange-cluster matter, called strangeon matter, as the putative basic units of the ground state of bulk strong matter using a Bayesian statistical method, incorporating the mass and radius measurements of PSR J0030+0451, PSR J0740+6620, and the recent data for the $1.4\ M_{\odot}$ pulsar PSR J0437-4715. We also include constraints from gravitational wave events GW170817 and GW190814. Under the prior assumption of a finite number of quarks in a strangeon, $N_{\rm q}$, our analysis reveals that current mass-radius measurements favor a larger $N_{\rm q}$. Specifically, the results support the scenario where a strangeon forms a stable bound state with $N_{\rm q}=18$, symmetric in color, flavor, and spin spaces, compared to the minimum $N_{\rm q}$ prior. The comparative analyses of the posterior EOS parameter spaces derived from three-parameter model and two-parameter model demonstrate a consistent prediction under identical observational constraints. In particular, our results indicate that the most probable values of the maximum mass are found to be $3.58^{+0.16}_{-0.12}\ M_{\odot}$ ($3.65^{+0.18}_{-0.16}\ M_{\odot}$) at $90\%$ confidence level for three-parameter (two-parameter) EOS considering the constraints of GW190814. The corresponding radii for $1.4\ M_{\odot}$ and $2.1\ M_{\odot}$ stars are $12.04^{+0.27}_{-0.31}~\rm km$ ($12.16^{+0.26}_{-0.31}~\rm km$) and $13.43^{+0.31}_{-0.32}~\rm km$ ($13.60^{+0.29}_{-0.34}~\rm km$), respectively. This result may impact interestingly on the research of multiquark states, which could improve our understanding of the nonperturbative strong force.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, Phys. Rev. D (2025) published
Etale descent obstruction and anabelian geometry of curves over finite fields
Creators: name: Creutz, Brendan
name: Voloch, Jose Felipe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11G20, 11G30, 14G05, 14G15

description: Let $C$ and $D$ be smooth, proper and geometrically integral curves over a finite field $F$. Any morphism from $D$ to $C$ induces a morphism of their étale fundamental groups. The anabelian philosophy proposed by Grothendieck suggests that, when $C$ has genus at least $2$, all open homomorphisms between the étale fundamental groups should arise in this way from a nonconstant morphism of curves. We relate this expectation to the arithmetic of the curve $C_K$ over the global function field $K = F(D)$. Specifically, we show that there is a bijection between the set of conjugacy classes of well-behaved morphism of fundamental groups and locally constant adelic points of $C_K$ that survive étale descent. We use this to provide further evidence for the anabelian conjecture by relating it to another recent conjecture by Sutherland and the second author.
title: Wirtschaftsinformatik-Studiengänge an Universitäten in Deutschland: Analyse der Studienanfängerzahlen und Frauenanteile im Vergleich zur Informatik und zu Fachhochschulen
Creators: name: Schauer, Carola
Publisher: name: DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications online, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 00
subject: 000

description: Das Fach Wirtschaftsinformatik hat schon seit Jahrzehnten einen festen Platz an den Universitäten in Deutschland. Die Nachfrage nach Absolventen des Fachs ist ungebrochen hoch. Gleichzeitig steht die Disziplin vor der Herausforderung, sich gegenüber anderen anwendungsorientierten Informatikstudiengängen und nicht zuletzt gegenüber den an Fachhochschulen immer stärker werdenden praxisnahen Studienangeboten abzugrenzen. Es gibt bislang kaum Veröffentlichungen, die das Studienfach Wirtschaftsinformatik an Hochschulen in Deutschland empirisch untersuchen. Der vorliegende Forschungsbericht soll diese Lücke füllen, indem er die aktuelle Situation der universitären Wirtschaftsinformatik als Anbieter von grundständigen und weiterführenden Studiengängen in Deutschland beleuchtet. Er nutzt dazu Studierendenzahlen des jüngsten CHE‐Rankings und des statistischen Bundesamtes (2016, 2018, 2019). Die Analyse wertet die Studierendenzahlen und Frauenanteile differenziert nach Bachelor‐ und Masterstudiengängen aus und berücksichtigt dabei auch deren Zugehörigkeit zu bestimmten Fakultäten, zu Bundesländern bzw. Regionen sowie zu bestimmten Hochschultypen. Im Ergebnis wird ein facettenreiches Bild der in vielerlei Hinsicht heterogenen universitären Wirtschaftsinformatik in Deutschland gezeichnet. Vor dem Hintergrund der gewonnenen Einblicke in die Wettbewerbssituation zur benachbarten Informatik sowie zu alternativen Hochschultypen werden abschließend Forschungsfragen für zukünftige Arbeiten formuliert.
description: ICB Research Reports, no. 69
Interpolation and moduli spaces of vector bundles on very general blowups of the projective plane
Creators: name: Coskun, Izzet
name: Huizenga, Jack
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 14J60, 14J26. Secondary: 14D20

description: In this paper, we study certain moduli spaces of vector bundles on the blowup of the projective plane in at least 10 very general points. Moduli spaces of sheaves on general type surfaces may be nonreduced, reducible and even disconnected. In contrast, moduli spaces of sheaves on minimal rational surfaces and certain del Pezzo surfaces are irreducible and smooth along the locus of stable bundles. We find examples of moduli spaces of vector bundles on more general blowups of the projective plane that are disconnected and have components of different dimensions. In fact, assuming the SHGH Conjecture, we can find moduli spaces with arbitrarily many components of arbitrarily large dimension.
title: Die Bedeutung energieintensiver metallurgischer Betriebe: Unter dem Aspekt des Recyclings von Eisen, Stahl und NE-Metallen
Creators: name: Deike, Rüdiger
Publisher: name: DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications online, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 624

description: Die Herstellung von Eisen, Stahl, NE-Metallen und Gussprodukten ist durch einen hohen Anteil an wieder eingesetzten Sekundärrohstoffen (recycled content) gekennzeichnet, die dem Wertstoffkreislauf wieder zugeführt werden. Somit handelt es sich bei diesen Prozessen um absolute Zukunftstechnologien. Denn in den nächsten 50 Jahren wird es die große Aufgabe auf der Welt sein, vor dem Hintergrund eines globalen Strukturwandels, mit wieder zunehmenden Rohstoffverbräuchen, hervorgerufen durch die Industrialisierungen in den Schwellenländern, industrielle Prozesse zu entwickeln, in denen möglichst in weitgehend geschlossenen Rohstoffkreisläufen gearbeitet werden kann. Dass sich wirtschaftliches Wachstum und damit einhergehend auch der Rohstoffverbrauch langfristig eher nach logistischen als nach exponentiellen Funktionen vollzieht, ist sehr deutlich an der globalen Rohstahlproduktion in der Zeit von 1970 – 1995 zu sehen. Die Stahl- und Gießerei-Industrie in Deutschland hat in den letzten Jahrzehnten durch die Erhöhung der Ressourcen und Energieeffizienz in beeindruckender Weise gezeigt, dass eine im Rahmen der gesellschaftlichen Diskussion geforderte Entmaterialisierung, dass nämlich mit weniger Material das gleiche Ergebnis erzielt werden kann, in großindustriellen Prozessen tatsächlich möglich ist. Dabei gehen die Erfolge der Stahl- und Gießerei-Industrie in diesem Sinne noch darüber hinaus, da mit weniger Material bessere Ergebnisse, d. h. höherwertige Stähle und Gussprodukte mit besseren Werkstoffeigenschaften produziert werden, die somit in geringeren Massenanteilen in die Endprodukte (z. B. in der Automobilindustrie) eingehen. Metalle spielen im Hinblick auf das Ziel, industrielle Prozesse zu entwickeln, in denen ähnlich wie in der Natur, Abfälle aus Produktionsprozessen oder nach dem Ende der Nutzung von Produkten zu Ausgangsstoffen in denselben oder anderen Prozessen werden, eine ganz besondere Rolle, da die Metallerzeugung heute schon unter der Nutzung von relativ hohen Anteilen an sekundären Rohstoffen erfolgt. Diese Kreisläufe können unendlich oft durchlaufen werden, da die Qualitäten der Metalle nicht abnehmen, sondern durch Werkstoffforschungsaktivitäten von Recyclingzyklus zu Recyclingzyklus noch weiter zunehmen. Metalle müssen zukünftig in noch stärkerem Maße in Kreisläufen genutzt werden, in dem Verluste im Verlauf des Lebenszyklus eines Metalls reduziert werden. Verluste dieser Art können z. B. durch den Aufbau eines effektiven Sammelsystems für Handys reduziert werden, was aber gesellschaftlich in Deutschland nur dann wirklich Sinn macht, wenn die darin enthaltenen wertvollen Metalle auch in Deutschland in metallurgischen Betrieben, die aber naturgemäß energieintensiv sind, recycelt werden können.
Vibronic fine structure in the nitrogen 1s photoelectron spectra from Franck-Condon simulations II: Indoles
Creators: name: Wei, Minrui
name: Zhang, Lu
name: Tian, Guangjun
name: Hua, Weijie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The vibronic coupling effect in nitrogen 1s X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) was systematically studied for a family of 17 bicyclic indole molecules by combining Franck-Condon simulations (including the Duschinsky rotation effect) and density functional theory. The simulated vibrationally-resolved spectra of 4 molecules agree well with available experiments. Reliable predictions for this family further allowed us to summarize rules for spectral evolution in response to three types of common structural changes (side chain substitution, CH$\leftrightarrow$N replacement, and isomerization). Interestingly, vibronic properties of amine and imine nitrogen are clearly separated: they show negative and positive $Δ$ZPE (zero-point vibration energy of the core-ionized with respect to the ground state), respectively, indicating flatter and steeper PESs induced by the N 1s ionization; amine N's show stronger mode mixing effects than imine N's; the 1s ionizations on two types of nitrogens led to distinct changes in local bond lengths and angles. The rules are useful for a basic understanding of vibronic coupling in this family, and the precise spectra are useful for future reference and data mining studies.
3D-IDS: Doubly Disentangled Dynamic Intrusion Detection
Creators: name: Qiu, Chenyang
name: Geng, Yingsheng
name: Lu, Junrui
name: Chen, Kaida
name: Zhu, Shitong
name: Su, Ya
name: Nan, Guoshun
name: Zhang, Can
name: Fu, Junsong
name: Cui, Qimei
name: Tao, Xiaofeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Network-based intrusion detection system (NIDS) monitors network traffic for malicious activities, forming the frontline defense against increasing attacks over information infrastructures. Although promising, our quantitative analysis shows that existing methods perform inconsistently in declaring various unknown attacks (e.g., 9% and 35% F1 respectively for two distinct unknown threats for an SVM-based method) or detecting diverse known attacks (e.g., 31% F1 for the Backdoor and 93% F1 for DDoS by a GCN-based state-of-the-art method), and reveals that the underlying cause is entangled distributions of flow features. This motivates us to propose 3D-IDS, a novel method that aims to tackle the above issues through two-step feature disentanglements and a dynamic graph diffusion scheme. Specifically, we first disentangle traffic features by a non-parameterized optimization based on mutual information, automatically differentiating tens and hundreds of complex features of various attacks. Such differentiated features will be fed into a memory model to generate representations, which are further disentangled to highlight the attack-specific features. Finally, we use a novel graph diffusion method that dynamically fuses the network topology for spatial-temporal aggregation in evolving data streams. By doing so, we can effectively identify various attacks in encrypted traffics, including unknown threats and known ones that are not easily detected. Experiments show the superiority of our 3D-IDS. We also demonstrate that our two-step feature disentanglements benefit the explainability of NIDS.
description: Published in the proceedings of the KDD 2023 Research Track
Line Bundles on The First Drinfeld Covering
Creators: name: Taylor, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $Ω^d$ be the $d$-dimensional Drinfeld symmetric space for a finite extension $F$ of $\mathbb{Q}_p$. Let $Σ^1$ be a geometrically connected component of the first Drinfeld covering of $Ω^d$ and let $\mathbb{F}$ be the residue field of the unique degree $d+1$ unramified extension of $F$. We show that the natural homomorphism determined by the second Drinfeld covering from the group of characters of $(\mathbb{F}, +)$ to $\text{Pic}(Σ^1)[p]$ is injective. In particular, $\text{Pic}(Σ^1)[p] \neq 0$. We also show that all vector bundles on $Ω^1$ are trivial, which extends the classical result that $\text{Pic}(Ω^1) = 0$.
description: v3: final published version
Wave map null form estimates via Peter-Weyl theory
Creators: name: Taujanskas, Grigalius
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study spacetime estimates for the wave map null form $Q_0$ on $\mathbb{R} \times \mathbb{S}^3$. By using the Lie group structure of $\mathbb{S}^3$ and Peter-Weyl theory, combined with the time-periodicity of the conformal wave equation on $\mathbb{R} \times \mathbb{S}^3$, we extend the classical ideas of Klainerman and Machedon to estimates on $\mathbb{R} \times \mathbb{S}^3$, allowing for a range of powers of natural (Laplacian and wave) Fourier multiplier operators. A key difference in these curved space estimates as compared to the flat case is a loss of an arbitrarily small amount of differentiability, attributable to a lack of dispersion of linear waves on $\mathbb{R} \times \mathbb{S}^3$. This arises in Fourier space from the product structure of irreducible representations of $\mathrm{SU}(2)$. We further show that our estimates imply weighted estimates for the null form on Minkowski space.
description: 36 pages, proof of Lemma B.1 simplified and typos fixed. Version accepted in Journal of Functional Analysis
Difference varieties and the Green-Lazarsfeld Secant Conjecture
Creators: name: Farkas, Gavril
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The Green-Lazarsfeld Secant Conjecture is a generalization of Green's Conjecture on syzygies of canonical curves to the cases of arbitrary line bundles. We establish the Green-Lazarsfeld Secant Conjecture for curves of genus g in all the divisorial case, that is, when the line bundles that fail to be (p+1)-very ample form a divisor in the Jacobian of the curve.
description: 12 pages. Final version, to appear in the Epiga volume dedicated to Claire Voisin
Gravitational collapse in Quadratic Gravity
Creators: name: Cayuso, Ramiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This study explores the gravitational collapse of a massless scalar field within Quadratic Gravity treated as a dimension-four operator Effective Field Theory extension to General Relativity. The additional degrees of freedom associated with the higher derivatives in this theory are removed by an Order Reduction approach, where the truncated expansion nature of the theory is exploited. Through simulations, we find scenarios where solutions remain within the bounds of the Effective Field Theory while displaying significant deviations from General Relativity in the dynamics of curvature invariants during the collapse. Limitations of the approach taken, the Effective Field Theory approximation, and the appearance of instabilities are also discussed.
QbC: Quantum Correctness by Construction
Creators: name: Peduri, Anurudh
name: Schaefer, Ina
name: Walter, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Thanks to the rapid progress and growing complexity of quantum algorithms, correctness of quantum programs has become a major concern. Pioneering research over the past years has proposed various approaches to formally verify quantum programs using proof systems such as quantum Hoare logic. All these prior approaches are post-hoc: one first implements a program and only then verifies its correctness. Here we propose Quantum Correctness by Construction (QbC): an approach to constructing quantum programs from their specification in a way that ensures correctness. We use pre- and postconditions to specify program properties, and propose sound and complete refinement rules for constructing programs in a quantum while language from their specification. We validate QbC by constructing quantum programs for idiomatic problems and patterns. We find that the approach naturally suggests how to derive program details, highlighting key design choices along the way. As such, we believe that QbC can play a role in supporting the design and taxonomization of quantum algorithms and software.
description: v3. 43 pages, latest author version, to appear at OOPSLA 2025
JEN-1: Text-Guided Universal Music Generation with Omnidirectional Diffusion Models
Creators: name: Li, Peike
name: Chen, Boyu
name: Yao, Yao
name: Wang, Yikai
name: Wang, Allen
name: Wang, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Music generation has attracted growing interest with the advancement of deep generative models. However, generating music conditioned on textual descriptions, known as text-to-music, remains challenging due to the complexity of musical structures and high sampling rate requirements. Despite the task's significance, prevailing generative models exhibit limitations in music quality, computational efficiency, and generalization. This paper introduces JEN-1, a universal high-fidelity model for text-to-music generation. JEN-1 is a diffusion model incorporating both autoregressive and non-autoregressive training. Through in-context learning, JEN-1 performs various generation tasks including text-guided music generation, music inpainting, and continuation. Evaluations demonstrate JEN-1's superior performance over state-of-the-art methods in text-music alignment and music quality while maintaining computational efficiency. Our demos are available at https://jenmusic.ai/audio-demos
description: Github Demo Page: https://gogoduck912.github.io/Jen1-Demo-Page/
Solving The Vehicle Routing Problem via Quantum Support Vector Machines
Creators: name: Mohanty, Nishikanta
name: Behera, Bikash K.
name: Ferrie, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is an example of a combinatorial optimization problem that has attracted academic attention due to its potential use in various contexts. VRP aims to arrange vehicle deliveries to several sites in the most efficient and economical manner possible. Quantum machine learning offers a new way to obtain solutions by harnessing the natural speedups of quantum effects, although many solutions and methodologies are modified using classical tools to provide excellent approximations of the VRP. In this paper, we implement and test hybrid quantum machine learning methods for solving VRP of 3 and 4-city scenarios, which use 6 and 12 qubit circuits, respectively. The proposed method is based on quantum support vector machines (QSVMs) with a variational quantum eigensolver on a fixed or variable ansatz. Different encoding strategies are used in the experiment to transform the VRP formulation into a QSVM and solve it. Multiple optimizers from the IBM Qiskit framework are also evaluated and compared.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures, and 2 tables
Instantaneous Quantum Polynomial-Time Sampling and Verifiable Quantum Advantage: Stabilizer Scheme and Classical Security
Creators: name: Bremner, Michael J.
name: Cheng, Bin
name: Ji, Zhengfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sampling problems demonstrating beyond classical computing power with noisy intermediate scale quantum devices have been experimentally realized. In those realizations, however, our trust that the quantum devices faithfully solve the claimed sampling problems is usually limited to simulations of smaller-scale instances and is, therefore, indirect. The problem of verifiable quantum advantage aims to resolve this critical issue and provides us with greater confidence in a claimed advantage. Instantaneous quantum polynomial-time (IQP) sampling has been proposed to achieve beyond classical capabilities with a verifiable scheme based on quadratic-residue codes (QRC). Unfortunately, this verification scheme was recently broken by an attack proposed by Kahanamoku-Meyer. In this work, we revive IQP-based verifiable quantum advantage by making two major contributions. Firstly, we introduce a family of IQP sampling protocols called the stabilizer scheme, which builds on results linking IQP circuits, the stabilizer formalism, coding theory, and an efficient characterization of IQP circuit correlation functions. This construction extends the scope of existing IQP-based schemes while maintaining their simplicity and verifiability. Secondly, we introduce the Hidden Structured Code (HSC) problem as a well-defined mathematical challenge that underlies the stabilizer scheme. To assess classical security, we explore a class of attacks based on secret extraction, including the Kahanamoku-Meyer's attack as a special case. We provide evidence of the security of the stabilizer scheme, assuming the hardness of the HSC problem. We also point out that the vulnerability observed in the original QRC scheme is primarily attributed to inappropriate parameter choices, which can be naturally rectified with proper parameter settings.
description: 37 pages, 5 figures. Accepted by PRX Quantum
Reducing Training Data Needs with Minimal Multilevel Machine Learning (M3L)
Creators: name: Heinen, Stefan
name: Khan, Danish
name: von Rudorff, Guido Falk
name: Karandashev, Konstantin
name: Arrieta, Daniel Jose Arismendi
name: Price, Alastair J. A.
name: Nandi, Surajit
name: Bhowmik, Arghya
name: Hermansson, Kersti
name: von Lilienfeld, O. Anatole
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For many machine learning applications in science, data acquisition, not training, is the bottleneck even when avoiding experiments and relying on computation and simulation. Correspondingly, and in order to reduce cost and carbon footprint, training data efficiency is key. We introduce minimal multilevel machine learning (M3L) which optimizes training data set sizes using a loss function at multiple levels of reference data in order to minimize a combination of prediction error with overall training data acquisition costs (as measured by computational wall-times). Numerical evidence has been obtained for calculated atomization energies and electron affinities of thousands of organic molecules at various levels of theory including HF, MP2, DLPNO-CCSD(T), DFHFCABS, PNOMP2F12, and PNOCCSD(T)F12, and treating tens with basis sets TZ, cc-pVTZ, and AVTZ-F12. Our M3L benchmarks for reaching chemical accuracy in distinct chemical compound sub-spaces indicate substantial computational cost reductions by factors of $\sim$ 1.01, 1.1, 3.8, 13.8 and 25.8 when compared to heuristic sub-optimal multilevel machine learning (M2L) for the data sets QM7b, QM9$^\mathrm{LCCSD(T)}$, EGP, QM9$^\mathrm{CCSD(T)}_\mathrm{AE}$, and QM9$^\mathrm{CCSD(T)}_\mathrm{EA}$, respectively. Furthermore, we use M2L to investigate the performance for 76 density functionals when used within multilevel learning and building on the following levels drawn from the hierarchy of Jacobs Ladder:~LDA, GGA, mGGA, and hybrid functionals. Within M2L and the molecules considered, mGGAs do not provide any noticeable advantage over GGAs. Among the functionals considered and in combination with LDA, the three on average top performing GGA and Hybrid levels for atomization energies on QM9 using M3L correspond respectively to PW91, KT2, B97D, and $τ$-HCTH, B3LYP$\ast$(VWN5), TPSSH.
title: Decrypting China’s Self-Image as “Great Power”
Creators: name: Noesselt, Nele
name: Eckstein, Tanja
name: Priupolina, Elizaveta
Publisher: name: DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications online, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: China
subject: Daguo
subject: National role theory
subject: Russia
subject: Social identity theory
subject: visualized narratives
subject: US
subject: 320

description: This paper explores the visual representation of the Chinese concept of daguo (literally: great power/major power) based on the 2017 CCTV documentary Daguo Waijiao大国外交 (Major Power Diplomacy). Drawing on a combination of select streams of National Role Theory (NRT) and Social Identity Theory (SIT), the paper assesses the Chinese role claims and visualized role performance vis-à-vis two significant others, the Soviet Union/Russia and the US. The coding of select cases of the PRC’s daguo role enactment sheds light on the conceptual, socio-psychological underpinnings of China’s self-identity and global status reflections in the 21st century and hence offers some rare insight into the black box of the hermetically closed Chinese party-state.
description: Working Papers on East Asian Studies, vol. 130
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks Structured Pruning via Gravity Regularization
Creators: name: Ferdi, Abdesselam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Structured pruning is a widely employed strategy for accelerating deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs). However, existing methods often necessitate modifications to the original architectures, involve complex implementations, and require lengthy fine-tuning stages. To address these challenges, we propose a novel physics-inspired approach that integrates the concept of gravity into the training stage of DCNNs. In this approach, the gravity is directly proportional to the product of the masses of the convolution filter and the attracting filter, and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. We applied this force to the convolution filters, either drawing filters closer to the attracting filter (experiencing weaker gravity) toward non-zero weights or pulling filters farther away (subject to stronger gravity) toward zero weights. As a result, filters experiencing stronger gravity have their weights reduced to zero, enabling their removal, while filters under weaker gravity retain significant weights and preserve important information. Our method simultaneously optimizes the filter weights and ranks their importance, eliminating the need for complex implementations or extensive fine-tuning. We validated the proposed approach on popular DCNN architectures using the CIFAR dataset, achieving competitive results compared to existing methods.
Unified framework for continuity of sandwiched Rényi divergences
Creators: name: Bluhm, Andreas
name: Capel, Ángela
name: Gondolf, Paul
name: Möbus, Tim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this work, we prove uniform continuity bounds for entropic quantities related to the sandwiched Rényi divergences such as the sandwiched Rényi conditional entropy. We follow three different approaches: The first one is the "almost additive approach", which exploits the sub-/ superadditivity and joint concavity/ convexity of the exponential of the divergence. In our second approach, termed the "operator space approach", we express the entropic measures as norms and utilize their properties for establishing the bounds. These norms draw inspiration from interpolation space norms. We not only demonstrate the norm properties solely relying on matrix analysis tools but also extend their applicability to a context that holds relevance in resource theories. By this, we extend the strategies of Marwah and Dupuis as well as Beigi and Goodarzi employed in the sandwiched Rényi conditional entropy context. Finally, we merge the approaches into a mixed approach that has some advantageous properties and then discuss in which regimes each bound performs best. Our results improve over the previous best continuity bounds or sometimes even give the first continuity bounds available. In a separate contribution, we use the ALAFF method, developed in a previous article by some of the authors, to study the stability of approximate quantum Markov chains.
description: 46 pages, 2 figures
title: Der Streit, Episode 9 - Go: For a postcolonial sociology
Creators: name: Armbruster, André
name: Seyfert, Robert
Publisher: name: DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications online, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Podcast
subject: Soziologie
subject: Review
subject: Besprechungen
subject: 300

description: Der Streit – Podcast über neue soziologische Literatur. Mit Robert und André Armbruster. In dieser Folge debattieren wir „For a postcolonial sociology“ von Julian Go (2013, Theory & Society). Go formuliert eine postkoloniale Kritik an der Soziologie und präsentiert mit der Relationalen Soziologie auch gleich die Lösung. Aber passen Problem und Lösung zusammen? Welche Rolle spielen dabei Standpunkte und Räume? Musik: zapsplat.com
description: Der Streit - Über neue soziologische Literatur: Podcast
Native approach to controlled-Z gates in inductively coupled fluxonium qubits
Creators: name: Ma, Xizheng
name: Zhang, Gengyan
name: Wu, Feng
name: Bao, Feng
name: Chang, Xu
name: Chen, Jianjun
name: Deng, Hao
name: Gao, Ran
name: Gao, Xun
name: Hu, Lijuan
name: Ji, Honghong
name: Ku, Hsiang-Sheng
name: Lu, Kannan
name: Ma, Lu
name: Mao, Liyong
name: Song, Zhijun
name: Sun, Hantao
name: Tang, Chengchun
name: Wang, Fei
name: Wang, Hongcheng
name: Wang, Tenghui
name: Xia, Tian
name: Ying, Make
name: Zhan, Huijuan
name: Zhou, Tao
name: Zhu, Mengyu
name: Zhu, Qingbin
name: Shi, Yaoyun
name: Zhao, Hui-Hai
name: Deng, Chunqing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fluxonium qubits have emerged as a promising platform for gate-based quantum information processing. However, their extraordinary protection against charge fluctuations comes at a cost: when coupled capacitively, the qubit-qubit interactions are restricted to XX-interactions. Consequently, effective XX- or XZ-interactions are only constructed either by temporarily populating higher-energy states, or by exploiting perturbative effects under microwave driving. Instead, we propose and demonstrate an inductive coupling scheme, which offers a wide selection of native qubit-qubit interactions for fluxonium. In particular, we leverage a built-in, flux-controlled ZZ-interaction to perform qubit entanglement. To combat the increased flux-noise-induced dephasing away from the flux-insensitive position, we use a continuous version of the dynamical decoupling scheme to perform noise filtering. Combining these, we demonstrate a 20 ns controlled-Z (CZ) gate with a mean fidelity of 99.53%. More than confirming the efficacy of our gate scheme, this high-fidelity result also reveals a promising but rarely explored parameter space uniquely suitable for gate operations between fluxonium qubits.
The Pell Tower and Ostronometry
Creators: name: Fokkink, Robbert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11A63, 11B39

description: Conway and Ryba considered a table of bi-infinite Fibonacci sequences and discovered new interesting patterns. We extend their considerations to tables that are defined by the recurrence $X_{n+1}=dX_n+X_{n-1}$ for natural numbers $d$. In our search for new patterns we run into a Red Wall and exotic numeration systems.
Generation of three-dimensional cluster entangled state
Creators: name: Roh, Chan
name: Gwak, Geunhee
name: Yoon, Young-Do
name: Ra, Young-Sik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurement-based quantum computing is a promising paradigm of quantum computation, where universal computing is achieved through a sequence of local measurements. The backbone of this approach is the preparation of multipartite entanglement, known as cluster states. While a cluster state with two-dimensional (2D) connectivity is required for universality, a three-dimensional (3D) cluster state is necessary for additionally achieving fault tolerance. However, the challenge of making 3D connectivity has limited cluster state generation up to 2D. Here we demonstrate deterministic generation of a 3D cluster state based on the photonic continuous-variable platform. To realize 3D connectivity, we harness a crucial advantage of time-frequency modes of ultrafast quantum light: an arbitrary complex mode basis can be accessed directly, enabling connectivity as desired. We demonstrate the versatility of our method by generating cluster states with 1D, 2D, and 3D connectivities. For their complete characterization, we develop a quantum state tomography method for multimode Gaussian states. Moreover, we verify the cluster state generation by nullifier measurements as well as full inseparability tests. Our work paves the way toward fault-tolerant and universal measurement-based quantum computing.
Exact and local compression of quantum bipartite states
Creators: name: Kato, Kohtaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study exact local compression of a quantum bipartite state; that is, applying local quantum operations to reduce the dimensions of the Hilbert spaces while perfectly preserving the correlation. We provide a closed-form expression for the minimal achievable dimensions, formulated as a minimization of the Schmidt rank of a particular pure state constructed from the given state. Numerically tractable upper and lower bounds on this rank are also obtained. As an application, we consider the exact compression of quantum channels. This method enables the analysis of a post-processing step that reduces the output dimensions while retaining the information contained in the original channel's output.
description: 9 pages, 1figure, comments are welcome; accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
Dynamic Behavior of a Multi-Layer Quasi-Geostrophic Model: Weak and Time-Periodic Solutions
Creators: name: Hassainia, Zineb
name: Houamed, Haroune
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The quasi-geostrophic two-layer (QS2L) system models the dynamic evolution of two interconnected potential vorticities, each is governed by an active scalar equation. These vorticities are linked through a distinctive combination of their respective stream functions, which can be loosely characterized as a parameterized blend of both Euler and shallow-water stream functions.
 In this article, we study (QS2L) in two directions: First, we prove the existence and uniqueness of global weak solutions in the class of Yudovich, that is when the initial vorticities are only bounded and Lebesgue-integrable. The uniqueness is obtained as a consequence of a stability analysis of the flow-maps associated with the two vorticities. This approach replaces the relative energy method and allows us to surmount the absence of a velocity formulation for (QS2L). Second, we show how to construct $m$-fold time-periodic solutions bifurcating from two arbitrary distinct initial discs rotating with the same angular velocity. This is achieved provided that the number of symmetry $m$ is large enough, or for any symmetry $m\in \mathbb{N}^*$ as long as one of the initial radii of the discs does not belong to some set that contains, at most, a finite number of elements. Due to its multi-layer structure, it is essential to emphasize that the bifurcation diagram exhibits a two-dimensional pattern. Upon analysis, it reveals some similarities with the scheme accomplished for the doubly connected V-states of the Euler and shallow-water equations. However, the coupling between the equations gives rise to several difficulties in various stages of the proof when applying Crandall-Rabinowitz's Theorem. To address this challenge, we conduct a careful analysis of the coupling between the kernels associated with the Euler and shallow-water equations.
description: 42 pages
title: Genderkompetenz in der öffentlichen Verwaltung: Definition und Umsetzung am Beispiel der beschäftigungsorientierten Beratung
Creators: name: Franzke, Bettina
Publisher: name: DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications online, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 300

description: Journal Netzwerk Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung NRW, vol. 2021, no. 48, p. 23
Higher structures in rational homotopy theory
Creators: name: Berglund, Alexander
name: Stoll, Robin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55-02, 55P62 (Primary) 18M70, 18G85, 16S37, 55S30, 55Q15, 55R40, 55P60 (Secondary)

description: These notes are based on a series of three lectures given (online) by the first named author at the workshop "Higher Structures and Operadic Calculus" at CRM Barcelona in June 2021. The aim is to give a concise introduction to rational homotopy theory through the lens of higher structures.
 The rational homotopy type of a simply connected space of finite type is modeled by a $C_\infty$-algebra structure on the rational cohomology groups, or alternatively an $L_\infty$-algebra structure on the rational homotopy groups. The first lecture is devoted to explaining these models and their relation to the classical models of Quillen and Sullivan.
 The second lecture discusses the relation between Koszul algebras, formality and coformality. The main result is that a space is formal if and only if the rational homotopy $L_\infty$-algebra is Koszul and, dually, a space is coformal if and only if the cohomology $C_\infty$-algebra is Koszul. For spaces that are both formal and coformal, this collapses to classical Koszul duality between Lie and commutative algebras.
 In the third lecture, we discuss certain higher structure in the rational homotopy theory of automorphisms of high dimensional manifolds, discovered by Berglund and Madsen. The higher structure in question is Kontsevich's Lie graph complex and variants of it.
description: 56 pages. Lecture notes for a lecture series given online by the first author at CRM Barcelona in June 2021. v2: Minor changes; published version
title: Does Wearing Hijab Have any Effects on Social Routine Behaviours of Women Across Cultures?: An Observational Study on Women in Germany and Iran
Creators: name: Behravan, Bita
Publisher: name: DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications online, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 300

description: Journal Netzwerk Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung NRW, vol. 2021, no. 48, p. 32
ORIENT stepped wedge trial statistical analysis plan
Creators: name: Kasza, Jessica
name: Grantham, Kelsey
name: Botfield, Jessica
name: Mazza, Danielle
name: Rilloraza, Mae
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2025

description: The statistical analysis plan to inform analysis of the ORIENT trial (ANZCTR Identifier: ACTRN12622000086763)
Dimensional accuracy enhancement of machined-hole through UAECDM-process under the magnetic-field-assistance
Creators: name: Singh, Monika
name: Dvivedi, Akshay
name: Kumar, Pradeep
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified

description: Electrochemical discharge machining (ECDM) is a micro-machining hybrid technique that utilizes electrical discharge and electrochemical machining principles. However, the issue of insufficient electrolyte in the hydrodynamic region hinders the continuation of the machining action. Although ultrasonic tool vibrations have been used to overcome this problem to some extent, the excessive mechanical energy produced by high-amplitude tool vibration may lead to surface crack formations. As a result, the present work employs two flushing improvement methods, namely the ultrasonic vibrations and magnetic filed assistances, in the ECDM process. A comparative study has been performed to identify the effect of the magnetic field on discharge quality. The material removal rate and depth of penetration were increased by 11% and 24%, respectively, and the observed reduction in hole overcut and taper angle was around 35% and 50%, respectively. Optical microscope images quantified improvement in dimensional accuracy and decreased HAZ area.
title: Eine Diagnose, viele Betroffene – geschlechtsspezifische Perspektiven auf die Auswirkungen von Diabetes Mellitus Typ I auf Partnerinnen und Partner im gleichen Haushalt
Creators: name: Fitterer, Vanessa
name: Franzke, Bettina
Publisher: name: DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications online, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 300

description: Journal Netzwerk Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung NRW, vol. 2021, no. 48, p. 50
title: Hochschulleitungsgremien in NRW bis 2021 – Stagnation oder kontinuierliche Steigerung des Frauenanteils?
Creators: name: Herrmann, Jeremia
name: Niegel, Jennifer
Publisher: name: DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications online, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 300

description: Journal Netzwerk Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung NRW, vol. 2021, no. 48, p. 59