cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: A Collection of New Studies Using Existing and Proposed Techniques and Instrumentation for Nondestructive Testing and Analysis of Concrete Materials and Structures
Creators: name: Boone, Shane D
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2008

description: A variety of studies were performed using existing and newly proposed techniques and instrumentation to further the understanding of nondestructive testing of concrete. A new combined stress wave propagation method was developed that combined the existing methods of the spectral analysis of surface waves, impact echo, and free-free resonant column experimental and analysis techniques. The method was used to determine the stiffness profile and location of embedded voids in a concrete tunnel lining modeled as a three layer concrete slab. A new equation was proposed that predicted the level of damage of concrete samples based on the functions of the change in first mode longitudinal frequency and the absorption of energy during cyclic loading to failure. During this study, new instrumentation was developed that aided in the dynamic stiffness measurements during the cyclic loading. A comparison of the static and dynamic Young’s modulus was performed. It was found that the ratio of these two moduli depend on a concrete’s strength and damping properties as well as the age of the specimen. A new equation was proposed using these three properties to determine the ratio of static to dynamic Young’s modulus. An experimental program was performed on samples of high performance self-consolidating concrete (HPSCC). The HPSCC exceeded expected values of strength and stiffness over that of regular high performance concrete. Finally, a comparison of prestress losses in prestressed bridge girders fabricated using the HPSCC was conducted. Prestress losses were measured and calculated using the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) LRFD 2004 and 2007 Specifications. It was determined that the AASHTO LRFD 2007 Specifications most accurately predict the measured prestress losses.
title: Marital Satisfaction and Parental Stress
Creators: name: Hess, Jill
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2008

description: This study examined the correlations between marital satisfaction (MS) and parental stress (PS). The Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale (KMSS) was used to measure marital satisfaction. Parental stress was measured at the same time through the use of the Parent Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF). Twenty-seven traditionally married couples were recruited through the CCAMPIS Grant at Utah State University. Minimum criteria were that at least one of the couple needed to be eligible for Pell grants, registered full time at Utah State University, and have at least one child. This study found that MS and PS correlate in many ways, most significantly in the areas of parental distress and parent child interactions. We found that the variance in mothers’ MS was correlated with fathers’ MS and fathers’ interaction with the target child. Fathers’ MS was correlated with mothers’ MS. (69 pages)
Metal-rich carbon stars in the Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal galaxy
Creators: name: Lagadec, Eric
name: Zijlstra, Albert A.
name: Sloan, G. C.
name: Wood, Peter R.
name: Matsuura, Mikako
name: Bernard-Salas, Jeronimo
name: Blommaert, J. A. D. L.
name: Cioni, M. -R. L.
name: Feast, M. W.
name: Groenewegen, M. A. T.
name: Hony, Sacha
name: Menzies, J. W.
name: van Loon, J. Th.
name: Whitelock, P. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present spectroscopic observations from the {\it Spitzer Space Telescope} of six carbon-rich AGB stars in the Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy (Sgr dSph) and two foreground Galactic carbon stars. The band strengths of the observed C$_2$H$_2$ and SiC features are very similar to those observed in Galactic AGB stars. The metallicities are estimated from an empirical relation between the acetylene optical depth and the strength of the SiC feature. The metallicities are higher than those of the LMC, and close to Galactic values. While the high metallicity could imply an age of around 1 Gyr, for the dusty AGB stars, the pulsation periods suggest ages in excess of 2 or 3 Gyr. We fit the spectra of the observed stars using the DUSTY radiative transfer model and determine their dust mass-loss rates to be in the range 1.0--3.3$\times 10^{-8} $M$_{\odot}$yr$^{-1}$. The two Galactic foreground carbon-rich AGB stars are located at the far side of the solar circle, beyond the Galactic Centre. One of these two stars show the strongest SiC feature in our present Local Group sample.
description: 12 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
title: Glycemic Load and Risk of Alzheimer's Disease: The Cache County Study on Memory, Health, and Aging
Creators: name: Choi, Eun Young
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2008

description: Carbohydrates are a major energy source for the human body and particularly glucose is the only energy source for the brain. Thus glucose metabolism is important to maintain normal brain function. Evidence showed insulin resistance and diabetes are associated with cognitive decline and a large amount of highly processed carbohydrate intake; in other words, a high glycemic load diet, which increases blood glucose faster and insulin demand, is associated with increased risk of insulin resistance and diabetes. Based on this premise, the hypothesis that a high glycemic load (GL) diet increases the risk of incident Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was examined among Cache County elderly people in Northern Utah. At the baseline survey, 3,831 participants 65 years of age or older completed a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and cognitive screening. Observation time to collect the data for incident AD was approximately 10 years. Incident AD was determined by final consensus conference after multi-steps of screening. GL was calculated as the product of carbohydrate intake and glycemic index (GI) and adjusted for energy intake. FFQs from diabetics were considered to be invalid to assess dietary carbohydrates intake and excluded. The analysis was examined separately by gender. The Cox proportional hazard regression model in survival analysis was used to relate GL to incident AD using a time variable with age of AD onset. There was no association in men but a negative association in women in the unadjusted model. Evidence of confounding by total kcal was apparent in women, particularly in the lowest GL group, which had the highest total kcal mean intake. Finally no association between GL and AD was found after adjustment for education, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, Body Mass Index (BMI), physical activity, smoking, alcohol use, APOE ε-4 alleles, multi-vitamins use, total kcal, and controlling interaction between GL and total kcal. The low GL group had unique characteristics in lifestyle factors, macro-nutrients intake, and pattern of food use. The inverse relationship between GL and total kcal may partly be explained by lifestyle factors, particularly alcohol intake. The characteristics of low GL group, current smokers, alcohol users, and their relationship and interaction between total kcal and risk of AD should be explored further.
title: Bridge Instrumentation and the Development of Non-Destructive and Destructive Techniques Used to Estimate Residual Tendon Stress in Prestressed Girders
Creators: name: Kukay, Brian Michael
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2008

description: This research embodied a three-prong approach for directly determining the residual prestress force of prestressed concrete bridge girders. For bridges that have yet to be constructed, outfitting girders with instrumentation is a highly effective means of determining residual prestress force in prestressed concrete bridge girders. This constitutes the first prong. Still, many bridges are constructed without such instrumentation. For these bridges, a destructive technique can be used to directly determine the residual prestress in a prestressed concrete bridge girder. This implies that the girder(s) being tested have already been taken out of service. This constitutes the second prong. For bridges that are anticipated to remain in service that are lacking embedded instrumentation, the development of a non-destructive technique used to estimate the remaining force in the tendons of prestressed bridge girders is extremely important. This constitutes the third prong used to directly determine residual prestress force. The flexural capacity was also determined from field tests and compared to analytical estimates. By design, the code estimates are meant to be conservative. Alternatively, the residual prestress force for in-service members can be determined directly through the non-destructive technique presented in this research. As such, bridge service capacities can be determined directly and do not need to be conservatively estimated. (231 pages)
Encoding simplicial quantum geometry in group field theories
Creators: name: Oriti, Daniele
name: Tlas, Tamer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that a new symmetry requirement on the GFT field, in the context of an extended GFT formalism, involving both Lie algebra and group elements, leads, in 3d, to Feynman amplitudes with a simplicial path integral form based on the Regge action, to a proper relation between the discrete connection and the triad vectors appearing in it, and to a much more satisfactory and transparent encoding of simplicial geometry already at the level of the GFT action.
description: 15 pages, 2 figures, RevTeX, references added
Energy Relaxation of Hot Dirac Fermions in Graphene
Creators: name: Tse, Wang-Kong
name: Sarma, S. Das
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a theory for the energy relaxation of hot Dirac fermions in graphene. We obtain a generic expression for the energy relaxation rate due to electron-phonon interaction and calculate the power loss due to both optical and acoustic phonon emission as a function of electron temperature $T_{\mathrm{e}}$ and density $n$. We find an intrinsic power loss weakly dependent on carrier density and non-vanishing at the Dirac point $n = 0$, originating from interband electron-optical phonon scattering by the intrinsic electrons in the graphene valence band. We obtain the total power loss per carrier $\sim 10^{-12} - 10^{-7} \mathrm{W}$ within the range of electron temperatures $\sim 20 - 1000 \mathrm{K}$. We find optical (acoustic) phonon emission to dominate the energy loss for $T_{\mathrm{e}} > (
description: 5 pages
Additional file 5 of Trends and burden of diabetes in pregnancy among Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal mothers in Western Australia, 1998–2015
Creators: name: Ahmed, Marwan Awad
name: Bailey, Helen D.
name: Pereira, Gavin
name: White, Scott W.
name: Wong, Kingsley
name: Shepherd, Carrington C. J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 5: Table S2. National guidelines for screening and diagnosis of gestational diabetes during the study period (1998–2015).
title: Models and Algorithms for Addressing Travel Time Variability: Applications from Optimal Path Finding and Traffic Equilibrium Problems
Creators: name: Zhou, Zhong
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2008

description: An optimal path finding problem and a traffic equilibrium problem are two important, fundamental, and interrelated topics in the transportation research field. Under travel time variability, the road networks are considered as stochastic, where the link travel times are treated as random variables with known probability density functions. By considering the effect of travel time variability and corresponding risk-taking behavior of the travelers, this dissertation proposes models and algorithms for addressing travel time variability with applications from optimal path finding and traffic equilibrium problems. Specifically, two new optimal path finding models and two novel traffic equilibrium models are proposed in stochastic networks. To adaptively determine a reliable path with the minimum travel time budget required to meet the user-specified reliability threshold α, an adaptive α-reliable path finding model is proposed. It is formulated as a chance constrained model under a dynamic programming framework. Then, a discrete-time algorithm is developed based on the properties of the proposed model. In addition to accounting for the reliability aspect of travel time variability, the α-reliable mean-excess path finding model further concerns the unreliability aspect of the late trips beyond the travel time budget. It is formulated as a stochastic mixed-integer nonlinear program. To solve this difficult problem, a practical double relaxation procedure is developed. By recognizing travelers are not only interested in saving their travel time but also in reducing their risk of being late, a α-reliable mean-excess traffic equilibrium (METE) model is proposed. Furthermore, a stochastic α-reliable mean-excess traffic equilibrium (SMETE) model is developed by incorporating the travelers’ perception error, where the travelers’ route choice decisions are determined by the perceived distribution of the stochastic travel time. Both models explicitly examine the effects of both reliability and unreliability aspects of travel time variability in a network equilibrium framework. They are both formulated as a variational inequality (VI) problem and solved by a route-based algorithm based on the modified alternating direction method. In conclusion, this study explores the effects of the various aspects (reliability and unreliability) of travel time variability on travelers’ route choice decision process by considering their risk preferences. The proposed models provide novel views of the optimal path finding problem and the traffic equilibrium problem under an uncertain environment, and the proposed solution algorithms enable potential applicability for solving practical problems.
Gibrat's law for cities: uniformly most powerful unbiased test of the Pareto against the lognormal
Creators: name: Malevergne, Y.
name: Pisarenko, V.
name: Sornette, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address the general problem of testing a power law distribution versus a log-normal distribution in statistical data. This general problem is illustrated on the distribution of the 2000 US census of city sizes. We provide definitive results to close the debate between Eeckhout (2004, 2009) and Levy (2009) on the validity of Zipf's law, which is the special Pareto law with tail exponent 1, to describe the tail of the distribution of U.S. city sizes. Because the origin of the disagreement between Eeckhout and Levy stems from the limited power of their tests, we perform the {\em uniformly most powerful unbiased test} for the null hypothesis of the Pareto distribution against the lognormal. The $p$-value and Hill's estimator as a function of city size lower threshold confirm indubitably that the size distribution of the 1000 largest cities or so, which include more than half of the total U.S. population, is Pareto, but we rule out that the tail exponent, estimated to be $1.4 \pm 0.1$, is equal to 1. For larger ranks, the $p$-value becomes very small and Hill's estimator decays systematically with decreasing ranks, qualifying the lognormal distribution as the better model for the set of smaller cities. These two results reconcile the opposite views of Eeckhout (2004, 2009) and Levy (2009). We explain how Gibrat's law of proportional growth underpins both the Pareto and lognormal distributions and stress the key ingredient at the origin of their difference in standard stochastic growth models of cities \cite{Gabaix99,Eeckhout2004}.
description: 7 pages + 2 figures
title: Granivores and Restoration: Implications of Invasion and Considerations of Context-dependent Seed Removal
Creators: name: Ostoja, Steven M
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2008

description: Granivores are important components of sagebrush communities in western North America. These same regions are being altered by the invasion of the exotic annual Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass) that alters physical and biological dynamics in ways that appear to promote its persistence. This research directly relates to the restoration of B. tectorum-dominated systems in two inter-related ways. First, because these landscapes have large quantities of seeds applied during restoration, it is important to determine the major granivore communities in intact sagebrush communities and in nearby cheatgrass-dominated communities. Second, it is important to develop an understanding of patterns of seed harvest by granivores. In addition to the data chapters there are two review chapters; Chapter 1 highlights factors contributing to seed removal and Chapter 7 provides ecologically based techniques that could minimize the negative consequences of granivores during ecological restoration. Common groups of ants showed increased abundances; uncommon species and functional groups were generally negatively impacted by cheatgrass (Chapter 2). Conversely, rodents were negatively impacted by conversion to cheatgrass (Chapter 4). Ant seed removal was highly context-dependent (Chapter 3), depending on the background vegetation (large-scale among-patch effects), foraging distance from the nest mound (small-scale among-patch effects), and the presence of other seed species in mixture (within-patch effects). In addition, cheatgrass provided associational resistance to native seeds in mixture, meaning the presence of cheatgrass increased native seed survival. In Chapter 5 a novel statistical technique in the ecological sciences showed that rodents have marked preferences for some seeds over others and that more seeds were removed in sagebrush compared to cheatgrass-dominated sites, although associational effects among seed mixtures were not detected. In Chapter 6 we show that the amount of seed harvested depended on both intraspecific and interspecific seed density. B. tectorum seeds had associational susceptibility (increased harvest) in the presence of native seeds. Although the reciprocal effect may occur, we did not find statistical support for it. These sets of studies are not only of basic ecological interests, but are also important for developing management strategies for restoration of these degraded lands.
title: An Investigation Of The Early Life-History Of Brown Trout (Salmo Trutta) And Potential Influences on Invasion Success in the Logan River, Utah
Creators: name: Wood, Jeremiah
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2008

description: Due to the significant threats posed by nonnative fish species worldwide, it is important to understand how life-history strategies of individual species interact with environmental conditions to explain the success or failure of nonnative fish invasions. Brown trout are prolific invaders, but often exhibit upstream distributional limits in Intermountain West streams, potentially due to a maladaptive reproductive life-history strategy influenced by hydrologic conditions in high-elevation areas. We used redd counts, egg survival experiments, and temperature modeling to investigate the reproductive life-history strategy of brown trout and its potential for success along an elevational stream gradient. We documented brown trout spawning in stream reaches at elevations higher than where we typically encounter brown trout during summer electrofishing surveys, indicating the potential for upstream invasion. We observed a decline in egg survival at higher elevation, cooler water sites, but did not document complete recruitment failure at these sites, again indicating the potential for successful invasion at this life-stage. Temperature data indicate that during most years, incubating brown trout eggs would likely fail to emerge from the gravel prior to peak spring flows in these high-elevation stream reaches, suggesting that damaging spring floods may cause significant egg and sac-fry mortality at high elevations, and may determine invasion success in these areas. Our results highlight the importance of identifying specific mechanisms of recruitment failure in order to better predict nonnative fish invasions in the future.
A sharp immersed method for 2D flow-body interactions using the vorticity-velocity Navier-Stokes equations
Creators: name: Ji, Xinjie
name: Gabbard, James
name: van Rees, Wim M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Immersed methods discretize boundary conditions for complex geometries on background Cartesian grids. This makes such methods especially suitable for two-way coupled flow-body problems, where the body mechanics are partially driven by hydrodynamic forces. However, for the vorticity-velocity form of the Navier-Stokes equations, existing immersed geometry discretizations for two-way coupled problems only achieve first order spatial accuracy near solid boundaries. Here we introduce a sharp-interface approach based on the immersed interface method to handle the one- and two-way coupling between an incompressible flow and one or more rigid bodies using the 2D vorticity-velocity Navier-Stokes equations. Our main contributions are three-fold. First, we develop and analyze a moving boundary treatment for sharp immersed methods that can be applied to PDEs with implicitly defined boundary conditions, such as those commonly imposed on the vorticity field. Second, we develop a two-way coupling methodology for the vorticity-velocity Navier-Stokes equations based on control-volume momentum balance that does not require the pressure field. Third, we show through extensive testing and validation that our resulting flow-body solver reaches second-order accuracy for most practical scenarios, and provides significant efficiency benefits compared to a representative first-order approach.
The nature of B supergiants: clues from a steep drop in rotation rates at 22000 K. The possibility of Bi-stability braking
Creators: name: Vink, Jorick S.
name: Brott, I.
name: Graefener, G.
name: Langer, N.
name: de Koter, A.
name: Lennon, D. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The location of B supergiants in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram (HRD) represents a long-standing problem in massive star evolution. Here we propose their nature may be revealed utilising their rotational properties, and we highlight a steep drop in massive star rotation rates at an effective temperature of 22000 K. We discuss two potential explanations for it. On the one hand, the feature might be due to the end of the main sequence, which could potentially constrain the core overshooting parameter. On the other hand, the feature might be the result of enhanced mass loss at the predicted location of the bi-stability jump. We term this effect "bi-stability breaking" and discuss its potential consequences for the evolution of massive stars.
description: Accepted by A&A Letters (4 pages, 5 figures); typos corrected
Additional file 1 of Psychosocial aspects and support networks associated with disability in two longevous populations in Brazil: a cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Nóbrega, Júlia Cristina Leite
name: Medeiros, Juliana Barbosa
name: da Silva Freitas, Javanna Lacerda Gomes
name: Silva, Jaíza M. M.
name: Simões, Raisa Fernandes Mariz
name: Olinda, Ricardo
name: de Ferreira Santos, Jair Lício
name: Menezes, Tarciana Nobre
name: de Oliveira Duarte, Yeda Aparecida
name: Zatz, Mayana
name: Matheson, David
name: Santos, Silvana
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Comparison of the disability of the oldest-old from Brejo dos Santos/PB and São Paulo/SP in relation to the number of Basic Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs) with support.
A failed outburst of H1743-322
Creators: name: Capitanio, Fiamma
name: Belloni, Tomaso
name: Del Santo, Melania
name: Ubertini, Pietro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a campaign of X-ray and soft gamma-ray observations of the black hole candidate H 1743-322 (also named IGR J17464-3213), performed with the RXTE, INTEGRAL and Swift satellites. The source was observed during a short outburst between 2008 October 03 and 2008 November 16. The evolution of the hardness-intensity diagram throughout the outburst is peculiar, in that it does not follow the canonical pattern through all the spectral states (the so called q-track pattern) seen during the outburst of black-hole transients. On the contrary, the source only makes a transition from the Hard State to the Hard-Intermediate State. After this transition, the source decreases in luminosity and its spectrum hardens again. This behaviour is confirmed both by spectral and timing analysis. This kind of outburst has been rarely observed before in a transient black hole candidate.
description: accepted for publication in MNRAS
title: Rank-Data Distribution Method (R-D Method) For Daily Time-Series Bayesian Networks And Total Maximum Daily Load Estimation
Creators: name: Lee, Joon-Hee
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2008

description: Daily time series-based models are required to estimate the higher frequency fluctuations of nutrient loads and concentrations. Some mechanistic mathematical models can provide daily time series outputs of nutrient concentrations but it is difficult to incorporate non-numerical data, such as management scenarios, to mechanistic mathematical models. Bayesian networks (BNs) were designed to accept and process inputs of varied types of both numerical and non-numerical inputs. A Rank-Data distribution method (R-D method) was developed to provide large time series of daily predicted flows and Total Phosphorus (TP) loads to BNs driving daily time series estimates of T-P concentrations into Hyrum and Cutler Reservoirs, Cache County, Utah. Time series of water resources data may consist of data distributions and time series of the ranks of the data at the measurement times. The R-D method estimates the data distribution by interpolating cumulative failure probability (CFPs) plots of observations. This method also estimates cumulative failure probability of predictions on dates with no data by interpolating CFP time series of observations. The R-D method estimates time series of mean daily flows with less residual between predicted flows and observed flows than interpolation of observed flows using data sets sampled randomly at varying frequencies. Two Bayesian Networks, BN 1 (Bayesian Network above Hyrum Reservoir) and BN 2 (Bayesian Network below Hyrum Reservoir) were used to simulate the effect of the Little Bear River Conservation Project (LBRCP) and exogenous variables on water quality to explore the causes of an observed reduction in Total Phosphorus (TP) concentration since 1990 at the mouth of the Little Bear River. A BN provided the fine data distribution of flows and T-P loads under scenarios of conservation practices or exogenous variables using daily flows and TP loads estimated by R-D method. When these BN outputs were connected with the rank time series estimated by interpolation of the ranks of existing observations at measurement dates, time series estimation of TP concentrations into Cutler Reservoir under two different conservation practice options was obtained. This time series showed duration and starting time of water quality criterion violation. The TMDL processes were executed based on daily TP loads from R-D instead of mean or median values.
title: Simulated Browsing Impacts On Aspen Suckers' Density, Growth, and Nutritional Responses
Creators: name: Tshireletso, Koketso
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2008

description: Heavy and repeated ungulate browsing on reproductive suckers has limited trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) regeneration on many Western landscapes. However, little is known about the specific effects of season and intensity of browsing. My objectives were to determine the effects of season and intensity of clipping (simulated browsing) on suckers’ (1) density and growth characteristics, and (2) nutritional quality and quantity. Three randomly selected stands were clear-felled in mid-July, 2005, and fenced. Simulated browsing treatments of 0%, 20%, 40%, and 60% removal of current year’s growth were randomly applied in early, mid-, and late summers of 2006 and 2007. Sucker density, height, leader length, twig numbers, bud numbers, basal area, and biomass harvested were monitored in each quadrat. Harvested material was analyzed for crude protein and in vitro true dry matter digestibility. Early summer clipped suckers suffered no winter mortality compared to mortalities of 41% and 42% for mid- and late summer clipped suckers, respectively. However, even at the highest mortality, there were still ample numbers of suckers for stand regeneration. Sucker height was restricted by all early summer treatments. Clipping at 20% and 40% in mid- and late summer, respectively, did not reduce sucker height, but suckers clipped 60% were ≤ 40 cm shorter than controls. Twig and bud density both declined with increasing intensity of clipping. By the study’s end, basal area of early summer clipped suckers was higher than for those clipped in late summer. Crude protein of clipped biomass decreased with season’s advance and clipping intensity. Levels ranged from 12.8% to 22.9% and 10.6% to 16.5% in 2006 and 2007, respectively. Digestibility ranged from 80.1% to 93.4% and 75.2% to 90.7% in 2006 and 2007, respectively. Biomass (260 vs. 181 kg/ha) and total digestible dry matter (197 vs. 142 kg/ha) harvested were higher in mid-summer clipped plots in 2007 than in 2006, respectively. Apart from early summer, total nitrogen harvested was not affected differently by season of clipping. Clear-felling programs that allow browsing of ≤ 40% in mid- and late summer would ensure sustained aspen stand density and growth. (184 pages)
title: Application of Quantitative Models of Choice to Alcohol-Maintained Behavior
Creators: name: Jimenez-Gomez, Corina
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2008

description: Choice procedures and quantitative models of choice behavior have been used to assess the reinforcing efficacy of drugs. Few studies, however, have used quantitative models of choice for the study of behavior maintained by alcohol. In addition, no studies have assessed the usefulness of quantitative models of concurrent-chains performance for the study of drug-associated cues. The purpose of the present series of experiments was to test the generality of the matching law with alcohol as a reinforcer and extend the use of quantitative models of concurrent-chains performance to behavior maintained by alcohol and alcohol-associated cues. In the first experiment (Chapter 2), rats responded for an alcohol solution on concurrent variable-interval schedules of reinforcement. Across conditions, relative rates of alcohol reinforcement were varied, which allowed for estimates of the parameters of the generalized matching law. Overall, the matching law accounted for changes in rats’ relative allocation of behavior with changes in the relative rate of alcohol delivery. The second and third experiments (Chapter 3) extended the use of the concurrent-chains procedure to rats responding to gain access to stimulus contexts associated with different rates of alcohol delivery. These experiments examined whether initial-link preference would change as a result of changes in the relative rate of alcohol deliveries in the terminal links and whether increases in the initial-link schedules would result in a decrease in preference (i.e., initial-link effect), as predicted by models of concurrent-chains performance. Results showed that choice between two terminal links depended on the different rates of alcohol delivered in each terminal-link stimulus context. When the initial-link schedules were increased, preference for the preferred context decreased. Future studies can benefit from the use of quantitative models of behavior on concurrent and concurrent-chains schedules as a framework for the assessment of potential behavioral and pharmacological treatments of drug abuse and dependence.
Entanglement-preserving frequency conversion in cold atoms
Creators: name: Gogyan, A.
name: Malakyan, Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a method that enables efficient frequency conversion of quantum information based on recently demonstrated strong parametric coupling between two single-photon pulses propagating in a slow-light atomic medium at different group velocities. We show that an incoming single-photon state is efficiently converted into another optical mode in a lossless and shape-conserving manner. The persistence of initial quantum coherence and entanglement within frequency conversion is also demonstrated. We first illustrate this result for the case of small frequency difference of converted photons, and then discuss the modified scheme for conversion of photon wavelengths in different spectral ranges. Finally we analyze the generation of a narrow-band single-photon frequency-entangled state.
description: minor corrections compared to the published version, 7 pages, 5 figures
title: Acceptability of Behavioral Bully Interventions: Mexican Descent and White American Elementary School Students' Ratings of Assertiveness and Seeking Adult Help Skills
Creators: name: Healey, Devin J
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2008

description: Research has demonstrated the effectiveness of school-based interventions for children to use to deal with being bullied. However, the research has not looked at the effectiveness of these interventions for Latino students. These students come to school with different cultural experiences and values. In theory, treatment that is evaluated as acceptable and potentially effective is more likely to be used. This study investigates and compares the treatment acceptability ratings of White American (n=87) and Mexican descent (n=28) students for two intervention skills that are often taught in bully intervention programs: assertiveness, and seeking help from an adult. Students were taught each skill in an analog group setting and asked to rate the acceptability of each skill. Results showed that White American students had a higher acceptability rating of the assertiveness skill than the Mexican descent students. White American females rated the assertiveness skill higher than Mexican descent males, and rated the skill of seeking adult help higher than White American males. No differences in treatment acceptability were found between the groups of students for the intervention on seeking help from adults. Similar barriers to implementation were reported by both Mexican descent and White American students. Finally, no relationship was found between the Mexican descent students’ acculturation level and treatment acceptability ratings. Implications of these findings for school-based practice and research are discussed.
Survival Probability of a Local Excitation in a Non-Markovian Environment: Survival Collapse, Zeno and Anti-Zeno effects
Creators: name: Fiori, E. Rufeil
name: Pastawski, H. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The decay dynamics of a local excitation interacting with a non-Markovian environment, modeled by a semi-infinite tight-binding chain, is exactly evaluated. We identify distinctive regimes for the dynamics. Sequentially: (i) early quadratic decay of the initial-state survival probability, up to a spreading time $t_{S}$, (ii) exponential decay described by a self-consistent Fermi Golden Rule, and (iii) asymptotic behavior governed by quantum diffusion through the return processes and leading to an inverse power law decay. At this last cross-over time $t_{R}$ a survival collapse becomes possible. This could reduce the survival probability by several orders of magnitude. The cross-overs times $t_{S}$ and $t_{R}$ allow to assess the range of applicability of the Fermi Golden Rule and give the conditions for the observation of the Zeno and Anti-Zeno effect.
title: Two Highly Diverse Studies In Computing: A Vitruvian Framework For Distribution And A Search Approach To Cancer Therapies
Creators: name: Smith, Brian G
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2008

description: Solid cancer tumors must recruit new blood vessels for growth and maintenance. Discovering drugs that block this tumor-induced development of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) is an important approach in cancer treatment. However, the complexity of angiogenesis and the difficulty in implementing and evaluating medical changes prevent the discovery of novel and effective new therapies. This paper presents a massively parallel computational search-based approach for the discovery of novel potential cancer treatments, using a high fidelity simulation of angiogenesis. Discovering new therapies is viewed as multi-objective combinatorial optimization over two competing objectives: minimizing the medical cost of the intervention while minimizing the oxygen provided to the cancer tumor by angiogenesis. Results show the effectiveness of the search process in finding simple interventions that are currently in use and more interestingly, discovering some new approaches that are counterintuitive yet effective. Distributed systems are becoming more prevalent as the demand for connectivity increases. Developers are faced with the challenge of creating software systems that meet these demands and adhere to good software practices. Technologies of today aid developers in this, but they may cause applications to suffer performance problems and require developers to abandon basic software concepts, such as modularization, performance, and maintainability. This work presents the Vitruvian framework that provides solutions to common distribution goals, and distributes applications using replication and transparency at varying stages of application development.
Additional file 1 of Genome sequencing-based coverage analyses facilitate high-resolution detection of deletions linked to phenotypes of gamma-irradiated wheat mutants
Creators: name: Komura, Shoya
name: Jinno, Hironobu
name: Sonoda, Tatsuya
name: Oono, Youko
name: Handa, Hirokazu
name: Takumi, Shigeo
name: Yoshida, Kentaro
name: Kobayashi, Fuminori
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Additional file 1 of Seroprevalence of brucellosis in camels and humans in the Al-Qassim region of Saudi Arabia and its implications for public health
Creators: name: Almuzaini, Abdulaziz M.
name: Aljohani, Abdullah S. M.
name: Alajaji, Ahmed I.
name: Elbehiry, Ayman
name: Abalkhail, Adil
name: Almujaidel, Abdulrahman
name: Aljarallah, Sahar N.
name: Sherif, Hazem R.
name: Marzouk, Eman
name: Draz, Abdelmaged A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Material 1.
title: Reproductive Tactics of Aphidophagous Lady Beetles: Comparison of a Native Species and an Invasive Species that is Displacing It
Creators: name: Kajita, Yukie
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2008

description: Coccinella septempunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) has been introduced to North America in recent decades, raising concerns of adverse impacts on native lady beetles, including the congeneric C. transversoguttata richardsoni (Brown). The central focus of my dissertation is to understand the importance of reproduction, in particular, in promoting invasion of C. septempunctata and its replacement of native lady beetles in alfalfa fields of western North America. Studies were conducted to compare reproductive tactics of the invasive C. septempunctata and the native C. transversoguttata, by addressing: 1) maximum rate of reproduction of overwintered lady beetles, 2) population dynamics of the invasive and native lady beetles and their aphid prey, and seasonal reproductive patterns, over a 3-year period (2004'2006) in alfalfa fields, 3) reproductive tactics and plasticity in response to various prey availabilities, and 4) ovarian dynamics and observation of oosorption in response to prey removal. The invasive C. septempunctata gained a reproductive advantage over native, North American lady beetles from its larger body size when feeding on abundant prey. The invasive species gained additional advantage by its allocation of prey to larger numbers of relatively small eggs. In alfalfa fields, females of C. septempunctata reproduced more readily and laid more eggs than females of C. transversoguttata even at low prey density. C. septempunctata females collected from the field were also more successful in approaching their maximum body weights and reproduction, as observed under ideal conditions, than were females of native C. transversoguttata. In the laboratory, C. septempunctata females produced larger numbers of relatively small eggs, and they maintained their body weights even as they were producing eggs at low rates when aphids were provided in limited numbers. More immediate adjustment of reproductive effort with prey removal, and higher recovery of reproductive rate when prey again became available, were observed in C. septempunctata, compared with C. transcersoguttata. These reproductive abilities of C. septempucntata may contribute to its invasion success and dominance in alfalfa fields. Further studies are needed to determine why females of C. septempunctata are in better physiological condition than are females of C. transversoguttata in spring alfalfa fields.
National Chrysanthemum Society Beginner's Handbook, June 1953
Creators: name: Garden Club Of East Hampton
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1953
Subjects: Gardening
Gardens
Social organizations
Organizations
East Hampton (N.Y.)

description: This anecdote is titled, "Pilgrimage to England, 1929" written by Elizabeth G. Lockwood of the Garden Club of East Hampton.
3D Numerical Simulations of AGN Outflows in Clusters and Groups
Creators: name: Gaspari, M.
name: Melioli, C.
name: Brighenti, F.
name: D'Ercole, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute 3D gasdynamical models of jet outflows from the central AGN, that carry mass as well as energy to the hot gas in galaxy clusters and groups. These flows have many attractive attributes for solving the cooling flow problem: why the hot gas temperature and density profiles resemble cooling flows but show no spectral evidence of cooling to low temperatures. Subrelativistic jets, described by a few parameters, are assumed to be activated when gas flows toward or cools near a central SMBH. Using approximate models for a rich cluster (A1795), a poor cluster (2A 0336+096) and a group (NGC 5044), we show that mass-carrying jets with intermediate mechanical efficiencies ($\sim10^{-3}$) can reduce for many Gyr the global cooling rate to or below the low values implied by X-spectra, while maintaining $T$ and $ρ$ profiles similar to those observed, at least in clusters. Groups are much more sensitive to AGN heating and present extreme time variability in both profiles. Finally, the intermittency of the feedback generates multiple generations of X-ray cavities similar to those observed in Perseus cluster and elsewhere. Thus we also study the formation of buoyant bubbles and weak shocks in the ICM, along with the injection of metals by SNIa and stellar winds.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, to appear in proceedings of the conference "The Monster's Fiery Breath: Feedback in Galaxies, Groups, and Clusters", June 2009, Madison Wisconsin
Assessing the seismic performance of bridges in Metro Vancouver under M9 Cascadia subduction zone earthquakes with explicit consideration of basin amplification effects
Creators: name: Shen, Anqi
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2024

description: The Metro Vancouver region of southwestern British Columbia could experience Magnitude 9 (M9) Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ) earthquakes. The seismic hazard of the region is further exacerbated because sits above Georgia sedimentary basin, which can amplify earthquake ground motions. Given the critical role of bridges as essential nodes within the transportation network, it is important to assess the potential impacts of such seismic events on these structures. This thesis evaluates the seismic performance of bridges within the Metro Vancouver region under plausible M9 CSZ earthquakes, with explicit consideration of the amplification effects of the Georgia basin. An inventory of more than 200 bridges was assembled by collecting as-built drawings. The detailed properties of approximately 80 bridges were extracted, with the focus on bridges supported by reinforced concrete (RC) circular columns and rectangular walls. Detailed bridge data was used to develop Single-Degree-of-Freedom (SDOF) models to characterize bridge response by following five key steps: (1) determination of bridge weight, (2) estimation of bridge stiffness, (3) evaluation of lateral strength, (4) definition of a material model to characterize nonlinear response, and (5) SDOF model assembly with the corresponding weight, stiffness, strength and calibrated material model to simulate the force-deformation behavior of the bridge. Nonlinear time history analyses were carried out to evaluate the response of each bridge under 30 physics-based ground motion simulations of M9 CSZ earthquakes adjusted for the corresponding soil conditions at each site. The results indicate that bridge damage correlates well with basin depth, with 33%, 48% and 92% of probability of complete damage, on average, for bridges outside the basin, in the basin edge and in deep-basin sites, respectively. While newer bridges perform considerably better in outside-basin sites, their performance is comparable to older bridges at basin-edge and deep-basin locations.