cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
ARPA Subsidies, Unit Choice, and Reform of the U.S. Crop Insurance Program
Creators: name: Babcock, Bruce A.
name: Hart, Chad E.
name: Babcock, Bruce A.
name: Hart, Chad E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Agricultural Risk Protection Act (ARPA)
subject: crop insurance
subject: optional units

description: The Agricultural Risk Protection Act (ARPA) has largely met its objectives of inducing farmers to increase their use of the crop insurance program. Both insured acreage and coverage levels have increased dramatically in response to ARPA's large increase in premium subsidies. An unintended consequence of the larger subsidies is a dramatic increase in the incentive for farmers to insure their crops under optional units, that is, insurance at the field level rather than at the farm or crop level. The expected rate of return to farmers who choose to invest additional premium dollars to move to optional unit coverage ranges from a low of 61 percent at the 85 percent coverage level to 144 percent at the 65 percent coverage level. This explains why the majority of farmers choose optional unit coverage even though the alternative unit structures provide identical insurance guarantees at a substantially lower cost. We consider two policy options to eliminate the unintended consequences of ARPA subsidies.
Optimal measurements for the dihedral hidden subgroup problem
Creators: name: Bacon, Dave
name: Childs, Andrew M.
name: van Dam, Wim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the dihedral hidden subgroup problem as the problem of distinguishing hidden subgroup states. We show that the optimal measurement for solving this problem is the so-called pretty good measurement. We then prove that the success probability of this measurement exhibits a sharp threshold as a function of the density nu=k/log N, where k is the number of copies of the hidden subgroup state and 2N is the order of the dihedral group. In particular, for nu<1 the optimal measurement (and hence any measurement) identifies the hidden subgroup with a probability that is exponentially small in log N, while for nu>1 the optimal measurement identifies the hidden subgroup with a probability of order unity. Thus the dihedral group provides an example of a group G for which Omega(log|G|) hidden subgroup states are necessary to solve the hidden subgroup problem. We also consider the optimal measurement for determining a single bit of the answer, and show that it exhibits the same threshold. Finally, we consider implementing the optimal measurement by a quantum circuit, and thereby establish further connections between the dihedral hidden subgroup problem and average case subset sum problems. In particular, we show that an efficient quantum algorithm for a restricted version of the optimal measurement would imply an efficient quantum algorithm for the subset sum problem, and conversely, that the ability to quantum sample from subset sum solutions allows one to implement the optimal measurement.
description: 24 pages; v2: small corrections, updated references, improved layout
A theoretical model of NMR surface relaxation in porous media
Creators: name: Jourabchi, Parisa
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: A model has been developed to express the relaxation time constant of pore water hydrogen protons in porous geological materials. This model is based on the dipolar interactions of the protons with the naturally found paramagnetic ions near the surface of the solid, modulated by the diffusive motion of the pore water molecules. The effect of a uniform nonmagnetic coating on the solid, which physically separates the water molecules from the paramagnetic ions, is incorporated in the developed model of surface relaxation rate, 1/T1S. A three-dimensional model pore space is defined as a rectangular prism in a sheet-like pore structure. The motion of the molecules is described as two-dimensional diffusion parallel to the solid pore walls, and one-dimensional diffusion perpendicular to the surfaces. The dipolar interaction is considered between hydrogen protons associated with the water molecules, and a layer of randomly distributed paramagnetic ions on the solid. The protons' distance of closest approach to the layer of paramagnetic ions is determined by the thickness of substance coating the solid surface. The resulting expression for 1/T1S involves a number of parameters, some of which can be eliminated by considering the normalized relaxation rates: 1/T1S for the coated sample divided by that of the uncoated sample. Other unknown parameters are used to set bounding limits on the predicted normalized relaxation rates, T1S(plain)/T1S(coated). The predicted trend in T1S(plain)/ T1S(coated) with increasing coating thickness can be approximated by a logarithmic decline for thicknesses up to 2nm. This predicted decay in normalized relaxation rate with increasing coating thickness is more gradual than the trend predicted by previous models. As a result, the application of the developed model to measured relaxation times reported in studies of coated and plain samples is capable of providing realistic estimates of coating thicknesses. [Scientific formulae used in this abstract could not be reproduced.]
Risk Management Instruments for Water Reallocations
Creators: name: Hart, Chad E.
name: Hart, Chad E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: government policy
subject: reallocation
subject: risk management
subject: water rights

description: Federal and state governments are searching for programs and/or policies to deal with the risks linked with uncertainty in water supplies and demands. Within the United States, competition among agricultural, urban, and environmental concerns for water is increasing. Drought conditions and water use restrictions have, at times, limited water supplies for these varied uses. The federal government stands in a unique position as both a major supplier and demander of water. As such, the federal government has put forward several programs for water conservation, information, and usage. One area in which the federal government has not made significant progress is the issue of risk management and compensation for water reallocations. When natural forces or government policies trigger water use restrictions, the restricted water users may or may not be compensated by current programs. This paper explores how current policies may or may not cover agricultural losses due to water use restrictions and outlines several government policy proposals and market-based methods to mitigate the risks from water restrictions. Given the diversity of the agents involved and the watersheds covered, it is likely that no one program will be the "best" program to address the issue. The "best" program for a given combination of agents in a watershed will depend upon the types of agents and the possible uses of the water.
Occupation time fluctuations of an infinite variance branching system in large dimensions
Creators: name: Bojdecki, Tomasz
name: Gorostiza, Luis G.
name: Talarczyk, Anna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60F17, 60J80, 60G18, 60G52

description: We prove limit theorems for rescaled occupation time fluctuations of a (d,alpha,beta)-branching particle system (particles moving in R^d according to a spherically symmetric alpha-stable Levy process, (1+beta)-branching, 0alpha(1+beta)/beta. The fluctuation processes are continuous but their limits are stable processes with independent increments, which have jumps. The convergence is in the sense of finite-dimensional distributions, and also of space-time random fields (tightness does not hold in the usual Skorohod topology). The results are in sharp contrast with those for intermediate dimensions, alpha/beta < d < d(1+beta)/beta, where the limit process is continuous and has long range dependence (this case is studied by Bojdecki et al, 2005). The limit process is measure-valued for the critical dimension, and S'(R^d)-valued for large dimensions. We also raise some questions of interpretation of the different types of dimension-dependent results obtained in the present and previous papers in terms of properties of the particle system.
description: 18 pages
Effects of Adding a Target Revenue Program and Soybean Fixed Decoupled Payments to Current Farm Programs
Creators: name: Hart, Chad E.
name: Babcock, Bruce A.
name: Hart, Chad E.
name: Babcock, Bruce A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: This paper provides a one-year forward-looking analysis of a revenue countercyclical farm program. The basis for the revenue countercyclical farm program originates from the National Corn Growers Association's (NCGA) farm bill proposal. We explore several options under this program. The options consist of various crop loan rate levels for corn and soybeans. The amount and distribution of payments to producers under the various NCGA options and the Agricultural Act of 2001 (House Resolution 2646) are examined and compared against expected payments under the current array of farm programs.
Determinants of household choice of breakfast cereals: healthy or unhealthy?
Creators: name: Golub, Alla A.
name: Binkley, James K.
name: Golub, Alla A.
name: Binkley, James K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: consumer demand
subject: healthy and unhealthy food
subject: breakfast cereals

description: We studied consumer demand for more and less healthy breakfast cereals. Using ACNielsen Homescan database and USDA food nutrition data, we developed three cereal nutrition indexes for each household in the data. In addition to the standard demographic characteristics of households and prices, we included variables representing differences between private labels and national brands. We found that the structure of the industry, through its effect on the product mix produced, affects consumer choice of nutritious foods. Some households buy fewer healthy cereals simply through reluctance to trust private labels. Among all factors expected to influence consumer purchases, the prices appear to have the strongest effect on the healthiness of the choice of breakfast cereals, which is a relatively inexpensive product. Households with children and teens buy less healthy cereals, while older and more educated households make healthier choices.
The Meaning and Handling of Menstruation in Different Cultures and its Relevance on the Social Opportunities of Women
Creators: name: Elmerich, Rebekka
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 200209 Multicultural, Intercultural and Cross-cultural Studies
subject: FOS: Other humanities

description: Menstruation is a controversial Topic. On one side, it is life-giving and desired while on the other hand, it is feared and hidden. Menstruation, definitely, has an impact on a woman’s life. People around the woman will deal differently with her menstruation depending on the culture she lives in. This study seeks to explore intercultural meanings and handlings of menstruation to see if it has a relevance on a woman’s social opportunities in life. The cultural findings differ widely, but do also find a common ground concerning restrictions and meanings of menstruation, menarche rituals and examples of materials used as sanitary products. Religion is also looked at as an influencing factor through sacred writings and their interpretation of purity and impurity.
Concurrent Decentralized Channel Allocation and Access Point Selection using Multi-Armed Bandits in multi BSS WLANs
Creators: name: López-Raventós, Álvaro
name: Bellalta, Boris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Enterprise Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) consist of multiple Access Points (APs) covering a given area. Finding a suitable network configuration able to maximize the performance of enterprise WLANs is a challenging task given the complex dependencies between APs and stations. Recently, in wireless networking, the use of reinforcement learning techniques has emerged as an effective solution to efficiently explore the impact of different network configurations in the system performance, identifying those that provide better performance. In this paper, we study if Multi-Armed Bandits (MABs) are able to offer a feasible solution to the decentralized channel allocation and AP selection problems in Enterprise WLAN scenarios. To do so, we empower APs and stations with agents that, by means of implementing the Thompson sampling algorithm, explore and learn which is the best channel to use, and which is the best AP to associate, respectively. Our evaluation is performed over randomly generated scenarios, which enclose different network topologies and traffic loads. The presented results show that the proposed adaptive framework using MABs outperform the static approach (i.e., using always the initial default configuration, usually random) regardless of the network density and the traffic requirements. Moreover, we show that the use of the proposed framework reduces the performance variability between different scenarios. Results also show that we achieve the same performance (or better) than static strategies with less APs for the same number of stations. Finally, special attention is placed on how the agents interact. Even if the agents operate in a completely independent manner, their decisions have interrelated effects, as they take actions over the same set of channel resources.
Entry of Alternative Fuels in a Volatile U.S. Gasoline Market
Creators: name: Vedenov, Dmitry V.
name: Duffield, James A.
name: Wetzstein, Michael E.
name: Vedenov, Dmitry V.
name: Duffield, James A.
name: Wetzstein, Michael E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: The hypothesis underlying this analysis is that in the presence of volatile gasoline prices competitive market forces will yield alternative, less volatile fuels as substitutes. A real-option pricing approach was employed for this analysis by modeling investment under uncertainty for the case of comparing stochastic prices of substitute commodities. Based on real options, threshold decision rules were developed for the adoption of portfolio fuels such as ethanol and conventional gasoline blends. Considering this portfolio effect, the benefit-to-cost ratios are above four for the alternative blends under varying discount rates and time horizons. This provides a strong indication that consumer demand exists for these portfolio fuels. Competitive markets will then respond to this consumer demand yielding less volatile portfolio fuels and incorporating ethanol into domestic fuel mix.
On three-dimensional Weyl structures with reduced holonomy
Creators: name: Godlinski, Michal
name: Nurowski, Pawel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Cartan's list of 3-dimensional Weyl structures with reduced holonomy is revisited. We show that the only Einstein-Weyl structures on this list correspond to the structures generated by the solutions of the dKP equation.
Detecting a brown dwarf around a YSO BHB2007-1 with GRAVITY
Creators: name: Bhowmik, Trisha
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: protoplanetary disk
young stellar object
brown dwarf

description: [BHB2007]-1 is an accreting young stellar object which is surrounded by a protoplanetary disk with an enormous gap (~70 au wide). This cavity might have been carved by a very young brown dwarf candidate present at a distance of 0''.32. To date, the presence of this candidate has only been detected in the radio (VLA) and NACO's L' filter, limiting to constrain the mass accurately. We have GRAVITY observing time to extract the K-band spectrum of the companion candidate for the first time. We aim to constrain the dynamical mass of the companion, characterize it with atmospheric models and perform high-precision astrometry to constrain its position. A successful observation would confirm the presence of the brown dwarf companion candidate. Additionally, we also would be able to observe the circumplanetary environment with a much higher resolution compared to the previous observations.
On the transfer of resonant-line radiation in mesh simulations
Creators: name: Tasitsiomi, Argyro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The last decade has seen applications of Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) methods for a wide range of problems from space physics to cosmology. With the advent of these methods, in which space is discretized into a mesh of many individual cubic elements, the contemporary analog of the extensively studied line radiative transfer (RT) in a semi-infinite slab is that of RT in a cube. In this study we provide an approximate solution of the RT equation, as well as analytic expressions for the probability distribution functions (pdfs) of the properties of photons emerging from a cube, and compare them with the corresponding slab problem. These pdfs can be used to perform fast resonant-line RT in optically thick AMR cells where, otherwise, it could take unrealistically long times to transfer even a handful of photons.
description: 5 two-column pages, 2 figures; matches accepted version, to appear on ApJ
Empirical Performance of Alternative Option Pricing Models for Commodity Futures Options
Creators: name: Chen, Gang
name: Roberts, Matthew C.
name: Roe, Brian E.
name: Chen, Gang
name: Roberts, Matthew C.
name: Roe, Brian E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The central part of pricing agricultural commodity futures options is to find appropriate stochastic process of the underlying assets. The Black's (1976) futures option pricing model laid the foundation for a new era of futures option valuation theory. The geometric Brownian motion assumption girding the Black's model, however, has been regarded as unrealistic in numerous empirical studies. Option pricing models incorporating discrete jumps and stochastic volatility have been studied extensively in the literature. This study tests the performance of major alternative option pricing models and attempts to find the appropriate model for pricing commodity futures options.
Subdiffusion in a system with a partially permeable partially absorbing wall
Creators: name: Kosztołowicz, Tadeusz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider subdiffusion of a particle in a one-dimensional system with a thin partially permeable wall. Passing through the wall, the particle can be absorbed with a certain probability. We call such a wall partially permeable partially absorbing wall (PPAW). Using the diffusion model in a system with discrete time and spatial variable, probability densities (Green's functions) describing subdiffusion in the system have been derived. Knowing the Green's functions we derive boundary conditions at the wall. The boundary conditions take a specific form in which time derivatives of the fractional order controlled by the subdiffusion parameter are involved. We assume that the absorption of a particle can occur only when the particle jumps through the wall. It is not possible to temporarily retain a particle inside a thin wall. The wall can represent a thin membrane. If a system with a thick membrane inside which particles may diffuse is considered, it can be treated as a three-part with a thick membrane as the middle part. The boundary conditions at membrane surfaces can be assumed as for PPAW. The system with PPAW can be used to filter diffusing particles. The temporal evolution of the probability that the diffusing molecule has not been absorbed is considered. This function shows the efficiency of the filtering process. The impact of subdiffusion and wall parameters on this function is discussed.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures
Density of States of a Coupled-Channel System
Creators: name: Lo, Pok Man
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate how an effective density of states can be derived from the S-matrix describing a coupled-channel system. Besides the locations of poles, the phase of the determinant of the S-matrix encodes essential details in characterizing the dynamics of resonant and non-resonant interactions. The density of states is computed for the two channel scattering problem ($ππ, K \bar{K}$, S-wave), and the influences from the various dynamical structures: poles, roots, branch cuts, and Riemann sheets, are examined.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
Termination Damages and Relational Contracts
Creators: name: Lee, Myoungki
name: Wu, Steven Y.
name: Lee, Myoungki
name: Wu, Steven Y.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: We study the economic impact of proposed legislation requiring processors to pay termination damages to growers when contractual relationships are prematurely severed. In doing so, we derive the optimal relational contract in the presence of asset specificity, ex post market power on the part of processors, and the presence of an exogenous shock that might destroy gains from trade from contracting. The optimal contract then provides a credible framework for assessing how government intervention might affect optimizing behavior of contracting parties. We conclude that termination damages would not be distortionary and would not undermine processors' ability to design effective relational incentives. However, the distribution of surplus would be affected.
Evaluation of the Financial Impact of Flood Management on Residential Losses
Creators: name: Sarmiento, Camilo
name: Miller, Ted E.
name: Sarmiento, Camilo
name: Miller, Ted E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Risk and Uncertainty

description: The purpose of this paper is to examine the impacts that the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) has had on the costs of flooding and on their distribution among payers. This study thus probes the NFIP's financial impact, the centerpiece question about program effectiveness. For the analysis, this paper models the institutional and economic framework of flood relief compensation into the HAZUS-flood model, and calculates the NFIP impact on the distribution of payers for flood losses in special flood hazard areas.
NEXT YEAR ON THE U.S. FARMLAND MARKET: AN INFORMATIONAL APPROACH
Creators: name: Moss, Charles B.
name: Mishra, Ashok K.
name: Erickson, Kenneth W.
name: Moss, Charles B.
name: Mishra, Ashok K.
name: Erickson, Kenneth W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: This paper formulates an information measure for changes in asset values and applies the formulation to farmland values in the United States for 1960-99. The results indicate that changes in asset values contained significant information following the Russian wheat sale in the early 1970s and the financial crisis in agriculture in the mid 1980s. Further, information about preceding year's asset value largely explains the regional distribution of current year's farmland values.
Emergent pattern formation of active magnetic suspensions in an external field
Creators: name: Koessel, Fabian R.
name: Jabbari-Farouji, Sara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study collective self-organization of weakly magnetic active suspensions in a uniform external field by analyzing a mesoscopic continuum model that we have recently developed. Our model is based on a Smoluchowski equation for a particle probability density function in an alignment field coupled to a mean-field description of the flow arising from the activity and the alignment torque. Performing linear stability analysis of the Smoluchowski equation and the resulting orientational moment equations combined with non-linear 3D simulations, we provide a comprehensive picture of instability patterns as a function of strengths of activity and magnetic field. For sufficiently high activity and moderate magnetic field strengths, the competition between the activity-induced flow and external magnetic torque renders a homogeneous polar steady state unstable. As a result, four distinct dynamical patterns of collective motion emerge. The instability patterns for pushers include traveling bands governed by bend-twist instabilities and dynamical aggregates. For pullers, finite-sized and system spanning pillar-like concentrated regions predominated by splay deformations emerge which migrate in the field direction. Notably, at very strong magnetic fields, we observe a reentrant hydrodynamic stability of the polar steady state.
description: 22 pages, 22 figures
Contract Marketing after the 2002 Farm Act: The Case of Peanuts
Creators: name: Revoredo-Giha, Cesar
name: Nadolnyak, Denis A.
name: Fletcher, Stanley M.
name: Revoredo-Giha, Cesar
name: Nadolnyak, Denis A.
name: Fletcher, Stanley M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The elimination of the marketing quota system that regulated the peanut market since the 1930s has been accompanied by the emergence of marketing contracts between farmers and peanut buyers (mainly peanut shellers). Two types of contracts have been observed, forward contracts for delivery at harvest or at a later date and "option to purchase" contracts. We analyze the clauses of contracts used by major shellers in order to infer the motivation behind these contracts (i.e., risk sharing, reduction of transaction costs, improve coordination, exercise of market power, etc.). The analysis points out that the main role of the contracts is to replace the marketing structure existing prior the 2002 Farm Act, where peanut marketing was quite regulated. In this sense, the reduction of transaction costs associated to the need for coordinating a continuous supply of homogeneous quality seems to be the most plausible explanation.
Zwischenkirchliche Beziehungen in Deutschland in freikirchlicher Sicht
Creators: name: Rott, Ludwig
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 13 Nr. 3 (1964): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 13, Heft 3
Search for Alignment of Disk Orientations in Nearby Star-Forming Regions: Lupus, Taurus, Upper Scorpius, $ρ$ Ophiuchi, and Orion
Creators: name: Aizawa, Masataka
name: Suto, Yasushi
name: Oya, Yoko
name: Ikeda, Shiro
name: Nakazato, Takeshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spatial correlations among proto-planetary disk orientations carry unique information on physics of multiple star formation processes. We select five nearby star-forming regions that comprise a number of proto-planetary disks with spatially-resolved images with ALMA and HST, and search for the mutual alignment of the disk axes. Specifically, we apply the Kuiper test to examine the statistical uniformity of the position angle (PA: the angle of the major axis of the projected disk ellipse measured counter-clockwise from the north) distribution. The disks located in the star-forming regions, except the Lupus clouds, do not show any signature of the alignment, supporting the random orientation. Rotational axes of 16 disks with spectroscopic measurement of PA in the Lupus III cloud, a sub-region of the Lupus field, however, exhibit a weak and possible departure from the random distribution at a $2σ$ level, and the inclination angles of the 16 disks are not uniform as well. Furthermore, the mean direction of the disk PAs in the Lupus III cloud is parallel to the direction of its filament structure, and approximately perpendicular to the magnetic field direction. We also confirm the robustness of the estimated PAs in the Lupus clouds by comparing the different observations and estimators based on three different methods including sparse modeling. The absence of the significant alignment of the disk orientation is consistent with the turbulent origin of the disk angular momentum. Further observations are required to confirm/falsify the possible disk alignment in the Lupus III cloud.
description: 26 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
The Effect of Wal-Mart Supercenters on Grocery Prices in New England
Creators: name: Volpe, Richard J.
name: Lavoie, Nathalie
name: Volpe, Richard J.
name: Lavoie, Nathalie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This study analyzes the effect of the presence of Wal-Mart Supercenters on the prices at conventional supermarkets in Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. Using price indexes constructed from primary price data on a basket of 54 goods and holding several demographics and market conditions constant, we determine that Supercenters result in a 7.79% average price reduction in national brand goods and a 6.38% average price reduction in private label goods. Wal-Mart Supercenters also price their groceries on average 15.65% lower than supermarkets competing with Supercenters and 22.28% lower than supermarkets geographically distant from Supercenters.
Photometric and spectroscopic study of the intermediate age open cluster NGC 3960
Creators: name: Bragaglia, A.
name: Tosi, M.
name: Carretta, E.
name: Gratton, R. G.
name: Marconi, G.
name: Pompei, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present CCD UBVI photometry and high-resolution spectroscopy of the intermediate age open cluster NGC 3960. The colour - magnitude diagrams (CMDs) derived from the photometric data and interpreted with the synthetic CMD method allow us to estimate the cluster parameters. We derive: age = 0.9 or 0.6 Gyr (depending on whether or not overshooting from convective regions is included in the adopted stellar models), distance (m-M)0 = 11.6 +/- 0.1, reddening E(B-V) = 0.29 +/- 0.02, differential reddening Delta E(B-V) = 0.05 and approximate metallicity between solar and half of solar. We obtained high resolution spectra of three clump stars, and derived an average [Fe/H] = -0.12 (rms 0.04 dex), in very good agreement with the photometric determination. We also obtained abundances of alpha-elements, Fe-peak elements, and of Ba. The reddenings toward individual stars derived from the spectroscopic temperatures and the Alonso et al. calibrations give further support to the existence of significative variations across the cluster.
description: Accepted for publication on MNRAS; fig. 3, 4, 5, 6 at degraded resolution
Chinese Parents’ Experiences of Parenting When They Have a Mental Illness
Creators: name: CHEN, LINGLING
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 420313
subject: Mental health services
classificationCode: 420504
subject: Mental health nursing

description: By employing a qualitative approach throughout, the current thesis aimed to investigate the parenting experiences and needs of Chinese parents with mental illnesses. Four interrelated studies were conducted, including a systematic review, two interview studies examining mothers’ and fathers’ experiences respectively, and a comparative study exploring gender commonalities and differences among Chinese parents with mental illnesses. Implications relating to clinical practice have been put forward to inform and guide those who support families where a parent has a mental illness in China, such as adopting a family-focused approach in mental health services and delivering gender-sensitive services.
A New Simulated Annealing Algorithm for the Multiple Sequence Alignment Problem: The approach of Polymers in a Random Media
Creators: name: Hernández-Guía, M.
name: Mulet, R.
name: Rodríguez-Pérez, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We proposed a probabilistic algorithm to solve the Multiple Sequence Alignment problem. The algorithm is a Simulated Annealing (SA) that exploits the representation of the Multiple Alignment between $D$ sequences as a directed polymer in $D$ dimensions. Within this representation we can easily track the evolution in the configuration space of the alignment through local moves of low computational cost. At variance with other probabilistic algorithms proposed to solve this problem, our approach allows for the creation and deletion of gaps without extra computational cost. The algorithm was tested aligning proteins from the kinases family. When D=3 the results are consistent with those obtained using a complete algorithm. For $D>3$ where the complete algorithm fails, we show that our algorithm still converges to reasonable alignments. Moreover, we study the space of solutions obtained and show that depending on the number of sequences aligned the solutions are organized in different ways, suggesting a possible source of errors for progressive algorithms.
description: 7 pages and 11 figures
Exploring Spillover Effect of Public Investments in Conservation Programs onto Agritourism
Creators: name: Wilson, Joshua
name: Thilmany, Dawn D.
name: Wilson, Joshua
name: Thilmany, Dawn D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Public investment in farmland-based conservation, such as the Conservation Reserve and Wetlands Reserve Programs (CRP and WRP, respectively), have improved the environmental state of many lands. In this study, we posit that CRP and WRP may contribute to a new farm income stream based on the enhanced recreational opportunities perceived by tourists on farmland that has richer wildlife and fish habitat. Using a new field from the 2002 Ag Census, agritourism (recreational activities as hunting, fishing, and wildlife viewing) is modeled as a function of place characteristics (natural amenities and urban influence), scale of agricultural lands and sales and CRP/WRP investments in a cross-county analysis of the West.
CONSUMERS' WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR FOOD SAFETY: A PATHOGEN SPECIFIC ANALYSIS
Creators: name: Mukhopadhaya, Kaushik
name: Adhikari, Bishwa B.
name: Mumma, Gerald A.
name: Teisl, Mario F.
name: Mukhopadhaya, Kaushik
name: Adhikari, Bishwa B.
name: Mumma, Gerald A.
name: Teisl, Mario F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Contingent valuation
subject: Food Safety
subject: Economic benefits
subject: population survey

description: Estimates of the economic benefits of intervention strategies to make food safer from specific pathogens for different durations of protection are not available. We estimated consumers' willingness to pay for a hypothetical vaccine that would deliver a 1-year, 5- years, 10-years, or lifetime protection against Salmonella, E. coli, or Listeria. We used logit and Tobit models to estimate the economic benefits of food safety measures against these major foodborne pathogens. Based on FoodNet 2002 population survey data, consumers were willing to pay for protection against foodborne pathogens. They were willing to pay more for longer protection and for protection against E. coli compared to Salmonella or Listeria. However, they were less willing to pay if the protection was costly.
Long-range scalar forces in five-dimensional general relativity
Creators: name: Williams, L. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Kaluza first observed that the vacuum Einstein equations written in 5 dimensions (5D) reproduce exactly 4D general relativity and classical electrodynamics, when derivatives of the 5D metric with respect to the 5th coordinate are set to zero. The 15th component of the 5D metric is a 4D long-range scalar field, and the 4D limit emerges as the scalar field goes to one. Here we report new analysis, results, and force effects from the long-range Kaluza scalar field. These considerations reveal a strong electro-gravitic buoyancy force arising from a gravitational coupling between the electric charge of a body and the scalar field around a planet. A new, third characteristic lengthscale for the electro-gravitic fields of a body of mass $M$ and charge $Q$ is identified, $μ_0 Q^2/M$, to go along with the Reissner-Nordstrom lengthscales, $GM/c^2$ and $Q\sqrt{Gμ_0 /c^2}$. At atomic scales, 5D covariance of the source terms requires that the electric, scalar, and gravitational forces all become proportional to electric charge. We discuss these results relative to foundational work by Dicke on long range scalar interactions and the Brans-Dicke scalar-tensor theory, including how interaction with the scalar implies a variable rest mass, and the energetics of the joint scalar-gravitational interaction. We discuss the problems of tuning the only available free parameter, the invariant 5D length element of the sources, to neutralize the scalar force and avoid the otherwise-large scalar force predictions. We conclude that large classical forces are a testable prediction of 5D general relativity sufficient to falsify the 5D hypothesis. Yet the emergence of a new physical interaction lengthscale is suggestive of further unexplored physics of the long range scalar field.
description: text and mathematics, no figures. Table I did not render well
Operator theory on noncommutative varieties
Creators: name: Popescu, Gelu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47A20, 47A56, 47A13, 47A63

description: We develop a dilation theory for row contractions subject to constraints determined by sets of noncommutative polynomials. Under natural conditions on the constraints, we have uniqueness for the minimal dilation. A characteristic function is associated with any (constrained) row contraction. For pure constrained row contraction, we show that the characteristic function is a complete unitary invariant and provide a model. We also show that the curvature invariant and Euler characteristic asssociated with a Hilbert module generated by an arbitrary (resp. commuting) row contraction can be expressed only in terms of the corresponding (resp. constrained) characteristic function. We provide a commutant lifting theorem for pure constrained row contractions and obtain a Nevanlinna-Pick interpolation result in this setting. Our theory includes, in particular, the commutative and q-commutative cases, while the standard noncommutative dilation theory for row contractions serves as a "universal model".
description: Comments
Cryogenic operation of silicon photonic modulators based on DC Kerr effect
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Uttara
name: Carolan, Jacques
name: Clark, Genevieve
name: Bunandar, Darius
name: Notaros, Jelena
name: Watts, Michael R.
name: Englund, Dirk R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Reliable operation of photonic integrated circuits at cryogenic temperatures would enable new capabilities for emerging computing platforms, such as quantum technologies and low-power cryogenic computing. The silicon-on-insulator platform is a highly promising approach to developing large-scale photonic integrated circuits due to its exceptional manufacturability, CMOS compatibility and high component density. Fast, efficient and low-loss modulation at cryogenic temperatures in silicon, however, remains an outstanding challenge, particularly without the addition of exotic nonlinear optical materials. In this paper, we demonstrate DC-Kerr-effect-based modulation at a temperature of 5 K at GHz speeds, in a silicon photonic device fabricated exclusively within a CMOS process. This work opens up the path for the integration of DC Kerr modulators in large-scale photonic integrated circuits for emerging cryogenic classical and quantum computing applications.
EXPLAINING COOPERATION IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Creators: name: Tiller, Kelly
name: Jakus, Paul M.
name: Tiller, Kelly
name: Jakus, Paul M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Public Economics

description: As traditional methods of municipal solid waste management (MSWM) become increasingly expensive due to increased regulation, many local governments are considering cooperation as a waste management strategy. A theoretical model is used to specify a partial observability probability model in which the decision Tennessee counties made to form either a single-county solid waste region or a multi-county region. We find that, while economies of scale may be a factor in the consolidation decision, current and future levels of solid waste services are statistically more important.
Entanglement of an impurity and conduction spins in the Kondo model
Creators: name: Oh, Sangchul
name: Kim, Jaewan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on Yosida's ground state of the single-impurity Kondo Hamiltonian, we study three kinds of entanglement between an impurity and conduction electron spins. First, it is shown that the impurity spin is maximally entangled with all the conduction electrons. Second, a two-spin density matrix of the impurity spin and one conduction electron spin is given by a Werner state. We find that the impurity spin is not entangled with one conduction electron spin even within the Kondo screening length $ξ_K$, although there is the spin-spin correlation between them. Third, we show the density matrix of two conduction electron spins is nearly same to that of a free electron gas. The single impurity does not change the entanglement structure of the conduction electrons in contrast to the dramatic change in electrical resistance.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review B
Magnetic ordering and spin dynamics in $S=5/2$ staggered triangular lattice antiferromagnet Ba$_2$MnTeO$_6$
Creators: name: Li, Lisi
name: Narayanan, Narendirakumar
name: Jin, Shangjian
name: Yu, Jia
name: Liu, Zengjia
name: Sun, Hualei
name: Wang, Chin-Wei
name: Peterson, Vanessa
name: Liu, Yun
name: Sergey, Danilkin
name: Yao, Dao-Xin
name: Yu, Dehong
name: Wang, Meng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report studies of the magnetic properties of a staggered stacked triangular lattice Ba$_2$MnTeO$_6$ using magnetic susceptibility, specific heat, neutron powder diffraction and inelastic neutron scattering measurements, as well as first principles density functional theory calculations. Neutron diffraction measurements reveal an antiferromagnetic order with a propagated vector $\textbf{\emph{k}}=(0.5, 0.5, 0)$ and N{é}el transition temperature of $T_\text{N}\approx20$ K. The dominant interaction derived from the Curie-Weiss fitting to the inverse DC susceptibility is antiferromagnetic. Through modelling the INS spectrum with the linear spin wave theory, the magnetic exchange interactions for the nearest intralayer, nearest interlayer, and next nearest interlayer are determined to be $J_1=0.27(3),J_2=0.27(3),$ and $J_3=-0.05(1)$ meV, respectively, and a small value of easy-axis anisotropy of $D_{zz}=-0.01$ meV is introduced. We derive a magnetic phase diagram that reveals that it is the competition between $J_1, J_2$, and $J_3$ that stabilizes the collinear stripe-type antiferromagnetic order.
description: 10 pages,9 figures
Na-O Anticorrelation And HB I. The Na-O anticorrelation in NGC 2808
Creators: name: Carretta, Eugenio
name: Bragaglia, Angela
name: Gratton, Raffaele
name: Leone, Francesco
name: Recio-Blanco, Alejandra
name: Lucatello, Sara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derived atmospheric parameters and elemental abundances of Fe, O and Na for about 120 red giant stars in the Galactic globular cluster NGC 2808. Our results are based on the analysis of medium-high resolution (R=22000-24000) GIRAFFE spectra acquired with the FLAMES spectrograph at VLT-UT2 as a part of a project aimed at studying the Na-O anticorrelation as a function of physical parameters in globular clusters. We present here the anticorrelation of Na and O abundances in NGC 2808, and we discuss the distribution function of stars along this relation. Besides a bulk of O-normal stars, with composition typical of field halo stars, NGC 2808 seems to host two other groups of O-poor and super O-poor stars. In this regard, NGC 2808 is similar to M 13, the template cluster for the Na-O anticorrelation. However, at variance with M 13, most stars in NGC 2808 are O-rich. This might be related to the horizontal branch morphologies which are very different in these two clusters. The average metallicity we found for NGC 2808 is [Fe/H]=-1.10 (rms=0.065 dex, from 123 stars). We also found some evidence of a small intrinsic spread in metallicity, but more definitive conclusions are hampered by the presence of a small differential reddening.
description: 12 pages, 6 tables, 7 figures. Accepted for publication on A&A
Die Rückwirkung amerikanischer kirchengeschichtlicher Wandlungen auf das evangelische Deutschland im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert
Creators: name: Beyreuther, Erich
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 13 Nr. 3 (1964): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 13, Heft 3
DOES RURAL JOB GROWTH LEAD THE ECONOMY OUT OF RECESSION?
Creators: name: Golub, Alla A.
name: Henderson, Jason R.
name: Foster, Kenneth A.
name: Golub, Alla A.
name: Henderson, Jason R.
name: Foster, Kenneth A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: This paper explores the dynamics of rural and non-rural job growth to investigate if job growth starts in rural places, making it one of the leading indicators of economic growth. Empirical results provide mixed evidence. The mixed results of the Granger non-causality tests could be sensitive to the non-rural area definition. The relationship between rural job growth and non-rural job growth is not restricted to post-recession periods. Analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics data suggests the spillover effects of non-rural growth are larger than the spillover effect of rural growth on non-rural areas. But this positive response of rural growth disappears over time and turns sharply negative. In the long run, "backwash" effects outweigh "spread" effects.