cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Fast-Slow Streamflow Model Using Mass-Conserving LSTM
Creators: name: Quiñones, Miguel Paredes
name: Zortea, Maciel
name: Martins, Leonardo S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: J.2; I.2.m
subject: 68T07

description: Streamflow forecasting is key to effectively managing water resources and preparing for the occurrence of natural calamities being exacerbated by climate change. Here we use the concept of fast and slow flow components to create a new mass-conserving Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network model. It uses hydrometeorological time series and catchment attributes to predict daily river discharges. Preliminary results evidence improvement in skills for different scores compared to the recent literature.
Brane-world inflation: slow-roll corrections to the spectral index
Creators: name: Koyama, Kazuya
name: Mennim, Andrew
name: Wands, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We quantify the slow-roll corrections to primordial density perturbations arising from inflation driven by a four-dimensional scalar field with a monomial potential in a five-dimensional non-compact bulk spacetime. Although the difference between the classical brane-world solutions and standard four-dimensional solutions is large at early times, the change to the amplitude at late times of perturbations generated from quantum fluctuations is first-order in slow-roll parameters, leading to second-order slow-roll corrections to the spectral index. This confirms that the leading-order effects are correctly given by previous work in the literature.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure
Surface dimension, tiles, and synchronising automata
Creators: name: Protasov, Vladimir Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 42C40 Nontrigonometric harmonic analysis involving wavelets and other special systems 28A75, 39A99, 11K55, 68Q45

description: We study the surface regularity of compact sets $G \subset R^n$ which is equal to the supremum of numbers $s\ge 0$ such that the measure of the set $G_{\varepsilon}\setminus G$ does not exceed $C\varepsilon^{s}, \varepsilon > 0$, where $G_{\varepsilon}$ denotes the $\varepsilon$-neighbourhood of~$G$. The surface dimension is by definition the difference between~$n$ and the surface regularity. Those values provide a natural characterisation of regularity for sets of positive measure. We show that for self-affine attractors and tiles those characteristics are explicitly computable and find them for some popular tiles. This, in particular, gives a refined regularity scale for the multivariate Haar wavelets. The classification of attractors of the highest possible regularity is addressed. The relation between the surface regularity and the Hölder regularity of multivariate refinable functions and wavelets is found. Finally, the surface regularity is applied to the theory of synchronising automata, where it corresponds to the concept of parameter of synchronisation.
description: 30 pages, 5 figures
Rural Populations: Using Performance Studies to Understand Treatment and Access to Care Portrait Introduction Video
Creators: name: Sufian, Sandra
name: Case, Gretchen
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 110305 Emergency Medicine
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 220106 Medical Ethics
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 190404 Drama, Theatre and Performance Studies
subject: FOS: Arts (arts, history of arts, performing arts, music)
subject: 160804 Rural Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: In this video introduction, Gretchen Case, the creator of the Rural Populations portrait, frames the portrait, introduces performance studies, and offers a video of the winding road to the hospital that her interviewee has to drive.
The Health Humanities Portrait, Rural Populations: Using Performance Studies to Understand Treatment and Access to Care, identifies the challenges and differences related to privacy and geographical access in the delivery of health care in a rural or remote setting.
These introduction video should be used when teaching this portrait.
Optimal randomized classification trees
Creators: name: Blanquero, Rafael
name: Carrizosa, Emilio
name: Molero-Río, Cristina
name: Morales, Dolores Romero
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Classification and Regression Trees (CARTs) are off-the-shelf techniques in modern Statistics and Machine Learning. CARTs are traditionally built by means of a greedy procedure, sequentially deciding the splitting predictor variable(s) and the associated threshold. This greedy approach trains trees very fast, but, by its nature, their classification accuracy may not be competitive against other state-of-the-art procedures. Moreover, controlling critical issues, such as the misclassification rates in each of the classes, is difficult. To address these shortcomings, optimal decision trees have been recently proposed in the literature, which use discrete decision variables to model the path each observation will follow in the tree. Instead, we propose a new approach based on continuous optimization. Our classifier can be seen as a randomized tree, since at each node of the decision tree a random decision is made. The computational experience reported demonstrates the good performance of our procedure.
description: This research has been financed in part by research projects EC H2020 MSCA RISE NeEDS (Grant agreement ID: 822214), FQM-329 and P18-FR-2369 (Junta de Andaluc\'ia), and PID2019-110886RB-I00 (Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\'on y Universidades, Spain). This support is gratefully acknowledged
Finite-size scaling at the edge of disorder in a time-delay Vicsek model
Creators: name: Holubec, Viktor
name: Geiss, Daniel
name: Loos, Sarah A. M.
name: Kroy, Klaus
name: Cichos, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Living many-body systems often exhibit scale-free collective behavior reminiscent of thermal critical phenomena. But their mutual interactions are inevitably retarded due to information processing and delayed actuation. We numerically investigate the consequences for the finite-size scaling in the Vicsek model of motile active matter. A growing delay time initially facilitates but ultimately impedes collective ordering and turns the dynamical scaling from diffusive to ballistic. It provides an alternative explanation of swarm traits previously attributed to inertia.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, supplementary information available on demand
British Journal for Military History, Vol 7 No 3 (2021)
Creators: name: British Journal For Military History
Publisher: name: British Journal for Military History
Year: 2021

description: Editorial...1 Ellora Bennett, Guido M. Berndt, Stefan Esders and Laury Sarty (eds.), Early Medieval Militarisation...150-151 Wounds & Weapons in the Napoleonic War: a database of the Peninsular War...117-127 Napoleonic Conscription in Indre-et-Loire 1798-1814...2-19 Stephen M Miller (ed.), Queen Victoria’s Wars: British Military Campaigns, 1857-1902...151-153 French Torpedo Development before 1914...128-141 Lord Kitchener’s Appointment as Secretary of State for War in 1914...20-38 Christopher Phillips, Civilian Specialists at War: Britain’s Transport Experts and the First World War...153-155 Missing Links or Left Behind? Reassessing Research on the Bundeswehr’s Military Capabilities and Operational History...142-149 Step Forward the Cowards! – Humiliation, Shame and Countershame in Memories of the White Feather Campaign...39-56 Nick Lloyd, The Western Front: A History of the First World War...155-157 Solving the Riddle of the Anzac Cove Landing...57-80 John Spencer, Wilson’s War: Sir Henry Wilson’s Influence on British Military Policy in the Great War and its Aftermath...157-159 Static and Dynamic Strategy Making: Egypt, Singapore, Dill and Brooke...81-100 Radhika Singha, The Coolie’s Great War: Indian Labour in a Global Conflict, 1914-1921...159-161 United Kingdom Submarine Nuclear Propulsion...101-116 Michael Robinson, Shell-shocked British Army Veterans in Ireland, 1918–39: A Difficult Homecoming...161-163 Jeremy A Crang, Sisters in Arms: Women in the British Armed Forces during the Second World War...163-165 Bair Irincheev, Vyborg 1944: The Last Soviet-Finnish Campaign on the Eastern Front, translated by Kevin Bridge...165-167 S P MacKenzie, Bomber Boys on Screen: RAF Bomber Command in Film and Television Drama...167-168
On the consistency relation of the 3-point function in single field inflation
Creators: name: Cheung, Clifford
name: Fitzpatrick, A. Liam
name: Kaplan, Jared
name: Senatore, Leonardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The consistency relation for the 3-point function of the CMB is a very powerful observational signature which is believed to be true for every inflationary model in which there is only one dynamical degree of freedom. Its importance relies on the fact that deviations from it might be detected in next generation experiments, allowing us to rule out all single field inflationary models. After making more precise the already existing proof of the consistency relation, we use a recently developed effective field theory for inflationary perturbations to provide an alternative and very explicit proof valid at leading non trivial order in slow roll parameters.
description: 31 pages. v2: Added references and comments, JCAP published version
Ultimate capacity limit of a multi-span link with phase-insensitive amplification
Creators: name: Jarzyna, Marcin
name: Garcia-Patron, Raul
name: Banaszek, Konrad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The Shannon capacity of a point-to-point link with an optimised configuration of optical amplifiers is compared with general detection strategies permitted by quantum mechanics. Results suggest that the primary application area of receivers based on such strategies may be unamplified short-distance links or free-space optical communication
description: 4 pages, 3 figures. Presented at the 45th European Conference on Optical Communication, 22-26 September 2019, Dublin, Ireland
In-medium Pions and Partial Restoration of Chiral Symmetry: a model-independent analysis
Creators: name: Jido, D.
name: Hatsuda, T.
name: Kunihiro, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exploiting operator relations in QCD, we derive a novel and model-independent formula relating the in-medium quark condensate * to the decay constant F*_t and the wave function renormalization constant Z* of the pion in the nuclear medium. Evaluating Z* at low density from the iso-scalar pion-nucleon scattering data, it is concluded that the enhanced repulsion of the s-wave isovector pion-nucleusinteraction observed in the deeply bound pionic atoms implies directly the reduction of the in-medium quark condensate. The knowlege of the in-medium pion mass is not necessary to reach this conclusion.
description: 4 pages, Talk given at the Yukawa International Seminar (YKIS) 2006, "New frontiers in QCD -- Exotic hadrons and hadronic matter", Kyoto, Japan, 20 Nov. - 8 Dec. 2006. To be published in Supplemet of Prog. Theor. Phys
Using DDI to document a complex longitudinal study
Creators: name: Radler, Barry T.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: DDI
metadata
NADDI2019

description: Comprehensive research metadata greatly clarify the methods and processes used to capture data and produce datasets. In so doing, they provide data users the information needed to better analyze, interpret, preserve and share them. Richly structured metadata are even more critical with complex longitudinal studies that contain thousands of variables, different data types and many waves of data collection. Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) is a national longitudinal study of approximately 12,000 Americans that examines aging as an integrated biopsychosocial process. MIDUS has a broad and unique blend of survey, experimental and laboratory research data collected over 20 years through a variety of modes. For the last decade, MIDUS has increasingly relied on the DDI to manage these complex research data and make their metadata machine-actionable in a userfriendly format. More recently, MIDUS has used Colectica tools to improve its DDI infrastructure and create a DDI-based harmonized data extraction system. Such a system allows researchers to search across datasets for variables of interest, identify and harmonize related longitudinal versions of variables, and easily create customized data exports.
Defect detection and NDE of low-modulus PMMA material using mechanical loading and WFT analysis
Creators: name: Dhanotia, Jitendra
name: Chatterjee, Amit
name: Bhatia, Vimal
name: Prakash, Shashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In present communication, we report our investigations undertaken towards detection of defects and non-destructive evaluation of low-modulus sample of Poly Methyl Metha Acrylate (PMMA) material using phase measuring deflectometry and windowed Fourier transform (WFT). The slope of the phase provides the information regarding defects and surface variation of the object. Experimental results conclusively establish the viability of the technique.
Missing Links or Left Behind? Reassessing Research on the Bundeswehr’s Military Capabilities and Operational History
Creators: name: Leixner, Nicolas
Publisher: name: British Journal for Military History
Year: 2021

description: Reports about lacking operational readiness have haunted the German Armed Forces ever since the core mission reverted to collective defence. New research even suggests that deficits in conventional warfighting capability emerged long before this shift in strategic focus. The Bundeswehr’s operational history however has, unlike other topics, not yet been sufficiently addressed from this changed perspective. This research note therefore argues that more attention on issues pertaining to military capabilities is warranted and makes the case that scholars will find both academic and practical relevance in the pursuit of such research.
description: British Journal for Military History, Vol 7 No 3 (2021)
French Torpedo Development before 1914
Creators: name: Madsen, Chris
Publisher: name: British Journal for Military History
Year: 2021

description: France embraced the promise of self-propelled torpedoes in the early decades of development. Proponents of the Jeune École put it at the centre of naval strategy, tactics, and fleet composition, as a way for a weaker navy to challenge a stronger. Even as the French Navy fell under the influence of Alfred Thayer Mahan and constructed a big gun battlefleet, the advanced torpedo still maintained its prominence. A contemporary publication distributed within the French Navy provides technical details, capabilities, and quality of design for standard French model types before the First World War.
description: British Journal for Military History, Vol 7 No 3 (2021)
United Kingdom Submarine Nuclear Propulsion
Creators: name: Jones, Gareth
Publisher: name: British Journal for Military History
Year: 2021

description: June 2019 saw the fiftieth anniversary of the first Royal Navy ‘Continuous at sea Deterrent’ patrol which was carried out by a nuclear-powered submarine equipped with the Polaris missile. This article looks at how the UK undertook the development and deployment of the nuclear propulsion plant for such submarines.
description: British Journal for Military History, Vol 7 No 3 (2021)
Don't Touch Me! A Comparison of Usability on Touch and Non-Touch Inputs
Creators: name: Waugh, Kieran
name: Robertson, Judy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Public touchscreens are filthy and, regardless of how often they are cleaned, they pose a considerable risk in the transmission of bacteria and viruses. While we rely on their use, we should find a feasible alternative to touch devices. Non-touch (touchless) interaction, via the use of mid-air gestures, has been previously labelled as not user friendly and unsuitable. However, previous works have extensively compared such interaction to precise mouse movements. In this paper, we investigate and compare the usability of an interface controlled via a touchscreen and a non-touch device. Participants (N=22) using a touchscreen and the Leap Motion Controller, performed tasks on a mock-up ticketing machine, later evaluating their experience using the System Usability and Gesture Usability scales. Results show that, in contrast to the previous works, the non-touch method was usable and quickly learnable. We conclude with recommendations for future work on making a non-touch interface more user-friendly.
description: To appear in INTERACT 2021 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science). 4 pages, 7 figures
Static and Dynamic Strategy Making: Egypt, Singapore, Dill and Brooke
Creators: name: Coulson, Stephen G
Publisher: name: British Journal for Military History
Year: 2021

description: In 1941 Britain faced the strategic dilemma of how to apportion forces between the defence of the British Isles, the Mediterranean and its interests in Australasia. Determining the priorities between these theatres and the required balance of forces was the cause of disagreement between Churchill and his successive Chiefs of the Imperial General Staff, Sir John Dill and Sir Alan Brooke. Ultimately, Brooke was successful in maintaining the trust of Churchill, and retained his job; while Dill was unsuccessful and was sacked. This paper examines the different analytical processes, static and dynamic, that Dill and Brooke employed to determine strategy.
description: British Journal for Military History, Vol 7 No 3 (2021)
$\mathcal{PT}$ phase transition in open quantum systems with Lindblad dynamics
Creators: name: Nakanishi, Yuma
name: Sasamoto, Tomohiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate parity-time ($\mathcal{PT}$) phase transitions in open quantum systems and discuss a criterion of Liouvillian $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry proposed recently by Huber \textit{et al}. [J. Huber \textit{et al}., SciPost Phys. $\textbf{9}$, 52 (2020)]. Using the third quantization, which is a general method to solve the Lindblad equation for open quadratic systems, we show, with a proposed criterion of $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry, that the eigenvalue structure of the Liouvillian clearly changes at the $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry breaking point for an open 2-spin model with exactly balanced gain and loss if the total spin is large. In particular, in a $\mathcal{PT}$ unbroken phase, some eigenvalues are pure imaginary numbers while in a $\mathcal{PT}$ broken phase, all the eigenvalues are real. From this result, it is analytically shown for an open quantum system including quantum jumps that the dynamics in the long time limit changes from an oscillatory to an overdamped behavior at the proposed $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry breaking point. Furthermore, we show a direct relation between the criterion of Huber \textit{et al}. of Liouvillian $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry and the dynamics of the physical quantities for quadratic bosonic systems. Our results support the validity of the proposed criterion of Liouvillian $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures
Solving the Riddle of the Anzac Cove Landing
Creators: name: Bennett, Victor G
Publisher: name: British Journal for Military History
Year: 2021

description: The landings at Gallipoli’s Anzac Cove on 25 April 1915 will forever be enshrined in Australian and New Zealand history, but historians remain deeply divided over whether landing in such appallingly difficult terrain was in fact a mistake. While this issue remains unresolved to this day, research based on primary sources proves beyond reasonable doubt that the Royal Navy was in the wrong place before the landings began. Certain naval officers, however, quickly became aware of the error and did their utmost to correct it. Despite those efforts, the landing still took place more than a mile north of where intended. Corroboration of the eye-witness accounts of those naval officers explains why and how this happened.
description: British Journal for Military History, Vol 7 No 3 (2021)
The Synchrony of Production & Escape: Half the Bright Ly$α$ Emitters at $z\approx2$ have Lyman Continuum Escape Fractions $\approx50\%$
Creators: name: Naidu, Rohan P.
name: Matthee, Jorryt
name: Oesch, Pascal A.
name: Conroy, Charlie
name: Sobral, David
name: Pezzulli, Gabriele
name: Hayes, Matthew
name: Erb, Dawn
name: Amorín, Ricardo
name: Gronke, Max
name: Schaerer, Daniel
name: Tacchella, Sandro
name: Kerutt, Josephine
name: Paulino-Afonso, Ana
name: Calhau, João
name: Llerena, Mario
name: Röttgering, Huub
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ionizing photon escape fraction (LyC $f_{\rm{esc}}$) of star-forming galaxies is the single greatest unknown in the reionization budget. Stochastic sightline effects prohibit the direct separation of LyC leakers from non-leakers at significant redshift. Here we circumvent this uncertainty by inferring $f_{\rm{esc}}$ with resolved (R>4000) LyA profiles from the X-SHOOTER LyA survey at z=2 (XLS-z2). We select leakers ($f_{\rm{esc}}>20$%) and non-leakers ($f_{\rm{esc}}<5$%) from a representative sample of $>0.2 L^{*}$ LyA emitters (LAEs). With median stacked spectra of these subsets covering 1000-8000 Å (rest-frame) we investigate the conditions for LyC $f_{\rm{esc}}$. We find the following differences between leakers vs. non-leakers: (i) strong nebular CIV and HeII emission vs. non-detections, (ii) O32~8.5 vs. ~3, (iii) Ha/Hb indicating no dust vs. E(B-V)~0.3, (iv) MgII emission close to the systemic velocity vs. redshifted, optically thick MgII, (v) LyA $f_{\rm{esc}}$ of ~50% vs. ~10%. The extreme EWs in leakers (O3+Hb~1100 Å) constrain the characteristic timescale of LyC escape to ~3-10 Myr bursts when short-lived stars with the hardest ionizing spectra shine. The defining traits of leakers -- extremely ionizing stellar populations, low column densities, a dust-free, high ionization state ISM -- occur simultaneously in the $f_{\rm{esc}}>20\%$ stack, suggesting they are causally connected, and motivating why indicators like O32 may suffice to constrain $f_{\rm{esc}}$ at z>6 with JWST. The leakers comprise half our sample, have a median LyC $f_{\rm{esc}}$~50%, and an ionising production efficiency $\log({ξ_{\rm{ion}}/\rm{Hz\ erg^{-1}}})$~25.9. These results show LAEs -- the type of galaxies rare at z=2, but that become the norm at higher redshift -- are highly efficient ionizers, with extreme $ξ_{\rm{ion}}$ and prolific $f_{\rm{esc}}$ occurring in sync. (ABRIDGED)
description: Submitted to MNRAS. Figure 4 and Table 2 show key results from the stacks. Figure 8 presents a unifying scheme for the LyC duty cycle. Our companion paper (Matthee & Naidu et al. 2021) works out implications of these results for the cosmic UV background at $z\approx2-8$. Comments warmly welcomed and greatly appreciated!
Goldilocks Supersymmetry: Simultaneous Solution to the Dark Matter and Flavor Problems of Supersymmetry
Creators: name: Feng, Jonathan L.
name: Smith, Bryan T.
name: Takayama, Fumihiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutralino dark matter is well motivated, but also suffers from two shortcomings: it requires gravity-mediated supersymmetry breaking, which generically violates flavor constraints, and its thermal relic density Ωis typically too large. We propose a simple solution to both problems: neutralinos freezeout with Ω~10-100, but then decay to ~1 GeV gravitinos, which are simultaneously light enough to satisfy flavor constraints and heavy enough to be all of dark matter. This scenario is naturally realized in high-scale gauge-mediation models, ameliorates small scale structure problems, and implies that ``cosmologically excluded'' models may, in fact, be cosmologically preferred.
description: 4 pages; v2: references added; v3: published version
Step Forward the Cowards! – Humiliation, Shame and Countershame in Memories of the White Feather Campaign
Creators: name: Moorey, Stirling
Publisher: name: British Journal for Military History
Year: 2021

description: One of the most enduring and dramatic tropes of the First World War is the image of a young woman giving a white feather to a man who is not in uniform to shame him into enlisting. This article examines the ‘White Feather Campaign’ from a history of emotions perspective, focusing on the male shame experience. It analyses this as part of a dynamic interaction of the participants: the white feather giver, the receiver, and the witness(es). The narratives of the men involved illustrate the varied ways they regained their sense of manhood in the face of humiliation: through reframing and counter-shaming.
description: British Journal for Military History, Vol 7 No 3 (2021)
Lord Kitchener’s Appointment as Secretary of State for War in 1914
Creators: name: Young, John W
Publisher: name: British Journal for Military History
Year: 2021

description: Lord Kitchener was a popular choice as Britain’s Secretary for War in 1914, but many facts about his selection are contested, including why he was recalled to London and who did most to urge the appointment. While some have argued that the decision was forced on the Liberal government by the Conservative opposition and the Press, this interpretation was dismissed as a ‘silly figment’ by the Prime Minister, H. H. Asquith. This article provides a detailed consideration of the appointment, considers possible reasons for Asquith’s action, seeks to resolve ambiguities in the evidence, but also raises doubts about widely-accepted details.
description: British Journal for Military History, Vol 7 No 3 (2021)
Intense optical parametric amplification in dispersion engineered nanophotonic lithium niobate waveguides
Creators: name: Ledezma, Luis
name: Sekine, Ryoto
name: Guo, Qiushi
name: Nehra, Rajveer
name: Jahani, Saman
name: Marandi, Alireza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strong amplification in integrated photonics is one of the most desired optical functionalities for computing, communications, sensing, and quantum information processing. Semiconductor gain and cubic nonlinearities, such as four-wave mixing and stimulated Raman and Brillouin scattering, have been among the most studied amplification mechanisms on chip. Alternatively, material platforms with strong quadratic nonlinearities promise numerous advantages with respect to gain and bandwidth, among which nanophotonic lithium niobate is one of the most promising candidates. Here, we combine quasi-phase matching with dispersion engineering in nanophotonic lithium niobate waveguides and achieve intense optical parametric amplification. We measure a broadband phase-sensitive on-chip amplification larger than 45 dB/cm in a 2.5-mm-long waveguide. We further confirm high gain operation in the degenerate and non-degenerate regimes by amplifying vacuum fluctuations to macroscopic levels in a 6-mm-long waveguide, with on-chip gains exceeding 100 dB/cm over 600 nm of bandwidth around 2 $μ$m. Our results unlock new possibilities for on-chip few-cycle nonlinear optics, mid-infrared photonics, and quantum photonics.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Napoleonic Conscription in Indre-et-Loire 1798-1814
Creators: name: Callister, Graeme
Publisher: name: British Journal for Military History
Year: 2021

description: Scholarship around Napoleonic conscription has often focused on the contest and resistance with which the state’s quest to impose compulsory service was met, and has emphasised the broad means by which conscripts sought to avoid or evade military obligations. This article will focus on outlining the experience of conscription in the Napoleonic department of Indre-et-Loire and will argue that while open evasion was a clear challenge to the authority of the state, the largest numerical challenge to filling the ranks of the army came from those who complied with conscription legislation in order to seek legal exemptions.
description: British Journal for Military History, Vol 7 No 3 (2021)
Structural, mechanical, and vibrational properties of particulate physical gels
Creators: name: Mizuno, Hideyuki
name: Hachiya, Makoto
name: Ikeda, Atsushi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Our lives are surrounded by a rich assortment of disordered materials. In particular, glasses are well known as dense, amorphous materials, whereas gels exist in low-density, disordered states. Recent progress has provided a significant step forward in understanding the material properties of glasses, such as mechanical, vibrational, and transport properties. In contrast, our understanding of particulate physical gels is still highly limited. Here, using molecular dynamics simulations, we study a simple model of particulate physical gels, the Lennard-Jones (LJ) gels, and provide a comprehensive understanding of their structural, mechanical, and vibrational properties, all of which are markedly different from those of glasses. First, the LJ gels show sparse, heterogeneous structures, and the length scale $ξ_s$ of the structures grows as the density is lowered. Second, the gels are extremely soft, with both shear $G$ and bulk $K$ moduli being orders of magnitude smaller than those of glasses. Third, many low-frequency vibrational modes are excited, which form a characteristic plateau with the onset frequency $ω_\ast$ in the vibrational density of states. Structural, mechanical, and vibrational properties, characterized by $ξ_s$, $G$, $K$, and $ω_\ast$, respectively, show power-law scaling behaviors with the density, which establishes a close relationship between them. Throughout the present work, we reveal that gels are multiscale, solid-state materials: (i) homogeneous elastic bodies at long lengths, (ii) heterogeneous elastic bodies with fractal structures at intermediate lengths, and (iii) amorphous structural bodies at short lengths.
description: 23pages, 19figures
Long-range frustration in T=0 first-step replica-symmetry-broken solutions of finite-connectivity spin glasses
Creators: name: Zhou, Jie
name: Ma, Hui
name: Zhou, Haijun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a finite-connectivity spin-glass at the zero-temperature limit, long-range correlations exist among the unfrozen vertices (whose spin values being non-fixed). Such long-range frustrations are partially removed through the first-step replica-symmetry-broken (1RSB) cavity theory, but residual long-range frustrations may still persist in this mean-field solution. By way of population dynamics, here we perform a perturbation-percolation analysis to calculate the magnitude of long-range frustrations in the 1RSB solution of a given spin-glass system. We study two well-studied model systems, the minimal vertex-cover problem and the maximal 2-satisfiability problem. This work points to a possible way of improving the zero-temperature 1RSB mean-field theory of spin-glasses.
description: 5 pages, two figures. To be published in JSTAT
Wounds & Weapons in the Napoleonic War: a database of the Peninsular War
Creators: name: De Blas, Antonio Grajal
name: Campos, Jorge Planas
Publisher: name: British Journal for Military History
Year: 2021

description: The research supporting the authors’ book Officiers de Napoléon tués ou blesses pendant la Guerre d’Espagne (1808-1814) has uncovered a database of over 4,000 entries where the wounds, and the weapons that produced them, are described in some detail. This information can be cross-referenced with any of the other data in the book. The note includes tables relating the location of the wound, the different weapons causing the wound and the breakdown by arm (infantry, artillery, cavalry). The authors are ready to provide a suitable version of the database to researchers working in the field.
description: British Journal for Military History, Vol 7 No 3 (2021)
Letter from Kathleen Raine to Robin Skelton, June 25, [1970]
Creators: name: Raine, Kathleen, 1908-2003
Publisher: name: University of Victoria Libraries
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Wiccans
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1765210
subject: Critics
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/883769
subject: Novelists
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1039684
subject: Authors, English
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/821945
subject: Periodicals--Publishing
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1058100
subject: Scholars
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1106878
subject: Editors
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/902475
subject: Novelists, English
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1039718
subject: Platonists
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1066881
subject: Literature, Modern
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1000172
subject: Raine, Kathleen, 1908-2003
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/52672
subject: Book industries and trade
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/836171
subject: Authors
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/821688
subject: Neoplatonism
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1035884
subject: Poets
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1067778
subject: Periodical editors
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1058064
subject: Skelton, Robin
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/51853
subject: English poetry--Manuscripts
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/912320
subject: Poets, English
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1067870
subject: Philosophy
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1060777
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion

description: Part of a collection of correspondence from Kathleen Raine to Robin Skelton. Skelton was a British poet, academic, anthologist, and practicing Wiccan. He taught at Manchester University before emigrating to Canada in 1963, where he taught creative writing at the University of Victoria and started the literary magazine The Malahat Review. Also included are some letters to Skelton’s wife Sylvia, and his daughters. Spanning close to forty-five years, the correspondence discusses poetry, writing, and philosophy; particularly Platonism and Neoplatonism. Raine often refers to the writings of William Blake and W. B. Yeats. Many letters also mention contemporary literary figures at the time including: Herbert Read, Peter Russell, Liam Miller, and Thurairajah Tambimuttu. In this letter, Raine inquires about the possibility of selling her manuscripts to Philobiblion.
On the Nature of Freezing/Melting Water in Ionic Polysulfones
Creators: name: Vondrasek, Britannia
name: Wen, Chengyuan
name: Cheng, Shengfeng
name: Riffle, Judy S.
name: Lesko, John J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the behavior of hydrated sulfonated polysulfones over a range of ion contents through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Experimental evidence shows that at comparable ion contents, the spacing between the ionic groups along the polymer backbone can significantly impact the amount of melting water present in the polymer. When we only consider water molecules that can hydrogen bond to four neighboring water molecules as the melting water, the MD simulation results are found to agree with the experimental data. The states of water measured by DSC can therefore be described as "aggregated" (or bulk-like) for the melting component, and "isolated" for the nonmelting part. Using this physical picture, a polymer with more aggregated ions has a higher content of melting water, while a polymer at the same ion content but with more dispersed ions has a lower content of melting water. Therefore, ions should be well dispersed to minimize the amount of bulk-like water in ionic polymer membranes.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures
Use of DDI to support data curation in Dataverse
Creators: name: Leahey, Amber
name: Lubitch, Victoria
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: DDI
metadata
NADDI2019

description: Dataverse is an open source data repository platform developed by the Institute for Quantitative Social Science at Harvard University (with contributors and adopters from all around the world). Dataverse supports researchers with open and mediated data publishing, sharing, research promotion, and the reuse of others’ data. The Dataverse platform makes it easy to deposit and publish research data; however, often deposited research data require additional preparation and curation to be ready for meaningful reuse. Data require accurate and rich documentation and metadata—without them, data are meaningless. Standard metadata, such as DDI, are useful for describing data in Dataverse. This presentation will demonstrate how Dataverse supports the creation of metadata for improved data discovery, access and reuse, and the preservation of research data in Dataverse.
Multi-Modal Multi-Instance Learning for Retinal Disease Recognition
Creators: name: Li, Xirong
name: Zhou, Yang
name: Wang, Jie
name: Lin, Hailan
name: Zhao, Jianchun
name: Ding, Dayong
name: Yu, Weihong
name: Chen, Youxin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper attacks an emerging challenge of multi-modal retinal disease recognition. Given a multi-modal case consisting of a color fundus photo (CFP) and an array of OCT B-scan images acquired during an eye examination, we aim to build a deep neural network that recognizes multiple vision-threatening diseases for the given case. As the diagnostic efficacy of CFP and OCT is disease-dependent, the network's ability of being both selective and interpretable is important. Moreover, as both data acquisition and manual labeling are extremely expensive in the medical domain, the network has to be relatively lightweight for learning from a limited set of labeled multi-modal samples. Prior art on retinal disease recognition focuses either on a single disease or on a single modality, leaving multi-modal fusion largely underexplored. We propose in this paper Multi-Modal Multi-Instance Learning (MM-MIL) for selectively fusing CFP and OCT modalities. Its lightweight architecture (as compared to current multi-head attention modules) makes it suited for learning from relatively small-sized datasets. For an effective use of MM-MIL, we propose to generate a pseudo sequence of CFPs by over sampling a given CFP. The benefits of this tactic include well balancing instances across modalities, increasing the resolution of the CFP input, and finding out regions of the CFP most relevant with respect to the final diagnosis. Extensive experiments on a real-world dataset consisting of 1,206 multi-modal cases from 1,193 eyes of 836 subjects demonstrate the viability of the proposed model.
description: Accepted by ACM Multimedia 2021 (Main Track)
DPEx-II: A New Dusty Plasma Device Capable of Producing Large Sized DC Coulomb Crystals
Creators: name: Arumugam, Saravanan
name: Bandyopadhyay, Pintu
name: Singh, Swarnima
name: Hariprasad, M. G.
name: Rathod, Dinesh
name: Arora, Garima
name: Sen, Abhijit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The creation of a spatially extended stable DC complex plasma crystal is a big experimental challenge and a topical area of research in the field of dusty plasmas. In this paper we describe a newly built and commissioned dusty plasma experimental device, DPEx-II, at the Institute for Plasma Research. The device can support the formation of large sized Coulomb crystals in a DC glow discharge plasma. The plasma in this L-shaped table-top glass chamber is produced between a circular anode and a long tray shaped cathode. It is characterized with the help of various electrostatic probes over a range of discharge conditions. The dust particles are introduced by a dust dispenser to form a strongly coupled Coulomb crystal in the cathode sheath region. The unique asymmetric electrode configuration minimizes the heating of dust particles and facilitates the formation of crystalline structures with a maximum achievable dimension of 40~cm X 15~cm using this device. A larger crystal has numerous advantages over smaller ones, such as higher structural homogeneity, fewer defects, lower statistical errors due to finite size effects etc.. A host of diagnostics tools are provided to characterize the Coulomb crystal. Results of a few initial experiments aimed at demonstrating the technical capabilities of the device and its potential for future dusty plasma research, are reported.
description: This paper contains 13 pages with 23 figures
Wu_SMR_CFPS.sas
Creators: name: Wu, Qiong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: This SAS programming file includes the codes for data processing and analysis of the paper "Comparing single- and multiple-question designs of measuring family income in China Family Panel Studies" accepted by Sociological Methods and Research.
Zuranolone: First Approval
Creators: name: Heo, Young-A
Publisher: name: Adis Journals
Year: 2023
Subjects: Medicine

description:   
Funding The preparation of this review was not supported by any external funding.
Authorship and Conflict of interest During the peer review process the manufacturer of the agent under review was offered an opportunity to comment on the article. Changes resulting from any comments received were made by the authors on the basis of scientific completeness and accuracy. Young-A Heo is a salaried employee of Adis International Ltd/Springer Nature, and declares no relevant conflicts of interest. All authors contributed to this article and are responsible for its content.
Ethics approval, Consent to participate, Consent to publish, Availability of data and material, Code availability Not applicable.
Additional information about this Adis Drug Review can be found here
Abstract
 Zuranolone (ZURZUVAE™) is an oral neuroactive steroid and a positive allosteric modulator of the gamma aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptor being developed by Sage Therapeutics and Biogen for the treatment of mood disorders. In August 2023, zuranolone received its first approval in the USA for the treatment of adults with postpartum depression [pending scheduling by the US Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)]. This article summarizes the milestones in the development of zuranolone leading to this first approval. 
  
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023
Improving Question Answering Model Robustness with Synthetic Adversarial Data Generation
Creators: name: Bartolo, Max
name: Thrush, Tristan
name: Jia, Robin
name: Riedel, Sebastian
name: Stenetorp, Pontus
name: Kiela, Douwe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Despite recent progress, state-of-the-art question answering models remain vulnerable to a variety of adversarial attacks. While dynamic adversarial data collection, in which a human annotator tries to write examples that fool a model-in-the-loop, can improve model robustness, this process is expensive which limits the scale of the collected data. In this work, we are the first to use synthetic adversarial data generation to make question answering models more robust to human adversaries. We develop a data generation pipeline that selects source passages, identifies candidate answers, generates questions, then finally filters or re-labels them to improve quality. Using this approach, we amplify a smaller human-written adversarial dataset to a much larger set of synthetic question-answer pairs. By incorporating our synthetic data, we improve the state-of-the-art on the AdversarialQA dataset by 3.7F1 and improve model generalisation on nine of the twelve MRQA datasets. We further conduct a novel human-in-the-loop evaluation to show that our models are considerably more robust to new human-written adversarial examples: crowdworkers can fool our model only 8.8% of the time on average, compared to 17.6% for a model trained without synthetic data.
description: EMNLP 2021