cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Analytical characterization of the genuine multiparticle negativity
Creators: name: Hofmann, Martin
name: Moroder, Tobias
name: Gühne, Otfried
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The genuine multiparticle negativity is a measure of genuine multiparticle entanglement which can be computed numerically. We present several results how this entanglement measure can be characterized analytically. First, we show that with an appropriate normalization this measure can be seen as coming from a mixed convex roof construction. Based on this, we determine its value for $n$-qubit GHZ-diagonal states and four-qubit cluster-diagonal states.
description: 23 Pages Appendix included, version 2 contains only minor changes
ค่านิยมที่มีต่อผู้ชายและผู้หญิง: ภาพสะท้อนจากสำนวนไทยและสำนวนจีน
Creators: name: ศิริวรรณ แสนยากุล ตัน
Publisher: name: กองบริหารการวิจัย
Year: 2566
Subjects: ค่านิยม
ผู้ชาย
ผู้หญิง
สำนวนไทย
สํานวนจีน

description: วารสารธรรมศาสตร์, 42, 2, 158-176
Flore d'Afrique centrale - Spermatophyta - Cannabaceae
Creators: name: Hauman, L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1948
Subjects: Flora
Plants
Identification
Botany
Systematics
Taxonomy
Central Africa
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Rwanda
Burundi

description: PDF version of treatment of Cannabaceae in Flore d'Afrique centrale series
Accurate prediction of structural and mechanical properties on amorphous materials enabled through machine-learning potentials: a case study of silicon nitride
Creators: name: Nayak, Ganesh Kumar
name: Srinivasan, Prashanth
name: Todt, Juraj
name: Daniel, Rostislav
name: Nicolini, Paolo
name: Holec, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Amorphous silicon nitride (a-SiN) is a material which has found wide application due to its excellent mechanical and electrical properties. Despite the significant effort devoted in understanding how the microscopic structure influences the material performance, many aspects still remain elusive. If on the one hand \textit{ab initio} calculations respresent the technique of election to study such a system, they present severe limitations in terms of the size of the system that can be simulated. Such an aspect plays a determinant role, particularly when amorphous structure are to be investigated, as often results depend dramatically on the size of the system. Here, we overcome this limitation by training a machine-learning (ML) interatomic model to \textit{ab initio} data. We show that molecular dynamics simulations using the ML model on much larger systems can reproduce experimental measurements of elastic properties, including elastic isotropy. Our study demonstrates the broader impact of machine-learning potentials for predicting structural and mechanical properties, even for complex amorphous structures.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures, SI
Ergodic measures with infinite entropy
Creators: name: Catsigeras, Eleonora
name: Troubetzkoy, Serge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We construct ergodic probability measures with infinite metric entropy for typical continuous maps and homeomorphisms on compact manifolds. We also construct sequences of such measures that converge to a zero-entropy measure.
การทบทวนวรรณกรรมการวิจัยนโยบาย: ขอบเขต ข้อจำกัดและกรณีศึกษางานวิจัยนโยบาย
Creators: name: ยศธร ทวีพล
Publisher: name: กองบริหารการวิจัย
Year: 2566
Subjects: การวิจัยนโยบาย
นโยบายสาธารณะ
นโยบายศาสตร์

description: วารสารธรรมศาสตร์, 42, 2, 177-191
On Free Polyadic Groups
Creators: name: Khodabandeh, Hamid
name: Yousefi, Kosar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this article, for a polyadic group(G,f),derived from group G by automorphism G and element b, we give a necessary and sufficient condition in terms of the group, the automorphism G, and the element b, in order that the polyadic group becomes free.
description: Some results are not true
Prominent bump in the two-neutron separation energies of neutron-rich lanthanum isotopes revealed by high-precision mass spectrometry
Creators: name: Jaries, A.
name: Stryjczyk, M.
name: Kankainen, A.
name: Eronen, T.
name: Beliuskina, O.
name: Dickel, T.
name: Flayol, M.
name: Ge, Z.
name: Hukkanen, M.
name: Mougeot, M.
name: Nikas, S.
name: Pohjalainen, I.
name: Raggio, A.
name: Reponen, M.
name: Ruotsalainen, J.
name: Virtanen, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on high-precision atomic mass measurements of $^{148\text{-}153}$La and $^{151}$Ce performed with the JYFLTRAP double Penning trap using the Phase-Imaging Ion-Cyclotron-Resonance technique. The masses of $^{152,153}$La were experimentally determined for the first time. We confirm the sharp kink in the two-neutron separation energies at the neutron number ${N=93}$ in the cerium (${Z=58}$) isotopic chain. Our precision mass measurements of the most exotic neutron-rich lanthanum (${Z=57}$) isotopes reveal a sudden increase in two-neutron separation energies from ${N=92}$ to ${N=93}$. Unlike in the cerium isotopic chain, the kink is not sharp but extends to ${N=94}$ forming a prominent bump. The gain in energy is about 0.4 MeV, making it one of the strongest changes in two-neutron separation energies over the whole chart of nuclides, away from nuclear shell closures. The results call for further studies to elucidate the structure of neutron-rich lanthanum isotopes.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Hodge decomposition for elliptic complexes over unital $C^*$-algebras
Creators: name: Krýsl, Svatopluk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46M18, 46L08, 46M20

description: For a certain class of complexes of pre-Hilbert $A$-modules, we prove that their cohomology groups equipped with a canonical quotient structure are again pre-Hilbert $A$-modules and derive the Hodge decomposition for them. We call these complexes self-adjoint parametrix possessing. We show that $A$-elliptic complexes of differential operator acting on sections of finitely generated projective $A$-Hilbert bundles over compact manifolds have this property if the images of certain extensions of their Laplacians are closed.
description: 13 pages, submitted Banach Journal of Mathematical Analysis
Probing cluster magnetism with embedded and background radio sources in Planck clusters
Creators: name: Osinga, Erik
name: van Weeren, Reinout J.
name: Rudnick, Lawrence
name: Andrade-Santos, Felipe
name: Bonafede, Annalisa
name: Clarke, Tracy
name: Duncan, Kenda
name: Giacintucci, Simona
name: Röttgering, Huub J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic fields remain an enigmatic part of the content of galaxy clusters. Faraday rotation and depolarisation of extragalactic radio sources are useful probes, but the limited availability of polarised radio sources necessitates stacking clusters to study average magnetic field profiles and correlation scales. We recently presented a VLA survey of the 124 most massive Planck clusters at low redshift ($z<0.35$), where a clear depolarisation trend with the cluster impact parameter was found. In this study, we combine the depolarisation information with the observed rotation measure (RM) and present an investigation into the average magnetic field properties of the sample, using both background sources and sources embedded in clusters. We observe a significant increase in the RM scatter, $σ_\mathrm{RRM}$, closer to the cluster centres. Averaging all 124 clusters, we find a scatter within $R_\mathrm{500}$ of $σ_\mathrm{RRM}=209\pm37$ rad m$^{-2}$, with background sources and cluster members showing similar values ($200\pm33$ and $219\pm66$ rad m$^{-2}$, respectively). In the simple assumption of a uniform magnetic field with a single fluctuation scale $Λ_c$, this translates to an average magnetic field strength of $2\,(Λ_c/10\mathrm{kpc})^{-0.5}\, μ$G. The profile of $σ_\mathrm{RRM}$ as a function of projected radius is inconsistent with a model that has a simple scaling $B \propto n_e^η$, with an observed deficit near the centre of clusters possibly caused by the fact that the highest RM sources near the centre of clusters are depolarised. In a full forward model, we find that the magnetic field power spectrum agrees with the Kolmogorov value, but that none of the Gaussian random field models can fully explain the observed relatively flat profiles. This implies that more sophisticated models of cluster magnetic fields in a cosmological context are needed.
description: Replaced with accepted version
LNQ 2023 challenge: Benchmark of weakly-supervised techniques for mediastinal lymph node quantification
Creators: name: Dorent, Reuben
name: Khajavi, Roya
name: Idris, Tagwa
name: Ziegler, Erik
name: Somarouthu, Bhanusupriya
name: Jacene, Heather
name: LaCasce, Ann
name: Deissler, Jonathan
name: Ehrhardt, Jan
name: Engelson, Sofija
name: Fischer, Stefan M.
name: Gu, Yun
name: Handels, Heinz
name: Kasai, Satoshi
name: Kondo, Satoshi
name: Maier-Hein, Klaus
name: Schnabel, Julia A.
name: Wang, Guotai
name: Wang, Litingyu
name: Wald, Tassilo
name: Yang, Guang-Zhong
name: Zhang, Hanxiao
name: Zhang, Minghui
name: Pieper, Steve
name: Harris, Gordon
name: Kikinis, Ron
name: Kapur, Tina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Accurate assessment of lymph node size in 3D CT scans is crucial for cancer staging, therapeutic management, and monitoring treatment response. Existing state-of-the-art segmentation frameworks in medical imaging often rely on fully annotated datasets. However, for lymph node segmentation, these datasets are typically small due to the extensive time and expertise required to annotate the numerous lymph nodes in 3D CT scans. Weakly-supervised learning, which leverages incomplete or noisy annotations, has recently gained interest in the medical imaging community as a potential solution. Despite the variety of weakly-supervised techniques proposed, most have been validated only on private datasets or small publicly available datasets. To address this limitation, the Mediastinal Lymph Node Quantification (LNQ) challenge was organized in conjunction with the 26th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention (MICCAI 2023). This challenge aimed to advance weakly-supervised segmentation methods by providing a new, partially annotated dataset and a robust evaluation framework. A total of 16 teams from 5 countries submitted predictions to the validation leaderboard, and 6 teams from 3 countries participated in the evaluation phase. The results highlighted both the potential and the current limitations of weakly-supervised approaches. On one hand, weakly-supervised approaches obtained relatively good performance with a median Dice score of $61.0\%$. On the other hand, top-ranked teams, with a median Dice score exceeding $70\%$, boosted their performance by leveraging smaller but fully annotated datasets to combine weak supervision and full supervision. This highlights both the promise of weakly-supervised methods and the ongoing need for high-quality, fully annotated data to achieve higher segmentation performance.
description: Submitted to MELBA; Accepted for publication at the Journal of Machine Learning for Biomedical Imaging (MELBA) https://melba-journal.org/2025:001
Topological Phases in Triangular Lattices of Ru Adsorbed on Graphene: ab-initio calculations
Creators: name: Acosta, C. Mera
name: Lima, Matheus P.
name: Miwa, R. H.
name: da Silva, Antonio J. R.
name: Fazzio, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have performed an ab initio investigation of the electronic properties of the graphene sheet adsorbed by Ru adatoms (Ru/graphene). For a particular set of triangular arrays of Ru adatoms, we find the formation of four (spin-polarized) Dirac cones attributed to a suitable overlap between two hexagonal lattices: one composed by the C sites of the graphene sheet, and the other formed by the surface potential induced by the Ru adatoms. Upon the presence of spin-orbit coupling (SOC) nontrivial band gaps take place at the Dirac cones promoting several topological phases. Depending on the Ru concentration, the system can be topologically characterized among the phases i) Quantum Spin Hall (QSH), ii) Quantum Anomalous Hall (QAH), iii) metal iv) or trivial insulator. For each concentration, the topological phase is characterized by the ab-initio calculation of the Chern number.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Unlocking Sustainability Compliance: Characterizing the EU Taxonomy for Business Process Management
Creators: name: Klessascheck, Finn
name: Fahrenkrog-Petersen, Stephan A.
name: Mendling, Jan
name: Pufahl, Luise
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: To promote sustainable business practices, and to achieve climate neutrality by 2050, the EU has developed the taxonomy of sustainable activities, which describes when exactly business practices can be considered sustainable. While the taxonomy has only been recently established, progressively more companies will have to report how much of their revenue was created via sustainably executed business processes. To help companies prepare to assess whether their business processes comply with the constraints outlined in the taxonomy, we investigate in how far these criteria can be used for conformance checking, that is, assessing in a data-driven manner, whether business process executions adhere to regulatory constraints. For this, we develop a few-shot learning pipeline to characterize the constraints of the taxonomy with the help of an LLM as to the process dimensions they relate to. We find that many constraints of the taxonomy are useable for conformance checking, particularly in the sectors of energy, manufacturing, and transport. This will aid companies in preparing to monitor regulatory compliance with the taxonomy automatically, by characterizing what kind of information they need to extract, and by providing a better understanding of sectors where such an assessment is feasible and where it is not.
title: Analysing processes of inclusion and use of natural hazard information in iwi and hapū management plans: case studies from the Bay of Plenty
Creators: name: Saunders, Wendy S. A.
name: Kaiser, Lucy H.
Publisher: name: GNS Science
Year: 2019

description: This report provides case studies of iwi and hapū management plan's (IHMPs) inclusion of natural hazard information in the Bay of Plenty region by addressing the relationship between IHMPs, council policies and actions, and the accessibility of science knowledge to inform IHMPs. This report consists of three components, the fist provides an outline of th research methodologies, kaupapa Māori research principles, project design, participants and research questions (section two). The second, (section three) summarises the key research findings from an iwi/hapū perspective, council perspective and consultant perspective. Based on those findings, the final section of this report provides recommendations on how iwi/hapū and council relationships can be enhanced in the development and implementation of IHMPs to both better incorporate natural hazards information; and ensure that IHMPs are useful, usable and used by all parties. (auth)
Electric-field-induced stress relaxation in alpha-phase poly(vinylidene fluoride) films
Creators: name: He, Xiangtong
name: Pei, Shaopeng
name: Baier, Robert E.
name: Fu, John Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The relationship between elastic fatigue and electrical cyclic loading in alpha-phase poly(vinylidene fluoride) films has been investigated. Our experimental studies have shown that the electric-field-induced fatigue behavior can be described by a stress relaxation, which belongs to the Kohlrausch function group, and the corresponding exponent is a modified two-parameter Weibull distribution function.
description: 3 pages, 3 figures
Time delays for attosecond streaking in photoionization of neon
Creators: name: Feist, Johannes
name: Zatsarinny, Oleg
name: Nagele, Stefan
name: Pazourek, Renate
name: Burgdörfer, Joachim
name: Guan, Xiaoxu
name: Bartschat, Klaus
name: Schneider, Barry I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the time-resolved photoemission in neon atoms as probed by attosecond streaking. We calculate streaking time shifts for the emission of 2p and 2s electrons and compare the relative delay as measured in a recent experiment by Schultze et al. [Science 328, 1658 (2010)]. The B-spline R-matrix method is employed to calculate accurate Eisenbud-Wigner-Smith time delays from multi- electron dipole transition matrix elements for photoionization. The additional laser field-induced time shifts in the exit channel are obtained from separate, time-dependent simulations of a full streaking process by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation on the single-active-electron level. The resulting accurate total relative streaking time shifts between 2s and 2p emission lie well below the experimental data. We identify the presence of unresolved shake-up satellites in the experiment as a potential source of error in the determination of streaking time shifts.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures v2: final published version
Sample-Independent Federated Learning Backdoor Attack in Speaker Recognition
Creators: name: Xu, Weida
name: Xu, Yang
name: Zhang, Sicong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In federated learning, backdoor attacks embed triggers in the adversarial client's data to inject a backdoor into the model. In order to enhance the stealth, an attack method based on the dropout layer has been proposed, which can implant the backdoor without modifying the sample. However, these methods struggle to covertly utilize dropout in evaluation mode, thus hindering their deployment in real-world scenarios. To address these, this paper introduces GhostB, a novel approach to federated learning backdoor attacks in speaker recognition that neither alters samples nor relies on dropout. This method employs the behavior of neurons producing specific values as triggers. By mapping these neuronal values to categories specified by the adversary, the backdoor is implanted and activated when particular feature values are detected at designated neurons. Our experiments conducted on TIMIT, LibriSpeech, and VoxCeleb2 databases in both Closed Set Identification (CSI) and Open Set Identification (OSI) scenarios demonstrate that GhostB achieves a 100% success rate upon activation in speaker recognition, with this rate maintained across experiments involving 1 to 50 ghost neurons. This paper investigates how the dispersion of neurons and their depth within hidden layers affect the success rate, revealing that increased dispersion and positioning of neurons can significantly decrease effectiveness, potentially rendering the attack unsuccessful.
Capturing primordial non-Gaussian signatures in the late Universe by multi-scale extrema of the cosmic log-density field
Creators: name: Wang, Yun
name: He, Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct two new summary statistics, the scale-dependent peak height function (scale-PKHF) and the scale-dependent valley depth function (scale-VLYDF) of matter density, and forecast their constraining power on primordial non-Gaussianity and cosmological parameters based on \textsc{Quijote} and \textsc{Quijote-PNG} simulations at $z=0$. With the Fisher analysis, we demonstrate that these statistics outperform the power spectrum and bispectrum. Key findings include: (1) the constraint on the scalar spectral index $n_s$ obtained from the scale-VLYDF/scale-PKHF is 1.59/1.10 times tighter than that from the joint analysis of power spectrum and bispectrum; (2) the combination of the two statistics yields a slight improvement in constraining $\{f_\mathrm{NL}^\mathrm{local}, f_\mathrm{NL}^\mathrm{equil}\}$ over the power spectrum-bispectrum combination, and provides a 1.39-fold improvement in the constraint on $f_\mathrm{NL}^\mathrm{ortho}$; (3) after incorporating the power spectrum with our new statistics, parameter constraints surpass those from power spectrum-bispectrum combination by factors up to 2.93. This work offers an effective scheme for extracting primordial signals from the late Universe, paving the way for further breakthroughs in precision cosmology.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, 1 table. Accepted for Publication in PRD
Hawking radiation inside a charged, cosmological black hole
Creators: name: Ravuri, Devayani
name: McMaken, Tyler
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effective temperature, as a rate of gravitational redshift, of the Hawking modes perceived by a radially free falling observer at an arbitrary location in a Reissner-Nordström-(anti-)de Sitter [RN(A)dS] spacetime. In particular, the behavior of the modes at the inner horizon, and therein the validity of the strong cosmic censorship conjecture under the effective temperature formalism, has been analyzed across the physically permissible parameter space of the RNdS metric. The modes perceived by observers of both positive and negative specific energies have been taken into consideration. Finally, the behavior of the adiabatic control function has been examined over the position space of the observer to determine the regimes where the effective temperature function yields a Planckian spectrum of thermal radiation.
description: 19 pages, 10 figures
Cosmic dance in the Shapley Concentration Core II. The uGMRT-MeerKAT view of filaments in the brightest cluster galaxies and tailed radio galaxies in the A3528 cluster complex
Creators: name: Di Gennaro, G.
name: Venturi, T.
name: Giacintucci, S.
name: Brüggen, M.
name: Bulbul, E.
name: Sanders, J.
name: Liu, A.
name: Zhang, X.
name: Trehaeven, K.
name: Dallacasa, D.
name: Merluzzi, P.
name: Pasini, T.
name: Bardelli, S.
name: Bernardi, G.
name: Smirnov, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superclusters are the largest-scale environments where a number of galaxy clusters interact with each other through minor/major mergers and grow via accretion along cosmic filaments. We focus on the A3528 complex in the core of the Shapley Supercluster. This system includes three clusters, A3528 (composed itself by two sub-clusters, namely A3528N and A3528S), A3532 and A3530, and presents a mildly active dynamical state. We study how minor mergers affect the evolution of radio galaxies and whether they are able to re-accelerate relativistic electrons in the ICM. We used observations from the uGMRT (Band 3, 4 and 5) and MeerKAT (L-band) telescopes to obtain images and spectral index maps over a wide frequency band and spatial resolutions. We compare these data with those from the SRG/eROSITA X-ray telescope. We detect faint diffuse radio emission associated with the radio galaxies. The BCGs in A3528S and A3532 show filaments of diffuse radio emission which extend for $\sim200-400$ kpc out of the radio galaxy. The spectral index of these filaments is extremely steep and almost constant ($α\sim -2, -2.5$). Contrary to the radio tails in A3528N, the spectral properties of these radio filaments are not consistent with standard models of plasma ageing. We also detect roundish diffuse radio emission around the BCG in A3528S which could be classified as a radio mini-halo. The radio tail in this cluster appears longer that in earlier detections, being $\sim300$ kpc long at all frequencies. We linked the presence of extended radio emission in the form of filaments and threads in the A3528 complex with the effect of minor mergers. This is reinforced by the increasing X-ray fluctuations in correspondence with the radio extended emission in A3528S. Despite the less energy involved, our findings support the hypothesis that these events can re-energise plasma originating from radio galaxies.
description: 28 pages, 23 figures and 5 tables; accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Devasthal Fast Optical Telescope observations of Wolf-Rayet dwarf galaxy Mrk 996
Creators: name: Jaiswal, S.
name: Omar, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Devasthal Fast Optical Telescope (DFOT) is a 1.3 meter aperture optical telescope, recently installed at Devasthal, Nainital. We present here the first results using an \Ha filter with this telescope on a Wolf-Rayet dwarf galaxy Mrk 996. The instrumental response and the \Ha sensitivity obtained with the telescope are $(3.3 \pm 0.3)\times 10^{-15} (erg s^{-1} cm^{-2})/(counts s^{-1})$ and $7.5\times10^{-17} erg s^{-1} cm^{-2} arcsec^{-2}$ respectively. The \Ha flux and the equivalent width for Mrk~996 are estimated as $(132 \pm 37)\times 10^{-14} erg s^{-1} cm^{-2}$ and $\sim$96 $\mathring{A}$ respectively. The star formation rate is estimated as $0.4\pm0.1 M_\odot$yr$^{-1}$. Mrk~996 deviates from the radio-FIR correlation known for normal star forming galaxies with a deficiency in its radio continuum. The ionized gas as traced by \Ha emission is found in a disk shape which is misaligned with respect to the old stellar disk. This misalignment is indicative of a recent tidal interaction in the galaxy. We believe that galaxy-galaxy tidal interaction is the main cause of the WR phase in Mrk~996.
description: 13 pages, 2 figures Accepted for publication in "Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy"
Effects of Neutron-Antineutron Transitions in Neutron Stars
Creators: name: Goldman, Itzhak
name: Mohapatra, Rabindra N.
name: Nussinov, Shmuel
name: Shrock, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze effects of neutron-antineutron transitions in neutron stars, specifically on (i) cooling, (ii) rotation rate, and (iii) for binary pulsars, the increase in the orbital period. We show that these effects are negligibly small.
description: 6 pages, latex
Improving the Determination of Supernova Cosmological Redshifts by Using Galaxy Groups
Creators: name: Peterson, Erik R.
name: Carreres, Bastien
name: Carr, Anthony
name: Scolnic, Daniel
name: Bailey, Ava
name: Davis, Tamara M.
name: Brout, Dillon
name: Howlett, Cullan
name: Jones, David O.
name: Riess, Adam G.
name: Said, Khaled
name: Taylor, Georgie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At the low-redshift end ($z<0.05$) of the Hubble diagram with Type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia), the contribution to Hubble residual scatter from peculiar velocities is of similar size to that due to the limitations of the standardization of the SN Ia light curves. A way to improve the redshift measurement of the SN host galaxy is to utilize the average redshift of the galaxy group, effectively averaging over small-scale/intracluster peculiar velocities. One limiting factor is the fraction of SN host galaxies in galaxy groups, previously found to be 30% using (relatively incomplete) magnitude-limited galaxy catalogs. Here, we do the first analysis of N-body simulations to predict this fraction, finding $\sim$73% should have associated groups and group averaging should improve redshift precision by $\sim$135 km s$^{-1}$ ($\sim$0.04 mag at $z=0.025$). Furthermore, using spectroscopic data from the Anglo-Australian Telescope, we present results from the first pilot program to evaluate whether or not 23 previously unassociated SN Ia hosts belong in groups. We find that 91% of these candidates can be associated with groups, consistent with predictions from simulations given the sample size. Combining with previously assigned SN host galaxies in Pantheon+, we demonstrate improvement in Hubble residual scatter equivalent to 145 km s$^{-1}$, also consistent with simulations. For new and upcoming low-$z$ samples from, for example, ZTF and LSST, a separate follow-up program identifying galaxy groups of SN hosts is a highly cost-effective way to enhance their constraining power.
description: 17 pages, 12 figures. Published in ApJ
Spatiotemporal mobility network of global scientists, 1970–2020
Creators: name: Liu, Tianyu
name: Pei, Tao
name: Fang, Zidong
name: Wu, Mingbo
name: Liu, Xiaohan
name: Yan, Xiaorui
name: Song, Ci
name: Jiang, Jingyu
name: Jiang, Linfeng
name: Chen, Jie
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: The mobility of scientists, manifested by movements to new academic institutions, grows with globalization and plays a crucial role in individual careers, institutional productivity, and knowledge dissemination. Current research on scientists’ mobility focuses on aggregated levels such as inter-country mobility, with little attention paid to fine-grained institutional level, leading to a simplified spatial portrayal of the mobility. To fill the gap, we take scientists in geography as examples, and reconstructed their dynamic mobility network among institutions from 1970 to 2020 based on massive literature metadata. Our findings reveal the spatial mobility pattern that is now dominated by North America, Western and Northern Europe, East Asia, and Oceania, with the trend of intensification, multipolarity, and inequality over time. Specifically, the mobility network exhibits clear community structure largely constrained by spatial proximity and national borders. We also uncovered a universal downward mobility pattern embedded in the hierarchical structure. Our quantitative analysis further suggest that mobility is facilitated by multiple realities, including spatial, cultural, and scientific proximity, institutional rankings and national economic levels, cooperation, and visa-free policies, with varying dynamics. These results contribute to spatiotemporal insights into the mechanisms of scientific development in theory, and the basis for talent policymaking in practice.   • The mobility of scientists has long been dominated by institutions in developed countries, with China emerging in recent decades.   • Spatial proximity and national borders largely constrain the mobility of scientists.   • The hierarchy in mobility network determines the decrease trend in institutional prestige from original to new academic positions.   • The mobility of scientists between institutions is positively associated with stronger cooperation, same language, and visa-free policies.
Geographical and linguistic perspectives on developing geoparsers with generic resources
Creators: name: Leppämäki, Tatu
name: Toivonen, Tuuli
name: Hiippala, Tuomo
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Geoparsers aim to find place names in unstructured texts and locate them geographically. This process produces georeferenced data usable for spatial analyses or visualisations. Much geoparsing research and development has thus far focused on the English language, yet languages are not alike. Geoparsing them may necessitate language-specific processing steps or data for training geoparsing systems. In this article, we applied generic language and GIS resources to geoparsing Finnish texts. We argue that using generic resources can ease the development of geoparsers, and free up resources to other tasks, such as annotating evaluation corpora. A quantitative evaluation on new human-annotated news and tweet corpora indicates robust overall performance. A systematic analysis of the geoparser output reveals errors and their causes at each processing step. Some of the causes are specific to Finnish, and offer insights to geoparsing other morphologically complex languages as well. Our results highlight how the language of the input text affects geoparsing. Additionally, we argue that toponym resolution metrics based on error distance have limitations, and proposed metrics based on spatial intersection with ground-truth polygons.
Dichroic mirror pulses for optimized higher-order atomic Bragg diffraction
Creators: name: Pfeiffer, Dominik
name: Dietrich, Maximilian
name: Schach, Patrik
name: Birkl, Gerhard
name: Giese, Enno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Increasing the sensitivity of light-pulse atom interferometers progressively relies on large-momentum transfer techniques. Precise control of such methods is imperative to exploit the full capabilities of these quantum sensors. One key element is the mitigation of deleterious effects such as parasitic paths deteriorating the interferometric signal. In this Letter, we present the experimental realization of dichroic mirror pulses for atom interferometry, its scalability to higher-order Bragg diffraction, and its robustness against initial momentum spread. Our approach selectively reflects resonant atom paths into the detected interferometer output, ensuring that these contribute to the signal with intent. Simultaneously, parasitic paths are efficiently transmitted by the mirror and not directed to the relevant interferometer outputs. This method effectively isolates the desired interferometric signal from noise induced by unwanted paths. It can be readily applied to existing setups capable of higher-order Bragg diffraction.
MNCD-KE: a novel framework for simultaneous attribute- and interaction-based geographical regionalization
Creators: name: Xu, Liyan
name: Tang, Jintong
name: Jiang, Hezhishi
name: Yu, Hongbin
name: Huang, Qian
name: Zhou, Yinsheng
name: Liu, Yu
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Existing regionalization methods tend to be either spatial attribute- or spatial interaction-based, while real-world tasks usually involve both considerations to satisfy multiple objectives simultaneously. In this research, we propose Multilayer Network Community Detection and Kernel Extension (MNCD-KE), a two-step regionalization framework, as a feasible solution for such tasks. First, spatial attributes are embedded into attributes of nodes in a spatial interaction-defined multilayer network, and the kernel and marginal parts of the regions are determined by giving the membership value of the regionalization units to network communities. Second, the final result is obtained through a kernel extension process considering geographical constraints, including spatial contiguity, size balance, morphological regularity, and existing boundary consistency of the regions. Empirical experiments show that the proposed method yields outcomes that, in maintaining comparable performances with most baseline algorithms with either ‘attribute’ or ‘interaction’ objectives as measured by the respective criteria, simultaneously meet the dual objectives with results intuitively comprehensible. Its low computing costs and parameter adjustment flexibility make the proposed framework a convenient approach for real-world multi-objective regionalization tasks. We conclude the research with discussions on the boundary conditions for the framework to work and their relevance to city science theories, along with practical implications.
Exact eigenvectors and eigenvalues of the finite Kitaev chain and its topological properties
Creators: name: Leumer, Nico
name: Marganska, Magdalena
name: Muralidharan, Bhaskaran
name: Grifoni, Milena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a comprehensive, analytical treatment of the finite Kitaev chain for arbitrary chemical potential. We derive the momentum quantization conditions and present exact analytical formulae for the resulting energy spectrum and eigenstate wave functions, encompassing boundary and bulk states. In accordance with an analysis based on the winding number topological invariant, and as expected from the bulk-edge correspondence, the boundary states are topological in nature. They can have zero, exponentially small or even finite energy. A numerical analysis confirms their robustness against disorder.
Impact of time-retarded noise on dynamical decoupling schemes for qubits
Creators: name: Nakamura, Kiyoto
name: Ankerhold, Joachim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the simplest and least resource-intensive methods to suppress decoherence for qubit operations, namely, dynamical decoupling (DD), is investigated for a broad range of realistic noise sources with time-retarded feedback. By way of example, the Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) sequence is analyzed in a numerically rigorous manner accounting also for correlations between qubits and environments. Since experimentally noise sources are characterized through spectral densities, we adopt the spin-boson model as a suitable framework to describe the qubit dynamics under DD for a given spectral density $J(ω) \propto ω^s$. Motivated by the situation for superconducting qubits, the spectral exponent $s$ is varied from $s=1$ (Ohmic bath) to a substantially small value $0 < s \ll 1$ (deep sub-Ohmic bath), in order to investigate the impact of time-nonlocal back action on DD performances for enhanced coherence times. As reference to the DD schemes, dynamics of a single qubit subject to Ramsey sequences without any pules and Hahn echo (HE) sequences are also investigated.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures
Statistics, holography, and black hole entropy in loop quantum gravity
Creators: name: Ghosh, Amit
name: Noui, Karim
name: Perez, Alejandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In loop quantum gravity the quantum states of a black hole horizon are produced by point-like discrete quantum geometry excitations (or {\em punctures}) labelled by spin $j$. The excitations possibly carry other internal degrees of freedom also, and the associated quantum states are eigenstates of the area $A$ operator. On the other hand, the appropriately scaled area operator $A/(8π\ell)$ is also the physical Hamiltonian associated with the quasilocal stationary observers located at a small distance $\ell$ from the horizon. Thus, the local energy is entirely accounted for by the geometric operator $A$. We assume that: In a suitable vacuum state with regular energy momentum tensor at and close to the horizon the local temperature measured by stationary observers is the Unruh temperature and the degeneracy of `matter' states is exponential with the area $\exp{(λA/\ell_p^2)}$---this is supported by the well established results of QFT in curved spacetimes, which do not determine $λ$ but asserts an exponential behaviour. The geometric excitations of the horizon (punctures) are indistinguishable. In the semiclassical limit the area of the black hole horizon is large in Planck units. It follows that: Up to quantum corrections, matter degrees of freedom saturate the holographic bound, {\em viz.} $λ=\frac{1}{4}$. Up to quantum corrections, the statistical black hole entropy coincides with Bekenstein-Hawking entropy $S={A}/({4\ell_p^2})$. The number of horizon punctures goes like $N\propto \sqrt{A/\ell_p^2}$, i.e the number of punctures $N$ remains large in the semiclassical limit. Fluctuations of the horizon area are small while fluctuations of the area of an individual puncture are large. A precise notion of local conformal invariance of the thermal state is recovered in the $A\to\infty$ limit where the near horizon geometry becomes Rindler.
Shilnikov Lemma for a nondegenerate critical manifold of a Hamiltonian system
Creators: name: Bolotin, Sergey
name: Negrini, Piero
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37J10, 37J45, 37C50, 37D05

description: We prove an analog of Shilnikov Lemma for a normally hyperbolic symplectic critical manifold $M\subset H^{-1}(0)$ of a Hamiltonian system. Using this result, trajectories with small energy $H=μ>0$ shadowing chains of homoclinic orbits to $M$ are represented as extremals of a discrete variational problem, and their existence is proved. This paper is motivated by applications to the Poincaré second species solutions of the 3 body problem with 2 masses small of order $μ$. As $μ\to 0$, double collisions of small bodies correspond to a symplectic critical manifold of the regularized Hamiltonian system.
Shock-driven amorphization and melt in Fe$_2$O$_3$
Creators: name: Crépisson, Céline
name: Amouretti, Alexis
name: Harmand, Marion
name: Sanloup, Chrystèle
name: Heighway, Patrick
name: Azadi, Sam
name: McGonegle, David
name: Campbell, Thomas
name: Chin, David Alexander
name: Smith, Ethan
name: Hansen, Linda
name: Forte, Alessandro
name: Gawne, Thomas
name: Lee, Hae Ja
name: Nagler, Bob
name: Shi, YuanFeng
name: Fiquet, Guillaume
name: Guyot, François
name: Makita, Mikako
name: Benuzzi-Mounaix, Alessandra
name: Vinci, Tommaso
name: Miyanishi, Kohei
name: Ozaki, Norimasa
name: Pikuz, Tatiana
name: Nakamura, Hirotaka
name: Sueda, Keiichi
name: Yabuuchi, Toshinori
name: Yabashi, Makina
name: Wark, Justin S.
name: Polsin, Danae N.
name: Vinko, Sam M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present measurements on Fe$_2$O$_3$ amorphization and melt under laser-driven shock compression up to 209(10) GPa via time-resolved in situ x-ray diffraction. At 122(3) GPa, a diffuse signal is observed indicating the presence of a non-crystalline phase. Structure factors have been extracted up to 182(6) GPa showing the presence of two well-defined peaks. A rapid change in the intensity ratio of the two peaks is identified between 145(10) and 151(10) GPa, indicative of a phase change. Present DFT+$U$ calculations of temperatures along Fe$_2$O$_3$ Hugoniot are in agreement with SESAME 7440 and indicate relatively low temperatures, below 2000 K, up to 150 GPa. The non-crystalline diffuse scattering is thus consistent with the - as yet unreported - shock amorphization of Fe$_2$O$_3$ between 122(3) and 145(10) GPa, followed by an amorphous-to-liquid transition above 151(10) GPa. Upon release, a non-crystalline phase is observed alongside crystalline $α$-Fe$_2$O$_3$. The extracted structure factor and pair distribution function of this release phase resemble those reported for Fe$_2$O$_3$ melt at ambient pressure.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures, under review
Sums of units in function fields
Creators: name: Frei, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 12E30, 11R27, 11R58, 11R04

description: Let R be the ring of S-integers of an algebraic function field (in one variable) over a perfect field, where S is finite and not empty. It is shown that for every positive integer N there exist elements of R that can not be written as a sum of at most N units.
description: 18 pages
On the supersymmetric XXX spin chains associated to $\mathfrak{gl}_{1|1}$
Creators: name: Lu, Kang
name: Mukhin, Evgeny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the $\mathfrak{gl}_{1|1}$ supersymmetric XXX spin chains. We give an explicit description of the algebra of Hamiltonians acting on any cyclic tensor products of polynomial evaluation $\mathfrak{gl}_{1|1}$ Yangian modules. It follows that there exists a bijection between common eigenvectors (up to proportionality) of the algebra of Hamiltonians and monic divisors of an explicit polynomial written in terms of the Drinfeld polynomials. In particular our result implies that each common eigenspace of the algebra of Hamiltonians has dimension one. We also give dimensions of the generalized eigenspaces. We show that when the tensor product is irreducible, then all eigenvectors can be constructed using Bethe ansatz. We express the transfer matrices associated to symmetrizers and anti-symmetrizers of vector representations in terms of the first transfer matrix and the center of the Yangian.
description: 32 pages, 1 figure
title: Les foules raisonnables. Notes sur les mouvements sans parti ni leader des années 2010 et leur rapport avec le XXe siècle.
Creators: name: Cohen, Yves
Publisher: name: Politika
Year: 2018

description: La vision de la situation développée ici est sans doute trop optimiste mais il serait tellement aisé d’en avoir une noire. Pour le dire en quelques mots, il semble que, à une échelle mondiale, les années 2010 aillent plus loin encore que le « moment 68 » (à peu près de 1965 à 1975, Dreyfus-Armand et al., 2000) en ceci qu’elles initient un long processus de renouvellement de la démocratie et plus largement encore de la politique à la suite de l’échec radical du communisme au XXe siècle. Occupy et les Indignés sont importants pour symboliser le début de cette nouvelle ère politique dans le monde. Ils sont pourtant à eux seuls loin de rendre compte d’un moment si essentiel. On les énumère souvent pour résumer une situation qui les déborde de très loin. C’est ainsi qu’ils ne doivent pas être confondus avec les mouvements des places, mouvements sans parti et sans leader, étendus, massifs et débordants.