cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Data_folder
Creators: name: Deng, mingyang
name: Guo, Yingshi
name: wang, chang
name: Wu, Fuwei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 90299 Automotive Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering

description: This data set is data of the manuscript "An oversampling method for multi-class imbalanced data based on composite weights" which will be published in the journal "PLOS ONE".
Trivers-Willard at Birth and One Year: Evidence from U.S. Natality Data, 1983-2001
Creators: name: Almond, Douglas V.
name: Edlund, Lena
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Social sciences--Research

description: Trivers and Willard [1973] hypothesized that evolution would favor deviations from the population sex ratio to vary with maternal condition: mothers in good condition would have more sons and mothers in poor condition would have more daughters. The relevance of TW for the human population is still debated, as are the proximate causes at play. The authors analyze linked birth-death micro data for the U.S. covering 48 million births and 310 thousand deaths for 1983-2001. They find that: (i) the sex ratio varies with maternal marital status, age and education, consistent with the TW hypothesis; (ii) infant deaths reinforce the TW pattern found for the sex ratio at birth; and (iii) this tendency is particularly strong for the post-neonatal mortality (28-365 days from birth). While inherent male weakness may be one mechanism through which a TW effect is obtained, we also find that mothers older than 35 years are more likely to have a girl die than younger mothers. This pattern is noteworthy since advanced maternal age is a biological risk factor, suggesting a role for socioeconomic factors in excess male infant mortality.
Reason and emotion in the early Enlightenment
Creators: name: Arikha, Noga
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: History
subject: Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion

description: "Deliberations about moral action still tend to be connected, however subtly, to the Cartesian notion of a self split between steady, supervising reason - imbued with knowledge of what constitutes right action - and fluctuating passion - itself ‘right’ insofar as a beautiful object, say, might ‘rightly’ trigger the desire to possess it. But this Platonic, divided self is not as clear-cut in its duality as stereotypical notions of the rationalist, post-Cartesian, Enlightenment era would have it."
Permeability of hypoeutectic aluminum alloys
Creators: name: Khajeh, Ehsan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The interdendritic permeability is a critical parameter that defines the feedability of the mushy zone during solidification. In this study, a theoretical expression to describe the evolution of permeability throughout the complete solidification range (from dendritic to dendritic/eutectic) of hypoeutectic aluminum alloys has been derived, verified and validated through physical and numerical modeling. The permeability of the primary, equiaxed, dendritic phase has been characterized using geometries obtained by X-ray microtomographic analysis of Al-4.5wt%Cu alloy samples quenched at different temperatures after the start of solidification. The permeability during equiaxed eutectic solidification was characterized on simulated dendritic/eutectic microstructures predicted using a Cellular Automaton technique. For both the dendritic and dendritic/eutectic structures, the permeability was characterized i) physically using large-scale analogues of the characterized microstructures and ii) numerically by predicting the flow through the simulated microstructures. The microstructural parameters were then linked to more practical parameters available in solidification models through i) developing an inverse analysis technique to characterize eutectic solidification and ii) development of a geometric model for dendritic solidification. The permeability values determined through physical and numerical modeling are in good agreement with each other and are consistent with the mathematical expression. The proposed permeability expression is valid over the complete solidification range and for a wide range of compositions. The expression reduces to the conventional Carman-Kozeny expression during dendritic solidification and/or dendritic/eutectic solidification with low density of eutectic grains. However, it deviates from the conventional Carman-Kozeny expression as the density of eutectic grains increases.
Japan at a crossroads
Creators: name: Sato, Kazuo
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1999
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: Following our review of recent economic changes in Japan, we continue or study by speculating on the future course of macroeconomic changes of the IS balance and the trade balance associated with population aging and post-industrialization. Interpreting Japanese-style capitalism as a joint politics-bureaucracy-business utility maximization, we discuss the process of its demise as the collapse of this collective utility function.
Growth cycle signals as inflation indicators for major industrial nations
Creators: name: Moore, Geoffrey H.
name: Cullity, John P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1989
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: One of the issues of concern to forecasters is whether leading indicators of the real economy, which are now issued in many countries, have a bearing on the future of inflation. Doubtless a direct approach, which would involve the development of leading indicators specifically related to inflation, would be preferable. However, we are aware of only one such index currently available, the leading index of inflation compiled for the United States by the Center for International Business Cycle Research. Hence in this paper we explore whether leading and coincident indexes measuring real growth are useful for forecasting inflation in the U.S., the United Kingdom, West Germany and Japan. Section 2 shows how growth cycles and inflation cycles are related in these countries, using results from a recent study by Moore and Philip Klein for the World Bank. Section 3 explains the development of signals of turning points in inflation rate cycles using the growth rates in the leading and coincident indexes. It shows the leads and lags of the signal system at inflation cycle turns, and measures the magnitude of changes in the inflation rate between the growth signal dates. Section 4 discloses how the new signals could be of use in forecasting changes in interest rates. Section 5 provides a summary of the principal findings.
Japanese-style capitalism
Creators: name: Sato, Kazuo
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1999
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: Japanese-style capitalism is a collusive system of national politics, elite bureaucracy, and big business. Elaborated in the course of rapid growth, it served Japan's post-war economic growth in flying colors. But on-going structural changes, induced by growth slowdown and population aging, now places Japanese-style capitalism in jeopardy. In this paper, we review these changes in the near past -- changes in the microeconomic sphere such as the family system, the employment system and the business system and changes in the macroeconomic sphere such as increasing part-time work in the labor market, slowdown in technical change, decline in manufacturing at home, persistence of trade surplus, and ongoing financial deepening.
Summer Institute on Climate Information for Public Health 2010
Creators: name: Mantilla Caicedo, Gilma Constanza
name: Stanton, Michelle C.
name: Cibrelus, Laurence
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Environmental sciences

description: Now that the world’s attention is focused on climate variability and climate change adaptation, it is essential, not only for public health communities, but also for planners in central government, to understand the role climate plays in driving disease burden and impacting economic growth. Public health emerges as the final common pathway for all impacts of climate variability and climate change on individuals as well as societies.
Discrete Determinants and the Gel'fand-Yaglom formula
Creators: name: Dowker, J. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: I present a partly pedagogic discussion of the Gel'fand-Yaglom formula for the functional determinant of a one-dimensional, second order difference operator, in the simplest settings. The formula is a textbook one in discrete Sturm-Liouville theory and orthogonal polynomials. A two by two matrix approach is developed and applied to Robin boundary conditions. Euler-Rayleigh sums of eigenvalues are computed. A delta potential is introduced as a simple, non-trivial example and extended, in an appendix, to the general case. The continuum limit is considered in a non--rigorous way and a rough comparison with zeta regularised values is made. Vacuum energies are also considered in the free case. Chebyshev polynomials act as free propagators and their properties are developed using the two-matrix formulation, which has some advantages and appears to be novel. A trace formula, rather than a determinant one, is derived for the Gel'fand-Yaglom function.
description: 29 pages. Submitted version. Typos corrected and adjustments made. Comments and references added
title: Development of a Potassium Permanganate Catalyst-Infused Fuel Grain for Hydrogen Peroxide Hybrid Thruster Ignition Enhancement
Creators: name: Thibaudeau, Ryan J.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2023

description: This thesis describes and addresses the need for reliable ignition in small satellite hybrid propulsion systems using hydrogen peroxide. It describes process of creating custom 3D printed ABS plastic fuel grains with small amounts of catalysts. These catalysts lead to a more reliable and energy-efficient ignition of a hybrid rocked propulsion system using catalyst-infused ABS and high-test hydrogen peroxide (HTP). Hydrogen peroxide is a high-density oxidizer and therefore more volumetrically efficient for a small satellite using hybrid rocket technology when compared to gaseous oxygen (GOX). The traditional ignition methods of hybrid rocket propulsion systems using HTP are compared to and contrasted against the catalyst-infused ABS fuel grain ignition method. The data from these tests are presented and indicate an improvement in ignition energy and latency compared to pure ABS fuel.
Examining the relationship between physical and sexual violence and psychosocial health in young people living with HIV in rural South Africa
Creators: name: Giovenco, Danielle
name: Kahn, Kathleen
name: Twine, Rhian
name: Haberland, Nicole
name: Gómez‐Olivé, F Xavier
name: Filiatreau, Lindsey M
name: Pettifor, Audrey
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2020

description:
INTRODUCTION: Experiences of violence during youth contravene young people's rights and increase the risk of depression and poor human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care outcomes among youth living with HIV (YLWH). Intervention targets for mitigating the negative psychosocial effects of violence are needed, particularly in areas like rural South Africa where violence remains pervasive and mental healthcare is limited. This study aims to quantify the associations between physical and sexual violence and depressive symptoms in YLWH in rural South Africa and explore the modification of these associations by key measures of psychosocial well-being. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 362 YLWH ages 12 to 24 in rural South Africa to ascertain participants' history of physical and sexual violence, current depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale) and levels of social support (Medical Outcomes Social Support Scale), resilience (Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale) and self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale). Log-binomial regression was used to estimate the association between history of physical or sexual violence and clinically meaningful depressive symptoms (scores  ≥ 16). Effect measure modification by high versus low resilience, social support and self-esteem was assessed using likelihood ratio tests (α = 0.20). RESULTS: A total of 334 individuals with a median age of 21 (interquartile range: 16 to 23) were included in this analysis. Most participants were female (71.3%), single (81.4%) and attending school (53.0%). Ninety-four participants (28.1%) reported a history of physical or sexual violence and 92 individuals (27.5%) had clinically meaningful depressive symptoms. Meaningful depressive symptoms were significantly higher among participants with a history of physical or sexual violence as compared to those with no history of violence (adjusted prevalence ratio: 2.01; 95% CI: 1.43, 2.83). However, this association was significantly modified by social support (p = 0.04) and self-esteem (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: In this setting, the prevalence of meaningful depressive symptoms was significantly higher among YLWH with a history of physical or sexual violence as compared to those without a history of violence. However, higher levels of self-esteem or social support appeared to mitigate this association. Programmes to improve self-esteem and social support for youth have the potential to minimize depressive symptoms in YLWH who have experienced physical or sexual violence.
Gas-phase chemistry and tungsten filament aging in hot-wire chemical vapor deposition with silacyclobutanes
Creators: name: Tong, Ling
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2009

description: Bibliography: p. 165-174
description: Some pages are in colour.
description: 118 nm vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) laser single photon ionization (SPI) coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS) was used to examine the products from the primary decomposition of three silacyclobutane molecules, namely silacyclobutane (SCB), 1, 1,3,3-tetramethyl-1,3-disilacyclobutane (TMDSCB), and 1, l-dimethyl-1-silacyclobutane (DMSCB), on a heated tungsten (W) filament and from secondary gas­phase reactions in a HWCVD reactor. It was found that both SCB and DMSCB decompose on the filament to form Si-containing (silenes and silylenes) and C-containing ( ethene and propene) species. The formation of propene from SCB was demonstrated to be initiated by a 1,2-H migration to form n-propylsilylene, followed by an equilibrium with silacyclopropane, which then decomposes to propene. The production of propene and ethene from DMSCB was shown to occur via a diradical process involving the initial cleavage of a ring Si-C bond and ring C-C bond, respectively. The formation of ethene is favoured over that of propene for both SCB and DMSCB. TMDSCB decomposes on the filament to form methyl, dimethylsilene, and dimethylsilylene. It was demonstrated that the dominant secondary reactions with TMDSCB are the hydrogen abstraction reactions involving methyl radicals and subsequent biradical reactions, whereas reactions involving silenes and silylenes are more important with both SCB and DMSCB. Isomerization between silenes and silylenes was shown to occur in the HWCVD processes with all three molecules studied. Our theoretical calculations at singlet doublet coupled cluster (CCSD) level of theory showed that the isomerization between silenes and the corresponding silylenes via 1,2-H shift is energetically more favorable than those via 1,2- CH3 shift. The tungsten filament aging process when using SCB and TMDSCB as source gases in a HWCVD reactor was systematically studied. It was found that filament aging is caused by silicidation with SCB and by carburization with TMDSCB. The surface Si or C content was found to be dependent on the filament temperature and source gas pressure. The in-situ mass spectrometric measurements of the gas-phase reaction products in the process showed that filament carburization affects the consumption rate of the source gas and the intensities of gas-phase reaction products. It was demonstrated that H2 can etch the silicides from the aged filament at temperatures above 1900 Â°C.
Observation of a narrow mass state decaying into Upsilon(1S) + gamma in ppbar collisions at sqrt(s) = 1.96 TeV
Creators: name: D0 Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.3 fb^-1, we observe a narrow mass state decaying into Upsilon(1S)+gamma, where the Upsilon(1S) meson is detected by its decay into a pair of oppositely charged muons, and the photon is identified through its conversion into an electron-positron pair. The significance of this observation is 5.6 standard deviations. The mass of the state is centered at 10.551 \pm 0.014 (stat.) \pm 0.017 (syst.) GeV/c^2, which is consistent with that of the state recently observed by the ATLAS Collaboration.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Gender Inequalities in Education
Creators: name: Buchmann, Claudia
name: DiPrete, Thomas A.
name: McDaniel, Anne
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Gender identity
Sex role
Education

description: The terrain of gender inequalities in education has seen much change in recent decades. This chapter reviews the empirical research and theoretical perspectives on gender inequalities in educational performance and attainment from early childhood to young adulthood. Much of the literature on children and adolescents attends to performance differences between girls and boys. Of course achievement in elementary and secondary school is linked to the level of education one ultimately attains including high school completion, enrollment in post secondary education, college completion and graduate and professional school experiences. We recommend three directions for future research: (a) interdisciplinary efforts to understand gender differences in cognitive development and non-cognitive abilities in early childhood, (b) research on the structure and practices of schooling, and (c) analyses of the intersectionality of gender with race, ethnicity, class, and immigrant statuses in creating complex patterns of inequalities in educational experiences and outcomes.
Symmetry Classification of Spinor Bose-Einstein Condensates
Creators: name: Kawaguchi, Yuki
name: Ueda, Masahito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a method for systematically finding ground states of spinor Bose-Einstein condensates by utilizing symmetry properties of the system. By this method, we can find not only an inert state, whose symmetry is maximal in the manifold under consideration, but also a non-inert state, which has lower symmetry and depends on the parameters in the Hamiltonian. We establish the symmetry-classification method for the spin-1, 2 and 3 cases at zero magnetic field, and find a new phase in the last case. Properties of vortices in the spin-3 system are also discussed.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures
Image and narration (from Wickhoff to the Fantastic Four)
Creators: name: Pinotti, Andrea
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Aesthetics

description: "My research project at the Italian Academy deals with cultural tradition as a heritage transmitted through images. In other words, with collective memory handed down through figures. In my first paper, moving from the German art historian Aby Warburg, I tried to interrogate the sense of a chain of images related to bodily postures expressing emotions (pathos-formulae between the two polar extremes of ecstatic mania and depressive melancholy): the analysis of the historical and formal link between Manet’s Dejeuner sur l’herbe, Raimondi’s (and Raphael’s) Judgment of Paris and an Hellenistic sarcophagus in Villa Medici, allowed me to reflect upon the meaning of the concepts of “model” and “origin.”"
But I have no time to read this article! A meta-analytic review of the consequences of employee time management behaviors
Creators: name: Bedi, Akanksha
name: Sass, Mary Denise
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
classificationCode: 69999
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
classificationCode: 111714
subject: Mental Health

description: Time management is a beneficial tool for both individuals and their organizations. In this study, we conduct a meta-analytic review of the consequences of employee time management behaviors. Our results suggest that time management is associated with a variety of beneficial employee outcomes such as increased job satisfaction, job performance, and lower levels of stress and burnout. In addition, we found that the relationship between time management and employee outcomes is partially mediated by work-family conflict. Finally, relative weight analyses results indicated that perceived control over time exhibits incremental validity in predicting job satisfaction, job performance, and stress vis a vis conscientiousness. Directions for future research and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Differential Effects of Graduating during a Recession across Race and Gender
Creators: name: Kondo, Ayako
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Economics
Labor economics

description: This paper examines the differential effects of the unemployment rate at entry to the labor market, defined as completion of education, on subsequent wages across race and gender. Economic theories about search frictions, human capital accumulation and the internal labor markets all predict less persistence for low skilled or disadvantaged workers and weaker effects on those with weak attachment to the labor force. Consistent with these predictions, the author finds that the effect fades faster for blacks, although the initial impact of a recession at entry is stronger for them. The study also find weaker effects for women.
Steel: Tokyo Steel, K.K.: Gaining and sustaining long-term advantage through information technology
Creators: name: Rapp, William V.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1999
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: This case for a Japanese mini-mill steel producer, together with other cases, supports an initial research hypothesis that leading software users in the US and Japan are very sophisticated in the ways they have integrated software into their management strategies. They use it to institutionalize organizational strengths and capture tacit knowledge on an iterative basis. In Japan this strategy has involved heavy reliance on customized and semi-customized software (Rapp 1995), but is changing towards a more selective use of package software managed via customized systems. This is seen in this case in Tokyo Steel's development of a system to automate and integrate its different mills. In turn, US firms, such as Merck, who have often relied more on packaged software, are customizing more. This is especially so for the systems needed to integrate software packages into something more closely linked with the firm's business strategies, markets, and organizational structure. Thus, coming from different directions, there appears some convergence in approach by these leading software users. The cases thus confirm what some other analysts have hypothesized; a coherent business strategy is a necessary condition for a successful information technology (IT) strategy (Wold and Shriver 1993). These strategic links for Tokyo Steel and the Japanese steel industry are presented in the following case.
Surface states scattering from a step defect in topological insulator Bi_{2}Te_{3}
Creators: name: An, Jin
name: Ting, C. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study theoretically by a quantum-mechanical approach the general scattering problem of a straight step defect on the surface of topological insulator $\mathrm{Bi}_{2}\mathrm{Te}_{3}$ with strong warping effect. At high energy where the warping effect is large, an incident electron on a step defect running along $Γ-\mathrm{M}$ direction may exhibit perfect transmission whereas on a defect running along $Γ-\mathrm{K}$ direction has a finite probability to be reflected and may even exhibit resonant total reflection. Transmission properties in the latter case are also very sensitive to whether there is particle-hole symmetry. The predicted Friedel oscillations and the power-law decaying behavior of the local density of states (LDOS) near the defect are in good agreement with recent scanning tunneling microscope experiments on $\mathrm{Bi}_{2}\mathrm{Te}_{3}$. The high-energy LDOS of the surface states is also found to show the multi-periodic Friedel oscillations, caused by competing characteristic scattering processes.
description: 11 pages,7 figures
The quantum J_{1}-J_{1'}-J_{2} spin-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet: A variational method study
Creators: name: Mabelini, Orlando D.
name: Salmon, Octavio
name: de Sousa, J. Ricardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phase transition of the quantum spin-1/2 frustrated Heisenberg antiferroferromagnet on an anisotropic square lattice is studied by using a variational treatment. The model is described by the Heisenberg Hamiltonian with two antiferromagnetic interactions: nearest-neighbor (NN) with different coupling strengths J_{1} and J_{1'} along x and y directions competing with a next-nearest-neighbor coupling J_{2} (NNN). The ground state phase diagram in the (λ,α) space, where λ=J_{1'}/J_{1} and α=J_{2}/J_{1}, is obtained. Depending on the values of λ and α, we obtain three different states: antiferromagnetic (AF), collinear antiferromagnetic (CAF) and quantum paramagnetic (QP). For an intermediate region λ_{1}
Photometric redshifts with Quasi Newton Algorithm (MLPQNA). Results in the PHAT1 contest
Creators: name: Cavuoti, Stefano
name: Brescia, Massimo
name: Longo, Giuseppe
name: Mercurio, Amata
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. Since the advent of modern multiband digital sky surveys, photometric redshifts (photo-z's) have become relevant if not crucial to many fields of observational cosmology, from the characterization of cosmic structures, to weak and strong lensing. Aims. We describe an application to an astrophysical context, namely the evaluation of photometric redshifts, of MLPQNA, a machine learning method based on Quasi Newton Algorithm. Methods. Theoretical methods for photo-z's evaluation are based on the interpolation of a priori knowledge (spectroscopic redshifts or SED templates) and represent an ideal comparison ground for neural networks based methods. The MultiLayer Perceptron with Quasi Newton learning rule (MLPQNA) described here is a computing effective implementation of Neural Networks for the first time exploited to solve regression problems in the astrophysical context and is offered to the community through the DAMEWARE (DAta Mining & ExplorationWeb Application REsource) infrastructure. Results. The PHAT contest (Hildebrandt et al. 2010) provides a standard dataset to test old and new methods for photometric redshift evaluation and with a set of statistical indicators which allow a straightforward comparison among different methods. The MLPQNA model has been applied on the whole PHAT1 dataset of 1984 objects after an optimization of the model performed by using as training set the 515 available spectroscopic redshifts. When applied to the PHAT1 dataset, MLPQNA obtains the best bias accuracy (0.0006) and very competitive accuracies in terms of scatter (0.056) and outlier percentage (16.3%), scoring as the second most effective empirical method among those which have so far participated to the contest. MLPQNA shows better generalization capabilities than most other empirical methods especially in presence of underpopulated regions of the Knowledge Base.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics; 9 pages, 2 figures
Atmospheric fuzzy risk assessment of confined spaces at mine reclamation sites
Creators: name: Mohammadi, Ladan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: In 2006, a tragic accident took place at the Sullivan mine in Kimberley, British Columbia. Four people died as the result of their entry into an oxygen-depleted sampling station located at the toe of a waste dump. The dump had been in active use for over 50 years and the sampling shed for about 5 years without any problem. The accident was reported as being unprecedented in the history of mining. The accident shows that reclamation sites can be an atmospheric danger only recognizable if a risk assessment is carried out on a regular basis for many years after closure. It is important to conduct regular assessments since there are physical, chemical and environmental factors that affect oxygen-depletion in waste dumps that change over time. In this thesis, an Atmospheric Fuzzy Risk Assessment (AFRA) tool was devised to recognize confined space dangers at sulfide waste dumps undergoing reclamation. The tool is a fuzzy expert system to transfer knowledge on atmospheric hazards. Modeling the complex environment of a waste dump where internal and external factors change temporally and spatially using conventional mathematical tools is a difficult task. Therefore, a technique based on fuzzy logic and weighted inferencing was applied since this method relies on a heuristic approach that allow for case–based reasoning. AFRA can help mining engineers and other safety professionals to recognize this type of danger while developing a confined space inventory at any site. The second goal of this research has been to create an application for hand-held pocket PCs and/or Smart phones that can be used by first-responders to provide answers about a possible confined space situation to help them decide to enter or not into that space.
Japan's labor unions
Creators: name: Flath, David
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1998
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: The various labor laws enacted in Japan in the Occupation era, and still in effect today without substantial amendment, legitimized unions, both as bargaining units on behalf of the employees of large companies and as political organizations, but prohibited strikes by public employees, and did not lead to the establishment of valuable labor monopolies. The effective bargaining units in wage negotiations in Japan are mostly enterprise unions, whose respective members are employees of a given company. This does not preclude their having succeeded in raising members' wages. Japan's infrequency and short duration of strikes is a poor indication of the effectiveness of its labor unions at obtaining higher wages for their members. The smallness of losses due to strikes in Japan means only that there is little discrepancy between the unions' and employers' information regarding the employers' maximum willingness to pay a premium for union members' services. It does not necessarily mean that the premium itself is small. Enterprise union members in Japan mostly include the regular employees of large firms, trained in company-specific skills and expectant of long ultimate tenures of service. Compared to members of a typical industry-wide union in the U.S. or elsewhere, the members of a Japanese enterprise union are relatively homogeneous and have had a longer time in which to observe the behavior of their employer. For both these reasons, it is quite natural to suppose that union members in Japan should be relatively well-informed regarding their employers' willingness to pay a premium for their services.
title: The Impacts of Maturation and Experience on Volumetric Neuroplasticity in Solitary and Social Bees
Creators: name: Hagadorn, Mallory A.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2023

description: Some animals are incredibly social, living and working together as one cohesive group. Alternatively, many animals are solitary, never living with and rarely interacting with others. A large body of biological research has focused on understanding the role that brains play in promoting these behavioral differences across species. Even so, it remains unclear why some brains facilitate social behavior while others do not. My dissertation aims to advance our understanding of this concept by characterizing bees’ brains and how they change over a lifetime. Bees are beneficial for investigating relationships between the brain and social behavior because some species are solitary while others are highly social. However, sociality in bees is more dynamic than that; a blending of these two extremes can also occur. This enables us to explore how brains change with social context within a single group of organisms. My first chapter uses a solitary bee to understand how simple social interactions can impact the brain. I found that—even in a solitary bee—certain brain regions grow in size in response to the presence of other bees. This trait may have been important in the evolutionary origins of social behavior. My second chapter investigated the effects of aging in the brains of two bee species, one that is sometimes social while the other is always social. I found that the brains of these species naturally change over time, a feature common to highly social species, e.g., honey bees. This suggests that having brains that change with age may be an important feature of sociality. My final research chapter made comparisons between queen and worker bees to investigate if their colony roles and behaviors dictated the relative size of different regions of their brains. I found that queen and worker brains respond differently to removing offspring care, a trait fundamental to defining their role in the colony. This highlights a potentially unique relationship between the brain and social life. Collectively, my dissertation used bees to enhance our understanding of what it means to have a social brain.
On-chip optical diode based on silicon photonic crystal heterojunctions
Creators: name: Wang, Chen
name: Zhou, Chang-Zhu
name: Li, Zhi-Yuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical isolation is a long pursued object with fundamental difficulty in integrated photonics. As a step towards this goal, we demonstrate the design, fabrication, and characterization of on-chip wavelength-scale optical diodes that are made from the heterojunction between two different silicon two-dimensional square-lattice photonic crystal slabs with directional bandgap mismatch and different mode transitions. The measured transmission spectra show considerable unidirectional transmission behavior, in good agreement with numerical simulations. The experimental realization of on-chip optical diodes using all-dielectric, passive, and linear silicon photonic crystal structures may help to construct on-chip optical logical devices without nonlinearity or magnetism, and would open up a road towards photonic computers.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures
Steel: Nippon Steel, K.K.: Gaining and sustaining long-term advantage through information technology
Creators: name: Rapp, William V.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2000
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: This case for a large integrated steel producer, along with other cases, supports an initial research hypothesis that leading software users in the US and Japan are very sophisticated in the ways they have integrated software into their management strategies. They use it to institutionalize organizational strengths and capture tacit knowledge on an interactive basis. In Japan this strategy has involved heavy reliance on customized and semi-customized software (Rapp 1995) but is changing towards a more selective use of package software managed via customized systems. An example of this is Nippon Steel's development of an E-commerce system to automate its traditional faxed-based ordering system from the Japanese trading companies (TCs). In turn, US firms, such as Merck, who have often relied more on packaged software, are now customizing more. This is especially true for the systems needed to integrate software packages into something more closely linked with the firm's business strategies, markets, and organizational structure. Thus, coming from different directions, there appears to be some convergence in approach by these leading software users. These cases confirm what some other analysts have hypothesized; a coherent business strategy is a necessary condition for a successful information technology (IT) strategy (Wold and Shriver 1993. These strategic links for Nippon Steel and the Japanese steel industry are presented in the following case.
Semiconductors: NEC: Sustaining long-term advantage through information technology
Creators: name: Cabolis, Christos
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1999
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: The case begins by placing the Japanese semiconductor industry in global context and examining the governmental policies and subsequent growth of the domestic and international semiconductor markets. As Japan's leading semiconductor producer, NEC's evolution and current business strategies are an integral part of this development. At the same time, the study of NEC's organizational structure and product choice allows an understanding of the company's use of and demand for software. The case study concludes by examining the use of information technology as a tool to create competitive advantage.
Japanese technology policy
Creators: name: Flath, David
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1998
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: Because Japan was a late developer among the industrial countries, it adopted science and technology policies that hastened the diffusion and dissemination of existing discoveries rather than promoting new discoveries. For example, Japan's patent system encourages the early revelation of new discoveries, promotes patent licensing on terms favorable for users, and affords patent holders only limited rights of exclusivity. By encouraging imitation, Japan's patent system erodes the incentive to develop major innovations but probably does not greatly damage the incentive for large firms to develop minor advances. This explains why most of the private research efforts of Japanese firms have been directed towards development of process innovations with immediate commercial application, not towards basic scientific advances. Public support for research in Japan also reflects some of the same biases as its patent system. In spite of these aspects of Japanese technology policy, Japan has still achieved important contributions to the world's stock of knowledge including the recent perfection and diffusion of the Toyota production management system.
Fortunato Depero and the space of Futurist theatricality
Creators: name: Chiesa, Laura
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Art
Europeans

description: The presentation is a selective reading of Fortunato Depero’s writings and experimentations highlighting his spatial Futurist inventions. Depero’s inventions are theatrical, in the sense that Marjorie Perloff suggests considering Futurist poetics "theatrical," as the "space between the arts." His ‘plastic complexes’, as proposed as early as 1915, are a free play and new configuration of abstract plastic constructions.
Sympathetic and swap cooling of trapped ions by cold atoms in a MOT
Creators: name: Ravi, K.
name: Lee, Seunghyun
name: Sharma, Arijit
name: Werth, G.
name: Rangwala, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A mixed system of cooled and trapped, ions and atoms, paves the way for ion assisted cold chemistry and novel many body studies. Due to the different individual trapping mechanisms, trapped atoms are significantly colder than trapped ions, therefore in the combined system, the strong binary ion$-$atom interaction results in heat flow from ions to atoms. Conversely, trapped ions can also get collisionally heated by the cold atoms, making the resulting equilibrium between ions and atoms intriguing. Here we experimentally demonstrate, Rubidium ions (Rb$^+$) cool in contact with magneto-optically trapped (MOT) Rb atoms, contrary to the general expectation of ion heating for equal ion and atom masses. The cooling mechanism is explained theoretically and substantiated with numerical simulations. The importance of resonant charge exchange (RCx) collisions, which allows swap cooling of ions with atoms, wherein a single glancing collision event brings a fast ion to rest, is discussed.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
Measuring Economic Disadvantage During Childhood: A Group-Based Modeling Approach
Creators: name: Wagmiller, Robert L.
name: Lennon, Mary Clare
name: Alberti, Philip M.
name: Aber, John Lawrence
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Economics
subject: Demography
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Recent research suggest that child well-being and subsequent status attainment are influenced not only by the overall magnitude of exposure to family economic disadvantage during childhood, but also by the age of exposure and significant changes in family economic circumstances. Unfortunately, traditional measures of children's economic deprivation, such as permanent and transitory income, persistent or cumulative poverty, and the number and length of poverty spells, fail to differentiate between exposure to disadvantage at different stages in childhood and largely ignore how family economic circumstances are changing over time. In this paper, the authors propose a new method for assessing economic disadvantage during childhood that captures both children's overall levels of exposure to economic disadvantage and their patterns of exposure. This new method, which takes advantage of recent advances in finite mixture modeling, uses a longitudinal latent class model to classify children into a limited number of groups with similar histories of exposure to family economic disadvantage. Using this new methodology, group membership can be related to both family background characteristics and achievement in childhood and early adulthood, making it possible both to assess how family characteristics affect patterns of exposure to disadvantage during childhood and directly test alternative theories about the effect of different patterns of exposure on achievement. In this paper, the relationship between background factors, such as race, parental education, and family structure, and group membership is investigated, as is the association between group membership and achievement in early adulthood. The use of this technique is demonstrated using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID).
Weak Interaction Contributions in Light Muonic Atoms
Creators: name: Eides, Michael I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Weak interaction contributions to hyperfine splitting and Lamb shift in light electronic and muonic atoms are calculated. We notice that correction to hyperfine splitting turns into zero for deuterium. Weak correction to the Lamb shift in hydrogen is additionally suppressed in comparison with other cases by a small factor $(1-4\sin^2θ_W)$.
description: Minor editorial corrections, reference added, version to be published in Phys. Rev. A
Light cone QCD sum rules study of the semileptonic heavy $Ξ_{Q}$ and $Ξ'_{Q}$ transitions to $Ξ$ and $Σ$ baryons
Creators: name: Azizi, K.
name: Sarac, Y.
name: Sundu, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The semileptonic decays of heavy spin--1/2, $Ξ_{b(c)}$ and $Ξ'_{b(c)}$ baryons to the light spin-- 1/2, $Ξ$ and $Σ$ baryons are investigated in the framework of the light cone QCD sum rules. In particular, using the most general form of the interpolating currents for the heavy baryons as well as the distribution amplitudes of the $Ξ$ and $Σ$ baryons, we calculate all form factors entering the matrix elements of the corresponding effective Hamiltonians in full QCD. Having calculated the responsible form factors, we evaluate the decay rates and branching fractions of the related transitions.
description: 30 Pages, 5 Figures and 18 Tables
«КНѧЗЬ ОУЖЕ ПОЧАЛЪ ПОТѧГНѣТЕ ДРУЖИНА ПО КНѧЗѣ». ОБРЕТЕНИЕ ХАРИЗМЫ: «МЕСТЬ ДРЕВЛЯНАМ» И ИНТРОНИЗАЦИЯ СВЯТОСЛАВА ИГОРЕВИЧА
Creators: name: Пузанов Виктор Владимирович
name: Пузанов Даниил Викторович
Publisher: name: Палеоросия. Древняя Русь во времени, в личностях, в идеях
Year: 2017
Subjects: СВЯТОСЛАВ
ДРЕВЛЯНЕ
МЕСТЬ ОЛЬГИ
ИНТРОНИЗАЦИЯ
SVYATOSLAV
DREVLIANS
VENGEANCE OF OLGA
ENTHRONEMENT

description: Статья посвящена проблеме интронизации русских князей в дохристиан-скую эпоху. На основе летописных известий, миниатюр Радзивиловской летописи и срав-нительно-исторического материала авторы попытались реконструировать обряд интро-низации Святослава Игоревича.The article is devoted to the problem of the enthronement of Russian princes in the pre-Christian era. Having based on the messages of the Chronicles, miniatures of the Radziwill Chronicle and comparative-historical materials the authors of the article have tried to recon-struct the rite of the enthronement of Svyatoslav Igorevich.
New 6cm and 11cm observations of the supernova remnant CTA 1
Creators: name: Sun, X. H.
name: Reich, W.
name: Wang, C.
name: Han, J. L.
name: Reich, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Abridged) We conducted new 6cm and 11cm observations of CTA 1 using the Urumqi 25-m and Effelsberg 100-m telescopes. Data at other wavelengths were included to investigate the spectrum and polarisation properties. We obtained new total intensity and polarisation maps at 6cm and 11cm with angular resolutions of 9.5 arcmin and 4.4 arcmin, respectively. We derived a spectral index of alpha=-0.63+/-0.05 based on the integrated flux densities at 408 MHz, 1420 MHz, 2639 MHz, and 4800 MHz. The spectral index map calculated from data at the four frequencies shows a clear steepening of the spectrum from the strong shell emission towards the north-western breakout region with weak diffuse emission. The decrease of the spectral index is up to about 0.3. The RM map derived from polarisation data at 6cm and 11cm shows a sharp transition between positive RMs in the north-eastern and negative RMs in the south-western part of the SNR. We note a corresponding RM pattern of extragalactic sources and propose the existence of a large-diameter Faraday screen in front of CTA 1, which covers the north-eastern part of the SNR. The RM of the Faraday screen is estimated to be about +45 rad/m2. A RM structure function of CTA 1 indicates a very regular magnetic field within the Faraday screen, which is larger than about 2.7 microG in case of 500 pc distance.
description: 9 pages, 12 figures, minor changes, accepted for publication in A&A