cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 Bibliometrics 9th – 15th November 2020
Creators: name: Www.Covid19bibliometrics.Org
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: COVID-19
Medicine and Health
Science and Engineering
Social Science, Humanities and Public Policy
novel Coronavirus
SARS-CoV-2

description: This is a compilation of COVID-19 research insights published from 9th – 15th November 2020 in these fields: Medicine and Health Science and Engineering Social Science, Humanities and Public Policy About www.covid19bibliometrics.org
 Introduction: The number of confirmed cases during the current Covid-19 pandemic is escalating exponentially. At the same time, the public are constantly being inundated with a formidable quantity of information, from innumerable sources, and containing both genuine as well as fake news. The Covid-19 “infodemic” is here. Health professionals including medical doctors and nurses are busy fighting the virus on the front line in our communities and hospitals and struggling to treat the ever-growing number of cases. Scientists and technicians at their bench-tops and computers in their research laboratories, are racing to find solutions, create new protective equipment, and ideally develop a vaccine. They all need accurate, timely and reliable information upon which they can make their decisions, find solutions, and help defeat this pandemic. This initiative aims to provide reliable and timely (initially at least twice a week) web updates on the relevant published literature. “Reliable” and “timely” means that it can be trusted and it is up to date; “relevant” and “published” means that it is focused on what health professionals and scientists need when facing both the pandemic and the infodemic, and it can be trusted as sound science. We plan to make the material succinct and accessible, and to provide key bibliometric indices such as source and citation.
 Objectives: 1. To update the global scientific community on current Covid-19 related published papers in an accessible, timely and trusted format
 2. To analyse the published papers for trends and to provide insights
 3. To identify gaps in research
 4. To promote international research collaboration with a view to overcoming Covid-19 and promoting recovery Methodology: Covid-19 related publications to be searched using the Scopus database using as a minimum the following keywords: 2019-nCoV, SARS-CoV-2, Covid-19, novel Coronavirus. Papers then to be categorized according to topic, research fields, institutions, countries, etc. Abstracts and papers to be reviewed for findings, trends, key insights, etc. To read previous COVID-19 research insights, please go to:
 https://zenodo.org/communities/covid19bibliometrics/
description: More information, please go to https://www.covid19bibliometrics.org/
PSTM Transaction Scheduler Verification Based on CSP and Testing
Creators: name: Popovic, Miroslav
name: Popovic, Marko
name: Kordic, Branislav
name: Zhu, Huibiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.2.4

description: Many online transaction scheduler architectures and algorithms for various software transactional memories have been designed in order to maintain good system performance even for high concurrency workloads. Most of these algorithms were directly implemented in a target programming language, and experimentally evaluated, without theoretical proofs of correctness and analysis of their performance. Only a small number of these algorithms were modeled using formal methods, such as process algebra CSP, in order to verify that they satisfy properties such as deadlock-freeness and starvation-freeness. However, as this paper shows, using solely formal methods has its disadvantages, too. In this paper, we first analyze the previous CSP model of PSTM transaction scheduler by comparing the model checker PAT results with the manually derived expected results, for the given test workloads. Next, according to the results of this analysis, we correct and extend the CSP model. Finally, based on PAT results for the new CSP model, we analyze the performance of PSTM online transaction scheduling algorithms from the perspective of makespan, number of aborts, and throughput. Based on our findings, we may conclude that for the complete formal verification of trustworthy software, both formal verification and it's testing must be jointly used.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures, 5 tables, 4 algorithms
title: Group gradings on classical lie superalgebras
Creators: name: De Naday Hornhardt, Caio
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Year: 2021

description: Assuming the base field is algebraically closed, we classify, up to isomorphism, gradings by arbitrary groups on non-exceptional classical simple Lie superalgebras, excluding those of type A(1, 1), and on finite dimensional superinvolution-simple associative superalgebras. We assume the characteristic to be 0 in the Lie case, and different from 2 in the associative case. Our approach is based on a version of Wedderburn Theorem for graded-simple associative superalgebras satisfying a descending chain condition, which allows us to classify superinvolutions using nondegenerate supersymmetric sesquilinear forms on graded modules over a graded-division superalgebra. To transfer the results from the associative case to the Lie case, we use the duality between G-gradings and b G-actions for finite dimensional universal algebras.
An easy proof of the Stone-von Neumann-Mackey theorem
Creators: name: Prasad, Amritanshu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 43-01

description: The Stone-von Neumann-Mackey Theorem for Heisenberg groups associated to locally compact abelian groups is proved using the Peter-Weyl theorem and the theory of Fourier transforms for finite dimensional real vector spaces. A theorem of Pontryagin and van Kampen on the structure of locally compact abelian groups (which is evident in any particular case) is assumed.
description: 10 pages
Doppler Shift in Andreev Reflection from a Moving Superconducting Condensate in Nb/InAs Josephson Junctions
Creators: name: Rohlfing, F.
name: Tkachov, G.
name: Otto, F.
name: Richter, K.
name: Weiss, D.
name: Borghs, G.
name: Strunk, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study narrow ballistic Josephson weak links in a InAs quantum wells contacted by Nb electrodes and find a dramatic magnetic-field suppression of the Andreev reflection amplitude, which occurs even for in-plane field orientation with essentially no magnetic flux through the junction. Our observations demonstrate the presence of a Doppler shift in the energy of the Andreev levels, which results from diamagnetic screening currents in the hybrid Nb/InAs-banks. The data for conductance, excess and critical currents can be consistently explained in terms of the sample geometry and the McMillan energy, characterizing the transparency of the Nb/InAs-interface.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures, title modified
Dark matter and sub-GeV hidden U(1) in GMSB models
Creators: name: Chun, Eung Jin
name: Park, Jong-Chul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the recent PAMELA and ATIC data, one is led to a scenario with heavy vector-like dark matter in association with a hidden $U(1)_X$ sector below GeV scale. Realizing this idea in the context of gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking (GMSB), a heavy scalar component charged under $U(1)_X$ is found to be a good dark matter candidate which can be searched for direct scattering mediated by the Higgs boson and/or by the hidden gauge boson. The latter turns out to put a stringent bound on the kinetic mixing parameter between $U(1)_X$ and $U(1)_Y$: $θ\lesssim 10^{-6}$. For the typical range of model parameters, we find that the decay rates of the ordinary lightest neutralino into hidden gauge boson/gaugino and photon/gravitino are comparable, and the former decay mode leaves displaced vertices of lepton pairs and missing energy with distinctive length scale larger than 20 cm for invariant lepton pair mass below 0.5 GeV. An unsatisfactory aspect of our model is that the Sommerfeld effect cannot raise the galactic dark matter annihilation by more than 60 times for the dark matter mass below TeV.
description: 1+15 pages, 4 figures, version published in JCAP, references added, minor changes
title: Tailoring of the electrical and thermal properties using ultra-short period non-symmetric superlattices
Creators: name: Komar, Paulina
name: Chávez-Ángel, Emigdio
name: Euler, Christoph
name: Balke, Benjamin
name: Kolb, Ute
name: Müller, Mathis M.
name: Kleebe, Hans-Joachim
name: Fecher, Gerhard H.
name: Jakob, Gerhard
Publisher: name: AIP Publishing
Year: 2022

description: Thermoelectric modules based on half-Heusler compounds offer a cheap and clean way to create eco-friendly electrical energy from waste heat. Here we study the impact of the period composition on the electrical and thermal properties in non-symmetric superlattices, where the ratio of components varies according to (TiNiSn)ₙ:(HfNiSn)₆₋ₙ, and 0 ⩽ n ⩽ 6 unit cells. The thermal conductivity (κ) showed a strong dependence on the material content achieving a minimum value for n = 3, whereas the highest value of the figure of merit ZT was achieved for n = 4. The measured κ can be well modeled using non-symmetric strain relaxation applied to the model of the series of thermal resistances.
SciELO Portugal a "nova" vida de uma "velha" iniciativa
Creators: name: Carvalho, José
name: Costa, Susana
name: Lopes, Paulo
name: Rodrigues, Eloy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Apresentação realizada na sessão Pecha Kucha III da 12ª Conferência Luso-Brasileira de Ciência Aberta, formato híbrido, de 13 a 15 de outubro de 2021.
Additional file 1 of Leptospirosis in Malaysia: current status, insights, and future prospects
Creators: name: Philip, Noraini
name: Ahmed, Kamruddin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Summary of studies on animals, environment and humans in Malaysia.
Persistent Confucion: The Circuit Split Over the Exception to Discharge for Defalcation Under 11 U.S.C. §523(a)(4)
Creators: name: Knox, Matthew W.
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2008

description: Section 523(a)(4) of the Bankruptcy Code provides one of several exceptions to the discharge of debts that an individual debtor enjoys in bankruptcy. Specifically, that provision contains an exception to a debtor’s discharge “for . . . defalcation while acting in a fiduciary capacity . . . .” This provision regulates an area of personal bankruptcy law where the financial insolvency of the individual debtor intersects with his responsibility for some aspect of the financial dealings of the party to whom he owes a fiduciary duty. Particularly in the wake of recent corporate scandals and the current economic downturn, the ability of beneficiaries to recover from individual debtor-fiduciaries whose acts of defalcation have cause them economic loss can serve as an important remedy for and deterrent to carelessness and malfeasance. While the § 523(a)(4) exception to discharge may protect the victim of a debtor’s defalcation, it must be balanced with the countervailing purpose of the bankruptcy laws to provide an honest but unfortunate debtor with a fresh start. Part of a curt’s analysis in determining the applicability of the defalcation exception entails consideration of the level of intent with which an act of defalcation must be committed in order to qualify for the exception to discharge under § 523(a)(4). In September 2007, after reviewing what is called “persistent confusion” among its sister circuits in determining what exactly a defalcation entails, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, in the case of In re Hyman, held that the exception to discharge for defalcation “requires a showing of conscious misbehavior or extreme recklessness . . . .” The First Circuit had previously adopted this standard. This Note argues that rather than the extreme recklessness standard of defalcation adopted by the First and Second Circuits or the innocent mistake standard of the Fourth, Eight, and Ninth Circuits, the Supreme Court of the United States, if confronted with the circuit split should adopt a mens rea standard modeled on the business judgment rule common to corporate law, which reflects the consensus of the Firth, Sixth, and Seventh Circuits that more than an innocent mistake is necessary for an act of misappropriation to constitute a defalcation. This willful neglect/recklessness standard makes the most interpretive sense in light of the goals of the Bankruptcy Code in general and of the structure and logical consistency of § 523 in particular.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2008 No. 3
AMiBA: Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect derived properties and scaling relations of massive galaxy clusters
Creators: name: Liao, Yu-Wei
name: Wu, Jiun-Huei Proty
name: Ho, Paul T. P.
name: Huang, Chih-Wei Locutus
name: Koch, Patrick M.
name: Lin, Kai-Yang
name: Liu, Guo-Chin
name: Molnar, Sandor M.
name: Nishioka, Hiroaki
name: Umetsu, Keiichi
name: Wang, Fu-Cheng
name: Altamirano, Pablo
name: Birkinshaw, Mark
name: Chang, Chia-Hao
name: Chang, Shu-Hao
name: Chang, Su-Wei
name: Chen, Ming-Tang
name: Chiueh, Tzihong
name: Han, Chih-Chiang
name: Huang, Yau-De
name: Hwang, Yuh-Jing
name: Jiang, Homin
name: Kesteven, Michael
name: Kubo, Derek
name: Li, Chao-Te
name: Martin-Cocher, Pierre
name: Oshiro, Peter
name: Raffin, Philippe
name: Wei, Tashun
name: Wilson, Warwick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect (SZE) has been observed toward six massive galaxy clusters, at redshifts 0.091 \leq z \leq 0.322 in the 86-102 GHz band with the Y. T. Lee Array for Microwave Background Anisotropy (AMiBA). We modify an iterative method, based on the isothermal β-models, to derive the electron temperature T_e, total mass M_t, gas mass M_g, and integrated Compton Y within r_2500, from the AMiBA SZE data. Non-isothermal universal temperature profile (UTP) βmodels are also considered in this paper. These results are in good agreement with those deduced from other observations. We also investigate the embedded scaling relations, due to the assumptions that have been made in the method we adopted, between these purely SZE-deduced T_e, M_t, M_g and Y. Our results suggest that cluster properties may be measurable with SZE observations alone. However, the assumptions built into the pure-SZE method bias the results of scaling relation estimations and need further study.
description: Accepted by ApJ; 9 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables
REA na saúde: boas práticas para sua aplicação e o papel das bibliotecas
Creators: name: Araújo, Lyvia Rocha de Jesus
name: Prudencio, Dayanne da Silva
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Apresentação realizada na sessão Pecha Kucha IV da 12ª Conferência Luso-Brasileira de Ciência Aberta, formato híbrido, de 13 a 15 de outubro de 2021.
Low-intensity illumination for lensless digital holographic microscopy with minimized sample interaction
Creators: name: Mirecki, Bartosz
name: Rogalski, Mikołaj
name: Arcab, Piotr
name: Rogujski, Piotr
name: Stanaszek, Luiza
name: Józwik, Michał
name: Truisak, Maciej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exposure to laser light alters cell culture examination via optical microscopic imaging techniques, also based on label-free coherent digital holography. To mitigate this detrimental feature, researchers tend to use a broader spectrum and lower intensity of illumination, which can decrease the quality of holographic imaging due to lower resolution and higher noise. We study the lensless digital holographic microscopy (LDHM) ability to operate in the low photon budget (LPB) regime to enable imaging of unimpaired live cells with minimized sample interaction. Low-cost off-the-shelf components are used, promoting the usability of such a straightforward approach. We show that recording data in the LPB regime (down to 7 uW of illumination power) does not limit the contrast nor resolution of the hologram phase and amplitude reconstruction compared to the regular illumination. The LPB generates hardware camera shot noise, however, to be effectively minimized via numerical denoising. The ability to obtain high-quality, high-resolution optical complex field reconstruction was confirmed using the USAF 1951 amplitude sample, phase resolution test target, and finally, live glial restricted progenitor cells (as a challenging strongly absorbing and scattering biomedical sample). The proposed approach based on severely limiting the photon budget in lensless holographic microscopy method can open new avenues in high-throughout (optimal resolution, large field-of-view and high signal-to-noise-ratio single-hologram reconstruction) cell culture imaging with minimized sample interaction.
Universal Hubbard models with arbitrary symmetry
Creators: name: Feverati, G.
name: Frappat, L.
name: Ragoucy, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a general framework that leads to one-dimensional XX and Hubbard models in full generality, based on the decomposition of an arbitrary vector space (possibly infinite dimensional) into a direct sum of two subspaces, the two corresponding orthogonal projectors allowing one to define a R-matrix of a universal XX model, and then of a Hubbard model using a Shastry type construction. The QISM approach ensures integrability of the models, the properties of the obtained R-matrices leading to local Hubbard-like Hamiltonians. In all cases, the energies, the symmetry algebras and the scattering matrices are explicitly determined. The computation of the Bethe Ansatz equations for some subsectors of the universal Hubbard theories are determined, while they are fully computed in the XX case. A perturbative calculation in the large coupling regime is also done for the universal Hubbard models.
description: 33 pages
To Assign, or Not to Assign: Rethinking Assignee Liability as a Solution to the Subprime Mortgage Crisis
Creators: name: Carlson, James
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2008

description: Following the subprime mortgage crash of 2007, calls for regulation of subprime lending reached fever pitch. Assignee liability or abrogation of the “holder in due course” doctrine, emerged as a consistent favorite. Praised by academics and adopted by many states, assignee liability allowed borrowers to bring claims against the trust holding their loan, as well as the originator. This provided a remedy for the homeowner when the originator disappeared and would, in theory, force the banks to police the originators. Regulators believed that by making assignees liable they would prevent some of the risk shifting that made predatory lending possible. This Note offers a novel empirical rebuke of assignee liability. The use of propensity score matching creates a more robust picture of subprime lending than did previous studies limited to cross-border controls. The results suggest that assignee liability laws may be promoting a false sense of security by appearing to eliminate predatory lending, but not doing so in fact. This Article argues that the failure of assignee liability is a failure of conception. In an attempt to remedy the effects of subprime lending, the quest became one of compensation for the victims, rather than deterrence of the practice. The result is a regime that adds a surcharge to the cost of making legitimate subprime loans, limiting the subprime market without preventing predatory practices. Solutions like those used against insider trading—putting the good of the market ahead of compensation for the individuals—provide a more sustainable approach. It is least cost avoidance, investor confidence, and deterrence, not compensation, that must form the basis of any solution.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2008 No. 3
Mutual Fund Investors: Divergent Profiles
Creators: name: Palmiter, Alan R.
name: Taha, Ahmed E.
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2008

description: Mutual funds are owned by almost half of all U.S. households, manage nearly $12 trillion dollars in assets, and have become a primary vehicle for retirement and investment savings in the United States. Who are mutual fund investors? The answer is critical to regulatory policy for the mutual fund industry. Fund investors, by selecting the funds in which they invest, play a central role in determining asset allocation and in controlling the fees and expenses that funds charge. Thus, the functioning of the mutual fund market turns on the knowledge and financial sophistication of fund investors. This article examines the profiles of mutual fund investors presented alternatively by the mutual fund industry, by the SEC, and by an extensive empirical academic literature. The industry portrays fund investors as diligent, fairly sophisticated, and guided by professional financial advisers. The result, according to the industry, is a competitive mutual fund market in which fund investors demand low costs and solid performance. The SEC’s regulatory policy paints a more cautious portrait of fund investors. While acknowledging that many investors have limitations, however, the SEC touts improved disclosure by the industry as a sufficient antidote. The academic literature, produced primarily by finance professors, finds that fund investors are generally uninformed and financially unsophisticated. Most investors are unaware of the basic characteristics of their funds, pay little attention to costs (especially ongoing costs), and chase past performance despite little evidence that high past fund returns predict future returns. Even fund investors who use financial advisers do not make better choices. The SEC’s belief that fund investors can fend for themselves, once armed with adequate disclosure, fails to appreciate the extent of investors’ limitation. Instead, the findings of the academic literature suggest that policymakers should rethink current regulatory policy. Disclosure may not be enough.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2008 No. 3
Advection/Diffusion of Large-Scale B-Field in Accretion Disks
Creators: name: Lovelace, R. V. E.
name: Rothstein, D. M.
name: Bisnovatyi-Kogan, G. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Activity of the nuclei of galaxies and stellar mass systems involving disk accretion to black holes is thought to be due to (1) a small-scale turbulent magnetic field in the disk (due to the magneto-rotational instability or MRI) which gives a large viscosity enhancing accretion, and (2) a large-scale magnetic field which gives rise to matter outflows and/or electromagnetic jets from the disk which also enhances accretion. An important problem with this picture is that the enhanced viscosity is accompanied by an enhanced magnetic diffusivity which acts to prevent the build up of a significant large-scale field. Recent work has pointed out that the disk's surface layers are non-turbulent and thus highly conducting (or non-diffusive) because the MRI is suppressed high in the disk where the magnetic and radiation pressures are larger than the thermal pressure. Here, we calculate the vertical ($z$) profiles of the stationary accretion flows (with radial and azimuthal components), and the profiles of the large-scale, magnetic field taking into account the turbulent viscosity and diffusivity due to the MRI and the fact that the turbulence vanishes at the surface of the disk. The stationary solutions we find indicate that a weak ($β> 1$) large-scale field does not diffuse away as suggested by earlier work.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Section 524(g) Without Compromise: Voting Rights and the Absestos Bankruptcy Paradox
Creators: name: Brown, S. Todd
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2008

description: Legislative and judicial efforts to make asbestos-driven bankruptcies more efficient, maximize assets available to compensate current and future asbestos victims, and preserve viable businesses have, over time, provided a small group of law firms a de facto veto power over any asbestos bankruptcy plan. Given the common presumption that this veto power is absolute, most asbestos defendant-debtors and bankruptcy courts have been extremely deferential to the Controlling Firms’ demands; even to the point to approving schemes that violate black-letter bankruptcy law and raise significant professional responsibility concerns. The result is an unusual paradox—the only way for debtors to obtain the asbestos plaintiff votes required to have a reorganization plan confirmed is to accept terms that will render the plan unconfirmable or, at least, unable to withstand a sustained challenge on appeal. Even if asbestos defendant-debtors ultimately overcome the paradox, they may be discouraged from pursuing a timely bankruptcy fling or choose increasingly risky alternatives outside of bankruptcy, thereby depleting their assets and reducing their ability to reorganize when they ultimately file Chapter 11. Under any scenario, whatever assets remain for future victims will be insufficient to compensate them for their injuries. This Article begins with an overview of the interwoven histories of asbestos tort and bankruptcy law. Against that backdrop, the second section questions the basic policy and administrative assumptions that produced the asbestos bankruptcy paradox. The Article suggests several basic, yet critical, judicial responses that will help restore the integrity of asbestos bankruptcy administration, preserve due process for future victims and advance bankruptcy law’s key goals of efficiency, fairness and finality.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2008 No. 3
Defining eSports: A Scoping Review Protocol
Creators: name: TANG, Di
name: Sum, Kim
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
subject: Arts and Humanities
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: concept analysis
subject: definition
subject: eSports
subject: scoping review

description: This is a protocol of a scoping review to define eSports, including search strategy, eligibility criteria, data charting, and a method of qualitatitive synthesis of this study.
Making Palm Print Matching Mobile
Creators: name: Fang, Li
name: Leung, Maylor K. H.
name: Chian, Cheng Shao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With the growing importance of personal identification and authentication in todays highly advanced world where most business and personal tasks are being replaced by electronic means, the need for a technology that is able to uniquely identify an individual and has high fraud resistance see the rise of biometric technologies. Making biometric based solution mobile is a promising trend. A new RST invariant square based palm print ROI extraction method was successfully implemented and integrated into the current application suite. A new set of palm print image database captured using embedded cameras in mobile phone was created to test its robustness. Comparing to those extraction methods that are based on boundary tracking of the overall hand shape that has limitation of being unable to process palm print images that has one or more fingers closed, the system can now effectively handle the segmentation of palm print images with varying finger positioning. The high flexibility makes palm print matching mobile possible.
description: 9 pages IEEE format, International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, IJCSIS November 2009, ISSN 1947 5500, http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/
Corporate Therapeutics at the Securities and Exchange Commission
Creators: name: Barnard, Jayne W.
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2008

description: Who sets the norms for the ways in which American public companies are governed? There are, of course, many answers to this question: the Delaware Supreme Court, influential scholars and other norm entrepreneurs, members of Congress through well-intentioned legation, the New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ through their listing standards, the Business roundtable through its lobbying and litigation, institutional investors, and the “market” generally. The Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), too, has been tinkering with corporate governance norms in the course of settling its civil enforcement actions. For many years the SEC has settled cases with therapeutic provisions called “undertakings.” These undertakings have required the creation of new management positions, adoption of new accounting and reporting practices, reconfiguration or corporate training programs, and establishment of specific board-level committees and procedures. One might ask whether the SEC has the expertise to design desirable corporate governance changes or whether the therapeutic provisions the SEC has demanded are the right ones or the best ones for the corporate defendants in question. This Article explores SEC’s use of corporate therapeutics as a remedial tool. It examines the kinds of “therapeutics” the SEC currently favors, and explores the question of agency expertise. The conclusion of this Article is a policy prescription. The SEC has been admirably forthcoming in articulating its policies regarding the imposition of civil penalties against corporations. This Article proposes that the SEC similarly articulate its policies regarding the use of therapeutic sanctions.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2008 No. 3
Examining the judicial imposition of indeterminate sentences for dangerous offenders in Canada
Creators: name: Yule, Alison Mary
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Part XXIV of the Criminal Code contains a legislative mechanism to detain indefinitely people who have repeatedly committed violent offences and who are deemed too dangerous to be released into society because of their history of violent offending. Sentencing under Part XXIV involves judicial consideration of statutorily mandated risk assessment reports. These reports are conducted by psychological experts who present their testimony surrounding their report in a DO hearing. Judges rely heavily on the information contained within these reports when deciding whether to impose an indeterminate sentence on an individual who has been designated dangerous. Despite being challenged over time, the DO regime has been upheld as constitutional. Notwithstanding, there is a growing body of research questioning the socio-cultural validity of Part XXIV’s sentencing mechanism, specifically its great emphasis on predictions of future risk. The purpose of this thesis is to examine how and why judges decide to impose and indeterminate sentences on certain individuals designated dangerous, while others not. I first question whether indeterminate sentences, as a practice, can be theoretically justified. Through examining caselaw I look at how judges determine the appropriate disposition for designated dangerous offenders, and the factors which judges appear to give the most weight in deciding whether to impose an indeterminate sentence. Specifically, I examine the impact that offender/victim relationships had on disposition outcome, and how judges consider the Indigeneity of the offender in assessing whether the indeterminate sentence is appropriate. Ultimately, I flag the need for further research into cultural bias in the context of risk assessment under Part XXIV and how judges activate their remedial role by adopting a ‘Gladue forward approach’ and refusing to impose indeterminate sentences on Indigenous people.
Much Ado About Nothing: An Analysis of the “Accredited Natural Person” Standard
Creators: name: Gately, Matthew F.
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2008

description: Hedge funds are private investment vehicles that avoid a large degree of securities regulation through exemptions in the major Congressional acts that created securities law. Because hedge funds are largely unregulated, they are able to engage in trading strategies not available to other investment vehicles, such as mutual funds. Due to the growth of the hedge fund industry and the collapse of some large hedge funds, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) in reexamining many of the securities law provisions that deal with hedge funds, including those that exempt hedge funds from regulation. Currently, hedge funds are able to avoid regulation under the Securities Act of 1933 by limiting the sale of their securities to “accredited investors.” For a natural person to qualify as an “accredited investor,” he or she must either have a new worth of $1 million or a minimum annual income. The SEC recently released Proposed Rules 509 and 216, which would reduce the number of natural persons able to invest directly in hedge funds by creating an “accredited natural person” test that would require an individual to own $2.5 million in investments before he or she can invest directly in a hedge fund. This Not evaluates the impact that the “accredited natural person” standard would have on both the market and individual investors, ultimately concluding that the SEC should not adopt the proposed rules. While the SEC believes that the Proposed Rules provide necessary investor protection, they will actually harm the individuals who would be excluded from investing directly in hedge funds. The Proposed Rules will hinder capital formation and reduce hedge fund competition.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2008 No. 2
Comparative study of different scattering geometries for the proposed Indian X-ray polarization measurement experiment using Geant4
Creators: name: Vadawale, S. V.
name: Paul, B.
name: Pendharkar, J.
name: Naik, Sachindra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Polarization measurements in X-rays can provide unique opportunity to study the behavior of matter and radiation under extreme magnetic fields and extreme gravitational fields. Unfortunately, over past two decades, when X-ray astronomy witnessed multiple order of magnitude improvement in temporal, spatial and spectral sensitivities, there is no (or very little) progress in the field of polarization measurements of astrophysical X-rays. Recently, a proposal has been submitted to ISRO for a dedicated small satellite based experiment to carry out X-ray polarization measurement, which aims to provide the first X-ray polarization measurements since 1976. This experiment will be based on the well known principle of polarization measurement by Thomson scattering and employs the baseline design of a central low Z scatterer surrounded by X-ray detectors to measure the angular intensity distribution of the scattered X-rays. The sensitivity of such experiment is determined by the collecting area, scattering and detection efficiency, X-ray detector background, and the modulation factor. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully select the scattering geometry which can provide the highest modulation factor and thus highest sensitivity within the specified experimental constraints. The effective way to determine optimum scattering geometry is by studying various possible scattering geometries by means of Monte Carlo simulations. Here we present results of our detailed comparative study based on Geant4 simulations of five different scattering geometries which can be considered within the weight and size constraints of the proposed small satellite based X-ray polarization measurement experiment.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in "Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, A"
Is Hedge Fund Activism New Hope for the Market?
Creators: name: Chueh, Kuang-Wei
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2008

description: The American corporate system is characterized by separation of ownership and control. In theory, shareholders monitor the elected directors, who manage the company as the shareholders’ fiduciaries. However, many experts regard shareholder passivity as inevitable. This is troubling because without robust monitoring, managers can use their discretion to make business decisions that benefit themselves at the cost of shareholders. The emergence of hedge fund activism may offer new solutions to the shareholder passivity dilemma as hedge fund activists engage in vigorous oversight. If hedge fund activists’ interest are in line with the interests of their target companies, such activism may enhance the values of their target companies. If not, practitioners and academic commentators worry that hedge fund activism could generate negative results. This Note explores the impact of hedge fund activism on the market and concludes that the market as a whole will likely benefit.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2008 No. 2
On the characterization of parabolicity and hyperbolicity of submanifolds
Creators: name: Esteve, Antonio
name: Palmer, Vicente
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C40; 31C12

description: We give a set of sufficient and necessary conditions for parabolicity and hyperbolicity of a submanifold with controlled mean curvature in a Riemannian manifold with a pole and with sectional curvatures bounded from above or from below.
description: 19 pages
Additional file 1 of Use of professional home care in persons with spinal cord injury in Switzerland: a cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Wagner, Aylin
name: Brach, Mirjam
name: Scheel-Sailer, Anke
name: Friedli, Manuela
name: Hund-Georgiadis, Margret
name: Jordan, Xavier
name: Schubert, Martin
name: Gemperli, Armin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Job Well Done: Preventing the Use of Private Placement Life Insurance to Wrap Hedge Fund Investments
Creators: name: Chu, Stephen P.
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2008

description: As the economy continues to see a significant rise in hedge fund activity, investors continue to look for mechanisms that will mitigate the tax burden on their hedge fund investments. In an attempt to avoid the harsh ordinary tax income, taxpayers may wrap hedge fund interest within a private placement life insurance contract. An insurance wrapper is a life insurance contract in which a portion of the policyholder’s premium payment is invested in a hedge fund. Because the hedge fund interests are held within an insurance policy, gains on the investments are shielded from tax. Policyholders may also be able to access their money during their lifetimes by withdrawing or borrowing funds from the policy, tax-free. While the use of private placement life insurance contracts gives wealthy investors the prospect of huge tax savings on hedge fund investments, the transaction also gives rise to the question of whether the practice is a bona fide planning device or an improper shelter. There is a blurry line between an improper tax shelter and more legitimate strategies that take advantage of the intricacies of the tax code. Improper shelters arise because of the difficulty in perfectly specifying or defining the tax base. Through revenue rulings, private letter rulings, and treasure regulations, the Treasure Department and the Internal Revenue Service convey their position and offer guidance to practitioners and taxpayers regarding the relevant transaction. This Note analyzes the effectiveness of these rulings and regulations in the context of private placement life insurance wrappers. Ultimately, the rulings and regulations have succeeded in preventing the use of life insurance as a tax shelter for hedge fund investments, leaving no cause for Congressional concern today.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2008 No. 2
Implementaçãode um registo nacional de outputs de ciência e tecnologia
Creators: name: Moreira, João Mendes
name: Lopes, Paulo
name: Pereira, Filipa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Apresentação realizada na sessão Pecha Kucha IV da 12ª Conferência Luso-Brasileira de Ciência Aberta, formato híbrido, de 13 a 15 de outubro de 2021.
Simultaneous preparation of two optical cat states based on a nondegenerate optical parametric amplifier
Creators: name: Han, Dongmei
name: Wang, Na
name: Wang, Meihong
name: Su, Xiaolong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The optical cat state, known as the superposition of coherent states, has broad applications in quantum computation and quantum metrology. Increasing the number of optical cat states is crucial to implement complex quantum information tasks based on them. Here, we prepare two optical cat states simultaneously based on a nondegenerate optical parametric amplifier. By subtracting one photon from each of two squeezed vacuum states, two odd cat states with orthogonal superposition direction in phase space are prepared simultaneously, which have similar fidelity of 60% and amplitude of 1.2. Compared with the traditional method to generate two odd optical cat states based on two degenerate optical parametric amplifiers, only one nondegenerate optical parametric amplifier is applied in our experiment, which saves half of the quantum resource of nonlinear cavities. The presented results make a step toward preparing the four-component cat state, which has potential applications in fault-tolerant quantum computation.
Navigating the Safe Harbors: Two Bright Line Rules to Assist Courts in Applying the Stockbroker Defense and the Good Faith Defense
Creators: name: Kim, Peter S.
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2008

description: In the spring of 1996, Michael Berger formed an offshore investment company known as Manhattan Investment Fund Ltd. (“the Fund”). Berger employed a risky strategy of short-selling – an investment tactic that essentially bet on particular stocks dropping in value over a certain period of time. His strategy proved to be a disastrous miscalculation that eventually brought the Fund to financial ruin, leading to losses of nearly $300 million over the next four years and a chain of cover-ups and misdeeds that would leave Berger pleasing guilty to several criminal counts of securities fraud in the summer of 2000. Two of the chief questions left for courts in the wake of a collapse like Manhattan Investment Fund is how to equitably handle the rights of all the players involved, and perhaps more importantly, how to best divvy the remaining assets in according with those rights. As more and more hedge funds and other alternative investment companies are forced to declare insolvency, courts are increasingly being asked to answer this problematic question. The chief focus for the affected parties becomes not just how courts will interpret their rights but further, whether they can reliably depend on those rights to protect them during the bankruptcy process. This Note will focus on the rights and obligations of only one of the many parties implicated when a hedge fund dissolves – the prime broker. It explains the effects of safe harbors during the bankruptcy process for prime brokers and how these special protections operate ultimately to further Congress’s goals of providing stability, consistence, and clarity in the marketplace. Ultimately, this Note recommends two bright line rules courts should use when determining whether to grant parties a safe harbor under the stockbroker defense and the good faith defense, arguing that the application of these wills will provide courts with a pragmatic approach that will deliver consistent and reliable results.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2008 No. 2
Empty Manipulation: Bankruptcy Procedure Rule 2019 and Ownership Disclosure in Chapter 11 Cases
Creators: name: Coco, Kevin J.
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2008

description: Debtors, creditors, and equity holders in Chapter 11 proceedings are waging war with one another over the application of Federal Rule of Bankruptcy Procedure 2019 (“Rule 2019”). Rule 2019 is the latest weapon in the arsenals of debtors facing increasingly aggressive distressed investors and traders who speculate in the debt and equity of bankrupt companies. Bankruptcy judges and scholars have begun to recognize the ability of distressed investors to greatly influence the reorganization process while reducing or eliminating their economic risk. All parties risk confusion, delay, and waste if a consistent and rule-based disclosure scheme is not developed. In a decision that rattled the distressed investor community, the bankruptcy in the Northwest Airlines case mandated, under Rule 2019, that an ad hoc committee of hedge funds disclose the specific prices paid for their claims and interests, as well as the dates on which they were acquired. The Court in Northwest recognized the broader issue: hedge funds and distressed investors have the potential to manipulate and frustrate the Chapter 11 process through hedging and arbitrage strategies that reduce or eliminate economic risk. However, an adequate solution providing for ownership disclosure in bankruptcy has not been developed or proposed. This Note explores the issue of investor disclosure of bankruptcy claims and interests (“ownership disclosure”). It concludes that potential conflicts of interest resulting from the separation of control rights and economic rights in bankruptcy warrants a new, broad ownership disclosure rule for Chapter 11 cases. This Note proposes that the Bankruptcy Code adopt a mandatory ownership disclosure rule that would require investors to reveal economic incentives that may frustrate a debtor’s reorganization.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2008 No. 2
Vibrational nonequilibrium effects in the conductance of single-molecules with multiple electronic states
Creators: name: Härtle, R.
name: Benesch, C.
name: Thoss, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Vibrational nonequilibrium effects in charge transport through single-molecule junctions are investigated. Focusing on molecular bridges with multiple electronic states, it is shown that electronic-vibrational coupling triggers a variety of vibronic emission and absorption processes, which influence the conductance properties and mechanical stability of single-molecule junctions profoundly. Employing a master equation and a nonequilibrium Green's function approach, these processes are analyzed in detail for a generic model of a molecular junction and for benzenedibutanethiolate bound to gold electrodes.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures