Imparfinis usmai Ortega-Lara &amp; Milani &amp; DoNascimiento &amp; Villa-Navarro &amp; Maldonado-Ocampo 2011, new species
Creators: name: Ortega-Lara, Armando
name: Milani, Nadia
name: DoNascimiento, Carlos
name: Villa-Navarro, Francisco
name: Maldonado-Ocampo, Javier Alejandro
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Siluriformes
Heptapteridae
Imparfinis
Imparfinis usmai

description: <i>Imparfinis usmai,</i> new species <b>Fig. 3</b> <b>Holotype.</b> IMCN 4812, 83.4 mm SL, Colombia, Departamento del Tolima, Municipio Coello, vereda Potrerillo, quebrada Potrerilla, tributary of río Coello, río Magdalena basin, 04°16’57.9”N 75°01’53.8”W, 13 Jan 2007, A. Ortega-Lara &amp; F. Villa-Navarro. <b>Paratypes: Colombia:</b> río Cauca basin: Departamento del Cauca: IMCN 168, 9, 62.6-88.4 mm SL, Municipio Suarez, río Cauca, km 21 in the road to Suárez, 03°25’N 76°40’W, 10 Sep 2002,A. Ortega- Lara. IMCN 2301, 7, 48.1-84.9 mm SL, Municipio Santander de Quilichao, río Quinamayó, road to La Balsa, 03°25’N 76°35’W, 26 Jun 2002, A. Ortega-Lara. IMCN 2439, 7, 37.5-75.6 mm SL, Municipio Santander de Quilichao, mouth of río Quinamayó in río Cauca, 03°25’N 76°38’W, 23 Jul 2002, A. Ortega-Lara. IMCN 3842, 10, 40.6-73.3 mm SL, Municipio Caloto, río Japio, at Hacienda Japio, road to Miranda, 03°01’N 76°24’W, 7 Oct 2004, A. Ortega- Lara. IMCN 3914, 8, 47.5-89.3 mm SL (1 CS, 82.5 mm SL), Municipio Guachené, río Palo, at the bridge of Guachené, 03°07’N 76°22’W, 17 Jun 2002, A. Ortega-Lara. Departamento del Valle del Cauca: CZUT-IC 1158, 2, 51.3-55.3 mm SL, río Cauca, 25 Jun 2002, A. Ortega-Lara. IMCN 1164, 2, 23.0- 79.5 mm SL, Municipio Cartago, río La Vieja, feeder of irrigation district, 04°45’39.4”N 75°53’63.2”W, 990 m asl, 18 Jul 2002, S. Usma, L. Meza, B. Arias, W. Arias &amp; C. Araque. IMCN 1166, l, 37.2 mm SL, same locality and collectors as IMCN 1164, 24 Jun 2002. IMCN 1179, 5, 48.8- 92.6 mm SL, MBUCV-V-30943, 2, 71.3-89.1 mm SL (1 CS, 89.1 mm SL), MBUCV-V-35640, 88.7 mm SL, same locality and collectors as IMCN 1164, 21 Aug 2002. IMCN 1176, 7, 53.9-86.8 mm SL (2 CS, 53.9-85.8 mm SL), MBUCV-V-33734, 3, 61.1-73.7 mm SL (1 CS, 61.1 mm SL), Municipio Cartago, río La Vieja, sector Piedras de Moler, road to Alcalá, 04°42’32.6”N 75°51’36”W, 1100 m asl, 18 Jul 2002, same collectors as IMCN 1164. IMCN 1178, 3, 48.5 -75.0 mm SL, same locality as IMCN 1176, 24 Jun 2002, S. Usma, L. Meza, B. Arias, W. Arias &amp; C. Araque. IMCN 1180, 1, 72.8 mm SL, Municipio Cartago, río La Vieja, at the airport, 4°47’18.9”N 75°55’71.0”W, 980 m asl, 18 Jul 2002, same collectors as IMCN 1164. IMCN 3277, 1 CS, 76.3 mm SL, Municipio Jamundí, río Cauca, sector El Hormiguero, 02°42’25”N 76°41’37”W, Mar 2003, A. Ortega-Lara. IMCN 3278, 1 CS, 64.5 mm SL, Municipio Ansermanuevo, río Chanco, sector Hacienda Arauca, 04°47’50”N 75°59’42”W, 920 m asl, 18 Mar 2002, A. Ortega-Lara. Departamento del Quindío: IMCN 1170, 3, 67.5-83.2 mm SL (1 CS, 67.5 mm SL), Municipio Armenia, río Quindío, Tarapacá, 04°23’74”N 75°45’94.9”W, 1130 m asl, 22 Aug 2002, S. Usma, L. Meza, B. Arias W. Arias &amp; C. Araque. Departamento de Risaralda: IAvH-P 7160, 4, 55.0- 70.7 mm SL, IMCN 3373, 8, 33.3-85.6 mm SL, Municipio La Virginia, río Risaralda, downstream of mouth of río Mapa, 04°55’N 75°51’W, 24 Feb 2005, A. Ortega-Lara. Río Magdalena basin: Departamento del Tolima: CZUT-IC 91, 1, 84.9 mm SL, Municipio Coello, vereda Potrerillo, quebrada Potrerilla, tributary of río Coello, 04º16’57.9”N 75º01’53.8”W, 21 Mar 2003, A. Ortega-Lara, L. García-Melo, P. Zúñiga-Upegui, N. Briñez- Vasquez &amp; F. Villa-Navarro. CZUT-IC 214, 4, 63.3-88.9 mm SL, same locality and collectors as CZUT-IC 91, 2 May 2003. CZUT- IC 98, 15, 60.9-100.8 mm SL (1 CS, 60.9 mm SL), Municipio Coello, quebrada Gualanday, 04°18’17.5”N 75°02’01”W, 9 May 2003, A. Ortega-Lara, L. García-Melo, P. Zúñiga-Upegui, N. Briñez- Vasquez &amp; F. Villa-Navarro. CZUT-IC 184, 10, 70.8-90.5 mm SL, Municipio Coello, río Coello, 50 m downriver from feeder of irrigation district USOCOELLO, Inspección de Gualanday, 04°16’50.3”N 75°01’50.7”W, 28 Mar 2003, A. Ortega-Lara, L. García-Melo, P. Zúñiga-Upegui, N. Briñez-Vasquez &amp; F. Villa- Navarro. CZUT-IC 637, 3, 65.7-89.2 mm SL, same locality and collectors as CZUT-IC 184, 20 Sep 2003. CZUT-IC 792, 4, 65.9- 96.3 mm SL, same locality and collectors as CZUT-IC 184, 27 Jul 2003. CZUT-IC 229, 3, 82.8-92.7 mm SL, same locality as CZUT- IC 184, 2 May 2003, A. Ortega-Lara, L. García-Melo, P. Zúñiga- Upegui, N. Briñez-Vasquez &amp; F. Villa-Navarro. CZUT-IC 874, 30, 57.0- 85.7 mm SL, río Tetuán, 03°45’N 75°20’W, 5 Oct 2003, A. Ortega-Lara, L. García-Melo, P. Zúñiga-Upegui, N. Briñez-Vasquez &amp; F. Villa-Navarro. CZUT-IC 892, 8, 20.9-90.8 mm SL, same locality as CZUT-IC 874, 6 Jun 2003, A. Ortega-Lara, L. García-Melo, P. Zúñiga-Upegui, N. Briñez-Vasquez &amp; F. Villa-Navarro. CZUT-IC 1053, 1, 70.8 mm SL, río Anchique, 03º34’34.8”N 75º07’13”W, 21 Mar 2004, A. Ortega-Lara, L. García-Melo, P. Zúñiga-Upegui, N. Briñez-Vasquez &amp; F. Villa-Navarro. CZUT-IC 1155, 5, 28.8-51.3 mm SL, quebrada Silletero, tributary of río Cauca, 10 Feb 2004, A. Ortega-Lara. CZUT-IC 1158, 2, 50.6 -56.0 mm SL, río Cauca, 21 Jun 2002, A. Ortega-Lara. CZUT-IC 1345, 11, 31.5-44.2 mm SL, mouth of río Amoya, 03º40’23.7”N 75º23’24.5”W, 8 Feb 2005, L. García-Melo, N. Briñez-Vasquez, D. Castro-Roa, M. Herrada-Yara &amp; F. Villa-Navarro. CZUT-IC 1379, 2, 53.3-57.2 mm SL, Municipio Chaparral, cuevas de Tuluni, vereda Tuluni, 03º38’52.2”N 75º27’24.5”W, 9 Jan 2005, L. García-Melo, N. Briñez-Vasquez, D. Castro-Roa, M. Herrada-Yara &amp; F. Villa-Navarro. CZUT-IC 1419, 2, 41.2-49.5 mm SL, CZUT-IC 1431, 10, 45.8-76.5 mm SL, Municipio Chaparral, quebrada Tuluni, vereda Tuluni, 03º39’08.9”N 75º29’05”W, 10 Feb 2005, L. García-Melo, N. Briñez-Vasquez, D. Castro-Roa, M. Herrada-Yara &amp; F. Villa-Navarro. IMCN 3847, 7, 25.1-96.4 mm SL, MBUCV-V-33736, 4, 60.3-89.7 mm SL (1 CS, 60.3 mm SL), collected with the holotype. <b>Non-type material.</b> <b>Colombia</b>: <b>río Patía basin:</b> Departamento del Cauca: FMNH 58131, 2, 61.2-68.9 mm SL, río Telembí, downstream from Barbacoas, lower basin tributary of río Patía. <b>Río Cauca basin:</b> Departamento del Valle del Cauca: FMNH 58129, 3, 67.2-78.7 mm SL, río Cauca at Cali. FMNH 58132, 8, 32.3-40.8 mm SL, Cali, 1010 m asl. IMCN 2475, 1, 35.2 mm SL, Municipio Cartago, río La Vieja, sector Piedras de Moler, road to Alcalá, 04°42’32.6”N 75°51’36”W, 1100 m asl. IMCN 2635, 4, 61.2-69.6 mm SL, MunicipioAnsermanuevo, río Cañaveral, to Ansermanuevo, La Virginia. MCZ 35873, 2, 30.6-36.8 mm SL, upper río Cauca. Departamento del Quindío: IMCN 2394, 2, 38.3-59.8 mm SL, Municipio Armenia, río Quindío, Tarapacá, 04°23’74”N 45°45’94.9”W, 1130 m asl. <b>Diagnosis.</b> This species is distinguished from congeneric trans-Andean species by having the first ray of dorsal fin longest and slightly projected or not beyond dorsal-fin margin, length of first dorsal-fin ray: 19.1-23.2% in SL (<i>vs</i>. slightly shorter than second ray in <i>I. lineatus</i>, 14.0-17.6%; <i>I. spurrellii</i>, 16.0-17.6%; and <i>I. timana</i>, 16.3-21.0%; or extended as a conspicuous and long filament beyond fin margin in <i>I. nemacheir</i>, 29.2-33.1%); and by the intermediate long upper caudal-fin lobe (24.4-39.2% in SL <i>vs</i>. 22.7-26.0% in <i>I. lineatus</i>; 38.2-52.1% in <i>I. nemacheir</i>; 22.8-26.5% in <i>I. spurrellii</i>; 21.9- 28.0% in <i>I. timana</i>). <i>Imparfinis usmai</i> differs from all trans- Andean species, except <i>I. nemacheir</i>, by having a longer maxillary barbel (40.3-63.8% in SL <i>vs</i>. 24.0-32.6% in <i>I. lineatus</i>; 32.1-35.2% in <i>I spurrellii;</i> 32.3-45.0% in <i>I. timana</i>), and by the number of vertebrae (39-40 <i>vs</i>. 42 in <i>I. lineatus</i>; 45 in <i>I. spurrellii</i>; 42-43 in <i>I. timana</i>). Specimens of <i>Imparfinis usmai</i> exceeding 30 mm SL, are readily distinguished from all trans- Andean species, except <i>I. timana</i>, by having an upper caudalfin lobe pointed and longer than lower lobe, and a lower lobe rounded, with both branches of lowermost branched ray approximately equal in length (<i>vs</i>. both lobes rounded and approximately symmetrical in <i>I. lineatus</i> and <i>I. spurrellii</i>; both lobes pointed, with lower branch of lowermost branched ray longer than upper branch, and extended as a filament in <i>I. nemacheir</i>). <i>Imparfinis usmai</i> can be recognized from <i>I. lineatus</i> and <i>I. nemacheir</i> by the longer adipose-fin (21.1- 27.0% in SL <i>vs</i>. 17.2-18.6% in <i>I. lineatus</i>; 19.0-21.8% in <i>I. nemacheir</i>). <i>Imparfinis usmai</i> is further distinguished from <i>I. lineatus</i> and <i>I. timana</i> by its shorter caudal peduncle depth (5.6-7.8% in SL <i>vs</i>. 8.1-8.4% in <i>I. lineatus</i>; 7.1-8.7% in <i>I. timana</i>). <i>Imparfinis usmai</i> is further recognized from <i>I. spurrellii</i> and <i>I. timana</i> by having 7-8 gill rakers on the first ceratobranchial (<i>vs</i>. 10-11 in <i>I. spurrellii</i>; 5-6 in <i>I</i>. <i>timana</i>). <i>Imparfinis usmai</i> can also be distinguished from <i>I. spurrellii</i> by its greater interorbital width (27.8-36.3% in HL <i>vs</i>. 23.6-24.3% in <i>I</i>. <i>spurrellii</i>). Specimens of <i>Imparfinis usmai</i> exceeding 30 mm SL differs from all cis-Andean congeners, except <i>I. microps</i>, <i>I. mirini</i>, <i>I. mishky</i>, and <i>I. piperatus</i>, by having a forked caudal fin, with upper lobe longer and pointed, and lower lobe rounded (<i>vs.</i> both caudal-fin lobes pointed). <i>Imparfinis usmai</i> is further distinguished from <i>I. borodini</i> and <i>I. hollandi</i> by having longer maxillary barbels (surpassing pelvic-fin base <i>vs</i>. not exceeding pectoral-fin distal margin), fewer vertebrae (39-40 <i>vs</i>. 49-54), insertion of first dorsal-fin pterygiophore posterior to neural spine of vertebra 7 (<i>vs</i>. vertebra 12-13), pelvic-fin origin at or slightly posterior to mid-distance of dorsal-fin base (<i>vs</i>. at vertical or slightly displaced from dorsalfin origin), fewer total anal-fin rays (12-13 <i>vs</i>. 14-15), insertion of first anal-fin pterygiophore posterior to hemal spine of vertebra 23 (<i>vs</i>. vertebra 29-31), caudal fin deeply forked (<i>vs</i>. caudal fin obliquely truncated with upper end prolonged), and more branched caudal-fin rays (7+8 <i>vs</i>. 6+5-6); additionally <i>I. usmai</i> is distinguished from <i>I. borodini</i> by having a shorter adipose fin (3.70-4.74 times in SL <i>vs</i>. 2.67 times); and from <i>I. hollandi</i> by having fewer pleural ribs (8-9 <i>vs</i>. 11), and adipose fin free from caudal fin (<i>vs</i>. continuous). <i>Imparfinis usmai</i> is recognized from <i>I. pseudonemacheir</i> and <i>I. stictonotus</i> by having shorter maxillary barbels (not reaching adipose-fin origin <i>vs</i>. extending to first half of adipose-fin base or beyond), more vertebrae (39-40 <i>vs</i>. 34-38), and sides of body without distinct markings (<i>vs</i>. four irregular dark patches); additionally <i>I. usmai</i> is distinguished from <i>I. pseudonemacheir</i> by having a larger size (maximum SL: 100.8 mm <i>vs</i>. 48.1 mm), fewer gill rakers on first gill arch (8-10 <i>vs</i>. 11-14), distal margin of adpressed anal fin anterior to adipose-fin posterior end (<i>vs</i>. posterior), upper caudal-fin lobe longer than lower lobe (<i>vs</i>. both caudal-fin lobes equal in length); and from <i>I. stictonotus</i> by having more branched anal-fin rays (7-8 <i>vs</i>. 6), both caudalfin lobes similarly pigmented (<i>vs.</i> lower lobe darker than upper lobe). <i>Imparfinis usmai</i> can be differentiated from remaining cis-Andean congeners as follows: from <i>I. cochabambae</i> by having fewer gill rakers on first gill arch (8-10 <i>vs</i>. 15), and fewer vertebrae (39-40 <i>vs</i>. 41); from <i>I. guttatus</i> by having fewer gill rakers on first gill arch (8-10 <i>vs</i>. 14), longer adipose fin (3.70-4.74 times <i>vs</i>. <i>ca.</i> 5.65 times, obtained from holotype picture), and both caudal-fin lobes similarly pigmented (<i>vs</i>. lower caudal-fin lobe darker); from <i>I. hasemani</i> by having longer maxillary barbels (surpassing pelvic-fin base <i>vs</i>. not exceeding pectoral-fin distal margin), and fewer pleural ribs (8-9 <i>vs</i>. 10); from <i>I. longicauda</i> by having a longer head (4.08- 5.15 times in SL <i>vs</i>. 6 times or more), and insertion of first dorsal-fin pterygiophore posterior to neural spine of vertebra 7 (<i>vs</i>. vertebra 8); from <i>I. microps</i> by having longer maxillary barbels (surpassing pelvic-fin base <i>vs</i>. not extending beyond posterior margin of branchiostegal membrane), fewer branchiostegal rays (6-7 <i>vs</i>. 9), more gill rakers on first gill arch (8-10 <i>vs</i>. 4-5), fewer vertebrae (39-40 <i>vs</i>. 46-47), more branched pectoral-fin rays (9 <i>vs</i>. 7), more posterior pelvic-fin origin (at or slightly posterior to mid-distance of dorsal-fin base <i>vs</i>. anterior to dorsal-fin origin), insertion of first dorsalfin pterygiophore posterior to neural spine of vertebra 7 (<i>vs</i>. vertebra 15), fewer branched anal-fin rays (7-8 <i>vs</i>. 9), anal-fin origin posterior to adipose-fin origin (<i>vs</i>. anterior), insertion of first anal-fin pterygiophore posterior to hemal spine of vertebra 23 (<i>vs</i>. vertebra 26), and more branched caudal-fin rays (7+8 <i>vs</i>. 6+6); from <i>I. minutus</i> by having longer maxillary barbels (surpassing pelvic-fin base <i>vs</i>. not exceeding distal tip of adpressed pectoral fin), fewer vertebrae (39-40 <i>vs</i>. 41), and insertion of first dorsal-fin pterygiophore posterior to neural spine of vertebra 7 (<i>vs</i>. vertebra 8-9); from <i>I. mirini</i> by having longer maxillary barbels (surpassing pelvic-fin base <i>vs</i>. scarcely beyond distal tip of adpressed pectoral fin), adipose-fin posterior end extending more posteriorly than distal margin of adpressed anal fin (<i>vs</i>. approximately at same level), and upper caudal-fin lobe longer than lower lobe (<i>vs</i>. both caudal-fin lobes equal in length); from <i>I. mishky</i> by having fewer branched rays on lower lobe of caudal fin (8 <i>vs</i>. 9), shorter anal-fin base (10.8-14.5% in SL <i>vs</i>. 13.1-16.3%), longer caudal peduncle (19.8-25.3% in SL <i>vs</i>. 17.7-20.1%), and greater interorbital width (27.8-36.3% in SL <i>vs</i>. 18.5-23.1%); from <i>I. peruanus</i> by having a shorter predorsal distance (2.75-3.37 times in SL <i>vs</i>. 2.6 times), insertion of first dorsal-fin pterygiophore posterior to neural spine of vertebra 7 (<i>vs</i>. vertebra 9), and insertion of first anal-fin pterygiophore posterior to hemal spine of vertebra 23 (<i>vs</i>. vertebra 25); from <i>I. pijpersi</i> by having longer maxillary barbels (surpassing pelvic-fin base <i>vs</i>. not exceeding distal tip of adpressed pectoral fin), longer caudal peduncle (19.8-25.3% in SL <i>vs</i>. 16.1%), shorter caudal peduncle depth (5.6-7.8% in SL <i>vs</i>. 11.0%), and longer adipose fin (21.1-27.0% in SL <i>vs</i>. 13.1%); from <i>I. piperatus</i> by having longer maxillary barbels (surpassing pelvic-fin base <i>vs</i>. reaching distal tip of adpressed pectoral fin), more vertebrae (39-40 <i>vs</i>. 37), and insertion of first anal-fin pterygiophore posterior to hemal spine of vertebra 23 (<i>vs</i>. vertebra 20); from <i>I. pristos</i> by having a larger size (maximum SL: 100.8 mm <i>vs</i>. 38.0 mm, value from Bockmann &amp; Guazelli, 2003), shorter head (4.08-5.15 times in SL <i>vs</i>. 3.4- 3.7), longer maxillary barbels (surpassing pelvic-fin base <i>vs</i>. not exceeding distal tip of adpressed pectoral fin), more gill rakers on first gill arch (8-10 <i>vs</i>. 4-6), more vertebrae (39-40 <i>vs</i>. 33-35), more pleural ribs (8-9 <i>vs</i>. 6), insertion of first dorsal-fin pterygiophore posterior to neural spine of vertebra 7 (<i>vs</i>. vertebra 6), longer adipose fin (3.70-4.74 times in SL <i>vs</i>. 5.0- 5.6 times), more branched anal-fin rays (7-8 <i>vs</i>. 5-6), insertion of first anal-fin pterygiophore posterior to hemal spine of vertebra 23 (<i>vs</i>. vertebra 17-18), upper caudal-fin lobe longer than lower lobe (<i>vs</i>. both caudal-fin lobes equal in length), and more branched rays on caudal fin (7+8 <i>vs</i>. 6+7); and from <i>I. schubarti</i> by having longer maxillary barbels (surpassing pelvic-fin base <i>vs</i>. reaching or scarcely beyond distal tip of adpressed pectoral fin), fewer gill rakers on first gill arch (8-10 <i>vs</i>. 11-16), longer adipose fin base (21.1-27.0% in SL <i>vs</i>. 18.7- 22.6%), and shorter preanal length (63.1-71.4% in SL <i>vs</i>. 71.0- 74.7%). <b>Description.</b> Morphometric data given in Table 1. Small heptapterid catfish (largest specimen 100.8 mm SL), with elongated body, triangular in cross-section at dorsal-fin origin, progressively more laterally compressed to tail region. Dorsal profile slightly convex from snout tip to dorsal-fin origin, slightly concave just posterior to dorsal-fin base to adiposefin origin, straight and descending along adipose-fin base, then ascending along caudal peduncle. Ventral profile of head straight, slightly convex along abdomen, then straight to analfin origin and slightly descending along caudal peduncle. Head conical and depressed, dorsally covered by thin skin. Snout short and broadly rounded. Mouth subterminal. Premaxillary teeth conical and pointed arranged in rectangular band with 4-5 irregular rows. Dentary with 4-5 irregular rows of teeth. Barbels dorsoventrally flattened. Maxillary barbels surpassing pelvic-fin base. Anterior portion of maxillary barbel in shallow groove, extending below eye. Bases of outer and inner mental barbels aligned. Outer mental barbels surpass pectoral-fin base. Inner mental barbels reach pectoral-fin origin. Eye dorsolateral in position. Orbital margin not free, but delimited by shallow groove, more conspicuous along dorsal rim. Anterior naris tubular. Posterior naris triangular, slightly closer to anterior ocular margin than to anterior naris, bordered by low fleshy margin, restricted to anterolateral rim. Nares disposed in trapezoidal arrangement. Anterior internarial width slightly shorter (mean % in HL 17.5) than posterior internarial width (mean % in HL 21.6). Branchiostegal membrane free, supported by 6-7 rays and joined to isthmus only at anteriormost point. Gill rakers on first gill arch 8-10, 7-8 arranged on anterior margin of ceratobranchial, one on cartilage between ceratobranchial and epibranchial and 0-1 on epibranchial. Lateral line canal complete, extending to basal portion of interradial membrane of middle caudal-fin rays. Supraorbital pore S1 medially adjacent to anterior naris. S2+I2 between anterior and posterior nares, slightly closer to posterior naris, at end of posteriorly directed membranous tubule originating from commissure connecting supraorbital and infraorbital canals, closer to supraorbital canal. S3 jus
description: Published as part of <i>Ortega-Lara, Armando, Milani, Nadia, DoNascimiento, Carlos, Villa-Navarro, Francisco &amp; Maldonado-Ocampo, Javier Alejandro, 2011, Two new trans-Andean species of Imparfinis Eigenmann &amp; Norris, 1900 (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from Colombia, pp. 777-793 in Neotropical Ichthyology 9 (4)</i> on pages 782-789, DOI: 10.1590/S1679-62252011000400009, http://zenodo.org/record/5070744
description: {"references": ["Eigenmann, C. H. 1922. The fishes of western South America, Part I. - The fresh-water fishes of northwestern South America, including Colombia, Panama, and the Pacific slopes of Ecuador and Peru, together with an appendix upon the fishes of the Rio Meta in Colombia. Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum, 9: 1 - 346.", "Ortega-Lara, A., O. E. Murillo Garcia, M. C. Pimienta Idrobo &amp; J. E. Sterling. 2000. Peces de la cuenca del rio Cauca: riqueza ictiologica del Valle del Cauca. Corporacion Autonoma Regional del Valle del Cauca-CVC, Santiago de Cali, Colombia, 65 p.", "Maldonado-Ocampo, J. A., A. Ortega-Lara, J. S. Usma Oviedo, G. Galvis Vergara, F. A. Villa-Navarro, L. Vasquez Gamboa, S. Prada- Pedreros &amp; C. A. Rodriguez. 2005. Peces de los Andes de Colombia: guia de campo. Instituto de Investigacion de Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogota, Colombia. 346 p.", "Galvis, G., J. I. Mojica &amp; M. Camargo. 1997. Peces del Catatumbo. Asociacion Cravo Norte, Santafe de Bogota, Colombia. 118 p."]}