cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Soziale Gerechtigkeit ist die Voraussetzung für das Vertrauen in die Demokratie: Interview
Creators: name: Liebig, Stefan
name: Wittenberg, Erich
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2022

description: DIW Wochenbericht, 89 (2022), 7, S. 107
Bayesian Fit of Exclusive $b \to s \bar\ell\ell$ Decays: The Standard Model Operator Basis
Creators: name: Beaujean, Frederik
name: Bobeth, Christoph
name: van Dyk, Danny
name: Wacker, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a model-independent fit of the short-distance couplings $C_{7,9,10}$ within the Standard Model set of $b\to sγ$ and $b\to s\bar\ell\ell$ operators. Our analysis of $B \to K^* γ$, $B \to K^{(*)} \bar\ell\ell$ and $B_s \to \barμμ$ decays is the first to harness the full power of the Bayesian approach: all major sources of theory uncertainty explicitly enter as nuisance parameters. Exploiting the latest measurements, the fit reveals a flipped-sign solution in addition to a Standard-Model-like solution for the couplings $C_i$. Each solution contains about half of the posterior probability, and both have nearly equal goodness of fit. The Standard Model prediction is close to the best-fit point. No New Physics contributions are necessary to describe the current data. Benefitting from the improved posterior knowledge of the nuisance parameters, we predict ranges for currently unmeasured, optimized observables in the angular distributions of $B\to K^*(\to Kπ)\,\bar\ell\ell$.
description: 42 pages, 8 figures; v2: Using new lattice input for f_Bs, considering Bs-mixing effects in BR[B_s->ll]. Main results and conclusion unchanged, matches journal version
Helicity and Angular Momentum. A Symmetry based framework for the study of Light-Matter Interactions
Creators: name: Fernandez-Corbaton, Ivan
name: Zambrana-Puyalto, Xavier
name: Molina-Terriza, Gabriel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new theoretical and practical framework for the study of light-matter interactions and the angular momentum of light. Our proposal is based on helicity, total angular momentum, and the use of symmetries. We compare the new framework to the current treatment, which is based on separately considering spin angular momentum and orbital angular momentum and using the transfer between the two in physical explanations. In our proposal, the fundamental problem of spin and orbital angular momentum separability is avoided, predictions are made based on the symmetries of the systems, and the practical application of the concepts is straightforward. Finally, the framework is used to show that the concept of spin to orbit transfer applied to focusing and scattering is masking two completely different physical phenomena related to the breaking of different fundamental symmetries: transverse translational symmetry in focusing and electromagnetic duality symmetry in scattering.
description: 34 pages, 4 figures, http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevA.86.042103. v4: corrected typo (loose bracket) in formulas 15 and B13, which are actually the same formulas. Replaced Fig 3a and 3b to correct wrong labels of the horizontal axis
title: Knapp ein Drittel der EuropäerInnen zweifelt an Chancengerechtigkeit auf dem Arbeitsmarkt
Creators: name: Bohmann, Sandra
name: Liebig, Stefan
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: J71 Labor Discrimination
subject: D63 Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
subject: Equality of Opportunity
subject: Job Market
subject: Europe

description: Chancengerechtigkeit ist ein zentraler Bestandteil unserer Erwartungen an eine demokratische Gesellschaft. Dies gilt auch für den Arbeitsmarkt: Dieser Wochenbericht untersucht anhand von Befragungsdaten des European Social Survey 2018 (ESS), wie die europäischen Bürgerinnen und Bürger ihre Chancen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt ihrer Heimatländer einschätzen und welche Faktoren auf gesellschaftlicher und individueller Ebene dabei eine Rolle spielen. Etwa ein Drittel der Befragten ist skeptisch, was die allgemeine Chancengerechtigkeit auf dem Arbeitsmarkt in ihrem Land betrifft. Die eigenen Chancen schätzt immerhin die Hälfte der Befragten als gerecht ein. Sowohl die allgemeinen als auch die eigenen Chancen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt werden im Norden Europas etwas positiver bewertet als im Süden. Ohnehin benachteiligte Gruppen beurteilen auch ihre Arbeitsmarktchancen weniger positiv. Insgesamt zeigt sich ein klarer Zusammenhang zwischen der wahrgenommenen Changengerechtigkeit und der Zufriedenheit mit der Demokratie im eigenen Land.
description: DIW Wochenbericht, 89 (2022), 7, S. 97-106
Hierarchical N-body simulations with auto-tuning for heterogeneous systems
Creators: name: Yokota, Rio
name: Barba, Lorena A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Mathematical Software (cs.MS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.1.2; D.1.3; G.1.0; G.1.2
subject: 70F10

description: With the current hybridization of treecodes and FMMs, combined with auto-tuning capabilities on heterogeneous architectures, the flexibility of fast N-body methods has been greatly enhanced. These features are a requirement to developing a black-box software library for fast N-body algorithms on heterogeneous systems, which is our immediate goal.
A parameter-free model discrimination criterion based on steady-state coplanarity
Creators: name: Harrington, Heather A.
name: Ho, Kenneth L.
name: Thorne, Thomas
name: Stumpf, Michael P. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We describe a novel procedure for deciding when a mass-action model is incompatible with observed steady-state data that does not require any parameter estimation. Thus, we avoid the difficulties of nonlinear optimization typically associated with methods based on parameter fitting. The key idea is to use the model equations to construct a transformation of the original variables such that any set of steady states of the model under that transformation lies on a common plane, irrespective of the values of the model parameters. Model rejection can then be performed by assessing the degree to which the transformed data deviate from coplanarity. We demonstrate our method by applying it to models of multisite phosphorylation and cell death signaling. Although somewhat limited at present, our work provides an important first step towards a parameter-free framework for data-driven model selection.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures. In press, PNAS
title: Gerhard Wolter Molanus
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Gerhard Wolter Molanus as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
Quantum Feedback Networks and Control: A Brief Survey
Creators: name: Zhang, Guofeng
name: James, Matthew R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief review of some recent developments in quantum feedback networks and control. A quantum feedback network (QFN) is an interconnected system consisting of open quantum systems linked by free fields and/or direct physical couplings. Basic network constructs, including series connections as well as feedback loops, are discussed. The quantum feedback network theory provides a natural framework for analysis and design. Basic properties such as dissipation, stability, passivity and gain of open quantum systems are discussed. Control system design is also discussed, primarily in the context of open linear quantum stochastic systems. The issue of physical realizability is discussed, and explicit criteria for stability, positive real lemma, and bounded real lemma are presented. Finally for linear quantum systems, coherent $H^\infty$ and LQG control are described.
description: 29 pages, 11 figures. A new reference has been added
Thermodynamic Casimir effect: Universality and Corrections to Scaling
Creators: name: Hasenbusch, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the thermodynamic Casimir force for films in the three-dimensional Ising universality class with symmetry breaking boundary conditions. We focus on the effect of corrections to scaling and probe numerically the universality of our results. In particular we check our hypothesis that corrections are well described by an effective thickness L_{0,eff}=L_0+c (L_0+L_s)^{1-ω} +L_s, where c and L_s are system specific parameters and ω\approx 0.8 is the exponent of the leading bulk correction. We simulate the improved Blume-Capel model and the Ising model on the simple cubic lattice. First we analyse the behaviour of various quantities at the critical point. Taking into account corrections \propto L_0^{-ω} in the case of the Ising model, we find good consistency of results obtained from these two different models. In particular we get from the analysis of our data for the Ising model for the difference of Casimir amplitudes Δ_{+-}-Δ_{++}=3.200(5), which nicely compares with Δ_{+-}-Δ_{++}=3.208(5) obtained by studying the improved Blume-Capel model. Next we study the behaviour of the thermodynamic Casimir force for large values of the scaling variable x=t [L_0/ξ_0]. This behaviour can be obtained up to an overall amplitude by expressing the partition function of the film in terms of eigenvalues and eigenstates of the transfermatrix and boundary states. Here we show how this overall amplitude can be computed with high accuracy. Finally we discuss our results for the scaling functions θ_{+-} and θ_{++} of the thermodynamic Casimir force for the whole range of the scaling variable. We conclude that our numerical results are in accordance with universality. Corrections to scaling are well approximated by an effective thickness.
description: 35 pages, 5 figures, various typos corrected
title: Hieronymus Hartwig Moller
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Hieronymus Hartwig Moller as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
title: Frauen sind für Diskriminierung sensibler geworden
Creators: name: Bohmann, Sandra
name: Targa, Matteo
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: J71 Labor Discrimination
subject: perceived discrimination
subject: multidimensional discrimination
subject: Europe

description: Seit langem versuchen Politik und Zivilgesellschaft auf allen Ebenen Diskriminierung zu bekämpfen. Die ergriffenen Maßnahmen können aber nur dann erfolgreich sein, wenn Menschen sensibel für die Benachteiligung von Gruppen oder Einzelpersonen sind. Deshalb ist es wichtig zu messen, inwieweit die Bevölkerung für Diskriminierung sensibilisiert ist. In diesem Wochenbericht wird für 17 europäische Länder für die Jahre 2008 bis 2018 untersucht, wie viele Menschen sich als Angehörige einer diskriminierten Gruppe empfinden und warum. Insgesamt fühlt sich nicht einmal jeder und jede zehnte Befragte einer diskriminierten Gruppe zugehörig. Allerdings ist der Anteil derer, die die eigene Gruppe von Diskriminierung bedroht sehen, in den untersuchten zehn Jahren um ein Viertel gestiegen. Vor allem Frauen sind sensibler für Diskriminierung geworden. Außerdem fühlen sich immer mehr Menschen aus verschiedenen Gründen gleichzeitig von Diskriminierung bedroht. Andere Datenquellen zeigen, dass Diskriminierung in der breiten Bevölkerung eher als rückläufig wahrgenommen wird. Gerade deshalb ist die Perspektive der Betroffenen wichtig.
description: DIW Wochenbericht, 89 (2022), 7, S. 89-96
Non-adiabatic Fast Control of Mixed States based on Lewis-Riesenfeld Invariant
Creators: name: Fasihi, Mohammad-Ali
name: Wan, Yidun
name: Nakahara, Mikio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply the inversely-engineered control method based on Lewis-Riesenfeld invariants to control mixed states of a two-level quantum system. We show that the inversely-engineered control passages of mixed states - and pure states as special cases - can be made significantly faster than the conventional adiabatic control passages, which renders the method applicable to quantum computation. We devise a new type of inversely-engineered control passages, to be coined the antedated control passages, which further speed up the control significantly. We also demonstrate that by carefully tuning the control parameters, the inversely-engineered control passages can be optimized in terms of speed and energy cost.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures, version to appear in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn
On weak redshift dependence of gamma-ray spectra of distant blazars
Creators: name: Essey, Warren
name: Kusenko, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Line-of-sight interactions of cosmic rays provide a natural explanation of the hard gamma-ray spectra of distant blazars, which are believed to be capable of producing both gamma rays and cosmic rays. For sources with redshifts z> 0.1, secondary gamma rays produced in cosmic-ray interactions with background photons close to an observer can dominate over primary gamma rays originating at the source. The transition from one component to another is accompanied by a change in the spectral index depending on the source redshift. We present theoretical predictions and show that they agree with the data from Fermi Large Area Telescope. This agreement, combined with the spectral data from Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes, provides evidence of cosmic ray acceleration by active galactic nuclei and opens new opportunities for studying photon backgrounds and intergalactic magnetic fields.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures; final version
title: Applicable Mitigation Strategies and Technology Propositions: Preventing Scamming in Marginalized Populations
Creators: name: Sandhofer-Adams, Grace Nicole
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: This essay serves as a proposal for new technology and mitigation against the scamming of marginalized individuals (i.e., those over the age of 65). Research supports this outline, giving background to the types of scams, and prevention strategies currently seen in the cybersecurity landscape. It is evident that the methods we currently use to combat scamming attacks are not effective, therefore, I propose a new solution. This proposed telecommunications strategy is necessary to prevent scamming of all internet users, no matter the device. This telecommunication strategy would use artificial intelligence and machine learning to constantly improve its detection over time, nullifying the scamming issue that plagues senior citizens.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Telecommunication Leverage, Senior Adults, Educational Mitigation, Technological Mitigation, Scam-Prevention, Scamming
title: EuropäerInnen nehmen Defizite in der sozialen Gerechtigkeit wahr: Editorial
Creators: name: Liebig, Stefan
name: Adriaans, Jule
name: Bohmann, Sandra
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2022

description: DIW Wochenbericht, 89 (2022), 7, S. 87-88
Long-Term Trends in Railroad Service and Capacity for U.S. Agriculture
Creators: name: Prater, Marvin
name: Klindworth, Keith
name: Prater, Marvin
name: Klindworth, Keith
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Excerpt from the report: In this paper, the long-term trends in railroad services and capacity for U.S. agriculture are identified and described, particularly in terms of what these trends portend for agricultural shippers absent any change in the economically deregulated environment within which the U.S. rail industry has operated during the past 20 years. Before the trends are discussed, however, introductory material on how the U.S. railroad system has evolved over that time will be presented. After the long-term trends are presented, the paper concludes with a brief discussion of the likely long-term implications to U.S. agriculture of these long-term trends in railroad services and capacity.
description: Agricultural Transportation Challenges of the 21st Century
A Tale of Dwarfs and Giants: Using a z=1.62 Cluster to Understand How the Red Sequence Grew Over The Last 9.5 Billion Years
Creators: name: Rudnick, Gregory H.
name: Tran, Kim-Vy
name: Papovich, Casey
name: Momcheva, Ivelina
name: Willmer, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the red sequence in a cluster of galaxies at z=1.62 and follow its evolution over the intervening 9.5 Gyr to the present day. Using deep YJKs imaging with the HAWK-I instrument on the VLT we identify a tight red sequence and construct its rest-frame i-band luminosity function (LF). There is a marked deficit of faint red galaxies in the cluster that causes a turnover in the LF. We compare the red sequence LF to that for clusters at z<0.8 correcting the luminosities for passive evolution. The shape of the cluster red sequence LF does not evolve between z=1.62 and z=0.6 but at z<0.6 the faint population builds up significantly. Meanwhile, between z=1.62 to 0.6 the inferred total light on the red sequence grows by a factor of about 2 and the bright end of the LF becomes more populated. We construct a simple model for red sequence evolution that grows the red sequence in total luminosity and matches the constant LF shape at z>0.6. In this model the cluster accretes blue galaxies from the field that are then quenched and subsequently allowed to merge. We find that 3--4 mergers among cluster galaxies during the 4 Gyr between z=1.62 and z=0.6 matches the observed luminosity function evolution between the two redshifts. The inferred merger rate is consistent with other studies of this cluster. Our result supports the picture that galaxy merging during the major growth phase of massive clusters is an important process in shaping the red sequence population at all luminosities.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal. With respect to previous version, the likely descendants of the z=1.62 cluster now have a more modest mass and the required luminosity growth on the red sequence is slightly lower. No major conclusions have changed
title: The efficacy and safety of CT-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy for renal cell carcinoma: a prospective study
Creators: name: Duc, Nguyen
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Outcomes
subject: Biopsy
subject: CT
subject: Kidney

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of CT-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy for renal cell carcinoma...
Inference for SDE models via Approximate Bayesian Computation
Creators: name: Picchini, Umberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Models defined by stochastic differential equations (SDEs) allow for the representation of random variability in dynamical systems. The relevance of this class of models is growing in many applied research areas and is already a standard tool to model e.g. financial, neuronal and population growth dynamics. However inference for multidimensional SDE models is still very challenging, both computationally and theoretically. Approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) allow to perform Bayesian inference for models which are sufficiently complex that the likelihood function is either analytically unavailable or computationally prohibitive to evaluate. A computationally efficient ABC-MCMC algorithm is proposed, halving the running time in our simulations. Focus is on the case where the SDE describes latent dynamics in state-space models; however the methodology is not limited to the state-space framework. Simulation studies for a pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics model and for stochastic chemical reactions are considered and a MATLAB package implementing our ABC-MCMC algorithm is provided.
description: Version accepted for publication in Journal of Computational & Graphical Statistics
Declaration of Covenants and Restrictions Town Hall Historic Structures: Exhibit B
Creators: name: Hefner, Robert
name: Hefner, Robert
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: Architectural & site components
Architectural drawings
Structural drawings
Structures
Buildings
Historic sites
Hedges Family
Parsons family

description: This is likely a rough draft of a historic structure report done by Robert Hefner of historic structures throughout the town of East Hampton, including: The Hedges House, Hand House, Parsons Barn, Bridghampton Barn, Baker Barn, Peach Farm, Peach Farm Wing, Lewis Thomas Shed, Coast Guard Patrol Station. Included are architectural drawings, photos and notes made by Robert Hefner.
Revisiting recommendations: from customers to manufacturers
Creators: name: Agarwal, Shailendra
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2014

description: Recommender systems exploit user feedback over items they have experienced for making recommendations of other items that are most likely to appeal to them. However, users and items are but two of the three types of entities participating in this ecosystem of recommender systems. The third type of entities are the manufacturers of the products, and users are really their customers. Traditional recommender systems research ignores the role of this third entity type and exclusively focuses on the other two. What might item producers bring to recommender systems research? Their objectives are related to their business and are captured by questions such as “what kind of (new) products should I manufacture that will maximize their popularity?” These questions are not asked in a vacuum: manufacturers have constraints, e.g., a budget. The idea is that the user feedback data (e.g., ratings) capture users’ preferences. The question is whether we can learn enough intelligence from it, so as to recommend new products to manufacturers that will help meet their business objectives. We propose the novel problem of new product recommendation for manufacturers. We collect real data by crawling popular e-commerce websites, and model cost and popularity as a function of product attributes and their values. We incorporate cost constraints into our problem formulation: the cost of the new products should fall within the desired range while maximizing the popularity. We show that the above problem is NP-hard and develop a pseudo-polynomial time algorithm for the recommendations generation. Finally, we conduct a comprehensive experimental analysis where we compare our algorithm with several natural heuristics on three real data sets and perform scalability experiments on a synthetic data set.
title: Differential computed tomography characteristics between retroperitoneal neuroblastoma and nephroblastoma: A retrospective study
Creators: name: Duc, Nguyen
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cancer
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: CT
subject: Paediatric

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: We aimed to investigate the differential computed tomography (CT) features between retroperitoneal neuroblastoma and...
Fermi acceleration in time-dependent rectangular billiards due to multiple passages through resonances
Creators: name: Itin, A. P.
name: Neishtadt, A. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a slowly rotating rectangular billiard with moving boundaries and use the canonical perturbation theory to describe the dynamics of a billiard particle. In the process of slow evolution certain resonance conditions can be satisfied. Correspondingly, phenomena of scattering on a resonance and capture into a resonance happen in the system. These phenomena lead to destruction of adiabatic invariance and to unlimited acceleration of the particle.
description: 20 pages. Presented on School-Conference "Mathematics and Physics of Billiard-Like Systems" (Ubatuba, 2011). Accepted to Chaos
title: Das europäische Energiesystem wird in Zukunft hauptsächlich auf Strom beruhen: Interview
Creators: name: Holz, Franziska
name: Wittenberg, Erich
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2022

description: DIW Wochenbericht, 89 (2022), 6, S. 83
Star Formation in the First Galaxies I: Collapse Delayed by Lyman-Werner Radiation
Creators: name: Safranek-Shrader, Chalence
name: Agarwal, Meghann
name: Federrath, Christoph
name: Dubey, Anshu
name: Milosavljevic, Milos
name: Bromm, Volker
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the process of metal-free star formation in the first galaxies with a high-resolution cosmological simulation. We consider the cosmologically motivated scenario in which a strong molecule-destroying Lyman-Werner (LW) background inhibits effective cooling in low-mass haloes, delaying star formation until the collapse or more massive haloes. Only when molecular hydrogen (H2) can self-shield from LW radiation, which requires a halo capable of cooling by atomic line emission, will star formation be possible. To follow the formation of multiple gravitationally bound objects, at high gas densities we introduce sink particles which accrete gas directly from the computational grid. We find that in a 1 Mpc^3 (comoving) box, runaway collapse first occurs in a 3x10^7 M_sun dark matter halo at z~12 assuming a background intensity of J21=100. Due to a runaway increase in the H2 abundance and cooling rate, a self-shielding, supersonically turbulent core develops abruptly with ~10^4 M_sun in cold gas available for star formation. We analyze the formation of this self-shielding core, the character of turbulence, and the prospects for star formation. Due to a lack of fragmentation on scales we resolve, we argue that LW-delayed metal-free star formation in atomic cooling haloes is very similar to star formation in primordial minihaloes, although in making this conclusion we ignore internal stellar feedback. Finally, we briefly discuss the detectability of metal-free stellar clusters with the James Webb Space Telescope.
description: 22 pages, 1 new figure, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Long-Term Structural Shifts in Grain, Oilseed, and Animal Industries in the United States
Creators: name: Hurt, Chris
name: Schrader, Lee
name: Hurt, Chris
name: Schrader, Lee
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Excerpts from the report: During the past 20 years, the changes in U.S. agriculture have been profound, yet more will occur over the next 20. Where is the industry headed? What will the food system look like? What are the implications for the transportation industry that serves agriculture? Is current transportation policy in harmony with the future? While the future cannot be accurately foretold, this paper will provide insights into the changes of the past 20 years and the factors that have driven them. It will identify how those drivers may evolve and extrapolate, with analysis and judgement, the important impacts projected to 2020. The goal of the project is to provide a 2020 baseline from which the transportation industry, policymakers, and other analysts can discuss key findings and implications.
description: Agricultural Transportation Challenges of the 21st Century
title: Zukunft des europäischen Energiesystems: Die Zeichen stehen auf Strom
Creators: name: Holz, Franziska
name: Roth, Alexander
name: Sogalla, Robin
name: Meissner, Frank
name: Zachmann, Georg
name: McWilliams, Ben
name: Kemfert, Claudia
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Q48 Energy: Government Policy
subject: Q47 Energy Forecasting
subject: Q42 Alternative Energy Sources
subject: energy
subject: decarbonisation
subject: EU
subject: scenarios
subject: fossil phase-out

description: Die Umstellung des europäischen Energiesystems auf einen geringeren Ausstoß von Treibhausgasen wird einen grundsätzlichen Wandel der Art und Weise erfordern, wie Energie bereitgestellt, transportiert und genutzt wird. Als hauptsächliche Energieträger kommen Strom, Wasserstoff und synthetisches Gas in Frage. Die kostengünstigste Option ist die weitgehende Elektrifizierung aller Wirtschaftssektoren. Unabhängig von der genauen Ausgestaltung des zukünftigen europäischen Energiesystems gibt es einige Politikmaßnahmen, die notwendig sind, um das Ziel der Klimaneutralität bis 2050 zu erreichen: Ein umfangreicher Ausbau der Erzeugungskapazitäten erneuerbarer Energien, das möglichst schnelle Ende der Nutzung der fossilen Energieträger Kohle und Erdgas, sowie eine stärkere Nutzung von Elektrizität als Energieträger. Die zukünftige Rolle von neuen Energieträgern wie Wasserstoff und synthetischem Gas ist jedoch noch unklar.
description: DIW Wochenbericht, 89 (2022), 6, S. 75-82
Dielectric losses in multi-layer Josephson junction qubits
Creators: name: Gunnarsson, David
name: Pirkkalainen, Juha-Matti
name: Li, Jian
name: Paraoanu, Gheorghe Sorin
name: Hakonen, Pertti
name: Sillanpää, Mika
name: Prunnila, Mika
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have measured the excited state lifetimes in Josephson junction phase and transmon qubits, all of which were fabricated with the same scalable multi-layer process. We have compared the lifetimes of phase qubits before and after removal of the isolating dielectric, SiNx, and find a four-fold improvement of the relaxation time after the removal. Together with the results from the transmon qubit and measurements on coplanar waveguide resonators, these measurements indicate that the lifetimes are limited by losses from the dielectric constituents of the qubits. We have extracted the individual loss contributions from the dielectrics in the tunnel junction barrier, AlOx, the isolating dielectric, SiNx, and the substrate, Si/SiO2, by weighing the total loss with the parts of electric field over the different dielectric materials. Our results agree well and complement the findings from other studies, demonstrating that superconducting qubits can be used as a reliable tool for high-frequency characterization of dielectric materials. We conclude with a discussion of how changes in design and material choice could improve qubit lifetimes up to a factor of four.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures,and 4 tables
title: The effect of ARFI and APRI on the diagnosis of liver fibrosis in patients with common chronic liver diseases
Creators: name: Duc, Nguyen
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Tissue characterisation
subject: Technology assessment
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Abdomen

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: This study aimed to investigate the value of liver fibrosis assessment by ARFI and APRI in patients with common chronic liver...
Practical considerations for Dimensionality Reduction : user guidance, costly distances, and document data
Creators: name: Ingram, Stephen
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2013

description: In this thesis, we explore ways to make practical extensions to Dimensionality Reduction, or DR algorithms with the goal of addressing challenging, real-world cases. The first case we consider is that of how to provide guidance to those users employing DR methods in their data analysis. We specifically target users who are not experts in the mathematical concepts behind DR algorithms. We first identify two levels of guidance: global and local. Global user guidance helps non-experts select and arrange a sequence of analysis algorithms. Local user guidance helps users select appropriate algorithm parameter choices and interpret algorithm output. We then present a software system, DimStiller, that incorporates both types of guidance, validating it on several use-cases. The second case we consider is that of using DR to analyze datasets consisting of documents. In order to modify DR algorithms to handle document datasets effectively, we first analyze the geometric structure of document datasets. Our analysis describes the ways document datasets differ from other kinds of datasets. We then leverage these geometric properties for speed and quality by incorporating ideas from text querying into DR and other algorithms for data analysis. We then present the Overview prototype, a proof-of-concept document analysis system. Overview synthesizes both the goals of designing systems for data analysts who are DR novices, and performing DR on document data. The third case we consider is that of costly distance functions, or when the method used to derive the true proximity between two data points is computationally expensive. Using standard approaches to DR in this important use-case can result in either unnecessarily protracted runtimes or long periods of user monitoring. To address the case of costly distances, we develop an algorithm framework, Glint, which efficiently manages the number of distance function calculations for the Multidimensional Scaling class of DR algorithms. We then show that Glint implementations of Multidimensional Scaling algorithms achieve substantial speed improvements or remove the need for human monitoring.
Deconstructing the kinetic SZ Power Spectrum
Creators: name: Shaw, Laurie D.
name: Rudd, Douglas H.
name: Nagai, Daisuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed investigation of the impact of astrophysical processes on the shape and amplitude of the kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (kSZ) power spectrum from the post-reionization epoch. This is achieved by constructing a new model of the kSZ power spectrum which we calibrate to the results of hydrodynamic simulations. By construction, our method accounts for all relevant density and velocity modes and so is unaffected by the limited box size of our simulations. We find that radiative cooling and star-formation can reduce the amplitude of the kSZ power spectrum by up to 33%, or 1 uK^2 at ell = 3000. This is driven by a decrease in the mean gas density in groups and clusters due to the conversion of gas into stars. Variations in the redshifts at which helium reionization occurs can effect the amplitude by a similar fraction, while current constraints on cosmological parameters (namely sigma_8) translate to a further +-15% uncertainty on the kSZ power spectrum. We demonstrate how the models presented in this work can be constrained -- reducing the astrophysical uncertainty on the kSZ signal -- by measuring the redshift dependence of the signal via kSZ tomography. Finally, we discuss how the results of this work can help constrain the duration of reionization via measurements of the kinetic SZ signal sourced by inhomogeneous (or patchy) reionization.
description: Version accepted for publication in ApJ
Inland Waterborne Transportation – An Industry Under Siege
Creators: name: Casavant, Ken
name: Casavant, Ken
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Excerpts from the report: America's agricultural producers have always been dependent upon transportation. It is transportation that links the fields of the producer to the tables of the domestic and foreign consumers. Waterborne transportation is one component of the entire transportation system that provides service to a broad group of commodities/products. Farm commodities and farm inputs are extensive users of waterborne transportation. In a reciprocal way, the waterborne transportation industry depends upon agricultural and other resource movements for their economic livelihood. Grains are particularly dependent upon waterway services, as they access international markets, markets that take over 50 percent of the U.S. wheat production and an average of 22 percent of the coarse grain output. Producers of corn, soybeans, and white and soft wheats are particularly dependent upon foreign consumers and barge transportation. Because much of U.S. agricultural production is at interior locations far from domestic markets and ports that link our economy to the world, transportation is critical to the competitiveness of the U.S. economy.
description: Agricultural Transportation Challenges of the 21st Century
title: Near-complete magnetic resonance-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation of uterine fibroids impact on safety aspects
Creators: name: Duc, Nguyen
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Interventional non-vascular
subject: MR
subject: Ablation procedures
subject: Outcomes

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: To investigate the impact of near-complete magnetic resonance-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (MRgHIFU) ablation of uterine fibroids with a non-perfused volume ratio (NPVr)≥90% on safety...
Divergent energy strings in $AdS_5\times S^5$ with three angular momenta
Creators: name: Giardino, Sergio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, novel solutions for strings with three angular momenta in $AdS_5 \times S^5$ geometry are presented; the divergent energy limit and the corresponding conserved charges, as well as dispersion relation are also determined. Interpretations of these configurations as either a giant magnon (GM) or a spiky string (SS) are discussed.
title: Visualization and quantitative analysis of ectopic fat depots using modern tomographic techniques
Creators: name: Masenko, Vladislava
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cardiovascular system
subject: Cardiac
subject: Vascular
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: CT-Quantitative
subject: Computer Applications-Detection, diagnosis
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Arteriosclerosis
subject: Metabolic disorders
subject: Tissue characterisation

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Obesity is one of the leading risk factors for the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. The increase in the amount of adipose tissue around the body and vessels, the so-called "ectopic fat depots," is one of the components of...
title: Deutschkenntnisse entwickeln sich bei Geflüchteten und anderen Neuzugewanderten ähnlich – Sprachkurse spielen wichtige Rolle
Creators: name: Kristen, Cornelia
name: Kosyakova, Yuliya
name: Spörlein, Christoph
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: J15 Economics of Minorities, Races, and Immigrants; Non-labor Discrimination
subject: J24 Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
subject: Z13 Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology; Social and Economic Stratification
subject: destination-language proficiency
subject: language acquisition
subject: refugees
subject: new immigrants

description: Das Erlernen der deutschen Sprache spielt eine Schlüsselrolle für die Integration von neu zugewanderten Menschen. In diesem Beitrag wird der Zweitspracherwerb von Personen, die im vergangenen Jahrzehnt in die Bundesrepublik gekommen sind, in den ersten Jahren nach dem Zuzug untersucht. Hierzu werden Geflüchtete mit anderen Neuzugewanderten verglichen. Die Auswertungen verweisen auf ähnliche Prozesse des Zweitspracherwerbs in beiden Gruppen. Wichtig für die Verbesserung der Deutschkenntnisse sind vor allem die Lerngelegenheiten, die sich einerseits im Alltagsleben über Kontakte zu anderen ergeben, andererseits in strukturierten Lernsituationen stattfinden, wie beim Besuch von Sprachkursen. Die Ergebnisse belegen, dass solche Kurse in recht kurzer Zeit zu deutlichen Zuwächsen bei den Deutschkenntnissen führen. Gerade bei Geflüchteten spielen Sprachkurse eine wichtige Rolle, während andere Zugewanderte auch stark von Alltagskontakten profitieren. Insbesondere Sprachkurse sind also ein effektives Instrument, mit der die Politik über entsprechende Angebote neu zugewanderte Personen beim Erwerb von Sprachkenntnissen gezielt unterstützen kann.
description: DIW Wochenbericht, 89 (2022), 5, S. 63-69
title: Assessing enthesopathies in patients with X-linked hypophosphatemia with the use of the EOS™ low-dose biplanar imaging system
Creators: name: Lassalle, Louis
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal system
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Metabolic disorders

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is a rare genetic disease (incidence 1/20 000) characterized by impaired renal phosphate reabsorption. Most patients are diagnosed at the age of starting to walk with lower limb deformities and rickets. In...
Steady state thermal transport in anharmonic systems: Application to molecular junctions
Creators: name: Thingna, Juzar
name: García-Palacios, J. L.
name: Wang, Jian-Sheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a general theory for thermal transport in anharmonic systems under the weak system-bath coupling approximation similar to the quantum master equation formalism. A current operator is derived, which is valid not only in the steady state, but in the transient regime as well. Here we focus on the effects of anharmonicity on the steady-state thermal conductance of a mono and diatomic molecular junctions. We also study molecules being confined in a double-well potential. We find that when the molecules have a non-linear on-site potential the low-temperature thermal conductance is dramatically affected by the strength of non-linearity, whereas for the diatomic molecule connected by an anharmonic spring the strength of anharmonicity plays almost no role in the low-temperature regime. In case of the molecules confined in a double-well potential we find that the height of the barrier greatly affects the thermal conductance; once the molecules can feel the effect of the barrier we observe negative differential thermal conductance at both high and low temperatures.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, Introduction and conclusion has been revised in this version. Fig. 2 has been revised to include an inset showing NDTC behaviour. This version has been accepted by Phys. Rev. B
title: Quantitative assessment of the pericoronary fat depots using multislice computed tomography
Creators: name: Kokov, Alexander
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cardiac
subject: Arteries / Aorta
subject: Vascular
subject: CT
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: CT-Quantitative
subject: Computer Applications-Detection, diagnosis
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Arteriosclerosis
subject: Metabolic disorders
subject: Tissue characterisation

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: The growing prevalence of obesity in the world poses new challenges for researchers. In the course of the studies, the endocrine function of visceral adipose tissue on the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases was proved...
User modeling and data mining in intelligent educational games : Prime Climb a case study
Creators: name: Davoodi, Alireza
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2013

description: Educational games are designed to leverage students’ motivation and engagement in playing games to deliver pedagogical concepts to the players during game play. Adaptive educational games, in addition, utilize students’ models of learning to support personalization of learning experience according to students’ educational needs. A student’s model needs to be capable of making an evaluation of the mastery level of the target skills in the student and providing reliable base for generating tailored interventions to meet the user’s needs. Prime Climb, an adaptive educational game for students in grades 5 or 6 to practice number factorization related skill, provides a test-bed for research on user modeling and personalization in the domain of education games. Prime Climb leverages a student’s model using Dynamic Bayesian Network to implement personalization for assisting the students practice number factorization while playing the game. This thesis presents research conducted to improve the student’s model in Prime Climb by detecting and resolving the issue of degeneracy in the model. The issue of degeneracy is related to a situation in which the model’s accuracy is at its global maximum yet it violates conceptual assumptions about the process being modeled. Several criteria to evaluate the student’s model are introduced. Furthermore, using educational data mining techniques, different patterns of students’ interactions with Prime Climb were investigated to understand how students with higher prior knowledge or higher learning gain behave differently compared to students with lower prior knowledge and lower learning gain.
title: AngioTOMOGRAPHY of abdominal aorta in living kidney donors and its surgical correlation
Creators: name: Casalini Vañek, Emilia
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Computer Applications-3D
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Vascular
subject: Abdomen
subject: Pathology

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To determine the accuracy of computed tomography by showing the wide range of arterial anatomical vascular variants of aorta and renal branches. Discuss the correlation between angiotomography and surgery findings, due to its importance in an...