Phrurolithus validus Fu, Chen & Zhang, 2016, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Fu, Lina
name: Chen, Huiming
name: Zhang, Feng
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Phrurolithidae
Phrurolithus
Phrurolithus validus

description: Phrurolithus validus sp. nov.   
Figs 11A–G, 12A–E  
 Type material. Holotype ♂, China, Shanxi Province, Taibai Mountain (34°57.147′N, 107°46.022′E), Tiejia Tree, to Sanhe Palace (34°15.928′N, 108°57.254′E), 2 May 2010, Zongxu LI leg. Paratypes: 13♂ 13♀, same data as for holotype; 1♀, the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Liupan Mountain, Hongshu forest (35°24.758′N, 106°23.872′E), 25 June 2008, Chao ZHANG leg.; 1♂ 2♀, Shanxi Province, Zhouzhi County, Houzhenzi Old City (33°51.196′N, 107°50.719′E), 25 May 2009, Zhisheng ZHANG leg.; 2♂, Gansu Province, Liangdang County, Zhangjia Town, Heihe Forest Park (34°8.016′N, 106°32.984′E), 1 June 2011, Luyu WANG leg.   
 Etymology. The species name is derived from the Latin word ‘ validus ’, and refers to the valid RTA; adjective.   
 Diagnosis. The new species is similar to P. nipponicus Kishida, 1914 (Kishida, 1914: 124, fig. 1) in having similar bursae, but can be distinguished from the latter by: 1) embolus small, with a large piece of membranous base (concealed behind the conductor); 2) broad, thick RTA extending distally, DTA broad proximally, needle-like apically (only one RTA, thin, long in the latter).   
 Description. Male (Fig. 11A). Total length 2.38–2.67 (n=10). Holotype: body 2.63 long; carapace 1.17 long, 1.01 wide; abdomen 1.43 long, 0.89 wide. Carapace yellowish brown, anteriorly abruptly narrow; fovea longitudinal, distinct. Eyes sizes and interdistances: AME 0.06, ALE 0.08, PME 0.06, PLE 0.07; AME–AME 0.05, AME–ALE 0.02, PME–PME 0.06, PME–PLE 0.06. MOA 0.17 long, front 0.15 wide, back 0.17 wide. Clypeus 0.09 high. Chelicerae with one strong anterior bristle; promargin with three well-separated teeth and retromargin with two teeth close to each other. Labium and gnathocoxae wider than long, brown. Legs light yellow. Measurements of legs: leg I 3.79 (1.01, 0.34, 1.04, 0.89, 0.51), II 3.20 (0.91, 0.32, 0.78, 0.74, 0.45), III 2.84 (0.81, 0.28, 0.59, 0.72, 0.44), IV 4.36 (1.17, 0.35, 1.07, 1.15, 0.62). Leg formula: 4123. Femora I–IV basally with one dorsal spine, femur I with one prolateral spine and femur II without prolateral spine; tibia I with five pairs of ventral spines, tibia II with five proventral spines and four retroventral spines; metatarsus I with four proventral spines and three retroventral spines, metatarsus II with four proventral spines and three retroventral spines. Abdomen oval, anterior half with a small dorsal scutum, posterior half dark brown and with several unclear chevron-like stripes dorsally.   
Palp (Figs 11C–E, 12A–C). Femur distally with an apophysis retroventrally. Thick RTA extending distally, DTA broad proximally, needle-like apically. Embolus sharp apically.  
Female (Fig. 11B). Total length 2.67–3.01 (n=11). One paratype: body 2.82 long; carapace 1.24 long, 1.09 wide; abdomen 1.57 long, 0.92 wide. Carapace yellowish brown, abruptly narrow anteriorly; fovea longitudinal. Eyes sizes and interdistances: AME 0.04, ALE 0.06, PME 0.05, PLE 0.06; AME–AME 0.05, AME–ALE 0.02, PME–PME 0.05, PME–PLE 0.06. MOA 0.17 long, front 0.15 wide, back 0.18 wide. Clypeus 0.08 high. Leg measurements: I 4.05 (1.05, 0.33, 1.15, 0.97, 0.55); II 3.40 (0.99, 0.28, 0.86, 0.76, 0.51); III 3.14 (0.92, 0.23, 0.76, 0.69, 0.54); IV 4.60 (1.26, 0.32, 1.14, 1.23, 0.65). Leg formula: 4123. Femora I–IV with one dorsal spine. Femur I with one prolateral spines and femur II without prolateral spine; tibia I with six pairs of ventral spines, tibia II with five proventral spines and four retroventral spines; metatarsus I with four proventral spines and three retroventral spines, metatarsus II with four proventral spines and three retroventral spines. Abdomen dark grey dorsally.  
Epigyne (Figs 11F–G, 12D–E). COs small, located with a little longer distance from each other than opening diameter. Thin and short CD connecting with two transparent bursae, crescent shaped. Spermathecae small, located centrally.  
 Distribution. China (Gansu, Ningxia, Shanxi).
description: Published as part of Fu, Lina, Chen, Huiming & Zhang, Feng, 2016, New Phrurolithus species from China (Araneae, Phrurolithidae), pp. 270-290 in Ecologica Montenegrina 7 on pages 285-287, DOI: 10.37828/em.2016.7.5, http://zenodo.org/record/13224313