cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Strain-modulated Bandgap and Piezo-resistive Effect in Black Phosphorus Field-effect Transistors
Creators: name: Zhang, Zuocheng
name: Li, Likai
name: Horng, Jason
name: Wang, Nai Zhou
name: Yang, Fangyuan
name: Yu, Yijun
name: Zhang, Yu
name: Chen, Guorui
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Chen, Xian Hui
name: Wang, Feng
name: Zhang, Yuanbo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Energy bandgap largely determines the optical and electronic properties of a semiconductor. Variable bandgap therefore makes versatile functionality possible in a single material. In layered material black phosphorus, the bandgap can be modulated by the number of layers; as a result, few-layer black phosphorus has discrete bandgap values that are relevant for opto-electronic applications in the spectral range from red, in monolayer, to mid-infrared in the bulk limit. Here, we further demonstrate continuous bandgap modulation by mechanical strain applied through flexible substrates. The strain-modulated bandgap significantly alters the charge transport in black phosphorus at room temperature; we for the first time observe a large piezo-resistive effect in black phosphorus field-effect transistors (FETs). The effect opens up opportunities for future development of electro-mechanical transducers based on black phosphorus, and we demonstrate strain gauges constructed from black phosphorus thin crystals.
Chinese Retail Sector Employee Interviews, 2003-2004
Creators: name: Gamble, J.
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 2008

description: Rising prosperity and a rapidly commercialising economy have transformed China into the world’s most important emerging market. Multinational retailers have rapidly expanded their presence in China since foreign participation in the sector was permitted in 1992. The aim of this project was to investigate and analyse the transfer of management practices and retail concepts by UK multinational retailers to their subsidiaries in China.

 The study consists of semi-structured interviews of employees at UK owned retail stores in North and East China. The interviews are short as they are conducted on the shop floor while the interviewee is working. The interviews have been translated to English but the odd word is still in Chinese (Mandarin). Some interviews are transcribed while others are in note format.

 The study forms part of a wider project which also looked at Japanese firms and includes further data not available from the UKDA. Further information is available from the Cultures of Consumption project web page and the ESRC award page.
Masculinities in Transition: Identity, Home and Workplace, 2004-2006
Creators: name: Hockey, J.
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 2008

description: This qualitative dataset considered how the performance of masculinity varies not just between different groups of men, but within the same man as he moves between different social environments.

 The dataset investigated ways in which individual men negotiate their masculine identity as they pass between work and home contexts, and how this changes as men manage transitions in their lives. The research took masculinity as a fluid, contested notion, and explored the ways in which multiple masculinities played out in individuals' lives.

 Male participants were recruited from three different occupations traditionally stereotyped as more or less feminised: firefighting, hairdressing and estate agency.

 One research aim was to look at the way men negotiate the expectations and understandings of masculinity associated with their working context, exploring the differences in 'being a man' at work and at home. The researchers were interested in the transitions in men's lives, and how individuals manage their masculine identity during periods of change.

 Participants were drawn from three age cohorts: young men starting out in life, middle-aged men and older men of retirement age. Data-gathering strategies included in-depth qualitative interviews with men of the different age groups within the three occupational categories. Interviews were also conducted with women who know the men well - as friends, wives, partners or family members. These interviews give insight into how men 'do' masculinity at home and at work, as well as shedding light on the negotiations involved within relationships.

 Further information can be found at the project's ESRC funding web page.
Class and Ethnicity: Polish Migrant Workers in London, 1996-2006
Creators: name: Garapich, M.
name: Eade, J.
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 2008

description: The study examines recent Polish migrations to London and the socio-cultural consequences for Poland and the UK as well as individual narratives about ethnicity, class, migration and multicultural Britain.

 This dataset consists of 57 qualitative, semi-structured face-to-face interviews with Polish nationals living in London and their friends and family in four locations in Poland. There is also one set of fieldwork notes conducted in Poland. Interviews were conducted in Polish and transcribed directly into English by the researcher.

 A majority of interviewees had been in London for no more than two years. Although some in the sample were very recent migrants, others had been living in the capital for almost a decade. Interviews were conducted across sections of age, education and occupational activity and the sample was weighted in order to be consistent with the more general statistical data gathered by the Home Office Workers Registration Scheme and the Labour Force Survey.

 The study asked interconnected questions, such as: in what terms do Polish migrant workers understand their socio-economic position within both London's market and in Poland, and in what ways can their understandings of both be analysed in terms of analytical distinctions between class and ethnicity? Also, what social and economic links did respondents maintain with relatives and friends in Poland?

 Further information is available from the ESRC Class and Ethnicity: Polish Migrant Workers in London award page or the Surrey University Class and Ethnicity: Polish Migrant Workers in London project web page.
Cultural Context of Youth Suicide: Identity, Gender and Sexuality, 2006
Creators: name: McDermott, E.
name: Roen, K.
name: Scourfield, J.
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 2008

description: This project explored how young people think about suicide and self-harm.

 Specifically, it considered how young people's understandings of how distress relating to gender identity or sexuality could lead to suicide. It adopted a discourse analytic approach, understanding that suicidal behaviour becomes possible only insofar as it makes sense. The study also focused on struggles young people may experience around sexuality and gender identity and how these struggles may lead to suicidal behaviour.

 The research involved 11 focus groups and 13 interviews with participants aged 16-25 years. The fieldwork took place in the North West of England and South Wales. Three focus groups were made up of young people who identify themselves as lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender (LGB or T). Seven interviewees identified themselves lesbian, gay or bisexual.

 Further information about the research can be found at the project's web site or ESRC award web page.
Volterra differential equations with singular kernels
Creators: name: Coutin, Laure
name: Decreusefond, Laurent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Motivated by the potential applications to the fractional Brownianmotion, we study Volterra stochasticdifferential of the form~:\begin{equation}X\_t = x+ \int\_0^tK(t,s)b(s,X\_s)ds + \int\_0^tK(t,s) σ(s,X\_s)\,dB\_s ,\tag{E} \label{eq:sdefbm}\end{equation}where $(B\_s, \, s\in [0,1])$ is a one-dimensional standard Brownianmotion and $(K(t,s), \, t,s \in [0,1])$ is a deterministic kernelwhose properties will be precised below but for which we don't assumeany boundedness property.
Refinement of Bolide Characteristics from Infrasound measurements
Creators: name: Gi, Nayeob
name: Brown, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have detected and performed signal measurements on 78 individual bolide events as recorded at 179 infrasound stations between 2006 and 2015. We compared period-yield relations with AFTAC nuclear period-yield data, finding these to be similar with a slight offset. Scatter in period measurements for individual bolide is found to be caused in part by station noise levels and by attenuation effects with range. No correlation was found between the infrasound signal period and any of bolide height at peak brightness, entry speed or impact angle. We examined in detail three well constrained bolides having energy deposition curves, known trajectories and infrasound detections finding some evidence at shorter ranges that a component of station period scatter is due to varying source heights sampled by different stations. However, for longer-range stations in these three case studies, we were not able to assign unique source heights using raytracing due to large uncertainties in atmospheric conditions. Our results suggest that while source height contributes to the observed variance in infrasound signal periods from a given bolide, range and station noise play a larger role.
description: Accepted for publication in Planetary and Space Science
Polish Migrants in London: Social Networks, Transience and Settlement, 2004-2006
Creators: name: Ryan, L.
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 2008

description: This qualitative study examines Polish migration to London in the context of Poland joining the European Union (EU).

 The study consists of semi-structured interviews with key informants from the Polish community in London, Polish centres and church groups. There are also three focus groups conducted with recent Polish migrants to London.

 Recent Polish migration has been seen as transient, involving short periods of migration and frequent returns to the home country. The study explores Polish migrants' attitudes to living in London, their expected duration of stay and their plans to return home. It analyses how Poland’s accession to the EU impacts on migrants’ attitudes to settling in the UK. It also examines the social networks used by Polish migrants and how these networks provide information, practical support (e.g. jobs), as well as friendship, asking if these networks aid settlement or reinforce transience.

 Further information is available from the ESRC's <a href="http://www.esrcsocietytoday/esrcinfocentre/viewawardpage.aspx?awardnumber=RES-000-22-1552" title="Polish Migrants in London: Social Networks, Transience and Settlement, 2004-2006 award web page">award web page.
Single-particle detection of products from atomic and molecular reactions in a cryogenic ion storage ring
Creators: name: Krantz, C.
name: Novotný, O.
name: Becker, A.
name: George, S.
name: Grieser, M.
name: von Hahn, R.
name: Meyer, C.
name: Schippers, S.
name: Spruck, K.
name: Vogel, S.
name: Wolf, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have used a single-particle detector system, based on secondary electron emission, for counting low-energetic (~keV/u) massive products originating from atomic and molecular ion reactions in the electrostatic Cryogenic Storage Ring (CSR). The detector is movable within the cryogenic vacuum chamber of CSR, and was used to measure production rates of a variety of charged and neutral daughter particles. In operation at a temperature of ~6 K, the detector is characterised by a high dynamic range, combining a low dark event rate with good high-rate particle counting capability. On-line measurement of the pulse height distributions proved to be an important monitor of the detector response at low temperature. Statistical pulse-height analysis allows to infer the particle detection efficiency of the detector, which has been found to be close to unity also in cryogenic operation at 6 K.
description: Accepted to Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, A
Afghan Women’s Resistance and Struggle in Afghanistan and Diasporic Communities, 2004-2005
Creators: name: Rostami-Povey, E.
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 2008

description: Afghan Women’s Resistance and Struggle in Afghanistan and Diasporic Communities, 2004-2005 aimed to develop a better understanding of Afghan women's resistance to war and violent conflicts; their engagement with multiple worlds as refugees or living in exile, their struggle for survival and/or their acquisition of new knowledge and power. The study investigated the vast diversity (class, age, ethnicity, religion) of women's experiences in the process of historical changes (in times of war and conflict, in exile and in times of peace making) and the different ways they emerge as autonomous agents and construct their identities, in culturally specific circumstances. The research assessed the gendered nature of social exclusion, and the importance of women's inclusion in the processes of reconstruction and peace making.

 Semi-structured interviews were used to study Afghan women (and some men) in Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan, UK and USA. Respondents were chosen to represent a sample of diverse groups (students, teachers, non-Governmental Organisation (NGO) workers, United Nations (UN) workers, journalists, women and men in refugee camps) according to their religiosity, ethnicity, age, marital status, fertility rate, class, citizenship status, employment status and political, social and cultural activities. Detailed demographic information about each respondent is recorded in the data listing.

 Further information is available from the ESRC award page.
How to be a Good Communist in Reform-Era China: Moulding the Agents of the State, 2004-2007
Creators: name: Pieke, F.
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 2008

description: Despite almost 30 years of reform, the Chinese state’s functioning continues to revolve around the role of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), which suffuses the entire state apparatus, providing it with leadership, purpose and strategy. The party has a range of tools at its disposal to maintain its grip over government, but the key component of continued Leninist supervision is its control over the careers of the officials (cadres) that populate the government, public services, state-owned enterprises, the judiciary, the arms of representative government (people’s congresses and political consultative conferences) and indeed the party apparatus itself. This study interrogates the efforts to use cadre training to standardize, modernize and sanitize the practice and ethos of administration. Cadres, while they continue to be bound by the ideology and practice prescribed by Leninist party discipline, should also become modern, competent managers of increasingly complex organizations.

 Interviews were conducted with students, teachers and administrators, along with state and communist party officials. These were fully transcribed in Chinese and personal names of informants have been removed from all transcripts and notes. The collection consists of 85 interview transcripts in Chinese and 9 interview notes in English.

 Further information is available from the ESRC Award web page.
Finite size and finite temperature studies of the $osp(1|2)$ spin chain
Creators: name: Tavares, T. S.
name: Ribeiro, G. A. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a quantum spin chain invariant by the superalgebra $osp(1|2)$. We derived non-linear integral equations for the row-to-row transfer matrix eigenvalue in order to analyze its finite size scaling behaviour and we determined its central charge. We have also studied the thermodynamical properties of the obtained spin chain via the non-linear integral equations for the quantum transfer matrix eigenvalue. We numerically solved these NLIE and evaluated the specific heat and magnetic susceptibility. The analytical low temperature analysis was performed providing a different value for the effective central charge. The computed values are in agreement with the numerical predictions in the literature.
description: 26 pages, 2 figures
Kinetics Modeling of Nanoparticle Growth on and Evaporation off Nanotubes
Creators: name: Privman, Vladimir
name: Gorshkov, Vyacheslav
name: Yaish, Yuval E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A kinetic Monte Carlo approach is developed for studying growth and evaporation of nanoparticles on/off nanotubes. This study has been motivated by recent experimental advances in using nanoparticle evaporation (sublimation) off nanoparticle-decorated nanotubes for nanoscale "thermometry." We demonstrate that the considered kinetic Monte Carlo approach can reproduce features of the process that are not included in phenomenological thermodynamic modeling, as well as provide snapshots of the growth and evaporation process morphology.
description: 24 pages in PDF; supplemental movie is embedded on the last page
Multidimensional coding by neurons of the basolateral amygdala and prefrontal cortex
Creators: name: Kyriazi, Pinelopi
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2020

description: The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and basolateral complex of the amygdala (BLA), consisting of the lateral (LA), and basolateral (BL) and basomedial nuclei, are two nodes involved in the regulation of emotional memories. Specifically, BLA is involved in the acquisition and expression of conditioned responses (CRs) to stimuli (CSs) that predict aversive or appetitive outcomes. These CRs are thought to result from the activation of specific subsets of valence-coding BLA neurons. Under this model, the responses of BLA cells to CSs and the activity that drives CRs are closely related. In the third chapter of this thesis, I tested this hypothesis using a novel paradigm that dissociates BLA activity related to CS responses and CRs. At odds with this model, the CS responses and CR-related activity of individual BLA cells were separable. Moreover, while the incidence of valence-coding cells did not exceed chance, at the population level there was similarity between valence coding for CSs and CRs. In fact, both LA and BL neurons concurrently encoded multiple task features and behaviors. The mPFC forms dense reciprocal connections with the BLA and has been shown to serve similar functions as the BLA in fear and reward conditioning. Additionally, these two brain regions have common cortical, striatal, and brainstem connections involved in emotional expression, neuromodulation, and autonomic regulation. Hence, to understand the overlapping and separable roles of the mPFC and BLA in appetitive and aversive conditioning, in the fourth chapter of this thesis, I recorded cells in both regions and compared their coding properties. Several similarities were apparent, including the proportions of stimulus and behavior responsive cells. However, mPFC neurons had more selective coding especially in relation to CRs evoked by different CSs. Importantly, neurons in the two structures encoded the same task features but to different degrees, leading to gradients of task representations. While PL and BL neurons represented many task variables through small fluctuations in their firing rates, LA cells coded fewer task features with stronger changes in activity. Population analyses revealed that while valence could be decoded from the activity of BLA and PL neurons, PL neurons were superior at distinguishing trial identity information. Thus, PL neurons have greater representational capacity than BLA neurons. The significance of these differences for the regulation of emotional memories is discussed.
Holistic Security in a Fragmented Governance Structure, 1998-2003
Datasets of Justice and Home Affairs (JHA) and Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) Joint Actions
Creators: name: Winn, N.
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 2008

description: This study contains two datasets which provide a complete overview of all European Union (EU) Justice and Home Affairs (JHA) and Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) joint actions between 1998-2003. Two datasets have been constructed using the electronic portal to EU law, EUR-Lex, to consult online editions of the Official Journal of the European Union (L series). Every edition of the Official Journal between 1998 and 2003 was browsed by year. Subsequently, all ‘joint actions’, ‘decisions’ and ‘framework decisions’ relating to CFSP and JHA were printed, filed, sorted and analysed, and relevant information from these was extracted and entered into the datasets under the appropriate headings. This process made it possible to see all data at a glance in comparative tables, whereas, previously, it was only possible to gather data by looking up the details of each action separately in the Official Journal of the European Union. The datasets provide a useful resource and a basis for further research in this area.

 Further information is available from the ESRC Award web page.
Involved Grandparenting and Child Well-Being, 2007
Creators: name: Buchanan, A.
name: Flouri, E.
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 2008

description: With changing families, increased life expectancy, growing numbers of dual-worker households and higher rates of family breakdown, grandparents are now playing an increasing role in their grandchildren’s lives. Despite their growing importance, there has been little research from the perspective of young people on their involvement with grandparents and how this impacts on their well-being.

 Involved Grandparenting and Child Well-Being, 2007 is the first nationally representative survey of young people’s views on their relationships with their grandparents. The study is based on a nationally representative sample of around 1,500 young people aged 11-16 in England and Wales. The young people completed a questionnaire in classroom settings, in some cases with the supervision of a researcher from GfK NOP in addition to the pupil’s normal teacher.

 The study sought to answer some of the key questions such as to what extent are grandparents involved in young people’s lives and what factors are associated with this involvement? What impact does this involvement have on grandchildren’s emotional and behavioural well-being? To what extent do grandparents help or hinder the grandchild’s adjustment at times of family breakdown? To what extent do grandparents reduce the impact on grandchildren’s well-being of family adversity?

 Further information can be found from the ESRC Award webpage.
The Universality of Thermal Transport in Amorphous Nanowires at Low Temperatures
Creators: name: Tavakoli, Adib
name: Blanc, Christophe
name: Ftouni, Hossein
name: Lulla, Kunal
name: Fefferman, Andrew
name: Collin, Eddy
name: Bourgeois, Olivier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermal transport properties of amorphous materials at low temperatures are governed by the interaction between phonons and localized excitations referred to as tunneling two level systems (TLS). The temperature variation of the thermal conductivity of these amorphous materials is considered as universal and is characterized by a quadratic power law. This is well described by the phenomenological TLS model even though its microscopic explanation is still elusive. Here, by scaling down to the nanometer scale amorphous systems much below the bulk phonon-TLS mean free path, we probed the robustness of that model in restricted geometry systems. Using very sensitive thermal conductance measurements, we demonstrate that the temperature dependence of the thermal conductance of silicon nitride nanostructures remains mostly quadratic independently of the nanowire section. It is not following the cubic power law in temperature as expected in a Casimir-Ziman regime of boundary limited thermal transport. This shows a thermal transport counter intuitively dominated by phonon-TLS interactions and not by phonon-boundary scattering in the nanowires. This could be ascribed to an unexpected high density of TLS on the surfaces which still dominates the phonon diffusion processes at low temperatures and explains why the universal quadratic temperature dependence of thermal conductance still holds for amorphous nanowires.
Chiral gauge dynamics: candidates for non-supersymmetric dualities
Creators: name: Karasik, A
name: Önder, K
name: Tong, D
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
1/N Expansion
Duality in Gauge Field Theories

description: Abstract We study the dynamics of chiral SU(N) gauge theories. These contain Weyl fermions in the symmetric or anti-symmetric representation of the gauge group, together with further fermions in the fundamental and anti-fundamental. We revisit an old proposal of Bars and Yankielowicz who match the ‘t Hooft anomalies of this theory to free fermions. We show that there are novel and, in some cases, quite powerful constraints on the dynamics in the large N limit.In addition, we study these SU(N) theories with an extra Weyl fermion transforming in the adjoint representation. Here we show that all 21 ‘t Hooft anomalies for global symmetries are matched with those of a Spin(8) gauge theory. This suggests a non-supersymmetric extension of the duality of Pouliot and Strassler. Finally, we also discuss some non-supersymmetric dualities with vector-like matter content for SO(N) and Sp(N) gauge theories and the constraints imposed by Weingarten inequalities.
Brain Drain Debate in the United Kingdom, c.1950-1970
Creators: name: Balmer, B.
name: Godwin, M.
name: Gregory, J.
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 2020

description: This qualitative project sought to provide an analysis of the 'brain drain' debate of the 1950s and 1960s as a social phenomenon.

 The term 'brain drain' was adopted in the 1960s in the context of concerns the United Kingdom was losing skilled scientific and engineering personnel to other countries. Although the term is used in a variety of academic, policy and popular discussions about the international mobility of scientists, this project sought to rectify the absence of scholarly literature analysing the original 'brain drain' debate.

 The dataset comprises of 19 oral history interviews with scientists and engineers who emigrated to the United States or Canada in the 1950s or 1960s as well as British policymakers involved in any way in the 'brain drain' debate at this time. Also included is the transcript of a 'witness seminar' that brought officials and former emigres together to discuss their recollections.

 Further information on the dataset is available at the project's web site or ESRC funding award web page.
A stage-structured Bayesian hierarchical model for salmon lice populations at individual salmon farms - Estimated from multiple farm data sets
Creators: name: Aldrin, Magne
name: Huseby, Ragnar Bang
name: Stien, Audun
name: Grøntvedt, Randi Nygaard
name: Viljugrein, Hildegunn
name: Jansen, Peder Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Salmon farming has become a prosperous international industry over the last decades. Along with growth in the production farmed salmon, however, an increasing threat by pathogens has emerged. Of special concern is the propagation and spread of the salmon louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis. In order to gain insight into this parasites population dynamics in large scale salmon farming system, we present a fully mechanistic stage-structured population model for the salmon louse, also allowing for complexities involved in the hierarchical structure of full scale salmon farming. The model estimates parameters controlling a wide range of processes, including temperature dependent demographic rates, fish size and abundance effects on louse transmission rates, effects sizes of various salmon louse control measures, and distance based between farm transmission rates. Model parameters were estimated from data including 32 salmon farms, except the last production months for five farms which were used to evaluate model predictions. We used a Bayesian estimation approach, combining the prior distributions and the data likelihood into a joint posterior distribution for all model parameters. The model generated expected values that fitted the observed infection levels of the chalimus, adult female and other mobile stages of salmon lice, reasonably well. Predictions for the time periods not used for fitting the model were also consistent with the observational data. We argue that the present model for the population dynamics of the salmon louse in aquaculture farm systems may contribute to resolve the complexity of processes that drive that drive this host-parasite relationship, and hence may improve strategies to control the parasite in this production system.
Characterization of black slags obtained during smelting in the electric arc furnace from SIDERPERU following reduction
Creators: name: Cabrera-Tinoco, HA
name: Valencia-Bedregal, RA
name: Borja-Castro, LE
name: Valerio-Cuadros, MI
name: Dominguez, AGB
name: Zhao, X
name: Zhang, Y
name: Zheng, C
name: Moreno, NO
name: Zhang, D
name: Barnes, CHW
name: Valladares, LDLS
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: Article
Proceedings of the International Conference on the Applications of the Mössbauer Effect (ICAME 2021), 5-10 September 2021, Brasov, Romania
Black slag
iron oxides
electric arc furnace
carbothermal reduction
Mӧssbauer spectroscopy, HRB335 steel

description: AbstractThe primary process in an electrical arc furnace (EAF) during industrial steelmaking results in tons of black slags which cause pollution to the environment. In this work, the iron oxides of black slags generated in the EAF from the SIDERPERU plant, Peru was reduced via the carbothermal reaction. The reduction of the black slag to α-Fe is demonstrated by X-ray diffraction, Mӧssbauer spectroscopy and magnetometry. However, phases with calcium and silicon persist in the sample after the carbothermal process. The thermodynamic calculations of the most probable reactions sequence were performed to understand the reduction process. The magnetometry measurements confirm the presence of ferromagnetic domains, supporting the success of the reduction of the black slag to α-Fe. The reduced black slags were recycled into a HRB335 steel rod by consolidation and extrusion processes and inspected by X-ray fluorescence.
Entropy production and its large deviations in an active lattice gas
Creators: name: Agranov, Tal
name: Cates, Michael E
name: Jack, Robert L
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: Paper
PAPER: Classical statistical mechanics, equilibrium and non-equilibrium
active matter
fluctuating hydrodynamic
large deviations in non-equilibrium systems
macroscopic fluctation theory

description: Abstract Active systems are characterized by a continuous production of entropy at steady state. We study the statistics of entropy production within a lattice-based model of interacting active particles that is capable of motility-induced phase separation. Exploiting a recent formulation of the exact fluctuating hydrodynamics for this model, we provide analytical results for its entropy production statistics in both typical and atypical (biased) regimes. This complements previous studies of the large deviation statistics of entropy production in off-lattice active particle models that could only be addressed numerically. Our analysis uncovers an unexpectedly intricate phase diagram, with five different phases arising (under bias) within the parameter regime where the unbiased system is in its homogeneous state. Notably, we find the concurrence of first order and second order nonequilibrium phase transition curves at a bias-induced tricritical point, a feature not yet reported in previous studies of active systems.
The role of the tryptophan-NAD + pathway in a mouse model of severe malnutrition induced liver dysfunction.
Creators: name: Hu, Guanlan
name: Ling, Catriona
name: Chi, Lijun
name: Thind, Mehakpreet K
name: Furse, Samuel
name: Koulman, Albert
name: Swann, Jonathan R
name: Lee, Dorothy
name: Calon, Marjolein M
name: Bourdon, Celine
name: Versloot, Christian J
name: Bakker, Barbara M
name: Gonzales, Gerard Bryan
name: Kim, Peter K
name: Bandsma, Robert HJ
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: Article
/631/80/642/333/1465
/692/699/1702/295
/692/4020/4021/1607
/82/80
/64
/64/60
/59
/14/34
/96
/96/1
article

description: Mortality in children with severe malnutrition is strongly related to signs of metabolic dysfunction, such as hypoglycemia. Lower circulating tryptophan levels in children with severe malnutrition suggest a possible disturbance in the tryptophan-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (TRP-NAD+) pathway and subsequently in NAD+ dependent metabolism regulator sirtuin1 (SIRT1). Here we show that severe malnutrition in weanling mice, induced by 2-weeks of low protein diet feeding from weaning, leads to an impaired TRP-NAD+ pathway with decreased NAD+ levels and affects hepatic mitochondrial turnover and function. We demonstrate that stimulating the TRP-NAD+ pathway with NAD+ precursors improves hepatic mitochondrial and overall metabolic function through SIRT1 modulation. Activating SIRT1 is sufficient to induce improvement in metabolic functions. Our findings indicate that modulating the TRP-NAD+ pathway can improve liver metabolic function in a mouse model of severe malnutrition. These results could lead to the development of new interventions for children with severe malnutrition.
Doing Embryo Ethics: Safety and Efficacy in Research and Practice, 2004-2007
Creators: name: Kerr, A.
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 2009

description: This qualitative project explored the social and discursive construction of ethics in research laboratories and clinics working with human embyros. The dataset contains semi-structured interviews with clinicians, scientists, and related professionals.

 The study contributed towards understanding scientific governance in contemporary society, focusing upon the multiple ways in which ethics are played out in the clinic and the laboratory, and the relationships between these types of 'everyday ethics' and ethical discourses in other professional, political and public domains. Particular attention was paid to the relationship between ethics, efficacy and safety and where and when alignment and/or differentiation between them occur. This relates to debates about the ethics of 'clinical league tables', egg sharing and donor anonymity, in particular.

 The project contributed towards bridging the divide between the discipline of bioethics and social studies of governance in the biosciences, giving important insights into the relationships between ethics, experience and practice in clinical, laboratory and policy contexts.

 Further information can be found at the project's web page or ESRC funding award web page.
Evaluation of pretreatment ADC values as predictors of treatment response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer - a multicenter study.
Creators: name: Surov, Alexey
name: Pech, Maciej
name: Meyer, Hans-Jonas
name: Bitencourt, Almir GV
name: Fujimoto, Hiroshi
name: Baxter, Gabrielle C
name: Santamaría, Gorane
name: Gilbert, Fiona J
name: Wienke, Andreas
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: Research Article
Breast cancer
DWI
ADC
Neoadjuvant treatment

description: BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to diagnose breast cancer. Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) can reflect tumor microstructure in a non-invasive manner. The correct prediction of response of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is crucial for clinical routine. Our aim was to compare ADC values between patients with pathological complete response (pCR) and non-responders based upon a multi-center design to improve the correct patient selection, which patient would more benefit from NAC and which patient would not. METHODS: For this study, data from 4 centers (from Japan, Brazil, Spain and United Kingdom) were retrospectively acquired. The time period was overall 2003-2019. The patient sample comprises 250 patients (all female; median age, 50.5). In every case, pretreatment breast MRI with DWI was performed. pCR was assessed by experienced pathologists in every center using the surgical specimen in the clinical routine work up. pCR was defined as no residual invasive disease in either breast or axillary lymph nodes after NAC. ADC values between the group with pCR and those with no pCR were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test (two-group comparisons). Univariable and multivariabe logistic regression analysis was performed to predict pCR status. RESULTS: Overall, 83 patients (33.2%) achieved pCR. The ADC values of the patient group with pCR were lower compared with patients without pCR (0.98 ± 0.23 × 10- 3 mm2/s versus 1.07 ± 0.24 × 10- 3 mm2/s, p = 0.02). The ADC value achieved an odds ratio of 4.65 (95% CI 1.40-15.49) in univariable analysis and of 3.0 (95% CI 0.85-10.63) in multivariable analysis (overall sample) to be associated with pCR status. The odds ratios differed in the subgroup analyses in accordance with the molecular subtype. CONCLUSIONS: The pretreatment ADC-value is associated with pathological complete response after NAC in breast cancer patients. This could aid in clinical routine to reduce treatment toxicity for patients, who would not benefit from NAC. However, this must be tested in further studies, as the overlap of the ADC values in both groups is too high for clinical prediction.
Can interacting dark energy solve the $H_0$ tension?
Creators: name: Di Valentino, Eleonora
name: Melchiorri, Alessandro
name: Mena, Olga
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The answer is Yes! We indeed find that interacting dark energy can alleviate the current tension on the value of the Hubble constant $H_0$ between the Cosmic Microwave Background anisotropies constraints obtained from the Planck satellite and the recent direct measurements reported by Riess et al. 2016. The combination of these two datasets points towards an evidence for a non-zero dark matter-dark energy coupling $ξ$ at more than two standard deviations, with $ξ=-0.26_{-0.12}^{+0.16}$ at $95\%$ CL. However the $H_0$ tension is better solved when the equation of state of the interacting dark energy component is allowed to freely vary, with a phantom-like equation of state $w=-1.184\pm0.064$ (at $68 \%$ CL), ruling out the pure cosmological constant case, $w=-1$, again at more than two standard deviations. When Planck data are combined with external datasets, as BAO, JLA Supernovae Ia luminosity distances, cosmic shear or lensing data, we find good consistency with the cosmological constant scenario and no compelling evidence for a dark matter-dark energy coupling.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
SC3s: efficient scaling of single cell consensus clustering to millions of cells.
Creators: name: Quah, Fu Xiang
name: Hemberg, Martin
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: Software
k-Means clustering
Streaming clustering
scRNAseq

description: BACKGROUND: Today it is possible to profile the transcriptome of individual cells, and a key step in the analysis of these datasets is unsupervised clustering. For very large datasets, efficient algorithms are required to ensure that analyses can be conducted with reasonable time and memory requirements. RESULTS: Here, we present a highly efficient k-means based approach, and we demonstrate that it scales favorably with the number of cells with regards to time and memory. CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated that our streaming k-means clustering algorithm gives state-of-the-art performance while resource requirements scale favorably for up to 2 million cells.
Characterization and Mössbauer spectroscopy of steel slag generated in the ladle furnance in SIDERPERU steel plant
Creators: name: Dominguez, AGB
name: Valerio-Cuadros, MI
name: Borja-Castro, LE
name: Valencia-Bedregal, RA
name: Santibañez, JF
name: Suarez, SME
name: Cabrera-Tinoco, H
name: Moreno, NO
name: Barnes, CHW
name: Valladares, LDLS
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: Article
Proceedings of the International Conference on the Applications of the Mössbauer Effect (ICAME 2021), 5-10 September 2021, Brasov, Romania
Ladle Furnace
Steel slag
Steelmaking process
Mössbauer Spectroscopy
Iron oxides

description: AbstractThe steel industry produces large amounts of slag coming from different stages during the steelmaking process every year. Currently, there are numerous attempts to recycle it or to use it in some other industry sectors and to preserve the environment. The characteristics of the slag depends on the steelmaking process and it is crucial to have it before any attempt of recycling. In this work, slag sample produced in the ladle furnace from SIDERPERU steel plant were collected and analyzed by using energy dispersion X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), SQUID magnetometer and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The chemical analysis obtained by EDX and XRF indicate that the main elemental composition of the material is Fe, Ca, Si and Cr. XRD identifies that these elements are in the phases: FeO, Fe3O4, α-Fe2O3, Ca2SiO4, and Ca2,32Mn0,68SiO7. Magnetometry measurements suggest the Verwey transition for magnetite and the Morin transition for hematite are screened by the presence of superparamagnetic phases. The Mössbauer spectrum shows two doublets related to Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions with hyperfine parameters belonging to that of non-stoichiometric wustite. Also, the presence of hyperfine fields characteristic of the Fe3O4 and Fe2O3 phase identified at room temperature verifies the magnetometry analysis. The analysis of the sample used in this work reveals details connected with the steel fabrication processes and are helpful for posterior recycling attempts.
Maulik-Okounkov's R-matrix from Ding-Iohara-Miki algebra
Creators: name: Fukuda, Masayuki
name: Harada, Koichi
name: Matsuo, Yutaka
name: Zhu, Rui-Dong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The integrability of 4d $\mathcal{N}=2$ gauge theories has been explored in various contexts, for example the Seiberg-Witten curve and its quantization. Recently, Maulik and Okounkov proposed that an integrable lattice model is associated with the gauge theory, through an R-matrix, to which we refer as MO's R-matrix in this paper, constructed in the instanton moduli space. In this paper, we study the R-matrix using the Ding-Iohara-Miki (DIM) algebra. We provide a concrete boson realization of the universal R-matrix in DIM and show that the defining conditions for MO's R-matrix can be derived from this free boson oscillator expression. Several consistency checks for the oscillator expression are also performed.
description: 23 pages; minor changes in 2nd version
Characterization of iron oxide waste scales obtained by rolling mill steel industry
Creators: name: Kargin, J
name: Valladares, LDLS
name: Borja-Castro, LE
name: Xize, J
name: Mukhambetov, DG
name: Konyukhov, YV
name: Moreno, NO
name: Dominguez, AGB
name: Barnes, CHW
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: Article
Proceedings of the International Conference on the Applications of the Mössbauer Effect (ICAME 2021), 5-10 September 2021, Brasov, Romania
Iron oxide
Steel slag
Steel scales
Rolling mill steel
Mössbauer spectroscopy

description: AbstractEvery year, the steelmaking industry produces millions of tons of slags resulting in pollution to the environment. Among the waste, secondary metals and scales rich in iron oxides are also thrown away. There is a need to treat the steel waste in a reasonably way to protect the environment and proposing new cheap technologies for producing advanced materials. In this study we report the morphological and structural characterization of waste scales generated during roll milling steel process at JSC “Arcelor Mittal Temirtau”. The raw slag and annealed at 1000 °C were measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy adapted with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM- EDX), magnetometry and Mössbauer Spectroscopy (MS). Fe and O were detected by EDX as main chemical elements and Si, S, Ca, Mg, C and Al as minimal elemental composition. XDR for the raw sample revealed α-Fe2O3 (hematite) and Fe3O4 (magnetite) as principal and secondary phase, respectively; whereas monophasic α-Fe2O3 is detected for the scales annealed at 1000 °C. Magnetometry measurements show the Verwey transition for the raw sample and the Morin transition for the annealed at 1000 °C; those are fingerprints for the presence of magnetite and hematite, respectively. MS measurements for the raw sample consist of 6 small peaks of absorption and a broad two-lines absorption peak in the central part. The doublets are associated to the hyperfine parameters belonging to wustite. Magnetite is related to the hyperfine parameters for two sextets in octahedral Fe2.5+ and tetrahedral Fe3+sites and a small sextet that resembles the Mössbauer parameters of α-Fe2O3. Only a well crystallized and weakly ferromagnetic sextet confirm the presence of α-Fe2O3 phase for the sample annealed at 1000 °C due to thermal oxidation.
Nozzle geometry effects on supersonic wind tunnel studies of shock–boundary-layer interactions
Creators: name: Sabnis, Kshitij
name: Galbraith, Daniel S
name: Babinsky, Holger
name: Benek, John A
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: Research Article

description: AbstractMany supersonic wind tunnel experiments investigate shock–boundary-layer interactions by measuring the response of tunnel wall boundary layers to an incident shock wave. To generate the supersonic flow, these facilities typically use two-dimensional contoured converging–diverging nozzles which can be arranged in two different ways. One configuration is symmetric about the centre height, whereas this symmetry plane defines the tunnel floor in the other asymmetric arrangement. In order to determine whether these nozzle configurations, which are widely thought to be equivalent, can influence experiments on shock–boundary-layer interactions, two different nozzle geometries are compared with one another in a single facility with rectangular cross section. For each setup, a full-span 8-degree wedge introduces an oblique shock to a Mach 2.5 flow. The two setups exhibit quite dissimilar behaviour, both in the corner regions and on the tunnel’s centre span, with a difference in central separation length of as much as 35% suggesting that nozzle geometry can have a profound impact on these interactions. The observed behaviour is caused by known secondary flows in the sidewall boundary layers which are driven by vertical pressure gradients in the nozzle region. The subsequent impact on the response of the floor boundary layer is consistent with expectations based on local flow momentum affecting corner separation size and on the displacement effect of this corner separation influencing the wider flow. Graphical abstract