cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Synchronization by Magnetostriction
Creators: name: Cheng, Jiong
name: Li, Wenlin
name: Li, Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how to utilize magnetostriction to synchronize two mechanical vibration modes in a cavity magnomechanical system. The dispersive magnetostrictive interaction provides necessary nonlinearity required for achieving synchronization. Strong phase correlation between two mechanical oscillators can be established, leading to the synchronization robust against thermal noise. We develop a theoretical framework to analyze the synchronization by solving the constraint conditions of steady-state limit cycles. We determine that the strong cavity-magnon linear coupling can enhance and regulate the synchronization, which offers a new path to modulate synchronization. The work reveals a new mechanism for achieving and modulating synchronization and indicates that cavity magnomechanical systems can be an ideal platform to explore rich synchronization phenomena.
description: Accepted to Phys. Rev. Research
Eleutherodactylus cystignathoides
Creators: name: Jones, Dillon
name: Foshee, Bethany
name: Fitzgerald, Lee
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Amphibia
Anura
Craugastoridae
Eleutherodactylus
Eleutherodactylus cystignathoides

description: Eleutherodactylus cystignathoides (Cope, 1878) Examined material. UNITED STATES • 5 via survey, 3 via iNaturalist; Texas, Harris County, Houston; 29.7700°N, 095.5666°W; first encounter on 20 Jan. 2018; capture via transect survey. Identification. Nonnative species. This small frog is marked by dark lines starting from the nostrils and continuing through the eyes. Although hard to distinguish from Eleutherodactylus marnockii (Cope, 1878), their range does not overlap at this study site and E. cystignathoides is typically darker with a more distinct pattern (Powell et al. 2016).
description: Published as part of Jones, Dillon, Foshee, Bethany & Fitzgerald, Lee, 2021, A herpetological survey of Edith L. Moore Nature Sanctuary, pp. 27-38 in Check List 17 (1) on page 31, DOI: 10.15560/17.1.27
description: {"references": ["Powell R, Conant R, Collins JT (2016) Peterson field guide to reptiles and amphibians of eastern and central North America. Fourth edition. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, New York, 608 pp."]}
Additional file 1 of Degradation of emerald green: scientific studies on multi-polychrome Vairocana Statue in Dazu Rock Carvings, Chongqing, China
Creators: name: Li, Zhimin
name: Wang, Lele
name: Chen, Huili
name: Ma, Qinglin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. OM and BSE images of single-layered paint cross sections. Perceived surface colors of samples: CS2 ∼ 4 blue, CS6 ∼ 8 green, CS9 red, CS12 red, CS14 gold, CS15 black.
Terrapene carolina
Creators: name: Jones, Dillon
name: Foshee, Bethany
name: Fitzgerald, Lee
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Testudines
Emydidae
Terrapene
Terrapene carolina

description: Terrapene carolina (Linnaeus, 1758) Examined material. UNITED STATES • 1 via survey; Texas, Harris County, Houston; 29.7714°N, 095.5701°W; first encounter on 1 Apr. 2018; capture via transect survey. Identification. A primarily terrestrial species with a high domelike shell. A middorsal keel can be seen that may have faded in adults. This species can be identified from aquatic species of turtle by its unwebbed toes and a hinged, movable plastron (Powell et al. 2016).
description: Published as part of Jones, Dillon, Foshee, Bethany & Fitzgerald, Lee, 2021, A herpetological survey of Edith L. Moore Nature Sanctuary, pp. 27-38 in Check List 17 (1) on page 34, DOI: 10.15560/17.1.27
description: {"references": ["Powell R, Conant R, Collins JT (2016) Peterson field guide to reptiles and amphibians of eastern and central North America. Fourth edition. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, New York, 608 pp."]}
GRB980923. A burst with a short duration high energy component
Creators: name: Gonzalez, M. M.
name: Sacahui, J. R.
name: Ramirez, J. L.
name: Patricelli, B.
name: Kaneko, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The prompt emission of Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) is usually well described by the Band function: two power-laws joined smoothly at a given break energy. In addition to the Band component, a few bursts (GRB941017, GRB090510, GRB090902B and GRB090926A) show clear evidence for a distinct high-energy spectral component, which in some cases evolves independently from the prompt keV component and is well described by a power-law (PL), sometimes with a cut-off energy; this component is found to have long duration, even longer than the burst itself for all the four bursts. Here we report the observation of an anomalous short duration high energy component in GRB980923. GRB980923 is one of the brightest Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) observed by BATSE. Its light curve is characterized by a rapid variability phase lasting ~ 40 s, followed by a smooth emission tail lasting ~ 400 s. A detailed joint analysis of BATSE (LAD and SD) and EGRET TASC data of GRB980923 reveles the presence of an anomalous keV to MeV component in the spectrum that evolves independently from the prompt keV one. This component is well described by a PL with a spectral index of -1.44 and lasts only ~ 2 s; it represents one of the three clearly separated spectral components identified in GRB980923, the other two being the keV prompt emission, well described by the Band function and the tail, well fit by a Smoothly Broken Power Law (SBPL).
description: 28 pages, 7 figures, ApJ, accepted
Theodore N. Vail and the Civic Origins of Universal Service
Creators: name: John, Richard R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1999
Subjects: Business
Economic history
Telecommunication
Postal service

description: In 1907, AT&T President Theodore N. Vail proclaimed universal service to be a key corporate goal. The following year, at Vail's prodding, AT&T popularized this goal in a major publicity effort that historian Roland Marchand has termed "the first, the most persistent, and the most celebrated of the large-scale institutional advertising campaigns of the early twentieth century." Over the course of the next decade, Vail himself explored its ramifications in a remarkable series of reports and addresses. Though historians quarrel about precisely what Vail meant by universal service, few doubt its importance. For the next three-quarters of a century, it played a major role in the firm's business strategy and was a central element of its corporate culture. Historical scholarship on universal service has been greatly influenced by the antitrust suit against AT&T that culminated in its breakup in 1984. While this work is often suggestive and revealing, it tends to be far more concerned with the consequences of universal service than with the context out of which it emerged. This paper points the discussion in a different direction.
Additional file 1 of A programmable CRISPR/Cas9-based phage defense system for Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)
Creators: name: Liu, Li
name: Zhao, Dongdong
name: Ye, Lijun
name: Zhan, Tao
name: Xiong, Bin
name: Hu, Muzi
name: Bi, Changhao
name: Zhang, Xueli
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1 Strains used in this study. Table S2 the properties of T7 phage. Table S3 Oligonucleotides used in this study. Figure S1 Agarose gels of cas9. Figure S2 The number of living bacterium. Figure S3 The shake flasks of cultures.
Microscopically Computing Free-energy Profiles and Transition Path Time of Rare Macromolecular Transitions
Creators: name: Faccioli, P.
name: Pederiva, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a rigorous method to microscopically compute the observables which characterize the thermodynamics and kinetics of rare macromolecular transitions for which it is possible to identify a priori a slow reaction coordinate. In order to sample the ensemble of statistically significant reaction pathways, we define a biased molecular dynamics (MD) in which barrier-crossing transitions are accelerated without introducing any unphysical external force. In contrast to other biased MD methods, in the present approach the systematic errors which are generated in order to accelerate the transition can be analytically calculated and therefore can be corrected for. This allows for a computationally efficient reconstruction of the free-energy profile as a function of the reaction coordinate and for the calculation of the corresponding diffusion coefficient. The transition path time can then be readily evaluated within the Dominant Reaction Pathways (DRP) approach. We illustrate and test this method by characterizing a thermally activated transition on a two-dimensional energy surface and the folding of a small protein fragment within a coarse-grained model.
description: Accepted for publication in Physical Review E
Why Institutions Matter
Creators: name: John, Richard R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Historiography
subject: History
subject: Historians
subject: Social sciences
subject: FOS: Social sciences

description: The emergence in the 1990s of a "new" institutionalism in historical writing on the early American republic built on the realization by a small cohort of mostly younger historians that the regnant social and cultural paradigm that had dominated history departments since the 1960s had become unduly confining—a relic, as it were, of a very different age. This shift in historical thinking was energized by a desire to make the history of the United States comprehensible for a generation for whom the passions of the 1960s had been supplanted by a new constellation of concerns. The media, public finance, and the military are but three of many topics that, though of obvious contemporary relevance, were largely ignored by historians of the early republic until quite recently. In turning to such topics, the new-institutional historians have sought to write a history of early America that is more realistic, less sentimental, and more open to international comparisons than the history they remember learning in school or encountered in most of the textbooks taught in introductory college survey courses.
Chironius scurrulus QCAZ
Creators: name: Camper, Jeffrey D.
name: Torres-Carvajal, Omar
name: Ron, Santiago R.
name: Nilsson, Jonas
name: Arteaga, Alejandro
name: Knowles, Travis W.
name: Arbogast, Brian S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Squamata
Colubridae
Chironius
Chironius scurrulus

description: Chironius scurrulus (Wagler, 1824) Material examined. ECUADOR • 1 juvenile; Napo Province, WWS, Lodge; 00.6756°S, 077.6012°W; 1504 m a.s.l.; 11 March 2017; QCAZ 15407. Identification. This species has a color pattern of irregular, reddish-brown splotches on a blackish ground color. They have only 10 dorsal scale rows at midbody. Dorsal scales are smooth, the cloacal plate is undivided, and the ventral edges of the supralabial scales are light colored.
description: Published as part of Camper, Jeffrey D., Torres-Carvajal, Omar, Ron, Santiago R., Nilsson, Jonas, Arteaga, Alejandro, Knowles, Travis W. & Arbogast, Brian S., 2021, Amphibians and reptiles of Wildsumaco Wildlife Sanctuary, Napo Province, Ecuador, pp. 729-751 in Check List 17 (3) on page 743, DOI: 10.15560/17.3.729
Turner, Beard, Chandler: Progressive Historians
Creators: name: John, Richard R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: History
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Historians
subject: Historiography

description: For almost half a century, Alfred D. Chandler Jr. has enjoyed an enviable reputation as the most influential business historian in the world. Even in history departments that have shifted their primary focus from politics and economics to society and culture, Chandler remains required reading. Yet, there is one dimension of his scholarship that has thus far been mostly overlooked. And that is its indebtedness to, and refinement of, the genre of historical writing that we customarily label "progressive," a genre whose most prominent exemplars include Frederick Jackson Turner and Charles A. Beard.
Erythrolamprus aesculapii QCAZ
Creators: name: Camper, Jeffrey D.
name: Torres-Carvajal, Omar
name: Ron, Santiago R.
name: Nilsson, Jonas
name: Arteaga, Alejandro
name: Knowles, Travis W.
name: Arbogast, Brian S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Squamata
Dipsadidae
Erythrolamprus
Erythrolamprus aesculapii

description: Erythrolamprus aesculapii (Linnaeus, 1758) Material examined. ECUADOR • 1 adult female; Napo Province, WWS; 00.6761°S, 077.5993°W, 22 July 2015; QCAZ 14063. Identification. These coral snake mimics have a dorsal pattern of wide red bands bordered by black bands and narrow yellow to whitish bands contained within the black bands. The snout is yellowish, followed by a black band over the eyes, which is then followed by a yellow band behind the eyes. The dorsal scales are in 15 rows; there are 2 secondary temporals, 2 postoculars, 2 pair of genial scales, and the cloacal plate is divided.
description: Published as part of Camper, Jeffrey D., Torres-Carvajal, Omar, Ron, Santiago R., Nilsson, Jonas, Arteaga, Alejandro, Knowles, Travis W. & Arbogast, Brian S., 2021, Amphibians and reptiles of Wildsumaco Wildlife Sanctuary, Napo Province, Ecuador, pp. 729-751 in Check List 17 (3) on page 744, DOI: 10.15560/17.3.729
On the annual modulation signal in dark matter direct detection
Creators: name: Herrero-Garcia, Juan
name: Schwetz, Thomas
name: Zupan, Jure
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive constraints on the annual modulation signal in Dark Matter (DM) direct detection experiments in terms of the unmodulated event rate. A general bound independent of the details of DM distribution follows from the assumption that the motion of the earth around the sun is the only source of time variation. The bound is valid for a very general class of particle physics models and also holds in the presence of an unknown unmodulated background. More stringent bounds are obtained, if modest assumptions on symmetry properties of the DM halo are adopted. We illustrate the bounds by applying them to the annual modulation signals reported by the DAMA and CoGeNT experiments in the framework of spin-independent elastic scattering. While the DAMA signal satisfies our bounds, severe restrictions on the DM mass can be set for CoGeNT.
description: discussion of CoGeNT surface event subtraction added, improved statistical analysis, version to appear in JCAP, 29 pages, 9 figures, 3 appendices
Quadratic estimates for perturbed Dirac type operators on doubling measure metric spaces
Creators: name: Bandara, Lashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47B44

description: We consider perturbations of Dirac type operators on complete, connected metric spaces equipped with a doubling measure. Under a suitable set of assumptions, we prove quadratic estimates for such operators and hence deduce that these operators have a bounded functional calculus. In particular, we deduce a Kato square root type estimate.
description: To appear in Proceedings of the AMSI International Conference on Harmonic Analysis and Applications, Proc. Centre Math. Appl. Austral. Nat. Univ
Translating nano-Hertz gravitational wave background into primordial perturbations taking account of the cosmological QCD phase transition
Creators: name: Abe, Katsuya T.
name: Tada, Yuichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evidence of the nano-Hertz stochastic gravitational wave (GW) background is reported by multiple pulsar timing array collaborations. While a prominent candidate of the origin is astrophysical from supermassive black hole binaries, alternative models involving GWs induced by primordial curvature perturbations can explain the inferred GW spectrum. Serendipitously, the nano-Hertz range coincides with the Hubble scale during the cosmological quantum chromodynamics (QCD) phase transition. The influence of the QCD phase transition can modify the spectrum of induced GWs within the nano-Hertz frequency range, necessitating careful analysis. We estimate GWs induced by power-law power spectra of primordial curvature perturbations taking account of the QCD phase transition. Then we translate the implication of the NANOGrav data into the constraint on the power spectrum of the primordial curvature perturbation, which suggests one would underestimate the amplitude by about $25\%$ and the spectral index by up to $10\%$ if neglecting the QCD effect.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures; v3 matches the published version in PRD Letter, v2 updates the main figure (Fig. 7)
Private Mail Delivery in the United States during the Nineteenth Century: A Sketch
Creators: name: John, Richard R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1986
Subjects: Business
Economic history
Postal service
Government monopolies

description: The post office is an anomaly for business historians. The delivery of mail is a potentially lucrative business that could, at least in theory, be undertaken by private enterprise. Yet historically private postal systems have been not the rule but the exception, and in every major industrial nation today mail delivery is undertaken by a monopoly that is run either directly by the government or, as in the United States, by a quasi-governmental public corporation. Given this state of affairs, one might assume that the recent efforts of private entrepreneurs to break into the mail delivery business are novel departures from time-honored norms. Yet this is only partly true. For while the government has successfully monopolized the mail delivery business in the twentieth century, in the nineteenth century a very different situation prevailed. In this period, private mail delivery firms operated profitably in virtually every major market the government served—and in many additional markets as well. And between 1839 and 1845—the heyday of the private mail delivery boom—private mail delivery firms flourished as they never had before and never would again. This neglected chapter in American communications history—the most serious private-sector challenge the U.S. post office has faced in its two hundred year history—is the subject of this essay.
The environmental history of group and cluster galaxies in a LambdaCDM Universe
Creators: name: De Lucia, Gabriella
name: Weinmann, Simone
name: Poggianti, Bianca
name: Aragon-Salamanca, Alfonso
name: Zaritsky, Dennis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use publicly available galaxy merger trees, obtained applying semi-analytic techniques to a large high resolution cosmological simulation, to study the environmental history of group and cluster galaxies. Our results highlight the existence of an intrinsic history bias which makes the nature versus nurture (as well as the mass versus environment) debate inherently ill posed. In particular we show that: (i) surviving massive satellites were accreted later than their less massive counterparts, from more massive haloes; (ii) the mixing of galaxy populations is incomplete during halo assembly, which creates a correlation between the time a galaxy becomes satellite and its present distance from the parent halo centre. The weakest trends are found for the most massive satellites, as a result of efficient dynamical friction and late formation times of massive haloes. A large fraction of the most massive group/cluster members are accreted onto the main progenitor of the final halo as central galaxies, while about half of the galaxies with low and intermediate stellar mass are accreted as satellites. Large fractions of group and cluster galaxies (in particular those of low stellar mass) have therefore been `pre-processed' as satellites of groups with mass ~10^13 Msun. To quantify the relevance of hierarchical structure growth on the observed environmental trends, we have considered observational estimates of the passive galaxy fractions, and their variation as a function of halo mass and cluster-centric distance. Comparisons with our theoretical predictions require relatively long times (~5-7 Gyr) for the suppression of star formation in group and cluster satellites. [abridged]
description: 18 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Additional file 1 of The efficacy and safety of combined immune checkpoint inhibitors (nivolumab plus ipilimumab): a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Chen, Jingjie
name: Li, Shengnan
name: Yao, Qigu
name: Du, Nannan
name: Fu, Xiaojun
name: Lou, Yuanmei
name: Wang, Mengru
name: Mao, Feiyan
name: Mao, Danyi
name: Khadaroo, Parikshit Asutosh
name: Tang, Yingying
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table. 1. Characteristics of included clinical trials in the meta-analysis.
Erythrolamprus reginae QCAZ
Creators: name: Camper, Jeffrey D.
name: Torres-Carvajal, Omar
name: Ron, Santiago R.
name: Nilsson, Jonas
name: Arteaga, Alejandro
name: Knowles, Travis W.
name: Arbogast, Brian S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Squamata
Dipsadidae
Erythrolamprus
Erythrolamprus reginae

description: Erythrolamprus reginae (Linnaeus, 1758) Material examined. ECUADOR • 1 juvenile; Napo Province, WWS, alive on road near lodge; 00.6756°S, 077.6012°W; 1504 m a.s.l.; 25 July 2014; QCAZ 12808 • 1 adult; Napo Province, WWS, pasture across road from WBS; 00.6716°S, 077.5993°W; 27 July 2014; QCAZ 12811. Identification. Adults have a reticulate dorsal pattern with black speckles on a green to gray ground color. The ventrals are black and yellow, but there is no black on the subcaudals. There are 17 rows of smooth dorsal scales at midbody, 1 preocular, 8 or 9 supralabials, and a divided cloacal plate. Ventral scales are <150, and there are 55– 78 subcaudals. Habitat. One juvenile specimen was found crossing the road during the day in secondary forest and an adult was found in a pasture.
description: Published as part of Camper, Jeffrey D., Torres-Carvajal, Omar, Ron, Santiago R., Nilsson, Jonas, Arteaga, Alejandro, Knowles, Travis W. & Arbogast, Brian S., 2021, Amphibians and reptiles of Wildsumaco Wildlife Sanctuary, Napo Province, Ecuador, pp. 729-751 in Check List 17 (3) on page 744, DOI: 10.15560/17.3.729
Full counting statistics of weak measurement
Creators: name: Di Lorenzo, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A weak measurement consists in coupling a system to a probe in such a way that constructive interference generates a large output. So far, only the average output of the probe and its variance were studied. Here, the characteristic function for the moments of the output is provided. The outputs considered are not limited to the eigenstates of the pointer or of its conjugate variable, so that the results apply to any observable $\Hat{o}$ of the probe. Furthermore, a family of well behaved complex quantities, the normal weak values, is introduced, in terms of which the statistics of the weak measurement can be described. It is shown that, within a good approximation, the whole statistics of weak measurement is described by a complex parameter, the weak value, and a real one.
description: Expanded version: 9 pages, 3 Figs. Now the validity of the expansion for the moments is analysed. Introduced a one-parameter family of weak values, useful to express the correct characteristic function. More figures added. Thanks to Referee C of PRL for asking stimulating questions
All-optical free-space routing of upconverted light by metasurfaces via nonlinear interferometry
Creators: name: Di Francescantonio, Agostino
name: Zilli, Attilio
name: Rocco, Davide
name: Coudrat, Laure
name: Conti, Fabrizio
name: Biagioni, Paolo
name: Duò, Lamberto
name: Lemaître, Aristide
name: De Angelis, Costantino
name: Leo, Giuseppe
name: Finazzi, Marco
name: Celebrano, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: All-optical modulation yields the promise of high-speed information processing. In this frame, metasurfaces are rapidly gaining traction as ultrathin multifunctional platforms for light management. Among the featured functionalities, they enable light wavefront manipulation and, more recently, demonstrated the ability to perform light-by-light manipulation through nonlinear optical processes. Here, by employing a nonlinear periodic metasurface, we demonstrate all-optical routing of telecom photons upconverted to the visible range. This is achieved via the interference between two frequency-degenerate upconversion processes, namely third-harmonic and sum-frequency generation, stemming from the interaction of a pump pulse with its frequency-doubled replica. By tuning the relative phase and polarization between these two pump beams, and concurrently engineering the nonlinear emission of the individual elements of the metasurfaces (meta-atoms) along with its pitch, we route the upconverted signal among the diffraction orders of the metasurface with a modulation efficiency up to 90%. Thanks to the phase control and the ultrafast dynamics of the underlying nonlinear processes, free-space all-optical routing could be potentially performed at rates close to the employed optical frequencies divided by the quality factor of the optical resonances at play. Our approach adds a further twist to optical interferometry, which is a key-enabling technique in a wide range of applications, such as homodyne detection, radar interferometry, LiDAR technology, gravitational waves detection, and molecular photometry. In particular, the nonlinear character of light upconversion combined with phase sensitivity is extremely appealing for enhanced imaging and biosensing.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures
Understanding the functional of SAM and SH3 domain containing adaptor protein 1, SASH1
Creators: name: Hussainkhel, Angela
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: TLR4 is the most extensively studied of TLR pathways in innate immune signaling that provides the first line of defense against invading pathogens. SASH1, a large protein composed of SAM and SH3 domain, is a novel positive regulator of the pathway in endothelial cells. SASH1 acts as a scaffold protein in the TLR4 pathway by independently binding TRAF6/TAK1/ IKKβ/IKKα and regulating TRAF6 and TAK1 ubiquitination leading to LPS-induced activation of NF-κB resulting in production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. To investigate SASH1 in vivo function, SASH1 gene-trap mice were generated. These mice have a β-galactosidase reportor construct inserted into intron 14-15 resulting in a truncation of the SH3 domain, and thereby loss of the two SAM domains and TRAF6 binding motif. However, SASH1 gene-trap mice do not provide any viable homozygous adults . X-gal staining of the heterozygous SASH1 adult tissues demonstrated SASH1 transcripts to be predominantly expressed in microvascular endothelium. This thesis is the continuation of the above findings to further characterize the role of SASH1 in vitro and in vivo. Work presented here confirms the role of SASH1 as a positive regulator of the TLR4 pathway by promoting activation of NF-κB. SASH1 does not interact with the E2 ligases and IKKγ. These results further elucidate a model for SASH1 in the TLR4 pathway where the E2 ligases and IKKγ are incorporated into a complex through interaction with proteins that are assembled by SASH1 to promote the downstream signaling. SASH1 homozygous gene-trap mice die in the perinatal period and preliminary analysis shows the lung as the potential organ being affected by SASH1 disruption. Homozygous gene-trap lungs appear deflated, sink in PBS and have smaller airways compared to wild-type control. However, morphometric analysis of the lung is still required to conclusively define a lung defect. In addition, I generated SASH1-floxed embryonic stem cells to be used for generating mice with a conditionally targeted allele of SASH1 in endothelial cells to study the role of SASH1 in the endothelial response to LPS in TLR4 signaling in vivo, hence contributing to the field of innate immune signaling.
The Cardy-Cartan modular invariant
Creators: name: Fuchs, Jurgen
name: Schweigert, Christoph
name: Stigner, Carl
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Using factorizable Hopf algebras, we construct modular invariant partition functions of charge conjugation, or Cardy, type as characters of coends in categories that share essential features with the ones appearing in logarithmic CFT. The coefficients of such a partition function are given by the Cartan matrix of the theory.
description: extended version of a contribution to the Maximilian Kreuzer Memorial Volume. v2: typos corrected
Recasting the Information Infrastructure for the Industrial Age
Creators: name: John, Richard R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2000
Subjects: History
Telecommunication--Technological innovations
Communication and technology
Information science
Information literacy

description: It is one of the themes of this chapter that the speed with which it was theoretically possible to convey information from place to place—by, say, stagecoach, railroad, telegraph, or telephone—was merely one dimension of a complex social process. In part, this is because the transmission of information involved then—as it does now—not only its conveyance but also its routing. Indeed, for many information users, the speed with which information was transmitted might well have been less valued than its cost and accessibility, and the regularity and reliability with which it was conveyed.
The Political Economy of Postal Reform in the Victorian Age
Creators: name: John, Richard R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Postal service
Communication and technology
History
Economics

description: The origins, character, and legacy of the campaigns for cheap postage in Great Britain and the United States raise a number of questions that are worthy of careful historical scrutiny. Who supported these campaigns? What was their rationale? What were their consequences for public and private life? These are large questions, and ones that this essay cannot possibly answer in a definitive way. Yet they are worth posing, since their answers provide a context for understanding later innovations in communications that ranged from the rise of commercial broadcasting to the commercialization of the internet.
Additional file 1 of Fine-scale succession patterns and assembly mechanisms of bacterial community of Litopenaeus vannamei larvae across the developmental cycle
Creators: name: Wang, Yanting
name: Wang, Kai
name: Huang, Lei
name: Dong, Pengsheng
name: Wang, Sipeng
name: Chen, Heping
name: Lu, Zheng
name: Hou, Dandi
name: Zhang, Demin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Pairwise similarity test of bacterial communities between larval shrimp developmental stages. Table S2. Analysis of Similarity (ANOSIM) testing the differences between larval shrimp and rearing water bacterial communities.
Constraints on Low-Mass WIMP Interactions on 19F from PICASSO
Creators: name: The PICASSO Collaboration
name: Archambault, S.
name: Behnke, E.
name: Bhattacharjee, P.
name: Bhattacharya, S.
name: Dai, X.
name: Das, M.
name: Davour, A.
name: Debris, F.
name: Dhungana, N.
name: Farine, J.
name: Gagnebin, S.
name: Giroux, G.
name: Grace, E.
name: Jackson, C. M.
name: Kamaha, A.
name: Krauss, C.
name: Kumaratunga, S.
name: Lafrenière, M.
name: Laurin, M.
name: Lawson, I.
name: Lessard, L.
name: Levine, I.
name: Levy, C.
name: MacDonald, R. P.
name: Marlisov, D.
name: Martin, J. -P.
name: Mitra, P.
name: Noble, A. J.
name: Piro, M. -C.
name: Podviyanuk, R.
name: Pospisil, S.
name: Saha, S.
name: Scallon, O.
name: Seth, S.
name: Starinski, N.
name: Stekl, I.
name: Wichoski, U.
name: Xie, T.
name: Zacek, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent results from the PICASSO dark matter search experiment at SNOLAB are reported. These results were obtained using a subset of 10 detectors with a total target mass of 0.72 kg of 19F and an exposure of 114 kgd. The low backgrounds in PICASSO allow recoil energy thresholds as low as 1.7 keV to be obtained which results in an increased sensitivity to interactions from Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) with masses below 10 GeV/c^2. No dark matter signal was found. Best exclusion limits in the spin dependent sector were obtained for WIMP masses of 20 GeV/c^2 with a cross section on protons of sigma_p^SD = 0.032 pb (90% C.L.). In the spin independent sector close to the low mass region of 7 GeV/c2 favoured by CoGeNT and DAMA/LIBRA, cross sections larger than sigma_p^SI = 1.41x10^-4 pb (90% C.L.) are excluded.
description: 23 pages, 7 figures, to be published in Phys. Lett. B
Large Deviations Beyond the Kibble-Zurek Mechanism
Creators: name: Balducci, Federico
name: Beau, Mathieu
name: Yang, Jing
name: Gambassi, Andrea
name: del Campo, Adolfo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Kibble-Zurek mechanism (KZM) predicts that the average number of topological defects generated upon crossing a continuous or quantum phase transition obeys a universal scaling law with the quench time. Fluctuations in the defect number near equilibrium are approximately of Gaussian form, in agreement with the central limit theorem. Using large deviations theory, we characterize the universality of fluctuations beyond the KZM and report the exact form of the rate function in the transverse-field quantum Ising model. In addition, we characterize the scaling of large deviations in an arbitrary continuous phase transition, building on recent evidence establishing the universality of the defect number distribution.
description: 6+6 pages, 1+2 figures
Limnonectes blythii
Creators: name: Zijia, Hong
name: Anuar, Shahrul
name: Grismer, L. Lee
name: Quah, Evan S. H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Amphibia
Anura
Dicroglossidae
Limnonectes
Limnonectes blythii

description: Limnonectes blythii (Boulenger, 1920) Figure 3D Materials examined. MALAYSIA – Kedah • Batu Hampar Recreational Forest; 05.1966°N, 100.5827°E; 40 m a.s.l.; 23.IX.2018; Evan S. H. Quah, Hong Zijia leg.; 1 ♀, USMHC 2440, 1 ♂, USMHC 2441. Identification and natural history. One adult female (USMHC 2440, SVL 68 mm) and one adult male (USMHC 2441, SVL 78 mm) matched Grismer’s (2011a) description in having stout bodies; thick and stocky limbs; broad head rounding off into a pointed snout; moderate eyes; distinct tympanum 1/4–2/3 diameter of eye; toes fully webbed; low tubercles scattered on the generally smooth skin; brown bands on lip; a supratympanic fold; dark brown dorsum and lighter venter. Both specimens were found along stream by trail at night.
description: Published as part of Zijia, Hong, Anuar, Shahrul, Grismer, L. Lee & Quah, Evan S. H., 2021, Preliminary report on the herpetofaunal diversity of Batu Hampar Recreational Forest, Kedah, Malaysia, pp. 791-814 in Check List 17 (3) on page 794, DOI: 10.15560/17.3.791
description: {"references": ["Boulenger GA (1920) A monograph of the South Asian, Papuan, Melanesian, and Australian frogs of the genus Rana. Records of the Indian Museum 20: 1 - 226.", "Grismer LL (2011 a) Field Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of the Seribuat Archipelago, Peninsular Malaysia. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, 258 pp."]}
Revisiting Computer-Aided Tuberculosis Diagnosis
Creators: name: Liu, Yun
name: Wu, Yu-Huan
name: Zhang, Shi-Chen
name: Liu, Li
name: Wu, Min
name: Cheng, Ming-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health threat, causing millions of deaths annually. Although early diagnosis and treatment can greatly improve the chances of survival, it remains a major challenge, especially in developing countries. Recently, computer-aided tuberculosis diagnosis (CTD) using deep learning has shown promise, but progress is hindered by limited training data. To address this, we establish a large-scale dataset, namely the Tuberculosis X-ray (TBX11K) dataset, which contains 11,200 chest X-ray (CXR) images with corresponding bounding box annotations for TB areas. This dataset enables the training of sophisticated detectors for high-quality CTD. Furthermore, we propose a strong baseline, SymFormer, for simultaneous CXR image classification and TB infection area detection. SymFormer incorporates Symmetric Search Attention (SymAttention) to tackle the bilateral symmetry property of CXR images for learning discriminative features. Since CXR images may not strictly adhere to the bilateral symmetry property, we also propose Symmetric Positional Encoding (SPE) to facilitate SymAttention through feature recalibration. To promote future research on CTD, we build a benchmark by introducing evaluation metrics, evaluating baseline models reformed from existing detectors, and running an online challenge. Experiments show that SymFormer achieves state-of-the-art performance on the TBX11K dataset. The data, code, and models will be released at https://github.com/yun-liu/Tuberculosis.
description: Accepted by IEEE TPAMI; 17 pages
Proprietary Interest: Merchants, Journalists, and Antimonopoly in the 1880s
Creators: name: John, Richard R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Journalists
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Press
subject: Monopolies
subject: Merchants

description: It has long been conventional for historians to trace the late nineteenth-century antimonopoly movement to the grievances of farmers and laborers outraged by the excesses of big business, making it, as it were, the latest installment in a perennial contest between the many and the few. This oft-told story is not entirely mistaken. Farm and labor publications had lambasted railroad corporations since at least the 1870s. Yet it is oversimplified and in certain factual details misleading. This essay surveys how an earlier generation of Americans thought about monopoly, what it proposed to do about it, and why its assault upon big business took the form that it did.
Taking Sabbatarianism Seriously: The Postal System, the Sabbath, and the Transformation of American Political Culture
Creators: name: John, Richard R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1990
Subjects: subject: History
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Religion and politics
subject: Postal service
subject: Sabbatarians

description: Between 1810 and 1830, thousands of Americans joined in a moral crusade to protest the complicity of the federal government in a practice they deemed offensive to God. The protesters were Sabbatarians, and their goal was to prevent the federal government from desecrating the Sabbath by requiring that the mails be transported and the post offices open to the public seven days a week. This essay seeks to restore Sabbatarianism to its rightful place in the history of American political culture. To understand why so many Americans objected to the Sabbath mails, one must take their protest seriously as a reform movement, paying close attention to its origins, to the protesters' grievance, and to the political, economic, and cultural setting within which it occurred.
Eusemion Dahlbom 1857
Creators: name: Noyes, John Stuart
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Encyrtidae
Eusemion

description: Key to Costa Rican species of Eusemion
 (Females)
 1. Body generally dull metallic green; frontovertex about one-third head width with piliferous punctures shallow, relatively indistinct and generally separated by more than their own diameters; ocelli forming an angle of about 90°; fore wing (Fig. 1253) with parastigma clearly downcurved and swollen, triangular................................................................................................................. monos sp.nov. (p. 500)
 - Body largely orange-brown with a slight metallic sheen, frontovertex usually with a relatively strong metallic green and purple sheen; frontovertex (Fig. 1260) less than one-quarter head width with piliferous punctures conspicuous, generally separated by less than their own diameters giving it an appearance like the surface of a thimble; ocelli forming an angle of less than 60°; fore wing (Fig. 1255) with parastigma not downcurved and hardly swollen............ themisto sp.nov. (p. 502)
description: Published as part of Noyes, John Stuart, 2023, ENCYRTIDAE OF COSTA RICA (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA), 4 Subfamily Encyrtinae: tribes Arrhenophagini, Habrolepidini, Cerapterocerini, Cheiloneurini, Trechnitini, Cercobelini, Polaszekiini, Protyndarichoidini, Gahaniellini and Syrphophagini (part), mainly primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids of Coccoidea and Psylloidea (Hemiptera), pp. 1-921 in Taxonomic Monographs on Neotropical Hymenoptera (Oxford, England) (Oxford, England) 2 (11) on page 500, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8074943
Genomic patterns of divergence and gene flow in Drosophila and Goodeidae
Creators: name: Yusuf, Leeban
Publisher: name: The University of St Andrews
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genomics
subject: Speciation
subject: Introgression
subject: Divergence
subject: QH447.Y8
subject: Genomic
subject: Species
subject: Divergence (Biology)
subject: Goodeidae--Genetics

description: Understanding the impact of the presence or absence of geographic barriers on speciation has been a source of enduring interest in evolutionary biology. The degree of geographical isolation and the prevalence of gene flow during divergence may often determine the rate of reproductive isolation and the relative importance of other evolutionary forces. In this thesis, I use comparative genomic approaches to ask how frequent gene flow is, understand the contributions of ancient and recent gene flow to divergence, and finally, examine how patterns of genetic divergence between closely-related species are affected by geography and gene flow in two different systems: Drosophila and Splitfins (Goodeidae). I investigate the evolutionary history of divergence in the virilis group of Drosophila using de novo whole-genome sequences. I show that ancient and recent gene flow is common complicating phylogenetic inference and confounding levels of genetic divergence on the X chromosome across species pairs in the group. Next, I test whether gene flow is common across 96 species pairs in Drosophila. Using model-based inference from whole-genome data, I demonstrate that both allopatric and sympatric species pairs in Drosophila show similar support for models of speciation-with-gene-flow. Additionally, using inferred migration and divergence time estimates for species pairs across Drosophila, I show that evidence for reinforcement is mixed. In the final two chapters, I examined patterns of divergence and gene flow in Goodeidae. Using whole-genome sequences and de novo assemblies, I show that divergence of Goodeidae occurred rapidly, alongside consistent fluctuations in population size and limited ancient gene flow. Finally, I employ a broad comparative genomic approach using 21 genomes across Cyprinodontiformes to identify signatures of molecular convergence and positive selection linked to the evolution of viviparity in Goodeidae and Poecilidae. Altogether, this thesis demonstrates that complex speciation histories with gene flow are the rule rather than the exception.
Prediction of short stellar activity cycles using derived and established empirical relations between activity and rotation periods
Creators: name: Althukair, A. k.
name: Tsiklauri, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In our previous work, we investigated the occurrence rate of super-flares on various types of stars and their statistical properties, with a particular focus on G-type dwarfs, using entire Kepler data. The said study also considered how the statistics change with stellar rotation period, which in turn, had to be determined. Using such new data, as a by-product, we found 138 Kepler IDs of F and G types main sequence stars with rotation periods less than a day ($P_{\rm rot}<1$ d). On one hand, previous studies have revealed short activity cycles in F-type and G-type stars and the question investigated was whether or not short-term activity cycles are a common phenomenon in these stars. On the other hand, extensive studies exist which establish empirical connection between a star's activity cycle and rotation periods. In this study, we compile all available Kepler data with $P_{\rm rot}<1$ d, derive and use, established empirical relation between $P_{\rm cyc}$ and $P_{\rm rot}$ with the aim to provide predictions for very short $5.09\leq P_{\rm cyc}\leq 38.46$ d cases in a tabular form. We propose an observation to measure $P_{\rm cyc}$ using monitoring program of stellar activity (e.g. activity-related chromospheric emission S-index) or similar means for the Kepler IDs found in this study in order put to test the derived here empirical relations between $P_{\rm cyc}$ and $P_{\rm rot}$. We also propose an alternative method for measuring very short $P_{\rm cyc}$, using flare-detection algorithms applied to future space mission data.
description: The final, accepted for publication version in Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics (2023)