cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Effective su_q(2) models and polynomial algebras for fermion-boson Hamiltonians
Creators: name: Ballesteros, Angel
name: Civitarese, Osvaldo
name: Herranz, Francisco J.
name: Reboiro, Marta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Schematic su(2)+h3 interaction Hamiltonians, where su(2) plays the role of the pseudo-spin algebra of fermion operators and h3 is the Heisenberg algebra for bosons, are shown to be closely related to certain nonlinear models defined on a single quantum algebra q-su(2) of quasifermions. In particular, q-su(2) analogues of the Da Providencia-Schutte and extended Lipkin models are presented. The connection between q and the physical parameters of the fermion-boson system is analysed, and the integrability properties of the interaction Hamiltonians are discussed by using polynomial algebras.
description: 15 pages
Entanglement island, miracle operators and the firewall
Creators: name: Qi, Xiao-Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we obtain some general results on information retrieval from the black hole interior, based on the recent progress on quantum extremal surface formula and entanglement island. We study an AdS black hole coupled to a bath with generic dynamics, and ask whether it is possible to retrieve information about a small perturbation in the interior from the bath system. We derive a state reconstruction formula based on one norm. However, we show that a contradiction arises if we apply this result to a special situation when the bath dynamics includes a unitary operation that carries a particular measurement to a region $A$ and send the result to another region $W$. Physically, the contradiction arises between transferability of classical information during the measurement, and non-transferability of quantum information which determines the entanglement island. We propose that the resolution of the contradiction is to realize that the state reconstruction formula does not apply to the special situation involving interior-information-retrieving measurements. This implies that the assumption of smooth replica AdS geometry with boundary condition set by the flat space bath has to break down when the particular measurement operator is applied to the bath. Using replica trick, we introduce an explicitly construction of such operator, which we name as "miracle operators". From this construction we see that the smooth replica geometry assumption breaks down because we have to introduce extra replica wormholes connecting with the "simulated blackholes" introduced by the miracle operator. We study the implication of miracle operators in understanding the firewall paradox.
description: 21 pages, 7 figures, final published version
Critical properties of spherically symmetric accretion in a fractal medium
Creators: name: Roy, Nirupam
name: Ray, Arnab K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spherically symmetric transonic accretion of a fractal medium has been studied in both the stationary and the dynamic regimes. The stationary transonic solution is greatly sensitive to infinitesimal deviations in the outer boundary condition, but the flow becomes transonic and stable, when its evolution is followed through time. The evolution towards transonicity is more pronounced for a fractal medium than what is it for a continuum. The dynamic approach also shows that there is a remarkable closeness between an equation of motion for a perturbation in the flow, and the metric of an analogue acoustic black hole. The stationary inflow solutions of a fractal medium are as much stable under the influence of linearised perturbations, as they are for the fluid continuum.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS. The definitive version is available at http://www.blackwell-synergy.com
Sterile neutrino dark matter in a U(1) extension of the standard model
Creators: name: Iwamoto, Sho
name: Seller, Károly
name: Trócsányi, Zoltán
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the parameter space of a U(1) extension of the standard model -- also called the super-weak model -- from the point of view of explaining the observed dark matter energy density in the Universe. The new particle spectrum contains a complex scalar singlet and three right-handed neutrinos, among which the lightest one is the dark matter candidate. We explore both freeze-in and freeze-out mechanisms of dark matter production. In both cases, we find regions in the plane of the super-weak coupling vs. the mass of the new gauge boson that are not excluded by current experimental constraints. These regions are distinct and the one for freeze-out will be explored in searches for neutral gauge boson in the near future.
description: v1: 26 pages, 7 figures; v2: 29 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in JCAP
Excited-state OH Mainline Masers in AU Geminorum and NML Cygni
Creators: name: Sjouwerman, Lorant O.
name: Fish, Vincent L.
name: Claussen, Mark J.
name: Pihlstroem, Ylva M.
name: Zschaechner, Laura K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Excited-state OH maser emission has previously been reported in the circumstellar envelopes of only two evolved stars: the Mira star AU Geminorum and the hypergiant NML Cygni. We present Very Large Array (VLA) observations of the 1665, 1667, and excited-state 4750 MHz mainline OH transitions in AU Gem and Expanded Very Large Array (EVLA) observations of the excited-state 6030 and 6035 MHz OH mainline transitions in NML Cyg. We detect masers in both mainline transitions in AU Gem but no excited-state emission in either star. We conclude that the excited-state OH emission in AU Gem is either a transient phenomenon (such as for NML Cyg outlined below), or possibly an artifact in the data, and that the excited state OH emission in NML Cyg was generated by an episode of enhanced shock between the stellar mass-loss and an outflow of the Cyg OB2 association. With these single exceptions, it therefore appears that excited-state OH emission indeed should not be predicted nor observable in evolved stars as part of their normal structure or evolution.
description: ApJ Letter, accepted, 4 pages, 2 figures
Poking Holes: Looking for Gaps in LIGO/Virgo's Black Hole Population
Creators: name: Edelman, Bruce
name: Doctor, Zoheyr
name: Farr, Ben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stellar evolution models predict the existence of a gap in the black hole mass spectrum from $\sim55 M_\odot - 120 M_\odot$ due to pair-instability supernovae (PISNe). We investigate the possible existence of such an "upper" mass gap in the second gravitational wave transient catalog (GWTC-2) by hierarchically modeling the astrophysical distribution of black hole masses. We extend the Truncated and Powerlaw+Peak mass distribution families to allow for an explicit gap in the mass distribution, and apply the extended models to GWTC-2. We find that with the Truncated model there is mild evidence favoring an upper mass gap with log Bayes Factor $\ln \mathcal{B} = 2.79$, inferring the lower and upper bounds at $56.12_{-4.38}^{+7.54} M_\odot$, and $103.74_{-6.32}^{+17.01} M_\odot$ respectively. When using the Powerlaw+Peak model, we find no preference for the gap. When imposing tighter priors on the gap bounds centered on the expected PISN gap bounds, the log Bayes factors in favor of a gap mildly increase. These results are however contingent on the parameter inference for the most massive binary, GW190521, for which follow up analyses showed the source may be an intermediate mass ratio merger that has component masses straddling the gap. Using the GW190521 posterior samples from the analysis in Nitz & Capano (2021), we find an increase in Bayes factors in favor of the gap. However, the overall conclusions are unchanged: There is no preference for a gap when using the Powerlaw+Peak model. This work paves the way for constraining the physics of pair-instability and pulsational pair-instability supernovae and high-mass black hole formation.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
Dynamics of Quantum Dot Nuclear Spin Polarization Controlled by a Single Electron
Creators: name: Maletinsky, P.
name: Badolato, A.
name: Imamoglu, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an experimental study of the dynamics underlying the buildup and decay of dynamical nuclear spin polarization in a single semiconductor quantum dot. Our experiment shows that the nuclei can be polarized on a time scale of a few milliseconds, while their decay dynamics depends drastically on external parameters. We show that a single electron can very efficiently depolarize the nuclear spins and discuss two processes that can cause this depolarization. Conversely, in the absence of a quantum dot electron, the lifetime of nuclear spin polarization is on the time scale of a second, most likely limited by the non-secular terms of the nuclear dipole-dipole interaction. We can further suppress this depolarization rate by 1-2 orders of magnitude by applying an external magnetic field exceeding 1 mT.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
ПРАВО ПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ЗЕМЛЕЙ, ЕГО ПОРЯДОК ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ И ОТКАЗА
Creators: name: Карабаева, Зумрат
name: Туйчиева, Мадина
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Земля является общенациональным богатством, подлежит рациональному использованию и охраняется государством как основа жизни, деятельности и благосостояния народа Республики Узбекистан. Основными задачами земельного законодательства являются регулирование земельных отношений в целях обеспечения в интересах настоящего и будущих поколений научно обоснованного, рационального использования и охраны земель, воспроизводства и повышения плодородия почв, сохранения и улучшения природной среды, создания условий для равноправного развития всех форм хозяйствования, охраны прав юридических и физических лиц на земельные участки, а также укрепление законности в этой сфере, в том числе путем предупреждения коррупционных правонарушений.
Flow instabilities of magnetic flux tubes II. Longitudinal flow
Creators: name: Holzwarth, V.
name: Schmitt, D.
name: Schuessler, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Flow-induced instabilities are relevant for the storage and dynamics of magnetic fields in stellar convection zones and possibly also in other astrophysical contexts. We continue the study started in the first paper of this series by considering the stability properties of longitudinal flows along magnetic flux tubes. A linear stability analysis was carried out to determine criteria for the onset of instability in the framework of the approximation of thin magnetic flux tubes. In the non-dissipative case, we find Kelvin-Helmholtz instability for flow velocities exceeding a critical speed that depends on the Alfv{é}n speed and on the ratio of the internal and external densities. Inclusion of a friction term proportional to the relative transverse velocity leads to a friction-driven instability connected with backward (or negative energy) waves. We discuss the physical nature of this instability. In the case of a stratified external medium, the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability and the friction-driven instability can set in for flow speeds significantly lower than the Alfv{é}n speed. Dissipative effects can excite flow-driven instability below the thresholds for the Kelvin-Helmholtz and the undulatory (Parker-type) instabilities. This may be important for magnetic flux storage in stellar convection zones and for the stability of astrophysical jets.
description: accepted by Astronomy & Astrophysics
Multi-Task, Multi-Domain Deep Segmentation with Shared Representations and Contrastive Regularization for Sparse Pediatric Datasets
Creators: name: Boutillon, Arnaud
name: Conze, Pierre-Henri
name: Pons, Christelle
name: Burdin, Valérie
name: Borotikar, Bhushan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Automatic segmentation of magnetic resonance (MR) images is crucial for morphological evaluation of the pediatric musculoskeletal system in clinical practice. However, the accuracy and generalization performance of individual segmentation models are limited due to the restricted amount of annotated pediatric data. Hence, we propose to train a segmentation model on multiple datasets, arising from different parts of the anatomy, in a multi-task and multi-domain learning framework. This approach allows to overcome the inherent scarcity of pediatric data while benefiting from a more robust shared representation. The proposed segmentation network comprises shared convolutional filters, domain-specific batch normalization parameters that compute the respective dataset statistics and a domain-specific segmentation layer. Furthermore, a supervised contrastive regularization is integrated to further improve generalization capabilities, by promoting intra-domain similarity and impose inter-domain margins in embedded space. We evaluate our contributions on two pediatric imaging datasets of the ankle and shoulder joints for bone segmentation. Results demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art approaches.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables, accepted at the 24th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention (MICCAI 2021)
Explanations in hybrid expert systems
Creators: name: Scott, Lawrence Gill
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This thesis addresses the problem of providing explanations for expert systems implemented in a shell that supports a hybrid knowledge representation architecture. Hybrid representations combine rules and frames and are the predominant architecture in intermediate and high-end commercial expert system shells. The main point of the thesis is that frames can be endowed with explanation capabilities on a par with rules. The point is illustrated by a partial specification for an expert system shell and sample explanations which could be generated by an expert system coded to that specification. As background information, the thesis introduces expert systems and the standard knowledge representation schemes that support them: rule-only schemes, and hybrid schemes that combine rules with frames. Explanations for expert systems are introduced in the context of rules, since rules are the only representation for which explanations are supported, either in commercial tools or in the preponderance of research. The problem addressed by the thesis, how to produce explanations for hybrid architectures, is analyzed in two dimensions. Research was surveyed in three areas for guiding principles toward solving the problem: frame logic, metalevel architectures, and reflective architectures. With the few principles that were discovered in hand, the problem is then analyzed into a small number of subproblems, mainly concerning high-level architectural decisions. The solution proposed to the problem is described in two ways. First a partial specification for expert system shell functionality is offered, which describes, first, object structures and, then, behaviors at three points in time—object compilation time, execution time, and explanation generation time. The second component of the description is a set of extended examples which illustrate explanation generation in a hypothetical expert system. The solution adopts principles of reflective architectures, storing metainformation for explanations in metaobjects which are distinct from the object-level objects they explain. The most novel contribution of the solution is a scheme for relating all the ways that objects' slot values may be computed to the goal tree construct introduced by the seminal Mycin expert system. The final chapter explores potential problems with the solution and the possibility of producing better explanations for hybrid expert system shell architectures.
Supplementary information from A demographic assessment of the Lansing Effect in duckweed (Lemna turionifera Landolt)
Creators: name: Dutt, Priyanka
name: Laird, Robert
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 310399
subject: Ecology not elsewhere classified

description: Supplemental Appendices S1-S4, Supplemental Tables S1-S3, and Supplemental Figures S1-S3
Interactive Small-Step Algorithms II: Abstract State Machines and the
 Characterization Theorem
Creators: name: Blass, Andreas
name: Gurevich, Yuri
name: Rosenzweig, Dean
name: Rossman, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.1.1; F.1.2; F.3.1

description: In earlier work, the Abstract State Machine Thesis -- that arbitrary algorithms are behaviorally equivalent to abstract state machines -- was established for several classes of algorithms, including ordinary, interactive, small-step algorithms. This was accomplished on the basis of axiomatizations of these classes of algorithms. In Part I (Interactive Small-Step Algorithms I: Axiomatization), the axiomatization was extended to cover interactive small-step algorithms that are not necessarily ordinary. This means that the algorithms (1) can complete a step without necessarily waiting for replies to all queries from that step and (2) can use not only the environment's replies but also the order in which the replies were received. In order to prove the thesis for algorithms of this generality, we extend here the definition of abstract state machines to incorporate explicit attention to the relative timing of replies and to the possible absence of replies. We prove the characterization theorem for extended abstract state machines with respect to general algorithms as axiomatized in Part I.
Mid-field woodlots as an example of active nature conservation in "Mierzeja Wiślana" Landscape Park
Creators: name: Bulak, J.
name: Woch, W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: mid-field woodlots
Żuławy Wiślane

description: Artykuł opisuje historię zakładania zadrzewień na obszarze Żuław Wiślanych, ich rolę oraz przedstawia działania w zakresie sadzenia drzew, prowadzone przez pracowników Parku Krajobrazowego Mierzeja Wiślana.
Blastn query result against the coelacanth reference database from Enhancing African coelacanth monitoring using environmental DNA
Creators: name: Oliver, Jody-Carynn
name: Shum, Peter
name: Mariani, Stefano
name: Sink, Kerry
name: Palmer, Ryan
name: Matcher, Gwynneth
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 310399
subject: Ecology not elsewhere classified

description: Table S2. Blastn query sequence read match per biological sample against the Latimeria chalumnae reference database.
Taxonomic assignment of OTU for samples that contained coelacanth DNA from Enhancing African coelacanth monitoring using environmental DNA
Creators: name: Oliver, Jody-Carynn
name: Shum, Peter
name: Mariani, Stefano
name: Sink, Kerry
name: Palmer, Ryan
name: Matcher, Gwynneth
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 310399
subject: Ecology not elsewhere classified

description: Table S1. Taxonomic assignment of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) for samples that contained coelacanth DNA (DCN009, DCN010 and DCN_CTD5 replicate 3). Sequence datasets were curated into OTUs at a distance of 0.03, the median representative sequence for each OTU was then subjected to blast analysis against the NCBI nr/nt database.
An organizational communication protocol based on speech acts : design, verification and formal specifications
Creators: name: Zeng, Tao
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Current technologies are not sufficient to support the full spectrum of organizational communications because organizations are open systems and organizational communication is rather complex (e.g., involves negotiations). Speech Acts is a branch of Linguistics which views speaking to be the same as acting. Recently, Speech Acts theory has been introduced into the design of computer systems, like organizational information systems (OISs), that require complex interactions among themselves. By doing so, it is hoped that actions can be incorporated into man-machine and machine-machine communications. In this thesis, one tractable portion of the speech act theory was identified which can provide a basis for the automation of a class of semi-structured communications (e.g., simple negotiations) in a distributed organizational environment. This portion of rather abstract Linguistics theory was transformed into a concrete application layer communication protocol (namely, the SACT protocol), which was then validated using a protocol validation tool (i.e., VALIRA), specified in a standard formal specification language LOTOS, and simulated using a protocol development toolkit (i.e., the Ottawa University LOTOS Toolkit). This protocol can be used by computer-based organizational systems to automate simple negotiations, as well as recurring tasks of collecting information in an organizational environment. In addition, a communication scheme (called SACT network) was added to the Woo and Lochovsky's MOAP (Micro Organization Activity Processor) model to automate inter-micro-organizational communications using the SACT protocol. The usefulness of this scheme is demonstrated through an example application.
Descent Relations in Cubic Superstring Field Theory
Creators: name: Aref'eva, I. Ya.
name: Gorbachev, R. V.
name: Medvedev, P. B.
name: Rychkov, D. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The descent relations between string field theory (SFT) vertices are characteristic relations of the operator formulation of SFT and they provide self-consistency of this theory. The descent relations and in the NS fermionic string field theory in the kappa and discrete bases are established. Different regularizations and schemes of calculations are considered and relations between them are discussed.
description: Replaced to JHEP style
BPS Z(N) String Tensions, Sine Law and Casimir Scaling and Integrable Field Theories
Creators: name: Kneipp, Marco A. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a Yang-Mills-Higgs theory with spontaneous symmetry breaking of the gauge group G -> U(1)^r -> C(G), with C(G) being the center of G. We study two vacua solutions of the theory which produce this symmetry breaking. We show that for one of these vacua, the theory in the Coulomb phase has the mass spectrum of particles and monopoles which is exactly the same as the mass spectrum of particles and solitons of two dimensional affine Toda field theory. That result holds also for N=4 Super Yang-Mills theories. On the other hand, in the Higgs phase, we show that for each of the two vacua the ratio of the tensions of the BPS Z(N) strings satisfy either the Casimir scaling or the sine law scaling for G=SU(N). These results are extended to other gauge groups: for the Casimir scaling, the ratios of the tensions are equal to the ratios of the quadratic Casimir constant of specific representations; for the sine law scaling, the tensions are proportional to the components of the left Perron-Frobenius eigenvector of Cartan matrix and the ratios of tensions are equal to the ratios of the soliton masses of affine Toda field theories.
description: 21 pages, 10 figures. A correction on the title page
Future searches for light sterile neutrinos at nuclear reactors
Creators: name: Berryman, Jeffrey M.
name: Delgadillo, Luis A.
name: Huber, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the optimization of a green-field, two-baseline reactor experiment with respect to the sensitivity for electron antineutrino disappearance in search of a light sterile neutrino. We consider both commercial and research reactors and identify as key factors the distance of closest approach and detector energy resolution. We find that a total of 5 tons of detectors deployed at a commercial reactor with a closest approach of 25 m can probe the mixing angle $\sin^22θ$ down to $\sim5\times10^{-3}$ around $Δm^2\sim 1$ eV$^2$. The same detector mass deployed at a research reactor can be sensitive up to $Δm^2\sim20-30$ eV$^2$ assuming a closest approach of 3 m and excellent energy resolution, such as that projected for the Taishan Antineutrino Observatory. We also find that lithium doping of the reactor could be effective in increasing the sensitivity for higher $Δm^2$ values.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures. Updated to match journal version; results are unchanged
Stock-correlation Networks: Extraction and Optimisation
Creators: name: HOSSEINI, SEYED SOHEIL
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 10299 Applied Mathematics not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 10303 Optimisation
subject: 10401 Applied Statistics

description: In this thesis, we try to come up with new methods and improve upon the previous methods of generating networks that describe the relationships between stocks in the financial market.
Challenge Study Database from A systematic review of laboratory investigations into the pathogenesis of avian influenza viruses in wild avifauna of North America
Creators: name: Gonnerman, Matthew
name: Leyson, Christina
name: Sullivan, Jeffery
name: Pantin-Jackwood, Mary J.
name: Spackman, Erica
name: Mullinax, Jennifer M.
name: Prosser, Diann J
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 420299
subject: Epidemiology not elsewhere classified

description: Raw entry-level information describe species disease response, collated from reviews of avian influenza challenge studies
The search for failed supernovae with the Large Binocular Telescope: a new candidate and the failed SN fraction with 11 yr of data
Creators: name: Neustadt, J. M. M.
name: Kochanek, C. S.
name: Stanek, K. Z.
name: Basinger, C. M.
name: Jayasinghe, T.
name: Garling, C. T.
name: Adams, S. M.
name: Gerke, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present updated results of the Large Binocular Telescope Search for Failed Supernovae. This search monitors luminous stars in 27 nearby galaxies with a current baseline of 11~yr of data. We re-discover the failed supernova (SN) candidate N6946-BH1 as well as a new candidate, M101-OC1. M101-OC1 is a blue supergiant that rapidly disappears in optical wavelengths with no evidence for significant obscuration by warm dust. While we consider other options, a good explanation for the fading of M101-OC1 is a failed SN, but follow-up observations are needed to confirm this. Assuming only one clearly detected failed SN, we find a failed SN fraction $f = 0.16^{+0.23}_{-0.12}$ at 90 per~cent confidence. We also report on a collection of stars that show slow ($\sim$decade), large amplitude ($ΔL/L > 3$) luminosity changes.
description: 14 pages, 11 figures, 5 tables, 2 machine-readable tables (included as ancillary txt files)
Electroproduction of kaons from the proton in a Regge-plus-resonance approach
Creators: name: Corthals, T.
name: Van Cauteren, T.
name: Van Craeyveld, P.
name: Ryckebusch, J.
name: Ireland, D. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a Regge-plus-resonance (RPR) description of the p(e,e'K^+)Y processes (Y=Λ,Σ^0) in the resonance region. The background contributions to the RPR amplitude are constrained by the high-energy p(γ, K^+)Y data. As a result, the number of free model parameters in the resonance region is considerably reduced compared to typical effective-Lagrangian approaches. We compare a selection of RPR model variants, originally constructed to describe $KY$ photoproduction, with the world electroproduction database. The electromagnetic form factors of the intermediate N^*s and $Δ^*s are computed in the Bonn constituent-quark model. With this input, we find a reasonable description of the p(e,e'K^+)Y data without adding or readjusting any parameters. It is demonstrated that the electroproduction response functions are extremely useful for fine-tuning both the background and resonant contributions to the reaction dynamics.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures; added discussion on double counting in the RPR model; accepted for publication in Phys. Lett. B
Supplementary material from Modulating Subjective Pain Perception with Decoded MNI-space Neurofeedback: A Proof-of-Concept Study
Creators: name: Berman, Taryn
name: Cushing, Cody
name: Manuel, Shawn
name: Vachon-Presseau, Etienne
name: Cortese, Aurelio
name: Kawato, Mitsuo
name: Woo, Choong-Wan
name: Wager, Tor Dessart
name: Lau, Hakwan
name: Roy, Mathieu
name: Taschereau-Dumouchel, Vincent
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 320999
subject: Neurosciences not elsewhere classified

description: Review - Pain DecNef - Supplementary material - Clean.pdf
Challenge Study Citations from A systematic review of laboratory investigations into the pathogenesis of avian influenza viruses in wild avifauna of North America
Creators: name: Gonnerman, Matthew
name: Leyson, Christina
name: Sullivan, Jeffery
name: Pantin-Jackwood, Mary J.
name: Spackman, Erica
name: Mullinax, Jennifer M.
name: Prosser, Diann J
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 420299
subject: Epidemiology not elsewhere classified

description: Citations for all research listed in the Challenge Study Database supplemental.
Scaling laws for the sensitivity enhancement of non-Gaussian spin states
Creators: name: Baamara, Y.
name: Sinatra, A.
name: Gessner, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We identify the large-$N$ scaling of the metrological quantum gain offered by over-squeezed spin states that are accessible by one-axis-twisting, as a function of the preparation time. We further determine how the scaling is modified by relevant decoherence processes and predict a discontinuous change of the quantum gain at a critical preparation time that depends on the noise. Our analytical results provide recipes for optimal and feasible implementations of quantum enhancements with non-Gaussian spin states in existing experiments, well beyond the reach of spin squeezing.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
Binary Models for Marginal Independence
Creators: name: Drton, Mathias
name: Richardson, Thomas S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Log-linear models are a classical tool for the analysis of contingency tables. In particular, the subclass of graphical log-linear models provides a general framework for modelling conditional independences. However, with the exception of special structures, marginal independence hypotheses cannot be accommodated by these traditional models. Focusing on binary variables, we present a model class that provides a framework for modelling marginal independences in contingency tables. The approach taken is graphical and draws on analogies to multivariate Gaussian models for marginal independence. For the graphical model representation we use bi-directed graphs, which are in the tradition of path diagrams. We show how the models can be parameterized in a simple fashion, and how maximum likelihood estimation can be performed using a version of the Iterated Conditional Fitting algorithm. Finally we consider combining these models with symmetry restrictions.
Analytically solvable model of a driven system with quenched dichotomous disorder
Creators: name: Denisov, S. I.
name: Kostur, M.
name: Denisova, E. S.
name: Hänggi, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a time-dependent study of the driven dynamics of overdamped particles which are placed in a one-dimensional, piecewise linear random potential. This set-up of spatially quenched disorder then exerts a dichotomous varying random force on the particles. We derive the path integral representation of the resulting probability density function for the position of the particles and transform this quantity of interest into the form of a Fourier integral. In doing so, the evolution of the probability density can be investigated analytically for finite times. It is demonstrated that the probability density contains both a $δ$-singular contribution and a regular part. While the former part plays a dominant role at short times, the latter rules the behavior at large evolution times. The slow approach of the probability density to a limiting Gaussian form as time tends to infinity is elucidated in detail.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures
The halo by halo missing baryon problem
Creators: name: McGaugh, Stacy S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The global missing baryon problem - that the sum of observed baryons falls short of the number expected form BBN - is well known. In addition to this, there is also a local missing baryon problem that applies to individual dark matter halos. This halo by halo missing baryon problem is such that the observed mass fraction of baryons in individual galaxies falls short of the cosmic baryon fraction. This deficit is a strong function of circular velocity. I give an empirical estimate of this function, and note the presence of a critical scale of ~900 km/s therein. I also briefly review Omega_b from BBN, highlighting the persistent tension between lithium and the CMB, and discuss some pros and cons of individual galaxies and clusters of galaxies as potential reservoirs of dark baryons.
description: 10 pages, review for IAU Symposium 244, Dark Galaxies & Lost Baryons
Subjective Generic Health Literacy and Its Associated Factors among Adolescents: Results of a Population-Based Online Survey in Germany
Creators: name: Loer, Anne-Kathrin M.
name: Domanska, Olga M.
name: Stock, Christiane
name: Jordan, Susanne
Publisher: name: Robert Koch-Institut
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: health literacy
subject: adolescents
subject: MOHLAA-Questionnaire
subject: subjective measurement
subject: population-based survey
subject: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Profound data on adolescent health literacy are needed as a requirement for the development of health literacy promoting interventions. This paper aims to study the level of generic health literacy among adolescents and to explore associations between health literacy and socio-demographic (age, sex, family affluence, migration background), social (social support by family and friends) and personal (self-efficacy) factors. We conducted a representative cross-sectional online survey. Four health literacy dimensions were captured among 14–17 years old adolescents living in Germany (n = 1235) with the “Measurement of Health Literacy Among Adolescents-Questionnaire” (MOHLAA-Q). Descriptive, bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to analyse the data (n = 1202). We found poor health literacy levels—to varying degrees—in all examined health literacy dimensions: dealing with health-related information (8.41% with many difficulties), health-related communication skills (28.13% with low skills), attitudes toward one’s own health and health information (8.81% with passive attitudes) and health-related knowledge (22.73% with low levels). We identified significant associations between poor health literacy levels and all factors studied except for age. Our results indicate a need for the implementation of evidence-based health literacy-related promoting interventions, preferentially in education and training institutions.
On The Spectrum of Yang-Mills Theory in 2+1 Dimensions, Analytically
Creators: name: Leigh, R. G.
name: Minic, D.
name: Yelnikov, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review our recent work on the glueball spectrum of pure Yang-Mills theory in 2+1 dimensions. The calculations make use of Karabali-Nair corner variables in the Hamiltonian formalism, and involve a determination of the leading form of the ground-state wavefunctional.
description: conference proceedings submission for Theory Canada 2, Perimeter Institute, Waterloo ON, June 2006
Role of Sb in the superconducting kagome metal CsV$_3$Sb$_5$ revealed by its anisotropic compression
Creators: name: Tsirlin, Alexander A.
name: Fertey, Pierre
name: Ortiz, Brenden R.
name: Klis, Berina
name: Merkl, Valentino
name: Dressel, Martin
name: Wilson, Stephen D.
name: Uykur, Ece
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pressure evolution of the superconducting kagome metal CsV$_3$Sb$_5$ is studied with single-crystal x-ray diffraction and density-functional band-structure calculations. A highly anisotropic compression observed up to 5 GPa is ascribed to the fast shrinkage of the Cs-Sb distances and suppression of Cs rattling motion. This prevents Sb displacements required to stabilize the three-dimensional charge-density-wave (CDW) order and elucidates the disappearance of the CDW already at 2 GPa despite only minor changes in the electronic structure of the normal state. At higher pressures, vanadium bands still change only marginally, whereas antimony bands undergo a major reconstruction caused by the gradual formation of the interlayer Sb-Sb bonds. Our results exclude pressure tuning of vanadium kagome bands as the main mechanism for the non-trivial evolution of superconductivity in real-world kagome metals. Concurrently, we establish the central role of Sb atoms in the stabilization of a three-dimensional CDW and Fermi surface reconstruction.
description: published version
CRED-nf checklist from Modulating Subjective Pain Perception with Decoded MNI-space Neurofeedback: A Proof-of-Concept Study
Creators: name: Berman, Taryn
name: Cushing, Cody
name: Manuel, Shawn
name: Vachon-Presseau, Etienne
name: Cortese, Aurelio
name: Kawato, Mitsuo
name: Woo, Choong-Wan
name: Wager, Tor Dessart
name: Lau, Hakwan
name: Roy, Mathieu
name: Taschereau-Dumouchel, Vincent
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 320999
subject: Neurosciences not elsewhere classified

description: Pain DecNef checklist.pdf
Probability Density of the Multipole Vectors for a Gaussian Cosmic Microwave Background
Creators: name: Dennis, Mark R.
name: Land, Kate
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review Maxwell's multipole vectors, and elucidate some of their mathematical properties, with emphasis on the application of this tool to the cosmic microwave background (CMB). In particular, for a completely random function on the sphere (corresponding to the statistically isotropic Gaussian model of the CMB), we derive the full probability density function of the multipole vectors. This function is used to analyze the internal configurations of the third-year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe quadrupole and octopole, and we show the observations are consistent with the Gaussian prediction. A particular aspect is the planarity of the octopole, which we find not to be anomalous.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures, MNRAS style
Scaling Beyond Bandwidth Limitations: Wireless Control With Stability Guarantees Under Overload
Creators: name: Mager, Fabian
name: Baumann, Dominik
name: Herrmann, Carsten
name: Trimpe, Sebastian
name: Zimmerling, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: An important class of cyber-physical systems relies on multiple agents that jointly perform a task by coordinating their actions over a wireless network. Examples include self-driving cars in intelligent transportation and production robots in smart manufacturing. However, the scalability of existing control-over-wireless solutions is limited as they cannot resolve overload situations in which the communication demand exceeds the available bandwidth. This paper presents a novel co-design of distributed control and wireless communication that overcomes this limitation by dynamically allocating the available bandwidth to agents with the greatest need to communicate. Experiments on a real cyber-physical testbed with 20 agents, each consisting of a low-power wireless embedded device and a cart-pole system, demonstrate that our solution achieves significantly better control performance under overload than the state of the art. We further prove that our co-design guarantees closed-loop stability for physical systems with stochastic linear time-invariant dynamics.
description: Accepted article to appear in ACM Transactions on Cyber-Physical Systems
Origin and propagation of cosmic rays (some highlights)
Creators: name: Moskalenko, Igor V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The detection of high-energy particles, cosmic rays (CRs), deep inside the heliosphere implies that there are, at least, three distinctly different stages in the lifetime of a CR particle: acceleration, propagation in the interstellar medium (ISM), and propagation in the heliosphere. Gamma rays produced by interactions of CRs with gas, radiation, and magnetic fields can be used to study their spectra in different locations. Still, accurate direct measurements of CR species inside the heliosphere (such as their spectra and abundances) are extremely important for the understanding of their origin and propagation. In this paper, an emphasis is made on very recent advances and especially on those where GLAST and PAMELA observations can lead to further progress in our understanding of CRs.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure; invited talk at the 5th Workshop on Science with the New Generation of High Energy Experiments (Frascati, 18-20 June, 2007), to appear in Frascati Physics Series
Semi-automatic protocol implementation using an Estelle-C compiler, LAPB and RTS protocols as examples
Creators: name: Lu, Jing
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Formal Description Techniques allow for the use of automated tools during the specification and development of communication protocols. Estelle is a standardized formal description technique developed by ISO to remove ambiguities in the specification of communication protocols and services. The UBC Estelle-C compiler automates the implementation of protocols by producing an executable C implementation directly from its Estelle specification. In this thesis, we investigate the automated protocol implementation methodology using the Estelle-C compiler. First, we describe the improvements made to the compiler to support the latest version of Estelle. Then, we present and discuss the semiautomated implementations of the LAPB protocol in the CCITT X.25 Recommendation and the RTS protocol in the CCITT X.400 MHS series using this compiler. Finally, we compare the automatic and manual protocol implementations of LAPB and RTS protocols in terms of functional coverage, development time, code size, and performance measure. The results strongly indicate the overall advantages of automatic protocol implementation method over the manual approach.
Additional file 2 of Genetics of the phenotypic evolution in sheep: a molecular look at diversity-driving genes
Creators: name: Kalds, Peter
name: Zhou, Shiwei
name: Gao, Yawei
name: Cai, Bei
name: Huang, Shuhong
name: Chen, Yulin
name: Wang, Xiaolong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: Table S1. Additional genomic investigations on sheep tails [159, 218–226]. Table S2. Sheep tails from a transcriptomic perspective: mRNA profiles [4, 12, 14, 20, 21, 219, 227–241]. Table S3. Sheep tails from a transcriptomic perspective: microRNA profiles [242–254]. Table S4. Sheep tails from a transcriptomic perspective: lncRNA profiles [255–259]. Table S5. Sheep tails from a proteomic perspective [260–262]. Table S6. Gene expression and association studies of sheep tails [241, 263–294]. Table S7. Additional genetic investigations on sheep horn phenotype [295–299]. Table S8. Additional genetic studies on sheep coat color phenotype: The ASIP gene [300–306]. Table S9. Additional genetic studies on sheep coat color phenotype: The MC1R gene [89, 302, 304–309]. Table S10. Additional genetic studies on sheep coat color variation [310–327]. Table S11. Additional studies on the curly fleece phenotype in sheep [132, 146, 328–346]. Table S12. Additional studies of the fine vs. coarse fleece phenotype in sheep [138, 333, 334, 347–358]. Table S13. Potential genes linked to the occurrence of the number of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae in sheep [172, 359–362]. Table S14.Credits and courtesies of photos used in the current review article.
Resonant Quantum Principal Component Analysis
Creators: name: Li, Zhaokai
name: Chai, Zihua
name: Guo, Yuhang
name: Ji, Wentao
name: Wang, Mengqi
name: Shi, Fazhan
name: Wang, Ya
name: Lloyd, Seth
name: Du, Jiangfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Principal component analysis has been widely adopted to reduce the dimension of data while preserving the information. The quantum version of PCA (qPCA) can be used to analyze an unknown low-rank density matrix by rapidly revealing the principal components of it, i.e. the eigenvectors of the density matrix with largest eigenvalues. However, due to the substantial resource requirement, its experimental implementation remains challenging. Here, we develop a resonant analysis algorithm with the minimal resource for ancillary qubits, in which only one frequency scanning probe qubit is required to extract the principal components. In the experiment, we demonstrate the distillation of the first principal component of a 4$\times$4 density matrix, with the efficiency of 86.0% and fidelity of 0.90. This work shows the speed-up ability of quantum algorithm in dimension reduction of data and thus could be used as part of quantum artificial intelligence algorithms in the future.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures