cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Essays on Urban Economics
Creators: Yu, Yue
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Economics
Land use--Economic aspects
Land use, Rural
Land use, Rural--Management
Labor economics

description: This dissertation contains three essays on Urban Economics. The first two chapters study the impact of land-use regulation on economic development. Many countries have land-use regulations to preserve farmland from urban land expansion. In Chapter 1 and 2, I show that such regulations can distort economic activity across sectors and locations at a substantial cost to aggregate welfare in developing countries during urbanization. Specifically, I study a major policy restricting farm-to-urban land conversion in China - the Farmland Red Line Policy - to provide causal evidence on the impact of land-use regulation on local development measured by GDP and population growth. The policy imposes a barrier to urban land development, the strength of which depends on exogenous local geographical features. In Chapter 1, I show that a greater barrier significantly reduces urban land supply, lowers GDP, and decreases population. Findings in Chapter 1 raises the question about the aggregate impact of the Farmland Red Line Policy. Therefore, in the second chapter, I develop a quantitative spatial equilibrium model that features endogenous land-use decisions in order to understand the aggregate impact of the policy. According to the model, the policy causes an excess supply of farmland and an under-supply of urban land, and the extent of such land misallocation varies across locations due to their local geographical features. In the constrained equilibrium, the spatial and sectoral mobility of workers implies that land misallocation leads to labor misallocation. The calibrated model reveals that the welfare of workers would have been 6% higher in 2010 if the policy had not been implemented. Moreover, a cap-and-trade system that achieved the same aggregate level of farmland would have been far less costly in terms of welfare. The results suggest that fast-growing economies in developing countries need to design land-use policies carefully, as the welfare costs of poorly designed policies can be substantial. In Chapter 3, I test the impact of team size on one's publication output among US university economists from 1996 to 2011. I construct a database of affiliation and publication history for all US university economists using the publication information from the Scopus Database. University funding revenue from government appropriation and private gifts is used as an instrument for the total number of economists at a university. I find that a 10% increase in team size raises one's publication on top 5 economic journals by 30%. Moreover, the team size effect disappears once crossing the affiliation border: having more economists in a nearby affiliation does not affect one's output. Finally, increasing chances to coauthor with colleagues when being part of a larger team helps explain the team size effect.
Progress and status of the OpenFF small molecule force field
Creators: name: Mobley, David L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Open Force Field Initiative
OFFCW Aug 2019
SMIRNOFF
release-1
Parsley
small molecules
molecular dynamics
molecular modelling

description: David Mobley presents the current status of the Open Force Field Initiative and the progress made during the first year (Year 1) of the Open Force Field Consortium at the workshop in San Diego (Aug 30 - 31, 2019). This includes an overview of the process behind releasing the first OpenFF optimized force field (Parsley) and supporting infrastructure. The acronym of the workshop is OFFCW Aug 2019. This upload contains presentation video and accompanying slides.
Additional file 2: of A comparison of population estimation techniques for individually unidentifiable free-roaming dogs
Creators: name: N. Meunier
name: A. Gibson
name: J. Corfmat
name: S. Mazeri
name: I. Handel
name: L. Gamble
name: B Bronsvoort
name: R. Mellanby
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Figure S1. Bland-Altman plots are given for the difference between Chapman and distance-method estimates, as well as the difference between methods for all roads and the subset of roads. (DOCX 177 kb)
title: Knowledge Management Enablement in Australian Not for Profit Organisations (NFPs)
Creators: name: Hume, Craig
Publisher: name: Griffith University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Not for profit organisations
subject: Knowledge management
subject: Organizational behavior

description: Not for profit organizations (NFPs) in Australia operate in an increasingly competitive marketplace for funding, staff and volunteers and donations. Further, NFPs, both in Australia and internationally are growing rapidly in number in response to increasing needs for humanitarian services and environmental sustainability that local and national governments and established international aid organizations cannot or struggle to provide effectively. In this context, many NFPs are being driven to adopt more commercial practices in order to improve their donor appeal, staff retention and service delivery. Knowledge Management (KM) is one such commercial practice, business strategy, being explored to address the competitive environment. Although the concept of knowledge management may be basically understood in NFPs, the detailed implications and strategies to pursue this practice in an NFP context are under explored at this time.
Finite-Sample Concentration of the Multinomial in Relative Entropy
Creators: name: Agrawal, Rohit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show that the moment generating function of the Kullback-Leibler divergence (relative entropy) between the empirical distribution of $n$ independent samples from a distribution $P$ over a finite alphabet of size $k$ (i.e. a multinomial distribution) and $P$ itself is no more than that of a gamma distribution with shape $k - 1$ and rate $n$. The resulting exponential concentration inequality becomes meaningful (less than 1) when the divergence $\varepsilon$ is larger than $(k-1)/n$, whereas the standard method of types bound requires $\varepsilon > \frac{1}{n} \cdot \log{\binom{n+k-1}{k-1}} \geq (k-1)/n \cdot \log(1 + n/(k-1))$, thus saving a factor of order $\log(n/k)$ in the standard regime of parameters where $n\gg k$. As a consequence, we also obtain finite-sample bounds on all the moments of the empirical divergence (equivalently, the discrete likelihood-ratio statistic), which are within constant factors (depending on the moment) of their asymptotic values. Our proof proceeds via a simple reduction to the case $k = 2$ of a binary alphabet (i.e. a binomial distribution), and has the property that improvements in the case of $k = 2$ directly translate to improvements for general $k$. In particular, we conjecture a bound on the binomial moment generating function that would almost close the quadratic gap between our finite-sample bound and the asymptotic moment generating function bound from Wilks' theorem (which does not hold for finite samples).
Essays on Using Climate Information in Disaster and Climate Risk Management
Creators: Dookie, Denyse Shivani
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Environmental economics
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Natural disasters--Management
subject: Disasters--Sociological aspects
subject: Risk communication
subject: Sustainable development

description: Within the growing concern about the short-term and lasting impacts of natural hazard-based disasters on lives, livelihoods and economies, the ability to manage disaster and climate risk is central to sustainable development. As many recent disasters are directly or indirectly related to weather or climate, and with the expectation that climate variability and change may exacerbate the frequency and/or intensity of related hazards and extreme weather events, climate information has become a critical component of disaster and climate risk management. However, despite its increasing use, as well as money, time and effort into gathering and processing the relevant data, few studies highlight the connection between climate information and development outcomes. Using a Caribbean lens, this dissertation explores how the awareness, provision and use of weather and climate information, including storm advisories/forecasts and satellite-based rainfall data, may be linked to development outcomes, both in terms of localized impacts of weather- and climate-related events but also within the wider macro-economy. I explore if development outcomes may vary by event day-of-week timing (hypothesizing a relation to possible differences in climate information provision), study whether there may be a human element of improving climate information, and analyze climate information details to best understand its potential use in Caribbean small states. Such research aligns well with ongoing efforts to understand and predict extreme events, as well as connect disasters to socio-economic outcomes, and can also enrich perspectives which concern assessing vulnerability to disasters and recommending solutions to improve risk communication and strengthen disaster preparedness and resilience.
Convergent Perturbation Theory for a q-deformed Anharmonic Oscillator
Creators: name: Dick, Rainer
name: Pollok-Narayanan, Andrea
name: Steinacker, Harold
name: Wess, Julius
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A $q$--deformed anharmonic oscillator is defined within the framework of $q$--deformed quantum mechanics. It is shown that the Rayleigh--Schrödinger perturbation series for the bounded spectrum converges to exact eigenstates and eigenvalues, for $q$ close to 1. The radius of convergence becomes zero in the undeformed limit.
description: 14 pages, 2 figure using epsf
MOESM1 of Using data from online geocoding services for the assessment of environmental obesogenic factors: a feasibility study
Creators: name: PrĂ¤Ger, Maximilian
name: Kurz, Christoph
name: BĂśhm, Julian
name: Laxy, Michael
name: Maier, Werner
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Factors determined by literature search.
Quantifying the generalization error in deep learning in terms of data distribution and neural network smoothness
Creators: name: Jin, Pengzhan
name: Lu, Lu
name: Tang, Yifa
name: Karniadakis, George Em
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The accuracy of deep learning, i.e., deep neural networks, can be characterized by dividing the total error into three main types: approximation error, optimization error, and generalization error. Whereas there are some satisfactory answers to the problems of approximation and optimization, much less is known about the theory of generalization. Most existing theoretical works for generalization fail to explain the performance of neural networks in practice. To derive a meaningful bound, we study the generalization error of neural networks for classification problems in terms of data distribution and neural network smoothness. We introduce the cover complexity (CC) to measure the difficulty of learning a data set and the inverse of the modulus of continuity to quantify neural network smoothness. A quantitative bound for expected accuracy/error is derived by considering both the CC and neural network smoothness. Although most of the analysis is general and not specific to neural networks, we validate our theoretical assumptions and results numerically for neural networks by several data sets of images. The numerical results confirm that the expected error of trained networks scaled with the square root of the number of classes has a linear relationship with respect to the CC. We also observe a clear consistency between test loss and neural network smoothness during the training process. In addition, we demonstrate empirically that the neural network smoothness decreases when the network size increases whereas the smoothness is insensitive to training dataset size.
Additional file 1: of Community knowledge, perceptions and water contact practices associated with transmission of urinary schistosomiasis in an endemic region: a qualitative cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Teckla Angelo
name: Safari KinungâHi
name: Jorum Buza
name: Mwanga, Joseph
name: Kariuki, Henry
name: Wilson, Shona
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Focus group discussion (FGD). (DOCX 13 kb)
On modules associated to coalgebra Galois extensions
Creators: name: Brzezinski, Tomasz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16W30; 17B37; 81R50

description: For a given entwining structure $(A,C)_ψ$ involving an algebra $A$, a coalgebra $C$, and an entwining map $ψ: C\otimes A\to A\otimes C$, a category $\M_A^C(ψ)$ of right $(A,C)_ψ$-modules is defined and its structure analysed. In particular, the notion of a measuring of $(A,C)_ψ$ to $(\tA,\tC)_\tpsi$ is introduced, and certain functors between $\M_A^C(ψ)$ and $\M_\tA^\tC(\tpsi)$ induced by such a measuring are defined. It is shown that these functors are inverse equivalences iff they are exact (or one of them faithfully exact) and the measuring satisfies a certain Galois-type condition. Next, left modules $E$ and right modules $\bar{E}$ associated to a $C$-Galois extension $A$ of $B$ are defined. These can be thought of as objects dual to fibre bundles with coalgebra $C$ in the place of a structure group, and a fibre $V$. Cross-sections of such associated modules are defined as module maps $E\to B$ or $\bar{E}\to B$. It is shown that they can be identified with suitably equivariant maps from the fibre to $A$. Also, it is shown that a $C$-Galois extension is cleft if and only if $A=B\tens C$ as left $B$-modules and right $C$-comodules. The relationship between the modules $E$ and $\bar{E}$ is studied in the case when $V$ is finite-dimensional and in the case when the canonical entwining map is bijective.
description: 31 pages, LaTeX, uses amscd and amssymb. Some changes in Section 3. Version to appear in J. Algebra
title: Gentiana brachyphylla
title: Kurzblättriger Enzian (Gentiana brachyphylla)
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: :None
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Diasammlung Herbert Schulz
subject: 580

description: Enthält 1 Bild des Kurzblättrigen Enzians.
Essays on information acquisition
Creators: Zhong, Weijie
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Economics
Information retrieval
Poisson processes
Information theory in economics

description: This dissertation studies information acquisition when the choice of information is fully flexible. Throughout the dissertation, I consider a theoretical framework where a decision maker (DM) acquires costly information (signal process) about the payoffs of different alternatives before making a choice. In Chapter 1, I solve a general model where the DM pays a cost that depends on the rate of uncertainty reduction and discounts delayed payoffs. The main finding is that the optimal signal process resembles a Poisson signal --- the signal arrives occasionally according to a Poisson process, and it drives the inferred posterior belief to jump discretely. The optimal signal is chosen to confirm the DM's prior belief of the most promising state. Once seeing the signal, the decision maker is discretely surer about the state and stops learning immediately. When the signal is otherwise absent, the decision maker becomes gradually less sure about the state, and continues learning by seeking more precise but less frequently arriving signals. In Chapter 2, I study the sequential implementation of a target information structure. I characterize the set of decision time distributions induced by all signal processes that satisfy a per-period learning capacity constraint on the rate of uncertainty reduction. I find that all decision time distributions have the same mean, and the maximal and minimal elements by mean-preserving spread order are exponential distribution and deterministic distribution. The result implies that when the time preference is risk loving (e.g. standard or hyperbolic discounting), Poisson signal is optimal since it induces the riskiest exponential decision time distribution. When time preference is risk neutral (e.g. constant delay cost), all signal processes are equally optimal. In Chapter 3, I relax the assumption on information cost by assuming that the measure of signal informativeness is an indirect measure from sequential minimization. I first show that an indirect information measure is supported by sequential minimization iff it satisfies: 1) monotonicity in Blackwell order, 2) sub-additivity in compound experiments and 3) linearity in mixing with no information. Then I study a dynamic information acquisition problem where the cost of information depends on an indirect information measure and the delay cost is fixed (the DM is time-risk neutral). The optimal strategy is to acquire Poisson type signals. The result implies that when the cost of information is measured by an indirect measure, Poisson signals are intrinsically cheaper than other signal processes. Chapter 4 introduces a set of useful technical results on constrained information design that is used to derive the main results in the first three chapters.
Additional file 2: of Win/win partnerships between Geneva health-related institutions and caregivers of people with dementia: a descriptive cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Marie-Conception Leocadie
name: Lefebvre, Hélène
name: Rothan-Tondeur, Monique
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Participants’ answers to the open-ended questions of the questionnaire. (DOCX 46 kb)
GAS HYDRATE GEOHAZARDS IN SHALLOW SEDIMENTS AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE DESIGN OF SUBSEA SYSTEMSHadley, Chris
Creators: name: Peters, David
name: Hatton, Greg
name: Mehta, Ajay
name: Hadley, Chris
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2008

description: Gas hydrates in near-mudline subsea sediments present significant challenges in the production of underlying hydrocarbons, impacting wellbore integrity and placement of subsea equipment. As the fluids of an underlying reservoir flow to the mudline, heat carried by the fluids warms nearwell sediments and dissociates hydrates, which releases gas that can displace and fracture near well soil. This gas release may be calculated with numerical simulations that model heat and mass transfer in hydrate-bearing sediments. The nature and distribution of hydrates within the sediments, the melting behavior of the hydrates, the thermal and mechanical properties of these shallow sediments, and the amount of hydrates contained in the sediments are required for the model simulations. Such information can be costly to acquire and characterize with certainty for an offshore development. In this information environment, it is critical to understand what information, processes, and calculations are required in order to ensure safe, robust systems, that are not overly conservative, to produce the hydrocarbon reservoirs far below the hydrates.
Anti-Kaehlerian Manifolds
Creators: name: Borowiec, A.
name: Francaviglia, M.
name: Volovich, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An anti-Kaehlerian manifold is a complex manifold with an anti-Hermitian metric and a parallel almost complex structure. It is shown that a metric on such a manifold must be the real part of a holomorphic metric. It is proved that all odd Chern numbers of an anti-Kaehlerian manifold vanish and that complex parallelisable manifolds (in particular the factor space G/D of a complex Lie group G over the discrete subgroup D) are anti-Kaehlerian manifolds. A method of generating new solutions of Einstein equations by using the theory of anti-Kaehlerian manifolds is presented.
description: 12 pages in LaTeX
Multi-Phase Coupled CMOS Ring Oscillator based Potts Machine
Creators: name: Gonul, Yilmaz Ege
name: Taskin, Baris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents a coupled ring oscillator based Potts ma chine to solve NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems
 (COPs). Potts model is a generalization of the Ising model, cap turing multivalued spins in contrast to the binary-valued spins
 allowed in the Ising model. Similar to recent literature on Ising
 machines, the proposed architecture of Potts machines imple ments the Potts model with interacting spins represented by cou pled ring oscillators. Unlike Ising machines which are limited
 to two spin values, Potts machines model COPs that require a
 larger number of spin values. A major novelty of the proposed
 Potts machine is the utilization of the N-SHIL (Sub-Harmonic
 Injection Locking) mechanism, where multiple stable phases are
 obtained from a single (i.e. ring) oscillator. In evaluation, 3 coloring problems from the DIMACS SATBLIB benchmark and
 two randomly generated larger problems are mapped to the pro posed architecture. The proposed architecture is demonstrated
 to solve problems of varying size with 89% to 92% accuracy
 averaged over multiple iterations. The simulation results show
 that there is no degradation in accuracy, no significant increase
 in solution time, and only a linear increase in power dissipation
 with increasing problem sizes up to 2000 nodes.
description: 8+2(ref) pages, 8 figures, International Conference of Computer Aided Design (ICCAD) 2024 conference
Nonlocal Hydrodynamic Type of Equations
Creators: name: Gürses, Metin
name: Pekcan, Aslı
name: Zheltukhin, Konstyantyn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the integrable equations of hydrodynamic type admit nonlocal reductions. We first construct such reductions for a general Lax equation and then give several examples. The reduced nonlocal equations are of hydrodynamic type and integrable. They admit Lax representations and hence possess infinitely many conserved quantities.
description: 19 Pages
Compound Regression and Constrained Regression: Nonparametric Regression Frameworks for EIV Models
Creators: name: Leng, Ling
name: Zhu, Wei
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mental Health
subject: Computational Biology

description: Errors-in-variable (EIV) regression is often used to gauge linear relationship between two variables both suffering from measurement and other errors, such as, the comparison of two measurement platforms (e.g., RNA sequencing vs. microarray). Scientists are often at a loss as to which EIV regression model to use for there are infinite many choices. We provide sound guidelines toward viable solutions to this dilemma by introducing two general nonparametric EIV regression frameworks: the compound regression and the constrained regression. It is shown that these approaches are equivalent to each other and, to the general parametric structural modeling approach. The advantages of these methods lie in their intuitive geometric representations, their distribution free nature, and their ability to offer candidate solutions with various optimal properties when the ratio of the error variances is unknown. Each includes the classic nonparametric regression methods of ordinary least squares, geometric mean regression (GMR), and orthogonal regression as special cases. Under these general frameworks, one can readily uncover some surprising optimal properties of the GMR, and truly comprehend the benefit of data normalization. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
title: Gentiana punctata
title: Tüpfel-Enzian (Gentiana punctata)
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Schulz, Herbert
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Diasammlung Herbert Schulz
subject: 580

description: Enthält 13 Bilder des Tüpfel-Enzians.
title: Gentianella tenella
title: Zarter Fransenenzian (Gentianella tenella)
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Schulz, Herbert
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Diasammlung Herbert Schulz
subject: 580

description: Enthält 7 Bilder des Zarten Fransenenzians.
A Robust and Generalisable Rubric Design Framework for Critical Thinking Assessment
Creators: name: Layman, Harry A.
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: This research has two primary goals. The first is to develop a useful framework for designing rubrics to improve the utility of feedback and the reliability of scoring for critical thinking assessments that use constructed response items. The second is to demonstrate and explore the practicality, effectiveness, strengths, and weaknesses of this approach as applied to some specific data sets. The use of constructed response (CR) for educational assessment has been advocated for decades (Gulikers, Bastiaens and Kirschner, 2004; Palm, 2008; Wiggins, 1990). The primary benefits claimed are more authentic measurement and better feedback to students and teachers. More authentic measurement includes the notion that the construction of a response is more cognitively challenging and more direct evidence than the indirect evidence from selecting among predefined choices. Better feedback is generally limited in practice, however, when use of CR items relies on holistic scoring, generic rubrics, and a regimen of scorer training and calibration to attain consistent and generally valid measurement. The resulting broad, multifactor classification levels are unable to convey response-specific feedback (Bejar, 2017). This research postulates the use of a rubric design framework for the creation of itemspecific, content-centric rubrics for ssessment items that have right and wrong, better and worse possible responses. The framework establishes a uniform mechanism for identifying essential elements of item responses, with explicit weights for varying degrees of correctness and completeness and standardised approaches to calculating overall scores, subscores, and scaled scores. Resultant score reports can provide explicit feedback to response elements present, absent, or less than complete that explicitly justify and explain score differences between responses. Successful use of this rubric design framework promises CR assessment for critical thinking or argumentative writing items that will have score reports able to provide detailed feedback to students and defensible scoring outcomes, with the potential for improved interrater reliability.
title: Gentiana nivalis
title: Schnee-Enzian (Gentiana nivalis)
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Schulz, Herbert
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Diasammlung Herbert Schulz
subject: 580

description: Enthält 9 Bilder des Schnee-Enzians.
title: Implementation of Inclusive Early Childhood Education Policy and Change in Ghana: Four Case Sites of Practice
Creators: name: Ackah, Francis Raymond
Publisher: name: Griffith University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Inclusive early childhood education (IECE)
subject: Education policy, Ghana
subject: Children's human rights, Ghana

description: Inclusive early childhood education (IECE) represents a key policy and practice implementation that facilitates the education and socialisation of all children with and without disability and special educational needs in Ghana. Despite the development of IECE through Government commitments to both inclusive education (IE) and early childhood education (ECE); and as educational goals being realised, little research exists locally on IECE implementation and change practice. The study utilised a qualitative interpretive multiple case study approach to investigate how IECE is being implemented in Ghana. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 teachers and five headteachers of four early childhood learning centres and schools, and six senior education officials. Thematic data analysis results revealed differing understandings of IECE. What also emerged strongly in this study is that children’s human rights and economic benefits are fundamental moral purposes that frame IECE policy and change implementation. IECE presented valued outcomes for all children, and benefits for teachers and parents. Education officials and headteachers demonstrated high expectations for IECE, which were partly met as some headteachers and teachers reported the use of effective pedagogical and organisational IECE practices, and demonstrated effective teacher quality and dispositions that supported IECE practice. The expected and reported practices appear to be related to attitudes and beliefs about children with disability. Shared leadership was viewed as an indispensable component of IECE. Teacher training and PD were considered insufficient for IECE while other essential support was desirable for IECE practice. Self-learning and partnership programs with some universities served as additional training and learning opportunities for some teachers and headteachers in an IECE setting.
Measurement of $\mathrm{t\bar t}$ normalised multi-differential cross sections in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} =13$ TeV, and simultaneous determination of the strong coupling strength, top quark pole mass, and parton distribution functions
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Normalised multi-differential cross sections for top quark pair ($\mathrm{t\overline{t}}$) production are measured in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV using events containing two oppositely charged leptons. The analysed data were recorded with the CMS detector in 2016 and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$. The double-differential $\mathrm{t\overline{t}}$ cross section is measured as a function of the kinematic properties of the top quark and of the $\mathrm{t\overline{t}}$ system at parton level in the full phase space. A triple-differential measurement is performed as a function of the invariant mass and rapidity of the $\mathrm{t\overline{t}}$ system and the multiplicity of additional jets at particle level. The data are compared to predictions of Monte Carlo event generators that complement next-to-leading-order (NLO) quantum chromodynamics (QCD) calculations with parton showers. Together with a fixed-order NLO QCD calculation, the triple-differential measurement is used to extract values of the strong coupling strength $α_S$ and the top quark pole mass ($m_\mathrm{T}^\text{pole}$) using several sets of parton distribution functions (PDFs). Furthermore, a simultaneous fit of the PDFs, $α_S$, and $m_\mathrm{T}^\text{pole}$ is performed at NLO, demonstrating that the new data have significant impact on the gluon PDF, and at the same time allow an accurate determination of $α_S$ and $m_\mathrm{T}^\text{pole}$. The values $α_S(m_\mathrm{Z})$ = 0.1135 $^{+0.0021}_{-0.0017}$ and $m_\mathrm{T}^\text{pole}$ = 170.5 $\pm$ 0.8 GeV are extracted, which account for experimental and theoretical uncertainties, the latter being estimated from NLO scale variations. Possible effects from Coulomb and soft-gluon resummation near the $\mathrm{t\overline{t}}$ production threshold are neglected in these parameter extractions.
description: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and the DOI. All the figures and tables and the full abstract can be found at http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/TOP-18-004 (CMS Public Pages)
Solitonic-exchange mechanism of surface~diffusion
Creators: name: Braun, Oleg M.
name: Dauxois, Thierry
name: Peyrard, Michel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study surface diffusion in the framework of a generalized Frenkel-Kontorova model with a nonconvex transverse degree of freedom. The model describes a lattice of atoms with a given concentration interacting by Morse-type forces, the lattice being subjected to a two-dimensional substrate potential which is periodic in one direction and nonconvex (Morse) in the transverse direction. The results are used to describe the complicated exchange-mediated diffusion mechanism recently observed in MD simulations [J.E. Black and Zeng-Ju Tian, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 71}, 2445-2448(1993)].
description: 22 Revtex pages, 9 figures to appear in Phys. Rev. B
Additional file 1: of A comparison of population estimation techniques for individually unidentifiable free-roaming dogs
Creators: name: N. Meunier
name: A. Gibson
name: J. Corfmat
name: S. Mazeri
name: I. Handel
name: L. Gamble
name: B Bronsvoort
name: R. Mellanby
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Computational Biology

description: Tables S1. Final detection function models used to estimate dog density and abundance using the Distance package in R. (DOCX 12 kb)
title: Gentiana verna
title: Frühlings-Enzian (Gentiana verna)
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Schulz, Herbert
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Diasammlung Herbert Schulz
subject: 580

description: Enthält 10 Bilder des Frühlings-Enzians.
title: Gentiana lutea
title: Gelber Enzian (Gentiana lutea)
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Schulz, Herbert
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Diasammlung Herbert Schulz
subject: 580

description: Enthält 5 Bilder des Gelben Enzians.
On some aspects of the Deligne-Simpson problem
Creators: name: Kostov, Vladimir Petrov
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The Deligne-Simpson problem in the multiplicative version is formulated like this: {\em give necessary and sufficient conditions for the choice of the conjugacy classes $C_j\in SL(n,{\bf C})$ so that there exist irreducible $(p+1)$-tuples of matrices $M_j\in C_j$ satisfying the equality $M_1... M_{p+1}=I$}. We solve the problem for generic eigenvalues in the case when all the numbers $Σ_{j,m}(σ)$ of Jordan blocks of a given matrix $M_j$, with a given eigenvalue $σ$ and of a given size $m$ (taken over all $j$, $σ$, $m$) are divisible by $d>1$. Generic eigenvalues are defined by explicit algebraic inequalities of the form $a\neq 0$. For such eigenvalues there exist no reducible $(p+1)$-tuples. The matrices $M_j$ are interpreted as monodromy operators of regular linear systems on Riemann's sphere.
description: To appear in a volume of ``Trudy Seminara Arnol'da''
Additional file 1: of In the line-up: deleted genes associated with DiGeorge/22q11.2 deletion syndrome: are they all suspects?
Creators: name: Motahari, Zahra
name: Moody, Sally
name: Maynard, Thomas
name: Anthony-Samuel LaMantia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Fig. S1. Human 22q11.2 region gene entries. There are 154 GenBank entries in the 3â Mb deleted region of hChr22 between LCR A and LCR D at position q11.2. This includes 56 predicted protein-coding genes (white), 7 microRNAs (yellow), 38 non-coding RNAs (blue) and 53 pseudogenes (green). The gray areas represent predicted protein coding loci within the LCR regions. (PDF 66 kb)
Collection 2: U.S. News Media, c. 1989-2019 (articles mentioning "humanities" or "liberal arts")
Creators: name: WhatEvery1Says (WE1S) Project
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Humanities
subject: FOS: Humanities
subject: Journalism

description: This version contains dfr-browser metadata files which were inadvertently loaded from Collection 1. Please use version 2.0.0, which has the corrected files. A collection of word-frequency and other data representing 94,816 unique articles mentioning "humanities" or "liberal arts" (no duplicate or close-variant documents) published mostly during 1989-2019 in 884 U.S. news sources and their associated blogs. (5,492 articles originate from earlier years going back to 1977.) WE1S and other researchers use this data to look for broad patterns and to help guide closer study. The top 20 news sources (ordered by number of articles in descending order) are: New York Times, Washington Post, Los Angeles Times, Chicago Tribune, Chronicle of Higher Education, News Day, Hartford Courant, Boston Globe, St Louis Post Dispatch, Oregonian, Birmingham News, Chicago Daily Herald, Dallas Morning News, Advocate (Baton Rouge), Star Ledger (Newark), Daily Oklahoman (Oklahoma City), Stanford Daily (Stanford University), Knoxville News Sentinel, Star Tribune (Minneapolis), Providence Journal. (Full sources and counts are available as a csv file in the Collection Dataset.) In this collection, the word "humanities" occurs 134,948 times in 82,077 documents; and "liberal arts" 20,335 times in 14,621 documents. Kinds of Sources (by Tags) Sources in Collection 2 are tagged (through metadata) as associated with categories that include those listed on the Metadata Tags for WE1S Document Sources page. (Sources are assigned to categories based solely on explicit publication information and/or self-identification.) Collection Metadata Created by: Lindsay Thomas Created on: June 20th 2019, 12:00:00 am WE1S Collection Registry ID: 20190621_0419_us-humanities-libarts-all-no-reddit Data sources: LexisNexis (via LN Web Services Kit), ProQuest, and direct scraping from the Web. Suggested Citation for Collection WhatEvery1Says (WE1S) Project. (2019, June 20). Collection 2: U.S. News Media, c. 1989-2019 (articles mentioning "humanities" or "liberal arts"). doi: http://10.5281/zenodo.4905172.
description: WE1S makes available only "non-consumptive use" word frequency, topic model, and other datasets along with their visualizations. Datasets cannot be used to access, read, or reconstruct the original texts.
title: Gentiana asclepiadea
title: Schwalbenwurz-Enzian (Gentiana asclepiadea)
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Schulz, Herbert
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Diasammlung Herbert Schulz
subject: 580

description: Enthält 1 Bild des Schwalbenwurz-Enzians.
Lattices and codes with long shadows
Creators: name: Elkies, Noam D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11H55, 11F11, 11H06, 94B05

description: In an earlier paper (math.NT/9906019) we showed that any integral unimodular lattice L of rank n which is not isometric with Z^n has a characteristic vector of norm at most n-8. [A "characteristic vector" of L is a vector w in L such that 2|(v,w-v) for all v in L; it is known that the characteristic vectors all have norm congruent to n mod 8 and comprise a coset of 2L in L.] Here we use modular forms and the classification of unimodular lattices of rank <24 to find all L whose minimal characteristic vectors have norm n-8. Along the way we also obtain congruences and a lower bound on the kissing number of unimodular lattices with minimal norm 2. We then state and prove analogues of these results for self-dual codes, and relate them directly to the lattice problems via "Construction A".
description: 8 pages. Note: Mark Gaulter has since established the existence of integers N_k also for k=2,3
Mobility and diffusivity in a generalized Frenkel-Kontorova model
Creators: name: Braun, Oleg M.
name: Thierry~Dauxois
name: Paliy, Maxim V.
name: Peyrard, Michel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular dynamics simulations are used to investigate the atomic mobility and diffusivity of a generalized Frenkel-Kontorova model which takes into account anharmonic (exponential) interaction of atoms subjected to a three-dimensional substrate potential periodic in two dimensions and nonconvex (Morse) in the third dimension. The numerical results are explained by a phenomenological theory which treats a system of strongly interacting atoms as a system of weakly interacting quasiparticles (kinks). Model parameters are chosen close to those for {\bf K}-{\bf W}(112) adsorption system.
description: 27 Revtex pages, 9 figures to appear in Phys. Rev. B
Essays on macroeconomics
Creators: Chi, Chun-Che
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Economics
Macroeconomics
Economic policy
Social service
Public welfare
Liquidity (Economics)
Devaluation of currency

description: This paper focuses on policies and regulations on open economies to achieve financial stability and social welfare. In the first chapter, I develop a dynamic model to study optimal liquidity regulations for multiple assets with differing levels of liquidity. I show that optimal macroprudential policies are affected by both asset liquidity and the multi-asset structure. Lower asset liquidity amplifies drops in asset prices and tightens the collateral constraint during financial crises, thus raising macroprudential taxes to discourage holding. With multiple assets, the marginal benefit of investing in one asset is affected by the future cross-price elasticities of all assets. Quantitatively, optimal macroprudential policies increases welfare by introducing a portfolio with more liquid assets and less borrowing. However, the Basel III reform deteriorates welfare, as agents overaccumulate liquid assets. In the next chapter, I focuses on the welfare analysis of currency depreciation through endogenous R&D where the economy faces a trade-off between the gain from export and disinvestment of technology. I show that real depreciation decreases welfare when productivity is endogenous, as the long-term bust due to sluggish productivity dominates the short-term boom in consumption and output. In the final chapter, I study the optimal monetary policy in this framework. The optimal policy is a targeting rule of inflation, output gap, and the terms of trade, considering the trade-off between the international purchasing power and the cost of importing R&D. The variation of the optimal monetary policy is larger than the standard Taylor rule and the optimal monetary policy under exogenous productivity.
Chemical constituents of Sophora flavescens Ait. and cytotoxic activities of two new compounds
Creators: name: Long, Guo-Qing
name: Wang, Dong-Dong
name: Wang, Jing
name: Jia, Jing-Ming
name: Wang, An-Hua
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biochemistry
Neuroscience
Pharmacology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Information Systems not elsewhere classified
Cancer

description: A chemical investigation of Sophora flavescens Ait. identified 6 compounds. On the basis of spectroscopic data, they were determined to be flavonoids and their analogues, among which were two previously undescribed compounds, sophoflavanone G (1) and sophoflavanone H (2). The inhibitory effects of new compounds against five human tumour cell lines were evaluated in vitro by MTT assays, which revealed potential inhibitory effects with IC50 values < 20 mM, in particular, compound 1 has shown significant cytotoxicity for several tumour cells with IC50 values around 20 mM, which was similar to cisplatin and potential to be used as tumour drugs.
From Automation to Autonomy in Smart Manufacturing: A Bayesian Optimization Framework for Modeling Multi-Objective Experimentation and Sequential Decision Making
Creators: name: Asru, Avijit Saha
name: Khosravi, Hamed
name: Ahmed, Imtiaz
name: Azeem, Abdullahil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Discovering novel materials with desired properties is essential for driving innovation. Industry 4.0 and smart manufacturing have promised transformative advances in this area through real-time data integration and automated production planning and control. However, the reliance on automation alone has often fallen short, lacking the flexibility needed for complex processes. To fully unlock the potential of smart manufacturing, we must evolve from automation to autonomous systems that go beyond rigid programming and can dynamically optimize the search for solutions. Current discovery approaches are often slow, requiring numerous trials to find optimal combinations, and costly, particularly when optimizing multiple properties simultaneously. This paper proposes a Bayesian multi-objective sequential decision-making (BMSDM) framework that can intelligently select experiments as manufacturing progresses, guiding us toward the discovery of optimal design faster and more efficiently. The framework leverages sequential learning through Bayesian Optimization, which iteratively refines a statistical model representing the underlying manufacturing process. This statistical model acts as a surrogate, allowing for efficient exploration and optimization without requiring numerous real-world experiments. This approach can significantly reduce the time and cost of data collection required by traditional experimental designs. The proposed framework is compared with traditional DoE methods and two other multi-objective optimization methods. Using a manufacturing dataset, we evaluate and compare the performance of these approaches across five evaluation metrics. BMSDM comprehensively outperforms the competing methods in multi-objective decision-making scenarios. Our proposed approach represents a significant leap forward in creating an intelligent autonomous platform capable of novel material discovery.