cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Universal Quantum Gates for Single Cooper Pair Box Based Quantum Computing
Creators: name: Echternach, P.
name: Williams, C. P.
name: Dultz, S. C.
name: Delsing, P.
name: Braunstein, S. L.
name: Dowling, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a method for achieving arbitrary 1-qubit gates and controlled-NOT gates within the context of the Single Cooper Pair Box (SCB) approach to quantum computing. Such gates are sufficient to support universal quantum computation. Quantum gate operations are achieved by applying sequences of voltages and magnetic fluxes to single qubits or pairs of qubits. Neither the temporal duration, nor the starting time, of a gate operation is used as a control parameter. As a result, the quantum gates have a constant and known duration, and depend upon standard control parameter sequences regardless of when the gate operation begins. This simplifies the integration of quantum gates into parallel, synchronous, quantum circuits. In addition, we demonstrate the ability to fabricate such gates, and large-scale quantum circuits, using current e-beam lithography technology. These features make the SCB-based scheme a credible contender for practical quantum computer hardware.
description: 8 pages, 3 imbedded figures
Diploglossinae Cope 1864
Creators: name: Conrad, J. L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Squamata
Anguidae

description: Diploglossinae Cope, 1864  (figs. 54D, 55D, 56C)   DEFINITION: All taxa sharing a more recent common ancestor with Diploglossus fasciatus than with Anguis fragilis, Glyptosaurus sylvestris, or Gerrhonotus liocephalus.
DIAGNOSIS: The current analysis recovers two unambiguous synapomorphies for Diploglossinae as defined here: 178(0) dentary ventrally convex along its long axis and 186(1) angular process of dentary terminates anterior to the level of the coronoid process.
 COMMENTS: The current analysis suggests a sister-group relationship between extant diploglossines and Apodosauriscus minutus, the latter having been originally described as close to Anniella. The current phylogenetic hypothesis should be further analyzed. Importantly, Wiens and Slingluff (2001) recovered a sister-taxon relationship between Anniella and diploglossines and Gauthier (1982) suggested that Anniella and Apodosauriscus are each other’s closest known relatives.
description: Published as part of Conrad, J. L., 2008, Phylogeny And Systematics Of Squamata (Reptilia) Based On Morphology, pp. 1-182 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2008 (310) on page 116
Value and Path for Farmers' Citizenship Cultivation from Agri-ecological Security
Creators: name: Chen, Ming
name: Chen, Ming
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Ecological security
subject: Citizenship
subject: Value
subject: Path
subject: China

description: Severe situation faced by China's agri-ecological security is elaborated. It is believed that cultivation of farmers' citizenship is the key to solving this problem, because it is favorable to consolidating farmers' independent and equal ideas, enhancing farmers' cooperative community idea, cultivating farmers' concept of rule by law, and strengthening farmers' fair and just moral concept. It is expected to make farmers fully exercise their civil rights and consciously perform their civil responsibilities. Finally, practical paths for cultivation of farmers' citizenship are put forward. These include improving market economy to promote equality of subjects, carrying out democratic practice to stimulate public participation, prospering cultural education to make clear public liability, propagating law in villages to carry forward spirit of rule by law, and making definite government responsibility to encourage social supervision.
Exogenous Rewards for Promoting Cooperation in Scale-Free Networks
Creators: name: Cimpeanu, Theodor
name: Han, The Anh
name: Santos, Francisco C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Theoretical Economics (econ.TH)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The design of mechanisms that encourage pro-social behaviours in populations of self-regarding agents is recognised as a major theoretical challenge within several areas of social, life and engineering sciences. When interference from external parties is considered, several heuristics have been identified as capable of engineering a desired collective behaviour at a minimal cost. However, these studies neglect the diverse nature of contexts and social structures that characterise real-world populations. Here we analyse the impact of diversity by means of scale-free interaction networks with high and low levels of clustering, and test various interference mechanisms using simulations of agents facing a cooperative dilemma. Our results show that interference on scale-free networks is not trivial and that distinct levels of clustering react differently to each interference mechanism. As such, we argue that no tailored response fits all scale-free networks and present which mechanisms are more efficient at fostering cooperation in both types of networks. Finally, we discuss the pitfalls of considering reckless interference mechanisms.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, to appear in the Proceedings of the Artifical Life Conference 2019, 29 July - 2 August 2019, Newcastle, England
Additional file 1 of Topology-enhanced molecular graph representation for anti-breast cancer drug selection
Creators: name: Gao, Yue
name: Chen, Songling
name: Tong, Junyi
name: Fu, Xiangling
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Descriptions of components of the feature initialization for the atomic nodes.
Analyzing the semileptonic and nonleptonic $B_c \to J/ψ, η_c$ decays
Creators: name: Biswas, Aritra
name: Nandi, Soumitra
name: Sahoo, Shantanu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This study focuses on the decay of the $B_c$ meson to S-wave charmonia. Starting with lattice inputs on $B_c\to J/ψ$ form factors, we have obtained the $B_c\toη_c$ form factors using heavy quark spin symmetry (HQSS) relations between the associated form factors after parametrizing and extracting the possible symmetry breaking corrections. Using the $q^2$ shapes of these form factors, we have computed the branching fractions $\mathcal{B}(B_c^-\to η_c\ell^-\barν)$ (with $\ell =τ, μ(e)$) and the decay rate distributions and have predicted the Standard model estimate for the observable $R(η_c)=Γ(B_c^-\to η_cτ^-\barν)/Γ(B_c^-\to η_cμ^-\barν) =0.310 \pm 0.042$. In addition, we have estimated the radial wave functions $ψ_{B_c}^R(0)$, $ψ_{J/ψ}^R(0)$ and $ψ_{η_c}^R(0)$ at small quark-antiquark distances from the available information on the form factors from lattice, the lattice inputs on the decay constants $f_{J/ψ}$, $f_{η_c}$, $f_{B_c}$ and experimental data on radiative and rare decays of the $J/ψ$ and $η_c$ mesons. To do so, we choose the theory framework of non-relativistic QCD (NRQCD) effective theory. Using our results, we have predicted the branching fractions of a few non-leptonic decays of $B_c \to J/ψ$ or $η_c$ and other light mesons. We have also updated the numerical estimates of the cross sections $σ(e^+e^- \to J/ψη_c, η_cγ)$ and predicted the branching fractions of $Z$ boson decays to either $J/ψ$ or $η_c$ final states or both.
description: 34 Pages, 17 Tables, 6 Figures
Effects of Quenching and Partial Quenching on Penguin Matrix Elements
Creators: name: Golterman, Maarten
name: Pallante, Elisabetta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the calculation of non-leptonic weak decay rates, a "mismatch" arises when the QCD evolution of the relevant weak hamiltonian down to hadronic scales is performed in unquenched QCD, but the hadronic matrix elements are then computed in (partially) quenched lattice QCD. This mismatch arises because the transformation properties of penguin operators under chiral symmetry change in the transition from unquenched to (partially) quenched QCD. Here we discuss QCD-penguin contributions to $ΔS=1$ matrix elements, and show that new low-energy constants contribute at leading order in chiral perturbation theory in this case. In the partially quenched case (in which sea quarks are present), these low-energy constants are related to electro-magnetic penguins, while in the quenched case (with no sea quarks) no such relation exists. As a simple example, we give explicit results for $K^+\toπ^+$ and $K^0\to vacuum$ matrix elements, and discuss the implications for lattice determinations of $K\toππ$ amplitudes from these matrix elements.
description: 10 pages, minor corrections, ref. added, to appear in JHEP
title: PhDAI. Reports of the Young Research Network, Band 2 (2023)
title: Band 2 (2023)
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: PhDAI. Reports Of The Young Research Network
Publisher: name: PhDAI. Reports of the Young Research Network
Year: 2023

description: Coverbild: Blick auf den Taltempel des Unas aus der 5. Dynastie (Altes Reich) in Saqqara mit zwei wieder aufgerichteten Palmsäulen (Foto: Jessica Jancziak)
description: Säulen in der ägyptischen Architektur und Kunst...1–20 (§)
Spätbronzezeitliche Siedlungshügel in Makedonien und ihre »Gebaute Umwelt«...1–33 (§)
Überlegungen zur zeitlichen Einordnung der beiden Keramikofenareale von Karakorum...1–23 (§)
Research on the Culture of Innovation in Agricultural Research Institutes
Creators: name: Han, Jin
name: Li, Si-Jing
name: Lu, Jian-Zhong
name: Han, Jin
name: Li, Si-Jing
name: Lu, Jian-Zhong
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural research institutes
subject: The culture of innovation
subject: China

description: This paper depicts the definition, elements and connotation of the culture of innovation in agricultural research institutes, and points out that the culture of innovation consists of conceptual culture, institutional culture, behaviour culture, and park culture. Through analysing the characteristics of the culture of innovation in agricultural research institutes, it has the following characteristics: stability, openness, systematicness, selfawareness, uniqueness. According to the general law of cultural development, we divide the development of the culture of innovation into cultural diagnosis of institutes, publicity and guidance, content building of the culture of innovation, solidifying and deepening of the culture of innovation, and points out the building path of the culture of innovation in agricultural research institutes. Finally this paper proposes the countermeasures and suggestions as follows: the building of the culture of innovation in agricultural research institutes should be combined with long-term development strategy; the building of the culture of innovation in agricultural research institutes should be combined with service and technology innovation; the building of the culture of innovation in agricultural research institutes should be combined with implementation of various kinds of specific work.
Estimate of Contribution from P-D Mixing in Atomic PNC
Creators: name: Welliver, M. C.
name: Pollock, S. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate possible contributions to future atomic parity nonconservation (PNC) experiments from parity admixtures between single-electron atomic states with total angular momentum $j = 3/2$. We develop new formalism for studying these admixtures between atomic $p$ and $d$ states, which enter only when finite nuclear size effects are considered and have been neglected in the literature to date. We use analytic approximations to provide an order-of-magnitude estimate of the contribution from these admixtures, and identify a dimensionless ratio which sets the scale of the correction. Using realistic numerical wavefunctions in \baplus we confirm the results of our analytic expressions, and conclude quantitatively that these novel admixtures are likely to be negligible in essentially all cases.
description: 11 pages, no figures, submitted to Phys Lett B
Summary and Outlook of the International Workshop on Aging Phenomena in Gaseous Detectors (DESY, Hamburg, October, 2001)
Creators: name: Titov, M.
name: Hohlmann, M.
name: Padilla, C.
name: Tesch, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High Energy Physics experiments are currently entering a new era which requires the operation of gaseous particle detectors at unprecedented high rates and integrated particle fluxes. Full functionality of such detectors over the lifetime of an experiment in a harsh radiation environment is of prime concern to the involved experimenters. New classes of gaseous detectors such as large-scale straw-type detectors, Micro-pattern Gas Detectors and related detector types with their own specific aging effects have evolved since the first workshop on wire chamber aging was held at LBL, Berkeley in 1986. In light of these developments and as detector aging is a notoriously complex field, the goal of the workshop was to provide a forum for interested experimentalists to review the progress in understanding of aging effects and to exchange recent experiences. A brief summary of the main results and experiences reported at the 2001 workshop is presented, with the goal of providing a systematic review of aging effects in state-of-the-art and future gaseous detectors.
description: 14 pages, 2 pictures. Presented at the IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference, November 4-10, 2001, San Diego, USA. Submitted to IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci (IEEE-TNS)
Lengths of divisible codes -- the missing cases
Creators: name: Kurz, Sascha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 51E23, 05B40)

description: A linear code $C$ over $\mathbb{F}_q$ is called $Δ$-divisible if the Hamming weights $\operatorname{wt}(c)$ of all codewords $c \in C$ are divisible by $Δ$. The possible effective lengths of $q^r$-divisible codes have been completely characterized for each prime power $q$ and each non-negative integer $r$. The study of $Δ$ divisible codes was initiated by Harold Ward. If $c$ divides $Δ$ but is coprime to $q$, then each $Δ$-divisible code $C$ over $\F_q$ is the $c$-fold repetition of a $Δ/c$-divisible code. Here we determine the possible effective lengths of $p^r$-divisible codes over finite fields of characteristic $p$, where $p\in\mathbb{N}$ but $p^r$ is not a power of the field size, i.e., the missing cases.
description: 11 pages, 1 table
Glyptosaurini Sullivan 1979
Creators: name: Conrad, J. L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Squamata
Anguidae

description: Glyptosaurini Sullivan, 1979  (figs. 54D, 55D)   DEFINITION: All taxa sharing a more recent common ancestor with Glyptosaurus sylvestris than with Melanosaurus maximus.
DIAGNOSIS: This clade is diagnosed by 50(1) dermal rugosities on the postorbital process of the jugal, 80(1) short parietal supratemporal processes (see character description above), 298(1) small and irregularly shaped cephalic scales and 310(2) osteoderms thickened and expressed as polygonal mounds.
description: Published as part of Conrad, J. L., 2008, Phylogeny And Systematics Of Squamata (Reptilia) Based On Morphology, pp. 1-182 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2008 (310) on page 118
Effects of dilution in a 2D topological magnon insulator
Creators: name: Oliveira, Miguel S.
name: Antão, T. V. C.
name: Castro, Eduardo V.
name: Peres, Nuno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effect of diluting a two-dimensional ferromagnetic insulator hosting a topological phase in the clean limit. By considering the ferromagnetic Heisenberg model in the honeycomb lattice with second nearest-neighbor Dzyanshikii-Moriya interaction, and working in the linear spin-wave approximation, we establish the topological phase diagram as a function of the fraction $p$ of diluted magnetic atoms. The topological phase with Chern number $C=1$ is robust up to a moderate dilution $p_{1}^{*}$, while above a higher dilution $p_{2}^{*}>p_{1}^{*}$ the system becomes trivial. Interestingly, both $p_{1}^{*}$ and $p_{2}^{*}$ are below the classical percolation threshold $p_{c}$ for the honeycomb lattice, which gives physical significance to the obtained phases. In the topological phase for $pp_{2}^{*}$, when all states become localized, the system shows $C=0$ as expected for a trivial phase. Replacing magnetic with non-magnetic atoms in a systems hosting a magnon Chern insulator in the clean limit puts all the three phases within experimental reach.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Überlegungen zur zeitlichen Einordnung der beiden Keramikofenareale von Karakorum
Creators: name: Fabry, Janna
Publisher: name: PhDAI. Reports of the Young Research Network
Year: 2023

description: Auf dem Stadtgebiet von Karakorum, der einstigen Hauptstadt des mongolischen Reiches sowie am nahegelegenen Orchonufer wurden in den 2000er Jahren zwei Brennofenareale von der Mongolisch-Deutschen Karakorum-Expedition ausgegraben und dokumentiert. In diesen Öfen wurde Baukeramik für die Gebäude der Stadt produziert. Eine der Hauptfragen, die sich bei der wissenschaftlichen Aufarbeitung dieser Anlagen ergibt, ist die nach der zeitlichen Einordnung der Errichtung der Öfen sowie dem Nutzungszeitraum dieser Werksareale. Vor allem der Vergleich des Fundmaterials der verschiedenen Grabungsplätze Karakorums und der historische Kontext der Stadt können hierbei Hinweise und mögliche Antworten liefern.
description: PhDAI. Reports of the Young Research Network, Band 2 (2023)
State-of-the-Art Vietnamese Word Segmentation
Creators: name: Cong, Song Nguyen Duc
name: Ngo, Quoc Hung
name: Jiamthapthaksin, Rachsuda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Word segmentation is the first step of any tasks in Vietnamese language processing. This paper reviews stateof-the-art approaches and systems for word segmentation in Vietnamese. To have an overview of all stages from building corpora to developing toolkits, we discuss building the corpus stage, approaches applied to solve the word segmentation and existing toolkits to segment words in Vietnamese sentences. In addition, this study shows clearly the motivations on building corpus and implementing machine learning techniques to improve the accuracy for Vietnamese word segmentation. According to our observation, this study also reports a few of achivements and limitations in existing Vietnamese word segmentation systems.
description: 2016 2nd International Conference on Science in Information Technology (ICSITech)
A Type II Hamiltonian Variational Principle and Adjoint Systems for Lie Groups
Creators: name: Tran, Brian K.
name: Leok, Melvin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present a novel Type II variational principle on the cotangent bundle of a Lie group which enforces Type II boundary conditions, i.e., fixed initial position and final momentum. In general, such Type II variational principles are only globally defined on vector spaces or locally defined on general manifolds; however, by left translation, we are able to define this variational principle globally on cotangent bundles of Lie groups. Type II boundary conditions are particularly important for adjoint sensitivity analysis, which is our motivating application. As such, we additionally discuss adjoint systems on Lie groups, their properties, and how they can be used to solve optimization problems subject to dynamics on Lie groups.
description: Appears in: Journal of Dynamical and Control Systems
Simple check of the vacuum structure in full QCD lattice simulations
Creators: name: Dürr, Stephan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Given the increasing availability of lattice data for (unquenched) QCD with $N_f=2$, it is worth while to check whether the generated vacuum significantly deviates from the quenched one. I discuss a specific attempt to do this on the basis of topological susceptibility data gained at various sea-quark masses, since for this observable detailed predictions are available. The upshot is that either discretization effects in dynamical simulations are still untolerably large or the vacuum structure in 2-flavour QCD substantially deviates from that in the theory with 3 (or 2+1) light quarks.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures including in total 8 graphs, 2 tables; presented at QCD@Work: International Conference on QCD: Theory and Experiment, Martina Franca, Italy, 16-20 Jun 2001
Productivity of Dairy Production in Individual States
Creators: name: Tauer, Loren W.
name: Lordkipanidze, Nazibrola
name: Tauer, Loren W.
name: Lordkipanidze, Nazibrola
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: In a competitive market dairy production will shift to that region which is the most productive. Thus, this paper reports the measurement of productivity of dairy production in the various states of the U.S using recent Census data and non-parametric Malmquist index techniques. These are total factor productivity measures that do not require the assumption of cost or profit maximization behavior for aggregation. The Malmquist approach utilizes distance functions and can be used to measure technical and efficiency differences over time and between regions at a point in time. Using two output and six input variables, the distance functions were calculated via linear programming methods. The scalar values from those distance functions were used to calculate indexes for efficiency, technical, and productivity changes across the time periods. Individual state estimates of changes in efficiency, technology, and productivity from 1987 to 1992 were computed, divided by 1987 values. Over these states the average increase in productivity was 3.6 percent, or about 0.7 percent per year. Almost all of the productivity increase occurred from technological change, since the average increase in efficiency was only 0.1 percent. Technological change averaged 3.5 percent over the five year period, or about 0.7 percent each year. Ifthere is a significant decrease in the number of farms in a state, it might be expected that the remaining farms are more efficient, under the assumption that the least efficient farms are those that exit the industry. This was tested by regressing the percent change in efficiency on the percent change in farm numbers. The results were statistically insignificant. Likewise, if the output of the average farm increased it might be expected that efficiency might fall. This was tested by regressing the percent change in efficiency on the percent change in output per farm. Again the results were statistically insignificant. It was further expected that states that increased output per farm might have done so by using new technology. This was tested by regressing percent technological change on the percent change in output per farm. These results were also statistically insignificant.
Light Streak Photometry and Streaktools
Creators: name: Goodeve, Joshua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The accuracy of photometric calibration has gradually become a limiting factor in various fields of astronomy, limiting the scientific output of a host of research. Calibration using artificial light sources in low Earth orbit remains largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that photometric calibration using light sources in low Earth orbit is a viable and competitive alternative/complement to current calibration techniques, and explore the associated ideas and basic theory. We present the publicly available Python code Streaktools as a means to simulate and perform photometric calibration using real and simulated light streaks. Using Streaktools, we perform "pill" aperture photometry on 131 simulated streaks, and Markov chain Monte Carlo based point-spread-function (PSF) model-fitting photometry on 425 simulated streaks in an attempt to recover the magnitude zeropoint of a real exposure of the Dark Energy Camera instrument on the Blanco 4 m telescope. Our results show that calibration using pill photometry is too inaccurate to be useful, but that PSF photometry is able to produce unbiased and accurate (1σ error = 3.4 mmag) estimates of the zeropoint of a real image in a realistic scenario, with a reasonable light source. This demonstrates that light-streak photometry is a promising alternative and complement to established techniques, which should be explored and tested further.
description: Published in AJ, 18 Feb 2025
A Physics-Informed Neural Network approach for compartmental epidemiological models
Creators: name: Millevoi, Caterina
name: Pasetto, Damiano
name: Ferronato, Massimiliano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Compartmental models provide simple and efficient tools to analyze the relevant transmission processes during an outbreak, to produce short-term forecasts or transmission scenarios, and to assess the impact of vaccination campaigns. However, their calibration is not straightforward, since many factors contribute to the rapid change of the transmission dynamics during an epidemic. For example, there might be changes in the individual awareness, the imposition of non-pharmacological interventions and the emergence of new variants. As a consequence, model parameters such as the transmission rate are doomed to change in time, making their assessment more challenging. Here, we propose to use Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) to track the temporal changes in the model parameters and provide an estimate of the model state variables. PINNs recently gained attention in many engineering applications thanks to their ability to consider both the information from data (typically uncertain) and the governing equations of the system. The ability of PINNs to identify unknown model parameters makes them particularly suitable to solve ill-posed inverse problems, such as those arising in the application of epidemiological models. Here, we develop a reduced-split approach for the implementation of PINNs to estimate the temporal changes in the state variables and transmission rate of an epidemic based on the SIR model equation and infectious data. The main idea is to split the training first on the epidemiological data, and then on the residual of the system equations. The proposed method is applied to five synthetic test cases and two real scenarios reproducing the first months of the COVID-19 Italian pandemic. Our results show that the split implementation of PINNs outperforms the standard approach in terms of accuracy (up to one order of magnitude) and computational times (speed up of 20%).
Survey of Tobacco Policies in California Residential Treatment Programs
Creators: name: Yip, Deborah
name: Williams, Denise
name: Gubner, Noah
name: Guydish, Joseph
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Script for phone survey of tobacco policies in California residential substance abuse treatment programs
Electromagnetic form factors of bound nucleons revisited
Creators: name: Yakhshiev, Ulughbek T.
name: Meißner, Ulf-G.
name: Wirzba, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the possible modifications of the nucleons' electromagnetic form factors in the framework of a modified Skyrme model allowing for nucleon deformation and using realistic nuclear mass distributions. We show that such effects are small in light nuclei.
description: 5 pp, 2 figures
The Economics of Oil Palm Production in Chiapas, Mexico
Creators: name: Wolff, Christiane
name: Wolff, Christiane
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: This study focuses on the economics of a scheme to plant 50,000 hectares to smallholder-produced oil palm in the Mexican State of Chiapas, a region plagued with rural poverty and political unrest. The analysis concludes that oil palm is potentially the most profitable crop for the Soconusco region of Chiapas and offers suggestions for implementing the project.
Non-Market Valuation Techniques: The State of the Art
Creators: name: Rose, Steven K.
name: Rose, Steven K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: non-market valuation
subject: contingent valuation
subject: choice experiments
subject: travel cost method
subject: hedonic pricing

description: This paper presents individual overviews of the current issues and innovations regarding the application of the following non-market valuation techniques: contingent valuation, choice experiments, travel cost method, and hedonic pricing. Each technique is described conceptually and theoretically, followed by a discussion ofcurrent research, a critique, sample applications, and suggested additional reading.
Deep Just-in-Time Defect Prediction: How Far Are We?
Creators: name: Zeng, Zhengran
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: This repo illustrates how to evaluate the artifacts in the paper *Deep Just-in-Time Defect Prediction: How Far Are We?* published in ISSTA'21. Specifically, we first replicate the experiments on DeepJIT and CC2Vec under exactly the same setting and dataset of their original papers. We also build an extensive benchmark with over 310K commits in this paper. Accordingly, we further investigate how DeepJIT and CC2Vec perform under within-project and cross-project evaluation on the extensive benchmark. Next, we investigate the performance of various representative traditional features for JIT defect prediction. At last, we propose a simplistic “la” (lines added)-feature-based JIT defect prediction approach, namely *LApredict* which turns out to outperform DeepJIT and CC2Vec.
Shinisauridae Ahl 1930
Creators: name: Conrad, J. L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Squamata
Shinisauridae

description: Shinisauridae Ahl, 1930  (figs. 54E, 55E, 56C)   DEFINITION: Shinisaurus crocodilurus, Bahndwivici ammoskius, and all descendants of their last common ancestor.
DIAGNOSIS: Shinisaurids are diagnosed by 58(0) linear interorbital margins of the frontal and 205(0) retroarticular process lacking medial deflection (a reversal).
 COMMENTS: Shinisaurus has traditionally been considered a member of Xenosauridae (see above). Fan (1931) initially proposed the family Shinisauridae for Shinisaurus crocodilurus alone, but this group was demoted to subfamily by McDowell and Bogert (1954), a convention followed by many subsequent authors (Rieppel, 1980a; Gauthier, 1982; though see Hu et al., 1984). Given the extremely long missing history of the shinisaurid lineage and its potential to receive morphologically divergent taxa, the name Shinisauridae is applied here at the node containing S. crocodilurus and Bahndwivici ammoskius following Conrad (2006b).
description: Published as part of Conrad, J. L., 2008, Phylogeny And Systematics Of Squamata (Reptilia) Based On Morphology, pp. 1-182 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2008 (310) on page 119
Experimental Study of the Radiative Decays K+ -> mu+ nu e+e- and K+ -> e+ nu e+e-
Creators: name: Poblaguev, A. A.
name: Appel, R.
name: Atoyan, G. S.
name: Bassalleck, B.
name: Bergman, D. R.
name: Cheung, N.
name: Dhawan, S.
name: Do, H.
name: Egger, J.
name: Eilerts, S.
name: Herold, W.
name: Issakov, V. V.
name: Kaspar, H.
name: Kraus, D. E.
name: Lazarus, D. M.
name: Lichard, P.
name: Lowe, J.
name: Lozano, J.
name: Ma, H.
name: Majid, W.
name: Pislak, S.
name: Rehak, P.
name: Sher, A.
name: Thompson, J. A.
name: Truoel, P.
name: Zeller, M. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experiment 865 at the Brookhaven AGS obtained 410 K+ -> e+ nu e+e- and 2679 K+ -> mu+ nu e+e- events including 10% and 19% background. The branching ratios were measured to be (2.48+-0.14(stat.)+-0.14(syst.))x10^-8 (m_ee>150 MeV) and (7.06+-0.16+-0.26)x10^-8 (m_ee>145 MeV), respectively. Results for the decay form factors are presented.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, RevTeX4
Cross-Modal Search and Exploration of Greek Painted Pottery
Creators: name: Trinkl, Elisabeth
name: Karl, Stephan
name: Lengauer, Stefan
name: Preiner, Reinhold
name: Schreck, Tobias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper focuses on digitally-supported research methods for an important group of cultural heritage objects, the Greek pottery, especially with figured decoration. The design, development and application of new digital methods for searching, comparing, and visually exploring these vases needs an interdisciplinary approach to effectively analyse the various features of the vases, like shape, decoration, and manufacturing techniques, and relationships between the vases. We motivate the need and opportunities by a multimodal representation of the objects, including 3D shape, material, and painting. We then illustrate a range of innovative methods for these representations, including quantified surface and capacity comparison, material analysis, image flattening from 3D objects, retrieval and comparison of shapes and paintings, and multidimensional data visualization. We also discuss challenges and future work in this area.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures, preprint for a book chapter, supplementary video available at https://youtu.be/x_Xg0vy3nJY
Leioproctus (Exleycolletes) pusillus Maynard 2013, n.comb.
Creators: name: Maynard, Glynn Vivian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Colletidae
Leioproctus
Leioproctus pusillus

description: Leioproctus (Exleycolletes) pusillus (Cockerell, 1929) n.comb.
 Paracolletes pusillus * Cockerell 1929c: 208; 1934: 33.
 Leioproctus (Microcolletes) pusillus (Cockerell). Michener 1965:55.
 Type
 Paracolletes pusillus — Western Australia: holotype ♂, Geraldton, 4.ix.1926, Nicholson (AM).
 Additional material examined: 36♂ Western Australia: Watheroo Dist; Bolgart; 126 miles (201.6 k) N. Geraldton; between Coorow and Marchangee; N. New Noricia; 83 miles (132.8 k) S Newman, 29.viii.1971.
 Months collected: August, September, November
 Floral visitations: Myrtaceae: Baeckea pentagonantha; Proteaceae: Hakea erinacea
 Female —Unknown.  Male —  Length ca 7mm. Head— Hair white, fine, sparse, except on lower paraocular area where it is dense and appressed; flagella with F1–3 length less than width; F4–11 length greater than width. Mesosoma — Hair sparse, fine, white; metanotum with minute tubercle; propodeal triangle without distinct transverse carina delimiting basal area, many fine transverse carinae on both basal and vertical areas. Legs with anterior fore femora and tibiae yellow. Metasoma—Hair fine, white, erect; T7 without median bare area; S4 with dense, white, apical fringe; S5 with weak apical fringe; S6 almost bare, with sparse, short, white hair. For details of S7–8 and genitalia see figs 136–138.
description: Published as part of Maynard, Glynn Vivian, 2013, Revision of Goniocolletes and seven Australian subgenera of Leioproctus (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Colletidae), and description of new taxa, pp. 1-114 in Zootaxa 3715 (1) on page 76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3715.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6507387
Varanidae Gray 1827
Creators: name: Conrad, J. L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Squamata
Varanidae

description: Varanidae Gray, 1827  (figs. 55E, 56D)   DEFINITION: Varanus varius, Lanthanotus borneensis, and all descendants of their last common ancestor.
DIAGNOSIS: Varanids are united by 115(1) absence of palatine teeth, 118(1) pterygoid teeth arranged in a single line, 149(1) presence of an expansive crista tuberalis (see character description above), and 151(1) anterior location for the spheno-occipital tubercle.
 COMMENTS: The present definition of Varanidae follows that of common usage and previous phylogenetic definitions (Estes et al., 1988; Pianka, 1995; Lee, 1998; Bernstein, 1999; Conrad, 2004a, 2006a, 2006b). The clade as defined here was left unnamed in Lee (1997), a study in which the name Varanidae was defined as all taxa sharing a more recent common ancestor with Varanus than with Lanthanotus borneensis. Caldwell (1999a) produced a hypothesis of relationships differing from that of the current analysis (fig. 8), but that is one of the only recent studies to do so.
description: Published as part of Conrad, J. L., 2008, Phylogeny And Systematics Of Squamata (Reptilia) Based On Morphology, pp. 1-182 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2008 (310) on page 123
The Powell Conjecture and reducing sphere complexes
Creators: name: Zupan, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M27

description: The Powell Conjecture offers a finite generating set for the genus $g$ Goeritz group, the group of automorphisms of $S^3$ that preserve a genus $g$ Heegaard surface $Σ_g$, generalizing a classical result of Goeritz in the case $g=2$. We study the relationship between the Powell Conjecture and the reducing sphere complex $\mathcal{R}(Σ_g)$, the subcomplex of the curve complex $\mathcal{C}(Σ_g)$ spanned by the reducing curves for the Heegaard splitting. We prove that the Powell Conjecture is true if and only if $\mathcal{R}(Σ_g)$ is connected. Additionally, we show that reducing curves that meet in at most six points are connected by a path in $\mathcal{R}(Σ_g)$; however, we also demonstrate that even among reducing curves meeting in four points, the distance in $\mathcal{R}(Σ_g)$ between such curves can be arbitrarily large. We conclude with a discussion of the geometry of $\mathcal{R}(Σ_g)$.
description: 21 pages, many figures
Global Strong Solutions to the incompressible Magnetohydrodynamic Equations with Density-Dependent Viscosity and Vacuum in 3D Exterior Domains
Creators: name: Yuan, Bing
name: Zhang, Rong
name: Zhou, Peng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The nonhomogeneous incompressible Magnetohydrodynamic Equations with density-dependent viscosity is studied in three-dimensional (3D) exterior domains with slip boundary conditions. The key is the constraint of an additional initial value condition $B_0\in L^p (1\leqslant p<12/7)$, which increase decay-in-time rates of the solutions, thus we obtain the global existence of strong solutions provided the gradient of the initial velocity and initial magnetic field is suitably small. In particular, the initial density is allowed to contain vacuum states and large oscillations. Moreover, the large-time behavior of the solution is also shown.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2205.05925, arXiv:1709.05608, arXiv:1506.03884, arXiv:2112.08111 by other authors
Dynamical effects of a one-dimensional multibarrier potential of finite range
Creators: name: Bar, D.
name: Horwitz, L. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the properties of a large number N of one-dimensional (bounded) locally periodic potential barriers in a finite interval. We show that the transmission coefficient, the scattering cross section $σ$, and the resonances of $σ$ depend sensitively upon the ratio of the total spacing to the total barrier width. We also show that a time dependent wave packet passing through the system of potential barriers rapidly spreads and deforms, a criterion suggested by Zaslavsky for chaotic behaviour. Computing the spectrum by imposing (large) periodic boundary conditions we find a Wigner type distribution. We investigate also the S-matrix poles; many resonances occur for certain values of the relative spacing between the barriers in the potential.
Avalanches, thresholds, and diffusion in meso-scale amorphous plasticity
Creators: name: Tyukodi, Botond
name: Vandembroucq, Damien
name: Maloney, Craig E
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results on a meso-scale model for amorphous matter in athermal, quasi-static (a-AQS), steady state shear flow. In particular, we perform a careful analysis of the scaling with the lateral system size, $L$, of: i) statistics of individual relaxation events in terms of stress relaxation, $S$, and individual event mean-squared displacement, $M$, and the subsequent load increments, $Δγ$, required to initiate the next event; ii) static properties of the system encoded by $x=σ_y-σ$, the distance of local stress values from threshold; and iii) long-time correlations and the emergence of diffusive behavior. For the event statistics, we find that the distribution of $S$ is similar to, but distinct from, the distribution of $M$. We find a strong correlation between $S$ and $M$ for any particular event, with $S\sim M^{q}$ with $q\approx 0.65$. $q$ completely determines the scaling exponents for $P(M)$ given those for $P(S)$. For the distribution of local thresholds, we find $P(x)$ is analytic at $x=0$, and has a value $\left. P(x)\right|_{x=0}=p_0$ which scales with lateral system length as $p_0\sim L^{-0.6}$. Extreme value statistics arguments lead to a scaling relation between the exponents governing $P(x)$ and those governing $P(S)$. Finally, we study the long-time correlations via single-particle tracer statistics. The value of the diffusion coefficient is completely determined by $\langle Δγ\rangle$ and the scaling properties of $P(M)$ (in particular from $\langle M \rangle$) rather than directly from $P(S)$ as one might have naively guessed. Our results: i) further define the a-AQS universality class, ii) clarify the relation between avalanches of stress relaxation and diffusive behavior, iii) clarify the relation between local threshold distributions and event statistics.
Heavy Quark Effective Theory at one-loop order: An explicit example
Creators: name: ALPHA Collaboration
name: Kurth, Martin
name: Sommer, Rainer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider correlation functions containing the axial current of one light and one heavy quark in the static approximation as well as in full QCD, using the lattice regularization. Up to one-loop order of perturbation theory, we study the difference between the full and the effective theory in the continuum limit. In the full theory we find a term non-analytic in 1/m, revealing the asymptotic character of the 1/m-expansion. In general, deviations from the m-to-infinity limit turn out to be small and are well described by the first non-trivial terms when m is a factor 2-3 above the external scale. We also investigate the mass dependence of discretization errors, and find that the behaviour of the correlation functions at finite lattice spacing differs significantly from that in the continuum limit when the quark mass is large.
description: 21 pages, 9 figures, submitted to Nucl. Phys. B; acknowledgement added
Why is Inequality Back on the Agenda?
Creators: name: Kanbur, Ravi
name: Lustig, Nora
name: Kanbur, Ravi
name: Lustig, Nora
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty

description: This paper investigates the reasons why inequality, and distribution more generally, have come to the fore in the development discourse at the tum of the century, after a period of relative neglect in the 1980s. The paper considers, in particular the analysis of (a) efficiency and equity, (b) growth and distribution, (c) recent changes in inequality, (d) recent work on the complex patterns of inequality change in developing countries, and (e) inequality between countries. All of these different strands of analyses have ensured that inequality will be prominent on the development agenda in the decade to come.
Varaninae Camp 1923
Creators: name: Conrad, J. L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Squamata
Varanidae

description: Varaninae Camp, 1923  (figs. 54E, 55E, 56D)   DEFINITION: All taxa sharing a more recent common ancestor with Varanus varius than with Lanthanotus borneensis.
DIAGNOSIS: Varanines are diagnosed by 42(1) presence of a posterolateral flange on the lacrimal, 44(1) enlarged lacrimal foramen (see character description above), 107(1) rodshaped vomer, 194(0) anterior end of the coronoid clasping (rather than abutting) the dentary, 235(0) absence of true zygospheneszygantra, 257(1) presence of expansion/flattening of the anterior presacral ribs, and 281(1) absence of an intermedium in the manus.
description: Published as part of Conrad, J. L., 2008, Phylogeny And Systematics Of Squamata (Reptilia) Based On Morphology, pp. 1-182 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2008 (310) on page 124
Measurement of the mid-rapidity transverse energy distribution from $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=130$ GeV Au+Au collisions at RHIC
Creators: name: PHENIX Collaboration
name: Adcox, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first measurement of energy produced transverse to the beam direction at RHIC is presented. The mid-rapidity transverse energy density per participating nucleon rises steadily with the number of participants, closely paralleling the rise in charged-particle density, such that E_T / N_ch remains relatively constant as a function of centrality. The energy density calculated via Bjorken's prescription for the 2% most central Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=130 GeV is at least epsilon_Bj = 4.6 GeV/fm^3 which is a factor of 1.6 larger than found at sqrt(s_NN)=17.2 GeV (Pb+Pb at CERN).
description: 307 authors, 6 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, submitted to PRL 4/18/2001; revised version submitted to PRL 5/24/2001