cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
In vivo experimental study of anterior cervical fusion using bioactive polyetheretherketone in a canine model
Creators: name: Shimizu, Takayoshi
name: Fujibayashi, Shunsuke
name: Yamaguchi, Seiji
name: Otsuki, Bungo
name: Okuzu, Yaichiro
name: Matsushita, Tomiharu
name: Kokubo, Tadashi
name: Matsuda, Shuichi
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biomedical materials
Implants, Artificial
Spinal fusion
Surgery

description: Background:
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a widely accepted biomaterial, especially in the field of spinal surgery. However, PEEK is not able to directly integrate with bone tissue, due to its bioinertness. To overcome this drawback, various studies have described surface coating approaches aimed at increasing the bioactivity of PEEK surfaces. Among those, it has been shown that the recently developed sol-gel TiO2 coating could provide PEEK with the ability to bond with bone tissue in vivo without the use of a bone graft.

Objective:
This in vivo experimental study using a canine model determined the efficacy of bioactive TiO2-coated PEEK for anterior cervical fusion.

Methods:
Sol-gel–derived TiO2 coating, which involves sandblasting and acid treatment, was used to give PEEK bone-bonding ability. The cervical interbody spacer, which was designed to fit the disc space of a beagle, was fabricated using bioactive TiO2-coated PEEK. Both uncoated PEEK (control) and TiO2-coated PEEK spacers were implanted into the cervical intervertebral space of beagles (n = 5 for each type). After the 3-month survival period, interbody fusion success was evaluated based on μ-CT imaging, histology, and manual palpation analyses.

Results:
Manual palpation analyses indicated a 60% (3/5 cases) fusion (no gap between bone and implants) rate for the TiO2-coated PEEK group, indicating clear advantage over the 0% (0/5 cases) fusion rate for the uncoated PEEK group. The bony fusion rate of the TiO2-coated PEEK group was 40% according to μCT imaging; however, it was 0% of for the uncoated PEEK group. Additionally, the bone–implant contact ratio calculated using histomorphometry demonstrated a better contact ratio for the TiO2-coated PEEK group than for the uncoated PEEK group (mean, 32.6% vs 3.2%; p = 0.017).

Conclusions:
The TiO2-coated bioactive PEEK implant demonstrated better fusion rates and bone-bonding ability than did the uncoated PEEK implant in the canine anterior cervical fusion model. Bioactive PEEK, which has bone-bonding ability, could contribute to further improvements in clinical outcomes for spinal interbody fusion.
On higher-order corrections in a four-fermion Lifshitz model
Creators: name: Alexandre, J.
name: Brister, J.
name: Houston, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a flavour-violating four-fermion interaction in the Lifshitz context, in 3+1 dimensions and with a critical exponent z=3. This model is renormalizable, and features dynamical mass generation, as well as asymptotic freedom. At one-loop, it is only logarithmically divergent, but the superficial degree of divergence of the two-point functions is 3. We calculate the two-loop corrections to the propagators, and show that, at this order, the Lorentz-violating corrections to the IR dispersion relation are quadratic in the cut off. Furthermore, these corrections are too important to represent a physical effect. As a consequence, the predictive power of the model in terms of Lorentz-violating effects in the propagation of particles is limited.
description: 20 pages, 3 figures, comments added
Additional file 16 of Genetic variation and microRNA targeting of A-to-I RNA editing fine tune human tissue transcriptomes
Creators: name: Park, Eddie
name: Jiang, Yan
name: Hao, Lili
name: Hui, Jingyi
name: Xing, Yi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 16. Review history.
JRP15-AMR2.1-D5.4 WorldCOM 12M Report
Creators: name: Burke, Liam
name: O'Connor, Louise
name: Morris, Dearbháile
name: Higgins, Owen
name: Van Vliet, Arnoud
name: Caniça, Manuela
name: Manageiro, Vera
name: Berens, Christian
name: Menge, Christian
name: Gonzalez-Zorn, Bruno
name: Kisand, Veljo
name: La Ragione, Roberto
name: Smith, Terry
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: WorldCOM

description: WorldCOM 12M progress report
Moral lessons from the harsh teacher : Thucydides, Nietzsche, and the sophists
Creators: name: Thompson, Tristan Nicholas
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: This paper suggests an unconventional solution to the “moral question” regarding Thucydides' History of the Peloponnesian War. The term “moral question” refers to the fact that a significant number of current leading commentators on Thucydides think that the historian must have some form of moral outlook, but experience difficulty when they attempt to decipher a moral perspective from the historian's text. To find a solution to the “moral question”, this paper looks back to a short passage written by Friedrich Nietzsche titled “What I Owe to the Ancients.” In this short and highly personal essay, Nietzsche suggests that the key to properly reading Thucydides is to interpret him in the context of the sophists, teachers of rhetoric and moral philosophers prominent in Thucydides' 4th century Athens. By comparing statements on the sophists that appear throughout Nietzsche's body of work to the surviving writings of the sophists and their contemporaries, a picture of “sophist culture” is established, in order to test the hypothesis that Thucydides can be profitably interpreted as expressing a sophistic understanding of morality. A “sophistic understanding of morality”, in the simplest terms, centers on the the relativity of morals, the idea that morality has no real, concrete, and universal existence, and that morality is thus a fragile and changeable human construct. By following Nietzsche's picture of Thucydides as the “highest expression of sophist culture” to its fullest extent, we are able to answer the “moral question” of Thucydides' History, and to perceive a work that is itself a bold and challenging statement on the nature of morality, while containing relatively little explicit commentary on questions of right and wrong.
Controlled transportation of mesoscopic particles by enhanced spin orbit interaction of light in an optical trap
Creators: name: Roy, Basudev
name: Ghosh, Nirmalya
name: Gupta, Subhasish Dutta
name: Panigrahi, Prasanta K.
name: Roy, Soumyajit
name: Banerjee, Ayan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effects of the spin orbit interaction (SOI) of light in an optical trap and show that the propagation of the tightly focused trapping beam in a stratified medium can lead to significantly enhanced SOI. For a plane polarized incident beam the SOI manifests itself by giving rise to a strong anisotropic linear diattenuation effect which produces polarization-dependent off-axis high intensity side lobes near the focal plane of the trap. Single micron-sized asymmetric particles can be trapped in the side lobes, and transported over circular paths by a rotation of the plane of input polarization. We demonstrate such controlled motion on single pea-pod shaped single soft oxometalate (SOM) particles of dimension around $1\times 0.5μ$m over lengths up to $\sim$15 $μ$m . The observed effects are supported by calculations of the intensity profiles based on a variation of the Debye-Wolf approach. The enhanced SOI could thus be used as a generic means of transporting mesoscopic asymmetric particles in an optical trap without the use of complex optical beams or changing the alignment of the beam into the trap.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
Spatiotemporal Controls on Observed Daytime Ozone Deposition Velocity over Northeastern U.S. Forests During Summer
Creators: name: Clifton, Olivia Elaine
name: Fiore, Arlene M.
name: Munger, J. W.
name: Wehr, Richard
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Atmospheric ozone
Atmospheric deposition
Atmospheric deposition--Environmental aspects
Tropospheric chemistry

description: Spatiotemporal variability in ozone dry deposition is often overlooked despite its implications for interpreting and modeling tropospheric ozone concentrations accurately. Understanding the influences of stomatal versus nonstomatal deposition processes on ozone deposition velocity is important for attributing observed changes in the ozone depositional sink and associated damage to ecosystems. Here, we aim to identify the stomatal versus nonstomatal deposition processes driving observed variability in ozone deposition velocity over the northeastern United States during June–September. We use ozone eddy covariance measurements from Harvard Forest in Massachusetts, which span a decade, and from Kane Experimental Forest in Pennsylvania and Sand Flats State Forest in New York, which span one growing season each, along with observation‐driven modeling. Using a cumulative precipitation indicator of soil wetness, we infer that high soil uptake during dry years and low soil uptake during wet years may contribute to the twofold interannual variability in ozone deposition velocity at Harvard Forest. We link stomatal deposition and humidity to variability in ozone deposition velocity on daily timescales. The humidity dependence may reflect higher uptake by leaf cuticles under humid conditions, noted in previous work. Previous work also suggests that uptake by leaf cuticles may be enhanced after rain, but we find that increases in ozone deposition velocity on rainy days are instead mostly associated with increases in stomatal conductance. Our analysis highlights a need for constraints on subseasonal variability in ozone dry deposition to soil and fast in‐canopy chemistry during ecosystem stress.
Perceptual category learning of photographic and painterly stimuli in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) and humans
Creators: name: Altschul, Drew
name: Jensen, Greg Guichard
name: Terrace, Herbert
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Sensory stimulation
subject: Visual perception
subject: Rhesus monkey--Psychology

description: Humans are highly adept at categorizing visual stimuli, but studies of human categorization are typically validated by verbal reports. This makes it difficult to perform comparative studies of categorization using non-human animals. Interpretation of comparative studies is further complicated by the possibility that animal performance may merely reflect reinforcement learning, whereby discrete features act as discriminative cues for categorization. To assess and compare how humans and monkeys classified visual stimuli, we trained 7 rhesus macaques and 41 human volunteers to respond, in a specific order, to four simultaneously presented stimuli at a time, each belonging to a different perceptual category. These exemplars were drawn at random from large banks of images, such that the stimuli presented changed on every trial. Subjects nevertheless identified and ordered these changing stimuli correctly. Three monkeys learned to order naturalistic photographs; four others, close-up sections of paintings with distinctive styles. Humans learned to order both types of stimuli. All subjects classified stimuli at levels substantially greater than that predicted by chance or by feature-driven learning alone, even when stimuli changed on every trial. However, humans more closely resembled monkeys when classifying the more abstract painting stimuli than the photographic stimuli. This points to a common classification strategy in both species, one that humans can rely on in the absence of linguistic labels for categories.
title: Application of Raman Spectroscopy to Working Gas Sensors: From in situ to operando Studies
Creators: name: Elger, Ann-Kathrin
name: Hess, Christian
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2023

description: Understanding the mode of operation of gas sensors is of great scientific and economic interest. A knowledge-based approach requires the development and application of spectroscopic tools to monitor the relevant surface and bulk processes under working conditions (operando approach). In this review we trace the development of vibrational Raman spectroscopy applied to metal-oxide gas sensors, starting from initial applications to very recent operando spectroscopic approaches. We highlight the potential of Raman spectroscopy for molecular-level characterization of metal-oxide gas sensors to reveal important mechanistic information, as well as its versatility regarding the design of in situ/operando cells and the combination with other techniques. We conclude with an outlook on potential future developments.
de Sitter gauge theories and induced gravities
Creators: name: Sobreiro, R. F.
name: Tomaz, A. A.
name: Otoya, V. J. Vasquez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pure de Sitter, anti de Sitter, and orthogonal gauge theories in four-dimensional Euclidean spacetime are studied. It is shown that, if the theory is asymptotically free and a dynamical mass is generated, then an effective geometry may be induced and a gravity theory emerges. The asymptotic freedom and the running of the mass might account for an Inönü-Wigner contraction which induces a breaking of the gauge group to the Lorentz group, while the mass itself is responsible for the coset sector of the gauge field to be identified with the effective vierbein. Furthermore, the resulting local isometries are Lorentzian for the anti de Sitter group and Euclidean for the de Sitter and orthogonal groups.
description: Sections added. Text reviewed. References added. 14 pages, no figures. Final version to appear in EPJC
Aristotelia baltica A. Sulcs & I. Sulcs 1983
Creators: name: Junnilainen, Jari
name: Karsholt, Ole
name: Nupponen, Kari
name: Kaitila, Jari-Pekka
name: Nupponen, Timo
name: Olschwang, Vladimir
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Oxalidales
Elaeocarpaceae
Aristotelia
Aristotelia baltica

description: Aristotelia baltica A. Šulcs & I. Šulcs, 1983 Chalk Hills 18.VII.1998 (1♀). Other material studied. A. baltica (47 exx.): Latvia, Kandava, 25. VII.1994 (8 exx.), 27. VII.1994 (10 exx.), 21. VII.1995 (18 exx.), J. Junnilainen leg. (JJ); 21. VII.1995 (9 exx.), 24. VII.1996 (1 ex.), K. Nupponen leg. Estonia, Piusa, 15. VII.1995 (1♂), K. Nupponen leg. A. pancaliella (3♂♂): 1♂, “ Stgr. 973♂ Pancaliella Sarepta ” (MNHB); Turkey, Nevsehir 60 km S, Baglama, 22. VI.1999 (2♂♂), J. Junnilainen leg. (JJ). A. coeruleopictella (2♂♂, 1♀): Russia, Far East, Primorskiy Kray, Shkotovo distr., Anisimovka, 20. VII.1994 (1♂, 1♀), N. Savenkov leg. (coll. Šulcs). Russia, Primoriye, 43°10’N 132°46’E, Anisimovka, 300 m, 24– 28. VII.1998 (1♂), Jalava, Kullberg & Kaare leg. with a second label “ Aristotelia calloptera Om. det. M. G. Ponomarenko 20.04.1999 ” (ZMH). Remarks. The status of Aristotelia baltica is discussed in a separate paper (Karsholt & Savenkov 2009).
description: Published as part of Junnilainen, Jari, Karsholt, Ole, Nupponen, Kari, Kaitila, Jari-Pekka, Nupponen, Timo & Olschwang, Vladimir, 2010, The gelechiid fauna of the southern Ural Mountains, part II: list of recorded species with taxonomic notes (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) 2367, pp. 1-68 in Zootaxa 2367 (1) on page 17, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2367.1.1
description: {"references": ["Karsholt, O. & Savenkov, N. (2009) Beautiful gelechiid moths - Aristotelia baltica A. Sulcs & I. Sulcs, 1983, stat. n. and related species (Gelechiidae). Nota Lepidopterologica, 32: 89 - 97."]}
The (Protestant) Bible, the (printed) sermon, and the word(s): The semantic structure of the Conformist and Dissenting Bible, 1660–1780
Creators: name: Hoffman, Mark Anthony
name: Cointet, Jean-Philippe
name: Brandt, Philipp Soeren
name: Key, Newton
name: Bearman, Peter Shawn
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: christianity
Protestantism
Christianity
Bible
Semantics -- Methodology

description: Using co-occurrence methods for identifying semantic structure in texts, we first describe the structure of the Protestant Bible, focusing on the ways in which contents of the Bible are organized in both the New and Old Testaments. We introduce a strategy for capturing the co-occurrence of nouns and verbs in windows defined by verses that progressively move across the text, from start to finish in a manner similar to reading. We then consider how Dissenters and Conformists used the Bible by locating Biblical verse in sermons printed in England during the period from 1660 to 1780. We describe how chapters are linked by themes over time, by dissenting and conformist religious communities, and map Dissenter and Conformist uses of the Bible onto its semantic structure. We show that it is possible to induce a semantic network image of the Bible, that this structure serves as a skeletal frame for interpretation, thereby highlighting different contents as central to denominations’ religious inspirations and concerns.
Thermodynamic limit of random partitions and dispersionless Toda hierarchy
Creators: name: Takasaki, Kanehisa
name: Nakatsu, Toshio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35Q58, 81T13, 82B20

description: We study the thermodynamic limit of random partition models for the instanton sum of 4D and 5D supersymmetric U(1) gauge theories deformed by some physical observables. The physical observables correspond to external potentials in the statistical model. The partition function is reformulated in terms of the density function of Maya diagrams. The thermodynamic limit is governed by a limit shape of Young diagrams associated with dominant terms in the partition function. The limit shape is characterized by a variational problem, which is further converted to a scalar-valued Riemann-Hilbert problem. This Riemann-Hilbert problem is solved with the aid of a complex curve, which may be thought of as the Seiberg-Witten curve of the deformed U(1) gauge theory. This solution of the Riemann-Hilbert problem is identified with a special solution of the dispersionless Toda hierarchy that satisfies a pair of generalized string equations. The generalized string equations for the 5D gauge theory are shown to be related to hidden symmetries of the statistical model. The prepotential and the Seiberg-Witten differential are also considered.
description: latex2e using amsmath,amssymb,amsthm packages, 55 pages, no figure; (v2) typos corrected
Forces That Supplement Visuomotor Learning: A 'Sensory Crossover' Experiment
Creators: name: Bittmann, MF
name: Patton, James
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Previous studies on reaching movements have shown that people can adapt to either visuomotor (e.g., prism glasses) or mechanical distortions (e.g., force fields) through repetitive practice. Recent work has shown that adaptation to one type of distortion might have implications on learning the other type, suggesting that neural resources are common to both kinematic and kinetic adaptation. This study investigated whether training with a novel force field might benefit the learning of a visual distortion-specifically, when forces were designed to produce aftereffects that aligned with the ideal trajectory for a visual rotation. Participants training with these forces (Force Group) were tested on a visual rotation. After training with this novel field, we found that participants had surprisingly good performance in the visual rotation condition, comparable to a group that trained on the visual rotation directly. A third group tested the rate of learning with intermittent catch trials, where we zeroed the forces and switched to the visual rotation, and found a significantly faster learning rate than the group that trained directly on the visual rotation. Interestingly, these abilities continued to significantly improve one day later, whereas the direct training showed no such effect. All participants were able to generalize what they learned to unpracticed movement directions. We speculate that when forces are used in training, haptic feedback can have a substantial influence on learning a task that heavily relies on visual feedback. Such methods can impact any situation where one might add robotic forces to the training process.
The population genetics of human disease: The case of recessive, lethal mutations
Creators: name: Amorim, Carlos Eduardo G.
name: Gao, Ziyue
name: Baker, Zachary
name: Diesel, Jose Francisco
name: Simons, Yuval Benjamin
name: Haque, Imran S.
name: Pickrell, Joseph K.
name: Przeworski, Molly F.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Population genetics
Biology
Mutation (Biology)
Medical genetics

description: Do the frequencies of disease mutations in human populations reflect a simple balance between mutation and purifying selection? What other factors shape the prevalence of disease mutations? To begin to answer these questions, we focused on one of the simplest cases: recessive mutations that alone cause lethal diseases or complete sterility. To this end, we generated a hand-curated set of 417 Mendelian mutations in 32 genes reported to cause a recessive, lethal Mendelian disease. We then considered analytic models of mutation-selection balance in infinite and finite populations of constant sizes and simulations of purifying selection in a more realistic demographic setting, and tested how well these models fit allele frequencies estimated from 33,370 individuals of European ancestry. In doing so, we distinguished between CpG transitions, which occur at a substantially elevated rate, and three other mutation types. Intriguingly, the observed frequency for CpG transitions is slightly higher than expectation but close, whereas the frequencies observed for the three other mutation types are an order of magnitude higher than expected, with a bigger deviation from expectation seen for less mutable types. This discrepancy is even larger when subtle fitness effects in heterozygotes or lethal compound heterozygotes are taken into account. In principle, higher than expected frequencies of disease mutations could be due to widespread errors in reporting causal variants, compensation by other mutations, or balancing selection. It is unclear why these factors would have a greater impact on disease mutations that occur at lower rates, however. We argue instead that the unexpectedly high frequency of disease mutations and the relationship to the mutation rate likely reflect an ascertainment bias: of all the mutations that cause recessive lethal diseases, those that by chance have reached higher frequencies are more likely to have been identified and thus to have been included in this study. Beyond the specific application, this study highlights the parameters likely to be important in shaping the frequencies of Mendelian disease alleles.
Additional file 1: of In vivo tracking on longer retention of transplanted myocardin gene-modified adipose-derived stem cells to improve erectile dysfunction in diabetic rats
Creators: name: Zhang, Hai-Bo
name: Chen, Feng-Zhi
name: He, Shu-Hua
name: Liang, Yan-Bing
name: Wang, Zhi-Qiang
name: Wang, Li
name: Chen, Ze-Rong
name: Ding, Wei
name: Zhao, Shan-Chao
name: Wei, An-Yang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Table S1. Primer sequences used in this study. The forward and reverse primer sequences of Î˛-actin, PCNA, Îą-SMA, Calponin, myocardin, SRF, SOX2, and OCT4 are shown in Table S1. (DOCX 16 kb)
The Influence of Political Dynamics on Southern Lynch Mob Formation and Lethality
Creators: name: Hagan, Ryan
name: Makovi, Kinga Reka
name: Bearman, Peter Shawn
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: violence
subject: Lynching
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Violence
subject: Racism

description: Existing literature focuses on economic competition as the primary causal factor in Southern lynching. Political drivers have been neglected, as findings on their effects have been inconclusive. We show that these consensus views arise from selection on a contingent outcome variable: whether mobs intent on lynching succeed. We constructed an inventory of averted lynching events in Georgia, Mississippi, and North Carolina—instances in which lynch mobs formed but were thwarted, primarily by law enforcement. We combined these with an inventory of lynching and analyzed them together to model the dynamics of mob formation, success, and intervention. We found that low Republican vote share is associated with a higher lethality rate for mobs. Lynching is better understood as embedded in a post-conflict political system, wherein all potential lynching events, passing through the prism of intervention, are split into successful and averted cases.
Reduction of a symplectic-like Lie algebroid with momentum map and its application to fiberwise linear Poisson structures
Creators: name: Marrero, Juan Carlos
name: Padron, Edith
name: Rodriguez-Olmos, Miguel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53D17, 53D20, 37J15, 53D05

description: This article addresses the problem of developing an extension of the Marsden- Weinstein reduction process to symplectic Lie algebroids, and in particular to the case of the symplectic cover of a fiberwise linear Poisson structure, whose reduction process is the analogue to cotangent bundle reduction in the context of Lie algebroids.
description: 36 pages
Investigating the probe-tip influence on imaging using scanning near-field optical microscopy
Creators: name: Achmari, Panji
name: Siddiquee, Arif
name: Si, Guangyuan
name: Lin, Jiao
name: Abbey, Brian
name: Kou, Shanshan
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4006
subject: Communications engineering
classificationCode: 4008
subject: Electrical engineering

description: © 2021 Optical Society of America. Users may use, reuse, and build upon the article, or use the article for text or data mining, so long as such uses are for non-commercial purposes and appropriate attribution is maintained. All other rights are reserved.
Implementing a rational priority setting approach in community care in the Interior Health Authority: assessing fit, evaluating implementation, and determining impact
Creators: name: Cornelissen, Evelyn Constance
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Background: Priority setting approaches assist decision makers in choosing between various resource demands. One approach, Program Budgeting and Marginal Analysis (PBMA), supports decision makers to explicitly assess how resources can be used to maximize overall benefit from diverse service delivery options. Previous PBMA work establishes its efficacy (i.e., it can work) and also indicates that contextual factors complicate priority setting which can hamper PBMA effectiveness (i.e., whether it does actually work) in some settings. Methods: Using action research, researchers supported decision makers with implementing PBMA in a community care portfolio. Data were collected through semi-structured participant interviews (twenty pre-PBMA; twelve post year-1; nine post year-2), a pre-PBMA focus group (n=4), meeting attendance over three years, and document review. The interviews and focus group were transcribed. Data were analyzed using a constant comparison technique to explore PBMA effectiveness and implementation. Results: Fit emerged as a key theme in determining PBMA adoption and effectiveness. Here, fit refers to being of suitable quality and form to meet the end-users’ intended purposes and needs, and includes desirability, acceptability, and usability dimensions. Results confirm decision maker desire for rational approaches like PBMA. However, for several contextual reasons, most participants indicated that the timing and form in which PBMA was applied were not well-suited for this study. Their degree of acceptance of and buy-in to PBMA changed during the study: a leadership change, limited organizational commitment, and concerns with organizational capacity were key barriers to PBMA adoption. We found that adoption depended on contextual readiness and capacity, and that initial PBMA goals should include ensuring high-level commitment and moving toward more rational and evidence-informed decision making in general. Conclusions: These findings suggest that adding a contextual readiness/capacity assessment stage to PBMA, recognizing organizational complexity, and considering incremental PBMA adoption may help to improve PBMA’s effectiveness in some contexts. Based on these findings, tactics are suggested to more closely align PBMA with real-world priority setting practice. These suggestions may facilitate greater adoption, especially in contexts experiencing difficulty implementing PBMA. These insights may help in better understanding and working with priority setting conditions to advance evidence-informed decision making.
Investigating the probe-tip influence on imaging using scanning near-field optical microscopy
Creators: name: Panji Achmari
name: Siddiquee, Arif
name: Guangyuan Si
name: Lin, Jiao
name: Abbey, Brian
name: Shanshan Kou
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: © 2021 Optical Society of America. Users may use, reuse, and build upon the article, or use the article for text or data mining, so long as such uses are for non-commercial purposes and appropriate attribution is maintained. All other rights are reserved.
title: Why is haddock overtaking cod? Comparing the effects of temperature and habitat size on both species recruitment dynamics across the N Atlantic
Creators: name: Mantzouni, Irene
name: MacKenzie, Brian R.
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session C
Year: 2024
Subjects: Ecosystem observation, processes and dynamics
Pressures, impacts, conservation, and management

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.Demersal fish stocks in the N Atlantic have experienced serious declines and depletions due to overfishing during the last decades. For some species, such as haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus), the situation seems to change and certain stocks are starting to recover. Other species, like cod (Gadus morhua), however, still remain at low levels despite restrictive management measures or even fishing closures. The main aim of our study is to investigate whether the differing responses of these species are related to differing sensitivities of their recruitment dynamics to environmental forcing, and especially temperature. Thus, we developed stock-recruit (SR) models, in a hierarchical framework, combining data across their sympatric populations. By allowing the SR parameters to depend on temperature and habitat 2 size, it is possible to (i) determine the patterns of productivity and carrying capacity in relation to the these factors among and within species and (ii) to borrow strength and provide estimates of increased precision. Temperature during the spawning season was shown to have significant effects on the productivities of both species. Haddock, however, was found to be more resilient to warming conditions, and thus it had a higher reproductive rate than cod at increased temperature. We also found that, for both species, density-dependent regulation is determined by the available habitat size but the relationship is stronger for haddock. Synthesizing these patterns can improve our understanding of environmental impacts on key population parameter and lead to more reliable forecasts under different exploitation and temperature scenarios.
Comparing and combining process-based crop models and statistical models with some implications for climate change
Creators: name: Roberts, Michael J.
name: Braun, Noah O.
name: Sinclair, Thomas R.
name: Lobell, David B.
name: Schlenker, Wolfram
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Crop yields--Statistical methods
Crop yields--Data processing
Crop yields--Forecasting
Climatic changes

description: We compare predictions of a simple process-based crop model (Soltani and Sinclair 2012), a simple statistical model (Schlenker and Roberts 2009), and a combination of both models to actual maize yields on a large, representative sample of farmer-managed fields in the Corn Belt region of the United States. After statistical post-model calibration, the process model (Simple Simulation Model, or SSM) predicts actual outcomes slightly better than the statistical model, but the combined model performs significantly better than either model. The SSM, statistical model and combined model all show similar relationships with precipitation, while the SSM better accounts for temporal patterns of precipitation, vapor pressure deficit and solar radiation. The statistical and combined models show a more negative impact associated with extreme heat for which the process model does not account. Due to the extreme heat effect, predicted impacts under uniform climate change scenarios are considerably more severe for the statistical and combined models than for the process-based model.
The Misanthrope : 2012 via 1981
Creators: name: Lucas, Richard
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: The Misanthrope, a play written by French author Molière in 1666, remains relevant to modern audiences, as evidenced by recent high profile productions at the Stratford Festival, and on prestigious stages in New York, London, and Toronto. This paper examines different productions and translations, analyzes the play itself, and concludes with a proposal for a presentation of The Misanthrope that, I believe, will best connect with a Canadian audience in 2012. Chapter 1 is an examination of the play, its historical context, and its different translations. In Chapter 2, I analyse the characters and the themes of the play. Chapter 3 is a report on my 1981 presentation of The Misanthrope at the Dorothy Somerset Theatre at UBC. In Chapter 4, I provide an in-depth exploration and directorial analysis of how I would produce a staging of The Misanthrope in 2012.
Landsat-Derived Estimates of Mangrove Extents in the Sierra Leone Coastal Landscape Complex during 1990–2016
Creators: name: Mondal, Pinki
name: Trzaska, Sylwia A.
name: De Sherbinin, Alexander M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Mangrove plants
Mangrove management
Coastal zone management

description: This study provides the first assessment of decadal changes in mangrove extents in Sierra Leone. While significant advances have been made in mangrove mapping using remote sensing, no study has documented long-term changes in mangrove extents in Sierra Leone—one of the most vulnerable countries in West Africa. Such understanding is critical for devising regional management strategies that can support local livelihoods. We utilize multi-date Landsat data and cloud computational techniques to quantify spatiotemporal changes in land cover, with focus on mangrove ecosystems, for 1990–2016 along the coast of Sierra Leone. We specifically focus on four estuaries—Scarcies, Sierra Leone, Yawri Bay, and Sherbro. We relied on the k-means approach for an unsupervised classification, and validated the classified map from 2016 using ground truth data collected from Sentinel-2 and high-resolution images and during field research (accuracy: 95%). Our findings indicate that the Scarcies river estuary witnessed the greatest mangrove loss since 1990 (45%), while the Sierra Leone river estuary experienced mangrove gain over the last 26 years (22%). Overall, the Sierra Leone coast lost 25% of its mangroves between 1990 and 2016, with the lowest coverage in 2000, during the period of civil war (1991–2002). However, natural mangrove dynamics, as supported by field observations, indicate the potential for regeneration and sustainability under carefully constructed management strategies.
Using Quantitative MR-Imaging to relate GBM Mass-Effect to Perfusion and Diffusion Characteristics of the Tumor Micro-Environment
Creators: name: Abler, Daniel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018

description: Biomechanical forces are known to affect tumor growth and evolution [1]. Likewise, tumor growth drives physical changes in the micro-environment that affect tissue solid and fluid mechanics. Tumor mass effect, resulting from rapid tumor cell proliferation, has been shown to be prognostic for poor outcome in glioblastoma (GBM) patients and to be associated with the expression of gene signatures consistent with proliferative growth phenotype [2]. Similarly, elevated interstitial fluid flow (IFF) has been shown to drive GBM invasion [3].

This study investigates the relationship between tumor mass effect, diffusion, perfusion and IFF in GBM using anatomical (pre- and post-contrast T1 weighted, T2/FLAIR) and quantitative MR imaging (Dynamic Contrast Enhanced (DCE) MRI, and Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI)). We use data from 39 patients from the Ivy Glioblastoma Atlas Project (Ivy GAP)[4] which provides matched imaging, ISH, RNA, gene expression and clinical data over the course of treatment. We analyze pre-operative anatomic imaging data to determine the tumor-induced mass effect in each patient using quantitative measures such as ‘Lateral ventricle displacement’ [2]. Perfusion and diffusion measures are derived from pre-operative DCE and DWI imaging. Additionally, we estimate IFF velocities in the tumor region using DCE imaging data in combination with a computational model of fluid flow [5].

References:

	[1] R.K. Jain et al. Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng., 2014, 16, 321–346.
	[2] T.C. Steed et al. Scientific Reports, 2018, 8, 2827.
	[3] K.M. Kingsmore et al. Integr. Biol., 2016, 8 1246-1260
	[4] N. Shah et al. Data from Ivy GAP. The Cancer Imaging Archive 2016.
	[5] K.M. Kingsmore et al. APL Bioengineering, 2018, 2, 031905.
Compact binary coalescence parameter estimations for 2.5 post-Newtonian aligned spinning waveforms
Creators: name: Nielsen, Alex B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the parameter accuracy that can be achieved by advanced ground-based detectors for binary inspiralling black holes and neutron stars. We use the 2.5 PN spinning waveforms of Arun et al. (2009). Our main result is that the errors are noticeably different from existing 2PN studies for aligned spins. While the masses can be determined more accurately, the individual spins are measured less accurately compared to previous work at lower PN order. We also examine several regions of parameter space relevant to expected sources and the impact of simple priors. A combination of the spins is measurable to higher accuracy and we examine what this can tell us about spinning systems.
description: 26 pages, typos corrected, certain points emphasised after comments from readers
Biased random walk in positive random conductances on $\mathbb{Z}^{d}$
Creators: name: Fribergh, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the biased random walk in positive random conductances on $\mathbb {Z}^d$. This walk is transient in the direction of the bias. Our main result is that the random walk is ballistic if, and only if, the conductances have finite mean. Moreover, in the sub-ballistic regime we find the polynomial order of the distance moved by the particle. This extends results obtained by Shen [Ann. Appl. Probab. 12 (2002) 477-510], who proved positivity of the speed in the uniformly elliptic setting.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/13-AOP835 the Annals of Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS AMONG THE POPULATION, EDUCATION AND TRAINING FOR THE PRESENTATION MADANIIYAT EXPLAIN.
Creators: name: Ibragimova, Nilufar
name: Xotamova, Zulxumor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This article describes the population among environmental education, environmental education, environmental awareness, ecological culture, "Environmental education in the development ofirish concept",the age of the environmental literacy to increase, environmental problems and them prevent to get, environmental education and education improvement about the information given.
A New Computationally Efficient Measure of Topological Redundancy of Biological and Social Networks
Creators: name: Albert, Reka
name: DasGupta, Bhaskar
name: Gitter, Anthony
name: Gursoy, Gamze
name: Hegde, Rashmi
name: Paul, Pradyut
name: Sivanathan, Gowri Sangeetha
name: Sontag, Eduardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: J.3; J.4; F.2.2; G.2.1; G.2.2; G.2.3
subject: 68R10, 05C85, 05C82, 05C20, 05C40, 91D30, 92C42, 93C15, 37N25

description: It is well-known that biological and social interaction networks have a varying degree of redundancy, though a consensus of the precise cause of this is so far lacking. In this paper, we introduce a topological redundancy measure for labeled directed networks that is formal, computationally efficient and applicable to a variety of directed networks such as cellular signaling, metabolic and social interaction networks. We demonstrate the computational efficiency of our measure by computing its value and statistical significance on a number of biological and social networks with up to several thousands of nodes and edges. Our results suggest a number of interesting observations: (1) social networks are more redundant that their biological counterparts, (2) transcriptional networks are less redundant than signaling networks, (3) the topological redundancy of the C. elegans metabolic network is largely due to its inclusion of currency metabolites, and (4) the redundancy of signaling networks is highly (negatively) correlated with the monotonicity of their dynamics.
description: 18 pages
Anti-Intellectualism and Natural Food: The Shared Language of Industry and Activists in America since 1830
Creators: name: Kideckel, Michael Solomon
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Natural foods industry
Rhetoric
Food industry and trade--Political aspects
Political activists

description: This article uses the concept of “anti-intellectualism” to explain surprising overlaps in rhetoric between American food activists and the manufacturers they criticize. It shows anti-intellectual elements in the language of, in turn: Sylvester Graham, an influential lecturer during the 1830s; the Natural Food Company, maker of Shredded Wheat and an advocate for “natural food” in the early 1900s; and Michael Pollan, a leading figure in contemporary American food politics. These activists and manufacturers have spoken in an anti-intellectual style about nature and food, arguing that certain forms of knowledge and evidence are more natural than others. Each has favored similar ways of understanding nature, rejecting professionalized expertise for tradition, intuition, and the wisdom of more “natural” peoples. While disagreeing on the proper structure of food production and distribution, activists and manufacturers have both sought authority to tell people how to live by evoking similar visions of the American past. This shared ideal romanticizes a time in which women did more work at home, immigrants and indigenous people were even more marginalized, and custom and tradition more fully guided people’s food choices. With different politics and intentions, manufacturers and activists belong to the same lineage of food discourse and have both furthered an American tradition of anti-intellectualism.
The Multi-omics Toolbox (MOTBX): Empowering Multi-omics Research and Analysis for the Translational Medicine Community
Creators: name: Oldoni, Emanuela
name: Niehues, Anna
name: Tunstall, Tanushree
name: Florence, Bietrix
name: García Bermejo, María Laura
name: van Gool, Alain J.
name: 't Hoen, Peter A. C.
name: de Visser, Casper
name: Scherer, Andreas
name: Saracino, Sabrina
name: Najdekr, Lukáš
name: Stanková, Jarmila
name: Nordlund, Jessica
name: Hajdúch, Marián
name: Saunders, Gary
name: Andreu, Antonio L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: multi-omics
biomarkers
quality-control
EATRIS-Plus
EATRIS

description: Personalised medicine (PM) research seeks to identify interventions that can be targeted to individual patients based on their predicted response. Efficient advancement of PM depends on the availability of validated patient-targeted biomarkers. In order to deliver them, we need a more precise understanding of the molecular profiles of individuals, which is facilitated by multi-omics approaches. To turn the multi-omics promises into a reality, systemic bottlenecks impacting the biomarker field need to be overcome. As part of the EATRIS-Plus project, we developed the Multi-omics Toolbox (MOTBX), to support the translational medicine research community by providing validated resources, such as standardised protocols for individual omics performance and analysis, quality, and data management guidelines, for the development, the implementation and the adoption of multi-omics approaches in real PM. The MOTBX is a resource that has been built with, and for the community. This means that researchers are not only welcome to use the MOTBX, but to support its further development by actively contributing with valuable resources.
The Language of the Kharg Island
Creators: name: Borjian, Habib
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Iranian languages
Lexicology
Grammar, Comparative and general--Phonology
Typology (Linguistics)

description: Khargi is spoken on the island of Kharg in the Persian Gulf. A member of the Southwest branch of the Iranian languages, Khargi is related to the languages spoken in the province of Fārs and along the coastal line down to the Strait of Hormuz, suggesting extensive maritime contact, yet does not lend itself to any of the known subgroups of the family. As Khargi remains largely obscure, this article offers a morphosyntax and lexical analysis based on published texts and those collected by the author. It investigates the linguistic position of Khargi based on comparative-historical phonology as well as areal features, with a look at cross-linguistic influence in the situation of language contact. By contrasting linguistic findings with details of history and economy, an attempt is made to date the original and later human settlements on the island.