cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Event Structure of Transitive Verb: A MARVS perspective
Creators: name: Hong, Jia-Fei
name: Ahrens, Kathleen
name: Huang, Chu-Ren
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Module-Attribute Representation of Verbal Semantics (MARVS) is a theory of the representation of verbal semantics that is based on Mandarin Chinese data (Huang et al. 2000). In the MARVS theory, there are two different types of modules: Event Structure Modules and Role Modules. There are also two sets of attributes: Event-Internal Attributes and Role-Internal Attributes, which are linked to the Event Structure Module and the Role Module, respectively. In this study, we focus on four transitive verbs as chi1(eat), wan2(play), huan4(change) and shao1(burn) and explore their event structures by the MARVS theory.
description: Chinese Lexical Semantics Workshop 2011(CLSW 2011) published in International Journal of Computer Processing of Languages (Vol. 24, No. 01, March 2012)
Vários, Martin Luther in Okumenischer Reflexion. Ed. Akademia Teologii Katolickiej Warzawa. 1 vol. de 170 ps 205x150. Warzawa 1984.
Creators: name: Arieiro, José
Publisher: name: Theologica
Year: 1984

description: Theologica, v. 19 n. 1-2 (1984)
Análise dos recursos lúdicos no desenvolvimento da aprendizagem na educação infantil
Creators: name: Silva, Raniela Matias
name: Menezes, Aurelania Maria de Carvalho
Publisher: name: Id on Line Rev. Mult. Psic.
Year: 2023
Subjects: Desenvolvimento.
Ludicidade.
Recursos.
Prática Docente

description: Jogos, brinquedos e brincadeiras fazem parte do mundo da criança, pois estão presentes na humanidade desde o seu início. O presente trabalho trata do lúdico como processo educativo, demonstrando que ao se trabalhar ludicamente não se está abandonando a seriedade e a importância dos conteúdos a serem apresentados à criança, pois as atividades lúdicas são indispensáveis para o seu desenvolvimento sadio e para a apreensão dos conhecimentos, uma vez quepossibilitam o desenvolvimento da percepção, da imaginação,  da fantasia e dos sentimentos. Por meio das atividades lúdicas, a criança comunica-se consigomesma e com o mundo, aceita a existência dos outros, estabelece relações sociais, constrói conhecimentos, desenvolvendo-se integralmente. A metodologia utilizada nesse trabalho foi a pesquisa bibliográfica, para embasamento teórico a fim de ampliar e aprofundar os conhecimentos sobre o tema escolhido. Este trabalho é relevante para conhecer contextos teóricos que relatam o brincar e sua relação com o desenvolvimento da criança.
Costa, Avelino de Jesus da, A Biblioteca e o Tesouro da Sé de Braga nos séculos XV a XVIII. Ed. Theologica. 1 vol. de 364 ps. 245x175. Braga I984.
Creators: name: Torres, Amadeu
Publisher: name: Theologica
Year: 1984

description: Theologica, v. 19 n. 1-2 (1984)
Altermagnetism: Exploring New Frontiers in Magnetism and Spintronics
Creators: name: Bai, Ling
name: Feng, Wanxiang
name: Liu, Siyuan
name: Šmejkal, Libor
name: Mokrousov, Yuriy
name: Yao, Yugui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent developments have introduced a groundbreaking form of collinear magnetism known as "altermagnetism". This emerging magnetic phase is characterized by robust time-reversal symmetry breaking, antiparallel magnetic order, and alternating spin-splitting band structures, yet it exhibits vanishing net magnetization constrained by symmetry. Altermagnetism uniquely integrates traits previously considered mutually exclusive to conventional collinear ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism, thereby facilitating phenomena and functionalities previously not achievable within these traditional categories of magnetism. Initially proposed theoretically, the existence of the altermagnetic phase has since been corroborated by a range of experimental studies, which have confirmed its unique properties and potential for applications. This review explores the rapidly expanding research on altermagnets, emphasizing the novel physical phenomena they manifest, methodologies for inducing altermagnetism, and promising altermagnetic materials. The goal of this review is to furnish readers with a comprehensive overview of altermagnetism and to inspire further innovative studies on altermagnetic materials which could potentially revolutionize applications in technology and materials science.
description: Submitted to Adv. Funct. Mater
Mass changes the diffusion coefficient of particles with ligand-receptor contacts in the overdamped limit
Creators: name: Marbach, Sophie
name: Holmes-Cerfon, Miranda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inertia does not generally affect the long-time diffusion of passive overdamped particles in fluids. Yet a model starting from the Langevin equation predicts a surprising property of particles coated with ligands, that bind reversibly to surface receptors -- heavy particles diffuse more slowly than light ones of the same size. We show this by simulation and by deriving an analytic formula for the mass-dependent diffusion coefficient in the overdamped limit. We estimate the magnitude of this effect for a range of biophysical ligand-receptor systems, and find it is potentially observable for tailored micronscale DNA-coated colloids.
Report on the European Music Economy
Creators: name: Antal, Daniel
name: Poort, Joost
name: Botazzi, Guilio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Music economics
subject: Digital Music Observatory
subject: https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85088944.html
subject: https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85141927.html
subject: https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85032446.html

description: For full reproducibility, following the Open Policy Analysis guidelines, create “live policy documents” that will aim to be first readable in the calendar year 2024, but will integrate data as they appear in the pipeline from the inception of the project (and illustration data at the Proposal Stage)
 The Report on the European Music Economy describes the policy context regarding the economy of music in Europe, with a summary of the EU27+ as a whole and detailed chapters on the target countries. It includes a chapter on the Bulgarian and Hungarian pilot study design, implementation, and results. Lastly, it analyses the transfer potential of the Bulgarian and Hungarian pilot study to other European music ecosystems, as a new best practice. It is designed to be readable as a stand-alone deliverable, but the data it presents will also be integrated into the Digital Music Observatory (D5.1).
description: This is a document that creates transparency about our planned research assumptions, methodologies, and some existing data assets. This is not a final document.
Field Theory of Active Brownian Particles with Dry Friction
Creators: name: Zhang, Ziluo
name: Yuan, Shurui
name: Komura, Shigeyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a field theoretic approach to capture the motion of a particle with dry friction for one- and two-dimensional diffusive particles, and further expand the framework for two-dimensional active Brownian particles. Starting with the Fokker-Planck equation and introducing the Hermite polynomials as the corresponding eigen-functions, we obtain the actions and propagators. Using a perturbation expansion, we calculate the effective diffusion coefficient in the presence of both wet and dry frictions in a perturbative way via the Green-Kubo relation. We further compare the analytical result with the numerical simulation. Our result can be used to estimate the values of dry friction coefficient in experiments.
Conducting The Deepest All-Sky Pulsar Survey Ever: The All-Sky High Time Resolution Universe Survey
Creators: name: Ng, Cherry
name: Collaboration, the HTRU
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The extreme conditions found in and around pulsars make them fantastic natural laboratories, providing insights to a rich variety of fundamental physics and astronomy. To discover more pulsars we have begun the High Time Resolution Universe (HTRU) survey: a blind survey of the northern sky with the 100-m Effelsberg radio telescope in Germany and a twin survey of the southern sky with the 64-m Parkes radio telescope in Australia. The HTRU is an international collaboration with expertise shared among the MPIfR in Germany, ATNF/CASS and Swinburne University of Technology in Australia, University of Manchester in the UK and INAF in Italy. The HTRU survey uses multi-beam receivers and backends constructed with recent advancements in technology, providing unprecedentedly high time and frequency resolution, allowing us to probe deeper into the Galaxy than ever before. While a general overview of HTRU has been given by Keith at this conference, here we focus on three further aspects of HTRU discoveries and highlights. These include the `Diamond-planet pulsar' binary PSR J1719-1438 and a second similar system recently discovered. In addition, we provide specifications of the HTRU-North survey and an update of its status. In the last section we give an overview of the search for highly-accelerated binaries in the Galactic plane region. We discuss the computational challenges arising from the processing of the petabyte-sized HTRU survey data. We present an innovative segmented search technique which aims to increase our chances of discovering highly accelerated relativistic binary systems, potentially including pulsar-black-hole binaries.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, IAU proceeding
Rodríguez, P., Iglesias Particulares y Prelaturas Personales. Ed. EUNSA. 1 vol. de 25 2ps. 240x160. Pamplona 1985.
Creators: name: Marques, José A.
Publisher: name: Theologica
Year: 1984

description: Theologica, v. 19 n. 1-2 (1984)
Additional file 1 of Is the eye a window to the brain in Sanfilippo syndrome?
Creators: name: Beard, Helen
name: Chidlow, Glyn
name: Neumann, Daniel
name: Nazzmer Nazri
name: Douglass, Meghan
name: Trim, Paul J.
name: Snel, Marten F.
name: Casson, Robert J.
name: Hemsley, Kim M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. A-type retinal ganglion cells in unaffected Thy1-GFP (A) and MPS IIIA Thy1-GFP mouse retina (B). Scale bar = 50 μm. The complexity of the dendritic tree was determined in GFP-positive RGCs in unaffected and MPS IIIA mice aged three, six, 12, and 20 weeks of age. We observed no significant difference in dendritic tree area (C), total dendritic tree cable length (D), or the total number of branch points or nodes (E). Negligible change was observed in soma diameter over the 20 week time course (F). Data represent mean ± SEM. *p<0.05.
Trans-dimensional 3D geometrical inversion: basics and field application example
Creators: name: Giraud, Jeremie
name: Caumon, Guillaume
name: Ogarko, Vitaliy
name: Rashidifard, Mahtab
name: Grose, Lachlan
name: Herrero, Julien
name: Stoica, Radu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This document is the PDF document of the presentation that was delivered by Jeremie Giraud for the following conference abstract: Jeremie Giraud, Guillaume Caumon, Lachlan Grose, Vitaliy Ogarko, Julien Herrero, and Radu Stoica [2023], Trans-dimensional 3D geometrical inversion: proof of concept and field application using gravity data from the Boulia region (Queensland, Australia), Abstract S1214, in proceedings of the 22nd Annual Conference of the International Association for Mathematical Geosciences, Trondheim (Norway): https://www.iamgconferences.org/iamg2023/shortAbstractsIAMG2023.pdf
It presents essential elements of a new 3D trans-dimensional gravity data inversion algorithm and shows a field application in the Boulian region (Queensland, Australia).
The original presentation has been modified prior to being saved in PDF format; a couple of minor typographic alterations have been made for accuracy.
Vários, A Mesa da Palavra. Subsídios para a educação permanente da fé a partir da Liturgia. Ed. Vozes. 1 vol. de 64 ps. 230x160. Petropolis 1982.
Creators: name: Arieiro, José
Publisher: name: Theologica
Year: 1984

description: Theologica, v. 19 n. 1-2 (1984)
Bistable soliton switching dynamics in a $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric coupler with saturable nonlinearity
Creators: name: Sahoo, Ambaresh
name: Mahato, Dipti Kanika
name: Govindarajan, A.
name: Sarma, Amarendra K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the switching dynamics in a $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric fiber coupler composed of a saturable nonlinear material as the core. In such a saturable nonlinear medium, bistable solitons may evolve due to the balance between dispersion and saturable nonlinearity, which we extend in the context of the $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric coupler. Our investigations of power-controlled and phase-sensitive switching show richer soliton switching dynamics than the currently existing conventional counterparts, which may lead to ultrafast and efficient all-optical switching dynamics at very low power owing to the combined effects of $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry and saturable nonlinearity. In addition to the input power, the relative phase of the input solitons and saturable coefficient are additional controlling parameters that efficiently tailor the switching dynamics. Also, we provide a suitable range of system and pulse parameters that would be helpful for the practical realization of the coupler to use in all-optical switching devices and photonic circuits. Finally, we develop a variational approach to analytically investigate the switching dynamics in such $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric couplers that excellently predicts the numerical findings.
description: 8 pages, 10 figures
Recursive prepositional phrases in child English
Creators: name: Robinson, Mitchell
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: In the biolinguistic enterprise, recursion is considered to be the signature feature of human language (Hauser, Chomsky & Fitch, 2002). As such, recursion has occupied a central position in syntactic theory for over twenty years. Recursion has also recently come to be the focus of much acquisition research, with numerous studies testing children for their comprehension and production of recursive phrase structures. The present study investigated 15 English-speaking children between the ages of 4;3 and 5;9 for their ability to produce recursively embedded prepositional phrases. The findings indicated that, at least from age 4, children can produce recursive prepositional phrases, with every child tested producing at least one recursive phrase. These results lend support to the notion that recursion emerges early and spontaneously in children’s grammars, and hints at the primacy of recursion as a linguistic operation.
Interferometer predictions with triangulated images: solving the multi-scale problem
Creators: name: Brinch, C.
name: Dullemond, C. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interferometers play an increasingly important role for spatially resolved observations. If employed at full potential, interferometry can probe an enormous dynamic range in spatial scale. Interpretation of the observed visibilities requires the numerical compu- tation of Fourier integrals over the synthetic model images. To get the correct values of these integrals, the model images must have the right size and resolution. Insufficient care in these choices can lead to wrong results. We present a new general-purpose scheme for the computation of visibilities of radiative transfer images. Our method requires a model image that is a list of intensities at arbitrarily placed positions on the image-plane. It creates a triangulated grid from these vertices, and assumes that the intensity inside each triangle of the grid is a linear function. The Fourier integral over each triangle is then evaluated with an analytic expression and the complex visibility of the entire image is then the sum of all triangles. The result is a robust Fourier trans- form that does not suffer from aliasing effects due to grid regularities. The method automatically ensures that all structure contained in the model gets reflected in the Fourier transform.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Topological structures, dark matter and gravitational waves in $E_6$
Creators: name: Maji, Rinku
name: Shafi, Qaisar
name: Tiwari, Amit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the appearance of topological structures from the spontaneous breaking of $E_6$ to the Standard Model via its maximal subgroup $SO(10) \times U(1)_ψ$. They include dumbbells, metastable strings, as well as domain walls bounded by necklaces. We provide a novel scenario for producing metastable strings based on the symmetry breaking $U(1)_ψ\longrightarrow Z_8 \longrightarrow Z_4$. The metastable string arises from the merger of $Z_8$ strings that bound a domain wall. An unbroken gauge $Z_2$ symmetry from $SO(10)$ breaking yields viable stable dark matter candidates as well as topologically stable strings. We discuss the gravitational wave emission from two varieties of cosmic strings, namely the superheavy metastable ones and the intermediate scale topologically stable cosmic strings.
description: Minor comments included
The XMM-Newton spectral-fit database
Creators: name: Corral, A.
name: Georgantopoulos, I.
name: Rosen, S.
name: Watson, M. G.
name: Page, K.
name: Stewart, G. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The XMM-Newton spectral-fit database is an ongoing ESA funded project aimed to construct a catalogue of spectral-fitting results for all the sources within the XMM-Newton serendipitous source catalogue for which spectral data products have been pipeline-extracted (~ 120,000 X-ray source detections). The fundamental goal of this project is to provide the astronomical community with a tool to construct large and representative samples of X-ray sources by allowing source selection according to spectral properties.
description: Conference proceedings of IAU Symposium 304: Multiwavelength AGN surveys and studies
Superradiance-Mediated Photon Storage for Broadband Quantum Memory
Creators: name: Rastogi, Anindya
name: Saglamyurek, Erhan
name: Hrushevskyi, Taras
name: LeBlanc, Lindsay J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superradiance, characterized by the collective, coherent emission of light from an excited ensemble of emitters, generates photonic signals on timescales faster than the natural lifetime of an individual atom. The rapid exchange of coherence between atomic emitters and photonic fields in the superradiant regime enables a fast, broadband quantum memory. We demonstrate this superradiance memory mechanism in an ensemble of cold rubidium atoms and verify that this protocol is suitable for pulses on timescales shorter than the atoms' natural lifetime. Our simulations show that the superradiance memory protocol yields the highest bandwidth storage among protocols in the same system. These high-bandwidth quantum memories provide unique opportunities for fast processing of optical and microwave photonic signals, with applications in large-scale quantum communication and quantum computing technologies.
description: The main article consists of 6 pages including references and includes 3 figures. The supplementary information is of 9 pages and includes 6 figures. The journal link to the published article is also provided
Four-qubit photonic system for publicly verifiable quantum random numbers and generation of public and private key
Creators: name: Kolangatt, Mayalakshmi
name: Verma, Anirudh
name: Matta, Sujai
name: Sengupta, Kanad
name: Chandrashekar, C. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically propose and experimentally demonstrate the use of a configurable four-qubit photonic system to generate a publicly verifiable quantum random numbers, to perform entanglement verification, and to generate secure public and private key. Quantum circuits, to generate the desired four-qubit states and its experimental realization in the photonic architecture is carried out using photon pairs entangled in polarization and path degree of freedom. By performing measurements on the four-qubit system and accessing partial information of the four-qubit state for public verification, we generate publicly verified and purely secured random bits at the rate of 185 kbps from collective data of 370 kbps. When the system is used for generating public and private keys, an equal number of public and private keys are generated simultaneously. We also record about 97.9% of sampled bits from four-qubit states passing entanglement verification and demonstrate the use of public and private key generated for image encryption-decryption. The theoretical model of noise on the four-qubit state and its effect on the generation rate of verified and secured bits are in perfect agreement with the experimental results. This demonstrates the practical use of the small-scale multi-qubit photonic system for quantum-safe applications by providing the option for real-time verification of the security feature of the quantum system.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures
Additional file 2 of Is the eye a window to the brain in Sanfilippo syndrome?
Creators: name: Beard, Helen
name: Chidlow, Glyn
name: Neumann, Daniel
name: Nazzmer Nazri
name: Douglass, Meghan
name: Trim, Paul J.
name: Snel, Marten F.
name: Casson, Robert J.
name: Hemsley, Kim M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2: Figure S2. Representative images of ubiquitin immunolabelling in 25 week old unaffected and MPS IIIA optic nerve are shown (A, B). Arrows indicate ubiquitin-positive spheroids. Scale bar = 20 µm. (C) Ubiquitin-positive axonal spheroids >5 µm diameter were quantified in optic nerve obtained from unaffected and MPS IIIA mice aged 3- to 25-weeks of age. ****p<0.0001.
Muscle Strength and Neuromuscular Control in Low-Back Pain: Elite Athletes Versus General Population
Creators: name: Moreno Catalá, María
name: Schroll, Arno
name: Laube, Gunnar
name: Arampatzis, Adamantios
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: trunk muscle strength
subject: local dynamic stability
subject: quick-release
subject: onset time
subject: erector spinae
subject: MiSpEx
subject: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: The purpose of the study was to investigate the athletic-based specificity of muscle strength and neuromuscular control of spine stability in chronic non-specific low-back pain (LBP). Thirty elite athletes and 29 age-matched non-athletes with (15 athletes and 15 non-athletes) and without LBP (15 athletes and 14 non-athletes) participated in the study. Muscle strength was measured during maximal isometric trunk flexion and trunk extension contractions. The neuromuscular control of spine stability was analyzed by determining trunk stiffness, trunk damping, and onset times of the lumbar and thoracic erector spinae muscles after sudden perturbations (quick release experiments) as well as maximum Lyapunov exponents (local dynamic stability) using non-linear time series analysis of repetitive lifting movements. LBP was assessed using the visual analog scale. We found lower maximal trunk extension moments (p = 0.03), higher trunk damping (p = 0.018) and shorter onset times (p = 0.03) of the investigated trunk muscles in LBP patients in both athletes and non-athletes. Trunk stiffness and the local dynamic stability did not show any differences (p = 0.136 and p = 0.375, respectively) between LBP patients and healthy controls in both groups. It can be concluded that, despite the high-level of training in athletes, both athletes and non-athletes with LBP showed the same deconditioning of the lumbar extensor muscles and developed similar strategies to ensure spine stability after sudden perturbations to protect the spine from pain and damage. The findings highlight that specific training interventions for the trunk muscles are not only crucial for individuals of the general population, but also for well-trained athletes.
PPMXL photometric study of four open cluster candidates (Ivanov 2, Ivanov 7, Ivanov 9 and Harvard 9)
Creators: name: Tadross, A. L.
name: Bendary, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The astrophysical parameters of four unstudied open star cluster candidates - Harvard 9, Ivanov 2, Ivanov 7, and Ivanov 9 - have been estimated for the first time using the PPMXL database. The stellar density distributions and color-magnitude diagrams for each cluster are used to determine the geometrical structure (cluster center, limited radius, core and tidal radii, the distances from the Sun, from the Galactic center and from the Galactic plane). Also, the main photometric parameters (age, distance modulus, color excesses, membership, total mass, relaxation time, luminosity and mass functions) are estimated.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures
Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy: A versatile tool for the investigations of plasmonic excitations
Creators: name: Roth, Friedrich
name: König, Andreas
name: Fink, Jörg
name: Büchner, Bernd
name: Knupfer, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The inelastic scattering of electrons is one route to study the vibrational and electronic properties of materials. Such experiments, also called electron energy-loss spectroscopy, are particularly useful for the investigation of the collective excitations in metals, the charge carrier plasmons. These plasmons are characterized by a specific dispersion (energy-momentum relationship), which contains information on the sometimes complex nature of the conduction electrons in topical materials. In this review we highlight the improvements of the electron energy-loss spectrometer in the last years, summarize current possibilities with this technique, and give examples where the investigation of the plasmon dispersion allows insight into the interplay of the conduction electrons with other degrees of freedom.
Continuous fake media detection: adapting deepfake detectors to new generative techniques
Creators: name: Tassone, Francesco
name: Maiano, Luca
name: Amerini, Irene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Generative techniques continue to evolve at an impressively high rate, driven by the hype about these technologies. This rapid advancement severely limits the application of deepfake detectors, which, despite numerous efforts by the scientific community, struggle to achieve sufficiently robust performance against the ever-changing content. To address these limitations, in this paper, we propose an analysis of two continuous learning techniques on a Short and a Long sequence of fake media. Both sequences include a complex and heterogeneous range of deepfakes generated from GANs, computer graphics techniques, and unknown sources. Our study shows that continual learning could be important in mitigating the need for generalizability. In fact, we show that, although with some limitations, continual learning methods help to maintain good performance across the entire training sequence. For these techniques to work in a sufficiently robust way, however, it is necessary that the tasks in the sequence share similarities. In fact, according to our experiments, the order and similarity of the tasks can affect the performance of the models over time. To address this problem, we show that it is possible to group tasks based on their similarity. This small measure allows for a significant improvement even in longer sequences. This result suggests that continual techniques can be combined with the most promising detection methods, allowing them to catch up with the latest generative techniques. In addition to this, we propose an overview of how this learning approach can be integrated into a deepfake detection pipeline for continuous integration and continuous deployment (CI/CD). This allows you to keep track of different funds, such as social networks, new generative tools, or third-party datasets, and through the integration of continuous learning, allows constant maintenance of the detectors.
Magnetograph Saturation and the Open Flux Problem
Creators: name: Wang, Y. -M.
name: Ulrich, R. K.
name: Harvey, J. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extrapolations of line-of-sight photospheric field measurements predict radial interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) strengths that are factors of ~2--4 too low. To address this "open flux problem,'' we reanalyze the magnetograph measurements from different observatories, with particular focus on those made in the saturation-prone Fe I 525.0 nm line by the Mount Wilson Observatory (MWO) and the Wilcox Solar Observatory (WSO). The total dipole strengths, which determine the total open flux, generally show large variations among observatories, even when their total photospheric fluxes are in agreement. However, the MWO and WSO dipole strengths, as well as their total fluxes, agree remarkably well with each other, suggesting that the two data sets require the same scaling factor. As shown earlier by Ulrich et al., the saturation correction $δ^{-1}$ derived by comparing MWO measurements in the 525.0 nm line with those in the nonsaturating Fe I 523.3 nm line depends sensitively on where along the irregularly shaped 523.3 nm line wings the exit slits are placed. If the slits are positioned so that the 523.3 and 525.0 nm signals originate from the same height, $δ^{-1}$ ~ 4.5 at disk center, falling to ~2 near the limb. When this correction is applied to either the MWO or WSO maps, the derived open fluxes are consistent with the observed IMF magnitude. Other investigators obtained scaling factors only one-half as large because they sampled the 523.3 nm line farther out in the wings, where the shift between the right- and left-circularly polarized components is substantially smaller.
The existence of a critical length scale in regularised friction
Creators: name: Kammer, David S.
name: Yastrebov, Vladislav A.
name: Anciaux, Guillaume
name: Molinari, Jean-Francois
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a regularisation of Coulomb's friction law on the propagation of local slip at an interface between a deformable and a rigid solid. This regularisation, which was proposed based on experimental observations, smooths the effect of a sudden jump in the contact pressure over a characteristic length scale. We apply it in numerical simulations in order to analyse its influence on the behaviour of local slip. We first show that mesh convergence in dynamic simulations is achieved without any numerical damping in the bulk and draw a convergence map with respect to the characteristic length of the friction regularisation. By varying this length scale on the example of a given slip event, we observe that there is a critical length below which the friction regularisation does not affect anymore the propagation of the interface rupture. A spectral analysis of the regularisation on a periodic variation of Coulomb's friction is conducted to confirm the existence of this critical length. The results indicate that if the characteristic length of the friction regularisation is smaller than the critical length, a slip event behaves as if it was governed by Coulomb's law. We therefore propose that there is a domain of influence of the friction regularisation depending on its characteristic length and on the frequency content of the local slip event. A byproduct of the analysis is related to the existence of a physical length scale characterising a given frictional interface. We establish that the experimental determination of this interface property may be achieved by experimentally monitoring slip pulses whose frequency content is rich enough.
description: 21 pages, 7 figures
Noise-injected analog Ising machines enable ultrafast statistical sampling and machine learning
Creators: name: Böhm, Fabian
name: Alonso-Urquijo, Diego
name: Verschaffelt, Guy
name: Van der Sande, Guy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Ising machines are a promising non-von-Neumann computational concept for neural network training and combinatorial optimization. However, while various neural networks can be implemented with Ising machines, their inability to perform fast statistical sampling makes them inefficient for training neural networks compared to digital computers. Here, we introduce a universal concept to achieve ultrafast statistical sampling with analog Ising machines by injecting noise. With an opto-electronic Ising machine, we experimentally demonstrate that this can be used for accurate sampling of Boltzmann distributions and for unsupervised training of neural networks, with equal accuracy as software-based training. Through simulations, we find that Ising machines can perform statistical sampling orders-of-magnitudes faster than software-based methods. This enables the use of Ising machines beyond combinatorial optimization and makes them into efficient tools for machine learning and other applications.
Absorptive corrections to the electromagnetic form factor in high-energy elastic proton-proton scattering
Creators: name: Poblaguev, Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, it was noted that absorptive corrections to the electromagnetic form factor in high-energy proton-proton scattering are important for the theoretical interpretation of the $p^\uparrow{p}$ and $p^\uparrow{A}$ analyzing power $A_\text{N}(t)$ measurements with the Hydrogen Jet Target polarimeter (HJET) at RHIC. Here, a concise expression for the absorptive correction was derived within the eikonal approach. The resulting analysis reveals a systematic bias, nearly independent of the beam energy, in the experimental determination of the real-to-imaginary ratio $ρ$ when absorption effects are overlooked in the data analysis. Quantification of this bias, as $ρ^\text{meas}=ρ+ (0.036\pm0.016)_\text{bias}$, was achieved using a Regge fit applied to available proton-proton measurements of $ρ^\text{meas}(s)$ and $σ^\text{meas}_\text{tot}(s)$. Considering the potential impact of such an effect on the experimentally determined $A_\text{N}(t)$, one may enhance consistency between the HJET and STAR measurements of the hadronic spin-flip amplitude. While the sign of the bias in the value of $ρ$ aligns with the anticipated effective increase in the proton charge radius in $pp$ scattering due to absorption, it amplifies the observed discrepancy between $σ^\text{meas}_\text{tot}$ and $ρ^\text{meas}$ values at $\sqrt{s}=13\,\text{TeV}$ as measured in the TOTEM experiment. Evaluation (using published TOTEM data) of the measured proton-proton $dσ/dt$ dependence on the absorptive corrections indicated that possible soft photon corrections to the hadronic amplitude slope may be essential for such data analysis.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
The low-density limit of the Lorentz gas: periodic, aperiodic and random
Creators: name: Marklof, Jens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 82C40, 35Q20, 37A17, 37D50, 60G55, 52C23

description: The Lorentz gas is one of the simplest, most widely used models to study the transport properties of rarified gases in matter. It describes the dynamics of a cloud of non-interacting point particles in an infinite array of fixed spherical scatterers. More than one hundred years after its conception, it is still a major challenge to understand the nature of the kinetic transport equation that governs the macroscopic particle dynamics in the limit of low scatterer density (the Boltzmann-Grad limit). Lorentz suggested that this equation should be the linear Boltzmann equation. This was confirmed in three celebrated papers by Gallavotti, Spohn, and Boldrighini, Bunimovich and Sinai, under the assumption that the distribution of scatterers is sufficiently disordered. In the case of strongly correlated scatterer configurations (such as crystals or quasicrystals), we now understand why the linear Boltzmann equation fails and what to substitute it with. A particularly striking feature of the periodic Lorentz gas is a heavy tail for the distribution of free path lengths, with a diverging second moment, and superdiffusive transport in the limit of large times.
description: Submitted to Proceedings of ICM 2014, Seoul
Modular Cryogenic Interconnects for Multi-Qubit Devices
Creators: name: Colless, J. I.
name: Reilly, D. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have developed a modular interconnect platform for the control and readout of multiple solid-state qubits at cryogenic temperatures. The setup provides 74 filtered dc-bias connections, 32 control and readout connections with a bandwidth above 5 GHz, and 4 microwave feed lines that allow operation to above 10 GHz. The incorporation of a radio-frequency (rf) interposer enables the platform to be separated into two printed circuit boards, decoupling the simple board that is bonded to the qubit chip from the multilayer board that incorporates expensive connectors and components. This modular approach lifts the burden of duplicating complex interconnect circuits for every prototype device. We report the performance of this platform at milli-Kelvin temperatures, including signal transmission and crosstalk measurements.
Open-Source Web Service with Morphological Dictionary-Supplemented Deep Learning for Morphosyntactic Analysis of Czech
Creators: name: Straka, Milan
name: Straková, Jana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present an open-source web service for Czech morphosyntactic analysis. The system combines a deep learning model with rescoring by a high-precision morphological dictionary at inference time. We show that our hybrid method surpasses two competitive baselines: While the deep learning model ensures generalization for out-of-vocabulary words and better disambiguation, an improvement over an existing morphological analyser MorphoDiTa, at the same time, the deep learning model benefits from inference-time guidance of a manually curated morphological dictionary. We achieve 50% error reduction in lemmatization and 58% error reduction in POS tagging over MorphoDiTa, while also offering dependency parsing. The model is trained on one of the currently largest Czech morphosyntactic corpora, the PDT-C 1.0, with the trained models available at https://hdl.handle.net/11234/1-5293. We provide the tool as a web service deployed at https://lindat.mff.cuni.cz/services/udpipe/. The source code is available at GitHub (https://github.com/ufal/udpipe/tree/udpipe-2), along with a Python client for a simple use. The documentation for the models can be found at https://ufal.mff.cuni.cz/udpipe/2/models#czech_pdtc1.0_model.
description: Accepted to TSD 2024
Monte Carlo simulations of the electron-gas interactions in the KATRIN experiment
Creators: name: Kellerer, Jonas
name: Spanier, Felix
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At the KATRIN experiment, the electron antineutrino mass is inferred from the shape of the $β$-decay spectrum of tritium. Important systematic effects in the Windowless Gaseous Tritium Source (WGTS) of the experiment include the energy loss by electron scattering, and the extended starting potential. In the WGTS, primary high-energy electrons from $β$-decay produce an extended secondary spectrum of electrons through various atomic and molecular processes including ionization, recombination, cluster formation and scattering. In addition to providing data essential to the simulation of energy loss processes, the electron spectrum also provides information important in the simulation of plasma processes. These simulations will then provide an insight on the starting potential. Here, a Monte Carlo approach is used to model the electron spectrum in the source for a given magnetic and electric field configuration. The spectrum is evaluated at different positions within the WGTS, which allows for a direct analysis of the spectrum close to the rear wall and detector end of the experiment. Alongside electrons, also ions are tracked by the simulation, resulting in a full description of the currents in the source.
description: 33 pages, 16 figures, accepted submission by JINST
Recent Developments on Hadron Interaction and Dynamically Generated Resonances
Creators: name: Oset, E.
name: Albaladejo, M.
name: Xie, Ju-Jun
name: Ramos, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this talk I report on the recent developments in the subject of dynamically generated resonances. In particular I discuss the $γp \to K^0 Σ^+$ and $γn \to K^0 Σ^0$ reactions, with a peculiar behavior around the $K^{*0} Λ$ threshold, due to a $1/2^-$ resonance around 2035 MeV. Similarly, I discuss a BES experiment, $J/ψ\to ηK^{*0} \bar K^{*0}$ decay, which provides evidence for a new $h_1$ resonance around 1830 MeV that was predicted from the vector-vector interaction. A short discussion is then made about recent advances in the charm and beauty sectors.
description: Talk at the The seventh International Symposium on Chiral Symmetry in Hadrons and Nuclei, Beijing, October 2013
Information geometry of quantum critical submanifolds: relevant, marginal and irrelevant operators
Creators: name: Mera, Bruno
name: Paunković, Nikola
name: Amin, Syed Tahir
name: Vieira, Vítor R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the thermodynamical limit of the quantum metric along critical submanifolds of theory space. Building upon various results previously known in the literature, we relate its singular behavior to normal directions, which are naturally associated with relevant operators in the renormalization group sense. We formulate these results in the language of information theory and differential geometry. We exemplify our theory through the paradigmatic examples of the XY and Haldane models, where the normal directions to the critical submanifolds are seen to be precisely those along which the metric has singular behavior, while for the tangent ones it vanishes -- these directions lie in the kernel of the metric.
description: 12 pages (including Appendix), 2 figures; closer to published version
Physics input for modelling superfluid neutron stars with hyperon cores
Creators: name: Gusakov, M. E.
name: Haensel, P.
name: Kantor, E. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations of massive ($M \approx 2.0~M_\odot$) neutron stars (NSs), PSRs J1614-2230 and J0348+0432, rule out most of the models of nucleon-hyperon matter employed in NS simulations. Here we construct three possible models of nucleon-hyperon matter consistent with the existence of $2~M_\odot$ pulsars as well as with semi-empirical nuclear matter parameters at saturation, and semi-empirical hypernuclear data. Our aim is to calculate for these models all the parameters necessary for modelling dynamics of hyperon stars (such as equation of state, adiabatic indices, thermodynamic derivatives, relativistic entrainment matrix, etc.), making them available for a potential user. To this aim a general non-linear hadronic Lagrangian involving $σωρϕσ^\ast$ meson fields, as well as quartic terms in vector-meson fields, is considered. A universal scheme for calculation of the $\ell=0,1$ Landau Fermi-liquid parameters and relativistic entrainment matrix is formulated in the mean-field approximation. Use of this scheme allow us to obtain numerical tables with the equation of state, Landau quasiparticle effective masses, adiabatic indices, the $\ell=0,1$ Landau Fermi-liquid parameters, and the relativistic entrainment matrix for the selected models of nucleon-hyperon matter. These data are available on-line and suitable for numerical implementation in computer codes modelling various dynamical processes in NSs, in particular, oscillations of superfluid NSs and their cooling.
description: 21 pages, 8 figures, 10 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS