cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Passalozetes (Passalozetes) africanus Grandjean 1932
Creators: name: Akrami, Mohammad Ali
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Sarcoptiformes
Passalozetidae
Passalozetes
Passalozetes africanus

description: Passalozetes (Passalozetes) africanus Grandjean, 1932
Iran localities. Abarkouh (Bayartogtokh & Akrami 2000 b). Tabriz (Haddad Irani-Nejad 2003). Firoozabad (Hajian et al. 2007). Amol road to Tehran (35 km.); Amol, Rineh road to Lar (Akrami 2008 b). Marand (Lotfollahi & Haddad Irani-Nejad 2010). Shiraz (Behmanesh & Akrami 2012 a; Ebrahimi & Akrami unpublished data). Zanjan (Rajabi et al. 2014).
Distribution. South central Palaearctic and Equatorial Guinea.
description: Published as part of Akrami, Mohammad Ali, 2015, An annotated checklist of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) of Iran, pp. 451-501 in Zootaxa 3963 (4) on page 484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/239832
Passalozetes (Passalozetes) prominens Balogh & Mahunka 1968
Creators: name: Akrami, Mohammad Ali
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Sarcoptiformes
Passalozetidae
Passalozetes
Passalozetes prominens

description: Passalozetes (Passalozetes) prominens Balogh & Mahunka, 1968
Iran localities. Ardabil, Moghan plain (Haddad Irani-Nejad et al. 2002). Distribution. Argentina.
description: Published as part of Akrami, Mohammad Ali, 2015, An annotated checklist of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) of Iran, pp. 451-501 in Zootaxa 3963 (4) on page 484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/239832
Lamellobates
Creators: name: Akrami, Mohammad Ali
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Sarcoptiformes
Austrachipteriidae
Lamellobates

description: Lamellobates sp.
Iran localities. Assaluyeh and Lengeh ports (Alikhani et al. 2012).
description: Published as part of Akrami, Mohammad Ali, 2015, An annotated checklist of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) of Iran, pp. 451-501 in Zootaxa 3963 (4) on page 484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/239832
Berlesezetes aegypticus Bayoumi 1977
Creators: name: Akrami, Mohammad Ali
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Sarcoptiformes
Microzetidae
Berlesezetes
Berlesezetes aegypticus

description: Berlesezetes aegypticus (Bayoumi, 1977)
Iran localities. Abarkouh (Akrami 2007). Jolfa (Lotfollahi & Haddad Irani-Nejad 2010). Shiraz (Akrami & Behmanesh 2015; Ebrahimi & Akrami unpublished data).
Distribution. Egypt.
description: Published as part of Akrami, Mohammad Ali, 2015, An annotated checklist of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) of Iran, pp. 451-501 in Zootaxa 3963 (4) on page 484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/239832
The occupational structure of England and Wales c.1817-1881
Creators: name: Shaw-Taylor, Leigh
name: Wrigley, Tony
name: Kitson, Peter
name: Davies, Ros
name: Newton, Gill
name: Satchell, Max
Publisher: name: Faculty of History, University of Cambridge
Year: 2010

description: This paper examines the male occupational structure of England and Wales between c.1817 and 1881. The creation of a new quasi-census of male occupational data for c.1817 from parish register data makes it possible, for the first time, to examine reliably the changing male occupational structure over the whole of this period and to do so both in the aggregate and at fine spatial resolution and in sectoral detail. One key result is to show that the secondary sectors’ share of adult male employment grew very little over this period. The basic feature of structural change was a relative shift from agricultural to service sector employment. The secondary sector was much larger at the beginning of the nineteenth century than has been thought hitherto. One implication is that the productivity growth of the secondary sector grew much more rapidly between c.1817 and 1841 than has been suggested hitherto. One likely consequence is that new technology made a much bigger impact on the secondary sector at the aggregate level, than the national accounts literature suggests at present. Moreover, striking tertiary sector growth was a feature of all regions of England and Wales, suggesting that the Industrial Revolution affected all parts of the country and cannot be viewed merely as a regional phenomenon, as has sometimes been argued.
Berlesezetes brazilozetoides Balogh & Mahunka 1981
Creators: name: Akrami, Mohammad Ali
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Sarcoptiformes
Microzetidae
Berlesezetes
Berlesezetes brazilozetoides

description: Berlesezetes brazilozetoides Balogh & Mahunka, 1981
Iran localities. Ardabil, Moghan plain (Haddad Irani-Nejad et al. 2000). Shabestar, Shendabad (Mirzaie et al. 2010 f).
Distribution. Neotropical.
description: Published as part of Akrami, Mohammad Ali, 2015, An annotated checklist of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) of Iran, pp. 451-501 in Zootaxa 3963 (4) on page 484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/239832
The rise and fall of the German stock market, 1870-1938
Creators: name: Burhop, Carsten
name: Chambers, David
name: Cheffins, Brian
Publisher: name: Faculty of History, University of Cambridge
Year: 2016

description: The prior literature has advanced differing views on whether Germany during the late 19th and early 20th centuries was an economy supported by an equity-based as well as a bank-oriented financial system. Primarily by deploying a new IPO dataset for the Berlin Stock Exchange encompassing 1870 to 1938, we show German equity markets were well-developed as the 19th century drew to a close and remained so through the 1920s. Our analysis indicates regulation helped to foster development before 1913 but had a deleterious impact during the 1930s and suggests that there was a fruitful coexistence between large banks and markets until the Nazi era.
Allocating labourers to occupational (sub-)sectors using regression techniques
Creators: name: Keibek, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Faculty of History, University of Cambridge
Year: 2017

description: British historical sources on occupational information such as censuses, parish registers, and probate records describe many men with the unhelpfully vague term of ‘labourer’. This paper introduces a new method to allocate these labourers to occupational (sub-)sectors, a prerequisite for creating comprehensive and accurate historical occupational structures. The new method leads to a significant correction on the allocation shares used in the national accounts literature. Its results at national level are largely in agreement with another new approach, developed by Osamu Saito and Leigh Shaw- Taylor. But it has an important advantage over that approach: it is capable of allocating labourers at all geographic levels, and can thus generate local and regional occupational estimates, rather than only national ones.
Prüfung des iMTA Productivity Costs Questionnaire (iPCQ) für den Einsatz bei Patienten/-innen mit chronischen Krankheiten in der Schweiz
Creators: name: Friedli, Tom
name: Gantschnig, Brigitte E.
Publisher: name: De Gruyter
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Produktivitätsverlust
subject: Fragebogen
subject: PROM
subject: chronische Krankheit
subject: Schweiz
subject: Deutsch
subject: 610 - Medizin und Gesundheit
subject: 360 - Soziale Probleme, Sozialdienste, Versicherungen

description: Hintergrund: Interprofessionelle Programme im Gesundheitswesen sind angewiesen auf die valide Messung von Outcomes. Der iMTA Productivity Costs Questionnaire (iPCQ) ist eines der wenigen deutschsprachigen Instrumente, das Produktivität umfassend misst. Diese Studie untersucht die Validität des deutschsprachigen iPCQ mit Fokus auf Testinhalt und Antwortprozesse. Ziel dieser Studie ist, die deutschsprachige Version des iPCQ bei Patienten/-innen mit chronischen Erkrankungen in der Schweiz zu überprüfen und Vorschläge für eine Verbesserung der Validität auszuarbeiten. Methode: Diese Studie ist eine qualitative Validierungsstudie. Wir haben kognitive Interviews mit Menschen mit chronischen Krankheiten und auch mit Fachpersonen durchgeführt und basierend auf der Framework-Methode analysiert. Ergebnisse: Personen, die in der Schweiz leben und an einer chronischen Krankheit leiden, haben teilweise Probleme beim Verständnis einzelner Items und Erläuterungen sowie mit dem Abruf von relevanten Informationen aus dem Gedächtnis. Außerdem hat die Studie konstruktbezogene Probleme bei der Messung der Produktivität von Menschen mit Teil-Arbeitsunfähigkeit aufgedeckt. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die deutsche Version des Fragebogens verbessert werden sollte, um Validität und Reliabilität zu gewährleisten.
From sovereign nations to federal states. Creating stable systems of public finance in America and Germany: lessons for the Eurozone
Creators: name: Macdonald, James
Publisher: name: Faculty of History, University of Cambridge
Year: 2014

description: The Eurozone crisis has revealed the need for closer union among EMU members; the debate is about how far this union needs to go in order to create financial stability. This paper looks at the history of the United States and Germany to see how they came to establish financially stable forms of fiscal federalism. In each case the process involved the assumption by a central government of the role of “borrower of last resort” to deal with military and economic emergencies. Relying on sub-national or constituent governments turned out to be inadequate. Military emergencies led to financial collapse in the absence of a central state with adequate powers of taxation. Local governments did not have the resources to undertake countercyclical borrowing during economic downturns. Moreover, sub-national governments have required restraints on their borrowing because of the temptation of relying on central bailouts. The attempt of the Eurozone to circumvent these fiscal and political dynamics has left it without any effective borrower of last resort.
Using probate data to determine historical male occupational structures
Creators: name: Keibek, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Faculty of History, University of Cambridge
Year: 2017

description: Leigh Shaw-Taylor and Sir E.A. Wrigley recently published new estimates for the male occupational structure of England and Wales. Their pre-census figures are based on parish register data, but before Rose's Act of 1812, parish registers offer occupational information only in a sample of parishes, and are virtually silent about employments before 1690. This paper examines how the gaps in the parish register data can be filled using a data source which offer more universal coverage and goes back much further in time: probate records. It demonstrates how an, at first sight, critical deficiency of probate data, namely their severe bias towards capital-intensive and/or relatively well-paying occupations, can be overcome by using parish register data for calibration.
Retail Ratios in the Netherlands, c.1670-c.1815
Creators: name: Van Den Heuvel, Danielle
name: Ogilvie, Sheilagh
Publisher: name: Faculty of History, University of Cambridge
Year: 2012

description: The Netherlands are thought to have pioneered an early modern ‘Retail Revolution’ which reduced the transaction costs of bringing market wares to wider social strata, facilitating the Consumer Revolution. This paper addresses open questions about this development using a commonly used quantitative benchmark – the ‘retail ratio’, defined as the number of retailers per 1,000 inhabitants. We present a large dataset of Dutch retail ratios and use them to show how the density of retailing in the Netherlands varied across space, over time, and with other local characteristics. We conclude by drawing broader implications of our findings for understanding the early modern Retail Revolution.
Can general purpose technology theory explain economic growth? Electrical power as a case study
Creators: name: Ristuccia, Cristiano Andrea
name: Solomou, Solomos
Publisher: name: Faculty of History, University of Cambridge
Year: 2014

description: Does the concept of General Purpose Technologies help explain periods of faster and slower productivity advance in economies? The paper develops a new comparative data set on the usage of electricity in the manufacturing sectors of the USA, Britain, France, Germany and Japan and proceeds to evaluate the hypothesis of a productivity bonus as postulated by many existing GPT models. Using the case of the diffusion of electrical power in the early twentieth century this paper shows that there was no generalized productivity boost from electrical power diffusion as postulated by many existing GPT models. The productivity gains from this GPT varied widely across economies and industries, suggesting that the power of GPTs to predict aggregate or sectoral growth is limited
Pledging and Credit Markets in Medieval England
Creators: name: Briggs, Chris
name: Koyama, Mark
Publisher: name: Faculty of History, University of Cambridge
Year: 2012

description: How can credit markets function in weakly institutionalized economies? We study rural credit markets in medieval England. Combining archival evidence from manorial court records with a model we examine the role played by personal sureties or pledges in enforcing contracts and overcoming asymmetric information. Pledging (1) widened the circle of individuals to whom a lender could extend credit thus augmenting the limited institutional capacity of courts, and (2) generated information on the quality of borrowers thereby alleviating the problem of adverse selection. We find that informal private-order arrangements could complement, as well as substitute for, formal, public, institutions.
Transport and urban growth in the first industrial revolution
Creators: name: Alvarez-Palau, Eduard
name: Bogart, Dan
name: Dunn, Oliver
name: Satchell, Max
name: Shaw-Taylor, Leigh
Publisher: name: Faculty of History, University of Cambridge
Year: 2020

description: During the first industrial revolution the English economy underwent a spatial transformation to go along with its structural transformation in employment. It became highly urbanized and, apart from London, its urban center shifted to the northwest. This paper examines the role of transport in causing this spatial transformation. Transport changed greatly with infrastructure improvements and technological and organizational innovations. We focus on those occurring before the era of railways and steam ships, when wagons, canals, and sail ships were dominant. We construct a measure of market access for 458 towns in 1680 and 1830 using a new multi- modal transport model and then estimate the effects of lower trade costs through changes in market access. Our regression model controls for various town characteristics, including coal endowments. The results show that changes in market access had a large positive effect on changes in urban population. Through counterfactuals we estimate that England’s urban population would have been 11% lower if trade costs remained constant from 1680 to 1830. The results contribute to a new understanding of the industrial revolution and spatial economic growth more generally.
Farewell to prices and incomes policies: Conservative economic policy-making, 1974-79
Creators: name: Williamson, Adrian
Publisher: name: Faculty of History, University of Cambridge
Year: 2012

description: From 1960 to 1979, Prices and Incomes Policy (“PIP”) was central to Labour and Tory attempts to manage the economy. Since 1979, no Government has attempted direct controls on wages or prices. The Conservatives moved away from controls in the late 1970s. This paper considers two aspects of that change: the move away from PIP and the debates over joining the EMS. In the 1970s, the Conservatives were playing out in microcosm the central economic debates which had tormented policymakers since the 1960s and which were to preoccupy them throughout the 1980s and beyond. In contrast to the Wilson, Heath and Callaghan governments, they were moving away from PIP but they were doing so uncertainly. By default, they decided that markets should fix wages and prices, but with a little discreet assistance from a ‘forum’. Whether that would turn back into PIP remained to be seen. They embarked upon, but did not resolve, a key question that then arose: should economic management depend upon close linkage with Europe and the Deutschmark? Or was the UK to be a monetarist island, ‘entire of itself’? It is tempting to think that the abandonment of PIP, and British refusal to join the EMS, were inevitable. But this is not so. By 1979, the Conservatives had posed many questions about inflation, but they had arrived at very few answers.
Berlesezetes ornatissimus Berlese 1913
Creators: name: Akrami, Mohammad Ali
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Sarcoptiformes
Microzetidae
Berlesezetes
Berlesezetes ornatissimus

description: Berlesezetes ornatissimus (Berlese, 1913)
Iran localities. Tehran (Pakyari et al. 2007). Distribution. Cosmopolitan.
description: Published as part of Akrami, Mohammad Ali, 2015, An annotated checklist of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) of Iran, pp. 451-501 in Zootaxa 3963 (4) on page 484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/239832
Transport development and urban population change in the age of steam: A market access approach
Creators: name: You, Xuesheng
name: Bogart, Dan
name: Alvarez-Palau, Eduard
name: Satchell, Max
name: Shaw-Taylor, Leigh
Publisher: name: Faculty of History, University of Cambridge
Year: 2021

description: This article takes a market access approach to study the effect of a major transport development, the introduction of steam-powered transport, on urban population change for 415 towns in England and Wales between 1830 and 1911. The totality of the roads, inland waterways, coastal routes and railway networks recorded in available sources for these two dates were digitised with unprecedented accuracy, in order to build a multimodal transport network accordingly. Our baseline model produces the unexpected result that, on average, improved market access had a negative effect on urban population growth. More specifically, the elasticity of population change with respect to market access change was of approximately -0.25. We argue that this unexpected effect was due to the strong heterogeneous effects of market access according to initial town size. Indeed, our estimates show that while market access had a significantly positive effect on population growth in large towns, it had a significantly negative effect on small towns. We argue that this heterogeneous effect was due to the fact that improved transport networks reinforced agglomeration effects in large urban centres while diminished the dispersion effect that had previously protected small towns.
Housing and Private Outside Space in Nineteenth Century England
Creators: name: Crisp, Zoe
Publisher: name: Faculty of History, University of Cambridge
Year: 2012

description: This article looks at private outside space – understood as gardens or yards today – in five English towns across the nineteenth century. The history of the ordinary English back garden is a neglected one, and this article provides a quantitative backbone to the very first study of this kind. It is generally assumed that urban gardens were only provided in the last quarter of the nineteenth century for the middle classes, and the first quarter of the twentieth century for ‘the masses’. The article reveals that, in fact, private outside spaces – whether yards, gardens, or shared plots – were provided for all classes from as early as the first quarter of the nineteenth century. It also suggests that a Victorian theory of disease prevention lay behind the creation of the back garden as we know it today.
What caused Chicago bank failures in the Great Depression? A look at the 1920s
Creators: name: Postel-Vinay, Natacha
Publisher: name: Faculty of History, University of Cambridge
Year: 2015

description: This paper reassesses the causes of Chicago bank failures during the Great Depression by tracking the evolution of their balance sheets in the 1920s. I find that all Chicago banks suffered tremendous deposit withdrawals; however banks that failed earlier in the 1930s had invested more in mortgages in the 1920s. The main problem with mortgages was their lack of liquidity, not their quality. Banks heavily engaged in mortgages did not have enough liquid assets to face the withdrawals and failed. This paper thus reasserts the importance of pre-crisis liquidity risk management in preventing bank failures. While not excluding an important role for lenders of last resort as a within-crisis solution, emphasis on banks’ long-term investments in illiquid assets implies a role for regulatory authorities in crisis prevention.
The occupational structure of England c.1710-c.1871
Creators: name: Shaw-Taylor, Leigh
name: Wrigley, Tony
name: Kitson, Peter
name: Davies, Ros
name: Newton, Gill
name: Satchell, Max
Publisher: name: Faculty of History, University of Cambridge
Year: 2010

description: This paper presents new evidence on the male occupational structure of England c.1710 deriving from c.1000 baptism registers and provides a preliminary analysis of the implications of the data. The key finding is that the secondary sector was perhaps twice as large, in terms of male employment, at the beginning of the eighteenth century as historians have been suggested in recent years. One implication of this is that most of the growth in the relative importance of secondary sector employment, normally associated with the post 1750 period, in fact preceded the eighteenth century. A further implication is that the increase in the productivity of the secondary sector was much larger than has been argued in the national accounts literature. The paper also explores regional differences and documents the scale of de- industrialisation in southern England over the eighteenth century. It also provides a more speculative discussion of likely trends in female employment.
By-employments in early modern England and their significance for estimating historical male occupational structures
Creators: name: Keibek, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Faculty of History, University of Cambridge
Year: 2017

description: Based on the evidence from probate inventories, by-employments have generally been presumed ubiquitous amongst early modern Englishmen. This would appear to present a significant problem for estimates of the contemporary male occupational structure, since the sources on which these estimates are based describe men almost always by their principal employment only. This paper argues that this problem is vanishingly small, for three reasons. Firstly, the probate inventory evidence is shown to exaggerate the incidence of by-employments by a factor of two, as a consequence of its inherent wealth bias. Secondly, it is demonstrated that even after wealth-bias correction, the probate record greatly overstates by-employment incidence as most of the traces of subsidiary activities in the inventories actually point to the employments of other members of the household, not to by- employments of the inventoried male household head. Thirdly, even if one ignored this and assumed that they did, in fact, point to his by-employments, they are shown to have been relatively small in economic importance compared to the principal employment, and to necessitate only a very minor adjustment of the principal-employment-only male occupational structure.
Family reconstitution in an urban context: some observations and methods
Creators: name: Newton, Gill
Publisher: name: Faculty of History, University of Cambridge
Year: 2013

description: This paper concerns the application of methods for constructing family reconstitutions to early modern London parish register data, together with some observations on what types of demographic analysis may most successfully be performed in this context. It begins by considering the challenges presented by the urban environment, where population turnover is high and the spatial unit of analysis (the parish) will often have arbitrary boundaries not reinforced by topology. The steps of family reconstitution record linkage as best applied in an urban context are then defined and discussed. Ways of normalizing or shaping London parish register material into an appropriate input to those record linkage steps are described, concentrating in particular on name standardisation. Dates, ages, occupations and street addresses are also considered. The overall intention is to provide a practical guide to performing family reconstitutions of urban areas using computerised or computer-assisted methods.
Christovizetes iranensis Akrami & Behmanesh 2011
Creators: name: Akrami, Mohammad Ali
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Sarcoptiformes
Microzetidae
Christovizetes
Christovizetes iranensis

description: Christovizetes iranensis Akrami & Behmanesh, 2011
Iran localities. Shiraz, Bajgah (Akrami & Behmanesh 2011). Distribution. Iran.
description: Published as part of Akrami, Mohammad Ali, 2015, An annotated checklist of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) of Iran, pp. 451-501 in Zootaxa 3963 (4) on page 484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/239832
Mistresses and marriage: or, a short history of the Mrs
Creators: name: Erickson, Amy Louise
Publisher: name: Faculty of History, University of Cambridge
Year: 2012

description: The ubiquitous forms of address for women 'Mrs' and 'Miss' are both abbreviations of 'mistress'. Although mistress is a term with a multiplicity of meanings, in early modern England the mistress most commonly designated the female equivalent of master - that is, a person with capital who directed servants or apprentices. Prior to the mid-eighteenth century, there was only Mrs (or Mris, Ms, or other forms of abbreviation), applied to any adult woman who merited the social distinction, without any marital connotation. Miss was reserved for young girls until then. Even when adult single women started to use Miss, Mrs still designated a social or business standing, and not the status of being married, until at least the mid-nineteenth century. This article demonstrates the changes in nomenclature over time, explains why Mrs was never used to accord older single women the same status as a married woman, and argues that the distinctions are important to economic and social historians.
Microzetes baloghi Jeleva 1962
Creators: name: Akrami, Mohammad Ali
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Sarcoptiformes
Microzetidae
Microzetes
Microzetes baloghi

description: Microzetes baloghi (Jeleva, 1962)
Iran localities. Shabestar, Shendabad (Mirzaie et al. 2010 f). Tabriz (Rahbar et al. 2014). Distribution. Southern Europe.
description: Published as part of Akrami, Mohammad Ali, 2015, An annotated checklist of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) of Iran, pp. 451-501 in Zootaxa 3963 (4) on page 485, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/239832
Institutions for Contract Enforcement: Insiders, Outsiders, and Insurance in Early Modern London
Creators: name: Leonard, Adrian
Publisher: name: Faculty of History, University of Cambridge
Year: 2017

description: Marine insurance arrived in London in the fifteenth century, with Mediterranean merchants. Accompanying them was a set of customary practices known as the Law Merchant, which set out the rules and their enforcement. Merchants embraced insurance as a mutually beneficial system of risk-sharing, trading it as a club good, rather than a profit- making investment (although profit was not unwelcome). They resolved disputes internally, based on good faith. This system worked well when underwriting and purchasing were confined to an inter- connected merchant community, characterised as insiders. However, when insuring expanded in the later sixteenth century, many outsiders began to participate. Some new buyers did not wish to observe customary market practice, preferring instead to trade for the maximum personal utility or profit, which drove up total costs. Others possessed different understand- ings of customary practice, or worse, intended to defraud established participants. In this analysis, since the real behaviours of actual individuals often defy theoretical separation into binary categories, outsiders are self-defining, comprising anyone who did not play by the insiders’ rules-of-the-game. In the 1570s, London’s merchant-insurers sought assistance from the state in their effort to deal with outsiders. Institutional responses included a three-stranded programme implemen- ted by England’s Privy Council, and culminated in the establishment of organisations for both the execution and enforcement of agreements. The former comprised 1) the establishment of a policy preparation and registration office, 2) the codification of the existing customs of in- surance in ‘Lombard Street’, and 3) the creation of an official body of adjudicators to preside over insurance disputes. The latter culminated legislation of 1601 which formalised, as the Court of Assurances, the tribunal created earlier. These institutions did not operate in a vacuum. They were entangled in contemporaneous issues, especially the battle between common and civil law, and questions of royal prero- gative and monopoly. They were inhibited by a legal system ill-equipped to handle insurance disputes. However, these problems were overcome when merchant-insurers and the state co- operated to meet the challenge of developing market infrastructure which formalised merchant-insurers’ customary rules. The institutions created were sympathetic to merchant needs, and structured to preserve much of the flexibility which heretofore characterised Lon- don marine insurance. In this way, they served to formalise and entrench merchant practice, and thus to support and advance pre-industrial long-distance trade.
Choices and Constraints in the Pre-Industrial Countryside
Creators: name: Ogilvie, Sheilagh
Publisher: name: Faculty of History, University of Cambridge
Year: 2012

description: This paper explores a key implication of Richard Smith’s work on agrarian societies: the need to be attentive both to rural people’s decisions as economic agents and to the constraints on their choices. It begins by examining evidence of goal- maximizing behaviour by rural people – not just peasant farmers but women, servants, serfs, landless workers, youths, and many others – in a diversity of pre-industrial societies. It then analyses some central constraints within which rural people made their choices: family and inheritance systems, village communities, manorial systems, legal rules and customs, and the actions of rulers. It concludes by discussing the implications of these findings for understanding the functioning of rural economies, now widely recognized as central to long-term improvements in economic growth and human well-being.
The pay of labourers and unskilled men on London building sites, 1660–1770
Creators: name: Stephenson, Judy
Publisher: name: Faculty of History, University of Cambridge
Year: 2016

description: This paper presents evidence of pay to workers at the lower end of the building trades in long eighteenth century London. Traditionally, the pay of labourers has been recorded as a proxy for unskilled workers. In fact, the labourers whose charge-out rates have been recorded were mostly semi-skilled. There were many who earned far less than ‘labourers’ by day rate or by other means. Using the records of large London construction projects over the long term I propose a new taxonomy, and provide a new working wage series for both semi-skilled labourers and unskilled men for London for the eighteenth century.
Financial contagion and market intervention in the 1772-3 credit crisis
Creators: name: Kosmetatos, Paul
Publisher: name: Faculty of History, University of Cambridge
Year: 2014

description: The 1772-3 credit crisis impressed its contemporaries for its suddenness, geographical range, and for arising during a time of relative peace and robust economic growth. It also arguably displayed an early instance of a Lender of Last Resort (LLR) in action, some thirty years before the classical articulation of the concept. This paper investigates whether financial contagion was at work in 1772-3, and describes its possible routes of transmission. It furthermore identifies the agents of market intervention, and discusses whether theirs was a conscious policy to limit systemic risk, or ad hoc improvisation in response to other considerations.
The First Global Emerging Markets Investor: Foreign & Colonial Investment Trust 1880-1913
Creators: name: Chambers, David
name: Esteves, Rui
Publisher: name: Faculty of History, University of Cambridge
Year: 2012

description: The Foreign and Colonial Investment Trust (FCIT) is the oldest surviving closed end fund in the world today and was established fully half a century before similar funds appeared in the US of the 1920s. Its early success was related to its identification of a missing market, namely, the provision of a wholesale diversified investment vehicle for the investing public. Whilst much research has been conducted on aggregate international capital flows in this First Era of Globalisation, little work has been undertaken on the prime investment institutions. This micro-study seeks to fill this gap by undertaking detailed quantitative analysis of the leading investment trust investing widely in emerging markets during the First Era of financial globalisation before WWI. The history of this flagship fund over more than three decades provides an insight into the relative success of this institutional innovation as well as into the risk and returns of investing in global emerging markets over a century ago.
Jornadia dactyloscopica Balogh & Mahunka 1968
Creators: name: Akrami, Mohammad Ali
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Sarcoptiformes
Oribatulidae
Jornadia
Jornadia dactyloscopica

description: Jornadia dactyloscopica (Balogh & Mahunka, 1968)
(= Woolleybates dactyloscopica Balogh & Mahunka, 1968) Iran localities. Ardabil, Moghan plain (Haddad Irani-Nejad et al. 2002). Distribution. Southern Neotropical.
description: Published as part of Akrami, Mohammad Ali, 2015, An annotated checklist of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) of Iran, pp. 451-501 in Zootaxa 3963 (4) on page 485, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/239832
Lucoppia orientalis Djaparidze 1985
Creators: name: Akrami, Mohammad Ali
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Sarcoptiformes
Oribatulidae
Lucoppia
Lucoppia orientalis

description: Lucoppia orientalis Djaparidze, 1985
(= Lucoppia burrowsi (Michael, 1890))
Iran localities. Shabestar, Shendabad (Mirzaie et al. 2010 c). Distribution. Holarctic (Western Palaearctic, Korea and Nearctic), Southeast China and Hawaii.
description: Published as part of Akrami, Mohammad Ali, 2015, An annotated checklist of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) of Iran, pp. 451-501 in Zootaxa 3963 (4) on page 485, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/239832
Oribatula (Oribatula) interrupta subsp. major Mihelcic 1963
Creators: name: Akrami, Mohammad Ali
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Sarcoptiformes
Oribatulidae
Oribatula
Oribatula interrupta
Oribatula (oribatula) interrupta major mihelčič, 1963

description: Oribatula (Oribatula) interrupta major Mihelčič, 1963
(= Zygoribatula saxicola Kunst, 1959)
Iran localities. Malayer (Khanjani 1996).
Distribution. Southern Palaearctic (Mediterranean and west-central Asia).
description: Published as part of Akrami, Mohammad Ali, 2015, An annotated checklist of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) of Iran, pp. 451-501 in Zootaxa 3963 (4) on page 485, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/239832
Exploring the Meaning of Entrepreneurial Passion in Thai Startups Through LEGOฎ Serious Playฎ Inception of a Derivatives Market in Bangladesh
Creators: name: Chattip Sirithamajak
Publisher: name: National Institute of Development Administration
Year: 2024
Subjects: Entrepreneurial Passion
Thai Startups
LEGOฎ SERIOUS PLAYฎ
Qualitative Research.

description: ASEAN Journal of Management & Innovation, 11, 1, 1 - 15
Oribatula (Oribatula) tibialis subsp. allifera Subias 2000
Creators: name: Akrami, Mohammad Ali
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Sarcoptiformes
Oribatulidae
Oribatula
Oribatula tibialis
Oribatula (oribatula) tibialis allifera subías, 2000

description: Oribatula (Oribatula) tibialis allifera Subías, 2000
Iran localities. Nashtarood; Noor; Nowshahr (Akrami et al. 2008). Shabestar, Shendabad (Mirzaie et al. 2010 c). Rasht (Mortazavi et al. 2011 a). Heyran and Arasbaran (Gheblealivand et al. 2013). Distribution. Holarctic (Mediterranean, Iran and Northern Nearctic).
description: Published as part of Akrami, Mohammad Ali, 2015, An annotated checklist of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) of Iran, pp. 451-501 in Zootaxa 3963 (4) on page 485, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/239832
Oribatula (Oribatula) translineata Mahunka 1985
Creators: name: Akrami, Mohammad Ali
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Sarcoptiformes
Oribatulidae
Oribatula
Oribatula translineata

description: Oribatula (Oribatula) translineata (Mahunka, 1985)
Iran localities. Mazandaran province (Taghavi et al. 1998; Barimani & Kamali 1998). Distribution. Neotropical.
description: Published as part of Akrami, Mohammad Ali, 2015, An annotated checklist of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) of Iran, pp. 451-501 in Zootaxa 3963 (4) on page 485, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/239832
Where are the missing girls? Gender discrimination in mid-19th century Spain
Creators: name: Beltrán Tapia, Francisco
name: Gallego, Domingo
Publisher: name: Faculty of History, University of Cambridge
Year: 2015

description: Drawing on a large dataset at the district level for mid-19th century Spain, this article shows not only that average (male-to-female) infant and childhood sex ratios were relatively high, but also that some regions experienced extremely high figures, thus pointing to some sort of excess female mortality. The analysis also suggests that economic deprivation was likely to trigger gender discrimination towards newborn and/or young girls. Although less conclusive, there is also evidence that certain social and cultural contexts could have also mitigated this behaviour.
Oribatula (Zygoribatula) bonairensis Willmann 1936
Creators: name: Akrami, Mohammad Ali
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Sarcoptiformes
Oribatulidae
Oribatula
Oribatula bonairensis

description: Oribatula (Zygoribatula) bonairensis (Willmann, 1936)
Iran localities. Ardabil, Moghan plain (Haddad Irani-Nejad et al. 2002). Distribution. Neotropical, Malagasy (I. Mauricio) and U.S.A. (Texas).
description: Published as part of Akrami, Mohammad Ali, 2015, An annotated checklist of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) of Iran, pp. 451-501 in Zootaxa 3963 (4) on page 485, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/239832
Factor Influencing System Integrators Adoption Intention of a Wireless Smart Home System in Australia
Creators: name: Trovato, Gianluca A.
Publisher: name: Stamford International University
Year: 2024
Subjects: Behavioural Intention
Smart Home Technology
System Integrators
Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology.

description: ASEAN Journal of Management & Innovation, 11, 1, 16 - 37
Oribatula (Zygoribatula) connexa subsp. connexa Berlese 1904
Creators: name: Akrami, Mohammad Ali
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Sarcoptiformes
Oribatulidae
Oribatula
Oribatula connexa
Oribatula (zygoribatula) connexa connexa berlese, 1904

description: Oribatula (Zygoribatula) connexa connexa Berlese, 1904
Iran localities. Tabriz (Fathipour 1994). Many places in Hamadan province (Khanjani 1996). Abarkouh (Bayartogtokh & Akrami 2000 b). Ardabil, Moghan plain (Haddad Irani-Nejad et al. 2002). Tabriz (Haddad Irani- Nejad 2003). Miandoab (Haddad Irani-Nejad et al. 2004). Darab (Mohammadi & Akrami 2007). Firoozabad (Hajian 2007). Tehran (Pakyari et al. 2007). Juybar (Akrami 2008 b). Soofian; Marand; Zenooz; Shabestar; Jolfa (Lotfollahi & Haddad Irani-Nejad 2010). Shabestar, Shendabad (Mirzaie et al. 2010 c). Shiraz (Behmanesh & Akrami 2012 a; Ebrahimi & Akrami unpublished data). Mashhad (Khaleghabadian et al. 2013). Heyran and Arasbaran (Gheblealivand et al. 2013). Zanjan (Rajabi et al. 2014).
Distribution. Subtropical (Southern Palaearctic, Neotropical: South America and Brazil, and Australian: Australia and New Zealand).
description: Published as part of Akrami, Mohammad Ali, 2015, An annotated checklist of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) of Iran, pp. 451-501 in Zootaxa 3963 (4) on pages 485-486, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/239832
Investigating the Integration of Environmental Sustainability Factors into a Filipino FMCG Company's Innovation Process
Creators: name: Briones, Joanne Pauline L.
Publisher: name: Bangkok University International
Year: 2024
Subjects: Sustainable Innovation
Green Innovation
Environmental Sustainability
Innovation Process
Sustainability Factors.

description: ASEAN Journal of Management & Innovation, 11, 1, 38 - 52
Oribatula (Zygoribatula) connexa subsp. ucrainica Iordansky 1990
Creators: name: Akrami, Mohammad Ali
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Sarcoptiformes
Oribatulidae
Oribatula
Oribatula connexa
Oribatula (zygoribatula) connexa ucrainica (iordansky, 1990)

description: Oribatula (Zygoribatula) connexa ucrainica (Iordansky, 1990)
Iran localities. Babol (Akrami 2008 b). Marand (Lotfollahi & Haddad Irani-Nejad 2010). Shabestar, Shendabad (Mirzaie 2010). Heyran and Arasbaran (Gheblealivand et al. 2013). Ahvaz (Ramezani & Mossadegh 2014). Distribution. Eastern Mediterranean.
description: Published as part of Akrami, Mohammad Ali, 2015, An annotated checklist of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) of Iran, pp. 451-501 in Zootaxa 3963 (4) on page 486, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/239832
Share Repurchase: An Event Study of Companies Listed in the Stock Exchange of Thailand
Creators: name: Thipparat Pinyatanabat
Publisher: name: Stamford International University
Year: 2024
Subjects: Share Repurchase
Stock Buyback
Event Study
Stock Price Reaction
Thai Stock Market

description: ASEAN Journal of Management & Innovation, 11, 1, 53 - 67
Oribatula (Zygoribatula) frisiae Oudemans 1900
Creators: name: Akrami, Mohammad Ali
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Sarcoptiformes
Oribatulidae
Oribatula
Oribatula frisiae

description: Oribatula (Zygoribatula) frisiae (Oudemans, 1900)
(= Zygoribatula debilitranslamellata Kulijev, 1962)
Iran localities. Soofian; Marand; Zenooz; Shabestar; Jolfa (Lotfollahi & Haddad Irani-Nejad 2010). Shabestar, Shendabad (Mirzaie et al. 2010 c).
Distribution. Holarctic (common in southern Palaearctic).
description: Published as part of Akrami, Mohammad Ali, 2015, An annotated checklist of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) of Iran, pp. 451-501 in Zootaxa 3963 (4) on page 486, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/239832
Oribatula (Zygoribatula) exarata Berlese 1916
Creators: name: Akrami, Mohammad Ali
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Sarcoptiformes
Oribatulidae
Oribatula
Oribatula exarata

description: Oribatula (Zygoribatula) exarata Berlese, 1916
Iran localities. Babol; Amol-Tehran road (35 km. after Amol) (Akrami et al. 2008). Rasht (Mortazavi et al. 2011 a). Mashhad (Khaleghabadian et al. 2013).
Distribution. Southern Palaearctic.
description: Published as part of Akrami, Mohammad Ali, 2015, An annotated checklist of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) of Iran, pp. 451-501 in Zootaxa 3963 (4) on page 486, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/239832
Oribatula (Zygoribatula) glabra Michael 1890
Creators: name: Akrami, Mohammad Ali
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Sarcoptiformes
Oribatulidae
Oribatula
Oribatula glabra

description: Oribatula (Zygoribatula) glabra (Michael, 1890)
(= Zygoribatula hortobagyensis Mahunka, 1983
Iran localities. Many places in Hamadan province (Khanjani 1996). Ardabil, Moghan plain (Haddad Irani-Nejad et al. 2002). Miandoab (Haddad Irani-Nejad et al. 2004). Marvdasht (Amirazodi & Ostovan 2012). Distribution. Palaearctic.
description: Published as part of Akrami, Mohammad Ali, 2015, An annotated checklist of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) of Iran, pp. 451-501 in Zootaxa 3963 (4) on page 486, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/239832
Oribatula (Zygoribatula) skrjabini Bulanova-Zachvatkina 1967
Creators: name: Akrami, Mohammad Ali
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Sarcoptiformes
Oribatulidae
Oribatula
Oribatula skrjabini

description: Oribatula (Zygoribatula) skrjabini (Bulanova-Zachvatkina, 1967)
Iran localities. Tabriz (Mohammadzadeh, 2004). Darab (Mohammadi & Akrami 2007). Firoozabad (Hajian et al. 2007). Behshahr (Akrami 2008 b). Arak (Bastan et al. 2008). Shabestar (Lotfollahi & Haddad Irani-Nejad 2010). Shabestar, Shendabad (Mirzaie 2010). Shiraz (Akrami & Behmanesh 2015; Ebrahimi & Akrami unpublished data). Zanjan (Rajabi et al. 2014).
Distribution. Southern Palaearctic (East Mediterranean and centrooccidental Asia).
description: Published as part of Akrami, Mohammad Ali, 2015, An annotated checklist of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) of Iran, pp. 451-501 in Zootaxa 3963 (4) on page 486, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/239832
MEDIA SAVODXONLIK, UNING ZAMONAVIY KASBLARNI PUXTA EGALLASHDAGI AHAMIYATI.
Creators: name: Kamolov, Habib
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ushbu maqolada media savodxonlik, kasbiy kompetensiya kabi tushunchalarning mohiyati va ularning zamonaviy kadrlarning mehnat bozoridagi raqobatbardoshligini ta’minlash omili ekanligi haqida so’z yuritilgan.
Oribatula (Zygoribatula) tenuiseta Hammer 1977
Creators: name: Akrami, Mohammad Ali
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Sarcoptiformes
Oribatulidae
Oribatula
Oribatula tenuiseta

description: Oribatula (Zygoribatula) tenuiseta (Hammer, 1977)
Iran localities. Nahavand (Khanjani 1996). Ardabil, Moghan plain (Haddad Irani-Nejad et al. 2002). Distribution. Himalaya.
description: Published as part of Akrami, Mohammad Ali, 2015, An annotated checklist of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) of Iran, pp. 451-501 in Zootaxa 3963 (4) on page 486, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/239832
Oribatula (Zygoribatula) undulata Berlese 1916
Creators: name: Akrami, Mohammad Ali
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Sarcoptiformes
Oribatulidae
Oribatula
Oribatula undulata

description: Oribatula (Zygoribatula) undulata Berlese, 1916
Iran localities. Many places in Hamadan province (Khanjani & Kamali 2000 b). Miandoab (Haddad Irani-Nejad et al. 2004). Nowshahr, Kandolus; Qaemshahr road to Sari (8 km.) (Akrami 2008 b). Arak (Bastan et al. 2008). Soofian; Jolfa; Shabestar (Lotfollahi & Haddad Irani-Nejad 2010). Shabestar, Shendabad (Mirzaie 2010). Rasht (Mortazavi et al. 2011 a). Shiraz (Behmanesh & Akrami 2012 a; Ebrahimi & Akrami unpublished data). Assaluyeh and Lengeh ports (Alikhani et al. 2012).
Distribution. Pantropical (excluding Neotropical) and subtropical.
description: Published as part of Akrami, Mohammad Ali, 2015, An annotated checklist of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) of Iran, pp. 451-501 in Zootaxa 3963 (4) on page 486, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/239832