cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Cover, table of contents and preface
Creators: name: Kleijne, Jos
name: Furholt, Martin
name: Müller, Johannes
Publisher: name: Journal of Neolithic Archaeology
Year: 2018

description: This volume presents a selection of papers delivered at the Archéologie et Gobelets Bell Beaker workshop “Tink global, act local”, held between the 17th and the 21st of May 2017 at Kiel University, Germany. The Archeologie et Gobelets is a research community and network of archaeological specialists from all across Europe who meet every few years, discussing new findings and research concerning the Bell Beaker phenomenon and the wider 3rd millennium BC in Europe. On the conference itself, ca. 70 people attended and 27 papers were presented. Out of these, 9 papers made it to this volume. The papers range spatially from Portugal to Denmark, assessing both funerary and settlement archaeology. They reflect the many different approaches and many fruitful discussions such an environment brings.
description: Journal of Neolithic Archaeology, 2018 (Special Issue 4): Think global, act local! Bell Beakers in Europe
Additional file 2 of Composite activity type and stride-specific energy expenditure estimation model for thigh-worn accelerometry
Creators: name: Lendt, Claas
name: Hansen, Niklas
name: Froböse, Ingo
name: Stewart, Tom
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified

description: Supplementary Material 2: Additional file 2 (.pdf)- Training of the stride-specific energy expenditure model.
Widening the Axion Window via Kinetic and Stückelberg Mixings
Creators: name: Shiu, Gary
name: Staessens, Wieland
name: Ye, Fang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We point out that kinetic and Stückelberg mixings that are generically present in the low energy effective action of axions can significantly widen the window of axion decay constants. We show that an effective super-Planckian decay constant can be obtained even when the axion kinetic matrix has only sub-Planckian entries. Our minimal model involves only two axions, a Stückelberg U(1) and a modest rank instanton generating non-Abelian group. Below the mass of the Stückelberg U(1), there is only a single axion with a non-perturbatively generated potential. In contrast to previous approaches, the enhancement of the axion decay constant is not tied to the number of degrees of freedom introduced. We also discuss how kinetic mixings can lower the decay constant to the desired axion dark matter window. String theory embeddings of this scenario and their phenomenological features are briefly discussed.
description: v2: published version (references and clarifying comments added); v1: 5 pages, 2 figures
Biobank perspectives 1:2014
Creators: name: Centre For Research Ethics & Bioethics
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014

description: We have worked with the ethical and legal aspects of biboank and registry research for more than a decade. With the aid of BBMRI.se we were able to share our perspectives with the biobank community through the biobank perspectives newsletter that was issued three times a year between 2014 and 2017.
Dynamic Smagorinsky model on anisotropic grids
Creators: name: Fatica, M.
name: Scotti, A.
name: Meneveau, C.
Publisher: name: American Institute of Physics Inc.
Year: 1997

description: To examine the performance of the dynamic Smagorinsky model in a controlled fashion on anisotropic grids, simulations of forced isotropic turbulence are performed using highly anisotropic discretizations. The resulting model coefficients are compared with an earlier prediction. Two extreme cases are considered: pancake-like grids, for which two directions are poorly resolved compared to the third, and pencil-like grids, where one direction is poorly resolved when compared to the other two.
title: Editorial: Think global, act local! The Archéologie et Gobelets workshop in Kiel and some future perspectives for research into the 3rd millennium BC
Creators: name: Kleijne, Jos
Publisher: name: Journal of Neolithic Archaeology
Year: 2018

description: This special volume of the Journal of Neolithic Archaeology is dedicated to a collection of papers presented at the conference held between the 17th and 21st of May 2017 in Kiel, Germany. The topic of this conference was “Think Global, Act Local! The Transformation of Spatial Interaction and Material Culture in Beaker Contexts of the 3rd Millennium BC in Europe”.
description: Journal of Neolithic Archaeology, 2018 (Special Issue 4): Think global, act local! Bell Beakers in Europe
Kondo effect in a novel 5d quasi-skutterudite Yb3Os4Ge13
Creators: name: Yang, C. L.
name: Wang, X.
name: Zhang, X.
name: Wu, D. S.
name: Liu, M.
name: Zheng, P.
name: Yao, J. Y.
name: Li, Z. Z.
name: Yang, Y. F.
name: Shi, Y. G.
name: Luo, J. L.
name: Wang, N. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the crystal growth of a new compound, Yb3Os4Ge13, by using a Bi-flux method. X-ray diffraction measurement shows that it crystallizes in the quasi-skutterudite-type caged structure with a cubic space group of Pm-3n (No. 223). Magnetic measurements reveal almost fully localized Yb f-moments above 120 K. The resistivity exhibits a crossover from metallic to insulating behavior with a logarithmic increase below ~ 40 K. The specific heat coefficient shows a rapid upturn below ~5 K and exceeds 2 J mol-1 K-2 at 2 K. Our experimental analysis and electronic band structure calculations demonstrate that Yb3Os4Ge13 exhibits the Kondo effect due to strong hybridization of the localized Yb f-moments with the p-electrons of the surrounding Ge-cages.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables
title: Campaniforme: a long term phenomenon in the Portuguese Douro basin
Creators: name: De Jesus Sanches, Maria
name: Barbosa, Helena
Publisher: name: Journal of Neolithic Archaeology
Year: 2018

description: This paper exposes and discusses the bell beaker phenomenon in the lower Douro river basin, in Portugal (Northwest of Iberian Peninsula) focusing on pottery. It analyses the style, the respective archaeological context, the inner geographic distribution of ceramics and discusses the absolute and relative chronology of about half a hundred sites. We highlight here four case studies and concluded that all styles are present – classic maritime (linear, herringbone); comb-geometric; Palmela / Ciempozuelos, AOC and mixed C / ZM styles and have grosso modo the same chronology, i.e., they are dated of at least the second quarter of the 3rd millennium BCE. Nevertheless the campaniform continued to be used in the second half of the 3rd millennium BCE in this region, being a long duration phenomenon. This paper also emphasize the spatial segregation of the use of bell beaker ceramics, related to ritualized social practices, which purposes would have to do with identity management, regional conflicts or marriage alliance. In Crasto de Palheiros these practices would be of a commensal nature as of intentional deposition.
description: Journal of Neolithic Archaeology, 2018 (Special Issue 4): Think global, act local! Bell Beakers in Europe
Charge-exchange reactions from the standpoint of the parton model
Creators: name: Nekrasov, M. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using simple arguments, we show that charge-exchange reactions at high energies go through the hard scattering of fast quarks. On this basis we describe $π^- p \to M^0 n$ and $K^- p \to M^0 Λ$, $M^0 =π^0, η, η'$, in a combined approach which defines hard contributions in the parton model and soft ones in Regge phenomenology. The disappearance of a dip according to recent GAMS-4$π$ data in the differential cross-section $K^- p \to ηΛ$ at $|t| \approx$ 0.4--0.5 (GeV$\!$/c)$^2$ at transition to relatively high momenta, is explained as a manifestation of a mode change of summation of hard contributions from coherent to incoherent. Other manifestations of the mentioned mode change are discussed. Constraints on the $η$--$η'$ mixing and gluonium admixture in $η'$ are obtained.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures; version to appear in EPJA
title: Flint and Bronze in Late Neolithic Schleswig-Holstein: Distribution, contexts and meanings
Creators: name: Schultrich, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Journal of Neolithic Archaeology
Year: 2019

description: This paper presents the first comprehensive compilation of Late Neolithic (c. 2350 –1700 BC) metal artefacts found in modern-day Schleswig-Holstein. In addition, flint hoards and burials with flint daggers have been examined in order to investigate the meaning of certain objects which are considered to be connected with status. It has been demonstrated that the area of Schleswig-Holstein was of importance for Late Neolithic and Bronze Age exchange between central Europe and southern Scandinavia. It has also been argued that certain objects had different meanings depending on choice of material, shape, and context. For example, a bronze dagger is recognized as being essentially different than a flint dagger and, even within the objects class of flint daggers, different meanings and functions were present. Generally, metal objects were deposited in Late Neolithic southern Scandinavian and central European burials infrequently. However, in southwestern Schleswig-Holstein, burials are the predominant context in which early metal objects appear. Late Neolithic flint daggers and Younger Neolithic battle axes share this property. Whereas these objects appear in great numbers as single finds everywhere in the investigation area, their frequency in burial contexts varies greatly between sub-regions of Schleswig-Holstein. In the southwest, they are common components in graves; in the easternmost areas they are almost completely absent in burials. This bipolar situation is very clearly pronounced during the Late Neolithic period in Schleswig-Holstein. A closer look at northeastern Germany and Jutland suggests that similar differences existed in other regions as well, although less conspicuously. The similar distribution patterns of metal artefacts, flint daggers and battle axes furthermore demonstrate that geographically distinctive treatments of Late Neolithic status artefacts can be traced back to the Younger Neolithic. Different land use strategies, moreover, were presumably already established in the Middle Neolithic. This indicates that these differences, which might be linked to distinctive perceptions of the collective and the individual sphere, seemingly derived from Middle Neolithic or even earlier traditions.
description: Journal of Neolithic Archaeology, Vol. 20 (2018)
Fractal model for coarse-grained nonlinear partial differential equations
Creators: name: Meneveau, C.
name: Scotti, A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1997

description: Spatially coarse-grained (or effective) versions of nonlinear partial differential equations must be closed with a model for the unresolved small scales. For systems that are known to display fractal scaling, we propose a model based on synthetically generating a scale-invariant field at small scales using fractal interpolation, and then analytically evaluating its effects on the large, resolved scales. The procedure is illustrated for the forced Burgers equation, solved numerically on a coarse grid. Detailed comparisons with direct simulation of the full Burgers equation and with an effective viscosity model are presented.
Fractal dimension of velocity signals in high-Reynolds-number hydrodynamic turbulence
Creators: name: Scotti, A.
name: Meneveau, C.
name: Saddoughi, S.G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1995

description: In this paper the fractal nature of velocity signals as measured in turbulent flows is investigated. In particular, we study the geometrical nature of the graph (x,f(x)) of the function f that gives one component of the velocity at position x. Special emphasis is given to the effects that a limited resolution of the signal, or natural small-scale cutoffs, have on the estimate of the fractal dimension, and a procedure to account for such finite-size effects is proposed and tested on artificial fractal graphs. We then consider experimental data from three turbulent flows: the wake behind a circular cylinder, the atmospheric surface layer, and the rough-wall zero-pressure- gradient boundary layer developing on the test-section ceiling of the 80×120 ft2 full-scale NASA Ames wind tunnel (the world's largest wind tunnel). The results clearly indicate that at high Reynolds numbers, turbulent velocity signals have a fractal dimension of D1.7±0.05, very near the value of D=5/3 expected for Gaussian processes with a -5/3 power law in their power spectrum.
Explicit tracking of uncertainty increases the power of quantitative rule-of-thumb reasoning in cell biology
Creators: name: Johnston, Iain G.
name: Rickett, Benjamin C.
name: Jones, Nick S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: "Back-of-the-envelope" or "rule-of-thumb" calculations involving rough estimates of quantities play a central scientific role in developing intuition about the structure and behaviour of physical systems, for example in so-called `Fermi problems' in the physical sciences. Such calculations can be used to powerfully and quantitatively reason about biological systems, particularly at the interface between physics and biology. However, substantial uncertainties are often associated with values in cell biology, and performing calculations without taking this uncertainty into account may limit the extent to which results can be interpreted for a given problem. We present a means to facilitate such calculations where uncertainties are explicitly tracked through the line of reasoning, and introduce a `probabilistic calculator' called Caladis, a web tool freely available at www.caladis.org, designed to perform this tracking. This approach allows users to perform more statistically robust calculations in cell biology despite having uncertain values, and to identify which quantities need to be measured more precisely in order to make confident statements, facilitating efficient experimental design. We illustrate the use of our tool for tracking uncertainty in several example biological calculations, showing that the results yield powerful and interpretable statistics on the quantities of interest. We also demonstrate that the outcomes of calculations may differ from point estimates when uncertainty is accurately tracked. An integral link between Caladis and the Bionumbers repository of biological quantities further facilitates the straightforward location, selection, and use of a wealth of experimental data in cell biological calculations.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures
Dark Matter Searches with a Mono-Z' jet
Creators: name: Bai, Yang
name: Bourbeau, James
name: Lin, Tongyan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study collider signatures of a class of dark matter models with a GeV-scale dark Z'. At hadron colliders, the production of dark matter particles naturally leads to associated production of the Z', which can appear as a narrow jet after it decays hadronically. Contrary to the usual mono-jet signal from initial state radiation, the final state radiation of dark matter can generate the signature of a mono-Z' jet plus missing transverse energy. Performing a jet-substructure analysis to tag the Z' jet, we show that these Z' jets can be distinguished from QCD jets at high significance. Compared to mono-jets, a dedicated search for mono-Z' jet events can lead to over an order of magnitude stronger bounds on the interpreted dark matter-nucleon scattering cross sections.
description: 23 pages, 9 figures; journal version
Additional file 1 of Preferences for attributes of oral antipsychotic treatments: results from a discrete-choice experiment in respondents with schizophrenia or bipolar I disorder
Creators: name: Doane, Michael J.
name: Boeri, Marco
name: Vass, Caroline
name: Bussberg, Cooper
name: Panchmatia, Hemangi R.
name: Citrome, Leslie
name: Sajatovic, Martha
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: Additional file 1: Identification of stated-preference studies
title: Østbirk – a strategic settlement at the end of the Neolithic
Creators: name: Borup, Per
Publisher: name: Journal of Neolithic Archaeology
Year: 2019

description: Over a period of more than 10 years, Horsens Museum undertook a series of excavations at Østbirk, north of Horsens. These resulted in an extensive and diverse body of evidence from a settlement area with scattered houses and an associated cemetery with barrows and flat-field graves. The two areas lay together within a melt-water valley that also framed their areal extent. In dating terms, the burial ground extends from the Single Grave culture to the early Pre-Roman Iron Age, while the settlement is restricted to the period from the Late Neolithic to Early Bronze Age period IA (EBA IA). Neither the settlement nor the burial ground have been fully exposed, but collectively these two areas provide an excellent insight into a local agrarian community that, in the course of the Late Neolithic, developed under successive external cultural influences. In Late Neolithic I (LN I), these were, in the first instance, from the northern Jutish Bell Beaker environment, while in Late Neolithic II (LN II) they came from southern Sweden and the continental Únětice culture. The changes saw expression in not only a number of new artefact types but also in completely new grave forms and house types. In LN II, the latter included the hybrid house and the three-aisled longhouse, which both occurred together with the traditional two-aisled longhouse with a sunken floor. Throughout the entire habitation period, the settlement consisted of small households that, via economic cooperation, were able to practise intensive arable agriculture aimed at producing an economic surplus. The special significance of arable agriculture is demonstrated, first and foremost, by the farmsteads' utility- or economy buildings, and it was perhaps an increased need for these buildings that led to the development of new types of longhouses at the end of the period. The locality lay on one of the area's important travel and communication routes and later, in the Bronze Age, a palisade was built across the mouth of the valley, probably to regulate or control movement through this natural bottleneck.
description: Journal of Neolithic Archaeology, Vol. 20 (2018)
Magnetic axis safety factor of finite $β$ spheromaks and transition from spheromaks to toroidal magnetic bubbles
Creators: name: Bellan, Paul M.
name: Paccagnella, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The value of the safety factor on the magnetic axis of a finite-beta spheromak is shown to be a function of beta in contrast to what was used in P. M. Bellan, Phys. Plasmas 9, 3050 (2002); this dependence on beta substantially reduces the gradient of the safety factor compared to the previous calculation. The method for generating finite-beta spheromak equilibria is extended to generate equilibria describing toroidal magnetic "bubbles" where the hydrodynamic pressure on the magnetic axis is less than on the toroid surface. This "anti-confinement" configuration can be considered an equilibrium with an inverted beta profile and is relevant to interplanetary magnetic clouds as these clouds have lower hydrodynamic pressure in their interior than on their surface.
description: 21 pages, 7 figures
Generalized Smagorinsky model for anisotropic grids
Creators: name: Meneveau, C.
name: Lilly, D.K.
name: Scotti, A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1992

description: The Smagorinsky subgrid model is revised to properly account for grid anisotropy, using energy equilibrium considerations in isotropic turbulence. For moderate resolution anisotropies, Deardorff's estimate involving an equivalent grid scale Δeq= (Δ1Δ2Δ3)1/3 is given a rigorous basis. For more general grid anisotropies, the Smagorinsky eddy viscosity is recast as νT= [csΔeqf(a1, a2)] 2|S̃|, where f(a1,a2) is a function of the grid aspect ratios a1 and a2, and |S̃| is the resolved strain rate magnitude. The asymptotic behavior of νT at several limits of the aspect ratios are examined. Approximation formulas are developed so that f(a1,a2) can easily be evaluated in practice, for arbitrary values of a1 and a2. It is argued that these results should be used in conjunction with the dynamic model of Germano et al. whenever the anisotropy of the test-filter differs significantly from that of the basic grid.
Additional file 3 of Preferences for attributes of oral antipsychotic treatments: results from a discrete-choice experiment in respondents with schizophrenia or bipolar I disorder
Creators: name: Doane, Michael J.
name: Boeri, Marco
name: Vass, Caroline
name: Bussberg, Cooper
name: Panchmatia, Hemangi R.
name: Citrome, Leslie
name: Sajatovic, Martha
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: Additional file 3: DCE survey instrument questions
title: Petrological studies of Middle Neolithic stone artefacts from the Salenhof archaeological site near Trillfingen (SW Germany) give evidence for an early diversified long-distance exchange system
Creators: name: Stähle, Volker
name: Altherr, Rainer
name: Unrath, Günther
name: Varychev, Alexander
Publisher: name: Journal of Neolithic Archaeology
Year: 2019

description: The Salenhof (N 48.384071/E 8.822974) archaeological site near Trillfingen contains fragmentary shards of ornamented pottery of the Hinkelstein, Großgartach, Planig-Friedberg and Rössen cultures/groups. In total, 1209 retouched silex artefacts could be recovered at the Middle Neolithic settlement. The high fractions of silex borers (40.9 % of the artefacts) and arrowheads (5.4 %) suggest that jewelry production and hunting activities played a substantial role in addition to ordinary farming activities. Various archaeological objects of imported materials were petrologically studied with standard high resolution research methods. The artefacts consist of material derived from eight remote localities: fine-grained metabasic rocks (amhibolites) from Jistebsko in Northern Bohemia (1), arrowheads and silex artefacts from Lengfeld (2) and Abensberg-Arnhoven (3) in Bavaria, fine-grained eclogites from Monviso (4) in the Western Alps, semi-transparent arrowheads of Cretaceous flint from Rijckholt near Maastricht in the Netherlands (5) and from the Paris Basin (6), siliceous red iron ores from the Lahn-Dill region (7), and a large arrowhead of silex material from Auggen/Schliengen in the Markgräflerland in SW Germany (8). All these artefacts are evidence of far-reaching contacts and the transfer of goods within a Middle Neolithic population at Salenhof. The climax of an early, diversified long-distance exchange system in Central Europe may have occurred during the period of the Rössen Culture ca. 6700 years ago.
description: Journal of Neolithic Archaeology, Vol. 20 (2018)
title: Statistical Approach to Quantifying Interceptability of Interaction Scenarios for Testing Autonomous Surface Vessels
Creators: name: Hargis, Benjamin E.
name: Papelis, Yiannis E.
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: This paper presents a probabilistic approach to quantifying interceptability of an interaction scenario designed to test collision avoidance of autonomous navigation algorithms. Interceptability is one of many measures to determine the complexity or difficulty of an interaction scenario. This approach uses a combined probability model of capability and intent to create a predicted position probability map for the system under test. Then, intercept-ability is quantified by determining the overlap between the system under test probability map and the intruder’s capability model. The approach is general; however, a demonstration is provided using kinematic capability models and an odometry-based intent model.
Science and Research in Alcohol and Alcoholism
Creators: name: Carpenter, John A.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 1990

description: A pamphlet from the Center of Alcohol Studies Pamphlet Series published 1986-1992 to provide "clear, concise information on a wide variety of topics important to the alcohol field. They are easily readable introductions by authors considered authorities in their area" [From original series description] .
Additional file 4 of Preferences for attributes of oral antipsychotic treatments: results from a discrete-choice experiment in respondents with schizophrenia or bipolar I disorder
Creators: name: Doane, Michael J.
name: Boeri, Marco
name: Vass, Caroline
name: Bussberg, Cooper
name: Panchmatia, Hemangi R.
name: Citrome, Leslie
name: Sajatovic, Martha
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: Additional file 4: Analysis of preference data
Recent developments in dynamic fracture: Some perspectives
Creators: name: Fineberg, Jay
name: Bouchbinder, Eran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We briefly review a number of important recent experimental and theoretical developments in the field of dynamic fracture. Topics include experimental validation of the equations of motion for straight tensile cracks (in both infinite media and strip geometries), validation of a new theoretical description of the near-tip fields of dynamic cracks incorporating weak elastic nonlinearities, a new understanding of dynamic instabilities of tensile cracks in both 2D and 3D, crack front dynamics, and the relation between frictional motion and dynamic shear cracks. Related future research directions are briefly discussed.
description: Added refs. & figs., minor textual changes
COVID-19 as a Catalyst of Food Security Crisis. Whether the Existing System of Agriculture Can Remain the Same
Creators: name: Ovchynnykova, Oleksandra
name: Ovchynnykova, Oleksandra
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: COVID-19
subject: food security
subject: agriculture
subject: blue economy
subject: sustainability

description: From 2019 to 2022, since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the global percentage of hunger rose by 150 million people, which is 10% of the world population. At the same time, one-third of food is thrown away because it cannot reach the final consumer. Climate change, natural catastrophes, wars leading to humanitarian crises are the main and ongoing causes of hunger. COVID-19 acted as an accelerator of processes that exacerbate the food security crisis, to which import-dependent countries are especially sensitive. Quarantine that was introduced as a tool to combat the spread of the COVID-19 acted as a catalyst of social, economic, political, ecological, and food crisis that is displayed in the global economic system and in agriculture – its subsystem. At first glance, the increase in the percentage of starving populations on the planet is explained by poverty and the inability to purchase basic food products; a rise in prices was caused by breaks in logistics chains, the increase in the price of energy carriers, and economic shifts caused by the lockdown. In practice, despite the constantly growing volumes of global production of agro-industrial products, the balance between demand and supply of products that ensure the world's food security has been disturbed. The research problem lies in the insufficient determination of intangible causes of hunger, other than those caused by poverty and social inequality. The aim of the research is to show the prospects of the aggravation the food security crisis due to excess of food demand over supply, and to propose theoretical ways out of the crisis. The quantitative method of panel data research was used to prepare the article. The visualization method was used to simplify the perception of the proposed array of information. It is possible to overcome such social problems as hunger, poverty, climate and ecology problems caused by the increase in the temperature on the planet's surface, ocean pollution, and soil degradation only through adaptation and achieving synergy between the planet’s ecosystems. Agriculture as a main factor of food security should be transformed through implementing principles of climate-optimized agriculture and blue economy (use of ocean resources) as a source of “blue food” to achieve food sustainability.
description: DOI: 10.22630/PRS.2022.22.4.16
Blazars and Optical Depth in a non-linear, time-dependent injection and cooling scenario
Creators: name: Zacharias, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper the optical depths in blazars due to photo-pair production is calculated for a time-dependent, non-linear injection model. Several target photon fields are taken into account, namely the internal synchrotron, synchrotron-self Compton and external Compton radiation, as well as a constant external soft photon field. By applying the optical depths to theoretical blazar spectra only the constant external photon field turns out to significantly influence the radiation at high energies. The impact of the internal time-dependent radiation fields is either minor or requires extreme parameter settings. Additionally, the synchrotron-self absorption turn-over energy for low synchrotron energies is calculated, which is inherently time-dependent. It would be challenging to use it to constrain free parameters, since precise knowledge of the observation time relative to the injection time is needed. In conclusion, optical depth does not significantly influence the non-linear, time-dependent injection and cooling model.
description: accepted by MNRAS, 14 pages, 7 figures
Population and Migration in Rural Scotland (Policy Spotlight)
Creators: name: Vuin, Ana
name: Atterton, Jane
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 440607
subject: Population geography
classificationCode: 440305
subject: Population trends and policies
classificationCode: 440303
subject: Migration
classificationCode: 440609
subject: Rural and regional geography
classificationCode: 440406
subject: Rural community development
classificationCode: 440699
subject: Human geography not elsewhere classified

description: This policy spotlight is the third in a series of five that address the key persistent challenges of rural housing, depopulation, and exclusion/marginalisation. It provides some context about rural populations and population change as well as an overview of some rural initiatives in Scotland relating to population change. The other spotlights in this series are: Rural and Island Policy in Scotland, Contextualising the Rural, Scotland's Rural Landscape, Implications and Emerging Opportunities, Housing in Scotland's Rural and Island Communities, and Social Exclusion and Marginalised Voices in Scotland's Rural and Island Communities.
title: Archaeometric Analysis of Pottery Technology in the Funnel Beaker Culture
Creators: name: Struckmeyer, Katrin
Publisher: name: JNA -Institute of Pre- and Protohistoric Archaeology
Year: 2013

description: Die Analyse von Keramik führt zu neuen Erkenntnissen über die in den verschiedenen Regionen der Trichterbecherkultur verwendeten Keramiktechnologien. Damit kann ein wichtiger Beitrag zur Rekonstruktion von Kommunikationsstrukturen geleistet werden. In dem hier vorgestellten Projekt werden verschiedene naturwissenschaftliche Analyseverfahren angewendet, um technologische Aspekte, wie Rohmaterial und Magerung, zu untersuchen. Die Studie zeigt, dass überwiegend zerstoßener Granit als Magerungsmittel eingesetzt worden ist. Dünnschliffanalysen von Scherben aus dem Megalithgrab von Tannenhausen, Ldkr. Aurich (Ostfriesland, Deutschland), weisen darauf hin, dass die Gefäße des Grabes lokal, in derselben Töpfertradition hergestellt worden sind.
description: The analysis of pottery fragments reveals detailed information about the technology used in the different regions of the Funnel Beaker Culture. This will make an important contribution to the reconstruction of communication networks. In the project presented here, various analytical methods were used to investigate technological aspects such as the raw material and temper. These investigations showed that crushed granite was the predominant tempering agent. The analysis of thin sections of sherds from the megalithic tomb at Tannenhausen, in the District of Aurich (East Frisia, Germany), indicated that the vessels found in the tomb were all locally produced in the same pottery tradition.
The Adjustment of the Family to the Crisis of Alcoholism
Creators: name: Jackson, Joan K.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 1989

description: A pamphlet from the Center of Alcohol Studies Pamphlet Series published 1986-1992 to provide "clear, concise information on a wide variety of topics important to the alcohol field. They are easily readable introductions by authors considered authorities in their area" [From original series description] .
Compensating for population sampling in simulations of epidemic spread on temporal contact networks
Creators: name: Génois, Mathieu
name: Vestergaard, Christian L.
name: Cattuto, Ciro
name: Barrat, Alain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Data describing human interactions often suffer from incomplete sampling of the underlying population. As a consequence, the study of contagion processes using data-driven models can lead to a severe underestimation of the epidemic risk. Here we present a systematic method to alleviate this issue and obtain a better estimation of the risk in the context of epidemic models informed by high-resolution time-resolved contact data. We consider several such data sets collected in various contexts and perform controlled resampling experiments. We show how the statistical information contained in the resampled data can be used to build a series of surrogate versions of the unknown contacts. We simulate epidemic processes on the resulting reconstructed data sets and show that it is possible to obtain good estimates of the outcome of simulations performed using the complete data set. We discuss limitations and potential improvements of our method.
Synthetic observational signatures of coronal heating mechanisms from 3D numerical simulations
Creators: name: Fyfe, Lianne Elizabeth
Publisher: name: University of St Andrews
Year: 2022
Subjects: Sun
Corona
Oscillations
Magnetic fields
MHD
Magnetohydrodynamics
Forward modelling

description: In this thesis, we investigate the synthetic observables from 3D MHD simulations which explore coronal heating mechanisms. These models include the twisting of magnetic flux tubes, the propagation of transverse oscillations through complex braided magnetic fields and a coronal arcade driven by footpoint motions of different characteristic time scales. Through the use of forward modelling, the numerical model results are transformed into synthetic emission data. Examining such data will teach us more about, and help us identify, the observable features caused by the dynamics and heating of the coronal plasma. It will also help us build a catalogue of characteristics of energy release in the solar corona. This brings numerical models and observations closer together by allowing us to compare models and observations in a meaningful way. Most of the observables examined within this thesis are as one would expect with knowledge of the plasma parameters (i.e. the density, temperature and velocity field) but some of this information is not readily available from observations. We expected and observed line broadening in regions of fast outflows as a result of magnetic reconnection, high frequency signals when shorter time scale motions are present at the footpoints of a coronal arcade, and the impact the line-of-sight has on estimated kinetic energies. There are also signatures which are not necessarily obvious until the forward modelling is complete but nonetheless are intuitive after the fact. For example, waves helping identify regions of complex magnetic fields; coronal arcade structures are visible in Doppler velocity signatures as well as intensity images, and signatures of Alfvén and fast waves are present within coronal arcades. There is one feature we encounter which could be misinterpreted. During the model which examines transverse oscillations through a braided magnetic field, Doppler signatures are generated which look like those due to torsional motions. In fact, with prior knowledge of the simulation, these are the result of phase mixing and counter-propagating waves through a complex magnetic field. Finally we round up by examining if there is a relation (more specifically ratio) between wave amplitudes and non-thermal line widths. In order to estimate wave energies, previous studies have used such a relation where the non-thermal line widths are a factor of the square root of 2 smaller than the root mean squared wave amplitudes; however different factors have been used in other studies. We focus on determining whether one true value does exist by examining the simulations already presented in this thesis.
Nodeless superconductivity in the presence of spin-density wave in pnictide superconductors: The case of BaFe$_{2-x}$Ni$_{x}$As$_{2}$
Creators: name: Abdel-Hafiez, Mahmoud
name: Zhang, Yuanyuan
name: He, Zheng
name: Zhao, Jun
name: Bergmann, Christoph
name: Krellner, Cornelius
name: Duan, Chun-Gang
name: Lu, Xingye
name: Luo, Huiqian
name: Dai, Pengcheng
name: Chen, Xiao-Jia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The characteristics of Fe-based superconductors are manifested in their electronic, magnetic properties, and pairing symmetry of the Cooper pair, but the latter remain to be explored. Usually in these materials, superconductivity coexists and competes with magnetic order, giving unconventional pairing mechanisms. We report on the results of the bulk magnetization measurements in the superconducting state and the low-temperature specific heat down to 0.4 K for BaFe$_{2-x}$Ni$_{x}$As$_{2}$ single crystals. The {electronic} specific heat displays a pronounced anomaly at the superconducting transition temperature and a small residual part {at low temperatures in the superconducting state}. The normal-state Sommerfeld coefficient increases with Ni doping for $x$ = 0.092, 0.096, and 0.10, which illustrates the competition between magnetism and superconductivity. Our analysis of the temperature dependence of the superconducting-state specific heat and the London penetration depth provides strong evidence for a two-band $s$-wave order parameter. Further, the data of the London penetration depth calculated from the lower critical field follow an exponential temperature dependence, characteristic of a fully gapped superconductor. These observations clearly show that the superconducting gap in the nearly optimally doped compounds is nodeless.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
Explainable online ensemble of deep neural network pruning for time series forecasting
Creators: name: Saadallah, Amal
name: Jakobs, Matthias
name: Morik, Katharina
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Ensemble pruning
subject: Deep learning
subject: Online learning
subject: Time series forecasting
subject: Concept drift
subject: Explainability
subject: Saliency maps
subject: 004
subject: Deep learning
subject: Zeitreihe
subject: Maschinelles Lernen
subject: Salienz

description: Both the complex and evolving nature of time series data make forecasting among one of the most challenging tasks in machine learning. Typical methods for forecasting are designed to model time-evolving dependencies between data observations. However, it is generally accepted that none of them are universally valid for every application. Therefore, methods for learning heterogeneous ensembles by combining a diverse set of forecasters together appears as a promising solution to tackle this task. While several approaches in the context of time series forecasting have focused on how to combine individual models in an ensemble, ranging from simple and enhanced averaging tactics to applying meta-learning methods, few works have tackled the task of ensemble pruning, i.e. individual model selection to take part in the ensemble. In addition, in classical ML literature, ensemble pruning techniques are mostly restricted to operate in a static manner. To deal with changes in the relative performance of models as well as changes in the data distribution, we employ gradient-based saliency maps for online ensemble pruning of deep neural networks. This method consists of generating individual models’ performance saliency maps that are subsequently used to prune the ensemble by taking into account both aspects of accuracy and diversity. In addition, the saliency maps can be exploited to provide suitable explanations for the reason behind selecting specific models to construct an ensemble that plays the role of a forecaster at a certain time interval or instant. An extensive empirical study on many real-world datasets demonstrates that our method achieves excellent or on par results in comparison to the state-of-the-art approaches as well as several baselines. Our code is available on Github (https://github.com/MatthiasJakobs/os-pgsm/tree/ecml_journal_2022).
description: Machine learning;111(9)
Cyclic homology for Hom-associative algebras
Creators: name: Hassanzadeh, Mohammad
name: Shapiro, Ilya
name: Sütlü, Serkan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In the present paper we investigate the noncommutative geometry of a class of algebras, called the Hom-associative algebras, whose associativity is twisted by a homomorphism. We define the Hochschild, cyclic, and periodic cyclic homology and cohomology for this class of algebras generalizing these theories from the associative to the Hom-associative setting.
description: to appear in J. Geom. Phys
Designing for Relationality in Virtual Reality: Context-Specific Learning as a Primer for Content Relevancy
Creators: name: Boda, Phillip
name: Brown, Bryan
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Science achievement gaps exhibit racial disparities starting in primary grades and have been shown to persist through middle and high school. In turn, increasing positive attitudes toward science have been shown as one factor that affects academic achievement and motivation among K-12 students. Exploring novel ways that technology can influence diverse students’ attitudes toward science, and the design elements pertinent therein, is thus one prominent goal toward achieving science education for all. Leveraging the immersive nature of Virtual Reality 360 videos, we present a design-based research iteration testing how a novel technology-enhanced learning experience influenced close to 400 urban elementary students’ attitudes toward science. Using a two-way MANCOVA analysis, the data support that our design iteration emphasizing context-specific learning can prime students that do not see science as relevant to them to change these attitudes in significantly positive ways. Implications are discussed around relationality, technology use in urban schools, and local contexts as learning resources.
Additional file 2 of Preferences for attributes of oral antipsychotic treatments: results from a discrete-choice experiment in respondents with schizophrenia or bipolar I disorder
Creators: name: Doane, Michael J.
name: Boeri, Marco
name: Vass, Caroline
name: Bussberg, Cooper
name: Panchmatia, Hemangi R.
name: Citrome, Leslie
name: Sajatovic, Martha
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: Additional file 2: Search strategy for the systematic literature review
Adult Children of Alcoholics: Theory and Research
Creators: name: Johnson, Jeanette. L.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 1989

description: A pamphlet from the Center of Alcohol Studies Pamphlet Series published 1986-1992 to provide "clear, concise information on a wide variety of topics important to the alcohol field. They are easily readable introductions by authors considered authorities in their area" [From original series description] .
Double path interference and magnetic oscillations in Cooper pair transport through a single nanowire
Creators: name: Mironov, S. V.
name: Mel'nikov, A. S.
name: Buzdin, A. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the critical current of the Josephson junction consisting of superconducting electrodes coupled through a nanowire with two conductive channels can reveal the multi-periodic magnetic oscillations. The multi-periodicity originates from the quantum mechanical interference between the channels affected by both the strong spin-orbit coupling and Zeeman interaction. This minimal two-channel model is shown to explain the complicated interference phenomena observed recently in Josephson transport through Bi nanowires.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures