cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Free Cooling in der Klimakälte, Untersuchung des Potentials in der Schweiz
Creators: name: Rohrer, Stefan
name: König, Martin
name: Tillenkamp, Frank
Publisher: name: ZHAW Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften
Year: 2018
Subjects: Free Cooling
Klimakälte
Kälteanlage
Effizienz
Witschaftlichkeit
Energie
Energieeffizienz
621.04: Energietechnik

description: Auftraggeber der Studie ist das Bundesamt für Energie BFE
description: In dieser Arbeit wurde das Potential von Free Cooling (direkte Rückkühlung des Kühlmediums mit Einbezug der Umgebung) in der Klimakälte bezogen auf die Schweiz untersucht. Die zahl-reichen Ergebnisse und Diagramme aus dieser Arbeit ermöglichen dem Leser anhand weniger Schritte das Free Cooling Potential in Abhängigkeit von Vorlauftemperatur, Anwendungsart, Standort, Schaltung und Art der Rückkühlung abzuschätzen und so die Sinnhaftigkeit von Free Cooling oder das Optimierungspotential zu beurteilen. Eine Beschreibung dieses Vorgehens inkl. zahlreicher Hilfestellungen ist im Anhang ersichtlich.
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der einflussreichste Parameter die benötigte Vorlauftemperatur des Kühlmediums ist. Werden vom Verbraucher Temperaturen unterhalb von 14°C benötigt, fällt das Free Cooling Potential bis auf ein paar wenige Prozent zusammen und ist daher nicht zu empfehlen, sofern keine grösseren internen Lasten (z.B. Rechenzentrum) vorhanden sind.
Weiter ist das Potential stark von den klimatischen Verhältnissen am Standort abhängig. Kältere Regionen wie die Alpen ermöglichen über das Jahr einen längeren Free Cooling Betrieb als ver-gleichsweise wärmere Regionen wie das Mittelland oder das Tessin. Nutzt man trockene oder hybride Rückkühler nur zur Vorkühlung, kann sich das Potential verdoppeln.
Die weitaus grössten Potentiale bieten Wasseranbindungen (See-, Fluss- oder Grundwasser) oder Erdsonden. Jedoch müssen die Potentiale dieser Anbindungen von Fall zu Fall separat beurteilt werden, denn Boden- resp. Grundwassertemperaturen sind stark vom Ort abhängig und bei der einfachen Modellrechnung in dieser Arbeit wurden keine dynamischen Effekte bei der Abga-be von Wärme an den Boden berücksichtigt. Bei der Anbindung einer Erdwärmesonde muss zudem beachtet werden, dass das Free Cooling eine mögliche Sondenregeneration konkurriert. Weiter müssen die Gesetze bezüglich Grundwassernutzung hinsichtlich Erwärmung eingehalten werden.
Da eine Wärmenutzung der Kältemaschine einer Wärmeabgabe an die Umgebung (Free Cooling Betrieb) klar vorzuziehen ist, muss immer geprüft werden, ob ein Free Cooling Betrieb nicht die Kapazität einer möglichen Wärmenutzung gefährdet.
Equivariant Neural Networks for Spin Dynamics Simulations of Itinerant Magnets
Creators: name: Miyazaki, Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: I present a novel equivariant neural network architecture for the large-scale spin dynamics simulation of the Kondo lattice model. This neural network mainly consists of tensor-product-based convolution layers and ensures two equivariances: translations of the lattice and rotations of the spins. I implement equivariant neural networks for two Kondo lattice models on two-dimensional square and triangular lattices, and perform training and validation. In the equivariant model for the square lattice, the validation error (based on root mean squared error) is reduced to less than one-third compared to a model using invariant descriptors as inputs. Furthermore, I demonstrate the ability to reproduce phase transitions of skyrmion crystals in the triangular lattice, by performing dynamics simulations using the trained model.
description: 21 pages, 7 figures
Estimation of Plasmodium falciparum Transmission Intensity in Lilongwe, Malawi, by Microscopy, Rapid Diagnostic Testing, and Nucleic Acid Detection
Creators: name: Juliano, Jonathan J.
name: Patel, Jaymin C.
name: Meshnick, Steven R.
name: Thengolose, Isaac
name: Drakeley, Chris
name: Escamillia, Veronica
name: Martinson, Francis
name: Parr, Jonathan B.
name: Belson, Connor
name: Kamthunzi, Portia
name: Tegha, Gerald
name: Hoffman, Irving F.
name: Emch, Michael
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Estimates of malaria transmission intensity (MTI) typically rely upon microscopy or rapid diagnostic testing (RDT). However, these methods are less sensitive than nucleic acid amplification techniques and may underestimate parasite prevalence. We compared microscopy, RDT, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia as part of an MTI study of 800 children and adults conducted in Lilongwe, Malawi. PCR detected more cases of parasitemia than microscopy or RDT. Age less than 5 years predicted parasitemia detected by PCR alone (adjusted odds ratio = 1.61, 95% confidence interval = 1.09–2.38, Wald P = 0.02). In addition, we identified one P. falciparum parasite with a false-negative RDT result due to a suspected deletion of the histidine-rich protein 2 (hrp2) gene and used a novel, ultrasensitive PCR assay to detect low-level parasitemia missed by traditional PCR. Molecular methods should be considered for use in future transmission studies as a supplement to RDT or microscopy.
Exclusive Breastfeeding and Clinical Malaria Risk in 6-Month-Old Infants: A Cross-Sectional Study from Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Creators: name: Tabala, Martine
name: Kiketa, Landry
name: Brazeau, Nicholas F.
name: Kawende, Bienvenu
name: Chalachala, Jean Lambert
name: Kayembe, Dyna
name: Meshnick, Steven R.
name: Lapika, Bruno
name: Yotebieng, Marcel
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: The World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for the first 6 months of life. However, the effect of EBF on malaria risk remains unclear. In the present study, 137 EBF infants and 358 non-EBF infants from the Democratic Republic of the Congo were assessed for fever and malaria infections by polymerase chain reaction, at 6 months of age. EBF was associated with a reduced risk of clinical malaria (odds ratio = 0.13; 95% confidence interval = 0.00–0.80), suggesting a protective effect of EBF against malaria.
Supplementary document for Effects of color-enhancing glasses on color vision in congenital red-green color deficiencies - 5970243.pdf
Creators: name: Patterson, Emily
name: Mastey, Rebecca
name: Kuchenbecker, James
name: Rowlan, Jessica
name: Neitz, Jay
name: Neitz, Maureen
name: Carroll, Joseph
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Figures S1 (Measured emission spectra of the LCD display used) and S2 (JC_11356's Colour Assessment and Diagnosis results).
Interaction-motif-based classification of self-organizing metabolic cycles
Creators: name: Ouazan-Reboul, Vincent
name: Golestanian, Ramin
name: Agudo-Canalejo, Jaime
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Particles that are catalytically-active and chemotactic can interact through the concentration fields upon which they act, which in turn may lead to wide-scale spatial self-organization. When these active particles interact through several fields, these interactions gain an additional structure, which can result in new forms of collective behaviour. Here, we study a mixture of active species which catalyze the conversion of a substrate chemical into a product chemical, and chemotax in concentration gradients of both substrate and product. Such species develop non-reciprocal, specific interactions that we coarse-grain into attractive and repulsive, which can lead to a potentially complex interaction network. We consider the particular case of a metabolic cycle of three species, each of which interacts with itself and both other species in the cycle. We find that the stability of a cycle of species that only chemotax in gradients of their substrate is piloted by a set of two parameter-free conditions, which we use to classify the low number of corresponding interaction networks. In the more general case of substrate- and product-chemotactic species, we can derive a set of two high-dimensional stability conditions, which can be used to classify the stability of all the possible interaction networks based on the self- and pair-interaction motifs they contain. The classification scheme that we introduce can help guide future studies on the dynamics of complex interaction networks and explorations of the corresponding large parameter spaces in such metabolically active complex systems.
Fractional and $j$-fold colouring of the plane
Creators: name: Grytczuk, Jarosław
name: Junosza-Szaniawski, Konstanty
name: Sokół, Joanna
name: Węsek, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C15, 05C10, 05C62

description: We present results referring to the Hadwiger-Nelson problem which asks for the minimum number of colours needed to colour the plane with no two points at distance $1$ having the same colour. Exoo considered a more general problem concerning graphs $G_{[a,b]}$ with $\mathbb{R}^2$ as the vertex set and two vertices adjacent if their distance is in the interval $[a,b]$. Exoo conjectured $χ(G_{[a,b]}) = 7$ for sufficiently small but positive difference between $a$ and $b$. We partially answer this conjecture by proving that $χ(G_{[a,b]}) \geq 5$ for $b > a$. A $j$-fold colouring of graph $G = (V,E)$ is an assignment of $j$-elemental sets of colours to the vertices of $G$, in such a way that the sets assigned to any two adjacent vertices are disjoint. The fractional chromatic number $χ_f(G)$ is the infimum of fractions $k/j$ for $j$-fold colouring of $G$ using $k$ colours. We generalize a method by Hochberg and O'Donnel (who proved that $G_{[1,1]} \leq 4.36$) for fractional colouring of graphs $G_{[a,b]}$, obtaining a bound dependant on $\frac{a}{b}$. We also present few specific and two general methods for $j$-fold coloring of $G_{[a,b]}$ for small $j$, in particular for $G_{[1,1]}$ and $G_{[1,2]}$. The $j$-fold colouring for small $j$ has strong practical motivation especially in scheduling theory, while graph $G_{[1,2]}$ is often used to model hidden conflicts in radio networks.
Key Knowledge Gaps for Plasmodium vivax Control and Elimination
Creators: name: Baird, J. Kevin
name: Bassat, Quique
name: Leslie, Toby
name: Mueller, Ivo
name: Velarde, Mar
name: Wongsrichanalai, Chansuda
name: Lin, Jessica
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: There is inadequate understanding of the biology, pathology, transmission, and control of Plasmodium vivax, the geographically most widespread cause of human malaria. During the last decades, study of this species was neglected, in part due to the erroneous belief that it is intrinsically benign. In addition, many technical challenges in culturing the parasite also hampered understanding its fundamental biology and molecular and cellular responses to chemotherapeutics. Research on vivax malaria needs to be substantially expanded over the next decade to accelerate its elimination and eradication. This article summarizes key knowledge gaps identified by researchers, national malaria control programs, and other stakeholders assembled by the World Health Organization to develop strategies for controlling and eliminating vivax malaria. The priorities presented in this article emerged in these technical discussions, and were adopted by expert consensus of the authors. All involved understood the priority placed upon pragmatism in this research agenda, that is, focus upon tools delivering better prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance of P. vivax.
Strategies to Avoid Decline in Air Cargo Transportation
Creators: name: Vanacore, Christopher
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Medicine

description: The COVID-19 problem has changed how public, commercial, and non-governmental entities (NGOs) distribute products and services, particularly air transportation networks being one of the most affected. The article examines relevant challenges and opportunities in air transportation management, with a concentration on long-term durability in wake of contemporary, high human and financial consequences worldwide. The consequent economic system has the potential to bring about reforms in the aviation industry as well as a variety of public and corporate collaborations which will promote protracted environmental, societal, and economic strength. This article additionally addresses the main atmosphereˆas impact on the atmosphere with freight operations, including the impact of vastly reduced airline scheduling on increased capacity. It evaluates the administrationˆas possible role to play in providing the framework for cross-sector partnership, with the challenges of sustainable development, profitability, performance, and user engagement in mind. Corporations and governments might not have been able to include a representation for civic organizations, but NGOs may. Throughout international and domestic production processes, competitive markets connect producers at multiple levels to consumers. This article examines the short- and long-term conditions required by each of the three main sectors to address the imminent deficiencies in worldwide airline companies by merging fundamental principles from sustainable development and logistics. The report then looks into pressing but longer-term environmental challenges related to air travel, including global climate change, carbon emissions, and the nonrenewability of fossil resources.
Efficient Equivariant Transfer Learning from Pretrained Models
Creators: name: Basu, Sourya
name: Katdare, Pulkit
name: Sattigeri, Prasanna
name: Chenthamarakshan, Vijil
name: Driggs-Campbell, Katherine
name: Das, Payel
name: Varshney, Lav R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Efficient transfer learning algorithms are key to the success of foundation models on diverse downstream tasks even with limited data. Recent works of Basu et al. (2023) and Kaba et al. (2022) propose group averaging (equitune) and optimization-based methods, respectively, over features from group-transformed inputs to obtain equivariant outputs from non-equivariant neural networks. While Kaba et al. (2022) are only concerned with training from scratch, we find that equitune performs poorly on equivariant zero-shot tasks despite good finetuning results. We hypothesize that this is because pretrained models provide better quality features for certain transformations than others and simply averaging them is deleterious. Hence, we propose λ-equitune that averages the features using importance weights, λs. These weights are learned directly from the data using a small neural network, leading to excellent zero-shot and finetuned results that outperform equitune. Further, we prove that λ-equitune is equivariant and a universal approximator of equivariant functions. Additionally, we show that the method of Kaba et al. (2022) used with appropriate loss functions, which we call equizero, also gives excellent zero-shot and finetuned performance. Both equitune and equizero are special cases of λ-equitune. To show the simplicity and generality of our method, we validate on a wide range of diverse applications and models such as 1) image classification using CLIP, 2) deep Q-learning, 3) fairness in natural language generation (NLG), 4) compositional generalization in languages, and 5) image classification using pretrained CNNs such as Resnet and Alexnet.
Landscape Fragmentation as a Risk Factor for Buruli Ulcer Disease in Ghana
Creators: name: Smithwick, Erica A.H.
name: Wu, Jianyong
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Land cover and its change have been linked to Buruli ulcer (BU), a rapidly emerging tropical disease. However, it is unknown whether landscape structure affects the disease prevalence. To examine the association between landscape pattern and BU presence, we obtained land cover information for 20 villages in southwestern Ghana from high resolution satellite images, and analyzed the landscape pattern surrounding each village. Eight landscape metrics indicated that landscape patterns between BU case and reference villages were different (P < 0.05) at the broad spatial extent examined (4 km). The logistic regression models showed that landscape fragmentation and diversity indices were positively associated with BU presence in a village. Specifically, for each increase in patch density and edge density by 100 units, the likelihood of BU presence in a village increased 2.51 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.36–4.61) and 4.18 (95% CI = 1.63–10.76) times, respectively. The results suggest that increased landscape fragmentation may pose a risk to the emergence of BU.
D8.7 Data management plan (M6)
Creators: name: SmashHit Consortium
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Data Management Plan
ORDP: Open Research Data Pilot

description: Deliverable 8.7, “Data Management Plan” contains preliminary information about the data the project will generate, whether and how it will be exploited or made accessible for verification and re-use, and how it will be curated and preserved. The purpose of the Data Management Plan is to provide an analysis of the main elements of the data management policy that will be used by the consortium with regard to all the datasets that will be generated by the project. This deliverable also outlines how the research data collected or generated, will be handled during and after the smashHit project, describes which methodology for data collection and generation will be followed, and whether and how data will be shared.
Polarimetric and Spectroscopic Observations of a Dynamically New Comet C/2012 J1 (Catalina)
Creators: name: Ivanova, O.
name: Shubina, O.
name: Moiseev, A.
name: Afanasiev, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the analysis of the polarimetric and spectral data obtained for the dynamically new comet C/2012\,J1 (Catalina) when it was at a distance of 3.17~AU from the Sun. The observations were made at the prime focus of the 6-m BTA telescope using the SCORPIO-2 focal reducer. The map of the distribution of linear polarization in the cometary coma was constructed. The calculated value of linear polarization was on average about $-2\%$. Spectral analysis of the cometary coma allowed us to detect the emission of the CN molecule in the (0--0) band. The gas production rate was derived using the Haser model and amounted to $3.7\times10^{23}$~molecules per second.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Peering into the tilted heart of Cyg X-1 with high-precision optical polarimetry
Creators: name: Kravtsov, Vadim
name: Veledina, Alexandra
name: Berdyugin, Andrei V.
name: Zdziarski, Andrzej A.
name: Henson, Gary D.
name: Piirola, Vilppu
name: Sakanoi, Takeshi
name: Kagitani, Masato
name: Berdyugina, Svetlana V.
name: Poutanen, Juri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the high-precision optical polarimetric observations of black hole X-ray binary Cyg X-1, spanning several cycles of its 5.6 day orbital period. Week-long observations on two telescopes located in opposite hemispheres allowed us to track the evolution of the polarization within one orbital cycle with the highest temporal resolution to date. Using the field stars, we determine the interstellar polarization in the source direction and subsequently its intrinsic polarization. The optical polarization angle is aligned with that in the X-rays as recently obtained with the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer. Furthermore, it is consistent, within the uncertainties, with the position angle of the radio ejections. We show that the intrinsic PD is variable with the orbital period with the amplitude of $\sim$0.2% and discuss various sites of its production. Assuming the polarization arises from a single Thomson scattering of the primary star radiation by the matter that follows the black hole in its orbital motion, we constrain the inclination of the binary orbit $i>120^\circ$ and its eccentricity $e<0.08$. The asymmetric shape of the orbital profiles of Stokes parameters implies also the asymmetry of the scattering matter distribution about the orbital plane, which may arise from the tilted accretion disk. We compare our data to the polarimetric observations made over 1975-1987 and find good, within $1^\circ$, agreement between the intrinsic polarization angles. On the other hand, the PD decreased by 0.4% over half a century, suggesting the presence of secular changes in the geometry of accreting matter.
description: 12 pages, 18 figures
Longevity of Genotype-Specific Immune Responses to Plasmodium falciparum Merozoite Surface Protein 1 in Kenyan Children from Regions of Different Malaria Transmission Intensity
Creators: name: Meshnick, Steven R.
name: Kharabora, Oksana
name: Juliano, Jonathan J.
name: Bowman, Natalie M.
name: John, Chandy C.
name: Vulule, John
name: Snider, Cynthia J.
name: Moormann, Ann M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Naturally acquired immunity to Plasmodium falciparum presents a changing landscape as malaria control programs and vaccine initiatives are implemented. Determining which immunologic indicators remain surrogates of past infection, as opposed to mediators of protection, led us to compare stability of immune responses across regions with divergent malaria transmission intensities. A repeat cross-sectional study of Kenyan children from a malaria-holoendemic area and an epidemic-prone area was used to examine longitudinal antibody and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) responses to the 3D7 and FVO variants of merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1). Antibodies to MSP1 were common in both study populations and did not significantly wane over a 21-month time period. IFN-γ responses were less frequent and rapidly disappeared in children after a prolonged period of no malaria transmission. Antibody and IFN-γ responses rarely correlated with each other; however, MSP1-specific IFN-γ response correlated with lack of concurrent P. falciparum parasitemia of the same genotype, though only statistically significantly in the malaria-holoendemic region (odds ratio = 0.31, 95% confidence interval = 0.12–0.84). This study affirms that antimalarial antibodies are informative for evaluation of history of malaria exposure within individuals, whereas cell-mediated immunity, though short lived under natural exposure conditions, might provide an assessment of recent infection and protection from parasitemia.
Josephson-type oscillations in spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensates with nonlinear optical lattices
Creators: name: Sultana, Sumaita
name: Sekh, Golam Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider spin-orbit coupled Bose Einstein Condensate in presence of linear and nonlinear optical lattices within the framework of quasi-one-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii equation. The population imbalance between the states changes periodically with time and the oscillation amplitude depends sensitively on the initial phase. The optical lattice is found to change phase velocity of the oscillation of population imbalance. This oscillation can also be arrested beyond critical values of parameters. We find that the optical lattice can efficiently be used to control the critical point.
description: 6 pages, 9 Figures
Longitudinal Pooled Deep Sequencing of the Plasmodium vivax K12 Kelch Gene in Cambodia Reveals a Lack of Selection by Artemisinin
Creators: name: Brazeau, Nicholas F.
name: Bailey, Jeffrey A.
name: Juliano, Jonathan J.
name: Parobek, Christian M.
name: Lon, Chanthap
name: Hathaway, Nicholas
name: Saunders, David L.
name: Lin, Jessica T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: The emergence of artemisinin resistance among Plasmodium falciparum in the Greater Mekong subregion threatens malaria control interventions and is associated with multiple unique mutations in K13 (PF3D7_1343700). The aim of this study was to survey Cambodian Plasmodium vivax for mutations in the K13 ortholog (K12, PVX_083080) that might similarly confer artemisinin resistance. Extracted DNA from Cambodian isolates collected between 2009 and 2012 was pooled by province and year and submitted for next-generation sequencing. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified using a pile-up approach that detected minority SNPs. Among the 14 pools, we found six unique SNPs, including three nonsynonymous SNPs, across six codons in K12. However, none of the SNPs were orthologous to artemisinin resistance–conferring mutations in PF3D7_1343700, and nonsynonymous changes did not persist through time within populations. These results suggest a lack of selection in the P. vivax population in Cambodia due to artemisinin drug pressure.
Lepton flavor violation in the BLMSSM
Creators: name: Zhao, Shu-Min
name: Feng, Tai-Fu
name: Zhang, Hai-Bin
name: Zhan, Xi-Jie
name: Zhang, Yin-Jie
name: Yan, Ben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a supersymmetric extension of the standard model with local gauged baryon and lepton numbers (BLMSSM), there are new sources for lepton flavor violation, because the right-handed neutrinos and new gauginos are introduced. In BLMSSM, we study the charged lepton flavor violating processes $l_j\rightarrow l_i+γ$ and $l_j\rightarrow 3l_i$ in detail. The numerical results show that in some parameter space the branching ratios for charged lepton flavor violating processes can be large enough to be detected in the near future.
description: 27 pages,18 figures
Impact of the damping tail on neutrino mass constraints
Creators: name: Di Valentino, Eleonora
name: Gariazzo, Stefano
name: Giarè, William
name: Mena, Olga
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Model-independent mass limits assess the robustness of current cosmological measurements of the neutrino mass scale. Consistency between high-multipole and low-multiple Cosmic Microwave Background observations measuring such scale further valuate the constraining power of present data. We derive here up-to-date limits on neutrino masses and abundances exploiting either the Data Release 4 of the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) or the South Pole Telescope polarization measurements from SPT-3G, envisaging different non-minimal background cosmologies and marginalizing over them. By combining these high-$\ell$ observations with Supernova Ia, Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO), Redshift Space Distortions (RSD) and a prior on the reionization optical depth from WMAP data, we find that the marginalized bounds are competitive with those from Planck analyses. We obtain $\sum m_ν<0.139$ eV and $N_{\textrm{eff}}= 2.82\pm 0.25$ in a dark energy quintessence scenario, both at $95\%$ CL. These limits translate into $\sum m_ν<0.20$ eV and $N_{\textrm{eff}}= 2.79^{+0.30}_{-0.28}$ after marginalizing over a plethora of well-motivated fiducial models. Our findings reassess both the strength and the reliability of cosmological neutrino mass constraints.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures, 4 tables. Matches version accepted for publication in PRD
Pooled Amplicon Deep Sequencing of Candidate Plasmodium falciparum Transmission-Blocking Vaccine Antigens
Creators: name: Brazeau, Nicholas F.
name: Saunders, David L.
name: Mårtensson, Andreas
name: Randrianarivelojosia, Milijaona
name: Hoffman, Irving
name: Das, Bidyut K.
name: Mwandagalirwa, Kashamuka
name: Dhar, Ravi
name: Lon, Chanthap
name: Martinson, Francis
name: Ngasala, Billy
name: Kumar, Nirbhay
name: Parobek, Christian M.
name: Meshnick, Steven R.
name: Tshefu, Antoinette
name: Juliano, Jonathan J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Polymorphisms within Plasmodium falciparum vaccine candidate antigens have the potential to compromise vaccine efficacy. Understanding the allele frequencies of polymorphisms in critical binding regions of antigens can help in the designing of strain-transcendent vaccines. Here, we adopt a pooled deep-sequencing approach, originally designed to study P. falciparum drug resistance mutations, to study the diversity of two leading transmission-blocking vaccine candidates, Pfs25 and Pfs48/45. We sequenced 329 P. falciparum field isolates from six different geographic regions. Pfs25 showed little diversity, with only one known polymorphism identified in the region associated with binding of transmission-blocking antibodies among our isolates. However, we identified four new mutations among eight non-synonymous mutations within the presumed antibody-binding region of Pfs48/45. Pooled deep sequencing provides a scalable and cost-effective approach for the targeted study of allele frequencies of P. falciparum candidate vaccine antigens.
Validation of diagnostic accuracy of a handheld, smartphone-based rhythm recording device
Creators: name: Nordin, Astrid Paul
name: Carnlöf, Carina
name: Insulander, per
name: Ali, Amina Mohammad
name: Jensen-Urstad, Mats
name: Saluveer, Ott
name: Drca, Nikola
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: Evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of a rhythm recording device, for detection of atrial tachyarrhythmia (ATA) and atrial fibrillation (AF) compared to 12-lead-electrocardiogram (12-L-ECG). Two hundred 12-L-ECGs (reference standard) and Coala Heart Monitor (CHM) recordings (index test) were collected from 189 patients. Two electrophysiologists independently performed manual analysis of all 12-L-ECGs and CHM recordings in random order. The CHM recordings were also analyzed by an automatic algorithm and compared to the results of the reference standard. Manual analysis of CHM for ATA showed a sensitivity of 98.9% (95% confidence interval (CI): 94.0–100) and a specificity of 100% (CI: 96.6–100). Manual analysis for AF had a sensitivity of 100% (CI: 95.3–100) and a specificity of 97.5% (CI: 93.0–99.5). Automatic analysis for ATA showed a sensitivity of 93.5% (CI: 86.3–97.6) and a specificity of 92.6% (CI: 85.9–96.7). Automatic analysis for AF showed a sensitivity of 97.4% (CI: 91.0–99.7) and a specificity of 86.1% (CI: 78.6–91.7). CHM has a very high accuracy for ATA and AF in manual analysis and a high accuracy for ATA and AF in automatic analysis, making the device suitable for screening.
Assessing the Psychometric Properties of the PDI in JTC literature
Creators: name: Doherty, Rose
name: Balzan, Ryan
name: Weber, Nathan
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Cognitive Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: This study is a follow-up assessment using some of the data collected from an ongoing review (see PROSPERO Registration CRD42021266402). We aim to use the raw Peters et al Delusions Inventory (PDI) data provided by authors of included studies in our larger review to determine the psychometric properties and factor structure of the PDI as a measure of delusional ideation within JTC literature. Rose Doherty, Charley Hillier, Ryan Balzan, Nathan Weber. Cognitive biases and delusional ideation: a systematic review and meta-analysis across the psychosis continuum. PROSPERO 2021 CRD42021266402 Available from: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021266402
Population Density, Poor Sanitation, and Enteric Infections in Nueva Santa Rosa, Guatemala
Creators: name: Roy, Sharon L.
name: Reyes, Lisette
name: Lopez, Beatriz
name: Bryan, Joe P.
name: Patel, Jaymin
name: Muñoz, Fredy
name: Jarquin, Claudia
name: Thornton, Andrew
name: Cuéllar, Victoria M.
name: Arnold, Benjamin F.
name: Colford, John M.
name: McCracken, John P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Poor sanitation could pose greater risk for enteric pathogen transmission at higher human population densities because of greater potential for pathogens to infect new hosts through environmentally mediated and person-to-person transmission. We hypothesized that incidence and prevalence of diarrhea, enteric protozoans, and soil-transmitted helminth infections would be higher in high-population-density areas compared with low-population-density areas, and that poor sanitation would pose greater risk for these enteric infections at high density compared with low density. We tested our hypotheses using 6 years of clinic-based diarrhea surveillance (2007–2013) including 4,360 geolocated diarrhea cases tested for 13 pathogens and a 2010 cross-sectional survey that measured environmental exposures from 204 households (920 people) and tested 701 stool specimens for enteric parasites. We found that population density was not a key determinant of enteric infection nor a strong effect modifier of risk posed by poor household sanitation in this setting.
CRN Coding Manual Strengths .docx
Creators: name: Schroder, Thomas
name: Choudhary, Soumya
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 170106 Health, Clinical and Counselling Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: This is a coding manual containing instructions for coding responses to the item “What do you feel is your greatest strength as a therapist?” from the Common Core Questionnaire of the International Study of the Professional Development of Psychotherapists
Using Giant Pulses to Measure the Impulse Response of the Interstellar Medium
Creators: name: Mahajan, Nikhil
name: van Kerkwijk, Marten H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Giant pulses emitted by PSR B1937+21 are bright, intrinsically impulsive bursts. Thus, the observed signal from a giant pulse is a noisy but direct measurement of the impulse response from the ionized interstellar medium. We use this fact to detect 13,025 giant pulses directly in the baseband data of two observations of PSR B1937+21. Using the giant pulse signals, we model the time-varying impulse response with a sparse approximation method, in which the time dependence at each delay is decomposed in Fourier components, thus constructing a wavefield as a function of delay and differential Doppler shift. We find that the resulting wavefield has the expected parabolic shape, with several diffuse structures within it, suggesting the presence of multiple scattering locations along the line of sight. We also detect an echo at a delay of about 2.4 ms, over 1.5 times the rotation period of the pulsar, which between the two observations moves along the trajectory expected from geometry. The structures in the wavefield are insufficiently sparse to produce a complete model of the system, and hence the model is not predictive across gaps larger than about the scintillation time. Nevertheless, within its range, it reproduces about 75% of the power of the impulse response, a fraction limited mostly by the signal-to-noise ratio of the observations. Furthermore, we show that by deconvolution, using the model impulse response, we can successfully recover the intrinsic pulsar emission from the observed signal.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ
Pupillary Light Reflexes are Associated with Autonomic Dysfunction in Bolivian Diabetics But Not Chagas Disease Patients
Creators: name: Ferrufino, Lisbeth
name: Morris, Tiffany
name: Tornheim, Jeffrey A.
name: Moore, Steven T.
name: Vu, Nancy
name: Colanzi, Rony
name: Halperin, Anthony
name: Bowman, Natalie M.
name: MacDougall, Hamish
name: Pajuelo, Monica
name: Carnero, Andrés M.
name: Camacho, Marilyn
name: Justiniano, Juan
name: Bern, Caryn
name: Gilman, Robert H.
name: Galdos-Cardenas, Gerson
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Autonomic dysfunction is common in Chagas disease and diabetes. Patients with either condition complicated by cardiac autonomic dysfunction face increased mortality, but no clinical predictors of autonomic dysfunction exist. Pupillary light reflexes (PLRs) may identify such patients early, allowing for intensified treatment. To evaluate the significance of PLRs, adults were recruited from the outpatient endocrine, cardiology, and surgical clinics at a Bolivian teaching hospital. After testing for Chagas disease and diabetes, participants completed conventional autonomic testing (CAT) evaluating their cardiovascular responses to Valsalva, deep breathing, and orthostatic changes. PLRs were measured using specially designed goggles, then CAT and PLRs were compared as measures of autonomic dysfunction. This study analyzed 163 adults, including 96 with Chagas disease, 35 patients with diabetes, and 32 controls. PLRs were not significantly different between Chagas disease patients and controls. Patients with diabetes had longer latency to onset of pupil constriction, slower maximum constriction velocities, and smaller orthostatic ratios than nonpatients with diabetes. PLRs correlated poorly with CAT results. A PLR-based clinical risk score demonstrated a 2.27-fold increased likelihood of diabetes complicated by autonomic dysfunction compared with the combination of blood tests, CAT, and PLRs (sensitivity 87.9%, specificity 61.3%). PLRs represent a promising tool for evaluating subclinical neuropathy in patients with diabetes without symptomatic autonomic dysfunction. Pupillometry does not have a role in the evaluation of Chagas disease patients.
THE REASONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CONGENITAL CYSTS OF THE NECK AND IMPROVING THE PREVENTION OF THEIR DEVELOPMENT
Creators: name: Shermatova, Kamola
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The congenital cyst and leakage pathways of the neck are relatively rare within embryonic developmental defects. Gubaydulina E.Ya. and Tsegolnik L.N. according to the data of tumors and tumors found in the face-jaw and neck, their proportion is barely 5% within the normal derivatives, while patients in this pathology make up 2% of all patients in the facial-jaw division.
The role of feedback in the robotic-assisted upper limb rehabilitation in people with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review
Creators: name: Gandolfi, Marialuisa
name: Mazzoleni, Stefano
name: Morone, Giovanni
name: Iosa, Marco
name: Galletti, Filippo
name: Smania, Nicola
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Robotic-assisted upper limb rehabilitation might improve upper limb recovery in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) with moderate-to-severe disability. In the few existing studies, the training effects have been related to the type of intervention, if intensive, repetitive, or task-oriented training might promote neuroplasticity and recovery. Notably, most of these devices operate within a serious game context providing different feedback. Since feedback is a key component of motor control and thus involved in motor and cognitive rehabilitation, clinicians cannot desist from considering the potential contribution of feedback in the upper limb robot-assisted rehabilitation effects. In this systematic review, we reported the rehabilitation protocols used in the robot-assisted upper limb training in PwMS to provide state-of-the-art on the role of feedback in robotic-assisted Upper Limb rehabilitation. PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database databases were systematically searched from inception to March 2022. After a literature search, the classification systems for feedback and the serious game were applied. There is a need for sharing standard definitions and components of feedback and serious game in technologically assisted upper limb rehabilitation. Indeed, improving these aspects might further improve the effectiveness of such training in the management of PwMS.
Results of a Measurement of Solar Neutrons Emitted on March 5, 2012 using a Fiber-type neutron monitor onboard the SEDA-AP attached to the ISS
Creators: name: Koga, K.
name: Matsumoto, H.
name: Okudaira, O.
name: Goka, T.
name: Obara, T.
name: Masuda, S.
name: Muraki, Y.
name: Shibata, S.
name: Yamamoto, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The solar neutron detector SEDA-FIB onboard the International Space Station (ISS) has detected several events from the solar direction associated with three large solar flares observed on March 5th (X1.1), 7th (X5.4), and 9th (M6.3) of 2012. In this study, we present the time profiles of those neutrons and discuss the physics that may be related to a possible acceleration scenario for ions over the solar surface. We compare our data with the dynamical pictures of the flares obtained by the ultra-violet telescope of the space-based Solar Dynamics Observatory.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures, and 1 table Proceeding of the 34th International Cosmic Ray Conference in Hague in August, 2015
Unbiasing time-dependent Variational Monte Carlo by projected quantum evolution
Creators: name: Sinibaldi, Alessandro
name: Giuliani, Clemens
name: Carleo, Giuseppe
name: Vicentini, Filippo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the accuracy and sample complexity of variational Monte Carlo approaches to simulate the dynamics of many-body quantum systems classically. By systematically studying the relevant stochastic estimators, we are able to: (i) prove that the most used scheme, the time-dependent Variational Monte Carlo (tVMC), is affected by a systematic statistical bias or exponential sample complexity when the wave function contains some (possibly approximate) zeros, an important case for fermionic systems and quantum information protocols; (ii) show that a different scheme based on the solution of an optimization problem at each time step is free from such problems; (iii) improve the sample complexity of this latter approach by several orders of magnitude with respect to previous proofs of concept. Finally, we apply our advancements to study the high-entanglement phase in a protocol of non-Clifford unitary dynamics with local random measurements in 2D, first benchmarking on small spin lattices and then extending to large systems.
description: 8+6 pages, 6 figures
Validation of diagnostic accuracy of a handheld, smartphone-based rhythm recording device
Creators: name: Nordin, Astrid Paul
name: Carnlöf, Carina
name: Insulander, Per
name: Ali, Amina Mohammad
name: Jensen-Urstad, Mats
name: Saluveer, Ott
name: Drca, Nikola
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: Evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of a rhythm recording device, for detection of atrial tachyarrhythmia (ATA) and atrial fibrillation (AF) compared to 12-lead-electrocardiogram (12L-ECG). Two hundred 12L-ECGs (reference standard) and Coala Heart Monitor (CHM) recordings (index test) were collected from 189 patients. Two electrophysiologists independently performed manual analysis of all 12L-ECGs and CHM recordings in random order. The CHM recordings were also analyzed by an automatic algorithm and compared to the results of the reference standard. Manual analysis of CHM for ATA, showed a sensitivity of 98.9% (95% confidence interval (CI): 94.0-100) and a specificity of 100% (CI: 96.6-100). Manual analysis for AF had a sensitivity of 100% (CI: 95.3-100) and a specificity of 97.5% (CI: 93.0-99.5). Automatic analysis for ATA showed a sensitivity of 93.5% (CI: 86.3- 97.6) and a specificity of 92.6% (CI: 85.9-96.7). Automatic analysis for AF showed a sensitivity of 97.4% (CI: 91.0-99.7) and a specificity of 86.1% (CI: 78.6-91.7). CHM has a very high accuracy for ATA and AF in manual analysis and a high accuracy for ATA and AF in automatic analysis, making the device suitable for screening.
Nucleation of symmetric domains in the coupled leaflets of a bilayer
Creators: name: Williamson, John J.
name: Olmsted, Peter D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the kinetics governing the attainment of inter-leaflet domain symmetry in a phase-separating amphiphilic bilayer. "Indirect" inter-leaflet coupling via hydrophobic mismatch can induce an instability towards a metastable pattern of locally asymmetric domains upon quenching from high temperature. This necessitates a nucleation step to form the conventional symmetric pattern of domains, which are favoured by a "direct" inter-leaflet coupling. We model the energetics for a symmetric domain to nucleate from the metastable state, and find that an interplay between hydrophobic mismatch and thickness stretching/compression causes the effective hydrophobic mismatch, and thus line tension, to depend on domain size. This leads to strong departure from classical nucleation theory. We speculate on implications for cell membrane rafts or clusters, whose size may be of similar magnitude to estimated critical radii for domain symmetry.
description: Final accepted version, published in Soft Matter 2015 (DOI: 10.1039/C5SM01328C)