cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Rábano :
title: Directrices para la ejecución del examen de la distinción, la homogeneidad y la estabilidad.
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Unas)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2023

description: La finalidad de estas directrices (“directrices de examen”) es elaborar los principios que figuran en la Introducción General (documento TG/1/3) y sus documentos TGP conexos, con objeto de que sirvan de orientación práctica y detallada para el examen armonizado de la distinción, homogeneidad y estabilidad (DHE) y en particular, para identificar los caracteres apropiados para el examen DHE y producir descripciones armonizadas de variedades.
Autosegmental Neural Nets: Should Phones and Tones be Synchronous or Asynchronous?
Creators: name: Li, Jialu
name: Hasegawa-Johnson, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Phones, the segmental units of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), are used for lexical distinctions in most human languages; Tones, the suprasegmental units of the IPA, are used in perhaps 70%. Many previous studies have explored cross-lingual adaptation of automatic speech recognition (ASR) phone models, but few have explored the multilingual and cross-lingual transfer of synchronization between phones and tones. In this paper, we test four Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC)-based acoustic models, differing in the degree of synchrony they impose between phones and tones. Models are trained and tested multilingually in three languages, then adapted and tested cross-lingually in a fourth. Both synchronous and asynchronous models are effective in both multilingual and cross-lingual settings. Synchronous models achieve lower error rate in the joint phone+tone tier, but asynchronous training results in lower tone error rate.
description: Accepted to Interspeech 2020
ConsNet: Learning Consistency Graph for Zero-Shot Human-Object Interaction Detection
Creators: name: Liu, Ye
name: Yuan, Junsong
name: Chen, Chang Wen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider the problem of Human-Object Interaction (HOI) Detection, which aims to locate and recognize HOI instances in the form of in images. Most existing works treat HOIs as individual interaction categories, thus can not handle the problem of long-tail distribution and polysemy of action labels. We argue that multi-level consistencies among objects, actions and interactions are strong cues for generating semantic representations of rare or previously unseen HOIs. Leveraging the compositional and relational peculiarities of HOI labels, we propose ConsNet, a knowledge-aware framework that explicitly encodes the relations among objects, actions and interactions into an undirected graph called consistency graph, and exploits Graph Attention Networks (GATs) to propagate knowledge among HOI categories as well as their constituents. Our model takes visual features of candidate human-object pairs and word embeddings of HOI labels as inputs, maps them into visual-semantic joint embedding space and obtains detection results by measuring their similarities. We extensively evaluate our model on the challenging V-COCO and HICO-DET datasets, and results validate that our approach outperforms state-of-the-arts under both fully-supervised and zero-shot settings. Code is available at https://github.com/yeliudev/ConsNet.
description: Accepted to Proceedings of the 28th ACM International Conference on Multimedia (MM 2020)
Implementation and Evaluation of Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) for Continuous Seismic Monitoring of Geothermal Fields in the Munich Area (Germany)
Creators: name: Azzola, Jerome
name: Gaucher, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Year: 2023

description: Supplying district heating networks with geothermal energy becomes a high priority to support the energy transition in areas prone to geothermal exploitation. The growth of this energy sector provides the industry with previously unavailable resources to implement advanced monitoring strategies, aiming to foster sustainable operation of the resource. In this context, local operators of the Munich area (Germany) are interested in the capabilities of the Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing (DFOS) for routine monitoring of the production and of the operated hydrothermal system – the porous Malm reservoir. 
We share the outcomes and knowledge acquired from DAS measurements conducted over two years on two dedicated infrastructures in the Munich area. One consists of a 700 m long fiber optic cable (FOC), which is deployed in an injection well of the Schäftlarnstraße geothermal field. The second site consists of an 80-meter FOC section deployed in a loop configuration near surface and a dedicated well reaching a depth of 250 meters, complemented by a surface broadband seismometer. Our analysis encompasses a comprehensive range of monitoring tasks, starting from the handling of the substantial data flow using a dedicated data management system. We also explore its effective implementation as one additional component of the routine monitoring of the operational activity at the plant. The study covers different stages of data processing, from the data triggering and the detection of seismic events to the description of seismic sources, particularly in terms of location, moment magnitude, and stress drop. The presence of a co-located sensor allows for an assessment of the consistency of the DAS measurements. Moreover, the simultaneous deployment of a surface seismometer network and a low-aperture geophone array gives the opportunity to compare the capabilities of these different set-ups for detecting (micro-)seismic events within the study area.
The contribution of DAS to the monitoring network varies according to the location of the observed seismicity. However, our measurements show that DAS can complement the surface network by providing increased sensitivity for low-magnitude events close to downhole measurement points, and offers advanced processing capabilities, for applications beyond seismic monitoring too.
Food Security and Income through Sweet Potato Production in Teso, Uganda
Creators: name: Epeju, William Faustine
name: Rukundo, Peter Milton
name: Epeju, William Faustine
name: Rukundo, Peter Milton
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: climate change
subject: disaster
subject: farm productivity
subject: food access
subject: food availability
subject: food security
subject: income
subject: policy
subject: right to adequate food, sweet potatoes

description: Two relevant studies on food security are referred to in the article. Food insecurity from time to time threatens in Teso sub region which houses a viable Teso agricultural system. One study was done during 2001-2003 in Teso on sweet potato production with 650 persons participating and the second one was done in one disaster affected area of Bududa District nearby during 2012-2016 when 1,142 persons participated. Kiryandongo District where Bududa landslide survivors were resettled in Uganda was included in that study. Participatory methods such as focus group discussions, farm observations, in-depth interviews, and questionnaires were used. Both studies used qualitative and quantitative methods for data analysis. The sweet potato stands second after cassava as the crop for famine and disaster periods in Teso to meet the human right to adequate food to complement the well dried cereals & grain legumes that stored longer. Livestock especially was also one of the prime determinants of food security and income in Teso. Free from cyanides with a good content of affordable Vitamin A from orange fleshed varieties, sweet potatoes in Teso contributed about 61% to the yearly food per capita of the population thus a recommendable crop for sustainable food security and some income in Teso and beyond.
Semi-classical analysis of black holes in Loop Quantum Gravity: Modelling Hawking radiation with volume fluctuations
Creators: name: Heidmann, Pierre
name: Liu, Hongguang
name: Noui, Karim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce the notion of fluid approximation of a quantum spherical black hole in the context of Loop Quantum Gravity. In this limit, the microstates of the black hole are intertwiners between "large" representations $s_i$ which typically scale as $s_i \sim \sqrt{a_H}$ where $a_H$ denotes the area of the horizon in Planck units. The punctures with large colors are, for the black hole horizon, similar to what are the fluid parcels for a classical fluid. We dub them puncels. Hence, in the fluid limit, the horizon is composed by puncels which are themselves interpreted as composed (in the sense of the tensor product) by a large number of more fundamental intertwiners. We study the spectrum of the euclidean volume acting on puncels and we compute its quantum fluctuations. Then, we propose an interpretation of black holes radiation based on the properties of the quantum fluctuations of the euclidean volume operator. We estimate a typical temperature of the black hole and we show that it scales as the Hawking temperature.
description: 18 pages, 3 figures
A State-Dependent Noncontextuality Inequality in Algebraic Quantum Theory
Creators: name: Kitajima, Yuichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The noncontextuality condition states that a value of any observable is independent of which other compatible observable is measured jointly with it. Klyachko, Can, Binicio{ğ}lu, and Shumovsky have introduced an inequality which holds if there is a noncontextual hidden variable theory. It is called KCBS inequality, which is state-dependent. Its violation shows a contradiction between predictions of quantum theory and noncontextual hidden variable theories. In the present paper, it is shown that there is a state which does not violate KCBS inequality in the case of quantum mechanics of finite degrees of freedom, and that any normal state violates it in the case of algebraic quantum field theory. It is a difference between quantum mechanics of finite degrees of freedom and algebraic quantum field theory from a point of view of KCBS inequality.
A study of open rib orthotropic steel bridge decks
Creators: name: Chen, Katherine
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2022

description: Steel orthotropic bridge decks (SOBD) have been widely used for long span bridges, but have not been heavily employed for short and medium span bridges that encompass the majority of highway bridges in the United States. The lack of robust standards and high initial cost of fabrication have deterred the widespread utilization of these bridge decks. Additionally, closed rib decks were used more frequently compared to open rib decks, as they were perceived to be more structurally efficient. However, open rib decks have great potential for economical fabrication and increased implementation due to the ease of welding and access for inspection when building these decks. With most of the SOBD studies having been performed on closed rib decks, open rib decks have not been adequately investigated. More research is needed to understand its behavior in order to gain wider acceptance and use of open rib decks. In this study about open rib orthotropic decks, Abaqus (Simulia, Dassault Systemes) was used to analyze and compare the effects of two rib cutout shapes, with the stresses at the rib-to-floor beam connection being of special interest.
AI-MOLE: Autonomous Iterative Motion Learning for Unknown Nonlinear Dynamics with Extensive Experimental Validation
Creators: name: Meindl, Michael
name: Bachhuber, Simon
name: Seel, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This work proposes Autonomous Iterative Motion Learning (AI-MOLE), a method that enables systems with unknown, nonlinear dynamics to autonomously learn to solve reference tracking tasks. The method iteratively applies an input trajectory to the unknown dynamics, trains a Gaussian process model based on the experimental data, and utilizes the model to update the input trajectory until desired tracking performance is achieved. Unlike existing approaches, the proposed method determines necessary parameters automatically, i.e., AI-MOLE works plug-and-play and without manual parameter tuning. Furthermore, AI-MOLE only requires input/output information, but can also exploit available state information to accelerate learning.
 While other approaches are typically only validated in simulation or on a single real-world testbed using manually tuned parameters, we present the unprecedented result of validating the proposed method on three different real-world robots and a total of nine different reference tracking tasks without requiring any a priori model information or manual parameter tuning. Over all systems and tasks, AI-MOLE rapidly learns to track the references without requiring any manual parameter tuning at all, even if only input/output information is available.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, journal article
Calculations in induced gravity from higher-derivative field theories
Creators: name: Kan, Nahomi
name: Shiraishi, Kiyoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we investigate Einstein's gravity induced from higher-derivative scalar field theories. We develop an approach utilizing an effective theory of multiple fields for the higher-derivative theory. The expressions for induced cosmological constant and the induced gravitational constant are obtained in the present scenario of induced gravity in D dimensions. We also show that finite values for the induced constants can be extracted in certain infinite-derivative theories.
description: 19 pages, no figure
Scaling Relations of Mass, Velocity and Radius for Disk Galaxies
Creators: name: Schulz, Earl J
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I demonstrate four tight correlations of total baryonic mass, velocity and radius for a set of nearby disk galaxies: the Mass-Velocity relation $ Mt \propto V^4$; the Mass-Radius relation $ Mt \propto R^2$; the Radius-Velocity relation $R \propto V^2$; and the Mass-Radius-Velocity relation $ Mt \propto R V^2$. The Mass-Velocity relation is the familiar Baryonic Tully-Fisher relation(BTFR) and versions of the other three relations, using magnitude rather than baryonic mass, are also well known. These four observed correlations follow from a pair of more fundamental relations. First, the centripetal acceleration at the edge of the stellar disk is proportional to the acceleration predicted by Newtonian physics and secondly, this acceleration is a constant which is related to Milgrom's constant. The two primary relations can be manipulated algebraically to generate the four observed correlations and allow little room for dark matter inside the radius of the stellar disk. The primary relations do not explain the velocity of the outer gaseous disks of spiral galaxies which do not trace the Newtonian gravitational field of the observed matter.
Almost sure local well-posedness for the supercritical quintic NLS
Creators: name: Brereton, Justin T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper studies the quintic nonlinear Schrödinger equation on $\mathbb{R}^d$ with randomized initial data below the critical regularity $H^{\frac{d-1}{2}}$. The main result is a proof of almost sure local well-posedness given a Wiener Randomization of the data in $H^s$ for $s \in (\frac{d-2}{2}, \frac{d-1}{2})$. The argument further develops the techniques introduced in the work of Á. Bényi, T. Oh and O. Pocovnicu on the cubic problem. The paper concludes with a condition for almost sure global well-posedness.
description: 21 pages
Parafermionic clock models and quantum resonance
Creators: name: Moran, Niall
name: Pellegrino, Domenico
name: Slingerland, Joost
name: Kells, Graham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the $\mathbb{Z}_{N}$ parafermionic clock-model generalisations of the p-wave Majorana wire model. In particular we examine whether zero-mode operators analogous to Majorana zero-modes can be found in these models when one introduces chiral parameters to break time reversal symmetry. The existence of such zero-modes implies $N$-fold degeneracies throughout the energy spectrum. We address the question directly through these degeneracies by characterising the entire energy spectrum using perturbation theory and exact diagonalisation. We find that when $N$ is prime, and the length $L$ of the wire is finite, the spectrum exhibits degeneracies up to a splitting that decays exponentially with system size, for generic values of the chiral parameters. However, at particular parameter values (resonance points), band crossings appear in the unperturbed spectrum that typically result in a splitting of the degeneracy at finite order. We find strong evidence that these preclude the existence of strong zero-modes for generic values of the chiral parameters. In particular we show that in the thermodynamic limit, the resonance points become dense in the chiral parameter space. When $N$ is not prime, the situation is qualitatively different, and degeneracies in the energy spectrum are split at finite order in perturbation theory for generic parameter values, even when the length of the wire $L$ is finite. Exceptions to these general findings can occur at special "anti-resonant" points. Here the evidence points to the existence of strong zero modes and, in the case of the achiral point of the the $N=4$ model, we are able to construct these modes exactly.
description: 20 pages, 16 figures
Cadveric Spasm
Creators: name: Alfleesy, Othman
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 170104 Forensic Psychology
subject: FOS: Other medical sciences

description: It was a murder case. The victim was killed by a gunshot. The inlet wound was located in his Right eye. The bullet trimmed and perforated his Right eyelid and eyeball. The soot blackened outer surface of the Right eyelid and the tattooing dispersed mainly on the right side of his face. It was a near shot. The medico legist conducted the post mortem examination and without further elaboration, he gave his opinion about the direct cause of death, which was obvious and easy in such cases. However, upon my reviewing these documented photos, I have noticed that the deceased was biting his lower lip centrally i.e. biting the lower lip with the upper central incisors which apparently was not noticed by the medicolegist during his first examination and autopsy.
title: MnHexP in Urinproben: Bewertung des gesundheitlichen Risikos: Stellungnahme Nr. 017/2024 des BfR vom 21. März 2024
Creators: name: Bundesinstitut Für Risikobewertung
Publisher: name: Bundesbehörden und Einrichtungen im Geschäftsbereich des Bundesministeriums für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft (BMEL)
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 000

description: BfR-Stellungnahmen, vol. 2024, no. 017
System level specification and verification using Concurrent State Machines and COSMA environment
Creators: name: Daszczuk, Wiktor B.
name: Mieścicki, Jerzy
name: Nowacki, Michał
name: Wytrębowicz, Jacek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: B.6.3
subject: 68M01

description: Traffic Light Controller, a typical benchmark device, is specified and verified using of a formal model called Concurrent State Machines (CSM) and the software environment COSMA 2.0, which supports the system level specification and analysis of concurrent, asynchronous and communicating units. The TLC itself is a system of three concurrent components (the controller and two timers). The paper introduces briefly the CSM model and illustrates how system components are specified, how the reachability graph of a system is obtained and how the requirements are formally verified. Finally, the hints for the generation of VHDL code for the TLC are given.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures
Primitive transformation shift registers over finite fields
Creators: name: Awasthi, Ambrish
name: Sharma, Rajendra K
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the problem of existence and enumeration of primitive TSRs of order n over any finite field. Here we prove the existence of primitive TSRs of order two over finite fields of characteristic two and establish an equivalence between primitive TSRs and primitive polynomials of special form. A conjecture regarding the existence of these special type of primitive polynomials is submitted by us along with some experimental verification. Further we have attempted to enumerate primitive TSRs of order two over finite fields of characteristic two. Finally we give a general search algorithm for primitive TSRs of odd order over any finite field and in particular of order two over fields of characteristic two.
description: 18 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1603.08722; text overlap with arXiv:1506.02548 by other authors
Azimuthal flow in hadron collisions from quark-gluon string repulsion
Creators: name: Altsybeev, Igor
name: Feofilov, Grigory
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Color flux tubes (quark-gluon strings), formed at early stages of hadron-hadron collisions, may overlap in case of sufficiently high densities and interact, producing long-range azimuthal correlations. In the hypothesis of repulsive interaction, each string may acquire, before the hadronization, the additional transverse boost, which is an efficient sum of all accounted string-string interactions. This modifies transverse momenta to the particles formed in string decay, leading to modification of event-wise observables, like azimuthal asymmetry of two-particle correlations, over a wide range of rapidity. In this article we discuss results of Monte Carlo model with string repulsion, where efficient string-string interaction radius is introduced. We show that the effect of string repulsion can be the main dynamic origin of the elliptic flow and of the higher harmonics, which are reflected in the complicated structures observed in two-particle long-range correlation topology in nucleus-nucleus collisions at RHIC and at LHC.
description: 9 pages, http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201612504011
Additional file 5 of Heteroexpression of Osa-miR319b improved switchgrass biomass yield and feedstock quality by repression of PvPCF5
Creators: name: Liu, Yanrong
name: Yan, Jianping
name: Wang, Kexin
name: Li, Dayong
name: Han, Yejun
name: Zhang, Wanjun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 5: Fig. S2. Typical photograph of Phloroglucinol-HCl staining assay of lignin content in the middle of the first internode of E3 stage cross-sections of WT and 5sr (a) and in the dry materials powder of stems (b).
Additional file 3 of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 stimulates the differentiation of rat stem and progenitor Leydig cells during regeneration
Creators: name: Zhan, Xiangcheng
name: Zhang, Jingwei
name: Li, Saiyang
name: Zhang, Xiaolu
name: Li, Linchao
name: Song, Tiantian
name: Liu, Qunlong
name: Lu, Jun
name: Xu, Yunfei
name: Ge, Ren-Shan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3: Supplementary Table S1. Primer information
A Case Study about Death by the Consumption of the Packaged Drugs Referred to Legal Medicine Center of Shiraz, Iran
Creators: name: Montazeri M
name: Najafi N
name: Azarpira N
name: Najafi Z
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 170104 Forensic Psychology
subject: FOS: Other medical sciences

description: Background: Drug abuse is a major health problem in Iran, particularly in youth and young adults. Opium body packer is a common cause of admission to our Medical Toxicology ward. Body packers are illicit drug smugglers, who mostly carry cocaine and heroin in their body, either by swallowing or inserting them into the rectum or vagina as sealed pellets or packages, across borders without being detected. These drugs are wrapped in the form of capsules, in condoms, balloons, plastic bags or fingers of latex gloves and placed in various anatomical cavities or body orifices. Case presentation: Case is a 33 years old male who was prisoned and had an addiction. Upon arrival in the ward, patient had lost consciousness, bradypnea, cyanosis, miosis pupil and unaware of his surroundings. We used activated charcoal to the removed opium and crystal from the colon. Conclusion: The case died because of a damaged packets and infiltration of contents into internal organs.
On inhomogeneous polynuclear growth
Creators: name: Johansson, Kurt
name: Rahman, Mustazee
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article studies the inhomogeneous geometric polynuclear growth model, the distribution of which is related to Schur functions. We explain a method to derive its distribution functions in both space-like and time-like directions, focusing on the two-time distribution. Asymptotics of the two-time distribution in the KPZ-scaling limit is then considered, extending to two times several single-time distributions in the KPZ universality class.
description: Final version. Minor corrections and some improved results
Additional file 7 of Heteroexpression of Osa-miR319b improved switchgrass biomass yield and feedstock quality by repression of PvPCF5
Creators: name: Liu, Yanrong
name: Yan, Jianping
name: Wang, Kexin
name: Li, Dayong
name: Han, Yejun
name: Zhang, Wanjun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 7: Table S4. The primers used for lignin synthesis related genes qRT-PCR tests.
Multi-Time Wave Functions
Creators: name: Lienert, Matthias
name: Petrat, Sören
name: Tumulka, Roderich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In non-relativistic quantum mechanics of $N$ particles in three spatial dimensions, the wave function $ψ(q_1,\ldots,q_N,t)$ is a function of $3N$ position coordinates and one time coordinate. It is an obvious idea that in a relativistic setting, such functions should be replaced by $ϕ((t_1,q_1),\ldots,(t_N,q_N))$, a function of $N$ space-time points called a multi-time wave function because it involves $N$ time variables. Its evolution is determined by $N$ Schrödinger equations, one for each time variable; to ensure that simultaneous solutions to these $N$ equations exist, the $N$ Hamiltonians need to satisfy a consistency condition. This condition is automatically satisfied for non-interacting particles, but it is not obvious how to set up consistent multi-time equations with interaction. For example, interaction potentials (such as the Coulomb potential) make the equations inconsistent, except in very special cases. However, there have been recent successes in setting up consistent multi-time equations involving interaction, in two ways: either involving zero-range ($δ$ potential) interaction or involving particle creation and annihilation. The latter equations provide a multi-time formulation of a quantum field theory. The wave function in these equations is a multi-time Fock function, i.e., a family of functions consisting of, for every $n=0,1,2,\ldots$, an $n$-particle wave function with $n$ time variables. These wave functions are related to the Tomonaga-Schwinger approach and to quantum field operators, but, as we point out, they have several advantages.
description: 21 pages LaTeX, 4 figures; written for the proceedings of the conference DICE2016 (Castiglioncello, Italy, 12-16 September 2016)
(2+1)-dimensional f(R) gravity solutions via Hojman symmetry
Creators: name: Darabi, F.
name: Golmohammadi, M.
name: Rezaei-Aghdam, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we use the Hojman symmetry approach to find new $(2+1)$-dimensional $f(R)$ gravity solutions, in comparison to Noether symmetry approach. In the special case of Hojman symmetry vector $X=R$, we recover $(2+1)$-dimensional BTZ black hole and generalized $(2+1)$-dimensional BTZ black hole solutions, obtained by Noether symmetry approach, and the interesting point is that the cosmological constant is appeared as the direct manifestation of Hojman symmetry.
description: 17 pages, minor revisions
The Future of Smallholder Farming in Malawi
Creators: name: Muyanga, Milu
name: Nyirenda, Zephania
name: Lifeyo, Yanjanani
name: Burke, William J.
name: Muyanga, Milu
name: Nyirenda, Zephania
name: Lifeyo, Yanjanani
name: Burke, William J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: The study characterizes smallholder farming in Malawi, projects the consequences of a ‘business as usual’ strategy and identifies promising government strategies to support smallholder livelihoods and contribute to wealth creation.
Utility Change Point Detection in Online Social Media: A Revealed Preference Framework
Creators: name: Aprem, Anup
name: Krishnamurthy, Vikram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper deals with change detection of utility maximization behaviour in online social media. Such changes occur due to the effect of marketing, advertising, or changes in ground truth. First, we use the revealed preference framework to detect the unknown time point (change point) at which the utility function changed. We derive necessary and sufficient conditions for detecting the change point. Second, in the presence of noisy measurements, we propose a method to detect the change point and construct a decision test. Also, an optimization criteria is provided to recover the linear perturbation coefficients. Finally, to reduce the computational cost, a dimensionality reduction algorithm using Johnson-Lindenstrauss transform is presented. The results developed are illustrated on two real datasets: Yahoo! Tech Buzz dataset and Youstatanalyzer dataset. By using the results developed in the paper, several useful insights can be gleaned from these data sets. First, the changes in ground truth affecting the utility of the agent can be detected by utility maximization behaviour in online search. Second, the recovered utility functions satisfy the single crossing property indicating strategic substitute behaviour in online search. Third, due to the large number of videos in YouTube, the utility maximization behaviour was verified through the dimensionality reduction algorithm. Finally, using the utility function recovered in the lower dimension, we devise an algorithm to predict total traffic in YouTube.
An alternative to the spin-coupled interface resistance for describing heat generation
Creators: name: Zhang, Xiao-Xue
name: Zhu, Yao-Hui
name: He, Pei-Song
name: Li, Bao-He
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a macroscopic approach, we studied theoretically the heat generation in a typical spin valve with nonmagnetic spacer layer of finite thickness. Our analysis shows that the spin-dependent heat generation cannot be interpreted as the Joule heating of the spin-coupled interface resistance except for some special segments. Moreover, the spin-coupled interface resistance can be negative in certain situation, and thus its "Joule heating" should be understood instead as the work done by the extra field in the ferromagnetic layers and at the spin-selective interfaces. Effective resistances are proposed as alternatives so that the spin-dependent heat generation can still be expressed in a form resembling Joule's law.
description: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1701.03984
The nature and origin of heavy tails in retweet activity
Creators: name: Mathews, Peter
name: Mitchell, Lewis
name: Nguyen, Giang T.
name: Bean, Nigel G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Modern social media platforms facilitate the rapid spread of information online. Modelling phenomena such as social contagion and information diffusion are contingent upon a detailed understanding of the information-sharing processes. In Twitter, an important aspect of this occurs with retweets, where users rebroadcast the tweets of other users. To improve our understanding of how these distributions arise, we analyse the distribution of retweet times. We show that a power law with exponential cutoff provides a better fit than the power laws previously suggested. We explain this fit through the burstiness of human behaviour and the priorities individuals place on different tasks.
description: To appear in MSM 2017: 8th International Workshop on Modelling Social Media: Machine Learning and AI for Modelling and Analysing Social Media, April 2017, Perth, Australia
title: Polyzyklische aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe in geräuchertem Paprikapulver: Stellungnahme Nr. 018/2024 des BfR vom 21. März 2024
Creators: name: Bundesinstitut Für Risikobewertung
Publisher: name: Bundesbehörden und Einrichtungen im Geschäftsbereich des Bundesministeriums für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft (BMEL)
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 000

description: BfR-Stellungnahmen, vol. 2024, no. 018
Quantifying the Chiral Magnetic Effect from Anomalous-Viscous Fluid Dynamics
Creators: name: Shi, Shuzhe
name: Jiang, Yin
name: Lilleskov, Elias
name: Yin, Yi
name: Liao, Jinfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this contribution we report a recently developed Anomalous-Viscous Fluid Dynamics (AVFD) framework, which simulates the evolution of fermion currents in QGP on top of the bulk expansion from data-validated VISHNU hydrodynamics. With reasonable estimates of initial conditions and magnetic field lifetime, the predicted CME signal is quantitatively consistent with change separation measurements in 200GeV Au-Au collisions at RHIC. We further develop the event-by-event AVFD simulations that allow direct evaluation of two-particle correlations arising from CME signal as well as the non-CME backgrounds. Finally we report predictions from AVFD simulations for the upcoming isobaric (Ru-Ru v.s. Zr-Zr ) collisions that could provide the critical test of the CME in heavy ion collisions.
description: Contribution to the Proceedings of the XXVIth International Conference on Ultrarelativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions (Quark Matter 2017), Feb 5-11, Chicago, U.S.A. 4 pages, 6 figures
Some remarks on log surfaces
Creators: name: Liu, Haidong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Fujino and Tanaka established the minimal model theory for $\mathbb Q$-factorial log surfaces in characteristic $0$ and $p$, respectively. We prove that every intermediate surface has only log terminal singularities if we run the minimal model program starting with a pair consisting of a smooth surface and a boundary $\mathbb R$-divisor. We further show that such a property does not hold if the initial surface is singular.
description: This version is the same as the first version without label in it
Localization landscape theory of disorder in semiconductors. III. Application to carrier transport and recombination in light emitting diodes
Creators: name: Li, Chi-Kang
name: Piccardo, Marco
name: Lu, Li-Shuo
name: Mayboroda, Svitlana
name: Martinelli, Lucio
name: Peretti, Jacques
name: Speck, James S.
name: Weisbuch, Claude
name: Filoche, Marcel
name: Wu, Yuh-Renn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper introduces a novel method to account for quantum disorder effects into the classical drift-diffusion model of semiconductor transport through the localization landscape theory. Quantum confinement and quantum tunneling in the disordered system change dramatically the energy barriers acting on the perpendicular transport of heterostructures. In addition they lead to percolative transport through paths of minimal energy in the 2D landscape of disordered energies of multiple 2D quantum wells. This model solves the carrier dynamics with quantum effects self-consistently and provides a computationally much faster solver when compared with the Schrödinger equation resolution. The theory also provides a good approximation to the density of states for the disordered system over the full range of energies required to account for transport at room-temperature. The current-voltage characteristics modeled by 3-D simulation of a full nitride-based light-emitting diode (LED) structure with compositional material fluctuations closely match the experimental behavior of high quality blue LEDs. The model allows also a fine analysis of the quantum effects involved in carrier transport through such complex heterostructures. Finally, details of carrier population and recombination in the different quantum wells are given.
description: 14 pages, 16 figures, 6 tables
First MeerKAT Observations of the Brightest M31-M33 HI Cloud in the Circumgalactic Medium of M31
Creators: name: Kummer, Kyra
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: In 2004, Braun and Thilker discovered a bridge of extremely faint, diffuse HI gas connecting the galaxies M31 and M33. Follow-up, higher resolution observations by Wolfe et al. (2013, 2016) with the Green Bank Telescope (GBT) revealed that the filament broke up into higher column density clouds, with a total of nine individual and discrete clouds of HI discovered in the region surveyed. The nature of these clouds remains an open question. Potential origins of the clouds are speculated to include, the products of galaxy interactions, dwarf galaxies, high velocity clouds, dark matter sub-halos, gas in planes of satellites, a dark matter filament, or condensations of the circumgalactic medium of M31. The previous observations lacked the spatial and spectral resolution to probe the internal structure of the clouds in order to probe their nature, effectively limiting our understanding of these objects. We present the first MeerKAT observations of the brightest cloud in the filament.  Our initial analysis has made it clear that the superior spatial and spectral resolution of the MeerKAT observations reveal that the cloud has a more complex small-scale internal kinematic structure than anticipated.  We will discuss how this HI cloud compares to those clouds seen around the Milky Way and the implications for its potential origins.
Symmetry witnesses
Creators: name: Aniello, Paolo
name: Chruscinski, Dariusz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A symmetry witness is a suitable subset of the space of selfadjoint trace class operators that allows one to determine whether a linear map is a symmetry transformation, in the sense of Wigner. More precisely, such a set is invariant with respect to an injective densely defined linear operator in the Banach space of selfadjoint trace class operators (if and) only if this operator is a symmetry transformation. According to a linear version of Wigner's theorem, the set of pure states, the rank-one projections, is a symmetry witness. We show that an analogous result holds for the set of projections with a fixed rank (with some mild constraint on this rank, in the finite-dimensional case). It turns out that this result provides a complete classification of the set of projections with a fixed rank that are symmetry witnesses. These particular symmetry witnesses are projectable; i.e., reasoning in terms of quantum states, the sets of uniform density operators of corresponding fixed rank are symmetry witnesses too.
description: 15 pages
Observations of rapid aerosol optical depth enhancements in the vicinity of polluted cumulus clouds
Creators: name: Eck, Thomas
name: Holben, B. N.
name: Reid, J. S.
name: Arola, A.
name: Berkoff, T. A.
name: Lolli, Simone
name: Wang, Y.
name: Et Al.
Publisher: name: EGU
Year: 2014

description: Authors: - T. F. Eck, B. N. Holben, J. S. Reid, A. Arola, R. A. Ferrare, C. A. Hostetler, S. N. Crumeyrolle, T. A. Berkoff, E. J. Welton, S. Lolli, A. Lyapustin, Y. Wang, J. S. Schafer, D. M. Giles, B. E. Anderson, K. L. Thornhill, P. Minnis, K. E. Pickering, C. P. Loughner, A. Smirnov, and A. Sinyuk
description: During the July 2011 Deriving Information on Surface conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER-AQ) field experiment in Maryland, significant enhancements in Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) sun–sky radiometer measured aerosol optical depth (AOD) were observed in the immediate vicinity of non-precipitating cumulus clouds on some days. Both measured Ångström exponents and aerosol size distribution retrievals made before, during and after cumulus development often suggest little change in fine mode particle size; therefore, implying possible new particle formation in addition to cloud processing and humidification of existing particles. In addition to sun–sky radiometer measurements of large enhancements of fine mode AOD, lidar measurements made from both ground-based and aircraft-based instruments during the experiment also measured large increases in aerosol signal at altitudes associated with the presence of fair weather cumulus clouds. These data show modifications of the aerosol vertical profile as a result of the aerosol enhancements at and below cloud altitudes. The airborne lidar data were utilized to estimate the spatial extent of these aerosol enhancements, finding increased AOD, backscatter and extinction out to 2.5 km distance from the cloud edge. Furthermore, in situ measurements made from aircraft vertical profiles over an AERONET site during the experiment also showed large increases in aerosol scattering and aerosol volume after cloud formation as compared to before. The 15-year AERONET database of AOD measurements at the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Maryland site, was investigated in order to obtain a climatological perspective of this phenomenon of AOD enhancement. Analysis of the diurnal cycle of AOD in summer showed significant increases in AOD from morning to late afternoon, corresponding to the diurnal cycle of cumulus development.
Towards an open-source landscape for 3D CSEM modelling
Creators: name: Werthmüller, Dieter
name: Rochlitz, Raphael
name: Castillo-Reyes, Octavio
name: Heagy, Lindsey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Large-scale modelling of three-dimensional controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) surveys used to be feasible only for large companies and research consortia. This has changed over the last few years, and today there exists a selection of different open-source codes available to everyone. Using four different codes in the Python ecosystem, we perform simulations for increasingly complex models in a shallow marine setting. We first verify the computed fields with semi-analytical solutions for a simple layered model. Then we validate the responses of a more complex block model by comparing results obtained from each code. Finally we compare the responses of a real world model with results from the industry. On the one hand, these validations show that the open-source codes are able to compute comparable CSEM responses for challenging, large-scale models. On the other hand, they show many general and method-dependent problems that need to be faced for obtaining accurate results. Our comparison includes finite-element and finite-volume codes using structured rectilinear and octree meshes as well as unstructured tetrahedral meshes. Accurate responses can be obtained independently of the chosen method and the chosen mesh type. The runtime and memory requirements vary greatly based on the choice of iterative or direct solvers. However, we have found that much more time was spent on designing the mesh and setting up the simulations than running the actual computation. The challenging task is, irrespective of the chosen code, to appropriately discretize the model. We provide three models, each with their corresponding discretization and responses of four codes, which can be used for validation of new and existing codes.
Additional file 4 of Heteroexpression of Osa-miR319b improved switchgrass biomass yield and feedstock quality by repression of PvPCF5
Creators: name: Liu, Yanrong
name: Yan, Jianping
name: Wang, Kexin
name: Li, Dayong
name: Han, Yejun
name: Zhang, Wanjun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 4: Table S2. Morphological characteristics of WT and 5sr plants.
Crop and weed classification based on AutoML
Creators: name: Jiang, Xuetao
name: Yong, Binbin
name: Garshasbi, Soheila
name: Shen, Jun
name: Jiang, Meiyu
name: Zhou, Qingguo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: CNN models already play an important role in classification of crop and weed with high accuracy, more than 95% as reported in literature. However, to manually choose and fine-tune the deep learning models becomes laborious and indispensable in most traditional practices and research. Moreover, the classic objective functions are not thoroughly compatible with agricultural farming tasks as the corresponding models suffer from misclassifying crop to weed, often more likely than in other deep learning application domains. In this paper, we applied autonomous machine learning with a new objective function for crop and weed classification, achieving higher accuracy and lower crop killing rate (rate of identifying a crop as a weed). The experimental results show that our method outperforms state-of-the-art applications, for example, ResNet and VGG19.