cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Market2Dish: Health-aware Food Recommendation
Creators: name: Wang, Wenjie
name: Duan, Ling-yu
name: Jiang, Hao
name: Jing, Peiguang
name: Song, Xuemeng
name: Nie, Liqiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With the rising incidence of some diseases, such as obesity and diabetes, a healthy diet is arousing increasing attention. However, most existing food-related research efforts focus on recipe retrieval, user preference-based food recommendation, cooking assistance, or the nutrition and calorie estimation of dishes, ignoring the personalized health-aware food recommendation. Therefore, in this work, we present a personalized health-aware food recommendation scheme, namely Market2Dish, mapping the ingredients displayed in the market to the healthy dishes eaten at home. The proposed scheme comprises three components, namely recipe retrieval, user-health profiling, and health-aware food recommendation. In particular, recipe retrieval aims to acquire the ingredients available to the users, and then retrieve recipe candidates from a large-scale recipe dataset. User health profiling is to characterize the health conditions of users by capturing the textual health-related information crawled from social networks. Specifically, to solve the issue that the health-related information is extremely sparse, we incorporate a word-class interaction mechanism into the proposed deep model to learn the fine-grained correlations between the textual tweets and pre-defined health concepts. For the health-aware food recommendation, we present a novel category-aware hierarchical memory network-based recommender to learn the health-aware user-recipe interactions for better food recommendation. Moreover, extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the health-aware food recommendation scheme.
Stability of Jahn Teller distortion in LaMnO3 under pressure: An x-ray absorption study
Creators: name: Ramos, Aline Y.
name: Tolentino, Hélio C. N.
name: Souza-Neto, Narcizo M.
name: Itié, Jean-Paul
name: Morales, Liliana
name: Caneiro, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The local environment of manganese atoms in LaMnO3 under pressure up to 15.3 GPa has been studied by x-ray absorption spectroscopy. For pressures below 8 GPa, no change is detected within the MnO6 octahedra. Above this pressure a continuous reduction of the long Mn-O distance takes place, however the octahedral distortion persists over the whole pressure range. At 15.3 GPa the average Jahn-Teller splitting of the distances is reduced by about one third, indicating that a total removal of the local Jahn-Teller distortion would occur only for pressures around 30 GPa, where metallization is reported to take place. A hysteresis in the long distance reduction is observed down to ambient pressure, suggesting the coexistence of MnO6 distorted and undistorted units.
description: Physical Review B 75 (2007) in press
Counting, grafting and evolving binary trees
Creators: name: Wiehe, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Binary trees are fundamental objects in models of evolutionary biology and population genetics. Here, we discuss some of their combinatorial and structural properties as they depend on the tree class considered. Furthermore, the process by which trees are generated determines the probability distribution in tree space. Yule trees, for instance, are generated by a pure birth process. When considered as unordered, they have neither a closed-form enumeration nor a simple probability distribution. But their ordered siblings have both. They present the object of choice when studying tree structure in the framework of evolving genealogies.
description: to appear in: Probabilistic Structures in Evolution, E.~Baake and A.~Wakolbinger (eds.), EMS Publishing House, Zurich
Next Generation Language Resources using GRID
Creators: name: Calzolari, Federico
name: Sassolini, Eva
name: Sassi, Manuela
name: Cucurullo, Sebastiana
name: Picchi, Eugenio
name: Bertagna, Francesca
name: Enea, Alessandro
name: Monachini, Monica
name: Soria, Claudia
name: Calzolari, Nicoletta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents a case study concerning the challenges and requirements posed by next generation language resources, realized as an overall model of open, distributed and collaborative language infrastructure. If a sort of "new paradigm" is required, we think that the emerging and still evolving technology connected to Grid computing is a very interesting and suitable one for a concrete realization of this vision. Given the current limitations of Grid computing, it is very important to test the new environment on basic language analysis tools, in order to get the feeling of what are the potentialities and possible limitations connected to its use in NLP. For this reason, we have done some experiments on a module of Linguistic Miner, i.e. the extraction of linguistic patterns from restricted domain corpora.
description: 4 pages
Contributions from autobiographical memory to lexical representation
Creators: name: McKinnon, Audrey Alison
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The purpose of this study was to investigate the nature of the interaction between autobiographical memory and lexical representation in semantic memory. To evaluate whether improved lexical access could be due to a reduction of cognitive load, the effects of discourse type on lexical specificity were also examined. The data were obtained from conversations with a subject diagnosed with probable Alzheimer's disease. Measures of informativeness using the Correct Information Unit analysis (Nicholas & Brookshire, 1993) and lexical specificity using a noun specificity analysis, noun classification analysis and unique adjective analysis were used to analyze texts representing recent and remote, personal and public memories, and across discourse types (a procedure, a fairytale, events, descriptions). The results showed that the personal memory texts had the greatest informativeness and lexical specificity across memory types. The remote-recent memory distinction varied, but the remote memories generally led to better lexical specificity than the recent ones. Finally, discourse type did not have an effect on lexical specificity, but did not have an effect on informativeness. The conclusion was that there are connections between semantic memory and autobiographical that lead to improved access and to use of lexically specific words.
Magnetic properties of superconducting cobalt oxides NaxCoO2.yH2O
Creators: name: Kobayashi, Yoshiaki
name: Moyoshi, Taketo
name: Watanabe, Hidekazu
name: Yokoi, Mai
name: Sato, Masatoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Studies of the NMR Knight shift K of Na0.3CoO2.yH2O have been carried out in detail. The suppression of K by the occurrence of the superconductivity reported previously by the present authors in both magnetic field directions perpendicular and parallel to the c axis has been confirmed, indicating that the Cooper pairs are in the singlet state. The anisotropy of the suppression amplitudes is consistent with the anisotropy of the hyperfine coupling constant Aspin estimated by the K-kai plot. It has also been found that even samples, which do not exhibit a significant amount of the Curie-Weiss-like increase of the uniform magnetic susceptibility kai with decreasing temperature T, exhibit the superconducting transition, which indicates that the superconducting Na0.3CoO2.1.3H2O is not necessarily be in the proximity region of the ferromagnetic phase. It has also been confirmed that the superconducting transition temperature Tc of the samples prepared by mixing Na0.7CoO2, H2O (or D2O) and bromine for 4 h, and separating the resultant powder from the solution by filtration, depends on the elapsed time t after filtration. For these samples, the Curie constant of kai estimated at low temperatures increases with t, supporting the idea that the number of the lattice imperfection possibly due to the oxygen-vacancy-formation increases with t. Even for such samples, the superconductivity appears, which seems to exclude the possibility of the anisotropic superconducting order parameter. These results are favorable for the full-gapped superconductivity.
description: 5 pages, 8 figures, submitted to JPSJ
Additional file 1 of The cost of care for children hospitalised with Invasive Group A Streptococcal Disease in Australia
Creators: name: Brusco, Natasha K.
name: Oliver, Jane
name: McMinn, Alissa
name: Steer, Andrew
name: Crawford, Nigel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Medicine
Neuroscience
Biotechnology
Marine Biology
Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
Differential Galois obstructions for non-commutative integrability
Creators: name: Maciejewski, Andrzej J.
name: Przybylska, Maria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that if a holomorphic Hamiltonian system is holomorphically integrable in the non-commutative sense in a neighbourhood of a non-equilibrium phase curve which is located at a regular level of the first integrals, then the identity component of the differential Galois group of the variational equations along the phase curve is Abelian. Thus necessary conditions for the commutative and non-commutative integrability given by the differential Galois approach are the same.
description: submitted to Journal of Geometry and Physics
A Methodology to Derive Global Maps of Leaf Traits Using Remote Sensing and Climate Data
Creators: name: Moreno-Martinez, Alvaro
name: Camps-Valls, Gustau
name: Kattge, Jens
name: Robinson, Nathaniel
name: Reichstein, Markus
name: van Bodegom, Peter
name: Kramer, Koen
name: Cornelissen, J. Hans C.
name: Reich, Peter
name: Bahn, Michael
name: Niinemets, Ulo
name: Peñuelas, Josep
name: Craine, Joseph
name: Cerabolini, Bruno E. L.
name: Minden, Vanessa
name: Laughlin, Daniel C.
name: Sack, Lawren
name: Allred, Brady
name: Baraloto, Christopher
name: Byun, Chaeho
name: Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A.
name: Running, Steven W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper introduces a modular processing chain to derive global high-resolution maps of leaf traits. In particular, we present global maps at 500 m resolution of specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen and phosphorus content per dry mass, and leaf nitrogen/phosphorus ratio. The processing chain exploits machine learning techniques along with optical remote sensing data (MODIS/Landsat) and climate data for gap filling and up-scaling of in-situ measured leaf traits. The chain first uses random forests regression with surrogates to fill gaps in the database ($> 45 \% $ of missing entries) and maximize the global representativeness of the trait dataset. Along with the estimated global maps of leaf traits, we provide associated uncertainty estimates derived from the regression models. The process chain is modular, and can easily accommodate new traits, data streams (traits databases and remote sensing data), and methods. The machine learning techniques applied allow attribution of information gain to data input and thus provide the opportunity to understand trait-environment relationships at the plant and ecosystem scales.
A Static Analyzer for Large Safety-Critical Software
Creators: name: Blanchet, Bruno
name: Cousot, Patrick
name: Cousot, Radhia
name: Feret, Jerôme
name: Mauborgne, Laurent
name: Miné, Antoine
name: Monniaux, David
name: Rival, Xavier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.2.4; D.3.1; F.3.1; F.3.2

description: We show that abstract interpretation-based static program analysis can be made efficient and precise enough to formally verify a class of properties for a family of large programs with few or no false alarms. This is achieved by refinement of a general purpose static analyzer and later adaptation to particular programs of the family by the end-user through parametrization. This is applied to the proof of soundness of data manipulation operations at the machine level for periodic synchronous safety critical embedded software. The main novelties are the design principle of static analyzers by refinement and adaptation through parametrization, the symbolic manipulation of expressions to improve the precision of abstract transfer functions, the octagon, ellipsoid, and decision tree abstract domains, all with sound handling of rounding errors in floating point computations, widening strategies (with thresholds, delayed) and the automatic determination of the parameters (parametrized packing).
Non-adiabatic electron dynamics in time-dependent density-functional theory
Creators: name: Ullrich, C. A.
name: Tokatly, I. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Time-dependent density-functional theory (TDDFT) treats dynamical exchange and correlation (xc) via a single-particle potential, Vxc(r,t), defined as a nonlocal functional of the density n(r',t'). The popular adiabatic local-density approximation (ALDA) for Vxc(r,t) uses only densities at the same space-time point (r,t). To go beyond the ALDA, two local approximations have been proposed based on quantum hydrodynamics and elasticity theory: (a) using the current as basic variable (C-TDDFT) [G. Vignale, C. A. Ullrich, and S. Conti, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4878 (1997)], (b) working in a co-moving Lagrangian reference frame (L-TDDFT) [I. V. Tokatly, Phys. Rev. B 71, 165105 (2005)]. This paper illustrates, compares, and analyzes both non-adiabatic theories for simple time-dependent model densities in the linear and nonlinear regime, for a broad range of time and frequency scales. C- and L-TDDFT are identical in certain limits, but in general exhibit qualitative and quantitative differences in their respective treatment of elastic and dissipative electron dynamics. In situations where the electronic density rapidly undergoes large deformations, it is found that non-adiabatic effects can become significant, causing the ALDA to break down.
description: 15 pages, 15 figures
Blanco DECam Bulge Survey (BDBS) III: A new view of the double red clump in the Milky Way bulge through luminosity and color distribution
Creators: name: Lim, Dongwook
name: Koch-Hansen, Andreas J.
name: Chung, Chul
name: Johnson, Christian I.
name: Kunder, Andrea
name: Simion, Iulia T.
name: Rich, R. Michael
name: Clarkson, William I.
name: Pilachowski, Catherine A.
name: Michael, Scott
name: Vivas, A. Katherina
name: Young, Michael D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Red clump (RC) stars are one of the best stellar tracers of the structure of the Milky Way (MW) bulge. Here we report a new view of the double RC through luminosity and color distributions of RC stars in nine bulge fields ($l$ = 0.0$^{\circ}$, $\pm$4.5$^{\circ}$; $b$ = -6.0$^{\circ}$, -7.5$^{\circ}$, -9.0$^{\circ}$) from the Blanco DECam Bulge Survey (BDBS), which covers near-ultraviolet to near-infrared bandpasses. The bright and faint RCs show contrasting distributions in ($u-g$)$_{0}$ and ($u-i$)$_{0}$ colors but similar distributions in ($J-K_{s}$)$_{0}$ with a variation depending on the Galactic longitude, where the bright RC is typically redder than the faint RC. In particular, the RC stars are clearly divided into the bluer and redder populations when using the ($u-g$)$_{0}$ color (($u-g$)$_{0}$ $
description: 15 pages, 17 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Finding Acceptable Parameter Regions of Stochastic Hill functions for Multisite Phosphorylation Mechanism
Creators: name: Chen, Minghan
name: Ahmadian, Mansooreh
name: Watson, Layne
name: Cao, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Multisite phosphorylation plays an important role in regulating switchlike protein activity and has been used widely in mathematical models. With the development of new experimental techniques and more molecular data, molecular phosphorylation processes emerge in many systems with increasing complexity and sizes. These developments call for simple yet valid stochastic models to describe various multisite phosphorylation processes, especially in large and complex biochemical networks. To reduce model complexity, this work aims to simplify the multisite phosphorylation mechanism by a stochastic Hill function model. Further, this work optimizes regions of parameter space to match simulation results from the stochastic Hill function with the distributive multisite phosphorylation process. While traditional parameter optimization methods have been focusing on finding the best parameter vector, in most circumstances modelers would like to find a set of parameter vectors that generate similar system dynamics and results. This paper proposes a general $α$-$β$-$γ$ rule to return an acceptable parameter region of the stochastic Hill function based on a quasi-Newton stochastic optimization (QNSTOP) algorithm. Different objective functions are investigated characterizing different features of the simulation-based empirical data, among which the approximate maximum log-likelihood method is recommended for general applications. Numerical results demonstrate that with an appropriate parameter vector value, the stochastic Hill function model depicts the multisite phosphorylation process well except the initial (transient) period.
Mechanistic Modelling of Chromatin Folding to Understand Function
Creators: name: Brackley, Chris A.
name: Marenduzzo, Davide
name: Gilbert, Nick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Experimental approaches have been applied to address questions in understanding three-dimensional chromatin organisation and function. As datasets increase in size and complexity, it becomes a challenge to reach a mechanistic interpretation of experimental results. Polymer simulations and mechanistic modelling have been applied to explain experimental observations, and the links to different aspects of genome function. Here, we provide a guide for biologists, explaining different simulation approaches and the contexts in which they have been used.
description: 25 pages, 3 figures
Incidence of Quantum Confinement on Dark Triplet Excitons in Carbon Nanotubes
Creators: name: Palotas, J.
name: Negyedi, M.
name: Kollarics, S.
name: Bojtor, A.
name: Rohringer, P.
name: Pichler, Th.
name: Simon, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photophysics of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is intensively studied due to their potential application in light harvesting and optoelectronics. Excited states of SWCNTs form strongly bound electron-hole pairs, excitons, of which only singlet excitons participate in application relevant optical transitions. Long-living spin-triplet states hinder applications but they emerge as candidates for quantum information storage. Therefore knowledge of the triplet exciton energy structure, in particular in a SWCNT chirality dependent manner, is greatly desired. We report the observation of light emission from triplet state recombination, i.e. phosphorescence, for several SWCNT chiralities using a purpose-built spectrometer. This yields the singlet-triplet gap as a function of SWCNT diameter and it follows predictions based on quantum confinement effects. Saturation under high microwave power (up to 10 W) irradiation allows to determine the spin-relaxation time for triplet states. Our study sensitively discriminates whether the lowest optically active state is populated from an excited state on the same nanotube or through Förster exciton energy transfer from a neighboring nanotube.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
Magnetically powered metachronal waves induce locomotion in self-assemblies
Creators: name: Collard, Ylona
name: Grosjean, Galien
name: Vandewalle, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When tiny soft ferromagnetic particles are placed along a liquid interface and exposed to a vertical magnetic field, the balance between capillary attraction and magnetic repulsion leads to self-organization into well-defined patterns. Here, we demonstrate experimentally that precessing magnetic fields induce metachronal waves on the periphery of these assemblies, similar to the ones observed in ciliates and some arthropods. The outermost layer of particles behaves like an array of cilia or legs whose sequential movement causes a net and controllable locomotion. This bioinspired many-particle swimming strategy is effective even at low Reynolds number, using only spatially uniform fields to generate the waves.
Translating solitons of mean curvature flow of noncompact spacelike hypersurfaces in Minkowski space
Creators: name: Jian, Huaiyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we study the existence, uniqueness and asymptotic behavior of rotationally symmetric translating solitons of the mean curvature flow in Minkowski space. We also study the asymptotic behavior and the strict convexity of general solitons of such flows.
description: 16pages
Precursors to non-invasive clinical dengue screening: Multivariate signature analysis of in-vivo diffuse skin reflectance spectroscopy on febrile patients in Malaysia
Creators: name: Poh, Abdul Halim
name: Adikan, Faisal Rafiq Mahamd
name: Moghavvemi, M
name: Faridah Syed Omar,Khadijah Poh,Mohamad Badrol Hisyam Mahyuddin,Grace Yan,Mohammad Aizuddin Azizah Ariffin,Sulaiman Wadi Harun, Sharifah
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 400901
subject: Analog electronics and interfaces
classificationCode: 400905
subject: Electronic instrumentation
classificationCode: 400904
subject: Electronic device and system performance evaluation, testing and simulation
classificationCode: 400906
subject: Electronic sensors
classificationCode: 400913
subject: Radio frequency engineering
classificationCode: 400908
subject: Microelectronics
classificationCode: 400907
subject: Industrial electronics
classificationCode: 420309
subject: Health management
classificationCode: 420399
subject: Health services and systems not elsewhere classified

description: Dengue diagnostics have come a long way. Attempts at breaking away from lab-oriented dengue detection, such as NS1 antigen, IgM or IgG antibodies detection have extensively received numerous coverage. As a result, rapid detection tests (RDTs) have started to gain inroads in medical practice. Rapid detection tests notwithstanding, analysis of blood serum is still a relatively complicated task. This includes the necessity of phlebotomy, centrifugation for blood serum, and other reagent-based tests. Therefore, a non-invasive method of dengue detection was considered. In this study, we present the utility of diffuse reflectance skin spectroscopy (bandwidth of 200-2500nm) on the forearm during the triaging period for dengue screening potential. This is performed with multivariate analysis of 240 triaged febrile/suspected dengue patients. The data is then scrutinized for its clinical validity to be included as either confirmed or probable dengue, or a control group. Based on discriminant analysis of several data normalization models, we can predict the patients’ clinical dengue-positivity at ranges of accuracy between ~93–98% depending on mode of the data, with a probably optimal sensitivity and specificity to the clinical diagnosis of ~89% and ~100% respectively. From the outcomes of this study, we recommend further trials with cautious optimism. With these findings, it is hoped that the elusive non-invasive detection of tropical diseases may gain platform in the near future.
Additional file 1 of Dynamic planar scintigraphy for the rapid kinetic measurement of myocardial 123I-MIBG turnover can identify Lewy body disease
Creators: name: Kumakura, Yoshitaka
name: Shimizu, Yuji
name: Hariu, Masatsugu
name: Ichikawa, Ken-ichi
name: Yoshida, Norihito
name: Suzuki, Masato
name: Oji, Satoru
name: Narukawa, Shinya
name: Yoshimasu, Haruo
name: Nomura, Kyoichi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary Figure 1. The mTACs and hTACs obtained from the two representative patients from Figure 1. Supplementary Figure 2. The plasma input functions (PIFs) and tissue TACs (tTACs) obtained from the two representative patients from Figure 1. APPENDIX.
title: Decaying beauty? : image(s) of the European Union in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan
Creators: name: Arynov, Zhanibek
Publisher: name: University of St Andrews
Year: 2019

description: This thesis comparatively examines perceived images of the European Union (EU) in two countries of Central Asia (CA): Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. The study departs from the point that the literature on Central Asian geopolitics, as well as on EU-CA relations in particular has paid little attention to the role that the Central Asians play in international interactions in the region. Taking a constructivist approach as an umbrella framework, the thesis argues that how Central Asians perceive the EU is an integral part of its identity and its roles in the region, as well as of the outcome of its policy. Therefore, examining the Central Asian perspective to the EU and EU-CA relations should be an equally important aspect of scholarly attention. Having justified the importance of studying perceived images, the thesis goes on to draw from Image Studies to conceptualize the notion of ‘image’. It claims that the image is a complex phenomenon consisting of various internal components, but the core of image in International Relations is constituted by two components: (1) perceptions of the Other’s power/capability and (2) perceptions of whether the Other poses a threat or represents an opportunity. The empirical analysis of the thesis develops around these two aspects. The objective of the thesis, however, is not just to reveal what the perceptions are, but also to answer how these perceptions come into being by identifying the factors influencing perceptions. Finally, as images are relative notions and become fully meaningful only through comparison, this thesis also analyzes self-images of the EU and reflects on to what extent the EU’s perceived images contrast to its self-images. The thesis concludes by arguing that in many respects, the EU is perceived positively in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. However, this positivity is being slowly diminished as a result of an increasing image of ‘Decaying Europe’.
The dynamics of local magnetic moments induced by itinerant Weyl electrons
Creators: name: Nikolić, Predrag
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the effective interactions between local magnetic moments which are mediated by Weyl electrons in magnetic topological semimetals. The resulting spin dynamics is governed by the induced Heisenberg, Kitaev and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interactions with extended range and oscillatory dependence on the distance between the spins. These interactions are realized in multiple competing channels shaped by the multitude of Weyl nodes in the electron spectrum. Microscopic spins need to be spatially modulated with a channel-dependent wavevector in order to take advantage of the interactions. The DM vector is parallel to the displacement between the two interacting spins, and requires the presence of Weyl electron Fermi surfaces. We also derive the Weyl-induced chiral three-spin interaction in the presence of an external magnetic field. This interaction has an extended range as well, and acts upon the spatially modulated spins in various channels. Its tendency is to produce a skyrmion lattice or a chiral spin liquid which exhibits topological Hall effect. Ultimately, the theory developed here addresses magnetic dynamics in relativistic metals even when chiral magnetism is microscopically precluded. We discuss insights into the ordered state of the magnetic Weyl semimetal NdAlSi.
description: 16 pages, 2 figures
Intrinsic motivation in virtual assistant interaction for fostering spontaneous interactions
Creators: name: Li, Chang
name: Yanagisawa, Hideyoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With the growing utility of today's conversational virtual assistants, the importance of user motivation in human-AI interaction is becoming more obvious. However, previous studies in this and related fields, such as human-computer interaction and human-robot interaction, scarcely discussed intrinsic motivation and its affecting factors. Those studies either treated motivation as an inseparable concept or focused on non-intrinsic motivation. The current study aims to cover intrinsic motivation by taking an affective-engineering approach. A novel motivation model is proposed, in which intrinsic motivation is affected by two factors that derive from user interactions with virtual assistants: expectation of capability and uncertainty. Experiments are conducted where these two factors are manipulated by making participants believe they are interacting with the smart speaker "Amazon Echo". Intrinsic motivation is measured both by using questionnaires and by covertly monitoring a five-minute free-choice period in the experimenter's absence, during which the participants could decide for themselves whether to interact with the virtual assistants. Results of the first experiment showed that high expectation engenders more intrinsically motivated interaction compared with low expectation. The results also suggested suppressive effects by uncertainty on intrinsic motivation, though we had not hypothesized before experiments. We then revised our hypothetical model of action selection accordingly and conducted a verification experiment of uncertainty's effects. Results of the verification experiment showed that reducing uncertainty encourages more interactions and causes the motivation behind these interactions to shift from non-intrinsic to intrinsic.
Effects of domain walls in bilayer graphene in an external magnetic field
Creators: name: Bassler, N. S.
name: Schmidt, K. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate bilayer graphene systems with layer switching domain walls separating the two energetically equivalent Bernal stackings in the presence of an external magnetic field. To this end we calculate quantum transport and local densities of three microscopic models for a single domain wall: a hard wall, a defect due to shear, and a defect due to tension. The quantum transport calculations are performed with a recursive Green's function method. Technically, we discuss an explicit algorithm for the separation of a system into subsystems for the recursion and we present an optimization of the well known iteration scheme for lead self-energies for sparse chain couplings. We find strong physical differences for the three different types of domain walls in the integer quantum Hall regime. For a domain wall due to shearing of the upper graphene layer there is a plateau formation in the magnetoconductance for sufficiently wide defect regions. For wide domain walls due to tension in the upper graphene layer there is only an approximate plateau formation with fluctuations of the order of the elementary conuctance quantum $σ_0$. A direct transition between stacking regions like for the hard wall domain wall shows no plateau formation and is therefore not a good model for either of the previously mentioned extended domain walls.
description: 17 pages, 20 figures
The localization sequence for the algebraic K-theory of topological K-theory
Creators: name: Blumberg, Andrew J.
name: Mandell, Michael A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 19D99, 19L99, 55P43

description: We prove a conjecture of Rognes by establishing a localization cofiber sequence of spectra, K(Z) to K(ku) to K(KU) to Sigma K(Z), for the algebraic K-theory of topological K-theory. We deduce the existence of this sequence as a consequence of a devissage theorem identifying the K-theory of the Waldhausen category of Postnikov towers of modules over a connective A-infinity ring spectrum R with the Quillen K-theory of the abelian category of finitely generated pi_0(R)-modules.
description: Updated final version. Small change in definition of S' construction and correction to the proof of 2.9
On some properties of Exotic Baryons in Quasi particle diquark model
Creators: name: Bhattacharya, A.
name: Chakrabarti, B.
name: Mani, S.
name: Banerjee, S. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The properties of the Theta^{+} and Xi^{--}_{3/2} exotic baryons have been investigated in the framework of diquark- diquark-antiquark system. A model for diquark suggested in an analogy with the quasi-particle in a crystal lattice has been used. The mass of the exotics have been computed. The Decay width of the Theta^{+} has been estimated to be ~ 11 MeV using effective diquark theory. The radius of the Xi^{--}_{3/2} has been extracted as 0.94fm using the experimental value of the frac{Γ_{Θ^{+}}}{Γ_{Ξ^{--}_{3/2}}}. The results obtained are found to be in good agreement with the present experimental and theoretical suggestions.
description: 8 pages
Leibniz algebra deformations of a Lie algebra
Creators: name: Fialowski, Alice
name: Mandal, Ashis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13D10, 14D15, 13D03

description: In this note we compute Leibniz algebra deformations of the 3-dimensional nilpotent Lie algebra $\mathfrak{n}_3$ and compare it with its Lie deformations. It turns out that there are 3 extra Leibniz deformations. We also describe the versal Leibniz deformation of $\mathfrak{n}_3$ with the versal base.
description: 15 pages
Stochastic Potential Switching Algorithm for Monte Carlo Simulations of Complex Systems
Creators: name: Mak, C. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper describes a new Monte Carlo method based on a novel stochastic potential switching algorithm. This algorithm enables the equilibrium properties of a system with potential $V$ to be computed using a Monte Carlo simulation for a system with a possibly less complex stochastically altered potential $\tilde V$. By proper choices of the stochastic switching and transition probabilities, it is shown that detailed balance can be strictly maintained with respect to the original potential $V$. The validity of the method is illustrated with a simple one-dimensional example. The method is then generalized to multidimensional systems with any additive potential, providing a framework for the design of more efficient algorithms to simulate complex systems. A near-critical Lennard-Jones fluid with more than 20000 particles is used to illustrate the method. The new algorithm produced a much smaller dynamic scaling exponent compared to the Metropolis method and improved sampling efficiency by over an order of magnitude.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Gaia Early Data Release 3. Building the Gaia DR3 source list -- Cross-match of Gaia observations
Creators: name: Torra, F.
name: Castañeda, J.
name: Fabricius, C.
name: Lindegren, L.
name: Clotet, M.
name: González-Vidal, J. J.
name: Bartolomé, S.
name: Bastian, U.
name: Bernet, M.
name: Biermann, M.
name: Garralda, N.
name: Gúrpide, A.
name: Lammers, U.
name: Portell, J.
name: Torra, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Gaia Early Data Release 3 (Gaia EDR3) contains results derived from 78 billion individual field-of-view transits of 2.5 billion sources collected by the European Space Agency's Gaia mission during its first 34 months of continuous scanning of the sky. We describe the input data, which have the form of onboard detections, and the modeling and processing that is involved in cross-matching these detections to sources. For the cross-match, we formed clusters of detections that were all linked to the same physical light source on the sky. As a first step, onboard detections that were deemed spurious were discarded. The remaining detections were then preliminarily associated with one or more sources in the existing source list in an observation-to-source match. All candidate matches that directly or indirectly were associated with the same source form a match candidate group. The detections from the same group were then subject to a cluster analysis. Each cluster was assigned a source identifier that normally was the same as the identifiers from Gaia DR2. Because the number of individual detections is very high, we also describe the efficient organising of the processing. We present results and statistics for the final cross-match with particular emphasis on the more complicated cases that are relevant for the users of the Gaia catalogue. We describe the improvements over the earlier Gaia data releases, in particular for stars of high proper motion, for the brightest sources, for variable sources, and for close source pairs.
description: 19 pages, 18 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Continuity of the four-point function of massive $ϕ_4^4$-theory above threshold
Creators: name: Kopper, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we prove that the four-point function of massive $\vp_4^4$-theory is continuous as a function of its independent external momenta when posing the renormalization condition for the (physical) mass on-shell. The proof is based on integral representations derived inductively from the perturbative flow equations of the renormalization group. It closes a longstanding loophole in rigorous renormalization theory in so far as it shows the feasibility of a physical definition of the renormalized coupling.
description: 23 pages; to appear in Rev. Math. Physics few corrections, two explanatory paragraphs added
Strong evidence of $ρ(1250)$ from a unitary multichannel reanalysis of elastic scattering data with crossing-symmetry constraints
Creators: name: Hammoud, N.
name: Kamiński, R.
name: Nazari, V.
name: Rupp, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An analysis is presented of elastic $P$-wave $ππ$ phase shifts and inelasticities up to 2 GeV, aimed at identifying the corresponding $J^{PC}=1^{--}$ excited $ρ$ resonances and focusing on the $ρ(1250)$ vs. $ρ(1450)$ controversy. The approach employs an improved parametrization in terms of a manifestly unitary and analytic three-channel $S$-matrix with its complex-energy pole positions. The included channels are $ππ$, $\rho2π$, and $ρρ$, the latter two being effective in the sense that they mimic several experimentally observed decay modes with nearby thresholds. In an alternative fit, the $\rho2π$ mode is replaced by $ωπ$, which is also an experimentally relevant channel. The improvement with respect to prior work amounts to the enforcement of maximum crossing symmetry through once-subtracted dispersion relations called GKPY equations. A separate analysis concerns the pion electromagnetic form factor, which again demonstrates the enormous importance of guaranteeing unitarity and analyticity when dealing with very broad and highly inelastic resonances. In the case of $ρ(1250)$ vs. $ρ(1450)$, the failure to do so is shown to give rise to an error in the predicted mass of about 170 MeV. A clear picture emerges from these analyses, identifying five vector $ρ$ states below 2 GeV, viz. $ρ(770)$, $ρ(1250)$, $ρ(1450)$, $ρ(1600)$, and $ρ(1800)$, with $ρ(1250)$ being indisputably the most important excited $ρ$ resonance. The stability of the fits as well as the imposition of unitarity, analyticity, and approximate crossing symmetry in the analyses lend very strong support to these assignments. The possibly far-reaching consequences for meson spectroscopy are discussed.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures (8 plots), 4 tables, RevTex4; paper accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D as a regular article
Additional file 1 of Causal role of high body mass index in multiple chronic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of Mendelian randomization studies
Creators: name: Larsson, Susanna C.
name: Burgess, Stephen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Tables S1-S2. Table S1 – Study quality assessment. Table S2 – Mendelian randomization studies included in the meta-analyses of genetically predicted body mass index in relation to diabetes mellitus, diseases of the circulatory, respiratory, digestive, musculoskeletal, and nervous systems, and neoplasms.
Avalanche risk in Iceland
Creators: name: Keylock, Christopher James
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: In this thesis I present a probabilistic approach to modelling avalanche risk for settlements in Iceland. In particular, two simulation models are developed. These are used to calculate the probability of avalanches travelling a certain distance, and of the flow being a specific width. These two simulation models, in combination with knowledge of the average frequency of avalanche occurrence, permit the calculation of the probability of encountering an avalanche at any point in the terrain (the encounter probability). This may be further combined with knowledge of the proportion of time the location is occupied (the exposure), and the proportion of damage that the avalanche causes (vulnerability) to derive a value for risk. Following their development, the simulation models are validated against the records of avalanching in Iceland and are found to be able to represent the conditions upon many of the avalanche paths satisfactorily. However, it would appear that the models are best applied to those paths in the West Fjords which have a relatively high frequency of avalanching. Paths where the nature of avalanching cannot be adequately represented by the simulation models are identified. A sensitivity analysis shows that both models are fairly robust, being most sensitive to the avalanche sizes for which the data are of the highest quality. Consequently, it would appear that the error introduced from attempting to represent those sizes for which little or no data are available, is minimal. I conclude by providing some example risk simulations for paths in the West Fjords. It is to be hoped that the model outlined in this thesis provides a useful planning tool in Iceland.
On this side of the compositing hut. Narrativity and compositional process in the fifth movement of Mahler’s Tenth Symphony
Creators: name: Pinto, Angelo
Publisher: name: De Musica
Year: 2019

description: In what way Mahler’s music, in its compositional process, can be regarded as a novel, both from a structural and hermeneutic point of view? Ever since Theodor W. Adorno published Mahler. Eine Musikalische Physiognomik (‘Mahler. A Musical Physiognomy’ 1960), it has been commonplace to discuss the music of Gustav Mahler in narratological terms: that is, to search his music for structural analogies with narrative using the approaches of ‘musical narratology’. However, writings of this field do not give enough attention on the authorial dimension of how composer constructs his musical ‘novel’ through the compositional process given that they are focused only on the work’s final version. In the analytic pathway displayed in this article, I suggest that in the extant sketches and draft of the fifth movement of the unfinished Mahler’s Tenth Symphony are detectable markers of a narrative strategy I call ‘narrativisation’ and that they become essential attributes of the hermeneutics of the movement. As a result, my analytic pathway suggests that the composer by his narrativising compositional process wanted to represent in the movement a process of writing, in a meta-referential play between an ‘inside’ and an ‘outside’ of what I define ‘his mental composing hut’
description: De Musica, 2019: XXXIII (1)
Primordial nucleosynthesis constraints on high-z energy releases
Creators: name: De Zotti, Gianfranco
name: Bonato, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The cosmic microwave background (CMB) spectrum provides tight constraints on the thermal history of the universe up to $z \sim 2\times 10^6$. At higher redshifts thermalization processes become very efficient so that even large energy releases do not leave visible imprints in the CMB spectrum. In this paper we show that the consistency between the accurate determinations of the specific entropy at primordial nucleosynthesis and at the electron-photon decoupling implies that no more than 7.8% of the present day CMB energy density could have been released in the post-nucleosynthesis era. As pointed out by previous studies, primordial nucleosynthesis complements model independent constraints provided by the CMB spectrum, extending them by two orders of magnitude in redshift.
description: 3 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication in MNRAS