cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
An efficient magic state approach to small angle rotations
Creators: name: Campbell, Earl T.
name: O'Gorman, Joe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Standard error correction techniques only provide a quantum memory and need extra gadgets to perform computation. Central to quantum algorithms are small angle rotations, which can be fault-tolerantly implemented given a supply of an unconventional species of magic state. We present a low-cost distillation routine for preparing these small angle magic states. Our protocol builds on the work of Duclos-Cianci and Poulin [Phys. Rev. A, 91, 042315 (2015)] by compressing their circuit. Additionally, we present a method of diluting magic states that reduces costs associated with very small angle rotations. We quantify performance by the expected number of noisy magic states consumed per rotation, and compare with other protocols. For modest size angles, our protocols offer a factor 24 improvement over the best known gate synthesis protocols and a factor 2 over the Duclos-Cianci and Poulin protocol. For very small angle rotations, the dilution protocol dramatically reduces costs, giving several orders magnitude improvement over competitors. There also exists an intermediary regime of small, but not very small, angles where our approach gives a marginal improvement over gate synthesis. We discuss how different performance metrics may alter these conclusions.
description: Author's final version. Extended analysis to higher levels of Clifford hierarchy. Addition of magic state dilution for small angle magic states
Qualitative study of a geodynamical rate-and-state model for elastoplastic shear flows in crustal faults
Creators: name: Mielke, Alexander
name: Roub'iček, Tomáš
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Rate-and-state friction
subject: plasticity
subject: damage
subject: aging
subject: steady states
subject: dynamics
subject: time-discretization
subject: seismic cycles
subject: 1-degree-of-freedom slider
subject: 35Q74
subject: 35Q86
subject: 74-10
subject: 74A55
subject: 74C10
subject: 74R20
subject: 86A15

description: The Dieterich--Ruina rate-and-state friction model is transferred to a bulk variant and the state variable (aging) influencing the dissipation mechanism is here combined also with a damage influencing standardly the elastic response. As the aging has a separate dynamics, the overall model does not have a standard variational structure. A one-dimensional model is investigated as far as the steady-state existence, localization of the cataclastic core, and its time response, too. Computational experiments with a damage-free variant show stick-slip behavior (i.e. seismic cycles of tectonic faults) as well as stable slip under very large velocities.
Multi-Poisson Approach to the Painlevé Equations: from the Isospectral Deformation to the Isomonodromic Deformation
Creators: name: Chiba, Hayato
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A multi-Poisson structure on a Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$ provides a systematic way to construct completely integrable Hamiltonian systems on $\mathfrak{g}$ expressed in Lax form $\partial X_λ/\partial t = [X_λ, A_λ]$ in the sense of the isospectral deformation, where $X_λ, A_λ\in \mathfrak{g}$ depend rationally on the indeterminate $λ$ called the spectral parameter. In this paper, a method for modifying the isospectral deformation equation to the Lax equation $\partial X_λ/\partial t = [X_λ, A_λ] + \partial A_λ/\partial λ$ in the sense of the isomonodromic deformation, which exhibits the Painlevé property, is proposed. This method gives a few new Painlevé systems of dimension four.
Reduction of Organic Emissions from Solar Cell Thermal Processing
Creators: name: Novy, L.
name: Branz, K.
name: Trepte, S.
name: Frenzel, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Manufacturing Issues and Processing

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2104-2107
description: During thermal firing of solar cells solvents and traces of other compounds are vaporized, transported
and partially oxidized. The emissions from these ovens tend to form condensate in the exhaust lines. A new method
to reduce these emissions was tested on a solar cell production line. After the proof of concept with an experimental
set-up, the exhaust of an oven was treated with a prototype system. The evaluation showed that the system operates
stable with very little maintenance and very good efficiency. Commercial systems based on these results achieved
better than 97% emission reduction of total organic carbon. Safety and reliability can be improved by automatic
collection of the condensate into a central tank.
Optimal Qubit Control Using Single-Flux Quantum Pulses
Creators: name: Liebermann, Per J.
name: Wilhelm, Frank K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single flux quantum pulses are a natural candidate for on-chip control of superconducting qubits. We show that they can drive high-fidelity single-qubit rotations---even in leaky transmon qubits---if the pulse sequence is suitably optimized. We achieve this objective by showing that, for these restricted all-digital pulses, genetic algorithms can be made to converge to arbitrarily low error, verified up to a reduction in gate error by 2 orders of magnitude compared to an evenly spaced pulse train. Timing jitter of the pulses is taken into account, exploring the robustness of our optimized sequence. This approach takes us one step further towards on-chip qubit controls.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures
N+ Polycrystalline Silicon Thin Film Emitter Used as a Seed Layer for Solid Phase Epitaxy
Creators: name: Budini, N.
name: Buitrago, R.H.
name: Schmidt, J.A.
name: Risso, G.
name: Rinaldi, P.A.
name: Arce, R.D
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
Thin Film Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Wafer Equivalents

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 3543-3545
description: We worked on the solid phase epitaxial crystallisation of a lightly boron doped (p–) silicon layer on a
heavily phosphorous doped (n+) polycrystalline emitter seed layer. Nickel-induced crystallisation and postcrystallisation
doping of intrinsic amorphous silicon thin films (~200 nm) were used to prepare the seed layer.
Optical microscopy revealed a solid phase epitaxial growth, with grains growing in a columnar structure. UV
reflectance measurements indicated that the films have a crystallinity fraction over 70 % after full crystallisation. Xray
diffraction allowed us to analyze also the crystallinity of the final structure and the orientation of the crystals.
Considering the design of a solar cell, we propose to obtain a polycrystalline silicon solar cell in a two step process:
(1) the Ni-induced crystallisation and subsequent doping of the emitter used as a seed layer (n+); (2) the deposition
and solid epitaxial growth of the absorber and back surface field layers (p–/p+) onto the emitter.
Stress Potential Analysis of Solar Wafer and Cells during Conveyor Belt Handling
Creators: name: Wertz, R.
name: Böttinger, F.
name: Fischmann, C.
name: Konstandin, M.
name: Verl, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Manufacturing Issues and Processing

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2069-2071
description: The thickness of photovoltaic substrates, such as wafers and cells has been decreased continuously in
the past. Further reductions are expected in future to take advantage of reduced material costs. The change of
mechanical characteristics results in new challenges for handling and transportation of substrates.
To analyze and determine the potential of stress on the substrate, in a first step harming factors had to be
identified and suitable methods of measurement had to be worked out. Based on the knowledge of these influencing
parameters, a test bed for investigation has been set up. Different measurement systems along the path of
transportation guarantee a proper set of sensor data. The first results of the ongoing investigations highlight the
influence of transportation and the consecutive alignment on the substrates. It can be shown that not only the handling
but also the transportation is dependent on several boundary conditions, i.e. thickness of substrates.
title: How eLearning drives organisational product adoption: An exploratory multi-case approach
Creators: name: Ziegler, Alexander
Publisher: name: Edinburgh Napier University
Year: 2022

description: Purpose: Both industry and researchers have been discussing the need to close the learning skill gap in new product adoption for years. New business designs focusing on subscription models enabling online purchasing and cancellation of products in every country have changed the rules of the game. In this research, today’s usage of eLearning in organisations has been investigated and barriers and challenges are discussed. The guiding question is: How shall organisations adopt a product if, on top of the skills gap, there is nobody guiding them how to use it and ensure adoption, and, hence, market success?

Methodology: Academic literature shows that eLearning can be efficient if well-designed and developed. Most research around product adoption goes back to Rogers and his product adoption model. This research uses a case-based approach to understand how eLearning could drive organisational product adoption in the future. It uses a unique two-level network sampling to avoid bias, meaning the author used his network but had no prior relationship to anybody eventually interviewed. The author interviewed the SVPs, VPs or Directors responsible globally for Learning and Development to discover first-hand which of the eLearning trends have the power to be the eLearning innovation changing product adoption in the future. The results blend expert opinions from automotive, hospitality, medical products, distribution, medical care, eLearning and consulting, most of them Fortune 100 and Fortune 500 companies

Impact: This research contributes to knowledge by suggesting extending Rogers’ model of diffusion of innovation in two ways. First, by including a phase of very early conceptual eLearning and, in addition, it suggests replacing the communication channels by ubiquitous access to AI-influenced personalised eLearning. From a practice point of view, it suggests that developers need to listen to this case approach’s appeal to provide “short” eLearning with “immediate” and “ubiquitous availability” to the learners, making eLearning available on any platform. Furthermore, it highlights that, wherever uniformity is needed as learning outcome, to rethink the existing method and potentially replace it by eLearning. Finally, it suggests investigating whether the success of simulations in certain industries could be also useful in others.
Processing of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin Film Solar Cells by Co-Evaporation Using a Physical Vapor Deposition System with Effusion Cells MBE Type*
Creators: name: Calixto, M.E.
name: Sastré-Hernández, J.
name: Tufiño Velázquez, M.
name: Contreras-Puente, G.
name: López-López, M.
name: Morales-Acevedo, A.
name: Casados-Cruz, G.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
CIS and Other (II-VI) Ternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 3445-3447
description: Polycrystalline Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells are attractive because low cost techniques can be used
to obtain high efficiency thin film photovoltaic devices. Several research groups around the globe have developed
CIGS/CdS solar cells with efficiencies larger than 15% using evaporation techniques, making it an attractive and
reliable technique for thin film deposition. In this work, we are using a PVD system with Knudsen cells MBE type to
deposit CIGS thin films on glass/Mo substrates by co-evaporation to obtain CIGS/CdS thin film solar cells.
Characterization of co-evaporated CIGS thin films was performed by XRD, SEM and EDS techniques. High quality
polycrystalline films were obtained as shown by XRD patterns. SEM micrographs show films having a very uniform
appearance with large grain sizes (~1 μm). EDS analysis allowed us verifying that a Cu film could be successfully
selenized and converted into Cu3Se2, a condition that is necessary to perform the co-evaporation of Cu-In-Ga-Se for
obtaining CIGS films. Photoluminescence (PL) studies on CIGS samples with different Ga and Cu concentrations
(Ga/Ga+In = 0.28, 0.34 and 0.35 and Cu/In+Ga = 0.85, 0.83 and 0.94) have been performed.
Processing of Screen-Printed Si Metal Wrap through (MWT) Solar Cells
Creators: name: Tonini, D.
name: Bottosso, C.
name: Pasqualin, G.
name: Galiazzo, M.
name: Cellere, G.
name: Baccini, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Manufacturing Issues and Processing

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2055-2058
description: The Metal Wrap Through (MWT) solar cell concept enables to reduce shading losses thanks to the
absence of the busbars, furthermore having the p-contact on the rear side simplifies the interconnection of the cells in
the module reducing serial resistance losses [1]. Only two additional process steps need to be added in comparison to
conventional cell production technology: laser via drilling and rear contact isolation. The back tabbing and via
metallization (printing and paste suction) can be done in the same process step.
Focus point of this work was to investigate an industrial applicable process flow for MWT solar cells. Laser drilling,
via metallization and contact laser isolation were investigated in order to achieve better control on the cells
manufacturing process. In this study we tested several sources, finding one which has proven to be a suitable solution
at reasonable cost to perform both steps at the required cycle time.
Concerning the metallization step, paste characteristics and multiple vacuum systems have been selected in order to
achieve the best via filling and avoid nest and cells contamination.
The MuPix System-on-Chip for the Mu3e Experiment
Creators: name: Augustin, Heiko
name: Berger, Niklaus
name: Dittmeier, Sebastian
name: Grzesik, Carsten
name: Hammerich, Jan
name: Huang, Qinhua
name: Huth, Lennart
name: Kiehn, Moritz
name: Kozlinskiy, Alexandr
name: Aeschbacher, Frank Meier
name: Perić, Ivan
name: Perrevoort, Ann-Kathrin
name: Schöning, André
name: Shrestha, Shruti
name: Bruch, Dorothea vom
name: Wauters, Frederik
name: Wiedner, Dirk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mu3e is a novel experiment searching for charged lepton flavor violation in the rare decay $μ^+ \rightarrow e^+e^-e^+$. Decay vertex position, decay time and particle momenta have to be precisely measured in order to reject both accidental and physics background. A silicon pixel tracker based on $50\,μ$m thin high voltage monolithic active pixel sensors (HV-MAPS) in a 1 T solenoidal magnetic field provides precise vertex and momentum information. The MuPix chip combines pixel sensor cells with integrated analog electronics and a periphery with a complete digital readout. The MuPix7 is the first HV-MAPS prototype implementing all functionalities of the final sensor including a readout state machine and high speed serialization with 1.25 Gbit/s data output, allowing for a streaming readout in parallel to the data taking. The observed efficiency of the MuPix7 chip including the full readout system is $\geq99\%$ in a high rate test beam.
description: Replaced with final version accepted by the publisher
New Industrial System for In-Line Deposition of SiN:H on Solar Wafers
Creators: name: Stroisch, M.
name: Fuchs, J.-U.
name: Heintze, M.
name: Rechtsteiner, T.
name: Beck, C.
name: Dahl, R.
name: Fath, P.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Manufacturing Issues and Processing

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2038-2039
description: High throughput and a low cost of ownership are two main issues for a solar cell production system. The new inline system from centrotherm satisfies both requirements. Apart from that cell producers demand a comparable quality to state of the arts systems. In order to qualify the new PECVD system we have produced SiN:H films for selective emitter solar cells. For comparison we refer to a tube furnace PECVD system and show that the film quality of both systems is on an equally high level.
title: Lighting design principles for placemaking in historic sites
Creators: name: Aslani, Shahabedin Zeini
Publisher: name: Edinburgh Napier University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis identifies the various interrelated areas needed in the research and preparation of lighting design schemes for historic sites as facilitators for placemaking processes. In doing so, it firstly focuses upon placemaking as an influential process in enriching urban spaces. Ball (2014) identifies the international nature of placemaking which he views as the “process of activating new or existing public spaces to create that emotional connection”. He explains that placemaking is understood as taking diverse forms that enable public spaces to function through design, programming, community empowerment, wayfinding, art, and whatever the needs of that particular community include. This thesis studies the different definition of placemaking through secondary research, and finally introduces a comprehensive definition of placemaking based on the finding in respect to lighting design as part of its contribution to knowledge. The thesis argues that historic sites should be seen as important infrastructures for placemaking in urban spaces. By linking the requirements of such sites and considering placemaking process obligations, the thesis develops lighting design principles for historic sites through the placemaking process. The design principles proposed in the thesis are supported by two case studies of UNESCO registered world heritage sites; the first is a best practice case study in lighting design while the second is significant in relation to its public lighting. Using ethnography research methods through observation, semi-structured interviews and questionnaires, the research identifies relevant experiences and opinions of local stakeholders, lighting designers and heritage experts. The data was then interpreted through thematic analysis which resulted to the presentation of the following arguments: Firstly, it argues that lighting in historic sites is an effective design feature which can successfully support placemaking goals. Secondly, according to this, it presents the historic site-specific aspects which deal with the authenticity of the site and the management factors, as well as people’s vital role which generates from placemaking as essential considerations. thirdly, it suggests lighting design considerations and characteristics that need to be taken into account as essential aspects in historic sites through placemaking process. Together, these recommendations provide the basis of lighting design principles for historic sites through placemaking. This evolutionary focus is intended to guide lighting designers to produce informed design decisions for historic sites and policy makers in heritage sites to develop lighting design regulation for such setting which will result in reaching successful placemaking processes.
The Separate Universe Approach to Soft Limits
Creators: name: Kenton, Zachary
name: Mulryne, David J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a formalism for calculating soft limits of $n$-point inflationary correlation functions using separate universe techniques. Our method naturally allows for multiple fields and leads to an elegant diagrammatic approach. As an application we focus on the trispectrum produced by inflation with multiple light fields, giving explicit formulae for all possible single- and double-soft limits. We also investigate consistency relations and present an infinite tower of inequalities between soft correlation functions which generalise the Suyama-Yamaguchi inequality.
description: 28 pages, 7 figures. This is an author-created, un-copyedited version of an article published in JCAP. IOP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it. The Version of Record is available online at the DOI below. v3: Updated to match version published in JCAP
Experimental realization of the "lock-and-key" mechanism in liquid crystals
Creators: name: Luo, Yimin
name: Serra, Francesca
name: Stebe, Kathleen J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ability to control the movement and assembly of particles in liquid crystals is not only an important route to design functional materials, but also sheds light on the mechanisms of colloidal interactions. In this study we place micron-sized particles with "Saturn ring" defects near a wall with hills and dales that impose perpendicular (homeotropic) molecular anchoring. The strong splay distortion at the wall interacts with the distortion around the particles in the near field and favors their migration towards the dales via the so-called "lock-and-key" mechanism. We demonstrate experimentally that the lock-and-key mechanism can robustly localize a particle at specific topographical features. We observe the complex trajectories traced by the particles as they dock on the dales, estimate the binding energy, and explore a range of parameters that favor or disfavor the docking event, thus exploiting the capabilities of our experimental system. We extend the study to colloids with homeotropic anchoring but with an associated point defect instead of a Saturn ring and show that they find a different preferred location, i.e. we can place otherwise identical particles at well defined sites according to their topological defect structure. Finally, for deep enough wells, confinement drives topological transitions of Saturn rings to dipoles. This ability to tailor wall geometry to guide colloids to well defined sites within nematic liquid crystals represents an important new tool in directed assembly.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures
Mass entrainment rate of an ideal momentum turbulent round jet
Creators: name: Medrano, Fermín Franco
name: Fukumoto, Yasuhide
name: Velte, Clara M.
name: Hodžić, Azur
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 76T10, 76F55

description: We propose a two-phase-fluid model for a full-cone turbulent round jet that describes its dynamics in a simple but comprehensive manner with only the apex angle of the cone being a disposable parameter. The basic assumptions are that (i) the jet is statistically stationary and that (ii) it can be approximated by a mixture of two fluids with their phases in dynamic equilibrium. To derive the model, we impose conservation of the initial volume and total momentum fluxes. Our model equations admit analytical solutions for the composite density and velocity of the two-phase fluid, both as functions of the distance from the nozzle, from which the dynamic pressure and the mass entrainment rate are calculated. Assuming a far-field approximation, we theoretically derive a constant entrainment rate coefficient solely in terms of the cone angle. Moreover, we carry out experiments for a single-phase turbulent air jet and show that the predictions of our model compare well with this and other experimental data of atomizing liquid jets.
description: 17 pages, 10 figures
Investigations on the Impact of Wafer Grippers on Optical and Electrical Properties of Alkaline Textured and a-Si Passivated Surfaces
Creators: name: Nold, S.
name: Aßmus, M.
name: Weil, A.
name: Haunschild, J.
name: Savio, C.
name: Hofmann, M.
name: Rentsch, J.
name: Preu, R.
name: Kunz, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Manufacturing Issues and Processing

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2063-2068
description: Automated wafer handling is inevitable during the production of crystalline silicon solar cells.
Additional to the risk of wafer breakage, the influence of wafer handling devices on the optical and electrical
properties of the solar cell proofs to be of great importance. This work investigates the influence of different wafer
grippers on the optical properties of grown random pyramids as well as their impact on the quality of hydrogenated
amorphous silicon (a-Si) passivation layers. The homogeneity of the random pyramids is characterized by
examination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and reflectance measurements. The influence of the
wafer grippers on the electrical properties is investigated by calibrating quasi-steady-state photoconductance
(QSSPC) measurements to photoluminescence (PL) images. We find that using grippers which distribute their
exerted force on a larger area of the wafer surface provides better optical and electrical properties than using grippers
with smaller, locally defined contact areas.
Gravitational lensing of massive particles in Schwarzschild gravity
Creators: name: Liu, Xionghui
name: Yang, Nan
name: Jia, Junji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Both massless light ray and objects with nonzero mass experience trajectory bending in a gravitational field. In this work the bending of trajectories of massive objects in a Schwarzschild spacetime and the corresponding gravitational lensing (GL) effects are studied. A particle sphere for Schwarzschild black hole (BH) is found with its radius a simple function of the particle velocity and proportional to the BH mass. A single master formula for both the massless and massive particle bending angle is found, in the form of an elliptic function depending only on the velocity and impact parameter. This bending angle is expanded in both large and small velocity limits and large and small impact parameter limits. The corresponding deflection angle for weak and strong GL of massive particles are analyzed, and their corrections to the light ray deflection angles are obtained. The dependence of the deflection angles on the source angle and the particle speed is investigated. Finally we discuss the potential applications of the results in hypervelocity star observations and in determining mass/mass hierarchy of slow particles/objects.
description: typos corrected. One formula re-written. To match the published version
Cascading failures in interdependent networks with finite functional components
Creators: name: Di Muro, M. A.
name: Buldyrev, S. V.
name: Stanley, H. E.
name: Braunstein, L. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a cascading failure model of two interdependent networks in which functional nodes belong to components of size greater than or equal to $s$. We find theoretically and via simulation that in complex networks with random dependency links the transition is first-order for $s\geq 3$ and second-order for $s=2$. We find for two square lattices with a distance constraint $r$ in the dependency links that increasing $r$ moves the system from a regime without a phase transition to one with a second-order transition. As $r$ continues to increase the system collapses in a first-order transition. Each regime is associated with a different structure of domain formation of functional nodes.
Lattice calculation of the leading strange quark-connected contribution to the muon $g-2$
Creators: name: Blum, T.
name: Boyle, P. A.
name: Del Debbio, L.
name: Hudspith, R. J.
name: Izubuchi, T.
name: Jüttner, A.
name: Lehner, C.
name: Lewis, R.
name: Maltman, K.
name: Marinković, M. Krstić
name: Portelli, A.
name: Spraggs, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results for the leading hadronic contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment due to strange quark-connected vacuum polarisation effects. Simulations were performed using RBC--UKQCD's $N_f=2+1$ domain wall fermion ensembles with physical light sea quark masses at two lattice spacings. We consider a large number of analysis scenarios in order to obtain solid estimates for residual systematic effects. Our final result in the continuum limit is $a_μ^{(2)\,{\rm had},\,s}=53.1(9)\left(^{+1}_{-3}\right)\times10^{-10}$.
description: 21 pages, 5 figures
Influence of the Surface Roughness on CIGS-Based Solar Cell Parameters
Creators: name: Jehl Li Kao, Z.
name: Erfurth, F.
name: Naghavi, N.
name: Lombez, L.
name: Gérard, I.
name: Bouttemy, M.
name: Tran-Van, P.
name: Etcheberry, A.
name: Voorwinden, G.
name: Dimmler, B.
name: Wischmann, W.
name: Powalla, M.
name: Guillemoles, J.-F.
name: Lincot, D.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
CIS and Other (II-VI) Ternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 3428-3431
description: The influence of CIGSe surface roughness over the photovoltaic parameters is reported. The as
deposited rough CIGSe surface is smoothed using a chemical etch, and the bare CIGSe surface is characterized
by SEM, AFM and Reflectivity. As the roughness decreases, the total reflectivity of the CIGSe surface increases,
but the ratio of diffuse reflectivity decreases as expected for a more flat surface. The sample are processed into
solar cells and characterized by I(V) measurements. While the open circuit voltage and the fill factor remains
constant, the short circuit current decreases with the decreased roughness, resulting in a reduction of the solar cell
efficiency from 14% down to 11%. Quantum efficiency and reflectivity measurements are performed on the solar
cells to study the mechanisms involved.
Cotorsion pairs in categories of quiver representations
Creators: name: Holm, Henrik
name: Jorgensen, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18E10, 18G05, 18G15

description: We study the category $\mathrm{Rep}(Q,\mathcal{M})$ of representations of a quiver $Q$ with values in an abelian category $\mathcal{M}$. Under certain assumptions, we show that every cotorsion pair $(\mathcal{A},\mathcal{B})$ in $\mathcal{M}$ induces two (explicitly described) cotorsion pairs $(Φ(\mathcal{A}),\mathrm{Rep}(Q,\mathcal{B}))$ and $(\mathrm{Rep}(Q,\mathcal{A}),Ψ(\mathcal{B}))$ in $\mathrm{Rep}(Q,\mathcal{M})$. This is akin to a result by Gillespie, which asserts that a cotorsion pair $(\mathcal{A},\mathcal{B})$ in $\mathcal{M}$ induces cotorsion pairs $(\widetilde{\mathcal{A}}, \mathrm{dg}\,\widetilde{\mathcal{B}})$ and $(\mathrm{dg}\,\widetilde{\mathcal{A}}, \widetilde{\mathcal{B}})$ in the category $\mathrm{Ch}(\mathcal{M})$ of chain complexes in $\mathcal{M}$. Special cases of our results recover descriptions of the projective and injective objects in $\mathrm{Rep}(Q,\mathcal{M})$ proved by Enochs, Estrada, and Garcia Rozas.
description: 23 pages. This is the Final Accepted Version which was accepted 13 April 2017 for publication in the Kyoto Journal of Mathematics
Structural Study of CIGS and CIGS2 Thin Film Absorbers Using EBSD Technique
Creators: name: Dhere, N.G.
name: Kaul, A.
name: Pethe, S.A.
name: Moutinho, H.R.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
CIS and Other (II-VI) Ternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 3442-3444
description: In EBSD, electrons in the beam of SEM are diffracted by the crystalline planes of the sample which can
generate the orientation maps of region in the proximity of sample surface. It is important that scanned surface be flat so
that shadowing of electrons on the detector can be avoided due to surface features. This study relates to EBSD
investigation of CIGS samples that were prepared by two stage process in which the initial precursor was deposited by
DC magnetron sputtering following by selenization/sulfurization in conventional furnace. Due to high surface roughness,
low quality EBSD signal was obtained in the samples that were initially polished with ion milling. Polishing with
dimpler grinder followed by chemical treatment with bromine/methanol solution improved the quality of EBSD patterns.
Efforts are being made to build the database for CuIn1-xGaXSe2 (CIGSe), CuIn1-xGaXS2 (CIGS2) and CuIn1-xGaXSe2-ySy
(CIGSeS) in the system using high quality EBSD patterns and finally to obtain grain orientation maps.
Quantum Information Approach to Dynamical Diffraction Theory
Creators: name: Nsofini, J.
name: Ghofrani, K.
name: Sarenac, D.
name: Cory, D. G.
name: Pushin, D. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a simplified model for dynamical diffraction of particles through a periodic thick perfect crystal based on repeated application of a coherent beam splitting unitary at coarse-grained lattice sites. By demanding translational invariance and a computationally tractable number of sites in the coarse-graining we show how this approach reproduces many results typical of dynamical diffraction theory and experiments. This approach has the benefit of being applicable in the thick, thin, and intermediate crystal regimes. The method is applied to a three-blade neutron interferometer to predict the output beam profiles, interference patterns, and contrast variation.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures
A PRM-Photoacoustic Study on Surface Damage of CuInSe2 Following Xe+ Implantation
Creators: name: Satour, F.Z.
name: Zegadi, A.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
CIS and Other (II-VI) Ternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 3418-3421
description: Depth profiling property of photoacoustic spectroscopy is exploited in characterising a sample of CuInSe2 that
has been implanted with xenon ions at 40 keV and a dose of 5x1016 ions/cm2. To be able to separate PAS spectral
dependence of the implanted layer from that of the substrate, we have applied for the first time in its kind the phase resolved
photoacoustic spectroscopy method (PRM-PAS). Once the separation of the spectra is done, we analyse the effect of Xe+ on
the optical properties of CuInSe2.
Sulfur Based Materials Deposited by ALD for Buffer Layers in CIGS Solar Cells
Creators: name: Genevée, P.
name: Donsanti, F.
name: Renou, G.
name: Lincot, D.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
CIS and Other (II-VI) Ternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 3425-3427
description: In this work different studies are developed on sulfur based materials deposited by Atomic Layer
Deposition (ALD) used as buffer layer in CIGS solar cells. Two of the most promising cadmium free materials for the
buffer layer are zinc sulfide and indium sulfide based materials (ZnS, Zn(S,O,OH), In 2S3, InxSy, …). It has been
demonstrated that ALD used for the deposition of ZnS and In2S3 allows to reach high efficiencies with an excellent
thickness control of the layers and a good repeatability. We have applied this deposition method to sputtered CIGSSe
absorbers and we have confirmed these good results compared with a classical CBD-CdS process.
A bilayer ZnS/In2S3 structure is also investigated and the results are compared with those reported using a Spray-ILGAR
deposition method. Finally first results on the synthesis of gallium sulfide layers are exposed.
Pilot Production of Back-Contact EWT Cells
Creators: name: Gee, J.M.
name: Wang, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Manufacturing Issues and Processing

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1992-1995
description: Back-contact silicon solar cells feature high efficiencies, simpler module assembly, and improved aesthetics. The emitter wrap through (EWT) cell structure is particularly attractive for use with industrial processing (e.g., screen-printed metallizations) and common solar-grade p-type Si materials. EWT cells have recently been demonstrated with efficiencies up to 19.2% using 156-mm p-type Cz silicon and only common industrial processing techniques such as screen printing and high-volume diffusions and PECVD. This paper describes transfer of the EWT process into pilot line production. Lot-average efficiencies of 19.5% have been achieved while implementing several cost-reduction features.
Gravitational Tension, Spacetime Pressure and Black Hole Volume
Creators: name: Armas, Jay
name: Obers, Niels A.
name: Sanchioni, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the first law of black hole thermodynamics in the presence of surrounding gravitational fields and argue that variations of these fields are naturally incorporated in the first law by defining gravitational tension or gravitational binding energy. We demonstrate that this notion can also be applied in Anti-de Sitter spacetime, in which the surrounding gravitational field is sourced by a cosmological fluid, therefore showing that spacetime volume and gravitational tension encode the same physics as spacetime pressure and black hole volume. We furthermore show that it is possible to introduce a definition of spacetime pressure and black hole volume for any spacetime with characteristic length scales which does not necessarily require a cosmological constant sourcing Einstein equations. However, we show that black hole volume is non-universal in the flat spacetime limit, questioning its significance. We illustrate these ideas by studying the resulting black hole volume of Kaluza-Klein black holes and of a toy model for a black hole binary system in five spacetime dimensions (the black saturn solution) as well as of several novel perturbative black hole solutions. These include the higher-dimensional Kerr-Newman solution in Anti-de Sitter spacetime as well as other black holes in plane wave and Lifshitz spacetimes.
description: v3: 42pp, improved discussion in section 6, to be published in JHEP
Development and characterization of single gap glass RPC
Creators: name: Manisha
name: Bhatnagar, V.
name: Shahi, J. S.
name: Singh, J. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) facility is going to have a 50 kton magnetized Iron CALorimeter (ICAL) detector for precision measurements of neutrino oscillations using atmospheric neutrinos. The proposed ICAL detector will be a stack of magnetized iron plates (acting as target material) interleaved with glass Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) as the active detector elements. An RPC is a gaseous detector made up of two parallel electrode plates having high bulk resistivity like that of float glass and bakelite. For the ICAL detector, glass is preferred over bakelite as it does not need any kind of surface treatment to achieve better surface uniformity and also the cost of associated electronics is reduced. Under the detector R&D efforts for the proposed glass RPC detector, a few glass RPCs of 1m X 1m dimension are fabricated procuring glass of ~ 2 mm thickness from one of the Indian glass manufacturers (Asahi). In the present paper, we report the characterization of RPC based on leakage current study, muon detection efficiency and noise rate studies with varying gas compositions.
description: Published in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A; 9 pages, 10 figures, 1 table
During crop growth nutrients become depleted and need to be replenished. Is biomass usefull?
Creators: name: Waeyenberge, Lieven
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biomass
crop nutrients
organic material
soil biodiversity
soil fertility

description: Adoption of new management practices to increase crop production and quality This work was funded by the European Commission Horizon 2020 project SoildiverAgro [grant agreement 817819].
High Capacity Inline Annealing for High Efficiency Silicon Solar Cells
Creators: name: Mack, S.
name: Scheffler, D.
name: Wotke, E.A.
name: Reinwand, D.
name: Nold, S.
name: Savio, C.
name: Bitnar, B.
name: Wolf, A.
name: Biro, D.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Manufacturing Issues and Processing

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1089-1093
description: Most high-efficiency concepts for silicon solar cells utilise passivated surfaces and/or novel
metallisation approaches. For these devices an anneal step, preferential in forming gas ambient, is beneficial or even
crucial. Annealing is known to activate or improve surface passivation, facilitate metal-silicide formation, improve
adhesion of metal contacts and cure potential crystal damage. Challenges for industrial solutions of anneal processes
are a precise control of the process atmosphere and temperature, as well as a high throughput and easy integration
into production lines. We present a high capacity inline annealing system that addresses these tasks with a throughput
of over 1000 wafers per hour. The gas locks, located at the entrance and exit of the furnace, allow for an effective
separation of laboratory and forming gas process ambient, which results in a residual oxygen concentration of a few
ppm. Inline annealed silicon solar cells with a thermal oxide passivated rear surface show the same conversion
efficiency as reference cells, which are annealed in a single wafer reactor. The specific cost of inline annealing in
forming gas is calculated to be below 1.1 €ct/Wp.
Optical Spectroscopy of Chelated Trace Metals for Wet Cleaning Process Control and Optimization
Creators: name: Litvak, H.
name: Treichel, H.
name: Goldstein, A.
name: George, M.
name: Bohling, D.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Manufacturing Issues and Processing

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1111-1114
description: UV-visible spectroscopy is a technique that readily allows one to determine chemical concentrations of
a wide variety of substances over a wide range of conditions. Iron, cobalt, nickel, titanium and copper are important
metals that when present on a silicon wafer surface adversely influence the efficiency of resulting PV devices.
However, many of these surface ions can be effectively removed during wafer cleaning by the addition of a
complexing or chelating agent (such as SX-E™). Since many of the ion-chelate molecular complexes exhibit optical
absorption and/or fluorescence in the easily-accessible UV-visible spectroscopy range, they are suitable for chemical
analysis by spectroscopic techniques. In this paper, we explore the spectroscopy of several of these metal ion
complexes, as well as their potential for chemical analysis and process control, e.g. for endpoint detection,
measurement of cleaning bath lifetimes, and as a tool to optimize cleaning sequences.
A Simple Approach to the Supernova Progenitor-Explosion Connection
Creators: name: Müller, B.
name: Heger, A.
name: Liptai, D.
name: Cameron, J. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new approach to understand the landscape of supernova explosion energies, ejected nickel masses, and neutron star birth masses. In contrast to other recent parametric approaches, our model predicts the properties of neutrino-driven explosions based on the pre-collapse stellar structure without the need for hydrodynamic simulations. The model is based on physically motivated scaling laws and simple differential equations describing the shock propagation, the contraction of the neutron star, the neutrino emission, the heating conditions, and the explosion energetics. Using model parameters compatible with multi-D simulations and a fine grid of thousands of supernova progenitors, we obtain a variegated landscape of neutron star and black hole formation similar to other parameterised approaches and find good agreement with semi-empirical measures for the "explodability" of massive stars. Our predicted explosion properties largely conform to observed correlations between the nickel mass and explosion energy. Accounting for the coexistence of outflows and downflows during the explosion phase, we naturally obtain a positive correlation between explosion energy and ejecta mass. These correlations are relatively robust against parameter variations, but our results suggest that there is considerable leeway in parametric models to widen or narrow the mass ranges for black hole and neutron star formation and to scale explosion energies up or down. Our model is currently limited to an all-or-nothing treatment of fallback and there remain some minor discrepancies between model predictions and observational constraints.
description: 25 pages, 21 figures, accepted for publication MNRAS. Revised version includes a new Section 3.4.3 that discusses further parameter variations. Weighting error in histograms corrected