cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On the Supremum of Some Random Dirichlet Polynomials
Creators: name: Lifshits, Mikhail
name: Weber, Michel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 30B50; 26D05

description: We study the supremum of some random Dirichlet polynomials with independent coefficients and obtain sharp upper and lower bounds for supremum expectation thus extending the results from our previous work (see http://arXiv.org/abs/math/0703691). Our approach in proving these results is entirely based on methods of stochastic processes, in particular the metric entropy method.
Verifying Random Quantum Circuits with Arbitrary Geometry Using Tensor Network States Algorithm
Creators: name: Guo, Chu
name: Zhao, Youwei
name: Huang, He-Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ability to efficiently simulate random quantum circuits using a classical computer is increasingly important for developing Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum devices. Here we present a tensor network states based algorithm specifically designed to compute amplitudes for random quantum circuits with arbitrary geometry. Singular value decomposition based compression together with a two-sided circuit evolution algorithm are used to further compress the resulting tensor network. To further accelerate the simulation, we also propose a heuristic algorithm to compute the optimal tensor contraction path. We demonstrate that our algorithm is up to $2$ orders of magnitudes faster than the Sch$\ddot{\text{o}}$dinger-Feynman algorithm for verifying random quantum circuits on the $53$-qubit Sycamore processor, with circuit depths below $12$. We also simulate larger random quantum circuits up to $104$ qubits, showing that this algorithm is an ideal tool to verify relatively shallow quantum circuits on near-term quantum computers.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, 1 table
Analysis of Localization Phenomena in Weakly Interacting Disordered Lattice Gases
Creators: name: Schulte, T.
name: Drenkelforth, S.
name: Kruse, J.
name: Tiemeyer, R.
name: Sacha, K.
name: Zakrzewski, J.
name: Lewenstein, M.
name: Ertmer, W.
name: Arlt, J. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Disorder plays a crucial role in many systems particularly in solid state physics. However, the disorder in a particular system can usually not be chosen or controlled. We show that the unique control available for ultracold atomic gases may be used for the production and observation of disordered quantum degenerate gases. A detailed analysis of localization effects for two possible realizations of a disordered potential is presented. In a theoretical analysis clear localization effects are observed when a superlattice is used to provide a quasiperiodic disorder. The effects of localization are analyzed by investigating the superfluid fraction and the localization length within the system. The theoretical analysis in this paper paves a clear path for the future observation of Anderson-like localization in disordered quantum gases.
description: 9 pages, 13 figures
Stability and dynamics of vortex clusters in nonrotated Bose-Einstein condensates
Creators: name: Pietila, V.
name: Mottonen, M.
name: Isoshima, T.
name: Huhtamaki, J. A. M.
name: Virtanen, S. M. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study stationary clusters of vortices and antivortices in dilute pancake-shaped Bose-Einstein condensates confined in nonrotating harmonic traps. Previous theoretical results on the stability properties of these topologically nontrivial excited states are seemingly contradicting. We clarify this situation by a systematic stability analysis. The energetic and dynamic stability of the clusters is determined from the corresponding elementary excitation spectra obtained by solving the Bogoliubov equations. Furthermore, we study the temporal evolution of the dynamically unstable clusters. The stability of the clusters and the characteristics of their destabilizing modes only depend on the effective strength of the interactions between particles and the trap anisotropy. For certain values of these parameters, there exist several dynamical instabilities, but we show that there are also regions in which some of the clusters are dynamically stable. Moreover, we observe that the dynamical instability of the clusters does not always imply their structural instability, and that for some dynamically unstable states annihilation of the vortices is followed by their regeneration, and revival of the cluster.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
Artefact removal in ground truth and noise model deficient sub-cellular nanoscopy images using auto-encoder deep learning
Creators: name: Jadhav, Suyog
name: Acuña, Sebastian
name: Agarwal, Krishna
name: prasad, Dilip K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Image denoising or artefact removal using deep learning is possible in the availability of supervised training dataset acquired in real experiments or synthesized using known noise models. Neither of the conditions can be fulfilled for nanoscopy (super-resolution optical microscopy) images that are generated from microscopy videos through statistical analysis techniques. Due to several physical constraints, supervised dataset cannot be measured. Due to non-linear spatio-temporal mixing of data and valuable statistics of fluctuations from fluorescent molecules which compete with noise statistics, noise or artefact models in nanoscopy images cannot be explicitly learnt. Therefore, such problem poses unprecedented challenges to deep learning. Here, we propose a robust and versatile simulation-supervised training approach of deep learning auto-encoder architectures for the highly challenging nanoscopy images of sub-cellular structures inside biological samples. We show the proof of concept for one nanoscopy method and investigate the scope of generalizability across structures, noise models, and nanoscopy algorithms not included during simulation-supervised training. We also investigate a variety of loss functions and learning models and discuss the limitation of existing performance metrics for nanoscopy images. We generate valuable insights for this highly challenging and unsolved problem in nanoscopy, and set the foundation for application of deep learning problems in nanoscopy for life sciences.
description: 22 pages, 13 figures
Additional file 2 of Assessment of midwifery care providers intrapartum care competencies, in four sub-Saharan countries: a mixed-method study protocol
Creators: name: Ann-Beth Moller
name: Welsh, Joanne
name: Gross, Mechthild M.
name: Petzold, Max
name: Ayebare, Elizabeth
name: Chipeta, Effie
name: Hounkpatin, Hashim
name: Kandeya, Bianca
name: Mwilike, Beatrice
name: Sognonvi, Antoinette
name: Hanson, Claudia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2. The ICM Essential Competencies for Midwifery Practice Framework.
DEVELOPMENT FACTORS OF "ECOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT" IN THE CONDITIONS OF GREEN ECONOMY IN UZBEKISTAN
Creators: name: 1Narzullayeva Gulchehra Salimovna - teacher 2Shadiyeva Madina Jaloliddin kizi– student Department of Economy Bukhara State University
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This article talks about the importance, role and ways of "ecological management" in the context of green economy development in Uzbekistan. At the moment, the “green” economy is developing all over the world, the “green” economy is closely interconnected with the environment and the circular economy, which implies a rejection of the traditional linear model of economic development.

Keywords. Management, green economy, economy, development, environment, economic activity, business management.
The labour market adjustment of immigrant families
Creators: name: Worswick, Christopher
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: In this thesis, I analyze the labour market adjustment of immigrant families to Canada. The focus of the analysis is on measuring the effects of credit constraints on the labour market behaviour of immigrant family members. Results from the estimation of reduced-form wage, hours and weeks equations indicate that immigrant women face lower wages than similar non-immigrant women, and at the same time work longer hours. Over the 1980s, immigrant women had higher growth in wages and the same growth in hours as non-immigrant women. This could be explained by the immigrant women’s hours being higher in 1980 due to credit constraints, and the immigrant family not needing to borrow in 1990 due to the high wage growth over the decade. While credit constraints can explain the observed differences in labour supply, an alternative explanation is that family preferences towards labour supply differ between immigrant and non-immigrant families. A structural labour supply model is developed in which families choose hours of work for the husband and wife, and family consumption in each time period allowing for credit constraints and uncertainty. The results of the estimation indicate that it is differences in family preferences over labour supply, and not credit constraints, which lead to the observed differences in labour supply between immigrant and non-immigrant families. Immigrant families have a lower disutility to the wife’s labour supply than non-immigrant families. The results do not support the hypothesis that immigrant families are more likely to be credit constrained than non-immigrant families. Labour supplies in young families appear to be affected by credit constraints; however, this effect is no larger in immigrant families than in non-immigrant families.
Low Redshift Intergalactic Absorption Lines in the Spectrum of HE0226-4110
Creators: name: Lehner, N.
name: Savage, B. D.
name: Wakker, B. P.
name: Sembach, K. R.
name: Tripp, T. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of the FUSE and STIS E140M spectra of HE0226-4110 (z=0.495). We detect 56 Lyman absorbers and 5 O VI absorbers. The number of intervening O VI systems per unit redshift with W>50 mÅis dN(O VI)/dz~ 11. The O VI systems unambiguously trace hot gas only in one case. For the 4 other O VI systems, photoionization and collisional ionization models are viable options to explain the observed column densities of the O VI and the other ions. If the O VI systems are mostly photoionized, only a fraction of the observed O VI will contribute to the baryonic density of the warm-hot ionized medium (WHIM) along this line of sight. Combining our results with previous ones, we show that there is a general increase of N(O VI) with increasing b(O VI). Cooling flow models can reproduce the N-b distribution but fail to reproduce the observed ionic ratios. A comparison of the number of O I, O II, O III, O IV, and O VI systems per unit redshift show that the low-z IGM is more highly ionized than weakly ionized. We confirm that photoionized O VI systems show a decreasing ionization parameter with increasing H I column density. O VI absorbers with collisional ionization/photoionization degeneracy follow this relation, possibly suggesting that they are principally photoionized. We find that the photoionized O VI systems in the low redshift IGM have a median abundance of 0.3 solar. We do not find additional Ne VIII systems other than the one found by Savage et al., although our sensitivity should have allowed the detection of Ne VIII in O VI systems at T~(0.6-1.3)x10^6 K (if CIE applies). Since the bulk of the WHIM is believed to be at temperatures T>10^6 K, the hot part of the WHIM remains to be discovered with FUV--EUV metal-line transitions.
description: Accepted for publication in the ApJS. Full resolution figures available at http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/ApJ/journal/preprints/ApJS63975.preprint.pdf
Electronic correlations in the van der Waals ferromagnet Fe$_3$GeTe$_2$ revealed by its charge dynamics
Creators: name: Corasaniti, M.
name: Yang, R.
name: Sen, K.
name: Willa, K.
name: Merz, M.
name: Haghighirad, A. A.
name: Tacon, M. Le
name: Degiorgi, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The layered van der Waals ferromagnetic Fe$_3$GeTe$_2$ harbours an unconventional interplay between topology and magnetism, leading to a large anomalous Hall conductivity at low temperatures. Here, we investigate the temperature dependence of its charge dynamics and reveal that upon entering the ferromagnetic state at $T_C \sim 200$ K and further lowering the temperature there is the onset of a gradual spectral weight reshuffling from the mid-infrared range towards far- as well as near-infrared frequencies. This two-fold spectral weight transfer indicates the important role of the Hund's coupling as primary source for electronic correlations and signals an incoherent-coherent crossover at low temperatures. Our findings also convey the electronic environment, based on nodal-line topological states, favouring the large anomalous Hall conductivity.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, Phys. Rev. B (Rapid Communication), in press
Additional file 3 of Assessment of midwifery care providers intrapartum care competencies, in four sub-Saharan countries: a mixed-method study protocol
Creators: name: Ann-Beth Moller
name: Welsh, Joanne
name: Gross, Mechthild M.
name: Petzold, Max
name: Ayebare, Elizabeth
name: Chipeta, Effie
name: Hounkpatin, Hashim
name: Kandeya, Bianca
name: Mwilike, Beatrice
name: Sognonvi, Antoinette
name: Hanson, Claudia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3. Self-administered questionnaire.
Black-Body Radiation Of Noncommutative Gauge Fields
Creators: name: Fatollahi, A. H.
name: Hajirahimi, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The black-body radiation is considered in a theory with noncommutative electromagnetic fields; that is noncommutativity is introduced in field space, rather than in real space. A direct implication of the result on Cosmic Microwave Background map is argued.
description: 10 pages, no figs, LaTeX
Efficient entanglement of spin qubits mediated by a hot mechanical oscillator
Creators: name: Rosenfeld, Emma
name: Riedinger, Ralf
name: Gieseler, Jan
name: Schuetz, Martin
name: Lukin, Mikhail D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Localized electronic and nuclear spin qubits in the solid state constitute a promising platform for storage and manipulation of quantum information, even at room temperature. However, the development of scalable systems requires the ability to entangle distant spins, which remains a challenge today. We propose and analyze an efficient, heralded scheme that employs a parity measurement in a decoherence free subspace to enable fast and robust entanglement generation between distant spin qubits mediated by a hot mechanical oscillator. We find that high-fidelity entanglement at cryogenic and even ambient temperatures is feasible with realistic parameters, and show that the entangled pair can be subsequently leveraged for deterministic controlled-NOT operations between nuclear spins. Our results open the door for novel quantum processing architectures for a wide variety of solid-state spin qubits.
Study of the low-temperature behavior of a disordered antiferromagnet with random fields by the parallel-tempering method
Creators: name: Prudnikov, V.
name: Vakilov, A.
name: Filikanov, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The parallel-tempering method has been applied to numerically study the thermodynamic behavior of a three-dimensional disordered antiferromagnetic Ising model with random fields at spin concentrations corresponding to regions of both weak and strong structural disorder. An analysis of the low-temperature behavior of the model convincingly shows that in the case of a weakly disordered samples there is realized an antiferromagnetic ordered state, while in the region of strong structural disorder the effects of random magnetic fields lead to the realization of a new phase state of the system with a complex domain structure consisting of antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic domains separated by regions of a spin-glass phase and characterized by a spinglass ground state.
description: 12 RevTeX pages, 8 figures
Η εγγύηση υπέρ του κατάλοιπου στον αλληλόχρεο λογαριασμό:
Creators: name: Κουτρούλη, Νικολίτσα Στασινού
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2011
Subjects: Κατάλοιπο
Αλληλόχρεος λογαριασμός
Residue
Current account

description: Η εγγύηση στον αλληλόχρεο λογαριασμό έχει την έννοια ότι ο εγγυητής ευθύνεται για την καταβολή του ποσού που θα προκύψει ως απαιτητό κατάλοιπο σε βάρος του ενός μέρους κατά το οριστικό κλείσιμο του λογαριασμού. Η ευθύνη του εγγυητή σχετίζεται αποκλειστικά με αυτό το τελικό κατάλοιπο και δεν επηρεάζεται από το ύψος του ποσού κατά τη διάρκεια της λειτουργίας του αλληλόχρεου λογαριασμού. Με τη σύμβαση της εγγύησης, ο εγγυητής αναλαμβάνει έναντι του δανειστή την ευθύνη ότι θα καταβληθεί σ’αυτόν, από μέρους του, η οφειλή του οφειλέτη. Τέλος, η ευθύνη του εγγυητή είναι παρεπόμενη σε σχέση με την ευθύνη του πρωτοφειλέτη.
description: The guarantee in the current account means that the guarantor is accountable for the payment of the sum that will result as exigible residue against on the one part at the final closure of account. The responsibility of guarantor is related to this final residue and is not affected by the sum before the closure of the current account. Concerning the contract of the guarantee, the guarantor undertakes against the lender the responsibility for the payment of the debt of debtor. Finally, the responsibility of the guarantor is ancillary related to the responsibility of debtor.
UV resistance of nucleosides -- an experimental approach
Creators: name: Winkler, Max
name: Giuliano, Barbara M.
name: Caselli, Paola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The emergence of life on Earth is a highly discussed but still unsolved question. Current research underlines the importance of environments within close proximity to the Earth's surface as they can solve long-standing problems such as polymerization of nucleotides and phosphorylation of nucleosides. However, near-surface settings, for example, ponds or ice shields, are prone to UV irradiation. We investigated the photosensitivity of uracil, uridine, adenosine, cytidine, and guanosine by using Raman microscopy. The samples were irradiated by a UV source with 150~mW/cm\textsuperscript{2} for 10 min. Uracil and uridine showed the highest photosensitivity, while adenosine, cytidine, and guanosine remained stable. The change of spectral features and ab initio quantum calculations indicate the formation of uracil's trans-syn cyclobutane dimer during UV irradiation.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, to be published in ACS Earth and Space Chemistry
Pre-instruction for Pedestrians Interacting Autonomous Vehicles with an eHMI: Effects on Their Psychology and Walking Behavior
Creators: name: Liu, Hailong
name: Hirayama, Takatsugu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: External human-machine interface (eHMI) is considered as a new explicit communication method for pedestrian-AV interactions, particularly in encounter scenarios. Pedestrians without prior negotiation experience with eHMI may misinterpret the driving intentions of AV, leading to confusion and unpredictable behavior. To address this, our study suggests providing pre-instruction on eHMI to enhance comprehension. To compare pedestrians' subjective feelings and walking behavior changes with and without the use of eHMI, as well as before and after receiving pre-instructions, a road crossing experiment using a within-subject design was conducted. In the experiment, the participants were challenged to recognize situations and experienced uncertainty when encountering AVs lacking eHMI, in contrast to manual driving vehicles. After the pre-instruction, participants could understand the driving intention of an AV with eHMI and predict its driving behavior more easily. Furthermore, participants' subjective feelings and hesitation to make decisions improved to align with the same criteria as encountered with a manual driving vehicle. Additionally, this study found that the information guidance effect of using eHMI makes participants' walking speeds more consistent over multiple trials after pre-instruction.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures, 6 Tables
Σημασιολογικός προσδιορισμός απόψεων και υποκειμενική ταξινόμηση μηνυμάτων κοινωνικών δικτύων - Μελέτη περίπτωσης Twitter:
Creators: name: Τσαγκαλίδου, Αικατερίνη Λάζαρου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2011
Subjects: Σημασιολογικός προσδιορισμός Υποκειμενική ταξινόμηση
Κοινωνικά δίκτυα
Semantic opinion orientation
Subjectivity classification
Social networks

description: Στην παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία, σχεδιάσθηκε και υλοποιήθηκε μια μέθοδος για τον σημασιολογικό προσδιορισμό των απόψεων και την υποκειμενική ταξινόμηση μηνυμάτων του κοινωνικού δικτύου Twitter. Τα μηνύματα αξιολογούνται ως θετικά και αρνητικά σε σχέση με ένα ερώτημα. Η υλοποίηση έγινε με τη γλώσσα προγραμματισμού Python και τα δεδομένα προήλθαν από το api της υπηρεσίας. Αρχικώς οριοθετείται το ερευνητικό πεδίο και καταγράφονται συνοπτικά οι θεωρητικές έννοιες και οι επικρατέστερες μέθοδοι σημασιολογικής ανάλυσης. Παρουσιάζονται οι βασικές τεχνικές δημιουργίας λεξικών απόψεων και επισημαίνονται τα πλεονεκτήματα και τα μειονεκτήματα της συγκεκριμένης τεχνικής. Αναφέρονται συνοπτικά στατιστικά στοιχεία της micro-blogging υπηρεσίας Twitter και επισημαίνονται οι δυσκολίες ανάλυσης των σύντομων μηνυμάτων. Στη συνέχεια παρουσιάζεται η μέθοδος που προτείνεται η οποία χωρίζεται σε τρεις επιμέρους φάσεις. Η πρώτη, αφορά στη συλλογή των δεδομένων και στην προετοιμασία τους, η δεύτερη είναι σχετική με τη δημιουργία ενός εμπλουτισμένου λεξικού απόψεων που περιέχει λέξεις και φράσεις τις αγγλικής γλώσσας σημασιολογικά βαθμολογημένες, ενώ στη τρίτη φάση υλοποιούνται lexicon-based τεχνικές για την υποκειμενική ταξινόμηση των μηνυμάτων και τον σημασιολογικό προσδιορισμό των απόψεων των χρηστών. Τέλος παρουσιάζονται τα αποτελέσματα της πειραματικής διαδικασίας, καταγράφονται τα συμπεράσματα και προτείνονται τεχνικές για την περαιτέρω βελτίωση της μεθόδου.
description: This thesis describes the implementation of a method for the semantic opinion orientation and subjectivity classification of short messages coming from the micro-blogging service Twitter. Tweet messages are assessed as positive and negative with respect to a query. The implementation was done with the object-oriented high level computer language Python and our datasets were taken via the Application Programming Interface – API of Twitter. Primarily we have study the research domain of Opinion Mining and Sentiment Analysis and highlight the unsolved problems that researchers facing now days. We record the theoretical concepts of the field and highlight the usefulness of lexicon-based techniques. The semantic analysis of our method relies on an opinion lexicon which furthermore enriched with synonymous words from WordNet (synsets). Our lexicon contains words and small phrases which are scored with an arithmetic value that indicate the semantic orientation of them and is independent from text. Finally we evaluate the results of our experiment processes and propose furthermore improvements for our method.
Josephson-junction infrared single-photon detector
Creators: name: Walsh, Evan D.
name: Jung, Woochan
name: Lee, Gil-Ho
name: Efetov, Dmitri K.
name: Wu, Bae-Ian
name: Huang, K. -F.
name: Ohki, Thomas A.
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Kim, Philip
name: Englund, Dirk
name: Fong, Kin Chung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Josephson junctions (JJs) are ubiquitous superconducting devices, enabling high sensitivity magnetometers and voltage amplifiers, as well as forming the basis of high performance cryogenic computer and superconducting quantum computers. While JJ performance can be degraded by quasiparticles (QPs) formed from broken Cooper pairs, this phenomenon also opens opportunities to sensitively detect electromagnetic radiation. Here we demonstrate single near-infrared photon detection by coupling photons to the localized surface plasmons of a graphene-based JJ. Using the photon-induced switching statistics of the current-biased JJ, we reveal the critical role of QPs generated by the absorbed photon in the detection mechanism. The photon-sensitive JJ will enable a high-speed, low-power optical interconnect for future JJ-based computing architectures.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures, and 4 tables
Automatic identification of outliers in Hubble Space Telescope galaxy images
Creators: name: Shamir, Lior
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Rare extragalactic objects can carry substantial information about the past, present, and future universe. Given the size of astronomical databases in the information era it can be assumed that very many outlier galaxies are included in existing and future astronomical databases. However, manual search for these objects is impractical due to the required labor, and therefore the ability to detect such objects largely depends on computer algorithms. This paper describes an unsupervised machine learning algorithm for automatic detection of outlier galaxy images, and its application to several Hubble Space Telescope fields. The algorithm does not require training, and therefore is not dependent on the preparation of clean training sets. The application of the algorithm to a large collection of galaxies detected a variety of outlier galaxy images. The algorithm is not perfect in the sense that not all objects detected by the algorithm are indeed considered outliers, but it reduces the dataset by two orders of magnitude to allow practical manual identification. The catalogue contains 147 objects that would be very difficult to identify without using automation.
description: MNRAS, accepted
METAPHOR IN LINGUISTIC RESEARCH
Creators: name: Tuychiboyev, Ikrom
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This article explores the multifaceted nature of metaphor through various theoretical perspectives, including cognitive, pragmatic, conflict, anomaly, and interaction theories. It highlights the evolution of metaphor from a mere figure of speech to a complex figure of thought, emphasizing its role in shaping meaning and understanding in language. The article discusses the contributions of different theorists, such as Max Black, and examines how metaphors can reflect semantic category errors and cognitive processes. By investigating the interplay between language, thought, and social context, the article reveals the intricate mechanisms of metaphorical transfer and its significance in communication. Additionally, it notes the challenges and questions that arise as researchers strive to decode the complexities of metaphor, indicating a continued need for interdisciplinary study in linguistics, psychology, and sociology. Overall, the article provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of metaphor research and its implications for understanding human cognition and language use.
Additional file 4 of Assessment of midwifery care providers intrapartum care competencies, in four sub-Saharan countries: a mixed-method study protocol
Creators: name: Ann-Beth Moller
name: Welsh, Joanne
name: Gross, Mechthild M.
name: Petzold, Max
name: Ayebare, Elizabeth
name: Chipeta, Effie
name: Hounkpatin, Hashim
name: Kandeya, Bianca
name: Mwilike, Beatrice
name: Sognonvi, Antoinette
name: Hanson, Claudia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 4. Skills drills script.
Efficient ortholog identification and interactive web-based whole genome alignment
Creators: name: Tello, Daniel
name: Garcia, Rogelio
name: Escobar-Velásquez, Camilo
name: Linares-Vásquez, Mario
name: Duitama, Jorge
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2019

description: Here we present a new software solution for efficient identification of homologous genes within and between annotated genome assemblies and whole genome alignment through the efficient identification of synteny blocks built from large chains of orthologous genes. Given one or more annotated genome assemblies, our solution builds first FM-indexes from their corresponding proteomes to identify paralogs and orthologs within and between genomes through searches of aminoacid short k-mers. Homolog relationships become edges of an undirected graph in which gene clusters are identified as connected components. Given two genomes with their annotated ortholog pairs, the classical longest common subsequence dynamic programming algorithm was reimplemented to identify sequences of collinear orthologs, building synteny blocks. In contrast with classical tools that build alignments based on raw sequence similarities, ortholog chains enable alignments between chromosomes of large genomes within minutes of computation, requiring fewer processors and less than 8Gb of RAM.

Our genomes aligner can be executed from both a command line interface and a graphical interface. We benchmarked our solution against some of the most commonly used tools for ortholog identification and synteny analysis. Our solution takes significantly less time and resources for the processing of large genomes. Comparing the annotated genomes of rice (Oryza sativa) and Brachipodium distachion we were able to reconstruct the correspondence between the chromosomes of the two genomes. We are also able to compare the genomes of human and chimpanzee within minutes and using the resources of a regular laptop. Using state-of-the-art data visualization technologies implemented in the javascript D3 package we provide novel interactive views of the alignments provided by our software.

This genomes aligner has been developed as part of the Next Generation Sequencing Experience Platform (NGSEP) is already available as open source software (http://ngsep.sf.net).
A Minkowski Type Trace Inequality and Strong Subadditivity of Quantum Entropy
Creators: name: Carlen, Eric A.
name: Lieb, Elliott H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 47A63, 15A90

description: We consider the following trace function on n-tuples of positive operators: Φ_p(A_1,A_2,...,A_n) = Trace (\sum_{j=1}^n A_j^p)^{1/p} and prove that it is jointly concave for 02, Φ_p is neither convex nor concave. We conjecture that Φ_p is convex for 1
description: 13 pages, plaintex, dedicated to M. Birman
In situ evidence of ion acceleration between consecutive reconnection jet fronts
Creators: name: Catapano, Filomena
name: Retino, Alessandro
name: Zimbardo, Gaetano
name: Alexandrova, Alexandra
name: Cohen, Ian J.
name: Turner, Drew L.
name: Contel, Olivier Le
name: Cozzani, Giulia
name: Perri, Silvia
name: Greco, Antonella
name: Breuillard, Hugo
name: Delcourt, Dominique
name: Mirioni, Laurent
name: Khotyaintsev, Yuri
name: Vaivads, Andris
name: Giles, Barbara L.
name: Mauk, Barry H.
name: Fuselier, Stephen A.
name: Torbert, Roy B.
name: Russell, Christopher T.
name: Lindqvist, Per A.
name: Ergun, Robert E.
name: Moore, Thomas
name: Burch, James L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Processes driven by unsteady reconnection can efficiently accelerate particles in many astrophysical plasmas. An example are the reconnection jet fronts in an outflow region. We present evidence of suprathermal ion acceleration between two consecutive reconnection jet fronts observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission in the terrestrial magnetotail. An earthward propagating jet is approached by a second faster jet. Between the jets, the thermal ions are mostly perpendicular to magnetic field, are trapped and are gradually accelerated in the parallel direction up to 150 keV. Observations suggest that ions are predominantly accelerated by a Fermi-like mechanism in the contracting magnetic bottle formed between the two jet fronts. The ion acceleration mechanism is presumably efficient in other environments where jet fronts produced by variable rates of reconnection are common and where the interaction of multiple jet fronts can also develop a turbulent environment, e.g. in stellar and solar eruptions.
Detecting doublets in single cell DNA-sequencing using deep learning
Creators: name: Sombeet Sahu
name: Manimozhi Manivannan
name: Wang, Shu
name: Kim, Dong
name: Sciambi, Adam
name: Nianzhen Li
name: Beard, Nigel
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2019

description: Background
Single-cell sequencing has the potential to provide unique insights on the cellular and genetic composition, drivers, and signatures of cancer at unparalleled sensitivity. Single-cell DNA sequencing has recently gained traction due to technologies like Tapestri Single-Cell DNA platform. Tapestri is a high-throughput single-cell DNA analysis platform that leverages droplet microfluidics and a multiplex-PCR based targeted DNA sequencing approach. Often times in droplet-based protocols, cell doublet is an issue where two cells get captured in the same droplet and result in spurious signals. This doublet rate is usually proportional to the total number of cells to the bead ratio. Hence many technologies try to keep this ratio low thereby inhibiting their ability to interrogate a higher number of cells. Also, signals from such droplets contribute to false positives in genotyping because reads from the doublets are misinterpreted as reads from a single cell. To address both these issues, we present for the first time a doublet identification tool based on deep neural networks.

Methods
We processed 60 samples that are cell line mixtures of Raji and K562 titrated at 50% each via Tapestri platform. We used 4 known loci that are genotypically distinct between the two cell lines to assign each cell to K562, RAJI or a doublet. We also used fluorescent images of cells to confirm the doublet rate. This data is used as ground truth for our classifier.
We train our neural networks on a binary classification label using the ground truth on the amplicon-cell read distribution matrix. We set up a densely connected neural network classifier using tensorflow. The number of hidden layers in the classifier is equal to the number of amplicons in the targeted panel. Since our amplicon performance is based on amplicon competition in a single droplet we use a dense network instead of a convolution layer. We split the data from the 60 samples into training and test datasets. We train and test separately on multiple replicates of experiments.
The hyperparameters were further optimized for low and high performing amplicons since the distribution of reads were noisier for low performing amplicons. To further improve accuracy we introduced artificial doublet by randomly sampling barcodes without replacement from the pool and adding to the pool.

Results
Preliminary results from this method look promising. We were able to detect ~97% of doublets confirmed by ground truth and remove them from downstream processing thereby reducing false positive clones. Introduction of artificial doublet also improved the accuracy of estimation. Further training of the neural network with more cells and hyper-parameter optimization is needed to improve accuracy.
Additional file 5 of Assessment of midwifery care providers intrapartum care competencies, in four sub-Saharan countries: a mixed-method study protocol
Creators: name: Ann-Beth Moller
name: Welsh, Joanne
name: Gross, Mechthild M.
name: Petzold, Max
name: Ayebare, Elizabeth
name: Chipeta, Effie
name: Hounkpatin, Hashim
name: Kandeya, Bianca
name: Mwilike, Beatrice
name: Sognonvi, Antoinette
name: Hanson, Claudia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 5: Skills drills checklist.
A Survey of H-index, Stress, Tenure & Reference Management software use in Academia
Creators: name: Berengueres, Jose
name: Nesterov, Pavel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We describe the findings of a survey that covered the topics of stress, citation tool use habits, subjective happiness, h-index, research topic and tenure among a sample of 2286 authors of arxiv.org. Ph.D. students report the lowest subjective happiness score among all faculty roles, while tenured faculty report the highest. Tenured faculty report the lowest levels of stress. Undergraduate and graduate students report the highest levels of stress. Non-tenured faculty report stress similar to postdocs. No association between citation management tool usage and h-index was found. The average age at tenure start is 34.9 years. In addition, no significant association between stress levels and the research topic was found
description: IEEE Bigdata2020
Matrix Product Wave Function of the Ground State and Elementary Excitation in the Spin-1/2 Chain
Creators: name: Kim, Jintae
name: Kim, Minsoo
name: Padmanabhan, Pramod
name: Han, Jung Hoon
name: Lee, Hyun-Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a variational matrix product state (vMPS) for the ground state of the spin-1/2 Heisenberg model. The MPS effectively organizes the various dimer configurations, in faithful reflection of the resonating valence bond (RVB) picture of the spin liquid, with the energy only 0.024% higher than the exact value given by Bethe ansatz. Building on the ground-state vMPS, the one-spin wave function is constructed in a simple manner with the dispersion that matches well with the exact spectrum. The vMPS scheme is applied to the family of Hamiltonian extrapolating between the Heisenberg model and the Majumdar-Ghosh model.
description: 6 pages including supplementary material, 3 figures
Additional file 1 of Factor structure and short version of the modified Fresno test to assess the use of the evidence-based practice in physiotherapists
Creators: name: Silva, Anderson Martins Da
name: Rosimeire Simprini Padula
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1.
Measurements of C_x and C_z for K^+Lambda and K^+Sigma^o Photoproduction
Creators: name: Bradford, Robert
name: Schumacher, Reinhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The CLAS collaboration has recently completed first measurements of the double polarization observables C_x and C_z for the reactions K^+Lambda and K^+Sigma^o photoproduction. C_x and C_z are the beam-recoil polarization asymmetries measuring the polarization transfer from incoming circularly polarized photons to the outgoing hyperons along two directions in the reaction's production plane. The Lambda is found to be nearly maximally polarized along the direction of the incident photon's polarization for forward-going kaons. Polarization transfer to the Sigma^o is different from the Lambda case.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, proceedings from Nstar2005 conference
Density-functional theory for the pairing Hamiltonian
Creators: name: Papenbrock, T.
name: Bhattacharyya, Anirban
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the pairing Hamiltonian and systematically construct its density functional in the strong-coupling limit and in the limit of large particle number. In the former limit, the functional is an expansion into central moments of occupation numbers. In the latter limit, the functional is known from BCS theory. Both functionals are nonlocal in structure, and the nonlocalities are in the form of simple products of local functionals. We also derive the relation between the occupation numbers and the Kohn-Sham density.
description: 7 pages
Biosystematics of the endemic Hawaiian species of Lysimachia (Primulaceae)
Creators: name: Marr, Kendrick Lloyd
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The endemic Hawaiian species of Lysimachia were examined using a combination of analyses of metric and non—metric morphological characters, allozyme variaton and crossing studies. The purpose was to produce a taxonomic revision and to investigate the degree of genetic divergence and type of reproductive isolation that has accompanied speciation. Principal components analysis of metric characters produced an ordination of OTU’s, that was used as a first step toward understanding the range of variation. However, greater reliance was placed on non—metric characters for the taxonomic revision. Sixteen species and four subspecies, including three previously undescribed species are now recognized. Allozyme variation was analyzed in 15 taxa from 48 populations. Genetic identities ranged from 0.71-1.00, indicating high genetic similarity and supporting the hypothesis of a monophyletic origin. These values are intermediate to those of other insular genera. There is a low correlation between morphological variation and allozyme variation. Total genetic diversity, Ht, within species, ranges from 0.02-0.22. Genetic diversity within populations does not decrease in an entirely linear manner from the oldest to the youngest island. However, there is a step—wise decrease in genetic diversity among taxa within an island from the oldest through to the youngest island. All interspecific crosses that were attempted produced fertile seeds. Pollen stainability was quite variable in all species and in the F1 hybrids of most species pairs. The reduced stainability of the parents involved in the crosses makes it difficult to interpret the significance of reduced stainability of some hybrids. Approximately 80% of self pollinations within flowers failed. This appears to be due to protogyny, not to self-incompatibility. Adaptive radiation in Lysimachia has resulted in species that have diverged in corolla pigmentation, leaf size and shape, and ecological preferences. Speciation has occurred without the types of divergence between species that often accompanies speciation on continents, i.e., internal, post- zygotic barriers to reproduction and low genetic identities. This pattern of morphological and genetic variation is similar to that seen in other insular groups.
Additional file 1 of Targeting hydroxycinnamoyl CoA: shikimate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase for lignin modification in Brachypodium distachyon
Creators: name: Serrani-Yarce, Juan Carlos
name: Escamilla-Trevino, Luis
name: Barros, Jaime
name: Gallego-Giraldo, Lina
name: Yunqiao Pu
name: Ragauskas, Art
name: Dixon, Richard A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. HCT reactions in crude protein extracts and expression of recombinant HCTs in E. coli. Figure S2. Phylogenetic and structural analysis of the BAHD family of plant acyltransferases. Figure S3. Lignin deposition and organ-specific expression of HCT in wild-type B. distachyon. Figure S4. Construction of RNAi vectors for down-regulation of Brachypodium HCT genes. Figure S5. HCT1 and HCT2 transcripts in T0 transgenic plants in which HCT1 had been targeted by RNA interference. Figure S6. Lignin content and composition in T2 generation B. distachyon lines downregulated in HCT1 or HCT1 and HCT2. Figure S7. Determination of lignin molecular weight by gel-permeation chromatography. Table S1. Lignin content and composition of internodes 5 and 8 of B. distachyon stems harvested at 45 days after germination. Table S2. Individual S:G and H:total lignin monomer ratios of both single and double B. distachyon HCT-RNAi lines from T0 and T1 generations. Table S3. Lignin composition and linkage types as determined by NMR analysis. Table S4. Primers used in the present work.
Fidelity, dynamic structure factor, and susceptibility in critical phenomena
Creators: name: You, Wen-Long
name: Li, Ying-Wai
name: Gu, Shi-Jian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the growing importance of fidelity in quantum critical phenomena, we establish a general relation between fidelity and structure factor of the driving term in a Hamiltonian through a newly introduced concept: fidelity susceptibility. Our discovery, as shown by some examples, facilitates the evaluation of fidelity in terms of susceptibility using well developed techniques such as density matrix renormalization group for the ground state, or Monte Carlo simulations for the states in thermal equilibrium.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, final version accepted by PRE