cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Analytical Tools for Studying Demand and Price Structures
Creators: name: Foote, Richard J.
name: Foote, Richard J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1958
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Excerpt from the report Preface: Considerable progress has been made in recent years in developing methods to he used in analyzing the factors that affect prices and consumption of individual commodities and in studying their demand and price structures. This handbook discusses certain methods which appear to be of value for this purpose. Some of them are relatively standardized; others were developed only recently. These latter have been applied in only a few cases. In most instances, examples are included which indicate specific ways in which these techniques can be used.
description: Some of this material was included in Agriculture Handbook No. 61 entitled "Analytical Tools for Measuring Demand" by Richard J. Foote and Karl A. Fox, published in 1954. This handbook supersedes Handbook 64.
Automorphism groups of polycyclic-by-finite groups and arithmetic groups
Creators: name: Baues, Oliver
name: Grunewald, Fritz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F28, 20G30 (Primary) 11F06, 14L27, 20F16, 20F34, 22E40, 55P10 (Secondary)

description: We show that the outer automorphism group of a polycyclic-by-finite group is an arithmetic group. This result follows from a detailed structural analysis of the automorphism groups of such groups. We use an extended version of the theory of the algebraic hull functor initiated by Mostow. We thus make applicable refined methods from the theory of algebraic and arithmetic groups. We also construct examples of polycyclic-by-finite groups which have an automorphism group which does not contain an arithmetic group of finite index. Finally we discuss applications of our results to the groups of homotopy self-equivalences of K(Γ, 1)-spaces and obtain an extension of arithmeticity results of Sullivan in rational homotopy theory.
Numerical study of the temperature and porosity effects on the fracture propagation in a 2D network of elastic bonds
Creators: name: Auradou, Harold
name: Zei, Maria
name: Bouchaud, Elisabeth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article reports results concerning the fracture of a 2d triangular lattice of atoms linked by springs. The lattice is submitted to controlled strain tests and the influence of both porosity and temperature on failure is investigated. The porosity is found on one hand to decrease the stiffness of the material but on the other hand it increases the deformation sustained prior to failure. Temperature is shown to control the ductility due to the presence of cavities that grow and merge. The rough surfaces resulting from the propagation of the crack exhibit self-affine properties with a roughness exponent $ζ= 0.59 \pm 0.07$ over a range of length scales which increases with temperature. Large cavities also have rough walls which are found to be fractal with a dimension, $D$, which evolves with the distance from the crack tip. For large distances, $D$ is found to be close to 1.5, and close to 1.0 for cavities just before their coalescence with the main crack.
Binding of thermalized and active membrane curvature-inducing proteins
Creators: name: Goutaland, Quentin
name: van Wijland, Frédéric
name: Fournier, Jean-Baptiste
name: Noguchi, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Membrane phase behavior induced by the binding of curvature-inducing proteins is studied by a combination of analytical and numerical approaches. In thermal equilibrium under the detailed balance between binding and unbinding, the membrane exhibits three phases: an unbound uniform flat phase (U), a bound uniform flat phase (B), and a separated/corrugated phase (SC). In the SC phase, the bound proteins form hexagonally-ordered bowl-shaped domains. The transitions between the U and SC phases and between the B and SC phases are second order and first order, respectively. At a small spontaneous curvature of the protein or high surface tension, the transition between B and SC phases becomes continuous. Moreover, a first-order transition between the U and B phases is found at zero spontaneous curvature driven by the Casimir-like interactions between rigid proteins. Furthermore, nonequilibrium dynamics is investigated by the addition of active binding and unbinding at a constant rate. The active binding and unbinding processes alter the stability of the SC phase.
description: 14 pages, 15 figures
On Landau's prediction for large-scale fluctuation of turbulence energy dissipation
Creators: name: Mouri, H.
name: Takaoka, M.
name: Hori, A.
name: Kawashima, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Kolmogorov's theory for turbulence in 1941 is based on a hypothesis that small-scale statistics are uniquely determined by the kinematic viscosity and the mean rate of energy dissipation. Landau remarked that the local rate of energy dissipation should fluctuate in space over large scales and hence should affect small-scale statistics. Experimentally, we confirm the significance of this large-scale fluctuation, which is comparable to the mean rate of energy dissipation at the typical scale for energy-containing eddies. The significance is independent of the Reynolds number and the configuration for turbulence production. With an increase of scale r above the scale of largest energy-containing eddies, the fluctuation becomes to have the scaling r^-1/2 and becomes close to Gaussian. We also confirm that the large-scale fluctuation affects small-scale statistics.
description: 9 pages, accepted by Physics of Fluids (see http://pof.aip.org)
Discovery of magnetic fields in central stars of planetary nebulae
Creators: name: Jordan, Stefan
name: Werner, Klaus
name: O'Toole, Simon J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For the first time we have directly detected magnetic fields in central stars of planetary nebulae by means of spectro-polarimetry with FORS1 at the VLT. In all four objects of our sample we found kilogauss magnetic fields, in NGC1360 and LSS1362 with very high significance, while in EGB5 and Abell36 the existence of a magnetic field is probable but with less certainty. This discovery supports the hypothesis that the non-spherical symmetry of most planetary nebulae is caused by magnetic fields in AGB stars. Our high discovery rate demands mechanisms to prevent full conservation of magnetic flux during the transition to white dwarfs.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, Accepted for Publication by Astronomy & Astrophysics See also press release by A&A on their homepage www.edpsiences.org
Supersymmetric Contributions to Bs->K+K-
Creators: name: Baek, Seungwon
name: London, David
name: Matias, Joaquim
name: Virto, Javier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inspired by the existing calculation of B->piK decays in supersymmetry (SUSY), we evaluate the dominant SUSY contributions to Bs->K+K-. We show that the observables of this process can be significantly modified in the presence of SUSY. In particular, the branching ratio can be increased considerably compared to the prediction of the standard model (SM). The effect is even more dramatic for the CP-violating asymmetries A_dir and A_mix. These asymmetries, expected to be small in the SM (A_dir is predicted to take only positive values), change drastically with SUSY contributions. The measurement of these observables can therefore be used to detect the presence of physics beyond the SM, and put constraints on its parameters.
description: 17 pages, 2 figures. This new version contains one added reference and some minor style changes
Error bounds and convergence for American put option pricing based on translation-invariant Markov chains
Creators: name: Herzberg, Frederik S
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Consider a discrete finite-dimensional, Markovian market model. In this setting, discretely sampled American options can be priced using the so-called ``non-recombining'' tree algorithm. By successively increasing the number of exercise times, the American option price itself can be computed; for combinatorial reasons, we shall consider a recursive algorithm that doubles the number of exercise times at each recursion step. First we prove, by elementary arguments, error bounds for the first order differences in this recursive algorithm. From this, bounds on the higher order differences can be obtained using combinatorial arguments that are motivated by the theory of rough paths. We shall obtain an explicit $L^1(C)$ convergence estimate for the recursive algorithm that prices a discretely sampled American $\max$-put option (on a basket of size $d$) at each recursion step, $C$ belonging to a certain class of compact subset of $\RR^d$, in under the assumption of sufficiently small volatilities. In case $d=1$, $L^1(C)$-bounds for an even more natural choice of $C$ will be derived.
description: 30 pages; restructuring and minor corrections
Measurement of the Higgs Boson Mass with a Linear e+e- Collider
Creators: name: Garcia-Abia, P.
name: Lohmann, W.
name: Raspereza, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The potential of a linear e+e- collider operated at a centre-of-mass energy of 350 GeV is studied for the measurement of the Higgs boson mass. An integrated luminosity of 500 fb-1 is assumed. For Higgs boson masses of 120, 150 and 180 GeV the uncertainty on the Higgs boson mass measurement is estimated to be 40, 65 and 70 MeV, respectively. The effects of beam related systematics, namely a bias in the beam energy measurement, the beam energy spread and the luminosity spectrum due to beamstrahlung, on the precision of the Higgs boson mass measurement are investigated. In order to keep the systematic uncertainty on the Higgs boson mass well below the level of the statistical error, the beam energy measurement must be controlled with a relative precision better than 10-4.
description: 19 pages, 10 Figures
Reversible quantum measurement with arbitrary spins
Creators: name: Terashima, Hiroaki
name: Ueda, Masahito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a physically reversible quantum measurement of an arbitrary spin-s system using a spin-j probe via an Ising interaction. In the case of a spin-1/2 system (s=1/2), we explicitly construct a reversing measurement and evaluate the degree of reversibility in terms of fidelity. The recovery of the measured state is pronounced when the probe has a high spin (j>1/2), because the fidelity changes drastically during the reversible measurement and the reversing measurement. We also show that the reversing measurement scheme for a spin-1/2 system can serve as an experimentally feasible approximate reversing measurement for a high-spin system (s>1/2). If the interaction is sufficiently weak, the reversing measurement can recover a cat state almost deterministically in spite of there being a large fidelity change.
description: 35 pages, 11 figures, Sec. 3.2 is added
Global Public Goods: The Case for the Global Earth Observation System of Systems
Creators: name: Machoň, Miloslav
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 140199 Economic Theory not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The debate surrounding the provision of welfare by state institutions has been widely discussed in the field of political economics since the 1930s. Related research also focuses on welfare supply at an international system level. This article assesses whether international cooperation in the area of sharing remote sensing data leads to the supply of global public goods, which to date has not yet been discussed in related scholarly literature. The supply of global public goods is assessed within the GEO international regime and leads to the use of the non-rivalrous GEOSS, which can be accessed by every socio-economic group in every UN member country including future generations. However, providing the benefit of GEOSS is not always favourable because of the low number of financially participating consumers.
String triality, black hole entropy and Cayley's hyperdeterminant
Creators: name: Duff, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The four-dimensional N=2 STU model of string compactification is invariant under an SL(2,Z)_S x SL(2,Z)_T x SL(2,Z)_U duality acting on the dilaton/axion S, complex Kahler form T and the complex structure fields U, and also under a string/string/string triality S-T-U. The model admits an extremal black hole solution with four electric and four magnetic charges whose entropy must respect these symmetries. It is given by the square root of the hyperdeterminant introduced by Cayley in 1845. This also features in three-qubit quantum entanglement.
description: Minor improvements. 9 pages latex
Bayesian Nonparametric Monotone Regression
Creators: name: Wilson, Ander
name: Tryner, Jessica
name: L'Orange, Christian
name: Volckens, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In many applications there is interest in estimating the relation between a predictor and an outcome when the relation is known to be monotone or otherwise constrained due to the physical processes involved. We consider one such application--inferring time-resolved aerosol concentration from a low-cost differential pressure sensor. The objective is to estimate a monotone function and make inference on the scaled first derivative of the function. We proposed Bayesian nonparametric monotone regression which uses a Bernstein polynomial basis to construct the regression function and puts a Dirichlet process prior on the regression coefficients. The base measure of the Dirichlet process is a finite mixture of a mass point at zero and a truncated normal. This construction imposes monotonicity while clustering the basis functions. Clustering the basis functions reduces the parameter space and allows the estimated regression function to be linear. With the proposed approach we can make closed-formed inference on the derivative of the estimated function including full quantification of uncertainty. In a simulation study the proposed method performs similar to other monotone regression approaches when the true function is wavy but performs better when the true function is linear. We apply the method to estimate time-resolved aerosol concentration with a newly-developed portable aerosol monitor. The R package bnmr is made available to implement the method.
Families of n-gonal curves with maximal variation of moduli
Creators: name: Gorchinskiy, Sergey
name: Viviani, Filippo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14-xx

description: We study families of n-gonal curves with maximal variation of moduli, which have a rational section. Certain numerical results on the degree of the modular map are obtained for such families of hyperelliptic and trigonal curves. In the last case we use the description of the relative Picard group of the universal family of trigonal curves.
description: 16 pages. Some modifications on the third section. References added
Privacy and Data Balkanization: Circumventing the Barriers
Creators: name: Huberman, Bernardo A.
name: Hogg, Tad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The rapid growth in digital data forms the basis for a wide range of new services and research, e.g, large-scale medical studies. At the same time, increasingly restrictive privacy concerns and laws are leading to significant overhead in arranging for sharing or combining different data sets to obtain these benefits. For new applications, where the benefit of combined data is not yet clear, this overhead can inhibit organizations from even trying to determine whether they can mutually benefit from sharing their data. In this paper, we discuss techniques to overcome this difficulty by employing private information transfer to determine whether there is a benefit from sharing data, and whether there is room to negotiate acceptable prices. These techniques involve cryptographic protocols. While currently considered secure, these protocols are potentially vulnerable to the development of quantum technology, particularly for ensuring privacy over significant periods of time into the future. To mitigate this concern, we describe how developments in practical quantum technology can improve the security of these protocols.
Short Range Correlations and Spectral Functions in Asymmetric Nuclear Matter
Creators: name: Konrad, P.
name: Lenske, H.
name: Mosel, U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamical correlations in asymmetric infinite nuclear matter are investigates in a transport theoretical approach. Self-energies due to short range correlations and their influence on the nucleon spectral functions are described in an approach accounting for a realistic treatment of mean-field dynamics and a self-consistently derived quasi-particle interaction. Landau-Migdal theory is used to derived the short range interaction from a phenomenological Skyrme energy density functional. The spectral functions in asymmetric nuclear matter are found to follow in their gross features closely the patterns observed previously in symmetric nuclear matter. An interesting sensitivity of dynamical self-energies and spectral functions on the momentum structure of the underlying interactions is found.
description: 17 pages, 9 figures
Counting Stationary Points of Random Landscapes as a Random Matrix Problem
Creators: name: Fyodorov, Yan V
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Finding the mean of the total number of stationary points for N-dimensional random Gaussian landscapes can be reduced to averaging the absolute value of characteristic polynomial of the corresponding Hessian. First such a reduction is illustrated for a class of models describing energy landscapes of elastic manifolds in random environment, and a general method of attacking the problem analytically is suggested. Then the exact solution to the problem [Phys. Rev. Lett. v.92 (2004) 240601] for a class of landscapes corresponding to the simplest, yet nontrivial "toy model" with N degrees of freedom is described. Asymptotic analysis reveals a phase transition to a glass-like state of the matter.
description: Presentation at "Applications of Random Matrices to Economy and Other Complex Systems", May 26-28, 2005, Krakow
SOCIO-ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS IN SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA
Creators: name: Kimhi, Ayal
name: Kimhi, Ayal
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Health Economics and Policy

description: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the dependence of health and physical fitness indicators on the socio-economic situation of rural families in Southern Ethiopia, with particular emphasis on the role of inequality. The literature shows mixed results about the effect of inequality on health, and this paper contributes in several ways: it compares the results of objective and subjective health measures, it distinguishes between wealth inequality and nutrition inequality, and it evaluates the impact of nutrition inequality both at the village level and at the household level. The subjective health measures are morbidity (the number of days respondents were ill during the last month) and physical fitness (their ability to walk distances, carry heavy loads, and work in the field). The objective health measure is Body Mass Index (BMI). We found that many effects of explanatory variables were significant in some of the equations but not in all of them. In some cases we even obtained contradictory significant effects. This emphasizes the need not to rely on a single health measure. The results indicate that literacy is negatively associated with morbidity. Per-capita wealth is positively associated with BMI. Availability of satisfactory health facilities is associated positively with physical fitness and negatively with morbidity. Per-capita wealth inequality is associated positively with morbidity and negatively with BMI. Within-household nutrition inequality seems to have a complex association with health: the association is negative with BMI and positive with physical fitness, but only for household members whose nutritional status is above the household mean. While these results should be examined more carefully with regard to possible endogeneity of some of the determinants, they do indicate several variables with a positive association with health and physical fitness. These include literacy, wealth and satisfactory health facilities. The role of inequality is less clear, and certainly deserves further analyses at both the theoretical and empirical levels.
State-dependent impedance of a strongly coupled oscillator-qubit system
Creators: name: Ojanen, Teemu
name: Heikkila, Tero T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the measurements of two-state quantum systems (qubits) at finite temperatures using a resonant harmonic oscillator as a quantum probe. The reduced density matrix and oscillator correlators are calculated by a scheme combining numerical methods with an analytical perturbation theory. Correlators provide us information about the system impedance, which depends on the qubit state. We show in detail how this property can be exploited in the qubit measurement.
description: 8 pages, 16 images
Poincare biextension and ideles on the algebraic curve
Creators: name: Gorchinskiy, Sergey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14-xx, 14Gxx

description: Arbarello, de Concini, and Kac have constructed a central extension of the ideles group on a smooth projective algebraic curve. We show a relation of this central extension with the theta-bundle and the Poincare biextension of the Jacobian of the curve. As an application we get a new proof of the adelic formula for the Weil pairing.
description: 10 pages; this is a shortened and a clearer version of the previous text; some references added
Wireless Power Transfer Under Kullback-Leibler Distribution Uncertainty: A Mathematical Framework
Creators: name: Krikidis, Ioannis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this letter, we study the performance of a wireless power transfer system under energy harvesting distribution uncertainty. The uncertainty captures practical nonidealities of the rectification process and is modelled as the maximum Kullback-Leibler distance of the actual distribution from a nominal distribution. The case where symmetrized divergence is considered for the statistical distance between distributions is also considered. By formulating a convex optimization problem, we investigate a mathematical framework that provides closed form expressions for the minimum average harvested energy (the worst performance) and the associated statistical distribution. Theoretical results show that the energy harvesting performance is significantly degraded as the level of the uncertainty increases.
Probing the muon g-2 anomaly with the Higgs boson at a Muon Collider
Creators: name: Buttazzo, Dario
name: Paradisi, Paride
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We point out that heavy new physics contributions in leptonic dipole moments and high-energy cross-sections of lepton pairs into Higgs bosons and photons are connected model-independently. In particular, we demonstrate that a muon collider, running at center-of-mass energies of several TeV, can provide a unique test of new physics in the muon g-2 through the study of high-energy processes such as mu+ mu- -> h gamma. This high-energy test would be of the utmost importance to shed light on the long-standing muon g-2 anomaly as it is not affected by the hadronic and experimental uncertainties entering the current low-energy determination of the muon g-2. Furthermore, we show that the current bound on the muon electric dipole moment can be improved by three orders of magnitude, down to few x 10^-22 e cm.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures. v3: published version
WELFARE MEASUREMENT UNDER THREATS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CATASTROPHES
Creators: name: Tsur, Yacov
name: Zemel, Amos
name: Tsur, Yacov
name: Zemel, Amos
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: green NNP
subject: environmental catastrophes
subject: hazard rate
subject: uncertainty

description: Welfare measures under threats of environmental catastrophes are studied using the "parable" apparatus of Weitzman and Lofgren [22]. The occurrence probability of the catastrophic event is driven (at least partly) by anthropogenic activities such as natural resource exploitation. Without external effects, the green NNP is a genuine welfare measure vis-à-vis a particular parable economy. Often, however, the occurrence hazard constitutes a public bad, treated as an externality by agents who ignore their own contribution to its accumulation. In such cases the green NNP, although accounting for the event hazard rate per se, fails to properly internalize future effects on the hazard rate of current economic activities and as a result overestimates welfare. The bias term associated with the green NNP is derived and expressed in a simply and interpretable form.
Drift of particles in self-similar systems and its Liouvillian interpretation
Creators: name: Barra, Felipe
name: Gilbert, Thomas
name: Romo, Mauricio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dynamics of classical particles in different classes of spatially extended self-similar systems, consisting of (i) a self-similar Lorentz billiard channel, (ii) a self-similar graph, and (iii) a master equation. In all three systems the particles typically drift at constant velocity and spread ballistically. These transport properties are analyzed in terms of the spectral properties of the operator evolving the probability densities. For systems (i) and (ii), we explain the drift from the properties of the Pollicott-Ruelle resonance spectrum and corresponding eigenvectors
description: To appear in Phys. Rev. E
Hydration free energies from kernel-based machine learning: Compound-database bias
Creators: name: Rauer, Clemens
name: Bereau, Tristan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the prediction of a basic thermodynamic property---hydration free energies---across a large subset of the chemical space of small organic molecules. Our in silico study is based on computer simulations at the atomistic level with implicit solvent. We report on a kernel-based machine learning approach that is inspired by recent work in learning electronic properties, but differs in key aspects: The representation is averaged over several conformers to account for the statistical ensemble. We also include an atomic-decomposition ansatz, which we show offers significant added transferability compared to molecular learning. Finally, we explore the existence of severe biases from databases of experimental compounds. By performing a combination of dimensionality reduction and cross-learning models, we show that the rate of learning depends significantly on the breadth and variety of the training dataset. Our study highlights the dangers of fitting machine-learning models to databases of narrow chemical range.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
Contention in Rural China: The Role of Wealth Disparity and Disruption in Determining Protest Success
Creators: name: Loeb, Jeffrey Nides
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2009
Subjects: China
Rural Protest
Contention
Social Movement

description: Why do some episodes of protest in rural China succeed while others fail? Many scholars have offered explanations to address this question, but most do not go far enough in incorporating the role of economic wealth and disruptive tactics. I consider the role regional economic disparities and disruption play in determining protest success by analyzing twenty-two cases of rural protest. In this study, I define three regions of economic wealth in China and analyze the relationship between economic wealth, disruptive tactics and protest success. What this study reveals is that bargaining can serve as a mediating factor between economic wealth, disruption and protest success. This analysis provides a clearer picture of how peasants in rural China are finding ways to make their voices heard vis-à-vis the government.
Density Dependent Parametrization Models: Formalism and Applications
Creators: name: Avancini, S. S.
name: Menezes, D. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we derive a formalism to incorporate asymmetry and temperature effects in the Brown-Rho (BR) scaled lagrangian model in a mean field theory. The lagrangian density discussed in this work requires less parameters than the usual models with density dependent couplings. We also present the formalism with the inclusion of the eight lightest baryons, two lightest leptons, beta equilibrium and charge neutrality in order to apply the BR scaled model to the study of neutron stars. The results are again compared with the ones obtained from another density dependent parametrization model. The role played by the rearrangement term at T=0 for nuclear or neutron star matter and at finite temperature is investigated. The BR scaled model is shown to be a good tool in studies involving density dependent effective masses and in astrophysics applications.
description: 23 pages, 10 figures
Topological defects, pattern evolution, and hysteresis in thin magnetic films
Creators: name: Prudkovskii, P. A.
name: Rubtsov, A. N.
name: Katsnelson, M. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nature of the magnetic hysteresis for thin films is studied by the Monte-Carlo simulations. It is shown that a reconstruction of the magnetization pattern with external field occurs via the creation of vortex-antivortex pairs of a special kind at the boundaries of stripe domains. It is demonstrated that the symmetry of order parameter is of primary importance for this problem, in particular, the in-plane magnetic anisotropy is necessary for the hysteresis.
description: Accepted to EPL; 7 pages, 3 color figures
FARM WORK, OFF-FARM WORK, AND HIRED FARM LABOR: ESTIMATING A DISCRETE-CHOICE MODEL OF FRENCH FARM COUPLES' LABOR DECISIONS
Creators: name: Benjamin, Catherine
name: Kimhi, Ayal
name: Benjamin, Catherine
name: Kimhi, Ayal
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Farm Management
Labor and Human Capital

description: We estimate jointly three types of discrete-choice labor decisions of farm couples: farm work, off-farm work, and hired farm labor. Using a 16-choice multinomial logit model, we find that operators' and spouses' farm labor are substitutes. Hired farm labor increases with farmers' qualifications, perhaps substituting for the couples' labor inputs. Other adults in the households substitute for the farm labor input of the farm couple and hired workers.
Symmetry induced phonon renormalization in few layers of 2H-MoTe$_2$ transistors: Raman and first-principles studies
Creators: name: Das, Subhadip
name: Debnath, Koyendrila
name: Chakraborty, Biswanath
name: Singh, Anjali
name: Grover, Shivani
name: Muthu, D. V. S.
name: Waghmare, U. V.
name: Sood, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding of electron-phonon coupling (EPC) in two dimensional (2D) materials manifesting as phonon renormalization is essential to their possible applications in nanoelectronics. Here we report in-situ Raman measurements of electrochemically top-gated 2, 3 and 7 layered 2H-MoTe$ _{2} $ channel based field-effect transistors (FETs). While the E$ ^{1}_{2g} $ and B$ _{2g} $ phonon modes exhibit frequency softening and linewidth broadening with hole doping concentration (\textit{p}) up to $\sim$ 2.3 $\times$10$ ^{13} $/cm$ ^{2} $, A$ _{1g}$ shows relatively small frequency hardening and linewidth sharpening. The dependence of frequency renormalization of the E$ ^{1}_{2g} $ mode on the number of layers in these 2D crystals confirms that hole doping occurs primarily in the top two layers, in agreement with recent predictions. We present first-principles density functional theory (DFT) analysis of bilayer MoTe$ _{2} $ that qualitatively captures our observations, and explain that a relatively stronger coupling of holes with E$ ^{1}_{2g} $ or B$ _{2g} $ modes as compared with the A$ _{1g} $ mode originates from the in-plane orbital character and symmetry of the states at valence band maximum (VBM). The contrast between the manifestation of EPC in monolayer MoS$ _{2} $ and those observed here in a few-layered MoTe$ _{2} $ demonstrates the role of the symmetry of phonons and electronic states in determining the EPC in these isostructural systems.
Improved Measurement of the Form Factors in the Decay Lambda_c^+ --> Lambda e^+ nu_e
Creators: name: Hinson, J. W.
name: Collaboration, CLEO
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the CLEO detector at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring, we have studied the distribution of kinematic variables in the decay Lambda_c^+ -> Lambda e^+ nu_e. By performing a four-dimensional maximum likelihood fit, we determine the form factor ratio, R = f_2/f_1 = -0.31 +/- 0.05(stat) +/- 0.04(syst), the pole mass, M_{pole} = (2.21 +/- 0.08(stat) +/- 0.14(syst)) GeV/c^2, and the decay asymmetry parameter of the Lambda_c, alpha_{Lambda_c} = -0.86 +/- 0.03(stat) +/- 0.02(syst), for = 0.67 (GeV/c^2)^2. We compare the angular distributions of the Lambda_c^+ and Lambda_c^- and find no evidence for CP-violation: A_{Lambda_c} = (alpha_{Lambda_c^+} + alpha_{Lambda_c^-})/ (alpha_{Lambda_c^+} - alpha_{Lambda_c^-}) = 0.00 +/- 0.03(stat) +/- 0.01(syst) +/- 0.02, where the third error is from the uncertainty in the world average of the CP-violating parameter, A_{Lambda}, for Lambda -> p pi^-.
description: 8 pages postscript,also available through http://www.lns.cornell.edu/public/CLNS/2004/, submitted to PRL
Cluster-correlation expansion for studying decoherence of clock transitions in spin baths
Creators: name: Zhang, Geng-Li
name: Ma, Wen-Long
name: Liu, Ren-Bao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The clock transitions (CTs) of central spins have long coherence times because their frequency fluctuations vanish in the linear order of external field noise (such as Overhauser fields from nuclear spin baths). Therefore, CTs are useful for quantum technologies. Also, the quadratic dependence of frequencies on noises makes the CT decoherence an interesting physics problem. Thus we are motivated to study the decoherence of CTs. We consider noise from spin baths, which is one of the most relevant mechanisms of qubit decoherence. Various quantum many-body methods have been developed to study the decoherence of a central spin in spin baths. In particular, the cluster-correlation expansion (CCE) systematically accounts for the many-body correlations that cause the central spin decoherence. However, the CCE can not be straightforwardly applied to CTs in spin baths, for the expansion may fail to converge due to the effective long-range interactions resulting from the quadratic term of the noise (e.g., the second-order interaction mediated by hyperfine interactions for a nuclear spin bath). In this work, we develop a modified CCE method to tackle this class of decoherence problems. By diagonalizing the central spin Hamiltonian for each bath eigenstate of the hyperfine interaction, we find that the effects of long-range interactions are absorbed as fluctuations of central spin eigenenergies in the form of single-spin correlations. We apply the method to two specific systems, namely, nitrogen vacancy center electron spins in near zero magnetic field and singlet-triplet transition of two electrons in a double quantum dot. The numerical simulation shows that the modified CCE converges rapidly for the CTs.
Conformal Properties and Baecklund Transform for the Associated Camassa-Holm Equation
Creators: name: Ivanov, Rossen I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Integrable equations exhibit interesting conformal properties and can be written in terms of the so-called conformal invariants. The most basic and important example is the KdV equation and the corresponding Schwarz-KdV equation. Other examples, including the Camassa-Holm equation and the associated Camassa-Holm equation are investigated in this paper. It is shown that the Baecklund transform is related to the conformal properties of these equations. Some particular solutions of the Associated Camassa-Holm Equation are discussed also.
description: 13 pages, 1 figure. Physics Letters A (accepted)
Spectral shape of the UV ionizing background and OVI absorbers at z ~ 1.5 towards HS0747+4259
Creators: name: Reimers, D.
name: Agafonova, I. I.
name: Levshakov, S. A.
name: Hagen, H. -J.
name: Fechner, C.
name: Tytler, D.
name: Kirkman, D.
name: Lopez, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on high resolution spectra of the bright QSO HS0747+4259 (zem = 1.90, V = 15.8) observed to search for intermediate redshift OVI absorption systems. The spectra were obtained by means of the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) at the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and the High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer (HIRES) at the W. M. Keck telescope. We identify 16 OVI systems in the range 1.07 <= z <= 1.87. Among them, six systems with zabs = 1.46-1.8 exhibit a sufficient number of lines of different ionic transitions to estimate the shape of the ionizing radiation field in the range 1 Ryd < E < 10 Ryd. All recovered UV ionizing spectra are characterized by the enhanced intensity at E > 3 Ryd compared to the model spectrum of Haardt and Madau (1996). This is in line with the observational evidence of a deficiency of strong Ly-alpha absorbers with N(HI) > 10^{15} cm^{-2}, at z < 2. The UV background shows significant local variations: the spectral shape estimated at z = 1.59 differs from that obtained at z = 1.81 and 1.73. A possible cause of these variations is the presence of a QSO/AGN at z ~= 1.54-1.59 close to the line of sight. No features favoring the input of stellar radiation to the ionizing background are detected, limiting the escape fraction of the galactic UV photons to f_esc < 0.05.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures, 5 tables; accepted for publication in A&A
Real Root Conjecture fails for five and higher dimensional spheres
Creators: name: Gal, Swiatoslaw R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F55

description: A construction of convex flag triangulations of five and higher dimensional spheres, whose h-polynomials fail to have only real roots, is given. We show that there is no such example in dimensions lower than five. A condition weaker than realrootedness is conjectured and some evidence is provided
description: 15 pages, 1 figure
Constraints on new interactions from neutron scattering experiments
Creators: name: Pokotilovski, Yu. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Constraints for the constants of hypothetical Yukawa-type corrections to the Newtonian gravitational potential are obtained from analysis of neutron scattering experiments. Restrictions are obtained for the interaction range between 10^{-12} and 10^{-7} cm, where Casimir force experiments and atomic force microscopy are not sensitive. Experimental limits are obtained also for non-electromagnetic inverse power law neutron-nucleus potential. Some possibilities are discussed to strengthen these constraints.
description: 18 pages, 3 figures
Coulomb Interactions and Ferromagnetism in Pure and Doped Graphene
Creators: name: Peres, N. M. R.
name: Guinea, F.
name: Neto, A. H. Castro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the presence of ferromagnetism in the phase diagram of the two-dimensional honeycomb lattice close to half-filling (graphene) as a function of the strength of the Coulomb interaction and doping. We show that exchange interactions between Dirac fermions can stabilize a ferromagnetic phase at low doping when the coupling is sufficiently large. In clean systems, the zero temperature phase diagram shows both first order and second order transition lines and two distinct ferromagnetic phases: one phase with only one type of carriers (either electrons or holes) and another with two types of carriers (electrons and holes). Using the coherent phase approximation (CPA) we argue that disorder further stabilizes the ferromagnetic phase.
description: 10 pages; published version
The Degree of Symmetry of Certain Compact Smooth Manifolds II
Creators: name: Xu, Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57S15 (Primary), 53C44 (Secondary)

description: In this paper, we give the sharp estimates for the degree of symmetry and the semi-simple degree of symmetry of certain four dimensional fiber bundles by virtue of the rigidity theorem of harmonic maps due to Schoen and Yau. As a corollary of this estimate, we compute the degree of symmetry and the semi-simple degree of symmetry of ${\Bbb C}P^2\times V$, where $V$ is closed smooth manifold admitting a real analytic Riemannian metric of non-positive curvature. In addition, by the Albanese map, we obtain the sharp estimate of the degree of symmetry of a compact smooth manifold with some restrictions on its one dimensional cohomology.
description: 11 pages, some misprints revised and some minor modifications to Remark 1.2 and Proof of Theorems 1.1 and 1.3 to make the paper more readable
Probing Fundamental Physics with Gravitational Waves: The Next Generation
Creators: name: Perkins, Scott E.
name: Yunes, Nicolás
name: Berti, Emanuele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational wave observations of compact binary mergers are already providing stringent tests of general relativity and constraints on modified gravity. Ground-based interferometric detectors will soon reach design sensitivity and they will be followed by third-generation upgrades, possibly operating in conjunction with space-based detectors. How will these improvements affect our ability to investigate fundamental physics with gravitational waves? The answer depends on the timeline for the sensitivity upgrades of the instruments, but also on astrophysical compact binary population uncertainties, which determine the number and signal-to-noise ratio of the observed sources. We consider several scenarios for the proposed timeline of detector upgrades and various astrophysical population models. Using a stacked Fisher matrix analysis of binary black hole merger observations, we thoroughly investigate future theory-agnostic bounds on modifications of general relativity, as well as bounds on specific theories. For theory-agnostic bounds, we find that ground-based observations of stellar-mass black holes and LISA observations of massive black holes can each lead to improvements of 2-4 orders of magnitude with respect to present gravitational wave constraints, while multiband observations can yield improvements of 1-6 orders of magnitude. We also clarify how the relation between theory-agnostic and theory-specific bounds depends on the source properties.
description: 45 pages, 28 figures, 7 tables. v3: matches version published in Physical Review D; v4: corrected an error in the parameter definitions on the bottom of page 11, corrected the units of several parameters in Table II, the caption of Table II, and in Fig. 11, and adjusted the labels of several figures in Sec. VIB to improve clarity
KNOWLEDGE SPILLOVER, LEARNING INCENTIVES AND ECONOMIC GROWTH
Creators: name: Tsur, Yacov
name: Zemel, Amos
name: Tsur, Yacov
name: Zemel, Amos
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: endogenous growth
subject: human capital
subject: knowledge spillover
subject: learning incentives
subject: linear taxes

description: Knowledge spillover implies that the social value of knowledge is higher than its private value and leads to insufficient private investment in human capital. This paper examines implications for economic growth and offers a remedy. An incentive mechanism that implements the socially optimal outcome is offered based on learning subsidy and flat income or consumption taxes (each levied at a different phase of the growth process). The scheme is self-financed in that the tax proceeds cover exactly the subsidy payments at each point of time.