cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Chiral Symmetry and the Cosmological Constant
Creators: name: Alexander, Stephon
name: Herczeg, Gabriel
name: Liu, Jinglong
name: McDonough, Evan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we provide a link between a nearly vanishing cosmological constant and chiral symmetry. This is accomplished with a modification of General Relativity coupled to a topological field theory, namely BF theory by introducing fermions charged under the BF theory gauge group. We find that the cosmological constant sources a chiral anomaly for the fermions, providing a `technical naturalness' explanation for the smallness of the observed cosmological constant. Applied to the early universe, we show that production of fermions during inflation can provide all the dark matter in the universe today, in the form of superheavy dark baryons.
description: 10 pages, some typographical errors corrected, results unchanged
Sensitivity limitations in optical speed meter topology of gravitational-wave antennae
Creators: name: Danilishin, S. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The possible design of QND gravitational-wave detector based on speed meter principle is considered with respect to optical losses. The detailed analysis of speed meter interferometer is performed and the ultimate sensitivity that can be achieved is calculated. It is shown that unlike the position meter signal-recycling can hardly be implemented in speed meter topology to replace the arm cavities as it is done in signal-recycled detectors, such as GEO 600. It is also shown that speed meter can beat the Standard Quantum Limit (SQL) by the factor of $\sim 3$ in relatively wide frequency band, and by the factor of $\sim 10$ in narrow band. For wide band detection speed meter requires quite reasonable amount of circulating power $\sim 1$ MW. The advantage of the considered scheme is that it can be implemented with minimal changes in the current optical layout of LIGO interferometer.
description: 20 pages, 12 figures
Far-forward neutrinos at the Large Hadron Collider
Creators: name: Bai, Weidong
name: Diwan, Milind
name: Garzelli, Maria Vittoria
name: Jeong, Yu Seon
name: Reno, Mary Hall
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new calculation of the energy distribution of high-energy neutrinos from the decay of charm and bottom hadrons produced at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In the kinematical region of very forward rapidities, heavy-flavor production and decay is a source of tau neutrinos that leads to thousands of { charged-current} tau neutrino events in a 1 m long, 1 m radius lead neutrino detector at a distance of 480 m from the interaction region. In our computation, next-to-leading order QCD radiative corrections are accounted for in the production cross-sections. Non-perturbative intrinsic-$k_T$ effects are approximated by a simple phenomenological model introducing a Gaussian $k_T$-smearing of the parton distribution functions, which might also mimic perturbative effects due to multiple initial-state soft-gluon emissions. The transition from partonic to hadronic states is described by phenomenological fragmentation functions. To study the effect of various input parameters, theoretical predictions for $D_s^\pm$ production are compared with LHCb data on double-differential cross-sections in transverse momentum and rapidity. The uncertainties related to the choice of the input parameter values, ultimately affecting the predictions of the tau neutrino event distributions, are discussed. We consider a 3+1 neutrino mixing scenario to illustrate the potential for a neutrino experiment to constrain the 3+1 parameter space using tau neutrinos and antineutrinos. We find large theoretical uncertainties in the predictions of the neutrino fluxes in the far-forward region. Untangling the effects of tau neutrino oscillations into sterile neutrinos and distinguishing a 3+1 scenario from the standard scenario with three active neutrino flavours, will be challenging due to the large theoretical uncertainties from QCD.
description: 39 pages, 16 figures
Hylaeus (Patagiata) cervinus
Creators: name: Özbek, Hikmet
name: Dathe, Holger H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Colletidae
Hylaeus
Hylaeus cervinus

description: Hylaeus (Patagiata) cervinus (WARNCKE, 1992)
 Prosopis (Prosopis) cervina WARNCKE, 1992: 794–795, .
Turkey: Horasan, Aras valley; Iran (?).
 Hylaeus (Hylaeus) cervinus (WARNCKE, 1992) – DATHE 2000:
172–173.
 Hylaeus (Patagiata) cervinus (WARNCKE, 1992) – ITIS (2020).
 Remarks: WARNCKE (1992) described H. cervinus from Erzurum (loc. typ.) and Kars. Later DATHE (2000) redescribed this species and added another specimen from Adana. Despite years of intensive collecting, this species unfortunately could not been found again in these provinces, or anywhere else in the country. However, based on the few available data, it cannot be said whether the species is threatened or extinct. From Turkey, it is only sparsely known (3 provinces).
 Distribution: Turkey: Adana, Erzurum, Kars (WARNCKE 1992; DATHE 2000: 172). The allocation of a single female from Iran to this taxon is questionable (WARNCKE 1992: 794).
description: Published as part of Özbek, Hikmet & Dathe, Holger H., 2020, The bees of the genus Hylaeus FABRICIUS, 1793 of Turkey, with keys to the subgenera and species (Hymenoptera: Anthophila, Colletidae), pp. 273-346 in Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 70 (2) on page 326, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.70.2.273-346, http://zenodo.org/record/5742898
Developmental differences in implicit and explicit memory performance
Creators: name: Perez-Bouchard, Lori
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 52
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
classificationCode: 5201
subject: Applied and developmental psychology

description: Cognitive theorists differentiate between two forms of memory. Explicit memory is demonstrated in tasks that require individuals to deliberately remember information that was studied during a prior learning episode. Implicit memory is demonstrated in tasks that do not require any reference to the prior learning episode; individuals are merely asked to perform a task that is sensitive to the effects of prior experience. The present study explored developmental differences in implicit and explicit memory test performance by using two different types of implicit and explicit memory tasks (perceptual and conceptual) and requiring two types of processing (again, perceptual and conceptual) during study. Performance of preschool children, elementary school students, and college students was compared on a series of implicit and explicit memory tasks. Performance on the explicit memory task that relied on conceptual processing showed the expected improvement across age groups. In contrast, performance on the explicit memory task that relied on perceptual processing as well as that on both types of implicit memory tasks showed no developmental change. Results from the two types of processing manipulations demonstrated that perceptual processing during study led to better memory performance than conceptual processing for both the implicit and explicit tasks that relied on perceptual processing. Conversely, conceptual processing during study led to better memory performance than perceptual processing on an explicit memory task that relied on conceptual processing. Performance on an implicit memory task that relied on conceptual processing was affected equally by both types of study processing. The results are discussed in terms of transfer-appropriate processing (Roediger & Blaxton, 1987b) and unitization and grouping processes (Graf & Schacter, 1989).
Technological progress in US crop production: Productivity gains, abundant supply of crop calories, evolution in the livestock industry and implications for biofuel production
Creators: name: Taheripour, F.
name: Scott, D.
name: Tyner, W.
name: Taheripour, F.
name: Scott, D.
name: Tyner, W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: This paper evaluates in a holistic way major trends in US production of food, feed, and biofuel commodities over the period 1961-2014. It is motivated by literature that examines parts of the changes but does not integrate them. We develop a comprehensive data set and then conduct analysis of the major trends that emerge. We identify eight major trends and then combine them to four major themes. The first theme is the huge gain in agricultural productivity over this period. An important component of this theme is that the productivity gain was sufficient to achieve substantial total production growth as agricultural land declined over the period. Second, there has been a major transformation of the livestock sector as less efficient and more expensive beef has been replaced by more efficient and less expensive poultry. As this change has happened, the livestock sector has become more land efficient, less land used in livestock. The third major change is that US calorie production is now substantially more than the needs for food and feed. Finally, the first three major themes have enabled the fourth, which is growth of US renewable fuel production, while agricultural land declined over time. Acknowledgement : No Acknowledgement
Electronic Phase Diagram of High-T_c Cuprate Superconductors from a Mapping of the In-Plane Resistivity Curvature
Creators: name: Ando, Yoichi
name: Komiya, Seiki
name: Segawa, Kouji
name: Ono, S.
name: Kurita, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose that Resistivity Curvature Mapping (RCM) based on the in-plane resistivity data is a useful way to objectively draw an electronic phase diagrams of high-T_c cuprates, where various crossovers are important. In particular, the pseudogap crossover line can be conveniently determined by RCM. We show experimental phase diagrams obtained by RCM for Bi_{2}Sr_{2-z}La_{z}CuO_{6+δ}, La_{2-x}Sr_{x}CuO_{4}, and YBa_{2}Cu_{3}O_{y}, and demonstrate the universal nature of the pseudogap crossover. Intriguingly, the electronic crossover near optimum doping depicted by RCM appears to occur rather abruptly, suggesting that the quantum critical regime, if exists, must be very narrow.
description: 4 pages, 3 color figures, final version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett
The fractal/small-world dichotomy in real-world networks
Creators: name: Csányi, Gábor
name: Szendröi, Balázs
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We draw attention to a clear dichotomy between small-world networks exhibiting exponential neighborhood growth, and fractal-like networks where neighborhoods grow according to a power law. This distinction is observed in a number of real-world networks, and is related to the degree correlations and geographical constraints. We conclude by pointing out that the status of human social networks in this dichotomy is far from clear.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures
Calibrating EIS data: the EIS_PREP routine
Creators: name: Young, Peter R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: The IDL routine eis_prep performs various processing steps to convert a level-0 FITS file to a level-1 FITS file. This document describes the steps performed by eis_prep. The document was written in LaTeX and is provided in LaTeX and PDF formats.
description: This document was first released through the IDL Solarsoft distribution on 12 December 2019.
Influence of Geographical Elements on Tea Farmers' Participation in Modern Agricultural Value Chain
Creators: name: Xiaorong, Z.
name: Yumeng, W.
name: Xiangzhi, K.
name: Xiaorong, Z.
name: Yumeng, W.
name: Xiangzhi, K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: China is the largest producer of tea in the world. In recent years, the primary activities and support activities of the Chinese tea value chain have undergone changes, such as the higher demand for raw materials with strict quality standards, the diversification of procurement methods and the cross-regionalization of procurement. Small farmers face more serious difficulties, such as financing problem, production input problem, lack of market information and so on. These problems make it easier for them to be squeezed out of the market, and the status of farmers in the market would be lower than before. In this paper, we draw on data from tea farmers in northern, eastern and southern Fujian Province China in July 2017. We found that the participation of tea farmers in the value chain helps to increase their economic performance. And tea farmers participate in different value chain organizations to different extent to their economic performance. Among them, only the participation of tea growers is more conducive to increase their economic performance than joining and setting up the tea value chain organization; tea growers join enterprises more favorably and increase their economic performance than joining cooperatives. Acknowledgement : We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China No.71361140369.
Is There Too Much History in Historical Yield Data
Creators: name: Liu, Y.
name: Ker, A.
name: Liu, Y.
name: Ker, A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: County crop yield data from USDA-NASS are extensively used in the literature as well as practice. In many applications, yield data are adjusted for the first two moments then assumed independent and identically distributed. For most major crop-region combinations, yield data exist from 1955 onwards and reflect significant innovations in both seed and farm management technologies. These innovations have likely changed the yield distribution raising doubt regarding the identically distributed assumption. We consider the question of how much historical yield data should be used in empirical analyses. First, we use distributional tests to assess if and when the adjusted yield data result from different DGPs. Second, we consider the application to crop insurance by using an out-of-sample rating. Third, we estimate DGPs and then simulate to quantify the additional error. Overall, the results indicate that using yield data more than 30 years old can substantially increase estimation error. Given that discarding data is unappetizing, we propose three methodologies that can re-incorporate the discarded data. Our results suggest gains in efficiency by using these methodologies. While our results are most applicable to the crop insurance literature, we certainly feel they suggest proceeding with caution when using historical yield data in other applications. Acknowledgement :
Noether symmetry in the higher order gravity theory
Creators: name: Sanyal, A. K.
name: Modak, B.
name: Rubano, C.
name: Piedipalumbo, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Noether symmetry for higher order gravity theory has been explored, with the introduction of an auxiliary variable which gives the only correct quantum desccription of the theory, as shown in a series of earlier papers. The application of Noether theorem in higher order theory of gravity turned out to be a powerful tool to find the solution of the field equations. A few such physically reasonable solutions like power law inflation are presented.
description: 9 pages
Developmental differences in implicit and explicit memory performance
Creators: name: Perez-Bouchard, Lori
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Cognitive theorists differentiate between two forms of memory. Explicit memory is demonstrated in tasks that require individuals to deliberately remember information that was studied during a prior learning episode. Implicit memory is demonstrated in tasks that do not require any reference to the prior learning episode; individuals are merely asked to perform a task that is sensitive to the effects of prior experience. The present study explored developmental differences in implicit and explicit memory test performance by using two different types of implicit and explicit memory tasks (perceptual and conceptual) and requiring two types of processing (again, perceptual and conceptual) during study. Performance of preschool children, elementary school students, and college students was compared on a series of implicit and explicit memory tasks. Performance on the explicit memory task that relied on conceptual processing showed the expected improvement across age groups. In contrast, performance on the explicit memory task that relied on perceptual processing as well as that on both types of implicit memory tasks showed no developmental change. Results from the two types of processing manipulations demonstrated that perceptual processing during study led to better memory performance than conceptual processing for both the implicit and explicit tasks that relied on perceptual processing. Conversely, conceptual processing during study led to better memory performance than perceptual processing on an explicit memory task that relied on conceptual processing. Performance on an implicit memory task that relied on conceptual processing was affected equally by both types of study processing. The results are discussed in terms of transfer-appropriate processing (Roediger & Blaxton, 1987b) and unitization and grouping processes (Graf & Schacter, 1989).
Majorization Minimization Methods for Distributed Pose Graph Optimization with Convergence Guarantees
Creators: name: Fan, Taosha
name: Murphey, Todd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we consider the problem of distributed pose graph optimization (PGO) that has extensive applications in multi-robot simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). We propose majorization minimization methods to distributed PGO and show that our proposed methods are guaranteed to converge to first-order critical points under mild conditions. Furthermore, since our proposed methods rely a proximal operator of distributed PGO, the convergence rate can be significantly accelerated with Nesterov's method, and more importantly, the acceleration induces no compromise of theoretical guarantees. In addition, we also present accelerated majorization minimization methods to the distributed chordal initialization that have a quadratic convergence, which can be used to compute an initial guess for distributed PGO. The efficacy of this work is validated through applications on a number of 2D and 3D SLAM datasets and comparisons with existing state-of-the-art methods, which indicates that our proposed methods have faster convergence and result in better solutions to distributed PGO.
description: 13 pages
Andrena (Plastandrena) fracta Casad & Cockerell 1896
Creators: name: Pedro, Diego De
name: Ceccarelli, Fadia Sara
name: Sagot, Philippe
name: López-Reyes, Eulogio
name: Mullins, Jessica L.
name: Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A.
name: Falcon-Brindis, Armando
name: Griswold, Terry
name: Ascher, John S.
name: Gardner, Joel
name: Ayala, Ricardo
name: Vides-Borrell, Eric
name: Vandame, Rémy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Andrenidae
Andrena
Andrena fracta

description: Andrena (Plastandrena) fracta Casad & Cockerell, 1896
[Lectotype: USNM; ♀ College Farm, Mesilla Valley, New Mexico, US; March 26, 1896]
Andrena fracta was recorded in Magdalena Plains in Ciudad Constitución, BCS in February 1974. Specimens are preserved in the BBSL (GBIF 2023). See fig. 18.
description: Published as part of Pedro, Diego De, Ceccarelli, Fadia Sara, Sagot, Philippe, López-Reyes, Eulogio, Mullins, Jessica L., Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Falcon-Brindis, Armando, Griswold, Terry, Ascher, John S., Gardner, Joel, Ayala, Ricardo, Vides-Borrell, Eric & Vandame, Rémy, 2024, Revealing the Baja California Peninsula's Hidden Treasures: An Annotated checklist of the native bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-391 in Zootaxa 5522 (1) on page 63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5522.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13920532
Coincidence angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy: Proposal for detection of two-particle correlations
Creators: name: Su, Yuehua
name: Zhang, Chao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) is one powerful experimental technique to study the electronic structure of materials. As many electron materials show unusual many-body correlations, the technique to detect directly these many-body correlations will play important roles in the study of their many-body physics. In this article, we propose a technique to detect directly the two-particle correlations, a coincidence ARPES (cARPES) where two incident photons excite two respective photoelectrons which are detected in coincidence. While the one-photon-absorption and one-photoelectron-emission ARPES provides the single-particle spectrum function, the proposed cARPES with two-photon absorption and two-photoelectron emission is relevant to a two-particle Bethe-Salpeter wave function. Examples of the coincidence detection probability of the cARPES for a free Fermi gas and a Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) superconducting state are studied in detail. We also propose another two experimental techniques, a coincidence angle-resolved photoemission and inverse-photoemission spectroscopy (cARP/IPES) and a coincidence angle-resolved inverse-photoemission spectroscopy (cARIPES). As all of these proposed coincidence techniques can provide the two-particle frequency Bethe-Salpeter wave functions, they can show the momentum and energy dependent two-particle dynamical physics of the material electrons in the particle-particle or particle-hole channel. Thus, they can be introduced to study the Cooper-pair physics in the superconductor, the itinerant magnetism in the metallic ferromagnet/antiferromagnet, and the particle-hole pair physics in the metallic nematic state. Moreover, as the two-particle Bethe-Salpeter wave functions also involve the inner-pair dynamical physics, these proposed coincidence techniques can be used to study the inner-pair time-retarded physics.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures; Revised version for publication with typo corrections upon V3
Hylaeus (Prosopis) damascenus
Creators: name: Özbek, Hikmet
name: Dathe, Holger H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Colletidae
Hylaeus
Hylaeus damascenus

description: Hylaeus (Prosopis) damascenus (MAGRETTI, 1890)
 Prosopis damascena MAGRETTI, 1890: 537–538, . Syria: Damascus.
 Prosopis (Nesoprosopis) gibba damascena MAGRETTI, 1890 – WARNCKE 1972: 760; 1981: 185; 1985: 58; 1992: 750.
 Hylaeus (Prosopis) damascenus (MAGRETTI, 1890) – ITIS (2020).
 Remarks: H. damascenus is known from Syria, Lebanon, Iraq and Iran. The data for Turkey go back to WARNCKE (1981, 1985), who indicates this species for SE Turkey (1981: 185) or “southern border of Turkey ” (1985: 59) respectively. More detailed collecting data were not provided. Up to now there have been no further findings, but the occurrence of the species in Turkey is likely.
 Distribution: Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, Iran, Turkey.
description: Published as part of Özbek, Hikmet & Dathe, Holger H., 2020, The bees of the genus Hylaeus FABRICIUS, 1793 of Turkey, with keys to the subgenera and species (Hymenoptera: Anthophila, Colletidae), pp. 273-346 in Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 70 (2) on page 327, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.70.2.273-346, http://zenodo.org/record/5742898
title: The influence of standardisation and regulation on the development of intelligent networks
Creators: name: Shepherd, John William
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2004

description: In today’s global economy a flexible and responsive telecommunications infrastructure is essential to the maintenance and development of a country’s economy. Within a free market, such an infrastructure depends upon the use of common standards; either imposed as a consequence of regulation or evolved through the operation of the market. This thesis investigates the influence of regulation and standardisation on Intelligent Network telecommunications technology by addressing the hypothesis:

 Tight architecture-based regulation is inappropriate for a rapidly changing telecommunications environment, since that environment is continually challenging and redefining the boundaries of technological change.

 The multi-method approach adopted is based upon triangulation to identify multiple viewpoints. A Stakeholder Analysis was employed to help categorise those with an interest in Intelligent Networks and provide a basis for data collection. The primary data was gathered using a combination of surveys and interviews.

 The thesis illustrates a wide range of original research. A unique analysis framework was constructed to identify a number of factors, including technical and commercial influences and their impact on the choice of IN architecture and the implementation of regulations. This framework offers a new perspective with which to view IN architectures; leading to the development and implementation of alternative IN architecture models. A number of these architectures have been constructed, together with some novel services, to demonstrate what could be achieved by employing flexible, less detailed standards, or making use of proprietary protocols.

 The research concludes that tight regulation is not appropriate for Intelligent Network technology. Instead, encouragement for implementation and interconnection is better shaped through the development and adoption of de-jure standards.
A Microcalorimeter and Bolometer Model
Creators: name: Galeazzi, M.
name: McCammon, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The standard non-equilibrium theory of noise in ideal bolometers and microcalorimeters fails to predict the performance of real devices due to additional effects that become important at low temperature. In this paper we extend the theory to include the most important of these effects, and find that the performance of microcalorimeters operating at 60 mK can be quantitatively predicted. We give a simple method for doing the necessary calculations, borrowing the block diagram formalism from electronic control theory.
description: 20 pages, 15 figures
Who's the boss? Patterns of regulatory discretion and bureaucratic responsiveness in regional enforcement at the Environmental Protection Agency
Creators: name: McKinney, Lucinda Kae
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Concerned theorists have suggested that because of the disproportionate power of public bureaucrats, politicians do not control policy, and citizens cannot make responsible decisions between elected representatives. Other theorists have argued that bureaucrats are, in fact, highly responsive to the influence of elected representatives. I suggest that these two points of view do not have to be contradictory. Rather, we should determine the circumstances under which bureaucrats are and are not responsive to political leaders. I use the concepts of political conflict and technological complexity to develop a theory of bureaucrat responsiveness which explains why bureaucrats will or will not be responsive. I further explore the way in which these patterns of responsiveness are altered by federal implementation of policy, administrative factors, and environmental contingencies. I use the enforcement activities of the Environmental Protection Agency to test a model of political and bureaucratic interaction. This complex federal system allows us to suggest when bureaucrats will be responsive to political oversight, to which political actors bureaucrats will respond, and how bureaucrats will balance conflicting demands from competing political actors. I use EPA enforcement cases from 1975 through 1990 to analyze the impact of bureaucratic responsiveness on regional environmental aggressiveness.
The Impact of Direct Payments in Less Favored Areas on Agricultural Land Use and Farm Numbers: An Instrumental Variable Approach with Panel Data
Creators: name: Takayama, T.
name: Hashizume, N.
name: Nakatani, T.
name: Takayama, T.
name: Hashizume, N.
name: Nakatani, T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: We examine the effect of direct payments in less favored areas (LFAs) on agricultural land use and farm numbers in Japan, using large panel data at the community level from the Census of Agriculture in 2000 and 2005. These direct payments, which take a unique form in Japan, are made to rural communities with specific natural handicaps and that are designated as less favored, as compensation for the additional costs of agricultural production in LFAs. This study uses the location of a community (whether a community with specific natural handicaps is located in LFA) as an instrument for the community s receipt of direct payments. Our instrumental variable estimates indicate that from 2000 to 2005, LFA payments fostered continued land use and prevented farmland abandonment through the maintenance of farm households. In other words, LFA payments helped make farming in these areas viable. Acknowledgement :
Willingness to Pay for Hermetic Grain Storage Bags in Malawi
Creators: name: Masters, W.A.
name: Alvarez, G. Guevara
name: Masters, W.A.
name: Alvarez, G. Guevara
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: This study estimates willingness to pay (WTP) for hermetic grain storage bags in a sample of 116 very low-income farmers, about half of whom had attended bag-use demonstrations designed to demonstrate how these bags prevent damage from mold and insects. WTP was measured using Becker-DeGroot-Marschak (BDM) auctions, accompanied by a survey regarding respondents education, household wealth and knowledge about aflatoxins that are released when mold is allowed to grow on the grain. We found a mean WTP of 311 Kwacha ($0.42) for one bag, well below the market price around 750 Kwacha, and no significant association between a respondent s WTP and their attendance at bag-use demonstrations, aflatoxin knowledge or education and wealth. At current market prices, we found no evidence that these bags would be commercially marketable in these communities, even after bag-use demonstrations. A systematic review of the literature suggests that commercial sales of hermetic bags may be possible for buyers in areas of less extreme poverty, where households are more able to make such investments in pursuit of longer-term payoffs in food safety and storage. Acknowledgement : This report was funded by the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) via Cooperative Agreements AID-FFP-A-14-00006 and AID-OAA-A-15-00019 to Catholic Relief Services (CRS) for the UBALE project. We are grateful to all respondents, UBALE partners and CRS-Malawi staff for their help, and especially thank Angela Tavares and Juma Masumba for their guidance and support. Ethical approval was obtained from the Tufts University IRB as study #1703012, and from the Malawi National Commission for Science and Technology as Protocol P.06/17/181. Contents do not necessarily reflect the views of CRS, USAID or the United States Government.
Who's the boss? Patterns of regulatory discretion and bureaucratic responsiveness in regional enforcement at the Environmental Protection Agency
Creators: name: McKinney, Lucinda Kae
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4407
subject: Policy and administration
classificationCode: 4408
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Concerned theorists have suggested that because of the disproportionate power of public bureaucrats, politicians do not control policy, and citizens cannot make responsible decisions between elected representatives. Other theorists have argued that bureaucrats are, in fact, highly responsive to the influence of elected representatives. I suggest that these two points of view do not have to be contradictory. Rather, we should determine the circumstances under which bureaucrats are and are not responsive to political leaders. I use the concepts of political conflict and technological complexity to develop a theory of bureaucrat responsiveness which explains why bureaucrats will or will not be responsive. I further explore the way in which these patterns of responsiveness are altered by federal implementation of policy, administrative factors, and environmental contingencies. I use the enforcement activities of the Environmental Protection Agency to test a model of political and bureaucratic interaction. This complex federal system allows us to suggest when bureaucrats will be responsive to political oversight, to which political actors bureaucrats will respond, and how bureaucrats will balance conflicting demands from competing political actors. I use EPA enforcement cases from 1975 through 1990 to analyze the impact of bureaucratic responsiveness on regional environmental aggressiveness.
The Global Food Security Safety Dilemma of Fertiliser Technology Use: An Analysis of Policy-Induced Mediation
Creators: name: Xiang, T.
name: Malik, T.
name: Nielsen, K.
name: Xiang, T.
name: Malik, T.
name: Nielsen, K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty

description: The world s natural population growth has generated a paradoxical challenge between food security and safety (environmental quality). In this paper, we address this question to establish the security safety paradox by examining increased fertiliser use on decreasing land endowment, and we establish how policy inducement reflects on the food security versus safety issue. Based on the generalised method of moment estimations and panel data of 72 countries from 2002 to 2010, we for the first time answer this question and offer insightful developments in this direction. Firstly, we observe that shrinking land endowment has significant direct and indirect impacts (agricultural protection and food trade policies). Our analysis demonstrates that a decrease in the land endowment increases the fertiliser use intensity. Secondly, policy for agricultural protection induces different effects on security and safety issues in development and world economies. Developed countries have introduced policies to reduce fertiliser usage trading food security for safety. By contrast, developing countries have introduced policies to increase food security trading food safety for security. Thus, developed countries tend to import food from developing countries to bridge the gap, and developing countries achieve economic gains. Acknowledgement : This research was supported by the fundings sponsered by an agreement between FAO and CSC of China, Humanities and Social Science Fund from Ministry of Education (16YJC790112, 15YJA790093), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (71673041) and the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities (N150604006). We would like to thank participants at the 2015 CES conference in Chengdu and at the 2016 sino-Korea regional economics conference in Kyungsung University, Korea for helpful comments.
Beyond Inflation: A Cyclic Universe Scenario
Creators: name: Turok, Neil
name: Seinhardt, Paul J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inflation has been the leading early universe scenario for two decades, and has become an accepted element of the successful `cosmic concordance' model. However, there are many puzzling features of the resulting theory. It requires both high energy and low energy inflation, with energy densities differing by a hundred orders of magnitude. The questions of why the universe started out undergoing high energy inflation, and why it will end up in low energy inflation, are unanswered. Rather than resort to anthropic arguments, we have developed an alternative cosmology, the Cyclic universe, in which the universe exists in a very long-lived attractor state determined by the laws of physics. The model shares inflation's phenomenological successes without requiring an epoch of high energy inflation. Instead, the universe is made homogeneous and flat, and scale-invariant adiabatic perturbations are generated during an epoch of low energy acceleration like that seen today, but preceding the last big bang. Unlike inflation, the model requires low energy acceleration in order for a periodic attractor state to exist. The key challenge facing the scenario is that of passing through the cosmic singularity at t=0. Substantial progress has been made at the level of linearised gravity, which is reviewed here. The challenge of extending this to nonlinear gravity and string theory remains.
description: 27 pages, 6 figures, talk given at the Nobel Symposium `String Theory and Cosmology', 2003. To appear, Physica Scripta
A HPC Co-Scheduler with Reinforcement Learning
Creators: name: Souza, Abel
name: Pelckmans, Kristiaan
name: Tordsson, Johan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Although High Performance Computing (HPC) users understand basic resource requirements such as the number of CPUs and memory limits, internal infrastructural utilization data is exclusively leveraged by cluster operators, who use it to configure batch schedulers. This task is challenging and increasingly complex due to ever larger cluster scales and heterogeneity of modern scientific workflows. As a result, HPC systems achieve low utilization with long job completion times (makespans). To tackle these challenges, we propose a co-scheduling algorithm based on an adaptive reinforcement learning algorithm, where application profiling is combined with cluster monitoring. The resulting cluster scheduler matches resource utilization to application performance in a fine-grained manner (i.e., operating system level). As opposed to nominal allocations, we apply decision trees to model applications' actual resource usage, which are used to estimate how much resource capacity from one allocation can be co-allocated to additional applications. Our algorithm learns from incorrect co-scheduling decisions and adapts from changing environment conditions, and evaluates when such changes cause resource contention that impacts quality of service metrics such as jobs slowdowns. We integrate our algorithm in an HPC resource manager that combines Slurm and Mesos for job scheduling and co-allocation, respectively. Our experimental evaluation performed in a dedicated cluster executing a mix of four real different scientific workflows demonstrates improvements on cluster utilization of up to 51% even in high load scenarios, with 55% average queue makespan reductions under low loads.
Development of capillary electrophoretic separation methods for PCR-amplified DNA products
Creators: name: Srinivasan, Kannan
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 34
subject: Chemical sciences
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
classificationCode: 3401
subject: Analytical chemistry

description: This research has qualified the utility of capillary electrophoresis (CE) in DNA typing work for human identification and enabled ultra sensitive detection of PCR-amplified DNA fragments. In accomplishing the above goal, various capillaries such as polyacrylamide coated capillaries, polyacrylamide gel-filled capillaries and polysiloxane coated capillaries such as SPB-5 (5% phenyl and 95% methyl groups) and DB-17 (50% phenyl and 50% methyl groups) were evaluated and used in conjunction with several buffers and polymers such as hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose and methylcellulose. These studies indicated the suitability of a coated capillary with sieving polymers (polymer network capillaries) for the analysis of PCR-amplified DNA products. The investigations of separation parameters like applied field on the separation efficiency and resolution of PCR-amplified DNA fragments showed that, in general, resolution and efficiency for the larger fragments (greater than 600 basepairs) decreased with increase in applied field. Fitting the data to current migration models confirmed the gradual transition to reptation regime concurrent with similar findings by other groups. The results of the temperature studies showed that efficiency and resolution decreased with increase in temperature, hence, all PCR-amplified dsDNA separations were performed at ambient temperature. Injection studies showed suitability of electrophoretic injection for PCR-amplified dsDNA separations. Smaller injection plugs gave higher efficiency and resolution but compromised detectability of the analyte using UV detection. Investigations on sample preparation prior to analysis by CE showed suitability of an Ultrafree-MC filter unit (Millipore Corp, MA), which had the advantage of speed and recovery. Studies on the use of modifiers like glycerol, chaotropic agents like urea and intercalating agents like ethidium bromide, showed selective improvement in separations especially for dsDNA fragments less than 300 basepairs and were found suited for separations of smaller sized PCR-amplified DNA products. Sensitivity enhancement over UV detection was achieved by the use of two asymmetric cyanine dyes, TOTO and YOYO, coupled with a laser induced fluorescence detection system (LIF). Femtogram quantities of dsDNA were detected by this approach. The resolving power of a polymer network capillary separation system when compared to that of a capillary-gel separation system, clearly confirmed the advantage of using polymer networks for PCR-amplified dsDNA analysis with a CE-LIF system. The overall goal of this project was to enable ultra sensitive detection and high resolution separation of PCR-amplified human DNA fragments from different loci. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).
Entanglement between two superconducting qubits via interaction with non-classical radiation
Creators: name: Paternostro, Mauro
name: Falci, Giuseppe
name: Kim, Myungshik
name: Palma, G. Massimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a scheme to physically interface superconducting nano-circuits and quantum optics. We address the transfer of quantum information between systems having different physical natures and defined in Hilbert spaces of different dimensions. In particular, we investigate the transfer of the entanglement initially in a non-classical state of a continuous-variable system to a pair of superconducting charge qubits. This set-up is able to drive an initially separable state of the qubits into an almost pure, highly entangled state suitable for quantum information processing.
description: 4 pages, RevTeX; revised version
Climatic shocks and child undernutrition in Ethiopia: A longitudinal path analysis
Creators: name: Bahru, B.
name: Bahru, B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Climate change poses a serious challenge to achieving the SDG2 of ending hunger by 2030 and leaves billions of people at risk of food insecurity, illness, and malnutrition. This paper analyzes the long-term impacts of climatic shocks on the nutritional status of 1,911 sample children in Ethiopia. To this end, the study employed a linear mixed effect model, random intercept probit model, and structural equation modeling. Accordingly, climatic shocks are negatively associated with child nutrition. Moreover, early life exposure to climatic shocks is negatively associated with nutritional status at later age. Therefore, if appropriate measures are not taken, the predicted increase in the frequency of extreme events might slow down the secular progress in reduction of child undernutrition in Ethiopia. The role of other covariates was also analyzed. Accordingly, despite their biological and behavioral advantage, girls were more likely to be stunted than boys. This finding highlights the need for a gender-sensitive intervention and the role of intra-household food allocation during shocks. This study also revealed that program participation by drought-affected households has a positive association with child nutrition. Therefore, programs targeted to shock affected households might have a potential to smooth the impact of climatic shocks on child undernutrition Acknowledgement : The data used in this study come from Young Lives, a 15-year study of the changingnature of childhood poverty in Ethiopia, India, Peru and Vietnam (www.younglives.org.uk). Young Lives is funded by UK aid from the Department forInternational Development (DFID). The views expressed here are those of the author(s). They are not necessarily those of Young Lives, the University of Oxford, DFID or other funders.