cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Public and Private Money Creation for Distributed Ledgers: Stablecoins, Tokenized Deposits, or Central Bank Digital Currencies?
Creators: name: Chiu, Jonathan
name: Monnet, Cyril
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2024

description: This paper explores the implications of introducing digital public and private monies (e.g. tokenized central bank digital currency [CBDC] or tokenized deposits) for stablecoins and illicit crypto transactions. When they pay a high interest rate and guarantee a high degree of anonymity, these tokenized currencies crowd out stablecoins as payment methods in the crypto space. Conversely, with low anonymity and low interest rates, tokenized currencies become collateral, promoting the development of stablecoins. CBDCs dominate tokenized deposits because a central bank can better economize on scarce collateral assets and internalize the social costs of crypto activities. Prohibiting tokenized deposits may be necessary to implement the optimal CBDC design.
description: Cette étude se penche sur les conséquences qu’aurait le lancement d’une monnaie numérique publique ou privée, telle qu’une monnaie numérique de banque centrale (MNBC) jetonisée ou des dépôts jetonisés, sur le développement des cryptomonnaies stables et les opérations illicites en cryptomonnaies. Lorsque ces monnaies jetonisées paient des intérêts élevés et garantissent l’anonymat de leurs usagers, elles supplantent les cryptomonnaies stables comme moyens de paiement dans le secteur des cryptomonnaies. En revanche, si la garantie d’anonymat et les intérêts produits sont faibles, les monnaies jetonisées sont utilisées comme sûretés par les cryptomonnaies stables, facilitant ainsi le développement de ces cryptomonnaies stables. La MNBC est préférable aux dépôts jetonisés, car la banque centrale utilise moins de sûretés que les banques commerciales et internalise aussi les coûts sociaux des opérations en cryptomonnaies. Ainsi, l’interdiction des dépôts jetonisés peut être une condition nécessaire pour permettre l’utilisation optimale de la MNBC
Theory of Sodium Ordering in NaxCoO2
Creators: name: Zhang, Peihong
name: Capaz, Rodrigo B.
name: Cohen, Marvin L.
name: Louie, Steven G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ordering of Na ions in Na$_x$CoO$_2$ is investigated systematically by combining detailed density functional theory (DFT) studies with model calculations. Various ground state ordering patterns are identified, and they are in excellent agreement with avaliable experimental results. Our results suggest that the primary driving force for the Na ordering is the screened Coulomb interaction among Na ions. Possible effects of the Na ordering on the electronic structure of the CoO$_2$ layer are discussed. We propose that the nonexistence of a charge ordered insulating state at $x = 2/3$ is due to the lack of a commensurate Na ordering pattern, whereas an extremely stable Na ordering at $x = 0.5$ enhances the charge ordering tendency, resulting in an insulating state as observed experimentally.
description: Physical Review B, in press
Realizzazione di un Web Server Sicuro con User Mode Linux
Creators: name: Diacono, Domenico
name: Donvito, Giacinto
Publisher: name: INFN Open Access Repository
Year: 2004

description: La realizzazione di un Web server é sempre più spesso necessaria nella attività di ricerca per permettere la condivisione rapida di informazioni. La diffusione capillare dell'accesso alla rete e il conseguente aumento dei casi di propagazione di virus e worm che sfruttano vulnerabilità nei server impone una forte attenzione alla sicurezza.  In questo studio si propone l'uso di una distribuzione GNU/Linux poco diffusa, Gentoo-Linux, all'interno della quale mediante la modifica del kernel User Mode Linux attivare un server virtuale completamente separato dalla macchina ospite. In questo modo una eventuale compromissione attraverso i servizi Web della macchina virtuale avrà scarse probabilità di raggiungere la macchina principale.
Una Sonda Attiva a Basso Costo
Creators: name: Parascandolo, Pasquale
name: Vanzanella, Antonio
Publisher: name: INFN Open Access Repository
Year: 2005

description: Questa nota descrive la realizzazione di una sonda attiva basata su componenti a basso costo e di elevata banda passante che consente di effettuare all'oscilloscopio, direttamente sul  circuito in esame, oltre che una misura del segnale anche una misura realistica del rumore.
Analisi Gas-Cromatografiche Effettuate Presso la Sezione di Napoli, sulla Miscela Impiegata negli RPC di ATLAS
Creators: name: Asmundis, Riccardo De
Publisher: name: INFN Open Access Repository
Year: 2006

description: Presso la Sezione INFN di Napoli sono in svolgimento, mediante l'impiego di tecniche Gas-Cromatografiche (GC), analisi di contaminazione della miscela di gas utilizzata nei rivelatori RPC destinati all'esperimento ATLAS. Questa attività, in atto da circa un triennio, ha l'intento di proseguire sulla scorta dell'esperienza fatta presso la GIF-X5 del CERN, ove un gruppo di RPC finali di ATLAS é stato sottoposto a forte irraggiamento gamma con sorgente di 137Cs per un lungo periodo (2002-2005) [ ]. Le condizioni di lavoro sono ben differenti, in quanto la Sezione non dispone di alcun irraggiamento artificiale, per questo é stata utilizzata la fonte naturale di radiazione costituita dai raggi cosmici. L'attività ha come obiettivi, da una parte, il controllo della qualità della miscela gassosa impiegata durante le fasi di test ai raggi cosmici dei rivelatori RPC, dall'altra lo studio degli effetti che il volume sensibile del rivelatore può avere sul gas.
Remark on Cavalieri's Quadrature Formula
Creators: name: Bradley, David M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Mathematics (math.GM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 28-01

description: Every calculus student learns Cavalieri's quadrature formula for the antiderivative of x^n (integer n). We observe here that the logarithmic (n=-1) case implies all the others.
description: 1 page
Control of breathing in the golden-mantled ground squirrel (Spermophilus lateralis)
Creators: name: Harris, Michael Bruce
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The Golden-mantled ground squirrel (Spermophilis lateralis) breaths continuously during euthermia and episodically during hibernation. How and why this conversion occurs is unknown. Breathing is continuously shaped into a precise pattern which appropriately matches ventilation to metabolic demands. In all mammals, sensory inputs from pulmonary mechanoreceptors (carried in the vagus nerve), and a specific cluster of neurons located in the pons (the pneumotaxic center, PC) play key roles in modulating this pattern. The present investigation was designed to determine how the influence of these two inputs changes as squirrels enter hibernation, and if changes in the integration of these inputs could be responsible for producing the episodic breathing pattern observed during hibernation. Ventilation in euthermic ground squirrels was critically dependent on intact vagus nerves. These animals did not breathe in the absence of vagal feedback. In anesthetized animals, on the other hand, ventilation continued post-vagotomy but the shape of individual breaths was altered. This suggests there is a powerful inhibition of breathing that is normally offset by vagal feedback, but which is removed by anesthesia. In hibernating animals, vagal feedback was even less critical, it increased the overall level of ventilation by increasing the length of breathing episodes. Glutamatergic processes utilizing NMDA type receptors were shown to be involved in the expression of sleep and sleep-like states of central activation. They were also involved in producing the ventilatory response to hypoxia in anaesthetized and unanaesthetized animals. Finally, they also depressed breathing frequency during sleep, anesthesia and hibernation. All of these effects are deduced to arise from glutamatergic processes outside the PC, however. Glutamatergic processes utilizing NMDA type receptors within the PC are deduced to assist in the termination of inspiration in anaesthetized animals in a similar fashion to vagal feedback as has been shown in other mammals. While removal of either vagal feedback or NMDA receptor-mediated processes in the PC had only modest effects on breathing pattern, removal of both produced an extreme prolongation of inspiration (apneusis) in euthermic squirrels. In hibernating animals, removal of both inputs converted episodic breathing into a pattern of evenly spaced breaths. This latter observation suggests that integration of vagal feedback with glutamatergic processes (perhaps within the PC) is responsible for clustering breaths into episodes during hibernation. How the function of these inputs is transformed from one of shaping individual breaths to one of shaping episodes of breaths remains unknown.
XEN e i Benefici della Virtualizzazione HVM
Creators: name: Veraldi, Riccardo
Publisher: name: INFN Open Access Repository
Year: 2007

description: Xen é un Virtual Machine Monitor che consente l'implementazione di macchine virtuali. Grazie alla tecnologia presente nelle CPU di ultima generazione é possibile girare un sistema operativo nativo come macchina virtuale su Xen. I benefici sono molteplici e vanno dalla possibilità di girare sistemi operativi misti a 32 e 64 bit su un unico hardware, all'implementazione dell'alta affidabilità, al test di nuovi sistemi operativi. Il seguente documento descrive Xen nell'ottica di hypervisor di macchine virtuali utilizzando come base (dom0) la distribuzione Scientific Linux 5.0 x86_64
Sistema di Acquisizione per Impiego in Laboratorio di Fisica Nucleare, Basato su Bridge USB CAEN V1718
Creators: name: M. Ivaldi
name: M. Battaglieri
name: A.Bersani
name: M. Brunoldi
name: R. De Vita
name: G. Ottonello
name: D. Piombo
name: A. Rottura
Publisher: name: INFN Open Access Repository
Year: 2007

description: Nella presente pubblicazione é descritto il funzionamento hardware e software di un sistema di acquisizione, basato sull'utilizzo di un Bridge CAEN V1718, assemblato e testato nella seconda metà del 2006 presso il Gruppo III INFN Sezione di Genova.
Solving oscillations problems through affine quantization
Creators: name: Aremua, Isiaka
name: Gouba, Laure
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper the benefits of affine quantization method are highlighted through oscillation problems. We show how affine quantization is able to solve oscillation problems where canonical quantization fails.
description: 6 pages
SU(4) Model of High-Temperature Superconductivity: Manifestation of Dynamical Symmetry in Cuprates
Creators: name: Sun, Yang
name: Guidry, Mike
name: Wu, Cheng-Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mechanism that leads to high-temperature superconductivity in cuprates remains an open question despite intense study for nearly two decades. Here, we introduce an SU(4) model for cuprate systems having many similarities to dynamical symmetries known to play an important role in nuclear structure physics and in elementary particle physics. Analytical solutions in three dynamical symmetry limits of this model are found: an SO(4) limit associated with antiferromagnetic order; an SU(2) limit that may be interpreted as a d-wave pairing condensate; and an SO(5) limit that may be interpreted as a doorway state between the antiferromagnetic order and the superconducting order. It is demonstrated that with a slightly broken SO(5) but under constraint of the parent SU(4) symmetry, the model is capable of describing the rich physics that is crucial in explaining why cuprate systems that are antiferromagnetic Mott insulators at half filling become superconductors through hole doping.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures, proceedings of "Nuclei and Mesoscopic Physics" to be published by AIP
Implications of current nuclear cross sections on secondary cosmic rays with the upcoming DRAGON2 code
Creators: name: Luque, Pedro de la Torre
name: Mazziotta, Mario Nicola
name: Loparco, Francesco
name: Gargano, Fabio
name: Serini, Davide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Current measurements of cosmic-ray fluxes have reached unprecedented accuracy thanks to the new generation of experiments, and in particular the AMS-02 mission. At the same time, significant progress has been made in the propagation models of galactic cosmic rays. These models include several propagation parameters, which are usually inferred from the ratios of secondary to primary cosmic rays, and which depend on the cross sections describing the collisions among the various species of cosmic-ray nuclei. At present, our knowledge of these cross sections in the energy range where cosmic-ray interactions occur is limited, and this is a source of uncertainties in the predicted fluxes of secondary cosmic-ray nuclei. In this work we study the impact of the cross section uncertainties on the fluxes of light secondary nuclei (Li, Be, B) using a preliminary version of the upcoming {\tt DRAGON2} code. We first present a detailed comparison of the secondary fluxes computed by implementing different parametrizations for the network of spallation cross sections. Then, we propose for the first time the use of secondary-over-secondary cosmic-ray flux ratios as a tool to investigate the consistency of cross sections models and give insight of the overall uncertainties coming from the cross sections parametrizations. We show that the uncertainties inferred from the cross section data are enough to explain the discrepancies in the Be and Li fluxes with respect to the AMS-02 data, with no need of a primary component in their spectra. In addition, we show that the fluxes of B, Be and Li can be simultaneously reproduced by rescaling their cross sections within the experimental uncertainty. Finally, we also revisit the diffusive estimation of the halo size, obtaining good agreement with previous works and a best fit value of $6.8 \pm 1$ kpc from the most updated cross sections parametrizations.
description: 26 pages, 13 figures
Pollination and seed dispersal interactions could be threatened by climate change cascade effects
Creators: name: Fonturbel, Francisco E.
name: Lara, Antonio
name: Lobos, David
name: Little, Christian
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2019

description: Climate change is triggering ecological responses all over the world as a result of frequent, prolonged droughts. It could also affect ecological interactions, particularly pollination and seed dispersal, which play a key role in plant reproduction. We used a tripartite interaction of the southern South America temperate rainforests (Valdivian rainforest ecosystem type), composed by a keystone mistletoe (Tristerix corymbosus, Loranthaceae), its pollinator (the hummingbird Sephanoides sephaniodes) and its disperser (the relict marsupial Dromiciops gliroides) animals to gain insight into this issue. We studied flower and fruit production, and visitation rates during average (2012) and dry (2015) austral summers. Drought in our study area affected precipitation and soil water availability, as it was the most severe drought event registered in 50 years, being precipitation 12 standard deviations below the historic average. Although pollinator visits did not significantly differ in these summers, during the dry summer flower and fruit production experienced an important decline, as did seed disperser visits. Also, mistletoe mortality increased from 12% in 2012 to 23% in 2015 as result of water shortage of host plants. This empirical evidence suggests that the cascade effects of climate change may indirectly be hindering ecological interactions in the Valdivian temperate rainforest ecosystem we studied. Long-term research is essential to provide the knowledge necessary to understand how key ecological processes may be affected in a changing world.
Thermodynamic Limit for the Invariant Measures in Supercritical Zero Range Processes
Creators: name: Armendáriz, Inés
name: Loulakis, Michail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 60K35; 82C22; 60F10

description: We prove a strong form of the equivalence of ensembles for the invariant measures of zero range processes conditioned to a supercritical density of particles. It is known that in this case there is a single site that accomodates a macroscopically large number of the particles in the system. We show that in the thermodynamic limit the rest of the sites have joint distribution equal to the grand canonical measure at the critical density. This improves the result of Großkinsky, Schütz and Spohn, where convergence is obtained for the finite dimensional marginals. We obtain as corollaries limit theorems for the order statistics of the components and for the fluctuations of the bulk.
Direct CP Violation in Hadronic B Decays
Creators: name: Hong, Bi-Hai
name: Lu, Cai-Dian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There are different approaches for the hadronic B decay calculations, recently. In this paper, we upgrade three of them, namely factorization, QCD factorization and the perturbative QCD approach based on $k_T$ factorization, by using new parameters and full wave functions. Although they get similar results for many of the branching ratios, the direct CP asymmetries predicted by them are different, which can be tested by recent experimental measurements of B factories.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures, revtex4, Talk given at the Workshop on the Frontiers of Theoretical Physics and Cross-Disciplinary, NSFC, Beijing, March 2005
Testing Darwin’s naturalization conundrum based on taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional dimensions of vascular plant diversity
Creators: name: Ledezma, Jesús N. Pinto
name: Villalobos, Fabricio
name: Reich, Peter
name: Larkin, Daniel
name: Cavender-Bares, Jeannine
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2019

description: Different historical and ecological mechanisms are thought to determine the success of nonnative species in native recipient communities (e.g., dispersal dynamics, adaptation, biotic interactions). Charles Darwin posited two competing hypotheses the explain the success of nonnative species based on the relatedness to incumbent natives: coexistence between them should be (i) more likely with greater relatedness (due to trait similarity that correlates with better matching with the environment), or (ii) less likely (due to biotic interference). The paradox raised by the opposing predictions of these two hypotheses has been termed ‘Darwin naturalization conundrum’ (DNC).
Among the 243 species recorded in all permanent plots at Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve, 26 species were classified as nonnative species. Overall, we found that co-occurrence patterns of the 26 nonnative species within local communities did not follow a general tendency of phylogenetic clustering or overdispersion—in other words they were not found to occur more with closely or distantly related native species—instead, we found that co-occurrence patterns depended on species-level evolutionary history and functional traits that regulated the colonization and persistence of nonnatives within native communities. Moreover, our findings provided insights for understanding nonnative species coexistence in recipient communities across environmental gradients and at multiple temporal and spatial scales in a highly diverse region of North America. Finally, the integration of multiple dimensions of biodiversity within a single framework—‘focal species’—can enhance our ability to produce reliable information of species co-occurrence at different spatial and temporal scales, enabling monitoring the changes of both individual and
multiple species, and thus contributing to the develop of resource management plans and the decision making facing a changing World.
Improving Multi-hop Knowledge Base Question Answering by Learning Intermediate Supervision Signals
Creators: name: He, Gaole
name: Lan, Yunshi
name: Jiang, Jing
name: Zhao, Wayne Xin
name: Wen, Ji-Rong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multi-hop Knowledge Base Question Answering (KBQA) aims to find the answer entities that are multiple hops away in the Knowledge Base (KB) from the entities in the question. A major challenge is the lack of supervision signals at intermediate steps. Therefore, multi-hop KBQA algorithms can only receive the feedback from the final answer, which makes the learning unstable or ineffective. To address this challenge, we propose a novel teacher-student approach for the multi-hop KBQA task. In our approach, the student network aims to find the correct answer to the query, while the teacher network tries to learn intermediate supervision signals for improving the reasoning capacity of the student network. The major novelty lies in the design of the teacher network, where we utilize both forward and backward reasoning to enhance the learning of intermediate entity distributions. By considering bidirectional reasoning, the teacher network can produce more reliable intermediate supervision signals, which can alleviate the issue of spurious reasoning. Extensive experiments on three benchmark datasets have demonstrated the effectiveness of our approach on the KBQA task. The code to reproduce our analysis is available at https://github.com/RichardHGL/WSDM2021_NSM.
description: WSDM 2021 camer-ready version. 9 pages, code on https://github.com/RichardHGL/WSDM2021_NSM
Synthesis of multi-qudit Hybrid and d-valued Quantum Logic Circuits by Decomposition
Creators: name: Khan, Faisal Shah
name: Perkowski, Marek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent research in generalizing quantum computation from 2-valued qudits to d-valued qudits has shown practical advantages for scaling up a quantum computer. A further generalization leads to quantum computing with hybrid qudits where two or more qudits have different finite dimensions. Advantages of hybrid and d-valued gates (circuits) and their physical realizations have been studied in detail by Muthukrishnan and Stroud (Physical Review A, 052309, 2000), Daboul et al. (J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 36 2525-2536, 2003), and Bartlett et al (Physical Review A, Vol.65, 052316, 2002). In both cases, a quantum computation is performed when a unitary evolution operator, acting as a quantum logic gate, transforms the state of qudits in a quantum system. Unitary operators can be represented by square unitary matrices. If the system consists of a single qudit, then Tilma et al (J.Phys. A: Math. Gen. 35 (2002) 10467-10501) have shown that the unitary evolution matrix (gate) can be synthesized in terms of its Euler angle parameterization. However, if the quantum system consists of multiple qudits, then a gate may be synthesized by matrix decomposition techniques such as QR factorization and the Cosine-sine Decomposition (CSD). In this article, we present a CSD based synthesis method for n qudit hybrid quantum gates, and as a consequence, derive a CSD based synthesis method for n qudit gates where all the qudits have the same dimension.
description: 15 pages, 11 figures
title: Το Σώμα της Πόλης
title: The Body of the City
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Καλλιμογιάννη, Ιωάννα
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Δυτικής Αττικής
Year: 2021
Subjects: Μνημεία
Ιστορικοί χώροι
Περίοδος Δεκεμβριανών
Περίοδος Γερμανικής κατοχής

description: Φωτογραφική καταγραφή Ιστορικών Κτιρίων και μνημείων που επηρεάστηκαν από την περίοδο των Δεκεμβριανών και της Γερμανικής κατοχής
Design, fabrication and performance study of a biomass solid waste pyrolysis system for alternative liquid fuel production
Creators: name: Hossain, Md. Akram
name: Raquibul Hasan, Md.
name: Rofiqul Islam, Md.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 401703
subject: Energy generation, conversion and storage (excl. chemical and electrical)

description: Now-a-days production of Bio-fuel is a prime concern in the world due to decrease other fuel source. The conversion of devdaru seeds into pyrolytic oil by fixed bed reactor has been taken into consideration in this study. A fixed bed pyrolysis system has been designed and fabricated for obtaining liquid fuel from biomass solid wastes. The major components of the system are: fixed bed reactor, liquid condenser and liquid collectors. The devdaru seeds in particle form is pyrolized in an externally heated 7.6 cm diameter and 46 cm high fixed bed reactor with nitrogen as the carrier gas. The reactor is heated by means of a cylindrical biomass source heater. Rice husk, cow dung and charcoal are used as the energy source. The products are oil, char and gas. The parameters varied are reactor bed temperature, running time and feed particle size. The parameters are found to influence the product yields significantly. The maximum liquid yield is 51 wt% at 5000C for a feed size of <1.18 mm at a gas flow rate of 5 liter/min with a running time of 90 minute. The pyrolysis oil obtained at these optimum process conditions are analyzed for some of their properties as an alternative fuel. We get the higher heating value of devdaru seeds oil is 24.22 MJ/kg. The heating value of the oil is moderate.
title: JAMBOX: «Κάψουλα» μουσικής έκφρασης στον δημόσιο χώρο
title: JAMBOX: A “capsule” of musical expression in the public space
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Λούζη, Αναστασία
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Δυτικής Αττικής
Year: 2021
Subjects: Γεωμετρία
Μουσική
Δημόσιος χώρος
Μουσική στο δρόμο

description: Στη συγκεκριμένη πτυχιακή εργασία διερευνάται και αναλύεται η σημασία του δημόσιου χώρου και ειδικότερα η καλλιτεχνική έκφραση μέσα σε αυτόν. Στόχος είναι η δημιουργία μιας εφήμερης κατασκευής για την εξυπηρέτηση καλλιτεχνών και κοινού, παρέχοντας μια « θέση» στους καλλιτέχνες και υλικό εξοπλισμό, σε κάθε ανοιχτό χώρο της πόλης. Αφετηρία για τον σχεδιασμό του Jambox αποτέλεσε η μουσική και ο ρόλος της στην καθημερινή ζωή της πόλης, ενώ η μορφή του εμπνέεται από τη γεωμετρία της μουσικής και βασίζεται στην λειτουργία του, δηλαδή στις ηχητικές και οπτικές ανάγκες μιας μουσικής παράστασης. Έτσι το Jambox καταλήγει να έχει όλα τα χαρακτηριστικά μιας μικρής σκηνής με «παντοκατευθυντική» ακουστική σε δωδεκάεδρο σχήμα, μία «κάψουλα» μουσικής που θα μπορεί να τοποθετηθεί σε οποιονδήποτε ανοιχτό χώρο προσφέροντας πλήρη κάλυψη των ακροατών, ανεξάρτητα από το σημείο που βρίσκονται
Analysis of NMR Spin-Lattice Relaxation Rates in Cuprates
Creators: name: Uldry, A.
name: Meier, P. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate nuclear spin-lattice relaxation data in the normal state of optimally doped YBaCuO_7 by analyzing the contributions to the relaxation rate of the copper, planar oxygen and yttrium along the directions perpendicular to the applied field. In this new picture there is no contrasting temperature dependence of the copper and oxygen relaxation. We use the model of fluctuating fields to express the rates in terms of hyperfine interaction energies and an effective correlation time tau_eff characterizing the dynamics of the spin fluid. The former contain the effects of the antiferromagnetic static spin correlations, which cause the hyperfine field constants to be added coherently at low temperature and incoherently at high temperature. The degree of coherency is therefore controlled by the spin-spin correlations. The model is used to determine the temperature-dependent correlation lengths. The temperature-dependent effective correlation time is found to be made up of a linear and a constant contribution that can be related to scattering and spin fluctuations of localized moments respectively. The extrapolation of our calculation at higher temperature fits the data also very well at those temperatures. The underdoped compounds YBaCuO_6.63 and YBaCuO_8 are studied in the limit of the data available with some success by modifying the effective correlation time with a gap parameter. The copper data of the LaSrCuO series are then discussed in terms of the interplay between the two contributions to tau_eff.
description: 43 pages. Minor corrections and complements
Opto-Mechanical Interactions in Multi-Core Optical Fibers and Their Applications
Creators: name: Diamandi, Hilel Hagai
name: London, Yosef
name: Bergman, Arik
name: Bashan, Gil
name: Madrigal, Javier
name: Barrera, David
name: Sales, Salvador
name: Zadok, Avi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical fibers containing multiple cores are being developed towards capacity enhancement in space-division multiplexed optical communication networks. In many cases, the fibers are designed for negligible direct coupling of optical power among the cores. The cores remain, however, embedded in a single, mechanically-unified cladding. Elastic (or acoustic) modes supported by the fiber cladding geometry are in overlap with multiple cores. Acoustic waves may be stimulated by light in any core through electrostriction. Once excited, the acoustic waves may induce photo-elastic perturbations to optical waves in other cores as well. Such opto-mechanical coupling gives rise to inter-core cross-phase modulation effects, even when direct optical crosstalk is very weak. The cross-phase modulation spectrum reaches hundreds of megahertz frequencies. It may consist of discrete and narrow peaks, or may become quasi-continuous, depending on the geometric layout. The magnitude of the effect at the resonance frequencies is comparable with that of intra-core cross-phase modulation due to Kerr nonlinearity. Two potential applications are demonstrated: single-frequency opto-electronic oscillators that do not require radio-frequency electrical filters, and point-sensing of liquids outside the cladding of multi-core fibers, where light cannot reach.
Thermodynamic Consistency of the Dynamical Mean-Field Theory of the Double-Exchange Model
Creators: name: Fishman, Randy S.
name: Moreno, Juana
name: Maier, Thomas
name: Jarrell, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although diagrammatic perturbation theory fails for the dynamical-mean field theory of the double-exchange model, the theory is nevertheless Phi-derivable and hence thermodynamically consistent, meaning that the same thermodynamic properties are obtained from either the partition function or the Green's function. We verify this consistency by evaluating the magnetic susceptibility and Curie temperature for any Hund's coupling.
description: 9 pages, 1 figure
Long-Term Trends in Given Name Frequencies in England and Wales
Creators: name: Galbi, Douglas A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The frequency distribution of personal given names offers important evidence about the information economy. This paper presents data on the popularity of the most frequent personal given names (first names) in England and Wales over the past millennium. The popularity of a name is its frequency relative to the total name instances sampled. The data show that the popularity distribution of names, like the popularity of other symbols and artifacts associated with the information economy, can be helpfully viewed as a power law. Moreover, the data on name popularity suggest that historically distinctive changes in the information economy occurred in conjunction with the Industrial Revolution.
The Large-scale and Small-scale Clustering of Lyman-Break Galaxies at 3.5 < z< 5.5 from the GOODS survey
Creators: name: Lee, Kyoung-Soo
name: Giavalisco, Mauro
name: Gnedin, Oleg Y.
name: Somerville, Rachel S.
name: Ferguson, Henry C.
name: Dickinson, Mark
name: Ouchi, Masami
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the angular correlation function of Lyman-break galaxies (LBGs) at z~4 and 5 from deep samples obtained from the Great Observatories Deep Origins Survey (GOODS). Similar to LBGs at z~3, the shape of w(theta) of the GOODS LBGs is well approximated by a power-law with slope beta~0.6 at angular separation theta > 10 arcsec. The clustering strength of z~4, 5 LBGs also depends on the rest-frame UV luminosity, with brighter galaxies more strongly clustered than fainter ones, implying a general correlation between halos' mass and LBGs' star-formation rate. At smaller separations, w(theta) of deep samples significantly exceeds the extrapolation of the large-scale power-law fit, implying enhanced spatial clustering at scales r < 1 Mpc. We also find that bright LBGs statistically have more faint companions on scales theta < 20 arcsec than fainter ones, showing that the enhanced small-scale clustering is very likely due to sub-structure, namely the fact that massive halos can host multiple galaxies. A simple model for the halo occupation distribution and the CDM halo mass function reproduce well the observed w(theta). The scaling relationship of the clustering strength with volume density and with redshift is quantitatively consistent with that of CDM halos. A comparison of the clustering strength of three samples of equal luminosity limit at z ~ 3, 4 and 5 shows that the LBGs at z~5 are hosted in halos about one order of magnitude less massive than those in the lower redshift bins, suggesting that star-formation was more efficient at higher-redshift.
description: replaced with the version accepted for publication in ApJ. 46 pages, 10 figures; minor changes to text, one subsection added
Finite level geometry of fractional branes
Creators: name: Wurtz, Albrecht
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In some CFT models of simple current type, which are used to describe string theory on orbifolds and (adjoint) cosets of Lie groups, there arise fixed points of the simple current group. In these cases, the standard procedure to associate functions to Ishibashi states by averaging out the action of the simple current group, gives functions with unsatisfactory properties. In some cases the averaged Ishibashi function simply vanishes, which we see explicitly in SO(3) at level k=4l+2. In this note, an alternative function assignment is suggested, and it is shown that in some cases the resulting Ishibashi functions are orthogonal.
description: 12 pages, accepted for publication in PLB
Search for $K^+$ decays to a muon and invisible particles
Creators: name: NA62 Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The NA62 experiment at CERN reports searches for $K^+\toμ^+N$ and $K^+\toμ^+νX$ decays, where $N$ and $X$ are massive invisible particles, using the 2016-2018 data set. The $N$ particle is assumed to be a heavy neutral lepton, and the results are expressed as upper limits of ${\cal O}(10^{-8})$ of the neutrino mixing parameter $|U_{\mu4}|^2$ for $N$ masses in the range 200-384 MeV/$c^2$ and lifetime exceeding 50 ns. The $X$ particle is considered a scalar or vector hidden sector mediator decaying to an invisible final state, and upper limits of the decay branching fraction for $X$ masses in the range 10-370 MeV/$c^2$ are reported for the first time, ranging from ${\cal O}(10^{-5})$ to ${\cal O}(10^{-7})$. An improved upper limit of $1.0\times 10^{-6}$ is established at 90% CL on the $K^+\toμ^+νν\barν$ branching fraction.
description: Updated version published as Phys.Lett. B816 (2021) 136259
Exploring Halo Substructure with Giant Stars VIII: The Extended Structure of the Sculptor Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy
Creators: name: Westfall, Kyle B.
name: Majewski, Steven R.
name: Ostheimer, James C.
name: Frinchaboy, Peter M.
name: Kunkel, William E.
name: Patterson, Richard J.
name: Link, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Abridged) We explore the spatial distribution of stars in the Sculptor dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxy over an area of 7.82 deg^2. We identify red giant branch (RGB) starts via Washington M, T_2+DDO51 photometry and a blue horizontal branch (BHB) population to map the spatial structure of the dSph. A spectroscopically observed subset of Sculptor candidate stars yield a systemic heliocentric velocity for the system of v_{hel}=110.43 km/s, in good agreement with previous studies, and a global velocity dispersion of sigma_v=8.8 km/s, which may rise slightly past 0.4r_{lim}. To a limit of M~19, we find 94% of the photometrically-selected Sculptor giant star candidates with spectrocopic measurements are kinematically associated with Sculptor, and four of ten stars not selected photometrically are selected kinematically; our candidate samples are likely to be very pure. We take considerable care in assessing the contaminating background level in our photometric sample to ensure accurate density profiles. These assessments verify that we detect a considerable stellar density of Sculptor stars to the limits of our survey area in both the RGB and BHB samples. We find the Sculptor density profile is well-fit by a King profile of limiting radius r_{lim} = 79.6 within ~60 arcmin, beyond which a "break" to a power law profile occurs. This break population must be either a bound group of "halo stars" around the Sculptor dSph or unbound tidal debris. The latter is supported by 2D distribution analyses and, if true, implies a fractional mass-loss rate of ~0.042 Gyr^{-1} for Sculptor. Finally, likely more metal-poor RGB stars (as selected by color and magnitude) are significantly less centrally concentrated and, therefore, constitute the primary contributor to the likely tidally-stripped parts of the dSph.
description: 88 pages, 23 figures, 14 tables; Received 3 Jan 2005; Accepted 29 July 2005
Nonequilibrium phase transition on a randomly diluted lattice
Creators: name: Vojta, Thomas
name: Lee, Man Young
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the interplay between geometric criticality and dynamical fluctuations leads to a novel universality class of the contact process on a randomly diluted lattice. The nonequilibrium phase transition across the percolation threshold of the lattice is characterized by unconventional activated (exponential) dynamical scaling and strong Griffiths effects. We calculate the critical behavior in two and three space dimensions, and we also relate our results to the recently found infinite-randomness fixed point in the disordered one-dimensional contact process.
description: 4 pages, 1 eps figure, final version as published
A Deep Learning Technique using Low Sampling rate for residential Non Intrusive Load Monitoring
Creators: name: Aghera, Ronak
name: Sahil Chilana
name: Vishal Garg
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 120202 Building Science and Techniques
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: Individual device loads and energy consumption feedback is one of the important approaches for pursuing users to save energy in residences. This can help in identifying faulty devices and wasted energy by devices when left On unused. The main challenge is to identity and estimate the energy consumption of individual devices without intrusive sensors on each device. Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) or energy disaggregation, is a blind source separation problem which requires a system to estimate the electricity usage of individual appliances from the aggregated household energy consumption. In this paper, we propose a novel deep neural network-based approach for performing load disaggregation on low frequency power data obtained from residential households. We combine a series of one-dimensional Convolutional Neural Networks and Long Short Term Memory (1D CNN-LSTM) to extract features that can identify active appliances and retrieve their power consumption given the aggregated household power value. We used CNNs to extract features from main readings in a given time frame and then used those features to classify if a given appliance is active at that time period or not. Following that, the extracted features are used to model a generation problem using LSTM. We train the LSTM to generate the disaggregated energy consumption of a particular appliance. Our neural network is capable of generating detailed feedback of demand- side, providing vital insights to the end-user about their electricity consumption. The algorithm was designed for low power offline devices such as ESP32. Empirical calculations show that our model outperforms the state-of-the-art on the Reference Energy Disaggregation Dataset (REDD).
Competition and character displacement in sticklebacks
Creators: name: Pritchard, John Robert
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis investigates competition's effects on the evolution of sympatric threespine sticklebacks in small, post-glacial, coastal lakes of southwestern British Columbia. A few lakes contain two morphologically and ecologically distinct stickleback forms ("limnetics" and "benthics"), whereas most lakes contain a single "intermediate" form. These forms are believed to be derived from marine threespine sticklebacks that invaded lakes following the retreat of glaciers. I examine body shape differences of marine and freshwater stickleback forms and I test whether competition experienced by planktivorous marine sticklebacks in experimental ponds is consistent with the hypothesis that sympatric lake forms evolved, at least in part, in response to interspecific competition. A thin-plate spline geomorphometric analysis quantified differences in body shape among four stickleback forms: the marine [ancestral] and three [descendent] lake forms (limnetics, intermediates, and benthics). I found significant shape differences among all forms: marine and limnetic sticklebacks were most similar in body shape, while intermediates fell between them and benthics. This pattern matches the divergence observed in other characters among these forms. The main differences were in head size, distance between fin insertion points, and first dorsal spine location. Convergence in body shape among the freshwater sticklebacks may represent anti-predator adaptation, whereas divergence may represent adaptations for foraging. To test whether marines compete with intermediates, I placed juvenile marine sticklebacks either alone or with intermediate sticklebacks in experimental ponds. I also tested whether there is an adaptive shift in marine morphology between treatments due to natural selection, phenotypic plasticity, or both. Marine sticklebacks competed with intermediates; marines experienced both significant reduction in growth and increased consumption of zooplankton when intermediates were present. Marine morphology also showed an adaptive shift; however, this shift could not be unambiguously attributed to the presence of intermediates. I tested whether competition experienced by marines declines as the competitor becomes more divergent by pairing marines with either intermediates or benthics. Competition experienced by marine sticklebacks decreased when the competitor was more ecologically and morphologically differentiated; marines with intermediates grew significantly slower than marines with benthics. This research provides both a more complete description of morphological differentiation among sticklebacks and crucial evidence that interspecific competition is an important factor in evolution.
Weyl Consistency Conditions from a local Wilsonian Cutoff
Creators: name: Ellwanger, Ulrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A local UV cutoff $Λ(x)$ transforming under Weyl rescalings allows to construct Weyl invariant kinetic terms for scalar fields including Wilsonian cutoff functions. First we consider scalar fields in curved space-time with local bare couplings of any canonical dimension, and anomalous dimensions which describe their dependence on the UV cutoff. The local component of the UV cutoff plays the role of an additional coupling, albeit with a trivial constant $β$ function. This approach allows to derive Weyl consistency conditions for the corresponding anomalous dimensions which assume the form of an exact gradient flow. For renormalizable theories the Weyl consistency conditions are initially of the form of an approximate gradient flow for the $β$ functions, and we derive conditions under which it becomes the form of an exact gradient flow.
description: 22 pages, Sections 3 and 4 re-written
The uniqueness of the integration factor associated with the exchanged heat in thermodynamics
Creators: name: Ma, Yu-Han
name: Dong, Hui
name: Quan, H. T.
name: Sun, C. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: State functions play important roles in thermodynamics. Different from the process function, such as the exchanged heat $δQ$ and the applied work $δW$, the change of the state function can be expressed as an exact differential. We prove here that, for a generic thermodynamic system, only the inverse of the temperature, namely $1/T$, can serve as the integration factor for the exchanged heat $δQ$. The uniqueness of the integration factor invalidates any attempt to define other state functions associated with the exchanged heat, and in turn, reveals the incorrectness of defining the entransy $E_{vh}=C_VT^2 /2$ as a state function by treating $T$ as an integration factor. We further show the errors in the derivation of entransy by treating the heat capacity $C_V$ as a temperature-independent constant.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure, has been accepted by Fundamental Research and will be published soon. Comments are welcome