cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Unresolved Binaries in the Intermediate Mass Range in the Pleiades Star Cluster
Creators: name: Malofeeva, A.
name: Seleznev, A.
name: Carraro, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The identification of binary stars of different mass ratios in resolved stellar populations is a challenging task. We show how the photometric diagram constructed with the pseudo-colors (H-W2)-W1 vs W2-(BP-K) can be employed to estimate the binary and multiple star ratios and the distribution of their component mass ratio $q$ effectively. As an application, we investigate the Pleiades star cluster in the range of primary component mass between 0.5 and 1.8 $M_{\odot}$. The binary star ratio is found to be between 0.54$\pm$0.11 and 0.70$\pm$0.14. On the other hand, the ratio of systems with multiplicity more than 2 is between 0.10$\pm$0.00 and 0.14$\pm$0.01. The distribution of the component mass ratio $q$ has been approximated by a power law with the exponent between -0.53$\pm$0.10 and -0.63$\pm$0.22. Below 0.5 $M_{\odot}$, we expect a large number of brown dwarfs among secondary components.
description: 9 pages, 6 eps figure, in press in the Astronomical Journal
Semi-metrics on the normal states of a W*-algebra
Creators: name: Promislow, S. David
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: In this thesis we investigate certain semi-metrics defined on the normal states of a W* -algebra and their applications to infinite tensor products. This extends the work of Bures, who defined a metric d on the set of normal states by taking d(μ,v) = inf {x-y} , where the infimum is taken over all vectors x and y which induce the states μ and v respectively relative to any representation of the algebra as a von-Neumann algebra. He then made use of this metric in obtaining a classification of the various incomplete tensor products of a family of semi-finite W* -algebras, up to a natural type of equivalence known as product isomorphism. By removing the semi-finiteness restriction form Bures' "product formula", which relates the distance under d between two finite product states to the distances between their components, we obtain this tensor product classification for families of arbitrary W* -algebras. Moreover we extend the product formula to apply to the case of infinite product states. For any subgroup G of the *-automorphism group of a W*-algebra, we define the semi-metric d(G) on the set of normal states by: d(G) (μ,v) = inf {d(μ(α) ,v (β) : α,β ε G} ; where μ(α).a is defined by μ(α)(A) = μ(α(A)). We show the significance of d(G) in classifying incomplete tensor products up to weak product isomorphism, a natural weakening of the concept of product isomorphism. In the case of tensor products of semi-finite factors, we obtain explicit criteria for such a classification by calculating d(G)(μ, v) in terms of the Radon-Nikodym derivatives of the states. In the course of this calculation we introduce a concept of compatibility which yields some other results about d and d(G) . Two self-adjoint operators S and T are said to be compatible, if given any real numbers α and β , either E(α) ≤ F((β) or F(β) ≤ E(α) ; where {E(λ)} , (F(λ)} , are the spectral resolutions of S,T , respectively. We obtain some miscellaneous results concerning this concept.
title: Anthocyanins of Fresh and Stored Freeze-Dried Sour Cherries in Compressed Form
Creators: name: Potewiratananond, Suwan
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1975

description: A total of seven anthocyanin pigments were observed in both paper and thin layer chromatograms of the fresh and freeze-dried compressed samples stored for O month whereas the freeze-dried compressed samples stored at 70 F and 100 F for 6 months showed the retention of three to six pigments. All of those seven pigments were unstable and cyanidin-3- (2G- xylosylrutinoside) was the least stable pigment. The separation of anthocyanina by disc gel electrophoresis was studied for the first time. Disc electropherograms of fresh and freeze-dried com-pressed sour cherries stored at O month revealed the presence of eight bands whereas the freeze-dried compressed sour cherries stored at 70 F and 100 F for 6 months showed the retention of three to four bands. In further study, this technique could be helpful for the separation of anthocyanins in other fruits. The study indicated that the fresh samples had anthocyanin content higher than those of the freeze-dried compressed samples stored at 70 F and 100 F for 6 months and also showed that the degradation of anthocyanins is greater at the higher storage temperature with longer storage periods.
A Step Forward in Studying the Compact Genetic Algorithm
Creators: name: Rastegar, Reza
name: Hariri, Arash
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The compact Genetic Algorithm (cGA) is an Estimation of Distribution Algorithm that generates offspring population according to the estimated probabilistic model of the parent population instead of using traditional recombination and mutation operators. The cGA only needs a small amount of memory; therefore, it may be quite useful in memory-constrained applications. This paper introduces a theoretical framework for studying the cGA from the convergence point of view in which, we model the cGA by a Markov process and approximate its behavior using an Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE). Then, we prove that the corresponding ODE converges to local optima and stays there. Consequently, we conclude that the cGA will converge to the local optima of the function to be optimized.
description: 13 Pages
On the structure of non-full-rank perfect codes
Creators: name: Krotov, Denis
name: Heden, Olof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Krotov combining construction of perfect 1-error-correcting binary codes from 2000 and a theorem of Heden saying that every non-full-rank perfect 1-error-correcting binary code can be constructed by this combining construction is generalized to the $q$-ary case. Simply, every non-full-rank perfect code $C$ is the union of a well-defined family of $μ$-components $K_μ$, where $μ$ belongs to an "outer" perfect code $C^*$, and these components are at distance three from each other. Components from distinct codes can thus freely be combined to obtain new perfect codes. The Phelps general product construction of perfect binary code from 1984 is generalized to obtain $μ$-components, and new lower bounds on the number of perfect 1-error-correcting $q$-ary codes are presented.
description: 8 pages
title: Influence of Pre-Fermentation Inoculations With Leuconostoc Mesenteroides and Lactobacillus Plantarum on Physico-Chemical Properties of Fresh and Dehydrated Sauerkraut
Creators: name: Nabors, William T.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1968

description: The effect Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Lactobacillus plantarum has on the physical and chemical properties of fresh and dehydrated sauerkraut was tested. Sauerkraut inoculated with L . plantarum was slower in fermenting and significantly lower in acidity and higher in pH. Dehydration of sauerkraut by freeze-conventional hot-air and micro-wave processes produced a significant loss in volatile components, ascorbic acid , lactic acid and an increase in pH. Each of the dehydration processes caused browning of the sauerkraut . These changes were less with freeze-drying and increased with conventional hot-air drying and microwave drying. Gas-liquid chromatography confirms the loss of volatile components and the production of a new peak, occurring at 9 to 10 minutes , in the conventional hot-air dried and microwave dried. Sensory evaluation scores of freeze-dried and conventional hot-air dehydrated sauerkraut compared favorably with that of a canned commercial product.
Influence of the gravitational darkening effect on the spectrum of a hot, rapidly rotating neutron star
Creators: name: Majczyna, A.
name: Madej, J.
name: Różańska, A.
name: Należyty, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we discuss the influence of the gravitational darkening effect on the emergent spectrum of a fast-rotating, flattened neutron star. Model atmosphere codes always calculate spectra of emergent intensities and fluxes emitted from the unit surface on the star in plane-parallel geometry. Here we took a step beyond that and calculated a small sample grid of theoretical spectra integrated over the distorted surface of a sample rotating neutron star seen by a distant observer at various inclination angles. We assumed parameters like two dimensionless angular velocities $\barΩ^2=0.30$ and 0.60, the effective temperature of a nonrotating star $T_{\rm eff}=2.20\times 10^7\,$K, the logarithm of the surface gravity of a spherical star $\log(g)=14.40$ (cgs), and inclination angles from $i=0^\circ$ to $i=90^\circ$ with step $Δi=10^\circ$. We assumed that the atmosphere consists of a mixture of hydrogen and helium with $M_{\rm H}=0.70$ and $M_{\rm He}=0.30$. At each point on the neutron star surface, we calculated true intensities for local values of parameters ($T_{\rm eff}$ and $\log(g)$), and these monochromatic intensities are next integrated over the whole surface to obtain the emergent spectrum. In this paper, we compute for the first time theoretical spectra of the fast-rotating neutron star. Our work clearly shows that the gravitational darkening effect strongly influences the spectrum and should be included in realistic models of the atmospheres of rotating neutron stars.
description: ApJ in print
Structure of the Partition Function and Transfer Matrices for the Potts Model in a Magnetic Field on Lattice Strips
Creators: name: Chang, Shu-Chiuan
name: Shrock, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine the general structure of the partition function of the $q$-state Potts model in an external magnetic field, $Z(G,q,v,w)$ for arbitrary $q$, temperature variable $v$, and magnetic field variable $w$, on cyclic, Möbius, and free strip graphs $G$ of the square (sq), triangular (tri), and honeycomb (hc) lattices with width $L_y$ and arbitrarily great length $L_x$. For the cyclic case we prove that the partition function has the form $Z(Λ,L_y \times L_x,q,v,w)=\sum_{d=0}^{L_y} \tilde c^{(d)} Tr[(T_{Z,Λ,L_y,d})^m]$, where $Λ$ denotes the lattice type, $\tilde c^{(d)}$ are specified polynomials of degree $d$ in $q$, $T_{Z,Λ,L_y,d}$ is the corresponding transfer matrix, and $m=L_x$ ($L_x/2$) for $Λ=sq, tri (hc)$, respectively. An analogous formula is given for Möbius strips, while only $T_{Z,Λ,L_y,d=0}$ appears for free strips. We exhibit a method for calculating $T_{Z,Λ,L_y,d}$ for arbitrary $L_y$ and give illustrative examples. Explicit results for arbitrary $L_y$ are presented for $T_{Z,Λ,L_y,d}$ with $d=L_y$ and $d=L_y-1$. We find very simple formulas for the determinant $det(T_{Z,Λ,L_y,d})$. We also give results for self-dual cyclic strips of the square lattice.
description: Reference added to a relevant paper by F. Y. Wu
Spectral Power-law Formation by Sequential Particle Acceleration in Multiple Flare Magnetic Islands
Creators: name: Guidoni, Silvina E.
name: Karpen, Judith T.
name: DeVore, C. Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a first-principles model of pitch-angle and energy distribution function evolution as particles are sequentially accelerated by multiple flare magnetic islands. Data from magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of an eruptive flare/coronal mass ejection provide ambient conditions for the evolving particle distributions. Magnetic islands, which are created by sporadic reconnection at the self-consistently formed flare current sheet, contract and accelerate the particles. The particle distributions are evolved using rules derived in our previous work. In this investigation, we assume that a prescribed fraction of particles sequentially "hops" to another accelerator and receives an additional boost in energy and anisotropy. This sequential process generates particle number spectra that obey an approximate power law at mid-range energies and presents low- and high-energy breaks. We analyze these spectral regions as functions of the model parameters. We also present a fully analytic method for forming and interpreting such spectra, independent of the sequential acceleration model. The method requires only a few constrained physical parameters, such as the percentage of particles transferred between accelerators, the energy gain in each accelerator, and the number of accelerators visited. Our investigation seeks to bridge the gap between MHD and kinetic regimes by combining global simulations and analytic kinetic theory. The model reproduces and explains key characteristics of observed flare hard X-ray spectra as well as the underlying properties of the accelerated particles. Our analytic model provides tools to interpret high-energy observations for missions and telescopes, such as RHESSI, FOXSI, NuSTAR, Solar Orbiter, EOVSA, and future high-energy missions.
description: Accepted to be published in The Astrophysical Journal. 19 figures
title: A Survey of the Literature Dealing with the Calcium-Phosphorus Metabolism of Normal Children
Creators: name: Noecker, Albertine Appy
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1935

description: The purpose of this study is to collect and organize all data available to the investigator on the subject of calcium and phosphorus requirements for normal children. Since it is the business of nutrition to maintain health and prevent disorders, leaving the cure of disorders to the medical profession, this study deals with the calcium and phosphorus metabolism of normal children and avoids going into the pathological phases, taking up rickets and tetany only in so far as prevention is concerned.
If this study has any value it lies in the fact that the findings of investigators seem to be scattered throughout a great many books and scientific journals, and it was thought that the collection and organization of these findings would serve as useful purpose in making this research more readily available to nutrition students. The bibliography for the study was made up from references given by such recognized authorities and sources as Sherman, McLester, Starling, Lusk, Van Slyke and Peters, Bogert, Rose, Child Development Abstracts, British Nutrition Abstracts, and Chemical Abstracts. From this bibliography were chosen those books and articles which seemed to the writer to be most promising as to reliability, amount of information, and variety of information. Part of the work has of necessity been adapted to children from experiments on adults.
The importance of calcium and phosphorus in the diet of little children is emphasized by Sherman as follows: "The effect of an insufficient intake of calcium is natural more serious with growing than with full grown animals. The young need more calcium because during growth and development the body in increasing not only the amount but the percentage of calcium which it contains. *** growing children whose height, weight, and appearance are normal may have a calcium-poor condition of the body*** Since this is largely a matter of the deposition of calcium phosphate in the developing bones, the phosphorus content of the body tends to remain low when the calcium is low and to rise to normal with the calcium when the calcium content of the food is increased.
Potential Risks of ChatGPT Implications for Counterterrorism and International Security.
Creators: name: Esmailzadeh, Yaser
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Political science not elsewhere classified

description: This article explores the potential risks of chatGPT, a language generation model developed by OpenAI, for counterterrorism and international security. With its ability to generate human-like text, chatGPT has rapidly gained popularity and become one of the fastest-growing consumer applications in history, with over 100 million active users. However, practical and ethical concerns regarding its strengths and weaknesses remain under debate. Terrorists' increasing use of modern communication technologies has made the intelligence problem more complex, as access to critical data becomes increasingly challenging for intelligence agencies. Terrorists have also adopted new technologies and implemented operational security measures to evade sophisticated intelligence collection operations. Furthermore, artificial intelligence has enabled individuals and groups to exploit newer technologies, heightening the threat of cyberattacks and espionage. This article analyzes the potential risks of chatGPT in four key areas: the implications of artificial intelligence for future threats and international security, the impact of chatGPT on cyberterrorism and artificial intelligence, the dangers of fragmented and secondary information for violence and sabotage operations, and conducting psychological warfare against targets. By providing insights and recommendations, this study can assist policymakers and researchers in utilizing artificial intelligence technology effectively while mitigating potential risks.
Unsupervised Sparse Unmixing of Atmospheric Trace Gases from Hyperspectral Satellite Data
Creators: name: Fiscante, Nicomino
name: Addabbo, Pia
name: Biondi, Filippo
name: Giunta, Gaetano
name: Orlando, Danilo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: I.4.8
subject: 68T09

description: In this letter, a new approach for the retrieval of the vertical column concentrations of trace gases from hyperspectral satellite observations, is proposed. The main idea is to perform a linear spectral unmixing by estimating the abundances of trace gases spectral signatures in each mixed pixel collected by an imaging spectrometer in the ultraviolet region. To this aim, the sparse nature of the measurements is brought to light and the compressive sensing paradigm is applied to estimate the concentrations of the gases' endemembers given by an a priori wide spectral library, including reference cross sections measured at different temperatures and pressures at the same time. The proposed approach has been experimentally assessed using both simulated and real hyperspectral dataset. Specifically, the experimental analysis relies on the retrieval of sulfur dioxide during volcanic emissions using data collected by the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument. To validate the procedure, we also compare the obtained results with the sulfur dioxide total column product based on the differential optical absorption spectroscopy technique and the retrieved concentrations estimated using the blind source separation.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
title: Energy Usage Trends, Energy-Food Conversion Efficiency, and Relative Energy Efficiency of Primary Crop Agriculture, Estimated from Energy-Nutrient Conversion Ratios in Mexico, India, United States, and Japan
Creators: name: Blight, Gerald L.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1977

description: Energy-nutrient conversion ratios, as a measure of relative agricultural efficiency for Mexico, India, in the United States, and Japan between 1951 and 1974, were calculated for protein, B-vitamins, calcium, iron and food energy production. Estimates from the different nutrient ratios showed a range in percent change of production efficiency over the twenty-four year period. Indian estimates were the most consistent with only a 7 percent variability. Japan (23 percent), United States (42 percent), and Mexico (43 percent) each showed greater variability in their efficiency estimate ranges from aggregate energy-nutrient conversion ratios. Japan was the only country for which negative trends in efficiency were observed, as estimated from calcium and iron data. There did not appear to be any pattern in the relationship of one estimate to another in the countries studied. The variability of different nutrient efficiencies suggested that conventional methods of efficiency estimation based on a conversion ratio for a single nutrient may be inappropriate.
There were significant differences in mean production efficiency estimates between countries but there was no uniformity among the determinations from different nutrients. The relative rank of efficiency for the countries changed for each of the efficiency estimates, except B-vitamins, over the time period studied. Diminishing returns in energy efficiency occurred as useful energy inputs increased. In addition, individual crops displayed tendencies toward diminishing returns. Plant foods were shown to be more efficient than animal sources of food. Efficiency increases appear to be related to increased use of effective energy inputs such as fertilizers.
title: The Effect of Feeding Fluoride on Some Enzymes of Bovine Tissues
Creators: name: Sitachitt, Prasertsri
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1962

description: Fluorides are usually found in nature as constituents of soils, water, and the tissues of animals. Fluorite or fluorspar (CaF2), cryolite (Na3AlF6), apatite (3 Ca3 (PO4)2 CaF2) and sedimentary phosphate rocks are among the principle minerals containing fluorides found in nature. Traces of fluorides also occur in domestic water supplies in nature and also by induction in vegetation and animal feeds. From 0.5 ppm to 1.5 ppm of fluorides in drinking water is the range found to be beneficial in reducing the incidence of tooth decay in man. In animals, receiving abnormally elevated intakes of fluorides for a relatively short time or from sustained ingestion of small quantities over long periods, interference with normal life processes with resultant impaired performance or utility has been reported
In industrial areas, fluorine as fluorides are present in varying amounts in the atmosphere. It is liberated by industrial processes which make use of high temperatures in the treatment of materials containing fluorine, either as a natural impurity or added as fluorspar for fluxing processes. The burning of coal by homes and industries liberates small quantities of fluorides into the atmosphere also. Residues of fluoride have been found on vegetation from these sources. Chronic fluorine poisoning (fluorosis) in animals may result from prolonged ingestion of fluorides. The symptoms of fluorosis depend on the level of intake, form of fluoride, duration of intake, age and nutritional status of the animals and their individual susceptibility.
The Lie Algebraic Significance of Symmetric Informationally Complete Measurements
Creators: name: Appleby, D. M.
name: Flammia, Steven T.
name: Fuchs, Christopher A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Examples of symmetric informationally complete positive operator valued measures (SIC-POVMs) have been constructed in every dimension less than or equal to 67. However, it remains an open question whether they exist in all finite dimensions. A SIC-POVM is usually thought of as a highly symmetric structure in quantum state space. However, its elements can equally well be regarded as a basis for the Lie algebra gl(d,C). In this paper we examine the resulting structure constants, which are calculated from the traces of the triple products of the SIC-POVM elements and which, it turns out, characterize the SIC-POVM up to unitary equivalence. We show that the structure constants have numerous remarkable properties. In particular we show that the existence of a SIC-POVM in dimension d is equivalent to the existence of a certain structure in the adjoint representation of gl(d,C). We hope that transforming the problem in this way, from a question about quantum state space to a question about Lie algebras, may help to make the existence problem tractable.
description: 56 pages
Summability and invariant means on semigroups
Creators: name: Mah, Peter Fritz
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This thesis consists of two parts. In the first part, we study summability in left amenable semigroups. More explicitly, various summability methods defined by matrices are considered. Necessary and (or) sufficient conditions are given for matrices to be regular, almost regular, Schur, almost Schur, strongly regular and almost strongly regular, generalizing those of O. Toeplitz, J. P. King, J. Schur, G. G. Lorentz and P. Schaefer for the semigroup of additive positive integers. The theorems are of interest even for the semigroup of multiplicative positive integers. Let S be a topological semigroup which is amenable as a discrete semigroup. Denote by LUC(S) the set of bounded real-valued left uniformly continuous functions on S. It is shown by E. Granirer that if S is a separable topological group which is amenable as a discrete group and has a certain property (B) then LUC(S) has "many" left invariant means. In the second part of this thesis, we extend this result to certain topological subsemigroups of a topological group. In particular, we show that if S is a separable closed non-compact subsemigroup of a locally compact group which is amenable as a discrete semigroup then LUC(S) has "many" left invariant means. Finally, an example is given to show that this result cannot be extended to every topological semigroup.
title: The Role of Zinc in Insulin Metabolism in the Pancreas of the Rat
Creators: name: Liaw, Chih-Chi
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1976

description: A series of in vitro trials have been conducted to determine what relationship exists between zinc and the insulin mechanism.
There were no significant differences of the zinc contents in total pancreases excised from the rats thirty minutes after the intraperitoneal glucose dose or from the non-dosed controls. When pancreases were cut into three pieces, and treated in three ways: Incubated without glucose (IWG) followed by isolation of the islets; incubated with glucose (IWG) followed by isolation of the islets; islets were isolated, then incubated with glucose (IWG). The zinc content in the islets was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in the first group than the others.
The insulin release and zinc movement were studied in zinc-deficient status. In both Experiment 3 and 5 each pancreas was divided into two, one was treated IWG, one was treated IWOG. There were significant (p < 0.01) differences of zinc content in the islets between lWG and IWOG groups in zinc-supplemented pair-fed and ad lib. controls but not in zinc-deficient rats. In Experiment 5 the zinc contents in the islets of IWOG group were significantly (p < 0.01) lower in zinc-deficient rats than in zinc-supplemented pair-fed rats. Insulin release from the islets incubated with glucose was significantly (p < 0.01) less in zinc-deficient group than in zinc-supplemented pair-fed group. Glutathione contents of the pancreases were measured in Experiment 3, no significant difference was found between zinc-deficient group and both zinc-supplemented groups.
Rats were intraperitoneally dosed with glucose or with saline in Experiment 6. After 30 minutes pancreases were excised and the isolated islets were treated with IWG or IWOG. There was no significant difference of zinc content in the islets treated IWOG in glucose-dosed and saline0dosed groups, but significant (p < 0.01) difference was found in the islets treated IWG. Insulin release from the islets treated IWG was significantly (p < 0.01) less in glucose-dosed group than in saline-dosed group.
It is concluded that zinc is released from the islets as a component of insulin on glucose stimulation, zinc-deficiency results in an impairment of insulin release or synthesis, and insulin secretion was reduced in the isolated islets taken from animals prestimulated with glucose in vivo.
Earth Science Information Partners (ESIP) Annual Report 2020
Creators: name: Earth Science Information Partners
Publisher: name: ESIP
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 49999 Earth Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Earth Science Information Partners (ESIP) is a community of Earth science data and information technology practitioners across the public, private, and academic sectors. ESIP’s strength comes from its depth of its 140+ partner organizations. Among these are all NOAA, NASA, and USGS Earth observing data centers, as well as government research laboratories, research universities, modelers, education resource providers, technology developers, nonprofits, and commercial enterprises. This annual report outlines ESIP activities for fiscal year 2020 (October 1st, 2019 through September 30th, 2020).
What is the Shape Effect on the (Hyper)polarizabilities? A Comparison Study on the Moebius, Cyclic, and Linear Nitrogen-Substituted Polyacenes
Creators: name: Xu, H. L.
name: Li, Z. R.
name: Wang, F. F.
name: Wu, D.
name: Harigaya, Kikuo
name: Gu, F. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: How does the framework shape influence the static polarizability (alpha_0) and the first hyperpolarizability (beta_0)? This work, for the first time, presents a comparison study at the MP2/6-31+G(d) level, by using the nitrogen-substituted polyacenes as models: the Moebius strip with a knot, the cyclic strip without knot, and the linear strip. Opening the knot of the Moebius strip to form the cyclic strip, it leads to the increase of the alpha_0 from 268 au to 323 au and the beta_0 value increases about three times from 393 (Moebius) to 1049 au (cyclic). Further, opening the cyclic strip to form the linear strip, the alpha_0 value increases from 323 au to 476 au. While the beta_0 value as well increases about three times from 1049 (cyclic) to 2814 au (linear). The changes in the static (hyper)polarizabilities are well explained by the geometrical differences among the Moebius, cyclic, and linear nitrogen-substituted polyacenes.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
Topological photonic crystals: physics, designs and applications
Creators: name: Tang, Guo-Jing
name: He, Xin-Tao
name: Shi, Fu-Long
name: Liu, Jian-Wei
name: Chen, Xiao-Dong
name: Dong, Jian-Wen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent research of topological photonics has not only proposed and realized novel topological phenomena such as one-way broadband propagation and robust transport of light, but also designed and fabricated photonic devices with high-performance indexes which are immune to fabrication errors such as defects or disorders. Photonic crystals, which are periodic optical structures with the advantages of good light field confinement and multiple adjusting degrees of freedom, provide a powerful platform to control the flow of light. With the topology defined in the reciprocal space, photonic crystals have been widely used to reveal different topological phases of light and demonstrate topological photonic functionalities. In this review, we present the physics of topological photonic crystals with different dimensions, models and topological phases. The design methods of topological photonic crystals are introduced. Furthermore, we review the applications of topological photonic crystals in passive and active photonics. These researches pave the way of applying topological photonic crystals in practical photonic devices.
title: The Effects of Salt Content and Temperature on Eye Formation in Swiss Cheese
Creators: name: Creer, Kenneth B.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1952

description: The size, shape, and handling of the large swiss cheese wheels have given rise to problems of labor, marketing, and waste in cutting. At the present time, there is a trend to produce a smaller swiss cheese which will enable the manufacturer and marketing agencies to overcome the difficulties in handling the large wheels.
Additional file 1 of Hybridization and introgression in sympatric and allopatric populations of four oak species
Creators: name: Li, Xuan
name: Wei, Gaoming
name: El-Kassaby, Yousry A.
name: Fang, Yanming
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1:Table S1. Deviance information criterion values for nfb, nb, and fb models in 10 populations obtained by INEST. Table S2. Probability of membership to each genetic cluster in each population of four oaks when K = 2 and 4. Table S3. Locations of 10 populations of four oak species. Table 4S.. Leaf macromorphological features examined. Table S5. SSR primer sets, number and size of alleles amplified in four oak species study.
Environmental dependence of 8um luminosity functions of galaxies at z~0.8: Comparison between RXJ1716.4+6708 and the AKARI NEP deep field
Creators: name: Goto, Tomotsugu
name: Koyama, Yusei
name: Wada, T.
name: Pearson, C.
name: Matsuhara, H.
name: Takagi, T.
name: Shim, H.
name: Im, M.
name: Lee, M. G.
name: Inami, H.
name: Malkan, M.
name: Okamura, S.
name: Takeuchi, T. T.
name: Serjeant, S.
name: Kodama, T.
name: Nakagawa, T.
name: Oyabu, S.
name: Ohyama, Y.
name: Lee, H. M.
name: Hwang, N.
name: Hanami, H.
name: Imai, K.
name: Ishigaki, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We aim to reveal environmental dependence of infrared luminosity functions (IR LFs) of galaxies at z~0.8 using the AKARI satellite. We construct restframe 8um IR LFs in the cluster region RXJ1716.4+6708 at z=0.81, and compare them with a blank field using the AKARI North Ecliptic Pole deep field data at the same redshift. AKARI's wide field of view (10'x10') is suitable to investigate wide range of galaxy environments. AKARI's 15um filter is advantageous here since it directly probes restframe 8um at z~0.8, without relying on a large extrapolation based on a SED fit, which was the largest uncertainty in previous work. We have found that cluster IR LFs at restframe 8um have a factor of 2.4 smaller L^* and a steeper faint-end slope than that of the field. Confirming this trend, we also found that faint-end slopes of the cluster LFs becomes flatter and flatter with decreasing local galaxy density. These changes in LFs cannot be explained by a simple infall of field galaxy population into a cluster. Physics that can preferentially suppress IR luminous galaxies in high density regions is required to explain the observed results.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A AKARI special issue
Circular Orbits in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet Gravity
Creators: name: Rosa, Valeria M.
name: Letelier, Patricio S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The stability under radial and vertical perturbations of circular orbits associated to particles orbiting a spherically symmetric center of attraction is study in the context of the n-dimensional: Newtonian theory of gravitation, Einstein's general relativity, and Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theory of gravitation. The presence of a cosmological constant is also considered. We find that this constant as well as the Gauss-Bonnet coupling constant are crucial to have stability for $n>4$.
description: 11 pages, 4 figs, RevTex, Phys. Rev. D, in press
Phase-resolved visualization of radio-frequency standing waves in superconducting spiral resonator for metamaterial applications
Creators: name: Leha, A. A.
name: Zhuravel, A. P.
name: Karpov, A.
name: Lukashenko, A. V.
name: Ustinov, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superconducting microcircuits and metamaterials are promising candidates for use in new generation cryogenic electronics. Their functionality is largely justified by the macroscopic distribution of electromagnetic fields in arranged unit cells, rather than by the microscopic properties of composite materials. We present a new method for visualizing the spatial structure of penetrating microwaves with microscopic resolution in planar superconducting macroscopic resonators as the most important circuit-forming elements of modern microelectronics. This method uses a low-temperature laser scanning microscope that examines the phase (i.e., direction) and amplitude of local radio-frequency currents versus the two-dimensional coordinates of the superconducting resonant structure under test. Phase-sensitive contrast is achieved by synchronizing the intensity-modulated laser radiation with the resonant harmonics of the microwave signal passing through the sample. In this case, the laser-beam-induced loss in the illuminated area will strongly depend on the local phase difference between the RF carrier signal and the spatially temporal structure of the focused laser oscillation. This approach eliminates the hardware limitations of the existing technique of radio-frequency microscopy and brings the phase-sensitive demodulation mode to the level necessary for studying the physics of superconducting metamaterials. The advantage of the presented method over the previous method of RF laser scanning microscopy is demonstrated by the example of the formation of standing waves in a spiral superconducting Archimedean resonator up to the 38th eigenmode resonance.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures
title: Heat Stability of Residual Milk Clotting Enzymes in Cheese Whey
Creators: name: Duersch, James Winter
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1976

description: Eliminating calcium chloride and replacing whole casein with k-casein eliminated clouding and sharpened diffusion boundaries in casein-agar gels used for the estimation of residual milk clotting enzymes in curd and whey. It also eliminated the need for a highly purified calcium-free agar. The substrate contained .54 percent k-casein, 3.6 percent sodium acetate, .73 percent bacto-agar and 95.13 percent water. The pH was adjusted to 5.9 with .lN hydrochloric acid.
Proteases derived from Mucor pusillus var Lindt, Mucor Miehei and Endothia parasitica, as well as rennet, procine and bovine pepsins were used at recommended levels to set milk for Cheddar cheese manufacture. Whey samples from each lot were taken at draining and adjusted to pH 5.2, 5.6, 6.0, 6.2, 6.6 and 7.0 prior to being heated to 68.3C, 71.1C and 73.9C for .25, .5, 1, 5, and 10 minutes. Enzyme activities were assayed before and after heating. Mucor miehei protease was the most heat stable at all pH values followed by Mucor pusillus protease, rennet, bovine pepsin, E. parasitica protease and porcine pepsin. The heat stability of all enzymes except E. parasitica protease decreased with increasing pH, E. parasitica protease decreased with decreasing pH.
All enzymes were inactivated at the minimum heat treatment at pH 7.0 except E. parasitica protease which was most stable at that pH. At pH 5.2 M. miehei protease persisted after a 10 minute treatment at 73.9C.
Cosmic star formation history revealed by the AKARI, & Spatially-resolved spectroscopy of an E+A (Post-starburst) system
Creators: name: Goto, Tomotsugu
name: team, the AKARI NEPD
name: Yagi, M.
name: Yamauchi, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reveal cosmic star-formation history obscured by dust using deep infrared observation with the AKARI. A continuous filter coverage in the mid-IR wavelength (2.4, 3.2, 4.1, 7, 9, 11, 15, 18, and 24um) by the AKARI satellite allows us to estimate restframe 8um and 12um luminosities without using a large extrapolation based on a SED fit, which was the largest uncertainty in previous work. We found that restframe 8um (0.38
description: To appear in "Hunting for the Dark: The Hidden Side of Galaxy Formation", Malta, 19-23 Oct. 2009, eds. V.P. Debattista & C.C. Popescu, AIP Conf. Ser
Electronic Structure of Vortices Pinned by Columnar Defects
Creators: name: Mel'nikov, A. S.
name: Samokhvalov, A. V.
name: Zubarev, M. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electronic structure of a vortex line trapped by an insulating columnar defect in a type-II superconductor is analysed within the Bogolubov-de Gennes theory. For quasiparticle trajectories with small impact parameters defined with respect to the vortex axis the normal reflection of electrons and holes at the defect surface results in the formation of an additional subgap spectral branch. The increase in the impact parameter at this branch is accompanied by the decrease of the excitation energy. When the impact parameter exceeds the radius of the defect this branch transforms into the Caroli--de Gennes--Matricon one. As a result, the minigap in the quasiparticle spectrum increases with the increase in the defect radius. The scenario of the spectrum transformation is generalized for the case of arbitrary vorticity.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Double-power-law feature of energetic particles accelerated at coronal shocks
Creators: name: Yu, Feiyu
name: Kong, Xiangliang
name: Guo, Fan
name: Liu, Wenlong
name: Jiang, Zelong
name: Chen, Yao
name: Giacalone, Joe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent observations have shown that in many large solar energetic particle (SEP) events the event-integrated differential spectra resemble double power laws. We perform numerical modeling of particle acceleration at coronal shocks propagating through a streamer-like magnetic field by solving the Parker transport equation, including protons and heavier ions. We find that for all ion species the energy spectra integrated over the simulation domain can be described by a double power law, and the break energy depends on the ion charge-to-mass ratio as $E_B \sim (Q/A)^α$, with $α$ varying from 0.16 to 1.2 by considering different turbulence spectral indices. We suggest that the double power law distribution may emerge as a result of the superposition of energetic particles from different source regions where the acceleration rates differ significantly due to particle diffusion. The diffusion and mixing of energetic particles could also provide an explanation for the increase of Fe/O at high energies as observed in some SEP events. Although further mixing processes may occur, our simulations indicate that either power-law break or rollover can occur near the Sun and predict that the spectral forms vary significantly along the shock front, which may be examined by upcoming near-Sun SEP measurements from Parker Solar Probe and Solar Orbiter.
description: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal Letters
Higher Point Spin Field Correlators in D=4 Superstring Theory
Creators: name: Haertl, D.
name: Schlotterer, O.
name: Stieberger, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Calculational tools are provided allowing to determine general tree-level scattering amplitudes for processes involving bosons and fermions in heterotic and superstring theories in four space-time dimensions. We compute higher-point superstring correlators involving massless four-dimensional fermionic and spin fields. In D=4 these correlators boil down to a product of two pure spin field correlators of left- and right-handed spin fields. This observation greatly simplifies the computation of such correlators. The latter are basic ingredients to compute multi-fermion superstring amplitudes in D=4. Their underlying fermionic structure and the fermionic couplings in the effective action are determined by these correlators.
description: 61 pages, LaTeX; v2: enlarged introduction; final version to appear in NP B; v3: little typos removed
title: The Effects of Gamma Irradiation, Color Mutation and Various Subatmospheric Pressures on the Growth and Patulin Production by Penicillium Expansum and Penicillium Patulum
Creators: name: Adams, Karl B.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1975

description: To assess the effects of gamma radiation at low doses, spores of Penicillium expansum NRRL 971 and Penicillium patulum NRRL 989 were exposed to doses of 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 krads. The amount of patulin for each culture was quantitatively determined and growth at each dose was evaluated. The results showed a 31% increase in the amount of patulin synthesis after a dose of 150 krads for Penicillium expansum At 200 krads, both fungi showed low levels of patulin production and inhibited growth.
Eight color mutants of P. expansum and eight color mutants of P. patulum were produced by exposing spores of each fungus to doses of 150 and 200 krads of gamma radiation. An evaluation of patulin production and growth for each mutant showed that color mutation could result in mutants with an enhanced ability to grow or produce increased levels of patulin.
When grown at a subatmospheric pressure of 320 mm Hg, P. expansum produced 30% more patulin per flask, when compared to control cultures. At 160 mm Hg, P. expansum showed a 75% decrease over the control cultures. P. patulum was greatly affected by the temperature of 15℃ and showed decreases both in growth and patulin production. Effective control of growth and patulin synthesis was found for these fungi at 160 mm Hg.
title: A Longitudinal Study, Part III: The Relationship of Weight, Health Status, Diet and Anxiety to Serum Cholesterol Levels in Adults
Creators: name: Saunders, Kristine S.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1976

description: Over an 18-year period, beginning in 1955, a group of subjects has been studied six times to determine if any relationship exists among serum cholesterol levels, body weight, health status, diet quality and stress or anxiety. For the first four test periods, extending through ages 7 to 16 years, there were 321 subjects. Later, in 1968, 86 of the original 321 subjects, now aged 19-22 years, were able to participate in a follow-up study. The 1974 study was able to involve 30 of the original 321 subjects now aged 26-29 years. Findings show that from approximately the fifteenth year onward serum cholesterol levels in males continue to rise in an almost linear fashion, whereas females experienced a drop in serum cholesterol levels at ages 19-22 years which was followed by a rise when they reached 26-29 years. Persons who were classified as overweight in the sixth test period had higher serum cholesterol levels than persons classified as either desirable weight or under-weight for both sexes. Anxiety levels as determined by the IPAT anxiety scale questionnaire in the sixth test period showed that for males there was a positive relationship between serum cholesterol and anxiety but for women a negative relationship was shown. Subjects with serum cholesterol levels above 250 mg/100 ml consumed diets higher in saturated fats than the subjects with serum cholesterol levels below 250 mg/100 ml. In males a significant positive correlation was shown between serum cholesterol levels and smoking.