cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Two coupled qubits under the influence of a minimal, phase-sensitive environment
Creators: name: Deçordi, G. L.
name: Vidiella-Barranco, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we investigate the influence of a minimal, phase-sensitive environment on a system of two coupled qubits. The environment is constituted by a single-mode field initially prepared in a type of Schrödinger cat state, a quantum superposition of two squeezed coherent states. We present an analytical solution to the model and investigate the degradation of the quantum features of the system due to the action of the environment. In particular, we find that the time-averaged linear entropy for long times, $\bar{S}_T$, has approximately a linear dependence on Mandel's $Q$ parameter as well as on the variance of the $\hat{X}$ quadrature of the initial state of the environment.
description: 14 pages, 13 figures. This version contains an additional section about the dynamics of quantum coherence
Chemically-Mediated quantum criticality in NbFe_2
Creators: name: Alam, Aftab
name: Johnson, D. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Laves-phase Nb{1+c}Fe_{2-c} is a rare itinerant intermetallic compound exhibiting magnetic quantum criticality at c_{cr}=1.5%Nb excess; its origin, and how alloying mediates it, remains an enigma. For NbFe_2, we show that an unconventional band critical point (uBCP) above the Fermi level E_F explains most observations, and that chemical alloying mediates access to this uBCP by an increase in E_F with decreasing electrons (increasing %Nb), counter to rigid-band concepts. We calculate that E_F enters the uBCP region for c_{cr} > 1.5%Nb and by 1.74%Nb there is no Nb site-occupation preference between symmetry-distinct Fe sites, i.e., no electron-hopping disorder, making resistivity near constant as observed. At larger Nb (Fe) excess, the ferromagnetic Stoner criterion is satisfied.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Testing the Myths of Transition: Was Estonia Following the Shock Therapy Model and Slovenia Following the Gradualist Model in 1991-2000?
Creators: name: Veebel, Viljar
name: Namm, Andra
name: Tillmann, Taavi
Publisher: name: Studies of Transition States and Societies
Year: 2014
Subjects: informal economy; tax morality; taxation; neo-liberalism; social Europe

description: The aim of this paper is to conduct an exploratory analysis of factors that might explain the cross-national variations in the level tax morality across the European Union. In order to do this, three competing explanations for the cross-national variations in tax morality will be evaluated which variously view lower levels of tax morality to be a result of either: under-development (a modernisation explanation); high taxes, state corruption and too much state interference (a neo-liberal explanation), or too little state redistribution and intervention to protect citizens (a structuralist explanation). Evaluating the cross-national variations in tax morality reported in a 2007 Eurobarometer survey using multi level econometric techniques, the finding is that the tax morality of a baseline European citizen is higher in more developed and less corrupt nations and in countries with higher levels of taxation, social protection and redistribution. The outcome is a call for a synthesis of the three explanations in the form of a new neo-modernisation explanation which, contrary to neo-liberal discourse, argues that developed nations with higher levels of taxation, greater levels of social protection and higher levels of redistribution have higher levels of tax morality. The tentative policy implications are then discussed.
description: Studies of Transition States and Societies, Vol 6, No 2 (2014)
A new bound on Lorentz violation based on the absence of vacuum Cherenkov radiation in ultra-high energy air showers
Creators: name: Duenkel, Fabian
name: Niechciol, Marcus
name: Risse, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In extensive air showers induced by ultra-high energy (UHE) cosmic rays, secondary particles are produced with energies far above those accessible by other means. These extreme energies can be used to search for new physics. We study the effects of isotropic, nonbirefringent Lorentz violation in the photon sector. In case of a photon velocity smaller than the maximum attainable velocity of standard Dirac fermions, vacuum Cherenkov radiation becomes possible. Implementing this Lorentz-violating effect in air shower simulations, a significant reduction of the calculated average atmospheric depth of the shower maximum $\left$ is obtained. Based on $\left$ and its shower-to-shower fluctuations $σ(X_\text{max})$, a new bound on Lorentz violation is derived which improves the previous one by a factor of 2. This is the first such bound based on the absence of vacuum Cherenkov radiation from fundamental particles (electrons and positrons) in air showers. Options for further improvements are discussed.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2106.01012
Maximal Entropy Random Walk: solvable cases of dynamics
Creators: name: Ochab, Jeremi K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We focus on the study of dynamics of two kinds of random walk: generic random walk (GRW) and maximal entropy random walk (MERW) on two model networks: Cayley trees and ladder graphs. The stationary probability distribution for MERW is given by the squared components of the eigenvector associated with the largest eigenvalue λ_0 of the adjacency matrix of a graph, while the dynamics of the probability distribution approaching to the stationary state depends on the second largest eigenvalue λ_1. Firstly, we give analytic solutions for Cayley trees with arbitrary branching number, root degree, and number of generations. We determine three regimes of a tree structure that result in different statics and dynamics of MERW, which are due to strongly, critically, and weakly branched roots. We show how the relaxation times, generically shorter for MERW than for GRW, scale with the graph size. Secondly, we give numerical results for ladder graphs with symmetric defects. MERW shows a clear exponential growth of the relaxation time with the size of defective regions, which indicates trapping of a particle within highly entropic intact region and its escaping that resembles quantum tunneling through a potential barrier. GRW shows standard diffusive dependence irrespective of the defects.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures, 24th Marian Smoluchowski Symposium on Statistical Physics (Zakopane, Poland, September 17-22, 2011)
Pavement Settlement Issues and Hydro-Geochemical Water Testing Results for the Cumberland Gap Tunnel
Creators: name: Rister, Brad
name: Graves, Clark
name: Dinger, Jim
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: Both Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) surveys and Hydro-Geochemical Water Testing (HGWT) have been performed at the Cumberland Gap Tunnel to determine why the reinforced concrete pavement has settled in various areas throughout both tunnels. To date, approximately 7,300 total square feet of pavement surface has voids beneath it that range from 0.05 to 40 inches in depth. Both GPR and HGWT results indicate that approximately 0.75 to 1.5 cubic yards of limestone sub-base material leaves the tunnel in solution form on a monthly basis. Furthermore, HGWT results indicate that the ground water beneath the tunnels is calcium deficient. Thus allowing the water to dissolve the limestone sub-base. Approximately 500,000 to 1 million gallons of water flows through the tunnel’s ground water collection system on a daily basis.  Attempts to fix/shore-up the settled pavement areas were performed in 2002, 2007, and 2008. In 2002, UreTek foam was placed beneath approximately 2000 square feet of settled pavement for shoring purposes. In 2007, approximately 150 lineal feet of both pavement and backfill were removed and replaced with inert granite backfill material and a new reinforced concrete pavement. In 2008, approximately 51 cubic yards of cement grout material was placed beneath approximately 7,400 total square feet of settled pavement for shoring purposes.  There are several strategies outlined in this report to address both short-term and long-term remediation. However, there are certain strategies that may prevail over others. It is proposed that grout material should be placed beneath the pavement structure, at an estimated cost of $50,000 to $100,000/year, as a short term assurance measure. It is proposed that approximately 2,800 lineal feet of pavement and backfill material be removed in both tunnels and replaced with an inert granite backfill and a new 10 inch reinforced concrete pavement be installed for a long-term remediation (estimated costs $10,000,000).
Distracted Driving – Preliminary Analysis and Survey
Creators: name: Pigman, Jerry G.
name: Agent, Kenneth R.
name: Green, Eric R.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: This report primarily focuses on an attempt to document the level of driver distraction existing in Kentucky through an analysis of crash data and by conducting an observational survey of drivers. Additional research is cited as a means of comparing other studies with results from Kentucky, as well as establishing a definition of distracted driving. The status of laws related to use of cell phones in other states was summarized, and the recently passed legislation in Kentucky was noted by incorporation of the full text as an appendix.  It was determined from analysis of Kentucky data that if the three categories of human factors (inattention, distraction,and cell phone) listed on the traffic collision report are combined; the total would be 53,223 collisions and 184 fatal collisions. These numbers represent 43.1 percent of the total collisions and 24.5 percent of the fatal collisions in 2008. Detailed analyses were performed to determine where driver distraction was listed as a contributing factor. Included were five years of data from 2004 through 2008, involving 4,143 fatal crashes. Combining the percentages for cell phones (0.8 percent) with those for driver distraction (1.1 percent) and driver inattention (1.2 percent-where there was evidence of a distraction) results in the finding that 3.1 percent of fatal collisions can be directly related to a driver distraction. Results from the observational survey show the following weighted averages of percentages of distraction categories: 7.3% - cell phone use; 0.2% - hands free cell use; 0.9% - keying; 1.6% - other distraction. These results were similar to those obtained by an observational study by NHTSA in 2008.
Dynamical decoupling of superconducting qubits
Creators: name: Li, Jian
name: Paraoanu, G. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that two superconducting qubits interacting via a fixed transversal coupling can be decoupled by appropriately-designed microwave feld excitations applied to each qubit. This technique is useful for removing the effects of spurious interactions in a quantum processor. We also simulate the case of a qubit coupled to a two-level system (TLS) present in the insulating layer of the Josephson junction of the qubit. Finally, we discuss the qubit-TLS problem in the context of dispersive measurements, where the qubit is coupled to a resonator.
description: 4 figures, 6 pages
Political Youth Organisations, Music and National Identity in Contemporary Russia
Creators: name: Pierobon, Chiara
Publisher: name: Studies of Transition States and Societies
Year: 2014
Subjects: Russian civil society; Russian music; post-Soviet Russian national identity; cultural trauma

description: This article analyses the relationship between political youth organisations, music and national identity in contemporary Russia. It focuses on four of the most representative political youth groups present in the city of St. Petersburg – the Young Guard, the National Bolsheviks, the Movement Against Illegal Immigration (DPNI), and Oborona [Defence] – and describes their conceptualisation of post-Soviet Russianness, as captured through an analysis of their lyrics. The main contribution of this empirical study is the detection of convergences and divergences with regard to the national identity issue characterising youth organisations that position themselves diff erently in the Russian political spectrum.
description: Studies of Transition States and Societies, Vol 6, No 2 (2014)
Review of State Laws and Practices for Disposition of Re-Aligned or Bypassed Segments and Associated ROW
Creators: name: O'Connell, Lenahan
name: Grossardt, Ted
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: This study identified the laws and practices of 11 state DOTs in regard to the transfer of responsibility for re-aligned or bypassed state highway system roads to local jurisdictions - usually cities or counties. Each state's approach to such transfers was identified by obtaining and analyzing the relevant state statutes and then conducting telephone interviews with strategically placed individuals at the associated DOT. Four states require local approval before the state can abandon a road. These four have a policy of obtaining written consent for the transfer of responsibility for maintenance and do so most often prior to construction of a bypass or re-aligned route. Copies of these negotiated agreements were obtained and analyzed. All copies are in appendix three.
Topological dynamical quantum phase transition in a quantum skyrmion phase
Creators: name: Vijayan, Vipin
name: Chotorlishvili, L.
name: Ernst, A.
name: Parkin, S. S. P.
name: Katsnelson, M. I.
name: Mishra, S. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum skyrmionic phase is modelled in a 2D helical spin lattice. This topological skyrmionic phase retains its nature in a large parameter space before moving to a ferromagnetic phase. Next nearest-neighbour interaction improves the stability and it also causes a shift of the topological phase in the parameter space. Nonanalytic behaviour of the rate function observed, when the system which is initially in a quantum skyrmion phase is quenched to a trivial quantum ferromagnetic phase, indicates a dynamical quantum phase transition. Dynamical quantum phase transition is absent when the system initially in a skyrmion phase is quenched to a helical phase.
SDSS galaxies with double-peaked emission lines: double starbursts or AGNs?
Creators: name: Pilyugin, L. S.
name: Zinchenko, I. A.
name: Cedres, B.
name: Cepa, J.
name: Bongiovanni, A.
name: Mattsson, L.
name: Vilchez, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the aim of investigating galaxies with two strong simultaneous starbursts, we have extracted a sample of galaxies with double-peaked emission lines in their global spectra from the SDSS spectral database. We then fitted the emission lines Halpha, Hbeta, [OIII]5007, [NII]6584, [SII]6717 and [SII]6731 of 129 spectra by two Gaussians to separate the radiation of the two (blue and red) components. A more or less reliable decomposition of the all those emission lines have been found for 55 spectra. Using a standard BPT classification diagram, we have been able to divide the galaxies from our sample into two subsamples: Sample A consisting of 18 galaxies where both components belong to the photoionised class of objects, and Sample B containing 37 galaxies which show non-thermal ionisation (AGNs). We have examined the properties of the blue and red components, and found that the differences between radial velocities of components lie within 200 - 400 km/s for galaxies of both subsamples. The equivalent number of ionising stars is in the range 10^4 - 10^5 O7V stars for each component in the galaxies of Sample A. We have estimated the oxygen and nitrogen abundances as well as the electron temperatures for each component using the recent NS-calibration and from global spectra for galaxies from Sample A using both the NS and ON-calibration. We have found that the global oxygen abundance is typically in between the measured abundances of individual components for our sample of galaxies, and that both calibrations provide consistent global abundances. Finally, we suggest the classical O/H -- N/O diagram is used to test the reliability of the dividing lines between starburst-like objects and AGNs in the so-called BPT diagram.
description: 13 pages, 13 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Assessment of Kentucky's Historic Truss Bridges
Creators: name: O'Connell, Lenahan
name: Grossardt, Ted H.
name: Ripy, John
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: This study created an information base to improve decisions about the replacement or rehabilitation of historic truss bridges. During the first phase of the research, information on the history and design of the 109 bridges in the study was assembled. With the assistance of historic preservation professionals, 75 of those bridges were selected for further study for their potential for rehabilitation. During the second phase, the KTC research team, engineers from the KYTC bridge division, and 12 highway district engineers, who are responsible for the day-to-day care and maintenance of the bridges, evaluated the condition and functional context of the 75 bridges. The goal was to identify those that are good candidates for preservation through rehabilitation. The district engineers were of the opinion that only 14 of the 75 bridges needed to be replaced. However, there was an additional subset of 13 bridges that, in their opinion, present some significant obstacles to preservation related to functional inadequacy or some other problem with the bridge. The bridge engineers estimated considerably higher levels of effort to preserve these 13 bridges (an average of 7.42 on a 10 point scale) than for the 48 remaining bridges (an average of 3.82 on the 10 point scale).
Dependence of nuclear spin singlet lifetimes on RF spin-locking power
Creators: name: DeVience, Stephen J.
name: Walsworth, Ronald L.
name: Rosen, Matthew S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measure the lifetime of long-lived nuclear spin singlet states as a function of the strength of the RF spin-locking field and present a simple theoretical model that agrees well with our measurements, including the low-RF-power regime. We also measure the lifetime of a long-lived coherence between singlet and triplet states that does not require a spin-locking field for preservation. Our results indicate that for many molecules, singlet states can be created using weak RF spin-locking fields: more than two orders of magnitude lower RF power than in previous studies. Our findings suggest that in many biomolecules, singlets and related states with enhanced lifetimes might be achievable in vivo with safe levels of RF power.
Topology of probability measure spaces, II
Creators: name: Banakh, Taras
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18B30, 28A33, 28C15, 54B30, 54H05

description: This paper is a follow-up to the author's work "Topology of probability measure space, I" devoted to investigation of the functors $\hat P$ and $P_τ$ of spaces of probability $τ$-smooth and Radon measures. In this part, we study the barycenter map for spaces of Radon probability measures. The obtained results are applied to show that the functor $\hat P$ is monadic in the category of metrizable spaces. Also we show that the functors $\hat P$ and $P_τ$ admit liftings to the category $BMetr$ of bounded metric spaces and also to the category $Unif$ of uniform spaces, and investigate properties of those liftings.
description: 12 pages; This text is an English translation (made by Oles Potyatynyk) of the Russian original paper from 1995
Nucleon Resonance Electrocouplings from the CLAS Meson Electroproduction Data
Creators: name: Aznauryan, I. G.
name: Burkert, V. D.
name: Mokeev, V. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transition helicity amplitudes $γ_{v}NN^*$ (electrocouplings) were determined for prominent excited proton states with masses below 1.8 GeV in independent analyses of major meson electroproduction channels: $π^{+}n$, $π^0p$ and $π^+π^-p$. Consistent results on resonance electrocouplings obtained from analyses of these exclusive reactions with different non-resonant contributions demonstrate reliable extraction of these fundamental quantities for states that have significant decays for either $Nπ$ or $Nππ$ channels. Preliminary results on electrocouplings of $N^*$ states with masses above 1.6 GeV have become available from the CLAS data on $π^+π^-p$ electroproduction off protons for the first time. Comparison with quark models and coupled-channel approaches strongly suggest that $N^*$ structure is determined by contributions from an internal core of three constituent quarks and an external meson-baryon cloud at the distances covered in these measurements with the CLAS detector.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Hydrodynamics of Superfluid Helium in a Single Nanohole
Creators: name: Savard, M.
name: Dauphinais, G.
name: Gervais, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The flow of liquid helium through a single nanohole with radius smaller than 25 nm was studied for the first time. Mass flow was induced by applying a pressure difference of up to 1.4 bar across a 50 nm thick Si3N4 membrane and was measured directly by means of mass spectrometry. In liquid He I, we experimentally show that the fluid is not clamped by the short pipe with diameter-to-length ratio D/L~1, despite the small diameter of the nanohole. This viscous flow is quantitatively understood by making use of a model of flow in short pipes. In liquid He II, a two-fluid model for mass flow is used to extract the superfluid velocity in the nanohole for different pressure heads at temperatures close to the superfluid transition. These velocities compare well to existing data for the critical superflow of liquid helium in other confined systems.
description: To appear in Physical Review Letters
Observation of an Inner-Shell Orbital Clock Transition in Neutral Ytterbium Atoms
Creators: name: Ishiyama, Taiki
name: Ono, Koki
name: Takano, Tetsushi
name: Sunaga, Ayaki
name: Takahashi, Yoshiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We observe a weakly allowed optical transition of atomic ytterbium from the ground state to the metastable state $4f^{13}5d6s^2 \: (J=2)$ for all five bosonic and two fermionic isotopes with resolved Zeeman and hyperfine structures. This inner-shell orbital transition has been proposed as a new frequency standard as well as a quantum sensor for new physics. We find magic wavelengths through the measurement of the scalar and tensor polarizabilities and reveal that the measured trap lifetime in a three-dimensional optical lattice is 1.9(1) s, which is crucial for precision measurements. We also determine the $g$ factor by an interleaved measurement, consistent with our relativistic atomic calculation. This work opens the possibility of an optical lattice clock with improved stability and accuracy as well as novel approaches for physics beyond the standard model.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures
Variations in Post-Communist Europe: a Worthwhile Addition
Creators: name: Saar, Ellu
name: Unt, Marge
Publisher: name: Studies of Transition States and Societies
Year: 2014
Subjects: Post-Communist Europe; book review; Baltic; Slovenia; Lithuania; Qualitative Comparative Analysis; Post-Communist Transformation; Zenonas Norkus

description: Studies of Transition States and Societies, Vol 6, No 2 (2014)
Accurate and fast numerical solution of Poisson's equation for arbitrary, space-filling Voronoi polyhedra: near-field corrections revisited
Creators: name: Alam, Aftab
name: Wilson, Brian G.
name: Johnson, D. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an accurate and rapid solution of Poisson's equation for space-filling, arbitrarily- shaped, convex Voronoi polyhedra (VP); the method is O(NVP), where NVP is the number of distinct VP representing the system. In effect, we resolve the longstanding problem of fast but accurate numerical solution of the near-field corrections (NFC), contributions to each VP potential from nearby VP - typically involving multipole-type conditionally-convergent sums, or fast Fourier transforms. Our method avoids all ill-convergent sums, is simple, accurate, efficient, and works generally, i.e., for periodic solids, molecules, or systems with disorder or imperfections. We demonstrate the method's practicality by numerical calculations compared to exactly solvable models.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures, 1 Table
Impulsive Phase Coronal Hard X-ray Sources in an X3.9 Class Solar Flare
Creators: name: Chen, Qingrong
name: Petrosian, Vahe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: [Abridged]We present analysis of a pair of unusually energetic coronal hard X-ray (HXR) sources detected by RHESSI during the impulsive phase of an X3.9 class solar flare on 2003 November 3, which simultaneously shows two intense footpoint (FP) sources. A distinct loop top (LT) coronal source is detected up to ~150 keV and a second (upper) coronal source up to ~80 keV. These photon energies are much higher than commonly observed in coronal sources and pose grave modeling challenges. The LT source in general appears higher in altitude with increasing energy and exhibits a more limited motion compared to the expansion of the thermal loop. The high energy LT source shows an impulsive time profile and its nonthermal power law spectrum exhibits soft-hard-soft evolution during the impulsive phase, similar to the FP sources. The upper coronal source exhibits an opposite spatial gradient and a similar spectral slope compared to the LT source. These properties are consistent with the model of stochastic acceleration of electrons by plasma waves or turbulence. However, the LT and FP spectral index difference (varying from ~0-1) is much smaller than commonly measured and than that expected from a simple stochastic acceleration model. Additional confinement or trapping mechanisms of high energy electrons in the corona are required. Comprehensive modeling including both kinetic effects and the macroscopic flare structure may shed light on this behavior. These results highlight the importance of imaging spectroscopic observations of the LT and FP sources up to high energies in understanding electron acceleration in solar flares. Finally, we show that the electrons producing the upper coronal HXR source may very likely be responsible for the type III radio bursts at the decimetric/metric wavelength observed during the impulsive phase of this flare.
description: 13 emulateapj pages, 10 figures; accepted for publication in ApJ
Contested borders and women’s political representation in former soviet states: parliamentary elections in Georgia and Abkhazia
Creators: name: Connolly, Eileen
name: Ó Beacháin Stefańczak, Karolina
Publisher: name: Studies of Transition States and Societies
Year: 2015
Subjects: Gender political representation; Former Soviet States; elections; Georgia; Abkhazia; De Facto states;

description: The post-Soviet republics, outside the EU, have a comparatively poor record on women’s parliamentary representation. This has been blamed on the negative legacy of the Soviet system on contemporary gender relations, the complex relationship between the electoral and party systems and on-going political instability. An aspect of this instability is the emergence of de facto states within the internationally recognised boundaries of the former Soviet republics. Research on this region has also underlined the importance of in-depth studies of women representation in the form of single country case studies that have the capacity to tease out these sets of relationships. In this context examining both the ‘parent’ and the ‘de facto’ state allows the trajectory of the gender dimension of the political system to be examined comparatively in two political entities that share a recent political, economic and social history. As a contribution to this debate this paper examines the gender dimensions of two parliamentary contests in 2012, one in the de facto state of Abkhazia and the other in its parent state of Georgia, as a means of analysing the factors that explain the level of women’s formal political representation in these states.
description: Studies of Transition States and Societies, Vol 7, No 1 (2015)
Inequalities generalizing the second law of thermodynamics for transitions between non-stationary states
Creators: name: Verley, Gatien
name: Chétrite, Raphaël
name: Lacoste, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the consequences of a variant of the Hatano-Sasa relation in which a non-stationary distribution is used in place of the usual stationary one. We first show that this non-stationary distribution is related to a difference of traffic between the direct and dual dynamics. With this formalism, we extend the definition of the adiabatic and non-adiabatic entropies introduced by M. Esposito and C. Van den Broeck in Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 090601 (2010) for the stationary case. We also obtain interesting second-law like inequalities for transitions between non-stationary states.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Convective boundary mixing in main-sequence stars: theory and empirical constraints
Creators: name: Anders, Evan H.
name: Pedersen, May G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The convective envelopes of solar-type stars and the convective cores of intermediate- and high-mass stars share boundaries with stable radiative zones. Through a host of processes we collectively refer to as "convective boundary mixing" (CBM), convection can drive efficient mixing in these nominally stable regions. In this review, we discuss the current state of CBM research in the context of main-sequence stars through three lenses. (1) We examine the most frequently implemented 1D prescriptions of CBM -- exponential overshoot, step overshoot, and convective penetration -- and we include a discussion of implementation degeneracies and how to convert between various prescriptions. (2) Next, we examine the literature of CBM from a fluid dynamical perspective, with a focus on three distinct processes: convective overshoot, entrainment, and convective penetration. (3) Finally, we discuss observational inferences regarding how much mixing should occur in the cores of intermediate- and high-mass stars, and the implied constraints that these observations place on 1D CBM implementations. We conclude with a discussion of pathways forward for future studies to place better constraints on this difficult challenge in stellar evolution modeling.
description: Appears roughly as published; invited review in the Galaxies special issue, "The Structure and Evolution of Stars". Supplementary materials can be found online in a Zenodo repository at https://zenodo.org/record/7735067
Optimal cellular mobility for synchronization arising from the gradual recovery of intercellular interactions
Creators: name: Uriu, Koichiro
name: Ares, Saul
name: Oates, Andrew C.
name: Morelli, Luis G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cell movement and intercellular signaling occur simultaneously during the development of tissues, but little is known about how movement affects signaling. Previous theoretical studies have shown that faster moving cells favor synchronization across a population of locally coupled genetic oscillators. An important assumption in these studies is that cells can immediately interact with their new neighbors after arriving at a new location. However, intercellular interactions in cellular systems may need some time to become fully established. How movement affects synchronization in this situation has not been examined. Here we develop a coupled phase oscillator model in which we consider cell movement and the gradual recovery of intercellular coupling experienced by a cell after movement, characterized by a moving rate and a coupling recovery rate respectively. We find (1) an optimal moving rate for synchronization, and (2) a critical moving rate above which achieving synchronization is not possible. These results indicate that the extent to which movement enhances synchrony is limited by a gradual recovery of coupling. These findings suggest that the ratio of time scales of movement and signaling recovery is critical for information transfer between moving cells.
description: 18 single column pages + 1 table + 5 figures + Supporting Information
Optimal task and motion planning and execution for human-robot multi-agent systems in dynamic environments
Creators: name: Faroni, Marco
name: Umbrico, Alessandro
name: Beschi, Manuel
name: Orlandini, Andrea
name: Cesta, Amedeo
name: Pedrocchi, Nicola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Combining symbolic and geometric reasoning in multi-agent systems is a challenging task that involves planning, scheduling, and synchronization problems. Existing works overlooked the variability of task duration and geometric feasibility that is intrinsic to these systems because of the interaction between agents and the environment. We propose a combined task and motion planning approach to optimize sequencing, assignment, and execution of tasks under temporal and spatial variability. The framework relies on decoupling tasks and actions, where an action is one possible geometric realization of a symbolic task. At the task level, timeline-based planning deals with temporal constraints, duration variability, and synergic assignment of tasks. At the action level, online motion planning plans for the actual movements dealing with environmental changes. We demonstrate the approach effectiveness in a collaborative manufacturing scenario, in which a robotic arm and a human worker shall assemble a mosaic in the shortest time possible. Compared with existing works, our approach applies to a broader range of applications and reduces the execution time of the process.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication on IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics in March 2023
Photometric transit search for planets around cool stars from the western Italian Alps: A pilot study
Creators: name: Giacobbe, P.
name: Damasso, M.
name: Sozzetti, A.
name: Toso, G.
name: Perdoncin, M.
name: Calcidese, P.
name: Bernagozzi, A.
name: Bertolini, E.
name: Lattanzi, M. G.
name: Smart, R. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: [ABRIDGED] In this study, we set out to a) demonstrate the sensitivity to <4 R_E transiting planets with periods of a few days around our program stars, and b) improve our knowledge of some astrophysical properties(e.g., activity, rotation) of our targets by combining spectroscopic information and our differential photometric measurements. We achieve a typical nightly RMS photometric precision of ~5 mmag, with little or no dependence on the instrumentation used or on the details of the adopted methods for differential photometry. The presence of correlated (red) noise in our data degrades the precision by a factor ~1.3 with respect to a pure white noise regime. Based on a detailed stellar variability analysis, a) we detected no transit-like events; b) we determined photometric rotation periods of ~0.47 days and ~0.22 days for LHS 3445 and GJ 1167A, respectively; c) these values agree with the large projected rotational velocities (~25 km/s and ~33 km/s, respectively) inferred for both stars based on the analysis of archival spectra; d) the estimated inclinations of the stellar rotation axes for LHS 3445 and GJ 1167A are consistent with those derived using a simple spot model; e) short-term, low-amplitude flaring events were recorded for LHS 3445 and LHS 2686. Finally, based on simulations of transit signals of given period and amplitude injected in the actual (nightly reduced) photometric data for our sample, we derive a relationship between transit detection probability and phase coverage. We find that, using the BLS search algorithm, even when phase coverage approaches 100%, there is a limit to the detection probability of ~90%. Around program stars with phase coverage >50% we would have had >80% chances of detecting planets with P<1 day inducing fractional transit depths >0.5%, corresponding to minimum detectable radii in the range 1.0-2.2 R_E. [ABRIDGED]
description: 23 pages, 17 figures, 7 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Improving Intersection Design Practices Final Report - Phase I
Creators: name: Stamatiadis, Nikiforos
name: Kirk, Adam
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: The purpose of this report is to document the development of the Intersection Design Alternative Tool (IDAT) developed for the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet. IDAT provides an automated objective design and evaluation approach of 14 alternative intersection designs to assist in the conceptual design of at grade intersections. The tool evaluates intersection operations, safety performance, bicycle/pedestrian accommodation and has the ability to assist access management implementation.
Final Warranty Evaluation I-275 Kenton/Boone Counties MP 1.06-7.15
Creators: name: Skully Jr., Tim C.
name: Graves, R. Clark
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: The center performed a visual survey on the eastbound and westbound side of the pavement on the warranted section of I-275. The center’s evaluation team looked for any distresses that exceeded the threshold levels outlined in the warranty specification.
Dimensionality Collapse: Optimal Measurement Selection for Low-Error Infinite-Horizon Forecasting
Creators: name: Naumer, Helmuth
name: Kamalabadi, Farzad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This work introduces a method to select linear functional measurements of a vector-valued time series optimized for forecasting distant time-horizons. By formulating and solving the problem of sequential linear measurement design as an infinite-horizon problem with the time-averaged trace of the Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) for forecasting as the cost, the most informative data can be collected irrespective of the eventual forecasting algorithm. By introducing theoretical results regarding measurements under additive noise from natural exponential families, we construct an equivalent problem from which a local dimensionality reduction can be derived. This alternative formulation is based on the future collapse of dimensionality inherent in the limiting behavior of many differential equations and can be directly observed in the low-rank structure of the CRLB for forecasting. Implementations of both an approximate dynamic programming formulation and the proposed alternative are illustrated using an extended Kalman filter for state estimation, with results on simulated systems with limit cycles and chaotic behavior demonstrating a linear improvement in the CRLB as a function of the number of collapsing dimensions of the system.
description: 33 Pages, 9 Figures, To appear in Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS) 2023
Ultrathin compound semiconductor on insulator layers for high performance nanoscale transistors
Creators: name: Ko, Hyunhyub
name: Takei, Kuniharu
name: Kapadia, Rehan
name: Chuang, Steven
name: Fang, Hui
name: Leu, Paul W.
name: Ganapathi, Kartik
name: Plis, Elena
name: Kim, Ha Sul
name: Chen, Szu-Ying
name: Madsen, Morten
name: Ford, Alexandra C.
name: Chueh, Yu-Lun
name: Krishna, Sanjay
name: Salahuddin, Sayeef
name: Javey, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Over the past several years, the inherent scaling limitations of electron devices have fueled the exploration of high carrier mobility semiconductors as a Si replacement to further enhance the device performance. In particular, compound semiconductors heterogeneously integrated on Si substrates have been actively studied, combining the high mobility of III-V semiconductors and the well-established, low cost processing of Si technology. This integration, however, presents significant challenges. Conventionally, heteroepitaxial growth of complex multilayers on Si has been explored. Besides complexity, high defect densities and junction leakage currents present limitations in the approach. Motivated by this challenge, here we utilize an epitaxial transfer method for the integration of ultrathin layers of single-crystalline InAs on Si/SiO2 substrates. As a parallel to silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology14,we use the abbreviation "XOI" to represent our compound semiconductor-on-insulator platform. Through experiments and simulation, the electrical properties of InAs XOI transistors are explored, elucidating the critical role of quantum confinement in the transport properties of ultrathin XOI layers. Importantly, a high quality InAs/dielectric interface is obtained by the use of a novel thermally grown interfacial InAsOx layer (~1 nm thick). The fabricated FETs exhibit an impressive peak transconductance of ~1.6 mS/μm at VDS=0.5V with ON/OFF current ratio of greater than 10,000 and a subthreshold swing of 107-150 mV/decade for a channel length of ~0.5 μm.
Global dynamic scaling relations of HI-rich ultra-diffuse galaxies
Creators: name: Hu, Hui-Jie
name: Guo, Qi
name: Zheng, Zheng
name: Yang, Hang
name: Tsai, Chao-Wei
name: Zhang, Hong-Xin
name: Zhang, Zhi-Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The baryonic Tully-Fisher relation (BTFR), which connects the baryonic mass of galaxies with their circular velocities, has been validated across a wide range of galaxies, from dwarf galaxies to massive galaxies. Recent studies have found that several ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) deviate significantly from the BTFR, indicating a galaxy population with abnormal dynamical properties. However, such studies were still confined within a small sample size. In this study, we used the 100% complete Arecibo Legacy Fast Arecibo L-band Feed Array (ALFALFA) to investigate the BTFR of 88 HI-rich UDGs (HUDGs), which is the largest UDG sample with dynamical information. We found that the HUDGs form a continuous distribution in the BTFR diagram, with high-velocity galaxies consistent with normal dwarf galaxies at 1 $σ$ level, and low-velocity galaxies deviating from the BTFR, in line with that reported in the literature. We point out that the observed deviation may be subject to various selection effects or systemic biases. Nevertheless, we found that the significance of the deviation of HUDGs from the BTFR and TFR are different, i.e., they either deviate from the BTFR or from the TFR. Our result indicates that a high-gas fraction may play an important role in explaining the deviation of HUDGs from BTFR.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in ApJL
Morality, Normativity, and Economic Development in Slovakia
Creators: name: Karjanen, David
Publisher: name: Studies of Transition States and Societies
Year: 2015
Subjects: property; Slovakia; economic development; debate; morality

description: This article examines debates over local economic development policies and practices in contemporary Slovakia, particularly regarding property and land development. Debates about economic development often occur in relation to economic outcomes, driven by quantitative data and empirical assessments provided by city officials or consultants. In this article, I find that such debates are more likely to be driven by normative concerns, including moral outcomes. I develop a theoretical framework to understand why policy debates occur not in purely objective terms, but the more subjective normative and moral frameworks. The analysis provides greater insight into political debates and policymaking in the postsocialist context.
description: Studies of Transition States and Societies, Vol 7, No 1 (2015)