cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Relativistic Winds from Compact Gamma-Ray Sources: II. Pair Loading and Radiative Acceleration in Gamma-ray Bursts
Creators: name: Thompson, Christopher
name: Madau, Piero
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the effects of rapid pair creation by an intense pulse of gamma-rays propagating ahead of a relativistic shock. Side-scattered photons colliding with the main gamma-ray beam amplify the density of scattering charges. The acceleration rate of the pair-loaded medium is calculated, and its limiting bulk Lorentz factor related to the spectrum and compactness of the photon source. One obtains, as a result, a definite prediction for the relative inertia in baryons and pairs. The deceleration of a relativistic shock in the moving medium, and the resulting synchrotron emissivity, are compared with existing calculations for a static medium. The radiative efficiency is increased dramatically by pair loading. When the initial ambient density exceeds a critical value, the scattering depth traversed by the main gamma-ray pulse rises above unity, and the pulse is broadened. These considerations place significant constraints on burst progenitors: a pre-burst mass loss rate exceeding 10^{-5} M_\odot per year is difficult to reconcile with individual pulses narrower than 10 s, unless the radiative efficiency is low. An anisotropic gamma-ray flux (on an angular scale Γ^{-1} or larger) drives a large velocity shear that greatly increases the energy in the seed magnetic field forward of the propagating shock.
description: 19 pp., LaTeX (aaspp4.sty), revised 12/23/99, Ap. J. in press; summary section added and several minor improvements in presentation
Detection of Neutralino Annihilation Photons from External Galaxies
Creators: name: Baltz, E. A.
name: Briot, C.
name: Salati, P.
name: Taillet, R.
name: Silk, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider neutralino annihilation in dense extragalactic systems known to be dominated by dark matter, in particular M87 and several local dwarf spheroidal galaxies. These annihilations can produce energetic gamma rays which may be visible to atmospheric Cerenkov telescopes. We explore the supersymmetric parameter space, and compute the expected flux of gamma--rays coming from these objects. It is shown that some parts of the parameter space lead to a signal observable with the next generation of Cerenkov telescopes, provided the supersymmetric dark matter has a clumpy structure, as may be expected in a hierarchical scenario for structure formation.
description: revtex: 13 pages, 9 figures
Taming electronic decoherence in 1D chiral ballistic quantum conductors
Creators: name: Cabart, C.
name: Roussel, B.
name: Fève, G.
name: Degiovanni, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although interesting per se, decoherence and relaxation of single-electron excitations induced by strong effective screened Coulomb interactions in Quantum Hall edge channels are an important challenge for the applications of electron quantum optics in quantum information and quantum sensing. In this paper, we study intrinsic single-electron decoherence within an ideal single-electron channel with long-range effective Coulomb interactions to determine the influence of the material and sample properties. We find that weak-coupling materials characterized by a high velocity of hot-electron excitations may offer interesting perspectives for limiting intrinsic decoherence due to electron/electron interactions. We discuss quantitively how extrinsic decoherence due to the coupling with the channel's electromagnetic environment can be efficiently inhibited in specially designed samples at $ν=2$ with one closed edge channel and we propose a realistic geometry for testing decoherence control in an Hong Ou Mandel experiment.
description: 28 pages, 28 figures
Negative s and Light New Physics
Creators: name: Bamert, P.
name: Burgess, C. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the difference between SLD's recent measurement of ALR and the corresponding LEP results, we explore which kinds of new particles can (1) contribute dominantly to new physics through oblique corrections, (2) produce negative values for S and T, and (3) not be in conflict with any other experiments, on or off the Z resonance. We are typically led to models which involve new particles which are not much heavier than MZ/2, and so which may also have implications for other experiments in the near future. For such light particles, we show how the oblique-parameter analysis of purely Z-pole data requires the interpretation of the data in terms of modified parameters, S' and T', whose difference from S and T improves the available parameter space of the models.
description: plain TeX, 16 pages, 6 figures attached as a uuencoded file, McGill-94/27, NEIP-94-005
The Spin Dependence of Diffractive Processes and Implications for the Small $x$ Behaviour of $g_1$ and the Spin Content of the Nucleon
Creators: name: Close, F. E.
name: Roberts, R. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that if the Lorentz transformation properties of diffraction are other than scalar, the $x \rightarrow 0$ behaviour of $g_1(x,Q^2)$ can grow. We compare with new data on $g_1^p$ from SMC, assess implications for sum rules and for future studies of sea polarisation.
description: 9 pages + 1 figure added as a postscript file which should be stripped off before latexing
Biaxial strain tuned electronic structures and power factor in Janus Transition Metal Dichalchogenide monolayers
Creators: name: Guo, San-Dong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tuning physical properties of transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayers by strain engineering have most widely studied, and recently Janus TMD monolayer MoSSe has been synthesized. In this work, we systematically study biaxial strain dependence of electronic structures and transport properties of Janus TMD MXY (M = Mo or W, X/Y = S, Se, or Te) monolayer by using generalized gradient approximation (GGA) plus spin-orbit coupling (SOC). It is found that SOC has a noteworthy detrimental influence on power factor in p-type MoSSe, WSSe, n-type WSTe, p-type MoSeTe and WSeTe, and has a negligible influence on one in n-type MoSSe, MoSTe, p-type WSTe and n-type MoSeTe. These can be understood by considering SOC effects on their valence and conduction bands. For all six monolayers, the energy band gap firstly increases, and then decreases, when strain changes from compressive one to tensile one. It is found that strain can tune strength of bands convergence of both valence and conduction bands by changing the numbers and relative position of valence band extrema (VBE) or conduction band extrema (CBE), which can produce very important effects on their electronic transport properties. By applying appropriate compressive or tensile strain, both n- or p-type Seebeck coefficient can be enhanced by strain-induced band convergence, and then the power factor can be improved. Our works further enrich studies on strain dependence of electronic structures and transport properties of new-style TMD monolayers, and motivate farther experimental works.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
Monte-Carlo Simulations of Globular Cluster Evolution - I. Method and Test Calculations
Creators: name: Joshi, Kriten
name: Rasio, Frederic
name: Zwart, Simon Portegies
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new parallel supercomputer implementation of the Monte-Carlo method for simulating the dynamical evolution of globular star clusters. Our method is based on a modified version of Henon's Monte-Carlo algorithm for solving the Fokker-Planck equation. Our code allows us to follow the evolution of a cluster containing up to 5x10^5 stars to core collapse in < 40 hours of computing time. In this paper we present the results of test calculations for clusters with equal-mass stars, starting from both Plummer and King model initial conditions. We consider isolated as well as tidally truncated clusters. Our results are compared to those obtained from approximate, self-similar analytic solutions, from direct numerical integrations of the Fokker-Planck equation, and from direct N-body integrations performed on a GRAPE-4 special-purpose computer with N=16384. In all cases we find excellent agreement with other methods, establishing our new code as a robust tool for the numerical study of globular cluster dynamics using a realistic number of stars.
description: 35 pages, including 8 figures, submitted to ApJ. Revised version
GRAPE-5: A Special-Purpose Computer for N-body Simulation
Creators: name: Kawai, Atsushi
name: Fukushige, Toshiyuki
name: Makino, Junichiro
name: Taiji, Makoto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have developed a special-purpose computer for gravitational many-body simulations, GRAPE-5. GRAPE-5 is the successor of GRAPE-3. Both consist of eight custom pipeline chips (G5 chip and GRAPE chip). The difference between GRAPE-5 and GRAPE-3 are: (1) The G5 chip contains two pipelines operating at 80 MHz, while the GRAPE chip had one at 20 MHz. Thus, the calculation speed of the G5 chip and that of GRAPE-5 board are 8 times faster than that of GRAPE chip and GRAPE-3 board. (2) The GRAPE-5 board adopted PCI bus as the interface to the host computer instead of VME of GRAPE-3, resulting in the communication speed one order of magnitude faster. (3) In addition to the pure 1/r potential, the G5 chip can calculate forces with arbitrary cutoff functions, so that it can be applied to Ewald or P^3M methods. (4) The pairwise force calculated on GRAPE-5 is about 10 times more accurate than that on GRAPE-3. On one GRAPE-5 board, one timestep of 128k-body simulation with direct summation algorithm takes 14 seconds. With Barnes-Hut tree algorithm (theta = 0.75), one timestep of 10^6-body simulation can be done in 16 seconds.
description: 19 pages, 24 Postscript figures, 3 tables, Latex, submitted to Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
Some assembly required: assembly bias in massive dark matter halos
Creators: name: Chue, Chun Yin Ricky
name: Dalal, Neal
name: White, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study halo assembly bias for cluster-sized halos. Previous work has found little evidence for correlations between large-scale bias and halo mass assembly history for simulated cluster-sized halos, in contrast to the significant correlation found between bias and concentration for halos of this mass. This difference in behavior is surprising, given that both concentration and assembly history are closely related to the same properties of the linear-density peaks that collapse to form halos. Using publicly available simulations, we show that significant assembly bias is indeed found in the most massive halos with $M\sim 10^{15}M_\odot$, using essentially any definition of halo age. For lower halo masses $M\sim 10^{14}M_\odot$, no correlation is found between bias and the commonly used age indicator $a_{0.5}$, the half-mass time. We show that this is a mere accident, and that significant assembly bias exists for other definitions of halo age, including those based on the time when the halo progenitor acquires some fraction $f$ of the ultimate mass at $z=0$. For halos with $M_{\rm vir}\sim 10^{14}M_\odot$, the sense of assembly bias changes sign at $f=0.5$. We explore the origin of this behavior, and argue that it arises because standard definitions of halo mass in halo finders do not correspond to the collapsed, virialized mass that appears in the spherical collapse model used to predict large-scale clustering. Because bias depends strongly on halo mass, these errors in mass definition can masquerade as or even obscure the assembly bias that is physically present. More physically motivated halo definitions using splashback should be free of this particular defect of standard halo finders.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, to be submitted to JCAP
Predicting wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) using DARC (Detecting Apoptosing Retinal Cells) AI (artificial intelligence) technology
Creators: name: Corazza, Paolo
name: Maddison, John
name: Bonetti, Paolo
name: Guo, Li
name: Luong, Vy
name: Garfinkel, Alan
name: Younis, Saad
name: Cordeiro, Maria Francesca
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: To assess a recently described CNN (convolutional neural network) algorithm with DARC (Detection of Apoptosing Retinal Cells) technology, in predicting new Subretinal Fluid (SRF) formation in Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD). : Anonymized DARC, baseline and serial OCT images (n=427) from 29 AMD eyes of Phase 2 clinical trial (ISRCTN10751859) were assesed with CNN algorithms, enabling the location of each DARC spot on corresponding OCT slices (n=20,629). Assessment of DARC in a rabbit model of angiogenesis was performed in parallel. A CNN DARC count >5 at baseline was significantly (p=0.0156) related to the development of new SRF throughout the 36 months. Prediction rate of eyes using unique DARC spots overlying new SRF had positive predictive values, sensitivities and specificities >70%, with DARC count significantly (p<0.005) related to the magnitude of SRF accumulation at all time points. DARC identified earliest stages of angiogenesis in vivo. DARC was able to predict new wet AMD activity. Using only an OCT-CNN definition of new SRF, we demonstrate that DARC can identify early endothelial neovascular activity, as confirmed by rabbit studies. Although larger validation studies are required, this shows the potential of DARC as a biomarker of wet AMD, and potentially saving vision-loss.
Deep learning based supervised semantic segmentation of Electron Cryo-Subtomograms
Creators: name: Liu, Chang
name: Zeng, Xiangrui
name: Lin, Ruogu
name: Liang, Xiaodan
name: Freyberg, Zachary
name: Xing, Eric
name: Xu, Min
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Cellular Electron Cryo-Tomography (CECT) is a powerful imaging technique for the 3D visualization of cellular structure and organization at submolecular resolution. It enables analyzing the native structures of macromolecular complexes and their spatial organization inside single cells. However, due to the high degree of structural complexity and practical imaging limitations, systematic macromolecular structural recovery inside CECT images remains challenging. Particularly, the recovery of a macromolecule is likely to be biased by its neighbor structures due to the high molecular crowding. To reduce the bias, here we introduce a novel 3D convolutional neural network inspired by Fully Convolutional Network and Encoder-Decoder Architecture for the supervised segmentation of macromolecules of interest in subtomograms. The tests of our models on realistically simulated CECT data demonstrate that our new approach has significantly improved segmentation performance compared to our baseline approach. Also, we demonstrate that the proposed model has generalization ability to segment new structures that do not exist in training data.
description: 9 pages
Exclusive Production of Higgs Bosons in Hadron Colliders
Creators: name: Lu, Hung Jung
name: Milana, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the exclusive, double--diffractive production of the Standard Model Higgs particle in hadronic collisions at LHC and FNAL (upgraded) energies. Such a mechanism would provide an exceptionally clean signal for experimental detection in which the usual penalty for triggering on the rare decays of the Higgs could be avoided. In addition, because of the color singlet nature of the hard interaction, factorization is expected to be preserved, allowing the cross--section to be related to similar hard--diffractive events at HERA. Starting from a Fock state expansion in perturbative QCD, we obtain an estimate for the cross section in terms of the gluon structure functions squared of the colliding hadrons. Unfortunately, our estimates yield a production rate well below what is likely to be experimentally feasible.
description: 17 pages, RevTeX file, four uufiled PostScript figures. UMPP #94-177. (Revised version. Some mistakenly missing Feynman diagrams are now added. Results do not change qualitatively. Paper reorganized.)
Mirror-Symmetric Heterogeneous Resonant Nanostructures: Extrinsic Chirality and Spin-Polarized Scattering
Creators: name: Nechayev, Sergey
name: Woźniak, Paweł
name: Neugebauer, Martin
name: Barczyk, René
name: Banzer, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a geometrically symmetric gold-silicon sphere heterodimer and reveal its extrinsic chiroptical response caused by the interaction with a substrate. The chiroptical response is obtained for oblique incidence owing to the coalescence of extrinsic chirality, heterogeneity and substrate induced break of symmetry. To quantify the chiral response we utilize k-space polarimetry. We elucidate the physics of the involved phenomena by considering scattering properties of the heterodimer in free space and find that incident linearly polarized light is scattered in a spin-split fashion. We corroborate our finding with a coupled dipole model and find that the spin-split behavior originates from the heterogeneity of the structure. This spin-split scattering, combined with the substrate-induced break of symmetry, leads to an extrinsic chiroptical response. Our work sheds new light on the potential and optical properties of heterogeneous nanostructures and paves the way for designing spectrally tunable polarization controlled heterogeneous optical elements.
Online supplementary information for mtDNA degradation in aged wheat seeds
Creators: name: Fu, Yong-Bi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Botany

description: This is the online supplementary information for the paper: Fu et al. (2020) Patterns of mitochondrial DNA fragmentation in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds under ex situ genebank storage and artificial aging. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-020-00957-w)
On Explaining with Attention Matrices
Creators: name: Naim, Omar
name: Asher, Nicholas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.7; I.7.0
subject: 46-04

description: This paper explores the much discussed, possible explanatory link between attention weights (AW) in transformer models and predicted output. Contrary to intuition and early research on attention, more recent prior research has provided formal arguments and empirical evidence that AW are not explanatorily relevant. We show that the formal arguments are incorrect. We introduce and effectively compute efficient attention, which isolates the effective components of attention matrices in tasks and models in which AW play an explanatory role. We show that efficient attention has a causal role (provides minimally necessary and sufficient conditions) for predicting model output in NLP tasks requiring contextual information, and we show, contrary to [7], that efficient attention matrices are probability distributions and are effectively calculable. Thus, they should play an important part in the explanation of attention based model behavior. We offer empirical experiments in support of our method illustrating various properties of efficient attention with various metrics on four datasets.
Testing minimum energy with powerful radio sources in clusters of galaxies
Creators: name: Leahy, J. P.
name: Gizani, Nectaria A. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze ROSAT data for cluster gas surrounding powerful radio galaxies, which is well fitted by a ``beta-model'' gas distribution, after allowing for a compact central source. The cluster thermal pressure at the distance of the radio lobes is typically an order of magnitude larger than the lobe minimum pressure. Since radio lobes are sharply-bounded, the missing pressure is not simply entrained intra-cluster gas. Thus the minimum energy in the lobes is a severe underestimate of the actual energy content. We argue that the extra energy is mostly in the form of particles, so that the magnetic field is below equipartition and thus not a major factor in the lobe dynamics. The large departure from minimum energy has far-reaching implications for the nature of AGN central engines and the supply of mechanical energy to the cluster gas.
description: 6 pages, including 2 figures, to appear in `Life Cycles of Radio Galaxies', ed. J. Biretta et al., New Astronomy Reviews
Pheidole rotundata subsp. costauriensis Santschi.
Creators: name: Santschi, F.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1915
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Pheidole
Pheidole rotundata
Pheidole rotundata for. stirps costauriensis santschi.

description: Pheidole rotundata For. stirps costauriensis Santschi.
[[worker]] (non decrite). Long. 2,5 mm. Brun fonce. Dessus du thorax et cotes des yeux legerement roticules-ponctues, mais luisants (lisses chez le type). La tete est legerement plus arrondie; pour le reste comme chez lc type.
Guinee francaise: Kindia (Silvestri), 1 [[worker]].
En citant cet insecte dans mes Fourmis de l'Afrique occidentale et australe, 1914, je n'avais pas remarque qu'il n'etait pas encore decrit.
description: Published as part of Santschi, F., 1915, Nouvelles fourmis d'Afrique., pp. 244-282 in Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 84 on page 250
Galaxy Formation from a Low-Spin Density Perturbation in a CDM Universe
Creators: name: Kawata, Daisuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to understand the formation process of elliptical galaxies which are not rotationally supported, we have carried out numerical simulations of the galaxy formation from the density perturbation with a rotation corresponding to a small spin parameter. The three-dimensional TREE N-Body/SPH simulation code used in this paper includes the dark matter and gas dynamics, radiative cooling, star formation, supernova feedback, and metal enrichment. The initial condition is a slowly rotating, top-hat over-dense sphere on which the perturbations expected in a cold dark matter (CDM) universe are superposed. By means of the stellar population synthesis, we calculated the surface brightness profile, the metallicity distribution, and the photometric properties of the end-product, and found that these properties quantitatively agree with the observed properties of bright elliptical galaxies. Thus, we conclude that, in a CDM universe, the proto-galaxy which has a spin-parameter as small as 0.02 evolves into an elliptical galaxy.
description: 12 pages, 9 PS figures, 1 GIF figure, accepted for publication in PASJ; PS version available at http://www.astr.tohoku.ac.jp/~kawata/research/papers.html
Don't Leave Me Alone: Retrospective Think Aloud supported by Real-time Monitoring of Participant's Physiology
Creators: name: Liapis, Alexandros
name: Katsanos, Christos
name: Xenos, Michalis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Think aloud protocols are widely applied in user experience studies. In this paper, the effect of two different applications of the Retrospective Think Aloud (RTA) protocol on the number of user-reported usability issues is examined. To this end, 30 users were asked to use the National Cadastre and Mapping Agency web application and complete a set of tasks, such as measuring the land area of a square in their hometown. The order of tasks was randomized per participant. Next, participants were involved in RTA sessions. Each participant was involved in two different RTA modes: (a) the strict guidance, in which the facilitator stayed in the background and prompted participants to keep thinking aloud based on his judgement and experience, and (b) the physiology-supported interventions, in which the facilitator intervened based on real-time monitoring of user's physiological signals. During each session, three participant's physiological signals were recorded: skin conductance, skin temperature and blood volume pulse. Participants were also asked to provide valence-arousal ratings for each self-reported usability issue. Analysis of the collected data showed that participants in the physiology-supported RTA mode reported significantly more usability issues. No significant effect of the RTA mode was found on the va-lence-arousal ratings for the reported usability issues. Participants' physiological signals during the RTA sessions did not also differ significantly between the two modes.
description: International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCII), 11 pages, 3 figures
Semiclassical Meson-Baryon Dynamics from Large-Nc QCD
Creators: name: Manohar, Aneesh V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The large-$N_c$ limit of the meson-baryon effective Lagrangian is shown to reduce to a semiclassical field theory. A chiral bag structure emerges naturally in the $N_c\rightarrow \infty$ limit. A possible connection between the chiral bag picture and the Skyrme model is discussed. The classical meson-baryon theory is used to reproduce the $M_π^3$ non-analytic correction to the baryon mass obtained previously as a loop correction in chiral perturbation theory.
description: (13 pages, 1 figure, uses harvmac and uufiles), UCSD/PTH 94-14
The Idea of “Imagined Communities” and the Civic Concept of British Nationhood
Creators: name: Wilson, Calvin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 160609 Political Theory and Political Philosophy
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: 160699 Political Science not elsewhere classified
subject: 160603 Comparative Government and Politics

description: This dissertation examines the concept of “imagined communities” outlined by Benedict Anderson in order to chart the circumstances that gave rise to a concept of British nationhood based on civic values. The main argument of this dissertation is that the United Kingdom has a strong sense of “civic” nationhood because it is able to “imagine” itself as a trading nation capable of integrating people from different ethnic and religious backgrounds in a successful manner. The mass migration of people from the former British colonies in the aftermath of World War Two and the sense of ontological estrangement felt towards Europe contributed to entrench a concept of nationhood that is built around a common set of values, rather than ethnic or religious affiliation. In spite of the presence of ethnosymbolist elements, the British concept of nationalism continues to be influenced by the notion of an “imagined community” that is bound together by its tolerance of diversity and pluralist forms of cultural expression.
A Renormalization Group Approach to the Chiral Transition
Creators: name: Berera, Arjun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A methodology is given to test the QCD $N_f$=2 chiral transition, presently conjectured to be second order. Scaling forms for the correlation length, susceptibilities and equation of state are given which account for finite lattice spacing. Confirmation by lattice simulation would provide a large set of consistency checks for establishing that the transition is second order. Further corrections from finite volume effects and higher dimensional operator mixing are given. The implications of scaling corrections in finite temperature lattice QCD studies are examined with emphasis on tests for the believed second order chiral transition within the realistic setting of finite lattice spacing effects.
description: AZPH-TH 93-07, latex, Ann. Phys. (in press 94)
Stochastic Biasing and Weakly Non-linear Evolution of Power Spectrum
Creators: name: Taruya, Atsushi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Distribution of galaxies may be a biased tracer of the dark matter distribution and the relation between the galaxies and the total mass may be stochastic, non-linear and time-dependent. Since many observations of galaxy clustering will be done at high redshift, the time evolution of non-linear stochastic biasing would play a crucial role for the data analysis of the future sky surveys. In this paper, we develop the weakly non-linear analysis and attempt to clarify the non-linear feature of the stochastic biasing. We compute the one-loop correction of the power spectrum for the total mass, the galaxies and their cross correlation. Assuming the local functional form for the initial galaxy distribution, we investigate the time evolution of the biasing parameter and the correlation coefficient. On large scales, we first find that the time evolution of the biasing parameter could deviate from the linear prediction in presence of the initial skewness. However, the deviation can be reduced when the initial stochasticity exists. Next, we focus on the quasi-linear scales, where the non-linear growth of the total mass becomes important. It is recognized that the scale-dependence of the biasing dynamically appears and the initial stochasticity could affect the time evolution of the scale-dependence. The result is compared with the recent N-body simulation that the scale-dependence of the halo biasing can appear on relatively large scales and the biasing parameter takes the lower value on smaller scales. Qualitatively, our weakly non-linear results can explain this trend if the halo-mass biasing relation has the large scatter at high redshift.
description: 29pages, 7 postscript figures, submitted to ApJ
Imaging linear and circular polarization features in leaves with complete Mueller matrix polarimetry
Creators: name: Patty, C. H. Lucas
name: Luo, David A.
name: Snik, Frans
name: Ariese, Freek
name: Buma, Wybren Jan
name: Kate, Inge Loes ten
name: van Spanning, Rob J. M.
name: Sparks, William B.
name: Germer, Thomas A.
name: Garab, Győző
name: Kudenov, Michael W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spectropolarimetry of intact plant leaves allows to probe the molecular architecture of vegetation photosynthesis in a non-invasive and non-destructive way and, as such, can offer a wealth of physiological information. In addition to the molecular signals due to the photosynthetic machinery, the cell structure and its arrangement within a leaf can create and modify polarization signals. Using Mueller matrix polarimetry with rotating retarder modulation, we have visualized spatial variations in polarization in transmission around the chlorophyll a absorbance band from 650 nm to 710 nm. We show linear and circular polarization measurements of maple leaves and cultivated maize leaves and discuss the corresponding Mueller matrices and the Mueller matrix decompositions, which show distinct features in diattenuation, polarizance, retardance and depolarization. Importantly, while normal leaf tissue shows a typical split signal with both a negative and a positive peak in the induced fractional circular polarization and circular dichroism, the signals close to the veins only display a negative band. The results are similar to the negative band as reported earlier for single macrodomains. We discuss the possible role of the chloroplast orientation around the veins as a cause of this phenomenon. Systematic artefacts are ruled out as three independent measurements by different instruments gave similar results. These results provide better insight into circular polarization measurements on whole leaves and options for vegetation remote sensing using circular polarization.
description: 40 pages, 13 figures
title: ADCO, Grènetier de Cîteaux : comptes (1499-1503) (11 H 1173), f. 00324
Creators: name: de la Côte-d'Or, Archives départementales
name: CBMA/CG21/F.PETOT/2019
name: Petot, Frédéric
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: comptes

description: Grènetier de Cîteaux : comptes (1499-1503), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, (11 H 1173). Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Grènetier de Cîteaux : comptes (1499-1503), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, (11 H 1173), f. 00324, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https://manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
Monopole Condensation, And Confinement In N=2 Supersymmetric Yang-Mills Theory
Creators: name: Seiberg, N.
name: Witten, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the vacuum structure and dyon spectrum of N=2 supersymmetric gauge theory in four dimensions, with gauge group SU(2). The theory turns out to have remarkably rich and physical properties which can nonetheless be described precisely; exact formulas can be obtained, for instance, for electron and dyon masses and the metric on the moduli space of vacua. The description involves a version of Olive-Montonen electric-magnetic duality. The ``strongly coupled'' vacuum turns out to be a weakly coupled theory of monopoles, and with a suitable perturbation confinement is described by monopole condensation.
description: 45pp, harvmac
High redshift evolution of optically and IR-selected galaxies: a comparison with CDM scenarios
Creators: name: Fontana, A.
name: Menci, N.
name: D'Odorico, S.
name: Giallongo, E.
name: Poli, F.
name: Cristiani, S.
name: Moorwood, A.
name: Saracco, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A combination of ground-based (NTT and VLT) and HST (HDF-N and HDF-S) public imaging surveys have been used to collect a sample of 1712 I-selected and 319 $K\leq 21$ galaxies. Photometric redshifts have been obtained for all these galaxies. The results have been compared with the prediction of an analytic rendition of the current CDM hierarchical models for galaxy formation. We focus in particular on two observed quantities: the galaxy redshift distribution at K<21 and the evolution of the UV luminosity density. The derived photometric redshift distribution is in agreement with the hierarchical CDM prediction, with a fraction of only 5% of galaxies detected at z>2. This result strongly supports hierarchical scenarios where present-day massive galaxies are the result of merging processes. The observed UV luminosity density in the I-selected sample is confined within a factor of 4 over the whole range 03. CDM models in $Λ$-dominated universe are in better agreement at 3
description: Figures 2 and 3 modified to match the published version
Crematogaster meneliki subsp. occidentalis Mayr.
Creators: name: Santschi, F.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1915
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Crematogaster
Crematogaster meneliki
Crematogaster meneliki for. stirps occidentalis mayr.

description: Crematogaster meneliki For. stirps occidentalis Mayr.
Dahomey: Kouande (Desanti), 1 [[worker]].
description: Published as part of Santschi, F., 1915, Nouvelles fourmis d'Afrique., pp. 244-282 in Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 84 on page 252
The Partonic Content of $h_1(x)$ and $h_2(x)
Creators: name: Berera, Arjun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A light-cone wavefunction interpretation is presented for the polarized distribution functions $h_1(x)$ and $h_2(x)$. All matrix elements for moments of these distributions are given in terms of overlap integrals between Fock state amplitudes of the target state. In a suitable spinor basis, $h_1(x)$ involves only diagonal matrix elements so can be interpreted as a density. Matrix elements of $h_2(x)$ connect Fock states differing by one gluon so that $h_2(x)$ has no simple interpretation as a density. Nevertheless, in the wavefunction decomposition, $h_2(x)$ is described through a compact set of elementary quark-gluon processes which are averaged over the target wavefunction.
description: 16 pages, AZPH-TH 93-32, Latex, Phys. Rev D 49, 3187 (1994)
ISEMPH 2018 Keynote, Jake Scott
Creators: name: Scott, Jacob
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 10202 Biological Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: This are the slides I presented as a keynote address at the International Society of Evolutionary Medicine and Public Health in Park City Utah on 2 August, 2018.
title: ADCO, Cartulaire de Cîteaux pour les domaines de Beaune (XVe siècle), Cart. 177 (11 H 289), 197 folios, f. 0324
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2015
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: cartulaire
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: Cartulaire de Cîteaux pour les domaines de Beaune (XVe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 177 (11 H 289), 197 folios, f. 0324, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Cartulaire de Cîteaux pour les possessions d’Izeure (XVe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 177 (11 H 289), 197 folios, f. 0324, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
Automatic Recognition of Space-Time Constellations by Learning on the Grassmann Manifold (Extended Version)
Creators: name: Du, Yuqing
name: Zhu, Guangxu
name: Zhang, Jiayao
name: Huang, Kaibin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent breakthroughs in machine learning especially artificial intelligence shift the paradigm of wireless communication towards intelligence radios. One of their core operations is automatic modulation recognition (AMR). Existing research focuses on coherent modulation schemes such as QAM, PSK and FSK. The AMR of (non-coherent) space-time modulation remains an uncharted area despite its wide deployment in modern multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems. The scheme using a so called Grassmann constellation enables rate-enhancement using multi-antennas and blind detection. In this work, we propose an AMR approach for Grassmann constellation based on data clustering, which differs from traditional AMR based on classification using a modulation database. The approach allows algorithms for clustering on the Grassmann manifold, such as Grassmann K-means and depth-first search, originally developed for computer vision to be applied to AMR. We further develop an analytical framework for studying and designing these algorithms in the context of AMR. First, the maximum-likelihood Grassmann constellation detection is proved to be equivalent to clustering on the Grassmannian. Thereby, a well-known machine-learning result that was originally established only for the Euclidean space is rediscovered for the Grassmannian. Next, despite a rich literature on algorithmic design, theoretical analysis of data clustering is largely overlooked due to the lack of tractable techniques. We tackle the challenge by introducing probabilistic metrics for measuring the inter-cluster separability and intra-cluster connectivity of received space-time symbols and deriving them using tools from differential geometry and Grassmannian packing. The results provide useful insights into the effects of various parameters ranging from the signal-to-noise ratio to constellation size, facilitating algorithmic design.
description: An extended version for an IEEE submission
Additional file 10 of Maternal karyogene and cytoplasmic genotype affect the induction efficiency of doubled haploid inducer in Brassica napus
Creators: name: Zhang, Wei
name: Ma, Yongting
name: Zhu, Zhendong
name: Huang, Liangjun
name: Ali, Asif
name: Luo, Xuan
name: Zhou, Ying
name: Li, Yun
name: Xu, Peizhou
name: Yang, Jin
name: Li, Zhuang
name: Shi, Haoran
name: Wang, Jisheng
name: Gong, Wanzhuo
name: Zou, Qiong
name: Tao, Lanrong
name: Kang, Zeming
name: Tang, Rong
name: Zhao, Zhangjie
name: Li, Zhi
name: Guo, Shixing
name: Fu, Shaohong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Virology

description: Additional file 10. Genotyping diagram of induced line before and after induction of D717. a-e: for the genotyping diagrams of parents and progeny before and after induction of D717A × Y3560, D717A × Y3380, D717B × Y3560, D717A × Y3380, and D717A × ZS11, respectively. The band M in the number is the progeny plant.
Adiabatic flux insertion and growing of Laughlin states of cavity Rydberg polaritons
Creators: name: Ivanov, Peter A.
name: Letscher, Fabian
name: Simon, Jonathan
name: Fleischhauer, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, the creation of photonic Landau levels in a twisted cavity has been demonstrated in Nature \textbf{534}, 671 (2016). Here we propose a scheme to adiabatically transfer flux quanta in multiples of $3\hbar$ simultaneously to all cavity photons by coupling the photons through flux-threaded cones present in such cavity setup. The flux transfer is achieved using external light fields with orbital angular momentum and a near-resonant dense atomic medium as mediator. Furthermore, coupling the cavity fields to a Rydberg state in a configuration supporting electromagnetically induced transparency, fractional quantum Hall states can be prepared. To this end a growing protocol is used consisting of a sequence of flux insertion and subsequent single-photon insertion steps. We discuss specifically the growing of the $ν=1/2$ bosonic Laughlin state, where we first repeat the flux insertion twice creating a double quasi-hole excitation. Then, the hole is refilled using a coherent pump and the Rydberg blockade.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
Spectroscopy and Time Variability of Absorption Lines in the Direction of the Vela Supernova Remnant
Creators: name: Cha, Alexandra N.
name: Sembach, Kenneth R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present high resolution (R~75,000), high signal-to-noise (S/N~100) Ca II $λ$3933.663 and Na I $λλ$5889.951, 5895.924 spectra of 68 stars in the direction of the Vela supernova remnant. The spectra comprise the most complete high resolution, high S/N, optical survey of early type stars in this region of the sky. A subset of the sight lines has been observed at multiple epochs, 1993/1994 and 1996. Of the thirteen stars observed twice, seven have spectra revealing changes in the equivalent width and/or velocity structure of lines, most of which arise from remnant gas. Such time variability has been reported previously for the sight lines towards HD 72089 and HD 72997 by Danks & Sembach (1995) and for HD 72127 by Hobbs et al. (1991). We have confirmed the ongoing time variability of these spectra and present new evidence of variability in the spectra of HD 73658, HD 74455, HD 75309 and HD 75821. We have tabulated Na I and Ca II absorption line information for the sight lines in our sample to serve as a benchmark for further investigations of the dynamics and evolution of the Vela SNR.
description: 8 pages of text, 4 tables, 16 pages of figures Accepted and to be published in ApJS
title: Atlas des DOM. - La Réunion - Planche 9 : notice, page 4 "II. Les formations dégradées (suite)" et "III. Les formations végétales établies par l'homme"
Creators: name: Defos du Rau, Jean
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2017
Subjects: forêt
végétation
biogéographie
espèce végétale
essence forestière tropicale
inventaire floristique
paysage végétal
facteur anthropique
brousse
reboisement
savane

description: Suite de la présentation des formations végétales dégradées : la brousse de protection et la savane herbeuse des basses pentes "Sous le Vent" . Présente les formations végétales établies par l'homme : les zones cultivées, les essences introduites et le reboisement. Une bibliographie de ce chapitre est fournie en fin de page.
description: Relation: http://www.nakala.fr/data/11280/68124d7f
description: Relation: http://www.nakala.fr/data/11280/0b1c8a23
description: Relation: http://www.nakala.fr/data/11280/1f2542be
description: Coverage: La Réunion
description: Temporal: start=1972; end=1975;