cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Spending Smarter: A Funding Guide for Policymakers and Advocates to Promote Social and Emotional Health and School Readiness
Creators: name: Johnson, Kay
name: Knitzer, Jane
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Early childhood education--Economic aspects
Early childhood education--Government policy
Child care--Finance
Readiness for school

description: This document is part of a policy series intended to improve social, emotional, and learning outcomes for young children. Building on NCCP's work over the past several years (see Promoting the Emotional Well-Being of Children and Families series, at www.nccp.org), Spending Smarter describes effective programs, highlights policy opportunities, and offers fiscal strategies to promote the emotional health of young children and their families. The analyses in this series will help state officials, community leaders, and advocates take action to ensure the healthy development of children and their families. Spending Smarter focuses on strategies to maximize existing funding streams by building on federal programs. The companion document, Resources to Promote Social and Emotional Health and School Readiness in Young Children and Families—A Community Guide, describes targeted interventions that can help parents and other early care providers, such as home visitors and teachers, be more effective in promoting healthy relationships and reducing challenging behavior in infants, toddlers, and preschoolers.
Cosmology of the DFSZ axino
Creators: name: Bae, Kyu Jung
name: Chun, Eung Jin
name: Im, Sang Hui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the cosmological impact of the supersymmetric DFSZ axion model. Extending recent works, we first provide a comprehensive analysis of thermal production of the DFSZ axino considering all the possible scattering, decay and inverse decay processes depending on various mass parameters and the reheat temperature. Although it is hard for the DFSZ axino to be in thermal equilibrium, its coupling is still large enough to generate huge axino population which can turn into overabundant neutralino density. We examine the neutralino parameter space to identify the dark matter property depending on the Peccei-Quinn scale. As the Peccei-Quinn scale becomes higher resulting in longer axino lifetime, the neutralino dark matter appears in a lighter Higgsino-like LSP region or a more restricted Bino-like LSP region allowing a resonant annihilation through a CP-odd Higgs boson to meet stronger reannihilation.
description: 24 pages, 12 figures. v2: discussion for 1PI interaction added in section 2
Reducing Disparities Beginning in Early Childhood
Creators: name: Johnson, Kay
name: Theberge, Suzanne
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Children--Health risk assessment
Poor--Health and hygiene
Poor children--Social conditions
Children--Services for

description: Research shows that many disparities in health and well-being are rooted in early childhood. These disparities reflect gaps in access to services, unequal treatment, adverse congenital health conditions, and exposures in the early years linked to elevated community and family risks. Early health risks and conditions can have long-range implications for physical, emotional, and intellectual development as well as health. Their contribution to disparities in health status, disabilities, and educational achievement is well documented. But many risks can be addressed in the early years, starting with quality prenatal care and interventions in the earliest stages of life. Thus, literally, reducing disparities begins with babies. Risks for disparate outcomes disproportionately affect young children, low-income children, and minority children. Poverty brings risks for children of all races; however, racial/ethnic status is an independent risk factor. Young children are more likely than older children to live in families without economic security. Of the 10.2 million U.S. children ages birth through 5 years, 42 percent lived in low-income families (with income below twice the federal poverty level—FPL) and 20 percent lived in poor families (income below 100 percent of FPL) in 2005. Minority young children also are overrepresented among the 2.2 million U.S. children ages birth through 5 who live in extremely poor families (income below 50 percent of FPL). The younger the child, the more harmful poverty is to developmental outcomes. Below we highlight patterns of disparities in both risks and outcomes, and access and treatment.
State of the States' ECCS Initiatives
Creators: name: Johnson, Kay
name: Theberge, Suzanne
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Readiness for school
Children--Services for
Children--Services for--Evaluation
Early childhood education
Child development

description: The primary purpose of the federal Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration's (MCHB-HRSA) State Maternal and Child Health Early Childhood Comprehensive Systems (ECCS) grants is to assist states and territories in their efforts to build and implement comprehensive statewide systems of care that support family and community approaches to promote positive early development and early school success for young children. These grants originated with a MCHB-HRSA Strategic Plan for Early Childhood that called on State Title V MCH programs to use their leadership and convening powers to foster the development of cross-agency early childhood systems development planning. Building a more comprehensive early childhood system requires intentional efforts to bridge the gaps created by multiple, discrete funding streams for early childhood services to create a deliberate framework to foster integrated early childhood service systems at the federal, state, and community levels. This Project THRIVE Short Take summarizes the results of Project THRIVE's review and analysis of state ECCS plans, reports, and other related documents related to early childhood systems.
title: Glass thickness for windows
Creators: name: Brown, W. G.
Publisher: name: National Research Council of Canada. Division of Building Research
Year: 1970
Subjects: subject: Windows
valueUri: urn:ircsubjects:IRC0390
subject: Fenêtres
valueUri: urn:ircsubjects:IRC0390
subject: windows
subject: fenêtre
subject: glasses (materials)
subject: verre (matériau)
subject: strength of materials
subject: résistance des matériaux
subject: thickness
subject: épaisseur
subject: wind loads
subject: surcharges de vent
subject: design loads
subject: charge utile
subject: cost benefit analysis
subject: analyse coût bénéfice

description: The choice of glass thickness for windows has always been one of conventional practice. This digest presents information regarding glass strength and wind pressure characteristics. It is now possible to incorporate this information in an improved procedure for determining appropriate glass thicknesses for windows of different sizes subjected to different wind pressures.
description: Ce digeste présente des renseignements portant sur les caractéristiques de la résistance du verre et de la pression exercée par le vent. On les utilise en appliquant une méthode permettant de déterminer les épaisseurs de verre convenant à des fenêtres de dimensions diverses, soumise à des pressions différentes exercées par le vent.
There are no non-zero Stable Fixed Points for dense networks in the homogeneous Kuramoto model
Creators: name: Taylor, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37-xx

description: This paper is concerned with the existence of multiple stable fixed point solutions of the homogeneous Kuramoto model. We develop a necessary condition for the existence of stable fixed points for the general network Kuramoto model. This condition is applied to show that for sufficiently dense n-node networks, with node degrees at least 0.9395(n-1), the homogeneous (equal frequencies) model has no non-zero stable fixed point solution over the full space of phase angles in the range -Pi to Pi. This result together with existing research proves a conjecture of Verwoerd and Mason (2007) that for the complete network and homogeneous model the zero fixed point has a basin of attraction consisting of the entire space minus a set of measure zero. The necessary conditions are also tested to see how close to sufficiency they might be by applying them to a class of regular degree networks studied by Wiley, Strogatz and Girvan (2006).
description: 15 pages 8 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1010.0766
title: Phonological and phonetic factors affecting the early consonantal development in Setswana
Creators: name: Matlhaku, Keneilwe
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Year: 2023

description: This dissertation focuses on the phonological and phonetic development of three typically developing children of age ranging between 1;10 and 3;02 who are learning Setswana as their first language. We provide a detailed analysis of these children’s early speech development patterns, with a primary focus on the potential origins of these patterns. The aim is not to provide normative data, but to understand early patterns of phonological development in Setswana, whose acquisition by young children is relatively under-documented within the literature. Our data display the following trends: (1) early acquisition of obstruent stops, nasals, and N̩ C sequences: (2) production of fricatives through various substitution patterns (e.g. stopping, affrication as well as debuccalization); (3) simplification of target affricates (e.g. deaffrication, deaspiration and delabialization). Non-lateral affricates also yielded fewer errors (and earlier mastery) than their lateral counterparts, whose production displayed patterns of delateralization and velarization to velar [k], in addition to deaffrication. The target approximants |j, w| and |l, r| were generally acquired early, with the exception of the rhotic |r|, whose production was the most variable of all consonants documented in this study, also characterized by the lowest accuracy rates for all the children. We analyze these phenomena through current models of phonological emergence (MacWhinney 2015), as conceived within the area of phonology through the A-map model (McAllister Byun, Inkelas & Rose 2016). We highlight how the substitution patterns observed in the data can be captured through a consideration of the auditory properties of the target speech sounds, combined with an understanding of the types of articulatory gestures involved in the production of these sounds. These considerations in turn highlight some of the most central aspects of the challenges faced by the child toward learning these auditory-articulatory mappings. Beyond theoretical issues, this dissertation sets an initial foundation towards developing speech-language pathology materials and services for Setswana learning children, an emerging area of public service in Botswana.
Local Systems Development
Creators: name: Johnson, Kay
name: Theberge, Suzanne
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Children--Services for
Children--Services for--U.S. states
Children--Services for--Planning
Family services
Family services--U.S. states

description: State Early Childhood Comprehensive Systems (ECCS) grants are designed to provide state Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Agencies and their partner organizations with small amounts of funding as an incentive for strengthening systems of care for young children and their families. States are encouraged to plan, develop, and ultimately implement collaborations and partnerships that support families and communities in the development of children who are healthy and ready to learn at school entry. But, to make a difference, integrated service strategies must work at the local level, on the ground where families live and providers practice. Therefore supporting local systems is a key strategy for ECCS grantees.

Project THRIVE reviewed state ECCS plans and proposals for evidence of local systems development, and collected additional information from selected states. In our scan, we found that 38 states are developing local systems to build their Early Childhood Comprehensive Systems and to improve outcomes for children and families (see Project THRIVE Short Take No. 5, State of the States‘ ECCS Initiatives). This Short Take highlights the efforts of 10 states and illustrates various approaches for state-to-local support for developing early childhood systems.
Soupirs pour un ingrat : les notions de l’amour, du pouvoir et de la souveraineté dans Phèdre et Hippolyte et Bérénice
Creators: name: Pouliot, Rebecca
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The purpose of this study was to investigate the notions of love, power, and sovereignty in Jean Racine’s Phèdre et Hipolyte and Bérénice. I used Erich Auerbach’s theory on passion to examine the notion of passionate love in the Grand Siècle and Louis Marin’s theory on the representation of power during the reign of Louis XIV. These theories provided a historical context for Racine’s work as well as clarified the use of these notions in the texts. Finally, Roland Barthe’s theory on the relationship between love and power in Racinian tragedy was used to analyze the sovereigns’ dialogue. I based my research with the following questions: Why does it seem that love and sovereignty cannot co-exist? Are politics and love incompatible in Racinian tragedy? I explain why politics and love painfully coexist in these tragedies through the analysis of Phèdre’s three avowals of her forbidden love for Hippolyte and three of Bérénice’s declarations of love for Thésée. These analyses served as examples of the power and love relationships between the heroines and the men they love as well as the specific limitations sovereignty poses on love relationships. I discovered that passion is akin to suffering in Racinian tragedy and for this reason, a sovereign is emotionally and physically weaker when in love. Symptoms such as obsession, irrationality and madness jeopardize the sovereign’s ability to rule and force him or her to chose between either submitting themselves to the forbidden passion that is overcoming them or to remove themselves from temptation thereby favoring their duty to their nation over love. Racine’s feeble and suffering sovereigns in love differ greatly from the qualities of the classic tragic hero. He portrays sovereigns in a way that gives them a human rather than a godly quality as many of his contemporaries did.
Developing Fiscal Analyses and Children's Budgets to Support ECCS
Creators: name: Johnson, Kay
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Children--Services for
Children--Services for--Finance
Program budgeting--Evaluation

description: This Project THRIVE Short Take offers state Early Childhood Comprehensive System (ECCS) initiatives practical advice on conducting fiscal scans and creating early childhood budgets. Fiscal analysis and planning are essential for building a state or community fiscal infrastructure to support and sustain early childhood comprehensive system plans. Says one state ECCS coordinator, "ECCS initiatives must achieve a deep understanding of the budget in order to influence the policy decisions that impact young children. A cross-system plan without a cross-system budget is difficult to implement." Using a "how to" approach, this document offers exemplary approaches, tables, and tools. It builds on program-by-program background information from NCCP's Spending Smarter report, as well as information from a recent report published by the Forum for Youth Investment and the Finance Project. It also highlights state and local experience in fiscal analysis.
Quantum anomalous Hall effect with tunable Chern number in magnetic topological insulator film
Creators: name: Jiang, Hua
name: Qiao, Zhenhua
name: Liu, Haiwen
name: Niu, Qian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the possibility of realizing quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) with tunable Chern number through doping magnetic elements in the multi-layer topological insulator film. We find that high Chern number QAHE phases exist in the ideal neutral samples and it can make transition to another QAHE phase directly by means of tuning the exchange field strength or sample thickness. With the help of an extended Haldane model, we demonstrate the physical mechanism of the tunable Chern number QAHE phase. Further, we study the phenomena in the realistic samples with the Fermi energy being gating-modulated, where the multiple-integer QAHE plateaus remain and two separated QAHE phase are connected by metallic phase. The stability of the high Chern number QAHE phase is also discussed.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
Ultra-stable long distance optical frequency distribution using the Internet fiber network
Creators: name: Lopez, Olivier
name: Haboucha, Adil
name: Chanteau, Bruno
name: Chardonnet, Christian
name: Amy-Klein, Anne
name: Santarelli, Giorgio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report an optical link of 540 km for ultrastable frequency distribution over the Internet fiber network. The stable frequency optical signal is processed enabling uninterrupted propagation on both directions. The robustness and the performance of the link are enhanced by a cost effective fully automated optoelectronic station. This device is able to coherently regenerate the return optical signal with a heterodyne optical phase locking of a low noise laser diode. Moreover the incoming signal polarization variation are tracked and processed in order to maintain beat note amplitudes within the operation range. Stable fibered optical interferometer enables optical detection of the link round trip phase signal. The phase-noise compensated link shows a fractional frequency instability in 10 Hz bandwidth of 5x10-15 at one second measurement time and 2x10-19 at 30 000 s. This work is a significant step towards a sustainable wide area ultrastable optical frequency distribution and comparison network.
How to transform thousands of CMIP6 datasets to Zarr with Pangeo Forge and why we should never do this again!
Creators: name: Busecke, Julius
name: Stern, Charles
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The Pangeo CMIP6 working group has maintained an analysis-ready cloud optimized (ARCO) zarr copy of hundreds of thousands of CMIP6 datasets, but until now the process was incredibly work intensive and manual. While retracted datasets were removed, many of the newly available and requested datasets were not added to the ARCO zarr stores…until now.
Using the newest version of Pangeo-Forge based on Apache-Beam we are able to ingest and transform thousands of datasets from the ESGF catalog into ARCO zarr stores based on user requests. To realize this workflow we have implemented several features like dynamic (at recipe runtime) chunking, testing, and cataloging as part of Apache-Beam pipelines.
We welcome new dataset requests to scale this operation further and increase the impact of the cloud based CMIP6 data. Despite the successes we had in ingestion of the datasets, we will highlight the need for future CMIP generations to be delivered in a cloud native way, without the need for efforts like this.
The Social Licence to Operate in the Context of Mining Projects and Indigenous Peoples: Is it Sufficient Just to Comply with the Law?
Creators: name: Almeida Campana, Diego Xavier
Publisher: name: Law
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Social licence to operate
subject: mining
subject: indigenous peoples
subject: impact benefit agreements
subject: Engineering--Environmental
subject: Engineering--Mining

description: Hard rock mining companies that comply with the law related to permits, approvals and indigenous consultation are not always successful in developing good relationships with the affected communities. Most of them are pushed to undertake actions beyond the limits of the law to create a good relationship with the project’s host indigenous community(ies). In the late 1990’s, the concept of social licence to operate emerged in the mining industry, to refer to the level of acceptance that a mining company has in the community where a project is intended to be developed. The process of acquiring a social licence to operate, which is not a permit provided by law, is necessary for the success of a mining development and the generation of certainty on its operations. This thesis describes the theory of the social licence to operate and the legal framework for indigenous consultation in Canada and Ecuador, two countries with different hard rock mining history and heritage. It then describes two projects per jurisdiction, a successful one in terms of social relationships with indigenous communities, and another one in which conflict and grievances occurred during the development of the project. The objectives of this research are to: (i) demonstrate that the company’s compliance with the law is not sufficient to acquire a social licence to operate; and (ii) based on the experience of the analyzed cases, identify the practices beyond the limits of the law, that aid in the acquisition of the social licence to operate.
Constraining mean-field models of the nuclear matter equation of state at low densities
Creators: name: Voskresenskaya, M. D.
name: Typel, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An extension of the generalized relativistic mean-field (gRMF) model with density dependent couplings is introduced in order to describe thermodynamical properties and the composition of dense nuclear matter for astrophysical applications. Bound states of light nuclei and two-nucleon scattering correlations are considered as explicit degrees of freedom in the thermodynamical potential. They are represented by quasiparticles with medium-dependent properties. The model describes the correct low-density limit given by the virial equation of state (VEoS) and reproduces RMF results around nuclear saturation density where clusters are dissolved. A comparison between the fugacity expansions of the VEoS and the gRMF model provides consistency relations between the quasiparticles properties, the nucleon-nucleon scattering phase shifts and the meson-nucleon couplings of the gRMF model at zero density. Relativistic effects are found to be important at temperatures that are typical in astrophysical applications. Neutron matter and symmetric matter are studied in detail.
description: 50 pages, 21 figures
State-based Home Visiting: Strengthening Programs Through State Leadership
Creators: name: Johnson, Kay
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Home-based family services
Family services
Family services--Government policy

description: This report examines whether states are investing in home visiting in ways that promote better outcomes for young children and whether they meet the needs of children facing the greatest social and developmental risks. The purpose was to assess the direction of state policies and programs, not to evaluate program effectiveness.
Maximizing the Use of EPSDT to Improve the Health and Development of Young Children
Creators: name: Johnson, Kay
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Children--Health and hygiene
Child health services
Child development

description: In every state, assuring access to health care and a medical home is a core component of the Early Childhood Comprehensive System (ECCS) initiative. Medicaid finances health, mental health, and developmental services for approximately one-third of U.S. children under age 6. This Project THRIVE Short Take discusses the importance of Medicaid's child health benefit—the Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment (EPSDT) program. EPSDT is in essence the child health benefit plan for Medicaid. Short Take 2 reviews research about the role of EPSDT in improving early childhood health and development and opportunities for ECCS leaders to use EPSDT in collaborative efforts to improve child health.
Facilitated spin models of dissipative quantum glasses
Creators: name: Olmos, Beatriz
name: Lesanovsky, Igor
name: Garrahan, Juan P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a class of dissipative quantum spin models with local interactions and without quenched disorder that show glassy behaviour. These models are the quantum analogs of the classical facilitated spin models. Just like their classical counterparts, quantum facilitated models display complex glassy dynamics despite the fact that their stationary state is essentially trivial. In these systems, dynamical arrest is a consequence of kinetic constraints and not of static ordering. These models display a quantum version of dynamic heterogeneity: the dynamics towards relaxation is spatially correlated despite the absence of static correlations. Associated dynamical fluctuation phenomena such as decoupling of timescales is also observed. Moreover, we find that close to the classical limit quantum fluctuations can enhance glassiness, as recently reported for quantum liquids.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Coping with the Big Deal: Paying, unbundling or walking away (AAAL Version)
Creators: name: Tiessen, Robert
name: Wright, John
Publisher: name: Libraries and Cultural Resources
Year: 2018
Subjects: licensing
big deal
cancellations

description: The University of Calgary continuously assesses the value proposition of the Big Deal. The library hascancelled one Big Deal, trimmed another; others face further review. The session looks at the analyticaltools and frames of reference used to review and justify spending decisions on the Big Deals.
Magnetic excitations in the geometric frustrated multiferroic CuCrO$_2$
Creators: name: Frontzek, M.
name: Haraldsen, J. T.
name: Podlesnyak, A.
name: Matsuda, M.
name: Christianson, A. D.
name: Fishman, R. S.
name: Sefat, A. S.
name: Qiu, Y.
name: Copley, J. R. D.
name: Barilo, S.
name: Shiryaev, S. V.
name: Ehlers, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper detailed neutron scattering measurements of the magnetic excitation spectrum of CuCrO$_2$ in the ordered state below $T_{\rm{N1}}=24.2$ K are presented. The spectra are analyzed using a model Hamiltonian which includes intralayer-exchange up to the next-next-nearest neighbor and interlayer-exchange. We obtain a definite parameter set and show that exchange interaction terms beyond the next-nearest neighbor are important to describe the inelastic excitation spectrum. The magnetic ground state structure generated with our parameter set is in agreement with the structure proposed for CuCrO$_2$ from the results of single crystal diffraction experiments previously published. We argue that the role of the interlayer exchange is crucial to understand the incommensurability of the magnetic structure as well as the spin-charge coupling mechanism.
Correlated phases of bosons in the flat lowest band of the dice lattice
Creators: name: Moller, Gunnar
name: Cooper, Nigel R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study correlated phases occurring in the flat lowest band of the dice lattice model at flux density one half. We discuss how to realize the dice lattice model, also referred to as the T_3 lattice, in cold atomic gases. We construct the projection of the model to the lowest dice band, which yields a Hubbard-Hamiltonian with interaction-assisted hopping processes. We solve this model for bosons in two limits. In the limit of large density, we use Gross-Pitaevskii mean-field theory to reveal time-reversal symmetry breaking vortex lattice phases. At low density, we use exact diagonalization to identify three stable phases at fractional filling factors νof the lowest band, including a classical crystal at ν=1/3, a supersolid state at ν=1/2 and a Mott insulator at ν=1.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures; v2: final published version, title changed
Early Childhood Comprehensive Systems That Spend Smarter: Maximizing Resources to Serve Vulnerable Children
Creators: name: Johnson, Kay
name: Knitzer, Jane
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Children--Health and hygiene
Children--Services for
Children--Services for--Finance
Program budgeting--Evaluation

description: This first Project THRIVE Issue Brief looks through the lens of State Early Childhood Comprehensive Systems (ECCS) grant projects to identify ways in which they can promote smarter spending for vulnerable young children as states plan for and implement new, more integrated systems. It has a special focus on promoting social and emotional health and well-being, which is a critical precursor to both later health and school readiness. This analysis will help state officials, community leaders, and advocates take action to ensure the healthy development of children and their families. It builds on the NCCP report: Spending Smarter: A Funding Guide for Policymakers and Advocates to Promote Social and Emotional Health and School Readiness, which describes strategies to maximize existing funding streams by building on federal programs, and a companion report: Resources to Promote Social and Emotional Health and School Readiness in Young Children and Families—A Community Guide, which describes targeted interventions that can help parents and other early care providers, such as home visitors and teachers, be more effective in promoting healthy relationships and reducing challenging behavior in infants, toddlers, and preschoolers.
Generalized Metropolis dynamics with a generalized master equation: An approach for time-independent and time-dependent Monte Carlo simulations of generalized spin systems
Creators: name: da Silva, Roberto
name: de Felicio, Jose Roberto Drugowich
name: Martinez, Alexandre Souto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The extension of Boltzmann-Gibbs thermostatistics, proposed by Tsallis, introduces an additional parameter $q$ to the inverse temperature $β$. Here, we show that a previously introduced generalized Metropolis dynamics to evolve spin models is not local and does not obey the detailed energy balance. In this dynamics, locality is only retrieved for $q=1$, which corresponds to the standard Metropolis algorithm. Non-locality implies in very time consuming computer calculations, since the energy of the whole system must be reevaluated, when a single spin is flipped. To circumvent this costly calculation, we propose a generalized master equation, which gives rise to a local generalized Metropolis dynamics that obeys the detailed energy balance. To compare the different critical values obtained with other generalized dynamics, we perform Monte Carlo simulations in equilibrium for Ising model. By using the short time non-equilibrium numerical simulations, we also calculate for this model: the critical temperature, the static and dynamical critical exponents as function of $q$. Even for $q\neq 1$, we show that suitable time evolving power laws can be found for each initial condition. Our numerical experiments corroborate the literature results, when we use non-local dynamics, showing that short time parameter determination works also in this case. However, the dynamics governed by the new master equation leads to different results for critical temperatures and also the critical exponents affecting universality classes. We further propose a simple algorithm to optimize modeling the time evolution with a power law considering in a log-log plot two successive refinements.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures and 5 tables
Child Poverty and Intergenerational Mobility
Creators: name: Fass, Sarah
name: Dinan, Kinsey Alden
name: Aratani, Yumiko
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Poverty
Poor children
Poor children--Social conditions
Social mobility

description: The promise of the American Dream is that in our society, anyone can succeed with hard work and persistence. Even in the current economic downturn, the majority of Americans (72 percent) believe that it is possible to start out poor, work hard, and become wealthy. But does this promise hold true for America's children? How common is it for people who spend part of their childhood living in poverty to experience poverty as adults? How does this vary by how much time children spend living in poverty? And does it vary by race? Economic mobility, the ability to move up or down the economic ladder during one's lifetime and across generations, is central to the ideal of the American Dream. But recent research finds that there are limitations to mobility in the United States. For example, one study of families across generations finds that one's economic position is strongly influenced by that of one's parents: 42 percent of children born to parents in the bottom fifth of the economic distribution remain in the bottom as adults and another 23 percent rise only to the second fifth, while 39 percent of children born to parents at the top of the income distribution remain at the top, with another 23 percent moving to the second fifth. This paper focuses on the lower end of the earnings spectrum and highlights findings from a working paper commissioned by the National Center for Children in Poverty (NCCP). In particular, we report how common it is for children to experience poverty throughout the course of childhood — defined as the years from birth to age 15 — and how that relates to the likelihood that they will be poor in young and middle adulthood.
Parents' Low Education Leads to Low Income, Despite Full-Time Employment
Creators: name: Douglas-Hall, Ayana
name: Chau, Michelle M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Low-income parents
Income
Parents--Education
Family services

description: Higher education is one of the most effective ways that parents can raise their families' incomes. There is clear evidence that higher educational attainment is associated with higher earnings. Over the past two decades, parents with less education have been losing economic ground. Policies that support education for low-income parents and children offer them the potential for lasting economic security.
Gauge Theories on ALE Space and Super Liouville Correlation Functions
Creators: name: Bonelli, Giulio
name: Maruyoshi, Kazunobu
name: Tanzini, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present a relation between N=2 quiver gauge theories on the ALE space O_{P^1}(-2) and correlators of N=1 super Liouville conformal field theory, providing checks in the case of punctured spheres and tori. We derive a blow-up formula for the full Nekrasov partition function and show that, up to a U(1) factor, the N=2^* instanton partition function is given by the product of the character of \hat{SU}(2)_2 times the super Virasoro conformal block on the torus with one puncture. Moreover, we match the perturbative gauge theory contribution with super Liouville three-point functions.
description: 24 pages; v2: published version
An in-depth look at women leaders developing social enterprises within non-profit organizations
Creators: name: Cavouras, Anna Lise
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Social enterprises are an expanding area within the non-profit sector, impacting both service delivery for clients and organizational funding. This qualitative, descriptive study looks at the experiences of women executive directors of non-profit organizations who are running a social enterprise. Through individual interviews, participants were asked about their experiences as a leader, their motivations for developing social enterprises, and the outcomes experienced as a result. Findings were analyzed using a feminist analysis with a focus on the unique experiences of women in the workplace. Results from the interview analysis show that the personal experiences of the participants directly influence their leadership and the direction of organization growth. The motivations behind social enterprises were described either as a practical solution to meet funding objectives, or to provide opportunities for marginalized client groups through training and work experience. In both cases, the overarching aim with generated funds was to improve client service and engage in prevention or activist work with a social justice focus, with a driving motive to improve clients’ circumstances. Implications for social work practice are discussed, as are study limitations and suggestions for future research.
Subtracting Foregrounds from Interferometric Measurements of the Redshifted 21 cm Emission
Creators: name: Mao, Xiao-Chun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ability to subtract foreground contamination from low-frequency observations is crucial to reveal the underlying 21 cm signal. The traditional line-of-sight methods can deal with the removal of diffuse emission and unresolved point sources, but not bright point sources. In this paper, we introduce a foreground cleaning technique in Fourier space, which allows us to handle all such foregrounds simultaneously and thus sidestep any special treatments to bright point sources. Its feasibility is tested with a simulated data cube for the 21 CentiMeter Array experiment. This data cube includes more realistic models for the 21 cm signal, continuum foregrounds, detector noise and frequency-dependent instrumental response. We find that a combination of two weighting schemes can be used to protect the frequency coherence of foregrounds: the uniform weighting in the uv plane and the inverse-variance weighting in the spectral fitting. The visibility spectrum is therefore well approximated by a quartic polynomial along the line of sight. With this method, we demonstrate that the huge foreground contamination can be cleaned out effectively with residuals on the order of \sim10 mK, while the spectrally smooth component of the cosmological signal is also removed, bringing about systematic underestimate in the extracted power spectrum primarily on large scales.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures. Final published version
Paid Leave in the States: A Critical Support for Low-wage Workers and Their Families
Creators: name: Fass, Sarah
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Parental leave
Work-life balance
Poor families
Economic assistance, Domestic--U.S. states

description: This brief discusses the benefits of paid family leave, examines existing state-level policies, and provides recommendations for how state policies could be crafted to best serve the needs of low-wage workers and their families.
Low Income and Hardship Among America's Kindergartners
Creators: name: Gershoff, Elizabeth T.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Poor children
Poor children--Social conditions
Poor families
Kindergarten

description: Seventeen percent of all American children live in families whose incomes fall below the federal poverty level (FPL), and this number is growing. While tracking the number of children and families who are officially "poor" is crucial to understanding our country's economic and social health, it is important to recognize that families whose incomes fall between 100 and 200 percent of the federal poverty level are susceptible to most of the same hardships. Income alone is an insufficient index of how children in families with low incomes are faring. Previous studies have suggested that the hardships associated with low-income families take a negative toll on children. In addition, having two parents working full-time does not guarantee that children will live out of poverty or without hardship. Our findings indicate that hardship does not drop off until family incomes reach twice the poverty line—$36,800 for a family of four in 2003. Consumer expenditure analyses reveal that an income of roughly twice the poverty line would be necessary for a family of two adults and two children to meet their basic needs for food, housing, health care, child care, transportation, and other necessities as well as to pay taxes. The vast majority of children in low-income families have working parents. This report describes the degree and nature of hardship among low-income working and nonworking families in a nationally representative sample of children attending kindergarten—The Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (Kindergarten Cohort). A family is considered to be low-income if their income is less than 200 percent of the federal poverty level (FPL).
Efficient quantum transport simulation for bulk graphene heterojunctions
Creators: name: Liu, Ming-Hao
name: Richter, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum transport formalism based on tight-binding models is known to be powerful in dealing with a wide range of open physical systems subject to external driving forces but is, at the same time, limited by the memory requirement's increasing with the number of atomic sites in the scattering region. Here we demonstrate how to achieve an accurate simulation of quantum transport feasible for experimentally sized bulk graphene heterojunctions at a strongly reduced computational cost. Without free tuning parameters, we show excellent agreement with a recent experiment on Klein backscattering [A. F. Young and P. Kim, Nature Phys. 5, 222 (2009)].
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Staying Afloat in Tough Times: What States Are and Aren't Doing to Promote Family Economic Security
Creators: name: Fass, Sarah
name: Briggs, Jodie
name: Cauthen, Nancy K.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Family services
Family services--Government policy
Poor families

description: Staying Afloat in Tough Times tracks state-level policies that help families both avoid and cope with economic hardship. The report examines three categories of policies: work attachment and advancement, income adequacy, and asset development and protection. Although states have taken the lead over the last decade in policy efforts to help low income families, this study demonstrates that assistance is extraordinarily uneven across the states. The authors conclude that America needs a national vision of family economic security — and the leadership to implement it.
Time-like and space-like electromagnetic form factors of nucleons, a unified description
Creators: name: Lomon, Earle L.
name: Pacetti, Simone
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The extended Lomon-Gari-Krümpelmann model of nucleon electromagnetic form factors, which embodies ρ, ρ', ω, ω' and ϕvector meson contributions and the perturbative QCD high momentum transfer behavior has been extended to the time-like region. Breit-Wigner formulae with momentum-dependent widths have been considered for broad resonances in order to have a parametrization for the electromagnetic form factors that fulfills, in the time-like region, constraints from causality, analyticity, and unitarity. This analytic extension of the Lomon-Gari-Krümpelmann model has been used to perform a unified fit to all the nucleon electromagnetic form factor data, in the space-like and time-like region (where form factor values are extracted from e+e- nucleon-antinucleon cross sections data). The knowledge of the complete analytic structure of form factors enables predictions at extended momentum transfer, and also of time-like observables such as the ratio between electric and magnetic form factors and their relative phase.
description: 21 pages, 17 figures. Accepted for publication in PRD
Low Income and the Development of America's Kindergartners
Creators: name: Gershoff, Elizabeth T.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Poor children
Child development
Kindergarten

description: The more income a family has, the better their children do academically, socially, and physically. This research shows a dramatic linear pattern between family income and children's positive development is especially clear when the effects of family income are examined for all children. Living in low-income families—families with incomes below 200 percent of the federal poverty level—the amount that research suggests is needed for most families to be economically self-sufficient—exacts a measurable toll on children's overall healthy development. The intellectual, social-emotional, and physical development of children in low-income families have been shown to lag behind that of their more affluent peers. However, previous studies focused mainly on low-income, and often minority, children. This report confirms the detrimental effects of low family income on children by examining the well-being of children from across all incomes and race-ethnicity groups in a nationally representative sample of children attending kindergarten—The Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (Kindergarten Cohort)—in 1998.
Indicators for Social-emotional Development in Early Childhood: A Guide for Local Stakeholders
Creators: name: Isakson, Elizabeth A.
name: Higgins, Louisa B.
name: Davidson, Leslie L.
name: Cooper, Janice L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Child development
Child mental health
Child psychology

description: Social-emotional development in young children encompasses how young children feel about themselves, how they behave and how they relate to people close to them, such as caregivers, teachers, and peers. Although infant and early childhood mental health are often used in the same way, the term social-emotional development illustrates the importance of prevention and early intervention. There is strong evidence linking social-emotional health in the early childhood years (birth to 6) to subsequent school success and health in preteen and teen years, and to long term health and wellbeing in adulthood. However, research also shows that effective programs that address social-emotional health early in life can promote resilience and actually prevent mental health problems later in life.