cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Performance Study of the CMS Barrel Resistive Plate Chambers with Cosmic Rays
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In October and November 2008, the CMS collaboration conducted a programme of cosmic ray data taking, which has recorded about 270 million events. The Resistive Plate Chamber system, which is part of the CMS muon detection system, was successfully operated in the full barrel. More than 98% of the channels were operational during the exercise with typical detection efficiency of 90%. In this paper, the performance of the detector during these dedicated runs is reported.
title: The Efficacy of Massed Versus Distributed Practice As a Function of Desired Learning Outcomes and Grade Level of the Student
Creators: name: Moss, Vanessa D.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1995

description: The study examined the extent to which type-of-practice strategies (massed or distributed) had an effect on learning a verbal information (reading) or intellectual skill (math) task for second- and fourth-grade students. One hundred and ninety students from eight second- and fourth-grade classrooms participated in the study. Classrooms were randomly assigned to the two practice conditions and all students participated in a 9- week integrated learning system (ILS) intervention.
The present study found that intellectual skill tasks are learned slightly more effectively in a massed than distributed practice mode, though the difference was not statistically significant. Students also learned verbal information tasks more effectively in the massed practice mode, though the difference was not statistically significant. The differences between the two practice conditions were not as great on verbal information tasks, however, and no statistically significant differences were found. Additional analyses, using the number of lesson units completed, showed that having completed a greater number of math lessons had a positive effect on the math test scores. These analyses suggest that a stronger treatment or better adherence to the treatment could have caused a statistically significant effect for massed practice in intellectual skill domains. Replication is needed to provide a more solid foundation for this assertion.
It was concluded from this study, due to the moderate effect size differences and the identical cost factor for incorporating the two types of practice, that the use of massed practice would be more prudent for intellectual skill tasks. Massed practice is also more effective in the higher order verbal information area. Strong research inference suggests the continuance of distributed practice for "lower level" tasks, particularly in the verbal information areas. Further research is needed to discover factors that limit or negate the spacing effect.
Tunneling magnetoresistance in (La,Pr,Ca)MnO3 nanobridges
Creators: name: Singh-Bhalla, G.
name: Biswas, A.
name: Hebard, A. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The manganite (La,Pr,Ca)MnO3 is well known for its micrometer scale phase separation into coexisting ferromagnetic metallic and antiferromagnetic insulating (AFI) regions. Fabricating bridges with widths smaller than the phase separation length scale has allowed us to probe the magnetic properties of individual phase separated regions. We observe tunneling magnetoresistance across naturally occurring AFI tunnel barriers separating adjacent ferromagnetic regions spanning the width of the bridges. Further, near the Curie temperature, a magnetic field induced metal-to-insulator transition among a discrete number of regions within the narrow bridges gives rise to abrupt and colossal low-field magnetoresistance steps at well defined switching fields.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Applied Physics Letters
Spin-phonon interactions and magnetoelectric coupling in Co$_4$$B_2$O$_9$ ($B$ = Nb, Ta)
Creators: name: Park, K.
name: Kim, J.
name: Choi, S.
name: Fan, S.
name: Kim, C.
name: Oh, D. G.
name: Lee, N.
name: Cheong, S. -W.
name: Kiryukhin, V.
name: Choi, Y. J.
name: Vanderbilt, D.
name: Lee, J. H.
name: Musfeldt, J. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to explore the consequences of spin-orbit coupling on spin-phonon interactions in a set of chemically-similar mixed metal oxides, we measured the infrared vibrational properties of Co$_4B_2$O$_9$ ($B$ = Nb, Ta) as a function of temperature and compared our findings with lattice dynamics calculations and several different models of spin-phonon coupling. Frequency vs. temperature trends for the Co$^{2+}$ shearing mode near 150 cm$^{-1}$ reveal significant shifts across the magnetic ordering temperature that are especially large in relative terms. Bringing these results together and accounting for noncollinearity, we obtain spin-phonon coupling constants of -3.4 and -4.3 cm$^{-1}$ for Co$_4$Nb$_2$O$_9$ and the Ta analog, respectively. Analysis reveals that these coupling constants derive from interlayer (rather than intralayer) exchange interactions and that the interlayer interactions contain competing antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic contributions. At the same time, beyond-Heisenberg terms are minimized due to fortuitous symmetry considerations, different than most other 4$d$- and 5$d$-containing oxides. Comparison with other contemporary oxides shows that spin-phonon coupling in this family of materials is among the strongest ever reported, suggesting an origin for magnetoelectric coupling.
On the spectrum of the periodic Dirac operator
Creators: name: Danilov, L. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35P05

description: The absolute continuity of the spectrum for the periodic Dirac operator $$ \hat D=\sum_{j=1}^n(-i\frac {\partial}{\partial x_j}-A_j)\hat α_j + \hat V^{(0)}+\hat V^{(1)}, x\in R^n, n\geq 3, $$ is proved given that either $A\in C(R^n;R^n)\cap H^q_{loc}(R^n;R^n)$, 2q > n-2, or the Fourier series of the vector potential $A:R^n\to R^n$ is absolutely convergent. Here, $\hat V^{(s)}=(\hat V^{(s)})^*$ are continuous matrix functions and $\hat V^{(s)}\hat α_j=(-1}^s\hat α_j\hat V^{(s)}$ for all anticommuting Hermitian matrices $\hat α_j$, $\hat α_j^2=\hat I$, s=0,1.
description: 17 pages
Five-loop Konishi from the Mirror TBA
Creators: name: Arutyunov, Gleb
name: Frolov, Sergey
name: Suzuki, Ryo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz equations for the AdS_5 \times S^5 mirror model to derive the five-loop anomalous dimension of the Konishi operator. We show numerically that the corresponding result perfectly agrees with the one recently obtained via the generalized Luscher formulae. This constitutes an important test of the AdS/CFT TBA system.
description: 14 pages, 2 figures, v2: published version
title: A Survey of Utah's Public Secondary Education Science Teachers to Determine Their Feelings of Preparedness to Teach Engineering Design
Creators: name: Ames, Roland Tyler
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2014

description: Education is always changing and science education is no exception, with many influential publications passing through science education over the years. The latest wave in science standards is called the Next Generation Science Standards. The Next Generation Science Standards are anticipated to have a significant effect on state science standards around the entire country. One thing about these new standards is very different from all previous science standards—they include the principle of engineering design in them.
Asking science teachers to teach engineering design is asking them to teach a principle for which their teaching licensure would not have formally prepared them. Consequently, the hypothesis of this study was that the feeling of preparedness to teach engineering design would be low among public secondary education Utah science teachers. This study shows that hypothesis to be correct: Utah science teachers do not feel prepared to teach engineering design. The feelings of teacher preparedness can be improved through professional development and inclusion of engineering design into science teacher education programs. It should be infused into these arenas now that teachers have indicated their low feelings of preparedness. More teacher preparation should be sought because an unprepared teacher will not prepare students as well as a prepared teacher. And, creating prepared students is the goal of the education system.
Angular power spectra of anisotropic stochastic gravitational wave background: developing statistical methods and analyzing data from ground-based detectors
Creators: name: Agarwal, Deepali
name: Suresh, Jishnu
name: Mitra, Sanjit
name: Ain, Anirban
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Unresolved sources of gravitational waves can create a stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) which may have intrinsic or extrinsic anisotropies. The angular power spectrum is a well-suited estimator for characterizing diffuse anisotropic distributions in the sky. Here we estimate the first model-independent all-sky all-frequency SGWB angular power spectra in the 20-1726 Hz frequency range from the third observing run (O3) of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. We develop a method to use the spectrum's signal-to-noise ratio as the detection statistic and show that the shape of the distribution of the statistic obtained from the data agrees with the analytical model with a modified value of the parameter. Since we find the data to be consistent with noise, $95\%$ confidence Bayesian upper limits are set on the angular power spectra, ranging from $C_\ell^{1/2}\leq(3.0\times10^{-9}-0.73)~\text{sr}^{-1}$. We also introduce a method to combine the narrow band angular power spectra to obtain estimators for broadband SGWB. These results can directly constrain theoretical models that predict the SGWB angular power spectra and for estimating or constraining the corresponding parameters. In addition, the results and the techniques introduced in this work can be useful for performing correlation-based searches, for instance, with electromagnetic observations.
description: 14 Pages, 5 figures, 1 table
Multi-state Boson Stars
Creators: name: Bernal, Argelia
name: Barranco, Juan
name: Alic, Daniela
name: Palenzuela, Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the increasing interest in models which consider scalar fields as viable dark matter candidates, we have constructed a generalization of relativistic Boson Stars (BS) composed of two coexisting states of the scalar field, the ground state and the first excited state. We have studied the dynamical evolution of these Multi-state Boson Stars (MSBS) under radial perturbations, using numerical techniques. We show that stable MSBS can be constructed, when the number of particles in the first excited state, N2, is smaller than the number of particles in the ground state, N1. On the other hand, when N2 > N1, the configurations are initially unstable. However, they evolve and settle down into stable configurations. In the stabilization process, the initially ground state is excited and ends in a first excited state, whereas the initially first excited state ends in a ground state. During this process, both states emit scalar field radiation, decreasing their number of particles. This behavior shows that even though BS in the first excited state are intrinsically unstable under finite perturbations, the configuration resulting from the combination of this state with the ground state produces stable objects. Finally we show in a qualitative way, that stable MSBS could be realistic models of dark matter galactic halos, as they produce rotation curves that are flatter at large radii than the rotation curves produced by BS with only one state.
description: 14 pages. Extended discussion and new figures added. Conclusions unchanged. Accepted for publication in Physical Review D
Numerical simulations of divergence-type theories for conformal dissipative fluids
Creators: name: Montes, Pablo
name: Rubio, Marcelo E.
name: Reula, Oscar A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first numerical simulations of the symmetric--hyperbolic theory for conformal dissipative relativistic fluids developed in [1]. In this theory, the information of the fluid dynamics is encoded in a scalar generating function which depends on three free parameters. By adapting the WENO-Z high-resolution shock-capturing central scheme, we show numerical solutions restricted to planar symmetry in Minkowski spacetime, from two qualitatively different initial data: a smooth bump and a discontinuous step. We perform a detailed exploration of the effect of the different parameters of the theory, and numerically assess the constitutive relations associated with the shear viscosity by analyzing the entropy production rate when shocks are produced.
description: 22 pages, 14 figures
title: The Role of Vegetation Structure, Composition, and Nutrition in Greater Sage-Grouse Ecology in Northwestern Utah
Creators: name: Wing, Brian R.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2014

description: The greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; sage-grouse) is the largest grouse species in North America and an indicator species for the condition of sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) ecosystems. The Box Elder Sage-Grouse Management Area (SGMA) in northwestern Utah encompasses one of the state’s largest sage-grouse populations.
To fill knowledge gaps regarding the population inhabiting the Raft River subunit of the Box Elder SGMA, I captured, radio-marked, and monitored 123 (68 female, 55 male) sage-grouse from January 2012 through December 2013. My purpose was to describe how the seasonal movements, survival, and reproductive rates of this sage-grouse population are effected by small-scale habitat use and breeding season foraging patterns.
Sage-grouse in the Raft River subunit have distinct winter and summer ranges, and some travelled long distances annually. Survival rates were similar to other Utah populations and range-wide averages. Nest and brood success rates were above range-wide averages and those reported in the adjacent Grouse Creek subunit of the same SGMA.
Sage-grouse in the study area selected habitats with specific vegetation characteristics to fit their seasonal needs. Sage-grouse use sites differed from random sites with greater forb height, grass height, and shrub height and cover. Nest success rates were directly related to selected vegetation, as successful nests were located more often under sagebrush and within greater forb height and cover and grass and shrub height than unsuccessful nests. Brood sites were also greater in forb, grass, and shrub height than other use sites.
In March and April of 2013, I located radio-marked sage-grouse at flock browse sites to observe their sagebrush diet selection patterns. Lab analyses showed no differences in nutritional quality or chemical composition between browsed sagebrush plants and non-browsed and random plants. However, browsed black sagebrush (A. nova) was lower in protein and higher in chemical content than browsed Wyoming big sagebrush (A. tridentata wyomingensis). Radio-marked females were frequently observed at sites where black sagebrush was browsed, and one individual chemical was considerably more concentrated in browsed plants associated with females that nested successfully.
My research provides useful information regarding the seasonal habitat use patterns and vegetation preferences of sage-grouse in the Box Elder SGMA. To conserve the sage-grouse population in northwestern Utah, management actions must protect the seasonal habitats and vegetation that the species depends on for its productivity and survival.
title: The Analysis and Manufacturing of the Personal Vacuum Assisted Climber II
Creators: name: Astle, Rhet B.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2014

description: The Personal Vacuum Assisted Climber or PVAC for short (as shown in Fig 2) is a new means for climbing walls. Unlike ordinary climbing methods used today, the PVAC scales walls via suction. This suction is produced by three spinning impellers within each vacuum motor, which removes air from a sealed area. A climber pulls down on a vacuum pressure release mechanism to release the vacuum. Foot stirrups are used by the climber to climb to the next higher step. This allows the strength of the climber's legs to lift his/her body reducing arm fatigue, allowing rapid ascension of any climbable wall.
The overall desirables to accomplish in this project are to make a new system that is:

Lightweight
Improved ergonomics
Easy to manufacture and produce
Quieter

These items were accomplished by using design tools such as Finite Element Analysis (FEA), Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA), Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA), preexisting studies (ergonomics), and testing techniques.
Tests were conducted to ensure that the new PVAC is operating to safe standards. These tests will be looked at in the following areas:

Sound Reduction
Battery Voltage Profile
Temperature Analysis
Vacuum Motor Performance
Friction Coefficient Experiments

Lastly, future applications and new improvements were addressed so next generation systems can be made if further development ensues.
Order in Innovation
Creators: name: Ho, Martin
name: Price, Henry CW
name: Evans, Tim S
name: O'Sullivan, Eoin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Is calendar time the true clock of innovation? By combining complexity science with innovation economics and using vaccine datasets containing over three million citations and eight regulatory authorisations, we discover that calendar time and network order describe innovation progress at varying accuracy. First, we present a method to establish a mathematical link between technological evolution and complex networks. The result is a path of events that narrates innovation bottlenecks. Next, we quantify the position and proximity of documents to these innovation paths and find that research, by and large, proceed from basic research, applied research, development, to commercialisation. By extension, we are able to causally quantify the participation of innovation funders. When it comes to vaccine innovation, diffusion-oriented entities are preoccupied with basic, later-stage research; biopharmaceuticals tend to participate in applied development activities and clinical trials at the later-stage; while mission-oriented entities tend to initiate early-stage research. Future innovation programs and funding allocations would benefit from better understanding innovation orders.
Numerical simulation projects in micromagnetics with Jupyter
Creators: name: Lonsky, Martin
name: Lang, Martin
name: Holt, Samuel
name: Pathak, Swapneel Amit
name: Klause, Robin
name: Lo, Tzu-Hsiang
name: Beg, Marijan
name: Hoffmann, Axel
name: Fangohr, Hans
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a case study where an existing materials science course was modified to include numerical simulation projects on the micromagnetic behavior of materials. The Ubermag micromagnetic simulation software package is used in order to solve problems computationally. The simulation software is controlled through Python code in Jupyter notebooks. Our experience is that the self-paced problem-solving nature of the project work can facilitate a better in-depth exploration of the course contents. We discuss which aspects of the Ubermag and the project Jupyter ecosystem have been beneficial for the students' learning experience and which could be transferred to similar teaching activities in other subject areas.
description: Main article: 9 pages; supplementary material: 24 pages. Accepted for publication in American Journal of Physics
title: Community Partnerships: The Key to Preventing Injuries
Creators: name: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
Publisher: name: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04gcfqs37
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 1998
Subjects: classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/90718
subject: Crash analysis
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/90683
subject: Crash causes
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/90633
subject: Safety campaigns
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/90861
subject: Emergency medical services
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/92134
subject: Fire departments
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/91724
subject: Coalitions
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/90636
subject: Safety education

description: Campaign Safe & Sober
description: Success to emergency medical and fire services personnel is every injury that has been prevented. In the 1990s, however, it became difficult to maintain prevention programs as budgets declined. The critical components of injury prevention -- problem identification, data collection, resource allocation, and public education -- were adversely affected as dollars became scarce. Fortunately, many emergency medical and fire services turned to creative means to do more with less. One of the most successful approaches was joining with community coalitions. Two emergency medical and fire services agencies demonstrated how they made real savings of lives in their communities by focusing on a single critical problem.
In vivo detection of changes in cutaneous carotenoids after chemotherapy using shifted excitation resonance Raman difference and fluorescence spectroscopy
Creators: name: Jung, Sora
name: Darvin, Maxim E.
name: Schleusener, Johannes
name: Thiede, Gisela
name: Lademann, Juergen
name: Braune, Marcel
name: Elban, Felia
name: Fuss, Harald
Publisher: name: Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: carotenoids
subject: chemotherapy
subject: fluorescence
subject: Raman difference spectroscopy
subject: shifted excitation resonance
subject: 610

description: Background: Various cutaneous toxicities under chemotherapy indicate a local effect of chemotherapy by secretion after systemic application. Here, changes in the fluorescence and Raman spectral properties of the stratum corneum subsequent to intravenous chemotherapy were assessed. Methods: Twenty healthy subjects and 20 cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy were included. Measurement time points in cancer patients were before the first cycle of chemotherapy (Tbase) and immediately after intravenous application of the chemotherapy (T1). Healthy subjects were measured once without any further intervention. Measurements were conducted using an individually manufactured system consisting of a handheld probe and a wavelength-tunable diode laser-based 488 nm SHG light source. Hereby, changes in both skin fluorescence and shifted excitation resonance Raman difference spectroscopy (SERRDS) carotenoid signals were assessed. Results: Healthy subjects showed significantly (P
Relativistic effects in ionization of heavy hydrogen-like ions by short X-ray pulses
Creators: name: Novak, O.
name: Diachenko, M.
name: Kholodov, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The probability of photoionization of a heavy hydrogen like ion is calculated within the relativistic perturbation theory. The Coulomb potential of a heavy nucleus is taken into account accurately by usage of the corresponding solutions of the Dirac equation. The obtained probability is compared with both nonrelativistic limit and with nonperturbative results based on the numerical solution of the time-dependent Dirac equation. Suppression of ionization is observed in the secondary ionization channel at photon frequency of about $\hbarω\approx mc^2$.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures
Comment on "Observational Evidence for Cosmological Coupling of Black Holes and its Implications for an Astrophysical Source of Dark Energy"
Creators: name: Mistele, Tobias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It was recently claimed that black holes can explain the accelerated expansion of the universe. Here I point out that this claim is based on a confusion about the principle of least action, undermining the link between black holes and dark energy.
description: 5 pages
title: Severed Hands as Symbols of Humanity in Legend and Popular Narratives
Creators: name: White, Scott
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2014

description: Modern scholarly theories of oral folk narrative suggest that urban legends contain expressions of cultural beliefs that can be understood both through the contexts in which these stories are told and through the elements of the stories that remain constant across multiple tellings by various narrators. This study centers exclusively on stories and popular culture products that utilize missing or damaged fingers, hands, or arms, in order to identify the cultural values that are attached to hands in American culture. These stories in particular were chosen because the severed hand was perceived at the onset to be a common element within stories that had not been broadly analyzed. The particular theories that drive this study are drawn from the fields of folklore, disability studies, psychology, and neuroscience, and suggest that stories about severed hands express belief about the nature of humanity.
Once the hypothesis was formed, I turned to the Fife Folklore Archives of the Merril-Cazier Library at Utah State University in order to collect transcripts of interviews in which severed hand legends had been told. Three hundred fifty potential texts were initially identified, and two hundred fifty featured a mention of severed hands. Those texts were then classified by what role the severed hand played in the course of the story into three distinct categories: villains with severed hands and prosthetics, victims who lose hands in the course of the narrative, and severed hands appearing in pranks or as contaminants. The narratives of each category were then analyzed, and themes of evil, risk, safety, and crossed boundaries began to emerge.
To verify the cultural themes of the textual study, popular culture narratives were then analyzed to determine if similar themes were expressed. This set of narratives included movies, television, comic books, and novels. While the same themes were expressed in these narratives, the categories of evil and crossed boundaries each featured subverted forms of heroism and hands as characters as well, all of which supported the original interpretation.
The results indicate that severed hands in American narratives represent lost humanity, and therefore that the hand is a vital part of how individuals within the culture might perceive their own humanity.
A reliable cluster detection technique using photometric redshifts: introducing the 2TecX algorithm
Creators: name: van Breukelen, Caroline
name: Clewley, Lee
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new cluster detection algorithm designed for finding high-redshift clusters using optical/infrared imaging data. The algorithm has two main characteristics. First, it utilises each galaxy's full redshift probability function, instead of an estimate of the photometric redshift based on the peak of the probability function and an associated Gaussian error. Second, it identifies cluster candidates through cross-checking the results of two substantially different selection techniques (the name 2TecX representing the cross-check of the two techniques). These are adaptations of the Voronoi Tesselations and Friends-Of-Friends methods. Monte-Carlo simulations of mock catalogues show that cross-checking the cluster candidates found by the two techniques significantly reduces the detection of spurious sources. Furthermore, we examine the selection effects and relative strengths and weaknesses of either method. The simulations also allow us to fine-tune the algorithm's parameters, and define completeness and mass limit as a function of redshift. We demonstrate that the algorithm isolates high-redshift clusters at a high level of efficiency and low contamination.
description: 13 Pages, 17 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
title: Shear and Flexural Capacity of Four 50-Year-Old Post-Tensioned Concrete Bridge Girders
Creators: name: Lo, Wing Hong Louis
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2014

description: During the fall of 2012, two separate Interstate 15 highway bridges over the 400 South roadway in Orem, Utah were demolished after 50 years of service. Four post-tensioned girders were salvaged from both the north-bound and south-bound bridge. A series of tests was performed with these girders in the System Material And Structural Health Laboratory (SMASH Lab). The girders were tested with different loading criteria to determine the strength and material properties of the girder. The experimental results were compared with the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials Load Resistance Factored Design (AASHTO LRFD) Bridge Design Specifications and a finite-element model using ANSYS. The AASHTO LRFD Specification was fairly conservative on predicting capacity and capable of predicting the type of failure that occurred. The ANSYS model was developed and calibrated to model the girder behavior. The concrete properties in the model were significantly adjusted in order to be comparable to the experimental results. Further exploration in ANSYS needs to be done to precisely model the actual behavior of the girder.
title: Time Series Analysis of Macroeconomic Conditions in Open Economies
Creators: name: Barja, Gover
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1995

description: Three macroeconomic issues are examined in separate self-contained studies. The first study tests the business cycle theory with application of an enhanced Augmented Dickey-Fuller test on the U.S. time series of real gross national product. Unlike previous studies, the null hypothesis of a unit root is rejected. The second study tests for IS-LM conditions in the U.S. during the post-Bretton Woods era by combining the Johansen's approach to cointegration with bootstrap algorithms. The estimated model produces a dynamic version of the IS-LM that permits short-term evaluations of fiscal and monetary policies. The third study seeks to explain the observed persistence in the Bolivan dollarization process. It is found that dollarization is now an irreversible process, with the Bolivian economy in transition toward equalization with U.S. prices and interest rates.
Bandit Algorithm Driven by a Classical Random Walk and a Quantum Walk
Creators: name: Yamagami, Tomoki
name: Segawa, Etsuo
name: Mihana, Takatomo
name: Röhm, André
name: Horisaki, Ryoichi
name: Naruse, Makoto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Quantum walks (QWs) have a property that classical random walks (RWs) do not possess -- the coexistence of linear spreading and localization -- and this property is utilized to implement various kinds of applications. This paper proposes RW- and QW-based algorithms for multi-armed-bandit (MAB) problems. We show that, under some settings, the QW-based model realizes higher performance than the corresponding RW-based one by associating the two operations that make MAB problems difficult -- exploration and exploitation -- with these two behaviors of QWs.
description: 21 pages, 11 figures
The Soil Sentinel - Issue 9
Creators: name: Loades, Kenneth
name: Hargreaves, Paul
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: The Soil Sentinel was produced as part of the Healthy Soils (JHI-D3-1) project with input from CentrePeat (JHI-D3-2) and the Achieving Multi-Purpose Nature Based Solutions (AiM NBS) (JHI-D2-2) project. We acknowledge funding through the Rural & Environment Science & Analytical Services Division of the Scottish Government. The Soil Sentinel is published every 4 months throughout the project duration, 2022-2027.
CP Violation Makes Left-Right Symmetric Extensions With Non-Hermitian Mass Matrices Appear Unnatural
Creators: name: Gielen, Steffen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Following a similar recent analysis for CP violation in the electroweak sector of the standard model, we estimate the naturalness of a magnitude of CP violation (measured by the Jarlskog invariant J) close to the observed value in extensions of the standard model with left-right symmetry, such as the Pati-Salam model, where quark mass matrices are not Hermitian in general. We construct a simple and natural measure on the space of complex matrices which is both geometrically motivated and uses the observed quark mass hierarchy. We find that, unlike in the case of the standard model where the observed value for J seemed rather typical, one would now expect to observe |J|< 10^{-7}, clearly in conflict with the observed value J $\approx$ 3 x 10^{-5}. The crucial difference in the calculation lies in the non-Hermiticity of mass matrices that modifies the measure. We conclude that one would need additional assumptions modifying the measure to reproduce the observed value, and that in this sense the standard model is preferred to certain classes of left-right symmetric extensions: It does not need additional assumptions to explain the magnitude of CP violation.
description: 17 pages, corrected minor typos, version to appear in Phys. Rev. D
Dirty black hole supported by a uniform electric field in Einstein-Nonlinear Electrodynamics-Dilaton theory
Creators: name: Mazharimousavi, S. Habib
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this study, we present an exact dirty/hairy black hole solution in the context of gravity coupled minimally to a nonlinear electrodynamic (NED) and a Dilaton field. The NED model is known in the literature as the square-root (SR) model i.e., $\mathcal{L}\sim \sqrt{-\mathcal{F}}.$ The black hole solution which is supported by a uniform radial electric field and a singular Dilaton scalar field is non-asymptotically flat and singular with the singularity located at its center. An appropriate transformation results in an interesting line element $ds^{2}=-\left( 1-\frac{2M}{ρ^{η^{2}}} \right) ρ^{2\left( η^{2}-1\right) }dτ^{2}+\left( 1-\frac{2M}{ ρ^{η^{2}}}\right) ^{-1}dρ^{2}+\varkappa ^{2}ρ^{2}dΩ^{2} $ with two parameters - namely the mass $M$ and the Dilaton parameter $ η^{2}>1$ ($\varkappa ^{2}=\frac{1}{η^{2}}$) - which may be simply considered as the dirty Schwarzschild black hole. This is because with $η^{2}\rightarrow 1$ the spacetime reduces to the Schwarzschild black hole. We show that although the causal structure of the above spacetime is similar to the Schwarzschild black hole, it is thermally stable for $η^{2}>2$. Furthermore, the tidal force of this black hole behaves the same as a Schwarzschild black hole, however, its magnitude depends on $η^{2}$\ such that its minimum is not corresponding to $η^{2}=1$\ (Schwarzschild limit).
description: 16 pages 6 figures, final copy with minor corrections in figures 5 and 6, published in EPJC
title: Effects of Grazing Intensity by Sheep on the Production of Atriplex nummularia and Sheep Live Weight in Jordan
Creators: name: Tadros, Kamal I.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1987

description: Rangelands in Jordan are deteriorated due to a combination of harsh environmental conditions and human misuse. Jordan is importing increasingly large quantities of meat and animal products to meet the demand from its growing population. Sheep are supplementarily fed during the dry season and large quantities of grain supplements are imported every year.
Significant success has been attained in the establishment of Atriplex nummularia Lindl. (ATNU) in Jordan. There is, however, a general lack of adequate research to determine if ATNU is effectively utilized by local sheep, to what extent it is utilized and to what extent it tolerates grazing. The objectives of this research were to determine the effects of grazing ATNU at two intensities (moderate and heavy) on subsequent production of ATNU browse, and on sheep live weight.
Results of this research showed that HNU shrubs are grazing tolerant, they are stimulated by grazing to produce more forage than the non-grazed shrubs. When heavily grazed in the fall, they showed greater compensatory growth than moderately grazed shrubs, but the moderately grazed shrubs gave sustained production better than those heavily grazed in both good and bad years.
Sheep grazing ATNU shrubs with native forage (grasses and forbs) in the fall gained more weight at the moderately grazed treatments. The amount of sheep-live-weight gain was positively affected by the amount of food intake per sheep metabolic body weight and inversely affected by the percentage of ATNU browse in the diet. ATNU although less preferred by sheep than grasses and forbs, could probably be used up to 40% of the diet and still maintain sheep live weight.
ATNU is a good source of forage especially during the dry season, it provides (with native grasses and forbs) a high-quality forage and may considerably reduce the amount of costly supplements imported to Jordan.
On higher order boundary Harnack and analyticity of free boundaries
Creators: name: Zhang, Chilin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We establish a C^1,alpha Schauder estimate of a non-standard degenerate elliptic equation and use it to give another proof of the higher order boundary Harnack inequality. As an application, we obtain the analyticity of the free boundary in the classical obstacle problem based on iterating the boundary Harnack principle.
Repetition and difference : poetic invocations of nature in visual art
Creators: name: MacDermott, MT
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: Repetition, particularly as employed in minimalist art, has been contrasted to the poetic insofar as it is associated with notions such as sameness and standardization, while the poetic is associated with uniqueness and difference. In my work however, my aim is to express a poetics of nature through the use of repetition. Because of the centrality of repetition, minimal ism was the initial context that informed the research. But while minimalists emphasized the modular, which has connotations of standardization and mass production, my interest resides in how repetition operates in nature where there is never an exact replication. The key artists within the research context are Carl Andre whose use of the modular grid evokes a sense of environment; Claude Monet in relation to his investigations of the nuance of changing light and atmospheric conditions as manifested particularly in his water lily series; Paul Klee's use of repetitive tree-like structures; Agnes Martin's repetition of the horizon in her monochromatic paintings; Emily Kame Kngwarreye's repetition of marks/gestures that draw on nature in her paintings; and Vija Celmins' repetitions of marks and of oceanic and inter-stellar motifs. Correlations have been formed in the research between Gilles Deleuze's understanding of repetition within Difference and Repetition and Gaston Bache lard's definition of poetics within The Poetics of Space. I propose that the similarity of the operations of repetition and poetics suggests they can be viewed as being related, and that the essential condition of the two orders is mobility. The three main aspects of nature that have been researched in relation to mobility and repetition are: the wave and its dual characteristics within water and light; growth, particularly leaf vein structures that appear uniform but are unique; and time seen through cycles and evolutions in nature. My contribution to the field is in extending a dialogue in which repetition is not mere replication of the same but arises out of the recognition of difference within sameness.
CP-Violation in Low-Energy Photon-Photon Interactions
Creators: name: Millo, R.
name: Faccioli, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: CP-violation in the loop-mediated photon-photon interactions would modify the birefringence of the quantum vacuum. We discuss the implications of this effect on the PVLAS-Phase II experiment, in which a time-dependent magnetic field is modulated. We show that the violation of CP would imply the existence of characteristic Fourier components, in the intensity spectrum of the outgoing wave. In order to estimate the magnitude of this effect within the Standard Model, we use chiral perturbation theory to compute the theta-term contribution to the coefficient of the leading CP-odd vertex, in the low-energy effective field theory for photon dynamics.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures. New results added. Definitive version, published in Phys. Rev. D
title: The Morphological and Anatomical Effects of Pyrazon on Beans and Pigweed
Creators: name: Rodebush, James E.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1968

description: Morphological and anatomical effects of pyrazon, 5-amino-4-chloro-2-phenyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone, on Phaseolus vulgaris L. and Amaranthus retroflexus L. were studied after treatment of seeds or seedlings at various pyrazon concentration, exposure times and environmental regimes.
Beans treated with pyrazon developed various chlorotic and necrotic symptoms on the unifoliate leaves. Chlorosis and necrosis were observed first on the leaf margins. Beans treated with pyrazon under a complete dark regime developed symptoms much later than those under an alternating light and dark regime. Pyrazon treated pigweed displayed symptoms similar to those on beans.
Pyrazon induced abnormal chloroplasts and graded cellular collapse in the unifoliate leaves of beans and cotyledons of pigweed.
The severity and/or extent to which morphological and anatomical symptoms developed were dependent upon herbicide concentration, exposure and treatment regime.
Stacks of Azobenzene Stars: Self-Assembly Scenario and Stabilising Forces Quantified in Computer Modelling
Creators: name: Savchenko, Vladyslav
name: Koch, Markus
name: Pavlov, Aleksander S.
name: Saphiannikova, Marina
name: Guskova, Olga
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: azobenzenes
subject: computer simulations
subject: cooperativity
subject: hydrogen bonding
subject: self-assembly
subject: 540

description: In this paper, the columnar supramolecular aggregates of photosensitive star-shaped azobenzenes with benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide core and azobenzene arms are analyzed theoretically by applying a combination of computer simulation techniques. Without a light stimulus, the azobenzene arms adopt the trans-state and build one-dimensional columns of stacked molecules during the first stage of the noncovalent association. These columnar aggregates represent the structural elements of more complex experimentally observed morphologies-fibers, spheres, gels, and others. Here, we determine the most favorable mutual orientations of the trans-stars in the stack in terms of (i) the p - p distance between the cores lengthwise the aggregate, (ii) the lateral displacements due to slippage and (iii) the rotation promoting the helical twist and chirality of the aggregate. To this end, we calculate the binding energy diagrams using density functional theory. The model predictions are further compared with available experimental data. The intermolecular forces responsible for the stability of the stacks in crystals are quantified using Hirshfeld surface analysis. Finally, to characterize the self-assembly mechanism of the stars in solution, we calculate the hydrogen bond lengths, the normalized dipole moments and the binding energies as functions of the columnar length. For this, molecular dynamics trajectories are analyzed. Finally, we conclude about the cooperative nature of the self-assembly of star-shaped azobenzenes with benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide core in aqueous solution.
Polynomial-exponential equations -- some new cases of solvability
Creators: name: Mantova, Vincenzo
name: Masser, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03C60, 14H42, 30C15 (Primary) 32A60, 33E05, 12L12 (Secondary)

description: Recently Brownawell and the second author proved a "non-degenerate" case of the (unproved) "Zilber Nullstellensatz" in connexion with "Strong Exponential Closure". Here we treat some significant new cases. In particular these settle completely the problem of solving polynomial-exponential equations in two complex variables. The methods of proof are also new, as is the consequence, for example, that there are infinitely many complex $z$ with $e^z+e^{1/z}=1$.
description: 27 pages; added various clarifications; to appear in Proc. Lond. Math. Soc
RooStatsCms: a tool for analysis modelling, combination and statistical studies
Creators: name: Piparo, Danilo
name: Schott, Gregory
name: Quast, Gunter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: RooStatsCms is an object oriented statistical framework based on the RooFit technology. Its scope is to allow the modelling, statistical analysis and combination of multiple search channels for new phenomena in High Energy Physics. It provides a variety of methods described in literature implemented as classes, whose design is oriented to the execution of multiple CPU intensive jobs on batch systems or on the Grid.
description: 10 pages and 7 figures, Proceedings of the CHEP09 Conference