cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Unconventional superconductivity on the triangular lattice Hubbard model
Creators: name: Chen, Kuang Shing
name: Meng, Zi Yang
name: Yu, Unjong
name: Yang, Shuxiang
name: Jarrell, Mark
name: Moreno, Juana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using large-scale dynamical cluster quantum Monte Carlo simulations, we explore the unconventional superconductivity in the hole-doped Hubbard model on the triangular lattice. Due to the interplay of electronic correlations, geometric frustration, and Fermi surface topology, we find a doubly degenerate singlet pairing state at an interaction strength close to the bare bandwidth. Such an unconventional superconducting state is mediated by antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations along the $Γ$-$K$ direction, where the Fermi surface is nested. An exact decomposition of the irreducible particle-particle vertex further confirms the dominant component of the effective pairing interaction comes from the spin channel. Our findings provide support for chiral $d +i d$ superconductivity in water-intercalated sodium cobaltates Na$_{x}$CoO$_{2} \cdot y$H$_{2}$O, as well as insight into the superconducting phases of the organic compounds $κ$-(ET)$_{2}$X and Pd(dmit)$_{2}$.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
КОРМОВАЯ ИЗБИРАТЕЛЬНОСТЬ ПОЛУВОЛЬНЫХ БИЗОНОВ (BISON BISON) В ДЕРНОВИННОЗЛАКОВОЙ СТЕПИ ДОЛИНЫ ЗАПАДНОГО МАНЫЧА
Creators: name: АБАТУРОВ Б.Д.
name: ДЖАПОВА Р.Р.
name: КАЗЬМИН В.Д.
name: АЮШЕВА Е.Ч.
name: БЕМБЕЕВА О.Г.
name: ДЖАПОВА В.В.
Publisher: name: Аридные экосистемы
Year: 2020
Subjects: СОСТАВ РАЦИОНА БИЗОНОВ
НАДЗЕМНАЯ ФИТОМАССА
ИЗБИРАТЕЛЬНОСТЬ ПИТАНИЯ
DIET COMPOSITION
ABOVEGROUND PHYTOMASS
SELECTIVITY OF FOOD

description: Материалы о составе кормовых растений в питании бизонов получены в летний и осенний сезоны 2018 г. в вольере на территории охранной зоны заповедника «Ростовский». Описываемая территория расположена в дерновиннозлаковой степи долины р. Западный Маныч. Данные по сезонной динамике состава кормовых растений в рационе бизонов получили, применив метод кутикулярного микроскопического анализа экскрементов. Для видовой идентификации ботанических фрагментов из экскрементов создали электронную базу эталонной структуры кутикулы видов, составляющих флористическое богатство пастбища для бизонов. В летнем рационе бизонов доля злаков - 64%, а в осеннем - 84%. Индекс избирательности злаков составил 2.1 летом и 4.3 в осенний период, а разнотравья в летний сезон - 0.5, в осенний снизился до 0.2. Величина индекса зависит не только от вкусовых предпочтений животных, но и от обилия вида в надземной массе травостоя пастбища, а также от фазы вегетации растений.
title: Should we correct speleothem carbon isotope records for degassing and prior calcite precipitation?
Creators: name:  Stoll ,  Heather
name:  Lechleitner ,  Franziska
name:  Day ,  Christopher
name:  Kost ,  Oliver
name:  Endres ,  Laura
name:  Perez ,  Carlos
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2021

description: The carbon isotopic signature acquired from soil/epikarst processes may be a primary environmental signal of interest to interpret from speleothem d13C. However, this signal can be modified by prior calcite precipitation effects. To date, despite laboratory demonstration of PCP effects and increasingly sophisticated models fo the governing processes, there has been limited effort to deconvolve the dual PCP and soil/epikarst effects on measured speleothem carbon isotope time series. In this contribution we evaluate the feasibility, advantages, and disadvantages of using trace element ratios and the d44Ca calcium isotopic ratio to estimate PCP and isolate its contribution to the measured speleothem d13C. We assess the challenges in the PCP indicators, such as incongruent dissolution, detrital influence on trace elements, and temperature or saturation effects on partitioning. We use the CaveCalc model of multi-step degassing with equilibrium fractionation to estimate the minimum contribution of PCP on the measured d13C. We compare the resulting estimated initial (without PCP) d13C calculated for the speleothem with cave monitoring data of d13C of undegassed DIC in the modern system. We contrast the potential for estimates of absolute initial d13C with the potential to estimate the temporal trends in initial d13C.
Dietary fatty acids and risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias: Observations from the Washington Heights‐Hamilton Heights‐Inwood Columbia Aging Project (WHICAP)
Creators: name: Gustafson, Deborah R.
name: Bäckman, K.
name: Scarmeas, Nikolaos
name: Stern, Yaakov
name: Manly, Jennifer J.
name: Mayeux, Richard Paul
name: Gu, Yian
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Alzheimer's disease
Unsaturated fatty acids

description: Introduction: High dietary intake of long chain, polyunsaturated fatty acids is associated with lower Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. Methods: Washington Heights‐Hamilton Heights‐Inwood Columbia Aging Project is a multiethnic, prospective observational study of aging and dementia among elderly (≥ 65 years). Dietary intake was measured using a food frequency questionnaire. Dietary short‐, medium‐, and long‐chain fatty acid intakes were categorized by number of carbons and double bonds. Consensus AD diagnoses were made. Associations between AD risk and dietary fatty acid and cholesterol intakes were estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results: Of 2612 multiethnic women (67%) and men (baseline age 76.3 [6.4] years), 380 developed AD over an average 4.5 years follow‐up. Lower risk of AD was associated with increasing intakes of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; hazard ratio [HR] = 0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.57 to 0.95, P = 0.018) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; HR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.57 to 0.95, P = 0.021), and longer AD‐free survival (P < 0.05). Discussion: Higher intake of DHA and EPA are protective for AD.
Bonding Charge Density and Ultimate Strength of Monolayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
Creators: name: Li, Junwen
name: Medhekar, Nikhil V.
name: Shenoy, Vivek B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-dimensional (2D) semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) can withstand a large deformation without fracture or inelastic relaxation, making them attractive for application in novel strain-engineered and flexible electronic and optoelectronic devices. In this study, we characterize the mechanical response of monolayer group VI TMDs to large elastic deformation using first-principles density functional theory calculations. We find that the ultimate strength and the overall stress response of these 2D materials is strongly influenced by their chemical composition and loading direction. We demonstrate that differences in the observed mechanical behavior can be attributed to the spatial redistribution of the occupied hybridized electronic states in the region between the transition metal atom and the chalcogens. In spite of the strong covalent bonding between the transition metal and the chalcogens, we find that a simple linear relationship can be established to describe the dependence of the mechanical strength on the charge transfer from the transition metal atom to the chalcogens.
ВАРИАБЕЛЬНОСТЬ ЗАСОЛЕННОСТИ ПОЧВ И ФИТОРАЗНООБРАЗИЕ РАЗНОВОЗРАСТНЫХ УЧАСТКОВ ПРИМОРСКОЙ РАВНИНЫ ПРИКАСПИЯ
Creators: name: СТЕПАНОВА Н.Ю.
name: ГАСАНОВА З.У.
name: НУХИМОВСКАЯ Ю.Д.
name: КОНЮШКОВА М.В.
Publisher: name: Аридные экосистемы
Year: 2020
Subjects: СОЛОНЧАКИ
БИОРАЗНООБРАЗИЕ
ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ ПЕДОРАЗНООБРАЗИЕ
ПРИМОРСКАЯ РАВНИНА
ПРИКАСПИЙ
НЕОДНОРОДНОСТЬ
ЗАСОЛЕННОСТЬ
SOLONCHAKS
BIODIVERSITY
FUNCTIONAL PEDODIVERSITY
SEA PLAIN
CASPIAN SEA REGION
NONUNIFORMITY
SALINITY

description: В статье рассмотрены разновозрастные участки приморской равнины Каспийского моря (северный Дагестан) возрастом 1340±36 лет назад (Каспий-1) и 293±13 лет назад (Каспий-2). На основе детального почвенно-геоботанического исследования оценивалось изменение биоразнообразия растительного покрова и вариабельности засоленности почв со временем. Показано, что с возрастом в локальном масштабе неоднородности, с линейными размерами в единицы и десятки метров, произошло увеличение показателей вариабельности засоленности почв (размаха, квартильного размаха и стандартного отклонения), тогда как значения показателей биоразнообразия растительного покрова (флористическое богатство, число видов, число семейств, число длительно вегетирующих травянистых многолетников и эфемеров, наличие видов с разным отношением к степени засоления, дифференциация внутриценотического разнообразия) снизились. На молодом участке с тамариксовым сообществом (Каспий-2) наблюдается статистически значимая связь средней степени (R2=0.29) между засоленностью почв и растительностью, оцененной на основе данных по распределению доминантных видов, тогда как на более зрелом участке с поташниково-сведовым сообществом (Каспий-1) эта связь не значима. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о том, что при обсыхании территории после отступления моря изменение вариабельности свойств почв (засоленности) и растительности разнонаправлены: вариабельность засоленности почв (функциональное педоразнообразие) увеличивается с возрастом, тогда как вариабельность растительности (фиторазнообразие) снижается. Основным фактором, лимитирующим биоразнообразие более зрелого участка, на фоне высокого засоления почв обоих участков выступает, по-видимому, доступность влаги, так как на зрелом участке отмечается меньший запас влаги в верхнем метре почв.
Quantum holonomy in Lieb-Liniger model
Creators: name: Yonezawa, Nobuhiro
name: Tanaka, Atushi
name: Cheon, Taksu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine a parametric cycle in the N-body Lieb-Liniger model that starts from the free system and goes through Tonks-Girardeau and super-Tonks-Girardeau regimes and comes back to the free system. We show the existence of exotic quantum holonomy, whose detailed workings are analysed with the specific sample of two- and three body systems. The classification of eigenstates based on clustering structure naturally emerges from the analysis.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures; v2: published version, appendices added, fixed typos
Task‐based functional connectivity in aging: How task and connectivity methodology affect discovery of age effects
Creators: name: Varangis Burns, Eleanna Martha
name: Habeck, Christian G.
name: Stern, Yaakov
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Cognition
Brain--Aging

description: Introduction: Past studies have found that healthy aging has a significant effect on the organization and function of networks in the human brain. Many of these studies have examined how functional connectivity during one task or at rest is affected by aging; however, few studies have systematically examined how the effect of age on functional connectivity may vary as a function of choice of in‐scanner task. Methods: The present study included healthy adults between the ages of 20 and 80 and examined a variety of metrics of functional connectivity during performance of 11 in‐scanner tasks, falling into 4 cognitive domains: vocabulary, processing speed, fluid reasoning, and episodic memory. Functional connectivity was assessed at three levels: average correlations within and between 10 networks, system segregation (sensorimotor vs. association networks), and whole‐brain graph theory metrics (global efficiency and modularity). Results: Results showed that the effect of age on these metrics differed as a function of task—for example, age had a more consistent effect on functional connectivity metrics computed during fluid reasoning tasks; however, there was less of an effect of age on functional connectivity metrics computed during tasks of episodic memory. Further, some of these measures showed relationships with behavioral performance on the in‐scanner task, with different networks playing a role in the different cognitive domains. Conclusion: These findings suggest that while aging may be generally associated with reductions in within‐ and between‐network connectivity, system segregation, global efficiency, and modularity, the magnitude and presence of these effects varies by in‐scanner task.
Associations between personality and whole‐brain functional connectivity at rest: Evidence across the adult lifespan
Creators: name: Simon, Sharon Sanz
name: Varangis Burns, Eleanna Martha
name: Stern, Yaakov
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Brain--Aging
Cognition
Personality

description: Introduction: Personality is associated with cognitive, emotional, and social functioning, and can play a role in age‐related cognitive decline and dementia risk; however, little is known about the brain dynamics underlying personality characteristics, and whether they are moderated by age. Methods: We investigated the associations between personality and resting‐state functional MRI data from 365 individuals across the adult lifespan (20–80 years). Participants completed the 50‐item International Personality Item Pool and a resting‐state imaging protocol on a 3T MRI scanner. Within‐network connectivity values were computed based on predefined networks. Regression analyzes were conducted in order to investigate personality–connectivity associations, as well as moderation by age. All models controlled for potential confounders (such as age, sex, education, IQ, and the other personality traits). Results: We found that openness was positively associated with connectivity in the default‐mode network, neuroticism was negatively associated with both the ventral and dorsal attention networks, and agreeableness was negatively associated with the dorsal attention network. In addition, age moderated the association between conscientiousness and the frontoparietal network, indicating that this association become stronger in older age. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that personality is associated with brain connectivity, which may contribute to identifying personality profiles that play a role in protection against or risk for age‐related brain changes and dementia.
ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ ВЕСЕННЕ-ЛЕТНИХ ЗАСУХ В СУХИЕ И ВЛАЖНЫЕ ПЕРИОДЫ НА ЮГЕ ЕВРОПЕЙСКОЙ РОССИИ
Creators: name: ЧЕРЕНКОВА Е.А.
name: ТИТКОВА Т.Б.
name: ЗОЛОТОКРЫЛИН А.Н.
Publisher: name: Аридные экосистемы
Year: 2020
Subjects: ПЕРИОДЫ УВЛАЖНЕНИЯ
АРИДИЗАЦИЯ
ИНДЕКС АРИДНОСТИ
ЗАСУХИ
SPI
NDVI
HUMIDIFICATION PERIODS
ARIDIZATION
ARIDITY INDEX
DROUGHTS

description: Изучаются закономерности распространения характеристик весенне-летних засух в периоды повышенного и пониженного годового увлажнения в 12 административных субъектах юга Европейской России за 1901-2018 гг. За это время четыре периода различных условий увлажнения (чередующиеся более влажный, сухой, влажный и опять сухой) разной длительности хорошо прослеживаются по данным аномалий индекса аридности в 7 регионах: Курской, Белгородской, Воронежской, Саратовской, Волгоградской, Ростовской областях и Республике Калмыкия. Период иссушения отмечен в Самарской и Астраханской областях с начала ХХ века вплоть до его середины. Затем период иссушения сменился более влажным. Наиболее частая смена периодов с различными условиями увлажнения наблюдалась в Ставропольском крае, где было выделено пять чередующихся периодов. Установлено, что частота весенне-летних засух согласуется с условиями долгопериодного увлажнения. Согласно данным стандартизированного индекса осадков, в сухой период она возрастает в среднем в 1.5 раза при незначительном росте интенсивности засух. Условия повышенного увлажнения, наблюдавшиеся во всех рассмотренных административных субъектах во второй половине XX века, сменились в начале XXI века более сухими условиями. Распространение более засушливых условий началось с восточных областей. Развитие сухого периода увлажнения в XXI веке подтверждено распространением на территории отрицательного тренда вегетационного индекса NDVI. При отсутствии статистически значимых трендов аридизации за более чем вековой период во всех рассмотренных областях юга Европейской России существуют длительные внутривековые периоды усиления и ослабления аридизации, которые характеризуются существенными различиями частоты и интенсивности весенне-летних засух.
Simulation of the Dissipative Dynamics of Strongly Interacting NV Centers with Tensor Networks
Creators: name: Saiphet, Jirawat
name: Braun, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: NV centers in diamond are a promising platform for highly sensitive quantum sensors for magnetic fields and other physical quantities. The quest for high sensitivity combined with high spatial resolution leads naturally to dense ensembles of NV centers, and hence to strong, long-range interactions between them. Hence, simulating strongly interacting NVs becomes essential. However, obtaining the exact dynamics for a many-spin system is a challenging task due to the exponential scaling of the Hilbert space dimension, a problem that is exacerbated when the system is modelled as an open quantum system. In this work, we employ the Matrix Product Density Operator (MPDO) method to represent the many-body mixed state and to simulate the dynamics of an ensemble of NVs in the presence of strong long-range couplings due to dipole-dipole forces. We benchmark different time-evolution algorithms in terms of numerical accuracy and stability against time evolution based on exact numerical diagonalization. Subsequently, we simulate the dynamics in the strong interaction regime, and study the impact of decoherence on the accuracy of the MPDO method. Lastly, we investigate the dynamics of quantum Fisher information and discuss under what circumstances a strong interaction can improve sensitivity for magnetic field sensing.
description: 8 pages, 10 figures
A "Strange" Vector-Valued Quantum Modular Form
Creators: name: Rolen, Larry
name: Schneider, Robert P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Since their definition in 2010 by Zagier, quantum modular forms have been connected to numerous different topics such as strongly unimodal sequences, ranks, cranks, and asymptotics for mock theta functions near roots of unity. These are functions that are not necessarily defined on the upper half plane but a priori are defined only on a subset of $\Q$, and whose obstruction to modularity is some analytically "nice" function. Motivated by Zagier's example of the quantum modularity of Kontsevich's "strange" function $F(q)$, we revisit work of Andrews, Jimenez-Urroz, and Ono to construct a natural vector-valued quantum modular form whose components are similarly "strange".
Measurement of beam energy dependent nuclear modification factors at STAR
Creators: name: Horvat, Stephen P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nuclear modification factors R_{AA} and R_{CP} have been used to measure medium-induced suppression in heavy-ion collisions at sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200GeV which was among the earliest evidence for the existence of a strongly interacting medium called a quark-gluon plasma (QGP). Nuclear modification factors for asymmetric collisions (R_{dA}) have measured the Cronin Effect, an enhancement of high transverse momentum particle yields in deuteron-gold collisions relative to proton-proton collisions. A similar enhancement is observed in data presented in these proceedings and competes with the quenching caused by partonic energy loss in the QGP. In these proceedings we will present charged-hadron R_{CP} at mid-rapidity for sqrt{s_{NN}} = 7.7 - 62.4GeV as well as identified pi^{+}, K^{+}, and proton R_{CP}. Comparisons to HIJING motivate possible methods for disentangling competing modifications to nuclear transverse momentum spectra.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, proceedings for Hot Quarks 2012
Experimental investigation of pressure drop in helical coils
Creators: name: Clancy, A. H.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1949
Subjects: Aeronautics

description: The purpose of this study was to begin an investigation of the pressure drop in flow through helical coils.  In general, the procedure followed was to define the governing parameters and then to isolate the effect of each on the pressure drop.  The pressure drop was assumed to depend upon the length of the tube, the inside diameter of the tube, the diameter of the helix, the roughness of the inside of the tube, and Reynolds number.  Variation of the pressure drop with change in diameter of the tube was not investigated. Five different lengths of plastic tubing were tested separately on five helices of different diameters at Reynolds numbers from 3,000 to 100,000 to study the effects of length and helix diameter.  Twelve steel coils of different inside roughnesses were tested over the same Reynolds number range to obtain the effect of roughness on pressure drop.

The results of the investigation indicated that pressure drop in a helical coil is linearly dependent on length, is only slightly effected by roughness, and is a function of both Reynolds number and diameter of helix as indicated in the attached curves.  These conclusions, of course, hold only for the limited field covered by the investigation.
The excitation of rogue waves in a variable medium: an experimental study on the interaction of water waves and currents
Creators: name: Toffoli, A.
name: Waseda, T.
name: Houtani, H.
name: Kinoshita, T.
name: Collins, K.
name: Proment, D.
name: Onorato, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show experimentally that a stable wave propagating into a region characterized by an opposite current may become modulationaly unstable. Experiments have been performed in two independent wave tank facilities; both of them are equipped with a wavemaker and a pump for generating a current propagating in the opposite direction with respect to the waves. The experimental results support a recent conjecture based on a current-modified Nonlinear Schrödinger equation which establishes that rogue waves can be triggered by non-homogeneous current characterized by a negative horizontal velocity gradient.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
130 GeV gamma ray line and enhanced Higgs di-photon rate from Triplet-Singlet extended MSSM
Creators: name: Basak, Tanushree
name: Mohanty, Subhendra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an economic extension of minimal supersymmetric standard model with a SU(2) singlet and Y=0 triplet, which can explain (i) the 125 GeV Higgs boson without fine tuning, (ii) the 130 GeV $γ$-ray line seen at Fermi-LAT, (as well as a second photon line at 114 GeV)(iii) an enhanced Higgs di-photon decay rate seen by ATLAS, while being consistent with dark matter relic density and recent XENON 100 exclusion limits on spin-independent direct detection cross-section. We obtain the required cross-section of $10^{-27}cm^3s^{-1}$ for the 130 GeV $γ$-ray flux through the resonant annihilation of dark matter via pseudoscalar triplet Higgs of mass $\sim$260 GeV. The dark matter is predominantly bino-higgsino which has large couplings with photons (through higgsino) and gives correct relic density (through bino). We get the enhanced Higgs diphoton decay rate, $R_{γγ}\simeq 1.24$ dominantly contributed by the light chargino-loops, which can account for the reported excess seen in the $h\rightarrow γγ$ channel by ATLAS.
description: ref. updated, version accepted for publication in JHEP
ОЦЕНКА МЕТОДОВ РАСЧЕТА МЕСЯЧНЫХ ЗНАЧЕНИЙ ПОТЕНЦИАЛЬНОГО ИСПАРЕНИЯ В АРИДНОМ КЛИМАТЕ
Creators: name: САДЕГИ С.М.М.
name: ГРИСМЕР М.
name: КАМЕЛЬ Х.
name: ЧАИЧИ М.Р.
name: НАЗАРИ М.
Publisher: name: Аридные экосистемы
Year: 2020
Subjects: ИСПАРЕНИЕ
ИРАН
ВОДООБЕСПЕЧЕННОСТЬ
ВОДНЫЙ БАЛАНС
УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ВОДНЫМИ РЕСУРСАМИ
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
IRAN
WATER AVAILABILITY
WATER BUDGETS
WATER MANAGEMENT

description: Потенциальное испарение ( ETo ) играет ключевую роль при проектировании оросительных систем, а также в управлении водными ресурсами сельскохозяйственных экосистем при орошении и в богарных условиях. Несмотря на то, что в течение нескольких последних десятилетий было разработано много методов для оценки ETo , выбор метода существенно зависит от наличия измеренных климатических параметров. В сельскохозяйственных и экологических исследованиях для оценки ETo широко используется метод FAO-56PM, рекомендуемый экспертами Продовольственной и сельскохозяйственной организации ООН - ФАО (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations - FAO). Однако для этого требуется несколько климатических параметров, которые не всегда доступны в развивающихся странах, особенно в засушливых регионах. Используя климатические данных девяти метеорологических станций, расположенных в засушливых регионах Ирана, мы рассчитали ETo по 13 распространенным и широко используемым уравнениям и оценили их эффективность по сравнению с результатами, полученными при использовании модели FAO-56PM. В среднем, тремя лучшими методами, которые могли бы использоваться в качестве альтернативы уравнению FAO-56PM, являются уравнения Ирмака (Irmak et al., 2003), Харгривза-Самани (Hargreaves, Samani, 1985) и Харгривза (Hargreaves, 1975).
Influence of cognitive reserve in schizophrenia: A systematic review
Creators: name: Herrero, Paula
name: Contador, Israel
name: Stern, Yaakov
name: Fernández-Calvo, Bernardino
name: Sánchez, Abraham
name: Ramos, Francisco
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Systematic reviews (Medical research)
Schizophrenia
Cognition

description: Objective: To perform a systematic review of the influence of sociobehavioural indicators of cognitive reserve (CR) in the risk of schizophrenia, the clinical manifestations of the disease, and cognitive intervention programs (CRT) carried out with these patients. Method: A cross search was made by two independent reviewers in Pubmed and PsycINFO databases using keywords “schizophrenia” and “cognitive reserve.” Twenty-one studies which analyzed different CR proxies were selected and the level of evidence was classified according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. Result: People with higher CR may have a lower risk of developing schizophrenia and a later onset of disease. In addition, they present better neuropsychological and functional performance in the illness course. However, the suspected influence of CR on the effectiveness of CRT in patients with schizophrenia is currently unresolved. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that higher CR delays the clinical diagnosis threshold and severity of the symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. However, effect of singular sociobehavioral measures on clinical expression and benefits of intervention program need further investigation.
МЕДИКО-ГЕОГРАФИЧЕСКАЯ ОЦЕНКА ТЕРРИТОРИИ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОГО ПАРКА ДЛЯ ЦЕЛЕЙ ТУРИСТИЧЕСКОЙ И ПРИРОДООХРАННОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ
Creators: name: ТУПОВ С.С.
name: КОРОЛЕВА Е.Г.
name: ДИКАРЕВА Т.В.
Publisher: name: Аридные экосистемы
Year: 2020
Subjects: НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ ПАРК
ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ТУРИЗМ
ПРИРОДНООЧАГОВЫЕ ИНФЕКЦИИ
МЕДИКО-ГЕОГРАФИЧЕСКОЕ КАРТОГРАФИРОВАНИЕ
NATIONAL PARK
ECOLOGICAL TOURISM
NATURAL FOCAL INFECTIONS
MEDICAL-GEOGRAPHIC MAPPING

description: На примере Каркаралинского национального парка (НП), расположенного в Центральном Казахстане, проанализирована и оценена потенциальная опасность заболевания туристов и посетителей парка природноочаговыми инфекциями. Медико-географическая характеристика территории выполнена с помощью трех подходов: 1) оценки природных предпосылок возникновения и поддержания природных очагов инфекций, 2) картографирования существующих природных и антропургических очагов инфекций на ландшафтной основе, 3) анализа заболеваемости населения по данным медицинской статистики. В целом медико-географическая ситуация в Каркаралинском НП оценена как наиболее благоприятная среди других НП Казахстана: здесь меньше всего нозоформ, небольшое количество природных очагов и низкая заболеваемость населения. Однако опасность заболеваний существует, поскольку имеющееся в границах парка расположение скотомогильника сибирской язвы, очагов бешенства, а также наличие очагов туляремии, функционирующих в популяциях водных и околоводных грызунов, частично совпадают с популярными туристическими маршрутами на территории парка. Расположение природных очагов актуальных инфекций приурочено к ландшафтам мелкосопочника и лесных низкогорий, но имеют они как природные, так и антропогенные предпосылки.
Next-to-Leading Order W + 5-Jet Production at the LHC
Creators: name: Bern, Z.
name: Dixon, L. J.
name: Cordero, F. Febres
name: Hoeche, S.
name: Ita, H.
name: Kosower, D. A.
name: Maitre, D.
name: Ozeren, K. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present next-to-leading order QCD predictions for the total cross section and for a comprehensive set of transverse-momentum distributions in W + 5-jet production at the Large Hadron Collider. We neglect the small contributions from subleading-color virtual terms, top quarks and some terms containing four quark pairs. We also present ratios of total cross sections, and use them to obtain an extrapolation formula to an even larger number of jets. We include the decay of the $W$ boson into leptons. This is the first such computation with six final-state vector bosons or jets. We use BlackHat together with SHERPA to carry out the computation.
description: RevTex, 27 pages, 7 figures, v2 minor corrections and corrected references
Left frontal hub connectivity enhances task‐related brain network segregation and cognition in aging: Implications for reserve: Neuroimaging/Normal brain aging
Creators: name: Frontzkowski, Lukas
name: Franzmeier, Nicolai
name: Neitzel, Julia
name: Luan, Ying
name: Habeck, Christian G.
name: Stern, Yaakov
name: Ewers, Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Cognition
Brain--Aging

description: Background: Global connectivity of the left frontal cortex (LFC), a hub of the cognitive control network, is associated with higher fluid intelligence and relatively preserved cognition despite age‐ and Alzheimer’s disease (AD)‐related brain changes, rendering LFC‐connectivity a candidate substrate of reserve (Franzmeier et al. Brain 2018). Yet, the mechanisms by which LFC‐connectivity supports cognition at the functional network level remain unclear. Functional network‐segregation within the brain guards against diffuse network organization and is a fundamental brain property central to efficient cognitive processes. Given that the control network, and in particular the LFC, is thought to orchestrate activity of other functional networks (Cole, Nat Neurosci, 2013), we hypothesized that the association between LFC‐connectivity and higher cognitive abilities such as executive function is mediated via enhanced network‐segregation. Methods: We applied 3 fMRI‐tasks per cognitive domain (i.e. fluid‐reasoning, memory, speed, vocabulary) in 255 non‐demented participants from the RANN study. We determined atlas‐based (Fig.1) whole‐brain functional connectivity during task‐fMRI using psycho‐physiological‐interaction analyses. Global LFC‐connectivity was assessed as mean task‐related LFC‐connectivity to the remaining ROIs. Network‐segregation was assessed as the difference of within‐network and between‐network connectivity normalized to within‐network connectivity (Chan et al., PNAS, 2014). For the three tasks per cognitive domain, we determined domain‐specific performance, LFC‐connectivity and network segregation scores via principal‐component analysis. Using linear regression and mediation analysis, we tested for each cognitive domain whether 1) higher LFC‐connectivity was associated with better cognition 2) and subsequently whether this association was mediated by network‐segregation. Results: Higher task‐related LFC‐connectivity was associated with better performance in fluid‐reasoning (β=0.178, p=0.003,Fig.2A) but not in other cognitive domains (p>0.05). Higher LFC‐connectivity during fluid‐reasoning tasks was associated with network‐segregation (β=0.308, p<0.001, Fig.2B), which was associated with fluid‐reasoning performance (β=0.352, p<0.001, Fig.2C). In mediation analyses, we found that LFC‐connectivity effects on fluid‐reasoning performance were mediated by network‐segregation (bootstrapped mediation effect: β=0.0981,95%CI[0.0481;0.16], p<0.001). Conclusions: LFC‐connectivity supports higher fluid reasoning performance in normal aging via enhanced brain network segregation, suggesting a potential mechanism by which LFC‐connectivity supports reserve in AD.
CMB spectral distortions from small-scale isocurvature fluctuations
Creators: name: Chluba, Jens
name: Grin, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The damping of primordial perturbations at small scales gives rise to distortions of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Here, the dependence of the distortion on the different types of cosmological initial conditions is explored, covering adiabatic, baryon/cold dark matter isocurvature, neutrino density/velocity isocurvature modes and some mixtures. The radiation transfer functions for each mode are determined and then used to compute the dissipative heating rates and spectral distortion signatures, utilizing both analytic estimates and numerical results from the thermalization code CosmoTherm. Along the way, the early-time super-horizon behavior for the resulting fluid modes is derived in conformal Newtonian gauge, and tight-coupling transfer function approximations are given. CMB spectral distortions caused by different perturbation modes can be estimated using simple k-space window functions which are provided here. Neutrinos carry away some fraction of the primordial perturbation power, introducing an overall efficiency factor that depends on the perturbation type. It is shown that future measurements of the CMB frequency spectrum have the potential to probe different perturbation modes at very small scales (corresponding to wavenumbers 1 Mpc^{-1} < k < few x 10^4 Mpc^{-1}). These constraints are complementary to those obtained at large scales and hence provide an exciting new window to early-universe physics.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures, minor changes, accepted version
Analysis of a Co-Flow Mixer in Preparation of Combustor-Turbine Matching in a Rotating Detonation Engine
Creators: name: G. Uhl
name: N. Odier
name: J. Dombard
name: S. Zurbach
name: T. Poinsot
name: M. Bellenoue
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Pressure Gain Combustion, Rotating Detonation Combustor, LES,

description: Climate change and consequent emission constraints, paired with an expected increase in air passengers and global energy demand in the next decades, require the development and operation of high-efficiency, low-emission turbomachines in both the energy and aviation sectors. However, over the last decades, gas turbine technology has advanced to a very mature level by optimizing component performance, and it is expected that further improvement would only marginally increase the overall gas turbine efficiency. To this end, Pressure Gain Combustion (PGC) devices that incorporate an alternative thermodynamic cycle have been under investigation. A notable example is the Rotating Detonation Combustor (RDC), where one or several detonation waves are circulating around a typically annular combustion chamber. A particular characteristic of RDCs is their high-frequency, high-temperature, high-speed exhaust flow that may have a detrimental effect on combustor-turbine coupling in a turbomachinery application. In an effort to temper this phenomenon, a co-flow mixer is investigated using 1D analytical modeling and a Large-Eddy Simulation (LES). The component entrains subsonic secondary air, aiming at an energy transfer from exhaust to entrained flow.
Redefining the Perception-Action Interface: Visual Action Representations for Contact-Centric Manipulation
Creators: name: Weng, Thomas
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Computer Vision
Adaptive Agents and Intelligent Robotics

description: In robotics, understanding the link between perception and action is pivotal. Typically, perception systems process sensory data into state representations such as segmentations and bounding boxes, which a planner uses to plan actions. However, a state estimation approach can fail in environments with partial observability, and in cases with challenging object properties like transparency and deformability. Alternatively, visuomotor policies directly convert raw sensor input into actions, but they produce actions that are not grounded in contact, and perform poorly in unseen task configurations. To address these shortcomings, we delve into visual action representations, a class of approaches in which the perception system conveys information about potential actions in the environment. Visual action representations do not require full state estimation, and they ground interactions in an object- and contact-centric manner, reasoning about where to make contact with an object, how to approach contact locations, and how to manipulate the object once contact is made. Reformulating the role of perception to include action reasoning simplifies downstream planning. This thesis presents visual action representations for addressing visual and geometric challenges in manipulation. For grasping rigid objects, we devise a transfer learning method for transparent and specular objects (RA-L+ICRA ’20) and introduce Neural Grasp Distance Fields for 6-DOF grasping and motion planning (ICRA ’23). We introduce algorithms for cloth manipulation, starting with determining precise grasping points for edges and corners of cloth (IROS ’20). We incorporate tactile sensing into a contact-rich policy for precisely manipulating layers of cloth (IROS ’22). In subsequent work, we propose FabricFlowNet, a policy that predicts both where to grasp and how to fold for bimanual cloth folding (CoRL ’21).
Validation of composite proxy measures of cognitive reserve: What can longitudinal cohorts tell us about the association between modifiable dementia risk factors and the ageing
Creators: name: Boyle, Rory
name: Scarlett, Siobhan
name: Knight, Silvin P.
name: Looze, Celine
name: Stern, Yaakov
name: Robertson, Ian H.
name: Anne, Kenny Rose
name: Whelan, Robert
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Cognition
Brain--Aging

description: Background: Cognitive reserve (CR) enables individuals to maintain cognitive function despite the presence of brain pathology or atrophy [1]. CR is typically measured via proxy variables that reflect exposure to lifetime experiences, such as education [2]. Composite measures of multiple proxies combine contributions from several experiences and display consistent positive relationships with cognitive function [3]. However, the optimal set of proxies for inclusion in composite measures remains to be determined [2]. Here, we aimed to identify a combination of proxies that best reflects the ability to maintain cognitive function despite cortical thinning. Method: As part of a larger analysis, 277 healthy adult participants provided data for this study (mean age = 69.18, SD age = 6.66, 141 females). Global cognition was defined as average of z‐scores from the Animal Naming task, Colour Trails Test 1 and 2, Immediate and Delayed Recall. Mean cortical thickness was calculated using FreeSurfer using a previously reported method [4]. CR proxies were: educational attainment, occupational complexity, premorbid intelligence, social engagement, cognitively stimulating activity, leisure activity, and physical activity. For each composite, a three‐step hierarchical‐multiple regression was performed to predict global cognition. Independent variables in Step 1 were age, gender, cortical thickness, CR composite was added in Step 2, and an interaction term (cortical thickness*composite) was further added in Step 3. Positive associations between CR composites and global cognition – independent of age, gender and cortical thickness – were ranked on significant R‐squared change values from Step 1 to Step 2. Moderation effects were identified by significant R‐squared change values from Step 2 to Step 3. Result: Most CR composites had positive associations with global cognition, independent of age, gender, and cortical thickness (see Figure 1). A CR composite measuring cognitively stimulating activity, leisure activity, and physical activity had the biggest negative moderation effect (R2 change = 0.013, p = 0.0276) on the cortical thickness‐global cognition relationship. Conclusion: A composite measure of cognitively stimulating‐, leisure‐, and physical‐activity, displays construct validity as a measure of CR in addition to a wide range of composites which display positive, independent, associations with cognitive function.
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПАРАМЕТРОВ СОЛЕПЕРЕНОСА В ПРОГНОЗНЫХ РЕШЕНИЯХ
Creators: name: БЕЛОУСОВА А.П.
Publisher: name: Аридные экосистемы
Year: 2020
Subjects: СОЛЕПЕРЕНОС
МОДЕЛИ СОЛЕПЕРЕНОСА
ДОСТОВЕРНОСТЬ ПАРАМЕТРОВ
СТАТИСТИЧЕСКИЕ ЗАВИСИМОСТИ
ЛИНЕЙНО - НЕЛИНЕЙНЫЕ УРАВНЕНИЯ И ЗАВИСИМОСТИ
SALT TRANSFER
SALT TRANSFER MODELS
RELIABILITY OF PARAMETERS
STATISTICAL DEPENDENCIES
LINEAR - NON-LINEAR EQUATIONS AND DEPENDENCIES

description: В статье рассмотрены способы оценки достоверности параметров солепереноса, рассчитанных ранее по моделям микродисперсии, макродисперсии и растворения солей, с целью дальнейшего их использования в прогнозных оценках развития процессов солепереноса на оросительных системах. Оценка включала статистические методы с использованием критериев Фишера и Стьюдента с последующим определением систематической ошибки. Установлены наиболее адекватные модели для объектов восточного Предкавказья и Саратовского Заволжья. Для использования параметров солепереноса в прогнозных оценках на основе линейных и нелинейных статистических зависимостей их от литологического строения зоны аэрации и ее фильтрационных свойств получены соответствующие многомерные статистические уравнения.
Alkali-metal vibrations in bcc, fcc, hcp, and 9R structures: Implications for the energetics of Li and Na martensitic phases
Creators: name: Riffe, D. M.
name: Christensen, Jake D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an embedded-atom-method (EAM) model that is specifically designed to accurately describe vibrations in bcc alkali metals. Using this model, we study bulk vibrational structure of Li, Na, K, and Rb when configured in bcc and the closed-packed (cp) fcc, hcp, and 9$R$ phases. From the vibrational density of states for each phase we thence find the corresponding vibrational contribution $A_{\rm vib}(T)$ to the Helmholtz free energy $A(T)$. Utilizing (i) differences in $A_{\rm vib}(T)$ between the bcc and cp structures and (ii) experimentally inferred thermodynamic transition temperatures for Li and Na (which martensitically transform from bcc to cp phases upon cooling), we extract values for zero-temperature energy differences between the bcc and relevant cp phases. We also put constraints on zero-temperature cp-bcc energy differences for K and Rb, which do not exhibit temperature induced transitions.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures
Environmental impact and resilience of the ATM system: New methodologies and tools
Creators: name: A. Riccio
name: D. Di Luccio
name: A. Nanni
name: G. Tinarelli
name: S. Finardi
name: C. Pozzi
name: G. Calori
name: V. Di Vito
name: G. Cerasuolo
name: R. V. Montaquila
name: A. Errico
name: E. Bucchignani
name: M. Montesarchio
name: L. Zollo
name: D. Cinquegrana
name: M. Sofiev
name: R. Hänninen
name: M. Ciaburri
name: G. Duca
name: R. Russo
name: N. Van Den Dungen
name: K. Sutopo
name: X. Prats
name: M. Melgosa
name: J. De Homdedeu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Weather phenomena are one of the biggest causes for significant delays and unpredictable disruptions within air traffic management (ATM) network operations. The changing global climate increases the future severity and frequency of these air traffic disturbing weather phenomena. This deteriorates the predictability of 4D trajectory ATM network planning and potentially increases the delays within air traffic operations. Furthermore, aviation itself has a responsibility to mitigate its climate impact, improve the long-term sustainability of the ATM operations and contribute to the global effort towards the reduction of anthropogenic climate change. The SESAR2020 Exploratory Research project CREATE developed a new Concept of Operations (ConOps) aiming to tackle this problem, proposing an integrated trajectory optimisation framework to tactically define environmentally-scored optimised 4D trajectories, for a multi-aircraft airspace configuration, using advanced numerical weather prediction models, combined with air traffic control (ATC) driven demand-capacity balancing methods. The optimised trajectories aim to evade thunderstorms and contrail formation regions, whilst minimising CO2, non-CO2 and local air quality impacts.
title: Results of the National Residue Control Plan and Import Control Plan for 2015: BfR Opinion No 010/2019 of 5 April 2019
Creators: name: Bundesinstitut Für Risikobewertung
Publisher: name: Bundesbehörden und Einrichtungen im Geschäftsbereich des Bundesministeriums für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft (BMEL)
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 000

description: BfR-Stellungnahmen, vol. 2019, no. 010
Global cognitive performance is not influenced by diurnal rhythm: Psychosocial factors and environmental design/Environmental design and technology
Creators: name: De Jager, Celine H.
name: Varangis Burns, Eleanna Martha
name: Stern, Yaakov
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Cognition
Circadian rhythms
Aging

description: Background: There are conflicting reports on the extent to which cognitive performance varies over the course of the day and whether such effects change with advancing age. Method: We used data collected in two longitudinal studies of cognitive reserve: Cognitive Reserve & Reference Ability Neural Network. We reviewed study documents and extracted the time of the day during which an individual’s cognitive battery. Of 543 subjects with available cross‐sectional data, 281 were tested in the AM and 242 in the PM. Mean age was 55 yo. 178 subjects were <50 yo. Multivariate models were used to evaluate the data. Result: We found expected effects of age on cognitive performance, but we found no evidence supporting a difference in either global cognitive performance or of performance in one of the four tested domains in relation to time of day. Further, we saw no evidence for an interaction by age: age did not influence performance differences relative to time of day. Conclusion: We have analyzed a large dataset of prospectively collected data in which we see no evidence that time of day influences results of cognitive testing. This analysis settles an important issue that could have implications on study design when subjects select study visits that are convenient for their schedule.