cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Significant Problem With Using the Amati Relation for Cosmological Purposes
Creators: name: Collazzi, Andrew C.
name: Schaefer, Bradley E.
name: Goldstein, Adam
name: Preece, Robert D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the distribution of many samples of Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) when plotted in a diagram with their bolometric fluence (Sbolo) versus the observed photon energy of peak spectral flux (Epeak,obs). In this diagram, bursts that obey the Amati relation must lie above some limiting line, although observational scatter is expected to be substantial. We confirm that early bursts with spectroscopic redshifts are consistent with this limit. But, we find that the bursts from BATSE, Swift, Suzaku, and Konus are all greatly in violation of the limit. In the Sbolo-Epeak,obs diagram, we find that every satellite has a greatly different distribution. This requires that selection effects are dominating these distributions, which we identify. For detector selections, the trigger threshold and the threshold to measure Epeak,obs combine to make a diagonal cutoff with the position of this cutoff varying greatly detector to detector. For selection effects due to the intrinsic properties of the burst population, the distribution of Epeak,obs makes for bursts with low and high values to be rare, while the fluence distribution makes bright bursts uncommon. For a poor threshold, the combination of selection effects serves to allow only bursts within a region along the limit to be measured; these bursts will then appear to follow an Amati relation. Therefore, the Amati relation is an artifact of selection effects within the burst population and the detector. Therefore, the Amati relation should not be used for cosmological tasks. This failure is in no way prejudicial against the other luminosity relations.
description: 39 pages, 14 figures, 1 table, ApJ Accepted
Empirical studies in opioid dependence
Creators: name: Nosyk, Bohdan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Background: Opioid dependence is a chronic disease characterized by periods of relapse and remission. Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) can be effective, though not all patients can be successfully maintained in treatment. Further, treatment entrants often use multiple illicit drugs, a fact whose motive and effect are under-studied. Rigorous evaluation at the aggregate- and patient-level is required to maximize the public health benefits of substance abuse treatment. Objectives: (1) identify the determinants of the time to discontinuation of MMT across multiple treatment episodes; (2) determine the effect of price on drug consumption among polydrug users; (3) identify trends in compliance to MMT dosing guidelines in British Columbia, Canada from 1996-2007; (4) provide a comparative analysis of the psychometric properties of eight measures of health status for opioid users; (5) evaluate differences in trajectories of health status among opioid users following treatment enrolment. Methods: We draw upon longitudinal data collected in administrative databases (study 1 and 3), experimental (study 4 and 5) and observational cohort studies (study 2) to shed light on the life course of treatment and relapse that opioid addicts experience, their decisions to consume addictive substances, and treatment evaluation at the aggregate- and patient-levels. Results: This collection of studies found (1) patients experiencing multiple treatment episodes tended to stay in treatment for progressively longer periods in later episodes; (2) While heroin and crack cocaine were price inelastic polydrug users treated crack cocaine as a substitute for heroin. In terms of treatment evaluation at the aggregate-level, compliance to minimally effective dose guidelines, along with 12-month retention figures have fallen in the past 5 years in British Columbia (study 3). At the patient-level each of the health status measures assessed in the North American Opiate Medication Initiative (NAOMI) trial showed limitations (study 4), however health status can be meaningfully improved through effective, patient-centered opioid substitution treatment (study 5). Conclusions: The results of these novel empirical studies suggest that while MMT can be an effective treatment option for opioid dependence, the individual and program-related factors that limit its effectiveness must be addressed to maximize the public health impact of this treatment.
Opportunistic Wireless Localization System (OWLS) based on SLAM
Creators: name: Moazen Chaharsoughi, Neda
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Engineering--Electronics and Electrical
subject: Robotics
subject: Simultanous Localization and Mapping
subject: Estimation theory
subject: Bayesian filtering
subject: Fisher Information
subject: Signal of opportunity
subject: Kalman Filter
subject: Particle filter
subject: Positioning

description: Widely accessible GPS fails in indoor environments and dense urban areas due to low SNR, multipath propagation, and LOS blockage. Taking advantage of signals of opportunity from locally generated wireless networks such as WiFi, WLAN, or 4G LTE is considered as a solution to ameliorate this issue. However, the mobile receiver must deal with reception of a multitude of disparate signals with unknown and random parameters. A systematic simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM)-based approach is proposed to incorporate all information regarding the large number of source and channel unknown parameters along with the mobile node (MN) location. The Bayesian Fisher information matrix (BFIM) is derived as a central key to the SLAM-based opportunistic wireless localization system (OWLS) that unifies all information from observables, the MN trajectory, and a priori knowledge in one single matrix. The BFIM illustrates that observability of a SLAM-based OWLS is achieved under the assumptions of stationary ANs and the MN smooth trajectory. Two Bayesian solutions based on the particle filter (PF) and the extended Kalman filter (EKF) are presented for opportunistic wireless localization to track MN locations and to incrementally build the map of the environment while simultaneously using this map to update the MN location(s). It is shown that the range offset due to line-of-sight blockage and MN clock drift leads to a large localization and mapping error. To enhance the tracking performance in non-stationary line-of-sight/non-line-of-sight (LOS/NLOS) propagation, the OWLS is modeled as a jump Markov nonlinear process where the source sight state is the jumping feature that derives the system dynamics in LOS or NLOS conditions. To jointly track the discrete state of sight condition along with other continuous location variables, local maximum likelihood and interacting multiple model estimators are fused with the previously developed PF-based and EKF-based solutions. A comprehensive performance analysis is carried out for the proposed OWLS and its solutions by exploiting theoretical bounds of error obtained from the BFIM, as a benchmark to assess the simulation results. It is shown that jump Markov Bayesian solutions for the SLAM-based OWLS mitigate both the clock drift and NLOS effects.
Additional file 1 of Administration of hydro-alcoholic extract of spinach improves oxidative stress and inflammation in high-fat diet-induced NAFLD rats
Creators: name: Amirinejad, Ali
name: Totmaj, Ali Saneei
name: Mardali, Farzaneh
name: Hekmatdoost, Azita
name: Emamat, Hadi
name: Safa, Majid
name: Shidfar, Farzad
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1.
Hybrid FPMS: A New Fairness Protocol Management Scheme for Community Wireless Mesh Networks
Creators: name: Widanapathirana, Chathuranga
name: Sekercioglu, Y. Ahmet
name: Goi, Bok-Min
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Node cooperation during packet forwarding operations is critically important for fair resource utilization in Community Wireless Mesh Networks (CoWMNs). In a CoWMN, node cooperation is achieved by using fairness protocols specifically designed to detect and isolate malicious nodes, discourage unfair behavior, and encourage node participation in forwarding packets. In general, these protocols can be split into two groups: Incentive-based ones, which are managed centrally, and use credit allocation schemes. In contrast, reputation-based protocols that are decentralized, and rely on information exchange among neighboring nodes. Centrally managed protocols inevitably suffer from scalability problems. The decentralized, reputation-based protocols lacks in detection capability, suffer from false detections and error propagation compared to the centralized, incentive-based protocols. In this study, we present a new fairness protocol management scheme, called Hybrid FPMS that captures the superior detection capability of incentive-based fairness protocols without the scalability problems inherently expected from a centralized management scheme as a network's size and density grows. Simulation results show that Hybrid FPMS is more efficient than the current centralized approach and significantly reduces the network delays and overhead.
description: KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems, 2011
Young Radio Pulsars in Galactic Globular Clusters
Creators: name: Boyles, Jason
name: Lorimer, Duncan R.
name: Turk, Phil J.
name: Mnatsakanov, Robert
name: Lynch, Ryan S.
name: Ransom, Scott M.
name: Freire, Paulo C.
name: Belczynski, Khris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Currently three isolated radio pulsars and one binary radio pulsar with no evidence of any previous recycling are known in 97 surveyed Galactic globular clusters. As pointed out by Lyne et al., the presence of these pulsars cannot be explained by core-collapse supernovae, as is commonly assumed for their counterparts in the Galactic disk. We apply a Bayesian analysis to the results from surveys for radio pulsars in globular clusters and find the number of potentially observable non-recycled radio pulsars present in all clusters to be < 3600. Accounting for beaming and retention considerations, the implied birth rate for any formation scenario for all 97 clusters is < 0.25 pulsars per century assuming a Maxwellian distribution of velocities with a dispersion of 10 km s^{-1}. The implied birth rates for higher velocity dispersions are substantially higher than inferred for such pulsars in the Galactic disk. This suggests that the velocity dispersion of young pulsars in globular clusters is significantly lower than those of disk pulsars. These numbers may be substantial overestimates due to the fact that the currently known sample of young pulsars is observed only in metal-rich clusters. We propose that young pulsars may only be formed in globular clusters with metallicities with log[Fe/H] > -0.6. In this case, the potentially observable population of such young pulsars is 447^{+1420}_{-399} (the error bars give the 95% confidence interval) and their birth rate is 0.012^{+0.037}_{-0.010} pulsars per century. The mostly likely creation scenario to explain these pulsars is the electron capture supernova of a OMgNe white dwarf.
description: 13 Pages, 6 Figures, 4 Tables, to appear in ApJ
Additional file 2 of Administration of hydro-alcoholic extract of spinach improves oxidative stress and inflammation in high-fat diet-induced NAFLD rats
Creators: name: Amirinejad, Ali
name: Totmaj, Ali Saneei
name: Mardali, Farzaneh
name: Hekmatdoost, Azita
name: Emamat, Hadi
name: Safa, Majid
name: Shidfar, Farzad
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2.
Indoor Navigation based on Fiducial Markers of Opportunity
Creators: name: Lakhani, Mazhar Ali
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Computer Science
subject: Engineering--Electronics and Electrical
subject: Robotics
subject: Indoor Navigation
subject: Computer Vision
subject: Markers

description: Indoor navigation has gained significant importance in the last decade due to its applications in the location based services industry. The outdoor navigation technology of GNSS by itself does not offer good solutions due to presence of multipath and low SNR in indoor environments. Complimentary sensors like IMU, magnetometers, cameras, etc., have their own set of problems. A camera however, provides a wealth of information for position estimation. The main aim of this thesis is to analyse camera based navigation systems using stationary figures of opportunity. Unlike traditional navigation systems that utilise coded markers, this thesis performs navigation based on planar stationary figures that are inherently present in the environment, hence the more structure the more information. The novelty of this thesis lies in its usage of Hough transforms to do the same. Initial experimental results demonstrate that an average webcam quality camera provides enough information to extract reasonably good navigation coordinates under specific conditions.
The Influence of Externally Applied Vibration and Compression on Muscular Performance and Recovery
Creators: name: Friesenbichler, Bernd Manfred
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Vibration, Compression, Muscle

description: The impact between heel and ground during walking and running generates a shock wave that travels through the body and induces vibrations to the skeleton and soft tissues. Such vibrations may also be generated by devices such as vibrating tools or whole-body vibration platforms. The implications of vibrations on soft tissues have been studied for many decades, and the effects of vibrations range from induced damage to nerves, muscles and vascular tissue to positive effects such as reduced lower back pain, improved muscular performance and increased bone mechanical properties. The effects of soft tissue vibrations on muscle performance during naturally occurring and artificially induced vibrations are, however, poorly understood. This is indicated by the ongoing debate about the role of soft tissue vibrations during running and the missing guidelines for safe and effective whole-body vibration training. This thesis, therefore, aimed to quantify vibration characteristics during running and whole-body vibration training. In addition, the effects of vibrations on maximal elbow extension torque and the effect of vibration damping by means of compression apparel and the resulting effects on running economy were tested. The results showed that (a) vibrations become more intense and potentially longer during prolonged running, (b) elbow extension torque was reduced during vibration exposure, (c) the local, muscular, oxidative metabolic demand increased with increasing vibration frequency on a vibration platform, (d) the accelerations on soft tissues during vibration training exceeded levels related to tissue injury for short periods of time, and (e) compression apparel did not improve running speeds at the aerobic or anaerobic thresholds and did not improve blood lactate recovery times. Vibrations were shown to affect muscle metabolism and motor performance, while compression apparel may not contribute to running performance. However, small changes in vibration application site, vibration amplitude and frequency, and changes in body position have a large impact on the observed effects and future research is needed to exploit the great potential of safe vibrations and vibration treatment.
The AstraLux Large M-dwarf Multiplicity Survey
Creators: name: Janson, Markus
name: Hormuth, Felix
name: Bergfors, Carolina
name: Brandner, Wolfgang
name: Hippler, Stefan
name: Daemgen, Sebastian
name: Kudryavtseva, Natalia
name: Schmalzl, Eva
name: Schnupp, Carolin
name: Henning, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of an extensive high-resolution imaging survey of M-dwarf multiplicity using the Lucky Imaging technique. The survey made use of the AstraLux Norte camera at the Calar Alto 2.2m telescope and the AstraLux Sur camera at the ESO New Technology Telescope in order to cover nearly the full sky. In total, 761 stars were observed (701 M-type and 60 late K-type), among which 182 new and 37 previously known companions were detected in 205 systems. Most of the targets have been observed during two or more epochs, and could be confirmed as physical companions through common proper motion, often with orbital motion being confirmed in addition. After accounting for various bias effects, we find a total M-dwarf multiplicity fraction of 27+/-3% within the AstraLux detection range of 0.08-6" (semi-major axes of ~3-227 AU at a median distance of 30 pc). We examine various statistical multiplicity properties within the sample, such as the trend of multiplicity fraction with stellar mass and the semi-major axis distribution. The results indicate that M-dwarfs are largely consistent with constituting an intermediate step in a continuous distribution from higher-mass stars down to brown dwarfs. Along with other observational results in the literature, this provides further indications that stars and brown dwarfs may share a common formation mechanism, rather than being distinct populations.
description: 68 pages, 6 figures, 5 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ
Additional file 1 of Does quality matter in determining child care prices? Evidence from private child care provision in Turkey
Creators: name: Pekkurnaz, Didem
name: Aran, Meltem A.
name: Aktakke, Nazli
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Bartlett and KMO test results.
Yoga for Pediatric Cancer Out-Patients
Creators: name: Wurz, Amanda
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Psychology--Behavioral
subject: yoga
subject: Pediatric
subject: Childhood
subject: Oncology
subject: cancer
subject: psychosocial
subject: Physical
subject: Quality of Life

description: The aggressive treatments necessary for survival in pediatric oncology are associated with adverse psychosocial and physical side effects. Physical activity (PA) has been shown to be a safe and effective strategy to positively impact the sequelae of cancer and its treatments. Although there are many types of PA, yoga is increasingly being recognized as a beneficial component of care. The objectives of this 12-week theory-based yoga intervention were to: (i) determine the feasibility and impact on health-related quality of life (HRQL); (ii) explore the potential benefits on fatigue, select fitness indices and PA behaviour; and, (iii) determine the influence on theory of planned behaviour (TPB) factors in a mixed-cancer sample of pediatric out-patients. The results provide preliminary support for the feasibility and efficacy of yoga, as well as support the utility of the TPB as framework to build and evaluate interventions for pediatric cancer out-patients.
Dark solitons in ferromagnetic chains with first- and second-neighbor interactions
Creators: name: Primatarowa, M. T.
name: Kamburova, R. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the ferromagnetic spin chain with both first- and second-neighbor interactions. We obtained the condition for the appearance and stability of bright and dark solitons for arbitrary wave number inside the Brillouin zone. The influence of the second-neighbor interaction and the anisotropy on the soliton properties is considered. The scattering of dark solitons from point defects in the discrete spin chain is investigated numerically.
description: 7 pages,5 figures
Affordances and recontextualizations : a multiple-case study of young children's engagement in information literacy practices in school and out-of-school contexts
Creators: name: McTavish, Marianne Emily
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Students’ future worlds will require the use of conventional print literacies and new multiliteracies in order to access and construct information that requires print, electronic and face-to face interactions within private and public economic sectors, and within local and global corporate worlds (Luke, 1998). Research has called for a new understanding of literacy and literacy teaching and learning to account for the context of our culturally and linguistically diverse and increasingly globalized societies, and to account for the burgeoning variety of text forms associated with information and multimedia technologies (Lankshear & Knobel, 2003a). Drawing on a sociocultural theory of literacy learning situated in particular contexts, this qualitative multiple-case study examines the school and out-of-school contexts of four second-grade children. It focuses on the ways in which these contexts afforded and constrained opportunities for the children to engage in, appropriate, and recontextualize information literacy (IL) practices. Findings show that despite similar constraining factors in both contexts (i.e., press of time, perceived needs, access to informational texts, and disruptions and interruptions), the out-of-school contexts offered the children greater and more diverse opportunities for engagement than did the school context. Further, findings show that the children’s school IL practices crossed to out-of-school contexts where the children embedded and changed them in flexible, playful, and contemporary ways that enhanced their IL development. Although the children tried to transfer the practices and genres back in the classroom, these attempts were largely ignored unless they fit with the practices upheld by the school. The study offers new knowledge of how school literacy may impact some children’s out-of-school literacies. It provides implications for teachers, parents and curriculum writers in conceiving IL as social practice and in recognizing the role of out-of-school contexts as spaces to construct meaning. It also suggests that attempts to bring the literacy practices from children’s out-of-school lives to the school context for purposes of literacy instruction may be misguided; rather, it may be more realistic to concentrate efforts on supporting those out-of-school contexts that enable children to recontextualize school practices for a wider and more global use.
GVFs in the Real World: Making Predictions Online for Water Treatment
Creators: name: Janjua, Muhammad Kamran
name: Shah, Haseeb
name: White, Martha
name: Miahi, Erfan
name: Machado, Marlos C.
name: White, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper we investigate the use of reinforcement-learning based prediction approaches for a real drinking-water treatment plant. Developing such a prediction system is a critical step on the path to optimizing and automating water treatment. Before that, there are many questions to answer about the predictability of the data, suitable neural network architectures, how to overcome partial observability and more. We first describe this dataset, and highlight challenges with seasonality, nonstationarity, partial observability, and heterogeneity across sensors and operation modes of the plant. We then describe General Value Function (GVF) predictions -- discounted cumulative sums of observations -- and highlight why they might be preferable to classical n-step predictions common in time series prediction. We discuss how to use offline data to appropriately pre-train our temporal difference learning (TD) agents that learn these GVF predictions, including how to select hyperparameters for online fine-tuning in deployment. We find that the TD-prediction agent obtains an overall lower normalized mean-squared error than the n-step prediction agent. Finally, we show the importance of learning in deployment, by comparing a TD agent trained purely offline with no online updating to a TD agent that learns online. This final result is one of the first to motivate the importance of adapting predictions in real-time, for non-stationary high-volume systems in the real world.
description: Published in Machine Learning (2023)
Interference-Constrained Scheduling of a Cognitive Multi-hop Underwater Acoustic Network
Creators: name: Peng, Chen
name: Mitra, Urbashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper investigates optimal scheduling for a cognitive multi-hop underwater acoustic network with a primary user interference constraint. The network consists of primary and secondary users, with multi-hop transmission adopted for both user types to provide reliable communications. Critical characteristics of underwater acoustic channels, including significant propagation delay, distance-and-frequency dependent attenuation, half-duplex modem, and inter-hop interference, are taken into account in the design and analysis. In particular, time-slot allocation is found to be more effective than frequency-slot allocation due to the underwater channel model. The goal of the network scheduling problem is to maximize the end-to-end throughput of the overall system while limiting the throughput loss of primary users. Both centralized and decentralized approaches are considered. Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDP) framework is applied to formulate the optimization problem, and an optimal dynamic programming algorithm is derived. However, the optimal dynamic programming solution is computationally intractable. Key properties are shown for the objective function, enabling the design of approximate schemes with significant complexity reduction. Numerical results show that the proposed schemes significantly increase system throughput while maintaining the primary throughput loss constraint. Under certain traffic conditions, the throughput gain over frequency-slot allocation schemes can be as high as 50%.
PSYC 525 Research Project
Creators: name: Shopmyer, Emlyn
name: Eric Youngstrom, Ph.D.
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: College Students
subject: Big Five Inventory
subject: BDD
subject: Body Dysmorphia

description: Exploring The “Big Five” Personality Traits and Body Dysmorphia in College Students
Additional file 2 of Does quality matter in determining child care prices? Evidence from private child care provision in Turkey
Creators: name: Pekkurnaz, Didem
name: Aran, Meltem A.
name: Aktakke, Nazli
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2: Table S2. Explanations for the individual quality attributes.
Argumentative writing as a tool to develop conceptual and epistemic knowledge in a college chemistry course designed for non-science majors
Creators: name: Ying-Chih Chen
name: Aguirre-Mendez, Claudia
name: Terada, Takeshi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: This study used a quasi-experimental design to examine the effects of argumentative writing on non-science majors’ conceptual understanding and the growth of their writing skills over a semester. To assess gain in conceptual knowledge, tests were given before and after the course; students in the writing group gained significantly more than students in the control group. Results showed that argumentative writing was a predictor of student performance on such tests. Those starting the course with a low level of content knowledge and female students benefited the most from the writing exercises. Regression analysis suggested that four components of writing were predictive of student conceptual performance: the relationship between claim and question, the relationship between claim and evidence, use of multiple examples, and the match between writing type desired and actual writing. Longitudinal growth analysis indicated that the quality of student writing, and thus their understanding of scientific practice, increased modestly over time. Repeated framing of expectations using content-related examples about what constitutes good argumentative writing is an important factor in the improvement of student writing. Pedagogically, instructors planning to implement argumentative writing for conceptual and epistemic development should consider these four components as a pedagogical model.
Searches for New Physics: Les Houches Recommendations for the Presentation of LHC Results
Creators: name: Kraml, S.
name: Allanach, B. C.
name: Mangano, M.
name: Prosper, H. B.
name: Sekmen, S.
name: Balazs, C.
name: Barr, A.
name: Bechtle, P.
name: Belanger, G.
name: Belyaev, A.
name: Benslama, K.
name: Campanelli, M.
name: Cranmer, K.
name: De Roeck, A.
name: Dolan, M. J.
name: Eifert, T.
name: Ellis, J. R.
name: Felcini, M.
name: Fuks, B.
name: Guadagnoli, D.
name: Gunion, J. F.
name: Heinemeyer, S.
name: Hewett, J.
name: Ismail, A.
name: Kadastik, M.
name: Kramer, M.
name: Lykken, J.
name: Mahmoudi, F.
name: Martin, S. P.
name: Rizzo, T.
name: Robens, T.
name: Tytgat, M.
name: Weiler, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a set of recommendations for the presentation of LHC results on searches for new physics, which are aimed at providing a more efficient flow of scientific information between the experimental collaborations and the rest of the high energy physics community, and at facilitating the interpretation of the results in a wide class of models. Implementing these recommendations would aid the full exploitation of the physics potential of the LHC.
description: 17 pages, no figures; v2: author added
Additional file 3 of Does quality matter in determining child care prices? Evidence from private child care provision in Turkey
Creators: name: Pekkurnaz, Didem
name: Aran, Meltem A.
name: Aktakke, Nazli
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3: Table S3. Summary statistics for the individual quality items.
CREATIVITY AND ADHD
Creators: name: Noonan, Mia
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023

description: Variables - Cgender - gender, Adh20ccc - adhd in school , Adh20bcc - adhd family, Adhs24p - adhd- hyperactivity, impulsivity, Creatthc- creativity , Distracc- distractibility, Grandioscc - grandiosity
Self-trigger radio prototype array for GRAND
Creators: name: Zhang, Y.
name: He, H.
name: Zhang, P.
name: Álvarez-Muñiz, J.
name: Batista, R. A.
name: Benoit-Lévy, A.
name: Bolmont, J.
name: Brans, H.
name: Bustamante, M.
name: Charrier, D.
name: Cheng, L.
name: Chiche, S.
name: Dai, Z.
name: Almeida, R. M. De
name: Decoene, V.
name: Denton, P. B.
name: Errico, B. De
name: De Jong, S.
name: Mello Neto, J. R. T. De
name: De Vries, K. D.
name: Duan, K.
name: Duan, R.
name: Engel, R.
name: Fan, Y.
name: Fang, K.
name: Gou, Q.
name: Gu, J.
name: Guépin, C.
name: Guo, J.
name: Guo, Y.
name: Habraken, R.
name: Haungs, A.
name: He, H.
name: Hivon, E.
name: Hu, H.
name: Huang, X.
name: Huang, Y.
name: Huege, T.
name: Oliveira, M. I.
name: Koirala, R.
name: Kotera, K.
name: Jiang, W.
name: Lago, B. L.
name: Le Coz, S.
name: Lenain, J.-P.
name: Liu, B.
name: Liu, C.
name: Liu, R.
name: Liu, W.
name: Ma, P.
name: Martineau-Huynh, O.
name: Mostafá, M.
name: Mottez, F.
name: Mouette, J.
name: Murase, K.
name: Niess, V.
name: Oikonomou, F.
name: Ou, Z.
name: Pierog, T.
name: Piotrowski, L. W.
name: Prunet, S.
name: Qian, X.
name: Rens, I. Van
name: Romei, V. R.
name: Roth, M.
name: Schüssler, F.
name: Szálas-Motesiczky, D.
name: Tacken, J.
name: Timmermans, A.
name: Timmermans, C.
name: Tueros, M.
name: Wang, R.
name: Wang, S.
name: Wang, X.
name: Wang, X.
name: Watanabe, C.
name: Wei, D.
name: Wei, F.
name: Wijnen, T.
name: Wu, X.
name: Wu, X.
name: Xu, X.
name: Xu, X.
name: Yang, L.
name: Yang, X.
name: Yuan, Q.
name: Zarka, P.
name: Zeng, H.
name: Zhang, B. T.
name: Zhang, C.
name: Zhang, J.
name: Zhang, K.
name: Zhang, P.
name: Zhang, S.
name: Zhang, Y.
name: Zhou, H.
name: Collaboration, GRAND
Publisher: name: Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA)
Year: 2022

description: The GRANDProto300 (GP300) array is a pathfinder for the Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection (GRAND) project. The deployment of the array, consisting of 300 antennas, will start in 2021 in a radio-quiet area of ~200 km2 near Lenghu (~3000 m a.s.l.) in China. Serving as a test bench, the GP300 array is expected to pioneer techniques of autonomous radio detection including identification and reconstruction of nearly horizontal cosmic-ray (CR) air showers. In addition, the GP300 array is at a privileged position to study the transition between Galactic and extragalactic origins of cosmic rays, due to its large effective area and the precise measurements of both energy and mass composition for CRs with energies ranging from 30 PeV to 1 EeV. Using the GP300 array we will also investigate the potential sensitivity for radio transients such as Giant Radio Pulses and Fast Radio Bursts in the 50-200 MHz range.
Observing Conditions for Submillimeter Astronomy
Creators: name: Radford, Simon J. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Consistently superb observing conditions are crucial for achieving the scientific objectives of a telescope. Submillimeter astronomy is possible only at a few exceptionally dry sites, notably Mauna Kea, the Antarctic plateau, and the Chajnantor region in the high Andes east of San Pedro de Atacama in northern Chile. Long term measurements of 225 GHz and 350 μm atmospheric transparency demonstrate all three locations enjoy significant periods of excellent observing conditions. Conditions on the Chajnantor plateau and at the South Pole are better more often than on Mauna Kea. Conditions are better during winter and at night. Near the summit of Cerro Chajnantor, conditions are better than on the Chajnantor plateau.
The Effect of Cytokines on Tendons and Ligaments: An In Vitro Study
Creators: name: McIsaac, Bhreagh
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Biology--Molecular
subject: Medicine and Surgery
subject: Cell death
subject: Ligament
subject: tendon
subject: Cytokines

description: Tendon and ligament explants are utilized in ACL reconstruction. After ACL reconstructive surgery, or ACL injury, there is an up-regulation of inflammation, which has been implicated in causing cellular death. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of cytokines on cells and tissue of ligaments and tendons. The mRNA expression of inflammatory and apoptotic markers were measured in primary cells after treatment with cytokines and cell death was measured with fluorescent dyes. Next ACL and PT explants were analyzed for mRNA expression. Furthermore, Annexin V and DNA laddering techniques were used to evaluate for apoptosis. Apoptosis does not seem to be a direct effect of cytokine treatment. In almost all treatment groups, SNP was the only reagent that caused significant amounts of apoptosis. Results showed evidence of a connection between IL1B, iNOS, and SNP. Additionally, tissues with more blade cuts had significantly higher amounts of cell death.
The Effect of Immediate and Delayed Feedback on Knowledge and Performance Development in Athletic Therapy Students during a Simulated Cardiac Emergency
Creators: name: Valdez, Dennis
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Education
subject: Educational Psychology
subject: Psychometrics
subject: Feedback timing
subject: Athletic Therapy
subject: Emergency management
subject: Validity
subject: Reliability
subject: Content validity
subject: Emergency Field Assessment Tool
subject: Knowledge development
subject: Performance development

description: Feedback is intended to reduce the gap between actual and expected performance. Feedback can be provided during or following a learning event. However, in uncontrolled and unpredictable learning environments (medical residencies), feedback following a learning event may be delayed or absent. Feedback timing strategies have been studied in variety of disciplines, but is lacking in the field of sports medicine. Therefore, this study examined the effectiveness of feedback timing strategies on knowledge acquisition and performance skill development of athletic therapy students using simulated cardiac emergencies. Thirty athletic therapy students were randomly assigned to an immediate feedback (IF), delayed feedback (DF), or no feedback (NF) group. Students completed a baseline performance test, received standardized instruction on cardiac emergency management and completed knowledge and performance pretests. During the intervention period, students managed nine emergency simulations. The IF group received feedback immediately following each simulation. The DF group did not receive any feedback between simulations; they received all feedback on each of the nine simulations after the ninth simulation. The NF group received all feedback on each simulation at the end of the study. Knowledge and performance posttests were administered after the last feedback session of the intervention period (acquisition), and a follow- up test was administered two weeks later (retention). Several one-way ANOVA tables were generated to compare group knowledge and performance outcome measures from the pretest, posttest, and follow-up test. A Tukey’s post hoc analysis was used to examine significant interactions. The IF and DF groups performed significantly better on the knowledge posttest compared to the NF group, F(2, 27) = 5.64, p < 0.05. There were no significant differences between the igroups on the performance pretest, posttest, or follow-up tests. However, the IF and DF groups scored a higher total performance score with automated external defibrillator (AED) application compared to the NF group, F(2, 27) = 6.10, p < 0.05. The results suggest that feedback has a positive impact on learning, regardless of timing strategy. However, previous research has demonstrated that different feedback delay times may have different effects on learning. Regardless, instructors must research and wisely choose the most optimal feedback strategies to enhance learning.
Additional file 1 of The correlation between serum selenium, zinc, and COVID-19 severity: an observational study
Creators: name: Razeghi Jahromi, Soodeh
name: Moradi Tabriz, Hedieh
name: Togha, Mansoureh
name: Ariyanfar, Shadi
name: Ghorbani, Zeinab
name: Naeeni, Sima
name: Haghighi, Samaneh
name: Jazayeri, Aboozar
name: Montazeri, Mahnaz
name: Talebpour, Mohammad
name: Ashraf, Haleh
name: Ebrahimi, Mehdi
name: Hekmatdoost, Azita
name: Jafari, Elham
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table. Biochemical assessments of the COVID-19 patients according to the severity of COVID-19.
MPEC 2023-X49 : 2023 XN
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 XN

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
X-ray Variability and Hardness of ESO 243-49 HLX-1: Clear Evidence for Spectral State Transitions
Creators: name: Servillat, Mathieu
name: Farrell, Sean A.
name: Lin, Dacheng
name: Godet, Olivier
name: Barret, Didier
name: Webb, Natalie A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ultra-luminous X-ray (ULX) source ESO 243-49 HLX-1 currently provides the strongest evidence for the existence of intermediate mass black holes. We conduct an ongoing monitoring campaign with the Swift X-ray Telescope and found that HLX-1 showed two fast rise and exponential decay with increases in the count rate of a factor ~40 separated by 375+/-13 days. We obtained new XMM-Newton and Chandra dedicated pointings that were triggered at the lowest and highest luminosities, respectively. The unabsorbed luminosities ranged from 1.9x10^40 to 1.25x10^42 erg/s. We confirm here the detection of spectral state transitions from HLX-1 reminiscent of Galactic black hole binaries: at high luminosities, the X-ray spectrum showed a thermal state dominated by a disk component with temperatures of 0.26 keV at most, and at low luminosities the spectrum is dominated by a hard power law with a photon index in the range 1.4-2.1, consistent with a hard state. The source was also observed in a steep power law state. In the thermal state, the luminosity of the disk component appears to scale with the fourth power of the inner disk temperature which supports the presence of an optically thick, geometrically thin accretion disk. The low fractional variability (rms of 9+/-9%) in this state also suggests the presence of a dominant disk. The spectral changes and long-term variability of the source cannot be explained by variations of the beaming angle and are not consistent with the source being in a super-Eddington accretion state. HLX-1 is thus an unusual ULX as it is similar to Galactic black hole binaries, which have non-beamed and sub-Eddington emission, but with luminosities 3 orders of magnitude higher. In this picture, a lower limit on the mass of the black hole of >9000 M_sun can be derived, and the disk temperature in the thermal state also suggests the presence of a black hole of a few 10^3 M_sun.
description: accepted for publication in ApJ (October 10, 2011, v740-1); 11 figures, 13 pages with emulateapj style
Shifting the status quo of freedom: civil libertarians and the supreme court of canada
Creators: name: Newman, Andrew
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Political Science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Charter of Rights and Freedoms
subject: Civil Libertarians
subject: Interest Groups

description: This study examines the extent to which two civil libertarian interveners, the Canadian Civil Liberties Association (CCLA) and the British Columbia Civil Liberties Association (BCCLA), have been successful at achieving favourable policy outcomes through Supreme Court of Canada decisions. Cases directly and indirectly implicating fundamental freedoms under section 2 of the Charter of Rights were the focal point. The selected timeframe for this study was 1999-2009 and a total of thirteen cases in which the CCLA and/or the BCCLA intervened constitute the data set. Four of the cases invoke Charter section 2(a) (“freedom of religion”) and nine invoke Charter section 2(b) (“freedom of expression).” Methodologies highlighting the legal issues at trial and those that considered how the litigation will influence a policy status quo were synthesized to accomplish this goal. Analysis of these cases reveals that civil libertarians were more likely to emerge victorious in common law as opposed to constitutional cases. Constraints imposed by “reasonable limits” under section 1 of the Charter and the presence of governments as direct parties proved to be a barrier to the success of civil libertarians in court. This explanation offered complements a finding in the literature that governments are the most successful “Repeat Player” in court.
Geometric origin of scaling in large traffic networks
Creators: name: Popović, Marko
name: Štefančić, Hrvoje
name: Zlatić, Vinko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Large scale traffic networks are an indispensable part of contemporary human mobility and international trade. Networks of airport travel or cargo ships movements are invaluable for the understanding of human mobility patterns\cite{Guimera2005}, epidemic spreading\cite{Colizza2006}, global trade\cite{Imo2006} and spread of invasive species\cite{Ruiz2000}. Universal features of such networks are necessary ingredients of their description and can point to important mechanisms of their formation. Different studies\cite{Barthelemy2010} point to the universal character of some of the exponents measured in such networks. Here we show that exponents which relate i) the strength of nodes to their degree and ii) weights of links to degrees of nodes that they connect have a geometric origin. We present a simple robust model which exhibits the observed power laws and relates exponents to the dimensionality of 2D space in which traffic networks are embedded. The model is studied both analytically and in simulations and the conditions which result with previously reported exponents are clearly explained. We show that the relation between weight strength and degree is $s(k)\sim k^{3/2}$, the relation between distance strength and degree is $s^d(k)\sim k^{3/2}$ and the relation between weight of link and degrees of linked nodes is $w_{ij}\sim(k_ik_j)^{1/2}$ on the plane 2D surface. We further analyse the influence of spherical geometry, relevant for the whole planet, on exact values of these exponents. Our model predicts that these exponents should be found in future studies of port networks and impose constraints on more refined models of port networks.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures, 1 table