cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Acceptance Towards LGB Persons Is an Independent Protective Factor Against Suicide on a Country Level
Creators: name: Stuke, Heiner
name: Heinz, Andreas
name: Bermpohl, Felix
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Suicide
subject: Homosexuality
subject: Discrimination
subject: Public mental health
subject: Prevention
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Sexual minorities such as lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) people have an increased risk for suicide, whose reasons are not sufficiently understood. We aimed to test if differences in LGB acceptance explain variations in general suicide rates on a country level. Methods: We used linear regression models to explain the variation in age-standardized suicide rates in 34 OECD countries based on LGB acceptance, which was recently assessed in large international surveys polling the general population about their attitude towards homosexuality. We included economic and sociological variables, which have been shown to be related to suicide rates in previous work, as covariates. We then used backward elimination, leave-one-out cross-validation, and the Bayesian information criterion to identify best-fitting models (i.e., to select relevant predictors). Results: All employed model selection methods favored a 4-predictor model, where higher LGB acceptance, fertility rate, religiosity, and unemployment rate were significantly related to lower suicide rates. Suicide rates were well explained by this sparse model (R2 adjusted = 0.442). In the full model with all predictors, as well as in the selected four-predictor model, higher LGB acceptance was significantly related to lower suicide rates. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that low LGB acceptance, as measured by international surveys, might be a risk factor for suicide.
«Сборник наставлений в десяти разделах»: к понятию «Доброты», мэгуми
Creators: name: Трубникова Надежда Николаевна
Publisher: name: Японские исследования
Year: 2017
Subjects: ФИЛОСОФСКАЯ МЫСЛЬ ЯПОНИИ
РАССКАЗЫ СЭЦУВА
"СБОРНИК НАСТАВЛЕНИЙ В ДЕСЯТИ РАЗДЕЛАХ"
БУДДИЗМ
КОНФУЦИАНСТВО
ПОЭЗИЯ ВАКА
ИСКУССТВО ЦИТИРОВАНИЯ
JAPANESE PHILOSOPHY SETSUWA TALES
JIKKINSHō
BUDDHISM
CONFUCIANISM
WAKA POETRY

description: «Сборник наставлений в десяти разделах» (« Дзиккинсё: », 1252 г.) содержит рассказы и рассуждения, интересные с точки зрения истории некоторых понятий, значимых для японской культуры в целом. В статье на основе этого источника обсуждаются значения слова мэгуми («доброта», «милость»), связь этого понятия с понятиями «чуткость» ( ю: / ясаси ), «предусмотрительность» ( ё:и ) и др., а также набор контекстов, в которых раскрывается тема «воспитания доброты»: чему нужно научиться, чтобы откликаться на нужды ближнего и действовать ему на пользу.The Jikkinshō Setsuwa collection [Collected Admonitions in Ten Sections, 1252] contains stories and discourses interesting to researchers from the point of view of history of some concepts, which play a significant role in Japanese culture as a whole. Being based on this source, the article presents a range of meanings of the word “megumi” [kindrness], its correlation to the concepts of “empathy” ( yū / yasashi ) and “forethought” (yōi). It also shows a series of examples for “education of kindness” what we need to learn in order to respond to the needs of our counterpart and act on her/his behalf.
Additional file 1 of The relationship between body mass index and health-related quality of life in COPD: real-world evidence based on claims and survey data
Creators: name: Huber, Manuel B.
name: Kurz, Christoph
name: Kirsch, Florian
name: Schwarzkopf, Larissa
name: Schramm, Anja
name: Leidl, Reiner
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Model variables and source. Table S2. Patient population by BMI group.
Convergence of maxgeneralized mean-mingeneralized mean powers of intuitionistic fuzzy matrices
Creators: name: Pradhan, Rajkumar
name: Pal, Madhumangal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Intuitionistic fuzzy relations on finite universes can be represent by intuitionistic fuzzy matrices and the limiting behavior of the power matrices depends on the algebraic operation employed on the matrices. In this paper, the power of intuitionistic fuzzy matrices with maxgeneralized mean-mingeneralized mean operation have been studied. Here it is shown that the power of intuitionistic fuzzy matrices with the said operations are always convergent. The convergence of powers for an intuitionistic fuzzy matrix with convex combination of max-min and maxarithmetic mean-minarithmetic mean are also dicussed here.
description: 20 pages
Catalog of the Galactic population of X-ray pulsars in High-mass X-ray binary systems
Creators: name: Kim, Vitaliy
name: Izmailova, Ildana
name: Aimuratov, Yerlan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A catalog of the Galactic population of X-ray pulsars in high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB) systems is presented. It contains information about 82 confirmed sources: 18 persistent and 64 transient pulsars. Their basic parameters include spin period, spin evolution with global and local spin-up/spin-down and duration, orbital period, X-ray luminosity, magnetic field strength measured by cyclotron line analysis, distance, spectral and luminosity class, observable parameters of massive companions, which are shown in the tables provided, with corresponding references. Candidates of the HMXB pulsars are also listed for further careful consideration.
description: 35 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJS
Clinical decision-making on spinal cord injury-associated pneumonia: a nationwide survey in Germany
Creators: name: Druschel, Claudia
name: Ossami Saidy, Ramin R.
name: Grittner, Ulrike
name: Nowak, Claus P.
name: Meisel, Andreas
name: Schaser, Klaus-Dieter
name: Niedeggen, Andreas
name: Liebscher, Thomas
name: Kopp, Marcel A.
name: Schwab, Jan M.
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Anti-Bacterial Agents
subject: Clinical Decision-Making
subject: Health Care Surveys
subject: Hospital Departments
subject: Pneumonia
subject: Practice Guidelines as Topic
subject: Spinal Cord Injuries
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Study design: Survey study. Objectives: Spinal cord injury (SCI)-associated pneumonia (SCI-AP) is associated with poor functional recovery and a major cause of death after SCI. Better tackling SCI-AP requires a common understanding on how SCI-AP is defined. This survey examines clinical algorithms relevant for diagnosis and treatment of SCI-AP. Setting: All departments for SCI-care in Germany. Methods: The clinical decision-making on SCI-AP and the utility of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria for diagnosis of ‘clinically defined pneumonia’ were assessed by means of a standardized questionnaire including eight case vignettes of suspected SCI-AP. The diagnostic decisions based on the case information were analysed using classification and regression trees (CART). Results: The majority of responding departments were aware of the CDC-criteria (88%). In the clinical vignettes, 38–81% of the departments diagnosed SCI-AP in accordance with the CDC-criteria and 7–41% diagnosed SCI-AP in deviation from the CDC-criteria. The diagnostic agreement was not associated with the availability of standard operating procedures for SCI-AP management in the departments. CART analysis identified radiological findings, fever, and worsened gas exchange as most important for the decision on SCI-AP. Frequently requested supplementary diagnostics were microbiological analyses, C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin. For empirical antibiotic therapy, the departments used (acyl-)aminopenicillins/β-lactamase inhibitors, cephalosporins, or combinations of (acyl-)aminopenicillins/β-lactamase inhibitors with fluoroquinolones or carbapenems. Conclusions: This survey reveals a diagnostic ambiguity regarding SCI-AP despite the awareness of CDC-criteria and established SOPs. Heterogeneous clinical practice is encouraging the development of disease-specific guidelines for diagnosis and management of SCI-AP.
Micro- and Nano-scale Measurement Methods for Phase Change Heat Transfer on Planar and Structured Surfaces
Creators: name: Buongiorno, Jacopo
name: Cahill, David G.
name: Hidrovo, Carlos H.
name: Moghaddam, Saeed
name: Schmidt, Aaron J.
name: Shi, Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this opinion piece, we discuss recent advances in experimental methods for characterizing phase change heat transfer. We begin with a survey of techniques for high-resolution measurements of temperature and heat flux at the solid surface and in the working fluid. Next, we focus on diagnostic tools for boiling heat transfer and describe techniques for visualizing the temperature and velocity fields, as well as measurements at the single bubble level. Finally, we discuss techniques to probe the kinetics of vapor formation within a few molecular layers of the interface. We conclude with our outlook for future progress in experimental methods for phase change heat transfer.
Forecasting the Old-Age Dependency Ratio to Determine a Sustainable Pension Age
Creators: name: Hyndman, Rob J
name: Zeng, Yijun
name: Shang, Han Lin
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Econometric and statistical methods
Econometrics not elsewhere classified

description: We forecast the old-age dependency ratio for Australia under various pension age proposals, and estimate a pension age scheme that will provide a stable old-age dependency ratio at a specified level. Our approach involves a stochastic population forecasting method based on coherent functional data models for mortality, fertility and net migration, which we use to simulate the future age-structure of the population. Our results suggest that the Australian pension age should be increased to 68 by 2030, 69 by 2036, and 70 by 2050, in order to maintain the old-age dependency ratio at 23%, just above the 2018 level. Our general approach can easily be extended to other target levels of the old-aged dependency ratio and to other countries.
Угрожает ли что-либо власти ЛДП?
Creators: name: Стрельцов Дмитрий Викторович
Publisher: name: Японские исследования
Year: 2017
Subjects: ЛИБЕРАЛЬНО-ДЕМОКРАТИЧЕСКАЯ ПАРТИЯ ЯПОНИИ
АБЭ СИНДЗО
СЛОГАН
ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЙ СКАНДАЛ
"СИСТЕМА 1955 ГОДА"
ФРАКЦИЯ
КОНСЕНСУСНАЯ ДЕМОКРАТИЯ
ПРЕЕМСТВЕННОСТЬ ВЛАСТИ
THE LIBERAL DEMOCRATIC PARTY OF JAPAN
SHINZO ABE
SLOGAN
POLITICAL SCANDAL
‘THE 1955 SYSTEM’
FACTION
CONSENSUS DEMOCRACY
CONTINUITY OF POWER

description: Статья посвящена вопросу о том, насколько устойчива сформировавшаяся после 2012 г. система политической власти в Японии. Автор попытался проанализировать факторы парадоксальной популярности кабинетов Абэ при отсутствии единства мнений в обществе по ключевым проблемам государственной политики. В числе таких факторов в статье выделяются умелое применение главой ЛДП лозунгового стиля общения с обществом, мобилизация медийных возможностей для создания образа С. Абэ как «спасителя» Японии перед лицом глобализационных вызовов и угроз, а также системная слабость оппозиции. Вместе с тем ЛДП сталкивается с серьезным управленческим кризисом и в будущем будет вынуждена искать новую формулу передачи власти следующему поколению политических лидеров.The article is devoted to the problem of sustainability of the political power system that has evolved in Japan after 2012. The author makes an attempt to examine the factors of the paradoxical popularity of Abe cabinets against the background of the split in public opinion towards the key issues of state policy. Among these factors, the article highlights Abe’s skillful use of the slogan style of communication with society, the mobilization of media capabilities to create an image of Abe as the ‘savior’ of Japan in the face of globalization challenges and threats, as well as systemic weakness of the opposition. However, the LDP faces a serious management crisis and in future will be forced to seek a new formula for transferring power to the next generation of political leaders.
Single-port versus multiport laparoscopic surgery comparing long-term patient satisfaction and cosmetic outcome
Creators: name: Raakow, Jonas
name: Klein, Denis
name: Barutcu, Atakan Görkem
name: Biebl, Matthias
name: Pratschke, Johann
name: Raakow, Roland
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Single-port
subject: Laparoscopy
subject: Cholecystectomy
subject: Appendectomy
subject: Cosmesis
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Introduction: Several studies and meta-analysis showed Single-port or Single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SPL) to be superior over Multiport laparoscopic surgery (MPL) mainly in terms of postoperative pain and cosmetic result. But very little is known whether these results are only a short-term effect or are persistent on the long run after SPL. We therefore evaluated and compared long-term outcomes regarding cosmesis and chronic pain after SPL and MPL. Methods: We conducted a comparative study with propensity score matching of all patients undergoing SPL or MPL between October 2008 and December 2013 in terms of postoperative cosmetic results and chronic pain. Follow-up data were obtained from mailed patient questionnaires and telephone interviews. Postoperative cosmesis was assessed using the patients overall scar opinion on a 10-point scale and the Patients scale of the standardized Patient and Observer Scar assessment scale (POSAS). Chronic pain was assessed by 10-point scales for abdominal and umbilical scar pain. Results: A total of 280 patients were included in the study with 188 patients (67.1%) after SPL and 92 patients (32.9%) following MPL. 141 patients (50.4%) underwent a cholecystectomy and 139 patients (49.6%) underwent an appendectomy. The mean follow-up time was 61.1 ± 19.1 months. The mean wound satisfaction assed by the overall scar and the PSOAS Patients scale score of the patients showed no significant difference between MPL and SPL. Patients after SPL reported more overall complains than after MPL (8.7% vs. 2.5%, respectively), but without statistical significance (p = 0.321). Umbilical pain scores were comparable between the two groups (1.4 ± 1.0 vs. 1.4 ± 1.0, p = 0.831). Conclusion: We found no difference in long-term cosmetic outcomes after SPL and MPL. Chronic pain at the umbilical incision site was comparable on the long run.
Maternal Serum VEGF Predicts Abnormally Invasive Placenta Better than NT-proBNP: a Multicenter Case-Control Study
Creators: name: Schwickert, Alexander
name: Chantraine, Frédéric
name: Ehrlich, Loreen
name: Henrich, Wolfgang
name: Muallem, Mustafa Zelal
name: Nonnenmacher, Andreas
name: Petit, Philippe
name: Weizsäcker, Katharina
name: Braun, Thorsten
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Vascular endothelial growth factor
subject: Placenta increta
subject: Placenta percreta
subject: Abnormally invasive placenta
subject: Placenta accreta spectrum
subject: Biomarker
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: The aim of this study was to test if maternal serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) predicts abnormally invasive placenta (AIP) better. Secondary objective was to test whether the serum levels of VEGF and NT-proBNP can predict the degree of invasion. In a multicenter case–control study design, gestational age-matched serum samples from pregnant women with AIP (n = 44) and uncomplicated pregnancies (n = 55) who had been enrolled at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany and Centre Hospitalier Régional de la Citadelle in Liège, Belgium were analyzed. Maternal blood serum VEGF and NT-proBNP levels were immunoassayed from samples taken immediately before delivery (GA median: 35 weeks). Biomarker levels were compared between AIP and control group. The correlation of biomarker levels with the clinical AIP degree was assessed. The predictive biomarker ability was characterized through a multivariate regression model and receiver operating characteristic curves. Women with AIP had significantly lower maternal serum VEGF levels (AIP mean 285 pg/ml, 95% CI 248–322, vs. control: 391 pg/ml, 95% CI 356–426, p < 0.01) and higher NT-proBNP levels (AIP median 329 pg/ml, IQR 287–385, vs. control 295 pg/ml, IQR 273–356, p = 0.03). Maternal serum VEGF levels were able to predict AIP better (AUC = 0.729, 0.622–0.836, p < 0.001; VEGF + number of previous cesarean deliveries: AUC = 0.915, 0.853–0.977, p < 0.001). Maternal serum VEGF levels correlated inversely with the clinical AIP degree (r = − 0.32, p < 0.01). In short, maternal serum VEGF, more than NT-proBNP, can help in predicting AIP and hints at the degree of invasion.
Efficient readout of a single spin state in diamond via spin-to-charge conversion
Creators: name: Shields, B. J.
name: Unterreithmeier, Q. P.
name: de Leon, N. P.
name: Park, H.
name: Lukin, M. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Efficient readout of individual electronic spins associated with atom-like impurities in the solid state is essential for applications in quantum information processing and quantum metrology. We demonstrate a new method for efficient spin readout of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. The method is based on conversion of the electronic spin state of the NV to a charge state distribution, followed by single-shot readout of the charge state. Conversion is achieved through a spin-dependent photoionization process in diamond at room temperature. Using NVs in nanofabricated diamond beams, we demonstrate that the resulting spin readout noise is within a factor of three of the spin projection noise level. Applications of this technique for nanoscale magnetic sensing are discussed.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures
The impact of a filament eruption on nearby high-lying cool loops
Creators: name: Harra, L. K.
name: Matthews, S. A.
name: Long, D. M.
name: Doschek, G. A.
name: De Pontieu, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first spectroscopic observations of cool Mg II loops above the solar limb observed by NASA's Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph ({\it IRIS}; \cite{IRIS}) are presented. During the observation period IRIS is pointed off-limb allowing the observation of high-lying loops, which reach over 70~Mm in height. Low-lying cool loops were observed by the {\it IRIS} slit jaw camera for the entire 4 hour observing window. There is no evidence of a central reversal in the line profiles and the Mg II h/k ratio is approximately 2. The Mg II spectral lines show evidence of complex dynamics in the loops with Doppler velocities reaching $\pm$ 40 km/s. The complex motions seen indicate the presence of multiple threads in the loops and separate blobs. Towards the end of the observing period, a filament eruption occurs that forms the core of a coronal mass ejection. As the filament erupts, it impacts these high-lying loops, temporarily impeding these complex flows, most likely due to compression. This causes the plasma motions in the loops become blue-shifted and then red-shifted. The plasma motions are seen before the loops themselves start to oscillate as they reach equilibrium following the impact. The ratio of the Mg h/k lines also increases following the impact of the filament.
О книге «Рисовать лагерь. Язык травмы в памяти японских военнопленных о СССР»
Creators: name: Мещеряков Александр Николаевич
Publisher: name: Японские исследования
Year: 2017

description: Эльза-Баир Гучинова. Рисовать лагерь. Язык травмы в памяти японских военнопленных о СССР / Эльза-Баир Гучинова. Sapporo : Slavic-Eurasian Research Center Hokkaido University, 2016. 220 с. : ил. Библиогр.: с. 213-220. На рус. яз. ISBN 978-4-938637-87-3.
On the Fučik spectrum of the wave operator and an asymptotically linear problem
Creators: name: Girão, Pedro M.
name: Tehrani, Hossein
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35L05, 35L70, 35J20

description: We study generalized solutions of the nonlinear wave equation $$u_{tt}-u_{ss}=au^+-bu^-+p(s,t,u),$$ with periodic conditions in $t$ and homogeneous Dirichlet conditions in $s$, under the assumption that the ratio of the period to the length of the interval is two. When $p\equiv 0$ and $λ$ is a nonzero eigenvalue of the wave operator, we give a proof of the existence of two families of curves (which may coincide) in the Fučik spectrum intersecting at $(λ,λ)$. This result is known for some classes of self-adjoint operators (which does not cover the situation we consider here), but in a smaller region than ours. Our approach is based on a dual variational formulation and is also applicable to other operators, such as the Laplacian. In addition, we prove an existence result for the nonhomogeneous situation, when the pair $(a,b)$ is not `between' the Fučik curves passing through $(λ,λ)\neq(0,0)$ and $p$ is a continuous function, sublinear at infinity.
Vertebral disk morphology of the lumbar spine: a retrospective analysis of collagen-sensitive mapping using dual-energy computed tomography
Creators: name: Schömig, Friederike
name: Pumberger, Matthias
name: Palmowski, Yannick
name: Ditges, Ann-Kathrin
name: Diekhoff, Torsten
name: Göhler, Friedemann
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Vertebral disk
subject: Pathology
subject: Tomography
subject: X-ray computed
subject: Spine
subject: Collagen
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Objectives: To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of collagen-sensitive maps derived from dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) for the detection of lumbar disk pathologies in a feasibility setting. Materials and methods: We retrospectively reviewed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and DECT datasets acquired in patients who underwent periradicular therapy of the lumbar spine from June to December 2019. Three readers scored DECT collagen maps, conventional CT, and MRI for presence, type, and extent of disk pathology. Contingency table analyses were performed to determine diagnostic accuracy using MRI as standard of reference. Interrater agreement within and between imaging modalities was evaluated by computing intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Cohen’s kappa. Correlation between sum scores of anteroposterior disk displacement was determined by calculation of a paired t test. Results: In 21 disks in 13 patients, DECT had a sensitivity of 0.87 (0.60–0.98) and specificity of 1.00 (0.54–1.00) for the detection of disk pathology. Intermodality agreement for anteroposterior disk displacement was excellent for DECT (ICC 0.963 [0.909–0.985]) and superior to CT (ICC 0.876 [0.691–0.95]). For anteroposterior disk displacement, DECT also showed greater within-modality interrater agreement (ICC 0.820 [0.666–0.916]) compared with CT (ICC 0.624 [0.39–0.808]). Conclusion: Our data suggest that collagen-sensitive imaging has an added benefit, allowing more accurate evaluation of the extent of disk displacement with higher interrater reliability. Thus, DECT could provide useful diagnostic information in patients undergoing CT for other indications or with contraindications to MRI.
Additional file 1 of Meta-synthesis of qualitative evidence in road traffic injury prevention: a scoping review of qualitative studies (2000 to 2019)
Creators: name: Azami-Aghdash, Saber
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Complete search strategy in PubMed databases for identifying the qualitative studies on Road Traffic Injuries (RTIs) published between2000 to 2019.
Meteorological data for the astronomical site at Dome A, Antarctica
Creators: name: Hu, Yi
name: Shang, Zhaohui
name: Ashley, Michael C. B.
name: Bonner, Collin S.
name: Hu, Keliang
name: Liu, Qiang
name: Li, Yuansheng
name: Ma, Bin
name: Wang, Lifan
name: Wen, Haikun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of the meteorological data collected at Dome A, Antarctica by the Kunlun Automated Weather Station, including temperatures and wind speeds at eight elevations above the snow surface between 0m and 14.5m. The average temperatures at 2m and 14.5m are $-54^{\circ}$C and $-46^{\circ}$C, respectively. We find that a strong temperature inversion existed at all heights for more than 70% of the time, and the temperature inversion typically lasts longer than 25 hours, indicating an extremely stable atmosphere. The temperature gradient is larger at lower elevations than higher elevations. The average wind speed was 1.5m/s at 4m elevation. We find that the temperature inversion is stronger when the wind speed is lower and the temperature gradient decreases sharply at a specific wind speed for each elevation. The strong temperature inversion and low wind speed results in a shallow and stable boundary layer with weak atmospheric turbulence above it, suggesting that Dome A should be an excellent site for astronomical observations. All the data from the weather station are available for download.
description: 32 pages, 22 figures, accepted for publication in PASP
Modified Friedmann equations from fractional entropy
Creators: name: Çoker, Zeynep
name: Ökcü, Özgür
name: Aydiner, Ekrem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the fractional black hole entropy (Jalalzadeh S. et al., Eur. Phys. J. C, 81 (2021) 632), we derive the modified Friedmann equations from two different frameworks. First, we consider the modifications of Friedmann equations from the first law of thermodynamics at the apparent horizon. We show that the generalized second law (GSL) of thermodynamics always holds in a region bounded by the apparent horizon. Then, we obtain Friedmann equations from Verlinde's entropic gravity framework. We also compute the fractional corrections to the deceleration parameter $q$ in the flat case $k=0$ for both frameworks. Furthermore, we consider the time to reach the initial singularity for the two frameworks. The results indicate that the initial singularity is accessible for both frameworks. However, fractional effects may provide a constraint on the equation of state parameter in the entropic gravity scenario since the time is imaginary for $-2/3α<ω<-1/3$.
description: 16 pages, 2 figures. References added. Minor corrections
A Homogeneous Approach to Testing for Granger Non-Causality in Heterogeneous Panels
Creators: name: Juodis, Arturas
name: Karavias, Yiannis
name: Sarafidis, Vasilis
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Econometric and statistical methods
Econometrics not elsewhere classified

description: This paper develops a new method for testing for Granger non-causality in panel data models with large cross-sectional (N) and time series (T) dimensions. The method is valid in models with homogeneous or heterogeneous coefficients. The novelty of the proposed approach lies on the fact that under the null hypothesis, the Granger-causation parameters are all equal to zero, and thus they are homogeneous. Therefore, we put forward a pooled least-squares (fixed effects type) estimator for these parameters only. Pooling over cross-sections guarantees that the estimator has a root NT convergence rate. In order to account for the well-known "Nickell bias", the approach makes use of the well-known Split Panel Jackknife method. Subsequently, a Wald test is proposed, which is based on the bias-corrected estimator. Finite-sample evidence shows that the resulting approach performs well in a variety of settings and outperforms existing procedures. Using a panel data set of 350 U.S. banks observed during 56 quarters, we test for Granger non-causality between banks' profitability and cost efficiency.
Structural and biochemical studies of the S. cerevisiae condensin complex
Creators: name: Cawood, Christopher
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2020

description: The Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes (SMC) complex family forms an essential part of the genome’s organisational machinery in all domains of life. In eukaryotes condensin is one such complex that mediates the packaging of DNA for segregation during cell division. This pentameric ATPase is comprised of two elongated Smc proteins (Smc2 and Smc4), a kleisin type protein (Brn1) and two HEAT repeat proteins (Ycg1 and Ycs4). Despite the important role of condensin in such fundamental cell processes its overall structure, and consequently its molecular mechanism, are currently unknown. This study describes the processes leading to production of the first atomic resolution model of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae condensin complex in the ATP free apo state by cryo electronmicroscopy. This model demonstrates that several features such as a folded conformation in the Smc protein arms are common to multiple members of the SMC complex family. Furthermore, previously described structural features such as the location of the Ycs4 subunit in contact with the Smc protein head domains, and a discontinuity in the arms of the Smc proteins called the joint, are also described as part of the whole complex. Finally, the position of the Ycg1 subunit is also described as sitting flexibly under the Smc head domains, anchored by the Brn1 subunit to the rest of the complex. Also described in this study is preliminary work to further characterise the biochemical properties of the condensin complex in the context of chromatin using the Lumix C-trap optical tweezer system. Condensins’ ability to compact DNA in real time and to translocate on a fixed DNA substrate in the C-trap system are demonstrated, as is ongoing work to chromatinise the same DNA substrate in situ. This chromatinisation involves the purification of recombinant S. cerevisiae histone octamers and histone chaperone Nap1 which have been successfully applied to DNA within the C-trap to create a chromatin substrate suitable for future experimentation.
Additional file 1 of A comparison of eating disorder symptomatology, psychological distress and psychosocial function between early, typical and later onset anorexia nervosa
Creators: name: Jenkins, Zoe M.
name: Chait, Lior M.
name: Cistullo, Leonardo
name: Castle, David J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Results from a data-driven approach (median split) to dichotomise the sample into two AOO groups.
Real Time Fabric Defect Detection System on an Embedded DSP Platform
Creators: name: Raheja, J. L.
name: Ajay, B.
name: Chaudhary, Ankit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In industrial fabric productions, automated real time systems are needed to find out the minor defects. It will save the cost by not transporting defected products and also would help in making compmay image of quality fabrics by sending out only undefected products. A real time fabric defect detection system (FDDS), implementd on an embedded DSP platform is presented here. Textural features of fabric image are extracted based on gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). A sliding window technique is used for defect detection where window moves over the whole image computing a textural energy from the GLCM of the fabric image. The energy values are compared to a reference and the deviations beyond a threshold are reported as defects and also visually represented by a window. The implementation is carried out on a TI TMS320DM642 platform and programmed using code composer studio software. The real time output of this implementation was shown on a monitor.
description: Optik Elsevier 2013
Gut microbiota-host metabolic interactions in human development
Creators: name: West, Kiana A.
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2020

description: The microbial communities living in the gut exist in symbiosis with the host and perform biological functions that are fundamental to human physiology. Evidence from animal studies suggests that disturbing host-microbe interactions during developmental phases has lasting consequences, but evidence in humans is lacking. Aberrant metabolism was investigated during two periods of development - pregnancy and early childhood - to define functional associations between the gut microbiota and aspects of altered development. Maternal obesity is associated with fetal overgrowth, but the relationship between obesity, the maternal gut microbiota and neonatal outcomes has not been thoroughly investigated. This thesis details longitudinal shifts in gestational metabolism with maternal body mass index, which were linked to elevated insulin resistance during pregnancy, elevated neonatal insulin levels and high birth weight. A direct association between the maternal gut microbiota and neonatal outcomes was not observed. However, maternal insulin resistance, which is thought to contribute to fetal overgrowth, was positively correlated with bacteria-derived metabolites. Obese women with a previous weight loss surgery had reduced insulin resistance during pregnancy, which was associated with changes in gut microbial composition and host-microbe co-metabolism. The identified metabolites were linked to lower birth weight, demonstrating the metabolism of the maternal gut microbiota may influence fetal growth either directly, or through modulation of maternal insulin resistance. In addition to prospective associations, retrospective microbiota-associated signatures of altered neurodevelopment were sought in a childhood cohort, but could not be identified. However, subgroups of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder were distinguished based on patterns of host-microbe co-metabolism of dietary protein, which may be associated with gastrointestinal dysfunction. Collectively, this thesis deciphers several associations between microbial and metabolic profiles, demonstrating the systemic capacity of gut microbes to influence human metabolism. The results presented herein provide a foundation for investigating mechanistic links between the metabolic activity of the gut microbiota during pregnancy and fetal development, but prospective birth cohorts are needed to study the relationship between gut microbial communities and altered neurodevelopment.
Rotational dynamics of entangled polymers
Creators: name: Walter, Jean-Charles
name: Laleman, Michiel
name: Baiesi, Marco
name: Carlon, Enrico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some recent results on the rotational dynamics of polymers are reviewed and extended. We focus here on the relaxation of a polymer, either flexible or semiflexible, initially wrapped around a rigid rod. We also study the steady polymer rotation generated by a constant torque on the rod. The interplay of frictional and entropic forces leads to a complex dynamical behavior characterized by non-trivial universal exponents. The results are based on extensive simulations of polymers undergoing Rouse dynamics and on an analytical approach using force balance and scaling arguments. The analytical results are in general in good agreement with the simulations, showing how a simplified approach can correctly capture the complex dynamical behavior of rotating polymers.
description: 13 pages; 7 figures; proceedings of the International Workshop on "Brownian Motion in Confined Geometries", Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems in Dresden from 17 - 21 March 2014; to appear in EPJ-ST
Intermittent fasting promotes axonal regeneration through the gut microbiome derived metabolite: Indole-3-Propionic acid
Creators: name: Serger, Elisabeth
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2020

description: Spontaneous functional mammalian axonal regeneration following injury fails. High density and fast axon regeneration across distances are needed for efficient repair in humans. These are likely influenced by complex neuronal intrinsic and extrinsic metabolic and signalling mechanisms. Environmental factors such as exercise and diet have been shown to affect metabolism and signalling promoting health and repair processes in several diseases. Intermittent fasting (IF) has been shown to increase synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis that partially share molecular mechanisms with axonal regeneration. Recent publications showed that IF was followed by enhanced functional recovery following spinal cord injury. We hypothesized that IF would promote axonal regeneration after injury by a combinatorial effect of systemic and cell intrinsic mechanisms influencing neuronal metabolism and regenerative signalling pathways. Hence, we studied axonal regeneration after sciatic nerve injury in fasting (IF) versus non-fasting animals to discover that IF significantly promotes axonal regeneration. We next found IF-dependent upregulation of gut bacteria-derived indole metabolites and identified indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) as a key factor in IF dependent axonal regeneration. IPA treatment in ad libitum-fed mice increased axonal regeneration after injury. Further, RNA sequencing transcriptomic analysis from dorsal root ganglia neurons suggests that neutrophils and interferon gamma play an important role in IPA-dependent axonal regeneration. These studies offer both a novel mechanism and they have the potential to provide a novel translational approach for nerve repair and functional recovery after injury.
A fundamental understanding of clinking during the cooling and reheating of as-cast steel slabs
Creators: name: Khosla, Akshay Guy
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2020

description: Catastrophic slab fractures during the steel making process cause significant material losses and process interruptions. For steel manufacturers at Tata Steel’s Port Talbot plant it is of upmost importance to understand what alloys are sensitive to fracture and what the key factors are that drive the fracture events. One type of slab fracture is that which occurs between the continuous caster and the rolling mill. At this stage in the steel making process, slabs have solidified and are transported via a slab yard to the hot mill. Slab fractures are noted to occur both upon cooling in the slab yard, and upon reheating (known as charging) in the rolling mill. The slab fractures are often preceded by a process known as: clinking. This is an audible cracking that occurs on cooldown steel manufacturers on-plant observe with alloys sensitive to slab fracture. Research on these catastrophic slab fractures focusses primarily on transverse cracks that form in the continuous caster. However, there has been little research on understanding the propagation of cracks to cause slab breakages and the relationship to clinking and the unique as-cast microstructure. The as-cast microstructure shows three distinct regions: (i) a chill zone containing small grains, (ii) a columnar grain region (iii) an equiaxed region. Whilst the chill zone and equiaxed regions had good strength, the columnar grain region was significantly weak. In addition, there were many significant pre-existing cracks that had arrested within extracted specimens from this region. EBSD mapping showed the inherent cracks had propagated along the {100} planes, showing the fracture is transgranular cleavage failure. Macro tensile thermal stresses up to 250 MPa form in the casting direction during cooling and reheating. These are the main driver of cracking which always occurs transverse to the direction of casting. Clinking was found to be the propagation of small cleavage cracks that occurs at the upper shelf of the transition temperature. Low temperature fracture toughness tests revealed a lower bound KIc = 28 MPa√m. It is believed that upon cooling clinking occurs creating sharp defects that under large tensile thermal stresses, propagate to break the slab. Several plant recommendations are proposed in order to reduce the frequency of clinking and catastrophic slab fracture. Composition and processing parameters should be altered to maximise the size of the equiaxed region. Scheduling in the plant should be done to encourage slow cooling, to above the DBTT and upper shelf to avoid clinking. A minimum slab temperature of 350°C is proposed.
Patternshop: Editing Point Patterns by Image Manipulation
Creators: name: Huang, Xingchang
name: Ritschel, Tobias
name: Seidel, Hans-Peter
name: Memari, Pooran
name: Singh, Gurprit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Point patterns are characterized by their density and correlation. While spatial variation of density is well-understood, analysis and synthesis of spatially-varying correlation is an open challenge. No tools are available to intuitively edit such point patterns, primarily due to the lack of a compact representation for spatially varying correlation. We propose a low-dimensional perceptual embedding for point correlations. This embedding can map point patterns to common three-channel raster images, enabling manipulation with off-the-shelf image editing software. To synthesize back point patterns, we propose a novel edge-aware objective that carefully handles sharp variations in density and correlation. The resulting framework allows intuitive and backward-compatible manipulation of point patterns, such as recoloring, relighting to even texture synthesis that have not been available to 2D point pattern design before. Effectiveness of our approach is tested in several user experiments.
Explicit energy expansion for general odd degree polynomial potentials
Creators: name: Nanayakkara, Asiri
name: Mathanaranjan, Thilagarajah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we derive an almost explicit analytic formula for asymptotic eigenenergy expansion of arbitrary odd degree polynomial potentials of the form $V(x)=(ix)^{2N+1}+β_{1}x^{2N}+β_{2}x^{2N-1}+\cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot +β_{2N}x$ where $β_{k}^{\prime }$s are real or complex for $1\leq k\leq 2N$. The formula can be used to find semiclassical analytic expressions for eigenenergies up to any order very efficiently. Each term of the expansion is given explicitly as a multinomial of the parameters $β_{1},β_{2}....$ and $β_{2N}$ of the potential. Unlike in the even degree polynomial case, the highest order term in the potential is pure imaginary and hence the system is non-Hermitian. Therefore all the integrations have been carried out along a contour enclosing two complex turning points which lies within a wedge in the complex plane. With the help of some examples we demonstrate the accuracy of the method for both real and complex eigenspectra.
description: 10 pages
Development of Multi-gap Resistive Plate Chamber (MRPC) for medical imaging
Creators: name: Banerjee, A.
name: Roy, A.
name: Biswas, S.
name: Chattopadhyay, S.
name: Das, G.
name: Pal, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The low cost and high resolution Multi-gap Resistive Plate Chamber (MRPC) opens up a new possibility to find an efficient alternative detector for the Time of Flight (TOF) based Positron Emission Tomography, where the sensitivity of the system depends largely on the time resolution of the detector. In a layered structure, suitable converters can be used to increase the photon detection efficiency. In this paper results of the cosmic ray test of a four-gap bakelite-based prototype MRPC operated in streamer mode and six-gap glass-based MRPC operated in avalanche mode are discussed.
description: 2 pages, 5 figures
Transient nuclear criticality analysis of aqueous fissile solutions using point nuclear reactor kinetics and phenomenological thermal-hydraulic feedback models
Creators: name: Winter, George Edward
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: This thesis presents a range of mathematical and computational models for use in transient nuclear criticality safety assessment. A mathematical model for quantifying the uncertainty in the wait-time probability distributions of criticality excursions initiated in the presence of weak intrinsic neutron sources is presented. This model is used to demonstrate the potential influence of parametric uncertainty on the wait-time probability distributions of the 1958 Y-12 criticality accident and experiments on the Caliban reactor. Also presented in this thesis is a new mathematical and computational model of radiolytic gas production and evolution in fissile liquids. This model has been validated against nuclear criticality safety benchmark experiments on fissile solution reactors and has been shown to accurately predict features of the fission power profiles related to the appearance and advection of radiolytic gas voids in the solution. The model has also demonstrated efficacy in predicting the timing and magnitude of secondary peaks in the fission power output. The purpose of this new mathematical and computational radiolytic gas model was to improve the simulation of fissile liquid criticality transients while removing the need for the adjustable heuristic parameters used by existing fissile liquid simulation codes. These parameters, which must be appropriately adjusted to criticality safety benchmark experiments, are dependent on the geometry and composition of the system being analysed. The need for these heuristic parameters therefore precludes the use of these codes as predictive modelling and simulation tools. The new mathematical and computational model, presented in this thesis, offers valuable insights into the behaviour of radiolytic gas in fissile liquid systems.