cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
DNA origami assembled nanoantennas for manipulating single-molecule spectral emission
Creators: name: Sanz-Paz, Maria
name: Zhu, Fangjia
name: Bruder, Nicolas
name: Kolataj, Karol
name: Fernandez-Dominguez, Antonio
name: Acuna, Guillermo P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical nanoantennas can affect the decay rates of nearby emitters by modifying the local density of photonic states around them. In the weak-coupling limit, and according to the Fermi's Golden Rule, the emission spectrum of a dye is given by the energy of all the possible radiative transitions weighted by the probability of each of them to occur. By engineering the resonance of a nanoantenna, one can selectively enhance specific vibronic transitions of a dye molecule, thus shaping its emission spectrum. Since interactions between emitters and nanoantennas are known to be position dependent, we make here use of DNA origami to precisely place an individual dye at different positions around a gold nanorod. We show how this relative position between the nanorod and the emitter affects the emission spectrum of the latter. In particular, we observe the appearance of a second fluorescence peak whose wavelength and intensity are correlated with the fundamental plasmonic resonance of the nanorod, which we extract from its photoluminescence spectrum. This second peak results from the selective enhancement of transitions to different vibrational levels of the excitonic ground state, whose energies are in resonance with the plasmonic one. Furthermore, we argue that the drastic alteration of the fluorescence spectrum in some of our samples cannot be accounted for with Kasha's rule, which indicates that radiative and vibrational relaxation dye lifetimes can become comparable through the coupling to the gold nanorods.
Why Do Cancer Patients Die in the Emergency Department?: An Analysis of 283 Deaths in NC EDs
Creators: name: Mayer, Deborah K.
name: Waller, Anna
name: Leak, Ashley
name: Travers, Debbie
name: Wyss, Annah
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Emergency department (ED) visits are made by cancer patients for symptom management, treatment effects, oncologic emergencies, or end of life care. While most patients prefer to die at home, many die in health care institutions. The purpose of this study is to describe visit characteristics of cancer patients who died in the ED and their most common chief complaints using 2008 ED visit data from the North Carolina Disease Event Tracking and Epidemiologic Collection Tool (NC DETECT). Of the 37,760 cancer-related ED visits, 283 resulted in death. For lung cancer patients, 104 died in the ED with 70.9% dying on their first ED visit. Research on factors precipitating ED visits by cancer patients is needed to address end of life care needs.
Kan extensions and the calculus of modules for $\infty$-categories
Creators: name: Riehl, Emily
name: Verity, Dominic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18G55, 55U35, 55U40

description: Various models of $(\infty,1)$-categories, including quasi-categories, complete Segal spaces, Segal categories, and naturally marked simplicial sets can be considered as the objects of an $\infty$-cosmos. In a generic $\infty$-cosmos, whose objects we call $\infty$-categories, we introduce modules (also called profunctors or correspondences) between $\infty$-categories, incarnated as as spans of suitably-defined fibrations with groupoidal fibers. As the name suggests, a module from $A$ to $B$ is an $\infty$-category equipped with a left action of $A$ and a right action of $B$, in a suitable sense. Applying the fibrational form of the Yoneda lemma, we develop a general calculus of modules, proving that they naturally assemble into a multicategory-like structure called a virtual equipment, which is known to be a robust setting in which to develop formal category theory. Using the calculus of modules, it is straightforward to define and study pointwise Kan extensions, which we relate, in the case of cartesian closed $\infty$-cosmoi, to limits and colimits of diagrams valued in an $\infty$-category, as introduced in previous work.
description: 84 pages; a sequel to arXiv:1506.05500; v2. new results added, axiom circularity removed; v3. final journal version to appear in Alg. Geom. Top
An in-host model of HIV incorporating latent infection and viral mutation
Creators: name: Pankavich, Stephen
name: Shutt, Deborah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 37N25, 92B05, 34D20

description: We construct a seven-component model of the in-host dynamics of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 (i.e, HIV) that accounts for latent infection and the propensity of viral mutation. A dynamical analysis is conducted and a theorem is presented which characterizes the long time behavior of the model. Finally, we study the effects of an antiretroviral drug and treatment implications.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, Proceedings of AIMS Conference on Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems (2015)
Personalization of radiotherapy with VSP Bolus
Creators: name: Bruce, Riley
name: Carnevali, Luca
Publisher: name: Transactions on Additive Manufacturing Meets Medicine
Year: 2022

description: Radiotherapy is a treatment modality used in approximately half of all cancer cases to target and kill cancerous cells. Many treatment options require the use of a bolus which attenuates the radiation beam to alter the dose at desired tissue depths. A common clinical solution is a silicone slab, which is placed on the patient’s targeted treatment anatomy to act as a bolus. However, patient-specific boluses have shown in improvement in patient conformality and have shown improved radiotherapy plan dose conformity. As such, 3D Systems developed VSP Bolus to offer an FDA-cleared, elastomeric, 3D-printed, and patient-specific solution for radiation oncology. The VSP Bolus workflow begins with the submission of patient CT data through a physician-facing portal. Using, DICOM-to-Print (D2P) software, the patient’s skin tissue is segmented into a 3D model. Biomedical engineers use information from the radiotherapy treatment plan and the patient 3D model to create a uniform thickness bolus using Geomagic Freeform, a volumetric modeling software tool specializing in non-parametric patient contours. The patient-specific bolus is optimized for 3D printing in 3D Sprint, 3D Systems’ build preparation software. The boluses are manufactured in an elastomeric material, VisiJet M2E-BK70, on the ProJet MJP 2500 Plus, a MultiJet system leveraging wax supports and picolitre quantities of jetted material resulting in high accuracy prints. VisiJet M2E-BK70 is the chosen material for the bolus application because of the material’s biocompatibility and elasticity (Shore A hardness of 70). Because the device is in contact with patient tissue, VSP Bolus was evaluated for biocompatibility against ISO 10993-1:2018, Biological evaluation of medical device - Part 1: Evaluation and testing within a risk management process. The elastomeric, patient-matched, and biocompatible bolus is designed to improve patient treatment and set-up. As a healthcare solutions provider, 3D Systems leveraged expertise in patient-specific device manufacturing workflows, materials, 3D printing processes, and medical regulatory requirements to develop a physician-centric service. The service model enables clinicians to use an FDA-cleared patient-specific bolus for their oncology cases with limited device design burden.
description: Transactions on Additive Manufacturing Meets Medicine, Vol. 4 No. S1 (2022): Trans. AMMM Supplement
(100752) John Benjamin Brodie
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Impact of pions on binary neutron star mergers
Creators: name: Vijayan, Vimal
name: Rahman, Ninoy
name: Bauswein, Andreas
name: Martínez-Pinedo, Gabriel
name: Arbina, Ignacio L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the impact of pions in simulations of neutron star mergers and explore the impact on gravitational-wave observables. We model charged and neutral pions as a non-interacting Boson gas with a chosen, constant effective mass. We add the contributions of pions, which can occur as a condensate or as a thermal population, to existing temperature and composition dependent equations of state. Compared to the models without pions, the presence of a pion condensate decreases the characteristic properties of cold, non-rotating neutron stars such as the maximum mass, the radius and the tidal deformability. We conduct relativistic hydrodynamical simulations of neutron star mergers for these modified equations of state models and compare to the original models, which ignore pions. Generally, the inclusion of pions leads to a softening of the equation of state, which is more pronounced for smaller effective pion masses. We find a shift of the dominant postmerger gravitational-wave frequency by up to 150~Hz to higher frequencies and a reduction of the threshold binary mass for prompt black-hole formation by up to 0.07~$M_\odot$. We evaluate empirical relations between the threshold mass or the dominant postmerger gravitational-wave frequency and stellar parameters of nonrotating neutron stars. These relations are constructed to extract these stellar properties from merger observations and are built based on large sets of equation of state models which do not include pions. Comparing to our calculations with pions, we find that these empirical relations remain valid to good accuracy, which justifies their use although they neglect a possible impact of pions. We also address the mass ejection by neutron star mergers and observe a moderate enhancement of the ejecta mass by a few ten per cent. (abridged)
description: 27 pages, 24 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
Palliative Care Issues in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: An Evidenced-Based Review
Creators: name: Carter, Gregory T.
name: Joyce, Nanette
name: Bedlack, Richard
name: Karam, Chafic Y.
name: Paganoni, Sabrina
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: As palliative care physicians become increasingly involved in the care of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), they will be asked to provide guidance regarding the use of supplements, diet, exercise, and other common preventive medicine interventions. Moreover, palliative care physicians have a crucial role assisting patients with ALS in addressing health care decisions to maximize quality of life and cope with a rapidly disabling disease. It is therefore important for palliative care physicians to be familiar with commonly encountered palliative care issues in ALS. This article provides an evidenced-based review of palliative care options not usually addressed in national and international ALS guidelines.
Evaluation of bio-inspired patterns for soft tissue-mimicking with multi-material 3D-printing
Creators: name: Grimaldo Ruiz, Oliver
name: Rodriguez, Mariana
name: Ingrassia, Elena
name: Maniero, Filippo
name: Vecchio, Federico
name: Burgio, Vito
name: Bitan, Ido
name: Civera, Marco
name: Lacidogna, Giuseeppe
name: Surace, Cecilia
Publisher: name: Transactions on Additive Manufacturing Meets Medicine
Year: 2022

description: Thanks to multi-material Additive manufacturing (AM), it is nowadays possible to mimic the mechanical behavior of complex biological soft tissues. This enables, e.g., to experiment with novel implantable devices or surgical procedures in a non-risk setting. In a recent work [1], the authors considered four bio-inspired patterns: Tendon-Like (TL), Tendon-Mimic (TM), Bamboo-Like (BL), and Helix-Bamboo (HB). Multi-material dog-bone specimens (designed accordingly to ASTM Standard D638, Type IV shape) were produced with a Stratasys® J750™ Digital Anatomy 3D Printer (DAP) combining the Agilus30™ photopolymer at different Shore A hardness levels in several configurations. These included different matrix-to-fiber ratios, with the internal fibers arranged as complex layered structures (up to three layers). In total, 44 different variants, fully detailed in [1], were considered. The properties of these specimens were then assessed under uniaxial Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) tests, performed at the Laboratory of Bio-inspired Nanomechanics of Politecnico di Torino. An MTS Insight® Electromechanical Testing System specifically intended to characterize biological and bioinspired materials and Digital Image Correlation (DIC) were used to accurately quantify the specimens’ mechanical behavior in a non-contact fashion. The results – in terms of stress-strain curves, tensile strength at break, maximum strain at break, and modulus of elasticity – were then compared to the values of the equivalent base PolyJet materials. These comparisons showed that several patterns improved the mechanical response of the specimen with respect to their mono-material counterparts. For instance, at least one variant per each of the four classes (TL, TM, BL, and HB) returned a higher total deformation for comparable tensile strength. Thus, this work highlighted the potentialities of multi-material AM to integrate different hierarchical and complex shapes into single specimens. This enabling technology will play a decisive role in future biomedical applications, especially for repairing soft tissue (e.g., tendons and ligaments).
description: Transactions on Additive Manufacturing Meets Medicine, Vol. 4 No. S1 (2022): Trans. AMMM Supplement
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ ДИНАМИЧЕСКИЕ ВЯЗКОСТИ КРОВИ В ДИНАМИКЕ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОГО ХОЛЕСТАЗА
Creators: name: Ахмедов, К.Х.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Изменение реологических свойств крови является важным фактором нарушений микроциркуляции при развитии различных заболеваний. Структура кровотока в микрососудах определяется рядом факторов: неравномерным распределением концентрации эритроцитов, неравномерным распределением скоростей по поперечнику сосудистого просвета, деформируемостью эритроцитов, вязкостью плазмы.
First-principles based Monte Carlo modeling of oxygen deficient Fe-substituted SrTiO$_3$ experimental magnetization
Creators: name: Florez, Juan M.
name: Miquio, Miguel A. Solis
name: Estay, Emilio A. Cortés
name: Morell, Eric Suárez
name: Ross, Caroline A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ferroics based on transition-metal (TM) substituted SrTiO$_{3}$ have called much attention as magnetism and/or ferroelectricity can be tuned by using cations substitution and defects, strain and/or oxygen deficiency. C. A. Ross et al. [Phys. Rev. Applied 7, 024006 (2017)] demonstrated the SrTi$_{1-x}$Fe$_{x}$O$_{3-δ}$ (STF) magnetization behavior for different deposition oxygen-pressures, substrates and magnetic fields. The relation between oxygen deficiency and ferroic orders is yet to be well understood, for which the full potential of oxygen-stoichiometry engineered materials remain an open question. Here, we use hybrid-DFT to calculate different oxygen vacancy ($v_{o}$) states in STF with a variety of TM distributions. The resulting cations' magnetic states and alignments associated to the $v_{o}$ ground-states for $x=\{0.125,0.25\}$ are used within a Monte Carlo scope for collinear magnetism to simulate the spontaneous magnetization. Our model captures several experimental STF features i.e., display a maximum of the magnetization at intermediate number of vacancies, a monotonous quenching from $\sim{0.35}μ{_{B}}$ for small $δ$, and a slower decreasing of such saturation for larger number of vacancies. Moreover, our approach gives a further insight into the relations between defects stabilization and magnetization, vacancy density and the oxygen pressure required to maximize such ferroic order, and sets guidelines for future Machine Learning based computational synthesis of multiferroic oxides.
(100753) Mary Ann Brodie
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Building Proteins in a Day: Efficient 3D Molecular Reconstruction
Creators: name: Brubaker, Marcus A.
name: Punjani, Ali
name: Fleet, David J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Discovering the 3D atomic structure of molecules such as proteins and viruses is a fundamental research problem in biology and medicine. Electron Cryomicroscopy (Cryo-EM) is a promising vision-based technique for structure estimation which attempts to reconstruct 3D structures from 2D images. This paper addresses the challenging problem of 3D reconstruction from 2D Cryo-EM images. A new framework for estimation is introduced which relies on modern stochastic optimization techniques to scale to large datasets. We also introduce a novel technique which reduces the cost of evaluating the objective function during optimization by over five orders or magnitude. The net result is an approach capable of estimating 3D molecular structure from large scale datasets in about a day on a single workstation.
description: To be presented at IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) 2015
Change in waist circumference over 11 years and current waist circumference independently predict elevated CRP in Filipino women
Creators: name: Rutherford, Julienne N.
name: McDade, Thomas W.
name: Adair, Linda S.
name: Kuzawa, Christopher W.
name: Lee, Nanette R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: C-reactive protein, a marker of chronic, low-grade inflammation, is strongly associated with current central adiposity, and has been linked to elevated risk of cardiovascular disease. Less is known about the contribution of longitudinal change in waist circumference to current inflammation. We evaluated the extent to which current waist circumference and change over an 11-year interval contribute independently to low-grade systemic inflammation measured in a group of 1,294 women, 35–69 years, participating in the Cebu Longitudinal Nutrition and Health Survey in the Philippines. Waist circumference was measured at the time of blood draw for CRP analysis in 2005 and during an earlier survey in 1994. A waist circumference delta variable was constructed by subtracting current circumference from past circumference. We used logistic regression models to predict having an elevated plasma CRP concentration (3 mg/L<CRP<10 mg/L). Waist circumference in 2005 was a strong predictor of elevated CRP (OR 1.10, 95% CI=1.08,1.12, P<0.001). In combined models, increase in circumference over 11 years was a significant and independent predictor of elevated CRP risk (OR=1.023, 95% CI=1.00,1.05, P<0.05). Considering the average increase over time, the cumulative risk of elevated CRP due to increased central adiposity was 20.1%. However, women who reduced their waist circumference between 1994 and 2005 had greatly reduced risk (6.2%), suggesting that even long-term inflammatory burden can be reversed by weight loss. Although current waist circumference is an important contributor to risk of elevated systemic inflammation in this as in other populations, history of central adiposity may be an independent phenomenon.
Growth patterns in early childhood and final attained stature: Data from five birth cohorts from low- and middle-income countries
Creators: name: Stein, Aryeh D.
name: Bas, Isabelita
name: Victora, Cesar G.
name: Gigante, Denise P.
name: Wang, Meng
name: Martorell, Reynaldo
name: Sachdev, Harshpal Singh
name: Fall, Caroline H.D.
name: Norris, Shane A.
name: Adair, Linda S.
name: Bhargava, Santosh K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Growth failure is cumulative, and short stature is associated with multiple indices of reduced human capital. Few studies have been able to address in a single analysis both consideration of the timing of growth failure and comparison across populations. We analyzed data from birth cohorts in Brazil, Guatemala, India, the Philippines, and South Africa (n = 4,659). We used data on length at birth (available for three of the five cohorts), 12 mo, 24 mo, and mid-childhood to construct cohort- and sex- specific conditional length measures. We modeled adult height as a function of conditional length in childhood. The five cohorts experienced varying degrees of growth failure. As adults, the Brazil sample was 0.35 ± 0.89 standard deviations (SD) below the World Health Organization reference, while adult Guatemalans were 1.91 ± 0.87 SD below the reference. All five cohorts experienced a nadir in height for age Z-score at 24 mo. Birth length (in the three cohorts with this variable), and conditional length at 12 mo (in all five cohorts) were the most strongly associated with adult height. Growth in the periods 12–24 mo and 24 mo to mid-childhood showed inconsistent patterns across tertiles of adult height. Despite variation in the magnitude of cumulative growth failure across cohorts, the five cohorts show highly consistent age-specific associations with adult stature. Growth failure prior to age 12 mo was most strongly associated with adult stature. These consistencies speak to the importance of interventions to address intrauterine growth failure and growth failure in the first 12 mo of life. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
La riforma del Sistema Sanitario Ligure: alcuni strumenti per la misurazione dell'impatto economico
Creators: name: GIACHELLO, MARTA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli studi di Genova
Year: 2020

description: Ligurian healthcare policies have an essential rule in the Italian background: indeed, Ligurian median age is higher than the Italian median age (49 years vs 45,4 years, according to Istat January 1st, 20219). Moreover, the Ligurian share of the elderly population (people aged over 65 years) is one of the most elevated (28,5% vs 22,8% in Italy, according to Istat 2019). Compare with the other Italian regions, Ligurian healthcare system faced ageing population problem in advanced, with all the implication concerning the increasing healthcare needs. These characteristics make Liguria a sort of pioneer in the adoption of some reforms; for this reason, results interesting to study some peculiar aspects. Three chapters compose this work. The first chapter aims to analyse the recent reform of the Ligurian Regional Health Service. The new organisational structure is based on a network model in order to cope with the complex patients' needs and their paths of care. The reform has maintained the previous Local Health Authorities (LHA), but their activity is now coordinated by a new holding organisation, A.Li.Sa. and by the Regional Departments (DIAR). The goal of the research is twofold. Firstly it is described how A.Li.Sa and the University have cooperated in facilitating the change through an extended training activity. Secondly, the aim is to evaluate the first impact of the reforms concerning a specific case involving the cardiovascular surgical area. The second chapter studies the Ligurian Breast Units' network, given that Liguria is one of the first Italian regions to have realised it. This network is specialised in the prevention, diagnosis, and care of breast cancer with a methodology based on an integrated approach to the disease (Disease management), which has the aim to improve clinical outcomes and services' quality. The objective of this study is to evaluate the Breast Unit network impact in terms of some indicators: appropriateness, quality, efficiency, costs of diagnosis path, and healthcare spending. In closing, the third chapter analysed Patients' mobility, that is a critical issue for universalistic healthcare systems, which are organised by decentralised institutional structure and are financed by general taxation. In Italy, healthcare mobility is a right for the patient who is free to choose the healthcare provider (dlgs. 502/92) with the purpose to guarantee the equity of access. The principles of equity of access and financial sustainability generate a trade-off which characterises the patients' mobility. The healthcare mobility is a debt toward the other regions that have provided the healthcare services. This study aims to analyse the main drivers of interregional patients' mobility for surgical procedures of hip and knee substitution and to define homogeneous mobility risk groups.
Steering in spin tomographic probability representation
Creators: name: Man'ko, V. I.
name: Markovich, L. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The steering property known for two qubit-state in terms of specific inequalities for correlation function is translated for the state of qudit with the spin $j=3/2$. Since most steering detection inequalities are based on the correlation functions we introduce analogs of such functions for the single qudit systems. The tomographic probability representation for the qudit states is applied. The connection between the correlation function in two qubit system and the single qudit is presented in an integral form with a intertwining kernel calculated explicitly in tomographic probability terms.
description: 7 pages
Instability conditions for some periodic BGK waves in the Vlasov-Poisson system
Creators: name: Pankavich, Stephen
name: Allen, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A one-dimensional, collisionless plasma given by the Vlasov-Poisson system is considered and the stability properties of periodic steady state solutions known as Bernstein-Greene-Kruskal (BGK) waves are investigated. Sufficient conditions are determined under which BGK waves are linearly unstable under perturbations that share the same period as the equilibria. It is also shown that such solutions cannot support a monotonically decreasing particle distribution function.
description: 8 pages; PACS codes 52.25.Dg, 02.30.Jr, 52.35.-g
Association between cooking fuels and mild cognitive impairment among older adults from six low- and middle-income countries.
Creators: name: Smith, Lee
name: Pizzol, Damiano
name: López Sánchez, Guillermo F
name: Kostev, Karel
name: Oh, Hans
name: Jacob, Louis
name: Veronese, Nicola
name: Underwood, Benjamin R
name: Butler, Laurie
name: Barnett, Yvonne
name: Tully, Mark A
name: Koyanagi, Ai
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: Article
/692/700
/692/700/459
/692/700/478
article

description: There is a small body of evidence suggesting that unclean cooking fuel use may be associated with cognitive decline. However, to date, no study has investigated the association between unclean cooking fuel and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Thus, we investigated the association between cooking fuel type or ventilation type and MCI among adults aged ≥ 65 years using nationally representative datasets from six low- and middle-income countries. Cross-sectional, community-based data from the World Health Organization (WHO) Study on global Ageing and adult health (SAGE) were analyzed. MCI was defined using the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association criteria. Unclean cooking fuel referred to kerosene/paraffin, coal/charcoal, wood, agriculture/crop, animal dung, and shrubs/grass. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess associations. Data on 13,623 individuals were analyzed [mean (SD) age 72.8 (11.0) years; 45.5% males]. Unclean cooking fuel (vs. clean cooking fuel) was associated with a significant 1.48 (95% CI = 1.08-2.03) times higher odds for MCI. Having no chimney or hood for cooking ventilation was also associated with significantly higher odds for MCI (OR = 1.88; 95% CI = 1.25-2.84). Unclean cooking fuel use and lack of chimney or hood for cooking ventilation were associated with higher odds for MCI. Findings support the implementation of the United Nations Sustainable Goal 7, which advocates affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all, as this may also help reduce MCI and ultimately dementia.
C-reactive protein by pregnancy and lactational status among Filipino young adult women
Creators: name: Adair, Linda S.
name: Kuzawa, Christopher W.
name: Borja, Judith
name: McDade, Thomas W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Pregnancy and lactation involve adaptations in immune regulation, but little is known about cross-cultural variation in inflammatory changes during pregnancy or lactation. Here we report concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) in a large cross-sectional sample of healthy Filipino women who vary in parity, gestational and lactational status, and who come from a population previously described as having low CRP.
The electromagnetic decays of the charmed and bottom baryons in chiral perturbation theory
Creators: name: Jiang, Nan
name: Chen, Xiao-Lin
name: Zhu, Shi-Lin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated the electromagnetic decays of the antitriplet and sextet charmed baryon systems with $J^P= \frac{1}{2}^+, \frac{3}{2}^+$ in the framework of the heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory. We first construct the chiral Lagrangians at $O(p^2)$ and $O(p^3)$. Then we calculate the electromagnetic (EM) decay amplitudes of the charmed baryon systems up to $O(p^3)$. With the help of the quark model, we estimate the low energy constants. The numerical results of the EM decay widths show good convergence of the chiral expansion. We notice that the two neutral EM decay processes $Ξ_c'^0\rightarrowγ+Ξ_c^0$ and ${Ξ_c^*}'^0\rightarrowγ+Ξ_c^0$ are strongly suppressed by the SU(3) U-spin flavor symmetry. With the same formalism, we also estimate the EM decay widths of the bottomed baryons. The EM decay widths of the heavy baryons may be measured at facilities such as LHCb and JPARC. The explicit chiral structures of the heavy baryon decay amplitudes derived in this work may be useful to the possible chiral extrapolations of the future lattice simulations of these EM decay amplitudes.
Prenatal and postnatal energetic conditions and sex steroids levels across the first year of life
Creators: name: Thompson, Amanda L.
name: Michelle, Lampl
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Human biologists have documented variability in reproductive maturation, fertility, and cancer risk related to developmental conditions. Yet no previous studies have directly examined the impact of pre- and post-natal energetic environments on sex steroids in infancy, a critical period for hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis development. Thus, we examined the impact of maternal characteristics, birth size, and feeding practices on fecal sex steroid production in a longitudinal sample of 31 American infants followed from 2 weeks to 12 months of age.
General fixed points of quasi-local frustration-free quantum semigroups: from invariance to stabilization
Creators: name: Johnson, Peter D.
name: Ticozzi, Francesco
name: Viola, Lorenza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate under which conditions a mixed state on a finite-dimensional multipartite quantum system may be the unique, globally stable fixed point of frustration-free semigroup dynamics subject to specified quasi-locality constraints. Our central result is a linear-algebraic necessary and sufficient condition for a generic (full-rank) target state to be frustration-free quasi-locally stabilizable, along with an explicit procedure for constructing Markovian dynamics that achieve stabilization. If the target state is not full-rank, we establish sufficiency under an additional condition, which is naturally motivated by consistency with pure-state stabilization results yet provably not necessary in general. Several applications are discussed, of relevance to both dissipative quantum engineering and information processing, and non-equilibrium quantum statistical mechanics. In particular, we show that a large class of graph product states (including arbitrary thermal graph states) as well as Gibbs states of commuting Hamiltonians are frustration-free stabilizable relative to natural quasi-locality constraints. Likewise, we provide explicit examples of non-commuting Gibbs states and non-trivially entangled mixed states that are stabilizable despite the lack of an underlying commuting structure, albeit scalability to arbitrary system size remains in this case an open question.
description: 44 pages, main results are improved, several proofs are more streamlined, application section is refined
(100755) Stephen Poutney Barton
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
The effects of market integration on childhood growth and nutritional status: The dual burden of under- and over-nutrition in the Northern Ecuadorian Amazon: Indigenous Childhood Nutritional Status
Creators: name: Houck, Kelly
name: Sorensen, Mark V.
name: Alban, Dayuma
name: Doljanin, Citlali
name: Lu, Flora
name: Alvarez, Kati
name: Hidobro, David
name: Ona, Ana Isabel
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Market integration is an important source of cultural change exposing indigenous populations to epidemiologic and nutrition transitions. As children and adolescents are biologically sensitive to the health effects of market integration, we examine community variation of anthropometric indicators of nutritional status and growth among a cross-cultural sample of Kichwa, Shuar, Huaorani and Cofán indigenous groups in the northern Ecuadorian Amazon.
Correlation Analysis of Genetic Admixture and Social Identification with Body Mass Index in a Native American Community
Creators: name: Wilhelmsen, Kirk C.
name: Ehlers, Cindy L.
name: Norden-Krichmar, Trina M.
name: Schork, Nicholas J.
name: Libiger, Ondrej
name: Gizer, Ian R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: OBJECTIVES: Body mass index (BMI) is a well-known measure of obesity with a multitude of genetic and non-genetic determinants. Identifying the underlying factors associated with BMI is difficult because of its multifactorial etiology that varies as a function of geoethnic background and socioeconomic setting. Thus, we pursued a study exploring the influence of the degree of Native American admixture on BMI (as well as weight and height individually) in a community sample of Native Americans (n = 846) while accommodating a variety of socioeconomic and cultural factors.

METHODS: Participants' degree of Native American (NA) ancestry was estimated using a genome-wide panel of markers. The participants also completed an extensive survey of cultural and social identity measures: the Indian Culture Scale (ICS) and the Orthogonal Cultural Identification Scale (OCIS). Multiple linear regression was used to examine the relation between these measures and BMI.

RESULTS: Our results suggest that BMI is correlated positively with the proportion of NA ancestry. Age was also significantly associated with BMI, while gender and socioeconomic measures (education and income) were not. For the two cultural identity measures, the ICS showed a positive correlation with BMI, while OCIS was not associated with BMI.

CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, these results suggest that genetic and cultural environmental factors, rather than socioeconomic factors, account for a substantial proportion of variation in BMI in this population. Further, significant correlations between degree of NA ancestry and BMI suggest that admixture mapping may be appropriate to identify loci associated with BMI in this population.
A Family of Finite-Dimensional Representations of Generalized Double Affine Hecke Algebras of Higher Rank
Creators: name: Fu, Yuchen
name: Shelley-Abrahamson, Seth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We give explicit constructions of some finite-dimensional representations of generalized double affine Hecke algebras (GDAHA) of higher rank using $R$-matrices for $U_q(\mathfrak{sl}_N)$. Our construction is motivated by an analogous construction of Silvia Montarani in the rational case. Using the Drinfeld-Kohno theorem for Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov differential equations, we prove that the explicit representations we produce correspond to Montarani's representations under a monodromy functor introduced by Etingof, Gan, and Oblomkov.
Exploring secular changes in the association between BMI and waist circumference in Mexican-origin and white women: a comparison of Mexico and the United States
Creators: name: Popkin, Barry M.
name: Albrecht, Sandra S.
name: Barquera, Simon
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: BMI and waist circumference (WC) tend to be highly correlated, but changes in lifestyle behaviors may promote greater accumulation of abdominal fat for the same BMI in recent years. We examined secular shifts in BMI and WC distributions, and investigated whether WC for a given BMI has changed over time among Mexican-origin women in Mexico and the U.S., and in U.S. white women as a comparison.
(100750) Hannah Sarah Lawrence
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Lattice Percolation Approach to Numerical Modeling of Tissue Aging
Creators: name: Privman, Vladimir
name: Gorshkov, Vyacheslav
name: Libert, Sergiy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We describe a percolation-type approach to modeling of the processes of aging and certain other properties of tissues analyzed as systems consisting of interacting cells. Tissues are considered as structures made of regular healthy, senescent, dead (apoptotic) cells, and studied dynamically, with the ongoing processes including regular cell division to fill vacant sites left by dead cells, healthy cells becoming senescent or dying, and other processes. Statistical-mechanics description can provide patterns of time dependence and snapshots of morphological system properties. An illustrative application of the developed theoretical modeling approach is reported, confirming recent experimental findings that inhibition of senescence can lead to extended lifespan.
Pathogenic and Obesogenic Factors Associated with Inflammation in Chinese Children, Adolescents and Adults
Creators: name: Gordon-Larsen, Penny
name: Popkin, Barry
name: Du, Shufa
name: Thompson, Amanda L.
name: Zhang, Bing
name: Houck, Kelly M.
name: Adair, Linda
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Influenced by pathogen exposure and obesity, inflammation provides a critical biological pathway linking changing environments to the development of cardiometabolic disease. This study tests the relative contribution of obesogenic and pathogenic factors to moderate and acute CRP elevations in Chinese children, adolescents and adults.
Galaxy Clustering in the Mira-Titan Universe I: Emulators for the redshift space galaxy correlation function and galaxy-galaxy lensing
Creators: name: Kwan, Juliana
name: Saito, Shun
name: Leauthaud, Alexie
name: Heitmann, Katrin
name: Habib, Salman
name: Frontiere, Nicholas
name: Guo, Hong
name: Huang, Song
name: Pope, Adrian
name: Rodríguez-Torres, Sergio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct accurate emulators for the projected and redshift space galaxy correlation functions and excess surface density as measured by galaxy-galaxy lensing, based on Halo Occupation Distribution (HOD) modeling. Using the complete Mira-Titan suite of 111 $N$-body simulations, our emulators vary over eight cosmological parameters and include the effects of neutrino mass and dynamical dark energy. We demonstrate that our emulators are sufficiently accurate for the analysis of the BOSS DR12 CMASS galaxy sample over the range 0.5 < r < 50 Mpc/h. Furthermore, we show that our emulators are capable of recovering unbiased cosmological constraints from realistic mock catalogs over the same range. Our mock catalog tests show the efficacy of combining small scale galaxy-galaxy lensing with redshift space clustering and that we can constrain the growth rate and σ_8 to 7% and 4.5% respectively for a CMASS-like sample using only the measurements covered by our emulator. With the inclusion of a CMB prior on H_0, this reduces to a 2% measurement on the growth rate.
description: 31 pages, 13 figures, revised to match published version
Carlo d'Asburgo o Filippo d'Angi�? Il fenomeno corsaro durante la guerra per la successione all'ultimo Austrias di Spagna
Creators: name: DECIA, TAMARA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli studi di Genova
Year: 2020

description: This research aims to contribute to the studies regarding maritime and naval history. The subject is the privateering in the Italian's coasts during the War of the Spanish Succession (1702-1713). The work will analyse the beginning of this event and his growth in the differents areas ruled by the Austrias or the Bourbons like the Marquisat of Finale, the Kingdoms of Naples, Sicily and Sardinia but also in the neutrals areas like the seas controlled by the Republic of Genoa or by the Gran Duchy of Tuscany.
Genome-wide Linkage Analysis of Pulse Pressure in American Indians: The Strong Heart Study
Creators: name: North, Kari E.
name: Howard, Barbara V.
name: Roman, Mary J.
name: Rose, Kathreen M.
name: Laston, Sandy
name: MacCluer, Jean W.
name: Best, Lyle G.
name: Lee, Elisa T.
name: Göring, Harald H.H.
name: Rutherford, Sue
name: Cole, Shelley A.
name: Franceschini, Nora
name: Fabsitz, Richard R.
name: Diego, Vincent P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Pulse pressure, a measure of central arterial stiffness and a predictor of cardiovascular mortality, has known genetic components.
A different view of wind in X-ray binaries: The Accretion Disc Corona source 2S 0921-630
Creators: name: Tomaru, Ryota
name: Done, Chris
name: Odaka, Hirokazu
name: Tanimoto, Atsushi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accretion disc coronae (ADC) sources are very high inclination neutron star or black hole binaries, where the outer accretion flow blocks a direct view of the central source. The weak observed X-ray emission is instead produced mainly by scattering of the intrinsic radiation from highly ionised gas surrounding the source, the ADC. However, the origin of this scattering material is still under debate. We use the ADC source 2S 0921-630 (V395 Car) to test whether it is consistent with a thermal-radiative wind produced by the central X-ray source illuminating and puffing up the outer disc. This wind is clearly visible in blueshifted absorption lines in less highly inclined systems, where the source is seen directly through this material. Using the phenomenological photoionised plasma model, we first characterise the parameter that drives emission lines observed in 2S0921 in XMM-Newton and Chandra data. Following this, we run the Monte Carlo radiation transfer simulation to get scattered/reprocessed emissions in the wind, with the density and velocity structure obtained from the previous work. Our model agrees with all the wind emission lines in the Chandra high and medium energy grating spectra for an intrinsic source luminosity of L > 0.2 LEdd. This result strongly favours thermal-radiative winds as the origin of the ADC. We also show how high-resolution spectra via microcalorimeters can provide a definitive test by detecting blueshifted absorption lines.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, accepted by MNRAS