cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Ethical considerations for HIV cure-related research at the end of life
Creators: name: Gianella, Sara
name: Patel, Hursch
name: Kaytes, Andy
name: Philpott-Jones, Sean
name: Luter, Stuart
name: Concha-Garcia, Susan
name: Javadi, Sogol
name: Dubé, Karine
name: Mathur, Kushagra
name: Little, Susan J
name: Brown, Brandon
name: Taylor, Jeff
name: Nathan, Anshula
name: Smith, Davey
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2018

description: Abstract
                Background
                The U.S. National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) and the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) have a new research priority: inclusion of terminally ill persons living with HIV (PLWHIV) in HIV cure-related research. For example, the Last Gift is a clinical research study at the University of California San Diego (UCSD) for PLWHIV who have a terminal illness, with a prognosis of less than 6 months.
                Discussion
                As end-of-life (EOL) HIV cure research is relatively new, the scientific community has a timely opportunity to examine the related ethical challenges. Following an extensive review of the EOL and HIV cure research ethics literature, combined with deliberation from various stakeholders (biomedical researchers, PLWHIV, bioethicists, and socio-behavioral scientists) and our experience with the Last Gift study to date, we outline considerations to ensure that such research with terminally ill PLWHIV remains ethical, focusing on five topics: 1) protecting autonomy through informed consent, 2) avoiding exploitation and fostering altruism, 3) maintaining a favorable benefits/risks balance, 4) safeguarding against vulnerability through patient-participant centeredness, and 5) ensuring the acceptance of next-of-kin/loved ones and community stakeholders.
                Conclusion
                EOL HIV cure-related research can be performed ethically and effectively by anticipating key issues that may arise. While not unique to the fields of EOL or HIV cure-related research, the considerations highlighted can help us support a new research approach. We must honor the lives of PLWHIV whose involvement in research can provide the knowledge needed to achieve the dream of making HIV infection curable.
Demistify: A large-eddy simulation (LES) and single-column model (SCM) intercomparison of radiation fog
Creators: name: Boutle, Ian
name: Angevine, Wayne
name: Bao, Jian-Wen
name: Bergot, Thierry
name: Bhattacharya, Ritthik
name: Bott, Andreas
name: Ducongé, Leo
name: Forbes, Richard
name: Goecke, Tobias
name: Grell, Evelyn
name: Hill, Adrian
name: Igel, Adele L.
name: Kudzotsa, Innocent
name: Lac, Christine
name: Maronga, Bjorn
name: Romakkaniemi, Sami
name: Schmidli, Juerg
name: Schwenkel, Johannes
name: Steeneveld, Gert-Jan
name: Vié, Benoît
Publisher: name: Katlenburg-Lindau : EGU
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: aerosol
subject: cloud droplet
subject: cloud microphysics
subject: column
subject: computer simulation
subject: concentration (composition)
subject: experimental study
subject: fog
subject: large eddy simulation
subject: numerical model
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::550 | Geowissenschaften

description: An intercomparison between 10 single-column (SCM) and 5 large-eddy simulation (LES) models is presented for a radiation fog case study inspired by the Local and Non-local Fog Experiment (LANFEX) field campaign. Seven of the SCMs represent single-column equivalents of operational numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, whilst three are research-grade SCMs designed for fog simulation, and the LESs are designed to reproduce in the best manner currently possible the underlying physical processes governing fog formation. The LES model results are of variable quality and do not provide a consistent baseline against which to compare the NWP models, particularly under high aerosol or cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) conditions. The main SCM bias appears to be toward the overdevelopment of fog, i.e. fog which is too thick, although the inter-model variability is large. In reality there is a subtle balance between water lost to the surface and water condensed into fog, and the ability of a model to accurately simulate this process strongly determines the quality of its forecast. Some NWP SCMs do not represent fundamental components of this process (e.g. cloud droplet sedimentation) and therefore are naturally hampered in their ability to deliver accurate simulations. Finally, we show that modelled fog development is as sensitive to the shape of the cloud droplet size distribution, a rarely studied or modified part of the microphysical parameterisation, as it is to the underlying aerosol or CDNC. © 2022 Ian Boutle et al.
title: Volker Michael Strocka (ed.), Meisterwerke. Internationales Symposion anläßlich des 150. Geburtstag von Adolf Furtwängler
Creators: name: Gasparri, Carlo
Publisher: name: University Library Heidelberg
Year: 2016

description: Rezension zu: Volker Michael Strocka (ed.), Meisterwerke. Internationales Symposion anläßlich des 150. Geburtstag von Adolf Furtwängler. Freiburg i. B. 30. Juni – 3. Juli 2003. Casa editrice Hirmer, Monaco di Baviera 2005. 352 pagine, 283 illustrazioni.
Ultra-Dilute Gas of Polarons in a Bose–Einstein Condensate
Creators: name: Ardila, Luis A. Peña
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Gas of impurities
subject: Induced interaction
subject: Polaron–polaron interaction
subject: Quantum–Monte Carlo
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: We investigate the properties of a dilute gas of impurities embedded in an ultracold gas of bosons that forms a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC). This work focuses mainly on the equation of state (EoS) of the impurity gas at zero temperature and the induced interaction between impurities mediated by the host bath. We use perturbative field-theory approaches, such as Hugenholtz– Pines formalism, in the weakly interacting regime. In turn, for strong interactions, we aim at non-perturbative techniques such as quantum–Monte Carlo (QMC) methods. Our findings agree with experimental observations for an ultra dilute gas of impurities, modeled in the framework of the single impurity problem; however, as the density of impurities increases, systematic deviations are displayed with respect to the one-body Bose polaron problem. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Effect of winding edge currents
Creators: name: Ouvry, Stephane
name: Pastur, Leonid
name: Yanovsky, Andrey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss persistent currents for particles with internal degrees of freedom. The currents arise because of winding properties essential for the chaotic motion of the particles in a confined geometry. The currents do not change the particle concentrations or thermodynamics, similar to the skipping orbits in a magnetic field.
description: 17 pages, 3 figures
Coherent Excitation of the Highly Forbidden Electric Octupole Transition in Yb+ 172
Creators: name: Fürst, H.A.
name: Yeh, C.-H.
name: Kalincev, D.
name: Kulosa, A.P.
name: Dreissen, L.S.
name: Lange, R.
name: Benkler, E.
name: Huntemann, N.
name: Peik, E.
name: Mehlstäubler, T.E.
Publisher: name: College Park, MD : American Physical Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Isotopes
subject: Trapped ions
subject: Coherent excitations
subject: Electric octupole transition
subject: Electric quadrupoles
subject: Isotope shifts
subject: Local lorentz invariances
subject: New physics
subject: Nuclear spins
subject: Transition frequencies
subject: Electric excitation
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: We report on the first coherent excitation of the highly forbidden S21/2?F27/2 electric octupole (E3) transition in a single trapped Yb+172 ion, an isotope without nuclear spin. Using the transition in Yb+171 as a reference, we determine the transition frequency to be 642 116 784 950 887.6(2.4) Hz. We map out the magnetic field environment using the forbidden S21/2?D25/2 electric quadrupole (E2) transition and determine its frequency to be 729 476 867 027 206.8(4.4) Hz. Our results are a factor of 1×105 (3×105) more accurate for the E2 (E3) transition compared to previous measurements. The results open up the way to search for new physics via precise isotope shift measurements and improved tests of local Lorentz invariance using the metastable F27/2 state of Yb+. © 2020 authors. Published by the American Physical Society. Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.
Blue blocking glasses worn at night in first year higher education students with sleep complaints: a feasibility study
Creators: name: Jones, Steven
name: Van Meter, Anna
name: Youngstrom, Eric
name: Perez Algorta, Guillermo
name: Lobban, Fiona
name: Dubicka, Bernadka
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2018

description: Abstract
                Background
                Late adolescence and early adulthood is a period of highest incidence for onset of mental health problems. Transition to college environment has been associated with many risk factors such as the initial disruption—and subsequent irregularity—of the student’s sleep and activity schedule. We tested the feasibility of using blue blocking glasses (BBG) at night in first year higher education students with sleep complaints, to obtain preliminary evidence for the impact of BBG on sleep, activity, and mood.
                Methods
                Participants were 13 first year undergraduates (from 10 different academic courses) living on campus for the first time with sleep complaints/disorders confirmed at screening via the Duke Structured Interview Schedule for Sleep Disorders. We used a 2-week, balanced crossover design (BBG vs placebo glasses; participants were unaware which was the active intervention) with computer-generated random allocation. Exploratory analyses provided descriptive and frequency summaries to evaluate feasibility of the intervention.
                Results
                Preliminary evidence supports the feasibility and acceptability of the trial; almost all screened participants consented and completed the protocol with high adherence; missing data were negligible. Additionally, the effectiveness of BBGs to enhance sleep, mood, and activity levels in young adults was supported.
                Conclusions
                The results of this feasibility trial suggest that BBG have potential as an inexpensive and feasible intervention for reducing sleep and circadian dysregulation in young adult students. A larger trial, following this successfully implemented protocol, is necessary to fully test the efficacy of BBG.
MOS-Sandwich-Gitter-Diode zur Erzeugung von Feldionisationsfeldstärken an der Phasengrenze Festkörper/Gas
Creators: name: Gentsch, H.
name: Prüller, H.
Publisher: name: Berlin : De Gruyter
Year: 1971
Subjects: subject: MOS-Sandwich-Gitter-Diode
subject: E-Feld
subject: SGD
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: The sandwich grid diode is a new means of producing extremly high elektrical fields at a solid surface. The ability to ionize gases and to produce field electrons with such a thin film system permits an estimate of the maximal field strength. It is interesting to note, that with this diode one can produce fields higher than 5-107 V/cm in gases up to atmospheric pressure without the risk of a discharge. This fact may become of some importance for the study of field induced desorption and catalysis.
Applying GRADE-CERQual to qualitative evidence synthesis findings—paper 2: how to make an overall CERQual assessment of confidence and create a Summary of Qualitative Findings table
Creators: name: Glenton, Claire
name: Tunçalp, Özge
name: Noyes, Jane
name: Lewin, Simon
name: Bohren, Meghan
name: Rashidian, Arash
name: Booth, Andrew
name: Munthe-Kaas, Heather
name: Carlsen, Benedicte
name: Tucker, Joseph
name: Colvin, Christopher J
name: Garside, Ruth
name: Wainwright, Megan
name: Flottorp, Signe
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2018

description: Abstract Background The GRADE-CERQual (Confidence in Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research) approach has been developed by the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) Working Group. The approach has been developed to support the use of findings from qualitative evidence syntheses in decision making, including guideline development and policy formulation. CERQual includes four components for assessing how much confidence to place in findings from reviews of qualitative research (also referred to as qualitative evidence syntheses): (1) methodological limitations, (2) coherence, (3) adequacy of data and (4) relevance. This paper is part of a series providing guidance on how to apply CERQual and focuses on making an overall assessment of confidence in a review finding and creating a CERQual Evidence Profile and a CERQual Summary of Qualitative Findings table. Methods We developed this guidance by examining the methods used by other GRADE approaches, gathering feedback from relevant research communities and developing consensus through project group meetings. We then piloted the guidance on several qualitative evidence syntheses before agreeing on the approach. Results Confidence in the evidence is an assessment of the extent to which a review finding is a reasonable representation of the phenomenon of interest. Creating a summary of each review finding and deciding whether or not CERQual should be used are important steps prior to assessing confidence. Confidence should be assessed for each review finding individually, based on the judgements made for each of the four CERQual components. Four levels are used to describe the overall assessment of confidence: high, moderate, low or very low. The overall CERQual assessment for each review finding should be explained in a CERQual Evidence Profile and Summary of Qualitative Findings table. Conclusions Structuring and summarising review findings, assessing confidence in those findings using CERQual and creating a CERQual Evidence Profile and Summary of Qualitative Findings table should be essential components of undertaking qualitative evidence syntheses. This paper describes the end point of a CERQual assessment and should be read in conjunction with the other papers in the series that provide information on assessing individual CERQual components.
Target-site and non-target site resistance mechanisms are associated with iodosulfuron resistance in Lolium perenne L.
Creators: name: Ghanizadeh, Hossein
name: Buddenhagen, Chris
name: Griffiths, Andrew
name: Harrington, Kerry
name: Ngow, Zachary
Publisher: name: AgResearch
Year: 2023
Subjects: Crop and pasture protection (incl. pests, diseases and weeds)

description: Resistance to iodosulfuron, a herbicide targeting acetolactate synthase (ALS), was identified and characterised in a population of Lolium perenne L. from Canterbury, New Zealand. The resistant population was 264 times more resistant to iodosulfuron than a susceptible population, based on a ratio of the rate corresponding to a 50% reduction in resistant and susceptible plant survival (R/S LD50). The resistant population was also 14-times more resistant to nicosulfuron, another ALS-inhibitor of the same class. However, no resistance to imazapyr, an ALS-inhibitor from a different chemical class, was detected in the resistant population. Pre-treatment with an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 reduced the level of iodosulfuron resistance to 46-fold in the resistant population, suggesting enhanced herbicide metabolism, a non-target site mechanism, contributed to resistance of this herbicide. In addition, a proline to leucine substitution at codon 197 was detected, suggesting a target-site-based mechanism was also associated with resistance to iodosulfuron. This is the first report on the resistance mechanisms to ALS-inhibiting herbicides identified in Lolium perenne in New Zealand and highlights the importance of integrated weed management approaches to reduce the likelihood of ALS-inhibitor herbicide resistance becoming more widespread.
Internal Cluster Structure
Creators: name: Bartelmann, Matthias
name: Limousin, Marceau
name: Meneghetti, Massimo
name: Schmidt, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The core structure of galaxy clusters is fundamentally important. Even though self-gravitating systems have no stable equilibrium state due to their negative heat capacity, numerical simulations find density profiles which are universal in the sense that they are fairly flat within a scale radius and gradually steepen farther outward, asymptotically approaching a logarithmic slope of $\approx-3$ near the virial radius. We argue that the reason for the formation of this profile is not satisfactorily understood. The ratio between the virial radius and the scale radius, the so-called concentration, is found in simulations to be closely related to the mass and the redshift and low for cluster-sized haloes, but observed to be substantially higher at least in a subset of observed clusters. Haloes formed from cold dark matter should furthermore be richly substructured. We review theoretical and observational aspects of cluster cores here, discuss modifications by baryonic physics and observables that can provide better insight into the internal structure of clusters.
description: Review paper. Accepted for publication in Space Science Reviews (eds: S. Ettori, M. Meneghetti). This is a product of the work done by an international team at the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) in Bern on "Astrophysics and Cosmology with Galaxy Clusters: the X-ray and lensing view"
Stability of quantum linear logic circuits against perturbations
Creators: name: Babushkin, Ihar
name: Morgner, Uwe
name: Demircan, Ayhan
Publisher: name: Bristol : IOP Publ.
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Linear optical computing
subject: Quantum computing
subject: Quantum optics
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: Here we study transformation of waveshapes of photons under the action of the linear logic circuits and other related architectures involving only linear optical networks and measurements. We show that the gates are working well not only in the case when all photons are separable and located in the same mode, but in some more general cases. For instance, the photonic waveshapes are allowed to be slightly different in different channels; in this case, Zeno effect prevents the photons from decoherence after the measurement, and the gate thus remains neutral to the small waveshape perturbations. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd Printed in the UK
Stillbirths and hospital early neonatal deaths at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre-Malawi
Creators: name: Muula, Adamson S
name: Metaferia, Aklilu M
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2009

description: Abstract Background Much of the data on still births and early neonatal deaths from resource-limited settings are obtained via maternal recall from national or community level surveys. While this approach results in useful information to be obtained, often such data suffer from significant recall bias and misclassification. In order to determine the prevalence of stillbirths (SB), early hospital neonatal death (EHND) and associated factors in Blantyre, Malawi, a prospective study of pregnant and post-natal women was conducted at the Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital (QECH), Malawi. Methods A prospective observational study was conducted between February 1, 2004 and October 30, 2005. Consecutive women attending the hospital for delivery were recruited. Data were collected on the health status of the fetus on admission to labor ward and immediately after delivery, whether alive or dead. Gestational age (GA) and birth weight (BW) and sex of the newborn were also noted. Similar data were also collected on the live births that died in the delivery room or nursery. Data were analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) statistical package. Results A total of 10,700 deliveries were conducted during the 12 months study period and of these deliveries, 845 (7.9%) were SB and EHND. Stillbirths comprised 3.4% of all deliveries; 20.2% of the ante-partum deaths occurred before the mother was admitted to the labor ward while a slightly higher proportion (22.7%) of fetal loss occurred during the process of labor and delivery. Fifty-sex percent of the perinatal deaths (PD) were EHND. The mean gestational age for the perinatal deaths was 34.7 weeks and mean birth weight was 2,155 g (standard deviation = 938 g). The majority, 468 (57.8%) of the perinatal deaths were males and 350 (43.2%) were females. Many of the perinatal deaths (57.9%) were deliveries between gestational ages of 20 and 37 weeks. Most (62.7%) of the mothers with a perinatal death had experienced a previous similar incident. Conclusion About 3.4% of all pregnant mothers past 20 weeks of gestation ended up in delivering a stillbirth; another 4.4% of the live births died before discharge from hospital, thus, 7.9% of pregnancy loss after 20 weeks (or 500 g estimated weight) of gestation. This is a higher loss when compared to international and regional data. We recommend attention be given to these unfavorable outcomes and preventive measures or intervention for preventable causes be considered seriously. These measures could include the provision of emergency obstetric care, improving access to deliveries by health professionals and resourcing of health facilities such that neonatal viability is promoted.
Rubus obscurus Kaltenbach
Creators: name: Becherer
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1956
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy

description: R. obscurus Kaltenbach l: Gebiet des Trient (nach R. Keller).
description: Published as part of Becherer, 1956, Florae Vallesiacae Supplementum, pp. 1-556 in Denkschriften der Schweizerischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 71 on pages 1-556
Neue Sesquisulfide der Lanthanoide im U2S3-Typ: Tb2S3 und Dy2S3
Creators: name: Schleid, T.
Publisher: name: Berlin : De Gruyter
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: Crystal Structure
subject: Lanthanide Sesquisulfides
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::540 | Chemie

description: New sesquisulfides of the lanthanides with the U2S3-type structure (M2S3, M = Tb and Dy) were prepared through the oxidation of TbClH0,67 and DyCl2, respectively, with appropriate amounts of sulfur in the presence of NaCl fluxes in silica protected sealed tantalum containers at 850 °C for at least seven days. The preparation from the elements (2M + 3S; M = Tb and Dy) under otherwise analogous reaction conditions and temperatures was also successful when equimolar fluxes of NaCl were applied. The crystal structure was determined from single crystal data for Tb2S3 and Dy2S3, both crystallizing with the U2S3-type structure (orthorhombic, Pnma, Z = 4; Tb2S3: a = 1067.87(8), b = 388.06(4), c = 1049.07(7) pm ; Dy2S3: a = 1062.45(7), b = 386.59(4), c = 1044.36(8) pm) when prepared under the above-mentioned conditions.
On the emissivity of wire-grid polarizers for astronomical observations at mm-wavelengths
Creators: name: Schillaci, Alessandro
name: Battistelli, Elia
name: Alessandro, Giuseppe D'
name: de Bernardis, Paolo
name: Masi, Silvia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have measured, using a custom setup, the emissivity of metallic wire-grids, suitable for polarimeters and interferometers at mm and far infrared wavelengths. We find that the effective emissivity of these devices is of the order of a few %, depending on fabrication technology and aging. We discuss their use in astronomical instruments, with special attention to Martin Puplett Interferometers in low-background applications, like astronomical observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background.
description: submitted to Infrared Physics and Technology
Algebraic Intermediate Hyperbolicities
Creators: name: Etesse, Antoine
name: Javanpeykar, Ariyan
name: Rousseau, Erwan
Publisher: name: Deutsche Mathematiker-Vereinigung
Year: 2022

description: We extend Lang's conjectures to the setting of intermediate hyperbolicity and prove two new results motivated by these conjectures. More precisely, we first extend the notion of algebraic hyperbolicity (originally introduced by Demailly) to the setting of intermediate hyperbolicity and show that this property holds if the appropriate exterior power of the cotangent bundle is ample. Then, we prove that this intermediate algebraic hyperbolicity implies the finiteness of the group of birational automorphisms and of the set of surjective maps from a given projective variety. Our work answers the algebraic analogue of a question of Kobayashi on analytic hyperbolicity.
description: DOCUMENTA MATHEMATICA, Vol 27 (2022), p. 2469-2490
Sufficient conditions for wave instability in three-component reaction-diffusion systems
Creators: name: Hata, Shigefumi
name: Nakao, Hiroya
name: Mikhailov, Alexander S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sufficient conditions for the wave instability in general three-component reaction-diffusion systems are derived. These conditions are expressed in terms of the Jacobian matrix of the uniform steady state of the system, and enable us to determine whether the wave instability can be observed as the mobility of one of the species is gradually increased. It is found that the instability can also occur if one of the three species does not diffuse. Our results provide a useful criterion for searching wave instabilities in reaction-diffusion systems of various origins.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures; typos corrected, acknowledges added
Shirley MacLaine PSAs on voting/Recording of Spider-Man cartoon
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Women--Political activity
Politics, Practical

description: Shirley MacLaine PSAs on voting (start-:33, 1:33-1:43, 2:19-2:39); gap of silence until 8:20, then recording of Spider-Man cartoon (8:20-end).
title: Pfahlbauten in Südwestdeutschland. Archäologische Anfänge und neue Wege der Forschung und Denkmalpflege
Creators: name: Schlichtherle, Helmut
Publisher: name: University Library Heidelberg
Year: 2016

description: Denkmalpflege in Baden-Württemberg – Nachrichtenblatt der Landesdenkmalpflege, Bd. 45, Nr. 1 (2016), Beginn und Erscheinungsfrequenz: Ausgaben pro Band: 4
Estimation of Health-State Utility Values and Factors Driving Health-Related Quality of Life in People Living with HIV and AIDS and Receiving cART in Germany: Baseline Analysis of a Cohort Study
Creators: name: Treskova, Martina
name: Scholz, Stefan
name: Kuhlmann, Alexander
name: Mahlich, Jörg
name: Stoll, Matthias
Publisher: name: Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Determinants of HRQoL
subject: EQ VAS
subject: EQ-5D
subject: Germany
subject: HIV
subject: PLWHA
subject: Quality of life
subject: TTO
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::100 | Philosophie::150 | Psychologie

description: HIV has become a chronic disease since widespread of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). Understanding the influence of therapeutic and preventive interventions on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA) is important. Information about health state utilities and HRQoL in PLWHA after the introduction of cART is limited, especially in Germany. The study aims to estimate and describe health state utilities and HRQoL in PLWHA in Germany and explore the effects of patient characteristics, clinical and treatment factors. Utilities and HRQoL in PLWHA in Germany were measured with the generic EQ-5D-3L questionnaire. Health state utilities were calculated based on the EQ-5D descriptive system using the German EQ-5D-3L time trade-off (TTO) value set. HRQoL was calculated based on the EQ visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS). Extensive descriptive analyses were performed to represent utility values for different groups of the patients. Generalized linear models (GLMs) with beta-inflated distributions were used to determine patient characteristics and clinical factors that influence TTO utilities and VAS scores. 1056 PLWHA completed the EQ-5D-3L questionnaires at the beginning of the study. The mean TTO utility value is 0.912 (SD ± 0.154), and the mean VAS HRQoL is 84.32 (SD ± 18.55). “Anxiety/depression” and “pain/physical discomfort” are the most affected dimensions. A longer period of living with HIV, a lower CD4-cell count, having symptomatic HIV or AIDS and an increased number of changes in therapy are associated with decreased utilities and a lower probability of having HRQoL of perfect health. No significant effect of duration of regimen was found. Depression significantly decreases TTO utility values. Higher education, full-time employment and female gender are associated with higher utilities. The resulted EQ-VAS values for PLWHA in Germany are comparable with EQ-VAS estimates for the general population. The obtained estimates can be used as inputs for health economic evaluations of HIV-interventions. Addressing anxiety and depression may reduce the quality of life impairment in PLWHA. Impact of comorbidities needs further investigation. © 2021, The Author(s).
Classified List of Projects in Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology -- Federal Bureaus, State Agricultural Experiment Stations, and Independent Institutions, Year Ended June 30, 1931
Creators: name: Youngblood, B.
name: Youngblood, B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1931
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Farm Management
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Production Economics
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: Excerpts from the report: This is the first attempt to bring together in a single volume a classified list of active research projects in agricultural economics and rural sociology for a particular year in Federal Bureaus, State Agricultural Experiment Stations, and independent institutions. The list probably falls short of completeness in both number of projects under way in the United States and interesting details. Since the close of the fiscal year, some of the projects listed have doubtless been completed or revised and others initiated. The present list includes a total of 816 projects, comprising 286 from the Bureau of Agricultural Economics, 4 from the Bureau of Home Economics, 500 from the State experiment stations, 1 from the Children's Bureau, United States Department of Labor, and 25 from independent institutions.
A case study of a real-time evaluation of the risk of disease transmission associated with a failure to follow recommended sterilization procedures
Creators: name: Kundrapu, Sirisha
name: Salata, Robert A
name: Donskey, Curtis J
name: Rutala, William A
name: Falck-Ytter, Yngve
name: Yowler, Marian
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2014

description: Abstract Background Failures to follow recommendations for reprocessing of surgical instruments may place patients at risk for exposure to pathogenic microorganisms. When such failures occur, medical facilities often face considerable uncertainty and challenges in assessing the actual risks of disease transmission. Methods In 2011, staff at an Ohio hospital determined that surgical instruments inside a Steriset Container had inadvertently been autoclaved on a gravity cycle rather than on the recommended pre-vacuum cycle, potentially exposing 72 patients who underwent surgery with the instruments to risk of infection. To provide an assessment of the level of risk, we tested the effectiveness of the machine washer/disinfector step and of the sterilization process inside the Steriset Container on the gravity cycle for killing of Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores, Clostridium difficile spores, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Based on the test results, the risk of transmission of MRSA by the instruments was calculated and the risk of transmission of hepatitis B virus was estimated. Results The machine washer/disinfector consistently reduced MRSA recovery by a factor of 1:100,000. The sterilization process inside the Steriset Container consistently reduced MRSA concentrations by a factor of >1:10,000,000 and killed 105 C. difficile spores and 105 G. stearothermophilus spores. The risk of MRSA transmission due to the incident was calculated to be 1 in 100 trillion. Conclusions The risk for transmission of infection due to the failure to follow recommended sterilization processes was negligible based upon complete killing of G. stearothermophilus biological indicator spores, C. difficile spores, and MRSA under conditions that replicated the incident where proper procedures were not followed. Such real-time assessments of the risks associated with specific incidents may provide evidence-based information that can be used to inform decisions regarding disclosure of the incident to patients.
Health systems research in fragile and conflict affected states: a qualitative study of associated challenges
Creators: name: Sondorp, Egbert
name: Woodward, Aniek
name: Martineau, Tim
name: Sheahan, Kate
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2017

description: Abstract Background High quality health systems research (HSR) in fragile and conflict-affected states (FCAS) is essential to guiding the policies and programmes that will improve access to health services and, ultimately, health outcomes. Yet, conducting HSR in FCAS is challenging. An understanding of these challenges is essential to tackling them and to supporting research conducted in these complex environments. Led by the Thematic Working Group on Health Systems in FCAS, the primary aim of this study was to develop a research agenda on HSR in FCAS. The secondary aim was to identify the challenges associated with conducting HSR in these contexts. This paper presents these challenges. Methods Guided by a purposely-selected steering group, this qualitative study collected respondents’ perspectives through an online survey (n = 61) and a group discussion at the Third Global Symposium on HSR in September 2014 (n = 11). Respondents with knowledge and/or experience of HSR in FCAS were intentionally recruited. Results Of those ever involved in HSR in FCAS (45/61, 75%), almost all (98%) experienced challenges in conducting their research. Challenges fall under three broad thematic areas: (1) lack of appropriate support; (2) complex local research environment, including access constraints, weak local research capacity, collaboration challenges and lack of trust in the research process; and (3) limited research application, including rapidly outdated findings and lack of engagement with the research process and results. Conclusions This study shows that those familiar with HSR in FCAS face many challenges in gaining support for and in conducting and applying high-quality research. There is a need for more sustainable support, including commitment to and long-term funding of HSR in FCAS; investment in capacity building within FCAS to meet the challenges related to implementation of research in these complex environments; relationship and trust building among stakeholders involved in HSR, particularly between local and international researchers and between researchers and participants; and innovative and flexible approaches to research design and implementation in these insecure and rapidly changing contexts.
Outskirts of Galaxy Clusters
Creators: name: Reiprich, Thomas H.
name: Basu, Kaustuv
name: Ettori, Stefano
name: Israel, Holger
name: Lovisari, Lorenzo
name: Molendi, Silvano
name: Pointecouteau, Etienne
name: Roncarelli, Mauro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Until recently, only about 10% of the total intracluster gas volume had been studied with high accuracy, leaving a vast region essentially unexplored. This is now changing and a wide area of hot gas physics and chemistry awaits discovery in galaxy cluster outskirts. Also, robust large-scale total mass profiles and maps are within reach. First observational and theoretical results in this emerging field have been achieved in recent years with sometimes surprising findings. Here, we summarize and illustrate the relevant underlying physical and chemical processes and review the recent progress in X-ray, Sunyaev--Zel'dovich, and weak gravitational lensing observations of cluster outskirts, including also brief discussions of technical challenges and possible future improvements.
description: 52 pages. Review paper. Accepted for publication in Space Science Reviews (eds: S. Ettori, M. Meneghetti). This is a product of the work done by an international team at the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) in Bern on "Astrophysics and Cosmology with Galaxy Clusters: the X-ray and Lensing View"
Association of glucose homeostasis measures with heart rate variability among Hispanic/Latino adults without diabetes: the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)
Creators: name: Cai, Jianwen
name: Gotman, Nathan M
name: Heiss, Gerardo
name: González, Hector M
name: Whitsel, Eric
name: Denes, Pablo
name: Arens, Raanan
name: Moreiras, Juan
name: Talavera, Gregory A
name: Daviglus, Martha L
name: Meyer, Michelle L
name: Soliman, Elsayed Z
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2016

description: Abstract Background Reduced heart rate variability (HRV), a measure of cardiac autonomic function, is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. Glucose homeostasis measures are associated with reduced cardiac autonomic function among those with diabetes, but inconsistent associations have been reported among those without diabetes. This study aimed to examine the association of glucose homeostasis measures with cardiac autonomic function among diverse Hispanic/Latino adults without diabetes. Methods The Hispanic community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL; 2008–2011) used two-stage area probability sampling of households to enroll 16,415 self-identified Hispanics/Latinos aged 18–74 years from four USA communities. Resting, standard 12-lead electrocardiogram recordings were used to estimate the following ultrashort-term measures of HRV: RR interval (RR), standard deviation of all normal to normal RR (SDNN) and root mean square of successive differences in RR intervals (RMSSD). Multivariable regression analysis was used to estimate associations between glucose homeostasis measures with HRV using data from 11,994 adults without diabetes (mean age 39 years; 52 % women). Results Higher fasting glucose was associated with lower RR, SDNN, and RMSSD. Fasting insulin and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance was negatively associated with RR, SDNN, and RMSSD, and the association was stronger among men compared with women. RMSSD was, on average, 26 % lower in men with higher fasting insulin and 29 % lower in men with lower insulin resistance; for women, the corresponding estimates were smaller at 4 and 9 %, respectively. Higher glycated hemoglobin was associated with lower RR, SDNN, and RMSSD in those with abdominal adiposity, defined by sex-specific cut-points for waist circumference, after adjusting for demographics and medication use. There were no associations between glycated hemoglobin and HRV measures among those without abdominal adiposity. Conclusions Impairment in glucose homeostasis was associated with lower HRV in Hispanic/Latino adults without diabetes, most prominently in men and individuals with abdominal adiposity. These results suggest that reduced cardiac autonomic function is associated with metabolic impairments before onset of overt diabetes in certain subgroups, offering clues for the pathophysiologic processes involved as well as opportunity for identification of those at high risk before autonomic control is manifestly impaired.
Heat, molecular vibrations, and adiabatic driving in non-equilibrium transport through interacting quantum dots
Creators: name: Haupt, F.
name: Leijnse, M.
name: Calvo, H. L.
name: Classen, L.
name: Splettstoesser, J.
name: Wegewijs, M. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article we review aspects of charge and heat transport in interacting quantum dots and molecular junctions under stationary and time-dependent non-equilibrium conditions due to finite electrical and thermal bias. In particular, we discuss how a discrete level spectrum can be beneficial for thermoelectric applications, and investigate the detrimental effects of molecular vibrations on the efficiency of a molecular quantum dot as an energy converter. In addition, we consider the effects of a slow time-dependent modulation of applied voltages on the transport properties of a quantum dot and show how this can be used as a spectroscopic tool complementary to standard dc-measurements. Finally, we combine time-dependent driving with thermoelectrics in a double-quantum dot system - a nanoscale analogue of a cyclic heat engine - and discuss its operation and the main limitations to its performance.
description: Review article submitted to PSS (b) for the special issue "Quantum transport at the molecular scale"
Resolution of the colocation problem in satellite quantum tests of the universality of free fall
Creators: name: Loriani, Sina
name: Schubert, Christian
name: Schlippert, Dennis
name: Ertmer, Wolfgang
name: Pereira Dos Santos, Franck
name: Rasel, Ernst Maria
name: Gaaloul, Naceur
name: Wolf, Peter
Publisher: name: College Park, MD : American Physical Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Condensed matter
subject: Nuclear physics
subject: Particles (Nuclear physics)
subject: Quantum gravity
subject: General relativity (Physics)
subject: Gravitation
subject: Fluid dynamics
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: A major challenge common to all Galilean drop tests of the universality of free fall (UFF) is the required control over the initial kinematics of the two test masses upon release due to coupling to gravity gradients and rotations. In this work, we consider a space-borne test of the UFF based on atom interferometry and show that this detrimental effect can be mitigated at the 10-18 level given an initial differential position (velocity) uncertainty in the order of μm (μm/s) of the test masses. This corresponds to a relaxation of the source control by several orders of magnitude with respect to comparable mission scenarios, such as the STE-QUEST mission proposal reported in [D. N. Aguilera et al., Classical Quantum Gravity 31, 115010 (2014)CQGRDG0264-938110.1088/0264-9381/31/11/115010]. Our twofold mitigation strategy extends a compensation mechanism that is already established in terrestrial experiments to satellite missions with varying gravity gradients and exploits the spectral distribution of the systematics. We assess the experimental feasibility and find that the moderate parameters of the proposed scheme are in line with technological capabilities. The described attenuation of the gravity-gradient-induced uncertainty removes one major obstacle in quantum tests of the UFF and allows us to consider mission scenarios with target accuracies beyond the state of the art. © 2020 authors. Published by the American Physical Society.
Distribution of the Food Dollar by Marketing Function and Expense Item
Creators: name: Economic Research Service
name: Economic Research Service
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1974
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Food
subject: margins
subject: marketing
subject: prices
subject: costs

description: Estimates for 1973 were made of costs and margins at each level in the processing and distribution system for selected major food items purchased in retail food stores. The following foods were studied: beef, pork, fluid milk, butter, eggs, broilers, apples, oranges, tomatoes, potatoes, rice, bread, salad and cooking oil, margarine, and vegetable shortening. For each food item, margins at each level were allocated to the extent possible into the following components: labor, packaging, transportation, business taxes, depreciation, rent, energy, interest, repairs, advertising, other costs and profits. The data show that margins and costs for different marketing functions vary widely among products.
description: Reprinted from The Marketing and Transportation Situation • Nov. 1974
Supplemental material for the paper: "Training future ML engineers: a project-based course on MLOps"
Creators: name: Lanubile, Filippo
name: Martínez-Fernández, Silverio
name: Quaranta, Luigi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Initial and final questionnaires used to evaluate the 2022-2023 edition of our project-based course on MLOps.
Theory of Subcycle Linear Momentum Transfer in Strong-Field Tunneling Ionization
Creators: name: Ni, Hongcheng
name: Brennecke, Simon
name: Gao, Xiang.
name: He, Pei-Lun
name: Donsa, Stefan
name: Březinová, Iva
name: He, Feng
name: Wu, Jian
name: Lein, Manfred
name: Tong, Xiao-Min
name: Burgdörfer, Joachim
Publisher: name: College Park, MD : American Physical Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Momentum transfer
subject: Photoionization
subject: Photons
subject: Ultrashort pulses
subject: Analytical description
subject: Carrier-envelope phase
subject: Linear momenta
subject: Matter transfer
subject: Non-dipole effects
subject: Strong field ionization
subject: Tunneling dynamics
subject: Tunneling ionization
subject: Momentum
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: Interaction of a strong laser pulse with matter transfers not only energy but also linear momentum of the photons. Recent experimental advances have made it possible to detect the small amount of linear momentum delivered to the photoelectrons in strong-field ionization of atoms. We present numerical simulations as well as an analytical description of the subcycle phase (or time) resolved momentum transfer to an atom accessible by an attoclock protocol. We show that the light-field-induced momentum transfer is remarkably sensitive to properties of the ultrashort laser pulse such as its carrier-envelope phase and ellipticity. Moreover, we show that the subcycle-resolved linear momentum transfer can provide novel insights into the interplay between nonadiabatic and nondipole effects in strong-field ionization. This work paves the way towards the investigation of the so-far unexplored time-resolved nondipole nonadiabatic tunneling dynamics. © 2020 authors.