Parhyale kalinga Thacker & Myers & Trivedi & Mitra 2024, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Thacker, Dimple
name: Myers, Alan A.
name: Trivedi, Jigneshkumar N.
name: Mitra, Santanu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Amphipoda
Hyalidae
Parhyale
Parhyale kalinga

description: Parhyale kalinga sp. nov.
(Figs. 2a & 3–5)
Material examined. Holotype male, 7 mm, (LFSC.ZRC-199) Kalupada Ghat, Chilika Lake, (19°52’27”N 85°24’26”E), Odisha, India, 1 September, 2018, coll. D. Thacker. Paratype, 4 males, 5–7 mm, 1 female, 7 mm (LFSC.ZRC-200), same data as holotype.
Etymology. The specific epithet kalinga is derived from the historical name of Bay of Bengal the “Kalinga Sagar”.
Diagnosis.
Male antenna 1 with a pair of calceoli present from flagellum article 4 to 10. Gnathopod 1 coxa with shallow excavation; propodus palm with 3 protuberances. Gnathopod 2 propodus with 2 robust setae at the base of the palm and 2 small setae slightly behind the palm; dactylus much smaller than palm.
Female gnathopod 1 basis with well-developed posterodistal lobe, propodus subrectangular, dactylus longer than palm. Gnathopod 2 basis with well-developed posterodistal lobe, subovate propodus, dactylus longer than palm.
Description. Based on holotype (male 7 mm) and paratype (female 7 mm).
Head. Eyes medium, round. Antenna 1 longer than half of the antenna 2; peduncular article 1 a little longer than article 2; article 3 subequal to article 2; flagellum 1.4 x as long as peduncle with 11 articles; a pair of calceoli present from flagellum article 4 to 10 (Fig. 3: A1). Antenna 2 peduncular article 4 shorter than article 5; flagellum 1.5 x as long as peduncle with 16 articles (Fig. 3: A2). Labrum subrounded with setose distal margin (Fig. 3: Lb). Labium distally setose (Fig. 3: L). Mandible left lacina moblis 5 dentate; accessory setal row with 5 plumose setae (Fig. 3: Md). Maxilla 1 inner plate with 2 plumose setae; outer plate with 8 setae; palp one articulated, shorter than distal margin of the outer plate, with one simple setae (Fig. 3: Mx1). Maxilla 2 inner plate without oblique setal row, as broad as outer plate (Fig. 3: Mx2). Maxilliped with robust palp, palp article 1 longer than broad, article 2 broader than long, article 3 distally setose, article 4 unguiform, length subequal to article 3 (Fig. 3: Mxp).
Pereon. Gnathopod 1 coxa longer than broad with a small shelf on posterior margin, ventral margin with shallow excavation; basis expanding at the middle; ischium somewhat rectangular; merus shorter than carpus; carpus with robust setae on ventral lobe; propodus expanding distally with two stout setae, palm substraight with three protuberances one on each side of middle and one on the posterodistal corner; dactylus slightly longer than palm, medially swollen (Fig. 4: G1). Gnathopod 2 coxa longer than broad, posterior margin with a central shelf, ventral margin with few small setae on posterior half; basis long with well-developed posterodistal lobe, both margins bare; ischium small, subquadrate; carpus small somewhat triangular; propodus oval, with 1 spine at the base of the palm and 1 slightly behind the palm, palm transverse with several small robust setae and a distinct protuberance at the posterodistal corner; dactylus smaller than palm (Fig. 4: G2). Pereopod 3–4 similar; merus, carpus and propodus with several robust setae on posterior margin, dactylus in pereopod 3 is strongly recurved while straight in pereopod 4 (Figs. 4: P3 & P4). Pereopod 5 basis expanded, subquadrate; merus longer than carpus but shorter than propodus; dactylus curved (Fig. 4: P5). Pereopod 6 basis expanded, carpus anterior margin with several robust setae (Fig. 4: P6). Pereopod 7 basis oval, expanded, propodus both margins bare (Fig. 4: P7).
Pleon. Epimeron 1 ventral margin rounded (Fig. 5: Ep-1). Epimera 2–3 posteroventral corner a little produced (Figs. 5: Ep2 & Ep-3). Uropod 1 peduncle longer than rami; exopodite longer than endopodite; inter ramus spine one fifth of the endopodite (Fig. 5: U1). Uropod 2 peduncle little longer than rami; endopodite subequal to exopodite (Fig. 5: U2). Uropod 3 biramous; peduncle with 1 short and 2 long distal robust setae; exopodite 0.7 x as long as peduncle with 6 distal robust setae; endopodite minute with 2 distal small setae (Fig. 5: U3). Telson deeply cleft, both halves subtriangular with distal margin rounded (Fig. 5: T).
Female (sexually dimorphic characters). Gnathopod 1 carpus comparatively shorter than in male; propodus subrectangular, longer than broad, palm straight; dactylus a little longer than palm. Gnathopod 2 basis broadening towards distal end; propodus as long as broad; tapering at proximal end; dactylus longer than palm.
Habitat. Under pebbles and gravel sediment.
Remarks.
Five species of Parhyale Stebbing, 1897 have been reported from India including P. kalinga sp. nov. (Myers et al. 2017; Thacker et al. 2023; Patro et al. 2024). Parhyale kalinga sp. nov. is very similar to Parhyale basrensis Salman, 1986 and Parhyale darvishi Momtazi & Maghsoudlou, 2016 by having a subquadrate male gnathopod 1 propodus. But it can be differentiated by both the species in number of ways. In P. kalinga sp. nov. both antennae are sparsely setose (densely setose comparatively in P. darvishi); coxa of male gnathopod 1 in P. kalinga sp. nov. with shallow excavation on ventral margin (Without excavation on ventral margin in P. basrensis and P. darvishi); male gnathopod 1 propodus palm in P. kalinga sp. nov. with 3 protuberances (male gnathopod 1 propodus palm with one middle protuberance in P. basrensis and male gnathopod 1 propodus palm without any protuberance in P. darvishi); male gnathopod 2 propodus in P. kalinga sp. nov. with 2 robust setae at the base of the palm and 2 small setae slightly behind the palm and dactylus much smaller than palm (male gnathopod 2 propodus with 2 robust setae at the base of the palm and dactylus subequal to palm in P. basrensis and P. darvishi); uropod 3 peduncle in P. kalinga sp. nov. with 1 short and 2 long distal robust setae (peduncle with 2 robust setae in P. basrensis and 1 robust seta in P. darvishi).
Parhyale kalinga sp. nov. can be differentiated from recently described Parhyale odian Patro, Bhoi & Myers in Patro, Bhoi, Myers & Sahu, 2024 on the bases of following characters. In P. kainga sp. nov. antenna 1 peduncular article 2 is almost twice as long as broad while in P. odian it is as long as broad. In P. kainga sp. nov. calceoli is present in antenna 1 flagellum from article 4 to 10 whereas in P. odian it is present from flagellum article 2 to 9. In P. kainga sp. nov. maxilla 1 inner plate is extending more than half of the length of outer plate and setae on inner plate are reaching beyond the length of the outer plate while in P. odian inner plate is reaching only half of the length of the outer plate and the setae on inner plate are very short and not reaching to the distal end of the outer plate. In P. kainga sp. nov. male gnathopod 1 propodus does not have the stout robust seta and palm is substraight with 3 protuberances whereas in P. odian male gnathopod 1 the stout robust seta is present and palm is having only one protuberance with one deep excavation. In P. kainga sp. nov. male gnathopod 2 dactylus is much shorter than palm while in P. odian dactylus is as long as palm. In P. kainga sp. nov. pereopod 6 basis is longer than broad forming oval shape where as in P. odian pereopod 6 basis is as long as broad forming subquadrate shape.
Distribution. Currently known only from the type locality.
description: Published as part of Thacker, Dimple, Myers, Alan A., Trivedi, Jigneshkumar N. & Mitra, Santanu, 2024, On a small collection of amphipods (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from Chilika Lake with the description of three new species and a new genus, pp. 383-404 in Zootaxa 5446 (3) on pages 385-389, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5446.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/11101909