cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Andean uplift and consequences for species evolution in the Amazon drainage basin
Creators: name: Hoorn, Carina
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
The Neogene uplift of the Andes strongly influenced environments, geography, and climate through time. In combination with global climate, sea level change and dynamic topography, this process (re)shaped the biogeography of the Amazon drainage basin. The western Amazon, was formed by a vast wetland that was controlled by orbital forcing and episodic marine influence, with dispersal of coastal flora and fauna into the Amazon heartlands. As uplift accelerated, the effects extended across the continent, leading to the birth of the Amazon River and sediment transport across continent and into the Atlantic. The river formed a bridge and a barrier for biotic dispersal but also affected the coastal environment. Here I will review recent geological and paleobiological data to illustrate the effects of geological change on neotropical biogeography.

References:

Hoorn, C., Palazzesi, L. and Silvestro, D., 2022. Editorial Preface to Special Issue: Exploring the impact of Andean uplift and climate on life evolution and landscape modification: From Amazonia to Patagonia. Global and Planetary Change, 211, p.103759. doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2022.103759

Hoorn, C., Boschman, L.M., Kukla, T., Sciumbata, M. and Val, P., 2022. The Miocene wetland of western Amazonia and its role in Neotropical biogeography. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 199(1), pp.25-35. doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boab098

Hoorn, C., Kukla, T., Bogotá-Angel, G., van Soelen, E., González-Arango, C., Wesselingh, F.P., Vonhof, H., Val, P., Morcote-Rios, G., Roddaz, M. and Dantas, E.L., 2022. Cyclic sediment deposition by orbital forcing in the Miocene wetland of western Amazonia? New insights from a multidisciplinary approach. Global and Planetary Change, 210, p.103717. doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2021.103717
Poisson Geometry from a Dirac perspective
Creators: name: Meinrenken, Eckhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present proofs of classical results in Poisson geometry using techniques from Dirac geometry. This article is based on mini-courses at the Poisson summer school in Geneva, June 2016, and at the workshop "Quantum Groups and Gravity" at the University of Waterloo, April 2016.
description: 42 pages. To appear in Letters in Mathematical Physics
Empirical Determination of Dark Matter Velocities using Metal-Poor Stars
Creators: name: Herzog-Arbeitman, Jonah
name: Lisanti, Mariangela
name: Madau, Piero
name: Necib, Lina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Milky Way dark matter halo is formed from the accretion of smaller subhalos. These sub-units also harbor stars---typically old and metal-poor---that are deposited in the Galactic inner regions by disruption events. In this Letter, we show that the dark matter and metal-poor stars in the Solar neighborhood share similar kinematics due to their common origin. Using the high-resolution Eris simulation, which traces the evolution of both the dark matter and baryons in a realistic Milky-Way analog galaxy, we demonstrate that metal-poor stars are indeed effective tracers for the local, virialized dark matter velocity distribution. The local dark matter velocities can therefore be inferred from observations of the stellar halo made by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey within 4 kpc of the Sun. This empirical distribution differs from the Standard Halo Model in important ways and suggests that the bounds on the spin-independent scattering cross section may be weakened for dark matter masses below $\sim$10 GeV. Data from Gaia will allow us to further refine the expected distribution for the smooth dark matter component, and to test for the presence of local substructure.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures + supplementary material; v2: Fig. 3 updated, minor text revisions, overall conclusions unchanged (journal version)
Human-centred Learning: A transformative pedagogy for the cyber-physical world
Creators: name: FENTON, SOPHIE MAREE
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 390102
subject: Curriculum and pedagogy theory and development

description: Intelligent technologies are substantially changing lived experience globally, and necessitate new education approaches that emphasise humanness, ethical thinking and technological understanding. Through collaborative Design-based Implementation Research, with a school leader and teachers, this study developed the transformative pedagogy, Human Centred Learning (HcL). Participants’ responses to disorienting dilemmas caused by emerging technologies led to transformed meaning schemes and new planning for learning that recognises the implications of 4IR technologies. The study found that HcL facilitates capabilities-based teaching and learning grounded in humanness, to meet the challenges of educating for the cyber-physical world, so we can live well in a world worth living in.
Exploring GeV-scale Majorana neutrinos in lepton-number-violating $Λ_b^0$ baryon decays
Creators: name: Mejia-Guisao, Jhovanny
name: Milanes, Diego
name: Quintero, Nestor
name: Ruiz-Alvarez, Jose D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, the lepton-number-violating processes in $|ΔL|=2$ decays of $Λ_b^0$ baryon, $Λ_b^0 \to p π^+μ^- μ^-$ and $Λ_b^0 \to Λ_c^+ π^+μ^- μ^-$, are investigated for the first time, via an intermediate on-shell Majorana neutrino $N$ with a mass in the GeV scale. We explore the experimental sensitivity of these dimuon channels at the LHCb and CMS experiments, in which heavy neutrino lifetimes in the accessible ranges of $τ_N = [1, 100, 1000]$ ps are considered. For a integrated luminosity collected of 10 and 50 fb${}^{-1}$ at the LHCb and 30, 300 and 3000 fb${}^{-1}$ at the CMS, we found significant sensitivity on branching fractions of the order ${\rm BR}(Λ_b^0 \to p π^+μ^- μ^-) \lesssim \mathcal{O}(10^{-9} - 10^{-8})$ and ${\rm BR}(Λ_b^0 \to Λ_c^+ π^+μ^- μ^-) \lesssim \mathcal{O}(10^{-8} - 10^{-7})$. Exclusion regions on the parameter space ($m_N,|V_{μN}|^{2}$) associated with the heavy neutrino are presented and compared with those from $K^- \to π^+μ^-μ^-$ (NA48/2) and $B^- \to π^+μ^-μ^-$ (LHCb) as well as by different search strategies such as NA3, CHARMII, NuTeV, Belle, and DELPHI.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures. v3: matches with version published in Phys. Rev. D
Structure preserving schemes for nonlinear Fokker-Planck equations and applications
Creators: name: Pareschi, Lorenzo
name: Zanella, Mattia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we focus on the construction of numerical schemes for nonlinear Fokker-Planck equations that preserve the structural properties, like non negativity of the solution, entropy dissipation and large time behavior. The methods here developed are second order accurate, they do not require any restriction on the mesh size and are capable to capture the asymptotic steady states with arbitrary accuracy. These properties are essential for a correct description of the underlying physical problem. Applications of the schemes to several nonlinear Fokker-Planck equations with nonlocal terms describing emerging collective behavior in socio-economic and life sciences are presented.
description: Journal of Scientific Computing, accepted for publication
title: Sahara Dust Event in Central Europe in March 2022: over 100 micron sized particles!
Creators: name: Kaliwoda, Melanie
name: Hoffmann, Viktor
name: Chiang, Yen-Chun
name: Junge, Malte
name: Hentschel, Felix
name: Schmahl, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
In late winter 2022 massive Saharan dust clouds have moved from S Algeria / Morocco over Spain and France to Central Europe and one of these reached S Germany at march 15th afternoon. During late winter times such Sahara dust events can be observed in central Europe quite regularly. This time, however, historic amounts of desert sand have been transported, i.e. huge amounts of redish/orange dusts over part of the Alps and S Germany. The “orange” cloud was accompanied by heavy rainfalls which washed out the reddish Fe-rich Sahara dust during the following hours. A series of Sahara dust samples could be collected with the help of special collectors at 15th of march S of Munich, so that any contamination could be avoided. Within the first 2-3 hours mainly coarse grained material was washed out, afterwards the fine grained dusts were deposited and collected. A large range of particle sizes and morphologies could be detected, maximum sizes reached over 100 microns. Taking into account the long-range transport (more than 2500 km from S Algeria / Morocco via Spain/Portugal and France to Central Europe) one would expect only much finer dusts [3, 4]. Raman spectroscopy revealed quartz, Ti-oxides (anatase) and feldspar as the dominating phases (fig. 1b). Further experiments by X-ray diffraction and SEM are in preparation in order to extend our knowledge concerning the Sahara dusts of the march 2022 event.
Astrophysical uncertainties on the local dark matter distribution and direct detection experiments
Creators: name: Green, Anne M
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The differential event rate in Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) direct detection experiments depends on the local dark matter density and velocity distribution. Accurate modelling of the local dark matter distribution is therefore required to obtain reliable constraints on the WIMP particle physics properties. Data analyses typically use a simple Standard Halo Model which might not be a good approximation to the real Milky Way (MW) halo. We review observational determinations of the local dark matter density, circular speed and escape speed and also studies of the local dark matter distribution in simulated MW-like galaxies. We discuss the effects of the uncertainties in these quantities on the energy spectrum and its time and direction dependence. Finally we conclude with an overview of various methods for handling these astrophysical uncertainties.
description: 10 pages, v2: to appear in JPhysG focus issue on Dark Matter, minor changes
title: GEOWiki@Schule – eine geowissenschaftliche Online-Lernplattform für den Schulunterricht
Creators: name: Aßbichler, Donja
name: Junge, Malte
name: Schmid, Daniel
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
Das GEOWiki@Schule ist ein Teilbereich der frei zugänglichen Online-Lernplattform GEOWiki@LMU, das derzeit auf Initiative von Lehramtsstudent:innen entsteht. Ziel ist es Schüler:innen und Lehrer:innen für die faszinierende Welt der Geowissenschaften zu begeistern und sie mit den geowissenschaftlichen Methoden vertraut zu machen. Hierfür sollen geowissenschaftliche Themen und Konzepte so aufbereitet werden, dass sie für Laien und Jugendliche unterschiedlicher Altersklassen nachvollziehbar sind und problemlos im Schulunterricht eingesetzt werden können. Leider ist das Fach „Geowissenschaften“ als Unterrichtsfach nicht in allen Bundesländern vertreten. In den Lehrplänen der MINT-Fächer, speziell in den Fächern Chemie, Physik, Mathematik und Biologie gibt es aber neben dem Fach Geographie viele Anknüpfungspunkte für geowissenschaftliche Fragestellungen. Der Fokus des GEOWiki@Schule liegt hierbei vor allem in der Ausarbeitung und Bereitstellung praktischer Lehreinheiten, die je nach Fragestellung im Gelände, im Labor oder auch im Klassenzimmer durchgeführt werden können. Zur Steigerung des naturwissenschaftlichen Interesses und der Motivation der Schüler:innen ist eigenständiges Experimentieren und Forschen an Alltagsphänomenen ein hilfreiches Mittel. Da Lehrkräften im Unterrichtsalltag erfahrungsgemäß oft die Zeit und die Ressourcen fehlen um neue Konzepte zu entwickeln und auszuarbeiten, haben die Lehramtsstudierenden des GEOWiki-Teams diese Sache selbst in die Hand genommen: Sie haben bei StudForschung@GEO Mittel für ein eigenes Forschungsprojekt beantragt, bei dem sie Experimente und praktische Lehreinheiten im Feld und Labor entwickeln, dokumentieren und didaktisch ausarbeiten. Die Ergebnisse werden in Form von Artikeln und Videos gemeinsam mit praktischen Tipps für Lehrkräfte und Hintergrundwissen für die jeweilige Altersklasse aufbereitet und in der Rubrik „GEO Erleben“ im GEOWiki@Schule veröffentlicht.
Spin-switch Josephson junctions with magnetically tunable $\sin(δφ/n)$ shape
Creators: name: Ouassou, Jabir Ali
name: Linder, Jacob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With a combination of simple analytical arguments and extensive numerical simulations, we theoretically propose a Josephson junction with $n+1$ superconductors where the current-phase relation can be toggled in situ between a $\sin(δφ)$ and $\sin(δφ/n)$ shape using an applied magnetic field. Focusing in particular on the case $n=2$, we show that by using realistic system parameters such as unequal interface transparencies, the $\sin(δφ/2)$-shaped solution retains its $2π$-periodicity due to discontinuities at $δφ= \pm π$. Moreover, we demonstrate that as one toggles between the $\sin(δφ)$- and $\sin(δφ/2)$-shaped solutions, the system acts as an on--off switch, and can acheive more than two orders of magnitude difference between the supercurrent in the on and off states. Finally, we argue that the same approach can be generalized to switchable $\sin(δφ/n)$ junctions for arbitrary integers~$n$, which we motivate by analytically solving the Josephson equations for double- and triple-barrier junctions.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures, revised version
An investigation into the implementation of robot-assisted upper limb therapy within an Australian rehabilitative setting
Creators: name: Flynn, Nicholas Mark
Publisher: name: Australian Catholic University
Year: 2022
Subjects: robotics
stroke rehabilitation
upper extremity
occupational therapy
physical therapy
implementation

description: Background: Robot-assisted upper limb therapy (RT-UL) is an emerging intervention for stroke survivors with upper limb (UL) impairments. Research into RT-UL has concentrated on investigating the clinical efficacy but implementation and use of RT-UL in routine practice has not yet been adequately explored. This is a notable gap in the field when considering that non-adoption and abandonment is common for health technologies in the clinical setting. The aim of this doctoral research program was to investigate the implementation and use of the InMotion, RT-UL device, for the first time in an Australian clinical setting. Methods: A multiple methods approach was used in this program of research involving four studies, two qualitative and two quantitative. Study 1 explored therapists’ perceptions of RT-UL prior to the implementation through discipline specific focus groups. Study 2 was an observational study that investigated the amount of UL practice performed by subacute stroke survivors pre and post RT-UL implementation. Study 3 involved audits of RT-UL computer data to investigate the sustainability of RT-UL as part of routine practice over a two-year period. Study 4 explored therapist perceptions of the RT-UL post implementation through discipline specific focus groups. Results: Study 1 identified therapists were positive towards the implementation of RT-UL perceiving the device would provide opportunity for increased UL practice for strokes survivors in their clinical setting. The availability of a single RT-UL device may however create unique logistical challenges. Study 2 observed a significant increase in UL practice for stroke survivors including those with severe UL impairment following the implementation of RT-UL as part of routine practice. Study 3 discovered that RT-UL was in continued and regular use with stroke survivors two years after implementation. Study 4 found both disciplines continued to be accepting of RT-UL post implementation but it was physiotherapists who predominantly prescribed RT-UL. Implementation of RT-UL had been largely successful due to an increased level of UL practice for patients, the ease of using the device as part of routine practice and positive reception from patients. The implementation process was also clinician initiated and led. Conclusion: This research program was the first to evaluate the implementation of RT-UL into the routine practices of an Australian rehabilitation setting. New knowledge was acquired about RT-UL use with stroke survivors including occupational therapists and physiotherapists perceptions, impact on the amount of UL practice able to be delivered, sustainability of RT-UL within the inpatient rehabilitation setting and barriers and facilitator to RT-UL implementation.
Ab initio calculations of the isotopic dependence of nuclear clustering
Creators: name: Elhatisari, Serdar
name: Epelbaum, Evgeny
name: Krebs, Hermann
name: Lähde, Timo A.
name: Lee, Dean
name: Li, Ning
name: Lu, Bing-nan
name: Meißner, Ulf-G.
name: Rupak, Gautam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nuclear clustering describes the appearance of structures resembling smaller nuclei such as alpha particles (4He nuclei) within the interior of a larger nucleus. While clustering is important for several well-known examples, much remains to be discovered about the general nature of clustering in nuclei. In this letter we present lattice Monte Carlo calculations based on chiral effective field theory for the ground states of helium, beryllium, carbon, and oxygen isotopes. By computing model-independent measures that probe three- and four-nucleon correlations at short distances, we determine the shape of the alpha clusters and the entanglement of nucleons comprising each alpha cluster with the outside medium. We also introduce a new computational approach called the pinhole algorithm, which solves a long-standing deficiency of auxiliary-field Monte Carlo simulations in computing density correlations relative to the center of mass. We use the pinhole algorithm to determine the proton and neutron density distributions and the geometry of cluster correlations in 12C, 14C, and 16C. The structural similarities among the carbon isotopes suggest that 14C and 16C have excitations analogous to the well-known Hoyle state resonance in 12C.
description: Version to appear in Physical Review Letters. 5 + 12 pages (main + supplemental materials), 3 + 12 figures (main + supplemental materials)
title: Towards high efficacy Early Warning in Europe
Creators: name: Küppers, Andreas Nikolaus
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
Early Warning Systems for natural disasters are the most promising means of saving lives, property and societal integrity in cases of impending natural hazards. They are expected to be critically required, even more in the future, as either new and hitherto unknown phenomena are expected to become substantial threats, or climate change brings increasing intensity, impact and frequency of adverse weather related phenomena, or cascading hazardous processes appear more frequently. Since the 1994 Yokohama World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction, Early Warning Systems are acknowledged as the most efficient elements of societal resilience, however the ‘State of the Global Climate 2021’ (World Meteorological Organization, WMO, 2022) concludes the very low implementation level and often extremely poor performance of existing systems. In order to foster the implementation and improvement of systems in all 193 Member States, the United Nations have declared the coming five years as ‘Years of Early Warning ‘. Based on a broad range of practical and organizational experiences from 1980s events in Japan, the Yokohama World Conference, the 1998 Potsdam Early Warning Systems Conference, several successful scientific and technical development projects financed by the European Union, this contribution delivers an architectural design structure as well as a comprehensive roadmap for Early Warning implementation in Europe. It encompasses the necessary steps in national and international policies, in diverse fields of legislation, in various involved scientific and technical disciplines, and in the harmonization of ethical approaches. The creation of a European Centre for Early Warning Information is suggested.
On sound ranging in Hilbert space
Creators: name: Goncharov, Sergij V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46C05 (Primary) 40A05, 15A15 (Secondary)

description: We consider the sound ranging problem, which is to find the position of the source-point from the moments when the wave-sphere of linearly, with time, increasing radius reaches the sensor-points, in the infinite-dimensional separable Euclidean space H, and describe the solving methods, for entire space and for its unit sphere. In the former case, we give some sufficient conditions for uniqueness of the solution. We also provide two examples with the sets of sensors being a basis of H: 1st, when sound ranging problem and so-called dual problem both have single solutions, and 2nd, when sound ranging problem has two distinct solutions.
description: 15 pages; added prop. 3, ex. 3,4; removed refs; minor text corr
title: Rheological inversion and mullion formation of a composite sill under bulk constriction (Odenwald, Germany).
Creators: name: Zulauf, Janet
name: Linckens, Jolien
name: Gerdes, Axel
name: Marschall, Horst
name: Loeckle, Filip
name: Schmeling, Harro
name: Zulauf, Gernold
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
We present new data from a composite sill, which intruded at deep structural levels (ca. 18 km depth) into quartzmonzodiorite of the southern Odenwald. Zircons and titanites of the quartzmonzodiorite yielded similar U-Pb ages at 344.3 ±0.6 and 343.2 ±2.1 Ma, respectively, reflecting fast cooling (≥76°C/m.y.) until the solidus was attained at ca. 680°C. Under these conditions, the quartzmonzodiorite was cut by a spessartite sill, which yielded a U-Pb titanite age at 342.0 ±1.0 Ma. Fast migration of contact melt into shrinkage cracks of the sill resulted in thin felsic veins.

Bulk constriction at T = ca. 660°C led to (1) subvertical prolate grain-shape fabrics, (2) increase of the sill’s dip, (3) doubling of the sill’s thickness, (4) mullions with cusps pointing into the host, and (5) boudinage of the felsic veins. The shape of the mullions, the boudinage of the felsic veins and the sigmoidal foliation/lineation indicate that the mafic sill was incompetent and the felsic material of host and veins was competent. This inversion in rheology can be explained by phase-boundary diffusion that was more effective in the fine grained mafic sill than in the coarse grained felsic host.

Funding by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Zu73-35) is acknowledged.

References

Zulauf, G. et al. (2021). Development of a synorogenic composite sill at deep structural levels of a continental arc (Odenwald, Germany). Part 1: Sederholm-type emplacement portrayed by contact melt in shrinkage cracks. Tectonophysics, 805 and (2022). Part 2: Rheological inversion and mullion formation under bulk constriction. J. Struct. Geol., 155
Effects of jet-induced medium excitation in $γ$-hadron correlation in A+A collisions
Creators: name: Chen, Wei
name: Cao, Shanshan
name: Luo, Tan
name: Pang, Long-Gang
name: Wang, Xin-Nian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coupled Linear Boltzmann Transport and hydrodynamics (CoLBT-hydro) is developed for co-current and event-by-event simulations of jet transport and jet-induced medium excitation (j.i.m.e.) in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. This is made possible by a GPU parallelized (3+1)D hydrodynamics that has a source term from the energy-momentum deposition by propagating jet shower partons and provides real time update of the bulk medium evolution for subsequent jet transport. Hadron spectra in $γ$-jet events of A+A collisions at RHIC and LHC are calculated for the first time that include hadrons from both the modified jet and j.i.m.e.. CoLBT-hydro describes well experimental data at RHIC on the suppression of leading hadrons due to parton energy loss. It also predicts the enhancement of soft hadrons from j.i.m.e. The onset of soft hadron enhancement occurs at a constant transverse momentum due to the thermal nature of soft hadrons from j.i.m.e. which also have a significantly broadened azimuthal distribution relative to the jet direction. Soft hadrons in the $γ$ direction are, on the other hand, depleted due to a diffusion wake behind the jet.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures in LaTeX, final version published in PLB
Lee-Yang model from the functional renormalization group
Creators: name: Zambelli, Luca
name: Zanusso, Omar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the critical properties of the Lee-Yang model in less than six spacetime dimensions using truncations of the functional renormalization group flow. We give estimates for the critical exponents, study the dependence on the regularization scheme, and show the convergence of our results for increasing size of the truncations in four and five dimensions. While with our truncations it is numerically challenging to approach the three-dimensional case, we provide a simple approximation which allows us to qualitatively study the Lee-Yang model in two and three dimensions, and use it to argue the existence of further nonunitary multicritical theories including one which is relevant for the universality class of the Blume-Capel model.
description: 10 pages, 12 figures; v2: matches published version
Predictive Pati-Salam theory of fermion masses and mixing
Creators: name: Hernández, A. E. Cárcamo
name: Kovalenko, Sergey
name: Valle, José W. F.
name: Vaquera-Araujo, C. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a Pati-Salam extension of the standard model incorporating a flavor symmetry based on the $Δ\left( 27\right)$ group. The theory realizes a realistic Froggatt-Nielsen picture of quark mixing and a predictive pattern of neutrino oscillations. We find that, for normal neutrino mass ordering, the atmospheric angle must lie in the higher octant, CP must be violated in oscillations, and there is a lower bound for the $0νββ$ decay rate. For the case of inverted mass ordering, we find that the lower atmospheric octant is preferred, and that CP can be conserved in oscillations. Neutrino masses arise from a low-scale seesaw mechanism, whose messengers can be produced by a $Z^{\prime }$ portal at the LHC.
description: 28 pages, 3 figures, published version
Heat kernel methods for Lifshitz theories
Creators: name: Barvinsky, Andrei O.
name: Blas, Diego
name: Herrero-Valea, Mario
name: Nesterov, Dmitry V.
name: Pérez-Nadal, Guillem
name: Steinwachs, Christian F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the one-loop covariant effective action of Lifshitz theories using the heat kernel technique. The characteristic feature of Lifshitz theories is an anisotropic scaling between space and time. This is enforced by the existence of a preferred foliation of space-time, which breaks Lorentz invariance. In contrast to the relativistic case, covariant Lifshitz theories are only invariant under diffeomorphisms preserving the foliation structure. We develop a systematic method to reduce the calculation of the effective action for a generic Lifshitz operator to an algorithm acting on known results for relativistic operators. In addition, we present techniques that drastically simplify the calculation for operators with special properties. We demonstrate the efficiency of these methods by explicit applications.
description: 36 pages, matches journal version
title: The Late Paleogene remnant sea to foreland basin sedimentation along the western margin of the Himalayas, an insight into early Himalayan evolution
Creators: name: Ali, Nowrad
name: Hanif, Muhammad
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
The well preserved late Paleogene sedimentary record of the north Sulaiman Range offers a unique record of the early Himalayan evolution along its western margin. This study is focused on the provenance, biostratigraphy and sedimentary facies analysis of this important sedimentary archive. The petrographic and geochemical analysis of the late Paleogene sandstone units reveals their derivation dominantly from a recycled orogenic and suture belt zone of the nascent Himalayas in the north with some contributions from Indian fore bulge and or cratonic areas in the east-northeast. The source rocks for these sandstones are acidic igneous and low to medium grade metamorphic and uplifted fold and thrust belt sedimentary rocks within a semi humid to humid tropical settings. The biostratigraphic and sedimentary facies analysis shows that epicontinental marine sedimentation took place in inner to outer shelf settings in middle Lutetian to Priabonian times, the deposition in the lower Oligocene time occurred in mid to high tidal flat settings prior to subsequent filling of the north Sulaiman basin in upper Oligocene and Miocene time with fluvial sediments in response to the uplift associated with India-Asia collision.
Magnetic coherent population trapping in a single ion
Creators: name: Das, Swarup
name: Liu, Peiliang
name: Grémaud, Benoit
name: Mukherjee, Manas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetically induced coherent population trapping has been studied in a single trapped laser cooled ion. The magnetic field dependent narrow spectral feature is found to be an useful tool in determining the null point of magnetic field at the ion position. In particular, we use a double lambda scheme that allows us to measure the null magnetic field point limited by the detector shot noise. We analyzed the system theoretically and found certain long lived bright states as the dark state is generated under steady state condition.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures, Journal article
A Dynamical Weak Scale from Inflation
Creators: name: You, Tevong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamical scanning of the Higgs mass by an axion-like particle during inflation may provide a cosmological component to explaining part of the hierarchy problem. We propose a novel interplay of this cosmological relaxation mechanism with inflation, whereby the backreaction of the Higgs vacuum expectation value near the weak scale causes inflation to end. As Hubble drops, the relaxion's dissipative friction increases relative to Hubble and slows it down enough to be trapped by the barriers of its periodic potential. Such a scenario raises the natural cut-off of the theory up to $\sim 10^{10}$ GeV, while maintaining a minimal relaxion sector without having to introduce additional scanning scalars or new physics coincidentally close to the weak scale.
description: 20 pages, 2 figures. v2: typos and discussion in subsection 3.2 corrected, version accepted for publication in JCAP
A deep learning model integrating FCNNs and CRFs for brain tumor segmentation
Creators: name: Zhao, Xiaomei
name: Wu, Yihong
name: Song, Guidong
name: Li, Zhenye
name: Zhang, Yazhuo
name: Fan, Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Accurate and reliable brain tumor segmentation is a critical component in cancer diagnosis, treatment planning, and treatment outcome evaluation. Build upon successful deep learning techniques, a novel brain tumor segmentation method is developed by integrating fully convolutional neural networks (FCNNs) and Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) in a unified framework to obtain segmentation results with appearance and spatial consistency. We train a deep learning based segmentation model using 2D image patches and image slices in following steps: 1) training FCNNs using image patches; 2) training CRFs as Recurrent Neural Networks (CRF-RNN) using image slices with parameters of FCNNs fixed; and 3) fine-tuning the FCNNs and the CRF-RNN using image slices. Particularly, we train 3 segmentation models using 2D image patches and slices obtained in axial, coronal and sagittal views respectively, and combine them to segment brain tumors using a voting based fusion strategy. Our method could segment brain images slice-by-slice, much faster than those based on image patches. We have evaluated our method based on imaging data provided by the Multimodal Brain Tumor Image Segmentation Challenge (BRATS) 2013, BRATS 2015 and BRATS 2016. The experimental results have demonstrated that our method could build a segmentation model with Flair, T1c, and T2 scans and achieve competitive performance as those built with Flair, T1, T1c, and T2 scans.
description: This version was accepted in the journal Medical Image Analysis
Few photon scattering on Bose-Hubbard lattices
Creators: name: Pedersen, Kim G. L.
name: Pletyukhov, Mikhail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically investigate the scattering of few photon light on Bose-Hubbard lattices using diagrammatic scattering theory. We explicitly derive general analytical expressions for the lowest order photonic correlation functions, which we apply numerically to several different lattices. We focus specifically on non-linear effects visible in the intensity-intensity correlation function and explain bunching and anti-bunching effects in dimers, chains, rings and planes. The numerical implementation can be applied to arbitrary Bose-Hubbard graphs, and we provide it as an attachment to this publication.
description: 20 pages, 11 figures
One Language, Different Romanization Rules: The 20th Anniversary of the Pinyin Conversion Project
Creators: name: Gan, Lucy
name: Chen, Yao
name: Li, Xiang
name: Wang, Chengzhi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Romanization rules
subject: Pinyin
subject: Conversion
subject: Chinese
subject: North American libraries

description: No abstract
ALMA constraints on star-forming gas in a prototypical z=1.5 clumpy galaxy: the dearth of CO(5-4) emission from UV-bright clumps
Creators: name: Cibinel, A.
name: Daddi, E.
name: Bournaud, F.
name: Sargent, M. T.
name: Floc'h, E. le
name: Magdis, G. E.
name: Pannella, M.
name: Rujopakarn, W.
name: Juneau, S.
name: Zanella, A.
name: Duc, P. -A.
name: Oesch, P. A.
name: Elbaz, D.
name: Jagannathan, P.
name: Nyland, K.
name: Wang, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present deep ALMA CO(5-4) observations of a main sequence, clumpy galaxy at z=1.5 in the HUDF. Thanks to the ~0.5" resolution of the ALMA data, we can link stellar population properties to the CO(5-4) emission on scales of a few kpc. We detect strong CO(5-4) emission from the nuclear region of the galaxy, consistent with the observed $L_{\rm IR}$-$L^{\prime}_{\rm CO(5-4)}$ correlation and indicating on-going nuclear star formation. The CO(5-4) gas component appears more concentrated than other star formation tracers or the dust distribution in this galaxy. We discuss possible implications of this difference in terms of star formation efficiency and mass build-up at the galaxy centre. Conversely, we do not detect any CO(5-4) emission from the UV-bright clumps. This might imply that clumps have a high star formation efficiency (although they do not display unusually high specific star formation rates) and are not entirely gas dominated, with gas fractions no larger than that of their host galaxy (~50%). Stellar feedback and disk instability torques funnelling gas towards the galaxy centre could contribute to the relatively low gas content. Alternatively, clumps could fall in a more standard star formation efficiency regime if their actual star-formation rates are lower than generally assumed. We find that clump star-formation rates derived with several different, plausible methods can vary by up to an order of magnitude. The lowest estimates would be compatible with a CO(5-4) non-detection even for main-sequence like values of star formation efficiency and gas content.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Minor revisions to match published version
British Gallup Poll CQ 335
Creators: name: Social Surveys (Gallup Poll) Limited
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2022

description: Government approval (1); James Callaghan performance (1); Margaret Thatcher performance (1); Daniel Steel performance (1); party support (1); last general election (2); urgent problems (2); best party to handle problems (1); next general election (2); party with best policies (1); party with best leaders (1); party unity (2); difference in parties (1); best Prime Minister (1); party concerns (4); Labor politicians (15); conservative politicians (14); next general election (1); Indian food (39); appliances in home (63).
Mapping the Food Environment and Collecting Student Experiences to Support Food Security and Healthy Eating Among University Students
Creators: name: Keat, Jemma
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 399999
subject: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: Young people may be susceptible to consuming unhealthy foods or skipping meals due to low availability and accessibility of healthy, fresh, and culturally appropriate foods on university campuses. University food environments are complex and highly influential in shaping students’ dietary behaviours and experiences with food security. In the recent COVID-19 context, experiences with food insecurity may be alternated therefore, this research adds insight into measures and reported experiences of young people within Australia. This thesis is comprised of three studies, a narrative literature review of tools used to assess educational food environments, an audit of the Macquarie University food environment, and qualitative focus groups and interviews with students to capture their experiences with healthy eating and food insecurity on campus. This research aims to build on existing evidence of food environment assessments, whilst providing a multi-faceted and comprehensive approach to understand student experiences of food security and healthy eating. Findings from the review highlights that food environments should be assessed comprehensively whilst including student perceptions, due to the complexities and influential nature of these environments. The university food environment audit encompassed these recommendations as governance, environment and retail elements were assessed, the findings revealed the need for further governance and leadership of the university food environment. The qualitative component of this thesis built upon these findings in the primary and secondary studies as students were consulted and asked to discuss their views on barriers and facilitators to accessing healthy foods on campus, as well as future intervention ideas. The findings revealed that the main barriers were related to availability, pricing, and knowledge of healthy foods. Future intervention ideas included education, free fruits and food relief, discounts, self-catering facilities, and healthy food outlets. The combined findings of this thesis highlighted the need to comprehensively measure the food environment and consult with students to identify the key influences and ideas for improving healthy eating and food security. Additionally, the university should consider implementing governance measures related to healthy eating and conduct further student consultations.
On the limit relation for the quantum relative entropy
Creators: name: Bernád, J. Z.
name: Frigyik, A. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, Diósi et al. (Int. J. Quant. Inf. 4, 99 (2006)) introduced a simple, yet very interesting model for reservoirs, in order to study the relationship between thermodynamic entropy production of a system and the corresponding von Neumann entropy (or informatic entropy, as it was called by the authors). They came up with a conjecture about the asymptotic behaviour of the state introduced in the model. The conjecture was proven later by Csiszár et al. (J. Math. Phys. 48, 092102 (2007)). In this paper we give a different interpretation of the original question and extend the result to a collection of more general states.
description: 7 pages
Expected seismicity and the seismic noise environment of Europa
Creators: name: Panning, Mark P.
name: Stähler, Simon C.
name: Huang, Hsin-Hua
name: Vance, Steven D.
name: Kedar, Sharon
name: Tsai, Victor C.
name: Pike, W. T.
name: Lorenz, Ralph D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Seismic data will be a vital geophysical constraint on internal structure of Europa if we land instruments on the surface. Quantifying expected seismic activity on Europa both in terms of large, recognizable signals and ambient background noise is important for understanding dynamics of the moon, as well as interpretation of potential future data. Seismic energy sources will likely include cracking in the ice shell and turbulent motion in the oceans. We define a range of models of seismic activity in Europa's ice shell by assuming each model follows a Gutenberg-Richter relationship with varying parameters. A range of cumulative seismic moment release between $10^{16}$ and $10^{18}$ Nm/yr is defined by scaling tidal dissipation energy to tectonic events on the Earth's moon. Random catalogs are generated and used to create synthetic continuous noise records through numerical wave propagation in thermodynamically self-consistent models of the interior structure of Europa. Spectral characteristics of the noise are calculated by determining probabilistic power spectral densities of the synthetic records. While the range of seismicity models predicts noise levels that vary by 80 dB, we show that most noise estimates are below the self-noise floor of high-frequency geophones, but may be recorded by more sensitive instruments. The largest expected signals exceed background noise by $\sim$50 dB. Noise records may allow for constraints on interior structure through autocorrelation. Models of seismic noise generated by pressure variations at the base of the ice shell due to turbulent motions in the subsurface ocean may also generate observable seismic noise.
description: 24 pages, 11 figures, Added in supplementary information from revision submission, including 3 audio files with sonification of Europa noise records. To view attachments, please download and extract the gzipped tar source file listed under "Other formats"
Promise and pitfalls of g-ratio estimation with MRI
Creators: name: Campbell, Jennifer S. W.
name: Leppert, Ilana R.
name: Boudreau, Mathieu
name: Narayanan, Sridar
name: Duval, Tanguy
name: Cohen-Adad, Julien
name: Pike, G. Bruce
name: Stikov, Nikola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The fiber g-ratio is the ratio of the inner to the outer diameter of the myelin sheath of a myelinated axon. It has a limited dynamic range in healthy white matter, as it is optimized for speed of signal conduction, cellular energetics, and spatial constraints. In vivo imaging of the g-ratio in health and disease would greatly increase our knowledge of the nervous system and our ability to diagnose, monitor, and treat disease. MRI based g-ratio imaging was first conceived in 2011, and expanded to be feasible in full brain with preliminary results in 2013. This manuscript reviews the growing g-ratio imaging literature and speculates on future applications. It details the methodology for imaging the g-ratio with MRI, and describes the known pitfalls and challenges in doing so.
description: This is the accepted version, accepted by NeuroImage. It contains minor revisions suggested by reviewers
Investigation of Relationship Between High-Energy X-ray Sources and Photospheric and Helioseismic Impacts of X1.8 Solar Flare of October 23, 2012
Creators: name: Sharykin, Ivan N
name: Kosovichev, Alexander G
name: Sadykov, Viacheslav M
name: Zimovets, Ivan V
name: Myshyakov, Ivan I
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The X-class solar flare of October 23, 2012, generated continuum photospheric emission and a strong helioseismic wave ("sunquake") that points to an intensive energy release in the dense part of the solar atmosphere. We study properties of the energy release with high temporal and spatial resolutions, using photospheric data from the Helioseismic Magnetic Imager (HMI) onboard Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), and hard X-ray observations made by the Ramaty High-Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI). For this analysis we use level-1 HMI data (filtergrams), obtained by scanning the Fe I line (6731~Å) with the time cadence of $\sim 3.6$ s and spatial resolution of $\sim 0.5^{\prime\prime}$ per pixel. It is found that the photospheric disturbances caused by the flare spatially coincide with the region of hard X-ray emission, but are delayed by $\lesssim 4$ seconds. This delay is consistent with predictions of the flare hydrodynamics RADYN models. However, the models fail to explain the magnitude of variations observed by the HMI. The data indicate that the photospheric impact and helioseismic wave might be caused by the electron energy flux substantially higher than that in the current flare radiative hydrodynamic models.
description: 23 pages, 7 figures