cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
EMMI - Electric Solar Wind Sail Facilitated Manned Mars Initiative
Creators: name: Janhunen, Pekka
name: Merikallio, Sini
name: Paton, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The novel propellantless electric solar wind sail concept promises efficient low thrust transportation in the Solar System outside Earth's magnetosphere. Combined with asteroid mining to provide water and synthetic cryogenic rocket fuel in orbits of Earth and Mars, possibilities for affordable continuous manned presence on Mars open up. Orbital fuel and water enable reusable bidirectional Earth-Mars vehicles for continuous manned presence on Mars and allow smaller fuel fraction of spacecraft than what is achievable by traditional means. Water can also be used as radiation shielding of the manned compartment, thus reducing the launch mass further. In addition, the presence of fuel in the orbit of Mars provides the option for an all-propulsive landing, thus potentially eliminating issues of heavy heat shields and augmenting the capability of pinpoint landing. With this E-sail enabled scheme, the recurrent cost of continuous bidirectional traffic between Earth and Mars might ultimately approach the recurrent cost of running the International Space Station, ISS.
description: 17 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, revised version to Acta Astronautica
Maternal and infant antiretroviral regimens to prevent postnatal HIV-1 transmission: 48-week follow-up of the BAN randomised controlled trial
Creators: name: Adair, Linda S
name: Soko, Alice
name: van der Horst, Charles
name: Knight, Rodney J
name: Chasela, Charles S
name: Kacheche, Zebrone
name: Hosseinipour, Mina C
name: Kamwendo, Deborah D
name: Fiscus, Susan A
name: Hudgens, Michael G
name: Martinson, Francis
name: King, Caroline C
name: Mofolo, Innocent A
name: Ellington, Sascha R
name: Tegha, Gerald
name: Jamieson, Denise J
name: Wiener, Jeffrey B
name: Kayira, Dumbani
name: Hoffman, Irving
name: Kourtis, Athena P
name: Sichali, Dorothy S
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: In resource-limited settings where no safe alternative to breastfeeding exists, WHO recommends that antiretroviral prophylaxis be given to either HIV-infected mothers or infants throughout breastfeeding. We assessed the effect of 28 weeks of maternal or infant antiretroviral prophylaxis on postnatal HIV infection at 48 weeks.
Isovector axial vector and pseudoscalar transition form factors of $Δ$ in QCD
Creators: name: Kucukarslan, A.
name: Ozdem, U.
name: Ozpineci, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the isovector axial vector and pseudoscalar form factors of $Δ$ baryon by employing light-cone QCD sum rules. Numerical calculations show that the form factors can be well fitted by the exponential form. We make a comparison with the predictions of Lattice QCD, Chiral Perturbation Theory and Quark Model.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1405.5339
A system of quadratic BSDEs arising in a price impact model
Creators: name: Kramkov, Dmitry
name: Pulido, Sergio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Finance (q-fin.MF)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Portfolio Management (q-fin.PM)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider a financial model where the prices of risky assets are quoted by a representative market maker who takes into account an exogenous demand. We characterize these prices in terms of a system of BSDEs with quadratic growth. We show that this system admits a unique solution for every bounded demand if and only if the market maker's risk-aversion is sufficiently small. The uniqueness is established in the natural class of solutions, without any additional norm restrictions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that proves such (global) uniqueness result for a system of fully coupled quadratic BSDEs.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/15-AAP1103 in the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
title: Attraversare
Creators: name: Tumler, Barbara
Year: 2022

description: Diese Masterarbeit untersucht das Phänomen der Grenzpendler:innen anhand narrativer Interviews und einer geteilten Erfahrung im Gebiet des Dreiländerecks Italien, Österreich und der Schweiz. Die Alltage der Grenzpendler:innen beginnen in der italienischen Wohngemeinde Mals und führen über zwei Grenzübergänge zum Arbeitsort in die Schweiz. Der tägliche Rhythmus, bestehend aus Hinfahrt-Unterwegssein-Grenzüberschreitungen- und der Rückfahrt, kartiert den untersuchten transnationalen Raum. Die darin gesprochenen Sprachen und Dialekte geben Aufschluss über den historisch gewachsenen Grenzraum und fließen in den rituellen Charakter der Grenzüberschreitungen mit ein. Dabei wird u.a. die soziökonomische Notwendigkeit der Migration thematisiert. Diese legt das Grenzpendeln als institutionalisierte und gesellschaftlich anerkannte Praxis der aktiven Teilnahme an den Grenzen offen. Die Beobachtungen und Interviews für diese Arbeit entstanden in einem Zeitraum von drei Jahren (2018-2021). Dabei wurden die Alltage der Grenzpendler:innen vor und nach Ausbruch des SARS-CoV-2 Virus anhand narrativer Interviews gegenübergestellt.
title: Populism as a Problem of Social Disintegration? A Comparative Analysis of the Socio-Integrational Underpinnings of Populism in Europe
Creators: name: Filsinger, Maximilian
Publisher: name: Universität Bern
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 300 Social sciences, sociology & anthropology
subject: 320 Political science

description: This project focuses on the explanation of populist attitudes with particular emphasis on the role of social (dis-)integration. Following recent research that breaks up the too rigid conceptualisation of economic and cultural drivers of populism, I extend recent research that understands populism as a problem of social integration (Gidron & Hall, 2020). To do so I use original survey for six European countries and employ a wealth of different measures for populist attitudes and social integration to provide a nuanced picture of the relationship. Based on previous research and the assumption that globalisation and societal modernisation have brought about cultural and economic changes that affect individuals’ perceptions and attitudes, I argue that these developments have created a feeling of social disintegration for certain people in society (Gidron & Hall, 2017, 2020). Going beyond previous research, I argue that social integration as a multidimensional phenomenon requires a multifaceted approach to investigate the question whether social disintegration fosters support for populism. Furthermore, explaining three different forms of populism requires nuanced theoretical arguments that are thus far underdeveloped in the socio-integrational approach. The analyses of original survey data show that social disintegration does play an important role in explaining populist support although this varies with the indicators used and the form of populism investigated. The theoretical and empirical contributions of this book have crucial implications for the study of populism and the way we capture societal and political grievances.
Food insecurity and poverty – A cross-country analysis using national household survey data
Creators: name: Moncada, Lorenzo
name: De La O Campos, Ana Paula
name: Tornarolli, Leopoldo
name: Moncada, Lorenzo
name: De La O Campos, Ana Paula
name: Tornarolli, Leopoldo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: poverty
subject: food insecurity
subject: household surveys
subject: data collection
subject: Africa South of Sahara
subject: Latin America

description: This study analyses national household surveys from ten countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America to shed light on the household-level relationship between monetary poverty and food insecurity. Similar to previous studies, results highlight a clear correlation between poverty and food insecurity. In some instances, the overlap between the set of households classified as poor and those classified as food insecure, can be partial, with not-negligible shares being either classified as poor but not food insecure, or as food insecure but not poor. This mismatch is not surprising, as food security and poverty are two distinct conceptual constructs. Findings warn against superficial targeting approaches where monetary poverty is used as a proxy of food insecurity and vice versa, highlighting that specific food insecurity and poverty measures are needed to guide respective policies. The analysis also points to certain population groups, such as households involved in agriculture and households suffering from shocks, where classifications based on poverty and food insecurity measures appear to be more discrepant.
description: FAO Document Repository: https://doi.org/10.4060/cc3393en
Indización de documentos según Metodología LILACS 2017: 05 - Calificadores: visión general
Creators: name: BIREME/OPS/OMS
name: Conceição, Maria Anália da
name: Suga, Sueli Mitiko Yano
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Indizacion de documentos
subject: Metodologia LILACS
subject: https://decs.bvsalud.org/ths/resource/?id=56243
subject: https://decs.bvsalud.org/ths/resource/?id=46

description: Sesión 5 | 27 de Julio de 2017 Tema: Calificadores: visión general Presentación: https://www.slideshare.net/Rede_BVS/sesin-05-de-10-calificadores-visin-general-20170727 Grupo Red BVS: https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/red-bvs/DaSM-IwjDzw
Antiretroviral treatment of HIV-1 prevents transmission of HIV-1: where do we go from here?
Creators: name: Hallett, Timothy B
name: Powers, Kimberly A
name: Smith, M Kumi
name: Cohen, Myron S
name: Kashuba, Angela D
name: Muessig, Kathryn E
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Antiretroviral drugs that inhibit viral replication were expected to reduce transmission of HIV by lowering the concentration of HIV in the genital tract. In 11 of 13 observational studies, antiretroviral therapy (ART) provided to an HIV-infected index case led to greatly reduced transmission of HIV to a sexual partner. In the HPTN 052 randomised controlled trial, ART used in combination with condoms and counselling reduced HIV transmission by 96·4%. Evidence is growing that wider, earlier initiation of ART could reduce population-level incidence of HIV. However, the full benefits of this strategy will probably need universal access to very early ART and excellent adherence to treatment. Challenges to this approach are substantial. First, not all HIV-infected individuals can be located, especially people with acute and early infection who are most contagious. Second, the ability of ART to prevent HIV transmission in men who have sex with men (MSM) and people who use intravenous drugs has not been shown. Indeed, the stable or increased incidence of HIV in MSM in some communities where widespread use of ART has been established emphasises the concern that not enough is known about treatment as prevention for this crucial population. Third, although US guidelines call for immediate use of ART, such guidelines have not been embraced worldwide. Some experts do not believe that immediate or early ART is justified by present evidence, or that health-care infrastructure for this approach is sufficient. These concerns are very difficult to resolve. Ongoing community-based prospective trials of early ART are likely to help to establish the population-level benefit of ART, and—if successful—to galvanise treatment as prevention.
title: Der Einfluss von Chorionizität, Geburtenreihenfolge und Geschlecht auf die Neugeborenen-Parameter bei Zwillingsgeburten in Wien
Creators: name: Weinelt, Emily
Year: 2022

description: Theoretischer Hintergrund: Das steigende mütterliche Alter bei der ersten Geburt und die damit einhergehende vermehrte Anwendung von reproduktionsmedizinischen Maßnahmen, führte zu einem häufigeren Auftreten von Zwillingsschwangerschaften in den letzten 30 Jahren. Nichtsdestotrotz ist das intrauterine Wachstum für Zwillinge wenig bis gar nicht untersucht, obwohl Zwillingsgeburten nach wie vor eine Risikogeburt darstellen. Material & Methoden: In dieser Arbeit wurden 903 Zwillingslebendgeburten (292 w/w, 283 m/m, 306 w/m) aus dem SMZ-Ost in Wien von Jänner 2005 bis Juni 2019 analysiert. Die Einflüsse von Chorionizität, Geburtenreihenfolge und Geschlecht der Föten wurden hinsichtlich der Neugeborenen-Parameter (Geburtsgewicht, -länge, -kopfumfang, APGAR 1 bis 10) untersucht. Ergebnisse: Es konnte ein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen mono- und dichorialen Zwillingen gefunden werden. Monochoriale Zwillinge sind durchschnittlich kleiner und leichter im Vergleich zu dichorialen. Beim Vergleich der erst- und zweitgeborenen Föten, hatten die Erstgeborenen durchschnittlich ein signifikant höheres Geburtsgewicht, sowie die besseren APGAR-Werte eine und fünf Minuten nach der Geburt als die zweitgeborenen Zwillinge. Außerdem ergab der Vergleich der Geschlechtskategorien, dass die w/w Zwillinge, die kleinsten und leichtesten Föten darstellen. Hingegen sind die w/m Zwillinge jene mit den höchsten Werten für Geburtsgewicht, -länge und -kopfumfang. Zusätzlich wurden diese auch am spätesten geboren. Die m/m Zwillinge ordnen sich in Bezug auf diese Geburtsparameter in der Mitte ein. Die weiblichen Föten mit einem männlichen Co-Zwilling (w/m) wiesen im Schnitt signifikant höheres Geburtsgewicht auf, im Vergleich zu den w/w Zwillingen. Diskussion: Der Unterschied zwischen mono- und dichorialen Zwillingen sowie zwischen erst- und zweitgeborenem Zwilling konnte mit ähnlichen Ergebnissen aus der Literatur bestätigt werden. Der Unterschied in den Neugeborenen-Parametern zwischen den Geschlechtern ist bei Zwillingen jedoch so gut wie gar nicht untersucht. Dies wäre jedoch ein wichtiger Ansatzpunkt für die Erstellung von Wachstumscharts für das intrauterine Wachstum bei Zwillingen.
Condition for emergence of the Floquet-Gibbs state in periodically driven open systems
Creators: name: Shirai, Tatsuhiko
name: Mori, Takashi
name: Miyashita, Seiji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study probability distribution of a steady state of a periodically driven system coupled to a thermal bath by using a quantum master equation in the weak coupling limit. It is proved that, even when the external field is strong, the probability distribution is independent of the detailed nature of the thermal bath under the following conditions: (i) the Hamiltonian of the relevant system is bounded and the period of the driving field is short, (ii) the Hamiltonians for the driving field at different times commute, and (iii) the Hamiltonians of the driving field and of the interaction between the relevant system and the thermal bath commute. It is shown that the steady state is described by the Gibbs distribution of the Floquet states of the relevant system at the temperature of the thermal bath.
description: 6pages, 3 figures
Effects of folic acid supplementation on overall and site-specific cancer incidence during the randomised trials: meta-analyses of data on 50 000 individuals
Creators: name: Gaziano, J Michael
name: Logan, Richard FA
name: Bønaa, Kaare H
name: Lewington, Sarah
name: Vollset, Stein Emil
name: Halsey, Jim
name: Ueland, Per M
name: Giovannucci, Edward L
name: Spence, J David
name: Bennett, Derrick
name: Manson, JoAnn E
name: Baron, John A
name: Ebbing, Marta
name: Hankey, Graeme J
name: den Heijer, Martin
name: Jamison, Rex
name: Collins, Rory
name: Peto, Richard
name: Clarke, Robert
name: Guarino, Peter
name: Galan, Pilar
name: Armitage, Jane
name: Lonn, Eva
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Some countries fortify flour with folic acid to prevent neural tube defects but others do not, partly because of concerns about cancer risks. We aimed to assess the effects of folic acid supplementation on site-specific cancer rates in the randomised trials.
Cosmic Acceleration and Anisotropic models with Magnetic field
Creators: name: Tripathy, S. K.
name: Mahanta, K. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Plane symmetric cosmological models are investigated with or without any dark energy components in the field equations. Keeping an eye on the recent observational constraints concerning the accelerating phase of expansion of the universe, the role of magnetic field is assessed. In the absence of dark energy components, magnetic field can favour an accelerating model even if we take a linear relationship between the directional Hubble parameters. In presence of dark energy components in the form of a time varying cosmological constant, the influence of magnetic field is found to be limited.
description: 19 pages, 3 figures, submitted to EPJ plus
title: Biosynthese von gelben Blütenfarbstoffen
Creators: name: Simeonovic, Aleksandra
Year: 2022

description: Diese Masterarbeit beschreibt die Isolierung von cDNAs der Flavonol 6-Hydroxylase aus Rudbeckia hirta und Tagetes erecta. Die cDNAs wurden in Hefe funktionell exprimiert und das rekombinante Flavonol 6-Hydroxylase aus Rudbeckia hirta auf seine Substratspezifität untersucht. Dadurch konnte gezeigt werden, dass die F6H in Rudbeckia hirta eine hohe Spezifität für Flavonole aufweist und sowohl Kämpferol als auch Quercetin gut geeignete Substrate sind. Das Enzym wurde mit beiden Substraten im Detail charakterisiert. In Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden auch die Enzymaktivitäten von ausgewählten Enzymen der Flavonoid-Biosynthese und von inneren und äußeren Blütenteilen von Rudbecka hirta untersucht. Dabei konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Bildung von Flavonoiden bei den meisten dieser Enzyme im inneren Teil des Blütenblatts stattfindet.
Rosenthal's inequalities for independent and negatively dependent random variables under sub-linear expectations with applications
Creators: name: Zhang, Li-Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60F15, 60F05

description: Classical Kolmogorov's and Rosenthal's inequalities for the maximum partial sums of random variables are basic tools for studying the strong laws of large numbers. In this paper, motived by the notion of independent and identically distributed random variables under the sub-linear expectation initiated by Peng (2006, 2008b), we introduce the concept of negative dependence of random variables and establish Kolmogorov's and Rosenthal's inequalities for the maximum partial sums of negatively dependent random variables under the sub-linear expectations. As an application, we show that Kolmogorov's strong law of larger numbers holds for independent and identically distributed under a continuous sub-linear expectation if and only if the corresponding Choquet integral is finite.
description: 20 pages
Mortality risk in preterm and small-for-gestational-age infants in low-income and middle-income countries: a pooled country analysis
Creators: name: Schmiegelow, Christentze
name: Mongkolchati, Aroonsri
name: Tielsch, James
name: Katz, Joanne
name: Marchant, Tanya
name: Ndyomugyenyi, Richard
name: Roberfroid, Dominique
name: Willey, Barbara A
name: Cousens, Simon
name: Fawzi, Wafaie
name: Kolsteren, Patrick
name: Humphrey, Jean
name: Barros, Fernando
name: Sania, Ayesha
name: Bhutta, Zulfiqar A
name: Huybregts, Lieven
name: Velaphi, Sithembiso C
name: Adair, Linda
name: Christian, Parul
name: Baqui, Abdullah H
name: Kozuki, Naoko
name: Blencowe, Hannah
name: Osrin, David
name: Ezzati, Majid
name: Silveira, Mariangela F
name: Vaidya, Anjana
name: Lawn, Joy E
name: Mullany, Luke C
name: Nien, Jyh Kae
name: Victora, Cesar G
name: Lee, Anne CC
name: Gonzalez, Rogelio
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Babies with low birthweight (<2500 g) are at increased risk of early mortality. However, low birthweight includes babies born preterm and with fetal growth restriction, and not all these infants have a birthweight less than 2500 g. We estimated the neonatal and infant mortality associated with these two characteristics in low-income and middle-income countries.
Repurposing food and agricultural policies to deliver affordable healthy diets, sustainably and inclusively: what is at stake?
Creators: name: Glauber, Joseph
name: Laborde, David
name: Glauber, Joseph
name: Laborde, David
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: healthy diets
subject: affordability
subject: costs
subject: support measures
subject: vulnerability
subject: sustainability
subject: household income
subject: agricultural policies

description: The analysis presented in this report examines the impacts of repurposing food and agricultural fiscal support and border support on the cost and affordability of healthy diets and several other key socioeconomic, nutritional and climate indicators. The impacts are estimated at the global level, as well as for various income groups and geographic regions. Scenarios include repurposing fiscal support to producer support targeted to high-priority foods (those where current levels of consumption are below that of recommended levels) and to consumer subsidies targeting high-priority foods.
description: FAO Document Repository: https://doi.org/10.4060/cc4348en
Real time relaxation dynamics of macroscopically photo-excited electrons toward the Fermi degeneracy formation in the conduction band of semiconductors
Creators: name: Ohnishi, Hiromasa
name: Tomita, Norikazu
name: Nasu, Keiichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Concerning with the recent experiment of time-resolved two-photon photo-emission spectral measurements on semiconductors (GaAs, InP), we theoretically study real time relaxation dynamics of macroscopically photo-excited electrons, toward the Fermi degeneracy formation in an originally vacant conduction band of these semiconductors. Very soon after the photo-excitation, the whole electrons are shown to exhibit a quite rapid relaxation, like an avalanching phenomenon, mainly due to successive multi-(optical and acoustic) phonon emission from them. Repeating this multi-phonon process, the whole energy distribution of the electrons is shown to become a multi-peaked structure largely elongated over the lower part of the wide conduction band. However, after around 1 ps from the excitation, this relaxation critically slows down, since the emission of a long-wave acoustic phonon from electrons around the Fermi level becomes prohibitively difficult. By using the electron temperature approximation, we show that this slow relaxation is inversely proportional to time. Thus, the formation of the complete Fermi degeneracy takes an infinite time. These theoretical results are quite consistent to the aforementioned recent experiment.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
title: Landowner strategies and the housing affordability crisis in Luxembourg
Creators: name: Bleser, Louis
Year: 2022

description: Strategien von Grundeigentümer zum Horten von Baulücken. Welche Maßnahmen existieren um Baulücken in Luxemburg zu mobilisieren.
description: Strategies of landowners to hoard 'Baulücken'. What measures exist to mobilise 'Baulücken' in Luxembourg.
Modeling the effects of future climate and land-use changes on streamflow in a headwater basin in the Brazilian Caatinga biome
Creators: name: Silva, Alexandro Medeiros
name: da Silva, Richarde Marques
name: Santos, Celso Augusto Guimarães
name: Linhares, Franklin Mendonça
name: Xavier, Ana Paula Campos
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Projected climate changes integrated into future land-use changes are extremely complex and hard to estimate, especially for basins located in semiarid environments. This work aims to estimate streamflow and the future water yield using climate prediction and land-use changes in the Salgado River basin for the 2030 − 2060 period. In this study, the applicability of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and Land Change Modeler models was verified to estimate flows and land use and cover for the studied basin. Calibration and validation of the SWAT model are used on a monthly basis for 1986 − 2017, with a calibration period from 1986 to 2006 and a validation period from 2007 − 2017. Land use and cover analysis is performed for the 1985 − 2000 period, and future land use and cover is predicted using the land change model for 2050. In addition, future hydrological modeling of the geographical distribution of the water yield is performed for each subbasin of the Salgado River basin from the 2030 to 2060 period. The results of land use and cover changes show that the pasture class was the one that showed the most significant increase in the basin due to recent changes in land use and cover. The results showed that the HadGEM2-ES model presented a minor difference in the representative concentration pathways (RCP) 2.6, which indicates that this model is the most suitable for rainfall-runoff simulations in the region.
Clustering as a prerequisite for chimera states in globally coupled systems
Creators: name: Schmidt, Lennart
name: Krischer, Katharina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The coexistence of coherently and incoherently oscillating parts in a system of identical oscillators with symmetrical coupling, i.e., a chimera state, is even observable with uniform global coupling. We address the question of the prerequisites for these states to occur in globally coupled systems. By analyzing two different types of chimera states found for nonlinear global coupling, we show that a clustering mechanism to split the ensemble into two groups is needed as a first step. In fact, the chimera states inherit properties from the cluster states in which they originate. Remarkably, they can exist in parameter space between cluster and chaotic states, as well as between cluster and synchronized states.
Effects of intensive glycaemic control on ischaemic heart disease: analysis of data from the randomised, controlled ACCORD trial
Creators: name: Largay, Joe
name: Lochnan, Heather A
name: McDonald, Charlotte
name: Ismail-Beigi, Faramarz
name: Miller, Michael E
name: Booth, Gillian L
name: Gerstein, Hertzel C
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The possibility that hyperglycemia accounts for the 2–3 fold higher risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in type 2 diabetes was explored by assessing the effect of intensive glucose lowering on IHD in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial.
Almost Sure Frequency Independence of the Dimension of the Spectrum of Sturmian Hamiltonians
Creators: name: Damanik, David
name: Gorodetski, Anton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the spectrum of discrete Schrödinger operators with Sturmian potentials and show that for sufficiently large coupling, its Hausdorff dimension and its upper box counting dimension are the same for Lebesgue almost every value of the frequency.
description: 12 pages, to appear in Commun. Math. Phys
Quantum simulation of the Schwinger model: A study of feasibility
Creators: name: Kühn, Stefan
name: Cirac, J. Ignacio
name: Bañuls, Mari-Carmen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze some crucial questions regarding the practical feasibility of quantum simulation for lattice gauge models. Our analysis focuses on two models suitable for the quantum simulation of the Schwinger Hamiltonian, or QED in 1+1 dimensions, which we investigate numerically using tensor networks. In particular, we explore the effect of representing the gauge degrees of freedom with finite-dimensional systems and show that the results converge rapidly; thus even with small dimensions it is possible to obtain a reasonable accuracy. We also discuss the time scales required for the adiabatic preparation of the interacting vacuum state and observe that for a suitable ramping of the interaction the required time is almost insensitive to the system size and the dimension of the physical systems. Finally, we address the possible presence of noninvariant terms in the Hamiltonian that is realized in the experiment and show that for low levels of noise it is still possible to achieve a good precision for some ground-state observables, even if the gauge symmetry is not exact in the implemented model.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures, published version
Modeling statistics of the natural aggregation structures and processes with the solution of generalized logistic equation
Creators: name: Maslov, Lev A.
name: Chebotarev, Vladimir I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The generalized logistic equation is derived to model kinetics and statistics of natural processes such as earthquakes, forest fires, floods, landslides, and many others. The general solution of this equation for q=1 is a product of an increasing bounded function and power-law function with stretched exponential cut-off; the power-law distribution is asymptotically nested in the stretched exponential distribution. The relation with Tsallis non-extensive statistics is demonstrated by solving the generalized logistic equation for q>0. In the case 01 it models sub-additive structures. The Gutenberg-Richter G-R) formula results from interpretation of empirical data as a straight line in the area of stretched exponent with small α. The solution is applied for modeling distribution of foreshocks and aftershocks in the regions of Napa Valley 2014, and Sumatra 2004 earthquakes fitting the observed data well, both qualitatively and quantitatively.
description: 16 pages, 2 figures
Global, regional, and national incidence and mortality for HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria during 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
Creators: name: Achoki, Tom
name: Abu-Raddad, Laith J
name: Abraham, Jerry P
name: Murray, Christopher J L
name: Abd-Allah, Foad
name: Foreman, Kyle
name: Coggeshall, Megan S
name: Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen Me
name: Naghavi, Mohsen
name: Brown, Jonathan C
name: Graetz, Nicholas
name: Dandona, Lalit
name: Ortblad, Katrina F
name: Abera, Semaw Ferede
name: Johnson, Elizabeth K
name: Lim, Stephen S
name: Adeyemo, Austine Olufemi
name: Phillips, Bryan K
name: Abubakar, Ibrahim
name: Wolock, Timothy M
name: Dicker, Daniel
name: Dansereau, Emily A
name: Fleming, Thomas D
name: Heuton, Kyle R
name: Roberts, D Allen
name: Phillips, David E
name: Barber, Ryan M
name: Salomon, Joshua A
name: Flaxman, Abraham D
name: Wang, Haidong
name: Duber, Herbert C
name: Guinovart, Caterina
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The Millennium Declaration in 2000 brought special global attention to HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria through the formulation of Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 6. The Global Burden of Disease 2013 study provides a consistent and comprehensive approach to disease estimation for between 1990 and 2013, and an opportunity to assess whether accelerated progress has occurred since the Millennium Declaration.
On one dimensional dissipative Schrödinger-type operators, their dilations and eigenfunction expansions
Creators: name: Kaiser, Hans-Christoph
name: Neidhardt, Hagen
name: Rehberg, Joachim
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: dissipative Schrödinger-type operators
subject: Sturm-Liouville operators
subject: characteristic function
subject: minimal dilation
subject: eigenfunction expansion
subject: 47B44
subject: 47E05

description: We study in detail Schrödinger-type operators on a bounded interval of the real axis with dissipative boundary conditions. The characteristic function of such operators is computed, its minimal self-adjoint dilation is constructed and the generalized eigenfunction expansion for the dilation is developed. The problem is motivated by semiconductor physics.
Multi-strange baryon production in pp, p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions measured with ALICE at the LHC
Creators: name: Alexandre, Didier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multi-strange baryons are of particular interest in the understanding of particle production mechanisms, as their high strangeness content makes them susceptible to changes in the hadrochemistry of the colliding systems. In ALICE, these hyperons are reconstructed via the detection of their weak decay products, which are identified through their measured ionisation losses and momenta in the Time Projection Chamber. The production rates of charged $Ξ$ and $Ω$ baryons in proton-proton (pp), proton-lead (p-Pb) and lead-lead (Pb-Pb) collisions are reported as a function of $p_{\mathrm{T}}$. A direct comparison in the hyperon-to-pion ratios between the three collision systems is made as a function of event charged-particle multiplicity. The recently measured production rates in p-Pb interactions reveal an enhancement with increasing event multiplicity, consistent with a hierarchy dependent on the strangeness content of the hyperons. These results are discussed in the context of chemical equilibrium predictions, taking into account the extracted temperature parameter from a thermal model fit to the hadron yields in Pb-Pb data.
Phase-field systems with vectorial order parameters including diffusional hysteresis effects
Creators: name: Kenmochi, Nobuyuki
name: Sprekels, Jürgen
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Parabolic systems
subject: phase-field models
subject: hysteresis
subject: a priori estimates
subject: existence
subject: uniqueness
subject: phase transitions
subject: 35K45
subject: 35K50
subject: 47J40
subject: 80A20
subject: 80A22

description: This paper is concerned with phase-field systems of Penrose-Fife type which model the dynamics of a phase transition with non-conserved vectorial order parameter. The main novelty of the model is that the evolution of the order parameter vector is governed by a system consisting of one partial differential equation and one partial differential inclusion, which in the simplest case may be viewed as a diffusive approximation of the so-called multi-dimensional stop operator, which is one of the fundamental hysteresis operators. Results concerning existence, uniqueness and continuous dependence on data are presented which can be viewed as generalizations of recent results by the authors to cases where a diffusive hysteresis occurs.
Global, regional, and national levels and causes of maternal mortality during 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
Creators: name: Adou, Arsène Kouablan
name: Ali, Raghib
name: Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw
name: Alasfoor, Deena
name: Wolock, Timothy M
name: Abd-Allah, Foad
name: Shackelford, Katya A
name: Heuton, Kyle R
name: Adelekan, Ademola
name: Kassebaum, Nicholas J
name: Al Kahbouri, Mazin J
name: Coggeshall, Megan S
name: Dicker, Daniel
name: Abubakar, Ibrahim
name: Barber, Ryan
name: Alhabib, Samia
name: Alla, François
name: Allen, Peter J
name: Adsuar, José C
name: Achoki, Tom
name: AlMazroa, Mohammad A
name: Agardh, Emilie E
name: Gonzalez-Medina, Diego
name: Akena, Dickens
name: Abera, Semaw Ferede
name: Ozgoren, Ayse Abbasoglu
name: Ademi, Zanfina
name: Bertozzi-Villa, Amelia
name: Huynh, Chantal
name: Alfonso-Cristancho, Rafael
name: Templin, Tara
name: Steiner, Caitlyn
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The fifth Millennium Development Goal (MDG 5) established the goal of a 75% reduction in the maternal mortality ratio (MMR; number of maternal deaths per 100 000 livebirths) between 1990 and 2015. We aimed to measure levels and track trends in maternal mortality, the key causes contributing to maternal death, and timing of maternal death with respect to delivery.
Coherent regulation in yeast cell cycle network
Creators: name: Aral, Nese
name: Kabakcioglu, Alkan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We define a measure of coherent activity for gene regulatory networks, a property that reflects the unity of purpose between the regulatory agents with a common target. We propose that such harmonious regulatory action is desirable under a demand for energy efficiency and may be selected for under evolutionary pressures. We consider two recent models of the cell-cycle regulatory network of the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as a case study and calculate their degree of coherence. A comparison with random networks of similar size and composition reveals that the yeast's cell-cycle regulation is wired to yield and exceptionally high level of coherent regulatory activity. We also investigate the mean degree of coherence as a function of the network size, connectivity and the fraction of repressory/activatory interactions.
description: 17 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables. Extensively revised and submitted for publication
Active Microrheology in Active Matter Systems: Mobility, Intermittency and Avalanches
Creators: name: Reichhardt, C.
name: Reichhardt, C. J. Olson
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the mobility and velocity fluctuations of a driven particle moving through an active matter bath of self-mobile disks for varied density or area coverage and varied activity. We show that the driven particle mobility can exhibit non-monotonic behavior that is correlated with distinct changes in the spatial-temporal structures that arise in the active media. We demonstrate that the probe particle velocity distributions exhibit specific features in the different dynamic regimes, and identify an activity-induced uniform crystallization that occurs for moderate activity levels and that is distinct from the previously observed higher activity cluster phase. The velocity distribution in the cluster phase has telegraph noise characteristics produced when the probe particle moves alternately through high mobility areas that are in the gas state and low mobility areas that are in the dense phase. For higher densities and large activities, the system enters what we characterize as an active jamming regime. Here the probe particle moves in intermittent jumps or avalanches which how power-law distributed sizes that are similar to the avalanche distributions observed for non-active disk systems near the jamming transition.
description: 8 pages, 8 postscript figures
Revisiting the Glansdorff-Prigogine criterion for stability within irreversible thermodynamics
Creators: name: Maes, Christian
name: Netocny, Karel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Glansdorff and Prigogine (1970) proposed a decomposition of the entropy production rate, which today is mostly known for Markov processes as the Hatano-Sasa approach. Their context was irreversible thermodynamics which, while ignoring fluctuations, still allows a somewhat broader treatment than the one based on the Master or Fokker-Planck equation. Glansdorff and Prigogine were the first to introduce a notion of excess entropy production rate $δ^2$EP and they suggested as sufficient stability criterion for a nonequilibrium macroscopic condition that $δ^2$EP be positive. We find for nonlinear diffusions that their excess entropy production rate is itself the time-derivative of a local free energy which is the close-to-equilibrium functional governing macroscopic fluctuations. The positivity of the excess $δ^2$EP, for which we state a simple sufficient condition, is therefore equivalent with the monotonicity in time of that functional in the relaxation to steady nonequilibrium. There also appears a relation with recent extensions of the Clausius heat theorem close-to-equilibrium. The positivity of $δ^2$EP immediately implies a Clausius (in)equality for the excess heat. A final and related question concerns the operational meaning of fluctuation functionals, nonequilibrium free energies, and how they make their entrée in irreversible thermodynamics.
description: 19 pages, v1->v2: minor corrections and some rearrangement (mainly Sections I and II)
A path-valued Markov process indexed by the ancestral mass
Creators: name: Pardoux, Etienne
name: Wakolbinger, Anton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60J25, 60J75, 60J80, 92D25

description: A family of Feller branching diffusions $Z^x$, $x \ge 0$, with nonlinear drift and initial value $x$ can, with a suitable coupling over the {\em ancestral masses} $x$, be viewed as a path-valued process indexed by $x$. For a coupling due to Dawson and Li, which in case of a linear drift describes the corresponding Feller branching diffusion, and in our case makes the path-valued process Markovian, we find an SDE solved by $Z$, which is driven by a random point measure on excursion space. In this way we are able to identify the infinitesimal generator of the path-valued process. We also establish path properties of $x\mapsto Z^x$ using various couplings of $Z$ with classical Feller branching diffusions.
description: 23 pages, 1 figure. This version will appear in ALEA. Compared to v1, it contains amendmends mainly in Sec. 2 and in the proof of Proposition 4.1
Global, regional, and national levels of neonatal, infant, and under-5 mortality during 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
Creators: name: Amankwaa, Adansi A
name: Wang, Yanping
name: Apfel, Henry
name: Iannarone, Marissa
name: Abera, Semaw Ferede
name: Liddell, Chelsea A
name: Zhou, Maigeng
name: Alvarez, Elena
name: Coates, Matthew M
name: Li, Yichong
name: Zhu, Jun
name: Lofgren, Katherine T
name: Dorrington, Rob E
name: Jacobs, Troy A
name: AlMazroa, Mohammad AbdulAziz
name: Phillips, Bryan
name: Achoki, Tom
name: Allen, Peter J
name: Adelekan, Ademola
name: Mooney, Meghan D
name: Ozgoren, Ayse Abbasoglu
name: Rakovac, Ivo
name: Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw
name: Abubakar, Ibrahim
name: Yang, Gonghuan
name: Liang, Xiaofeng
name: Schumacher, Austin E
name: Liu, Shiwei
name: Levitz, Carly E
name: Wang, Haidong
name: Sandar, Logan
name: Ademi, Zanfina
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Remarkable financial and political efforts have been focused on the reduction of child mortality during the past few decades. Timely measurements of levels and trends in under-5 mortality are important to assess progress towards the Millennium Development Goal 4 (MDG 4) target of reduction of child mortality by two thirds from 1990 to 2015, and to identify models of success.
Measurement of the $ϕ^*_η$ distribution of muon pairs with masses between 30 and 500 GeV in 10.4 fb$^{-1}$ of $p\bar{p}$ collisions
Creators: name: D0 Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a measurement of the distribution of the variable $ϕ^*_η$ for muon pairs with masses between 30 and 500 GeV, using the complete Run II data set collected by the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron proton-antiproton collider. This corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 10.4 fb$^{-1}$ at $\sqrt{s}$ = 1.96 TeV. The data are corrected for detector effects and presented in bins of dimuon rapidity and mass. The variable $ϕ^*_η$ probes the same physical effects as the $Z/γ^*$ boson transverse momentum, but is less susceptible to the effects of experimental resolution and efficiency. These are the first measurements at any collider of the $ϕ^*_η$ distributions for dilepton masses away from the $Z\rightarrow \ell^+\ell^-$ boson mass peak. The data are compared to QCD predictions based on the resummation of multiple soft gluons.
description: Accepted for publication in Phys.Rev.D
title: Podcasts - an der Grenze zum Qualitätsjournalismus
Creators: name: Hruschka, Lina Chiara
Year: 2022

description: Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, wieweit redaktionelle, journalistische Podcasts als Beispiele von Qualitätsjournalismus anzusehen sind. Analysiert wird diese Fragestellung anhand der Zuordnung von Podcasts zur Kategorie des narrativen Journalismus. Im Rahmen der Literaturrecherche wurden die Begriffe Podcast und Narration ebenso definiert wie die Frage, inwieweit ein narrativer journalistischer Ansatz mit der Anforderung von journalistischer Qualität vereinbar ist. Dabei wird auf die ausschlaggebenden Faktoren eingegangen, die gegen eine Einordnung von narrativem Journalismus in die Qualitätskategorie sprechen, aber auch auf relativierende oder anderslautende wissenschaftliche Betrachtungen, die dieser Ansicht entgegengesetzt sind. Anhand der wissenschaftlichen Literatur wurden die wesentlichsten Charakteristika von narrativem Journalismus herausgearbeitet. Deren spezifische Verwendung wurde anschließend mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse nach Kuckartz untersucht. Diese qualitative Inhaltsanalyse wurde an vier redaktionellen journalistischen Podcasts österreichischer Qualitätsprintmedien vorgenommen, die über den Terroranschlag in Wien am 2.11.2020 berichteten. Das Ergebnis zeigt, dass alle vier Podcasts die wesentlichen Kriterien eines narrativen Jour- nalismus erfüllen. Es konnten in allen untersuchten Beispielen sehr spezifische Anwendungen von narrativen Elementen belegt werden. Insgesamt kommt die vorliegende Arbeit zum Ergebnis, dass alle analysierten Podcasts be- gründet der Kategorie Qualitätsjournalismus zugeordnet werden können.