cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Raising the Standard: The War on Global Poverty
Creators: name: Bhalla, Surjit S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Economics

description: It would be an understatement to say that poverty reduction is one of the most important goals of our time. Much has been written on this topic, and the fight against world poverty is now almost forty years old. In 1973, Robert McNamara, President of the World Bank, made a speech about the need to fight global poverty, a speech that launched concentrated work, effort and aid towards poverty reduction by the developed and developing world.
ภาพลักษณ์ของทหารรับจ้างไทยจากสงครามลับในลาวในสารนิยายของสยุมภู ทศพล พ.ศ. 2516-2519
Creators: name: สืบสายสยาม ชูศิริ
Publisher: name: คณะศิลปศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยธรรมศาสตร์
Year: 2023
Subjects: วีรบุรุษ
เหยื่อ
ทหารรับจ้างไทย
สงครามลับในลาว
สยุมภู ทศพล

description: วารสารประวัติศาสตร์ ธรรมศาสตร์, 10, 1, 54-78
title: In solennem Promotionis actum & Festivitatem, Viri Clariss. Dn. M. Hectoris Sclanofii Alsfeldiani
Creators: name: Eccard, Philipp
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2025
Subjects: Manuscripts & rare books
Handschriften, seltene Bücher
Festschrift

description: Elektronische Reproduktion von: In solennem Promotionis actum & Festivitatem, Viri Clariss. Dn. M. Hectoris Sclanofii Alsfeldiani : Cum In Publica Academiæ Marpurg. Panegyri Medicinæ Doctor à Præclariss. ... Dn. Henrico Ellenbergero, Med. D. Et Profess. ... renunciaretur ; Amicorum Acclamationes Gratulatoriæ. - Marpurgi Cattorum : Excudebat Paulus Egenolphus, Typog. Acad, MDCI. - [8] Seiten ; 4°. - 
Standort: Universität Marburg, Universitätsbibliothek. - 
Signatur: VIII B 331 db, 22. - 
Bemerkungen: Erscheinungsdatum in neulateinsichen Zahlzeichen mit gespiegeltem "c". - 
Titeleinrahmung. -
Titel- und Schlussvignette. - 
Die Rückseite des Titelblatts ist unbedruckt. - 
(Hassiaca)

Digitalisiert 2025
The SWELLS survey. IV. Precision measurements of the stellar and dark matter distributions in a spiral lens galaxy
Creators: name: Barnabè, Matteo
name: Dutton, Aaron A.
name: Marshall, Philip J.
name: Auger, Matthew W.
name: Brewer, Brendon J.
name: Treu, Tommaso
name: Bolton, Adam S.
name: Koo, David C.
name: Koopmans, Léon V. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a fully self-consistent mass model for the lens galaxy J2141 at z=0.14, and use it to improve on previous studies by modelling its gravitational lensing effect, gas rotation curve and stellar kinematics simultaneously. We adopt a very flexible axisymmetric mass model constituted by a generalized NFW dark matter halo and a stellar mass distribution obtained by deprojecting the MGE fit to the high-resolution K'-band LGSAO imaging data of the galaxy, with the (spatially constant) M/L ratio as a free parameter. We model the stellar kinematics by solving the anisotropic Jeans equations. We find that the inner logarithmic slope of the dark halo is weakly constrained (gamma = 0.82^{+0.65}_{-0.54}), and consistent with an unmodified NFW profile. We infer the galaxy to have (i) a dark matter fraction within 2.2 disk radii of 0.28^{+0.15}_{-0.10}, independent of the galaxy stellar population, implying a maximal disk for J2141; (ii) an apparently uncontracted dark matter halo, with concentration c_{-2} = 7.7_{-2.5}^{+4.2} and virial velocity v_{vir} = 242_{-39}^{+44} km/s, consistent with LCDM predictions; (iii) a slightly oblate halo (q_h = 0.75^{+0.27}_{-0.16}), consistent with predictions from baryon-affected models. Comparing the stellar mass inferred from the combined analysis (log_{10} Mstar/Msun = 11.12_{-0.09}^{+0.05}) with that inferred from SPS modelling of the galaxies colours, and accounting for a cold gas fraction of 20+/-10%, we determine a preference for a Chabrier IMF over Salpeter IMF by a Bayes factor of 5.7 (substantial evidence). We infer a value beta_{z} = 1 - sigma^2_{z}/sigma^2_{R} = 0.43_{-0.11}^{+0.08} for the orbital anisotropy parameter in the meridional plane, in agreement with most studies of local disk galaxies, and ruling out at 99% CL that the dynamics of this system can be described by a two-integral distribution function. [Abridged]
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 17 pages, 9 figures
Competition for Corporate Control: Institutional Investors, Investment Funds, and Hostile Takeovers in Japan
Creators: name: Schaede, Ulrike
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Commerce

description: The recession and banking crisis of the 1990s have triggered a complete reorientation in corporate strategy by large Japanese firms, away from the previous goal of diversification financed by bank loans, and towards market-financed concentration on select core businesses. The transition has necessitated corporate reorganization by almost all large firms, causing a wave of spin-off, mergers, and acquisitions. Extensive legal reforms have enabled this reorganization and introduced more stringent rules on accounting and disclosure. The confluence of these two events - access and transparency - has paved the way for a market for corporate control, fueled by institutional investors and investment funds, including foreigners, as major players. While the M&A boom of the early 21st century may partially be attributable to a window of economic opportunity, the systemic changes in Japan's financial markets are irreversible and therefore constitute a strategic inflection point. Contested corporate control has become an indelible part of Japanese finance and corporate governance.
ความเป็นมาของคำล้านนาและล้านนาไทยโดยสังเขป
Creators: name: พริษฐ์ ชิวารักษ์
Publisher: name: คณะศิลปศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยธรรมศาสตร์
Year: 2023
Subjects: ล้านนา
ล้านนาไทย
ภูมินาม
ประวัติคำ
รากศัพท์

description: วารสารประวัติศาสตร์ ธรรมศาสตร์, 10, 1, 79-106
Stability for the spherically symmetric Einstein-Vlasov system - a coercivity estimate
Creators: name: Hadzic, Mahir
name: Rein, Gerhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35B35, 85A05, 35Q75

description: The stability of static solutions of the spherically symmetric, asymptotically flat Einstein-Vlasov system is studied using a Hamiltonian approach based on energy-Casimir functionals. The main result is a coercivity estimate for the quadratic part of the expansion of the natural energy-Casimir functional about an isotropic steady state. The estimate shows in a quantified way that this quadratic part is positive definite on a class of linearly dynamically accessible perturbations, provided the particle distribution of the steady state is a strictly decreasing function of the particle energy and provided the steady state is not too relativistic. This should be an essential step in a fully non-linear stability analysis for the Einstein-Vlasov system. In the present paper it is exploited for obtaining a linearized stability result.
description: 35 pages
The Astronomical Significance of 'Nilurallu', The Megalithic Stone Alignment at Muradoddiin Andhra Pradesh, India
Creators: name: Rao, N. Kameswara
name: Thakur, Priya
name: Mallinathpur, Yogesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The stone alignment 'Nilurallu' at Murardoddi is a megalithic monument containing standing stones of 12 to 16 feet high that are arranged somewhat in a squarish pattern. This is one of the stone alignments listed by Allchin (1956) as a non-sepulchal array that might have some astronomical connotations. This impressive stone alignment seems to be similar to that at Vibhuthihalli, that was studied earlier, but constructed with much larger stones. The observations conducted by us show that the rows of stones are aligned to the directions of sunrise (and sunset) on calendrically-important events, like equinoxes and solstices. In contrast to Vibhuthihalli, the shadows of stones provide a means of measuring shorter intervals of time. Key words: Observational astronomy, megalithic astronomy, stone alignments, equinoxes, solstices, sunrises
Additional file 3 of Risk factors for the critical illness in SARS-CoV-2 infection: a multicenter retrospective cohort study
Creators: name: Cheng, Sijing
name: Wu, Dingfeng
name: Li, Jie
name: Zou, Yifeng
name: Wan, Yunle
name: Shen, Lihan
name: Zhu, Lixin
name: Shi, Mang
name: Hou, Linlin
name: Xu, Tao
name: Jiao, Na
name: Li, Yichen
name: Huang, Yibo
name: Tang, Zhipeng
name: Xu, Mingwei
name: Jiang, Shusong
name: Li, Maokun
name: Yan, Guangjun
name: Lan, Ping
name: Zhu, Ruixin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Additional file 3: Supplementary Table S3. Laboratory findings of all critically ill patients on admission and before discharge.
title: Wolgemeintes Ehren-Gedicht, Mit welchem Dem Wohl-Edel, Vest und Hochgelahrten Herrn Ludwig Adolff Seippen, Beyder Rechten Licentiaten und berühmten Advocaten zu Marburg, Als Ihme daselbst von löblicher Universität, durch den Hoch-Edel, ... Herrn Erich Graff, J.U.D. ... , Glückwünschend auffwarten wollen Zwey gute Freunde
Creators: name: Seipp, Johann Ludwig
name: Bredhauer, Johann Heinrich
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2025
Subjects: Festschrift
Generalities, Science
Allgemeines, Wissenschaft

description: Elektronische Reproduktion von: Wolgemeintes Ehren-Gedicht, Mit welchem Dem Wohl-Edel, Vest vnd Hochgelahrten Herrn Ludwig Adolff Seippen, Beyder Rechten Licentiaten vnd berühmten Advocaten zu Marburg, Als Ihme daselbst von löblicher Vniversität, durch den Hoch-Edel, ... Herrn Erich Graff, J.U.D. ... beyder Rechten mit gewöhnlichen Solennitäten am 15. Febr. im Jahr 1666. zugeeignet wurde, Glückwünschend auffwarten wollen Zwey gute Freunde. - Marburg : Gedruckt bey Salomon Schadewitz, dero Löbl. Universität bestellten Buchdruckern, [1666]. - [4] Seiten ; 4°. - 
Standort: Universität Marburg, Universitätsbibliothek. - 
Signatur: VIII B 331 db, 22. - 
Werktitel: Wolgemeintes Ehren-Gedicht, Mit welchem Dem Wohl-Edel, Vest und Hochgelahrten Herrn Ludwig Adolff Seippen, Beyder Rechten Licentiaten und berühmten Advocaten zu Marburg, Als Ihme daselbst von löblicher Universität, durch den Hoch-Edel, ... Herrn Erich Graff, J.U.D. ... beyder Rechten mit gewöhnlichen Solennitäten am 15. Febr. im Jahr 1666. zugeeignet wurde, Glückwünschend auffwarten wollen Zwey gute Freunde. - 
Anmerkung: Umlaute im Text mit übergestelltem "e" dargestellt. - 
Erscheinungsdatum der Datierung im Titel entnommen. - 
(Hassiaca)

Digitalisiert 2025
Panel – Shaping the Digital Library Research Agenda
Creators: name: Peroni, Silvio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: digital libraries
decentralisation
customisability

description: Speech during the panel "Shaping the Digital Library Research Agenda" orgainsed within the 15th Italian Research Conference on Digital Libraries, with Maristella Agosti, Cameron Neylon, Eloy Rodrigues, and Costantino Thanos.
Robustly Efficient Equilibria in Non-Convex Economies
Creators: name: Chichilnisky, Graciela
name: Heal, Geoffrey M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1992
Subjects: Economics

description: An economy has a robustly efficient marginal cost pricing equilibrium (mcpe) if it has an mcpe that is Pareto efficient and if this property is preserved under small variations in preferences endowments and technologies. We consider economies in which there is a finite number of equilibria, each of which varies continuously with preferences and endowments. We prove that there exist no robustly efficient marginal cost pricing equilibria.
Fast Scramblers and Non-Commutative Gauge Theories
Creators: name: Edalati, Mohammad
name: Fischler, Willy
name: Pedraza, Juan F.
name: Garcia, Walter Tangarife
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fast scramblers are quantum systems which thermalize in a time scale logarithmic in the number of degrees of freedom of the system. Non-locality has been argued to be an essential feature of fast scramblers. We provide evidence in support of the crucial role of non-locality in such systems by considering the approach to thermalization in a (strongly-coupled) high temperature non-commutative gauge theory. We show that non-locality inherent to non-commutative gauge theories does indeed accelerate the rate of dissipation in the heat bath in stark contrast to the slow random walk diffusive behavior prevalent in local field theories.
description: v2: 22 pages, reformatted, version to be published in JHEP
A Characterization Of Cointegration
Creators: name: Dhrymes, Phoebus J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1993
Subjects: Economics

description: In this paper we revisit the definition and characterization of cointegration given in Engle and Granger (1987) (EG). In addition to correcting a number of errors and mistatements in that paper, we redefine the meaning of cointegration in the context of a MAR ( ) (multivariate AR) rendition of the stochastic sequence, rather than the MMA ( ) rendition of differenced sequence as in EG.
Additional file 2 of Follow-up schedule for initial recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after ablation based on risk classification
Creators: name: Sun, Xuqi
name: Li, Lingling
name: Lyu, Ning
name: Mu, Luwen
name: Lai, Jinfa
name: Zhao, Ming
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer
Science Policy

description: Additional file 2: Supplement Table 1. Characteristics of Second Recurrent HCCs in Subgroups with Different Number of Risk Factors
Inclusive top-pair production phenomenology with TOPIXS
Creators: name: Beneke, M.
name: Falgari, P.
name: Klein, S.
name: Piclum, J.
name: Schwinn, C.
name: Ubiali, M.
name: Yan, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss various aspects of inclusive top-quark pair production based on TOPIXS, a new, flexible program that computes the production cross section at the Tevatron and LHC at next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy in soft and Coulomb resummation, including bound-state effects and the complete next-to-next-to-leading order result in the q-qbar channel, which has recently become available. We present the calculation of the top-pair cross section in pp collisions at 8 TeV centre-of-mass energy, as well as the cross sections for hypothetical heavy quarks in extensions of the standard model. The dependence on the parton distribution input is studied. Further we investigate the impact of LHC top cross section measurements at sqrt(s)=7 TeV on global fits of the gluon distribution using the NNPDF re-weighting method.
description: 27 pages, 5 figures; v2: corrected typos in Eqs. (2.8) and (6.2) and the text, added footnote on page 4, matches published version
Japan's new central banking law: A critical view
Creators: name: Mikitani, Ryoichi
name: Kuwayama, Patricia H.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1998
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: Japan's new central banking law, enacted in June 1997 with effect from April 1, 1998, takes several steps in the direction of assuring greater transparency, independence, and accountability for the Bank of Japan's conduct of monetary policy. But with respect to the other functions of a central bank, it does no such thing. Instead, the approach has been to leave these traditional banking functions which are at least important as monetary policy narrowly defined - as much as practicable under the control of the government's finance ministry. Most disappointing has been the opaque and haphazard process by which the new law was drafted and passed. This reflects badly on the maturity of Japan's democratic institutions, and represents a discouraging start to the government's "Big Bang" program of financial reform. However, the law does not, in itself, preclude the emergence of an independent and successful central bank: That outcome will depend much more on actions taken by BoJ officials over the next few years.
Observable estimation of entanglement of formation and quantum discord for bipartite mixed quantum states
Creators: name: Zhang, Chengjie
name: Yu, Sixia
name: Chen, Qing
name: Oh, C. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present observable lower and upper bounds for the entanglement of formation (EOF) and quantum discord (QD), which facilitates estimates of EOF and QD for arbitrary experimental unknown states in finite-dimensional bipartite systems. These bounds can be easily obtained by a few experimental measurements on a twofold copy $\varrho\otimes\varrho$ of the mixed states. Based on our results, we use the experimental measurement data of the real experiment given by Schmid \textit{et al.} [Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{101}, 260505 (2008)] to obtain the lower and upper bounds of EOF and QD for the experimental unknown state.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
A convenience model of spatial competition
Creators: name: Tweedle, Jesse William
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2009

description: Bibliography: p. 39-40
description: We adapt Hotelling's standard model of spatial competition to include the retailing of convenience goods. Consumers do not make special purpose trips to acquire goods like gasoline or groceries, but instead buy them as the need arises in the course of their daily lives. We analyze three versions of the convenience model of spatial competition: first, a restricted model in which consumers can't go out of their way to purchase the good. Second, an unrestricted model in which consumers are allowed to change their route to purchase a good. Third, the standard Hotelling model. We solve the restricted model analytically to investigate some simple firm equilibrium behaviour. Solving the second and third models via discrete approximations allows us to analyze price and location competition. We find the convenience specification of the model results in lower expected prices for the consumer, lower profits for firms, and more competition relative to the Hotelling model.
Unarmed forces : civilian strategy and separatist conflict in Southeast Asia
Creators: name: Barter, Shane Joshua
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Civilians are primarily characterized as the victims of war. While they are indeed victims, focusing solely on their victimization obscures the ways in which civilians navigate bloody conflicts. What options are available to civilians in times of war? I propose that civilians possess three broad options: they may flee, support armed groups, or speak out. While each of these phenomena has been studied extensively, they are not always approached as choices and have yet to be seen as parts of a broad menu of civilian choice. The flight, support, voice schema allows for new insights into the decisions made by those who choose not to fight. My project is based on multi-site ethnographic research in three Southeast Asian conflicts, including interviews with over three hundred persons. Utilizing these and other data, my study speaks to several questions: What types of civilians are more likely to choose flight, support, or voice? Why do some civilians flee, while others stay behind? Why do some civilians provide various forms of support to armed groups, while others do not? Why do some civilians raise their voices, despite the obvious risks, while others remain silent? How might civilian decisions influence armed groups and shape a given conflict? In all three cases, flight was especially common among young men and regional ethnic minorities. They fled primarily to gain security and economic opportunities. Village chiefs and Islamic leaders tended not to flee, which I explain in terms of socio-cultural expectations. Support for armed groups was most evident among women and Islamic leaders. Support must be explained by a range of factors, including security, economic incentives, socio-cultural expectations, and personal conviction. Distinct forms of voice were taken up by women, activists, farmers, and village chiefs, motivated in large part by conviction against armed conflict (grievances). Societal roles and expectations survive even in times of war, shaping civilian decisions in surprising ways. Civilian decisions can even shape conflict dynamics, as ethnic patterns of support shape zones of combatant control and, through a combined strategy of support and voice, civilian groups can use armed groups to achieve their own goals.
Japanese high technology industrial policy in comparative context
Creators: name: Patrick, Hugh T.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1986
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: Perceptions of Japanese industrial policy have entered the American debate on economic policy in two major ways: as a possible model to emulate in developing a United States industrial policy; and as a shaper of Japanese industrial structure and comparative advantage, especially vis Ã vis major American industries. The main purpose of this chapter is to provide a general assessment of Japanese industrial policy -- its successes and its failures -- because that is an obvious requisite for those attempting to derive possible lessons and implications for United States policy.
Stable Optical Phase Modulation with Micromirrors
Creators: name: Knoernschild, Caleb
name: Kim, Taehyun
name: Maunz, Peter
name: Crain, Stephen
name: Kim, Jungsang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measure the motional fluctuations of a micromechanical mirror using a Michelson interferometer, and demonstrate its interferometric stability. The position stability of the micromirror is dominated by the thermal mechanical noise of the structure. With this level of stability, we utilize the micromirror to realize an ideal optical phase modulator by simply reflecting light off the mirror and modulating its position. The resonant frequency of the modulator can be tuned by applying a voltage between the mirror and an underlying electrode. Full modulation depth of +/-πis achieved when the mirror resonantly excited with a sinusoidal voltage at an amplitude of 11V.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Sea ice in the Canadian Arctic: inter-annual variability and predictability
Creators: name: Tivy, Adrienne
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2009

description: Bibliography: p. 189-202
description: Some pages are in colour.
description: This dissertation investigates the utility of statistical methods towards the development of predictive sea ice models in support of seasonal forecasting efforts at the North American Ice Service (NAIS), the government agency responsible for relaying ice information to the public. Seasonal sea ice forecasting models are required to a) predict the dates of actual sea ice events and b) predict the general pattern of break-up. Statistical methods are employed because deterministic models do not yet adequately represent seasonal or inter-annual variability in sea ice to the level of accuracy required for forecasting. The Canadian Ice Service Digital Archive (CISDA) dataset of weekly ice charts is used as the foundation dataset. The issue of changing sensors over time in CISDA is addressed allowing the full dataset, which begins almost 20 years before the satellite era, to be used in model development. Model development is focused on the Hudson Bay region of Canada where the greatest reduction in summer sea ice cover is observed. Two forecasting models are developed. The first is an exploratory method based on multiple linear regression. Tested on forecasting the opening date of the shipping route to Churchill (OWRC), the model explains 76% of the variability in the OWRC time-series with a forecast success rate of 77%. The methodology has been automated and the regression based seasonal forecasting model (CIS-RSF) will be used operationally at NAIS for the first time in 2009. An initial evaluation of CIS-RSF on 21 time-series of sea ice events in the Arctic produced 7 forecast models; the skill of each model is greater than persistence and the current NAIS forecast technique. The second model uses Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA). To date, it is the only sea ice forecasting model capable of predicting the spatial distribution of sea ice. The model is used to predict the spatial pattern of July ice using North Atlantic SST anomalies in the preceding fall (6 to 9 month lead) as the main predictor. The model explains 53% of the inter-annual variability in ice concentration and has high skill along the shipping route to Churchill. CCA diagnostics suggest a link between the first CCA mode and the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation which may help explain the recent dramatic decrease in ice cover in this region.
Japan's Deep Recession and Protracted Recovery
Creators: name: Patrick, Hugh T.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Commerce

description: This paper discusses Japan's deep recession from summer 2008 to spring 2009 and the recovery as of fall 2009, considers near-term and longer-term prospects, and briefly addresses Japan's international economic relations. The August 2009 Diet Lower House election victory by the opposition Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) heralds a major change in Japanese politics, ending long" term control by the Liberal Democratic Party. While the DPJ proposed significant changes in economic policy in its election campaign, it remains too early to determine just what its economic policies will be in Japan. Japan has a major problem, not just cyclically but structurally: a combination of inadequate domestic demand and its unbalanced composition -- notably a high share of business investment in only slowly growing GDP and a low share of consumption yet little household saving. A further major concern is the persistence of mild deflation for the foreseeable future. Both suggest the need for significant further macroeconomic stimulus to jump-start economic recovery in order to generate full employment sustained growth.
Vacuum energy induced by an impenetrable flux tube of finite radius
Creators: name: Gorkavenko, V. M.
name: Sitenko, Yu. A.
name: Stepanov, O. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the effect of the magnetic field background in the form of a tube of the finite transverse size on the vacuum of the quantized charged massive scalar field which is subject to the Dirichlet boundary condition at the edge of the tube. The vacuum energy is induced, being periodic in the value of the magnetic flux enclosed in the tube. Our previous study in J. Phys. A: Vol.43, 175401 (2010) is extended to the case of smaller radius of the tube and larger distances from it. The dependence of the vacuum energy density on the distance from the tube and on the coupling to the space-time curvature scalar is comprehensively analyzed.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures, journal version, abstract extended. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:0911.2877
Additional file 1 of Endostar continuous versus intermittent intravenous infusion combined with chemotherapy for advanced NSCLC: a systematic review and meta-analysis including non-randomized studies
Creators: name: Wang, Bo
name: Xu, Lu
name: Li, Qihuan
name: Man, Sailimai
name: Jin, Cheng
name: Liu, Lian
name: Zhan, Siyan
name: Ning, Yi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Medicine
Cancer
Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
Commodity bundling in Japanese non-life insurance: Savings-type products as self-selection mechanism
Creators: name: Wallner, Klaus
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1997
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: This paper develops a self-selection rationale for the use of commodity bundling in the case of savings-type casualty insurance in Japan. The savings-cum-insurance bundle is described in detail. Two alternative models to explain its success are presented. The moral hazard model assumes that casualty insurance claims depend on unobservable actions of the insured (lack of care), while the adverse selection model centers around the assumption that consumers have private information about their exogenous claim probability. The likelihood of a claim is inversely related to personal income, because preventive safety measures are normal goods. The evidence from casualty insurance in Japan supports the adverse selection theory, while the moral hazard model is inconsistent with some of the institutional and empirical facts.
A Practical Analysis of Transfer Pricing Methodologies for Bilateral Advance Pricing Arrangements
Creators: name: Yamakawa, Hiroki
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Commerce

description: I was previously Director of Mutual Agreement Procedures, National Tax Agency ('NTA'), in Japan. This paper was written during my stay at Columbia University as senior visiting research scholar. I hope that this paper will lead to further discussion of practical aspects of Transfer Pricing Methodologies for Bilateral Advance Pricing Arrangements. The opinions expressed herein are my personal views and do not necessarily reflect organizational or state positions. It is desirable for multinational enterprises to minimize the risk of economic double taxation arising as a result of transfer pricing adjustments. Such economic double taxation should be, if at all possible, addressed under the condition of rational income allocation between countries. For this purpose we need practicable transfer pricing methodologies. Furthermore, it is better if we have an efficient bilateral framework in which to settle transfer pricing disputes. There is some possibility that Bilateral Advance Pricing Arrangements ('BAPA'), where Transfer Pricing Methodologies ('TPMs') are mainly based on profit methods, can be a reliable way of resolving these disputes. Looking to the past, actual results of BAPA between Japan and the United States may be viewed as a successful model whereby tax authorities have reached agreement in a considerable number of cases of various types related to both inbound and outbound transactions. In this paper, which is intended to be highly supportive of the BAPA, I enumerate the practical points at issue, after taking note of world currents in transfer pricing taxation. I also express some important items for development of the BAPA.
Optimal Tariffs and the Choice of Technology: Discriminatory Tariffs vs. the "Most Favored Nation" clause
Creators: name: Choi, Jay Pil
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1992
Subjects: Economics

description: We compare the effects of optimal tariffs on the technology choice of exporters under the discriminatory tariffs regime and the "Most Favored Nation (MFN)" clause. It is shown that a lower marginal cost (MC) technology will be chosen in equilibrium under the "MFN" clause. As a result, importing country's long-run welfare increases with the adoption of "MFN" while exporting countries welfare decreases in most cases. However expost technology choice, the importing country prefers discriminatory tariffs. This result, therefore, highlights the role of "MFN" as a commitment mechanism to resolve a time-inconsistency problem facing the importing country.
Factors Associated With Delayed Contraceptive Implant Removal in Ethiopia
Creators: name: McDowell, Misti
name: Assefa, Berhane
name: Costenbader, Elizabeth
name: Tejeji, Meza Yirga
name: Tenaw, Eskindir
name: Cartwright, Alice F.
Publisher: name: Johns Hopkins School Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for Communication Programs
Year: 2020

description:
BACKGROUND: In 2009, the Government of Ethiopia initiated the implant scale-up initiative, which expanded contraceptive access by training health extension workers (HEWs) to insert single-rod etonogestrel contraceptive implants (Implanon) at rural health posts. Removals were provided by referrals to higher levels of the health system. However, little was known about whether women were getting their implants removed at the recommended 3-year postinsertion date or what barriers they faced to removal. METHODS: Between June and July 2016, 1,860 Ethiopian women, who had a 1-rod etonogestrel implant inserted by either an HEW or another health care provider between 3 and 6 years prior, were surveyed. We describe the characteristics of the sample and use multivariable logistic regression to predict factors associated with keeping implants inserted beyond 3 years. RESULTS: Women who had received their implants from HEWs were significantly more likely to report keeping them inserted for more than 3 years (adjusted odds ratio=2.50; 95% confidence interval=1.19, 5.24), compared with those who got their implant from another health care provider. Women who reported distance to the facility or transportation as a barrier were also significantly more likely to keep their implant for more than 3 years. Married and educated women were less likely to keep their implants for an extended duration. Among women who had their implant for 3 years or less, women who had had it inserted by an HEW were significantly more likely to report that the provider was unable or refused to provide removal as a barrier. DISCUSSION: Efforts to expand lower level and community-based access to contraceptive implants that do not ensure reliable access to removals at the same level as insertions may lead to women using implants beyond the recommended duration.
title: Ad audiendam orationem sollemnem qua vir doctissimus Ioannes Nicolaus Seip
Creators: name: Duysing, Heinrich Otto
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2025
Subjects: Festschrift
Generalities, Science
Allgemeines, Wissenschaft

description: Elektronische Reproduktion von: Ad Avdiendam Orationem Sollemnem Qva Vir Doctissimvs Ioannes Nicolavs Seip : Marbvrgensis Hassvs Philosophiae Candidatvs Hvivs Scientiae Insignem Vsvm Atqve Praestantiam : D. XV. Calend. Mai. A MDDCCXLVIII In Avditorio Philosophorvm H.C. Commendabit : Litterarvm Patronos ... Observantia Et Hvmanitate / invitat Henr. Otto Dvysing ... - Marbvrgi : Typis Philippi Casimiri Mvlleri Acad. Typogr. Et Bibliopolae, [1749]. - 8 Seiten ; 4°. - 
Standort: Universität Marburg, Universitätsbibliothek. - 
Signatur: VIII B 331 db, 22. - 
Werktitel: Ad audiendam orationem sollemnem qua vir doctissimus Ioannes Nicolaus Seip. - 
Anmerkung: I und J sowie U und V erscheinen in der Informationsquelle als identische Type. - 
Datum im Titel in neulateinischen Zahlzeichen mit gespiegeltem c. - 
Erscheinungsdatum der Datierung im Titel entnommen. - 
Die Rückseite des Titelblatts ist unbedruckt. - 
(Hassiaca)

Digitalisiert 2025
Additional file 5 of Risk factors for the critical illness in SARS-CoV-2 infection: a multicenter retrospective cohort study
Creators: name: Cheng, Sijing
name: Wu, Dingfeng
name: Li, Jie
name: Zou, Yifeng
name: Wan, Yunle
name: Shen, Lihan
name: Zhu, Lixin
name: Shi, Mang
name: Hou, Linlin
name: Xu, Tao
name: Jiao, Na
name: Li, Yichen
name: Huang, Yibo
name: Tang, Zhipeng
name: Xu, Mingwei
name: Jiang, Shusong
name: Li, Maokun
name: Yan, Guangjun
name: Lan, Ping
name: Zhu, Ruixin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Additional file 5: Supplementary Table S5. Imaging features on admission, different hospitals.
Craft wisdom and the certification of school principals: a qualitative study
Creators: name: Thomson, Lyall M.
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2009

description: Bibliography: p. 351-376
description: The dissertation assumed there is a problem in the field of school administration, where the operative knowledge of skilled practitioners is widely regarded as illegitimate. The current practices and literature place a hypothetico-deductive assumption on the scientific metaphor and ignored the moral and personal aspects of practitioner knowledge in the training and certification of school principals. As a result, a new perspective is required in the preparation of principals. This study covered five countries, Australia, Canada (Ontario and Alberta), England, Sweden, and United States of America to determine if craft wisdom was present in the principal certification programs. In addition, four principals, who were directly involved with a four month Government of Alberta review regarding the certification of school principals in that province were interviewed to seek their interpretive perspective of the craft. Through interviews, I discerned their understandings of the elements which a certification program should contain and hence the presence or absence of the inclusion of craft wisdom. Craft wisdom is presented as a construct with three important characteristics. It is highly personal, it has a communal aspect, and it is embedded in ecological systems of thought. In that respect it contrasts with prevailing notions of administrative science, which defines itself in terms of generic skills and competencies. My research methodology was shaped by a sparse literature (Wolcott, 1973; Daresh, 1987; Cooper, 1988) which suggested that the formation of the principal' s role offers a strategic site for the exploration of craft wisdom. I collected data from academic literature, informant structured interviews, focus group, data provided by the principals and personal journals from each informant. I analyzed the data in the grounded theory mode (Charmaz, 2000, 2001; Strauss, 1987). I tested the validity of my conclusions by triangulation of technique and by periodic data gathering (Merriam, 1987). The significance of the study helped to establish the craft wisdom of the principalship as legitimate knowledge and a construct that should be included in the principal certification process. The study painted a rich portrait of the context of school leadership and the subtle wisdom of the craft perspective in Alberta schools.
First firm spectral classification of an early-B pre-main-sequence star: B275 in M17
Creators: name: Ochsendorf, B. B.
name: Ellerbroek, L. E.
name: Chini, R.
name: Hartoog, O. E.
name: Hoffmeister, V.
name: Waters, L. B. F. M.
name: Kaper, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The optical to near-infrared (300 - 2500 nm) spectrum of the candidate massive Young Stellar Object (YSO) B275, embedded in the star forming region M17, has been observed with X-shooter on the ESO Very Large Telescope. The spectrum includes both photospheric absorption lines and emission features (H and Ca triplet emission lines, 1st and 2nd overtone CO bandhead emission), as well as an infrared excess indicating the presence of a (flaring) circumstellar disk. The strongest emission lines are double-peaked with a peak separation ranging between 70 and 105 km s^-1 and provide information on the physical structure of the disk. The underlying photospheric spectrum is classified as B6-B7, significantly cooler than a previous estimate based on modeling of the spectral energy distribution. This discrepancy is solved by allowing for a larger stellar radius (i.e. a bloated star), and thus positioning the star above the main sequence. This constitutes the first firm spectral classification of an early-B pre-main-sequence (PMS) star. We discuss the position of B275 in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram in terms of PMS evolution. Although the position is consistent with PMS tracks of heavily accreting protostars (Macc > 10^-5 Msun yr^-1), the fact that the photosphere of the object is detectable suggests that the current mass-accretion rate is not very high.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted to A&A letters
Supplementary data of 'Ethnicity influences gender role in 17βHSD3 deficiency: our experience and systematic review'
Creators: name: Arya, Sneha
name: Krishnappa, Brijesh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 110306 Endocrinology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: This data is the additional information regarding the manuscript entitled 'Ethnicity influences gender role in 17βHSD3 deficiency: our experience and systematic review'
From Drafts to Checks: The Evolution of Correspondent Banking Networks and the Formation of the Modern U.S. Payments System, 1850-1914
Creators: name: James, John A.
name: Weiman, David F.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Economics

description: Despite their continued prevalence in the U.S., checks circulated locally until the 1890s. The authors explain their lagged spatial diffusion by the evolution of centralized payments institutions to coordinate transactions among myriad banks, not real technological changes to "annihilate" distance. The pivotal institutions were large correspondent banks especially in New York. By the early 1890s New York funds constituted a national settlement medium, and the concentration of bankers' balances in New York yielded liquidity and other externalities smoothing the flow of check payments. Despite the efficiencies of correspondent banks, they unlike the Fed could not readily adopt newer electronic technologies.
Dynamical heterogeneity in aging colloidal glasses of Laponite
Creators: name: Jabbari-Farouji, Sara
name: Zargar, Rojman
name: Wegdam, Gerard
name: Bonn, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Glasses behave as solids due to their long relaxation time; however the origin of this slow response remains a puzzle. Growing dynamic length scales due to cooperative motion of particles are believed to be central to the understanding of both the slow dynamics and the emergence of rigidity. Here, we provide experimental evidence of a growing dynamical heterogeneity length scale that increases with increasing waiting time in an aging colloidal glass of Laponite. The signature of heterogeneity in the dynamics follows from dynamic light scattering measurements in which we study both the rotational and translational diffusion of the disk-shaped particles of Laponite in suspension. These measurements are accompanied by simultaneous microrheology and macroscopic rheology experiments. We find that rotational diffusion of particles slows down at a faster rate than their translational motion. Such decoupling of translational and orientational degrees of freedom finds its origin in the dynamic heterogeneity since rotation and translation probe different length scales in the sample. The macroscopic rheology experiments show that the low frequency shear viscosity increases at a much faster rate than both rotational and translational diffusive relaxation times.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures, Accepted in Soft Matter 2012
Reducing Bias in Treatment Effect Estimation in Observational Studies Suffering from Missing Data
Creators: name: Hill, Jennifer
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Social sciences--Research
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Matching based on estimated propensity scores (that is, the estimated conditional probability of being treated) has become an increasingly popular technique for causal inference over the past decade. By balancing observed covariates, propensity score methods reduce the risk of confounding causal processes. Estimation of propensity scores in the complete data case is generally straightforward since it uses standard methods (e.g. logistic regression or discriminant analysis) and relies on diagnostics that are relatively easy to calculate and interpret. Most studies, however, have missing data. This paper illustrates a principled approach to handling missing data when estimating propensity scores makes use of multiple imputation (MI). Placing the problem within the framework of the Rubin Causal Model makes the assumptions explicit by illustrating the interaction between the treatment assignment mechanism and the missing data mechanism. Several approaches for estimating propensity scores with incomplete data using MI are presented. Results demonstrating improved efficacy compared with existing methodology are discussed. These advantages include greater bias reduction and increased facility in model choice.
title: Virtual Structures Based Autonomous Formation Flying Control for Small Satellites
Creators: name: Smith, Tyson K.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2023

description: Many space organizations have a growing need to fly several small satellites close together in order to collect and correlate data from different satellite sensors. To do this requires teams of engineers monitoring the satellites orbits and planning maneuvers for the satellites every time the satellite leaves its desired trajectory or formation. This task of maintaining the satellites orbits quickly becomes an arduous and expensive feat for satellite operations centers. This research develops and analyzes algorithms that allow satellites to autonomously control their orbit and formation without human intervention. This goal is accomplished by developing and evaluating a decentralized, optimization-based control that can be used for autonomous formation flight of small satellites. To do this, virtual structures, model predictive control, and switching surfaces are used. An optimized guidance trajectory is also develop to reduce fuel usage of the system. The Hill-Clohessy-Wiltshire equations and the D'Amico relative orbital elements are used to describe the relative motion of the satellites. And a performance comparison of the L1, L2, and L∞ norms is completed as part of this work. The virtual structure, MPC based framework combined with the switching surfaces enables a scalable method that allows satellites to maneuver safely within their formation, while also minimizing fuel usage.