cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Inconsistent fertility motivations and contraceptive use behaviors among women in Honduras
Creators: name: Barden-O'Fallon, Janine
name: Irani, Laili
name: Speizer, Ilene
name: Levy, Jessica
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2009

description: Abstract Background Recent studies have demonstrated that it is common for women to report inconsistent fertility motivations and family planning behaviors. This study examines these inconsistencies among urban Honduran women interviewed at two points in time and presents reasons for inconsistent fertility motivations and contraceptive behaviors at follow-up. Methods Data come from a one-year panel study conducted in Honduras from October 2006 to December 2007. A total of 633 women aged 15-44 years were interviewed at baseline and follow-up and have non-missing information on the key variables of interest. At baseline and follow-up, women were asked how much of a problem it would be (no problem/small problem/big problem) if they got pregnant in the next couple of weeks. At follow-up, women were asked an open-ended question on reasons it would be no problem, a small problem, or a big problem. The open-ended question was recoded into a smaller set of response categories. Univariate and bivariate analyses are presented to examine inconsistencies and reasons for stated inconsistencies. Results At follow-up, over half the women using a contraceptive method said that it would be no problem if they got pregnant. Nearly half of the women changed their perceptions between baseline and follow-up. Common reasons for reporting no problem among contraceptive users were that they accepted a child as God's will or that children are a blessing, their last child was old enough and they wanted another child. Common reasons for reporting a big/small problem among non-users of family planning (who have an unmet need for family planning) were that they were not in a stable relationship, the husband was not present, and they would expect a negative response from their family. Conclusion Inconsistent fertility motivations and contraceptive behaviors are common among effective contraceptive users. Women who are using contraception and become pregnant will not necessarily report the pregnancy as unintended, given the widespread acceptance of unintended pregnancies in Honduras. Family planning providers need to recognize that fertility motivations vary over time and that women may not have firm motivations to avoid a pregnancy.
Pairing Nambu-Goldstone Modes within Nuclear Density Functional Theory
Creators: name: Hinohara, Nobuo
name: Nazarewicz, Witold
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the Nambu-Goldstone formalism of the broken gauge symmetry in the presence of the $T=1$ pairing condensate offers a quantitative description of the binding-energy differences of open-shell superfluid nuclei. We conclude that the pairing-rotational moments of inertia are excellent pairing indicators, which are free from ambiguities attributed to odd-mass systems. We offer a new, unified interpretation of the binding-energy differences traditionally viewed in the shell model picture as signatures of the valence nucleon properties. We present the first systematic analysis of the off-diagonal pairing-rotational moments of inertia and demonstrate the mixing of the neutron and proton pairing-rotational modes in the ground states of even-even nuclei. Finally, we discuss the importance of mass measurements of neutron-rich nuclei for constraining the pairing energy density functional.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Route towards Localization for Quantum Anomalous Hall Systems with Chern Number 2
Creators: name: Song, Zhi-Gang
name: Zhang, Yan-Yang
name: Song, Jun-Tao
name: Li, Shu-Shen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum anomalous Hall system with Chern number 2 can be destroyed by sufficiently strong disorder. During its process towards localization, it was found that the electronic states will be directly localized to an Anderson insulator (with Chern number 0), without an intermediate Hall plateau with Chern number 1. Here we investigate the topological origin of this phenomenon, by calculating the band structures and Chern numbers for disordered supercells. We find that on the route towards localization, there exists a hidden state with Chern number 1, but it is too short and too fluctuating to be practically observable. This intermediate state cannot be stabilized even after some "smart design" of the model and this should be a universal phenomena for insulators with high Chern numbers. By performing numerical scaling of conductances, we also plot the renormalization group flows for this transition, with Chern number 1 state as an unstable fixed point. This is distinct from known results, and can be tested by experiments and further theoretical analysis.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Manganese superoxide dismutase Ala-9Val polymorphism and risk of breast cancer in a population-based case-control study of African Americans and whites
Creators: name: Tse, Chiu-Kit
name: Millikan, Robert C.
name: Player, Jon
name: Vannappagari, Vani
name: de Cotret, Allan R
name: Keku, Temitope
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2004

description: Abstract Introduction A polymorphism in the manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) gene, Ala-9Val, has been examined in association with breast cancer risk in several epidemiologic studies. Results suggest that the Ala allele increases the risk of breast cancer and modifies the effects of environmental exposures that produce oxidative damage to DNA. Methods We examined the role of the MnSOD Ala-9Val polymorphism in a population-based case–control study of invasive and in situ breast cancer in North Carolina. Genotypes were evaluated for 2025 cases (760 African Americans and 1265 whites) and for 1812 controls (677 African Americans and 1135 whites). Results The odds ratio for MnSOD Ala/Ala versus any MnSOD Val genotypes was not elevated in African Americans (odds ratio = 0.9, 95% confidence interval = 0.7–1.2) or in whites (odds ratio = 1.0, 95% confidence interval = 0.8–1.2). Greater than additive joint effects were observed for the Ala/Ala genotype and smoking, radiation to the chest, and occupational exposure to ionizing radiation. Antagonism was observed between the Ala/Ala genotype and the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Conclusions The MnSOD genotype may contribute to an increased risk of breast cancer in the presence of specific environmental exposures. These results provide further evidence for the importance of reactive oxygen species and of oxidative DNA damage in the etiology of breast cancer.
Identifying Reporters and Non-Reporters of Weight Stigma
Creators: name: KONG, SYDNEY
name: Tomiyama, A.
name: LOPEZ, ALEJANDRA
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Health Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: EMA
subject: Weight Stigma

description: An ecological momentary assessment study of daily experiences of weight stigma.
Measurements of high-frequency acoustic scattering from glacially-eroded rock outcrops
Creators: name: Olson, Derek R.
name: Lyons, Anthony P.
name: Sæbø, Torstein
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurements of acoustic backscattering from glacially-eroded rock outcrops were made off the coast of Sandefjord, Norway using a high-frequency synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) system. A method by which scattering strength can be estimated from data collected by a SAS system is detailed, as well as a method to estimate an effective calibration parameter for the system. Scattering strength measurements from very smooth areas of the rock outcrops agree with predictions from both the small-slope approximation and perturbation theory, and range between -33 and -26 dB at 20$^\circ$ grazing angle. Scattering strength measurements from very rough areas of the rock outcrops agree with the sine-squared shape of the empirical Lambertian model and fall between -30 and -20 dB at 20$^\circ$ grazing angle. Both perturbation theory and the small-slope approximation are expected to be inaccurate for the very rough area, and overestimate scattering strength by 8 dB or more for all measurements of very rough surfaces. Supporting characterization of the environment was performed in the form of geoacoustic and roughness parameter estimates.
description: 17 pages, 12 figures, published in the Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, available at http://link.aip.org/link/?JAS/139/1833
Genomic resolution of linkages in carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycling among widespread estuary sediment bacteria
Creators: name: Teske, Andreas
name: Lazar, Cassandre S
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2015

description: Abstract Background Estuaries are among the most productive habitats on the planet. Bacteria in estuary sediments control the turnover of organic carbon and the cycling of nitrogen and sulfur. These communities are complex and primarily made up of uncultured lineages, thus little is known about how ecological and metabolic processes are partitioned in sediments. Results De novo assembly and binning resulted in the reconstruction of 82 bacterial genomes from different redox regimes of estuary sediments. These genomes belong to 23 bacterial groups, including uncultured candidate phyla (for example, KSB1, TA06, and KD3-62) and three newly described phyla (White Oak River (WOR)-1, WOR-2, and WOR-3). The uncultured phyla are generally most abundant in the sulfate-methane transition (SMTZ) and methane-rich zones, and genomic data predict that they mediate essential biogeochemical processes of the estuarine environment, including organic carbon degradation and fermentation. Among the most abundant organisms in the sulfate-rich layer are novel Gammaproteobacteria that have genes for the oxidation of sulfur and the reduction of nitrate and nitrite. Interestingly, the terminal steps of denitrification (NO3 to N2O and then N2O to N2) are present in distinct bacterial populations. Conclusions This dataset extends our knowledge of the metabolic potential of several uncultured phyla. Within the sediments, there is redundancy in the genomic potential in different lineages, often distinct phyla, for essential biogeochemical processes. We were able to chart the flow of carbon and nutrients through the multiple geochemical layers of bacterial processing and reveal potential ecological interactions within the communities.
Success Rates of Post-Trauma Pulp Therapy of Permanent Anterior Teeth: A Pilot Study
Creators: name: Noble, Deanna M
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2023

description: Purpose: To determine the success rate of pulp therapy of an anterior permanent tooth post traumatic injury. Methods: A retrospective chart audit of patients aged 5-16 years who had at least one anterior permanent tooth that experienced trauma and required pulpal therapy between January 1, 2016 and October 1, 2022 from the electronic health records (EHR) of a university-based pediatric dental clinic was analyzed. Data was collected regarding patient demographics, tooth type, stage of root maturity type of trauma, treatment completed, medicament used, adverse outcome post treatment, and need for retreatment. Logistic regression with binary outcome was used to assess success rate of pulp therapy based on treatment completed and root development. Results: A total of 169 children [Age-Mean (SD) = 9.34 (1.86)] were included. One hundred and seventy-five traumatized teeth required pulp therapy, where 66.66% classified with complete root development radiographically based on the Cveck classification. Out of the immature permanent teeth, 41% were treated with revascularization. Follow-up period ranged between 1 and 12 months (mean 2.6 months). At 12 months, 14/67 (38.3%) needed a retreatment. No significant differences were found for treatment success between the mature and immature permanent teeth as determined by the presence of adverse outcome including pain and sinus tract as a follow-up symptom or retreatment Conclusions: These results suggest that the success of pulp therapy post trauma is independent of root development status and treatment. Clinical studies with longer follow-up periods are required to better evaluate endodontic intervention post dental trauma.
DETERMINATION OF PLANKTONIC PRIMARY PRODUCTION PARAMETERS IN THE ATLANTIC OCEAN USING IN SITU INHERENT OPTICAL PROPERTIES
Creators: name: LOWE, CHRISTOPHER DAVID
Publisher: name: University of Plymouth
Year: 2005

description: Bio-optical measurements from three of the Atlantic Meridional Transect programme cruises in 2003-2004 were examined to determine spatial variation and correlations between phytoplankton variables. These cruises each crossed approximately 100° of latitude between the UK and the Falkland Islands, covering a range of environments in the Atlantic Ocean. Measurements of primary production were made using a Fast Repetition Rate Fluorometer (FRRF), concentration of phytoplankton pigments using High Performance Liquid Clrromatography (HPLC) and in situ particle absorption using a novel double cast technique with an ac9+ nine wavelength absorption/attenuation meter. Ancillary data in the form of salinity, temperature and chlorophyll concentration profiles were used to determine the spatial distribution of communities and to provide data for calibration. Cluster analysis of pigment data, using multivariate Brae-Curtis statistical analysis, produced effective partitioning of the cruises into functional regions for further work. The study showed that reference blanking was important in oceanic measurements with the FRRF and that separate blanks were required for each chamber. Blanks of unfiltered water from below the euphotic zone coincided best with blanks taken under in situ irradiance in the water column. Positive log linear relationships were shown between FRRF photosynthetic quantum efficiency (Fu/Fm) and, contrary to expectations, between photosystem 11 cross sectional area (σPSII) and measurements of chlorophyll a concentration. Comparisons between FRRF and automated flow cytometry data suggested that the photochemistries of the prokaryotes Synecococcus and Prochlorococcus are significantly different and that the photochemistry of Prochlorococcus is similar to that of eukaryotes. The concentration ratio of chlorophyll α: total pigment was found to follow a positive log linear relationship with chlorophyll a concentration, similar to that of the FRRF variables. A possible causative link between the relative loads of chlorophyll a and total pigment with FRRF variables was suggested. The novel twin filtered and unfiltered casts of the ac9+ produced acceptable particulate absorption spectra. Spectra representing chlorophyll a and total pigment concentrations demonstrated the same positive log linear relationship of the pigment measurements suggesting that this method could be used to determine pigment concentrations and therefore primary production parameters. Direct correlations were found between FRRF primary production parameters and both pigment ratios and absorption ratios, suggesting that absorption measurements could be used to a proxy for primary production parameters.
Signatures of lower scale gauge coupling unification in the Standard Model due to extended Higgs sector
Creators: name: Chizhov, M. V.
name: Bednyakov, V. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The gauge coupling unification can be achieved at a unification scale around 5 x 10^{13} GeV if the Standard Model scalar sector is extended with extra Higgs-like doublets. The relevant new scalar degrees of freedom in the form of chiral Z* and W* vector bosons might "be visible" already at about 700 GeV. Their eventual preferred coupling to the heavy quarks explains the non observation of these bosons in the first LHC run and provides promising expectation for the second LHC run.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
PSYC 3301 - Class Project
Creators: name: James, Vaneeza
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: A smile goes a long way, when you meet someone, and they welcome you with a smile you tend to be at ease, and you also tend to have more positive feelings toward that individual. We will be conducting an experiment that will explore if people tend to like others more if they are smiling or if they have a neutral face.
Essays on the Economics of Immigration
Creators: name: Stanishevska, Taisiia
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2023

description: This dissertation consists of three essays on the Economics of Immigration. In Chapter 1, I use historical Census data and an instrumental-variables approach to analyze the effect of WWI military service on the long-term outcomes of immigrants. The instrument reflects the likelihood of being drafted based on two characteristics: age at the time of the draft and being born in a country classified as an enemy of the U.S. during WWI. I find that foreign-born WWI veterans were more likely to become naturalized citizens and work in protective services, but veterans earned less after the war than their non-veteran peers. Chapter 2 analyzes the differences in schooling and labor market outcomes between U.S.-born and foreign-born siblings to understand the long-term effects of nativity. Children observed in the 1910 decennial Census are linked to their 1940 Census records using a unique method of linking individuals across Census waves. Compared to their native-born siblings, those born abroad are 10.5, 4.1, and 1.7 percentage points less likely to complete eighth grade, high school, and college respectively. I do not find a significant impact on wages, employment, and other labor market outcomes. The last chapter uses novel data on local television newscasts and agency-level arrest data from the National Incident-Based Reporting System from 2009 to 2016 to examine whether media coverage increases Hispanic-White arrest disparities. We find that news coverage increases ethnic arrest disparities for drug crimes but has no discernible impact on arrest differences for violent offenses.
Engaging communication experts in a Delphi process to identify patient behaviors that could impact communication in medical encounters.
Creators: name: Rao, Jaya K
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2010

description: Abstract Background The communication literature currently focuses primarily on improving physicians' verbal and non-verbal behaviors during the medical interview. The Four Habits Model is a teaching and research framework for physician communication that is based on evidence linking specific communication behaviors with processes and outcomes of care. The Model conceptualizes basic communication tasks as "Habits" and describes the sequence of physician communication behaviors during the clinical encounter associated with improved outcomes. Using the Four Habits Model as a starting point, we asked communication experts to identify the verbal communication behaviors of patients that are important in outpatient encounters. Methods We conducted a 4-round Delphi process with 17 international experts in communication research, medical education, and health care delivery. All rounds were conducted via the internet. In round 1, experts reviewed a list of proposed patient verbal communication behaviors within the Four Habits Model framework. The proposed patient verbal communication behaviors were identified based on a review of the communication literature. The experts could: approve the proposed list; add new behaviors; or modify behaviors. In rounds 2, 3, and 4, they rated each behavior for its fit (agree or disagree) with a particular habit. After each round, we calculated the percent agreement for each behavior and provided these data in the next round. Behaviors receiving more than 70% of experts' votes (either agree or disagree) were considered as achieving consensus. Results Of the 14 originally-proposed patient verbal communication behaviors, the experts modified all but 2, and they added 20 behaviors to the Model in round 1. In round 2, they were presented with 59 behaviors and 14 options to remove specific behaviors for rating. After 3 rounds of rating, the experts retained 22 behaviors. This set included behaviors such as asking questions, expressing preferences, and summarizing information. Conclusion The process identified communication tasks and verbal communication behaviors for patients similar to those outlined for physicians in the Four Habits Model. This represents an important step in building a single model that can be applied to teaching patients and physicians the communication skills associated with improved satisfaction and positive outcomes of care.
Comment on: Synthesis, growth and characterization of a new metal organic Nlo material: Dibromo bis(L proline)Cd(II)
Creators: name: Srinivasan, Bikshandarkoil R.
name: Naik, Madhavi Z.
name: Narvekar, Kedar U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The title paper by Boopathi and Ramasamy reports a study on the crystal growth and characterization of dibromobis (L-proline)Cd(II) (1). Many points of criticism, concerning the crystal structure of (1) and the magnetic properties of (1) dibromo bis(L-proline)Zn(II) (2) and diiodo bis(2-aminopyridine)Cd(II) (3) are reported to show that compounds 1 to 3 are not soft magnets but instead diamagnetic solids.
description: 3 pages
A Novel Intervention for Promoting Post-Traumatic Growth Among People Living Through the COVID-19 Pandemic
Creators: name: Barrera, Jesse
name: Crum, Alia
name: Louis, Kengthsagn
name: Evans, Kristopher
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: In this study, we will test whether a novel intervention designed to promote the mindset that catastrophes can be opportunities (CO mindset) can have long-term positive effects on post traumatic growth among people who lived through the COVID-19 pandemic.
Rethinking the Michelson-Morley Experiment
Creators: name: Sergey, Skrynnik
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: wave nature of matter
ether
Michelson–Morley
speed of light
energy
structure of space
gravity
standing waves
quantum nature
special relativity
волновая природа материи
эфир
Майкельсон–Морли
скорость света
энергия
структура пространства
гравитация
стоячие волны
квантовая природа
СТО

description: This paper offers a reconsideration of the classical Michelson–Morley experiment from the perspective of the wave nature of matter. The author proposes a hypothesis in which photons and elementary particles are stable waves within the structure of space. The null result of the experiment does not exclude the existence of a medium, but rather demonstrates the impossibility of detecting its motion if both the observer and the instruments are made of the same waves. The classical concept of the ether is replaced with a model where energy forms the fundamental wave-based structure of space, without requiring a transferable medium. This view offers a new interpretation of gravity, mass, and the speed of light, and helps bridge the gap between quantum mechanics and the theory of relativity.

 

В данной работе предлагается переосмысление классического эксперимента Майкельсона–Морли с позиции волновой природы материи. Автор выдвигает гипотезу, согласно которой фотоны и элементарные частицы представляют собой устойчивые волны в структуре пространства. Отрицательный результат опыта не исключает существование среды, а лишь демонстрирует невозможность обнаружить её движение, если наблюдатель и приборы также состоят из тех же волн. Предлагается заменить классическое представление об эфире концепцией энергии как волновой основы пространства, без необходимости в переносимой среде. Это позволяет по-новому взглянуть на природу гравитации, массы, скорости света и устранить противоречия между квантовой механикой и теорией относительности.
A coordinate Bethe ansatz approach to the calculation of equilibrium and nonequilibrium correlations of the one-dimensional Bose gas
Creators: name: Zill, J. C.
name: Wright, T. M.
name: Kheruntsyan, K. V.
name: Gasenzer, T.
name: Davis, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the coordinate Bethe ansatz to exactly calculate matrix elements between eigenstates of the Lieb-Liniger model of one-dimensional bosons interacting via a two-body delta-potential. We investigate the static correlation functions of the zero-temperature ground state and their dependence on interaction strength, and analyze the effects of system size in the crossover from few-body to mesoscopic regimes for up to seven particles. We also obtain time-dependent nonequilibrium correlation functions for five particles following quenches of the interaction strength from two distinct initial states. One quench is from the non-interacting ground state and the other from a correlated ground state near the strongly interacting Tonks-Girardeau regime. The final interaction strength and conserved energy are chosen to be the same for both quenches. The integrability of the model highly constrains its dynamics, and we demonstrate that the time-averaged correlation functions following quenches from these two distinct initial conditions are both nonthermal and moreover distinct from one another.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures. v2: Final version. Revised in response to referee's comments
Defect controlled vortex generation in current-carrying narrow superconducting strips
Creators: name: Vodolazov, D. Yu.
name: Ilin, K.
name: Merker, M.
name: Siegel, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We experimentally study effect of single circular hole on the critical current $I_c$ of narrow superconducting strip with width $W$ much smaller than Pearl penetration depth $Λ$. We found nonmonotonous dependence of $I_c$ on the location of a hole across the strip and a weak dependence of $I_c$ on radius of hole has been found in case of hole with $ξ\ll R \ll W$ ($ξ$ is a superconducting coherence length) which is placed in the center of strip. The observed effects are caused by competition of two mechanisms of destruction of superconductivity - the entrance of vortex via edge of the strip and the nucleation of the vortex-antivortex pair near the hole. The mechanisms are clearly distinguishable by difference in dependence of $I_c$ on weak magnetic field.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures
Stabilization of the asymptotic expansions of the zeros of a partial theta function
Creators: name: Kostov, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The bivariate series $θ(q,x):=\sum _{j=0}^{\infty}q^{j(j+1)/2}x^j$ defines a {\em partial theta function}. For fixed $q$ ($|q|<1$), $θ(q,.)$ is an entire function. We prove a property of stabilization of the coefficients of the Laurent series in $q$ of the zeros of $θ$. These series are of the form $-q^{-j}+(-1)^jq^{j(j-1)/2}(1+\sum _{k=1}^{\infty}g_{j,k}q^k)$. The coefficients of the stabilized series are expressed by the positive integers $r_k$ giving the number of partitions into parts of three different kinds. They satisfy the recurrence relation $r_k=\sum _{ν=1}^{\infty}(-1)^{ν-1}(2ν+1)r_{k-ν(ν+1)/2}$. Set $(H_{m,j})~:~(\sum _{k=0}^{\infty}r_kq^k) (1-q^{j+1}+q^{2j+3}-\cdots +(-1)^{m-1}q^{(m-1)j+m(m-1)/2})= \sum _{k=0}^{\infty}\tilde{r}_{k;m,j}q^k$. Then for $k\leq (m+2j)(m+1)/2-1-j$ and $j\geq (2m-1+\sqrt{8m^2+1})/2$ one has $g_{j,k}=\tilde{r}_{k;m,j}$.
Two dimensional bright solitons in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates with tilted dipoles
Creators: name: Raghunandan, Meghana
name: Mishra, Chinmayee
name: Lakomy, Kazimierz
name: Pedri, Paolo
name: Santos, Luis
name: Nath, Rejish
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of dipolar orientation with respect to the soliton plane on the physics of two-dimensional bright solitons in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates is discussed. Previous studies on such a soliton involved dipoles either perpendicular or parallel to the condensate-plane. The tilting angle constitutes an additional tuning parameter, which help us to control the in-plane anisotropy of the soliton as well as provides access to previously disregarded regimes of interaction parameters for soliton stability. In addition, it can be used to drive the condensate into phonon instability without changing its interaction parameters or trap geometry. The phonon-instability in a homogeneous 2D condensate of tilted dipoles always features a transient stripe pattern, which eventually breaks into a metastable soliton gas. Finally, we demonstrate how a dipolar BEC in a shallow trap can eventually be turned into a self-trapped matter wave by an adiabatic approach, involving the tuning of tilting angle.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
Coherence Effects of Caroli-de Gennes-Matricon Modes in Nodal Topological Superconductors
Creators: name: Tsutsumi, Yasumasa
name: Kato, Yusuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coherence effects by the impurity scattering of Caroli--de Gennes--Matricon (CdGM) modes in a vortex for nodal topological superconductors have been studied. The coherence effects reflect a topological number defined on a particular momentum space avoiding the superconducting gap nodes. First, we analytically derived the eigenvalue and eigenfunction of the CdGM modes, including the zero-energy modes, in a nodal topological superconducting state without impurities, where we focused on a possible superconducting state of UPt$_3$ as an example. Then, we studied impurity effects on the CdGM modes by introducing the impurity self-energy, which are dominated by the coherence factor depending on the eigenfunction of the CdGM modes. For the zero-energy CdGM modes, the coherence factor vanishes in a certain momentum range, which is guaranteed by topological invariance characterized by the one-dimensional winding number.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures + 5 pages (supplementary material), published version
ChIPOTle: a user-friendly tool for the analysis of ChIP-chip data
Creators: name: Lieb, Jason D.
name: Buck, Michael J
name: Nobel, Andrew
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2005

description: Abstract ChIPOTle (Chromatin ImmunoPrecipitation On Tiled arrays) takes advantage of two unique properties of ChIP-chip data: the single-tailed nature of the data, caused by specific enrichment but not specific depletion of genomic fragments; and the predictable enrichment of DNA fragments adjacent to sites of direct protein-DNA interaction. Implemented as a Microsoft Excel macro written in Visual Basic, ChIPOTle uses a sliding window approach that yields improvements in the identification of bona fide sites of protein-DNA interaction.
Associated features in females with an FMR1 premutation
Creators: name: Wheeler, Anne
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2014

description: Abstract Changes in the fragile X mental retardation 1 gene (FMR1) have been associated with specific phenotypes, most specifically those of fragile X syndrome (FXS), fragile X tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS), and fragile X primary ovarian insufficiency (FXPOI). Evidence of increased risk for additional medical, psychiatric, and cognitive features and conditions is now known to exist for individuals with a premutation, although some features have been more thoroughly studied than others. This review highlights the literature on medical, reproductive, cognitive, and psychiatric features, primarily in females, that have been suggested to be associated with changes in the FMR1 gene. Based on this review, each feature is evaluated with regard to the strength of evidence of association with the premutation. Areas of need for additional focused research and possible intervention strategies are suggested.
Some remarks on an old problem of radiation and gravity
Creators: name: Unnikrishnan, C. S.
name: Gillies, George T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The assumed universality of the equivalence principle suggests that a particle in a gravitational field has identical physics to one in an accelerated frame. Yet, energy considerations prohibit radiation from a static particle in a gravitational field while the accelerating counterpart emits. Solutions to the fundamental problems of radiation from charges in a gravitational field and consequences to the equivalence principle usually contrast the far-field and global nature of radiation with the local validity of the equivalence principle. Here, we suggest reliable physical solutions that recognizes the essential need for motional currents and the magnetic component for radiation to occur. Our discussion reiterates the need for a fresh careful look at universality of free fall for charged particles in a gravitational field.
description: 7 pages, honorable mention in GRF essay awards 2014
Least-bias state estimation with incomplete unbiased measurements
Creators: name: Rehacek, J.
name: Hradil, Z.
name: Teo, Y. S.
name: Sanchez-Soto, L. L.
name: Ng, H. K.
name: Chai, J. H.
name: Englert, B. -G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measuring incomplete sets of mutually unbiased bases constitutes a sensible approach to the tomography of high-dimensional quantum systems. The unbiased nature of these bases optimizes the uncertainty hypervolume. However, imposing unbiasedness on the probabilities for the unmeasured bases does not generally yield the estimator with the largest von Neumann entropy, a popular figure of merit in this context. Furthermore, this imposition typically leads to mock density matrices that are not even positive definite. This provides a strong argument against perfunctory applications of linear estimation strategies. We propose to use instead the physical state estimators that maximize the Shannon entropy of the unmeasured outcomes, which quantifies our lack of knowledge fittingly and gives physically meaningful statistical predictions.
description: 13 pages, 5 color figures. Comments welcome
Negative Poisson's Ratio in Single-Layer Graphene Ribbons
Creators: name: Jiang, Jin-Wu
name: Park, Harold S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Poisson's ratio characterizes the resultant strain in the lateral direction for a material under longitudinal deformation. Though negative Poisson's ratios (NPR) are theoretically possible within continuum elasticity, they are most frequently observed in engineered materials and structures, as they are not intrinsic to many materials. In this work, we report NPR in single-layer graphene ribbons, which results from the compressive edge stress induced warping of the edges. The effect is robust, as the NPR is observed for graphene ribbons with widths smaller than about 10 nm, and for tensile strains smaller than about 0.5%, with NPR values reaching as large as -1.51. The NPR is explained analytically using an inclined plate model, which is able to predict the Poisson's ratio for graphene sheets of arbitrary size. The inclined plate model demonstrates that the NPR is governed by the interplay between the width (a bulk property), and the warping amplitude of the edge (an edge property), which eventually yields a phase diagram determining the sign of the Poisson's ratio as a function of the graphene geometry.
description: 4 figures
Relationship between crown-like structures and sex-steroid hormones in breast adipose tissue and serum among postmenopausal breast cancer patients
Creators: name: Troester, Melissa
name: Nyante, Sarah
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2017

description: Abstract Background Postmenopausal obesity is associated with increased circulating levels of androgens and estrogens and elevated breast cancer risk. Crown-like structures (CLS; microscopic foci of dying adipocytes surrounded by macrophages) are proposed to represent sites of increased aromatization of androgens to estrogens. Accordingly, we examined relationships between CLS and sex-steroid hormones in breast adipose tissue and serum from postmenopausal breast cancer patients. Methods Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded benign breast tissues collected for research from postmenopausal women (n = 83) diagnosed with invasive breast cancer in the Polish Breast Cancer Study (PBCS) were evaluated. Tissues were immunohistochemically stained for CD68 to determine the presence of CLS per unit area of adipose tissue. Relationships were assessed between CD68 density and CLS and previously reported sex-steroid hormones quantified using radioimmunoassays in serum taken at the time of diagnosis and in fresh frozen adipose tissue taken at the time of surgery. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the relationships between hormones (in tertiles) and CLS. Results CLS were observed in 36% of benign breast tissues, with a higher frequency among obese versus lean women (54% versus 17%, p = 0.03). Detection of CLS was not related to individual hormone levels or breast tumor pathology characteristics. However, detection of CLS was associated with hormone ratios. Compared with women in the highest tertile of estrone:androstenedione ratio in fat, those in the lowest tertile were less likely to have CLS (OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.03–0.59). A similar pattern was observed with estradiol:testosterone ratio in serum and CLS (lowest versus highest tertile, OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.04–0.72). Conclusions CLS were more frequently identified in the breast fat of obese women and were associated with increased ratios of select estrogens:androgens in the blood and tissues, but not with individual hormones. Additional studies on CLS, tissue and blood hormone levels, and breast cancer risk are needed to understand and confirm these findings.
On the motivation and foundation of Natural Time Analysis: Useful remarks
Creators: name: Varotsos, Panayiotis A.
name: Sarlis, Nicholas V.
name: Skordas, Efthimios S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Since its introduction in 2001, natural time analysis has been applied to diverse fields with remarkable results. Its validity has not been doubted by any publication to date. Here, we indicate that frequently asked questions on the motivation and the foundation of natural time analysis are directly answered if one takes into account the following two key points that we have considered as widely accepted when natural time analysis was proposed: First, the aspects on the energy of a system forwarded by Max Planck in his Treatise on Thermodynamics. Second, the theorem on the characteristic functions of probability distributions which Gauss called Ein Schönes Theorem der Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung (beautiful theorem of probability calculus). The case of the time series of earthquakes and of the precursory Seismic Electric Signals are discussed as typical examples.
description: 17 pages including 1 figure. Accepted for publication in Acta Geophysica on May 1, 2015
Den digitale amtsgård og GIS
Creators: name: Kjeldsen, Bent G.
name: Larsen, Birgit
name: Andersen, Jesper Nørgaard
Publisher: name: Geoforum Perspektiv
Year: 2012

description: Geoforum Perspektiv, Vol 3 No 6 (2004): GI og Digital forvaltning
Stimulus-dependent spatial patterns of response in SI cortex
Creators: name: Whitsel, Barry
name: Tommerdahl, Mark Allen
name: Favorov, Oleg
name: Chiu, Joannellyn S
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2005

description: Abstract Background Recently we reported that vibrotactile flutter stimulation of a skin locus at different amplitudes evokes an optical response confined to the same local region of the primary somatosensory cortex (SI), where its overall magnitude varies proportionally to the flutter amplitude. In this report, we characterize the impact of the flutter amplitude on the spatial patterns of activity evoked within the responding SI region. Results In order to characterize the spatial pattern of activity within the responding SI region, images of the flutter-evoked SI optical response were segmented and analyzed with spatial frequency analysis. The analysis revealed that: (1) dominant spatial frequencies in the optical intrinsic signal emerge within the responding SI region within 3–5 sec of stimulus onset; (2) the stimulus-evoked activity is spatially organized in a form of several roughly parallel, anterior-posteriorly extended waves, spaced 0.4–0.5 mm apart; (3) the waves themselves exhibit spatial periodicities along their long axis; and (4) depending on the flutter stimulus amplitude, these periodicities can range from fine 0.15 mm "ripples" at 50 μm amplitude to well-developed 0.5 mm fluctuations at the amplitude of 400 μm. Conclusion The observed spatiointensive fractionation on a sub-macrocolumnar scale of the SI response to skin stimulation might be the product of local competitive interactions within the stimulus-activated SI region and may be a feature that could yield novel insights into the functional interactions that take place in SI cortex.
Accretion flow dynamics of MAXI J1836-194 during its 2011 outburst from TCAF solution
Creators: name: Jana, Arghajit
name: Debnath, Dipak
name: Chakrabarti, Sandip K.
name: Mondal, Santanu
name: Molla, Aslam Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Galactic transient X-ray binary MAXI~J1836-194 was discovered on 29th August 2011. Here we make a detailed study of the spectral and timing properties of its 2011 outburst using archival data of RXTE Proportional Counter Array instrument. The evolution of accretion flow dynamics of the source during the outburst through spectral analysis with Chakrabarti-Titarchuk's two-component advective flow (TCAF) solution as a local table model in XSPEC. We also fitted spectra with combined disk blackbody and power-law models and compared it with the TCAF model fitted results. The source is found to be in hard and hard-intermediate spectral states only during entire phase of this outburst. No soft or soft-intermediate spectral states are observed. This could be due to the fact that this object belongs to a special class of sources (e.g., MAXI~J1659-152, Swift~J1753.5-0127, etc.) that have very short orbital periods and that companion is profusely mass-losing or the disk is immersed inside an excretion disk. In these cases, flows in the accretion disk is primarily dominated by low viscous sub-Keplerian flow and the Keplerian rate is not high enough to initiate softer states. Low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) are observed sporadically although as in normal outbursts of transient black holes, monotonic evolutions of QPO frequency during both rising and declining phases are observed. From the TCAF fits, we find mass of the black hole in the range of $7.5-11~M_\odot$ and from time differences between peaks of the Keplerian and sub-Keplerian accretion rates we obtain viscous timescale for this particular outburst $\sim 10$~days.
description: 13 pages, 6 Figures, and 2 Tables (Accepted for publication in 2016, ApJ, 819, 107)
Accelerating Open Science Implementation: The Role of Research Funders
Creators: name: Teperek, Marta
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: open science
Open Science NL
culture change
funder
NWO
fair data
rdm
open science fund
sustainable software

description: Presentation given by Marta Teperek at the SPOZNAJ national event on 5 October 2023 about the role of research funders in accelerating the transition to Open Science. --------------------------------- Abstract:  Implementing open science requires a culture change and it is a complex endeavour that necessitates coordinated efforts from various stakeholders. Research funders in particular can have significant influence in driving cultural change toward open science, as they can impact all five essential elements of culture change: 1. Policy (make it required); 2. Incentives (make it rewarding); 3. Communities (make it normative); 4. User Interface/Experience (make it easy) and 5. Infrastructure (make it possible). In my talk I will illustrate this by a few concrete examples of how the Dutch Research Council (NWO) takes a leading role in fostering the implementation of open science.
Dynamics of ultracold dipolar particles in a confined geometry and tilted fields
Creators: name: Quéméner, Goulven
name: Lepers, Maxence
name: Dulieu, Olivier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a collisional formalism adapted for the dynamics of ultracold dipolar particles in a confined geometry and in fields tilted relative to the confinement axis. Using tesseral harmonics instead of the usual spherical harmonics to expand the scattering wavefunction, we recover a good quantum number $ξ= \pm 1$ which is conserved during the collision. We derive the general expression of the dipole-dipole interaction in this convenient basis set as a function of the polar and azimuthal angles of the fields. We apply the formalism to the collision of fermionic and bosonic polar KRb molecules in a tilted electric field and in a one-dimensional optical lattice. The presence of a tilted field drastically changes the magnitude of the reactive and inelastic rates as well as the inelastic threshold properties at vanishing collision energies. Setting an appropriate strength of the confinement for the fermionic system, we show that the ultracold particles can even further reduce their kinetic energy by inelastic excitation to higher states of the confinement trap.
description: 13 pages