cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 1 of COVID-19 outbreak improves attractiveness of medical careers in Chinese senior high school students
Creators: name: Zhang, Ruoxin
name: Pei, Jianfeng
name: Wang, Yanli
name: Wang, Lei
name: Yeerjiang, Yeerzhati
name: Gao, Haifeng
name: Xu, Wanghong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Domains of risk factors and reasons for medical career preference based on the expectancy-value theory. Supplementary Table 2. Characteristics of parent participants and their expectations for their children to learn medicine before and after the COVID 19 outbreak. Supplementary Figure 1. Geographic distribution of participants across China. Supplementary Figure 2. The ranking of medical-related majors preferred by students.
Magnetic Helicity and the Relaxation of Fossil Fields
Creators: name: Broderick, Avery E.
name: Narayan, Ramesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the absence of an active dynamo, purely poloidal magnetic field configurations are unstable to large-scale dynamical perturbations, and decay via reconnection on an Alfvenic timescale. Nevertheless, a number of classes of dynamo-free stars do exhibit significant, long-lived, surface magnetic fields. Numerical simulations suggest that the large-scale poloidal field in these systems is stabilized by a toroidal component of the field in the stellar interior. Using the principle of conservation of total helicity, we develop a variational principle for computing the structure of the magnetic field inside a conducting sphere surrounded by an insulating vacuum. We show that, for a fixed total helicity, the minimum energy state corresponds to a force-free configuration. We find a simple class of axisymmetric solutions, parametrized by angular and radial quantum numbers. However, these solutions have a discontinuity in the toroidal magnetic field at the stellar surface which will exert a toroidal stress on the surface of the star. We then describe two other classes of solutions, the standard spheromak solutions and ones with fixed surface magnetic fields, the latter being relevant for neutron stars with rigid crusts. We discuss the implications of our results for the structure of neutron star magnetic fields, the decay of fields, and the origin of variability and outbursts in magnetars.
description: 10 Pages, 2 figures, submitted to MNRAS, Substantial additions, including sections discussing applications to late-time neutron star interiors
Dynamical Emergence of Instantaneous 3-Spaces in a Class of Models of General Relativity
Creators: name: Lusanna, Luca
name: Pauri, Massimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Hamiltonian structure of General Relativity (GR), for both metric and tetrad gravity in a definite continuous family of space-times, is fully exploited in order to show that: i) the "Hole Argument" can be bypassed by means of a specific "physical individuation" of point-events of the space-time manifold $M^4$ in terms of the "autonomous degrees of freedom" of the vacuum gravitational field ("Dirac observables"), while the "Leibniz equivalence" is reduced to differences in the "non-inertial appearances" (connected to "gauge" variables) of the same phenomena. ii) the chrono-geometric structure of a solution of Einstein equations for given, gauge-fixed, initial data (a "3-geometry" satisfying the relevant constraints on the Cauchy surface), can be interpreted as an "unfolding" in mathematical global time of a sequence of "achronal 3-spaces" characterized by "dynamically determined conventions" about distant simultaneity. This result stands out as an important "conceptual difference" with respect to the standard chrono-geometrical view of Special Relativity (SR) and allows, in a specific sense, for an "endurantist" interpretations of ordinary "physical objects" in GR.
description: To appear in the book "Relativity and the Dimensionality of the World", A. van der Merwe ed., Springer Series "Fundamental Theories of Physics"
Towards an understanding of the light scalar mesons
Creators: name: Hanhart, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although studied for many years the nature of the light scalar mesons remains controversial. Here we shall present a method, applicable for s-wave states located close to a threshold, that allows one to quantify the molecular part of a given state. When applied to the $f_0(980)$ a dominance of the molecular component is found. In the second part we show that requirements of field theoretic consistency and chiral symmetry, when applied to the scattering of light pseudo--scalars, naturally lead to the appearance of dynamical poles in the scalar sector. A program is proposed on how to further investigate experimentally the mixing between these dynamical states and possible genuine quark states.
description: 6 pages; invited talk at the IVth International Conference on Quarks and Nuclear Physics (QNP06), Madrid, June 5th-10th 2006
Determination of the strong coupling constant at LEP
Creators: name: Wengler, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multi-hadronic events produced in e+e- collisions provide an excellent laboratory to study QCD, the theory of strong interactions, and in particular to determine the strong coupling parameter alpha_s and demonstrate its predicted behavior as a function of the energy scale. Determinations of alpha_s at LEP will be reviewed with emphasis on event shape variables and jet rates in 3-jet and 4-jet events.
description: Proceedings of DIS06, XIV International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering, Tsukuba, Japan, 20-24 April 2006, 4 pages, 2 figures
A Bayesian Approach for Inferring Sea Ice Loads
Creators: name: Parno, Matthew
name: Hodgdon, Taylor
name: West, Brendan
name: O'Connor, Devin
name: Song, Arnold
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Earth's climate is rapidly changing and some of the most drastic changes can be seen in the Arctic, where sea ice extent has diminished considerably in recent years. As the Arctic climate continues to change, gathering in situ sea ice measurements is increasingly important for understanding the complex evolution of the Arctic ice pack. To date, observations of ice stresses in the Arctic have been spatially and temporally sparse. We propose a measurement framework that would instrument existing sea ice buoys with strain gauges. This measurement framework uses a Bayesian inference approach to infer ice loads acting on the buoy from a set of strain gauge measurements. To test our framework, strain measurements were collected from an experiment where a buoy was frozen into ice that was subsequently compressed to simulate convergent sea ice conditions. A linear elastic finite element model was used to describe the response of the deformable buoy to mechanical loading, allowing us to link the observed strain on the buoy interior to the applied load on the buoy exterior. The approach presented in this paper presents an instrumentation framework that could use existing buoy platforms as in situ sensors of internal stresses in the ice pack.
TableLab: An Interactive Table Extraction System with Adaptive Deep Learning
Creators: name: Wang, Nancy Xin Ru
name: Burdick, Douglas
name: Li, Yunyao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Table extraction from PDF and image documents is a ubiquitous task in the real-world. Perfect extraction quality is difficult to achieve with one single out-of-box model due to (1) the wide variety of table styles, (2) the lack of training data representing this variety and (3) the inherent ambiguity and subjectivity of table definitions between end-users. Meanwhile, building customized models from scratch can be difficult due to the expensive nature of annotating table data. We attempt to solve these challenges with TableLab by providing a system where users and models seamlessly work together to quickly customize high-quality extraction models with a few labelled examples for the user's document collection, which contains pages with tables. Given an input document collection, TableLab first detects tables with similar structures (templates) by clustering embeddings from the extraction model. Document collections often contain tables created with a limited set of templates or similar structures. It then selects a few representative table examples already extracted with a pre-trained base deep learning model. Via an easy-to-use user interface, users provide feedback to these selections without necessarily having to identify every single error. TableLab then applies such feedback to finetune the pre-trained model and returns the results of the finetuned model back to the user. The user can choose to repeat this process iteratively until obtaining a customized model with satisfactory performance.
description: Accepted at IUI'21
Substrate surface effects on electron-irradiated graphene
Creators: name: Basta, L.
name: Moscardini, A.
name: Veronesi, S.
name: Bianco, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chemical, mechanical, thermal and/or electronic properties of bulk or low-dimensional materials can be engineered by introducing structural defects to form novel functionalities. When using particles irradiation, these defects can be spatially arranged to create complex structures, like sensing circuits, where the spatial resolution of the defective areas plays a fundamental role. Here, we show that structural defects can be patterned by low-energy electrons in monolayer graphene sheets with spatial resolution strongly defined by the surface of the supporting substrate. Indeed, two-dimensional micro-Raman mapping revealed that the surroundings of irradiated areas contain unintentional defects of the graphene lattice, whose density depends on the methods exploited to clean the supporting surface. By combining Monte Carlo simulations with the analysis of the graphene Raman modes, we attributed these structural modifications mainly to the action of back-scattered electrons and back-scattered electrons-created secondaries. The latter create reactive radicals at the interface between graphene and the supporting surface that affect the spatial resolution of the defective areas. Hence, defects pattern can be produced with high spatial resolution by removing any organic contaminants from the supporting surface and by reducing the thickness of the substrate, in order to minimize the number of back-scattered and secondary electrons.
General Kerr-NUT-AdS Metrics in All Dimensions
Creators: name: Chen, W.
name: Lu, H.
name: Pope, C. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Kerr-AdS metric in dimension D has cohomogeneity [D/2]; the metric components depend on the radial coordinate r and [D/2] latitude variables μ_i that are subject to the constraint \sum_i μ_i^2=1. We find a coordinate reparameterisation in which the μ_i variables are replaced by [D/2]-1 unconstrained coordinates y_α, and having the remarkable property that the Kerr-AdS metric becomes diagonal in the coordinate differentials dy_α. The coordinates r and y_αnow appear in a very symmetrical way in the metric, leading to an immediate generalisation in which we can introduce [D/2]-1 NUT parameters. We find that (D-5)/2 are non-trivial in odd dimensions, whilst (D-2)/2 are non-trivial in even dimensions. This gives the most general Kerr-NUT-AdS metric in $D$ dimensions. We find that in all dimensions D\ge4 there exist discrete symmetries that involve inverting a rotation parameter through the AdS radius. These symmetries imply that Kerr-NUT-AdS metrics with over-rotating parameters are equivalent to under-rotating metrics. We also consider the BPS limit of the Kerr-NUT-AdS metrics, and thereby obtain, in odd dimensions and after Euclideanisation, new families of Einstein-Sasaki metrics.
description: Latex, 24 pages, minor typos corrected
podcast como instrumento de popularização da comunicação científica
Creators: name: Fonseca, Diego Leonardo De Souza
Publisher: name: Cadernos BAD
Year: 2022

description: Ao abordar a necessidade de promover o acesso aberto ao conhecimento científico, pode-se mencionar a divulgação científica como um instrumento essencial de propagação da ciência na sociedade. A imersão dos podcasts na sociedade e na própria comunicação científica advém de um cenário de desenvolvimento tecnológico e de inclusão social, cuja relação das pessoas com o conteúdo difundido nas plataformas de streaming passou a fazer parte do cotidiano, principalmente pelo acesso nos dispositivos móveis. Dentro da comunidade acadêmica, os podcasts surgiram a partir das iniciativas dos projetos de extensão com o objetivo de popularizar a ciência a partir da proposta de divulgação científica, tendo como enfoque a alcançabilidade da comunidade não acadêmica, o combate a desinformação e a necessidade de promover o acesso ao conhecimento científico de maneira mais informal. O objetivo desse estudo foi de analisar a propositura de alguns projetos de extensão de universidades públicas brasileiras que se utilizam do podcast como instrumento de difusão e popularização da ciência no Brasil. O estudo ainda está em andamento com a finalidade de ampliar os nichos de investigação sobre o uso das plataformas digitais e do streaming para a popularização da ciência nas universidades públicas do Brasil.
description: Cadernos BAD, N.º 1-2 (2021): Atas da 12ª Conferência Luso-Brasileira de Ciência Aberta (ConfOA)
The changing social and political issues and their impact on the community design of the False Creek south development
Creators: name: Qiu, Jiang
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2008

description: False Creek is a distinctive neighbourhood in the centre of Vancouver where you would expect to see high density, perhaps high rise development; instead you can see a low and medium rise and low density development with large public open space. It contrasts to the nearby Fairview Slopes and the West End. This thesis tries to investigate and explain what made this land development so different from others. In the 1960s, liberal ideology emerged in Canada. Its influence was felt here in Vancouver. It was embraced by the upcoming new "class" of professional, technical and administrative workers. This new liberal ideology gave new meanings to the ideas of "growth" and "progress". It promoted social equity and livability in urban development; its priority was placed on people not property.Vancouver was transforming from an industrial city to a service oriented post-industrial city. A political party founded at this time, The Elector's Action Movement (TEAM), was liberal-oriented and won the municipal election in 1972. Its election co-incided with the False Creek south development. TEAM innovatively administered the development. It broke away from the former administration, the NPA, and innovatively implemented measures to secure a livable and socially mixed community. The implementation of False Creek south in the first two phases was achieved with the commitment of the TEAM City Council and with the blessings from the federal and provincial government. The result is an innovatively designed and socially mixed neighbourhood in downtown Vancouver. What we can see today in False Creek south shore phase I and II is a legacy of what this party achieved in urban development. With the deterioration of economic situation and the return of a conservative movement in the late 70s and early 80s, TEAM faded away from the municipal politics. Conservative NPA was back to the municipal administration. Urban development was left to the private sector to manipulate.The later two phases became profit driven development with very little concern of social issues. To provide a socially mixed community was not an objective in the later phases in False Creek south. The result is high density, high rise development of the later two phases. This thesis investigates the False Creek south shore development in and after TEAM administration; compares the policies of the two administrations, and the perception of the role of the administration during and after TEAM control; examines the demographic and physical design differences in the same development between different phases. This helps to reveal the inter-relationship between urban development and civic politics and provides a valuable insight into the effects of policy and ideology on the nature of urban development.
DAFNE+ use-case specifications
Creators: name: Vinet, Hugues
name: Beller, Greg
name: Dubois-Heys, Toby
name: Jackson, David
name: Fernández-Cedrón, Iago
name: Leligou, Helen C. (Nelly)
name: Tenorio Fornés, Ámbar
name: Trevisan, Olga
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: This deliverable presents the specification of the DAFNE+ use-cases at the end of the first year of theproject and the methodology and concepts that were developed to produce it. The specification resultsfrom a process that involved the use-cases partners including feedback from the targeted communities. Itstructures each the 3 main use-cases into scenarios related to specific user roles and managed assets andproposes a synthesis of preliminary research outcomes on governance and monetization aspects. Its mainmotivation being to prepare the launch of the use-case pilots, it also presents the use-case implementationstrategy structured into 3 main action lines – promotion, user support and community management,evaluation - to be carried out at the various levels of the use-cases organization.
Exploring the efficiency of sodium alginate beads and Cedrus deodara sawdust for adsorptive removal of crystal violet dye
Creators: name: Arshad, Rimsha
name: Javed, Tariq
name: Thumma, Anusha
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Sodium alginate beads were explored as an adsorbent for exclusion of CV dye in batch mode by optimizing various parameters such as solution pH, effect of dye concentration, adsorbent’s dose, contact time, and temperature. Experimental results revealed that maximum sorption, i.e., 97% was obtained at pH 12 in 20 minutes of contact time, 0.4 g of beads for 10 mL of dye solution at 30 °C. Characterization of sodium alginate beads confirmed that hydroxyl, carboxyl, amine, and sulfate functional groups are involved in dye adsorption on heterogeneous and porous surface of adsorbent. Isotherm study shows that Freundlich model fits best to experimental data having highest possible adsorption capacity of 4.797 mg g−1. Further, kinetic study revealed that pseudo-second order model plays a significant role in adsorption mechanism with R2 = 0.9996. Suitability of each model is also checked by five error analysis models namely Hybrid, MPSD, EABS, ERRSQ, and ARE. Thermodynamic studies implied that CV dye adsorption on sodium alginate beads was spontaneous and endothermic in nature as confirmed from ΔG = −7.8 to −5.8 kJ mol−1 and ΔH = 10.201 kJ mol−1, respectively. Results also show that 92% of dye adsorption take place with tap water. Based on experimental outcomes, it has been concluded that sodium alginate beads are an excellent adsorbent to remove the CV dye from the solution.
Estimates of wasteful commuting in a sample of Canadian cities: a test of the monocentric model
Creators: name: Pratt, Reagan A.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2008

description: This thesis is based on an article by Bruce Hamilton published in the Journal of Political Economy 90(5) in 1982, titled "Wasteful Commuting". The analysis compares "optimal" and "observed” commuting behaviour in 23 Canadian cities in order to provide a test of the monocentric model's ability to predict commuting behaviour. Monocentric models are widely used in urban economics due to their simple structure but any model purporting to explain residential and job choice location should be able to explain observed commuting behaviour. In order to operationalize the model it was necessary to estimate employment and population density gradients for 23 Canadian cities using 1981 census data. Density gradients were estimated using a two-point estimation technique pioneered by Edwin Mills. The employment gradient estimates presented in Chapter 4 are the only existing Canadian estimates for a large set of cities. The density gradient estimates were used to calculate the minimum average commuting distance in each city. The minimum average commute was compared with observed commuting behaviour. Data on observed commuting was obtained from a 1977household survey. The results indicate that observed commuting is, on average, eight times the minimum necessitated by the separation of homes and jobs. Randomly assigning residents to homes and jobs explains observed commuting better than the monocentric model. Like Hamilton's results, the results of this thesis draw into question the validity of the basic monocentric model.
Orchestrated Trios: Compiling for Efficient Communication in Quantum Programs with 3-Qubit Gates
Creators: name: Duckering, Casey
name: Baker, Jonathan M.
name: Litteken, Andrew
name: Chong, Frederic T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Current quantum computers are especially error prone and require high levels of optimization to reduce operation counts and maximize the probability the compiled program will succeed. These computers only support operations decomposed into one- and two-qubit gates and only two-qubit gates between physically connected pairs of qubits. Typical compilers first decompose operations, then route data to connected qubits. We propose a new compiler structure, Orchestrated Trios, that first decomposes to the three-qubit Toffoli, routes the inputs of the higher-level Toffoli operations to groups of nearby qubits, then finishes decomposition to hardware-supported gates. This significantly reduces communication overhead by giving the routing pass access to the higher-level structure of the circuit instead of discarding it. A second benefit is the ability to now select an architecture-tuned Toffoli decomposition such as the 8-CNOT Toffoli for the specific hardware qubits now known after the routing pass. We perform real experiments on IBM Johannesburg showing an average 35% decrease in two-qubit gate count and 23% increase in success rate of a single Toffoli over Qiskit. We additionally compile many near-term benchmark algorithms showing an average 344% increase in (or 4.44x) simulated success rate on the Johannesburg architecture and compare with other architecture types.
description: In ASPLOS '21: 26th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, 12 pages, 12 figures
Theory of ground state cooling of a mechanical oscillator using dynamical back-action
Creators: name: Wilson-Rae, I.
name: Nooshi, N.
name: Zwerger, W.
name: Kippenberg, T. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A quantum theory of cooling of a mechanical oscillator by radiation pressure-induced dynamical back-action is developed, which is analogous to sideband cooling of trapped ions. We find that final occupancies well below unity can be attained when the mechanical oscillation frequency is larger than the cavity linewidth. It is shown that the final average occupancy can be retrieved directly from the optical output spectrum.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
ciência cidadã e o design thinking
Creators: name: Fonseca, Diego Leonardo De Souza
Publisher: name: Cadernos BAD
Year: 2022

description: Ao abordar sobre as estratégias de relacionamento entre a ciência e a sociedade, pode-se mencionar a ciência cidadã como um modelo relacional crucial para a garantia do processo de desenvolvimento de novas estratégias do fazer científico na sociedade. A proposta desse estudo tem como objetivo apresentar uma iniciativa embrionária da construção de um sistema de gestão social de governingthecommons em uma comunidade ribeirinha, localizada no município de Iranduba, Estado do Amazonas, baseada nos princípios da ciência cidadã e aplicada a partir da filosofia de trabalho do design thinking. O método de elaboração do desenho do sistema está sendo construído com base na imersão e na prototipação desenvolvido com o design thinking – divido em três fases: Fase I (Análise das demandas), Fase II (Prototipação da aplicação do sistema) e a Fase III (Testes iniciais e implementação). A proposta foi iniciada em janeiro de 2020, porém devido à pandemia do novo coronavírus (COVID-19) o projeto se encontra interrompido na execução da fase de I, no aguardo das tratativas sanitárias sobre o retorno das atividades de pesquisa em campo para retomar os estudos.
description: Cadernos BAD, N.º 1-2 (2021): Atas da 12ª Conferência Luso-Brasileira de Ciência Aberta (ConfOA)
A scalable hierarchical lasso for gene-environment interactions
Creators: name: Zemlianskaia, Natalia
name: Gauderman, W. James
name: Lewinger, Juan Pablo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We describe a regularized regression model for the selection of gene-environment (GxE) interactions. The model focuses on a single environmental exposure and induces a main-effect-before-interaction hierarchical structure. We propose an efficient fitting algorithm and screening rules that can discard large numbers of irrelevant predictors with high accuracy. We present simulation results showing that the model outperforms existing joint selection methods for (GxE) interactions in terms of selection performance, scalability and speed, and provide a real data application. Our implementation is available in the gesso R package.
Regularized Covariance Estimation for Polarization Radar Detection in Compound Gaussian Sea Clutter
Creators: name: Xie, Lei
name: He, Zishu
name: Tong, Jun
name: Liu, Tianle
name: Li, Jun
name: Xi, Jiangtao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper investigates regularized estimation of Kronecker-structured covariance matrices (CM) for polarization radar in sea clutter scenarios where the data are assumed to follow the complex, elliptically symmetric (CES) distributions with a Kronecker-structured CM. To obtain a well-conditioned estimate of the CM, we add penalty terms of Kullback-Leibler divergence to the negative log-likelihood function of the associated complex angular Gaussian (CAG) distribution. This is shown to be equivalent to regularizing Tyler's fixed-point equations by shrinkage. A sufficient condition that the solution exists is discussed. An iterative algorithm is applied to solve the resulting fixed-point iterations and its convergence is proved. In order to solve the critical problem of tuning the shrinkage factors, we then introduce two methods by exploiting oracle approximating shrinkage (OAS) and cross-validation (CV). The proposed estimator, referred to as the robust shrinkage Kronecker estimator (RSKE), is shown to achieve better performance compared with several existing methods when the training samples are limited. Simulations are conducted for validating the RSKE and demonstrating its high performance by using the IPIX 1998 real sea data.
Mesospheric nitric oxide model from SCIAMACHY data
Creators: name: Bender, Stefan
name: Sinnhuber, Miriam
name: Espy, Patrick J.
name: Burrows, John P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: G.3; I.6.5; J.2
subject: 62J02, 62M10, 65C05

description: We present an empirical model for nitric oxide NO in the mesosphere ($\approx$60--90 km) derived from SCIAMACHY (SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartoghraphY) limb scan data. This work complements and extends the NOEM (Nitric Oxide Empirical Model; Marsh et al., 2004) and SANOMA (SMR Acquired Nitric Oxide Model Atmosphere; Kiviranta et al., 2018) empirical models in the lower thermosphere. The regression ansatz builds on the heritage of studies by Hendrickx et al. (2017) and the superposed epoch analysis by Sinnhuber et al. (2016) which estimate NO production from particle precipitation. Our model relates the daily (longitudinally) averaged NO number densities from SCIAMACHY (Bender et al., 2017a, b) as a function of geomagnetic latitude to the solar Lyman-alpha and the geomagnetic AE (auroral electrojet) indices. We use a non-linear regression model, incorporating a finite and seasonally varying lifetime for the geomagnetically induced NO. We estimate the parameters by finding the maximum posterior probability and calculate the parameter uncertainties using Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling. In addition to providing an estimate of the NO content in the mesosphere, the regression coefficients indicate regions where certain processes dominate.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures; published in Atmos. Chem. Phys
Nucleonic gamma-ray production in Pulsar Wind Nebulae
Creators: name: Horns, D.
name: Aharonian, F.
name: Hoffmann, A. I. D.
name: Santangelo, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations of the inner radian of the Galactic disk at very high energy (VHE) gamma-rays have revealed at least 16 new sources. Besides shell type super-nova remnants, pulsar wind nebulae (PWN) appear to be a dominant source population in the catalogue of VHE gamma-ray sources. Except for the Crab nebula, the newly discovered PWN are resolved at VHE gamma-rays to be spatially extended (5-20 pc). Currently, at least 3 middle aged ($t>10$ kyrs) PWN (Vela X, G18.0-0.7, and G313.3+0.6 in the ``Kookaburra'' region) and 1 young PWN MSH 15-5{\it2} ($t=1.55$ kyrs) have been identified to be VHE emitting PWN (sometimes called ``TeV Plerions''). Two more candidate ``TeV Plerions'' have been identifed and have been reported at this conference [1]. In this contribution, the gamma-ray emission from Vela X is explained by a nucleonic component in the pulsar wind. The measured broad band spectral energy distribution is compared with the expected X-ray emission from primary and secondary electrons. The observed X-ray emission and TeV emission from the three middle aged PWN are compared with each other.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, to appear in proceedings "The Multi-Messenger Approach to High-Energy Gamma-Ray Sources", Barcelona July 2006
Snow Blowing in Extreme Conditions.pdf
Creators: name: blue, linda
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 401106
subject: Waste management, reduction, reuse and recycling

description: Snow blowing in extreme conditions demands strategic approaches and resilient equipment. This comprehensive exploration addresses challenges like heavy snowfall, blizzards, and icy surfaces. Strategies include equipment preparedness, timing, and path-clearing techniques.
Informational Robustness of Common Belief in Rationality
Creators: name: Ziegler, Gabriel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Theoretical Economics (econ.TH)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: In this note, I explore the implications of informational robustness under the assumption of common belief in rationality. That is, predictions for incomplete-information games which are valid across all possible information structures. First, I address this question from a global perspective and then generalize the analysis to allow for localized informational robustness.
A Direct Matrix Method for Computing Analytical Jacobians of Discretized Nonlinear Integro-differential Equations
Creators: name: Chu, Kevin T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 65-01, 65L10, 65N22

description: In this pedagogical article, we present a simple direct matrix method for analytically computing the Jacobian of nonlinear algebraic equations that arise from the discretization of nonlinear integro-differential equations. The method is based on a formulation of the discretized equations in vector form using only matrix-vector products and component-wise operations. By applying simple matrix-based differentiation rules, the matrix form of the analytical Jacobian can be calculated with little more difficulty than that required when computing derivatives in single-variable calculus. After describing the direct matrix method, we present numerical experiments demonstrating the computational performance of the method, discuss its connection to the Newton-Kantorovich method, and apply it to illustrative 1D and 2D example problems. MATLAB code is provided to demonstrate the low code complexity required by the method.
description: 29 pages, 5 figures, educational
Dynamics and (de)localization in a one-dimensional tight-binding chain
Creators: name: Siber, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simple tight-binding model is used to illustrate how the time dependence of a state vector can be obtained from all the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the Hamiltonian. The behavior of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors is studied for various parameters and allows us to study scattering-like events, impurity states, and localization in disordered systems.
Gestão de dados de pesquisa em saúde no contexto da colaboração científica internacional
Creators: name: Oliveira, Luisi Maria Costa De
name: Silva, Cícera Henrique Da
name: Veiga, Viviane Santos De Oliveira
Publisher: name: Cadernos BAD
Year: 2022

description: Este estudo discute a gestão de dados de pesquisa como elemento fundamental para a garantia da integridade da pesquisa científica realizada em contextos de colaborações internacionais. Objetiva investigar as orientações dos financiadores para gestão de dados no campo da saúde em projetos executados por pesquisadores de mais de um país. Analisa as políticas para gestão de dados dos dois principais financiadores da pesquisa em saúde, National Institutes of Health e a European Commission, a partir de uma estrutura de avaliação de políticas de dados elaborada com base em modelos disponíveis na literatura nacional e internacional. Verifica que os financiadores analisados reconhecem a importância da negociação de acordos a respeito de questões inerentes à gestão de dados antes do início dos projetos colaborativos que financiam. Identifica a insuficiência de orientações específicas para a gestão dos dados gerados em pesquisas realizadas no âmbito de colaborações entre pesquisadores de diferentes países. Conclui-se que lacunas normativas para a gestão de dados produzidos nesses tipos de empreendimentos científicos podem provocar confrontos normativos entre as normas (nacionais e institucionais) que possivelmente serão acionadas por esses atores envolvidos na pesquisa colaborativa internacional, visando garantir os compromissos e responsabilidades assumidos com o tratamento dos dados da investigação.
description: Cadernos BAD, N.º 1-2 (2021): Atas da 12ª Conferência Luso-Brasileira de Ciência Aberta (ConfOA)
Simultaneous Scene Reconstruction and Whole-Body Motion Planning for Safe Operation in Dynamic Environments
Creators: name: Finean, Mark Nicholas
name: Merkt, Wolfgang
name: Havoutis, Ioannis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent work has demonstrated real-time mapping and reconstruction from dense perception, while motion planning based on distance fields has been shown to achieve fast, collision-free motion synthesis with good convergence properties. However, demonstration of a fully integrated system that can safely re-plan in unknown environments, in the presence of static and dynamic obstacles, has remained an open challenge. In this work, we first study the impact that signed and unsigned distance fields have on optimisation convergence, and the resultant error cost in trajectory optimisation problems in 2D path planning, arm manipulator motion planning, and whole-body loco-manipulation planning. We further analyse the performance of three state-of-the-art approaches to generating distance fields (Voxblox, Fiesta, and GPU-Voxels) for use in real-time environment reconstruction. Finally, we use our findings to construct a practical hybrid mapping and motion planning system which uses GPU-Voxels and GPMP2 to perform receding-horizon whole-body motion planning that can smoothly avoid moving obstacles in 3D space using live sensor data. Our results are validated in simulation and on a real-world Toyota Human Support Robot (HSR).
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables, presented at 2021 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). Copyright 2021 IEEE, https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9636860
Bounds on Ratios of DIS Structure Functions from the Color Dipole Picture
Creators: name: Ewerz, Carlo
name: Nachtmann, Otto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive bounds on ratios of deep inelastic nucleon structure functions from the color dipole picture of high energy photon-hadron scattering. We find an upper bound on the ratio R=sigma_L/sigma_T of the total cross sections for longitudinally and transversely polarized photons. We further obtain bounds on the ratio of deep inelastic structure functions F_2 taken at the same energy but at different photon virtualities. It is shown that these bounds can be used to constrain the range of applicability of the dipole picture.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures; v2: comments and reference added, journal version
Proposal for a Bell test in cavity optomagnonics
Creators: name: Xie, Hong
name: Shi, Zhi-Gao
name: He, Le-Wei
name: Chen, Xiang
name: Liao, Chang-Geng
name: Lin, Xiu-Min
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a proposal to test Bell inequality in the emerging field of cavity optomagnonics, where a sphere of ferromagnetic crystal supports two optical whispering gallery modes and one magnon mode. The two optical modes are driven by two laser pulses, respectively. Entanglement between magnon mode and one of the two optical modes will be generated by the first pulse, and the state of magnon mode is subsequently mapped into another optical mode via the second pulse. Hence correlated photon-photon pairs is created out of the cavity. A Bell test can be implemented using these pairs, which enables us to test local hidden-variable models at macroscopic optomagnonical system. Our results show that a significant violation of Bell inequality can be obtained in the experimentally relevant weak-coupling regime. The violation of Bell inequality not only verifies the entanglement between magnons and photons, but also implies that cavity optomagnonics is a promising platform for quantum information processing tasks.
Integral field near-infrared spectroscopy of II Zw 40
Creators: name: Vanzi, L.
name: Cresci, G.
name: Telles, E.
name: Melnick, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present integral field spectroscopy in the near-infrared of the nearby starburst galaxy IIZw40. Our new observations provide an unprecedented detailed view of the interstellar medium and star formation of this galaxy. The radiation emitted by the galaxy is dominated by a giant HII region, which extends over an area of more than 400 pc in size. A few clusters are present in this area, however one in particular appears to be the main source of ionizing photons. We derive the properties of this object and compare them with those of the 30 Doradus cluster in the Large magellanic cloud (LMC). We study the spatial distribution and velocity field of different components of the inetrstellar medium (ISM), mostly through the Bracket series lines, the molecular hydrogen spectrum, and [FeII]. We find that [FeII] and H2 are mostly photon excited, but while the region emitting [FeII] is almost coincident with the giant HII region observed in the lines of atomic H and He, the H2 has a quite different distribution in space and velocity. The age of the stellar population in the main cluster is such that no supernova (SN) should be present yet so that the gas kinematics must be dominated by the young stars. We do not see, in the starbursting region, any geometrical or dynamical structure that can be related to the large scale morphology of the galaxy.
description: Accepted for publication on A&A
Observation of $ΔϕΔη$ Scaled Correlation Signals which increase wirh Centrality of Au Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV
Creators: name: Longacre, R. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show the preliminary charged-particle pair correlation analyses presented in a poster session at the 2006 International Quark Matter Conference in Shanghai China. The correlation analysis space of $Δϕ$ (azimuth) and $Δη$ (pseudo-rapidity) are considered as a function of centrality for minimum bias Au + Au collisions in the mid-transverse momentum range in the STAR detector. The analyses involve unlike-sign charge pairs and like-sign charge pairs, which are transformed into charge-dependent (CD) signals and charge-independent (CI) signals. We use a multiplicity scale to compare the different centralities. We find the signals increase with increasing centrality. A model featuring dense gluonic hot spots as first proposed by van Hove predicts that the observables under investigation would have sensitivity to such a substructure should it occur. A blast wave model including multiple hot spots motivates the selection of transverse momenta in the range 0.8 GeV/c$ < p_t < $4.0 GeV/c.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures, Poster at 2006 International Quark Matter Conference in Shanghai China
Brane Cosmological Evolution With Bulk Matter
Creators: name: Bogdanos, C.
name: Tamvakis, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the cosmological evolution of a brane for general bulk matter content. In our setup the bulk pressure and the energy exchange densities are comparable to the brane energy density. Adopting a phenomenological fluid ansatz and generalizations of it, we derive a set of exact solutions of the Friedmann equation that exhibit accelerated expansion. We find that the effective equation of state parameter for the dark energy can exhibit w=-1 crossing without the presence of exotic matter.
description: 11 Pages
Kanerva++: extending The Kanerva Machine with differentiable, locally block allocated latent memory
Creators: name: Ramapuram, Jason
name: Wu, Yan
name: Kalousis, Alexandros
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Episodic and semantic memory are critical components of the human memory model. The theory of complementary learning systems (McClelland et al., 1995) suggests that the compressed representation produced by a serial event (episodic memory) is later restructured to build a more generalized form of reusable knowledge (semantic memory). In this work we develop a new principled Bayesian memory allocation scheme that bridges the gap between episodic and semantic memory via a hierarchical latent variable model. We take inspiration from traditional heap allocation and extend the idea of locally contiguous memory to the Kanerva Machine, enabling a novel differentiable block allocated latent memory. In contrast to the Kanerva Machine, we simplify the process of memory writing by treating it as a fully feed forward deterministic process, relying on the stochasticity of the read key distribution to disperse information within the memory. We demonstrate that this allocation scheme improves performance in memory conditional image generation, resulting in new state-of-the-art conditional likelihood values on binarized MNIST (<=41.58 nats/image) , binarized Omniglot (<=66.24 nats/image), as well as presenting competitive performance on CIFAR10, DMLab Mazes, Celeb-A and ImageNet32x32.
Scarring on invariant manifolds for perturbed quantized hyperbolic toral automorphisms
Creators: name: Kelmer, Dubi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We exhibit scarring for certain nonlinear ergodic toral automorphisms. There are perturbed quantized hyperbolic toral automorphisms preserving certain co-isotropic submanifolds. The classical dynamics is ergodic, hence in the semiclassical limit almost all eigenstates converge to the volume measure of the torus. Nevertheless, we show that for each of the invariant submanifolds, there are also eigenstates which localize and converge to the volume measure of the corresponding submanifold.
description: 17 pages