title: Energy-efficient technologies for sustainable reconstruction of the historical buildings in Saint-Petersburg
title: Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð¼Ð°Ð³Ð¸ÑÑÑÐ°
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: ÐÑÐµÐ²Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÑÐºÐ°Ñ, ÐÐµÑÐ¾Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ°
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2020
Subjects: ÑÐ½ÐµÑÐ³Ð¾ÑÑÑÐµÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑ
ÑÑÑÐµÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ðµ ÑÐ¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ ÑÐ¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð½ÑÐ¼Ð¸ ÑÐµÑÑÑÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¸
Ð´Ð¾Ð¶Ð´ÐµÐ²Ð°Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð°
ÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¹ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð¾Ðµ ÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÑÑÐ²Ð¾
ÑÐµÐ»Ð¸ ÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¹ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÐ°Ð·Ð²Ð¸ÑÐ¸Ñ
ÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¹ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð°Ñ ÑÐµÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑÑÑÐºÑÐ¸Ñ
Ð¾Ð±ÑÐµÐºÑÑ ÐºÑÐ»ÑÑÑÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð½Ð°ÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ñ
energy efficiency
water efficiency
rainwater
sustainability
sustainable development goals
sustainable reconstruction
cultural heritage

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description: The subject of graduate qualification work is âEnergy-Efficient Technologies for Sustainable Reconstruction of Historical Buildings in Saint-Petersburgâ. The presented work is devoted to studying water efficiency innovations, that can be implemented to historical buildings of Saint-Petersburg, to improve the environmental impact, and design methodology implementation of efficient water management as an element of sustainability in Russia.
The research set the following goals:
1. Studying water innovative management, analyze its advantages and disadvantages to investigate the methodology of implementation rainwater collection systems for historical buildings and buildings with local, federal historical heritage status of Saint-Petersburg Committee on State Control, Use and Protection of Monuments of History and Culture for reconstruction, renovation or overhaul projects.
2. The aggregate of this information confirmed the obligatoriness for further research in terms of developing a mathematical model of rainwater and meltwater consumption for technical uses toilet flushing of residential houses. 
3. Design the methodology for the implementation of efficient water management as an element of sustainable development in Russia.
Since 1990, energy-efficient development concepts have constituted both a turning point in civil engineering and a challenge for an environmentally friendly future. Energy and water currently play an essential role in the sustainable economic growth of the world in general and Russia in particular: the efficiency of the water supply system is the second most important parameter for energy consumption according to the British assessment method, while the water-energy nexus has been identified as a focus for accelerating sustainable growth and developing effective, innovative solutions. The activities considered in this article were aimed at organizing and executing the renovation of the property in residential buildings located in St. Petersburg, specifical buildings with local or federal historical heritage status under the control of the St. Petersburg Committee for the State Inspection and Protection of Historic and Cultural Monuments (KGIOP) and UNESCO. Even after reconstruction, these buildings still fall into energy efficiency class D. Russian Government Resolution No. 87 on the structure and required content of project documentation contains a section entitled âMeasures to ensure compliance with energy efficiency and equipment requirements for buildings, structures, and constructions with energy metering devicesâ. Mention is made of the need to install collectors and meters, which only calculate energy, neglecting the main purpose: to make buildings more energy-efficient, potentially even energy efficiency class A. The least-explored aspects of energy-efficient technology in the Russian Federation remain the water balance and the possibility of implementing rain and meltwater collection systems. These modern technologies are used exclusively for new buildings due to a lack of government directive to create project documentation during the planning of major renovations and reconstruction that would include the collection and reuse of rainwater. Energy-efficient technology for rain and meltwater collection is currently applied only to new buildings, even though research has proved that using rainwater is safe and offers a huge step forward in terms of eco-efficiency analysis and water innovation. Where conservation is mandatory, making changes to protected sites is prohibited. In most cases, the protected site is the cultural heritage building itself, including the main walls and roof. However, the installation of a second water supply system and collection of rainwater would not affect the protected building itself. Water efficiency in St. Petersburg is currently considered only for the installation that regulates the flow of the pipeline shutoff valves. The development of technical guidelines for the use of grey- and/or rainwater to meet the needs of residential buildings during reconstruction or renovation is not yet complete. The ideas for water treatment, collection, and distribution systems presented in this article should be taken into consideration during the reconstruction or renovation of residential cultural heritage buildings under the protection of KGIOP and UNESCO. The methodology applied also has the potential to be extended to other cultural heritage sites in northern countries and lands with an average annual rainfall of over 600 mm to cover average toilet-flush needs.[1] The sustainable challenge of Saint-Petersburg follows improving environmental and living quality due to developing renewable power resources. Because of climate conditions and increasing precipitation, the main renewable resource of the Northern Capital is water.
 The research work was conducted from October 2018 till May 2020. The analysis was executed by the method of mathematical modeling with the use of Microsoft Excel software. The study resulted into the sufficient rainwater collection for installment in residential buildings located in St. Petersburg, that are historical buildings and buildings with the local, federal historical heritage status of Saint-Petersburg Committee on State Control, Use and Protection of Monuments of History and Culture due to improving energy-efficiency and sustainability for the project of reconstruction or renovation. There was developed a methodology, that explains the sustainable approach of upgrading historical buildings due to reconstruction or renovation and overall environmental impact. The outcome of the research work affects the Sustainable Development Goals of the Russian Federation, as No.6 - preserving and fine cleaning water resources; No.11 - sustain human settlements and cities; No.12 - sustainable consumption and production; No.13 - Climate Change challenge; No.14 sustainable use of oceans and seas. The model of rainwater and meltwater collection for secondary use for toilet flush needs due to re-equipment, reconstruction or renovation of the residential historical buildings will introduce renewable water resources usage, encourage sustainable development of Saint-Petersburg, save clean potable water, create a new resource - rainwater and meltwater, relieve pressure on rain sewer networks, develop the economy, and increase the quality of life of citizens.