cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Fabulous Fractals
Creators: name: Kurtin, Danielle
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2020

description: These slides were created for use in the Surrey Reproducibility Society's April 2020 Monthly Mini Hack. For a full transcript of the presentation please download the slides and consult the notes. Below is an outline of it's contents.

Fractals Hall of Fame
The brilliant minds behind fractals lived and worked in a diversity of environments, and shared a love for the beauty and utility of fractals.

The Math
From simple rules, to imaginary planes, to clear code, let's marvel at the math underpinning fractals!

Their Uses
Do you like Star Trek? The landscape for a faraway planet was the first use of fractals in CGI, and is now a standard technique used to generate CGI landscapes or natural scenery!

Examples
This is what we're here for, aren't we! Let's code some fractals! This section follows an available tutorial on how you can code some fractals on your own. Who knows, maybe you'll make a landscape for your own far away planet!
Three Major Problems Threatening Multi-National Pharmaceutical Companies Doing Business in China
Creators: name: Chow, Daniel C.K.
Publisher: name: Science and Technology Law Review
Year: 2018

description: Multi-National Companies (MNCs) in the pharmaceutical industry today face formidable challenges in China, the world’s second-largest pharmaceutical market after the United States. Not only is China the world’s largest source of counterfeit and substandard drugs, Chinese authorities have also recently targeted MNCs as part of a crackdown on bribery and competition law violations. In addition, China has a number of technology transfer laws that seem designed to force MNCs to provide uncompensated access to their proprietary technology protected by patents and trade secrets. All of these problems can be traced to China’s rising nationalism and protectionism in its dealings with foreign companies and nations in international business and trade. These are daunting problems, but while MNCs focus their efforts on short-term technical solutions, only a long-term approach focusing on legal and political reform can provide a lasting solution.
description: Science and Technology Law Review, Vol 19 No 1: 2017-2018
Tying, Exclusivity, and Standard-Essential Patents
Creators: name: Hovenkamp, Erik
Publisher: name: Science and Technology Law Review
Year: 2018

description: When a technological standard is adopted, implementers must pay to license all “standard-essential patents” (SEPs)—those patents covering core features of the standard—although the particular price terms usually cannot be negotiated before adoption. To allay implementers’ fear of being “held up,” SEP owners usually make commitments to offer licenses on “fair, reasonable, and nondiscriminatory” (FRAND) terms. Among other things, this acts as a contractual price control for SEP licenses, albeit an imprecise one that is subject to judicial interpretation. Aside from licenses, an SEP holder may further supply an important “collateral input”—one that is not subject to the FRAND pledge, but which implementers nevertheless require in order to market a viable product, such as a physical component. The SEP holder might tie its SEP rights to the collateral input. It might also engage in exclusive dealing or related practices, such as a “loyalty discounting” arrangement that imposes larger royalties on implementers who buy the input from competing providers. Importantly, FRAND pledges create a distinct impetus for tying and exclusive dealing: to circumvent the price control on licenses by diverting the desired markup to the collateral input. The result may be to foreclose competitors’ input sales. Such restraints have received little attention in the FRAND literature, but they are an emerging concern for innovation and competition policy. They have recently been attacked in two high-profile complaints filed against Qualcomm: one by the Federal Trade Commission and the other by Apple. Against this backdrop, this Article provides a legal and economic evaluation of tying and exclusive dealing arrangements in FRAND licensing. Such practices may act to undermine the FRAND price control, potentially violating the SEP holder’s commitment. The case for antitrust intervention is harder to make, but in principle the arrangement could act to exclude actual or potential competition in the collateral input market, bringing it within the scope of antitrust law. Several policy recommendations for how courts and standard setting organizations might address these tying and exclusivity arrangements are offered at the end of this Article
description: Science and Technology Law Review, Vol 19 No 1: 2017-2018
The Opinion of Machines
Creators: name: Karnow, Curtis E.A.
Publisher: name: Science and Technology Law Review
Year: 2018

description: With the two goals of providing (a) an introduction to the technology of neural networks and (b) an argument for the admissibility of machine opinion, this Article introduces the technology by first looking at the relatively familiar operation of technology-assisted review (TAR) of documents in a typical case. The Article then outlines the extensive application of neural networks in the real world, which is used later to argue that systems trusted in the field should be trusted in court. The Article then turns to the law of evidence, focusing on the rules governing the admissibility of computer-stored and computer-generated data, including animations and simulations. The theme of those sections is, again, that reliability drives admissibility. This sets the stage for the Article’s central contention, made through four arguments, that the output of neural networks be admissible in court. The Article ends by invoking the need for meaningful cross-examination, setting out the risks—and so the likely targets of that crossexamination—which attend the admission of opinions generated by neural networks.
description: Science and Technology Law Review, Vol 19 No 1: 2017-2018
The Graymail Problem Anew in a World Going Dark
Creators: name: Chen, Christine W.
Publisher: name: Science and Technology Law Review
Year: 2018

description: As technology moves toward encryption, law enforcement has turned to creative methods to apprehend criminals attempting to hide or obscure their digital wrongdoings. One such method is the network investigative technique (NIT), which essentially operates by sending a tracking program to users’ computer systems to uncover their real IP addresses. Judges can authorize the deployment of NITs through warrants. With the jurisdictional hurdle limiting the reach of such warrants removed by the recent change in Rule 41 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, the usage of NITs is certain to become more commonplace. However, courts are uncertain about how to treat evidence obtained through NITs, especially with respect to whether defendants are entitled to the full NIT code used against them in the course of discovery. If defendants can access the full code, they could threaten to divulge it to the general public unless prosecutors drop the criminal charges. But if prevented from accessing the code under any circumstances, defendants may be locked into an unfair trial. This Note suggests that courts will need to reformulate the test traditionally used to balance the government’s interests and defendants’ due process rights with regard to sensitive or confidential information to create a general presumption against releasing the full NIT code.
description: Science and Technology Law Review, Vol 19 No 1: 2017-2018
Understanding dementia among UK Bangladeshi: a synthesis of qualitative research on South Asian people with dementia
Creators: name: Hossain, Muhammad
name: Dr Ann Dewey
name: Dr Yohai Hakak
name: Dr Karan Jutlla
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Education
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: Anthropology

description: Through meta-aggregation clearly identify the gaps in the literature and produce new knowledge and understanding of the attitudes, perceptions, and beliefs of the Bangladeshi community about dementia and increase awareness and understanding of dementia among Bangladeshi communities in the UK. What are the ranges of views (perceptions, beliefs, and experiences) about dementia of South Asian immigrants with dementia, their families and carers (formal and informal)? What are the potential barriers to diagnosis or other factors associated with missed opportunities for dementia diagnosis and accessibility to services for South Asian immigrants? What are the differences and similarities in the understanding of dementia between the South Asian immigrants’ countries of origin and countries of settlement? Are there any specific views about and experiences of dementia of UK Bangladeshi immigrants with dementia, their families and carers (formal and informal) which are different from other South Asian immigrants in the UK?
title: Governance in Wissenschaftsorganisationen - Konstruktiver Umgang mit Konflikten und Vorwürfen: Bericht über die Tagung am 16. und 17.3.2023 an der Bergischen Universität Wuppertal
Creators: name: Reimer, Maike
Publisher: name: Fachinformationsdienst für internationale und interdisziplinäre Rechtsforschung
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Deutschland
subject: 344

description: Ordnung der Wissenschaft, no. 4, p. 243
Complexity and Idiosyncrasy at the Federal Circuit
Creators: name: Cahoy, Daniel R.
name: Oswald, Lynda J.
Publisher: name: Science and Technology Law Review
Year: 2018

description: As a specialized intermediate appellate court with exclusive jurisdiction over all U.S. patent appeals, the Federal Circuit wields extraordinary power over the development of the language of patent law. Scholars theorize that the Federal Circuit’s isolation causes it to speak to a narrow audience (the specialized patent bar and sophisticated members of the inventive industries). In particular, the court may intentionally or subconsciously employ “jargon” to obscure difficult legal or policy issues. This Article uses recent case examples to illustrate that Federal Circuit patent doctrine does indeed suffer from two forms of obscurity related to vocabulary: complexity and idiosyncrasy. Patent system policy and goals suggest that obscurity is problematic and should be reduced. The optimal forum for concentrating on change is the Federal Circuit, but reducing obscurity while preserving the advantages of a specialized court is an enduring challenge.
description: Science and Technology Law Review, Vol 19 No 2: 2017-2018
title: Prüfungen im digitalen Zeitalter – aktuelle rechtliche Fragestellungen: Bericht über die Tagung des Vereins zur Förderung des deutschen und internationalen Wissenschaftsrechts e.V. am 12.5.2023
Creators: name: Haake, Karoline
Publisher: name: Fachinformationsdienst für internationale und interdisziplinäre Rechtsforschung
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Deutschland
subject: 344

description: Ordnung der Wissenschaft, no. 4, p. 235
title: Die neue Hessische Hochschule für öffentliches Management und Sicherheit: Hochschulorganisation sui generis – auf Kosten der Wissenschaftsfreiheit
Creators: name: Weitz, Samuel
Publisher: name: Fachinformationsdienst für internationale und interdisziplinäre Rechtsforschung
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Deutschland
subject: 344

description: Ordnung der Wissenschaft, no. 4, p. 225
Expertise on Trial
Creators: name: Dillon, James R.
Publisher: name: Science and Technology Law Review
Year: 2018

description: The problem of epistemic competence—the inability of courts to effectively interpret and apply scientific expert testimony to the resolution of legal disputes—has been a vexing one for nearly as long as expert witnesses have been routine fixtures in litigation. This Article argues that the intractability of the problem is the result of the epistemological paradigm by which the discussion has been framed. The existing literature makes an impossible demand: that individual legal decision makers possess substantive expertise in all scientific domains in which expert witnesses testify. Because judges and jurors are not omniscient, this demand can never be satisfied, and reform proposals have therefore been limited to mitigating the problem rather than solving it. This Article proposes a new solution to the problem of epistemic competence. First, it traces the converging accounts of classical epistemology and the sociology of scientific knowledge to show that warranted judgments in matters of scientific fact can be made only by judges who possess expertise in the relevant scientific domain. Second, the Article draws on insights from social epistemology to advocate a collectivist epistemological paradigm wherein the institution of the court, rather than the individual judge and jurors, is the epistemic agent of interest. The Article describes a system of distributed cognition that would vest scientific expertise and legal authority in courts as institutional epistemic agents, thus solving the problem of epistemic competence. Finally, the Article describes one method by which the social epistemological solution might be implemented, by creating a new office of scientific experts within the federal judiciary.
description: Science and Technology Law Review, Vol 19 No 2: 2017-2018
Rethinking the Mental Steps Doctrine and Other Barriers to Patentability of Artificial Intelligence
Creators: name: Hattenbach, Ben
name: Snyder, Gavin
Publisher: name: Science and Technology Law Review
Year: 2018

description: In recent years, our federal courts have given increased attention to the question of what subject matter is eligible for patent protection. The resulting caselaw, developed mostly in the context of business methods or other relatively straight forward technologies, exhibits a number of trends that broadly call into question the patentability of inventions in the field of artificial intelligence. In particular, one series of cases has revitalized the “mental steps doctrine” as a mechanism for invalidating patents. These cases suggest that technology for emulating or replicating activities that could otherwise be accomplished by the human thought process are not patentable. A second series of cases has placed undue emphasis on quantifiable operational improvements as a yardstick for patent-eligibility of computer-related inventions. These cases suggest that even the most ingenious and useful advances in that area may be unpatentable if they do not also provide a readily measurable improvement in performance. Although this precedent was largely crafted outside the artificial intelligence context, it is nonetheless being used by inventors, investors, and courts to gauge the patentability of advances in artificial intelligence. As a result, incentives to innovate in that field are being considerably diminished and, in some instances, altogether eliminated—a consequence that does not appear to have been considered by the deciding courts. This Article highlights this growing problem, explains why the eligibility barriers developed in the series of cases described above should generally not be applied to prevent patenting of advances in artificial intelligence, and proposes better ways forward.
description: Science and Technology Law Review, Vol 19 No 2: 2017-2018
MULTI-PORT SOLUTION FOR EFFICIENT, LOW-COST OPTICAL SWITCHES
Creators: name: Berg, Devin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mechanical Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering

description: Abstract Optical switches offer a promising solution for routing optical-fiber based signals which are popular within the telecommunications industry. The project presented here investigated the possibility of utilizing a large displacement electrostatic comb-drive actuator to permit a single input signal to be routed to one of multiple output optical ports. A review of the literature revealed several solution possibilities that have been explored in the past; however, the majority of the multi-port solutions use complicated actuator arrays to achieve the necessary routing capability. By using a single degree of freedom system, the complexity of both the manufacturing process as well as the control method for the final system can be simplified. Presented here is a novel design for an optical switch including the fabrication process, mask layout, and packaging method necessary to realize this design as a real world application. A review of MEMS technology as applied to optical switches and a proposal for a new design.
Desktop Load/Deflection Measurement
Creators: name: Berg, Devin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mechanical Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering

description: Abstract In order to achieve a low-cost solution for the collection of load/deflection data, a simple device based upon a balance like mechanism and two variable measurements was designed and tested. The device uses a linear variable di fferential transformer and a potentiometer to determine the load applied to the test specimen and the extension that the specimen exhibits under such a load. Test samples of known characteristics were used in order to provide a basis for gaging the performance of the device against well established measurement systems. It was found that the slope of the load/deflection curve obtained with this device was within 10 % of the accepted data. This performance is considered reasonable for a device of this nature and several areas for improvement are discussed. Design and prototyping of a desktop load/deflection testing device.
On the intimate association between even binary palindromic words and the Collatz-Hailstone iterations
Creators: name: Raptis, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Mathematics (math.GM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The celebrated $3x+1$ problem is reformulated via the use of an analytic expression of the trailing zeros sequence resulting in a single branch formula $f(x)+1$ with a unique fixed point. The resultant formula $f(x)$ is also found to coincide with that of the discrete derivative of the sorted sequence of fixed points of the reflection operator on even binary palindromes of fixed even length \textit{2k} in any interval $[0\cdots2^{2k}-1]$. A set of equivalent reformulations of the problem are also presented.
description: 20 pages, 5 figures
title: Promotion und Wissenschaftsplagiate: Eine Bestandsaufnahme im Regelungsverbund zwischen Landesgesetzgebung, Hochschulen und Richterrecht
Creators: name: Schenke, Ralf P.
Publisher: name: Fachinformationsdienst für internationale und interdisziplinäre Rechtsforschung
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Deutschland
subject: 344

description: Ordnung der Wissenschaft, no. 4, p. 209
title: Recht ohne Wirklichkeit?: Ein rechtswissenschaftlicher Ausblick ins Jahr 2035
Creators: name: Rachut, Sarah
Publisher: name: Fachinformationsdienst für internationale und interdisziplinäre Rechtsforschung
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Deutschland
subject: 344

description: Ordnung der Wissenschaft, no. 4, p. 191
title: Die Benutzung interaktiver Anwendungen in Präsenzveranstaltungen: Bericht eines Anfangs
Creators: name: Vuattoux-Bock, Samuel
Publisher: name: Fachinformationsdienst für internationale und interdisziplinäre Rechtsforschung
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 340

description: Rechts|Empirie: Legal Empirics in Europe
Diversity dynamics in Nymphalidae butterflies: Effect of phylogenetic uncertainty on diversification rate shift estimates
Creators: name: Peña, Carlos
name: Espeland, Marianne
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The family Nymphalidae is the largest family within the true butterflies and has been used to
develop hypotheses explaining evolutionary interactions between plants and insects. Theories of
insect and hostplant dynamics predict accelerated diversification in some scenarios. We
investigated whether phylogenetic uncertainty affects a commonly used method (MEDUSA,
modelling evolutionary diversity using stepwise AIC) for estimating shifts in diversification rates
in lineages of the family Nymphalidae, by extending the method to run across a random sample
of phylogenetic trees from the posterior distribution of a Bayesian run. We found that
phylogenetic uncertainty greatly affects diversification rate estimates. Different trees from the
posterior distribution can give diversification rates ranging from high values to almost zero for
the same clade, and for some clades both significant rate increase and decrease were estimated.
Only three out of 13 significant shifts found on the maximum credibility tree were consistent
across more than 95% of the trees from the posterior: (i) accelerated diversification for
Solanaceae feeders in the tribe Ithomiini; (ii) accelerated diversification in the genus Charaxes,
and (iii) deceleration in the Danaina. By using the binary speciation and extinction model
(BISSE), we found that a hostplant shift to Solanaceae or a codistributed character is responsible
for the increase in diversification rate in Ithomiini, and the result is congruent with the diffuse
cospeciation hypothesis. A shift to Apocynaceae is not responsible for the slowdown of
diversification in Danaina. Our results show that taking phylogenetic uncertainty into account
when estimating diversification rate shifts is of great importance, and relying on the maximum
credibility tree alone potentially can give erroneous results.
title: Anbindehaltung: Keine rechtliche Grauzone, sondern illegale Routine
Creators: name: Bülte, Jens
name: Hahn, Johanna
name: Troxler, Josef
Publisher: name: Fachinformationsdienst für internationale und interdisziplinäre Rechtsforschung
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 342

description: Verfassungsblog: On Matters Constitutional
Incentivizing Drug Development
Creators: name: Khachatryan, Kevin
Publisher: name: Science and Technology Law Review
Year: 2017

description: The Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) has embraced its position as the Gatekeeper of the pharmaceutical industry. However, the agency’s regulatory requirements have stifled innovation in key therapeutic areas. Promoting robust drug development in these “neglected” areas has become a distinct congressional goal. On July 9, 2012, Congress passed the Generating Antibiotic Incentives Now (“GAIN”) Act as part of the Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act. GAIN increases the exclusivity period of a Qualified Infectious Disease Product (“QIDP”) by five years and provides fast track and priority review by the FDA. The bipartisan legislation responded to the National Strategy on Combating Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria and encouraged the development of drug products to treat serious and life-threatening infections. In 2012, Congress also passed the Rare Pediatric Disease Priority Review Voucher to fight rare pediatric diseases. Several other bills have been proposed to incentivize drug developers — including the groundbreaking 21st Century Cures Act, the Promoting Life-Saving New Therapies for Neonates Act of 2015, and the Advancing Targeted Therapies for Rare Diseases Act of 2015. I begin this article by describing several areas of concern in healthcare and the recent history of congressional reform incentivizing healthcare innovation, including novel legislative-regulatory mechanisms. Then, I describe the newest legislation in detail. I conclude by proposing flexible incentivizing mechanisms that fit neatly into the current regulatory framework.
description: Science and Technology Law Review, Vol 18 No 1: 2016-2017
On early sensory experience in humans and machines
Creators: name: Vogelsang, Marin
Publisher: name: Universität Osnabrück
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Perceptual development
subject: Deep neural networks
subject: Visual development
subject: 500 - Naturwissenschaften

description: Human perceptual development typically evolves in a temporally structured manner. As newborns, we start out with limited perceptual abilities and acquire greater and greater proficiencies over the subsequent months or years. In the visual modality, for instance, a newborn experiences the world with poor color sensitivity, resolution acuity, and contrast sensitivity initially. Then, over time, greater visual capabilities are being acquired. While these developmental progressions are well-established, their potential functional significance is not yet determined. In this thesis, I report computational tests of the hypothesis that initial sensory degradations characteristic of normal human development actively support the acquisition of perceptual proficiencies. In a first study, inspired by the low-frequency prenatal auditory experience of a fetus in the intrauterine environment, I studied the consequences of commencing auditory development with initially low-pass-filtered sounds. In a second study, I examined the impact of beginning visual experience with initially color-degraded inputs. In both cases, simulations with deep neural networks revealed that training with a developmentally inspired progression of inputs, evolving from poor to rich, led to superior generalization performance and the emergence of spatially or temporally extended receptive fields. As part of a third study, I conducted computational explorations of the consequences of the joint temporal progression of visual acuity and color sensitivity during early visual development. Specifically, I tested whether this joint progression may help account for the origin of an important organizational principle of the early visual system: the division into the magnocellular and the parvocellular pathway. My computational results provide support for this hypothesis. In addition, some of the computational studies are complemented by experiments with children who were born blind and treated for their blindness late in life, as part of the joint humanitarian and scientific initiative Project Prakash. In addition to providing important insights into cortical plasticity late in life, some of these results provide additional support in favor of the hypothesis that initial sensory degradations may be adaptive. Together, this work sheds new light on the functional significance of normal developmental trajectories, helps account for some perceptual deficits reported in individuals whose perceptual experience differs from normal development, and inspires new computational training procedures for deep neural networks.
Tissue Mechanics as a Predictor for Saccular Aneurysm Rupture
Creators: name: Berg, Devin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mechanics
subject: Biological Engineering
subject: Anatomy
subject: Mechanical Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering

description: Abstract
Intracranial saccular aneurysms are highly prevalent in the western world. Although rupture occurs in a only small number of aneurysms, the mortality rate associated with this event is signi cant. Thus due to the high risk associated with rupture and the risks of rupture repair surgery it is desirable to be able to predict whether a speci c aneurysm is likely to rupture or will instead stabilize. Research into aneurysm development has shown that the response can not be quanti ed with simple mechanical models alone. It is also necessary to consider growth and remodeling of the tissue constituents and complex geometric stress concentrators as well. Through the production of complete aneurysm development models, it may be possible to enable accurate prediction of aneurysm rupture based on clinically observable measures such as aneurysm geometry and growth rates. This would help to minimize the use of risky and unnecessary repair surgeries for aneurysms which would ultimately stabilize naturally. A review of the use of tissue mechanics as a predictor for saccular aneurysm rupture.
Sainete nuevo titulado El payo de la carta: Digital edition
Creators: name: Leblanc Elina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Spanish literature
Digital edition
XML-TEI

description: Digital edition of a Spanish pliego de cordel, published by the Andalusian printer José María Moreno (19th c.). It contains the XML-TEI file of the edition, as well as the files that led to this edition, i.e. the digital facsimiles (raw and retouched), and the transcription produced by the OCR tool Transkribus (PAGE-XML). This digital edition is a part of the research project Desenrollando el cordel / Untangling the cordel / Démêler le cordel (2020-2022), led by the professor Constance Carta at the University of Geneva and supported by the philanthropic Sandoz-Monique de Meuron Family Foundation.
9 month PhD report
Creators: name: Tennant, Jon
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Paleontology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: 9 month report submitted to Imperial College London, July 2013. I have occluded the preliminary results and future avenues of research sections, so this is just preliminary methods and the literature review. Feedback and suggestions, as always, are welcomed!
Mid Term Evaluation FIT-IT
Creators: name: Zinoecker, Klaus
name: Schindler, Julia
name: Gude, Stephanie
name: Stampfer, Michael
name: Polt, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: Science Policy

description: In 2004, the evaluation team was assigned to review the program FIT-IT and raised several questions in order to investigate in how far it matches the stated goals. Several challenges, risks as well as critical points were pinpointed in this report. [Report in German]
Assessing the Admissibility of a New Generation of Forensic Voice Comparison Testimony
Creators: name: Morrison, Geoffrey Stewart
name: Thompson, William C.
Publisher: name: Science and Technology Law Review
Year: 2017

description: This article provides a primer on forensic voice comparison (aka forensic speaker recognition), a branch of forensic science in which the forensic practitioner analyzes a voice recording in order to provide an expert opinion that will help the trier-of-fact determine the identity of the speaker. The article begins with an explanation of ways in which human speech varies within and between speakers. It then discusses different technical approaches that forensic practitioners have used to compare voice recordings, and frameworks of reasoning that practitioners have used for evaluating the evidence and reporting its strength. It then discusses procedures for empirical validation of the performance of forensic voice comparison systems. It also discusses the potential influence of contextual bias and ways to reduce this. Building on this scientific foundation, the article then offers analysis, commentary, and recommendations on how courts evaluate the admissibility of forensic voice comparison testimony under the Daubert and Frye standards. It reviews past rulings such as U.S. v. Angleton, 269 F. Supp. 2d 892 (S.D. Tex. 2003) that found expert testimony based on the spectrographic approach inadmissible under Daubert. The article also offers a detailed analysis of the evidence presented in the recent Daubert hearing in U.S. v. Ahmed, 94 F. Supp. 3d 394 (E.D.N.Y. 2015), which included testimony based on the newer automatic approach. The scientific testimony proffered in Ahmed is used to illustrate the issues courts are likely to face when considering the admissibility of forensic voice comparison testimony in the future. The article concludes with a discussion of how proponents of forensic voice comparison testimony might meet a reasonably rigorous application of the Daubert standard and thereby ensure that such testimony is sufficiently trustworthy to be used in court.
description: Science and Technology Law Review, Vol 18 No 2: 2016-2017
Exceptional points in SSH-like models with hopping amplitude gradient
Creators: name: Simon, David S.
name: Schwarze, Christopher R.
name: Ndao, Abdoulaye
name: Sergienko, Alexander V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) system is a popular model for exploring topological insulators and topological phases in one dimension. Recent interest in exceptional points has led to re-examination of non-Hermitian generalizations of many physical models, including the SSH model. In such non-Hermitian systems, singular points called exceptional points (EPs) appear that are of interest for applications in super-resolution sensing systems and topological lasers. Here, a non-Hermitian and non-PT-symmetric variation of the SSH model is introduced, in which the hopping amplitudes are non-reciprocal and vary monotonically along the chain. It is found that, while the existence of the EPs is due to the nonreciprocal couplings, the number, position, and order of the EPs can all be altered by the addition of the hopping amplitude gradient, adding a new tool for tailoring the spectrum of a non-Hermitian system.
Governing Internet Territory
Creators: name: Mueller, Milton L.
name: Badiei, Farzaneh
Publisher: name: Science and Technology Law Review
Year: 2017

description: This paper examines the legal and Internet governance controversies over country code top-level domain names (ccTLDs). In recent litigation (Weinstein v. Islamic Republic of Iran and ICANN), terrorism victims argued that ccTLDs are property and attempted to seize Iran’s .IR domain for compensation. In refusing to uphold this claim, an appeals court ruled that a court-ordered redelegation would impair the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers’ (ICANN’s) role in global Internet governance. While the .IR case is recent, the underlying tensions between state sovereignty, the role of ICANN and the rights of organizations that have been awarded ccTLDs have been simmering for two decades. Three governance models are in play: a sovereignty-based model, a property rights/market-based model, and a global public trustee model. The legal and political science literature leaves this Internet governance issue unexplored and unsettled, while court rulings on the property status of domains have been mixed or indecisive. Most legal scholars merely assume that states have sovereignty rights over their ccTLDs and do not critically assess the justification for, or the implications of, a sovereignty-based model. Likewise, many legal scholars, governments and Internet governance institutions have resisted recognizing TLD delegations as a property right, but their arguments are often based on misunderstandings of the economics and technology of the domain name system. Drawing on law, economics and sovereignty theories, this paper shows that top-level domain names have all the essential features of a property right. It argues that a governance regime that recognized them as such would be preferable to a regime based on sovereignty claims or a global public trustee model.
description: Science and Technology Law Review, Vol 18 No 2: 2016-2017
Sainete nuevo titulado El payo de la carta: Digital edition
Creators: name: Leblanc Elina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Spanish literature
Digital edition
XML-TEI

description: Digital edition of a Spanish pliego de cordel, published by the Andalusian printer José María Moreno (19th c.). It contains the XML-TEI file of the edition, as well as the files that led to this edition, i.e. the digital facsimiles (raw and retouched), and the transcription produced by the OCR tool Transkribus (PAGE-XML). This digital edition is a part of the research project Desenrollando el cordel / Untangling the cordel / Démêler le cordel (2020-2024), led by professor Constance Carta at the University of Geneva and supported by the philanthropic Sandoz-Monique de Meuron Family Foundation.
Sainete nuevo titulado El payo de la carta: Digital edition
Creators: name: Leblanc Elina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Spanish literature
Digital edition
XML-TEI

description: Digital edition of a Spanish pliego de cordel, published by the Andalusian printer José María Moreno (19th c.). It contains the XML-TEI file of the edition, as well as the files that led to this edition, i.e. the digital facsimiles (raw and retouched), and the transcription produced by the OCR tool Transkribus (PAGE-XML). This digital edition is a part of the research project Desenrollando el cordel / Untangling the cordel / Démêler le cordel (2020-2022), led by the professor Constance Carta at the University of Geneva and supported by the philanthropic Sandoz-Monique de Meuron Family Foundation.
title: Introducing the Symposium ‘Progress and International Law: A Cursed Relationship?’
Creators: name: Holzer, Alexander
name: Mührel, Jasper
name: Miklasová, Júlia
name: Kujus, Lisa
name: Wielenga, Lorenz
name: Rhein-Fischer, Paula
name: Kruse, Rebecca
name: Wissmann, Sara
Publisher: name: Fachinformationsdienst für internationale und interdisziplinäre Rechtsforschung
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 341

description: Völkerrechtsblog
Austrian Genome Research Programme GEN-AU: Mid Term Program Evaluation
Creators: name: Zinoecker, Klaus
name: Tempelmaier, Brigitte
name: Radauer, Alfred
name: Fischl, Iris
name: Steiner, Roald
name: Steyrer, Franziska
name: Ruegg, Rosalie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: Science Policy

description: In 2001 the Austrian Federal Ministry for Education, Science and Culture launched the “Austrian Genome Research Programme GEN-AU”. The genome research programme was planned for a period of nine years. The evaluation team was asked, in essence, to answer to overarching questions: “Should the programme be continued?” and “Is there room for improvement?” With this evaluation report the continuation of the programme is clearly advocated. Furthermore, a lot of small starting points for improvements are seen.
Locally resolvable BIBDs and generalized quadrangles with ovoids
Creators: name: McCulloch, Ryan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 05B25, Secondary 05B05

description: In this note we establish a 1-to-1 correspondence between the class of generalized quadrangles with ovoids and the class of balanced incomplete block designs that posses a non-triangular local resolution system and have the appropriate parameters. We present a non-triangular local resolution system for a difference family BIBD construction of Sprott.
[ITA] Culture+, an original mechanism for Cultural Tourism, based on fluid-clustering maps of Cultural sites and goods, springing up into a Network of Networks [NNs], led by CULTLabs
Creators: name: Laquidara, Giuseppe
name: Boém, Marika Mazzi
name: Fascione, Valeria
name: Tesone, Gennaro
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: Applied Physics
Education
Archaeology
Performing Arts
Art
Economics

description: Proponiamo un meccanismo di aggregazione e fruizione originale di siti d’interesse culturale e dei propri beni, secondo un criterio di clusterizzazione dinamica, in grado di raccogliere in una serie di percorsi mutevoli [Tourneé], disposti su superfici fluide di ~1000Km2, singoli items culturali cd. “isolati”, “irrilevanti” e “invisibili”. Il progetto determina un organismo a “network di networks” [NNs], pilotato da alcuni centroidi ove vengono installati dei laboratori denominati CULTLabs. Questi stessi erogano, inoltre, ai visitatori unità didattiche monografiche, cumulabili in gruppi modulari da 4, a cui corrisponde infine una certificazione di formazione. Il meccanismo è servito da un’infrastruttura software, consistente assieme in un’avanzata applicazione catalografico-enciclopedica, e in un courseware FAD-ECVET.
СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ОКИСЛИТЕЛЬНОЙ МОДИФИКАЦИИ БЕЛКОВ СЫВОРОТКИ КРОВИ КАК ОЦЕНКА АДАПТАЦИИ ОЗЕРНЫХ И ПРУДОВЫХ ЛЯГУШЕК (AMPHIBIA: RANIDAE) НИЖЕГОРОДСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ К РАЗНЫМ ГИДРОХИМИЧЕСКИМ УСЛОВИЯМ СРЕДЫ
Creators: name: Е. Б. Романова
name: К. В. Шаповалова
name: Е. С. Рябинина
Publisher: name: Проблемы региональной экологии
Year: 2020
Subjects: амфибии
окислительная модификация белков
окислительный стресс

description: Проведена сравнительная оценка интенсивности окислительных реакций белков в сыворотке крови двух видов амфибий: озерных (Pelophylax ridibundus Pallas, 1771) и прудовых (Pelophylax lessonae Camerano, 1882) лягушек при адаптации к разным биотопическим условиям Нижегородской области. Водоемы с доминированием прудовых лягушек имели более высокое содержание хрома по сравнению с водоемами, где обитали озерные лягушки. Показано комплексное влияние загрязнителей водной среды на интенсивность окислительных реакций в сыворотке крови и выявлена взаимосвязь комбинаторного индекса загрязнения водной среды (УКИЗВ) с параметрами окислительной модификации белков (альдегидных карбонильных производных, алифатических кетонных карбонильных производных нейтрального и основного характера). Уровень окислительного стресса у прудовых и озерных лягушек был различен и связан с реализацией окислительного гомеостаза в разных гидрохимических условиях среды обитания. Интенсивность окислительной модификации белков прудовых лягушек более выражена по сравнению с озерными лягушками.
ОЦЕНКА КАЧЕСТВА ВОД НИЖНЕГО ТЕЧЕНИЯ РЕКИ СЕВЕРНАЯ ДВИНА НА ОСНОВАНИИ АНАЛИЗА ИНДИКАТОРНЫХ ВИДОВ ЗООПЛАНКТОНА
Creators: name: Е. Н. Имант
name: М. И. Зметная
name: А. П. Новоселов
Publisher: name: Проблемы региональной экологии
Year: 2020
Subjects: зоопланктон
численность
биоиндикация
индекс сапробности
нижнее течение реки Северная Двина.

description: В статье приведены результаты исследований биоиндикационных особенностей зоопланктона нижнего течения р. Северная Двина в 2018— 2019 гг., рассчитан индекс сапробности и определен класс качества вод в соответствии с РД 52.24.309—2016. Воды обследованной акватории имеют выраженную пространственно-сезонную динамику классов качества и соответствуют олиго-β-мезосапробному статусу (I—II класс качества — «чистые — слабо загрязненные» воды). Индикаторные виды зоопланктоценоза составляют более половины от общего видового списка, виды-индикаторы ксеносапробных и полисапробных вод в ходе исследования не обнаружены. При исследованиях этой группы организмов в качестве индикаторов экологического состояния водных объектов ставится вопрос правильной интерпретации полученных данных. Этому участку водотока соответствуют «очень загрязненные-грязные» воды по данным ФГБУ «Северное УГМС», в которых происходит угнетение зоопланктона, что может вызывать снижение значения индекса сапробности и классов качества вод по данным сапробиологического анализа.
Come2Us Market Feasibility Analysis Report
Creators: name: Ajith Jinjil
name: Zibin, Yoav
name: Xiaowen Liu
name: Negi, Vikram
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: Applied Computer Science

description: This document details the market feasibility assessment of Come2Us, an online multi-player gaming platform developer, carried out in 2005.
К ГЕОХИМИИ ГНЕЗДОВЫХ БИОТОПОВ И БИОЭКОЛОГИИ ЗОЛОТИСТОЙ ЩУРКИ И ЖЕЛТОЙ ТРЯСОГУЗКИ В УЛЬЯНОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ (СРЕДНЕЕ ПОВОЛЖЬЕ)
Creators: name: Е. А. Артемьева
name: М. С. Жданова
name: Л. В. Маловичко
Publisher: name: Проблемы региональной экологии
Year: 2020
Subjects: геохимия
гнездовой участок
гнездопригодный биотоп
птицы
трясогузки
золотистая щурка
почва
заливные солонцеватые луга
Ульяновская область
Среднее Поволжье.

description: В статье показаны особенности геохимии гнездопригодных биотопов золотистой щурки Merops apiaster Linnaeus, 1758 (Coraciiformes, Meropidae) и желтой трясогузки Motacilla flava Linnaeus, 1758 (Passeriformes, Motacillidae) в Правобережье Ульяновской области (Среднее Поволжье) как видов, предпочитающих поймы рек. Рассматриваются новые находки гнезд желтой трясогузки, которые сделаны при обследовании гнездовых биотопов «желтых» трясогузок. Выявлены предпочтения выбора почвенных условий (механический состав и геохимические показатели микростации) для устройства гнезд желтой трясогузкой и нор золотистой щуркой. Предложены рекомендации по сохранению пойменных лугов р. Терешки: исключить распашку лугов и неумеренный выпас скота, сенокошение в период гнездования птиц.
Discrete Randomized Smoothing Meets Quantum Computing
Creators: name: Wollschläger, Tom
name: Saxena, Aman
name: Franco, Nicola
name: Lorenz, Jeanette Miriam
name: Günnemann, Stephan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Breakthroughs in machine learning (ML) and advances in quantum computing (QC) drive the interdisciplinary field of quantum machine learning to new levels. However, due to the susceptibility of ML models to adversarial attacks, practical use raises safety-critical concerns. Existing Randomized Smoothing (RS) certification methods for classical machine learning models are computationally intensive. In this paper, we propose the combination of QC and the concept of discrete randomized smoothing to speed up the stochastic certification of ML models for discrete data. We show how to encode all the perturbations of the input binary data in superposition and use Quantum Amplitude Estimation (QAE) to obtain a quadratic reduction in the number of calls to the model that are required compared to traditional randomized smoothing techniques. In addition, we propose a new binary threat model to allow for an extensive evaluation of our approach on images, graphs, and text.
МОЗАИЧНОСТЬ ФИТОЦЕНОЗОВ ФОТИЧЕСКИХ ЗОН НА ПРИМЕРЕ ПЕЩЕР ЧЕРНОГОРИИ
Creators: name: Е. В. Козлова
name: С. Е. Мазина
Publisher: name: Проблемы региональной экологии
Year: 2020
Subjects: фитоценоз
экотоны
экотопы
консорции
карстовые пещеры.

description: В статье проанализирована структура мозаичных фитоценозов фотических зон семи пещер Черногории. Определены характерные микрогруппировки на различных субстратах, выделены виды-доминанты и субдоминанты микрогруппировок. Проведено сравнение сходства видового состава микрогруппировок с использованием индекса Жаккара и видовой структуры при помощи коэффициента фи-квадрат, проведена иерархическая классификация микрогруппировок по методу ближайшего соседа с использованием Евклидова расстояния. В результате исследования в пещерах Черногории выделены шесть характерных микрогруппировок с доминированием бокоплодных мхов, верхоплодных мхов, зеленых водорослей, цианобактерий, биопленок цианобактерий и цианобактерий с карбонатными чехлами. Несмотря на вариативность видов-доминантов и субдоминантов в микрогруппировках, экологические формы были одинаковыми во многих пещерах. В ряде пещер доминанты в микрогруппировках совпадали. В структуре растительного покрова фотических зон пещер макроскопические группировки c доминированием мохообразных имели четкие границы, в то время как микрогруппировки с доминированием зеленых водорослей часто располагались между макрогруппировками, обеспечивая континуальность фототрофов. Выявленные закономерности позволяют предположить, что структура растительного покрова фотических зон пещер Черногории представлена непрерывной сетью различных взаимодействующих консорций — консорционным континуумом.