cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Superconductivity in Metal-Rich Chalcogenide Ta2Se
Creators: name: Gui, Xin
name: Gornicka, Karolina
name: Klimczuk, Tomasz
name: Xie, Weiwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The metal-metal bond in metal-rich chalcogenide is known to exhibit various structures and dominate interesting physical properties. Ta2Se can be obtained by both arc-melting and solid-state pellet methods. Ta2Se crystallizes a layered tetragonal structure with space group P4/nmm (S.G.129, Pearson symbol tP6). Each unit cell consists of four layers of body-centered closed packing Ta atoms sandwiched between two square nets of Se atoms, forming the Se-Ta-Ta-Ta-Ta-Se networks. A combined result of magnetic susceptibility, resistivity, and heat capacity measurements on Ta2Se indicate the bulk superconductivity with Tc = 3.8 (1) K. According to the first-principal calculations, the d orbitals in Ta atoms dominate the Fermi level in Ta2Se. The flat bands at gamma-point in the Brillouin zone (BZ) yield to the van Hove singularities in density of states (DOS) around the Fermi level, which is intensified by introducing spin-orbit coupling (SOC) effect, thus, could be critical for the superconductivity in Ta2Se. The physical properties especially superconductivity is completely different from Ta-rich alloys or transition metal dichalcogenide TaSe2.
Phase equilibria in stratified thin liquid films stabilized by colloidal particles
Creators: name: Blawzdziewicz, J.
name: Wajnryb, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Phase equilibria between regions of different thickness in thin liquid films stabilized by colloidal particles are investigated using a quasi-two-dimensional thermodynamic formalism. Appropriate equilibrium conditions for the film tension, normal pressure, and chemical potential of the particles in the film are formulated, and it is shown that the relaxation of these parameters occurs consecutively on three distinct time scales. Film stratification is described quantitatively for a hard-sphere suspension using a Monte-Carlo method to evaluate thermodynamic equations of state. Coexisting phases are determined for systems in constrained- and full-equilibrium states that correspond to different stages of film relaxation.
description: 7 pages
Crop Production Functions for Analysis of Global Change Impacts in Spain
Creators: name: Gomez, Sonia Quiroga
name: Iglesias, Ana
name: Gomez, Sonia Quiroga
name: Iglesias, Ana
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Spanish agriculture
subject: climate
subject: global change

description: The goal of this paper is to increase the capacity of the agriculture sector to understand and respond to the climate variability, by reducing the uncertainty of the farmers over decisions that are affected for meteorological conditions. To study the yield responses to meteorological variables in the past is crucial to understand the vulnerability of the agriculture to the climate change in the future. We have estimated regression models where the historical yields have been put in dependence of variables that can represent main drivers of global change, such as climate variables and technological ones. In this context we evaluate its influence over the yields. Among the conclusions we find that the adaptation to climate change requires challenges in which practises of cropping respects, such as the need of a better irrigation managing.
Defensive behavior and hippocampal cell proliferation : differential modulation by naltrexone during stress
Creators: name: Holmes, Melissa Marie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The present study was designed to investigate the role of endogenous opioids in both the expression of defensive behaviors and the suppression of cell proliferation that are induced by exposure to predator odor, trimethyl thiazoline (TMT). Adult male rats were injected with either naltrexone (5mg/kg) or saline 30 minutes prior to being transferred to a testing chamber where they were exposed to either TMT (250 ul) or control odor (distilled water 250 u.1). Rats were videotaped and the expression of defensive and non-defensive behaviors was scored over the first fifteen minutes of exposure. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU, 200mg/kg), a thymidine analogue, was injected i.p. 15 minutes after exposure to the odors and the rats were perfused 1 hour after BrdU administration. As previously reported, the expression of defensive behaviors was increased after exposure to TMT. Pre-treatment with naltrexone attenuated the expression of defensive behaviors (defensive burying and directed stretch approach), independent of any drug effects on ability to perform the required motor patterns. TMT exposure rapidly suppressed the number of proliferating (BrdU-ir positive) cells in the dentate gyrus. In addition, naltrexone administration alone suppressed cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus. Thus, consistent with other reports, endogenous opioids mediate the expression of defensive behaviors in response to predator odor exposure. Furthermore, endogenous opioids may play a regulatory role in the control of cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus of adult male rats.
Systematic treatment of displacements, strains and electric fields in density-functional perturbation theory
Creators: name: Wu, Xifan
name: Vanderbilt, David
name: Hamann, D. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The methods of density-functional perturbation theory may be used to calculate various physical response properties of insulating crystals including elastic, dielectric, Born charge, and piezoelectric tensors. These and other important tensors may be defined as second derivatives of the total energy with respect to atomic-displacement, electric-field, or strain perturbations, or as mixed derivatives with respect to two of these perturbations. The resulting tensor quantities tend to be coupled in complex ways in polar crystals, giving rise to a variety of variant definitions. For example, it is generally necessary to distinguish between elastic tensors defined under different electrostatic boundary conditions, and between dielectric tensors defined under different elastic boundary conditions. Here, we describe an approach for computing all of these various response tensors in a unified and systematic fashion. Applications are presented for two materials, wurtzite ZnO and rhombohedral BaTiO3, at zero temperature.
description: 14 pages. Uses REVTEX macros. Also available at http://www.physics.rutgers.edu/~dhv/preprints/xfw_sys/index.html
Crystal Structure, Magnetism, and Electronic Properties of New Rare-Earth-Free Ferromagnetic MnPt5As
Creators: name: Gui, Xin
name: Xie, Weiwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The design and synthesis of targeted functional materials have been a long-term goal for material scientists. Although a universal design strategy is difficult to generate for all types of materials, however, it is still helpful for a typical family of materials to have such design rules. Herein, we incorporated several significant chemical and physical factors regarding magnetism, such as structure type, atom distance, spin-orbit coupling, and successfully synthesized a new rare-earth-free ferromagnet, MnPt5As, for the first time. MnPt5As can be prepared by using high-temperature pellet methods. According to X-ray diffraction results, MnPt5As crystallizes in a tetragonal unit cell with the space group P4/mmm (Pearson symbol tP7). Magnetic measurements on MnPt5As confirm ferromagnetism in this phase with a Curie temperature of ~301 K and a saturated moment of 3.5 uB per formula. Evaluation by applying the Stoner Criterion also indicates that MnPt5As is susceptible to ferromagnetism. Electronic structure calculations using the WIEN2k program with local spin density approximation imply that the spontaneous magnetization of this phase arises primarily from the hybridization of d orbitals on both Mn and Pt atoms. The theoretical assessments are consistent with the experimental results. Moreover, the spin-orbit coupling effects heavily influence on magnetic moments in MnPt5As. MnPt5As is the first high-performance magnetic material in this structure type. The discovery of MnPt5As offers a platform to study the interplay between magnetism and structure.
Ground State Instabilities and Entanglement in the Detuned Dicke Model
Creators: name: Liu, Ru-Fen
name: Chen, Chia-Chu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ground state instabilities of the spin-boson model is studied in this work. The existence of sequential ground state instabilities is shown analytically for arbitrary detuning in the two-spin system. In this model, extra discontinuities of concurrence(entanglement measure) are found in the finite system, which do not appear in the on-resonant model. The above results remain intact by including extra boson modes. Moreover, by including extra modes, it is found that ground state entanglement can be obtained and enhanced even in the weak coupling regime.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures.This work has been accepted by Physica A with the title"Ground State Instabilities and Entanglement in the Spin-Boson Model". The accepted version has been revised on the issue of gauge invarince
Three-dimensional shear in granular flow
Creators: name: Cheng, Xiang
name: Lechman, Jeremy B.
name: Barbero, Antonio F.
name: Grest, Gary S.
name: Jaeger, Heinrich M.
name: Karczmar, Greg S.
name: Möbius, Matthias E.
name: Nagel, Sidney R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evolution of granular shear flow is investigated as a function of height in a split-bottom Couette cell. Using particle tracking, magnetic-resonance imaging, and large-scale simulations we find a transition in the nature of the shear as a characteristic height $H^*$ is exceeded. Below $H^*$ there is a central stationary core; above $H^*$ we observe the onset of additional axial shear associated with torsional failure. Radial and axial shear profiles are qualitatively different: the radial extent is wide and increases with height while the axial width remains narrow and fixed.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Examining the drivers of business cycle divergence between Euro Area and Romania
Creators: name: Jianu, Ionut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This research aims to provide an explanatory analyses of the business cycles divergence between Euro Area and Romania, respectively its drivers, since the synchronisation of output-gaps is one of the most important topic in the context of a potential EMU accession. According to the estimates, output-gaps synchronisation entered on a downward path in the subperiod 2010-2017, compared to 2002-2009. The paper demonstrates there is a negative relationship between business cycles divergence and three factors (economic structure convergence, wage structure convergence and economic openness), but also a positive relationship between it and its autoregressive term, respectively the GDP per capita convergence.
description: 14 pages
Auctioning Payment Entitlements
Creators: name: Nielsen, Kurt
name: Nielsen, Kurt
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: auction
subject: multiple goods
subject: bidding agents
subject: tatonnement
subject: agricultural subsidies

description: Payment entitlements is a new commodity that arises from the new European common agricultural policy. The agricultural subsidies are decoupled from the actual production and replaced by the so-called payment entitlements. A payment entitlement has a farm specific value and may be freely traded. This paper discusses the complexity of this new market and suggests an auction that simplifies the complexity. The suggested auction allows a buyer to simultaneously bid on all payment entitlements. The prices are found by a tatonnement that monotonically approximates the equilibrium prices for the different types of payment entitlements for sale. The auction enhances the competition and efficiency of the market, which is essential for the individual members of the European Union in order for them to receive their entitled subsidies.
Constraining the reionization history with QSO absorption spectra
Creators: name: Gallerani, S.
name: Choudhury, T. Roy
name: Ferrara, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a semi-analytical approach to simulate absorption spectra of QSOs at high redshifts with the aim of constraining the cosmic reionization history. We consider two physically motivated and detailed reionization histories: (i) an Early Reionization Model (ERM) in which the intergalactic medium is reionized by PopIII stars at $z\approx 14$, and (ii) a more standard Late Reionization Model (LRM) in which overlapping, induced by QSOs and normal galaxies, occurs at $z\approx 6$. From the analysis of current Ly$α$ forest data at $z < 6$, we conclude that it is impossible to disentangle the two scenarios, which fit equally well the observed Gunn-Peterson optical depth, flux probability distribution function and dark gap width distribution. At $z>6$, however, clear differences start to emerge which are best quantified by the dark gap and peak width distributions. We find that 35 (zero) per cent of the lines of sight within $5.7< z <6.3$ show dark gaps widths $>50$ Angstrom in the rest frame of the QSO if reionization is not (is) complete at $z \gtrsim 6$. Similarly, the ERM predicts peaks of width $\sim 1$ Angstrom in 40 per cent of the lines of sight in the redshift range $6.0-6.6$; in the same range, LRM predicts no peaks of width $>0.8$ Angstrom. We conclude that the dark gap and peak width statistics represent superb probes of cosmic reionization if about ten QSOs can be found at $z > 6$. We finally discuss strengths and limitations of our method.
description: 24 pages, 22 figures, revised to match the accepted version; MNRAS in press
Aggregation and Calibration of Agricultural Sector Models Through Crop Mix Restrictions and Marginal Profit Adjustments
Creators: name: Wiborg, Torben
name: McCarl, Bruce A.
name: Rasmussen, Svend
name: Schneider, Uwe A.
name: Wiborg, Torben
name: McCarl, Bruce A.
name: Rasmussen, Svend
name: Schneider, Uwe A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: mathematical programming
subject: aggregation
subject: calibration
subject: crop mix
subject: marginal cost
subject: agricultural sector model

description: All agricultural sector models must deal with aggregation and calibration somehow. The aggregation problem involves treating a group of producers as if they all responded in the same way as a single representative unit. The calibration problem concerns making a model reproduce as closely as possible an empirically observed set of decision maker actions. This paper shows how both calibration and aggregation are addressed through crop mix restrictions combined with marginal profit adjust-ments.
Governance and Performance of Microfinance Institutions in Central and Eastern Europe and the Newly Independent States
Creators: name: Hartarska, Valentina M.
name: Hartarska, Valentina M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: governance
subject: microfinance
subject: board of directors
subject: managerial compensation

description: This paper presents the first evidence on the impact of board diversity and independence, and management compensation on outreach and sustainability of microfinance institutions in Central and Eastern Europe and the Newly Independent States. Results indicate that board diversity improves both outreach and sustainability while larger and less independent boards lower sustainability. Performance-based compensation is not effective in aligning the interest of managers and stakeholders, and underpaying managers reduces outreach.
Counting statistics of single-electron transport in a quantum dot
Creators: name: Gustavsson, S.
name: Leturcq, R.
name: Simovic, B.
name: Schleser, R.
name: Ihn, T.
name: Studerus, P.
name: Ensslin, K.
name: Driscoll, D. C.
name: Gossard, A. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have measured the full counting statistics (FCS) of current fluctuations in a semiconductor quantum dot (QD) by real-time detection of single electron tunneling with a quantum point contact (QPC). This method gives direct access to the distribution function of current fluctuations. Suppression of the second moment (related to the shot noise) and the third moment (related to the asymmetry of the distribution) in a tunable semiconductor QD is demonstrated experimentally. With this method we demonstrate the ability to measure very low current and noise levels.
Inflation from Warped Space
Creators: name: Chen, Xingang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A long period of inflation can be triggered when the inflaton is held up on the top of a steep potential by the infrared end of a warped space. We first study the field theory description of such a model. We then embed it in the flux stabilized string compactification. Some special effects in the throat reheating process by relativistic branes are discussed. We put all these ingredients into a multi-throat brane inflationary scenario. The resulting cosmic string tension and a multi-throat slow-roll model are also discussed.
description: 39 pages; v4, added reference, to appear in JHEP
The impact of private sector credit on income inequalities in European Union (15 member states)
Creators: name: Jianu, Ionut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis on the income inequalities recorded in the EU-15 in the 1995-2014 period and to estimate the impact of private sector credit on income disparities. In order to estimate the impact, I used the panel data technique with 15 cross-sections for the first 15 Member States of the European Union, applying generalized error correction model.
description: 14 pages
بررسی تاثیر تمایزات فردی و روانی زنان بر مدیریت بدن
Creators: name: Tavassoli, Afsaneh
name: Alamati, Gholam Reza
name: Habibi, Elham
name: AmirMasoud Ahmadi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: نیاز به آگاهی داشتن از اندام خود و نظارت و کنترل بر بدن، یکی از ضروریات عصر حاضر به شمار می رود که درمباحث جامعه شناسیِ بدن به عنوان مدیریت بدن مطرح می گردد. کنترل، نظارت و مدیریت بر بدن، گاهی در قالبفعالیتهاي ورزشی و گاهی در قالب جراحی هاي زیبایی، انجام می شود. توجه بیشتر زنان به وضعیت ظاهر و زیبایی خود نسبت به مردان، سبب می شود تا گاهی به صورت افراطی، رفتارهایی به منظور مطابقت دادن ویژگی هاي بدن خودبا الگوهاي فرهنگی زیبایی و چهره و اندام که در رسانه هاي جمعی و صنعت زیبایی تبلیغ می شود، اتخاذ کنند. این امرتبعات سوئی به دنبال دارد. پرسش اصلی تحقیق حاضر این است که آیا تمایزات فردي و روانی بر مدیریت بدن، مؤثراست؟ اگر پاسخ مثبت است میزان تأثیر آن چقدر است؟ در مقاله پیشرو جهت تدوین الگوي نظري، از نظریه گئورگ زیمل استفاده شده است. جامعه آماري تحقیق شامل کلیه زنان مراجعه کننده به مجموعه هاي ورزشی وکلینیکهاي جراحی زیبایی منطقه 1 شهر تهران و در سال 1392 می باشند. همچنین روش تحقیق، پیمایش بوده و ازابزار پرسشنامه جهت جمع آوري داده ها استفاده شده است. همچنین براي نمایش یافته ها نیز از دو نوع آمار توصیفی واستنباطی شامل جداول توافقی، آزمون هاي پارامتري (اسپیرمن و پیرسون، رگرسیون و تحلیل مسیر) و براي مقایسه بین گروه ها از آزمون fاستفاده شده است. نتایج تحقیق حاکی است که تمایزات فردي و روانی بر مدیریت بدن، است. همچنین مدیریت بدن در گروههاي سنّی، تحصیلی و وضعیت هاي تأهل، تفاوت معناداري دارد. درحالیکه مدیریت بدن در گروههاي شغلی مختلف تفاوت معناداري ندارد و بین مدیریت بدن با میزان درآمد رابطه معناداري وجود ندارد
Effect of the Nigerian Stock Exchange on Economic Growth in Nigeria: Perspectives from Local Investors
Creators: name: Eze, C. C.
name: Ezenwa, N.
name: Chikezie, C.
name: Eze, C. C.
name: Ezenwa, N.
name: Chikezie, C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Stock exchange
subject: Domestic investors
subject: Economic growth
subject: Co-integration
subject: Nigeria

description: This study examined the effect of the Nigerian Stock Exchange on Economic Growth in Nigeria: Perspectives for the period 1990-2015. To achieve this objective of the study, annual time series data of real gross domestic product (RGDP), Domestic participation (DOP), Listed domestic companies (LDC), the Turnover ratio of the stock market (TOR), and Value of shares traded to GDP ratio (VST) were collected and analysed using techniques of Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) and ARDL bounds test)ADF unit root test was used to test the stationarity of time series variables. The order of integration of all variables was at the level and first difference. Therefore, the ARDL bounds test for co-integration was adopted and ARDL method of estimation was used to estimate short-run dynamics among variables. The results showed that there exists a long-run relationship among variables. LDC had a negative and significant effect on lnRGDP. In the second lag with a p-value of 0.0459. While VST had a positive and significant effect on lnRGDP with a p-value of 0.0334 TOR had a Negative and significant effect on lnRGDP with a p-value of 0.0296; The positive coefficient exhibited by VST as a function of lnRGDP symbolizes that the effective participation of Nigerian investors in the Nigerian stock exchange is capable of having positive effect on the nation’s economic growth and development. The paper recommends that proper investors’ education should be adequate to forester increased domestic participation.
The influence of Mediterranean diet and physical activity-related energy expenditure on weight status and cardiometabolic risk. What “weights” more? The HERMEX study
Creators: name: Morán, Luis J.
name: Aparicio, Virginia A.
name: Flor-Alemany, Marta
name: Fernández-Bergés, Daniel
name: Nestares, Teresa
name: Nebot-Valenzuela, Elena
name: Felix-Redondo, Francisco J.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: In this cross-sectional study, we explored the influence of Mediterranean Diet (MD) adherence and physical activity-related energy expenditure on weight status and cardiometabolic risk in a large sample of 2.833 young, middle-aged and older adults. A food frequency questionnaire was employed, and MD Score to assess MD adherence. Physical activity-related energy expenditure was reported through the Minnesota Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire. Anthropometry, blood pressure, lipid and glycaemic markers were measured. Most of the participants were overweight or obese and had a medium-high MD adherence. The obesity group showed lower energy expenditure and a greater clustered cardiometabolic risk. Overweight and obese had a greater clustered cardiometabolic risk compared to the high MD adherence and normo-weight. Obese showed the greatest clustered cardiometabolic risk with independence of MD adherence. Increasing energy expenditure through physical activity better than restrictive diets might be one of the key components for reducing cardiometabolic risk among obese people.
On Measuring Consumer Welfare Effects of Trade Reform
Creators: name: Huang, Sophia Wu
name: Huang, Kuo S.
name: Huang, Sophia Wu
name: Huang, Kuo S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
International Relations/Trade

description: We develop a measure of consumer welfare by approximating Hicksian compensating variation as a function of all commodity prices and compensated price elasticities. The unique feature of this approach is that all direct- and cross-commodity effects of a demand system are incorporated into the welfare measurement. This approach is useful for developing an instrumental model to evaluate the consumer welfare effects of trade reform. For illustration, the proposed procedure is applied to Taiwan's meat industry, and various scenarios are considered to show the effects of eliminating meat tariff rates on the quantities of meat demanded and on the savings of meat expenditures.
The impact of government health and education expenditure on income inequality in European Union
Creators: name: Jianu, Ionut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This research aims to provide an overview of the existing inequalities and their drivers in the member states of the European Union as well as their developements in the 2002-2008 and 2009- 2015 sub-periods. It also analyses the impact of health and education government spending on income inequality in the European Union over the 2002-2015 period. In this context, I applied the Estimated Generalized Least Squares method using panel data for the 28-member states of the European Union.
description: 15 pages
Pedersen, Nils Arne: Studies in The Sermon on the Great War
Creators: name: Schulz, Regine
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 83 (1999): Oriens christianus, Band 83
Effect of low-carbohydrate diets on quality of life, mental health, and speed of memory in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Creators: name: Arsalandeh, Farshad
name: Shemirani, Farnoosh
name: Nazari, Mohammad Ali
name: Mirmiran, Parvin
name: Golzarand, Mahdieh
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Low-carbohydrate diets (LCD) have inconclusive impacts on psychological outcomes, quality of life (QoL), and cognition. This study summarised current evidence by searching PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Sciences until October 2024. Thirty randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were included with a total sample size of 1781 (923 in the LCD group and 853 in the control group). No significant effect of LCD on mood disturbance, depression, anxiety, QoL, or memory speed was found. Subgroup analysis, however, showed significant QoL improvement in subjects consuming ≥15% of energy from carbohydrate, and trials with follow-up over 120 days. Of note, LCD significantly increased QoL in patients with neurological disorders. However, an unfavourable decrease in memory speed was observed in adults older than 55 years, and those consuming ≥15% of energy from carbohydrate. Findings demonstrated contradictory effects of LCD on QoL, mood, mental health, and memory speed. CRD42023452217.
Designing a minimal baffle to destabilise turbulence in pipe flows
Creators: name: Marensi, Elena
name: Ding, Zijing
name: Willis, Ashley P.
name: Kerswell, Rich R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the results of recent experiments (Kühnen et al., Flow Turb. Combust., vol. 100, 2018, pp. 919-943), we consider the problem of designing a baffle (an obstacle to the flow) to relaminarise turbulence in pipe flows. Modelling the baffle as a spatial distribution of linear drag $\mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x},t)=-χ(\mathbf{x})\mathbf{u}_{tot}(\mathbf{x},t)$ within the flow ($\mathbf{u}_{tot}$ is the total velocity field and $χ\ge 0$ a scalar field), two different optimisation problems are considered to design $χ$ at a Reynolds number $Re=3000$. In the first, the smallest baffle defined in terms of a $L_1 $ norm of $χ$ is sought which minimises the viscous dissipation rate of the flow. In the second, a baffle which minimises the total energy consumption of the flow is treated. Both problems indicate that the baffle should be axisymmetric and radially localised near the pipe wall, but struggle to predict the optimal streamwise extent. A manual search finds an optimal baffle one radius long which is then used to study how the amplitude for relaminarisation varies with $Re$ up to $15\,000$. Large stress reduction is found at the pipe wall, but at the expense of an increased pressure drop across the baffle. Estimates are then made of the break even point downstream of the baffle where the stress reduction at the wall due to the relaminarised flow compensates for the extra drag produced by the baffle.
description: 32 pages, 24 figures
Regional Organisations and ‘Humanitarian Intervention’: Towards Unilateral Enforcement Rights?
Creators: name: Kalopsidiotou, Stavroula
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: The normative consequences of the legitimate concern for the scarcity of human rights upon the legal regime of the use of force, constitute a significant challenge for both the positivist and the policy driven international law scholars. This thesis inquires whether in the midst of increased states’ unilateralism regional humanitarian intervention constitutes an emerging legal norm, by addressing the corollary question of whether this claim finds support in the endeavours of regional organisations. It envisages to provide a systematic analysis of both actual and verbal practice of regional organisations and of the necessary opinio juris, with a view to ascertaining whether this attests the alleged rise of a new CIL rule. The analysis revolves around foundational cases of regional unilateral interventions in humanitarian crises and the constitutive instruments of regional organisations. Whilst recognising that humanitarian intervention- general and regional- encapsulates some genuine concerns, the analysis of regional endeavours allegedly informing the debate on normative legal change demonstrates not only that it has not attained the status of a binding doctrine but reveals the weak legal premises of the proposition that it is currently an emerging rule under CIL.One of the key contributions of this work is that it revisits the current state of the influence of regional organisations vis-à-vis humanitarian intervention by considering not only their actual practice or constitutive undertakings, but both. Essentially, this thesis seeks to enhance the view that the practice of regional organisations towards the development of a new rule under CIL, has to be assessed in a principled manner. Notwithstanding the growing role of regional organisations in collective security and their growing concern over humanitarian crises, the analysis revolves around the proposition that their rights and responsibilities remain congruent to the international legal system and its making; while contesting the existence of an emerging rule for humanitarian intervention by regional organisations on the basis of the assessment of the merits of their potential contribution.
An algebraic study of unitary one dimensional quantum cellular automata
Creators: name: Arrighi, Pablo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide algebraic criteria for the unitarity of linear quantum cellular automata, i.e. one dimensional quantum cellular automata. We derive these both by direct combinatorial arguments, and by adding constraints into the model which do not change the quantum cellular automata's computational power. The configurations we consider have finite but unbounded size.
description: 18 pages, llncs. V1: full version. V2: essential results only, close to published version, with proofs.
"Observations" of simulated dwarf galaxies: Star-formation histories from color-magnitude diagrams
Creators: name: Rathi, Shivangee
name: Mastropietro, Michele
name: De Rijcke, Sven
name: Gallart, Carme
name: Bernard, Edouard
name: Verbeke, Robbert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Apparent deviations between properties of dwarf galaxies from observations and simulations are known to exist, such as the "Missing Dwarfs" problem, the too-big-to-fail problem, and the cusp-core problem, to name a few. Recent studies have shown that these issues can at least be partially resolved by taking into account the systematic differences between simulations and observations. This work aims to investigate and address any systematic differences affecting the comparison of simulations with observations. To this aim, we analyzed a set of 24 realistically simulated MoRIA (Models of Realistic dwarfs In Action) dwarf galaxies in an observationally motivated way. We first constructed "observed" color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) of the simulated dwarf galaxies in the typically used V- and I-bands. Then we used the CMD-fitting method to recover their star-formation histories (SFHs) from their observed CMDs. These solved SFHs were then directly compared to the true SFHs from the simulation star-particle data, mainly in terms of the star-formation rate(SFR) and the age-metallicity relation (AMR). We applied a dust extinction prescription to the simulation data to produce observed CMDs affected by dust in star-formation regions. Since future facilities, such as the JWST and E-ELT will focus on the near IR rather than the optical, we also constructed and analyzed CMDs using the I- and H-bands. We find a very good agreement between the recovered and the true SFHs of all the simulated dwarf galaxies in our sample, from the synthetic CMD analysis of their V-I versus I as well as the I-H versus H CMDs. Dust leads to an underestimation of the SFR during the last few hundred million years. Overall, our analysis indicates that quantities like SFR and AMR derived from the photometric observations of galaxies are directly comparable to their simulated counterparts.
description: 19 pages, 15 figures, to appear in Section 4. Extragalactic astronomy of Astronomy and Astrophysics
Assessing Environment in Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA): A Time Series Estimation
Creators: name: Koffi-Tessio, Egnonto M.
name: Homevor, Kpotogbe
name: Koffi-Tessio, Egnonto M.
name: Homevor, Kpotogbe
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: rural tourism
subject: Korea
subject: East Asia
subject: tourism policy

description: Within a context of global trade liberalisation and constrained national budgets, agriculture in many countries has proved incapable of sustaining household livelihoods an d socio-economic development in rural areas. The post-war industrial success of several Asian countries has suggested various alternatives for rural development, including tourism for domestic and possibly foreign visitors. After outlining the economic characteristics of rural tourism and its policies, this paper reviews the evolution of government policies in this area in East Asia, including the establishment of "tourist farms" and "pilot scheme" villages in Korea since the 1980s. A field survey of some 200 Korean village leaders and others, undertaken in 2004, is reported as to the attitudes of this policy clientele towards the tourist potential of their own villages, and ways of exploiting this potential. On this basis, conclusions are drawn as to future policies in this area, taking into account the capabilities of the rural population in East Asian countries, and the need for and scope of governmental action.
title: Nuclear spin coupling crossover in dense molecular hydrogen
Creators: name: Meier, Thomas
name: Laniel, Dominique
name: Pena-Alvarez, Miriam
name: Trybel, Florian
name: Khandarkhaeva, Saiana
name: Krupp, Alena
name: Jacobs, Jeroen
name: Dubrovinskaia, Natalia
name: Dubrovinsky, Leonid
Publisher: name: University of Bayreuth
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical physics
subject: Condensed-matter physics
subject: 540

description: One of the most striking properties of molecular hydrogen is the coupling between molecular rotational properties and nuclear spin orientations, giving rise to the spin isomers ortho- and para-hydrogen. At high pressure, as intermolecular interactions increase significantly, the free rotation of H2 molecules is increasingly hindered, and consequently a modification of the coupling between molecular rotational properties and the nuclear spin system can be anticipated. To date, high-pressure experimental methods have not been able to observe nuclear spin states at pressures approaching 100 GPa (Meier, Annu. Rep. NMR Spectrosc. 94:1–74, 2017; Meier, Prog. Nucl. Magn. Reson. Spectrosc. 106–107:26–36, 2018) and consequently the effect of high pressure on the nuclear spin statistics could not be directly measured. Here, we present in-situ high-pressure nuclear magnetic resonance data on molecular hydrogen in its hexagonal phase I up to 123 GPa at room temperature. While our measurements confirm the presence of ortho-hydrogen at low pressures, above 70 GPa, we observe a crossover in the nuclear spin statistics from a spin-1 quadrupolar to a spin-1/2 dipolar system, evidencing the loss of spin isomer distinction. These observations represent a unique case of a nuclear spin crossover phenomenon in quantum solids.
Association between intake of whole grain and periodontitis among adults in the United States: a population-based study
Creators: name: Guo, Suping
name: Feng, Jing
name: Wang, Yongjun
name: Li, Hua
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: The objective was to examine the association between the intakes of whole grains, refined grains, and whole/refined ratio with periodontitis. Data from 7,753 adults participating in NHANES 2009–2014 were used. The intakes of whole grains, refined grains, and whole/refined ratio were collected and calculated. Periodontitis was defined according to the CDC. The relationship between periodontitis and grains intakes were evaluated by using multivariate models. Dose-response relationship was modelled by restricted cubic spline regression. In the fully adjusted model, the whole grains intake (Q4 ORs: 0.70 (0.56,0.89)) and whole/refined grain ratio (Q4 ORs: 0.75 (0.60,0.93)) were negatively associated with periodontitis. The results of restricted cubic spline regression showed an OR of 0.89 (95% CI: 0.84,0.95) for per 28.3 g/d increase in whole grain intake, and the whole/refined grain ratio had a J-shaped association with periodontitis. Increased intake of whole grains was associated with lower prevalence of periodontitis.
$\textit{Ab initio}$ electronic factors of the $A$ and $B$ hyperfine structure constants for the $5s^25p6s \; ^{1,3}\! P^{\rm o}_{1}$ states in Sn I
Creators: name: Papoulia, Asimina
name: Schiffmann, Sacha
name: Bieroń, Jacek
name: Gaigalas, Gediminas
name: Godefroid, Michel
name: Harman, Zoltán
name: Jönsson, Per
name: Oreshkina, Natalia S.
name: Pyykkö, Pekka
name: Tupitsyn, Ilya I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Large-scale $\textit{ab initio}$ calculations of the electric field gradient, which constitutes the electronic contribution to the electric quadrupole hyperfine constant $B$, were performed for the $5s^25p6s$ $^{1,3}\!P^{\rm o}_1$ excited states of tin, using three independent computational strategies of the variational multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock method and a fourth approach based on the configuration interaction Dirac-Fock-Sturm theory. For the $5s^25p6s$ $^{1}\!P^{\rm o}_1$ state, the final value of $B/Q =703(50)$ MHz/b differs by $0.4\%$ from the one recently used by Yordanov ${\it et~al.}$ [Communications Physics ${\bf 3}$, 107 (2020)] to extract the nuclear quadrupole moments, $Q$, for tin isotopes in the range $^{(117-131)}$Sn from collinear laser spectroscopy measurements. Efforts were made to provide a realistic theoretical uncertainty for the final $B/Q$ value of the $5s^25p6s\,^{1}\!P^{\rm o}_1$ state based on statistical principles and on correlation with the magnetic dipole hyperfine constant $A$.
description: 47 pages, 4 figures
Mind the Gap: A handbook of clinical signs in Black and Brown skin
Creators: name: Malone Mukwende
name: Tamony, Peter
name: Turner, Margot
Publisher: name: St George's, University of London
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 130103 Higher Education
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: 130304 Educational Administration, Management and Leadership
subject: Education
subject: 130101 Continuing and Community Education
subject: 130302 Comparative and Cross-Cultural Education
subject: 130209 Medicine, Nursing and Health Curriculum and Pedagogy
subject: Medicine
subject: 110399 Clinical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 119999 Medical and Health Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Other medical sciences
subject: Health Care
subject: 130202 Curriculum and Pedagogy Theory and Development
subject: 130212 Science, Technology and Engineering Curriculum and Pedagogy
subject: 130205 Humanities and Social Sciences Curriculum and Pedagogy (excl. Economics, Business and Management)
subject: Ethnic Studies

description: Mind the Gap is a Handbook to raise awareness of how symptoms and signs can present differently on darker skin as well as highlighting the different language that needs to be used in descriptors.

The aim of this booklet is to educate students and essential allied health care professionals on the importance of recognising that certain clinical signs do not present the same on darker skin. This is something which is not commonly practiced in medical textbooks. It is important that we as future healthcare professionals are aware of these differences so that we don’t compromise our care for certain groups.
If you would like to find out more information please visit www.blackandbrownskin.co.uk
Brane gas-driven bulk expansion as a precursor stage to brane inflation
Creators: name: Shuhmaher, Natalia
name: Brandenberger, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new way of obtaining slow-roll inflation in the context of higher dimensional models motivated by string and M theory. In our model, all extra spatial dimensions are orbifolded. The initial conditions are taken to be a hot dense bulk brane gas which drives an initial phase of isotropic bulk expansion. This phase ends when a weak potential between the orbifold fixed planes begins to dominate. For a wide class of potentials, a period during which the bulk dimensions decrease sufficiently slowly to lead to slow-roll inflation of the three dimensions parallel to the orbifold fixed planes will result. Once the separation between the orbifold fixed planes becomes of the string scale, a repulsive potential due to string effects takes over and leads to a stabilization of the radion modes. The conversion of bulk branes into radiation during the phase of bulk contraction leads to reheating.
description: 5 pages, no figures, same as published one
Farm Productivity and Efficiency in Rural Bangladesh: The Role of Education Revisited
Creators: name: Asadullah, M. Niaz
name: Rahman, Sanzidur
name: Asadullah, M. Niaz
name: Rahman, Sanzidur
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Agriculture
subject: returns to education
subject: stochastic production frontier
subject: Bangladesh

description: This paper reassesses the debate over the role of education in farm pro duction in Bangladesh using a large dataset on rice producing hous eholds from 141 villages. Average and stochastic production frontier functions are estimated to ascertain the effect of education on productivity and efficiency. A full set of proxies for farm education stock variables are incorporated to investigate the 'internal' as well as 'external' returns to education. The external effect is investigated in the context of rural neighborhoods. Our analysis reveals that in addition to raising rice productivity and boosting potential output, household education significantly reduces production inefficiencies. However, we are unable to find any evidence of externality benefit of schooling. We discuss the implication of these findings for rural education programs in Bangladesh.
Measuring Extinction Curves of Lensing Galaxies
Creators: name: McGough, Christina
name: Clayton, Geoffrey C.
name: Gordon, Karl D.
name: Wolff, Michael J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We critique the method of constructing extinction curves of lensing galaxies using multiply imaged QSOs. If one of the two QSO images is lightly reddened or if the dust along both sightlines has the same properties then the method works well and produces an extinction curve for the lensing galaxy. These cases are likely rare and hard to confirm. However, if the dust along each sightline has different properties then the resulting curve is no longer a measurement of extinction. Instead, it is a measurement of the difference between two extinction curves. This "lens difference curve'' does contain information about the dust properties, but extracting a meaningful extinction curve is not possible without additional, currently unknown information. As a quantitative example, we show that the combination of two Cardelli, Clayton, & Mathis (CCM) type extinction curves having different values of R(V) will produce a CCM extinction curve with a value of R(V) which is dependent on the individual R(V) values and the ratio of V band extinctions. The resulting lens difference curve is not an average of the dust along the two sightlines. We find that lens difference curves with any value of R(V), even negative values, can be produced by a combination of two reddened sightlines with different CCM extinction curves with R(V) values consistent with Milky Way dust (2.1 < R(V) < 5.6). This may explain extreme values of R(V) inferred by this method in previous studies. But lens difference curves with more normal values of R(V) are just as likely to be composed of two dust extinction curves with R(V) values different than that of the lens difference curve. While it is not possible to determine the individual extinction curves making up a lens difference curve, there is information about a galaxy's dust contained in the lens difference curves.
description: 15 pages, 4 figues, ApJ in press