Asphondylia fluminensis Maia 2024, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Maia, Valéria Cid
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Cecidomyiidae
Asphondylia
Asphondylia fluminensis

description: Asphondylia fluminensis Maia, sp. nov. (Figs. 7 A-11B)    
 Diagnosis: Male hypoproct rounded apically, slightly bilobed, ovipositor with needle part about 2.02-2.14 × length 7 th sternite; pupa: antennal horn 0.20-0.26 mm long, upper facial horn single and conical, three lower frontal horns aligned, 8 th abdominal segment with 7-8 dorsal spines in the posterior row,larva:spatula with lateral teeth longer than mesal ones, mesal teeth pointed apically, three setose lateral papillae on each side of spatula.   
 (3) male: the body is shorter in A. struthanthi than in A. braziliensis, the pedicel and 1 st flagellomere, and all segments of palpi are shorter in A. braziliensis than in A. struthanthi (Table 1). The female of A. struthanthi is unknown.   
 Male: Body: 2.60-3.05 mm long (N = 3). Head (Fig. 7A): 0.55 mm long, 0.55 mm- 0.60 mm wide (N = 3), eye facets circular,closely appressed;antennae:flagellomeres 1 and 2 not fused (Fig.7B), scape obovate, setose, 0.10-0.11 mm long, 0.05-0.06 mm wide (N = 4), pedicel globose, setose, 0.04-0.06 mm long, 0.05-0.06 mm wide, 1 st- 9 th flagellomeres cylindrical,all 0.04-0.05 mm wide,circumfila longitudinally wavy, dense, anastomosing, equally spread along segments (Fig. 7C), 1 st flagellomere 0.21-0.22 mm long (N = 4), 2 nd flagellomere 0.17-0.19 mm long (N = 4), 3 rd- 7 th flagellomeres 0.17-0.18 mm long (N = 4), 8 th- 10 th flagellomeres 0.16 mm long (N = 2), 11 th flagellomere 0.15-0.16 mm long (N = 2), 12 th flagellomeres 0.15 mm long (N = 2) (Fig.7D),proportion flagellomere node/neck: 1:16; frons with 37-40 setae (male, N = 2); mouthparts: labrum long-attenuated, 0.07-0.08 mm long, 0.03 mm wide (N = 2); hypopharynx of the same shape as labrum, 0.09-0.13 mm long, 0.03 mm wide (N = 3) with long,anteriorly-directed lateral setulae; labella elongate and convex, 0.04-0.05 mm long, 0.02-0,03 mm wide (N-3), with lateral and mesal setae; palpus 0.11-0.14 mm long: 1 st segment globoid, 0.02 mm long, 0.02 mm wide (N = 3), 2 nd segment cylindrical, 0.03-0.04 mm long, 0.02 mm wide (N = 3), 3 rd segment fusiform, 0.06-0.08 mm long, 0.02 mm wide (N = 3), all segments with setae. Thorax: scutum with two dorsocentral rows of setae, setae more abundant anteriorly and posteriorly, two groups of lateral setae more abundant anteriorly, extending from base to distal margin, scales intermixed; scutellum with scattered setae; anepimeron and anepistenum setose; remaining pleural sclerites bare; legs: tarsal claws curved beyond midlength, isomorphic, empodium longer than claws (Fig. 7E); wing: length 2.20-2.30 mm (N = 3). Abdomen (Fig. 8A): trichoid sensilla not visible; 1 st- 7 th tergites sclerotized,rectangular with a posterior row of setae, few scattered lateral setae and mostly covered elsewhere with scales, 1 st tergite shorter than other tergites, 1/35 × length of 2 nd tergite, 8 th tergite band-like, bare; 2 nd- 8 th sternites more sclerotized than tergites, rectangular, as long as tergites, with a posterior row of setae, several setae and midlength, few lateral setae, and mostly covered elsewhere with scales; 8 th sternite with scattered setae and mostly covered elsewhere with scales. Terminalia (Fig. 8B): gonocoxite short and stout, 0.14 mm long, 0.07-0.09 mm wide (N = 2); gonostylus ovoid, 0.05 mm long, 0.04 mm wide (N = 2); hypoproct slightly bilobed, rounded apically.   
 Female: Body length: 2.80-2.90mm (N=2). Head: 0.05mm long, 0.04 mm long (N = 2), antennae: scape 0.11 mm long, 0.05 mm wide (N = 1), pedicel 0.05-0.07 mm long, 0.06-0.07 mm wide (N = 2), 1 st- 11 th flagellomeres cylindrical, circumfila comprising two longitudinal bands connected subbasally and apically by two transverse bands (Fig. 9A), 1 st flagellomere 0.23-0.28 mm long, 0.05 mm wide (N = 2),2 nd flagellomere 0.28 mm long. 0.05 mm wide (N = 1), 3 rd flagellomere 0.16-0.18 mm long, 0.04-0.05 mm wide (N = 2), 4 th- 5 th flagellomeres 0.15-0.18 mm long, 0.04-0.05 mm wide (N = 2), 6 th flagellomere 0.15-0.17 mm long, 0.04-0.05 mm wide (N = 2), 7 th flagellomere 0.17 mm long, 0.04-0.05 mm wide (N = 1), 8 th flagellomere 0.14 mm long, 0.04 mm wide (N = 1), 9 th flagellomere 0.10 mm long, 0.04 mm wide (N = 1), 10 th flagellomere 0.08 mm long, 0.04 mm wide (N = 1), 11 th flagellomere 0.05 mm long, 0.04 mm wide (N = 1), 12 th flagellomere globose, 0.04 mm long, 0.04 mm wide (N = 1); proportion flagellomere neck-node 1:15; frons with 26 setae; mouthparts: labrum 0.05- 0.05 mm long, 0.04 mm wide (N = 2), hypopharynx 0.10 mm long, 0.04 mm wide (N = 2), labellum 0.04-0.045 mm long, 0.03 mm wide at midlength (N = 2), palpus 0.14 mm long (N = 1): 1 st segment globose 0.02 mm long, 0.02 mm wide (N = 1), 2 nd segment cylindrical 0.05 mm long, 0.02 mm wide at midlength (N = 1), 3 rd segment fusiform 0.07 mm long, 0.01 mm wide at midlength (N = 1). Thorax: wing length: 2.30-2.40 mm (N = 2) (Fig. 9B); tarsal claws curved beyond midlength, isomorphic,empodium longer than claws (Fig.9C).Abdomen (Fig. 9D): trichoid sensillae not visible, 1 st- 7 th tergites as in male, 8 th tergite with posterior margin with lobes 0.08-0.09 mm long (N = 2), 2 nd- 6 th sternites as in male, 6 th sternite 0.23 mm long (N = 2), 7 th sternite 0.42 mm long, 1.82 × length of sternite 6 (N = 2), setose, mostly covered elsewhere with scales; sternite 8 not sclerotized; ovipositor: needle part 0,85- 0.90 mm long, 2.02-2.14 × length sternite 7 (N = 2). Other characters as in male.   
 Pupa (Fig. 10A): Color: brownish. Body length: 2.70-3.15 mm (N = 10). Head (Fig. 10B): dorsal plate 0.15-0.17 mm long, 0.40-0.46 mm wide (N = 7), antennal horn 0.20-0.26 mm long (N = 10), conical, pointed, inner margin serrated,distal part shorter than basal part;apical seta 0.04 mm long (N = 7), antennal width 0.06-0.07 mm; one upper facial horn conical, 0.02 mm long (N = 5); three lower facial horns aligned, 0.01 mm long (N = 5); two pairs of lower facial papillae: one pair setose, the other bare; three pairs of lateral facial papillae: one pair setose, two bare; upper cephalic margin thickened laterally, face with lateral projection. Thorax: prothoracic spiracle 0.10-0.11 mm long (N = 6), 1.3 × antennal basal width, setiform, not curved (N = 6) (Fig. 10C), integument wrinkled (Fig. 10D). Abdomen: segments 2-8 with transverse rows of crescent dorsal spines at basal half (Fig. 10E); posterior row with 19-27 spines in the 2 nd segment, 17-25 in the 3 rd, 18-24 in the 4 th, 15-22 in the 5 th, 15-23 in the 6 th, 12-19 in the 7 th and 7-8 in the 8 th.   
 Larva: Body: 2.10 mm long (N = 1); head 0.05 mm long, 0.8 mm wide (N = 2). Spatula (Fig. 11A) quadridentate, 0.21 mm long (N = 1), lateral teeth longer than mesal, 0.035 mm long, mesal teeth 0.002-0.03 mm long (N = 2); three setose lateral papillae on each side of spatula. Terminal segment 0.06 mm long, four pairs of terminal papillae (three setose, one shorter than the others, and one corniform) (N = 1).   
 Gall: On flower bud,globoid,green, glabrous,one-chambered on Erythroxylum ovalifolium Peyr (Erythroxylaceae) (Fig. 11B).   
 Material examined: Holotype male, BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro State, Maricá, APA de Maricá, 11.VIII.1990, V. Maia col. (MNRJ-ENT1-69782). Paratypes: MALES – same data as holotype: 1 ♂ (MNRJ-ENT1-69783); 01.IX.1997: 2 ♂♂ (MNRJ-ENT1-69786, MNRJ-ENT1-69787); Arraial do Cabo, 11.VIII.1990: 2 ♂♂ (MNRJ-ENT1-69784, MNRJ-ENT1-69785); FEMALES – same data as holotype: 3 ♀♀ (MNRJ-ENT1-69788: 1, MNRJ-ENT1-69789: 2); PUPAL EXUVIAE – same data as holotype: 12 pupal exuviae (1: MNRJ-ENT1-69791, 4: MNRJ-ENT1-69793, 4: MNRJ-ENT1-69795, 3: MNRJ-ENT1-69796); 01.IX.1997: 2 pupal exuviae (MNRJ-ENT1-69797); 07.VIII.1998: 3 pupal exuviae (MNRJ-ENT1-69790); 28.IX.1990: 1 pupal exuviae (MNRJ-ENT1-69794); Carapebus, 29.VII.1998: 4 pupal exuviae (MNRJ-ENT1-69792); THIRD INSTAR LARVAE – APA de Maricá, 18. V.2021: 1 larva (MNRJ-ENT1-69798); 08.IX.1988: 2 larvae (MNRJ-ENT1-69799).   
 Additional material: Rio de Janeiro state: Maricá, APA de Maricá, MALES – same data as holotype: (MNRJ-ENT1-69800, MNRJ-ENT1-69801); PUPAL EXUVIAE – same data as holotype: 11 pupal exuviae (1: MNRJ-ENT1-69803, 6: MNRJ-ENT1-69806, 4: MNRJ-ENT1-69809); Carapebus, 29.VII.1998, 6 pupal exuviae (MNRJ-ENT1-69802); 26.IX.1998: 5 pupal exuviae (3: MNRJ-ENT1-69804, 2: MNRJ-ENT1-69805); APA de Maricá, 07.VIII.1988: 3 pupal exuviae (MNRJ-ENT1-69807); 01.IX.1997: 1 pupal exuvia (MNRJ-ENT1-69808).   
 Etymology: The name "fluminensis ″ means "of Rio de Janeiro State ″.   
 Geographic distribution (based on gall records on the host plant): Brazil, Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro (Grumari), Maricá, Arraial do Cabo and Carapebus (Maia, 2013).   
 Remarks: Asphondylia erythroxylis Möhn 1959 is the only previously described congeneric species on Erythroxylum P. Browne. It induces fruit galls on E. mexicanum and is known from El Salvador (Gagné & Jaschhof, 2021). The new species differs from A. erythroxylis in the following morphological characters: (1) larva: the mesal teeth of A. fluminensis is clearly deeper than those of A. erythroxylis (Fig. 11C); (2) female: the body of A. fluminensis is longer and the last three flagellomeres are shorter in the new species than in A. erythroxylis. Furthermore, the last three flagellomeres are subequal in length in the new species, while in A. erythroxylis they are progressively shorter toward apex (Table 2). The male and pupa of A. erythroxylis are unknown.
description: Published as part of Maia, Valéria Cid, 2024, Five new species of Asphondylia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Asphondyliini) from Brazilian restinga (Atlantic Forest), pp. 1-30 in Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 64 on pages 9-15, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2024.64.008, http://zenodo.org/record/10942912