Pupa coccinata
Creators: name: Valdés, Ángel
name: Feliciano, Kendall
name: Malaquias, Manuel A. E.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Cephalaspidea
Acteonidae
Pupa
Pupa coccinata

description: Pupa coccinata (Reeve, 1842)
(Figs. 2E, 4D, 5D, 6D, 7D, 8D, 11)
Tornatella coccinata Reeve, 1842a: 60; 1842b: pl. 206, fig. 10. Type locality: Mindanao, Philippines, 46 m depth.
? Tornatella insculpta Reeve, 1842a: 62; 1842b: pl. 206, fig. 2. Type locality: Masbate, Philippines.
Pupa roseomaculata Iredale, 1936: 331, pl. 24, fig. 29. Type locality: Sydney Harbour, Australia.
Type material. Tornatella coccinata — 3 syntypes, dry shells, 26–30 mm long (NHMUK 1998142), illustrated by Higo et al. (2001: 137). Tornatella insculpta — 2 syntypes, dry shells, 9–13 mm long (NHMUK 196957). Pupa roseomaculata — Holotype, dry shell, 14 mm long (AM C.60702).
Material examined. Koumac lagoon, New Caledonia (20°38.5′S, 164°13.1′E), 15 m depth [Koumac 2.1 stn. KR616, soft bottom], 12 Sep 2018, 1 specimen 20 mm long (shell) (MHNH IM-2013-86143, isolate KF68); 1 specimen 20 mm long (shell) (MHNH IM-2013-86153), 3 shells 19–21 mm long (MHNH IM-2013-86186).
External morphology. Body oval, about the same width throughout (Fig. 2E). Cephalic shield notched along entire length longitudinally, with two elongate posterior extensions covering anterior end of shell. Foot extending beyond cephalic shield laterally. Body color translucent white, with opaque white dots scattered all over dorsal surface of cephalic shield, foot. Shell solid, narrow, elongated, widest between 2/3 to 1/2 from anterior end (Fig. 11). Sides convex, rounded to elongate anterior end. Body whorl large, about 5/6 of total length. Spire short, conical, with 4 whorls. Suture channeled. Aperture elongate, wider anteriorly, narrowing gradually towards posterior end, ending at 1/5 of the posterior end of first whorl. Columellar margin thickened, slightly oblique, with large, channeled anterior fold starting at anterior end of aperture; smaller, simple posterior fold located about aperture mid-length, separated from anterior fold by short gap. Apex of all specimens examined damaged, protoconch not observed. Sculpture composed of numerous punctuated spiral grooves. Punctuations conspicuous, irregular, oval, situated next to each other, fused together, within each groove. Grooves separated by gaps much wider than grooves. Shell color white to cream, checkered with orange or reddish, quadrangular patches, situated on gaps between punctuated spiral grooves all over shell. One or two bands on body whorl with smaller patches. Posterior whorls with smaller patches. Operculum translucent, elongate, brown with faint longitudinal striations (Fig. 4D).
Internal morphology. Reproductive system with short, slightly curved penis, otherwise indistinct (Fig. 5D). Digestive system with elongate buccal mass (Fig. 6D). Oral tube short, wide, connected to long, curved buccal bulb. Salivary glands, esophagus, connected on proximal end of buccal bulb. Radular formula 112 × 5.0. 5 in a 20 mm long specimen (MNHN IM- 2013-86143). Lateral teeth similar in shape, outer teeth slightly larger; cusp becoming proportionally longer towards outer edge (Fig. 7D). Teeth triangular, with broad base; elongate, curved, sharp cusp; 3–5 denticles similar to cusp in shape, generally shorter. Jaws with elongate elements, bearing 3–4 small, blunt projections apically (Fig. 8D).
Geographicrange.WestPacificOcean,fromNewSouthWales, Australia,toJapan(Higo etal.,2001;presentpaper)
Remarks. Reeve (1842a) described the new species Tornatella coccinata Reeve, 1842 with a brief description and a reference to an illustration published in Reeve (1842b: pl. 206, fig. 10) in July 1842. Reeve (1842a) commented that T. coccinata is distinct from other similar species by having a remarkably sharp-pointed spire at the apex, somewhat depressed and rounded, and the shell covered with a number of small bright scarlet spots. The holotype of T. coccinata (NHMUK 1998142) was illustrated by Higo et al. (2001: 137) and represents a well-preserved shell with a short spire and numerous bright orange quadrangular to oval spots. Smith (1884) and Pilsbry (1893) considered T. coccinata as a variety of T. solidula but provided no justification. Currently, P. coccinata is regarded as a valid species of Pupa (e.g., Hedley, 1907; Lin, 1990; Héros et al., 2007).
Reeve (1842a) introduced the new name Tornatella insculpta Reeve, 1842 for two dead shells found on the beach at Masbate Island, Philippines. This species was described and illustrated as having “the whole surface is painted with light brown spots.” However, examination of photos of the two syntypes revealed that one of them is completely white and the other is covered with orange spots, and it is very similar to specimens here assigned to P. coccinata. Some differences between the two species are that the spire of T. insculpta is more elongate and less sharp, but this could be due to the state of the shell as well as the smaller size of the specimen. While T. insculpta could be a synonym of P. coccinata this cannot be established with certainty based on the evidence available.
Iredale (1936) described Pupa roseomaculata Iredale, 1936 based on several specimens collected by John Brazier inside Port Jackson Heads, Sydney Harbour. The specimens were originally identified by Brazier as B. coccinatus, but Iredale (1936) argued the Australian shell did not agree with Reeve’s (1842b: pl. 206, fig. 10) illustration, and it is “certainly not a variety of Linne’s species, so it must be described as new.” Iredale (1936) designated as the holotype an 18 mm long shell, currently deposited at the Australian Museum (AM C.60702), whose photograph is available on the museum’s website (Fig. 11D). Pupa roseomaculata has been regarded as a synonym of P. solidula (see Higo et al., 2001), however, comparison of the photographs of the syntypes of P. coccinata (Fig. 11A–C) and the holotype of P. roseomaculata (Fig. 11D) shows they are virtually identical, and therefore these two names are here regarded as synonyms. Moreover, the characteristics of the syntypes of Pupa coccinata are consistent with those of the specimens from New Caledonia here examined and therefore we confidently assign the newly collected specimens to this species.
description: Published as part of Valdés, Ángel, Feliciano, Kendall & Malaquias, Manuel A. E., 2023, The genus Pupa Röding, 1798 (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Acteonidae) in New Caledonia with notes on Recent species, pp. 471-506 in Zootaxa 5270 (3) on pages 487-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5270.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7860353