cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Development of Head-Mounted Projection Displays for Distributed, Collaborative, Augmented Reality Applications
Creators: name: Rolland, Jannick P.
name: Biocca, Frank
name: Hamza-Lup, Felix G.
name: Ha, Yanggang
name: Martins, Ricardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Distributed systems technologies supporting 3D visualization and social collaboration will be increasing in frequency and type over time. An emerging type of head-mounted display referred to as the head-mounted projection display (HMPD) was recently developed that only requires ultralight optics (i.e., less than 8 g per eye) that enables immersive multiuser, mobile augmented reality 3D visualization, as well as remote 3D collaborations. In this paper a review of the development of lightweight HMPD technology is provided, together with insight into what makes this technology timely and so unique. Two novel emerging HMPD-based technologies are then described: a teleportal HMPD(T-HMPD) enabling face-to-face communication and visualization of shared 3D virtual objects, and a mobile HMPD (M-HMPD) designed for outdoor wearable visualization and communication. Finally, the use of HMPD in medical visualization and training, as well as in infospaces, two applications developed in the ODA and MIND labs respectively, are discussed.
Additional file 2: of Improving engagement with healthcare in hepatitis C: a randomised controlled trial of a peer support intervention
Creators: name: Stagg, Helen
name: Surey, Julian
name: Francis, Marie
name: MacLellan, Jennifer
name: Foster, Graham
name: AndrĂŠ Charlett
name: Abubakar, Ibrahim
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Detailed methodology. Detailed methods for the trial. (DOCX 27 kb)
Experimental verification of quantum heat exchange fluctuation relation
Creators: name: Pal, Soham
name: Mahesh, T S
name: Agarwalla, Bijay Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We experimentally verify the Jarzynski and Wöjcik quantum heat exchange fluctuation relation by implementing the interferometric technique in liquid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance setup and study the exchange heat statistics between two weakly coupled spin-1/2 quantum systems. In presence of uncorrelated initial state with individual spins prepared in local Gibbs thermal states at different temperatures, the exchange fluctuation symmetry is verified for arbitrary transient time. In contrast, when the initial preparation includes correlation, the fluctuation symmetry breaks down and further leads to an apparent spontaneous flow of heat from cold to hot. Our experimental approach is general and can be systematically extended to study heat statistics for more complex out-of-equilibrium many-body quantum systems.
Spin susceptibility of interacting electrons in one dimension: Luttinger liquid and lattice effects
Creators: name: Nélisse, H.
name: Bourbonnais, C.
name: Touchette, H.
name: Vilk, Y. M.
name: Tremblay, A. -M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The temperature-dependent uniform magnetic susceptibility of interacting electrons in one dimension is calculated using several methods. At low temperature, the renormalization group reaveals that the Luttinger liquid spin susceptibility $χ(T) $ approaches zero temperature with an infinite slope in striking contrast with the Fermi liquid result and with the behavior of the compressibility in the absence of umklapp scattering. This effect comes from the leading marginally irrelevant operator, in analogy with the Heisenberg spin 1/2 antiferromagnetic chain. Comparisons with Monte Carlo simulations at higher temperature reveal that non-logarithmic terms are important in that regime. These contributions are evaluated from an effective interaction that includes the same set of diagrams as those that give the leading logarithmic terms in the renormalization group approach. Comments on the third law of thermodynamics as well as reasons for the failure of approaches that work in higher dimensions are given.
description: 21 pages, latex including 5 eps figures
Additional file 1: of Diet satisfaction and associated factors among adult surgical orthopaedic inpatients at a teaching hospital in Lusaka province, Zambia; a hospital-based cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Nixon Miyoba
name: Ogada, Irene
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Questionnaire. (DOC 40 kb)
Opsiphanes invirae
Creators: name: Piovesan, Mônica
name: Casagrande, Mirna Martins
name: Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Nymphalidae
Opsiphanes
Opsiphanes invirae

description: Opsiphanes invirae (Hübner, [1808])
(Figs 219–248)
 Diagnosis. Opsiphanes invirae is distinguished from Opsiphanes cuspidatus stat. nov. by the DFW with or without an isolated spot, of variable proportions, on the discal cell, and by the oblique yellow band that usually reaches 2A. In Opsiphanes invirae, FW apex less acute than in Opsiphanes cuspidatus stat. nov. (Fig. 219a). The geographical distributions can also be used to separate the two species; while Opsiphanes invirae subspecies are cis-Andean, Opsiphanes cuspidatus stat. nov. subspecies are trans-Andean. Molecular analyses recovered Opsiphanes invirae as closely related to Opsiphanes cuspidatus stat. nov. (Fig. 2) (1.9–2.8% genetic distance).
 Male genitalia. Tegumen in dorsal view, anterior margin with a slight concavity in the median region, wider than the posterior margin; anterior projection of saccus in lateral view almost twice as long as dorsal arms of saccus, in ventral view with tapered anterior region (Fig. 231).
 Female genitalia. Lamella antevaginalis membranous medially and sclerotized laterally; lamella postvaginalis as a wide plate medially, tapering distally; ostium with weaker sclerotization than in lamella ante and postvaginalis (Fig. 232).
 Variation. Subspecies vary in the following characters: VHW, size of the eyespot between Sc+R 1 and M 1, and the width of its dark-brown ring; the size and shape of the eyespot between M 3 and CuA 2; and the zigzag EII and EIII submarginal lines are not always evident (Figs 219–230).
description: Published as part of Piovesan, Mônica, Casagrande, Mirna Martins & Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, 2022, Systematics of Opsiphanes Doubleday, [1849] (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Brassolini): an integrative approach, pp. 1-278 in Zootaxa 5216 (1) on page 234, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5216.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7403532
Unblackboxing decision making behind artificial intelligence algorithms in intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring
Creators: name: Wermelinger, Jonathan
name: Parduzi, Qendresa
name: Koller, Simon
name: Sariyar, Murat
name: Schneider, Ulf C.
name: Raabe, Andreas
name: Seidel, Kathleen
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2024

description: Background: We elucidate the decision making that lies behind artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms in the example of muscle classification in intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM). The goal is to uncover decisive parameters in motor evoked potentials (MEP) to understand intraoperative changes and optimize AI decision making. Methods: We classified MEP in supratentorial surgery in a bi-centric setup, training on 160 patients from one center and validating on 50 patients from an independent center. We trained random forests (RF), and 1D and 2D convolutional neural nets (CNN) on a total of 37’000 MEPs and uncovered the decision making by looking into the feature importance and gradient class activation maps (Grad-CAM). Results: The RF achieved 89% test accuracy and 80% accuracy on the validation dataset from the independent center, whereas the 1D CNN achieved 85% test and 76% validation accuracy. Finally, the 2D CNN achieved 86% test and 81% valication accuracy. Inspecting the RF feature importance reveals that the algorithm focuses on the time interval where the potential has highest amplitude. On the other hand, the grad-CAM reveals that the CNNs might be focusing on the biggest slope of the potential. Conclusions: Analyzing the decision making of artificial intelligence algorithms is an essential part of ensuring the quality and evidence behind the good performances of these methods. Understanding this rationale will be crucial when improving intraoperative MEP alarm criteria. We showed the key features during identification of MEPs and validated the results in a bicentric setup. To our knowledge, it is the first time an IONM machine learning classification task has been implemented in a multicenter set-up.
Reduction of a Hamilton-Jacobi equation for nonholonomic systems
Creators: name: Esen, Oğul
name: de León, Manuel
name: Morales, Víctor Manuel Jiménez
name: Sardón, Cristina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37J05, 35F21, 70H20, 53D12, 37J15, 53D20, 37J60

description: Nonholonomic mechanical systems have been attracting more interest in recent years because of their rich geometric properties and their applications in Engineering. In all generality, we discuss the reduction of a Hamilton-Jacobi theory for systems subject to nonholonomic constraints and that are invariant under the action of a group of symmetries. We consider nonholonomic systems subject to linear or nonlinear constraints, with different positioning with respect to the symmetries. We describe the reduction procedure first, to later reconstruct solutions in the unreduced picture, by starting from a reduced Hamilton-Jacobi equation. Examples can be depicted in a wide range of scenarios: from free particles with linear constraints, to vehicle motion.
The Structure and Evolution of Magnetized Cloud Cores in a Zero--Density Background
Creators: name: Curry, Charles L.
name: Stahler, Steven W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular-line observations of star-forming cloud cores indicate that they are not the flattened structures traditionally considered by theory. Rather, they are elongated, perhaps in the direction of their internal magnetic field. We are thus motivated to consider the structure and evolution of axisymmetric, magnetized clouds that start from a variety of initial states, both flattened (oblate) and elongated (prolate). We devise a new technique, dubbed the $q$-method, that allows us to construct magnetostatic equilibria of any specified shape. We find, in agreement with previous authors, that the field lines in oblate clouds bend inward. However, those in prolate clouds bow outward, confining the structures through magnetic tension. We next follow the quasi-static evolution of these clouds via ambipolar diffusion, under the assumption of constant core mass. An oblate cloud either relaxes to a magnetically force-free sphere or, if sufficiently massive, flattens along its polar axis as its central density runs away. A prolate cloud always relaxes to a sphere of modest central density. We finally consider the evolution of an initially spherical cloud subject to the tidal gravity of neighboring bodies. Although the structure constricts equatorially, it also shortens along the pole, so that it ultimately flattens on the way to collapse. In summary, none of our initial states can evolve to the point of collapse while maintaining an elongated shape. We speculate that this situation will change once we allow the cloud to gain mass from its environment.
description: 19 pages, plus 20 postscript figures. Accepted by ApJ
A tree is not a tree without its leaves... Exploring integration and belonging among south Sudanese Australians in Canberra
Creators: name: Wille, Janecke
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Sudanese--Relocation--Australia--Canberra (A.C.T.)
Refugees--Social aspects--Australia--Canberra (A.C.T.)
Sudanese--Cultural assimilation--Australia
Belonging (Social psychology)

description: Increasingly people move across borders in attempts to resettle in unfamiliar environments. Often these people are refugees, fleeing familiar settings due to conflict, war, political persecution or environmental changes. In their new location, they are expected to integrate and develop a sense of belonging. This integration is mainly concerned with a two-way process of adapting and settling, with measurable outcomes such as citizenship, employment, political participation, housing and access to welfare (Ager and Strang, 2008:26; Atfield et al., 2007; Castles et al., 2002). Belonging is often discussed as the expected end-result of this integration process where a sense of shared values and understanding is cultivated (Vasta, 2009), a sense of home, community and acceptance is achieved (Hamaz and Vasta, 2009); and feelings of connectedness realised (Atfield et al., 2007). This thesis argues that analyses of integration and belonging are intertwined, combining structural outcomes of an integration process and the emotional aspects of belonging. Integration is analysed as an experience for new arrivals, while belonging is analysed as the affective state of this experience. The research examines the experiences of South Sudanese Australians establishing their new lives in Canberra, Australia. Data was gathered through face-to-face interviews as well as observation and participation. I use Ager and Strang's (2008) theoretical framework of integration where ten 'domains' are identified to analyse possible outcomes. Into this framework I introduce the concept of belonging as the emotional aspect, which involves the interplay between self, agency and structural positioning (Hamaz and Vasta, 2009). The majority of participants' narratives revealed that integration and belonging occur when people feel a sense of equal opportunity in quotidian and mutual interactions with others. Experiences of recognition and mutuality emerged as essential for the development of a sense of belonging in the participants' narratives. These experiences differed among the participants, particularly with regard to their gendered position within social structures. Through emphasizing the co-constitution of integration and belonging, and the interdependence between self, agency and structural position, my data revealed how experiences of mutuality in social relations (social capital) can lead to a sense of common belonging in a new country.
Spin-wave Scattering in the Effective Lagrangian Perspective
Creators: name: Hofmann, Christoph P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonrelativistic systems exhibiting collective magnetic behavior are analyzed in the framework of effective Lagrangians. The method, formulating the dynamics in terms of Goldstone bosons, allows to investigate the consequences of spontaneous symmetry breaking from a unified point of view. Low energy theorems concerning spin-wave scattering in ferro- and antiferromagnets are established, emphasizing the simplicity of actual calculations. The present work includes approximate symmetries and discusses the modification of the low energy structure imposed by an external magnetic and an anisotropy field, respectively. Throughout the paper, analogies between condensed matter physics and Lorentz-invariant theories are pointed out, demonstrating the universal feature of the effective Lagrangian technique.
description: Published version
Tamm Plasmon in a Structure with the Nanocomposite Containing Spheroidal Core-Shell Particles
Creators: name: Pankin, P. S.
name: Vetrov, S. Y.
name: Timofeev, I. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spectral peculiarities of the structure consisting of a photonic crystal coated with a nanocomposite have been investigated. The nanocomposite used contains spheroidal nanoparticles with a dielectric core and a metallic shell, which are uniformly dispersed in a transparent matrix. The spectral manifestation of the observed Tamm plasmon polariton and Fabry--Perot mode has been examined. A significant polarization sensitivity of the spectra upon variation in the nanoparticle shape has been demonstrated. The dispersion curves presented for the Tamm plasmon polariton and Fabry--Perot mode are shown to be in good agreement with the spectra obtained by the transfer matrix method.
The impact of using relevant luminal fluid volumes on a PBPK model of Ritonavir absorption in children
Creators: name: Soulou, Eleni Papadatou
name: Pawar, Gopal
name: Inghelbrecht, Sabine
name: Mackie, Claire
name: Arien, Tina
name: Batchelor, Hannah Katherine
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2019

description: Prediction of the performance of oral medicines in a paediatric population is complex due to the lack of knowledge of the GI anatomy and physiology in children. To date, the paediatric GI fluid volumes in physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models were extrapolated from adult data.

The paediatric data on gastric and small intestinal volumes under fasted conditions have recently been measured by our research group (Papadatou Soulou et al., 2019).
The aim of this research work is to incorporate the intestinal fluid volumes (mL) for children and to verify the generated fluid volume data by using a commercial PBPK model to explore the absorption of Ritonavir as a model drug.
The gravitational wave symphony of the Universe
Creators: name: Sathyaprakash, B. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The new millennium will see the upcoming of several ground-based interferometric gravitational wave antennas. Within the next decade a space-based antenna may also begin to observe the distant Universe. These gravitational wave detectors will together operate as a network taking data continuously for several years, watching the transient and continuous phenomena occurring in the deep cores of astronomical objects and dense environs of the early Universe where gravity was extremely strong and highly non-linear. The network will listen to the waves from rapidly spinning non-axisymmetric neutron stars, normal modes of black holes, binary black hole inspiral and merger, phase transitions in the early Universe, quantum fluctuations resulting in a characteristic background in the early Universe. The gravitational wave antennas will open a new window to observe the dark Universe unreachable via other channels of astronomical observations.
description: Proceedings of the International Conference on Gravitation and Cosmology, held at IIT Kharagpur, Jan 2000 (to appear in Pramana J. Phys.)
Additional file 1: of Improving engagement with healthcare in hepatitis C: a randomised controlled trial of a peer support intervention
Creators: name: Stagg, Helen
name: Surey, Julian
name: Francis, Marie
name: MacLellan, Jennifer
name: Foster, Graham
name: AndrĂŠ Charlett
name: Abubakar, Ibrahim
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Study questionnaire. Copy of questionnaire used during study. (DOCX 771 kb)
Smallholders' perspectives, motivations, and incentives for restoring the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Creators: name: Tavares, Mayra F.
name: Gallo, Patrícia
name: Nascimento, Nathália
name: Bauhus, Jürgen
name: Brancalion, Pedro H. S.
name: Feurer, Mélanie
Year: 2024

description: Ecosystem restoration, recognized as a critical strategy for climate change adaptation and mitigation, faces significant challenges in achieving widespread implementation. A particular facet of this challenge lies in the active involvement of rural landowners. Our study aimed to understand rural landowners' perspectives, motivations, and characteristics that influence their participation in restoration projects in the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil. Qualitative content analysis was conducted on 68 semi-structured interviews with two groups of landowners: 36 who received support and 32 who did not receive project support from a local non-governmental organization to restore native forests on their landholdings. Approximately three-quarters of the sample are classified as smallholders (<80 ha). The main difference between the two groups is the dependence on agricultural production as the main source of income, with 22% of farmers in the supported group and 72% in the unsupported group. This socio-economic characteristic appeared to influence the decision to restore native forest. Farmers' focus tends to be linked to rural production, and the main obstacle to restoration was the loss of productive land. They usually allow natural forest regeneration to establish on slopes. The other type of landowner (lifestylers) mainly restored land through planting of seedlings, with the main barrier being the cost of restoration. Both groups had water conservation as their main motivation for restoration. Our study shows that understanding the perspectives and motivations of the diversity of rural landowners is crucial to effectively engage them and address the socio-economic feasibility of different restoration approaches.
The dark side of the force : the downside of social capital and indigenous higher education
Creators: name: Moodie, Nikki Maree
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2014

description: Social capital has been a popular, yet contested, concept and the possibility that it has a 'dark side', has long occupied researchers and policymakers. However, the diverse heritage of the idea has led to theoretical incoherence and difficulties in operationalisation and measurement. This thesis argues that many of these issues can be resolved by revisiting Bourdieu's interpretation of social capital, which permits a more robust analysis of social capital's positive and negative outcomes. In order to explore these ideas empirically, this thesis examines the downsides of social capital in the context of Indigenous tertiary education in Australia. Social capital has been identified as an important factor for academic success; particularly for minority, ethnic or historically marginalised groups, the creation of social capital is identified as a key factor in positive educational outcomes. Yet, narratives of dysfunction, disengagement and weak social norms are common in discussions of poor academic outcomes for Indigenous people. Largely absent from this debate, particularly in Australia, is a discussion of how social capital mirrors existing patterns of inequality for Indigenous people. Consequently, also missing is a discussion of how social capital's downsides can impede a student's ability to succeed in the education system. This thesis therefore asks two questions: 1. What can a 'forms of capital' approach add to understanding the resources that Indigenous students use and need in tertiary education? 2. How does the idea of social capital's downsides explain the challenges Indigenous students face in tertiary education? Rather than perpetuate a deficit explanation for the downside of social capital, this thesis argues that the negative effects of network membership can be understood as an effect of social location. For Indigenous Australians, this includes a history of colonisation, dispossession and marginalisation, which has had a profound effect on social norms and organisation. Bourdieu's interpretation of social capital offers a way to break with dominant versions of the theory which tend to see the negative effects of social capital as the sole responsibility of individuals and communities.
Additional file 1 of Trends and determinants of underweight and overweight/obesity among urban Ethiopian women from 2000 to 2016
Creators: name: Ahmed, Kedir Y.
name: Abrha, Solomon
name: Page, Andrew
name: Arora, Amit
name: Shiferaw, Solomon
name: Tadese, Fentaw
name: Seifu, Canaan Negash
name: Yeneabat, Tebikew
name: Alemu, Emana
name: Gebremichael, Delelegn Yilma
name: Seiko, Abdulaziz
name: Ogbo, Felix Akpojene
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Characteristics of urban women in Ethiopia, 2000–2016. n (%): weighted count and proportions for each variable. *SNNPR: Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples Region.
Stability and Evolution of Supernova Fallback Disks
Creators: name: Menou, Kristen
name: Perna, Rosalba
name: Hernquist, Lars
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that thin accretion disks made of Carbon or Oxygen are subject to the same thermal ionization instability as Hydrogen and Helium disks. We argue that the instability applies to disks of any metal content. The relevance of the instability to supernova fallback disks probably means that their power-law evolution breaks down when they first become neutral. We construct simple analytical models for the viscous evolution of fallback disks to show that it is possible for these disks to become neutral when they are still young (ages of a few 10^3 to 10^4 years), compact in size (a few 10^9 cm to 10^11 cm) and generally accreting at sub-Eddington rates (Mdot ~ a few 10^14 - 10^18 g/s). Based on recent results on the nature of viscosity in the disks of close binaries, we argue that this time may also correspond to the end of the disk activity period. Indeed, in the absence of a significant source of viscosity in the neutral phase, the entire disk will likely turn to dust and become passive. We discuss various applications of the evolutionary model, including anomalous X-ray pulsars and young radio pulsars. Our analysis indicates that metal-rich fallback disks around newly-born neutron stars and black holes become neutral generally inside the tidal truncation radius (Roche limit) for planets, at \~10^11 cm. Consequently, the efficiency of the planetary formation process in this context will mostly depend on the ability of the resulting disk of rocks to spread via collisions beyond the Roche limit. It appears easier for the merger product of a doubly degenerate binary, whether it is a massive white dwarf or a neutron star, to harbor planets because it can spread beyond the Roche limit before becoming neutral.[Abridged]
description: 34 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
MOESM2 of Pycnoporus cinnabarinus glyoxal oxidases display differential catalytic efficiencies on 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and its oxidized derivatives
Creators: name: Daou, Marianne
name: Yassine, Bassem
name: Saowanee Wikee
name: Record, Eric
name: Duprat, Françoise
name: Bertrand, Emmanuel
name: Faulds, Craig
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Physiology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Marine Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 2. HPLC chromatogram of the reactions of PciGLOX and UmaAAO on HMF. HPLC chromatogram of the reactions of (a) PciGLOX1 (red), PciGLOX2 (green) and PciGLOX3 (pink) enzymes on HMF after 24 h of incubation compared to the control (blue) and (b) UmaAAO on HMF at t0 (blue) and after 1 h (red), 2 h (green), 4 h (pink) and 24 h (grey) of reaction.
Deviation equations of Synge and Schild over spaces with affine connections and metrics
Creators: name: Manoff, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Deviation equation of Synge and Schild has been investigated over spaces with affine connections and metrics. It is shown that the condition for the vanishing of the Lie derivative of a vector field along a given non-null (non-isotropic) vector field u for obtaining this equation is only a sufficient (but not necessary) condition. By means of the vector field u and the projective metric (orthogonal to it) projected deviation equations of Synge and Schild have been obtained for a vector field, orthogonal to the given vector field u, as well as for the square of its length. For a given non-isotropic, auto-parallel and normalized vector field u this equation could have some simple solutions. PACS numbers: 02.90; 04.50+h; 04.90.+e: 04.30.+x
description: 15 pages, LaTeX. To appear in Intern. J. Mod. Phys. A
Pew Research Center: American Trends Panel Wave 32
Creators: name: Pew Research Center
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2019

description: Life satisfaction (5); trust in others (5); local community (5); feelings of loneliness (1); support network (1); feelings of optimism (1); enjoyment in life (1); money to support lifestyle (2); important characteristics of a community (8); family nearby (1); assets that help young people succeed (4); government spending by population density (3); problems in local community (13); local availability of jobs (1); workplace sexual harassment (8); community where you grew up (6); values by population density (3); interactions with neighbors (5); trust in neighbors (2); knowledge of neighbors (3); immigrants in local community (2); opinions on how others view your community (2); views of other communities (3); moving to a different community (5); feelings toward presidential figures (3); minorities becoming majority (1); perceived threats to traditional American values (5); white privilege (1); same-sex marriage (1); abortion (3); self-identified social class (1); social media (2).
Generative One-Shot Learning (GOL): A Semi-Parametric Approach to One-Shot Learning in Autonomous Vision
Creators: name: Grigorescu, Sorin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Highly Autonomous Driving (HAD) systems rely on deep neural networks for the visual perception of the driving environment. Such networks are trained on large manually annotated databases. In this work, a semi-parametric approach to one-shot learning is proposed, with the aim of bypassing the manual annotation step required for training perceptions systems used in autonomous driving. The proposed generative framework, coined Generative One-Shot Learning (GOL), takes as input single one-shot objects, or generic patterns, and a small set of so-called regularization samples used to drive the generative process. New synthetic data is generated as Pareto optimal solutions from one-shot objects using a set of generalization functions built into a generalization generator. GOL has been evaluated on environment perception challenges encountered in autonomous vision.
description: Web-site: http://rovislab.com/gol.html
It's not cold money it's warm money : microcredit and empowerment in the case of the New Zealand women's loan fund
Creators: name: Marsh, Susan Meriel
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2015

description: Since the early 1990s, microcredit, often inspired by the Grameen Bank of Bangladesh's model, has been utilised as a way of alleviating poverty in the less-developed world. These microcredit programmes (MCPs) in the less-developed world have been extensively studied, with considerable focus upon their putative role in 'empowering' poor women, even though the nature of this concept has remained contentious. However, less attention has been paid to the increase in the number of microcredit organisations in the developed world. This thesis focuses upon a small-scale, women-only, no-interest, microcredit fund in New Zealand, the Women's Loan Fund (WLF), in order to examine the extent to which, and the way in which, it 'empowers' its borrowers. A critical review of the literature on empowerment provides the basis of my approach, which draws heavily on Christens' (2012) discussion of relational empowerment. This approach suggests that women will only be empowered in a microcredit scheme if there is a relationship between the lenders and the borrowers based upon ideas of community, trust and transformational power. In other words, empowerment is a process in which an emotional relationship - reflected in trust, reciprocity and confidence - accompanies, or precedes, economic empowerment for disadvantaged women. My study examines whether a concern for relational empowerment orients the activities of the WLF and, to the extent that it does, how successful the organisation is in the eyes of Lenders and/or Borrowers. The thesis involved a detailed study of 2 WLF branches, one in the North Island and one in the South Island of New Zealand, based on scrutiny of relevant documents, particularly the WLF's Guidance Manual; interviews with Coordinators, Trustees and Borrowers; and participant observation of WLF branches' activity. The analysis demonstrates that the WLFs operate, implicitly, with a notion of relational empowerment, which is broadly shared by both Lenders and Borrowers, as well as being consistent with the organisation's aims. It also reveals the importance the organization places on community and trust as a crucial step towards economic empowerment. Finally, the thesis indicates some of the ways in which relational empowerment could be used in future studies of microcredit in the developed world.
Enhancement of Optical Nonlinearity Through Anisotropic Microstructures
Creators: name: Yuen, K. P.
name: Law, M. F.
name: Yu, K. W.
name: Sheng, Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the polarization dependence of optical nonlinearity enhancement for a uniaxial anisotropic composite of metal nanocrystals in a dielectric host. Three cases are distinguished depending on whether the polarization is parallel, perpendicular or unpolarized with respect to the axis of anisotropy. For the parallel polarization, the results show that the 3D results are qualitatively similar to the 2D case reported recently. For the perpendicular polarization, the results are markedly different from the parallel counterpart: In contrast to the absorption, the enhancement factor actually increases with the anisotropy. Thus the separation of the absorption and enhancement peaks becomes even more pronounced than the parallel polarization case. These results indicate a strong polarization dependence of the nonlinear optical response.
description: 12 pages, LaTeX format, 9 figures, preliminary results were Reported in the 2nd Tohwa University International Meeting on Statistical Physics held on November 4-7, 1997, accepted for publication by Optics Communications on 7 November 1997
Nonlinear Elasticity of the Sliding Columnar Phase
Creators: name: O'Hern, C. S.
name: Lubensky, T. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The sliding columnar phase is a new liquid-crystalline phase of matter composed of two-dimensional smectic lattices stacked one on top of the other. This phase is characterized by strong orientational but weak positional correlations between lattices in neighboring layers and a vanishing shear modulus for sliding lattices relative to each other. A simplified elasticity theory of the phase only allows intralayer fluctuations of the columns and has three important elastic constants: the compression, rotation, and bending moduli, $B$, $K_y$, and $K$. The rotationally invariant theory contains anharmonic terms that lead to long wavelength renormalizations of the elastic constants similar to the Grinstein-Pelcovits renormalization of the elastic constants in smectic liquid crystals. We calculate these renormalizations at the critical dimension $d=3$ and find that $K_y(q) \sim K^{1/2}(q) \sim B^{-1/3}(q) \sim (\ln(1/q))^{1/4}$, where $q$ is a wavenumber. The behavior of $B$, $K_y$, and $K$ in a model that includes fluctuations perpendicular to the layers is identical to that of the simple model with rigid layers. We use dimensional regularization rather than a hard-cutoff renormalization scheme because ambiguities arise in the one-loop integrals with a finite cutoff.
description: This file contains 18 pages of double column text in REVTEX format and 6 postscript figures
Spatio-temporal coupling of attosecond pulses
Creators: name: Wikmark, Hampus
name: Guo, Chen
name: Vogelsang, Jan
name: Smorenburg, Peter W.
name: Coudert-Alteirac, Hélène
name: Lahl, Jan
name: Peschel, Jasper
name: Rudawski, Piotr
name: Dacasa, Hugo
name: Carlström, Stefanos
name: Maclot, Sylvain
name: Gaarde, Mette B.
name: Johnsson, Per
name: Arnold, Cord L.
name: L'Huillier, Anne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The shortest light pulses produced to date are of the order of a few tens of attoseconds, with central frequencies in the extreme ultraviolet range and bandwidths exceeding tens of eV. They are often produced as a train of pulses separated by half the driving laser period, leading in the frequency domain to a spectrum of high, odd-order harmonics. As light pulses become shorter and more spectrally wide, the widely-used approximation consisting in writing the optical waveform as a product of temporal and spatial amplitudes does not apply anymore. Here, we investigate the interplay of temporal and spatial properties of attosecond pulses. We show that the divergence and focus position of the generated harmonics often strongly depend on their frequency, leading to strong chromatic aberrations of the broadband attosecond pulses. Our argumentation uses a simple analytical model based on Gaussian optics, numerical propagation calculations and experimental harmonic divergence measurements. This effect needs to be considered for future applications requiring high quality focusing while retaining the broadband/ultrashort characteristics of the radiation.
Triangular anisotropies in Driven Diffusive Systems: reconciliation of Up and Down
Creators: name: Rutenberg, A. D.
name: Yeung, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Deterministic coarse-grained descriptions of driven diffusive systems (DDS) have been hampered by apparent inconsistencies with kinetic Ising models of DDS. In the evolution towards the driven steady-state, ``triangular'' anisotropies in the two systems point in opposite directions with respect to the drive field. We show that this is non-universal behavior in the sense that the triangular anisotropy ``flips'' with local modifications of the Ising interactions. The sign and magnitude of the triangular anisotropy also vary with temperature. We have also flipped the anisotropy of coarse-grained models, though not yet at the latest stages of evolution. Our results illustrate the comparison of deterministic coarse-grained and stochastic Ising DDS studies to identify universal phenomena in driven systems. Coarse-grained systems are particularly attractive in terms of analysis and computational efficiency.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures
MOESM1 of Increased demand for amphetamine treatment in rural Australia
Creators: name: Julaine Allan
name: Ip, Ryan
name: Kemp, Michael
name: Snowdon, Nicole
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1 : Variable Grouping.
On the metallicities of UM 133, UM 283 and UM 382
Creators: name: Kniazev, A. Y.
name: Pustilnik, S. A.
name: Ugryumov, A. V.
name: Pramsky, A. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The study of group properties of the extremely metal-deficient gas-rich local dwarfs is very promising for the understanding the galaxy formation process at high redshifts. About 20 such objects have been picked up from the literature in the recent review by Kunth & Ostlin(2000). However part of these galaxies got low metallicity as a result of earlier observations, and can have rather large uncertainties in their cited element abundances. Before to perform the detailed studies of such galaxies as of some extreme group, it is useful to revise their metallicities. We present the results of the SAO 6m telescope spectrophotometry of two Blue Compact Galaxies (BCG) reported from earlier studies as very metal-poor objects. Well measured [O III] line 4363 A allows to deduce the temperature in HII regions and get reliable abundances of chemical elements. For UM 133 we derive 12+log(O/H) = 7.63+/-0.02, coincident with the published value. UM 382, according to our data, is significantly more metal-rich: its 12+log(O/H) = 7.82+/-0.03 in comparison to the published value 7.45. The third galaxy, UM 283 seems have got its very low 12+log(O/H) = 7.59 due to a misprint. We used its published emission line intensities and derived instead the value of 7.95. Thus the latter two galaxies should NOT be considered as the extremely metal-poor BCGs.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, A&A in press
Peter Cornelius als Musiktheoretiker
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Ergon – ein Verlag in der Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft
Year: 2024

description: Peter Cornelius was not only a composer, poet, translator and critic, but also a teacher of music theory at the Königlich Bayerische Musikschule (Royal Bavarian Music School) in Munich. For the first time, this volume brings together his writings on music theory, reconstructing them and contextualising them in several specialist articles. Exciting insights are here provided into the reality of teaching at a German-speaking conservatory in the mid-nineteenth century – an environment often riven by aesthetic conflict. In addition to offering courses in harmony and modulation, Cornelius also taught a composition course based on Haydn’s string quartets in which he commented on the work of his students and provided his own solutions.
Nothing to lose? an ethnography of gambling in clubs
Creators: name: Kirk, Elizabeth Jane
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2015

description: Gambling is a significant part of many Australian communities. Recent political debate has explored the role of poker machines (pokies) in problem gambling. This debate, however, has not fully explored what gambling, particularly gambling in clubs, means to the people who do it recreationally and regularly: why do they gamble, what does gambling in a club mean, what is the context in which gambling occurs, and what do patrons get out of a visit to the club? This thesis explores these questions through an ethnography of two Canberra social clubs. The findings of this thesis expose the complex, and often contradictory, experience of gambling in social clubs. Clubs were a 'third place' where informal community connections were fostered, and where people experienced a variety of sociable encounters. Playing the pokies in clubs was about more than gambling: pokies offered an entry into social interaction. Paradoxically, however, pokies were also used as a means of avoiding unwanted social contact. Pokies were used by different club patrons in different ways to shape their experience of a trip to the club. Gambling behavior was governed by a series of norms reinforced by other club patrons. These norms were strongly gendered: group reinforcement, for young men, encouraged high risk gambling behavior. For older women, group reinforcement largely promoted responsible gambling behavior, such as setting and sticking to limits. Gamblers were also observed to demonstrate a degree of agency in their gambling behavior. Gamblers frequently demonstrated, in their interactions with gambling machines and one another, an understanding of risk, and conveyed the impression that they were, to some degree, attempting to manage odds. The broader implications of these findings are that gambling needs to be reframed to acknowledge the complex context in which it occurs. Gamblers operate in a network of meanings and beliefs about their gambling behavior: a network that is framed by a cultural context of stigma around particular types of gambling.
Extended Moment Formation and Second Neighbor Coupling in Li$_2$CuO$_2$
Creators: name: Weht, Ruben
name: Pickett, W. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Comprised of ferromagnetic edge-sharing CuO$_2$ chains that order in antialigned fashion at T$_N$=9 K, Li$_2$CuO$_2$ is found from local spin density calculations to display several surprising characteristics: (1) the ordered moment/f.u. of 0.92 $μ_B$ is the largest for any low dimensional cuprate system, in agreement with experiment, (2) 40% of this moment lies on the neighboring O ions, making it the largest oxygen moment yet reported, and (3) the second neighbors couplings are larger than nearest neighbors couplings. All of these phenomena arise naturally due to a well defined effective $d_{yz}$ type orbital that includes very strong O $p_σ$ character. We interpret the large moment as surviving reduction by quantum fluctuations due to extension caused by the $d-p$ hybridization.
description: 4 2-column pages, 6 postscript figures