cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Migration-driven diversity of super-Earth compositions
Creators: name: Raymond, Sean N.
name: Boulet, Thibault
name: Izidoro, Andre
name: Esteves, Leandro
name: Bitsch, Bertram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A leading model for the origin of super-Earths proposes that planetary embryos migrate inward and pile up on close-in orbits. As large embryos are thought to preferentially form beyond the snow line, this naively predicts that most super-Earths should be very water-rich. Here we show that the shortest-period planets formed in the migration model are often purely rocky. The inward migration of icy embryos through the terrestrial zone accelerates the growth of rocky planets via resonant shepherding. We illustrate this process with a simulation that provided a match to the Kepler-36 system of two planets on close orbits with very different densities. In the simulation, two super-Earths formed in a Kepler-36-like configuration; the inner planet was pure rock while the outer one was ice-rich. We conclude from a suite of simulations that the feeding zones of close-in super-Earths are likely to be broad and disconnected from their final orbital radii.
description: MNRAS Letters, in press. Small update to references. Animation from Figs 1 and 2 viewable at https://youtu.be/uEK6FTj6s7c
First gas-phase metallicity gradients of $0.1 \lesssim z \lesssim 0.8$ galaxies with MUSE
Creators: name: Carton, David
name: Brinchmann, Jarle
name: Contini, Thierry
name: Epinat, Benoît
name: Finley, Hayley
name: Richard, Johan
name: Patrício, Vera
name: Schaye, Joop
name: Nanayakkara, Themiya
name: Weilbacher, Peter M.
name: Wisotzki, Lutz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galaxies at low-redshift typically possess negative gas-phase metallicity gradients (centres more metal-rich than their outskirts). Whereas, it is not uncommon to observe positive metallicity gradients in higher-redshift galaxies ($z \gtrsim 0.6$). Bridging these epochs, we present gas-phase metallicity gradients of 84 star-forming galaxies between $0.08 < z < 0.84$. Using the galaxies with reliably determined metallicity gradients, we measure the median metallicity gradient to be negative ($-0.039^{+0.007}_{-0.009}$ dex/kpc). Underlying this, however, is significant scatter: $(8\pm3)\%\ [7]$ of galaxies have significantly positive metallicity gradients, $(38 \pm 5)\%\ [32]$ have significantly negative gradients, $(31\pm5)\%\ [26]$ have gradients consistent with being flat. (The remaining $(23\pm5)\%\ [19]$ have unreliable gradient estimates.) We notice a slight trend for a more negative metallicity gradient with both increasing stellar mass and increasing star formation rate (SFR). However, given the potential redshift and size selection effects, we do not consider these trends to be significant. Indeed, once we normalize the SFR relative to that of the main sequence, we do not observe any trend between the metallicity gradient and the normalized SFR. This is contrary to recent studies of galaxies at similar and higher redshifts. We do, however, identify a novel trend between the metallicity gradient of a galaxy and its size. Small galaxies ($r_d < 3$ kpc) present a large spread in observed metallicity gradients (both negative and positive gradients). In contrast, we find no large galaxies ($r_d > 3$ kpc) with positive metallicity gradients, and overall there is less scatter in the metallicity gradient amongst the large galaxies. These large (well-evolved) galaxies may be analogues of present-day galaxies, which also show a common negative metallicity gradient.
description: [v1]: Accepted for publication in MNRAS [v2]: Added CDS archive link, and updated one reference
Symmetry breaking at the (111) interfaces of SrTiO${_3}$ hosting a 2D-electron system
Creators: name: De Luca, G. M.
name: Di Capua, R.
name: Di Gennaro, E.
name: Sambri, A.
name: Granozio, F. Miletto
name: Ghiringhelli, G.
name: Betto, D.
name: Piamonteze, C.
name: Brookes, N. B.
name: Salluzzo, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We used x-ray absorption spectroscopy to study the orbital symmetry and the energy band splitting of (111) LaAlO${_3}$/SrTiO${_3}$ and LaAlO${_3}$/EuTiO${_3}$/SrTiO${_3}$ heterostructures, hosting a quasi two-dimensional electron system (q2DES), and of a Ti-terminated (111) SrTiO${_3}$ single crystal, also known to form a q2DES at its surface. We demonstrate that the bulk tetragonal Ti-3d D${_4}$${_h}$ crystal field is turned into trigonal D${_3}$${_d}$ crystal field in all cases. The symmetry adapted a${_1}$${_g}$ and e${^π_g}$ orbitals are non-degenerate in energy and their splitting, Δ, is positive at the bare STO surface but negative in the heterostructures, where the a${_1}$${_g}$ orbital is lowest in energy. These results demonstrate that the interfacial symmetry breaking induced by epitaxial engineering of oxide interfaces has a dramatic effect on their electronic properties, and it can be used to manipulate the ground state of the q2DES.
description: 6 pages article, plus 5 pages supplementary information
Circular RNA 0047905 acts as a sponge for microRNA4516 and microRNA1227-5p, initiating gastric cancer progression
Creators: name: Lai, Zhiyong
name: Yang, Yang
name: Wang, Chaobing
name: Yang, Wenhui
name: Yan, Yichao
name: Wang, Zhu
name: Xu, Jun
name: Jiang, Kewei
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Several lines of evidence suggest that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play important roles in oncogenesis and tumor progression. However, our knowledge of the role of circRNAs in gastric cancer (GC) remains limited. We investigated the possibility that circular RNA 0047905 (circRNA0047905) might act as a tumor promoter in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer by profiling miRNA expression in GC tissues and paired noncancerous mucosa tissues using miRNA microarrays. Next, a ceRNA network was constructed according to common miRNAs binding circRNAs and mRNAs. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that circRNA0047905 directly binds miR4516 and miR1227-5p, relieving suppression for targets SERPINB5 and MMP11. We observed that down-regulated circRNA0047905 expression in gastric cancer cells inhibited Akt/CREB signaling pathway activation. RNA scope in situ hybridization revealed expression of circRNA0047905 in GC. Our data suggest that circRNA0047905 is a promising target for GC diagnosis and therapy.
Reminiscences of Alva B. Lasswell 1968
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Veterans
World War, 1939-1945--Cryptography
Ciphers
Military intelligence

description: Enlisted service, 1926-29, commissioned, 1929; Japanese language training, cryptographic and communications intelligence training; breaking the Japanese code; World War II: communications intelligence work at Pearl Harbor, Battle of Midway; postwar demobilization; occupation of North China.
Reminiscences of Alpha L. Bowser 1970
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Veterans
World War, 1939-1945--Naval operations, American
Korean War, 1950-1953
Military education

description: Naval Academy, 1928-32; early Marine Corps training and assignments; World War II: Bougainville, Guam, Iwo Jima; Head Records Branch, 1945-46; instructor, Quantico, 1946-49; Force Naval Gunfire Officer, Fleet Marine Force, Pacific, 1949-50; Korea: Inchon, Chosin Reservoir; staff officer, Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe, Paris, 1952-54; National War College; Amphibious Force, Pacific Fleet, 1955-56; Marine Corps doctrine, training, contingency planning, personalities.
Solen Linnaeus, 1758, gen. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Bivalvia
Adapedonta
Solenidae
Solen

description: Solen [gen. nov.]
Animal cylindricum: antice Tentaculis 2 cylindricis; postice glande oblonga clavata praeputio cincta.
Testa bivalvis, oblonga, utroque latere hians.
Cardo Dens subulatus, non insertus testae oppositae; margo lateralis obsoletior.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 672, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Model of massless relativistic particle with continuous spin and its twistorial description
Creators: name: Buchbinder, I. L.
name: Fedoruk, S.
name: Isaev, A. P.
name: Rusnak, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new world-line Lagrangian model of the D=4 massless relativistic particle with continuous spin and develop its twistorial formulation. The description uses two Penrose twistors subjected to four first class constraints. After the first quantization of the world-line twistorial model, the wave function is defined by an unconstrained function on the two-dimensional complex affine plane. We find the twistor transform that determines the space-time field of the continuous spin particle through the corresponding twistor one, which plays the role of a prepotential. It is shown that this space-time field is an exact solution of the space-time constraints defining the irreducible massless representation of the Poincare group with continuous spin.
description: 1 + 19 pages, v3: minor corrections in the published version
Study of the relation between blood flow and the age-dependent localisation of early atherosclerosis
Creators: name: Peiffer, Veronique Paule-Alberte
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2012

description: Atherosclerosis develops non-uniformly within the arterial system and the distribution of lesions has been observed to change with age. This thesis investigates the concept that the patchiness of the disease is related to local variations in blood flow. Based on the insights from a systematic literature review, a novel study was designed to analyse the relation between haemodynamic factors and age-dependent atherogenesis in the thoracic aorta of rabbits. Arterial geometries were reconstructed by micro-Computed Tomography of vascular corrosion casts, with particular attention to the anatomical accuracy of the dataset. Blood flow was simulated in these geometries using a spectral/hp element method. Distributions of traditional shear-related metrics were calculated and both qualitatively and quantitatively compared to maps of lesion prevalence. In addition, a time-averaged transverse wall shear stress was introduced. A geometric analysis of the dataset of rabbit thoracic aortas revealed a significant change with age in the degree of aortic taper. The geometric changes could explain age-related differences in flow characteristics, in particular in the extent of Dean-type vortical structures into the descending aorta and the strength of a dorsal streak of high shear. The comparative analysis of shear and lesion distributions did not unequivocally support the theory that lesions occur in regions of low shear. The novel haemodynamic metric, in combination with current metrics, enabled an improved identification of zones of multi-directional disturbed flow. In conclusion, this thesis adds to the understanding of the relation between blood flow and early atherosclerosis, and provides tools for use in future studies.
MOESM1 of Modulation of CaV1.3b L-type calcium channels by M1 muscarinic receptors varies with CaVβ subunit expression
Creators: name: Roberts-Crowley, Mandy
name: Rittenhouse, Ann
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Pharmacological characterization of CaV1.3b L-current. HEK-M1 cells were washed with DMEM and the DNA mixture of CaV1.3b, α2δ-1, a β3-subunit and GFP was added and incubated for 1 h at 37 °C in a 5% CO2 incubator. Supplemented media, without antibiotics, was then returned to the cells to bring the volume up to 1 ml (normal medium volume). After 2 h, cells were washed with supplemented media and washed a final time 2 h later. 10 mM MgSO4 was added to the medium to block basal activity of CaV1.3b, which helped minimize excitotoxicity of transfected cells. Cells were transferred 24–72 h post-transfection using 2 mM EDTA in 1X PBS, to poly-l-lysine-coated coverslips. Recording began 1 h after transfer to coverslips. A Individual traces of CaV1.3b-β3 current before (CTL) and after exposure to 0.3 µM NIM. B Concentration–response curve of L-current inhibition to NIM (n = 4–8). C CaV1.3b-β2a currents before and after exposure to FPL (1 µM). Cells were stepped to a test potential of − 10 mV from a holding potential of − 90 mV followed by repolarization to − 90 or − 50 mV. Control (CTL) currents from β2a-containing L-VGCCs show little to no inactivation as observed previously [31]. D CaV1.3b-β3 currents before and after FPL. Cells were stepped to a test potential of − 10 mV from a holding potential of − 60 mV followed by repolarization to − 60 mV. Following FPL, both β2a- and β3-containing channels exhibited slower activation and deactivation kinetics, hallmarks of agonist action on L-current [32]. E FPL enhancement of the CaV1.3b-β2a current–voltage plot from a holding potential of − 90 mV (CTL, filled circles; FPL, open circles, n = 3, *P
Bio-Reducible Polyamines for siRNA Delivery
Creators: name: Serginson, James Michael
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2012

description: Even though siRNA shows great promise in the treatment of genetic disease, cancer and viral infection; the lack of a suitable delivery vector remains a barrier to clinical use. Currently, viral vectors lead the field in terms of efficacy but are generally regarded as prohibitively dangerous. Synthetic alternatives such as cationic polymers could overcome this problem. Previous work in the group found that small, cationic, disulfide-containing, cyclic polyamines – despite being non-polymeric – were useful as vectors for pDNA transfection; this work focuses on adapting the material for siRNA. A branched analogue of the cyclic compounds was prepared and the synthetic procedures investigated are discussed. The suitability of both compounds for siRNA delivery was studied in depth. Characterisation of their interactions with nucleic acids under various conditions was carried out using light-scattering techniques, gel electrophoresis and fluorescent dye exclusion assays. Results from these experiments were used to allow successful use of the materials as vectors and enable understanding of the mechanism of the template-driven polymerisation. Early data concerning the efficacy of the materials as an siRNA delivery system in vitro was obtained using A549 lung carcinoma cells as a model system with siRNAs targeting the production of the enzyme GAPDH. Both compounds showed a hint of successful siRNA Delivery but the data was not overwhelmingly conclusive. Further experiments will be required to optimise the materials for maximum biological efficacy and to confirm they offer potential as a novel delivery system.
pH-Mediated Regulation of Polymer Transport Through SiN Pores
Creators: name: Buyukdagli, Sahin
name: Ala-Nissila, Tapio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We characterize the pH controlled polymer capture and transport thorough silicon nitride (SiN) pores subject to protonation. A charge regulation model able to reproduce the experimental zeta potential of SiN pores is coupled with electrohydrodynamic polymer transport equations. The formalism can quantitatively explain the experimentally observed non-monotonic pH dependence of avidin conductivity in terms of the interplay between the electroosmotic and electrophoretic drag forces on the protein. We also scrutinize the DNA conductivity of SiN pores. We show that in the low pH regime where the amphoteric pore is cationic, DNA-pore attraction acts as an electrostatic trap. This provides a favorable condition for fast polymer capture and extended translocation required for accurate polymer sequencing.
Trace formulae and spectral inequalities for a class of differential operators
Creators: name: Usman, Muhammad
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2012

description: We study the scattering problem for the Schrodinger equation on the half-line with the Robin boundary condition at the origin. We derive an expression for trace of the difference of perturbed and unperturbed resolvent in terms of a Wronskian. This leads to a representation for the perturbation determinant and trace formulas of Buslaev-Faddeev type. We further generalize the method used for obtaining trace formulas to matrix-valued Schrodinger operator. We derive trace formulas for a star graph which satisfies Kirchhoff vertex condition at origin. Finally, we apply the commutation method to matrix-valued Schrodinger operator defined on the half-line with the Robin boundary condition at zero. We also obtain sharp Lieb-Thirring inequalities and show how they can be used for related problems.
Finite Temperature effects on baryon transport scattering in the early Universe
Creators: name: Suh, In-Saeng
name: Mathews, G. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have computed finite temperature corrections to the electron-hadron scattering cross sections. These are based upon the renormalized electron mass and the modified density of states due to the presence of a background thermal bath. It is found that the electron-hadron thermal transport scattering cross section can be much larger than the zero temperature one. In the case of electron-neutron transport scattering, we find σ_{ne}(T) / σ_{ne} (T=0) \simeq 5 at T \simeq 0.1 MeV.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. D
On the Global Existence of Bohmian Mechanics
Creators: name: Berndl, K.
name: Dürr, D.
name: Goldstein, S.
name: Peruzzi, G.
name: Zangh\`ı, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the particle motion in Bohmian mechanics, given by the solution of an ordinary differential equation, exists globally: For a large class of potentials the singularities of the velocity field and infinity will not be reached in finite time for typical initial values. A substantial part of the analysis is based on the probabilistic significance of the quantum flux. We elucidate the connection between the conditions necessary for global existence and the self-adjointness of the Schrödinger Hamiltonian.
description: 35 pages, LaTex
Four-loop splitting functions at small $x$
Creators: name: Bonvini, Marco
name: Marzani, Simone
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the expansion of small-$x$ resummed DGLAP splitting functions at next-to-leading logarithmic (NLL) accuracy to four-loop order, namely next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N$^3$LO). From this, we extract the exact LL and NLL small-$x$ contributions to the yet unknown N$^3$LO splitting functions, both in the standard $\overline{MS}$ scheme and in the $Q_0 \overline{MS}$ scheme usually considered in small-$x$ literature. We show that the impact of unknown subleading logarithmic contributions (NNLL and beyond) at N$^3$LO is significant, thus motivating future work towards their computation. Our results will be also needed in future to match NLL resummation to N$^3$LO evolution. In turn, we propose an improved implementation of the small-$x$ resummation and therefore release a new version of the resummation code (HELL 3.0) which contains these changes.
description: 34 pages, 5 figures, 2 appendices. Version published in JHEP
Anopheles/Plasmodium interactions at the ookinete-to-oocyst developmental transition
Creators: name: Akinosoglou, Karolina-Anthoula
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2011

description: The ookinete to oocyst developmental transition of the Plasmodium parasite represents a major population bottleneck in the malaria life cycle. This suggests that it could be a target for intervention strategies, such as transmission blocking vaccines, provided essential parasite target molecules can be identified. A recent microarray analysis has identified a large number of transcripts differentially expressed during the parasite’s developmental transitions. Genes differentially regulated during the ookinete-to-oocyst transition may determine the development of the parasite within the mosquito host, as well as, participating directly in parasite/mosquito interactions. Yet, the function of the majority of such molecules is largely unknown. This PhD thesis aims to identify and functionally characterise genes putatively involved in ookinete development and/or the interactions between the parasite and the mosquito host in the model system Plasmodium berghei. Thirty three proteins likely to be implicated in the parasite’s interaction with the mosquito immune system and local epithelial response were identified based on their expression pattern and predicted structural features. Generation of knock-out mutants through targeted gene disruption by homologous recombination was the first step towards functional characterization of these candidates.Successful mutants were assessed for their ability to complete their sexual sporogonic development, as well as, their impact on mosquito immunity following infection of Anopheline mosquitoes of various immune backgrounds. Interestingly, two of the successful mutants were hampered in their ability to undergo normal differentiation during ookinete development while the third one’s ability to invade the mosquito midgut epithelium was impaired. The inability to invade implies a potential interaction of this gene product with mosquito midgut ligands. Eventually malaria transmission through Anopheline mosquitoes was affected in all three mutants. Moreover, challenging of a mosquito protein LRIM1, a major parasite antagonist, also revealed potential involvement of the three mutants in mosquito/parasite immune response pathways. Genetic crosses with parasite lines deficient in the production of either male or female fertile gametes demonstrated in the case of two mutants that, this defect in ookinete development is sex dependent, thus underlining the critical importance of maternal and/or paternal control during the first few hours of parasite development in the mosquito.
Axion Emissivity from the Conversion of a Neutron Star into a Strange Star
Creators: name: Suh, In-Saeng
name: Lee, Chul H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The conversion of neutron matter into strange matter in a neutron star occurs through the non-leptonic weak-interaction process. We study the energy loss of the neutron star by the emission of axions in that process. Owing to that process, the neutron star will liberate the energy which can in no way be negligible as an axion burst.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Phys. Lett. B
Anomia Linnaeus, 1758, gen. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadellidae
Anomia

description: Anomia [gen. nov.]
Animal ...
Testa inaequivalvis: valvula altera planiuscula, altera basi magis gibba; harum altera saepe basi perforata.
Cardo edentulus cicatricula lineari prominente introrsum; valvulae vero planioris in ipso margine.
Radii duo ossei pro basi animalis.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 700, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Decoherence and the Quantum Zeno Effect
Creators: name: Venugopalan, Anu
name: Ghosh, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The experiment of Etano et al which demonstrated the quantum Zeno effect (QZE) in an optical experiment was explained by Frerichs and Schenzle without invoking the wave function collapse. In this report it is proposed that the collapse does occur, and it can be explained by the `environment induced decoherence' theory. The environment here consists of the completely quantized field vacuum modes. The spontaneous emission life time of the atom sets a fundamental limit on the requirement of `continuous measurements' for QZE. This limit turns out to be related to the time-energy uncertainty relation discussed by Ghirardi et al.
description: Based on a poster presented at the "Workshop on Advanced Laser Spectroscopy", I.I.T. Kanpur, India, 25-28 February 1995. RevTeX, one page, two uunecoded post-script figures appended.
Composites with Controllable Stiffness
Creators: name: Maples, Henry
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: High performance carbon fibre reinforced composites with controllable stiffness could revolutionise the use of composite materials in structural applications. Described here are structural materials, the stiffness of which can be controlled on demand. Such materials could have applications in morphing wings or deployable structures. A significant challenge in the field of morphing aerostructures is the development of a stiff skin material that can withstand aerodynamic loads but that can be readily deformed with acceptable actuation forces. To overcome this, two designs of carbon fibre reinforced epoxy composites with controllable stiffness have been developed that contain either thermo-responsive interphases or interleaf layers. At elevated temperatures they undergo large reductions in flexural stiffness and fully recover when cooled, with no discernible damage or loss in properties. These composites, when optimised, could therefore be used as skin materials in morphing wings. In the first design, composites containing thermo-responsive interphases were manufactured by continuously coating polystyrene onto carbon fibres followed by resin infusion with an epoxy resin. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and flexural tests showed that reductions in stiffness of up to 30 % could be achieved when the composites were heated above the Tg of the interphase. Composites containing polyacrylamide interphases were also analysed using DMTA. These composites underwent reductions in storage modulus of up to 79 % when the polyacrylamide interphase was partially hydrated and heated above its Tg. In an alternative approach, interleaved laminates containing plies of polystyrene between carbon fibre reinforced laminae were also manufactured. When heated to 120 °C, above the Tg of polystyrene, these composites exhibited up to 98 % loss in flexural stiffness and could undergo large deformations. The process was reversible as the composites could be returned to their original configuration and their flexural stiffness restored to their full values with no damage observed.
Nutritional and surgical influences on appetite regulation and body composition in overweight and obese humans
Creators: name: Bottin, Jeanne
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2013

description: In the present context of worldwide-prevalent obesity, optimisation of existing weight loss strategies and development of novel population-wide interventions is critical. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is considered the gold-standard treatment for obesity. Weight loss is recommended prior to surgery to reduce liver size and risks of complications. However, little is known regarding the optimal pre-operative diet type and duration. In a first investigation, I examined the effect of three pre-operative diets on liver fat content (IHCL), as a proxy of liver volume, in obese patients undergoing RYGB. I compared the effects of a 2-week and 6-week liquid formula 800kcal/day low-calorie diet (LCD) with a low-carbohydrate, high-protein 1000kcal/day conventional food diet (control) prescribed routinely in bariatric clinics. The 2-week and 6-week LCD induced a 40% and 67% reduction in IHCL respectively compared with the control diet, which did not induce any significant loss in IHCL. In the overweight population, dietary changes remain the first-line treatment strategy to induce weight loss. Certain food components promote satiety by altering gastro-intestinal (GI) hormone release, and may therefore play a role in the prevention of obesity and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Mycoprotein, a novel fungal food containing protein and fibre, reduces energy intake acutely and improves glucose homeostasis in lean individuals. In a second investigation, I explored the effect of mycoprotein on energy intake, glucose homeostasis, and GI hormones release in overweight volunteers. Mycoprotein significantly reduced acute energy intake by 10% compared with chicken in overweight individuals, without significantly altering GI hormones, and gastric emptying. Furthermore, mycoprotein reduced post-prandial insulin and improved insulin sensitivity compared with chicken, showing its potential health benefit in overweight individuals. These studies suggest that a 2-week pre-operative LCD may be optimal in the preparation for RYGB and that mycoprotein might be of benefit in the dietetic prevention of obesity and T2DM.
Anomaly Detection in Dynamic Networks
Creators: name: Turcotte, Melissa
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2013

description: Anomaly detection in dynamic communication networks has many important security applications. These networks can be extremely large and so detecting any changes in their structure can be computationally challenging; hence, computationally fast, parallelisable methods for monitoring the network are paramount. For this reason the methods presented here use independent node and edge based models to detect locally anomalous substructures within communication networks. As a first stage, the aim is to detect changes in the data streams arising from node or edge communications. Throughout the thesis simple, conjugate Bayesian models for counting processes are used to model these data streams. A second stage of analysis can then be performed on a much reduced subset of the network comprising nodes and edges which have been identified as potentially anomalous in the first stage. The first method assumes communications in a network arise from an inhomogeneous Poisson process with piecewise constant intensity. Anomaly detection is then treated as a changepoint problem on the intensities. The changepoint model is extended to incorporate seasonal behaviour inherent in communication networks. This seasonal behaviour is also viewed as a changepoint problem acting on a piecewise constant Poisson process. In a static time frame, inference is made on this extended model via a Gibbs sampling strategy. In a sequential time frame, where the data arrive as a stream, a novel, fast Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) algorithm is introduced to sample from the sequence of posterior distributions of the changepoints over time. A second method is considered for monitoring communications in a large scale computer network. The usage patterns in these types of networks are very bursty in nature and don't fit a Poisson process model. For tractable inference, discrete time models are considered, where the data are aggregated into discrete time periods and probability models are fitted to the communication counts. In a sequential analysis, anomalous behaviour is then identified from outlying behaviour with respect to the fitted predictive probability models. Seasonality is again incorporated into the model and is treated as a changepoint model on the transition probabilities of a discrete time Markov process. Second stage analytics are then developed which combine anomalous edges to identify anomalous substructures in the network.
Anisotropies in the astrophysical gravitational-wave background: Predictions for the detection of compact binaries by LIGO and Virgo
Creators: name: Jenkins, Alexander C.
name: Sakellariadou, Mairi
name: Regimbau, Tania
name: Slezak, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a detailed anisotropic model for the astrophysical gravitational-wave background, including binary mergers of two stellar-mass black holes, two neutron stars, or one of each, which are expected to be the strongest contributions in the LIGO-Virgo frequency band. The angular spectrum of the anisotropies, quantified by the $C_\ell$ components, is calculated using two complementary approaches: (i) a simple, closed-form analytical expression, and (ii) a detailed numerical study using an all-sky mock light cone galaxy catalogue from the Millennium simulation. The two approaches are in excellent agreement at large angular scales, and differ by a factor of order unity at smaller scales. These anisotropies are considerably larger in amplitude than e.g. those in the temperature of the cosmic microwave background, confirming that it is important to model these anisotropies, and indicating that this is a promising avenue for future theoretical and observational work.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures; PRD published version
Discovery of an Ultra-Steep Spectrum, Highly Polarized Red Quasar at z = 1.462
Creators: name: De Breuck, Carlos
name: Brotherton, M. S.
name: Tran, Hien D.
name: van Breugel, Wil
name: Rottgering, Huub J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of WN J0717+4611, a highly polarized red quasar at z=1.462, selected from a sample of faint (S_{1.4GHz} > 10 mJy) ultra steep spectrum (alpha < -1.3) radio sources. VLA observations at 4.85 GHz show that the radio source is dominated by a 21 mJy core. Using the Keck telescopes, we obtained spectra with a combined wavelength range covering 4000 Angstroms to 1.6 microns, and spectropolarimetric observations between 4000 Angstroms and 9000 Angstroms. We identify WN J0717+4611 as a quasar based on broad emission of Mg II 2799 (FWHM ~ 11,000 km/s), a stellar R_S band Lick image and the high luminosity of the object (M_B = -24.2). The optical linear polarization is wavelength-independent at 15% in both the continuum and the emission lines, with the polarization angle orthogonal to the radio jet axis. We argue that the polarization mechanism is scattering of quasar light by surrounding small dust grains or electrons. WN J0717+4611 appears highly reddened for a core-dominated quasar.
description: 20 Pages, including 2 tables and 4 PostScript figures; Accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal (1998 July issue)
Reducing subtask dispersion in parallel queueing systems
Creators: name: Tsimashenka, Iryna
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2013

description: In various real-world parallel processing systems, incoming tasks divide into several subtasks that are processed independently by parallel servers. Queueing networks are a natural way to represent the flow and processing of tasks and subtasks in such systems. Two useful classes of queueing network representations are split-merge and fork-join systems. There are two main metrics of interest in these systems: task response time and subtask dispersion. These metrics are in tension with each other: when one is reduced, it tends to lead to an increase in the other. Generally, using the fork-join paradigm leads to low task response times but high subtask dispersion, while using the split-merge paradigm leads to low subtask dispersion but moderate to high task response times. This thesis introduces methods for controlling subtask dispersion as well as for the trading off of subtask dispersion and task response time in parallel queueing systems. In the context of split-merge systems with generally distributed service times, we show how to control mean subtask dispersion by the application of judiciously-chosen delays to subtask processing and extend it to control percentiles of the distribution of subtask dispersion. Our analysis is based on extensions to the theory of heterogeneous order statistics. While solely focusing on the reduction of subtask dispersion leads to a large increase in task response time, together with a corresponding decrease in maximum sustainable system throughput, aiming to reduce a product of mean subtask dispersion and mean task response time leads to a marginal increase in task response time while dramatically improving mean subtask dispersion. Fork-join systems are widely deployed in the real world, but are notoriously more difficult to analyse. In the context of fork-join systems with heterogeneous exponentially distributed service times, we present an on-line technique which improves on both the mean task response time and mean subtask dispersion achievable in an equivalent split-merge system. For split-merge systems we validate our results analytically, while for fork-join systems we validate the solutions against simulations. We present case studies of different parts of our methodology in split-merge and fork-join systems with and without applications of the delays. These show the ability to reduce subtask dispersion while providing increasingly-sophisticated means to simultaneously control task response time.
title: ADCO, Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome IX, Cart. 193 (11 H 78), f. 0159v
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2012
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: cartulaire

description: Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome IX, Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 193 (11 H 78), f. 0159v, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome IX, Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 193 (11 H 78), f. 0159v, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
Near-Infrared Galaxy Counts to J and K ~ 24 as a Function of Image Size
Creators: name: Bershady, Matthew A.
name: Lowenthal, James D.
name: Koo, David C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have used the Keck 10m telescope to count objects as a function of image size in 2 high galactic latitude fields covering 1.5 arcmin^2 and reaching 50% completeness at K=24 and J=24.5 for stellar sources. Counts extend ~1 mag deeper in K than surveys with other telescopes; complement Keck surveys providing counts at comparable or shallower depths but not utilizing image structure; and extend by several magnitudes the J band counts from other surveys. We find the surface-density of objects at K=23 to be higher than previously found (~500,000/mag/deg^2), but at K<22 to be consistent with most other surveys in amplitude and slope (~0.36). J band counts have similar slope. J and K counts are in excess of our empirical no-evolution models for an open universe, and a factor of 2 higher than mild-evolution models at J and K ~ 23. The slope of the model counts is insensitive to geometry even in the near-infrared because the counts are dominated by low-luminosity (<0.1L*) objects at modest redshift (z<1) with small apparent sizes (r05<0.4", i.e. <4 kpc). The observed counts rise most steeply for these smaller objects, which dominate fainter than K=22.3 and J=23.3. However, the greatest excess relative to no-evolution models occurs for the apparently larger objects (median J-K~1.5). The size and colors of such objects correspond equally well to luminous (>0.1L*), galaxies at 1
description: accepted for publication in ApJ; 34 pages text, 9 tables, 10 figures (embedded); full resolution figures available at http://www.astro.wisc.edu/~mab/publications/pub.html
Echinus sphaeroides Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Echinodermata
Echinoidea
Camarodonta
Echinidae
Echinus
Echinus sphaeroides

description: Echinus sphaeroides [spec. nov.]
E. hemisphaerico-gibbosus; ambulacris denis, undique muricatis, medio porosis.
Habitat in O. Indico.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 664, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Additional file 1 of Pediatric sepsis inflammatory blood biomarkers that correlate with clinical variables and severity of illness scores
Creators: name: Leonard, Sean
name: Guertin, Hailey
name: Odoardi, Natalya
name: Miller, Michael R.
name: Patel, Maitray A.
name: Daley, Mark
name: Cepinskas, Gediminas
name: Fraser, Douglas D.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Supplementary material 1
Reminiscences of Alwin Nikolais 1979
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Choreographers
Modern dance
Choreography

description: Bennington, summer 1937: intense atmosphere, teachers, leftist politics, intergroup rivalries, Holm's TREND; Bennington, summer 1938: Graham's AMERICAN DOCUMENT, comparision of Graham and Holm techniques, analysis of German modern dance, van Labal principles; contrast between Bennington and Mills' summer schools; change in modern dance and dancers since 1930s; reminiscences of Louis Horst, Martha Graham, Hanya Holm and others.
Probabilistic Learning by Demonstration from Complete and Incomplete Data
Creators: name: Korkinof, Dimitrios
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: In recent years we have observed a convergence of the fields of robotics and machine learning initiated by technological advances bringing AI closer to the physical world. A prerequisite, however, for successful applications is to formulate reliable and precise offline algorithms, requiring minimal tuning, fast and adaptive online algorithms and finally effective ways of rectifying corrupt demonstrations. In this work we aim to address some of those challenges. We begin by employing two offline algorithms for the purpose of Learning by Demonstration (LbD). A Bayesian non-parametric approach, able to infer the optimal model size without compromising the model's descriptive power and a Quantum Statistical extension to the mixture model able to achieve high precision for a given model size. We explore the efficacy of those algorithms in several one- and multi-shot LbD application achieving very promising results in terms of speed and and accuracy. Acknowledging that more realistic robotic applications also require more adaptive algorithmic approaches, we then introduce an online learning algorithm for quantum mixtures based on the online EM. The method exhibits high stability and precision, outperforming well-established online algorithms, as demonstrated for several regression benchmark datasets and a multi-shot trajectory LbD case study. Finally, aiming to account for data corruption due to sensor failures or occlusions, we propose a model for automatically rectifying damaged sequences in an unsupervised manner. In our approach we take into account the sequential nature of the data, the redundancy manifesting itself among repetitions of the same task and the potential of knowledge transfer across different tasks. We have devised a temporal factor model, with each factor modelling a single basic pattern in time and collectively forming a dictionary of fundamental trajectories shared across sequences. We have evaluated our method in a number of real-life datasets.
Constraint satisfaction mechanisms for marginal stability and criticality in large ecosystems
Creators: name: Altieri, Ada
name: Franz, Silvio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a resource-competition model, which takes the MacArthur's model as a platform, to unveil interesting connections with glassy features and jamming in high dimension. This model presents two qualitatively different phases: a "shielded" phase, where a collective and self-sustained behavior emerges, and a "vulnerable" phase, where a small perturbation can destabilize the system and contribute to population extinction. We first present our perspective based on a strong similarity with continuous constraint satisfaction problems in their convex regime. Then, we discuss the stability in terms of the computation of the leading eigenvalue of the Hessian matrix of the free energy in the replica space. This computation allows us to efficiently distinguish between the two aforementioned phases and to relate high-dimensional critical ecosystems to glassy phenomena in the low-temperature regime.
description: Updated version with references added. 6 pages, 2 figures