cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Zodiacal light observations and its link with cosmic dust: a review
Creators: name: Lasue, Jeremie
name: Levasseur-Regourd, Anny-Chantal
name: Renard, Jean-Baptiste
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The zodiacal light is a night-glow mostly visible along the plane of the ecliptic. It represents the background radiation associated with solar light scattered by the tenuous flattened interplanetary cloud of dust particles surrounding the Sun and the planets. It is an interesting subject of study, as the source of the micrometeoroids falling on Earth, as a link to the activity of the small bodies of the Solar System, but also as a foreground that veils the low brightness extrasolar astronomical light sources. In this review, we summarize the zodiacal light observations that have been done from the ground and from space in brightness and polarization at various wavelength ranges. Local properties of the interplanetary dust particles in some given locations can be retrieved from the inversion of the zodiacal light integrated along the light-of-sight. We show that the current community consensus favors that the majority of the interplanetary dust particles detected at 1 au originate from the activity of comets. Our current understanding of the interplanetary dust particles properties is then discussed in the context of the recent results from the Rosetta rendezvous space mission with comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko.
description: Accepted for publication in Planetary and Space Science
Semiconductor light source for optical coherence tomography
Creators: name: Webster, Scott Elliott
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an emerging medical imaging technology based on the coherent interference of light. Current use of OCT in clinical settings is limited by the lack of a suitable light source. This thesis describes the design of a new type of source for OCT, based on the GalnNAs semiconductor materials system. A semiconductor heterostructure consisting of several different quantum wells is discussed as a device for generating broadband (>100 nm) light in the near infrared (900-1500 nm). The use of temperature to control spectral shape and intensity is examined. Other aspects of device design are investigated, including models for quantum well emission and for the band gaps of dilute nitride semiconductors. Photoluminescence measurements are presented, providing a proof of principle demonstration of the source design. Emission centred at 1225 nm with a 195 nm bandwidth is achieved. The use of temperature to control inter-well carrier transfer is demonstrated and successfully modelled. Localization effects of nitrogen cluster states are shown to be greatly reduced in quantum well structures, as compared to bulk samples.
The Trigger Algorithm for the Burst Alert Telescope on Swift
Creators: name: Fenimore, E.
name: Palmer, D.
name: Galassi, M.
name: Tavenner, T.
name: Barthelmy, S.
name: Gehrels, N.
name: Parsons, A.
name: Tueller, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) is a huge (5200 cm2) coded aperture imager that will detect gamma-ray bursts in real time and provide a location that the Swift satellite will use to slew the optical and x-ray telescopes. The huge size of BAT is a challenge for the on-board triggering: a change as small as 1% is equivalent to a 1 sigma statistical variation in 1 second. There will be three types of triggers, two based on rates and one based on images. The first type of trigger is for short time scales (4 msec to 64 msec). These will be traditional triggers (single background) and we check about 25,000 combinations of time-energy-focal plane subregions per second. The second type of trigger will be similar to what is used on HETE: fits to multiple background regions to remove trends for time scales between 64 msec and 64 seconds. About 500 triggers will be checked per second. For these rate triggers, false triggers and variable non-GRB sources will be rejected by requiring a new source to be present in an image. The third type of trigger works on longer time scales (minutes), and will be based on routine images that are made of the field of view.
description: 3 pages, no figures, from the "Gamma-Ray Burst and Afterglow Astronomy 2001" confernce, Woodshole, MA, Sept 2001
Renormalized Lindblad Driving: A Numerically-Exact Nonequilibrium Quantum Impurity Solver
Creators: name: Lotem, Matan
name: Weichselbaum, Andreas
name: von Delft, Jan
name: Goldstein, Moshe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The accurate characterization of nonequilibrium strongly-correlated quantum systems has been a longstanding challenge in many-body physics. Notable among them are quantum impurity models, which appear in various nanoelectronic and quantum computing applications. Despite their seeming simplicity, they feature correlated phenomena, including emergent energy scales and non-Fermi-liquid physics, requiring renormalization group treatment. This has typically been at odds with the description of their nonequilibrium steady-state under finite bias, which exposes their nature as open quantum systems. We present a novel numerically-exact method for obtaining the nonequilibrium state of a general quantum impurity coupled to metallic leads at arbitrary voltage or temperature bias, which we call "RL-NESS" (Renormalized Lindblad-driven NonEquilibrium Steady-State). It is based on coherently coupling the impurity to discretized leads which are treated exactly. These leads are furthermore weakly coupled to reservoirs described by Lindblad dynamics which impose voltage or temperature bias. Going beyond previous attempts, we exploit a hybrid discretization scheme for the leads together with Wilson's numerical renormalization group, in order to probe exponentially small energy scales. The steady-state is then found by evolving a matrix-product density operator via real-time Lindblad dynamics, employing a dissipative generalization of the time-dependent density matrix renormalization group. In the long-time limit, this procedure converges to the steady-state at finite bond dimension due to the introduced dissipation, which bounds the growth of entanglement. We test the method against the exact solution of the noninteracting resonant level model. We demonstrate its power using an interacting two-level model, for which it correctly reproduces the known limits, and gives the full $I$-$V$ curve between them.
Probing the light induced dipole-dipole interaction in momentum space
Creators: name: Löw, R.
name: Gati, R.
name: Stuhler, J.
name: Pfau, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically investigate the mechanical effect of the light-induced dipole-dipole interaction potential on the atoms in a Bose-Einstein condensate. We present numerical calculations on the magnitude and shape of the induced potentials for different experimentally accessible geometries. It is shown that the mechanical effect can be distinguished from the effect of incoherent scattering for an experimentally feasible setting.
Additional file 4 of A feasibility study of a WhatsApp-delivered Transtheoretical Model-based intervention to promote healthy eating habits for firefighters in Hong Kong: a cluster randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Ng, Wing Man
name: Cheung, Kin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 4: Record of measurements.
Open Systems out of Equilibrium: Theory and Simulation
Creators: name: Viand, Roya Ebrahimi
name: Höfling, Felix
name: Klein, Rupert
name: Site, Luigi Delle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the theoretical model of Bergmann and Lebowitz for open systems out of equilibrium and translate its principles in the adaptive resolution molecular dynamics technique (AdResS). We simulate Lennard-Jones fluids with open boundaries in a thermal gradient and find excellent agreement of the stationary responses with results obtained from the simulation of a larger, locally forced closed system. The encouraging results pave the way for a computational treatment of open systems far from equilibrium framed in a well-established theoretical model that avoids possible numerical artifacts and physical misinterpretations.
description: page 1-6 main manuscript with 3 figures, page 7-11 supplementary material with 4 figures
Symmetry of the Neutron and Proton Superfluidity Effects in Cooling Neutron Stars
Creators: name: Gusakov, M. E.
name: Kaminker, A. D.
name: Yakovlev, D. G.
name: Gnedin, O. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the combined effect of neutron and proton superfluidities on the cooling of neutron stars whose cores consist of nucleons and electrons. We consider singlet-state pairing of protons and triplet-state pairing of neutrons in the cores of neutron stars. The critical superfluid temperatures T_c are assumed to depend on the density of matter. We study two types of neutron pairing with different components of the total angular momentum of Cooper pairs along the quantization axis (|m_J| =0 or 2). Our calculations are compared with observations of thermal emission from isolated neutron stars. We show that the observations can be interpreted by using two classes of superfluidity models: (1) strong proton superfluidity with a maximum critical temperature in the stellar core T_c^{max} > 4 \times 10^9 K and weak neutron superfluidity of any type (T_c^{max} < 2 \times 10^8 K); (2) strong neutron superfluidity (pairing with |m_J|=0) and weak proton superfluidity. The two types of models reflect an approximate symmetry with respect to an interchange of the critical temperatures of neutron and proton pairing.
description: 20 pages, 8 figures
Controlled extraction from light guides by means of ELE ctrophoretic modulation of total internal reflection
Creators: name: Cheng, Ju-Chieh (Kevin)
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: A prototype of a prism light guide using a new variable extraction technique is discussed. Prism light guides are hollow structures that pipe light by means of total internal reflection (TIR). High efficiency and uniform illumination can be achieved using a uniform extraction technique along the prism light guides. However, the shapes of extractors used for uniform extraction have to be designed specifically for different geometries of conventional light guides. Another limitation of the conventional systems is that the level of extraction along the guides cannot be controlled once the extractors have been built into the light guides. Motivated to generalize the shape of the extractor and to enable the control of the extraction/illumination level along the light guide, a new variable extraction technique has been developed. This extraction technique is based on frustration of TIR, electrophoresis, and photon scattering. A rectangular variable extractor based on the new technique has been made with highly scattering silica particles in a fluorinert suspension contained between two transparent conducting films. By changing the polarity of the electrical potential applied across the conducting films, the charged silica particles can be moved to prevent, or "frustrate," TIR (through interaction with light in the very thin evanescent wave region near the TIR interface inside the light guide) and cause scattering in which light gets extracted, whereas the opposite polarity will not affect TIR. As a result, by changing the strength of the applied potential the level of scattering or extraction can be varied for each extractor independently along the light guide. A Monte Carlo ray tracing analysis of the light guide using the new extraction technique has been performed, and the results are promising. Based on the ray tracing model, a scale prototype of the variable extractor light guide has been constructed. The prototype consists of a prism light guide with a rectangular cross section and eight variable extractors. To test it the light guide was then mounted on a model o f a series of eight offices with two light sources at each end of the guide, such that each extractor controls the illumination level in each office. A simulation algorithm was developed to predict the extraction or illumination level for different settings of the applied potential in each office, and the performance of the actual prototype was compared and agrees with the model prediction. A control algorithm was then programmed to adjust the level of extraction in each office according to the needs of the users, and the algorithm was successfully applied to the actual prototype.
Final Results from phase II of the Mainz Neutrino Mass Search in Tritium $β$ Decay
Creators: name: Kraus, Ch.
name: Bornschein, B.
name: Bornschein, L.
name: Bonn, J.
name: Flatt, B.
name: Kovalik, A.
name: Ostrick, B.
name: Otten, E. W.
name: Schall, J. P.
name: Thümmler, Th.
name: Weinheimer, Ch.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper reports on the improved Mainz experiment on tritum $β$ spectroscopy which yields a 10 times' higher signal to background ratio than before. The main experimental effects and systematic uncertainties have been investigated in side experiments and possible error sources have been eliminated. Extensive data taking took place in the years 1997 to 2001. A residual analysis of the data sets yields for the square of the electron antineutrino mass the final result of $m^2(ν_e)=(-0.6 \pm 2.2_{\rm{stat}} \pm 2.1_{\rm{syst}})$ eV$^2$/c$^4$. We derive an upper limit of $m(ν_e)\leq 2.3$ eV/c$^2$ at 95% confidence level for the mass itself.
description: 22 pages, 22 figures submitted to EPJ C
Additional file 2 of A feasibility study of a WhatsApp-delivered Transtheoretical Model-based intervention to promote healthy eating habits for firefighters in Hong Kong: a cluster randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Ng, Wing Man
name: Cheung, Kin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 2: Informed consent form.
Economic Analysis of Increased Levels of Intramuscular Fat in Pork: Producer and Industry Opportunities
Creators: name: Kliebenstein, James B.
name: Ibarburu, Maro A.
name: Lawrence, John D.
name: Baas, Thomas J.
name: Prusa, Kenneth
name: Hanson, Kathy
name: Fedler, Chris
name: Wilson, Doyle
name: Kliebenstein, James B.
name: Ibarburu, Maro A.
name: Lawrence, John D.
name: Baas, Thomas J.
name: Prusa, Kenneth
name: Hanson, Kathy
name: Fedler, Chris
name: Wilson, Doyle
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Farm Management
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: ultrasound technology
subject: measure intramuscular fat live pigs
subject: pig producer cost
subject: pig processor costs
subject: consumer willingness to pay

description: Ultrasound technology is available for accurately measuring intramuscular fat (IMF) in live pigs. This report provides information on the costs for pig producers and processors to implement this technology and what consumers are willing to pay for pork with improved levels of intramuscular fat. About half the participants in the willingness to pay study preferred the high IMF chop. They paid a premium of 25 percent over the low IMF chop.
Morphology of the coronal line region in active galactic nuclei
Creators: name: Prieto, M. Almudena
name: Marco, Olivier
name: Gallimore, Jack
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new images of the coronal line region, as traced by [Si VII] 2.48 \um, in some of the nearest Seyfert 2 galaxies. In each of these galaxies, the coronal line emission comprises a bright, compact central source and extended emission showing broad alignment along a particular direction, usually coinciding with that defined by the radio emission or the extended narrow line region. The full extent of the coronal line emission ranges from few tens of pc to $\sim$ 150 pc radius from the nucleus and is a factor $\sim 10$ smaller than that seen in the extended, lower-ionization gas. With a spatial resolution of 10 pc or better, the coronal region shows diffuse and filamentary structure in all cases, and it is difficult to see whether it breaks down into discrete blobs as those seen in lower-ionization-lines- or radio- images of comparable resolution. The extent of the coronal line emission is larger than would be predicted by photoionization models, which argues for additional in-situ gas excitation, the most plausible energy source being shock-excitation. Based on observations carried out under ESO / VLT programs 70.B-0409 and 74.B-0404.
description: 5 pages, 2 colour figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS letters
Environmental tests of the HXI spectrometer for the ASO-S mission
Creators: name: Chen, Deng-yi
name: Hu, Yi-ming
name: Zhang, Zhe
name: Zhang, Yan
name: Zhang, Yong-qiang
name: Guo, Jian-hua
name: Huang, Yong-yi
name: Ma, Tao
name: Chang, Jin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The advanced space-based solar observatory (ASO-S) is the first Chinese solar mission which is scheduled to be launched in the end of 2021. It is designed to study the magnetic field, the solar coronal mass ejections the solar flares as well as their relationships. ASO-S includes three scientific payloads, the Full-disk vector MagnetoGraph (FMG), the Lyman-alpha Solar Telescope (LST) and the Hard X-ray Imager (HXI). As a key part on ASO-S, HXI will improve our understanding on the solar flares during the 25th solar maximum. The HXI is composed of three instruments, the collimator (HXI-C), the spectrometer (HXI-S) and the electrical control box (HXI-E). This paper describes the procedure and results of the environmental tests including the mechanical and thermal which were done on the qualification model of the HXI-S. The functional tests of the spectrometer are further carried out, and the results show that the detector could operate normally. 10
description: 10 pages, 10 figures
Relaxor ferroelectricity and colossal magnetocapacitive coupling in ferromagnetic CdCr2S4
Creators: name: Hemberger, J.
name: Lunkenheimer, P.
name: Fichtl, R.
name: von Nidda, H. -A. Krug
name: Tsurkan, V.
name: Loidl, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multiferroic materials, which reveal magnetic and electric order, are in the focus of recent solid state research. Especially the simultaneous occurrence of ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism, combined with an intimate coupling of magnetization and polarization via magneto-capacitive effects, could pave the way for a new generation of electronic devices. Here we present measurements on a simple cubic spinel with unusual properties: It shows ferromagnetic order and simultaneously relaxor ferroelectricity, i.e. a ferroelectric cluster state, reached by a smeared-out phase transition, both with sizable ordering temperatures and moments. Close to the ferromagnetic ordering temperature the magneto-capacitive coupling, characterized by a variation of the dielectric constant in an external magnetic field, reaches colossal values of nearly 500%. We attribute the relaxor properties to geometric frustration, which is well known for magnetic moments, but here is found to impede long-range order of the structural degrees of freedom.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
London dispersion forces without density distortion: a path to first principles inclusion in density functional theory
Creators: name: Kooi, Derk P.
name: Gori-Giorgi, Paola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse a path to construct density functionals for the dispersion interaction energy from an expression in terms of the ground state densities and exchange-correlation holes of the isolated fragments. The expression is based on a constrained search formalism for a supramolecular wavefunction that is forced to leave the diagonal of the many-body density matrix of each fragment unchanged, and is exact for the interaction between one-electron densities. We discuss several aspects: the needed features a density functional approximation for the exchange-correlation holes of the monomers should have, the optimal choice of the one-electron basis needed (named "dispersals"), and the functional derivative with respect to monomer density variations.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
Federal Export Promotion and International Trade of U.S. Red Meats
Creators: name: Halliburton, Karen
name: Henneberry, Shida Rastegari
name: Halliburton, Karen
name: Henneberry, Shida Rastegari
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Cooperator market development program
subject: Targeted export assistance program
subject: Red meat export
subject: Market development
subject: Government export assistance programs for red meats

description: The U.S. government’s export promotion programs for red meats and the U.S. trading situation for red meats are reviewed. The Cooperator Market Development Program (CMDP), Target Export Assistance (TEA), and Market Promotion Programs (MPP) are examined with respect to expenditures for activities and regions. While generic consumer promotions accounted for the largest percentage of funding for activities, more than half of CMDP expenditures and roughly three quarters of TEA/MPP expenditures for red meats between 1986 and 1991 were allocated to Pacific Rim markets. Japan, the largest U.S. export market, received majority of regional funding during the period.
Additional file 3 of A feasibility study of a WhatsApp-delivered Transtheoretical Model-based intervention to promote healthy eating habits for firefighters in Hong Kong: a cluster randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Ng, Wing Man
name: Cheung, Kin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 3: Self-administered questionnaire.
A Comparative Analysis of Regional Production Costs of Fed Beef Produced for the U.S. and Japanese Markets
Creators: name: Sankey, Lee
name: Hayes, Dermot J.
name: Clemens, Roxanne
name: Sankey, Lee
name: Hayes, Dermot J.
name: Clemens, Roxanne
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Cattle production
subject: Cattle feeding
subject: Beef industry location
subject: Competitiveness

description: This study compared and analyzed actual 1989 production costs for representative regional feedlots in the U.S. The results show that grain-surplus regions have lower total costs and poorer feeding efficiencies. The analysis suggests that Iowa has a comparative advantage in producing heavily marbled beef required by the Japanese market. Southwestern states have an advantage in producing leaner beef and stand to benefit if U.S. consumers develop a taste for Select-quality beef.
A constraint on light primordial black holes from the interstellar medium temperature
Creators: name: Kim, Hyungjin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Primordial black holes are a viable dark matter candidate. They decay via Hawking evaporation. Energetic particles from the Hawking radiation interact with interstellar gas, depositing their energy as heat and ionization. For a sufficiently high Hawking temperature, fast electrons produced by black holes deposit a substantial fraction of energy as heat through the Coulomb interaction. Using the dwarf galaxy Leo T, we place an upper bound on the fraction of primordial black hole dark matter. For $M < 5 \times 10^{-17} M_\odot$, our bound is competitive with or stronger than other bounds.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures; discussion extended, minor typos/numerical error corrected, conclusion unchanged, matches the version accepted for publication in MNRAS
Additional file 1 of Global prevalence estimates of three chronic musculoskeletal conditions: club foot, juvenile idiopathic arthritis and juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus
Creators: name: Dave, Mona
name: Rankin, Judith
name: Pearce, Mark
name: Foster, Helen E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figures 4-6. Estimated number of children and young people in 2017 living with clubfoot, JIA or JSLE respectively, within each sub-region. Figure 4. Estimated cases of clubfoot in 2017 by UN sub-region. Figure 5. Estimated cases of JIA in 2017 by UN sub-region. Figure 6. Estimated cases of JSLE in 2017 by UN sub-region. Appendix A - Country list by UN region and sub-region as used in our analysis (2017 data). Appendix B - Prevalence of clubfoot, JIA and JSLE by UN region and sub-region. Table 1. Estimated prevalence of clubfoot, JIA and JSLE by UN region in 2017, sorted in descending order of total population in 2017. Table 2. Estimated prevalence of clubfoot, JIA and JSLE by UN sub-region in 2017, sorted in descending order of total population in 2017. Appendix C - Estimated prevalence of clubfoot, JIA and JSLE by country in 2017, sorted in descending order of total population in 2017.
International Trade Liberalization Impact on the U.S. Peanut Industry
Creators: name: Carley, Dale H.
name: Fletcher, Stanley M.
name: Carley, Dale H.
name: Fletcher, Stanley M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Peanut industry
subject: Peanut production
subject: Peanut consumption
subject: International trade
subject: NAFTA
subject: GATT
subject: Trade liberalization

description: The acceptance of the NAFTA and GATT trade agreements will impact the U.S. peanut industry. This paper examines trade distorting policies and evaluates the effects of trade liberalization on peanut producers, shellers, manufactures, and U.S. consumers of peanut products. Decreasing marketing quotas and support prices are expected to reduce gross income peanut farmers, revenues to local governments, and tax bases in rural communities. Reduced peanut production would impact buyers/shellers through greater price variability and risk, changes in marketing methods and contractual relationships, and increased emphasis on buying high quality peanuts. Manufactures will have additional sources for peanut supplies. Consumers’ savings from decreases in raw peanuts prices are expected to be less than those from switching to lower-priced peanut products.
Landau-gauge condensates from the quark propagator on the lattice
Creators: name: Arriola, Enrique Ruiz
name: Bowman, Patrick Oswald
name: Broniowski, Wojciech
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the dimension-2 condensate, , and the dimension-4 mixed condensate, , from the recent quenched lattice results for the quark propagator in the Landau gauge. We fit the lattice data to the Operator Product Expansion in the "fiducial" region 1.2 GeV < Q < 3 GeV. Our result for the dynamical gluon mass at the scale of 10 GeV^2 is m_A=600-650 MeV, in agreement with independent determinations. For the mixed Landau gauge condensate of dimension-4 we get alpha_s = (-0.11 +/- 0.03) GeV^4. This value is an order of magnitude larger than the gluon condensate.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, references added
Mathematical model of LoRaWAN channel access
Creators: name: Bankov, Dmitry
name: Khorov, Evgeny
name: Lyakhov, Andrey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: While 3GPP has been developing NB-IoT, the market of Low Power Wide Area Networks has been mastered by cheap and simple Sigfox and LoRa/LoRaWAN technologies. Being positioned as having an open standard, LoRaWAN has attracted also much interest from the research community. Specifically, many papers address the efficiency of its PHY layer. However MAC is still underinvestigated. Existing studies of LoRaWAN do not take into account the acknowledgement and retransmission policy, which may lead to incorrect results. In this paper, we carefully take into account the peculiarities of LoRaWAN transmission retries and show that it is the weakest issue of this technology, which significantly increases failure probability for retries. The main contribution of the paper is a mathematical model which accurately estimates how packet error rate depends on the offered load. In contrast to other papers, which evaluate LoRaWAN capacity just as the maximal throughput, our model can be used to find the maximal load, which allows reliable packet delivery.
Additional file 1 of A feasibility study of a WhatsApp-delivered Transtheoretical Model-based intervention to promote healthy eating habits for firefighters in Hong Kong: a cluster randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Ng, Wing Man
name: Cheung, Kin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Information sheet.
Models Of Strange Stars With A Crust And Strange Dwarfs
Creators: name: Vartanyan, Yu. L.
name: Grigoryan, A. K.
name: Sargsyan, T. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strange quark stars with a crust and strange dwarfs consisting of a compact strange quark core and an extended crust are investigated in terms of a bag model. The crust, which consists of atomic nuclei and degenerate electrons, has a limiting density of ro_ cr=ro_drip=4.3*10^11g/cm^3. A series of configurations are calculated for two sets of bag model parameters and three different values of ro_cr (10^9g/cm^3<=ro_cr<=ro_drip) to find the dependence of a star's mass M and radius R on the central density. Sequences of stars ranging from compact strange stars to extended strange dwarfs are constructed out of strange quark matter with a crust. The effect of the bag model parameters and limiting crust density ro_cr on the parameters of the strange stars and strange dwarfs is examined. The strange dwarfs are compared with ordinary white dwarfs and observational differences between the two are pointed out.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures, 4 tables
Electronic Textbook as a Component of Smart Kids Technology of Education of Elementary School Pupils
Creators: name: Lytvynova, Svitlana H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: K.3; K.4
subject: 97Mxx

description: The article sets out to analyze national and foreign experience of use of electronic textbooks in the system of education; to justify the use of Smart Kids technology as a system of methods, forms, and electronic educational game resources, electronic textbooks for educational process in the system of elementary school. Four forms of implementation of Smart Kids technology (Smart Case, Smart Teacher, Smart Class, and Smart Kids) were described con-sidering the facilities of every school as well as the level of information and communication technology qualification of the elementary school teacher. The aim of introduction of the technology for each form of teaching, the necessary equipment, and means for its implementation in elementary school environment were determined. Based on the procedural approach to work of an elementary school teacher, six stages of introduction of the technology were justified. Spe-cific aspects of introduction of blended teaching using the principles of Smart Kids technology were defined. The experience of introduction of electronic textbooks to the system of elementary education of Ukraine was described, the choice of electronic textbooks by elementary school teachers was justified, the comments and suggestions of teachers regarding the arrangement of electronic content in E-textbooks were summarized, the main approaches of teachers to the choice of an electronic textbook and development of their information and communication competence were specified. It was identified that the forms, methods, and techniques of use of electronic textbooks in teaching elementary school pupils require further justification.
description: 16 paper
High resolution electronic spectra of some new transition metal-bearing molecules
Creators: name: Rixon, Scott John
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Spectra of zirconium monocarbide (ZrC), zirconium methylidyne (ZrCH) and lanthanum imide (LaNH) are reported for the first time. All species have been produced under jet-cooled conditions by reaction of gaseous metal atoms with methane or ammonia and examined via laser-induced fluorescence. ZrC has several electronic states below 2500 cm-¹ : Χ³Σ⁺ and three ¹Σ⁺ states, which appear to represent all possible arrangements of two electrons in the nearly degenerate 11σ and 12 σ orbitals (from Zr 5sσ + C 2pσ). For Χ³Σ⁺ (r₀ = 1.807 Å), the small spin-spin constant (λ₀ = 0.514 cm-¹) and large Fermi contact parameter of ⁹¹Zr¹²C (I[sub zr] = 5/2) indicate the configuration (11σ)¹(12σ)¹ . The tightly bound a¹Σ⁺ state (T₀ = 187.83 cm-¹, r₀ = 1.739 Å) has the configuration (11σ)², while anomalous vibrational intervals and ¹²C / ¹³C isotope shifts of the other two states reveal their isosymmetry. This orbital scheme also accounts for the complex structure above 16000 cm-¹; identical, strongly interacting manifolds result from promoting either a electron to the same orbital. ZrCH has a ²П - Χ²Σ⁺ electronic system in the visible region analogous to that seen for isoelectronic ZrN, but they otherwise share little similarity. For Χ²Σ⁺, high-resolution rotational analyses give r 0 bond lengths, while dispersed fluorescence has characterised its vibrational structure. Conversely, many details remain unclear for the excited state. Upper state P = Λ+l+Σ values and Zr isotope shifts have been obtained for many subbands of ZrCH and ZrCD; ¹²C / ¹³C shifts have also been determined for some ZrCH bands. Unexpectedly small values of the spin-orbit constant and Zr-C stretching frequency, and the large Renner- Teller splitting in the 010-000 band are believed to be due to strong vibronic coupling with ²Σ and ²Δ states. The electronic structure of LaNH is similar to isoelectronic LaO, with the added complication of vibronic coupling between the Ã²П and B²Σ⁺ states. This is apparent from anomalies in the B²Σ⁺ - Χ²Σ⁺ hyperfine intensity profiles (I [sub La] = 7/2), the Hund's case (a) coupled B²Σ⁺ (0υ₂0) level structure and the large B²Σ⁺ state bending frequency.
Applying landscape-level principles to koala management in Australia: a comparative analysis
Creators: name: Schlagloth, Rolf
name: Morgan, Edward A.
name: Cadman, Timothy
name: Santamaria, Flavia
name: McGinnis, Gabrielle
name: Thomson, Hedley
name: Kerlin, Douglas H.
name: Maraseni, Tek Narayan
name: Cahir, Fred
name: Clark, Ian D.
name: Clode, Danielle
name: Mcewan, Alexandra
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: We provide a comparative analysis of two koala management plans for populations in two Australian municipalities, based on principles of landscape management: Ballarat (Victoria) and Bellingen (New South Wales). A landscape-based approach is required to protect the species, but evaluation of landscape management is limited. We present an assessment framework for evaluating local koala management plans. The plans are evaluated against a common set of principles and criteria, despite very different approaches stemming from context-specific factors. Interestingly, despite a variation in the number of indicators in the plans, the overall results of the evaluation demonstrate a similar level of performance against the criteria, and common strengths and weaknesses. In the absence of consistent standards for the protection of the koala across Australia, the species will continue to decline, and management practices will fail to protect the koala from extinction, as is currently predicted.
A Comparative Study of Gamma Markov Chains for Temporal Non-Negative Matrix Factorization
Creators: name: Filstroff, Louis
name: Gouvert, Olivier
name: Févotte, Cédric
name: Cappé, Olivier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) has become a well-established class of methods for the analysis of non-negative data. In particular, a lot of effort has been devoted to probabilistic NMF, namely estimation or inference tasks in probabilistic models describing the data, based for example on Poisson or exponential likelihoods. When dealing with time series data, several works have proposed to model the evolution of the activation coefficients as a non-negative Markov chain, most of the time in relation with the Gamma distribution, giving rise to so-called temporal NMF models. In this paper, we review four Gamma Markov chains of the NMF literature, and show that they all share the same drawback: the absence of a well-defined stationary distribution. We then introduce a fifth process, an overlooked model of the time series literature named BGAR(1), which overcomes this limitation. These temporal NMF models are then compared in a MAP framework on a prediction task, in the context of the Poisson likelihood.
description: Code available at https://github.com/lfilstro/TemporalNMF
XMM-Newton EPIC observations of the ultraluminous X-ray source NGC 5204 X-1
Creators: name: Roberts, T. P.
name: Warwick, R. S.
name: Ward, M. J.
name: Goad, M. R.
name: Jenkins, L. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of two XMM-Newton observations of the ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) NGC 5204 X-1. The EPIC spectra are well-fit by the standard spectral model of a black-hole X-ray binary, comprising a soft multi-colour disc blackbody component plus a harder power-law continuum. The cool (kT_in ~ 0.2 keV) inner-disc temperature required by this model favours the presence of an intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) in this system, though we highlight a possible anomaly in the slope of the power-law continuum in such fits. We discuss the interpretation of this and other, non-standard spectral modelling of the data.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS [version including full resolution Figure 1 available from http://www.star.le.ac.uk/~tro/papers/n5204_xmm.pdf]
Mapping Conductance and Switching Behavior of Graphene Devices In Situ
Creators: name: Dyck, Ondrej
name: Swett, Jacob L.
name: Evangeli, Charalambos
name: Lupini, Andrew R.
name: Mol, Jan A.
name: Jesse, Stephen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Graphene has been proposed for use in various nanodevice designs, many of which harness emergent quantum properties for device functionality. However, visualization, measurement, and manipulation become non-trivial at nanometer and atomic scales, representing a significant challenge for device fabrication, characterization, and optimization at length scales where quantum effects emerge. Here, we present proof of principle results at the crossroads between 2D nanoelectronic devices, e-beam-induced modulation, and imaging with secondary electron e-beam induced currents (SEEBIC). We introduce a device platform compatible with scanning transmission electron microscopy investigations. We then show how the SEEBIC imaging technique can be used to visualize conductance and connectivity in single layer graphene nanodevices, even while supported on a thicker substrate (conditions under which conventional imaging fails). Finally, we show that the SEEBIC imaging technique can detect subtle differences in charge transport through time in non-ohmic graphene nanoconstrictions indicating the potential to reveal dynamic electronic processes.
description: 25 pages, 15 figures
Breaking carbon lock-in: the role of green financial inclusion for China
Creators: name: Zhao, Congyu
name: Taghizadeh-Hesary, Farhad
name: Dong, Kangyin
name: Dong, Xiucheng
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: This article evaluates the composite index of carbon lock-in (CLI), and then examines whether green financial inclusion (GFI) can help to explain the pace of CLI in 283 Chinese cities for the period 2010–2017. We also conduct four heterogeneous analyses, and detect the asymmetric, threshold, and mediating effects in the GFI-CLI nexus. The primary findings reveal that: (1) GFI plays a significant role in CLI abatement; (2) the restraining effect of GFI on CLI is more significant in eastern China, first-tier cities, non-resource-based cities, and capital cities; (3) GFI shows an asymmetric correlation with CLI at various quantiles. Moreover, internet penetration would enhance such a negative relationship; (4) GFI has an indirect acceleration effect of eliminating CLI through the channels of innovation, government support, and development of the digital economy. Following the above findings, we propose some suggestions related to climate change mitigation and GFI evolution.
Unveiling the power spectra of $δ$ Scuti stars with TESS. The temperature, gravity, and frequency scaling relation
Creators: name: Forteza, S. Barceló
name: Moya, A.
name: Barrado, D.
name: Solano, E.
name: Martín-Ruiz, S.
name: Suárez, J. C.
name: Hernández, A. García
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thanks to high-precision photometric data legacy from space telescopes like CoRoT and Kepler, the scientific community could detect and characterize the power spectra of hundreds of thousands of stars. Using the scaling relations, it is possible to estimate masses and radii for solar-type pulsators. However, these stars are not the only kind of stellar objects that follow these rules: $δ$ Scuti stars seem to be characterized with seismic indexes such as the large separation ($Δν$). Thanks to long-duration high-cadence TESS light curves, we analysed more than two thousand of this kind of classical pulsators. In that way, we propose the frequency at maximum power ($ν_{\rm max}$) as a proper seismic index since it is directly related with the intrinsic temperature, mass and radius of the star. This parameter seems not to be affected by rotation, inclination, extinction or resonances, with the exception of the evolution of the stellar parameters. Furthermore, we can constrain rotation and inclination using the departure of temperature produced by the gravity-darkening effect. This is especially feasible for fast rotators as most of $δ$ Scuti stars seem to be.
description: 12 pages, 13 figures, accepted in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Economic Significance of Peanut Production and Income to Georgia Farms, Rural Communities
Creators: name: Shurley, W. Donald
name: Shurley, W. Donald
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Peanuts
subject: Peanut programs
subject: Production cost
subject: Farm price supports
subject: Production quotas
subject: Georgia farm income

description: Peanuts accounted for 34 percent of Georgia’s crop income and 13 percent of the State’s total farm income in 1992. The total economic impact of peanut production to the Georgia economy is $1.16 billion annually. Per acre, peanuts provide 2.8 times the debt serving capacity of cotton, 6.1 times that of soybeans and 16.4 times that of corn. The peanut price support and quota program adds economic stability to local economies. The value of peanut quota adds an estimated $48 million to Georgia farmland values, which provides collateral for agricultural lenders. A reduction in peanut prices would adversely reduce farm income and cash-flow, quota values, land values, and the real estate tax base of rural communities. Adverse changes may not alter the comparative advantage of peanuts in Georgia but would result in fewer but larger peanut-producing farms.