cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Plasma waves reflection from a boundary with specular accommodative boundary conditions
Creators: name: Gritsienko, N. V.
name: Latyshev, A. V.
name: Yushkanov, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 82D10; 76D33

description: In the present work the linearized problem of plasma wave reflection from a boundary of a half--space is solved analytically. Specular accommodative conditions of plasma wave reflection from plasma boundary are taken into consideration. Wave reflectance is found as function of the given parameters of the problem, and its dependence on the normal electron momentum accommodation coefficient is shown by the authors. The case of resonance when the frequency of self-consistent electric field oscillations is close to the proper (Langmuir) plasma oscillations frequency, namely, the case of long wave limit is analyzed. Refs. 17. Figs. 6.
description: 24 pages, 6 figures
Site 502: Colombia Basin, Western Caribbean
Creators: name: Prell, Warren L.
name: Gardner, James V.
name: Adelseck, Charles
name: Blechschmidt, Gretchen
name: Fleet, Andrew
name: Keigwin, Lloyd
name: Kent, Dennis V.
name: Ledbetter, Michael T.
name: Mann, Ulrich
name: Mayer, Larry A.
name: Riedel, William R.
name: Sancetta, Constance
name: Spariosu, Dann J.
name: Zimmerman, Herman B.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1982
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Geology, Stratigraphic

description: Our specific objective at Site 502 was to recover an undisturbed, complete section that could be used as a Neogene and Quaternary reference section. A complete record such as this would allow intercorrelations between (1) paleomagnetic stratigraphy, (2) calcareous biostratigraphy, (3) cyclic accumulation of sediment, (4) paleoceanographic changes, (5) oxygen and carbon isotope stratigraphies, (6) the chronology of Central American volcanism, (7) the timing and effects of the emergence of the Isthmus of Panama, and (8) the timing and effects of the initiation of Northern Hemisphere glaciation.
title: The Relative Effectiveness of Audio-Taped Relaxation and Live-Therapist Presented Relaxation in Terms of Physiological Parameters
Creators: name: Quayle, Cris M.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1979

description: In order to assess the relative efficacy of audio-taped relaxation as compared to live-therapist induced relaxation, 80 volunteer subjects were randomly assigned to one of the following eight groups: (1) live-therapist (male) contingent, (2) live-therapist (male) non-contingent, (3) taped contingent (male), (4) taped non-contingent (male), (5) live-therapist (female) contingent, (6) live-therapist (female) non-contingent, (7) taped (female) contingent, and (8) taped (female) non-contingent. The subjects were exposed to treatment conditions for five sessions during which they received a relaxation sequence via either a live-therapist or audio-taped format in a contingent or non-contingent (subject controlled pace or non-subject controlled pace, respectively) progression. The subjects were monitored with an EMG and Skin Temperature device for 10 minutes following the relaxation sequence. Following the relaxation sequence, each subject was administered a subjective relaxation scale. The first session data were compared to the last session data via a 4 way ANOVA at a .05 alpha level.
The analysis of variance indicated that all groups on all of the dependent variables became more relaxed (EMG reduction and skin temperature increase) from pre to post period monitorings. On the variables of EMG and skin temperature, the live-therapist and contingent progression groups produced greater relaxation than did the taped and non-contingent groups. The combination of live-therapist and contingent progression proved to be the most effective in reducing EMG and increasing peripheral skin temperature. (Both indications of relaxation.) All the treatment groups responded similarly on verbal report with the live-therapist contingent and taped-therapist non-contingent groups decreasing most on the verbally reported subjective scale. Implications for the use of live and taped-therapist presentations along with contingent progression formats were discussed.
Magnetostratigraphy of a Lower-Middle Triassic boundary section from Chios (Greece)
Creators: name: Muttoni, Giovanni
name: Kent, Dennis V.
name: Gaetani, Maurizio
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Geology, Stratigraphic

description: The Marmarotrapeza Formation at Chios Island (northern Aegean Sea, Greece) is renowned for its Lower-Middle Triassic boundary sections in a marine Tethyan setting. Two sections have been sampled bed by bed to develop a magnetostratigraphic framework for the ammonoid and conodont biostratigraphy. The boundary sections occur within a lower normal (A+)-reverse (B−)-upper normal (C+) polarity sequence. The Lower-Middle Triassic boundary, placed at the first occurrence of the ammonoid genera Aegeiceras ugra Diener, Paracrochordiceras spp., Paradanubites depressus Fantini Sestini and Japonites sp., and close to the first appearance of the conodont species Gondolella timorensis Nogami, occurs in normal polarity zone Chios C+. The overall mean direction of the reversal-bearing characteristic component, whose early acquisition is suggested by a tilt test, is D = 271.2°, I = 33.2° (α95 = 11.7°, k = 112.5, N = 3). The inferred paleolatitude of the sampling sites is about 18°N, consistent with either an African or stable European affinity, although the declinations suggest large-scale counter-clockwise rotations with respect to Africa or stable Europe since the Early-Middle Triassic.
title: The Effects of the Physical Attractiveness Stereotype on Therapists' Perceptions of Clients
Creators: name: Larsen, Todd S.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1979

description: The purpose of the present study was two-fold: (1) to determine whether the ratings a client receives on measures of likeableness, psychological effectiveness, and prognostic outcome differ as a result of the client's perceived level of physical attractiveness (high or low) and, (2) to determine whether the level of professional training in clinical/counseling psychology possessed by the raters mediates these effects.
To achieve these purposes, four groups of subjects (varying in level of training in clinical/counseling psychology) listened to the same 12-minute audio-tape excerpt of an actual initial interview with a client. Half the subjects in each group viewed a photograph of a woman previously determined to be of a high physical attractiveness level and half the subjects in each group viewed a photograph of a woman previously determined to be low in physical attractiveness level. The subjects were told that the photograph was of the client to whom they were listening. Following the presentation of these stimulus materials, the subjects responded to questionnaires designed to determine the subjects' perceptions of the client's likeableness, psychological effectiveness, and prognosis.
Analysis of variance techniques were used for statistical comparisons of the data. The results showed: (1) the physical attractiveness level of the client (high or low) resulted in no systematic biasing of the subjects' judgements of the client's likeableness, psychological effectiveness, or prognosis, and (2) the four groups (representing different levels of training in counseling/ clinical psychology) did not differ significantly from one another in the ratings they gave the client. Therefore, the results of the present study did not support previous research on this topic. Possible implications of the findings of the present study, with consideration of the apparent contradiction with earlier research and suggestions for further investigation of this topic are discussed.
Post-depositional Remanent Magnetisation in Deep-sea Sediment
Creators: name: Kent, Dennis V.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1973
Subjects: Geology, Stratigraphic

description: Sediments of various lithologies cored from most parts of the deep ocean floor have been found to contain a record of the past behaviour of the Earth's magnetic field, especially the sequence of reversals over at least the past 5 m.y. (ref. 1). The mechanism by which these sediments acquired their natural remanent magnetism (NRM) is, however, still poorly understood. We have recently conducted experiments that indicate that post-depositional remanent magnetisation (ref. 2) is a viable mechanism of magnetisation of deep-sea sediments.
Gluon-Glueball Duality and Glueball Searches
Creators: name: Nussinov, Shmuel
name: Shrock, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a notion of gluon-glueball duality analogous to quark-hadron duality. We apply this idea to the radiative decay of heavy orthoquarkonium, $Q\bar Q \to γg g$, which has been used to search for glueballs. The duality is first introduced in two simplified contexts: (i) a hypothetical version of QCD without any light quarks and (ii) QCD in the large-$N_c$ limit. We then discuss how an approximate form of this duality could hold in real QCD, based on a hierarchy of time scales in the temporal evolution of the $gg$ subsystem in radiative orthoquarkonium decay. We apply this notion of gluon-glueball duality to suggest a method that could be useful in experimental searches for glueballs.
description: 10 pages, latex
Additional file 2 of Prognostic value of a novel biomarker combining DNA ploidy and tumor burden score for initially resectable liver metastases from patients with colorectal cancer
Creators: name: Peng, Jianhong
name: Li, Weihao
name: Fan, Wenhua
name: Zhang, Rongxin
name: Li, Xinyue
name: Xiao, Binyi
name: Dong, Yuejin
name: Wan, Desen
name: Pan, Zhizhong
name: Lin, Junzhong
name: Wu, Xiaojun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 2: Table S1. The association of the DNA ploidy, stroma fraction and nucleotyping ofliver metastases and the clinicopathological features.
Fecal Contamination of Shallow Tubewells in Bangladesh Inversely Related to Arsenic
Creators: name: Van Geen, Alexander
name: Ahmed, Kazi Matin
name: Akita, Yasuyuki
name: Alam, Md. Jahangir
name: Culligan, Patricia J.
name: Emch, Michael
name: Escamilla, Veronica
name: Feighery, John
name: Ferguson, Andrew S.
name: Knappett, Peter
name: Layton, Alice C.
name: Mailloux, Brian J.
name: McKay, Larry D.
name: Mey IV, Jacob L.
name: Serre, Marc L.
name: Streatfield, P. Kim
name: Wu, Jianyong
name: Yunus, Mohammad
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Environmental sciences
Public health
Wells
Drinking water--Arsenic content
Drinking water--Contamination

description: The health risks of As exposure due to the installation of millions of shallow tubewells in the Bengal Basin are known, but fecal contamination of shallow aquifers has not systematically been examined. This could be a source of concern in densely populated areas with poor sanitation because the hydraulic travel time from surface water bodies to shallow wells that are low in As was previously shown to be considerably shorter than for shallow wells that are high in As. In this study, 125 tubewells 6-36 m deep were sampled in duplicate for 18 months to quantify the presence of the fecal indicator Escherichia coli. On any given month, E. coli was detected at levels exceeding 1 most probable number per 100 mL in 19-64% of all shallow tubewells, with a higher proportion typically following periods of heavy rainfall. The frequency of E. coli detection averaged over a year was found to increase with population surrounding a well and decrease with the As content of a well, most likely because of downward transport of E. coli associated with local recharge. The health implications of higher fecal contamination of shallow tubewells, to which millions of households in Bangladesh have switched in order to reduce their exposure to As, need to be evaluated.
title: An Investigation of the Influence of Cooperating Teachers on the Educational Goal Ranking Behavior of Student Teachers
Creators: name: Jones, Susan Myrna
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1979

description: The purpose of the study was to identify the effects of the influence of cooperating teachers on how student teachers prioritize particular goals of education. This was accomplished by administering a predetermined list of eighteen educational goals to a group of student teachers prior and subsequent to their quarter-long student teaching experience, and to their respective cooperating teachers during their student teaching quarter. The list enabled the teacher groups to rank the goals in order of priority. In this way the cooperating teachers' goal rankings were compared to both the student teachers' pre and post student teaching goal rankings.
Twenty-three student teachers and their respective cooperating teachers in secondary and special education served as subjects. The Phi Delta Kappa Goal Setting Instrument was used as the goals list in the study. The questions explored were: 1) are there differences between the relative importance as signed to selected educational goals by student teachers prior to the student teaching experience and the relative importance assigned to the same goals by the cooperating teachers; 2) are there differences in the relative importance assigned to selected educational goals by student teachers before their student teaching experience as compared to their assigned rankings after their student teaching experience; and 3) is there a relationship between any changes in the relative importance assigned by the student teachers prior and subsequent to the student teaching experience and the relative importance assigned by the cooperating teachers. To test the hypotheses under investigation, eighteen one-way analyses of variance with repeated measures were computed. Significant F ratios were found for two of the eighteen goals; the remaining F ratios were not statistically significant.
The results suggest some tentative support for student teachers' goal prioritizations of two goals changing after the student teaching experience. Some tentative support was also suggested on these two goals for the student teachers' goal prioritizations changing after the student teaching experience to become more similar to the cooperating teacher' s goal prioritizations. However, the lack of significant change in sixteen of the eighteen goals more strongly suggested that the influence of a) the experience of the student teaching activity and b) the cooperating teachers' own goals prioritization biases upon the student teachers did not markedly affect student teacher goal prioritization behavior. The possibilities that the teacher groups had initial general agreement on goal priorities, that the goals may represent stable educational values, and that instrumentation concerns may have affected the results were then discussed.
Human migration into Europe during the late Early Pleistocene climate transition
Creators: name: Muttoni, Giovanni
name: Scardia, Giancarlo
name: Kent, Dennis V.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Paleoclimatology

description: A critical assesment of the available magnetostratigraphic and/or radiometric age constraints on key sites bearing hominin remains and/or lithic industries from southern Europe (Italy, France, Spain) leads us to propose that the main window of early hominin presence in southern Europe is broadly comprised between the Jaramillo subchron and the Brunhes–Matuyama boundary (i.e., subchron C1r.1r, 0.99–0.78 Ma). Within the dating uncertainties, this ~ 200 ky time window broadly coincides with the late Early Pleistocene global climate transition that contains marine isotope stage (MIS) 22 (~ 0.87 Ma), the first prominent cold stage of the Pleistocene. We suggest that aridification in North Africa and Eastern Europe, particularly harsh during MIS 22 times, triggered migration pulses of large herbivores, particularly elephants, from these regions into southern European refugia, and that hominins migrated with them. Finally, we speculate on common pathways of late Early Pleistocene dispersal of elephants and hominins from their home in savannah Africa to southern Europe, elephant and hominin buen retiro. In particular, we stress the importance of the Po Valley of northern Italy that became largely and permanently exposed only since MIS 22, thus allowing possibly for the first time in the Pleistocene viable new migration routes for large mammals and hominins across northern Italy to southern France and Spain in the west.
Integrative Acoustic Mapping Reveals Hudson River Sediment Processes and Habitats
Creators: name: Nitsche, Frank Oliver
name: Bell, Robin E.
name: Slagle, Angela L.
name: Ryan, William B. F.
name: Carbotte, Suzanne M.
name: Chillrud, Steven N.
name: Kenna, Timothy C.
name: Ferrini, Vicki Lynn
name: Flood, Roger D.
name: Cerrato, Robert M.
name: McHugh, Cecilia M.
name: Strayer, David L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Submarine geology
subject: Geophysics

description: Rivers and estuaries around the world are the focus of human settlements and activities. Needs for clean water, ecosystem preservation, commercial navigation, industrial development, and recreational access compete for the use of estuaries, and management of these resources requires a detailed understanding of estuarine morphology and sediment dynamics. This article presents an overview of the first estuary-wide study of a heavily used estuary, the Hudson River, based on high-resolution acoustic mapping of the river bottom. The integration of three high-resolution acoustic methods with extensive sampling reveals an unexpected complexity of bottom features and allows detailed classification of the benthic environment in terms of riverbed morphology, sediment type, and sedimentary processes.
title: The Effect of Family Sculpting on Perceptual Agreement Among Family Members
Creators: name: Jessen, John Bruce
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1979

description: The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of family sculpting on perceptual agreement among family members.
Thirty families, each consisting of a father, a mother, and a child twelve years old or older, from areas of northern Utah and eastern Idaho participated in the study. The following instruments were administered to all individuals: a biographical questionnaire containing items regarding age, sex, occupation, education, number of years married for parents, and birth order position for children; the Interpersonal Check List in which each family was to describe him/herself and the other members of the family; the Family Life Questionnaire which measures satisfaction in the family; and, finally, the experimental group was also administered the Subjective Check List which is a self report measure of the subject's experience with the experimental treatment.
Three hypotheses were made regarding the effect that family sculpting would have on perceptual agreement among family members in the experimental groups:

There would be no significant difference between experimental and control groups in terms of perceptual agreement among family members after family sculpting as measured by the Interpersonal Check List.

There would be no significant difference between the low-satisfaction experimental qroup and the control group in terms of perceptual agreement among family members after family sculpting as measured by the Interpersonal Check List.

There would be no significant difference between the high-satisfaction experimental group and the control group in terms of perceptual agreement among family members after family sculpting as measured by the Interpersonal Check List.

To test the hypotheses, analyses of covariance were computed for pre and posttest scores on all eight scales of the Interpersonal Check List, and on the Family Life Questionnaire.
It was found that when the pretest means were held constant there was a difference on posttest means between .the group which received family sculpting and the group that did not, on five of the twenty-four analyses. As a result of these findings all three hypotheses were rejected. However, notwithstanding a difference did exist, an examination of the unadjusted and adjusted means showed paradoxical results in that the level of perceptual agreement for the group which received family sculpting increased in three instances and decreased in two instances. Thus, it was determined that family sculpting may have facilitated changes in the perceptions of family members, however, it was not found to be effective in increasing perceptual agreement among family members . Further consideration would suggest that, in terms of a therapeutic approach, these possible changes in perception may be of value in breaking down maladaptive family communication patterns and establishing more adaptive ones.
First-Principles Study of Substitutional Metal Impurities in Graphene: Structural, Electronic and Magnetic Properties
Creators: name: Santos, Elton J. G.
name: Ayuela, Andres
name: Sanchez-Portal, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theoretical study using density functional calculations of the structural, electronic and magnetic properties of 3d transition metal, noble metal and Zn atoms interacting with carbon monovacancies in graphene. We pay special attention to the electronic and magnetic properties of these substitutional impurities and found that they can be fully understood using a simple model based on the hybridization between the states of the metal atom, particularly the d shell, and the defect levels associated with an unreconstructed D3h carbon vacancy. We identify three different regimes associated with the occupation of different carbon-metal hybridized electronic levels: (i) bonding states are completely filled for Sc and Ti, and these impurities are non-magnetic; (ii) the non-bonding d shell is partially occupied for V, Cr and Mn and, correspondingly, these impurties present large and localized spin moments; (iii) antibonding states with increasing carbon character are progressively filled for Co, Ni, the noble metals and Zn. The spin moments of these impurities oscillate between 0 and 1 Bohr magnetons and are increasingly delocalized. The substitutional Zn suffers a Jahn-Teller-like distortion from the C3v symmetry and, as a consequence, has a zero spin moment. Fe occupies a distinct position at the border between regimes (ii) and (iii) and shows a more complex behavior: while is non-magnetic at the level of GGA calculations, its spin moment can be switched on using GGA+U calculations with moderate values of the U parameter.
description: 13 figures, 4 tables. Submitted to Phys. Rev. B on September 26th, 2009
Central mass and luminosity of Milky Way satellites in the LCDM model
Creators: name: Maccio', Andrea V.
name: Kang, Xi
name: Moore, Ben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been pointed out that the Galactic satellites all have a common mass around 1e7 Msun within 300 pc (M03), while they span almost four order of magnitudes in luminosity (Mateo et al. 1993, Strigari et al. 2008). It is argued that this may reflect a specific scale for galaxy formation or a scale for dark matter clustering. Here we use numerical simulations coupled with a semi-analytic model for galaxy formation, to predict the central mass and luminosity of galactic satellites in the LCDM model. We show that this common mass scale can be explained within the Cold Dark Matter scenario when the physics of galaxy formation is taken into account. The narrow range of M03 comes from the narrow distribution of circular velocities at time of accretion (peaking around 20 km/s) for satellites able to form stars and the not tight correlation between halo concentration and circular velocity. The wide range of satellite luminosities is due to a combination of the mass at time of accretion and the broad distribution of accretion redshifts for a given mass. This causes the satellites baryonic content to be suppressed by photo-ionization to very different extents. Our results favor the argument that the common mass M03 reflects a specific scale (circular velocity ~ 20 km/s) for star formation.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures. References added, discussion enlarged, new version of Figure 3. Minor changes to match the version accepted for publication on ApJ Letters
title: The Effectiveness of a Comprehensive Peer Counseling Program on Academic Adjustment
Creators: name: Graybill, Bevan Todd
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1979

description: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a peer counseling program in improving undergraduate students' academic adjustment. Six upperclassmen were carefully selected and systematically trained in the use of a study skills instruction program and certain supportive, therapeutic techniques. These six served as peer counselors. The peer counseling program provided individualized study skills instruction, informal personal/motivational counseling, and general educational information and advising for volunteer students in academic difficulty.
Twenty-one volunteer students each completed a minimum of four sessions with a peer counselor. The first objective of the study was to determine if the students who participated in the peer counseling program improved in their study skills and attitudes. A t-test for correlated means was used to analyze differences in the pretest and posttest means of the Survey of Study Habits and Attitudes and the Effective Study Test. The second objective of the study was to determine if students who participated in the peer counseling program made a better academic adjustment to college than a matched group of students who did not participate in the program. Three measures of academic adjustment were examined. First, grade point average for the quarter following participation for the treatment and control groups was compared using a t-test for correlated means. Secondly, the proportion of students who dropped in academic standing during the quarter following participation in the treatment group was compared with the proportion of students who dropped in academic standing in the control group by means of the sign test. Finally, the proportion of students who dropped out of school the quarter following participation and two quarters after participation in the treatment group was compared with the proportion of students in the control group who dropped out of school at corresponding times by utilizing the Cochran Q test.
The peer counseling program was effective in improving the study skills and attitudes of students in academic difficulty. The 21 students showed a mean improvement of approximately one standard deviation from the pretest to the posttest on the Survey of Study Habits and Attitudes and on the Effective Study Test. No significant difference was found between students who participated in the program and a matched group who did not participate on grade point average, academic standing, or dropout rate. It was recommended that further research utilize a experimental design with random assignment of students to the two groups and examine the impact that the program has on the individual peer counselors.
Physiological responses of bluethroat wrasse, Notolabrus tetricus, horseshoe leatherjacket, Meuschenia hippocrepis and greenback flounder, Rhombosolea tapirina, to low temperature transport
Creators: name: Findlay, JD
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: The study reviewed the techniques used in the global trade of live fish. Based on this review and field and laboratory experiments, methods were identified to improve the survival of bluethroat wrasse, Notolabrus tetricus, horseshoe leatherjacket, Meuschenia hippocrepis and greenback flounder, Rhombosolea tapirina, during capture, holding and transport. Investigation of the physiological responses of fish exposed to lowered temperatures was a central theme including description of cold thermal tolerance and the effects of lowered temperature on oxygen consumption. The Critical Thermal Minima and Incipient Lethal Temperature were determined for bluethroat wrasse and greenback flounder. Greenback flounder exhibited remarkable thermal tolerance with a TL 50(24hr) of 2.3¬¨‚àûC (acclimation temperature 15 ¬¨‚àûC). A flow-through respirometer was used to measure oxygen consumption. Bluethroat wrasse exhibited 20% greater oxygen consumption than greenback flounder under normoxic conditions. In both species, a reduction in temperature of 10¬¨‚àûC more than halved the oxygen consumption as predicted by typical biological Q1o values. Greenback flounder maintained or increased oxygen consumption during graded hypoxia (i.e. a non-conformer) and exhibited a critical oxygen tension of less than 25% oxygen in air-saturated seawater. Oxygen consumption of bluethroat wrasse decreased during graded hypoxia (i.e. a conformer) but no significant increase in blood lactate concentration was observed. Lowered temperatures induced and maintained coma in horseshoe leatherjackets and bluethroat wrasse, however mean coma-inducing temperatures were generally <0.5¬¨‚àûC higher than the TL50. The induction of coma in bluethroat wrasse did not significantly reduce oxygen consumption beyond the level predicted by temperature alone and did not result in a significant increase in blood lactate. The risk of exceeding thermal tolerance when applying coma-inducing temperatures needs to be carefully assessed before use. Feeding history had a marked impact on thermal tolerance. Greenback flounder deprived of food for 72hr exhibited greater than 90% survival when exposed to temperatures of 3¬¨‚àûC whereas fish deprived of food for only 24hr exhibited less than 10% survival at the same low temperature. The magnitude of specific dynamic action (SDA) in greenback flounder was 1.88 times higher than the routine rate of oxygen consumption and total duration was 52hr at 15¬¨‚àûC. Oxygen extraction by bluethroat wrasse was significantly reduced during lowered temperature and hypoxia. The ventilation rate and ventilation stroke volume of bluethroat wrasse generally decreased with lowered temperature and afferent oxygen tension. The study demonstrated that food deprivation and temperature reduction are powerful tools to improve the survival of fish during transport.
The post-Minkowskian limit of f(R)-gravity
Creators: name: Capozziello, S.
name: Stabile, A.
name: Troisi, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We formally discuss the post-Minkowskian limit of $f(R)$-gravity without adopting conformal transformations but developing all the calculations in the original Jordan frame. It is shown that such an approach gives rise, in general, together with the standard massless graviton, to massive scalar modes whose masses are directly related to the analytic parameters of the theory. In this sense, the presence of massless gravitons only is a peculiar feature of General Relativity. This fact is never stressed enough and could have dramatic consequences in detection of gravitational waves. Finally the role of curvature stress-energy tensor of $f(R)$-gravity is discussed showing that it generalizes the so called Landau-Lifshitz tensor of General Relativity. The further degrees of freedom, giving rise to the massive modes, are directly related to the structure of such a tensor.
description: 9 pages
Additional file 2 of Taxonomic status of grey-headed Yellow Wagtails breeding in western China
Creators: name: Hellquist, Alexander
name: Friberg, Fredrik
name: Haldén, Petter
name: Schmidt, Peter
name: Ma, Ming
name: Jun, Gou
name: Olsson, Urban
name: Alström, Per
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 2: Table S1. Data on photos in Figure S1–S67.
Intracluster Planetary Nebulae in the Hydra I cluster
Creators: name: Ventimiglia, Giulia
name: Arnaboldi, Magda
name: Gerhard, Ortwin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the Multislit Imaging Spectroscopy (MSIS) technique at the FORS2 spectrograph on VLT-UT1, we have identified 60 Intracluster Planetary Nebula (ICPN) candidates associated with the Intracluster Light (ICL) in the central region of the Hydra I cluster. Hydra I is a medium compact, relatively near (~50 Mpc), rich cluster in the southern hemisphere. Here we describe the criteria used to select emission sources and present the evidence for these PN candidates to be associated with the ICL in the Hydra I cluster. We also show, using the luminosity-specific planetary nebulae number, the alpha parameter, that the expected number of PNs associated with the stellar population of the central cD galaxy NGC 3311 in the cluster is close to the number of PNs detected.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures. Refereed proceeding of the "Galactic and Stellar Dynamics 2008" conference, Ed. C.M. Boily
Climatic, Tectonic, and Biotic Evolution in Continental Cores: Colorado Plateau Coring Project Workshop; St. George, Utah, 13-16 November 2007
Creators: name: Olsen, Paul E.
name: Kent, Dennis V.
name: Geissman, John W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: A workshop was convened in St. George, Utah, to advance planning for the Colorado Plateau Coring Project (CPCP). The vast continental basins of the southwestern United States, particularly well exposed on the Colorado Plateau and its environs, contain one of the richest stratigraphic records of early Mesozoic age (between roughly 145 and 250 million years ago). This time period was punctuated by two of the major mass extinctions in the past 550 million years and witnessed the evolutionary appearance of the modern biota and dramatic climate changes on the continents. Since the mid-nineteenth century, classic studies of these basins, their strata, and their fossils have made this sequence instrumental in framing our context for the early Mesozoic world. Nonetheless, striking ambiguities in temporal resolution, uncertainties in global correlations with other early Mesozoic strata, and major doubts about latitudinal position still hamper testing of the major competing climatic, biotic, and tectonic hypotheses.
Design of a capillary artificial kidney
Creators: name: Davis, Harold Robert
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: An engineering study was made of an artificial kidney— one of the major components used in the treatment of patients suffering from chronic uremia. As the capillary artificial kidney offered the most advantages over other systems, an analysis of the mass transfer and blood flow characteristics of this configuration was attempted with the view towards optimization. It was determined theoretically and verified experimentally that a Newtonian fluid mass transfer analysis is a good approximation even though blood, the fluid dialyzed in the artificial kidney, is non-Newtonian. Measurements taken from a patient undergoing hemodialysis indicated that steady-state conditions for mass transfer can also be assumed. From the mass transfer analysis for a single capillary, the characteristics of a composite dialyzer were determined in terms of certain physiological parameters. The system was optimized by maximizing the mass transfer efficiency with respect to the membrane area. The analysis predicted the best capillary diameter in terms of the operating parameters. It was found that the optimized system had a constant mass transfer efficiency of approximately 70 percent for most operating conditions. A manifold system which would distribute blood to the capillaries uniformly and which would have no regions of stagnation or turbulence was devised. The manifold had a capillary outflow region of rectangular dimensions which was normal to the inlet direction. It was determined that the best manifold shape was circular in cross-section and had a linear decrease in cross-sectional area with manifold length. Utilizing the predicted system configuration for optimum mass transfer and blood distribution, a small version of the artificial kidney was designed and tested.
Network Coding in a Multicast Switch
Creators: name: Kim, MinJi
name: Sundararajan, Jay Kumar
name: Medard, Muriel
name: Eryilmaz, Atilla
name: Koetter, Ralf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The problem of serving multicast flows in a crossbar switch is considered. Intra-flow linear network coding is shown to achieve a larger rate region than the case without coding. A traffic pattern is presented which is achievable with coding but requires a switch speedup when coding is not allowed. The rate region with coding can be characterized in a simple graph-theoretic manner, in terms of the stable set polytope of the "enhanced conflict graph". No such graph-theoretic characterization is known for the case of fanout splitting without coding. The minimum speedup needed to achieve 100% throughput with coding is shown to be upper bounded by the imperfection ratio of the enhanced conflict graph. When applied to KxN switches with unicasts and broadcasts only, this gives a bound of min{(2K-1)/K,2N/(N+1)} on the speedup. This shows that speedup, which is usually implemented in hardware, can often be substituted by network coding, which can be done in software. Computing an offline schedule (using prior knowledge of the flow rates) is reduced to fractional weighted graph coloring. A graph-theoretic online scheduling algorithm (using only queue occupancy information) is also proposed, that stabilizes the queues for all rates within the rate region.
description: 26 pages, 27 figures, submitted to IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
Suppression of Charge Equilibration leading to the Synthesis of Exotic Nuclei
Creators: name: Iwata, Yoritaka
name: Otsuka, Takaharu
name: Maruhn, Joachim A.
name: Itagaki, Naoyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Charge equilibration between two colliding nuclei can take place in the early stage of heavy-ion collisions. A basic mechanism of charge equilibration is presented in terms of the extension of single-particle motion from one nucleus to the other, from which the upper energy-limit of the bombarding energy is introduced for significant charge equilibration at the early stage of the collision. The formula for this limit is presented, and is compared to various experimental data. It is examined also by comparison to three-dimensional time-dependent density functional calculations. The suppression of charge equilibration, which appears in collisions at the energies beyond the upper energy-limit, gives rise to remarkable effects on the synthesis of exotic nuclei with extreme proton-neutron asymmetry.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Tropical Oceanic Causes of Interannual to Multidecadal Precipitation Variability in Southeast South America over the Past Century
Creators: name: Seager, Richard
name: Naik, Naomi H.
name: Baethgen, Walter E.
name: Robertson, Andrew W.
name: Kushnir, Yochanan
name: Nakamura, Jennifer A.
name: Jurburg, Stephanie Denisse
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Hydrology
Climatology
Precipitation variability
Ocean temperature

description: Observations, atmosphere models forced by historical SSTs, and idealized simulations are used to determine the causes and mechanisms of interannual to multidecadal precipitation anomalies over southeast South America (SESA) since 1901. About 40% of SESA precipitation variability over this period can be accounted for by global SST forcing. Both the tropical Pacific and Atlantic Oceans share the driving of SESA precipitation, with the latter contributing the most on multidecadal time scales and explaining a wetting trend from the early midcentury until the end of the last century. Cold tropical Atlantic SST anomalies are shown to drive wet conditions in SESA. The dynamics that link SESA precipitation to tropical Atlantic SST anomalies are explored. Cold tropical Atlantic SST anomalies force equatorward-flowing upper-tropospheric flow to the southeast of the tropical heating anomaly, and the vorticity advection by this flow is balanced by vortex stretching and ascent, which drives the increased precipitation. The 1930s Pampas Dust Bowl drought occurred, via this mechanism, in response to warm tropical Atlantic SST anomalies. The atmospheric response to cold tropical Pacific SSTs also contributed. The tropical Atlantic SST anomalies linked to SESA precipitation are the tropical components of the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation. There is little evidence that the large trends over past decades are related to anthropogenic radiative forcing, although models project that this will cause a modest wetting of the climate of SESA. As such, and if the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation has shifted toward a warm phase, it should not be assumed that the long-term wetting trend in SESA will continue. Any reversal to a drier climate more typical of earlier decades would have clear consequences for regional agriculture and water resources.
title: BC Studies: The British Columbian Quarterly, No. 208: Winter 2020/21
title: Winter 2020/21
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: BC Studies: The British Columbian Quarterly
Publisher: name: BC Studies: The British Columbian Quarterly
Year: 2021

description: To purchase a print copy of this issue, visit our website.
description: Bibliography of BC ...153-160 Contributors ...161-162 Book Reviews ...141-151 A Weaving of Books; What Basket Have We Made?...135-140 Letter from the Interior: James Teit and the “Injustice of Displacement”...127-134 Birken Buddhist Forest Monastery: Asian Migration, the Creative Class, and Cultural Transformation in New Pacific British Columbia...17-44 Federal Court File No. T-1750-19...5-16 The Front...3-4 The Bird Park Sessions...119-126 Lessons Learned: Settler Colonialism, Development, and the UN Regional Training Centre in Vancouver, 1959-1962...45-72 The Evolution of Early Hospitals in British Columbia, 1855-1918...73-118
title: The Effects of Restraint on Hallucinatory Behavior Under Conditions of Perceptual Deprivation
Creators: name: Gibson, David G.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1979

description: The purpose of this study was to determine if physical restraint is a major factor in the elicitation of the hallucination phenomena associated with perceptual (or sensory) deprivation studies. Experimental subjects were exposed to three one-hour sessions of perceptual deprivation one week apart, with physical restraint being used during the second session. A group of control subjects was used to determine t he effects of three unrestrained sessions of perceptual deprivation.
No significant differences were found between sessions for the experimental group in terms of number of reports or the cumulative duration of the reports. There was also no difference found between the two groups for any session.
The data and experiences of the individual subjects are discussed at length with particular attention to the effects of the restraint procedure on indications of stress or anxiety levels (expressed in terms of time estimation and subjective reports). Recommendations for the use of more objective measures of anxiety such as biofeedback and electroencephalographic equipment are made as well as better defining procedures for the measurement of the hallucination phenomena.
It is further suggested that the group design is not suited to the study of hallucinations due to the great degree of variability.
A new procedure for the unobtrusive measure of the duration of the hallucinations is used successfully in this study and may prove to be a useful tool for future studies in this area.
title: The Effects of a Structured Group Approach on Anxiety in Junior High Youth: A Technique For Paraprofessionals
Creators: name: Ballering, Lawrence R.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1979

description: The effect of a structured group approach on anxiety, using paraprofessionals, was investigated. The variables of setting (junior high school and youth rehabilitation center) and time (pre-post1 -posttest2) were also manipulated. Besides anxiety, four other variables were measured. Self-concept and anxiety were measured using the Piers-Harris Children's Self Concept Scale; peer rejection and peer acceptance were measured using the Peer Perception Questionnaire; teacher rating of student classroom behavior was measured using the Student Behavior: Teacher Rating Form.
Sixteen subjects who had been screened with the pretest were randomly assigned to either treatment or control conditions at each institution (two junior highs and two youth rehabilitation centers). Four group leaders used lesson plans for eight sessions over three weeks for treatment and also taught a matched control class on anxiety using lesson plans. Both treatment and control groups were told they would participate in a special class on anxiety. At the end of the treatment period and again after a one-month interval, the measures were readministered.
The data were analyzed by means of an analysis of variance for each of the five measures. The results indicate that self-concept, anxiety and teacher rating were affected by the main effect of treatment as well as setting and time. The treatment groups achieved the greatest degree of change during the treatment period (pre-posttest1). However, only the junior high school treatment groups continued to improve over time while the youth rehabilitation center treatment groups regressed. The control groups improved to a lesser extent during the treatment period but also regressed over time. Peer acceptance increased while peer rejection decreased over time regardless of treatment or setting. Implications of the results and limitations of the present study are related to recommendations.