cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A close look into the excluded volume effects within a double layer
Creators: name: Frydel, Derek
name: Levin, Yan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the effect of steric interaction on the ionic density distribution near a charged hard wall. For weakly charged walls, small particles, and monovalent ions the mean-field Poisson-Boltzmann equation provides an excellent description of the density profiles. For large ions and large surface charges, however, deviations appear. To explore these, we use the density functional theory. We find that local density functionals are not able to account for steric interactions near a wall. Based on the weighted density approximation we derive a simple analytical expression for the contact electrostatic potential which allows us to analytically calculate the differential capacitance of the double layer.
Charakterisierung eines transgenen Tiermodells mit herzspezifischer Überexpression des humanen Serotonin-Rezeptors vom Typ 4a
Creators: name: Baumann, Martin
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Kardiale Effekte von Serotonin (5-HT) werden beim Menschen über 5-HT4-Rezeptoren vermittelt. Um diesen Rezeptor genauer untersuchen zu können, wurden transgene Mäuse (TG) generiert, welche den humanen 5-HT4a-Rezeptor herzspezifisch überexprimieren. Die kardialen Einflüsse von 5-HT auf die Wildtyp (WT) und TG Mäuse wurden in vivo mittels Echokardiographie untersucht. Signifikante Unterschiede zwischen WT und TG nach Stimulation mit 5-HT zeigten sich im Anstieg der Herzfrequenz nur von TG. In vitro wurden Herzfrequenz- und Kontraktionskraftmessungen, detektiert über den entwickelten Druck, an isolierten perfundierten Arbeit-leistenden Herzen von TG und WT durchgeführt. Es zeigte sich unter 5-HT ein Anstieg der Herzfrequenz (positive Chronotropie) sowie der Kontraktionskraft (positive Inotropie) und der Phospholamban-Phosphorylierung nur bei den TG-Herzen. Die positive Inotropie und Chronotropie von 5-HT in den TG-Herzen konnte mit einem spezifischen 5-HT4-Rezeptor-Antagonisten vermindert werden. Die Herzen der TG zeigten häufiger spontane arrhythmische Kontraktionen als die der WT. Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine erfolgreiche Expression funktioneller 5-HT4a-Rezeptoren in den Herzen der TG Mäuse.
description: Cardiac effects of serotonin (5-HT) in humans are mediated via 5-HT4 receptors. To further investigate these receptors, transgenic mice (TG) with cardiac-specific overexpression of the human 5-HT4a receptor were generated. In vivo, cardiac effects of 5-HT on wild-type (WT) and TG mice were examined by echocardiography. After stimulation with 5-HT, significant differences between WT and TG were evident by an increased heart rate of TG. In vitro, heart rate and contraction measurements via developed pressure were performed on isolated perfused work performing hearts of TG and WT. Stimulation by 5-HT led to an increased heart rate (positive chronotropy) as well as to an increased contractility (positive inotropy) and phospholamban phosphorylation only of hearts from TG mice. The positive inotropic and chronotropic effects of 5-HT on TG hearts were attenuated in the presence of a specific 5-HT4 receptor antagonist. Moreover, TG hearts showed spontaneous arrhythmic contractions more frequently than WT. The results indicate the successful overexpression of functional 5-HT4a receptors in the heart of TG mice.
Assessing Initiatives for Family, Friend, and Neighbor Child Care: An Overview of Models and Evaluations
Creators: name: Porter, Toni
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Child care
Child caregivers
Child care--Evaluation

description: This paper presents an overview of current efforts to document or evaluate initiatives for family, friend, and neighbor child care. The initiatives are grouped into two categories: those that view these caregivers through the child care lens and aim to improve the quality of care that they provide to children; and those that see these caregivers and their care as a natural extension of the family and aim to strengthen it through approaches drawn from parent education or family support. In some cases, the distinction between the models is blurred because the strategies they use are similar. In other cases, initiatives may rely on more than one strategy to achieve their goals irrespective of the model.

The descriptions of each model include information about goals, service delivery strategies, and the information that is commonly collected. Examples of several specific programs are provided to illustrate the models. Most of the data are based on interviews with program administrators and staff as well as program reports. If there have been formal evaluations, these are described as well.
Guide to Datasets for Research and Policymaking in Child Care and Early Education
Creators: name: Romero, Mariajose
name: Douglas-Hall, Ayana
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Child care
Child care--Research
Early childhood education
Early childhood education--Research

description: This Guide is an annotated bibliography of existing large scale data sets that provide useful information to policymakers, researchers, state administrators, and others in the field of child care and early education. The Guide follows an ecological approach to research and policy in the field: it brings attention not only to children themselves, but also to the different contexts in which they grow and develop, in hopes of promoting research and decision making that take into account the interrelations among those contexts and how these impact on children. The Guide consists of profiles indicating whether each data set offers information on the use and characteristics of child care and early education, as well as on child, family, household, school, and community characteristics. Also included is a reference list of resources that use these data sets and are part of Research Connections. The update of this Guide describes data sets that are publicly available, do not require the payment of fees, have a fairly comprehensive content, and are of value for policymakers and researchers.
MICRO-FLAME PHOTOMETRIC DETECTION IN MINIATURE GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY ON A TITANIUM TILE
Creators: name: McKelvie, Kaylan H.
name: Thurbide, Kevin B.
Publisher: name: Science
Year: 2019

description: A novel miniaturized gas chromatography - flame photometric detection device built within a titanium platform (Ti µGC-FPD) is presented. The 7.5 cm x 15 cm monolithic Ti device contains both an OV-101 coated separation column (5 m x 100 µm i.d.) and a shielded cavity to house the hydrogen-rich detector flame. The FPD employs a micro counter-current flame (about 250 µm in diameter) that is stabilized by opposing relatively low flows of oxygen and hydrogen (7-10 mL/min O2 and 40 mL/min H2). Under optimal conditions, the minimum detectable limits are about 70 pg S/s for sulfur and 8 pg P/s for phosphorous. The natural (i.e. unfiltered) selectivity for these responses over carbon is near 104.3 for S/C and 105 for P/C. Even greater selectivity over hydrocarbons can further still be obtained by employing conventional interference filters. Overall, good separations with stable and sensitive detector performance are obtained with the device, and its sturdy Ti structure supports robust operation. Results indicate that this Ti µGC-FPD device may be a useful alternative approach for incorporating selective FPD sensing in µGC analyses.
Policies Affecting New York City's Low-Income Families
Creators: name: O'Neill, Hugh
name: Garcia, Kathryn
name: Amerlynck, Virginie
name: Blum, Barbara B.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2001
Subjects: Poor families
Family services
Family services--Government policy
Economic assistance, Domestic

description: Since the mid-1990s, policy and program changes at federal, state, and local levels have had a profound impact on the well-being of low-income families in New York City. In 2000, at the request of the New York Community Trust, the National Center for Children in Poverty—a research center affiliated with the Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University—undertook a review of these changes and their implementation in New York City. This report describes some of the most important policy and program changes affecting New York's low-income families, discusses a number of issues that have arisen in connection with those changes, and suggests several ways in which city, state, and federal governments might enhance the well-being of low-income families. In the aftermath of the tragic events of September 11, 2001, the challenges facing New York City's low-income families are even more urgent.
Effectiveness of an integrated mindfulness-based anxiety group intervention with university students who self-report anxiety : a small-N, mixed method design
Creators: name: Maglio, Asa-Sophia T.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Anxiety is a common mental health challenge seen at a university counselling centre. The Integrated Mindfulness-based Anxiety Group (IMAG) was a 10-session therapy program designed for use at a university counselling centre to work with university students who struggle with anxiety. IMAG integrated core mindfulness components from three prominent therapy programs; mindfulness was trained through both mindfulness meditative practices and skills. A mixed-method, Small-N design study investigated the effectiveness of the IMAG. Seventeen university students grappling with self-reported anxiety participated in this study. The dependent variables of anxiety symptoms, general clinical symptoms, and mindfulness were monitored across the study. Eleven of these participants also were interviewed three to six months after the end of the IMAG. There were four data analytic strategies used to assess effectiveness and change. First, the Participant and Group Practice Analyses showed that formal meditation techniques were the top-practiced activities in both intervention and follow-up phases; it also was shown that participants making the most change were those who practiced the longest per practice day. Second, the Small-N Visual Analyses, the principle research analysis, showed very few functional relationships between the IMAG and the three dependent variables. Third, the Within-subject analyses showed many significant changes both at the intervention’s end and during follow-up, with the average effect sizes being in the medium range. Finally, the Thematic Analysis showed themes in the categories of change, challenge, and mindfulness. The Change category contained themes pertaining to (1) the types of change experienced by the participants and (2) the contexts and criteria that seemed to support change. The Challenge category contained themes about (1) the challenges related to the practices, (2) challenges related to the group, and (3) challenges related to the context of the participants. Although there were changes shown in the Within-subject analyses, the Small-N analysis provided only weak evidence, thus no effectiveness claim can be made for the IMAG. The study’s limitations as well as future research suggestions are provided. The study’s conclusions make recommendations to improve the IMAG to make it more robust and responsive to dealing with university students struggling with anxiety challenges.
Circumstances Dictate Public Views of Government Assistance
Creators: name: Lennon, Mary Clare
name: Appelbaum, Lauren D.
name: Aber, John Lawrence
name: McCaskie, Katherine
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Working mothers
Working poor
Economic assistance, Domestic
Economic assistance, Domestic--Public opinion

description: Women who experience significant barriers to employment may be unable to either obtain or retain jobs and may require intensive services to help them overcome their problems and achieve economic self-sufficiency. The National Center for Children in Poverty's innovative Vignette Study tested the opinions of the general public toward governmental assistance by creating a female subject, Lisa, whose description randomly varied 11 characteristics, including her obstacles to employment (physical disability, mental illness, living in an area with high unemployment, and trouble with reliable child care among them) and whether she works or receives welfare. In all cases, she was described as the mother of two children who faces difficulties providing basic necessities for her family.
Experimental undecidability of macroscopic quantumness
Creators: name: Kurzynski, Pawel
name: Soeda, Akihito
name: Ramanathan, Ravishankar
name: Grudka, Andrzej
name: Thompson, Jayne
name: Kaszlikowski, Dagomir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum mechanics marks a radical departure from the classical understanding of Nature, fostering an inherent randomness which forbids a deterministic description; yet the most fundamental departure arises from something different. As shown by Bell [1] and Kochen-Specker [2], quantum mechanics portrays a picture of the world in which reality loses its objectivity and is in fact created by observation. Quantum mechanics predicts phenomena which cannot be explained by any theory with objective realism, although our everyday experience supports the hypothesis that macroscopic objects, despite being made of quantum particles, exist independently of the act of observation; in this paper we identify this behavior as classical. Here we show that this seemingly obvious classical behavior of the macroscopic world cannot be experimentally tested and belongs to the realm of ontology similar to the dispute on the interpretations of quantum mechanics [3,4]. For small systems such as a single photon [5] or a pair [6], it has been experimentally proven that a classical description cannot be sustained. Recently, there have also been experiments that claim to have demonstrated quantum behavior of relatively large objects such as interference of fullerenes [7], the violation of Leggett-Garg inequality in Josephson junction [8], and interference between two condensed clouds of atoms [9], which suggest that there is no limit to the size of the system on which the quantum-versus-classical question can be tested. These behaviors, however, are not sufficient to refute classical description in the sense of objective reality. Our findings show that once we reach the regime where an Avogadro number of particles is present, the quantum-versus-classical question cannot be answered experimentally.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures. This is a new version of the paper with significant changes in the title, its content and conclusions
School-Age Child Care Arrangements
Creators: name: Lawrence, Sharmila M.
name: Kreader, J. Lee
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: School children
Child care
After-school programs

description: School-age children spend time in an array of care arrangements. The most common nonparental after-school arrangements are center- or school-based programs, relative care, and self-care.
Approaching the Problem of Time with a Combined Semiclassical-Records-Histories Scheme
Creators: name: Anderson, Edward
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I approach the Problem of Time and other foundations of Quantum Cosmology using a combined histories, timeless and semiclassical approach. This approach is along the lines pursued by Halliwell. It involves the timeless probabilities for dynamical trajectories entering regions of configuration space, which are computed within the semiclassical regime. Moreover, the objects that Halliwell uses in this approach commute with the Hamiltonian constraint, H. This approach has not hitherto been considered for models that also possess nontrivial linear constraints, Lin. This paper carries this out for some concrete relational particle models (RPM's). If there is also commutation with Lin - the Kuchar observables condition - the constructed objects are Dirac observables. Moreover, this paper shows that the problem of Kuchar observables is explicitly resolved for 1- and 2-d RPM's. Then as a first route to Halliwell's approach for nontrivial linear constraints that is also a construction of Dirac observables, I consider theories for which Kuchar observables are formally known, giving the relational triangle as an example. As a second route, I apply an indirect method that generalizes both group-averaging and Barbour's best matching. For conceptual clarity, my study involves the simpler case of Halliwell 2003 sharp-edged window function. I leave the elsewise-improved softened case of Halliwell 2009 for a subsequent Paper II. Finally, I provide comments on Halliwell's approach and how well it fares as regards the various facets of the Problem of Time and as an implementation of QM propositions.
description: An improved version of the text, and with various further references. 25 pages, 4 figures
Predictors of Child Care Subsidy Use
Creators: name: Lawrence, Sharmila M.
name: Kreader, J. Lee
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Child care
Child care--Finance
Family services

description: In 2004, spending on child care subsides from the main U.S. public funding sources—Child Care and Development Fund and Temporary Assistance for Needy Families—reached more than $11 billion (Field Initiated Child Care Research Projects, 2004). A growing body of research, employing a range of methodologies and data sources, has begun to identify the characteristics and child care arrangements of low-income families and children most likely to participate in subsidy programs. Although child care subsidy research is still a young field, preliminary findings on predictors of child care subsidy use are emerging. This research brief summarizes the Research Connections literature review of the same title, Predictors of Child Care Subsidy Use, which examines recent research addressing the basic question: What family and child care characteristics are associated with the use of child care subsidies? That is, among eligible families, what factors tend to predict which families will actually use assistance to help pay for the care and education their children need while parents work or participate in education and training? Given that the rate of subsidy use remains relatively low, policymakers want to know what distinguishes the families that use these services.
Manipulating dipolar and spin-exchange interactions in spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates
Creators: name: Ning, Bo-Yuan
name: Yi, S.
name: Zhuang, Jun
name: You, J. Q.
name: Zhang, Wenxian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It remains a challenge to independently manipulate the magnetic dipolar and the spin-exchange interactions, which are entangled in many spin systems, particularly in spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates. For this purpose, we put forward a sequence of rf pulses and the periodic dynamical decoupling sequence of optical Feshbach resonance pulses to control the dipolar and the spin-exchange interactions, respectively. Our analytic results and the numerical simulations demonstrate that either of the two interactions can be suppressed to make the other dominate the spin dynamics; furthermore, both of the interactions can be simultaneously suppressed to realize spinor-condensate-based magnetometers with a higher sensitivity. This manipulation method may find its wide applications in magnetic resonance and spintronics.
description: To be published in PRA (5pages, 5 figures,)
Direct Oxygen Abundances for Low Luminosity LVL Galaxies
Creators: name: Berg, Danielle A.
name: Skillman, Evan D.
name: Marble, Andrew R.
name: van Zee, Liese
name: Engelbracht, Charles W.
name: Lee, Janice C.
name: Kennicutt,, Robert C.
name: Calzetti, Daniela
name: Dale, Daniel A.
name: Johnson, Benjamin D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present MMT spectroscopic observations of HII regions in 42 low luminosity galaxies in the LVL. For 31 galaxies, we measured the temperature sensitive [O III] line at a strength of 4 sigma or greater, and thus determine direct oxygen abundances. Our results provide the first direct estimates of oxygen abundance for 19 galaxies. Oxygen abundances were compared to B-band and 4.5 micron luminosities and stellar masses in order to characterize the luminosity-metallicity (L-Z) and mass-metallicity (M-Z) relationships at low-luminosity. We present and analyze a "Combined Select" sample composed of 38 objects (drawn from our parent sample and the literature) with direct oxygen abundances and reliable distance determinations (TRGB or Ceph). Consistent with previous studies, the B-band and 4.5 micron L-Z relationships were found to be 12+log(O/H)=(6.27+/-0.21)+(-0.11+/-0.01)M_B and 12+log(O/H)=(6.10+/-0.21)+(-0.10+/-0.01)M_[4.5] (sigma=0.15 and 0.14). For this sample, we derive a M-Z relationship of 12+log(O/H)=(5.61+/-0.24)+(0.29+/-0.03)log(M*), which agrees with previous studies; however, the dispersion (sigma=0.15) is not significantly lower than that of the L-Z relationships. Because of the low dispersions in these relationships, if an accurate distance is available, the luminosity of a low-luminosity galaxy is often a better indicator of metallicity than that derived using certain strong-line methods, so significant departures from the L-Z relationships may indicate that caution is prudent in such cases. We also revisit the 70/160 micron color metallicity relationship. Additionally, we examine N/O abundance trends with respect to oxygen abundance and B-V color. We find a positive correlation between N/O ratio and B-V color for 0.05\lesssimB-V\lesssim0.75: log(N/O)=(1.18+/-0.9)x(B-V)+(-1.92+/-0.08), with a dispersion of sigma=0.14, that is in agreement with previous studies.
description: 67 pages, 9 figures, 9 tables; accepted for publication in ApJ
Parent Employment and the Use of Child Care Subsidies
Creators: name: Lawrence, Sharmila M.
name: Kreader, J. Lee
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Parents--Employment
Low-income parents
Child care--Finance

description: A growing body of research is starting to shed light on the ways child care subsidies are achieving one of their central goals—supporting employment for low-income parents. Second in the series Reviews of Research on Child Care Subsidies, this research brief summarizes the Research Connections literature review of the same title, Parent Employment and the Use of Child Care Subsidies, which examines recent research addressing the basic question: What parent employment outcomes are associated with the use of child care subsidies? That is, how do employment decisions and patterns for low-income parents with subsidies tend to differ from those of low-income parents without them? For which subgroups of these parents—such as, those with or without high school diplomas, with or without cash assistance histories—do child care subsidies appear to make more difference? What factors in addition to subsidies influence parents' employment decisions? While these questions are posed broadly in terms of "parents," the research to date focuses on "mothers."
The boundary of the Gelfand-Tsetlin graph: A new approach
Creators: name: Borodin, Alexei
name: Olshanski, Grigori
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The Gelfand-Tsetlin graph is an infinite graded graph that encodes branching of irreducible characters of the unitary groups. The boundary of the Gelfand-Tsetlin graph has at least three incarnations --- as a discrete potential theory boundary, as the set of finite indecomposable characters of the infinite-dimensional unitary group, and as the set of doubly infinite totally positive sequences. An old deep result due to Albert Edrei and Dan Voiculescu provides an explicit description of the boundary; it can be realized as a region in an infinite-dimensional coordinate space. The paper contains a novel approach to the Edrei-Voiculescu theorem. It is based on a new explicit formula for the number of semi-standard Young tableaux of a given skew shape (or of Gelfand-Tsetlin schemes of trapezoidal shape). The formula is obtained via the theory of symmetric functions, and new Schur-like symmetric functions play a key role in the derivation.
description: 47 pp.; Version 2: minor corrections
The Changing Demographics of Low-Income Families and Their Children
Creators: name: Lu, Hsien-Hen
name: Koball, Heather
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Poverty--Government policy
Poor families
Poor children
Poor children--Social conditions

description: Nearly 40 percent of America's children live in low-income families, which is defined as having a family income below 200 percent of the federal poverty level (FPL). Currently, this is $36,800 a year for a family of four. Research suggests that this income level is the minimum amount required for families to meet their basic material needs. Children who live in low-income families face many of the same risks as those children officially acknowledged as poor, including learning difficulties, social and emotional problems, and poor health. The number of children in low-income families decreased steadily from 1993 to 2000. Specifically, children of young parents, minority parents, parents with limited education, and single parents experienced growing family incomes. But while employment has increased, full-time work provides less protection against hardship than it did a decade ago.  In 2001, the number of children in low-income families increased for the first time since 1993; data just released by the U.S. Census Bureau indicate that the situation continued to worsen in 2002. This report examines how low-income families fared over the past decade—a period when the economy boomed, and then declined, and when welfare reform both encouraged work and reduced the availability of public assistance. A close examination of the experiences of the past decade can help shed light on which families to target and what policies seem to make a difference.
title: Curating Audiovisual Data in Data Repositories
Creators: name: Grace, Madina
name: Phegley, Lauren
name: Valade, Meg
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMassChan
Year: 2023

description: This presentation reviews the practices of curating audiovisual data for submission into data repositories. As part of our Data Curation Network training program, we decided to write a primer on the topic of curating audiovisual data. Audiovisual materials are not a common form of research data in all fields, but is a burgeoning data type especially in the social sciences. Audiovisual data curation processes are not well documented, which motivated us to write a foundational and accessible guide for curators. We interviewed multiple experts in this field in order to learn more about their needs, challenges, and existing procedures. Our hope for this guide and presentation is to encourage further exploration of this fast developing topic. This presentation will cover our investigation of curation workflow, ethical issues, technical concerns, documentation, metadata, and special considerations.
Predictive policing: not yet, but soon preemptive?
Creators: name: Egbert, Simon
name: Krasmann, Susanne
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften
subject: predictive policing
subject: prevention
subject: preemption
subject: algorithms
subject: datafication
subject: future of policing

description: For several years now, crime prediction software operating on the basis of data analysis and algorithmic pattern detection has been employed by police departments throughout the world. As these technologies aim at forestalling criminal events, they may aptly be understood as elements of preventive strategies. Do they also initiate a logic of preemptive policing, as several authors have suggested? Using the example of crime prediction software that is used in German-speaking countries, the article shows how current forms of predictive policing echo classical modes of risk calculation: usually employed in connection with domestic burglary, they help police to identify potential high-risk areas by extrapolating past crime patterns into the future. However, preemptive elements also emerge, to the extent that the software fosters ‘possibilistic’ thinking in police operations. Moreover, current advances in crime prediction technologies give us a quite different picture of a probable future of preemptive policing. Following a general trend of data-driven government that draws on self-learning algorithms and heterogeneous data sources, crime prediction software will likely be integrated into assemblages of predictive technologies where criminal events are indeed foreclosed before they can unfold and emerge, implying preemptive police action.
Current-induced membrane discharge
Creators: name: Andersen, M. B.
name: van Soestbergen, M.
name: Mani, A.
name: Bruus, H.
name: Biesheuvel, P. M.
name: Bazant, M. Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Possible mechanisms for over-limiting current (OLC) through aqueous ion-exchange membranes (exceeding diffusion limitation) have been debated for half a century. Flows consistent with electro-osmotic instability (EOI) have recently been observed in microfluidic experiments, but the existing theory neglects chemical effects and remains to be quantitatively tested. Here, we show that charge regulation and water self-ionization can lead to OLC by "current-induced membrane discharge" (CIMD), even in the absence of fluid flow. Salt depletion leads to a large electric field which expels water co-ions, causing the membrane to discharge and lose its selectivity. Since salt co-ions and water ions contribute to OLC, CIMD interferes with electrodialysis (salt counter-ion removal) but could be exploited for current-assisted ion exchange and pH control. CIMD also suppresses the extended space charge that leads to EOI, so it should be reconsidered in both models and experiments on OLC.
description: 4.5 pages
Depression and Low-Income Women: Challenges for TANF and Welfare-to-Work Policies and Programs
Creators: name: Lennon, Mary Clare
name: Blome, Juliana
name: English, Kevin
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2001
Subjects: Poor women
Depression in women
Depression, Mental
Depression, Mental--Economic aspects
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (Program)

description: This report reviews the literature on the prevalence, treatment, and consequences of depression in low-income women, highlighting the relationship of depression to welfare and employment. Depression is a debilitating illness characterized by profound feelings of sadness, low mood, and loss of interest in usual activities that can have severe adverse effects, not only on the individual woman but also on her job and family life. Recent changes in welfare policy in the United States, including the five-year lifetime limit on assistance and the requirement that recipients obtain jobs after two years of continuous support, have increased concern about depression and other problems facing many women on welfare. The research findings reviewed here have a range of implications for research and for TANF and welfare-to-work policies and programs that are outlined in this report.
Receipt of Government Supports Varies Widely by State
Creators: name: Koball, Heather
name: Douglas-Hall, Ayana
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Economic assistance, Domestic--U.S. states
Poor families
Poor children

description: Low-income families face very different access to government programs depending on the states in which they live. State choices in implementation of federal policy can encourage or restrict access to government programs that offer important supports to low-income families. At the same time, although 37 percent of U.S. children live in low-income families, the low-income rate varies tremendously across states. For example, the state with the lowest percent of children in low-income families is Maryland at 20 percent. The state with the highest percent is Arkansas at 53 percent.
Infant and Toddler Child Care Arrangements
Creators: name: Kreader, J. Lee
name: Ferguson, Daniel
name: Lawrence, Sharmila M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Child care
Child caregivers

description: What care arrangements do American parents make for their infants and toddlers while they are at work, school, or otherwise unavailable to provide care themselves? Research findings that respond to this question come from two recent nationally representative surveys: the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort, and the National Survey of America's Families (NSAF), 2002. Additional research helps answer a second, related question: What factors influence the types of care arrangements made for this country's children under age 3?
Correlating LHCb B_s^0 to μ^+ μ^- Results with the ATLAS-CMS Multijet Supersymmetry Search
Creators: name: Li, Tianjun
name: Maxin, James A.
name: Nanopoulos, Dimitri V.
name: Walker, Joel W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the No-Scale Flipped SU(5) construction is transparently consistent with recent LHCb results for B_s^0 to μ^+ μ^- decays, due primarily to suppression from the rather small value of tanβ~ 20 that is globally enforced across the model space. This fact should be interpreted in conjunction with the demonstrated evasion of mass limits from the ATLAS and CMS SUSY searches and the more important potential explanation of small observed excesses in the multijet data. The No-Scale Flipped SU(5) benchmark model that best fits these excesses has a gaugino mass scale of M_{1/2} = 708 GeV, which drives masses for the bino-dominated LSP m_χ_1^0 = 143.4 GeV, light stop m_t1 = 786 GeV, gluino m_g = 952 GeV, and heavy squark m_uL = 1490 GeV. The corresponding total prediction for the rare B-decay of Br(B_s^0 to μ^+ μ^-) = 3.5 x 10^-9 suggests that the SUSY contribution may indeed be much smaller than that expected from the Standard Model in this framework, fitting quite comfortably within the very tightly constrained region remaining viable after the most recent LHCb measurements.
description: Europhysics Letters Version, 4 Pages, 1 Figure
Demographic information for all subjects from Non-adjacent dependency processing (or lack thereof) in bonobos: an artificial grammar experiment
Creators: name: Leroux, Maël
name: Lahiff, Nicole
name: Zulberti, Chiara
name: Epping, Amanda
name: Uerling, Calle
name: Taglialatela, Jared Phillip
name: Mueller, Jutta L.
name: Watson, Stuart K.
name: Townsend, Simon
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 520499
subject: Cognitive and computational psychology not elsewhere classified

description: ESM-NAD131224.docx
Talking apes : the problem of anthropomorphous animals
Creators: name: Varsava, Nina Britt
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This thesis examines the human/animal binary in the Western tradition. I analyze in particular the dominant configuration of the human as the speaking, thinking being against the animal as mute and dumb. This configuration informs cultural conceptions of humans and animals in the West, and determines the accordant distribution of ethical worth. To this extent, my project is an ethico-political one: it seeks to disrupt the production of the human/animal binary in order to make space for a posthumanist ethics, which would at its best conceive both intra- and inter-species difference nonhierarchically. My work is situated theoretically in the field of animal studies, with posthumanist, poststructuralist, and materialist leanings. I build upon the work of Jacques Derrida, Giorgio Agamben, and Cary Wolfe, among others. The literary-critical portion of my thesis focuses mainly on three recent American ape novels—Laurence Gonzales’ Lucy (2010), Benjamin Hale’s Evolution of Bruno Littlemore (2011), and Sara Gruen’s Ape House (2010). Each of these texts features apes who are capable of both language and rationality, and who, to this extent, are provocatively “humanlike”; such representation is political insofar as it raises questions concerning the legitimacy and viability of the human/animal binary. Alongside the literature, I discuss representations of apes in Western primatology, and the parallel debates around anthropomorphism that unfold there. I seek here to unpack the politics of both anthropomorphism and “anthropodenial” (the rejection of anthropomorphism) in order to reveal the speciesism and speciousness of the human/animal binary, which both anthropomorphism and its denial ultimately depend upon and reinscribe. Although I engage discussions around anthropomorphism, I ultimately take apart the term itself in an effort to unearth the assumptions underlying it: this move is necessary if we wish to expose the “human” as an ungrounded concept, and the “moral” code that revolves around it as in turn dubious.
Invariant higher-order variational problems II
Creators: name: Gay-Balmaz, François
name: Holm, Darryl D.
name: Meier, David M.
name: Ratiu, Tudor S.
name: Vialard, François-Xavier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Motivated by applications in computational anatomy, we consider a second-order problem in the calculus of variations on object manifolds that are acted upon by Lie groups of smooth invertible transformations. This problem leads to solution curves known as Riemannian cubics on object manifolds that are endowed with normal metrics. The prime examples of such object manifolds are the symmetric spaces. We characterize the class of cubics on object manifolds that can be lifted horizontally to cubics on the group of transformations. Conversely, we show that certain types of non-horizontal geodesics on the group of transformations project to cubics. Finally, we apply second-order Lagrange--Poincaré reduction to the problem of Riemannian cubics on the group of transformations. This leads to a reduced form of the equations that reveals the obstruction for the projection of a cubic on a transformation group to again be a cubic on its object manifold.
description: 40 pages, 1 figure. First version -- comments welcome!
Assessment of law journals in Croatia, Italy and Spain
Creators: name: Peruginelli, Ginevra
name: Stojanovski, Jadranka
name: Sanz-Casado, Elias
name: Agnoloni, Tommaso
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Legal science
Law journals
Evaluation criteria
Journal assessment
Editorial policy

description: Legal science is quite distinctive compared to other disciplines, also social sciences disciplines (variety of publications, interlink between practice and research, multiple audiences, etc.). In addition, the fact that legal science has always shied away from bibliometrics-based evaluation practices make the field a specific case study. The case study presented in this chapter is located precisely in this context and within a heated discussion that sees the law domain and its communities at the centre of the debate. An overview of the practices, policies, and criteria applied in law journal assessment in three countries (Croatia, Italy, and Spain) is provided. The panorama is varied, but it is constantly changing. Most of the qualitative criteria for journal assessment are common to all three countries, but significant differences are in place when it comes to mandating these criteria in practice. According to the survey on law journals across countries, an adequate definition of the appropriate criteria for assessing journal quality could significantly improve journals’ editorial policies and therefore the quality of legal publications.
Geography of Low-Income Children and Families
Creators: name: Koball, Heather
name: Douglas-Hall, Ayana
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Poor families
Poor children
Income--Regional disparities

description: Where America's low-income children live is changing. Two-thirds of children in low-income families live in the West or the South, a substantial increase from a decade ago. These children typically face moves due to their parent's desire to build better lives by finding better housing, better jobs, or forming independent households.
Parental Employment Does Not Guarantee Health Insurance for Children
Creators: name: Koball, Heather
name: Douglas-Hall, Ayana
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Health insurance
Employer-sponsored health insurance
Medically uninsured children

description: In every state, the vast majority of low-income parents work either full-time or part-time. However, almost one in every five children in a low-income family still lacks health insurance.
Non-Markovian Quantum Dynamics and Classical Chaos
Creators: name: Garcia-Mata, I.
name: Pineda, C.
name: Wisniacki, D. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the influence of a chaotic environment in the evolution of an open quantum system. We show that there is an inverse relation between chaos and non-Markovianity. In particular, we remark on the deep relation of the short time non-Markovian behavior with the revivals of the average fidelity amplitude-a fundamental quantity used to measure sensitivity to perturbations and to identify quantum chaos. The long time behavior is established as a finite size effect which vanishes for large enough environments.
description: Closest to the published version
Impact of Training and Education for Caregivers of Infants and Toddlers
Creators: name: Kreader, J. Lee
name: Ferguson, Daniel
name: Lawrence, Sharmila M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Child care
Child caregivers
Child care workers--Training of

description: Training and education of infant and toddler caregivers is one important factor associated with the quality of child care they provide.  In response to research showing that high-quality care supports positive development in young children, policymakers have established training and education requirements for licensed providers and launched numerous initiatives to train and educate caregivers. Caregivers themselves believe training and education to be important, including relative and unregulated family child care providers, many of whom express interest in accessing training although not required by regulation to do so. What approaches to caregiver training and education are the most likely to improve the quality of care for children under age 3 in family child care homes and centers? To help answer this question, this brief describes research findings on a small number of training initiatives targeting infant and toddler caregivers where quality was observed before and after training. While it is too soon to draw firm generalizations from this young and scattered body of research, findings from these studies raise pertinent considerations for policymakers. (See Research-to-Policy Connections No. 2, Infant and Toddler Child Care Quality, for a list of observational instruments frequently used to measure quality.) Other research has focused on increases in provider knowledge and/or self-reported changes in caregiving practices as a result of training and education. It is not clear whether effects found using either of these measures correspond to effects on quality seen with observational measures.
Success determinants of on-demand microtransit services: a case study of Kussbus in Luxembourg
Creators: name: Jiajing He
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: bayesian networks
success determinants
microtransit

description: Analyzing the success determinants of on-demand microtransit services and understanding historical user rides provide valuable insights for operators to improve further operation. This study first summarizes the barriers, failure factors, and success determinants of microtransit services and proposes a new methodology based on discrete Bayesian Networks (BNs) to model user’s sequential rides, predicting the time until his/her next ride based on completed ride experience and alternative modes. A hybrid structure learning method is proposed to firstly design an expert BN based on prior casual dependency relationships between key variables and further improve the dependency structure by implementing data-driven learning algorithms. An empirical case study is conducted on the historical ride data of Kussbus, an on-demand shuttle bus service for cross-border workers in Luxembourg and its Belgium border area. The BN model based on the proposed hybrid structure learning algorithm outperforms the other benchmark models and is similar to MNL. The advantage of the BN model is to uncover more complicated relationships between the factors that are missing in other models. The result suggests that providing subsidies and reducing the total access and egress distance may increase the probability of Kussbus user’s future rides within the next seven days.
Infant and Toddler Child Care Quality
Creators: name: Kreader, J. Lee
name: Ferguson, Daniel
name: Lawrence, Sharmila M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Child care
Child care--Evaluation

description: With over half the nation's infants and toddlers in regular, nonparental child care, the quality of that care is a priority concern for policymakers. Many studies show that high-quality child care supports the positive social, emotional, and cognitive development of young children. The research summarized in this policy brief identifies factors that tend to predict higher quality within arrangement types—family child care, center care, and relative care—and describes the range of quality found in each type. Although different studies measure child care quality in different ways, many researchers group quality measures into two categories, structural and process. Both examine factors that support the responsive and reliable relationships with caregivers so essential for the healthy development of infants and toddlers. Structural measures—child-staff ratio and group size, caregivers' general education and specialized training, their tenure and income—look at aspects  of arrangements that support positive child-adult relationships and child development. Process measures directly examine children's experiences, including caregivers' interactions with the children—their attention, warmth, and responsiveness. Though less direct, structural factors are less costly for researchers to study than process factors, which require direct observations. Unlike process factors, structural factors can be regulated by policymakers. Many instruments are used to measure quality in infant and toddler child care arrangements (see the Resources Section for a list of frequently use ones). Most are designed to examine the global quality of child care arrangements—producing a composite rating based on observations of routines, practices, facilities, and equipment—and utilize both process and structural measures. Some are more exclusively composed of process measures. Researchers continue to develop new measures and instruments in this young field of inquiry.