cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
CloseCall: a novel pipeline to identify RNA-RNA interactions
Creators: name: Wingett, Steven
name: Morf, Jorg
name: Andrews, Simon
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2019

description: Proximity RNA-seq is a new technique to elucidate cellular three-dimensional RNA organisation. Previously, pairwise analysis of RNA-RNA interactions has been restricted to direct base-paired contacts or to short-range distances between ligated RNA ends. In contrast, our new method identifies associations between pairs or groups of transcripts, irrespective of the mechanism holding the molecules together.

Proximity RNA-seq uses massive-throughput RNA barcoding of sub-nuclear particles in water-in-oil emulsion droplets, followed by Illumina sequencing. Our studies revealed a bipartite organisation of nuclear RNAs, in which transcript families – of varying tissue-specificity, speed of RNA polymerase elongation and levels of differential splicing – were positioned in discrete compartments.

The experimental innovations were developed in unison with a new bioinformatics pipeline, named CloseCall. This new software, written in Perl and Java, was customised to meet the unique requirements of proximity RNA-seq. The pipeline performs many tasks, including pooling co-barcoded transcripts, allocating reads to a specialised genome annotation and identifies statistically significant interactions using a Monte Carlo simulation. The software is freely available under an Open Source License.
CO excitation, molecular gas density and interstellar radiation field in local and high-redshift galaxies
Creators: name: Liu, Daizhong
name: Daddi, Emanuele
name: Schinnerer, Eva
name: Saito, Toshiki
name: Leroy, Adam
name: Silverman, John
name: Valentino, Francesco
name: Magdis, Georgios
name: Gao, Yu
name: Jin, Shuowen
name: Puglisi, Annagrazia
name: Groves, Brent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Carbon Monoxide (CO) excitation, mean molecular gas density and interstellar radiation field (ISRF) intensity in a comprehensive sample of 76 galaxies from local to high redshift (z~0-6), selected based on detections of their CO transitions J=2-1 and 5-4 and their optical/infrared/(sub-)millimeter spectral energy distributions (SEDs). We confirm the existence of a tight correlation between CO excitation as traced by the CO(5-4)/(2-1) line ratio (R52), and the mean ISRF intensity U as derived from infrared SED fitting using dust SED templates. By modeling the molecular gas density probability distribution function (PDF) in galaxies and predicting CO line ratios with large velocity gradient radiative transfer calculations, we present a framework linking global CO line ratios to the mean molecular hydrogen gas density nH2 and kinetic temperature Tkin. Mapping in this way observed R52 ratios to nH2 and Tkin probability distributions, we obtain positive U-nH2 and U-Tkin correlations, which imply a scenario in which the ISRF in galaxies is mainly regulated by Tkin and (non-linearly) by nH2. A small fraction of starburst galaxies showing enhanced nH2 could be due to merger-driven compaction. Our work demonstrates that ISRF and CO excitation are tightly coupled, and that density-PDF modeling is a promising tool for probing detailed ISM properties inside galaxies.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Quasi-Maxwell interpretation of the spin-curvature coupling
Creators: name: Natario, Jose
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 83C10

description: We write the Mathisson-Papapetrou equations of motion for a spinning particle in a stationary spacetime using the quasi-Maxwell formalism and give an interpretation of the coupling between spin and curvature. The formalism is then used to compute equilibrium positions for spinning particles in the NUT spacetime.
description: 9 pages; v2: new section 5, references added; v3: minor changes; v4: missing term in third quasi-Maxwell Einstein equation added, incorrect last statement of the paper deleted; v5: typos corrected; v6: minus sign corrected
Applications of a duality between generalized trigonometric and hyperbolic functions
Creators: name: Miyakawa, Hiroki
name: Takeuchi, Shingo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: It is shown that generalized trigonometric functions and generalized hyperbolic functions can be transformed from each other. As an application of this transformation, a number of properties for one immediately lead to the corresponding properties for the other. In this way, Mitrinović-Adamović-type inequalities, multiple-angle formulas, and double-angle formulas for both can be produced.
description: 18 pages, 3 tables
Mixed Reality States in a Bidirectionally Coupled Interreality System
Creators: name: Gintautas, Vadas
name: Hubler, Alfred
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present experimental data on the limiting behavior of an interreality system comprising a virtual horizontally driven pendulum coupled to its real-world counterpart, where the interaction time scale is much shorter than the time scale of the dynamical system. We present experimental evidence that if the physical parameters of the simplified virtual system match those of the real system within a certain tolerance, there is a transition from an uncorrelated dual reality state to a mixed reality state of the system in which the motion of the two pendula is highly correlated. The region in parameter space for stable solutions has an Arnold tongue structure for both the experimental data and for a numerical simulation. As virtual systems better approximate real ones, even weak coupling in other interreality systems may produce sudden changes to mixed reality states.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Explanation sensitivity to the randomness of large language models: the case of journalistic text classification
Creators: name: Bogaert, Jeremie
name: de Marneffe, Marie-Catherine
name: Descampe, Antonin
name: Escouflaire, Louis
name: Fairon, Cedrick
name: Standaert, Francois-Xavier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Large language models (LLMs) perform very well in several natural language processing tasks but raise explainability challenges. In this paper, we examine the effect of random elements in the training of LLMs on the explainability of their predictions. We do so on a task of opinionated journalistic text classification in French. Using a fine-tuned CamemBERT model and an explanation method based on relevance propagation, we find that training with different random seeds produces models with similar accuracy but variable explanations. We therefore claim that characterizing the explanations' statistical distribution is needed for the explainability of LLMs. We then explore a simpler model based on textual features which offers stable explanations but is less accurate. Hence, this simpler model corresponds to a different tradeoff between accuracy and explainability. We show that it can be improved by inserting features derived from CamemBERT's explanations. We finally discuss new research directions suggested by our results, in particular regarding the origin of the sensitivity observed in the training randomness.
description: This paper is a faithful translation of a paper which was peer-reviewed and published in the French journal Traitement Automatique des Langues, n. 64
Evaluation of anti-sperm monoclonal antibodies as biomarkers to assess bull sperm capacitation, acrosome reaction and fertility in vitro
Creators: name: Ambrose, Divakar Justus
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Anti-sperm monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were evaluated as biomarkers to assess capacitation, acrosome reaction, cryodamage and fertility of bull spermatozoa in vitro. Three anti-human sperm mAbs crossreacting with bull sperm antigens were identified. They showed time-dependent changes in binding to bull spermatozoa incubated under capacitation conditions when assessed by indirect immunofluorescence, with maximum binding at 4 h. Bull and human sperm antigens recognized by one mAb (HS-11) were isolated and their immunological relatedness shown by ELISA. The possible relationship between fertility and the binding of HS- 11 to bull (n=8) spermatozoa was tested in a bovine in vitro fertilization system. In vitro fertility based on cleavage of oocytes and mAb-binding to spermatozoa at 4 h incubation under capacitation conditions were correlated (r=0.43; n=32; P<0.05), but in vivo fertility and sperm-HS-11 binding were not correlated. In the next set of experiments, 15 mAbs specific to bull sperm antigens were generated. The mAbs were sperm-specific, but not species-specific. The mAbs identified five distinct antigenic domains of bull spermatozoa. Seven of the 13 mAbs tested, recognized bull sperm proteins of >200 kDa in western blots. Three detected more than one protein band (40-200 kDa), while three recognized none. Thirteen of the 15 mAbs were tested for their influence on bovine sperm-zona interactions in vitro. Sperm-zona binding was not affected by 12 mAbs. However, sperm-zona binding in the presence of one surface-reacting mAb was higher than the control (23.6+5.6 vs 10.0+2.4 sperm/zona, mean+SE; P<0.001). Four mAbs specific to intra-acrosomal antigens exhibited a time dependent increase (P<0.05) in binding to bull spermatozoa incubated under capacitation conditions. In contrast, the binding of mAbs specific to surface antigens decreased (P < 0.05) after 4 h incubation in the presence of heparin. Following induced acrosome reaction, a significant decrease (P<0.01) in the binding of acrosome-specific mAbs was observed. Four selected mAbs were then evaluated as possible indicators of cryodamage in frozen-thawed bull spermatozoa. Even though the mAbs showed higher binding to frozen-thawed spermatozoa, there was no conclusive evidence to support the hypothesis that the mAbs will be useful to detect live membrane-damaged spermatozoa.
HNNLO: a Monte Carlo program to compute Higgs boson production at hadron colliders
Creators: name: Catani, S.
name: Grazzini, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider Higgs boson production through gluon--gluon fusion in hadron collisions. We present a numerical program that computes the cross section up to NNLO in QCD perturbation theory. The program includes the decay modes H->gamma-gamma, H->WW->lnulnu, H->ZZ->4leptons, and allows the user to apply arbitrary cuts on the momenta of the partons and of the photons or leptons that are produced in the final state.
description: 6 pages, to appear in the proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Radiative Corrections, RADCOR 2007, Florence, Italy
Searching for Extremal Spots in Planck Lensing Maps
Creators: name: Jakubec, Clemens
name: Sullivan, Raelyn M.
name: Scott, Douglas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A great deal of attention has been given to the so-called Cold Spot in maps of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature. We present a similar analysis, searching for extremal spots in the CMB lensing convergence and lensing potential maps from the Planck 2018 data release. We perform a multi-scale and multi-filter analysis using the first three members of the Mexican-hat wavelet family to search for extremal features of different shapes and sizes. Although an initial analysis appears to show the existence of some extremal spots at scales below about 5 degree, we conclude, after marginalising over all scales and filters, that no significant features are detected in the lensing maps. We conclude that in terms of maxima and minima of various sizes, the lensing data have similar statistical properties to Gaussian simulations.
description: 16 pages, 11 figures, submitted to JCAP
Magnetic anisotropies and magnetization reversal of the Co$_2$Cr$_{0.6}$Fe$_{0.4}$Al Heusler compound
Creators: name: Hamrle, J.
name: Blomeier, S.
name: Gaier, O.
name: Hillebrands, B.
name: Schafer, R.
name: Jourdan, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic anisotropies and magnetization reversal properties of the epitaxial Heusler compound Co$_2$Cr$_{0.6}$Fe$_{0.4}$Al (CCFA) deposited on Fe and Cr buffer layers are studied. Both samples exhibit a growth-induced fourfold anisotropy, and magnetization reversal occurs through the formation of stripy domains or 90 degree domains. During rotational magnetometric scans the sample deposited on Cr exhibits about 2 degree sharp peaks in the angular dependence of the coercive field, which are oriented along the hard axis directions. These peaks are a consequence of the specific domain structure appearing in this particular measurement geometry. A corresponding feature in the sample deposited on Fe is not observed.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
On the Structure of Game Provenance and its Applications
Creators: name: Bowers, Shawn
name: Xia, Yilin
name: Ludäscher, Bertram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Provenance in databases has been thoroughly studied for positive and for recursive queries, then for first-order (FO) queries, i.e., having negation but no recursion. Query evaluation can be understood as a two-player game where the opponents argue whether or not a tuple is in the query answer. This game-theoretic approach yields a natural provenance model for FO queries, unifying how and why-not provenance. Here, we study the fine-grain structure of game provenance. A game $G=(V,E)$ consists of positions $V$ and moves $E$ and can be solved by computing the well-founded model of a single, unstratifiable rule: \[ \text{win}(X) \leftarrow \text{move}(X, Y), \neg \, \text{win}(Y). \] In the solved game $G^λ$, the value of a position $x\,{\in}\,V$ is either won, lost, or drawn. This value is explained by the provenance $\mathscr{P}$(x), i.e., certain (annotated) edges reachable from $x$. We identify seven edge types that give rise to new kinds of provenance, i.e., potential, actual, and primary, and demonstrate that "not all moves are created equal". We describe the new provenance types, show how they can be computed while solving games, and discuss applications, e.g., for abstract argumentation frameworks.
Modeling evolution of composition patterns in a binary surface alloy
Creators: name: Khenner, Mikhail
name: Henner, Victor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Evolution of composition patterns in the annealed, single-crystal surface alloy film is considered in the presence of the spinodal decomposition, the compositional stress and the diffusion anisotropy. While the former two effects contribute to overall phase separation, the anisotropy, correlated with the surface crystallographic orientation, guides the in-plane formation and orientation of a pattern. The impacts of the anisotropy parameters on patterns are systematically computed for [110], [100], and [111]-oriented fcc cubic alloy surfaces.
description: To appear in Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2004.08314
Glutamine metabolism and function in skeletal muscle
Creators: name: Zhou, Xiwu
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Glutamine is an amino acid possessing a number of physiological functions in addition to its contribution as a substrate for protein synthesis. Skeletal muscle is a major source of glutamine synthesized in vivo. The main objectives of this thesis were to study regulation of the glutamine synthesis and to characterize glutamine's effect on protein turnover in skeletal muscle. Regulation of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) by branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) was first investigated. Leucine and isoleucine were found to increase the activity of GDH in rat skeletal muscle in a dose-dependent manner [45% (P<0.01) and 27% (P<0.05) by 1 mM leucine and 1 mM isoleucine, respectively]. The effects of leucine and isoleucine on GDH activity are additive, suggesting different regulatory sites for each amino acid. Leucine, but not isoleucine, was also found to increase GDH activity in chick skeletal muscle (36% at 1 mM leucine, P<0.05). Acidosis, a condition under which glutamine requirement by the kidney is substantially increased, upregulated the activities of both GDH and glutamine synthetase (GS) in rat skeletal muscle. Following 5-d feeding 1.5% NH4C1, the activity of GDH and GS increased 88% and 66%, respectively (P<0.01). Acidosis also increased the sensitivity of rat skeletal muscle GDH to regulation by all three BCAA. These data provide information to complete our understanding in regulation of glutamine synthesis in skeletal muscle. In the second part of this thesis, the effect of glutamine on protein turnover in rat skeletal muscle cells was characterized using myotubes differentiated from L8 rat skeletal myoblasts. Glutamine (0.65 - 15 mM) was found to increase the rate of protein synthesis in stressed myotubes (43°C for 45 min) (P<0.05) but not in normal-cultured myotubes. Glutamine (0.65 - 15 mM) decreased the rate of degradation of long-lived proteins in both heat-stressed and normal-cultured myotubes (P<0.05) but had no influence on the rate of degradation of short-lived proteins. In an attempt to study the mechanism underlying the effects of glutamine on protein turnover in myotubes, glutamine was found to increase the expression of heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70) at both the protein level (7.5-fold increase by 10 mM glutamine, P<0.001) and the mRNA level (7.8-fold increase by 10 mM glutamine, P< 0.001) in heat-stressed myotubes but not in normal-cultured myotubes. This effect of glutamine may be specific to HSP70 as the expression of HSP27 was not altered by glutamine. In spite of an increase in the abundance of hsp7O mRNA, the DNA binding activity of heat shock transcription factor was not influenced by glutamine. It is concluded that the effect of glutamine on protein turnover in skeletal muscle is condition-dependent, and that HSP70 may play a role in the mechanism underlying the anabolic effect of glutamine in skeletal muscle.
Quantum simulations of light-matter interactions in arbitrary coupling regimes
Creators: name: Lamata, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Light-matter interactions are an established field that is experiencing a renaissance in recent years due to the introduction of exotic coupling regimes. These include the ultrastrong and deep strong coupling regimes, where the coupling constant is smaller and of the order of the frequency of the light mode, or larger than this frequency, respectively. In the past few years, quantum simulations of light-matter interactions in all possible coupling regimes have been proposed and experimentally realized, in quantum platforms such as trapped ions, superconducting circuits, cold atoms, and quantum photonics. We review this fledgling field, illustrating the benefits and challenges of the quantum simulations of light-matter interactions with quantum technologies.
description: Invited Perspective for EPL
On weighted Hardy inequality with two-dimensional rectangular operator -- extension of the E. Sawyer theorem
Creators: name: Stepanov, V. D.
name: Ushakova, E. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A characterization is obtained for those pairs of weights $v$ and $w$ on $\mathbb{R}^2_+$, for which the two--dimensional rectangular integration operator is bounded from a weighted Lebesgue space $L^p_v(\mathbb{R}^2_+)$ to $L^q_w(\mathbb{R}^2_+)$ for $1
Interior solutions of relativistic stars with anisotropic matter in scale-dependent gravity
Creators: name: Panotopoulos, Grigoris
name: Rincon, Angel
name: Lopes, Ilidio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain well behaved interior solutions describing hydrostatic equilibrium of anisotropic relativistic stars in scale-dependent gravity, where Newton's constant is allowed to vary with the radial coordinate throughout the star. Assuming i) a linear equation-of-state in the MIT bag model for quark matter, and ii) a certain profile for the energy density, we integrate numerically the generalized structure equations, and we compute the basic properties of the strange quark stars, such as mass, radius and compactness. Finally, we demonstrate that stability criteria as well as the energy conditions are fulfilled. Our results show that a decreasing Newton's constant throughout the objects leads to slightly more massive and more compact stars.
description: 11 pages, 4 tables, 6 figures, accepted in EPJC
Betti numbers and shifts in minimal graded free resolutions
Creators: name: Roemer, Tim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05E99, 13C14, 13D02

description: Let S be a polynomial ring and R=S/I where I is a graded ideal of S. The Multiplicity Conjecture of Herzog, Huneke, and Srinivasan which was recently proved using the Boij-Soederberg theory states that the multiplicity of R is bounded above by a function of the maximal shifts in the minimal graded free resolution of R over S as well as bounded below by a function of the minimal shifts if R is Cohen-Macaulay. In this paper we study the related problem to show that the total Betti-numbers of R are also bounded above by a function of the shifts in the minimal graded free resolution of R as well as bounded below by another function of the shifts if R is Cohen-Macaulay. We also discuss the cases when these bounds are sharp.
description: 16 pages; corrected version
FastTrack: an open-source software for tracking varying numbers of deformable objects
Creators: name: Gallois, Benjamin
name: Candelier, Raphaël
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Analyzing the dynamical properties of mobile objects requires to extract trajectories from recordings, which is often done by tracking movies. We compiled a database of two-dimensional movies for very different biological and physical systems spanning a wide range of length scales and developed a general-purpose, optimized, open-source, cross-platform, easy to install and use, self-updating software called FastTrack. It can handle a changing number of deformable objects in a region of interest, and is particularly suitable for animal and cell tracking in two-dimensions. Furthermore, we introduce the probability of incursions as a new measure of a movie's trackability that doesn't require the knowledge of ground truth trajectories, since it is resilient to small amounts of errors and can be computed on the basis of an ad hoc tracking. We also leveraged the versatility and speed of FastTrack to implement an iterative algorithm determining a set of nearly-optimized tracking parameters -- yet further reducing the amount of human intervention -- and demonstrate that FastTrack can be used to explore the space of tracking parameters to optimize the number of swaps for a batch of similar movies. A benchmark shows that FastTrack is orders of magnitude faster than state-of-the-art tracking algorithms, with a comparable tracking accuracy. The source code is available under the GNU GPLv3 at https://github.com/FastTrackOrg/FastTrack and pre-compiled binaries for Windows, Mac and Linux are available at http://www.fasttrack.sh.
ЖАМОАТ ТАРТИБИНИ САҚЛАШ — ИНСОН ҲУҚУҚЛАРИНИ ТАЪМИНЛАШ ОМИЛИ СИФАТИДА
Creators: name: Ж.Махмудов, Ўзбекистон Республикаси Миллий гвардияси ходими
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ушбу мақолада жамоат тартибини сақлашнинг инсон ҳуқуқларини таъминлашдаги аҳамияти таҳлил қилинган. Жамоат тартибини сақлаш фуқароларнинг хавфсиз муҳитда яшаш ва ўз ҳуқуқларидан фойдаланишини таъминлашда асосий омиллардан бири ҳисобланади. Миллий гвардия ва бошқа ҳуқуқ-тартибот органларининг жамоат тартибини сақлашдаги вазифалари ва уларнинг инсон ҳуқуқларини ҳимоя қилишдаги роли ёритилган. Шунингдек, жамоат тартибини сақлаш жараёнида инсон ҳуқуқларини ҳимоя қилиш ва бу борадаги ҳуқуқий асосларни такомиллаштириш зарурлиги муҳокама қилинган. Мақолада фуқароларнинг хавфсизлигини таъминлаш ва инсон ҳуқуқларига ҳурмат билан қарашнинг ўзаро боғлиқлигига алоҳида эътибор қаратилган.
Dictionary learning algorithms for functional magnetic resonance imaging
Creators: name: Khalid, Muhammad Usman
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2015

description: The detection of regional activity and estimation of communication networks are two critical features to enable functional understanding of a human brain. In this regard, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has emerged as a powerful noninvasive neuroimaging modality to investigate not only the neural activity within the different isolated brains regions but also how different brain regions communicate with each other during cognition and resting state. Similar to other imaging modalities, the functional connectivity networks for fMRI data are usually determined by following a data-driven approach, which typically consists of statistical similarity measures such as estimation of correlation matrix, and machine learning methods such as matrix decomposition and exploratory techniques. Unlike hypothesis-driven approach for activation detection that requires prior knowledge about the shape of hemodynamic response function (HRF), the main advantage of data-driven approach is its independence from predetermined paradigm knowledge, hence, its applicability to both activation detection and functional connectivity estimation. However, the trained bases from the standard decomposition techniques and data transformation bases from exploratory techniques are not very meaningful and can give rise to issues such as computational inefficiency and inability to retrieve spatiotemporal ground truth with sufficient conviction, respectively. To remedy these problems, matrix decomposition is adapted to fMRI data by considering sparse assumption based on the spatial characteristics and autocorrelation assumption based on temporal characteristics of the fMRI data to develop novel sparse dictionary learning algorithms for this work. In proposed algorithms, better assumptions about underlying structure of the data are taken into account, which yield bases that are relatively closer to the artificially generated ground truth. For every proposed algorithm, an empirical study is introduced for quantitative and comparative analysis with existing data-driven techniques. To validate the proposed algorithms, they are applied to six different fMRI data-sets and it has been shown that they outperform existing state state-of-the-art-methods in terms of statistical performance of map and network retrieval for activation detection and functional connectivity, respectively.
Design and Simulation of a Steam Turbine Generator using Observer Based and LQR Controllers
Creators: name: Jibril, Mustefa
name: Tadese, Messay
name: Tadese, Eliyas Alemayehu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Steam turbine generator is an electromechanical system which converts heat energy to electrical energy. In this paper, the modeling, design and analysis of a simple steam turbine generator have done using Matlab/Simulink Toolbox. The open loop system have been analyzed to have an efficiency of 76.92 %. Observer based & linear quadratic regulator (LQR) controllers have been designed to improve the generating voltage. Comparison of this two proposed controllers have been done for increasing the performance improvement to generate a 220 Dc volt. The simulation result shows that the steam turbine generator with observer based controller has a small percentage overshoot with minimum settling time than the steam turbine generator with LQR controller and the open loop system. Finally, the steam turbine generator with observer based controller shows better improvement in performance than the steam turbine generator with LQR controller.
Competing spin modulations in a magnetically frustrated semimetal EuCuSb
Creators: name: Takahashi, Hidefumi
name: Aono, Kai
name: Nambu, Yusuke
name: Kiyanagi, Ryoji
name: Nomoto, Takuya
name: Sakano, Masato
name: Ishizaka, Kyoko
name: Arita, Ryotaro
name: Ishiwata, Shintaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The competing magnetic ground states of the itinerant magnet EuCuSb, which has a hexagonal layered structure, were studied via magnetization, resistivity, and neutron diffraction measurements on single-crystal samples. EuCuSb has a three-dimensional semimetallic band structure as confirmed by band calculation and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy, consistent with the nearly isotropic metallic conductivity in the paramagnetic state. However, below the antiferromagnetic transition temperature of TN1 (8.5 K), the resistivity, especially along the hexagonal axis, increases significantly. This implies the emergence of anisotropic magnetic ordering coupled to the conducting electrons. Neutron diffraction measurements show that the Eu spins, which order ferromagnetically within each layer, are collinearly modulated (up-up-down-down) along the hexagonal axis below TN1, followed by the partial emergence of helical spin modulation below TN2 (6 K). Based on the observation of anomalous magnetoresistance with hysteretic behavior, we discuss the competing nature of the ground state inherent in a frustrated Heisenberg-like spin system with a centrosymmetric structure.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, Physical review B in press
Constructing stabilized brane world models in five-dimensional Brans-Dicke theory
Creators: name: Mikhailov, Alexey S.
name: Mikhailov, Yuri S.
name: Smolyakov, Mikhail N.
name: Volobuev, Igor P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider brane world models, which can be constructed in the five-dimensional Brans-Dicke theory with bulk scalar field potentials suggested by the supergravity theory. For different choices of the potentials and parameters we get: (i) an unstabilized model with the Randall-Sundrum solution for the metric and constant solution for the scalar field; (ii) models with flat background and tension-full branes; (iii) stabilized brane world models, one of which reproduces the Randall-Sundrum solution for the metric and gives an exponential solution for the scalar field. We also discuss the relationship between solutions in different frames - with non-minimal and minimal coupling of the scalar field.
description: 13 pages, LaTeX, enlarged content, corrected typos
Realizing the ultimate scaling of the convection turbulence by spatially decoupling the thermal and viscous boundary layers
Creators: name: Zou, Shufan
name: Yang, Yantao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Turbulent convection plays a crucial role in many natural environments, ranging from Earth ocean, mantle and outer core, to various astrophysical systems. For such flows with extremely strong thermal driving, an ultimate scaling was proposed for the heat flux and velocity. Despite numerous experimental and numerical studies, a conclusive observation of the ultimate regime has not been reached yet. Here we show that the ultimate scaling can be perfectly realized once the thermal boundary layer is fully decoupled from the viscous boundary layer and locates inside the turbulent bulk. The heat flux can be greatly enhanced by one order of magnitude. Our results provide concrete evidences for the appearance of the ultimate state when the entire thermal boundary layer is embedded in the turbulent region, which is probably the case in many natural convection systems.
Physical unknowables
Creators: name: Svozil, Karl
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A variety of physical unknowables are discussed. Provable lack of physical omniscience, omnipredictability and omnipotence is derived by reduction to problems which are known to be recursively unsolvable. "Chaotic" symbolic dynamical systems are unstable with respect to variations of initial states. Quantum unknowables include the random occurrence of single events, complementarity and value indefiniteness.
description: Contribution to the international symposium "Horizons of Truth" celebrating the 100th birthday of Kurt Goedel, University of Vienna, from April 27th-29th, 2006; completely rewritten
Zero-field and Larmor spinor precessions in a neutron polarimeter experiment
Creators: name: Sponar, S.
name: Klepp, J.
name: Badurek, G.
name: Hasegawa, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a neutron polarimetric experiment where two kinds of spinor precessions are observed: one is induced by different total energy of neutrons (zero-field precession) and the other is induced by a stationary guide field (Larmor precession). A characteristic of the former is the dependence of the energy-difference, which is in practice tuned by the frequency of the interacting oscillating magnetic field. In contrast the latter completely depends on the strength of the guide field, namely Larmor frequency. Our neutron-polarimetric experiment exhibits individual tuning as well as specific properties of each spinor precession, which assures the use of both spin precessions for multi-entangled spinor manipulation.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
Skriðuklaustur Monastery – 1550 Reconstruction
Creators: name: Kennedy, Sarah
name: Oliver, Iain
name: Miller, Alan
name: Cassidy, Catherine Anne
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: The Skriðuklaustur cloister was the last one to be founded during Iceland’s Catholic period, i.e. shortly before the country’s 16th-century Reformation. It was thus active for less than six decades, and could scarcely be said to have flourished for more than about four decades. The deed of gift is still preserved whereby the couple Sesselja Þorsteinsdóttir and the local sheriff Hallsteinn Þorsteinsson, who lived on the other side of this valley at Víðivellir ytri, donated Skriða farm as the site for a cloister. Although this deed was signed on 8 June 1500, it is considered certain that the cloister was founded sooner, probably in 1493 when Stefán Jónsson, bishop at Skálholt, came on his first visitation to this valley. A legend tells of a 15th-century miracle here in the valley of Fljótsdalur. As was often the case, the Valþjófsstaðir priest rode his horse along the valley in order to attend to a dying parishioner. When he arrived, he discovered that he had lost everything he needed for the last sacrament, Extreme Unction, so a farm boy was sent looking. Following the well-worn trail, he was passing below the farmhouses at Skriða when he noticed the wine chalice standing full of wine on a grassy hummock, with the paten over it holding the bread. This was considered to be a miracle which, according to the legend, was commemorated by building a chapel here, with its altar located where the hummock had been. Somewhat later, the cloister was founded here.
The Tully-Fisher relation and its evolution with redshift in cosmological simulations of disc galaxy formation
Creators: name: Portinari, Laura
name: Sommer-Larsen, Jesper
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present predictions on the evolution of the Tully-Fisher (TF) relation with redshift, based on cosmological N-body/hydrodynamical simulations of disc galaxy formation and evolution. The simulations invoke star formation and stellar feedback, chemical evolution with non-instantaneous recycling, metallicity dependent radiative cooling and effects of a meta-galactic UV field, including simplified radiative transfer. At z=0, the simulated and empirical TF relations are offset by about 0.4 magnitudes (1 sigma) in the B and I bands. The origin of these offsets is somewhat unclear, but it may not necessarily be a problem of the simulations only. As to evolution, we find a brightening of the TF relation between z=0 and z=1 of about 0.85 mag in rest-frame B band, with a non-evolving slope. The brightening we predict is intermediate between the (still quite discrepant) observational estimates. This evolution is primarily a luminosity effect, while the stellar mass TF relation shows negligible evolution. The individual galaxies do gain stellar mass between z=1 and z=0, by a 50-100%; but they also correspondingly increase their characteristic circular speed. As a consequence, individually they mainly evolve ALONG the stellar mass TF relation, while the relation as such does not show any significant evolution.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures; minor revisions and added references; version accepted for publication on MNRAS. Fig. 1,2,3,4 available also in colour version from the source files
Upgrading SPHERE with the second stage AO system SAXO+: frequency-based data-driven controller for adaptive optics
Creators: name: Dinis, Isaac
name: Wildi, François
name: Ségransan, Damien
name: Gupta, Vaibhav
name: Karimi, Alireza
name: Tallon, Michel
name: Bosc, Isabelle
name: Langlois, Maud
name: Loupias, Magali
name: Bechet, Clémentine
name: Thiébaut, Eric
name: Goulas, Charles
name: Ferreira, Florian
name: Boccaletti, Anthony
name: Vidal, Fabrice
name: Kulcsar, Caroline
name: Raynaud, Henri-François
name: Galland, Nicolas
name: Kasper, Markus
name: Milli, Julien
name: Mouillet, David
name: Schreiber, Laura
name: Diolaiti, Emiliano
name: Gratton, Raffaele
name: Chauvin, Gael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This study introduces a novel frequency-based data-driven controller for adaptive optics, using power spectral density for optimization while ensuring stability criteria. It addresses disturbance rejection, command amplitude constraints and system transfer functions through convex optimization to obtain an optimal control in an infinite input response filter form. Evaluated within the SAXO+ project, it demonstrates efficacy under diverse atmospheric conditions and operational scenarios. The proposed controller is tested in both standard and disentangled adaptive optics schemes, showcasing its adaptability and performance. Experimental validation is conducted using the COMPASS simulation tool, affirming the controller's promise for enhancing adaptive optics systems in real-world applications.
Comparisons of Fuzzy MRAS and PID Controllers for EMS Maglev Train
Creators: name: Jibril, Mustefa
name: Tadese, Eliyas Alemayehu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this paper, a Magnetic Levitation (MAGLEV) train is designed with a first degree of freedom electromagnetbased totally system that permits to levitate vertically up and down. Fuzzy logic, PID and MRAS controllers are used to improve the Magnetic Levitation train passenger comfort and road handling. A matlab Simulink model is used to compare the performance of the three controllers using step input signals. The stability of the Magnetic Levitation train is analyzed using root locus technique. Controller output response for different time period and change of air gap with different time period is analyzed for the three controllers. Finally the comparative simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented fuzzy logic controller.
Young Kinematically Decoupled Components in Early-Type Galaxies
Creators: name: McDermid, Richard M.
name: Emsellem, Eric
name: Shapiro, Kristen L.
name: Bacon, R.
name: Bureau, M.
name: Cappellari, Michele
name: Davies, Roger L.
name: de Zeeuw, P. T.
name: Falcon-Barroso, Jesus
name: Krajnovic, Davor
name: Kuntschner, Harald
name: Peletier, Reynier F.
name: Sarzi, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results from a series of follow-up observations of a sub-sample of the representative SAURON survey elliptical (E) and lenticular (S0) galaxies using the OASIS integral-field spectrograph. These observations focus on the central 10" x 10", with roughly double the spatial resolution of the SAURON observations. This increased spatial resolution reveals a number of interesting and previously unresolved features in the measured stellar kinematics and absorption-line strengths. We find that galaxies exhibiting the youngest global stellar populations (as measured with SAURON) often contain a distinctly young central region (on scales of a few hundred parsec or less) compared to the rest of the galaxy. Moreover, these compact, young components are found to be mostly counter-rotating with respect to the rest of the galaxy. Given that there is no well-established reason for such young components to `prefer' counter- over co-rotation, this finding raises the following questions: How common are these small KDCs as a function of age? Why are there more young than old compact KDCs? Where are the equivalent co-rotating components? We explore these questions using simple simulated velocity fields and stellar population models, and find that the fading of the young component as it evolves, coupled with the fact that counter-rotating components are more easily detected in the velocity field, may help explain the observed trends.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, to appear in "Science Perspectives for 3D Spectroscopy", eds. M. Kissler-Patig, M. M. Roth and J. R. Walsh, ESO Astrophysics Symposia. A version with full resolution figures is available at http://www.strw.leidenuniv.nl/~mcdermid/mcdermid_euro3d_eso_20060214.pdf
Breathy vs. clear wordlist and vowels (56 F, 60 F)
Creators: name: Chaiyapha, Somwong
name: Intanai, Thongwilai
name: Thawichart, Somphong
name: Lau-Preechathammarach, Raksit Tyler
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: kdt

description: Elicitation of breathy/clear minimal pairs interspersed with other words targeting various vowels. ThwIn in background. Recorder: Zoom H4n. Microphone: C544-L Headset Microphone (x2).
Ultra-fast Double Pulse All-Optical Re-switching of a Ferrimagnet
Creators: name: Banerjee, C.
name: Rode, K.
name: Atcheson, G.
name: Lenne, S.
name: Stamenov, P.
name: Coey, J. M. D.
name: Besbas, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: All-optical re-switching has been investigated in the half-metallic Heusler ferrimagnet Mn2Ru0.9Ga, where Mn atoms occupy two inequivalent sites in the XA-type structure. The effect of a second 200 fs 800 nm pump pulse that follows a first pulse, when both are above the threshold for switching, is studied as a function of t12, the time between them. The aims are to identify the physical mechanisms involved and to determine the minimum time needed for re-switching. The time trajectory of the switching process on a plot of sublattice angular momentum, S4a vs S4c, is in three stages; When t < 0.1 ps, the sublattice moments are rapidly disordered, but not destroyed, while conserving net angular momentum via optical spin-wave excitations. This leads to transient parallel alignment of the residual Mn spins in the first quadrant. The net angular momentum associated with the majority sublattice then flips in about 2 ps, and a fully-reversed ferrimagnetic state is then established via the spin-lattice interaction, which allows re-switching provided t12 > 10 ps.
description: 13 pages - 4 figures
Temperature dependent Fermi arcs in the normal state of the underdoped cuprate superconductors
Creators: name: Paramekanti, A.
name: Zhao, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Angle resolved photoemission experiments by Kanigel, et al (cond-mat/0605499) [Nature Physics 2, 447 (2006)] have made a remarkable observation that low energy electronic excitations in the normal state of underdoped cuprate superconductors exist on open ``Fermi arcs'' instead of a closed Fermi surface. These arcs shrink upon cooling, with the arc length appearing to extrapolate to nodal points at zero temperature. We show that this striking non-Fermi liquid behavior could result from the underdoped normal state above Tc lying in the vicinity of a quantum phase transition between a d-wave superconductor and a correlated insulating phase.
description: 4+ pages, 4 eps figures (significantly revised draft including spectral function plots - submitted to PRB)
Density matrices for finite segments of Heisenberg chains of arbitrary length
Creators: name: Damerau, Jens
name: Göhmann, Frank
name: Hasenclever, Nils P.
name: Klümper, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive a multiple integral representing the ground state density matrix of a segment of length $m$ of the XXZ spin chain on $L$ lattice sites, which depends on $L$ only parametrically. This allows us to treat chains of arbitrary finite length. Specializing to the isotropic limit of the XXX chain we show for small $m$ that the multiple integrals factorize. We conjecture that this property holds for arbitrary $m$ and suggest an exponential formula for the density matrix which involves only a double Cauchy type integral in the exponent. We demonstrate the efficiency of our formula by computing the next-to-nearest neighbour $zz$-correlation function for chain lengths ranging from two to macroscopic numbers.
description: 19 pages, Latex, 3 figures; v2 minor corrections, a reference updated, v3 typos in the text and in eq. (54) corrected