cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Control of wavepacket spreading in nonlinear finite disordered lattices
Creators: name: Flach, Rodrigo A. Vicencio And Sergej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the absence of nonlinearity all normal modes (NMs) of a chain with disorder are spatially localized (Anderson localization). We study the action of nonlinearity, whose strength is ramped linearly in time. It leads to a spreading of a wavepacket due to interaction with and population of distant NMs. Eventually the nonlinearity induced frequency shifts take over, and the wavepacket becomes selftrapped. On finite chains a critical ramping speed is obtained, which separates delocalized final states from localized ones. The critical value depends on the strength of disorder and is largest when the localization length matches the system size.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, submitted to PRE
ENCUESTA VPPB.docx
Creators: name: ALEJANDRA ESPINOZA
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 110315 Otorhinolaryngology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: ENCUESTA PARA CONOCER EL MANEJO DE VERTIGO POSTURAL PAROXISTICO BENIGNO EN MEXICO
Shape transitions in neutron-rich Yb, Hf, W, Os, and Pt isotopes within a Skyrme Hartree-Fock + BCS approach
Creators: name: Sarriguren, P.
name: Rodriguez-Guzman, R.
name: Robledo, L. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Self-consistent axially symmetric Skyrme Hartree-Fock plus BCS calculations are performed to study the evolution of shapes with the number of nucleons in various chains of Yb, Hf, W, Os, and Pt isotopes from neutron number N=110 up to N=122. Potential energy curves are analyzed in a search for signatures of oblate-prolate phase shape transitions and results from various Skyrme and pairing forces are considered. Comparisons with results obtained with the Gogny interaction as well as with relativistic mean field calculations are presented. The role of the $γ$ degree of freedom is also discussed.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev. C
Synchronization on directed small worlds: feed forward loops and cycles
Creators: name: Brede, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we investigate the influence of directed motifs on the synchronization properties of Kuramoto oscillators on directed networks. Building different types of sparse directed small world networks similar to the Watts and Strogatz procedure we establish that feed forward loops favour synchronization on directed networks. The paper highlights the importance of local network characteristics for synchronization.
ANALYSIS OF THE DIFFICULTIES OF BUSINESS TRANSLATION AND INTERPRETATION (FROM ENGLISH LANGUAGE INTO RUSSIAN LANGUAGE) ILLUSTRATED THROUGH NEOLOGISMS, IDIOMS, ABBREVIATIONS AND METAPHORS
Creators: name: Makeeva, Aleksandra
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Linguistics
subject: FOS: Languages and literature
subject: 130203 Economics, Business and Management Curriculum and Pedagogy
subject: FOS: Educational sciences

description: This article discusses the problems of translating and interpreting business idioms, metaphors, neologisms, and abbreviations. The main types of phraseological units are analyzed, the difficulties of business translation are identified. The article sets the task of considering options for solving the problem of translating phraseological units.В данной статье рассмотрены проблемы перевода бизнес-идиом, метафор, неологизмов и аббревиатур в устных и письменных текстах. Проанализированы основные виды фразеологических единиц, выявлены трудности перевода в сфере бизнеса. В статье ставятся задачи рассмотрения вариантов решения проблемы перевода фразеологических единиц.
Critical behavior of the compact 3d U(1) theory in the limit of zero spatial coupling
Creators: name: Borisenko, Oleg
name: Gravina, Mario
name: Papa, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Critical properties of the compact three-dimensional U(1) lattice gauge theory are explored at finite temperatures on an asymmetric lattice. For vanishing value of the spatial gauge coupling one obtains an effective two-dimensional spin model which describes the interaction between Polyakov loops. We study numerically the effective spin model for N_t=1,4,8 on lattices with spatial extension ranging from L=64 to L=256. Our results indicate that the finite-temperature U(1) lattice gauge theory belongs to the universality class of the two-dimensional XY model, thus supporting the Svetitsky-Yaffe conjecture.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures; two references added, a few comments included, title changed; version to appear on J. Stat. Mech
Universality in the Photophysics of pi-Conjugated Polymers and Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Creators: name: Mazumdar, Sumit
name: Wang, Zhendong
name: Zhao, Hongbo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe both pi-conjugated polymers and semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes because of the remarkable similarities in their behavior under photoexcitation. The common themes between these two seemingly different classes of materials are pi-conjugation, quasi one-dimensionality, and strong Coulomb interactions. Theoretical understanding of both systems requires going beyond traditional band theory. We present our current understanding of the electronic structures and excited state absorptions in both systems within a common theoretical model. Our aim is to give physical interpretations of experiments that have been performed and to give guidance to future experimental work.
ФОРМУЛА ПРОДОЛЖЕНИЯ ОБОБЩЕННО ГОЛОМОРФНОГО ВЕКТОРА
Creators: name: Ermamatova, Fotima
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Рассматривается задача аналитического продолжения решения обобщенной системы Коши-Римана в трехмерной пространственной области по ее значениям на части границы этой области, т.е. задача Коши. Строится приближенное решение этой задачи, основанное на методе матрицы Карлемана.
On the consistency of (partially-)massless matter couplings in de Sitter space
Creators: name: Sleight, Charlotte
name: Taronna, Massimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the consistency of the cubic couplings of a (partially-)massless spinning field to two scalars in $\left(d+1\right)$-dimensional de Sitter space. Gauge invariance of observables with external (partially)-massless spinning fields translates into Ward-Takahashi identities on the boundary. Using the Mellin-Barnes representation for boundary correlators in momentum space, we give a systematic study of Ward-Takahashi identities for tree-level 3- and 4-point processes involving a single external (partially-)massless field of arbitrary integer spin-$J$. 3-point Ward-Takahashi identities constrain the mass of the scalar fields to which a (partially-)massless spin-$J$ field can couple. 4-point Ward-Takahashi identities then constrain the corresponding cubic couplings. For massless spinning fields, we show that Weinberg's flat space results carry over to $\left(d+1\right)$-dimensional de Sitter space: For spins $J=1,2$ gauge-invariance implies charge-conservation and the equivalence principle while, assuming locality, higher-spins $J>2$ cannot couple consistently to scalar matter. This result also applies to anti-de Sitter space. For partially-massless fields, restricting for simplicity to those of depth-2, we show that there is no consistent coupling to scalar matter in local theories. Along the way we give a detailed account of how contact amplitudes with and without derivatives are represented in the Mellin-Barnes representation. Various new explicit expressions for 3- and 4-point functions involving (partially-)massless fields and conformally coupled scalars in dS$_4$ are given.
description: 45 pages + appendices, 2 figures
Synchronization and Information Transmission in Spatio-Temporal Networks of Deformable Units
Creators: name: Kakmeni, F. M. Moukam
name: Baptista, M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the relationship between synchronization and the rate with which information is exchanged between nodes in a spatio-temporal network that describes the dynamics of classical particles under a substrate Remoissenet-Peyrard potential. We also show how phase and complete synchronization can be detected in this network. The difficulty in detecting phase synchronization in such a network appears due to the highly non-coherent character of the particle dynamics which unables a proper definition of the phase dynamics. The difficulty in detecting complete synchronization appears due to the spatio character of the potential which results in an asymptotic state highly dependent on the initial state.
description: to appear in PRAMANA
Frequency Variation of the Kilohertz Quasi-periodic Oscillations and the Flux of the Band-limited Noise in Scorpius X-1
Creators: name: Cao, Xiaofeng
name: Yu, Wenfei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the kilohertz quasi-periodic oscillations (kHz QPOs) and the band-limited noise (BLN) in the 0.5--16 Hz range observed simultaneously on the horizontal branch (HB) and on the upper normal branch (NB) of the brightest neutron star Low-mass X-ray Binary (LMXB) Scorpius X--1 with the observations performed with the {\it Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE)}. We find that the twin kHz QPO frequencies are positively correlated with the flux variations taking place on the BLN time scales on the HB, in contrast to the anti-correlation held on the time scale of the normal branch oscillation (NBO) on the NB reported previously, suggesting that although they occur in sequence along the color-color tracks, the BLN and the NBO are of different origins. We also show the evidence that the frequency separation between the twin kHz QPOs decreases with the flux by $2\sim~3$ Hz on the BLN time scales, which is consistent with the trend on the longer time scale that the Z source traces the HB. This further suggests that the flux variation associated with the BLN originates from the mass accretion rate variation in the disk accretion flow. We discuss the implications of these results for our understanding of the BLN.
description: 20 pages include 6 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Bound Excitons in Sr$_{2}$CuO$_{3}$
Creators: name: Kim, K. W.
name: Gu, G. D.
name: Homes, C. C.
name: Noh, T. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigated temperature dependent optical spectra of the one-dimensional chain compound Sr$_{2}$CuO$_{3}$. The charge transfer transition polarized along the chain direction shows a strongly asymmetric line shape as expected in one-dimensional extended Hubbard model. At low temperature the charge transfer peak shows a large blue shift and reveals additional sharp peaks at the gap. Even though many spectroscopic studies suggest that this material can not have a bound exciton based on the one-dimensional extended Hubbard model, we attribute the additional sharp peaks to excitons, which come to exist due to the long range Coulomb interaction.
description: 4 figures
title: Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Organisation, List of Authors
Creators: name: Hardy, Bradley
name: Qazi, Abroon
name: Ravizza, Stefan
Publisher: name: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Front Matter
subject: Table of Contents
subject: Preface
subject: Organisation
subject: List of Authors

description: Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Organisation, List of Authors
description: OASIcs, Vol. 50, 5th Student Conference on Operational Research (SCOR 2016), pages 0:i-0:xii
Effect of heterostructure engineering on electronic structure and transport properties of two-dimensional halide perovskites
Creators: name: Singh, Rahul
name: Singh, Prashant
name: Balasubramania, Ganesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Organic-inorganic halide perovskite solar cells have attracted much attention due to their low-cost fabrication, flexibility, and high-power conversion efficiency. More recent efforts show that the reduction from three- to two-dimensions (2D) of organic-inorganic halide perovskites promises an exciting opportunity to tune their electronic properties. Here, we explore the effect of reduced dimensionality and heterostructure engineering on the intrinsic material properties, such as energy stability, bandgap and transport properties of 2D hybrid organic-inorganic halide perovskites using first-principles density functional theory. We show that the energetic stability is significantly enhanced by engineered perovskite heterostructures that also possess excellent transport properties similar to their bulk counterparts. These layered chemistries also demonstrate the advantage of a broad range of tunable bandgaps and high-absorption coefficient in the visible spectrum. The proposed 2D heterostructured material holds potential for nano-optoelectronic devices as well as for effective photovoltaics.
description: 25 pages (20 main text, 5 supplement), 11 figures (6 in main text; 5 in supplement). arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1807.01221
Dimensionality reduction in translational noninvariant wave guides
Creators: name: Voo, Khee-Kyun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A scheme to reduce translational noninvariant quasi-one-dimensional wave guides into singly or multiply connected one-dimensional (1D) lines is proposed. It is meant to simplify the analysis of wave guides, with the low-energy properties of the guides preserved. Guides comprising uniform-cross-sectional sections and discontinuities such as bends and branching junctions are considered. The uniform sections are treated as 1D lines, and the discontinuities are described by equations sets connecting the wave functions on the lines. The procedures to derive the equations and to solve reduced systems are illustrated by examples, and the scheme is found to apply when the discontinuities are distant and the energy is low. When the scheme applies, it may substantially simplify the analysis of a wave guide, and hence the scheme may find uses in the study of related problems, such as quantum wire networks.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures
A semiparametric Bayesian approach to epidemics, with application to the spread of the coronavirus MERS in South Korea in 2015
Creators: name: Schweinberger, Michael
name: Bomiriya, Rashmi P.
name: Babkin, Sergii
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider incomplete observations of stochastic processes governing the spread of infectious diseases through finite populations by way of contact. We propose a flexible semiparametric modeling framework with at least three advantages. First, it enables researchers to study the structure of a population contact network and its impact on the spread of infectious diseases. Second, it can accommodate short- and long-tailed degree distributions and detect potential superspreaders, who represent an important public health concern. Third, it addresses the important issue of incomplete data. Starting from first principles, we show when the incomplete-data generating process is ignorable for the purpose of Bayesian inference for the parameters of the population model. We demonstrate the semiparametric modeling framework by simulations and an application to the partially observed MERS epidemic in South Korea in 2015. We conclude with an extended discussion of open questions and directions for future research.
Test the growth models of black hole by jointing LIGO and Insight-HXMT observations
Creators: name: Yang, Rong-Jia
name: Guo, Zhiwei
name: Zheng, Yaoguang
name: Zhang, Shuang-Nan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The growth model of black hole is still a controversial topic. In the stationary metric, all in-falling matter must be accumulated outside the event horizon of the black hole, as clocked by a distant external observer. In the time-dependent metric, all in-falling matter can fall into the event horizon of the final black hole within very short time. We test these two growth models by joining LIGO and Insight-HXMT observations. We find the stationary model is inconsistent with LIGO and Insight-HXMT observations.
description: 6 pages
Statefinder parameters for quantum effective Yang-Mills condensate dark energy model
Creators: name: Tong, Minglei
name: Zhang, Yang
name: Xia, Tianyang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum effective Yang-Mills condensate (YMC) dark energy model has some distinguished features that it naturally solves the coincidence problem and, at the same time, is able to give an equation of state $w$ crossing -1. In this work we further employ the Statefinder pair $(r,s)$ introduced by Sahni et al to diagnose the YMC model for three cases: the non-coupling, the YMC decaying into matter only, and the YMC decaying into both matter and radiation. The trajectories $(r,s)$ and $(r,q)$, and the evolutions $r(z)$, $s(z)$ are explicitly presented. It is found that, the YMC model in all three cases has $r\simeq 1$ for $ z < 10$ and $s\simeq 0$ for $z<5$ with only small deviations $\simeq 0.02$, quite close to the cosmological constant model (LCDM), but is obviously differentiated from other dark energy models, such as quiesence, kinessence etc.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Int. J. Mod. Phys. D
Iterated function systems, moments, and transformations of infinite matrices
Creators: name: Jorgensen, Palle
name: Kornelson, Keri
name: Shuman, Karen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47A57, 46F12, 47B25

description: We study the moments of equilibrium measures for iterated function systems (IFSs) and draw connections to operator theory. Our main object of study is the infinite matrix which encodes all the moment data of a Borel measure on R^d or C. To encode the salient features of a given IFS into precise moment data, we establish an interdependence between IFS equilibrium measures, the encoding of the sequence of moments of these measures into operators, and a new correspondence between the IFS moments and this family of operators in Hilbert space. For a given IFS, our aim is to establish a functorial correspondence in such a way that the geometric transformations of the IFS turn into transformations of moment matrices, or rather transformations of the operators that are associated with them. We first examine the classical existence problem for moments, culminating in a new proof of the existence of a Borel measure on R or C with a specified list of moments. Next, we consider moment problems associated with affine and non-affine IFSs. Our main goal is to determine conditions under which an intertwining relation is satisfied by the moment matrix of an equilibrium measure of an IFS. Finally, using the famous Hilbert matrix as our prototypical example, we study boundedness and spectral properties of moment matrices viewed as Kato-Friedrichs operators on weighted l^2 spaces.
description: 115 pages, submitted for publication
Probing the low-x structure of nuclear matter with diffractive hadron production in pA collisions
Creators: name: Li, Yang
name: Tuchin, Kirill
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that hadron production in coherent diffraction of proton on a heavy nucleus provides a very sensitive probe of the low-x QCD dynamics. This process probes the BFKL dynamics in proton and the non-linear gluon evolution in nucleus. We calculate the diffractive hadron production cross sections in the RHIC and LHC kinematic regions. To study the nuclear effects we introduce the diffractive nuclear modification factor. We show that unlike the nuclear modification factor for inclusive hadron production that has a very interesting dynamics at RHIC but is expected to be almost completely saturated at the LHC, the nuclear modification factor for diffractive production exhibits a non-trivial behavior both at RHIC and LHC.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures
Sozio-technische Artefaktanalyse.
Creators: name: Van Keeken, Alan
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Artefaktanalyse
subject: Materielle Kultur
subject: Bananenstecker
subject: 780 Musik

description: Das vom BMBF geförderte Verbundprojekt „Musikobjekte der populären Kultur“ hat sich zum Ziel gesetzt, Musikgeschichte in Deutschland seit 1945 über ihre materielle Kultur zu erschließen. Im Mittelpunkt des Teilprojektes „Generatoren des Sounds“ stehen dabei die Musikproduktion, die Instrumenten- und Aufnahmetechnologie sowie die technische Peripherie. Dazu wird ein explorativer Korpus von Objekten mithilfe einer sozio-technischen Artefaktanalyse erschlossen. Der vorliegende Beitrag versteht sich als Werkstattbericht und als Vorschlag, wie über Spuren am Objekt hinaus besondere Quellen Anhaltspunkte über Gebrauch und Bedeutung im Kontext der Geschichte populärer Musik geben können. Das wird am Beispiel der vorläufigen Forschungsergebnisse zum Flachstecker Dp 10 der Firma Hirschmann GmbH & Co. aus dem Jahr 1959 demonstriert. Das Objekt, umgangssprachlich als „Bananenstecker“ bezeichnet, verband ab den 1950er Jahren Musikinstrument und Röhrenradio. Letzteres ersetzte häufig den professionellen Verstärker. Während die Firma den Stecker für die Verwendung im Hi-Fi-Bereich vorsah, in dem passiver Musikkonsum im Mittelpunkt stand, widmeten junge Musiker_innen den Stecker zu einem Teil früher Rock-Assemblagen um.
The problem of engines in statistical physics
Creators: name: Alicki, Robert
name: Gelbwaser-Klimovsky, David
name: Jenkins, Alejandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Engines are open systems that can generate work cyclically, at the expense of an external disequilibrium. They are ubiquitous in nature and technology, but the course of mathematical physics over the last 300 years has tended to make their dynamics in time a theoretical blind spot. This has hampered the usefulness of statistical mechanics applied to active systems, including living matter. We argue that recent advances in the theory of open quantum systems, coupled with renewed interest in understanding how active forces result from positive feedback between different macroscopic degrees of freedom in the presence of dissipation, point to a more realistic description of autonomous engines. We propose a general conceptualization of an engine that helps clarify the distinction between its heat and work outputs. Based on this, we show how the external loading force and the thermal noise may be incorporated into the relevant equations of motion. This modifies the usual Fokker-Planck and Langevin equations, offering a thermodynamically complete formulation of the irreversible dynamics of simple oscillating and rotating engines.
description: 25 pages, 7 figures
Quantum-Optical Spectrometry in Relativistic Laser-Plasma Interactions Using the High-Harmonic Generation Process: A Proposal
Creators: name: Lamprou, Theocharis
name: Lopez-Martens, Rodrigo
name: Haessler, Stefan
name: Liontos, Ioannis
name: Kahaly, Subhendu
name: Rivera-Dean, Javier
name: Stammer, Philipp
name: Pisanty, Emilio
name: Ciappina, Marcelo F.
name: Lewenstein, Maciej
name: Tzallas, Paraskevas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum-optical spectrometry is a recently developed shot-to-shot photon correlation-based method, namely using a quantum spectrometer (QS), that has been used to reveal the quantum optical nature of intense laser-matter interactions and connect the research domains of quantum optics (QO) and strong laser-field physics (SLFP). The method provides the probability of absorbing photons from a driving laser field towards the generation of a strong laser-field interaction product, such as high-order harmonics. In this case, the harmonic spectrum is reflected in the photon number distribution of the infrared (IR) driving field after its interaction with the high harmonic generation medium. The method was implemented in non-relativistic interactions using high harmonics produced by the interaction of strong laser pulses with atoms and semiconductors. Very recently, it was used for the generation of non-classical light states in intense laser-atom interaction, building the basis for studies of quantum electrodynamics in strong laser-field physics and the development of a new class of non-classical light sources for applications in quantum technology. Here, after a brief introduction of the QS method, we will discuss how the QS can be applied in relativistic laser-plasma interactions and become the driving factor for initiating investigations on relativistic quantum electrodynamics.
An Atomic-resolution nanomechanical mass sensor
Creators: name: Jensen, K.
name: Kim, Kwanpyo
name: Zettl, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mechanical resonators are widely used as inertial balances to detect small quantities of adsorbed mass through shifts in oscillation frequency[1]. Advances in lithography and materials synthesis have enabled the fabrication of nanoscale mechanical resonators[2, 3, 4, 5, 6], which have been operated as precision force[7], position[8, 9] and mass sensors[10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]. Here we demonstrate a room-temperature, carbon-nanotube-based nanomechanical resonator with atomic mass resolution. This device is essentially a mass spectrometer with a mass sensitivity of 1.3 times 10^-25 kg Hz^-1/2 or, equivalently, 0.40 gold atoms Hz^-1/2. Using this extreme mass sensitivity, we observe atomic mass shot noise, which is analogous to the electronic shot noise[16, 17] measured in many semiconductor experiments. Unlike traditional mass spectrometers, nanomechanical mass spectrometers do not require the potentially destructive ionization of the test sample, are more sensitive to large molecules, and could eventually be incorporated on a chip.
WHO Bulletin Supplementary Materials - Impact of engaging religious leaders to promote safe burial practices during the 2014–2016 Ebola outbreak, Sierra Leone
Creators: name: Padraig Lyons
name: Winters, Maike
name: Nordenstedt, Helena
name: Sengeh, Paul
name: Schmidt-Hellerau, Kirsten
name: Jalloh, Mohamed F
name: Jalloh, Mohammed B
name: Zangin Zeebari
name: FOCUS 1000
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplementary materials for WHO Bulletin paper - BLT/2020/263202
1. Supplementary table 1 - variable information 2. The Islamic point of view on infectious disease or epidemics such as Ebola, cholera and Lassa fever. 3. Questions on biblical facts to support the Ebola response
Hybrid Deep Neural Network for Brachial Plexus Nerve Segmentation in Ultrasound Images
Creators: name: van Boxtel, Juul P. A.
name: Vousten, Vincent R. J.
name: Pluim, Josien
name: Rad, Nastaran Mohammadian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.4.6

description: Ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia (UGRA) can replace general anesthesia (GA), improving pain control and recovery time. This method can be applied on the brachial plexus (BP) after clavicular surgeries. However, identification of the BP from ultrasound (US) images is difficult, even for trained professionals. To address this problem, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and more advanced deep neural networks (DNNs) can be used for identification and segmentation of the BP nerve region. In this paper, we propose a hybrid model consisting of a classification model followed by a segmentation model to segment BP nerve regions in ultrasound images. A CNN model is employed as a classifier to precisely select the images with the BP region. Then, a U-net or M-net model is used for the segmentation. Our experimental results indicate that the proposed hybrid model significantly improves the segmentation performance over a single segmentation model.
description: The first two authors contributed equally
Face-masks save us from SARS-CoV-2 transmission
Creators: name: Bagheri, Gholamhossein
name: Thiede, Birte
name: Hejazi, Bardia
name: Schlenczek, Oliver
name: Bodenschatz, Eberhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results on the infection risk from SARS-CoV-2 under different scenarios based on measured particle size-dependent mask penetration, measured total inward leakage, measured human aerosol emission for sizes from 10nm to 1mm, and re-hydration on inhalation. Well-mixed room models significantly underestimate the risk of infection for short and direct exposure. To this end, we estimate the upper bound for infection risk with the susceptible in the infectious exhalation cloud or wearing masks by having the masked susceptible inhale the entire exhalation of a masked infectious. Social distances without a mask, even at 3m between speaking individuals results in an upper bound of 90\% for risk of infection after a few minutes. If both wear a surgical mask, the risk of infection for the person speaking remains below 26\% even after 60 minutes. When both the infectious and susceptible wear a well-fitting FFP2 mask, the upper bound for risk is reduced by a factor of 60 compared to surgical masks. In both cases, face leakage is very important. For FFP2 masks, leakage is low in the nasal region and directed upward, which can be further reduced significantly by applying double-sided medical tape there. Considering that the calculated upper bound greatly overestimates the risk of infection, and the fact that with a poorly worn mask even the upper bound we calculated is very low, we conclude that wearing a mask, even with some leakage, provides excellent third party and self-protection.
Reactor monitoring and safeguards using antineutrino detectors
Creators: name: Bowden, N. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nuclear reactors have served as the antineutrino source for many fundamental physics experiments. The techniques developed by these experiments make it possible to use these very weakly interacting particles for a practical purpose. The large flux of antineutrinos that leaves a reactor carries information about two quantities of interest for safeguards: the reactor power and fissile inventory. Measurements made with antineutrino detectors could therefore offer an alternative means for verifying the power history and fissile inventory of a reactors, as part of International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and other reactor safeguards regimes. Several efforts to develop this monitoring technique are underway across the globe.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, Proceedings of XXIII International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics (Neutrino 2008); v2: minor additions to references
Nanograin ferromagnets from non-magnetic bulk materials: the case of gold nanoclusters
Creators: name: Kucska, Nóra
name: Gulacsi, Zsolt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ferromagnetism of Au nanograins is analysed based on a two-dimensional itinerant lattice model with on-site Coulomb repulsion, many-body spin-orbit interactions, and holding two hybridized bands, one correlated and one uncorrelated. Using periodic boundary conditions in both directions, an exact ferromagnetic ground state is deduced for this non-integrable system by applying special techniques based on positive semidefinite operators.
The quantum equivariant cohomology of toric manifolds through mirror symmetry
Creators: name: Baptista, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Using mirror symmetry as described by Hori and Vafa, we compute the quantum equivariant cohomology ring of toric manifolds. This ring arises naturally in topological gauged sigma-models and is related to the Hamiltonian Gromov-Witten invariants of the target manifold.
description: 13 pages; v2: added comments and references, published version
Morphological classification of compact and extended radio galaxies using convolutional neural networks and data augmentation techniques
Creators: name: Maslej-Krešňáková, Viera
name: Bouchefry, Khadija El
name: Butka, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Machine learning techniques have been increasingly used in astronomical applications and have proven to successfully classify objects in image data with high accuracy. The current work uses archival data from the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty Centimeters (FIRST) to classify radio galaxies into four classes: Fanaroff-Riley Class I (FRI), Fanaroff-Riley Class II (FRII), Bent-Tailed (BENT), and Compact (COMPT). The model presented in this work is based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). The proposed architecture comprises three parallel blocks of convolutional layers combined and processed for final classification by two feed-forward layers. Our model classified selected classes of radio galaxy sources on an independent testing subset with an average of 96\% for precision, recall, and F1 score. The best selected augmentation techniques were rotations, horizontal or vertical flips, and increase of brightness. Shifts, zoom and decrease of brightness worsened the performance of the model. The current results show that model developed in this work is able to identify different morphological classes of radio galaxies with a high efficiency and performance
description: 12 pages, 7 figures, 9 tables, published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Exact Results for the Kuramoto Model with a Bimodal Frequency Distribution
Creators: name: Martens, E. A.
name: Barreto, E.
name: Strogatz, S. H.
name: Ott, E.
name: So, P.
name: Antonsen, T. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze a large system of globally coupled phase oscillators whose natural frequencies are bimodally distributed. The dynamics of this system has been the subject of long-standing interest. In 1984 Kuramoto proposed several conjectures about its behavior; ten years later, Crawford obtained the first analytical results by means of a local center manifold calculation. Nevertheless, many questions have remained open, especially about the possibility of global bifurcations. Here we derive the system's complete stability diagram for the special case where the bimodal distribution consists of two equally weighted Lorentzians. Using an ansatz recently discovered by Ott and Antonsen, we show that in this case the infinite-dimensional problem reduces exactly to a flow in four dimensions. Depending on the parameters and initial conditions, the long-term dynamics evolves to one of three states: incoherence, where all the oscillators are desynchronized; partial synchrony, where a macroscopic group of phase-locked oscillators coexists with a sea of desynchronized ones; and a standing wave state, where two counter-rotating groups of phase-locked oscillators emerge. Analytical results are presented for the bifurcation boundaries between these states. Similar results are also obtained for the case in which the bimodal distribution is given by the sum of two Gaussians.
description: 28 pages, 7 figures; submitted to Phys. Rev. E Added comments
The volume of a differentiable stack
Creators: name: Weinstein, Alan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 58H05; 53D17

description: We extend the notion of the cardinality of a discrete groupoid (equal to the Euler characteristic of the corresponding discrete orbifold) to the setting of Lie groupoids. Since this quantity is an invariant under equivalence of groupoids, we call it the volume of the associated stack rather than of the groupoid itself. Since there is no natural measure in the smooth case like the counting measure in the discrete case, we need extra data to define the volume. This data has the form of an invariant section of a natural line bundle over the groupoid. Sections of a square root of this line bundle constitute an "intrinsic Hilbert space" of the stack.
description: 20 pages, To appear in proceedings of Poisson 2008 (Lausanne, July 2008), further minor revisions
Relationships between personality and demograhic variables and treatment outcome in an alcoholism treatment center
Creators: name: LaRoy, Robert Wesley
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships of client pretreatment characteristics to treatment outcome (measured in terms of alcohol drinking behaviour 1 year after treatment) of 141 male alcoholics admitted to an alcoholism treatment center in British Columbia during the past 3 years. Data gathered prior to treatment included: (a) Demographic data: (i) Age, (ii) Level of Education, (iii) Marital Status; (b) Psychological test data: (i) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, (ii) Edwards Personal Preference Schedule, (iii) Sixteen Personality Factors Questionnaire, (iv) Alcohol Addiction Test, (v) Shipley-Institute of Living Scale; and (c) Duration of Treatment data. The outcome classifications (successes and failures) were based on information from letters, cards, and phone calls made by former clients to their counsellors during the criterion time-period, as well as through return visits made by clients to confirm sobriety, and finally through employer and grapevine reports. The t-test for significance of differences between means was conducted on the variables, Age, Level of Education, and Duration of Treatment, while the Chi-square test of independence was conducted on the variable Marital Status. The psychological test data were put into proportional form with an ArcSin transformation, so that the unique amounts of variance contributed by each variable to the total.could be properly compared. Discriminant analysis in two steps was then performed on the psychological test data, seeking to discover those variables which contributed significantly to discrimination between the outcome groups in a predictive sense. The variables chosen by the discriminant process were then correlated among one another in order to illustrate the nature of relationships of each scale (variable) to the others. Results showed that there were no statistically significant differences for any of the demographic variables, and similarly for the 'duration of treatment' variable. However, the discriminant analysis procedures revealed four psychological variables (scales) that maximally discriminated between outcome groups, and when considered together, explained 19% of the total variance on the criterion measure, and correctly classified 68.1% of the cases. These four variables were scales 'PA' (Paranoia), 'MA' (Hypomania), and 'SI' (Social Introversion) from the MMPI, and scale 'N' (Forthright vs. Shrewd) from the 16 PF. Correlations among these scales revealed a low, with definite but small relationship between scales 'MA' and 'PA' (r =0.37, p < .001), 'PA' and 'SA' (r = 0.30, p < .001), and a slight, almost negligible relationship between scales 'MA' and 'N' (r = -0.16, p < .026). Correlations between 'MA' and 'SI', 'SI' and 'N', and 'N' and 'PA' were not significant.
A global view on star formation: The GLOSTAR Galactic Plane Survey. I. Overview and first results for the Galactic longitude range 28° < l < 36°
Creators: name: Brunthaler, A.
name: Menten, K. M.
name: Dzib, S. A.
name: Cotton, W. D.
name: Wyrowski, F.
name: Dokara, R.
name: Gong, Y.
name: Medina, S-N. X.
name: Müller, P.
name: Nguyen, H.
name: Ortiz-León, G. N.
name: Reich, W.
name: Rugel, M. R.
name: Urquhart, J. S.
name: Winkel, B.
name: Yang, A. Y.
name: Beuther, H.
name: Billington, S.
name: Carrasco-Gonzales, C.
name: Csengeri, T.
name: Murugeshan, C.
name: Pandian, J. D.
name: Roy, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Surveys of the Milky Way at various wavelengths have changed our view of star formation in our Galaxy considerably in recent years. In this paper we give an overview of the GLOSTAR survey, a new survey covering large parts (145 square degrees) of the northern Galactic plane using the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (JVLA) in the frequency range 4-8 GHz and the Effelsberg 100-m telescope. This provides for the first time a radio survey covering all angular scales down to 1.5 arcsecond, similar to complementary near-IR and mid-IR galactic plane surveys. We outline the main goals of the survey and give a detailed description of the observations and the data reduction strategy. In our observations we covered the radio continuum in full polarization, as well as the 6.7 GHz methanol maser line, the 4.8~GHz formaldehyde line, and seven radio recombination lines. The observations were conducted in the most compact D configuration of the VLA and in the more extended B configuration. This yielded spatial resolutions of 18" and 1.5" for the two configurations, respectively. We also combined the D configuration images with the Effelsberg 100-m data to provide zero spacing information, and we jointly imaged the D- and B-configuration data for optimal sensitivity of the intermediate spatial ranges. Here we show selected results for the first part of the survey, covering the range of 28 deg
description: 18 pages, 15 figures, accepted by Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A), data available via https://glostar.mpifr-bonn.mpg.de
Reconstruction of Worm Propagation Path Using a Trace-back Approach
Creators: name: Asgari, Sara
name: Sadeghiyan, Babak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Worm origin identification and propagation path reconstruction are essential problems in digital forensics. However, a small number of studies have specifically investigated these problems so far. In this paper, we extend a distributed trace-back algorithm, called Origins, which is only able to identify the origins of fast-spreading worms. We make some modifications to this algorithm so that in addition to identifying the worm origins, it can also reconstruct the propagation path. We also evaluate our extended algorithm. The results show that our algorithm can reconstruct the propagation path of worms with high recall and precision, on average around 0.96. Also, the algorithm identifies the origins correctly in all of our experiments.
Detuning effects in the vertical cold-atom micromaser
Creators: name: Martin, John
name: Bastin, Thierry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum theory of the cold atom micromaser including the effects of gravity is established in the general case where the cavity mode and the atomic transition frequencies are detuned. We show that atoms which classically would not reach the interaction region are able to emit a photon inside the cavity. The system turns out to be extremely sensitive to the detuning and in particular to its sign. A method to solve the equations of motion for non resonant atom-field interaction and arbitrary cavity modes is presented.
description: 11 pages
Accurate statistics of a flexible polymer chain in shear flow
Creators: name: Das, Dibyendu
name: Sabhapandit, Sanjib
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present exact and analytically accurate results for the problem of a flexible polymer chain in shear flow. Under such a flow the polymer tumbles, and the probability distribution of the tumbling times $τ$ of the polymer decays exponentially as $\sim \exp(-ατ/τ_0)$ (where $τ_0$ is the longest relaxation time). We show that for a Rouse chain, this nontrivial constant $α$ can be calculated in the limit of large Weissenberg number (high shear rate) and is in excellent agreement with our simulation result of $α\simeq 0.324$. We also derive exactly the distribution functions for the length and the orientational angles of the end-to-end vector of the polymer.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures. Minor changes. Texts differ slightly from the PRL published version
Telephone interview guide: Understanding barriers to substance abuse treatment
Creators: name: Pinedo, Miguel
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2016
Subjects: Substance use
Treatment
Disparities
Specialty treatment
Alcohol use
Treatment utilization
Racial/ethnic disparities

description: This two-year pilot study aimed to 1) to gain greater understanding of barriers to specialty substance abuse treatment among Whites, African Americans, and Latinos with lifetime substance abuse disorders; 2) to compare and contrast barriers to specialty substance abuse treatment by race/ethnicity and gender among participants with lifetime AUD; and 3) using findings from Aims 1 & 2, to develop a new quantitative scale to assess barriers to specialty substance abuse treatment