cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Torsion Gravity: a Reappraisal
Creators: name: Arcos, H. I.
name: Pereira, J. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The role played by torsion in gravitation is critically reviewed. After a description of the problems and controversies involving the physics of torsion, a comprehensive presentation of the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity is made. According to this theory, curvature and torsion are alternative ways of describing the gravitational field, and consequently related to the same degrees of freedom of gravity. However, more general gravity theories, like for example Einstein-Cartan and gauge theories for the Poincare and the affine groups, consider curvature and torsion as representing independent degrees of freedom. By using an active version of the strong equivalence principle, a possible solution to this conceptual question is reviewed. This solution favors ultimately the teleparallel point of view, and consequently the completeness of general relativity. A discussion of the consequences for gravitation is presented.
description: RevTeX, 34 pages. Review article to be published by Int. J. Mod. Phys. D
A Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis effector that alters plant development and increases susceptibility to pathogens interacts with BIM1, an Arabidopsis transcription factor involved in Brassinosteroids signalling
Creators: name: Bogino, María Florencia
name: Fabro, Georgina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: HaRxL106 is an effector from Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa), an obligated biotrophic oomycete pathogen of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. It has a modular structure, with an N-terminal RxLR domain that is probably implied in its translocation to the host cytosol and a C-terminal domain through which this effector interacts with several host proteins.Preliminar data of Yeast-two-Hybrid studies (Y2H) indicated HaRxL106 interaction with BIM1, a member of a small family of bHLH transcription factors. After brassinosteoid signal perception BIM1 heterodimerizes with BES1 activating many BR-responsive genes. We here confirmed the HaRxL106-BIM1 interaction in planta, by co-expressing both full-length proteins fused to either the N-terminal domain of YFP (YFPn-HaRxL106) or the C-terminal of CFP (BIM1-CPFc) and performing BiFC assays in N. benthamiana. Additionally, we developed Co-IP assays in the same plant using the YFP-HaRxL106 and BIM1-FLAG constructs. On the other hand, when HaRxL106 is constitutively expressed in planta, the transgenics phenocopy the Shade Avoidance Syndrome (SAS), and those plants are more susceptible to biotrophic and hemibiotrofic pathogens. Therefore, we are interested in elucidating if those phenotypes are dependent on BIM1. Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst DC3000) and Hpa (isolate Noco2) infection assays in bim123 knockout lines showed that these plants are more disease resistant compared to wild type (ecotype Col0), as we observed less bacterial growth, and reduced conidiophore production. Interestingly, bim123 plants produced less callose deposition when infiltrated with Pst DC3000, and showed reduced expression of the defense-gene marker PR1 after 24 hpi compared to control plants. Our results suggest that BIM1 could be a susceptibility factor for Hpa, being modulated by the HaRxL106 effector. To assess this, we continue investigating susceptibility phenotypes in bim123 plants transformed with HaRxL106 under the control of constitutive or inducible promoters.
Properties of nuclear matter in relativistic Brueckner-Hartree-Fock model with high-precision charge-dependent potentials
Creators: name: Wang, Chencan
name: Hu, Jinniu
name: Zhang, Ying
name: Shen, Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Properties of nuclear matter are investigated in the framework of relativistic Brueckner-Hartree-Fock model with the latest high-precision charge-dependent Bonn (pvCD-Bonn) potentials, where the coupling between pion and nucleon is adopted as pseudovector form. These realistic pvCD-Bonn potentials are renormalized to effective nucleon-nucleon ($NN$) interactions, $G$ matrices. They are obtained by solving the Blankenbecler-Sugar (BbS) equation in nuclear medium. Then, the saturation properties of symmetric nuclear matter are calculated with pvCD-Bonn A, B, C potentials. The energies per nucleon are around $-10.72$ MeV to $-16.83$ MeV at saturation densities, $0.139$ fm$^{-3}$ to $0.192$ fm$^{-3}$ with these three potentials, respectively. It clearly demonstrates that the pseudovector coupling between pion and nucleon can generate reasonable saturation properties comparing with pseudoscalar coupling. Furthermore, these saturation properties have strong correlations with the tensor components of $NN$ potentials, i.e., the $D$-state probabilities of deuteron, $P_D$ to form a relativistic Coester band. In addition, the charge symmetry breaking (CSB) and charge independence breaking (CIB) effects are also discussed in nuclear matter from the partial wave contributions with these high-precision charge-dependent potentials. In general, the magnitudes of CSB from the differences between $nn$ and $pp$ potentials are about $0.05$ MeV, while those of CIB are around $0.35$ MeV from the differences between $np$ and $pp$ potentials. Finally, the equations of state of asymmetric nuclear matter are also calculated with different asymmetry parameters. It is found that the effective neutron mass is larger than the proton one in neutron-rich matter.
description: 32 pages, 11 figures, 5 tables, accepted by J. Phys. G
THE IMPACT OF FARM AND PROCESSING RESEARCH ON THE AUSTRALIAN WOOL INDUSTRY
Creators: name: Mullen, John D.
name: Alston, Julian M.
name: Wohlgenant, Michael K.
name: Mullen, John D.
name: Alston, Julian M.
name: Wohlgenant, Michael K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: An equilibrium displacement model of the world wool top industry is used to estimate the returns to the Australian wool industry from productivity improvements in farm production, in top making and in textile manufacturing. The returns to the industry from these different types of research and development are sensitive to the extent of substitution possibilities between Australian wool and other inputs used by the wool processing and textile industries but it appears that research resources have to be much more efficient in off-farm activities for the Australian wool industry to receive benefits similar to those from farm research activities.
Electron spectra close to a metal-to-insulator transition
Creators: name: Karski, Michal
name: Raas, Carsten
name: Uhrig, Götz S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A high-resolution investigation of the electron spectra close to the metal-to-insulator transition in dynamic mean-field theory is presented. An all-numerical, consistent confirmation of a smooth transition at zero temperature is provided. In particular, the separation of energy scales is verified. Unexpectedly, sharp peaks at the inner Hubbard band edges occur in the metallic regime. They are signatures of the important interaction between single-particle excitations and collective modes.
description: RevTeX 4, 4 pages, 4 eps figures; published version
Seemann, Michael: Heilsgeschehen und Gottesdienst
Creators: name: Schmidt-Lauber, Hans-Christoph
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 15 Nr. 4 (1966): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 15, Heft 4
Expanding advanced civilizations in the universe
Creators: name: Gros, Claudius
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The 1950 lunch-table remark by Enrico Fermi `Where is everybody' has started intensive scientific and philosophical discussions about what we call nowadays the `Fermi paradox': If there had been ever a single advanced civilization in the cosmological history of our galaxy, dedicated to expansion, it would have had plenty of time to colonize the entire galaxy via exponential growth. No evidence of present or past alien visits to earth are known to us, leading to the standard conclusion that no advanced expanding civilization has ever existed in the milky-way \cite{Webb}. This conclusion rest fundamentally on the ad-hoc assumption, that any alien civilizations dedicated to expansion at one time would remain dedicated to expansions forever. Considering our limited knowledge about alien civilizations we need however to relax this basic assumption. Here we show that a substantial and stable population of expanding advanced civilization might consequently exist in our galaxy.
description: JBIS, in press
On the detection of chemically peculiar stars using Delta a photometry
Creators: name: Paunzen, E.
name: Stuetz, Ch.
name: Maitzen, H. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have summarized all Delta a measurements for galactic field stars (1474 objects) from the literature published over more than two decades. These measurements were, for the first time, compiled and homogeneously analyzed. The Delta a intermediate band photometric system samples the depth of the 520nm flux depression by comparing the flux at the center with the adjacent regions with bandwidths of 11 to 23nm. Because it was slightly modified over the last three decades, we checked for systematic trends for the different measurements but found no correlations whatsoever. The Delta a photometric system is most suitable to detecting magnetic chemically peculiar (CP) stars with high efficiency, but is also capable of detecting a small percentage of non-magnetic CP objects. Furthermore, the groups of (metal-weak) lambda Bootis, as well as classical Be/shell stars, can be successfully investigated. In addition, we also analyzed the behaviour of supergiants (luminosity class I and II). On the basis of apparent normal type objects, the correlation of the three sigma significance limit and the percentage of positive detection for all groups was derived. We compared the capability of the Delta a photometric system with the Delta (V1 - G) and Z indices of the Geneva 7-color system to detect peculiar objects. Both photometric systems show the same efficiency for the detection of CP and lambda Bootis stars, while the indices in the Geneva system are even more efficient at detecting Be/shell objects. On the basis of this statistical analysis it is possible to derive the incidence of CP stars in galactic open cluster and extragalactic systems including the former unknown bias of undetected objects.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, accepted by A&A
Global asymptotic stability of the active disassembly model of flagellar length control
Creators: name: Fai, Thomas G.
name: Park, Youngmin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 92C37

description: Organelle size control is a fundamental question in biology that demonstrates the fascinating ability of cells to maintain homeostasis within their highly variable environments. Theoretical models describing cellular dynamics have the potential to help elucidate the principles underlying size control. Here, we perform a detailed study of the active disassembly model proposed in [Fai et al, Length regulation of multiple flagella that self-assemble from a shared pool of components, eLife, 8, (2019): e42599]. We construct a hybrid system which is shown to be well-behaved throughout the domain. We rule out the possibility of oscillations arising in the model and prove global asymptotic stability in the case of two flagella by the construction of a suitable Lyapunov function. Finally, we generalize the model to the case of arbitrary flagellar number in order to study olfactory sensory neurons, which have up to twenty cilia per cell. We show that our theoretical results may be extended to this case and explore the implications of this universal mechanism of size control.
description: 25 pages, 6 figures
Numerical detection of Gaussian entanglement and its application to the identification of bound entangled Gaussian states
Creators: name: Ma, Shan
name: Xue, Shibei
name: Guo, Yu
name: Shu, Chuan-Cun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present a numerical method for solving the separability problem of Gaussian quantum states in continuous-variable quantum systems. We show that the separability problem can be cast as an equivalent problem of determining the feasibility of a set of linear matrix inequalities. Thus, it can be efficiently solved using existent numerical solvers. We apply this method to the identification of bound entangled Gaussian states. We show that the proposed method can be used to identify bound entangled Gaussian states that could be simple enough to be producible in quantum optics.
description: 14 pages
INDUSTRIAL ORGANISATION FOUNDATIONS OF TRADE POLICY MODELLING
Creators: name: Hazledine, Tim
name: Hazledine, Tim
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: Industrial Organization
International Relations/Trade

description: General equilibrium models of Canada/US free trade have produced a wide range of predictions of the impact on the Canadian economy. This paper analyses the models from an 'industrial organisation' perspective, focusing on differences in assumptions about market elasticities and pricing behaviour. The approach succeeds in encompassing the range of predictions from the models. The results have implications for agricultural policy modelling.
Progress towards the first measurement of charm baryon dipole moments
Creators: name: Aiola, S.
name: Bandiera, L.
name: Cavoto, G.
name: De Benedetti, F.
name: Fu, J.
name: Guidi, V.
name: Henry, L.
name: Marangotto, D.
name: Vidal, F. Martinez
name: Mascagna, V.
name: de Cos, J. Mazorra
name: Mazzolari, A.
name: Merli, A.
name: Neri, N.
name: Prest, M.
name: Romagnoni, M.
name: Vidal, J. Ruiz
name: Soldani, M.
name: Sytov, A.
name: Tikhomirov, V.
name: Vallazza, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electromagnetic dipole moments of short-lived particles are sensitive to physics within and beyond the Standard Model of particle physics but have not been accessible experimentally to date. To perform such measurements it has been proposed to exploit the spin precession of channeled particles in bent crystals at the LHC. Progress that enables the first measurement of charm baryon dipole moments is reported. In particular, the design and characterization on beam of silicon and germanium bent crystal prototypes, the optimization of the experimental setup, and advanced analysis techniques are discussed. Sensitivity studies show that first measurements of $Λ_c^+$ and $Ξ_c^+$ baryon dipole moments can be performed in two years of data taking with an experimental setup positioned upstream of the LHCb detector.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures, aligned with published version
Bound states of the s-wave Klein-Gordon equation with equal scalar and vector Standard Eckart Potential
Creators: name: Olgar, Eser
name: Koc, Ramazan
name: Tutunculer, Hayriye
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A supersymmetric technique for the bound-state solutions of the s-wave Klein--Gordon equation with equal scalar and vector standard Eckart type potential is proposed. Its exact solutions are obtained. Possible generalization of our approach is outlined.
Two Dimensional Nonlinear Nonequilibrium Kinetic Theory under Steady Heat Conduction
Creators: name: Hyeon-Deuk, Kim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The two-dimensional steady-state Boltzmann equation for hard-disk molecules in the presence of a temperature gradient has been solved explicitly to second order in density and the temperature gradient. The two-dimensional equation of state and some physical quantities are calculated from it and compared with those for the two-dimensional steady-state Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook(BGK) equation and information theory. We have found that the same kind of qualitative differences as the three-dimensional case among these theories still appear in the two-dimensional case.
description: 50 pages including 5 figures and 7 tables, to be published in Physical Review E
Creation of Universes from the Third-Quantized Vacuum
Creators: name: Campanelli, Leonardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the average numbers of closed, flat, and open universes spontaneously created from nothing in third quantization. The creation of universes is exponentially suppressed for large values of the kinetic energy of the inflaton, while for small kinetic energies it is exponentially favoured for closed universes over flat and open ones: For a scale of inflation less than about $2 \times 10^{16}$GeV, the ratio of the number of closed universes to either the number of flat or open universes is \begin{equation} \frac{n_{closed}}{n_{flat,open}} \gtrsim 10^{10^{10}} . \nonumber \end{equation}
description: 12 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review D
Switching hydrodynamics in multi-domain, twisted nematic, liquid crystal devices
Creators: name: Marenduzzo, D.
name: Orlandini, E.
name: Yeomans, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the switching dynamics in two-domain and four-domain twisted nematic liquid crystal devices. The equilibrium configuration of these devices involves the coexistence of regions characterised by different handedness of the inherent director twist. At the boundaries between these regions there are typically disclinations lines. The dynamics of the disclination lines controls the properties, and in particular the switching speed, of the devices. We describe their motion using a numerical solution of the Beris-Edwards equations of liquid crystal hydrodynamics. Hence we are able to explain why a conventional two-domain device switches off slowly and to propose a device design which circumvents this problem. We also explain the patterns of disclination creation and annihilation that lead to switching in the four-domain twisted nematic device.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in Europhys. Lett
Dyer-Lashof-Cohen operations in Hochschild cohomology
Creators: name: Tourtchine, Victor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16E40, 18D50, 55P48, 55S12

description: We give explicit formulae for operations in Hochschild cohomology which are analogous to the operations in the homology of double loop spaces. As a corollary we obtain that any brace algebra in finite characteristic is always a restricted Lie algebra.
description: This is the version published by Algebraic & Geometric Topology on 24 July 2006
Structural studies of phosphorus induced dimers on Si(001)
Creators: name: Sen, Prasenjit
name: Gupta, Bikash C
name: Batra, Inder P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Renewed focus on the P-Si system due to its potential application in quantum computing and self-directed growth of molecular wires, has led us to study structural changes induced by P upon placement on Si(001)-$p(2\times 1)$. Using first-principles density functional theory (DFT) based pseudopotential method, we have performed calculations for P-Si(001) system, starting from an isolated P atom on the surface, and systematically increasing the coverage up to a full monolayer. An isolated P atom can favorably be placed on an {\bf M} site between two atoms of adjacent Si dimers belonging to the same Si dimer row. But being incorporated in the surface is even more energetically beneficial due to the participation of the {\bf M} site as a receptor for the ejected Si. Our calculations show that up to 1/8 monolayer coverage, hetero-dimer structure resulting from replacement of surface Si atoms with P is energetically favorable. Recently observed zig-zag features in STM are found to be consistent with this replacement process. As coverage increases, the hetero-dimers give way to P-P ortho-dimers on the Si dimer rows. This behavior is similar to that of Si-Si d-dimers but are to be contrasted with the Al-Al dimers, which are found between adjacent Si dimers rows and in a para-dimer arrangement. Unlike Al-Si system P-Si does not show any para to ortho transition. For both systems, the surface reconstruction is lifted at about one monolayer coverage. These calculations help us in understanding the experimental data obtained using scanning tunneling microscope.
description: To appear in PRB
5d SCFTs from $(E_n,E_m)$ Conformal Matter
Creators: name: Hubner, Max
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine 5d $\mathcal{N}=1$ SCFTs originating from 6d $(E_n,E_m)$ conformal matter theories with $n\neq m$ by circle reduction and mass deformations. The marginal geometries are constructed and we derive their combined fiber diagrams (CFDs). The CFDs allow for an enumeration of descendant SCFTs obtained by decoupling matter hypermultiplets and a description of candidate weakly coupled quivers.
description: 36 pages, 12 figures
Breeding for improvement of tracheid characteristics in interior spruce
Creators: name: Ivkovich, Milosh
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Options for incorporating wood quality in the British Columbia's interior spruce improvement program were investigated. Special attention was given to quantitative variation in tracheid characteristics and its effects on pulp and paper properties. Growth and wood density were examined for 160 half-sib families from Prince George and East Kootenay regions. Tracheid characteristics were examined for 90 of those families, by using an efficient technique for quantitative assessment. Univariate and multivariate REML estimates of genetic parameters were obtained. Estimates of genetic variances and heritabilities differed greatly across sites for a number of traits, especially after transplantation between the regions. No significant decrease in heritability was found for ring width and latewood percentage in successive rings. Genetic age-age correlations were generally high for those two traits, with a decreasing trend with increasing difference in age. Within different ring portions, tracheid characteristics had significant family variation. There were limited benefits from considering component traits for avoiding negative genetic correlation between wood density and growth rate. Selection for volume as a single objective could bring significant improvements, positively influencing dry weight, and some pulp and paper properties. Simultaneous improvement of volume growth and other objectives would always require trade-offs, and multiobjective optimization would be beneficial. Expected genetic response in volume was by far the most superior, and any additional objective would need to have a high relative value to justify risk reduction strategies, including diversification through a multiple- population breeding strategy.
Quarter-BPS states, multi-symmetric functions and set partitions
Creators: name: Lewis-Brown, Christopher
name: Ramgoolam, Sanjaye
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give a construction of general holomorphic quarter BPS operators in $ \mathcal{N}=4$ SYM at weak coupling with $U(N)$ gauge group at finite $N$. The construction employs the Möbius inversion formula for set partitions, applied to multi-symmetric functions, alongside computations in the group algebras of symmetric groups. We present a computational algorithm which produces an orthogonal basis for the physical inner product on the space of holomorphic operators. The basis is labelled by a $U(2)$ Young diagram, a $U(N)$ Young diagram and an additional plethystic multiplicity label. We describe precision counting results of quarter BPS states which are expected to be reproducible from dual computations with giant gravitons in the bulk, including a symmetry relating sphere and AdS giants within the quarter BPS sector. In the case $n \leq N$ ($n$ being the dimension of the composite operator) the construction is analytic, using multi-symmetric functions and $U(2)$ Clebsch-Gordan coefficients. Counting and correlators of the BPS operators can be encoded in a two-dimensional topological field theory based on permutation algebras and equipped with appropriate defects.
Supernova Neutrino Oscillations
Creators: name: Raffelt, Georg G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observing a high-statistics neutrino signal from a galactic supernova (SN) would allow one to test the standard delayed explosion scenario and may allow one to distinguish between the normal and inverted neutrino mass ordering due to the effects of flavor oscillations in the SN envelope. One may even observe a signature of SN shock-wave propagation in the detailed time-evolution of the neutrino spectra. A clear identification of flavor oscillation effects in a water Cherenkov detector probably requires a megatonne-class experiment.
description: Proc. 129 Nobel Symposium "Neutrino Physics", 19-24 Aug 2004, Sweden
RICE PRICE STABILIZATION IN BANGLADESH: AN ANALYSIS OF POLICY OPTIONS
Creators: name: Dorosh, Paul A.
name: Shahabuddin, Quazi
name: Dorosh, Paul A.
name: Shahabuddin, Quazi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Crop Production/Industries

description: To meet its overall objective of ensuring food security for all households, the Government of Bangladesh undertakes several activities: it intervenes in markets to stabilize prices, targets food distribution to poor households and provides emergency relief after natural disasters. This paper provides measures of the variability of domestic and international rice prices, and examines the mix of government intervention and private sector participation in rice markets. The analysis shows that the relatively high degree of price stability achieved in the 1990s was due in large part to private sector imports that stabilized markets following major production shortfalls. Domestic rice procurement contributed relatively little to raising domestic producer prices at harvest time, involved only a small percentage of farmers, and incurred excessive costs following successful harvests because of procurement prices set far in excess of market prices.
FISH AS FOOD: PROJECTIONS TO 2020 UNDER DIFFERENT SCENARIOS
Creators: name: Delgado, Christopher L.
name: Rosegrant, Mark W.
name: Wada, Nikolas
name: Meijer, Siet
name: Ahmed, Mahfuzuddin
name: Delgado, Christopher L.
name: Rosegrant, Mark W.
name: Wada, Nikolas
name: Meijer, Siet
name: Ahmed, Mahfuzuddin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: This paper reports results of incorporating fish into IMPACT, a global model of food supply and demand that estimates market-clearing prices to 2020 for 32 commodities in 36 regions. It summarizes results for production, consumption, net exports and real price changes for 10 economic categories of fisheries items, disaggregated into 15 geographic regions of the world. Under the medium-variant scenario for the uncertain capture fisheries sectors, global production of food fish is projected to rise by 1.5% annually through 2020, with two-thirds of this from aquaculture, whose share in total food fish production rises to 41%. Global per capita fish consumption is projected to be 17.1 kg in 2020, with sensitivity analysis indicating a margin of 2 kg/capita either way based on extreme scenarios for capture and aquaculture. Most growth will occur in developing countries, which will account for 79% of food fish production in 2020. China's share of world production will continue to expand, while that of Japan, the EU, and former USSR will continue to contract. Real fish prices will rise 4 to 16% by 2020, while meat prices will fall 3%. Fishmeal and oil prices will rise 18%; use of these commodities will increasingly be concentrated in carnivorous aquaculture. Growing domestic demand will dampen fish exports from developing countries. Sensitivity analysis incorporating a very pessimistic view of capture fisheries leads to escalating food fish prices (+69% for high-value finfish) and soaring fishmeal prices (+134%), whereas an optimistic view of increased investment in aquaculture lowers real prices of low value food fish (-12%), and raises fishmeal prices (+42%).
Dust Properties in the FUV in Ophiuchus
Creators: name: Sujatha, N. V.
name: Shalima, P.
name: Murthy, Jayant
name: Henry, Richard Conn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have derived the albedo ($a$) and phase function asymmetry factor ($g$) of interstellar dust grains at 1100 Å~ using archival {\it Voyager} observations of diffuse radiation in Ophiuchus. We have found that the grains are highly forward scattering with $g =$ 0.55 $\pm$ 0.25 and $a =$ 0.40 $\pm$ 0.10. Even though most of the gas in this direction is in the Ophiuchus molecular cloud, the diffuse FUV radiation is almost entirely due to scattering in a relatively thin foreground cloud. This suggests that one cannot assume that the UV background is directly correlated with the total amount of gas in any direction.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables, ApJ, accepted
Video Prediction via Example Guidance
Creators: name: Xu, Jingwei
name: Xu, Huazhe
name: Ni, Bingbing
name: Yang, Xiaokang
name: Darrell, Trevor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In video prediction tasks, one major challenge is to capture the multi-modal nature of future contents and dynamics. In this work, we propose a simple yet effective framework that can efficiently predict plausible future states. The key insight is that the potential distribution of a sequence could be approximated with analogous ones in a repertoire of training pool, namely, expert examples. By further incorporating a novel optimization scheme into the training procedure, plausible predictions can be sampled efficiently from distribution constructed from the retrieved examples. Meanwhile, our method could be seamlessly integrated with existing stochastic predictive models; significant enhancement is observed with comprehensive experiments in both quantitative and qualitative aspects. We also demonstrate the generalization ability to predict the motion of unseen class, i.e., without access to corresponding data during training phase.
description: Project Page: https://sites.google.com/view/vpeg-supp/home
Free Volume cannot Explain the Spatial Heterogeneity of Debye-Waller factors in a Glass-Forming Binary Alloy
Creators: name: Widmer-Cooper, Asaph
name: Harrowell, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the relation between the free volume per particle and the variance of the particle position, equivalent to a local Debye-Waller (DW) factor for a 2D glass-forming alloy using molecular dynamics simulations. We find that the latter quantity exhibits significant spatial heterogeneity despite involving trajectories two orders of magnitude shorter than those typically used to measure such heterogeneities. We find that the free volume exhibits no significant spatial correlation with the local DW factor. We conclude that the spatial variation in local free volume is not the cause of the short time dynamic heterogeneity.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures
MICRO-LENDING FOR SMALL FARMERS IN BANGLADESH: DOES IT AFFECT FARM HOUSEHOLDS' LAND ALLOCATION DECISION?
Creators: name: Rashid, Shahidur
name: Sharma, Manohar P.
name: Zeller, Manfred
name: Rashid, Shahidur
name: Sharma, Manohar P.
name: Zeller, Manfred
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Agricultural Finance
Land Economics/Use

description: It has long been hypothesized that lack of access to credit is the main reason why, despite higher profitability of High Yielding Varieties (HYVs), farmers in developing countries continue to allocate a portion of their land to traditional crop varieties. The empirical testing of this hypothesis has generated a large body of literature with differing conclusions. This paper re-examines the issue in the context of a specially designed group based lending programs for small farmers in Bangladesh, who neither have access to formal sources of credit nor do they qualify to become members of other micro-credit organizations. Two measures of access to credit, credit limit and amount borrowed at a given point in time, are used to analyze the determinants of farm households. land allocation decision. Under a variety of model specifications, formulated within Heckman's two-step method, the results show that credit limits from the lending programs and informal sources are significant determinants of small farmers. decision to cultivate HYV.
Umar ibn Xattob islom olamidagi eng adolatli sahoba
Creators: name: Jo'raqulov O, Toshkent axborot texnologiyalari  universiteti Samarqand filiali  AX23-08 guruh talabasi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ushbu maqolada islom xalifalaridan biri Umar ibn Xattob islom  dini  tarqalishi  va  payg'ambar  sunnatlarini  saqlab  qolishdagi  xizmatlari to'g'risidagi ma’lumotlar bayon etilgan
A characterisation of Schwarzschildean initial data
Creators: name: Kroon, J. A. Valiente
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A theorem providing a characterisation of Schwarzschildean initial data sets on slices with an asymptotically Euclidean end is proved. This characterisation is based on the proportionality of the Weyl tensor and its D'Alambertian that holds for some vacuum Petrov Type D spacetimes (e.g. the Schwarzschild spacetime, the C-metric, but not the Kerr solution). The 3+1 decomposition of this proportionality condition renders necessary conditions for an initial data set to be a Schwarzschildean initial set. These conditions can be written as quadratic expressions of the electric and magnetic parts of the Weyl tensor --and thus, involve only the freely specifiable data. In order to complete our characterisation, a study of which vacuum static Petrov type D spacetimes admit asymptotically Euclidean slices is undertaken. Furthermore, a discussion of the ADM 4-momentum for boost-rotation symmetric spacetimes is given. Finally, a generalisation of our characterisation, valid for Schwarzschildean hyperboloidal initial data sets is put forward.
description: 11 pages, 1 figure
Lorentzian Entropies and Olbert's $κ$-distribution
Creators: name: Treumann, R. A.
name: Baumjohann, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This note derives the various forms of entropy of systems subject to Olbert distributions (generalized Lorentzian probability distributions known as $κ$-distributions) which are frequently observed particularly in high temperature plasmas. The general expression of the partition function in such systems is given as well in a form similar to the Boltzmann-Gibbs probability distribution, including a possible exponential high energy truncation. We find the representation of the mean energy as function of probability, and provide the implicit form of Olbert (Lorentzian) entropy as well as its high temperature limit. The relation to phase space density of states is obtained. We then find the entropy as function of probability, an expression which is fundamental to statistical mechanics and here to its Olbertian version. Lorentzian systems through internal collective interactions cause correlations which add to the entropy. Fermi systems do not obey Olbert statistics, while Bose systems might at temperatures sufficiently far from zero.
description: 15 pages
Evidence for a Monolayer Excitonic Insulator
Creators: name: Jia, Yanyu
name: Wang, Pengjie
name: Chiu, Cheng-Li
name: Song, Zhida
name: Yu, Guo
name: Jäck, Berthold
name: Lei, Shiming
name: Klemenz, Sebastian
name: Cevallos, F. Alexandre
name: Onyszczak, Michael
name: Fishchenko, Nadezhda
name: Liu, Xiaomeng
name: Farahi, Gelareh
name: Xie, Fang
name: Xu, Yuanfeng
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Bernevig, B. Andrei
name: Cava, Robert J.
name: Schoop, Leslie M.
name: Yazdani, Ali
name: Wu, Sanfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interplay between topology and correlations can generate a variety of quantum phases, many of which remain to be explored. Recent advances have identified monolayer WTe2 as a promising material for doing so in a highly tunable fashion. The ground state of this two-dimensional (2D) crystal can be electrostatically tuned from a quantum spin Hall insulator (QSHI) to a superconductor. However, much remains unknown about the gap-opening mechanism of the insulating state. Here we report evidence that the QSHI is also an excitonic insulator (EI), arising from the spontaneous formation of electron-hole bound states (excitons). We reveal the presence of an intrinsic insulating state at the charge neutrality point (CNP) in clean samples and confirm the correlated nature of this charge-neutral insulator by tunneling spectroscopy. We provide evidence against alternative scenarios of a band insulator or a localized insulator and support the existence of an EI phase in the clean limit. These observations lay the foundation for understanding a new class of correlated insulators with nontrivial topology and identify monolayer WTe2 as a promising candidate for exploring quantum phases of ground-state excitons.
description: 39 pages; Nat. Phys. (2021)
Distant early-type galaxies: tracers of the galaxy mass assembly evolution
Creators: name: Cimatti, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the most recent observational results on the formation and evolution of early-type galaxies and their mass assembly by focusing on: the existence, properties and role of distant old, massive, passive systems to z~2, the stellar mass function evolution, the ``downsizing'' scenario, and the high-z precursors of massive early-type galaxies.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures; invited review at the Workshop on "AGN and galaxy evolution", Specola Vaticana, Castel Gandolfo, Italy, 3-6 October 2005
Formulaire de prise et d'analyse d'échantillon
Creators: name: European Organization for Nuclear Research
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: template
environment
soil analysis
form
implementation

description: Ce document défini le formulaire à utiliser pour la prise et l'analyse des échantillons de terre à la base du document "Liste d'analyses en laboratoire pour l'évaluation de la qualité du sol", identifié parFCC-2311091456-PLA (DOI 10.5281/zenodo.10492362).
Knot exteriors with all possible meridional essential surfaces
Creators: name: Nogueira, João M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show the existence of infinitely many knot exteriors where each of which contains meridional essential surfaces of any genus and (even) number of boundary components. That is, the compact surfaces that have a meridional essential embedding into a knot exterior have a meridional essential embedding into each of these knot exteriors. From these results, we also prove the existence of a hyperbolic knot exterior in some 3-manifold for which there are meridional essential surfaces of independently unbounded genus and number of boundary components.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures
An oomycete effector manipulates Arabidopsis Auxin and Brassinosteroid signaling pathways.
Creators: name: Bogino, María Florencia
name: Wirthmueller, Lennart
name: Georgina, Fabro
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Effectors are molecules secreted by pathogens that alter host defense responses and metabolic processes. HaRxL106 is an effector protein from Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa), an obligate biotrophic oomycete pathogen of Arabidopsis thaliana. Constitutive expression of HaRxL106 renders plants more susceptible to Hpa and Pseudomonas syringae. Moreover, HaRxL106-expressing transgenic lines phenocopy mutants that display constitutive shade avoidance when grown in normal light conditions. Here we identified two putative target proteins of HaRxL106 using BiFC and CoIP assays. HaRxL106 interacts with Arabidopsis proteins IAA11 and BIM1. The first is a negative regulator of Auxin signaling, while BIM1 activates BR responsive gene expression.Interestingly, in infection assays bim1 mutants show reduced bacterial and Hpa growth compared to wild type plants, while iaa11 mutants are more susceptible. We also expressed HaRxL106 in iaa11 and bim1 mutant backgrounds. Moreover, only the mutations in BIM1 suppress the constitutive shade avoidance conferred by the YFP-HaRxL106 transgene. We find that Hpa infection enhances expression of BR and Auxin-related genes and that inducible expression of HaRxL106 is sufficient for activation of the Auxin reporter DR5:GUS. The finding of these new targets could explain the developmental phenotypes showed by HaRxL106 transgenics, helping to understand how Hpa manipulates plant hormone signaling.
MANAGING INTERACTIONS BETWEEN HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY AND PRESCHOOLER HEALTH
Creators: name: Haddad, Lawrence James
name: Bhattarai, Saroj
name: Immink, Maarten
name: Kumar, Shubh K.
name: Haddad, Lawrence James
name: Bhattarai, Saroj
name: Immink, Maarten
name: Kumar, Shubh K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty

description: Data from Ethiopia, the Philippines, and Pakistan are used in this paper to examine the complex interaction of illness and lack of food on malnutrition rates among preschool children. The paper finds that when diarrhea is prevalent, the effects of food shortages on malnutrition are worse, and when food is scarce, the effects of diarrhea on malnutrition are worse. Policymakers not only must aim to increase incomes and food consumption, but also to assure access to health care, clean water, and sanitation.
The invariance of the diffusion coefficient with the iterative operations of charged particles' transport equation
Creators: name: Wang, J. F.
name: Qin, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Spatial Parallel Diffusion Coefficient (SPDC) is one of the important quantities describing energetic charged particle transport. There are three different definitions for the SPDC, i.e., the Displacement Variance definition $κ_{zz}^{DV}=\lim_{t\rightarrow t_{\infty}}dσ^2/(2dt)$, the Fick's Law definition $κ_{zz}^{FL}=J/X$ with $X=\partial{F}/\partial{z}$, and the TGK formula definition $κ_{zz}^{TGK}=\int_0^{\infty}dt \langle v_z(t)v_z(0) \rangle$. For constant mean magnetic field, the three different definitions of the SPDC give the same result. However, for focusing field it is demonstrated that the results of the different definitions are not the same. In this paper, from the Fokker-Planck equation we find that different methods, e.g., the general Fourier expansion and perturbation theory, can give the different Equations of the Isotropic Distribution Function (EIDFs). But it is shown that one EIDF can be transformed into another by some Derivative Iterative Operations (DIOs). If one definition of the SPDC is invariant for the DIOs, it is clear that the definition is also an invariance for different EIDFs, therewith it is an invariant quantity for the different Derivation Methods of EIDF (DMEs). For the focusing field we suggest that the TGK definition $κ_{zz}^{TGK}$ is only the approximate formula, and the Fick's Law definition $κ_{zz}^{FL}$ is not invariant to some DIOs. However, at least for the special condition, in this paper we show that the definition $κ_{zz}^{DV}$ is the invariant quantity to the kinds of the DIOs. Therefore, for spatially varying field the displacement variance definition $κ_{zz}^{DV}$, rather than the Fick's law definition $κ_{zz}^{FL}$ and TGK formula definition $κ_{zz}^{TGK}$, is the most appropriate definition of the SPDCs.
Spectroscopy of GRB 021004: a structured jet ploughing through a massive stellar wind
Creators: name: Starling, R. L. C.
name: Wijers, R. A. M. J.
name: Hughes, M. A.
name: Tanvir, N. R.
name: Vreeswijk, P. M.
name: Rol, E.
name: Salamanca, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present spectra of the afterglow of GRB 021004 taken with WHT ISIS and VLT FORS1 at three epochs spanning 0.49--6.62 days after the burst. We observe strong absorption likely coming from the host galaxy, alongside absorption in HI, SiIV and CIV with blueshifts of up to 2900 km/s from the explosion centre which we assume originates close to the progenitor. We find no significant variability of these spectral features. We investigate the origin of the outflowing material and evaluate various possible progenitor models. The most plausible explanation is that these result in the fossil stellar wind of a highly evolved Wolf-Rayet star. However, ionization from the burst itself prevents the existence of HI, SiIV and CIV close to the afterglow surface where the fast stellar wind should dominate, and large amounts of blueshifted hydrogen are not expected in a Wolf-Rayet star wind. We propose that the Wolf-Rayet star wind is enriched by a hydrogen-rich companion, and that the GRB has a structured jet geometry in which the gamma rays emerge in a small opening angle within the wider opening angle of the cone of the afterglow. This scenario is able to explain both the spectral line features and the irregular light curve of this afterglow.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, accepted to MNRAS. Section 4.2 reworded and 1 reference added to Introduction