cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 1 of Short-term air pollution exposure associated with death from kidney diseases: a nationwide time-stratified case-crossover study in China from 2015 to 2019
Creators: name: Cai, Miao
name: Wei, Jing
name: Zhang, Shiyu
name: Liu, Wei
name: Wang, Lijun
name: Qian, Zhengmin
name: Lin, Hualiang
name: Liu, Echu
name: McMillin, Stephen Edward
name: Cao, Yu
name: Yin, Peng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Marine Biology
Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. An example calendar heatmap of time-stratified case-crossover study design. Figure S2. Bayesian information criterion of models using different lag periods for temperature and relative humidity. Figure S3. Spatial distribution of 7 geographical regions of China. Figure S4. The number of (A) case days (N=101,919) and (B) control days (N=345,926) by different months and years in a national sample of deaths due to kidney diseases from 2015 to 2019. Figure S5. Different lags and moving averages (MAs) of short-term exposure to air pollution associated with relative percent increases in death from kidney diseases. Figure S6. Pairwise Pearson correlation coefficients between the air pollutants. Table S1. Association of short-term exposure to air pollution and risk of death from kidney-related deaths by age, sex, education, marriage, occupation, season, and disease type.
The time-dependent quantum harmonic oscillator revisited: Applications to Quantum Field Theory
Creators: name: Vergel, Daniel Gómez
name: Villaseñor, Eduardo J. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article, we formulate the study of the unitary time evolution of systems consisting of an infinite number of uncoupled time-dependent harmonic oscillators in mathematically rigorous terms. We base this analysis on the theory of a single one-dimensional time-dependent oscillator, for which we first summarize some basic results concerning the unitary implementability of the dynamics. This is done by employing techniques different from those used so far to derive the Feynman propagator. In particular, we calculate the transition amplitudes for the usual harmonic oscillator eigenstates and define suitable semiclassical states for some physically relevant models. We then explore the possible extension of this study to infinite dimensional dynamical systems. Specifically, we construct Schroedinger functional representations in terms of appropriate probability spaces, analyze the unitarity of the time evolution, and probe the existence of semiclassical states for a wide range of physical systems, particularly, the well-known Minkowskian free scalar fields and Gowdy cosmological models.
description: 31 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in Annals of Physics
Higher-order topological superconductor phases in a multilayer system
Creators: name: Nakai, Ryota
name: Nomura, Kentaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Higher-order topological phases are gapped phases of matter that host gapless corner or hinge modes. For the case of superconductors, corner or hinge modes are gapless Majorana modes or Majorana zero modes. To construct 3d higher-order topological superconductors, we consider a topological-insulator/superconductor multilayer under in-plane Zeeman coupling. We found three different types of higher-order topological superconductor phases, a second-order topological superconductor phase with Majorana hinge flat bands, a second-order Dirac superconductor phase with surface Majorana cones and Majorana hinge arcs, and nodal-line superconductor phases with drumhead surface states and Majorana hinge arcs.
Disﬂuent whole-word repetitions across the lifespan
Creators: name: Bóna, Judit
name: Vakula, Tímea
Publisher: name: Nyelvtudományi Intézet, Eötvös Loránd Kutatási Hálózat (ELKH)
Year: 2020

description: Frequency of disﬂuencies in speech is often analysed in diﬀerent age groups, but functions of certain types of disﬂuencies are rarely examined. The aim of this study is to analyse durational patterns and functions of the repeated words in diverse age groups (from preschool children to elderly speakers). Functions of repetitions are well determinable from their durational patterns and pauses around the ﬁrst and second instances of the repeated words. Results show that disﬂuent word-repetitions are good predictors for detecting some age-dependent changes in speech production process.
Constraining a companion of the galactic center black hole, Sgr A*
Creators: name: Will, Clifford M.
name: Naoz, Smadar
name: Hees, Aurélien
name: Tucker, Alexandria
name: Zhang, Eric
name: Do, Tuan
name: Ghez, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use 23 years of astrometric and radial velocity data on the orbit of the star S0-2 to constrain a hypothetical intermediate-mass black hole orbiting the massive black hole Sgr A* at the Galactic center. The data place upper limits on variations of the orientation of the stellar orbit (inclination, nodal angle, and pericenter) at levels between 0.02 and 0.07 degrees per year. We use a combination of analytic estimates and full numerical integrations of the orbit of S0-2 in the presence of a black-hole binary. For a companion IMBH whose semi-major axis $a_c$ is larger than that of S0-2 (1020 a.u.), we find that in the region between 1000 and 4000 a.u., a companion black hole with mass $m_c$ between $10^3$ and $10^5 M_\odot$ is excluded, with a boundary behaving as $a_c \sim m_c^{1/3}$. For a companion with $a_c < 1020$ a.u., we find that a black hole with mass between $10^3$ and $10^5 \, M_\odot$ is again excluded, with a boundary behaving as $a_c \sim m_c^{-1/2}$. These bounds arise from quadrupolar perturbations of the orbit of S0-2. However, significantly stronger bounds on the mass of an inner companion arise from the fact that the location of S0-2 is measured relative to the bright emission of Sgr A*. As a consequence, that separation is perturbed by the ``wobble'' of Sgr A* about the center of mass between it and the companion, leading to ``apparent'' perturbations of S0-2's orbit that also include a dipole component. The result is a set of bounds as small as $400 \, M_\odot$ at 200 a.u.; the numerical simulations suggest a bound from these effects varying as $a_c \sim m_c^{-1}$. We compare and contrast our results with those from a recent analysis by the GRAVITY collaboration.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures; minor revisions to agree with published version
Linear and Non-linear Susceptibilities from Diffusion Quantum Monte Carlo: Application to Periodic Hydrogen Chains
Creators: name: Umari, Paolo
name: Marzari, Nicola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the linear and non-linear susceptibilities of periodic longitudinal chains of hydrogen dimers with different bond-length alternations using a diffusion quantum Monte Carlo approach. These quantities are derived from the changes in electronic polarization as a function of applied finite electric field - an approach we recently introduced and made possible by the use of a Berry-phase, many-body electric-enthalpy functional. Calculated susceptibilities and hyper-susceptibilities are found to be in excellent agreement with the best estimates available from quantum chemistry - usually extrapolations to the infinite-chain limit of calculations for chains of finite length. It is found that while exchange effects dominate the proper description of the susceptibilities, second hyper-susceptibilities are greatly affected by electronic correlations. We also assess how different approximations to the nodal surface of the many-body wavefunction affect the accuracy of the calculated susceptibilities.
description: 9 pages; accepted on J. Chem. Phys
Solidarity on Social Media
Creators: name: Levinson, Ariana R.
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2016

description: As with other technical revolutions before it, such as the printing press, radio, and telephone, social media has changed the way in which people communicate. Due to cases involving the use of social media by employees, among other reasons, the often little-known National Labor Relations Board (“NLRB” or “Board”) has become the center of national media attention. In the cases involving social media, the Board simply applies well-established, decades-old legal principles. Yet, employers, business groups, and the media have portrayed the Board as deviating from long-standing precedent, overstepping its role in regulating employment, and misunderstanding the impact of social media. However, no federal Circuit Court, to which Board decisions are appealed, has yet denied enforcement of a Board decision in a case involving social media. While other scholars have contributed to the buzz surrounding the Board’s decisions by arguing that the Board has been incorrect to apply its precedent to social media because social media differs from prior technology, this Article argues that the Board has properly used its wealth of expertise gained from many decades of enforcing labor management relations to extend its precedent in a flexible manner to this new technology. This Article first summarizes the Board’s decisions and guidance about employees’ use of social media and employer policies regulating the use of social media. It then discusses four simple clarifications that the Board should make in future decisions in order to make its regulation easier for employers and employees to understand and follow. First, the Board should clarify that any time more than one employee is involved in a social media discussion, the employees act concertedly. Second, the Board should clarify that employees act for mutual aid and protection when they discuss working conditions, whether or not they explicitly focus on improving those conditions. Third, the Board should clarify how it will determine when employees engaged in otherwise protected concerted activity lose the protection of the National Labor Relations Act due to the egregious nature of their social media use. Finally, the Board should clarify whether provision-specific disclaimers providing concrete examples of what constitutes protected concerted activity will be effective to render a social media policy legal. These clarifications will enhance the likelihood of continued enforcement of Board decisions involving social media by the Circuit Courts. Moreover, these clarifications have not been discussed in articles written by other scholars and, thus, contribute to the growing literature on this topic.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2016 No. 2
Entanglement of bosonic modes of nonplanar molecules
Creators: name: Sivakumar, S
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Entanglement of bosonic modes of material oscillators is studied in the context of two bilinearly coupled, nonlinear oscillators. These oscillators are realizable in the vibrational-cum-bending motions of C-H bonds in dihalomethanes. The bilinear coupling gives rise to invariant subspaces in the Hilbert space of the two oscillators. The number of separable states in any invariant subspace is one more than the dimension of the space. The dynamics of the oscillators when the initial state belongs to an invariant subspace is studied. In particular, the dynamics of the system when the initial state is such that the total energy is concentrated in one of the modes is studied and compared with the evolution of the system when the initial state is such wherein the modes share the total energy. The dynamics of quantities such as entropy, mean of number of quanta in the two modes and variances in the quadratures of the two modes are studied. Possibility of generating maximally entangled states is indicated.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures
title: Prawo własności intelektualnej w Królestwie Polskim (1815-1918). Wydanie drugie rozszerzone
Creators: name: Dolata, Tomasz
Publisher: name: E-Wydawnictwo. Prawnicza i Ekonomiczna Biblioteka Cyfrowa. Wydział Prawa, Administracji i Ekonomii Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego
Year: 2019

description: Monografia dotyczy badań nad poszczególnymi dziedzinami prawa własności intelektualnej w Królestwie Polskim (1815-1918) czyli prawem autorskim, prawem wynalazczym, zwalczaniem nieuczciwej konkurencji i ochroną firmy. Ponadto w pracy przedstawiono zagadnienia związane z nauką i publicystyką prawniczą w sferze własności intelektualnej w Królestwie Polskim. Autor dowodzi, iż pomimo niekorzystnych uwarunkowań historycznych (zależność od Cesarstwa Rosyjskiego i jego nienowoczesnego ustawodawstwa), wszystkie dziedziny wchodzące w zakres własności intelektualnej rozwijały się w Królestwie Polskim, chociaż niejednolicie i z różną intensywnością. Przeprowadzone badania pozwoliły na przyporządkowanie poszczególnych dziedzin prawa własności intelektualnej w Królestwie Polskim do odpowiednich modeli teoretycznych występujących w prawodawstwach europejskich.
Additional file 3 of Nontargeted metabolomics reveals the potential mechanism underlying the association between birthweight and metabolic disturbances
Creators: name: Zhai, Xiao
name: Liu, Jieying
name: Yu, Miao
name: Zhang, Qian
name: Li, Ming
name: Zhao, Nan
name: Liu, Juntao
name: Song, Yingna
name: Ma, Liangkun
name: Li, Rongrong
name: Qiao, Zongxu
name: Zhao, Guifen
name: Wang, Ruiping
name: Xiao, Xinhua
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3: Figure S3. Pathway analysis of (A) U-shaped metabolites and (B) line-shaped metabolites.
Stability and Ly$α$ emission of Cold Stream in the Circumgalactic Medium: impact of magnetic fields and thermal conduction
Creators: name: Ledos, Nicolas
name: Takasao, Shinsuke
name: Nagamine, Kentaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cold streams of gas with temperatures around $10^4 \, \rm K$ play a crucial role in the gas accretion on to high-redshift galaxies. The current resolution of cosmological simulations is insufficient to fully capture the stability and Ly$α$ emission characteristics of cold stream accretion, underscoring the imperative need for conducting idealized high-resolution simulations. We investigate the impact of magnetic fields at various angles and anisotropic thermal conduction (TC) on the dynamics of radiatively cooling streams through a comprehensive suite of two-dimensional high-resolution simulations. An initially small magnetic field ($\sim 10^{-3} \, \rm μG$), oriented non-parallel to the stream, can grow significantly, providing stability against Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities and reducing the Ly$α$ emission by a factor of $<20$ compared to the hydrodynamics case. With TC, the stream evolution can be categorised into three regimes: (1) the Diffusing Stream regime, where the stream diffuses into the surrounding hot circumgalactic medium; (2) the Intermediate regime, where TC diffuses the mixing layer, resulting in enhanced stabilization and reduced emissions; (3) the Condensing Stream regime, where the impact of magnetic field and TC on the stream's emission and evolution becomes negligible. Extrapolating our findings to the cosmological context suggests that cold streams with a radius of $\leq 1 \rm \, \rm kpc$ may fuel galaxies with cold, metal-enriched, magnetized gas ($B \sim 0.1-1 \, \rm μG$) for a longer time, leading to a broad range of Ly$α$ luminosity signatures of $\sim 10^{37}-10^{41}\, \rm \, erg \, s^{-1}$.
description: 19 pages, 15 figures, 1 video link (https://youtu.be/zhNCGoiUYgE), 3 Appendices; accepted to MNRAS (December 2023)
DIHNET- Deliverable 6.2 – Data Management Plan
Creators: name: Karanikolova, Kristina
name: Baartmans, Ruud
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: This data management plan describes what data the DIHNET.EU project will generate, whether and how it will be exploited or made accessible for verification and reuse, and how it will be preserved. Due to its activities DIHNET.EU will not generate any research data and therefore the project opted out for participation Pilot on Open Research Data. The data management plan addresses the data aspects around the community, events participants data, consortium and advisory board data, website, social media, catalogue, surveys, file storage, repositoryand the Champion Challenge prize.
Tools to Measure Software Energy Consumption from your Computer
Creators: name: Cruz, Luis
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Software
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Computer Engineering
subject: 80309 Software Engineering

description: Measuring the energy consumption of software is far from being a trivial task. This article provides essential details about energy consumption tools, their configuration in various software systems, and associated pros and cons. Being able to measure and interpret energy data is one of the most important skills to create Green Software. Blog post.
SEC Administrative Proceedings and Equal Protection “Class of One” Challenges
Creators: name: Dvorak, Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2016

description: SEC Administrative Proceedings and Equal Protection “Class of One” Challenges: Evaluating Concerns about SEC Forum Choices Notes, 2015 Colum. Bus. L. Rev. 1195 (2015). In the years since the passage of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, the Securities and Exchange Commission has made use of its new authority to initiate administrative proceedings against individuals who previously would have faced action in federal court. Several individuals have challenged the SEC’s decision to bring enforcement actions in the administrative forum as a violation of equal protection rights. Their arguments draw on two Supreme Court cases—Village of Willowbrook v. Olech and Engquist v. Oregon Department of Agriculture—that allow “classes of one” to pursue equal protection claims. This Note addresses this recent string of challenges. It aims to show that the current system is open to abuse and can potentially lead to the sort of unfair treatment that the Equal Protection Clause of the Constitution condemns. As such, the system by which the SEC selects a forum is in need of reforms that will alleviate the present concerns. The SEC should implement changes to minimize the burdens individuals face in administrative proceedings and should also provide greater transparency about its rationale for selecting a particular forum.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2015 No. 3
A Uniform Representation of Classical and Quantum Source Code for Static Code Analysis
Creators: name: Kaul, Maximilian
name: Küchler, Alexander
name: Banse, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The emergence of quantum computing raises the question of how to identify (security-relevant) programming errors during development. However, current static code analysis tools fail to model information specific to quantum computing. In this paper, we identify this information and propose to extend classical code analysis tools accordingly. Among such tools, we identify the Code Property Graph to be very well suited for this task as it can be easily extended with quantum computing specific information. For our proof of concept, we implemented a tool which includes information from the quantum world in the graph and demonstrate its ability to analyze source code written in Qiskit and OpenQASM. Our tool brings together the information from the classical and quantum world, enabling analysis across both domains. By combining all relevant information into a single detailed analysis, this powerful tool can facilitate tackling future quantum source code analysis challenges.
description: 2023 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Computing and Engineering (QCE)
Detection of highly ionized CIV gas within the Local Cavity
Creators: name: Welsh, Barry Y.
name: Wheatley, Jonathan
name: Siegmund, Oswald H. W.
name: Lallement, Rosine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present high resolution (R = 114,000) ultraviolet measurements of the interstellar absorption line profiles of the CIV (1550 A) high ionization doublet recorded towards the nearby B2Ve star HD 158427 (d~74pc). These data, which were recorded with the recently re-furbished STIS instrument on the HST, represent the most convincing detection yet of highly ionized CIV absorption that can be associated with interstellar gas located within the boundary of the Local Cavity. Two highly ionized gas clouds at V1 = -24.3 km/s and V2 = -41.3 km/s are revealed in both CIV absorption lines, with the V1 component almost certainly being due to absorption by the Local Interstellar Cloud (d<5pc). Although the observed column densities for both cloud components can be explained by the predictions of current theoretical models of the local interstellar medium, the narrow doppler width of the V2 line-profile (b = 6.8 km/s) indicates an unusually low gas temperature of less than 34,000K for this highly ionized component. It is conjectured that the V2 cloud may be due to an outflow of highly ionized and hot gas from the nearby Loop I superbubble. These new data also indicate that absorption due to highly ionized gas in the Local Cavity can be best described as being 'patchy' in nature.
description: Accepted ApJ. Letters
Credit Rating Agency Reform
Creators: name: Guo, Carrie
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2016

description: Credit rating agencies have come under increased scrutiny since the global financial crisis of 2007–2008, and they have been recognized as holding a key gatekeeping role in the capital markets. As such, an entire subtitle of the comprehensive Dodd-Frank Act—Subtitle C of Title IX—is dedicated to rating agency reform. In particular, given the importance of private enforcement in the overall regulatory framework, the language of Section 933(b) is especially promising, as it relaxes the scienter requirement for complaints filed as part of private class action suits against rating agency defendants. Indeed, that section received specific attention immediately following the passage of the Dodd-Frank Act for its potential to effect reform. Using a framework of policy and economic considerations, this Note analyzes the theoretical effectiveness of Dodd-Frank Section 933(b) in comparison with its actual effect since enactment. The discussion explores potential explanations, both intrinsic and extrinsic to the legal system, for why the observed effect of the provision has thus far fallen short of expectations. The analysis suggests that rating agencies have reacted to Section 933(b) by adopting generic provisions in their respective codes of conduct stipulating compliance, greatly decreasing the efficacy of the provision in private securities litigation in light of pleadings standards that have become increasingly stringent over the past decade. The Note concludes by proposing potential solutions to this inefficacy.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2016 No. 1
D1.2 Design of network slicing and supporting systems
Creators: name: Gallego, Adrián
name: Elmokashfi, Ahmed
name: Gonzalez, Andres J.
name: Guerrero, Carmen
name: Politis, Christos
name: Tranoris, Christos
name: Kalogiros, Costas
name: Warren, Dan
name: Lopez, Diego R.
name: Kritharidis, Dimitrios
name: Michelinakis, Foivos
name: Stamoulis, George D.
name: Joao Rodrigues
name: Carapinha, Jorge
name: Ordonez-Lucena, Jose
name: Mahmood, Kashif
name: Liolis, Konstantinos
name: Intracom Telecom
name: Intracom Telecom
name: Pauls, Michael
name: Xie, Min
name: Grønsund, Pål
name: Muschamp, Paul
name: Puneet Gupta
name: Trivisonno, Riccardo
name: Briedigkeit, Thomas
name: Theodorou, Vasileios
name: Wint Yi Poe
name: Wang, Yue
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: 5G, Network Slicing, Architecture

description: Network slicing as a key feature of 5G is supported by 5G-VINNI end-to-end Facility to validate the performance of 5G services and use cases by operating trials required by Verticals. This document contains Network slicing architecture and supporting systems for 5G-VINNI Facility Sites to be able to implement 5G services with Network Slicing. Network Slicing design and supporting systems for 5G-VINNI Facility Sites are mainly based on 3GPP specifications, but also taking into consideration work in other standardization bodies (SDOs) for vertical requirements and 5G evolutions. The enhancements of 5G Network Slicing learned during the implementation of 5G services with Network slicing to Verticals will be considered for the development and further refinements in the next releases.
Neurocognitive Processes Associated with Peer Preference in Preschool Children
Creators: name: Ruiz-Rizzo, Adriana Lucia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Peer preference
Inhibitory control
BIS/BAS
EEG frontal asymmetry
FFFS
reward responsiveness

description: Master's thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the examination requirements of the Research

Master Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience. Specialization Neuropsychology, Maastricht

University

Abstract

Being liked or preferred by peers is important for human beings and more so for children. During

preschool years the development of the ability to relate to peer groups takes place. At this age,

being highly disliked by peers in a group may be a sign of the particular functioning of specific

neurocognitive processes. This study thus explored how cognitive inhibitory control (CIC) and

behavioral inhibition/behavioral activation systems (BIS/BAS) are associated with peer

preference in preschool children. Twenty-nine 4-year-olds were tested with a neuropsychological

measure of CIC (i.e. peg tapping task), and a neuropsychological (i.e. SPSRQ-C) and a

neurophysiological (i.e. EEG frontal asymmetry) measure of BIS/BAS activity. Peer preference

was measured with sociometric interviews. CIC was not associated with peer preference. In

contrast, BIS was positively related with peer preference, while BAS was negatively related with

peer preference. Specifically, the ‘fight/flight/freezing system’ factor of the BIS and the ‘drive’

factor of the BAS showed the significant correlation with peer preference. Furthermore, the BIS

to BAS ratios proved useful to explain peer preference. No correlation was found between EEG

frontal asymmetry and peer preference. The importance of considering both BIS and BAS scores

is discussed. A major role of BIS/BAS, compared to CIC, in level of peer preference was

concluded.
On the development of a novel solidification crack test for additive manufacturing
Creators: name: Wall, Andrew
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Additive manufacturing (AM) is an emerging manufacturing technique in which parts are ‘printed’ one layer at a time, which presents many unique opportunities for innovative and sustainable manufacturing, but also presents many challenges. By example, solidification cracking (SC) is a metallurgical defect that occurs during the solidification of alloys in processes such as welding, casting, and AM. SC can cause significant mechanical deterioration in parts in which it occurs, and SC remains a significant hurdle for AM processes. Research into the causes, effects, and mitigation strategies of SC in AM is ongoing, however strategies of analysing and quantifying SC is inconsistent across studies. This thesis presents a novel test for SC susceptibility in AM processes. A benchmark specimen has been produced in order to assess the viability of a self-restraint test that can promote cracking in a repeatable and quantifiable manner. The design aims to be simple, yet robust, in order to be applicable to a range of AM processes. Samples were printed by laser directed energy deposition using Inconel 625 powder for repeatability analysis, and a sample was produced using Inconel 718 powder as a comparative analysis to assess the ability to distinguish SC susceptibility between material compositions. It was found that the initial design was capable of producing cracks with repeatable results, and cracks formed in the Inconel 718 sample were less severe than the cracks produced in the Inconel 625 samples. However, the cracks were determined to be ductile fractures that initiated in the solid-state rather than SC. A redesign of the specimen is presented to address the issues facing the initial design. Changes to dimensions were made to improve printability and reduce stress concentrations in order to reduce the likelihood of solid-state cracking in favour of promoting SC initiation modes. The results provide a foundation for standardisation of SC in AM. Standardised testing is a necessary step for widespread adoption of AM, and this first step may be used for further test development as the presented design may also serve as a basis for non-SC fracture modes, such as the solid-state cracking observed in the initial samples.
Monte Carlo maximum likelihood estimation for discretely observed diffusion processes
Creators: name: Beskos, Alexandros
name: Papaspiliopoulos, Omiros
name: Roberts, Gareth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65C30 (Primary) 62M05 (Secondary)

description: This paper introduces a Monte Carlo method for maximum likelihood inference in the context of discretely observed diffusion processes. The method gives unbiased and a.s.\@ continuous estimators of the likelihood function for a family of diffusion models and its performance in numerical examples is computationally efficient. It uses a recently developed technique for the exact simulation of diffusions, and involves no discretization error. We show that, under regularity conditions, the Monte Carlo MLE converges a.s. to the true MLE. For datasize $n\to\infty$, we show that the number of Monte Carlo iterations should be tuned as $\mathcal{O}(n^{1/2})$ and we demonstrate the consistency properties of the Monte Carlo MLE as an estimator of the true parameter value.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/07-AOS550 the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Do SEC’s 10b5-1 Safe Harbor Rules Need To Be Rewritten?
Creators: name: Mavruk, Taylan
name: Seyhun, H. Nejat
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2016

description: We examine the profitability of insider trading under SEC Rule 10b5-1 plans. The plans do work to prevent some informed trading. However, on average, insider trading under the safe harbor plans appears to be motivated by material non-public information. We propose some policy changes to tighten the rule and enable separation of informed and uninformed insider trading.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2016 No. 1
Conformal House
Creators: name: Ryttov, Thomas A
name: Sannino, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the gauge dynamics of nonsupersymmetric SU(N) gauge theories featuring the simultaneous presence of fermionic matter transforming according to two distinct representations of the underlying gauge group. We bound the regions of flavors and colors which can yield a physical infrared fixed point. As a consistency check we recover the previously investigated conformal windows bounds when restricting to a single matter representation. The earlier conformal windows can be imagined to be part now of the new conformal house. We predict the nonperturbative anomalous dimensions at the infrared fixed points. We further investigate the effects of adding mass terms to the condensates on the conformal house chiral dynamics and construct the simplest instanton induced effective Lagrangian terms.
Faint but not forgotten. I. First results from a search for astrospheres around AGB stars in the far-ultraviolet
Creators: name: Sahai, Raghvendra
name: Stenger, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the GALEX archive, we have discovered extended structures around ten asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars (out of a total 92 searched) emitting in the far-ultraviolet (FUV) band. In all but one, we find the typical morphology expected for a spherical wind moving relative to, and interacting with the ISM to produce an astrosphere. The exception is V\,Hya whose mass-ejection is known to be highly aspherical, where we find evidence of its large parabolic outflows interacting with the ISM, and its collimated, extreme velocity outflows interacting with the circumstellar medium. For 8 objects with relatively large proper motions, we find (as expected) that the termination-shock region lies in a hemisphere that contains the proper motion vector. Radial intensity cuts for each source have been used to locate the termination shock and the astropause's outer edge. In a few objects, the cuts also reveal faint emission just outside the astropause that likely arises in shocked ISM material. We have used these data, together with published mass-loss rates and wind expansion velocities, to determine the total mass lost and duration for each source -- we find that the duration of and total mass in the shocked wind are significantly larger than their corresponding values for the unshocked wind. The combination of FUV and far-IR data on AGB astrospheres, provides a unique database for theoretical studies (numerical simulations) of wind-ISM interactions. We show that a Cyclical Spatial Heterodyne Spectrometer on a small space-based telescope, can provide high-resolution spectra of astrospheres to confirm the emission mechanism.
Against All Odds
Creators: name: Kastiel, Kobi
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2016

description: The importance of shareholder activism in widely held public companies is already broadly recognized. Less well understood, however, is the role that activist hedge funds play in public companies with a controlling shareholder, and the common view has been that dispersed stock ownership is typically a precondition for activist intervention. To fill this gap, this Article presents the first comprehensive account of hedge fund activism in controlled companies in the United States. Using empirical data and illustrative examples from recent years, the Article finds a surprising number of activist engagements with controlled companies, and unveils the variety of channels through which activism is deployed as well as the limitations of these channels. It concludes by offering regulators and institutional investors some suggestions for further empowering activists in controlled companies, such as granting investors unaffiliated with the controllers the right to elect minority directors.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2016 No. 1
The early evolution of massive black holes
Creators: name: Volonteri, Marta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Massive black holes are nowadays believed to reside in most local galaxies. Studies have also established a number of relations between the MBH mass and properties of the host galaxy such as bulge mass and velocity dispersion. These results suggest that central MBHs, while much less massive than the host (~0.1%), are linked to the evolution of galactic structure. When did it all start? In hierarchical cosmologies, a single big galaxy today can be traced back to the stage when it was split up in hundreds of smaller components. Did MBH seeds form with the same efficiency in small proto-galaxies, or did their formation had to await the buildup of substantial galaxies with deeper potential wells? I briefly review here some of the physical processes that are conducive to the evolution of the massive black hole population. I will discuss black hole formation processes for `seed' black holes that are likely to place at early cosmic epochs, and possible observational tests of these scenarios.
description: 8 pages. To appear in the proceedings of the IAU Symposium 267, Co-evolution of Central Black Holes and Galaxies
Compact binary systems in Einstein-Aether gravity: Direct integration of the relaxed field equations to 2.5 post-Newtonian order
Creators: name: Taherasghari, Fatemeh
name: Will, Clifford M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Einstein-Aether theory is an alternative theory of gravity in which the spacetime metric is supplemented by a long-range timelike vector field (the "aether" field). Here, for the first time, we apply the full formalism of post-Minkowskian theory and of the Direct Integration of the Relaxed Einstein Equations (DIRE), to this theory of gravity, with the goal of deriving equations of motion and gravitational waveforms for orbiting compact bodies to high orders in a post-Newtonian expansion. Because the aether field is constrained to have unit norm, a naive application of post-Minkowskian theory leads to contributions to the effective energy momentum tensor that are {\em linear} in the perturbative fields. We show that a suitable redefinition of fields using an array of "superpotentials" can eliminate such linear terms to any desired post-Newtonian order, resulting in flat spacetime wave equations for all fields, with sources consisting of matter terms and terms quadratic and higher in the fields. As an initial application of this new method, and as a foundation for obtaining the equations of motion for compact binaries, we obtain explicit solutions of the relaxed equations sufficient to obtain the metric in the near zone through 2.5 post-Newtonian order, or $O[(v/c)^5]$ beyond the Newtonian approximation.
description: 17 pages; minor corrections and changes to agree with published version
Establishing connection between neutron star properties and nuclear matter parameters through a comprehensive multivariate analysis
Creators: name: Patra, N. K.
name: Saxena, Prafulla
name: Agrawal, B. K.
name: Jha, T. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have attempted to mitigate the challenge of connecting the neutron star (NS) properties with the nuclear matter parameters that describe equations of state (EoSs). The efforts to correlate various neutron star properties with individual nuclear matter parameters have been inconclusive. A Principal Component Analysis is employed as a tool to uncover the connection between multiple nuclear matter parameters and the tidal deformability as well as the radius of neutron stars within the mass range of $1.2-1.8M_\odot$. The essential EOSs for neutron star matter at low densities have been derived using both uncorrelated uniform distributions and minimally constrained joint posterior distributions of nuclear matter parameters. For higher densities ($ρ> 0.32$fm$^{-3}$), the EOSs have been established through a suitable parameterization of the speed of sound, which consistently maintains causality and gradually approaches the conformal limit. Our analysis reveals that in order to account for over 90\% of the variability in NS properties, it is crucial to consider two or more principal components, emphasizing the significance of employing multivariate analysis. To explain the variability in tidal deformability needs a greater number of principal components compared to those for the radius at a given NS mass. The contributions from iso-vector nuclear matter parameters to the tidal deformability and radius of NS decrease by $\sim$ 25\% with the increase in mass of NS from 1.2$M_\odot$ to 1.8$M_\odot$.
description: 12 Pages, 7 Figures and 2 Tables (Accepted in Physical Review D)
Tropidonotus ferox Gu.
Creators: name: Müller, F
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1885
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Squamata
Ophidia
Colubridae
Tropidonotus
Tropidonotus ferox

description: Tropidonotus ferox Gü.
(Helicops mortuarius Jan.)
Kamerun v. H. Dr. Passavant. [1]
Während ein früher aus Lagos erhaltenes Stück vollkommen mit Günthers Beschreibung (Ann. M. N. h. 1863) stimmt, zeigt das vorliegende in Beschuppung und Färbung Abweichungen, die aber wohl kaum zur Annahme einer besondern Art berechtigen.
Schuppen in 25 (statt 21 — 23) Reihen. Augenring, abgesehen vom superciliure, aus 5 Schuppen bestehend, von denen 2 als prae-, 3 als postocularia anzusehen sind. Temporelia. 1 + 3.
Rückeu und Seiten einfärbig dunkelschwarzbraun, Bauch mit Einschluss der untern Hälfte der ersten Serie gelb. Alle ventralia. mit dunkelm Saum. Unterseite des Schwanzes duukcloliv. Je das dritte ventrele am Rand mit schwarzen Tupfen, so dass eine punktirte Seitenreihe entsteht. — Kopfschilder dunkelolivbraun mit schwarzen Säumen; einige infralabialia hinten mit schmutziggelben Flecken. — 142 + ¹ ₁ + 3 + 69.
description: Published as part of Müller, F, 1885, Vierter Nachtrag zum Katalogder herpetologischen Sammlung des Basler Museums, pp. 668-717 in Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel. 7 (3) on page 682, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.part.2388, http://zenodo.org/record/15183591
Berkshire’s Blemishes
Creators: name: Cunningham, Lawrence A.
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2016

description: Berkshire Hathaway’s unique managerial model is lauded for its great value; this Article highlights its costs. Most costs stem from the same features that yield such great value, which boil down, ironically, to Berkshire trying to be something it isn’t: it is a massive industrial conglomerate run as an old-fashioned investment partnership. An advisory board gives unchecked power to a single manager (Warren Buffett); Buffett makes huge capital allocations and pivotal executive hiring-and-firing decisions with modest investigation and scant oversight; Berkshire’s autonomous and decentralized structure grants operating managers enormous discretion with limited second-guessing; its trustbased culture relies on a cultivated vision of integrity more than internal controls; and its thrifty anti-bureaucracy means no central departments, such as public relations or general counsel. Delineating the visible costs of Berkshire’s model confirms the desirability of tolerating many of them, given the value concurrently generated, but also reveals ways to improve the model—a few while Buffett is at the helm, but mostly for successors. Current reform suggestions include hiring a fulltime public relations professional at headquarters and more systematically developing senior executives; suggestions for future reform include enhanced subsidiary compliance resources and separating the identity and personal opinions of top executives from the corporation and its official policy. Besides helping Berkshire, the review and suggestions will help managers of other companies inspired by Buffett’s unique managerial model and policymakers who should study it. Implications for peers and policymakers include highlighting flexibility in corporate governance, the efficacy of the conglomerate form, and especially the value of strategies that produce long-term thinking among shareholders and managers alike.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2016 No. 1
Penn Central 2.0
Creators: name: Adler, Samantha Peikoff
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2016

description: A transferable development right or “TDR” refers to the air space above a zoning lot that can be sold to neighboring landowners who seek to build structures that exceed the maximum height permitted by zoning. Until recently, if a developer in Midtown Manhattan required TDRs, he or she needed to acquire them from a landmark building. The city originally intended this scheme to benefit landmark owners, whose properties are regulated from utilizing the full envelope of their air space. However, in 2015 New York City amended its Zoning Resolution to allow developers to build higher in exchange for providing public amenities—without having to purchase TDRs from anyone. This type of “zoning bonus” may significantly impair TDR values. Yet development bonuses often generate needed infrastructure, and whether TDRs merit the same degree of constitutional protection as land remains unclear. This Note engages in the first sustained analysis of TDRs as the principal subject of a regulatory taking by examining whether a regulation that diminishes the value of TDRs, as opposed to the underlying fee estate in land, constitutes a taking. Specifically, this Note uses Grand Central Terminal’s current claim against the City of New York as a lens through which to examine this issue. It then advances a framework by which to analyze the future generation of cases involving the diminution in value of TDRs. This Note concludes that while the position of Grand Central’s owner is not constitutionally protected, viable policy arguments exist for municipalities to provide incentives that support a robust TDR market.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2015 No. 3
Ternary superconducting hydrides in the La-Mg-H system
Creators: name: Shutov, Grigoriy
name: Semenok, Dmitrii
name: Kruglov, Ivan A.
name: Oganov, Artem R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ternary or more complex hydrogen-rich hydrides are the main hope of reaching room-temperature superconductivity at high pressures. Their chemical space is vast and its exploration is challenging. Here we report the investigation of the La-Mg-H ternary system using the evolutionary algorithm USPEX at pressures on the range 150-300 GPa. Several ternary superconducting hydrides were found, including thermodynamically stable $P6/mmm$-LaMg$_{3}$H$_{28}$ with $T_{\mathrm{C}}=164$ K at 200 GPa, $P/2m$-LaMgH$_8$, $C2/m$-La$_2$MgH$_{12}$ and $P2/m$-La$_3$MgH$_{16}$. In addition, novel binary hydrides were predicted to be stable at various pressures, such as $Cm$-Mg$_6$H$_{11}$, $P1$-MgH$_{26}$, $Fmm2$-MgH$_{30}$, $P1$-MgH$_{38}$ and $R\overline{3}m$-LaH$_{13}$. We also report several novel low-enthalpy metastable phases, both ternary and binary ones. Finally, we demonstrate important methods of exploring very large chemical spaces and show how they can improve crystal structure prediction.