cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Colorblindness and scientific figures: evaluation of microshades color palette accessibility for color vision deficiency (CVD) in taxonomic stacked bar plots
Creators: name: Rouhier, Alexandra
Publisher: name: Oregon Health and Science University
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mycobiome
subject: Data Visualization
subject: Color Vision Defects
subject: Diversity, Equity, Inclusion
subject: Microshades
subject: Taxonomic Abundance
subject: CVD
subject: Colorblindness
subject: Accessibility

description: The field of microbiome research has grown exponentially in both popularity and importance over the past decade. Microbiome data consists of highly dimensional and complex information. Taxonomic abundance stacked bar plots are commonly used to provide a broad overview of microbiome data and to pinpoint specific taxa of interest for further analysis. These scientific plots use color to convey complex information, making interpretation difficult for those with CVD who cannot perceive the entire spectrum of color and struggle to differentiate between certain hues. Two of the most popular tools for microbiome data analysis are Bioconductor in R and QIIME 2 in Python. Although Bioconductor and QIIME 2 are widely used analysis tools, they do not give users the option to apply color palettes which are both CVD-accessible and include enough hues to guarantee that individual shades will be distinguishable.
High-energy frontier of the muon g-2 at a muon collider
Creators: name: Paradisi, Paride
name: Sumensari, Olcyr
name: Valenti, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The long-standing muon g-2 anomaly can be explained by heavy new physics particles through chirally enhanced contributions. It has been recently proposed that a muon collider running at center-of-mass energies of several TeV could test these new physics scenarios in a model-independent way, through the study of high-energy processes such as mu+ mu- --> h gamma. In this work, we validate these findings, based on effective field theories, by considering selected renormalizable simplified models and by computing this one-loop process in full generality. Furthermore, we explore the interplay of direct and indirect high-energy searches to pin down the details of the underlying new physics model accommodating the muon g-2 anomaly.
description: 19 pages, 8 figures. v2: minor modifications, accepted for publication in Physical Review D. Mathematica notebook with general expressions for the mu+ mu- --> h gamma amplitude added as an ancillary file
Some considerations on duality concerning kappa-Minkowski spacetime theories
Creators: name: Nikoofard, Vahid
name: Abreu, Everton M. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we have analyzed the $κ$-deformed Minkowski spacetime through the light of the interference phenomena in QFT where two opposite chiral fields are put together in the same multiplet and its consequences are discussed. The chiral models analyzed here are the chiral Schwinger model, its generalized version and its gauge invariant version, where a Wess-Zumino term were added. We will see that the final actions obtained here are in fact related to the original ones via duality transformations.
description: 20 pages
Competition-Level Code Generation with AlphaCode
Creators: name: Li, Yujia
name: Choi, David
name: Chung, Junyoung
name: Kushman, Nate
name: Schrittwieser, Julian
name: Leblond, Rémi
name: Eccles, Tom
name: Keeling, James
name: Gimeno, Felix
name: Lago, Agustin Dal
name: Hubert, Thomas
name: Choy, Peter
name: d'Autume, Cyprien de Masson
name: Babuschkin, Igor
name: Chen, Xinyun
name: Huang, Po-Sen
name: Welbl, Johannes
name: Gowal, Sven
name: Cherepanov, Alexey
name: Molloy, James
name: Mankowitz, Daniel J.
name: Robson, Esme Sutherland
name: Kohli, Pushmeet
name: de Freitas, Nando
name: Kavukcuoglu, Koray
name: Vinyals, Oriol
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Programming is a powerful and ubiquitous problem-solving tool. Developing systems that can assist programmers or even generate programs independently could make programming more productive and accessible, yet so far incorporating innovations in AI has proven challenging. Recent large-scale language models have demonstrated an impressive ability to generate code, and are now able to complete simple programming tasks. However, these models still perform poorly when evaluated on more complex, unseen problems that require problem-solving skills beyond simply translating instructions into code. For example, competitive programming problems which require an understanding of algorithms and complex natural language remain extremely challenging. To address this gap, we introduce AlphaCode, a system for code generation that can create novel solutions to these problems that require deeper reasoning. In simulated evaluations on recent programming competitions on the Codeforces platform, AlphaCode achieved on average a ranking of top 54.3% in competitions with more than 5,000 participants. We found that three key components were critical to achieve good and reliable performance: (1) an extensive and clean competitive programming dataset for training and evaluation, (2) large and efficient-to-sample transformer-based architectures, and (3) large-scale model sampling to explore the search space, followed by filtering based on program behavior to a small set of submissions.
description: 74 pages
The development of mutation detection techniques and their application to disease diagnosis
Creators: name: Douglas., Andrea M.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
title: Repräsentiert die Kombinationstherapie aus autologem Bone Marrow Concentrate und Platelet-rich Plasma eine Alternative zur autologen Spongiosa bei der Behandlung von knöchernen Defekten am langen Röhrenknochen?
Creators: name: Jungbluth, Pascal
name: Grassmann, Jan-Peter
name: Schneppendahl, Johannes
name: Herten, Monika
name: Thelen, Simon
name: Wild, Michael
name: Windolf, Joachim
name: Hakimi, Mohssen
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Einleitung: Die Anwendung autologer Spongiosa zur Behandlung knöcherner Defekte ist als Goldstandard etabliert. Als Alternative wird der Einsatz von Orthobiologica, wie zum Beispiel Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) und Bone Marrow Concentrate (BMC) zur Verbesserung der knöchernen Regeneration kontrovers[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 53. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Plastische und Wiederherstellungschirurgie (DGPW)
Trustworthiness of measurement devices in round-robin differential-phase-shift quantum key distribution
Creators: name: Cao, Zhu
name: Yin, Zhen-Qiang
name: Han, Zheng-Fu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Round-robin differential-phase-shift quantum key distribution (RRDPS QKD) has been proposed to raise the noise tolerability of the channel. However, in practice, the measurement device in RRDPS QKD may be imperfect. Here, we show that, with these imperfections, the security of RRDPS may be damaged, by proposing two attacks for RRDPS systems with uncharacterized measurement devices. One is valid even for a system with unit total efficiency, while the other is valid even when a single photon state is sent. To prevent these attacks, either security arguments need to be fundamentally revised or further practical assumptions on the measurement device should be put.
On commutator-based linearization of vector-spinor nonlinear supersymmetry and Rarita-Schwinger fields
Creators: name: Tsuda, Motomu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the linearization of vector-spinor (spin-3/2) nonlinear supersymmetry (vsNLSUSY) transformations for both $N = 1$ and $N$-extended SUSY in flat spacetime based on the commutator algebra by using functionals (composites) of spin-3/2 Nambu-Goldstone (NG) fermions, which are expressed as simple products of powers of the spin-3/2 NG fermions and a fundamental determinant in the vsNLSUSY theory. We define basic component fields by means of those functionals in a linearized vsSUSY theory including spin-3/2 fields, general auxiliary ones and a $D$-term. The general forms of linear (rigid) vsSUSY transformations for the component fields are determined uniquely from the commutator-based linearization procedure. By considering appropriate recombinations of the functionals of the spin-3/2 NG fermions for $N = 1$ SUSY, we find that variations of the recombinations under the vsNLSUSY transformations include linear spin-1/2 SUSY ones of spin-(3/2, 1) fields with $U(1)$ gauge invariance. The spinorial gauge invariance of the Rarita-Schwinger action in the linearization process is also discussed together with the $U(1)$ gauge invariance.
description: 16 pages, typos corrected, references added, expanded version with added discussions on the spinorial gauge invariance of the Rarita-Schwinger action etc
title: Percutaneous versus surgical strategy for tracheostomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of peri- and postoperative complications
Creators: name: Klotz, Rosa
name: Deininger, Marlene
name: Klaiber, Ulla
name: Grummich, Kathrin
name: Probst, Pascal
name: Diener, Markus K.
name: Büchler, Markus Wolfgang
name: Knebel, Phillip
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Background: Tracheostomy is one of the most frequently performed procedures in intensive care medicine. The two main approaches to form a tracheostoma are the open surgical tracheotomy (ST) and the percutaneous dilatational tracheotomy (PDT). The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL]
description: 133. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Chirurgie
Repetitive DNA sequences of Mycobacterium bovis
Creators: name: Doran., Timothy James
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
title: Einfluss der Sarkopenie auf die Morbidität und Mortalität bei Patienten mit kurativ reseziertem Pankreaskarzinom
Creators: name: Fraziano, Marcel
name: Herzog, Torsten
name: Haller, Stephan
name: Uhl, Waldemar
name: Belyaev, Orlin
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Einleitung: Postoperative Morbidität und Mortalität bei Patienten mit kurativ reseziertem duktalen Pankreaskarzinom (PDAC) sind multifaktoriell bedingt. Literaturdaten über den Einfluss der Sarkopenie (präoperativen Muskelabbau) in der Pankreaskarzinomchirurgie sind spärlich[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 133. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Chirurgie
Cross-scale excitability in networks of synaptically-coupled quadratic integrate-and-fire neurons
Creators: name: Avitabile, Daniele
name: Desroches, Mathieu
name: Ermentrout, G. Bard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: From the action potentials of neurons and cardiac cells to the amplification of calcium signals in oocytes, excitability is a hallmark of many biological signalling processes. In recent years, excitability in single cells has been related to multiple-timescale dynamics through canards, special solutions which determine the effective thresholds of the all-or-none responses. However, the emergence of excitability in large populations remains an open problem. Here, we show that the mechanism of excitability in large networks and mean-field descriptions of coupled quadratic integrate-and-fire (QIF) cells mirrors that of the individual components. We initially exploit the Ott-Antonsen ansatz to derive low-dimensional dynamics for the coupled network and use it to describe the structure of canards via slow periodic forcing. We demonstrate that the thresholds for onset and offset of population firing can be found in the same way as those of the single cell. We combine theoretical analysis and numerical computations to develop a novel and comprehensive framework for excitability in large populations, applicable not only to models amenable to Ott-Antonsen reduction, but also to networks without a closed-form mean-field limit, in particular sparse networks.
Fragmented spin ice and multi-$k$ ordering in rare-earth antiperovskites
Creators: name: Szabó, Attila
name: Orlandi, Fabio
name: Manuel, Pascal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study near-neighbour and dipolar Ising models on a lattice of corner-sharing octahedra. In an extended parameter range of both models, frustration between antiferromagnetism and a spin-ice-like three-in-three-out rule stabilises a Coulomb phase with correlated dipolar and quadrupolar spin textures, both yielding distinctive neutron-scattering signatures. Strong further-neighbour perturbations cause the two components to order independently, resulting in unusual multi-$k$ orders. We propose experimental realisations of our model in rare-earth antiperovskites.
description: Authors' final version. 6+12 pages, 5+6 figures, 0+4 tables with supplementary text. Ancillary mcif files illustrate the ordered phases
Inference of B cell clonal families using heavy/light chain pairing information
Creators: name: Ralph, Duncan K.
name: Matsen, Frederick A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Next generation sequencing of B cell receptor (BCR) repertoires has become a ubiquitous tool for understanding the antibody-mediated immune response: it is now common to have large volumes of sequence data coding for both the heavy and light chain subunits of the BCR. However, until the recent development of high throughput methods of preserving heavy/light chain pairing information, these samples contained no explicit information on which heavy chain sequence pairs with which light chain sequence. One of the first steps in analyzing such BCR repertoire samples is grouping sequences into clonally related families, where each stems from a single rearrangement event. Many methods of accomplishing this have been developed, however, none so far has taken full advantage of the newly-available pairing information. This information can dramatically improve clustering performance, especially for the light chain. The light chain has traditionally been challenging for clonal family inference because of its low diversity and consequent abundance of non-clonal families with indistinguishable naive rearrangements. Here we present a method of incorporating this pairing information into the clustering process in order to arrive at a more accurate partition of the data into clonally related families. We also demonstrate two methods of fixing imperfect pairing information, which may allow for simplified sample preparation and increased sequencing depth. Finally, we describe several other improvements to the partis software package (https://github.com/psathyrella/partis).
Galactic and extragalactic contributions to the astrophysical muon neutrino signal
Creators: name: Neronov, A.
name: Semikoz, D. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spectral and anisotropy properties of IceCube astrophysical neutrino signal reveal an evidence for a significant Galactic contribution to the neutrino flux in Southern hemisphere. We check if the Galactic contribution is detectable in the astrophysical muon neutrino flux observed from a low positive declinations region of the Northern sky. Estimating the Galactic neutrino flux in this part of the sky from gamma-ray and Southern sky neutrino data, we find that the Northern sky astrophysical muon neutrino signal shows an excess over the Galactic flux. This points to the presence of an additional hard spectrum (extragalactic or large scale Galactic halo) component of astrophysical neutrino flux. We show that the Galactic flux component should still be detectable in the muon neutrino data in a decade long IceCube exposure.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Born-Oppenheimer potentials for $Π$, $Δ$, and $Φ$ states of the hydrogen molecule
Creators: name: Siłkowski, Michał
name: Pachucki, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on accurate variational calculations of the Born-Oppenheimer potential for excited states of the hydrogen molecule with $Π$, $Δ$, and $Φ$ symmetries. The obtained potential energy curves reach the relative precision of $10^{-9}$ or better along internuclear distances of 0.01 -- 20 au. Calculations rely on recursive evaluation of two-center two-electron molecular integrals with exponential functions in arbitrary precision arithmetics. Our results for most of the states are the first ever reported, and for the previously calculated states constitute an improvement by several orders of magnitude.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables, submitted to Molecular Physics
DAN: a Segmentation-free Document Attention Network for Handwritten Document Recognition
Creators: name: Coquenet, Denis
name: Chatelain, Clément
name: Paquet, Thierry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Unconstrained handwritten text recognition is a challenging computer vision task. It is traditionally handled by a two-step approach, combining line segmentation followed by text line recognition. For the first time, we propose an end-to-end segmentation-free architecture for the task of handwritten document recognition: the Document Attention Network. In addition to text recognition, the model is trained to label text parts using begin and end tags in an XML-like fashion. This model is made up of an FCN encoder for feature extraction and a stack of transformer decoder layers for a recurrent token-by-token prediction process. It takes whole text documents as input and sequentially outputs characters, as well as logical layout tokens. Contrary to the existing segmentation-based approaches, the model is trained without using any segmentation label. We achieve competitive results on the READ 2016 dataset at page level, as well as double-page level with a CER of 3.43% and 3.70%, respectively. We also provide results for the RIMES 2009 dataset at page level, reaching 4.54% of CER. We provide all source code and pre-trained model weights at https://github.com/FactoDeepLearning/DAN.
Hadamard function and the vacuum currents in braneworlds with compact dimensions: Two-branes geometry
Creators: name: Bellucci, S.
name: Saharian, A. A.
name: Vardanyan, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We evaluate the Hadamard function and the vacuum expectation value (VEV) of the current density for a charged scalar field in the region between two co-dimension one branes on the background of locally AdS spacetime with an arbitrary number of toroidally compactified spatial dimensions. Along compact dimensions periodicity conditions are considered with general values of the phases and on the branes Robin boundary conditions are imposed for the field operator. In addition, we assume the presence of a constant gauge field. The latter gives rise to Aharonov-Bohm type effect on the vacuum currents. There exists a range in the space of the Robin coefficients for separate branes where the vacuum state becomes unstable. Compared to the case of the standard AdS bulk, in models with compact dimensions the stability condition imposed on the parameters is less restrictive. The current density has nonzero components along compact dimensions only. These components are decomposed into the brane-free and brane-induced contributions. The component along a given compact dimension is a periodic function of the gauge field flux, enclosed by that dimension, with the period of the flux quantum. An important feature, that distinguishes the current density from the expectation values of the field squared and energy-momentum tensor, is its finiteness on the branes. In particular, for Dirichlet boundary condition the current density vanishes on the branes. We show that, depending on the constants in the boundary conditions, the presence of the branes may either increase or decrease the current density compared with that for the brane-free geometry. Applications are given to the Randall--Sundrum 2-brane model with extra compact dimensions.
description: 29 pages, 7 figures, PACS numbers: 04.62.+v, 04.50.-h, 11.10.Kk, 11.25.-w. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1508.07255
Timing Properties of Blue-emitting Scintillating Fibers
Creators: name: Bravar, A.
name: Demets, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scintillating fibers are widely used in particle detectors, mainly for tracking. We have studied the properties and have compared the performance of different blue-emitting 250~$μ$m diameter round double-clad scintillating fibers from Kuraray and Saint-Gobain. Here we focus on the properties of the fibers over short lengths ($< 50~{\rm cm}$), in particular on their timing performances. We report on the light yield and attenuation, scintillation light decay time and the achievable time resolution.
description: To be submitted to JINST
MPEC 2023-O33 : 2023 OQ
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 OQ

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Starburst galaxies as seen by gamma-ray telescopes
Creators: name: Ohm, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Starburst galaxies have a highly increased star-formation rate compared to regular galaxies and inject huge amounts of kinetic power into the interstellar medium via supersonic stellar winds, and supernova explosions. Supernova remnants, which are considered to be the main source of cosmic rays (CRs), form an additional, significant energy and pressure component and might influence the star-formation process in a major way. Observations of starburst galaxies at γ-ray energies gives us the unique opportunity to study non-thermal phenomena associated with hadronic CRs and their relation to the star-formation process. In this work, recent observations of starburst galaxies with space and ground-based γ-ray telescopes are being reviewed and the current state of theoretical work on the γ-ray emission is discussed. A special emphasis is put on the prospects of the next-generation Cherenkov Telescope Array for the study of starburst galaxies in particular and star-forming galaxies in general.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures. To be published in a topical review of Comptes Rendus Physique on "Gamma-ray Astronomy", Eds. B. Degrange & G. Fontaine
Entangled photon added coherent states
Creators: name: Dominguez-Serna, Francisco A.
name: Mendieta, Francisco J.
name: Rojas, Fernando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the degree of entanglement of arbitrary superpositions of $m,n$ photon-added coherent states (PACS) $|ψ\rangle \propto u |α,m\rangle |β,n \rangle+ v |β,n\rangle |α,m\rangle$ using the concurrence, and obtain the general conditions for maximal entanglement. We show that photon addition process can be identified as an entanglement enhancer operation for superpositions of coherent states (SCS). Specifically for the known bipartite positive SCS: $|ψ\rangle \propto |α\rangle_a |-α\rangle_b + |-α\rangle_a |α\rangle_b $ whose entanglement tends to zero for $α\to 0$, can be maximal if al least one photon is added in a subsystem. A full family of maximally entangled PACS is also presented. We also analyzed the decoherence effects in the entangled PACS induced by a simple depolarizing channel. We find that robustness against depolarization is increased by adding photons to the coherent states of the superposition. We obtain the dependence of the critical depolarization $p_{\text{crit}}$ for null entanglement as a function of $m,n, α$ and $β$.
Bond-Selective Intensity Diffraction Tomography
Creators: name: Zhao, Jian
name: Matlock, Alex
name: Zhu, Hongbo
name: Song, Ziqi
name: Zhu, Jiabei
name: Wang, Biao
name: Chen, Fukai
name: Zhan, Yuewei
name: Chen, Zhicong
name: Xu, Yihong
name: Lin, Xingchen
name: Tian, Lei
name: Cheng, Ji-Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recovering molecular information remains a grand challenge in the widely used holographic and computational imaging technologies. To address this challenge, we developed a computational mid-infrared photothermal microscope, termed Bond-selective Intensity Diffraction Tomography (BS-IDT). Based on a low-cost brightfield microscope with an add-on pulsed light source, BS-IDT recovers both infrared spectra and bond-selective 3D refractive index maps from intensity-only measurements. High-fidelity infrared fingerprint spectra extraction is validated. Volumetric chemical imaging of biological cells is demonstrated at a speed of ~20 seconds per volume, with a lateral and axial resolution of ~350 nm and ~1.1 micron, respectively. BS-IDT's application potential is investigated by chemically quantifying lipids stored in cancer cells and volumetric chemical imaging on Caenorhabditis elegans with a large field of view (~100 micron X 100 micron).
Neuroscience and psychology in context: Social and structural determinants of psychological health and behavior.
Creators: name: Cardenas-Iniguez, Carlos
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: ABCD Study
subject: Social and Structural Determinants of Health
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Neuroscience

description: These are the slides for a department colloquium presentation given for the Department of Psychology at the University of Oregon in Eugene, Oregon. Abstract: Title: Neuroscience and psychology in context: Social and structural determinants of psychological health and behavior
 Abstract: Unprecedented economic and racial inequities have motivated scholarly work in diverse disciplines such as sociology, public health, psychology, and neuroscience. Traditional indicators of socioeconomic status (SES; i.e., educational attainment, income, occupation) have provided evidence for the effects of social stratification on psychological well-being and health. However, more specific indicators of social, built, and natural environments are needed to characterize the mechanisms through which these structural and sociopolitical contexts impact neural and psychological processes. This talk will discuss a number of studies illustrating how environmental variables impact psychological health, functioning, and behavior (i.e., structural and social determinants of health), via the use of multivariate statistical techniques, integrating data across multiple sources and levels of analysis, primarily drawing from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. Furthermore, this talk will also discuss active efforts to highlight the perspectives of historically minoritized groups and reflect on responsible use and communication of research related to these groups, thereby dispelling harmful narratives that further reinforce social stratification.
Ab initio calculation of real solids via neural network ansatz
Creators: name: Li, Xiang
name: Li, Zhe
name: Chen, Ji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neural networks have been applied to tackle many-body electron correlations for small molecules and physical models in recent years. Here we propose a new architecture that extends molecular neural networks with the inclusion of periodic boundary conditions to enable ab initio calculation of real solids. The accuracy of our approach is demonstrated in four different types of systems, namely the one-dimensional periodic hydrogen chain, the two-dimensional graphene, the three-dimensional lithium hydride crystal, and the homogeneous electron gas, where the obtained results, e.g. total energies, dissociation curves, and cohesive energies, outperform many traditional ab initio methods and reach the level of the most accurate approaches. Moreover, electron densities of typical systems are also calculated to provide physical intuition of various solids. Our method of extending a molecular neural network to periodic systems can be easily integrated into other neural network structures, highlighting a promising future of ab initio solution of more complex solid systems using neural network ansatz, and more generally endorsing the application of machine learning in materials simulation and condensed matter physics.
Compensation for Booster Leakage Field in the Duke Storage Ring
Creators: name: Li, Wei
name: Hao, Hao
name: Mikhailov, Stepan F.
name: Popov, Victor
name: Li, Wei-Min
name: Wu, Ying K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The High Intensity Gamma-ray Source (HIGS) at Duke University is an accelerator-driven Compton gamma-ray source, providing high flux gamma-ray beam from 1 MeV to 100 MeV for photo-nuclear physics research. The HIGS facility operates three accelerators, a linac pre-injector (0.16 GeV), a booster injector (0.16-1.2 GeV), and an electron storage ring (0.24-1.2 GeV). Because of proximity of the booster injector to the storage ring, the magnetic field of the booster dipoles close to the ring can significantly alter the closed orbit in the storage ring being operated in the low energy region. This type of orbit distortion can be a problem for certain precision experiments which demand a high degree of the energy consistency of the gamma-ray beam. This energy consistency can be achieved by maintaining consistent aiming of the gamma-ray beam, therefore, a steady electron beam orbit and angle at the Compton collision point. To overcome the booster leakage field problem, we have developed an orbit compensation scheme. This scheme is developed using two fast orbit correctors and implemented as a feedforward which is operated transparently together with the slow orbit feedback system. In this paper, we will describe the development of this leakage field compensation scheme, and report the measurement results which have demonstrated the effectiveness of the scheme.
Phase diagram and polarization of stable phases of (Ga$_{1-x}$In$_x$)$_2$O$_3$
Creators: name: Maccioni, Maria Barbara
name: Fiorentini, Vincenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using density-functional ab initio calculations, we provide a revised phase diagram of (Ga$_{1-x}$In$_{x})_2$O$_3$. Three phases --monoclinic, hexagonal, cubic bixbyite-- compete for the ground state. In particular, in the $x$$\sim$0.5 region we expect coexistence of hexagonal, $β$, and bixbyite (the latter separating into binary components). Over the whole $x$ range, mixing occurs in three disconnected regions, and non-mixing in two additional distinct regions. We then explore the permanent polarization of the various phases, finding that none of them is polar at any concentration, despite the possible symmetry reductions induced by alloying. On the other hand, we find that the $\varepsilon$ phase of Ga$_2$O$_3$ stabilized in recent growth experiments is pyroelectric --i.e. locked in a non-switchable polarized structure-- with ferroelectric-grade polarization and respectable piezoelectric coupling. We suggest that this phase could be used profitably to produce high-density electron gases in transistor structures.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Seasonality, density dependence and spatial population synchrony
Creators: name: Nicolau, Pedro G
name: Sørbye, Sigrunn H
name: Yoccoz, Nigel G
name: Ims, Rolf A
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Spatial population synchrony has been the focus of theoretical and empirical studies for decades, in the hopes of understanding mechanisms and interactions driving ecological dynamics. In many systems, it is well-known that seasonality plays a critical role in the density dependence structure of the populations, yet this has hardly received any attention in synchrony studies. Here, we propose a protocol that allows to elucidate deterministic and stochastic sources of spatial synchrony, while accounting for geographic- and season-specific density dependence. We apply our protocol to seasonally-sampled time series of sub-arctic gray-sided voles, known for marked spatial synchrony. Dissociating seasonal density-dependence contributions to the total observed synchrony reveals differential strength and shape of synchrony patterns by season. Mild winter weather reveals to be an important driver of vole spatial synchrony, with lagged effects in the fall. This has direct implications to the future population dynamics of such species when facing climate change.
description: 22 pages, 5 main figures, 2 appendix figures, 3 appendix table
Exploring canyons in glassy energy landscapes using metadynamics
Creators: name: Thirumalaiswamy, Amruthesh
name: Riggleman, Robert A.
name: Crocker, John C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The complex physics of glass forming systems is controlled by the structure of the low energy portions of their potential energy landscapes. Here, we report that a modified metadynamics algorithm efficiently explores and samples low energy regions of such high-dimensional landscapes. In the energy landscape for a model foam, our algorithm finds and descends meandering `canyons' in the landscape, which contain dense clusters of energy minima along their floors. Similar canyon structures in the energy landscapes of two model glass formers -- hard sphere fluids and the Kob-Andersen glass -- allow us to reach high densities and low energies, respectively. In the hard sphere system, fluid configurations are found to form continuous regions that cover the canyon floors up to densities well above the jamming transition. For the Kob-Andersen glass former, our technique samples low energy states with modest computational effort, with the lowest energies found approaching the predicted Kauzmann limit.
description: 8 pages and 5 figures, plus appendices
Dust-driven winds of AGB stars: The critical interplay of atmospheric shocks and luminosity variations
Creators: name: Liljegren, S.
name: Höfner, S.
name: Nowotny, W.
name: Eriksson, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Winds of AGB stars are thought to be driven by a combination of pulsation-induced shock waves and radiation pressure on dust. In dynamic atmosphere and wind models, the stellar pulsation is often simulated by prescribing a simple sinusoidal variation in velocity and luminosity at the inner boundary of the model atmosphere. We experiment with different forms of the luminosity variation in order to assess the effects on the wind velocity and mass-loss rate, when progressing from the simple sinusoidal recipe towards more realistic descriptions. Using state-of-the-art dynamical models of C-rich AGB stars, a range of different asymmetric shapes of the luminosity variation and a range of phase shifts of the luminosity variation relative to the radial variation are tested. These tests are performed on two stellar atmosphere models. The first model has dust condensation and, as a consequence, a stellar wind is triggered, while the second model lacks both dust and wind. The first model with dust and stellar wind is very sensitive to moderate changes in the luminosity variation. There is a complex relationship between the luminosity minimum, and dust condensation: changing the phase corresponding to minimum luminosity can either increase or decrease mass-loss rate and wind velocity. The luminosity maximum dominates the radiative pressure on the dust, which in turn, is important for driving the wind. These effects of changed luminosity variation are coupled with the dust formation. In contrast there is very little change to the structure of the model without dust. Changing the luminosity variation, both by introducing a phase shift and by modifying the shape, influences wind velocity and the mass-loss rate. To improve wind models it would probably be desirable to extract boundary conditions from 3D dynamical interior models or stellar pulsation models.
description: 11 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
title: Определение вируса лейкоза у крупного рогатого скота серологическим методом
Creators: name: Кужебаева, Улболсын Жангазиевна
name: Канатбаев, Серик Ганиевич
name: Кайленова, Айзада Талгатовна
Publisher: name: ФГБНУ КНЦЗВ
Year: 2022

description: В работе представлены данные по инфицированности вирусом лейкоза крупного рога-того скота (BLV). Всего было исследовано в РИД 287 голов крупного рогатого скота, процент инфицированности составил 32,06 %. Процент инфицированности мясного скота составил 4,76 %, что на 22,54 % ниже чем у молочного скота. Это можно связать с тем, что молочный скот наиболее подверженным к инфицированности BLV. Исследование крупного рогатого скота на наличие антител к вирусу лейкоза методом серологической диагностики (РИД) необходимо для дальнейшего проведения оздоровительных мероприятий в хозяйстве.
Calpain regulation of platelet adhesion under flow
Creators: name: Dopheide., Sacha Marie
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Conversational agents for fostering curiosity-driven learning in children
Creators: name: Abdelghani, Rania
name: Oudeyer, Pierre-Yves
name: Law, Edith
name: de Vulpillières, Catherine
name: Sauzéon, Hélène
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Curiosity is an important factor that favors independent and individualized learning in children. Research suggests that it is also a competence that can be fostered by training specific metacognitive skills and information-searching behaviors. In this light, we develop a conversational agent that helps children generate curiosity-driven questions, and encourages their use to lead autonomous explorations and gain new knowledge. The study was conducted with 51 primary school students who interacted with either a neutral agent or an incentive agent that helped curiosity-driven questioning by offering specific semantic cues. Results showed a significant increase in the number and the quality of the questions generated with the incentive agent. This interaction also resulted in longer explorations and stronger learning progress. Together, our results suggest that the more our agent is able to train children's curiosity-related metacognitive skills, the better they can maintain their information-searching behaviors and the more new knowledge they are likely to acquire.
The coupling of the hydrated proton to its first solvation shell
Creators: name: Schröder, Markus
name: Gatti, Fabien
name: Lauvergnat, David
name: Meyer, Hans-Dieter
name: Vendrell, Oriol
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The transfer of a hydrated proton between water molecules in aqueous solution is accompanied by the large-scale structural reorganization of the environment as the proton relocates, giving rise to the Grotthus mechanism. The Zundel (H5O2+) and Eigen (H9O4+) cations are the main intermediate structures in this process. They exhibit radically different gas-phase infrared (IR) spectra, indicating fundamentally different environments of the solvated proton in its first solvation shell. The question arises: is there a least common denominator structure that explains the IR spectra of the Zundel and Eigen cations, and hence of the solvated proton? Full dimensional quantum simulations of these protonated cations demonstrate that two dynamical water molecules embedded in the static environment of the parent Eigen cation constitute this fundamental subunit. It is sufficient to explain the spectral signatures and anharmonic couplings of the solvated proton in its first solvation shell. In particular, we identify the anharmonic vibrational modes that explain the large broadening of the proton transfer peak in the experimental IR spectrum of the Eigen cation, of which the origin remained so far unclear. Our findings about the quantum mechanical structure of the first solvation shell provide a starting point for further investigations of the larger protonated water clusters with second and additional solvation shells.
description: main article with 4 figures, methods, and supporting information
A little bit of extra functoriality for Ext and the computation of the Gerstenhaber bracket
Creators: name: Suárez-Álvarez, Mariano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16E40

description: We show that the action of the Lie algebra HH^1(A) of outer derivations of an associative algebra A on the Hochschild cohomology HH^*(A) of A given by the Gerstenhaber bracket can be computed in terms of an arbitrary projective resolution of A as an A-bimodule, without having recourse to comparison maps between the resolution and the bar resolution.
description: 21 pages, 1 figure
Plane wave implementation of the magnetic force theorem for magnetic exchange constants: Application to bulk Fe, Co and Ni
Creators: name: Durhuus, Frederik
name: Skovhus, Thorbjørn
name: Olsen, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a plane wave implementation of the magnetic force theorem, which provides a first principles framework for extracting exchange constants parameterizing a classical Heisenberg model description of magnetic materials. It is shown that the full microscopic exchange tensor may be expressed in terms of the static Kohn-Sham susceptibility tensor and the exchange-correlation magnetic field. This formulation allows one to define arbitrary magnetic sites localized to predefined spatial regions, hence rendering the problem of finding Heisenberg parameters independent of any orbital decomposition of the problem. The susceptibility is calculated in a plane wave basis, which allows for systematic convergence with respect to unoccupied bands and spatial representation. We then apply the method to the well-studied problem of calculating adiabatic spin wave spectra for bulk Fe, Co and Ni, finding good agreement with previous calculations. In particular, we utilize the freedom of defining magnetic sites to show that the calculated Heisenberg parameters are robust towards changes in the definition of magnetic sites. This demonstrates that the magnetic sites can be regarded as well-defined and thus asserts the relevance of the Heisenberg model description despite the itinerant nature of the magnetic state.
Perceptual Vector Quantization For Video Coding
Creators: name: Valin, Jean-Marc
name: Terriberry, Timothy B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper applies energy conservation principles to the Daala video codec using gain-shape vector quantization to encode a vector of AC coefficients as a length (gain) and direction (shape). The technique originates from the CELT mode of the Opus audio codec, where it is used to conserve the spectral envelope of an audio signal. Conserving energy in video has the potential to preserve textures rather than low-passing them. Explicitly quantizing a gain allows a simple contrast masking model with no signaling cost. Vector quantizing the shape keeps the number of degrees of freedom the same as scalar quantization, avoiding redundancy in the representation. We demonstrate how to predict the vector by transforming the space it is encoded in, rather than subtracting off the predictor, which would make energy conservation impossible. We also derive an encoding of the vector-quantized codewords that takes advantage of their non-uniform distribution. We show that the resulting technique outperforms scalar quantization by an average of 0.90 dB on still images, equivalent to a 24.8% reduction in bitrate at equal quality, while for videos, the improvement averages 0.83 dB, equivalent to a 13.7% reduction in bitrate.
description: 11 pages, Proceedings of SPIE Visual Information Processing and Communication, 2015