cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Random Ferns for Semantic Segmentation of PolSAR Images
Creators: name: Wei, Pengchao
name: Hänsch, Ronny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Random Ferns -- as a less known example of Ensemble Learning -- have been successfully applied in many Computer Vision applications ranging from keypoint matching to object detection. This paper extends the Random Fern framework to the semantic segmentation of polarimetric synthetic aperture radar images. By using internal projections that are defined over the space of Hermitian matrices, the proposed classifier can be directly applied to the polarimetric covariance matrices without the need to explicitly compute predefined image features. Furthermore, two distinct optimization strategies are proposed: The first based on pre-selection and grouping of internal binary features before the creation of the classifier; and the second based on iteratively improving the properties of a given Random Fern. Both strategies are able to boost the performance by filtering features that are either redundant or have a low information content and by grouping correlated features to best fulfill the independence assumptions made by the Random Fern classifier. Experiments show that results can be achieved that are similar to a more complex Random Forest model and competitive to a deep learning baseline.
description: This is the author's version of the article as accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2021. Link to original: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9627989
GKZ hypergeometric systems of the three-loop vacuum Feynman integrals
Creators: name: Zhang, Hai-Bin
name: Feng, Tai-Fu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the Gel'fand-Kapranov-Zelevinsky (GKZ) hypergeometric systems of the Feynman integrals of the three-loop vacuum diagrams with arbitrary masses, basing on Mellin-Barnes representations and Miller's transformation. The codimension of derived GKZ hypergeometric systems equals the number of independent dimensionless ratios among the virtual masses squared. Through GKZ hypergeometric systems, the analytical hypergeometric series solutions can be obtained in neighborhoods of origin including infinity. The linear independent hypergeometric series solutions whose convergent regions have non-empty intersection can constitute a fundamental solution system in a proper subset of the whole parameter space. The analytical expression of the vacuum integral can be formulated as a linear combination of the corresponding fundamental solution system in certain convergent region.
description: 49 pages, 2 figures and 1 Ancillary file (3LVFIGKZ.nb for supplementary material), Published by JHEP
Transition from Diffusive to Superdiffusive Transport in Carbon Nanotube Networks via Nematic Order Control
Creators: name: Wais, Michael
name: Bagsican, Filchito Renee G.
name: Komatsu, Natsumi
name: Gao, Weilu
name: Serita, Kazunori
name: Murakami, Hironaru
name: Held, Karsten
name: Kawayama, Iwao
name: Kono, Junichiro
name: Battiato, Marco
name: Tonouchi, Masayoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The one-dimensional confinement of quasiparticles in individual carbon nanotubes (CNTs) leads to extremely anisotropic electronic and optical properties. In a macroscopic ensemble of randomly oriented CNTs, this anisotropy disappears together with other properties that make them attractive for certain device applications. The question however remains if not only anisotropy, but other types of behaviours are suppressed by disorder. Here, we compare the dynamics of quasiparticles under strong electric fields in aligned and random CNT networks using a combination of terahertz emission and photocurrent experiments and out-of-equilibrium numerical simulations. We find that the degree of alignment strongly influences the excited quasiparticles' dynamics, rerouting the thermalisation pathways. This is, in particular, evidenced in the high-energy, high-momentum electronic population (probed through the formation of low energy excitons via exciton impact ionization) and the transport regime evolving from diffusive to superdiffusive.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures
Comparative genomic analysis and characterization of Staphylococcus sp. AOAB, isolated from a notoriously invasive Mnemiopsis leidyi gut revealed multiple antibiotic resistance determinants
Creators: name: Mariita, Richard
name: Hossain, Mohammad J.
name: Moss, Anthony G.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60503 Microbial Genetics
subject: 60504 Microbial Ecology

description: Supplementary Methods S1: Culture medium for enrichment, isolation of ctenophore endobacteriaSupplementary Figure S2: Growth of yellow pigmented Staphylococcus mnemiopsis AOAB on LB agar after 3 days at 30°CSupplementary Figure S3: Unrooted neighbor-joining tree based on ClustalW alignments for 16S rRNA gene sequences of S. mnemiopsis AOAB with closely related Staphylococcus species. Numbers at nodes indicate the percentage of bootstrap support based on 1500 replications.Supplementary Figure S4: Cellular fatty acid composition for Staphylococcus mnemiopsis AOAB using gas chromatography (chromatograph was fitted with a 5% phenyl-methyl silicone capillary column). Peak areas (a) and standard deviation (b) on percentage composition identified 17 fatty acids.Supplementary Figure S5: Polar lipids analysis of Staphylococcus mnemiopsis AOAB (= DSMT102048 =NRRL B-65367T) using two-dimensional silica gel TLC (Macherey-Nagel Art. No. 818 135)
Aspects of the Electroweak Skyrmion
Creators: name: Bolognesi, Stefano
name: Gudnason, Sven Bjarke
name: Santoni, Giacomo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider certain aspects of the electroweak Skyrmion (EWS). We discuss the case of EWS with dynamical Higgs and find numerical solutions for various values of the cutoff scale. Our results are qualitatively similar to the ones present in the literature, but we find a considerable lower mass than previous studies. We discuss the quantization of the light degrees of freedom and prove that the EWS is a boson. We consider the interaction between fermions and the EWS and the transfer of fermionic charge onto the soliton. We consider the large distance structure of the soliton and the interaction between two well separated EWSs. We find that the classical EWS has a magnetic dipole moment. We discuss the lifetime of the metastable soliton. Finally, we discuss some phenomenological and cosmological consequences of our results.
description: LaTeX: 37 pages, 10 figures; V2: comments added, typos corrected
Detection and Characterisation of a Coronal Mass Ejection using Interplanetary Scintillation measurements from the Murchison Widefield Array
Creators: name: Morgan, J.
name: McCauley, P. I.
name: Waszewski, A.
name: Ekers, R.
name: Chhetri, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have shown previously that the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA), can detect hundreds of Interplanetary Scintillation (IPS) sources simultaneously across a field of view $\sim30^\circ$ in extent. To test if we can use this capability to track heliospheric structures, we undertook a search of 88 hours of MWA IPS data, and identified an observation likely to have a significant Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) in the field of view. We demonstrate that in a single 5-minute MWA observation we are able to localise and image a CME $\sim$33 hours after launch at an elongation of $\sim37^\circ$ from the Sun. We use IPS observables to constrain the kinematics of the CME, and describe how MWA IPS observations can be used in the future to make a unique contribution to heliospheric modelling efforts.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in "Space Weather" (ISSN:1542-7390)
Estudos de Conservação e Restauro, n. 6 (2014)
Creators: name: Estudos De Conservação E Restauro
Publisher: name: Estudos de Conservação e Restauro
Year: 2014

description: Editorial...5-11 More than gold - an interdisciplinary, complementary study of gilding materials and techniques in Baroque altarpieces from Portugal...13-37 Reflexões sobre ética e deontologia profissional: In Memoriam de Luís Elias Casanovas...293-296 Notícias...302-317 Coelho, B., & Quites, M. R. E. (2014). Estudo da Escultura Devocional em Madeira. Editora Fino Traço....298-298 Estudo técnico e material do suporte das pinturas de Diogo Teixeira realizadas para o Mosteiro de Arouca...38-59 Sehn, M. M. (2014). Entre Resíduos e Dominós. Preservação de Instalações de Arte no Brasil. Editora C/ Arte....299-300 Estudo de deficiências visuais para a reintegração cromática...60-89 A materialidade e a arte de pintar de Pedro Alexandrino de Carvalho em três telas de altar...90-114 Desenvolvimento de uma metodologia para a interpretação de espectros de microfluorescência de raios x dispersiva de energia (EDXRF): análise de um conjunto de pigmentos de referência e estudo da sua composição elementar...115-139 Análise comparativa das técnicas e materiais em pinturas de caixotões no norte de Portugal...140-162 Primórdios da pintura sobre tela em Portugal. Contributos para a sua conservação através de um estudo técnico e material...163-185 Francisco Correia e a sua produção pictórica na Misericórdia do Porto. Caracterização técnica e material das bandeiras da Paixão de Cristo...186-210 Avaliação do desempenho higrotérmico das reservas da Câmara Municipal de Matosinhos (Portugal)...211-247 Estudo técnico da tela Efeitos de luz num armazém de Abel Salazar: um trabalho representativo da sua produção pictórica final...248-274 Confluências e divergências nos materiais de entretelagem em Portugal e Espanha...275-292
Psychological and nutritional correlates of objectively assessed physical activity in patients with anorexia nervosa
Creators: name: Grosser, Julia
name: Hofmann, Tobias
name: Stengel, Andreas
name: Zeeck, Almut
name: Winter, Sibylle
name: Correll, Christoph U.
name: Haas, Verena
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: adolescents and adults
subject: anorexia nervosa
subject: body fat
subject: food intake
subject: physical activity
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Physical activity (PA) plays a role in the course of anorexia nervosa (AN). Objective: To assess the association between PA, nutritional status and psychological parameters in patients with AN. Method: Using a wearable activity monitor, PA was assessed in 60 female AN inpatients, by step count and time spent in 4 metabolic equivalent (MET)-intensity levels: sedentary behaviour, light, moderate and vigorous PA. In addition, BMI, psychological (patient-reported outcome questionnaires) and nutritional parameters (body fat, energy and macronutrient intake) were assessed. Results: The study population spent little time in vigorous PA. BMI on admission and discharge was higher when more time was spent in sedentary behaviour, and lower with more time spent in light PA. Relationships between PA and patient-reported outcomes were weak and limited to an association between vigorous PA and compulsiveness. Low fat mass was associated with more time spent in light PA, while subjects with higher step counts showed less intake of energy, carbohydrates and fat. Conclusion: The relationship between inadequate food intake and increased PA in patients with AN requires further investigation.
Tracing ocean pathways : modelling manganese and lead in the Canadian Arctic
Creators: name: Rogalla, Birgit
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Human-induced climate change is rapidly altering the Arctic sea ice regime, ocean dynamics, and freshwater cycle. These changes impact biogeochemical cycling, including the cycling of trace elements, but the exact manifestations remain unclear. Over the past decade, the international GEOTRACES program has greatly expanded the coverage of trace element observations in the Arctic Ocean, capturing the current state of the system. These observations, in conjunction with improvements in model representations, allow the development of trace element models to investigate drivers of the spatial distribution and seasonal variability of trace element concentrations, and to estimate sensitivity of trace element cycling to climate change. This dissertation describes some of the first three-dimensional models of the dissolved micronutrient manganese (Mn) and pollutant lead (Pb) in the Canadian Arctic Ocean, including the Canada Basin, the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA), and Baffin Bay. I highlight sources that control the distributions of Mn and Pb in this region, and use Mn and Pb to trace sea ice sediments and river runoff, and Atlantic Water. The Mn model highlights the significance of the long-range transport of sediments by sea ice for micronutrients such as Mn in the Canada Basin. The disruption of the transpolar sea ice drift could reduce Mn supply to the Canada Basin and downstream. Sensitivity experiments varying the Mn content in runoff identify distinct continental and glacial runoff fingerprints of influence in the southwestern and northern CAA, respectively. Glacial runoff carries micronutrients southward from Nares Strait in the late summer and may help support longer phytoplankton blooms in the Pikialasorsuaq Polynya. The Pb model illustrates the continued impact of anthropogenic pollution on Pb concentrations in the Arctic through aerosol deposition, boundary transport, and, likely, river runoff and sediment resuspension. The Labrador Sea is a net source of Pb to Baffin Bay via the West Greenland Current and Pb highlights pathways of Atlantic Water in Baffin Bay. The model results presented in this thesis highlight trace element concentrations and supply mechanisms in the Arctic Ocean and their sensitivity to climatic changes, and illustrates the use of trace element models in extending knowledge gained from observations.
Diffusion-Shock Inpainting
Creators: name: Schaefer, Kristina
name: Weickert, Joachim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We propose diffusion-shock (DS) inpainting as a hitherto unexplored integrodifferential equation for filling in missing structures in images. It combines two carefully chosen components that have proven their usefulness in different applications: homogeneous diffusion inpainting and coherence-enhancing shock filtering. DS inpainting enjoys the complementary synergy of its building blocks: It offers a high degree of anisotropy along an eigendirection of the structure tensor. This enables it to connect interrupted structures over large distances. Moreover, it benefits from the sharp edge structure generated by the shock filter, and it exploits the efficient filling-in effect of homogeneous diffusion. The second order equation that underlies DS inpainting inherits a continuous maximum-minimum principle from its constituents. In contrast to other attractive second order inpainting equations such as edge-enhancing anisotropic diffusion, we can guarantee this property also for the proposed discrete algorithm. Our experiments show a performance that is comparable to or better than many linear or nonlinear, isotropic or anisotropic processes of second or fourth order. They include homogeneous diffusion, biharmonic interpolation, TV inpainting, edge-enhancing anisotropic diffusion, the methods of Tschumperlé and of Bornemann and März, Cahn-Hilliard inpainting, and Euler's elastica.
Semicontraction and Synchronization of Kuramoto-Sakaguchi Oscillator Networks
Creators: name: Delabays, Robin
name: Bullo, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper studies the celebrated Kuramoto-Sakaguchi model of coupled oscillators adopting two recent concepts. First, we consider appropriately-defined subsets of the $n$-torus called winding cells. Second, we analyze the semicontractivity of the model, i.e., the property that the distance between trajectories decreases when measured according to a seminorm. This paper establishes the local semicontractivity of the Kuramoto-Sakaguchi model, which is equivalent to the local contractivity for the reduced model. The reduced model is defined modulo the rotational symmetry. The domains where the system is semicontracting are convex phase-cohesive subsets of winding cells. Our sufficient conditions and estimates of the semicontracting domains are less conservative and more explicit than in previous works. Based on semicontraction on phase-cohesive subsets, we establish the "at most uniqueness" of synchronous states within these domains, thereby characterizing the multistability of this model.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Local majority-with-inertia rule can explain global consensus dynamics in a network coordination game
Creators: name: Gaisbauer, Felix
name: Strandburg-Peshkin, Ariana
name: Giese, Helge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study how groups reach consensus by varying communication network structure and individual incentives. In 342 networks of seven individuals, single opinionated "leaders" can drive decision outcomes, but do not accelerate consensus formation, whereas conflicting opinions slow consensus. While networks with more links reach consensus faster, this advantage disappears under conflict. Unopinionated individuals make choices consistent with a local majority rule combined with "inertia" favouring their previous choice, while opinionated individuals favour their preferred option but yield under high peer or time pressure. Simulations show these individual rules can account for group patterns, and allow rapid consensus while preventing deadlocks.
Fertility education for adolescent cancer patients: Gaps in current clinical practice in Europe
Creators: name: Korte, Elisabeth
name: Schilling, Ralph
name: Balcerek, Magdalena
name: Campbell, Helen
name: Dirksen, Uta
name: Herrmann, Gloria
name: Kepakova, Katerina
name: Kepak, Tomas
name: Klco‐Brosius, Stephanie
name: Kruseova, Jarmila
name: Kunstreich, Marina
name: Lackner, Herwig
name: Langer, Thorsten
name: Panasiuk, Anna
name: Stefanowicz, Joanna
name: Strauß, Gabriele
name: Ranft, Andreas
name: Byrne, Julianne
name: Goldbeck, Lutz
name: Borgmann‐Staudt, Anja
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: adolescent cancer patients
subject: cryopreservation
subject: fertility education
subject: fertility impairment
subject: fertility preservation
subject: shared decision-making
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Objective: As adolescent cancer patients may suffer from infertility following treatment, fertility counselling is essential. Our aim was to explore the current situation in four European countries in terms of (I) education about the risk for infertility, (II) counselling on fertility preservation, (III) patients' knowledge on fertility, (IV) sufficiency of information and (V) uptake of cryopreservation. Methods: In total, 113 patients (13–20 years) at 11 study centres completed a self-report questionnaire three and six months after cancer diagnosis. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: As many as 80.2% of participants reported having received education about the risk for infertility prior to treatment, 73.2% recalled counselling on fertility preservation. Only 52.3% stated they felt sufficiently informed to make a decision. Inability to recall counselling on fertility preservation (OR = 0.03, CI: 0.00–0.47) and female gender (OR = 0.11, CI: 0.03–0.48) was associated with lower use of cryopreservation, whereas older age was associated with higher use. Conclusion: Fertility counselling was available to a relatively high proportion of patients, and it did influence the utilisation of cryopreservation. However, many patients did not feel sufficiently informed. Further improvement is needed to enable adolescent cancer patients to make an informed decision on fertility preservation.
Unveiling properties of the non-thermal X-ray production in the gamma-ray binary LS 5039 using the long-term pattern of its fast X-ray variability
Creators: name: Yoneda, Hiroki
name: Bosch-Ramon, Valenti
name: Enoto, Teruaki
name: Khangulyan, Dmitry
name: Ray, Paul S.
name: Strohmayer, Tod
name: Tamagawa, Toru
name: Wadiasingh, Zorawar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gamma-ray binary systems, a subclass of high-mass X-ray binaries, show non-thermal emissions from radio to TeV. While efficient electron acceleration is considered to take place in them, the nature of the acceleration mechanism and the physical environments in these systems have been a long-standing question. In this work, we report on long-term recurrent patterns in the short-term variability of the soft X-ray emission of LS 5039, one of the brightest gamma-ray binary systems. The Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) observed LS 5039 four times from 2018 to 2021. By comparing them with the previous Suzaku and NuSTAR long-exposure observations, we studied the long-term evolution of the orbital light curve in the soft X-ray band. Although the observations by NICER and Suzaku are separated by $\sim$14 years, i.e., more than 10^3 orbits, the orbital light curves show remarkable consistency after calculating their running averages with a window width 70 ks. Furthermore, all of the light curves show short-term variability with a time scale of $\sim$10 ks. Since the column density did not vary when the flux changed abruptly, such a short-term variability seems to be an intrinsic feature of the X-ray emission. We propose that the short-term variability is caused by clumps (or inhomogeneities) of the companion star wind impacting the X-ray production site. The observed time scale matches well with the lifetime of the clumps interacting with the pulsar wind and the dynamical time scale of the relativistic intrabinary shock in the pulsar wind scenario.
description: 17 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
IgM and IgA in addition to IgG autoantibodies against FcɛRIα are frequent and associated with disease markers of chronic spontaneous urticaria
Creators: name: Altrichter, Sabine
name: Zampeli, Vasiliki
name: Ellrich, André
name: Zhang, Ke
name: Church, Martin K
name: Maurer, Marcus
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: autoantibodies
subject: autoimmunity
subject: chronic spontaneous urticaria
subject: IgM
subject: FcɛRIα
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background IgG autoantibodies against the high-affinity IgE receptor, FcɛRIα, contribute the pathogenesis of autoimmune chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). However, it is not known whether such patients also exhibit IgM or IgA autoantibodies against FcɛRIα. To address this question we developed an ELISA to assess serum levels of IgG, IgM, and IgA autoantibodies against FcɛRIα and investigated whether their presence is linked to clinical features of CSU including the response to autologous serum skin testing (ASST). Methods Serum samples of 35 CSU patients (25 ASST-positive) and 52 healthy control individuals were analyzed using a newly developed competitive ELISA for IgG, IgM, and IgA autoantibodies to FcɛRIα. Results One in four CSU patients (8/35, 24%) had elevated serum levels of IgG-anti-FcɛRIα compared with (3/52, 6%) healthy controls. More than half of patients had IgM (21/35, 60%) and IgA (20/35, 57%) vs (3/52, 5%) each in healthy controls. Elevated IgM, but not IgG or IgA, autoantibodies were significantly more frequent in ASST-positive CSU patients (18/25, 72%) compared with ASSTnegative patients (3/10, 33%,P = .022). Also, elevated levels of IgM-anti-FcɛRIα, but not of IgG or IgA against FcɛRIα, were linked to low blood basophil (r = .414,P = .021) and eosinophil (r = .623,P < .001) counts. Conclusions Increased serum levels of IgM-anti-FcɛRIα are common in patients with CSU and linked to features of autoimmune CSU. The role and relevance of autoantibodies to FcɛRIα in CSU can and should be further characterized in future studies, and our novel assay can help with this.
Explore the Power of Synthetic Data on Few-shot Object Detection
Creators: name: Lin, Shaobo
name: Wang, Kun
name: Zeng, Xingyu
name: Zhao, Rui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Few-shot object detection (FSOD) aims to expand an object detector for novel categories given only a few instances for training. The few training samples restrict the performance of FSOD model. Recent text-to-image generation models have shown promising results in generating high-quality images. How applicable these synthetic images are for FSOD tasks remains under-explored. This work extensively studies how synthetic images generated from state-of-the-art text-to-image generators benefit FSOD tasks. We focus on two perspectives: (1) How to use synthetic data for FSOD? (2) How to find representative samples from the large-scale synthetic dataset? We design a copy-paste-based pipeline for using synthetic data. Specifically, saliency object detection is applied to the original generated image, and the minimum enclosing box is used for cropping the main object based on the saliency map. After that, the cropped object is randomly pasted on the image, which comes from the base dataset. We also study the influence of the input text of text-to-image generator and the number of synthetic images used. To construct a representative synthetic training dataset, we maximize the diversity of the selected images via a sample-based and cluster-based method. However, the severe problem of high false positives (FP) ratio of novel categories in FSOD can not be solved by using synthetic data. We propose integrating CLIP, a zero-shot recognition model, into the FSOD pipeline, which can filter 90% of FP by defining a threshold for the similarity score between the detected object and the text of the predicted category. Extensive experiments on PASCAL VOC and MS COCO validate the effectiveness of our method, in which performance gain is up to 21.9% compared to the few-shot baseline.
Transitioning journals to open access via stakeholder-governed infrastructures
Creators: name: Nygård, Antti-Jussi
name: Sondervan, Jeroen
name: Thestrup, Jesper Boserup
name: Wennström, Sofie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Open Access
Open Journal Systems
Journal platform
Diamond Open Access

description: While many believe that the road to 100% open access (OA) is paved with making deals between publishers and national consortia, alternatively, some believe paying for publishing with APCs is the way forward. However, there is still a category of journals essential to the infrastructure of scholarly communication that is not included in such discussions. The academic community also needs venues to publish in other languages and to a local, regional or national audience. Journals publishing content closer to that context can also serve the purpose of being meaningful and return knowledge to the general society. Surveys indicate that national society journals struggle to move not only from print to digital formats but also to find funding to transition to OA as they can no longer rely only on members paying for subscriptions to their journals. Furthermore, there is a gap in access to resources to transition to a digital format that can be compared with the big players in the field. The local or regionally published articles deserve to reach a broader audience through machine-readable formats and structured metadata compatible and interoperable with relevant databases. Several countries in Europe are also aiming to meet the requirements from, e.g. EOSC, Plan S and other international OA initiatives. Including such structures in national policies means that some venues for scholarly communication risk being left behind if no investment is made to level the standards to fit with the new model. Platforms currently running in Denmark, Finland, The Netherlands and soon in Sweden are all examples of how resources are being added by stakeholders joining forces on a national level building a trustworthy platform for publishing journals. Such initiatives provide an alternative route towards OA for journals with local, regional or national relevance and in languages other than English. This poster aims to describe how the platforms will support scholarly communication by encouraging journals to undergo a transition to OA at a lower cost. It will describe how the platforms help the national journals to reach a larger audience by a distribution of
 structured metadata to essential infrastructures such as DOAJ, CrossRef, Open Citations, Sherpa/Romeo, etc. Links to platforms and project: Finland: www.journal.fi Denmark: www.tidsskrift.dk The Netherlands: www.openjournals.nl Sweden: https://www.kb.se/samverkan-och-utveckling/nytt-fran-kb/nyheter-samverkan-och-utveckling/2020-04-30-swedish-open-access-journals-on-joint-platform.html
Interleukin‐12/23 deficiency differentially affects pathology in male and female Alzheimer's disease‐like mice
Creators: name: Eede, Pascale
name: Obst, Juliane
name: Benke, Eileen
name: Yvon‐Durocher, Genevieve
name: Richard, Bernhard C.
name: Gimber, Niclas
name: Schmoranzer, Jan
name: Böddrich, Annett
name: Wanker, Erich E.
name: Prokop, Stefan
name: Heppner, Frank L.
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Alzheimer's disease
subject: gender
subject: IL-12/IL-23
subject: innate immunity
subject: β-amyloid
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Pathological aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) is a main hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent genetic association studies have linked innate immune system actions to AD development, and current evidence suggests profound gender differences in AD pathogenesis. Here, we characterise gender-specific pathologies in the APP23 AD-like mouse model and find that female mice show stronger amyloidosis and astrogliosis compared with male mice. We tested the gender-specific effect of lack of IL12p40, the shared subunit of interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-23, that we previously reported to ameliorate pathology in APPPS1 mice. IL12p40 deficiency gender specifically reduces Aβ plaque burden in male APP23 mice, while in female mice, a significant reduction in soluble Aβ1–40 without changes in Aβ plaque burden is seen. Similarly, plasma and brain cytokine levels are altered differently in female versus male APP23 mice lacking IL12p40, while glial properties are unchanged. These data corroborate the therapeutic potential of targeting IL-12/IL-23 signalling in AD, but also highlight the importance of gender considerations when studying the role of the immune system and AD.
Stakeholder utility measures for declarative processes and their use in process comparisons
Creators: name: Dukes, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a method for calculating and analyzing stakeholder utilities of processes that arise in, but are not limited to, the social sciences. These areas include business process analysis, healthcare workflow analysis and policy process analysis. This method is quite general and applicable to any situation in which declarative-type constraints of a modal and/or temporal nature play a part. A declarative process is a process in which activities may freely happen while respecting a set of constraints. For such a process, anything may happen so long as it is not explicitly forbidden. Declarative processes have been used and studied as models of business and healthcare workflows by several authors. In considering a declarative process as a model of some system it is natural to consider how the process behaves with respect to stakeholders. We derive a measure for stakeholder utility that can be applied in a very general setting. This derivation is achieved by listing a collection a properties which we argue such a stakeholder utility function ought to satisfy, and then using these to show a very specific form must hold for such a utility. The utility measure depends on the set of unique traces of the declarative process, and calculating this set requires a combinatorial analysis of the declarative graph that represents the process. This builds on previous work of the author wherein the combinatorial diversity metrics for declarative processes were derived for use in policy process analysis. The collection of stakeholder utilities can themselves then be used to form a metric with which we can compare different declarative processes to one another. These are illustrated using several examples of declarative processes that already exist in the literature.
Dirac Theory in Hydrodynamic Form
Creators: name: Fabbri, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider quantum mechanics written in hydrodynamic formulation for the case of relativistic spinor fields to study their velocity: within such a hydrodynamic formulation it is possible to see that the velocity as is usually defined can not actually represent the tangent vector to the trajectories of particles. We propose an alternative definition for this tangent vector and hence for the trajectories of particles, which we believe to be new and in fact the only one that is possible. Finally we discuss how these results are a necessary step to take in order to face further problems, like the definition of trajectories for the multi-particle systems.
description: 7 pages
Effects of carbohydrate restriction and exogenous ketosis on cardiometabolic health
Creators: name: Falkenhain, Kaja
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2024

description: Ketosis, defined as a state of elevated ketone bodies in the blood, has regained attention for its potential to improve cardiometabolic health, particularly in individuals at risk for, or living with, chronic diseases such as obesity or type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, ketosis can be achieved endogenously (e.g., via means of a ketogenic diet) or exogenously via ingestion of oral ketone supplements; and the cardiometabolic effects thereof remain incompletely understood. This dissertation aims to (1) provide insight into the effects of a ketogenic diet on cardiometabolic health with a particular focus on blood lipids, and (2) advance the understanding of the effects of exogenously induced ketosis on glucose metabolism. To this end, we first conducted two systematic reviews and meta-analyses to critically evaluate the current state of the evidence on each topic. Subsequent chapters then present findings from randomized clinical trials examining how ketogenic interventions affect cardiometabolic health. Firstly, N = 155 adults with overweight or obesity were randomized to follow a 12-week dietary intervention delivered via an mHealth app promoting either a Mediterranean-style ketogenic diet or a low-fat calorie-restricted diet. Results showed significantly greater weight loss and improvements in aspects of cardiometabolic health (including glycaemic control and liver health) following the ketogenic diet intervention, with no detrimental effect on blood lipids. Secondly, adults with T2D completed two randomized placebo-controlled double-blind crossover trials to evaluate the effect of acute exogenous ketone supplement ingestion on plasma glucose concentration (N = 18), and the effect of 14-day thrice daily pre-meal exogenous ketone supplementation on free-living glycaemic control (N = 15). Results showed that oral ingestion of an exogenous ketone supplement did not reduce plasma glucose concentration when consumed acutely in a fasted state, and did not alter markers of glycaemic control across 14 days. Collectively, this dissertation highlights the potential of ketosis to improve some aspects of cardiometabolic health in adults living with chronic disease, thereby warranting further research on the differential health effects of endogenous and exogenous ketosis.
Practical recognition tools of immunoglobulin G serum antibodies against the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein‐positive optic neuritis and its clinical implications
Creators: name: Lotan, Itay
name: Oertel, Frederike C.
name: Chien, Claudia
name: Asseyer, Susanna
name: Paul, Friedemann
name: Stiebel‐Kalish, Hadas
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: multiple sclerosis
subject: myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein
subject: neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders
subject: optic neuritis
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-associated disease is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, associated with the presence of immunoglobulin G serum antibodies against MOG. Recent data have allowed characterization of the clinical spectrum of MOG-associated disease, which is now considered a new disease entity, distinct from multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Optic neuritis is the most common clinical presentation of MOG-associated disease in adults, both at disease onset and during the disease course, and has several distinct clinical and paraclinical features. Immunoglobulin G serum antibodies against MOG-positive optic neuritis is often bilateral and associated with optic disc swelling and a longitudinally extensive abnormal magnetic resonance imaging signal involving the retrobulbar portion of the optic nerve. The visual acuity during the acute attack is severely decreased, and the response to corticosteroids is often rapid and prominent. However, early relapses after steroid cessation are common, and a subset of patients is left with a permanent visual disability. In this review, we discuss the clinical and paraclinical features of immunoglobulin G serum antibodies against MOG-positive optic neuritis in adults, and focus on the distinctive features that can enable its early diagnosis. Therapeutical considerations at the acute stage and for relapse prevention are further deliberated.
MAKNA METAFORA PADA IDIOM KATA AIR 'MIZU' YANG BERKONOTASIKAN NEGATIF
Creators: name: Vipharitta Svanggasani
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: metafora, mizu, air, konotasi negatif

description: Dalam paper ini data penelitian dengan unsur mizu ‘air’ yang terdapat pada idiom bahasa Jepang didapatkan dari pencarian di internet. Dari proses pengumpulan data, diperoleh 3 idiom mizu ‘air’ yang memberikan kesan negatif pada manusia. Data yang telah terkumpul, dianalisa makna leksikal dan idiomatikalnya, serta ditentukan kata-kata yang mengandung makna metaforis berdasarkan teori metafora menurut Larson. Dalam menemukan kata kunci metaforis, penulis menggunakan tiga elemen berdasarkan teori Knowles dan Moon. Ketiga elemen itu antara lain vehicle, topic/tenor, dan grounds.

Keyword : air, mizu, merafora, idiom, konotasi negatif
Direct Calibration of Laser Intensity via Ramsey Interferometry for Cold Atom Imaging
Creators: name: Altuntas, Emine
name: Spielman, Ian B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A majority of ultracold atom experiments utilize resonant absorption imaging techniques to obtain the atomic density. To make well-controlled quantitative measurements, the optical intensity of the probe beam must be precisely calibrated in units of the atomic saturation intensity ${I_{\rm sat}}$. In quantum gas experiments, the atomic sample is enclosed in an ultra-high vacuum system that introduces loss and limits optical access; this precludes a direct determination of the intensity. Here, we use quantum coherence to create a robust technique for measuring the probe beam intensity in units of ${I_{\rm sat}}$ via Ramsey interferometry. Our technique characterizes the ac Stark shift of the atomic levels due to an off-resonant probe beam. Furthermore, this technique gives access to the spatial variation of the probe intensity at the location of the atomic cloud. By directly measuring the probe intensity just before the imaging sensor our method in addition yields a direct calibration of imaging system losses as well as the quantum efficiency of the sensor.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures
Machine learning from wristband sensor data for wearable, noninvasive seizure forecasting
Creators: name: Meisel, Christian
name: El Atrache, Rima
name: Jackson, Michele
name: Schubach, Sarah
name: Ufongene, Claire
name: Loddenkemper, Tobias
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: precision medicine
subject: seizure forecasting
subject: wearable devices
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Objective: Seizure forecasting may provide patients with timely warnings to adapt their daily activities and help clinicians deliver more objective, personalized treatments. Although recent work has convincingly demonstrated that seizure risk assessment is in principle possible, these early approaches relied largely on complex, often invasive setups including intracranial electrocorticography, implanted devices, and multichannel electroencephalography, and required patient-specific adaptation or learning to perform optimally, all of which limit translation to broad clinical application. To facilitate broader adaptation of seizure forecasting in clinical practice, noninvasive, easily applicable techniques that reliably assess seizure risk without much prior tuning are crucial. Wristbands that continuously record physiological parameters, including electrodermal activity, body temperature, blood volume pulse, and actigraphy, may afford monitoring of autonomous nervous system function and movement relevant for such a task, hence minimizing potential complications associated with invasive monitoring and avoiding stigma associated with bulky external monitoring devices on the head. Methods: Here, we applied deep learning on multimodal wristband sensor data from 69 patients with epilepsy (total duration > 2311 hours, 452 seizures) to assess its capability to forecast seizures in a statistically significant way. Results: Using a leave-one-subject-out cross-validation approach, we identified better-than-chance predictability in 43% of the patients. Time-matched seizure surrogate data analyses indicated forecasting not to be driven simply by time of day or vigilance state. Prediction performance peaked when all sensor modalities were used, and did not differ between generalized and focal seizure types, but generally increased with the size of the training dataset, indicating potential further improvement with larger datasets in the future. Significance: Collectively, these results show that statistically significant seizure risk assessments are feasible from easy-to-use, noninvasive wearable devices without the need of patient-specific training or parameter optimization.
Comparing the effects of three different multilayer dressings for pressure ulcer prevention on sacral skin after prolonged loading: An exploratory crossover trial
Creators: name: Lechner, Anna
name: Rancan, Fiorenza
name: Hadam, Sabrina
name: Vogt, Annika
name: Blume‐Peytavi, Ulrike
name: Kottner, Jan
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: sacral skin
subject: pressure ulcer
subject: multilayer dressings
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Evidence suggests that preventive dressings applied on sacral skin help to prevent pressure ulcers. However, possible performance differences of different dressing types are unclear. An exploratory randomized crossover trial with intra-individual comparisons was conducted to compare the effects of three different multi-layer foam dressings (Mepilex Border Sacrum, ALLEVYN Life Sacrum and Optifoam Gentle Sacrum) compared to no dressing on the sacral skin. Healthy female volunteers (n = 12, mean age 72 years) wore three different dressings on their sacral skin for 3.5 hours while lying supine on a standard hospital mattress. At regular intervals, subjects performed standardized movements to enhance shear loads. Skin surface temperature, stratum corneum hydration, erythema, skin roughness and the interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) concentration per total protein were measured at baseline and after the lying periods. After 3.5 hours, the median skin temperature increased in all four groups between 3.0 degrees C and 3.8 degrees C with only minor differences between the no dressing and the dressing groups. Median stratum corneum hydration increased during the lying period in all groups with highest increases in the Optifoam Gentle Sacrum (7.3 arbitrary units) and no dressing group (7.0 arbitrary units). There was a median decrease of the mean roughness (Rz) in the Optifoam Gentle Sacrum group of -6.3 mu m but no relevant changes in the other groups. After loading, the erythema index was highest in the ALLEVYN Life Sacrum and no dressing groups. Highest releases of IL-1 alpha were observed in the ALLEVYN Life Sacrum and Optifoam Gentle Sacrum groups, in the Mepilex Border Sacrum group changes were minor. Study results indicate, that the application of preventive dressings on sacral skin during loading do not cause additional occlusion compared to loading without dressings when lying supine. Different dressings cause different cutaneous responses during loading.