cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Numerical study of solar eruption, extreme-ultraviolet wave propagation, and wave-induced prominence dynamics
Creators: name: Liakh, Valeriia
name: Keppens, Rony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) waves, frequently produced by eruptions, propagate through the non-uniform magnetic field of the solar corona and interact with distant prominences, inducing their global oscillations. However, the generation, propagation, and interaction of these waves with distant prominences remain poorly understood. We aim to study the influence of an eruptive flux rope (EFR) on a distant prominence by means of extreme-resolution numerical simulations. We cover a domain of a horizontal extent of 1100 Mm, while capturing details down to 130 km using automated grid refinement. We performed a 2.5D numerical experiment using the open-source \texttt{MPI-AMRVAC 3.1} code, modeling an eruption as a 2.5D catastrophe scenario augmented with a distant dipole magnetic field to form a flux rope prominence. Our findings reveal that the EFR becomes unstable and generates a quasi-circular front. The primary front produces a slow secondary front when crossing the equipartition lines where the Alfvén speed is close to the sound speed. The resulting fast and slow EUV waves show different behaviors: the fast EUV wave slightly decelerates as it propagates through the corona, while the slow EUV wave forms a stationary front. The fast EUV wave interacts with the remote prominence, driving both transverse and longitudinal oscillations. Additionally, magnetic reconnection at a null point below the prominence-hosting flux rope is triggered by the fast EUV wave, affecting the flux rope magnetic field and the prominence oscillations. Our study unifies important results of the dynamics of eruptive events and their interactions with distant prominences, including details of (oscillatory) reconnection and chaotic plasmoid dynamics. We demonstrate for the first time the full consequences of remote eruptions on prominence dynamics and clarify the damping mechanisms of prominence oscillations.
description: 17 pages, 17 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics; Minor corrections (language improved by editor)
Αίθουσες σύνταξης 2.0: η ψηφιακή μετάβαση
Creators: name: Αντωνοπούλου, Ολγα Βασιλείου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2012
Subjects: Αίθουσες σύνταξης
Σύγκλιση
Επαγγελματική ταυτότητα
Newsrooms
Convergence
Professionalism

description: Η εργασία αυτή εξετάζει με τα εργαλεία της εθνογραφίας τον τρόπο με τον οποίο επιχειρήθηκε η μετάβαση μιας ελληνικής τοπικής εφημερίδας στην ψηφιακή πλατφόρμα, όπως και τις χωροταξικές, οργανωσιακές και ιδεολογικές προεκτάσεις που είχε η σύγκλιση των αιθουσών σύνταξης του έντυπου και του ηλεκτρονικού της μέσου. Τα αποτελέσματα συγκρίνονται με τις ιδιαιτερότητες της αίθουσας σύνταξης ενός αμιγώς διαδικτυακού μέσου, που δε διαθέτει έντυπη εκδοχή. Σύμφωνα με τα ευρήματα, οι νόρμες και τα δημοσιογραφικά κριτήρια της αίθουσας σύνταξης του εντύπου φαίνεται να επιβάλλονται στο νέο μέσο, υποβάλλοντάς το σε μία συντηρητική εξέλιξη. Η κυριαρχία των «παραδοσιακών» δημοσιογραφικών αξιών διαπιστώνεται και στο καθαρά ηλεκτρονικό μέσο, εδώ όμως ως εγγύηση επαγγελματισμού που το διαχωρίζει από ερασιτεχνικά ενημερωτικά εγχειρήματα του διαδικτύου. Η παραγωγή της είδησης καθετοποιείται, οι ρόλοι αλλάζουν κι η αντίληψη περί επαγγελματισμού μετατοπίζεται.
description: This paper gives an ethnographic look at the way a Greek local newspaper got digitalized, as well as at the geographical, organizational and ideological parameters of the newsrooms’ (print and online) convergence. Findings are being compared with the cultural characteristics of an exclusively online medium that has no print edition. This case study shows that norms and journalistic standards of the print newsroom impose on the online medium restricting it to a conservative evolution. This prevailing of «traditional» journalistic values is also seen in the exclusively online medium, this time as a guarantee of professionalism opposite to amateur informative launches in the web. News production is vertically integrated, roles are actually changing and a considerable shift in professionalism is under way.
Life satisfaction and occupational safety relationship: Research on motorcycle couriers in Turkey
Creators: name: Cerev, Gökçe
name: Sarıipek, Doğa Başar
name: Elçi, Ebru
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Rising e-commerce trend with Covid-19 pandemic has significantly increased the need for motorcycle-couriers. The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between job satisfaction and occupational safety and health (OSH) of motorcycle-couriers and to evaluate the opinions of OSH specialists about the importance of motorcycle-couriers’ life satisfaction and OSH perception levels. The relationship between life satisfaction and perception of OSH of 750 motorcycle-couriers was addressed using quantitative research methods through two different scales (Life Satisfaction Scale and Occupational Safety Perception Scale). The views of 20 OSH specialists about the importance of motorcycle-couriers’ perception of life satisfaction and OSH levels were addressed using qualitative research methods. There was a negative linear relationship between perception of OSH and life satisfaction levels of motorcycle-couriers. All OSH specialists evaluated the level of life satisfaction as an important factor in OSH practice of motorcycle-couriers and all were of the opinion that the job was quite risky and adequate OSH measures were not sufficiently guaranteed. The findings suggest that there is a need for some legal regulation of this occupation and ensuring necessary occupational standards are applied. This could include increased responsibility of companies/employers and could provide training programs to improve OSH.
Συμμετοχικός Ιστός στην Εκπαίδευση: Υποστήριξη της Μάθησης μέσω Έργου με τη Χρήση Εργαλείου Wiki
Creators: name: Μουδατσάκη, Ελένη Νικολάου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2012
Subjects: Συμμετοχικός Ιστός
Μάθηση
Έργο
Web 2.0
Learning
Project

description: Αντικείμενο της παρούσας εργασίας είναι η μελέτη της βιβλιογραφίας σε σχέση με το Συμμετοχικό Ιστό (Web 2.0) στην εκπαίδευση και η εξαγωγή ποιοτικών αποτελεσμάτων για το βαθμό υποστήριξης της μάθησης μέσω έργου που πραγματοποιείται με τη βοήθεια του εργαλείου των wikis. Η έρευνα μας επικεντρώθηκε στην αξιοποίηση των wikis ως μέσο επικοινωνίας και συνεργασίας μεταξύ μαθητών που αναλαμβάνουν να φέρουν εις πέρας μια ομαδική εργασία, με τελικό στόχο την εξοικείωσή τους με βασικές διδακτικές ενότητες της εκπαιδευτικής τους βαθμίδας. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, μαθητές Λυκείου ανέλαβαν να δημιουργήσουν ένα ηλεκτρονικό εγχειρίδιο χρήσης γνωστού προγράμματος επεξεργασίας κειμένου, χρησιμοποιώντας το εργαλείο Wikispaces. Επικεντρωθήκαμε στη διερεύνηση του βαθμού προσφοράς του εργαλείου στην καλύτερη οργάνωση και δόμηση των συγγραφικών δραστηριοτήτων που αναπτύχθηκαν μεταξύ ομάδων μαθητών μέσω ανταλλαγής ιδεών, απόψεων και ανακοινώσεων, χρήσιμων για την εξέλιξη της πορείας των εργασιών τους. Οι μέθοδοι αξιολόγησης που χρησιμοποιήθηκαν ήταν η παρατήρηση μέσα στην τάξη, η συζήτηση με τους μαθητές και τον καθηγητή Πληροφορικής, η μελέτη της συνεισφοράς των μελών των ομάδων στο παραγόμενο έργο καθώς και τα ερωτηματολόγια που μοιράστηκαν στους προηγούμενους στο τέλος της δραστηριότητας.
description: Τhe purpose of this paper is the study of bibliography regarding Web 2.0 in Education as well as the extraction of quality data concerning the level of project-based learning support by the use of wikis. The paper focuses on the utilization of them as a means of communication and collaboration among students who undertake a team project, aiming at their getting acquainted with the main didactic units of their educational level. More precisely, students of High School undertook the creation of an electronic tutorial for a famous word processor, using Wikispaces. We focused on the investigation of the effect of using the wiki tool on the improvement of the organization and structure of writing activities that were carried out by groups of students who exchanged ideas, opinions and posts that were very useful for their project’s progress. The assessment methods used were classroom observation, discussion with the students and the Computer Science teacher, the study of students' contribution on the project as well as of the questionnaires that were handed out at the end of the activity.
Strings in Irrelevant Deformations of $AdS_3/CFT_2$
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Soumangsu
name: Giveon, Amit
name: Kutasov, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We generalize our recent analysis [2006.13249] of probe string dynamics to the case of general single-trace $T\bar T$, $J\bar T$ and $T\bar J$ deformations. We show that in regions in coupling space where the bulk geometry is smooth, the classical trajectories of such strings are smooth and approach the linear dilaton boundary at either the far past or the far future. These trajectories give rise to quantum scattering states with arbitrarily high energies. When the bulk geometry has closed timelike curves (CTC's), the trajectories are singular for energies above a critical value $E_c$. This singularity occurs in the region with CTC's, and the value of $E_c$ agrees with that read off from the dual boundary theory for all values of the couplings and charges.
description: 14 pages
Finite size effects, super-and sub-poissonian noise in a nanotube connected to leads
Creators: name: Guigou, Marine
name: Popoff, Alexandre
name: Martin, Thierry
name: Crépieux, Adeline
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The injection of electrons in the bulk of carbon nanotube which is connected to ideal Fermi liquid leads is considered. While the presence of the leads gives a cancellation of the noise cross-correlations, the auto-correlation noise has a Fano factor which deviates strongly from the Schottky behavior at voltages where finite size effects are expected. Indeed, as the voltage is increased from zero, the noise is first super-poissonian, then sub-poissonian, and eventually it reaches the Schottky limit. These finite size effects are also tested using a diagnosis of photo-assisted transport, where a small AC modulation is superposed to the DC bias voltage between the injection tip and the nanotube. When finite size effects are at play, we obtain a stepwise behavior for the noise derivative, as expected for normal metal systems, whereas in the absence of finite size effects, due to the presence of Coulomb interactions, a smoothed staircase is observed. The present work shows that it is possible to explore finite size effects in nanotube transport via a zero frequency noise measurement.
Dimensional Reduction, Seiberg--Witten Map and Supersymmetry
Creators: name: Saka, E. Ulas
name: Ulker, Kayhan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is argued that dimensional reduction of Seiberg-Witten map for a gauge field induces Seiberg-Witten maps for the other noncommutative fields of a gauge invariant theory. We demonstrate this observation by dimensionally reducing the noncommutative N=1 SYM theory in 6 dimensions to obtain noncommutative N=2 SYM in 4 dimensions. We explicitly derive Seiberg-Witten maps of the component fields in 6 and 4 dimensions. Moreover, we give a general method to define the deformed supersymmetry transformations that leaves the actions invariant after performing the Seiberg-Witten maps.
description: 14 pages. One Ref. added. To appear in PRD
Συμμετοχικός Ιστός στην εκπαίδευση: Υποστήριξη της μάθησης μέσω έργου (project) με τη χρήση ιστολογίου (blog):
Creators: name: Δέγγλερη, Σοφία Ευαγγέλου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2012
Subjects: Συμμετοχικός ιστός
Εκπαίδευση
Ιστολόγιο
Web 2.0
Education
Blog

description: Αντικείμενο της παρούσας εργασίας είναι η μελέτη της βιβλιογραφίας για τον Συμμετοχικό Ιστό (Web 2.0) στην εκπαίδευση και η εξαγωγή ποιοτικών αποτελεσμάτων σχετικά με την αποτελεσματικότητα των ιστολογίων όσον αφορά την κάλυψη των επικοινωνιακών αναγκών των μαθητών εντός και εκτός τάξης στο πλαίσιο των συνεργατικών δραστηριοτήτων που διεξήχθησαν. Εστιάσαμε στην αξιοποίηση των ιστολογίων για την ανταλλαγή ιδεών για την παροχή βοήθειας μεταξύ των μαθητών με σκοπό την ολοκλήρωση των εργασιών τους, οι οποίες αφορούσαν τον προγραμματισμό ηλεκτρονικών παιχνιδιών. Το εργαλείο που επιλέχθηκε και χρησιμοποιήθηκε ήταν το Edmodo. Μελετήθηκε τόσο η χρησιμότητα ενός κοινού ιστολογίου για όλη την τάξη όσο και η χρησιμότητα ιστολογίων που περιόριζαν την επικοινωνία των μαθητών μεταξύ των μελών των ομάδων που δημιουργήθηκαν. Οι μέθοδοι αξιολόγησης που χρησιμοποιήθηκαν ήταν η παρατήρηση μέσα στην τάξη, η συζήτηση με τους μαθητές και τον καθηγητή Πληροφορικής, η μελέτη των συνεισφορών των μαθητών στα ιστολόγια καθώς και τα ερωτηματολόγια που τους δόθηκαν στο τέλος της δραστηριότητας.
description: The purpose of this paper is to extract quality data concerning the effectiveness of blogs in covering the communication needs of students inside and outside the classroom in collaborative activities. We focused on the use of blogs as a means to facilitate the exchange of ideas and the provision of assistance among the students in order for them to complete their projects on programming computer games. The tool that we selected and used was Edmodo. We studied the usefulness of both a public blog for the whole class to use and of blogs that restricted students' communication between the members of the groups that had been created. The assessment methods used, were classroom observation, discussion with the students and the Computer Science teacher, the study of students' posts as well as of the questionnaires that were handed out at the end of the activity.
Redshift distribution of gamma-ray bursts and star formation rate
Creators: name: Meszaros, A.
name: Bagoly, Z.
name: Balazs, L. G.
name: Horvath, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The redshift distribution of gamma-ray bursts collected in the BATSE Catalog is compared with the star formation rate. We aim to clarify the accordance between them. We also study the case of comoving number density of bursts monotonously increasing up to redshift 6-20. A method independent of the models of the gamma-ray bursts is used. The short and the long subgroups are studied separately. The redshift distribution of the long bursts may be proportional to the star formation rate. For the short bursts this can also happen, but the proportionality is less evident. For the long bursts the monotonously increasing scenario is also less probable but still can occur. For the short bursts this alternative seems to be excluded.
description: 6 pages, no figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Η Ιατρικώς Υποβοηθούμενη Αναπαραγωγή σε άγαμα πρόσωπα: άγαμα ζευγάρια, άγαμη μόνη γυναίκα, άγαμος μόνος άνδρας
Creators: name: Γιουρέλη, Στυλιανή Θωμά
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2012
Subjects: Ιατρικώς υποβοηθούμενη αναπαραγωγή (Ι.Υ.Α)
Άγαμα πρόσωπα
Ελεύθερη ένωση
Medically Assisted Reproduction
Unmarried persons
Non-marital union

description: Αντικείμενο της διπλωματικής εργασίας υπήρξε η Ιατρικώς Υποβοηθούμενη Αναπαραγωγή (Ι.Υ.Α) στα άγαμα πρόσωπα και συγκεκριμένα στα άγαμα ζευγάρια, στην άγαμη μόνη γυναίκα και στον άγαμο μόνο άνδρα. Ανάμεσα στις πιο σημαντικές τομές που επέφερε ο σχετικός νόμος 3089/2002 συγκαταλέγεται και η ρητή έκφραση αποδοχής των εναλλακτικών οικογενειακών σχημάτων. Πρόκειται για την αποδοχή των ελεύθερων ενώσεων και των μονογονεϊκών οικογενειών. Ο έλληνας νομοθέτης επέλεξε να χορηγήσει το δικαίωμα προσφυγής σε Ι.Υ.Α, πέρα από τα έγγαμα ζευγάρια, και στα άγαμα ετερόφυλα ζεύγη που τελούν σε ελεύθερη ένωση, ενώ σκόπιμα αποκλείστηκαν από το πεδίο εφαρμογής του ελληνικού νόμου οι ενώσεις των ομόφυλων προσώπων. Το δικαίωμα τεχνητής γονιμοποίησης χορηγήθηκε και στην άγαμη γυναίκα χωρίς σύντροφο, ενώ αργότερα επεκτάθηκε νομολογιακά και στον άγαμο μόνο άνδρα. Οι παραπάνω νομοθετικές και νομολογιακές επιλογές εξετάζονται αναλυτικά στην παρούσα μελέτη. Επιπλέον, αναλύονται οι προϋποθέσεις του επιτρεπτού της Ι.Υ.Α, καθώς και οι εξαιρετικές μέθοδοι της παρένθετης μητρότητας και της μεταθανάτιας γονιμοποίησης με προσανατολισμό όλων των ανωτέρω στα άγαμα πρόσωπα. Τέλος, στο τρίτο μέρος εξετάζεται η θεμελίωση της πατρότητας και της μητρότητας στις περιπτώσεις που τα πρόσωπα που προσφεύγουν σε Ι.Υ.Α είναι άγαμα.
description: The subject of this study was the Medically Assisted Human Reproduction in unmarried persons and in particular unmarried couples, unmarried single woman and unmarried single man. Amongst the most important innovations that were fostered by the relative Law 3089/2002, is the recognition of alternative forms of family namely non-marital unions and one-parent families. The greek legislator has chosen to recognize the right to Medically Assisted Human Reproduction not only in married couples, but in heterosexual unmarried couples as well. It is also made clear that homosexual couples are excluded from the hold of this right, whereas it is recognized to the unmarried single woman. At a later stage, this very right was also extended to the unmarried single man by the jurisprudence. These legislative and jurisprudential choices are being examined extensively in this thesis. Furthermore, the terms and conditions presupposed for the artificial insemination as well as the reproduction methods of surrogate motherhood and posthumous insemination are being all examined with an orientation to the unmarried persons. Finely, the third part focuses on the establishment of both paternity and maternity in cases that the medically assisted persons are not married.
The friendship paradox in real and model networks
Creators: name: Cantwell, George T.
name: Kirkley, Alec
name: Newman, M. E. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The friendship paradox is the observation that the degrees of the neighbors of a node in any network will, on average, be greater than the degree of the node itself. In common parlance, your friends have more friends than you do. In this paper we develop the mathematical theory of the friendship paradox, both in general as well as for specific model networks, focusing not only on average behavior but also on variation about the average and using generating function methods to calculate full distributions of quantities of interest. We compare the predictions of our theory with measurements on a large number of real-world network data sets and find remarkably good agreement. We also develop equivalent theory for the generalized friendship paradox, which compares characteristics of nodes other than degree to those of their neighbors.
Innovation in the wood construction sector
Creators: name: Kies, Uwe
name: Baño, Vanesa
Publisher: name: InnovaWood
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Innovation
subject: engineered wood products
subject: Timber producing chain
subject: Construction engineering

description: Growing interest in novel, efficient production systems and products such as prefabrication and in decarbonization benefits of engineered wood products (EWP) have led to a new boom in timber construction in European countries. Research and innovation in novel EWP and related construction solutions is growing, however, bridging the 'valley of death' of innovations to a broader market uptake is confronted with a number challenges. Besides technical, economic, knowledge and acceptance factors, the main barriers lie in financial and regulatory challenges.

The study presents an overview of innovative products that have obtained a European Technical Assessment (ETA) certification from the European Organisation for Technical Assessment (EOTA). The ETA is an alternative, faster way to obtain the CE marking required for products regulated by the Construction Products Regulation (CPR) to be commercialized in Europe. The results show an increasing trend since 2015. The main groups of innovations include connectors for structural applications, building kits, structural wood products and thermal insulation materials.
Proposing an effective approach for traffic safety assessment on heterogeneous traffic conditions using surrogate safety measures and speed of the involved vehicles
Creators: name: Hasain, N. Mohamed
name: Ahmed, Mokaddes Ali
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: The vehicular traffic in the cities is becoming more complex in developing countries like India due to the rising population and rapid urbanization. With the annually increasing road accidents, a study on the effective safety assessment of heterogeneous traffic conditions is needed. The study aims to evaluate the safety of heterogeneous traffic by spotting the critical conflicts with respect to the speed of the involved vehicles. The current study proposed Critical Following Speed instead of using a single threshold value for safety assessment in mixed traffic. Critical Following Speed was proposed by comparing the stopping and the available distances between the involved vehicles and used to identify the critical conflicts. With this, the study uses the speeds of both the leading and the following vehicles to judge the nature of the conflict. Three unsignalized four-legged intersections (S-1, S-2, and S-3) and two straight road sections (S-4 and S-5) were selected as the study area in Trichy, India. Post Encroachment Time (PET) and Time to Collison (TTC) were used as surrogate indicators to assess the crossing or merging and rear-end conflicts, respectively. The average PET and TTC values were between 1.25 and 1.73 s in the study locations. The overall percentage of critical conflicts indicated the non-safer crossing and merging maneuvers in three locations. The other two locations were experiencing safe rear-end conflicts, as the percentages of critical conflicts were below 4%. Various combinations of leading and following vehicle types were examined for the contribution of critical conflicts. The proposed methodology was validated with the 4-year accident data and a good relation was obtained. Fast-moving vehicles were responsible for the less safe maneuvers with a higher collision probability in all the study locations. The correlation between critical conflicts and road accidents shows the effectiveness of the proposed approach in the traffic safety assessments for mixed traffic. This approach could be employed even in countries with homogenous traffic conditions instead of using a single threshold value. The correlations also show the potential of the proposed Critical Following Speed as a surrogate safety indicator for safety evaluation in the future.
Center-of-mass effects in electromagnetic two-proton knockout reactions
Creators: name: Giusti, Carlotta
name: Pacati, Franco Davide
name: Schwamb, Michael
name: Boffi, Sigfrido
name: ;
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The role of center-of mass (CM) effects in the one-body nuclear current in the description of electromagnetically induced two-nucleon knockout reactions is discussed in connection with the problem of the lack of orthogonality between initial bound states and final scattering states obtained by the use of an energy-dependent optical model potential. Results for the cross sections of the exclusive $^{16}$O(e,e$'$pp)$^{14}$C and $^{16}$O($γ$,pp)$^{14}$C knockout reactions in different kinematics are presented and discussed. In super-parallel kinematics CM effects produce a strong enhancement of the $^{16}$O(e,e$'$pp)$^{14}$C$_{\rm g.s.}$ cross section which strongly reduces the destructive interference between the one-body and $Δ$-current and the sensitivity to the treatment of the $Δ$-current found in previous work.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Modeling optical roughness and first-order scattering processes from OSIRIS-REx color images of the rough surface of asteroid (101955) Bennu
Creators: name: Hasselmann, Pedro H.
name: Fornasier, Sonia
name: Barucci, Maria A.
name: Praet, Alice
name: Clark, Beth E.
name: Li, Jian-Yang
name: Golish, Dathon R.
name: DellaGiustina, Daniella N.
name: Deshapriya, Jasinghege Don P.
name: Zou, Xian-Duan
name: Daly, Mike G.
name: Barnouin, Olivier S.
name: Simon, Amy A.
name: Lauretta, Dante S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dark asteroid (101955) Bennu studied by NASA\textquoteright s OSIRIS-REx mission has a boulder-rich and apparently dust-poor surface, providing a natural laboratory to investigate the role of single-scattering processes in rough particulate media. Our goal is to define optical roughness and other scattering parameters that may be useful for the laboratory preparation of sample analogs, interpretation of imaging data, and analysis of the sample that will be returned to Earth. We rely on a semi-numerical statistical model aided by digital terrain model (DTM) shadow ray-tracing to obtain scattering parameters at the smallest surface element allowed by the DTM (facets of \textasciitilde{}10 cm). Using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo technique, we solved the inversion problem on all four-band images of the OSIRIS-REx mission\textquoteright s top four candidate sample sites, for which high-precision laser altimetry DTMs are available. We reconstructed the \emph{a posteriori} probability distribution for each parameter and distinguished primary and secondary solutions. Through the photometric image correction, we found that a mixing of low and average roughness slope best describes Bennu's surface for up to $90^{\circ}$ phase angle. We detected a low non-zero specular ratio, perhaps indicating exposed sub-centimeter mono-crystalline inclusions on the surface. We report an average roughness RMS slope of $27_{-5}^{\circ+1}$, a specular ratio of $2.6_{-0.8}^{+0.1}\%$, an approx. single-scattering albedo of $4.64_{-0.09}^{+0.08}\%$ at 550 nm, and two solutions for the back-scatter asymmetric factor, $ξ^{(1)}=-0.360\pm0.030$ and $ξ^{(2)}=-0.444\pm0.020$, for all four sites altogether.
description: 15 pages, 11 figures
Experimental tests of Multiplicative Bell Inequalities
Creators: name: Paneru, Dilip
name: Te'eni, Amit
name: Peled, Bar Y.
name: Hubble, James
name: Zhang, Yingwen
name: Carmi, Avishy
name: Cohen, Eliahu
name: Karimi, Ebrahim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bell inequalities are mathematical constructs that demarcate the boundary between quantum and classical physics. A new class of multiplicative Bell inequalities originating from a volume maximization game (based on products of correlators within bipartite systems) has been recently proposed. For these new Bell parameters, it is relatively easy to find the classical and quantum, i.e. Tsirelson, limits. Here, we experimentally test the Tsirelson bounds of these inequalities using polarisation-entangled photons for different number of measurements ($n$), each party can perform. For $n=2, 3, 4$, we report the experimental violation of local hidden variable theories. In addition, we experimentally compare the results with the parameters obtained from a fully deterministic strategy, and observe the conjectured nature of the ratio. Finally, utilizing the principle of "relativistic independence" encapsulating the locality of uncertainty relations, we theoretically derive and experimentally test new richer bounds for both the multiplicative and the additive Bell parameters for $n=2$. Our findings strengthen the correspondence between local and nonlocal correlations, and may pave the way for empirical tests of quantum mechanical bounds with inefficient detection systems.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, and supplementary material
Challenging Practical Features of Bitcoin by the Main Altcoins
Creators: name: Spurr, Andrew
name: Ausloos, Marcel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Finance (q-fin.GN)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We study the fundamental differences that separate: Litecoin; Bitcoin Gold; Bitcoin Cash; Ethereum; and Zcash from Bitcoin, and draw analysis to how these features are appreciated by the market, to ultimately make an inference as to how future successful cryptocurrencies may behave. We use Google Trend data, as well as price, volume and market capitalization data sourced from coinmarketcap.com to support this analysis. We find that Litecoin's shorter block times offer benefits in commerce, but drawbacks in the mining process through orphaned blocks. Zcash holds a niche use for anonymous transactions, benefitting areas of the world lacking in economic freedom. Bitcoin Cash suffers from centralization in the mining process, while the greater decentralization of Bitcoin Gold has generally left it to stagnate. Ether's greater functionality offers the greatest threat to Bitcoin's dominance in the market. A coin that incorporates several of these features can be technically better than Bitcoin, but the first-to-marketadvantage of Bitcoin should keep its dominant position in the market.
description: 33 pages; 50 references; 3 figures; 3 tables; to be published in Quality and Quantity
Μελέτη μεμβρανών από πρωτεΐνες γάλακτος ως συστήματα μεταφοράς και ελεγχόμενης απελευθέρωσης αντιμυκητιακών ουσιών:
Creators: name: Μοδίτση, Μαγδαληνή Σωτηρίου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2012
Subjects: εδώδιμες μεμβράνες
πρωτεΐνες γάλακτος
αντιμυκητιακές ουσίες
edible films
milk proteins
antifungal substances

description: Το αντικείμενο της παρούσας μελέτης είναι η ανάπτυξη και η εφαρμογή έξυπνων συσκευασιών από εδώδιμες μεμβράνες ως πιθανά συστήματα μεταφοράς και ελεγχόμενης απελευθέρωσης αντιμυκητιακών ουσιών σε γαλακτοκομικά προϊόντα. Μελετήθηκε η επίδραση της αναλογίας δυο φυσικών υδροκολλοειδών (πρωτεΐνες ορού γάλακτος, WPI και καζεϊνικού νατρίου, SC), της προσθήκης χλωριούχου νατρίου και της μεταβολής του pH στις φυσικοχημικές ιδιότητες μεμβρανών τους. Το SC συνέβαλε στη μηχανική αντοχή και οι WPI στη περιορισμένη διαλυτότητα των μεμβρανών. Η προσθήκη του ΝaCl στις μεμβράνες WPI επέφερε αύξηση της διαπερατότητας σε υδρατμούς και βελτίωση των μηχανικών ιδιοτήτων. Η μείωση του pH στην τιμή 6.0 προκάλεσε τις υψηλότερες τιμές της μέγιστης ποσοστιαίας επιμήκυνσης. Αντιμικροβιακές μεμβράνες παρασκευάστηκαν με την ενσωμάτωση διαφορετικών επιπέδων σορβικού καλίου και ναταμυκίνης, σε WPI μεμβράνες. Η προσθήκη χλωριούχου νατρίου καθώς και η μείωση του pH στις WPI μεμβράνες που περιείχαν σορβικό κάλιο επέφεραν μείωση στο συντελεστή διάχυσης. Στην περίπτωση της ναταμυκίνης, η προσθήκη χλωριούχου νατρίου δεν φάνηκε να επηρεάζει το συντελεστή διάχυσης. Συγκρίνοντας, τους ρυθμούς διάχυσης των δύο αντιμυκητιακών παρατηρείται ότι οι συντελεστές διάχυσης της ναταμυκίνης βρέθηκαν χαμηλότεροι κατά πολλές τάξεις μεγέθους σε σχέση με εκείνους του σορβικού καλίου.
description: The objective of this study was to develop and implement smart-food packaging films as potential carrier systems and controlled release of antifungal substances in dairy products. The effect of ratio of two natural hydrocolloids (whey protein isolate, WPI and sodium caseinate, SC), the addition of sodium chloride and pH change were studied for the physicochemical properties of films. SC contributed to the mechanical strength and WPI to low solubility in films. The addition of NaCl at WPI films caused an increase in water vapor permeability and improved mechanical properties. Reducing pH to 6.0 caused the highest values of the maximum percentage elongation. Antimicrobial membranes prepared by incorporating different levels of potassium sorbate and natamycin in WPI films. The addition of sodium chloride and the pH reduction of edible whey protein films containing potassium sorbate reduced the diffusion coefficient of the antimicrobial. In the case of the films containing natamycin, adding sodium chloride did not affect the diffusion coefficient. The diffusion rate of the two antifungal agents were significantly different; i.e. the values for the diffusion coefficients of natamycin were lower by several orders of magnitude compared with those of potassium sorbate.
Poroelasticity as a Model of Soft Tissue Structure: Hydraulic Permeability Inference for Magnetic Resonance Elastography in Silico
Creators: name: Sowinski, Damian R
name: McGarry, Matthew DJ
name: Van Houten, Elijah
name: Gordon-Wylie, Scott
name: Weaver, John
name: Paulsen, Keith D
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Magnetic Resonance Elastography allows noninvasive visualization of tissue mechanical properties by measuring the displacements resulting from applied stresses, and fitting a mechanical model. Poroelasticity naturally lends itself to describing tissue -- a biphasic medium, consisting of both solid and fluid components. This article reviews the theory of poroelasticity, and shows that the spatial distribution of hydraulic permeability, the ease with which the solid matrix permits the flow of fluid under a pressure gradient, can be faithfully reconstructed without spatial priors in simulated environments. The paper describes an in-house MRE computational platform -- a multi-mesh, finite element poroelastic solver coupled to an artificial epistemic agent capable of running Bayesian inference to reconstruct inhomogenous model mechanical property images from measured displacement fields. Building on prior work, the domain of convergence for inference is explored, showing that hydraulic permeabilities over several orders of magnitude can be reconstructed given very little prior knowledge of the true spatial distribution.
description: 14 pages, 12 figures
Development of personalizable female and male pedestrian SAFER human body models
Creators: name: Lindgren, Natalia
name: Yuan, Qiantailang
name: Pipkorn, Bengt
name: Kleiven, Svein
name: Li, Xiaogai
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Mental Health

description: Vulnerable road users are globally overrepresented as victims of road traffic injuries. Developing biofidelic male and female pedestrian human body models (HBMs) that represent diverse anthropometries is essential to enhance road safety and propose intervention strategies. In this study, 50th percentile male and female pedestrians of the SAFER HBM were developed via a newly developed image registration–based mesh morphing framework. The performance of the HBMs was evaluated by means of a set of cadaver experiments, involving subjects struck laterally by a generic sedan buck. In simulated whole-body pedestrian collisions, the personalized HBMs effectively replicate trajectories of the head and lower body regions, as well as head kinematics, in lateral impacts. The results also demonstrate the personalization framework’s capacity to generate personalized HBMs with reliable mesh quality, ensuring robust simulations. The presented pedestrian HBMs and personalization framework provide robust means to reconstruct and evaluate head impacts in pedestrian-to-vehicle collisions thoroughly and accurately.
Flutter Instability in an Internal Flow Energy Harvester
Creators: name: Tosi, L. P.
name: Dorschner, B.
name: Colonius, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Vibration-based flow energy harvesting enables robust, in-situ energy extraction for low-power applications, such as distributed sensor networks. Fluid-structure instabilities dictate a harvester's viability since the structural response to the flow determines its power output. Previous work on a flextensional-based flow energy harvester demonstrated that an elastic member within a converging-diverging channel is susceptible to the aeroelastic flutter. This work explores the mechanism driving flutter through experiments and simulations. A model is then developed based on channel flow-rate modulation and considering the effects of both normal and spanwise flow confinement on the instability. Linear stability analysis of the model replicates flutter onset, critical frequency, and mode shapes observed in experiments. The model suggests that flow modulation through the channel throat is the principal mechanism for the fluid-induced vibration. The generalized model presented can serve as the foundation of design parameter exploration for energy harvesters, perhaps leading to more powerful devices in the future, but also to other similar flow geometries where the flutter instability arises in an elastic member within a narrow flow passage.
Experimental Studies of Compensation of Beam-Beam Effects with Tevatron Electron Lenses
Creators: name: Shiltsev, V.
name: Alexahin, Yu.
name: Bishofberger, K.
name: Kamerdzhiev, V.
name: Parkhomchuk, V.
name: Reva, V.
name: Solyak, N.
name: Wildman, D.
name: Zhang, X. -L.
name: Zimmermann, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Applying the space-charge forces of a low-energy electron beam can lead to a significant improvement of the beam-particle lifetime limit arising from the beam-beam interaction in a high-energy collider [1]. In this article we present the results of various beam experiments with electron lenses, novel instruments developed for the beam-beam compensation at the Tevatron, which collides 980-GeV proton and antiproton beams. We study the dependencies of the particle betatron tunes on the electron beam current, energy and position; we explore the effects of electron-beam imperfections and noises; and we quantify the improvements of the high-energy beam intensity and the collider luminosity lifetime obtained by the action of the Tevatron Electron Lenses.
description: submitted for publication in New Journal of Physics
High expression of antioxidant proteins in dendritic cells: possible implications in atherosclerosis
Creators: name: Rivollier, Aymeric
name: Perrin-Cocon, Laure
name: Luche, Sylvie
name: Diemer, Hélène
name: Strub, Jean-Marc
name: Hanau, Daniel
name: van Dorsselaer, Alain
name: Lotteau, Vincent
name: Rabourdin-Combe, Chantal
name: Rabilloud, Thierry
name: Servet-Delprat, Christine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Dendritic cells (DCs) display the unique ability to activate naive T cells and to initiate primary T cell responses revealed in DC-T cell alloreactions. DCs frequently operate under stress conditions. Oxidative stress enhances the production of inflammatory cytokines by DCs. We performed a proteomic analysis to see which major changes occur, at the protein expression level, during DC differentiation and maturation. Comparative two-dimensional gel analysis of the monocyte, immature DC, and mature DC stages was performed. Manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) reached 0.7% of the gel-displayed proteins at the mature DC stage. This important amount of Mn-SOD is a primary antioxidant defense system against superoxide radicals, but its product, H(2)O(2), is also deleterious for cells. Peroxiredoxin (Prx) enzymes play an important role in eliminating such peroxide. Prx1 expression level continuously increased during DC differentiation and maturation, whereas Prx6 continuously decreased, and Prx2 peaked at the immature DC stage. As a consequence, DCs were more resistant than monocytes to apoptosis induced by high amounts of oxidized low density lipoproteins containing toxic organic peroxides and hydrogen peroxide. Furthermore DC-stimulated T cells produced high levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand, a chemotactic and survival factor for monocytes and DCs. This study provides insights into the original ability of DCs to express very high levels of antioxidant enzymes such as Mn-SOD and Prx1, to detoxify oxidized low density lipoproteins, and to induce high levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand by the T cells they activate and further emphasizes the role that DCs might play in atherosclerosis, a pathology recognized as a chronic inflammatory disorder.
description: cpyright: American Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Neural Network Coding
Creators: name: Liu, Litian
name: Solomon, Amit
name: Salamatian, Salman
name: Medard, Muriel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper we introduce Neural Network Coding(NNC), a data-driven approach to joint source and network coding. In NNC, the encoders at each source and intermediate node, as well as the decoder at each destination node, are neural networks which are all trained jointly for the task of communicating correlated sources through a network of noisy point-to-point links. The NNC scheme is application-specific and makes use of a training set of data, instead of making assumptions on the source statistics. In addition, it can adapt to any arbitrary network topology and power constraint. We show empirically that, for the task of transmitting MNIST images over a network, the NNC scheme shows improvement over baseline schemes, especially in the low-SNR regime.
Applying the heteroskedastic ordered probit model on injury severity for improved age and gender estimation
Creators: name: Nickkar, Amirreza
name: Pourfalatoun, Shiva
name: Miller, Erika E.
name: Lee, Young-Jae
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Driver characteristics have been linked to the frequency and severity of car crashes. Among these, age and gender have been shown to impact both the possibility and severity of a crash. Previous studies have used standard ordered probit (OP) models to analyze crash data, and some research has suggested heteroskedastic ordered probit (HETOP) could provide improved model fit. The objective of this paper is to evaluate potential improvements of the heteroskedastic ordered probit (HETOP) model compared to the standard ordered probit (OP) model in crash analysis, by examining the effect of gender across age on injury severity among drivers. This paper hypothesizes that the HETOP model can provide a better fit to crash data, by allowing heteroskedasticity in the distribution of injury severity across driver age and gender. Data for 20,222 crashes were analyzed for North Carolina from 2016 to 2018, which represents the state with the highest number of fatalities per 100 million vehicle miles traveled amongst available crash data from the Highway Safety Information System. Darker lighting conditions, severe road surface conditions, and less severe weather were associated with increased injury severity. For driver demographics, the probability of severe injuries increased with age and for male drivers. Moreover, the variance of severity increased with age disproportionately within and across genders, and the HETOP was able to account for this. The results of the two applied approaches revealed that HETOP model outperformed the standard OP model when measuring the effects of age and gender together in injury severity analysis, due to the heteroskedasticity in injury severity within gender and age. The HETOP statistical method presented in this paper can be more broadly applied across other contexts and combinations of independent variables for improved model prediction and accuracy of causal variables in traffic safety.
The Unitarity Triangle Fit in the Standard Model and Hadronic Parameters from Lattice QCD: A Reappraisal after the Measurements of Delta m_s and BR(B to tau nu)
Creators: name: UTfit Collaboration
name: Bona, M.
name: Ciuchini, M.
name: Franco, E.
name: Lubicz, V.
name: Martinelli, G.
name: Parodi, F.
name: Pierini, M.
name: Roudeau, P.
name: Schiavi, C.
name: Silvestrini, L.
name: Stocchi, A.
name: Vagnoni, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent measurements of the B_s meson mixing amplitude by CDF and of the leptonic branching fraction BR(B to tau nu) by Belle call for an upgraded analysis of the Unitarity Triangle in the Standard Model. Besides improving the previous constraints on the parameters of the CKM matrix, these new measurements, combined with the recent determinations of the angles alpha, beta and gamma from non-leptonic decays, allow, in the Standard Model, a quite accurate extraction of the values of the hadronic matrix elements relevant for K-Kbar and B_{s,d}-B_{s,d}bar mixing and of the leptonic decay constant f_B. These values, obtained ``experimentally'', can then be compared with the theoretical predictions, mainly from lattice QCD. In this paper we upgrade the UT fit, we determine from the data the kaon B-parameter B_Khat, the B^0 mixing amplitude parameters f_Bs B^{1/2}_Bs and xi, the decay constant f_B, and make a comparison of the obtained values with lattice predictions. We also discuss the different determinations of V_ub and show that current data do not favour the value measured in inclusive decays.
description: 16 pages, 10 figures. v2: references added, version to appear in JHEP
Distributional properties of fluid queues busy period and first passage times
Creators: name: Palmowski, Zbigniew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we analyze the distributional properties of a busy period in an on-off fluid queue and the a first passage time in a fluid queue driven by a finite state Markov process. In particular, we show that in Anick-Mitra-Sondhi model the first passage time has a IFR distribution and the busy period has a DFR distribution.