title: From Data to Action: Unleashing the Power of Data Visualization for Teacher Data Utilization
Creators: name: Morgenstern, Iris
Publisher: name: University of Muenster, Institutional Repository MIAMI
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 370 Education
subject: 300 Social sciences, Anthropology

description: Die Dissertation untersucht, wie Datenvisualisierung die Datennutzung von Lehrkräften verbessern kann. Lehrer haben oft Schwierigkeiten, komplexe Daten zu verstehen und daraus Handlungen abzuleiten. Datenvisualisierungen, die nach der "Grammar of Graphics" gestaltet sind, sollen helfen, Daten besser zu verstehen, Diskussionen anzuregen und fundierte Entscheidungen zu treffen. In einer experimentellen Studie wurden Lehramtsstudierende gebeten, Daten in verschiedenen Formaten zu interpretieren. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Datenvisualisierungen, insbesondere komplexe wie Q-Q-Plots, zu intensiveren Auseinandersetzungen führen als Tabellen. Die Arbeit betont die Notwendigkeit, die Arbeit mit Daten inklusive der Visualisierungen von Daten in die Lehrerbildung zu integrieren.
description: The dissertation examines how data visualization can improve teachers' use of data. Teachers often struggle to understand data and derive sensible actions from them. Data visualizations, designed according to the "Grammar of Graphics," aim to help better comprehend data, stimulate discussions, and support data-informed decision-making. In an experimental study, student teachers were asked to interpret data in various formats. The results show that data visualizations, especially complex ones like Q-Q plots, lead to a deeper engagement with data than tables. The work emphasizes the need to integrate data work, including data visualizations, into teacher education.
description: 1 Introduction ..... 1
1.1 Problem outline ..... 1
1.2 Objectives and structure of the thesis ..... 4
2 Theoretical underpinnings ..... 9
2.1 The Data Information Knowledge Wisdom (DIKW) pyramid ..... 9
2.1.1 Data ..... 10
2.1.2 Information ..... 26
2.1.3 Knowledge ..... 33
2.1.4 Wisdom ..... 37
2.2 The role of visualized data for data use in schools ..... 40
2.2.1 Statistic parameters vs. data visualizations ..... 41
2.2.2 Definition of data visualizations ..... 42
2.2.3 Data visualizations as means of external cognition ..... 43
2.2.4 Data visualizations as cognitive practice ..... 46
2.3 The Grammar of Graphics ..... 47
2.3.1 Data ..... 48
2.3.2 Variables ..... 48
2.3.3 Algebra ..... 50
2.3.4 Scales ..... 53
2.3.5 Statistics ..... 63
2.3.6 Geometry ..... 64
2.3.7 Aesthetics ..... 70
2.3.8 Coordinates ..... 81
2.3.9 Facets ..... 81
2.3.10 Gestalt ..... 82
3 Data use in the teaching profession ..... 87
3.1 A framework of teacher competence and their relation to data use ..... 87
3.1.1 Competence area Teaching ..... 88
3.1.2 Competence area Education ..... 91
3.1.3 Competence area Assessment ..... 92
3.1.4 Competence area Innovation ..... 93
3.2 Student-related outcomes of data-informed teacher action ..... 95
3.2.1 Competence area Teaching ..... 95
3.2.2 Competence area Education ..... 98
3.2.3 Competence area Assessment ..... 99
3.2.4 Competence area Innovation ..... 100
3.3 Data teams as the locus of data use within schools ..... 101
4 Working in data teams ..... 103
4.1 Communication in and around data teams ..... 103
4.1.1 Knowledge sharing in data teams ..... 103
4.1.2 Discussion quality in data teams ..... 109
4.1.3 Interaction between data teams and the school public ..... 116
4.2 Ways of supporting data teams ..... 117
4.2.1 The use of protocols ..... 117
4.2.2 The use of data visualizations ..... 128
5 Introduction to the research project ..... 151
5.1 Type of research ..... 151
5.2 Student sample ..... 153
5.3 Research questions and hypotheses ..... 155
5.3.1 Comprehension of teaching-related data ..... 158
5.3.2 Prerequisites of data perception ..... 158
5.3.3 Experience qualities of data perception ..... 160
5.3.4 Aftereffects of data perception ..... 161
5.4 Research material ..... 162
5.4.1 Cover story ..... 163
5.4.2 Experimental conditions ..... 163
5.5 Questionnaire ..... 165
5.5.1 Comprehension of teaching-related data ..... 165
5.5.2 Prerequisites of data perception ..... 168
5.5.3 Experience qualities of data perception ..... 171
5.5.4 Aftereffects of data perception ..... 172
5.6 Analysis strategy ..... 177
6 Research results ..... 181
6.1 Comprehension of teaching-related data ..... 181
6.2 The prerequisites for teaching-related data comprehension ..... 185
6.2.1 Final high school grade and self-assessed academic competencies
..... 185
6.2.2 Data visualization literacy ..... 189
6.2.3 Conclusion ..... 192
6.3 Experience qualities of data perception ..... 192
6.3.1 Single experience qualities ..... 192
6.3.2 Overall work experience ..... 197
6.3.3 Conclusion ..... 207
6.4 Aftereffects of data perception ..... 207
6.4.1 Single aftereffects ..... 207
6.4.2 Overall productivity ..... 214
6.4.3 Conclusion ..... 219
7 Students’ data posters ..... 221
7.1 Proof of concept data posters ..... 221
7.1.1 Proof of information retrieval ..... 222
7.1.2 Proof of productive data use ..... 227
7.1.3 Proof of pleasant work experience ..... 229
7.2 Systematization of data posters ..... 231
7.3 Outlook ..... 235
7.3.1 Genuine proof of concept ..... 235
7.3.2 Subject-specific standards ..... 237
8 Conclusion ..... 241
8.1 Summary ..... 241
8.2 Limitations ..... 243
8.2.1 Measures and procedures ..... 244
8.2.2 Sample and analysis ..... 245
8.3 Implications ..... 246
8.3.1 Implications for further research ..... 246
8.3.2 Implications for data visualization ..... 247
8.3.3 Implications for K-12 education ..... 248
8.3.4 Implications for teacher education ..... 249
8.3.5 Implications for school practice ..... 252
8.3.6 Implications for schools as learning institution ..... 253
8.3.7 Implication for teacher professionalization ..... 254
Appendices ..... 279
A Stimulus material ..... 281
B Questionnaire on reading trainings ..... 295
C VLAT questionnaire ..... 301
D Data posters ..... 317