cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Meta-Analysis of the Association between Interleukin-1 Genetic Polymorphisms and Fracture Risk
Creators: name: Mun, Heejin
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 2022

description: Studies on the association between inflammatory cytokine IL-1 polymorphisms and osteoporotic fracture risk have yielded inconsistent results. No related meta-analysis or systematic review has been reported in the literature. Hence, the first meta-analysis was conducted to examine the effect of the inflammatory cytokine IL-1 polymorphisms on osteoporotic fracture risk. Two researchers searched for eligible studies online via Medline, Web of Science, and Embase between January 1, 1980, and April 1, 2022. A manual search of relevant references and review articles was performed. Furthermore, two researchers conducted study selection, appraisal, and data abstraction independently using the predefined data collection form. Any disagreements were resolved in these processes by consensus. Odds ratios (ORs) were pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis model. The effect size of each study was weighted by the reciprocal of its variance. Cochrane's Q test and Higgin’s I2 were employed to assess the heterogeneity. We appraised study quality by using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. 785 relevant references were identified in the literature search; however, only ten studies met the inclusion criteria of the systematic review, and eight studies that reported fracture outcomes were included in the meta-analysis. Among eligible studies, three reported IL−1β (−511) polymorphisms, and seven reported IL−1RN (VNTR). It was found that there was no association between genotype IL−1β (−511 C/T) and osteoporotic fracture (OR=0.84, 95% CI= [0.47, 1.52], Heterogeneity: I2 =91%, χ2=22.65
Testing the disjunction hypothesis using Voronoi diagrams with applications to genetics
Creators: name: Phillips, Daisy
name: Ghosh, Debashis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Testing of the disjunction hypothesis is appropriate when each gene or location studied is associated with multiple $p$-values, each of which is of individual interest. This can occur when more than one aspect of an underlying process is measured. For example, cancer researchers may hope to detect genes that are both differentially expressed on a transcriptomic level and show evidence of copy number aberration. Currently used methods of $p$-value combination for this setting are overly conservative, resulting in very low power for detection. In this work, we introduce a method to test the disjunction hypothesis by using cumulative areas from the Voronoi diagram of two-dimensional vectors of $p$-values. Our method offers much improved power over existing methods, even in challenging situations, while maintaining appropriate error control. We apply the approach to data from two published studies: the first aims to detect periodic genes of the organism Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and the second aims to identify genes associated with prostate cancer.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/13-AOAS707 the Annals of Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Aerosol activation characteristics and prediction at the central European ACTRIS research station of Melpitz, Germany
Creators: name: Wang, Yuan
name: Henning, Silvia
name: Poulain, Laurent
name: Lu, Chunsong
name: Stratmann, Frank
name: Wang, Yuying
name: Niu, Shengjie
name: Pöhlker, Mira L.
name: Herrmann, Hartmut
name: Wiedensohler, Alfred
Publisher: name: Katlenburg-Lindau : EGU
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: aerosol
subject: cloud condensation nucleus
subject: concentration (composition)
subject: prediction
subject: seasonal variation
subject: Germany
subject: Melpitz
subject: Saxony
subject: 550

description: Understanding aerosol particle activation is essential for evaluating aerosol indirect effects (AIEs) on climate. Long-term measurements of aerosol particle activation help to understand the AIEs and narrow down the uncertainties of AIEs simulation. However, they are still scarce. In this study, more than 4 years of comprehensive aerosol measurements were utilized at the central European research station of Melpitz, Germany, to gain insight into the aerosol particle activation and provide recommendations on improving the prediction of number concentration of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN, NCCN). (1) The overall CCN activation characteristics at Melpitz are provided. As supersaturation (SS) increases from 0.1% to 0.7%, the median NCCN increases from 399 to 2144cm-3, which represents 10% to 48% of the total particle number concentration with a diameter range of 10-800nm, while the median hygroscopicity factor (κ) and critical diameter (Dc) decrease from 0.27 to 0.19 and from 176 to 54nm, respectively. (2) Aerosol particle activation is highly variable across seasons, especially at low-SS conditions. At SSCombining double low line0.1%, the median NCCN and activation ratio (AR) in winter are 1.6 and 2.3 times higher than the summer values, respectively. (3) Both κ and the mixing state are size-dependent. As the particle diameter (Dp) increases, κ increases at Dp of 1/440 to 100nm and almost stays constant at Dp of 100 to 200nm, whereas the degree of the external mixture keeps decreasing at Dp of 1/440 to 200nm. The relationships of κ vs. Dp and degree of mixing vs. Dp were both fitted well by a power-law function. (4) Size-resolved κ improves the NCCN prediction. We recommend applying the κ-Dp power-law fit for NCCN prediction at Melpitz, which performs better than using the constant κ of 0.3 and the κ derived from particle chemical compositions and much better than using the NCCN (AR) vs. SS relationships. The κ-Dp power-law fit measured at Melpitz could be applied to predict NCCN for other rural regions. For the purpose of improving the prediction of NCCN, long-term monodisperse CCN measurements are still needed to obtain the κ-Dp relationships for different regions and their seasonal variations.
Thermodynamics of Asymptotically de-Sitter Black Hole in dRGT Massive Gravity from Rényi entropy
Creators: name: Chunaksorn, Phuwadon
name: Hirunsirisawat, Ekapong
name: Nakarachinda, Ratchaphat
name: Tannukij, Lunchakorn
name: Wongjun, Pitayuth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The thermodynamic properties of the de Rham-Gabadadze-Tolley (dRGT) black hole in the asymptotically de Sitter (dS) spacetime are investigated by using Rényi entropy. It has been found that the black hole with asymptotically dS spacetime described by the standard Gibbs-Boltzmann statistics cannot be thermodynamically stable. Moreover, there generically exist two horizons corresponding to two thermodynamic systems with different temperatures, leading to a nonequilibrium state. Therefore, in order to obtain the stable dRGT black hole, we use the alternative Rényi statistics to analyze the thermodynamics properties in both the separated system approach and the effective system approach. Interestingly, we found that it is possible concurrently obtain positive pressure and volume for the dRGT black hole while it is not for the Schwarzschild-de Sitter (Sch-dS) black hole. Furthermore, the bounds on the nonextensive parameter for which the black hole being thermodynamically stable are determined. In addition, the key differences between the systems described by different approaches, e.g., temperature profiles and types of the Hawking-Page phase transition are pointed out.
description: 37 pages, 13 figures, V.2 There had been added on the references, and the typos had been corrected
Localization of free field realizations of affine Lie algebras
Creators: name: Futorny, Vyacheslav
name: Grantcharov, Dimitar
name: Martins, Renato A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17B67, 81R10

description: We use localization technique to construct new families of irreducible modules of affine Kac-Moody algebras. In particular, localization is applied to the first free field realization of the affine Lie algebra A_1^{(1)} or, equivalently, to imaginary Verma modules.
description: 18 pages, minor changes made, to appear in Lett. Math. Phys
Color structures and permutations
Creators: name: Kol, Barak
name: Shir, Ruth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Color structures for tree level scattering amplitudes in gauge theory are studied in order to determine the symmetry properties of the color-ordered sub-amplitudes. We mathematically formulate the space of color structures together with the action of permuting external legs. The character generating functions are presented from the mathematical literature and we determine the decomposition into irreducible representations. Mathematically, free Lie algebras and the Lie operad are central. A study of the implications for sub-amplitudes is initiated and we prove directly that both the Parke-Taylor amplitudes and Cachazo-He-Yuan amplitudes satisfy the Kleiss-Kuijf relations.
description: 22 pages. v2: minor changes. v3: JHEP published version. Additional examples and explanations
Landau Free Energy and Analytic Tricritical Point in Holographic Superfluid
Creators: name: Huang, Wung-Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the analytical method in studying the holographic superfluid model which is described by Maxwell field minimally coupling to a charged scalar field in a fixed AdS black hole background. We propose a method that enables us to find exact value of coefficient in the solution and thus obtain higher-order expansion of the associated Landau free energy of the holographic superfluid with flow. We determine the critical value of superfluid velocity at the tricritical point of holographic superfluid and compare it with the numerical value.
description: Latex, 16 pages, correct singular function
Simulating Airplane Aerodynamics with Body Forces: Actuator Line Method for Non-planar Wings
Creators: name: Kleine, Vitor G.
name: Hanifi, Ardeshir
name: Henningson, Dan S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two configurations typical of fixed-wing aircraft are simulated with the actuator line method (ALM): a wing with winglets and a T-tail. The ALM is extensively used in rotor simulations to model the blades by body forces, which are calculated from airfoil data and the relative flow velocity. This method has not been used to simulate airplane aerodynamics, despite its advantage of allowing coarser grids. This may be credited to the failure of the uncorrected ALM to accurately predict forces near the tip of wings, even for simple configurations. The recently-proposed vortex-based smearing correction shows improved results, suggesting those limitations are part of the past. For the non-planar configurations studied in this work, differences between the ALM with the original smearing correction and a non-linear lifting line method (LL) are observed near the intersection of surfaces, because the circulation generated in the numerical simulation differs from the calculated corrected circulation. A vorticity magnitude correction is proposed, which improves the agreement between ALM and LL. This second-order correction resolves the ambiguity in the velocity used to define the lift force. The good results indicate that the improved ALM can be used for airplane aerodynamics, with an accuracy similar to the LL.
description: 27 pages, 7 figures
title: The periglacial engine of mountain erosion
title: Part 1: Rates of frost cracking and frost creep
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Andersen, Jane Lund
name: Egholm, David  L.
name: Faurschou Knudsen, Mads
name: Jansen, John D.
name: Nielsen, S. B.
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: With accelerating climate cooling in the late Cenozoic, glacial and periglacial erosion became more widespread on the surface of the Earth. The resultant shift in erosion patterns significantly changed the large-scale morphology of many mountain ranges worldwide. Whereas the glacial fingerprint is easily distinguished by its characteristic fjords and U-shaped valleys, the periglacial fingerprint is more subtle but potentially prevails in some mid- to high-latitude landscapes. Previous models have advocated a frost-driven control on debris production at steep headwalls and glacial valley sides. Here we investigate the important role that periglacial processes also play in less steep parts of mountain landscapes. Understanding the influences of frost-driven processes in low-relief areas requires a focus on the consequences of an accreting soil mantle, which characterises such surfaces. We present a new model that quantifies two key physical processes: frost cracking and frost creep, as a function of both temperature and sediment thickness. Our results yield new insights into how climate and sediment transport properties combine to scale the intensity of periglacial processes. The thickness of the soil mantle strongly modulates the relation between climate and the intensity of mechanical weathering and sediment flux. Our results also point to an offset between the conditions that promote frost cracking and those that promote frost creep, indicating that a stable climate can provide optimal conditions for only one of those processes at a time. Finally, quantifying these relations also opens up the possibility of including periglacial processes in large-scale, long-term landscape evolution models, as demonstrated in a companion paper.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, 530
The Universal Property of the Entropy Sum of Black Holes in All Dimensions
Creators: name: Du, Yi-Qiang
name: Tian, Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is proposed by Cvetic et al [Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 (2011) 121301] that the product of all horizon areas for general rotating multi-change black holes has universal expressions independent of the mass. When we consider the product of all horizon entropies, however, the mass will be present in some cases, while another new universal property [JHEP 1401 (2014) 031] is preserved, which is more general and says that the sum of all horizon entropies depends only on the coupling constants of the theory and the topology of the black hole. The property has been studied in limited dimensions and the generalization in arbitrary dimensions is not straight-forward. In this Letter, we prove a useful formula, which makes it possible to investigate this conjectured universality in arbitrary dimensions for the maximally symmetric black holes in general Lovelock gravity and $f(R)$ gravity. We also propose an approach to compute the entropy sum of general Kerr-(anti-)de-Sitter black holes in arbitrary dimensions. In all these cases, we prove that the entropy sum only depends on the coupling constants and the topology of the black hole.
description: 16 pages,no figures;v2: 17 pages, references added, minor corrections/modifications; v3: 16 pages, added references, correct some expressons, added equation (16) to make the context more clear, to appear in PLB
Quantum and classical capacity boosted by a Lorentz transformation
Creators: name: Bradler, Kamil
name: Castro-Ruiz, Esteban
name: Nahmad-Achar, Eduardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we show that the quantum channel between two inertial observers who transmit quantum information by sending realistic photonic wave packets is a well-studied channel in quantum Shannon theory -- the Pauli channel. The parameters of the Pauli channel and therefore its classical and quantum capacity depend on the magnitude of the Lorentz boost relating the two observers. The most striking consequence is that two inertial observers whose Pauli channel has initially zero quantum capacity can achieve nonzero quantum communication rates (reaching in principle its maximal value equal to one) by applying a boost in the right direction. This points to a fundamental connection between quantum channel capacities and special relativity.
description: typos fixed; to appear in PRA
Top-quark Polarization and Asymmetries at the LHC in the Effective Description of Squark Interactions
Creators: name: Abrahantes, A.
name: Arganda, E.
name: Penaranda, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A detailed study of top-quark polarizations and $t \bar t$ charge asymmetries, induced by top-squark-pair production at the LHC and the subsequent decays $\tilde t \to t \tilde χ_1^0$, is performed within the effective description of squark interactions, which includes the effective Yukawa couplings and another logarithmic term encoding the supersymmetry breaking. This effective approach is more suitable for its introduction into Monte-Carlo simulations and we make use of its implementation in {\tt MadGraph} in order to investigate the possibilities of the charge asymmetry $A_\text{C}$, measured at the LHC and consistent with SM expectations, to discriminate among different SUSY scenarios and analyze the implications of these scenarios in the top polarizations and related observables.
description: LaTeX file. 27 pages, 6 figures, 10 tables: v3 matches published manuscript Eur.Phys.J. C75 (2015) 1, 37
Multidimensional epistasis and the transitory advantage of sex
Creators: name: Nowak, Stefan
name: Neidhart, Johannes
name: Szendro, Ivan G.
name: Krug, Joachim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Identifying and quantifying the benefits of sex and recombination is a long standing problem in evolutionary theory. In particular, contradictory claims have been made about the existence of a benefit of recombination on high dimensional fitness landscapes in the presence of sign epistasis. Here we present a comparative numerical study of sexual and asexual evolutionary dynamics of haploids on tunably rugged model landscapes under strong selection, paying special attention to the temporal development of the evolutionary advantage of recombination and the link between population diversity and the rate of adaptation. We show that the adaptive advantage of recombination on static rugged landscapes is strictly transitory. At early times, an advantage of recombination arises through the possibility to combine individually occurring beneficial mutations, but this effect is reversed at longer times by the much more efficient trapping of recombining populations at local fitness peaks. These findings are explained by means of well established results for a setup with only two loci. In accordance with the Red Queen hypothesis the transitory advantage can be prolonged indefinitely in fluctuating environments, and it is maximal when the environment fluctuates on the same time scale on which trapping at local optima typically occurs.
description: 34 pages, 9 figures and 8 supplementary figures; revised and final version
Estimating extragalactic Faraday rotation
Creators: name: Oppermann, Niels
name: Junklewitz, Henrik
name: Greiner, Maksim
name: Enßlin, Torsten A.
name: Akahori, Takuya
name: Carretti, Ettore
name: Gaensler, Bryan M.
name: Goobar, Ariel
name: Harvey-Smith, Lisa
name: Johnston-Hollitt, Melanie
name: Pratley, Luke
name: Schnitzeler, Dominic H. F. M.
name: Stil, Jeroen M.
name: Vacca, Valentina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (abridged) Observations of Faraday rotation for extragalactic sources probe magnetic fields both inside and outside the Milky Way. Building on our earlier estimate of the Galactic contribution, we set out to estimate the extragalactic contributions. We discuss the problems involved; in particular, we point out that taking the difference between the observed values and the Galactic foreground reconstruction is not a good estimate for the extragalactic contributions. We point out a degeneracy between the contributions to the observed values due to extragalactic magnetic fields and observational noise and comment on the dangers of over-interpreting an estimate without taking into account its uncertainty information. To overcome these difficulties, we develop an extended reconstruction algorithm based on the assumption that the observational uncertainties are accurately described for a subset of the data, which can overcome the degeneracy with the extragalactic contributions. We present a probabilistic derivation of the algorithm and demonstrate its performance using a simulation, yielding a high quality reconstruction of the Galactic Faraday rotation foreground, a precise estimate of the typical extragalactic contribution, and a well-defined probabilistic description of the extragalactic contribution for each data point. We then apply this reconstruction technique to a catalog of Faraday rotation observations. We vary our assumptions about the data, showing that the dispersion of extragalactic contributions to observed Faraday depths is most likely lower than 7 rad/m^2, in agreement with earlier results, and that the extragalactic contribution to an individual data point is poorly constrained by the data in most cases.
description: 20 + 6 pages, 19 figures; minor changes after bug-fix; version accepted for publication by A&A; results are available at http://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/ift/faraday/
title: A simple equation for the melt elevation feedback of ice sheets
Creators: name: Levermann, Anders
name: Winkelmann, Ricarda
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: In recent decades, the Greenland Ice Sheet has been losing mass and has thereby contributed to global sea-level rise. The rate of ice loss is highly relevant for coastal protection worldwide. The ice loss is likely to increase under future warming. Beyond a critical temperature threshold, a meltdown of the Greenland Ice Sheet is induced by the self-enforcing feedback between its lowering surface elevation and its increasing surface mass loss: the more ice that is lost, the lower the ice surface and the warmer the surface air temperature, which fosters further melting and ice loss. The computation of this rate so far relies on complex numerical models which are the appropriate tools for capturing the complexity of the problem. By contrast we aim here at gaining a conceptual understanding by deriving a purposefully simple equation for the self-enforcing feedback which is then used to estimate the melt time for different levels of warming using three observable characteristics of the ice sheet itself and its surroundings. The analysis is purely conceptual in nature. It is missing important processes like ice dynamics for it to be useful for applications to sea-level rise on centennial timescales, but if the volume loss is dominated by the feedback, the resulting logarithmic equation unifies existing numerical simulations and shows that the melt time depends strongly on the level of warming with a critical slow-down near the threshold: the median time to lose 10% of the present-day ice volume varies between about 3500 years for a temperature level of 0.5 degrees C above the threshold and 500 years for 5 degrees C. Unless future observations show a significantly higher melting sensitivity than currently observed, a complete meltdown is unlikely within the next 2000 years without significant ice-dynamical contributions.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, 529
Dirac Cone Metric and the Origin of the Spin Connections in Monolayer Graphene
Creators: name: Yang, Bo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the modulation of the hopping amplitudes in the honeycomb lattice of the monolayer graphene uniquely defines a metric which corresponds to the shape of the Dirac cone. The spin connection of this effective metric field can be obtained from the microscopic tight-binding Hamiltonian exactly, completing the analogy between the sublattice pseudospin travelling in the monolayer graphene with ripples and strain fields, and the real spin $1/2$ fermion travelling in a curved space. The effective metric as seen by the sublattice pseudospin is different from the real space metric as defined by the two-dimensional manifold of the graphene monolayer. All relevant terms of the effective gauge field from the microscopic model is calculated exactly for a unimodular effective metric.
description: 3+ pages, minor revision with added references, accepted for PRB rapid communication
Citizen Science in Earth Observation
Creators: name: Piera, Jaume
name: Rodero, Carlos
name: Salvador, Xavier
name: Soacha, Karen
name: Liñan, Sonia
name: Álvarez, Ana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Citizen Observatories
Citizen Science
Marine Citizen Science
Data quality
Data validation
DIY sensors
EuroGeo

description: Citizen Science is a potentially valuable source of data for Earth Observation. Here we introduce two examples in different monitoring domains: (1) Monitoring water quality derived parameters (transparency) with low-cost (& DIY) sensors, and (2) Monitoring urban biodiversity with volunteers.
EVALUATING THE INFLUENCE OF TOPLIGHT OPTIMIZATION ON DAYLIGHTING EFFICIENCY IN A UNIVERSITY SPORTS COMPLEX
Creators: name: Sophia, Martin
name: Dr. Alexander, Müller
Publisher: name: AYDEN JOURNAL
Year: 2024
Subjects: Sports Complex, Top Lighting, Daylight, Climate, Architecture, Strategies

description: Daylight is well-known for its role, reducing artificial lighting consumption and enhancing the wellbeing and performance of building occupants. Daylight availability in buildings faces numerous challenges in a world where energy efficiency, thermal comfort, and sustainability take center stage. However, a crucial issue arises with the incorporation of large windows to introduce natural light, as this may compromise the thermal efficiency of a room. The utilization of day lighting as an effort to reduce the usage of building energy needs to be optimized. This is because, sport   complex   with   large   volumes require specific strategies for proper light distribution throughout the space. This study aims to explore and compare the effectiveness of day lighting in the openings design of skylights, roof monitor, and saw-tooth in a university sport complex.   This   research   study   undertook   a rigorous mixed methods analysis to examine the impacts of strategic skylight modifications on interior daylight sufficiency, energy performance, and broader user experiences within university sport complex. Designers must strike a delicate balance between optimizing daylight and ensuring thermal comfort to achieve energy- efficient buildings
Triple-$\mathcal{Q}$ partial magnetic orders induced by quadrupolar interactions: Triforce order scenario for UNi$_4$B
Creators: name: Ishitobi, Takayuki
name: Hattori, Kazumasa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically investigate possible symmetry-broken states in ${\rm UNi_4B}$, constructing a localized pseudo triplet crystalline-electric field model. For a long time, its low-temperature symmetry-broken phase in ${\rm UNi_4B}$ has been considered to be a magnetic toroidal order forming atomic-scale vortices lattice with disordered sites at each center of the vortices. However, recent observation of current-induced magnetizations offers a reinvestigation about the validity of this order parameter because of the contradiction in their anisotropy. Our model takes into account the quadrupole degrees of freedom, whose importance is recently evidenced by the sound-velocity softening. We find that the quadrupole moments play an important role in determining the magnetic structure in the ordered states. For a wide range of parameter space, we obtain two triple-$\mathcal{Q}$ magnetic orders in our 36-site mean-field analysis: toroidal order and another one with the same number of disordered sites as in the toroidal order. We name the latter ``triforce'' order after its magnetic structure. Importantly, the triforce order possesses exactly the same spin structure factor as the toroidal order does, while the phase factors in the superposition of the triple-$\mathcal{Q}$ structure are different. We show that the triforce order is consistent with the observed current-induced magnetization when the realistic crystal structure of ${\rm UNi_4B}$ is taken into account. We compare the predictions of the triforce order with the experimental data available at present in detail and also discuss possible applications of the present mechanism of triple-$\mathcal{Q}$ orders to anisotropic correlated systems.
description: 32 pages, 15 figures
Fluid-driven deformation of a soft granular material
Creators: name: MacMinn, Christopher W.
name: Dufresne, Eric R.
name: Wettlaufer, John S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 74F10, 74E20, 76S99

description: Compressing a porous, fluid-filled material will drive the interstitial fluid out of the pore space, as when squeezing water out of a kitchen sponge. Inversely, injecting fluid into a porous material can deform the solid structure, as when fracturing a shale for natural gas recovery. These poromechanical interactions play an important role in geological and biological systems across a wide range of scales, from the propagation of magma through the Earth's mantle to the transport of fluid through living cells and tissues. The theory of poroelasticity has been largely successful in modeling poromechanical behavior in relatively simple systems, but this continuum theory is fundamentally limited by our understanding of the pore-scale interactions between the fluid and the solid, and these problems are notoriously difficult to study in a laboratory setting. Here, we present a high-resolution measurement of injection-driven poromechanical deformation in a system with granular microsctructure: We inject fluid into a dense, confined monolayer of soft particles and use particle tracking to reveal the dynamics of the multi-scale deformation field. We find that a continuum model based on poroelasticity theory captures certain macroscopic features of the deformation, but the particle-scale deformation field exhibits dramatic departures from smooth, continuum behavior. We observe particle-scale rearrangement and hysteresis, as well as petal-like mesoscale structures that are connected to material failure through spiral shear banding.
Emergence of transient reverse fingers during radial displacement of a shear-thickening fluid
Creators: name: Palak, Palak
name: Parmar, Vaibhav Raj Singh
name: Chanda, Sayantan
name: Bandyopadhyay, Ranjini
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A highly sheared dense aqueous suspension of granular cornstarch particles displays rich nonlinear rheology. We had previously demonstrated the growth and onset of interfacial instabilities when shear-thinning cornstarch suspensions were displaced by a Newtonian fluid, and had suggested methods to maximise displacement efficiency [Palak, R. Sathayanath, S. K. Kalpathy and R. Bandyopadhyay, Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp., 629 (2021) 127405]. In the present work, we explore the miscible displacement of a dense aqueous cornstarch suspension in its discontinuous shear-thickening regime in a quasi-two-dimensional radial Hele-Shaw cell. We systematically study the growth kinetics of the inner interface between water and the cornstarch suspension, and also of the outer interface between the suspension and air. In addition to the growth of interfacial instabilities at the inner interface, we observe a transient withdrawal of the suspension and the formation of fingering instabilities at the outer interface. We demonstrate that these `reverse fingering' instabilities are extremely sensitive to the injection flow rate of water, the gap of the Hele-Shaw cell and the concentration of the displaced cornstarch suspension, {and emerge irrespective of immiscibility between the fluid pair. We believe that as the cornstarch suspension dilates due to the high shear rate imposed by the displacing fluid, the outer suspension-air interface responds with a restoring force, resulting in the penetration of air into the suspension and the formation of reverse fingers. We note that the growth of reverse fingers significantly reduces the displacement efficiency of the suspension. Finally, we demonstrate a correlation in the growth of inner and outer interfacial patterns by computing the velocity with which stresses propagate in the confined dense suspension. Our findings are useful in understanding the flow of granular materials through constrained geometries and can be extended to study stress propagation in shear-thickening materials due to a sudden imposition of high shear rate, such as in impact behaviour.
description: 37 pages, 18 figures
title: Delaying future sea-level rise by storing water in Antarctica
Creators: name: Frieler, Katja
name: Mengel, Matthias
name: Levermann, Anders
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: Even if greenhouse gas emissions were stopped today, sea level would continue to rise for centuries, with the long-term sea-level commitment of a 2 degrees C warmer world significantly exceeding 2 m. In view of the potential implications for coastal populations and ecosystems worldwide, we investigate, from an ice-dynamic perspective, the possibility of delaying sea-level rise by pumping ocean water onto the surface of the Antarctic ice sheet. We find that due to wave propagation ice is discharged much faster back into the ocean than would be expected from a pure advection with surface velocities. The delay time depends strongly on the distance from the coastline at which the additional mass is placed and less strongly on the rate of sea-level rise that is mitigated. A millennium-scale storage of at least 80% of the additional ice requires placing it at a distance of at least 700 km from the coastline. The pumping energy required to elevate the potential energy of ocean water to mitigate the currently observed 3 mmyr(-1) will exceed 7% of the current global primary energy supply. At the same time, the approach offers a comprehensive protection for entire coastlines particularly including regions that cannot be protected by dikes.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, 533
Physics of ULIRGs with MUSE and ALMA: PUMA IV. No tight relation between cold molecular outflow rates and AGN luminosities
Creators: name: Lamperti, I.
name: Pereira-Santaella, M.
name: Perna, M.
name: Colina, L.
name: Arribas, S.
name: García-Burillo, S.
name: González-Alfonso, E.
name: Aalto, S.
name: Alonso-Herrero, A.
name: Combes, F.
name: Labiano, A.
name: Piqueras-López, J.
name: Rigopoulou, D.
name: van der Werf, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study molecular outflows in a sample of 25 nearby (z< 0.17, d<750 Mpc) ULIRG systems (38 individual nuclei) as part of the "Physics of ULIRGs with MUSE and ALMA" (PUMA) survey, using ~400 pc (0.1-1.0" beam FWHM) resolution ALMA CO(2-1) observations. We used a spectro-astrometry analysis to identify high-velocity (> 300 km/s) molecular gas disconnected from the galaxy rotation, which we attribute to outflows. In 77% of the 26 nuclei with $\log L_{IR}/L_{\odot}>11.8$, we identifid molecular outflows with an average $v_{out}= 490$ km/s, outflow masses $1-35 \times 10^7$ $M_{\odot}$, mass outflow rates $\dot{M}_{out}=6-300$ $M_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$, mass-loading factors $η= \dot{M}_{out}/SFR = 0.1-1$, and an average outflow mass escape fraction of 45%. The majority of these outflows (18/20) are spatially resolved with radii of 0.2-0.9 kpc and have short dynamical times ($t_{dyn}=R_{out}/v_{out}$) in the range 0.5-2.8 Myr. The outflow detection rate is higher in nuclei dominated by starbursts (SBs, 14/15=93%) than in active galactic nuclei (AGN, 6/11=55%). Outflows perpendicular to the kinematic major axis are mainly found in interacting SBs. We also find that our sample does not follow the $\dot{M}_{out}$ versus AGN luminosity relation reported in previous works. In our analysis, we include a sample of nearby main-sequence galaxies (SFR = 0.3-17 $M_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$) with detected molecular outflows from the PHANGS-ALMA survey to increase the $L_{IR}$ dynamic range. Using these two samples, we find a correlation between the outflow velocity and the SFR, as traced by $L_{IR}$ ($v_{out} \propto SFR^{0.25\pm0.01})$, which is consistent with what was found for the atomic ionised and neutral phases. Using this correlation, and the relation between $M_{out}/R_{out}$ and $v_{out}$, we conclude that these outflows are likely momentum-driven.
description: 27 pages, 23 figures; Appendix: 49 pages, 41 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics. Typo corrected in Table 1 for galaxy 19297-0406
RAQAMLI BOZORDA USTUN MAVQENI SUIISTE'MOL QILISHNING EKSKLYUZIV SHAKLI
Creators: name: Razzaqova, E'zoza
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ushbu tezisda rivojlanib borayotgan raqamli bozorlarda raqobat muhiti hamda ustun mavqega ega subyektlarning o‘z raqobatchilariga qarshi raqobat qonunlarini cheklovchi xatti-harakatlari haqida so‘z boradi. Google, Uber singari raqamli bozor ishtirokchilarining o‘z ustun mavqelarini suiiste’mol qilish holatlari tahlil qilinadi.
title: The Role of Bargaining Power
title: Die Rolle der Verhandlungsmacht
title: How Unions Affect Income Distribution
titleType: Subtitle
title: Der Einfluss der Gewerkschaften auf die Einkommensverteilung
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Victor, Vincent
Publisher: name: Universitätsverlag Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: Neoclassical theory omits the role of bargaining power in the determination of wages. As a result, the importance of changes in the bargaining position for the development of income shares in the last decades is underestimated. This paper presents a theoretical argument why collective bargaining power is a main determinant of workers’ share of income and how its decline contributed to the severe changes in the distribution of income since the 1980s. In order to confirm this hypothesis, a panel data regression analysis is performed that suggests that unions significantly influence the distribution of income in developed countries.
description: Die Verhandlungsmacht der beteiligten Akteure bei der Lohnfindung spielt in der neoklassischen Theorie nur eine untergeordnete Rolle. Dementsprechend wird auch ihre Bedeutung für die Entwicklung der Einkommensverteilung unterschätzt. Diese Arbeit präsentiert eine theoretische Argumentation, warum die kollektive Verhandlungsmacht der Arbeitnehmer einer der wichtigsten Bestimmungsfaktoren der Einkommensverteilung ist und wie der Rückgang eben dieser zu den tiefgreifenden Veränderungen in der Einkommensverteilung seit den 1980ern beigetragen hat. Die Hypothese wird durch eine Panelregression gestützt, die auf einen signifikanten Einfluss von Gewerkschaften und Tarifverhandlungen auf die Einkommensverteilung in Industrieländern in den letzten Jahrzehnten hindeutet.
description: Potsdam Economic Papers, 6
Superconductivity from spoiling magnetism in the Kondo lattice model
Creators: name: Asadzadeh, Mohammad Zhian
name: Fabrizio, Michele
name: Becca, Federico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find evidence that superconductivity intrudes into the paramagnetic-to-magnetic transition of the Kondo lattice model if magnetic frustration is added. Specifically, we study by variational method the model on a square lattice in the presence of both nearest- ($t$) and next-nearest-neighbor ($t^\prime$) hopping of the conduction electrons. We find that when $t^\prime/t$ is finite a $d$-wave superconducting dome emerges between the magnetic and paramagnetic metal phases and close to the compensated regime, i.e., the number of conduction electrons equal to the number of localized spin-1/2 moments. Superconductivity is further strengthened by a direct antiferromagnetic exchange between the localized moments, to such an extent that we even observe coexistence with magnetic order.
title: The complete mitochondrial genome of a European fire-bellied toad (Bombina bombina) from Germany
Creators: name: De Cahsan, Binia
name: Westbury, Michael V
name: Drews, Hauke
name: Tiedemann, Ralph
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: The European fire-bellied toad, Bombina bombina, is a small aquatic toad belonging to the family Bombinatoridae. The species is native to the lowlands of Central and Eastern Europe, where population numbers have been in decline in recent past decades. Here, we present the first complete mitochondrial genome of the endangered European fire-bellied toad from Northern Germany recovered using iterative mapping. Phylogenetic analyses including other representatives of the Bombinatoridae placed our German specimen as sister to a Polish B. bombina sequence with high support. This finding is congruent with the postulated Pleistocene history of the species. Our complete mitochondrial genome represents an important resource for further population analysis of the European fire-bellied toad, especially those found within Germany.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, 532
High-rate quantum cryptography in untrusted networks
Creators: name: Pirandola, Stefano
name: Ottaviani, Carlo
name: Spedalieri, Gaetana
name: Weedbrook, Christian
name: Braunstein, Samuel L.
name: Lloyd, Seth
name: Gehring, Tobias
name: Jacobsen, Christian S.
name: Andersen, Ulrik L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the field of continuous-variable quantum cryptography to a network formulation where two honest parties connect to an untrusted relay by insecure quantum links. To generate secret correlations, they transmit coherent states to the relay where a continuous-variable Bell detection is performed and the outcome broadcast. Even though the detection could be fully corrupted and the links subject to optimal coherent attacks, the honest parties can still extract a secret key, achieving high rates when the relay is proximal to one party, as typical in public networks with access points or proxy servers. Our theory is confirmed by an experiment generating key-rates which are orders of magnitude higher than those achievable with discrete-variable protocols. Thus, using the cheapest possible quantum resources, we experimentally show the possibility of high-rate quantum key distribution in network topologies where direct links are missing between end-users and intermediate relays cannot be trusted.
description: Theory and Experiment. Main article (6 pages) plus Supplementary Information (additional 13 pages)
Right-angled Artin subgroups of the $C^{\infty}$ diffeomorphism group of the real line
Creators: name: Baik, Hyungryul
name: Kim, Sang-hyun
name: Koberda, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove that every right-angled Artin group embeds into the $C^{\infty}$ diffeomorphism group of the real line. As a corollary, we show every limit group, and more generally every countable residually RAAG group, embeds into the $C^{\infty}$ diffeomorphism group of the real line.
description: Very small changes following a referee report. To appear in Israel J. Math
On certain 2-categories admitting localisation by bicategories of fractions
Creators: name: Roberts, David Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: primary 18D05, secondary 18F10, 18E35

description: Pronk's theorem on bicategories of fractions is applied, in almost all cases in the literature, to 2-categories of geometrically presentable stacks on a 1-site. We give an proof that subsumes all previous such results and which is purely 2-categorical in nature, ignoring the nature of the objects involved. The proof holds for 2-categories that are not (2,1)-categories, and we give conditions for local essential smallness.
description: Focus changed after referee report; results now much more general. Final accepted version. Released under a CC0 license (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/)
Whose Opinion to follow in Multihypothesis Social Learning? A Large Deviations Perspective
Creators: name: Tay, Wee Peng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider a multihypothesis social learning problem in which an agent has access to a set of private observations and chooses an opinion from a set of experts to incorporate into its final decision. To model individual biases, we allow the agent and experts to have general loss functions and possibly different decision spaces. We characterize the loss exponents of both the agent and experts, and provide an asymptotically optimal method for the agent to choose the best expert to follow. We show that up to asymptotic equivalence, the worst loss exponent for the agent is achieved when it adopts the 0-1 loss function, which assigns a loss of 0 if the true hypothesis is declared and a loss of 1 otherwise. We introduce the concept of hypothesis-loss neutrality, and show that if the agent adopts a particular policy that is hypothesis-loss neutral, then it ignores all experts whose decision spaces are smaller than its own. On the other hand, if experts have the same decision space as the agent, then choosing an expert with the same loss function as itself is not necessarily optimal for the agent, which is somewhat counter-intuitive. We derive sufficient conditions for when it is optimal for the agent with 0-1 loss function to choose an expert with the same loss function.
description: Submitted to IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing