Hipposideros pygmaeus
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Mittermeier, Russell A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Chiroptera
Hipposideridae
Hipposideros
Hipposideros pygmaeus

description: 86. Philippine Pygmy Leaf-nosed Bat <i>Hipposideros pygmaeus</i> <b>French:</b> Phyllorhine pygmée / <b>German:</b> Kleine Philippinen-Rundblattnase / <b>Spanish:</b> Hiposidérido filipino pequeno <b>Other common names:</b> Philippine Pygmy Roundleaf Bat <b>Taxonomy.</b> Rhinolophus pygmaeus Waterhouse, 1843, “ Philippine Islands.” Hipposideros pygmaeus was formerly included in the bicolor species group, but its position in the phylogeny is unclear and its taxonomy requires further study. Monotypic. <b>Distribution.</b> Endemic to Philippines (S Luzon, Polillo, Marinduque, Samar, Panay, Negros, Cebu, Bohol, and N Mindanao). <b>Descriptive notes.</b> Head—body 57—73 mm, tail 18—27 mm, ear 11—15 mm, hindfoot 6—8 mm, forearm 37—41 mm; weight 4 g. Ears of the Philippine Pygmy Leaf-nosed Bat are triangular, with a broad base, and concave below tip; they are haired for half of their length. Noseleaf is large and complex. Anterior noseleaf is broad and has two pairs of supplementary lateral leaflets. Unlike posterior pair of leaflets, anterior pair meets beneath anterior noseleaf. Inflated intermediate leaf has no median emarginations. Posterior leaf is broad, with semicircular upper margin and with three vertical septa, which from four cells. Frontal sac only present in males. Fur is dark brown with whitish bases on dorsum; on ventral part pelage is brown, darker at base of hairs. <b>Habitat.</b> Primary and secondary lowland forest. The Philippine Pygmy Leaf-nosed Bat has been reported from sea level up to 200 m. <b>Food and Feeding.</b> The Philippine Pygmy Leaf-nosed Bat probably forages in cluttered areas of forest Common prey of this species includes Araneae, Lepidoptera, Diptera, Blattodea, and Psocoptera. <b>Breeding.</b> Maternity colonies are found in caves. <b>Activity patterns.</b> The Philippine Pygmy Leaf-nosed bat has been reported roosting in limestone caves and other underground habitats. Call frequency of the F segment is c.95-5 kHz. <b>Movements, Home range and Social organization.</b> The Philippine Pygmy Leaf-nosed Bat is a gregarious species and has been observed in caves, usually roosting in small groups, although large numbers have been reported in some caves. <b>Status and Conservation.</b> Classified as Least Concern on IUCNRed List. The Philippine Pygmy Leaf-nosed Bat has a relatively wide distribution and its population is thought to be large. In addition, it is considered to be tolerant of a degree of habitat degradation. Potential threats to this species could be disturbance at roosts, cave destruction, deforestation and mining, as well as local hunting in some areas. This species is hunted for food in parts of its range, although this does not seem to heavily harm the species. <b>Bibliography.</b> Heaney, Balete, Dolar eta/. (1998), Heaney, Balete, Ong, Rosell-Ambal,Tabaranza &amp; Esselstyn (2008), Hill (1963a), Ingle &amp; Heaney (1992), Phelps, Jose eta/. (2016),Tate (1941a).
description: Published as part of <i>Don E. Wilson &amp; Russell A. Mittermeier, 2019, Hipposideridae, pp. 227-258 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions</i> on page 257, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3739808