Point absorbers in Advanced LIGO
Creators: name: Brooks, Aidan F.
name: Vajente, Gabriele
name: Yamamoto, Hiro
name: Abbott, Rich
name: Adams, Carl
name: Adhikari, Rana X.
name: Ananyeva, Alena
name: Appert, Stephen
name: Arai, Koji
name: Areeda, Joseph S.
name: Asali, Yasmeen
name: Aston, Stuart M.
name: Austin, Corey
name: Baer, Anne M.
name: Ball, Matthew
name: Ballmer, Stefan W.
name: Banagiri, Sharan
name: Barker, David
name: Barsotti, Lisa
name: Bartlett, Jeffrey
name: Berger, Beverly K.
name: Betzwieser, Joseph
name: Bhattacharjee, Dripta
name: Billingsley, Garilynn
name: Biscans, Sebastien
name: Blair, Carl D.
name: Blair, Ryan M.
name: Bode, Nina
name: Booker, Phillip
name: Bork, Rolf
name: Bramley, Alyssa
name: Brown, Daniel D.
name: Buikema, Aaron
name: Cahillane, Craig
name: Cannon, Kipp C.
name: Cao, Huy Tuong
name: Chen, Xu
name: Ciobanu, Alexei A.
name: Clara, Filiberto
name: Compton, Camilla
name: Cooper, Sam J.
name: Corley, Kenneth R.
name: Countryman, Stefan T.
name: Covas, Pep B.
name: Coyne, Dennis C.
name: Datrier, Laurence E.
name: Davis, Derek
name: Difronzo, Chiara D.
name: Dooley, Katherine L.
name: Driggers, Jenne C.
name: Dupej, Peter
name: Dwyer, Sheila E.
name: Effler, Anamaria
name: Etzel, Todd
name: Evans, Matthew
name: Evans, Tom M.
name: Feicht, Jon
name: Fernandez-Galiana, Alvaro
name: Fritschel, Peter
name: Frolov, Valery V.
name: Fulda, Paul
name: Fyffe, Michael
name: Giaime, Joe A.
name: Giardina, Dwayne D.
name: Godwin, Patrick
name: Goetz, Evan
name: Gras, Slawomir
name: Gray, Corey
name: Gray, Rachel
name: Green, Anna C.
name: Gupta, Anchal
name: Gustafson, Eric K.
name: Gustafson, Dick
name: Hall, Evan
name: Hanks, Jonathan
name: Hanson, Joe
name: Hardwick, Terra
name: Hasskew, Raine K.
name: Heintze, Matthew C.
name: Helmling-Cornell, Adrian F.
name: Holland, Nathan A.
name: Jones, Jeff D.
name: Kandhasamy, Shivaraj
name: Karki, Sudarshan
name: Kasprzack, Marie
name: Kawabe, Keita
name: Kijbunchoo, Nutsinee
name: King, Peter J.
name: Kissel, Jeffrey S.
name: Kumar, Rahul
name: Landry, Michael
name: Lane, Benjamin B.
name: Lantz, Brian
name: Laxen, Michael
name: Lecoeuche, Yannick K.
name: Leviton, Jessica
name: Jian, Liu
name: Lormand, Marc
name: Lundgren, Andrew P.
name: Macas, Ronaldas
name: Macinnis, Myron
name: Macleod, Duncan M.
name: Mansell, Georgia L.
name: Marka, Szabolcs
name: Marka, Zsuzsanna
name: Martynov, Denis V.
name: Mason, Ken
name: Massinger, Thomas J.
name: Matichard, Fabrice
name: Mavalvala, Nergis
name: McCarthy, Richard
name: McClelland, David E.
name: McCormick, Scott
name: McCuller, Lee
name: McIver, Jessica
name: McRae, Terry
name: Mendell, Gregory
name: Merfeld, Kara
name: Merilh, Edmond L.
name: Meylahn, Fabian
name: Mistry, Timesh
name: Mittleman, Richard
name: Moreno, Gerardo
name: Mow-Lowry, Conor M.
name: Mozzon, Simone
name: Mullavey, Adam
name: Nelson, Timothy J.
name: Nguyen, Philippe
name: Nuttall, Laura K.
name: Oberling, Jason
name: Oram, Richard J.
name: Osthelder, Charles
name: Ottaway, David J.
name: Overmier, Harry
name: Palamos, Jordan R.
name: Parker, William
name: Payne, Ethan
name: Pele, Arnaud
name: Penhorwood, Reilly
name: Perez, Carlos J.
name: Pirello, Marc
name: Radkins, Hugh
name: Ramirez, Karla E.
name: Richardson, Jonathan W.
name: Riles, Keith
name: Robertson, Norna A.
name: Rollins, Jameson G.
name: Romel, Chandra L.
name: Romie, Janeen H.
name: Ross, Michael P.
name: Ryan, Kyle
name: Sadecki, Travis
name: Sanchez, Eduardo J.
name: Sanchez, Luis E.
name: Tiruppatturrajamanikkam, Saravanan R.
name: Savage, Richard L.
name: Schaetzl, Dean
name: Schnabel, Roman
name: Schofield, Robert M.
name: Schwartz, Eyal
name: Sellers, Danny
name: Shaffer, Thomas
name: Sigg, Daniel
name: Slagmolen, Bram J.
name: Smith, Joshua R.
name: Soni, Siddharth
name: Sorazu, Borja
name: Spencer, Andrew P.
name: Strain, Ken A.
name: Sun, Ling
name: Szczepanczyk, Marek J.
name: Thomas, Michael
name: Thomas, Patrick
name: Thorne, Keith A.
name: Toland, Karl
name: Torrie, Calum I.
name: Traylor, Gary
name: Tse, Maggie
name: Urban, Alexander L.
name: Valdes, Guillermo
name: Vander-Hyde, Daniel C.
name: Veitch, Peter J.
name: Venkateswara, Krishna
name: Venugopalan, Gautam
name: Viets, Aaron D.
name: Vo, Thomas
name: Vorvick, Cheryl
name: Wade, Madeline
name: Ward, Robert L.
name: Warner, Jim
name: Weaver, Betsy
name: Weiss, Rainer
name: Whittle, Chris
name: Willke, Benno
name: Wipf, Christopher C.
name: Xiao, Liting
name: Yu, Hang
name: Yu, Haocun
name: Zhang, Liyuan
name: Zucker, Michael E.
name: Zweizig, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Small, highly absorbing points are randomly present on the surfaces of the main interferometer optics in Advanced LIGO. The resulting nano-meter scale thermo-elastic deformations and substrate lenses from these micron-scale absorbers significantly reduces the sensitivity of the interferometer directly though a reduction in the power-recycling gain and indirect interactions with the feedback control system. We review the expected surface deformation from point absorbers and provide a pedagogical description of the impact on power build-up in second generation gravitational wave detectors (dual-recycled Fabry-Perot Michelson interferometers). This analysis predicts that the power-dependent reduction in interferometer performance will significantly degrade maximum stored power by up to 50% and hence, limit GW sensitivity, but suggests system wide corrections that can be implemented in current and future GW detectors. This is particularly pressing given that future GW detectors call for an order of magnitude more stored power than currently used in Advanced LIGO in Observing Run 3. We briefly review strategies to mitigate the effects of point absorbers in current and future GW wave detectors to maximize the success of these enterprises.
description: 49 pages, 16 figures. -V2: typographical errors in equations B9 and B10 were corrected (stray exponent of "h" was removed). Caption of Figure 9 was corrected to indicate that 40mW was used for absorption in the model, not 10mW as incorrectly indicated in V1