cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Detecting and diagnosing prior and likelihood sensitivity with power-scaling
Creators: name: Kallioinen, Noa
name: Paananen, Topi
name: Bürkner, Paul-Christian
name: Vehtari, Aki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Determining the sensitivity of the posterior to perturbations of the prior and likelihood is an important part of the Bayesian workflow. We introduce a practical and computationally efficient sensitivity analysis approach using importance sampling to estimate properties of posteriors resulting from power-scaling the prior or likelihood. On this basis, we suggest a diagnostic that can indicate the presence of prior-data conflict or likelihood noninformativity and discuss limitations to this power-scaling approach. The approach can be easily included in Bayesian workflows with minimal effort by the model builder and we present an implementation in our new R package priorsense. We further demonstrate the workflow on case studies of real data using models varying in complexity from simple linear models to Gaussian process models.
description: 31 pages, 15 (+5 suppl) figures
Coulomb screening and thermodynamic measurements in magic-angle twisted trilayer graphene
Creators: name: Liu, Xiaoxue
name: Zhang, Naiyuan James
name: Watanabe, K.
name: Taniguchi, T.
name: Li, J. I. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery of magic-angle twisted trilayer graphene (tTLG) adds a new twist to the family of graphene moiré. The additional graphene layer unlocks a series of intriguing properties in the superconducting phase, such as the violation of Pauli limit and re-entrant superconductivity at large in-plane magnetic field. In this work, we integrate magic-angle tTLG into a double-layer structure to study the superconducting phase. Utilizing proximity screening from the adjacent metallic layer, we examine the stability of the superconducting phase and demonstrate that Coulomb repulsion competes against the mechanism underlying Cooper pairing. Furthermore, we use a combination of transport and thermodynamic measurements to probe the isospin order, which points towards a spin-polarized and valley-unpolarized isospin configuration at half moiré filling, and for the nearby fermi surface. Our findings provide important constraints for theoretical models aiming to understand the nature of superconductivity. A possible scenario is that electron-phonon coupling stabilizes a superconducting phase with a spin-triplet, valley singlet order parameter.
The influence of environmental vertical wind shear on hurricane eye formation
Creators: name: Perez-Betancourt, Diamilet
name: Vigh, Jonathan
name: Bevirt, Brian
name: Chen, Shuyi
name: LaGrave, Marina
name: Colรณn-Pagรกn, Ian
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2010

Studies of tropical storms recognize eye formation as an important indicator of intensification toward a mature cyclone. However, the reason why some tropical storms form eyes while others do not is not well understood. Our goal is to identify large-scale environmental conditions that favor or inhibit hurricane eye formation. Although a variety of factors were considered, we focused on environmental vertical wind shear (EVWS) because it is often considered the most disruptive to storms. We compared nine North Atlantic basin storms from 2000-2008 for a 48-hour period centered on the time of eye formation or the time of peak intensity (if no eye formed). To select cases for detailed study, infrared and microwave satellite imagery, aircraft data, and best track data were used. Three categories were considered: storms that 1) successfully formed an eye (2001 Michelle, 2002 Isidore, 2005 Rita) 2) did not form an eye at all (2002 Chris, 2002 Edouard, 2005 Gamma), and 3) had a transient eye formation (2002 Gustav, 2005 Ophelia, 2008 Fay). We used Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction Scheme developmental data and Global Positioning System dropsonde data to compare these nine storms in terms of EVWS speed and direction. Storms that formed an eye had lower EVWS values than storms that did not form an eye at all. These results suggest that EVWS has a detrimental effect on eye formation. Understanding the structural changes in tropical cyclones as they intensify is essential for improving hurricane forecasting skill.
A Comparative Study of Nonlinear MPC and Differential-Flatness-Based Control for Quadrotor Agile Flight
Creators: name: Sun, Sihao
name: Romero, Angel
name: Foehn, Philipp
name: Kaufmann, Elia
name: Scaramuzza, Davide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Accurate trajectory tracking control for quadrotors is essential for safe navigation in cluttered environments. However, this is challenging in agile flights due to nonlinear dynamics, complex aerodynamic effects, and actuation constraints. In this article, we empirically compare two state-of-the-art control frameworks: the nonlinear-model-predictive controller (NMPC) and the differential-flatness-based controller (DFBC), by tracking a wide variety of agile trajectories at speeds up to 20 m/s (i.e.,72 km/h). The comparisons are performed in both simulation and real-world environments to systematically evaluate both methods from the aspect of tracking accuracy, robustness, and computational efficiency. We show the superiority of NMPC in tracking dynamically infeasible trajectories, at the cost of higher computation time and risk of numerical convergence issues. For both methods, we also quantitatively study the effect of adding an inner-loop controller using the incremental nonlinear dynamic inversion (INDI) method, and the effect of adding an aerodynamic drag model. Our real-world experiments, performed in one of the world's largest motion capture systems, demonstrate more than 78% tracking error reduction of both NMPC and DFBC, indicating the necessity of using an inner-loop controller and aerodynamic drag model for agile trajectory tracking.
Developing a hurricane damage index
Creators: name: Maina, Sandra
name: Done, James
name: Bruyere, Cindy
name: Delaney, Megan
name: Boone, Graylen
name: Gardiner, Lisa
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2010

Accurate information on damage caused by landfalling hurricanes benefits decision making and response of groups such as emergency managers and insurance companies. Estimates of potential damage made in advance of landfall using readily available storm information would provide useful guidance for preparations and rapid response. Currently, the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale serves as the main tool to assess a storm’s potential damage and solely depends on the storm’s maximum wind speed. This scale is effective in communicating a storm’s strength to the public; however, it does not accurately measure a hurricane’s potential damage. The purpose of this work is to develop a hurricane damage index based on physical properties of the storm. Through examination of previous indices, our methods in creating the Maina Hurricane Index (MHI) involved identifying and verifying the statistical relevance of several hurricane parameters by analyzing data from 13 historical storms. The index also incorporated the amount of human development, indicated by the number of housing units of an affected area, to account for coastal variability. Results showed that the best predictors for potential damage were the minimum central pressure and size of the storm defined by the radius of hurricane force winds. In comparison to five other existing hurricane indices, the MHI had the best correlation with damage for the 13 storms used in this study and also performed well in tests on an independent dataset of US landfalling storms of 2008. The MHI will be used to provide useful damage forecasts during the 2010 hurricane season.
A deep radio view of the evolution of the cosmic star-formation rate density from a stellar-mass selected sample in VLA-COSMOS
Creators: name: Malefahlo, Eliab D.
name: Jarvis, Matt J.
name: Santos, Mario G.
name: White, Sarah V.
name: Adams, Nathan J.
name: Bowler, Rebecca A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the 1.4GHz radio luminosity functions (RLFs) of galaxies in the COSMOS field, measured above and below the $5σ$ detection threshold, using a Bayesian model-fitting technique. The radio flux-densities from VLA-COSMOS 3-GHz data, are extracted at the position of stellar mass-limited near-infrared (NIR) galaxies. We fit a local RLF model, which is a combination of active galactic nuclei (AGN) and star-forming galaxy (SFG), in 10 redshift bins with a pure luminosity evolution (PLE) model. We show that the evolution strength is similar to literature values up to $z\sim 1.6$. Beyond $z\sim 2$, we find that the SFG RLF exhibits a negative evolution ($L^*$ moves to lower luminosities) due to the decrease in low stellar-mass sources in our stellar mass-limited sample at high redshifts. From the RLF for SFGs, we determine the evolution in the cosmic star-formation-rate density (SFRD), which we find to be consistent with the established behaviour up to $z\sim 1$. Beyond $z\sim 1$ cosmic SFRD declines if one assumes an evolving infrared--radio correlation (IRRC), whereas it stays relatively higher if one adopts a constant IRRC. We find that the form of the relation between radio luminosity and SFR is therefore crucial in measuring the cosmic SFRD from radio data. We investigate the effects of stellar mass on the total RLF by splitting our sample into low ($10^{8.5} \leq M/\mathrm{M}_{\odot} \leq 10^{10}$) and high ($M>10^{10}\,\mathrm{M}_{\odot}$) stellar-mass subsets. We find that the SFRD is dominated by sources in the high stellar masses bin, at all redshifts.
description: 28 pages, 16 figures, 6 tables
Predicting nonlinear physical aging of glasses from equilibrium relaxation via the material time
Creators: name: Riechers, Birte
name: Roed, Lisa A.
name: Mehri, Saeed
name: Ingebrigtsen, Trond S.
name: Hecksher, Tina
name: Dyre, Jeppe C.
name: Niss, Kristine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The noncrystalline glassy state of matter plays a role in virtually all fields of materials science and offers complementary properties to those of the crystalline counterpart. The caveat of the glassy state is that it is out of equilibrium and therefore exhibits physical aging, i.e., material properties change over time. For half a century, the physical aging of glasses has been known to be described well by the material-time concept, although the existence of a material time has never been directly validated. We do this here by successfully predicting the aging of the molecular glass 4-vinyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one from its linear relaxation behavior. This establishes the defining property of the material time. Via the fluctuation-dissipation theorem, our results imply that physical aging can be predicted from thermal-equilibrium fluctuation data, which is confirmed by computer simulations of a binary liquid mixture.
description: Published in Science Advances
Communicating atmospheric science and research to diverse audiences using a field campaign
Creators: name: Clarke, Karl
name: Salazar, Vidal
name: Smith, Lesley
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2010

There are growing concerns among the nation’s leading science organizations about the American public’s lack of scientific literacy, participation in science, and understanding of the value of scientific research. Coupled with these concerns is the need to improve the communication of science and research to our diverse populations, and to include them in the scientific process. As these concerns extend to atmospheric processes, the effects could be magnified: the atmosphere dynamically changes from calm weather conditions to extreme high impact events that significantly affect community services and decision-making processes. However, efforts are under way to address these concerns by bridging the gap between science and community service. In recent years, research field campaigns have emerged as effective tools for communicating science and engaging science participation. They help to facilitate the understanding of atmospheric processes by the public, and their collected data sets are potentially useful for formal and informal science education and communication. Through funding from the National Science Foundation, campaigns such as T-PARC are being used to develop instructional materials to improve the public’s scientific knowledge, foster science literacy and participation, and to prepare the next generation of scientists from diverse backgrounds. In the present study, instructional materials have been presented in a variety of media with the goal of including these diverse audiences in the scientific conversation.
Transitional channel flow: A minimal stochastic model
Creators: name: Manneville, Paul
name: Shimizu, Masaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In line with Pomeau's conjecture about the relevance of directed percolation (DP) to turbulence onset/decay in wall-bounded flows, we propose a minimal stochastic model dedicated to the interpretation of the spatially intermittent regimes observed in channel flow before its return to laminar flow. Numerical simulations show that a regime with bands obliquely drifting in two stream-wise symmetrical directions bifurcates into an asymmetrical regime, before ultimately decaying to laminar flow. The model is expressed in terms of a probabilistic cellular automaton evolving von Neumann neighbourhoods with probabilities educed from a close examination of simulation results. It implements band propagation and the two main local processes: longitudinal splitting involving bands with the same orientation, and transversal splitting giving birth to a daughter band with orientation opposite to that of its mother. The ultimate decay stage observed to display one-dimensional DP properties in a two-dimensional geometry is interpreted as resulting from the irrelevance of lateral spreading in the single-orientation regime. The model also reproduces the bifurcation restoring the symmetry upon variation of the probability attached to transversal splitting, which opens the way to a study of the critical properties of that bifurcation, in analogy with thermodynamic phase transitions.
description: 21 pages, 16 figures. Identical to the published version except for the format and the spelling, here kept British but changed to American by the publisher
Photon-assisted electron transmission resonance through a quantum well with spin-orbit coupling
Creators: name: Zhang, Cun-Xi
name: Nie, Y. -H.
name: Liang, J. -Q.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the effective-mass approximation and Floquet theory, we study the electron transmission over a quantum well in semiconductor heterostructures with Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling and an applied oscillation field. It is demonstrated by the numerical evaluations that Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling eliminates the spin degeneracy and leads to the splitting of asymmetric Fano-type resonance peaks in the conductivity. In turn, the splitting of Fano-type resonance induces the spin- polarization-dependent electron-current. The location and line shape of Fano-type resonance can be controlled by adjusting the oscillation frequency and the amplitude of external field as well. These interesting features may be a very useful basis for devising tunable spin filters.
description: 10pages,4figures
Dequantizing the Quantum Singular Value Transformation: Hardness and Applications to Quantum Chemistry and the Quantum PCP Conjecture
Creators: name: Gharibian, Sevag
name: Gall, François Le
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Quantum Singular Value Transformation (QSVT) is a recent technique that gives a unified framework to describe most quantum algorithms discovered so far, and may lead to the development of novel quantum algorithms. In this paper we investigate the hardness of classically simulating the QSVT. A recent result by Chia, Gilyén, Li, Lin, Tang and Wang (STOC 2020) showed that the QSVT can be efficiently "dequantized" for low-rank matrices, and discussed its implication to quantum machine learning. In this work, motivated by establishing the superiority of quantum algorithms for quantum chemistry and making progress on the quantum PCP conjecture, we focus on the other main class of matrices considered in applications of the QSVT, sparse matrices.
 We first show how to efficiently "dequantize", with arbitrarily small constant precision, the QSVT associated with a low-degree polynomial. We apply this technique to design classical algorithms that estimate, with constant precision, the singular values of a sparse matrix. We show in particular that a central computational problem considered by quantum algorithms for quantum chemistry (estimating the ground state energy of a local Hamiltonian when given, as an additional input, a state sufficiently close to the ground state) can be solved efficiently with constant precision on a classical computer. As a complementary result, we prove that with inverse-polynomial precision, the same problem becomes BQP-complete. This gives theoretical evidence for the superiority of quantum algorithms for chemistry, and strongly suggests that said superiority stems from the improved precision achievable in the quantum setting. We also discuss how this dequantization technique may help make progress on the central quantum PCP conjecture.
description: 34 pages, presented at STOC 2022; v2: minor corrections and revisions (especially in Section 4.2); v3: minor edits; v4: slightly updated parameters in Theorem 2; v5: final journal version
Chiral singlet superconductivity in the weakly correlated metal LaPt3P
Creators: name: Biswas, P. K.
name: Ghosh, S. K.
name: Zhao, J. Z.
name: Mayoh, D. A.
name: Zhigadlo, N. D.
name: Xu, Xiaofeng
name: Baines, C.
name: Hillier, A. D.
name: Balakrishnan, G.
name: Lees, M. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological superconductors (SCs) are novel phases of matter with nontrivial bulk topology. They host at their boundaries and vortex cores zero-energy Majorana bound states, potentially useful in fault-tolerant quantum computation. Chiral SCs are particular examples of topological SCs with finite angular momentum Cooper pairs circulating around a unique chiral axis, thus spontaneously breaking time-reversal symmetry (TRS). They are rather scarce and usually feature triplet pairing: best studied examples in bulk materials are UPt3 and Sr2RuO4 proposed to be f-wave and p-wave SCs respectively, although many open questions still remain. Chiral triplet SCs are, however, topologically fragile with the gapless Majorana modes weakly protected against symmetry preserving perturbations in contrast to chiral singlet SCs. Using muon spin relaxation (muSR) measurements, here we report that the weakly correlated pnictide compound LaPt3P has the two key features of a chiral SC: spontaneous magnetic fields inside the superconducting state indicating broken TRS and low temperature linear behaviour in the superfluid density indicating line nodes in the order parameter. Using symmetry analysis, first principles band structure calculation and mean-field theory, we unambiguously establish that the superconducting ground state of LaPt3P is chiral d-wave singlet.
description: 12 pages, 12 figures
U-Turns at Signalized Intersections
Creators: name: Stamatiadis, Nikiforos
name: Kala, Teja Banu
name: Agent, Kenneth R.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: The objectives of the study were to examine the safety consequences from the installation of U-turns at signalized intersections in Kentucky and to develop a set of guidelines for using this alternative in the future. The literature review indicated that the use of U-turns is very effective in reducing delays as well as crash rates. The most efficient configuration is that of stop-controlled median U-turns. An analysis of the crash data shows that the U-turn design in the Kentucky locations did not result in a large number of crashes involving U-turning vehicles. Also, at the Somerset location where the design eliminated median crossovers between intersections, there was a decrease in total crashes. Potential factors that could affect the implementation of U-turns at intersections were examined. Using delay time as a measure of effectiveness, it was concluded that the presence of the U-turn enhances the operation of the corridor most likely due to the more efficient processing of vehicles at the downstream intersection. The study recommends that U-turns should be considered for corridors with peak volumes greater than 1,500 vph or for cases where the expected total turn volume is greater than 20 percent of the total approach volume.
Maintenance and Operations Plan for Intelligent Transportation Systems in Kentucky
Creators: name: Walton, Jennifer R.
name: Crabtree, Joseph D.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: This report presents a Maintenance and Operations Plan for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) in Kentucky. It was developed using substantial stakeholder input and provides recommendations and specific strategies for supporting and coordinating ITS maintenance and operations activities throughout the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet.  A literature review and national survey helped to identify other states and urban areas that had already completed work on ITS maintenance and operations. From this information, best practices were developed that represented the lessons learned and practices implemented (or suggested for implementation) by these states. Another survey was conducted to determine the current state of ITS maintenance and operations in Kentucky. In addition, a stakeholder forum was held to identify problems and potential solutions related to ITS maintenance and operations. The following tasks were accomplished as part of this project: a literature review and national survey; development of best practices; assessment of current operations; a stakeholder forum, and a development of the ITS maintenance and operations plan are included in this report.  Based on the best practices, Kentucky’s ITS maintenance and operations assessment survey, and data from the stakeholder forum, 41 specific recommendations were developed. These recommendations were organized into the following categories: planning/management of maintenance and operations; coordination and communications; documentation, tracking, monitoring, and evaluation; procurement; staffing; training; facilities and equipment; funding; and contracting.
Structural Inference of Hierarchies in Networks
Creators: name: Clauset, Aaron
name: Moore, Cristopher
name: Newman, M. E. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: One property of networks that has received comparatively little attention is hierarchy, i.e., the property of having vertices that cluster together in groups, which then join to form groups of groups, and so forth, up through all levels of organization in the network. Here, we give a precise definition of hierarchical structure, give a generic model for generating arbitrary hierarchical structure in a random graph, and describe a statistically principled way to learn the set of hierarchical features that most plausibly explain a particular real-world network. By applying this approach to two example networks, we demonstrate its advantages for the interpretation of network data, the annotation of graphs with edge, vertex and community properties, and the generation of generic null models for further hypothesis testing.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures
Sharp adaptive estimation of the drift function for ergodic diffusions
Creators: name: Dalalyan, Arnak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62M05, 62G07, 62G20 (Primary)

description: The global estimation problem of the drift function is considered for a large class of ergodic diffusion processes. The unknown drift $S(\cdot)$ is supposed to belong to a nonparametric class of smooth functions of order $k\geq1$, but the value of $k$ is not known to the statistician. A fully data-driven procedure of estimating the drift function is proposed, using the estimated risk minimization method. The sharp adaptivity of this procedure is proven up to an optimal constant, when the quality of the estimation is measured by the integrated squared error weighted by the square of the invariant density.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009053605000000615 in the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Laboratory study of natural gas clathrate hydrates
Creators: name: Detweiler, Raymond
name: Camilli, Richard
name: Ker Henze, David
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2010

Natural gas clathrate hydrate formation has been well studied, both in laboratory settings in in-situ. This study expanded on previous work by taking a novel approach to studying deep-sea hydrate formation by utilizing the principals of mass spectrometry and a high pressure/low temperature chamber to simulate and monitor extreme conditions that exist in the hydrate stability zone. Knowledge of exactly how a particular mixture of hydrocarbons tend to form hydrates in a given environment could have far-reaching applications in real-world situations, for example in oil spill responses, where these compounds have recently caused havoc during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. The concentration of light hydrocarbons in a sample of water was monitored by utilizing a gas permeable membrane inlet connected to a residual gas analyzer (RGA). It was hypothesized that a drop in instrument response would signify hydrate formation since hydrated compounds are too bulky to pass through the membrane. A significant drop in signal was indeed observed close to the hydrate stability curve during the initial experiment. Subsequent experiments performed at higher temperatures where hydrates cannot form, however, also exhibited the same drop in concentration, which clearly demonstrated that the drop in signal response was not associated with hydrate formation. This result will be beneficial for future hydrate studies with this chamber because it suggests that there was some instrumental or design error involved that will need to be addressed.
On the convergence rate of Bergman metrics
Creators: name: Zhou, Shengxuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the convergence rate of Bergman metrics on the class of polarized pointed Kähler $n$-manifolds $(M,L,g,x)$ with $\mathrm{Vol}\left( B_1 (x) \right) >v $ and $|\sec |\leq K $ on $M$. Relying on Tian's peak section method [Tian, 1990], we show that the $C^{1,α}$ convergence of Bergman metrics is uniform. At the end we discuss the sharpness of our estimates.
description: 31 pages, all comments are welcome. Peking Math J (2022)
System for Valuing Changes to Historic and Environmental Amenities
Creators: name: Thompson, Eric C.
name: Burnett, Jennifer M.
name: Stewart, Anna L.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: This report provides a model for estimating the impact of highway projects on the environment and cultural amenities. The model was developed by the University of Kentucky Center for Business and Economic Research and was supported by funding from the Academy for Community & Transportation Innovation, a venture between the University of Kentucky, The University of Louisville, and the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet. This model provides a tool that transportation officials can use to examine any project’s impact on historic or environmental amenities.  The model allows transportation officials to design their analysis for a particular highway project. Officials simply select the environmental or historic amenity impacted, the size of the impact (e.g., the number of acres impacted), the setting (rural versus urban), and the model will provide an estimated value and range of values for the amenity. This flexibility and transparency also makes the model useful for transportation officials as a tool for explaining amenity impacts to communities. An extended bibliography is also provided to cover additional areas relevant to the topic but not used directly in development of the model.
Syzygies, constant rank, and beyond
Creators: name: Härkönen, Marc
name: Nicklasson, Lisa
name: Raiţă, Bogdan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13N10, 13P25, 35G35, 49J45

description: We study linear PDE with constant coefficients. The constant rank condition on a system of linear PDEs with constant coefficients is often used in the theory of compensated compactness. While this is a purely linear algebraic condition, the nonlinear algebra concept of primary decomposition is another important tool for studying such system of PDEs. In this paper we investigate the connection between these two concepts. From the nonlinear analysis point of view, we make some progress in the study of weak lower semicontinuity of integral functionals defined on sequences of PDE constrained fields, when the PDEs do not have constant rank.
description: 21 pages
Audio recordings of elicitation
Creators: name: Andi Macahuachi, Delia Luisa
name: Michael, Lev
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: ash

description: 3 WAV audio recordings of elicitation sessions; includes a READ_ME file of bundle contents.
Summary of contents:
ash_20080619: Mother of files _01, _02
ash_20080619_01: Lexical elicitation by LDM: includes piedra, Sol/Dios/Luna, ayahuasca; some animals and fish.
ash_20080619_02: Lexical elicitation by LDM: includes some birds, plants, cultural items, tree; ‘yo solito soy’.
IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE LEGAL BASIS OF THE ARMED FORCES
Creators: name: Makhsadov Maksatullo Ismatovich, Candidate of Public Safety University of the Republic of Uzbekistan, doctor of philosophy (PhD) in legal sciences, associate professor.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The article analyzes the formation and development of legal documents regulating the activities of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Uzbekistan, and gives theoretical conclusions and proposals related to the systematization of military legal relations in the future.

Keywords: military legislation, Armed Forces, declaration, foreign policy, etc
The effects of the 8.2 ka event on the ITCZ in the tropical Atlantic
Creators: name: Burger, Matthew
name: Hauser, Rachel
name: Morrill, Carrie
name: Wagner, Amy
name: Behler, Tom
name: Pauzauskie, Dana
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2010

The 8.2 ka event, which occurred 8200 years before present, was a period of abrupt cooling that is recorded in multiple proxy records across the Northern Hemisphere. During this event, a cooling of 3.3°C ± 1.1°C, was estimated from Greenland ice cores and lasted about 150 years. Prior to the 8.2 ka event, the climate of the northern latitudes of the North Atlantic was similar to that of today. It is hypothesized that the 8.2 ka event was caused by release of fresh water from the proglacial Lake Agassiz into the Labrador Sea and North Atlantic Ocean. This fresh water flowed into the main subduction area of the North Atlantic. Density differences between the fresh and saline waters caused the thermohaline circulation to slow down, resulting in cooler surface temperatures over Greenland. While much of the proxy evidence for the 8.2 ka event is from the region surrounding the North Atlantic basin, recent evidence studies suggest impacts from the event extended beyond this region. This paper will consider the effects of the 8.2 ka event on the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Published studies on lake and ocean sediment cores and cave speleothems were considered. In addition, these proxy data were compared to NCAR CCSM3 model simulations of the 8.2 ka event to assess model accuracy. Study results indicate a southward shift of the ITCZ around 8.2 ka. The comparison between the 8.2 ka climate model simulations and the proxy data largely agree with model results, diverging most from the proxy data from the equator.
Federated Optimization of Smooth Loss Functions
Creators: name: Jadbabaie, Ali
name: Makur, Anuran
name: Shah, Devavrat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this work, we study empirical risk minimization (ERM) within a federated learning framework, where a central server minimizes an ERM objective function using training data that is stored across $m$ clients. In this setting, the Federated Averaging (FedAve) algorithm is the staple for determining $ε$-approximate solutions to the ERM problem. Similar to standard optimization algorithms, the convergence analysis of FedAve only relies on smoothness of the loss function in the optimization parameter. However, loss functions are often very smooth in the training data too. To exploit this additional smoothness, we propose the Federated Low Rank Gradient Descent (FedLRGD) algorithm. Since smoothness in data induces an approximate low rank structure on the loss function, our method first performs a few rounds of communication between the server and clients to learn weights that the server can use to approximate clients' gradients. Then, our method solves the ERM problem at the server using inexact gradient descent. To show that FedLRGD can have superior performance to FedAve, we present a notion of federated oracle complexity as a counterpart to canonical oracle complexity. Under some assumptions on the loss function, e.g., strong convexity in parameter, $η$-Hölder smoothness in data, etc., we prove that the federated oracle complexity of FedLRGD scales like $ϕm(p/ε)^{Θ(d/η)}$ and that of FedAve scales like $ϕm(p/ε)^{3/4}$ (neglecting sub-dominant factors), where $ϕ\gg 1$ is a "communication-to-computation ratio," $p$ is the parameter dimension, and $d$ is the data dimension. Then, we show that when $d$ is small and the loss function is sufficiently smooth in the data, FedLRGD beats FedAve in federated oracle complexity. Finally, in the course of analyzing FedLRGD, we also establish a result on low rank approximation of latent variable models.
description: 31 pages, double column format, 2 figures
Modeling of a piezoelectric micro-scanner
Creators: name: Chaehoi, A.
name: Begbie, M.
name: Cornez, D.
name: Kirk, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Computer Science (cs.OH)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Micro-scanners have been widely used in many optical applications. The micro-scanner presented in this paper uses multimorph-type bending actuators to tilt a square plate mirror. This paper presents a complete analytical model of the piezoelectric micro-scanner. This theoretical model based on strength of material equations calculates the force generated by the multimorphs on the mirror, the profile of the structure and the angular deflection of the mirror. The proposed model, used to optimize the design of the piezoelectric silicon micro-scanner, is intended for further HDL integration, allowing in this way system level simulation and optimization.
description: Submitted on behalf of EDA Publishing Association (http://irevues.inist.fr/EDA-Publishing)
Lindemann, Gerhard: Für Frömmigkeit in Freiheit
Creators: name: Voigt, Karl Heinz
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 61 Nr. 3 (2012): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 61, Heft 3
Towards application-specific query processing systems
Creators: name: Vasilas, Dimitrios
name: Shapiro, Marc
name: King, Bradley
name: Hamouda, Sara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Database systems use query processing subsystems for enabling efficient query-based data retrieval. An essential aspect of designing any query-intensive application is tuning the query system to fit the application's requirements and workload characteristics. However, the configuration parameters provided by traditional database systems do not cover the design decisions and trade-offs that arise from the geo-distribution of users and data. In this paper, we present a vision towards a new type of query system architecture that addresses this challenge by enabling query systems to be designed and deployed in a per use case basis. We propose a distributed abstraction called Query Processing Unit that encapsulates primitive query processing tasks, and show how it can be used as a building block for assembling query systems. Using this approach, application architects can construct query systems specialized to their use cases, by controlling the query system's architecture and the placement of its state. We demonstrate the expressiveness of this approach by applying it to the design of a query system that can flexibly place its state in the data center or at the edge, and show that state placement decisions affect the trade-off between query response time and query result freshness.
The Analytic Bethe Ansatz for a Chain with Centrally Extended su(2|2) Symmetry
Creators: name: Beisert, Niklas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the integrable structure of spin chain models with centrally extended su(2|2) and psu(2,2|4) symmetry. These chains have their origin in the planar AdS/CFT correspondence, but they also contain the one-dimensional Hubbard model as a special case. We begin with an overview of the representation theory of centrally extended su(2|2). These results are applied in the construction and investigation of an interesting S-matrix with su(2|2) symmetry. In particular, they enable a remarkably simple proof of the Yang-Baxter relation. We also show the equivalence of the S-matrix to Shastry's R-matrix and thus uncover a hidden supersymmetry in the integrable structure of the Hubbard model. We then construct eigenvalues of the corresponding transfer matrix in order to formulate an analytic Bethe ansatz. Finally, the form of transfer matrix eigenvalues for models with psu(2,2|4) symmetry is sketched.
description: 66 pages, v2: minor changes, references added, to appear in JSTAT
Basis Forecasting Performance of Composite Models: An Application to Corn and Soybean Markets
Creators: name: Ding, Kexin
name: Karali, Berna
name: Ding, Kexin
name: Karali, Berna
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: basis forecasting
subject: composite models
subject: futures markets
subject: information-theoretic forecast combinations

description: Numerous studies have examined the performance of different models on basis forecasting while none of them has compared relative performance of composite models. In order to further improve basis forecasting accuracy, the crux of hedge management strategies, we investigate basis forecasting performance of selected composite models, as well as various individual models. Empirical results based on weekly futures and cash prices for major North Carolina corn and soybean markets indicate that composite models have more stable and better performance in forecasting basis compared to individual models’ forecasts. The informationtheoretic forecast combination method is found to be superior among the composite models considered.
A case of thermodynamic failure in the Ginzburg--Landau approach to fluctuation superconductivity
Creators: name: Berger, Jorge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Ginzburg--Landau approach postulates an energy density, together with an interpretation for the supercurrent, and invokes Ohm's law. We consider quasi-one-dimensional nonuniform superconducting loops, either smooth or piecewise uniform, that enclose a magnetic flux, above the critical temperature. We evaluate the averages of the current and of the power released per unit length, due to thermal fluctuations. We consider three averages: canonical ensemble average, time-average using a time-dependent model, and canonical ensemble in the reciprocal space. All the evaluations imply that heat is absorbed in part of the loop and released in other part, despite the assumption that the loop is at uniform temperature.
description: Some editing after version 2
An insulating doped antiferromagnet with low magnetic symmetry as a room temperature spin conduit
Creators: name: Ross, Andrew
name: Lebrun, Romain
name: Baldrati, Lorenzo
name: Kamra, Akashdeep
name: Gomonay, Olena
name: Ding, Shilei
name: Schreiber, Felix
name: Backes, Dirk
name: Maccherozzi, Francesco
name: Grave, Daniel A.
name: Rothschild, Avner
name: Sinova, Jairo
name: Kläui, Mathias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report room temperature long-distance spin transport of magnons in antiferromagnetic thin film hematite doped with Zn. The additional dopants significantly alter the magnetic anisotropies, resulting in a complex equilibrium spin structure that is capable of efficiently transporting spin angular momentum at room temperature without the need for a well-defined, pure easy-axis or easy-plane anisotropy. We find intrinsic magnon spin-diffusion lengths of up to 1.5 μm, and magnetic domain governed decay lengths of 175 nm for the low frequency magnons, through electrical transport measurements demonstrating that the introduction of non-magnetic dopants does not strongly reduce the transport length scale showing that the magnetic damping of hematite is not significantly increased. We observe a complex field dependence of the non-local signal independent of the magnetic state visible in the local magnetoresistance and direct magnetic imaging of the antiferromagnetic domain structure. We explain our results in terms of a varying and applied-field-dependent ellipticity of the magnon modes reaching the detector electrode allowing us to tune the spin transport.
Tensor Network Renormalization Study on the Crossover in Classical Heisenberg and $\mathrm{RP^2}$ Models in Two Dimensions
Creators: name: Ueda, Atsushi
name: Oshikawa, Masaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the classical two-dimensional $\mathrm{RP^2}$ and Heisenberg models, using the Tensor-Network Renormalization (TNR) method. The determination of the phase diagram of these models has been challenging and controversial, owing to the very large correlation lengths at low temperatures. The finite-size spectrum of the transfer matrix obtained by TNR is useful in identifying the conformal field theory describing a possible critical point. Our results indicate that the ultraviolet fixed point for the Heisenberg model and the ferromagnetic $\mathrm{RP^2}$ model in the zero temperature limit corresponds to a conformal field theory with central charge $c=2$, in agreement with two independent would-be Nambu-Goldstone modes. On the other hand, the ultraviolet fixed point in the zero temperature limit for the antiferromagnetic Lebwohl-Lasher model, which is a variant of the $\mathrm{RP^2}$ model, seems to have a larger central charge. This is consistent with $c=4$ expected from the effective SO(5) symmetry. At $T >0$, the convergence of the spectrum is not good in both the Heisenberg and ferromagnetic $\mathrm{RP^2}$ models. Moreover, there seems no appropriate candidate of conformal field theory matching the spectrum, which shows the effective central charge $c \sim 1.9$. These suggest that both models have a single disordered phase at finite temperatures, although the ferromagnetic $\mathrm{RP^2}$ model exhibits a strong crossover at the temperature where the dissociation of $\mathbb{Z}_2$ vortices has been reported.
Verification of pre-convective environments in WRF 3-km forecasts using sounding data from the Verification of the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment (VORTEX 2)
Creators: name: Boone, Graylen
name: Dowell, David
name: Manning, Kevin
name: Dunnebecke, Joanne
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2010

The Weather Researching and Forecasting (WRF) model has been used operationally to predict weather. Previous studies have mentioned the difficulty of predicting convective weather accurately in Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models. The focus of this study is to examine the pre-convective environment in high-resolution WRF forecasts using sounding data. Pre-storm environments in the WRF 3-km forecasts from the NOAA Hazardous Weather Testbed (HWT) 2010 Spring Experiment were compared to sounding and observed radar data from the Verification of the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment (VORTEX2). Data from June 7, 9-11, and 13-15, of 2010 of the VORTEX2 field campaign were selected for comparison with model forecasts. The examined WRF 3-km forecasts were initialized at 0000 UTC on these days. Sounding data taken before storms initiated in the model and observations were compared to observe differences in the pre-convective environment. Significant differences included consistently warm profiles in the boundary layer and a weak or missing capping inversion in the model; however, above the boundary layer, the model temperature and wind profiles were fairly accurate. The differences seen in the profiles and radar composites suggest that a good long-term forecast (18-24 hr) is dependent upon a good short-term forecast (0-12 hr). Model vertical resolution may have been an issue in resolving capping inversions. The VORTEX2 data set proved valuable in evaluating model representation of the pre-convective environment. These findings reveal the need for further investigation into the high-resolution WRF forecast capabilities to represent the pre-convective and/or convective environment