cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Plasma Upflows Induced by Magnetic Reconnection Above an Eruptive Flux Rope
Creators: name: Baker, Deborah
name: Mihailescu, Teodora
name: Demoulin, Pascal
name: Green, Lucie M.
name: van Driel-Gesztelyi, Lidia
name: Valori, Gherardo
name: Brooks, David H.
name: Long, David M.
name: Janvier, Miho
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the major discoveries of Hinode's Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) is the presence of upflows at the edges of active regions. As active regions are magnetically connected to the large-scale field of the corona, these upflows are a likely contributor to the global mass cycle in the corona. Here we examine the driving mechanism(s) of the very strong upflows with velocities in excess of 70 km/s, known as blue-wing asymmetries, observed during the eruption of a flux rope in AR 10977 (eruptive flare SOL2007-12-07T04:50). We use Hinode/EIS spectroscopic observations combined with magnetic-field modeling to investigate the possible link between the magnetic topology of the active region and the strong upflows. A Potential Field Source Surface (PFSS) extrapolation of the large-scale field shows a quadrupolar configuration with a separator lying above the flux rope. Field lines formed by induced reconnection along the separator before and during the flux-rope eruption are spatially linked to the strongest blue-wing asymmetries in the upflow regions. The flows are driven by the pressure gradient created when the dense and hot arcade loops of the active region reconnect with the extended and tenuous loops overlying it. In view of the fact that separator reconnection is a specific form of the more general quasi-separatrix (QSL) reconnection, we conclude that the mechanism driving the strongest upflows is, in fact, the same as the one driving the persistent upflows of approx. 10 - 20 km/s observed in all active regions.
Resampling methods for spatial regression models under a class of stochastic designs
Creators: name: Lahiri, S. N.
name: Zhu, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62G09 (Primary) 62M30 (Secondary)

description: In this paper we consider the problem of bootstrapping a class of spatial regression models when the sampling sites are generated by a (possibly nonuniform) stochastic design and are irregularly spaced. It is shown that the natural extension of the existing block bootstrap methods for grid spatial data does not work for irregularly spaced spatial data under nonuniform stochastic designs. A variant of the blocking mechanism is proposed. It is shown that the proposed block bootstrap method provides a valid approximation to the distribution of a class of M-estimators of the spatial regression parameters. Finite sample properties of the method are investigated through a moderately large simulation study and a real data example is given to illustrate the methodology.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009053606000000551 in the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
The effect of nitriding on the humidity sensing properties of hydrogenated amorphous carbon films
Creators: name: Frattini, Giuliano
name: Torres, Sindry
name: Silva, Leonel I
name: Repetto, Carlos E
name: Gómez, Bernardo J
name: Dobry, Ariel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the effect of nitriding on the humidity sensing properties of hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) films. The films were prepared in two stages combining the techniques of physical deposition in vapor phase evaporation (PAPVD) and plasma pulsed nitriding. By deconvolution of the Raman spectrum we identified two peaks corresponding to the D and G modes characteristic of a-C:H. After the N$_2$-H$_2$ plasma treating, the peaks narrowed and shifted to the right, which we associated with the incorporation of N into the structure. We compared the sensitivity to the relative humidity (RH) of the films before and after the N$_2$-H$_2$ plasma treatment. The nitriding improved the humidity sensitivity measured as the low frequency resistance. By impedance spectroscopy we studied the frequency dependence of the AC conductivity $σ$ at different RH conditions. Before nitriding $σ(ω)\sim A ω^s$, it seemed to have the universal behaviour seen in other amorphous systems. The humidity changed the overall scale $A$. After nitriding, the exponent $s$ increased, and became RH dependent. We associated this behaviour to the change of the interaction mechanism between the water molecule and the substrate when the samples were nitriding.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
Nucleon-antinucleon Interaction from the Modified Skyrme Model
Creators: name: Ding, Gui-Jun
name: Yan, Mu-Lin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the static nucleon-antinucleon interaction potential from the modified Skyrme model with additional $B^μB_μ$ term using the product ansatz. The static properties of single baryon are improved in the modified Skyrme model. State mixing is taken into account by perturbation theory, which substantially increases the strength of the central attraction. We obtain a long and mid range potential which is in qualitative agreement with some phenomenological potentials.
description: 21 pages, 7 figure
The Winnipeg core area initiative : a case study in urban revitalisation
Creators: name: Stewart, Dana Gayle
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2008

description: Inner-city revitalisation poses perhaps the most complex challenge faced by urban planners today. This dissertation explores the role of planning in urban restructuring by providing a critical empirical investigation into a major Canadian tripartite planning intervention that spans a decade -- The Winnipeg Core Area Initiative (1981 to 1991). The purpose of the dissertation is to study the Winnipeg Core Area Initiative (CM) as a prototypical model for urban regeneration and public-policy intervention, to determine the strengths and weaknesses of the CAI, and to evaluate the impact that this urban intervention had over a period of ten years. Backed by a comparative analysis of urban regeneration efforts in Great Britain and the United States, it explores the concept of "distress" in inner-city areas and attempts to answer the questions: Distress -- who can relieve it and how? The case-study method is used for an evaluation of the CAI that includes content analysis of published materials produced about, and for, the Initiative and public-attitude surveys and newspaper reports over the period 1981 to 1991. The results of interviews with twenty-five "key or core players" provide qualitative data that enriches the dissertation by presenting a picture of the CAI that is missing from evaluation reports commissioned by the tripartite partners or from published commentaries on the Initiative. This case study reveals an urban intervention strategy with objectives that were conceptually broad and comprehensive, perhaps too much so for the level of financial and organisational resources available and the level of public expectations that was raised. While the model was an excellent vehicle to harmonise scarce public resources and leverage private investment, this study reveals a disjunction between policy intent and policy implementation in attempting to balance economic development with disparity relief efforts. This dissertation concludes that there are components of the CAI model that provide valuable instruction for urban restructuring but it is unlikely that the model as originally designed, could, or should, be replicated. The importance of this study is to provide a broad examination of the theoretical framework behind the Winnipeg CAI as an instrument for urban public policy that will assist future planning-and-policy formation attempts in urban revitalisation and strengthen the public and private ability to generate comprehensive, strategic and cohesive urban policy.
Structured LISTA for Multidimensional Harmonic Retrieval
Creators: name: Fu, Rong
name: Liu, Yimin
name: Huang, Tianyao
name: Eldar, Yonina C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Learned iterative shrinkage thresholding algorithm (LISTA), which adopts deep learning techniques to learn optimal algorithm parameters from labeled training data, can be successfully applied to small-scale multidimensional harmonic retrieval (MHR) problems. However, LISTA computationally demanding for large-scale MHR problems because the matrix size of the learned mutual inhibition matrix exhibits quadratic growth with the signal length. These large matrices consume costly memory/computation resources and require a huge amount of labeled data for training, restricting the applicability of the LISTA method. In this paper, we show that the mutual inhibition matrix of a MHR problem naturally has a Toeplitz structure, which means that the degrees of freedom (DoF) of the matrix can be reduced from a quadratic order to a linear order. By exploiting this characteristic, we propose a structured LISTA-Toeplitz network, which imposes a Toeplitz structure restriction on the mutual inhibition matrices and applies linear convolution instead of the matrix-vector multiplication involved in the traditional LISTA network. Both simulation and field test for air target detection with radar are carried out to validate the performance of the proposed network. For small-scale MHR problems, LISTAToeplitz exhibits close or even better recovery accuracy than traditional LISTA, while the former significantly reduces the network complexity and requires much less training data. For large-scale MHR problems, where LISTA is difficult to implement due to the huge size of the mutual inhibition matrices, our proposed LISTA-Toeplitz still enjoys desirable recovery performance.
description: 13 pages,13 figures, 50 references
Preparation and characterization of bioadsorbent beads for chromium and zinc ions adsorption
Creators: name: Suhaib S. Salih
name: Tushar K. Ghosh
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Low-cost chitosan beads were prepared by dropping chitosan solution into an alkaline bath and then were used for Cr(VI) and Zn(II) ions adsorption from aqueous solution. Prepared chitosan beads were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The effect of solution-pH, contact time, initial ion concentration, and temperature on both metal ions adsorption was investigated. The kinetics of adsorption suggested a pseudo-second-order model fits better than pseudo-first-order model for both metals. The equilibrium adsorption isotherm of both metals matches well with the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity of chitosan beads was 79.56 mg Cr(VI)/g and 109.18 mg Zn(II)/g at initial ion concentration 1,000 mg/L, and temperature 10 °C. Thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption of Cr(VI) and Zn(II) ions onto chitosan beads was feasible, spontaneous, and exothermic under the studied conditions. While the chitosan beads enabled a good adsorption application, further lab work and field studies are necessary before using in a practical adsorption process.
A multipollutant evaluation of APEX using microenvironmental ozone, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations measured in Los Angeles by the exposure classification project
Creators: name: Johnson, Ted R.
name: Langstaff, John E.
name: Graham, Stephen
name: Fujita, Eric M.
name: Campbell, David E.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: This paper describes an operational evaluation of the US Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Air Pollution Exposure Model (APEX). APEX simulations for a multipollutant ambient air mixture, i.e. ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate matter 2.5 microns in diameter or less (PM2.5), were performed for two seasons in three study areas in central Los Angeles. APEX predicted microenvironmental concentrations were compared with concentrations of these three pollutants monitored in the Exposure Classification Project (ECP) study during the same periods. The ECP was designed expressly for evaluating exposure models and measured concentrations inside and outside 40 microenvironments. This evaluation study identifies important uncertainties in APEX inputs and model predictions useful for guiding further exposure model input data and algorithm development efforts. This paper also presents summaries of the concentrations in the different microenvironments.
Non-perturbative renormalisation of left-left four-fermion operators with Neuberger fermions
Creators: name: Dimopoulos, P.
name: Giusti, L.
name: Hernandez, P.
name: Palombi, F.
name: Pena, C.
name: Vladikas, A.
name: Wennekers, J.
name: Wittig, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We outline a general strategy for the non-perturbative renormalisation of composite operators in discretisations based on Neuberger fermions, via a matching to results obtained with Wilson-type fermions. As an application, we consider the renormalisation of the four-quark operators entering the Delta S=1 and Delta S=2 effective Hamiltonians. Our results are an essential ingredient for the determination of the low-energy constants governing non-leptonic kaon decays.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures
Orthogonal Constant Mappings in Isosceles Orthogonal Spaces
Creators: name: Mirzavaziri, M.
name: Moslehian, M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 39B55; 39B82; 39B52

description: In this paper we introduce the notion of orthogonally constant mapping in an isosceles orthogonal space and establish stability of orthogonally constant mappings. As an application, we discuss the orthogonal stability of the Pexiderized quadratic equation $f(x+y)+g(x+y)=h(x)+k(y)$.
description: 7 pages, to appear in Kragujevac Math. J
Stochastic Synchronization of Genetic Oscillator Networks
Creators: name: Li, Chunguang
name: Chen, Luonan
name: Aihara, Kazuyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The study of synchronization among genetic oscillators is essential for the understanding of the rhythmic phenomena of living organisms at both molecular and cellular levels. Genetic networks are intrinsically noisy due to natural random intra- and inter-cellular fluctuations. Therefore, it is important to study the effects of noise perturbation on the synchronous dynamics of genetic oscillators. From the synthetic biology viewpoint, it is also important to implement biological systems that minimizing the negative influence of the perturbations. In this paper, based on systems biology approach, we provide a general theoretical result on the synchronization of genetic oscillators with stochastic perturbations. By exploiting the specific properties of many genetic oscillator models, we provide an easy-verified sufficient condition for the stochastic synchronization of coupled genetic oscillators, based on the Lur'e system approach in control theory. A design principle for minimizing the influence of noise is also presented. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our theoretical results, a population of coupled repressillators is adopted as a numerical example. In summary, we present an efficient theoretical method for analyzing the synchronization of genetic oscillator networks, which is helpful for understanding and testing the synchronization phenomena in biological organisms. Besides, the results are actually applicable to general oscillator networks.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures
Twelve Ways To Fool The Masses When Giving Parallel-In-Time Results
Creators: name: Goetschel, Sebastian
name: Minion, Michael
name: Ruprecht, Daniel
name: Speck, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Getting good speedup -- let alone high parallel efficiency -- for parallel-in-time (PinT) integration examples can be frustratingly difficult. The high complexity and large number of parameters in PinT methods can easily (and unintentionally) lead to numerical experiments that overestimate the algorithm's performance. In the tradition of Bailey's article "Twelve ways to fool the masses when giving performance results on parallel computers", we discuss and demonstrate pitfalls to avoid when evaluating performance of PinT methods. Despite being written in a light-hearted tone, this paper is intended to raise awareness that there are many ways to unintentionally fool yourself and others and that by avoiding these fallacies more meaningful PinT performance results can be obtained.
Atomic-scale structural fluctuations of a plasmonic cavity
Creators: name: Rosławska, Anna
name: Merino, Pablo
name: Grewal, Abhishek
name: Leon, Christopher C.
name: Kuhnke, Klaus
name: Kern, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study fluctuations in plasmonic electroluminescence at the single-atom limit profiting from the precision of a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope. First, we investigate the influence of a controlled single-atom transfer on the plasmonic properties of the junction. Next, we form a well-defined atomic contact of several quanta of conductance. In contact, we observe changes of the electroluminescence intensity that can be assigned to spontaneous modifications of electronic conductance, plasmonic excitation and optical antenna properties all originating from minute atomic rearrangements at or near the contact. The observations are relevant for the understanding of processes leading to spontaneous intensity variations in plasmon-enhanced atomic-scale spectroscopies.
Some Features of the Production of Heavy-Quark-Containing Baryons in Electron-Positron Collisions
Creators: name: Baranov, S. P.
name: Slad, V. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The production of various heavy-quark-containing baryons in electron-positron annihilation is considered. On the basis of exact formulas that we obtained previously within full perturbation theory, new numerical calculations of the respective cross sections are performed, and simple approximate expressions are then constructed for the results of these calculations. The dependence of the total cross sections on the masses of constituent quarks is discussed. The application of the Peterson fragmentation function and a Reggeon-type fragmentation function to describing differential cross sections is analyzed.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures
Gravitational redshifting of galaxies in the SPIDERS cluster catalogue
Creators: name: Mpetha, C. T.
name: Collins, C. A.
name: Clerc, N.
name: Finoguenov, A.
name: Peacock, J. A.
name: Comparat, J.
name: Schneider, D.
name: Capasso, R.
name: Damsted, S.
name: Furnell, K.
name: Merloni, A.
name: Padilla, N. D.
name: Saro, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Data from the SPectroscopic IDentification of ERosita Sources (SPIDERS) are searched for a detection of the gravitational redshifting of light from $\sim\!20\,000$ galaxies in $\sim\!2500$ galaxy clusters using three definitions of the cluster centre: its Brightest Cluster Galaxy (BCG), the redMaPPer identified Central Galaxy (CG), or the peak of X-ray emission. Distributions of velocity offsets between galaxies and their host cluster's centre, found using observed redshifts, are created. The quantity $\hatΔ$, the average of the radial velocity difference between the cluster members and the cluster systemic velocity, reveals information on the size of a combination of effects on the observed redshift, dominated by gravitational redshifting. The change of $\hatΔ$ with radial distance is predicted for SPIDERS galaxies in General Relativity (GR), and $f(R)$ gravity, and compared to the observations. The values of $\hatΔ=-13.5\pm4.7$ km s$^{-1}$, $\hatΔ=-12.5\pm5.1$ km s$^{-1}$, and $\hatΔ=-18.6\pm4.8$ km s$^{-1}$ for the BCG, X-ray and CG cases respectively broadly agree with the literature. There is no significant preference of one gravity theory over another, but all cases give a clear detection ($>2.5σ$) of $\hatΔ$. The BCG centroid is deemed to be the most robust method in this analysis, due to no well defined central redshift when using an X-ray centroid, and CGs identified by redMaPPer with no associated spectroscopic redshift. For future gravitational redshift studies, an order of magnitude more galaxies, $\sim\!500\,000$, will be required-a possible feat with the forthcoming Vera C. Rubin Observatory, Euclid and eROSITA.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 11 pages, 10 figures
Effective field theory approach to light propagation in an external magnetic field
Creators: name: Hu, Xue-Peng
name: Liao, Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent PVLAS experiment observed the rotation of polarization and the ellipticity when a linearly polarized laser beam passes through a transverse magnetic field. The phenomenon cannot be explained in the conventional QED. We attempt to accommodate the result by employing an effective theory for the electromagnetic field alone. No new particles with a mass of order the laser frequency or below are assumed. To quartic terms in the field strength, a parity-violating term appears besides the two ordinary terms. The rotation of polarization and ellipticity are computed for parity asymmetric and symmetric experimental set-ups. While rotation occurs in an ideal asymmetric case and has the same magnitude as the ellipticity, it disappears in a symmetric set-up like PVLAS. This would mean that we have to appeal to some low-mass new particles with nontrivial interactions with photons to understand the PVLAS result.
description: 10 pages, no figures
Οι υπηρεσίες πληρωμών στην εσωτερική αγορά
Creators: name: Λυμούση, Σταυρούλα Αντωνίου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2017
Subjects: Υπηρεσίες Πληρωμών
Εσωτερική αγορά
Ενιαίος Χώρος Πληρωμών σε Ευρώ
Payment Services
Internal Market
Single Euro Payments Area

description: Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία έχει ως αντικείμενο τις Υπηρεσίες Πληρωμών στην εσωτερική αγορά. Σκοπός είναι η εξέταση των επί μέρους υπηρεσιών πληρωμών (μεταφορά πίστωσης, άμεση χρέωση, πληρωμή με πιστωτική/χρεωστική κάρτα) και των δημιουργούμενων εννόμων σχέσεων. Αναλύονται οι υποχρεώσεις ενημέρωσης που υπέχουν οι πάροχοι υπηρεσιών πληρωμών έναντι του χρήστη και μελετάται το συμβατικό πλαίσιο για την παροχή μιας υπηρεσίας πληρωμών. Στη συνέχεια, εξετάζονται τα στάδια για την εκτέλεση μιας πράξης πληρωμής. Συγκεκριμένα, η ενεργοποίηση της πράξης πληρωμής με την εντολή πληρωμής, η εξουσιοδότηση του παρόχου από τον χρήστη για την εκτέλεση της πράξης πληρωμής και η καθ’ εαυτή εκτέλεση της πράξης πληρωμής. Το τελευταίο μέρος πραγματεύεται τα ζητήματα ευθύνης του παρόχου υπηρεσιών πληρωμών σε περίπτωση μη εγκεκριμένης πράξης πληρωμής και σε περίπτωση πλημμελούς εκτέλεσης πράξης πληρωμής, αλλά και η ευθύνη σε περίπτωση καταχρηστικής χρήσης μέσου πληρωμών.
description: This thesis deals with the Payment Services in the internal market. The aim is to examine the individual payment services (credit transfer, direct debit, payment by credit/debit card) and the established legal relations. The thesis analyses the payment service provider’s obligation for information and the contractual framework envisaged to provide a payment service. Then, it examines the stages to execute a payment transaction. Specifically, the payment order, the payment service provider’s authorization by the user to execute the payment transaction and the execution of the payment transaction itself. The last part is devoted to the payment service provider’s liability in the case of an unauthorized payment transaction or defective execution of a payment transaction, and to the liability in the case of abusive use of a payment instrument.
f(R) Gravities à la Brans-Dicke
Creators: name: Rador, Tonguç
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend f(R) theories via the addition of a fundamental scalar field. The approach is reminiscent of the dilaton field of string theory and the Brans-Dicke model. f(R) theories attracted much attention recently in view of their potential to explain the acceleration of the universe. Extending f(R) models to theories with scalars can be motivated from the low energy effective action of string theory. There, a fundamental scalar (the dilaton), has a non-minimal coupling to the Ricci scalar. Furthermore beyond tree level actions will contain terms having higher (or lower) powers of R compared to the canonical Einstein-Hilbert term. Theories with f(R) will contain an extra scalar degree on top of the ad-hoc dilaton and mixing of these two modes around a stable solution is a concern. In this work we show that no mixing condition mandates the form $V_{1}(ϕ)f(R)+V_{2}(ϕ)R^{2}$ for the action.
Stability for Walls in Ferromagnetic Nanowire
Creators: name: Carbou, Gilles
name: Labbé, Stéphane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34D10, 34D05, 35K55

description: We study the stability of travelling wall profiles for a one dimensional model of ferromagnetic nanowire submitted to an exterior magnetic field. We prove that these profiles are asymptotically stable modulo a translation-rotation for small applied magnetic fields.
title: Making als Bildungsinnovation: Gelingensfaktoren aus Sicht der Schulentwicklung
Creators: name: Maurer, Björn
name: Ingold, Selina
Publisher: name: Publikationsserver der Pädagogischen Hochschule Thurgau
Year: 2023

description: Die Maker Education hält inzwischen auch in Schulen im deutschsprachigen Raum Einzug. Soll pädagogisches Making jedoch im Sinne einer Bildungsinnovation über punktuelle Ergänzungen des Lernangebots oder kurzzeitpädagogische Aktivitäten wie Maker Days oder Blockwochen hinausgehen und im Sinne eines holistischen Ansatzes methodisch und inhaltlich zum festen Bestandteil des Schulalltags werden, dann kann es als Schulentwicklungsprojekt «gelesen», als solches konzipiert, realisiert und analysiert werden. Auf der Basis eines partizipativen Aktionsforschungsprojekts mit fünf Pilotschulen in der Schweiz wird aufgezeigt, welche Herausforderungen die Implementierung pädagogischen Makings mit sich bringt und welche Faktoren ein solches Schulentwicklungsvorhaben stützen. Dabei werden die erhobenen Daten in dieser Zwischenauswertung im Sinne der extrahierenden qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse anhand von Apriori-Kategorien ausgewertet. Die Kategorien leiten sich von drei Modellen der Schulentwicklungsforschung sowie von der aktuellen Forschungsliteratur im Bereich Making und Schulentwicklung ab (Rolff 2019; Altrichter und Wiesinger 2004; Holtappels 2013). Die analysierten Gelingensfaktoren lassen sich im Schulentwicklungsmodell von Rolff verorten, wobei in diesem Beitrag auf Faktoren im Umfeld der Schule, in der Organisationsentwicklung sowie in der Personalentwicklung eingegangen wird mit dem Ziel, dass sie interessierte Schulen dabei unterstützen, pädagogisches Making einzuführen.
description: MedienPädagogik: Zeitschrift für Theorie und Praxis der Medienbildung, no. 56, p. 37
Trace Anomaly, Perelman's Functionals and the Cosmological Constant
Creators: name: Luo, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The trace anomaly and the cosmological constant problem are two typical breakdowns when applying the quantum principle to a general covariant or gravitational system. A quantum theory of spacetime reference frame is proposed and reviewed. We study the theory by functional method, and show that the trace anomaly of the theory is closely related to some of the Perelman's functionals. The functionals may provide us possible links between the trace anomaly and the cosmological constant. We find that to cancel the trace anomaly at the lab's scale up to very high energy, a cosmological constant is required which is consistent with observations. In the framework, an effective theory of gravity and possible observational effect are also discussed.
description: 14 pages, to be published in Classical and Quantum Gravity
Additional file 7: of ANXA2 promotes esophageal cancer progression by activating MYC-HIF1A-VEGF axis
Creators: name: Ma, Sai
name: Lu, Chen-Chen
name: Yang, Li-Yan
name: Wang, Juan-Juan
name: Wang, Bo-Shi
name: Cai, Hong-Qing
name: Hao, Jia-Jie
name: Xu, Xin
name: Cai, Yan
name: Zhang, Yu
name: Wang, Ming-Rong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Figure S6. The effect of ANXA2 phosphorylation on MYC mRNA expression. Real-time RT-PCR analysis of MYC mRNA expression in KYSE30 and KYSE150 cells transiently transfected with pcDNA3.1-ANXA2-Y23A or pcDNA3.1-ANXA2-Y23D for 48 h. MYC mRNA levels were normalized with the exogenously expressed ANXA2 level. (PDF 150 kb).
Polarization of Quasars: Resonant Line Scattering in the Broad Absorption Line Region
Creators: name: Wang, Hui-Yuan
name: Wang, Ting-Gui
name: Wang, Jun-Xian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent works showed that the absorbing material in broad absorption line (BAL) quasars is optically thick to major resonant absorption lines. This material may contribute significantly to the polarization in the absorption lines. In this paper, we present a detailed study of the resonant line scattering process using Monte-Carlo method to constrain the optical depth, the geometry and the kinematics of BAL Region (BALR). By comparing our results with observed polarized spectra of BAL quasars, we find: (1) Resonant scattering can produce polarization up to 9% at the absorption trough for doublet transitions and up to 20% for singlet transitions in radially accelerated flows. To explain the large polarization degree in the CIV, NV absorption line troughs detected in a small fraction of BAL QSOs, a nonmonotonic velocity distribution along the line of sight or/and additional contribution from the electron scattering region is required. (2) The rotation of the flow can lead to the rotation of the polarization position angle (PA) in the line trough. Large extending angle of BALR is required to produce the observed large PA rotation in a few BAL QSOs. (3) A large extending angle of BALR is required to explain a sub-trough in the polarized flux that was observed in a number of BAL QSOs. (4) The resonant-scattering can contribute a significant part of NV emission line in some QSOs, and may give rise to anomalous strong NV lines in these quasars. (5) The polarized flux and PA rotation produced by the resonant scattering in non-BAL is uniquely asymmetric, which may be used to test the presence of BALR in non-BAL QSOs.
description: 54 pages, 26 figures, accepted by ApJS, contact author by email for version with higher resolution figures
The physical and chemical structure of high-mass star-forming regions. Unraveling chemical complexity with the NOEMA large program "CORE"
Creators: name: Gieser, C.
name: Beuther, H.
name: Semenov, D.
name: Ahmadi, A.
name: Suri, S.
name: Möller, T.
name: Beltran, M. T.
name: Klaassen, P.
name: Zhang, Q.
name: Urquhart, J. S.
name: Henning, Th.
name: Feng, S.
name: Galván-Madrid, R.
name: Magalhães, V. de Souza
name: Moscadelli, L.
name: Longmore, S.
name: Leurini, S.
name: Kuiper, R.
name: Peters, T.
name: Menten, K. M.
name: Csengeri, T.
name: Fuller, G.
name: Wyrowski, F.
name: Lumsden, S.
name: Sánchez-Monge, Á.
name: Maud, L.
name: Linz, H.
name: Palau, A.
name: Schilke, P.
name: Pety, J.
name: Pudritz, R.
name: Winters, J. M.
name: Piétu, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use sub-arcsecond resolution ($\sim$0.4$''$) observations with NOEMA at 1.37 mm to study the dust emission and molecular gas of 18 high-mass star-forming regions. We combine the derived physical and chemical properties of individual cores in these regions to estimate their ages. The temperature structure of these regions are determined by fitting H2CO and CH3CN line emission. The density profiles are inferred from the 1.37 mm continuum visibilities. The column densities of 11 different species are determined by fitting the emission lines with XCLASS. Within the 18 observed regions, we identify 22 individual cores with associated 1.37 mm continuum emission and with a radially decreasing temperature profile. We find an average temperature power-law index of q = 0.4$\pm$0.1 and an average density power-law index of p = 2.0$\pm$0.2 on scales on the order of several 1 000 au. Comparing these results with values of p derived in the literature suggest that the density profiles remain unchanged from clump to core scales. The column densities relative to N(C18O) between pairs of dense gas tracers show tight correlations. We apply the physical-chemical model MUSCLE to the derived column densities of each core and find a mean chemical age of $\sim$60 000 yrs and an age spread of 20 000-100 000 yrs. With this paper we release all data products of the CORE project available at https://www.mpia.de/core. The CORE sample reveals well constrained density and temperature power-law distributions. Furthermore, we characterize a large variety in molecular richness that can be explained by an age spread confirmed by our physical-chemical modeling. The hot molecular cores show the most emission lines, but we also find evolved cores at an evolutionary stage, in which most molecules are destroyed and thus the spectra appear line-poor again.
description: 29 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Modifications by QCD transition and $e^+e^-$ annihilation on analytic spectrum of relic gravitational waves in accelerating universe
Creators: name: Wang, Shuang
name: Zhang, Yang
name: Xia, Tian-Yang
name: Miao, Hai-Xing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As predicted by quantum chromodynamics(QCD), around $T\sim 190$ MeV in the early universe, the QCD transition occurs during which the quarks are combined into the massive hadrons. This process reduces the effective relativistic degree of freedom, and causes a change in the expansion behavior of the universe. Similarly, the $e^+e^-$ annihilation occurred around $T\sim 0.5$ Mev has the same kind of effect. Besides, the dark energy also drives the present stage accelerating expansion. We study these combined effects on the relic gravitational waves (RGWs). In our treatment, the QCD transition and the $e^+e^-$ annihilation, each is respectively represented by a short period of expansion inserted into the radiation era. Incorporating these effects, the equation of RGWs is analytically solved for a spatially flat universe, evolving from the inflation up to the current acceleration, and the spectrum of RGWs is obtained, covering the whole range of frequency $>10^{-19}$ Hz. It is found that the QCD transition causes a reduction of the amplitude of RGWs by $\sim 20%$ in the range $>10^{-9} $ Hz, and the $e^+e^-$ annihilation causes a reduction $\sim 10%$ in the range $>10^{-12} $ Hz. In the presence of the dark energy, the combination of the QCD transition and the $e^+e^-$ annihilation, causes a larger reduction of the amplitude by $\sim 30% $ for the range $>10^{-9} $ Hz, which covers the bands of operation of LIGO and LISA. By analysis, it is shown that RGWs will be difficult to detect by the present LIGO, but can be tested by LISA for certain inflationary models.
description: 21 pages, 14 figures, to appear in PRD
Numerical demonstration of fluctuation dynamo at low magnetic Prandtl numbers
Creators: name: Iskakov, A. B.
name: Schekochihin, A. A.
name: Cowley, S. C.
name: McWilliams, J. C.
name: Proctor, M. R. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Direct numerical simulations of incompressible nonhelical randomly forced MHD turbulence are used to demonstrate for the first time that the fluctuation dynamo exists in the limit of large magnetic Reynolds number Rm>>1 and small magnetic Prandtl number Pm<<1. The dependence of the critical Rm_c for dynamo on the hydrodynamic Reynolds number Re is obtained for 16000 compared to Rm_c~60 for Pm>=1. Is is not as yet possible to determine numerically whether the growth rate of the magnetic energy is ~Rm^{1/2} in the limit Rm->infinity, as it should if the dynamo is driven by the inertial-range motions at the resistive scale.
description: revtex, 4 pages, 4 figures; final published version: minor edits, slightly improved numerical results
Resonant scattering of a single atom with gain: a wavefunction-diagrammatic approach
Creators: name: Donaire, Manuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We characterize the optical response of a three-level atom subjected to an incoherent pump and continuously illuminated with a weak, quasi-resonant probe field. To this end, we apply a wavefunction approach based on QED Hamiltonian perturbation theory which allows for a reduction of the atomic dynamics to that of an effective two-level atom, and for an implementation of the incoherent effects that respects unitarity. Using a diagrammatic representation, we identify and classify all the radiative processes. This allows us to compute the scattered power, the spontaneous emission, and the stimulated emission, as well as the total cross sections of extinction, absorption and scattering. We find that, beside a general enhancement of the linewidth and an attenuation of the spectral amplitudes, the pump reduces the nonradiative losses and provides gains in the form of stimulated emission and incoherent radiation. For sufficiently strong pump, gains and losses compensate, resulting in the vanishing of extinction. In particular, for negligible nonradiative losses, extinction vanishes for a pumping rate of $(1+\sqrt{5})/2$ times that of the natural decay.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures
Distributed quantum phase estimation with entangled photons
Creators: name: Liu, Li-Zheng
name: Zhang, Yu-Zhe
name: Li, Zheng-Da
name: Zhang, Rui
name: Yin, Xu-Fei
name: Fei, Yue-Yang
name: Li, Li
name: Liu, Nai-Le
name: Xu, Feihu
name: Chen, Yu-Ao
name: Pan, Jian-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Distributed quantum metrology can enhance the sensitivity for sensing spatially distributed parameters beyond the classical limits. Here we demonstrate distributed quantum phase estimation with discrete variables to achieve Heisenberg limit phase measurements. Based on parallel entanglement in modes and particles, we demonstrate distributed quantum sensing for both individual phase shifts and an averaged phase shift, with an error reduction up to 1.4 dB and 2.7 dB below the shot-noise limit. Furthermore, we demonstrate a combined strategy with parallel mode entanglement and multiple passes of the phase shifter in each mode. In particular, our experiment uses six entangled photons with each photon passing the phase shifter up to six times, and achieves a total number of photon passes N=21 at an error reduction up to 4.7 dB below the shot-noise limit. Our research provides a faithful verification of the benefit of entanglement and coherence for distributed quantum sensing in general quantum networks.
description: 22 pages, 5 figures plus Supplemental Materials
Low-Luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei: Are They UV-Faint and Radio Loud?
Creators: name: Maoz, Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Low-luminosity AGNs are perceived to be radio loud and devoid of a ``big blue bump'', indicating a transition from a radiatively efficient, geometrically thin, accretion disc in high-luminosity AGNs, to a geometrically thick, radiatively inefficient accretion flow at low luminosities and accretion rates. I revisit the issue of the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of low-luminosity AGNs using recently published, high-angular-resolution data at radio, UV, and X-ray wavelengths, for a sample of 13 nearby galaxies with LINER nuclei. I show that, contrary to common wisdom, low-luminosity AGNs have significant nonstellar UV flux, and UV/X-ray luminosity ratios similar, on average, to those of Seyfert 1 nuclei ~10^4 times more luminous. The alpha_ox index that quantifies this ratio is in the range between -0.8 to -1.4, and is below the extrapolation to low luminosities of the relation between alpha_ ox and UV luminosity observed at higher luminosities. In terms of radio loudness, most of the LINERs are indeed radio loud (or sometimes even ``super radio loud'') based on their radio/UV luminosity ratios, when compared to the most luminous quasars. However, the entire distribution of radio loudness has been shown to shift to higher radio/UV ratios at low AGN luminosities. In the context of this global shift, some LINERs (the majority) can be considered radio quiet, and some (from among those with black hole masses >~10^8.5 M_sun) are radio loud. The SEDs of low-luminosity (~10^40 erg/s) AGNs are thus quite similar to those of Seyferts up to luminosities of ~10^44erg/s, and there is no evidence for a sharp change in the SEDs at the lowest luminosities. Thin AGN accretion discs may therefore persist at low accretion rates, in analogy to some recent findings for Galactic stellar-mass accreting black holes.
description: MNRAS, in press
Τα εκλογικά συστήματα των χωρών της ευρώπης και η επίδραση τους στο κομματικό σύστημα
Creators: name: Γκιλφέσης, Σταμάτης Παναγιώτη
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2017
Subjects: Εκλογές-Κοινοβούλιο
Εκλογικά συστήματα
Elections-Parliament
Electoral system

description: Η παρακάτω εργασία αφορά κυρίως την καταγραφή και ανάλυση των εκλογικών συστημάτων αλλά και των αποτελεσμάτων των τελευταίων εκλογικών αναμετρήσεων για κάθε μια από τις 49 χώρες της Ευρώπης. σε μια πρώτη φάση, επιχειρείται μια εισαγωγή στην έννοια των εκλογικών συστημάτων, στις σημαντικότερες επιμέρους διαστάσεις τους αλλά και στις θεωρίες σχετικά με το είδος και το μέγεθος των επιδράσεων τους. κατόπιν, το μεγαλύτερο μέρος της εργασίας, ασχολείται με τη συστηματική και βαθιά ανάλυση των εκλογικών συστημάτων των χωρών της Ευρώπης, ενώ με τη βοήθεια των τελευταίων εκλογικών αποτελεσμάτων πραγματοποιείται η προσπάθεια να μελετηθούν στην πράξη κάποιες εκ των θεωρητικών επιδράσεων που καταγράφηκαν νωρίτερα.
description: The topic of the following study is the recording and the analysis of the electoral systems; but, also the results of the recent elections for each of the 49 European countries first of all, an introduction to the concept of electoral systems is being presented; as well as, an analysis of their most important various dimensions and the theories about the nature and magnitude of their effects. furthermore, the biggest part of the current paper deals with the systematic and deep analysis of the electoral systems of European countries; while, the aforementioned results of the latest elections are appearing to be vital for the practical study of some of the theoretical effects that have been analyzed in above chapters.
A semi-finite proof of Jacobi's triple product identity
Creators: name: Zhu, Jun-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: History and Overview (math.HO)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 33D15, 11F27

description: Jacobi's triple product identity is proved from one of Euler's $q$-exponential functions in an elementary way.
description: 2 pages, 0 figure
Socio-economic impacts of rural electrification in Tanzania
Creators: name: Groth, Annika
Publisher: name: International Journal of Sustainable Energy Planning and Management
Year: 2019

description: Recently, penetration rates of solar PV-systems increased drastically in rural Sub-Saharan Africa, and there will be less areas without electricity access altogether. Conversely, mini-grid systems are expected to be key in rural electrification because they allow for higher loads. Eventually, interconnection of national grids with mini-grid systems will gain importance. As a means to quantify the quality of energy access, the Multi-Tier-Framework no longer defines electrification as binary but multi-dimensional. This study compares effects of electrification on households connected to an interconnected mini-grid system with effects on households connected to off-grid energy systems in rural Tanzania. Relying on Propensity Score Matching, the analysis concludes that mean lumen and lighting hours in mini-grid electrified villages are significantly higher. Regarding usage of electrical equipment and expenditures for energy sources, minor differences are detected. However, lighting belongs to the most direct impacts of electrification and assumes an intermediary role in promoting further effects. The case study shows that off-grid technologies are important sources to bridge and narrow the “lighting gap” and can already meet a certain level of rural electricity demand. Pre-grid-electrified statuses and their socio-economic impacts need to be reflected in research as they build the foundation for further electrification measures.
description: International Journal of Sustainable Energy Planning and Management, Vol 21 (2019)