Macrosiphoniella (Asterobium) jaroslavi Stekolshchikov & Khruleva, 2015, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Stekolshchikov, Andrey V.
name: Khruleva, Olga A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Aphidomorpha
Aphididae
Macrosiphoniella
Macrosiphoniella jaroslavi

description: Macrosiphoniella (Asterobium) jaroslavi sp. nov.
(Figs. 34–51, Tabl. 5)
Type material. Holotype: apterous viviparous female, No. 10274, slide No. 6 “ Macrosiphoniella (Asterobium) jaroslavi sp. nov., 6.viii.2012, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Anadyrskiy District, near the village of Beringovskiy, Artemisia arctica Less., on apices of stem between flowers, and on flowers and undersides of leaves, leg. A.V. Stekolshchikov”. Paratypes (all specimens from the same locality as holotype): 6 apt., 1 al., 2 males and 6 ovip., No.10273, 6.viii.2012, Artemisia tilesii Ledeb.; 10 males and 71 ovip., No.10273- 9.VIII, 9–10.viii.2012, Artemisia tilesii, adults were reared from imm. transferred to plants in laboratory conditions; 1 fund., 10 apt., 1 al., 1 males and 9 ovip., No.10274, 6.viii.2012, Artemisia arctica; 1 males and 34 ovip. No.10274- 9.VIII, 9– 10.viii.2012, Artemisia arctica, adults were reared from imm. transferred to plants in laboratory conditions.
Etymology. New species is named in honor of the recently deceased great Czech aphidologist Jaroslav Holman.
Description. Fundatrix. Body broadly oval, 1.7 times as long as its width. Appearance of living specimens similar to that of apterous viviparous females. Cleared specimens with dark brown apex of 3rd antennal segment, distal part of 4th segment, whole of 5th–6th segments, ultimate rostral segment, apices of tibiae and tarsi; with brown distal half of siphunculi and 3rd rostral segment; and with light brown head, 1st–3rd (except apices of 3rd) and basal half of 4th antennal segments, legs (except apices of tibiae and tarsi), basal halves of siphunculi, subgenital and anal plates and cauda. Metathorax and abdominal dorsum without any sclerotization. Marginal and spinal tubercles absent. Head with weak traces of epicranial coronal suture. Third antennal segment with 20 small secondary rhinaria located in slightly swollen basal half of segment. Setae on trochanters weakly capitate. Siphunculi with polygonal reticulation on distal 0.36–0.37 of length, without setae.
Apterous viviparous female. Body oval, elongate oval or elliptical, 1.9–2.1 (2.0) times as long as its width. The living specimens green, yellow-green or green with yellow-green abdomen, dull glistening, without waxy pulverulence; frons yellow-brown or dirty yellow-green, antennae dark with pale base of 3rd antennal segment, legs pale green or grey-green with dark apices of femora and tibiae, and tarsi; siphunculi dark, sometimes pale at the very base; cauda pale yellow-brown, grey or dark grey. Cleared specimens with dark brown antennae (only base of 3rd segment pale, but sometimes 3rd dark only at apices and 4th dark only on distal part); dark brown ultimate rostral segments, apices of femora and tibiae, tarsi and siphunculi; with head, prothorax, sclerites at bases of coxae, sclerites and band on metathorax and tergites of abdomen brown; with legs (except apices of femora and tibiae and tarsi), subgenital and anal plates and cauda light-brown. Metathorax and abdominal dorsum with rows of small sclerites at bases of setae (width of sclerites 1.8–4.4 times as long as width of base of setae); sclerites on tergite VII sometimes fused to form a short band in middle of tergite; ante- and postsiphuncular sclerites absent, but sometimes small sclerites on tergite V in front of the siphunculi are fused to form thin and fragmented antesiphuncular sclerites. Surface of head and dorsal side of thorax and abdominal tergites I–VI smooth, sometimes slightly wrinkled; surface of abdominal tergites VII–VIII with long rows of small blunt spinules; surface of ventral side of thorax and abdomen with more-or-less long rows of small pointed spinules sometimes forming strongly stretched reticulate cells. Setae on dorsal surface of thorax and abdomen weakly capitate, on ventral surface pointed, finely pointed or rarely blunt. Marginal tubercles (unpaired or rarely paired) were often present on abdominal segment II–IV; total number of marginal tubercles on whole body 0–5 (0.5–2.0). Marginal tubercles small (medial diameter of siphunculus 4.9–9.2 (7.4) times as long as width of the largest marginal tubercle), strongly protuberant from semicircular up to papilliform or elongated cone-shaped, diameter of tubercles 0.7–2.0 times as long as high. Spinal tubercles absent. Head without traces of epicranial coronal suture. Frontal tubercles moderately developed, antennal tubercles high, divergent, median tubercle indistinct, almost invisible. Setae on dorsal side of head weakly capitate, on ventral side—blunt or weakly capitate. Antennae 6-segmented, 1st–3rd antennal segments slightly wrinkled, almost smooth (only apices of 3rd segment sometimes with some hardly visible scales), 4th–6th segments with large scales which are almost invisible on 4th segment but well-defined on 5th–6th segments. Third antennal segment with 54–101 (69.8–84.0) small secondary rhinaria distributed over almost the entire length of the segment, 4th and 5th segment without rhinaria. Antennae with weakly capitate, blunt or pointed (on 6th segment) setae. Rostrum reaching meso- or metathorax. Ultimate rostral segment elongate wedge-shaped with straight or weakly convex sides, 2.20–3.63 (2.78) times as long as its basal width. Legs long, setae on femora and tibiae blunt, weakly capitate or rarely pointed, on trochanters and coxae pointed or finely pointed. Chaetotaxy of first tarsal segments 3, 3, 3 (rarely on one or two legs first tarsal segments with 2 or 4 setae). Arms of mesosternal furca connected by wide base. Spiracles reniform. Siphunculi with conical base, gradually tapering towards apex, often slightly curved outwards, with small, indistinct flange and polygonal reticulation on distal 0.45–0.56 (0.50) of length (largest transverse row in reticulate part of siphunculi consisting of 9–13 cells), weakly imbricated on basal half with small scales and pointed spinules. More than 30% of specimens have 1 or 2 short (25–41Μm) blunt or slightly capitate setae on siphunculi. Subgenital plate oval, with pointed setae on anterior half and blunt or pointed setae along the hind margin. Setae on anal plate finely pointed. Cauda sword-shaped with pointed apex, with a constriction at basal third, irregular margins and long, finely pointed setae.
Measurements of holotype. Body—3553×1716, antenna—3303: III—910×53 (in the middle), IV—610, V— 544, VI—210+769; hind femur—1157, hind tibia—2000; siphunculus—627×116 (in the middle); cauda— 559×235 (at base) ×209 (before base). For more biometric data see Table 5.
Alate viviparous female. Body elongate oval, 2.3–2.4 times as long as its width. The living specimens are green, dull glistening, without waxy pulverulence; head and thorax dark, antennae dark with pale base of 3rd antennal segment, legs dark with pale bases of femora, siphunculi dark, sometimes with pale bases, cauda pale yellow-brown or dark grey. Cleared specimens with dark brown antennae (only base of 3rd segment pale), ultimate rostral segments, distal halves of femora, whole of tibiae and tarsi; with brown head, thorax, sclerites and band on tergites of abdomen and peritremes, siphunculi, subgenital and anal plate and cauda; with light brown base of 3rd segment and basal halves of femora. Abdominal segments II–IV with large marginal sclerites; dorsal sclerites on tergite I very small or absent; dorsal sclerites on tergites II–IV sometimes fused to form short bands, interrupted in the midline. Surface of abdominal tergite VII with short rows of large blunt spinules. One of the two individuals has two marginal tubercles on abdominal segment IV. Third antennal segment with 77–121 (83.5–117.5) secondary rhinaria, 4th and 5th segment without rhinaria; secondary rhinaria are round, small (largest with internal diameter 20–23 Μm), protruberant, with external diameter 1.3–3.3 times as long as their height, spaced evenly along the segment. First antennal segment with setae 30–38 Μm long. Largest transverse row in reticulate part of siphunculi consisting of 8–9 cells. One individual has 2 setae on one siphunculus and 3 on the other.
Male. Apterous. Body elongated spindle-shaped, 2.1–2.7 (2.3–2.5) times as long as its width. The living specimens dark brown or dark dirty-green, dull glistening, without waxy pulverulence; antennae dark with pale base of 3rd antennal segment, legs dark with pale basal halves of femora, siphunculi dark, cauda dark grey. Cleared specimens with dark brown antennae (only base of 3rd segment pale), ultimate rostral segments, distal halves of femora, whole of tibiae and tarsi; with brown head, sclerites and band on segments of thorax and abdomen and peritremes on abdomen, siphunculi and cauda; and with light brown base of 3rd segment and basal halves of femora. Thorax with large weakly sclerotized band on dorsum and large sclerites at bases of coxae; abdomen with rows of sclerites on tergites I–VI, often fused into cross-bands interrupted to a greater or lesser degree in the midline, cross-bands on tergites VII–VIII, marginal sclerites on tergites I–VII and peritremes, and with bands on sternites II–VII, interrupted in the midline. Surface of abdominal tergite VI–VIII and marginal sclerites with rows of pointed spinules; sclerotic cuticle of ventral side of thorax and abdomen with rows of large spinules. Setae on dorsal surface of thorax and abdomen blunt or weakly capitate. Marginal tubercles (unpaired or very rare paired) were often present on abdominal segments III–IV and rare on segments I–II; total number of marginal tubercles on whole body 0–3 (0.7–1.4). Setae on dorsal side of head blunt or weakly capitate, on ventral side—blunt or pointed. Third antennal segment with 40–78 (55.8–62.4) small secondary rhinaria located almost the entire length of the segment, 4th segment with 0–9 (2.0–2.6) rhinaria and 5th segment with 4–13 (7.9–8.6) secondary rhinaria, more of them located in the distal half of segment. Rostrum reaching to metathorax or abdominal tergite II. Siphunculi with polygonal reticulation on distal 0.31–0.45 (0.40) of length (largest transverse row in reticulate part of siphunculi consisting of 5–7 cells); 77% of specimens have 1 or 2 setae on siphunculi. Cauda short tongue-shaped, sometimes almost escutcheon-shaped (with basal width greater than the length), with a weak constriction almost at the middle.
Oviparous female. Body broadly elliptical, 1.8–2.1 (1.9–2.0) times as long as its width. The living specimens as apterous viviparous female, but with pale cauda. Setae on dorsal surface of thorax and abdomen blunt or weakly capitate. Marginal tubercles sometimes (but very rare) present on metothorax; total number of marginal tubercles on whole body 0–5 (1.3–1.9). Head without or with weak traces of epicranial coronal suture. Third antennal segment with 21–42 (31.2–35.2) small secondary rhinaria, more of them located in basal half to two thirds. Rostrum reaching metathorax or abdominal segment I. Siphunculi with polygonal reticulation on distal 0.38–0.59 (0.47) of length (largest transverse row in reticulate part of siphunculi consisting of 8–12 cells), 58% of specimens have 1–3 short (21–50Μm) setae on siphunculi. Subgenital plate with almost unsclerotized anterior half and with intensive sclerotization on posterior half. Cauda linguiform with pointed apex and with a constriction at the middle. Hind tibiae distinctly swollen on basal half, with 41–127 small or very small round or oval pheromone plates, more of them located on basal half.
Distribution. Known only from the type locality—Chukotka AO, Anadyrskiy District, nearby vill. Beringovskiy.
Biology. Monoecious, holocyclic. A colony of this species consisting of an old fundatrix, apterous and alate viviparous females, males, oviparous females, apteroid and alatoid nymphs was found on 6 August 2012 on apices of shoots between flowers of Artemisia arctica. Another colony consisting of apterous and alate viviparous females, males, oviparous females, apteroid and alatoid nymphs was found on the same date and in the same location (at a distance of several tens of metres from the previous one) on apices of shoots between flowers, on flowers and on undersides of apical leaves of Artemisia tilesii. Apteroid and alatoid nymphs from both colonies were transferred to plants under laboratory conditions, where on 9–10 August 2012 several more males and oviparous females were reared to maturity.
Systematic relationships. The new species differs from all other species of Macrosiphoniella living on Artemisia by the following combination of characters: ultimate rostral segment not stiletto-shaped, without pointed apex, with straight or slightly convex sides and with setae on basal half similar in length to subapical (primary) setae, ratio of ultimate rostral segment to 2nd segment of hind tarsus 0.86–1.32; 3rd antennal segment of apterous viviparous females with 54–100 secondary rhinaria; hind tibiae without a ventral row of short thick peg-like setae, and only slightly darker than the body except fordark apices; siphunculi completely dark, only with bases sometimes a little paler, and gradually tapering towards the apex (without sharp constriction or swelling), siphunculi of apterous viviparous females 0.95–1.14 times as long as cauda, with reticulation over distal 0.45–0.56 of length; abdominal tergite III with 16–26 setae.
The form of the ultimate rostral segment suggests that this species belongs to the subgenus Asterobion. This subgenus currently has 13 species, and is mainly associated with Astereae. Only two species— M. (A.) galatellae Bozhko, 1953 and M. (A.) yomenae (Shinji, 1922) —have been recorded from Artemisia (Holman, 2009). Both differ from the new species in having well-marked antesiphuncular sclerites, dark femora (pale only at the very base), entirely dark tibiae, and dark cauda. All other species of Asterobium are also well differentiated from M. (A.) jaroslavi. They have significantly less secondary rhinaria on the 3rd antennal segment than the new species. M. (A.) asteris (Walker, 1849), M. (A.) bozhkoae Remaudière, 1997 and M. (A.) linariae (Koch, 1855) have clearly marked antesiphuncular sclerites, M. (A.) bozhkoae, M. (A.) crepidis Holman et Szelegiewicz, 1974, M. (A.) elegans Pashtshenko, 1999, M. (A.) linariae (Koch, 1855), M. (A.) soosi Szelegiewicz, 1966 have dark tibiae and cauda or, in the cases of M. (A.) davazhamci Holman et Szelegiewicz, 1974, M. (A.) erigeronis Nevsky, 1928 and M. (A.) yangi Takahashi, 1937, only a dark cauda. M. (A.) yangi has large postsiphuncular sclerites, and the siphunculi of M. (A.) aktaschica Nevsky, 1929 are pale on the basal part (siphunculi of M. (A.) jaroslavi entirely dark, sometimes pale at the very base). In the remaining species, M. (A.) ixeridis Holman, Lee et Havelka, 2006, the ratio of length of ultimate rostral segment to that of second segment of hind tarsus is much smaller (0.55–0.63) than in M. (A.) jaroslavi.
Macrosiphum chukotense sp. nov. (Figs. 52–65, Tabl. 6)
Type material. Holotype: apterous viviparous female, No. 10247, “ Macrosiphum chukotense sp. nov., 17.vii.2012, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Anadyrskiy District, 40 km SSW vill. Beringovskiy, N 62° 43', E 178° 56', Astragalus alpinus L., on legumes, leg. A.V. Stekolshchikov”. Paratypes (all specimens from the same locality as holotype): 2 apt., No.10231, 13.vii.2012, Petasites frigidus (L.) Fr.; 2 fund., No.10232, 6.vii.2012, Petasites frigidus (L.) Fr.; 9 apt., No.10232- 12.VII, 12.vii.2012, adults was obtained from imm. transferred to plants in laboratory conditions, Petasites frigidus (L.) Fr.; 1 fund., No.10236, 8.vii.2012, Saxifraga nelsoniana D. Don; 2 fund., No.10237, 9.vii.2012, Petasites frigidus (L.) Fr.; 13 apt., No.10237- 15.VII, 15.vii.2012, adults were obtained from imm. transferred to plants in laboratory conditions, Petasites frigidus (L.) Fr.; 1 apt., No.10239, 13.vii.2012, Pedicularis sudetica Willd.; 2 fund., No.10241, 10.vii.2012, Artemisia sp.; 1 apt., No.10241- 15.VII, 15.vii.2012, adult was obtained from imm. transferred to plants in laboratory conditions, Artemisia sp.; 2 apt., No.10243, 12.vii.2012, Rubus chamaemorus L.; 1 fund. and 3 apt., No.10244, 13.vii.2012, Anemone narcissiflora var. monantha DC.; 1 apt., No.10244- 15.VII, 15.vii.2012, adult was obtained from imm. transferred to plants in laboratory conditions, Anemone narcissiflora var. monantha DC.; 1 fund. and 14 apt., No.10249, 17.vii.2012, Fundatrix Apterous viviparous females Males Oviparous females
Number of samples / specimens 7/11 17 / 62 1/4 1/8
Length of body 2548–3594 (2548–3462) 2380–3837 (2589–3654) 2005–2074 (2094) 2563–2903 (2722) Length of antenna 2415–3247 (2415–3051) 2812–4279 (3146–3871) 3181–3522 (3378) 3156–3766 (3418) Length of antenna / length of body 0.86–0.97 (0.92) 0.96–1.45 (1.05–1.29) 1.49–1.76 (1.62) 1.15–1.36 (1.26) HFem length 807–1122 (807–1114) 670–1416 (909–1340) 772–903 (827) 1035–1228 (1129) length / length of body 0.30–0.35 (0.32) 0.27–0.42 (0.29–0.40) 0.38–0.42 (0.32) 0.39–0.43 (0.41) length / W Head 1.64–2.01 (1.64–1.97) 1.41–2.46 (1.71–2.37) 1.71–1.97 (1.82) 2.00–2.30 (2.14) HTib length 1472–2051 (1472–2035) 1675–2649 (1820–2553) 1523–1741 (1617) 1868–2020 (1949) length / length of body 0.53–0.62 (0.57) 0.60–0.81 (0.62–0.77) 0.74–0.84 (0.77) 0.69–0.77 (0.72) Head 477–610 (477–579) 475–606 (488–575) 450–459 (454) 513–541 (527) Depth of frontal sinus / width between antennal bases 0.20–0.35 (0.26) 0.21–0.39 (0.21–0.34) 0.21–0.24 (0.22) 0.26–0.38 (0.32) Setae on head occipital length 23–38 (25–38) 30–56 (30–50) 25–35 (30) 35–71 (48)
length / Ant3 AD 0.64–1.36 (0.71–1.15) 0.81–1.50 (0.87–1.27) 0.83–1.08 (0.94) 1.03–2.07 (1.38)
frontal length 25–43 (25–43) 33–61 (35–52) 25–43 (33) 38–61 (48)
length / Ant3 AD 0.63–1.55 (0.65–1.30) 0.86–1.57 (0.93–1.32) 0.80–1.31 (1.03) 1.03–1.78 (1.38) on Ant1 number 5–8 (6.1) 5–10 (5.5–9.0) 6–8 (7.0) 5–9 (7.1)
length 28–43 (29–38) 30–53 (32–42) 25–33 (29) 30–41 (36)
on Ant3 number 12–25 (12.5–23.5) 12–27 (15.0–23.0) 15–23 (17.8) 14–21 (18)
length 23–41 (29–39) 29–48 (31–44) 20–28 (25) 33–43 (38)
length / Ant3 AD 0.62–1.36 (0.73–1.15) 0.70–1.25 (0.78–1.08) 1.14–1.56 (1.30) 1.00–1.26 (1.08) on AntLB number 3–5 (3.9) 2–6 (3.5–5.5) 1–4 (3.4) 2–4 (3.8)
length / AntLB AD 0.85–1.00 (0.94) 0.80–1.43 (0.86–1.25) 0.77–1.43 (1.20) 1.00–1.69 (1.26) length of ventral seta on HTr / BD HFem 0.39–0.61 (0.44–0.56) 0.43–0.76 (0.47–0.72) 0.39–0.60 (0.51) 0.52–0.66 (0.58) on HFem length of longest dorsal 28–83 (29–77) 30–51 (33–45) 30–35 (33) 30–43 (38)
ventral 30–96 (30–88) 33–51 (34–46) 25–30 (29) 38–46 (41)
dorso-apical 20–64 (23–58) 20–38 (25–34) 20–28 (24) 25–35 (29)
on HTib longest dorsal 43–71 (44–63) 51–73 (51–72) 43–51 (47) 61–76 (66)
longest dorsal / mid-diameter of HTib 0.86–1.47 (1.02–1.20) 0.95–1.65 (1.03–1.51) 1.31–1.54 (1.45) 0.96–1.36 (1.11) number on 2HT dorsal 1–3 (1.5–2.3) 2–5 (2.7–3.7) 2–5 (3.3) 3–4 (3.1)
ventral 4–9 (5.3–7.8) 6–11 (7.5–10.0) 4–9 (6.6) 7–11 (8.7)
…… continued on the next page Valeriana capitata Pall. ex Link; 1 fund. and 1 apt., No.10250, 17.vii.2012, Polygonum viviparum L.; 3 apt., No.10252, 17.vii.2012, Potentilla palustris (L.) Scop.; 4 apt., No.10254, 18.vii.2012, Epilobium angustifolium L.; 1 apt., No.10255, 18.vii.2012, Vaccinium uliginosum L.; 3 apt., No.10264, 2.vii.2012, Polemonium caeruleum var. acutiflorum (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Ledeb.; 1 apt. and 1 male, No.10267, 26–27.vii.2012, Rubus chamaemorus L.; 1 male, No.10267- 29.VII, 29.vii.2012, adult was obtained from imm. transferred to plants in laboratory conditions, Rubus chamaemorus L.; 8 ovip. and 2 males, No.10267- 3.VIII, 3.viii.2012, adults were obtained from imm. transferred to plants in laboratory conditions, Rubus chamaemorus L.; 2 apt., No.10269, 27.vii.2012, Petasites frigidus (L.) Fr.
Etymology. The name chukotense is derived from the name of the type locality—“Chukotka”.
Description. Fundatrix. Body broadly elliptical, 1.8–2.1 (1.8–2.1) times as long as its width. The living specimens yellowish-green, green, greenish-yellow or reddish-purple with yellow spots on the abdomen, head greenish-yellow, yellow-green or reddish-purple, antennae dark with pale bases, legs pale—light green or light brown—with dark tips of tibiae and tarsi, siphunculi pale with dark apices, cauda yellowish-green or yellowpurple; dull, without waxy pulverulence or with sparse waxy pulverulence on ventral side. Surface of abdominal tergite VII smooth, of tergite VIII with the short rows of large smooth spinules. Total number of marginal tubercles on whole body 0–7 (0.0–7.0), of spinal tubercles—0–6 (0.0–4.0). Head with epicranial coronal suture or with traces of epicranial coronal suture. Third antennal segment with 0–6 (0.0–6.0) secondary rhinaria near base of segment. Rostrum reaching mesothorax. Ultimate rostral segment 1.67–2.03 (1.67–2.00) times as long as its basal width.
Apterous viviparous female. Body spindle-shaped, wide in the middle of abdomen (III–IV segments) and gradually getting narrow to the head and to the end of the abdomen, 2.0–2.6 (2.0–2.4) times as long as its width. The living specimens yellow-green with a longitudinal dark green stripe, green, purple, red-purple or red-brown with yellow-green end of the abdomen and green or yellow spots on the abdomen, head greenish-yellow, yellowgreen, brownish-yellow or pinkish-purple, antennae light at the bases, the third antennal segment pale or brown, the apex of 3rd segment and 4–6th antennal segments or only apices of 4–5th and whole of 6th segment dark, legs pale with dark apices of tibiae and tarsi, siphunculi pale at the base and gradually darkening to the apex, cauda green light purple, or yellow-purple; dull, without waxy pulverulence or with sparse waxy pulverulence on ventral side. Cleared specimens with brown or dark brown apices of 3rd–4th antennal segments, bases of 4th–5th antennal segments, more or less gradually darkening to the apex 5th antennal segment, and brown 6th antennal segment with processus terminalis gradually lightening to the apex, ultimate rostral segment, apices of tibiae and tarsi very dark brown, apices of siphunculi brown, antennal segments 1st–4th, legs and siphunculi light-brown, head, rostrum (except ultimate rostral segment), sclerites at bases of coxae, subgenital and anal plates, and cauda very lightbrown. Abdominal dorsum not sclerotized, pale, membranous. Surface of head and dorsal side of thorax and abdominal tergites I–VI smooth, sometimes slightly wrinkled, of abdominal tergites VII–VIII with short rows of small pointed spinules; of ventral side of thorax and abdomen with more-or-less long rows of small pointed spinules sometimes forming strongly stretched reticulate cells. Setae on dorsal surface of thorax and abdomen blunt or weakly capitate; setae on ventral surface of thorax and abdomen pointed or rarely blunt. Paired or rarely unpaired marginal tubercles were almost always present on prothorax and on abdominal segment II–V and sometimes also (paired or unpaired) on meso- and metathorax and abdominal segments I, VI and VII; total number of marginal tubercles on whole body 7–16 (9.0–14.0). Marginal tubercles not large (medial diameter of siphunculus 1.2–4.0 (1.4–3.2) times as long as width of the largest marginal tubercle), strongly protuberant from semicircular to papilliform or elongated cone-shaped, diameter of tubercles 0.7–2.8 times as long as high. Spinal tubercles (paired or unpaired) were almost always present on the head and abdomimal tergites VII–VIII, and small part of specimens also had them on the prothotax and abdominal tergites III and VI; total number of spinal tubercles on whole body 2–8 (4.0–8.0). Head with weak traces of epicranial coronal suture or without such traces. Frontal tubercles moderately developed, antennal tubercles high, divergent, median tubercle indistinct, almost invisible. Setae on head blunt or weakly capitate. Antennae 6-segmented, 1st and 2nd antennal segments slightly wrinkled, almost smooth dorsaly and with short scales ventraly, 3rd–6th segments with large scales which almost invisible on 3rd segment and well-defined on 5–6th segments. Third antennal segment with 1–10 (2.0–5.5) secondary rhinaria near base of segment. Secondary rhinaria are round or oval, small (with internal diameter 6–28 Μm), weakly protruberant, with external diameter 1.6–13.0 times as long as high of rhinaria. Antennae with blunt or weakly capitate setae. Rostrum reaching to meso- or metathorax. Ultimate rostral segment elongate wedge-shaped with straight or slightly convex sides, 1.81–2.48 (1.87–2.24) times as long as its basal width. Legs long, setae on femora and tibiae blunt, weakly capitate or rarely pointed, on trochanters blunt or pointed, on coxae and apices of tibiae pointed or, rarely, blunt. Chaetotaxy of first tarsal segments 3, 3, 3 (very rarely on one hind leg first tarsal segment with 2 or 4 setae). Arms of mesosternal furca connected by wide base. Spiracles reniform. Siphunculi long, often slightly curved outwards, with distinct flange and polygonal reticulation on distal 0.08–0.15 (0.11–0.14) of length (largest transverse row in reticulate part of siphunculi consisting of 4–6 cells), with imbrication increasing apicad, with conical base, then almost cylindrical, sometimes very slightly, almost unnoticeably swollen before zone of polygonal reticulation (with maximum diameter of swelling 1.00–1.15 (1.01–1.11) times as long as minimum diameter nearer base) and slightly narrowed in zone of polygonal reticulation. Subgenital plate oval, with pointed setae on anterior half and blunt or pointed setae along the hind margin. Setae on anal plate finely pointed. Cauda elongate triangular with almost pointed apex and long, finely pointed setae.
Measurements of holotype. Body—3472 x1645, antenna—3721: III—928 x35 (in the middle), IV—737, V— 630, VI—167+979; hind femur—1320, hind tibia—2365; siphunculus—1024 x56 (in the middle); cauda— 607x263 (at base) x218 (before base). For more biometric data see Table 6.
Male. Alate. Body elongated spindle-shaped, 2.6–3.0 (2.7) times as long as its width. The living specimens dirty yellowish brown with a dark head and thorax, antennae, apices of femora and tibiae, tarsi and apices of siphunculi dark, siphunculi gray, cauda dark gray; dull, without waxy pulverulence. Cleared specimens with 3rd– 6th antennal segments (except base of 3rd segment), thorax, ultimate rostral segment, apices of femora and tibiae and tarsi dark brown; head, 1st and 2nd antennal segments, bands, sclerites, intersegmental plates and peritremes on abdominal segments brown; legs (except apices of femora and tibiae and tarsi), siphunculi and cauda lightbrown. Abdomen with short spinal transverse bands on all tergites, intersegmental plates on tergites II–V, relatively large marginal sclerites on segments II–VII, pale brown sclerotized patches on margins of sternites II–VII and peretremes on segments I–VII. Surface of bands on tergites I–V with rare large pointed spinules, of band on tergite VI and marginal maculae with short rows of such spinules, surface of tergites VII–VIII with row of pointed or sometimes smooth, partially fused spinules. Setae on dorsal surface of thorax and abdomen blunt or rarely pointed; setae on ventral surface of thorax and abdomen pointed. Paired marginal tubercles always present on prothorax and on abdominal segments II–V, also one marginal tubercle present on abdominal tergite I in two specimens; total number of marginal tubercles on whole body 10–11 (10.5). Total number of spinal tubercles on whole body 4–8 (5.5). Head without traces of epicranial coronal suture. Setae on head pointed or rarely blunt. Third antennal segment with 38–60 (47.8), 4th segment with 0–2 (0.3) and 5th antennal segment with 10–17 (13.9) secondary rhinaria. Rostrum reaching mesothorax. Siphunculi with polygonal reticulation on distal 0.12–0.19 (0.16) of length.
Oviparous female. Body 1.9–2.2 (2.1) times as long as its width. The living specimens pale yellow or pale pink with pale green head and spots on abdomen near siphunculi, apices of the 3rd–5th segments of the antennae and whole 6th antennal segment dark, legs light brown with dark apices of tibiae and tarsi, siphunculi pale with dark apices, cauda light; dull, without waxy pulverulence. Cleared specimens with siphunculi light-brown without dark apices. Total number of marginal tubercles on whole body 7–14 (10.4), of spinal tubercles 1–6 (4.0). Third antennal segment with 1–3 (2.3) secondary rhinaria near base of segment. Siphunculi with polygonal reticulation on distal 0.12–0.17 (0.11–0.14) of length. Cauda from elongate triangular with rounded apex to finger-shaped with a slight constriction at mid-length. Hind tibiae not greatly swollen in basal half, with 161–222 round or oval pheromone plates located in basal two thirds of tibia.
Distribution. Known only from the type locality—Chukotka AO, Anadyrskiy District, 40 km SSWBer.
Biology. A monoecious and polyphagous species, holocyclic. Aphids were found singly or in small colonies of several specimens on plants from different families: Asteraceae (Artemisia sp., Petasites frigidus), Ericaceae (Vaccinium uliginosum), Fabaceae (Astragalus alpinus), Onagraceae (Epilobium angustifolium), Orobanchaceae (Pedicularis sudetica), Polemoniaceae (Polemonium caeruleum var. acutiflorum), Polygonaceae (Polygonum viviparum), Ranunculaceae (Anemone narcissiflora var. monantha), Rosaceae (Rubus chamaemorus, Potentilla palustris), Saxifragaceae (Saxifraga nelsoniana), Valerianaceae (Valeriana capitata). The fundatrices were found on plants of 5 families (Asteraceae, Polygonaceae, Ranunculaceae, Saxifragaceae и Valerianaceae) and males and oviparous females were obtained on Rubus chamaemorus (Rosaceae). These data indicate a broad food range for this species. In most cases, aphids were found on the apices of the shoots, on stalks, between the flowers and on fruits; only on Petasites frigidus, Potentilla palustris, Rubus chamaemorus and Vaccinium uliginosum were they found on the lower surfaces of the leaves. Fundatrices were found in the field from 6 to 17 July, and the first male was collected on 26 July. Oviparous females were reared in laboratory culture on 3 August from immatures collected together with the male.
Systematic relationships. The new species is morphologically very similar to Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas, 1878), but differs from it by having a large number of marginal and spinal tubercles (M. euphorbiae has marginal tubercles only occasionally present on prothorax and abdominal segment II–V and spinal tubercles occasionally present on abdominal segment VII and VIII). M. euphorbiae also generally has fewer accessory setae on the ultimate rostral segment (6–10, whereas M. chukotense has 7–13). The new species differs from M. euphorbiae mainly in its life cycle— M. chukotense is a monoecious species, while M. euphorbiae primarily is a heteroecious holocyclic with a sexual phase on Rosa, although currently in majority geographic areas of the globe it is mainly or entirely anholocyclic on secondary hosts. In having a large number of marginal and spinal tubercles M. chukotense resembles M. pallidum (Oestlund, 1887), but that species differs by having dark apices of femora (apices of femora of M. chukotense are entirely pale), dark tibiae (tibiae of M. pallidum are brown with dark brown apices whereas tibiae of M. chukotense are pale with dark apices), dark siphunculi (siphunculi of M. chukotense light-brown with brown apices) and food specialization— M. pallidum lives only on Rosaceae.
Some other species are similar to M. euphorbiae and M. chukotense, but they differ from the new species in certain details. Macrosiphum centranthi Theobald, 1915 and Macrosiphum stellariae Theobald, 1913 have black femoral apices and fewer marginal and spinal tubercles than M. chukotense, Macrosiphum valerianae (Clarke, 1903) has dark siphunculi and fewer marginal tubercles, and apterae of M. valerianae usually have distinct (but sometimes very pale) presiphuncular sclerites, which are completely absent on abdomen of M. chukotense. Macrosiphum geranii (Oestlund, 1887) also has dark siphunculi. Macrosiphum nasonovi Mordvilko, 1919 has dark femoral apices and feeds only on plants of family Ericaceae. Macrosiphum daphinidis Börner, 1940 has fewer marginal and spinal tubercles, slightly more (10–19) setae on cauda, differs in color in life, and feeds only on species of the genus Daphne, especially D. mezereum. Macrosiphum corydalis (Oestlund, 1886) specializes on plants of the family Fumariaceae and has apterous males. Insufficiency of descriptions does not allow a morphological comparison of the new species with three other briefly described species of the genus— Macrosiphum audeni Macdougall, M. pyrifoliae MacDougall and M. verbenae (Thomas), but all three species are specialized on a narrow range of host plants: M. audeni on Nuphar lutea, M. pyrifoliae on Sorbus and M. verbenae on Verbena.
description: Published as part of Stekolshchikov, Andrey V. & Khruleva, Olga A., 2015, Contributions to the aphid fauna (Hemiptera, Aphidoidea) of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug with descriptions of five new species, pp. 1-44 in Zootaxa 4044 (1) on pages 19-31, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4044.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/289996