cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Extracting three-body breakup observables from CDCC calculations with core excitations
Creators: name: de Diego, R.
name: Crespo, R.
name: Moro, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Core-excitation effects in the scattering of two-body halo nuclei have been investigated in previous works. In particular, these effects have been found to affect in a significant way the breakup cross sections of neutron-halo nuclei with a deformed core. To account for these effects, appropriate extensions of the continuum-discretized coupled-channels (CDCC) method have been recently proposed. We aim to extend these studies to the case of breakup reactions measured under complete kinematics or semi-inclusive reactions in which only the angular or energy distribution of one of the outgoing fragments is measured. We use the standard CDCC method as well as its extended version with core excitations (XCDCC), assuming a pseudo-state basis for describing the projectile states. Two- and three-body observables are computed by projecting the discrete two-body breakup amplitudes, obtained within these reaction frameworks, onto two-body scattering states with definite relative momentum of the outgoing fragments and a definite state of the core nucleus. The presented method provides a tool to compute double and triple differential cross sections for outgoing fragments following the breakup of a two-body projectile, and might be useful to analyze breakup reactions with other deformed weakly-bound nuclei, for which core excitations are expected to play a role. We have found that, while dynamical core excitations are important for the proton target at intermediate energies, they are very small for the Zn target at energies around the Coulomb barrier.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Physical Review C
An assessment of Fe XX - Fe XXII emission lines in SDO/EVE data as diagnostics for high density solar flare plasmas using EUVE stellar observations
Creators: name: Keenan, F. P.
name: Milligan, R. O.
name: Mathioudakis, M.
name: Christian, D. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Extreme Ultraviolet Variability Experiment (EVE) on the Solar Dynamics Observatory obtains extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) spectra of the full-disk Sun at a spectral resolution of ~1 A and cadence of 10 s. Such a spectral resolution would normally be considered to be too low for the reliable determination of electron density (N_e) sensitive emission line intensity ratios, due to blending. However, previous work has shown that a limited number of Fe XXI features in the 90-60 A wavelength region of EVE do provide useful N_e-diagnostics at relatively low flare densities (N_e ~ 10^11-10^12 cm^-3). Here we investigate if additional highly ionised Fe line ratios in the EVE 90-160 A range may be reliably employed as N_e-diagnostics. In particular, the potential for such diagnostics to provide density estimates for high N_e (~10^13 cm^-3) flare plasmas is assessed. Our study employs EVE spectra for X-class flares, combined with observations of highly active late-type stars from the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE) satellite plus experimental data for well-diagnosed tokamak plasmas, both of which are similar in wavelength coverage and spectral resolution to those from EVE. Several ratios are identified in EVE data which yield consistent values of electron density, including Fe XX 113.35/121.85 and Fe XXII 114.41/135.79, with confidence in their reliability as N_e-diagnostics provided by the EUVE and tokamak results. These ratios also allow the determination of density in solar flare plasmas up to values of ~10^13 cm^-3.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables, MNRAS in press
Additional file 1 of An integrated knowledge translation (iKT) approach to advancing community-based depression care in Vietnam: lessons from an ongoing research-policy collaboration
Creators: name: Murphy, Jill K.
name: Chau, Leena W.
name: Nguyen, Vu Cong
name: Minas, Harry
name: Anh, Duong Viet
name: O’Neil, John
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Interview Questions.
Expanding the reach of quantum optimization with fermionic embeddings
Creators: name: Zhao, Andrew
name: Rubin, Nicholas C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Quadratic programming over orthogonal matrices encompasses a broad class of hard optimization problems that do not have an efficient quantum representation. Such problems are instances of the little noncommutative Grothendieck problem (LNCG), a generalization of binary quadratic programs to continuous, noncommutative variables. In this work, we establish a natural embedding for this class of LNCG problems onto a fermionic Hamiltonian, thereby enabling the study of this classical problem with the tools of quantum information. This embedding is accomplished by a new representation of orthogonal matrices as fermionic quantum states, which we achieve through the well-known double covering of the orthogonal group. Correspondingly, the embedded LNCG Hamiltonian is a two-body fermion model. Determining extremal states of this Hamiltonian provides an outer approximation to the original problem, a quantum analogue to classical semidefinite relaxations. In particular, when optimizing over the \emph{special} orthogonal group our quantum relaxation obeys additional, powerful constraints based on the convex hull of rotation matrices. The classical size of this convex-hull representation is exponential in matrix dimension, whereas our quantum representation requires only a linear number of qubits. Finally, to project the relaxed solution back into the feasible space, we propose rounding procedures which return orthogonal matrices from appropriate measurements of the quantum state. Through numerical experiments we provide evidence that this rounded quantum relaxation can produce high-quality approximations.
War Diary of 1st Battalion Canadian Scottish Regiment, Vol. 36, August 1, 1942 to August 31, 1942
Creators: name: Canada. Canadian Army. Canadian Scottish Regiment (Princess Mary's)
Publisher: name: University of Victoria Libraries
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Canada. Canadian Army
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/531187
subject: Canada. Canadian Army. Canadian Scottish Regiment (Princess Mary's)
subject: World War (1939-1945)
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1180924
subject: War diaries
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1745536

description: The war diaries are official records kept by the Battalions during a one month period. They contain the daily orders, correspondence, newsletters, and an intelligence log detailing troop activities, locations, and weather conditions. The war diaries detail the activities and movement of the 1st Battalion from training in Canada and England to active duty on the Western Front and their return to Victoria in January 1946. This diary was kept while at Denton, Seaford, and Sandgate Park, West Sussex, England. It has entries about moving camp to Sandgate Park, entire battalion having to be in tents at Sandgate, a battalion wash-day, troop movements, and participating in various exercises, among other activities and information.
New constructive counterexamples to additivity of minimum output Rényi p-entropy of quantum channels
Creators: name: Szczygielski, Krzysztof
name: Studziński, Michał
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we present new families of quantum channels for which corresponding minimum output Rényi $p$-entropy is not additive. Our manuscript is motivated by the results of Grudka et al., J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 43 425304 and we focus on channels characterized by both extensions and subspaces of the antisymmetric subspace in $\mathbb{C}^d \otimes \mathbb{C}^d$, which exhibit additivity breaking for $p>2$.
description: 28 pages, 3 figures; final version
Aspect-ratio-dependent void formation in active rhomboidal and elliptical particle systems
Creators: name: Suzaka, Motoya
name: Ito, Hiroaki
name: Kitahata, Hiroyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We execute a numerical simulation on active nematics with particles interacting by an excluded volume effect. The systems with rhomboidal particles and that with elliptical particles are considered in order to investigate the effect of the direct contact of particles. In our simulation, the void regions, where the local number density is almost zero, appear in both systems when the aspect ratio of the particles is high. We focused on the relationship between the void regions and the particle orientation of the bulk. The particle number density, particle orientation, topological defects, and void regions are analyzed for different aspect ratios in both systems. The systems with rhomboidal particles have characteristic void sizes, which increase with an increase in the aspect ratio. In contrast, the distribution of the void-region size in the systems with elliptical particles is broad. The present results suggest that the void size in the systems with rhomboidal particles is determined by the correlation length of the particle orientational field around the void regions, while that might be determined by the system size in the systems with elliptical particles.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures
Quark mean field model with pion and gluon corrections for $Λ,~Ξ^0$ hypernuclei and neutron stars
Creators: name: Xing, Xueyong
name: Hu, Jinniu
name: Shen, Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Properties of $Λ,~Ξ^0$ hypernuclei and neutron stars are investigated in quark mean field model with pion and gluon corrections. Firstly, $u, ~d$, and $s$ quarks are confined by relativistic harmonic oscillator potentials to generate the baryons, like nucleon, $Λ, ~Σ$, and $Ξ$ hyperons. The effects of pion-quark coupling and one-gluon exchange are considered perturbatively. Then, the baryons interact with each other through exchanging $σ, ~ω,$ and $ρ$ mesons between quarks in hypernuclei and nuclear matter. The strengths of confinement potentials for $u, ~d,$ and $s$ quarks are determined by the masses and radii of free baryons. The coupling constants between the quarks and mesons are fixed by the ground-state properties of several nuclei and single-hyperon potentials at nuclear saturation density, which arises three parameter sets for the coupling constants between mesons and quarks, named QMF-NK1S, QMF-NK2S, and QMF-NK3S. Compared to the results of previous quark mean field model without pion and gluon corrections, it is found that properties of $Λ$ hypernuclei, i.e. the single $Λ$ energies, are more consistent with the experimental observables. Properties of $Ξ^0$ hypernuclei are also calculated and compared with the results in previous quark mean field model. With these three parameter sets, the neutron stars containing hyperons are investigated through solving the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equation. Maximum masses of neutron stars approach $2.1M_\odot$ with hyperons and corresponding radii are around $13$ km.
description: 25 pages, 9 figures, 5 tables, accepted to Phys. Rev. C
On the Impact of the Self in a Complex Knowledge Network
Creators: name: Keenan, Julian
name: O’Meara, John
name: Munakata, Mika
name: Vaidya, Ashwin
name: Wambacq, Ilse
Publisher: name: International Journal of Complexity in Education
Year: 2023

description: This paper is devoted to establishing the place of the ‘self’ in the complex experience of learning. It is well known that we are most engaged in the classroom when the subject under discussion is of personal interest or something we recognize to have meaning to our lives; in other words, when the discussion is about ourselves. The current work aims to validate this anecdote through brain studies experiments which implicate the different parts of the brain (such as Meical Prefrontal Cortex (MPFC), the right PFC (rPFC), the right Temporal Parietal Junction (rTPJ)) with self-awareness. In particular, we wish to understand how self-awareness can impact the learning of a subject like precalculus, a subject taken by a large number of students at most universities. These brain studies are supported by classroom surveys which allowed us to investigate how students’ knowledge networks and topics learned in class were connected to their own personal experiences. While this is the start of a series of studies to unravel the various complex issues in learning and teaching, it points to the fact that even learning a subject like mathematics is a highly subjective experience. Therefore, in addition to focusing on ‘what’ we are teaching, we ought to equally consider ‘who’ is learning. Keywords: networks; precalculus; self-awareness; neuroscience
description: International Journal of Complexity in Education, Vol 3, No 2 (2022)
Dynamical Systems Measures of Small Group Functioning
Creators: name: Ricca, Bernard P.
name: Jordan, Michelle E.
Publisher: name: International Journal of Complexity in Education
Year: 2023

description: Small collaborative group learning is part of many classrooms, but the objective evaluation of group functioning is not well established. Two dynamical systems measures, burstiness and power law fits of data distributions, have been used in other psychological contexts to explore system health and overall functioning from a complex systems perspective. Those measures are used in this study to explore self-organization in collaborative learning groups. Data were collected from three groups of fifth-graders undertaking an open-ended engineering design challenge. The groups were recorded, the audio transcribed, and talk turns coded for macrocognitive contributions. The burstiness and distribution of macrocognitive codes were investigated to determine how burstiness and distribution might be used as measures of group functioning. Burstiness values indicate self-organization of groups via macrocognitive codes. Power law analyses show a general decrease in the shape parameter and increase in group goodness-of-fit values over time. These results indicate increasing organization and flexibility in small groups. Because there is little prior theory regarding applying these measures to classroom situations, the findings indicate potential fruitful areas for theorizing about group-level functioning. Keywords: small groups, dynamic systems, macrocognition, collaborative learning, power laws, burstiness, complex systems
description: International Journal of Complexity in Education, Vol 3, No 2 (2022)
Group-theoretic relations for amplitudes in gauge theories with orthogonal and symplectic groups
Creators: name: Huang, Jia-Hui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is important to find nontrivial constraint relations for color-ordered amplitudes in gauge theories. In the past several years, a pure group-theoretic iterative method has been proposed to derive linear constraints on color-ordered amplitudes in SU(N) gauge theories. In this paper, we use the same method to derive linear constraints on four-point gluon amplitudes in SO(N) and Sp(2N) gauge theories. These constraints are derived up to four-loop order. It is found that there are $n=1,6,10,13,16$ constraint relations at $L=0,1,2,3,4$ loop orders in both SO(N) and Sp(2N) cases. Correspondingly, the numbers of independent four-point color-ordered amplitudes are $2,3, 5, 8, 11$ at $L=0,1,2,3,4$ loop orders in both theories.
description: 23 pages,text partially overlap with arXiv:1511.09333
Equation of State Based Slip Spring Model for Entangled Polymer Dynamics
Creators: name: Vogiatzis, Georgios G.
name: Megariotis, Grigorios
name: Theodorou, Doros N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A mesoscopic, mixed particle- and field-based Brownian dynamics methodology for the simulation of entangled polymer melts has been developed. Polymeric beads consist of several Kuhn segments, and their motion is dictated by the Helmholtz energy of the sample, which is a sum of the entropic elasticity of chain strands between beads, slip springs, and nonbonded interactions. The entanglement effect is introduced by the slip springs, which are springs connecting either nonsuccessive beads on the same chain or beads on different polymer chains. The terminal positions of slip springs are altered during the simulation through a kinetic Monte Carlo hopping scheme, with rate-controlled creation/destruction processes for the slip springs at chain ends. The rate constants are consistent with the free energy function employed and satisfy microscopic reversibility at equilibrium. The free energy of nonbonded interactions is derived from an appropriate equation of state, and it is computed as a functional of the local density by passing an orthogonal grid through the simulation box; accounting for it is necessary for reproducing the correct compressibility of the polymeric material. Parameters invoked by the mesoscopic model are derived from experimental volumetric and viscosity data or from atomistic molecular dynamics simulations, establishing a "bottom-up" predictive framework for conducting slip spring simulations of polymeric systems of specific chemistry. The mesoscopic simulation methodology is implemented for the case of cis-1,4-polyisoprene, whose structure, dynamics, thermodynamics, and linear rheology in the melt state are quantitatively predicted and validated without a posteriori fitting the results to experimental measurements.
description: 80 pages, 17 figures
Efficient, Safe, and Probably Approximately Complete Learning of Action Models
Creators: name: Stern, Roni
name: Juba, Brendan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper we explore the theoretical boundaries of planning in a setting where no model of the agent's actions is given. Instead of an action model, a set of successfully executed plans are given and the task is to generate a plan that is safe, i.e., guaranteed to achieve the goal without failing. To this end, we show how to learn a conservative model of the world in which actions are guaranteed to be applicable. This conservative model is then given to an off-the-shelf classical planner, resulting in a plan that is guaranteed to achieve the goal. However, this reduction from a model-free planning to a model-based planning is not complete: in some cases a plan will not be found even when such exists. We analyze the relation between the number of observed plans and the likelihood that our conservative approach will indeed fail to solve a solvable problem. Our analysis show that the number of trajectories needed scales gracefully.
Direct Linearly-Polarised Electroluminescence from Perovskite Nanoplatelet Superlattices
Creators: name: Ye, Junzhi
name: Ren, Aobo
name: Dai, Linjie
name: Baikie, Tomi
name: Guo, Renjun
name: Pal, Debapriya
name: Gorgon, Sebastian
name: Heger, Julian E.
name: Huang, Junyang
name: Sun, Yuqi
name: Arul, Rakesh
name: Grimaldi, Gianluca
name: Zhang, Kaiwen
name: Shamsi, Javad
name: Huang, Yi-Teng
name: Wang, Hao
name: Wu, Jiang
name: Koenderink, A. Femius
name: Murciano, Laura Torrente
name: Schwartzkopf, Matthias
name: Roth, Stephen V.
name: Muller-Buschbaum, Peter
name: Baumberg, Jeremy J.
name: Stranks, Samuel D.
name: Greenham, Neil C.
name: Polavarapu, Lakshminarayana
name: Zhang, Wei
name: Rao, Akshay
name: Hoye, Robert L. Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Polarised light is critical for a wide range of applications, but is usually generated by filtering unpolarised light, which leads to significant energy losses and requires additional optics. Herein, the direct emission of linearly-polarised light is achieved from light-emitting diodes (LEDs) made of CsPbI3 perovskite nanoplatelet superlattices. Through use of solvents with different vapour pressures, the self-assembly of perovskite nanoplatelets is achieved to enable fine control over the orientation (either face-up or edge-up) and therefore the transition dipole moment. As a result of the highly-uniform alignment of the nanoplatelets, as well as their strong quantum and dielectric confinement, large exciton fine-structure splitting is achieved at the film level, leading to pure-red LEDs exhibiting a high degree of linear polarisation of 74.4% without any photonic structures. This work unveils the possibilities of perovskite nanoplatelets as a highly promising source of linearly-polarised electroluminescence, opening up the development of next-generation 3D displays and optical communications from this highly versatile, solution-processable system.
description: 26 pages, 5 figures
On the Use of Agent-Based Models as Teaching Tools and Their Impact on the Characterization of Student-System Interaction
Creators: name: Cortés-Berrueco, Luis E.
name: Vázquez, Gustavo Carreón
Publisher: name: International Journal of Complexity in Education
Year: 2023

description: As the study of complex systems expands, new frameworks in which methodologies from different sciences may collaborate more naturally are needed. This work presents the utilization of agent-based models as a core tool for a research project in which the principal objective is to characterize high-school students’ performance while facing different representations of complex systems. It is described how the agent-based model helped with the communication between educational science and computer science researchers involved in the project. Also, a new educational research perspective consisting of students’ data collection is shown in this work. This new perspective intends to support qualitative analyses of educational methodologies with quantitative visualizations resulting of learning processes. Keywords: agent-based models, complexity, education, interactions, data
description: International Journal of Complexity in Education, Vol 3, No 2 (2022)
Local impurity in multichannel Luttinger liquid
Creators: name: Kagalovsky, V.
name: Lerner, I. V.
name: Yurkevich, I. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the stability of conducting and insulating phases in multichannel Luttinger liquids with respect to embedding a single impurity. We devise a general approach for finding critical exponents of the conductance in the limits of both weak and strong scattering. In contrast to the one-channel Luttinger liquid, the system state in certain parametric regions depends on the scattering strength which results in the emergence of a bistability. Focusing on the two-channel liquid, the method developed here enables us to provide a generic analysis of phase boundaries governed by the most relevant (i.e. not necessarily single-particle) scattering mechanism. The present approach is applicable to channels of different nature as in fermion-boson mixtures, or to identical ones as on the opposite edges of a topological insulator. We show that interaction per se cannot provide protection in particular case of topological insulators realized in narrow Hall bars.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
Governing Transactions and Interdependences between Linked Value Chains in a Circular Economy: The Case of Wastewater Reuse in Braunschweig (Germany)
Creators: name: Maaß, Oliver
name: Grundmann, Philipp
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Agriculture
subject: Circular economy
subject: Governance structures
subject: Institutions
subject: Interdependence
subject: Irrigation
subject: Linkage
subject: Transaction costs
subject: Value chains
subject: Wastewater reuse
subject: 333.7
subject: 690

description: Reusing wastewater in agriculture has attracted increasing attention as a strategy to support the transition towards the circular economy in the water and agriculture sector. As a consequence, there is great interest in solutions for governing the transactions and interdependences between the associated value chains. This paper explores the institutions and governance structures for coordinating transactions and interdependences between actors in linked value chains of wastewater treatment and crop production. It aims to analyze how transactions and interdependences shape the governance structures for reusing wastewater at the local level. A transaction costs analysis based on data from semi-structured interviews and a questionnaire is applied to the agricultural wastewater reuse scheme of the Wastewater Association Braunschweig (Germany). The results show that different governance structures are needed to match with the different properties and requirements of the transactions and activities between linked value chains of wastewater treatment and crop production. Interdependences resulting from transactions between wastewater providers and farmers increase the need for hybrid and hierarchical elements in the governance structures for wastewater reuse. The authors conclude that aligning governance structures with transactions and interdependences is key to efficiently governing transactions and interdependences between linked value chains in a circular economy. © 2018 by the authors.
Anisotropic skyrmion mass induced by surrounding conduction electrons: A Schwinger-Keldysh field theory approach
Creators: name: Reyes-Osorio, Felipe
name: Nikolic, Branislav K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The current-driven motion of magnetic skyrmions, as topologically protected winding vector fields of local magnetization, has attracted considerable attention due to both fundamental interest in the dynamics of topological solitons, and potential spintronic applications. While widely-used Thiele equation with zero skyrmion mass captures its rigid motion under the assumption of preserved skyrmion shape, experiments on realistic skyrmions find deviation due to inertial mass with numerous attempts to account for it by invoking internal skyrmion dynamics, geometry of the nanowire, and interaction with magnons or phonons. However, experimentally observed skyrmion mass is often much larger than predicted by these theories. In this Letter, we employ Schwinger-Keldysh field-theoretical approach to study conduction electrons interacting with localized magnetic moments comprising a skyrmion to obtain a stochastic differential equation of its motion. By analyzing its time-retarded damping kernel, we extract an anisotropic mass governed by conduction electrons and demonstrate its substantial effect on the current-driven skyrmion motion, even in the absence of any skyrmion deformation.
High-fidelity phase and amplitude control of phase-only computer generated holograms using conjugate gradient minimisation
Creators: name: Bowman, D.
name: Harte, T. L.
name: Chardonnet, V.
name: De Groot, C.
name: Denny, S. J.
name: Goc, G. Le
name: Anderson, M.
name: Ireland, P.
name: Cassettari, D.
name: Bruce, G. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate simultaneous control of both the phase and amplitude of light using a conjugate gradient minimisation-based hologram calculation technique and a single phase-only spatial light modulator (SLM). A cost function which incorporates the inner product of the light field with a chosen target field within a defined measure region is efficiently minimised to create high fidelity patterns in the Fourier plane of the SLM. A fidelity of $F=0.999997$ is achieved for a pattern resembling an $LG^{0}_{1}$ mode with a calculated light-usage efficiency of $41.5\%$. Possible applications of our method in optical trapping and ultracold atoms are presented and we show uncorrected experimental realisation of our patterns with $F = 0.97$ and $7.8\%$ light efficiency.
Evaluating a financial incentives scheme intervention to promote healthy eating and physical activity
Creators: name: Behrendt, Hannah
name: Hardy, Tim
name: Bianchi, Filippo
name: Wright, Hazel
name: Tagliaferri, Giulia
name: Stuijfzand, Bobby
name: Reitsma, Bram
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Health Economics
subject: Public Health
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Behavioral Economics
subject: Economics
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: Promoting healthy eating and more physical activity in England can help to improve population health. To promote these health behaviours the Department for Health and Social Care (DHSC) commissioned HeadUp Labs (HUL) to develop and implement an app-based financial incentive scheme to provide rewards to people contingent on performing behaviours related to healthy diets and physical activity. The Behavioural Insights Team (BIT) will design and conduct an independent mixed-methods evaluation of the financial incentive scheme including an impact, and an implementation and process evaluation.
Cold atmospheric pressure plasma and low energy electron beam as alternative nonthermal decontamination technologies for dry food surfaces: A review
Creators: name: Hertwig, Christian
name: Meneses, Nicolas
name: Mathys, Alexander
Publisher: name: Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Decontamination
subject: Dry food
subject: Electron beam
subject: Inactivation
subject: Plasma
subject: Surface
subject: 630
subject: 640

description: Background: Dry food products are often highly contaminated, and dry stress-resistant microorganisms, such as certain types of Salmonella and bacterial spores, can be still viable and multiply if the product is incorporated into high moisture food products or rehydrated. Traditional technologies for the decontamination of these products have certain limitations and drawbacks, such as alterations of product quality, environmental impacts, carcinogenic potential and/or lower consumer acceptance. Cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAPP) and low energy electron beam (LEEB) are two promising innovative technologies for microbial inactivation on dry food surfaces, which have shown potential to solve these certain limitations. Scope and approach: This review critically summarizes recent studies on the decontamination of dry food surfaces by CAPP and LEEB. Furthermore, proposed inactivation mechanisms, product-process interactions, current limitations and upscaling potential, as well as future trends and research needs for both emerging technologies, are discussed. Key findings and conclusions: CAPP and LEEB are nonthermal technologies with a high potential for the gentle decontamination of dry food surfaces. Both technologies have similarities in their inactivation mechanisms. Due to the limited penetration depth of both technologies, product-process interactions can be minimized by maintaining product quality. A first demonstrator with Technology Readiness Level (TRL) 7 for LEEB has already been introduced into the food industry for the decontamination of herbs and spices. Compared with LEEB, CAPP is at the advanced development stage with TRL 5, for which further work is essential to design systems that are scalable to industrial requirements. © 2018 The Authors
The Use of a Pressure-Indicating Film to Determine the Effect of Liner Type on the Measured Teat Load Caused by a Collapsing Liner
Creators: name: Demba, Susanne
name: Paul, Viktoria
name: Ammon, Christian
name: Rose-Meierhöfer, Sandra
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Liner collapse
subject: Machine milking
subject: Pressure sensor
subject: Sensor-based detection
subject: Teat load
subject: 620

description: During milking the teat cup liner is the interface between the teat of a dairy cow and the milking system, so it should be very well adapted to the teat. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of liner type on the directly measuring teat load caused by a collapsing liner with a pressure-indicating film. The Extreme Low pressure-indicating film was used to detect the effect of six different liners on teat load. For each liner, six positions in the teat cup were specified, and six repetitions were performed for each position with a new piece of film each time. Analysis of variance was performed to detect differences between the six liners, the positions within a liner, and the measuring areas. The pressure applied to the teat by a liner depends on the technical characteristics of the liner, especially the shape of the barrel, and for all tested liners, a higher teat load was found at the teat end. In conclusion, with the help of pressure-indicating film, it is possible to determine the different effects of liner type by directly measuring teat load due to liner collapse. © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
The Braid Indices of the Reverse Parallel Links of Alternating Knots
Creators: name: Diao, Yuanan
name: Morton, Hugh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57K10, 57K31

description: The braid indices of most links remain unknown as there is no known universal method that can be used to determine the braid index of an arbitrary knot. This is also the case for alternating knots. In this paper, we show that if $K$ is an alternating knot, then the braid index of any reverse parallel link of $K$ can be precisely determined. More precisely, if $D$ is a reduced diagram of $K$, $v_+(D)$ ($v_-(D)$) is the number of regions in the checkerboard shading of $D$ for which all crossings are positive (negative), $w(D)$ is the writhe of $D$, then the braid index of a reverse parallel link of $K$ with framing $f$, denoted by $\mathbb{K}_f$, is given by the following precise formula $$\textbf{b}(\mathbb{K}_f)=\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} c(D)+2+a(D)-f, &\ {\rm if}\ f < a(D),\\ c(D)+2, &\ {\rm if}\ a(D)\le f \le b(D),\\ c(D)+2-b(D)+f, &\ {\rm if}\ f > b(D),\\ \end{array} \right.
 $$ where $a(D)=-v_-(D)+w(D)$ and $b(D)=v_+(D)+w(D)$.
description: 15 pages, 2 figures
Charge transfer and metallicity in LaNiO$_3$/LaMnO$_3$ superlattices
Creators: name: Lopez-Bezanilla, Alejandro
name: Arsenault, Louis-François
name: Bhattacharya, Anand
name: Littlewood, Peter B.
name: Millis, Andrew J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by recent experiments, we use the $+U$ extension of the generalized gradient approximation to density functional theory to study superlattices composed of alternating layers of LaNiO$_3$ and LaMnO$_3$. For comparison we also study a rocksalt ((111) double perovskite) structure and bulk LaNiO$_3$ and LaMnO$_3$. A Wannier function analysis indicates that band parameters are transferable from bulk to superlattice situations with the exception of the transition metal d-level energy, which has a contribution from the change in d-shell occupancy. The charge transfer from Mn to Ni is found to be moderate in the superlattice, indicating metallic behavior, in contrast to the insulating behavior found in recent experiments, while the rocksalt structure is found to be insulating with a large Mn-Ni charge transfer. We suggest a high density of cation antisite defects may account for the insulating behavior experimentally observed in short-period superlattices.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
When the East Meets the West in Singapore. Introduction to the Proceedings of the Fourth CCS Satellite Symposium on Complex Systems and Education: Applications in Language Pedagogy, Assessment, and Complexity Learning
Creators: name: Sun, He
Publisher: name: International Journal of Complexity in Education
Year: 2023

description: The Conference on Complex Systems (CCS) is one of the most important annual meetings for researchers and educators in the complex systems research community worldwide. In 2019, CCS was held for the first time in Asia, where increasingly more exciting work on complexity has been conducted in recent years. The conference took place in Singapore, where East meets West, accommodating the great minds of both cultures in the dynamic city-country. A one-day satellite symposium on complexity and education was organized by Matthijs Koopmans, Hiroki Sayama, Dimitrios Stamovlasis, Vahid Aryadoust, and me at National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University on October 2nd, 2019, carrying on the spirit of adopting a complexity perspective to explore burning and pertinacious issues in education. This satellite specifically addressed the conceptual and methodological issues: what and how nonlinear analytical methods can be used in the empirical investigations of complexity and education.
description: International Journal of Complexity in Education, Vol 1, No 2 (2020)
Granular packing as model glass formers
Creators: name: Wang, Yujie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Static granular packings are model hard-sphere glass formers. The nature of glass transition has remained a hotly debated issue. We review recent experimental progresses in using granular materials to study glass transitions. We focus on the growth of glass order with five-fold symmetry in granular packings and relate the findings to both geometric frustration and random first-order phase transition theories.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures
Determinants of study participants’ trust in embedded artificial intelligence: a systematic review protocol
Creators: name: Cains, Mariana
name: Bostrom, Ann
name: Smith, Erin
name: Wirz, Christopher
name: Campbell, Susan
name: Radford, Jacob
name: Demuth, Julie
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
subject: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
subject: Computer Sciences
subject: Cognition and Perception
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics
subject: trust in AI

description: The AI Institute for Research on Trustworthy AI in Weather, Climate, and Coastal Oceanography (AI2ES) serves as a collaborative hub, engaging partners from academic institutions, NSF NCAR, NOAA, and private industry. It promotes ethical artificial intelligence (AI) application in weather, climate, and oceanography and seeks to better serve both professional study participants evaluating AI-assisted evidence and the broader public affected by these decisions by developing trustworthy AI.

The study of trust in AI applications, highlighted in existing reviews, lacks a nuanced understanding of users’ trust in embedded AI systems (i.e., algorithms that are not obviously visible, that lack an external identity obvious to nontechnical study participants) (Bostrom et al., in press). This understanding is deemed critical for supporting professional study participants facing impactful decisions in the domains of weather, climate, and oceanography informed by models in which AI (specifically machine learning) is or will in future likely be embedded. Our goal is thus to survey the field of users’ trust in embedded AI specifically, focusing on empirical studies of trust in embedded AI published since 2010 to discover what factors influence user trust in embedded AI systems and what evidence supports those claims.

Search strings were iteratively developed to capture four concepts: embeddedness, AI, trust, and study participant involvement. A common set of terms was adapted for use in each of the following databases: Web of Science, JSTOR, Compendex, PsycInfo, and Google Scholar. Only full-text, English language results published between 2010 and 2024 (exact dates of search to be listed in final publication) will be included.

The Covidence platform will be used to manage results and record determinations from the title/abstract and full-text screening steps and to document data extracted from the included studies. Pilot efforts will give all authors a common understanding of the screening and data extraction processes, and resolution plans are detailed when authors are unsure or disagree at any step.

We will develop a narrative synthesis, likely including both qualitative and quantitative approaches, to aggregate and report the findings of this effort.
Quantity- and Quality-Based Farm Water Productivity in Wine Production: Case Studies in Germany
Creators: name: Peth, Denise
name: Drastig, Katrin
name: Prochnow, Annette
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: AgroHyd Farmmodel
subject: Germany
subject: Water productivity
subject: Wine production
subject: 690

description: The German wine sector has encountered new challenges in water management recently. To manage water resources responsibly, it is necessary to understand the relationship between the input of water and the output of wine, in terms of quantity and quality. The objectives of this study are to examine water use at the farm scale at three German wineries in Rhenish Hesse, and to develop and apply, for the first time, a quality-based indicator. Water use is analyzed in terms of wine production and wine-making over three years. After the spatial and temporal boundaries of the wineries and the water flows are defined, the farm water productivity indicator is calculated to assess water use at the winery scale. Farm water productivity is calculated using the AgroHyd Farmmodel modeling software. Average productivity on a quantity basis is 3.91 L wine per m3 of water. Productivity on a quality basis is 329.24 Oechsle per m3 of water. Water input from transpiration for wine production accounts for 99.4%-99.7% of total water input in the wineries, and, because irrigation is not used, precipitation is the sole source of transpired water. Future studies should use both quality-based and mass-based indicators of productivity. © 2017 by the authors.
Divide and Save: Splitting Workload Among Containers in an Edge Device to Save Energy and Time
Creators: name: Khoshsirat, Aria
name: Perin, Giovanni
name: Rossi, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The increasing demand for edge computing is leading to a rise in energy consumption from edge devices, which can have significant environmental and financial implications. To address this, in this paper we present a novel method to enhance the energy efficiency while speeding up computations by distributing the workload among multiple containers in an edge device. Experiments are conducted on two Nvidia Jetson edge boards, the TX2 and the AGX Orin, exploring how using a different number of containers can affect the energy consumption and the computational time for an inference task. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our splitting approach, a video object detection task is conducted using an embedded version of the state-of-the-art YOLO algorithm, quantifying the energy and the time savings achieved compared to doing the computations on a single container. The proposed method can help mitigate the environmental and economic consequences of high energy consumption in edge computing, by providing a more sustainable approach to managing the workload of edge devices.
Constraining black hole spins with low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations in soft states
Creators: name: Franchini, Alessia
name: Motta, Sara Elisa
name: Lodato, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Black hole X-ray transients show a variety of state transitions during their outburst phases, characterized by changes in their spectral and timing properties. In particular, power density spectra (PDS) show quasi periodic oscillations (QPOs) that can be related to the accretion regime of the source. We looked for type-C QPOs in the disc-dominated state (i.e. the high soft state) and in the ultra-luminous state in the RXTE archival data of 12 transient black hole X-ray binaries known to show QPOs during their outbursts. We detected 6 significant QPOs in the soft state that can be classified as type-C QPOs. Under the assumption that the accretion disc in disc-dominated states extends down or close to the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) and that type-C QPOs would arise at the inner edge of the accretion flow, we use the relativistic precession model (RPM) to place constraints on the black hole spin. We were able to place lower limits on the spin value for all the 12 sources of our sample while we could place also an upper limit on the spin for 5 sources.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Exploring the possibility of a complex-valued non-Gaussianity measure for quantum states of light
Creators: name: Pizzimenti, Andrew J.
name: Dhara, Prajit
name: Van Herstraeten, Zacharie
name: Cheng, Sijie
name: Gagatsos, Christos N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a quantity that is the differential relative entropy between a generic Wigner function and a Gaussian one. We prove that said quantity is minimized with respect to its Gaussian argument, if both Wigner functions in the argument of the Wigner differential entropy have the same first and second moments, i.e., if the Gaussian argument is the Gaussian associate of the other, generic Wigner function. Therefore, we introduce the differential relative entropy between any Wigner function and its Gaussian associate and we examine its potential as a non-Gaussianity measure. We prove that said quantity is faithful, invariant under Gaussian unitary operations, and find a sufficient condition on its monotonic behavior under Gaussian channels. We provide numerical results supporting aforesaid condition. The proposed, phase-space based non-Gaussianity measure is complex-valued, with its imaginary part possessing the physical meaning of the negative volume of the Wigner function. At the same time, the real part of this measure provides an extra layer of information, rendering the complex-valued quantity a measure of non-Gaussianity, instead of a quantity pertaining only to the negativity of the Wigner function. We examine the usefulness of our measure to non-Gaussian quantum state engineering with partial measurements.
Blueshift and Phase tunability in planar metamaterials with toroidal contribution
Creators: name: Cojocari, Maria V.
name: Schegoleva, Kristina
name: Basharin, Alexey A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a model of tunable THz metamaterials. The main advantage is the blueshift of resonance and phase tunability due to toroidal excitation in planar metallic metamolecules with incorporated silicon inductive inclusions.