cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Luminosity distance in Swiss cheese cosmology with randomized voids. II. Magnification probability distributions
Creators: name: Flanagan, Éanna É.
name: Kumar, Naresh
name: Wasserman, Ira
name: Vanderveld, R. Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the fluctuations in luminosity distances due to gravitational lensing by large scale (> 35 Mpc) structures, specifically voids and sheets. We use a simplified "Swiss cheese" model consisting of a Λ-CDM Friedman-Robertson-Walker background in which a number of randomly distributed non-overlapping spherical regions are replaced by mass compensating comoving voids, each with a uniform density interior and a thin shell of matter on the surface. We compute the distribution of magnitude shifts using a variant of the method of Holz & Wald (1998), which includes the effect of lensing shear. The standard deviation of this distribution is ~ 0.027 magnitudes and the mean is ~ 0.003 magnitudes for voids of radius 35 Mpc, sources at redshift z_s=1.0, with the voids chosen so that 90% of the mass is on the shell today. The standard deviation varies from 0.005 to 0.06 magnitudes as we vary the void size, source redshift, and fraction of mass on the shells today. If the shell walls are given a finite thickness of ~ 1 Mpc, the standard deviation is reduced to ~ 0.013 magnitudes. This standard deviation due to voids is a factor ~ 3 smaller than that due to galaxy scale structures. We summarize our results in terms of a fitting formula that is accurate to ~ 20%, and also build a simplified analytic model that reproduces our results to within ~ 30%. Our model also allows us to explore the domain of validity of weak lensing theory for voids. We find that for 35 Mpc voids, corrections to the dispersion due to lens-lens coupling are of order ~ 4%, and corrections to due shear are ~ 3%. Finally, we estimate the bias due to source-lens clustering in our model to be negligible.
Achieving an extra-high-strength yet ductile steel by synergistic effects of TRIP and maraging
Creators: name: Yang, Bo
name: He, Qiong
name: Wang, Hui
name: Wang, Cunyu
name: Guo, Fengjiao
name: Hu, Rong
name: Wang, Chang
name: Fan, Guohua
name: Wang, Qingyuan
name: Cao, Wenquan
name: Huang, Chongxiang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: A novel type of austenite–martensite dual-phase laminate steel with a yield strength of 2.2 GPa, ultimate tensile strength of 2.5 GPa, uniform elongation of 9.4% and total elongation of 12% was produced. Such unexpectable mechanical properties were mainly due to the synergistic strengthening of nanolaminate microstructure, high densities of dislocations and nanoprecipitates. The high uniform elongation at very high stress could be attributed to the strongly enhanced work hardening rate, mainly enabled by transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) of the austenite reverted by annealing, as well as the cooperative deformation and stress/strain partitioning between the austenite–martensite stacked nanolaminate. This work verifies an effective strategy of combining TRIP and maraging to achieve both ultrahigh strength and high ductility of steel.
A new model, algorithm and computer tool to optimize overlapping of design activities in construction projects
Creators: name: Dehghan, Reza
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2011

description: Bibliography: p. 223-238
description: Many pages are in colour.
description: An effective and well known technique for earlier completion of construction projects is to overlap the project activities or phases that normally would be performed in sequence. Overlapping is inherently risky because it increases project uncertainties, rework, complexity, and eventually cost. For a typical construction project, a huge number of overlapping strategies exist which all can result in the same timesaving. However, the cost of these strategies varies significantly depending on the total rework and complexity they generate. A favourable overlapping strategy is one that generates the required timesaving at the minimum cost. To find the favourable overlapping strategy, the question "Which activities have to be overlapped and to which extent to reduce the project duration at the minimum cost?" should be answered. This research aimed at answering the question through generating an overlapping optimization algorithm. The scope of the research covers any type of activities in the design phase. A combinatory research methodology, a combination of qualitative and analytical approaches, was customized to conduct the research. Interviews and focus groups were the research instruments in the qualitative part. The analytical part included developing the overlapping optimization algorithm and its associated computer tool. The research generated three deliverables: An overlapping model, an overlapping optimization algorithm, and an overlapping optimization computer tool. The overlapping model explains the overlapping mechanism. The computer tool works based on the overlapping optimization algorithm and assesses various overlapping strategies and identifies the least expensive strategies. The tool is actually a cost evaluation module linked to a commercial project scheduling software (MS Project). This computer tool is so user-friendly that any scheduler or cost controller can easily run it and modify the schedule accordingly. The computer tool is unique and new as so far no similar tools exist in industry or academia. It can optimize overlaps in large and complex project schedules in fairly short processing times. It is able to handle multi-path networks and all types of activity dependencies. The tool takes all activities, critical and non-critical, into account and follows the critical path if the critical path changes or new critical paths emerge. The tool can also take resource limitations and schedule constraints into account.
Randomised, cross-over trial on the effect of isotonic and isometric exercise on pain and strength in proximal hamstring tendinopathy: trial protocol
Creators: name: Rich, Aidan
name: Cook, Jilliane Leigh
name: Hahne, Andrew John
name: Ebonie Kendra Rio
name: Ford, Jon
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: BackgroundProximal hamstring tendinopathy (PHT) is a condition that occurs at all ages and levels of sporting participation. Presenting as localised lower buttock pain with tasks such as squatting and sitting, it can cause disability with sport, work and other activities of daily living. Recent research has investigated the effect of isometric exercise on pain and strength with a range of tendinopathies but there are no published studies on PHT. This protocol paper details a study investigating the effectiveness of isometric compared with isotonic exercise on pain and strength in people with PHT.Methods/DesignThe study is a prospective, cross-over randomised controlled trial (RCT). Twenty participants with PHT, recruited from the local community and sporting clubs will be recruited for the study. Participants will receive one session of isotonic hamstring strength exercises and one session of isometric hamstring exercise, with random allocation to the order of intervention.Primary outcomes will be hamstring strength measured with a dynamometer and pain with a functional task, assessed immediately following and 45 min after intervention. A secondary outcome will be pain with sitting assessed 24 hours after intervention.The effect of isotonic versus isometric exercise on hamstring pain and strength will be determined using a repeated measures linear mixed model. Further analyses will determine the proportion of patients with clinically important pain and strength improvements, using relative risks, χ2 testing and number needed to treat.DiscussionThis RCT protocol will investigate the effect of isometric compared with isotonic exercise for PHT.
Assessing how policies enable or constrain the resilience of farming systems in the European Union: Case study results
Creators: name: Feindt, Peter
name: Termeer, Katiren
name: Candel, Jeroen
name: Buitenhuis, Yannick
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: The Resilience Assessment Tool (ResAT) builds on broad academic literature that has identified characteristics of resilience-enhancing policies. However, it adds a distinction between policy characteristics that enhance either robustness, adaptability or transformability. This report presents the findings from an application of the Resilience Assessment Tool in eleven case studies across Europe to assess whether and how the current configuration of EU and national policies supports or constrains the capacity of regional farming systems to cope with the range of novel challenges. Understanding the CAP’s effects on the resilience of regional farming systems requires an analysis of the interactions between the CAP and various other policies, which occur not only within the sector, but also across sectors and jurisdictional levels.
description: EU; en; contact: peter.feindt@wur.nl
Quantifying reflexivity in financial markets: towards a prediction of flash crashes
Creators: name: Filimonov, Vladimir
name: Sornette, Didier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: General Finance (q-fin.GN)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We introduce a new measure of activity of financial markets that provides a direct access to their level of endogeneity. This measure quantifies how much of price changes are due to endogenous feedback processes, as opposed to exogenous news. For this, we calibrate the self-excited conditional Poisson Hawkes model, which combines in a natural and parsimonious way exogenous influences with self-excited dynamics, to the E-mini S&P 500 futures contracts traded in the Chicago Mercantile Exchange from 1998 to 2010. We find that the level of endogeneity has increased significantly from 1998 to 2010, with only 70% in 1998 to less than 30% since 2007 of the price changes resulting from some revealed exogenous information. Analogous to nuclear plant safety concerned with avoiding "criticality", our measure provides a direct quantification of the distance of the financial market to a critical state defined precisely as the limit of diverging trading activity in absence of any external driving.
KELT-2Ab: A Hot Jupiter Transiting the Bright (V=8.77) Primary Star of a Binary System
Creators: name: Beatty, Thomas G.
name: Pepper, Joshua
name: Siverd, Robert J.
name: Eastman, Jason D.
name: Bieryla, Allyson
name: Latham, David W.
name: Buchhave, Lars A.
name: Jensen, Eric L. N.
name: Manner, Mark
name: Stassun, Keivan G.
name: Gaudi, B. Scott
name: Berlind, Perry
name: Calkins, Michael L.
name: Collins, Karen
name: DePoy, Darren L.
name: Esquerdo, Gilbert A.
name: Fulton, Benjamin J.
name: Fürész, Gábor
name: Geary, John C.
name: Gould, Andrew
name: Hebb, Leslie
name: Kielkopf, John F.
name: Marshall, Jennifer L.
name: Pogge, Richard
name: Stanek, K. Z.
name: Stefanik, Robert P.
name: Street, Rachel
name: Szentgyorgyi, Andrew H.
name: Trueblood, Mark
name: Trueblood, Patricia
name: Stutz, Amelia M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of KELT-2Ab, a hot Jupiter transiting the bright (V=8.77) primary star of the HD 42176 binary system. The host is a slightly evolved late F-star likely in the very short-lived "blue-hook" stage of evolution, with $\teff=6148\pm48{\rm K}$, $\log{g}=4.030_{-0.026}^{+0.015}$ and $\feh=0.034\pm0.78$. The inferred stellar mass is $M_*=1.314_{-0.060}^{+0.063}$\msun\ and the star has a relatively large radius of $R_*=1.836_{-0.046}^{+0.066}$\rsun. The planet is a typical hot Jupiter with period $4.11379\pm0.00001$ days and a mass of $M_P=1.524\pm0.088$\mj\ and radius of $R_P=1.290_{-0.050}^{+0.064}$\rj. This is mildly inflated as compared to models of irradiated giant planets at the $\sim$4 Gyr age of the system. KELT-2A is the third brightest star with a transiting planet identified by ground-based transit surveys, and the ninth brightest star overall with a transiting planet. KELT-2Ab's mass and radius are unique among the subset of planets with $V<9$ host stars, and therefore increases the diversity of bright benchmark systems. We also measure the relative motion of KELT-2A and -2B over a baseline of 38 years, robustly demonstrating for the first time that the stars are bound. This allows us to infer that KELT-2B is an early K-dwarf. We hypothesize that through the eccentric Kozai mechanism KELT-2B may have emplaced KELT-2Ab in its current orbit. This scenario is potentially testable with Rossiter-McLaughlin measurements, which should have an amplitude of $\sim$44 m s$^{-1}$.
description: 9 pages, 2 tables, 4 figures. A short video describing this paper is available at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wVS8lnkXXlE. Revised to reflect the ApJL version. Note that figure 4 is not in the ApJL version
Advanced spectral methods for climatic time series
Creators: name: Allen, M. R.
name: Ghil, Michael
name: Dettinger, M. D.
name: Ide, K.
name: Kondrashov, D.
name: Mann, M. E.
name: Robertson, Andrew W.
name: Saunders, A.
name: Tian, Y.
name: Varadi, F.
name: Yiou, P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Atmosphere
subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: The analysis of univariate or multivariate time series provides crucial information to describe, understand, and predict climatic variability. The discovery and implementation of a number of novel methods for extracting useful information from time series has recently revitalized this classical field of study. Considerable progress has also been made in interpreting the information so obtained in terms of dynamical systems theory. In this review we describe the connections between time series analysis and nonlinear dynamics, discuss signal-to-noise enhancement, and present some of the novel methods for spectral analysis. The various steps, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of these methods, are illustrated by their application to an important climatic time series, the Southern Oscillation Index. This index captures major features of interannual climate variability and is used extensively in its prediction. Regional and global sea surface temperature data sets are used to illustrate multivariate spectral methods. Open questions and further prospects conclude the review.
title: Groundwater modelling for monitoring purposes in construction projects
title: Hydrology days 2004
titleType: AlternativeTitle
title: AGU hydrology days 2004
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Miracapillo, Cinzia
name: Colorado State University, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2004

description: 24th annual AGU hydrology days was held at Colorado State University on March 10-12, 2004.
description: Includes bibliographical references.
description: Constructions underneath the water table involving the drawing down of the water table to a prescribed level modify the groundwater flow field. The groundwater flow field around the construction site is simulated using mathematical models. Attention is focused on three situations, namely, the situations before, during and after construction. These are chosen as representative of the undisturbed situation, of the strongest impact during the construction phase and of the long term impact after construction. The study of the above-mentioned scenarios within a groundwater monitoring program offers a useful tool in order to quantify the impact of the project on groundwater systems.
Dynamics and drivers of per capita CO2 emissions in Asia
Creators: name: Parker, Steven
name: Bhatti, Ishaq
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 3802
subject: Econometrics
subject: FOS: Economics and business
classificationCode: 3502
subject: Banking, finance and investment
classificationCode: 3801
subject: Applied economics

description: No description supplied.
title: BIRADS 3 in mammography and ultrasound: imaging challenges and main confounding factors.
Creators: name: Cordeiro de Macedo Pontes, Írline
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Education and training
subject: Education
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Mammography
subject: Breast

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Identify the main imaging features from category BI-RADS 3 in mammography and ultrasound. Recognize some specific situations in which the BI-RADS 3 category may be used. Expose pitfalls in regards the identification and correct classification of...
Evaluation of a Fotonovela to Increase Depression Knowledge and Reduce Stigma Among Hispanic Adults
Creators: name: Unger, Jennifer B.
name: Cabassa, Leopoldo J.
name: Molina, Gregory B.
name: Contreras, Sandra
name: Baron, Melvin
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Mental health

description: Fotonovelas—small booklets that portray a dramatic story using photographs and captions— represent a powerful health education tool for low-literacy and ethnic minority audiences. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a depression fotonovela in increasing depression knowledge, decreasing stigma, increasing self-efficacy to recognize depression, and increasing intentions to seek treatment, relative to a text pamphlet. Hispanic adults attending a community adult school (N = 157, 47.5 % female, mean age = 35.8 years, 84 % immigrants, 63 % with less than high school education) were randomly assigned to read the fotonovela or a low-literacy text pamphlet about depression. They completed surveys before reading the material, immediately after reading the material, and 1 month later. The fotonovela and text pamphlet both produced significant improvements in depression knowledge and self-efficacy to identify depression, but the fotonovela produced significantly larger reductions in antidepressant stigma and mental health care stigma. The fotonovela also was more likely to be passed on to family or friends after the study, potentially increasing its reach throughout the community. Results indicate that fotonovelas can be useful for improving health literacy among underserved populations, which could reduce health disparities.
title: A New Direct Tension Test Method for Soils and Soft Rocks
Creators: name: Li, Yanrong
name: Guan, Fanfan
name: Su, He
name: Aydin, Adnan
name: Beroya-Eitner, Mary Antonette
name: Zachert, Hauke
Publisher: name: ASTM
Year: 2021

description: Tensile strength plays a crucial role in many engineering activities involving soils and soft rocks. Currently, several methods for tensile strength determination exist, the most common of which include the direct tension method, Brazilian test, ring test, axial fracturing test, bending test, and hydraulic fracturing test. However, outstanding problems associated with these methods, e.g., undesirable eccentric forces and damage of specimen ends, significantly affect obtained tensile strength values. To overcome these problems, we propose an alternative direct tension test method together with the newly developed apparatus. The proposed method uses an annular specimen that is tension-loaded on the inner hole. The method was evaluated through a series of tests on undisturbed soil and remolded gypsum-sand mixture specimens. For validation, comparison of results between the proposed method and the International Society for Rock Mechanics (ISRM)-suggested method was performed. Based on the results of the experimental program, the proposed method is considered more capable of and more suitable for determining the tensile strength of soils and soft rocks than the ISRM-suggested method.
The future of national news agencies in Europe - Case study 2: The survival challenges for news agencies in a small market: News agencies in the Baltic countries
Creators: name: Lauk, Epp
name: Einmann, Maret
Publisher: name: London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: P Philology. Linguistics

description: As a part of the overall project of “Future of the national news agencies in Europe” this case study provides complementary explanatory information for understanding the state of the art and future prospective of European national news agencies. The case study focuses on the Baltic news agencies: BNS (Estonian and Lithuanian branches), LETA (Latvia) and ELTA (Lithuania) as examples of news services in small markets. The purpose of this study is to investigate how news agencies in small markets respond to the challenges of the Internet, digitalization and social media era that has altered their formerly indispensable position in the news ecosystem. All news agencies in the Baltic countries declare serving society with reliable and diverse information as their primary role. To survive the competition, news agencies, especially small ones, need to be innovative, creative and adaptive in improving their services and products. The Baltic case study builds on available documentation and ten interviews with editors-in-chief, CEOs and journalists.
Comparison among T1-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Modified Dixon Method, and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Measuring Bone Marrow Fat
Creators: name: Shen, Wei
name: Gong, Xiuqun
name: Weiss, Jessica
name: Jin, Ye
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Nutrition
Medicine

description: An increasing number of studies are utilizing different magnetic resonance (MR) methods to quantify bone marrow fat due to its potential role in osteoporosis. Our aim is to compare the measurements of bone marrow fat among T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), modified Dixon method (also called fat fraction MRI (FFMRI)), and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Methods. Contiguous MRI scans were acquired in 27 Caucasian postmenopausal women with a modified Dixon method (i.e., FFMRI). Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) of T1-weighted MRI and bone marrow fat fraction of the L3 vertebra and femoral necks were quantified using SliceOmatic and Matlab. MRS was also acquired at the L3 vertebra. Results. Correlation among the three MR methods measured bone marrow fat fraction and BMAT ranges from 0.78 to 0.88
title: Lumps & Bumps: How Low Do You Go? A Review of the Clinical Utility of High Frequency Ultrasound for Dermatologic Lesions
Creators: name: Ferraro, Regan
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cancer
subject: Staging
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Ultrasound-Colour Doppler
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Soft tissues / Skin
subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: Musculoskeletal
subject: Cysts
subject: Pathology
subject: Not applicable

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: The objectives for this exhibit are to: Understand the benefit of using high frequency ultrasound as a non-invasive method to characterize cutaneous lesions. Review the imaging features and characteristics of commonly encountered benign and...
Hierarchical Bayes models in engineering: theory and applications
Creators: name: Dann, Markus Reinhold
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2011

description: Bibliography: p. 229-275
description: Complex engineering systems often allow decomposition into hierarchically organized sub-systems. The objective of this work is to introduce a new method of probabilistic modeling based on so-called Hierarchical Bayes Models (HBMs ), for the stochastic representation and analysis of such engineering systems and their as ociated uncertainties. After defining the theory behind HBMs, their advantages are investigated and demonstrated in practical applications. Two applied engineering field are subsequently focused on: stochastic structural deterioration modeling and the mod ling of discrete spatial hazards and their consequences. It is concluded that the use of HBMs in engineering results in improved statistical analysis and uncertainty estimation for comprehensive risk and reliability assessment and informed decision making under uncertainty. HBMs consist of hierarchically organized random variables or random process where the lower level variables depend probabilitically on the upper level variable Local, simple stochastic relationships are the backbone of complex hierarchical model structures. HBMs also allow graphical representation of systems using directed acyclic graphs. Bayes Theorem determines the posterior probability density function of all unknown random variables conditional on known and observed quantities. Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling techniques provide numerical solutions. A HBM for stochastic deterioration processes of structures and infrastructure systems is presented. The approach takes temporal, spatial, model, and measurement uncertainties into account. Additionally, a simplified likelihood-based approach is developed for the pre-analysis of very large inspection data sets to identify critical locations that are then further examined using HBM. This is applied to pipeline corrosion defects in order to estimate the future progress of corrosion for optimal decision making regarding pipeline integrity. A second application focuses on the hierarchical analysis of natural and technological hazards (e.g. earthquakes, discrete accidents, explosions) and their consequences. A HBM is developed to estimate the spatially and temporally varying risk of hazard induced events. It serves as a real-time decision making tool for risk mitigation actions and accurate assessment of consequences based on different sources of hazard-related information.
title: MRI findings of ectopic cervical thymus on Diffusion-weighted images in five children
Creators: name: Ito, Hisataka
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Multicentre study
subject: Not applicable
subject: Retrospective
subject: Congenital
subject: Outcomes analysis
subject: Ultrasound
subject: MR
subject: Ultrasound physics
subject: Paediatric
subject: Head and neck
subject: Paediatric

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To know magnetic resonance imaging findings of ectopic cervical thymus on Diffusion-weighted...
I. The Isotopic Foldy-Wouthuysen Representation and Chiral Symmetry
Creators: name: Neznamov, V. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper introduces the isotopic Foldy-Wouthuysen representation. This representation was used to derive equations for massive interacting fermion fields. When the interaction Hamiltonian commutes with the matrix, these equations possess chiral invariance irrespective of whether fermions have mass or are massless. The isotopic Foldy-Wouthuysen representation preserves the vector and axial currents irrespective of the fermion mass value. In the Dirac representation, the axial current is preserved only for massless fermions. In the isotopic Foldy-Wouthuysen representation, the ground state of fermions (vacuum) turns out to be degenerate, and therefore there is the possibility of spontaneously breaking parity (P - symmetry). This study considers the example of constructing a chirally symmetric quantum electrodynamics framework in the isotopic Foldy-Wouthuysen representation. A number of physical processes are calculated in the lowest orders of the perturbation theory. Final results of the calculations agree with the results of the standard quantum electrodynamics.
description: 37 pages, 9 figures
The future of national news agencies in Europe - Case study 4: Business model innovation in media-owned national news agencies
Creators: name: Jääskeläinen, Atte
name: Yanatma, Servet
Publisher: name: London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: P Philology. Linguistics

description: This study examines business model innovation in media-owned national news agencies through a case-study analysis of the PA (UK); TT (Sweden), and APA (Austria).
Responding to growing competition and technological changes, the owners of the agencies mandated a search for a new business model. This paper argues that agencies diversified their businesses in two key ways: building new value-added products and services and by searching for new corporate and institutional customers. As such, they adopted an innovative diversified, model that can be conceptualized as a multi-sided platform. Due to the nature of this business model, subsidising one side of the platform may be necessary, and that explains why operating a news wire service at the core of the company even at a negative margin may be a financially viable business model.
Rock physics and seismic methods for characterizing the heterogeneity of oil sands reservoirs in the western Canadian sedimentary basin
Creators: name: Xu, Yong
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2012

description: Bibliography: p. 339-356
description: Many pages are in colour.
description: This thesis develops seismic prediction of the heavy oil reservoir heterogeneities in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin (WCSB). The thesis starts with studies on rock physics of the oil sands reservoirs in Athabasca to find the qualitative and quantitative relationships between the lithology and seismically derivable elastic parameters, which determines the feasibility of seismic applications. With an understanding of rock physics, the thesis makes seismic method developments to derive lithology sensitive elastic parameters for the qualitative and quantitative prediction of reservoir heterogeneity. The amplitude variation with offset (A VO) inversion is a well-established method to derive elastic parameters from the seismic data. But the A VO inversion is ill-posed if it derives three elastic parameters. To overcome the ill-posedness, a Bayesian constraint is naturally chosen by the industry. The thesis shows that the Bayesian estimator contains two tenns - the data term and prior term. While the data term is the solution used in most industrial practices of the A VO inversion, the complete estimate makes more sense with the help of the prior term. The practical implementation of the Bayesian A VO inversion improves the effectiveness of reliably deriving lithology-sensitive density, demonstrated in two case studies in the Athabasca oil sands. The A VO inversion provides attributes for the statistical and qualitative interpretation. It is the requirement of the quantitative reservoir characterization to convert seismic data into log-like elastic properties. An inversion scheme is designed and tested by a realistic oil sands point bar model. Three band-limited parameters from the AVO inversion are jointly inverted into absolute values by incorporating many constraints including the lateral local geology and rock physics. Seismic geometrical attributes are used to build reliable models for inversion and reservoir geometry mapping. For reliable reservoir characterizations, the seismic amplitudes should be recovered and preserved properly in data processing. The data fidelity for the extraction of elastic parameters is improved by the post-processing conditioning. Data examples show the amplitude recovery and A VO friendly processing. Developments are made on the offset­dependent tuning and NMO stretching correction and the reduction of impact on A VO by the irregularity of 3D surveys.
Additional file 1 of M2 macrophage-derived exosomal microRNAs inhibit cell migration and invasion in gliomas through PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
Creators: name: Yao, Jie
name: Wang, Zefen
name: Cheng, Yong
name: Ma, Chao
name: Zhong, Yahua
name: Xiao, Yilei
name: Gao, Xu
name: Li, Zhiqiang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1.
title: EVAR for radiologist: What surgeons need to know
Creators: name: Alonso Sánchez, Jaime
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Grafts
subject: Aneurysms
subject: Structured reporting
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: CT
subject: Vascular
subject: Interventional vascular
subject: Arteries / Aorta
subject: Vascular

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: - Highlight the role of CT scan in the management of infrarrenal aneurysm and its surgical implications. - To know the key information that radiologists should provide to surgeons through structured...
Review of Jeffrey Stout, Ethics after Babel: the Languages of Morals
and Their Discontents
Creators: name: West, Cornel
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1989
Subjects: Ethics
Religion

description: Jeffrey Stout is one of the most penetrating and provocative philosophers on the American scene. He also is the leading moral critic of a pragmatic bent concerned with the relations between secular thought and religious traditions as well as the history of modern Western ethics. In his exciting new book, Stout extends his concerns into the terrain of social criticism. Although he still grapples with the challenges of skepticism, relativism, and nihilism to his own sophisticated
historicist perspective, it is clear that the élan vital of the text is the role and function of moral discourse in contemporary American society. In my brief response to Stout's fascinating book, I shall highlight what I consider to be the fundamental contribution Stout makes to how we should do our work as cultural critics. This contribution consists of his call for a new mode of social criticism—a mode I shall dub improvisational criticism.
Ras signalling downstream of plexind1
Creators: name: Sobering, Ryan Edward
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2012

description: Bibliography: p. 109-122
description: Includes copy of animal protocol approval. Original copy with original Partial Copyright Licence.
description: Angiogenesis is a crucially important process necessary for the proper development of vertebrates. Aberrant angiogenesis is involved in a variety of diseases ranging from arteriovenus malformations to tumour vascularisation in cancer. Plexin-Semaphorin signalling provides guidance cues for migrating blood vessels and neurons. The activation of other Plexin family members is known to result in the de-activation of integrins - cell surface receptors that variably exhibit high or low binding affinities for the extra-cellular matrix. PlexinDl is an endothelial cell marker that when lost causes the disorganized growth of intersomitic blood vessels in mice and zebrafish. The PlexinD 1 -/- (out-of-bounds) phenotype has been previously characterized, but the downstream effectors of PlexinDl remain largely unknown. The intracellular component of Plexins contain a highly conserved R-RasGTPase Activating Protein motif. I hypothesized that if R-Ras was the immediate effector of PlexinDl, modulation of the GTPase activity of R­Ras or its related family member R-Ras2 would recapitulate the out-of-bounds phenotype observed in PlexinDl mutants. I found that R-Ras is not required for proper intersomitic vessel patterning and that over expression of a constitutively active R-Ras does not phenocopy out-of-bounds. Likewise I found that modulating R-Ras2 activity does not affect vascular patterning. I did find that the R-Rasi2e3 morpholino produces a strong, and even more severe out-of-bounds like phenotype, with additional ventral sprouting. This is a novel discovery which warrants further research into finding the target of this morpholino.
The future of national news agencies in Europe: Executive summary
Creators: name: Rantanen, Terhi
name: Jääskeläinen, Atte
name: Bhat, Ram
name: Stupart, Richard
name: Kelly, Anthony
Publisher: name: London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: P Philology. Linguistics

description: This report examines the state of the news industry in Europe through a study of European national news agencies. It investigates their current operations as well as their plans for the future. By doing so, it provides empirical materials and analysis for all stakeholders in news, from its producers to its users, on the decisive question of whether national news agencies in Europe have a future and if so what kind.
Additional file 4: of Young internal migrantsâ major health issues and health seeking barriers in Shanghai, China: a qualitative study
Creators: name: Yu, Chunyan
name: Lou, Chaohua
name: Cheng, Yan
name: Cui, Yuanqi
name: Lian, Qiguo
name: Wang, Ziliang
name: Gao, Ersheng
name: Wang, Ling
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: PV Guide. Photovoice Project Guide. (DOCX 23 kb)
KAM theory for lower dimensional tori within the reversible context 2
Creators: name: Sevryuk, Mikhail B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 70K43, 70H33

description: The reversible context 2 in KAM theory refers to the situation where dim Fix G < (1/2) codim T, here Fix G is the fixed point manifold of the reversing involution G and T is the invariant torus one deals with. Up to now, the persistence of invariant tori in the reversible context 2 has been only explored in the extreme particular case where dim Fix G = 0 [M. B. Sevryuk, Regul. Chaotic Dyn. 16 (2011), no. 1-2, 24-38]. We obtain a KAM-type result for the reversible context 2 in the general situation where the dimension of Fix G is arbitrary. As in the case where dim Fix G = 0, the main technical tool is J. Moser's modifying terms theorem of 1967.
description: 21 pages; dedicated to the memory of Vladimir Igorevich Arnold who is so unexpectedly gone
The future of national news agencies in Europe - Case study 1: The impact of globally changing media systems on the business and innovation policy of the European international news agencies AFP, dpa and EFE
Creators: name: Vyslozil, Wolfgang
name: Surm, Jasmin
Publisher: name: London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: P Philology. Linguistics

description: Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to delineate the influences of the globally changing media systems on the business and innovation policy of European international news agencies paying special attention to their future exemplified on the three agencies AFP, dpa and EFE.
Methodology: Case-study approach and comparative analysis including in-depth interviews with news agency representatives from AFP, dpa and EFE representing experts in the field of study.
Practical implications: This case study provides useful insights for news agency professionals as well as for researchers investigating the current and future situation both of news agencies and of globally changing media systems. It furthermore presents a valuable opportunity for professionals to deduce practical implications for the future development of their agency.
Mechanical perturbation of filamin A immunoglobulin repeats 20-21 reveals potential non-equilibrium mechanochemical partner binding function
Creators: name: Chen, Hu
name: Chandrasekar, Saranya
name: Sheetz, Michael P.
name: Stossel, Thomas P.
name: Nakamura, Fumihiko
name: Yan, Jie
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biology

description: The actin crosslinking protein filamin A (FLNa) mediates mechanotransduction, a conversion of mechanical forces into cellular biochemical signals to regulate cell growth and survival. To provide more quantitative insight into this process, we report results using magnetic tweezers that relate mechanical force to conformational changes of FLNa immunoglobulin-like repeats (IgFLNa) 20–21, previously identified as a mechanosensing domain. We determined the force magnitudes required to unfold previously identified structural organizations of the b-strands in the two domains: IgFLNa 20 unfolds at ,15 pN and IgFLNa 21 unfolding requires significantly larger forces. Unfolded domain IgFLNa 20 can exist in two different conformational states, which lead to different refolding kinetics of the IgFLNa 20 and imply a significant impact on the reformation of the domain pair at reduced force values. We discuss the relevance of the findings to force bearing and mechanosensing functions of FLNa.
Thermoelectric efficiency of topological insulators in a magnetic field
Creators: name: Tretiakov, O. A.
name: Abanov, Ar.
name: Sinova, Jairo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the thermoelectric properties of three-dimensional topological insulators in magnetic fields with many holes (or pores) in the bulk. We find that at high density of these holes in the transport direction the thermoelectric figure of merit, ZT, can be large due to the contribution of the topologically protected conducting surfaces and the suppressed phonon thermal conductivity. By applying an external magnetic field a subgap can be induced in the surface states spectrum. We show that the thermoelectric efficiency can be controlled by this tunable subgap leading to the values of ZT much greater than 1. Such high values of ZT for reasonable system parameters and its tunability by magnetic field make this system a strong candidate for applications in heat management of nanodevices, especially at low temperatures.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, Proceedings of MMM 2011
title: Neural network modeling of climate change impacts on irrigation water supplies in Arkansas River Basin
title: Hydrology days 2004
titleType: AlternativeTitle
title: AGU hydrology days 2004
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Elgaali, Elgaali
name: Garcia, Luis
name: Colorado State University, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2004

description: 24th annual AGU hydrology days was held at Colorado State University on March 10-12, 2004.
description: Includes bibliographical references.
description: The evidence of climate change is mounting. Climate change in the region that includes the Arkansas River basin may have profound effects on water users. The potential impacts of climate change include changes in snowfall, snowmelt and rainfall amount and intensities. Snowmelt is the main source of water supply in the region. Water supply is a key factor in determining agricultural potential. In scientific studies dealing with modeling irrigation water budgets, water supply is usually assumed sufficient. Such an assumption leads to critical uncertainties in these water budgets. The water supply may be affected by changes in quantity, type (snow or rain) and timing of precipitation. The possible effects of climatic changes on surface water supplies for irrigation in the Arkansas River basin are investigated using Artificial Neural Network (ANN). ANN models have been found useful and efficient, particularly in problems for which the characteristics of the process are difficult to describe using physically based models. ANN is capable of identifying complex nonlinear relationships between input and output data sets without prior knowledge of the internal structure of a system. This study presents a procedure for modeling the impacts of climate change on irrigation water supplies and demonstrates the potential ANN models for simulating such nonlinear hydrologic behavior. Precipitation over the mountains and the basin area coupled with steam flow is used to quantify the impacts of climate changes on surface water supply for irrigation. A feedforward neural network is trained to map the relation between the water diverted for irrigation (output) and the streamflow/precipitation (inputs).
title: A differential diagnosis pathway to guide genetic testing for SHH mutation
Creators: name: Seynaeve, Patrick
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Congenital
subject: Decision analysis
subject: MR
subject: CNS
subject: Neuro

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: The impact of the SHH gene mutation on brain development. Differentiation between different cystic posterior fossa malformations. A decision tree is proposed to assess the combination of a Sonic hedgehog mutation with cystic posterior fossa...
Visual Cues Given by Humans Are Not Sufficient for Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus) to Find Hidden Food
Creators: name: Plotnik, Joshua M.
name: Pokorny, Jennifer J.
name: Webb, Christine Elizabeth
name: Keratimanochaya, Titiporn
name: Beronja, Hana F.
name: Hennessy, Alice
name: Hill, James
name: Hill, Virginia J.
name: Kiss, Rebecca
name: Maguire, Caitlin
name: Melville, Beckett L.
name: Morrison, Violet M. B.
name: Seecoomar, Dannah
name: Singer, Benjamin
name: Ukehaxhaj, Jehona
name: Vlahakis, Sophia K.
name: Ylli, Dora
name: Clayton, Nicola S.
name: Roberts, John
name: Fure, Emilie L.
name: Duchatelier, Alicia P.
name: Getz, David
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Recent research suggests that domesticated species – due to artificial selection by humans for specific, preferred behavioral traits – are better than wild animals at responding to visual cues given by humans about the location of hidden food. Although this seems to be supported by studies on a range of domesticated (including dogs, goats and horses) and wild (including wolves and chimpanzees) animals, there is also evidence that exposure to humans positively influences the ability of both wild and domesticated animals to follow these same cues. Here, we test the performance of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) on an object choice task that provides them with visual-only cues given by humans about the location of hidden food. Captive elephants are interesting candidates for investigating how both domestication and human exposure may impact cue-following as they represent a non-domesticated species with almost constant human interaction. As a group, the elephants (n = 7) in our study were unable to follow pointing, body orientation or a combination of both as honest signals of food location. They were, however, able to follow vocal commands with which they were already familiar in a novel context, suggesting the elephants are able to follow cues if they are sufficiently salient. Although the elephants’ inability to follow the visual cues provides partial support for the domestication hypothesis, an alternative explanation is that elephants may rely more heavily on other sensory modalities, specifically olfaction and audition. Further research will be needed to rule out this alternative explanation.