Tripyla daviesae Zhao & Xu, 2013, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Zhao, Zeng Qi
name: Xu, Yu Mei
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy

description: Description of Tripyla daviesae sp. nov.
(Figs 2, 3 & 4)
Measurements. Table 1.
Material examined. The description presented here is based on measurements of 6 females and 5 males, extracted from a soil and litter mixture (NNCNZ slide nos 3058–3062 females; 3063–3067 males) from 0–10 cm depth of a grazed pasture, Kaitoke, New Zealand (41º 4.543 S, 175º 10.006 E). Collected Gregor Yeates, vi. 2008.
Holotype: Female, National Nematode Collection of New Zealand (NNCNZ), slide No. 278.
Paratypes: Five females, NNCNZ, slide nos 3058–3062. Five males, NNCNZ, slide nos 3063–3067.
Description. Female. Body ventrally arcuate when fixed (Fig. 2 A), posterior more curved than anterior. Cuticle distinct, 3–4 μm wide at lip region, 3–4 μm wide at cardia level, and 4–6 μm wide at mid-body part; cuticular annules 2–3 μm wide. Maximum body diameter at level of vulva. Body pores not seen.
Head rounded, smooth, continuous with body contour, narrower than adjacent body (Fig. 2 C). Inner labial papillae very small, distinguishable mainly by inner nerves. Outer labial sensillae conical, 1.0–1.3 μm long, and four short cephalic setae setiform, 0.8–1.0 μm long, arranged in two separate circles. Stoma walls widened slightly, dorsal tooth large, wedge-shaped, triangular; two tiny subventral teeth in stomatal chamber 5–6 μm anterior to dorsal tooth. Amphids cup-like with transverse oval opening, 11–13 μm from anterior end (Fig. 2 C).
Three prominent cells located at the pharyngeal-intestinal junction (Fig. 2 A). Coelomocytes not seen.
Female genital system amphidelphic, gonad lying ventro-lateral to intestine, 425–514 μm long, distance between points of flexure comprising 34–38% of body length (Fig. 2 A). Ovaries reflexed, flex extending about 1/2 way back to vulva. Eggs present in reproductive system (Figs 2 A; 2B). Vulva simple, without protuberant lips, vagina occupying one-fourth to one-third of corresponding body diameter, pore-shaped in lateral view (Figs 2 A; 2B), two glands containing granules present with fine ducts opening into the vagina close to the vulva, sclerotised pieces seen in the vaginal area.
Intestine showing undulating walls and a broad lumen. No distinct prerectum. Rectum 31-35 μm long. Tail curved ventrally and narrowing evenly. Three tandem caudal glands (Fig. 2 A); spinneret terminal, 5–7 μm long (Fig. 2 A).
Male. Morphology similar to that of females (Fig. 3). Body C-shaped when fixed. Testis outstretched; developing germ cells in single file (Fig. 3 A). Spicules horn-shaped, ventrally slightly curved, 37–42 μm long along mid-line (Fig. 3 C). Gubernaculum 12–17 μm long, crescent-shaped, surrounded by a muscular spicule pouch. Four to five ventromedian supplementary papillae observed in pharyngeal region (Fig. 3 C). Tail curved ventrally (Fig. 3 A), with conspicuous, terminal spinneret (Fig. 3 D).
Diagnosis and relationships. Tripyla daviesae sp. nov. is characterized by its short body length (L = 1143– 1363 μm), relatively anterior vulva (V = 50–51%), and length of the gubernaculum (13–17 μm). It belongs to the short-tail and short-setae group of the genus.
Based on data provided by Andrássy (2007) and Brzeski & Winiszewska-Ślipińska (1993) and observations presented here, T. daviesae sp. nov. resembles T. affinis and T. tirau sp. nov. in having similar body size, but differs from them by the more anterior vulva position (V = 50–51% vs V = 51–56% and V = 56–60%, respectively). Tripyla daviesae sp. nov. also differs from T. affinis in the gubernaculum length (13–17 vs 9–13 µm).
That T. daviesae sp. nov. is a distinct species is confirmed by molecular data from sequencing of SSU (Fig. 1). It differed from T. affinis by 2.0% (33 in 1658bp) for SSU, from T. tirau sp. nov. by 1.6% (26 in 1662bp) for SSU, and from T. napaensis by 1.95% (32 in 1645bp) for SSU.
Etymology. The species, daviesae, is named in honour of my PhD supervisor, Dr Kerrie Davies, The University of Adelaide, Australia.
Description of Tripyla tirau sp. nov. (Figs 5, 6 & 7)
Measurements. Table 2.
Material examined. The description presented here is based on measurements of 16 females and 1 male. Holotype female and 5 paratypes (NNCNZ slide nos 3070–3073 females; 3074 male) extracted from a soil and litter mixture from 0–10 cm depth by a steep wall on the road side, Fitzgerald Glade Cafe, Waikato, New Zealand (38º 0.030 S, 175º 52.557 E). Collector Zeng Qi Zhao, 0 9 xi. 2007. Eleven paratypes (NNCNZ slide nos 3075–3085 females) extracted from soil and litter mixture, from 0–10 cm depth under a native tree fern (Cythea medullaris), Arthur’s Pass National Park, New Zealand (42º 58.099 E, 171º 34.728 E). Collector Zeng Qi Zhao, 16 xii. 2007.
Holotype: Female, National Nematode Collection of New Zealand (NNCNZ), slide No. 279.
Paratypes: 15 females and one male. NNCNZ, slide nos 3070–3085.
Description. Female. Body ventrally arcuate when fixed (Fig. 5 A), posterior more curved than anterior. Cuticle distinct, 3.0–3.5 μm wide at lip region, 2.0–3.0 μm wide at cardia level, and 4.0–4.5 μm wide at mid-body part; cuticular annules 2.0–2.3 μm wide. Maximum body diameter at level of vulva. Body pores not seen.
Head rounded, smooth, continuous with body contour, narrower than adjacent body (Figs 5 A; 5B). Inner labial papillae very small, distinguishable mainly by inner nerves. Outer labial sensillae conical, 5.0–6.0 μm long or 20– 25% of head width, and four short cephalic setae setiform, 2.5–3.0 μm long or 11–14% of head width, arranged in two separate circles. Stoma walls widened slightly, dorsal tooth large, wedge-shaped, triangular; two tiny subventral teeth in stomatal chamber 3–6 μm anterior to dorsal tooth (Fig. 5 B). Amphids cup-like with transverse oval opening, 14–16 μm from anterior end (Figs 5 B; 7C).
Three prominent cells located at the pharyngeal-intestinal junction (Figs 5 B; 7D). Coelomocytes not seen.
Female genital system amphidelphic, gonad lying ventro-lateral to intestine, 151–264 μm long, distance between points of flexure comprising 15–26% of body length (Fig. 5 C). Ovaries reflexed, with flex extending 1/2 to 3/4 of the way back to vulva. Eggs present in reproductive system. Vulva simple, without protuberant lips, vagina occupying one-third of corresponding body diameter, pore-shaped in lateral view (Figs 5 A; 5C), two glands containing granules present with fine ducts opening into the vagina close to the vulva, sclerotised pieces seen in the vaginal area.
Intestine showing undulating walls and a broad lumen. No distinct prerectum. Rectum 24–27 μm long. Tail curved ventrally and narrowing evenly. Three tandem caudal glands (Fig. 5 D); spinneret terminal, 11–12 μm long (Figs 5 A; 5D).
Male. Morphologically, similar to females (Fig. 6). Body C-shaped when fixed (only one specimen). Testis outstretched; developing germ cells in single file. Spicules horn-shaped, ventrally slightly curved, 37 μm long along mid-line (Figs 6; 7F), surrounded by a muscular spicule pouch. Gubernaculum 11 μm long, crescent-shaped. Four ventromedian supplementary papillae observed in pharyngeal region. Tail curved ventrally, with conspicuous terminal spinneret (Fig. 6).
Diagnosis and relationships. Tripyla tirau sp. nov. is characterized by its short body length (L = 930–1214 μm) and posterior vulva (V = 56–60%). Tripyla tirau sp. nov. belongs to the short-tails with long cephalic setae group of species.
Based on the measurements provided by Brzeski & Winiszewska-Ślipińska (1993), Andrássy (2007) and Cid Del Prado Vera et al., (2010), the female of T. tirau sp. nov. is similar to that of T. setifera Bütschli, 1873 and T. tropica Cid Del Prado Vera, Ferris & Nadler, 2010 in body size. However, it can be distinguished from T. setifera and T. tropica by its de Man’s index a (a = 19.7–25.0 vs 24–31 and 28.6–39.7, respectively), usually more posterior vulva position (V = 56–60% vs V = 51–57% and V = 52–56%, respectively) (with the exception of two specimens from Korea (V = 58–59%) and the specimens from Andrássy (2007) (V = 52–60%)), and long spinneret terminal (11–12 vs 5–7 (no data from Andrássy), and 4–6 μm). It can be distinguished from T. setifera, from Korea, by its relatively short tail (c = 7.9–9.8 vs c =7.4–7.7).
Tripyla tirau sp. nov. also resembles T. affinis and T. daviesae sp. nov. by having similar body size, but differs from them by having a more posterior vulva (V = 56–60% vs V = 51–56% and V = 50–51%, respectively).
Brzeski & Winiszewska-Ślipińska (1993) treated T. setifera as a single variable species. They stated that the length and shape of outer labial sensillae of T. setifera are more variable than in other species of the genus. This suggests that it is probable that more than one species is presently included under T. setifera. Comparing T. tirau sp. nov. with T. setifera as studied by Brzeski & Winiszewska-Ślipińska (1993), the length of the outer labial sensillae of T. tirau sp. nov. overlapped with those of T. setifera (5.0–6.0 vs 5–10 μm). However, the spinneret of T. tirau sp. nov. was longer than that of T. setifera (11–12 vs 5–7 μm) and the tail is shorter than in T. setifera. Therefore, T. tirau sp. nov. is treated here as a new species.
Based on the SSU molecular phylogenetic studies (Fig. 1), T. tirau sp. nov. differed from T. affinis by 1.7 % (29 in 1662 bp), T. daviesae sp. nov. by 1.6% (26 in 1662 bp), and T. napaensis by 0.9% (15 in 1639 bp). Etymology. Tirau refers to the type locality. It is used here as a noun in apposition.
Re-description of Tripyla affinis de Man 1880. (Figs 8, 9)
Measurements. Table 3.
Material examined. The re-description presented here is based on measurements of 16 specimens (NNCNZ slide nos 3090–3106 females) from 0–10 cm soil under a willow tree, on the side of Lake Pearson, New Zealand (43º 05.636 S, 171º 46.801 E), collector Zeng Qi Zhao, 16 xii. 2007; nine specimens (NNCNZ slide nos 3107–3115 females) from 0–10 cm soil and wet grass, Arthur Pass National Park, New Zealand (42º 54.440 S, 171º 33.595 E); collector Zeng Qi Zhao, 16 xii. 2007; 10 specimens (NNCNZ slide nos 3116–3125 females) from 0–10 cm soil and litter mix under a native tree, at Waitarua Reserve, Auckland, New Zealand (36º 53.069 S, 174º 49.925 E); collector Zeng Qi Zhao, 25. iii. 2008; 20 specimens (NNCNZ slide nos 3126–3145 females) from 0–10 cm soil and litter mix, Western Springs, Auckland, New Zealand (36º 51.985 S, 174º 43.400 E); collector Zeng Qi Zhao, 25. iii. 2008.
Description. Female. Body ventrally arcuate when fixed (Fig. 8 A), posterior part more curved than anterior. Cuticle distinct, respectively, 3.0–3.5 μm wide at lip region, 3.0–4.0 μm wide at cardia level, and 2.2–5.0 μm wide at mid-body part; cuticular annules 2.2–2.3 μm wide. Maximum body diameter at level of vulva. Body pores not seen.
Head rounded, smooth, slightly flat, continuous with body contour, narrower than adjacent body (Figs 8 A; 9A). Inner labial papillae very small, distinguishable mainly by inner nerves. Outer labial sensillae conical, 1.0–1.3 μm long and four short cephalic setae setiform, 0.8–1.0 μm long, arranged in two separate circles. Stoma walls widened slightly, dorsal tooth large, wedge-shaped, triangular; two tiny subventral teeth in stomatal chamber 4.0– 5.0 μm anterior to dorsal tooth (Fig. 8 B). Amphids cup-like with transverse oval opening, 11–15 μm from anterior end (Figs 8 B; 9C).
Three prominent cells located at the pharyngeal-intestinal junction (Fig. 9D). Coelomocytes not seen.
Female genital system amphidelphic, gonad lying ventro-lateral to intestine, 188–341 μm long, comprising 17–28% of body length between points of flexure (Figs 8 A; 8D). Ovaries reflexed, with flex extending 1/2 to 3/4 of the way back to vulva. Eggs present in some reproductive systems. Vulva simple, without protuberant lips, vagina occupying one-third of corresponding body diameter, pore-shaped in lateral view (Figs 8 D; 9E), two glands containing granules present with fine ducts opening into the vagina close to the vulva, sclerotised pieces seen in the vaginal area.
Intestine showing undulating walls and a broad lumen. No distinct prerectum. Rectum 22–28 μm long. Tail curved ventrally and narrowing evenly. Three tandem caudal glands (Fig. 8 A); spinneret terminal, 5–8 μm long (Figs 8 C; 9G).
Remarks. Tripyla affinis generally occurs in wet soil habitats, especially in meadow soil (Brzeski & Winiszewska-Ślipińska 1993). It has been reported from three continents: Europe (Austria, Britain, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Germany, Italy, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Slovenia, Russia Sweden, The Netherlands and Ukraine,) (Andrássy 2007), Asia (China) (Brzeski & Winiszewska-Ślipińska 1993; Fauna Europaea, 2012, version 2.5; Kuzmin 1977; Wu et al. 1997), and Oceania (New Zealand) (Yeates 2010). However, this is the first report of this species from New Zealand with a full description of the adult females and also from the Southern Hemisphere.
In general, the present specimens correspond well to the descriptions given by Brzeski & Winiszewska- Ślipińska (1993). Tripyla affinis belongs to the short-tail (c = 5.5–7.1) and short-setae (six longer cephalic setae = 3–4 μm long) group of species.
description: Published as part of Zhao, Zeng Qi & Xu, Yu Mei, 2013, New Zealand species of the genus Tripyla Bastian, 1865 (Nematoda: Triplonchida: Tripylidae). II: Two new, a known species and key to species, pp. 432-449 in Zootaxa 3637 (4) on pages 435-443, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3637.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/223100