cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Properties of weighted complex networks
Creators: name: Xu, Xin-Jian
name: Wu, Zhi-Xi
name: Wang, Ying-Hai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study two kinds of weighted networks, weighted small-world (WSW) and weighted scale-free (WSF). The weight $w_{ij}$ of a link between nodes $i$ and $j$ in the network is defined as the product of endpoint node degrees; that is $w_{ij}=(k_{i}k_{j})^θ$. In contrast to adding weights to links during networks being constructed, we only consider weights depending on the `` popularity\rq\rq of the nodes represented by their connectivity. It was found that the both weighted networks have broad distributions on characterization the link weight, vertex strength, and average shortest path length. Furthermore, as a survey of the model, the epidemic spreading process in both weighted networks was studied based on the standard \emph{susceptible-infected} (SI) model. The spreading velocity reaches a peak very quickly after the infection outbreaks and an exponential decay was found in the long time propagation.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures
The Role of area-yield crop insurance program face to the Mid-term Review of Common Agricultural Policy
Creators: name: Serrao, Amilcar
name: Coelho, Luis
name: Serrao, Amilcar
name: Coelho, Luis
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Cumulative Propospect Theory
subject: Mid-Term Review of the Common Agricultural Policy
subject: Discrete Sequential Stochastic Programming Model
subject: Area-Yield Crop Insurance program

description: The mid-term review of Common Agricultural Policy increases the complexity of the decision-making process of farmers. The subsidies are substituted for a single decoupled income payment. The farmers decide what crops and livestock will produce based on climate, soils conditions and agricultural market signals and not based on subsidies granted to each one of the crop and livestock activities. The area-yield crop insurance program might have an important role on increasing production and facing natural catastrophes. This paper studies the introduction of the area-yield crop insurance program to reduce the risk originating from the variability of farmers' income and to compare this alternative with other agricultural policy alternatives in the context of the mid-term review of Common Agricultural Policy. The comparison of the introduction of the area-yield crop insurance program with other agricultural policy alternatives is made through an approach using concepts of the Cumulative Prospect Theory, because besides defining that the results are appraised in agreement with changes in relation to the initial wealth, this theory treats in a differentiated way gains and losses. A discrete sequential stochastic programming model with five states of nature is developed to study agricultural policy alternatives. The objective function is constituted by a set of functions (the value function and the probability weighting function) differentiated for gains and losses, in that the total value of the game is given by the sum of the positive and negative components. The value functions and the weighting probabilities are elicited by the Trade-off and Certainty Equivalent methods for a group of farmers in the Alentejo dryland region of Portugal. The set of constraint restrictions describes the environment in which the Alentejo farmers develop their crop and livestock activities in all their components: production, financial, marketing and taxes. Model results show the introduction of the area-yield crop insurance program with full decoupling of income payments from agricultural production under the mid-term review of the Common Agricultural Policy has positive effects in the agricultural production. This new Agricultural Policy guarantees a minimum farm income, while the area-yield crop insurance program allows making face to the agricultural production variability and avoids the abandonment of the farming activity in the Alentejo dryland region.
Trajectory Design and Power Allocation for Drone-Assisted NR-V2X Network with Dynamic NOMA/OMA
Creators: name: Abbasi, Omid
name: Yanikomeroglu, Halim
name: Ebrahimi, Afshin
name: Yamchi, Nader Mokari
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this paper, we find trajectory planning and power allocation for a vehicular network in which an unmanned-aerial-vehicle (UAV) is considered as a relay to extend coverage for two disconnected far vehicles. We show that in a two-user network with an amplify-and-forward (AF) relay, non-orthogonal-multiple-access (NOMA) always has better or equal sum-rate in comparison to orthogonal-multiple-access (OMA) at high signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) regime. However, for the cases where i) base station (BS)-to-relay link is weak, or ii) two users have similar links, or iii) BS-to-relay link is similar to relay-to-weak user link, applying NOMA has negligible sum-rate gain. Hence, due to the complexity of successive-interference-cancellation (SIC) decoding in NOMA, we propose a dynamic NOMA/OMA scheme in which OMA mode is selected for transmission when applying NOMA has only negligible gain. Also, we show that OMA always has better min-rate than NOMA at high SNR regime. Further, we formulate two optimization problems which maximize the sum-rate and min-rate of the two vehicles. These problems are non-convex, and hence we propose an iterative algorithm based on alternating-optimization (AO) method which solves trajectory and power allocation sub-problems by successive-convex-approximation (SCA) and difference-of-convex (DC) methods, respectively. Finally, the above-mentioned performance is confirmed by simulations.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
U.S. Agricultural Labor Out-migration Determinants, 1939-2004
Creators: name: Zhang, Xinxin
name: Van Der Sluis, Evert
name: Zhang, Xinxin
name: Van Der Sluis, Evert
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: Using annual U.S. time series data from 1939 to 2004, we assess economic determinants of migration out of agriculture for four groups of migrants in the United States hired farm workers, farm operators, farm family workers, and a composite group of farm workers. For each group, various specifications of the farm-nonfarm labor returns differential are major determinants of agricultural out-migration. Conservation program payments contribute to hired farm worker out-migration, stave off farm family worker migration, but do not affect migration for farm operators and total agricultural workers. Federal income and price support payments fail to slow out-migration the four groups. Increased agricultural land values reduce the flow of both hired farm workers and farm operators out of agriculture, but do not contribute to out-migration of farm family workers and agricultural workers in general. Off-farm income suppresses total agricultural labor out-migration. Our findings suggests the need for alternative government policies such as those directly affecting job creation and rural economic developing efforts to stem farm employment losses and to maintain the rural economic viability.
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 06/01/06.
Islands in the Lambda-sea: An alternative cosmological model
Creators: name: Dutta, Sourish
name: Vachaspati, Tanmay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an alternate cosmological model in which our observable universe is an island in a cosmological constant sea. Initially the universe is filled with cosmological constant of the currently observed value but is otherwise empty. In this eternal or semi-eternal de Sitter spacetime, we show that local quantum fluctuations (upheavals) can violate the null energy condition and create islands of matter. The perturbation spectra of quantum fields other than that responsible for the upheaval, are shown to be scale invariant. With further cosmic evolution the island disappears and the local universe returns to its initial cosmological constant dominated state.
description: 11 pages. To match PRD version
Additional file 1 of Perinatal and postnatal exposures and risk of young-onset breast cancer
Creators: name: Diaz-Santana, Mary V.
name: O’Brien, Katie M.
name: D’Aloisio, Aimee A.
name: Regalado, Gloria
name: Sandler, Dale P.
name: Weinberg, Clarice R.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PRACTICES OF THE U.S. CONFECTIONERY MANUFACTURERS: 2006 SURVEY PRELIMINARY FINDINGS
Creators: name: Spaulding, Aslihan D.
name: Spaulding, Aslihan D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: This paper reports on the new product development practices of the U.S. confectionery manufacturers. A mail survey method was used to collect data. Confectionery manufacturers, specifically, new product development managers listed in the Thomas Food and Beverage Marketplace were contacted. A donation to charity on behalf of the respondents was used as an incentive to participate in the study. Analyses of the data, including graphical, descriptive, cross-tabulation, and correlation were conducted using SAS and SPSS econometric softwares and Microsoft Excel. Preliminary findings of the survey are reported in this paper.
Counting chiral primaries in N=1 d=4 superconformal field theories
Creators: name: Romelsberger, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I derive a procedure to count chiral primary states in N=1 superconformal field theories in four dimensions. The chiral primaries are counted by putting the N=1 field theory on S^3 X R. I also define an index that counts semi-short multiplets of the superconformal theory. I construct N=1 supersymmetric Lagrangians on S^3 X R for theories which are believed to flow to a conformal fixed point in the IR. For ungauged theories I reduce the field theory to a supersymmetric quantum mechanics, whereas for gauge theories I use chiral ring arguments. I count chiral primaries for SU(2) SYM with three flavors and its Seiberg dual. Those two results agree provided a new chiral ring relation holds.
description: 34 pages, significant revision
SKIN PH LEVEL IN DIFFERENT FORMS OF ACNE
Creators: name: Mirodilova, F.B.
name: Аliyev, A.Sh.
name: Kurbanova, M.
name: Abboskhonova, F.Kh.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The study included 102 patients with various forms of acne who were treated as outpatients and inpatients in a skin hospital based at the Tashkent Medical Academy. Patients were monitored for 6 months from the onset of the underlying disease. All patients with various forms of acne were analyzed the pH level of the face at five points: the forehead, both cheeks, nose and chin.
Impact of LHC vector boson production in heavy ion collisions on strange PDFs
Creators: name: Kusina, A.
name: Ježo, T.
name: Clark, D. B.
name: Duwentäster, P.
name: Godat, E.
name: Hobbs, T. J.
name: Kent, J.
name: Klasen, M.
name: Kovařík, K.
name: Lyonnet, F.
name: Muzakka, K. F.
name: Olness, F. I.
name: Schienbein, I.
name: Yu, J. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The extraction of the strange quark parton distribution function (PDF) poses a long-standing puzzle. Measurements from neutrino-nucleus deep inelastic scattering (DIS) experiments suggest the strange quark is suppressed compared to the light sea quarks, while recent studies of W/Z boson production at the LHC imply a larger strange component at small x values. As the parton flavor determination in the proton depends on nuclear corrections, e.g. from heavy-target DIS, LHC heavy ion measurements can provide a distinct perspective to help clarify this situation. In this investigation we extend the nCTEQ15 nPDFs to study the impact of the LHC proton-lead W/Z production data on both the flavor differentiation and nuclear corrections. This complementary data set provides new insights on both the LHC W/Z proton analyses and the neutrino-nucleus DIS data. We identify these new nPDFs as nCTEQ15WZ. Our calculations are performed using a new implementation of the nCTEQ code (nCTEQ++) based on C++ which enables us to easily interface to external programs such as HOPPET, APPLgrid and MCFM. Our results indicate that, as suggested by the proton data, the small x nuclear strange sea appears larger than previously expected, even when the normalization of the W/Z data is accommodated in the fit. Extending the nCTEQ15 analysis to include LHC W/Z data represents an important step as we advance toward the next generation of nPDFs.
description: nCTEQ15WZ nPDF. 21 pages, 14 figures
Incentives for Ex Ante wildfire risk mitigation in the wildland-urban interface: The relationship between contingent wildfire insurance and fuel management subsidies
Creators: name: Lankoande, Mariam D.
name: Yoder, Jonathan K.
name: Wandschneider, Philip R.
name: Lankoande, Mariam D.
name: Yoder, Jonathan K.
name: Wandschneider, Philip R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Risk and Uncertainty

description: Contingent wildfire insurance and fuel management cost-sharing programs are becoming more prevalent in western states. This paper develops a model to examine the incentive effects of these two mechanisms for private investment in wildfire risk mitigation. The model shows that contingent insurance contracts strengthen incentives for risk mitigation relative to pooled contracts and subsidies induce more risk mitigation effort by reducing margin private costs of mitigation. With pooled insurance contracts, individuals in low-risk areas subsidize the premiums of individuals living in high-risk areas, inducing too much development in high-risk areas. Subsidies can improve incentives for risk mitigation, but they also may induce excessive development in high-risk areas. Our model shows that because high-risk property owners have weak incentives to mitigate their own private risk, cost-sharing programs can be utterly ineffective at worst or extremely costly at best for inducing even second-best fuel management incentives. In contrast, contingent insurance contracts have the capacity to improve incentives for private risk reduction, and also improve the cost effectiveness of subsidy programs. The effects of these two mechanisms on development in fire-prone areas is ambiguous, but the model provides insight into the conditions under which overdevelopment is reduced with the joint use of contingent insurance and subsidy programs.
Chiral Models in Noncommutative N=1/2 Four Dimensional Superspace
Creators: name: Ryttov, Thomas A.
name: Sannino, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the component Lagrangian for a generic N=1/2 supersymmetric chiral model with an arbitrary number of fields in four space-time dimensions. We then investigate a toy model in which the deformation parameter modifies the undeformed potential near the origin of the field space in a way which suggests possible physical applications.
description: Final version to appear in Physical Review D. We have added a new section in which we show that our component action can be resummed. The final answer takes a simple compact form. We also show how differences emerge for the modified Kaehler structure with respect to the ones found in the literature. We have also added two references
Additional file 1 of Y chromosome in health and diseases
Creators: name: Lau, Yun-Fai Chris
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Examples of expression patterns of Y chromosome genes in 54 normal male (blue) and female (red) human tissues in the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) Project database, analyzed on 05/13/2020.
Colour-superconducting strangelets in the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model
Creators: name: Kiriyama, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The two-flavour colour-superconducting (2SC) phase in small strangelets is studied. In order to describe the 2SC phase we use the three-flavour Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model. We explicitly take into account finite size effects by making use of the approximation for the density of states in spherical cavities called multiple reflection expansion (MRE). The thermodynamic potential for the 2SC strangelets is derived in the mean-field approximation with the help of the MRE. We found that 2SC phase survives in small strangelets with a sizable gap. Consequences for the 2SC phases are also discussed.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures, typos and an inconsistency between text and Fig. 7 corrected
Additional file 2 of Cytokine changes during treatment of anti-Caspr2 encephalitis: a case report
Creators: name: Wei, Yi-Chia
name: Chia-Lun Wu
name: Wei-Chieh Weng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 2: Supplementary 4. CARE checklist
Nonequilibrium quantum fields from first principles
Creators: name: Berges, J.
name: Borsanyi, Sz.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Calculations of nonequilibrium processes become increasingly feasable in quantum field theory from first principles. There has been important progress in our analytical understanding based on 2PI generating functionals. In addition, for the first time direct lattice simulations based on stochastic quantization techniques have been achieved. The quantitative descriptions of characteristic far-from-equilibrium time scales and thermal equilibration in quantum field theory point out new phenomena such as prethermalization. They determine the range of validity of standard transport or semi-classical approaches, on which most of our ideas about nonequilibrium dynamics were based so far. These are crucial ingredients to understand important topical phenomena in high-energy physics related to collision experiments of heavy nuclei, early universe cosmology and complex many-body systems.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, Acta Phys. Hung. version, minor changes
Constraining X-ray reflection in the low-luminosity AGN NGC 3718 using NuSTAR and XMM--Newton
Creators: name: Diaz, Y.
name: Arévalo, P.
name: Hernández-García, L.
name: Bassani, L.
name: Malizia, A.
name: González-Martín, O.
name: Ricci, C.
name: Matt, G.
name: Stern, D.
name: May, D.
name: Zezas, A.
name: Bauer, F. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One distinctive feature of low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (LLAGN) is the relatively weak reflection features they may display in the X-ray spectrum, which can result from the disappearance of the torus with decreasing accretion rates. Some material, however, must surround the active nucleus, i.e., the accretion flow itself and, possibly, a flattened-out or thinned torus. In this work, we study whether reflection is indeed absent or undetectable due to its intrinsically weak features together with the low statistics inherent to LLAGN. Here we focus on NGC 3718 ($L/L_{\rm Edd}\sim10^{-5}$) combining observations from XMM--Newton and the deepest to date NuSTAR (0.5--79 keV) spectrum of a LLAGN, to constrain potential reflectors, and analyze how the fitted coronal parameters depend on the reflection model. We test models representing both an accretion disc (Relxill) and a torus-like (MYTorus and Borus) neutral reflector. From a statistical point of view, reflection is not required, but its inclusion allows to place strong constraints on the geometry and physical features of the surroundings: both neutral reflectors (torus) tested should be Compton thin ($N_H<10^{23.2}$cm$^{-2}$) and preferentially cover a large fraction of the sky. If the reflected light instead arises from an ionized reflector, a highly ionized case is preferred. These models produce an intrinsic power-law spectral index in the range [1.81--1.87], where the torus models result in steeper slopes. The cut-off energy of the power-law emission also changes with the inclusion of reflection models, resulting in constrained values for the disc reflectors and unconstrained values for torus reflectors.
description: 15 pages and 16 Figures
Bolocam Survey for 1.1 mm Dust Continuum Emission in the c2d Legacy Clouds. I. Perseus
Creators: name: Enoch, M. L.
name: Young, K. E.
name: Glenn, J.
name: Evans, N. J.
name: Golwala, S.
name: Sargent, A. I.
name: Harvey, P.
name: Aguirre, J.
name: Goldin, A.
name: Haig, D.
name: Huard, T. L.
name: Lange, A.
name: Laurent, G.
name: Maloney, P.
name: Mauskopf, P.
name: Rossinot, P.
name: Sayers, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have completed a 1.1 mm continuum survey of 7.5 sq deg of the Perseus Molecular Cloud using Bolocam at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory. This represents the largest millimeter or submillimeter continuum map of Perseus to date. Our map covers more than 30,000 31" (FWHM) resolution elements to a 1 sigma RMS of 15 mJy/beam. We detect a total of 122 cores above a 5 sigma point source mass detection limit of 0.18 M_sun, assuming a dust temperature of 10 K, 60 of which are new millimeter or submillimeter detections. The 1.1 mm mass function is consistent with a broken power law of slope -1.3 (0.5 M_sun2.5 M_sun), similar to the local initial mass function slope. No more than 5% of the total cloud mass is contained in discrete 1.1 mm cores, which account for a total mass of 285 M_sun. We suggest an extinction threshold for millimeter cores of Av~5 mag, based on our calculation of the probability of finding a 1.1 mm core as a function of Av. Much of the cloud is devoid of compact millimeter emission; despite the significantly greater area covered compared to previous surveys, only 5-10 of the newly identified sources lie outside previously observed areas. The two-point correlation function confirms that dense cores in the cloud are highly structured, with significant clustering on scales as large as 2e5 AU. These 1.1 mm results, especially when combined with recently acquired c2d Spitzer Legacy data, will provide a census of dense cores and protostars in Perseus and improve our understanding of the earliest stages of star formation in molecular clouds.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 60 pages, 20 figures, 2 tables, preprint format. Version with high resolution figures available at http://www.astro.caltech.edu/~menoch/papers/
Job Attitudes of Agricultural Middle Managers
Creators: name: Bitsch, Vera
name: Bitsch, Vera
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: The paper analyzes middle managers' job attitudes, in particular job satisfaction, based on case studies. Employees' job satisfaction is expected to reduce human resource management risks, leading to higher loyalty, organizational commitment and motivation and resulting in less turnover. Components of job satisfaction include achievement, recognition, work itself, job security, supervision, interpersonal relationships, compensation, organization, personal life and working conditions. They cause both satisfaction and dissatisfaction, which contradicts Herzberg's theory of job satisfaction and leads to different recommendations for management practice, namely focus improvement where it makes the most difference. An example is limiting work hours during peak season.
Visualization for Histopathology Images using Graph Convolutional Neural Networks
Creators: name: Sureka, Mookund
name: Patil, Abhijeet
name: Anand, Deepak
name: Sethi, Amit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: With the increase in the use of deep learning for computer-aided diagnosis in medical images, the criticism of the black-box nature of the deep learning models is also on the rise. The medical community needs interpretable models for both due diligence and advancing the understanding of disease and treatment mechanisms. In histology, in particular, while there is rich detail available at the cellular level and that of spatial relationships between cells, it is difficult to modify convolutional neural networks to point out the relevant visual features. We adopt an approach to model histology tissue as a graph of nuclei and develop a graph convolutional network framework based on attention mechanism and node occlusion for disease diagnosis. The proposed method highlights the relative contribution of each cell nucleus in the whole-slide image. Our visualization of such networks trained to distinguish between invasive and in-situ breast cancers, and Gleason 3 and 4 prostate cancers generate interpretable visual maps that correspond well with our understanding of the structures that are important to experts for their diagnosis.
description: 5 pages, 3 Figures
An Experimental Exploration of a Voluntary Mechanism to Reduce Nonpoint Source Water Pollution with a Background Threat of Regulation
Creators: name: Suter, Jordan F.
name: Vossler, Christian A.
name: Poe, Gregory L.
name: Schulze, William D.
name: Segerson, Kathleen
name: Suter, Jordan F.
name: Vossler, Christian A.
name: Poe, Gregory L.
name: Schulze, William D.
name: Segerson, Kathleen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: In this paper we build on a voluntary mechanism introduced by Segerson and Wu (2006) that uses the threat of an ambient tax to induce nonpoint source polluters to reduce emissions. In addition to reviewing Segerson and Wu's policy, we propose a new voluntary/threat policy that offers some theoretical advantages over that put forward by Segerson and Wu. We then test various forms of voluntary/threat policies in the experimental economics laboratory and compare the outcomes to a policy that administers strictly a per unit ambient tax.
Organic Molecules in the Hot Corinos and Circumstellar Disks of IRAS 16293-2422
Creators: name: Huang, H. -C.
name: Kuan, Y. -J.
name: Charnley, S. B.
name: Hirano, N.
name: Takakuwa, S.
name: Bourke, T. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the recently-commissioned Submillimeter Array (SMA), we have detected several complex organic molecules, including (CH3)2O, C2H5OH, C2H5CN, and tentatively CH2CDCN, toward the protostellar hot cores of IRAS 16293-2422 at arcsecond-resolution (~< 400 AU in radius). Vibrationally excited transitions of SO, SO2 and HCN with energy levels up to 1800 K were also observed. In addition to the other organic molecules (HC3N, CH2CO, CH3OH, CH2CHCN and HCOOCH3) previously reported by us (Kuan et al. 2004), these results clearly indicate the existence of a rich organic chemistry in low-mass `hot corinos'. From the observation of optically thin HC15N emission, we conclude I16293A is a rotating circumstellar disk lying along the north-south direction ~10 deg to the east and with an inclination ~30 deg to the sky. We suggest that the observed vibrational SO and SO2 emission may originate from shock waves near or in the circumstellar disks. Between the two cores, we find a strong anticorrelation in emission from C2H5OH and C2H5CN. The relative contribution of gas phase and grain-surface chemistries to the production of the observed complex molecules is discussed. We point out the shortcomings underlying recent claims that all the O-bearing organics are formed on grains. The presence of so many well-known interstellar molecules in solar-type hot corinos strengthens the link between molecular cloud chemistry, the starting materials of protoplanetary disks such as the protosolar nebula, and the composition of comets. Establishing the fine details of this connection is crucial in answering fundamental questions concerning the importance of galactic astrochemistry for astrobiology.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures, to be published in Advances in Space Research
Additional file 1 of Cytokine changes during treatment of anti-Caspr2 encephalitis: a case report
Creators: name: Wei, Yi-Chia
name: Chia-Lun Wu
name: Wei-Chieh Weng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary 1. Cytokines tested in the cytokine array. Supplementary 2. Serial cytokine arrays of the patient’s plasma. Supplementary 3. Cytokine concentration determined by Luminex Assay
U.K. AGRICULTURAL POLICY AND THE AUSTRALIAN FARM PROGRAMME
Creators: name: Wadham, Samuel
name: Wadham, Samuel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1959
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: The title of this paper forces me to begin with a consideration and definition of U.K. agricultural policy and further, inasmuch as any farm programme must be a long-term affair, I am more or less compelled to discuss whether the present U.K. policy is permanent or temporary. This requires some examination of that policy in the past, and of the way in which it developed. It may then be possible to make an intelligent guesstimate of the future.
Caging and mosaic lengthscales in plaquette spin models of glasses
Creators: name: Jack, Robert L.
name: Garrahan, Juan. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider two systems of Ising spins with plaquette interactions. They are simple models of glasses which have dual representations as kinetically constrained systems. These models allow an explicit analysis using the mosaic, or entropic droplet, approach of the random first-order transition theory of the glass transition. We show that the low temperature states of these systems resemble glassy mosaic states, despite the fact that excitations are localized and that there are no static singularities. By means of finite size thermodynamics we study a generalised caging effect whereby the system is frozen on short lengthscales, but free at larger lengthscales. We find that the freezing lengthscales obtained from statics coincide with those relevant to dynamic correlations, as expected in the mosaic view. The simple nucleation arguments of the mosaic approach, however, do not give the correct relation between freezing lengths and relaxation times, as they do not capture the transition states for relaxation. We discuss how these results make a connection between the mosaic and the dynamic facilitation views of glass formers.
description: 14 pages, 14 figs, some typos corrected
Additional file 1 of Detection of triggered shallow slips caused by large earthquakes using L-band SAR interferometry
Creators: name: Fujiwara, Satoshi
name: Nakano, Takayuki
name: Morishita, Yu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Interferogram of ALOS-2 indicating the post-seismic deformation that occurred between April 17 and May 1, 2016. Small lines show the displacement lineaments identified by Fujiwara et al. (2016) and modified in this study using ALOS-2 interferograms. Fig. S2. 3D deformation map of the Kumamoto earthquake sequence using ALOS-2 InSAR. The blue-to-red map shows the vertical displacement with arrows indicating horizontal displacement. Black lines indicate the displacement lineaments identified by Fujiwara et al. (2016) and modified in this study. Fig. S3. Static Coulomb stress changes resolved on the displacement lineament mechanism. The colors indicate the amount of calculated delta CFF on typical displacement lineaments around Suizenji Park (strike 150°, dip 90°, rake 270°, (a) depth 0 km, (b) depth 2 km). The seismogenic fault model of the Kumamoto earthquake sequence was adapted from Kobayashi et al. (2018b). Fig. S4. Static Coulomb stress changes resolved on the displacement lineament mechanism. The colors indicate the amount of calculated delta CFF on typical displacement lineaments around the northwest of the outer rim of Aso caldera (strike 100°, dip 90°, rake 270°, (a) depth 0 km, (b) depth 2 km). The seismogenic fault model of the Kumamoto earthquake sequence was adapted from Kobayashi et al. (2018b). Fig. S5. Comparison between up–down displacement and model simulations of displacement lineaments. (a) High-pass-filtered up–down displacement map created using 3D InSAR of ALOS-2 (Fujiwara et al. 2016). Red and blue areas represent up and down directions, respectively; black lines indicate identified displacement lineaments. (b) Model simulation of three parallel displacement lineaments (black lines) for a 2-km width (length 5 km, horizontal spacing of each displacement 670 m, strike 100°, dip 90°, rake 270°, slip 50 cm) using the same high-pass filter as in (a). (c) Model simulation for a 0.5-km width, similar to (b).
Medium Amplitude Parallel Superposition (MAPS) Rheology, Part 2: Experimental Protocols and Data Analysis
Creators: name: Lennon, Kyle R.
name: Geri, Michela
name: McKinley, Gareth H.
name: Swan, James W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An experimental protocol is developed to directly measure the new material functions revealed by medium amplitude parallel superposition (MAPS) rheology. This experimental protocol measures the medium amplitude response of a material to a simple shear deformation composed of three sine waves at different frequencies. Imposing this deformation and measuring the mechanical response reveals a rich data set consisting of up to 19 measurements of the third order complex modulus at distinct three-frequency coordinates. We discuss how the choice of the input frequencies influences the features of the MAPS domain studied by the experiment. A polynomial interpolation method for reducing the bias of measured values from spectral leakage and variance due to noise is discussed, including a derivation of the optimal range of amplitudes for the input signal. This leads to the conclusion that conducting the experiment in a stress-controlled fashion possesses a distinct advantage to the strain-controlled mode. The experimental protocol is demonstrated through measurements of the MAPS response of a model complex fluid: a surfactant solution of wormlike micelles. The resulting data set is indeed large and feature-rich, while still being acquired in a time comparable to similar medium amplitude oscillatory shear (MAOS) experiments. We demonstrate that the data represents measurements of an intrinsic material function by studying its internal consistency, its compatibility with low-frequency predictions for Coleman-Noll simple fluids, and its agreement with data obtained via MAOS amplitude sweeps. Finally, the data is compared to predictions from the corotational Maxwell model to demonstrate the power of MAPS rheology in determining whether a constitutive model is consistent with a material's time-dependent response.
description: 31 pages, 18 figures
Rubidium Isotope Shift Measurement using Noisy Lasers
Creators: name: Bucci, Theodore J.
name: Feigert, Jonathan
name: Crescimanno, Michael
name: Cahmberlain, Brandon
name: Giovannone, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Data students collect from the typical advanced undergraduate laboratory on Saturated Absorption Spectroscopy (SAS) of rubidium can be used to measure the isotope shift and thus leads to an estimate of the isotopic ground state energy shift. This helps students refine their `picture' of the atomic ground state. We describe theoretically why this laboratory works well with free-running laser diodes, demonstrate it experimentally using these lasers tuned to either principal near-infrared transitions, and show an extension of the laboratory using the modulation transfer spectroscopy method.
description: Accepted for publication in Amer. J. Phys
FARM SYNDICATION AND RISK SHARING: A CASE STUDY
Creators: name: Bartholomaeus, M.K.
name: Hardaker, J. Brian
name: Bartholomaeus, M.K.
name: Hardaker, J. Brian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1981
Subjects: Risk and Uncertainty

description: The effectiveness of fully integrated group farming as a means of permitting farmers to achieve economies by working together and to share risk is investigated using two case-study farms from the mid-north region of S.A. Linear programming is used to explore the scope for economies achievable through group farming. The results show that, by joint use of resources, total net farm income can be increased and average costs per unit value of output can be reduced. The risk-sharing advantages of group farming are examined using quadratic risk programming. A group farm plan is found that generates a risky income which, when shared between the two risk-averse farmers, allows both to increase their expected utilities. The group plan also generates a higher aggregate expected net farm income than with sole ownership.
FARMERS' ATTITUDES TO RURAL ADJUSTMENT ASSISTANCE: RESULTS OF A SURVEY IN JEMALONG SHIRE, N.S.W.
Creators: name: Robinson, Chris
name: McMahon, Pat J.
name: Gibbs, Melissa
name: Robinson, Chris
name: McMahon, Pat J.
name: Gibbs, Melissa
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1981
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: The Australian Government has provided adjustment assistance to the rural sector since 1970 under several schemes. The demand for assistance has been lower than expected, given the alleged size of the problem, particularly for the 'welfare' oriented provisions. The results of a survey of farmers' attitudes to the current Rural Adjustment Scheme are examined in an attempt to explain this phenomenon. Measures designed to ease financial difficulties or to facilitate on-farm adjustment were much preferred to those designed to assist farmers to leave agriculture. Considerable confusion about the scheme was evident and many farmers thought that information about the scheme was inadequate. Better extension and counselling is suggested to improve information flows to farmers. The formulation of a more structured set of eligibility criteria is also suggested to reduce the complexity and uncertainty which farmers face when they are considering lodging an application for assistance.
PROPERTY ENTITLEMENTS AND PRICING POLICIES FOR A MATURING WATER ECONOMY
Creators: name: Randall, Alan
name: Randall, Alan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1981
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: The Australian water economy is entering a mature phase characterised by inelastic supply of 'new' water and the need for expensive rehabilitation of aging projects. Thus, the policy focus will turn increasingly toward ways of restraining water demand and reallocating existing supplies. A prima facie case is made that the efficiency loss from current water pricing and allocation policy is significant. After considering the relevant welfare economics theory, the theory of administered prices and marketable property rights and some American proposals for reform, a system of transferable water entitlements is proposed and developed.
CROSS-SUBSIDISATION OF RURAL AREAS VIA UTILITY PRICING POLICIES
Creators: name: Thomson, Norm J.
name: Walsh, Cliff
name: Thomson, Norm J.
name: Walsh, Cliff
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1981
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Public Economics

description: Public utilities which apply roughly uniform prices to all consumers often engage in cross-subsidisation - charging prices which are below cost for consumers in low population density areas but above cost for consumers in high density areas. The distributional and allocative implications of this practice are examined and it is concluded that some cross-subsidisation may be justifiable on welfare grounds even where no externalities exist. There is, however, little empirical evidence released by utilities to enable assessment of the efficiency of their practices. If nothing else, we highlight the need for greater public disclosure of pricing practices by public utilities.
X-ray spectral analysis of optically faint sources in the Chandra Deep Fields
Creators: name: Civano, Francesca
name: Comastri, Andrea
name: Brusa, Marcella
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a detailed spectral analysis of optically faint hard X-ray sources in the Chandra deep fields selected on the basis of their high X-ray to optical flux ratio (X/O). The stacked spectra of high X/O sources in both Chandra deep fields, fitted with a single power-law model, are much harder than the spectrum of the X-ray background (XRB). The average slope is also insensitive to the 2-8 keV flux, being approximately constant around Gamma~1 over more than two decades, strongly indicating that high X/O sources represent the most obscured component of the XRB. For about half of the sample, a redshift estimate (in most of the cases a photometric redshift) is available from the literature. Individual fits of a few of the brightest objects and of stacked spectra in different redshift bins imply column densities in the range 10^{22-23.5} cm^{-2}. A trend of increasing absorption towards higher redshifts is suggested.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures, 5 tables, accepted for pubblication in MNRAS
Die Felsendominschrift als Ende einer christologischen Konvergenztextökumene im Koran
Creators: name: Velden, Frank Van Der
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 95 (2011): Oriens christianus, Band 95
Statistical Mechanics of Lamé Solitons
Creators: name: Bena, Ioana
name: Khare, Avinash
name: Saxena, Avadh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the exact statistical mechanics of Lamé solitons using a transfer matrix method. This requires a knowledge of the first forbidden band of the corresponding Schrödinger equation with the periodic Lamé potential. Since the latter is a quasi-exactly solvable system, an analytical evaluation of the partition function can be done only for a few temperatures. We also study approximately the finite temperature thermodynamics using the ideal kink gas phenomenology. The zero-temperature "thermodynamics" of the soliton lattice solutions is also addressed. Moreover, in appropriate limits our results reduce to that of the sine-Gordon problem.
description: 29 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Physica Scripta
Coproducing clinical curricula in undergraduate medical education: Student and faculty experiences in longitudinal integrated clerkships
Creators: name: Gheihman, Galina
name: Callahan, Dana G.
name: Onyango, Joshua
name: Gooding, Holly C.
name: Hirsh, David A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: Medicine
Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Science Policy
Hematology

description: Educational coproduction, in which learners partner with educators to create and improve their educational experiences, can facilitate student-centered medical education. Empirical descriptions of best practices for involving students in clinical curricular coproduction are needed. We aimed to understand faculty and student perspectives on methods, perceived benefits, and common barriers and solutions to clinical curricular coproduction. We conducted an international mixed-methods study of clinical curricular coproduction in undergraduate medical education and longitudinal integrated clerkships specifically. Faculty and students identified through an international listserv received an electronic survey to identify methods, benefits, and challenges of clinical curricular coproduction. We conducted semi-structured interviews with a subset of survey participants. We present descriptive statistics for survey data and themes derived from inductive qualitative analysis. Two hundred forty-seven individuals (104 faculty; 143 students) representing 52 medical schools in eight countries completed the survey. Methods for clinical curricular coproduction ranged from informal, low-intensity learner involvement (e.g. verbal feedback) to formal, high-intensity learner involvement (e.g. committee membership). Perceived benefits included improvements in student-faculty relationships, program culture and design, and student development. Structural issues (e.g. scheduling) were the most common perceived barriers. Clinical curricular coproduction among faculty and students is perceived to enhance collaboration, enable curriculum change, and support students’ professional development. Our study offers empirical guidance for involving students as partners in clinical curricular coproduction.