cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of a Videoconferencing Smoking Cessation Intervention for Korean American Women: Preliminary Findings
Creators: name: Kim, Sun S.
name: Sitthisongkram, Somporn
name: Bernstein, Kunsook
name: Fang, Hua (Julia)
name: Choi, Won S.
name: Ziedonis, Douglas M.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2016

description: Introduction: Korean American women prefer online or telephone smoking cessation interventions that can be remotely accessed from home. However, these interventions have been found ineffective for the group.

Methods: This study is a pilot clinical trial testing the feasibility and acceptability of a videoconferencing smoking cessation intervention for Korean American women and compared its preliminary efficacy with a telephone-based smoking cessation intervention. Korean women in the United States were recruited nationwide and randomly assigned at a ratio of 1:1 to either a video arm or a telephone arm. Participants in both arms received eight 30-minute weekly individualized counseling sessions of a culturally adapted smoking cessation intervention and nicotine patches for 8 weeks. They were followed up at post-quit 1, 2, and 3 months.

Results: A total of 168 Korean Americans were assessed for eligibility, 77 were determined to eligible and 49 participated in the study. The videoconferencing intervention was acceptable and feasible for women under 50 years, whereas it was not for older women. The videoconferencing intervention produced abstinence rates of 67% at post-quit 1 month and 42% at post-quit 3 months based on self-report. The rate at post-quit 3 months dropped to 33% when those women whose abstinence could not be validated with salivary cotinine tests were treated as smoking. Abstinence rates in the telephone arm did not differ from those in the video arm.

Conclusion: Findings suggest that videoconferencing smoking cessation intervention may be feasible and acceptable for Korean American women under 50 years. However, for older Korean American women, the intervention may not be feasible and telephone-based intervention seems to be just as effective if smoking cessation intervention components are adapted at a deep structural level of Korean culture by integrating its core cultural values and addressing psychosocial, social and environmental forces affecting the behavior.
Safety Considerations and Request for Additional Engineering Personnel (adapted from NSPE Case No. 84-5)
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2006
Subjects: Ethics and Society
Public Health and Safety
Public Well-being
Research and Practice
Risk
Safety

description: An engineer is concerned for worker safety during construction, but is pressured by his client's objections to the cost of an on-site representative. This is an open-ended scenario for discussion based on a case from the NSPE Board of Ethical Review.
Guided Depth Map Super-resolution: A Survey
Creators: name: Zhong, Zhiwei
name: Liu, Xianming
name: Jiang, Junjun
name: Zhao, Debin
name: Ji, Xiangyang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Guided depth map super-resolution (GDSR), which aims to reconstruct a high-resolution (HR) depth map from a low-resolution (LR) observation with the help of a paired HR color image, is a longstanding and fundamental problem, it has attracted considerable attention from computer vision and image processing communities. A myriad of novel and effective approaches have been proposed recently, especially with powerful deep learning techniques. This survey is an effort to present a comprehensive survey of recent progress in GDSR. We start by summarizing the problem of GDSR and explaining why it is challenging. Next, we introduce some commonly used datasets and image quality assessment methods. In addition, we roughly classify existing GDSR methods into three categories, i.e., filtering-based methods, prior-based methods, and learning-based methods. In each category, we introduce the general description of the published algorithms and design principles, summarize the representative methods, and discuss their highlights and limitations. Moreover, the depth related applications are introduced. Furthermore, we conduct experiments to evaluate the performance of some representative methods based on unified experimental configurations, so as to offer a systematic and fair performance evaluation to readers. Finally, we conclude this survey with possible directions and open problems for further research. All the related materials can be found at \url{https://github.com/zhwzhong/Guided-Depth-Map-Super-resolution-A-Survey}.
description: Accepted by ACM Computing Surveys
title: The Effect of Mobile Self-monitoring on Self-care Behaviors in Heart Failure and COPD Patients: A Feasibility Study
Creators: name: Chin, Elizabeth
name: Sethares, Kristen
name: Fortier, Paul
name: Viall, Benjamin
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2016

description: Exacerbations of heart failure (HF) and chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) are among the most costly illnesses. Patient recognition of changes in symptoms cueing imminent exacerbation is poor. Innovative strategies to improve patient symptom recognition, self-care behaviors and treatment seeking are necessary to improve overall health outcomes.

The aim of this pilot study was to test the feasibility of a wireless health monitoring device and cell phone app in 10 patients (5 with COPD and 5 with HF). This collaborative multidisciplinary study is innovative in its inclusion of the patient as an active partner in the use of technology to monitor changes in physiologic indicators to alert them to baseline status changes and guide self-care decision-making. The nurse-engineer team worked to develop devices that met the data collection needs of the research team, while being mindful of comfort and body image concerns of the patient. Additionally, the engineers provided the nurse researchers essential training on troubleshooting technology problems in the field. Weekly home visits with participants provided ongoing feedback that impacted design decisions and revisions throughout the data collection period.

Data were collected on self-care (SCHFI) at enrollment and post intervention. Participants had a mean age of 67.7 + 11.9 years, EF of 26.5 + 11.8, 60% male, 70% married. Mixed between-within subjects’ analysis of variance was conducted to test the impact of the intervention on the participant’s self-care scores. There was no significant interaction between group and time, Wilk’s Lambda = .97, F (1, 17) = .46, p = .51. There was no significant main effect for time Wilk’s Lambda = .94, F (1, 17) = 1.14, p = .30. Self-care maintenance (31 vs 31.7), management (49.2 vs 63) and confidence (58.2 vs 58.7) scores were inadequate at each time but did increase after intervention.
On the large values of the Riemann zeta-function on short segments of the critical line
Creators: name: Korolev, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11M06

description: In this paper, we obtain a series of new conditional lower bounds for the modulus and the argument of the Riemann zeta function on very short segments of the critical line, based on the Riemann hypothesis. In particular, the conditional solution of one problem of A.A.Karatsuba is given. Some typos of the previous versions are corrected (in particular, the important remark of Prof. Yan Fyodorov is taken into account). The reference to the grant of Russian Scientific Fund is also added.
description: 40 pages, 4 figures
An Overview: Steady-State Quantum Entanglement via Reservoir Engineering
Creators: name: Pedram, Ali
name: Müstecaplıoğlu, Özgür E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a short overview of quantum entanglement generation and preservation in a steady state. In addition to the focus on quantum entanglement stabilization, we briefly discuss the same objective for steady-state quantum coherence. The overview classifies the approaches into two main categories: hybrid drive and dissipation methods and purely dissipative schemes. Furthermore, purely dissipative schemes are discussed under two subclasses of equilibrium and nonequilibrium environments. The significance of the dissipative route to sustained quantum entanglement and challenges against it are pointed out. Besides the value of steady-state entanglement for existing quantum technologies, quantum computation, communication, sensing, and simulation, its unique opportunities for emerging and future quantum technology applications, particularly quantum heat engines and quantum energy processing, are discussed.
description: 16 pages
title: Estimated and self-reported workloads and lower extremity symptoms for nurses and nursing assistants
Creators: name: Kurowski, Alicia
name: Punnett, Laura
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2016

description: Objectives and Significance: In US nursing homes, nursing assistants (NAs) are responsible for direct care and resident handling, while nurses’ roles consist primarily of medication distribution and administrative duties. This study examines differences in observed physical exposures and self-reported knee and ankle symptoms of nurses and NAs.

Methods: Observations of clinical staff’s postures and handling were made at fixed time intervals using the PATH Method. An additive physical workload index (PWI) was computed to compare LE workload of NAs and nurses. The PWI combined observed frequencies of postures and handling with their associated forces on the knee and ankle derived from the University of Michigan’s 3D Static Strength Prediction Program. Additionally, surveys on health and working conditions were distributed to employees at 24 nursing homes. Knee and ankle symptoms in the past three months and physical demands were examined by clinical job.

Results: Frequencies of postures and handling input into the PWI were based on observations of 275 NAs and 40 nurses. The analysis of PWI for the LE demonstrated higher physical exposures on both the knee and ankle for NAs compared to nurses, especially while NAs were performing resident handling. Among survey participants (n = 1467), NAs reported higher mean physical exertion scores than nurses and also higher frequencies of knee and ankle symptoms (p=0.0076) in the previous three months.

Conclusions: In this study, both estimated and self-reported physical workloads were higher among NAs compared to nurses. LE symptoms were also more common among NAs. Safe handling equipment helps reduce some LE exposures for NAs, but interventions for other strenuous tasks should be considered to reduce LE pain symptoms, such as introducing lighter food carts often pushed by NAs and limiting the number of dirty linens bagged before transporting to the soiled linen drop-off.
title: Does the Indication for Breast Surgery Impact Surgical Outcomes? A Contemporary Analysis of the ACS-NSQIP Database
Creators: name: Lee, Connie
name: Friedrich, Ann-Kristin U.
name: Larkin, Anne C.
name: Ward, B. Marie
name: O'Connor, Ashling
name: Quinlan, Robert M.
name: Whalen, Giles F.
name: LaFemina, Jennifer
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2016

description: Background. There is limited data about whether perioperative outcomes differ based on the indication for breast surgery. Herein we aim to assess if breast surgery for prophylaxis, compared to that for malignancy, impacts surgical outcomes.

Methods. All women who underwent simple or subcutaneous mastectomy were identified from the 2007-2012 ACS-NSQIP database. Patients were identified by their ICD-9 codes and categorized into two groups. Group 1 consisted of patients diagnosed with breast cancer or carcinoma in situ; group 2 consisted of patients diagnosed with a genetic predisposition to malignant neoplasm of the breast (i.e., BRCA mutation). Demographic and preoperative variables were compared between groups and outcome variables. Outcome variables were analyzed using age- and operative time-adjusted logistic regression models.

Results. 30,803 patients were identified. Group 1 consisted of 30,644 (99.5%) patients diagnosed with malignancy; group 2 consisted of 159 (0.5%) who underwent prophylactic surgery. In univariate analyses, those undergoing prophylactic surgery were significantly younger (p < 0.01). There were no other preoperative differences between groups. When adjusted, the prophylactic group demonstrated a greater risk of DVT (p = 0.03). There were no differences in mortality, superficial/deep/organ space infections, UTI, wound dehiscence, or MI.

Conclusion. In this analysis of a national cohort of breast surgery patients, those undergoing prophylactic surgery due to a genetic predisposition had a greater risk of perioperative DVT, compared to those who underwent surgery for a diagnosis of malignancy. This data may allow for improved perioperative management of patients to prevent DVT development and their devastating consequences.
Seismic Attributes and Their Applications in Seismic Geomorphology
Creators: name: Sanhasuk Koson
Publisher: name: Department of Geology, Chulalongkorn University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Seismic attributes, Seismic geomorphology, Local structural dip

description: Bulletin of Earth Sciences of Thailand (BEST), 6, 1, 9-Jan
Cold planar horizons are floppy
Creators: name: Hartnoll, Sean A.
name: Santos, Jorge E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extremal planar black holes of four dimensional Einstein-Maxwell theory with a negative cosmological constant have an AdS$_2 \times \R^2$ near horizon geometry. We show that this near horizon geometry admits a deformation to a two parameter family of extremal geometries with inhomogeneous, spatially periodic horizons. At a linear level, static inhomogeneous perturbations of AdS$_2 \times \R^2$ decay towards the horizon and thus appear irrelevant under the holographic RG flow. However we have found numerically that nonlinear effects lead to inhomogeneous near horizon geometries. A consequence of these observations is that an arbitrarily small periodic deformation of the boundary theory at nonzero charge density does not flow to AdS$_2 \times \R^2$ in the IR, but rather to an inhomogeneous horizon. These results shed light on existing numerical studies of low temperature periodically modulated black holes and also offer a new mechanism for holographic metal-insulator crossovers or transitions.
description: 1+16 pages. 6 figures. v2 incorrect perturbative argument removed
title: Synthetic intestinal mucosal barrier using a hydrogel slab integrated microfluidic chip
Creators: name: Kwak, Jun-Goo
name: Sharma, Abhinav
name: Lee, Jungwoo
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2016

description: The mucosal barrier lining along the intestinal tract plays a key role in metabolic and immunological homeostasis. Repeated disruption of the mucosal barrier integrity has been suggested to be a precursor event that derives inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer. Multiple in vitro platform technologies have been developed to understand the mucosal barrier function including trans-wells and microfabricated devices, but a static and vertical axis culture settings limits to simulate and observe dynamic complexity of the gut microenvironment. Here, we introduce a biomaterials engineering approach to create a synthetic mucosal barrier in a transverse manner for direct observation of cellular processes. A type I collagen hybridized polyacrylamide hydrogel supporting small molecular transport and epithelial cell adhesion was used as a framework and subsequently anchored covalently to a glass slide via silanization chemistry. Villous microstructures ~250µm in height were manufactured by casting the hydrogel precursor solution in a pre-designed, removable polydimethylsiloxane micropattern mold and polymerizing using UV light. After sealing the device with another glass slide, we increased the cellular and extracellular complexity of this microfluidic chip by sequentially introducing (i) HT-29 colon epithelial cells, (ii) mucin extracts from a pig intestine, (iii) bacteria, and (iv) human peripheral blood-derived mononuclear cells and co-cultured them in a single device. This modular in vitro microphysiological intestinal tissue model may serve as a translational platform to discover the biophysical etiology for disruption of the mucosal barrier and associated inflammatory diseases.
Accepting a Complimentary Seminar Registration (adapted from NSPE Case No. 87-5)
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2006
Subjects: Bribery and Extortion
Conflict of Interest
Ethics and Society
Research and Practice
Social Responsibility
Workplace Ethics

description: A pipe company invites engineers to a complimentary educational seminar on the use of its products. This could be compared to perks and gifts given to physicians by drug companies.
Coulomb impurity problem of graphene in magnetic fields
Creators: name: Kim, S. C.
name: Yang, S. -R. Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Analytical solutions of the Coulomb impurity problem of graphene in the absence of a magnetic field show that when the dimensionless strength of the Coulomb potential $g$ reaches a critical value the solutions become supercritical with imaginary eigenenergies. Application of a magnetic field is a singular perturbation, and no analytical solutions are known except at a denumerably infinite set of magnetic fields. We find solutions of this problem by numerical diagonalization of large Hamiltonian matrices. Solutions are qualitatively different from those of zero magnetic field. All energies are discrete and no complex energies allowed. We have computed the finite-size scaling function of the probability density containing s-wave component of Dirac wavefunctions. This function depends on the coupling constant, regularization parameter, and the gap. In the limit of vanishing regularization parameter our findings are consistent with the expected values exponent $ν$ which determines of the asymptotic behavior of the wavefunction near $r=0$.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures. v2: Minor changes are made
Earthquake Activities along the Ranong-Klong Marui Fault Zone, Southern Thailand: Implication from the Seismicity Data
Creators: name: Pailoplee, Santi
Publisher: name: Department of Geology, Chulalongkorn University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Frequency-Magnitude Distribution, Earthquake Magnitude, Return Period, Ranong-Klong Marui Fault Zone, Southern Thailand

description: Bulletin of Earth Sciences of Thailand (BEST), 6, 1, 17-Oct
Fixed-point quantization aware training for on-device keyword-spotting
Creators: name: Macha, Sashank
name: Oza, Om
name: Escott, Alex
name: Caliva, Francesco
name: Armitano, Robbie
name: Cheekatmalla, Santosh Kumar
name: Parthasarathi, Sree Hari Krishnan
name: Liu, Yuzong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Fixed-point (FXP) inference has proven suitable for embedded devices with limited computational resources, and yet model training is continually performed in floating-point (FLP). FXP training has not been fully explored and the non-trivial conversion from FLP to FXP presents unavoidable performance drop. We propose a novel method to train and obtain FXP convolutional keyword-spotting (KWS) models. We combine our methodology with two quantization-aware-training (QAT) techniques - squashed weight distribution and absolute cosine regularization for model parameters, and propose techniques for extending QAT over transient variables, otherwise neglected by previous paradigms. Experimental results on the Google Speech Commands v2 dataset show that we can reduce model precision up to 4-bit with no loss in accuracy. Furthermore, on an in-house KWS dataset, we show that our 8-bit FXP-QAT models have a 4-6% improvement in relative false discovery rate at fixed false reject rate compared to full precision FLP models. During inference we argue that FXP-QAT eliminates q-format normalization and enables the use of low-bit accumulators while maximizing SIMD throughput to reduce user perceived latency. We demonstrate that we can reduce execution time by 68% without compromising KWS model's predictive performance or requiring model architectural changes. Our work provides novel findings that aid future research in this area and enable accurate and efficient models.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, 4 tables
Fermi surface reconstruction in (Ba$_{1-x}$K$_x$)Fe$_2$As$_2$ (0.44 $\leq x \leq$ 1) probed by thermoelectric power measurements
Creators: name: Hodovanets, Halyna
name: Liu, Yong
name: Jesche, Anton
name: Ran, Sheng
name: Mun, Eun Deok
name: Lograsso, Thomas A.
name: Bud'ko, Sergey L.
name: Canfield, Paul C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report in-plane thermoelectric power measurements on single crystals of (Ba$_{1-x}$K$_x$)Fe$_2$As$_2$ (0.44 $\leq x \leq$ 1). We observe a minimum in the S$|_{T=const}$ versus x at x ~ 0.55 that can be associated with the change in the topology of the Fermi surface, a Lifshitz transition, related to the electron pockets at the center of M point crossing the Fermi level. This feature is clearly observable below ~ 75 K. Thermoelectric power also shows a change in the x ~ 0.8 - 0.9 range, where maximum in the thermoelectric power collapses into a plateau. This Lifshitz transition is most likely related to the reconstruction of the Fermi surface associated with the transformation of the hole pockets at the M point into four blades as observed by ARPES measurements.
description: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B
Seismic Geomorphology in the Late Cenozoic Depositional Evolution of the Gulf of Thailand
Creators: name: Worawat Maharernthong
Publisher: name: Department of Geology, Chulalongkorn University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Seismic geomorphology, Paleoenvironment, Gulf of Thailand, Sunda shelf

description: Bulletin of Earth Sciences of Thailand (BEST), 6, 1, 18-30
title: Effective Pain Information Pre-operatively is Associated with Improved Functional Gain after Total Joint Replacement
Creators: name: Lemay, Celeste A.
name: Ayers, David
name: Franklin, Patricia D.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2016

description: Objective: We evaluated receipt of pre-operative pain management education in a national prospective cohort on post-operative pain and function.

Methods: Preoperative, 2 week and 6 month postoperative data from a nationally representative cohort of 1404 primary unilateral TJR patients with a date of surgery between May 2011 and December 2014. Data included demographics, comorbid conditions, operative joint pain severity (HOOS/KOOS), musculoskeletal disease burden, physical function (SF36 PCS), and mental health (SF36 MCS). At 2 weeks post-op, patients were asked if they had received information prior to surgery about pain management options and if so, how helpful the information was. Additionally, patients were asked about use of non-medication methods to relieve operative joint pain. Descriptive statistics were performed.

Results: One third reported not receiving information about pain management; an additional 11% did not find it helpful. There were no differences pre-operatively in demographics, comorbid conditions, operative joint pain severity, musculoskeletal disease burden, SF36 PCS and MCS between those who received information and those who did not. Patients who received information about pain management options were more likely to use non-medication methods to relieve operative joint pain (p< 0.000). They reported less current pain (p = 0.02) and maximum pain (p = 0.03) in their operative joint at 2 weeks post-op. At 6 months post-op, patients who reported not receiving information about pain management had statistically lower physical function scores that those receiving information (p = 0.04). There was no difference in HOOS/KOOS pain scores 6 months post-op.

Conclusion: More than 40% of TJR patients in this study reported that they did not receive or received unhelpful information regarding post-op pain management options, highlighting a need for more consistent patient education. In this study, the lack of pain management information appears to negatively impact 6 month post-operative function.
Geochemical Appraisal of Crude Oils from Umutu and Bomu Fields in the Niger Delta
Creators: name: Onojake
Publisher: name: Department of Geology, Chulalongkorn University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biomarkers, Environment, Biodegradation, Hopanes and oleanane

description: Bulletin of Earth Sciences of Thailand (BEST), 6, 1, 31-39
title: Using Interviews to Understand Patients’ Post-operative Pain Management Educational Needs Before and After Elective Total Joint Replacement Surgery
Creators: name: Lemay, Celeste A.
name: Franklin, Patricia D.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2016

description: Objective: To better understand the education needs of patients electing to have TJR in managing their pain in the post-operative period after discharge from the hospital.

Methods: An exploratory, descriptive, qualitative design. Convenience sample of people who reported that they had not received information about pain management prior to TJR surgery were recruited from 9 surgeon practices in 8 states to participate in telephone interviews, utilizing open-ended questions. Questions included: recollection of pre-op class attended and content; experiences with surgical pain after surgery and how it was managed; experiences with pain medicine; experience using non-medicine related pain reduction methods; suggestions for delivery of pain management information. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. Data were categorized using content analysis techniques.

Results: Seventeen patients were interviewed. Although all remembered attending a pre-operative class prior to their joint replacement surgery, none remembered receiving information during that class about managing pain once they were discharged. All had been prescribed an opioid for pain management post-operatively; however no patients reported receiving any information regarding use of the medication other than the information on the pill bottle. Many had concerns regarding the use of opioids to control their pain, including side effects, such as constipation and the risk of addiction. The most common non-medicine method used to manage pain was the use of ice. Participants believed that information about pain management, including both non-medicine approaches and instructions for taking opioids would be helpful and should be delivered at multiple time points, including pre-operatively, at discharge, and within the first few days after discharge.

Conclusion: With trends toward shorter hospital stays, home based pain management is a priority. Understanding the pain management education needs of patients considering elective TJR could inform interventions for this population as well as provide insight into the needs of other patients undergoing surgery.
Strain Analysis of Rocks in Lansang Waterfall, Tak Province, Northwestern Thailand
Creators: name: Peekamon Ponmanee
Publisher: name: Department of Geology, Chulalongkorn University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Strain analysis, Fry method, Lansang Waterfall, Thailand

description: Bulletin of Earth Sciences of Thailand (BEST), 6, 1, 40-50
Inferring synchronizability of networked heterogenous oscillators with machine learning
Creators: name: Wang, Liang
name: Fan, Huawei
name: Wang, Yafeng
name: Gao, Jian
name: Lan, Yueheng
name: Xiao, Jinghua
name: Wang, Xingang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the study of network synchronization, an outstanding question of both theoretical and practical significance is how to allocate a given set of heterogenous oscillators on a complex network in order for improving the synchronization performance. Whereas methods have been proposed to address this question in literature, the methods are based on accurate models describing the system dynamics, which, however, are normally unavailable in realistic situations. Here we show that this question can be addressed by the model-free technique of feed-forward neural network (FNN) in machine learning. Specifically, we measure the synchronization performance of a number of allocation schemes and use the measured data to train a machine. It is found that the trained machine is able to not only infer the synchronization performance of any new allocation scheme, but also find from a huge amount of candidates the optimal allocation scheme for synchronization.
description: 5 page2, 2 figures
Characterizing the V-band light-curves of hydrogen-rich type II supernovae
Creators: name: Anderson, Joseph P.
name: González-Gaitán, Santiago
name: Hamuy, Mario
name: Gutiérrez, Claudia P.
name: Stritzinger, Maximilian D.
name: E., Felipe Olivares
name: Phillips, Mark M.
name: Schulze, Steve
name: Antezana, Roberto
name: Bolt, Luis
name: Campillay, Abdo
name: Castellón, Sergio
name: Contreras, Carlos
name: de Jaeger, Thomas
name: Folatelli, Gastón
name: Förster, Francisco
name: Freedman, Wendy L.
name: González, Luis
name: Hsiao, Eric
name: Krzemiński, Wojtek
name: Krisciunas, Kevin
name: Maza, José
name: McCarthy, Patrick
name: Morrell, Nidia I.
name: Persson, Sven E.
name: Roth, Miguel
name: Salgado, Francisco
name: Suntzeff, Nicholas B.
name: Thomas-Osip, Joanna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of the diversity of V-band light-curves of hydrogen-rich type II supernovae. Analyzing a sample of 116 supernovae, several magnitude measurements are defined, together with decline rates at different epochs, and time durations of different phases. It is found that magnitudes measured at maximum light correlate more strongly with decline rates than those measured at other epochs: brighter supernovae at maximum generally have faster declining light-curves at all epochs. We find a relation between the decline rate during the 'plateau' phase and peak magnitudes, which has a dispersion of 0.56 magnitudes, offering the prospect of using type II supernovae as purely photometric distance indicators. Our analysis suggests that the type II population spans a continuum from low-luminosity events which have flat light-curves during the 'plateau' stage, through to the brightest events which decline much faster. A large range in optically thick phase durations is observed, implying a range in progenitor envelope masses at the epoch of explosion. During the radioactive tails, we find many supernovae with faster declining light-curves than expected from full trapping of radioactive emission, implying low mass ejecta. It is suggested that the main driver of light-curve diversity is the extent of hydrogen envelopes retained before explosion. Finally, a new classification scheme is introduced where hydrogen-rich events are typed as simply 'SNII' with an s2 value giving the decline rate during the 'plateau' phase, indicating its morphological type.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ. Revised edition corrects errors in affiliation numbers
title: Correlates of hyaluronic acid and corticosteroid injections among patients with radiographically confirmed osteoarthritis
Creators: name: Liu, Shao-Hsien
name: Dube, Catherine E.
name: Driban, Jeffrey B.
name: McAlindon, Timothy E.
name: Eaton, Charles
name: Lapane, Kate L.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2016

description: Objective: Despite the rapid proliferation of hyaluronate (HA) and corticosteroid (CO) injections and clinical guidelines regarding their use in osteoarthritis (OA), information on the characteristics of people receiving them is scarce. We described use of injections among adults with radiographically confirmed knee OA and identified correlates of injection use.

Methods: We used publicly available data from Osteoarthritis Initiative and included participants with ≥ one radiographically confirmed knee OA (Kellgren-Lawrence grade (K-L) > 2) at baseline. We matched 415 participants reporting HA and/or CO during the 6 month before one of the first 7 annual follow-up assessments to 1,841 non-injection users by randomly selecting a study visit to match the distribution observed in the injection users. Multinomial logistic regression models identified correlates of injection use including sociodemographics and clinical/functional factors.

Results: Injections were common (16.9% -year 1, 13.7% -year 2, 16.6 % -year 3, 13.5% - year 4, 15.9% -year 5, 13.5 % -year 6 and 9.9% -year 7) with corticosteroid injections most common (68.4%). HA and CO were more commonly reported by those with higher income (e.g. adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) HA > $50k versus < $25k: 3.63; (95% CI: 1.20-10.99)) and less common among blacks (aOR HA: 0.19; 95% CI: 0.06-0.55). Greater K-L grade (grade 4 versus 2) was associated with increased odds of HA (aOR: 4.79; 95% CI: 2.47-9.30), CO (aOR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.04-2.34), or both (aOR: 4.94; 95% CI: 1.99-12.27).

Conclusion: Hyaluronic acid or corticosteroid injections are associated with higher socioeconomic positioning and indicators of greater disease severity.
Fine Structure of the Rydberg Blockade Zone
Creators: name: Dumin, Yurii V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A spatial structure of the zone blocked by the dipolar electric field of a Rydberg atom is calculated taking into account a possibility of excitation to the states with neighboring values of the principal quantum number. As a result, it was found that the blocked zone represents a number of co-centric spherical shells rather than a solid ball, and the respective pair correlation function should have additional maxima at small interparticle distances.
description: REVTeX4, 4 pages, 1 EPS figure
title: Terpenes as ‘resistance-busting” anthelmintic drug
Creators: name: Mirza, Zeynep
name: Koch, David
name: Nguyen, Thanh-thanh
name: Hu, Yan
name: Aroian, Raffi V.
name: Ostroff, Gary R.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2016

description: There is an urgent need for new therapies for parasitic helminthic diseases affecting 1.5-2 billion people worldwide due to the threat of wide-spread resistance development to existing treatments and due to problems of incomplete efficacies.

Terpenes are plant secondary metabolites and major essential oil constituents. Historically, the terpene thymol was successfully used to cure hookworm infections in the 1900’s. Although effective, large doses were needed and thymol treatment had significant side effects. Because free terpenes are absorbed in the stomach, less than 10% of oral terpenes entered the site where the parasites live. To overcome these problems we have developed microparticle encapsulated terpenes and enteric coated terpene capsules.

We screened 20 terpenes for anthelmintic activity in vitro against adult stages of the hookworm and whipworm parasitic nematodes Ancylostoma ceylanicum and Trichuris muris. Here we will present results of this work, which shows the promising potential for some terpenes as pan-nematode anthelmintics. This work has allowed us to classify terpenes into at least two groups based on their in vitro killing kinetics. We have also shown that some terpenes are effective against an albendazole-resistant Caenorhabditis elegans strain suggesting that terpenes may play an important role in overcoming helminthic drug resistance. We will also present our work on optimizing lead terpene formulations in vitro and in vivo in animal models of parasitic nematode infection in order to overcome the challenges and realize the potential of “resistance-busting” terpene-based anthelmintic therapies.
Shear shuffling governs plastic flow in nanocrystalline metals: An analysis of thermal activation parameters
Creators: name: Grewer, Manuel
name: Birringer, Rainer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: From strain rate- and temperature-dependent deformation studies on nanocrystalline PdAu alloys with grain sizes $\leq$ 10nm, the shear activation volume $6b^3$, strain rate sensitivity 0.03 as well as the Helmholtz 0.9eV and Gibbs free energy of activation 0.2eV have been extracted. The close similarity to values found for metallic glasses indicates that grain boundary mediated shear shuffling dominates plasticity at the low end of the nanoscale. More fundamentally, we find that the energy barrier height exhibits universal scaling behavior $ΔG \propto Δτ^{3/2}$, where $Δτ$ is a residual load, giving rise to a generalization of the Johnson-Samwer $T^{2/3}$ scaling law of yielding in metallic glasses.
description: v3 incorporates some rewording and polish from the PRB editorial office; 9 pages, 5 figures, published in PRB
Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contamination of the Environment: A Case Study
Creators: name: Onojake M., C.
Publisher: name: Department of Geology, Chulalongkorn University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Hydrocarbons, Multivariate analysis, allochthnous, principal components, Niger Delta

description: Bulletin of Earth Sciences of Thailand (BEST), 6, 1, 67-79
title: Emergency Medicine Providers Systematically Underestimate Their Opioid Prescribing Practices
Creators: name: Michael, Sean S.
name: Babu, Kavita
name: Androskl Jr., Christopher
name: Reznek, Martin A.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2016

description: Background: Opioid misuse is a known public health problem, nationwide and in Massachusetts. The Massachusetts Hospital Association (MHA) developed recommendations to address opioid prescribing in the ED setting, and UMassMemorial Health Care recently implemented a system-wide opioid practice guideline mirroring the MHA policy. Little is known about methods to influence behavior change among ED providers related to opioid prescribing practices. Guideline implementation provided a unique opportunity for a natural experiment related to prescribing patterns, and we hypothesized that a simultaneous experimental intervention to provide clinicians with their individual prescribing data would alter their practices beyond any effect achieved solely by being subject to the new guidelines.

Methods: As part of an ongoing, prospective, randomized trial of an intervention hypothesized to influence providers’ opioid prescribing, we developed a survey instrument consisting of graphical depictions of the distributions of three measures of opioid prescribing among all ED providers at four UMass-affiliated EDs (attending and resident physicians and advanced practice providers). Clinicians randomized to the intervention arm were asked to identify his/her perceived position on each distribution. We compared each provider’s self-perception to their actual decile.

Results: Fifty-one providers were randomized to the intervention arm. Forty-eight completed the survey (94%). Providers underestimated their decile of opioid prescriptions per hundred total prescriptions by a median of one decile (p=0.0399 for difference from zero). Attendings underestimated their decile of percentage of patients dispositioned with an opioid prescription by a median of two deciles (p=0.0292), while residents did not exhibit a significant difference. Providers showed systematic disagreement with their raw number of prescriptions for extended-release opioid formulations (kappa -0.18), underestimating by a median of one.

Conclusions: Based upon three measures of ED opioid prescribing, providers’ self-perceptions of their practices systematically underestimated their actual prescribing, which likely has implications related to efforts to influence clinician behavior change.
«Im normalen Leben funktioniert das auch nicht» – Rekonstruktionen des kollektiven Verständnisses von Schülerinnen- und Schülerpartizipation
Creators: name: Häbig, Julia
name: Zala-Mezö, Enikö
name: Müller-Kuhn, Daniela
name: Strauss, Nina-Cathrin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Sprache
Mündlichkeit
Partizipation
Volksschule

description: Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden Gruppendiskussionen von Lehrpersonen aus dem PasSe-Projekt* analysiert, wobei die Individualebene einzelner Lehrpersonen verlassen und stattdessen die in Schulen vorherrschenden kollektiven Orientierungen untersucht werden. In Form von Gruppendiskussionen wurde ein Austausch über das Thema Schülerinnen- und Schülerpartizipation angeregt. Die Auswertungen der Diskussionen geben Aufschluss darüber, wie sich bestimmte Orientierungsrahmen in einer Gruppe durchsetzen und was dies über das kollektive Verständnis bezüglich Partizipation aussagt. Die Anwendung der dokumentarischen Methode gewährt dabei Einsicht in konjunktive Erfahrungsräume, die jenseits des zunächst offensichtlichen Wortsinnes liegen. Bevor die Ergebnisse dieser Auswertungen vorgestellt werden, wird zunächst der Begriff Partizipation vertieft und es wird genauer erläutert, wie methodisch vorgegangen wurde, um die Handlungspraxis an Schulen bezüglich der Schülerinnen- und Schülerpartizipation zu beleuchten. * zum Projekt PasSe s. den unten eingefügten Projektabschlussbericht. Der Sammelbandbeitrag unterliegt weiterhin dem Copyright des Verlags – 2019 © hep Verlag AG, Bern.
description: +repphzhbib2019F
Free-electron properties of metals under ultrafast laser-induced electron-phonon nonequilibrium: A first-principles study
Creators: name: Bévillon, Emile
name: Colombier, Jean-Philippe
name: Recoules, Vanina
name: Stoian, Razvan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electronic behavior of various solid metals (Al, Ni, Cu, Au, Ti, and W) under ultrashort laser irradiation is investigated by means of density functional theory. Successive stages of extreme nonequilibrium on picosecond time scale impact the excited material properties in terms of optical coupling and transport characteristics. As these are generally modelled based on the free-electron classical theory, the free-electron number is a key parameter. However, this parameter remains unclearly defined and dependencies on the electronic temperature are not considered. Here, from first-principles calculations, density of states are obtained with respect to electronic temperatures varying from 10^-2 to 10^5 K within a cold lattice. Based on the concept of localized or delocalized electronic states, temperature dependent free-electron numbers are evaluated for a series of metals covering a large range of electronic configurations. With the increase of the electronic temperature we observe strong adjustments of the electronic structures of transition metals. These are related to variations of electronic occupation in localized d bands, via change in electronic screening and electron-ion effective potential. The electronic temperature dependence of nonequilibrium density of states has consequences on electronic chemical potentials, free-electron numbers, electronic heat capacities, and electronic pressures. Thus electronic thermodynamic properties are computed and discussed, serving as a base to derive energetic and transport properties allowing the description of excitation and relaxation phenomena caused by rapid laser action.
Aspects of the Papadodimas-Raju Proposal for the Black Hole Interior
Creators: name: Harlow, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this note I elaborate on some features of a recent proposal of Papadodimas and Raju for a CFT description of the interior of a one-sided AdS black hole in a pure state. I clarify the treatment of 1/N corrections, and explain how the proposal is able to avoid some of the pitfalls that have disrupted other recent ideas. I argue however that the proposal has the uncomfortable property that states in the CFT Hilbert space do not have definite physical interpretations, unlike in ordinary quantum mechanics. I also contrast the "state-dependence" of the proposal with more familiar phenomena, arguing that, unlike in quantum mechanics, the measurement process (including the apparatus) in something like the PR proposal or its earlier manifestations cannot be described by unitary evolution. These issues render the proposal somewhat ambiguous, and it seems new ideas would be needed to make some version of it work. I close with some brief speculation on to what extent quantum mechanics should hold for the experience of an infalling observer.
description: 44 Pages. v2: Fixed an inconsistency in the treatment of bulk gauge fixing, and added an appendix explaining this in some detail. Main conclusions unaltered
Non-linear damping of visco-resistive Alfven waves in solar spicules
Creators: name: Fazel, Z.
name: Ebadi, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interaction of Alfven waves with plasma inhomogeneities generates phase mixing which can lead to dissipate Alfven waves and to heat the solar plasma. Here we study the dissipation of Alfven waves by phase mixing due to viscosity and resistivity variations with height. We also consider nonlinear magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations in our theoretical model. Non-linear terms of MHD equations include perturbed velocity, magnetic field, and density. To investigate the damping of Alfven waves in a stratified atmosphere of solar spicules, we solve the non-linear MHD equations in the x-z plane. Our simulations show that the damping is enhanced due to viscosity and resistivity gradients. Moreover, energy variations is influenced due to nonlinear terms in MHD equations.
description: Accepted for publication in Astrophysics and Space Science Journal. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1304.7764
Hazardous Waste -- NSPE Case No. 92-6
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2006
Subjects: Catastrophes, Hazards, Disasters
Confidentiality
Employer/Employee Relationships
Engineer/Client Relationships
Environmental Justice
Ethics and Society
Law and Public Policy
Public Health and Safety
Public Well-being
Research and Practice
Safety
Social Responsibility
Sustainability
Workplace Ethics

description: A supervisor instructs a student engineer to withhold information from a client about the suspected nature of waste on the client's property to protect what the supervisor takes to be the client's interest.