cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Simulation of Particle Size Effect on Dynamic Properties and Fracture of PTFE-W-Al Composites
Creators: name: Herbold, E. B.
name: Cai, J.
name: Benson, D. J.
name: Nesterenko, V. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent investigations of the dynamic compressive strength of cold isostatically pressed composites of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), tungsten (W) and aluminum (Al) powders show significant differences depending on the size of metallic particles. The addition of W increases the density and overall strength of the sample. To investigate relatively large deformations multi-material Eulerian and arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian methods, which have the ability to efficiently handle the formation of free surfaces, were used. The calculations indicate that the increased strength of the sample with fine metallic particles is due to the formation of force chains under dynamic loading. This phenomenon occurs even at larger porosity of the PTFE matrix in comparison with samples with larger particle size of W and higher density of the PTFE matrix.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures
Extension of bounded root functionals of a system of polynomial equations
Creators: name: Seifullin, Timur R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13B25

description: The notion of a root functional of a system of polynomials or ideal of polynomials is a generalization of the notion of a root, in particular, for a multiple root. A root functional is a linear functional that is defined on a polynomial ring and annuls the ideal of polynomials. A bounded root functional is a functional that annuls d-th component of the ideal in some filtration in this ideal. The paper consider bounded root functionals and their extension operation for a system of polynomial equation at which the number of equations is equal to the number of unknows. The extension operation has connection with the multivariate Bezoutian construction.
description: Published at Dopov. Nats. Akad. Nauk Ukr. Mat. Prirodozn. Tekh. Nauki 2002, no. 7, 35--42 in English. Summary translated from Ukraine
Interacting Constituents in Cosmology
Creators: name: Aldrovandi, R.
name: Cuzinatto, R. R.
name: Medeiros, L. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Universe evolution, as described by Friedmann's equations, is determined by source terms fixed by the choice of pressure $\times$ energy-density equations of state $p(ρ)$. The usual approach in Cosmology considers equations of state accounting only for kinematic terms, ignoring the contribution from the interactions between the particles constituting the source fluid. In this work the importance of these neglected terms is emphasized. A systematic method, based on the Statistical Mechanics of real fluids, is proposed to include them. A toy-model is presented which shows how such interaction terms can engender significant cosmological effects.
description: 24 pages, 6 figures. It includes results presented in "Cosmic Acceleration from Elementary Interactions" [arXiv:gr-qc/0512135]. Citations added in v.2
Constraining supersymmetry from the satellite experiments
Creators: name: Bi, Xiao-Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study the detectability of $γ$-rays from dark matter annihilation in the subhalos of the Milky Way by the satellite-based experiments, EGRET and GLAST. We work in the frame of supersymmetric extension of the standard model and assume the lightest neutralino being the dark matter particles. Based on the N-body simulation of the evolution of dark matter subhalos we first calculate the average intensity distribution of this new class of $γ$-ray sources by neutralino annihilation. It is possible to detect these $γ$-ray sources by EGRET and GLAST. Conversely, if these sources are not detected the nature of the dark matter particls will be constrained by these experiments, which, however, depending on the uncertainties of the subhalo profile.
description: 19 pages, 5 gigures; references added, more discussions added
Towards Demystifying Serverless Machine Learning Training
Creators: name: Jiang, Jiawei
name: Gan, Shaoduo
name: Liu, Yue
name: Wang, Fanlin
name: Alonso, Gustavo
name: Klimovic, Ana
name: Singla, Ankit
name: Wu, Wentao
name: Zhang, Ce
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The appeal of serverless (FaaS) has triggered a growing interest on how to use it in data-intensive applications such as ETL, query processing, or machine learning (ML). Several systems exist for training large-scale ML models on top of serverless infrastructures (e.g., AWS Lambda) but with inconclusive results in terms of their performance and relative advantage over "serverful" infrastructures (IaaS). In this paper we present a systematic, comparative study of distributed ML training over FaaS and IaaS. We present a design space covering design choices such as optimization algorithms and synchronization protocols, and implement a platform, LambdaML, that enables a fair comparison between FaaS and IaaS. We present experimental results using LambdaML, and further develop an analytic model to capture cost/performance tradeoffs that must be considered when opting for a serverless infrastructure. Our results indicate that ML training pays off in serverless only for models with efficient (i.e., reduced) communication and that quickly converge. In general, FaaS can be much faster but it is never significantly cheaper than IaaS.
Enumeration of Latin squares with conjugate symmetry
Creators: name: McKay, Brendan D.
name: Wanless, Ian M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05B15, 20N05

description: A Latin square has six conjugate Latin squares obtained by uniformly permuting its (row, column, symbol) triples. We say that a Latin square has conjugate symmetry if at least two of its six conjugates are equal. We enumerate Latin squares with conjugate symmetry and classify them according to several common notions of equivalence. We also do similar enumerations under additional hypotheses, such as assuming the Latin square is reduced, diagonal, idempotent or unipotent. Our data corrected an error in earlier literature and suggested several patterns that we then found proofs for, including (1) The number of isomorphism classes of semisymmetric idempotent Latin squares of order $n$ equals the number of isomorphism classes of semisymmetric unipotent Latin squares of order $n+1$, and (2) Suppose $A$ and $B$ are totally symmetric Latin squares of order $n\not\equiv0\bmod3$. If $A$ and $B$ are paratopic then $A$ and $B$ are isomorphic.
Luminosity-Diameter Relations for Globular Clusters and Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies
Creators: name: Bergh, Sidney van den
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that globular clusters and the dwarf spheroidal companions of the Galaxy have a different distribution of flattening values, and appear to occupy adjacent regions of the M_v versus log R_h plane that can be separated by what will be referred to as the Shapley line. Surprisingly, typical dwarf spheroidal companions to the Milky Way System are fainter than the average Galactic globular cluster.
description: includes two colour figures; MNRAS (Letters) in press
Interventions to increase active travel and improve health outcomes in different population groups: a multi-stage evidence synthesis
Creators: name: Stansfield, Claire
name: Thomas, James
name: Sowden, Amanda
name: Hollands, Gareth J
name: Sutcliffe, Katy
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Transportation
subject: Public Health
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: active transport
subject: active travel
subject: cycling
subject: walking

description: The overall aim of this research is to develop understanding of the potential public health impact of active travel interventions across different population groups, particularly those subject to disparities in health outcomes. This will be addressed via a multi-stage programme of work. We will first produce a descriptive and high-level overview of the research evidence on differential impacts of active travel interventions (Evidence Map), followed by an in-depth assessment of their effectiveness (Effectiveness Review). The Evidence Map will help to refine the scope of the Effectiveness Review to make it optimally informative and efficient given available evidence, and contextualise the findings of the of the Effectiveness Review – e.g. by illustrating types of interventions for which data are not available.
Isolated horizons in higher-dimensional Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity
Creators: name: Liko, Tomas
name: Booth, Ivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The isolated horizon framework was introduced in order to provide a local description of black holes that are in equilibrium with their (possibly dynamic) environment. Over the past several years, the framework has been extended to include matter fields (dilaton, Yang-Mills etc) in D=4 dimensions and cosmological constant in $D\geq3$ dimensions. In this article we present a further extension of the framework that includes black holes in higher-dimensional Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet (EGB) gravity. In particular, we construct a covariant phase space for EGB gravity in arbitrary dimensions which allows us to derive the first law. We find that the entropy of a weakly isolated and non-rotating horizon is given by $\mathcal{S}=(1/4G_{D})\oint_{S^{D-2}}\bm{\tildeε}(1+2α\mathcal{R})$. In this expression $S^{D-2}$ is the $(D-2)$-dimensional cross section of the horizon with area form $\bm{\tildeε}$ and Ricci scalar $\mathcal{R}$, $G_{D}$ is the $D$-dimensional Newton constant and $α$ is the Gauss-Bonnet parameter. This expression for the horizon entropy is in agreement with those predicted by the Euclidean and Noether charge methods. Thus we extend the isolated horizon framework beyond Einstein gravity.
description: 18 pages; 1 figure; v2: 19 pages; 2 references added; v3: 19 pages; minor corrections; 1 reference added; to appear in Classical and Quantum Gravity
Pushing subarcsecond resolution imaging down to 30 MHz with the trans-European International LOFAR Telescope
Creators: name: Groeneveld, C.
name: van Weeren, R. J.
name: Miley, G. K.
name: Morabito, L. K.
name: de Gasperin, F.
name: Callingham, J. R.
name: Sweijen, F.
name: Brüggen, M.
name: Botteon, A.
name: Offringa, A.
name: Brunetti, G.
name: Moldon, J.
name: Bondi, M.
name: Kappes, A.
name: Röttgering, H. J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Relatively little information is available about the Universe at ultra-low radio frequencies, i.e. below 50 MHz (ULF), although the ULF spectral window contains a wealth of unique diagnostics for studying galactic and extragalactic phenomena. Sub-arcsecond resolution imaging at these frequencies is extremely difficult, due to the long baselines (>1000 km) required and large ionospheric perturbations. We have conducted a pilot project to investigate the ULF performance and potential of the International LOFAR Telescope (ILT), a trans-European interferometric array with baselines up to ~2000 km and observing frequencies down to 10 MHz. We have successfully produced images with sub-arcsecond resolution for 6 radio sources at frequencies down to 30 MHz. This is more than an order of magnitude better resolution than pre-ILT observations at similar frequencies. The six targets that we have imaged (3C 196, 3C 225, 3C 273, 3C 295, 3C 298 and 3C 380) are bright radio sources with compact structures. By comparing our data of 3C 196 and 3C 273 with observations at higher frequencies, we investigate their spatially resolved radio spectral properties. Our success shows that at frequencies down to 30 MHz, sub-arcsecond imaging with the ILT is possible. Further analysis is needed to determine the feasibility of observations of fainter sources or sources with less compact emission.
description: Accepted to a special issue of A&A on sub-arcsecond imaging with LOFAR. 11 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables
A 610-MHz survey of the Lockman Hole with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope - I. Observations, data reduction and source catalogue for the central 5 square degrees
Creators: name: Garn, Timothy
name: Green, David A.
name: Riley, Julia M.
name: Alexander, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present observations of the Lockman Hole with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT). Twelve pointings were observed, covering a total area of ~ five square degrees with a resolution of 6 x 5 arcsec, position angle +45deg. The majority of the pointings have an rms noise of 60 microJy/beam before correction for the attenuation of the GMRT primary beam. Techniques used for data reduction and production of a mosaicked image of the region are described, and the final mosaic is presented, along with a catalogue of 2845 sources detected above 6 sigma. Radio source counts are calculated at 610 MHz and combined with existing 1.4-GHz source counts, in order to show that pure luminosity evolution of the local radio luminosity functions for active galactic nuclei and starburst galaxies is sufficient to account for the two source counts simultaneously.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 8 pages, 8 figures, some with reduced image quality. Table 1 is available in full via http://www.mrao.cam.ac.uk/surveys/
Entanglement Entropy in the Calogero-Sutherland Model
Creators: name: Katsura, Hosho
name: Hatsuda, Yasuyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the entanglement entropy between two subsets of particles in the ground state of the Calogero-Sutherland model. By using the duality relations of the Jack symmetric polynomials, we obtain exact expressions for both the reduced density matrix and the entanglement entropy in the limit of an infinite number of particles traced out. From these results, we obtain an upper bound value of the entanglement entropy. This upper bound has a clear interpretation in terms of fractional exclusion statistics.
description: 14 pages, 3figures, references added
Efficient simulations of high-spin black holes with a new gauge
Creators: name: Chen, Yitian
name: Deppe, Nils
name: Kidder, Lawrence E.
name: Teukolsky, Saul A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new choice of initial data for binary black hole simulations that significantly improves the efficiency of high-spin simulations. We use spherical Kerr-Schild coordinates, where the horizon of a rotating black hole is spherical, for each black hole. The superposed spherical Kerr-Schild initial data reduce the runtime by a factor of 2 compared to standard superposed Kerr-Schild for an intermediate resolution spin-0.99 binary-black-hole simulation. We also explore the possibility of delaying the transition from the initial data gauge to the evolution gauge, which produces an additional speed-up of 1.3.
description: 17 pages, 11 figures, 3 tables
Le Eclogae di Giovanni Pontano
Creators: name: Tufano, Carmela Vera
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2010

description: Il nostro lavoro di ricerca consiste in un commentario al testo delle Eclogae di Giovanni Pontano, che ne fornisce un'analisi dei rapporti con le varie tradizioni poetiche classiche, medievali e umanistiche, volta a chiarirne gli ipotesti, lo statuto bucolico e il grado di rielaborazione delle fonti e di originalità.
Preliminary Results on HAT-P-4, TrES-3, XO-2, and GJ 436 from the NASA EPOXI Mission
Creators: name: Ballard, Sarah
name: Charbonneau, David
name: A'Hearn, Michael F.
name: Deming, Drake
name: Holman, Matthew J.
name: Christiansen, Jessie L.
name: Weldrake, David T. F.
name: Barry, Richard K.
name: Kuchner, Marc J.
name: Livengood, Timothy A.
name: Pedelty, Jeffrey
name: Schultz, Alfred
name: Hewagama, Tilak
name: Sunshine, Jessica M.
name: Wellnitz, Dennis D.
name: Hampton, Don L.
name: Lisse, Carey M.
name: Seager, Sara
name: Veverka, Joseph F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: EPOXI (EPOCh + DIXI) is a NASA Discovery Program Mission of Opportunity using the Deep Impact flyby spacecraft. The EPOCh (Extrasolar Planet Observation and Characterization) Science Investigation will gather photometric time series of known transiting exoplanet systems from January through August 2008. Here we describe the steps in the photometric extraction of the time series and present preliminary results of the first four EPOCh targets.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures. To appear in the Proceedings of the 253rd IAU Symposium: "Transiting Planets", May 2008, Cambridge, MA
Shortest Microlensing Event with a Bound Planet: KMT-2016-BLG-2605
Creators: name: Ryu, Yoon-Hyun
name: Hwang, Kyu-Ha
name: Gould, Andrew
name: Yee, Jennifer C.
name: Albrow, Michael D.
name: Chung, Sun-Ju
name: Han, Cheongho
name: Jung, Youn Kil
name: Kim, Hyoun-Woo
name: Shin, In-Gu
name: Shvartzvald, Yossi
name: Zang, Weicheng
name: Cha, Sang-Mok
name: Kim, Dong-Jin
name: Kim, Seung-Lee
name: Lee, Chung-Uk
name: Lee, Dong-Joo
name: Lee, Yongseok
name: Park, Byeong-Gon
name: Pogge, Richard W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: KMT-2016-BLG-2605, with planet-host mass ratio $q=0.012\pm 0.001$, has the shortest Einstein timescale, $t_\e = 3.41\pm 0.13\,$days, of any planetary microlensing event to date. This prompts us to examine the full sample of 7 short ($t_\e<7\,$day) planetary events with good $q$ measurements. We find that six have clustered Einstein radii $θ_\e = 115\pm 20\,\muas$ and lens-source relative proper motions $μ_\rel\simeq 9.5\pm 2.5\,\masyr$. For the seventh, these two quantities could not be measured. These distributions are consistent with a Galactic-bulge population of very low-mass (VLM) hosts near the hydrogen-burning limit. This conjecture could be verified by imaging at first adaptive-optics light on next-generation (30m) telescopes. Based on a preliminary assessment of the sample, "planetary" companions (i.e., below the deuterium-burning limit) are divided into "genuine planets", formed in their disks by core accretion, and very low-mass brown dwarfs, which form like stars. We discuss techniques for expanding the sample, which include taking account of the peculiar "anomaly dominated" morphology of the KMT-2016-BLG-2605 light curve.
description: 34 pages, 4 Tables, 8 figures
Quantum Markovian Subsystems: Invariance, Attractivity, and Control
Creators: name: Ticozzi, Francesco
name: Viola, Lorenza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We characterize the dynamical behavior of continuous-time, Markovian quantum systems with respect to a subsystem of interest. Markovian dynamics describes a wide class of open quantum systems of relevance to quantum information processing, subsystem encodings offering a general pathway to faithfully represent quantum information. We provide explicit linear-algebraic characterizations of the notion of invariant and noiseless subsystem for Markovian master equations, under different robustness assumptions for model-parameter and initial-state variations. The stronger concept of an attractive quantum subsystem is introduced, and sufficient existence conditions are identified based on Lyapunov's stability techniques. As a main control application, we address the potential of output-feedback Markovian control strategies for quantum pure state-stabilization and noiseless-subspace generation. In particular, explicit results for the synthesis of stabilizing semigroups and noiseless subspaces in finite-dimensional Markovian systems are obtained.
description: 16 pages, no figures. Revised version with new title, corrected typos, partial rewriting of Section III.E and some other minor changes
ANALISI A SCALA REGIONALE DEI SISTEMI AMBIENTALI INTERESSATI DA SCENARI DI MULTIRISCHIO IDROGEOLOGICO
Creators: name: Coico, Pompeo
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2010

description: Oggetto del lavoro di tesi, pertanto, è la definizione di un approccio geomorfologico quantitativo adeguato al livello regionale di supporto all‘impostazione degli scenari di evento che possono indurre situazioni di multi-rischio idrogeologico (interazione fra la pericolosità di versante e quella di fondovalle) in essere o attesi.
L‘area di riferimento dello studio è l‘intero territorio della Regione Campania. Gli obiettivi posti sono stati perseguiti attraverso la raccolta e sistematizzazione dei dati effettuata in più fasi successive:
1) la revisione e cartografazione dei dati di base disponibili relativi ai fenomeni franosi del territorio regionale, effettuando sistematiche analisi aerofotogrammetriche sull‘intera popolazione, tarate da opportuni rilevamenti di campo originali sugli eventi di maggiore interesse o problematicità;
2) La loro reinterpretazione in termini di protezione civile, con l‘individuazione dei sistemi territoriali ed ambientali che costituiscono le aree di maggiore attenzione (Hotspots) per la vastità ed intensità degli eventi attesi, per i danni più probabili prospettati e per le ricadute in termini di risorse umane, materiali e finanziarie mobilizzabili.

La metodologia adottata per l‘analisi dei dati e la loro valorizzazione in termini di pericolosità è stata attuata attraverso delle procedure statistiche consolidate nella letteratura scientifica di settore (Carrara et al., 1983, 1991, 1992, 1995), che utilizza un modello statistico in due fasi di studio:
1) Analisi di dettaglio delle ―training areas‖, cioè aree di particolare approfondimento in cui ricadono le fenomenologie di interesse;
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2) Estensione dell‘analisi alle ―target areas‖, in altre parole agli ambiti geomorfologici significativi relativi all‘intera popolazione di eventi che possono evolvere secondo i meccanismi verificati nelle training areas.
3) Analisi comparativa tra training areas e target areas ed impostazione di scenari evolutivi che prospettano modalità, intensità e vastità delle situazioni di multi-rischio idrogeologico;
L‘obiettivo dello studio, quindi, non è solo l‘interazione tra situazioni che possono indurre combinazioni di rischio frana e rischio alluvioni, ma anche la definizione degli ambiti territoriali dove tali situazioni si sono manifestate e si possono manifestare. Successivamente è stata effettuata una selezione delle variabili descrittive che maggiormente influenzano il sistema indagato, sulle quali è stata in seguito effettuata un‘analisi multifattoriale di tipo regressivo – lineare allo scopo di individuarne le relazioni che governano il sistema.
Infine, è stato impostato un modello interpretativo che orienta nella definizione degli scenari e nell‘individuazione delle aree interessate.
La doppia edizione de Le lagrime di San Pietro di Luigi Tansillo tra censura e manipolazione
Creators: name: Torre, Luca
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2010

description: Edizione sinottica delle due versioni del poema Le lagrime di San Pietro nella stampa di Vico Equense del 1585 e in quella veneziana del 1606.
Cataracts, growth and histopathology in juvenile chinook salmon (Oncoryhnchus tshawytscha) as influenced by dietary calcium, phosphorus, zinc and sodium phytate
Creators: name: Richardson, Nancy L.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: In 1981 a severe cataract outbreak occurred in chinook and coho salmon stocks at several British Columbia and Washington State hatcheries. It was hypothesized that the cataracts resulted from a zinc deficiency due to high levels of dietary calcium and phosphorus in relation to zinc. This thesis, consisting of three experiments, was designed to investigate this possibility in juvenile chinook salmon. Experiments I (preliminary study) and III (comprehensive study) investigated the influence of wide variations in dietary levels of calcium, phosphorus, zinc and phytic acid (as sodium phytate) on growth, cataract incidence, appetite, food conversion, protein efficiency, health and histopathology in chinook salmon. Experiment II was conducted to determine whether chinook salmon were more susceptible to cataract formation at different times in their early life history. The test diets for all studies were casein-gelatin based. Levels of calcium, zinc and phytic acid (g/kg diet) ranged from 4.4-53, 0.034-0.400 and 0.06-25.8, respectively. Diets were formulated to have a calcium to phosphorus ratio of close to unity when disregarding the phytate-phosphorus contribution. In experiments I and III, high phytic acid content (21.1-25.8 g/kg diet) depressed growth, food and protein conversion, increased mortality and induced bilateral cataracts (zinc at 0.05-0.100 g/kg). Moreover, high dietary levels of calcium and phosphorus exacerbated the effects of high phytate and low zinc on cataract incidence. Cataracts were prevented however, when dietary zinc levels were ≥0.27 g/kg diet. In experiment II, cataract formation was noted to be dependent upon the time of exposure to a cataractogenic diet. For example, opacities did not appear until day 126 in fish which were fed the cataract diet between days 42 and 84. This knowledge of an apparent delay in cataract formation may be useful to hatchery managers when investigating the cause of a cataract problem. Diets containing ≥11.6 g phytic acid and 29.1 g calcium/kg induced anomalies in pyloric caeca! structure. Furthermore, the ingestion of diets containing a minimum of 25 g Ca/kg produced nephrocalcinosis in chinook salmon. Plasma, blood, liver and kidney zinc levels were directly related to dietary zinc concentration and, in the case of plasma and blood, inversely related to dietary phytic acid level. It is concluded that high dietary levels of phytic acid are detrimental to the health and performance of juvenile chinook salmon and that zinc is essential for normal eye development. Further, under the conditions of this study, cataracts could not be induced in chinook salmon fed high dietary ratios of calcium (or phosphorus) to zinc unless a strong mineral (zinc)-binding agent was also present.
Observation of B->etarho+ and search for B0 Decays to eta'eta, etapi0, eta'pi0, and omegapi0
Creators: name: The BABAR Collaboration
name: Aubert, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present measurements of branching fractions for five B-meson decays to two-body charmless final states. The data, collected with the BABAR detector at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, represent 459 million BBbar pairs. The results for branching fractions are, in units of 10^{-6} (upper limits at 90% C.L.): BR(B+ -> etarho+) = 9.9 +/- 1.2 +/- 0.8, BR(B0 -> eta'eta) = 0.5 +/- 0.4 +/- 0.1 (<1.2), BR(B0 -> etapi0) = 0.9 +/- 0.4 +/- 0.1 (<1.5), BR(B0 -> eta'pi0) = 0.9 +/- 0.4 +/- 0.1 (<1.5), and BR(B0 -> omegapi0) = 0.07 +/- 0.26 +/- 0.02 (<0.5). The first error quoted is statistical and the second systematic. For the etarho+ mode, we measure the charge asymmetry Ach(B+ -> etarho+) = 0.13 +/- 0.11 +/- 0.02.
description: 8 pages, 2 postscript figures, submitted to PRD RC
On the unification of the graph edit distance and graph matching problems
Creators: name: Raveaux, Romain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Error-tolerant graph matching gathers an important family of problems. These problems aim at finding correspondences between two graphs while integrating an error model. In the Graph Edit Distance (GED) problem, the insertion/deletion of edges/nodes from one graph to another is explicitly expressed by the error model. At the opposite, the problem commonly referred to as "graph matching" does not explicitly express such operations. For decades, these two problems have split the research community in two separated parts. It resulted in the design of different solvers for the two problems. In this paper, we propose a unification of both problems thanks to a single model. We give the proof that the two problems are equivalent under a reformulation of the error models. This unification makes possible the use on both problems of existing solving methods from the two communities.
Charge-velocity-dependent one-scale linear model
Creators: name: Martins, C. J. A. P.
name: Peter, Patrick
name: Rybak, I. Yu.
name: Shellard, E. P. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply a recently developed formalism to study the evolution of a current-carrying string network under the simple but generic assumption of a linear equation of state. We demonstrate that the existence of a scaling solution with non-trivial current depends on the expansion rate of the universe, the initial root mean square current on the string, and the available energy loss mechanisms. We find that the fast expansion rate after radiation-matter equality will tend to rapidly dilute any pre-existing current and the network will evolve towards the standard Nambu-Goto scaling solution (provided there are no external current-generating mechanisms). During the radiation era, current growth is possible provided the initial conditions for the network generate a relatively large current and/or there is significant early string damping. The network can then achieve scaling with a stable non-trivial current, assuming large currents will be regulated by some leakage mechanism. The potential existence of current-carrying string networks in the radiation era, unlike the standard Nambu-Goto networks expected in the matter era, could have interesting phenomenological consequences.
description: 21 pages, 9 figures
Computing the Local Ion Concentration Variations for Electric-Double-Layer-Modulation Microscopy
Creators: name: Zhang, Zhu
name: Yang, Jie
name: Lian, Cheng
name: Faez, Sanli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Modulating the electric potential on a conducting electrode is presented to generate an optical contrast for scattering microscopy that is sensitive to both surface charge and local topography. We dub this method Electric-Double-Layer-Modulation microscopy. We numerically compute the change in the local ion concentration that is the origin of this optical contrast for three experimentally relevant geometries: nanosphere, nanowire, and nanohole. In absence of plasmonic effects and physical absorption, the observable optical contrast is proportional to the derivative of the ion concentration with respect to the modulated potential. We demonstrate that this derivative depends on the size of the object and, less intuitively, also on its surface charge. This dependence is key to measuring the surface charge, in an absolute way, using this method. Our results help to identify the experimental conditions such as dynamic range and sensitivity that will be necessary for detecting the elementary charge jumps. We conclude that the nanohole is the most suitable geometry among these three for achieving elementary charge sensitivity.
description: 17 pages, 10 figures
Nature-based solutions in the urban context: terminology, classification and scoring for urban challenges and ecosystem services
Creators: name: Castellar, Joana. A. C.
name: Popartan, Lucia . A.
name: Pueyo-Ros, Josep
name: Atanasova, Natasa
name: Langergraber, Gunter
name: Saumel, Ina
name: Corominas, Lluis
name: Comas, Joaquim
name: Acuna, Vicenc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The concept of Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) has emerged to foster sustainable development by transversally addressing social, economic, and environmental urban challenges. However, there is still a considerable lack of agreement on the conceptualization of NBS, especially concerning typologies, nomenclature, and performance assessments in terms of ecosystem services (ES) and urban challenges (UC). Therefore, this article consolidates the knowledge from 4 European projects to set a path for a common understanding of NBS and thus, facilitate their mainstreaming.
Tackle your Tics: a unique and innovative cooperation between researchers, therapists and patient representatives
Creators: name: Beljaars, Laura
name: Heijerman, Annet
name: Verdellen, Cara
name: Grient, Jolande Van De
name: Bus, Marjolijn
name: Vlaanderen, Iris
name: Carper, Ed
name: Cath, Daniëlle
name: Hoekstra, Pieter
name: Huyser, Chaim
name: Utens, Lisbeth
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2019

description: Background:
The research norm has long been that research was conducted by academically educated researchers only. Over the last few years, there has been a shift towards involving patients representatives. By collaborating with experts by experience, research can be better attuned to patients’ and parents’ needs, and can therefore become more effective.

Methods:
Different kind of patients representatives (adults with Tourette Syndrome and parents of children with TS) are highly involved in the Tackle your Tics study, a feasibility study into brief intensive group based behavioral therapy for tics in children and adolescents (9-17 years). This study was funded by the British patient organization Tourette’s Action. The psychologist conducting the research (AH) and a co-researcher (LB) are both patient representatives. This co-researcher and another patient representative (IV), both licensed educational professionals, provided psychoeducation during this brief therapy. A forth patient representative (EC), trained in coaching and counseling support groups, provided peer support for parents. Parental meetings were accompanied by both patient representatives and experienced therapists.  Patient representatives were involved in every phase of the study, from identifying the problem, to development of the study, design of the protocol and conducting the study all the way to evaluation.

Results and Conclusions:
Initially, the main research goal in the Tackle your Tics study was tic reduction. Quality of Life was added, as patient representatives emphasized its importance. Innovative workshops on coping mechanisms were included in the treatment protocol. These workshops were taught by patient representatives (adults with TS). This was seen as very valuable by patients, parents and the research and treatment team. Via parent meetings, led by patient representatives (an adult with TS and a parent of a child with TS), parents were involved, which was evaluated as very helpful by parents.
Tackle your Tics is a unique and innovative cooperation between researchers, experienced therapists and patient representatives. An evidenced-based treatment was provided and additional elements were added. This led to a ‘total package’ of treatment with a focus on both tics and quality of life. According to parents, this was one of the main reasons to participate in this study. Considering our positive experience in this worthwhile collaboration in the Tackle your Tics project, we recommend to use patient representatives during the whole research project.
Auf dem Weg zur Nationalen Forschungsdateninfrastruktur. DARIAH-CLARIAH-Text+ Angebote für die Romanistik
Creators: name: Rißler-Pipka, Nanette
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Forschungsdaten
Romanistik
Infrastruktur
DARIAH
CLARIAH

description: Der Vortrag fand im Rahmen des Workshops "Datensicherung im Forschungsprozess" des FID Romanistik und der AG Digitale Romanistik statt. Das vollständige Prgramm ist online verfügbar. Die Perspektive einzelner Fachcommunitys auf die Angebote langjährig bestehender Forschungsdateninfrastrukturen wie DARIAH-DE ist besonders im Rahmen der Nationalen Forschungsdatenindrastruktur (NFDI) entscheidend. Hier wird auf die Historie von DARIAH-DE zu CLARIAH und die Verbindung zur NFDI eingegangen sowie einige Angebote exemplarisch präsentiert.
Production of medium-mass neutron-rich nuclei in reactions induced by 136Xe projectiles at 1 A GeV on a beryllium target
Creators: name: Benlliure, J.
name: Fernandez-Ordonez, M.
name: Audouin, L.
name: Boudard, A.
name: Casarejos, E.
name: Ducret, J. E.
name: Enqvist, T.
name: Heinz, A.
name: Henzlova, D.
name: Henzl, V.
name: Kelic, A.
name: Leray, S.
name: Napolitani, P.
name: Pereira, J.
name: Rejmund, F.
name: Ricciardi, M. V.
name: Schmidt, K. -H.
name: Schmitt, C.
name: Stephan, C.
name: Tassan-Got, L.
name: Volant, C.
name: Villagrasa, C.
name: Yordanov, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Production cross sections of medium-mass neutron-rich nuclei obtained in the fragmentation of 136Xe projectiles at 1 A GeV have been measured with the FRagment Separator (FRS) at GSI. 125Pd was identified for the first time. The measured cross sections are compared to 238U fission yields and model calculations in order to determine the optimum reaction mechanism to extend the limits of the chart of the nuclides around the r-process waiting point at N=82.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
A Comprehensive Analysis of the Swift/XRT Data: II. Diverse Physical Origins of the Shallow Decay Segment
Creators: name: Liang, En-Wei
name: Zhang, Bin-Bin
name: Zhang, Bing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the properties of the shallow decay segment with a sample of 53 long Swift GRBs. We show that the distributions of its characteristics are log-normal or normal, and its isotropic X-ray energy (E_{iso,X}) is linearly correlated with the prompt gamma-ray energy, but with a steeper photon spectrum except for some X-ray flashes. No significant spectral evolution is observed from this phase to the follow-up phase, and the follow-up phase is usually consistent with the external shock models, implying that this segment likely due to a refreshed external shock. Within this scenario, the data are generally consistent with a roughly constant injection luminosity up to the end of this phase $t_b$. A positive correlation between E_{iso, X} and t_b also favors this scenario. Among the 13 bursts that have well-sampled optical light curves, 6 have an optical break around t_b and the breaks are consistent with being achromatic. However, the other 7 bursts either do not show an optical break or have a break at a different epoch than t_b. This raises a concern to the energy injection scenario, suggesting that the optical and X-ray emissions may not be the same component at least for a fraction of bursts. There are 4 significant outliers in the sample, and this shallow decau phase in these bursts is immediately followed by a very steep decay after t_b, which is inconsistent with any external shock model. The optical data of these bursts evolve independently from the X-ray data. These X-ray plateaus likely have an internal origin and demand continuous operation of a long-term GRB central engine. We conclude that the observed shallow decay phase likely has diverse physical origins(Abridged).
description: 27 pages in emulateapj style, 8 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ, optical data fitting and references added, conclusions unchanged. This is the second paper of a series. Paper I see astro-ph/0612246 (ApJ, 2007, in press)
Effect of ice sheet thickness on formation of the Hiawatha impact crater
Creators: name: Silber, Elizabeth A.
name: Johnson, Brandon C.
name: Bjonnes, Evan
name: MacGregor, Joseph A.
name: Larsen, Nicolaj K.
name: Wiggins, Sean E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery of a large putative impact crater buried beneath Hiawatha Glacier along the margin of the northwestern Greenland Ice Sheet has reinvigorated interest into the nature of large impacts into thick ice masses. This circular structure is relatively shallow and exhibits a small central uplift, whereas a peak-ring morphology is expected. This discrepancy may be due to long-term and ongoing subglacial erosion but may also be explained by a relatively recent impact through the Greenland Ice Sheet, which is expected to alter the final crater morphology. Here we model crater formation using hydrocode simulations, varying pre-impact ice thickness and impactor composition over crystalline target rock. We find that an ice-sheet thickness of 1.5 or 2 km results in a crater morphology that is consistent with the present morphology of this structure. Further, an ice sheet that thick substantially inhibits ejection of rocky material, which might explain the absence of rocky ejecta in most existing Greenland deep ice cores if the impact occurred during the late Pleistocene. From the present morphology of the putative Hiawatha impact crater alone, we cannot distinguish between an older crater formed by a pre-Pleistocene impact into ice-free bedrock or a younger, Pleistocene impact into locally thick ice, but based on our modeling we conclude that latter scenario is possible.
description: 29 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables
An Algebraic Approach to Physical Fields
Creators: name: Chen, Lu
name: Fritz, Tobias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: According to the algebraic approach to spacetime, a thoroughgoing dynamicism, physical fields exist without an underlying manifold. This view is usually implemented by postulating an algebraic structure (e.g., commutative ring) of scalar-valued functions, which can be interpreted as representing a scalar field, and deriving other structures from it. In this work, we point out that this leads to the unjustified primacy of an undetermined scalar field. Instead, we propose to consider algebraic structures in which all (and only) physical fields are primitive. We explain how the theory of \emph{natural operations} in differential geometry -- the modern formalism behind classifying diffeomorphism-invariant constructions -- can be used to obtain concrete implementations of this idea for any given collection of fields. For concrete examples, we illustrate how our approach applies to a number of particular physical fields, including electrodynamics coupled to a Weyl spinor.
description: 33 pages, to appear in Studies in History and Philosophy of Science
Structure of the Nondiffracting (Localized) Waves, and some interesting applications
Creators: name: Zamboni-Rached, Michel
name: Recami, Erasmo
name: Hernandez-Figueroa, Hugo E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Since the early works[1-4] on the so-called nondiffracting waves (called also Localized Waves), a great deal of results has been published on this important subject, from both the theoretical and the experimental point of view. Initially, the theory was developed taking into account only free space; however, in recent years, it has been extended for more complex media exhibiting effects such as dispersion[5-7], nonlinearity[8], anisotropy[9] and losses[10]. Such extensions have been carried out along with the development of efficient methods for obtaining nondiffracting beams and pulses in the subluminal, luminal and superluminal regimes[11-18]. This paper (partly a review) addresses some theoretical methods related to nondiffracting solutions of the linear wave equation in unbounded homogeneous media, as well as to some interesting applications of such waves. In section II we analyze the general structure of the Localized Waves, develop the so called Generalized Bidirectional Decomposition, and use it to obtain several luminal and superluminal (especially X-shaped) nondiffracting solutions of the wave equation. In section III we develop a space-time focusing method by a continuous superposition of X-Shaped pulses of different velocities. Section IV addresses the properties of chirped optical X-Shaped pulses propagating in material media without boundaries. Finally, in Section V, we show how a suitable superposition of Bessel beams can be used to obtain stationary localized wave fields, with a static envelope and a high transverse localization, and whose longitudinal intensity pattern can assume any desired shape within a chosen interval of the propagation axis.
description: Article (mainly a review) with 37 pages and 8 Figures. An improved version of this paper will appear as Chpater 2 of the book "Localized Waves" (J.Wiley; in press), ed. by H.E.Hernandez-Figueroa, M.Zamboni-Rached, and E.Recami
The Relationship between Demographic Characteristics and Academic Performance in English of Grade 11 Students
Creators: name: Labador, Jerica
name: Borinaga, Jumars
name: Bofill, Radcliffe Christian
name: Bacatan, Jovenil
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The study entitled “The Relationship between Demographic Characteristics and Academic Performance in English of Grade 11 Students” aimed to seek the demographic characteristics of students and their academic performance and to determine if there is a significant relationship between demographic characteristics and academic performance in English of Grade 11 students. A descriptive-correlational research design was used in the study. The essential data were gathered from a sample size of 51 respondents using the validated modified demographic questionnaire. Data were analyzed and interpreted using frequency, percentage, and chi-square test as statistical tools. It was found that the academic performance of Grade 11 students in terms of grades was satisfactory. The result indicated that one (1) among four factors (Parent's Educational Attainment of Father) was significantly related to academic performance. Hence, based on these results, parents, especially fathers, should be knowledgeable enough about their children's academic needs. The researchers also suggested to future researchers the importance of conducting another study with other demographic characteristics not included in the study that may have a significant relationship to the student's academic performance.