cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Anti-reflection Coated Vacuum Window for the Primordial Inflation Polarization ExploreR (PIPER) balloon-borne instrument
Creators: name: Datta, Rahul
name: Chuss, David T.
name: Eimer, Joseph
name: Essinger-Hileman, Thomas
name: Gandilo, Natalie N.
name: Helson, Kyle
name: Kogut, Alan J.
name: Lowe, Luke
name: Mirel, Paul
name: Rostem, Karwan
name: Sagliocca, Marco
name: Sponseller, Danielle
name: Switzer, Eric R.
name: Taraschi, Peter A.
name: Wollack, Edward J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measuring the faint polarization signal of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) not only requires high optical throughput and instrument sensitivity but also control over systematic effects. Polarimetric cameras or receivers used in this setting often employ dielectric vacuum windows, filters, or lenses to appropriately prepare light for detection by cooled sensor arrays. These elements in the optical chain are typically designed to minimize reflective losses and hence improve sensitivity while minimizing potential imaging artifacts such as glint and ghosting. The Primordial Inflation Polarization ExploreR (PIPER) is a balloon-borne instrument designed to measure the polarization of the CMB radiation at the largest angular scales and characterize astrophysical dust foregrounds. PIPER's twin telescopes and detector systems are submerged in an open-aperture liquid helium bucket dewar. A fused-silica window anti-reflection (AR) coated with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is installed on the vacuum cryostat that houses the cryogenic detector arrays. Light passes from the skyward portions of the telescope to the detector arrays though this window, which utilizes an indium seal to prevent superfluid helium leaks into the vacuum cryostat volume. The AR coating implemented reduces reflections from each interface to <1% compared to ~10% from an uncoated window surface. The AR coating procedure and room temperature optical measurements of the window are presented. The indium vacuum sealing process is also described in detail and test results characterizing its integrity to superfluid helium leaks are provided.
BP-14: Observation of magnon-phonon coupling in two-dimensional ferromagnetic Fe3GeTe2
Creators: Namrata Bansal
Qili Li
Paul Nufer
Lichuan Zhang
Amir-Abbas Haghighirad
Yuriy Mokrousov and Wulf Wulfhekel
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2023

Spin Waves and Magnonics I
The quasiparticle excitations such as magnon and phonon can both be observed in magnetic materials. Magnon polarons [1-4] are the quasiparticles formed through the coupling of magnons and phonons. Fe3GeTe2 (FGT) is a ferromagnetic two-dimensional van der Waals material with a Curie temperature of up to 230 K [5,6] which makes it a promising candidate for the development of spintronic devices [7]. We use inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy (IETS) at 35 mK to investigate phonon-magnon coupling in FGT. IETS is a powerful tool for determining the inelastic scattering of hot carriers with magnons or phonons with the second derivative of the tunneling current with respect to the bias voltage being proportional to the density of states of phonons and/or magnons. We observed three low-energy excitations below 10 meV using non spin-polarized IETS, as shown in Fig. [1]. These excitations are further supported by the spin-polarized IETS, which further demonstrate their spin-dependent nature by displaying a sizable spin contrast across a domain wall. Interestingly, calculations using density functional theory (DFT) do not reveal any peaks in the density of states (DOS) for phonons or magnons below 10 meV, ruling out the possibility that either phonons or magnons solely are responsible for these excitations. To understand our experimental results, we compared the low-energy bands between phonons and magnons, which show band crossings. Moreover, the energies of these crossings match our experimental results. These band crossings can result in van Hove singularities when there is a significant magnon-phonon interaction. Consequently, magnon polarons can be identified as the low-energy excitations that were detected. Our results provide insights into the potential application of acoustic magnonics in FGT.References: [1] Berk, C., et al. Nat. Commun. 10, 2652 (2019) [2] Vaclavkova, D., et al. Phys. Rev. B 104, 134437, (2021). [3] Li, J., et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 217201, (2020). [4] Nambu, Y., et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 027201, (2020). [5] Deiseroth, H., et al. European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 2006, 1561-1567, (2006). [6] Fei, Z., et al. Nat. Mat. 17, 778-782, (2018). [7] Deng, Y. et al. Nature 563, 94-99, (2018).
A computer program for fast non-LTE analysis of interstellar line spectra
Creators: name: van der Tak, Floris
name: Black, John
name: Schoeier, Fredrik
name: Jansen, David
name: van Dishoeck, Ewine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The large quantity and high quality of modern radio and infrared line observations require efficient modeling techniques to infer physical and chemical parameters such as temperature, density, and molecular abundances. We present a computer program to calculate the intensities of atomic and molecular lines produced in a uniform medium, based on statistical equilibrium calculations involving collisional and radiative processes and including radiation from background sources. Optical depth effects are treated with an escape probability method. The program is available on the World Wide Web at http://www.sron.rug.nl/~vdtak/radex/index.shtml . The program makes use of molecular data files maintained in the Leiden Atomic and Molecular Database (LAMDA), which will continue to be improved and expanded. The performance of the program is compared with more approximate and with more sophisticated methods. An Appendix provides diagnostic plots to estimate physical parameters from line intensity ratios of commonly observed molecules. This program should form an important tool in analyzing observations from current and future radio and infrared telescopes.
description: Accepted by A&A; 18 A4 pages, 11 figures
Additional file 1 of Long-term health-related quality of life in patients treated with subcutaneous C1-inhibitor replacement therapy for the prevention of hereditary angioedema attacks: findings from the COMPACT open-label extension study
Creators: name: Lumry, William R.
name: Zuraw, Bruce
name: Cicardi, Marco
name: Craig, Timothy
name: Anderson, John
name: Aleena Banerji
name: Bernstein, Jonathan A.
name: Caballero, Teresa
name: Farkas, Henriette
name: Gower, Richard G.
name: Keith, Paul K.
name: Levy, Donald S.
name: H. Henry Li
name: Magerl, Markus
name: Manning, Michael
name: Riedl, Marc A.
name: John-Philip Lawo
name: Subhransu Prusty
name: Machnig, Thomas
name: Longhurst, Hilary
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Mean/median changes in patient-reported HRQoL outcomes from baseline to end of study in patients treated with C1-INH(SC) 40 or 60 IU/kg twice weekly.
Arbeitszeiten in Schweinemastbetrieben
Creators: name: Christl, Sylvia
name: Haidn, Bernhard
Publisher: name: LANDTECHNIK
Year: 1999

description: Im Rahmen zweier durch das KTBL unterstützter Forschungsprojekte wurden verschiedene Formen der strohlosen Mastschweinehaltung in größeren Beständen und der eingestreuten Mastschweinehaltung hinsichtlich Arbeitsablauf und Arbeitszeitbedarf untersucht. Aus den gewonnenen Daten wurden Modelle zur Berechnung des Arbeitszeitbedarfes in der Mastschweinehaltung entwickelt. Sie ermöglichen verschiedene betriebsspezifische Einflussgrößen zu berücksichtigen. Zunächst sollen die Ergebnisse der Ist-Analyse in den untersuchten Betrieben zusammengefasst dargestellt werden.
description: LANDTECHNIK, Bd. 54 Nr. 4 (1999)
DR-10: Design of magnetization yoke to Reduce the number of Double spoke type pmsm magnetization using i-core
Creators: Do-Hyeon Choi
Dong-Woo Nam
Ye-Seo Lee
Na-Rim Jo and Won-Ho Kim
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2023

Shielding, Levitation and Propulsion
This paper conducted a study on the reduction of the number of split Magnetization and the prevention of irreversible demagnetization using the I-Core of a double spoke type motor. Recently, as interest in spoke-type motors using ferrite permanent magnets has increased, the need for research on magnetization and irreversible demagnetization in double spoke-type rotor shapes has emerged. However, in the existing spoke-type rotor shape, the magnet was deeply embedded in the rotor, making it difficult to magnetization. As it is important to use permanent magnets excluding rare earths in the future, the use of spoke-type motors becomes important, and design to consider magnetization and prevent irreversible demagnetization accordingly is important. Therefore, this paper proposed a magnetization yoke shape design in consideration of magnetization and irreversible demagnetization on using I-Core of Double Spoke type PMSM to solve this problem.
GE-05: Low-temperature antiferromagnetism in quaternary Mn2FeSi0.5Al0.5 alloys
Creators: Ondrej Zivotsky
Lucie Gembalova
Katerina Skotnicova
Ivo Szurman
Tomas Cegan
Jan Jurica
Ondrej Malina and Jakub Cizek
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2023

Half-Metallic Materials, Magnetic Semiconductors and Other Advanced Materials for Spintronics
Manganese-based full- and half-Heusler alloys are often studied because of their interesting antiferromagnetic properties. Currently, the complex physical characterization of ternary Mn2FeSi and Mn2FeAl alloys revealed not only antiferromagnetism at low temperatures, but also complicated microstructure affecting their potential applications in spintronics [1]. Mn2FeSi exhibits crystalline L21 or XA Heusler structure pointing to the half-metallicity behavior, while Mn2FeAl crystallizes in geometrically frustrated cubic β-Mn structure having metallic character of density of electronic states [2]. In this work, the quaternary Mn2FeSi0.5Al0.5 alloys are prepared for the first time in the form of ingots by traditional induction melting technique followed by homogenization annealing for 100 h at 773 K. Their microstructural and magnetic properties are analyzed in detail and compared to the Mn2FeSi and Mn2FeAl alloys. The scanning electron microscopy supplemented by the energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy confirmed uniform distribution of elements and the composition slightly deviated from the nominal one (about 48.5 at.% Mn, 24.6 at.% Fe, 13.9 at.% Si, and 13.0 at.% Al). The results of X-ray diffraction (see Figure 1) revealed the existence of cubic β-Mn structure with the lattice constant 0.6274 nm being slightly lower than that of Mn2FeAl sample (0.6339 nm). The magnetic properties studied in wide temperature range from 5 K to 573 K indicate paramagnetic behaviour at room and elevated temperatures. The transition to antiferromagnetic state occurred at a Néel temperature of 34 K (see Figure 2) and also other magnetic parameters like negative Curie temperature (≈ -700 K) or temperature of irreversibility (≈ 43 K) are comparable to Mn2FeAl ingot. The strong antiferromagnetic spin fluctuation of Mn2FeSi0.5Al0.5 system is caused by the geometric frustration of β-Mn structure (frustration parameter f ≈ 20).References: [1] O. Zivotsky et al., J. Alloys Comp., Vol. 947, p. 169672 (2023) [2] S. Dash et al., J. Magn. Magn. Mater., Vol. 513, p. 167205 (2020)
Constraining the AGN duty cycle in the cool-core cluster MS 0735.6+7421 with LOFAR data
Creators: name: Biava, Nadia
name: Brienza, Marisa
name: Bonafede, Annalisa
name: Gitti, Myriam
name: Bonnassieux, Etienne
name: Harwood, Jeremy
name: Edge, Alastair C.
name: Riseley, Christopher J.
name: Vantyghem, Adrian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: MS 0735.6+7421 is a galaxy cluster which hosts a central radio galaxy with a very steep spectrum, produced by one of the most powerful known jetted active galactic nuclei (AGN). The radio plasma, ejected at nearly light speed from the central AGN, have displaced the intra-cluster medium, leaving two pairs of cavities observable in the X-ray, associated to two different outbursts, and have distributed energy to the surrounding medium. In this work we have performed for the first time a detailed, high-resolution spectral study of the source at radio frequencies and investigated its duty cycle to be compared with previous X-ray estimates. We have used new observations at 144 MHz produced with the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) together with archival data at higher frequencies. At LOFAR frequency, the source presents two large outer radio lobes, wider than at higher frequencies, and a smaller Intermediate lobe located south-west of the core. A new inspection of X-ray data, allowed us to identify an intermediate cavity, associated with that lobe, indicating the presence of a further phase of jet activity. The radio lobes have a steep spectrum even at LOFAR frequencies, reaching $α_{144}^{610}=2.9$ in the outer lobes and $α_{144}^{610}=2.1$ in the Intermediate lobe. Fitting the lobe spectra using a single injection model of particle ageing, we derived a total age of the source between 170 and 106 Myr, in agreement with the buoyancy and sound crossing time-scales derived from X-ray data. We then reconstructed the duty cycle of the source. There were three phases of jet activity, with the AGN being active for most of the time with only brief quiescent phases, ensuring the repeated heating of the central gas. Finally, energetic estimates revealed that a source of additional pressure support must be present to sustain the bubbles against the pressure of the external medium.
description: 18 pages, 12 figures; accepted for publication in A&A
Additional file 3 of Long-term health-related quality of life in patients treated with subcutaneous C1-inhibitor replacement therapy for the prevention of hereditary angioedema attacks: findings from the COMPACT open-label extension study
Creators: name: Lumry, William R.
name: Zuraw, Bruce
name: Cicardi, Marco
name: Craig, Timothy
name: Anderson, John
name: Aleena Banerji
name: Bernstein, Jonathan A.
name: Caballero, Teresa
name: Farkas, Henriette
name: Gower, Richard G.
name: Keith, Paul K.
name: Levy, Donald S.
name: H. Henry Li
name: Magerl, Markus
name: Manning, Michael
name: Riedl, Marc A.
name: John-Philip Lawo
name: Subhransu Prusty
name: Machnig, Thomas
name: Longhurst, Hilary
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3. Mean (SD) HADS scores by study visit, all C1-INH(SC) combined.
Nonlinear force-free coronal magnetic field extrapolation scheme based on the direct boundary integral formulation
Creators: name: He, Han
name: Wang, Huaning
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper has been withdrawn by the authors.
description: This paper has been withdrawn by the authors. This paper has been accepted for publication in JGR-Space Physics. The latest and complete version of the papaer can be downloaded from http://rwcc.bao.ac.cn:8001/swap/NLFFF_DBIE_code/HeHan_NLFFF_JGR.pdf (3.76 MB pdf file)
Additional file 4 of Long-term health-related quality of life in patients treated with subcutaneous C1-inhibitor replacement therapy for the prevention of hereditary angioedema attacks: findings from the COMPACT open-label extension study
Creators: name: Lumry, William R.
name: Zuraw, Bruce
name: Cicardi, Marco
name: Craig, Timothy
name: Anderson, John
name: Aleena Banerji
name: Bernstein, Jonathan A.
name: Caballero, Teresa
name: Farkas, Henriette
name: Gower, Richard G.
name: Keith, Paul K.
name: Levy, Donald S.
name: H. Henry Li
name: Magerl, Markus
name: Manning, Michael
name: Riedl, Marc A.
name: John-Philip Lawo
name: Subhransu Prusty
name: Machnig, Thomas
name: Longhurst, Hilary
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 4. Mean (SD) WPAI scores by study visit, all C1-INH(SC) combined.
LAMN property for hidden processes: the case of integrated diffusions
Creators: name: Gloter, Arnaud
name: Gobet, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60Fxx; 60Hxx; 62Fxx; 62Mxx

description: In this paper we prove the Local Asymptotic Mixed Normality (LAMN) property for the statistical model given by the observation of local means of a diffusion process $X$. Our data are given by $ \int_0^1 X_{\frac{s+i}{n}} \dd μ(s)$ for $i=0,...,n-1$ and the unknown parameter appears in the diffusion coefficient of the process $X$ only. Although the data are nor Markovian neither Gaussian we can write down, with help of Malliavin calculus, an explicit expression for the log-likelihood of the model, and then study the asymptotic expansion. We actually find that the asymptotic information of this model is the same one as for a usual discrete sampling of $X$.
Additional file 5 of Long-term health-related quality of life in patients treated with subcutaneous C1-inhibitor replacement therapy for the prevention of hereditary angioedema attacks: findings from the COMPACT open-label extension study
Creators: name: Lumry, William R.
name: Zuraw, Bruce
name: Cicardi, Marco
name: Craig, Timothy
name: Anderson, John
name: Aleena Banerji
name: Bernstein, Jonathan A.
name: Caballero, Teresa
name: Farkas, Henriette
name: Gower, Richard G.
name: Keith, Paul K.
name: Levy, Donald S.
name: H. Henry Li
name: Magerl, Markus
name: Manning, Michael
name: Riedl, Marc A.
name: John-Philip Lawo
name: Subhransu Prusty
name: Machnig, Thomas
name: Longhurst, Hilary
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 5. Mean (SD) TSQM scores by study visit, all C1-INH(SC) combined.
In Search of an American Working Class: National Fictions in the Making of Western Labor History
Creators: name: Peck, Gunther
Publisher: name: Moving the Social
Year: 2014

description: This is the contribution "In Search of an American Working Class: National Ficitons in the Making of Western Labor History" of MTS 25 (2001).
description: Moving the Social, Vol 25 (2001): Forschungen und Forschungsberichte
СПЕЦИФИКА ОБУЧЕНИЯ РУССКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ КАК ИНОСТРАННОМУ НА РАЗНЫХ УРОВНЯХ
Creators: name: Кузнецова, Мария
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: В представленной статье  рассматриваются особенности обучения русскому языку как иностранному (РКИ) на разных уровнях владения. Анализируются ключевые методические задачи, которые встают перед преподавателем при работе с учащимися разного языкового уровня — от начального до продвинутого. Особое внимание уделяется формированию коммуникативных навыков, выбору лексико-грамматического материала и использованию аутентичных материалов, соответствующих потребностям и интересам каждой категории обучающихся.
Reproducing the Class Struggle : Class, Gender and Social Reproduction in U.S. Labor History
Creators: name: Faue, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: Moving the Social
Year: 2014

description: This is the contribution "Reproducing the Class Struggle : Class, Gender and Social Reproduction in U.S. Labor History" of MTS 25 (2001).
description: Moving the Social, Vol 25 (2001): Forschungen und Forschungsberichte
Stefan Appelius, Heine. Die SPD und der lange Weg zur Macht, Essen 1999, 524 S.
Creators: name: Kruke, Anja
Publisher: name: Moving the Social
Year: 2014

description: Stefan Appelius, Heine. Die SPD und der lange Weg zur Macht, Essen 1999.
description: Moving the Social, Vol 26 (2001): Forschungen und Forschungsberichte
Hole Misalignment and Gain Performance of Gaseous Electron Multipliers
Creators: name: Brücken, Erik
name: Heino, Jouni
name: Hildén, Timo
name: Kalliokoski, Matti
name: Litichevskyi, Vladyslav
name: Turpeinen, Raimo
name: Varga, Dezső
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well known and has been shown that the gain performance of Gaseous Electron Multipliers (GEM) depends on the size of the holes. With an optical scanner it is possible to measure the dimensions of the holes, and to predict the performance of GEMs. However, the gain prediction of GEMs that are manufactured with a double mask etching technique is not straightforward. With the hole size information alone, it is not possible to make precise prediction of the gain. We show that the alignment of the photo-masks between the two sides of the GEM foils plays a crucial role. A misalignment of a few microns can lower the gain substantially. The study is performed by using the Helsinki high definition optical scanner for quality control of GEM foils, and this will show its true potential.
description: 14 pages, 39 figures, submitted to Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A
Über Albert Vögler und sein Verhältnis zur Politik
Creators: name: Rasch, Manfred
Publisher: name: Moving the Social
Year: 2015

description: This is the contribution "Über Albert Vögler und sein Verhältnis zur Politik" of MTS 28 (2003).
description: Moving the Social, Vol 28 (2003): Forschungen und Forschungsberichte
Aufbereitung von Arzneipflanzen mittels Mikrowellenenergie
Creators: name: Von Hörsten, Dieter
name: Kartnig, Theodor
Publisher: name: LANDTECHNIK
Year: 1999

description: Die Behandlung von pflanzlichen Produkten mit Mikrowellen ist seit Jahrzehnten bekannt. Auch im Bereich der Aufbereitung von Arznei- und Gewürzpflanzen bieten sich für diese Technologie interessante Ansatzpunkte, die bisher nur wenig erforscht worden sind. Im Vordergrund stehen hierbei die Trocknung und Entkeimung dieser hochwertigen Produkte. Aber auch weitere Einsatzgebiete, wie beispielsweise die Abtötung von Schädlingen, eine gezielte Vorbehandlung für die Weiterverarbeitung oder die Herstellung komplett neuartiger Produkte, sind denkbar.
description: LANDTECHNIK, Bd. 54 Nr. 4 (1999)
VP1-07: Magnetic texture-based design of artificial neurons and synapses
Creators: Debasis Das
Yunuo Cen
Jianze Wang
and Xuanyao Fong
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2023

Domain Wall, Vortex, and Skyrmion Dynamics and Devices II
The non-volatile nature and energy efficiency of the spintronics devices make them a suitable candidate for futuristic computing devices. Inspired by the efficiency of the biological brain, researchers are motivated to develop energy-efficient hardware by mimicking the biological neuronal functionality. Magnetic domain wall (DW) and skyrmion devices are two promising candidates for such neuro-inspired computing devices for their non-volatile nature and energy efficiency. Compared to the DW, skyrmions are smaller in size and have lower depinning current density. The skyrmion has an ultra-small-scale size with lower depinning current density than the DW, and it suffers from unwanted Magnus force which forces the skyrmion to move along a curved trajectory. This force becomes dominant for the higher current density which leads to the failure of the device. However, the micromagnetic simulation shows that the Magnus force can be completely nullified in a synthetic antiferromagnetically (SAF) coupled bilayer system. In this work, using micromagnetic simulation, we compare the DW and skyrmion-based neuron and synaptic devices. We demonstrate the leaky-integrate-and-fire (LIF) functionality for both the DW and skyrmion-based neuron devices. The membrane potential in the neuron is represented by the position of the DW/skyrmion in the devices. The leak functionality is achieved by incorporating an uniaxial anisotropy gradient in the devices. In the presence (absence) of an incoming spike the DW/skyrmion moves along the forward (backward) direction of the length of the device. Our simulations show that a similar device without the anisotropy gradient can be used as a synapse for the DW-based devices, however, a longer device is needed for the skyrmion-based synapse device. Both DW and skyrmion-based synapse device shows highly linear and symmetric weight update characteristics which is an essential criterion for an ideal synapse. Here, we compare the energy requirements of the DW and skyrmionic devices to perform the neuronal and synaptic functionality. We also perform a system-level simulation on a spiking neural network (SNN) using our proposed neuron and synapse devices.
Supplementary PRISMA files - Neuro Part2
Creators: name: Windsor, Catriona
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Supplementary files for: Neurostimulation in people with oropharyngeal dysphagia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Part II: brain neurostimulation. PRISMA 2020 checklists - abstract and full.
Alternative Approaches to the Equilibrium Properties of Hard-Sphere Liquids
Creators: name: de Haro, M. Lopez
name: Yuste, S. B.
name: Santos, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An overview of some analytical approaches to the computation of the structural and thermodynamic properties of single component and multicomponent hard-sphere fluids is provided. For the structural properties, they yield a thermodynamically consistent formulation, thus improving and extending the known analytical results of the Percus-Yevick theory. Approximate expressions for the contact values of the radial distribution functions and the corresponding analytical equations of state are also discussed. Extensions of this methodology to related systems, such as sticky hard spheres and square-well fluids, as well as its use in connection with the perturbation theory of fluids are briefly addressed.
description: 64 pages; 13 figures; to appear in "Playing with Marbles: Theory and Simulation of Hard-Sphere Fluids and Related Systems", edited by A. Mulero (Springer, to be published)
A self-consistent model of the plasma staircase and nonlinear Schrödinger equation with subquadratic power nonlinearity
Creators: name: Milovanov, Alexander V.
name: Rasmussen, Jens Juul
name: Dif-Pradalier, Guilhem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new basis has been found for the theory of self-organization of transport avalanches and jet zonal flows in L-mode tokamak plasma, the so-called "plasma staircase." The jet zonal flows are considered as a wave packet of coupled nonlinear oscillators characterized by a complex time- and wave-number dependent wave function; in a mean-field approximation this function is argued to obey a discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation with subquadratic power nonlinearity. It is shown that the subquadratic power leads directly to a white Lévy noise, and to a Lévy-fractional Fokker-Planck equation for radial transport of test particles (via wave-particle interactions). In a self-consistent description the avalanches, which are driven by the white Lévy noise, interact with the jet zonal flows, which form a system of semi-permeable barriers to radial transport. We argue that the plasma staircase saturates at a state of marginal stability, in whose vicinity the avalanches undergo an ever-pursuing localization-delocalization transition. At the transition point, the event-size distribution of the avalanches is found to be a power-law $w_τ(Δn) \sim Δn^{-τ}$, with the drop-off exponent $τ= ({\sqrt{17}} + 1)/{2} \simeq 2.56$. This value is an exact result of the self-consistent model. The edge behavior bears signatures enabling to associate it with the dynamics of a self-organized critical (SOC) state. At the same time the critical exponents, pertaining to this state, are found to be inconsistent with classic models of avalanche transport based on sand-piles and their generalizations, suggesting that the coupled avalanche-jet zonal flow system operates on different organizing principles. The results obtained have been validated in a numerical simulation of the plasma staircase using flux-driven gyrokinetic code for L-mode Tore-Supra plasma.
description: 24 two-column pages, 6 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in Physical Review E
Gesundheitspolitik und "Arbeitseinsatz" im Ruhrbergbau während des Zweiten Weltkrieges
Creators: name: Seidel, Hans-Christoph
Publisher: name: Moving the Social
Year: 2015

description: This is the contribution "Gesundheitspolitik und 'Arbeitseinsatz' im Ruhrbergbau während des Zweiten Weltkrieges" of MTS 28 (2003).
description: Moving the Social, Vol 28 (2003): Forschungen und Forschungsberichte
CE-02: Field-free spin-orbit torque switching in synthetic antiferromagnetic system using interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction
Creators: Y. Saito
S. Ikeda
N. Tezuka
H. Inoue and T. Endoh
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2023

Spin Orbitronics II
Charge-to-spin conversion via spin Hall effect has the potential to achieve efficient manipulation of magnetization by electrical current. However, there are two major challenges in realizing high-performance spin-orbit-torque (SOT) devices. First is that perpendicular magnetization is difficult to achieve SOT switching without an external magnetic field. Second is the need for heavy metal electrodes with both large damping-like SOT efficiency (ξDL) and low resistivity. Many methods have been proposed for observing the field-free switching and advance partially for SOT-based systems toward real applications. However, any new approaches utilizable toward real applications for simultaneous achieving of field-free switching and high SOT efficiency are still highly demanded and worthy of deep and systematic investigations. In this work, an interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction is introduced into perpendicularly magnetized synthetic antiferromagnetic (AF) system [1-4] by changing the type of capping or underlayer in the [capping layer]/Co/Pt/Ir/Pt/Co/[underlayer] structures (Figs. 1(a) and 1(b)). The anomalous Hall effect and current-induced magnetization switching were measured by the 4-point probe method in a Hall cross (Fig. 1(c)) at room temperature. As shown in Figs. 2(a)–2(d), field-free switching in synthetic AF system is observed in the cases of W, Ta, Ir22Mn78 capping layers or Ir22Mn78 underlayer. Among the synthetic AF system with field-free switching, the Ir22Mn78 capping layer case shows the largest ξDL = 28.1%. We also found that the observed large ξDL is related to the enhancement of spin absorption in antiferromagnetic Co magnetization configuration in synthetic AF system compared to that in ferromagnetic Co magnetization configuration. In this presentation, we will discuss the possible mechanism for observed field-free switching and the design of the synthetic AF structures for future nonvolatile high-speed memories and logic circuits. This work was supported by the CIES Consortium, Spin-RNJ, RIEC, X-NICS (No. JPJ011438), and JSPS KAKENHI JP21K18189.References: [1] Y. Saito, N. Tezuka, S. Ikeda, and T. Endoh, Phys. Rev. B 104, 064439 (2021). [2] Y. Saito, S. Ikeda, and T. Endoh, Appl. Phys. Lett. 119, 142401 (2021). [3] Y. Saito, S. Ikeda, and T. Endoh, Phys. Rev. B 105, 054421 (2022). [4] Y. Saito, S. Ikeda, and T. Endoh, Appl. Phys. Exp. 16, 013002 (2023).
Energy Efficiency Optimization for Multi-cell Massive MIMO: Centralized and Distributed Power Allocation Algorithms
Creators: name: You, Li
name: Huang, Yufei
name: Zhang, Di
name: Chang, Zheng
name: Wang, Wenjin
name: Gao, Xiqi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper investigates the energy efficiency (EE) optimization in downlink multi-cell massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO). In our research, the statistical channel state information (CSI) is exploited to reduce the signaling overhead. To maximize the minimum EE among the neighbouring cells, we design the transmit covariance matrices for each base station (BS). Specifically, optimization schemes for this max-min EE problem are developed, in the centralized and distributed ways, respectively. To obtain the transmit covariance matrices, we first find out the closed-form optimal transmit eigenmatrices for the BS in each cell, and convert the original transmit covariance matrices designing problem into a power allocation one. Then, to lower the computational complexity, we utilize an asymptotic approximation expression for the problem objective. Moreover, for the power allocation design, we adopt the minorization maximization method to address the non-convexity of the ergodic rate, and use Dinkelbach's transform to convert the max-min fractional problem into a series of convex optimization subproblems. To tackle the transformed subproblems, we propose a centralized iterative water-filling scheme. For reducing the backhaul burden, we further develop a distributed algorithm for the power allocation problem, which requires limited inter-cell information sharing. Finally, the performance of the proposed algorithms are demonstrated by extensive numerical results.
description: to appear in IEEE Transactions on Communications
Respiration induced oxygen gradients in cultured mammalian cells
Creators: name: Fengler, John Josef Paul
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Oxygen is known to sensitize X-irradiated cells to lethal radiation damage. At low ambient oxygen tensions, however, the molecular mechanisms of the sensitization process and the metabolic requirements of the cell may be forced to compete for the cellular oxygen supply. The effect of cell respiration on the availability of intracellular oxygen during irradiation was consequently investigated by comparing the radiosensitivities of respiring and non-respiring cells. Cultured mammalian cells were irradiated in single cell suspensions and thin film monolayers at respiration inhibiting (4°C) and at normal cell culturing (37°C) temperatures. Due to oxygen equilibration and radiolytic depletion problems, the results of the suspension culture experiments were inconclusive. By subsequently analyzing the diffusive mass transfer of oxygen in the suspension medium, the stirrer flask was determined to be an inappropriate culture vessel in which to irradiate cells at constant low oxygen concentrations. A thin film cell culture system in which the oxygen concentrations to which the cells were exposed during irradiation could be more accurately controlled was then developed. A comparison of the oxygen enhanced radiosensitivities of the respiring and non-respiring cells in thin film monolayers suggested that the metabolic depletion of oxygen at low oxygen tensions has a significant effect on the local and intracellular oxygen distribution. These effects are representative of those that would be produced if respiration induced oxygen gradients existed inside and immediately around respiring cells. The magnitude of the differential radiosensitivities was found to be dependent on cell shape and to have values that agreed very well with theoretical predictions based on the existence of such gradients.
Automatic audiovisual synchronisation for ultrasound tongue imaging
Creators: name: Eshky, Aciel
name: Cleland, Joanne
name: Ribeiro, Manuel Sam
name: Sugden, Eleanor
name: Richmond, Korin
name: Renals, Steve
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Ultrasound tongue imaging is used to visualise the intra-oral articulators during speech production. It is utilised in a range of applications, including speech and language therapy and phonetics research. Ultrasound and speech audio are recorded simultaneously, and in order to correctly use this data, the two modalities should be correctly synchronised. Synchronisation is achieved using specialised hardware at recording time, but this approach can fail in practice resulting in data of limited usability. In this paper, we address the problem of automatically synchronising ultrasound and audio after data collection. We first investigate the tolerance of expert ultrasound users to synchronisation errors in order to find the thresholds for error detection. We use these thresholds to define accuracy scoring boundaries for evaluating our system. We then describe our approach for automatic synchronisation, which is driven by a self-supervised neural network, exploiting the correlation between the two signals to synchronise them. We train our model on data from multiple domains with different speaker characteristics, different equipment, and different recording environments, and achieve an accuracy >92.4% on held-out in-domain data. Finally, we introduce a novel resource, the Cleft dataset, which we gathered with a new clinical subgroup and for which hardware synchronisation proved unreliable. We apply our model to this out-of-domain data, and evaluate its performance subjectively with expert users. Results show that users prefer our model's output over the original hardware output 79.3% of the time. Our results demonstrate the strength of our approach and its ability to generalise to data from new domains.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures. Manuscript accepted at Speech Communication
Yang-Mills Connections On Orientable and Nonorientable Surfaces
Creators: name: Ho, Nan-Kuo
name: Liu, Chiu-Chu Melissa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C07; 14D20

description: In math.SG/0605587, we studied Yang-Mills functional on the space of connections on a principal G_R-bundle over a closed, connected, nonorientable surface, where G_R is any compact connected Lie group. In this sequel, we generalize the discussion in "The Yang-Mills equations over Riemann surfaces" by Atiyah and Bott, and math.SG/0605587. We obtain explicit descriptions (as representation varieties) of Morse strata of Yang-Mills functional on orientable and nonorientable surfaces for non-unitary classical groups SO(n) and Sp(n). It turns out to be quite different from the unitary case. we use Laumon and Rapoport's method in "The Langlands lemma and the Betti numbers of stacks of G-bundles on a curve" to invert the Atiyah-Bott recursion relation, and write down explicit formulas of rational equivariant Poincaré series of the semistable stratum of the space of holomorphic structures on a principal $SO(n,\bC)$-bundle or a principal $Sp(n,\bC)$-bundle.
description: 86 pages
DR-14: A Study on Eddy Current Loss Reduction in Single Phase Claw-Pole Motor
Creators: Na-Rim Jo
Ye-Seo Lee
Hyun-Jo Pyo
Dong-Hoon Jung and Won-Ho Kim
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2023

Shielding, Levitation and Propulsion
Single-phase Claw-Pole motors can be largely divided into stator types and rotor types depending on their structure. In the case of the rotor type, the winding or permanent magnet is wrapped around the rotor, which is disadvantageous for maintenance, repair, and cost reduction due to additional factors such as brushes and slip rings. In the case of the stator-type Claw-Pole, the ring winding is wrapped in the shape of a stator Claw-Pole in a permanent magnet-type rotor, making it easy to manufacture winding and molds, but the eddy current loss is very large due to the non-stacked steel plate structure using SMC by the stator. The driving principle of the stator type is that the polarity of the up and down Claw is determined by the armature winding magnetic force and the current direction, and a magnetic torque between the magnetic pole formed on the Claw and the permanent magnet generates a rotating force in one direction. Applying the slit structure to the stator core can have the same effect as stacking of existing motors. Air insulation due to the slit structure creates induced electromotive force, which is a source of eddy current, and reduces eddy current loss by increasing electrical resistance compared to the same area. Therefore, the slit structure was applied and analyzed according to the location as shown in Figure 1 to the Claw and stator back yoke parts with relatively many changes in magnetic flux, relatively small magnetic resistance, and the Slit 1 model and Slit 3 model were combined to reduce eddy current. As shown in Figure 2, the Slit 1 model has a 17.4% decrease in Claw and current losses compared to the existing model, the Slit 2 and Slit 3 models have a 8.77% decrease in stator and current losses, respectively. In addition, Claw-Pole motors increase torque and efficiency by reducing eddy current loss because performance degradation caused by eddy current loss occurs relatively more than conventional motors. Depending on the slit position of the proposed model, the torque compared to the existing model increased by 1.3%, 17.2%, 3.2%, and 2.5%, respectively.References: [1] Dae-Sung Jung.(2014).The Study on the design of Claw Pole Stepping Motor considering Axial flux.Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers,28(9),28-34. [2] H. -J. Pyo, J. W. Jeong, J. Yu, D. -W. Nam, S. -H. Yang and W. -H. Kim, "Eddy Current Loss Reduction in 3D-Printed Axial Flux Motor Using 3D-Printed SMC Core," 2020 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), Detroit, MI, USA, 2020, pp. 1121-1125, doi: 10.1109/ECCE44975.2020.9235442. [3] Lim Seung-bin, "Magnetic Equivalent Circuit Method and Three-Dimensional Yuhan-Yo""Effective Shape Optimization of Crow-Fall Motor Using Small Method," Degree Paper (Doctor), Graduate School of Hanyang University, Seoul, 2007
Complexities of Human Promoter Sequences
Creators: name: Zhao, Fangcui
name: Yang, Huijie
name: Wang, Binghong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Other Quantitative Biology (q-bio.OT)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: By means of the diffusion entropy approach, we detect the scale-invariance characteristics embedded in the 4737 human promoter sequences. The exponent for the scale-invariance is in a wide range of $[ {0.3,0.9} ]$, which centered at $δ_c = 0.66$. The distribution of the exponent can be separated into left and right branches with respect to the maximum. The left and right branches are asymmetric and can be fitted exactly with Gaussian form with different widths, respectively.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, To appear in Journal of Theoretical Biology
Evidence for an excitonic insulator phase in 1T-TiSe$_{2}$
Creators: name: Cercellier, H.
name: Monney, C.
name: Clerc, F.
name: Battaglia, C.
name: Despont, L.
name: Garnier, M. G.
name: Beck, H.
name: Patthey, L.
name: Berger, H.
name: Aebi, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission study of 1\textit{T}-TiSe$_{2}$ in both, its room-temperature, normal phase and its low-temperature, charge-density wave phase. At low temperature the photoemission spectra are strongly modified, with large band renormalisations at high-symmetry points of the Brillouin zone and a very large transfer of spectral weight to backfolded bands. A theoretical calculation of the spectral function for an excitonic insulator phase reproduces the experimental features with very good agreement. This gives strong evidence in favour of the excitonic insulator scenario as a driving force for the charge-density wave transition in 1\textit{T}-TiSe$_{2}$.
description: Submitted to PRL
Subsentence Extraction from Text Using Coverage-Based Deep Learning Language Models
Creators: name: Lim, JongYoon
name: Sa, Inkyu
name: Ahn, Ho Seok
name: Gasteiger, Norina
name: Lee, Sanghyub John
name: MacDonald, Bruce
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Sentiment prediction remains a challenging and unresolved task in various research fields, including psychology, neuroscience, and computer science. This stems from its high degree of subjectivity and limited input sources that can effectively capture the actual sentiment. This can be even more challenging with only text-based input. Meanwhile, the rise of deep learning and an unprecedented large volume of data have paved the way for artificial intelligence to perform impressively accurate predictions or even human-level reasoning. Drawing inspiration from this, we propose a coverage-based sentiment and subsentence extraction system that estimates a span of input text and recursively feeds this information back to the networks. The predicted subsentence consists of auxiliary information expressing a sentiment. This is an important building block for enabling vivid and epic sentiment delivery (within the scope of this paper) and for other natural language processing tasks such as text summarisation and Q&A. Our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches by a large margin in subsentence prediction (i.e., Average Jaccard scores from 0.72 to 0.89). For the evaluation, we designed rigorous experiments consisting of 24 ablation studies. Finally, our learned lessons are returned to the community by sharing software packages and a public dataset that can reproduce the results presented in this paper.
description: 27 pages, 16 figures