cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Low-energy constants and condensates from ALEPH hadronic $τ$ decay data
Creators: name: Boito, Diogo
name: Francis, Anthony
name: Golterman, Maarten
name: Hudspith, Renwick
name: Lewis, Randy
name: Maltman, Kim
name: Peris, Santiago
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine the NLO chiral low-energy constant $L_{10}^r$, and combinations $C_{12}^r\pm C_{61}^r+C_{80}^r$, $C_{13}^r-C_{62}^r+C_{81}^r$, $C_{61}^r$, and $C_{87}^r$, of the NNLO chiral low-energy constants incorporating recently revised ALEPH results for the non-strange vector ($V$) and axial-vector ($A$) hadronic $τ$ decay distributions and recently updated RBC/UKQCD lattice data for the non-strange $V-A$ two-point function. In the $\bar{\rm MS}$ scheme, at renormalization scale $μ=770\ {MeV}$, we find $L_{10}^r=-0.00350(17)$, $C_{12}^r+C_{61}^r+C_{80}^r=0.00237(16)\ {GeV}^{-2}$, $C_{12}^r-C_{61}^r+C_{80}^r=-0.00056(15)\ {GeV}^{-2}$, $C_{13}^r-C_{62}^r+C_{81}^r=0.00046(9)\ {GeV}^{-2}$, $C_{61}^r=0.00146(15)\ {GeV}^{-2}$, and $C_{87}^r=0.00510(22)\ {GeV}^{-2}$. With errors here at or below the level expected for contributions of yet higher order in the chiral expansion, the analysis exhausts the possibilities of what can be meaningfully achieved in an NNLO analysis. We also consider the dimension six and dimension eight coefficients in the operator product expansion in the $V-A$ channel.
description: 16 pages, revtex
(2713) Charles Reginald Arundel
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Map of the bioregions and supplementary result figures. from Evolutionary time drives global tetrapod diversity.
Creators: name: Marin, Julie
name: Rapacciuolo, Giovanni
name: Costa, Gabriel C.
name: Graham, Catherine H.
name: Brooks, Thomas M.
name: Young, Bruce E.
name: Radeloff, Volker C.
name: Behm, Jocelyn E.
name: Helmus, Matthew R.
name: S. Blair Hedges
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Map of the bioregions, path models, and distribution of the correlation coefficients (betwwen maximum clade age and richness).
Self-supervised Scene Text Segmentation with Object-centric Layered Representations Augmented by Text Regions
Creators: name: Wang, Yibo
name: Ye, Yunhu
name: Mao, Yuanpeng
name: Yu, Yanwei
name: Song, Yuanping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Text segmentation tasks have a very wide range of application values, such as image editing, style transfer, watermark removal, etc.However, existing public datasets are of poor quality of pixel-level labels that have been shown to be notoriously costly to acquire, both in terms of money and time. At the same time, when pretraining is performed on synthetic datasets, the data distribution of the synthetic datasets is far from the data distribution in the real scene. These all pose a huge challenge to the current pixel-level text segmentation algorithms.To alleviate the above problems, we propose a self-supervised scene text segmentation algorithm with layered decoupling of representations derived from the object-centric manner to segment images into texts and background. In our method, we propose two novel designs which include Region Query Module and Representation Consistency Constraints adapting to the unique properties of text as complements to Auto Encoder, which improves the network's sensitivity to texts.For this unique design, we treat the polygon-level masks predicted by the text localization model as extra input information, and neither utilize any pixel-level mask annotations for training stage nor pretrain on synthetic datasets.Extensive experiments show the effectiveness of the method proposed. On several public scene text datasets, our method outperforms the state-of-the-art unsupervised segmentation algorithms.
(2707) Margaret Cowan [Wicksteed]
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Efficient Conflict-Free Taxi Trajectories Using Genetic Algorithms
Creators: name: Tyburzy, Lukas
name: Stasicka, Izabela
name: Mühlhausen, Thorsten
name: Temme, Marco
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: GreAT
green aviation
H2020 Transport
climate change
CINEA
air traffic operations
ATM

description: Presentation at the 12th EASN International Conference on "Innovation in Aviation & Space for opening New Horizons", Barcelona, Spain, 18-21/10/22, http://easnconference.eu/
title: Les conceptions d'enseignants du deuxième cycle primaire sur la pensée créative en mathématiques
title: Les conceptions d'enseignants du deuxième cycle primaire sur la pensée créative en mathématiques
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Kaser, Ariane
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: subject: conceptions d’enseignants
subject: cycle primaire
subject: pensée mathématique
subject: pensée créative
subject: capacité transversale
subject: créativité mathématique

description: Le mémoire porte sur les conceptions de 10 enseignants du deuxième cycle primaire sur la pensée créative en mathématiques. Dans ce mémoire, la créativité mathématique à l’école est définie selon une approche cognitive (Haylock, 1987, 1997). Je pars du constat que les études sur les conceptions d’enseignants du deuxième cycle primaire sur la créativité mathématique (Bolden et al., 2010 ; Kattou et al., 2009) ne permettent pas de connaitre leurs conceptions sur ce que constitue la pensée créative en mathématiques. Le but de ce mémoire vise donc à décrire comment les enseignants décrivent le processus de pensée créatif d’un élève qui résout un problème mathématique. La question de recherche est : « Quelles sont les conceptions des enseignants du deuxième cycle primaire sur la créativité mathématique, particulièrement sur la pensée créative des élèves en mathématiques ? ». Les participants sont interrogés via un questionnaire en ligne. Ce questionnaire comporte trois parties. La première comporte des questions fermées sur le rapport aux mathématiques, la seconde comporte des questions fermées sur le développement des capacités transversales en mathématiques et la dernière comporte trois questions ouvertes sur la créativité mathématique. Dans la dernière section, il est demandé de définir la Pensée créatrice (CIIP, 2010, 2016) en général, de se positionner sur le développement de la Pensée créatrice en mathématiques par rapport aux arts et de décrire le processus de pensée créatif d’un élève qui résout un problème mathématique. Leurs conceptions sur le processus de pensée créatif d’un élève sont comparées aux définitions des composantes de la pensée créative en mathématiques (Roy et Schubnel, 2017). Les résultats montrent que les enseignants décrivent le processus de pensée créatif d’un élève qui résout un problème mathématique comme relevant soit de la flexibilité, soit de l’imagination, deux des composantes de la pensée divergente.
Meromorphic functions with three radially distributed values
Creators: name: Bergweiler, Walter
name: Eremenko, Alexandre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 30D30 (Primary) 30D35, 30D45 (Secondary)

description: We consider transcendental meromorphic functions for which the zeros, 1-points and poles are distributed on three distinct rays. We show that such functions exist if and only if the rays are equally spaced. We also obtain a normal family analogue of this result.
description: 31 pages; minor revision of v2
Estimation of the evolutionary, ecological, and climatic stability variables. from Evolutionary time drives global tetrapod diversity
Creators: name: Marin, Julie
name: Rapacciuolo, Giovanni
name: Costa, Gabriel C.
name: Graham, Catherine H.
name: Brooks, Thomas M.
name: Young, Bruce E.
name: Radeloff, Volker C.
name: Behm, Jocelyn E.
name: Helmus, Matthew R.
name: S. Blair Hedges
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Distribution data, phylogenetic data, and estimation of the evolutionary (time, rate, and dispersal), ecological (productivity and temperature), and climatic stability predictors.
Time-Symmetric Rolling Tachyon Profile
Creators: name: Longton, Matheson
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the tachyon profile of a time-symmetric rolling tachyon solution to open string field theory. We algebraically construct the solution of [arXiv:0707.4472] at 6th order in the marginal parameter, and numerically evaluate the corresponding tachyon profile as well as the action and several correlation functions containing the equation of motion. We find that the marginal operator's singular self-OPE is properly regularized and all quantities we examine are finite. In contrast to the widely studied time-asymmetric case, the solution depends nontrivially on the strength of the deformation parameter. For example, we find that the number and period of oscillations of the tachyon field changes as the strength of the marginal deformation is increased. We use the recent renormalization scheme of [arXiv:1412.3466], which contains two free parameters. At finite deformation parameter the tachyon profile depends on these parameters, while when the deformation parameter is small, the solution becomes insensitive to them and behaves like previously studied time-asymmetric rolling tachyon solutions. We also show that convergence of perturbation series is not as straightforward as in the time-asymmetric case with regular OPE, and find evidence that it may depend on the renormalization constants.
description: 27 pages, 8 figures; reference added, extended discussion of numerical integration
Variability in nitrogen and phosphorus limitation for Baltic Sea phytoplankton during nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterial blooms
Creators: name: Kuparinen, J.
name: Paerl, H. W.
name: Steppe, T. F.
name: Hall, N. S.
name: Moisander, P. H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2003

description: Baltic Sea phytoplankton responses during N-2-fixing cyanobacterial blooms, dominated by Nodularia spp., Aphanizomenon sp., and Anabaena spp., were studied using nutrient enrichment experiments. Nitrogen fixation, phytoplankton growth, primary productivity, and phytoplankton species' responses were investigated in areas representing open Baltic Sea water and Gulf of Finland water. Responses to additions of N, P, Fe, and the organic chelator EDTA were studied. Phytoplankton biomass and primary productivity were N, P, or N + P-limited. Phosphorus limitation was more prominent at the Gulf of Finland sites, where the dissolved inorganic-nitrogen to phosphorus (DIN:DIP) ratio was > 16:1 during the study period. At the open sea sites, with DIN:DIP ratio < 16: 1, N limitation or N + P co-limitation prevailed. Phosphorus consistently stimulated N-2 fixation, and at times N-2 fixation and total N had a linear relationship with the initial PO43- concentration added. At other times, the relationship was not clear, suggesting other limitations or controls for N-2 fixation. Occasionally, EDTA increased N-2 fixation, but Fe addition did not show a significant impact on phytoplankton biomass, productivity, or N-2 fixation. The chlorophyte Monoraphidium sp., diatom Nitzschia spp., and small flagellates (7.5 to 10 mum) were among the species that exhibited the fastest growth responses under replenishment of the limiting nutrient. The results suggest that high N availability, in relation to P, in the coastal areas in the Gulf of Finland acts to reduce the relative abundance of N-2-fixing organisms. Phosphorus inputs into the upper-mixed layer in the open sea during bloom periods stimulate N-2 fixation, and act to maintain the cyanobacterial blooms.
Variation in marine benthic community composition allows discrimination of multiple stressors
Creators: name: Kim, Stacy L.
name: Conlan, Kathleen E.
name: Oliver, John S.
name: Fairey, Russell
name: Peterson, Charles H.
name: Lenihan, Hunter S.
name: McDonald, Christian
name: Grabowski, Jonathan H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2003

description: Predicting how communities respond to multiple, potentially interacting chemical stressors is inherently difficult because community structure and dynamics, the chemical properties of contaminants, and biological-chemical interactions vary with environmental conditions. Using a field experiment conducted in Antarctica, we tested whether 3 phyla of benthic soft-sediment marine invertebrates-annelids, arthropods, and echinoderms-respond differently to 2 common forms of contamination, organic enrichment and toxic contamination. Based on life history strategies and physiological tolerances to contaminants, we hypothesized that the principal responses of the 3 phyla would be: (1) enhanced abundance of annelids in organically enrichment sediments and (2) decreased abundance of arthropods and echinoderms in toxic metal contamination. Sediment treatments were established in the field experiment with an orthogonal combination of 3 levels of total organic carbon (TOC; 0, 1, and 2% by weight) and copper (Cu; 0, 100, and 500 mug Cu g(-1) sediment), and colonization patterns were observed after 1 yr. Densities of annelids (mainly polychaetes) increased with TOC across all levels of Cu. Arthropods and echinoderms decreased with Cu, but responded variably to TOC, based largely on differences in habitat preferences exhibited by epifaunal and infaunal species. Small subsurface arthropod species (amphipods, isopods, cumaceans, and ostracods) decreased in high organic loading, due to induction of and exposure to hypoxia and hydrogen sulfide, but large surface deposit-feeding echinoderms (asteroids and echinoids) responded positively to increased carbon food supply. We present a predictive model based on assessment of benthic community structure conducted at the taxonomic level of phyla that could be used to link cause and effect for multiple chemical stressors in marine ecosystems.
Attenuation of water flow inside seagrass canopies of differing structure
Creators: name: Skilleter, Gregory A.
name: Luettich Jr., Richard A.
name: Peterson, Charles H.
name: Micheli, Fiorenza
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: An understanding of how habitat structure influences physical environmental processes that are important to organisms utilizing the habitat is a necessary basis for predicting biological responses to habitat variation. Seagrass meadows represent an important coastal nursery habitat that modifies the local flow environment. We used basic fluid-dynamic balances to construct a simple model of the effects of seagrass habitat structure on mean flow within and above the canopy, and tested quantitative predictions of the model against published flume observations and our own field measurements. In the field, flow reduction was detected in 10 of 13 cases inside the canopies of 5 seagrass beds varying in vegetation density (11 to 52 m(2) m(-3)) and upstream flow (5 to 14 cm s(-1)). The field data demonstrated greater flow reductions inside the canopy with increasing vegetation density. Flume data further confirmed a quantitative prediction of our model that the vertically integrated flow velocity inside the canopy would vary inversely with the square root of vegetation density. The model also predicted that the width of the 'seagrass-edge zone', in which flow decelerates, is a declining function of vegetation density, indicating that 'edge effects' (and by inference variation among patches of differing sizes) change predictably with seagrass bed structure. Empirical observations and simplified theory relating mean flow reduction to seagrass vegetation density can now be used to generate predictions of dependent biological responses such as variation in gamete fertilization, larval and spore settlement, and growth rates of organisms responsive to fluxes.
title: La collaboration école-famille : L'implication des parents d'élèves du canton de Vaud dans la vie scolaire.
title: La collaboration école-famille : L'implication des parents d'élèves du canton de Vaud dans la vie scolaire.
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Corboud, Pauline
name: Hirsbrunner, Jade
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: subject: Collaboration
subject: implication
subject: freins
subject: pistes
subject: école primaire
subject: parents

description: Issu d’une étude qualitative au sein du milieu scolaire vaudois, cette recherche a pour visée de comprendre les points de vue des parents sur la collaboration, plus précisément sur les freins et les facteurs qui favorisent, ou non, leur implication dans la scolarité de leur enfant. Afin de récolter des données sur les différents aspects qui influencent l’implication des parents, nous avons décidé de nous focaliser sur une population cible qui est celle de familles d’élèves issus de deux classes du canton de Vaud. Par collaboration nous entendons celle qui s’entretient entre les parents d’élèves et l’école, autrement dit, les enseignant-e-s et les autres acteurs gravitant dans le bâtiment scolaire. Cette dernière, bien qu’elle soit difficile à définir, résulte de différents degrés. En effet, elle peut aller d’un partage d’informations régulier entre les pairs à une fusion et cogestion entre les intervenants. Ce qui veut dire que les deux partis fonctionnent comme une équipe et la confiance est de mise. Concernant l’implication, cette dernière passe par la motivation des parents à participer dans la scolarité de leur enfant. Effectivement, il est important que ces derniers aient une compréhension de leur rôle ainsi que de celui de l’enseignant-e. D’autres aspects influencent également cette implication comme les représentations qu’ont les parents de l’école. Les résultats de cette recherche nous ont permis de soulever des freins que les parents rencontrent comme par exemple le manque de temps ou encore l’accès aux savoirs enseignés. Également, nous avons pu récolter des pistes concrètes afin de mieux appréhender la collaboration lors de notre future carrière. Ce travail met en évidence les différents niveaux de collaboration illustrés par les réponses des parents qui ne ressentent pas les mêmes besoins d’échanges avec l’école, autrement dit, les mêmes degrés d’implication et de collaboration.
(2705) Alexander Wicksteed
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
The mid-infrared variability of the SDSS optical quasars
Creators: name: Wang, Hongtao
name: Shi, Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the Seventh Data Release (DR7) quasar catalog from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, we investigate the variability of optical quasars in W1, W2, W3 and W4 bands of the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) and the Near-Earth Object Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (NEOWISE). Adopting the structure function method, we calculate the structure function ($\rmδt$=1 yr) which shows no obvious correlations with the bolometric luminosity, the black hole mass and the Eddington ratio. The ensemble structure functions in W1 and W2 bands show that the SF slopes are steeper than those in previous studies which may be caused by different cadence and observational epoch number. We further investigate the relation of variability amplitude $σ_m$ between mid-infrared band and optical band, but no obvious correlation is found. No correlation is found between W1-W2 and g-r color. We think the mid-infrared emission of quasars may be smoothed out by the extended dust distribution, thus leading to no obvious correlation. For the radio-loud quasar sub-sample, we further analyze the relation between the variability amplitude in the mid-infrared band and the radio luminosity at 6 cm, but no obvious correlations are found, which indicate the mid-infrared emission contributed from the synchrotron radiation of the relativistic jet is very weak.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures, published in RAA
Empathy in Exile: Edna O’Brien, Donal Ryan and the Contemporary Irish Novel
Creators: name: Thurlow, Kaitlin
Publisher: name: Studi irlandesi. A Journal of Irish Studies
Year: 2020

description: This paper explores how empathy and exile are represented as narrative strategies in Edna O’Brien’s The Little Red Chairs and Donal Ryan’s From a Low and Quiet Sea. I argue that post-Celtic Tiger economy novels of the recent past are turning to a more global, universal and empathic Irishness in order to shed light on the problems of nationhood, gender and identity. Both authors use poetic forms of literary mythmaking, fairy tale or fable to imagine future possibilities, they employ free indirect style to inhabit a character’s inner state of mind and use collective witness testimonials and self-reflection in order to engage with the present. This study links research on narrative empathy with spatial, post-colonial and feminist theory to propose innovations in contemporary Irish fiction.
description: Studi irlandesi. A Journal of Irish Studies, Vol. 10 No. 10 (2020): "Minorities in/and Ireland"
Map of the bioregions and supplementary result figures. from Evolutionary time drives global tetrapod diversity
Creators: name: Marin, Julie
name: Rapacciuolo, Giovanni
name: Costa, Gabriel C.
name: Graham, Catherine H.
name: Brooks, Thomas M.
name: Young, Bruce E.
name: Radeloff, Volker C.
name: Behm, Jocelyn E.
name: Helmus, Matthew R.
name: S. Blair Hedges
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Map of the bioregions, path models, and distribution of the correlation coefficients (betwwen maximum clade age and richness).
Effects of depth and microhabitat on growth and survivorship of juvenile corals in the Florida Keys
Creators: name: Edmunds, Peter J.
name: Carlon, David B.
name: Bruno, John F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: Despite the well known discrimination among substrata by settling larvae of benthic marine invertebrates, there is limited evidence showing that recruits benefit from the microhabitats selected. To explore the fitness consequences of substrate selection by scleractinian corals, this study was designed to test for selective advantages arising from the microhabitat location of juvenile corals on natural substrata on Conch Reef (Florida Keys). Juvenile corals (ca. 2 to 40 mm diameter) were censused for density and microhabitat at 14, 17, 20 and 26 m depth, and a subset were tagged to measure growth and survivorship. Microhabitats were scored as exposed (upward facing), vertical or cryptic, and the results were analyzed first for all taxa combined, and second by life-history strategy in order to contrast 2 ecologically distinct groups (i.e. brooders versus broadcasters). The majority (>53%) of juveniles occupied exposed microhabitats at all depths, with the remainder mostly in vertical instead of cryptic microhabitats at less than or equal to17 m, and in cryptic instead of vertical microhabitats at greater than or equal to20 m depth. Overall, juvenile distribution was unrelated to life history, and the abundance of brooders and broadcasters was largely similar across depths (regardless of microhabitat). Despite clear evidence of non-random distribution of juvenile corals, their growth and survivorship were statistically indistinguishable among the microhabitats or depths. The disparity between these results and evidence that coral larvae actively select specific microhabitats for settlement could reflect (1) a strong size-dependency of the fitness consequences of microhabitat, (2) a consequence of reef degradation such as a modification of the selective value of microhabitats, or (3) reduced exploitation competition for settlement locations caused by low rates of coral recruitment.
title: Devenir enseignant-e au primaire, une affaire de genre ?
title: Devenir enseignant-e au primaire, une affaire de genre ?
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Becerra, Ludmila
name: Beckett, Anne-Marie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: subject: Facteurs motivationnels
subject: Genre
subject: Autorité
subject: Enseignants masculins au primaire

description: En Suisse romande, comme dans le reste de la Suisse, le taux d’enseignants masculins dans l’enseignement primaire, et notamment dans les premiers degrés de la scolarité reste très faible. Ce pourcentage, qui s’élève à seulement 5% au Cycle 1 dans le canton de Vaud, nous questionne particulièrement. Nous nous demandons quel est l’impact du genre lorsque l’on fait le choix de devenir enseignant-e au primaire, et particulièrement dans les degrés 1 à 4H (enfants âgés de 4 à 8 ans). A travers des entretiens qualitatifs, nous tentons de comprendre quels sont les facteurs motivationnels pour ceux qui ont choisi cette voie. Sept entretiens ont été réalisés avec des participants volontaires (étudiants, étudiants en reconversion, enseignants du Cycle 1) et ceuxci s’inscrivent dans une perspective interprétative compréhensive qualitative, centrée sur le ressenti et les expériences vécues des acteurs concernés. Dans le but de faire ressortir les facteurs motivationnels pour des hommes souhaitant exercer ce métier, nous les avons interrogés sur trois dimensions : le contexte socioculturel, l’attractivité du métier et le genre. Les données recueillies lors des entretiens ont été croisées avec la littérature scientifique en s’appuyant sur trois concepts-clé principalement : le genre, l’autorité et les facteurs motivationnels. Elles ont été ensuite confrontées à nos hypothèses initiales telles que l’importance de l’origine culturelle, l’éventuelle barrière salariale, l’existence de stéréotypes… Cette démarche a fait apparaître de nouveaux éléments qui ont bousculé nos hypothèses ou les ont au contraire confortées et ont permis à de nouvelles perspectives d’émerger. La finalité de notre travail vise à conscientiser l’impact du genre dans le choix d’une carrière dans l’enseignement primaire. Il examine aussi la nécessité d’initiatives pour établir un meilleur équilibre de la représentation des hommes et des femmes dans la fonction enseignante, et aussi d’une meilleure reconnaissance de la mixité des sexes dans tous les corps de métiers. Il étudie enfin la question sous l’angle de la socialisation genrée, en observant comment les acteur-trices de l’enseignement, indépendamment de leur genre, peuvent avoir un rôle plus significatif pour s’emparer de la question du genre et tenter de déconstruire les stéréotypes qui habitent les élèves dès leur plus jeune âge.
Cryogenic micro-calorimeters for mass spectrometric identification of neutral molecules and molecular fragments
Creators: name: Novotný, O.
name: Allgeier, S.
name: Enss, C.
name: Fleischmann, A.
name: Gamer, L.
name: Hengstler, D.
name: Kempf, S.
name: Krantz, C.
name: Pabinger, A.
name: Pies, C.
name: Savin, D. W.
name: Schwalm, D.
name: Wolf, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have systematically investigated the energy resolution of a magnetic micro-calorimeter (MMC) for atomic and molecular projectiles at impact energies ranging from $E\approx13$ to 150 keV. For atoms we obtained absolute energy resolutions down to $ΔE \approx 120$ eV and relative energy resolutions down to $ΔE/E\approx10^{-3}$. We also studied in detail the MMC energy-response function to molecular projectiles of up to mass 56 u. We have demonstrated the capability of identifying neutral fragmentation products of these molecules by calorimetric mass spectrometry. We have modeled the MMC energy-response function for molecular projectiles and conclude that backscattering is the dominant source of the energy spread at the impact energies investigated. We have successfully demonstrated the use of a detector absorber coating to suppress such spreads. We briefly outline the use of MMC detectors in experiments on gas-phase collision reactions with neutral products. Our findings are of general interest for mass spectrometric techniques, particularly for those desiring to make neutral-particle mass measurements.
(2708) Margaret Hope Wicksteed
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
How humans transmit language: Supplementary Material. A model for language internalisation and transmission. from How humans transmit language: horizontal transmission matches word frequencies among peers on Twitter.
Creators: name: Bryden, John
name: Wright, Shaun P.
name: Jansen, Vincent A. A.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Language transmission, the passing on of language features such as words between people, is the process of inheritance that underlies linguistic evolution. To understand how language transmission works, we need a mechanistic understanding based on empirical evidence of lasting change of language usage. Here, we analysed 200 million online conversations to investigate transmission between individuals. We find that the frequency of word usage is inherited over conversations, rather than only the binary presence or absence of a word in a person's lexicon. We propose a mechanism for transmission whereby for each word someone encounters there is a chance they will use it more often. Using this mechanism, we measure that, for one word in around every hundred a person encounters, they will use that word more frequently. As more commonly used words are encountered more often, this means that it is the frequencies of words which are copied. Beyond this, our measurements indicate that this per-encounter mechanism is neutral and applies without any further distinction as to whether a word encountered in a conversation is commonly used or not. An important consequence of this is that frequencies of many words can be used in concert to observe and measure language transmission, and our results confirm this. These results indicate that our mechanism for transmission can be used to study language patterns and evolution within populations.
Habitat complexity mitigates trophic transfer on oyster reefs
Creators: name: Grabowski, Jonathan H.
name: Powers, Sean P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: Structured habitats within several aquatic systems have been characterized as having higher abundances of both predators and their prey. Understanding this somewhat paradoxical phenomenon requires teasing apart how habitat complexity influences predator-prey dynamics. To determine whether habitat complexity influences predator foraging efficiency, we measured predator foraging rates within structurally simple and complex habitats. We selected as our test system mud crabs feeding on juvenile hard clams within biogenic reefs formed by the eastern oyster. At low and intermediate crab densities, foraging rates of mud crabs were similar between simple and complex habitats. However, at high crab densities foraging rates were higher for crabs in the complex reefs than in the simple reefs. In addition to providing refuge to both intermediate predators and their prey, habitat complexity appears to enhance predator foraging efficiency by reducing interference competition among predators. In systems where interference competition among densely populated predators may be intense, complex habitats may not provide survival benefits to all trophic levels.
title: Robotique éducative et développement de la décentration pour le repérage dans le plan et l'espace en mathématiques
title: Robotique éducative et développement de la décentration pour le repérage dans le plan et l'espace en mathématiques
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Schenkenberg Van Mierop, Emma
name: Schmidt, Acsa-Loriane
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: subject: Robotique pédagogique
subject: Blue-Bot
subject: décentration
subject: repérage dans le plan et l'espace
subject: feedback immédiat
subject: feedback différé

description: Alors que l’éducation numérique a fait son entrée dans les curricula, elle trouve largement sa place dans les activités de mathématiques, notamment dans celles de repérage dans le plan et l’espace. En effet, la conception d’itinéraires est une tâche récurrente en géométrie. La programmation de robots de sol semble donc pouvoir être utilisée dans ce champ des mathématiques. Cette recherche a pour objectif de vérifier si la programmation de ces robots éducatifs par des élèves de 10 à 12 ans améliore leur compétence de décentration et, par conséquent, leurs performances en repérage dans le plan et l’espace. Pour ce faire, une méthode expérimentale a été privilégiée. Les données ont été récoltées dans deux classes de 7e et de 8e Harmos dans le canton de Vaud. Trente-six élèves, âgés de 10 à 12 ans, ont appris à utiliser et à programmer un robot éducatif de sol (Blue-Bot) pour se repérer dans le plan et l’espace. Quatre compétences clés ont été évaluées lors d’un pré- et d’un post-test : la capacité de décentration, la programmation d’un algorithme, le repérage absolu et le repérage relatif. Les élèves ont été répartis en deux groupes expérimentaux. Le groupe test a programmé des itinéraires avec un Blue-bot tandis que le groupe contrôle a effectué des tâches de programmation et de repérage sur papier. Les résultats montrent que les élèves ayant utilisé et programmé les robots ont globalement davantage progressé que les élèves ayant effectué des tâches sur papier. Cette progression serait notamment due au développement de la compétence de décentration qui a un effet sur le repérage dans le plan. Les élèves qui ont pu utiliser les Blue-bot ont bénéficié d’un feedback immédiat, ce qui leur a permis d’améliorer efficacement leur décentration. Cela n’a pas été le cas pour les élèves ayant travaillé sur papier. Néanmoins, ces élèves ont également amélioré leurs compétences en repérage dans le plan et dans l’espace, ce qui montre que la décentration n’est pas le seul élément clé pour progresser dans ce domaine. Ces derniers ont pu comprendre la programmation d'algorithmes et les notions liées au repérage absolu et relatif grâce au feedback différé dont ils ont profité. En ce qui concerne les performances en programmation, les deux groupes ont progressé de manière significative, ce qui montre que cette compétence se travaille tout aussi bien de façon branchée que débranchée.
Effects of eutrophication on bottom habitat and prey resources of demersal fishes
Creators: name: Buzzelli, Christopher P.
name: Christian, Robert R.
name: Sullivan, Elizabeth
name: Powers, Sean P.
name: Bishop, Melanie J.
name: Peterson, Charles H.
name: Powers, Monica J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Estuarine benthic habitats serve as essential feeding grounds for demersal finfishes and shellfishes and provide a link between the water column and demersal fisheries in coastal foodwebs. We hypothesize that the cascading linkages of water-column conditions to benthic invertebrates and from benthic invertebrates (as prey) to demersal fishes are a primary mechanism by which water-quality degradation affects sustainable production of demersal fisheries in coastal ecosystems. To evaluate these linkages, we related changes in water quality to changes in bottom-habitat quality for fishes (defined by the availability of prey resources) and assessed how changes in habitat quality affect fish diet. We examined the first link (water-column conditions to benthos) by intensively sampling the benthic community in the Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina, during 2 summers (1997 and 1998) in which depletion of bottom-water oxygen occurred. Dramatic decreases in the abundance of benthic macroinvertebrates were evident after hypoxia/anoxia in both years. Abundances of the clam Macoma balthica, a key prey item for fishes and crabs and the biomass dominant in the benthos, decreased by over 90% in deep and mid-depth areas (> 2 m) throughout the estuary after hypoxia/anoxia in 1997. Although summer decreases in benthic macroinvertebrates were also exhibited in 1998, a year of less frequent and less severe hypoxia, the magnitude of decline was less than that of 1997. To evaluate how these changes in prey abundance may affect demersal fishes, we analyzed the diet of Atlantic croaker Micropagonias undulatus, the most abundant demersal fish in the system, prior to and after summer hypoxia of 1998. This analysis demonstrated a shift in croaker diet away from clams, an abundant item before hypoxia, to less nutritional items such as plant and detrital material afterwards. This dietary shift reflects the decreased abundance of clams as a result of hypoxia/anoxia. We conclude from our study of the Neuse River Estuary that hypoxia/anoxia events degrade essential fish habitat and that this degradation has the potential to reduce the capacity of the system to support production of demersal fisheries.
`Holographic' treatment of surface disorder on a topological insulator
Creators: name: Kim, Kun Woo
name: Mong, Roger S. K.
name: Franz, Marcel
name: Refael, Gil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of surface disorder on electronic systems is particularly interesting for topological phases with surface and edge states. Using exact diagonalization, it has been demonstrated that the surface states of a 3D topological insulator survive strong surface disorder, and simply get pushed to a clean part of the bulk. Here we explore a new method which analytically eliminates the clean bulk, and reduces a $D$-dimensional problem to a Hamiltonian-diagonalization problem within the $(D-1)$-dimensional disordered surface. This dramatic reduction in complexity allows the analysis of significantly bigger systems than is possible with exact diagonalization. We use our method to analyze a 2D topological spin-Hall insulator with non-magnetic and magnetic edge impurities, and we calculate the probability density (or local density of states) of the zero-energy eigenstates as a function of edge-parallel momentum and layer index. Our analysis reveals that the system size needed to reach behavior in the thermodynamic limit increases with disorder. We also compute the edge conductance as a function of disorder strength, and chart a lower bound for the length scale marking the crossover to the thermodynamic limit.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures
Habitat degradation from intermittent hypoxia: impacts on demersal fishes
Creators: name: Crowder, Larry B.
name: McClellan, Catherine M.
name: Peterson, Charles H.
name: Eby, Lisa A.
name: Powers, Monica J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: As eutrophication of estuaries and coastal oceans increases worldwide, the resulting expansion of hypoxic zones represents an increasingly frequent form of habitat degradation. Although impacts of prolonged hypoxia on benthic invertebrate species are well-documented, there is little understanding of how those effects subsequently influence the motile upper trophic levels in estuarine ecosystems. Quantitative nekton surveys in the Neuse River Estuary and field experiments in June and August 1999 using Atlantic croaker Micropogonias undulatus demonstrated that intermittent hypoxia decreased habitat quality for juvenile, demersal fish through 3 pathways: (1) hypoxia restricted the fishes in estuaries to shallow, oxygenated areas, where in the early part of the summer about 1/3 fewer prey resources were available. (2) This contraction of suitable habitat crowded the fish into smaller areas and may have resulted in density-dependent reduction of growth rates. (3) Most importantly, mortality of sessile infauna in deeper areas exposed to intermittent hypoxia decreased prey densities about 8-fold between the June and August experiments. Through these mechanisms, intermittent hypoxia may result in ecological crunches or bottlenecks. Field data collected from May to October in 3 yr (1998 to 2000) with differing levels of hypoxia support the conclusion that intermittent hypoxia may decrease habitat quality and result in >= 50% declines in juvenile fish growth rate. Incorporation of these indirect effects of hypoxia on juvenile growth rates into a population model demonstrated the potential for significant (similar to 4%) reductions in population growth rate. Thus, sublethal effects of hypoxia-driven habitat degradation may impact fisheries production not only through reduced size at age, but also through reduced abundance of demersal fish populations.
title: Cinq stratégies pour réécrire son texte. L'exemple d'un projet d'écriture poétique en 5-6H.
title: Cinq stratégies pour réécrire son texte. L'exemple d'un projet d'écriture poétique en 5-6H.
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Borloz, Alexia
name: Carré, Deborah
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: subject: Réécriture
subject: stratégies
subject: ratures
subject: feedback
subject: mur de mots
subject: écriture tapuscrite
subject: séquence d’enseignement
subject: modélisation
subject: étayage
subject: guidage
subject: modules
subject: genre textuel
subject: enseignement explicite

description: Dans le cadre de ce mémoire, nous proposons diverses stratégies pouvant être mobilisées lors de productions textuelles. Nous avons mené notre projet dans deux classes d’un même demicycle – 5H et 6H – dans le cadre d’une séquence sur l’expression écrite. Afin de mettre en place notre projet et de présenter nos cinq stratégies, nous avons choisi le genre de texte qui joue avec la langue. Celui-ci se déroule en cinq étapes relatives aux caractéristiques du genre et aux stratégies incorporées. Les ratures, l’aide extérieur, le feedback d’un pair, le feedback de l’enseignante et l’écriture tapuscrite sont les stratégies que nous avons décidé de mettre en œuvre. Celles-ci sont toutes accompagnées par un enseignement explicite qui permet à chaque élève de savoir ce qui est attendu de lui.elle et comment il.elle peut y arriver. Le guidage et la modélisation grâce aux outils numériques ont principalement été utilisés afin de rendre nos attentes visibles aux élèves. Enfin, les résultats de notre recherche sont analysés en fonction de récoltes de données après chaque module rédactionnel. Ceux-ci mettent en œuvre une stratégie spécifique qui nous a permis de déterminer l’efficience de celle-ci sur les apprentissages de nos élèves. De plus, lors d’un pré-test et d’un post-test effectués en début et fin de séquence nous avons pu nous rendre compte des apprentissages réalisés par les élèves lors de la mise en place de notre projet. Cet enseignement de stratégies est transposable dans les différents degrés du cycle deux et dans les différents genres textuels. Il est toutefois essentiel de procéder aux changements qu’il convient en fonction du genre et de l’échantillon d’élèves.