cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A fixed point theorem for L^1 spaces
Creators: name: Bader, Uri
name: Gelander, Tsachik
name: Monod, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove a fixed point theorem for a family of Banach spaces, notably L^1 and its non-commutative analogues. Several applications are given, e.g. the optimal solution to the "derivation problem" studied since the 1960s.
description: minor additions; to appear in Inv. Math
Natural Four-Generation Mass Textures in MSSM Brane Worlds
Creators: name: Lebed, Richard F.
name: Mayes, Van E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A fourth generation of Standard Model (SM) fermions is usually considered unlikely due to constraints from direct searches, electroweak precision measurements, and perturbative unitarity. We show that fermion mass textures consistent with all constraints may be obtained naturally in a model with four generations constructed from intersecting D6 branes on a T^6/(Z_2 x Z_2) orientifold. The Yukawa matrices of the model are rank 2, so that only the third- and fourth-generation fermions obtain masses at the trilinear level. The first two generations obtain masses via higher-order couplings and are therefore naturally lighter. In addition, we find that the third and fourth generation automatically split in mass, but do not mix at leading order. Furthermore, the SM gauge couplings automatically unify at the string scale, and all the hidden-sector gauge groups become confining in the range 10^{13}--10^{16} GeV, so that the model becomes effectively a four-generation MSSM at low energies.
description: Accepted for publication in Physical Review D
Map and Track 1998: State Initiatives for Young Children and Families
Creators: name: Knitzer, Jane
name: Page, Stephen
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1998
Subjects: Well-being
Health promotion--Government policy
Children--Health and hygiene
Families--Health and hygiene

description: Recent research on early brain development and on-going research on the effects of comprehensive programs for young children and families point to the importance of investing in efforts to improve the well-being of young children and families. This report profiles what states are doing to promote the well-being of America’s youngest children and families. Map and Track asks and answers six core questions: 1. Are there statewide strategies to enhance the development of infants and toddlers? 2. Are there statewide strategies to promote early learning and well-being among preschool-aged children? 3. Are there statewide strategies to support families with young children as they face the challenges of parenting? 4. Are states linking comprehensive programs for young children with welfare reform implementation? 5. Are there strategies to mobilize community leadership around an agenda for enhancing the life chances and opportunities of America’s youngest citizens? 6. Is there high-level leadership, vision, and a coherent framework around which the state can develop and sustain a bipartisan commitment to its young children over time?
On Invariant Notions of Segre Varieties in Binary Projective Spaces
Creators: name: Havlicek, Hans
name: Odehnal, Boris
name: Saniga, Metod
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Invariant notions of a class of Segre varieties $\Segrem(2)$ of PG(2^m - 1, 2) that are direct products of $m$ copies of PG(1, 2), $m$ being any positive integer, are established and studied. We first demonstrate that there exists a hyperbolic quadric that contains $\Segrem(2)$ and is invariant under its projective stabiliser group $\Stab{m}{2}$. By embedding PG(2^m - 1, 2) into \PG(2^m - 1, 4), a basis of the latter space is constructed that is invariant under $\Stab{m}{2}$ as well. Such a basis can be split into two subsets whose spans are either real or complex-conjugate subspaces according as $m$ is even or odd. In the latter case, these spans can, in addition, be viewed as indicator sets of a $\Stab{m}{2}$-invariant geometric spread of lines of PG(2^m - 1, 2). This spread is also related with a $\Stab{m}{2}$-invariant non-singular Hermitian variety. The case $m=3$ is examined in detail to illustrate the theory. Here, the lines of the invariant spread are found to fall into four distinct orbits under $\Stab{3}{2}$, while the points of PG(7, 2) form five orbits.
description: 18 pages, 1 figure; v2 - version accepted in Designs, Codes and Cryptography
Atomic structure, energetics, and dynamics of topological solitons in Indium chains on Si(111) surfaces
Creators: name: Zhang, Hui
name: Choi, Jin-Ho
name: Xu, Yang
name: Wang, Xiuxia
name: Zhai, Xiaofang
name: Wang, Bing
name: Zeng, Changgan
name: Cho, Jun-Hyung
name: Zhang, Zhenyu
name: Hou, J. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on scanning tunneling microscopy and first-principles theoretical studies, we characterize the precise atomic structure of a topological soliton in In chains grown on Si(111) surfaces. Variable-temperature measurements of the soliton population allow us to determine the soliton formation energy to be ~60 meV, smaller than one half of the band gap of ~200 meV. Once created, these solitons have very low mobility, even though the activation energy is only about 20 meV; the sluggish nature is attributed to the exceptionally low attempt frequency for soliton migration. We further demonstrate local electric field-enhanced soliton dynamics.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
The non-causal origin of the black hole-galaxy scaling relations
Creators: name: Jahnke, Knud
name: Maccio, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the black hole-bulge mass scaling relations observed from the local to the high-z Universe can be largely or even entirely explained by a non-causal origin, i.e. they do not imply the need for any physically coupled growth of black hole and bulge mass, for example through feedback by active galactic nuclei (AGN). Provided some physics for the absolute normalisation, the creation of the scaling relations can be fully explained by the hierarchical assembly of black hole and stellar mass through galaxy merging, from an initially uncorrelated distribution of BH and stellar masses in the early Universe. We show this with a suite of dark matter halo merger trees for which we make assumptions about (uncorrelated) black hole and stellar mass values at early cosmic times. We then follow the halos in the presence of global star formation and black hole accretion recipes that (i) work without any coupling of the two properties per individual galaxy and (ii) correctly reproduce the observed star formation and black hole accretion rate density in the Universe. With disk-to-bulge conversion in mergers included, our simulations even create the observed slope of ~1.1 for the M_BH-M_bulge-relations at z=0. This also implies that AGN feedback is not a required (though still a possible) ingredient in galaxy evolution. In light of this, other mechanisms that can be invoked to truncate star formation in massive galaxies are equally justified.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ; accepted version; again expanded, 13 pages, 8 figures; now also with BH-halo predictions
Promoting Resilience: Helping Young Children and Parents Affected by Substance Abuse, Domestic Violence, and Depression in the Context of Welfare Reform
Creators: name: Knitzer, Jane
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2000
Subjects: Substance abuse
Resilience (Personality trait) in children
Children of the mentally ill
Public welfare
Family violence--Psychological aspects

description: Since the enactment of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA), the major welfare reform legislation of the late 20th century, there have been dramatic reductions in welfare caseloads. Attention is now turning to how to meet the needs of those adults who are currently unable to enter the work force successfully and are thus likely to face time limits and sanctions. This issue brief focuses on a subset of this population, those who experience, either singly or in combination, domestic violence, substance abuse (including alcohol, drugs, and other substances), and serious mental health issues, including depression, and who are parents of young children. For these families, both common sense and research suggest that treatment and other interventions to help the adults become ready to work are crucial. But so, too, are interventions to address parenting issues and to promote resilience in their children—the ability to adapt and thrive even in the face of especially difficult circumstances. States are beginning to address the first challenge. This issue brief addresses the second, often ignored, challenge. It is organized in three sections. The first section highlights the dimensions of the challenge. The second section highlights service strategies to: (1) promote resilience, social competence, and school readiness in the children of the most vulnerable parents; (2) repair (or prevent) damaged parent-child relationships among young children whose parents face severe risks; and (3) ensure the safety of the children while helping parents meet the work-related goals of PRWORA. The third section suggests steps that policymakers, service providers, private funders, and advocates might take to improve outcomes for and investments in young children in high-risk families.
Weyl groups of fine gradings on matrix algebras, octonions and the Albert algebra
Creators: name: Elduque, Alberto
name: Kochetov, Mikhail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 16W50, secondary 17D05, 17C40

description: Given a grading $Γ: A=\oplus_{g\in G}A_g$ on a nonassociative algebra $A$ by an abelian group $G$, we have two subgroups of the group of automorphisms of $A$: the automorphisms that stabilize each homogeneous component $A_g$ (as a subspace) and the automorphisms that permute the components. By the Weyl group of $Γ$ we mean the quotient of the latter subgroup by the former. In the case of a Cartan decomposition of a semisimple complex Lie algebra, this is the automorphism group of the root system, i.e., the so-called extended Weyl group. A grading is called fine if it cannot be refined. We compute the Weyl groups of all fine gradings on matrix algebras, octonions and the Albert algebra over an algebraically closed field (of characteristic different from 2 in the case of the Albert algebra).
description: 23 pages. References updated
Additional file 1 of Functional status and caregiver burden of patients on maintenance haemodialysis in Cameroon: a two-centre cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Mambap, Alex Tatang
name: Che, Innocent Abong
name: Mahamat, Maimouna
name: Ashuntantang, Gloria Enow
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Factors associated with Functional status impairment on Univariate Analysis (N=115). Table S2. Socio-demographic factors associated with high caregiver burden on Univariate Analysis (N=51).
EARTHQUAKES AND ANCIENT SITE SELECTION IN WEST ANATOLIA (PhD. Thesis METU Archaeometry)
Creators: name: Tokmak, Musa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 210102 Archaeological Science
subject: FOS: History and archaeology

description: This study investigates the relationship between the ancient settlements in west Anatolia and physical, environmental parameters including topography, rock and morphological classes. Modern settlements are also included in the study to analyze if the response has changed to these parameters from past to the present. The databases created in the study include three topographic attributes (elevation, slope and aspect), rock type, ancient settlements and modern settlements. Analyses performed in the study involve distance and density analyses, morphological analysis; distribution within the rock types both for ancient and modern settlements. The results of the study demonstrated that 1) the active faults produced attractive topography to settle, 2) people preferred the vicinity of the fault line as settlement location, and 3) they were not aware of the earthquake potential of their location. Therefore, because of the advantage of the location they did not consider to change the place as indicated by rebuilding their settlement repeatedly at the same place after it is damaged. Key words: earthquakes, active faults, Greek and Roman period, west Anatolia, GIS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bu çalışma, antik yerleşimlerle bu yerleşimlerin sahip olduğu topografik, kaya ve morfolojik tipleri gibi fiziksel ve çevresel parametreler arasındaki ilişkileri incelemekte. Bu çalışmada modern yerleşimlerde yer verilerek zaman içinde depreme olan tepkinin geçmişten günümüze değişip değişmedi analiz edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada üç topoğrafik değer (yükseklik, eğim, bakı), kaya türü, antik yerleşimler ve modern yerleşimlerin veritabanları yaratılmıştır. Çalışmada, antik ve modern yerleşimler için uzaklık ve yoğunluk analizi, morfoloji analizi; her iki yerleşim için de kaya türlerinin dağılımın analizi yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları şunları göstermiştir 1) aktif faylar yerleşim için uygun topoğrafyalar oluşturmuştur, 2) yerleşim yeri olarak insanlar fay hattına yakın yerleri seçmişlerdir, ve 3) onlar yerleşim yerlerindeki deprem potansiyelinden farkında değildiler. Buna ilaveten, yerleşim yerlerinin avantajından dolayı, zararda görseler tekrardan binalar yaparak yerlişim yerlerini değiştirmeyi düşünmemişlerdir. Anahtar kelimeler: deprem, aktif faylar, Yunan ve Roma dönemi, Batı Anadolu,GIS
A topological insulator surface under strong Coulomb, magnetic and disorder perturbations
Creators: name: Wray, L. Andrew
name: Xu, Su-Yang
name: Xia, Yuqi
name: Hsieh, David
name: Fedorov, Alexei V.
name: Lin, Hsin
name: Bansil, Arun
name: Hor, Yew San
name: Cava, Robert J.
name: Hasan, M. Zahid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Three dimensional topological insulators embody a newly discovered state of matter characterized by conducting spin-momentum locked surface states that span the bulk band gap as demonstrated via spin-resolved ARPES measurements . This highly unusual surface environment provides a rich ground for the discovery of novel physical phenomena. Here we present the first controlled study of the topological insulator surfaces under strong Coulomb, magnetic and disorder perturbations. We have used interaction of iron, with a large Coulomb state and significant magnetic moment as a probe to \textit{systematically test the robustness} of the topological surface states of the model topological insulator Bi$_2$Se$_3$. We observe that strong perturbation leads to the creation of odd multiples of Dirac fermions and that magnetic interactions break time reversal symmetry in the presence of band hybridization. We also present a theoretical model to account for the altered surface of Bi$_2$Se$_3$. Taken collectively, these results are a critical guide in manipulating topological surfaces for probing fundamental physics or developing device applications.
description: 14 pages, 4 Figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1009.6216
The crossing number of satellite knots
Creators: name: Lackenby, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M25

description: We show that the crossing number of a satellite knot is at least 10^{-13} times the crossing number of its companion knot.
description: 26 pages, 10 figures; v2: a significant gap in the proof has been filled
Renormalization constants for 2-twist operators in twisted mass QCD
Creators: name: Alexandrou, C.
name: Constantinou, M.
name: Korzec, T.
name: Panagopoulos, H.
name: Stylianou, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Perturbative and non-perturbative results on the renormalization constants of the fermion field and the twist-2 fermion bilinears are presented with emphasis on the non-perturbative evaluation of the one-derivative twist-2 vector and axial vector operators. Non-perturbative results are obtained using the twisted mass Wilson fermion formulation employing two degenerate dynamical quarks and the tree-level Symanzik improved gluon action. The simulations have been performed for pion masses in the range of about 450-260 MeV and at three values of the lattice spacing $a$ corresponding to $β=3.9, 4.05, 4.20$. Subtraction of ${\cal O}(a^2)$ terms is carried out by performing the perturbative evaluation of these operators at 1-loop and up to ${\cal O}(a^2)$. The renormalization conditions are defined in the RI$'$-MOM scheme, for both perturbative and non-perturbative results. The renormalization factors, obtained for different values of the renormalization scale, are evolved perturbatively to a reference scale set by the inverse of the lattice spacing. In addition, they are translated to ${\bar{\rm MS}}$ at 2 GeV using 3-loop perturbative results for the conversion factors.
description: ETM Collaboration, 25 pages, 15 figures. Improvement on the continuum extrapolation and clarification on the estimate of the systematic errors. Typos corrected
Estructuras Autónomas de Monitoreo Arrecifal (ARMS). Manual de procesamiento de fauna marina bentónica
Creators: name: Palomino-Álvarez L., A.
name: Castillo-Cupul R., E.
name: Suárez-Mozo. N., Y.
name: Ortigosa, D.
name: Paz-Ríos C., E.
name: Cervantes-Campero., G.
name: Muciño-Reyes, M.
name: Homá-Canché, P.
name: Hernández, Q.
name: Sotelo, R.
name: Dávila-Jiménez., Y.
name: Hidalgo, G.
name: García-González, M.
name: A, Hernández
name: Tello-Musi, J. L.
name: González-Muñoz, R.,
name: Ugalde, D.
name: Rocha M., R.
name: Moreno-Mendoza, R.
name: Guadarrama, P.
name: Simoes, N.
name: Guerra-Castro J., E.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: taxonomic diversity
Caribbean Sea
Mollusks
Echinoderms
Ascidians
Bryozoans
Cnidarians
Polycladidae
Porifera
Benthic Fauna
cryptic species
artificial substrate
biodiversity

description: Con el objetivo de analizar la biodiversidad de los arrecifes de coral, específicamente de la fauna marina bentónica, este manual fue realizado por un grupo de expertos taxónomos para guiar el adecuado tratamiento y preservación de organismos asociados a estructuras autónomas de monitoreo arrecifal (ARMS) y así para su inclusión en colecciones científicas. CC-BY-NC-N
Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS). Benthic marine fauna processing manual
Creators: name: Palomino-Álvarez L., A.
name: Castillo-Cupul R., E.
name: Suárez-Mozo. N., Y.
name: Ortigosa, D.
name: Paz-Ríos C., E.
name: Cervantes-Campero., G.
name: Muciño-Reyes, M.
name: Homá-Canché, P.
name: Hernández, Q.
name: Sotelo, R.
name: Dávila-Jiménez., Y.
name: Hidalgo, G.
name: García-González, M.
name: A, Hernández
name: Tello-Musi, J. L.
name: González-Muñoz, R.,
name: Ugalde, D.
name: Rocha M., R.
name: Moreno-Mendoza, R.
name: Guadarrama, P.
name: Simoes, N.
name: Guerra-Castro J., E.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: taxonomic diversity
Caribbean Sea
Mollusks
Echinoderms
Ascidians
Bryozoans
Cnidarians
Polycladidae
Porifera
Benthic Fauna
cryptic species
artificial substrate
biodiversity

description: With the aim of analyzing the biodiversity of coral reefs, specifically of the benthic marine fauna, this manual was prepared by a group of taxonomic experts to guide the adequate treatment and preservation of organisms associated with autonomous reef monitoring structures (ARMS) and thus for inclusion in scientific collections. CC-BY-NC-N
Parent Engagement from Preschool through Grade 3: A Guide for Policymakers
Creators: name: Smith, Sheila
name: Robbins, Taylor A.
name: Stagman, Shannon M.
name: Mathur, Disha
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Education, Elementary--Parent participation
Education, Preschool--Parent participation
Academic achievement
Education and state

description: Parent engagement in children’s education is increasingly viewed as an essential support to children’s learning in early care and education programs and throughout the school years. While there are many definitions of “parent engagement,” the term is used here to describe parents’ efforts to promote their children’s healthy development and learning through activities that can be encouraged by educators in child care, preschool and school settings. (We also use the term “parent involvement” in the same way.) This report makes the case that effective parent engagement during the span from preschool through the early grades is a key contributor to children’s positive academic outcomes. During this period, young children acquire foundational competencies – including language, literacy, early math, and social-emotional skills – that strongly affect their capacity for grade-level learning. When young children fall behind in developing these skills, they often face an uphill path for the rest of their school years. For example, children who have weak language skills upon school entry are more likely to struggle while learning to read, and weak reading skills in third grade greatly hamper children’s learning across the curriculum in later grades. While high-quality teaching in preschool and the early grades is essential, parents can also play a vital role in helping children acquire foundational competencies that fuel school success. The following sections of this report present research, program, and policy information that can inform state initiatives to strengthen parent engagement during preschool through grade 3. Key findings from research: Studies relating parenting behavior to child’s learning and achievement; studies that evaluate interventions; and research on factors affecting parent involvement; Promising models designed for culturally diverse, low-income families; Exemplary state parent engagement initiatives; Opportunities for states to advance parent engagement policies and practices; Summary of research; Recommendations
Who are America's Poor Children? The Official Story
Creators: name: Fass, Sarah
name: Cauthen, Nancy K.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Poor children
Poverty
Poor families

description: Nearly 13 million American children live in families with incomes below the federal poverty level, which is $20,650 a year for a family of four. The number of children living in poverty increased by 11 percent between 2000 and 2006. There are 1.2 million more children living in poverty today than in 2000. Not only are these numbers troubling, the official poverty measure tells only part of the story – it is widely viewed as a flawed metric of economic hardship (see box). Research consistently shows that, on average, families need an income of about twice the federal poverty level to make ends meet. Children living in families with incomes below this level – for 2006, about $41,000 for a family of four – are referred to as low income. Thirty-nine percent of the nation’s children – more than 28 million in 2006 – live in low-income families. Nonetheless, official poverty statistics continue to be used by researchers, policymakers, and the media to define economic disadvantage. In addition, eligibility for many public benefits is based on the official poverty measure. This fact sheet details some of the characteristics of American children who are considered poor by these official standards.
The Conflation of Biological Sex and Gender Identity: a Methodological Error
Creators: name: Maglia, Francesca
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: biological sex
gender
gender identity
gender studies
epistemology
public policy
mental health
science and gender
philosophy of science
education
freedom and expression
inclusion
DEI
inclusivity
interdisciplinarity
wokeness
woke
media
social media
sex
gender theory

description: This thesis investigates the widespread conflation of biological sex and gender identity in contemporary discourse, arguing that such a fusion constitutes a methodological error and a speculation lacking robust empirical foundations. Through an epistemological analysis, the two concepts are distinguished: sex as a physical fact, the domain of natural sciences, and identity as a subjective perception, the realm of social sciences. The origins of this overlap—spanning media, legislation, academia, and education—are explored, and scientific evidence is examined, revealing how preliminary correlations (e.g., brain, twin, and hormonal studies) are often amplified beyond their limits. The practical implications of this conflation are significant: in medicine, it compromises diagnosis and treatment; in politics, it weakens specific protections; in law, it threatens free expression; in education, it confuses the young. Conversely, separating the two domains offers tangible benefits: healthcare precision, targeted policies, educational clarity, and safeguarding public discourse. Grounded in an interdisciplinary approach and updated data, this research aims to demonstrate that keeping biological sex and gender identity distinct not only preserves scientific rigor but also fosters a more authentic understanding of human complexity, with concrete impacts on health, justice, and society.
Origin of intrinsic dark count in superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors
Creators: name: Yamashita, T.
name: Miki, S.
name: Makise, K.
name: Qiu, W.
name: Terai, H.
name: Fujiwara, M.
name: Sasaki, M.
name: Wang, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The origin of the decoherence in superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors, the so-called dark count, was investigated. We measured the direct-current characteristics and bias-current dependencies of the dark count rate in a wide range of temperatures from 0.5 K to 4 K, and analyzed the results by theoretical models of thermal fluctuations of vortices. Our results indicate that the current-assisted unbinding of vortex-antivortex pairs is the dominant origin of the dark count.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures
On $p$-deficiency in groups
Creators: name: Barnea, Yiftach
name: Schlage-Puchta, Jan-Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F05, 20E07

description: Recently, Schlage-Puchta proved super multiplicity of $p$-deficiency for normal subgroups of $p$-power index. We extend this result to all normal subgroups of finite index. We then use the methods of the proof to show that some groups with non-positive $p$-deficiency have virtually positive $p$-deficiency. We also compute the $p$-deficiency in some cases such as Fuchsian groups and study related invariants: the lower and upper absolute $p$-homology gradients and the $p$-Euler characteristic.
description: The abstract and introduction were comletely rewritten. Further minor changes were made for the rest of the paper
Gradings on the exceptional Lie algebras $F_4$ and $G_2$ revisited
Creators: name: Elduque, Alberto
name: Kochetov, Mikhail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 17B70, secondary 17D05, 17C40

description: All gradings by abelian groups are classified on the following algebras over an algebraically closed field of characteristic not 2: the simple Lie algebra of type $G_2$ (characteristic not 3), the exceptional simple Jordan algebra, and the simple Lie algebra of type $F_4$.
description: 36 pages. References expanded and updated
Who are America's Poor Children?: The Official Story
Creators: name: Fass, Sarah
name: Cauthen, Nancy K.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Poor children
Poverty
Poor families

description: Over 13 million American children live in families with incomes below the federal poverty level, which is $21,200 a year for a family of four in 2008. The number of children living in poverty increased by 15 percent between 2000 and 2007. There are 1.7 million more children living in poverty today than in 2000. Not only are these numbers troubling, the official poverty measure tells only part of the story – it is widely viewed as a flawed metric of economic hardship (see box). Research consistently shows that, on average, families need an income of about twice the federal poverty level to make ends meet. Children living in families with incomes below this level – for 2008, $42,400 for a family of four – are referred to as low income. Thirty-nine percent of the nation’s children – more than 28 million in 2007 – live in low-income families. Nonetheless, official poverty statistics continue to be used by researchers, policymakers, and the media to define economic disadvantage. In addition, eligibility for many public benefits is based on the official poverty measure. This fact sheet details some of the characteristics of American children who are considered poor by the official standard.
Non-Markovian effects in the Quantum noise of interacting nanostructures
Creators: name: Marcos, D.
name: Emary, C.
name: Brandes, T.
name: Aguado, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theory of finite-frequency noise in non-equilibrium conductors. It is shown that Non-Markovian correlations are essential to describe the physics of quantum noise. In particular, we show the importance of a correct treatment of the initial system-bath correlations, and how these can be calculated using the formalism of quantum master equations. Our method is particularly important in interacting systems, and when the measured frequencies are larger that the temperature and applied voltage. In this regime, quantum-noise steps are expected in the power spectrum due to vacuum fluctuations. This is illustrated in the current noise spectrum of single resonant level model and of a double quantum dot --charge qubit-- attached to electronic reservoirs. Furthermore, the method allows for the calculation of the single-time counting statistics in quantum dots, measured in recent experiments.
description: 9 Pages, 7 Figures. Published version
Essential entanglement for atomic and molecular physics
Creators: name: Tichy, Malte C.
name: Mintert, Florian
name: Buchleitner, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Entanglement is nowadays considered as a key quantity for the understanding of correlations, transport properties, and phase transitions in composite quantum systems, and thus receives interest beyond the engineered applications in the focus of quantum information science. We review recent experimental and theoretical progress in the study of quantum correlations under that wider perspective, with an emphasis on rigorous definitions of the entanglement of identical particles, and on entanglement studies in atoms and molecules.
description: accepted as Topical Review by J. Phys. B, 61 pages, 14 figures
Who are America's Poor Children? The Official Story
Creators: name: Fass, Sarah
name: Cauthen, Nancy K.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Poor children
Poverty
Poor families

description: Nearly 13 million American children live in families with incomes below the federal poverty level, which is $20,000 a year for a family of four. The number of children living in poverty increased by more than 11 percent between 2000 and 2005. There are 1.3 million more children living in poverty today than in 2000, despite indications of economic recovery and growth. Not only are these numbers dispiriting, the official poverty measure tells only part of the story—it is increasingly viewed as a flawed metric of economic hardship (see box). Research consistently shows that, on average, families need an income of about twice the federal poverty level to make ends meet. Children living in families with incomes below this level—for 2006, $40,000 for a family of four—are referred to as low income. Thirty-nine percent of the nation’s children—more than 28 million in 2005—live in low-income families. Nonetheless, official poverty statistics continue to be used by researchers, policymakers, and the media to define economic disadvantage. In addition, eligibility for many public benefits is based on the official poverty measure. This fact sheet details some of the characteristics of American children who are considered poor by these official standards.
Neuron dynamics in the presence of 1/f noise
Creators: name: Sobie, Cameron
name: Babul, Arif
name: de Sousa, Rogerio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interest in understanding the interplay between noise and the response of a non-linear device cuts across disciplinary boundaries. It is as relevant for unmasking the dynamics of neurons in noisy environments as it is for designing reliable nanoscale logic circuit elements and sensors. Most studies of noise in non-linear devices are limited to either time-correlated noise with a Lorentzian spectrum (of which the white noise is a limiting case) or just white noise. We use analytical theory and numerical simulations to study the impact of the more ubiquitous "natural" noise with a 1/f frequency spectrum. Specifically, we study the impact of the 1/f noise on a leaky integrate and fire model of a neuron. The impact of noise is considered on two quantities of interest to neuron function: The spike count Fano factor and the speed of neuron response to a small step-like stimulus. For the perfect (non-leaky) integrate and fire model, we show that the Fano factor can be expressed as an integral over noise spectrum weighted by a (low pass) filter function. This result elucidates the connection between low frequency noise and disorder in neuron dynamics. We compare our results to experimental data of single neurons in vivo, and show how the 1/f noise model provides much better agreement than the usual approximations based on Lorentzian noise. The low frequency noise, however, complicates the case for information coding scheme based on interspike intervals by introducing variability in the neuron response time. On a positive note, the neuron response time to a step stimulus is, remarkably, nearly optimal in the presence of 1/f noise. An explanation of this effect elucidates how the brain can take advantage of noise to prime a subset of the neurons to respond almost instantly to sudden stimuli.
description: Phys. Rev. E in press
Temperature-independent quantum logic for molecular spectroscopy
Creators: name: Mur-Petit, J.
name: Pérez-Ríos, J.
name: Campos-Martínez, J.
name: Hernández, M. I.
name: Willitsch, S.
name: García-Ripoll, J. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a fast and non-destructive spectroscopic method for single molecular ions that implements quantum logic schemes between an atomic ion and the molecular ion of interest. Our proposal relies on a hybrid coherent manipulation of the two-ion system, using optical or magnetic forces depending on the types of molecular levels to be addressed (Zeeman, rotational, vibrational or electronic degrees of freedom). The method is especially suited for the non-destructive precision spectroscopy of single molecular ions, and sets a starting point for new hybrid quantum computation schemes that combine molecular and atomic ions, covering the measurement and entangling steps.
description: v3. Substantially enlarged manuscript with details of derivations and calculations in two appendices. To appear in PRA
A Comparative Study of Users’ Attitude Towards the Utilization of Library Services in Cross River University of Technology and University of Calabar Libraries, Nigeria
Creators: name: Ntui, Aniebiet Inyang
name: Orim, Faith Sylvester
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Library and Information Studies
subject: FOS: Media and communications

description: University libraries set up their services to enhance the teaching and research missions of the institutions, particularly for students. Students are increasingly expected to use library services while at university. Users attitude have an effect on their use of library services. This study sought to compare users’ attitude towards various library services in Cross River University of Technology and University of Calabar libraries. Multistage non probability sampling technique involving purpose and accidental sampling was adopted for this study. A total sample of five hundred and thirty one (531) registered library users was drawn from a population of three thousand, two hundred and thirty six (3236). Five null hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. A validated 30- item questionnaire was developed by the researcher to collect data for the study. Independent t-test was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The summary of the findings showed that there is a significant difference in library services offered to users in between users’ attitudes toward lending services in Cross River University of Technology library and University of Calabar library. It is concluded that academic universities can influence users’ attitude towards utilization of library services. It was recommended among others that the use of attractive posters in each section of the library describing the services and user instruction workshops should be marketed using flyers and pamphlets, promoting library services.
Additional file 1 of Risk of transmission of foot-and-mouth disease by wild animals: infection dynamics in Japanese wild boar following direct inoculation or contact exposure
Creators: name: Fukai, Katsuhiko
name: Kawaguchi, Rie
name: Nishi, Tatsuya
name: Ikezawa, Mitsutaka
name: Yamada, Manabu
name: Seeyo, Kingkarn Boonsuya
name: Morioka, Kazuki
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Detection of viral RNA in clinical samples by RT-PCR and of antibodies by VNT and ELISA in animals intraorally inoculated with O/TAI/315/2016 in Experiment 1.
Quantum Quenches, Thermalization and Many-Body Localization
Creators: name: Canovi, Elena
name: Rossini, Davide
name: Fazio, Rosario
name: Santoro, Giuseppe E.
name: Silva, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We conjecture that thermalization following a quantum quench in a strongly correlated quantum system is closely connected to many-body delocalization in the space of quasi-particles. This scenario is tested in the anisotropic Heisenberg spin chain with different types of integrability-breaking terms. We first quantify the deviations from integrability by analyzing the level spacing statistics and the inverse participation ratio of the system's eigenstates. We then focus on thermalization, by studying the dynamics after a sudden quench of the anisotropy parameter. Our numerical simulations clearly support the conjecture, as long as the integrability-breaking term acts homogeneously on the quasiparticle space, in such a way as to induce ergodicity over all the relevant Hilbert space.
description: 8 pages
Investing in Young Children: A Fact Sheet on Early Care and Education Participation, Access, and Quality
Creators: name: Schmit, Stephanie
name: Matthews, Hannah
name: Smith, Sheila
name: Robbins, Taylor A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Poor children
Early childhood education
Child care
Poor children--Education
Education and state

description: High quality early care and education can play a critical role in promoting young children’s early learning and success in life, while also supporting families’ economic security. Young children at highest risk of educational failure – those experiencing poverty and related circumstances that may limit early learning experiences – benefit the most from high quality early care and education programs. This fact sheet provides information about the percentages of young children in each state experiencing risks related to poor educational outcomes. It then shows trends in federal and state investments in early care and education programs and state policies related to both access and quality.
Parents' Low Education Leads to Low Income, Despite Full-Time Employment
Creators: name: Koball, Heather
name: Chau, Michelle M.
name: Koball, Heather
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Parents--Education
Poor--Education
Poor children
Poor--Education (Higher)

description: Higher education is one of the most effective ways that parents can raise their families’ incomes. There is clear evidence that higher educational attainment is associated with higher earnings. Over the past two decades, parents with less education have been losing economic ground. Policies that support education for low-income parents and children offer them the potential for lasting economic security
Magnetic Ephemeris and Coordinates: Level 2 Ephemeris product update
Creators: name: Morley, Steven Karl
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015

description: MMS Magnetic Ephemeris and Coordinates (MEC) overview and updates.

Presented at MMS Science Team meeting ; 2015-05-19 - 2015-05-21 ; Boulder, Colorado, United States
Combined ion and atom trap for low temperature ion-atom physics
Creators: name: Ravi, K.
name: Lee, Seunghyun
name: Sharma, Arijit
name: Werth, G.
name: Rangwala, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report an experimental apparatus and technique which simultaneously traps ions and cold atoms with spatial overlap. Such an apparatus is motivated by the study of ion-atom processes at temperatures ranging from hot to ultra-cold. This area is a largely unexplored domain of physics with cold trapped atoms. In this article we discuss the general design considerations for combining these two traps and present our experimental setup. The ion trap and atom traps are characterized independently of each other. The simultaneous operation of both is then described and experimental signatures of the effect of the ions and cold-atoms on each other are presented. In conclusion the use of such an instrument for several problems in physics and chemistry is briefly discussed.
description: 24 pages, 13 figures. Figures Fixed
Nietzsche's Practical Experimentalism: Agonism & Tragedy in Nietzsche's Positive Ethics
Creators: name: OKAWARA, ANDRE
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion

description: In this thesis I reconstruct Nietzsche’s positive ethics by identifying and examining what I call his typology of practices. I argue that analysing Nietzsche’s typology of practices provides a rich, substantive account of his positive ethics. I proceed by proposing a general framework that aims to reflect and explain how Nietzsche comes to evaluate certain types of practices positively. I argue that two enduring ethical criteria guide his assessments: a practice’s capacity to promote the development of individual character by facilitating and guiding the expression of human drives, and its capacity to generate enduring sensations of existential affirmation.
Effects of Berry phase and instantons in one dimensional Kondo-Heisenberg model
Creators: name: Goswami, Pallab
name: Si, Qimiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the global phase diagram of antiferromagnetic heavy-fermion metals, we study the Kondo effect from the perspective of a nonlinear sigma model in the one dimensional Kondo-Heisenberg model. We focus on the effects of the instanton configurations of the sigma-model field and the associated Berry phase. Guided by the results derived using bosonization methods, we demonstrate that the Kondo singlet formation is accompanied by an emergent Berry phase. This Berry phase also captures the competition between the Kondo-singlet formation and spin Peierls correlations. Related effects are likely to be realized in Kondo lattice systems in higher dimensions.
description: 7 pages; replaced with the version published in PRL
Quantum Fluctuations in Dipolar Bose Gases
Creators: name: Lima, Aristeu R. P.
name: Pelster, Axel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the influence of quantum fluctuations upon dipolar Bose gases by means of the Bogoliubov-de Gennes theory. Thereby, we make use of the local density approximation to evaluate the dipolar exchange interaction between the condensate and the excited particles. This allows to obtain the Bogoliubov spectrum analytically in the limit of large particle numbers. After discussing the condensate depletion and the ground-state energy correction, we derive quantum corrected equations of motion for harmonically trapped dipolar Bose gases by using superfluid hydrodynamics. These equations are subsequently applied to analyze the equilibrium configuration, the low-lying oscillation frequencies, and the time-of-flight dynamics. We find that both atomic magnetic and molecular electric dipolar systems offer promising scenarios for detecting beyond mean-field effects.
description: Published in PRA