cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Global Biofuel Trade: How Uncoordinated Biofuel Policy Fuels Resource Use and GHG Emissions
Creators: name: Meyer, Seth
name: Schmidhuber, Josef
name: Barreiro-Hurlé, Jesús
name: Meyer, Seth
name: Schmidhuber, Josef
name: Barreiro-Hurlé, Jesús
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: International Relations/Trade
Agricultural and Food Policy

description: In recent years we have seen significant volumes of bilateral trade of physically identical ethanol between the United States of America and Brazil driven by their different biofuel policies. The trend emerged in 2010, and accelerated in the second half of 2011, with large quantities of ethanol crossing paths in bilateral trade between the two countries. While this two-way or intraindustry trade of homogenous products is not a new phenomenon, it is typically explained by factors such as seasonality or cross-border exchanges caused by transportation cost differentials. However, we find that traditional market factors do not explain the notable volumes of bilateral trade in ethanol between the US and Brazil. Instead, this trade appears to be driven by differential and uncoordinated environmental policy. The conclusion is that the uncoordinated environmental legislation is inducing the product differentiation that invites arbitrage between the two countries, resulting in the two-way trade of an otherwise physically homogenous product; in so doing, additional fossil energy is consumed in the bilateral trade of ethanol along with the associated emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from transport. Transport, as a result of the individual policies, also raises the price of biofuels to consumers which may suppress the displacement of fossil fuels. Both of these unintended consequences work in direct conflict with stated environmental objectives of many biofuel programmes. The potential for intra-industry trade in biofuels could be further stimulated by evolving legislation within the European Union (EU). With tighter environmental constraints on biofuel production written into EU policy, the potential competition for certain classes of renewable fuels increases and could extend its reach from ethanol to biodiesel and/or the underlying feedstocks in the EU, the US and Brazil. This would create additional opportunities for counter-productive arbitrage among the three regions. We highlight one negative consequence of uncoordinated biofuel policy and propose options for mitigation through the use of a “book and claim” system under which each country could continue to pursue its own policy objectives while acting in a coordinated fashion to reduce costs and GHG emissions.
Using liver miRNA profiles to predict chemical hepatocarcinogenesis
Creators: name: Koufaris, Costas
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2011

description: Industrial, agricultural, and pharmaceutical requirements drive the development of a plethora of new chemical entities each year, many of which - for example drugs, pesticides, and food additives - have to be assessed for potential human health hazard. The current benchmark for risk assessement is the lifetime rodent bioassay which is expensive, time-consuming, laborious, requires the sacrifice of numerous animals, and is often irrelevant to humans. Hence alternative strategies to the rodent lifetime bioassay for prediction of chemical carcinogens are being pursued, especially for the liver which is an organ frequently affected by exogenous chemicals due to its detoxifying and metabolic roles. Numerous studies in recent years support the important role of microRNAs in cancer development, including hepatocellular carcinoma. The principal hypothesis of this project was that hepatic microRNA signatures can contribute to the earlier prediction of chemical hepatocarcinogens. Examination of livers from male Fischer rats treated with six chemical hepatocarcinogens, with diverse mode of actions for 90 days revealed that all the tested hepatocarcinogens affected the liver miRNAome from that early stage. Interestingly, a small set of microRNAs were identified whose expression was frequently deregulated by the hepatocarcinogens. Bioinformatic analysis indicates that these microRNAs can regulate pathways which are important in hepatocellular carcinoma. A more detailed investigation of one of those hepatocarcinogens, phenobarbital, showed that its effects on liver microRNAs were both dose and time dependent, with a progressive induction of specific microRNA clusters.Thus this study was the first to investigate in depth the effects of chemical hepatocarcinogens on the liver miRNAome and supports the potential usefulness of hepatic microRNA signatures in risk assessment.
A Study of Mandatory Lane Change Execution in Heterogeneous Traffic on Arterial Road
Creators: name: XIAOYING CAO
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 90599 Civil Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: This thesis explores lane change execution behaviour in heterogeneous traffic, with a focus on mandatory lane changes on arterial roads. Existing lane change studies mostly pay attention to the lane change generation process, while the lane change execution process is often simplified or even ignored. The lane changing of different vehicle types is also not investigated satisfactorily. To address these knowledge gaps, this research has improved the understanding of mandatory lane change execution, identified the influencing factors to lane change execution and furthermore developed lane change execution models for both passenger cars and heavy vehicles.
Biomarkers of environmental exposure: genetic and epigenetic approaches
Creators: name: Scoccianti, Chiara
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2011

description: Exposure assessment in cancer epidemiological studies relies on measurable intermediate molecular biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity in order to prevent common problems due to misclassification of exposure. Studies on the early stages of carcinogenesis have helped to identify molecular changes that are detectable in pre-cancerous lesions and that are thought to occur as the result of specific exposures such as tobacco smoking. More recently, in vitro evidence started to support the potential cancer-protective role of various micronutrients acting through epigenetic and genetic mechanisms. Somatic mutations in “master” cancer genes and modifications of epigenetic patterns in the promoter region of specific genes involved in cell cycle, apoptosis or DNA repair may prove good candidates of carcinogenic and dietary exposure even if the evidence that these changes may be present and detectable in “normal” tissue are still scarce (due in part to the practical and ethical difficulty to conduct experimental prospective studies in healthy individuals). In this thesis, I have developed two projects exploring the application of TP53, KRAS, EGFR mutations and of DNA methylation changes as biomarkers of exposure to tobacco smoking, in experimental and observational study designs. Somatic mutations were analysed by dHPLC, ME-PCR, RFLP and sequencing and DNA-methylation analysis was performed by pyrosequencing. Moreover, somatic mutations were analysed in a prospective context of lung cancer recurrence; also the capacity of dietary polyphenols and isothiocyanates to modify methylation patterns in smokers was assessed in an intervention trial. The results show that somatic mutations are good markers of different forms of tobacco-related lung cancers but have limited short-term prognostic value, with the exception of KRAS mutations in adenocarcinoma. Methylation data suggested that a specific short-term dietary intervention may stabilize global epigenetic (LINE1 DNA methylation) patterns in peripheral white blood cells.
Has The Treadmill Changed Direction? WTO Negotiations in the Light of a Potential New Global Agricultural Market Environment
Creators: name: Schmidhuber, Josef
name: Meyer, Seth
name: Schmidhuber, Josef
name: Meyer, Seth
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: International Relations/Trade
Agricultural and Food Policy

description: For decades technological progress had shifted supply in agricultural commodity markets outward against an inelastic demand, resulting in a trend of declining real crop prices and a falling share of undernourished people globally. However, high energy prices and the use of agricultural products for biofuel production have established new dynamics in traditionally slow-growing food markets. Agricultural output has increased since 1970, but future sustainable gains will be more difficult to achieve. The size of the energy market and a highly elastic long-term demand will lead to energy markets absorbing any “excess” production, keeping markets tight and prices elevated. The shift from a demand-constrained to a supply-constrained market environment has changed the emphasis in the food security debate. A shift to a supply-constrained market, one where energy markets provide a large and elastic source of demand for agricultural output, has important implications for the policy process. Trade negotiations, which emphasize market access for exporters in the context of low prices, may need to be buttressed by discussions on how to address the concerns of import-dependent developing countries and those affected by export constraints, should high and volatile prices persist. The implications of a shift in the dynamics of supply and demand in agricultural markets extend to other policy arenas, including research and development policy and resource management policy.
Mathematical modelling of cardiovascular disease low dose ionising radiation data analyses
Creators: name: Gola, Anna
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2012

description: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in many developing and developed countries. This dissertation proposes a framework for gaining a greater understanding of the inflammatory process that is thought to result in the development of atherosclerosis and effects of radiation on the subsequent cardiovascular disease through statistical analysis and mathematical modelling of this process. The potential effect of low dose radiation in atherosclerotic initiation and progression is assessed utilising data on inflammatory markers and plaque development generated by European and Canadian researchers collected as part of the EU NOTE Project. Following suggestions from previous in vitro and in vivo experimental data, the hypothesis under consideration is that at low doses and dose rates there is a largely antiinflammatory response. Implications of this for induction of atherosclerosis after low dose and low dose-rate exposure are assessed. Two and three dimensional reaction-diffusion models of the cardiovascular system are constructed. These are used to assess perturbations of equilibrium and non-equilibrium states. Inferences for low dose mechanisms in the light of much biological and epidemiological data are considered. Chapter 1 serves as an introduction, describing the aetiology of atherosclerosis, a complex disease with many routes to initiation and progression, as well as environmental, biochemical, genetic and mechanical risk factors. This chapter surveys the extensive literature on the subject. Effects of radiation and mechanisms of cardiovascular injury are likewise assessed and the findings from various epidemiological and animal studies along with statistical considerations are discussed. Chapter 2 gives an overview of mathematical models of cardiovascular disease, and how they may illuminate the structure and evolution of CVD from various perspectives; this chapter outlines challenges in using mathematics as a tool for analysing this complex process. Chapter 3 proposes a spatial reaction diffusion model for atherosclerosis and provides a general framework for modelling early stage disease. Numerical implementation of the equations is performed based on parameter values derived from the biological and epidemiological literature. Chapter 4 considers the association between low dose radiation, inflammation and plaque development and progression by conducting statistical analysis utilising data on ApoE-null, ApoE-heterozygote and wild-type mice and discussing the biological pathways. Chapter 5 concludes. Certain auxiliary figures and tables (largely relating to chapters3 and 4) are presented in the appendix, while definitions for various biological and statistical terms utilized throughout are provided in the glossary at the end.
STRUCTURAL INSIGHTS INTO THE MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF THE RECOGNITION OF LIPID-BASED ANTIGENS BY NATURAL KILLER T CELL RECEPTORS
Creators: name: PRAVEENA THIRUNAVUKKARASU
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biochemistry
Molecular Biology

description: This research focused on one kind of immune cells called Natural Killer T cells. Natural killer T cells play an important role in regulating immune responses in conditions like infection, allergy, asthma and cancer. In this PhD, a new population of Natural killer T cells was identified that could be activated by a drug presently in clinical trials for treating various forms of cancer. With the help of cutting edge technology like X-ray crystallography, the interaction between the Natural Killer T cell and the drug is understood at their atomic level that would aid in designing new therapeutic agents for treating various human diseases.
Identifikation von Einflussfaktoren für die Umsetzung von Crisis Ressource Management Prinzipien in der Notfall- und Rettungsmedizin
Creators: name: Zähringer, Stephan
Publisher: name: Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz FHNW
Year: 2016

description: Die vorliegende Masterarbeit befasst sich in 202’908 Zeichen inklusive Lehrschlägen mit der Identifikation von Faktoren, welche die Umsetzung von Crisis Ressource Management Prinzipien in der Notfall- und Rettungsmedizin beeinflussen. Die Masterthesis wurde in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Schweizer Institut für Rettungsmedizin (SIRMED) erstellt und prüft mit einem zweischichtigen Forschungsdesign, ob die Crisis Ressource Management Prinzipien im Arbeitsalltag auf Notfallabteilungen und in Rettungsdiensten umgesetzt werden. Mit den Erkenntnissen von Einflussfaktoren und der Alltagsumsetzung von CRM-Skills wurden Gestaltungsmassnahmen abgeleitet, welche zur Verbesserung des Trainings im Bereich CRM führen und einen Beitrag zur generellen Erhöhung der Patientensicherheit bei schweizerischen Rettungsdiensten und medizinischen Notfallorganisationen leisten sollen.
title: Ändert sich die Genauigkeit des Micro-Ultrasounds mit der Prostatalokalisation?
Creators: name: Luger, F.
name: Gusenleitner, A.
name: Kaar, J.
name: Mayr, C.
name: Loidl, W.
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Einleitung: PRIMUS™ (Prostate Risk Identification for Micro-Ultrasound) ist ein evidence-based risk assessment Score welcher entwickelt wurde um suspekte Areale in der Prostata im Rahmen einer TRUS Untersuchung zu visualisieren. Hierbei wird mit einer Ultraschallfrequenz von 29 MHz gearbeitet[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 46. Gemeinsame Tagung der Bayerischen Urologenvereinigung und der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Urologie und Andrologie
THE COST OF JUSTICE, IN THE LIGHT OF MODERN MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES AND BEHAVIORAL ANALYSIS OF LAW
Creators: name: BENJAMIN MIRANDA TABAK
name: FABYANO ALBERTO STALSCHMIDT PRESTES
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: The State must be efficient in all forms of public services, seeking to better serve the population and demonstrating how public resources are being used. Thus, this material presents a reflection on the current system of legal costs and brings a new approach to the judicial fees, in a way that does not cause financial loss to the State, increase investments in the infrastructure of the Judiciary, and, consequently, improve the delivery of this important service. We argue through the deductive methodology that the proposal of this new model is feasible and provides benefits to the Brazilian legal system.
Revistas superpuestas (overlay journals) y repositorios de preprints: una ruta hacia la coordinación entre infraestructuras abiertas
Creators: name: Lujano, Ivonne
name: Directory of Open Access Journals
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: scholarly publications
overlay journals
academic journals
preprints

description: Presentation at Conexión Crossref Bogotá 24
Investigations into the mechanisms underlying HIV-1 gp120-associated neurotoxicity
Creators: name: Moss, Philippa
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2012

description: HIV-associated distal sensory polyneuropathy is a frequent (~40% prevalence) complication of HIV infection and treatment. It is characterised by a dying back pattern of axonal degeneration, predominantly of nociceptors usually accompanied by neuropathic pain. The HIV envelope glycoprotein, gp120, has recently been identified as a key mediator of axonal degeneration both in vitro and in vivo. We hypothesised that gp120 interacts, in a chemokine receptor-dependant manner, with primary sensory neurons either directly or indirectly via macrophages and/or Schwann cells. Neurite outgrowth of cultured adult rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) cells was used to assess direct or indirect neurotoxicity. Gp120 induced concentration-dependent neurite degeneration 24h after exposure, which was not restricted to phenotypic subsets of DRG cells. However, gp120 localisation studies indicated that only a minority (approx. 10%) of neurons internalised gp120 before the onset of neurite degeneration suggesting that the direct toxicity was not a predominant mechanism. Therefore, indirect mechanisms of neurotoxicity were investigated. Application of gp120-conditioned macrophage or Schwann cell media to DRG neuronal cultures revealed that gp120-conditioned media also had the capacity to induce neurite degeneration. Using qPCR it was shown that 4hr exposure to gp120 increased transcription of cytokine–related genes, in cultured Schwann cells and macrophages. These gp120-mediated effects were then explored in vivo. The cytokine expression profiles 4hrs following intradermal gp120 injection in rats were similar to the gene upregulation observed in vitro. These findings highlight the complexity of gp120-mediated mechanisms and indicate that macrophages and Schwann cells may play a key indirect role in the pathogenesis of HIV-associated peripheral neuropathy.
Genomic copy number alterations in poorly differentiated breast cancer
Creators: name: Oliveros Delgado, Sileida Yunexy
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2011

description: This project was designed to assess clinical and biological parameters of prognosis in high grade breast cancer (BC). The first approach aimed to define Clinicoepidemiological parameters associated with poor survival in a retrospective BC cohort of 1339 non-metastatic patients presenting at Singleton Hospital, South Wales, UK. Median follow-up was 5.4 years (range 0.09-10.14 years). Results of this analysis supported the role of histological grade (HG) as a prognostic factor and a tumour classifier. HG stood as one of the main variables associated with OS, DDFS and DFS with only N3 disease conferring worse prognosis. This analysis contributed with clinical information and survival data required for sample selection for subsequent comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH) studies. Array Comparative genomic hybridisation (aCGH) was performed in 78 cases (67 HG3 and 11 HG2) cases aiming to identify copy number alterations (CNA) associated with poor survival. aCGH protocol optimisation was required to obtain reproducible results and a new simplified aCGH protocol was described. A region of chromosomal gain in Chromosome 5 (5q35.1 to 5q35.2) was significantly associated with Cancer-specific survival (CSS; FDR<0.2). DUSP-1 and MSX2 genes were among those candidate genes validated In-silico for poorer prognosis in BC. FINALLY, THE ISSUE OF TAMOXIFEN RESISTANCE WAS ADDRESSED BY ATTEMPTING TO IDENTIFY CNA IN OESTROGEN RECEPTOR (ER) POSITIVE/TAMOXIFEN TREATED PATIENTS ASSOCIATED WITH EARLY RELAPSE/DEATH ≤5 YEARS (TAMRG) COMPARED WITH A SUB-GROUP OF PATIENTS ALIVE AND WELL AFTER 5 YEARS ON FOLLOW-UP (TAMCG). A REGION OF GAIN ON CHROMOSOME 7 (188219-6234052) WAS ASSOCIATED WITH TMACG (P:0.05) WHICH WAS ALSO ASSOCIATED WITH SIGNIFICANT OVER-EXPRESSION OF SNX8 USING IN-SILICO VALIDATION IN LOI ET AL DATASET. RESULTS FROM THIS STUDY CONTRIBUTE TOWARDS THE IDENTIFICATION OF CANDIDATE PROGNOSTIC GENES IN BC. BIOLOGICAL VALIDATION OF THESE RESULTS IS RECOMMENDED. FURTHER RESEARCH IS NEEDED TO ASSESS THE FUNCTIONAL RELEVANCE OF THESE CANDIDATE GENES.
0272 "Iussu patris"? Prolegomena on Form and Function of Women Artists’ Signatures in the Early Modern Period
Creators: name: Vitali, Samuel
Publisher: name: RIHA Journal
Year: 2022

description: This article aims to give for the first time an overview of the form and function of women artists’ signatures in early modern Europe, with a particular focus on Italy. Through an analysis of the frequency with which women artists signed their works as well as the iconic and textual form of the inscriptions, it establishes a number of peculiarities that distinguish female from male signing practice. It attempts then to explain these differences by the specific sociocultural conditions under which artistic activity by women was possible and accepted. The central thesis is that the frequency and particular textual form of women’s signatures were prompted by the special interest of patrons and collectors in works created by female artists. Rather than an expression of their authors’ self-assurance as artists in a field dominated by men, as earlier scholarship tended to assume, the characteristics of female signing practice were often an index of their limited autonomy.
description: RIHA Journal, 2022: RIHA Journal
Role of Gut Microbiome-Host Metabolic Interactions in Metabolic Diseases
Creators: name: Mestdagh, Renaud
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2012

description: The metabolic phenotype of any complex organism is dependent on a complex series of host and gut microbial gene (microbiome) interactions with diet. The microbiome itself can be affected by environmental factors such as stress, exposure to xenobiotics, lifestyle, and alterations in the mammalian-microbial-metabolic axis are associated with changes in disease factors. To understand further the impact of the commensal microbiota on the host metabolism, germ-free (GF) animals, inoculated with individual bacterial strains or complex microbiota, and conventional mice were characterised using 1H NMR spectroscopy and UPLC-MS-based metabolic profiling approaches, and by recording the physiological and immunological parameters. Higher systemic level of (D)-3-hydroxybutyrate and lower levels of circulating VLDL were observed in GF compared to conventional animals, indicating that the absence of gut microbiota stimulated lipolysis while it inhibited hepatic lipogenesis. Subsequently, the best inoculation procedure was obtained by inoculating single bacterial strains into individual animals followed by allowing the animals to exchange their microbes. Metabolic fingerprints showed that a 9 bacteria community is more able to regulate lipoprotein and circulating lipid levels compared to a 3 bacteria community. The origin of the inocula (mouse or human) impacts differently on the host metabolism since humanised mice were strongly disturbed (higher plasma triglyceride level) and displayed metabolic profiles similar to GF mice. Conversely, mouse-associated animals were physiologically, immunologically and metabolically similar to conventional animals. Finally, metabolic profiles and gut microbiota composition were statistically regressed and helped to identify specific bacteria, such as Ruminococcus lactaris and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and their putative role in the host homeostasis. To conclude, these results confirmed the influence of gut microbes on the host physiology and metabolism. This PhD thesis provides new insights into the role of gut bacteria to understand the microbial-related mechanisms that participate in the host lipid metabolism, potentially leading to development of obesity.
Erklärungsvideo Antibiotikaresistenzen - Lebensmittel
Creators: name: Freivogel, Claudia
name: Visschers, Vivianne
Publisher: name: Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz FHNW
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 150 - Psychologie
subject: 610 - Medizin und Gesundheit
subject: 630 - Landwirtschaft, Veterinärmedizin

description: Erklärungsvideo für Konsument*Innen über die Verbreitung antimikrobieller Resiztenzen durch den Kontakt mit Lebensmitteln und Haustieren. Das Video zeigt welche Massnahmen ergriffen werden können, um die Übertragung resistenter Keimen zu reduzieren. Das Video wurde zusammen mit Pascale Küng, Claudia Wirth, Vanessa Feck und Stefan Holaus entwickelt. Educational video for consumers about the transmission of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria through food handling and pet care. The video explains behavioral measures that prevent the spread of resistant bacteria. The video was developed together with Pascale Küng, Claudia Wirth, Vanessa Feck and Stefan Holaus.
The Role of Monocytes in Sepsis-Associated Pulmonary Microvascular Injury
Creators: name: Dokpesi, Justina Omosomi
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2011

description: Although monocyte margination to the lungs is enhanced during endotoxemia, little is known of their role in sepsis-associated acute lung injury (ALI). Moreover, monocytes exists as two functionally distinct subsets ‘inflammatory’ Gr-1high and ‘resident’ Gr-1low, which exhibit heterogeneous inflammatory responses upon LPS stimulation both in vivo and in vitro but, the signalling mechanisms regulating their differential responses are unknown. The objective of this research was to define the role of monocyte-endothelial interactions during pulmonary microvascular injury, in response to LPS challenge, using an in vitro monocyte-endothelial coculture model. The specific aims were to: establish a primary lung endothelial cell line culture; investigate priming and enhancement of monocyte pro-inflammatory response; investigate the role of the p38 MAPK pathway in the differential monocyte subset cytokine response, and investigate the role of LPS-mediated TLR4 signalling for monocyte-endothelial reciprocal activation. Primary mouse lung endothelial cells (MLEC), that were successfully cultured, displayed typical morphological and phenotypic properties of the vascular endothelium. During coculture with MLEC, monocytes produced significantly higher levels of TNF when treated with a single high dose of LPS when compared with monocytes cultured alone. Also, upon LPS stimulation, Gr-1high monocytes expressed significantly higher levels of TNF, IL-6, COX-2, and iNOS in comparison to Gr-1low monocytes. Furthermore, significantly higher levels of p38, a critical regulator of inflammatory cytokines, were induced in Gr-1high monocytes in comparison to Gr-1low monocytes. Finally, using a chimeric system of TLR4+/+ (LPS responsive) and TLR4-/- (LPS unresponsive) monocytes and endothelial cells, it was demonstrated that monocytes could activate endothelial cells through TNF-dependent signalling, while endothelial cells could induce TNF production in monocytes. These data indicate an important role for monocytes, especially the Gr-1high subset in the pathogenesis of ALI, and suggest that the p38 MAPK pathway could play a pivotal role in regulating monocyte-induced pulmonary inflammation during sepsis-associated ALI.
Regional knowledge spillovers: a firm-based analysis of non-linear effects
Creators: name: Carreira, Carlos
name: Lopes, Luís
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: This paper revisits the question of the role of knowledge externalities in firm productivity. It also addresses the overlooked issue of a plausible non-linear effect and differences among industries. Using a panel of Portuguese manufacturing firms, it finds that regional knowledge spillovers differ substantially across industries and they are non-linear, which is critical issue to promoting more assertive regional policies.
title: Einfluss der MRT/TRUS Fusionsbiopsie auf die Detektion klinisch signifikanter Prostatakarzinome
Creators: name: Mangold, A.
name: Brummeisl, W.
name: Siokou, F. S.
name: Jandl, L. M.
name: Ganzer, R.
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Einleitung: Durch die wachsende Bedeutung des mp MRTs nimmt die MRT/TRUS Fusionsbiopsie einen festen Stellenwert bei der Prostatakarzinomdiagnostik ein. Wir untersuchten den Stellenwert der Fusionsbiopsie mit dem Trinity® – System bei der Detektion klinisch signifikanter Prostatakarzinome[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 46. Gemeinsame Tagung der Bayerischen Urologenvereinigung und der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Urologie und Andrologie
Gig work business process improvement
Creators: name: Pustulka, Elzbieta
name: Telesko, Rainer
name: Hanne, Thomas
Publisher: name: CPS
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: sentiment analysis
subject: Business Process Modeling and Notation
subject: business process improvement
subject: gig work
subject: 330 - Wirtschaft

description: We collaborate with a gig work platform company (GPC) in Switzerland. The project aims to improve the business by influencing process management within the GPC, providing automated matching of jobs to workers, improving worker acquisition and worker commitment, and particularly focusing on the prevention of no shows. One expects to achieve financial, organizational and efficiency gains. As research tools we use a combination of text mining and sentiment analysis, Business Process Modeling and Notation (BPMN), interviews with workers and employers, and the design of sociotechnical improvements to the process, including platform improvements and prototypes. Here, we focus on the successful combination of BPMN modelling with sentiment analysis in the identification of problems and generation of ideas for future modifications to the business processes.
title: Changing Precipitation Patterns in Sub-Saharan Africa: Climate Change and its Impacts on Ecosystems and Economies
Creators: name: Romero, Carlos F.
Publisher: name: University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2021

description: For decades, international scientific organizations like the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) have concluded that human activity, such as deforestation and carbon emissions, are causing the Earth's climate to change. Many climate models show that one of the most robust responses to climate change are regional changes to the hydrological cycle which includes precipitation and evaporation. These changes include increases in droughts, extreme precipitation events, precipitation variability, and floods. These impacts are not expected to occur uniformly in space and time; Sub-Saharan Africa is generally agreed upon as one of the regions most vulnerable to such impacts, as well as one of the most understudied. This study aims to investigate spatial changes in precipitation that can be expected in the region by the end of the century (2071-2100) using observational data from the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC), and simulations from the Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2) Our research includes examination of observed trends, a comparison between the model and observations, and predictions about future precipitation changes under two different Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP's). Our research showed that CESM2 was effective at simulating precipitation trends that were comparable to observations, with realistic predictions of precipitation over continents and good accountability for seasonality. Additionally, CESM2 showed that different parts of the continent could become drier, wetter, or remain the same, under both SSPs, and we identify some of the implications that these changes could have on those who live there, such as increasing food insecurity and poverty.
Housing and the Social Investment State: An Underestimated Relationship
Creators: name: Drilling, Matthias
name: Negash, Semhar
name: Wagaw, Berihun
Publisher: name: Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz FHNW
Year: 2021
Subjects: social investment
neighbourhood
refugees
housing
Eritrea
Ethiopia
welfare state

description: The concept of the social investment state is currently the guiding concept for transforming the European welfare states. With the objective of “preparing instead of repairing” and its outstanding significance of the labour market, it is a marked counter-project to the Keynesian-Beveridge paradigm where welfare is provided through a (re)distributive lens of compensations. Instead, Europe is continuously transforming the educational programmes, family friendly policies etc. towards a labour market oriented regime that subordinates social policy. This paper discusses the role of housing and neighbourhood: the social investment approach does not position this policy field extensively, which means that it does not attach any importance to housing. This understanding is criticized in this article using the example of forced migration. It is argued that housing is a central pillar for achieving the goals of the social investment state. Not investing in housing accordingly can be interpreted a failure of the social investment approach.
Supplementary Material for: Long Noncoding RNA FAL1 Promotes Cell Proliferation, Invasion and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Through the PTEN/AKT Signaling Axis in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Creators: name: Pan, C.
name: Yao, G.
name: Liu, B.
name: Ma, T.
name: Xia, Y.
name: Wei, K.
name: Wang, J.
name: Xu, J.
name: Chen, L.
name: Chen, Y.
Publisher: name: Karger Publishers
Year: 2017
Subjects: Medicine

description: Background/Aims: Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been found to have many biological effects in different cancer stages. Several studies have revealed that focally amplified lncRNA on chromosome 1 (FAL1) regulates cancer progression via p21. However, the expression and mechanism of FAL1 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) still remain unclear. Methods: We detected the FAL1 level in NSCLC tissues and in established cell lines using quantitative real-time PCR and evaluated the clinical significance. FAL1 was silenced or overexpressed using siRNA or lentivirus to study whether FAL1 affected cell proliferation, invasion and migration. Xenograft growth and pulmonary metastasis were observed using nude mouse models. The mechanisms were explored with western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Results: FAL1 was significantly overexpressed in NSCLC compared with adjacent normal tissues, and a high level of FAL1 correlated with poor histological grade, increased lymph node metastasis and advanced TNM stage. Loss- and gain-of-function experiments in vitroverified that knockdown of FAL1 inhibited cell proliferation, invasion, migration and EMT via the PTEN/AKT pathway. Furthermore, an in vivo assay confirmed that overexpression of FAL1 facilitated tumor growth and metastasis. Conclusion: FAL1 may promote tumorigenesis and progression of NSCLC through the PTEN/AKT axis, which could lead to lncRNA-related diagnostics and therapeutics in NSCLC.
Additional file 2 of Post-infection functional gastrointestinal disorders following coronavirus disease-19: a prospective follow-up cohort study
Creators: name: Zhang, Daya
name: Chen, Chen
name: Xie, Yunqian
name: Zeng, Fan
name: Chen, Shiju
name: Chen, Runxiang
name: Zhang, Xiaodong
name: Huang, Shimei
name: Li, Da
name: Bai, Feihu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Supplementary Material 2
Supplementary Material for: The Implications of Recent Recommendations for Managing Patients with Psoriasis Treated with Fumaric Acid Esters
Creators: name: Foley, C.C.
name: Molloy, O.E.
name: Lally, A.
name: Kirby, B.
Publisher: name: Karger Publishers
Year: 2017
Subjects: Medicine

description: Background/Aims: Fumaric acid esters (FAEs) are a well-established efficacious systemic treatment for psoriasis. Recent recommendations from the European Medicines Agency suggest monitoring of full blood count every 4 weeks for the duration of therapy for psoriasis. The aim of our study was to assess the incidence of lymphopenia in patients taking FAEs and the impact of recent recommendations for our practice. Methods: We reviewed 151 patients treated with FAEs for psoriasis between December 2013 and 2015. Results: Lymphopenia <700 × 109/L was detected within the last 12 months in 36/151 (24%) and lymphopenia <500 × 109/L in 10/151 (7%). Of 39 patients no longer on treatment, 7 (18%) stopped because of persistent lymphopenia. Conclusion: The implementation of these recommendations would have significant resource implications and also likely influence the acceptability of FAEs to patients. Cessation of FAEs necessitates the need for alternative therapy, commonly biologic therapy.
Re-using bauxite residues: benefits beyond (critical raw) material recovery
Creators: name: Ujaczki, Eva
name: Feigl, Victoria
name: Molnar, Monika
name: Cusack, Patricia
name: Curtin, Teresa
name: Courtney, Ronan
name: Ronan, Lisa
name: Davris, Panagiotis
name: Hugi, Christoph
name: Evangelou, Michael
name: Balomenos, Efthymios
name: Lenz, Markus
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2018
Subjects: waste treatment and waste minimization
hydrometallurgy
life-cycle assessment (LSA)
metals recovery
sustainable processing

description: Since the world economy has been confronted with an increasing risk of supply shortages of critical raw materials (CRMs), there has been a major interest in identifying alternative secondary sources of CRMs. Bauxite residues from alumina production are available at a multi-million tonnes scale worldwide. So far, attempts have been made to find alternative re-use applications for bauxite residues, for instance in cement / pig iron production. However, bauxite residues also constitute an untapped secondary source of CRMs. Depending on their geological origin and processing protocol, bauxite residues can contain considerable amounts of valuable elements. The obvious primary consideration for CRM recovery from such residues is the economic value of the materials contained. However, there are further benefits from re-use of bauxite residues in general, and from CRM recovery in particular. These go beyond monetary values (e.g. reduced investment / operational costs resulting from savings in disposal). For instance, benefits for the environment and health can be achieved by abatement of tailing storage as well as by reduction of emissions from conventional primary mining. Whereas certain tools (e.g. life-cycle analysis) can be used to quantify the latter, other benefits (in particular sustained social and technological development) are harder to quantify. This review evaluates strategies of bauxite residue re-use / recycling and identifies associated benefits beyond elemental recovery. Furthermore, methodologies to translate risks and benefits into quantifiable data are discussed. Ultimately, such quantitative data are a prerequisite for facilitating decision-making regarding bauxite residue re-use / recycling and a stepping stone towards developing a zero-waste alumina production process.
Characterisation of the Up-stream components in the stretch-induced ERK-1/2 MAP kinase cascade in Human Myometrial Cells
Creators: name: Cryar, Benjamin Joseph
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2011

description: The mechanisms underlying stretch-induced signalling in the human myometrium are poorly understood. Previous work in the group has demonstrated that in vitro stretch of human myometrial cells leads to increased expression of the pro-labour factors COX-2 and IL-8 via activation of the ERK-1/2 MAPK cascade, however the identities of components upstream in this pathway have yet to be elucidated. I over expressed constitutively active Ras in human myometrial cells, leading to increased ERK-1/2 phosphorylation and elevated COX-2 and IL-8 mRNA expression. I then inhibited Ras using both the chemical inhibitor manumycin A and transfection with dominant-negative mutant Ras. Each resulted in decreased ERK-1/2 phosphorylation and COX-2 expression in response to stretch. I performed immunoprecipitations to investigate which factors associated with Ras and found that stretch increased its association with SOS-1 and Grb-2. I then confirmed that Grb-2 was essential for the propagation of the stretch signal to ERK-1/2 by using siRNA to silence Grb- 2 and found that this resulted in decreased phosphorylation of ERK-1/2 and COX-2 and IL-8 protein synthesis. Silencing of SOS-1 decreased COX-2 protein expression but had little effect on ERK-1/2 phosphorylation. I then investigated the role of FAK, a constituent of stretch sensing focal adhesions, in the transduction of the stretch signal. First I used the inhibitors Y-27632 and PF-573,228, however neither inhibited the stretch-induced increase in ERK-1/2 phosphorylation or COX-2 and IL-8 mRNA expression In contrast, using siRNA to silence FAK expression reduced both the stretch-induced increase in ERK-1/2 phosphorylation and COX-2 and IL-8 protein synthesis. Moreover, transfection with dominant-negative FRNK reduced ERK-1 phosphorylation and COX-2 protein synthesis. Cells were also treated with the Src family kinase inhibitor PP-2 resulting in a decrease in stretch-induced ERK-1/2 phosphorylation and COX-2 protein synthesis. These data suggest that Ras, Grb-2 and FAK all act upstream of ERK-1/2 to mediate stretchinduced up-regulation of COX-2 and IL-8 in human myometrial cells, the role of SOS-1 is less clear, but also appears to be involved in stretch-induced expression of COX-2.
Additional file 3 of Clinical characteristics and risk factors of 47 cases with ruptured neuroblastoma in children
Creators: name: Qin, Hong
name: Yang, Shen
name: Cai, Siyu
name: Ren, Qinghua
name: Han, Wei
name: Yang, Wei
name: Cheng, Haiyan
name: Ma, Xiaoli
name: Wang, Huanmin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Neuroscience
Biotechnology
Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer
Hematology
Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3: Supplementary Table 1. Multivariate logistic regression analysis.
title: Der Wert der systematischen Biopsie im Bereich der ROI im Rahmen der transrektalen Fusionsbiopsie der Prostata
Creators: name: Koch, D.
name: Blana, A.
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Fragestellung: Kann die systematische Biopsie im Bereich der ROI des mpMRTs in der transrektalen Fusionsbiopsie weggelassen werden, ohne klinisch signifikante Tumore zu übersehen? Patienten und Methode: Es wurden 102 Läsionen ≥ PIRADS 3 (Version 2) von 62 Patienten retrospektiv[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 46. Gemeinsame Tagung der Bayerischen Urologenvereinigung und der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Urologie und Andrologie
Investigation of the mechanisms of acute lung injury, using an isolated perfused mouse lung
Creators: name: Wakabayashi, Kenji
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2012

description: Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe inflammatory lung disease with high mortality. Previous studies revealed several important concepts in ALI, including cellular interaction between lung-marginated leukocytes and pulmonary endothelium, and decompartmentalisation of soluble mediators. However, there are inherent limitations within both in vivo and in vitro models to identify the detailed mechanism underlying these concepts. In this PhD project, we attempted to address these unanswered questions, using an in situ isolated perfused mouse lung (IPL). Specifically, we aimed to 1) develop, characterise, and optimise the mouse IPL model; 2) investigate soluble and cellular aspects of two models of ALI that are particularly amenable to study using the IPL, namely ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) and ischaemia-reperfusion injury. From a physiological viewpoint, VILI consists of 2 primary components, high-stretch and atelectasis. Modelling atelectasis-related injury in vivo is difficult due to negative pleural pressure. We took advantage of the zero pleural pressure of open-chest IPL system to develop an atelectasis-related VILI model. Comparison of this ‘atelectrauma’ and a high-stretch ‘volutrauma’ model demonstrated that both cause lung oedema and pulmonary inflammation, but the inflammatory impact was different between them. Volutrauma, but not atelectrauma, facilitated systemic cytokine release, in which lung-marginated monocytes seem to play an important role. This finding in the VILI model drove us to further investigate the role of these monocytes in an ischaemia-reperfusion model, which is clinically highly relevant and simulates a lung transplantation setting. Our results suggested that lung-marginated monocytes may also contribute to develop ischaemia-reperfusion injury, potentially involving TNF upregulation. Through this PhD project, we have successfully developed a technically very challenging mouse IPL model. We utilised the unique features of the IPL to develop experimental models that we believe will be strong tools to fill the gap between in vivo physiological significance and in vitro mechanistic understanding.