cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Dietary Patterns and Cognitive Decline among Chinese Older Adults
Creators: name: Mendez, M.A.
name: Adair, L.S.
name: Edwards, L.J.
name: Plassman, B.L.
name: Qin, B.
name: Popkin, B.M.
name: Batis, C.
Publisher: name: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
Year: 2015

description: Background: Prospective evidence of associations of dietary patterns with cognitive decline is limited and inconsistent. We examined how cognitive changes among Chinese older adults relate to either an adapted Mediterranean diet score or factor analysis-derived dietary patterns. Methods: This prospective cohort study comprised 1,650 adults ≥55 years of age, who completed a cognitive screening test at two or more waves of the China Health and Nutrition Survey in 1997, 2000, or 2004. Outcomes were repeated measures of global cognitive scores, composite cognitive z scores (standardized units [SU]), and standardized verbal memory scores (SU). Baseline diet was measured by 24-hour recalls over 3 days. We used linear mixed effects models to evaluate how changes in cognitive scores were associated with adapted Mediterranean diet score and two dietary pattern scores derived from factor analysis. Results: Among adults ≥65 years of age, compared with participants in the lowest tertile of adapted Mediterranean diet, those in the highest tertile had a slower rate of cognitive decline (difference in mean SU change/year β = 0.042; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.002, 0.081). A wheat-based diverse diet derived by factor analysis shared features of the adapted Mediterranean diet, with the top tertile associated with slower annual decline in global cognitive function (β = 0.069 SU/year; 95% CI: 0.023, 0.114). We observed no associations among adults <65 years of age. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that an adapted Mediterranean diet or a wheat-based, diverse diet with similar components may reduce the rate of cognitive decline in later life in the Chinese population.
High redshift JWST predictions from IllustrisTNG: III. Infrared luminosity functions, obscured star formation and dust temperature of high-redshift galaxies
Creators: name: Shen, Xuejian
name: Vogelsberger, Mark
name: Nelson, Dylan
name: Tacchella, Sandro
name: Hernquist, Lars
name: Springel, Volker
name: Marinacci, Federico
name: Torrey, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We post-process galaxies in the IllustrisTNG simulations with SKIRT radiative transfer calculations to make predictions for the rest-frame near-infrared (NIR) and far-infrared (FIR) properties of galaxies at $z\geq 4$. The rest-frame $K$- and $z$-band galaxy luminosity functions from TNG are overall consistent with observations, despite a $\sim 0.5\,\mathrm{dex}$ underprediction at $z=4$ for $M_{\rm K}\lesssim -25$ and $M_{\rm z}\lesssim -24$. Predictions for the JWST MIRI observed galaxy luminosity functions and number counts are given. Based on theoretical estimations, we show that the next-generation survey conducted by JWST can detect 500 (30) galaxies in F1000W in a survey area of $500\,{\rm arcmin}^{2}$ at $z=6$ ($z=8$). As opposed to the consistency in the UV, optical and NIR, we find that TNG, combined with our dust modelling choices, significantly underpredicts the abundance of most dust-obscured and thus most luminous FIR galaxies. As a result, the obscured cosmic star formation rate density (SFRD) and the SFRD contributed by optical/NIR dark objects are underpredicted. The discrepancies discovered here could provide new constraints on the sub-grid feedback models, or the dust contents, of simulations. Meanwhile, although the TNG predicted dust temperature and its relations with IR luminosity and redshift are qualitatively consistent with observations, the peak dust temperature of $z\geq 6$ galaxies are overestimated by about $20\,{\rm K}$. This could be related to the limited mass resolution of our simulations to fully resolve the porosity of the interstellar medium (or specifically its dust content) at these redshifts.
description: Accepted by MNRAS
Impact of lipid-based nutrient supplementation (LNS) on children's diet adequacy in Western Uganda
Creators: name: Ickes, S.B.
name: Thirumurthy, H.
name: Adair, L.S.
name: Myhre, J.A.
name: Brahe, C.A.
name: Bentley, M.E.
name: Ammerman, A.S.
name: Charles, B.
Publisher: name: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Year: 2015

description: Lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNS) can help treat undernutrition; however, the dietary adequacy of children supplemented with LNS, and household utilisation patterns are not well understood. We assessed diet adequacy and the quality of complementary foods by conducting a diet assessment of 128 Ugandan children, ages 6-59 months, who participated in a 10-week programme for children with moderate acute malnutrition (MAM, defined as weight-for-age z-score<-2). Caregivers were given a weekly ration of 650kcalday-1 (126gday-1) of a peanut/soy LNS. Two 24-h dietary recalls were administered per child. LNS was offered to 86% of targeted children at least once. Among non-breastfed children, over 90% met their estimated average requirement (EAR) cut-points for all examined nutrients. Over 90% of breastfed children met EAR cut-points for nutrient density for most nutrients, except for zinc where 11.7% met cut-points. A lower proportion of both breastfed and non-breastfed children met adjusted EARs for the specific nutritional needs of MAM. Fewer than 20% of breastfed children met EAR nutrient-density guidelines for MAM for zinc, vitamin C, vitamin A and folate. Underweight status, the presence of a father in the child's home, and higher programme attendance were all associated with greater odds of feeding LNS to targeted children. Children in this community-based supplemental feeding programme who received a locally produced LNS exhibited substantial micronutrient deficiencies given the special dietary needs of this population. These results can help inform programme strategies to improve LNS targeting, and highlight potential nutrient inadequacies for consumers of LNS in community-based settings.
Response to the letter by Gedela
Creators: name: Tembo, M.
name: Parker, M.E.
name: Bentley, M.E.
name: Adair, L.S.
name: Flax, V.L.
name: Piwoz, E.G.
Publisher: name: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Year: 2015

description: The letter to the editor submitted by Gedela (2013) in response to Parker et al. 2013 allows us to revisit the issue of infant formula distribution to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-exposed infants and children in resource-poor settings. The letter’s author advocates for the distribution of donated, almost-expired, ready-made, fortified formula to infants of HIV-infected mothers as a malnutrition prevention strategy following weaning and as a nutritional milk supplement or as a malnutrition treatment strategy for children older than 2 years of age.While we agree that creative solutions to the challenge of safely feeding HIV-exposed infants are urgently needed, the use of formula for these purposes is contrary to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines on HIV and infant feeding (WHO 2010), which many African countries have taken measures to implement. Furthermore, evidence suggests that targeted distribution of formula is impractical, contributes to unsafe feeding practices, and subsequently increases child morbidity and mortality (WHO Collaborative Study Team 2000; Linkages 2004; Coovadia et al. 2007; WHO 2010; Doherty et al. 2011).
Khovanov homology and strong inversions
Creators: name: Kotelskiy, Artem
name: Watson, Liam
name: Zibrowius, Claudius
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57K18

description: There is a one-to-one correspondence between strong inversions on knots in the three-sphere and a special class of four-ended tangles. We compute the reduced Khovanov homology of such tangles for all strong inversions on knots with up to 9 crossings, and discuss these computations in the context of earlier work by the second author. In particular, we provide a counterexample to [Conjecture 29, arXiv:1311.1085] as well as a refinement of and additional evidence for [Conjecture 28, arXiv:1311.1085].
description: 15 pages, 8 colour figures
Interactive effects of early exclusive breastfeeding and pre-pregnancy maternal weight status on young children's BMI -a Chinese birth cohort
Creators: name: Zhang, J.
name: Guo, B.
name: Adair, L.
name: Mei, H.
name: Liang, X.
name: Yin, B.
name: Thompson, A.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2015

description: Objectives To assess if the maternal pre-pregnancy weight status (MPWS) alters the association of early infant feeding pattern (at one and third months) with infant body mass index (BMI) in the first two years of life. Methods A cohort of 2,220 neonates were recruited in a community-based study conducted in China. Body weight and length were measured at birth, at age one and two, with BMI calculated accordingly. The BMI z-scores (BMI-Z) were computed according to the World Health Organization Growth Standard (2006). Feeding patterns were classified as exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), mixed feeding (MF), and formula feeding (FF). General linear models (GLM) were employed to estimate main and interaction effects of EBF and MPWS on children's BMI-Z. Results No main effect of MPWS was found on child BMI-Z at ages one and two, nor the feeding patterns. An interaction between MPWS and feeding patterns was detected (p<0.05). For children who were formula fed during the first month, those who were born to overweight/ obesity (OW/OB) mothers had a significantly greater BMI-Z at ages one and two, compared with those with underweight/normal weight (UW/NW) mothers. FF children had greater BMI-Z at ages one and two compared with their EBF and MF counterparts, when they were born to OW/OB mothers. Conclusions Maternal pre-pregnancy weight control and early initiation of EBF for children are essential for healthy development in children's BMI, hence the prevention of early life obesity.
Nanoplasmonic electron acceleration by attosecond-controlled forward rescattering in silver clusters
Creators: name: Passig, Johannes
name: Zherebtsov, Sergey
name: Irsig, Robert
name: Arbeiter, Mathias
name: Peltz, Christian
name: Göde, Sebastian
name: Skruszewicz, Slawomir
name: Meiwes-Broer, Karl-Heinz
name: Tiggesbäumker, Josef
name: Kling, Matthias F.
name: Fennel, Thomas
Publisher: name: [London] : Nature Publishing Group UK
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: acceleration
subject: cluster analysis
subject: electric field
subject: electron
subject: kinetic energy
subject: laser method
subject: nanotechnology
subject: scattering
subject: silver
subject: trajectory
subject: 500
subject: 530

description: In the strong-field photoemission from atoms, molecules, and surfaces, the fastest electrons emerge from tunneling and subsequent field-driven recollision, followed by elastic backscattering. This rescattering picture is central to attosecond science and enables control of the electron's trajectory via the sub-cycle evolution of the laser electric field. Here we reveal a so far unexplored route for waveform-controlled electron acceleration emerging from forward rescattering in resonant plasmonic systems. We studied plasmon-enhanced photoemission from silver clusters and found that the directional acceleration can be controlled up to high kinetic energy with the relative phase of a two-color laser field. Our analysis reveals that the cluster's plasmonic near-field establishes a sub-cycle directional gate that enables the selective acceleration. The identified generic mechanism offers robust attosecond control of the electron acceleration at plasmonic nanostructures, opening perspectives for laser-based sources of attosecond electron pulses.
The association of nutrition behaviors and physical activity with general and central obesity in Caribbean undergraduate students
Creators: name: James, C.
name: Samuels, T.A.
name: Amuleru-Marshall, O.
name: Peltzer, K.
name: Wright, M.
name: Pengpid, S.
name: Adair, L.
Publisher: name: Pan American Health Organization
Year: 2015

description: Objective. To quantify the prevalence of obesity and obesity-related factors in a cross-sectional, observational study of Caribbean students using the results of three recent surveys of health behavior among undergraduates in Barbados, Grenada, and Jamaica. Methods. A total of 1578 Caribbean undergraduate students from Barbados, Grenada, and Jamaica (ages 18.30 years) completed questionnaires and had physical measurements recorded. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for the association of nutrition behaviors with prevalence of obesity (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2); elevated waist-to-height ratio (W/ht) (> 0.50); and high waist circumference (WC) (> 88 cm in females, > 102 cm in males). Models were adjusted for age, year in university, socioeconomic status, and sex. Results. There was a higher prevalence of obesity (13% versus 10%), high WC (21% versus 7%), and high W/ht (35% versus 25%) in females relative to males. Compared to females, males had reduced odds of obesity (OR 0.46), high WC (OR 0.22), and high W/ht (OR 0.61) (P < 0.05 for all). Both females (46%) and males (24%) reported high levels of physical inactivity. Fruit and vegetable consumption was low (approximately two servings per day). Many students reported avoiding fatty foods (40%); this behavior was associated with high W/ht (OR 1.68), obesity (OR 1.90), and high WC (OR 1.82) (P < 0.05 for all). Irregular breakfast consumption, age, and year of study were also positively associated with obesity. Physical activity was not significantly associated with any obesity measure. Conclusions. There was a low prevalence of healthy behaviors and a high prevalence of obesity in this sample of Caribbean young adults.
Art and War – Anglo-American Troops in Italy (1943-45)
Creators: name: Tulliach, Anna
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: This research project presents a new perspective on the topic of art theft during the Second World War. To date, public attention has been mainly focused on the extensive art looting campaigns conducted by the Nazis in Europe. The thesis’ purpose is to tell another side of the story. Through the case studies of the requisition of the exhibition Mostra Triennale delle Terre Italiane d’Oltremare (Naples) and of Museo Stibbert (Florence), and an analysis of wartime historical records, this thesis examines a hidden World War II history: the modalities of Allied troops’ unlawful treatment of cultural heritage in occupied territories of Italy, and the responsibility of the Monuments, Fine Arts & Archives sub-commission (MFAA) in preventing such acts. This thesis argues that the issue of Allied troops’ illicit treatment of cultural assets was not related exclusively to an early phase of the Italian campaign, contesting previous research on the topic. Moreover, the analysis conducted in this research project demonstrates that one of the MFAA’s founding roles was to act against the billeting of troops in historical properties and to prevent them from stealing and damaging safeguarded artworks housed there. The investigation into the establishment of the MFAA aids in understanding broadly the role that Allied governments played in the creation of a cultural property protection system in wartime, which can have fields of application in modern conflicts. This system comprised the foundation of governmental entities and the issuing of regulations, both disciplining the protection of cultural heritage by combat troops. This thesis contributes to subjects of study that to date have been studied only marginally, offering a new perspective on the topic of art theft and vandalism during the Second World War, re-evaluating the role that the Allies played in wartime in the treatment of works of art.
Depressive symptoms are not associated with inflammation in younger and older adults in the Philippines
Creators: name: Kuzawa, C.
name: Borja, J.B.
name: McDade, T.W.
name: Adair, L.S.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2013

description: Depression is positively associated with chronic inflammation in industrialized settings with low burdens of infectious disease, but the pattern of association in environments with higher levels of microbial exposure is not known. We measured C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin 6 (IL6) in community-based samples of young adults (20-22 years) and older women (35-69 years) in the Philippines. Concentrations of CRP and IL6 were low, and bivariate and multivariate regression analyses indicated no associations between depressive symptoms and inflammation in either sample. Results are interpreted in light of prior research indicating that higher levels of microbial exposure in infancy have lasting effects on the regulation of inflammation, and may prevent the emergence of a relationship between depression and inflammation in adulthood.
Building theatrical epistemic communities in the Global South
Creators: name: Balme, Christopher B.
Publisher: name: Journal of Global Theatre History
Year: 2019

description: In this paper I propose that the concept of an epistemic community can be adapted to describe how theatre artists, scholars, critics and pedagogues organized themselves as such a community and that several interrelated epistemic communities constituted themselves to promote a practice of theatre within the framework of decolonization. The paper shows how US philanthropic funding, here the Rockefeller foundation, invested heavily in assisting with the establishment of a theatre studies department at Nigeria’s first and premier university at Ibadan. Employing network analysis the paper shows how Rockefeller, represented by its field officer Robert W. July, played a pivotal role in supporting young Nigerian theatre artists such as Wole Soyinka and Demas Nwoko as well as expatriate go-betweens (Ulli Beier, Martin Banham, Geoffrey Axworthy). Rockefeller was working parallel to the CIA-backed Council for Cultural Freedom, which was also funding the arts in Nigeria. The result was a highly innovative theatre department that by international standards was pioneering in its combination of theatre practice and academic research.
description: Journal of Global Theatre History, Bd. 3 Nr. 2 (2019): Journal of Global Theatre History
On the distribution of maximum value of the characteristic polynomial of GUE random matrices
Creators: name: Fyodorov, Yan V.
name: Simm, Nicholas J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Motivated by recently discovered relations between logarithmically correlated Gaussian processes and characteristic polynomials of large random $N \times N$ matrices $H$ from the Gaussian Unitary Ensemble (GUE), we consider the problem of characterising the distribution of the global maximum of $D_{N}(x):=-\log|\det(xI-H)|$ as $N \to \infty$ and $x\in (-1,1)$. We arrive at an explicit expression for the asymptotic probability density of the (appropriately shifted) maximum by combining the rigorous Fisher-Hartwig asymptotics due to Krasovsky \cite{K07} with the heuristic {\it freezing transition} scenario for logarithmically correlated processes. Although the general idea behind the method is the same as for the earlier considered case of the Circular Unitary Ensemble, the present GUE case poses new challenges. In particular we show how the conjectured {\it self-duality} in the freezing scenario plays the crucial role in our selection of the form of the maximum distribution. Finally, we demonstrate a good agreement of the found probability density with the results of direct numerical simulations of the maxima of $D_{N}(x)$.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures. Typos corrected and some additional discussion added
Dreaming of a new Theatre in Cold War South Korea
Creators: name: Creutzenberg, Jan
Publisher: name: Journal of Global Theatre History
Year: 2019

description: After World War II and the liberation of Korea from Japanese colonial rule, the emerging Cold War influenced the cultural sphere in South Korea, both through official policies and private philanthropy. In this paper, I discuss director-playwright Yu Chi-jin’s interactions with Rockefeller Foundation officer Charles B. Fahs from 1948 to the late 1950s, leading to the conceptualization, funding, and construction of the Seoul Drama Center in 1962. Both Yu’s reading of Margo Jones’ book Theatre-in-the-Round and his year-long U.S. voyage, suggested and supported by Fahs, contributed to his dream of a new theatre for Korea. Based on internal documents of the Rockefeller Foundation and writings by Yu, I explore how geopolitical, aesthetic, and financial concerns shaped the making of the Drama Center and the theatre scene in post-colonial South Korea.
description: Journal of Global Theatre History, Bd. 3 Nr. 2 (2019): Journal of Global Theatre History
A Decidable Equivalence for a Turing-complete, Distributed Model of Computation
Creators: name: Cesco, Arnaldo
name: Gorrieri, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.1.1
subject: 68Q85

description: Place/Transition Petri nets with inhibitor arcs (PTI nets for short), which are a well-known Turing-complete, distributed model of computation, are equipped with a decidable, behavioral equivalence, called pti-place bisimilarity, that conservatively extends place bisimilarity defined over Place/Transition nets (without inhibitor arcs). We prove that pti-place bisimilarity is sensible, as it respects the causal semantics of PTI nets.
description: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2104.01392
Ar-37 Calibration of XENONnT for the First Results with Electronic Recoils
Creators: name: Guida, Matteo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: experimental astroparticle physics
XENONnT
low energy electronic recoils
dark matter search

description: After briefly introducing the XENONnT experiment, the poster presents the results of the calibration of the low energy electronic recoil response with 37Ar (E ≃ 2.8224 keV). Moreover, the first science result with electronic recoil data is reported which set competitive limits on several new physics models, including solar axions, neutrino magnetic moment, ALPs, and dark photons. No excess is being observed ruling out the new physics interpretation of the 1T anomaly.
Type IV-II codes over Z4 constructed from generalized bent functions
Creators: name: Ban, Sara
name: Rukavina, Sanja
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 94B05, 06E30, 05B10

description: A Type IV-II Z4-code is a self-dual code over Z4 with the property that all Euclidean weights are divisible by eight and all codewords have even Hamming weight. In this paper we use generalized bent functions for a construction of self-orthogonal codes over Z4 of length $2^m$, for $m$ odd, $m \geq 3$, and prove that for $m \geq 5$ those codes can be extended to Type IV-II Z4-codes. From that family of Type IV-II Z4-codes, we obtain a family of self-dual Type II binary codes by using Gray map. We also consider the weight distributions of the obtained codes and the structure of the supports of the minimum weight codewords.
description: 16 pages
Few-femtosecond passage of conical intersections in the benzene cation
Creators: name: Galbraith, M.C.E.
name: Scheit, S.
name: Golubev, N.V.
name: Reitsma, G.
name: Zhavoronkov, N.
name: Despré, V.
name: Lépine, F.
name: Kuleff, A.I.
name: Vrakking, M.J.J.
name: Kornilov, O.
name: Köppel, H.
name: Mikosch, J.
Publisher: name: [London] : Nature Publishing Group UK
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: benzene
subject: cation
subject: chemical reaction
subject: electron
subject: experimental study
subject: molecular analysis
subject: photochemistry
subject: probe
subject: ultraviolet radiation
subject: 500
subject: 530

description: Observing the crucial first few femtoseconds of photochemical reactions requires tools typically not available in the femtochemistry toolkit. Such dynamics are now within reach with the instruments provided by attosecond science. Here, we apply experimental and theoretical methods to assess the ultrafast nonadiabatic vibronic processes in a prototypical complex system - the excited benzene cation. We use few-femtosecond duration extreme ultraviolet and visible/near-infrared laser pulses to prepare and probe excited cationic states and observe two relaxation timescales of 11 ± 3 fs and 110 ± 20 fs. These are interpreted in terms of population transfer via two sequential conical intersections. The experimental results are quantitatively compared with state-of-the-art multi-configuration time-dependent Hartree calculations showing convincing agreement in the timescales. By characterising one of the fastest internal conversion processes studied to date, we enter an extreme regime of ultrafast molecular dynamics, paving the way to tracking and controlling purely electronic dynamics in complex molecules.
Transnationality, Sponsorship and Post- Drama: “The Flash and Crash Days” of Brazilian Theatre
Creators: name: Guenzburger, Gustavo
Publisher: name: Journal of Global Theatre History
Year: 2019

description: Based on a Brazilian case study, this paper comments on the influence that new paradigms and global circuits have exerted locally on the relationship between theatre aesthetics and production. Staged in 1991 by Gerald Thomas, The Flash and Crash Days went far beyond the context of Brazilian redemocratization and was included in the emerging international circuit of experimental productions. Thomas had brought from Europe and the United States a new proposal for the stage, through which the materialization of theatricality moved away from the idea of drama as it shifted from a focus on box office receipts to a new mode of production based on sponsorship. The analysis of this performance and its conditions may reveal an aesthetic and production change in the Brazilian theatre that is linked to the formation of global markets, whose new aesthetic paradigms point to a new role of theatre in society.
description: Journal of Global Theatre History, Bd. 3 Nr. 1 (2019): The Journal of Global Theatre History 2019
title: DigitUS mebis-Kurs | Kurs für Lerngemeinschaften
Creators: name: Kosiol, Timo
name: Rutkowski, Annemarie
name: Kastorff, Tamara
name: Mohr, Matthias
name: Berger, Sonja
name: Reith, Sabrina
name: Stegmann, Karsten
name: Ufer, Stefan
name: Frick, Dagmar
name: Förtsch, Christian
name: Neuhaus, Birgit
name: Aufleger, Monika
name: Haldenwang, Vera
name: Teubner, Markus
name: Ludwig, Andrea
name: Fischer, Frank
name: Bannert, Maria
name: Arvaneh, Begüm
name: Meuleners, Julia
name: Gräsel, Cornelia
name: Klausing, Eike
name: Ripsam, Melanie
name: Nerdel, Claudia
name: Held, Tobias
name: Lindner, Martin
name: Kofahl, Paula
name: Ulm, Sonja
name: Oechslein, Karin
name: Räde, Anselm
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2023

description: Ein Mebis-Kurs für die aus Lehrkräften bestehenden Lerngemeinschaften. Der Kurs begleitet die Klausurtage der Lerngemeinschaften in der DigitUS-Studie. Der Kurs behandelt Themen wie die Potentiale digitaler Werkzeuge, Unterrichtsgestaltung in Biologie und Mathematik sowie kognitive Aktivierung.
Hidrojen içeren alkali elektrolize suyun günlük olarak içilmesi, gastrointestinal semptomlar da dahil olmak üzere insan sağlığını etkiler
Creators: name: ETHIXFILTER
name: Barbara, SCARLETT
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Japonya'da alkalin elektrolize su (AEW) cihazları tıbbi cihaz olarak onaylanmıştır. Gastrointestinal semptomları olan hastalarda AEW içmenin bu semptomları hafifletmede etkili olduğu bulunmuştur. Ancak, AEW cihazlarını kullanan bazı kişilerin belirgin karın şikayetleri bulunmamaktadır. Karın şikâyeti olmayan kullanıcıların bu durumdan sağladıkları yarar üzerine çok az araştırma yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, karın şikâyeti olmayan kişilerin günlük AEW tüketiminin sağlık üzerindeki etkilerini, gastrointestinal semptomlar dahil olmak üzere değerlendirmektir. Çalışma, çift kör, randomize kontrollü bir deney olarak tasarlanmıştır. Dört haftalık su içme periyodu boyunca, plasebo grubu arıtılmış musluk suyu (PW) içerken, deney grubu alkalin elektrolize su içmiştir. Deneyin başında ve 4 haftalık su tüketimi sonrasında kan testleri, fiziksel uygunluk değerlendirmeleri ve anketler yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmada özellikle gastrointestinal semptomları olan hastalar seçilmemiştir. Net bir etki doğrulanamamış olsa da dışkıların daha normal olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Önceki raporlarda da gösterildiği gibi, AEW'nin bağırsakların normalleşmesine katkıda bulunduğu düşünülmektedir. Ayrıca, AEW tüketen katılımcıların büyük bir kısmı daha iyi uyuduklarını ve sabahları daha dinç uyandıklarını bildirmiştir. AEW'deki hidrojenin antioksidan bir madde olarak oksidatif stresi azaltarak uykuyu iyileştirdiği düşünülmektedir. Bu araştırma, Osaka City Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Etik Kurulu tarafından onaylanmış (No. 837) ve Klinik Araştırmalar Kayıt Sistemi'nde (UMIN ID: UMIN000031800) 22 Mart 2018 tarihinde kaydedilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: alkalin elektrolize su; gastrointestinal semptomlar; hidrojen çözünmüş su; fiziksel uygunluk değerlendirmeleri; anket değerlendirmeleri; fonksiyonel içecek
Interstellar radiation as a Maxwell field: improved numerical scheme and application to the spectral energy density
Creators: name: Arminjon, Mayeul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The existing models of the interstellar radiation field (ISRF) do not produce a Maxwell field. Here, the recent model of the ISRF as a Maxwell field is improved by considering separately the different frequencies at the stage of the fitting. Using this improved procedure: (i) It is checked in detail that the model does predict extremely high values of the spectral energy density (SED) on the axis of a galaxy, that however decrease very rapidly when $ρ$, the distance to the axis, is increased from zero. (ii) The difference between the SED values (with $ρ=1\,$kpc or $8\,$kpc), as predicted either by this model or by a recent radiation transfer model, is reduced significantly. (iii) The slower decrease of the SED with increasing altitude $z$, as compared with the radiation transfer model, is confirmed. We also calculate the evolutions of the SED at large $ρ$. We interpret these evolutions by determining asymptotic expansions of the SED at large $z$, and also ones at large $ρ$.
description: 39 pages, including 15 figures. Journal version is open access, see DOI
Extragalactic electromagnetic cascades and cascade gamma-ray emission in magnetic fields of various strength
Creators: name: Uryson, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: J.2

description: We discuss the magnetic field influence on diffuse gamma-ray emission from extragalactic electromagnetic cascades initiated by ultra-high energy cosmic rays. Regions in space vary considerably in field strength: it is possibly of 10^(-12) G and lower in voids, of ~10^(-6) G inside galaxies, galactic clusters and groups, of ~10^(-7) G around them, and of ~ 10^(-8)-10^(-9) G in filaments. Structures having fields higher than in voids occupy comparatively small fraction of the Universe, so they affect weakly on cascade emission. Still knowledge of this influence may be relevant studying large-scale component of the extragalactic magnetic field and to the search for exotic particles, as in the latter case contribution of all components to extragalactic gamma-ray background should be known, one of which is cascade emission. To study magnetic field effect we simulate particle propagation in homogeneous magnetic field of ~10^(-6), 10^(-9), and 10^(-12) G and lower. It is found that in fields of ~10^(-9) G and lower the spectra of diffuse cascade gamma-rays at energies E<=10^17 eV coincide. Thus no specific models of EGMF are required to study contribution of cascade emission in the extragalactic gamma-ray background at E<=10^17 eV. In the case of uniform field of 10^(-6) G (which seems to be unrealistic), this inference is valid in the energy range of ~10^7-10^9 eV. Results obtained can be also used studying large-scale component of the extragalactic magnetic field.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures, accepted in Advances in Space Research, avaliable online 26 Sept 2023
A New Notion of Time in Modern Tokyo Life: A Comedy at High Speed at the Imperial Theatre in the 1920s
Creators: name: Fujioka, Ayumi
Publisher: name: Journal of Global Theatre History
Year: 2019

description: The Imperial Theatre in the 1920’s operated both as a stronghold of multifarious modern Japanese theatre and as an embodiment of the acceleration of Tokyo modern life, in which people started to benefit from theatrical entertainment provided by thriving consumerism. A popular genre performed at the Imperial Theatre was joyūgeki (actress play), a series of satirical comedies in which actresses portrayed the main roles. A Comedy at High Speed can be recognised as a description of exhilarating modern life where the object of laughter aroused by the audience being the discordance experienced in the multifaceted modern life of the 1920’s controlled by a new perception of time. This new concept consisted of economic systems as well as social structures, in which not only anticipation of desirable flamboyancy grew swiftly, but also intolerant darkness, represented by fascism, a violation of human rights, and class distinctions were equally underlaid.
description: Journal of Global Theatre History, Bd. 3 Nr. 1 (2019): The Journal of Global Theatre History 2019
title: DigitUS mebis-Kurs | Materialsammlung für Multiplikatorinnen und Multiplikatoren
Creators: name: Kosiol, Timo
name: Rutkowski, Annemarie
name: Kastorff, Tamara
name: Mohr, Matthias
name: Berger, Sonja
name: Reith, Sabrina
name: Stegmann, Karsten
name: Ufer, Stefan
name: Frick, Dagmar
name: Förtsch, Christian
name: Neuhaus, Birgit
name: Aufleger, Monika
name: Haldenwang, Vera
name: Teubner, Markus
name: Ludwig, Andrea
name: Fischer, Frank
name: Bannert, Maria
name: Arvaneh, Begüm
name: Meuleners, Julia
name: Gräsel, Cornelia
name: Klausing, Eike
name: Ripsam, Melanie
name: Nerdel, Claudia
name: Held, Tobias
name: Lindner, Martin
name: Kofahl, Paula
name: Ulm, Sonja
name: Oechslein, Karin
name: Räde, Anselm
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2023

description: Ein Mebis-Kurs für Multiplikator*innen, der als Begleitung der Klausurtage des DigitUS-Projekts dient. Der Kurs soll den Multiplikator*innen helfen nachhaltige professionelle Lerngemeinschaften zu bilden. Der Kurs enthält Informationen zu digitalen Medien und Tools sowie dem Nutzen von digitalen Medien für wirksamen Fachunterricht und Biologie und Mathematik, die Planung von Fachunterricht und die kognitive Aktivierung von Schüler*innen.
Ultrafast adsorbate excitation probed with sub-ps resolution XAS
Creators: name: Diesen, Elias
name: Wang, Hsin-Yi
name: Schreck, Simon
name: Weston, Matthew
name: Ogasawara, Hirohito
name: LaRue, Jerry
name: Perakis, Fivos
name: Dell'Angela, Martina
name: Capotondi, Flavio
name: Giannessi, Luca
name: Pedersoli, Emanuele
name: Naumenko, Denys
name: Nikolov, Ivaylo
name: Raimondi, Lorenzo
name: Spezzani, Carlo
name: Beye, Martin
name: Cavalca, Filippo
name: Liu, Boyang
name: Gladh, Jörgen
name: Koroidov, Sergey
name: Miedema, Piter S.
name: Costantini, Roberto
name: Heinz, Tony F.
name: Abild-Pedersen, Frank
name: Voss, Johannes
name: Luntz, Alan C.
name: Nilsson, Anders
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a pump-probe scheme to measure the time evolution of the C K-edge X-ray absorption spectrum (XAS) from CO/Ru(0001) after excitation by an ultrashort high-intensity optical laser pulse. Due to the short duration of the X-ray probe pulse and precise control of the pulse delay, the excitation-induced dynamics during the first ps after the pump can be resolved with unprecedented time resolution. By comparing with theoretical (DFT) spectrum calculations we find high excitation of the internal stretch and frustrated rotation modes occurring within 200 fs of laser excitation, as well as thermalization of the system in the ps regime. The ~100 fs initial excitation of these CO vibrational modes is not readily rationalized by traditional theories of nonadiabatic coupling of adsorbates to metal surfaces, e. g. electronic frictions based on first order electron-phonon coupling or transient population of adsorbate resonances. We suggest that coupling of the adsorbate to non-thermalized electron-hole pairs is responsible for the ultrafast initial excitation of the modes.
description: 16 pages, 16 figures. To be published in Physical Review Letters: https://journals.aps.org/prl/accepted/c1070Y74M8b18063d9cd0221b000631d50ef7a249
Using the Environment to Understand non-Markovian Open Quantum Systems
Creators: name: Gribben, Dominic
name: Strathearn, Aidan
name: Fux, Gerald E.
name: Kirton, Peter
name: Lovett, Brendon W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tracing out the environmental degrees of freedom is a necessary procedure when simulating open quantum systems. While being an essential step in deriving a tractable master equation it represents a loss of information. In situations where there is strong interplay between the system and environmental degrees of freedom this loss makes understanding the dynamics challenging. These dynamics, when viewed in isolation, have no time-local description: they are non-Markovian and memory effects induce complex features that are difficult to interpret. To address this problem, we here show how to use system correlations, calculated by any method, to infer any correlation function of a Gaussian environment, so long as the coupling between system and environment is linear. This not only allows reconstruction of the full dynamics of both system and environment, but also opens avenues into studying the effect of a system on its environment. In order to obtain accurate bath dynamics, we exploit a numerically exact approach to simulating the system dynamics, which is based on the construction and contraction of a tensor network that represents the process tensor of this open quantum system. Using this we are able to find any system correlation function exactly. To demonstrate the applicability of our method we show how heat moves between different modes of a bosonic bath when coupled to a two-level system that is subject to an off-resonant drive.
description: 11+8 pages, 4+2 figures
Some spin textures relevant to magnetic moments in the octonion spaces
Creators: name: Weng, Zi-Hua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper aims to apply the octonions to explore the contribution of some influence factors to magnetic moments, revealing the connection among the influence factors and spin texture. J. C. Maxwell was the first to introduce the quaternions to describe the electromagnetic theory. The subsequent scholars utilize the quaternions and octonions to study the gravitational and electromagnetic theories and so forth. The paper adopts the octonions to research the gravitational and electromagnetic fields, including the octonion angular momentum, torque, and force and so on. When the octonion force is equal to zero under some circumstances, it is able to achieve eight equations independent of each other. In particular, one of eight independent equations reveals the interrelation between the second-torque and the divergence of magnetic moments. One of its deductions is that the directions, magnitudes and frequencies of some terms are capable of impacting the orientation and vortex of magnetic moments, altering the frequency of magnetic vortex clusters. It means that the spin textures are relevant to some external influence factors. Some terms may have an influence on the arrangements of spin textures. The study will be helpful for understanding the physical properties of magnetic skyrmions and merons.
description: 9 pages
A review of experiments reporting non-conventional phenomena in nuclear matter aiming at identifying common features in view of possible interpretation
Creators: name: Bellucci, Stefano
name: Cardone, Fabio
name: Pistella, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The purpose of the present paper is to clarify, as far as it is possible, the overall picture of experimental results in the field of non-conventional phenomena in nuclear matter published in scientific literature, accumulated in the last decades and still missing a widely accepted interpretation. While completeness of the collection of the experiments is not among the aims of the effort, focus is put on adopting a more comprehensive and integral approach through the analysis of the different experimental layouts and the different results, searching for common features and analogous factual outcomes in order to obtain a consistent reading of a lot of experimental evidences that appear, until now, lacking a classification in a logic catalogue which might be compared to a sort of building and not to a collection of single stones. Particular attention is put on the issue of reproducibility of experiments and on the reasons why such a limitation is a frequent characteristic of many experimental activities reported in published papers. This approach is innovative as compared with those already available in the scientific literature. In a synoptical table a comprehensive classification is given of the twenty experiments examined in terms of type of evidences that are ascertained by the experimenters in their published papers but are unexpected according to well established physical theories. Examples of such unexpected evidences (named also non-conventional or weird) are: excess heat generation, isotope production, reduction of radioactivity levels, and production of neutrons or alpha particles.
description: 41 pages, Keywords: nuclear matter experiments; systematic reproducibility of experiments; generalization of the Einstein relativity theory; energy densification; Deformed Space Time theory; energy thresholds; energy density in the space-time (volume and time interval)
Measurement of inclusive charged-current $ν_μ$ cross sections as a function of muon kinematics at $\sim6~GeV$ on hydrocarbon
Creators: name: Ruterbories, D.
name: Filkins, A.
name: Dar, Z. Ahmad
name: Akbar, F.
name: Andrade, D. A.
name: Ascencio, M. V.
name: Bashyal, A.
name: Bellantoni, L.
name: Bercellie, A.
name: Betancourt, M.
name: Bodek, A.
name: Bonilla, J. L.
name: Bravar, A.
name: Budd, H.
name: Caceres, G.
name: Cai, T.
name: Carneiro, M. F.
name: Díaz, G. A.
name: da Motta, H.
name: Dytman, S. A.
name: Felix, J.
name: Fields, L.
name: Gago, A. M.
name: Gallagher, H.
name: Gran, R.
name: Harris, D. A.
name: Henry, S.
name: Jena, D.
name: Jena, S.
name: Kleykamp, J.
name: Kordosky, M.
name: Last, D.
name: Le, T.
name: Lozano, A.
name: Lu, X. -G.
name: Maher, E.
name: Manly, S.
name: Mann, W. A.
name: Mauger, C.
name: McFarland, K. S.
name: Messerly, B.
name: Miller, J.
name: Morfín, J. G.
name: Naples, D.
name: Nelson, J. K.
name: Nguyen, C.
name: Norrick, A.
name: Olivier, A.
name: Perdue, G. N.
name: Ramírez, M. A.
name: Ray, H.
name: Schellman, H.
name: Silva, G.
name: Salinas, C. J. Solano
name: Su, H.
name: Sultana, M.
name: Syrotenko, V. S.
name: Valencia, E.
name: Waldron, A. V.
name: Wret, C.
name: Yaeggy, B.
name: Yang, K.
name: Zazueta, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: MINERvA presents a new analysis of inclusive charged-current neutrino interactions on a hydrocarbon target. We report single and double-differential cross sections in muon transverse and longitudinal momentum. These measurements are compared to neutrino interaction generator predictions from GENIE, NuWro, GiBUU, and NEUT. In addition, comparisons against models with different treatments of multi-nucleon correlations, nuclear effects, resonant pion production, and deep inelastic scattering are presented. The data recorded corresponds to $10.61\times10^{20}$ protons on target with a peak neutrino energy of approximately 6 GeV. The higher energy and larger statistics of these data extend the kinematic range for model testing beyond previous MINERvA inclusive charged-current measurements. The results are not well modeled by several generator predictions using a variety of input models.
description: 20 pages, 19 figures
Deliverable D-JRP-DISCOVER-WP4.1: "Salmonella source attribution results by region/country, for each applied method"
Creators: name: Hald, Tine
name: Mughini-Gras, Lapo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: DISCOVER
Source attribution
Salmonella
Modelling
MLST
Subtyping

description: OHEJP Project: DiSCoVeR
Associations of Suboptimal Growth with All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in Children under Five Years: A Pooled Analysis of Ten Prospective Studies
Creators: name: Katz, J.
name: Sommer, A.
name: Garenne, M.
name: Ezzati, M.
name: Black, R.E.
name: Adair, L.
name: Olofin, I.
name: Penny, M.E.
name: McDonald, C.M.
name: Kirkwood, B.
name: Danaei, G.
name: West Jr., K.P.
name: Arifeen, S.
name: Caulfield, L.E.
name: Flaxman, S.
name: Mølbak, K.
name: Bhandari, N.
name: Fawzi, W.W.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2013

description: Background: Child undernutrition affects millions of children globally. We investigated associations between suboptimal growth and mortality by pooling large studies. Methods: Pooled analysis involving children 1 week to 59 months old in 10 prospective studies in Africa, Asia and South America. Utilizing most recent measurements, we calculated weight-for-age, height/length-for-age and weight-for-height/length Z scores, applying 2006 WHO Standards and the 1977 NCHS/WHO Reference. We estimated all-cause and cause-specific mortality hazard ratios (HR) using proportional hazards models comparing children with mild (-2≤Z<-1), moderate (-3≤Z<-2), or severe (Z<-3) anthropometric deficits with the reference category (Z≥-1). Results: 53809 children were eligible for this re-analysis and contributed a total of 55 359 person-years, during which 1315 deaths were observed. All degrees of underweight, stunting and wasting were associated with significantly higher mortality. The strength of association increased monotonically as Z scores decreased. Pooled mortality HR was 1.52 (95% Confidence Interval 1.28, 1.81) for mild underweight; 2.63 (2.20, 3.14) for moderate underweight; and 9.40 (8.02, 11.03) for severe underweight. Wasting was a stronger determinant of mortality than stunting or underweight. Mortality HR for severe wasting was 11.63 (9.84, 13.76) compared with 5.48 (4.62, 6.50) for severe stunting. Using older NCHS standards resulted in larger HRs compared with WHO standards. In cause-specific analyses, all degrees of anthropometric deficits increased the hazards of dying from respiratory tract infections and diarrheal diseases. The study had insufficient power to precisely estimate effects of undernutrition on malaria mortality. Conclusions: All degrees of anthropometric deficits are associated with increased risk of under-five mortality using the 2006 WHO Standards. Even mild deficits substantially increase mortality, especially from infectious diseases.