cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Open Service and Our Allies: A Report on the Inclusion of Openly Gay and Lesbian Servicemembers in U.S. Allies' Armed Forces
Creators: name: Goldberg, Suzanne B.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Gay military personnel
Armed Forces--Gays--Government policy
Gay rights

description: In the wake of the Obama Administration’s pledge to repeal “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” in the United States, the Columbia Law School Sexuality & Gender Law Clinic undertook a review of how allies of the United States moved from a policy of banning gay and lesbian servicemembers from serving in the armed forces to a policy of allowing these servicemembers to serve openly (“open service”). In documenting this review, this report aims to provide information about the decision to implement open service and the mechanics of the transition to open service in Australia, Canada, Israel, and the United Kingdom. In addition to addressing concerns about the effect of open service on unit cohesion and morale, this report also includes information about how the militaries of Australia, Canada, Israel, and the United Kingdom have implemented their open service policies on the ground. The report examines, as well, the ways in which U.S. soldiers have worked as part of multinational forces with members of other militaries that have open service policies. Open Service and Our Allies shows that no significant problems have arisen as a result of a transition to open service. Notably, not one country studied in this report has made any changes to its housing or bathrooms. Moreover, although all of the countries studied in this report have reported scattered incidents of harassment, this report also shows that there has been no pervasive discrimination against or harassment of gay and lesbian servicemembers. Whereas some countries achieved a successful transition through educational and sensitivity training, others have not addressed harassment of gay and lesbian servicemembers in their trainings. The common thread, instead, has been an emphasis on strong leadership and a clear statement of the behavior that is expected of servicemembers. This report also shows that none of the countries studied have experienced a decline in unit cohesion or morale. To the contrary, many of the countries studied have seen an increase in morale due to servicemembers’ increased ability to focus on work, rather than on hiding their sexual orientation, and a decrease in paranoia and suspicion as a result of the new open environment. Overall, this report shows that the transition to open service in Australia, Canada, Israel, and the United Kingdom was smooth, although not always flawless, and provides some insight into what such a transition might look like in the United States.
Humanismus und Menschenbildung: Zu Geschichte, Gegenwart und Zukunft der bildenden Begegnung der Europäer mit der Kultur der Griechen und Römer. Hrsg. von Erhard Wiersing
Creators: name: Kipf, Stefan
Publisher: name: Forum Classicum
Year: 2017

description: Rezension zu: Humanismus und Menschenbildung: Zu Geschichte, Gegenwart und Zukunft der bildenden Begegnung der Europäer mit der Kultur der Griechen und Römer. Hrsg. von Erhard Wiersing, Detmolder Hochschulschriften, Bd. 4; Essen 2001, 491 Seiten (ISBN3-89206-045-2).
description: Forum Classicum, Nr. 1 (2002): Forum Classicum
Is There Really a Sex Bureaucracy?
Creators: name: Goldberg, Suzanne B.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Universities and colleges--Administration
Rape--Prevention
Rape in universities and colleges
Sexual harassment in universities and colleges

description: This essay identifies several features of the higher-education context that can enrich The Sex Bureaucracy’s account of why colleges and universities have adopted new policies and trainings to address sexual assault on their campuses. These features include: 1) schools’ preexisting systems for addressing student conduct; 2) the shared interest of schools in reducing impediments to education, including nonconsensual sexual contact; and 3) the pedagogical challenges of developing trainings that are engaging and effective. Taking these three factors into account, we can see that while federal Title IX intervention has had a profound effect, it is also important not to overstate law’s ability to shape culture and interpersonal interactions and, instead, to recognize the confluence of factors that have generated and will continue to support change.
Inferring More from Less: Prospector as a Photometric Redshift Engine in the Era of JWST
Creators: name: Wang, Bingjie
name: Leja, Joel
name: Bezanson, Rachel
name: Johnson, Benjamin D.
name: Khullar, Gourav
name: Labbe, Ivo
name: Price, Sedona H.
name: Weaver, John R.
name: Whitaker, Katherine E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The advent of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) signals a new era in exploring galaxies in the high-$z$ universe. Current and upcoming JWST imaging will potentially detect galaxies out to $z \sim 20$, creating a new urgency in the quest to infer accurate photometric redshifts (photo-$z$) for individual galaxies from their spectral energy distributions, as well as masses, ages and star formation rates. Here we illustrate the utility of informed priors encoding previous observations of galaxies across cosmic time in achieving these goals. We construct three joint priors encoding empirical constraints of redshifts, masses, and star formation histories in the galaxy population within the \prospector\ Bayesian inference framework. In contrast with uniform priors, our model breaks an age-mass-redshift degeneracy, and thus reduces the mean bias error in masses from 0.3 to 0.1 dex, and in ages from 0.6 to 0.2 dex in tests done on mock JWST observations. Notably, our model recovers redshifts at least as accurately as the state-of-the-art photo-$z$ code \eazy\ in deep JWST fields, but with two advantages: tailoring a model based on a particular survey renders mostly unnecessary given well-motivated priors; obtaining joint posteriors describing stellar, active galactic nuclei, gas, and dust contributions becomes possible. We can now confidently use the joint distribution to propagate full non-Gaussian redshift uncertainties into inferred properties of the galaxy population. This model, ``\prospector-$β$'', is intended for fitting galaxy photometry where the redshift is unknown, and will be instrumental in ensuring the maximum science return from forthcoming photometric surveys with JWST. The code is made publicly available online as a part of \prospector.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJL. 13 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables. The code is made publicly available online as a part of Prospector; the version used in this work corresponds to the state of the Git repository at commit 820ad72
Spectral Clustering with Epidemic Diffusion
Creators: name: Smith, Laura M.
name: Lerman, Kristina
name: Garcia-Cardona, Cristina
name: Percus, Allon G.
name: Ghosh, Rumi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: I.5.3

description: Spectral clustering is widely used to partition graphs into distinct modules or communities. Existing methods for spectral clustering use the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the graph Laplacian, an operator that is closely associated with random walks on graphs. We propose a new spectral partitioning method that exploits the properties of epidemic diffusion. An epidemic is a dynamic process that, unlike the random walk, simultaneously transitions to all the neighbors of a given node. We show that the replicator, an operator describing epidemic diffusion, is equivalent to the symmetric normalized Laplacian of a reweighted graph with edges reweighted by the eigenvector centralities of their incident nodes. Thus, more weight is given to edges connecting more central nodes. We describe a method that partitions the nodes based on the componentwise ratio of the replicator's second eigenvector to the first, and compare its performance to traditional spectral clustering techniques on synthetic graphs with known community structure. We demonstrate that the replicator gives preference to dense, clique-like structures, enabling it to more effectively discover communities that may be obscured by dense intercommunity linking.
description: 6 pages, to appear in Physical Review E
Artificial intelligence for improved fitting of trajectories of elementary particles in inhomogeneous dense materials immersed in a magnetic field
Creators: name: Alonso-Monsalve, Saúl
name: Sgalaberna, Davide
name: Zhao, Xingyu
name: McGrew, Clark
name: Rubbia, André
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this article, we use artificial intelligence algorithms to show how to enhance the resolution of the elementary particle track fitting in inhomogeneous dense detectors, such as plastic scintillators. We use deep learning to replace more traditional Bayesian filtering methods, drastically improving the reconstruction of the interacting particle kinematics. We show that a specific form of neural network, inherited from the field of natural language processing, is very close to the concept of a Bayesian filter that adopts a hyper-informative prior. Such a paradigm change can influence the design of future particle physics experiments and their data exploitation.
Decomposing Borel functions using the Shore-Slaman join theorem
Creators: name: Kihara, Takayuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03E15, 54H05

description: Jayne and Rogers proved that every function from an analytic space into a separable metric space is decomposable into countably many continuous functions with closed domains if and only if the preimage of each $F_σ$ set under it is again $F_σ$. Many researchers conjectured that the Jayne-Rogers theorem can be generalized to all finite levels of Borel functions. In this paper, by using the Shore-Slaman join theorem on the Turing degrees, we show the following variant of the Jayne-Rogers theorem at finite and transfinite levels of the hierarchy of Borel functions: For all countable ordinals $α$ and $β$ with $α\leqβ
title: Πολιτιστικό κέντρο στην Πλατεία Νέας Σμύρνης
Creators: name: Αχειλα Παρασκευη
name: Τολης Νικηφορος
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2016

description: Η Νέα Σμύρνη αποτελεί περιοχή υψίστης ιστορικής σημασίας καθώς ιδρύθηκε για τους πρόσφυγες της Σμύρνης. Η περιοχή διακρίνεται για την άρτια πολεοδομική της σύνθεση καθώς και για το δίκτυο δημοσίων χώρων, με πάρκα, πλατείες καθώς και κτίρια-μνημεία στα οποία στεγάζονται κάποιες πολιτιστικές χρήσεις. Παρόλα αυτά με την ραγδαία πληθυσμιακή αύξηση, ενώ η περιοχή ανέπτυξε και αύξησε του δημόσιους χώρους της, με την επανασχεδίαση του Άλσους, την πεζοδρόμηση της Κεντρικής πλατείας και με την προσθήκη δύο ακόμη κομβικών πλατειών, της πλατείας Καρύλλου και την πλατεία του Πατριάρχη, δεν υπήρξε η ίδια αντιμετώπιση όσο αφορά τις χρήσεις πολιτισμού.
Στόχος, λοιπόν,  της παρούσας εργασίας αποτέλεσε ο σχεδιασμός ενός πολιτιστικού πυκνωτή ο οποίος θα μπορέσει να καλύψει την πολτιστικές ανάγκες της περιοχής και να αποτελέσει πόλος έλξης ατόμων και από άλλες περιοχές.
Αναζητώντας την περιοχή μελέτης, και διακρίνοντας το δημόσιο δίκτυο που δημιουργούν το Άλσος, η πλατεία Καρύλλου, η Κεντρική πλατεία, η Εστία και η πλατεία του Πατριάρχη, αμέσως διαφαίνεται ένα οικοδομικό τετράγωνο και ένα ακόμη κτίριο τα οποία λειτουργούν ως τροχοπέδη στη δημόσια πορεία του κέντρου της Νέας Σμύρνης.Έτσι, λοιπόν, επιλέγουμε την συγκεκριμένη περιοχή για να τοποθετήσουμε την νέα πολιτιστική χρήση, έχοντας ως στόχο να δημιουργήσουμε ένα κτίριο πολιτισμού, αλλά παράλληλα και ένα δημόσιο πέρασμα και έναν ανοιχτό ελέυθερο χώρο για το κοινό.
Μελετώντας και αναγνωρίζοντας τα συντακτικά των γειτονικών στοιχείων, ο σχεδιασμός ακολουθεί τους κανόνες των αξόνων της πλατείας, δημιουργώντας ένα έντονο παιχνίδισμα ανοιχτών και κλειστών χώρων, χώρους στάσης και μικρές πλατείες, καθώς και μια διακριτική στροφή του τελευταίου όγκου προς την Εστία, στρέφοντας τόσο το βλέμμα όσο και την κίνηση προς την συγκεκριμένη κατεύθυνση. Το έντονο πλέξιμο του ανοιχτού και του κλειστού χώρου τόσο οριζόντια όσο και κατακόρυφα αποτελεί την βασική τοποθέτηση του σχεδιασμού, στην οποία ο δημόσιος και ανοιχτός χώρος δεν ανιχνέυεται μονάχα στο επίπεδο του εδάφους, αλλά τόσο υπέργεια όσο και υπόγεια πλέον, δημιουργώντας νέες ποιότητες στον ήδη υπάρχοντα δημόσιο χώρο.
A candidate GSSP for the base of the Anisian from Kçira, Albania
Creators: name: Muttoni, Giovanni
name: Nicora, Alda
name: Balini, Marco
name: Katz, Miriam
name: Schaller, Morgan
name: Kent, Dennis V.
name: Maron, Matteo
name: Meço, Selam
name: Rettori, Roberto
name: Doda, Viktor
name: Nazaj, Shaquir
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Geology, Stratigraphic
subject: Paleomagnetism
subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: We present a summary of previously published Olenekian–Anisian boundary magnetostratigraphic and biostratigraphic results from the Kçira area of northern Albania. We focus on the stratigraphically complete Kçira-A section that represents a potential candidate Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Anisian Stage of the Triassic System. The previously published conodont biostratigraphy from Kçira-A and ancillary sections located nearby has been updated using modern taxonomic criteria and correlated to the available ammonoid and benthic foraminifera biostratigraphy. Previously published magnetobiostratigraphic data reveal the occurrence at Kçira-A, and ancillary sections, of a well-defined magnetic polarity reversal pattern of primary origin that allows global correlations ensuring the exportability of biostratigraphic datums (e.g., the first occurrence of conodont Chiosella timorensis) falling close to the Kclr/Kc2n polarity transition. A suite of pilot samples has also been studied for bulk carbon and oxygen isotopes stratigraphy, yielding reasonable values that suggest good preservation of primary material. These data indicate that with additional studies, Kçira-A would represent an ideal base Anisian GSSP.
Numerical analysis of a multistable capsule system under the delayed feedback control with a constant delay
Creators: name: Zhang, Zhi
name: Chávez, Joseph Páez
name: Sieber, Jan
name: Liu, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The vibro-impact capsule system is a self-propelled mechanism that has abundant coexisting attractors and moves rectilinearly under periodic excitation when overcoming environmental resistance. In this paper, we study the control of coexisting attractors in this system by using a delayed feedback controller (DFC) with a constant delay. The aim of our control is to steer this complex system toward an attractor with preferable performance characteristics among multiple coexisting attractors, e.g., a periodically fast forward progression. For this purpose, we give an example of a feedback-controlled transition from a period-3 motion with low progression speed to a period-1 motion with high progression speed at the system parameters where both responses coexist. The effectiveness of this controller is investigated numerically by considering its convergence time and the required control energy input to achieve transition. We combine pseudo-spectral approximation of the delay, event detection for the discontinuities and path-following (continuation) techniques for non-smooth delay dynamical systems to carry out bifurcation analysis. We systematically study the dynamical performance of the controlled system when varying its control gain and delay time. Our numerical simulations show the effectiveness of DFC under a wide range of system parameters. We find that the desired period-1 motion is achievable in a range of control delays between a period-doubling and a grazing bifurcation. Therefore, two-parameter continuation of these two bifurcations with respect to the control delay and control gain is conducted to identify the delay-gain parameter region where the period-1 motion is stable. The findings of this work can be used for tuning control parameters in experiments, and similar analysis can be carried out for other non-smooth dynamical systems with a constant delay term.
description: submitted to International Journal of Nonlinear Mechanics
Asymmetry of motion: vortex rings crossing a density gradient
Creators: name: Su, Yunxing
name: Wilhelmus, Monica M.
name: Zenit, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Vortex rings are critical for thrust production underwater. In the ocean, self-propelled mesozooplankton generate vortices while swimming within a weakly stratified fluid. While large-scale biogenic transport has been observed during vertical migration in the wild and lab experiments, little focus has been given to the evolution of induced vortex rings as a function of their propagation direction relative to the density gradient. In this study, the evolution of an isolated vortex ring crossing the interface of a stable two-layer system is examined as a function of its translation direction with respect to gravity. The vortex ring size and position are visualized using Planar Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) and the induced vorticity field derived from Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is examined. It is found that the production of baroclinic vorticity significantly affects the propagation of vortex rings crossing the density interface. As a result, any expected symmetry between vortex rings traveling from dense to light fluids and from light to dense fluids breaks down. In turn, the maximum penetration depth of the vortex ring occurs in the case in which the vortex propagates against the density gradient due to the misalignment of the pressure and density gradients. Our results have far-reaching implications for the characterization of local ecosystems in marine environments.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
title: Αντίληψη και βιωματική εμπειρία. Από τη χωρικότητα του σώματος στη σωματικότητα της πόλης
Creators: name: Χρονοπουλου Ελενη
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2014

description: Η έννοια της χωρικής αντίληψης έχει διαχρονικά αποτελέσει αντικείμενο μελέτης σχολών σκέψης άμεσα ή έμμεσα συσχετισμένων με την αρχιτεκτονική. Η παρούσα εργασία εστιάζει στις συγκεκριμένες θεωρήσεις που, μέσα από τη βιωματική και αντιληπτική χωρική  προσέγγιση αμφισβητούν τις μορφοκρατικές και ρασιοναλιστικές μεθόδους κατανόησης και διαχείρισης του αρχιτεκτονημένου χώρου. Στόχος της έρευνας είναι η μελέτη των αντιπροσωπευτικών αυτών θεωρήσεων, αντλώντας υλικό από  τα πεδία της αισθητικής θεωρίας, της φαινομενολογίας και της θεωρίας της αρχιτεκτονικής. Η επίτευξη του παραπάνω στόχου επιχειρείται μέσω της διαδοχικής προσέγγισης κυρίως τεσσάρων εννοιών : της σωματικότητας, της κατοίκησης, της ατμόσφαιρας καθώς και της περιπλάνησης. Οι έννοιες αυτές, δημιουργώντας δεσμούς ανάμεσα στην αντίληψη και τον χώρο, οργανώνουν τα τρία κεφάλαια της εργασίας, ενώ παράλληλα μεταβαίνουν σταδιακά από τη μικρή στη μεγάλη κλίμακα. Πρόκειται για μία σταδιακή κίνηση από τη χωρικότητα του σώματος, στη σωματικότητα του αρχιτεκτονημένου και στη συνέχεια του αστικού χώρου.
Η θεωρητική έρευνα πλαισιώνεται από ανάλογα παραδείγματα σε αρχιτεκτονική και αστική κλίμακα που εξετάζουν κατά πόσο οι θεωρήσεις που μελετώνται είναι ικανές να οδηγήσουν σε μια ιδιαίτερη κατανόηση του πολυδιάστατου χωρικού φαινομένου και μέσα από αυτή σε ένα περισσότερο ανθρωποκεντρικό σχεδιασμό.
Continuous images of Cantor's ternary set
Creators: name: Dreher, Fabian
name: Samuel, Tony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 28A80, 54G20

description: The Hausdorff-Alexandroff Theorem states that any compact metric space is the continuous image of Cantor's ternary set $C$. It is well known that there are compact Hausdorff spaces of cardinality equal to that of $C$ that are not continuous images of Cantor's ternary set. On the other hand, every compact countably infinite Hausdorff space is a continuous image of $C$. Here we present a compact countably infinite non-Hausdorff space which is not the continuous image of Cantor's ternary set.
Renewal theory for random walks on surface groups
Creators: name: Haissinsky, Peter
name: Mathieu, Pierre
name: Mueller, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60G50, 60F05, 60B15

description: We construct a renewal structure for random walks on surface groups. The renewal times are defined as times when the random walks enters a particular type of a cone and never leaves it again. As a consequence, the trajectory of the random walk can be expressed as an "aligned union" of i.i.d. trajectories between the renewal times. Once having established this renewal structure, we prove a central limit theorem for the distance to the origin under exponential moment conditions. Analyticity of the speed and of the asymptotic variance are natural consequences of our approach. Furthermore, our method applies to groups with infinitely many ends and therefore generalizes classic results on central limit theorems on free groups.
description: revised version, to appear in ETDS
title: Ανάπτυξη χημειομετρικού αλγορίθμου πρόβλεψης ιδιοτήτων πετρελαιοειδών από δεδομένα υπέρυθρης φασματοσκοπίας
Creators: name: Τριαντος Αντωνιος-Σταυρος
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2017

description: Στην παρούσα εργασία δημιουργήθηκαν αλγόριθμοι για την πρόβλεψη χημικών ιδιοτήτων  πετρελαϊκών κλασμάτων από δεδομένα απορρόφησης υπέρυθρης φασματοσκοπίας στο εγγύς-NIR και στο μέσο –IR. Συγκεκριμένα αναπτύχθηκαν μαθηματικά μοντέλα πρόβλεψης για το Κινηματικό  Ιξώδες (15oC ), και τον Αριθμό Κετανίου για κλάσματα τύπου Ντίζελ, αλλά και τον Αριθμό Οκτανίων για βενζίνες.

Η χρήση ενός τέτοιου αλγορίθμου είναι ωφέλιμη καθώς μπορεί να αντικαταστήσει τις εργαστηριακές διαδικασίες μέτρησης αυτών των ιδιοτήτων, οι οποίες μπορεί να είναι χρονοβόρες, ή πολύ ακριβές ή και δύσκολες στο να πραγματοποιηθούν, σε αντίθεση με τη συλλογή δεδομένων υπέρυθρης φασματοσκοπίας, όπου είναι εύκολο να παραχθούν και να αξιολογηθούν.
Ο αλγόριθμος  αναπτύχθηκε με τις μεθοδολογίες PLS (Μερικά ελάχιστα τετράγωνα) και PCR (Παλινδρόμηση Κυρίων Συνιστωσών) στο προγραμματιστικό περιβάλλον Matlab.

Για την πρόβλεψη του Αριθμού Κετανίου χρησιμοποιήθηκαν 31 δείγματα όπου με την μεθοδολογία PLS, και έδωσαν ένα μέσο τετραγωνικό σφάλμα (RMSEP) = 0.3179.Το μοντέλο πρόβλεψης παρουσιάζει απόκλιση από την πραγματική = 0.2475%.
               Από το ίδιο σετ φασματοσκοπικών δεδομένων για την πρόβλεψη του Κινηματικού Ιξώδους, έγινε χρήση 21 δειγμάτων όπου με την μεθοδολογία PLS παρουσιάζει μέσο τετραγωνικό σφάλμα (RMSEP) = 0.0319. Το μοντέλο πρόβλεψης παρουσιάζει απόκλιση από την πραγματική = 0.2425%.

        Τέλος με ένα διαφορετικό σετ δεδομένων δημιουργήθηκε το μοντέλο πρόβλεψης Αριθμού Οκτανίων (RON) με χρήση 44 δειγμάτων βενζινών, Το οποίο με την μεθοδολογία PLS, παρουσιάζει ένα μέσο τετραγωνικό σφάλμα (RMSEP) = 0.0034. Το μοντέλο πρόβλεψης παρουσιάζει απόκλιση από την πραγματική = 0.2425%.
Convergence of the Integral Fluctuation Theorem estimator for nonequilibrium Markov systems
Creators: name: Coghi, Francesco
name: Buffoni, Lorenzo
name: Gherardini, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Integral Fluctuation Theorem for entropy production (IFT) is among the few equalities that are known to be valid for physical systems arbitrarily driven far from equilibrium. Microscopically, it can be understood as an inherent symmetry for the fluctuating entropy production rate implying the second law of thermodynamics. Here, we examine an IFT statistical estimator based on regular sampling and discuss its limitations for nonequilibrium systems, when sampling rare events becomes pivotal. Furthermore, via a large deviation study, we discuss a method to carefully setup an experiment in the parameter region where the IFT estimator safely converges and also show how to improve the convergence region for Markov chains with finite correlation time. We corroborate our arguments with two illustrative examples.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures
Costing Out Campus Speaker Restrictions: Response to Frederick Schauer's "The Hostile Audience Revisited"
Creators: name: Goldberg, Suzanne B.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: College campuses
Speeches, addresses, etc.
Universities and colleges--Administration--Costs

description: Frederick Schauer gently points out the challenging, and arguably absurd, situation we find ourselves in today, where a commitment to free expression has enabled provocateurs not only to spew hostile messages into our communities but also to divert extraordinary levels of resources to protect their messaging. Although the psychological costs these speakers impose may be difficult to measure, the financial costs are increasingly clear—and increasingly high in an era when firearms are widely available and open carry is claimed, by some, as an expressive act. Even on campuses and in cities that forbid firearms at protests, the costs associated with safety management along with the attention required by dozens and sometimes hundreds of staff are beyond substantial, as Schauer points out. In fact, there are certainly schools that simply lack the funds to protect yet another vituperative speaker. What then? The remainder of this comment will pick up where Schauer leaves off and explore, preliminarily and tentatively, several options. To be clear, I do not offer or endorse any of these as a policy recommendation. I also want to be clear, again, that I offer these thoughts in my personal capacity and not in connection with any aspect of Columbia University’s policies. Each option presents serious difficulties, as I note below. Each may also be, in some respects, in tension with modern First Amendment jurisprudence and the free expression commitments made by many higher education institutions to which the First Amendment does not apply. And yet, as Schauer suggests, we may do ourselves a disservice if we do not take this conversation some steps further. These ideas are intended as a prompt for such conversation.
CRIRES+ detection of CO emissions lines and temperature inversions on the dayside of WASP-18b and WASP-76b
Creators: name: Yan, F.
name: Nortmann, L.
name: Reiners, A.
name: Piskunov, N.
name: Hatzes, A.
name: Seemann, U.
name: Shulyak, D.
name: Lavail, A.
name: Rains, A. D.
name: Cont, D.
name: Rengel, M.
name: Lesjak, F.
name: Nagel, E.
name: Kochukhov, O.
name: Czesla, S.
name: Boldt-Christmas, L.
name: Heiter, U.
name: Smoker, J. V.
name: Rodler, F.
name: Bristow, P.
name: Dorn, R. J.
name: Jung, Y.
name: Marquart, T.
name: Stempels, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dayside atmospheres of ultra-hot Jupiters (UHJs) are predicted to possess temperature inversion layers with extremely high temperatures at high altitudes. We observed the dayside thermal emission spectra of WASP-18b and WASP-76b with the new CRIRES+ high-resolution spectrograph at near-infrared wavelengths. Using the cross-correlation technique, we detected strong CO emission lines in both planets, which confirms the existence of temperature inversions on their dayside hemispheres. The two planets are the first UHJs orbiting F-type stars with CO emission lines detected; previous detections were mostly for UHJs orbiting A-type stars. Evidence of weak H2O emission signals is also found for both planets. We further applied forward-model retrievals on the detected CO lines and retrieved the temperature-pressure profiles along with the CO volume mixing ratios. The retrieved logarithmic CO mixing ratio of WASP-18b (-2.2) is slightly higher than the value predicted by the self-consistent model assuming solar abundance. For WASP-76b, the retrieved CO mixing ratio (-3.6) is broadly consistent with the value of solar abundance. In addition, we included the equatorial rotation velocity (Veq ) in the retrieval when analyzing the line profile broadening. The obtained Veq is 7.0 km/s for WASP-18b and 5.2 km/s for WASP-76b, which are consistent with the tidally locked rotational velocities.
description: 11 pages, 12 figures; accepted for publication in A&A
Prayon, Friedhelm: Die Etrusker. Geschichte, Religion, Kunst
Creators: name: Wölke, Hansjörg
Publisher: name: Forum Classicum
Year: 2017

description: Rezension zu: Prayon, Friedhelm: Die Etrusker. Geschichte, Religion, Kunst. München: Beck 1996 (Becksche Reihe. 2040. Beck Wissen). 128 S. (ISBN 3-406-41040-5)
description: Forum Classicum, Nr. 2 (1997): Forum Classicum
Beyond the Unnameable
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Informers
Left-wing extremists
Prison riots

description: August 23, 1974: Anita Hoffman and Mayer Vishner live in studio. Hoffman talks about her disappointment with Timothy Leary likely testifying against Weathermen, reading "Prairie Fire" by Weather Underground, and the 1960s
Oliver Schütze (Hg.): Kleines Lexikon griechischer Autoren / Oliver Schütze (Hg.): Kleines Lexikon römischer Autoren
Creators: name: Schmude, Michael P.
Publisher: name: Forum Classicum
Year: 2017

description: Rezension zu: Oliver Schütze (Hg.): Kleines Lexikon griechischer Autoren, Stuttgart (J.B. Metzler) 2015. (ISBN 978-3-476-02706-1).
Oliver Schütze (Hg.): Kleines Lexikon römischer Autoren, Stuttgart (J.B. Metzler) 2015. (ISBN 978-3-476-02707-8)
description: Forum Classicum, Nr. 3 (2016): Forum Classicum
Low-magnetic-field magnetars
Creators: name: Turolla, R.
name: Esposito, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is now widely accepted that soft gamma repeaters and anomalous X-ray pulsars are the observational manifestations of magnetars, i.e. sources powered by their own magnetic energy. This view was supported by the fact that these `magnetar candidates' exhibited, without exception, a surface dipole magnetic field (as inferred from the spin-down rate) in excess of the electron critical field (~4.4E+13 G). The recent discovery of fully-qualified magnetars, SGR 0418+5729 and Swift J1822.3-1606, with dipole magnetic field well in the range of ordinary radio pulsars posed a challenge to the standard picture, showing that a very strong field is not necessary for the onset of magnetar activity (chiefly bursts and outbursts). Here we summarize the observational status of the low-magnetic-field magnetars and discuss their properties in the context of the mainstream magnetar model and its main alternatives.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures; minor changes to match the published version
Acoustic metric and Planck constants
Creators: name: Volovik, G. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on Akama-Diakonov (AK) theory of emergent tetrads, it was suggested\cite{Volovik2023b} that one can introduce two Planck constants, which are the parameters of the corresponding components of Minkowski metric. In the AK theory, the interval $ds$ is dimensionless, as a result the metric elements and thus the Planck constants have nonzero dimensions. The Planck constant $\hbar$ has dimension of time, and the second Planck constant $\hslash$ has dimension of length. It is natural to compare $\hslash$ with the Planck length $l_{\rm P}$, which is related to the Newton constant as $l_{\rm P}^2= \hslash G$. However, this connection remains an open question, because the microscopic (trans-Planckian) physics of the quantum vacuum is not known. Here we study this question using the effective gravity emerging for sound wave quanta (phonons) in superfluid Bose liquid, such as $^4$He, where the microscopic physics is known: it is atomic physics. The elements of the effective acoustic metric are determined by the parameters of this Bose liquid, and as in the AK theory, the interval $ds$ is dimensionless. One may introduce the effective "acoustic Planck constants" as elements of acoustic metric, $g^{μν}_{\rm ac}= {\rm diag}(-\hbar_{\rm ac}^2,\hslash_{\rm ac}^2,\hslash_{\rm ac}^2,\hslash_{\rm ac}^2)$. Then one obtains that the acoustic Planck constant $\hslash_{\rm ac}$ has dimension of length, and in liquid helium it is on the order of the interatomic distance in this liquid, $\hslash_{\rm ac} \sim a$. This supports the scenario in which the Planck constant in the relativistic quantum vacuum is on the order of the Planck length, $\hslash\sim l_{\rm P} \sim G$. We also use the acoustic metric for consideration of the possible dependence of the Planck constant on the Hubble parameter in expanding Universe.
description: 10 pages, no figures, version accepted in JETP Letters
[5/1996, 350-357 der Anregung / Gymnasium (Heft 5, 1996, 387-410) / Damals (Heft 11, 1996) ...]
Creators: name: Rabl, Josef
Publisher: name: Forum Classicum
Year: 2017

description: -
description: Forum Classicum, Nr. 1 (1997): Forum Classicum
Genetic Modifiers of Age at Onset in Carriers of the G206A Mutation in PSEN1 With Familial Alzheimer Disease Among Caribbean Hispanics
Creators: name: Lee, Joseph H.
name: Cheng, Rong
name: Vardarajan, Badri N.
name: Lantigua, Rafael A.
name: Reyes-Dumeyer, Dolly
name: Ortmann, Ward
name: Graham, Robert R.
name: Bhangale, Tushar R.
name: Behrens, Timothy
name: Medrano, Martin
name: Jimenez-Velazquez, Ivonne Z.
name: Mayeux, Richard Paul
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Alzheimer's disease
subject: Alzheimer's disease--Genetic aspects
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neurology

description: IMPORTANCE The present study identified potential genetic modifiers that may delay or accelerate age at onset of familial Alzheimer disease (AD) by examining age at onset in PSEN1 mutation carrier families, and further investigation of these modifiers may provide insight into the pathobiology of AD and potential therapeutic measures. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Using a subset of Caribbean Hispanic families that carry the PSEN1 p.G206A mutation, we performed a 2-stage genome study. The mutation carrier families from an ongoing genetic study served as a discovery set, and the cohort of those with LOAD served as a confirmation set. To identify candidate loci, we performed linkage analysis using 5 p.G206A carrier families (n = 56), and we also performed whole-exome association analysis using 31 p.G206A carriers from 26 families. To confirm the genetic modifiers identified from the p.G206A carrier families, we analyzed the GWAS data for 2888 elderly individuals with LOAD. All study participants were Caribbean Hispanics. RESULTS Linkage analysis of AD identified the strongest linkage support at 4q35 (LOD [logarithm of odds] score, 3.69), and the GWAS of age at onset identified variants on 1p13.1, 2q13, 4q25, and 17p11. In the confirmation stage, genewise analysis identified SNX25, PDLIM3, and 3 SH3 domain genes (SORBS2, SH3RF3, and NPHP1) to be significantly associated with LOAD. Subsequent allelic association analysis confirmed SNX25, PDLIM3, and SORBS2 as genetic modifiers of age at onset of EOAD and LOAD and provided modest support for SH3RF3 and NPHP1. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Our 2-stage analysis revealed that SNX25, PDLIM3, and SORBS2 may serve as genetic modifiers of age at onset in both EOAD and LOAD.
Metal line emission from galaxy haloes at z~1
Creators: name: Dutta, Rajeshwari
name: Fossati, Matteo
name: Fumagalli, Michele
name: Revalski, Mitchell
name: Lofthouse, Emma K.
name: Nelson, Dylan
name: Papini, Giulia
name: Rafelski, Marc
name: Cantalupo, Sebastiano
name: Battaia, Fabrizio Arrigoni
name: Dayal, Pratika
name: Longobardi, Alessia
name: Péroux, Celine
name: Prichard, Laura J.
name: Prochaska, J. Xavier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of the metal-enriched halo gas, traced using MgII and [OII] emission lines, in two large, blind galaxy surveys - the MUSE (Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer) Analysis of Gas around Galaxies (MAGG) and the MUSE Ultra Deep Field (MUDF). By stacking a sample of ~600 galaxies (stellar masses M* ~10^{6-12} Msun), we characterize for the first time the average metal line emission from a general population of galaxy haloes at 0.7 <= z <= 1.5. The MgII and [OII] line emission extends farther out than the stellar continuum emission, on average out to ~25 kpc and ~45 kpc, respectively, at a surface brightness (SB) level of 10^{-20} erg/s/cm2/arcsec2. The radial profile of the MgII SB is shallower than that of the [OII], suggesting that the resonant MgII emission is affected by dust and radiative transfer effects. The [OII] to MgII SB ratio is ~3 over ~20-40 kpc, also indicating a significant in situ origin of the extended metal emission. The average SB profiles are intrinsically brighter by a factor ~2-3 and more radially extended by a factor of ~1.3 at 1.0 < z <= 1.5 than at 0.7 <= z <= 1.0. The average extent of the metal emission also increases independently with increasing stellar mass and in overdense group environments. When considering individual detections, we find extended [OII] emission up to ~50 kpc around ~30-40 percent of the group galaxies, and extended (~30-40 kpc) MgII emission around two z~1 quasars in groups, which could arise from outflows or environmental processes.
description: 24 pages, 21 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS
title: Επεξεργασία GPR δεδομένων με τη μέθοδο χωροθέτησης 3D-Kirchhoff. Εφαρμογή σε δεδομένα από πείραμα σε Sandbox
Creators: name: Ρωσιος Ηρωδιων
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2017

description: Κύριο αντικείμενο της παρούσας διπλωματικής εργασίας, είναι η αξιολόγηση της  επεξεργασίας δεδομένων γεωραντάρ με τη μέθοδο χωροθέτησης 3D-Kirchhoff, καθώς και η σύγκριση της τρισδιάστατης με την δισδιάστατη μέθοδο χωροθέτησης.
 Τα δεδομένα του γεωραντάρ συλλέχθηκαν σε δεξαμενή γεμάτη με άμμο, και μέσα στην άμμο τοποθετήθηκαν διάφορα αντικείμενα. Πραγματοποιήθηκαν μετρήσεις κατά μήκος 71 παράλληλων γραμμών μελέτης. Πρώτα, διασκοπήθηκε η δεξαμενή χωρίς νερό, στην συνέχεια επαναλήφθηκε το πείραμα με την στάθμη του νερού στα 72cm και 48cm.
Αρχικά έγινε απεικόνιση των τριών σετ δεδομένων και υπολογίστηκε η χαρακτηριστική ταχύτητα διάδοσης των Η/Μ κυμάτων με το πρόγραμμα matgpr. Για καλύτερη απεικόνιση των τομών, χρησιμοποιήθηκε το πρόγραμμα rockworks, δημιουργώντας τρισδιάστατη εικόνα. Στην συνέχεια  πραγματοποιήθηκε  χωροθέτηση  χρησιμοποιώντας αλγόριθμους  Kirchhoff  για δύο και τρεις διαστάσεις. Αυτή η μέθοδος ανέδειξε στόχους οι οποίοι δεν ήταν ορατοί. Στο τελευταίο στάδιο της επεξεργασίας, χρησιμοποιήθηκε το πρόγραμμα transform 3D για την τρισδιάστατη αναπαράσταση του όγκου των χωροθετημένων δεδομένων. Το μιγαδικό χαρακτηριστικό στιγμιαίου πλάτους σε κλίμακα dB (dB based Reflection Strength) ανέδειξε τον υδροφόρο ορίζοντα.
Η 3D χωροθέτηση πλεονεκτεί της 2D καθώς αναδεικνύει με καλύτερη ανάλυση τους θαμμένους στόχους συγκεντρώνοντας την ενέργεια των περιθλώμενων από αυτούς κυμάτων στη θέση του στόχου.
Quantum paramagnetism in a non-Kramers rare-earth oxide: Monoclinic $\rm Pr_2Ti_2O_7$
Creators: name: Man, Huiyuan
name: Ghasemi, Alireza
name: Adnani, Moein
name: Siegler, Maxime A.
name: Anber, Elaf A.
name: Li, Yufan
name: Chien, Chia-Ling
name: Taheri, Mitra L.
name: Chu, Ching-Wu
name: Broholm, Collin L.
name: Koohpayeh, Seyed M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Little is so far known about the magnetism of the $\rm A_2B_2O_7$ monoclinic layered perovskites that replace the spin-ice supporting pyrochlore structure for $r_A/r_B>1.78$. We show that high quality monoclinic Pr$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$ single crystals with a three-dimensional network of non-Kramers Pr$^{3+}$ ions that interact through edge-sharing super-exchange interactions, form a singlet ground state quantum paramagnet that does not undergo any magnetic phase transitions down to at least 1.8 K. The chemical phase stability, structure, and magnetic properties of the layered perovskite Pr$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$ were investigated using x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and magnetization measurements. Synthesis of polycrystalline samples with the nominal compositions of Pr$_2$Ti$_{2+x}$O$_7$ ($-0.16 \leq x \leq 0.16$) showed that deviations from the Pr$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$ stoichiometry lead to secondary phases of related, structures including the perovskite phase Pr$_{2/3}$TiO$_3$ and the orthorhombic phases Pr$_4$Ti$_9$O$_{24}$ and Pr$_2$TiO$_5$. No indications of site disordering (stuffing and anti-stuffing) or vacancy defects were observed in the Pr$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$ majority phase. A procedure for growth of high-structural-quality, stoichiometric single crystals of Pr$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$ by the traveling solvent floating zone (TSFZ) method is reported. Thermo-magnetic measurements of single-crystalline Pr$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$ reveal an isolated singlet ground state that we associate with the low symmetry crystal electric field environments that split the $2J+1=9$-fold degenerate spin-orbital multiplets of the four differently coordinated Pr$^{3+}$ ions into 36 isolated singlets resulting in an anisotropic temperature independent van-Vleck susceptibility at low $T$. A small isotropic Curie term is associated with 0.96(2)\% non-interacting Pr$^{4+}$ impurities.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures, 6 tables
Classical and quantum phases of the pyrochlore $S=1/2$ magnet with Heisenberg and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions
Creators: name: Noculak, Vincent
name: Lozano-Gómez, Daniel
name: Oitmaa, Jaan
name: Singh, Rajiv R. P.
name: Iqbal, Yasir
name: Gingras, Michel J. P.
name: Reuther, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the ground state and critical temperature phase diagrams of the classical and quantum $S=1/2$ pyrochlore lattice with nearest-neighbor Heisenberg and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions (DMI). We consider ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic Heisenberg exchange as well as direct and indirect DMI. Classically, three ground states are found: all-in/all-out, ferromagnetic and a locally ordered $XY$ phase, known as $Γ_5$, which displays an accidental classical U(1) degeneracy. Quantum zero-point energy fluctuations are found to lift the classical ground state degeneracy and select the $ψ_3$ state in most parts of the $Γ_5$ regime. Likewise, thermal fluctuations treated classically, select the $ψ_3$ state at $T=0^+$. In contrast, classical Monte Carlo finds that the system orders at $T_c$ in the $ψ_2$ state of $Γ_5$ for antiferromagnetic Heisenberg exchange and indirect DMI with a transition from $ψ_2$ to $ψ_3$ at a temperature $T_{Γ_5}
description: 26 pages, 14 figures
Structure function tensor equations with triple decomposition
Creators: name: Gattere, Federica
name: Chiarini, Alessandro
name: Gallorini, Emanuele
name: Quadrio, Maurizio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exact budget equations are derived for the coherent and stochastic contributions to the second-order structure function tensor. They extend the anisotropic generalised Kolmogorov equations (AGKE) by considering the coherent and stochastic parts of the Reynolds stress tensor, and are useful for the statistical description of turbulent flows with periodic or quasi-periodic features, like e.g. the alternate shedding after a bluff body. While the original AGKE describe production, transport, inter-component redistribution and dissipation of the Reynolds stresses in the combined space of scales and positions, the new equations, called $φ$AGKE, contain the phase $φ$ as an additional independent variable, and describe the interplay among the mean, coherent and stochastic fields at the various phases. The newly derived $φ$AGKE are then applied to a case where an exactly periodic external forcing drives the flow: a turbulent plane channel flow modified by harmonic spanwise oscillations of the wall to reduce drag. The phase-by-phase action of the oscillating transversal Stokes layer generated by the forcing on the near-wall turbulent structures is observed, and a detailed description of the scale-space interaction among mean, coherent and stochastic fields is provided thanks to the $φ$AGKE.
title: The Impact of Promotions on Consumer Purchasing Behaviour in the Red Meat Sector
Creators: name: Kate Felgate, Melanie
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2023

description: The original contribution of this thesis to research is the in-depth analysis of promotions using a database which is unique both in terms of its scale and application. The overall aim of the research was to investigate the impact of promotions within the red meat sector in order to generate a better understanding of which promotions work most effectively. It is hoped that as a result of this research, the industry will be in a better position to influence retailers to implement promotions which will be most beneficial for the retailers, producers and consumers. Currently British livestock farmers are finding it increasingly difficult to make a sustainable living from farming as a result of increased pressure from imports, often resulting in the excessive use of price promotions in an increasingly desperate effort to defend British meat against cheaper imports. Quantitative research was undertaken, through regression analysis, to identify the effects of promotions on sales value, within the beef sector primarily. The analysis used loyalty card purchasing data from dunnhumby, which comprises o f purchasing information from a panel of 14 million supermarket shoppers in the UK. The analysis drills down into the beef category to look specifically at the effects of promotions at the product sub-group level, as well as identifying cross-species and cross-tier substitution effects. The findings revealed significant differences in the ways shoppers respond to different promotions, depending upon characteristics specific to the product, for example based upon the meal occasion it is used for, and the tier of the product, for example whether it is a standard or premium product. One of the key recommendations is that promotions need to be focused more on premium, differentiated products rather than standard lines, since these add more value to the red meat category. This will benefit the British meat industry in the long term, since it entices shoppers away from cheaper, often imported, products, and it encourages British producers to become more competitive by adding value through differentiating their products.