Cheiloneurus hamadryas Noyes 2023, sp.nov.
Creators: name: Noyes, John Stuart
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Encyrtidae
Cheiloneurus
Cheiloneurus hamadryas

description: Cheiloneurus hamadryas sp.nov.   
(Figs 661-672; Hab. E 100)  
 DIAGNOSIS. Female (length about 1.3-1.9mm): body generally dark brown to black with a metallic sheen; antenna (Fig. 664, 668) with scape mostly pale orange margined pale brown; pedicel dorsally brown, pale orange ventrally and apically; funicle orange, sometimes dusky with F6 brown; clava dark brown; mesoscutum with pale setae; fore and hind coxae white, mid coxa mostly white but partially brown; hind femur and tibia partially dark brown; legs otherwise white to pale orange mixed dark brown; fore wing hyaline; head (Fig. 669) 4.2-4.8X as wide as frontovertex, in facial view about as broad as long and subcircular, gena weakly and fairly evenly curved; frontovertex more or less naked medially below anterior ocellus; area between eye and scrobe nearly 2X as wide as anterior ocellus, with shallow sculpture, scrobal margin rounded; interantennal prominence dorsally rounded with only a few setae; mandible with two long, acute, lower teeth and a very short upper tooth; antenna (Figs 664, 668) with scape about 4.5-5X as long as broad; funicle with F1 slightly longer than broad, quadrate or transverse, other segments transverse; flagellum about as long as head width; linear sensilla on F3-F6 or absent from F3; clava 3-segmented, at least as long F2-F6 combined, sensory area extending about 0.5X along ventral surface; mesoscutum mainly with polygonally reticulate sculpture; scutellum with a short, apical tuft of setae, this sometimes absent; wings fully developed; fore wing (Fugs 666, 670) about 2.4-2.5X as long as broad; parastigma not curved downwards; costal cell dorsally with 6-8 setae at apex and a single complete line of setae ventrally; area below proximal part of parastigma with a group of about 15-40 pale setae; apices of postmarginal and stigmal veins not connected by a naked hyaline area (Figs 663m, 665); apical bristle of postmarginal vein very nearly one-third as long as marginal vein; mid tibial spur longer than basitarsus; propodeum (Figs 661, 662) with about 20-40 setae around each spiracle and extending down side; syntergum about as long as mid tibia; ovipositor (Fig. 667) about 3.5-3.9X gonostylus or 1.5X mid tibia; gonostylus about 1.1-1.3X mid tibial spur; exserted part of ovipositor not more than 0.5X mid tibial spur. Male: unknown.   
Female (holotype): length, including ovipositor, 1.89mm; excluding ovipositor, 1.84mm (CPD).  
Head black with a very dull, dark metallic green sheen on frontovertex slightly brighter towards scrobes, scrobal area with a distinct, deep, purple sheen, top of scrobes marked dark, metallic blue-green; some dark blue reflections outside scrobal area; mouth margin metallic dark green mixed coppery and purple; frontovertex with inconspicuous dark brown setae; temple and posterior part of gena below eye metallic green mixed brassy and coppery; remainder of malar space brassy mixed coppery purple; antenna (Fig. 668) with radicle dark brown mixed pale orange; scape pale orange with a faint, incomplete, pale brown stripe along dorsal margin, another proximally along ventral margin; pedicel dorsally brown in proximal two-thirds, pale orange ventrally and apically; funicle pale orange, proximal segments slightly dusky; clava dark brown; thorax mostly dark brown to black; pronotum with a dull coppery purple sheen; mesoscutum, except anteriorly, clothed with fairly conspicuous, evenly distributed, pale, translucent setae and dull, metallic blue-green with some purple reflections, posterior margin dark purple; tegula dark brown; scutellum clothed with dark brown setae, mostly matt, posteriorly with a coppery purple sheen, sides and apex shining metallic green with some coppery reflections; metanotum with slight purple sheen; mesopleuron largely dark purple-brown with some metallic blue and purple reflections in anterior one-third or so; fore coxa white, femur pale orange, femur brown on dorsal margin subapically; fore tibia pale orange with a small, faint brown subbasal spot anteriorly; mid coxa largely brown, apically and ventrally white; mid femur white with an incomplete, narrow subapical dark brown band; mid tibia pale orange with a narrow, incomplete, brown subbasal band; hind coxa white; hind femur white with apical half dark brown; hind tibia dark brown, narrowly pale yellow proximally, apical one-third pale yellow; all tarsi very pale orange; pretarsi brownish; fore wing (Fig. 670) completely hyaline, venation brown; propodeum dark purple-brown; sides metallic blue-green with conspicuous silvery setae in spiracular area; gaster dark purple-brown, Gt1 distinctly metallic blue-green; remainder of gaster mixed brassy, sides of apical tergites metallic blue-green; outer plates of ovipositor dull, dark green; gonostylus dark brown, extreme apex pale orange.  
Head (Fig. 669) about 4.8X as wide as frontovertex with occipital margin sharp and without a median groove to foramen; ocelli forming an angle of about 45°; frontovertex slightly shiny, with conspicuous reticulate sculpture of mesh size generally slightly smaller than diameter of eye facet; scrobes, interantennal prominence and mouth margin with shallow sculpture, almost smooth; temple and gena with distinct irregular, reticulate sculpture, distinctly elongate posteriorly; scrobes moderately deep, meeting dorsally, dorsal and lateral margins weakly rounded; antenna as in Fig. 668; scape hardly broadened and flattened, about 5X as long as broad; funicle with F1 a little longer than broad; all other segments slightly longer than broad to slightly transverse; clava slightly shorter than funicle, both sutures slightly oblique, sensory area forming an oblique truncation that extends about 0.6X along clava; eye reaching occipital margin and clothed in fairly conspicuous setae that are each about as long as diameter of facet; malar sulcus absent; mandible with 2 long, acute lower teeth and a very short upper tooth. Relative measurements: HW 78.5, HH 75, FV 16.5, OD 5, POL 8, OOL 0.5, OCL 6, AOL 13.5, EL 49, EW 42, MS 32, SL 44.5, SW 9.  
Thorax (Fig. 661) with shallow, irregular, polygonally reticulate sculpture on pronotum, of slightly smaller mesh size than diameter of facet; sculpture on mesoscutum largely similar, hardly elongate anteriorly or laterally; sculpture on axilla slightly coarser and reticulate; scutellum mostly with coarse, slightly longitudinally elongate, polygonally reticulate sculpture, extreme apex and sides completely smooth; visible part of mesoscutum about 1.6X as broad as long; scutellum about as long as broad, subapical tuft distinct, but short, setae about one-quarter as long as scutellum; hind femur about 4.3X as long as broad; fore wing with venation and setation as in Figs 665, 670; costal cell with 5 setae dorsally at apex; no naked streak present between apices of postmarginal and stigmal veins (Fig. 675); propodeum (Fig. 661) with numerous setae in spiracular area, side naked, medially slightly less than 0.1X as long as scutellum and medially with a small area of fine, shallow, polygonally reticulate sculpture. Relative measurements: FWL 88, FWW 35; HWL 66, HWW 19.  
Gaster with hypopygium reaching a little less than half-way to apex; ovipositor hardly exserted, the exserted part a little less than one-fifth as long as mid tibial spur; syntergum very nearly as long as mid tibia.  
Paratype. Funicle with linear sensilla present only on F4-F6; gaster without “gland-like” structures on Gt1 or Gt5; gonostylus about 1.1X as long as mid tibial spur; hypopygium Fig. 671; ovipositor Fig. 667. Relative measurements: OL 80.5, GL 20.5 [MT 53].  
Variation. Females vary in overall length from 1.34-1.94mm, the funicle is pale orange to slightly dusky orange with F6 brown, the mesoscutum varies from dull metallic blue-green to moderately bright, metallic green, the head is 4.2-4.8X as wide as the frontovertex, the scape may be 4.5-5X as long as broad, F1 may be transverse, subquadrate (Fig. 664) or slightly longer than broad (Fig. 668), the clava may be about as long as funicle or slightly shorter, the subapical tuft of setae on the scutellum may be absent, the area below the proximal part of the parastigma may have 15-40 pale setae, the marginal vein may vary in relative length (Figs 670, 674), the number of pegs in the filum spinosum varies (Figs 670, 674), the hypopygium varies a little in shape (Figs 671, 672), the ovipositor varies from 3.5-3.9X as long as the gonostylus, the gonostylus is 1.1-1.3X as long as the mid tibial spur and the ovipositor may be hardly exserted or may have the exserted part up to 0.5X as long as the mid tibial spur.  
Male. Unknown.  
DISTRIBUTION. Costa Rica.  
HOSTS. Unknown.  
MATERIAL EXAMINED.  
 Type material. Holotype E: COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, Cacao (ACG), 1100 m, MT/YPT, 26.i-24. ii.1996 (J.S. Noyes). Paratypes: COSTA RICA, 1E, Guanacaste, Santa Rosa NP, Hacienda 2-C, 14.vi-5. vii.1986 (D. Janzen, I.D. Gauld); 1E, same data as holotype; 1E, Guanacaste, ZP Nosara, Fila Maravilla, LN 221350 381700, 800m, #66663, xi-xii.2001 (I. Jiménez); 1E, Alajuela, PN Arenal. Sendero Pilón, 10°27’N 84°43’W, 600m, 26.ii.2003 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, Heredia, Est. Biol. La Selva, 10°24’N 84°01’W, 50-150m, canopy fog Eugenia sp., FOT/76/1-40, 5.i.2000 (INBio / OET); 1E, Puntarenas, San Vito, Las Cruces, Wilson Bot. Gdns, 1500m, 18-22.iii.1990 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, Limón, R.B. Hitoy-Cerere, Send. Bobocara, LN 184250 641800, 300m, #53494, 2-14.x.1999 (F. Umaña). Holotype in MZUCR, paratypes in MZUCR, NHMUK.   
 COMMENTS. See comments under onestas (p. 261) and extillus (p. 271).
description: Published as part of Noyes, John Stuart, 2023, ENCYRTIDAE OF COSTA RICA (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA), 4 Subfamily Encyrtinae: tribes Arrhenophagini, Habrolepidini, Cerapterocerini, Cheiloneurini, Trechnitini, Cercobelini, Polaszekiini, Protyndarichoidini, Gahaniellini and Syrphophagini (part), mainly primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids of Coccoidea and Psylloidea (Hemiptera), pp. 1-921 in Taxonomic Monographs on Neotropical Hymenoptera (Oxford, England) (Oxford, England) 2 (11) on pages 265-267, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8074943