cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
EL CVn-type binaries - Discovery of 17 helium white dwarf precursors in bright eclipsing binary star systems
Creators: name: Maxted, P. F. L.
name: Bloemen, S.
name: Heber, U.
name: Geier, S.
name: Wheatley, P. J.
name: Marsh, T. R.
name: Breedt, E.
name: Sebastian, D.
name: Faillace, G.
name: Owen, C.
name: Pulley, D.
name: Smith, D.
name: Kolb, U.
name: Haswell, C. A.
name: Southworth, J.
name: Anderson, D. R.
name: Smalley, B.
name: Cameron, A. Collier
name: Hebb, L.
name: Simpson, E. K.
name: West, R. G.
name: Bochinski, J.
name: Busuttil, R.
name: Hadigal, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The star 1SWASP J024743.37-251549.2 was recently discovered to be a binary star in which an A-type dwarf star eclipses the remnant of a disrupted red giant star (WASP0247-25B). The remnant is in a rarely-observed state evolving to higher effective temperatures at nearly constant luminosity prior to becoming a very low-mass white dwarf composed almost entirely of helium, i.e., it is a pre-He-WD. We have used the WASP photometric database to find 17 eclipsing binary stars with orbital periods P=0.7 to 2.2 days with similar lightcurves to 1SWASP J024743.37-251549.2. The only star in this group previously identified as a variable star is the brightest one, EL CVn, which we adopt as the prototype for this class of eclipsing binary star. The characteristic lightcurves of EL CVn-type stars show a total eclipse by an A-type dwarf star of a smaller, hotter star and a secondary eclipse of comparable depth to the primary eclipse. We have used new spectroscopic observations for 6 of these systems to confirm that the companions to the A-type stars in these binaries have very low masses (approximately 0.2 solar masses). This includes the companion to EL CVn which was not previously known to be a pre-He-WD. EL CVn-type binary star systems will enable us to study the formation of very low-mass white dwarfs in great detail, particularly in those cases where the pre-He-WD star shows non-radial pulsations similar to those recently discovered in WASP0247-25B.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 18 pages
Energie und Umwelt in Südasien
Creators: name: Schickhoff, Udo
Publisher: name: Südasien
Year: 2022

description: Die Zunahme der Weltbevölkerung und der wirtschaftlichen Aktivitäten lässt die Nachfrage nach Energie weltweit stark ansteigen. Dies gilt vor allem für Entwicklungs- und Schwellenländer, die andererseits immer noch von Energiearmut geprägt sind. In Südasien haben über 800 Millionen Menschen keinen Zugang zu elektrischem Strom, mehr als 700 Millionen sind ausschließlich auf traditionelle Biomasse zum Kochen und Heizen angewiesen. Die gegenwärtige Struktur der Energienutzung, die weltweit zu 80 Prozent auf fossilen Energieträgern beruht, stellt nicht nur ein Entwicklungshemmnis in vielen Ländern dar, sondern birgt auch erhebliche Umweltrisiken. Am schwerwiegendsten ist die Emission langlebiger Treibhausgase wie Kohlendioxid, die bei der Verbrennung fossiler Energieträger in die Atmosphäre gelangen und wesentlich zum globalen Klimawandel beitragen.
description: Südasien, Bd. 28 Nr. 2 (2008): Ökologische Perspektiven
Ctenomys haigi Thomas 1917
Creators: name: Woods, Charles A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1993
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Ctenomyidae
Ctenomys
Ctenomys haigi

description: Ctenomys haigi Thomas, 1917. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9, 3:210. TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina, Chubut Prov., El Maitén, 700 m. DISTRIBUTION: Chubut and Rio Negro Prov., Argentina. SYNONYMS: lentulus, maulinus. COMMENTS: Was combined with mendocinus, but Pearson (1984:231) elevated to a species based on its unique karyotype. The chromosome no. is 2n=50.
description: Published as part of Charles A. Woods, 1993, Order Rodentia - Suborder Hystricognathi, pp. 771-806 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 785, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353083
description: {"references": ["Pearson, O. P. 1984. Taxonomy and natural history of some fossorial rodents of Patagonia, southern Argentina. Journal of Zoology, London, 202: 225 - 237."]}
Scaling relations of cluster elliptical galaxies at z~1.3. Distinguishing luminosity and structural evolution
Creators: name: Saracco, P.
name: Casati, A.
name: Gargiulo, A.
name: Longhetti, M.
name: Lonoce, I.
name: Tamburri, S.
name: Bettoni, D.
name: D'Onofrio, M.
name: Fasano, G.
name: Poggianti, B. M.
name: Boutsia, K.
name: Fumana, M.
name: Sani, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: [Abridged] We studied the size-surface brightness and the size-mass relations of a sample of 16 cluster elliptical galaxies in the mass range 10^{10}-2x10^{11} M_sun which were morphologically selected in the cluster RDCS J0848+4453 at z=1.27. Our aim is to assess whether they have completed their mass growth at their redshift or significant mass and/or size growth can or must take place until z=0 in order to understand whether elliptical galaxies of clusters follow the observed size evolution of passive galaxies. To compare our data with the local universe we considered the Kormendy relation derived from the early-type galaxies of a local Coma Cluster reference sample and the WINGS survey sample. The comparison with the local Kormendy relation shows that the luminosity evolution due to the aging of the stellar content already assembled at z=1.27 brings them on the local relation. Moreover, this stellar content places them on the size-mass relation of the local cluster ellipticals. These results imply that for a given mass, the stellar mass at z~1.3 is distributed within these ellipticals according to the same stellar mass profile of local ellipticals. We find that a pure size evolution, even mild, is ruled out for our galaxies since it would lead them away from both the Kormendy and the size-mass relation. If an evolution of the effective radius takes place, this must be compensated by an increase in the luminosity, hence of the stellar mass of the galaxies, to keep them on the local relations. We show that to follow the Kormendy relation, the stellar mass must increase as the effective radius. However, this mass growth is not sufficient to keep the galaxies on the size-mass relation for the same variation in effective radius. Thus, if we want to preserve the Kormendy relation, we fail to satisfy the size-mass relation and vice versa.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A, updated to match final journal version
The Waveform Digitiser of the Double Chooz Experiment: Performance and Quantisation Effects on PhotoMultiplier Tube Signals
Creators: name: Abe, Y.
name: Akiri, T.
name: Cabrera, A.
name: Courty, B.
name: Dawson, J. V.
name: Gonzalez, L. F. G.
name: Hourlier, A.
name: Ishitsuka, M.
name: de Kerret, H.
name: Kryn, D.
name: Novella, P.
name: Obolensky, M.
name: Perasso, S.
name: Remoto, A.
name: Roncin, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the waveform digitiser used in the Double Chooz experiment. We describe the hardware and the custom-built firmware specifically developed for the experiment. The performance of the device is tested with regards to digitising low light level signals from photomultiplier tubes and measuring pulse charge. This highlights the role of quantisation effects and leads to some general recommendations on the design and use of waveform digitisers.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in JINST
Indolent Small Intestinal CD4+ T-cell Lymphoma Is a Distinct Entity with Unique Biologic and Clinical Features
Creators: name: Margolskee, Elizabeth
name: Jobanputra, Vaidehi
name: Lewis, Suzanne K.
name: Alobeid, Bachir
name: Green, Peter H. R.
name: Bhagat, Govind
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Intestine, Small--Diseases
Lymphomas
HTLV (Viruses)
Molecular biology
Cytology
Oncology

description: Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphomas (EATL) are rare and generally aggressive types of peripheral T-cell lymphomas. Rare cases of primary, small intestinal CD4+ T-cell lymphomas with indolent behavior have been described, but are not well characterized. We describe morphologic, phenotypic, genomic and clinical features of 3 cases of indolent primary small intestinal CD4+ T-cell lymphomas. All patients presented with diarrhea and weight loss and were diagnosed with celiac disease refractory to a gluten free diet at referring institutions. Small intestinal biopsies showed crypt hyperplasia, villous atrophy and a dense lamina propria infiltrate of small-sized CD4+ T-cells often with CD7 downregulation or loss. Gastric and colonic involvement was also detected (n = 2 each). Persistent, clonal TCRβ gene rearrangement products were detected at multiple sites. SNP array analysis showed relative genomic stability, early in disease course, and non-recurrent genetic abnormalities, but complex changes were seen at disease transformation (n = 1). Two patients are alive with persistent disease (4.6 and 2.5 years post-diagnosis), despite immunomodulatory therapy; one died due to bowel perforation related to large cell transformation 11 years post-diagnosis. Unique pathobiologic features warrant designation of indolent small intestinal CD4+ T-cell lymphoma as a distinct entity, greater awareness of which would avoid misdiagnosis as EATL or an inflammatory disorder, especially celiac disease.
Rifaximin-Mediated Changes to the Epithelial Cell Proteome: 2-D Gel Analysis
Creators: name: Schrodt, Caroline
name: McHugh, Erin E.
name: Gawinowicz, Mary Ann
name: DuPont, Herbert L.
name: Brown, Eric L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: DNA-binding proteins
Gel electrophoresis
Epithelial cells
Molecular biology
Cytology

description: Rifaximin is a semi-synthetic rifamycin derivative that is used to treat different conditions including bacterial diarrhea and hepatic encephalopathy. Rifaximin is of particular interest because it is poorly adsorbed in the intestines and has minimal effect on colonic microflora. We previously demonstrated that rifaximin affected epithelial cell physiology by altering infectivity by enteric pathogens and baseline inflammation suggesting that rifaximin conferred cytoprotection against colonization and infection. Effects of rifaximin on epithelial cells were further examined by comparing the protein expression profile of cells pretreated with rifaximin, rifampin (control antibiotic), or media (untreated). Two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis identified 36 protein spots that were up- or down-regulated by over 1.7-fold in rifaximin treated cells compared to controls. 15 of these spots were down-regulated, including annexin A5, intestinal-type alkaline phosphatase, histone H4, and histone-binding protein RbbP4. 21 spots were up-regulated, including heat shock protein (HSP) 90α and fascin. Many of the identified proteins are associated with cell structure and cytoskeleton, transcription and translation, and cellular metabolism. These data suggested that in addition to its antimicrobial properties, rifaximin may alter host cell physiology that provides cytoprotective effects against bacterial pathogens.
Microscopic identification of dissipative modes in relativistic field theories
Creators: name: Saito, Yohei
name: Fujii, Hirotsugu
name: Itakura, Kazunori
name: Morimatsu, Osamu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an argument to support the existence of dissipative modes in relativistic field theories. In an O(N) $φ^4$ theory in spatial dimension $d\le 3$, a relaxation constant $Γ$ of a two-point function in an infrared region is shown to be finite within the two-particle irreducible (2PI) framework at the next-leading order (NLO) of 1/N expansion. This immediately implies that a slow dissipative mode with a dispersion $p_0\sim iΓ\p^2$ is microscopically identified in the two-point function. Contrary, NLO calculation in the one-particle irreducible (1PI) framework fails to yield a finite relaxation constant. Comparing the results in 1PI and 2PI frameworks, one concludes that dissipation emerges from multiple scattering of a particle with a heat bath, which is appropriately treated in the 2PI-NLO calculation through the resummation of secular terms to improve long-time behavior of the two-point function. Assuming that this slow dissipative mode survives at the critical point, one can identify the dynamic critical exponent $z$ for the two-point function as $z=2-η$. We also discuss possible improvement of the result.
description: 16 pages, 11 figures
Talfahrt der Wirtschaft?
Creators: name: Lorenz, Christian
Publisher: name: Südasien
Year: 2022

description: Der Vizepräsident der Weltbank, Praful Patel, hat während seines dreitägigen Pakistanbesuchs Ende März 2008 betont, dass die derzeit international hohen Nahrungsmittel- und Rohstoffpreise eine große Herausforderung für die pakistanische Wirtschaft bedeuten. Auf Regierungsdaten basierende Untersuchungen der Weltbank ergaben, dass zügig umgesetzte Reformen erforderlich seien, um eine ökonomische Krise des Landes zu verhindern.
description: Südasien, Bd. 28 Nr. 2 (2008): Ökologische Perspektiven
Supplementary document for Engineered, Pseudo and Hybrid Anapole States in Silicon Nanoresonator Metasurface - 6320222.pdf
Creators: name: Pradhan, Monica
name: Sharma, Shubhanshi
name: B.N., Shivakiran Bhaktha
name: Varshney, Shailendra
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplementary information gives the information of field distribution pattern, scattering cross-section, normalized intensity, and phase plots
The intrinsic B-mode polarisation of the Cosmic Microwave Background
Creators: name: Fidler, Christian
name: Pettinari, Guido W.
name: Beneke, Martin
name: Crittenden, Robert
name: Koyama, Kazuya
name: Wands, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We estimate the B-polarisation induced in the Cosmic Microwave Background by the non-linear evolution of density perturbations. Using the second-order Boltzmann code SONG, our analysis incorporates, for the first time, all physical effects at recombination. We also include novel contributions from the redshift part of the Boltzmann equation and from the bolometric definition of the temperature in the presence of polarisation. The remaining line-of-sight terms (lensing and time-delay) have previously been studied and must be calculated non-perturbatively. The intrinsic B-mode polarisation is present independent of the initial conditions and might contaminate the signal from primordial gravitational waves. We find this contamination to be comparable to a primordial tensor-to-scalar ratio of $r\simeq10^{-7}$ at the angular scale $\ell\simeq100\,$, where the primordial signal peaks, and $r\simeq 5 \cdot 10^{-5}$ at $\ell\simeq700\,$, where the intrinsic signal peaks. Therefore, we conclude that the intrinsic B-polarisation from second-order effects is not likely to contaminate future searches of primordial gravitational waves.
ValueScope: Unveiling Implicit Norms and Values via Return Potential Model of Social Interactions
Creators: name: Park, Chan Young
name: Li, Shuyue Stella
name: Jung, Hayoung
name: Volkova, Svitlana
name: Mitra, Tanushree
name: Jurgens, David
name: Tsvetkov, Yulia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This study introduces ValueScope, a framework leveraging language models to quantify social norms and values within online communities, grounded in social science perspectives on normative structures. We employ ValueScope to dissect and analyze linguistic and stylistic expressions across 13 Reddit communities categorized under gender, politics, science, and finance. Our analysis provides a quantitative foundation showing that even closely related communities exhibit remarkably diverse norms. This diversity supports existing theories and adds a new dimension--community preference--to understanding community interactions. ValueScope not only delineates differing social norms among communities but also effectively traces their evolution and the influence of significant external events like the U.S. presidential elections and the emergence of new sub-communities. The framework thus highlights the pivotal role of social norms in shaping online interactions, presenting a substantial advance in both the theory and application of social norm studies in digital spaces.
description: First three authors contributed equally. Accepted at EMNLP Findings 2024
Ensemble of Gene Signatures Identifies Novel Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer Activated through PPARγ and TNFα Signaling
Creators: name: Pagnotta, Stefano Maria
name: Laudanna, Carmelo
name: Pancione, Massimo
name: Sabatino, Lina
name: Votino, Carolina
name: Remo, Andrea
name: Cerulo, Luigi
name: Zoppoli, Pietro
name: Manfrin, Erminia
name: Colantuoni, Vittorio
name: Ceccarelli, Michele
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Biochemical markers
subject: Colon (Anatomy)--Cancer
subject: Gene expression
subject: Molecular biology
subject: Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Oncology

description: We describe a novel bioinformatic and translational pathology approach, gene Signature Finder Algorithm (gSFA) to identify biomarkers associated with Colorectal Cancer (CRC) survival. Here a robust set of CRC markers is selected by an ensemble method. By using a dataset of 232 gene expression profiles, gSFA discovers 16 highly significant small gene signatures. Analysis of dichotomies generated by the signatures results in a set of 133 samples stably classified in good prognosis group and 56 samples in poor prognosis group, whereas 43 remain unreliably classified. AKAP12, DCBLD2, NT5E and SPON1 are particularly represented in the signatures and selected for validation in vivo on two independent patients cohorts comprising 140 tumor tissues and 60 matched normal tissues. Their expression and regulatory programs are investigated in vitro. We show that the coupled expression of NT5E and DCBLD2 robustly stratifies our patients in two groups (one of which with 100% survival at five years). We show that NT5E is a target of the TNF-α signaling in vitro; the tumor suppressor PPARγ acts as a novel NT5E antagonist that positively and concomitantly regulates DCBLD2 in a cancer cell context-dependent manner.
Umweltengagement an der Wasserscheide
Creators: name: Paukert, Matthias
Publisher: name: Südasien
Year: 2022

description: Die Umweltsituation eines Landes bildet zugleich seine soziökonomischen und politischen Realitäten ab. In Pakistan steht Umweltschutz unter den Zeichen von Bevölkerungswachstum, Urbanisierung, Entwicklungsdefiziten und den Folgen politischer Transformation.
description: Südasien, Bd. 28 Nr. 2 (2008): Ökologische Perspektiven
Reversible transformations between the non-porous phases of a flexible coordination network enabled by transient porosity
Creators: name: Nikolayenko, Varvara Igorivna
name: Castell, Dominic
name: SENSHARMA, DEBOBROTO
name: Shivanna, Mohana
name: Loots, Leigh
name: A. Forrest, Katherine
name: J. Solanilla-Salinas, Carlos
name: Otake, Ken‐ichi
name: Kitagawa, Susumu
name: J. Barbour, Leonard
name: Space, Brian
name: ZAWOROTKO, MICHAEL
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 34
subject: Chemical sciences
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Flexible metal–organic materials that exhibit stimulus-responsive switching between closed (non-porous) and open (porous) structures induced by gas molecules are of potential utility in gas storage and separation. Such behaviour is currently limited to a few dozen physisorbents that typically switch through a breathing mechanism requiring structural contortions. Here we show a clathrate (non-porous) coordination network that undergoes gas-induced switching between multiple non-porous phases through transient porosity, which involves the difusion of guests between discrete voids through intra-network distortions. This material is synthesized as a clathrate phase with solvent-flled cavities; evacuation afords a single-crystal to single-crystal transformation to a phase with smaller cavities. At 298 K, carbon dioxide, acetylene, ethylene and ethane induce reversible switching between guest-free and gas-loaded clathrate phases. For carbon dioxide and acetylene at cryogenic temperatures, phases showing progressively higher loadings were observed and characterized using in situ X-ray difraction, and the mechanism of diffusion was computationally elucidated.
Demokratischer Neuanfang in Pakistan
Creators: name: Bärthlein, Thomas
Publisher: name: Südasien
Year: 2022

description: Die Wahlen in Pakistan im Februar haben das Land über Nacht verändert: Alte Erzfeinde, die Pakistan People’s Party (PPP) und die Pakistan Muslim League-N von Nawaz Sharif, bilden gemeinsam die Regierung. Überall ist von einem Neubeginn die Rede. Und vom Ex-General Musharraf spricht plötzlich keiner mehr. Wie ist das alles möglich? Und was ist von der neuen Regierung zu erwarten? Thomas Bärthlein hat die Wahlen in Pakistan erlebt und versucht eine Einschätzung.
description: Südasien, Bd. 28 Nr. 2 (2008): Ökologische Perspektiven
Synaptic State Matching: A Dynamical Architecture for Predictive Internal Representation and Feature Detection
Creators: name: Tavazoie, Saeed
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Neural networks (Neurobiology)
subject: Synapses
subject: Perceptual-motor processes
subject: Molecular biology
subject: Biophysics
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Here we explore the possibility that a core function of sensory cortex is the generation of an internal simulation of sensory environment in real-time. A logical elaboration of this idea leads to a dynamical neural architecture that oscillates between two fundamental network states, one driven by external input, and the other by recurrent synaptic drive in the absence of sensory input. Synaptic strength is modified by a proposed synaptic state matching (SSM) process that ensures equivalence of spike statistics between the two network states. Remarkably, SSM, operating locally at individual synapses, generates accurate and stable network-level predictive internal representations, enabling pattern completion and unsupervised feature detection from noisy sensory input. SSM is a biologically plausible substrate for learning and memory because it brings together sequence learning, feature detection, synaptic homeostasis, and network oscillations under a single unifying computational framework.
Strategie für Frieden, Sicherheit und Entwicklung in Afghanistan
Creators: name: Buro, Andreas
Publisher: name: Südasien
Year: 2022

description: Die zivile Strategie für Afghanistan, die hier als Grundlage für weitere Diskussionen in der Friedensbewegung vorgeschlagen wird, ist in hohem Maße ein politisches und nicht ein technokratisches Projekt. Wesentliche Akteure der NATO setzen aus vielerlei Gründen auf ein militärisches Vorgehen, auch wenn dadurch eine friedliche Lösung offenbar in immer weitere Ferne rückt.
description: Südasien, Bd. 28 Nr. 2 (2008): Ökologische Perspektiven
Efficient Partitioning of Memory Systems and Its Importance for Memory Consolidation
Creators: name: Roxin, Alex
name: Fusi, Stefano
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Neuroplasticity
subject: Memory
subject: Synapses
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biochemistry

description: Long-term memories are likely stored in the synaptic weights of neuronal networks in the brain. The storage capacity of such networks depends on the degree of plasticity of their synapses. Highly plastic synapses allow for strong memories, but these are quickly overwritten. On the other hand, less labile synapses result in long-lasting but weak memories. Here we show that the trade-off between memory strength and memory lifetime can be overcome by partitioning the memory system into multiple regions characterized by different levels of synaptic plasticity and transferring memory information from the more to less plastic region. The improvement in memory lifetime is proportional to the number of memory regions, and the initial memory strength can be orders of magnitude larger than in a non-partitioned memory system. This model provides a fundamental computational reason for memory consolidation processes at the systems level.
New Diluted ferromagnetic semiconductor Li(Zn,Mn)P with decoupled charge and spin doping
Creators: name: Deng, Z.
name: Zhao, K.
name: Gu, B.
name: Han, W.
name: Zhu, J. L.
name: Wang, X. C.
name: Li, X.
name: Liu, Q. Q.
name: Yu, R. C.
name: Goko, T.
name: Frandsen, B.
name: Liu, L.
name: Zhang, Jinsong
name: Wang, Yayu
name: Ning, F. L.
name: Maekawa, S.
name: Uemura, Y. J.
name: Jin, C. Q.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of a new diluted magnetic semiconductor, Li(Zn,Mn)P, in which charge and spin are introduced independently via lithium off-stoichiometry and the isovalent substitution of Mn2+ for Zn2+, respectively. Isostructural to (Ga,Mn)As, Li(Zn,Mn)P was found to be a p-type ferromagnetic semiconductor with excess Lithium providing charge doping. First principles calculations indicate that excess Li is favored to partially occupy the Zn site, leading to hole doping. Ferromagnetism is mediated in semiconducting samples of relative low mobile carriers with a small coercive force, indicating an easy spin flip.
description: 18pages, 1 table, 3 Figues
Mapping Differentiation under Mixed Culture Conditions Reveals a Tunable Continuum of T Cell Fates
Creators: name: Antebi, Yaron E.
name: Reich-Zeliger, Shlomit
name: Hart, Yuval
name: Mayo, Avi
name: Eizenberg, Inbal
name: Rimer, Jacob
name: Putheti, Prabhakar
name: Pe'er, Dana
name: Friedman, Nir
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cytokines
subject: Cell differentiation
subject: T cells
subject: Molecular biology
subject: Cytology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Cell differentiation is typically directed by external signals that drive opposing regulatory pathways. Studying differentiation under polarizing conditions, with only one input signal provided, is limited in its ability to resolve the logic of interactions between opposing pathways. Dissection of this logic can be facilitated by mapping the system's response to mixtures of input signals, which are expected to occur in vivo, where cells are simultaneously exposed to various signals with potentially opposing effects. Here, we systematically map the response of naïve T cells to mixtures of signals driving differentiation into the Th1 and Th2 lineages. We characterize cell state at the single cell level by measuring levels of the two lineage-specific transcription factors (T-bet and GATA3) and two lineage characteristic cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-4) that are driven by these transcription regulators. We find a continuum of mixed phenotypes in which individual cells co-express the two lineage-specific master regulators at levels that gradually depend on levels of the two input signals. Using mathematical modeling we show that such tunable mixed phenotype arises if autoregulatory positive feedback loops in the gene network regulating this process are gradual and dominant over cross-pathway inhibition. We also find that expression of the lineage-specific cytokines follows two independent stochastic processes that are biased by expression levels of the master regulators. Thus, cytokine expression is highly heterogeneous under mixed conditions, with subpopulations of cells expressing only IFN-γ, only IL-4, both cytokines, or neither. The fraction of cells in each of these subpopulations changes gradually with input conditions, reproducing the continuous internal state at the cell population level. These results suggest a differentiation scheme in which cells reflect uncertainty through a continuously tuneable mixed phenotype combined with a biased stochastic decision rather than a binary phenotype with a deterministic decision.
Gemeinschaftliche Nutzung von Bewässerungssystemen im Norden Afghanistans
Creators: name: Abdullayev, Iskandar
name: Shah, Usman
Publisher: name: Südasien
Year: 2022

description: Afghanistan wird oft genug der Misswirtschaft bezichtigt wegen seiner fehlenden oder ineffizienten Institutionen zur Versorgung der Bevölkerung mit Nahrung, Wasser und Energie. Deshalb geht ein großer Teil der internationalen Hilfe in die Wiederherstellung der Infrastruktur und in den Auf- und Ausbau von Behörden, die die Grundversorgung der Bevölkerung gewährleisten. Bei der Wasserversorgung hat die internationale Gemeinschaft zunächst Nothilfe geleistet und schon bestehende Versorgungssysteme wiederaufgebaut. Seit 2004 konzentrieren sich jedoch die internationalen Hilfsorganisationen darauf, durch innovative Programme langfristig die Wasserversorgung der Bevölkerung zu gewährleisten und die nationalen Wasserbehörden zu stärken.
description: Südasien, Bd. 28 Nr. 2 (2008): Ökologische Perspektiven
Trends in the Population Prevalence of People Who Inject Drugs in US Metropolitan Areas 1992–2007
Creators: name: Tempalski, Barbara
name: Cleland, Charles M.
name: Pouget, Enrique R.
name: Brady, Joanne E.
name: Cooper, Hannah L. F.
name: Hall, H. Irene
name: Lansky, Amy
name: West, Brooke S.
name: Friedman, Samuel R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Mortality
Drugs--Physiological effect
Intravenous drug abuse
Public health

description: Background:

People who inject drugs (PWID) have increased risk of morbidity and mortality. We update and present estimates and trends of the prevalence of current PWID and PWID subpopulations in 96 US metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) for 1992–2007. Current estimates of PWID and PWID subpopulations will help target services and help to understand long-term health trends among PWID populations.

Methodology:

We calculated the number of PWID in the US annually from 1992–2007 and apportioned estimates to MSAs using multiplier methods. We used four types of data indicating drug injection to allocate national annual totals to MSAs, creating four distinct series of component estimates of PWID in each MSA and year. The four component estimates are averaged to create the best estimate of PWID for each MSA and year. We estimated PWID prevalence rates for three subpopulations defined by gender, age, and race/ethnicity. We evaluated trends using multi-level polynomial models.

Results:

PWID per 10,000 persons aged 15–64 years varied across MSAs from 31 to 345 in 1992 (median 104.4) to 34 to 324 in 2007 (median 91.5). Trend analysis indicates that this rate declined during the early period and then was relatively stable in 2002–2007. Overall prevalence rates for non-Hispanic black PWID increased in 2005 as compared to other racial/ethnic groups. Hispanic prevalence, in contrast, declined across time. Importantly, results show a worrisome trend in young PWID prevalence since HAART was initiated – the mean prevalence was 90 to 100 per 10,000 youth in 1992–1996, but increased to >120 PWID per 10,000 youth in 2006–2007.

Conclusions:

Overall, PWID rates remained constant since 2002, but increased for two subpopulations: non-Hispanic black PWID and young PWID. Estimates of PWID are important for planning and evaluating public health programs to reduce harm among PWID and for understanding related trends in social and health outcomes.
The parallel replica method for simulating long trajectories of Markov chains
Creators: name: Aristoff, David
name: Lelièvre, Tony
name: Simpson, Gideon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65C05, 65C20, 65C40

description: The parallel replica dynamics, originally developed by A.F. Voter, efficiently simulates very long trajectories of metastable Langevin dynamics. We present an analogous algorithm for discrete time Markov processes. Such Markov processes naturally arise, for example, from the time discretization of a continuous time stochastic dynamics. Appealing to properties of quasistationary distributions, we show that our algorithm reproduces exactly (in some limiting regime) the law of the original trajectory, coarsened over the metastable states.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures
Long Gamma Ray Bursts from binary black holes
Creators: name: Janiuk, Agnieszka
name: Charzyński, Szymon
name: Bejger, Michał
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a scenario for the longest duration gamma ray bursts, resulting from the collapse of a massive rotating star in a close binary system with a companion black hole. The primary black hole born during the core collapse is first being spun up and increases its mass during the fallback of the stellar envelope just after its birth. As the companion black hole enters the outer envelope, it provides an additional angular momentum to the gas. After the infall and spiral-in towards the primary, the two black holes merge inside the circumbinary disk. The second episode of mass accretion and high final spin of the post-merger black hole prolongs the gamma ray burst central engine activity. The observed events should have two distinct peaks in the electromagnetic signal, separated by the gravitational wave emission. The gravitational recoil of the burst engine is also possible.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
„Handmade school“ in Rudrapur
Creators: name: Heringer, Anna
Publisher: name: Südasien
Year: 2022

description: In dem abgelegenen Ort Rudrapur (Bangladesch) entsteht ein Modellprojekt für ökologisches Bauen. Erstes Bauwerk ist das 2005-2006 entstandene Schulgebäude für das Modern Education and Training Institute (METI), gebaut von einheimischen Handwerkern gemeinsam mit einem deutsch-österreichischem Team unter Mithilfe von Schülern und Lehrern des METI. Ziel des Projektes „Handmade School in Bangladesh“ ist es, dass bei den Menschen vor Ort vorhandene Potenzial für ökologisches Bauen wieder zu entdecken und die Menschen damit für ihre eigenen traditionellen Techniken zu begeistern. Das Projekt soll Perspektiven für eine dauerhafte Verbesserung der Wohnsituation in den ländlichen Regionen im Norden von Bangladesch eröffnen - ohne Verlust auf ökologischer, ökonomischer und sozialer Ebene. In einem Folgeprojekt geht es jetzt um zweistöckige Wohnhäuser.
description: Südasien, Bd. 28 Nr. 2 (2008): Ökologische Perspektiven
A Role for NF-κB Activity in Skin Hyperplasia and the Development of Keratoacanthomata in Mice
Creators: name: Poligone, Brian
name: Hayden, Matthew S.
name: Chen, Luojing
name: Pentland, Alice P.
name: Jimi, Eijiro
name: Ghosh, Sankar
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: NF-kappa B (DNA-binding protein)
Hyperplasia
Mice as laboratory animals
Keratoacanthoma
Medical sciences
Dermatology
Oncology

description: Background:

Previous studies have implicated NF-κB signaling in both cutaneous development and oncogenesis. However, these studies have been limited in part by the lethality that results from extreme over- or under-expression of NF-κB in available mouse models. Even cre-driven tissue specific expression of transgenes, or targeted deletion of NF-κB can cause cell death. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate a novel mouse model of enhanced NF-κB activity in the skin.

Methods:

A knock-in homologous recombination technique was utilized to develop a mouse model (referred to as PD mice) with increased NF-κB activity.

Results:

The data show that increased NF-κB activity leads to hyperproliferation and dysplasia of the mouse epidermis. Chemical carcinogenesis in the context of enhanced NF-κB activity promotes the development of keratoacanthomata.

Conclusion:

Our findings support an important role for NF-κB in keratinocyte dysplasia. We have found that enhanced NF-κB activity renders keratinocytes susceptible to hyperproliferation and keratoacanthoma (KA) development but is not sufficient for transformation and SCC development. We therefore propose that NF-κB activation in the absence of additional oncogenic events can promote TNF-dependent, actinic keratosis-like dysplasia and TNF-independent, KAs upon chemical carcinogensis. These studies suggest that resolution of KA cannot occur when NF-κB activation is constitutively enforced.
Intra- and Inter-Frequency Brain Network Structure in Health and Schizophrenia
Creators: name: Siebenhühner, Felix
name: Weiss, Shennan A.
name: Coppola, Richard
name: Weinberger, Daniel R.
name: Bassett, Danielle S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Neural networks (Neurobiology)
subject: Entropy
subject: Schizophrenia
subject: Medical sciences
subject: Cytology
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Empirical studies over the past two decades have provided support for the hypothesis that schizophrenia is characterized by altered connectivity patterns in functional brain networks. These alterations have been proposed as genetically mediated diagnostic biomarkers and are thought to underlie altered cognitive functions such as working memory. However, the nature of this dysconnectivity remains far from understood. In this study, we perform an extensive analysis of functional connectivity patterns extracted from MEG data in 14 subjects with schizophrenia and 14 healthy controls during a 2-back working memory task. We investigate uni-, bi- and multivariate properties of sensor time series by computing wavelet entropy of and correlation between time series, and by constructing binary networks of functional connectivity both within and between classical frequency bands (γ, 	β, 	α, and 	θ). Networks are based on the mutual information between wavelet time series, and estimated for each trial window separately, enabling us to consider both network topology and network dynamics. We observed significant decreases in time series entropy and significant increases in functional connectivity in the schizophrenia group in comparison to the healthy controls and identified an inverse relationship between these measures across both subjects and sensors that varied over frequency bands and was more pronounced in controls than in patients. The topological organization of connectivity was altered in schizophrenia specifically in high frequency  and band networks as well as in the γ-β cross-frequency networks. Network topology varied over trials to a greater extent in patients than in controls, suggesting disease-associated alterations in dynamic network properties of brain function. Our results identify signatures of aberrant neurophysiological behavior in schizophrenia across uni-, bi- and multivariate scales and lay the groundwork for further clinical studies that might lead to the discovery of new intermediate phenotypes.
The Influence of Life Expectancy on Retirement Savings
Creators: name: Fan, Jiahe
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2023

description: This study delves into the implications of the Permanent Income Hypothesis (PIH) on retirement savings behavior, placing particular emphasis on variations in life expectancy. Departing from the prevalent assumption of a constant or infinite lifespan in many PIH-based models, I explore the effects of a finite expected life horizon on savings behavior using data from the 2019 Survey of Consumer Finance (SCF). The primary research objective is to discern how variations in life expectancy might lead to different retirement savings. To achieve this, I employ coarsened exact matching (CEM) as my identification strategy. This analysis advances our understanding of retirement savings behavior.
DAPHNE4NFDI
Creators: name: Hannemann, Moritz
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: daphne
nfdi
dpahne4nfdi
metadata
fair

description: Recording data with the help of photons and neutrons is limited to bigger institutes. Besides the limited time slots, this process is also quite expensive. To save resources, DAPHNE4NFDI focuses on creating ontologies and infrastructure to make all data from its participants FAIR. This enables users not only to use existing data but also to automatically fetch data for analysis. This analysis process can also be started in the institute context. This way, analysis can be made repeatable as well, because the used software is stored and versioned at the institutes.
 Three big building blocks for this project are ontologies, metadata catalogs and a common search across all institutes. Onthologies are used to have the same names for the same variable or technique. Meta-data catalogs essentially are databases that store meta-data of the collected data. This meta-data describes the environment the data was collected in. The common search, along with the ontologies and meta-data catalogs, then enable users around the world to search for data by its meta-data.
 A problem that other projects share is the sharing and tracking of data across multiple instances. If a sample is created in one institute and then taken to another one, the data has to be shared. Should the sample be altered or destroyed, this change has to be communicated to everyone else in order to save the whole life-cycle.
 At JCNS we use the instrument control software Nicos. Nicos implements the concepts of data-sinks, which enables us to save the recorded data in multiple ways. To decouple Nicos and the meta-data catalog, we plan to use a structure that buffers every request. The two biggest advantages are network connection independence and logging of all operations.
description: {"references": ["Florian Rhiem, Daniel Kaiser, Malte Deckers, MayerBjoern, rnoffke, Maximilian H, Nicolas CARPi, nilsholle, & User-1236. (2022). sciapp/sampledb: v0.20.0 (v0.20.0). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6327420", "Chris Gwilliams, Gareth Murphy, stephan271, Luke Gorman, Hannes Petri, & Thomas A Caswell. (2019). SciCatProject/catamel v2.9.1 (v2.9.1). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2537740"]}
Numerical Study of the semiclassical limit of the Davey-Stewartson II equations
Creators: name: Klein, C.
name: Roidot, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present the first detailed numerical study of the semiclassical limit of the Davey-Stewartson II equations both for the focusing and the defocusing variant. We concentrate on rapidly decreasing initial data with a single hump. The formal limit of these equations for vanishing semiclassical parameter $ε$, the semiclassical equations, are numerically integrated up to the formation of a shock. The use of parallelized algorithms allows to determine the critical time $t_{c}$ and the critical solution for these $2+1$-dimensional shocks. It is shown that the solutions generically break in isolated points similarly to the case of the $1+1$-dimensional cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation, i.e., cubic singularities in the defocusing case and square root singularities in the focusing case. For small values of $ε$, the full Davey-Stewartson II equations are integrated for the same initial data up to the critical time $t_{c}$. The scaling in $ε$ of the difference between these solutions is found to be the same as in the $1+1$ dimensional case, proportional to $ε^{2/7}$ for the defocusing case and proportional to $ε^{2/5}$ in the focusing case. We document the Davey-Stewartson II solutions for small $ε$ for times much larger than the critical time $t_{c}$. It is shown that zones of rapid modulated oscillations are formed near the shocks of the solutions to the semiclassical equations. For smaller $ε$, the oscillatory zones become smaller and more sharply delimited to lens shaped regions. Rapid oscillations are also found in the focusing case for initial data where the singularities of the solution to the semiclassical equations do not coincide.
Ctenomys knighti Thomas 1919
Creators: name: Woods, Charles A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1993
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Ctenomyidae
Ctenomys
Ctenomys knighti

description: Ctenomys knighti Thomas, 1919. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9, 3:498. TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina, Catamarca Prov., Otro Cerro. DISTRIBUTION: Mountains between Tucumân and La Rioja (W Argentina), north to Salta. SYNONYMS: viperinus. COMMENTS: Cabrera (1961:550) believed viperinus synonymous with knighti. The chromosome no. is 2n=36.
description: Published as part of Charles A. Woods, 1993, Order Rodentia - Suborder Hystricognathi, pp. 771-806 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 785, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353083
Upper limit for superconducting transition temperature in Eliashberg-McMillan theory
Creators: name: Sadovskii, M. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present simple qualitative estimates for the maximal superconducting transition temperature, which may be achieved due to electron - phonon coupling in Eliashberg-McMillan theory. It is shown that in the limit of very strong coupling the upper limit for transition temperature is determined in fact by a combination of atomic constants and density of conduction electrons.
description: 2 pages, minor typos corrected
A Cell System for Phenotypic Screening of Modifiers of SMN2 Gene Expression and Function
Creators: name: Li, Darrick K.
name: Tisdale, Sarah
name: Espinoza-Derout, Jorge
name: Saieva, Luciano
name: Lotti, Francesco
name: Pellizzoni, Livio
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Gene expression
subject: Spinal muscular atrophy
subject: Cell proliferation
subject: Motor neurons
subject: Medical sciences
subject: Cytology
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an inherited neurodegenerative disease caused by homozygous inactivation of the SMN1 gene and reduced levels of the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. Since higher copy numbers of the nearly identical SMN2 gene reduce disease severity, to date most efforts to develop a therapy for SMA have focused on enhancing SMN expression. Identification of alternative therapeutic approaches has partly been hindered by limited knowledge of potential targets and the lack of cell-based screening assays that serve as readouts of SMN function. Here, we established a cell system in which proliferation of cultured mouse fibroblasts is dependent on functional SMN produced from the SMN2 gene. To do so, we introduced the entire human SMN2 gene into NIH3T3 cell lines in which regulated knockdown of endogenous mouse Smn severely decreases cell proliferation. We found that low SMN2 copy number has modest effects on the cell proliferation phenotype induced by Smn depletion, while high SMN2 copy number is strongly protective. Additionally, cell proliferation correlates with the level of SMN activity in small nuclear ribonucleoprotein assembly. Following miniaturization into a high-throughput format, our cell-based phenotypic assay accurately measures the beneficial effects of both pharmacological and genetic treatments leading to SMN upregulation. This cell model provides a novel platform for phenotypic screening of modifiers of SMN2 gene expression and function that act through multiple mechanisms, and a powerful new tool for studies of SMN biology and SMA therapeutic development.