cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Reaction of upland rice genotypes to the brown spot disease pathogen Bipolaris oryzae
Creators: name: Marco, Martin Mwendo
name: Mildred, Ocwo-Ssemakula
name: Jimmy, Lamo
name: Paul, Gibson
name: Richard, Edema
name: Marco, Martin Mwendo
name: Mildred, Ocwo-Ssemakula
name: Jimmy, Lamo
name: Paul, Gibson
name: Richard, Edema
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Brown spot
subject: Bipolaris oryzae
subject: Oryza sativa
subject: sources of resistance
subject: Uganda

description: Low yields in rice (Oryza sativa L.) are attributed to several factors but diseases represent one of the main constraints. The Brown spot disease (caused by Bipolaris oryzae (Breda de Haan) Shoem) in most cases causes considerable losses in rice growing areas. These yield loses could be averted through development and deployment of resistant varieties. In this study, a field experiment was conducted at the National Crops Resources Research Institute (NaCRRI) – Namulonge, Uganda during 2013 with the objective of identifying new sources of resistance to brown spot disease. Among the 100 tested rice lines, 18 lines were rated as highly resistant, 52 resistant, 27 moderately resistant and three lines including the checks were susceptible. The results revealed that there was significant variation in brown spot resistance among the genotypes tested. The identified resistant lines will be utilized in rice breeding program in Uganda for development of brown spot resistant genotypes.
Cahn-Hilliard-Brinkman systems for tumour growth
Creators: name: Ebenbeck, Matthias
name: Garcke, Harald
name: Nürnberg, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35K35, 35K57, 35Q92, 35R35, 35C20, 65M60, 92C42

description: A phase field model for tumour growth is introduced that is based on a Brinkman law for convective velocity fields. The model couples a convective Cahn-Hilliard equation for the evolution of the tumour to a reaction-diffusion-advection equation for a nutrient and to a Brinkman-Stokes type law for the fluid velocity. The model is derived from basic thermodynamical principles, sharp interface limits are derived by matched asymptotics and an existence theory is presented for the case of a mobility which degenerates in one phase leading to a degenerate parabolic equation of fourth order. Finally numerical results describe qualitative features of the solutions and illustrate instabilities in certain situations.
description: 46 pages, 15 figures
Higher Twist Effects in Polarized DIS
Creators: name: Leader, Elliot
name: Sidorov, Alexander V.
name: Stamenov, Dimiter B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The size of higher twist corrections to the spin proton and neutron g1 structure functions and their role in determining the polarized parton densities in the nucleon is discussed.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, to appear in the proceedings of First Workshop on Quark-Hadron Duality and the Transition to pQCD, Frascati, June 6-8, 2005
First Results on Dark Matter Substructure from Astrometric Weak Lensing
Creators: name: Mondino, Cristina
name: Taki, Anna-Maria
name: Van Tilburg, Ken
name: Weiner, Neal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Low-mass structures of dark matter (DM) are expected to be entirely devoid of light-emitting regions and baryons. Precisely because of this lack of baryonic feedback, small-scale substructures of the Milky Way are a relatively pristine testing ground for discovering aspects of DM microphysics and primordial fluctuations on subgalactic scales. In this work, we report results from the first search for Galactic DM subhalos with time-domain astrometric weak gravitational lensing. The analysis is based on a matched-filter template of local lensing corrections to the proper motion of stars in the Magellanic Clouds. We describe a data analysis pipeline detailing sample selection, background subtraction, and handling outliers and other systematics. For tentative candidate lenses, we identify a signature based on an anomalous parallax template that can unequivocally confirm the presence of a DM lens, opening up prospects for robust discovery potential with full time-series data. We present our constraints on substructure fraction $f_l \lesssim 5$ at 90% CL (and $f_l \lesssim 2$ at 50% CL) for compact lenses with radii $r_l < 1\,\mathrm{pc}$, with best sensitivity reached for lens masses $M_l$ around $10^7$-$10^8\,M_\odot$. Parametric improvements are expected with future astrometric data sets; by end of mission, $Gaia$ could reach $f_l \lesssim 10^{-3}$ for these massive point-like objects, and be sensitive to lighter and/or more extended subhalos for $\mathcal{O}(1)$ substructure fractions.
description: 9 pages, 11 figures
Probability distribution of the order parameter
Creators: name: Martins, P. H. L.
name: Plascak, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The probability distribution of the order parameter is exploited in order to obtain the criticality of magnetic systems. Monte Carlo simulations have been employed by using single spin flip Metropolis algorithm aided by finite-size scaling and histogram reweighting techniques. A method is proposed to obtain this probability distribution even when the transition temperature of the model is unknown. A test is performed on the two-dimensional spin-1/2 and spin-1 Ising model and the results show that the present procedure can be quite efficient and accurate to describe the criticality of the system.
description: 5 pages, 7 figures, to appear in Braz. J. Phys. 34, June 2004
Additional file 3 of Novel monoclonal antibodies against thymidine kinase 1 and their potential use for the immunotargeting of lung, breast and colon cancer cells
Creators: name: Velazquez, Edwin J.
name: Brindley, Taylor D.
name: Shrestha, Gajendra
name: Bitter, Eliza E.
name: Cress, Jordan D.
name: Townsend, Michelle H.
name: Berges, Bradford K.
name: Robison, Richard A.
name: Weber, K. Scott
name: O’Neill, Kim L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 3. Flow cytometry analysis of MDA-231 cells with the custom TK1 antibodies.
Advection by large-scale spiral flows in galaxy clusters
Creators: name: Naor, Yossi
name: Keshet, Uri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The intracluster medium of a galaxy cluster often shows an extended quasi-spiral structure, accentuated by tangential discontinuities known as cold fronts (CFs). These discontinuities are thought to isolate between low-entropy, high-metallicity gas inside (i.e., below) the CF that was lifted from the center of the cluster by some radial factor $f_i$, and high-entropy, low-metallicity gas outside the CF that was pushed inward by a factor $f_o$. We find broad support for such a picture, by comparing the entropy and metallicity discontinuities with the respective azimuthal averages, using newly deprojected thermal profiles in clusters A2029, A2142, A2204 and Centaurus, supplemented by deprojected CFs from the literature. In particular, the mean advection factors $f_K$ and $f_Z$, inferred respectively from entropy and metallicity, strongly correlate ($\mathcal{R}=0.7^{+0.2}_{-0.3}$) with each other, consistent with large-scale advection. However, unlike sloshing simulations, in which the inside/outside phases are an inflow/outflow settling back to equilibrium after a violent perturbation, our results are more consistent with an outflow/inflow, with the fast, Mach $\mathcal{M}_i\sim0.8$ gas inside the CF being a rapidly heated or mixed outflow, probably originating from the cD galaxy, and gas outside the CF being a $\mathcal{M}_o\sim0.03$, slowly-cooling inflow. In particular, entropy indicates an outside advection factor $f_{Ko}\simeq 1.33\pm0.04$ that is approximately constant in all CFs, gauging the distance traversed by inflowing gas within a cooling time. In contrast, $1.1\lesssim f_{Ki}\lesssim 2.5$ and $1\lesssim f_Z\lesssim 17$ vary considerably among clusters, and strongly correlate ($3.1σ\text{-}4.2σ$) with the virial mass, $f_{Ki}\propto M_{200}^{0.14\pm0.07}$ and $f_Z\propto M_{200}^{1.4\pm0.4}$, suggesting that each cluster sustains a quasi-steady spiral flow.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures, 3 tables; comments welcome
Circular Modes for Linacs
Creators: name: Gilanliogullari, Onur
name: Mustapha, Brahim
name: Snopok, Pavel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Circular mode beams are beams with non-zero angular momentum and strong inter-plane coupling. This coupling can be achieved in linear accelerators (linacs) through magnetization of electrons or ions at the source. Depending on the magnetization strength, the intrinsic eigenmode emittance ratio can be large, which produces intrinsic flatness. This flatness can either be converted to real space flatness or can be maintained as round coupled beam through the system. In this paper, we discuss rotation invariant designs that allow circular modes to be transported through the lattice while accelerating the beam and maintaining its circularity. We demonstrate that with rotation invariant designs the circularity of the mode can be preserved as round beam while maintaining intrinsic flatness to be converted to flat beam for high brightness or injected into a ring.
The deconfining phase transition in full QCD with two dynamical flavors
Creators: name: Cea, Paolo
name: Cosmai, Leonardo
name: D'Elia, Massimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the deconfining phase transition in SU(3) pure gauge theory and in full QCD with two flavors of staggered fermions. The phase transition is detected by measuring the free energy in presence of an abelian monopole background field. In the pure gauge case our finite size scaling analysis is in agreement with the well known presence of a weak first order phase transition. In the case of 2 flavors full QCD we find, using the standard pure gauge and staggered fermion actions, that the phase transition is consistent with weak first order, contrary to the expectation of a crossover for not too large quark masses and in agreement with results obtained by the Pisa group.
description: 23 pages, 11 figures, 4 tables (minor typos corrected, references updated, accepted for publication on JHEP)
Mechanism of Impact of Entrepreneurial Spirit on the Development of Small and Medium-sized Private Enterprises in China
Creators: name: CHEN Feihong
name: LI Jiayue
name: PENG Yisheng
name: ZHAN Xi
name: CHEN Feihong
name: LI Jiayue
name: PENG Yisheng
name: ZHAN Xi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Small and medium-sized private enterprises, Entrepreneurial spirit, Impact mechanism

description: As a necessary factor for a successful business, entrepreneurial spirit is an important means for enterprises to survive in the unstable environment of fierce competition. Under the circumstance of mass entrepreneurship and innovation, a large number of small and medium-sized private enterprises have emerged in all walks of life in China. This paper examines the differences in the definition of entrepreneurial spirit by different scholars, the influence of Chinese entrepreneurship on the development of small and medium-sized private enterprises, the origin of the spirit of private entrepreneurs with Chinese characteristics, and the disadvantages of the spirit of small and medium-sized private entrepreneurs in China. It is necessary to further improve entrepreneurial spirit to contribute to the development of small and medium-sized private enterprises and help China to build the national economic system.
Analysis of Pork Price Cycle and Its Relationship with CPI
Creators: name: CHENG Suyun
name: HU JIN
name: CHENG Suyun
name: HU JIN
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Pig price cycle, Pork prices, CPI

description: Since the second half of 2015, the price of pork has come into a new round of rising cycle, especially from January to April of 2016, pork prices continued rising. Excessive rising of pork prices sparks people's concern about CPI rising. It is of practical significance to discussing the fluctuation cycle of pork price and its relationship with CPI. In this context, we do empirical research on pork cycle and price fluctuations with CPI relationships. From January 2000 to March 2016, based on a total of 195 samples, using Eviews6.0 metrology software, we draw the following conclusions: fluctuations in the price of pork did Granger cause CPI, the impact of pork price fluctuations on the CPI was significant and the effect significantly was enhanced after certain lag; CPI did not Granger cause pork price fluctuations, CPI had no significant effect on the price of pork; pork price was affected by its own large contribution, and there was a certain time lag effect of the impact; CPI had a positive impact on itself, for its contribution is relatively large. Finally we put forward relative strategies.
A Study on the Operating Model of Internet+QQ Farm
Creators: name: ZHANG Yuyu
name: YONG Chengjian
name: WU Zhixing
name: HUA Jinzhu
name: LIU Jiani
name: HU Jingxiang
name: YAO Liyuan
name: ZHANG Yuyu
name: YONG Chengjian
name: WU Zhixing
name: HUA Jinzhu
name: LIU Jiani
name: HU Jingxiang
name: YAO Liyuan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Internet+QQ farm, Leisure agriculture, Creative agriculture, Operating model

description: The "Internet+QQ farm" creative agriculture presented in this paper is the innovation based on the currently booming reality QQ farm, aimed at reducing cost, improving efficiency and optimizing human and material resource elements. It can make Internet provide technical support for intelligence-based life, leisure, entertainment, with good prospects for development.
Safety in darkness: Higgs portal to simple Yukawa systems
Creators: name: Eichhorn, Astrid
name: Pauly, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nature of dark matter and the fundamental quantum structure of spacetime could be directly linked in the asymptotic-safety framework. A toy model for the visible Higgs-Yukawa sector of the Standard Model, coupled to a dark sector through a portal coupling, provides a very first example for a model that simultaneously i) could become asymptotically safe at non-vanishing portal coupling, ii) could feature a strongly enhanced predictive power with calculable values for all interactions and thereby iii) give rise to calculable relations between the masses of the dark particles, their self-interactions, and the portal coupling.
description: 5 pages plus references. v2: matches published version
Development and Use of Rural Finance: A Case Study of Village A in Sichuan Province
Creators: name: ZENG Weilian
name: BAI Jianhua
name: SHI Xueping
name: ZENG Weilian
name: BAI Jianhua
name: SHI Xueping
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Rural mobile finance, Development diffusion, Use

description: Mobile finance plays a great role in solving problems of rural finance, such as insufficient physical outlets and excessive high transaction cost. Based on the field survey data of Village A in Sichuan Province, analysis and study were carried out on the development and use of rural mobile finance. The results indicated that the degree of use of rural mobile finance is not high. Mobile finance is mainly used in the young and the middle aged people with high educational level, engaged in non-agricultural industry, and with lower middle income. The business is single and mainly concentrated in shopping and transfer of account.
Additional file 2 of Novel monoclonal antibodies against thymidine kinase 1 and their potential use for the immunotargeting of lung, breast and colon cancer cells
Creators: name: Velazquez, Edwin J.
name: Brindley, Taylor D.
name: Shrestha, Gajendra
name: Bitter, Eliza E.
name: Cress, Jordan D.
name: Townsend, Michelle H.
name: Berges, Bradford K.
name: Robison, Richard A.
name: Weber, K. Scott
name: O’Neill, Kim L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 2. Flow cytometry analysis of NCI-H460 cells with the custom TK1 antibodies.
Roy's equations and the pion-pion experimental data
Creators: name: Kaminski, R.
name: Lesniak, L.
name: Loiseau, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Roy's equations are used to check if the scalar-isoscalar pion-pion scattering amplitudes fitted to experimental data fulfill crossing symmetry conditions. It is shown that the amplitudes describing the ``down-flat'' phase shift solution satisfy crossing symmetry below 1 GeV while the amplitudes fitted to the "up-flat'' data do not. In this way the long standing "up-down" ambiguity in the phenomenological determination of the scalar-isoscalar pion-pion amplitudes has been resolved confirming the independent result of the recent joint analysis of the pi+pi- and pi0pi0 data.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, talk given at Tenth International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy (Hadron'03), Aschaffenburg, Germany, August 31 - September 6 2003
A robust two-parameter description of the stellar profile of elliptical galaxies
Creators: name: Sonnenfeld, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The stellar density profile a galaxy is typically summarised with two numbers: total stellar mass and half-light radius. The total mass of a galaxy, however, is not a well-defined quantity, due to the finite depth of photometric observations and the arbitrariness of the distinction between galaxy and diffuse intra-group light. This limits our ability to make accurate comparisons between models and observations. I wish to provide a more robust two-parameter description of the stellar density distribution of elliptical galaxies, in terms of quantities that can be measured unambiguously. I propose to use the stellar mass enclosed within 10 kpc in projection, $M_{*,10}$, and the mass-weighted stellar density slope within the same aperture, $Γ_{*,10}$, for this purpose. I measured the distribution in $M_{*,10}$ and $Γ_{*,10}$ of a sample of elliptical galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and the Galaxy And Mass Assembly survey, using photometry from the Hyper Suprime-Cam survey. The pair of values of $(M_{*,10},Γ_{*,10})$ can be used to predict the stellar density profile in the inner 10 kpc of a galaxy with better than 20% accuracy. Similarly, $M_{*,10}$ and $Γ_{*,10}$ can be combined to obtain a proxy for stellar velocity dispersion at least as good as the stellar mass fundamental plane. As a first application, I then compared the observed $M_{*,10}-Γ_{*,10}$ relation of elliptical galaxies with that of similarly selected galaxies in the EAGLE Reference simulation. Observed and simulated galaxies match at $M_{*,10}=10^{11}M_\odot$, but the EAGLE $M_{*,10}-Γ_{*,10}$ relation is shallower and has a larger intrinsic scatter compared to observations. This new parameterisation of the stellar density profile of massive elliptical galaxies provides a more robust way of comparing results from different photometric surveys and from hydrodynamical simulations.
description: 13 pages, 13 figures, submitted to Astronomy & Astrophysics
Fruit and Tree Nuts Outlook
Creators: name: Perez, Agnes
name: Ferreira, Gustavo
name: Minor, Travis
name: Perez, Agnes
name: Ferreira, Gustavo
name: Minor, Travis
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Fruit
subject: Tree Nuts
subject: Outlook
subject: Price

description: Smaller Crops To Boost Fresh-Market Apple, Pear, and Grape Grower Prices
Vorasidenib: First Approval
Creators: name: Lamb, Yvette N.
Publisher: name: Adis Journals
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine

description: Declarations
Funding The preparation of this review was not supported by any external funding.
Authorship and Conflict of interest During the peer review process the manufacturer of the agent under review was offered an opportunity to comment on the article. Changes resulting from any comments received were made by the authors on the basis of scientific completeness and accuracy. Yvette N. Lamb is a contracted employee of Adis International Ltd/Springer Nature, and declares no relevant conflicts of interest. All authors contributed to the review and are responsible for the article content.
Ethics approval, Consent to participate, Consent to publish, Availability of data and material, Code availability not applicable
Additional information about this Adis Drug Review can be found here.
Abstract 
Vorasidenib (VORANIGO®; Servier) is an orally administered, first-in-class, highly brain-penetrant dual inhibitor of mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1/2) enzymes being developed for use in IDH-mutant diffuse glioma. Vorasidenib received its first approval on 6 August 2024, in the USA, for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients aged 12 years and older with grade 2 astrocytoma or oligodendroglioma with a susceptible IDH1 or IDH2 mutation following surgery, including biopsy, sub-total resection, or gross total resection. Approval was based on results from the multinational phase III INDIGO trial, in which vorasidenib significantly improved progression-free survival and time to the next anticancer intervention relative to placebo. In the EU and other countries worldwide, regulatory review of vorasidenib in IDH-mutant glioma is currently underway. This article summarizes the milestones in the development of vorasidenib leading to this first approval for glioma.
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024
Arms Race in Adversarial Malware Detection: A Survey
Creators: name: Li, Deqiang
name: Li, Qianmu
name: Ye, Yanfang
name: Xu, Shouhuai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: A.1
subject: 68-06

description: Malicious software (malware) is a major cyber threat that has to be tackled with Machine Learning (ML) techniques because millions of new malware examples are injected into cyberspace on a daily basis. However, ML is vulnerable to attacks known as adversarial examples. In this paper, we survey and systematize the field of Adversarial Malware Detection (AMD) through the lens of a unified conceptual framework of assumptions, attacks, defenses, and security properties. This not only leads us to map attacks and defenses to partial order structures, but also allows us to clearly describe the attack-defense arms race in the AMD context. We draw a number of insights, including: knowing the defender's feature set is critical to the success of transfer attacks; the effectiveness of practical evasion attacks largely depends on the attacker's freedom in conducting manipulations in the problem space; knowing the attacker's manipulation set is critical to the defender's success; the effectiveness of adversarial training depends on the defender's capability in identifying the most powerful attack. We also discuss a number of future research directions.
description: 35 pages, 5 figures
Sound propagation in a two-dimensional Bose gas across the superfluid transition
Creators: name: Singh, Vijay Pal
name: Mathey, Ludwig
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by recent experiments in Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 145301 (2018), we study sound propagation in a two-dimensional (2D) Bose gas across the superfluid-thermal transition using classical field dynamics. Below the transition temperature we find a Bogoliubov and a non-Bogoliubov mode, above it we find the normal sound mode and the diffusive mode, as we determine from the dynamical structure factor. Our simulations of the experimental procedure agree with the measured velocities, and show that below the transition temperature the measurements detect the Bogoliubov mode. Above the transition, they either detect the normal sound mode for low densities or weak interactions, or the diffusive mode for high densities or strong interactions. As a key observation, we discuss the weak coupling regime in which the non-Bogoliubov mode has a higher velocity than the Bogoliubov mode, in contrast to a hydrodynamic scenario. We propose to detect this regime via step-pulse density perturbation, which simultaneously detects both sound modes
description: 11 pages, 11 figures, 1 table
Electrical probes of the non-Abelian spin liquid in Kitaev materials
Creators: name: Aasen, David
name: Mong, Roger S. K.
name: Hunt, Benjamin M.
name: Mandrus, David
name: Alicea, Jason
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent thermal-conductivity measurements evidence a magnetic-field-induced non-Abelian spin liquid phase in the Kitaev material $α$-$\mathrm{RuCl}_{3}$. Although the platform is a good Mott insulator, we propose experiments that electrically probe the spin liquid's hallmark chiral Majorana edge state and bulk anyons, including their exotic exchange statistics. We specifically introduce circuits that exploit interfaces between electrically active systems and Kitaev materials to `perfectly' convert electrons from the former into emergent fermions in the latter---thereby enabling variations of transport probes invented for topological superconductors and fractional quantum Hall states. Along the way we resolve puzzles in the literature concerning interacting Majorana fermions, and also develop an anyon-interferometry framework that incorporates nontrivial energy-partitioning effects. Our results illuminate a partial pathway towards topological quantum computation with Kitaev materials.
description: 35 pages, 17 figures
HIV/AIDS and Labour Productivity in Kenyan Manufacturing
Creators: name: Mwange, Nancy Nelima Nafula
name: Mwange, Nancy Nelima Nafula
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: health concerns
subject: HIV/AIDS
subject: labour productivity
subject: firm performance

description: The article investigates labour productivity effects of workers’ concerns about HIV/AIDS on firm revenues and wages. Using cross-sectional data from Kenyan manufacturing firms, the article demonstrates that firm expenditures on medical care improve the mental health of workers, as proxied by concerns about HIV/AIDS, and in turn, a reduction in concerns is associated with increased labour productivity. Policy implications of the study findings are highlighted.
Low frequency radio monitoring of Cygnus X-1 and Cygnus X-3
Creators: name: Pandey, M.
name: Rao, A. P.
name: Pooley, G. G.
name: Durouchoux, P.
name: Manchanda, R. K.
name: Ishwara-Chandra, C. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results of monitoring observations of the micro-quasars CygnusX-1 and Cygnus X-3 at 0.61 and 1.28 GHz. The observations were performed with Giant Meter-wave Radio Telescope, GMRT, between 2003 June and 2005 January. Variable, unresolved sources were found in both cases. Cyg X-1 was detected in about half of the observations, with a median flux density about 7 mJy at each frequency. The results show clearly that there is a break in the spectrum above 1.28 GHz. The variations in Cyg X-1 may be due to refractive interstellar scintillation. Cyg X-3 was detected in each observation, and varied by a factor of 4. For this source, models of the scintillation suggest a very long timescale (of the order of 40 yr at 1.28 GHz), and therefore we believe that the variations are intrinsic to the source.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures, accpeted in A&A
title: Investigating genetic determinants of ankylosing spondylitis
Creators: name: Jaakkola, Elisa Johanna
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2003

description: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a common form of inflammatory arthritis, occurring in approximately 0.1% of the British and Finnish populations. The genetic contribution to the disease susceptibility accounts for >90% of the population variance, and the disease severity is also predominantly genetically determined. HLA-B27 has been strongly associated with the disease world-wide, but although it is almost essential for the inheritance of AS, the attributable risk of HLA-B27 has been estimated to be 16-50%, leaving a large component of the genetic variance to be discovered. The influence of a positional and biological candidate gene, transforming growth factor β1 (TGFB1), was investigated in a Finnish and British population. A weak association between the rare TGFB1 1627 T allele and susceptibility to, and age of symptom onset of, AS was noted. However the lack of association of TGFB1 promoter polymorphisms, which are in LD with the TGFB1 1627 alleles, with AS in families with positive non-parametric linkage scores at the locus indicates that these polymorphisms do not explain the observed linkage of disease susceptibility to chromosome 19. A novel high throughput HLA-DRB1 genotyping method based on multiplex primer extension reactions was developed. This method allows rapid and cost-effective screening of a large number of samples. The effect of HLA genes and haplotypes in susceptibility to, and severity of, AS was investigated in the Finnish population. An overrepresentation of HLA-B27 homozygotes was noted in cases with AS compared with the expected number of HLAB27 homozygotes under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Significant associations between both HLA-B27 and HLA-DRB1*08 and a younger age of symptom onset was noted suggesting that genes within the MHC are involved in determining the age of symptom onset. A haplotype-based case-control study noted no association between HLA-DRB1-B27 haplotypes and AS susceptibility, but this study was underpowered. The effect of CYP2D6*4 poor metaboliser allele was investigated in the Finnish AS families. No association was noted, but due to lack of power this study could not exclude a true positive association with the disease. In summary, a novel HLA-DRB1 genotyping technique was developed to enable the assessment of the contribution of HLA-DRB1 genes in a large number of AS samples. HLA-B27 homozygosity was increased in cases with AS compared with the expected number of HLA-B27 homozygotes. HLA-B27 and HLA-DRB1*08 alleles were significantly associated with a younger age of symptom onset in AS. TGFB1 gene polymorphisms do not appear to have a major impact in AS.
Additional file 1 of Novel monoclonal antibodies against thymidine kinase 1 and their potential use for the immunotargeting of lung, breast and colon cancer cells
Creators: name: Velazquez, Edwin J.
name: Brindley, Taylor D.
name: Shrestha, Gajendra
name: Bitter, Eliza E.
name: Cress, Jordan D.
name: Townsend, Michelle H.
name: Berges, Bradford K.
name: Robison, Richard A.
name: Weber, K. Scott
name: O’Neill, Kim L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 1. Production and validation of human recombinant TK1 in a yeast-based expression system.
Smectic blue phases: layered systems with high intrinsic curvature
Creators: name: DiDonna, B. A.
name: Kamien, Randall D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a construction for smectic blue phases, which have quasi-long range smectic translational order as well as three dimensional crystalline order. Our proposed structures fill space by adding layers on top of a minimal surface, introducing either curvature or edge defects as necessary. We find that for the right range of material parameters, the favorable saddle-splay energy of these structures can stabilize them against uniform layered structures. We also consider the nature of curvature frustration between mean curvature and saddle-splay.
description: 15 pages, 11 figures
Evolution of the grain size distribution in galactic discs
Creators: name: Relano, M.
name: Lisenfeld, U.
name: Hou, K. C.
name: De Looze, I.
name: Vilchez, J. M.
name: Kennicutt, R. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dust is formed out of stellar material and is constantly affected by different mechanisms occurring in the ISM. Dust grains behave differently under these mechanisms depending on their sizes, and therefore the dust grain size distribution also evolves as part of the dust evolution itself. Following how the grain size distribution evolves is a difficult computing task that is just recently being overtaking. Smoothed particle hydrodynamic (SPH) simulations of a single galaxy as well as cosmological simulations are producing the first predictions of the evolution of the dust grain size distribution. We compare for the first time the evolution of the dust grain size distribution predicted by the SPH simulations with the results provided by the observations. We analyse how the radial distribution of the small to large grain mass ratio (D(S)/D(L)) changes over the whole discs in three galaxies: M 101, NGC 628 and M 33. We find good agreement between the observed radial distribution of D(S)/D(L) and what is obtained from the SPH simulations of a single galaxy. The central parts of NGC 628, at high metallicity and with a high molecular gas fraction, are mainly affected not only by accretion but also by coagulation of dust grains. The centre of M 33, having lower metallicity and lower molecular gas fraction, presents an increase of D(S)/D(L), showing that shattering is very effective in creating a large fraction of small grains. Observational results provided by our galaxies confirm the general relations predicted by the cosmological simulations based on the two grain size approximation. However, we present evidence that the simulations could be overestimating the amount of large grains in high massive galaxies.
description: 11 pages, 6 Figures, to be published in A&A
Determinants of Transaction Costs to Farmers Participation in Groups from Mbozi District in Tanzania
Creators: name: Lwezaura, Deogratias
name: Ngaruko, Deus
name: Lwezaura, Deogratias
name: Ngaruko, Deus
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Farm Management
subject: transaction cost
subject: farmers’ group participation
subject: logit models

description: Farmers are often encouraged to form producer groups to facilitate their access to markets in an effort to overcome transaction costs and enjoy economies of scale, which is often advocated in the collective action literature. The role of transaction costs in participation of smallholder farmers groups is attempts that underpin the present paper. The study uses a cross-section data of a sample size of 310 farmers collected from Mbozi District of Tanzania. They include variables capturing transaction costs on farmers’ participation in groups. A model that can be used to capture elements of transaction costs while explaining influences for farmers’ participation in groups is specified and used in the analysis. Variables capturing transaction costs explaining decisions costs (including information gathering, contracting and negotiating) of farmers to participate in groups are demonstrated and used in the analysis. In light of transaction cost literature only three variables that show significant effect include registration fee or cost of joining a group, distance that captures access to a group meeting place and membership to a market oriented group. Based on the findings, we conclude that policies focusing to lowering transaction costs through improved transportation, lowering participation fee and promotion of marketing oriented farmer groups would increase farmers’ decision to participate in groups and increase group participants.
Creating Fiscal Space for Social Sectors Development in Tanzania
Creators: name: Kessy, Flora Lucas
name: Ngowi, Daniel
name: Kessy, Flora Lucas
name: Ngowi, Daniel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Fiscal space
subject: social sectors’ development
subject: education
subject: health

description: This paper discusses fiscal space creation and use in the context of development of social sectors in Tanzania. The paper observes that Tanzania is making good progress in creating and using her fiscal space. The priority being accorded to social sectors, especially in education and health is in the right direction. However, weaknesses in tax administration, imprudent tax exemptions, high debt service, excessive reliance on external funding, and high administrative expenditures dampen the robustness of the fiscal space. In this regard, the paper argues that there is a need for creating additional fiscal space through re-prioritization of spending, especially by reducing the size of government, scaling up mobilization of domestic revenue, including reducing or eliminating tax exemptions, broadening the tax base and reducing external debt to sustainable levels. In tandem, the available fiscal space has to be used more effectively and efficiently, and progressively increasing social sector’s funding to meet internationally agreed commitments and targets.
Focusing and Energy Dispersion Properties of a Cylindrically Bent Asymmetric Laue Crystal
Creators: name: Qi, Peng
name: Shi, Xianbo
name: Samadi, Nazanin
name: Chapman, Dean
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Elastically bent single-crystal Laue case diffraction crystals provide interesting new opportunities for imaging and spectroscopy applications. The diffraction properties are well understood, however, the ability to easily model the diffracted beams hinders assessment of the focal, phase and energy dispersive properties needed for many applications. This work begins to collect the elements needed to ray trace diffracted beams within bent Laue crystals for the purpose of incorporation into other powerful ray tracing applications such as SHADOW. Specifically, we address the condition in a bent Laue crystal where a cylindrically bent Laue crystal will focus all the polychromatic diffracted beams at a single location when a specific asymmetry angle condition is met for a target x-ray energy - the so-called "magic condition". The focal size of the beam can be minimized, but this condition also results in excellent energy-dispersive properties. The conceptual and mathematical aspects of this interesting focusing and energy dispersive phenomenon is discussed.
description: Date Published: 9 September 2019 PDF: 9 pages Proc. SPIE 11108, Advances in X-Ray/EUV Optics and Components XIV, 111080E (9 September 2019)
Sources of Technical Efficiency Among Smallholders Maize Farmers in Babati District, Tanzania
Creators: name: Baha, Michael
name: Temu, Andrew
name: Philip, Damas
name: Baha, Michael
name: Temu, Andrew
name: Philip, Damas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Production Economics
subject: Smallholders
subject: maize
subject: production efficiency
subject: stochastic frontier

description: Maize yield in Tanzania has been decreasing in the past few years. The decline has been attributed to many factors. This paper assesses production efficiency and its determinants among maize farmers in Babati district. The paper uses data collected from 122 maize farmers residing in six villages in the study district. A stochastic frontier model has been used to determine the sources of inefficiency among maize farmers in the study area. The results show that the mean technical efficiency score for famers in the study area is 62.3%. This implies that there is a significant room for increasing maize yield in the study area if farmers use the resources at their disposal efficiently. Moreover, the results show that the efficiency of maize farmers in the study area is influenced by farm size, formal education, number of plots owned by the farmer, frequency of contacts with extension officers, and the use of insecticides. It is therefore plausible to argue that improving farmers’ access to extension services and important inputs such as insecticides will have a significant influence on maize yield in the study area.
Deep Constraint-based Propagation in Graph Neural Networks
Creators: name: Tiezzi, Matteo
name: Marra, Giuseppe
name: Melacci, Stefano
name: Maggini, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The popularity of deep learning techniques renewed the interest in neural architectures able to process complex structures that can be represented using graphs, inspired by Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). We focus our attention on the originally proposed GNN model of Scarselli et al. 2009, which encodes the state of the nodes of the graph by means of an iterative diffusion procedure that, during the learning stage, must be computed at every epoch, until the fixed point of a learnable state transition function is reached, propagating the information among the neighbouring nodes. We propose a novel approach to learning in GNNs, based on constrained optimization in the Lagrangian framework. Learning both the transition function and the node states is the outcome of a joint process, in which the state convergence procedure is implicitly expressed by a constraint satisfaction mechanism, avoiding iterative epoch-wise procedures and the network unfolding. Our computational structure searches for saddle points of the Lagrangian in the adjoint space composed of weights, nodes state variables and Lagrange multipliers. This process is further enhanced by multiple layers of constraints that accelerate the diffusion process. An experimental analysis shows that the proposed approach compares favourably with popular models on several benchmarks.
description: Published in: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2002.07684
title: A Total Opportunity Cost Matrix Tiebreaker Vogel’s Approximation Method for Transportation Problems
Creators: name: Madamedon, S
Publisher: name: Liverpool John Moores University
Year: 2024

description: The allocation of resources is one of the most significant challenges met by decision-makers because it affects any company's profitability. One sort of resource allocation problem is transportation problems; in this case, the decision-maker must choose the quantity of goods to be delivered from various sources to various destinations at the lowest possible cost. Therefore, in this research, we have explored the state-of-the-art method Total Opportunity Cost Matrix Vogel’s Approximation Method and noticed that it has a drawback as it arbitrarily makes allocations when there are ties in the decision-making process, and we have then developed a novel and effective algorithm after controlling for this limitation. The Total Opportunity Cost Matrix Tiebreaker Vogel’s Approximation Method, which is the proposed method, systematically breaks ties at several levels in the iteration process of decision-making and produces an improvement on the state-of-the-art method. Additionally, for continuous cost transportation problems, since it is difficult to have ties, an extension of the proposed method known as Total Opportunity Cost Matrix Tiebreaker Vogel's Approximation Method Threshold uses a percentage threshold to induce ties at the maximum penalty which provides the algorithm with alternative pathways to access more costs that can be considered as the minimum cost during the iteration process, resulting, on average, in a lower initial basic feasible solution. This study compared the performance of the state-of-the-art method with 20,000 simulated balanced transportation problems with real-valued costs and 35 benchmark balanced transportation problems with integer cost values from previously published literature. The results show that, on average, the state-of-the-art method can be improved by about 2% when we take a range of percentage thresholds as the maximum penalty. Although we are aware of the modest increase in computational complexity of this proposed method (which is not expensive to run), we point out that the quality of the initial basic feasible solution obtained can have a significant impact on business overheads as it is generally believed that the better the initial basic feasible solution obtained, the smaller is the number of iterations required to obtain the optimal solutions saving the company time and money overall. Additionally, apart from the fact that it is simple to understand, this proposed method's best quality is that it can be used with other existing optimisation methods by inducing ties to break ties and can also add another step to methods that break ties, for example using the maximum mean cost to break a tie in the minimum cost for transportation problems.
Additional file 1 of Effects of industrial effluents on the quality of water in Namanve stream, Kampala Industrial and Business Park, Uganda
Creators: name: Angiro, Christopher
name: Abila, Patrick P’Odyek
name: Omara, Timothy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Results for non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) of investigated water parameters.