cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Methodology for Measuring Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Agricultural Soils Using Non-isotopic Techniques
Creators: name: Zaman, M.
name: Kleineidam, K.
name: Bakken, L.
name: Berendt, J.
name: Bracken, C.
name: Butterbach-Bahl, K.
name: Cai, Z.
name: Chang, S.X.
name: Clough, T.
name: Dawar, K.
name: Ding, W.X.
name: Dörsch, P.
name: Dos Reis Martins, M.
name: Eckhardt, C.
name: Fiedler, S.
name: Frosch, T.
name: Goopy, J.
name: Görres, C.-M.
name: Gupta, A.
name: Henjes, S.
name: Hofmann, M.E.G.
name: Horn, Marcus A.
name: Jahangir, M.M.R.
name: Jansen-Willems, A.
name: Lenhart, K.
name: Heng, L.
name: Lewicka-Szczebak, D.
name: Lucic, G.
name: Merbold, L.
name: Mohn, J.
name: Molstad, L.
name: Moser, G.
name: Murphy, P.
name: Sanz-Cobena, A.
name: Šimek, M.
name: Urquiaga, S.
name: Well, R.
name: Wrage-Mönnig, N.
name: Zaman, S.
name: Zhang, J.
name: Müller, C.
Publisher: name: Heidelberg [u.a.] : Springer
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Ammonia emission
subject: Chamber-based technique
subject: GHG
subject: Optical spectroscopy
subject: Raman spectroscopy
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: Several approaches exist for measuring greenhouse gases (GHGs), mainly CO2, N2O, and CH4, from soil surfaces. The principle methods that are used to measure GHG from agricultural sites are chamber-based techniques. Both open and closed chamber techniques are in use ; however, the majority of field applications use closed chambers. The advantages and disadvantages of different chamber techniques and the principal steps of operation are described. An important part of determining the quality of the flux measurements is the storage and the transportation of the gas samples from the field to the laboratory where the analyses are carried out. Traditionally, analyses of GHGs are carried out via gas chromatographs (GCs). In recent years, optical analysers are becoming increasingly available ; these are user-friendly machines and they provide a cost-effective alternative to GCs. Another technique which is still under development, but provides a potentially superior method, is Raman spectroscopy. Not only the GHGs, but also N2, can potentially be analysed if the precision of these techniques is increased in future development. An important part of this chapter deals with the analyses of the gas concentrations, the calculation of fluxes, and the required safety measures. Since non-upland agricultural lands (i.e. flooded paddy soils) are steadily increasing, a section is devoted to the specificities of GHG measurements in these ecosystems. Specialised techniques are also required for GHG measurements in aquatic systems (i.e. rivers), which are often affected by the transfer of nutrients from agricultural fields and therefore are an important indirect source of emission of GHGs. A simple, robust, and more precise method of ammonia (NH3) emission measurement is also described.
Reduction of the ordered magnetic moment in YMnO3 with hydrostatic pressure
Creators: name: Janoschek, M.
name: Roessli, B.
name: Keller, L.
name: Gvasaliya, S. N.
name: Conder, K.
name: Pomjakushina, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: YMnO3 exhibits a ferroelectric transition at high temperature (~ 900 K) and magnetic ordering at T_N ~ 70 K where the dielectric constant shows an anomaly indicative of the magneto-dielectric effect. Here we report powder neutron diffraction experiments in this compound that show that the magnetic moment at saturation is reduced by application of hydrostatic pressure. Our results yield further insight about the nature of the spin-lattice interaction in ferroic materials.
In situ monitoring of the influence of water on DNA radiation damage by near-ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Creators: name: Hahn, Marc Benjamin
name: Dietrich, Paul M.
name: Radnik, Jörg
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: DNA
subject: radiation
subject: cancer therapy
subject: XPS
subject: Xray photo electron spectrocopy
subject: LEE
subject: DEA
subject: hydration dependence
subject: Single-strand break
subject: SSB
subject: Double-strand break
subject: DSV
subject: Ionization
subject: Geant4
subject: Geant4-DNA
subject: Hydrated DNA
subject: Hydrated electron
subject: Hydroxyl radical
subject: NAP-XPS
subject: Dissociative electron attachment
subject: Prehydrated electron
subject: TOPAS
subject: TOPAS-nbio
subject: Dry DNA
subject: Base damage
subject: abasic site
subject: Base loss
subject: scattering
subject: 500 Natural sciences and mathematics::540 Chemistry and allied sciences::541 Physical and theoretical chemistry

description: Ionizing radiation damage to DNA plays a fundamental role in cancer therapy. X-ray photoelectron-spectroscopy (XPS) allows simultaneous irradiation and damage monitoring. Although water radiolysis is essential for radiation damage, all previous XPS studies were performed in vacuum. Here we present near-ambient-pressure XPS xperiments to directly measure DNA damage under water atmosphere. They permit in-situ monitoring of the effects of radicals on fully hydrated double-stranded DNA. The results allow us to distinguish direct damage, by photons and secondary low-energy electrons (LEE), from damage by hydroxyl radicals or hydration induced modifications of damage pathways. The exposure of dry DNA to x-rays leads to strand-breaks at the sugar-phosphate backbone, while deoxyribose and nucleobases are less affected. In contrast, a strong increase of DNA damage is observed in water, where OH-radicals are produced. In consequence, base damage and base release become predominant, even though the number of strand-breaks increases further.
OBSERVATIONS SUR LA RESPONSE DE XANTHOSOMA SAGITTIFOLIUM A DES TRAITEMENTS GIBBERELLIQUES EN VUE DE SA FLORAISON
Creators: name: Degras, L.
name: Gamiette, F.
name: Surad, C.
name: Degras, L.
name: Gamiette, F.
name: Surad, C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1985
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: X. sagittifolium cv Malanga rouge a été traité !l 250 et 1500 ppm avee de la gibberelline en 1983. La floraison a atteint 99% avec 250 ppm meilleur traitement. Mais, en 1984, ce même traitement a été décevant sur oe cultiva comme sur d'autres. Faut-il en rendre responsable l'infestation du terrain par Pythium myriotylum an agent de d{périssement du Malanga? Par ailleurs, de d€formations des rhizomes secondaires c:onsecutives au traitement gibberelliqm.• apparaissent affecter la génération végétative suivante. ----- X. sagittifolium cv Malanga rouge was treated in 1983 with 250 and 1500 ppm gibberellic acid. Flowering reached 99% with 250 ppm which was the best treatment. But, in 1984, this same treatment was disappointing over this cultivar as well as on others, Can this be related to the plot infestation by Pythium myriotylum, an agent of the tannia leaf burning disease? Meanwhile, deformations of secondary rhizomes resulting from the gibberellic treatment seem to affect the next vegetative generation.
Discrepancy in exchangeable and soluble ammonium-induced effects on aerobic methane oxidation: a microcosm study of a paddy soil
Creators: name: Van Dijk, Hester
name: Kaupper, Thomas
name: Bothe, Clemens
name: Lee, Hyo Jung
name: Bodelier, Paul L.E.
name: Horn, Marcus A.
name: Ho, Adrian
Publisher: name: Heidelberg [u.a.] : Springer
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Ammonium-based fertilization
subject: Methanotroph
subject: Methylosarcina
subject: pmoA
subject: Wetland agriculture
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::630 | Landwirtschaft, Veterinärmedizin
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::640 | Hauswirtschaft und Familienleben

description: Ammonium-induced stimulatory, inhibitory, and/or neutral effects on soil methane oxidation have been attributable to the ammonium concentration and mineral forms, confounded by other edaphic properties (e.g., pH, salinity), as well as the site-specific composition of the methanotrophic community. We hypothesize that this inconsistency may stem from the discrepancy in the cation adsorption capacity of the soil. We postulate that the effects of ammonium on the methanotrophic activity in soil are more accurately portrayed by relating methane uptake rates to the soluble ammonium (bioavailable), rather than the exchangeable (total) ammonium. To reduce adsorption (exchangeable) sites for ammonium in a paddy soil, two successive pre-incubation steps were introduced resulting in a 1000-fold soil dilution (soil enrichment), to be compared to a soil slurry (tenfold dilution) incubation. Ammonium was supplemented as NH4Cl at 0.5–4.75gL−1 after pre-incubation. While NH4Cl significantly stimulated the methanotrophic activity at all concentrations in the soil slurry incubation, methane uptake showed a dose-dependent effect in the soil enrichment. The trend in methane uptake could be explained by the soluble ammonium concentration, which was proportionate to the supplemented ammonium in the soil enrichment. In the soil slurry incubation, a fraction (36–63%) of the supplemented ammonium was determined to be adsorbed to the soil. Accordingly, Methylosarcina was found to predominate the methanotrophic community after the incubation, suggesting the relevance of this methanotroph at elevated ammonium levels (< 3.25gL−1 NH4Cl). Collectively, our results showed that the soluble, rather than the exchangeable ammonium concentration, is relevant when determining the effects of ammonium on methane oxidation, but this does not exclude other (a)biotic factors concurrently influencing methanotrophic activity.
Comparison of biocalcification processes in the two coralline demosponges Astrosclera willeyana Lister 1900 and "Acanthochaetetes"; wellsi Hartman and Goreau 1975
Creators: name: Wörheide, Gert
name: Reitner, Joachim
name: Gautret, P.
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 1997

description: conference
title: Gender-role beliefs and the self-perception of women with learning disabilities: meanings of motherhood and attributions for childlessness
Creators: name: Gratton, Caroline A. J.
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1999

description: Aims of Present study In contrast to mainstream literature gender as a frame of reference has not been applied to people with learning disabilities. The present study emerged from the need to redress this imbalance. Specifically, the study aimed to investigate both gender-attitudes and gender typing of the self in women with learning disabilities. A further aim was to focus on one traditional female role in some detail: women's perceptions about motherhood and beliefs/experiences of childlessness. Design and measures The study is cross-sectional and employs a within and between groups design. Both quantitative and qualitative research paradigms were used. Part one of the study consisted of the administration of a gender inventory (OAT-PM/AM) to eighteen women with learning disabilities. A control group of eighteen non-disabled women also completed the inventory. Part two involved semi-structured interviews with six women with learning disabilities on issues relating to motherhood and childlessness. Results Results demonstrated some significant differences between the groups of women using the gender measure (OAT-PM/AM). Qualitative data obtained from the interviews were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (Smith, 1995). Conclusions Women with learning disabilities were found to hold less flexible gender attitudes than the non-disabled women. Furthermore, they were found to aspire to traditional female roles more than masculine roles. Interestingly, women with learning disabilities were found to engage in less traditional female activities than the non-disabled group. Data from the interviews served to highlight the distress which may be experienced by the loss of the motherhood role. Both clinical and service implications which emerged from the research are discussed.
Bacterial Diversity Controls Transformation of Wastewater-Derived Organic Contaminants in River-Simulating Flumes
Creators: name: Posselt, Malte
name: Mechelke, Jonas
name: Rutere, Cyrus
name: Coll, Claudia
name: Jaeger, Anna
name: Raza, Muhammad
name: Meinikmann, Karin
name: Krause, Stefan
name: Sobek, Anna
name: Lewandowski, Jörg
name: Horn, Marcus A.
name: Hollender, Juliane
name: Benskin, Jonathan P.
Publisher: name: Washington, DC : ACS Publ.
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Bacteria
subject: Rivers
subject: Waste Water
subject: Water Microbiology
subject: Water Pollutants
subject: Chemical
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie::330 | Wirtschaft::333 | Boden- und Energiewirtschaft::333,7 | Natürliche Ressourcen, Energie und Umwelt

description: Hyporheic zones are the water-saturated flow-through subsurfaces of rivers which are characterized by the simultaneous occurrence of multiple physical, biological, and chemical processes. Two factors playing a role in the hyporheic attenuation of organic contaminants are sediment bedforms (a major driver of hyporheic exchange) and the composition of the sediment microbial community. How these factors act on the diverse range of organic contaminants encountered downstream from wastewater treatment plants is not well understood. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated dissipation half-lives (DT50s) of 31 substances (mainly pharmaceuticals) under different combinations of bacterial diversity and bedform-induced hyporheic flow using 20 recirculating flumes in a central composite face factorial design. By combining small-volume pore water sampling, targeted analysis, and suspect screening, along with quantitative real-time PCR and time-resolved amplicon Illumina MiSeq sequencing, we determined a comprehensive set of DT50s, associated bacterial communities, and microbial transformation products. The resulting DT50s of parent compounds ranged from 0.5 (fluoxetine) to 306 days (carbamazepine), with 20 substances responding significantly to bacterial diversity and four to both diversity and hyporheic flow. Bacterial taxa that were associated with biodegradation included Acidobacteria (groups 6, 17, and 22), Actinobacteria (Nocardioides and Illumatobacter), Bacteroidetes (Terrimonas and Flavobacterium) and diverse Proteobacteria (Pseudomonadaceae, Sphingomonadaceae, and Xanthomonadaceae). Notable were the formation of valsartan acid from irbesartan and valsartan, the persistence of N-desmethylvenlafaxine across all treatments, and the identification of biuret as a novel transformation product of metformin. Twelve additional target transformation products were identified, which were persistent in either pore or surface water of at least one treatment, indicating their environmental relevance.
Multiple finite Riemann zeta functions
Creators: name: Kimoto, K.
name: Kurokawa, N.
name: Matsumoto, S.
name: Wakayama, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11M36

description: Observing a multiple version of the divisor function we introduce a new zeta function which we call a multiple finite Riemann zeta function. We utilize some $q$-series identity for proving the zeta function has an Euler product and then, describe the location of zeros. We study further multi-variable and multi-parameter versions of the multiple finite Riemann zeta functions and their infinite counterparts in connection with symmetric polynomials and some arithmetic quantities called powerful numbers.
description: 19 pages
Quantum superposition of thermodynamic evolutions with opposing time's arrows
Creators: name: Rubino, Giulia
name: Manzano, Gonzalo
name: Brukner, Časlav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Microscopic physical laws are time-symmetric, hence, a priori there exists no preferential temporal direction. However, the second law of thermodynamics allows one to associate the "forward" temporal direction to a positive variation of the total entropy produced in a thermodynamic process, and a negative variation with its "time-reversal" counterpart. This definition of a temporal axis is normally considered to apply in both classical and quantum contexts. Yet, quantum physics admits also superpositions between forward and time-reversal processes, whereby the thermodynamic arrow of time becomes quantum-mechanically undefined. In this work, we demonstrate that a definite thermodynamic time's arrow can be restored by a quantum measurement of entropy production, which effectively projects such superpositions onto the forward (time-reversal) time-direction when large positive (negative) values are measured. Remarkably, for small values (of the order of plus or minus one), the amplitudes of forward and time-reversal processes can interfere, giving rise to entropy-production distributions featuring a more or less reversible process than either of the two components individually, or any classical mixture thereof.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures. Accepted version
Macroeconomic Effects of the Anticipation and Implementation of Tax Changes in Germany: Evidence from a Narrative Account
Creators: name: Christofzik, Désirée I.
name: Fuest, Angela
name: Jessen, Robin
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Germany
subject: tax changes
subject: macroeconomic effects
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::330 Wirtschaft::330 Wirtschaft

description: This paper quantifies the dynamic macroeconomic effects of tax changes in Germany, allowing for anticipation effects of preannounced tax reforms. Identification is achieved using a narrative approach, which provides information about the timing of tax reforms. An anticipated cut in taxes has a positive effect on output with a peak multiplier of 1.7, not observed until nine quarters after implementation. This positive effect is accompanied by significant negative anticipation effects on output, consumption, investment, hours worked and wages. Our results suggest that policymakers should take anticipation effects into account when implementing fiscal policy measures.
Microbial CH4 and N2O Consumption in Acidic Wetlands
Creators: name: Kolb, Steffen
name: Horn, Marcus A.
Publisher: name: Lausanne : Frontiers Media
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Bog
subject: Fen
subject: Greenhouse gas sink
subject: Nitrogen cycle
subject: Peat
subject: Soil microbiology
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: Acidic wetlands are global sources of the atmospheric greenhouse gases methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). Consumption of both atmospheric gases has been observed in various acidic wetlands, but information on the microbial mechanisms underlying these phenomena is scarce. A substantial amount of CH4 is consumed in sub soil by aerobic methanotrophs at anoxic-oxic interfaces (e.g., tissues of Sphagnum mosses, rhizosphere of vascular plant roots). Methylocystis-related species are likely candidates that are involved in the consumption of atmospheric CH4 in acidic wetlands. Oxygen availability regulates the activity of methanotrophs of acidic wetlands. Other parameters impacting on the methanotroph-mediated CH4 consumption have not been systematically evaluated. N2O is produced and consumed by microbial denitrification, thus rendering acidic wetlands as temporary sources or sinks for N2O. Denitrifier communities in such ecosystems are diverse, and largely uncultured and/or new, and environmental factors that control their consumption activity are unresolved. Analyses of the composition of N2O reductase genes in acidic wetlands suggest that acid-tolerant Proteobacteria have the potential to mediate N2O consumption in such soils. Thus, the fragmented current state of knowledge raises open questions concerning methanotrophs and denitrifiers that consume atmospheric CH4 and N2O in acidic wetlands. © 2012 Kolb and Horn.
title: Professionals' beliefs about contact between children in alternative care and their birth parents.
Creators: name: Harris, Rita
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1999

description: This study explored the beliefs and assumptions that affect professionals in the decision making process about contact between children in permanent alternative care and their birth parents. Nine professionals from three groups, guardian ad Litems; judges and independent experts, were interviewed, using semi-structured interviews. The verbatim transcripts of these interviews were the data for an interpretative phenomenological analysis. Five overarching themes emerged in guiding the work of professionals, which were described as, parental capacity; children's rights and wishes; contact as central to identity; the safety and the age of the child. There were seven other common themes, which were described as, permanency and stability; having an open mind; adoption as different to other forms of permanency; attachment; ethnicity/race/gender/culture; views of alternative parents and power and responsibility. Three themes occurred in only one group or individual interview, and were described as, having differing and conflicting views to others; contact as having a symbolic function and the law as paramount.The guardian ad Litems emphasised the importance of contact as central to identity, and were strongly influenced by research supporting this view. They often felt disempowered in legal proceedings. The experts took a "detached" evidence based position, and were particularly concerned about the safety and emotional needs of children. The judges worked within a legal framework, within which individual differences emerged. The issue of power and responsibility given to certain discourses is discussed. The similarities and differences within and between groups are understood in terms of the different ways in which professionals position themselves in relation to contact, based on professional roles and responsibilities, within a social and cultural framework, and influenced by a range of professional and personal experiences'. Consideration is given to how the themes are played out in discourses used to present and argue a position. A number of tensions and contradictions emerged. Findings were considered in the light of outcome research and a social constructionist perspective". The co-ordinated management of meanings". Possible recommendations for ways in which professionals may become more aware of their beliefs and assumptions affecting decision making about contact, are made. The open and thoughtful manner in which professionals responded to the research interview and sought feedback supports the idea that greater openness in the decision making process about contact, between children in permanent alternative care and their birth parents, would be beneficial.
Quality of attachment relationships and frequency of mathematics- and science-related activity offers in kindergarten as predictors of girls' and boys' mathematics-related motivation
Creators: name: Wolter, Ilka
name: Hannover, Bettina
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: attachment relationship
subject: gender differences
subject: mathematics-related motivation
subject: precursors of mathematical competencies
subject: process quality in early childhood education
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::370 Bildung und Erziehung::370 Bildung und Erziehung

description: During the kindergarten years and until shortly before school start, there are no gender differences in (precursors of) mathematical competencies or mathematics-related motivation. Shortly after school entry, however, boys are already superior to their female peers in mathematics-related competencies and motivation. We investigated in a cross-sectional study two aspects of process quality in kindergarten that can favorably influence the development of mathematics-related motivation, especially of girls: the frequency of offers of mathematics- and science-related activities and a high-quality attachment relationship with the teacher. In 135 independent dyads, the quality of attachment between kindergarten teacher and child was assessed by a one and a half-hour standardized observation (Attachment Q-Set). The teacher provided information on how often she provides mathematics- and science-related activities. The children were asked about their mathematics-related motivation and precursors of mathematical competencies were measured using a standardized test. Results show, in line with existing studies, that girls and boys did not yet differ in their precursors of mathematical competencies and mathematics-related motivation at the end of kindergarten. Girls were involved in significantly higher quality attachment relationships with their teachers than boys. While girls' mathematics-related motivation increased with the frequency of the provision of relevant activities, it did not play a role for boys' motivation. We discuss (a) how teachers can be encouraged to offer mathematics-and science-related activities more often and (b) whether a comparable quality of attachment would be shown for boys as for girls if the kindergarten teacher were male.
Non-minimally coupled curvaton
Creators: name: Liu, Lei-Hua
name: Prokopec, Tomislav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate two-field inflationary models in which scalar cosmological pertubations are generated via a spectator field nonminimally coupled to gravity, with the particular emphasis on curvaton scenarios. The principal advantage of these models is in the possibility to tune the spectator spectral index via the nonminimal coupling. Our models naturally yield red spectrum of the adiabatic perturbation demanded by observations. We study how the nonminimal coupling affects the spectrum of the curvature perturbation generated in the curvaton scenarios. In particular we find that for small, negative nonminimal couplings the spectral index gets a contribution that is negative and linear in the nonminimal coupling. Since in this way the curvature spectrum becomes redder, some of curvaton scenarios can be saved, which would otherwise be ruled out. In the power law inflation we find that a large nonminimal coupling is excluded since it gives the principal slow roll parameter that is of the order of unity. Finally, we point out that nonminimal coupling can affect the postinflationary growth of the spectator perturbation, and in this way the effectiveness of the curvaton mechanism.
description: 41 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in JCAP
Drying-Rewetting and Flooding Impact Denitrifier Activity Rather than Community Structure in a Moderately Acidic Fen
Creators: name: Palmer, Katharina
name: Köpp, Julia
name: Gebauer, Gerhard
name: Horn, Marcus A.
Publisher: name: Lausanne : Frontiers Media
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Climate change
subject: Greenhouse gases
subject: Structural (functional) genes
subject: Water table manipulation
subject: Wetlands
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: Wetlands represent sources or sinks of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). The acidic fen Schlöppnerbrunnen emits denitrification derived N2O and is also capable of N2O consumption. Global warming is predicted to cause more extreme weather events in future years, including prolonged drought periods as well as heavy rainfall events, which may result in flooding. Thus, the effects of prolonged drought and flooding events on the abundance, community composition, and activity of fen denitrifiers were investigated in manipulation experiments. The water table in the fen was experimentally lowered for 8 weeks in 2008 and raised for 5.5 months in 2009 on three treatment plots, while three plots were left untreated and served as controls. In situ N2O fluxes were rather unaffected by the drought treatment and were marginally increased by the flooding treatment. Samples were taken before and after treatment in both years. The structural gene markers narG and nosZ were used to assess possible changes in the nitrate reducer and denitrifier community in response to water table manipulations. Detected copy numbers of narG and nosZ were essentially unaffected by the experimental drought and flooding. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) patterns of narG and nosZ were similar before and after experimental drought or experimental flooding, indicating a stable nitrate reducer and denitrifier community in the fen. However, certain TRFs of narG and nosZ transcripts responded to experimental drought or flooding. Nitrate-dependent Michaelis-Menten kinetics were assessed in anoxic microcosms with peat samples taken before and 6 months after the onset of experimental flooding. Maximal reaction velocities vmax were higher after than before flooding in samples from treament but not in those from control plots taken at the same time. The ratio of N2O to N2O + N2 was lower in soil from treatment plots after flooding than in soil from control plots, suggesting mitigation of N2O emissions by increased N2O-reduction rates after flooding. N2O was consumed to subatmospheric levels in all microcosms after flooding. The collective data indicate that water table manipulations had only minor effects on in situ N2O fluxes, denitrifier abundance, and denitrifier community composition of the acidic fen, while active subpopulations of denitrifiers changed in response to water table manipulations, suggesting functionally redundant subpopulations occupying distinct ecological niches in the fen.
Toward transparency of hybrid open access through publisher-provided metadata: An article-level study of Elsevier
Creators: name: Jahn, Najko
name: Matthias, Lisa
name: Laakso, Mikael
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: open access
subject: publisher-provided metadata
subject: Elsevier
subject: 000 Informatik, Informationswissenschaft, allgemeine Werke::000 Informatik, Wissen, Systeme::000 Informatik, Informationswissenschaft, allgemeine Werke

description: With the growth of open access (OA), the financial flows in scholarly journal publishing have become increasingly complex, but comprehensive data on and transparency of these flows are still lacking. The opacity is especially concerning for hybrid OA, where subscription-based journals publish individual articles as OA if an optional fee is paid. This study addresses the lack of transparency by leveraging Elsevier article metadata and provides the first publisher-level study of hybrid OA uptake and invoicing. Our results show that Elsevier's hybrid OA uptake has grown steadily but slowly from 2015 to 2019, doubling the number of hybrid OA articles published per year and increasing the share of OA articles in Elsevier's hybrid journals from 2.6 to 3.7% of all articles. Further, we find that most hybrid OA articles were invoiced directly to authors, followed by articles invoiced through agreements with research funders, institutions, or consortia, with only a few funding bodies driving hybrid OA uptake. As such, our findings point to the role of publishing agreements and OA policies in hybrid OA publishing. Our results further demonstrate the value of publisher-provided metadata to improve the transparency in scholarly publishing.
Denitrification Activity of a Remarkably Diverse Fen Denitrifier Community in Finnish Lapland Is N-Oxide Limited
Creators: name: Palmer, Katharina
name: Horn, Marcus A.
Publisher: name: Lawrence, Kan. : PLoS
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Denitrification
subject: Nitrous Oxide
subject: Soil
subject: Soil Microbiology
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::610 | Medizin, Gesundheit

description: Peatlands cover more than 30% of the Finnish land area and impact N2O fluxes. Denitrifiers release N2O as an intermediate or end product. In situ N2O emissions of a near pH neutral pristine fen soil in Finnish Lapland were marginal during gas chamber measurements. However, nitrate and ammonium fertilization significantly stimulated in situ N2O emissions. Stimulation with nitrate was stronger than with ammonium. N2O was produced and subsequently consumed in gas chambers. In unsupplemented anoxic microcosms, fen soil produced N2O only when acetylene was added to block nitrous oxide reductase, suggesting complete denitrification. Nitrate and nitrite stimulated denitrification in fen soil, and maximal reaction velocities (vmax) of nitrate or nitrite dependent denitrification where 18 and 52 nmol N2O h-1 gDW-1, respectively. N2O was below 30% of total produced N gases in fen soil when concentrations of nitrate and nitrite were <500 μM. vmax for N2O consumption was up to 36 nmol N2O h-1 gDW-1. Denitrifier diversity was assessed by analyses of narG, nirK/nirS, and nosZ (encoding nitrate-, nitrite-, and nitrous oxide reductases, respectively) by barcoded amplicon pyrosequencing. Analyses of ~14,000 quality filtered sequences indicated up to 25 species-level operational taxonomic units (OTUs), and up to 359 OTUs at 97% sequence similarity, suggesting diverse denitrifiers. Phylogenetic analyses revealed clusters distantly related to publicly available sequences, suggesting hitherto unknown denitrifiers. Representatives of species-level OTUs were affiliated with sequences of unknown soil bacteria and Actinobacterial, Alpha-, Beta-, Gamma-, and Delta-Proteobacterial sequences. Comparison of the 4 gene markers at 97% similarity indicated a higher diversity of narG than for the other gene markers based on Shannon indices and observed number of OTUs. The collective data indicate (i) a high denitrification and N2O consumption potential, and (ii) a highly diverse, nitrate limited denitrifier community associated with potential N2O fluxes in a pH-neutral fen soil.
Face masks increase compliance with physical distancing recommendations during the COVID-19 pandemic
Creators: name: Seres, Gyula
name: Balleyer, Anna Helen
name: Cerutti, Nicola
name: Danilov, Anastasia
name: Friedrichsen, Jana
name: Liu, Yiming
name: Süer, Müge
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: COVID-19
subject: Health policy
subject: Face masks
subject: Risk compensation
subject: Social signaling
subject: Field experiment
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::350 Öffentliche Verwaltung, Militärwissenschaft::351 Öffentliche Verwaltung

description: Governments across the world have implemented restrictive policies to slow the spread of COVID-19. Recommended face mask use has been a controversially discussed policy, among others, due to potential adverse effects on physical distancing. Using a randomized field experiment (N = 300), we show that individuals kept a significantly larger distance from someone wearing a face mask than from an unmasked person during the early days of the pandemic. According to an additional survey experiment (N = 456) conducted at the time, masked individuals were not perceived as being more infectious than unmasked ones, but they were believed to prefer more distancing. This result suggests that wearing a mask served as a social signal that led others to increase the distance they kept. Our findings provide evidence against the claim that mask use creates a false sense of security that would negatively affect physical distancing. Furthermore, our results suggest that behavior has informational content that may be affected by policies.
title: Struktur, Bildung und Diagenese der Basalskelette bei rezenten Pharetroniden unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Petrobiona massiliana
title: Vacelet & Levi 1958 (Minchinellida, Porifera)
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Reitner, Joachim
Publisher: name: Fachbereich Geowiss., FU Berlin
Year: 1989

description: research
More exposure opportunities for promoting freshwater conservation
Creators: name: He, Fengzhi
name: Jähnig, Sonja C.
name: Wetzig, Annett
name: Langhans, Simone D.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Altmetric scores
subject: biodiversity
subject: citation
subject: conservation effort
subject: cover image
subject: flagship species
subject: public awareness
subject: social media
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: 1. Freshwater ecosystems have a higher percentage of threatened and extinct species than terrestrial or marine realms, but remain under-represented in conservation research and actions arguably as a consequence of less popularity and promotion. 2. Cover images of conservation journals were used as a proxy of exposure and potential promotion opportunities provided for different ecosystems and species. To examine whether articles related to cover images received more attention, citations and Altmetric scores of cover-featured articles were compared with non-featured ones within the same host journal issue. 3. Freshwater ecosystems (10.4%) were featured less often than marine (15.2%) or terrestrial (74.4%) ecosystems on covers of 18 conservation journals from 1997 to 2016. All 15 most featured species are from terrestrial or marine ecosystems. 4. In addition, cover-featured studies showed higher citations and Altmetric scores than non-featured ones within the same host journal issue, indicating that cover-featured articles received more attention. Further investigations are needed to examine the relationship (i.e. whether there is a true causality) between being featured on the cover, and citations and Altmetric scores received by articles, as well as potentially resulting in greater conservation efforts. Nevertheless, we believe that providing exposure opportunities is likely to better inform the public about the continuing degradation of freshwater ecosystems and its impacts on human well-being, including economic loss and danger to public health. Journal editors can contribute by balancing their selection of featured ecosystems and species when opportunities arise. 5. Increasing exposure opportunities for freshwater ecosystems through various channels seems a promising approach to raise public awareness and appreciation of freshwater biodiversity. Scientists can play an active role and form an alliance with journal editors, conservation organizations, and media, to increase momentum in society for fresh waters to be experienced as essential ecosystems and prevent further degradation of freshwater habitats and biodiversity loss.
Körnung und Schwermineralbestand als Kriterien für eine Deckschicht in der Umgebung von Seefeld und Leutasch (Tirol)
Creators: name: Schönhals, Ernst
name: Poetsch, Thomas J.
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 1976

description: Mit Hilfe der Korngrößenverteilung und der Schwermineralanalyse wurde nachgewiesen, daß der auf Kalkschottern entwickelte Boden nicht in situ, sondern aus einem überwiegend äolischen Substrat (Deckschicht) entstanden ist. Es handelt sich infolgedessen um ein zweischichtiges Profil.
description: research
Magnetometer-free inertial motion tracking of arbitrary joints with range of motion constraints
Creators: name: Lehmann, Dustin
name: Laidig, Daniel
name: Deimel, Raphael
name: Seel, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In motion tracking of connected multi-body systems Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) are used in a wide variety of applications, since they provide a low-cost easy-to-use method for orientation estimation. However, in indoor environments or near ferromagnetic material the magnetic field is inhomogeneous which limits the accuracy of tracking algorithms using magnetometers. Methods that use only accelerometers and gyroscopes on the other hand yield no information on the absolute heading of the tracked object. For objects connected by rotational joints with range of motion constraints we propose a method that provides a magnetometer-free, long-term stable relative orientation estimate based on a non-linear, window-based cost function. The method can be used for real-time estimation as well as post-processing. It is validated experimentally with a mechanical joint and compared to other methods that are used in motion tracking. It is shown that for the used test object, the proposed methods yields the best results with a total angle error of less than 4 degrees for all experiments.
description: IFAC WC 2020 Submission
Cuticular Hydrocarbon Trails Released by Host Larvae Lose their Kairomonal Activity for Parasitoids by Solidification
Creators: name: Awater-Salendo, Sarah
name: Voigt, Dagmar
name: Hilker, Monika
name: Fürstenau, Benjamin
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Bethylidae
subject: Insect cuticle
subject: Perception
subject: Trail-following behavior
subject: Tenebrionidae
subject: Tribolium confusum
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Successful host search by parasitic wasps is often mediated by host-associated chemical cues. The ectoparasitoid Holepyris sylvanidis is known to follow chemical trails released by host larvae of the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum, for short-range host location. Although the hexane-extractable trails consist of stable, long-chain cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) with low volatility, the kairomonal activity of a trail is lost two days after release. Here, we studied whether this loss of kairomonal activity is due to changes in the chemical trail composition induced by microbial activity. We chemically analyzed trails consisting of hexane extracts of T. confusum larvae after different time intervals past deposition under sterile and non-sterile conditions. GC-MS analyses revealed that the qualitative and quantitative pattern of the long-chain CHCs of larval trails did not significantly change over time, neither under non-sterile nor sterile conditions. Hence, our results show that the loss of kairomonal activity of host trails is not due to microbially induced changes of the CHC pattern of a trail. Interestingly, the kairomonal activity of trails consisting of host larval CHC extracts was recoverable after two days by applying hexane to them. After hexane evaporation, the parasitoids followed the reactivated host trails as they followed freshly laid ones. Cryo-scanning electron microscopy showed that the trails gradually formed filament-shaped microstructures within two days. This self-assemblage of CHCs was reversible by hexane application. Our study suggests that the long-chain CHCs of a host trail slowly undergo solidification by a self-assembling process, which reduces the accessibility of CHCs to the parasitoid’s receptors as such that the trail is no longer eliciting trail-following behavior.
Tadpole - sediment interactions of the western toad, Bufo boreas, in a temperate-lentic system
Creators: name: Wood, Sylvia Louise Rebecca
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Sediment and nutrient loading in freshwater systems are leading causes of aquatic habitat degradation in North America. The impacts of fine-sediment and nutrient additions on the growth and survival of Bufo boreas tadpoles and emergent metamorphs was investigated in mesocosm and exclosure experiments. Mesocosm tanks received weekly pulses of fine, organic-rich (8% -9%) sediments to create initial concentrations of 0, 130 and 260 mg/L of sediment and bi-weekly additions of nutrients (N-160 μg/L, P-10 μg/L) in a factorial design. Within mesocosms, tadpole exclosures allowed for quantification of tadpole grazing pressure on periphyton biomass, chlorophyll α and sediment deposition. Tadpoles receiving sediment additions experienced slower growth rates and reduced survival to metamorphosis, though no effects of treatment were detected on metamorphic size or timing. Nutrient additions also lowered survival, but had no impact on other measured parameters. Dissections and gut content analysis revealed that tadpoles ingested sediment in large quantities and scanning electron microscopy showed particles were also found in their gill tissues. Together these results suggest that though organic-rich sediments were readily consumed, tadpoles derived little or no net benefit from these materials. Measures from tiles within the exclosures in the mesocosm experiment demonstrated that tadpoles were able to reduce the standing stocks of periphyton by 35-80% and to clear virtually 100% of all deposited sediment from grazing surfaces. Sediment clearing activities via ingestion acted to restructure the benthic abiotic habitat, but at tadpole densities used in the experiment did not have a beneficial effect on underlying periphyton growth. Under natural conditions, such grazing pressure and sediment removal activities could lead to changes in the algal community and consequent shifts in invertebrate grazers. Together, these results highlight a potential role for Bufo boreas tadpoles as ecosystem engineers in temperate pond habitats.
The adaptation of educational expectations in response to ability tracking: Variations by migration background
Creators: name: Geven, Sara
name: Forster, Andrea G.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: ability tracking
subject: education
subject: expectations
subject: inequality
subject: migration background
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::300 Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie::301 Soziologie, Anthropologie

description: In various educational systems, students are sorted into separate secondary schools on the basis of their academic ability. Research suggests that this type of tracking impacts students' educational expectations, as expectations generally align with students' ability track. However, most research is cross-sectional and students with lower expectations are possibly also sorted into lower tracks. Moreover, the extent to which track placement influences expectations may vary across students. In this paper, we address the following research question: how does ability tracking impact the development of student expectations and how does this vary by students' migration background. Based on the literature on the immigrant aspiration–achievement paradox, we expect that students with a migration background are less likely to adapt expectations downwardly, and more likely to adapt expectations upward in response to track placement. Using German panel data, we examine the educational expectations of students with and without a migration background, before and after track placement. Moreover, we use variations in tracking procedures across German states to study how students who get tracked compare with students who do not get tracked in the development of their educational expectations. We show that students are more likely to upwardly adjust their expectations when their track placement exceeds their expectations and to downwardly adjust their expectations when their track placement is below their expectations. We find little support for the hypothesized variations by student migration background. Students whose parent(s) hold (a) Bachelor degree(s) are more likely to upwardly adjust their expectations when their track placement exceeds their expectations than students whose parent(s) maximally hold an upper secondary or vocational degree(s).