cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Sustainability in Radiation Oncology: A Scoping Review
Creators: name: Bloom, Julie
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Environmental Public Health
subject: Public Health
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Medical Specialties
subject: Oncology
subject: Bioethics and Medical Ethics
subject: climate health
subject: environmental sustainability
subject: global health
subject: radiation therapy

description: Environmental sustainability within the discipline of radiation oncology has yet to be thoroughly explored. This protocol outlines a review of literature to date exploring the impact of radiation therapy on climate health.
The Dynamic Network Structure of the PSWQ During Group CBT for Primary Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
Creators: name: Barthel, Abigail
name: Hofmann, Stefan
name: Simon, Naomi
name: Hoeppner, Susanne
name: Moskow, Danielle
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Clinical Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is characterized by excessive, uncontrollable worry at rates higher and more severe than other anxious presentations (for review see, Olatunji et al., 2010). Levels of worry are typically measured using the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ; Meyer et al., 1990), which has been shown to be a sensitive, specific measure that indicates meaningful symptom change during and after cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for GAD (Fresco et al., 2003; Covin et al., 2008). The PSWQ is also sensitive to other anxiety presentations, such as social anxiety, and importantly, depressive symptoms (Fresco et al., 2003; Starcevic et al., 2007). Nevertheless, research on the nature and function of worry in individuals spans numerous models (for review, see Behar et al., 2009) and worry is considered a dimensional process that transcends diagnoses (Kertz et al., 2014). Despite this, previous research is largely dependent on quantifying mean- and group-level differences in total PSWQ scores across treatment, at the expense of modeling idiographic dynamics. Therefore, it may be important to model specific item-level changes related to worry as a means of investigating mechanisms of change during treatment, how changes in certain worry items may precede or follow changes in others, and whether certain items may be more or less central to treatment response or functional impairment. As such, this paper will investigate the short-term dynamics of the PSWQ using the multilevel vector autoregressive (VAR) method introduced by Bringmann et al., 2013. This is the first study to map the dynamic network structure of the PSWQ over the course of CBT treatment in a heterogenous GAD sample. Using item-level data from the PSWQ captured weekly over 12 group sessions and a baseline phase (i.e., 13 time-points), we will 1) infer the network structure of the PSWQ by modeling the slope of changes in items over treatment sessions and 2) quantify network centrality and community metrics to identify key PSWQ items that signify connections and change over time.
Evolution of linear perturbations in spherically symmetric dust spacetimes
Creators: name: February, Sean
name: Larena, Julien
name: Clarkson, Chris
name: Pollney, Denis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results from a numerical code implementing a new method to solve the master equations describing the evolution of linear perturbations in a spherically symmetric but inhomogeneous background. This method can be used to simulate several configurations of physical interest, such as relativistic corrections to structure formation, the lensing of gravitational waves and the evolution of perturbations in a cosmological void model. This paper focuses on the latter problem, i.e. structure formation in a Hubble scale void in the linear regime. This is considerably more complicated than linear perturbations of a homogeneous and isotropic background because the inhomogeneous background leads to coupling between density perturbations and rotational modes of the spacetime geometry, as well as gravitational waves. Previous analyses of this problem ignored this coupling in the hope that the approximation does not affect the overall dynamics of structure formation in such models. We show that for a giga-parsec void, the evolution of the density contrast is well approximated by the previously studied decoupled evolution only for very large-scale modes. However, the evolution of the gravitational potentials within the void is inaccurate at more than the $10\%$ level, and is even worse on small scales.
description: 24 pages, 11 figures, typos corrected, reference and figure added, version accepted by CQG
MPEC 2023-G40 : DAILY ORBIT UPDATE (2023 April 8)
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Self-Compassion Interventions for Weight Loss: A Scoping Review Protocol
Creators: name: Loyka, Caitlin
name: Goldbacher, Edie
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Health Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Self-compassion might enhance existing weight loss interventions due to its associations with adaptive coping and self-regulation. The effectiveness of self-compassion interventions cannot be reviewed due to methodological inconsistencies across studies. The purpose of the current scoping review was to delineate the available evidence regarding the use of self-compassion-promoting interventions to produce weight loss and further define how researchers investigating weight loss treatment approaches conceptualize the self-compassion construct.
Preregistration: Karma’s effect on attributions and generosity
Creators: name: White, Cindel
name: Willard, Aiyana
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Multicultural Psychology
subject: Social Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: This study investigates how reminders of karma affect generosity towards recipients who could plausibly be blamed for their misfortunes in life.
Stationary Black Holes as Holographs II
Creators: name: Rácz, István
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Smooth four-dimensional electrovac spacetimes in Einstein's theory are considered each possessing a pair of null hypersurfaces, $H_1$ and $H_2$, generated by expansion and shear free geodesically complete null congruences such that they intersect on a two-dimensional spacelike surface, $Z=H_1\cap H_2$. By making use of a combination of the Newman-Penrose formalism and the null characteristic initial value problem it is shown that both the spacetime geometry and the electromagnetic field are uniquely determined, in the domain of dependence of $H_1\cup H_2$ once a complex vector field $ξ^A$ (determining the metric induced on $Z$), the $τ$ spin coefficient and the $ϕ_1$ electromagnetic potential are specified on $Z$. The existence of a Killing vector field---with respect to which the null hypersurfaces $H_1$ and $H_2$ comprise a bifurcate type Killing horizon---is also justified in the domain of dependence of $H_1\cup H_2$. Since, in general, the freely specifiable data on $Z$ do not have any sort of symmetry the corresponding spacetimes do not possess any symmetry in addition to the horizon Killing vector field. Thereby, they comprise the class of generic `stationary' distorted electrovac black hole spacetimes. It is also shown that there are stationary distorted electrovac black hole configurations such that parallelly propagated curvature blow up occurs both to the future and to the past ends of some of the null generators of their bifurcate Killing horizon, and also that this behavior is universal. In particular, it is shown that, in the space of vacuum solutions to Einstein's equations, in an arbitrarily small neighborhood of the Schwarzschild solution this type of distorted vacuum black hole configurations always exist. A short discussion on the relation of these results and some of the recent claims on the instability of extremal black holes is also given.
description: 35 pages, substantially extended introduction, added references, conclusions unchanged, to appear in CQG
Separation distress in genetic syndromes associated with intellectual disability - Questionnaire study
Creators: name: Pearson, Effie
name: Roberts, Ruth
name: Waite, Jane
name: Moss, Joanna
name: Oliver, Christopher
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mental Disorders
subject: Psychiatry and Psychology
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms

description: Individuals with intellectual disability (ID) are more likely to experience anxiety than the general population. Additionally, people with certain genetic syndromes associated with ID are more likely to experience different types of anxiety. Separation anxiety/distress is commonly reported in both Angelman (AS) and Cornelia de Lange (CdLS) syndromes. Although the presence of separation anxiety/distress is common across these two syndromes, other characteristics associated with AS and CdLS are different, such as increased sociability in AS and autism characteristics in CdLS. In contrast, people with Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS) share some of these characteristics, but there are no current reports of separation anxiety/distress. Therefore, it is likely that the underlying pathways causing separation anxiety/distress differ and need to be explored. Understanding the different pathways and what separation anxiety/distress may look like is important for the development of appropriate assessments and interventions for people with ID. The aim of this study is to understand the presentation of and characteristics associated with separation anxiety/distress in three genetic syndromes associated with ID; AS, CdLS and SMS using questionnaires and cross-syndrome comparisons. All measures will be parent/carer report and are appropriate for assessing characteristics in individuals with moderate to profound ID.
Strong photon blockade with intracavity electromagnetically induced transparency in blockaded Rydberg ensemble
Creators: name: Lin, G. W.
name: Qi, Y. H.
name: Lin, X. M.
name: Niu, Y. P.
name: Gong, S. Q.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the dynamics of intracavity electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in an ensemble of strongly interacting Rydberg atoms. By combining the advantage of variable cavity lifetimes with intracavity EIT and strongly interacting Rydberg dark-state polaritons, we show that such intracavity EIT system could exhibit very strong photon blockade effect.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
The geometry of the tangent bundle and the relativistic kinetic theory of gases
Creators: name: Sarbach, Olivier
name: Zannias, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article discusses the relativistic kinetic theory for a simple collisionless gas from a geometric perspective. We start by reviewing the rich geometrical structure of the tangent bundle TM of a given spacetime manifold, including the splitting of the tangent spaces of TM into horizontal and vertical subspaces and the natural metric and symplectic structure it induces on TM. Based on these structures we introduce the Liouville vector field L and a suitable Hamiltonian function H on TM. The Liouville vector field turns out to be the Hamiltonian vector field associated to H. On the other hand, H also defines the mass shells as Lorentzian submanifolds of the tangent bundle. A simple collisionless gas is described by a distribution function on a particular mass shell, satisfying the Liouville equation. Together with the Liouville vector field the distribution function can be thought of as defining a fictitious incompressible fluid on the mass shells, with associated conserved current density. Flux integrals of this current density provide the averaged properties of the gas, while suitable fibre integrals of the distribution function define divergence-free tensor fields on the spacetime manifold such as the current density and stress-energy tensor. Finally, we discuss the relationship between symmetries of the spacetime manifold and symmetries of the distribution function. As a first application of our formalism we derive the most general spherically symmetric distribution function on any spherically symmetric spacetime and write the Einstein-Liouville equations as effective field equations on the two-dimensional radial manifold. As a second application we derive the most general collisionless distribution function on a Kerr black hole spacetime background.
description: 30 pages, 2 figures (including one new figure illustrating the connection map). References have been added along with a new section briefly discussing the Newtonian limit
A critical shock Mach number for particle acceleration in the absence of pre-existing cosmic rays: $M=\sqrt 5$
Creators: name: Vink, Jacco
name: Yamazaki, Ryo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that, under some generic assumptions, shocks cannot accelerate particles unless the overall shock Mach number exceeds a critical value M > sqrt(5). The reason is that for M <= sqrt(5) the work done to compress the flow in a particle precursor requires more enthalpy flux than the system can sustain. This lower limit applies to situations without significant magnetic field pressure. In case that the magnetic field pressure dominates the pressure in the unshocked medium, i.e. for low plasma beta, the resistivity of the magnetic field makes it even more difficult to fulfil the energetic requirements for the formation of shock with an accelerated particle precursor and associated compression of the upstream plasma. We illustrate the effects of magnetic fields for the extreme situation of a purely perpendicular magnetic field configuration with plasma beta = 0, which gives a minimum Mach number of M = 5/2. The situation becomes more complex, if we incorporate the effects of pre-existing cosmic rays, indicating that the additional degree of freedom allows for less strict Mach number limits on acceleration. We discuss the implications of this result for low Mach number shock acceleration as found in solar system shocks, and shocks in clusters of galaxies.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal. 14 pages, 10 figures. (Minor corrections wrt last version.)
The Co-occurrence of Positive and Negative Social Interactions and Daily Purpose
Creators: name: Pfund, Gabrielle
name: Hofer, Matthias
name: Allemand, Mathias
name: Hill, Patrick
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Personality and Social Contexts
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Sense of purpose has consistently been associated with a variety of positive outcomes, ranging from greater well-being to better physical health (Pfund & Hill, 2018). More recently, work has found that sense of purpose is correlated with desirable relationship outcomes cross-sectionally (Pfund, Brazeau, Allemand, & Hill, 2020), and more recently work has considered what these associations may look like longitudinally. To address these gaps, Weston, Lewis, and Hill (2020) used longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study to investigate the extent to which changes in social strain and social support in four relationship domains (spouses/partners, children, family, friends) predicted changes in sense of purpose in older adults over twelve years. As anticipated, older adults who reported greater social support and less social strain over three waves of data also reported a higher sense of purpose, even when accounting for frequency of social contact (Weston et al., 2020). With many older adults frequently experiencing a decline in sense of purpose (Pfund & Lewis, 2020; Pinquart, 2002), it is important to consider factors that may help older adults maintain their purposefulness. With positive social relationships predicting purpose above and beyond social contact frequency (Weston et al., 2020), the current study takes an intensive longitudinal approach to understand what daily positive social interactions mean for daily sense of purpose. Using 15 days of data from 104 older adults, this project will consider how associated daily positive social interactions is with daily sense of purpose, even when accounting for dispositional sense of purpose, employment status, marital status, and health. Finally, with each week of measurement occasions being collected approximately six months apart, the current study will also be able to evaluate to what extent these daily associations are consistent to an individual or how much these patterns may vary over time.
Soft superconducting gap in semiconductor-based Majorana nanowires
Creators: name: Stanescu, Tudor D.
name: Lutchyn, Roman M.
name: Sarma, S. Das
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a theory for the proximity effect in superconductor-semiconductor-normal metal tunneling structures, which have recently been extensively studied experimentally, leading to the observation of transport signatures consistent with the predicted zero-energy Majorana bound states. We show that our model for the semiconductor nanowire having multiple occupied subbands with different transmission probabilities through the barrier reproduces the observed "soft-gap" behavior associated with substantial subgap tunneling conductance. We study the manifestations of the soft gap phenomenon both in the tunneling conductance and in local density of states measurements and discuss the correlations between these two quantities. We emphasize that the proximity effect associated with the hybridization between low-lying states in the multiband semiconductor and the normal metal states in the lead is an intrinsic effect leading to the soft gap problem. In addition to the intrinsic contribution, there may be extrinsic effects, such as, for example, interface disorder, exacerbating the soft gap problem. Our work establishes the generic possibility of an ubiquitous presence of an intrinsic soft gap in the superconductor-semiconductor-normal metal tunneling transport conductance induced by the inverse proximity effect of the normal metal.
description: published version, 11+ pages, 8 figures
Preferences for School Characteristics & Segregation
Creators: name: Thompson, Marissa
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: This study investigates how parents choose schools, with a particular focus on preferences for school characteristics and school segregation. In particular, we will use a paired choice experiment to evaluate the extent to which parents rely on a number of school-related factors, and the conditions under which they might be amenable to more socioeconomically and racially diverse schools. In particular, we investigate school attributes related to academic achievement, learning, status/ranking, and equity, and how parents make tradeoffs between these characteristics and their desired school socioeconomic/racial composition.
The Minority Groups Homogeneity Effect
Creators: name: Tepper, Stephanie
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: In this project, we are interested in whether people perceive groups that are composed of multiple minority groups (e.g., "people of color" as a group consisting of multiple subgroups) as more similar to each other than majority groups (e.g., White people). This work is an extension of research on the outgroup homogeneity effect, wherein people perceive outgroups as more homogeneous than their ingroups. In this study, we test whether this minority groups homogeneity effect is driven by perceptions of shared fate among minority groups.
How do researchers determine and report participants’ racial identity?
Creators: name: Cai, Huanchen
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: Psychological essentialism is the belief that social categories have an underlying “essence” that is shared by all members of the group which also determines the attributes and behaviors of the group members (Neufeld, 2022). Race is one such category that can be essentialized. An essentialized view of race considers racial categories as natural, objective, immutable, and homogeneous rather than socially constructed and based on perceivers’ subjective judgment and social context (Neufeld, 2022). In fact, research has shown that a person’s racial identification is influenced by social factors beyond their physical appearances (Anderson et al., 2004). We were interested in studying if the way psychology researchers obtained racial information from participants and how they reported such information is inadvertently perpetuating the essentialization of racial categories.
How Asian Pacific Islander American women invalidate stereotypes to become transformational leaders in the workplace
Creators: name: Mondala-Duncan, Maria
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Business
subject: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Arts and Humanities
subject: Education
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Engineering
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: This study is to examine how API American women become transformational leaders in the workplace based on their experience in invalidating stereotypes
Model independent interpretation of recent CR lepton data after AMS-02
Creators: name: Gaggero, Daniele
name: Maccione, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We model the CR leptonic fluxes above 20 GeV in terms of a superposition of a standard and a charge symmetric extra component, which we generically describe as power-laws in momentum. We investigate under these hypotheses the compatibility between AMS-02, Fermi-LAT and PAMELA datasets on positron fraction, electron+positron spectrum and electron spectrum respectively. We find that it is possible to reconcile AMS and Fermi-LAT data within uncertainties, if energy-dependent effects are present in Fermi-LAT systematics. We also study possible deviations from charge symmetry in the extra component and find no compelling evidence for them.
description: v1: 15 pages, 8 figures. v2: 18 pages, 10 figures. Improved discussion on Fermi-LAT systematic errors. Conclusions unchanged. Accepted by JCAP
Context-dependent conceptual prominence of the agent-patient distinction (2)
Creators: name: Schwitzgebel, David
name: Strickland, Brent
name: Strickland, Brent
name: Rissman, Lilia
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cognition and Perception
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: This preregistration corresponds to one experiment within the broader project.
The acceptability and experiences of entomophagy in a UK population
Creators: name: McGale, Lauren
name: Duckworth, Jay
name: Sharps, Maxine
name: Bell, Katie
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: The main aim is to understand the acceptability of insects as a food source (entomophagy) in a UK population, using an online survey.
Spin-orbit splitting and effective masses in p-type GaAs two-dimensional hole gases
Creators: name: Nichele, Fabrizio
name: Pal, Atindra Nath
name: Winkler, Roland
name: Gerl, Christian
name: Wegscheider, Werner
name: Ihn, Thomas
name: Ensslin, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present magnetotransport measurements performed on two-dimensional hole gases embedded in carbon doped p-type GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures grown on [001] oriented substrates. A pronounced beating pattern in the Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations proves the presence of strong spin-orbit interaction in the device under study. We estimate the effective masses of spin-orbit split subbands by measuring the temperature dependence of the Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations at different hole densities. While the lighter heavy-hole effective mass is not energy dependent, the heavier heavy-hole effective mass has a prominent energy dependence, indicating a strong spin-orbit induced non parabolicity of the valence band. The measured effective masses show qualitative agreement with self-consistent numerical calculations.
Updated constraints on non-standard neutrino interactions from Planck
Creators: name: Archidiacono, Maria
name: Hannestad, Steen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide updated bounds on non-standard neutrino interactions based on data from the Planck satellite as well as auxiliary cosmological measurements. Two types of models are studied - A Fermi-like 4-point interaction and an interaction mediated by a light pseudoscalar - and we show that these two models are representative of models in which neutrinos either decouple or recouple in the early Universe. Current cosmological data constrain the effective 4-point coupling to be $G_X \leq \left(0.06 \, {\rm GeV}\right)^{-2}$, corresponding to $G_X \leq 2.5 \times 10^7 G_F$. For non-standard pseudoscalar interactions we set a limit on the diagonal elements of the dimensionless coupling matrix, $g_{ij}$, of $g_{ii} \leq 1.2 \times 10^{-7}$. For the off-diagonal elements which induce neutrino decay the bound is significantly stronger, corresponding to $g_{ij} \leq 2.3 \times 10^{-11}(m/0.05 \, {\rm eV})^{-2}$, or a lifetime constraint of $τ\geq 1.2 \times 10^{9} \, {\rm s} \, (m/0.05 \, {\rm eV})^{3} \,$. This is currently the strongest known bound on this particular type of neutrino decay. We finally note that extremely strong neutrino self-interactions which completely suppress anisotropic stress over all of cosmic history are very highly disfavored by current data ($Δχ^2 \sim 10^4$).
description: 22 pages, 9 figures. Version published in JCAP
Classical and Quantum Reissner-Nordström Black Hole Thermodynamics and first order Phase Transition
Creators: name: Ghaffarnejad, Hossein
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: First we consider CRNBH metric which is obtained by solving Einstein-Maxwell metric equation for a point electric charge $e$ inside of a spherical static body with mass $M$. It has 2 interior and exterior horizons. Using Bekenestein-Hawking entropy theorem we calculate interior and exterior entropy, temperature, Gibbs free energy and heat capacity at constant electric charge. We calculate first derivative of the Gibbs free energy with respect to temperature which become a singular function having a singularity at critical point with corresponding temperature $T_c=\frac{1}{24π\sqrt{3}|e|}.$ Hence we clime first order phase transition is happened there. Temperature same as Gibbs free energy takes absolutely positive (negative) values on the exterior (interior) horizon. The Gibbs free energy takes two different positive values synchronously for $0
description: 16 pages in two column format, 11 figures
Structural Tristability and Deep Dirac States in Bilayer Silicene on Ag(111) Surfaces
Creators: name: Guo, Zhi-Xin
name: Oshiyama, Atsushi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on total-energy electronic-structure calculations in the density-functional theory performed for both monolayer and bilayer silicene on Ag(111) surfaces. The rt3 x rt3 structure observed experimentally and argued to be the monolayer silicene in the past [Chen et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 085504 (2013)] is identified as the bilayer silicene on the Ag(111) surface. The identification is based on our accurate density-functional calculations in which three approximations, the local density approximation, the generalized-gradient approximation, and the van-der-Waals-density-functional approximation, to the exchange-correlation energy have been carefully examined. We find that the structural tristability exists for the rt3 x rt3 bilayer silicene. The calculated energy barriers among the three stable structures are in the range of 7 - 9 meV per Si atom, indicating possible flip-flop motions among the three. We have found that the flip-flop motion between the two of the three structures produces the honeycomb structure in the STM images, whereas the motion among the three does the 1 x 1 structure. We have found that the electron states which effectively follow Dirac equation in the freestanding silicene couple with the substrate Ag orbitals due to the bond formation, and shift downwards deep in the valence bands. This feature is common to all the stable or metastable silicene layer on the Ag(111) substrate.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Study 7: Do Sexually Aggressive Male University Students in the UK Comprise a Homogenous Forensic Population? A Cluster Analysis Study
Creators: name: Hales, Samuel
name: Gannon, Theresa
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Other Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: aggression
subject: assault
subject: campus
subject: empirical
subject: forensic
subject: HE
subject: HEI
subject: higher education
subject: misconduct
subject: needs
subject: offending
subject: PhD
subject: profiles
subject: psychology
subject: research
subject: sex
subject: sexual
subject: sexual aggression
subject: students
subject: treatment
subject: UK
subject: university
subject: violence

description: This project describes the seventh in a series of empirical research studies conducted by the lead author for his PhD, which explores male sexual aggression at UK universities. Study 7 extends a previously pre-registered study associated with this project (“Study 3”; https://osf.io/n73wy/) by using a broader sample to examine whether male university students in the UK who self-report recent sexual aggression can be classified into meaningful subgroups based on their responses to key psychological and demographic variables associated with their risk of sexual assault perpetration.
Predictors of COVID-19 Vaccine Intention
Creators: name: Dumessa, Nathan
name: Gugerty, Leo
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Health Psychology
subject: Cognitive Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: COVID-19
subject: health behavior
subject: hesitancy
subject: misinformation
subject: risk perceptions
subject: vaccine intention

description: In this study, we plan to assess the various relationships between factors that predict people’s vaccination intention and vaccination behavior. The predictors in this study include perceptions of the risks and benefits of the COVID-19 vaccine and other factors such as trust in science, political ideology, and race. We expect direct and indirect relationships between predictors to be linked to vaccination intentions and behavior. We will use structural equation modeling (SEM) to identify the structure of predictors influencing our outcome variables and use multiple-samples analysis within SEM to assess between group racial differences for Black and White Americans. Results from this study will help shape future efforts in developing interventions to increase vaccine acceptance.
Magnetic catalysis effect in (2+1)-dimensional Gross--Neveu model with Zeeman interaction
Creators: name: Klimenko, K. G.
name: Zhokhov, R. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic catalysis of the chiral symmetry breaking and other magnetic properties of the (2+1)-dimensional Gross--Neveu model are studied taking into account the Zeeman interaction of spin-1/2 quasi-particles (electrons) with tilted (with respect to a system plane) external magnetic field $\vec B=\vec B_\perp+\vec B_\parallel$. The Zeeman interaction is proportional to magnetic moment $μ_B$ of electrons. For simplicity, temperature and chemical potential are equal to zero throughout the paper. We compare in the framework of the model the above mentioned phenomena both at $μ_B=0$ and $μ_B\ne 0$. It is shown that at $μ_B\ne 0$ the magnetic catalysis effect is drastically changed in comparison with the $μ_B= 0$ case. Namely, at $μ_B\ne 0$ the chiral symmetry, being spontaneously broken by $\vec B$ at subcritical coupling constants, is always restored at $|\vec B|\to\infty$ (even at $\vec B_\parallel=0$). Moreover, it is proved in this case that chiral symmetry can be restored simply by tilting $\vec B$ to a system plane, and in the region $ B_\perp\to 0$ the de Haas -- van Alphen oscillations of the magnetization are observed. At supercritical values of coupling constant we have found two chirally non-invariant phases which respond differently on the action of $\vec B$. The first (at rather small values of $|\vec B|$) is a diamagnetic phase, in which there is an enhancement of chiral condensate, whereas the second is a paramagnetic chirally broken phase. Numerical estimates show that phase transitions described in the paper can be achieved at low enough laboratory magnetic fields.
description: v3;14 pages; 8 figures;minor changes of the text;published version
Single-layer MoS2 mechanical resonators
Creators: name: Castellanos-Gomez, Andres
name: van Leeuwen, Ronald
name: Buscema, Michele
name: van der Zant, Herre S. J.
name: Steele, Gary A.
name: Venstra, Warner J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of single-layer MoS2 mechanical resonators. The fabricated resonators have fundamental resonance frequencies in the order of 10 MHz to 30 MHz (depending on their geometry) and their quality factor is about ~55 at room temperature in vacuum. The dynamical properties clearly indicate that monolayer MoS2 membranes are in the membrane limit (i.e., tension dominated), in contrast to their thicker counterparts, which behave as plates. We also demonstrate clear signatures of nonlinear behaviour of our atomically thin membranes, thus providing a starting point for future investigations on the nonlinear dynamics of monolayer nanomechanical resonators.
description: Supp. Info. included
Mental health and UK public perceptions of employability
Creators: name: Porter, Cody
name: Lawrence, Daniel
name: Harvey, Adam
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Mental and Social Health
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: A strong association between mental health problems and work-related disability exists. According to the World Health Organization, of all disabilities, severe mental health issues are associated with the highest rates of unemployment (Nirmala et al., 2020). This research investigates whether severe mental health problems, in this case schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, and emotionally unstable personality disorder (EUPD), impacts perceptions of employability in a British sample.
Finite element approximation of the $p(\cdot)$-Laplacian
Creators: name: Breit, D.
name: Diening, L.
name: Schwarzacher, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65N15, 65N30, 65D05, 35J60, 46E30

description: We study a~priori estimates for the Dirichlet problem of the $p(\cdot)$-Laplacian, \[-\mathrm{div}(|\nabla v|^{p(\cdot)-2} \nabla v) = f. \] We show that the gradients of the finite element approximation with zero boundary data converges with rate $O(h^α)$ if the exponent $p$ is $α$-Hölder continuous. The error of the gradients is measured in the so-called quasi-norm, i.e. we measure the $L^2$-error of $|\nabla v|^{\frac{p-2}{2}} \nabla v$.
Use of Gesture During On-line Language Processing to Resolve Referential Ambiguity
Creators: name: Clough, Sharice
name: Duff, Melissa
name: Brown-Schmidt, Sarah
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Speech and Hearing Science
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Cognitive Psychology
subject: Communication Sciences and Disorders
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Language processing is incremental, unfolding rapidly over time, and multimodal, containing information from a variety of sources, including speech and gesture. Listeners bind meaningful information from speech and gesture to generate an integrated representation of a message. In the current study, we examine how meaningful information from gesture affects language processing in real time by tracking participants’ eye movements as they view a visual scene. Participants will watch a video of speaker producing subject-verb-object sentences (e.g., “The girl will eat the very good sandwich.”). On some trials, the speaker will produce a meaningful gesture (e.g., sandwich-holding gesture). On other trials, the speaker will producing a meaningless grooming movement (e.g., arm scratch). On all trials, participants will view the video of the speaker in the middle of their screen and four picture objects in the four corners. These will include the target item (e.g., sandwich), a competitor item that is a plausible object of the verb “eat” (e.g., apple), and two distractor items that are not plausible objects of the verb “eat” (e.g., piano and guitar). Analysis of gaze is used to measure real-time interpretation.
Pathwise nonuniqueness for the SPDEs of some super-Brownian motions with immigration
Creators: name: Chen, Yu-Ting
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60H15, 60J68 (Primary) 35R60, 35K05 (Secondary)

description: We prove pathwise nonuniqueness in the stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) for some one-dimensional super-Brownian motions with immigration. In contrast to a closely related case investigated by Mueller, Mytnik and Perkins [Ann. Probab. 42 (2014) 2032-2112], the solutions of the present SPDEs are assumed to be nonnegative and have very different properties including uniqueness in law. In proving possible separation of solutions, we derive delicate properties of certain correlated approximating solutions, which is based on a novel coupling method called continuous decomposition. In general, this method may be of independent interest in furnishing solutions of SPDEs with intrinsic adapted structure.oximating solutions, which may be of independent interest in the study of superprocesses with immigration.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/14-AOP962 in the Annals of Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Safety Neural Systems
Creators: name: Tashjian, Sarah
name: mobbs, dean
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cognitive Neuroscience
subject: Life Sciences
subject: Social Psychology
subject: Cognitive Psychology
subject: Neuroscience and Neurobiology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Other Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: fmri
subject: metacognition
subject: safety
subject: self
subject: threat
subject: vmpfc

description: Traditional conceptualizations represent safety as an inverse of threat – as threat reduces, safety increases. However, Tashjian et al. 2021 argue that safety can be signaled alone or in the context of threat. In the presence of threat, perception of safety can differ as a function of protection, despite holding attack probability constant. Tashjian et al. theorized that there are several underlying factors contributing to safety computations, with hierarchical organization of externally threat-oriented and internally self-oriented contributions. This fMRI study will test how the brain tracks changing safety contingencies for external and internal factors and how these neural systems contribute to safety evaluations. Primary aims are to examine whether individuals are more sensitive to changes in external threat factors or self-related protective factors and to test whether perceptual sensitivity is linked to the hypothesized threat to safety continuum in the vmPFC.
Critical edge behavior and the Bessel to Airy transition in the singularly perturbed Laguerre unitary ensemble
Creators: name: Xu, Shuai-Xia
name: Dai, Dan
name: Zhao, Yu-Qiu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 33E17, 34M55, 41A60

description: In this paper, we study the singularly perturbed Laguerre unitary ensemble $$ \frac{1}{Z_n} (\det M)^αe^{- \textrm{tr}\, V_t(M)}dM, \qquad α>0, $$ with $V_t(x) = x + t/x$, $x\in (0,+\infty)$ and $t>0$. Due to the effect of $t/x$ for varying $t$, the eigenvalue correlation kernel has a new limit instead of the usual Bessel kernel at the hard edge 0. This limiting kernel involves $ψ$-functions associated with a special solution to a new third-order nonlinear differential equation, which is then shown equivalent to a particular Painlevé III equation. The transition of this limiting kernel to the Bessel and Airy kernels is also studied when the parameter $t$ changes in a finite interval $(0, d]$. Our approach is based on Deift-Zhou nonlinear steepest descent method for Riemann-Hilbert problems.
description: 41 pages, 6 figures. Modifications are made in Introduction and Sec. 2.2. Typos corrected and references added
The 3 x 3 x 3 hyperdeterminant as a polynomial in the fundamental invariants for SL(3,C) x SL(3,C) x SL(3,C)
Creators: name: Bremner, Murray
name: Hu, Jiaxiong
name: Oeding, Luke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Symbolic Computation (cs.SC)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Primary 13A50, Secondary 15A72, 17B10

description: We briefly review previous work on the invariant theory of 3 x 3 x 3 arrays. We then recall how to generate arrays of arbitrary size m_1 x ... x m_k with hyperdeterminant 0. Our main result is an explicit formula for the 3 x 3 x 3 hyperdeterminant as a polynomial in the fundamental invariants of degrees 6, 9 and 12 for the action of the Lie group SL(3,C) x SL(3,C) x SL(3,C). We apply our calculations to Nurmiev's classification of normal forms for 3 x 3 x 3 arrays.
description: 10 pages, to appear in Mathematics in Computer Science (Special Issue on Computational Algebraic Geometry)
Detecting Fulde-Ferrell superconductors by an Andreev interferometer
Creators: name: Chen, Wei
name: Gong, Ming
name: Shen, R.
name: Xing, D. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an Andreev interferometer, based on a branched Y-junction, to detect the finite momentum pairing in Fulde-Ferrell (FF) superconductors. In this interferometer, the oscillation of subgap conductance is a unique function of phase difference between the two channels of the Y-junction, which is determined by the phase modulation of the order parameter in the FF superconductors. This interferometer has the potential not only to determine the magnitude but also the direction of the momentum of Cooper pairs in the FF superconductor. The possible applications of the interferometer in the identification of the finite momentum pairing in non-centrosymmetric superconductors are also discussed.
description: 14pages,4 figures
Sequential State Discrimination and Requirement of Quantum Dissonance
Creators: name: Pang, Chao-Qian
name: Zhang, Fu-Lin
name: Xu, Li-Fang
name: Liang, Mai-Lin
name: Chen, Jing-Ling
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the procedure for sequential unambiguous state discrimination. A qubit is prepared in one of two possible states, and measured by two observers Bob and Charlie sequentially. A necessary condition for the state to be unambiguously discriminated by Charlie is the absence of entanglement between the principal qubit, prepared by Alice, and Bob's auxiliary system. In general, the procedure for both Bob and Charlie to recognize between two nonorthogonal states conclusively relies on the availability of quantum discord which is precisely the quantum dissonance when the entanglement is absent. In Bob's measurement, the left discord is positively correlated with the information extracted by Bob, and the right discord enhances the information left to Charlie. When their product achieves its maximum the probability for both Bob and Charlie to identify the state achieves its optimal value.
description: 4.5 pages, 3 figures
Primary Voting and Moderate Candidates
Creators: name: Anderson, Sarah
name: Butler, Dan
name: Harbridge Yong, Laurel
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: American Politics
subject: Political Science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: electability
subject: moderation
subject: Primary elections

description: Survey experiment on how voters respond to getting information that the candidate in the opposing party primary is more or less moderate