cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A scoping review and thematic analysis of social and behavioural research among HIV-serodiscordant couples in high-income settings
Creators: name: Mendelsohn, Joshua B.
name: Calzavara, Liviana
name: Daftary, Amrita
name: Mitra, Sanjana
name: Pidutti, Joel
name: Allman, Dan
name: Bourne, Adam
name: Loutfy, Mona
name: Myers, Ted
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: HIV infections--Economic aspects
Couples--Sexual behavior
HIV infections--Social aspects
Public health

description: Background:
While HIV incidence has stabilized in many settings, increases in health and wellbeing among many people living with HIV/AIDS suggest that the number of HIV-serodiscordant relationships is growing. Given the deficit of reviews addressing social and behavioural characteristics of HIV-serodiscordant couples within high-income settings, our objective was to understand the scope of the published literature, identify evidence gaps, and suggest future research needs.

Methods:
Ten electronic databases were searched. Studies were included if they were reported in English, used primary data, were from the combination antiretroviral (cART) era (> 1996), reported on social or behavioural aspects, included any fraction of primary (i.e., stable) relationships, and were conducted in high-income settings. Studies that identified their unit of analysis as either the dyad or individual member of the couple were included. Studies were coded according to a thematic framework.

Results:
Included studies (n = 154) clustered into eight themes: risk behaviours (29%), risk management (26%), reproductive issues (12%), relationship quality (9%), serostatus disclosure (7%), adherence to antiretroviral therapy (7%), vulnerability (5%), and social support (3%). The proportion of studies conducted among heterosexual couples, same-sex male couples, and mixed cohorts were 42%, 34%, and 24%, respectively. Most studies (70%) were conducted in the United States, 70% of all studies were quantitative (including interventions), but only one-third were focused on couples (dyads) where both partners are recruited to a study. Over 25% of studies focused on sexual risk among same-sex male couples.

Conclusions:
Future research efforts should focus on the interrelationship of risk management strategies and relationship quality, social determinants of health and wellbeing, HIV testing, vulnerable populations, reproductive issues among same-sex couples, disclosure of serodiscordant status to social networks, dyadic studies, population-based studies, and interventions to support risk management within couples. Additional population-based studies and studies among marginalized groups would be helpful for targeting research and interventions to couples that are most in need. As HIV-positive partners are typically the link to services and research, innovative ways are needed for reaching out to HIV-negative partners. Our review suggests that significantly more research is needed to understand the social and behavioural contexts of HIV-serodiscordant relationships.

Keywords:

High-income settings HIV AIDS Serodiscordant Relationships Review Social Behavioural
Reconstruction of hierarchical differentiation processes based on the temporal clonal readout in distinct hematopoietic lineages: part II
Creators: name: Baldow, Christoph
name: Glauche, Ingmar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: The differentiation process of hematopoietic stem cells towards mature blood cells is generally depicted as a hierarchical decision process. Although the principle structure of such a branching tree is widely accepted, increasing evidence about complementary and alternative differentiation pathways question the concept of a fixed hierarchy. Clonal tracing studies allow quantifying to which extend and in which lineages marked hematopoietic stem cells contribute to the production of mature blood cells. However, the reconstruction of a hierarchical decision tree based on the temporal clonal readout in distinct blood lineages is computationally challenging. We use a computational approach to investigate how and under which conditions the original branching tree can be faithfully reconstructed. To this end we use a mathematically model to generate prototypic differentiation processes through a hierarchical decision tree and produce clonal readouts in different lineages over time that closely resample the data available from corresponding experimental and clinical studies. Applying a numerical optimization procedure, we estimate the extend of necessary data (e.g. with respect to measured compartments and timing of subsequent measures) that is needed for the reconstruction process in order to obtain identifiable results. We complement the model-based investigations with available data from clonal tracing studies and test our suggested approaches for reconstruction of hierarchical decision trees in real-world settings. Our analysis is a necessary and complementary prerequisite to support experimental approaches for the reconstruction of hierarchical, hematopoietic decision trees. In particular, the modeling approach allows, based on the available data, to estimate whether certain decision processes can be uniquely reconstructed or not.
Understanding the Quality Assurance Engineers' Brain from the Neuroscience Perspective
Creators: name: Farias, Roselane
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: software engineering

description: Software Quality Assurance involves assessing every phase of the software development process to ensure that the outcomes and the final product meet the desired quality. In general, a software quality assurance engineer (QA) needs to have different abilities to oversee the entire development process, which includes software quality, from beginning to end. Previous studies have identified some of these abilities through self-reported data but they may not be totally reliable due to various biases that may affect the results. Advances in medical imaging are increasingly applied to software engineering offering a unique opportunity to understand, build, and test theories of program comprehension like never before. Neuroimaging has shown very powerful in supporting neurobiological explorations of software development activities; however, we lack a thorough understanding of the human cognitive processes underlying software testing activities. Recent studies using electroencephalogram (EEG) revealed a relationship between mental load and expertise. This work aims to explore the mental load and processes involved when a QA writes a test design or reviews a test code, investigate whether we can distinguish a QA from ordinary ones, and, collect evidence on how to improve the testing process by detecting and comparing brain activity, monitoring and analyzing software quality Assurance engineers’ biofeedback during automation testing activities using EEG.
Wave packet dynamics in the one-dimensional extended Hubbard model
Creators: name: Al-Hassanieh, K. A.
name: Rincon, Julian
name: Dagotto, E.
name: Alvarez, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using time-dependent density-matrix renormalization group, we study the time evolution of electronic wave packets in the one-dimensional extended Hubbard model with on-site and nearest neighbor repulsion, U and V, respectively. As expected, the wave packets separate into spin-only and charge-only excitations (spin-charge separation). Charge and spin velocities exhibit non-monotonic dependence on V. For small and intermediate values of V, both velocities increase with V. However, the charge velocity exhibits a stronger dependence than that of the spin, leading to a more pronounced spin-charge separation. Charge fractionalization, on the other hand, is weakly affected by V. The results are explained in terms of Luttinger liquid theory in the weak-coupling limit, and an effective model in the strong-coupling regime.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Processes of heavy quark pair (lepton pair) and two gluon (two photon) production in the high energy quark (electron) proton peripheral collisions
Creators: name: Ahmadov, Azad I.
name: Kuraev, Eduard A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We considered the three jet production processes in the region of the incident lepton, photon, quark or gluon fragmentation. The fourth jet is created by the recoil proton. The kinematics of jet production is discussed in jets production in the fragmentation region. The non-trivial relation between the momenta of the recoil proton and the polar angle of its emission was derived. Based on this formalism the differential cross sections of QCD processes $gp \to (ggg) p; \,\,\,qp \to (q \bar{Q} Q) p; \,\,\, gp \to (g Q \bar{Q})p$ were obtained, including the distribution on transverse momentum component of jets fragments. It was shown that the role of the contribution of "non-Abelian" nature may become dominant in a particular kinematics of the final particles. The kinematics, in which the initial particle changes the direction of movement to the opposite one, was considered in the case of heavy quark-antiquark pair production. Different distributions, including spectral, azimuthal and polar angle distribution on the fragments of jets can be arranged using our results. We present besides the behavior of the ratio of non-Abelian contribution to the cross section to the total contribution. We show that it dominates for large values of the transverse momenta of jets component (gluons or quarks). Some historical introduction to the cross-sections of peripheral processes, including 2$γ$ creation mechanism production, including the result Brodsky-Kinoshita-Terazawa, is given.
description: 25 pages, 4 figures, 5 tables
Neural mechanisms underlying catastrophic failure in human–machine interaction during aerial navigation
Creators: name: Saproo, Sameer
name: Shih, Victor C.
name: Jangraw, David C.
name: Sajda, Paul
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Human-machine systems
subject: Airplanes--Piloting
subject: Biomedical engineering
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Objective. We investigated the neural correlates of workload buildup in a fine visuomotor task called the boundary avoidance task (BAT). The BAT has been known to induce naturally occurring failures of human–machine coupling in high performance aircraft that can potentially lead to a crash—these failures are termed pilot induced oscillations (PIOs). Approach. We recorded EEG and pupillometry data from human subjects engaged in a flight BAT simulated within a virtual 3D environment. Main results. We find that workload buildup in a BAT can be successfully decoded from oscillatory features in the electroencephalogram (EEG). Information in delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma spectral bands of the EEG all contribute to successful decoding, however gamma band activity with a lateralized somatosensory topography has the highest contribution, while theta band activity with a fronto-central topography has the most robust contribution in terms of real-world usability. We show that the output of the spectral decoder can be used to predict PIO susceptibility. We also find that workload buildup in the task induces pupil dilation, the magnitude of which is significantly correlated with the magnitude of the decoded EEG signals. These results suggest that PIOs may result from the dysregulation of cortical networks such as the locus coeruleus (LC)—anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) circuit. Significance. Our findings may generalize to similar control failures in other cases of tight man-machine coupling where gains and latencies in the control system must be inferred and compensated for by the human operators. A closed-loop intervention using neurophysiological decoding of workload buildup that targets the LC-ACC circuit may positively impact operator performance in such situations.
Radio Synchrotron Emission from the Bow Shock of G2
Creators: name: Crumley, Patrick
name: Kumar, Pawan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The radio flux from the synchrotron emission of electrons accelerated in the forward bow shock of G2 is expected to peak when the forward shock passes pericenter, possibly 7 to 9 months before the center of mass of G2 reaches pericenter ~3x10^15 cm from the Galactic Center (Narayan et al. 2012; Sadowski et al. 2013a,b). In this letter, we calculate the radio emission from the forward and reverse shock if G2 is a momentum-supported bow shock of a faint star with a high mass-loss rate as suggested by Scoville & Burkert (2013); Ballone et al. (2013). We show that the radio flux lies well below the quiescent radio flux of Sgr A* and will be difficult to detect. By contrast, in the cloud model of G2, the radio flux of the forward shock is predicted to be much larger than the quiescent radio flux and therefore should have already been detected (Narayan et al. 2012; Sadowski et al. 2013b). Therefore, radio measurements can reveal the nature of G2 well before G2 completes its periapsis passage.
description: [v2] Fixed citations, updated abstract. 3 figures. Submitted to MNRAS, accepted 2013 September 06. Received 2013 September 06; in original form 2013 August 02
Multimodal imaging documentation of rapid evolution of retinal changes in handheld laser-induced maculopathy
Creators: name: Dhrami-Gavazi, Elona
name: Lee, Winston
name: Balaratnasingam, Chandrakumar
name: Kayserman, Larisa
name: Yannuzzi, Lawrence A.
name: Freund, K. Bailey
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Wavelengths
Awareness
Lasers
Ophthalmology

description: Purpose
To use multimodal imaging to document the relatively rapid clinical evolution of handheld laser-induced maculopathy (HLIM). To demonstrate that inadvertent ocular injury can result from devices mislabeled with respect to their power specifications.

Methods
The clinical course of a 17-year-old male who sustained self-inflicted, central macular damage from a 20–25 s direct stare at a red-spectrum, handheld laser pointer ordered from an internet retailer is provided. Retrospective review of multimodal imaging that includes fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, MultiColor reflectance, eye-tracked spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), fundus autofluorescence, and microperimetry is used to describe the evolving clinical manifestations of HLIM in the first 3 months.

Results
Curvilinear bands of dense hyperreflectivity extending from the outer retina and following the Henle fibers were seen on SD-OCT immediately after injury. This characteristic appearance had largely resolved by 2 weeks. There was significant non-uniformity in the morphological characteristics of HLIM lesions between autofluorescence and reflectance images. The pattern of lesion evolution was also significantly different between imaging modalities. Analysis of the laser device showed its wavelength to be correctly listed, but the power was found to be 102.5–105 mW, as opposed to the <5 mW described on the label.

Conclusion
While the immediate SD-OCT characteristics are highly specific for handheld laser -induced maculopathy, this finding can undergo rapid resolution in the span of several days. In the absence of this finding, other multimodal imaging clues and a careful history may aid in recognizing this diagnosis. A greater awareness regarding inaccurate labeling on some of these devices could help reduce the frequency of this preventable entity.
The Promotion of Self-Regulated Learning in English Instruction at Colombian Universities
Creators: name: Bravo Zambrano, Jackeline
Publisher: name: IUPUI University Library
Year: 2023
Subjects: self-regulated learning
self-efficacy
self-motivation
autonomous learning
successful learning
learning strategies
English teaching in Colombia

description: Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
description: One of the main educational discourses in the era of globalization is lifelong learning. Self-regulated learning and learner autonomy are considered to be cornerstones of lifelong learning and are currently topics of main discussion and interest in the teaching of English to speakers of other languages in Colombia and other countries around the world. Although previous research has suggested different teaching alternatives to promote self-regulated learning (SRL) in English instruction in Colombia, what actually happens in the classroom and its impact on the development of SRL have received little attention. This study aimed to identify what Colombian university English instructors know about language teaching methods, approaches, principles, and strategies to promote SRL and to understand to what extent their teaching practices help to promote SRL. Using a survey questionnaire and in-depth interviews, this study was developed based on a mixed-methods approach to understand how the processes involved in SRL, as proposed by Zimmerman (2002), are promoted implicitly or explicitly in the university English classroom. Consistently, most university English instructors are not familiar with the construct of SRL, and their teaching practices mainly focus on teaching, evaluating, and giving feedback on language use and task completion, but not on the processes involved in SRL. Nevertheless, SRL-related aspects, such as learner motivation and the learning of strategies, are part of some instructors' teaching agendas. It is suggested, among others, that university English course programs should incorporate SRL education initiatives such as pre-academic courses on SRL, as well as on how successful language learning takes place. This is to help learners be more prepared for successful and lifelong learning, not only in the English classroom, but beyond.
Peer-led healthy lifestyle program in supportive housing: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Cabassa, Leopoldo J.
name: Stefancic, Ana
name: O’Hara, Kathleen
name: Lewis-Fernández, Roberto
name: El-Bassel, Nabila
name: Luchsinger, Jose A.
name: Gates, Lauren B.
name: Younge, Richard
name: Wall, Melanie
name: Palinkas, Lawrence A.
name: Weinstein, Lara
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Community health services
Lifestyles--Psychological aspects
Mental health services
Public health

description: Background
The risk for obesity is twice as high in people with serious mental illness (SMI) compared to the general population. Racial and ethnic minority status contribute additional health risks. The aim of this study is to describe the protocol of a Hybrid Trial Type 1 design that will test the effectiveness and examine the implementation of a peer-led healthy lifestyle intervention in supportive housing agencies serving diverse clients with serious mental illness who are overweight or obese.

Methods
The Hybrid Trial Type 1 design will combine a randomized effectiveness trial with a mixed-methods implementation study. The effectiveness trial will test the health impacts of a peer-led healthy lifestyle intervention versus usual care in supportive housing agencies. The healthy lifestyle intervention is derived from the Group Lifestyle Balanced Program, lasts 12 months, and will be delivered by trained peer specialists. Repeated assessments will be conducted at baseline and at 6, 12, and 18 months post randomization. A mixed-methods (e.g., structured interviews, focus groups, surveys) implementation study will be conducted to examine multi-level implementation factors and processes that can inform the use of the healthy lifestyle intervention in routine practice, using data from agency directors, program managers, staff, and peer specialists before, during, and after the implementation of the effectiveness trial.

Discussion
This paper describes the use of a hybrid research design that blends effectiveness trial methodologies and implementation science rarely used when studying the physical health of people with SMI and can serve as a model for integrating implementation science and health disparities research. Rigorously testing effectiveness and exploring the implementation process are both necessary steps to establish the evidence for large-scale delivery of peer-led healthy lifestyle intervention to improve the physical health of racial/ethnic minorities with SMI.

Trial registration
www.clinicaltrials.gov; NCT02175641, registered 24 June 2014
Type 1 neovascularization may confer resistance to geographic atrophy amongst eyes treated for neovascular age-related macular degeneration
Creators: name: Gavazi, Elona
name: Balaratnasingam, Chandrakumar
name: Freund, K. Bailey
name: Lee, Winston
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Injections
Neovascularization
Retinal degeneration
Ophthalmology

description: Background
To report a series of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients in whom progression to geographic atrophy (GA) in one eye receiving frequent intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy for type 1 neovascularization (NV) was slower than that of the fellow eye with non-neovascular AMD.

Methods
Retrospective, observational case series examining the clinical course and GA progression rate in four consecutive patients in which one eye harbored type 1 neovascular AMD and was receiving anti-VEGF therapy, while the fellow eye manifested signs of non-neovascular AMD only. Eligibility criteria included anti-VEGF therapy duration of over 4 years and over 50 injections. Lesion evolution was documented via multimodal imaging. GA at baseline and final visits was quantified and GA progression rate for each eye was determined.

Results
Four consecutive patients were followed for a mean interval of 94 months (range 62–120). One eye harbored type 1 NV while the fellow eye remained non-neovascular. The former received a mean of 65.5 ± 15.2 anti-VEGF injections. Mean rate of GA progression in non-neovascular eyes was 0.076 ± 0.024 mm2/month and in type 1 NV eyes was 0.004 ± 0.005 mm2/month. Difference in GA progression rate between type 1 and non-neovascular eyes was found to be statistically significant (P = 0.001).

Conclusions
These findings support previous hypotheses that, unlike type 2 and 3 lesions, type 1 NV may represent a neovascular AMD subtype more resilient to GA formation. This may have implications for anti-VEGF regimens in the management of type 1 NV.
Nachtrag zum Magnetisten; 1787
Creators: name: Hoffmann, Christoph Ludwig
name: Hoffmann, Christoph Ludwig
name: Hoffmann, Christoph Ludwig
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2015

description: In Fraktur. - Erg. zu: Der Magnetist / von C. L. Hoffmann. Erg. bildet: Zweiter Nachtrag zu C. L. Hoffmanns Magnetisten
Five dimensional formulation of a DSR
Creators: name: Buonocore, Riccardo Junior
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we analyze a possible formalization of the deformed special relativity as a five-dimensional theory. This is not the first attempt to do so, but we feel that either these previous treatments are too arbitrary in the choice of the new enlarged space, or they lack a satisfactory physical interpretation. In this work, we propose an algorithm which fixes the shape of the enlarged space. Afterwards, we focus our attention on the consequences of our formalism, proposing a physical interpretation.
description: 19 pages, no figures, minor changes
CRISPR-mediated genome editing of Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites
Creators: name: Lee, Marcus C. S.
name: Fidock, David Armand
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Genomics
Malaria--Treatment
Malaria--Prevention
Biochemistry

description: The development of the CRISPR-Cas system is revolutionizing genome editing in a variety of organisms. The system has now been used to manipulate the genome of Plasmodium falciparum, the most lethal malaria-causing species. The ability to generate gene deletions or nucleotide substitutions rapidly and economically promises to accelerate the analysis of novel drug targets and to help elucidate the function of specific genes or gene families, while complementing genome-wide association studies.
Towards Realizing a Quantum Memory for a Superconducting Qubit: Storage and Retrieval of quantum states
Creators: name: Saito, Shiro
name: Zhu, Xiaobo
name: Amsüss, Robert
name: Matsuzaki, Yuichiro
name: Kakuyanagi, Kosuke
name: Shimo-Oka, Takaaki
name: Mizuochi, Norikazu
name: Nemoto, Kae
name: Munro, William J.
name: Semba, Kouichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have built a hybrid system composed of a superconducting flux qubit (the processor) and an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond (the memory) that can be directly coupled to one another and demonstrated how information can be transferred from the flux qubit to the memory, stored and subsequently retrieved. We have established the coherence properties of the memory, and succeeded in creating an entangled state between the processor and memory, demonstrating how the entangled state's coherence is preserved. Our results are a significant step towards using an electron spin ensemble as a quantum memory for superconducting qubits.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Maternal, fetal and neonatal mortality: lessons learned from historical changes in high income countries and their potential application to low-income countries
Creators: name: Goldenberg, Robert L.
name: McClure, Elizabeth M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Statistics--Medical
Health services administration
Stillbirth
Obstetrics
Gynecology

description: Background
There are large differences in pregnancy outcome between high income countries and many middle and low income countries. In fact, maternal, fetal and neonatal mortality rates in many low-income countries approximate those that were seen in high-income countries nearly a century ago.

Findings
This paper documents the very substantial reductions in maternal, fetal and neonatal mortality rates in high income countries over the last century and explores the likely reasons for those reductions. The conditions responsible for the current high mortality rates in low and middle income countries are discussed as are the interventions likely to result in substantial reductions in maternal, fetal and neonatal mortality from those conditions. The conditions that result in maternal mortality are often responsible for fetal and neonatal mortality and the interventions that save maternal lives often reduce fetal and neonatal mortality as well. Single interventions rarely achieve substantial reductions in mortality. Instead, upgrading the system of care so that appropriate interventions could be applied at appropriate times is most likely to achieve the desired reductions in maternal, fetal and neonatal mortality.
Cavia Pallas 1766
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Caviidae
Cavia

description: Cavia Pallas, 1766. Misc. Zool., p. 30. COMMENT: Reviewed by Huckinghaus, 1961, Z. Wiss. Zool., 166:34-58, and Cabrera, 1961:575-580. ISIS NUMBER: 5301410019001000000.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Rodentia (Part 6), pp. 560-594 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 572, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353039
description: {"references": ["Huckinghaus, F. 1961. Vergleichende Untersuchungen uber die Formenmannigfaltigkeit der Unterfamilie Caviinae Murray 1886. (Ergebnisse der Sudamerikaexpedition Herre / Rohrs 1956 - 1957). Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 166: 1 - 98, 62 pls."]}
A Possible Detection of Solar Gamma-Rays by the Ground Level Detector
Creators: name: Muraki, Y.
name: Valdes-Galicia, J. F.
name: Gonzalez, L. X.
name: Koga, K.
name: Matsumoto, H.
name: Masuda, S.
name: Matsubara, Y.
name: Nagai, Y.
name: Tanaka, Y.
name: Sakai, T.
name: Sako, T.
name: Shibata, S.
name: Watanabe, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On March 7, 2011 from 19:48:00 to 20:03:00 UT, the solar neutron telescope located at Mt. Sierra Negra, Mexico (4,600m) observed a 8.8sigma enhancement. In this paper, we would like to try to explain this enhancement by a hypothesis that a few GeV gamma-rays arrived at the top of the mountain produced by the Sun. We postulate that protons were accelerated at the shock front. They precipitate at the solar surface and produced those gamma-rays. If hypothesis is confirmed, this enhancement is the first sample of GeV gamma-rays observed by a ground level detector.
description: 7 pages, 10 figures
Childhood Illness Prevalence and Health Seeking Behavior Patterns in Rural Tanzania
Creators: name: Kanté, Almamy Malick
name: Gutierrez, Hialy R.
name: Larsen, Anna M.
name: Jackson, Elizabeth
name: Helleringer, Stéphane
name: Exavery, Amon
name: Tani, Kassimu
name: Phillips, James F.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Child caregivers
Diseases
Medical care
Public health

description: Introduction
This paper identifies factors influencing differences in the prevalence of diarrhea, fever and acute respiratory infection (ARI), and health seeking behavior among caregivers of children under age five in rural Tanzania.

Methods
Using cross-sectional survey data collected in Kilombero, Ulanga, and Rufiji districts, the analysis included 1,643 caregivers who lived with 2,077 children under five years old. Logistic multivariate and multinomial regressions were used to analyze factors related to disease prevalence and to health seeking behavior.

Results
One quarter of the children had experienced fever in the past two weeks, 12.0 % had diarrhea and 6.7 % experienced ARI. Children two years of age and older were less likely to experience morbidity than children under one year [ORfever = 0.77, 95 % CI 0.61-0.96; ORdiarrhea = 0.26, 95 % CI 0.18-0.37; ORARI = 0.60 95 % CI 0.41-0.89]. Children aged two and older were more likely than children under one to receive no care or to receive care at home, rather than to receive care at a facility [RRRdiarrhea = 3.47, 95 % CI 1.19-10.17 for “No care”]. Children living with an educated caregiver were less likely to receive no care or home care rather than care at a facility as compared to those who lived with an uneducated caregiver [RRRdiarrhea = 0.28, 95 % CI 1.10-0.79 for “No care”]. Children living in the wealthiest households were less likely to receive no care or home care for fever as compared to those who lived poorest households. Children living more than 1 km from health facility were more likely to receive no care or to receive home care for diarrhea rather than care at a facility as compared to those living less than 1 km from a facility [RRRdiarrhea = 3.50, 95 % CI 1.13-10.82 for “No care”]. Finally, caregivers who lived with more than one child under age five were more likely to provide no care or home care rather than to seek treatment at a facility as compared to those living with only one child under five.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that child age, caregiver education attainment, and household wealth and location may be associated with childhood illness and care seeking behavior patterns. Interventions should be explored that target children and caregivers according to these factors, thereby better addressing barriers and optimizing health outcomes especially for children at risk of dying before the age of five.
Nonlinear fluctuations of weakly asymmetric interacting particle systems
Creators: name: Gonçalves, Patricia
name: Jara, Milton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60K35, 60G60, 60F17, 35R60

description: We introduce what we call the second-order Boltzmann-Gibbs principle, which allows to replace local functionals of a conservative, one-dimensional stochastic process by a possibly nonlinear function of the conserved quantity. This replacement opens the way to obtain nonlinear stochastic evolutions as the limit of the fluctuations of the conserved quantity around stationary states. As an application of this second-order Boltzmann-Gibbs principle, we introduce the notion of energy solutions of the KPZ and stochastic Burgers equations. Under minimal assumptions, we prove that the density fluctuations of one-dimensional, stationary, weakly asymmetric, conservative particle systems are sequentially compact and that any limit point is given by energy solutions of the stochastic Burgers equation. We also show that the fluctuations of the height function associated to these models are given by energy solutions of the KPZ equation in this sense. Unfortunately, we lack a uniqueness result for these energy solutions. We conjecture these solutions to be unique, and we show some regularity results for energy solutions of the KPZ/Burgers equation, supporting this conjecture.
description: 43 pages, to appear in Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis
Der Magnetist; 1787
Creators: name: Hoffmann, Christoph Ludwig
name: Hoffmann, Christoph Ludwig
name: Hoffmann, Christoph Ludwig
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2015

description: In Fraktur. - Erg. bildet: Nachtrag zum Magnetisten / von C. L. Hoffmann. Zweiter Nachtrag zu C. L. Hoffmanns Magnetisten
Cavia aperea Erxleben 1777
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Caviidae
Cavia
Cavia aperea

description: Cavia aperea Erxleben, 1777. Syst. Regn. Anim., 1:348. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Pernambuco. DISTRIBUTION: Colombia; Venezuela; Guianas; Brazil; N. Argentina; Uruguay; Paraguay. COMMENT: Includes guianae; see Huckinghaus, 1961, Z. Wiss. Zool., 166:58, and Husson, 1978:449; but also see Cabrera, 1961:578, who placed guianae in porcellus. Corbet and Hill, 1980:189, listed guianae as a distinct species without comment. Includes pamparum; see Massoia and Fornes, 1967, Acta Zool. Lilloana, 23:407-430, and Huckinghaus, 1961, Z. Wiss. Zool., 166:57; but see Cabrera, 1961:577, who listed pamparum as a distinct species. ISIS NUMBER: 5301410019001001001 as C. aperea. 5301410019001004001 as C. pamparum.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Rodentia (Part 6), pp. 560-594 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 573, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353039
description: {"references": ["Huckinghaus, F. 1961. Vergleichende Untersuchungen uber die Formenmannigfaltigkeit der Unterfamilie Caviinae Murray 1886. (Ergebnisse der Sudamerikaexpedition Herre / Rohrs 1956 - 1957). Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 166: 1 - 98, 62 pls.", "Husson, A. M. 1978. The mammals of Suriname. E. J. Brill, Leiden, 569 pp., 160 pls.", "Corbet, G. B., and J. E. Hill. 1980. A world list of mammalian species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.", "Massoia, E., and A. Fornes. 1967. El estado sistematico, distribucion geografica y datos etoecologicos de algunos mamiferos neotropicales (Marsupialia y Rodentia), con la descripcion de Cabreramys, genero nuevo (Cricetidae). Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 23: 407 - 430."]}
Faculty Mentoring Networks: Community Professional Development for the Digital Age
Creators: name: Rook, Deborah
name: Donovan, Sam
name: Eaton, Carrie
name: Jenkins, Kristin
name: LaMar, Drew
name: Wojdak, Jeremy
name: Chodkowski, Nicole
name: Crisucci, Elia
name: Fagen, Adam
name: Hamerlinck, Gabriela
name: Hamman, Elizabeth
name: Orndorf, Hayley
Publisher: name: QUBES Educational Resources
Year: 2020

description: Poster for Partners@QUBES Leadership Summit 2020 What is an FMN? What is it like to be in one? What are the benefits?
Determinants of early initiation of breastfeeding in rural Tanzania
Creators: name: Exavery, Amon
name: Kante, Almamy Malick
name: Hingora, Ahmed
name: Phillips, James F.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Child development
Health services administration
Breastfeeding--Health aspects
Public health

description: Background
Breastfeeding is widely known for its imperative contribution in improving maternal and newborn health outcomes. However, evidence regarding timing of initiation of breastfeeding is limited in Tanzania. This study examines the extent of and factors associated with early initiation of breastfeeding in three rural districts of Tanzania.

Methods
Data were collected in 2011 in a cross–sectional survey of random households in Rufiji, Kilombero and Ulanga districts of Tanzania. From the survey, 889 women who had given birth within 2 years preceding the survey were analyzed. Both descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were conducted. Associations between the outcome variable and each of the independent variables were tested using chi–square. Logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis.

Results
Early initiation of breastfeeding (i.e. breastfeeding initiation within 1 h of birth) stood at 51 %. The odds of early initiation of breastfeeding was significantly 78 % lower following childbirth by caesarean section than vaginal birth (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.22; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.14, 0.36). However, this was almost twice as high for women who gave birth in health facilities as for those who gave birth at home (OR = 1.75; 95 % CI 1.25, 2.45). Furthermore, maternal knowledge of newborn danger signs was negatively associated with early initiation of breastfeeding (moderate vs. high: OR = 1.73; 95 % CI 1.23, 2.42; low vs. high: OR = 2.06; 95 % CI 1.43, 2.96). The study found also that early initiation of breastfeeding was less likely in Rufiji compared to Kilombero (OR = 0.52; 95 % CI 0.31, 0.89), as well as among ever married than currently married women (OR = 0.46; 95 % CI 0.25, 0.87).

Conclusions
To enhance early initiation of breastfeeding, using health facilities for childbirth must be emphasized and facilitated among women in rural Tanzania. Further, interventions to promote and enforce early initiation of breastfeeding should be devised especially for caesarean births. Women residing in rural locations and women who are not currently married should be specifically targeted with interventions aimed at enhancing early initiation of breastfeeding to ensure healthy outcomes for newborns.
Statistical Mechanical Treatments of Protein Amyloid Formation
Creators: name: Schreck, John S.
name: Yuan, Jian-Min
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Protein aggregation is an important field of investigation because it is closely related to the problem of neurodegenerative diseases, to the development of biomaterials, and to the growth of cellular structures such as cyto-skeleton. Self-aggregation of protein amyloids, for example, is a complicated process involving many species and levels of structures. This complexity, however, can be dealt with using statistical mechanical tools, such as free energies, partition functions, and transfer matrices. In this article, we review general strategies for studying protein aggregation using statistical mechanical approaches and show that canonical and grand canonical ensembles can be used in such approaches. The grand canonical approach is particularly convenient since competing pathways of assembly and dis-assembly can be considered simultaneously. Another advantage of using statistical mechanics is that numerically exact solutions can be obtained for all of the thermodynamic properties of fibrils, such as the amount of fibrils formed, as a function of initial protein concentration. Furthermore, statistical mechanics models can be used to fit experimental data when they are available for comparison.
description: Accepted to IJMS
Time-symmetric quantization in spacetimes with event horizons
Creators: name: Kobakhidze, Archil
name: Rodd, Nicholas L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The standard quantization formalism in spacetimes with event horizons implies a non-unitary evolution of quantum states, as initial pure states may evolve into thermal states. This phenomenon is behind the famous black hole information loss paradox which provoked long-standing debates on the compatibility of quantum mechanics and gravity. In this paper we demonstrate that within an alternative time-symmetric quantization formalism thermal radiation is absent and states evolve unitarily in spacetimes with event horizons. We also discuss the theoretical consistency of the proposed formalism. We explicitly demonstrate that the theory preserves the microcausality condition and suggest a "reinterpretation postulate" to resolve other apparent pathologies associated with negative energy states. Accordingly as there is a consistent alternative, we argue that choosing to use time-asymmetric quantization is a necessary condition for the black hole information loss paradox.
description: 9 pages
VEGAWES: variational segmentation on whole exome sequencing for copy number detection
Creators: name: Anjum, Samreen
name: Morganella, Sandro
name: D’Angelo, Fulvio
name: Iavarone, Antonio
name: Ceccarelli, Michele
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Genomics--Data processing
subject: Genetic transformation
subject: Genetics—Research
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Background
Copy number variations are important in the detection and progression of significant tumors and diseases. Recently, Whole Exome Sequencing is gaining popularity with copy number variations detection due to low cost and better efficiency. In this work, we developed VEGAWES for accurate and robust detection of copy number variations on WES data. VEGAWES is an extension to a variational based segmentation algorithm, VEGA: Variational estimator for genomic aberrations, which has previously outperformed several algorithms on segmenting array comparative genomic hybridization data.

Results
We tested this algorithm on synthetic data and 100 Glioblastoma Multiforme primary tumor samples. The results on the real data were analyzed with segmentation obtained from Single-nucleotide polymorphism data as ground truth. We compared our results with two other segmentation algorithms and assessed the performance based on accuracy and time.

Conclusions
In terms of both accuracy and time, VEGAWES provided better results on the synthetic data and tumor samples demonstrating its potential in robust detection of aberrant regions in the genome.
Measuring health-relevant businesses over 21 years: refining the National Establishment Time-Series (NETS), a dynamic longitudinal data set
Creators: name: Kaufman, Tanya K.
name: Sheehan, Daniel M.
name: Rundle, Andrew G.
name: Neckerman, Kathryn M.
name: Bader, Michael D. M.
name: Jack, Darby W.
name: Lovasi, Gina S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Time-series analysis--Econometric models
Community health services
Stores, Retail
Public health

description: Background
The densities of food retailers, alcohol outlets, physical activity facilities, and medical facilities have been associated with diet, physical activity, and management of medical conditions. Most of the research, however, has relied on cross-sectional studies. In this paper, we assess methodological issues raised by a data source that is increasingly used to characterize change in the local business environment: the National Establishment Time Series (NETS) dataset.

Discussion
Longitudinal data, such as NETS, offer opportunities to assess how differential access to resources impacts population health, to consider correlations among multiple environmental influences across the life course, and to gain a better understanding of their interactions and cumulative health effects. Longitudinal data also introduce new data management, geoprocessing, and business categorization challenges. Examining geocoding accuracy and categorization over 21 years of data in 23 counties surrounding New York City (NY, USA), we find that health-related business environments change considerably over time. We note that re-geocoding data may improve spatial precision, particularly in early years. Our intent with this paper is to make future public health applications of NETS data more efficient, since the size and complexity of the data can be difficult to exploit fully within its 2-year data-licensing period. Further, standardized approaches to NETS and other “big data” will facilitate the veracity and comparability of results across studies.
Tie Strength Distribution in Scientific Collaboration Networks
Creators: name: Ke, Qing
name: Ahn, Yong-Yeol
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Science is increasingly dominated by teams. Understanding patterns of scientific collaboration and their impacts on the productivity and evolution of disciplines is crucial to understand scientific processes. Electronic bibliography offers a unique opportunity to map and investigate the nature of scientific collaboration. Recent work have demonstrated a counter-intuitive organizational pattern of scientific collaboration networks: densely interconnected local clusters consist of weak ties, whereas strong ties play the role of connecting different clusters. This pattern contrasts itself from many other types of networks where strong ties form communities while weak ties connect different communities. Although there are many models for collaboration networks, no model reproduces this pattern. In this paper, we present an evolution model of collaboration networks, which reproduces many properties of real-world collaboration networks, including the organization of tie strengths, skewed degree and weight distribution, high clustering and assortative mixing.
Cavia fulgida Wagler 1831
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Caviidae
Cavia
Cavia fulgida

description: Cavia fulgida Wagler, 1831. Isis, 24:512. TYPE LOCALITY: "Amazonia." DISTRIBUTION: E. Brazil, between Minas Gerais and Santa Catarina. COMMENT: Type locality of “Amazonia” probably an error; see Cabrera, 1961:577. ISIS NUMBER: 5301410019001002001.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Rodentia (Part 6), pp. 560-594 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 573, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353039