cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Investigating an Appropriate Design for Personal Firewalls
Creators: name: Raja, Fahimeh
name: Hawkey, Kirstie
name: Beznosov, Konstantin
name: Booth, Kellogg S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Personal firewall
usable security

description: Personal firewalls are an important aspect of security for home computer users, but little attention has been given to their usability. We conducted semi-structured interviews to understand participants' knowledge, requirements, expectations, and misconceptions for personal firewalls. Analysis of 10 interviews shows that different design decisions (i.e., level of automation, multiple profile settings) are appropriate for users with different levels of security knowledge and experience.
From ballistic to diffusive behavior in periodic potentials
Creators: name: Hairer, Martin
name: Pavliotis, Grigorios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60F17; 74Q20

description: The long-time/large-scale, small-friction asymptotic for the one dimensional Langevin equation with a periodic potential is studied in this paper. It is shown that the Freidlin-Wentzell and central limit theorem (homogenization) limits commute. We prove that, in the combined small friction, long-time/large-scale limit the particle position converges weakly to a Brownian motion with a singular diffusion coefficient which we compute explicitly. We show that the same result is valid for a whole one parameter family of space/time rescalings. The proofs of our main results are based on some novel estimates on the resolvent of a hypoelliptic operator.
Three-dimensional modeling of minority-carrier lateral diffusion length including random alloy fluctuations in (In,Ga)N and (Al,Ga)N single quantum wells
Creators: name: Shen, Huan-Ting
name: Weisbuch, Claude
name: Speck, James S.
name: Wu, Yuh-Renn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For nitride-based InGaN and AlGaN quantum well (QW) LEDs, the potential fluctuations caused by natural alloy disorders limit the lateral intra-QW carrier diffusion length and current spreading. The diffusion length mainly impacts the overall LED efficiency through sidewall nonradiative recombination, especially for $μ$LEDs. In this paper, we study the carrier lateral diffusion length for nitride-based green, blue, and ultraviolet C (UVC) QWs in three dimensions. We solve the Poisson and drift-diffusion equations in the framework of localization landscape theory. The full three-dimensional model includes the effects of random alloy composition fluctuations and electric fields in the QWs. The dependence of the minority carrier diffusion length on the majority carrier density is studied with a full three-dimensional model. The results show that the diffusion length is limited by the potential fluctuations and the recombination rate, the latter being controlled by the polarization-induced electric field in the QWs and by the screening of the internal electric fields by carriers.
description: This paper has been accepted and published in Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 024054, 2021
Il lavoro digitale su piattaforma
Creators: name: Donini, Annamaria
Publisher: name: Dipartimento di Scienze Giuridiche. Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2015
Subjects: digital work; crowdsoucing; users; atypical agreements; labour market; outsourcing

description: Il contributo ha ad oggetto l’attività lavorativa prestata per il tramite delle piattaforme digitali di crowdsourcing.

Il web è oggi vettore di processi produttivi diffusi e parcellizzati tra gli utenti della rete: le imprese scompongono il lavoro e ne attribuiscono la gestione ad una infrastruttura digitale incaricata di affidare le attività a chi tra la folla degli internauti sia interessato ad accettarli, talvolta per il tramite di gare per selezionare l’idea migliore.

Le consuete tecniche di qualificazione contrattuale non sono direttamente applicabili agli schemi del lavoro digitale su piattaforma. Il ricorso alle condizioni generali di contratto per regolare i rapporti tra i tre soggetti coinvolti (committente, piattaforma e prestatore), infatti, mostra l’autonomia di questi schemi rispetto all’apporto regolativo del contratto di lavoro.L’attività lavorativa dei crowdworkers è di fatto regolata da accordi atipici, comprensivi sia delle obbligazioni reciproche tra utente-lavoratore e committente, che dei termini per usufruire della piattaforma.

L’A. si sofferma anche ad analizzare i fenomeni di socializzazione dei processi produttivi, in particolar modo dell’industria culturale, e la peculiare figura di utente-lavoratore che ne emerge, che dispone di sé e del proprio lavoro per il tramite di meccanismi poco trasparenti e governati da clausole contrattuali unilaterali, distanti dalla sinallagmaticità del contratto di lavoro.

Lo squilibrio nei rapporti negoziali ed economici a vantaggio delle piattaforme che caratterizza le esternalizzazioni via web rende opportuno annoverare anche i siti di crowdsourcing (e di gestione dei fenomeni di produzione collettiva) tra gli agenti che intervengono nel mercato del lavoro. Nel contributo si auspica l’individuazione di un background normativo comune per gli operatori del web, suscettibile di integrazione con misure che ri-confermino i tratti tipici del lavoratore, sebbene utente.
description: Labour & Law Issues, Vol 1, No 1 (2015)
In-situ and real time scanning probe microscopy of organic ultra thin films
Creators: name: Chiodini, Stefano <1985>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2015
Subjects: FIS/01 Fisica sperimentale

description: In recent decades, Organic Thin Film Transistors (OTFTs) have attracted lots of interest due to their low cost, large area and flexible properties which have brought
them to be considered the building blocks of the future organic electronics. 
Experimentally, devices based on the same organic material deposited in different ways, i.e. by varying the deposition rate of the molecules, show different electrical performance. As predicted theoretically, this is due to the speed and rate by which charge carriers can be transported by hopping in organic thin films, transport that depends on the molecular arrangement of the molecules.
This strongly suggests a correlation between the morphology of the organic semiconductor and the performance of the OTFT and hence motivated us to carry out an in-situ real time SPM study of organic semiconductor growth as an almost unprecedent experiment with the aim to fully describe the morphological evolution of the ultra-thin film and find the relevant morphological parameters affecting the OTFT electrical response.
For the case of 6T on silicon oxide, we have shown that the growth mechanism is 2D+3D, with a roughening transition at the third layer and a rapid roughening. Relevant morphological parameters have been extracted by the AFM images.
We also developed an original mathematical model to estimate theoretically and more accurately than before, the capacitance of an EFM tip in front of a metallic substrate. 
Finally, we obtained Ultra High Vacuum (UHV) AFM images of 6T at lying molecules layer both on silicon oxide and on top of 6T islands.
Moreover, we performed ex-situ AFM imaging on a bilayer film composed of
pentacene (a p-type semiconductor) and C60 (an n-type semiconductor).
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking as a Basis of Particle Mass
Creators: name: Quigg, Chris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electroweak theory joins electromagnetism with the weak force in a single quantum field theory, ascribing the two fundamental interactions--so different in their manifestations--to a common symmetry principle. How the electroweak gauge symmetry is hidden is one of the most urgent and challenging questions facing particle physics. The provisional answer incorporated in the "standard model" of particle physics was formulated in the 1960s by Higgs, by Brout & Englert, and by Guralnik, Hagen & Kibble: The agent of electroweak symmetry breaking is an elementary scalar field whose self-interactions select a vacuum state in which the full electroweak symmetry is hidden, leaving a residual phase symmetry of electromagnetism. By analogy with the Meissner effect of the superconducting phase transition, the Higgs mechanism, as it is commonly known, confers masses on the weak force carriers W and Z. It also opens the door to masses for the quarks and leptons, and shapes the world around us. It is a good story--though an incomplete story--and we do not know how much of the story is true. Experiments that explore the Fermi scale (the energy regime around 1 TeV) during the next decade will put the electroweak theory to decisive test, and may uncover new elements needed to construct a more satisfying completion of the electroweak theory. The aim of this article is to set the stage by reporting what we know and what we need to know, and to set some "Big Questions" that will guide our explorations.
description: 43 pages, 18 figures, uses IOP macros (included); two typos corrected
Enhanced dynamically assisted pair production in spatial inhomogeneous electric fields with the frequency chirping
Creators: name: Li, Lie-Juan
name: Mohamedsedik, Melike
name: Xie, Bai-Song
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chirped dynamically assisted pair production in spatial inhomogeneous electric fields is studied by the Dirac-Heisenberg-Wigner formalism. The effects of the chirp parameter on the reduced momentum spectrum, the reduced total yield of the created pairs for either low or high frequency one-color field and two-color dynamically assisted combinational fields are investigated in detail. Also, the enhancement factor is obtained in the later two-color field case. It is found that for the low frequency field, no matter whether it is accompanied by the other high frequency field, its chirping has a little effect on the pair production. For the one-color high frequency field or/and two-color fields, the momentum spectrum exhibits incomplete interference and the interference effect becomes more and more remarkable as chirp increases. We also find that in the chirped dynamically assisted field, the reduced total yield is enhanced significantly when the chirps are acting on the two fields, compared with that the chirp is acting only for the low frequency strong field. Specifically, by the chirping, it is found the reduced pair number is increased by more than one order of magnitude in the field with a relative narrow spatial scale, while it is enhanced at least two times in other case of field with larger spatial scales or even in the quasi-homogeneous region. We also obtain some optimal chirp parameters and spatial scales for the total yield and enhancement factor in different scenarios of the studied external field. These results may provide a theoretical basis for possible experiments in the future.
description: 30 pages, 16 figures, 1 Table
Investigating User Account Control Practices
Creators: name: Motiee, Sara
name: Hawkey, Kirstie
name: Beznosov, Konstantin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Usable security, Least privilege, User account control, UACP

description: Non-administrator user accounts and the user account control (UAC) approach of Windows Vista are two practical solutions to limit the damage of malware infection. UAC in Windows Vista supports usage of lower privilege accounts; a UAC prompt allows users to raise their privileges when required. We conducted a user study and contextual interviews to understand the motives and challenges participants face when using different user accounts and the UAC approach. Most participants were not aware of or motivated to employ low-privileged accounts. Moreover, most did not understand or carefully consider the prompts.
Radiative neutron capture cross section on 238U at the n_TOF CERN facility: a high precision measurement
Creators: name: Mingrone, Federica <1987>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2015
Subjects: FIS/01 Fisica sperimentale

description: The aim of this work is to provide a precise and accurate measurement of the 238U(n,gamma) reaction cross-section. This reaction is of fundamental importance for the design calculations of nuclear reactors, governing the behaviour of the reactor core. In particular, fast neutron reactors, which are experiencing a growing interest for their ability to burn radioactive waste, operate in the high energy region of the neutron spectrum. In this energy region inconsistencies between the existing measurements are present up to 15%, and the most recent evaluations disagree each other. In addition, the assessment of nuclear data uncertainty performed for innovative reactor systems shows that the uncertainty in the radiative capture cross-section of 238U should be further reduced to 1-3% in the energy region from 20 eV to 25 keV. To this purpose, addressed by the Nuclear Energy Agency as a priority nuclear data need, complementary experiments, one at the GELINA and two at the n_TOF facility, were scheduled within the ANDES project within the 7th Framework Project of the European Commission. 

The results of one of the 238U(n,gamma) measurement performed at the n_TOF CERN facility are presented in this work, carried out with a detection system constituted of two liquid scintillators. The very accurate cross section from this work is compared with the results obtained from the other measurement performed at the n_TOF facility, which exploit a different and complementary detection technique. The excellent agreement between the two data-sets points out that they can contribute to the reduction of the cross section uncertainty down to the required 1-3%.
Bubbling AdS and droplet descriptions of BPS geometries in IIB supergravity
Creators: name: Chen, Bin
name: Cremonini, Sera
name: Donos, Aristomenis
name: Lin, Feng-Li
name: Lin, Hai
name: Liu, James T.
name: Vaman, Diana
name: Wen, Wen-Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper focuses on supergravity duals of BPS states in N=4 super Yang-Mills. In order to describe these duals, we begin with a sequence of breathing mode reductions of IIB supergravity: first on S^3, then S^3 x S^1, and finally on S^3 x S^1 x CP^1. We then follow with a complete supersymmetry analysis, yielding 1/8, 1/4 and 1/2 BPS configurations, respectively (where in the last step we take the Hopf fibration of S^3). The 1/8 BPS geometries, which have an S^3 isometry and are time-fibered over a six-dimensional base, are determined by solving a non-linear equation for the Kahler metric on the base. Similarly, the 1/4 BPS configurations have an S^3 x S^1 isometry and a four-dimensional base, whose Kahler metric obeys another non-linear, Monge-Ampere type equation. Despite the non-linearity of the problem, we develop a universal bubbling AdS description of these geometries by focusing on the boundary conditions which ensure their regularity. In the 1/8 BPS case, we find that the S^3 cycle shrinks to zero size on a five-dimensional locus inside the six-dimensional base. Enforcing regularity of the full solution requires that the interior of a smooth, generally disconnected five-dimensional surface be removed from the base. The AdS_5 x S^5 ground state corresponds to excising the interior of an S^5, while the 1/8 BPS excitations correspond to deformations (including topology change) of the S^5 and/or the excision of additional droplets from the base. In the case of 1/4 BPS configurations, by enforcing regularity conditions, we identify three-dimensional surfaces inside the four-dimensional base which separate the regions where the S^3 shrinks to zero size from those where the S^1 shrinks.
description: 94 pages, 6 figures, latex, typos corrected, references added, one new Appendix
Critical velocity for superfluid flow across the BEC-BCS crossover
Creators: name: Miller, D. E.
name: Chin, J. K.
name: Stan, C. A.
name: Liu, Y.
name: Setiawan, W.
name: Sanner, C.
name: Ketterle, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Critical velocities have been observed in an ultracold superfluid Fermi gas throughout the BEC-BCS crossover. A pronounced peak of the critical velocity at unitarity demonstrates that superfluidity is most robust for resonant atomic interactions. Critical velocities were determined from the abrupt onset of dissipation when the velocity of a moving one dimensional optical lattice was varied. The dependence of the critical velocity on lattice depth and on the inhomogeneous density profile was studied.
Zero-energy states and fragmentation of spin in the easy-plane antiferromagnet on a honeycomb lattice
Creators: name: Herbut, Igor F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The core of the vortex in the Neel order parameter for an easy-plane antiferromagnet on honeycomb lattice is demonstrated to bind two zero-energy states. Remarkably, a single electron occupying this mid-gap band has its spin fragmented between the two sublattices: Whereas it yields a vanishing total magnetization it shows a finite Neel order, orthogonal to the one of the assumed background. The requisite easy-plane anisotropy may be introduced by a magnetic field parallel to the graphene layer, for example. The results are relevant for spin-1/2 fermions on graphene's or optical honeycomb lattice, in the strongly interacting regime.
description: 4 pages; cosmetic changes; published version
Detection of the Mass-Dependent Dual-Type Transition of Galaxy Spins in IllustrisTNG Simulations
Creators: name: Lee, Jounghun
name: Moon, Jun-Sung
name: Ryu, Suho
name: Yoon, Suk-Jin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A numerical detection of the mass-dependent spin transition of the galaxies is presented. Analyzing a sample of the galaxies with stellar masses in the range of $10^{9}< (M_{\star}/M_{\odot})\le 10^{11}$ from the IllustrisTNG300-1 simulations, we explore the alignment tendency between the galaxy baryon spins and the three eigenvectors of the linearly reconstructed tidal field as a function of $M_{\star}$ and its evolution in the redshift range of $0\le z \le 1.5$. Detecting a significant signal of the occurrence of the mass-dependent transition of the galaxy spins, we show that the centrals differ from the satellites in their spin transition type. As $M_{\star}$ increases beyond a certain threshold mass, the preferred directions of the central galaxy spins transit from the minor to the intermediate tidal eigenvectors (type two) at $z=0.5$ and $1$, while those of the satellites transit from the minor to the major tidal eigenvectors (type one) at $z=1$ and $1.5$. It is also shown that the mass range and type of the spin transition depend on the galaxy morphology, degree of the alignments between the baryon and total spin vectors as well as on the environmental density. Meanwhile, the stellar spins of the galaxies are found to yield a weak signal of the T1 transitions at $z=0$, whose strength and trend depend on the degree of the alignments between the stellar and baryon spins. The possible mechanisms responsible for the T1 and T2 spin transitions are discussed.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ, 16 figures, 5 tables, improved analysis, focus switched to the baryon spins
Active region contributions to the solar wind over multiple solar cycles
Creators: name: Stansby, D.
name: Green, L. M.
name: van Driel-Gesztelyi, L.
name: Horbury, T. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Both coronal holes and active regions are source regions of the solar wind. The distribution of these coronal structures across both space and time is well known, but it is unclear how much each source contributes to the solar wind. In this study we use photospheric magnetic field maps observed over the past four solar cycles to estimate what fraction of magnetic open solar flux is rooted in active regions, a proxy for the fraction of all solar wind originating in active regions. We find that the fractional contribution of active regions to the solar wind varies between 30% to 80% at any one time during solar maximum and is negligible at solar minimum, showing a strong correlation with sunspot number. While active regions are typically confined to latitudes $\pm$30$^{\circ}$ in the corona, the solar wind they produce can reach latitudes up to $\pm$60$^{\circ}$. Their fractional contribution to the solar wind also correlates with coronal mass ejection rate, and is highly variable, changing by $\pm$20% on monthly timescales within individual solar maxima. We speculate that these variations could be driven by coronal mass ejections causing reconfigurations of the coronal magnetic field on sub-monthly timescales.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures. Published in Solar Physics
Consistent explanation for the cosmic-ray positron excess in p-wave Sommerfeld-enhanced dark matter annihilation
Creators: name: Ding, Yu-Chen
name: Ku, Yu-Lin
name: Wei, Chun-Cheng
name: Zhou, Yu-Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sommerfeld-enhanced dark matter (DM) annihilation through $s$-wave has been widely considered as a consistent explanation for both the observed cosmic-ray (CR) positron excess and the DM thermal relic density. However, as the $s$-wave Sommerfeld-enhanced annihilation cross section increases monotonically with decreasing DM velocity, severe constraints appear from the data of gamma rays from dwarf spheroidal satellite galaxies (dSphs) and the cosmic microwave background (CMB), as the relevant typical DM velocities are even lower than that in the Galactic halo. In this work, we consider Sommerfeld-enhanced $p$-wave DM annihilation where the DM annihilation cross section can be enhanced at certain velocities but eventually be highly suppressed when the DM velocities become extremely low. We calculate the velocity-dependent astrophysics factors ($J$-factors) for the Sommerfeld-enhanced $p$-wave DM annihilation for fifteen nearby dSphs. Taking the channel of DM annihilating into $4μ$ through two light mediators as an example, we show that there are parameter regions where this mechanism can account for the CR positron excess and the DM relic density, while being compatible with the constraints from dSphs gamma rays measured by Fermi-LAT and that from the CMB measured by PLANCK.
description: 33 pages, 9 figures, discussions on bound-state formation added, version to appear in JCAP
Enhancement of the double Higgs production via leptoquarks at the LHC
Creators: name: Da Rold, Leandro
name: Epele, Manuel
name: Medina, Anibal
name: Mileo, Nicolás I.
name: Szynkman, Alejandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurements of single Higgs production and its decays are in good agreement with the Standard Model. There is still room for large modifications in double Higgs production at LHC, though these effects may be correlated with large corrections to other observables, in particular single Higgs production. In this work we address the issue of enhancing double Higgs production in the presence of scalar leptoquarks while satisfying all experimental constraints. We show at leading order that including more than one species of leptoquarks, large cubic interactions with the Higgs can lead to sizable enhancement of di-Higgs production cross section at LHC, while at the same time keeping other Higgs observables and precision measurements under control. For masses above 800 GeV these corrections are in general below 30%, whereas in a viable scenario in which one of the leptoquarks can be light, specifically in the mass range $400-600$ GeV, we show that it is possible to roughly double the SM cross section for di-Higgs production, implying that possible first hints of it may be probed at the high luminosity LHC at $\mathcal{L}\sim 2$ ab$^{-1}$.
description: 40 pages, 15 figures: added references
Cognitive simulation models for inertial confinement fusion: Combining simulation and experimental data
Creators: name: Humbird, K. D.
name: Peterson, J. L.
name: Salmonson, J.
name: Spears, B. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The design space for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments is vast and experiments are extremely expensive. Researchers rely heavily on computer simulations to explore the design space in search of high-performing implosions. However, ICF multiphysics codes must make simplifying assumptions, and thus deviate from experimental measurements for complex implosions. For more effective design and investigation, simulations require input from past experimental data to better predict future performance. In this work, we describe a cognitive simulation method for combining simulation and experimental data into a common, predictive model. This method leverages a machine learning technique called transfer learning, the process of taking a model trained to solve one task, and partially retraining it on a sparse dataset to solve a different, but related task. In the context of ICF design, neural network models trained on large simulation databases and partially retrained on experimental data, producing models that are far more accurate than simulations alone. We demonstrate improved model performance for a range of ICF experiments at the National Ignition Facility, and predict the outcome of recent experiments with less than ten percent error for several key observables. We discuss how the methods might be used to carry out a data-driven experimental campaign to optimize performance, illustrating the key product -- models that become increasingly accurate as data is acquired.
Swift observations of GRB 060614: an anomalous burst with a well behaved afterglow
Creators: name: Mangano, V.
name: Holland, S. T.
name: Malesani, D.
name: Troja, E.
name: Chincarini, G.
name: Zhang, B.
name: La Parola, V.
name: Brown, P. J.
name: Burrows, D. N.
name: Campana, S.
name: Capalbi, M.
name: Cusumano, G.
name: Della Valle, M.
name: Gehrels, N.
name: Giommi, P.
name: Grupe, D.
name: Guidorzi, C.
name: Mineo, T.
name: Moretti, A.
name: Osborne, J. P.
name: Pandey, S. B.
name: Perri, M.
name: Romano, P.
name: Roming, P. W. A.
name: Tagliaferri, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: GRB 060614 is a remarkable GRB observed by Swift with puzzling properties, which challenge current progenitor models. The lack of any bright SN down to very strict limits and the vanishing spectral lags are typical of short GRBs, strikingly at odds with the long (102s) duration of this event. Here we present spectral and temporal analysis of the Swift observations. We show that the burst presents standard optical, UV and X-ray afterglows. An achromatic break is observed simultaneously in optical and X-rays, at a time consistent with the break in the R-band light curve measured by the VLT. The achromatic behaviour and the consistent post-break decay slopes make GRB 060614 one of the best examples of a jet break for a Swift burst. The optical, UV and X-rays afterglow light curves have also an earlier break at ~30 ks. In the optical, there is strong spectral evolution around this break, suggesting the passage of a break frequency through the optical/UV band. The very blue spectrum at early times and the trend in the light curves (rising at low frequencies, and decaying at higher energies) suggest this may be the injection frequency. The early X-ray light curve is well interpreted as the X-ray counterpart of the burst extended emission. Spectral analysis of BAT/XRT data in the 80s overlap time show that the Ep of the burst has decreased to as low as 8keV at the beginning of the XRT observation. The Ep continues to decrease through the XRT energy band and exits it at about 500s after the trigger. The average Ep of the burst is likely < 24 keV but larger than 8 keV. The initial peak observed by BAT is however distinctly harder than the rest with Ep ~300 keV as measured by Konus Wind. Considering the time-averaged spectral properties, GRB 060614 is consistent with the Eiso-Ep_rest, Egamma-Ep_rest, and Liso-Ep correlations.
description: 20 pages, 9 figures, 8 tables. Abstract shortened for posting on astro-ph. Accepted for publication by A&A
Manure as a Natural Resource: Alternative Management Opportunities
Creators: name: Miller, Jarrod
name: Moyle, Jon
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2014
Subjects: Manure
Biochar
Anaerobic
Gasification
Pyrolysis
Compost

description: Manure, as a source of organic matter and plant nutrients, is an excellent conditioner for soils. As fertilizer in agronomic systems, manure can cycle nutrients between soils, plants and livestock. However, in areas where livestock become concentrated and limited land is available for application, excess nutrients can lead to water quality issues. If manure application is to be locally restricted, alternative uses must be found. These uses can be simple, such as transporting to nutrient poor regions, or require more complex infrastructure, such as energy production or nutrient extraction.
Squashed entanglement for multipartite states and entanglement measures based on the mixed convex roof
Creators: name: Yang, Dong
name: Horodecki, Karol
name: Horodecki, Michal
name: Horodecki, Pawel
name: Oppenheim, Jonathan
name: Song, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New measures of multipartite entanglement are constructed based on two definitions of multipartite information and different methods of optimizing over extensions of the states. One is a generalization of the squashed entanglement where one takes the mutual information of parties conditioned on the state's extension and takes the infimum over such extensions. Additivity of the multipartite squashed entanglement is proved for both versions of the multipartite information which turn out to be related. The second one is based on taking classical extensions. This scheme is generalized, which enables to construct measures of entanglement based on the {\it mixed convex roof} of a quantity, which in contrast to the standard convex roof method involves optimization over all decompositions of a density matrix rather than just the decompositions into pure states. As one of the possible applications of these results we prove that any multipartite monotone is an upper bound on the amount of multipartite distillable key. The findings are finally related to analogous results in classical key agreement.
description: improved version, 13 pages, 1 figure
Exchange induced charge inhomogeneities in rippled neutral graphene
Creators: name: Brey, L.
name: Palacios, J. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new mechanism that induces charge density variations in corrugated graphene is proposed. Here it is shown how the interplay between lattice deformations and exchange interactions can induce charge separation, i.e., puddles of electrons and holes, for realistic deformation values of the graphene sheet. The induced charge density lies in the range of $10^{11}-10^{12}$ cm$^{-2}$, which is compatible with recent measurements.
description: 4 pages, two figures included
More supersymmetric Wilson loops
Creators: name: Drukker, Nadav
name: Giombi, Simone
name: Ricci, Riccardo
name: Trancanelli, Diego
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a large new family of Wilson loop operators in N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. For an arbitrary curve on the three dimensional sphere one can add certain scalar couplings to the Wilson loop so it preserves at least two supercharges. Some previously known loops, notably the 1/2 BPS circle, belong to this class, but we point out many more special cases which were not known before and could provide further tests of the AdS/CFT correspondence.
description: 9 pages, LaTeX
Reconsidering Power Functional Theory
Creators: name: Lutsko, James F.
name: Oettel, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The original derivation of Power Functional Theory, Schmidt and Brader, JCP 138, 214101 (2013), is reworked in some detail with a view to clarifying and simplifying the logic and making explicit the various functional dependencies. We note various issues with the original development and suggest a modification that allows us to avoid them. In the process we also suggest an alternative interpretation of our results that bears surprising similarities to classical Density Functional Theory.
description: Second author added; completely rewritten
Manufacturing a thin wire electrostatic trap (TWIST) for ultracold polar molecules
Creators: name: Kleinert, J.
name: Haimberger, C.
name: Zabawa, P. J.
name: Bigelow, N. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed description on how to build a Thin WIre electroStatic Trap (TWIST) for ultracold polar molecules. It is the first design of an electrostatic trap that can be superimposed directly onto a magneto optical trap (MOT). We can thus continuously produce ultracold polar molecules via photoassociation from a two species MOT and instantaneously trap them in the TWIST without the need for complex transfer schemes. Despite the spatial overlap of the TWIST and the MOT, the two traps can be operated and optimized completely independently due to the complementary nature of the utilized trapping mechanisms.
description: 5 pages, 8 figures, updated content
Fast coherent control of an NV- spin ensemble using a KTaO3 dielectric resonator at cryogenic temperatures
Creators: name: Vallabhapurapu, Hyma H.
name: Slack-Smith, James P.
name: Sewani, Vikas K.
name: Adambukulam, Chris
name: Morello, Andrea
name: Pla, Jarryd J.
name: Laucht, Arne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Microwave delivery to samples in a cryogenic environment can pose experimental challenges such as restricting optical access, space constraints and heat generation. Moreover, existing solutions that overcome various experimental restrictions do not necessarily provide a large, homogeneous oscillating magnetic field over macroscopic lengthscales, which is required for control of spin ensembles or fast gate operations in scaled-up quantum computing implementations. Here we show fast and coherent control of a negatively charged nitrogen vacancy spin ensemble by taking advantage of the high permittivity of a KTaO3 dielectric resonator at cryogenic temperatures. We achieve Rabi frequencies of up to 48 MHz, with the total field-to-power conversion ratio $C_{\rm P} = $ 9.66 mT/$\sqrt{\rm W}$ ($\approx191$ MHz/$\sqrt{\rm W}$). We use the nitrogen vacancy center spin ensemble to probe the quality factor, the coherent enhancement, and the spatial distribution of the magnetic field inside the diamond sample. The key advantages of the dielectric resonator utilised in this work are: ease of assembly, in-situ tuneability, a high magnetic field conversion efficiency, a low volume footprint, and optical transparency. This makes KTaO3 dielectric resonators a promising platform for the delivery of microwave fields for the control of spins in various materials at cryogenic temperatures.
Molecular contrails -- triggered contraction by passages of massive objects through molecular clouds
Creators: name: Li, Guang-Xing
name: Shi, Xun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effects of passages of compact objects such as stars, star clusters, and black holes through molecular clouds, and propose that the gravitational interaction between the compact object and the ambient gas can lead to the formation of thin and collimated features made of dense gas, which we call "molecular contrails". Supercritical contrails can collapse further leading to triggered star formation. The width of a molecular contrail is determined by the mass and velocity of the compact object and the velocity dispersion of the ambient molecular medium. Under typical conditions in the Milky Way, passages of stellar-mass objects lead to the formation of width $d\gtrsim 0.01\;\rm {parsec}$ contrails, and passages of star clusters lead to the formation of $d\gtrsim 1\;\rm {parsec}$ contrails. We present a few molecular contrail candidates from both categories identified from ALMA 1.3mm continuum observations of star-forming regions and the $^{13}$CO(1-0) map from the Galactic Ring Survey respectively. The contrails represent an overlooked channel where stars and gas in the Galactic disk interact to for structures. They also present a potential way of detecting dark compact objects in the Milky Way.
description: Accepted for publications by the MNRAS
Τοπικές ασθενείς τάξεις σταυρωτού γινομένου:
Creators: name: Τομπουλίδου, Αναστασία Γ.
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2014
Subjects: Ασθενές σταυρωτό γινόμενο
Τάξη
Ριζικό του Jacobson
Συνομολογική ομάδα
Kληρονομική τάξη
Μέγιστη τάξη
Διαχωρισιμότητα
Weak crossed product
Order
Jacobson Radical
Cohomology group
Hereditary order
Maximal order
Separability

description: Σκοπός της διατριβής ήταν η μελέτη των τάξεων ασθενών σταυρωτών γινομένων. Αρχικά γενικεύσαμε συμπεράσματα της συνομολογικής θεωρίας πεπερασμένων ομάδων στη νέα συνομολογική θεωρία που εισήγαγαν το 1982 οι Haile, Larson και Sweedler προκειμένου να βρεθούν ιδιότητες του συνκύκλου που ορίζει την υπό μελέτη τάξη. Στη συνέχεια υπολογίσαμε το ριζικό του Jacobson μίας τοπικής τάξης ασθενούς σταυρωτού γινομένου. Το συμπέρασμα αυτό αναφέρεται σε τυχαία πεπερασμενη επέκταση του Galois και γενικεύει συμπεράσματα των Haile (1987), Wilson (2011), Theohari-Apostolidi (1986) και Chalatsis and Theohari-Apostolidi (1988). Ακόμη εξετάσαμε τις αναπαραστάσεις τις τάξης αυτής που ορίζουν τις μέγιστες τάξεις που την περιέχουν. Ασχοληθήκαμε επιπλέον με τις τάξεις ασθενών σταυρωτών γινομένων που δεν ορίζονται απαραίτητα από μία επέκταση του Galois και επιλύσαμε προβλήματα που αναφέρονται στο κέντρο αυτής της τάξης. Τέλος δώσαμε συνθήκες ώστε η τάξη αυτή να είναι βαθμωτή μέγιστη, βαθμωτή κληρονομική, κληρονομική, μέγιστη και διαχωρίσιμη γενικεύοντας συμπεράσματα της Nauwelaerts (1998) και Van Oystaeyen (1999) που αναφέρονται σε τάξεις ασθενών σταυρωτών γινομένων όπου δεν υπάρχει δράση της ομάδας, δηλ. τάξεις γενικευμένων δακτυλίων ομάδων με στρέψη, όπως τις ονόμασαν.
description: The aim of the present thesis was the study of weak crossed product orders. Firstly we generalized results of cohomology theory of finite groups in the new cohomology theory introduced in 1982 by Haile, Larson and Sweedler to find properties of the cocycle defining the order under study. Then we calculated the Jacobson radical of a local weak crossed product order. This result refers to random finite Galois extension and generalizes conclusions of Haile (1987), Wilson (2011), Theohari-Apostolidi (1986) and Chalatsis and Theohari-Apostolidi (1988). We also examined the representations of this order defining the maximal orders containing it. Furthermore We dealt with weak crossed products not necessarily defined by an extension of Galois and we solved problems about the center of this order. Finally we gave conditions for this order to be graded maximal, graded hereditary, hereditary, maximal and separable generalizing results of Nauwelaerts (1998) and Van Oystaeyen (1999) referred to orders of weak crossed products where there is no group action, i.e. orders of generalized twisted group rings as they named them.
Muon $(g-2)$ and XENON1T Excess with Boosted Dark Matter in $L_μ-L_τ$ Model
Creators: name: Borah, Debasish
name: Dutta, Manoranjan
name: Mahapatra, Satyabrata
name: Sahu, Narendra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the growing evidence for lepton flavour universality violation after the first results from Fermilab's muon $(g-2)$ measurement, we revisit one of the most widely studied anomaly free extensions of the standard model namely, gauged $L_μ-L_τ$ model, known to be providing a natural explanation for muon $(g-2)$. We also incorporate the presence of dark matter (DM) in this model in order to explain the recently reported electron recoil excess by the XENON1T collaboration. We show that the same neutral gauge boson responsible for generating the required muon $(g-2)$ can also mediate interactions between electron and dark fermions boosted by dark matter annihilation. The required DM annihilation rate into dark fermion require a hybrid setup of thermal and non-thermal mechanisms to generate DM relic density. The tightly constrained parameter space from all requirements remain sensitive to ongoing and near future experiments, keeping the scenario very predictive.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, References Added, Accepted for publication in Phys. Lett. B
ВИЧ ИФИЦИРОВАНИЕ У ДЕТЕЙ: СОЦИАЛЬНЫЕ И ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ
Creators: name: Камолова, Ортикой
name: Алимова, Ирода
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: В современном мире число людей с вирусом иммунодефицита человека растёт, и «в зоне поражения» оказывается всё больше число беременных женщин и новорождённых. ВИЧ-положительные женщины и их дети сталкиваются с дискриминацией в системе здравоохранения. Они нередко становятся изгоями в обществе, которое стремится отгородиться от ВИЧ-инфицированных людей. В Республике Узбекистан, государство берёт на себя обязательство в отношении охраны своих граждан, материнства и детства, независимо от каких-либо их заболеваний, в частности ВИЧ-статуса.
DE-BIAS: Vocabolario – Italiano
Creators: name: DE-BIAS Project consortium
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: De-biasing
subject: Decolonisation
subject: Vocabulary
subject: Language/history
subject: Gender Identity
subject: Gender Equity
subject: Ethnic and Racial Minorities

description: This vocabulary was developed as part of the EU-funded project DE-BIAS - Detecting and cur(at)ing harmful language in cultural heritage collections (2023/2024) and is used by the DE-BIAS tool for detecting bias in metadata. It consists of contentious terms in Italian language accompanied by contextual descriptions, suggestions for reflection and alternative wording, and the reference to the sources. Focusing primarily on migration and colonial history, gender and sexual identity, and ethnicity and ethno-religious identity, it was developed with community input and extensive research. 

The project has also created vocabularies for English, Dutch, German and French.
DE-BIAS: Vocabulario – Italiano
Creators: name: DE-BIAS Project consortium
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: De-biasing
subject: Decolonisation
subject: Vocabulary
subject: Language/history
subject: Gender Identity
subject: Gender Equity
subject: Ethnic and Racial Minorities

description: This vocabulary was developed as part of the EU-funded project DE-BIAS - Detecting and cur(at)ing harmful language in cultural heritage collections (2023/2024) and is used by the DE-BIAS tool for detecting bias in metadata. It consists of contentious terms in Italian language accompanied by contextual descriptions, suggestions for reflection and alternative wording, and the reference to the sources. Focusing primarily on migration and colonial history, gender and sexual identity, and ethnicity and ethno-religious identity, it was developed with community input and extensive research. 

The project has also created vocabularies for English, Dutch, German and French.
Open problems in Web 2.0 user content sharing
Creators: name: Sun, San-Tsai
name: Beznosov, Konstantin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Web 2.0 controlled sharing
issnet

description: Users need useful mechanisms for sharing their Web 2.0 content with each other in a controlled manner across boundaries of content-hosting and service providers (CSPs). In this paper, we discuss open problems and research opportunities in the domain of Web 2.0 content sharing among users. We explore issues in the categories of user needs, current sharing solutions provided by CSPs, and distributed access-control related technologies. For each open problem, we discuss existing and potential solutions, and point out areas for future work.
The Habitat Segregation between Lyman Break Galaxies and Lyman alpha Emitters around a QSO at z~5
Creators: name: Kashikawa, Nobunari
name: Kitayama, Tetsu
name: Doi, Mamoru
name: Misawa, Toru
name: Komiyama, Yutaka
name: Ota, Kazuaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We carried out a target survey for Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) and Lyman alpha emitters (LAEs) around QSO SDSS J0211-0009 at z=4.87. The deep and wide broadband and narrowband imaging simultaneously revealed the perspective structure of these two high-z populations. The LBGs without Ly-alpha emission form a filamentary structure including the QSO, while the LAEs are distributed around the QSO but avoid it within a distance of ~4.5Mpc. On the other hand, we serendipitously discovered a protocluster with a significant concentration of LBGs and LAEs where no strongly UV ionizing source such as a QSO or radio galaxy is known to exist. In this cluster field, two populations are spatially cross-correlated with each other. The relative spatial distribution of LAEs to LBGs is in stark contrast between the QSO and the cluster fields. We also found a weak trend showing that the number counts based on Ly-alpha and UV continuum fluxes of LAEs in the QSO field are slightly lower than in the cluster field, whereas the number counts of LBGs are almost consistent with each other. The LAEs avoid the nearby region around the QSO where the local UV background radiation could be ~100 times stronger than the average for the epoch. The clustering segregation between LBGs and LAEs seen in the QSO field could be due to either enhanced early galaxy formation in an overdense environment having caused all the LAEs to evolve into LBGs, or local photoionization due to the strong UV radiation from the QSO effectively causing a deficit in low-mass galaxies like LAEs.
description: Accepted for publication in APJ. Version with high resolution figures available at http://zone.mtk.nao.ac.jp/~kashik/z5qso/z5qso_full.pdf