Trepobates Uhler
Creators: name: Konopko, Susana Amanda
name: Mazzucconi, Silvia Ana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Gerridae
Trepobates

description: Trepobates Uhler
Egg. EL: 0.86–1.10 mm. EW: 0.23–0.35 mm. Elongate oval shape, EL/EW: 3.00–4.00. Rounded at both ends; anterior and posterior ends similar in shape (Fig. 1) or posterior end slightly more (Kittle 1985: Fig. 1) or less pointed than anterior end. Chorionic surface with an irregular reticulation.
First nymph
Marking pattern. Ground colour pale with dark markings. Head dark dorsally with ecdysial line pale (Fig. 2). Rostrum with apical segment darker. Prothorax pale with one subrectangular dark marking on each side of the notum reaching the anterior margin (Fig. 2). Mesothorax pale with one subovate dark marking on each side of the notum (Fig. 2), and an elongate dark marking lateroventrally on anterior margin (Figs. 3–4); acetabula dark (Figs. 3–4). Metathorax pale with a dark marking on each side of the notum (Fig. 2); acetabula dark (Figs. 2–3). Abdomen pale with a dark marking on each side of each tergite; intersegmental boundaries next to the markings, darker (Figs. 2–3).
Body. Elongate. BL: 0.68–1.14 mm. BW: 0.36–0.55 mm.
Head. HW: 0.30–0.37 mm; Y-shaped ecdysial line clearly distinct, with long stem (Fig. 2). Eyes with inner margins convexly rounded (Fig. 2). Antennae: Segment IV longest and I longer than II and III. Length: I, 0.09–0.15 mm; II, 0.06–0.09 mm; III, 0.05–0.11 mm; IV, 0.16–0.22 mm; I+II+III+IV: 0.40–0.53 mm.
Thorax. Pronotum subrectangular, short, slightly expanded on the mesonotum (Fig. 2). Mesonotum long, clearly longer than pro- and metanotum; lateral margins convex (Fig. 2). Metanotum short (Fig. 2). Fore legs: femur and tibia similar in length, longer than tarsus. Length: Fe, 0.20–0.24 mm; Ti, 0.18–0.23 mm; Ta, 0.11–0.15 mm. Middle legs: tibia longest and femur shorter than tarsus. Length: Fe, 0.39–0.54 mm; Ti, 0.65–0.84 mm; Ta, 0.43–0.65 mm. Hind legs: femur longest and tarsus shorter than tibia. Length: Fe, 0.37–0.52 mm; Ti, 0.32–0.40 mm; Ta, 0.25–0.32 mm.
Abdomen. Sexes not distinguishable. Sternite VIII without medial impression; sternite IX indistinct (Fig. 4).
Second nymph
Similar to first nymph except for the following features:
Marking pattern. Ground colour pale with paler and dark markings. Head dark dorsally with an Y-shaped pale marking (Fig. 6), or pale with a medial dark marking extending forward, variable in shape: subsquare (Pearson 1979: Fig. 2 b), subtriangular (Kittle 1985: Fig. 3) or anchor-shaped (Matsuda 1962: Pt. 1, Fig. 2) with a notch at the posterior end, or bilobed (Kittle & McCraw 1981: Fig. 3). Pronotum: dark markings with a closed (Fig. 6) or open (Kittle 1985: Fig. 3) pale area reaching the posterior side of each marking. Mesonotum: subovate dark markings surrounded by a pale area and with a pale marking variable in shape and position: subtriangular, on the anterior half (Fig. 6) or all along the dark marking (Pearson 1979: Fig. 2 b); subrounded, central (Kittle & McCraw 1981: Fig. 3); subovate, central (Kittle 1985: Fig. 3); or elongate, posteriorly open (Matsuda 1962: Pt. 2, Fig. 2).
Body. BL: 1.00– 1.53 mm. BW: 0.62–0.75 mm.
Head. HW: 0.40–0.50 mm; Y-shaped ecdysial line slightly distinct, with short stem (Fig. 6) or indistinct (Kittle & McCraw 1981: Fig. 3). Antennae: length: I, 0.14–0.22 mm; II, 0.08–0.13 mm; III, 0.07–0.15 mm; IV, 0.21–0.28 mm; I+II+III+IV: 0.53–0.70 mm.
Thorax. Fore legs length: Fe, 0.27–0.33 mm; Ti, 0.20–0.32 mm; Ta, 0.13–0.17 mm. Middle legs length: Fe, 0.55–0.70 mm; Ti, 0.86–1.14 mm; Ta, 0.63–0.82 mm. Hind legs length: Fe, 0.55–0.77 mm; Ti, 0.36–0.52 mm; Ta, 0.30–0.38 mm.
Third nymph
Similar to second nymph except for the following features:
Marking pattern. Head pale dorsally with the following dark markings: posterior margin (Fig. 7); internal margin of the eyes (Fig. 7); 1 (Kittle 1985: Fig. 4) or 2 (Fig. 7) small markings on each side; medial dark marking extending forward, variable in shape: W-shaped (Hoffman 1924), anchor-shaped with a notch at the posterior end (Matsuda 1962: Pt. 2, Fig. 3), bilobed (Fig. 7) or rectangular (Kittle & McCraw 1981: Fig. 4). Mesonotum: pale markings of dark markings variable in shape and position: one subovate on the anterior two thirds, and one transversal on the posterior third (Fig. 7); subovate, central (Kittle & McCraw 1981: Fig. 4) or all along the dark marking (Bobb 1974: Fig. 11 b); or elongate, laterally (Bobb 1974: Fig. 11 d) or posteriorly open (Pearson 1979: Fig. 2 c). Abdomen: dark markings connected or not with each other on each tergite (Fig. 7).
Body. BL: 1.72–2.23 mm. BW: 0.90–1.07 mm.
Head. HW: 0.58–0.63 mm. Antennae: segment IV longest and I longer than II and III; segment IV sometimes as long as I. Length: I, 0.22–0.31 mm; II, 0.12–0.18 mm; III, 0.08–0.24 mm; IV, 0.25–0.36 mm; I+II+III+IV: 0.74– 1.09 mm.
Thorax. Fore legs: femur longest and tarsus shorter than tibia; femur sometimes as long as tibia. Length: Fe, 0.41–0.48 mm; Ti, 0.32–0.43 mm; Ta, 0.15–0.22 mm. Middle legs: femur shorter or as long as tarsus. Length: Fe, 0.73–1.00 mm; Ti, 1.15–1.80 mm; Ta, 0.82–1.22 mm. Hind legs length: Fe, 0.80–1.12 mm; Ti, 0.40–0.76 mm; Ta, 0.36–0.56 mm.
Fourth nymph
Similar to third nymph except for the following features:
Marking pattern. Head dorsal dark markings: present (Fig. 8) or absent (Kittle 1985: Fig. 5) on internal margin of the eyes; medial dark marking extending forward, variable in shape: anchor-shaped with (Matsuda 1962: Pt. 2, Fig. 4) or without (Pearson 1979: Fig. 2 d) a notch at the posterior end, bilobed (Fig. 8) or rectangular (Kittle 1985: Fig. 5). Pronotum: pale area of the dark markings open, reaching the posterior side of each marking (Fig. 8).
Body. BL: 1.75–2.97 mm. BW: 0.85–1.32 mm.
Head. HW: 0.69–0.78 mm. Antennae: segments IV and I longer than II and III; segment IV sometimes as long as or longer than I. Length: I, 0.34–0.52 mm; II, 0.20–0.32 mm; III, 0.11–0.40 mm; IV, 0.35–0.52 mm; I+II+III+IV: 1.07–1.76 mm.
Thorax. Fore legs: femur longest and tarsus shorter than tibia. Length: Fe, 0.58–0.70 mm; Ti, 0.46–0.58 mm; Ta, 0.25–0.32 mm. Middle legs length: Fe, 0.97–1.49 mm; Ti, 1.57–2.71 mm; Ta, 1.08–1.74 mm. Hind legs length: Fe, 1.12–1.85 mm; Ti, 0.43–1.10 mm; Ta, 0.46–0.78 mm.
Abdomen. Sexes distinguishable. Sternite VIII: 3, not subcylindrical, without a medial impression, and posterior margin not notched medially (Fig. 9); Ƥ, with a longitudinal medial impression slightly distinct, and posterior margin sligthly notched medially (Fig. 10). Sternite IX: 3, clearly distinct (Fig. 9); Ƥ, slightly distinct (Fig. 10).
Fifth nymph
Similar to fourth nymph except for the following features:
Marking pattern. Head dorsal dark markings: laterally on posterior margin (Fig. 11); medial dark marking extending forward, variable in shape: anchor-shaped (Pearson 1979: Fig. 2 e) or bilobed (Fig. 11). Mesonotum: pale markings of dark markings variable in shape and position: subovate, central (Kittle & McCraw 1981: Fig. 6) or all along the dark marking (Kittle 1985: Fig. 6); elongate, laterally (Kittle & McCraw 1981) or posteriorly open (Fig. 11).
Body. BL: 2.40–4.16 mm. BW: 1.15–1.98 mm.
Head. HW: 0.85–0.93 mm. Antennae: segment I longest and II shortest; IV longer than III; IV sometimes as long as I and III. Length: I, 0.45–1.06 mm; II, 0.30–0.48 mm; III, 0.27–0.61 mm; IV, 0.45–0.59 mm; I+II+III+IV: 1.62–2.74 mm.
Thorax. Fore legs length: Fe, 0.70–1.02 mm; Ti, 0.55–0.84 mm; Ta, 0.30–0.47 mm. Middle legs length: Fe, 1.33–2.05 mm; Ti, 2.28–4.04 mm; Ta, 1.48–2.36 mm. Hind legs length: Fe, 1.63–2.71 mm; Ti, 0.89–1.57 mm; Ta, 0.62–1.09 mm.
Abdomen. Sternite VIII: 3, subcylindrical, without a medial impression, and posterior margin not notched (Fig. 12); Ƥ, with a longitudinal medial impression clearly distinct, and posterior margin strongly notched medially (Fig. 13). Sternite IX: 3, conspicuous (Fig. 12); Ƥ, reduced (Fig. 13).
Key to the five nymphal instars of Trepobates (for specimens of both sexes with or without distinct wing pads)
1 Y-shaped ecdysial line of the head clearly distinct, with long stem (Fig. 2). Dark markings on the pro- and mesonotum without pale areas (Fig. 2).................................................................................. Nymph I
- Y-shaped ecdysial line of the head indistinct (Fig. 11); if distinct, with short stem (Fig. 6). Dark markings on the pro- and mesonotum with pale areas (Fig. 6)........................................................................... 2
2 Middle Fe+Ti+Ta length ≤ 2.65 mm. Fore femur length ≤ 0.35 mm .......................................... Nymph II
- Middle Fe+Ti+Ta length> 2.65 mm. Fore femur length> 0.35 mm ................................................. 3
3 Urosternites VIII without medial impression and IX indistinct (as in Fig. 4)................................. Nymph III
- Urosternites VIII with medial impression (in females, Figs. 10, 13) or IX clearly distinct (in males, Figs. 9, 12)........... 4
4 Urosternites VIII with medial impression slightly distinct and posterior margin sligthly notched medially (in females, Fig. 10) or IX inconspicuous (if so, VIII not subcylindrical) (in males, Fig. 9)................................... Nymph IV
- Urosternites VIII with medial impression clearly distinct and posterior margin strongly notched medially (in females, Fig. 13) or IX conspicuous (if so, VIII subcylindrical) (in males, Fig. 12)........................................ Nymph V
Trepobates taylori (Kirkaldy) (Figs. 1–13; Tables 1–2)
Material examined. ARGENTINA: Jujuy Province, Aguas Calientes, Arroyo Aguas Calientes, 1100 m a.s.l., 18/ XII/2004, S. A. Mazzucconi coll. (6 dissected eggs, 5 nymphs I, 10 nymphs II, 10 nymphs III, 10 nymphs IV (5 3, 5 Ƥ), 10 nymphs V (5 3, 5 Ƥ)).
Egg (Fig. 1)
EL: 1.05–1.10 mm. EW: 0.30–0.35 mm. EL/EW: 3.00–3.67, relatively large, about 0.26–0.28x body length of Ƥ. Anterior and posterior ends rounded, similar in shape; slightly concave at anterior end, where the micropyle (indistinct) is placed (Fig. 1). Chorionic surface with an irregular reticulation.
First nymph (Figs. 2–5)
Colour. Ground colour testaceous with reddish-brown markings; with dark pubescence on terga and pleura, and pale pubescence on sterna. Head reddish-brown except ecdysial line and ventral surface testaceous (Figs. 2–4). Eyes dark red. Rostrum reddish-brown, apical segment darker (Figs. 3–4). Antennae reddish-brown, except segment III basally and all the intersegmental boundaries, pale; with dark pubescence. Prothorax testaceous with one subrectangular reddish-brown marking on each side of the notum reaching the anterior margin (Fig. 2); acetabula reddish-brown (Figs. 3–4). Mesothorax testaceous with one subovate reddish-brown marking on each side of the notum, reaching the anterior and posterior margins of the segment (Fig. 2), and an elongate reddishbrown marking lateroventrally on anterior margin, posterior to proacetabula (Figs. 3–4); intersegmental boundary between pro- and mesonotum at the mesonotal markings, darker (Fig. 2); acetabula reddish-brown (Figs. 3–4). Metathorax testaceous with one subtriangular reddish-brown marking on each side of the notum, continuous with the markings of the mesonotum (Fig. 2); acetabula reddish-brown with posterior margin pale dorsally (Fig. 2). Legs reddish-brown with apex of fore femur and middle and hind (anterior surface) trochanters pale, and fore tarsus dark; with dark pubescence. Abdomen testaceous with proctiger and a small marking on each side of each tergite reaching (segments I–II) or not (segments III–VIII) the anterior margin, reddish-brown; intersegmental boundaries III–VIII next to the markings, darker (Figs. 2–3).
Body. BL/BW: 1.83–2.14, suboval (Fig. 2), with short dense pubescence. Measurements that characterize the body shape are shown in Table 1.
Head. Short, (HL/HW: 0.29–0.38); anterior margin rounded; Y-shaped ecdysial line clearly distinct, with long stem (Fig. 2); with 4–6 long setae, near the anterior and dorsal (inner) margins of the eyes; dorsal surface with 4 trichobothria on each side: 3 anterior to the eyes, situated on the angles of a triangle, and 1 near to the posterior margin of the head. Eyes with 2 long setae (dorsal longest than ventral) between the posterior ommatidia. Rostrum short (not surpassing the anterior fourth of the mesosternum at rest), stout; RL/HW: 0.76–0.81; segment III longest, II shortest, and I shorter than IV; I:II:III:IV=0.56–0.63:0.22–0.25:1.00:0.67–0.75 (Figs. 3–4). Antennae short (AL/ BL: 0.46–0.55), with short dense pubescence; segment IV longest, II shortest, and I longer than III; I:II:III:IV=0.60–0.69:0.40–0.47:0.47–0.53:1.00; segment I slightly curved, dorsally with 2 long setae: 1 on the medial third (seta length 1.11x segment I width), and 1 preapical (seta length 1.26x segment I width), and 1 basal campaniform sensillum; segment II subcylindrical, dorsally with 1 long preapical seta (seta length 1.61x segment II width) and 1 apical campaniform sensillum; segment III subcylindrical and IV fusiform (Fig. 5).
Thorax. Pronotum shorter or longer (PrL/HL: 0.82–1.13) and slightly narrower (PrW/HW: 0.93–0.97) than head; anterior margin slightly concave in the middle, lateral margins convex, and posterior margin from straight to slightly convex (Fig. 2). Mesonotum: MsL/PrL: 2.13–2.63; MsL/MtL: 2.33–3.50; posterior margin slightly concave (Fig. 2). Mesosternum sligthly flattened (Fig. 3); posterior margin concave (Fig. 4). Metanotum shorter than or as long as pronotum (MtL/PrL: 0.66–1.00); posterior margin concave (Fig. 2). Metasternum posterior margin almost straight (Fig. 4). Metasternal scent apparatus absent; metasternum without a transversal duct. Metacetabula with long setae near the joint with the coxa. Meso- and metathoracic spiracles indistinct. Ecdysial line slightly distinct on pro-, meso- and metanotum (not illustrated). Fore legs relatively short (FeL+TiL+TaL/BL: 0.52–0.60), with short dense pubescence; femur longest and tarsus shorter than tibia; FE:TI:TA=1.00:0.84– 0.95:0.47–0.56; coxa short, subconical, with long apical setae on anterior and posterior surfaces; trochanter short; femur subcylindrical, slightly curved; tibia subcylindrical, straight; tarsus subovate, with long setae along the segment, in almost regular rows; two short falcate claws. Middle legs long (FeL+TiL+TaL/BL: 1.73–1.88), slender, with short dense pubescence; tibia longest and femur shorter than tarsus; FE:TI:TA= 1.00:1.50–1.76:1.08–1.30; coxa subconical; trochanter short; femur, tibia and tarsus subcylindrical, straight; two short straight claws. Hind legs long (FeL+TiL+TaL/BL: 1.10–1.18), slender, with short dense pubescence; Fe:Ti:Ta= 1.00:0.75–0.83:0.58– 0.63; coxa subconical; trochanter short; femur, tibia and tarsus subcylindrical, straight; two short straight claws. Wing pads absent.
Abdomen. Posterior margin of tergites slightly concave and sternites from slightly convex to almost straight; proctiger with rounded apex; spiracles indistinct (Figs. 2, 4).
Second nymph (Fig. 6)
Similar to first nymph except for the following features:
Colour. Ground colour light reddish-brown dorsally and laterally with dark and pale markings, and testaceous ventrally. Head dark reddish-brown dorsally with an Y-shaped pale marking (on the area of the ecdysial line) (Fig. 6). Rostrum light reddish-brown, segment I paler and IV darker. Antennae light reddish-brown with segment III basally and all the intersegmental boundaries paler. Pronotum: subrectangular markings dark reddish-brown with a closed pale area (Fig. 6); proacetabula dark reddish-brown (slightly paler than the markings on the notum). Mesonotum: subovate markings dark reddish-brown with a longitudinal pale marking on the anterior half and surrounded by a pale area (Fig. 6); mesoacetabula dark reddish-brown (slightly paler than the markings on the notum) with a testaceous marking dorsally; lateroventral markings on anterior margin dark reddish-brown (slightly paler than the ones on the notum), subquadrangular, near mesothoracical spiracles. Metanotum: subtriangular markings dark reddish-brown surrounded by a pale area (Fig. 6); metacetabula dark reddish-brown (slightly paler than the markings of the notum) with testaceous distal area. Meso- and metathoracic spiracles dark reddish-brown. Legs dark reddish-brown with apex of fore femur and middle and hind (anterior surface) trochanters pale, and fore tarsus dark. Abdomen light reddish-brown with proctiger and a small marking on each side of each tergite dark reddish-brown; markings on tergites I–II surrounded by a pale area; posterior margin of tergites III–VIII pale (Fig. 6).
Body. BL/BW: 1.60–2.00. Measurements that characterize the body shape are shown in Table 1.
Head. HL/HW: 0.33–0.44; Y-shaped ecdysial line slightly distinct, with short stem (Fig. 6). Rostrum: RL/HW: 0.74–0.79; I:II:III:IV=0.43–0.50:0.14–0.17:1.00:0.57–0.67. Antennae: AL/BL: 0.46–0.68; I:II:III:IV=0.55– 0.67:0.36–0.55:0.45–0.67:1.00. Segment I: medial third seta absent; preapical seta length 0.93x segment I width. Segment II: preapical seta length 0.90x segment II width.
Thorax. Pronotum shorter than head (PrL/HL: 0.75–0.88); PrW/HW: 0.89–0.95 (Fig. 6). Mesonotum: MsL/ PrL: 2.13–2.63; MsL/MtL: 2.33–3.50. Metanotum: MtL/PrL: 0.67–1.00. Spiracles: mesothoracic laterally on the prothorax close to the intersegmental boundary with the mesothorax; metathoracic laterally on the mesothorax close to the intersegmental boundary with the metathorax, smaller than mesothoracic ones. Ecdysial line clearly distinct dorsally on thorax and abdominal segment I (Fig. 6). Fore legs: FeL+TiL+TaL/BL: 0.50–0.68; femur longer or as long as tibia; Fe:Ti:Ta=1.00:0.67–1.00:0.42–0.50. Middle legs: FeL+TiL+TaL/BL: 1.79–2.55; Fe:Ti:Ta= 1.00:1.39–1.70:1.07–1.15. Hind legs: FeL+TiL+TaL/BL: 1.11–1.55; Fe:Ti:Ta=1.00:0.69–0.71:0.48– 0.54.
Abdomen. Spiracles distinct: I, dorsal; II–VIII, lateral.
Third nymph (Fig. 7)
Similar to second nymph except for the following features:
Colour. Head light reddish-brown dorsally with the following dark reddish-brown markings (Fig. 7): posterior margin (except on the middle line); internal margin of the eyes; medial bilobed marking narrowing ahead and reaching the anteclypeus; 2 small markings on each side anterior to the eyes, in contact or not with the medial marking. Rostrum light brown with segment I testaceous and IV dark reddish-brown. Antennae dark reddish-brown with segment I (except distally on dorsal surface and basally), segment III basally, and all the intersegmental boundaries, pale. Proacetabula light reddish-brown. Mesonotum: subovate dark reddish-brown markings only reaching the anterior margin, with a longitudinal pale marking on the anterior two thirds, a transversal pale marking on the posterior third, and a pale area surrounding the internal margin (Fig. 7); mesoacetabula with a testaceous marking dorsally, and dark reddish-brown laterally (slightly paler than the markings on the notum) with a pale area. Metacetabula light reddish-brown with posterior margin and lateral area dark reddish-brown (slightly paler than the markings on the notum). Fore femur basally and apically pale. Abdomen: tergite I with a small dark reddishbrown marking on each side around the spiracle; markings on tergite III surrounded by a pale area; markings on tergites IV–VIII connected with each other (Fig. 7).
Body. BL/BW: 1.86–2.03. Measurements that characterize the body shape are shown in Table 1.
Head. HL/HW: 0.42–0.43. Y-shaped ecdysial line indistinct. Rostrum: RL/HW: 0.79–0.83; I:II:III:IV=0.44:0.11:1.00:0.56–0.67. Antennae: AL/BL: 0.45–0.57; segment IV longer than or as long as I and II-III shortest, subequal in length; I:II:III:IV=0.77–1.00:0.54–0.70:0.54–0.80:1.00. Segment I: preapical seta length 0.91x segment I width; with 6 long apical setae dorsally. Segment II: preapical seta length 0.88x segment II width.
Thorax. Pronotum shorter or as long as head (PrL/HL: 0.80–1.00); PrW/HW: 0.83–0.88. Mesonotum: MsL/ PrL: 2.00–2.50; MsL/MtL: 2.50–2.86. Metanotum shorter than pronotum (MtL/PrL: 0.88–0.70). Fore legs: FeL+TiL+TaL/BL: 0.56–0.59; Fe:Ti:Ta= 1.00:0.83–1.00:0.32–0.41. Middle legs: FeL+TiL+TaL/BL: 1.83–2.07; femur shorter or as long as tarsus; Fe:Ti:Ta= 1.00:1.61–1.73:1.00–1.13. Hind legs: FeL+TiL+TaL/BL: 1.19–1.30; Fe:Ti:Ta=1.00:0.63–0.66:0.47–0.49.
Fourth nymph (Figs. 8–10)
Similar to third nymph except for the following features:
Colour. Pronotum: pale area of the subrectangular dark reddish-brown markings open, reaching the posterior side of each marking (Fig. 8). Metacetabula testaceous dorsally with lateral area and internal marking dark reddishbrown; lateral area slightly paler than the markings on the notum. Hind coxa with posterior surface pale distally. Abdomen: markings on tergite III not surrounded by a pale area and connected with each other; tergites III–VIII light reddish-brown without pale posterior margin (Fig. 8).
Body. BL/BW: 3, 2.00–2.18; Ƥ, 2.17–2.84. Measurements that characterize the body shape are shown in Table 1.
Head. HL/HW: 3, 0.36–0.43; Ƥ, 0.33–0.40. Rostrum, 3 and Ƥ: RL/HW: 0.80–1.00; I:II:III:IV=0.50– 0.60:0.17–0.20:1.00:0.67–0.80. Antennae, 3 and Ƥ: AL/BL: 0.53–0.77; I:II:III:IV=0.88–1.00:0.56–0.67:0.56– 0.75:1.00. Segment I: preapical seta length 0.69x segment I width; with 3 basal campaniform sensilla dorsolaterally. Segment II: preapical seta length 0.80x segment II width; the apical campaniform sensillum indistinct.
Thorax. Pronotum shorter, longer or as long as head (PrL/HL: 3, 0.67–1.00; Ƥ, 1.00–1.20); PrW/HW: 3, 0.79–0.86; Ƥ, 0.86–0.87; anterior margin from almost straight to sligthly concave (Fig. 8). Mesonotum: MsL/PrL: 3, 2.17–2.78; Ƥ, 2.17–2.40. MsL/MtL: 3, 2.60–3.00; Ƥ, 2.75–3.25. Metanotum shorter or as long as pronotum (MtL/PrL: 3, 0.80–1.00; Ƥ, 0.67–0.80). Fore legs: FeL+TiL+TaL/BL: 3, 0.57–0.78; Ƥ, 0.54–0.83; femur longest; Fe:Ti:Ta= 3, 1.00:0.85:0.38; Ƥ, 1.00:0.77–0.85:0.38. Middle legs: FeL+TiL+TaL/BL: 3, 1.90–2.60; Ƥ, 1.92–2.80; femur shorter (3 and Ƥ) or as long as tarsus (3); Fe:Ti:Ta= 3, 1.00:1.68–1.80:1.00–1.08; Ƥ, 1.00:1.65–1.74:1.07– 1.11. Hind legs: FeL+TiL+TaL/BL: 3, 1.18–1.65; Ƥ, 1.25–1.71; Fe:Ti:Ta= 3, 1.00:0.55–0.62:0.39–0.43; Ƥ, 1.00:0.55–0.67:0.40–0.48.
Fifth nymph (Figs. 11–13)
Similar to fourth nymph except for the following features:
Colour. Head dorsally with posterior margin ligth reddish-brown medially and dark reddish-brown laterally (Fig. 11). Mesonotum: subovate dark reddish-brown markings with the longitudinal pale marking in contact with the transversal one, and surrounded by a pale area (Fig. 11). Metacetabula with posterior margin dark reddishbrown. Abdomen: tergite I with dark reddish-brown markings reaching the anterior margin very reduced and dark reddish-brown markings around the spiracles, surrounded by a pale area; markings on tergite III surrounded by a pale area; tergites IV–VII with transverse pale area between very reduced dark reddish-brown markings; tergite VIII with an anterior dark reddish-brown marking and a posterior pale marking on each side (Fig. 11).
Body. BL/BW: 3, 2.04–2.27; Ƥ, 2.09–2.42. Measurements that characterize the body shape are shown in Table 1.
Head. HL/HW: 3, 0.33–0.50; Ƥ, 0.29–0.41. Rostrum, 3 and Ƥ: RL/HW: 0.78–0.94; I:II:III:IV=0.38– 0.46:0.13–0.15:1.00:0.53–0.64. Antennae: AL/BL: 3, 0.57–0.71; Ƥ, 0.62–0.79. Segment II shortest (3 and Ƥ), I longer than (3 and Ƥ) or as long as (Ƥ) III–IV, III shorter than (3 and Ƥ) or as long as (Ƥ) IV. I:II:III:IV= 3, 0.90– 1.30:0.60–0.80:0.80–1.00:1.00; Ƥ, 1.10–1.30:0.70–0.80:0.82–0.90:1.00. Segment I: preapical seta length 0.64x segment I width; with 8 long apical setae dorsally; with 4 basal campaniform sensilla (1 dorsolateral and 3 ventral). Segment II: preapical seta length 0.60x segment II width.
Thorax. Pronotum: PrL/HL: 3, 0.75–1.17; Ƥ, 1.00–1.20; PrW/HW: 3, 0.83–0.94; Ƥ, 0.78–0.94. Mesonotum: MsL/PrL: 3, 2.13–2.67; Ƥ, 2.00–2.50. MsL/MtL: 3, 2.50–3.00; Ƥ, 2.33–3.50. Metanotum: MtL/PrL: 3, 0.75– 1.00; Ƥ, 0.63–1.00. Fore legs: FeL+TiL+TaL/BL: 3, 0.58–0.80; Ƥ, 0.59–0.85. Fe:Ti:Ta= 3, 1.00:0.74–0.93:0.39– 0.57; Ƥ, 1.00:0.58–0.84:0.32–0.39. Femur: 3, curved; Ƥ, straight. Middle legs: FeL+TiL+TaL/BL: 3, 2.00–2.76; Ƥ, 2.00–2.71; femur shorter (3), longer (3 and Ƥ) or as long as tarsus (Ƥ); Fe:Ti:Ta= 3, 1.00:1.70–1.94:0.94– 1.15; Ƥ, 1.00:1.74–1.80:0.94–1.00. Hind legs: FeL+TiL+TaL/BL: 3, 1.29–1.67; Ƥ, 1.27–1.77; Fe:Ti:Ta= 3, 1.00:0.53–0.57:0.35–0.38; Ƥ, 1.00:0.52–0.56:0.33–0.39.
Abdomen. Posterior margin of tergites: I–VI, concave; VII, sligthly convex; VIII: Ƥ, sligthly concave (Fig. 11), and 3, with a medial notch. Posterior margin of sternites: II–VI, from slightly convex to almost straight; VII: 3, concave (Fig. 12), and Ƥ, slightly expanded medially (Fig. 13).
description: Published as part of Konopko, Susana Amanda & Mazzucconi, Silvia Ana, 2011, The immature stages of the genus Trepobates Uhler (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerridae), with an identification key to instars and the description of the nymphs of T. tay lo ri (Kirkaldy), pp. 1-15 in Zootaxa 2733 on pages 3-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.207897