cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Backstop Technology for an Exhaustible Resource: A New Look at an Old Problem
Creators: name: Fishelson, Gideon
name: Fishelson, Gideon
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1992
Subjects: Financial Economics
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: The about, 15 year old problem of the behavior of prices of an exhaustible resource when faced with a backstop technology is reworked for a more complete set of possible market outcomes. The market demand is assumed linear which further distinguishes between a competitive market and a monopoly. The analysis shades light from other angles on previous findings and brings up some fine points that were bypassed in previous research like the behavior when the cost of the backstop is below current price or even further lower, below the price at which the elasticity of demand is unity.
An entropy-based approach for a robust least squares spline approximation
Creators: name: Brugnano, Luigi
name: Giordano, Domenico
name: Iavernaro, Felice
name: Rubino, Giorgia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65D10, 94A17

description: We consider the weighted least squares spline approximation of a noisy dataset. By interpreting the weights as a probability distribution, we maximize the associated entropy subject to the constraint that the mean squared error is prescribed to a desired (small) value. Acting on this error yields a robust regression method that automatically detects and removes outliers from the data during the fitting procedure, by assigning them a very small weight. We discuss the use of both spline functions and spline curves. A number of numerical illustrations have been included to disclose the potentialities of the maximal-entropy approach in different application fields.
description: 11 color pictures
Imperfect Competition in a Market of an Exhaustible Resource
Creators: name: Fishelson, Gideon
name: Fishelson, Gideon
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: In this paper we study the paths of market prices and the extracted quantities of an exhaustible resource when the market ownership of the mines is of imperfect competition. The major part of the study is devoted to the Cournot—Nash case, with minor extensions to a Stackelberg duopoly and a cooperation between the two firms. The unique characteristics of the study is of perfect common property of the resource and perfect substitution of the rate of extraction and cummulative extraction in the costs of mining of each of the firms. If corner solutions are not a priori encountered, then the typical static characteristics are maintained also in the dynamic case.
Role of non-locality in exchange-correlation for magnetic 2D van der Waals materials
Creators: name: Lee, Y.
name: Kotani, Takao
name: Ke, Liqin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To obtain accurate independent-particle descriptions for ferromagnetic two-dimensional van der Waals materials, we apply the quasiparticle self-consistent $GW$ (QSGW) method to VI$_3$, CrI$_3$, CrGeTe$_3$, and Fe$_3$GeTe$_2$. QSGW provides a description of the nonlocal exchange-correlation term in the one-particle Hamiltonian. The nonlocal term is important not only as the $U$ of density functional theory (DFT)+$U$ but also for differentiating occupied and unoccupied states in semiconductors. We show the limitations of DFT+$U$ in mimicking QSGW.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, Supplemental Material
CFD analysis of a Coanda jet in a crossflow over a NACA 0012 airfoil
Creators: name: Janecka, Matthew Ryan
name: 0000-0003-4968-8224
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2020
Subjects: Coanda
Crossflow
Wray-Agarwal
NACA 0012
CFD

description: A Coanda jet exposed to a crossflow is examined via RANS simulations with a particular focus on rolling moments. The wing employed in the study is a NACA 0012 profile with an aspect ratio of 1. The Coanda surface is formed by a revolution of the NACA 0012 profile at the tip of the wing. The Reynolds number of the crossflow is 5 × 10⁵ and angle of attack is 2 degrees. The rolling moments generated by the Coanda jet are compared to those estimated from a theoretical aileron that spans half the length of the wing with a 25 percent chord. Theory indicates that a blowing factor, (Cᵤ /α) [superscript (2/3)], of 1.13 corresponds to a control surface deflection of approximately 10.7 degrees. Furthermore, scaling laws apply to the rolling moments and lift forces for low blowing factors. At higher values of the blowing factor, secondary vortices form in the wake of the Coanda jet which cause the scaling laws to fail. In addition, a qualitative analysis is conducted which shows the formation of wing tip vortices and their evolution in the streamwise direction. A secondary vortex forms as a result of the Coanda jet detaching and reattaching to the Coanda surface. Lastly, it is seen that the Wray-Agarwal-RCM turbulence model exhibits much better convergence properties than the Spalart-Allmaras-RCM, and based on comparisons with previous studies, is thought to be the more accurate model.
Orientation-Dependent Atomic-Scale Mechanism of $β$-$\mathrm{Ga}_{2}\mathrm{O}_{3}$ Thin Film Epitaxial Growth
Creators: name: Zhang, Jun
name: Zhao, Junlei
name: Chen, Junting
name: Hua, Mengyuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: $β$-$\mathrm{Ga}_{2}\mathrm{O}_{3}$ has gained intensive interests of research and application as an ultrawide bandgap semiconductor. Epitaxial growth technique of the $β$-$\mathrm{Ga}_{2}\mathrm{O}_{3}$ thin film possesses a fundamental and vital role in the $\mathrm{Ga}_{2}\mathrm{O}_{3}$-based device fabrication. In this work, epitaxial growth mechanisms of $β$-$\mathrm{Ga}_{2}\mathrm{O}_{3}$ with four low Miller-index facets, namely (100), (010), (001), and ($\overline{2}$01), are systematically explored using large-scale machine-learning molecular dynamics simulations at the atomic scale. The simulations reveal that the migration of the face-centered cubic stacking O sublattice plays a predominant role in rationalizing the different growth mechanisms between (100)/(010)/(001) and ($\overline{2}$01) orientations. The resultant complex combinations of the stacking faults and twin boundaries are carefully identified, and shows a good agreement with the experimental observation and ab initio calculation. Our results provide useful insights into the gas-phase epitaxial growth of the $β$-$\mathrm{Ga}_{2}\mathrm{O}_{3}$ thin films and suggest possible ways to tailor its properties for specific applications.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, under peer review
Three essays on the economics of United States credit unions
Creators: name: Rahman, A.F.M. Ataur
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 38
subject: Economics

description: This dissertation addresses the issue of competition between banks and credit unions in two types of loan markets, namely, the 24-month Unsecured (non-credit card) Loan (USL) and the 48-month New Vehicle Loan (NVL) markets. Our study is limited to a sample of US firms. We have three sections in our study. In the first section, we ran a Granger causality test on bank and credit union loan rates. In the second section, we pooled bank and credit union data together and ran Generalized Least Square (GLS) regressions. In the last section, we tried to conceptualize credit union behavior, assuming a service-maximizing approach and designed a number of empirically testable hypotheses. We found that, credit union and bank loans are substitutable in the sense that they influence each other's price. We also found that the two loan rates, namely the USL and the NVL rates, respond to market variables as well as institution-specific variables. Our empirical findings show significant differences in pricing behavior of banks and credit unions in the NVL market. Credit union loan rates are more influenced by credit union-specific variables, while bank rates respond equally to bank-specific and market variables. We noticed that effects of a number of variables could be explained by assuming a more service-oriented, non-profit behavior of credit unions.
The effect of relativistic precession on light curves of tidal disruption events
Creators: name: Calderón, Diego
name: Pejcha, Ondřej
name: Metzger, Brian D.
name: Duffell, Paul C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The disruption of a star by the tidal forces of a spinning black hole causes the stellar stream to precess affecting the conditions for triggering the tidal disruption event (TDE). In this work, we study the effect that precession imprints on TDE light curves due to the interaction of the TDE wind and luminosity with the stream wrapped around the black hole. We perform two-dimensional radiation-hydrodynamic simulations using the moving-mesh hydrodynamic code JET with its radiation treatment module. We study the impact of black hole mass, accretion efficiency, and inclination between the orbital and spin planes. From our results, we identified two behaviours: $i)$ models with low-mass black holes ($M_\text{h}\sim10^6~\text{M}_{\odot}$), low inclination ($i\sim0$), and low accretion efficiency ($η\sim0.01$) show light curves with a short early peak caused by the interaction of the wind with the inner edge of the stream. The line of sight has little effect on the light curve, since the stream covers a small fraction of the solid angle due to the precession occurring in the orbital plane; $ii)$ models with high-mass black holes ($M_\text{h}\gtrsim10^7~\text{M}_{\odot}$), high inclination ($i\sim90^{\circ}$), and high accretion efficiency ($η\sim0.1$) produce light curves with luminosity peaks that can be delayed by up to 50-100 d depending on the line of sight due to presence of the precessed stream blocking the radiation in the early phase of the event. Our results show that black hole spin and misalignment do not imprint recognisable features on the light curves but rather can add complications to their analysis.
description: 19 pages (+1 in Appendix), 13 figures (+1 in Appendix), 1 table. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Three essays on the economics of United States credit unions
Creators: name: Rahman, A.F.M. Ataur
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This dissertation addresses the issue of competition between banks and credit unions in two types of loan markets, namely, the 24-month Unsecured (non-credit card) Loan (USL) and the 48-month New Vehicle Loan (NVL) markets. Our study is limited to a sample of US firms. We have three sections in our study. In the first section, we ran a Granger causality test on bank and credit union loan rates. In the second section, we pooled bank and credit union data together and ran Generalized Least Square (GLS) regressions. In the last section, we tried to conceptualize credit union behavior, assuming a service-maximizing approach and designed a number of empirically testable hypotheses. We found that, credit union and bank loans are substitutable in the sense that they influence each other's price. We also found that the two loan rates, namely the USL and the NVL rates, respond to market variables as well as institution-specific variables. Our empirical findings show significant differences in pricing behavior of banks and credit unions in the NVL market. Credit union loan rates are more influenced by credit union-specific variables, while bank rates respond equally to bank-specific and market variables. We noticed that effects of a number of variables could be explained by assuming a more service-oriented, non-profit behavior of credit unions.
Inward foreign direct investment and patent rights: Empirical evidence from OECD and nonOECD countries
Creators: name: Wagh, Smita
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This dissertation is an empirical investigation of the recipient market characteristics that determine the volume of foreign direct investment it attracts. It focuses on how a multinational's perception of the risk of imitation in the recipient market influences its choice of production location. It further investigates how the type of transactions between the multinational and its foreign affiliate are influenced by the perception of technology theft. For the purposes of this dissertation the recipient market's ability to imitate is modeled as a function of the strength of its patent protection regime. The dissertation includes a detailed survey of select models with a view to establishing that it is impossible to make an a priori theoretical prediction about the impact of stronger patent rights on inward foreign direct investment. The empirical analysis is based on a cross-country study over three decades and is supplemented with a case study of India's pharmaceutical industry. The empirical findings from this research are fairly intuitive in nature. Recipient market size is consistently an important determinant of inward foreign direct investment. Just as robust is the result that tighter domestic patent laws consistently attract higher volumes of direct investment. Moreover, this is especially true among NonOECD markets where there is currently considerable variation in patent laws. Stronger patent laws also seem to make it more likely that the multinational will hire local workers from that particular market.
Large $N$ and large representations of Schur line defect correlators
Creators: name: Hatsuda, Yasuyuki
name: Okazaki, Tadashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the large $N$ and large representation limits of the Schur line defect correlators of the Wilson line operators transforming in the (anti)symmetric, hook and rectangular representations for $\mathcal{N}=4$ $U(N)$ super Yang-Mills theory. By means of the factorization property, the large $N$ correlators of the Wilson line operators in arbitrary representations can be exactly calculated in principle. In the large representation limit they turn out to be expressible in terms of certain infinite series such as Ramanujan's general theta functions and the $q$-analogues of multiple zeta values ($q$-MZVs). Several generating functions for combinatorial objects, including partitions with non-negative cranks and conjugacy classes of general linear groups over finite fields, emerge from the large $N$ correlators. Also we find conjectured properties of the automorphy and the hook-length expansion satisfied by the large $N$ correlators.
description: 68 pages, 1 figure
Impact of improved animal feeding practice on milk production, consumption and animal market participation in Tigrai, Ethiopia
Creators: name: Hadush, Muuz
name: Hadush, Muuz
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Production Economics
subject: household welfare
subject: input use
subject: animal market participation
subject: land investment
subject: endogenous switching regression
subject: Ethiopia

description: In this paper, efforts were made to assess the impact of full and seasonal stall feedingtechnology on households’ milk production and consumption, market participation (animal and animal product sale) in Northern Ethiopia using data obtained from the survey of 518 rural farmers. The overall result indicated that SF adoption ensures significant gains in terms of the specified outcome indicators. Using endogenous switching regression models, we estimate different outcome indicators for both adopters from adoption (ATT), and non-adopters had they adopted (ATU). It is identified that there would be a decline of 21% in milk production and productivity if adopters would not have adopted this technology while nonadopters are estimated to increase their milk production and productivity by 100% and 48% if they would adopt this technology. The results further show that SF adoption had a significant increment in lactation period. An increase of consumption expenditure by 17% from FSF and 44% in the case of SSF could be considered significant on livelihoods for smallholder farmers. The adoption of SF increased the likelihood of participating in an animal sale market by 29% for adopters and by 47% for non-adopters had they decided to adopt.
Additional file 2 of Energy efficiency trade-offs in small to large electric vehicles
Creators: name: Weiss, Martin
name: Cloos, Kira Christina
name: Helmers, Eckard
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2: Additional Figures S1–S36, Tables S2, S3.
Gaugino mass term for D-branes and Generalized Complex Geometry
Creators: name: Graña, Mariana
name: Kovensky, Nicolas
name: Retolaza, Ander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the four-dimensional gaugino mass for a Dp-brane extended in spacetime and wrapping a cycle on the internal geometry in a warped compactification with fluxes. Motivated by the backreaction of gaugino bilinear VEVs, we use Generalized Complex Geometry to characterize the internal geometry as well as the cycle wrapped by the brane. We find that the RR fluxes and the non-closure of the generalized complex structures combine in the gaugino mass terms in the same form as they do in the bulk superpotential, while for the NSNS fluxes there is a crucial minus sign in the component normal to the brane. Our expression extends the known result for D3 and D7-branes in Calabi-Yau manifolds, where the gaugino masses are induced respectively by the imaginary anti-self dual and imaginary self-dual components of the complex 3-form flux $G_3$.
description: 23 pages. v2: version published in JHEP with minor modifications
Inward foreign direct investment and patent rights: Empirical evidence from OECD and nonOECD countries
Creators: name: Wagh, Smita
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 38
subject: Economics

description: This dissertation is an empirical investigation of the recipient market characteristics that determine the volume of foreign direct investment it attracts. It focuses on how a multinational's perception of the risk of imitation in the recipient market influences its choice of production location. It further investigates how the type of transactions between the multinational and its foreign affiliate are influenced by the perception of technology theft. For the purposes of this dissertation the recipient market's ability to imitate is modeled as a function of the strength of its patent protection regime. The dissertation includes a detailed survey of select models with a view to establishing that it is impossible to make an a priori theoretical prediction about the impact of stronger patent rights on inward foreign direct investment. The empirical analysis is based on a cross-country study over three decades and is supplemented with a case study of India's pharmaceutical industry. The empirical findings from this research are fairly intuitive in nature. Recipient market size is consistently an important determinant of inward foreign direct investment. Just as robust is the result that tighter domestic patent laws consistently attract higher volumes of direct investment. Moreover, this is especially true among NonOECD markets where there is currently considerable variation in patent laws. Stronger patent laws also seem to make it more likely that the multinational will hire local workers from that particular market.
A national survey of psychiatrists and state mental health directors regarding involuntary civil commitment
Creators: name: Brooks, Robert Andrew
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4410
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Involuntary civil commitment is a controversial area where the tensions between medicine and law are accentuated. This project had two parts. The first was to compile the non-emergency involuntary civil commitment laws of all U.S. states, since initial reforms of the late 1960's through 2001, and to create variables from that research. The second part was a survey of psychiatrists and state mental health directors regarding their attitudes toward and experience with civil commitment, and to determine the respondents' familiarity with civil commitment laws. The psychiatrist sample consisted of 1500 randomly selected members of the American Psychiatric Association living in the United States. All state mental health directors were also sent a similar survey. The project's aim, in addition to determining respondents' views, was to use the data gained in the legislative study as well as other state-level data (such as region of the country and state mental health spending) in analyzing survey responses. The usable response rates were 48.38% for the psychiatrists (a rate comparable to other surveys of psychiatrists) and 80.39% for the state mental health directors. Results were mostly consistent with prior surveys, showing for example support for traditional grounds for commitment (danger to self and others) with limited support for commitment on the basis of serious mental illness, alcohol and drug addiction, and sexual predator status, although there were significant differences between the two respondent groups. Respondents also showed relative unfamiliarity with the grounds for commitment in their jurisdiction. There was little evidence that state-level variables had significant effects on most of the questionnaire responses. The most important determinant of what commitment grounds respondents wanted was respondents' beliefs about the grounds in existing law. It was concluded that more education about commitment grounds was advisable, and that respondents were apparently influenced by existing law in choosing what grounds respondents wanted to be law.
A national survey of psychiatrists and state mental health directors regarding involuntary civil commitment
Creators: name: Brooks, Robert Andrew
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Involuntary civil commitment is a controversial area where the tensions between medicine and law are accentuated. This project had two parts. The first was to compile the non-emergency involuntary civil commitment laws of all U.S. states, since initial reforms of the late 1960's through 2001, and to create variables from that research. The second part was a survey of psychiatrists and state mental health directors regarding their attitudes toward and experience with civil commitment, and to determine the respondents' familiarity with civil commitment laws. The psychiatrist sample consisted of 1500 randomly selected members of the American Psychiatric Association living in the United States. All state mental health directors were also sent a similar survey. The project's aim, in addition to determining respondents' views, was to use the data gained in the legislative study as well as other state-level data (such as region of the country and state mental health spending) in analyzing survey responses. The usable response rates were 48.38% for the psychiatrists (a rate comparable to other surveys of psychiatrists) and 80.39% for the state mental health directors. Results were mostly consistent with prior surveys, showing for example support for traditional grounds for commitment (danger to self and others) with limited support for commitment on the basis of serious mental illness, alcohol and drug addiction, and sexual predator status, although there were significant differences between the two respondent groups. Respondents also showed relative unfamiliarity with the grounds for commitment in their jurisdiction. There was little evidence that state-level variables had significant effects on most of the questionnaire responses. The most important determinant of what commitment grounds respondents wanted was respondents' beliefs about the grounds in existing law. It was concluded that more education about commitment grounds was advisable, and that respondents were apparently influenced by existing law in choosing what grounds respondents wanted to be law.
Unit Costs and income from selected products in 2016 – research results in the AGROKOSZTY System
Creators: name: Skarżyńska, Aldona
name: Skarżyńska, Aldona
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Production Economics
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: unit costs
subject: agricultural products
subject: production scale
subject: production profitability
subject: income from management

description: The aim of the paper is to present the economic results of winter wheat, winter rye, winter rape, sweet lupine, fodder peas and pigs for slaughter in 2016 on farms with different production scale. Research was held at commercial farms, which sell their production. These farms are enterprises. The results of products were influenced by production capacity of farms, i.e. resources of land, labour and capital, their quality and the manner of use, but they were also dependent on external conditions (e.g. market, weather). Diversification of direct and indirect costs and the costs of own factors of production caused the diversity in economic costs. The research showed that the highest economic costs were recorded for large scale of production – winter wheat, winter rape and fodder pea, for medium scale of production – winter rye and sweet lupine, and for small scale – pigs for slaughter. The income from management was provided by all researched plant production products. Whereas the production of pigs for slaughter did not allow to obtain income from management. However, the favourable effect of the scale of production is visible, the loss of producers pigs for slaughter on a large scale – in comparison to small scale – was almost 5 times lower. The results indicate the advantage of a large scale of production, but it was revealed at different levels of economic calculation.
Measurement of R = longitudinal cross section/transverse cross section in the nucleon resonance region
Creators: name: Liang, Yongguang
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Inclusive electron-proton inelastic cross sections have been measured in the nucleon resonance region at four-momentum transfer range between 0.2 and 5 (GeV/c)2 at Jefferson Lab. The data are utilized for precision measurement of R and the structure functions F2, F1, and F L in the resonance region. The results show that R exhibits resonance structure and the longitudinal resonant component is significant. The quark-hadron duality is verified for all unpolarized structure functions. A global fit to R and F 2 in this region is obtained.
Eucera (Synhalonia) ignota
Creators: name: Pedro, Diego De
name: Ceccarelli, Fadia Sara
name: Sagot, Philippe
name: López-Reyes, Eulogio
name: Mullins, Jessica L.
name: Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A.
name: Falcon-Brindis, Armando
name: Griswold, Terry
name: Ascher, John S.
name: Gardner, Joel
name: Ayala, Ricardo
name: Vides-Borrell, Eric
name: Vandame, Rémy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy

description: Eucera (Synhalonia) ignota (Timberlake, 1969)
Endemic
[Holotype: CASC; ♂ 3.21 km north of Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico; February 24, 1946]
Eucera ignota is only known from one male specimen collected in 1946 in the Coastal Sage Matorral north of Ensenada City (Timberlake 1969). See fig. 104.
description: Published as part of Pedro, Diego De, Ceccarelli, Fadia Sara, Sagot, Philippe, López-Reyes, Eulogio, Mullins, Jessica L., Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Falcon-Brindis, Armando, Griswold, Terry, Ascher, John S., Gardner, Joel, Ayala, Ricardo, Vides-Borrell, Eric & Vandame, Rémy, 2024, Revealing the Baja California Peninsula's Hidden Treasures: An Annotated checklist of the native bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-391 in Zootaxa 5522 (1) on page 169, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5522.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13920532
Measurement of R = longitudinal cross section/transverse cross section in the nucleon resonance region
Creators: name: Liang, Yongguang
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 51
subject: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
classificationCode: 5106
subject: Nuclear and plasma physics

description: Inclusive electron-proton inelastic cross sections have been measured in the nucleon resonance region at four-momentum transfer range between 0.2 and 5 (GeV/c)2 at Jefferson Lab. The data are utilized for precision measurement of R and the structure functions F2, F1, and F L in the resonance region. The results show that R exhibits resonance structure and the longitudinal resonant component is significant. The quark-hadron duality is verified for all unpolarized structure functions. A global fit to R and F 2 in this region is obtained.
An assessment with morphine of the relation between reward sensitization and the development of the UCS preexposure effect in aversion learning
Creators: name: Simpson, Gregory Rand
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Conditioned Taste Aversion (CTA) is thought to be a behavioral index of toxicity. After pairings of a distinctive solution and a drug (unconditioned stimulus; UCS) injection, animals will avoid consumption of the solution, and this avoidance is thought to reflect the aversive effects of this compound. Preexposure to this compound can result in an attenuation of CTA, referred to as the UCS preexposure effect in taste aversion learning. Although CTA can occur with a variety of unconditioned stimuli (UCS), it has been argued that reward sensitization may best explain the UCS preexposure effect with morphine given that morphine preexposure enhances morphine conditioned place preferences (CPP) (i.e., measure of drug reward). To address this possibility, the present study was designed to provide a comprehensive empirical examination of whether enhanced morphine-CPP developed concurrently with the UCS preexposure effect with morphine. This may be best accomplished using a combined CTA/CPP procedure, to assess these effects within the same animals under identical preexposure conditions. In Experiment 1, the simultaneous development of CTAs and CPPs in this combined procedure was assessed, where subjects received saccharin or water followed by morphine-injection (5 mg/kg; subcutaneous) and were then placed into one of two distinctive CPP compartments. The following day they received the other solution followed by drug vehicle-injection and then placed into the other CPP compartment. This two-day cycle was repeated four times after which a CPP test and CTA test revealed place preferences and taste aversions conditioned from the same morphine injection within the same animals. In Experiment 2, the effects of morphine preexposure (0 or 5 mg/kg; 5 subcutaneous injections every second day) on CTA and CPP (conditioned with 1 or 5 mg/kg; subcuntaneous) were assessed. There were four conditioning cycles (see Experiment 1), each followed by a CTA and CPP test. Morphine conditioned both a CTA and a CPP in a dose-related manner. Interestingly, morphine preexposure both attenuated CTAs (UCS preexposure effect) and enhanced CPPs in a parallel fashion. These results are consistent with a reward sensitization interpretation of the UCS preexposure effect with CTA; however, alternate interpretations are discussed.
ICML 2023 Topological Deep Learning Challenge : Design and Results
Creators: name: Papillon, Mathilde
name: Hajij, Mustafa
name: Jenne, Helen
name: Mathe, Johan
name: Myers, Audun
name: Papamarkou, Theodore
name: Birdal, Tolga
name: Dey, Tamal
name: Doster, Tim
name: Emerson, Tegan
name: Gopalakrishnan, Gurusankar
name: Govil, Devendra
name: Guzmán-Sáenz, Aldo
name: Kvinge, Henry
name: Livesay, Neal
name: Mukherjee, Soham
name: Samaga, Shreyas N.
name: Ramamurthy, Karthikeyan Natesan
name: Karri, Maneel Reddy
name: Rosen, Paul
name: Sanborn, Sophia
name: Walters, Robin
name: Agerberg, Jens
name: Barikbin, Sadrodin
name: Battiloro, Claudio
name: Bazhenov, Gleb
name: Bernardez, Guillermo
name: Brent, Aiden
name: Escalera, Sergio
name: Fiorellino, Simone
name: Gavrilev, Dmitrii
name: Hassanin, Mohammed
name: Häusner, Paul
name: Gardaa, Odin Hoff
name: Khamis, Abdelwahed
name: Lecha, Manuel
name: Magai, German
name: Malygina, Tatiana
name: Ballester, Rubén
name: Nadimpalli, Kalyan
name: Nikitin, Alexander
name: Rabinowitz, Abraham
name: Salatiello, Alessandro
name: Scardapane, Simone
name: Scofano, Luca
name: Singh, Suraj
name: Sjölund, Jens
name: Snopov, Pavel
name: Spinelli, Indro
name: Telyatnikov, Lev
name: Testa, Lucia
name: Yang, Maosheng
name: Yue, Yixiao
name: Zaghen, Olga
name: Zia, Ali
name: Miolane, Nina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents the computational challenge on topological deep learning that was hosted within the ICML 2023 Workshop on Topology and Geometry in Machine Learning. The competition asked participants to provide open-source implementations of topological neural networks from the literature by contributing to the python packages TopoNetX (data processing) and TopoModelX (deep learning). The challenge attracted twenty-eight qualifying submissions in its two-month duration. This paper describes the design of the challenge and summarizes its main findings.
Regional convergence of labour productivity in rural sectors in the context of funds obtained for agriculture from the European Union
Creators: name: Adamowicz, Mieczysław
name: Szepeluk, Adam
name: Adamowicz, Mieczysław
name: Szepeluk, Adam
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Production Economics
subject: convergence
subject: regions
subject: rural development

description: One of the key goals of European integration is the reduction of development disparities referred to as convergence. Convergence occurs in two forms as sigma convergence and beta convergence. Sigma convergence means a decrease in dispersion and differentiation over time, and the essence of beta convergence is faster development of less developed regions or countries, which results in catching up. The aim of the article is to study the convergence of the level of development of the sectors of the rural economy in the regions of Poland between 2003 and 2014. The economic results, in the context of the size of funds raised from European funds, measured by the gross value added of agriculture, forestry, hunting and fisheries, were obtained from the Local Data Bank. Data on the value of the funds used were obtained from the Agency for Restructuring and Modernization of Agriculture. Statistical methods describing the state of differentiation of regions and the function of regression were used for the analysis. The research confirmed partial occurrence of labour productivity convergence in the rural sectors of the Polish regions and a positive correlation of gross value added with the amount of obtained funds from European funds.
Stem cell lineage survival as a noisy competition for niche access
Creators: name: Corominas-Murtra, Bernat
name: Scheele, Colinda L. G. J.
name: Kishi, Kasumi
name: Ellenbroek, Saskia I. J.
name: Simons, Benjamin D.
name: van Rheenen, Jacco
name: Hannezo, Edouard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Understanding to what extent stem cell potential is a cell-intrinsic property, or an emergent behavior coming from global tissue dynamics and geometry, is a key outstanding question of systems and stem cell biology. Here, we propose a theory of stem cell dynamics as a stochastic competition for access to a spatially-localized niche, giving rise to a stochastic conveyor-belt model. Cell divisions produce a steady cellular stream which advects cells away from the niche, while random rearrangements enable cells away from the niche to be favourably repositioned. Importantly, even when assuming that all cells in a tissue are molecularly equivalent, we predict a common ("universal") functional dependence of the long-term clonal survival probability on distance from the niche, as well as the emergence of a well-defined number of functional stem cells, dependent only on the rate of random movements vs. mitosis-driven advection. We test the predictions of this theory on datasets on pubertal mammary gland tips, embryonic kidney tips as well homeostatic intestinal crypt. Importantly, we find good agreement for the predicted functional dependency of the competition as a function of position, and thus functional stem cell number in each organ. This argues for a key role of positional fluctuations in dictating stem cell number and dynamics, and we discuss the applicability of this theory to other settings.
description: 21 pages 10 figures, (with appendix)
Development of the sustainability index of farms based on surveys and FADN sample
Creators: name: Sulewski, Piotr
name: Kłoczko-Gajewska, Anna
name: Sulewski, Piotr
name: Kłoczko-Gajewska, Anna
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: sustainable development
subject: sustainable agriculture
subject: measurement of sustainability

description: This methodical paper discusses the procedure for developing the farm sustainability index using data from surveys and accountancy data collected in the FADN system database. The research covered a total of 600 farms selected similarly to the selection method used in FADN (taking into account the economic size, production type and region). The structure of the sustainability index of farms uses variables characterizing the environmental, economic and social dimension of sustainability. In total, over 100 output parameters classified in 7 partial indices were used in the assessment of sustainability. The resultant distribution of individual partial indices and dimensions of sustainability indicates the diversity of the studied population in terms of considered parameters. At the same time, it was found that aggregation leads to the dominance of values close to the middle of the range of considered indices. The applied methodology allows to assess the sustainability of individual farms and their classification into groups of entities diversified by the degree of compliance with the principles of sustainable agriculture. The ability to measure and assess the sustainability of farms can be considered as the first step in the process of creating effective agricultural development support policies. The paper provides an opinion in the long-lasting discussion on the operationalization of the concept of sustainable development and ways to measure the degree of compliance of economic operators’ actions with the paradigm in question.
Effect of nitrogen and boron on the yield of wheat cv. Kanchan
Creators: name: Khan, M. M.
name: Hasan, A. K.
name: Rashid, M. H.
name: Ahmed, F.
name: Khan, M. M.
name: Hasan, A. K.
name: Rashid, M. H.
name: Ahmed, F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Nitrogen
subject: Boron
subject: Kanchan variety
subject: Wheat yield

description: An experiment was carried out at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from January to April 2004 to study the effect of different levels of nitrogen and boron on the yield of wheat cv. Kanchan. The treatments included four levels of nitrogen VIZ., 45, 60, 85 and 110 kg N ha-1 and four levels of boron viz., 0, 1, 2 and 3 kg B ha-1. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The results revealed that Yield and yield contributing characters were influenced significantly by both levels of nitrogen and boron. Among the levels of nitrogen, 110 kg N ha-1 produced the highest grain (5.54 t ha-1) and straw (8.21 t ha -1) yields. The lowest grain (3.23 t ha-1) and straw (5.52 t ha-1) yields were observed with the application of 45 kg N ha-1. The highest grain (4.95 t ha-1) and straw (7.38 t ha 1) yields were produced With 3 kg B ha-1. The minimum grain (3.59 t ha-1) and straw (6.14 t ha-1) yields were found in the control treatment. Highest plant height (103.23cm) and grains spike-1 (62.53) was observed due to interaction of 110 kg N ha-l and 3 kg B ha-1.
Domestic Water Conservation : A Survey Assessing Practices in Vancouver Residents
Creators: name: Bilawchuk, Carter
name: Monaghan, Louis
name: Lamont-Caputo, Luc
name: Wong, Victor
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: We conducted a study to investigate the following research question pertaining to water conservation in Vancouver. “Among different water conservation actions, what are Vancouver resident’s opinions on which practices they believe to be most effective at conserving water? What is their perceived costliness of implementing such water saving practices? What is their current usage of these practices and what their level of willingness adopt practices?” An online survey collected information on these questions from residents of Vancouver. Statistical analyses found that among all ten water conservation actions people did not rate them as statistically significantly in terms of effectiveness. Significant differences were found for the other three variables with perceived cost, current usage and willingness to implement showing statistical significance. Turning off the tap while brushing your teeth was rated as least costly, as well as most currently used and most willing to adopt. We found correlations among the questions. Most relevant are a strong positive correlation between current usage and willingness to adopt, as well as a negative correlation between costliness and willingness to adopt. Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”
Elastic Scattering of Cosmological Gravitational Wave Backgrounds: Primordial Black Holes and Stellar Objects
Creators: name: Howard, Marcell
name: König, Morgane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Primordial black holes (PBHs) are plausible dark matter candidates that formed from the gravitational collapse of primordial density fluctuations. Current observational constraints allow asteroid-mass PBHs to account for all of the cosmological dark matter. We show that elastic scattering of a cosmological gravitational wave background, these black holes generate spectral distortions on the background of 0.3% for cosmologically relevant frequencies without considering coherent scattering and 5% when the coherent enhancement is included. Scattering from stellar objects induce much smaller distortions. Detectability of this signal depends on our ultimate understanding of the unperturbed background spectrum.
description: Updated draft to reflect version to appear in JCAP including an appendix of PBH clustering boosting the cross section
Effect of planting density of soybean grown in association with Eucalyptus tree on its yield and yield contributing characters under the cropland Agroforestry system
Creators: name: Ahmed, F.
name: Rahman, G. M. M.
name: Hasan, A. K.
name: Ahmed, F.
name: Rahman, G. M. M.
name: Hasan, A. K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Production Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Soybean yield
subject: Eucalyptus
subject: Cropland agroforestry

description: A field experiment was conducted at the Agroforestry Farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, during the period from December 2003 to April 2004 to find out the effect of planting density of soybean in association with Eucalyptus tree on its yield and yield contributing characters under the cropland agroforestry system. The experiment was carried out in a factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. The density of soybean was 60 plants/m 2, 50 plants/m2 and 40 plants/m2. Two factors i.e. tree (Eucalyptus) and planting density of soybean was involved in the experiment. In general Eucalyptus tree influenced plant height, no of seed pod-1, seed yield and total dry matter yield of soybean significantly; while no of pod plant-1, length of pod, weight of 1000 seed and harvest index were insignificant. Among the three plant densities of soybean, 50 plants/m2 gave best results in all the yield and yield contributing characters except no of pod plant-1 and harvest index compared to that of 40 plants/m2 and 60 plants/m2. Considering Eucalyptus- Soybean association 50 plants/m2 plant densities of soybean grown as undestroyed crop in association with Eucalyptus is best for higher yield of soybean.
Quasi-random words and limits of word sequences
Creators: name: Hàn, Hiêp
name: Kiwi, Marcos
name: Pavez-Signé, Matías
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: G.2.1
subject: 05A05 (Primary), 68Q99 (Secondary)

description: Words are sequences of letters over a finite alphabet. We study two intimately related topics for this object: quasi-randomness and limit theory. With respect to the first topic we investigate the notion of uniform distribution of letters over intervals, and in the spirit of the famous Chung--Graham--Wilson theorem for graphs we provide a list of word properties which are equivalent to uniformity. In particular, we show that uniformity is equivalent to counting 3-letter subsequences. Inspired by graph limit theory we then investigate limits of convergent word sequences, those in which all subsequence densities converge. We show that convergent word sequences have a natural limit, namely Lebesgue measurable functions of the form $f:[0,1]\to[0,1]$. Via this theory we show that every hereditary word property is testable, address the problem of finite forcibility for word limits and establish as a byproduct a new model of random word sequences. Along the lines of the proof of the existence of word limits, we can also establish the existence of limits for higher dimensional structures. In particular, we obtain an alternative proof of the result by Hoppen, Kohayakawa, Moreira, Ráth and Sampaio [{\it J. Combin. Theory Ser. B 103(1):93--113, 2013}] establishing the existence of permutons.