cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Electronic structure induced reconstruction and magnetic ordering at the LaAlO$_3|$SrTiO$_3$ interface
Creators: name: Zhong, Zhicheng
name: Kelly, Paul J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using local density approximation (LDA) calculations we predict GdFeO$_3$-like rotation of TiO$_6$ octahedra at the $n$-type interface between LaAlO$_3$ and SrTiO$_3$. The narrowing of the Ti $d$ bandwidth which results means that for very modest values of $U$, LDA$+U$ calculations predict charge and spin ordering at the interface. Recent experimental evidence for magnetic interface ordering may be understood in terms of the close proximity of an antiferromagnetic insulating ground state to a ferromagnetic metallic excited state.
Blue-tilted inflationary tensor spectrum and reheating in the light of NANOGrav results
Creators: name: Kuroyanagi, Sachiko
name: Takahashi, Tomo
name: Yokoyama, Shuichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the possibility of explaining the recent NANOGrav results by inflationary gravitational waves (IGWs) with a blue-tilted primordial spectrum. Although such IGWs can account for the NANOGrav signal without contradicting the upper bound on the tensor-to-scalar ratio at the cosmic microwave background scale, the predicted spectrum is in strong tension with the upper bound on the amplitude of the stochastic gravitational wave background by big-bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) and the second LIGO-Virgo observation run. However, the thermal history of the Universe, such as reheating and late-time entropy production, affects the spectral shape of IGWs at high frequencies and permits evading the upper bounds. We show that, for the standard reheating scenario, when the reheating temperature is relatively low, a blue tensor spectrum can explain the recent NANOGrav signal without contradicting the BBN and the LIGO-Virgo constraints. We further find that, when one considers a late-time entropy production, the NANOGrav signal can be explained even for an instant reheating scenario.
description: 19 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in JCAP
T-homotopy and refinement of observation (I) : Introduction
Creators: name: Gaucher, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55P99, 68Q85

description: This paper is the extended introduction of a serie of papers about modelling T-homotopy by refinement of observation. The notion of T-homotopy equivalence is discussed. A new one is proposed and its behaviour with respect to other construction in dihomotopy theory is explained.
description: Introductory paper for a series of papers about refinement of observation modelling T-homotopy ; 5 figures ; 9 pages ; to appear in ENTCS
String topology of Poincare duality groups
Creators: name: Abbaspour, Hossein
name: Cohen, Ralph
name: Gruher, Kate
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55P35, 20J06

description: Let G be a Poincare duality group of dimension n. For a given element g in G, let C_g denote its centralizer subgroup. Let L_G be the graded abelian group defined by (L_G)_p = oplus_{[g]}H_{p+n}(C_g) where the sum is taken over conjugacy classes of elements in G. In this paper we construct a multiplication on L_G directly in terms of intersection products on the centralizers. This multiplication makes L_G a graded, associative, commutative algebra. When G is the fundamental group of an aspherical, closed oriented n manifold M, then (L_G)_* = H_{*+n}(LM), where LM is the free loop space of M. We show that the product on L_G corresponds to the string topology loop product on H_*(LM) defined by Chas and Sullivan.
description: This is the version published by Geometry & Topology Monographs on 22 February 2008
Universality of Fluctuation-Dissipation Ratios: The Ferromagnetic Model
Creators: name: Garriga, A.
name: Sollich, P.
name: Pagonabarraga, I.
name: Ritort, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate analytically the fluctuation-dissipation ratio (FDR) for Ising ferromagnets quenched to criticality, both for the long-range model and its short-range analogue in the limit of large dimension. Our exact solution shows that, for both models, $X^\infty=1/2$ if the system is unmagnetized while $X^\infty=4/5$ if the initial magnetization is non-zero. This indicates that two different classes of critical coarsening dynamics need to be distinguished depending on the initial conditions, each with its own nontrivial FDR. We also analyze the dependence of the FDR on whether local and global observables are used. These results clarify how a proper local FDR (and the corresponding effective temperature) should be defined in long-range models in order to avoid spurious inconsistencies and maintain the expected correspondence between local and global results; global observables turn out to be far more robust tools for detecting non-equilibrium FDRs.
description: 14 pages, revtex4, published version. Changes from v1: added discussion of refs [16,36,37], other observables and local correlation/response in short-range model
Parmelia barrenoae Divakar, M. C. Molina & A. Crespo, Lichenologist
Creators: name: Ossowska, Emilia Anna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Fungi
Ascomycota
Lecanoromycetes
Lecanorales
Parmeliaceae
Parmelia
Parmelia barrenoae

description: Parmelia barrenoae Divakar, M.C. Molina & A. Crespo, Lichenologist 37(1): 43 (2005). Fig. 3
 Type:— SPAIN. ÁVILA: Sierra de Gredos, Navalpera de Tormes, Cruz del Gallo, 1300 m, on Quercus pyrenaica, 6 Sept. 2003, A. Crespo (holotype MAF 9906; isotypes BM, GZU, UPS).
 Lobes short and broad, overlapping, 2–7 mm wide; rhizines simple to furcate; soralia laminal, rapidly releasing soredia, leaving the exposed, light medulla. Atranorin, salazinic and consalazinic acids always present (Divakar et al. 2005; Hodkinson et al. 2010). In addition to the mostly laminal soralia, it also differs from P. asiatica and P. sulcata, in its simple to furcate rhizines (Table 1). The species seems to be common in the western USA (Hodkinson et al. 2010), but it had not been previously reported in the central states (South Dakota and Illinois), nor from Canada.
 Material examined. CANADA. Ontario: Ottawa (metro), 28 Benson Street, 45°21’N, 75°43’W, garden in back, on rotting picnic table, on picnic bench, 15 June 2005, I. M. Brodo 31715B (CANL 120652). USA. South Dakota: Custer County: Cicero Peak (6.5 miles south of Custer), on south side of peak, saxicolous, 7 July 1960, C. M. Wetmore 6991 (MSC 23989); Pennington County, valley on south side near top of Harney Peak, 7 miles northeast of Custer, corticolous, 10 July 1960, C. M. Wetmore 7278 (MSC 23944); Illinois: Lake County, north of Highway 20, red rocks area, above Grizzly Canyon near radio facility, about 34 miles west-southwest of the town of Williams, on twigs and branches of Quercus, 29 July 2011, C. R. Björk 23702 (UBC-L 52130); Washington: Spokane, Dishman Hills county park, on ridge near the southern tip of the park, 47°39’N, 117°17’W, branches Populus tremuloides near sylvan pool in open, dry conifer forest on rocky ridge, 07 April 2011, C. R. Björk 22305 (UBC L-47428); Riverside State Park, edge of the Channeled Scablands, slopes above the “Bowl & Pitcher”, along trail below the parking lot of the main overlook, 47°42’N, 117°30’W, twigs of Amelanchier at top of basalt cliff, 03 Apr. 2011, C. R. Björk 22206 (UBC L-47419).
description: Published as part of Ossowska, Emilia Anna, 2023, Notes on sorediate Parmelia species in North America with the first records of P. asiatica and P. barrenoae, pp. 152-160 in Phytotaxa 619 (2) on pages 157-158, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.619.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/8425888
Probing the near-horizon region of Cygnus X-1 with Suzaku and NuSTAR
Creators: name: Zhang, Zuobin
name: Liu, Honghui
name: Abdikamalov, Askar B.
name: Ayzenberg, Dimitry
name: Bambi, Cosimo
name: Zhou, Menglei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Astrophysical black holes are ideal laboratories for testing Einstein's theory of general relativity in the strong field regime. In this manuscript, we present an analysis of Suzaku and NuSTAR spectra of the black hole binary Cygnus X-1 using RELXILL_NK. Unlike our previous study on Cygnus X-1 with NuSTAR data, here we are able to constrain the Johannsen deformation parameter $α_{13}$. However, despite the high energy resolution near the iron line provided by Suzaku, our constraints on the Kerr metric from Cygnus X-1 are not very stringent in comparison with those that have been obtained from other sources, confirming that Cygnus X-1 is quite a complicated source.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures. v2: refereed version
The wetting problem of fluids on solid surfaces: Dynamics of lines and contact angle hysteresis
Creators: name: Gouin, Henri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In 1805, Young was the first who introduced an expression for contact angle in static, but today, the motion of the contact-line formed at the intersection of two immiscible fluids and a solid is still subject to dispute. By means of the new physical concept of line viscosity, the equations of motions and boundary conditions for fluids in contact on a solid surface together with interface and contact-line are revisited. A new Young-Dupré equation for the dynamic contact angle is deduced. The interfacial energies between fluids and solid take into account the chemical heterogeneities and the solid surface roughness. A scaling analysis of the microscopic law associated with the Young-Dupré dynamic equation allows us to obtain a new macroscopic equation for the motion of the contact-line. Here we show that our theoretical predictions fit perfectly together with the contact angle hysteresis phenomenon and the experimentally well-known results expressing the dependence of the dynamic contact angle on the celerity of the contact-line. We additively get a quantitative explanation for the maximum speed of wetting (and dewetting).
description: 8 pages
Active Deep Densely Connected Convolutional Network for Hyperspectral Image Classification
Creators: name: Liu, Bing
name: Yu, Anzhu
name: Zhang, Pengqiang
name: Ding, Lei
name: Guo, Wenyue
name: Gao, Kuiliang
name: Zuo, Xibing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep learning based methods have seen a massive rise in popularity for hyperspectral image classification over the past few years. However, the success of deep learning is attributed greatly to numerous labeled samples. It is still very challenging to use only a few labeled samples to train deep learning models to reach a high classification accuracy. An active deep-learning framework trained by an end-to-end manner is, therefore, proposed by this paper in order to minimize the hyperspectral image classification costs. First, a deep densely connected convolutional network is considered for hyperspectral image classification. Different from the traditional active learning methods, an additional network is added to the designed deep densely connected convolutional network to predict the loss of input samples. Then, the additional network could be used to suggest unlabeled samples that the deep densely connected convolutional network is more likely to produce a wrong label. Note that the additional network uses the intermediate features of the deep densely connected convolutional network as input. Therefore, the proposed method is an end-to-end framework. Subsequently, a few of the selected samples are labelled manually and added to the training samples. The deep densely connected convolutional network is therefore trained using the new training set. Finally, the steps above are repeated to train the whole framework iteratively. Extensive experiments illustrates that the method proposed could reach a high accuracy in classification after selecting just a few samples.
A Photometric Redshift Galaxy Catalog from the Red-Sequence Cluster Survey
Creators: name: Hsieh, B. C.
name: Yee, H. K. C.
name: Lin, H.
name: Gladders, M. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Red-Sequence Cluster Survey (RCS) provides a large and deep photometric catalog of galaxies in the $z'$ and $R_c$ bands for ~90 square degrees of sky, and supplemental $V$ and $B$ data have been obtained for 33.6 deg$^{2}$. We compile a photometric redshift catalog from these 4-band data by utilizing the empirical quadratic polynomial photometric redshift fitting technique in combination with CNOC2 and GOODS/HDF-N redshift data. The training set includes 4924 spectral redshifts. The resulting catalog contains more than one million galaxies with photometric redshifts $< 1.5$ and $R_c < 24$, giving an rms scatter $σ(Δ{z}) < 0.06$ within the redshift range $0.2 < z < 0.5$ and $σ(Δ{z}) < 0.11$ for galaxies at $0.0 < z < 1.5$. We describe the empirical quadratic polynomial photometric redshift fitting technique which we use to determine the relation between redshift and photometry. A kd-tree algorithm is used to divide up our sample to improve the accuracy of our catalog. We also present a method for estimating the photometric redshift error for individual galaxies. We show that the redshift distribution of our sample is in excellent agreement with smaller and much deeper photometric and spectroscopic redshift surveys.
description: 40 pages, including 17 figures, accepted by ApJS
Generalized Integral Operators and Applications
Creators: name: Bernard, Séverine
name: Colombeau, Jean-François
name: Delcroix, Antoine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Mathematics (math.GM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 45P05, 47G10, 46F30, 46F05, 46F12

description: We extend the theory of distributional kernel operators to a framework of generalized functions, in which they are replaced by integral kernel operators. Moreover, in contrast to the distributional case, we show that these generalized integral operators can be composed unrestrictedly. This leads to the definition of the exponential, and more generally entire functions, of a subclass of such operators.
description: 25 pages, Equipe AANL
NASA Data Made Easier for Air Quality Applications
Creators: name: Elizabeth Rogers Joyner
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: NASA Data for Your Air Quality Applications Made Easier

104th American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting 

15th Conference on Environment and Health

Problems evident throughout Earth’s systems, especially those related to air quality, require radical and rapid innovation. NASA facilitates innovation by prioritizing access to free and open data essential for monitoring and mapping complex systems and their dynamics. However, accessing and using this data can be complicated, demanding expert knowledge of the datasets and related tools.

In July 2023, ESDS revised the Air Quality Data Pathfinder, one of the 15 in the series, designed to facilitate access and use of data for various transdisciplinary Earth System Science applications. Data Pathfinders provide resources and tools for a variety of user communities around common Earth systems themes, with the goal of reducing barriers to NASA data so that users can engage in exploration, analysis, and application.

The updated Air Quality Data Pathfinder addresses specific concerns shared by the Air Quality user community over the past year, as articulated in the UNBOUND for Air Quality Report released in May 2023 by Earth Science Information Partners (ESIP). Data users reflected on difficulties accessing and using NASA data due to a lack of technical knowledge and skills, encountering limitations in data discovery due to perceived requirements, as well as misunderstanding metadata. The 2023 Air Quality Data Pathfinder attempts to address several pain points expressed by these users with the following updates:

Data organized by resolution for easy identification

Resources grouped by parameter

Data tools organized by purpose

Specific resources featured for GIS users, programmers, etc.

The Air Quality Data Pathfinder demystifies NASA data for research and applications. This resource supports users with various interests, including monitoring the movement of wildfire smoke and dust plumes, identifying concentrations of trace gases in your region, as well as understanding how these pollutant concentrations change over time, among others. From beginners to experienced data users, this pathfinder offers data access, visualization, subsetting, and more resources in one place, allowing users more time for scientific pursuits.
Hybrid Thermal Machines: Generalized Thermodynamic Resources for Multitasking
Creators: name: Manzano, Gonzalo
name: Sánchez, Rafael
name: Silva, Ralph
name: Haack, Géraldine
name: Brask, Jonatan B.
name: Brunner, Nicolas
name: Potts, Patrick P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermal machines perform useful tasks--such as producing work, cooling, or heating--by exchanging energy, and possibly additional conserved quantities such as particles, with reservoirs. Here we consider thermal machines that perform more than one useful task simultaneously, terming these "hybrid thermal machines". We outline their restrictions imposed by the laws of thermodynamics and we quantify their performance in terms of efficiencies. To illustrate their full potential, reservoirs that feature multiple conserved quantities, described by generalized Gibbs ensembles, are considered. A minimal model for a hybrid thermal machine is introduced, featuring three reservoirs and two conserved quantities, e.g., energy and particle number. This model can be readily implemented in a thermoelectric setup based on quantum dots, and hybrid regimes are accessible considering realistic parameters.
description: 10 + 5 pages, 9 figures. v2: Some explanations improved and minor changes. Accepted in Physical Review Research
Cycloisomerization of Alkyne‐Tethered N‐Acyloxycarbamates to 2‐(3H)Oxazolones through Nitrenoid‐Mediated Carboxyamidation
Creators: name: Su, Siyuan
name: Wu, Tongtong
name: Xia, Yuanzhi
name: Wink, Donald
name: Lee, Daesung
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 3405
subject: Organic chemistry
classificationCode: 34
subject: Chemical sciences
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
classificationCode: 3402
subject: Inorganic chemistry

description: The cycloisomerization of alkyne-tethered N-benzoyloxycarbamates to 2-(3H)oxazolones is described. Two catalytic systems are tailored for intramolecular 5-exo-alkyne carboxyamidation and concomitant alkene isomerization. PtCl2 /CO (5 mol%, toluene, 100 °C) promotes both carboxyamidation and alkene isomerization but has a limited substrate scope. On the other hand, FeCl3 (5 mol%, CH3 CN, 100 °C) promotes carboxyamidation effectively but a cocatalyst is required for the exocyclic alkene isomerization. Thus, a two-step one-pot protocol has been developed for a broader reaction scope, which involves FeCl3 -catalyzed carboxyamidation and base-induced alkene isomerization. Crossover experiments suggest that these reactions proceed mainly through a mechanism involving acylnitrenoid intermediates rather than carbenoid intermediates.
Sub-Quantum Fisher Information
Creators: name: Cerezo, M.
name: Sone, Akira
name: Beckey, Jacob L.
name: Coles, Patrick J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Quantum Fisher Information (QFI) plays a crucial role in quantum information theory and in many practical applications such as quantum metrology. However, computing the QFI is generally a computationally demanding task. In this work we analyze a lower bound on the QFI which we call the sub-Quantum Fisher Information (sub-QFI). The bound can be efficiently estimated on a quantum computer for an $n$-qubit state using $2n$ qubits. The sub-QFI is based on the super-fidelity, an upper bound on Uhlmann's fidelity. We analyze the sub-QFI in the context of unitary families, where we derive several crucial properties including its geometrical interpretation. In particular, we prove that the QFI and the sub-QFI are maximized for the same optimal state, which implies that the sub-QFI is faithful to the QFI in the sense that both quantities share the same global extrema. Based on this faithfulness, the sub-QFI acts as an efficiently computable surrogate for the QFI for quantum sensing and quantum metrology applications. Finally, we provide additional meaning to the sub-QFI as a measure of coherence, asymmetry, and purity loss.
description: 4 + 8 pages, 2 figures
Standard Hausdorff spectrum of compact $\mathbb{F}_p[[t]]$-analytic groups
Creators: name: González-Sánchez, Jon
name: Zozaya, Andoni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20E18, 28A78

description: We prove that the $\mathbb{F}_p[[t]]$-standard Hausdorff spectrum of a compact $\mathbb{F}_p[[t]]$-analytic group contains a real interval and that it coincides with the full unit interval when the group is soluble. Moreover, we show that the $\mathbb{F}_p[[t]]$-standard Hausdorff spectrum of classical Chevalley groups over $\mathbb{F}_p[[t]]$ is not full, since 1 is an isolated point thereof.
Plain language summary: Ataluren delays loss of ambulation and respiratory decline in nonsense mutation Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients
Creators: name: McDonald, Craig M
name: Muntoni, Francesco
name: Penematsa, Vinay
name: Jiang, Joel
name: Kristensen, Allan
name: Bibbiani, Francesco
name: Goodwin, Elizabeth
name: Gordish-Dressman, Heather
name: Morgenroth, Lauren
name: Werner, Christian
name: Li, James
name: Able, Richard
name: Trifillis, Panayiota
name: Tulinius, Már
name: Investigators, On behalf of the Study 019 & CINRG Duchenne Natural History
Publisher: name: Becaris
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 320905
subject: Neurology and neuromuscular diseases

description: This is a peer-reviewed plain language summary for the article 'Ataluren delays loss of ambulation and respiratory decline in nonsense mutation Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients' published in the Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research.Long-term effect of ataluren in patients with a specific type of genetic mutation leading to Duchenne muscular dystrophySummary: Aim: We investigated the effect of ataluren plus standard of care (SoC) on age at loss of ambulation (LoA) and respiratory decline in patients with nonsense mutation Duchenne muscular dystrophy (nmDMD) versus patients with DMD on SoC alone. Patients & methods: Study 019 was a long-term Phase III study of ataluren safety in nmDMD patients with a history of ataluren exposure. Propensity score matching identified Study 019 and CINRG DNHS patients similar in disease progression predictors. Results & conclusion: Ataluren plus SoC was associated with a 2.2-year delay in age at LoA (p = 0.0006), and a 3.0-year delay in decline of predicted forced vital capacity to <60% in nonambulatory patients (p = 0.0004), versus SoC. Ataluren plus SoC delays disease progression and benefits ambulatory and nonambulatory patients with nmDMD. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT01557400.
Energetics of the superflare from SGR1806-20 an a possible associated gravitational wave burst
Creators: name: Horvath, J. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss in this Letter the energetics of large gamma-ray superflares observed from Soft-Gamma Repeater sources. The last recorded event has in fact ruled out some models for the energy release. For the first time actual information about a possible associated gravitational wave emission may be gathered from the LIGO data, even in the case that most of the energy was emitted in gamma-rays. Even upper limits on the amplitude of the latter $h$ at the expected frequency $f_{c} \leq 2 kHz$ may be useful to further constrain the remaining mechanisms
description: To appear in Mod. Phys. Lett. A - Two broadband detectors apparently online at the time of the event. Due to more restrictive criteria and slightly different assumptions the figures reported here may differ from actual ones by a small numerical factor. Related paper by Drago, Pagliara and Berezhani added to references
Investigation of pair-correlated $0^+$ states in $^{134}$Ba via the $^{136}$Ba($p,t$) reaction
Creators: name: Ondze, J. C. Nzobadila
name: Rebeiro, B. M.
name: Triambak, S.
name: Atar, L.
name: Ball, G. C.
name: Bildstein, V.
name: Burbadge, C.
name: Varela, A. Diaz
name: Faestermann, T.
name: Garrett, P. E.
name: Hertenberger, R.
name: Kamil, M.
name: Lindsay, R.
name: Orce, J. N.
name: Radich, A.
name: Wirth, H. -F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We performed a high resolution study of $0^{+}$ states in $^{134}$Ba using the $^{136}$Ba($p,t$) two-neutron transfer reaction. Our experiment shows a significant portion of the $L = 0$ pair-transfer strength concentrated at excited $0^+$ levels in $^{134}$Ba. Potential implications in the context of $^{136}$Xe $\to$ $^{136}$Ba neutrinoless double beta decay matrix element calculations are briefly discussed.
SEAMLESS Roadmap towards a transfer to CMEMS (D7.3)
Creators: name: Bertino, Laurent
name: Teruzzi, Anna
name: Nerger, Lars
name: Brasseur, Pierre
name: Wakamatsu, Tsuyoshi
name: Skakala, Jozef
name: Heard, Jessica
name: Ciavatta, Stefano
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The document maps the prospects to include results from SEAMLESS into the operation of the six Monitoring and Forecasting Centers (MFC) of the Copernicus Marine Services. We consider the three Tiers of research and development defined in the Copernicus Marine Services (CMEMS), listed by increasing technical readiness level (TRL):

-          Tier 3: Research and Development of TRL 4-6 requiring more than 3 years of work to reach operations in CMEMS are in the scope of Horizon Europe, ERCs and nationally funded research projects.

-          Tier 2 corresponding to TRL 6-8: Operations are impacted within 2 years of work: Tier 2 is the object of Service Evolution projects financed by CMEMS as separate small-size contracts (typically funding one full-time employee for two years). See for an overview: https://marine.copernicus.eu/about/research-development-projects

-          Tier 1 corresponding to TRL 9: Implementation in operations within 1 year of work. Tier-1 uptake is usually taken care of within the CMEMS MFC contracts, presented during the Design Review meeting the year before its Entry Into Service (EIS).

SEAMLESS is a Tier 3 Research and Development (R&D) activity for CMEMS and the expected outcomes should in principle lead to Tier 2 activities before reaching operations. This however does not preclude some low-hanging fruits to reach operations earlier than expected or the more unexpected difficulties to require another Tier 3 project answering a possibly better formulated scientific question.
Level-rank duality of D-branes on the SU(N) group manifold
Creators: name: Naculich, Stephen G.
name: Schnitzer, Howard J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The consequences of level-rank duality for untwisted D-branes on an SU(N) group manifold are explored. Relations are found between the charges of D-branes (which are classified by twisted K-theory) belonging to su(N)_K and su(K)_N WZW theories, in the case of odd N+K. An isomorphism between the charge algebras is also demonstrated in this case.
description: 15 pages. v2 and v3: references added. v4: proof clarified and minor typos fixed
Superfluidity of Dense $^4$He in Vycor
Creators: name: Khairallah, Saad A.
name: Ceperley, D. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate properties of a model of $^4$He in Vycor using the Path Integral Monte Carlo method. We find that $^4$He forms a distinct layered structure with a highly localized first layer, a disordered second layer with some atoms delocalized and able to give rise to the observed superfluid response, and higher layers nearly perfect crystals. The addition of a single $^3$He atom was enough to bring down the total superfluidity by blocking the exchange in the second layer. Our results are consistent with the persistent liquid layer model to explain the observations. Such a model may be relevant to the experiments on bulk solid $^4$He, if there is a fine network of grain boundaries in those systems.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Anti-de Sitter Quotients: When Are They Black Holes?
Creators: name: Aminneborg, Stefan
name: Bengtsson, Ingemar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We point out that the BTZ black holes, and their relatives, can be defined in a cleaner way than they originally were. The covering space can be taken to be anti-de Sitter space, period, while scri splits up into components due to Misner singularities. Our definition permits us to choose between two conflicting claims concerning BTZ black holes in 3+1 dimensions.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures; minor polish added
Diffraction Limited Imaging Spectroscopy of the SgrA* Region using OSIRIS, a new Keck Instrument
Creators: name: Krabbe, A.
name: Iserlohe, C.
name: Larkin, J. E.
name: Barczys, M.
name: McElwain, M.
name: Weiss, J.
name: Wright, S. A.
name: Quirrenbach, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present diffraction limited spectroscopic observations of an infrared flare associated with the radio source SgrA*. These are the first results obtained with OSIRIS, the new facility infrared imaging spectrograph for the Keck Observatory operated with the laser guide star adaptive optics system. After subtracting the spectrum of precursor emission at the location of Sgr A*, we find the flare has a spectral index of -2.6 +- 0.9. If we do not subtract the precursor light, then our spectral index is consistent with earlier observations by Ghez et al. (2005). All observations published so far suggest that the spectral index is a function of the flare's K-band flux.
description: paper accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Self-consistent Hubbard parameters from density-functional perturbation theory in the ultrasoft and projector-augmented wave formulations
Creators: name: Timrov, Iurii
name: Marzari, Nicola
name: Cococcioni, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The self-consistent evaluation of Hubbard parameters using linear-response theory is crucial for quantitatively predictive calculations based on Hubbard-corrected density-functional theory. Here, we extend a recently-introduced approach based on density-functional perturbation theory (DFPT) for the calculation of the on-site Hubbard $U$ to also compute the inter-site Hubbard $V$. DFPT allows to reduce significantly computational costs, improve numerical accuracy, and fully automate the calculation of the Hubbard parameters by recasting the linear response of a localized perturbation into an array of monochromatic perturbations that can be calculated in the primitive cell. In addition, here we generalize the entire formalism from norm-conserving to ultrasoft and projector-augmented wave formulations, and to metallic ground states. After benchmarking DFPT against the conventional real-space Hubbard linear response in a supercell, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the present extended Hubbard formulation in determining the equilibrium crystal structure of Li$_x$MnPO$_4$ (x=0,1) and the subtle energetics of Li intercalation.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures
Reconstructing networks
Creators: name: Cimini, Giulio
name: Mastrandrea, Rossana
name: Squartini, Tiziano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Complex networks datasets often come with the problem of missing information: interactions data that have not been measured or discovered, may be affected by errors, or are simply hidden because of privacy issues. This Element provides an overview of the ideas, methods and techniques to deal with this problem and that together define the field of network reconstruction. Given the extent of the subject, we shall focus on the inference methods rooted in statistical physics and information theory. The discussion will be organized according to the different scales of the reconstruction task, that is, whether the goal is to reconstruct the macroscopic structure of the network, to infer its mesoscale properties, or to predict the individual microscopic connections.
description: 107 pages, 25 figures
High $p_T$ correlations of $γ$ and charged hadrons at RHIC
Creators: name: Filimonov, Kirill
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Prompt photon production in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions provides a calibrated probe for the study of the properties of high energy density QCD matter. Especially interesting are the measurements of $γ$-tagged jets where the hard scattering scale is known and can be used to determine the partonic energy loss in the dense matter. We discuss the potential of $γ$-jet measurements at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and argue that the observed supression of the away-side correlations for di-jet production in central Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=200 GeV should significantly reduce the backgrounds for the $γ$-jet coincidence measurements.
description: To appear in the proceedings of 21st Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics, Breckenridge, Colorado, 5-12 Feb 2005
NANOGrav Hints to Primordial Black Holes as Dark Matter
Creators: name: De Luca, V.
name: Franciolini, G.
name: Riotto, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The NANOGrav Collaboration has recently published a strong evidence for a stochastic common-spectrum process that may be interpreted as a stochastic gravitational wave background. We show that such a signal can be explained by second-order gravitational waves produced during the formation of primordial black holes from the collapse of sizeable scalar perturbations generated during inflation. This possibility has two predictions: $i$) the primordial black holes may comprise the totality of the dark matter with the dominant contribution to their mass function falling in the range $(10^{-15}÷10^{-11}) M_\odot$ and $ii$) the gravitational wave stochastic background will be seen as well by the LISA experiment.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure. v2 : matching version published in PRL
Controlling collisions of ultracold atoms with dc electric fields
Creators: name: Krems, R. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is demonstrated that elastic collisions of ultracold atoms forming a heteronuclear collision complex can be manipulated by laboratory practicable dc electric fields. The mechanism of electric field control is based on the interaction of the instantaneous dipole moment of the collision pair with external electric fields. It is shown that this interaction is dramatically enhanced in the presence of a p-wave shape or Feshbach scattering resonance near the collision threshold, which leads to novel electric-field-induced Feshbach resonances.
Dimerization in quantum spin chains with $O(n)$ symmetry
Creators: name: Björnberg, Jakob E.
name: Mühlbacher, Peter
name: Nachtergaele, Bruno
name: Ueltschi, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 82B10, 82B20, 82B26

description: We consider quantum spins with $S\geq1$, and two-body interactions with $O(2S+1)$ symmetry. We discuss the ground state phase diagram of the one-dimensional system. We give a rigorous proof of dimerization for an open region of the phase diagram, for $S$ sufficiently large. We also prove the existence of a gap for excitations.
description: 35 pages, 18 figures
Robust super-resolution depth imaging via a multi-feature fusion deep network
Creators: name: Ruget, Alice
name: McLaughlin, Stephen
name: Henderson, Robert K.
name: Gyongy, Istvan
name: Halimi, Abderrahim
name: Leach, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Three-dimensional imaging plays an important role in imaging applications where it is necessary to record depth. The number of applications that use depth imaging is increasing rapidly, and examples include self-driving autonomous vehicles and auto-focus assist on smartphone cameras. Light detection and ranging (LIDAR) via single-photon sensitive detector (SPAD) arrays is an emerging technology that enables the acquisition of depth images at high frame rates. However, the spatial resolution of this technology is typically low in comparison to the intensity images recorded by conventional cameras. To increase the native resolution of depth images from a SPAD camera, we develop a deep network built specifically to take advantage of the multiple features that can be extracted from a camera's histogram data. The network is designed for a SPAD camera operating in a dual-mode such that it captures alternate low resolution depth and high resolution intensity images at high frame rates, thus the system does not require any additional sensor to provide intensity images. The network then uses the intensity images and multiple features extracted from downsampled histograms to guide the upsampling of the depth. Our network provides significant image resolution enhancement and image denoising across a wide range of signal-to-noise ratios and photon levels. We apply the network to a range of 3D data, demonstrating denoising and a four-fold resolution enhancement of depth.
Dependence of related parameters on centrality and mass in a new treatment for transverse momentum spectra in high energy collisions
Creators: name: Yang, Pei-Pin
name: Duan, Mai-Ying
name: Liu, Fu-Hu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We collected the experimental data of transverse momentum spectra of identified particles produced in proton-proton ($p$-$p$), deuteron-gold ($d$-Au or $d$-$A$), gold-gold (Au-Au or $A$-$A$), proton-lead ($p$-Pb or $p$-$A$), and lead-lead (Pb-Pb or $A$-$A$) collisions measured by the ALICE, CMS, LHCb, NA49, NA61/SHINE, PHENIX, and STAR collaborations at different center-of mass energies. The multisource thermal model at the quark level or the participant quark model is used to describe the experimental data. The free parameters, the effective temperature $T$, entropy index-related $n$, and revised index $a_{0}$, in the revised Tsallis--Pareto-type function are extracted at the quark level. In most cases, $T$ and $n$ in central collisions are larger than those in peripheral collisions, and $a_0$ does not change in different centrality classes. With the increase in the mass of produced particle or participant quark, $T$ and $a_0$ increase, and $n$ does not change significantly. The behaviors of related parameters from $p$-$p$, $p(d)$-$A$, and $A$-$A$ collisions are similar.
description: 34 pages, 16 figures. The European Physical Journal A, accepted
The clinical outcomes and effectiveness of antiviral agents among underweight patients with COVID-19
Creators: name: Wu, Jheng-Yan
name: Liu, Mei-Yuan
name: Lee, Mei-Chuan
name: Hung, Kuo-Chuan
name: Hsu, Wan-Hsuan
name: Tsai, Ya-Wen
name: Liu, Ting-Hui
name: Huang, Po-Yu
name: Chuang, Min-Hsiang
name: Tseng, Shu-Ching
name: Lu, Chih-Ying
name: Lai, Chih-Cheng
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: This study investigated the outcomes of underweight patients with COVID-19 and the effectiveness of antiviral agents in this population. A retrospective cohort study using theTriNetX research network was conducted. Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to balance the first cohort involving COVID-19 patients with underweight and normal-weight. In the second cohort, underweight patients receiving antiviral agents and untreated individuals were matched using PSM. The primary outcome was a composite of all-cause hospitalization and death during the 7–30-day follow-up period. After PSM, the first cohort including each group of 13,502 patients with balanced baseline characteristics were identified for comparing the outcome of patients with underweight and normal weight. The underweight group had a higher risk of the composite primary outcome than those with normal weight (hazard ratio [HR], 1.251; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.132–1.382). The second cohort included each 884 underweight patients with and without receiving antivirals.Compared with untreated patients, those receiving antiviral treatment had a lower risk of composite primary outcomes (HR, 0.426; 95% CI, 0.278–0.653). Underweight status may be associated with a higher risk of all-cause hospitalization and death in patients with COVID-19.Among underweight patients, antiviral agents demonstrated clinically beneficial effects.
Parity Doubling and SU(2)_L x SU(2)_R Restoration in the Hadron Spectrum
Creators: name: Jaffe, Robert L.
name: Pirjol, Dan
name: Scardicchio, Antonello
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct the most general nonlinear representation of chiral SU(2)_L x SU(2)_R broken down spontaneously to the isospin SU(2), on a pair of hadrons of same spin and isospin and opposite parity. We show that any such representation is equivalent, through a hadron field transformation, to two irreducible representations on two hadrons of opposite parity with different masses and axial couplings. This implies that chiral symmetry realized in the Nambu-Goldstone mode does not predict the existence of degenerate multiplets of hadrons of opposite parity nor any relations between their couplings or masses.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure; v3: Note added to clarify implications for hadrons that do not couple to pions: Chiral symmetry can be realized linearly on such states, leading to parity doubling. To the extent that they are parity doubled, these hadrons must decouple from pions, a striking prediction that can be tested experimentally. This applies to the work of L. Glozman and collaborators
Indirect Dark Matter Search: Cosmic Positron Fraction Measurement from 1 to 50 GeV with AMS-01
Creators: name: Gast, Henning
name: Olzem, Jan
name: Schael, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new measurement of the cosmic ray positron fraction in the energy range of 1-50 GeV is presented. The measurement is based on data taken by the AMS-01 experiment during its 10 day space shuttle flight in June 1998. A proton background suppression in the order of 10^6 is reached by identifying converted bremsstrahlung photons emitted from electrons and positrons.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, to appear in proceedings to the XLIrst Rencontres de Moriond, electroweak interactions and unified theories, uses moriond.sty
Quantum optomechanical system in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer
Creators: name: Barchielli, Alberto
name: Gregoratti, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider an oscillating micromirror replacing one of the two fixed mirrors of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. In this ideal optical set-up the quantum oscillator is subjected to the radiation pressure interaction of travelling light waves, no cavity is involved. This configuration shows that squeezed light can be generated by pure scattering on a quantum system, without involving a cavity. The squeezing can be detected at the output ports of the interferometer either by direct detection or by measuring the spectrum of the difference current. We use the Hudson-Parthasarathy equation to model the global evolution. It can describe the scattering of photons and the resulting radiation pressure interaction on the quantum oscillator. It allows to consider also the interaction with a thermal bath. In this way we have a unitary dynamics giving the evolution of oscillator and fields. The Bose fields of quantum stochastic calculus and the related generalized Weyl operators allow to describe the whole optical circuit. By working in the Heisenberg picture, the quantum Langevin equations for position and momentum and the output fields arise, which are used to describe the monitoring in continuous time of the light at the output ports. In the case of strong laser and weak radiation pressure interaction highly non-classical light is produced, and this can be revealed either by direct detection (a negative Mandel Q-parameter is found), either by the intensity spectrum of the difference current of two photodetector; in the second case a nearly complete cancellation of the shot noise can be reached. In this last case it appears that the Mach-Zehnder configuration together with the detection of the difference current corresponds to an homodyne detection scheme, so that we can say that the apparatus is measuring the spectrum of squeezing.
description: 26 pages, 4 figures