cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The KBC void and Hubble tension contradict $Λ$CDM on a Gpc scale $-$ Milgromian dynamics as a possible solution
Creators: name: Haslbauer, Moritz
name: Banik, Indranil
name: Kroupa, Pavel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The KBC void is a local underdensity with the observed relative density contrast $δ\equiv 1 - ρ/ρ_{0} = 0.46 \pm 0.06$ between 40 and 300 Mpc around the Local Group. If mass is conserved in the Universe, such a void could explain the $5.3σ$ Hubble tension. However, the MXXL simulation shows that the KBC void causes $6.04σ$ tension with standard cosmology ($Λ$CDM). Combined with the Hubble tension, $Λ$CDM is ruled out at $7.09σ$ confidence. Consequently, the density and velocity distribution on Gpc scales suggest a long-range modification to gravity. In this context, we consider a cosmological MOND model supplemented with $11 \, \rm{eV}/c^{2}$ sterile neutrinos. We explain why this $ν$HDM model has a nearly standard expansion history, primordial abundances of light elements, and cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies. In MOND, structure growth is self-regulated by external fields from surrounding structures. We constrain our model parameters with the KBC void density profile, the local Hubble and deceleration parameters derived jointly from supernovae at redshifts $0.023 - 0.15$, time delays in strong lensing systems, and the Local Group velocity relative to the CMB. Our best-fitting model simultaneously explains these observables at the $1.14\%$ confidence level (${2.53 σ}$ tension) if the void is embedded in a time-independent external field of ${0.055 \, a_{_0}}$. Thus, we show for the first time that the KBC void can naturally resolve the Hubble tension in Milgromian dynamics. Given the many successful a priori MOND predictions on galaxy scales that are difficult to reconcile with $Λ$CDM, Milgromian dynamics supplemented by $11 \, \rm{eV}/c^{2}$ sterile neutrinos may provide a more holistic explanation for astronomical observations across all scales.
description: Published in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 40 pages, 19 figures, 5 tables
The Similarity Hypothesis in General Relativity
Creators: name: Carr, B. J.
name: Coley, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Self-similar models are important in general relativity and other fundamental theories. In this paper we shall discuss the ``similarity hypothesis'', which asserts that under a variety of physical circumstances solutions of these theories will naturally evolve to a self-similar form. We will find there is good evidence for this in the context of both spatially homogenous and inhomogeneous cosmological models, although in some cases the self-similar model is only an intermediate attractor. There are also a wide variety of situations, including critical pheneomena, in which spherically symmetric models tend towards self-similarity. However, this does not happen in all cases and it is it is important to understand the prerequisites for the conjecture.
description: to be submitted to Gen. Rel. Grav
Towards a Precision Determination of alpha in B \to pi pi Decays
Creators: name: Gardner, Susan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An assumption of isospin symmetry permits the determination of sin(2 alpha) from the experimental study of B\to pi pi decays. Isospin, however, is merely an approximate symmetry; its breaking predicates a theoretical systematical error sigma_α^{\rm IB} in the extraction of alpha. We focus on the impact of π^0-η,η^\prime mixing, as well as the manner in which it is amenable to empirical constraint, and determine that σ_α^{\rm IB} can potentially be controlled to {\cal O}(1^\circ).
description: 17 pages, REVTeX, 1 eps figure; some results altered, conclusions unchanged
Tensor Norms and the Classical Communication Complexity of Nonlocal Quantum Measurement
Creators: name: Shi, Yaoyun
name: Zhu, Yufan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We initiate the study of quantifying nonlocalness of a bipartite measurement by the minimum amount of classical communication required to simulate the measurement. We derive general upper bounds, which are expressed in terms of certain tensor norms of the measurement operator. As applications, we show that (a) If the amount of communication is constant, quantum and classical communication protocols with unlimited amount of shared entanglement or shared randomness compute the same set of functions; (b) A local hidden variable model needs only a constant amount of communication to create, within an arbitrarily small statistical distance, a distribution resulted from local measurements of an entangled quantum state, as long as the number of measurement outcomes is constant.
description: A preliminary version of this paper appears as part of an article in Proceedings of the the 37th ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing (STOC 2005), 460--467, 2005
Effect of amplification on conductance distribution of a disordered waveguide
Creators: name: Yamilov, Alexey
name: Cao, Hui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Introduction of optical gain to a disordered system results in enhanced fluctuations [$F_{(2)}=var(\tilde{g})/< \tilde{g} >^2$] of dimensionless conductance $\tilde{g}$, similar to the effect of Anderson localization in passive medium. Using numerical simulations we demonstrate that despite of such qualitative similarity, the whole distribution of conductance of amplifying random media is drastically different from that of passive system with the same value of $F_{(2)}$.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
GRB 160625B: Evidence for a Gaussian-Shaped Jet
Creators: name: Cunningham, Virginia
name: Cenko, S. Bradley
name: Ryan, Geoffrey
name: Vogel, Stuart N.
name: Corsi, Alessandra
name: Cucchiara, Antonino
name: Fruchter, Andrew S.
name: Horesh, Assaf
name: Kangas, Tuomas
name: Kocevski, Daniel
name: Perley, Daniel A.
name: Racusin, Judith
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present multiwavelength modeling of the afterglow from the long gamma-ray burst GRB 160625B using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques of the afterglowpy Python package. GRB 160625B is an extremely bright burst with a rich set of observations spanning from radio to gamma-ray frequencies. These observations range from ~0.1 days to >1000 days, thus making this event extremely well-suited to such modeling. In this work we compare top-hat and Gaussian jet structure types in order to find best fit values for the GRB jet collimation angle, viewing angle, and other physical parameters. We find that a Gaussian-shaped jet is preferred (2.7-5.3 sigma) over the traditional top-hat model. Our estimate for the opening angle of the burst ranges from 1.26 to 3.90 degrees, depending on jet shape model. We also discuss the implications that assumptions on jet shape, viewing angle, and particularly the participation fraction of electrons have on the final estimation of GRB intrinsic energy release and the resulting energy budget of the relativistic outflow. Most notably, allowing the participation fraction to vary results in an estimated total relativistic energy of ~$10^{53}$ erg. This is two orders of magnitude higher than when the total fraction is assumed to be unity, thus this parameter has strong relevance for placing constraints on long GRB central engines, details of the circumburst media, and host environment.
description: 29 pages, 10 figures, accepted by ApJ
Floquet conformal field theories with generally deformed Hamiltonians
Creators: name: Fan, Ruihua
name: Gu, Yingfei
name: Vishwanath, Ashvin
name: Wen, Xueda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we study non-equilibrium dynamics in Floquet conformal field theories (CFTs) in 1+1D, in which the driving Hamiltonian involves the energy-momentum density spatially modulated by an arbitrary smooth function. This generalizes earlier work which was restricted to the sine-square deformed type of Floquet Hamiltonians, operating within a $\mathfrak{sl}_2$ sub-algebra. Here we show remarkably that the problem remains soluble in this generalized case which involves the full Virasoro algebra, based on a geometrical approach. It is found that the phase diagram is determined by the stroboscopic trajectories of operator evolution. The presence/absence of spatial fixed points in the operator evolution indicates that the driven CFT is in a heating/non-heating phase, in which the entanglement entropy grows/oscillates in time. Additionally, the heating regime is further subdivided into a multitude of phases, with different entanglement patterns and spatial distribution of energy-momentum density, which are characterized by the number of spatial fixed points. Phase transitions between these different heating phases can be achieved simply by changing the duration of application of the driving Hamiltonian. We demonstrate the general features with concrete CFT examples and compare the results to lattice calculations and find remarkable agreement.
description: 36 pages, 11 figures
Dispersion Relation Bounds for pi pi Scattering
Creators: name: Manohar, A. V.
name: Mateu, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Axiomatic principles such as analyticity, unitarity and crossing symmetry constrain the second derivative of the pi pi scattering amplitudes in some channels to be positive in a region of the Mandelstam plane. Since this region lies in the domain of validity of chiral perturbation theory, we can use these positivity conditions to bound linear combinations of \bar{l}_1 and \bar{l}_2. We compare our predictions with those derived previously in the literature using similar methods. We compute the one-loop pi pi scattering amplitude in the linear sigma model (LSM) using the MS-bar scheme, a result hitherto absent in the literature. The LSM values for \bar{l}_1 and \bar{l}_2 violate the bounds for small values of m_sigma/m_pi. We show how this can occur, while still being consistent with the axiomatic principles.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures. Two references added, a few minor changes. Published version
Superstatistical Brownian motion
Creators: name: Beck, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As a main example for the superstatistics approach, we study a Brownian particle moving in a d-dimensional inhomogeneous environment with macroscopic temperature fluctuations. We discuss the average occupation time of the particle in spatial cells with a given temperature. The Fokker-Planck equation for this problem becomes a stochastic partial differential equation. We illustrate our results using experimentally measured time series from hydrodynamic turbulence.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures. To appear in the proceedings of the international workshop `Complexity and Nonextensivity', Kyoto, 14-18 March 2005 (Progr. Theor. Phys. Suppl.)
Central charge and renormalization in supersymmetric theories with vortices
Creators: name: Shizuya, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some quantum features of vortices in supersymmetric theories in 1+2 dimensions are studied in a manifestly supersymmetric setting of the superfield formalism. A close examination of the supercurrent that accommodates the central charge and super-Poincare charges in a supermultiplet reveals that there is no genuine quantum anomaly in the supertrace identity and in the supercharge algebra, with the central-charge operator given by the bare Fayet-Iliopoulos term alone. The central charge and the vortex spectrum undergo renormalization on taking the expectation value of the central-charge operator. It is shown that the vortex spectrum is exactly determined at one loop while the spectrum of the elementary excitations receives higher-order corrections.
description: 9 pages, revtex
Lessons Learned From a Citywide Abandoned Housing Experiment
Creators: name: MacDonald, John
name: Jacobowitz, Ahuva
name: Gravel, Jason
name: Smith, Mitchell
name: Stokes, Robert
name: Tam, Vicky
name: South, Eugenia
name: Branas, Charles
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: The negative impact of vacant and abandoned housing in city neighborhoods is extreme, affecting health and quality of life, promoting violence, and leading to further abandonment. One approach to addressing abandoned housing is to intervene with low-cost interventions that provide a visual sense of ownership. We tested whether a low-cost remediation of abandoned and vacant houses or a trash cleanup intervention would make a noticeable difference in the levels of nearby disrepair, disorder, and public safety. The abandoned housing remediation and trash cleanup interventions were a test of compliance with municipal ordinances. We used an experimental design to test the causal effects of the ordinances and because the scale of abandonment was too large to provide treatment to all abandoned houses in the city. We used systematic social observation methods to rate changes in disrepair, disorder, and litter at housing sites and on the city blocks they were located and police-reported data on gun violence and illegal substance use. Our experimental design allowed us to see whether observed disrepair, disorder, and public safety improved after working windows and doors were installed on abandoned houses compared with a trash cleanup around properties or a no-intervention control condition. Our results showed significant changes in observed disrepair, disorder, and gun violence and illustrate the benefits of experimental evaluations of place-based changes to the built environment. Improving compliance with ordinances to remediate abandoned housing can make a noticeable difference in disrepair in neighborhoods and contribute to improved public safety. We illustrate how planners can use field experiments in partnership with city agencies, nonprofit community groups, and local universities to discover novel approaches to advance place-based changes to the built environment that can help economically disadvantaged communities abate problems of physical disorder.
PT-Invariant Periodic Potentials with a Finite Number of Band Gaps
Creators: name: Khare, Avinash
name: Sukhatme, Uday
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain the band edge eigenstates and the mid-band states for the complex, PT-invariant generalized associated Lamé potentials $V^{PT}(x)=-a(a+1)m \sn^2(y,m)-b(b+1)m {\sn^2 (y+K(m),m)} -f(f+1)m {\sn^2 (y+K(m)+iK'(m),m)}-g(g+1)m {\sn^2 (y+iK'(m),m)}$, where $y \equiv ix+β$, and there are four parameters $a,b,f,g$. This work is a substantial generalization of previous work with the associated Lamé potentials $V(x)=a(a+1)m\sn^2(x,m)+b(b+1)m{\sn^2 (x+K(m),m)}$ and their corresponding PT-invariant counterparts $V^{PT}(x)=-V(ix+β)$, both of which involving just two parameters $a,b$. We show that for many integer values of $a,b,f,g$, the PT-invariant potentials $V^{PT}(x)$ are periodic problems with a finite number of band gaps. Further, usingsupersymmetry, we construct several additional, new, complex, PT-invariant, periodic potentials with a finite number of band gaps. We also point out the intimate connection between the above generalized associated Lamé potential problem and Heun's differential equation.
description: 30 pages, 0 figures
Non-Abelian Fermionization and the Landscape of Quantum Hall Phases
Creators: name: Goldman, Hart
name: Sohal, Ramanjit
name: Fradkin, Eduardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent proposal of non-Abelian boson-fermion dualities in 2+1 dimensions, which morally relate $U(k)_N$ to $SU(N)_{-k}$ Chern-Simons-matter theories, presents a new platform for exploring the landscape of non-Abelian quantum Hall states accessible from theories of Abelian composite particles. Here we focus on dualities relating theories of Abelian quantum Hall states of bosons or fermions to theories of non-Abelian "composite fermions" partially filling Landau levels. We show that these dualities predict special filling fractions where both Abelian and non-Abelian composite fermion theories appear capable of hosting distinct topologically ordered ground states, one Abelian and the other a non-Abelian, $U(k)_2$ Blok-Wen state. Rather than being in conflict with the duality, we argue that these results indicate unexpected dynamics in which the infrared and lowest Landau level limits fail to commute across the duality. In such a scenario, the non-Abelian topological order can be destabilized in favor of the Abelian ground state, suggesting the presence of a phase transition between the Abelian and non-Abelian states that is likely to be first order. We also generalize these constructions to other non-Abelian fermion-fermion dualities, in the process obtaining new derivations of a variety of paired composite fermion phases using duality, including the anti-Pfaffian state. Finally, we describe how, in multilayer constructions, excitonic pairing of the composite fermions across $N$ layers can also generate the family of Blok-Wen states with $U(k)_2$ topological order.
description: 34 pages, including two appendices, one figure, and three tables. New version contains light revisions, as well as some additional results and discussion in Section 3.6
Audio recordings of lexical elicitation
Creators: name: Wamarito, Gonzalo
name: Xavante, Silvestre
name: Xavante, Vinícius
name: Carrick, Nicholas
name: Huff, Teela
name: Lapierre, Myriam
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: xav

description: The following list summarizes the corresponding page numbers in the field notes of each of the three researchers.

xav_vinicius_20190624_mjl-nac-trh_1_elicit: MJL 1; NAC 31-34; TRH 34-37
xav_vinicius_20190624_mjl-nac-trh_2_elicit: MJL 2; NAC 34-37; TRH 37-39
xav_vinicius_20190624_mjl-nac-trh_3_elicit: MJL 3-4; NAC 38-42; TRH 40-45
xav_vinicius_20190624_mjl-nac-trh_4_elicit: MJL 5-6; NAC 43-46; TRH 46-47
xav_vinicius_20190625_mjl-nac-trh_5_elicit: MJL 7-8; NAC 47-51; TRH 48-53
xav_vinicius_20190625_mjl-nac-trh_6_elicit: MJL 9-10; NAC 52-57; TRH 54-58
xav_vinicius_20190625_mjl-nac-trh_7_elicit: MJL 11-12; NAC 60-63; TRH 59-61
xav_vinicius_20190625_mjl-nac-trh_8_elicit: MJL 13-15; NAC 64-68; TRH 62-65
Higher-Order Moment-Based Anomaly Detection
Creators: name: Renganathan, Venkatraman
name: Hashemi, Navid
name: Ruths, Justin
name: Summers, Tyler H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The identification of anomalies is a critical component of operating complex, and possibly large-scale and geo-graphically distributed cyber-physical systems. While designing anomaly detectors, it is common to assume Gaussian noise models to maintain tractability; however, this assumption can lead to the actual false alarm rate being significantly higher than expected. Here we design a distributionally robust threshold of detection using finite and fixed higher-order moments of the detection measure data such that it guarantees the actual false alarm rate to be upper bounded by the desired one. Further, we bound the states reachable through the action of a stealthy attack and identify the trade-off between this impact of attacks that cannot be detected and the worst-case false alarm rate. Through numerical experiments, we illustrate how knowledge of higher-order moments results in a tightened threshold, thereby restricting an attacker's potential impact.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1909.12506
Casimir repulsion and metamaterials
Creators: name: Pirozhenko, I. G.
name: Lambrecht, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the conditions for getting the Casimir repulsion between two nonequal plates. The force between plates with magnetic permeability defined by Drude or Lorentz models is calculated. The short and long distance limits of the force are derived. The Casimir set-up with the hypothetical perfect matching metamaterial is discussed. We put into question the possibility of getting repulsion within the design of metamaterials based on metallic inclusions.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures, contributed to 8th Workshop on Quantum Field Theory Under the Influence of External Conditions (QFEXT07), Leipzig, Germany, 17-21 Sep 2007, v2, typos corrected
Scalarized Einstein-Born-Infeld-scalar Black Holes
Creators: name: Wang, Peng
name: Wu, Houwen
name: Yang, Haitang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phenomenon of spontaneous scalarization of Reissner-Nordström (RN) black holes has recently been found in an Einstein-Maxwell-scalar (EMS) model due to a non-minimal coupling between the scalar and Maxwell fields. Non-linear electrodynamics, e.g., Born-Infeld (BI) electrodynamics, generalizes Maxwell's theory in the strong field regime. Non-minimally coupling the BI field to the scalar field, we study spontaneous scalarization of an Einstein-Born-Infeld-scalar (EBIS) model in this paper. It shows that there are two types of scalarized black hole solutions, i.e., scalarized RN-like and Schwarzschild-like solutions. Although the behavior of scalarized RN-like solutions in the EBIS model is quite similar to that of scalarize solutions in the EMS model, we find that there exist significant differences between scalarized Schwarzschild-like solutions in the EBIS model and scalarized solutions in the EMS model. In particular, the domain of existence of scalarized Schwarzschild-like solutions possesses a certain region, which is composed of two branches. The branch of larger horizon area is a family of disconnected scalarized solutions, which do not bifurcate from scalar-free black holes. However, the branch of smaller horizon area may or may not bifurcate from scalar-free black holes depending on the parameters. Additionally, these two branches of scalarized solutions can be both entropically disfavored over comparable scalar-free black holes in some parameter region.
description: v1: 27 pages, 7 figures; v2: 27 pages, 7 figures, references added
Stability Constrained Characterization of Multiplanet Systems
Creators: name: Tamayo, Daniel
name: Gilbertson, Christian
name: Foreman-Mackey, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many discovered multiplanet systems are tightly packed. This implies that wide parameter ranges in masses and orbital elements can be dynamically unstable and ruled out. We present a case study of Kepler-23, a compact three-planet system where constraints from stability, transit timing variations (TTVs), and transit durations can be directly compared. We find that in this tightly packed system, stability can place upper limits on the masses and orbital eccentricities of the bodies that are comparable to or tighter than current state of the art methods. Specifically, stability places 68% upper limits on the orbital eccentricities of 0.09, 0.04, and 0.05 for planets $b$, $c$ and $d$, respectively. These constraints correspond to radial velocity signals $\lesssim 20$ cm/s, are significantly tighter to those from transit durations, and comparable to those from TTVs. Stability also yields 68% upper limits on the masses of planets $b$, $c$ and $d$ of 2.2, 16.1, and 5.8 $M_\oplus$, respectively, which were competitive with TTV constraints for the inner and outer planets. Performing this stability constrained characterization is computationally expensive with N-body integrations. We show that SPOCK, the Stability of Planetary Orbital Configurations Klassifier, is able to faithfully approximate the N-body results over 4000 times faster. We argue that such stability constrained characterization of compact systems is a challenging "needle-in-a-haystack" problem (requiring removal of 2500 unstable configurations for every stable one for our adopted priors) and we offer several practical recommendations for such stability analyses.
description: Responded to minor referee comments. Repository with notebooks to reproduce figures / for analysis of new systems at https://github.com/dtamayo/Stability-Priors
Triaxial rigidity of $^{166}$Er and its Bohr-model realization
Creators: name: Tsunoda, Yusuke
name: Otsuka, Takaharu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The triaxial nature of low-lying rotational bands of $^{166}$Er is presented from the viewpoint of the Bohr Hamiltonian and from that of many-fermion calculations by the Monte Carlo shell model and the constrained Hartree-Fock method with projections. A recently proposed novel picture of those bands suggests definite triaxial shapes of those bands, in contrast to the traditional view with the prolate ground-state band and the $γ$-vibrational excited band. Excitation level energies and E2 transitions can be described well by the Bohr Hamiltonian and by the many-fermion approaches, where rather rigid triaxiality plays vital roles, although certain fluctuations occur in shell-model wave functions. Based on the potential energy surfaces with the projections, we show how the triaxial rigidity appears and what the softness of the triaxiality implies. The excitation to the so-called double $γ$-phonon state is discussed briefly.
A multiscale Molecular Dynamics approach to Contact Mechanics
Creators: name: Yang, C.
name: Tartaglino, U.
name: Persson, B. N. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The friction and adhesion between elastic bodies are strongly influenced by the roughness of the surfaces in contact. Here we develop a multiscale molecular dynamics approach to contact mechanics, which can be used also when the surfaces have roughness on many different length-scales, e.g., for self affine fractal surfaces. As an illustration we consider the contact between randomly rough surfaces, and show that the contact area varies linearly with the load for small load. We also analyze the contact morphology and the pressure distribution at different magnification, both with and without adhesion. The calculations are compared with analytical contact mechanics models based on continuum mechanics.
description: Format Revtex4, two columns, 13 pages, 19 pictures. Submitted for publication in the European Physical Journal E. Third revision with minimal changes: Corrected a few mistyping
The ATLAS Fast TracKer system
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ATLAS Fast TracKer (FTK) was designed to provide full tracking for the ATLAS high-level trigger by using pattern recognition based on Associative Memory (AM) chips and fitting in high-speed field programmable gate arrays. The tracks found by the FTK are based on inputs from all modules of the pixel and silicon microstrip trackers. The as-built FTK system and components are described, as is the online software used to control them while running in the ATLAS data acquisition system. Also described is the simulation of the FTK hardware and the optimization of the AM pattern banks. An optimization for long-lived particles with large impact parameter values is included. A test of the FTK system with the data playback facility that allowed the FTK to be commissioned during the shutdown between Run 2 and Run 3 of the LHC is reported. The resulting tracks from part of the FTK system covering a limited $η$-$ϕ$ region of the detector are compared with the output from the FTK simulation. It is shown that FTK performance is in good agreement with the simulation.
description: 64 pages in total, author list starting page 48, 31 figures, 2 tables, published in JINST. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/TDAQ-2019-02/
Addressing Cold Start in Recommender Systems with Hierarchical Graph Neural Networks
Creators: name: Maksimov, Ivan
name: Rivera-Castro, Rodrigo
name: Burnaev, Evgeny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recommender systems have become an essential instrument in a wide range of industries to personalize the user experience. A significant issue that has captured both researchers' and industry experts' attention is the cold start problem for new items. In this work, we present a graph neural network recommender system using item hierarchy graphs and a bespoke architecture to handle the cold start case for items. The experimental study on multiple datasets and millions of users and interactions indicates that our method achieves better forecasting quality than the state-of-the-art with a comparable computational time.
description: V2 with multiple changes
5G Embraces Satellites for 6G Ubiquitous IoT: Basic Models for Integrated Satellite Terrestrial Networks
Creators: name: Fang, Xinran
name: Feng, Wei
name: Wei, Te
name: Chen, Yunfei
name: Ge, Ning
name: Wang, Cheng-Xiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Terrestrial communication networks mainly focus on users in urban areas but have poor coverage performance in harsh environments, such as mountains, deserts, and oceans. Satellites can be exploited to extend the coverage of terrestrial fifth-generation (5G) networks. However, satellites are restricted by their high latency and relatively low data rate. Consequently, the integration of terrestrial and satellite components has been widely studied, to take advantage of both sides and enable seamless broadband coverage. Due to the significant differences between satellite communications (SatComs) and terrestrial communications (TerComs) in terms of channel fading, transmission delay, mobility, and coverage performance, the establishment of an efficient hybrid satellite-terrestrial network (HSTN) still faces many challenges. In general, it is difficult to decompose a HSTN into a sum of separate satellite and terrestrial links due to the complicated coupling relationships therein. To uncover the complete picture of HSTNs, we regard the HSTN as a combination of basic cooperative models that contain the main traits of satellite-terrestrial integration but are much simpler and thus more tractable than the large-scale heterogeneous HSTNs. In particular, we present three basic cooperative models, i.e., model X, model L, and model V, and provide a survey of the state-of-the-art technologies for each of them. We discuss future research directions towards establishing a cell-free, hierarchical, decoupled HSTN. We also outline open issues to envision an agile, smart, and secure HSTN for the sixth-generation (6G) ubiquitous Internet of Things (IoT).
Analytical Results for Cold Asymmetrical Fermion Superfluids at the Mean-Field Level
Creators: name: Su, Wang-Chang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the analytical results at the mean-field level for the asymmetrical fermion system with attractive contact interaction at the zero temperature. The results can be expressed in terms of linear combinations of the elliptic integrals of the first and second kinds. In the limit of small gap parameter, we discuss how the asymmetry in fermion species affects the phases of the ground state. In the limit of large gap parameter, we show that two candidate phases are competing for the system's ground state. The Sarma phase containing a pure Fermi fluid and a mixed condensate is favored at large degree of asymmetry. The separated phase consisting of a pure Fermi fluid and a boson condensate supports the system at smaller degree of asymmetry. The two phases are degenerate in the limit of infinite pairing gap.
description: 23 pages, no figure
Epidemic Dynamics via Wavelet Theory and Machine Learning, with Applications to Covid-19
Creators: name: Dat, Tô Tat
name: Frédéric, Protin
name: Hang, Nguyen T. T.
name: Jules, Martel
name: Thang, Nguyen Duc
name: Piffault, Charles
name: Willy, Rodríguez
name: Susely, Figueroa
name: Lê, Hông Vân
name: Tuschmann, Wilderich
name: Zung, Nguyen Tien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce the concept of epidemic-fitted wavelets which comprise, in particular, as special cases the number $I(t)$ of infectious individuals at time $t$ in classical SIR models and their derivatives. We present a novel method for modelling epidemic dynamics by a model selection method using wavelet theory and, for its applications, machine learning based curve fitting techniques. Our universal models are functions that are finite linear combinations of epidemic-fitted wavelets. We apply our method by modelling and forecasting, based on the John Hopkins University dataset, the spread of the current Covid-19 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic in France, Germany, Italy and the Czech Republic, as well as in the US federal states New York and Florida.
description: References added, typos fixed, projections updated, minor mistakes corrected
Xavante Field Materials
Creators: name: Wamarito, Gonzalo
name: Xavante, Sidanere
name: Xavante, Silvestre
name: Xavante, Utebrewê
name: Xavante, Vinícius
name: Carrick, Nicholas
name: Huff, Teela
name: Lapierre, Myriam
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020

description: Sound recordings and field notes.
Existential loss in the context of Motor Neurone Disease: A hermeneutic phenomenological study
Creators: name: Harris, Denise Andrea
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: Research suggests that people diagnosed with motor neurone disease (MND) of all types are experiencing 'existential loss' defined as: loss of past ways of being, loss of embodiment, loss of spatiality, and loss of future.
Dynamics of quantum spin chains and multi-fermion excitation continua
Creators: name: Derzhko, O.
name: Krokhmalskii, T.
name: Stolze, J.
name: Müller, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the Jordan-Wigner representation to study dynamic quantities for the spin-1/2 XX chain in a transverse magnetic field. We discuss in some detail the properties of the four-fermion excitation continuum which is probed by the dynamic trimer structure factor.
description: Presented at the SCES '05 - The International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (Vienna, July 26-30, 2005)
Centre Orthodoxe du Patriarcat Oecuménique: La Théologie dans l'Eglise et dans le Monde
Creators: name: Schwarz, Klaus
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 35 Nr. 3 (1986): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 35, Heft 3
Search for gravitational waves from galactic and extra--galactic binary neutron stars
Creators: name: LIGO Scientific Collaboration
name: Abbott, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use 373 hours ($\approx$ 15 days) of data from the second science run of the LIGO gravitational-wave detectors to search for signals from binary neutron star coalescences within a maximum distance of about 1.5 Mpc, a volume of space which includes the Andromeda Galaxy and other galaxies of the Local Group of galaxies. This analysis requires a signal to be found in data from detectors at the two LIGO sites, according to a set of coincidence criteria. The background (accidental coincidence rate) is determined from the data and is used to judge the significance of event candidates. No inspiral gravitational wave events were identified in our search. Using a population model which includes the Local Group, we establish an upper limit of less than 47 inspiral events per year per Milky Way equivalent galaxy with 90% confidence for non-spinning binary neutron star systems with component masses between 1 and 3 $M_\odot$.
description: 20 pages, 12 figures, to be submitted to Phys. Rev. D
Characteristics and Production Costs of U.S. Peanut Farms, 1991
Creators: name: Brooks, Nora L.
name: Brooks, Nora L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Production Economics

description: Producing a pound of peanuts cost U.S. farmers 15.2 cents in variable cash expenses in 1991. Individual farm costs ranged from about 3 cents per pound to more than 72 cents. The Southeast region (Alabama, Florida, and Georgia) had the largest proportions of production and farms, but the Virginia-Carolina region had the highest yields and lowest variable cash expenses per pound. Roughly a third of producers in the Virginia-Carolina region were in the low-cost group while more than a third of producers in the Southern Plains (Oklahoma and Texas) were in the high-cost group. Operator characteristics also contributed to the distinction between high- and low-cost producers. A higher percentage of high cost producers were age 65 or over. High-cost producers were more likely to have primary occupations other than farming.
Invariant Measures and Maximal L^2 Regularity for Nonautonomous Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Equations
Creators: name: Geissert, Matthias
name: Lunardi, Alessandra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47D06; 47F05; 35B65

description: We characterize the domain of the realization of the linear parabolic operator Gu := u_t + L(t)u (where, for each real t, L(t) is an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck operator), in L^2 spaces with respect to a suitable measure, that is invariant for the associated evolution semigroup. As a byproduct, we obtain optimal L^2 regularity results for evolution equations with time-depending Ornstein-Uhlenbeck operators.
$C$-parameter hadronisation in the symmetric 3-jet limit and impact on $α_s$ fits
Creators: name: Luisoni, Gionata
name: Monni, Pier Francesco
name: Salam, Gavin P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hadronisation corrections are crucial in extractions of the strong coupling constant ($α_s$) from event-shape distributions at lepton colliders. Although their dynamics cannot be understood rigorously using perturbative methods, their dominant effect on physical observables can be estimated in singular configurations sensitive to the emission of soft radiation. The differential distributions of some event-shape variables, notably the $C$ parameter, feature two such singular points. We analytically compute the leading non-perturbative correction in the symmetric three-jet limit for the $C$ parameter, and find that it differs by more than a factor of two from the known result in the two-jet limit. We estimate the impact of this result on strong coupling extractions, considering a range of functions to interpolate the hadronisation correction in the region between the 2 and 3-jet limits. Fitting data from ALEPH and JADE, we find that most interpolation choices increase the extracted $α_s$, with effects of up to $4\%$ relative to standard fits. This brings a new perspective on the long-standing discrepancy between certain event-shape $α_s$ fits and the world average.
description: Fixed typo in elliptic integrals, numerical results unaffected. Journal version
A music box on the palms
Creators: name: Pinho-Costa, Luís
name: Azevedo, Pedro
name: Hélder Sousa
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: Palmoplantar filiform hyperkeratosis consists of multiple millimetric hyperkeratotic spicules on the palms and/or soles, resembling the spines of an old fashioned music box cylinder. This abnormal pattern of keratinization has been reported in five dozen cases: some are hereditary but most are acquired and idiopathic. It is often asymptomatic but aesthetically awkward; its medical relevance builds upon the hypothesis that it is a cutaneous marker of malignancy and several other diseases. While the malignant potential and mechanisms are not clear and causal relationship is dubious, screening for systemic disease and cancer (gastrointestinal, lung and breast cancer) has been suggested.

We hereby report a case of acquired palmoplantar filiform hyperkeratosis with no known underlying disease. Management of this rare condition involves mechanical debridement, maintenance treatment with topical emollients and keratolytics, and awareness of potential underlying disease. Beyond referral of suspect lesions, family doctors are in a privileged position to find afflicted relatives and to provide long-term follow-up. As skin lesions may precede the diagnosis of “associated” diseases, regular medical monitoring and tight cancer screening may be useful for early diagnosis but there are also iatrogenic risks to consider. As the patients’ advocates, family doctors should be plain about such caveats and tailor their strategies to each individual patient.
Changes in the fisheries of Lake Malawi, 1976-1996: ecosystem-based analysis
Creators: name: Nsiku, Edward
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Lake Malawi is one of the most species-rich freshwater bodies in the world. Conservation of aquatic resources in the lake, however, competes with the need to provide for food and livelihood for a majority of adjacent fishing communities. The lake is therefore impacted by both anthropogenic and environmental factors. This study looks at the changes in the fisheries of Lake Malawi between 1976 and 1996 using ecosystem-based analyses. Four analyses are carried out. First, the fisheries are evaluated by using a rapid appraisal technique, 'Rapfish', to assess their health status in sustainability terms. Second, a new Ecopath model is constructed to show the trophic structure of the Lake Malawi ecosystem. Third, maximum lengths and trophic levels are analysed to establish the extent of decline in fish size. Finally, alternative policies for exploiting the lake are explored using the Ecosim, which is an ecosystem simulation routine. Application of the rapid appraisal technique on the species-based fisheries shows that the health status has worsened with time. It shows further that the gear-based fisheries are healthier when the operation level is small rather than large. Twenty-six trophic groups are quantified in the Ecopath model and three of these, lakefly Chaoborus edulis, Engraulicypris sardella larvae and predatory zooplankton Mesocyclops aequatorialis, form the main pathway through which energy flows from the bottom to top trophic levels in the lake's ecosystem. The trophic structure of Lake Malawi deteriorated over time. Detritus is less important in the lake's energy flow. Maturity of the lake ecosystem is between early and middle stages. Both mean maximum length and trophic level of fish caught in the lake declined with time. However, decline in the latter is masked by the decrease in catches of more herbivorous fish with low trophic levels and an increase in landing of small sized fish with high trophic levels. The traditional sector influences the lake's fisheries and ecosystem more than the commercial sector. A number of species-based fisheries, apart from Chambo Oreochromis spp. are exploited at above their maximum sustainable levels.
Deterministic generation of multidimensional photonic cluster states using time-delay feedback
Creators: name: Shi, Yu
name: Waks, Edo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cluster states are useful in many quantum information processing applications. In particular, universal measurement-based quantum computation (MBQC) utilizes 2D cluster states, and topologically fault-tolerant MBQC requires cluster states with three or higher dimensions. This work proposes a protocol to deterministically generate multidimensional photonic cluster states using a single atom-cavity system and time-delay feedback. The dimensionality of the cluster state increases linearly with the number of time-delay feedback. We firstly give a diagrammatic derivation of the tensor network states, which is valuable in simulating matrix product states and projected entangled pair states generated from sequential photons. Our method also provides a simple way to bridge and analyze the experimental imperfections and the logical errors of the generated states. In this method, we analyze the generated cluster states under realistic experimental conditions and address both one-qubit and two-qubit errors. Through numerical simulation, we observe an optimal atom-cavity cooperativity for the fidelity of the generated states, which is surprising given the prevailing assumption that higher cooperativity systems are inherently better for photonic applications.
description: 14 pages, 11 figures