cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Portraying Double Higgs at the Large Hadron Collider II
Creators: name: Huang, Li
name: Kang, Su-beom
name: Kim, Jeong Han
name: Kong, Kyoungchul
name: Pi, Jun Seung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Higgs potential is vital to understand the electroweak symmetry breaking mechanism, and probing the Higgs self-interaction is arguably one of the most important physics targets at current and upcoming collider experiments. In particular, the triple Higgs coupling may be accessible at the HL-LHC by combining results in multiple channels, which motivates to study all possible decay modes for the double Higgs production. In this paper, we revisit the double Higgs production at the HL-LHC in the final state with two $b$-tagged jets, two leptons and missing transverse momentum. We focus on the performance of various neural network architectures with different input features: low-level (four momenta), high-level (kinematic variables) and image-based. We find it possible to bring a modest increase in the signal sensitivity over existing results via careful optimization of machine learning algorithms making a full use of novel kinematic variables.
description: 43 pages, 18 figures, 3 tables, matched publish version
Approximating Bayes in the 21st Century
Creators: name: Martin, Gael M.
name: Frazier, David T.
name: Robert, Christian P.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Econometric and statistical methods
Econometrics not elsewhere classified

description: The 21st century has seen an enormous growth in the development and use of approximate Bayesian methods. Such methods produce computational solutions to certain `intractable' statistical problems that challenge exact methods like Markov chain Monte Carlo: for instance, models with unavailable likelihoods, high-dimensional models, and models featuring large data sets. These approximate methods are the subject of this review. The aim is to help new researchers in particular -- and more generally those interested in adopting a Bayesian approach to empirical work -- distinguish between different approximate techniques; understand the sense in which they are approximate; appreciate when and why particular methods are useful; and see the ways in which they can can be combined.
Post-Traumatic Stress Outcomes in Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Survivors
Creators: name: Zimmerman, Sheryl
name: Williams, Christianna S.
name: Smith, Sophia K.
name: Clipp, Elizabeth C.
name: Preisser, John S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: A large body of evidence suggests that being diagnosed with and treated for cancer adversely affects functioning and quality of life, yet less is known about longer term outcomes. Therefore, this study aims to estimate the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in survivors of adult non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) who are at least 2 years postdiagnosis and identify the risk factors associated with PTSD symptoms, with a focus on those that are amenable for screening and modifiable.
Racial Differences in Clinical Outcomes From Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of CALGB 9342 and 9840—Cancer and Leukemia Group B
Creators: name: Bakri, Kamal
name: Norton, Larry
name: Marcom, Kelly
name: Seidman, Andrew
name: Polite, Blase N.
name: Fleming, Gini F.
name: Cirrincione, Constance
name: Winer, Eric P.
name: Berry, Donald A.
name: Muss, Hyman
name: Shapiro, Charles
name: Hudis, Clifford
name: Lake, Diana
name: Schwartz, Joel H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: African American women are more likely to be diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer at the time of presentation than whites, and have shorter survival once diagnosed. This study examines racial differences in clinical outcomes in the setting of two large cooperative group randomized clinical trials.
Temperature mapping of stacked silicon dies from x-ray diffraction intensities
Creators: name: Chalise, Darshan
name: Kenesei, Peter
name: Shastri, Sarvjit D.
name: Cahill, David G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Increasing power densities in integrated circuits has led to an increased prevalence of thermal hotspots in integrated circuits. Tracking these thermal hotspots is imperative to prevent circuit failures. In 3D integrated circuits, conventional surface techniques like infrared thermometry are unable to measure 3D temperature distribution and optical and magnetic resonance techniques are difficult to apply due to the presence of metals and large current densities. X-rays offer high penetration depth and can be used to probe 3D structures. We report a method utilizing the temperature dependence of x-rays diffraction intensity via the Debye-Waller factor to simultaneously map the temperature of an individual silicon die that is a part of a stack of dies. Utilizing beamline 1-ID-E at the Advanced Photon Source (Argonne), we demonstrate for each individual silicon die, a temperature resolution of 3 K, a spatial resolution of 100 um x 400 um and a temporal resolution of 20 s. Utilizing a sufficiently high intensity laboratory source, e.g., from a liquid anode source, this method can be scaled down to laboratories for non-invasive temperature mapping of 3D integrated circuits.
Two-dimensional models of the magnetic-field enhancement at pit and bump
Creators: name: Kubo, Takayuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Formulae of magnetic field enhancement at a two-dimensional semi-elliptical bump and a two-dimensional pit with chamfered edges are derived by using the method of conformal mapping. The latter can be regarded as an approximated model of the two-dimensional pit with round edges.
description: 3 pages, 3 figures, the 5th International Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC14), Dresden, Germany, 15-20 June, 2014
Ultra-Low Frequency Gravitational Waves from Massive Clusters at z~1
Creators: name: Wendt, David K.
name: Romani, Roger W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent progress with pulsar timing array experiments, especially from the NANOGrav collaboration indicate that we are on the cusp of detecting significant signals from the inspiral of super-massive black hole binaries (SMBHB). While recent analysis has focused on nearby galaxies as possible sources of the loudest signals, we show that mergers in identified clusters at z~1 can have larger strain amplitudes. We make an estimate comparing the nearby 2MASS redshift survey galaxy sample with the more distant MaDCoWS cluster sample, showing that the latter might be expected to contribute more, and louder, gravitational wave events. Thus the first individual source detections may well be from ultra-massive BH in clusters at z~1, rather than nearby galaxies.
description: 7 pages, to Appear in the Astrophysical Journal
Local tests of global entanglement and a counterexample to the generalized area law
Creators: name: Aharonov, Dorit
name: Harrow, Aram W.
name: Landau, Zeph
name: Nagaj, Daniel
name: Szegedy, Mario
name: Vazirani, Umesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a technique for applying quantum expanders in a distributed fashion, and use it to solve two basic questions: testing whether a bipartite quantum state shared by two parties is the maximally entangled state and disproving a generalized area law. In the process these two questions which appear completely unrelated turn out to be two sides of the same coin. Strikingly in both cases a constant amount of resources are used to verify a global property.
description: 21 pages, to appear FOCS 2014
Spectral Form Factor of a Quantum Spin Glass
Creators: name: Winer, Michael
name: Barney, Richard
name: Baldwin, Christopher L.
name: Galitski, Victor
name: Swingle, Brian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is widely expected that systems which fully thermalize are chaotic in the sense of exhibiting random-matrix statistics of their energy level spacings, whereas integrable systems exhibit Poissonian statistics. In this paper, we investigate a third class: spin glasses. These systems are partially chaotic but do not achieve full thermalization due to large free energy barriers. We examine the level spacing statistics of a canonical infinite-range quantum spin glass, the quantum $p$-spherical model, using an analytic path integral approach. We find statistics consistent with a direct sum of independent random matrices, and show that the number of such matrices is equal to the number of distinct metastable configurations -- the exponential of the spin glass "complexity" as obtained from the quantum Thouless-Anderson-Palmer equations. We also consider the statistical properties of the complexity itself and identify a set of contributions to the path integral which suggest a Poissonian distribution for the number of metastable configurations. Our results show that level spacing statistics can probe the ergodicity-breaking in quantum spin glasses and provide a way to generalize the notion of spin glass complexity beyond models with a semi-classical limit.
description: 38 pages, comments welcome
Gravitational radiation from compact binaries in scalar-tensor gravity
Creators: name: Lang, Ryan N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: General relativity (GR) has been extensively tested in the solar system and in binary pulsars, but never in the strong-field, dynamical regime. Soon, gravitational-wave (GW) detectors like Advanced LIGO and eLISA will be able to probe this regime by measuring GWs from inspiraling and merging compact binaries. One particularly interesting alternative to GR is scalar-tensor gravity. We present progress in the calculation of second post-Newtonian (2PN) gravitational waveforms for inspiraling compact binaries in a general class of scalar-tensor theories. The waveforms are constructed using a standard GR method known as "direct integration of the relaxed Einstein equations," appropriately adapted to the scalar-tensor case. We find that differences from general relativity can be characterized by a reasonably small number of parameters. Among the differences are new hereditary terms which depend on the past history of the source. In one special case, binary black hole systems, we find that the waveform is indistinguishable from that of general relativity. In another, mixed black hole-neutron star systems, all differences from GR can be characterized by only a single parameter.
description: 7 pages, submitted to the proceedings of the 10th International LISA Symposium
Multi-epoch detections of the extended atmosphere and transmission spectra of KELT-9b with a 1.5 m telescope
Creators: name: Lowson, Nataliea
name: Zhou, George
name: Wright, Duncan J.
name: Huang, Chelsea X.
name: Mendonca, Joao M.
name: Cabot, Samuel H. C.
name: Pudmenzky, Christa
name: Wittenmyer, Robert A.
name: Latham, David W.
name: Bieryla, Allyson
name: Esquerdo, Gilbert A.
name: Berlind, Perry
name: Calkins, Michael L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Irradiated Jovian atmospheres are complex, dynamic, and can undergo temporal variations due to the close proximity of their parent stars. Of the Jovian planets that have been catalogued to date, KELT-9b is the hottest Gas Giant known, with an equilibrium temperature of 4050 K. We probe the temporal variability of transmission spectroscopic signatures from KELT-9b via a set of archival multi-year ground-based transit observations, performed with the TRES facility on the 1.5 m reflector at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory. Our observations confirm past detections of Fe I, Fe II and Mg I over multiple epochs, in addition to excess absorption at H-alpha, which is an indicator for ongoing mass-loss. From our multi-year dataset, the H-alpha light curve consistently deviates from a standard transit, and follows a 'W' shape that is deeper near ingress and egress, and shallower mid-transit. To search for and quantify any seasonal variations that may be present, we parameterise a 'cometary tail' model to fit for the H-alpha transit. We find no detectable variations between the different observed epochs. Though a 'cometary tail' describes the H-alpha flux variations well, we note that such a scenario requires a high density of neutral hydrogen in the n = 2 excited state far beyond the planetary atmosphere. Other scenarios, such as centre-to-limb variations larger than that expected from 1-D atmosphere models, may also contribute to the observed H-alpha transit shape. These multi-epoch observations highlight the capabilities of small telescopes to provide temporal monitoring of the dynamics of exoplanet atmospheres.
description: 19 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in AJ
Low-temperature processing of porous zinc-oxide for flexible sensing applications
Creators: name: Huang, Jeff
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: Three-dimensional nanostructured networks are proposed as a means of substantially improving functional materials through a combination of maximised surface area, and exceptional morphological connectivity. The formation of nanoscale junctions (i.e., primary bonds) between constituent nanostructures facilitates tremendous enhancements to interfacial conductivity and structural integrity, thereby offering magnitudes of improvement over the pristine morphologies formed by weak Van der Waals contacts. However, integration with temperature sensitive polymers, and thin metal electrodes in wearable devices preclude the use of conventional approaches such as thermal sintering. This work investigates the use of solvent vapour as a low-temperature means of rapidly eliciting high-quality nanojunctions in highly porous zinc-oxide nanoparticle networks. The proposed method is an effortless, inexpensive, and easily scalable processing strategy, capable of generating interparticle necking in the matter of minutes. In testing as a UV photodetector at a low operation bias of 1 V, the vapour enhanced network produced a 128,000-fold improvement in responsivity (20.6 A/W at 365 nm, 1 μW/cm²) over the pristine structure, and a 5300-fold improvement over a thermally produced network; meanwhile maintaining exceptionally low dark currents (~143 pA). The low temperature synthesis and exceptional performance further suggest high potential adaptability of this material as a wearable UV sensor.
title: Impossivelmente: sobre a crise e a política em Guimarães Rosa
Creators: name: Bier, Felipe
Publisher: name: Roma Tre-Press
Year: 2013

description: Resumo:

Este trabalho tentará percorrer os caminhos criativos de Grande sertão: veredas de modo a evidenciar como o autor faz confluírem dois vetores de modernização: aquele que tensiona as relações rurais do sertão brasileiro e outro que faz este conteúdo tocar o funcionamento íntimo da lei moderna. Postando-se no umbral da norma, à literatura rosiana seria possibilitado o mergulho nos dilemas da representação moderna, forjando-lhe uma terceira margem da potência representacional, que ao tomar para si a tarefa de fazer a palavra emergir como que de seu lugar de nascimento, coloca sob nova relação as formas do possível (a política e a palavra representadas) e do impossível (a política e a palavra imediatas). Através desta conjugação do possível e do impossível, Guimarães Rosa faria da crise a abertura de um novo horizonte político.

Abstract:

This work will try to follow Grande sertão: veredas’s creative paths to reveal the ways by which the author gathers two historical lines of force: the first one that can be described as a force that stresses the rural relations of the Brazilian sertão, and a second one that makes this literary content touch the intimate functioning of modern law. By placing itself on the edge of modern law, Rosa’s work apprehends the potency that animates it, giving it a new use. This is a way of understanding how Grande sertão: veredas can combine, without any contradiction, the possible forms of politics and literary representation with its impossible forms, as imagined in an immediate use of politics and literary word. By combining the possible with the impossible, Guimarães Rosa turns crises into the opening of a new political horizon.
description: KRYPTON – VOL.1 – 2013 – APOLOGIE
Conjugated Equine Estrogen Influence on Mammographic Density in Postmenopausal Women in a Substudy of the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Trial
Creators: name: Chlebowski, Rowan T.
name: Pisano, Etta D.
name: Johnson, Karen C.
name: Wallace, Robert B.
name: Peck, Jennifer David
name: Wang, C.Y.
name: Vitolins, Mara Z.
name: Martin, Christopher
name: Manson, JoAnn E.
name: Heiss, Gerardo
name: McTiernan, Anne
name: Aragaki, Aaron
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Increased mammographic density is associated with increased breast cancer risk and reduced sensitivity of screening mammography and is related to hormone exposure. However, the effects of conjugated equine estrogens (CEEs) alone on mammographic density in diverse racial/ethnic populations are not established. We examined the effect of CEE alone on mammographic density in a subsample of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) clinical trial participants.
The formal seesaw mechanism of Majorana neutrinos with unbroken gauge symmetry
Creators: name: Xing, Zhi-zhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reformulate the canonical seesaw mechanism in the case that the electroweak gauge symmetry is unbroken, and show that it can "formally" work and allow us to derive an exact seesaw formula for the light and heavy Majorana neutrinos. We elucidate the reason why there is a mismatch between the mass eigenstates of heavy Majorana neutrinos associated with thermal leptogenesis and those associated with the seesaw framework, and establish the exact and explicit relations between the "original" and "derivational" seesaw parameters by using an Euler-like parametrization of the $6\times 6$ active-sterile flavor mixing matrix.
description: 18 pages. The title changed, more discussions and references added, accepted for publication in NPB
Primary User Traffic Classification in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks
Creators: name: Liu, Chun-Hao
name: Pawełczak, Przemysław
name: Cabric, Danijela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper focuses on analytical studies of the primary user (PU) traffic classification problem. Observing that the gamma distribution can represent positively skewed data and exponential distribution (popular in communication networks performance analysis literature) it is considered here as the PU traffic descriptor. We investigate two PU traffic classifiers utilizing perfectly measured PU activity (busy) and inactivity (idle) periods: (i) maximum likelihood classifier (MLC) and (ii) multi-hypothesis sequential probability ratio test classifier (MSPRTC). Then, relaxing the assumption on perfect period measurement, we consider a PU traffic observation through channel sampling. For a special case of negligible probability of PU state change in between two samplings, we propose a minimum variance PU busy/idle period length estimator. Later, relaxing the assumption of the complete knowledge of the parameters of the PU period length distribution, we propose two PU traffic classification schemes: (i) estimate-then-classify (ETC), and (ii) average likelihood function (ALF) classifiers considering time domain fluctuation of the PU traffic parameters. Numerical results show that both MLC and MSPRTC are sensitive to the periods measurement errors when the distance among distribution hypotheses is small, and to the distribution parameter estimation errors when the distance among hypotheses is large. For PU traffic parameters with a partial prior knowledge of the distribution, the ETC outperforms ALF when the distance among hypotheses is small, while the opposite holds when the distance is large.
description: Accepted to IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications; Preliminary version appeared in Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM, Dec. 9-13, 2013, Atlanta, GA, USA
Implementation of a two-stroke quantum heat engine with a collisional model
Creators: name: Melo, Filipe V.
name: Sá, Nahum
name: Roditi, Ithzak
name: Landi, Gabriel T.
name: Souza, Alexandre M.
name: Oliveira, Ivan S.
name: Sarthour, Roberto S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We put forth a quantum simulation of a stroboscopic two-stroke thermal engine in the IBMQ processor. The system consists of a quantum spin chain connected to two baths at their boundaries, prepared at different temperatures using the variational quantum thermalizer algorithm. The dynamics alternates between heat and work strokes, which can be separately designed using independent quantum circuits. The results show good agreement with theoretical predictions, showcasing IBMQ as a powerful tool to study thermodynamics in the quantum regime, as well as the implementation of variational quantum algorithms in real-world quantum computers. It also opens the possibility of simulating quantum heat transport across a broad range of chain geometries and interactions.
Dose-Intensified Compared With Standard Chemotherapy for Nonmetastatic Ewing Sarcoma Family of Tumors: A Children's Oncology Group Study
Creators: name: Sailer, Scott
name: Wang, Chenguang
name: Arndt, Carola A.S.
name: Dickman, Paul
name: Marina, Neyssa
name: Grier, Holcombe E.
name: Perlman, Elizabeth
name: Womer, Richard
name: Miser, James
name: Granowetter, Linda
name: Leavey, Patrick
name: Shamberger, Robert Cooper
name: Gebhardt, Mark
name: Krailo, Mark
name: Goorin, Allen
name: Healey, John
name: Devidas, Meenakshi
name: Bernstein, Mark
name: Marcus, Karen
name: Meyer, James
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: The Ewing sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT) is a group of malignant tumors of soft tissue and bone sharing a chromosomal translocation affecting the EWS locus. The Intergroup INT-0091 demonstrated the superiority of a regimen of vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin (VDC), and dactinomycin alternating with ifosfamide and etoposide (IE) over VDC for patients with nonmetastatic ESFT of bone. The goal of this study was to determine whether a dose-intensified regimen of VDC alternating with IE would further improve the outcome for patients with nonmetastatic ESFT of bone or soft tissue.
Nonequilibrium Seebeck effect and thermoelectric efficiency of Kondo-correlated molecular junctions
Creators: name: Manaparambil, Anand
name: Weymann, Ireneusz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically study the nonequilibrium thermoelectric transport properties of a strongly-correlated molecule (or quantum dot) embedded in a tunnel junction. Assuming that the coupling of the molecule to the contacts is asymmetric, we determine the nonlinear current driven by the voltage and temperature gradients by using the perturbation theory. However, the subsystem consisting of the molecule strongly coupled to one of the contacts is solved by using the numerical renormalization group method, which allows for accurate description of Kondo correlations. We study the temperature gradient and voltage dependence of the nonlinear and differential Seebeck coefficients for various initial configurations of the system. In particular, we show that in the Coulomb blockade regime with singly occupied molecule, both thermopowers exhibit sign changes due to the Kondo correlations at nonequilibrium conditions. Moreover, we determine the nonlinear heat current and thermoelectric efficiency, demonstrating that the system can work as a heat engine with considerable efficiency, depending on the transport regime.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures
Structure of local interactions in complex financial dynamics
Creators: name: Jiang, X. F.
name: Chen, T. T.
name: Zheng, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Finance (q-fin.GN)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the network methods and random matrix theory, we investigate the interaction structure of communities in financial markets. In particular, based on the random matrix decomposition, we clarify that the local interactions between the business sectors (subsectors) are mainly contained in the sector mode. In the sector mode, the average correlation inside the sectors is positive, while that between the sectors is negative. Further, we explore the time evolution of the interaction structure of the business sectors, and observe that the local interaction structure changes dramatically during a financial bubble or crisis.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures, accepted by Scientific Reports
Spin and Contextuality in Extended de Broglie-Bohm-Bell Quantum Mechanics
Creators: name: Vink, Jeroen C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper introduces an extension of the de Broglie-Bohm-Bell formulation of quantum mechanics, which includes intrinsic particle degrees of freedom, such as spin, as elements of reality. To evade constraints from the Kochen-Specker theorem the discrete spin values refer to a specific basis -- i.e., a single spin vector orientation for each particle; these spin orientations are, however, not predetermined, but dynamic and guided by the (reduced, spin-only) wave function of the system, which is conditional on the realized location values of the particles. In this way, the unavoidable contextuality of spin is provided by the wave function and its realized particle configuration, whereas spin is still expressed as a local property of the individual particles. This formulation, which furthermore features a rigorous discrete-time stochastic dynamics, allows for numerical simulations of particle systems with entangled spin, such as Bohm's version of the EPR experiment.
description: 22 pages, 9 figures
Evaluation of the Optimal Number of Lesions Needed for Tumor Evaluation Using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors: A North Central Cancer Treatment Group Investigation
Creators: name: Goldberg, Richard M.
name: An, Ming-Wen
name: Schaefer, Paul
name: Sargent, Daniel J.
name: Hillman, Shauna L.
name: Buckner, Jan C.
name: O'Connell, Michael J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: In February 2000, the criteria for measuring tumor shrinkage as an indicator of antitumor activity were redefined by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). This resulted in simplifying bidimensional to unidimensional measurement of lesions. Under RECIST, all lesions, up to 10, must be measured. Scanning and measuring multiple lesions is costly, time-consuming, and a disincentive to participation in clinical trials. We investigated whether fewer than 10 lesions can be measured without compromising the accuracy of assessing a regimen's activity.
Relativistic Angular Redshift Fluctuations embedded in Large Scale Varying Gravitational Potentials
Creators: name: Lima-Hernández, Adal
name: Hernández-Monteagudo, Carlos
name: Chaves-Montero, Jonás
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the linear order, general relativistic corrections to angular redshift fluctuations (ARF), a new cosmological observable built upon density-weighted two-dimensional (2D) maps of galaxy redshifts. We start with an existing approach for galaxy/source counts developed in the Newtonian gauge, and generalize it to ARF, modifying for this purpose a standard Boltzmann code. Our calculations allow us identifying the velocity terms as the leading corrections on large scales, emphasizing the sensitivity of ARF to peculiar, cosmological velocity fields. Just like for standard 2D clustering, the impact of gravitational lensing on ARF is dominant on small angular scales and for wide redshift shells, while the signatures associated to gravitational potentials are extremely small and hardly detectable. The ARF also present interesting correlation properties to anisotropies of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB): they are highly correlated to CMB lensing potential fluctuations, while also exhibiting a significant (S/N$\sim 4$-$5$) {\em anti-}correlation with the Integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect (ISW). This negative ARF$\times$ISW signal is quite complementary to the standard 2D clustering$\times$ISW correlation, since the former appears mostly at higher redshift ($z\sim 2$) than the latter ($z\lesssim 1)$, and the combination of the two observables significantly increases the $χ^2$ statistics testing the null (no ISW) hypothesis. We conclude that ARF constitute a novel, alternative, and potentially powerful tool to constrain the nature of Dark Energy component that gives rise to the ISW.
description: 25 pages, 7 figures, comments welcome!
Chromatic aberrations correction of attosecond high-order harmonic beams by flat-top spatial shaping of the fundamental beam
Creators: name: Veyrinas, K.
name: Plach, M.
name: Peschel, J.
name: Hoflund, M.
name: Catoire, F.
name: Valentin, C.
name: Smorenburg, P.
name: Dacasa, H.
name: Maclot, S.
name: Guo, C.
name: Wikmark, H.
name: Zair, A.
name: Strelkov, V.
name: Picot, C.
name: Arnold, C.
name: Eng-Johnsson, P.
name: Huillier, A. L
name: Mevel, E.
name: Constant, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Attosecond pulses created by high-order harmonic generation in gases often exhibit strong chromatic aberrations, arising from the broad bandwidth and wavelength-dependent nonlinear light-matter interaction. When the driving laser intensity varies spatially, as for Gaussian driving beams, the apparent source position of the harmonics differs significantly from one order to the next, thus affecting the achievable intensity and duration of the attosecond pulses when they are focused on a target. We show that these chromatic aberrations can be reduced by spatially shaping the fundamental beam to generate high-order harmonics with a driver having a flat-top profile inside the gas medium. By measuring both the intensity profile and wavefront for each harmonic in a plane, we access the extreme ultra-violet (XUV) beam properties and investigate these properties near focus. We observe that controlling chromatic aberrations by flat-top spatial shaping strongly reduces the variation of the XUV spectrum on the beam axis during propagation and, in return, the longitudinal sensitivity of both the temporal profiles and the temporal shifts of the focused attosecond pulses.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures + supplementary material: 10 pages, 13 figures
Triplet superconductivity in 3D Dirac semimetal due to exchange interaction
Creators: name: Rosenstein, Baruch
name: Shapiro, B. Ya.
name: Li, Dingping
name: Shapiro, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Conventional phonon-electron interaction induces either triplet or one of two (degenerate) singlet pairing states in time reversal and inversion invariant 3D Dirac semi - metal. Investigation of the order parameters and energies of these states at zero temperature in wide range of values of chemical potential $μ$, the effective electron-electron coupling constant $λ$ and Debye energy $T_{D}$ demonstrates that when the exchange interaction is neglected the singlet always prevails, however in significant portions of the $\left( μ,λ,T_{D}\right) $ parameter space the energy difference is very small. This means that interactions that are small but discriminate between the spin singlet and the spin triplet are important in order to determine the nature of the superconducting order there. The best candidate for such an interaction in materials under consideration is the exchange (the Stoner term) characterized by constant $λ_{ex}$. We show that at values of $λ_{ex}$ much smaller then ones creating Stoner instability to ferromagnetism $λ_{ex}\sim 1$ the triplet pairing becomes energetically favored over the singlet ones for $μ
description: 13 pages, 11 figures
Marriage between neutrino mass and flavor anomalies
Creators: name: Julio, J.
name: Saad, Shaikh
name: Thapa, Anil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experimental hints for lepton flavor universality violation in beauty-quark decay both in neutral- and charged-current transitions require an extension of the Standard Model for which scalar leptoquarks (LQs) are the prime candidates. Besides, these same LQs can resolve the long-standing tension in the muon and the recently reported deviation in the electron $g-2$ anomalies. These tantalizing flavor anomalies have discrepancies in the range of $2.5σ-4.2σ$, indicating that the Standard Model of particle physics may finally be cracking. In this Letter, we propose a resolution to all these anomalies within a unified framework that sheds light on the origin of neutrino mass. In this model, the LQs that address flavor anomalies run through the loops and generate neutrino mass at the two-loop order while satisfying all constraints from collider searches, including those from flavor physics.
description: 6 pages+ references, added references, matches published version
title: Numerical Modeling and Optimization of Fractured Structures via Machine Learning and Topology Optimization
Creators: name: Kumar, Tota Rakesh
Publisher: name: IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/035gh3a49
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: During the continuous development of science and technol- ogy, optimization plays a tremendous role in improving our resources without compromising the quality of performance. This thesis work investigates the application of the phase- field method for fracture (PFF) in brittle materials, focusing on the understanding of the influence of the model parame- ters, both for the isotropic and the anisotropic cases, in cap- turing the mechanical response of experimental results. For the PFF isotropic case, an experimental investigation was car- ried out on an ABS co-polymers. A MATLAB-based algo- rithm combining particle swarm optimization (PSO) with PFF has been utilized to determine optimal values of Young’s mod- ulus (E), fracture toughness (Gc), and the PFF internal length scale (lc) through uni-axial tensile and three-point bending tests. To understand the potential of bio-polymers in vari- ous industrial applications, 3D printed PLA materials were fabricated via fusion deposition modeling, and due to their anisotropic behavior, an anisotropic PFF approach was ex- ploited. A metaheuristic machine learning algorithm coupled with PFF demonstrates robustness in estimating fracture pa- rameters (Gc, lc, β) and a strong influence of β the penalty parameter on the predicted force-displacement curves. The thesis examine also the critical issue of delamination at internal interfaces/adhesive joints and internal cracks in com- posite and multi-material components, which can lead to catas- trophic failures. Existing structural topology optimization (TO) methods typically assumes perfect bonding, which urges the development of approaches that explicitly optimize struc-tures against delamination. The proposed data-driven heuris- tic optimization strategy has been applied to identify optimal cohesive interface properties with linear grading, enhancing the composite structure’s resistance to peeling. Additionally, it explored the application of the Solid Isotropic Material with Penalty (SIMP) topology optimization approach to optimize substrate internal structures affected by interface delamina- tion. The integration of a phase-field for fracture (PFF) approach with TO has been highlighted as a robust mathematical frame- work to mitigate crack progression in structures compromised by initial damage under operational loads. Employing the SIMP technique and optimality criteria (OC) method, the re- search validated its effectiveness through numerical exam- ples, demonstrating potential improvements in fracture re- sistance for damaged structures crucial in aerospace, marine, automotive, and civil engineering industries
A classification of long-range interactions between two stacks of $p$ \& $p'$-branes
Creators: name: Ouyang, Jun
name: Wu, Chao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We generalize the computations of the long-range interactions between two parallel stacks of branes in \cite{Wu and Wang, Prof. Lu's lecture notes} to various cases when two stacks of branes are not placed parallel to each other. We classify the nature of interaction (repulsive or attractive) for each special case and this classification can be used to justify the nature of long-range interaction between two complicated brane systems such as brane bound states. We will provide explicit examples in this paper to demonstrate this.
description: 26 pages, 7 tables
Quasiprobability Based Criterion for Classicality and Separability of States of Spin-1/2 Particles
Creators: name: Puri, R. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A sufficient condition for a quantum state of a system of spin-1/2 particles (spin-1/2s) to admit a local hidden variable (LHV) description i.e. to be classical is the separability of the density matrix characterizing its state, but not all classical states are separable. This leads one to infer that separability and classicality are two different concepts. These concepts are examined here in the framework of a criterion for identifying classicality of a system of spin-1/2s based on the concept of joint quasiprobability (JQP) for the eigevalues of spin components. The said criterion identifies a state as classical if a suitably defined JQP of the eigenvalues of spin components in suitably chosen three or two orthogonal directions is non-negative. In agreement with other approaches, the JQP based criterion leads to the result that all non-factorizable pure states of two spin-1/2s are non-classical. Furthermore, the validity of the criterion is confirmed by comparing its predictions with those arrived at by other methods when applied to several mixed states of two spin-1/2s and the Werner like state of three spin-1/2s (G.Toth and A.Acin,Phys.Rev. A74, 030306(R) (2006)). The JQP based approach, formulated as it is along the lines of the P-function approach for identifying classical states of the electromagnetic field, offers a unified approach for systems of arbitrary number of spin-1/2s and the possibility of linking classicality with the nature of the measurement process.
description: 16 pages
Evidence for Cure by Adjuvant Therapy in Colon Cancer: Observations Based on Individual Patient Data From 20,898 Patients on 18 Randomized Trials
Creators: name: O'Connell, Michael J.
name: O'Callaghan, Chris
name: Labianca, Roberto
name: Francini, Guido
name: Goldberg, Richard
name: Seitz, Jean Francois
name: Green, Erin
name: Sargent, Daniel
name: Yothers, Greg
name: de Gramont, Aimery
name: Buyse, Marc
name: Andre, Thierry
name: Haller, Daniel
name: Zheng, Yan
name: Sobrero, Alberto
name: Grothey, Axel
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Limited data are available on the time course of treatment failures (recurrence and/or death), the nature and duration of adjuvant treatment benefit, and long-term recurrence rates in patients with resected stage II and III colon cancer.
Collective Vortical Motion and Vorticity Reversals of Self-Propelled Particles on Circularly Patterned Substrates
Creators: name: Wen, Haosheng
name: Zhu, Yu
name: Peng, Chenhui
name: Kumar, P. B. Sunil
name: Laradji, Mohamed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The collective behavior of self-propelled particles (SPPs) under the combined effects of a circularly patterned substrate and circular confinement is investigated through coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations of polarized and disjoint ring polymers. The study is performed over a wide range of values of the SPPs packing fraction $\barϕ$, motility force $F_D$, and area fraction of the patterned region. At low packing fractions, the SPPs are excluded from the system's center and exhibit a vortical motion that is dominated by the substrate at intermediate values of $F_D$. This exclusion zone is due to the coupling between the driving force and torque induced by the substrate, which induces an outward spiral motion of the SPPs. For high values of $F_D$, the SPPs exclusion from the center is dominated by the confining boundary. At high values of $\barϕ$, the substrate pattern leads to reversals in the vorticity, which become quasi-periodic with increasing $\barϕ$. We also found that the substrate pattern is able to separate SPPs based on their motilities.
Quantum engineering of a synthetic thermal bath for bosonic atoms in a one-dimensional optical lattice via Markovian feedback control
Creators: name: Wu, Ling-Na
name: Eckardt, André
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose and investigate a scheme for engineering a synthetic thermal bath for a bosonic quantum gas in a one-dimensional optical lattice based on Markovian feedback control. The performance of our scheme is quantified by the fidelity between the steady state of the system and the effective thermal state. For double-well and triple-well systems with non-interacting particles, the steady state is found to be an exact thermal state, which is attributed to the fact that the transfer rates between all pairs of coupled eigenstates satisfy detailed balance condition. The scenario changes when there are more lattice sites, where the detailed balance condition does not hold any more, but remains an accurate approximation. Remarkably, our scheme performs very well at low and high temperature regimes, with the fidelity close to one. The performance at the intermediate temperature regime (where a crossover into a Bose condensed regime occurs) is slightly worse, and the fidelity shows a gentle decrease with increasing system size. We also discuss the interacting cases. In contrast to the non-interacting cases, the scheme is found to perform better at a higher temperature. Another difference is that the minimal temperature that can be engineered is nonzero and increases with the interaction strength.
Combined Approach for Image Segmentation
Creators: name: Dakhare, Shradha
name: Chowhan, Harshal
name: Chandak, Manoj B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many image segmentation techniques have been developed over the past two decades for segmenting the images, which help for object recognition, occlusion boundary estimation within motion or stereo systems, image compression, image editing. In this, there is a combined approach for segmenting the image. By using histogram equalization to the input image, from which it gives contrast enhancement output image .After that by applying median filtering,which will remove noise from contrast output image . At last I applied fuzzy c-mean clustering algorithm to denoising output image, which give segmented output image. In this way it produce better segmented image with less computation time.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures, Published with International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology (IJCTT)
Inexpensive Heating Reduces Winter Mortality
Creators: name: Chirakijja, Janjala
name: Jayachandran, Seema
name: Ong, Pinchuan
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Econometric and statistical methods
Econometrics not elsewhere classified

description: This paper examines how the price of home heating affects mortality in the US. Exposure to cold is one of the reasons that mortality peaks in winter, and a higher heating price increases exposure to cold by reducing heating use. In addition, a higher price raises energy bills, which could also affect health by decreasing other healthpromoting spending. Our empirical approach combines spatial variation in the energy source used for home heating and temporal variation in the national prices of natural gas and electricity. We find that a lower heating price reduces winter mortality, driven mostly by cardiovascular and respiratory causes. The effect is especially large in highpoverty communities.
Initial Safety Report of NSABP C-08: A Randomized Phase III Study of Modified FOLFOX6 With or Without Bevacizumab for the Adjuvant Treatment of Patients With Stage II or III Colon Cancer
Creators: name: Petrelli, Nicholas J.
name: Wolmark, Norman
name: Fehrenbacher, Louis
name: Lopa, Samia H.
name: Colangelo, Linda H.
name: O'Connell, Michael J.
name: Yothers, Greg
name: Chu, Luis
name: Azar, Catherine A.
name: Sharif, Saima
name: Goldberg, Richard M.
name: Seay, Thomas E.
name: Atkins, James N.
name: O'Reilly, Seamus
name: Allegra, Carmen J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: The National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project C-08 trial was designed to investigate the safety and effectiveness of adding bevacizumab to modified infusional fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) 6 regimen for the adjuvant treatment of patients with stage II or III colon cancer. We present safety information in advance of the planned analysis of efficacy.