cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Domestic Violence in Ghana: An Initial Step
Creators: name: Ofei-Aboagye, Rosemary Ofeibea
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 1994

description: This Article focuses on and attempts to expose the anxiety of abused women in Ghana. This project is ambitious in that it names, isolates, and defines domestic violence within Ghanaian culture. This Article is divided into three sections. The first section focuses on the need to do research on domestic violence in Ghana. The second section addresses the “invisible” nature of domestic violence in Ghana and some of the possible reasons for this invisibility. The third section looks at the ways in which domestic violence could be examined and addressed in Ghana. While there is no clear-cut definition of domestic violence in Ghana, it is important to identify the fact that the phenomenon exists.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 4 No. 1 (1994)
A Troubled Inheritance: An Examination of Title III of the Violence Against Women Act In Light of Current Critiques of Civil Rights Law
Creators: name: Lesch, Sara E.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 1993

description: The United States Congress is currently considering the Violence Against Women Act (the VAWA or the Act). The VAWA would set up a series of programs and initiatives to decrease violent crime against women. The Third Title of the Act would create a civil rights cause of action for women who, through violence, “are reduced to symbols of group hatred.” Title III was created to establish a cause of action for female victims of violence analogous to civil rights causes of action for injury motivated by race. Accordingly, Title III will provide a remedy for women victims of violent crime “motivated by gender.” Title III has the potential to become an innovative and powerful weapon against gender subordination, and it appropriately makes a problem of immense proportions a national priority. In its current form, however, Title III will be hampered by some of the same limitations that have undermined the effectiveness of existing civil rights laws. In this article, I will examine the Third Title of the Violence Against Women Act and the problem that it seeks to address. I will argue that a single-axis, conscious-intentionality requirement, like the gender motivation requirement, is likely to be underinclusive and will particularly disadvantage minority women. I will then suggest an alternative framework for a civil rights cause of action that I believe would be more responsive to the real issues in the lives of women subjugated by violence.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 3 No. 2 (1993)
The Law of Legitimacy: An Instrument of Procreative Power
Creators: name: Fellows, Mary Louise
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 1993

description: The purpose of this Article is to explore how inheritance law, through its reliance on the laws regarding legitimacy, affects the construction of sexuality and procreative power in our society. The crucial importance of female monogamy in a private property regime is well-recognized. It is the only means by which a man can assure himself that his wealth will be inherited by his offspring. The enforcement of female monogamy by men enhances a man’s procreative power because it provides the basis for his claim of paternity.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 3 No. 2 (1993)
Pregnant Men
Creators: name: Colker, Ruth
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 1993

description: A core difficulty with using equality doctrine to protect women’s rights is that the U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that pregnancy-based discrimination is not per se gender-based discrimination under the Equal Protection Clause of the U.S. Constitution. In its landmark decision, Geduldig v. Aiello, the Court ruled that a state-run disability plan that excluded normal pregnancy from coverage did not discriminate on the basis of gender. In the Court’s words: While it is true that only women can become pregnant, it does not follow that every legislative classification concerning pregnancy is a sex-based classification. . .The lack of identity between the excluded disability and gender as such under this insurance program becomes clear upon the most cursory analysis. The program divides potential recipients into two groups – pregnant women and nonpregnant persons. While the first group is exclusively female, the second includes members of both sexes. If the first group, pregnant persons, had included both men and women, the Court would have found it easier to evaluate whether gender-based discrimination was taking place, because it then could have determined whether pregnant women were being treated with greater disfavor than pregnant men. But of course, men by definition do not get pregnant.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 3 No. 2 (1993)
The Midwife’s Tale: Old Wisdom and a New Challenge to the Control of Reproduction
Creators: name: Martin, Dianne L.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 1992

description: Reproductive rights for women remain elusive and contested. All over the world poor women continue to be denied access to even basic health care and information. Privileged women also face the dehumanizing effects of a fetal rights campaign which successfully “fetishizes the fetus,”‘ as women’s demands for reproductive choice2 are balanced against the separately constituted interests of fathers and the state in the production and protection of the ultimate innocent third party-the fetus.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 3 No. 1 (1992)
Poverty, Reproduction, and Autonomy in the Welfare State: Some Thoughts on the Ethics of Social Policy Legislation
Creators: name: Weinberg, Joanna K.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 1992

description: Autonomy for poor women is increasingly limited by a wide array of both state and federal legislative provisions governing social policy. Although the Supreme Court has forestalled the anticipated demise of Roe v. Wade with its recent decision in Planned Parenthood v. Casey, it is nevertheless appropriate at this time to focus the attention of pro-choice advocates on the role the state legislatures may play in the continuing struggle to establish reproductive freedom. In this paper I will suggest that reproductive autonomy must be understood within the larger context of the growing conflict between welfare state ideology and women’s autonomy generally. This conflict impacts a broad range of issues that affect women’s lives. I will address the way in which women’s autonomy is threatened not only by overt attacks on abortion rights, but also by limitations on autonomy imposed upon beneficiaries of welfare entitlement programs, who are chiefly women. I will also discuss the expansion of legislative restrictions on autonomy.While Roe has not been explicitly overruled, it remains in a persistent vegetative state. The judicial analysis of abortion as a fundamental right has evolved such that abortion now has the status of an “interest” that can be limited by states as long as the limitations are not “unduly burden- some.” Autonomy for poor women is increasingly limited by a wide array of both state and federal legislative provisions governing social policies: Therefore, before turning to state or federal legislatures to replicate the protections once afforded by Roe, it is important to examine some of the peculiar properties of the legislative arena.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 3 No. 1 (1992)
Maternal-Fetal Conflict: A Call for Humanism and Consciousness in a Time of Crisis
Creators: name: Amana, Cheryl E.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 1992

description: This Article examines state intervention in the life of the pregnant woman whereby medical treatment is imposed upon her over her objection. It focuses specifically on obstetrical intervention and the fundamental danger of using this intervention coercively in an attempt to regulate a woman’s medical care, lifestyle, and personal decisions during the course of her pregnancy. This Article suggests that the woman, to the extent that she is competent, is the appropriate decision maker regarding medical care for her fetus. To decide otherwise. violates the woman’s right to make informed choices and to give informed consent, two of the underlying principles supporting autonomy in decision making about medical care. Moreover it impugns her constitutional right to bodily integrity.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 3 No. 1 (1992)
Anticancer sulfonamide hybrids that inhibit bladder cancer cells growth and migration as tubulin polymerisation inhibitors
Creators: name: Liu, Jia
name: Liu, Chunlai
name: Zhang, Xiling
name: Yu, Liu
name: Gong, Xue
name: Wang, Ping
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biophysics
Biochemistry
Cell Biology
Molecular Biology
Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Developmental Biology
Cancer
Hematology

description: Novel sulfonamide-dithiocarbamate hybrids were designed and synthesised via the molecular hybridisation strategy. Among them, compound 13d displayed a potent activity with IC50 values of 0.9, 0.7, 1.9 and 2.6 µM against UM-UC-3, RT-112, RT4 and T24. Compound 13d inhibited the migration and regulated the migration-related markers (E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin, Snail and Slung) against RT-112 cells in a concentration dependent manner. By the tubulin polymerisation assay in vitro and immunostaining assay, compound 13d was identified as a novel tubulin polymerisation inhibitor. Intragastric administration of compound 13d could inhibit the growth of RT-112 cells in vivo in a xenograft mouse model with the low toxicity, indicating that it may be a leading candidate with antitumor properties to treat bladder cancer.
Factorized Discriminant Analysis for Genetic Signatures of Neuronal Phenotypes
Creators: name: Qiao, Mu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Navigating the complex landscape of single-cell transcriptomic data presents significant challenges. Central to this challenge is the identification of a meaningful representation of high-dimensional gene expression patterns that sheds light on the structural and functional properties of cell types. Pursuing model interpretability and computational simplicity, we often look for a linear transformation of the original data that aligns with key phenotypic features of cells. In response to this need, we introduce factorized linear discriminant analysis (FLDA), a novel method for linear dimensionality reduction. The crux of FLDA lies in identifying a linear function of gene expression levels that is highly correlated with one phenotypic feature while minimizing the influence of others. To augment this method, we integrate it with a sparsity-based regularization algorithm. This integration is crucial as it selects a subset of genes pivotal to a specific phenotypic feature or a combination thereof. To illustrate the effectiveness of FLDA, we apply it to transcriptomic datasets from neurons in the Drosophila optic lobe. We demonstrate that FLDA not only captures the inherent structural patterns aligned with phenotypic features but also uncovers key genes associated with each phenotype.
Legislating the Female Body: Reproductive Technology and the Reconstructed Woman
Creators: name: Karpin, Isabel
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 1992

description: Legal conceptions of the female body tend to assume a singular, uncontested, received idea of the “nature” of that body. I argue, on the contrary, that in the process of regulating the female body, the law legislates its shape, its lineaments, and its boundaries. However, law does not act alone to fix the shape of the female body. It collaborates with other defining discourses such as science and popular culture. The effect of this collaboration is to blur the lines of influence, enabling each discourse to refer to the other to substantiate its claim about the “nature” of the female body. This paper is concerned with the intersection between these discourses and with challenging those premises about women that arise as a result of this insistence by law and legal discourse on an omnipresent female body that “we”‘ all know, understand, and agree upon.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 3 No. 1 (1992)
A Structural Theorem for Local Algorithms with Applications to Coding, Testing, and Verification
Creators: name: Dall'Agnol, Marcel
name: Gur, Tom
name: Lachish, Oded
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We prove a general structural theorem for a wide family of local algorithms, which includes property testers, local decoders, and PCPs of proximity. Namely, we show that the structure of every algorithm that makes $q$ adaptive queries and satisfies a natural robustness condition admits a sample-based algorithm with $n^{1- 1/O(q^2 \log^2 q)}$ sample complexity, following the definition of Goldreich and Ron (TOCT 2016). We prove that this transformation is nearly optimal. Our theorem also admits a scheme for constructing privacy-preserving local algorithms. Using the unified view that our structural theorem provides, we obtain results regarding various types of local algorithms, including the following.
 - We strengthen the state-of-the-art lower bound for relaxed locally decodable codes, obtaining an exponential improvement on the dependency in query complexity; this resolves an open problem raised by Gur and Lachish (SICOMP 2021).
 - We show that any (constant-query) testable property admits a sample-based tester with sublinear sample complexity; this resolves a problem left open in a work of Fischer, Lachish, and Vasudev (FOCS 2015) by extending their main result to adaptive testers.
 - We prove that the known separation between proofs of proximity and testers is essentially maximal; this resolves a problem left open by Gur and Rothblum (ECCC 2013, Computational Complexity 2018) regarding sublinear-time delegation of computation.
 Our techniques strongly rely on relaxed sunflower lemmas and the Hajnal-Szemerédi theorem.
Movie-fMRI as an acquisition state for functional connectivity-based precision psychiatry
Creators: name: Shearer, Hallee
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: The field of precision psychiatry aims to use biologically based data from individual subjects to shift the focus from the group to the individual for diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of psychiatric disorders. The type of data used for precision psychiatry can vary, and the use of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data has shown promising results. However, this endeavor has been limited by the quality of fMRI data. Specifically, for fMRI data to be clinically useful, measures of functional connectivity (FC) must be reliable across repeated scans and sensitive to individual differences in connectivity. Further, we must be able to collect fMRI scans of sufficient length. Ongoing attempts to address these issues focus on methodological techniques, but acquisition state has been overlooked. fMRI scans for precision psychiatry are almost exclusively collected during resting-state, when participants lay in the scanner and stare at a fixation cross. The rapidly advancing field of movie-fMRI offers important advantages for data quality and quantity: it improves reliability, facilitates the detection of individual differences, and enables the collection of longer scans with better head motion and arousal. These advantages have been demonstrated at the whole-brain level, but it is not clear whether they apply to brain regions specifically important in psychiatry. Hence, we hypothesized that, relative to resting-state, movie-fMRI would improve data quality in three psychiatrically relevant brain regions: the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the left temporoparietal junction (TPJ), and the right pre-supplementary motor area. To test this hypothesis, we compared three measures of test-retest reliability (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient, Image Intraclass Correlation Coefficient, Discriminability) and one proxy for the sensitivity to individual difference (a test-retest identification algorithm) between movie-watching and resting-state data from the open-source Human Connectome Project data. We also investigated the effect of increasing data amount on these measures. We found that movies were either equal, or superior, to rest across all measures in the three brain regions of interest, with the TPJ showing the most benefit from movies. Overall, our results suggest that movie-fMRI appears to be a good candidate acquisition state to optimize FC quality and quantity for precision psychiatry.
Crossing of Phantom Divide in $F(R)$ Gravity
Creators: name: Bamba, Kazuharu
name: Geng, Chao-Qiang
name: Nojiri, Shin'ichi
name: Odintsov, Sergei D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An explicit model of $F(R)$ gravity with realizing a crossing of the phantom divide is reconstructed. In particular, it is shown that the Big Rip singularity may appear in the reconstructed model of $F(R)$ gravity. Such a Big Rip singularity could be avoided by adding $R^2$ term or non-singular viable $F(R)$ theory to the model because phantom behavior becomes transient.
description: 9 pages, 1 figure, to be published in the proceedings of the International Workshop on Dark Matter, Dark Energy and Matter-antimatter Asymmetry in Special Issue of Modern Physics Letters A, Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, 20th - 21st November, 2009
The Case of Elaine W. v. Joint Diseases North General Hospital, Inc.
Creators: name: Taub, Nadine
name: Davidson, Sheryl Felecia
name: Evans, Wanda
name: Warden, Tamasine
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 1992

description: In recent years, society has been much concerned with the problem of pregnant women who are substance users and abusers. Though the studies do not conclusively show the extent and nature of fetal harm attributable to drugs, it seems clear the prenatal use of illicit drugs can disturb the course of pregnancies and undermine the health of later-born children. Much of the response to the problem has taken a punitive form-prosecutions, heightened sentences, and attempts to terminate parental rights. At the same time, pregnant women who do seek help have found the doors of treatment programs closed in their faces. In 1989, three pregnant women brought a class action suit challenging the exclusionary practices of four substance abuse treatment programs in the New York City area. The suit led to several favorable settlements and a decision from the Appellate Division of the New York Supreme Court. The decision, Elaine W. v. Joint Diseases North General Hospital, Inc., states that general assertions, by doctors responsible for the treatment programs, that pregnant women cannot be treated consistent with sound medical policy suffice to justify the exclusion. What follows is the amicus brief submitted to the Appellate Division in the Elaine W. case by the American Public Health Association arguing that, consistent with New York State’s Human Rights Law, treatment programs cannot exclude pregnant women without demonstrating a bona fide consideration of public policy.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 3 No. 1 (1992)
Self consistent kinetic simulations of SPT and HEMP thrusters including the near-field plume region
Creators: name: Matyash, K.
name: Schneider, R.
name: Mutzke, A.
name: Kalentev, O.
name: Taccogna, F.
name: Koch, N.
name: Schirra, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Particle-in-Cell (PIC) method was used to study two different ion thruster concepts - Stationary Plasma Thrusters (SPT) and High Efficiency Multistage Plasma Thrusters (HEMP-T), in particular the plasma properties in the discharge chamber due to the different magnetic field configurations. Special attention was paid to the simulation of plasma particle fluxes on the thrusters channel surfaces. In both cases, PIC proved itself as a powerful tool, delivering important insight into the basic physics of the different thruster concepts. The simulations demonstrated that the new HEMP thruster concept allows for a high thermal efficiency due to both minimal energy dissipation and high acceleration efficiency. In the HEMP thruster the plasma contact to the wall is limited only to very small areas of the magnetic field cusps, which results in much smaller ion energy flux to the thruster channel surface as compared to SPT. The erosion yields for dielectric discharge channel walls of SPT and HEMP thrusters were calculated with the binary collision code SDTrimSP. For SPT, an erosion rate on the level of 1 mm of sputtered material per hour was observed. For HEMP, thruster simulations have shown that there is no erosion inside the dielectric discharge channel.
description: 14 pages, 11 figures This work was presented at 21st International Conference on Numerical Simulation of Plasmas (ICNSP'09)
Signatures of bath-induced quantum avalanches in a many-body--localized system
Creators: name: Léonard, Julian
name: Kim, Sooshin
name: Rispoli, Matthew
name: Lukin, Alexander
name: Schittko, Robert
name: Kwan, Joyce
name: Demler, Eugene
name: Sels, Dries
name: Greiner, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strongly correlated systems can exhibit surprising phenomena when brought in a state far from equilibrium. A spectacular example are quantum avalanches, that have been predicted to run through a many-body--localized system and delocalize it. Quantum avalanches occur when the system is locally coupled to a small thermal inclusion that acts as a bath. Here we realize an interface between a many-body--localized system and a thermal inclusion of variable size, and study its dynamics. We find evidence for accelerated transport into the localized region, signature of a quantum avalanche. By measuring the site-resolved entropy we monitor how the avalanche travels through the localized system and thermalizes it site by site. Furthermore, we isolate the bath-induced dynamics by evaluating multipoint correlations between the bath and the system. Our results have fundamental implications on the robustness of many-body--localized systems and their critical behavior.
description: 5+2 pages, 4 figures
Non-relativistic scattering of a spin-1/2 particle off a self-dual monopole
Creators: name: Feher, L.
name: Horvathy, P. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The non-relativistic scattering of a spin-1/2 particle off a self-dual monopole reduces, for large distances, to the dyon problem, studied previously by D'Hoker and Vinet. The S matrix (calculated by Zwanziger's algebraic method based on the o(3,1)\oplus o(3) dynamical symmetry, discovered by D'Hoker and Vinet) is shown to factorize into the product of the spinless S-matrix, S_0, with a spin-dependent factor. The total cross-section is identical to the one found in the spinless case.
description: 8 pages, no figures. Electronic version of a previously published paper. Neither the original text nor the list of references have been updated
Beyond the Solitary Self: Voice, Community, and Reproductive Freedom
Creators: name: Mertus, Julie A.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 1992

description: The body of this paper is an attempt to find hope in hope, even as we witness the moral bankruptcy and utter inefficacy of sole reliance on individual rights.’ To halt our downward slide, we must reject the notion of the solitary self. We must recognize instead that we draw our meaning through our connection with others and that our communities in turn exist only through their synergistic relationship with us. In order to effect change in our communities, we must facilitate these dynamic, transformat- ive relations by encouraging the interchange of diverse voices. First, however, the disempowered must be free to speak. While it is next to impossible to speak from a state of hopelessness, voice is fueled by hope. For most women, nothing provides more hope than regaining control over their own reproductive capabilities. By locating reproductive freedom in community, we can touch voice-enabling hope, amplify silenced voices, and thus improve the functioning of communities.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 3 No. 1 (1992)
Speed of light in the extended gravity theories
Creators: name: Izadi, Azam
name: Shojai, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We shall investigate the possibility of formulation of varying speed of light (VSL) in the framework of Palatini non-linear Ricci scalar and Ricci squared theories. Different speeds of light including the causal structure constant, electromagnetic, and gravitational wave speeds are discussed. We shall see that two local frames are distinguishable and discuss about the velocity of light in these two frames. We shall investigate which one of these local frames is inertial.
description: 19 pages. to appear in Classical Quantum Gravity
Measurement of the quadratic Zeeman shift of ^{85}Rb hyperfine sublevels using stimulated Raman transitions
Creators: name: Li, Runbing
name: Zhou, Lin
name: Wang, Jin
name: Zhan, Mingsheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate a technique for directly measuring the quadratic Zeeman shift using stimulated Raman transitions.The quadratic Zeeman shift has been measured yielding [delta][nju] = 1296.8 +/-3.3 Hz/G^{2} for magnetically insensitive sublevels (5S1/2, F = 2,mF = 0 -> 5S1/2, F = 3,mF = 0) of ^{85}Rb by compensating the magnetic eld and cancelling the ac Stark shift. We also measured the cancellation ratio of the differential ac Stark shift due to the imbalanced Raman beams by using two pairs of Raman beams ([sigma]^{+}, [sigma]^{+}) and it is 1:3.67 when the one-photon detuning is 1.5 GHz in the experiment.
Composite system in deformed space with minimal length
Creators: name: Quesne, C.
name: Tkachuk, V. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For composite systems made of $N$ different particles living in a space characterized by the same deformed Heisenberg algebra, but with different deformation parameters, we define the total momentum and the center-of-mass position to first order in the deformation parameters. Such operators satisfy the deformed algebra with new effective deformation parameters. As a consequence, a two-particle system can be reduced to a one-particle problem for the internal motion. As an example, the correction to the hydrogen atom $n$S energy levels is re-evaluated. Comparison with high-precision experimental data leads to an upper bound of the minimal length for the electron equal to $3.3\times 10^{-18} {\rm m}$. The effective Hamiltonian describing the center-of-mass motion of a macroscopic body in an external potential is also found. For such a motion, the effective deformation parameter is substantially reduced due to a factor $1/N^2$. This explains the strangely small result previously obtained for the minimal length from a comparison with the observed precession of the perihelion of Mercury. From our study, an upper bound of the minimal length for quarks equal to $2.4\times 10^{-17}{\rm m}$ is deduced, which appears close to that obtained for electrons.
description: 22 pages, no figure; small additions in Secs. I, III and VI
Large-scale Optimization with Linear Equality Constraints using Reduced Compact Representation
Creators: name: Brust, Johannes J.
name: Marcia, Roummel F.
name: Petra, Cosmin G.
name: Saunders, Michael A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 68Q25, 68R10, 68U05

description: For optimization problems with linear equality constraints, we prove that the (1,1) block of the inverse KKT matrix remains unchanged when projected onto the nullspace of the constraint matrix. We develop reduced compact representations of the limited-memory inverse BFGS Hessian to compute search directions efficiently when the constraint Jacobian is sparse. Orthogonal projections are implemented by a sparse QR factorization or a preconditioned LSQR iteration. In numerical experiments two proposed trust-region algorithms improve in computation times, often significantly, compared to previous implementations of related algorithms and compared to IPOPT.
Convergence Analysis of Fixed Point Chance Constrained Optimal Power Flow Problems
Creators: name: Brust, Johannes J.
name: Anitescu, Mihai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: For optimal power flow problems with chance constraints, a particularly effective method is based on a fixed point iteration applied to a sequence of deterministic power flow problems. However, a priori, the convergence of such an approach is not necessarily guaranteed. This article analyses the convergence conditions for this fixed point approach, and reports numerical experiments including for large IEEE networks.
Evolution of two-gap behavior of the superconductor FeSe_1-x
Creators: name: Khasanov, R.
name: Bendele, M.
name: Amato, A.
name: Conder, K.
name: Keller, H.
name: Klauss, H. -H.
name: Luetkens, H.
name: Pomjakushina, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The superfluid density, ρ_s, of the iron chalcogenide superconductor, FeSe_1-x, was studied as a function of pressure by means of muon-spin rotation. The zero-temperature value of ρ_s increases with increasing transition temperature T_c (increasing pressure) following the tendency observed for various Fe-based and cuprate superconductors. The analysis of ρ_s(T) within the two-gap scheme reveals that the effect on both, T_c and ρ_s(0), is entirely determined by the band(s) where the large superconducting gap develops, while the band(s) with the small gap become practically unaffected.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Hawking black body spectrum from tunneling mechanism
Creators: name: Banerjee, Rabin
name: Majhi, Bibhas Ranjan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain, using a reformulation of the tunneling mechanism, the Hawking black body spectrum with the appropriate temperature for a black hole. This is a new result in the tunneling formalism of discussing Hawking effect. Our results are given for a spherically symmetric geometry that is asymptotically flat.
description: LaTex, 6 pages, no figures, minor modifications, to appear in Phys. Lett. B
Adversarial Driving: Attacking End-to-End Autonomous Driving
Creators: name: Wu, Han
name: Yunas, Syed
name: Rowlands, Sareh
name: Ruan, Wenjie
name: Wahlstrom, Johan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: As research in deep neural networks advances, deep convolutional networks become promising for autonomous driving tasks. In particular, there is an emerging trend of employing end-to-end neural network models for autonomous driving. However, previous research has shown that deep neural network classifiers are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. While for regression tasks, the effect of adversarial attacks is not as well understood. In this research, we devise two white-box targeted attacks against end-to-end autonomous driving models. Our attacks manipulate the behavior of the autonomous driving system by perturbing the input image. In an average of 800 attacks with the same attack strength (epsilon=1), the image-specific and image-agnostic attack deviates the steering angle from the original output by 0.478 and 0.111, respectively, which is much stronger than random noises that only perturbs the steering angle by 0.002 (The steering angle ranges from [-1, 1]). Both attacks can be initiated in real-time on CPUs without employing GPUs. Demo video: https://youtu.be/I0i8uN2oOP0.
description: Accepted by IEEE Intelligent Vehicle Symposium, 2023
Fast ignition of inertial fusion targets by laser-driven carbon beams
Creators: name: Honrubia, J. J.
name: Fernandez, J. C.
name: Temporal, M.
name: Hegelich, B. M.
name: Meyer-ter-Vehn, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-dimensional simulations of ion beam driven fast ignition are presented. Ignition energies of protons with Maxwellian spectrum and carbon ions with quasimonoenergetic and Maxwellian energy distributions are evaluated. The effect of the coronal plasma surrounding the compressed deuterium-tritium is studied for three different fuel density distributions. It is found that quasi- monoenergetic ions have better coupling with the compressed deuterium-tritium and substantially lower ignition energies. Comparison of quasimonoenergetic carbon ions and relativistic electrons as ignitor beams shows similar laser energy requirements, provided that a laser to quasimonoenergetic carbon ion conversion efficiency around 10% can be achieved.
description: 8 pages, 10 figures, published in Physics of Plasmas
The Poverty of Privacy?
Creators: name: McClain, Linda C.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 1992

description: This Article has two aims. First, it defends a continuing role for the right of privacy in arguments -for women’s reproductive freedom against charges that privacy is an impoverished concept. Second, it raises cautions about certain feminist critiques of privacy that would ground this freedom in notions of reproductive responsibilities. As this Article was first pre- sented at a conference, “Reproductive Issues in a Post-Roe World,” held in the wake of Webster v. Reproductive Health Services, the first question is: Are we now, given the Supreme Court’s recent decision in Planned Parenthood v. Casey, in a “post-Roe world”? Furthermore, what remains of the right of privacy?
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 3 No. 1 (1992)
Phase separation in optical lattices in a spin-dependent external potential
Creators: name: Chen, A-Hai
name: Xianlong, Gao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the phase separation in one-dimensional Fermi gases on optical lattices. The density distributions and the magnetization are calculated by means of density-matrix renormalization method. The phase separation between spin-up and spin-down atoms is induced by the interplay of the spin-dependent harmonic confinement and the strong repulsive interaction between intercomponent fermions. We find the existence of a critical repulsive interaction strength above which the phase separation evolves. By increasing the trap imbalance, the composite phase of Mott-insulating core is changed into the one of ferromagnetic insulating core, which is incompressible and originates from the Pauli exclusion principle.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures
Redescribing Privacy: Identity, Difference, and the Abortion Controversy
Creators: name: Cohen, Jean C.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 1992

description: It has become quite fashionable to attack the idea of a constitutional right to privacy as well as the specific claim that a woman’s decision whether or not to terminate a pregnancy falls within the province of such a right. In the present context, where many feel that Roe v. Wade has been eviscerated, not a few are tempted to lay the blame at the door of the privacy justification underlying the Court’s decision of 1973. While the privacy justification has, at times, been interpreted inadequately, I remain unconvinced that it is because of the alleged intrinsic flaws of privacy analysis that Roe was a poor decision, fated to be weakened or overturned. Further, I do not believe that some other justification, be it an equal protection argument, one appealing solely to the freedom of conscience, or one based exclusively on the idea of bodily integrity, could serve as an adequate normative substitute for privacy rights in this domain. Nor do I believe that the “normal political process,” or reliance on the community’s “shared values,” would serve women better than a constitutional right to personal privacy.’ The right to privacy involved in Roe and its progeny affirms the principle that every individual woman, defined independently of a family frame of reference, is the bearer of constitutional rights that protect her moral autonomy, the inviolability of her personality, and her identity (which is bound up with her bodily integrity), as her own. Each of these is at stake when a woman faces an unwanted pregnancy. I shall argue below both that a constitutionally protected right to personal privacy is indispensable to any modern conception of freedom and that without reproductive freedom, secured in part by such a right, women are deprived of the good that privacy rights are meant to, and should, protect for all of us. I will also argue that women have not received full protection of their reproduc- tive freedom, not because they have been granted privacy rights, but because these rights have been misinterpreted and/or willfully restricted. In what follows, I consider two recent challenges to the privacy justification for abortion rights, both of which target what are taken to be its conceptual and normative presuppositions, albeit from opposite points of view. These challenges provide a useful context for rethinking privacy because they unintentionally reveal the importance of privacy rights to women, as well as the paradoxes such rights entail. The first of these cri-tiques, articulated by feminist legal theorists favoring equal protection arguments , charges that privacy analysis reinforces an ideological, liberal model of the public/private dichotomy that has long been used to justify both gender inequality and private male power within the patriarchal family, along with exclusionary and discriminatory treatment of women outside the domestic sphere.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 3 No. 1 (1992)
Equality and Abortion: Legitimating Women’s Experiences
Creators: name: Harding, Sarah
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 1992

description: Since Roe v. Wade’ the abortion debate has been confined within an individual rights framework, formulated as a “right of privacy,” The proponents of such an individual rights-based approach argue that a woman should have the absolute right to control her own body and make her own reproductive choices uninhibited by the law. This argument rests on a belief in the inviolability of individual rights. The most legalistic and ex- treme version of this approach can be found in J.J. Thomson’s provocative piece in which she compares the situation of a pregnant woman to that of a good samaritan: just as the law does not require people to be good samaritans, neither should a pregnant woman be forced to give up her body to sustain the life of her fetus, regardless of the issue of fetal personhood. Thomson’s argument by no means fully characterizes the complexity of the pro-choice position, but it is based on the same fundamental concept: the absolute right to control one’s body. Both approaches locate a woman’s right to an abortion in the abstract realm of individual rights, in a concept which provides women with the freedom to decide but which fails to provide a basis for understanding, supporting, and implementing that decision.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 3 No. 1 (1992)
Introduction
Creators: name: Fineman, Martha Albertson
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 1992

description: All of the papers included in this issue of the Columbia Journal of Gender and Law were presented at the first feminist issues workshop sponsored by the Feminism and Legal Theory Project at Columbia Law School. This workshop, entitled “Reproductive Issues in a Post-Roe World,” was organized in response to the changing political shape of the United States Supreme Court which made it apparent that there were some urgent questions to be considered. Over the space of two days, twelve presentations were made on diverse issues related to reproduction. As the papers in this issue indicate, the workshop was intended to take in a broad range of reproductive issues, for example, exploring how the changing world of reproductive technology affects women’s rights, as well as considering the regulation of midwifery.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 3 No. 1 (1992)
A Ring of Voices: Reflections on The Alchemy of Race and Rights
Creators: name: Horn, Sharon K.
name: Cordano, Roberta J.
name: McCafferty, Maureen
name: Patterson, G.
name: Babcock, Barbara Allen
name: Peirce, Michael
name: Khosla, Dinesh
name: Romany, Celina
name: Hing, Bill Ong
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 1992

description: Instead of presenting a traditional book review, the members of the Journal turned to those people Patricia Williams thanks “for their invaluable conversation, inspiration, friendship, and encouragement” for their reflections on The Alchemy of Race and Rights: Diary of a Law Professor.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 2 No. 1 (1992)
The potential to be out of commission : an art practice for teacher contemplation
Creators: name: Thomas, Catherine
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: This study explores what can happen when a collective of art teachers come together to reside in a space that allows them to practice their impotential for nine months, deactivating the necessity to act as teachers, always in a mode of production (Agamben, 2013). Doing nothing at the site is not idle-ness but a radical gesture of conviviality (Illich, 1973). The distinction between what we cannot and can Not do is one I will emphasize in this dissertation, and is based on the philosopher, Giorgio Agamben’s (2013) distinction between (in)ability (something we can or cannot do) and (im)potentiality (something of which we can choose Not to do it). Through the creation of an experimental practice at a storefront site in Chicago called Spaces for Possibility, the artist collective enters into a heterotopic space (Foucault, 1984), a real place, where teachers can imagine what other worlds might be possible. As an artist collective made up of ten public school art teachers, and a researcher as participant, we put old uses, a building, to new use and queer use (Ahmed, 2020) as a space for possibilities to arise or not. In this experimental project, I employ research creation practices that support creative, affective and sensory processes of worlds unfolding, and being made, of stories accumulating and being re-arranged, of modes of responding and corresponding with each other (Ahmed, 2010; Haraway, 2017; Manning, 2014; Stewart, 2007). These practices afford me as a researcher the ability to create and design an experimental project that follows what is made or not made, documented and collected as events, scenes, and stories that build up as affects and other forms of accumulation at the site of this research, affording the researcher space to let emergent events unfurl without predetermined outcomes (Haraway, 2017; Stewart, 2007). The promise in this study is in how we come to the space permitting ourselves to imagine what other worlds we wish to inhabit as teachers, while we also put into question the ethical dilemmas of use and our potential to act.
Joint Statement of Principle: ORCID - connecting researchers and research
Creators: name: Australian National Data Service (ANDS)
name: Australasian Research Management Society (ARMS)
name: Council Of Australian University Librarians (CAUL)
name: Universities Australia (UA)
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015

description: On 14 April 2015 at an ORCID Implementers Roundtable in Canberra, the Joint Statement of Principle: ORCID – Connecting Researchers and Research was launched by representatives of Universities Australia (UA), the Australasian Research Management Society (ARMS), the Council of Australian University Librarians (CAUL) and the Australian National Data Service (ANDS). The statement, which has been endorsed by all four organisations, proposes that Australia’s research sector broadly embrace the use of ORCID as a common researcher identifier.
Stories in Law School: An Essay on Language, Participation, and the Power of Legal Education
Creators: name: Praagh, Shauna Van
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 1992

description: In the fall of 1986, the entering law school class at Queen’s University was greeted with an orientation address by Professor Toni Pickard. Professor Pickard welcomed the students by saying that law school is part of real life, rather than being a “way-station on the route to something else” and that the students were responsible for being active members of their new community during their tenure. She then introduced the class to the hierarchical organization of law school and warned them about the devaluation of personal knowledge that results from that structure: You may, most likely will, find your classes proceeding as if nothing you studied before, nothing you have learned through your life experience, is relevant. They also tend to proceed as if none of the wide differences among your professors’ backgrounds, commitments, and life experiences is relevant. This too creates a sense that The Law is There-even a pressure to see it that way- that Law is a thing to be grasped, and each of us has to put our self aside, has to understand It for what It is. But that is not right. It is right that there are certain understandings shared by most of those engaged with law-that legal stances, decisions, arguments have a certain self-understanding, and that law teachers are out to impart their own understanding of these self-understandings. But like any individual’s understanding of him or herself, these self- understandings are only partial.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 2 No. 1 (1992)