Sordaria macrospora Auersw., nov. Series
Creators: name: Yang, Erfu
name: Lu, Wenhua
name: Tibpromma, Saowaluck
name: Dai, Dongqin
name: Gao, Ying
name: Promputtha, Itthayakorn
name: Karunarathna, Samantha C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Fungi
Ascomycota
Sordariomycetes
Sordariales
Sordariaceae
Sordaria
Sordaria macrospora

description: <i>Sordaria macrospora</i> Auersw., Fungi Europaei exsiccati, Klotzschii herbarii vivi mycologici continuatio. Editio nov. Series secunda. Cent. 10: no. 954 (1866) (Figure 5) Index Fungorum number: IF 237763 Isolated from intestinal contents of dead American bullfrog larvae. <b>Sexual morph on PDA:</b> <i>Ascomata</i> 340–420 × 270–380 μm (x̅ = 330 × 380 μm, n=20), semi-immersed to superficial, perithecial, solitary or gregarious, ampulliform or pyriform, globose, coriaceous, brown to black, ostiolate. <i>Neck</i> 140–180 × 85–120 μm (x̅ = 160 × 99 μm, n=10) central, oblong, straight to bent, extended, blunt ends. <i>Peridium</i> consist of dark-brown, thick-walled cells of <i>textura angularis. Hamathecium</i> 6–15 wide (x̅ = 9.5 μm, n=20), numerous, wide, branched, septate, markedly constricted at the septa, hyaline, paraphyses. <i>Asci</i> 130–180 × 17–22 μm (̄x̅ = 155×19 μm, n=20), unitunicate, eight-spored, slenderly cylindrical, with a lobate pedicel and a prominent J- ring. <i>Ascospores</i> 20–30 × 15–20 μm (x̅ =25.5 × 15.5 μm, n=20), one-celled, ellipsoidal to ovoid, uniseriate, hyaline to golden to brown to black when mature, guttulate, with some prominent oil droplets, with a thin gelatinous sheath, acute to round ends, with a basal germ pore. <b>Asexual morph:</b> Undetermined. <b>Culture characteristics:</b> Colonies growing on PDA reach around 60 mm in diameter after one week at 27 °C, forming dark brown fruiting bodies within one month in PDA. Obverse: flat, white, entire edge, peripheral fertile. Reverse: pale brown. Without pigments produced in PDA. <b>Known substratum:</b> <i>Pinus sylvestris</i>, <i>Fagus sylvatica</i> (Petrini &amp; Fisher 1988); <i>Salix fragilis</i>, <i>Quercus robur</i> (Petrini &amp; Fisher 1990); <i>Olea europaea</i> (Fisher <i>et al.</i> 1992); <i>Eucalyptus nitens</i> (Fisher <i>et al.</i> 1993); <i>Dactylis glomerata</i> (Sanchez Marquez <i>et al.</i> 2007); Herbivore dung (Lytvynenko &amp; Hayova 2018); Intestinal contents of dead American bullfrog larvae (this study). <b>Known Distribution:</b> England (Petrini &amp; Fisher 1998,1990); Balearic Islands (Fisher <i>et al.</i> 1992); Australia (Fisher <i>et al.</i> 1993); Spain (Sanchez Marquez <i>et al.</i> 2007); Ukraine (Lytvynenko &amp; Hayova 2018); China (This study). <b>Material examined:</b> China, Yunnan Province, Qujing Normal University, on intestinal contents of dead American bullfrog larvae, GPS: 103°44’35”E, 25°30’46”N, 1856.6 m, Wen-hua Lu, ER3, (Herb. HKAS 125766), living culture 22-12509. <b>Notes:</b> <i>Sordaria macrospora</i> is a coprophilic homothallic pyrenomycete, a fungal model organism in biology that was first described in 1866 by Auerswald. Our isolate fits the concept of <i>S. macrospora</i> by having elongated neck, oblong asci with a “J-” apical ring, enwrap eight hyaline to golden to dark brown ascospores, ascospores uniseriate, visible distinct oil droplets when its young, present verruculose surface when it is mature, without gelatinous sheath (Lord &amp; Read 2011). The BLASTn results of ITS, and LSU showed our isolate (KUNCC 22-12509) are highly similar to <i>Sordaria</i> species (<i>Sordaria macrospora</i> CBS:346.62, <i>S. humana</i> CBS:416.82, <i>S. fimicola</i> CBS:566.67, <i>S. lappae</i> CBS:154.97, <i>S. tamaensis</i> and <i>S. nodulifera</i> NBRC:32551), with 99–100% similarity. However, the <i>tub2</i> gene is mostly similar to <i>Sordaria macrospora</i> (FGSC 4818) and <i>S. superba</i> (CBS 784.96) with 99% similarity, the <i>tub2</i> gene of other species is not available (Table 1). From morphology, <i>Sordaria superba</i> is different, as the ascospores are wrapped by a distinct gelatinous sheath with a single basal germ pore (Yul <i>et al.</i> 2010), our isolate is more similar to <i>S. macrospora</i> (ascomata: 370–400 (500) × 250–300 µm VS. 340–420 × 270–380 μm; and asci: 160–175 ×20 VS. 20–30 × 15–20 μm) (Ivanová <i>et al.</i> 2015). The phylogenetic tree indicated that our <i>Sordaria macrospora</i> KUNCC 22-12509 is complex with the other species that have high similarity in ITS, and LSU genes (Figure 2), and this problem may be caused by lacking <i>tub2</i> genes, therefore, our isolate KUNCC 22-12509 is identified based on morphological features (Table 2) coupled with BLASTn results and phylogenetic analyses as <i>Sordaria macrospora</i> which is a new host and country record.
description: Published as part of <i>Yang, Erfu, Lu, Wenhua, Tibpromma, Saowaluck, Dai, Dongqin, Gao, Ying, Promputtha, Itthayakorn &amp; Karunarathna, Samantha C., 2023, Three interesting fungi from American bullfrog larvae (Rana catesbeiana) in Yunnan, China, pp. 251-268 in Phytotaxa 587 (3)</i> on pages 259-260, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.587.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7744408
description: {"references": ["Petrini, O. &amp; Fisher, P. J. (1988) A comparative study of fungal endophytes in xylem and whole stem of Pinus sylvestris and Fagus sylvatica. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 91: 233 - 238. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0007 - 1536 (88) 80210 - 9", "Petrini, O. &amp; Fisher, P. J. (1990) Occurrence of fungal endophytes in twigs of Salix fragilis and Quercus robur. Mycology Research 94: 1077 - 1080. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0953 - 7562 (09) 81336 - 1", "Fisher, P. J., Petrini, O., Petrini, L. E. &amp; Descals, E. (1992) A preliminary study of fungi inhabiting xylem and whole stems of Olea europaea. Sydowia 44: 117 - 121.", "Fisher, P. J., Petrini, O. &amp; Sutton, B. C. (1993) A comparative study of fungal endophytes in leaves, xylem and bark of Eucalyptus in Australia and England. Sydowia 45: 338 - 345.", "Sanchez Marquez, S., Bills, G. F. &amp; Zabalgogeazcoa, I. (2007) The endophytic mycobiota of the grass Dactylis glomerata. Fungal Diversity 27: 171 - 195.", "Lytvynenko, Y. I. &amp; Hayova, V. P. (2018) New and noteworthy records of coprophilous species of Coniochaeta and Sordaria (Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota) from Ukraine. Ukrainian Botanical Journal 75: 538 - 551. https: // doi. org / 10.15407 / ukrbotj 75.06.538", "Lord, K. M. &amp; Read, N. D. (2011) Perithecium morphogenesis in Sordaria macrospora. Fungal Genetics and Biology 48: 388 - 399. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. fgb. 2010.11.009", "Yul, G., Mikos, I. G. &amp; OYu, A. (2010) New records of coprophilous ascomycetes in the Crimea. Chornomorski Botanical Journal 6: 67 - 83. https: // doi. org / 10.14255 / 2308 - 9628 / 10.61 / 6", "Ivanova, H., Pristas, P. &amp; Ondruskova, E. M. I. L. I. A. (2015) Comparison of two Coniochaeta species (C. ligniaria and C. malacotricha) with a new pathogen of black pine needles - S ordaria macrospora. Plant Protection Science 52: 18 - 25. https: // doi. org / 10.17221 / 45 / 2014 - PPS"]}