Sibinia femoralis Germar 1824
Creators: name: Skuhrovec, Jiří
name: Gosik, Rafał
name: Caldara, Roberto
name: Košťál, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Curculionidae
Sibinia
Sibinia femoralis

description: <i>Sibinia femoralis</i> Germar, 1824 Caldara, 1985: 45. <b>Material examined</b>. 17 larvae from seeds of <i>Silene sericea</i> All. collected 18.v. 1979 at the mouth of the river Posada (Nuoro province, Sardinia), leg. R. Caldara, and 16 (9 &amp;male;&amp;male;, 7 &amp;female;&amp;female;) pupae obtained from larvae collected similarly to the others, all determined by association with reared adults. <b>Differential diagnosis.</b> See Key to the immatures of the Palaearctic species of the genus <i>Sibinia</i> and Table. 3. <b>Description of mature larva.</b> COLORATION. Head brown to dark yellow. All thoracic and abdominal segments light yellow. HEAD CAPSULE AND MOUTH PARTS. Head width: 0.55–0.63 mm (see Table. 1). Endocarinal line present, distinctly reaching middle of frons. <i>Des</i> <i>1</i> very short, located almost in central parts of epicarnium; <i>des</i> <i>2</i> absent; <i>des</i> <i>3</i> long, located along frontal suture; <i>des</i> <i>4</i> absent; <i>des</i> <i>5</i> long, located anterolaterally (Fig. 16). <i>Fs</i> <i>1</i> and <i>fs</i> <i>2</i> absent; <i>fs</i> <i>3</i> very short, located medially; <i>fs</i> <i>4</i> moderately long, located anteromedially (along epistoma); <i>fs</i> <i>5</i> long, located anterolaterally (along epistoma) (Fig. 16). <i>Les</i> almost as long as <i>des</i> <i>3</i>; both <i>ves</i> short. Postepicranial area without <i>pes</i> and with 2 sensilla. Antennal segment membranous, bearing conical sensorium and 2 very short, conical, sensilla (Fig. 19). Clypeus (Fig. 20) 3.5 times as wide as long; without setae, and 1 sensillum, all located posterolaterally; anterior margin slightly rounded inside. Labrum (Fig. 20) approximately 2.3 times as wide as long; <i>lms</i> <i>1</i> distinctly shorter than <i>lms</i> <i>2</i>, and as long as <i>lms</i> <i>3</i>; anterior margin slightly sinuate. Epipharynx (Fig. 21) with 2 finger-like <i>als</i>, equal in length; with 3 short <i>ams</i>, <i>ams</i> <i>1</i> as long as <i>ams</i> <i>2</i>; with 2 relatively short and finger-like <i>mes</i> (see comments about <i>ams</i> and <i>mes</i> in Material and Methods); labral rods short, kidney-shaped, strongly converging posteriorly. Mandibles (Fig. 18) with 1 short <i>mds</i>. Maxilla (Fig. 17): stipes with 1 long <i>stps</i>, and with 2 long <i>pfs</i>, <i>pfs</i> <i>1</i> 1.5 times as long as <i>pfs</i> <i>2</i>; 1 very short <i>mbs</i>; mala with 4 slightly curved <i>dms</i>, similar in length; with 3 short <i>vms</i>, almost of equal length. Maxillary palpi: length ratio of basal and distal palpomeres 1: 1.5; basal palpomera with 1 short <i>mxps</i>; distal palpomera with group of 3–4 conical, cuticular apical processes. Prementum (Fig. 17) almost rounded, with 1 <i>prms</i>; margin of ligula slightly curved inside; ligula with 2 short <i>ligs</i>; premental sclerite clearly visible. Postmentum (Fig. 17) with 2 <i>pms</i>, <i>pms</i> <i>1</i> absent, long <i>pms</i> <i>2</i>, 3 times as long as <i>pms</i> <i>3</i>. THORAX AND ABDOMEN. Body length 3.50–4.50 mm (see Table. 1), elongate (Fig. 22). Abdominal segments I– V almost equal in length, slightly larger than abdominal segment VI and VII (Fig. 22). Spiracles on abdomen in median parts of segments (abdominal seg. I–VIII). Chaetotaxy of body rather reduced. Setae moderately long to very short and light yellow. <b>Thorax.</b> Prothorax (Fig. 23) with 7 <i>prn</i>, 6 macro- and 1 microsetae; 2 moderately short <i>ps</i> of same length; 1 moderately short <i>eus</i>. Meso- and metathorax (Fig. 23) with 1 short <i>prs</i>; 2 short <i>pds</i>, almost similar in length; alar area with 1 short <i>as</i>; 1 short <i>ss</i> (mesothorax without <i>ss</i>); 1 moderately short <i>eps</i>; 2 <i>ps</i>, similar in length; and 1 short <i>eus</i>. Each pedal area of thoracic segments well-separated and with 2–4 moderately long <i>pda</i>. <b>Abdomen.</b> Abdominal segments I–VII (Figs. 24, 25) with 1 moderately long <i>prs</i>; 3 short <i>pds</i> of similar length, <i>pds</i> <i>1</i> and <i>pds</i> <i>3</i> shorter than <i>pds</i> <i>2</i>; 2 <i>ss</i> of different length, <i>ss</i> <i>1</i> very short to minute, <i>ss</i> <i>2</i> moderately long; 2 short <i>eps</i> in equal length; 2 <i>ps</i> of similar length, <i>ps</i> <i>1</i> short and <i>ps</i> <i>2</i> moderately long; 1 moderately long <i>lsts</i>; and 2 moderately long to short <i>eus</i>. Abdominal segment VIII (Fig. 25) with 1 moderately long <i>prs</i>; 3 moderately short <i>pds</i> of similar length, <i>pds</i> <i>1</i> and <i>pds</i> <i>3</i> shorter than <i>pds</i> <i>2</i>; 1 very short <i>ss</i>; 2 moderately short <i>eps</i> in equal length; 2 short <i>ps</i>; 1 moderately short <i>lsts</i>; and 2 short <i>eus</i>. Abdominal segment IX (Fig. 25) with 2 short <i>ds</i> of similar length; 1 moderately short <i>ps</i>; and 2 short <i>sts</i> in equal length. Anal lobes on abdominal segment X (Fig. 25) without setae. <b>Description of pupa.</b> COLORATION. Body yellow. MORPHOLOGY (Figs. 26–30). Body length 2.80–3.30 mm; widest part 1.25 –2.00 mm (see Table. 2). Body rather stout. Rostrum long, approximately 6 times as long as wide, reaching over mesocoxae. Pronotum 1.65 times as wide as long. CHAETOTAXY (Figs. 26–30). Setae distinct, short, unequal in length, light brown or brown, almost as thornlike. <i>Pas</i> and <i>rs</i> distinctly shorter than other setae of head and rostrum (Fig. 27). <i>Ds</i> <i>2</i> distinctly shorter than other setae on pronotum (Fig. 29). Setae on abdominal segments I–VIII placed posteromedially and posterolaterally; all abdominal setae located on thorn-like protuberances, short, curved. Pseudocerci short, conical, curved to inside. <b>Biological observations.</b> The larvae fed on seeds, and mature larvae left the capsule. Pupation was observed 10 days after the larvae entered the soil. Adults were found in the cells 10 days later. <b>Remarks.</b> This is a common species with a wide Euro-Asiatic distribution that was reported to live on several species belonging to the genus <i>Silene</i> (<i>S</i>. <i>colorata</i> Poiret, <i>S</i>. <i>conica</i> L., <i>S. niceaensis</i> All., <i>S. otites</i> (L.) Wib., <i>S</i>. <i>portensis</i> L., <i>S</i>. <i>pseudatocion</i> Desf., <i>S</i>. <i>reflexa</i> Ait., and <i>S</i>. <i>sericea</i> All.: Hoffmann 1955; Scherf 1964; Caldara 1985). Adults are variable primarily in the pattern and color of the dorsal vestiture, with the consequence of the description of many different species and varieties in the past (Caldara 1985).
description: Published as part of <i>Skuhrovec, Jiří, Gosik, Rafał, Caldara, Roberto &amp; Košťál, Michael, 2015, Immatures of Palaearctic species of the weevil genus Sibinia (Coleoptera, Curculionidae): new descriptions and new bionomic data with suggestions on their potential value in a phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus, pp. 151-187 in Zootaxa 2</i> on pages 159-163, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3955.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/239116
description: {"references": ["Caldara, R. (1985) Revisione delle Sibinia paleartiche (Coleoptera Curculionidae). Memorie della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 62 / 63 (1983 - 1984), 24 - 105.", "Hoffmann, A. (1955) Coleopteres Curculionides (deuxieme partie). Faune de France, 59, 487 - 1207.", "Scherf, H. (1964) Die Entwicklungsstadien der mitteleuropaischen Curculioniden (Morphologie, Bionomie, Okologie). Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 506, 1 - 335."]}