cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Dimensional Transmutation by Monopole Condensation in QCD
Creators: name: Cho, Y. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare two competing conjectures of the color confinement in QCD, the monopole condensation and the Abelian dominance, and show that it is the monopole condensation which is responsible for the confinement. To demonstrate this we present a new gauge invariant integral expression of the one-loop QCD effective action which has no infra-red divergence. With this we show that, just as the GSO-projection restores the supersymmetry and modular invariance in NSR string theory, the color reflection invariance ("the C-projection") assures the gauge invariance and the stability of the monopole condensation. This establishes the monopole dominance in QCD. In doing so we point out critical defects in the calculation of the Savvidy-Nielsen-Olesen (SNO) effective action.
Story Telling as Planning and Learning
Creators: name: Lebowitz, Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1985
Subjects: Computer science
Artificial intelligence

description: The generation of extended plots for melodramatic fiction is an interesting task for Artificial Intelligence research, one that requires the application of generalization techniques to carry out fully. UNIVERSE is a story-telling program that uses plan-like units, "plot fragments," to generate plot outlines. By using a rich library of plot fragments and a well-developed set of characters, UNIVERSE can create a wide range of plot outlines. In this paper we illustrate how UNIVERSE's plot fragment library is used to create plot outlines and how it might be automatically extended using explanation-based generalization methods. Our methods are based on analysis of a television melodrama, including comparisons of similar stories.
Cosmological Constant, Dark Matter, and Electroweak Phase Transition
Creators: name: Chung, Daniel J. H.
name: Long, Andrew J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accepting the fine tuned cosmological constant hypothesis, we have recently proposed that this hypothesis can be tested if the dark matter freeze out occurs at the electroweak scale and if one were to measure an anomalous shift in the dark matter relic abundance. In this paper, we numerically compute this relic abundance shift in the context of explicit singlet extensions of the Standard Model and explore the properties of the phase transition which would lead to the observationally most favorable scenario. Through the numerical exploration, we explicitly identify a parameter space in a singlet extension of the standard model which gives order unity observable effects. We also clarify the notion of a temperature dependence in the vacuum energy.
description: 58 pages, 10 figures
Orchestrating the Dynamic Adaptation of Distributed Software with Process Technology
Creators: name: Valetto, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Computer science

description: Software systems are becoming increasingly complex to develop, understand, analyze, validate, deploy, configure, manage and maintain. Much of that complexity is related to ensuring adequate quality levels to services provided by software systems after they are deployed in the field, in particular when those systems are built from and operated as a mix of proprietary and non-proprietary components. That translates to increasing costs and difficulties when trying to operate large-scale distributed software ensembles in a way that continuously guarantees satisfactory levels of service. A solution can be to exert some form of dynamic adaptation upon running software systems: dynamic adaptation can be defined as a set of automated and coordinated actions that aim at modifying the structure, behavior and performance of a target software system, at run time and without service interruption, typically in response to the occurrence of some condition(s). To achieve dynamic adaptation upon a given target software system, a set of capabilities, including monitoring, diagnostics, decision, actuation and coordination, must be put in place. This research addresses the automation of decision and coordination in the context of an end-to-end and externalized approach to dynamic adaptation, which allows to address as its targets legacy and component-based systems, as well as new systems developed from scratch. In this approach, adaptation provisions are superimposed by a separate software platform, which operates from the outside of and orthogonally to the target application as a whole; furthermore, a single adaptation possibly spans concerted interventions on a multiplicity of target components. To properly orchestrate those interventions, decentralized process technology is employed for describing, activating and coordinating the work of a cohort of software actuators, towards the intended end-to-end dynamic adaptation. The approach outlined above, has been implemented in a prototype, code-named Workflakes, within the Kinesthetics eXtreme project investigating externalized dynamic adaptation, carried out by the Programming Systems Laboratory of Columbia University, and has been employed in a set of diverse case studies. This dissertation discusses and evaluates the concept of process-based orchestration of dynamic adaptation and the Workflakes prototype on the basis of the results of those case studies.
Finite-strain poro-visco-elasticity with degenerate mobility
Creators: name: Van Oosterhout, Willem
name: Liero, Matthias
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Poro-visco-elasticity
subject: finite-strain elasticity
subject: diffusion equation
subject: energy-dissipation inequality
subject: energy estimates
subject: time-incremental scheme
subject: 35K55
subject: 35K65
subject: 35Q74
subject: 74A30
subject: 35A01
subject: 76S05
subject: 35K51
subject: 74B20

description: A quasistatic nonlinear model for poro-visco-elastic solids at finite strains is considered in the Lagrangian frame using the concept of second-order nonsimple materials. The elastic stresses satisfy static frame-indifference, while the viscous stresses satisfy dynamic frame-indifference. The mechanical equation is coupled to a diffusion equation for a solvent or fluid content. The latter is pulled-back to the reference configuration. To treat the nonlinear dependence of the mobility tensor on the deformation gradient, the result by Healey & Krömer is used to show that the determinant of the deformation gradient is bounded away from zero. Moreover, the focus is on the physically relevant case of degenerate mobilities. The existence of weak solutions is shown using a staggered time-incremental scheme and suitable energy-dissipation inequalities.
Hybrid functional electronic structure of PbPdO$_2$, a small-gap semiconductor
Creators: name: Kurzman, Joshua A.
name: Miao, Mao-Sheng
name: Seshadri, Ram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: PbPdO$_2$, a ternary compound containing the lone-pair active ion Pb$^{2+}$ and the square-planar d$^8$ Pd$^{2+}$ ion, has attracted recent interest because of the suggestion that its electronic structure, calculated within density functional theory using either the local density or the generalized gradient approximations, displays zero-gap behavior. In light of the potential ease of doping magnetic ions in this structure, it has been suggested that the introduction of spin, in conjunction with zero band gap, can result in unusual magnetic ground states and unusual magnetotransport. It is known that most electronic structure calculations do not properly obtain a band gap even for the simple oxide PdO, and instead obtain a metal or a zero-gap semiconductor. Here we present density functional calculations employing a screened hybrid functional (HSE) which correctly obtain a band gap for the electronic structure of PdO. When employed to calculate the electronic ground state of PbPdO$_2$, a band gap is again obtained, which is consistent both with the experimental data on this compound, as well as a consideration of valence states and of metal-oxygen connectivity in the crystal structure. We also present comparisons of the absolute positions (relative to the vacuum level) of the conduction band minima and the valence band maxima in α-PbO, PdO and PbPdO$_2$, which suggest ease of $p$-type doping in PbPdO$_2$ that has been observed even in nominally pure materials.
Colorado water, February 2005
Creators: name: Blumanhourst, Gloria
name: Colorado Water Resources Research Institute, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Water resources development -- Colorado
subject: Water use -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Management -- Colorado

description: The scope of the newsletter is devoted to enhancing communication between Colorado water users and managers and faculty at the research universities in the state.
description: Newsletter of the Water Center at Colorado State University.
Reconstruction and Local Recovery of Data from Synchronization Errors
Creators: name: Zhu, Minshen
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: Coding, information theory and compression
Bioinformatic methods development

description: In this thesis we study the complexity of data recovery from synchronization errors, namely insertion and deletion (insdel) errors. Insdel Locally Decodable Codes (Insdel LDCs) are error-correcting codes that admit super-efficient decoding algorithms even in the presence of many insdel errors. The study of such codes for Hamming errors have spanned several decades, whereas work on the insdel analogue had amounted to only a few papers before our work. This work initiates a systematic study of insdel LDCs, seeking to bridge this gap through designing codes and proving limitations. Our upper bounds essentially match those for Hamming LDCs in important ranges of parameters, even though insdel LDCs are more general than Hamming LDCs. Our main results are lower bounds that are exponentially stronger than the ones inherited from the Hamming LDCs. These results also have implications for the well-studied variant of relaxed LDCs. For this variant, besides showing the first results in the insdel setting, we also answer an open question for the Hamming variant by showing a strong lower bound. In the trace reconstruction problem, the goal is to recover an unknown source string x \in {0,1}n from random traces, which are obtained by hitting the source string with random deletion/insertions at a fixed rate. Mean-based algorithms are a class of reconstruction algorithms whose outputs depend only on the empirical estimates of individual bits. The number of traces needed for mean-based trace reconstruction has already been settled. We further study the performance of mean-based algorithms in a scenario where one wants to distinguish between two source strings parameterized by their edit distance, and we also provide explicit construction of strings that are hard to distinguish. We further establish an equivalence to the Prouhet-Tarry-Escott problem from number theory, which ends up being an obstacle to constructing explicit hard instances against mean-based algorithms.
Masculinity, heteronormativity and young men's sexual health in British Columbia, Canada
Creators: name: Knight, Rodney Eric
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Background: Young men account for a substantial proportion of reported sexually transmitted infection (STI) and HIV cases in Canada. However, STI/HIV testing rates remain low among young men. While men’s health-related behaviour have been linked to masculine expectations that demand stoicism, independence and denial of illness, little is known about how dominant masculine and/or heteronormative expectations may affect men’s sexual health-related practices that can put them at both an elevated risk of acquiring an STI(s)/HIV and/or affect their ability to access STI/HIV testing services. The objectives of this thesis are to: (1) explore how heteronormative and heterosexist discourses function within clinical settings where young men access STI testing services to better understand the extent to which dominant masculine ideals are (re)produced or resisted in these clinical contexts; (2) identify the social and contextual conditions which facilitate or create barriers to effective sexual health communication amongst men, paying special attention to how idealised masculinities influence these interactions; (3) develop recommendations for sexual health services and future research to improve the sexual health of young men in BC. Results: The findings drawn from this research highlight how idealized masculinity influences young men’s sexual health, including their sexual health-seeking behaviour, sexual practices and the ways in which they talk about sexual health. Specifically revealed are instances in which dominant heternormative expectations ‘hurt’ all men in clinical encounters (e.g., by stereotyping gay men as ‘risky’, thereby alleviating STI/HIV concern for straight men by virtue of their sexual identity). Men’s conversations about sexual health focused primarily around their sexual encounters (e.g., using ironic/teasing humour to embody masculine identities that neither dismiss nor actively express concerns about sexual health), amid processes of ‘manning up’ to break with dominant masculinity (e.g., stoicism) to permit talk about sexual health with peers or sex partners. Discussion: By examining situations in which men (and clinicians) align with or socially reconfigure idealized notions of masculinity related to sexual health, theorists and interventions will better understand how more equitable gender relations can be produced, thereby improving the sexual health of men (and women).
Closing in on a perturbative fourth generation
Creators: name: Buchkremer, Mathieu
name: Gérard, Jean-Marc
name: Maltoni, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A perturbative new family of fermions is now severely constrained, though not excluded yet. We reconsider the current bounds (i.e., direct and from Higgs searches, R_b, oblique parameters) on the fourth generation parameter space assuming the case of a small CKM mixing with the third generation. We identify viable scenarios featuring either a light or a heavy Higgs boson. A set of representative benchmark points targeted for LHC searches is proposed with a normal (inverted) quark mass hierarchy where t' -> b'W (b' -> tW) decays are sizable. In the case where the fourth generation couplings to the lighter quark families are small, we suggest that search strategies at the LHC should include both pair (strong) and single (weak) production with bb+nW (n=2,...,6) final state signatures.
description: 23 pages, 6 figures, v2: some issues clarified and references added. To appear in JHEP
Nonradiative lifetimes in intermediate band materials - absence of lifetime recovery
Creators: name: Krich, Jacob J.
name: Halperin, Bertrand I.
name: Aspuru-Guzik, Alán
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Intermediate band photovoltaics hold the promise of being highly efficient and cost effective photovoltaic cells. Intermediate states in the band gap, however, are known to facilitate nonradiative recombination. Much effort has been dedicated to producing metallic intermediate bands in hopes of producing lifetime recovery -- an increase in carrier lifetime as doping levels increase. We show that lifetime recovery induced by the insulator-to-metal transition will not occur, because the metallic extended states will be localised by phonons during the recombination process. Only trivial forms of lifetime recovery, e.g., from an overall shift in intermediate levels, are possible. Future work in intermediate band photovoltaics must focus on optimizing subgap optical absorption and minimizing recombination, but not via lifetime recovery.
description: 8 pages
DADO: A Parallel Computer for Artificial Intelligence
Creators: name: Stolfo, Salvatore
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1985
Subjects: Computer science
Artificial intelligence

description: This report outlines the development of a specific parallel machine architecture which has come to be called DADO. DADO is a binary tree-structured multiprocessor architecture incorporating thousands of moderately powerful processing elements (PE's). Each PE consists of a fully programmable microcomputer with a modest amount of local memory.
Temperature Balance Equation Activity
Creators: name: Juliana, Justin
Publisher: name: QUBES Educational Resources
Year: 2023

description: Students learn about the temperature balance equation. They then conduct a thought experiment (with a worksheet) using the components of the equation to manage their heat balance for survival on a desert island. They then explore the components of the equation as applied to animals and plants Temperature balance learning objectives. 1. Interpret and apply an energy balance equation 2. Identify and understand thermal strategies in animals & plants.
Colorado water, May/June 2017
Creators: name: Mokry, Melissa
name: Colorado Water Institute, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Water resources development -- Colorado
subject: Water use -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Management -- Colorado

description: The newsletter is devoted to highlighting water research and activities at CSU and throughout Colorado.
description: Newsletter of the Colorado Water Center. Theme: Student research.
Scattering and Sequestering of Blow-Up Moduli in Local String Models
Creators: name: Conlon, Joseph P.
name: Witkowski, Lukas T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the scattering and sequestering of blow-up fields - either local to or distant from a visible matter sector - through a CFT computation of the dependence of physical Yukawa couplings on the blow-up moduli. For a visible sector of D3-branes on orbifold singularities we compute the disk correlator < τ_s^{(1)} τ_s^{(2)} ... τ_s^{(n)} ψψϕ> between orbifold blow-up moduli and matter Yukawa couplings. For n = 1 we determine the full quantum and classical correlator. This result has the correct factorisation onto lower 3-point functions and also passes numerous other consistency checks. For n > 1 we show that the structure of picture-changing applied to the twist operators establishes the sequestering of distant blow-up moduli at disk level to all orders in α'. We explain how these results are relevant to suppressing soft terms to scales parametrically below the gravitino mass. By giving vevs to the blow-up fields we can move into the smooth limit and thereby derive CFT results for the smooth Swiss-cheese Calabi-Yaus that appear in the Large Volume Scenario.
description: 51 pages, 7 figures; v2: references added
Explicit cost bounds of algorithms for multivariate tensor product problems
Creators: name: Wasilkowski, Grzegorz W.
name: Wozniakowski, Henryk
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1994
Subjects: Computer science

description: We study multivariate tensor product problems in the worst case and average case settings. They are denied on functions of d variables For arbitrary d we provide explicit upper bounds on the costs of algorithms which compute an approximation to the solution.
Colorado water, October 1998
Creators: name: Bryant, J. B.
name: McCaig, Veva
name: Carillo, John
name: Miller, Shirley
name: Colorado Water Resources Research Institute, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Water resources development -- Colorado
subject: Water use -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Management -- Colorado

description: The scope of the newsletter is devoted to enhancing communication between Colorado water users and managers and faculty at the research universities in the state.
description: Newsletter of the Colorado Water Resources Research Institute.
Estimating a largest eigenvector by polynomial algorithms with a random start
Creators: name: Leyk, Z.
name: Wozniakowski, Henryk
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1996
Subjects: Computer science

description: In 7 and 8 the power and Lanczos algorithms with random start for estimating the largest eigenvalue of an n x n large symmetric positive definite matrix were analyzed. In this paper we continue this study by estimating an eigenvector corresponding to the largest eigenvalue. We analyze polynomial algorithms using Krylov information for two error criteria the randomized error and the randomized residual error.
The topology of cross-border exposures: beyond the minimal spanning tree approach
Creators: name: Spelta, Alessandro
name: Araújo, Tanya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The recent financial crisis has stressed the need to understand financial systems as networks of interdependent countries, where cross-border financial linkages play the fundamental role. It has also been emphasized that the relevance of these networks relies on the representation of changes follow-on the occurrence of stress events. Adopting a topological approach we are able to address the role that network structures play in the spread of shocks and conversely, the effectiveness of stress events and its impact on the structure of the networks. Here, from series of interbank liabilities and claims over different time periods, we have developed networks of positions (net claims) between countries. Besides the Minimal Spanning Tree analysis of the time-constrained networks, a coefficient of residuality is defined to capture the structural evolution of the network of cross-border financial linkages. Because some structural changes seem to be related to the role that countries play in the financial context, networks of debtor and creditor countries are also developed. Empirical results allows to relate the network structure that emerges in the last years to the globally turbulent period that has characterized financial systems since the latest nineties. The residuality coefficient highlights an important modification acting in the financial linkages across countries in the period 1997-2011, and situates the recent financial crises as replica of a larger structural change going on since 1997.
description: 22 pages, 8 figures
Guide to the Unification Process and Its Implementation: Progress Report on Extending the Grammar
Creators: name: Paris, Cecile L.
name: Liong, Kwee Tjoe
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1985
Subjects: Computer science
Artificial intelligence

description: There are two steps in generating an English sentence using a functional grammar: unification with the grammar and linearization of the resulting structure. This report is intended as an introduction and a guide to the unification process and its implementation. The program and grammar used are modified versions of those used in the TEXT system [McKeown 82]. We describe the major functions of the program, noting how we have made it more general and more efficient. We also describe the extensions and improvements made to the original functional grammar used in the TEXT system.
Rossby wave instability at dead zone boundaries in 3D resistive magnetohydrodynamical global models of protoplanetary disks
Creators: name: Lyra, Wladimir
name: Mac Low, Mordecai-Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been suggested that the transition between magnetorotationally active and dead zones in protoplanetary disks should be prone to the excitation of vortices via Rossby wave instability (RWI). However, the only numerical evidence for this has come from alpha disk models, where the magnetic field evolution is not followed, and the effect of turbulence is parametrized by Laplacian viscosity. We aim to establish the phenomenology of the flow in the transition in 3D resistive-magnetohydrodynamical models. We model the transition by a sharp jump in resistivity, as expected in the inner dead zone boundary, using the Pencil Code to simulate the flow. We find that vortices are readily excited in the dead side of the transition. We measure the mass accretion rate finding similar levels of Reynolds stress at the dead and active zones, at the $α\approx 10^{-2}$ level. The vortex sits in a pressure maximum and does not migrate, surviving until the end of the simulation. A pressure maximum in the active zone also triggers the RWI. The magnetized vortex that results should be disrupted by parasitical magneto-elliptic instabilities, yet it subsists in high resolution. This suggests that either the parasitic modes are still numerically damped, or that the RWI supplies vorticity faster than they can destroy it. We conclude that the resistive transition between the active and dead zones in the inner regions of protoplanetary disks, if sharp enough, can indeed excite vortices via RWI. Our results lend credence to previous works that relied on the alpha-disk approximation, and caution against the use of overly reduced azimuthal coverage on modeling this transition.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, accepted by ApJ
Exploiting the Structure in DHT Overlays for DoS Protection
Creators: name: Stavrou, Angelos
name: Keromytis, Angelos D.
name: Rubenstein, Daniel Stuart
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Computer science

description: Peer to Peer (P2P) systems that utilize Distributed Hash Tables (DHTs) provide a scalable means to distribute the handling of lookups. However, this scalability comes at the expense of increased vulnerability to specific types of attacks. In this paper, we focus on insider denial of service (DoS) attacks on such systems. In these attacks, nodes that are part of the DHT system are compromised and used to flood other nodes in the DHT with excessive request traffic. We devise a distributed lightweight protocol that detects such attacks, implemented solely within nodes that participate in the DHT. Our approach exploits inherent structural invariants of DHTs to ferret out attacking nodes whose request patterns deviate from "normal" behavior. We evaluate our protocol's ability to detect attackers via simulation within a Chord network. The results show that our system can detect a simple attacker whose attack traffic deviates by as little as 5\% from a normal request traffic. We also demonstrate the resiliency of our protocol to coordinated attacks by up to as many as 25\% of nodes. Our work shows that DHTs can protect themselves from insider flooding attacks, eliminating an important roadblock to their deployment and use in untrusted environments.
MacShim: Compiling MATLAB to a Scheduling-Independent Concurrent Language
Creators: name: Subramaniam, Neesha
name: Edwards, Stephen A.
name: Ohan, Oda
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Computer science

description: Nondeterminism is a central challenge in most concurrent models of computation. That programmers must worry about races and other timing-dependent behavior is a key reason that parallel programming has not been widely adopted. The SHIM concurrent language, intended for hardware/software codesign applications, avoids this problem by providing deterministic (race-free) concurrency, but does not support automatic parallelization of sequential algorithms. In this paper, we present a compiler able to parallelize a simple MATLAB-like language into concurrent SHIM processes. From a user-provided partitioning of arrays to processes, our compiler divides the program into coarse-grained processes and schedules and synthesizes inter-process communication. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on some image-processing algorithms.
Inhibition of STAT3 decreases OSM induced EDA-FN expression in human lung fibroblasts
Creators: name: Tse, Joyce
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Fibrosis is excessive deposition of connective tissue components that results in the destruction of normal tissue architecture and compromises organ function. When fibrosis occurs in the major organs such as the lung, for example in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), it inevitably leads to organ failure and premature death of the afflicted individual. The development of fibrosis follows a similar pathway to normal wound healing, although there is chronic progression of the disease without resolution, suggesting the fine control of cellular functions that occur during wound healing is disturbed. Determining where this control is lost is paramount to preventing and treating this condition. Fibroblasts are the main cell type responsible for extracellular matrix (ECM) production. The transcription factor signal-transducer-and-activator-of-transcription-3 (STAT-3) regulates genes involved in cell differentiation and wound healing. It has been shown that fibroblasts isolated from normal and IPF lungs differ in STAT3 dependent interleukin-6 (IL-6)/glycoprotein 130 (gp130) cell signaling and proliferation. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate whether STAT3 inhibition could decrease expression of ECM proteins, including collagen and extra-domain A fibronectin (EDA-FN) in human lung fibroblasts. We also sought to examine the effect of knocking down STAT3 function on fibroblast proliferation. Cells were exposed to Oncostatin-M (OSM) or IL-6, and collagen-1 and EDA-FN protein expression was analyzed by western blotting, while cell proliferation was assessed by bromo-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation. STAT3 function was inhibited in two ways: Firstly, inhibition with a small molecule inhibitor, STA-21, blocks STAT3 dimerization and nuclear translocation and secondly, inhibition of STAT3 gene transcription by short interfering RNA (siRNA). Both methods inhibited OSM induced EDA-FN expression and proliferation in human fetal lung (HFL) fibroblasts. However, STAT3 had negligible effects in adult lung fibroblasts. We attempted to resolve the disparate effects by inhibiting another downstream signaling pathway, the extracellular receptor kinase (ERK)-1/2, which is also activated by gp130. In conclusion, OSM induced EDA-FN expression and cell proliferation in HFL fibroblasts are dependent upon STAT3 activation. In contrast, STAT3 has minimal involvement in adult cells. The mechanisms underlying these disparate effects remain to be elucidated. Interestingly, inhibiting either STAT3 or ERK1/2 inhibited OSM induced proliferation in HFL fibroblasts.
J/psi polarization at Tevatron and LHC: Nonrelativistic-QCD factorization at the crossroads
Creators: name: Butenschoen, Mathias
name: Kniehl, Bernd A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the polarization observables of J/psi hadroproduction at next-to-leading order within the factorization formalism of nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics. We complete the present knowledge of the relativistic corrections by also providing the contribution due to the intermediate ^3P_J^{[8]} color-octet states at this order, which turns out to be quite significant. Exploiting the color-octet long-distance matrix elements previously extracted through a global fit to experimental data of unpolarized J/psi production, we provide theoretical predictions in the helicity and Collins-Soper frames and compare them with data taken by CDF at Fermilab Tevatron I and II and by ALICE at CERN LHC. The notorious CDF J/psi polarization anomaly familiar from leading-order analyses persists at the quantum level, while the situation looks promising for the LHC, which is bound to bring final clarification.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures; minor changes to the text, 3 references added; accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters
Colorado water, April 1995
Creators: name: Brady, Cindy
name: Eyre, Julie
name: Marsh, Jill
name: Klein, Kathleen
name: Williams, David
name: Miller, Shirley
name: Colorado Water Resources Research Institute, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Water resources development -- Colorado
subject: Water use -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Management -- Colorado

description: The scope of the newsletter is devoted to enhancing communication between Colorado water users and managers and faculty at the research universities in the state.
description: Newsletter of the Colorado Water Resources Research Institute.
Environmental Pollution & Public Health (Project EDDIE)
Creators: name: Lecher, Alanna
Publisher: name: QUBES Educational Resources
Year: 2023

description: Environmental health is a field of study within public health that is concerned with human-environment interactions, and specifically, how the environment influences public well-being. In this module, students will explore how environmental pollution impacts public health through comparing cancer rates of areas with known environmental pollutants to the national average through a t-test. Students can further their knowledge by comparing the concentrations of atmospheric pollutants in areas with known sources to control sites without such sources. Project EDDIE modules are designed with an A-B-C structure to make them flexible and adaptable to a range of student levels and course structures.
Powerful relativistic jets in spiral galaxies
Creators: name: Foschini, Luigi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery of high-energy (E>100 MeV) gamma rays from Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 Galaxies (gamma-NLS1s) has confirmed the presence of powerful relativistic jets in this class of active galactic nuclei (AGN). Although the jet emission is similar to that of blazars and radio galaxies, gamma-NLS1s have some striking differences: relatively small masses (10^6-10^8 M_sun), high accretion rates (0.1-1 times the Eddington limit) and are generally hosted by spiral galaxies. It is now possible to study a rather unexplored range of mass and accretion rates of AGN with relativistic jets. Specifically, in this work I present some results obtained by comparing a sample of blazars and gamma-NLS1s with another sample of Galactic binaries with relativistic jets (stellar mass black holes and neutron stars).
description: 6 pages, 2 figures. Minor corrections after the referee's report. Contribution for the Proceedings of HEPRO3 (Barcelona, 27 June - 1 July 2011). To be published on the International Journal of Modern Physics Conference Series, edited by J.M. Paredes, M. Rib\'o, F.A. Aharonian and G.E. Romero
Datum-Wise Classification: A Sequential Approach to Sparsity
Creators: name: Dulac-Arnold, Gabriel
name: Denoyer, Ludovic
name: Preux, Philippe
name: Gallinari, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a novel classification technique whose aim is to select an appropriate representation for each datapoint, in contrast to the usual approach of selecting a representation encompassing the whole dataset. This datum-wise representation is found by using a sparsity inducing empirical risk, which is a relaxation of the standard L 0 regularized risk. The classification problem is modeled as a sequential decision process that sequentially chooses, for each datapoint, which features to use before classifying. Datum-Wise Classification extends naturally to multi-class tasks, and we describe a specific case where our inference has equivalent complexity to a traditional linear classifier, while still using a variable number of features. We compare our classifier to classical L 1 regularized linear models (L 1-SVM and LARS) on a set of common binary and multi-class datasets and show that for an equal average number of features used we can get improved performance using our method.
description: ECML2011
Control Strategies for Two Player Games
Creators: name: Abramson, Bruce
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1986
Subjects: Computer science

description: Computer games have been around for almost as long as computers. Most of these games, however, have been designed in a rather ad hoc manner because many of their basic components have never been adequately defined. In this paper some deficiencies in the standard model of computer games, the minimax model, are pointed out and the issues that a general theory must address are outlined. Most of the discussion is done in the context of control strategies, or sets of criteria for move selection. A survey of control strategies brings together results from two fields: implementations of real games and theoretical predictions derived on simplified game-trees. The interplay between these results suggests a series of open problems that have arisen during the course of both analytic experimentation and practical experience as the basis for a formal theory.
Radiation-Hydrodynamic Simulations of Protostellar Outflows: Synthetic Observations and Data Comparisons
Creators: name: Offner, S. S. R.
name: Lee, E. J.
name: Goodman, A. A.
name: Arce, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results from three-dimensional, self-gravitating, radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of low-mass protostellar outflows. We construct synthetic observations in 12CO in order to compare with observed outflows and evaluate the effects of beam resolution and outflow orientation on inferred outflow properties. To facilitate the comparison, we develop a quantitative prescription for measuring outflow opening angles. Using this prescription, we demonstrate that, in both simulations and synthetic observations, outflow opening angles broaden with time similarly to observed outflows. However, the interaction between the outflowing gas and the turbulent core envelope produces significant asymmetry between the red and blue shifted outflow lobes. We find that applying a velocity cutoff may result in outflow masses that are underestimated by a factor 5 or more, and masses derived from optically thick CO emission further underpredict the mass of the high-velocity gas by a factor of 5-10. Derived excitation temperatures indicate that outflowing gas is hotter than the ambient gas with temperature rising over time, which is in agreement with the simulation gas temperatures. However, excitation temperatures are otherwise not well correlated with the actual gas temperature.
description: 13 pages, accepted to ApJ
Modeling and Managing Content Changes in Text Databases
Creators: name: Ipeirotis, Panagiotis G.
name: Ntoulas, Alexandros
name: Cho, Junghoo
name: Gravano, Luis
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Computer science

description: Large amounts of (often valuable) information are stored in web-accessible text databases. "Metasearchers" provide unified interfaces to query multiple such databases at once. For efficiency, metasearchers rely on succinct statistical summaries of the database contents to select the best databases for each query. So far, database selection research has largely assumed that databases are static, so the associated statistical summaries do not need to change over time. However, databases are rarely static and the statistical summaries that describe their contents need to be updated periodically to reflect content changes. In this paper, we first report the results of a study showing how the content summaries of 152 real web databases evolved over a period of 52 weeks. Then, we show how to use "survival analysis" techniques in general, and Cox's proportional hazards regression in particular, to model database changes over time and predict when we should update each content summary. Finally, we exploit our change model to devise update schedules that keep the summaries up to date by contacting databases only when needed, and then we evaluate the quality of our schedules experimentally over real web databases.
Animer des grands groupes où chaque participant⋅e contribue à l'émergence d'un projet commun
Creators: name: Balli, Fabio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: méthodes de facilitation
animation de groupes
team-building
dynamique de formation
éducation ouverte et libre
pédagogie de l'opprimé
changement émergent
andragogie ouverte
co-création
énovation

description: On retrouve souvent deux dynamiques dans les grands groupes. D'une part les conférences, forums, congrès, symposiums, conventions ; d'autre part les hackathons, forum ouverts, open cafés, unconferences, game jams. Malheureusement, ces dynamiques ne favorisent pas l’émergence d’un projet commun. Une troisième voie permet de co-créer, à partir des réalités individuelles, un contenu commun. L’engagement de chacun⋅e permet d’atteindre un résultat partagé, en préservant l’énergie unie. Ce document présente six étapes pour mettre en place une telle dynamique. English version
On the Optimal Solution of Large Linear Systems
Creators: name: Traub, Joseph F.
name: Wozniakowski, Henryk
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1982
Subjects: Computer science

description: The information-based study of the optimal solution of large linear systems is initiated by studying the case of Krylov information. Among the algorithms which use Krylov information are minimal residual, conjugate gradient, Chebyshev, and successive approximation algorithms. A "sharp" lower bound on the number of matrix-vector multiplications required to compute an E- approximation is obtained for any orthogonally invariant class of matrices. Examples of such classes include many of practical interest such as symmetric matrices, symmetric positive definite matrices, and matrices with bounded condition number. It is shown that the minimal residual algorithm is within at most one matrix-vector multiplication of the lower bound. A similar result is obtained for the generalized minimal residual algorithm. The lower bound is computed for certain classes of orthogonally invariant matrices. We show how the lack of certain properties (symmetry, positive definiteness) increases the lower bound. A conjecture and a number of open problems are stated.
Signatures of Supersymmetry from the Early Universe
Creators: name: Baumann, Daniel
name: Green, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supersymmetry plays a fundamental role in the radiative stability of many inflationary models. Spontaneous breaking of the symmetry inevitably leads to fields with masses of order the Hubble scale during inflation. When these fields couple to the inflaton they produce a unique signature in the squeezed limit of the three-point function of primordial curvature perturbations. In this paper, we make this connection between naturalness, supersymmetry, Hubble-mass degrees of freedom and the squeezed limit precise. To study the physics in a model-insensitive way, we develop a supersymmetric effective theory of inflation. We use the effective theory to classify all possible interactions between the inflaton and the additional fields, and determine which ones naturally allow large non-Gaussianities when protected by supersymmetry. Finally, we discuss the tantalizing prospect of using cosmological observations as a probe of supersymmetry.
description: 41 pages, v2: References added. Improved discussion of mixing terms
Colorado water, January/February 2019
Creators: name: Mokry, Melissa
name: Boehmer, Catie
name: Colorado Water Institute, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Water resources development -- Colorado
subject: Water use -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Management -- Colorado

description: The newsletter is devoted to highlighting water research and activities at CSU and throughout Colorado.
description: Newsletter of the Colorado Water Center. Theme: Environmental justice.
A pilot-scale examination of a novel high pressure grinding roll / stirred mill comminution circuit for hard-rock mining applications
Creators: name: Drozdiak, Jeffrey Adam
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The mining industry will be faced with new challenges as the need to develop lower grade ore deposits expands to meet the rising demand for raw resources. Low-grade deposits require a substantially increased tonnage to achieve adequate metal production and have caused the consumption of energy in mining practices such as comminution to rise dramatically. If improvements could be made in the processes employed for metal extraction, the mining industry could remain sustainable for future generations. This research focused on the development of a novel comminution circuit design to addresses these issues. The circuit design incorporated two, known energy efficient technologies, the High Pressure Grinding Roll (HPGR) and the horizontal high-speed stirred mill, and examined the technical feasibility of a circuit operating without the need for a tumbling mill. The main objectives of this research were to setup pilot-scale research equipment and develop the design criteria necessary to operate an HPGR / stirred mill circuit. Testing consisted of using a copper-nickel sulphide ore from Teck Limited’s Mesaba deposit to evaluate a circuit comprised of two stages of HPGR comminution followed by stirred mill grinding. To evaluate the potential energy benefits of this novel circuit arrangement, energy consumption related to comminution was calculated for the circuit using power draw readings off the main motor and the throughput recorded during testing. To provide a basis for comparison, the energy requirements for two conventional circuits, a cone crusher / ball mill and an HPGR / ball mill, were determined through HPGR pilot-scale testing, Bond grindability testing and JK SimMet® flowsheet simulation. Results from this research showed that operating the first-stage HPGR in open circuit and the second stage in closed circuit with a 710µm screen, resulted in a circuit energy requirement of 14.85kWh/t, a reduction of 9.2 and 16.7% over the HPGR / ball mill and cone crusher / ball mill circuits, respectively. To assist in future HPGR / stirred mill studies, a refined testing procedure was developed with a reduced sample commitment and the ability to perform an energy comparison with a Semi-Autogenous Grinding (SAG) mill / ball mill circuit.