Ρομαντισμός και Φιλελληνισμός: μελέτη μη ευρέως γνωστών κειμένων
Creators: name: Παντελής, Ισίδωρος Γεωργίου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2020
Subjects: Φιλελληνισμός
Ρομαντισμός
Μη ευρέως γνωστών κειμένων
Philhellenism
Romanticism
Less known texts

description: Η ενασχόληση του ανθρώπου με την ιστορία του και το παρελθόν του πηγάζει κυρίως από την ανάγκη του για γνώση και για καθορισμό της ταυτότητάς του. Όμως αυτή η ενασχόληση δίνει και τη δυνατότητα να προσεγγίσει ο μελετητής, μέσα από τα διαφορετικά είδη πηγών που υπάρχουν, τα γεγονότα του παρελθόντος, τις προσωπικότητες, καθώς και τις πράξεις τους και τα δημιουργήματά τους. Έχοντας λοιπόν κατά νου ότι και τα λογοτεχνικά έργα κάθε εποχής εντάσσονται σε αυτό το είδος "παρακαταθήκης δημιουργημάτων", μας δίνεται η δυνατότητα, μέσα από την τη μελέτη των κειμένων, να κατανοήσουμε σε μια πληρέστερη βάση το παρελθόν. Στόχος της παρούσας διπλωματικής αποτελεί η ενασχόληση με συγγραφείς και κείμενα της ιταλικής λογοτεχνίας, που δεν είχαν πρωτίστως αναλυθεί, στην ελληνική τουλάχιστον σε κάποια επισήμως δημοσιευμένη εργασία, με θέμα τον Φιλελληνισμό και την επιρροή τους από τον Ρομαντισμό. Θεωρώ ότι είναι ιδιαίτερα σημαντικό το ελληνόφωνο κοινό να γνωρίσει το φιλελληνικό έργο σχεδόν άγνωστων συγγραφέων και διανοούμενων του 19ου αιώνα οι οποίοι μέσω των γραπτών τους συνέβαλαν στον απελευθερωτικό αγώνα των Ελλήνων, τον ανέδειξαν και έβλεπαν μέσα σ’ αυτόν ένα δυνατό παράδειγμα για όλους τους καταπιεσμένους λαούς. Η συμβολή των Ιταλών φιλελλήνων λογοτεχνών στην πορεία του φιλελληνικού κινήματος είναι σημαντική και κάποιοι από αυτούς, λιγότερο γνωστοί, παρουσιάζονται εδώ. Τα έργα αυτά δημοσιεύθηκαν σε διαφορετικές περιοχές της Ιταλίας, από το βορρά ως το νότο, με τους συγγραφείς τους μέλη των κοινοτήτων περιοχών που βίωσαν έντονα την καταπίεση ηγεμόνων και στις οποίες ξέσπασαν σημαντικές αντιδράσεις. Venezia, Cassano all’Ionio (Calabria), Catania (Sicilia), Lanzè (comune di Vicenza), αποτελούν τις γενέτειρές τους. Τα ονόματα αυτών: Benedetto Vollo, Pietro Camardella, Antonino Abate, Giuseppe Capparozzo. Επίσης παρουσιάζεται η σημαντική ιστορική στιγμή της Ευρώπης των ανακατατάξεων του 19ου αι. σε μια συνοπτική αναφορά, που αποτέλεσε την κύρια επιρροή των φιλελλήνων με όλα τα επαναστατικά κινήματα που ξέσπασαν από τους λαούς της με στόχο την διεκδίκηση των ατομικών ελευθεριών, της ισότητας, του δικαιώματος της αυτοδιάθεσης, της δημοκρατίας. Σημαντική επίσης θεωρώ και την αναφορά στις σχέσεις αλληλεπίδρασης των δύο γειτονικών λαών, Ιταλίας-Ελλάδας σε ιστορικό και πολιτιστικό επίπεδο. Ο εντοπισμός μέσα στα έργα που μελετήθηκαν των σημείων με έντονο το φιλελληνικό στοιχείο και η παρουσίασή τους ήταν ο κύριος στόχος. Όπως παρατίθεται και στην μελέτη αυτή, είναι όχι μόνο έντονες οι αναφορές σε πρόσωπα, μέρη και γεγονότα της επανάστασης, αλλά η ίδια η επανάσταση και ο αγώνας της Παλιγγενεσίας αποτελούν τους θεματικούς άξονες των έργων αυτών. Η διακρινόμενη αφοσίωση και ο συναισθηματισμός των συγγραφέων, η επιμελημένη γραφή και η έκταση των κειμένων χαρακτηρίζουν έντονα τα έργα αυτά, δίνοντας προοπτική για περεταίρω μελέτη.
description: Man's engagement with his history and past stems not only from his need for knowledge and self-identification, but also from the enchanting ability to bring together historical events, personalities and creations that have existed. Having in mind, therefore, that literary works of all time fall into this kind of "heritage of work", if I may use this term, we are given the opportunity, through friction and study, to understand the past in a more holistic way. The aim of this study is to address works of Italian literature, independently of their form, which had not been primarily analyzed in Greek, at least, in officially published works and revolved around Philhellenism, their influence from Romanticism, and perhaps the emergence and recognition of them as well as their authors. Throughout this process of research for literary works, I found myself in front of texts that were simply cited by academics at times, others that were cited and analyzed in foreign languages, and other found in libraries, but forgotten over the years, or remained unknown and obscure (unjustly in my humble opinion). It is my perspective and also a fuel for my research, that there is a debt for us Greeks to be fulfilled; an obligation of recognition and awareness of the philhellenic work. In times of historical darkness, there were people who with self-denial and voluntarily, through works, deeds, writings, encouragement, and references, contributed greatly to the liberation struggle of the Greeks. The share of Italian philhellenic writers is important in this effort of the philhellenic movement and some of them are presented in the subject study. These works were published in different regions of Italy from the north to the south with their writers being members of areas of the community that experienced intense repression and had significant reactions of opposition. Venice, Cassano al Ionian (Calabria), Catania (Sicily), Lanzè (province of Vicenza), are their birthplace. Their names are: Benedetto Vollo, Pietro Camardella, Antonino Abate, Giuseppe Capparozzo. What is also presented in a brief report, is the important historical moment of Europe´s reconstruction of the 19th century that was the main influence of the philhellenes, along with all the revolutionary movements that emerged from the people in the realm of claims for individual freedoms, equality, the right to self-determination and democracy. What I also consider critical is a reference to the centuries-old relations between the two neighboring countries Italy-Greece and their people; a two-way and decisive relationship on many levels of creation and art. The main objective of this study is to identify inside the works that were studied the strong Philhellenic element in them and to present them. As mentioned in this study, intense and evident are not only references to persons, places and events of the revolution, but the revolution itself and the struggle for solidarity seem to form the backbone of these works. The distinguished dedication and sentiment of the writers, the diligent writing and the extent of the texts may be the starting point for further studies in the future. Research brings any academic in front of sources and he/she becomes the link between history and the present. Il coinvolgimento dell’essere umano con la storia e il passato ha le sue origini alla sua esigenza per saggezza e conoscenza della sua propria identità. Questo coinvolgimento però crea anche la possibilità di approcciare, tramite lo studio degli scritti, gli avvenimenti del passato, i personaggi e le loro opere. La creazione e l’esistenza delle opere letterarie fa innegabilmente parte del patrimonio culturale, e attraverso lo studio e l’analisi di tali testi, è possibile percepire il nostro passato. La presente tesi intende fornire delle informazioni su testi e autori della letteratura filellenica italiana che non sono per lo più sconosciuti o poco studiati. Durante questo processo di recupero di alcuni documenti mi sono confrontato con testi e libri che alcuni esistevano negli elenchi delle biblioteche, per altri si era fatto soltanto qualche riferimento ed altri che la loro esistenza era quasi sconosciuta. Come greci è nostro dovere riconoscere e apprezzare il lavoro e le opere dei letterati filelleni così come molti italiani volontari, con generosità e passione hanno contribuito alla guerra di independenza della Grecia e il suo risorgimento. Alcuni di questi casi di testi e di autori filelleni dimenticati verano esaminati nella presente tesi. Queste opere sono state pubblicate in varie regioni italiane dal nord fino al sud e i loro autori cercavano la libertà e la resistenza. Venezia, Cassano all’Ionio (Calabria), Catania, Lanzè (Vicenza), sono le loro città di nascita. E i loro nomi: Benedetto Vollo, Pietro Camardella, Antonino Abate, Giuseppe Capparozzo. Sucessivamente si fà una breve presentazione dei più importanti avvenimenti storici nell’Europa del diciannovesimo secolo che hanno influenzato i filelleni, e le correnti rivoluzionarie che sostenevano la libertà, l’uguaglianza, la giustizia, la democrazia. È molto importante notare il rapporto di influenza e di interazione culturale tra i due popoli, la Grecia e l’Italia attraverso i secoli. Un rapporto decisivo in tutti i livelli del percorso storico, artistico e culturale. L’identificazione degli elementi con aspetto filellenico nei testi è stato lo scopo principale di questa tesi. Come si fà notevole in seguito in questa tesi, non sono soltanto i riferimenti agli eroi, ai luoghi e alle battaglie della rivoluzione ma la rivoluzione stessa come argomento principale, che rende queste opere filelleniche. Il temperamento della scrittura, le emozioni che essa crea e la devozione degli artisti in combinazione con la diligenza e la precisione nella loro scrittura, crea il desiderio e forse un’esigenza per ulteriori studi su queste opere. Studi che ci portano davanti a degli scritti-testimonianze e ci spiegano meglio quel periodo storico e letterario.