cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Spectrometric analysis of the metabolism and adsorption of naphthenic acid fraction compounds in a phytoremediation treatment system
Creators: name: Charriere, Camryn
Publisher: name: Science
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biology
subject: Botany
subject: Biology--Cell
subject: Soil Science

description: Bitumen mining in northern Alberta produces large volumes of oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) that require treatment before being released into the environment. Naphthenic acid fraction compounds (NAFCs) are considered primary contributors to OSPW toxicity; therefore, remediation efforts often target these compounds. Phytoremediation is proposed as a feasible treatment for OSPW using a constructed wetland treatment system (CWTS) strategy due to the cost-effective and low-maintenance nature of this technology. A CWTS uses plants and their associated microorganisms to take advantage of natural metabolic processes for the uptake and biotransformation of environmental contaminants. While CWTSs for OSPW treatment have demonstrated success in attenuating NAFCs and reducing toxicity in mesocosm and pilot-scale studies, the fate of NAFCs in a CWTS is not well understood. This thesis research aimed to gain insight into NAFC fate in CWTSs by exploring NAFC biotransformation processes in plant tissues and the adsorption characteristics of NAFCs onto sediment substrates. A method for extracting NAFCs and their metabolites from plant tissues was developed and used to extract the isotopically labelled model compound 1-adamantanecarboxylic acid (¹³C-AdCA) and NAFCs from OSPW. This method, in combination with high-resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry, was used to track the uptake, translocation, and biotransformation within plant roots and shoots. These experiments showed a general decrease in compound abundance over time, indicative of transformation events. The OSPW treatments further demonstrated that the majority of NAFCs were completely transformed in root and shoot tissues. Additionally, incubation studies were conducted to test parameters associated with NAFC adsorption onto various sediments. The adsorption of NAFCs from OSPW onto a sediment substrate from the oil sands region appeared to be impacted by the properties of the OSPW itself, including NAFC concentration, class differences, or shifts in carbon number and double bond equivalents. Other factors, such as water quality characteristics, may also impact adsorption. Overall, the results of this research provide insight into the fate of NAFCs in phytoremediation systems, guiding future metabolomics studies and considerations for the large-scale implementation of plant-based technologies in OSPW treatment strategies.
Author-Centered Copyright Enforcement?
Creators: name: Weatherall, Kimberlee
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Copyright
subject: Authorship
subject: Copyright, International
subject: Cultural property
subject: Authors and publishers
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: This Symposium explores our flexibility within international copyright law to better serve the purposes of copyright and, specifically, to benefit the individual human creators (authors) of our cultural and intellectual heritage.  Where other contributions consider the potential for a different allocation of rights, here I explore the potential for author-centered copyright enforcement:  could we frame copyright enforcement practices and remedies with the explicit goal of promoting the interests of authors?  Could enforcement reform avoid the zero-sum game that pits homogenous and undifferentiated “copyright interests” (authors and publishers) against the rest of the world (commercial infringers, users, intermediaries, and others)?  The international legal framework governing copyright enforcement is relatively open-textured.  It is worth at least considering whether we could tailor civil enforcement procedures and remedies so that authors can win without ever more draconian enforcement.

Apart from certain very specific contexts—such as moral rights—authors are rarely recognised as having interests in enforcement distinct from those of other right holders.  But although authors and cultural intermediaries (publishers, record companies, and other disseminators of content) “do market battle shackled one to another as they do battle with users” with the “prime aim” of “driv[ing] away pirates and freeloaders and [extracting] returns from licensees,” their interests when infringement is alleged are not co-extensive.  The division of risks and rewards in litigation can reflect well-known imbalances in bargaining power between authors and disseminators. Contracts may allocate significant litigation risk to authors, while allocating litigation decision-making and rewards to the entity that owns copyright.  Authors have distinct moral claims, and personal interests not likely to be felt with the same intensity by publishers or record companies.  Further, needs and desires of authors can conflict with those of investors.

I have argued elsewhere for better recognition of the personhood and interests of defendants in thinking about copyright procedures and remedies and, in other earlier work, focused on how we might get better value from the public investment in copyright enforcement.  So my purpose here is not to advocate for a model, but rather, to demonstrate that there are author-friendly alternatives to the constant upwards ratchet of copyright enforcement reform.
title: Differentiated impacts of green grabbing on social reproduction: the case of la Sierra de la Macarena National Park in Colombia
Creators: name: Garavito, Sammy Andrea Sánchez
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Land grabbing
subject: green grabbing
subject: gender
subject: generation and social reproduction
subject: Anthropology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Literature--Latin American

description: While a substantial body of literature has discussed extensively the economic consequences of land grabbing, less attention has been paid to the impacts of green grabbing on social reproduction. By taking a case study in the Sierra de la Macarena National Natural Park and its buffer zones, this thesis delves into how green grabbing affects gender and generational dynamics. Within this protected area, hundreds of campesinos rely on cattle ranching and community-based ecotourism for their livelihoods. However, they face significant challenges due to the restrictions imposed by Colombia’s National Natural Park service. These restrictions have led to multiple sanctions and limitations over their livelihoods as they are considered as “illegal activities”, thereby jeopardizing their ability to sustain and reproduce their life. Drawing from feminist political ecology and agrarian political economy approaches, I analyze how children, youth and women’s labor practices within ecotourism and cattle ranching are interwoven seamlessly with reproductive labor in a context of restrictive conservation. This study argues that, beyond the violent and economic dimensions of land appropriation, green grabbing and dispossession have differentiated impacts on populations that have historically been considered “feminized” and vulnerable. These impacts encompass non-economic factors that limit access to vital spaces for social reproduction, such as communal areas (e.g., school infrastructure) for youth and children. In some cases, they are drawn into unpaid labor, working in ecotourism as tour guides or in cattle farming. In other instances, dispossession results from limited access to resources like land, forests, and shelter, primarily due to legal restrictions within the National Parks. Green grabbing as the dynamic of resource appropriation due to restrictive conservation progressively encloses the peasantry, not only by restricting land access but also by affecting life trajectories, gender dynamics, and generational justice.
Ptychogaster
Creators: name: Froglia, Carlo
name: Clark, Paul F.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Fungi
Basidiomycota
Agaricomycetes
Polyporales
Fomitopsidaceae
Ptychogaster

description: Ptychogaster milne-edwardsi Henderson 1885a: 901, fig. 330; 1885b: 418; 1888: 171, pl. XX, fig. 2.
 Remarks. Henderson made this species available in the Narrative (Henderson 1885a: 901) and in The Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Henderson 1885b: 418). In his synonymy of P. milne-edwardsi, Henderson (1888: 171) cites “Narr. Chall. Exp., vol. i, p. 900, fig. 330, 1885; Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vol. xvi, p. 418, 1885,” suggesting that the Narrative takes priority. This can be further clarified as the front wrapper of Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vol. xvi, issue 96 bears the date December 1885, and according to Evenhuis (2003) its precise publication date was 1 December 1885. By this date the Narrative had already been available in the BL since 29 May 1885. Therefore the evidence presented here suggests that the Narrative (Henderson 1885a) appeared before the journal publication (Henderson 1885b). A further nomenclatorial consideration is that Ptychogaster A. Milne- Edwards, 1880 was a junior homonym of Ptychogaster Pomel, 1847: Reptilia: Chelonia, fossil. Gastroptychus Caullery (1896: 390) was the replacement name for Ptychogaster. Baba (2005: 214) and Baba et al. (2008: 23) state Gastroptychus milneedwardsi (Henderson, 1885) and only cite Henderson (1885b) in their bibliography instead of Henderson (1885a).
 Valid as Gastroptychus milneedwardsi (Henderson, 1885).
description: Published as part of Froglia, Carlo & Clark, Paul F., 2011, The forgotten Narrative of H. M. S. Challenger and the implications for decapod nomenclature, pp. 45-56 in Zootaxa 2788 on pages 47-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.200635
Search for universal extra dimensions in ppbar collisions
Creators: name: D0 Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a search for Kaluza-Klein (KK) particles predicted by models with universal extra dimensions (UED) using a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 7.3 fb$^{-1}$, collected by the D0 detector at a $p\bar p$ center of mass energy of 1.96 TeV. The decay chain of KK particles can lead to a final state with two muons of the same charge. This signature is used to set a lower limit on the compactification scale of $R^{-1}>260$ GeV in a minimal UED model.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Letters
Front matter for: Papers in New Guinea Linguistics No. 26
Creators: name: Smith, G. (Ed.)
name: Dutton, T. (Ed.)
name: Voorhoeve, C.L. (Ed.)
name: Schooling, S. (Ed.)
name: Schooling, J. (Ed.)
name: Conrad, R. (Ed.)
name: Lewis, R. (Ed.)
name: Wurm, S.A. (Ed.)
name: Barnum, T.) (Ed.)
Publisher: name: Pacific Linguistics
Year: 1988

description: Contents iiiTHE CONTRIBUTORS ivMap: Languages of Morobe Province v
Facilitating Transactions and Lawful Availability of Works of Authorship: Online Access to the Cultural Heritage and Extended Collective Licenses
Creators: name: Tryggvadóttir, Rán
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Copyright
subject: Authorship
subject: Cultural property
subject: Copyright licenses
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: The importance of providing access to the cultural heritage is widely accepted.  Digital technology has supplied powerful new tools to reproduce and disseminate works and at the same time has transformed the demands and expectations of end-users.  Nevertheless, there are several issues that cultural heritage institutions (“CHIs”) must resolve in order to maintain their role of preserving and disseminating cultural heritage in the digital age.  Although some of those issues are budgetary rather than legal, copyright is obviously a key consideration in the digital use of in-copyright works by CHIs.  The largest copyright challenge for CHIs is the process of identification of right holders of copyright and clearance of rights, i.e. obtaining authorization or licenses for use of in-copyright works.

Stakeholders do not agree how best to facilitate CHIs in their important cultural role.  Some advocate the establishment of legal exceptions whereas others favor licenses.  My starting assumption is that, given the impact of online use, licensing is a more appropriate and flexible tool than exceptions.  However, obtaining individual licenses for the use of in-copyright works held by CHIs is complicated, time-consuming, and costly, in particular for cross-border online use.  Thus individual licensing is not a practical solution for CHIs except for the use of a few well-defined works.  Even collective licensing does not fully solve the licensing issue because no collective management organization (“CMO”) has mandates from all right holders in a given field.5  Hence, I propose that the solution is to be found through collective licenses with legislative support, such as the system of extended collective licenses (“ECL”).

In this essay I will start by giving a brief account of the main strands which constitute an extended collective license in the Nordic countries, where it was first developed.  I will describe two examples where ECLs have been used to facilitate access to the cultural heritage, in Norway and Finland respectively.  I will also discuss the compatibility of the system with international norms, in particular the Berne Convention, and finish with some reflections on challenges and benefits of the system of ECLs in facilitating access to cultural heritage.
title: Design, Development, and Deformation behavior of Cantor-derived High-Entropy Alloys for Nuclear Structural Applications
Creators: name: Adegbite, Muyideen
Publisher: name: Schulich School of Engineering
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High-entropy alloys
subject: Al0.3CoCrFeNi
subject: Mn0.3CoCrFeNi
subject: Dynamic deformation
subject: Phase stability
subject: Dynamic strain aging
subject: Twinning-induced plasticity
subject: Nuclear
subject: Strain rate effect
subject: strengthening mechanisms
subject: deformation mechanisms
subject: Metallurgy
subject: Materials Science
subject: Engineering--Mechanical

description: As the global population approaches the projected 10-billion mark by 2050, it raises the need for clean and sustainable energy sources such as nuclear energy to meet the future energy demand. This has led to the ongoing search for suitable damage-tolerant materials for the accompanying structural components that must meet stringent properties for proposed Generation IV nuclear reactors. As a starting point to find suitable high-entropy alloys (HEAs) for these nuclear structural applications, this thesis first catalogs the already existing HEAs to understand their mechanical behavior. In addition, this cataloging helps with mechanical data aggregation (between 10-5 and 105 s-1 strain rate) of HEAs. It leads to the identification of the uncharted strain rate regimes and HEAs with limited mechanical data, the development of a deformation mechanism map for FCC-HEA—CoCrFeMnNi, and the development of simple yield-strength prediction models for FCC and BCC-HEAs. One of the HEAs with limited mechanical data and already proposed for nuclear structural applications is the Cantor-derived Al0.3CoCrFeNi. However, Al0.3CoCrFeNi’s metastability could be deleterious in nuclear structural applications where stable single-phase FCC materials are preferred for their low void swelling property. Guided by the FCC stabilizing effect of Mn as against the BCC stabilizing effect of Al, this thesis proposes, designs, and develops a novel Cantor-derived Mn0.3CoCrFeNi HEA as a potential substitute for Al0.3CoCrFeNi. The substitutional effect of Al and Mn on the microstructure and mechanical response of both Cantor-derived HEAs is then examined as a first experimental installment towards their candidacy for nuclear structural applications. The microstructural differences and mechanical responses—Vicker’s hardness (HV), uniaxial quasi-static (10-3 s-1), and dynamic strain rate (2300 s-1) compression at room temperature are reported. Both HEAs had similar yield strength, except in the cold-rolled samples, and a unique dynamic strain aging (DSA) under room temperature/low strain rate conditions categorized as Type A serrations. Although dislocation slip and deformation twins are dominant deformation mechanisms in both HEAs; Mn0.3CoCrFeNi has a greater propensity to twin that improve its strain hardenability than Al0.3CoCrFeNi. This study clearly establishes that novel Mn0.3CoCrFeNi is microstructurally and mechanically more favored for nuclear structural applications than Al0.3CoCrFeNi.
Wilson-loop formalism for Reggeon exchange in soft high-energy scattering
Creators: name: Giordano, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive a nonperturbative expression for the non-vacuum, qqbar-Reggeon-exchange contribution to the meson-meson elastic scattering amplitude at high energy and low momentum transfer, in the framework of QCD. Describing the mesons in terms of colourless qqbar dipoles, the problem is reduced to the two-fermion-exchange contribution to the dipole-dipole scattering amplitudes, which is expressed as a path integral, over the trajectories of the exchanged fermions, of the expectation value of a certain Wilson loop. We also show how the resulting expression can be reconstructed from a corresponding quantity in the Euclidean theory, by means of analytic continuation. Finally, we make contact with previous work on Reggeon exchange in the gauge/gravity duality approach.
description: A few misprints in the expressions for the relevant Wilson loops have been corrected. 55 pages, 7 figures
Characterizing oral proficiency and language use of long-time learners of Chinese as an additional language using computer technology
Creators: name: Yates, Elliott
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: This thesis is an investigation into characterizing the oral language proficiency of longtime Anglo-Canadian learners of Chinese as an Additional Language (CAL) using computer technology. Semi-structured, informal, low-stakes interviews with five CAL learners were transcribed, segmented using freely available Chinese text parsing software, and analyzed using the methodologies from the field of complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF) studies in second language acquisition. This thesis describes operationalization of these CAF indices in the CAL context, compares the results to participant self-assessments using the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR), and makes recommendations for adoption of CAF measurement standards and future work in characterizing language proficiency in the realms of applied linguistics research and language pedagogy in the CAL context.
title: Determination of Zinc Isotopic Composition in Biological Tissues
Creators: name: Nasehi Kalajahi, Farnaz
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Stable Isotopes
subject: Education--Sciences

description: Reliable measurement of zinc (Zn) isotopic composition in biological tissues is crucial for understanding zinc metabolism and its role in health. Zinc isotopic ratios, particularly δ66Zn, provide insights into zinc uptake, distribution, and excretion within the body. The primary aim of this study is to develop and refine advanced analytical methods to accurately measure Zn isotopic composition in biological samples, specifically liver and kidney tissues. This study addresses the challenges posed by the inherently narrow range of natural mass-dependent fractionation in zinc, typically confined to ±1‰. Using multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) and the double-spike method, the analytical method achieves precision up to 0.1‰. The method ensures low blank levels (below 5 ng) and a high yield recovery rate (95%) during processing. Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) such as Bovine Liver (NIST1577c); Human Hair (GBW07601, USGS42, USGS43); Whole Blood (SeroNorm); Bone Ash (NIST1400); and Bone Meal (NIST1486) were used to validate the accuracy and precision of the method. To further demonstrate the method’s efficacy, Zn isotopic compositions were analyzed in biological samples from mice with different gut microbiota conditions: germ-free, specific pathogen-free (SPF), and Segmented filamentous bacteria group (SFB). These analyses help elucidate the impact of gut bacteria on zinc homeostasis. The method developed provides a robust tool for accurately detecting subtle isotopic variations of less than 0.3‰, which is essential for understanding the complexities of zinc metabolism in biological systems. The successful development and validation of this analytical method mark a significant achievement, setting a new standard in the field of zinc isotopic analysis. This advancement not only enhances the precision and reliability of Zn isotopic measurements but also lays the groundwork for future studies investigating zinc dynamics in biological contexts, thereby contributing to a deeper understanding of zinc metabolism and its implications for health.
Feature extraction in protein sequences classification : a new stability measure
Creators: name: Saidi, Rabie
name: Aridhi, Sabeur
name: Maddouri, Mondher
name: Nguifo, Engelbert Mephu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Feature extraction is an unavoidable task, especially in the critical step of preprocessing biological sequences. This step consists for example in transforming the biological sequences into vectors of motifs where each motif is a subsequence that can be seen as a property (or attribute) characterizing the sequence. Hence, we obtain an object-property table where objects are sequences and properties are motifs extracted from sequences. This output can be used to apply standard machine learning tools to perform data mining tasks such as classification. Several previous works have described feature extraction methods for bio-sequence classification, but none of them discussed the robustness of these methods when perturbing the input data. In this work, we introduce the notion of stability of the generated motifs in order to study the robustness of motif extraction methods. We express this robustness in terms of the ability of the method to reveal any change occurring in the input data and also its ability to target the interesting motifs. We use these criteria to evaluate and experimentally compare four existing extraction methods for biological sequences.
description: The paper has been accepted by the ACM Conference on Bioinformatics, Computational Biology and Biomedicine (ACM BCB) 2012. We want to cancel the submission because of the double entries of the paper in DBLP. Thank you for your understanding
Compulsory Licensing and Administrative Procedures in Canada
Creators: name: Vancise, William J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Copyright
subject: Compulsory licensing of patents
subject: Fair use (Copyright)
subject: Tariff
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: I have been asked to participate at this Symposium as past Chair of the Copyright Board of Canada (“the Board”).  For over a decade, I presided over the Board’s proceedings to set tariffs on the use of copyrighted material.  Although I am not an expert in intellectual property, I was fortunate to hear and decide cases including the transmission of music on the Internet, interpretation of the blank media levy, making available right, and fair dealing disputes surrounding licensing for educational institutions.  The Board decides more copyright issues than any other court or tribunal in Canada.  I propose to deal with the Canadian experience administering copyright with several compulsory or statutory licensing schemes.  There are at least three kinds of “compulsory” licensing regimes in Canada:  (1) the private copying levy on blank recording media;  (2) the process of issuing licenses for “unlocatable copyright owners”; and (3) the mandatory filing of tariffs for the public performance or communication of music.
Degrees of Freedom (DoF) of Locally Connected Interference Channels with Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) Transmission
Creators: name: Gamal, Aly El
name: Annapureddy, V. Sreekanth
name: Veeravalli, Venugopal V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The degrees of freedom (DoF) available for communication provides an analytically tractable way to characterize the information-theoretic capacity of interference channels. In this paper, the DoF of a K-user interference channel is studied under the assumption that the transmitters can cooperate via coordinated multi-point (CoMP) transmission. In [1], the authors considered the linear asymmetric model of Wyner, where each transmitter is connected to its own receiver and its successor, and is aware of its own message as well as M-1 preceding messages. The per user DoF was shown to go to M/(M+1) as the number of users increases to infinity. In this work, the same model of channel connectivity is considered, with a relaxed cooperation constraint that bounds the maximum number of transmitters at which each message can be available, by a cooperation order M. We show that the relaxation of the cooperation constraint, while maintaining the same load imposed on a backhaul link needed to distribute the messages, results in a gain in the DoF. In particular, the asymptotic limit of the per user DoF under the cooperation order constraint is (2M)/(2M+1) . Moreover, the optimal transmit set selection satisfies a local cooperation constraint. i.e., each message needs only to be available at neighboring transmitters. [1] A. Lapidoth, S. Shamai (Shitz) and M. A. Wigger, "A linear interference network with local Side-Information," in Proc. IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT), Nice, Jun. 2007.
description: In Proc. IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Ottawa, Jun. 2012
Supplementary Figures and Tables
Creators: name: Chen, Wei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: 60103 Cell Development, Proliferation and Death
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Synergistic role and crosstalk of lysyl oxidase and lysyl oxidase-like 1 in hepatic stellate cells 
title: Essays on Textual Information in Finance: Intangible Value, Abnormal Temperature Premium, and Corporate Uncertainty
Creators: name: Hosseini Golafshani, Seyed Amir Farhang
Publisher: name: Haskayne School of Business
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 10-K filings
subject: Intangibles talk
subject: Recognition versus disclosure
subject: Idiosyncratic volatility
subject: Limits to arbitrage
subject: Abnormal temperature
subject: Geographic dispersion
subject: Physical climate risk
subject: Textual analysis
subject: Education--Finance

description: This thesis includes three studies that utilize textual information in their methodology. The first chapter explores a textual measure of intangible intensity—intangibles talk—based on discussions in firms’ 10-K filings. This measure reflects managers’ views on the successful outcomes of intangible investments, which often differ from initial expectations. We find that our measure is correlated with, but orthogonal to, prior measures of intangibles. By constructing a long-short portfolio based on high and low values of our measure, we demonstrate that it outperforms portfolios formed on book-to-market ratio and its intangible–augmented versions, generating an average annual alpha of 3.37% from 1995 to 2020. Positive alphas are concentrated among stocks with higher arbitrage risk, suggesting intangible–intensive stocks are often mispriced by investors. The second chapter investigates the premium for exposure to abnormal temperatures among firms with a presence across U.S. states. Firm-level abnormal temperature exposure is estimated by extracting state names from firms’ Form 10-K filings and averaging the reported abnormal temperatures across those states. Higher exposure to abnormal temperatures predicts lower earnings in five industries, with a stronger effect among firms with low geographic dispersion. A long-short portfolio based on abnormal temperature exposure shows that stocks with the highest exposure outperform those with the lowest, particularly post-Paris Agreement. The abnormal temperature premium averages 62 bps per month in this period and is concentrated in industries sensitive to abnormal temperatures and firms with low geographic dispersion. This premium responds positively to monthly shocks in a news-based index of climate concerns, indicating that investor climate concerns drive the premium. The third chapter develops a textual measure of uncertainty within context–SECUX–using SEC filings and identifies the six most common sources of uncertainty: monetary policy, tax, financial market, exchange markets, financial intermediation, and oil & gas markets. I find that the predicted delaying effect of uncertainty on firm-level investment discussed in the literature only holds uncertainty related to monetary policy and oil & gas categories. No conclusive evidence supports delaying effects from tax, financial market, and exchange market categories, suggesting that investment response to uncertainty depends on the source of uncertainty.
Orbital Ferromagnetism and the Chandrasekhar Mass-Limit
Creators: name: Akbari-Moghanjoughi, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, using both quantum magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) and magnetohydrostatic (MHS) models of a relativistically degenerate magnetic compact star, the fundamental role of Landau orbital ferromagnetism (LOFER) on the magneto-gravitational stability of such star is revealed. It is shown that the previously suggested magnetic equation of state for LOFER with some generalization of form $B=βρ^{2s/3}$ only within the range $0\leq s\leq 1$ and $0\leq β< \sqrt{2π}$ leads to magneto-gravitational stability with distinct critical value $β_{cr}=\sqrt{2π}$ governing the magnetohydrostatic stability of the compact star. Furthermore, the value of the parameters $s$ and $β$ is shown to fundamentally control both the quantum and Chandrasekhar gravitational collapse mechanisms and the previously discovered mass-limit on white dwarfs. Current findings can help to understand the origin of magnetism and its inevitable role on the stability of the relativistically degenerate super-dense magnetized matter encountered in many white-dwarfs and neutron stars.
Membrane lateral structure: The influence of immobilized particles on domain size
Creators: name: Fischer, Timo
name: Risselada, H. Jelger
name: Vink, Richard L. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In experiments on model membranes, a formation of large domains of different lipid composition is readily observed. However, no such phase separation is observed in the membranes of intact cells. Instead, a structure of small transient inhomogeneities called lipid rafts are expected in these systems. One of the numerous attempts to explain small domains refers to the coupling of the membrane to its surroundings, which leads to the immobilization of some of the membrane molecules. These immobilized molecules then act as static obstacles for the remaining mobile ones. We present detailed Molecular Dynamics simulations demonstrating that this can indeed account for small domains. This confirms previous Monte Carlo studies based on simplified models. Furthermore, by directly comparing domain structures obtained using Molecular Dynamics to Monte Carlo simulations of the Ising model, we demonstrate that domain formation in the presence of obstacles is remarkably insensitive to the details of the molecular interactions.
description: To appear in "Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics"
Expanding the Spectrum: Open Access and the Internet Age
Creators: name: Spelman, Kate
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Copyright
subject: Money
subject: Open access publishing
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: I speak to you as a practitioner, someone who has represented clients on both ends of the spectrum of copyright. This spectrum has at one end a closed, more traditional, proprietary model of copyright, and, at the other end of the spectrum an open, more collaborative based model of copyright.  And in between those ends there are many intermediate positions. Our future will include copyright activity on the whole length of that spectrum between the open and proprietary ends.

I have represented clients, I suspect, on each and every point now known on that spectrum, from big publishers down to creators and academics and nonprofits wanting to play in the “open” paradigm.

How many of us have shadow currencies?  This issue of shadow currency is important because the nonmonetary values are at the core of the open movement.  And the shadow currencies I direct your attention to include airline points—how many of you have paid more money out of pocket than the discount bargain fare for an airfare because you wanted to obtain those miles that the cheaper bargain fare did not offer?  Or how many of you are members of Amazon Prime because there is a thrifty part of you that is willing to pay a premium for the product on Amazon so that you feel like you are getting shipping for free?

Today, I am going to focus on two shadow currencies as analogous to the incentive of the open copyright end of that spectrum.  One is reputational currency. I would propose that reputational currency is a shadow currency in the copyright world.  We know that for many authors and other expressive artists, the attribution is the reputational currency, which motivates as a currency to create the work. And I would say the second large motivating shadow currency is the speedy advancement of larger goals.  Specifically, the shadow currency in this instance is the satisfaction and meaning that comes with participating in a project that is successful because everyone is working in collaboration for a larger community benefit. Wikipedia participation includes such a shadow currency.
C and N abundances of MS and SGB stars in NGC 1851
Creators: name: Lardo, C.
name: Milone, A. P.
name: Marino, A. F.
name: Mucciarelli, A.
name: Pancino, E.
name: Zoccali, M.
name: Rejkuba, M.
name: Carrera, R.
name: Gonzalez, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first chemical analysis of stars on the double subgiant branch (SGB) of the globular cluster NGC 1851. We obtained 48 Magellan IMACS spectra of subgiants and fainter stars covering the spectral region between 3650-6750Å, to derive C and N abundances from the spectral features at 4300Å(G-band) and at ~ 3883Å(CN). We added to our sample ~ 45 unvevolved stars previously observed with FORS2 at the VLT. These two datasets were homogeneously reduced and analyzed. We derived abundances of C and N for a total of 64 stars and found considerable star-to-star variations in both [C/H] and [N/H] at all luminosities extending to the red giant branch (RGB) base (V~18.9). These abundances appear to be strongly anticorrelated, as would be expected from the CN-cycle enrichment, but we did not detect any bimodality in the C or N content. We used HST and ground-based photometry to select two groups of faint- and bright-SGB stars from the visual and Strömgren color-magnitude diagrams. Significant variations in the carbon and nitrogen abundances are present among stars of each group, which indicates that each SGB hosts multiple subgenerations of stars. Bright- and faint-SGB stars differ in the total C+N content, where the fainter SGB have about 2.5 times the C+N content of the brighter ones. Coupling our results with literature photometric data and abundance determinations from high-resolution studies, we identify the fainter SGB with the red-RGB population, which also should be richer on average in Ba and other s-process elements, as well as in Na and N, when compared to brighter SGB and the blue-RGB population.
description: 17 pages, 3 tables, 16 figures; typos corrected, added checks on temperature scale; A&A accepted (in press)
Criticality in conserved dynamical systems: Experimental observation vs. exact properties
Creators: name: Markovic, Dimitrije
name: Schuelein, Andre
name: Gros, Claudius
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Conserved dynamical systems are generally considered to be critical. We study a class of critical routing models, equivalent to random maps, which can be solved rigorously in the thermodynamic limit. The information flow is conserved for these routing models and governed by cyclic attractors. We consider two classes of information flow, Markovian routing without memory and vertex routing involving a one-step routing memory. Investigating the respective cycle length distributions for complete graphs we find log corrections to power-law scaling for the mean cycle length, as a function of the number of vertices, and a sub-polynomial growth for the overall number of cycles. When observing experimentally a real-world dynamical system one normally samples stochastically its phase space. The number and the length of the attractors are then weighted by the size of their respective basins of attraction. This situation is equivalent to `on the fly' generation of routing tables for which we find power law scaling for the weighted average length of attractors, for both conserved routing models. These results show that critical dynamical systems are generically not scale-invariant, but may show power-law scaling when sampled stochastically. It is hence important to distinguish between intrinsic properties of a critical dynamical system and its behavior that one would observe when randomly probing its phase space.
Application of asymptotic expansions for maximum likelihood estimators' errors to gravitational waves from binary mergers: the network case
Creators: name: Vitale, Salvatore
name: Zanolin, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper describes the most accurate analytical frequentist assessment to date of the uncertainties in the estimation of physical parameters from gravitational waves generated by non spinning binary systems and Earth-based networks of laser interferometers. The paper quantifies how the accuracy in estimating the intrinsic parameters mostly depends on the network signal to noise ratio (SNR), but the resolution in the direction of arrival also strongly depends on the network geometry. We compare results for 6 different existing and possible global networks and two different choices of the parameter space. We show how the fraction of the sky where the one sigma angular resolution is below 2 square degrees increases about 3 times when transitioning from the Hanford (USA), Livingston (USA) and Cascina (Italy) network to possible 5 sites ones (while keeping the network SNR fixed). The technique adopted here is an asymptotic expansion of the uncertainties in inverse powers of the signal to noise ratio where the first order is the inverse Fisher information matrix. We show that a common approach to use simplified parameter spaces and only the Fisher information matrix can largely underestimate the uncertainties (by a factor ~7 for the one sigma sky uncertainty in square degrees at a network SNR of ~15).
description: 26 pages, 10 figures
Universality in dynamic wetting dominated by contact line friction
Creators: name: Carlson, Andreas
name: Bellani, Gabriele
name: Amberg, Gustav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report experiments on the rapid contact line motion present in the early stages of capillary driven spreading of drops on dry solid substrates. The spreading data fails to follow a conventional viscous or inertial scaling. By integrating experiments and simulations, we quantify a contact line friction ($μ_f$), which is seen to limit the speed of the rapid dynamic wetting. A scaling based on this contact line friction is shown to yield a universal curve for the evolution of the contact line radius as a function of time, for a range of fluid viscosities, drop sizes and surface wettabilities.
Pura Vida Neutrosophic Algebra
Creators: name: Barbosa, Ranulfo Paiva
name: Smarandache, Florentin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Mathematics (math.GM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 08A72

description: We introduce Pura Vida Neutrosophic Algebra, an algebraic structure consisting of neutrosophic numbers equipped with two binary operations namely addition and multiplication. The addition can be calculated sometimes with the function min and other times with the max function. The multiplication operation is the usual sum between numbers. Pura Vida Neutrosophic Algebra is an extension of both Tropical Algebra (also known as Min-Plus, or Min-Algebra) and Max-Plus Algebra (also known as Max-algebra). Tropical and Max-Plus algebras are algebraic structures included in semirings and their operations can be used in matrices and vectors. Pura Vida Neutrosophic Algebra is included in Neutrosophic semirings and can be used in Neutrosophic matrices and vectors
description: 6 pages
Quantitative ergodicity for some switched dynamical systems
Creators: name: Benaïm, Michel
name: Borgne, Stéphane Le
name: Malrieu, Florent
name: Zitt, Pierre-André
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We provide quantitative bounds for the long time behavior of a class of Piecewise Deterministic Markov Processes with state space Rd \times E where E is a finite set. The continuous component evolves according to a smooth vector field that switches at the jump times of the discrete coordinate. The jump rates may depend on the whole position of the process. Under regularity assumptions on the jump rates and stability conditions for the vector fields we provide explicit exponential upper bounds for the convergence to equilibrium in terms of Wasserstein distances. As an example, we obtain convergence results for a stochastic version of the Morris-Lecar model of neurobiology.
title: Model Estimation of Depression-focused Groundwater Recharge and its Variability in the Canadian Prairies
Creators: name: Uddin, Shihab
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: groundwater
subject: recharge
subject: prairies
subject: Hydrology

description: The Canadian Prairies is characterized by a cold, semiarid climate with topographical variations containing numerous depressions. These depressions play an important role in the hydrology of the prairie region by storing runoff water and replenishing groundwater through focused infiltration termed as depression-focused groundwater recharge. This study investigated the spatial distribution of depression-focused groundwater recharge in Alberta and Saskatchewan using a soil-water-balance model named Versatile Soil Moisture Budget-Depression Upland System (VSMB-DUS). Automated digital elevation model (DEM) analysis was used to identify topographical depressions across Alberta and Saskatchewan and to determine hydrologically relevant parameters. Hourly meteorological data of Alberta and Saskatchewan, along with land-use data collected from Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, were used to run simulations using VSMB-DUS. A statistical approach was developed to distribute the simulated groundwater recharge across similar surficial geological settings. Simulations also incorporated the effects of different types of land use in the two prairie provinces. A chloride mass balance method was used to estimate regional-scale groundwater recharge for a comparison with model-simulated recharge. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine uncertainty in the recharge estimation. Results showed that depression-focused groundwater recharge ranges from 2 to 55 mm yr-1 in Alberta and Saskatchewan with an uncertainty of 3–15 mm yr-1. Simulated recharge was higher under managed grassland and cropland scenarios compared to unmanaged grassland, indicating the sensitivity of recharge to agricultural practices.
Accurate Calibration of the Velocity-dependent One-scale Model for Domain Walls
Creators: name: Leite, A. M. M.
name: Martins, C. J. A. P.
name: Shellard, E. P. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the asymptotic scaling properties of standard domain wall networks in several cosmological epochs. We carry out the largest field theory simulations achieved to date, with simulation boxes of size 20483, and confirm that a scale-invariant evolution of the network is indeed the attractor solution. The simulations are also used to obtain an accurate calibration for the velocity-dependent one-scale model for domain walls: we numerically determine the two free model parameters to have the values $c_w = 0.34\pm0.16$ and $k_w = 0.98\pm0.07$, which are higher precision than (but in agreement with) earlier estimates.
description: 8 pages, version to appear in Phys. Lett. B. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1110.3486