cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Sustainable Cultivated Landscapes in Germany: Goals and Requirements from an Ecological, Economic and Legal Perspective
Creators: name: Möckel, Stefan
name: Baaken, Marieke Cornelia
name: Bartkowski, Bartosz
name: Beckmann, Michael
name: Henn, Elisabeth Veronika
name: Strauch, Michael
name: Stubenrauch, Jessica
Publisher: name: UFZ
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Constitutional law
subject: International law
subject: Law enforcement
subject: Ecosystems
subject: Sustainability sciences
subject: Landscape ecology
subject: Sustainable agriculture
subject: climate change, cultivated landscape, agriculture, forestry, sustainability, international law, European law, constitutional law, nature conservation, ecosystems, biodiversity
subject: European law

description: The global increase in greenhouse gases is also changing the climate conditions more severely in Germany. This particularly affects local cultivated landscapes, which cover large parts of Germany and are already experiencing a wide range of ecological problems. Although agricultural land use characterises cultivated landscapes, their sustainability does not only depend on a change in farming methods. The creation of sustainable cultivated landscapes requires an approach that goes beyond individual actions, which is rather a task for society as a whole that extends well beyond the responsibility and possibilities of individual landowners and managers. Based on the common ecological problems and the specific challenges of climate change described in more detail in the article, we therefore analyse what sustainability means and which social goals and requirements can be identified for cultivated landscapes. The article aims to create a basis for developing practical concepts for measures, government regulations and state subsidies.
Suppression of Breast Tumor Growth and Metastasis by an Engineered Transcription Factor
Creators: name: Blancafort, Pilar
name: Fan, Cheng
name: Beltran, Adriana S.
name: Lara, Haydee
name: Lizardi, Paul M.
name: Russo, Angela
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Maspin is a tumor and metastasis suppressor playing an essential role as gatekeeper of tumor progression. It is highly expressed in epithelial cells but is silenced in the onset of metastatic disease by epigenetic mechanisms. Reprogramming of Maspin epigenetic silencing offers a therapeutic potential to lock metastatic progression. Herein we have investigated the ability of the Artificial Transcription Factor 126 (ATF-126) designed to upregulate the Maspin promoter to inhibit tumor progression in pre-established breast tumors in immunodeficient mice. ATF-126 was transduced in the aggressive, mesenchymal-like and triple negative breast cancer line, MDA-MB-231. Induction of ATF expression in vivo by Doxycycline resulted in 50% reduction in tumor growth and totally abolished tumor cell colonization. Genome-wide transcriptional profiles of ATF-induced cells revealed a gene signature that was found over-represented in estrogen receptor positive (ER+) “Normal-like” intrinsic subtype of breast cancer and in poorly aggressive, ER+ luminal A breast cancer cell lines. The comparison transcriptional profiles of ATF-126 and Maspin cDNA defined an overlapping 19-gene signature, comprising novel targets downstream the Maspin signaling cascade. Our data suggest that Maspin up-regulates downstream tumor and metastasis suppressor genes that are silenced in breast cancers, and are normally expressed in the neural system, including CARNS1, SLC8A2 and DACT3. In addition, ATF-126 and Maspin cDNA induction led to the re-activation of tumor suppressive miRNAs also expressed in neural cells, such as miR-1 and miR-34, and to the down-regulation of potential oncogenic miRNAs, such as miR-10b, miR-124, and miR-363. As expected from its over-representation in ER+ tumors, the ATF-126-gene signature predicted favorable prognosis for breast cancer patients. Our results describe for the first time an ATF able to reduce tumor growth and metastatic colonization by epigenetic reactivation of a dormant, normal-like, and more differentiated gene program.
Synergistic Activation of Cardiac Genes by Myocardin and Tbx5
Creators: name: Wang, Qing
name: Wang, Da-Zhi
name: Cao, Dongsun
name: Wang, Chunbo
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Myocardial differentiation is associated with the activation and expression of an array of cardiac specific genes. However, the transcriptional networks that control cardiac gene expression are not completely understood. Myocardin is a cardiac and smooth muscle-specific expressed transcriptional coactivator of Serum Response Factor (SRF) and is able to potently activate cardiac and smooth muscle gene expression during development. We hypothesize that myocardin discriminates between cardiac and smooth muscle specific genes by associating with distinct co-factors. Here, we show that myocardin directly interacts with Tbx5, a member of the T-box family of transcription factors involved in the Holt-Oram syndrome. Tbx5 synergizes with myocardin to activate expression of the cardiac specific genes atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) and alpha myosin heavy chain (α-MHC), but not that of smooth muscle specific genes SM22 or smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SM-MHC). We found that this synergistic activation of shared target genes is dependent on the binding sites for Tbx5, T-box factor-Binding Elements (TBEs). Myocardin and Tbx5 physically interact and their interaction domains were mapped to the basic domain and the coil domain of myocardin and Tbx5, respectively. Our analysis demonstrates that the Tbx5G80R mutation, which leads to the Holt-Oram syndrome in humans, failed to synergize with myocardin to activate cardiac gene expression. These data uncover a key role for Tbx5 and myocardin in establishing the transcriptional foundation for cardiac gene activation and suggest that the interaction of myocardin and Tbx5 maybe involved in cardiac development and diseases.
PRRI Poll: Jewish Values Survey 2012
Creators: name: PRRI
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2019

description: Barack Obama job performance (1); most important election issue (2); 2008 presidential election (1); Obama re-election (1); Republican nominee preference (1); excitement toward election (2); congressional party preference (1); feelings about Obama presidency (1); Obama's greatest achievement (1); Obama's biggest failure (1); Obama handling Arab-Israeli conflict (1); Obama and Republicans compromising (2); opinion of various politicians (6); access to equal opportunities (1); effect of immigrants on society (1); best way to ensure peace (1); truth of American dream (1); predicted financial success of children (1); agreement with economic statements (5); paying more taxes to help poor (1); support for various social issues (5); abortion legality (1); rating different American groups (7); agreement with American Muslim statements (1); importance of religion (1); importance of being Jewish (1); religious service attendance (1); synagogue membership (1); nature of god (1); most important Jewish holiday (1); participation in Passover Seder (1); importance of various Jewish values (5); importance of various Jewish experiences (4); synagogue involvement in various activities (3); synagogues working to expand human rights (1); famous Jewish figures representing Jewish values (8); most important aspect of Jewish identity (1); trip to Israel (1); severity of Israel problems (4); military action against Iran (1); support for Palestinian state (1); Israel-United States relations (1); most trusted television news source (1).
Soft vibrational mode associated with incommensurate orbital order in multiferroic CaMn$_7$O$_{12}$
Creators: name: Du, Xinyu
name: Yuan, Renliang
name: Duan, Lian
name: Wang, Chong
name: Hu, Yuwen
name: Li, Yuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report inelastic light scattering measurements of lattice dynamics related to the incommensurate orbital order in $\mathrm{CaMn_7O_{12}}$. Below the ordering temperature $T_\mathrm{o} \approx 250 \,\mathrm{K}$, we observe extra phonon peaks as a result of Brillouin-zone folding, as well as a soft vibrational mode with a power-law $T$-dependent energy, $Ω= Ω_{0}(1 - T/T_{\mathrm{o}})^{1/2}$. This temperature dependence demonstrates the second-order nature of the transition at $T_\mathrm{o}$, and it indicates that the soft mode can be regarded as the amplitude excitation of the composite order parameter. Our result strongly suggests that the lattice degrees of freedom are actively involved in the orbital-ordering mechanism.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures
Magnetically Charged Euler-Heisenberg Black Holes with Scalar Hair
Creators: name: Karakasis, Thanasis
name: Koutsoumbas, George
name: Machattou, Andri
name: Papantonopoulos, Eleftherios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Einstein-Euler-Heisenberg theory in the presence of a self interacting scalar field, minimally coupled to gravity. We solve analytically the field equations for the magnetically charged case and we obtain novel magnetically charged hairy black holes. The scalar field dresses the black hole with a secondary scalar hair. The hairy black hole develops three horizons when Euler-Heisenberg parameter and the magnetic charge are small and the horizon radius is getting large when the scalar charge and the gravitational mass are large. The presence of matter and the magnetic field outside the horizon of the black hole increases the temperature only for small black holes. Calculating the heat capacity we show that the asymptotically AdS Euler-Heisenberg hairy black hole undergoes a second order phase transition and then it is stabilized. Also the weak energy condition is violated for the asymptotically AdS Euler-Heisenberg hairy black hole.
description: Some typos corrected, accepted for publication in PRD
Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Brain Network Topology during the First Two Years of Life
Creators: name: Gao, Wei
name: Giovanello, Kelly S.
name: Lin, Weili
name: Shen, Dinggang
name: Zhu, Hongtu
name: Gilmore, John H.
name: Smith, Jeffery Keith
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: The mature brain features high wiring efficiency for information transfer. However, the emerging process of such an efficient topology remains elusive. With resting state functional MRI and a large cohort of normal pediatric subjects (n = 147) imaged during a critical time period of brain development, 3 wk- to 2 yr-old, the temporal and spatial evolution of brain network topology is revealed. The brain possesses the small world topology immediately after birth, followed by a remarkable improvement in whole brain wiring efficiency in 1 yr olds and becomes more stable in 2 yr olds. Regional developments of brain wiring efficiency and the evolution of functional hubs suggest differential development trend for primary and higher order cognitive functions during the first two years of life. Simulations of random errors and targeted attacks reveal an age-dependent improvement of resilience. The lower resilience to targeted attack observed in 3 wk old group is likely due to the fact that there are fewer well-established long-distance functional connections at this age whose elimination might have more profound implications in the overall efficiency of information transfer. Overall, our results offer new insights into the temporal and spatial evolution of brain topology during early brain development.
Subbarrier fusion of carbon isotopes: from resonance structure to fusion oscillations
Creators: name: Hagino, K.
name: Rowley, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At energies below the Coulomb barrier, the fusion excitation function for the $^{12}$C+$^{12}$C system shows prominent fine structures, whereas that for the $^{12}$C+$^{13}$C system behaves more smoothly as a function of energy. We demonstrate that these different behaviors can be simultaneously reproduced using an optical potential in which the strength of the imaginary part is proportional to the level density of each compound nucleus. We also discuss the oscillatory behavior of fusion excitation function for these systems observed at energies above the Coulomb barrier from a view point of quantum mechanical systems with identical particles.
description: 6 pages, 6 eps figures. A talk given at NUBA conference series-1: Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, September 15-21, Antalya, Turkey
Changing Trends in Drug Overdose Mortality in Kentucky: An Examination of Race and Ethnicity, Age, and Contributing Drugs, 2016-2020
Creators: name: Rock, Peter
name: Liford, Madison
name: Walsh, Sharon
name: Quesinberry, Dana
name: Hargrove, Sarah
name: Brancato, Candace
name: Freeman, Patricia
name: Slavova, Svetla
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Objectives: Increased drug overdose mortality among non-Hispanic Black people in the United States in the past 5 years highlights the need for better tailored programs and services. We evaluated (1) changes in drug overdose mortality for various racial and ethnic groups and (2) drug involvement to inform drug overdose prevention efforts in Kentucky.

Methods: We used Kentucky death certificates and postmortem toxicology reports from 2016-2020 (provisional data) to estimate changes in age-adjusted drug overdose death rates per 100 000 standard population.

Results: The age-adjusted drug overdose death rate per 100 000 standard population among non-Hispanic Black residents doubled from 2016 (21.2) to 2020 (46.0), reaching the rate among non-Hispanic White residents in 2020 (48.7; P = .48). From 2016 to 2020, about 80% of these drug overdose deaths involved opioids; heroin involvement declined about 20 percentage points; fentanyl involvement increased about 30 percentage points. The number of psychostimulant-involved drug overdose deaths increased 513% among non-Hispanic Black residents and 191% among non-Hispanic White residents. Cocaine-involved drug overdose deaths increased among non-Hispanic Black residents but declined among non-Hispanic White residents. Drug overdose death rates were significantly lower among Hispanic residents than among non-Hispanic White residents.

Conclusions: Increased opioid-involved overdose deaths among non-Hispanic Black residents in Kentucky in combination with rapidly expanding concomitant psychostimulant involvement require increased understanding of the social, cultural, and illicit market circumstances driving these rapid trend changes. Our findings underscore the urgent need to expand treatment and harm reduction services to non-Hispanic Black residents with substance use disorder.
The Ccr4-Not Complex Interacts with the mRNA Export Machinery
Creators: name: Fuchs, Stephen M.
name: Laribee, R. Nicholas
name: Kerr, Shana C.
name: Collart, Martine A.
name: Strahl, Brian D.
name: Corbett, Anita H.
name: Azzouz, Nowel
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: BackgroundThe Ccr4-Not complex is a key eukaryotic regulator of gene transcription and cytoplasmic mRNA degradation. Whether this complex also affects aspects of post-transcriptional gene regulation, such as mRNA export, remains largely unexplored. Human Caf1 (hCaf1), a Ccr4-Not complex member, interacts with and regulates the arginine methyltransferase PRMT1, whose targets include RNA binding proteins involved in mRNA export. However, the functional significance of this regulation is poorly understood.Methodology/Principal FindingsHere we demonstrate using co-immunoprecipitation approaches that Ccr4-Not subunits interact with Hmt1, the budding yeast ortholog of PRMT1. Furthermore, using genetic and biochemical approaches, we demonstrate that Ccr4-Not physically and functionally interacts with the heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) Nab2 and Hrp1, and that the physical association depends on Hmt1 methyltransferase activity. Using mass spectrometry, co-immunoprecipitation and genetic approaches, we also uncover physical and functional interactions between Ccr4-Not subunits and components of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) and we provide evidence that these interactions impact mRNA export.Conclusions/SignificanceTaken together, our findings suggest that Ccr4-Not has previously unrealized functional connections to the mRNA processing/export pathway that are likely important for its role in gene expression. These results shed further insight into the biological functions of Ccr4-Not and suggest that this complex is involved in all aspects of mRNA biogenesis, from the regulation of transcription to mRNA export and turnover.
The impact of typical school provision of physical education, physical activity and sports on adolescent physical activity behaviors. A systematic literature review.
Creators: name: Rocliffe, Padraic
name: O'Keeffe, Brendan
name: Walsh, Liam
name: Stylianou, Michalis
name: García-González, Luis
name: O'Brien, Wesley
name: Coppinger, Tara
name: SHERWIN, IAN
name: MANNIX-MC NAMARA, PATRICIA
name: MAC DONNCHA, CIARAN
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4207
subject: Sports science and exercise
classificationCode: 39
subject: Education
classificationCode: 42
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Typical school provision of physical education, physical activity and sports, which reflects the response to national curriculum, resource base and ethos of schools, may impact adolescent physical activity behaviors. This impact has not been considered in systematic literature reviews to date. The Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, PsychINFO, ERIC and MEDLINE databases were searched for relevant literature (2000–2022) on adolescents aged 12–18 years in secondary schools. Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria, including eight cross-sectional, three longitudinal and two cluster randomized control trials. Included studies contributed 84 reported effects. Physical activity behavior was the most frequently reported outcome (n = 52), 48% of which were non-significant, 29% significantly positive, 10% significantly negative and 13% demonstrated a positive or negative trend but with no test of significance. Evidence was also found to support an impact on meeting physical activity guidelines (62.5% significantly positive effects) and in reducing sedentary behavior, particularly in girls.Notwithstanding considerable heterogeneity in the data paralleled with methodological limitations, presented evidence supports the positive impact of typical school provision of physical education, physical activity and sports on adolescent physical activity behaviors.
The Genetic Structure of the Swedish Population
Creators: name: Rehnström, Karola
name: Liu, Jianjun
name: Hall, Per
name: Sklar, Pamela
name: Ripatti, Samuli
name: Grönberg, Henrik
name: Magnusson, Patrik K. E.
name: Klareskog, Lars
name: Humphreys, Keith
name: Mattingsdal, Morten
name: Palmgren, Juni
name: Ding, Bo
name: Grankvist, Alexander
name: O'Dushlaine, Colm
name: Hultman, Christina M.
name: Xu, Jianfeng
name: Pedersen, Nancy L.
name: Lichtenstein, Paul
name: Groop, Leif
name: Andreassen, Ole A.
name: Purcell, Shaun M.
name: Leu, Monica
name: Sullivan, Patrick F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Patterns of genetic diversity have previously been shown to mirror geography on a global scale and within continents and individual countries. Using genome-wide SNP data on 5174 Swedes with extensive geographical coverage, we analyzed the genetic structure of the Swedish population. We observed strong differences between the far northern counties and the remaining counties. The population of Dalarna county, in north middle Sweden, which borders southern Norway, also appears to differ markedly from other counties, possibly due to this county having more individuals with remote Finnish or Norwegian ancestry than other counties. An analysis of genetic differentiation (based on pairwise Fst) indicated that the population of Sweden's southernmost counties are genetically closer to the HapMap CEU samples of Northern European ancestry than to the populations of Sweden's northernmost counties. In a comparison of extended homozygous segments, we detected a clear divide between southern and northern Sweden with small differences between the southern counties and considerably more segments in northern Sweden. Both the increased degree of homozygosity in the north and the large genetic differences between the south and the north may have arisen due to a small population in the north and the vast geographical distances between towns and villages in the north, in contrast to the more densely settled southern parts of Sweden. Our findings have implications for future genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with respect to the matching of cases and controls and the need for within-county matching. We have shown that genetic differences within a single country may be substantial, even when viewed on a European scale. Thus, population stratification needs to be accounted for, even within a country like Sweden, which is often perceived to be relatively homogenous and a favourable resource for genetic mapping, otherwise inferences based on genetic data may lead to false conclusions.
Understanding the life history of nineteenth century Australian bricks using archaeomagnetism and the establishment of the South East Australian Archaeomagnetic Dating Reference Curve (SEAARC)
Creators: name: Lise-Pronovost, Agathe
name: Mallett, Tom
name: Myers, Sarah
name: Anderson, William
name: Muir, Anne-Louise
name: Herries, Andy I. R
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023

description: Archaeology Program, La Trobe University
PRRI/Berkley Center Poll: Millennial Values Election Survey 2012
Creators: name: Georgetown University's Berkley Center For Religion, Peace
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2019

description: Barack Obama job performance (1); thought toward presidential election (1); campaigns encouraging voter registration (1); voter participation likelihood (1); reason for peers not voting (1); presidential candidate preferences (1); reason for supporting Obama (1); reason for supporting Mitt Romney (1); going to voting booth as a child (1); parents' presidential preference (1); presidential campaign commercials (6); opinion of political institutions (6); ideology of political parties (2); characteristics of presidential candidates (7); importance of candidate religious beliefs (1); similarities between Romney and Obama (2); comfort with candidates of different religious faiths (4); confidence in Social Security (1); agreement with political statements (6); nature of government (1); support for various social issues (5); favorability of affirmative action (1); college admission preferences for various groups (6); race or gender affecting opportunities (2); making up for past discrimination vs increasing diversity (1).
Investigation of robustness and numerical stability of multiple regression and PCA in modeling world development data
Creators: name: Gan, Chen Ye
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Popular methods for modeling data both labelled and unlabeled, multiple regression and PCA has been used in research for a vast number of datasets. In this investigation, we attempt to push the limits of these two methods by running a fit on world development data, a set notorious for its complexity and high dimensionality. We assess the robustness and numerical stability of both methods using their matrix condition number and ability to capture variance in the dataset. The result indicates poor performance from both methods from a numerical standpoint, yet certain qualitative insights can still be captured.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, high-dimensional data analysis, world development data, conference, publishing by IEEE, indexed by EI compendex
АНТИПАТИЯ - КАК ЧУВСТВО, ВЫРАЖАЮЩЕЕ НЕНАВИСТЬ: ФИЛОСОФСКИЕ, ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ, ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ
Creators: name: Остонова, Г.О.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Цель этой статьи-определить концептуальное состояние антипатии и роль настройки в формировании физических и социальных отношений с окружающей средой. Также на примерах показано, что антипатия считается субъективно-оценочным фактором, характеризующим взаимоотношения индивида с социальной средой.
The In Vivo Role of the RP-Mdm2-p53 Pathway in Signaling Oncogenic Stress Induced by pRb Inactivation and Ras Overexpression
Creators: name: Issaq, Sameer
name: Pan, Wenqi
name: Zhang, Yanping
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: The Mdm2-p53 tumor suppression pathway plays a vital role in regulating cellular homeostasis by integrating a variety of stressors and eliciting effects on cell growth and proliferation. Recent studies have demonstrated an in vivo signaling pathway mediated by ribosomal protein (RP)-Mdm2 interaction that responds to ribosome biogenesis stress and evokes a protective p53 reaction. It has been shown that mice harboring a Cys-to-Phe mutation in the zinc finger of Mdm2 that specifically disrupts RP L11-Mdm2 binding are prone to accelerated lymphomagenesis in an oncogenic c-Myc driven mouse model of Burkitt's lymphoma. Because most oncogenes when upregulated simultaneously promote both cellular growth and proliferation, it therefore stands to reason that the RP-Mdm2-p53 pathway might also be essential in response to oncogenes other than c-Myc. Using genetically engineered mice, we now show that disruption of the RP-Mdm2-p53 pathway by an Mdm2C305F mutation does not accelerate prostatic tumorigenesis induced by inactivation of the pRb family proteins (pRb/p107/p130). In contrast, loss of p19Arf greatly accelerates the progression of prostate cancer induced by inhibition of pRb family proteins. Moreover, using ectopically expressed oncogenic H-Ras we demonstrate that p53 response remains intact in the Mdm2C305F mutant MEF cells. Thus, unlike the p19Arf-Mdm2-p53 pathway, which is considered a general oncogenic response pathway, the RP-Mdm2-p53 pathway appears to specifically suppress tumorigenesis induced by oncogenic c-Myc.
Capturing students’ LMS experience: Measurement invariance across Chinese and English versions
Creators: name: Fryer, Luke K.
name: Jiang, Juming
name: Simon, Patricia D.
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Education

description: This is a protocol for a study that aims to develop a questionnaire in both Chinese and English version that measures students' learning experience in the use of LMS. Three specific research questions that relevant to measuring the LMS experience of students using multiple constructs will be addressed: (1) Do the selected constructs have sufficient validity and reliability to measure the LMS experience of undergraduate students in the Greater China area? (2) Are the constructs interrelated in a manner consistent with the underlying framework used in the selection of items for measuring LMS experience of undergraduate students in the Greater China area? (3) Are the constructs for LMS student experience measured equivalently across the English and Chinese versions?
The Magnitude and Kinetics of the Mucosal HIV-Specific CD8+ T Lymphocyte Response and Virus RNA Load in Breast Milk
Creators: name: Kang, Helen H.
name: Denny, Thomas N.
name: Stacey, Andrea R.
name: Letvin, Norman L.
name: Goonetilleke, Nilu
name: Lovingood, Rachel V.
name: Permar, Sallie R.
name: Borrow, Persephone
name: Mahlokozera, Tatenda
name: Bunn, James E. G.
name: Kalilani, Linda
name: Meshnick, Steve R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: BackgroundThe risk of postnatal HIV transmission is associated with the magnitude of the milk virus load. While HIV-specific cellular immune responses control systemic virus load and are detectable in milk, the contribution of these responses to the control of virus load in milk is unknown.MethodsWe assessed the magnitude of the immunodominant GagRY11 and subdominant EnvKY9-specific CD8+ T lymphocyte response in blood and milk of 10 A*3002+, HIV-infected Malawian women throughout the period of lactation and correlated this response to milk virus RNA load and markers of breast inflammation.ResultsThe magnitude and kinetics of the HIV-specific CD8+ T lymphocyte responses were discordant in blood and milk of the right and left breast, indicating independent regulation of these responses in each breast. However, there was no correlation between the magnitude of the HIV-specific CD8+ T lymphocyte response and the milk virus RNA load. Further, there was no correlation between the magnitude of this response and markers of breast inflammation.ConclusionsThe magnitude of the HIV-specific CD8+ T lymphocyte response in milk does not appear to be solely determined by the milk virus RNA load and is likely only one of the factors contributing to maintenance of low virus load in milk.
Chemical evolution models: GRB host identification and cosmic dust predictions
Creators: name: Grieco, V.
name: Matteucci, F.
name: Calura, F.
name: Boissier, S.
name: Longo, F.
name: D'Elia, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nature of some GRB host galaxies has been investigated by means of chemical evolution models of galaxies of different morphological type following the evolution of the abundances of H, He, C, N, O, $α$-elements, Ni, Fe, Zn, and including also the evolution of dust. By comparing predictions with abundance data, we were able to constrain nature and age of GRB hosts. We also computed a theoretical cosmic dust rate, including stellar dust production, accretion and destruction, under the hypotheses of pure luminosity evolution and strong number density evolution of galaxies. We suggest that one of the three GRB hosts is a massive proto-spheroid catched during its formation, while for the other two the situation is more uncertain, although one could perhaps be a spheroid and the other a spiral galaxy. We estimated the chemical ages of the host galaxies which vary from 15 to 320 Myr. Concerning the cosmic effective dust production rate in an unitary volume of the Universe, our results show that in the case of pure luminosity evolution there is a first peak between redshift $z=8$ and $9$ and another at $z\sim 5$, whereas in the case of strong number density evolution it increases slightly from $z=10$ to $z\sim 2$ and then it decreases down to $z=0$. Finally, we found tha the total cosmic dust mass density at the present time is: $Ω_{dust} \sim 3.5\cdot 10^{-5}$in the case of pure luminosity evolution and $Ω_{dust} \sim 7\cdot 10^{-5}$ in the case of number density evolution.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Kaiser Family Foundation/Harvard School of Public Health Poll: August, 1999 Health News Interest Index: Clinton's Medicare Proposal/Patient's Bill of Rights
Creators: name: Harvard T.H. Chan School Of Public Health
name: Kaiser Family Foundation
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2019

description: Important Health Care Problem (1); Medicare Proposal (4); News Stories (8); Patients Bill of Rights (6)
The Role of Vaccine Coverage within Social Networks in Cholera Vaccine Efficacy
Creators: name: Root, Elisabeth D.
name: Emch, Michael
name: Yunus, Mohammad
name: Giebultowicz, Sophia
name: Ali, Mohammad
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: BackgroundTraditional vaccine trial methods have an underlying assumption that the effect of a vaccine is the same throughout the trial area. There are, however, many spatial and behavioral factors that alter the rates of contact among infectious and susceptible individuals and result in different efficacies across a population. We reanalyzed data from a field trial in Bangladesh to ascertain whether there is evidence of indirect protection from cholera vaccines when vaccination rates are high in an individual's social network.MethodsWe analyzed the first year of surveillance data from a placebo-controlled trial of B subunit-killed whole-cell and killed whole-cell-only oral cholera vaccines in children and adult women in Bangladesh. We calculated whether there was an inverse trend for the relation between the level of vaccine coverage in an individual's social network and the incidence of cholera in individual vaccine recipients or placebo recipients after controlling for potential confounding variables.ResultsUsing bari-level social network ties, we found incidence rates of cholera among placebo recipients were inversely related to levels of vaccine coverage (5.28 cases per 1000 in the lowest quintile vs 3.27 cases per 1000 in the highest quintile; p = 0.037 for trend). Receipt of vaccine by an individual and the level of vaccine coverage of the individual's social network were independently related to a reduced risk of cholera.ConclusionsFindings indicate that progressively higher levels of vaccine coverage in bari-level social networks can lead to increasing levels of indirect protection of non-vaccinated individuals and could also lead to progressively higher levels of total protection of vaccine recipients.
Strain Engineering for Phosphorene: The Potential Application as a Photocatalyst
Creators: name: Sa, Baisheng
name: Li, Yan-Ling
name: Qi, Jingshan
name: Ahuja, Rajeev
name: Sun, Zhimei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Phosphorene has been attracted intense interest due to its unexpected high carrier mobility and distinguished anisotropic optoelectronic and electronic properties. In this work, we unraveled strain engineered phosphorene as a photocatalyst in the application of water splitting hydrogen production based on density functional theory calculations. Lattice dynamic calculations demonstrated the stability for such kind of artificial materials under different strains. The phosphorene lattice is unstable under compression strains and could be crashed. Whereas, phosphorene lattice shows very good stability under tensile strains. Further guarantee of the stability of phosphorene in liquid water is studied by ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Tunable band gap from 1.54 eV at ambient condition to 1.82 eV under tensile strains for phosphorene is evaluated using parameter-free hybrid functional calculations. Appropriate band gaps and band edge alignments at certain pH demonstrate the potential application of phosphorene as a sufficiently efficient photocatalyst for visible light water splitting. We found that the strained phosphorene exhibits significantly improved photocatalytic properties under visible-light irradiation by calculating optical absorption spectra. Negative splitting energy of absorbed H2O indicates the water splitting on phosphorene is energy favorable both without and with strains.
description: 31 pages, 3 Tables, and 10 figures. Just accepted by J. Phys. Chem. C
A Container-Based Workflow for Distributed Training of Deep Learning Algorithms in HPC Clusters
Creators: name: González-Abad, Jose
name: García, Álvaro López
name: Kozlov, Valentin Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep learning has been postulated as a solution for numerous problems in different branches of science. Given the resource-intensive nature of these models, they often need to be executed on specialized hardware such graphical processing units (GPUs) in a distributed manner. In the academic field, researchers get access to this kind of resources through High Performance Computing (HPC) clusters. This kind of infrastructures make the training of these models difficult due to their multi-user nature and limited user permission. In addition, different HPC clusters may possess different peculiarities that can entangle the research cycle (e.g., libraries dependencies). In this paper we develop a workflow and methodology for the distributed training of deep learning models in HPC clusters which provides researchers with a series of novel advantages. It relies on udocker as containerization tool and on Horovod as library for the distribution of the models across multiple GPUs. udocker does not need any special permission, allowing researchers to run the entire workflow without relying on any administrator. Horovod ensures the efficient distribution of the training independently of the deep learning framework used. Additionally, due to containerization and specific features of the workflow, it provides researchers with a cluster-agnostic way of running their models. The experiments carried out show that the workflow offers good scalability in the distributed training of the models and that it easily adapts to different clusters.
description: This version of the article has been accepted for publication but is not the Version of Record and does not reflect post-acceptance improvements, or any corrections. The Version of Record is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-022-03798-7
The Small GTPase RhoA Localizes to the Nucleus and Is Activated by Net1 and DNA Damage Signals
Creators: name: Boulter, Etienne
name: Srougi, Melissa C.
name: Guilluy, Christophe
name: Burridge, Keith
name: García-Mata, Rafael
name: Dubash, Adi D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: BackgroundRho GTPases control many cellular processes, including cell survival, gene expression and migration. Rho proteins reside mainly in the cytosol and are targeted to the plasma membrane (PM) upon specific activation by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). Accordingly, most GEFs are also cytosolic or associated with the PM. However, Net1, a RhoA-specific GEF predominantly localizes to the cell nucleus at steady-state. Nuclear localization for Net1 has been seen as a mechanism for sequestering the GEF away from RhoA, effectively rendering the protein inactive. However, considering the prominence of nuclear Net1 and the fact that a biological stimulus that promotes Net1 translocation out the nucleus to the cytosol has yet to be discovered, we hypothesized that Net1 might have a previously unidentified function in the nucleus of cells.Principal FindingsUsing an affinity precipitation method to pulldown the active form of Rho GEFs from different cellular fractions, we show here that nuclear Net1 does in fact exist in an active form, contrary to previous expectations. We further demonstrate that a fraction of RhoA resides in the nucleus, and can also be found in a GTP-bound active form and that Net1 plays a role in the activation of nuclear RhoA. In addition, we show that ionizing radiation (IR) specifically promotes the activation of the nuclear pool of RhoA in a Net1-dependent manner, while the cytoplasmic activity remains unchanged. Surprisingly, irradiating isolated nuclei alone also increases nuclear RhoA activity via Net1, suggesting that all the signals required for IR-induced nuclear RhoA signaling are contained within the nucleus.Conclusions/SignificanceThese results demonstrate the existence of a functional Net1/RhoA signaling pathway within the nucleus of the cell and implicate them in the DNA damage response.
Skyrmion and vortex crystals in the Hubbard model
Creators: name: Kobayashi, Kaito
name: Hayami, Satoru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A mutual interplay between the charge and spin degrees of freedom in itinerant magnets leads to a plethora of topological spin textures, such as magnetic skyrmion and vortex crystals, in both centrosymmetric and noncentrosymmetric hosts. Meanwhile, their stabilization has been extensively studied in the system including the classical localized spins. We here study a realization of the skyrmion crystal in the centrosymmetric triangular-lattice Hubbard model, where the itinerant nature of electrons plays a more significant role. By performing the self-consistent mean-field calculations, we find that two types of skyrmion crystals with spatially nonuniform charge modulations appear in the ground state at a zero magnetic field. Moreover, we obtain another noncoplanar vortex crystal phase without a net scalar chirality in the vicinity of the skyrmion crystal phase. We show that the latter vortex crystal exhibits the topological phase transition to a different skyrmion phase in an applied magnetic field. Our results provide a possibility of the skyrmion and vortex crystals in itinerant magnets without the localized moments.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
The Stress Response Factors Yap6, Cin5, Phd1, and Skn7 Direct Targeting of the Conserved Co-Repressor Tup1-Ssn6 in S. cerevisiae
Creators: name: Buck, Michael J.
name: Tatomer, Deirdre C.
name: Lieb, Jason D.
name: Rizzo, Jason M.
name: Hanlon, Sean E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Maintaining the proper expression of the transcriptome during development or in response to a changing environment requires a delicate balance between transcriptional regulators with activating and repressing functions. The budding yeast transcriptional co-repressor Tup1-Ssn6 is a model for studying similar repressor complexes in multicellular eukaryotes. Tup1-Ssn6 does not bind DNA directly, but is directed to individual promoters by one or more DNA-binding proteins, referred to as Tup1 recruiters. This functional architecture allows the Tup1-Ssn6 to modulate the expression of genes required for the response to a variety of cellular stresses. To understand the targeting or the Tup1-Ssn6 complex, we determined the genomic distribution of Tup1 and Ssn6 by ChIP-chip. We found that most loci bound by Tup1-Ssn6 could not be explained by co-occupancy with a known recruiting cofactor and that deletion of individual known Tup1 recruiters did not significantly alter the Tup1 binding profile. These observations suggest that new Tup1 recruiting proteins remain to be discovered and that Tup1 recruitment typically depends on multiple recruiting cofactors. To identify new recruiting proteins, we computationally screened for factors with binding patterns similar to the observed Tup1-Ssn6 genomic distribution. Four top candidates, Cin5, Skn7, Phd1, and Yap6, all known to be associated with stress response gene regulation, were experimentally confirmed to physically interact with Tup1 and/or Ssn6. Incorporating these new recruitment cofactors with previously characterized cofactors now explains the majority of Tup1 targeting across the genome, and expands our understanding of the mechanism by which Tup1-Ssn6 is directed to its targets.
STRATEGIES EMPLOYED BY SELECTED NIGERIAN WOMEN TO MINIMIZE FAMILY LIVING EXPENSES (Ebonyi Book of Reading, 2022)
Creators: name: Oluwagbemileke, Feranmi Boluwatife
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Family and household studies

description: Within the context of a global economic recession, the average citizen of the third world falls substantially below the poverty line. The family faces severe crippling challenges as touching its ability to meet the basic necessities of its members. Even the most basic primary needs of food, clothing and shelter become visibly threatened. It then behooves virtually every woman to cut costs on home management. This study examines the strategies employed by mothers to minimize living expenses in the homes of Ondo West Local Government Area of Ondo State. Three questions were asked and one null hypothesis was postulated for the study. Descriptive survey design was employed. Two hundred (200) women were selected from the study area across such fields as teaching, nursing, secretarial work and related disciplines. Data were collected through a structured validated questionnaire with a moderately high reliability value of 0.731. Analysis was done using frequency count, simple percentage, rank order and t-test. Results revealed Nigerian women cut down home management cost by employing “modest” survival strategies such as installment payment for purchased products, and involving in supplementary jobs like farming and trading; and “critical” survival strategies such as reducing the quality and quantity of meal, and denial of basic needs. All these measures are necessarily put in place in order to accommodate the pressing needs and cope with other daily demands in the family. The need to employ these strategies – modest or critical – in order to minimize living expenses is especially fuelled by the prevalence of poverty in the country, as a lot of people are living under conditions that are sub-human. It was therefore recommended that world bodies and relevant United Nations organs should intensify efforts on programmes addressing the issue of poverty among member nations, and that the government across the various tiers in the nation should prioritize the eradication of poverty among citizens.
PSRA/Newsweek Poll # 2000-NW28: Pre-Debate Poll
Creators: name: Newsweek
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2019

description: Voting intention (6); Al Gore (8); George W. Bush vs. Gore (8); President Bill Clinton (2); debates (1); violence in entertainment (5); sex in entertainment (5); hip-hop music (8).
Sustainable Cultivated Landscapes in Germany: Comparison of 27 Practical Measures for more Sustainability and their Effectiveness
Creators: name: Möckel, Stefan
name: Baaken, Marieke Cornelia
name: Bartkowski, Bartosz
name: Beckmann, Michael
name: Strauch, Michael
name: Stubenrauch, Jessica
name: Volk, Martin
name: Witing, Felix
name: Wolf, André
Publisher: name: UFZ
Year: 2024

description: With months of drought, hot summers and flooding, global warming has also become increasingly apparent in Germany over recent years. The Climate Protection Act, which was amended in 2021, therefore aims to achieve climate neutrality by 2045. At the same time, a favourable conservation status for habitats, species and water bodies are still the exception in cultivated landscapes, in spite of obligations under European law to achieve this. In this article, we estimate the potential impacts of various landscape designs and integrated land-use measures in terms of climate change mitigation and adaptation, favourable conservation status as well as long-term food security and profitable land use. Based on these impact assessments, we then identify priority measures to be taken. The comparative assessment of effectiveness is intended to help prioritise the most suitable measures in view of limited financial and human resources.