cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Clinical Psychology and Moral Distress
Creators: name: Sprigings, Kerrie
Publisher: name: University of East London
Year: 2021
Subjects: Clinical psychology
moral distress
ethical dilemmas
professional values
burnout
occupational stress

description: Background: Decision-making practices are complex and within the process ethical dilemmas can present themselves. When a healthcare professional feels unable to provide the care that their ethical code deems ‘best’ for a patient, moral distress can arise. Moral distress is a phenomenon originating in, and most explored within, nursing; it captured the compromised ethical integrity nurses experienced when they were institutionally constrained from acting in accordance with their professional values. This study is believed to be the first in the United Kingdom to explore the concept of moral distress with Clinical Psychologists. Methods: A Thematic Analysis was carried out on data collected from semi-structured interviews with 14 Clinical Psychologists working to provide mental health support to adults in the United Kingdom’s ‘socialised’ healthcare system, the National Health Service. Results: Three superordinate and six subordinate themes emerged from data analysis. These spoke to the patterns in participants’ experiences of ‘Being in Services’ and the constraints on their attempts to ‘Do the Right Thing’ whilst observing ‘Cultural Harm’. A theme concerning ‘Power’, it’s ‘Top-Down’ enforcement, and the participants’ attempts at ‘Resistance’ followed. The final theme spoke to the role of ‘Professional Identity’ and the consequences of morally distressing experiences, such as the intent to leave a role or the NHS itself. Mechanisms for managing the values conflicts are also identified. Conclusions: Clinical Psychologists in this study were regularly constrained from working in alignment with their personal and professional values by institutional practices. The impact of this on the participants’ own psychological wellbeing was significant.
A DFT study of C, SiC, Si,and SiGe colloidal quantum dots for bioimaging
Creators: name: Pairot Moontragoon
Publisher: name: Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology
Year: 2020
Subjects: C colloidal quantum dots, Si colloidal quantum dots, SiC colloidal quantum dots, SiGe colloidal quantum dots

description: Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 25, 4, 1-9
Solvent effects on the ionic decomposition of t-butylperoxyformate : and empirical correlation of rate with solvent properties
Creators: name: Kiovsky, Thomas Elstun
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Rate constants for the pyridine catalyzed ionic decomposition of t-butylperoxyformate (TBF) are measured in 15 non-hydroxylic solvents. The second order rate constants varied by a factor of 40 from the "slowest" solvent, tetra-chloroethylene, to the "fastest", 1,2-dichloroethahe. Ten different empirical equations are found and their ability to correlate the rate constants with bulk solvent properties is compared. The best of the ten equations involves the polarizability and dipole moment of the solvent as follows. log krel = 1.207 (no²-1/no²+2) + 3.99 μ + 0.003 -3 The rate constants for TBF decomposition in other non-hydroxylic solvents are calculated by the empirical equations and are compared with values previously reported. The average deviation of the log k is 0.22. The rate constants for the reaction of methyl iodide with triethylamine are calculated from solvent properties and the values compared to literature values. In this case the average deviation of the log k is 0.31.
The Tolman Surface Brightness Test for the Reality of the Expansion. V. Provenance of the Test and a New Representation of the Data for Three Remote HST Galaxy Clusters
Creators: name: Sandage, Allan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new reduction is made of the HST photometric data for E galaxies in three remote clusters at redshifts near z=0.85 in search for the Tolman surface brightness (SB) signal for the reality of the expansion. Because of the strong variation of SB of such galaxies with intrinsic size, and because the Tolman test is about surface brightness, we must account for the variation. In an earlier version of the test, Lubin & Sandage calibrated the variation out. In contrast, the test is made here using fixed radius bins for both the local and remote samples. Homologous positions in the galaxy image at which to compare the surface brightness values are defined by radii at five Petrosian eta values ranging from 1.0 to 2.0. Sersic luminosity profiles are used to generate two diagnostic diagrams that define the mean SB distribution across the galaxy image. A Sersic exponent, defined by the r^n family of Sersic profiles, of n=0.46 fits both the local and remote samples. Diagrams of the dimming of the with redshift over the range of Petrosian eta radii shows a highly significance Tolman signal but degraded by luminosity evolution in the look-back time. The expansion is real and a luminosity evolution exists at the mean redshift of the HST clusters of 0.8 mag in R_cape and 0.4 mag in the I_cape photometric rest-frame bands, consistent with the evolution models of Bruzual and Charlot.
description: 51 pages, 16 tables, 15 figures, submitted to The AJ
Revisit to the WGVC schemes: a nonlinear order-preserving and spectral-property-optimized methodology and its enhancement
Creators: name: He, Kang
name: Liu, Hongwei
name: Guo, Tongbiao
name: Li, Xinliang
name: He, Zhiwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The numerical simulation of supersonic complex flow problems demands capabilities in identifying multiscale structures and capturing shocks, imposing stringent requirements on the numerical scheme. The capability to identify multiscale structures is closely related to the spectral properties of the numerical scheme. Currently, existing methods to improve the spectral properties of finite difference schemes face shortcomings such as parallel difficulties (compact methods) or introducing unnecessary dispersion errors at low wavenumbers due to accuracy loss (spectral-like optimization methods). In this paper, we proposed an order-preserving spectral properties optimization method based on the group velocity control theory: the weighted group velocity control (WGVC) scheme. This method, centered around the concept of group velocity, achieves low-wavenumber accuracy control and mid-wavenumber group velocity control by designing smoothness indicators and nonlinear weighting approach for wave packets. Furthermore, by embedding the WGVC scheme into shock-capturing schemes such as WENO/TENO scheme, we not only preserve the spectral properties of the WGVC scheme at medium to low wavenumbers but also enhance the shock-capturing capability of the scheme. Theoretical and numerical experiments verify that the new method has advantages such as order-preserving, small dispersion and dissipation errors, and is very suitable for numerical simulation of complex flow problems such as turbulence-shock boundary layer interactions.
Hamilton--Jacobi theory for continuation of magnetic field across a toroidal surface supporting a plasma pressure discontinuity
Creators: name: McGann, M.
name: Hudson, S. R.
name: Dewar, R. L.
name: von Nessi, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The vanishing of the divergence of the total stress tensor (magnetic plus kinetic) in a neighborhood of an equilibrium plasma containing a toroidal surface of discontinuity gives boundary and jump conditions that strongly constrain allowable continuations of the magnetic field across the surface. The boundary conditions allow the magnetic fields on either side of the discontinuity surface to be described by surface magnetic potentials, reducing the continuation problem to that of solving a Hamilton--Jacobi equation. The characteristics of this equation obey Hamiltonian equations of motion, and a necessary condition for the existence of a continued field across a general toroidal surface is that there exist invariant tori in the phase space of this Hamiltonian system. It is argued from the Birkhoff theorem that existence of such an invariant torus is also, in general, sufficient for continuation to be possible. An important corollary is that the rotational transform of the continued field on a surface of discontinuity must, generically, be irrational.
description: Prepared for submission to Phys. Letts. A
Correlation of antioxidant activity and protein alteration of silver BARB protein hydrolysates
Creators: name: Sirinda Yunchalard
Publisher: name: Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology
Year: 2020
Subjects: Fish muscle protein, Protein hydrolysate extract, Bioactive compound, Functional food, Physicochemical characteristics,

description: Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 25, 4, 1-9
Quantum symmetries and exceptional collections
Creators: name: Karp, Robert L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the interplay between discrete quantum symmetries at certain points in the moduli space of Calabi-Yau compactifications, and the associated identities that the geometric realization of D-brane monodromies must satisfy. We show that in a wide class of examples, both local and compact, the monodromy identities in question always follow from a single mathematical statement. One of the simplest examples is the Z_5 symmetry at the Gepner point of the quintic, and the associated D-brane monodromy identity.
Microbiological evaluation of Thai fermented fish (pla-ra) production contact surfaces
Creators: name: Patimakorn Pasuwan
Publisher: name: Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology
Year: 2020
Subjects: Pla-ra, Pathogenic bacteria, Container, Clay, Polyethylene, Contact surfaces

description: Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 25, 4, 1-9
Theory of spin-polarized high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy from nonmagnetic surfaces with a large spin-orbit coupling
Creators: name: Zakeri, Khalil
name: Berthod, Christophe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The scattering theory of low-energy (slow) electrons has been developed by Evans and Mills [Phys. Rev. B 5, 4126 (1972)]. The formalism is merely based on the electrostatic Coulomb interaction of the scattering electrons with the charge-density fluctuations above the surface and can describe most of the interesting features observed in the high-resolution electron energy-loss spectroscopy experiments. Here we extend this theory by including the spin-orbit coupling in the scattering process. We discuss the impact of this interaction on the scattering cross section. In particular, we discuss cases in which a spin-polarized electron beam is scattered from nonmagnetic surfaces with a strong spin-orbit coupling. We show that under some assumptions one can derive an expression for the scattering cross section, which can be used for numerical calculations of the spin-polarized spectra recorded by spin-polarized high-resolution electron energy-loss spectroscopy experiments.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure
Revisiting institutional punishment in the $N$-person prisoner's dilemma
Creators: name: Ishikawa, Bianca Y. S.
name: Fontanari, José F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The conflict between individual and collective interests makes fostering cooperation in human societies a challenging task, requiring drastic measures such as the establishment of sanctioning institutions. These institutions are costly because they have to be maintained regardless of the presence or absence of offenders. Here we revisit some improvements to the standard $N$-person prisoner's dilemma formulation with institutional punishment in a well-mixed population, namely the elimination of overpunishment, the requirement of a minimum number of contributors to establish the sanctioning institution, and the sharing of its maintenance costs once this minimum number is reached. In addition, we focus on large groups or communities for which sanctioning institutions are ubiquitous. Using the replicator equation framework for an infinite population, we find that by sufficiently fining players who fail to contribute either to the public good or to the sanctioning institution, a population of contributors immune to invasion by these free riders can be established, provided that the contributors are sufficiently numerous. In a finite population, we use finite-size scaling to show that, for some parameter settings, demographic noise helps to fixate the strategy that contributes to the public good but not to the sanctioning institution even for infinitely large populations when, somewhat counterintuitively, its proportion in the initial population vanishes with a small power of the population size.
Electron spin relaxation in bulk GaAs for doping densities close to the metal-to-insulator transition
Creators: name: Römer, M.
name: Bernien, H.
name: Müller, G.
name: Schuh, D.
name: Hübner, J.
name: Oestreich, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have measured the electron spin relaxation rate and the integrated spin noise power in n-doped GaAs for temperatures between 4 K and 80 K and for doping concentrations ranging from 2.7 x 10^{-15} cm^{-3} to 8.8 x 10^{-16} cm^{-3} using spin noise spectroscopy. The temperature dependent measurements show a clear transition from localized to free electrons for the lower doped samples and confirm mainly free electrons at all temperatures for the highest doped sample. While the sample at the metal-insulator-transition shows the longest spin relaxation time at low temperatures, a clear crossing of the spin relaxation rates is observed at 70 K and the highest doped sample reveals the longest spin relaxation time above 70 K.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Verzeichnis der Publikationen von Michael Mitterauer
Creators: name: Redaktion
Publisher: name: Jahrbuch für Geschichte des ländlichen Raumes
Year: 2022

description: Jahrbuch für Geschichte des ländlichen Raumes, Bd. 6 (2009): Zwischen Land und Stadt. Wirtschaftsverflechtungen von ländlichen und städtischen Räumen in Europa 1300–1600
Effect of heating time on the nutritional value of sap during traditional brown sugar processing from Arenga pinnata
Creators: name: Teguh Kurniawan
Publisher: name: Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology
Year: 2020
Subjects: Palm sap, Brown sugar, Sucrose, Glucose, Fructose, Minerals, Antioxidants

description: Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 25, 4, 1-7
Gate induced g-factor control and dimensional transition for donors in multi-valley semiconductors
Creators: name: Rahman, Rajib
name: Park, Seung H.
name: Boykin, Timothy B.
name: Klimeck, Gerhard
name: Rogge, Sven
name: Hollenberg, Lloyd C. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dependence of the g-factors of semiconductor donors on applied electric and magnetic fields is of immense importance in spin based quantum computation and in semiconductor spintronics. The donor g-factor Stark shift is sensitive to the orientation of the electric and magnetic fields and strongly influenced by the band-structure and spin-orbit interactions of the host. Using a multimillion atom tight-binding framework the spin-orbit Stark parameters are computed for donors in multi-valley semiconductors, silicon and germanium. Comparison with limited experimental data shows good agreement for a donor in silicon. Results for gate induced transition from 3D to 2D wave function confinement show that the corresponding g-factor shift in Si is experimentally observable.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Improved implementation of nonclassicality test for a single particle
Creators: name: Brida, Giorgio
name: Degiovanni, Ivo Pietro
name: Genovese, Marco
name: Piacentini, Fabrizio
name: Schettini, Valentina
name: Gisin, Nicolas
name: Polyakov, Sergey V.
name: Migdall, Alan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently a test of nonclassicality for a single qubit was proposed [R. Alicki and N. Van Ryn, J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 41, 062001 (2008)]. We present an optimized experimental realization of this test leading to a 46 standard deviation violation of classicality. This factor of 5 improvement over our previous result was achieved by moving from the infrared to the visible where we can take advantage of higher efficiency and lower noise photon detectors.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure
3D-Properties: Identifying Challenges in DPO and Charting a Path Forward
Creators: name: Yan, Yuzi
name: Miao, Yibo
name: Li, Jialian
name: Zhang, Yipin
name: Xie, Jian
name: Deng, Zhijie
name: Yan, Dong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences has gained significant attention, with Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) as a standard yet computationally expensive method and Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) as a more efficient alternative. While DPO offers simplicity, it remains underutilized in state-of-the-art LLMs, suggesting potential limitations. In this work, we revisit DPO, analyzing its theoretical foundations and empirical performance to bridge this gap. We identify three key properties, termed 3D properties, that emerge from DPO's learning process: Drastic drop in rejected response likelihood, Degradation into response suppression, and Dispersion effect on unseen responses. We show that these issues arise from DPO's optimization dynamics, where the interaction between chosen and rejected response gradients leads to instability. Our findings are supported by experiments on both a controlled toy model and real-world LLM tasks, including mathematical problem-solving and instruction following. To address these challenges, we propose simple regularization techniques that improve training stability and performance. Additionally, we examine how preference data distribution impacts DPO's effectiveness, offering insights into how alignment models handle out-of-domain (OOD) data. Our work connects these observations to broader research and provides a theoretical explanation for DPO's limitations. We hope these insights will guide future advancements in reward-model-free preference learning, bringing it closer to reward-model-based approaches.
Estonian Innovation Policy Activity against the Background of the EU Member States
Creators: name: Reiljan, Janno
name: Paltser, Ingra
Publisher: name: MATTIMAR OÜ
Year: 2012
Subjects: innovation policy; economic development; the structure of the activities of the public sector in promoting innovation; European comparison; the position of Estonia

description: Innovation policy is essential to guarantee a country’s development and the continuous enhancement of its innovation performance. The aim of this paper is to empirically analyse the position of Estonia in different innovation policy areas compared to other European countries. Seventeen different variables that characterise the activities of the public sector in promoting innovation are used in a principal component analysis to reveal the structure of public sector activities in promoting innovation. The principal component analysis reveals that the activities of the public sector in promoting innovation can be characterised using six components. Analysis of Estonia’s position in these policy areas shows that in comparison with other European countries, the extent to which the public sector in Estonia enhances the overall framework for innovation is above the European average and R&D in the higher education sector is also above average. But R&D in the government sector in Estonia is in a weak state; only a small proportion of innovative enterprises in Estonia receive financial support for innovation from the public sector (including support from the EU), and universities and public sector agencies in Estonia only cooperate with firms in innovation activities to a small degree.
description: Estonian Discussions on Economic Policy, Vol 20, No 1 (2012)
SecureNet: A Comparative Study of DeBERTa and Large Language Models for Phishing Detection
Creators: name: Mahendru, Sakshi
name: Pandit, Tejul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Phishing, whether through email, SMS, or malicious websites, poses a major threat to organizations by using social engineering to trick users into revealing sensitive information. It not only compromises company's data security but also incurs significant financial losses. In this paper, we investigate whether the remarkable performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) can be leveraged for particular task like text classification, particularly detecting malicious content and compare its results with state-of-the-art Deberta V3 (DeBERTa using ELECTRA-Style Pre-Training with Gradient-Disentangled Embedding Sharing) model. We systematically assess the potential and limitations of both approaches using comprehensive public datasets comprising diverse data sources such as email, HTML, URL, SMS, and synthetic data generation. Additionally, we demonstrate how LLMs can generate convincing phishing emails, making it harder to spot scams and evaluate the performance of both models in this context. Our study delves further into the challenges encountered by DeBERTa V3 during its training phases, fine-tuning methodology and transfer learning processes. Similarly, we examine the challenges associated with LLMs and assess their respective performance. Among our experimental approaches, the transformer-based DeBERTa method emerged as the most effective, achieving a test dataset (HuggingFace phishing dataset) recall (sensitivity) of 95.17% closely followed by GPT-4 providing a recall of 91.04%. We performed additional experiments with other datasets on the trained DeBERTa V3 model and LLMs like GPT 4 and Gemini 1.5. Based on our findings, we provide valuable insights into the effectiveness and robustness of these advanced language models, offering a detailed comparative analysis that can inform future research efforts in strengthening cybersecurity measures for detecting and mitigating phishing threats.
description: Preprint. 10 pages, Accepted in IEEE 7th International Conference on Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (BDAI 2024)
Social capital for sustainable tourism development in Indonesia
Creators: name: Prayitno, Gunawan
name: Auliah, Aidha
name: Ari, Ismu Rini Dwi
name: Effendi, Achmad
name: Hayat, Ainul
name: Delisa, Ahmad
name: Siankwilimba, Enock
name: Hiddlestone-Mumford, Jacqueline
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Sustainable tourism development can utilize the social capital of society to encourage development. The social networks, norms, and trusts the community has built reflect social capital, which will be important for supporting and responding to sustainable tourism. The village is located in Wonosari District, Malang Regency, which is famous for its tourism village potential, namely Bangelan Village. This tourist village uses the community’s potential and natural resources, plantations, and goat farms as tourist attractions. Thus providing good benefits for the village community. This study has the H1 hypothesis: norms, social networks, and trust have a significant influence on social capital, and the H2 hypothesis: the presence of social capital has a significant influence on sustainable tourism. The sample used for this study was the Bangelan Village community, with SEM-PLS (structural equation modeling) data analysis. The study results show that the H1 and H2 hypotheses have significant and positive values. The findings show that social networks, norms, and trusts can form the social capital of the community and play an important role as a driver of sustainable tourism development in Bangelan Tourism Village.
Asymptotic normality of a nonparametric estimator of sample coverage
Creators: name: Zhang, Cun-Hui
name: Zhang, Zhiyi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62f10, 62F12, 62G05, 62G20 (Primary) 62F15 (Secondary)

description: This paper establishes a necessary and sufficient condition for the asymptotic normality of the nonparametric estimator of sample coverage proposed by Good [Biometrica 40 (1953) 237--264]. This new necessary and sufficient condition extends the validity of the asymptotic normality beyond the previously proven cases.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/08-AOS658 the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Coronal emission lines as thermometers
Creators: name: Judge, Philip G
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coronal emission line intensities are commonly used to measure electron temperatures using emission measure and/or line ratio methods. In the presence of systematic errors in atomic excitation calculations and data noise, the information on underlying temperature distributions is fundamentally limited. Increasing the number of emission lines used does not necessarily improve the ability to discriminate between different kinds of temperature distributions.
description: Accepted by ApJ, November 2009
ESM 2 from Modelling the impact of age-stratified public health measures on SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Canada
Creators: name: Gabriele-Rivet, Vanessa
name: Spence, Kelsey L.
name: Ogden, Nicholas H.
name: Fazil, Aamir
name: Turgeon, Patricia
name: Otten, Ainsley
name: Waddell, Lisa A.
name: Ng, Victoria
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Health Care
subject: Diseases
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional analyses
Demand Side Factors of Local Public Services in Estonia
Creators: name: Reiljan, Janno
name: Ülper, Aivo
name: Puolokainen, Tarmo
Publisher: name: MATTIMAR OÜ
Year: 2012
Subjects: local public services; local government budget structure; population age structure of municipalities; population employment structure and income level of municipalities

description: The goal of this paper is to quantitatively assess the relationships between the service structure and size and age structure of the population, as well as the income levels and employment structure of Estonian municipalities. The article consists of three parts. The first part deals with the relationships between the demand for local public services and the main parameters that characterize the population of a municipality based on existing theoretical and empirical studies. The second part outlines the relationship between the models of optimal public service delivery areas and population structure and income levels. In the third part an empirical analysis is carried out to assess the relationship between the structure of Estonian municipal expenditures (by service type) and population size and age structure, as well as work related income (salary) level and employment structure.
description: Estonian Discussions on Economic Policy, Vol 20, No 1 (2012)
Some properties of platinum pentafluoride and some properties of germanium difluoride
Creators: name: Akhtar, Masud
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Platinum pentafluoride has been prepared, by a new preparative method, in a more stable, pure and crystalline form than the material already described. It has been shown, by x-ray powder photography, to be isomorphous with other noble metal pentafluorides and almost isodimensional with rhodium pentafluoride. A tetrameric structural unit like that observed in ruthenium pentafluoride is also assumed for platinum pentafluoride. Its magnetic properties have been shown to be representative of a third transition series d⁵ ion in a distorted octahedral environment. The nature of the bonding in germanium difluoride is discussed in the light of the crystal structure, which has been deduced from data obtained from single crystals prepared in this work. The products of interaction of chlorine or bromine with the difluoride are consistent with the structural findings. The ¹⁹F n.m.r. spectra of the mixed chlorofluorides (GeFCl₃, GeF₂Cl₂, GeF₃CI, GeF₄ ) and bromofluorides, indicate that intermolecular exchange between these compounds must be extremely slow, at least in the absence of a catalyst. It has been shown that germanium difluoride is so strong a reducing agent that it reduces iodine pentafluoride to iodine below room temperature. The powerful reducing properties of the difluoride were also illustrated by the reduction of platinum tetrafluoride to the metal at room temperature. Attempts to reduce tungsten hexafluoride at 300° led to the formation of Ge₂WF₈. In glass the germanium difluoride reacted with tungsten hexafluoride and the container to yield WO₂F.
Enhancing phase sensitivity in Mach-Zehnder interferometer with various detection schemes using SU(1,1) coherent states
Creators: name: Abouelkhir, Nour-Eddine
name: Slaoui, Abdallah
name: Saidi, El Hassan
name: Laamara, Rachid Ahl
name: Hadfi, Hanane El
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Improving interferometric phase sensitivity is crucial for high-precision measurements in rapidly developing quantum technologies. The Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) is a versatile tool for analyzing this phenomenon. By splitting and recombining a light beam using beam splitters, MZIs allow for precise phase sensitivity analysis using tools like the quantum Cramér-Rao bound (QCRB) and the quantum Fisher information (QFI). This paper analyzes the phase sensitivity of a MZI in various scenarios using different detection schemes and input states. We compare the single- and two-parameter quantum estimation and their associated QCRB for three phase-shift situations: in both arms, only in the upper arm (asymmetric), and in both arms symmetrically. We then investigate the phase sensitivity under three detection schemes: intensity difference, single-mode intensity, and balanced homodyne. Additionally, we explore the use of Perelomov and Barut-Girardello coherent states, two types of SU(1,1) coherent states, in all scenarios. Notably, we demonstrate that under optimal conditions, all detection schemes can achieve the QCRB by utilizing SU(1,1) coherent states as input states.
The Problems of Estonian R&D and Innovation Strategy and the Demand-Side Innovation Policies
Creators: name: Roolaht, Tõnu
Publisher: name: MATTIMAR OÜ
Year: 2012
Subjects: R&D and innovation strategy; demand-side innovation policy; Estonia

description: The second larger Estonian R&D and Innovation Strategy ‘Knowledge-based Estonia 2007-2013’ is aimed at continuing the advancement of research and development efforts towards an innovative knowledge-based society and economic system in Estonia. Fostering of knowledge-based high-tech industries is seen as paramount for retaining country’s competitive advantage. However, the mid-term evaluations indicate that several goals of the strategy might not be achievable by 2013. In fact, the policy measures have been much more successful in developing scientific research, as indicated by increased international publication, number of patents, and number of researchers and engineers. The advances in development of high-tech products and services through innovations are noticeable but less prominent. The purpose of this study is to suggest the role for demand-side innovation policies in helping to advance commercial development and innovation
description: Estonian Discussions on Economic Policy, Vol 20, No 1 (2012)
Approximate average run length and its eigenvalue problem on exponentially weighted moving average control chart: an economic application
Creators: name: Rapin Sunthornwat
Publisher: name: Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology
Year: 2020
Subjects: Average run length, Exponentially weighted moving average control chart, Integral equation, Eigenvalue problem, Inflation rate data of the Thai economy

description: Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 25, 4, 1-11
Indicators Measuring University-Industry Cooperation
Creators: name: Seppo, Marge
name: Lilles, Alo
Publisher: name: MATTIMAR OÜ
Year: 2012
Subjects: university-industry cooperation; types of cooperation; indicators; policy making

description: The aim of this paper is to describe the indicators for measuring different types of collaboration activities between universities and industry. Popular indicators for measuring university-industry cooperation are the number and amount of patents or licences, but these do not express the knowledge transfer and university-industry cooperation most adequately, as the collaboration and knowledge transfer also takes place through other types of cooperation. Although it is easier use input and output indicators for measuring university-industry cooperation, the focus should be on the economic impact of the collaboration. Additionally, relationship-based indicators should also be used. In Estonia different input factors are widely used. As university-industry cooperation is an input in innovation processes, the desired outcome should be a higher level of innovation, productivity, competitiveness, and growth, which has to be considered in the development of policies.
description: Estonian Discussions on Economic Policy, Vol 20, No 1 (2012)
Early X-ray and optical observations of the soft gamma-ray repeater SGR 0418+5729
Creators: name: Esposito, P.
name: Israel, G. L.
name: Turolla, R.
name: Tiengo, A.
name: Götz, D.
name: De Luca, A.
name: Mignani, R. P.
name: Zane, S.
name: Rea, N.
name: Testa, V.
name: Caraveo, P. A.
name: Chaty, S.
name: Mattana, F.
name: Mereghetti, S.
name: Pellizzoni, A.
name: Romano, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Emission of two short hard X-ray bursts on 2009 June 5 disclosed the existence of a new soft gamma-ray repeater, now catalogued as SGR 0418+5729. After a few days, X-ray pulsations at a period of 9.1 s were discovered in its persistent emission. SGR 0418+5729 was monitored almost since its discovery with the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (2-10 keV energy range) and observed many times with Swift (0.2-10 keV). The source persistent X-ray emission faded by a factor 10 in about 160 days, with a steepening in the decay about 19 days after the activation. The X-ray spectrum is well described by a simple absorbed blackbody, with a temperature decreasing in time. A phase-coherent timing solution over the 160 day time span yielded no evidence for any significant evolution of the spin period, implying a 3-sigma upper limit of 1.1E-13 s/s on the period derivative and of 3E+13 G on the surface dipole magnetic field. Phase-resolved spectroscopy provided evidence for a significant variation of the spectrum as a function of the stellar rotation, pointing to the presence of two emitting caps, one of which became hotter during the outburst. Finally, a deep observation of the field of SGR 0418+5729 with the new Gran Telescopio Canarias 10.4-m telescope allowed us to set an upper limit on the source optical flux of i'>25.1 mag, corresponding to an X-ray-to-optical flux ratio exceeding 10000, consistent with the characteristics of other magnetars.
description: The paper (10 pages) contains 6 colour figures and 2 tables; accepted for publication in MNRAS
AGN Feedback in Quiescent Galaxies at Cosmic Noon Traced by Ionized Gas Emission
Creators: name: Bugiani, Letizia
name: Belli, Sirio
name: Park, Minjung
name: Davies, Rebecca L.
name: Mendel, J. Trevor
name: Johnson, Benjamin D.
name: Khoram, Amir H.
name: Benton, Chloë
name: Cimatti, Andrea
name: Conroy, Charlie
name: Emami, Razieh
name: Leja, Joel
name: Li, Yijia
name: Maheson, Gabriel
name: Mathews, Elijah P.
name: Naidu, Rohan P.
name: Nelson, Erica J.
name: Tacchella, Sandro
name: Terrazas, Bryan A.
name: Weinberger, Rainer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze ionized gas emission lines in deep rest-frame optical spectra of 16 quiescent galaxies at redshift $1.7
description: 20 pages, 18 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Examining the relationship between alcohol consumption, psychological distress and COVID-19 related circumstances: An Australian longitudinal study in the first year of the pandemic
Creators: name: Mojica Perez, Yvette
name: Livingston, Michael
name: Pennay, Amy
name: Callinan, Sarah
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 5203
subject: Clinical and health psychology
classificationCode: 5202
subject: Biological psychology
classificationCode: 4206
subject: Public health

description: Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between alcohol consumption, psychological distress and COVID-19 related circumstances (being in lockdown, working from home, providing home-schooling and being furloughed) over the first eight months of the pandemic in Australia. Method: A longitudinal study with six survey waves over eight months with a convenience sample of 770 participants. Participants were aged 18 or over, lived in Australia and consumed alcohol at least monthly. Demographic data was obtained in the first wave. Data on alcohol consumption, psychological distress (Kessler 10), and COVID-19 related circumstances (being in lockdown, working from home, providing home-schooling and being furloughed) were obtained in each survey wave. Results: Results from the fixed-effect bivariate regression analyses show that participants reported greater alcohol consumption when they had high psychological distress compared to when they had low psychological distress. Meanwhile, participants reported greater alcohol consumption when they worked from home compared to when they did not work from home. Participants also reported greater alcohol consumption when they provided home-schooling compared with when they did not provide home-schooling. The fixed-effect panel multivariable regression analyses indicated a longitudinal relationship between higher psychological distress and providing home-schooling on increased alcohol consumption. Conclusion: Broader drinking trends during the COVID-19 pandemic typically indicate increases and decreases in drinking among different members of the population. This study demonstrates that in Australia, it was those who experienced psychological distress and specific impacts of COVID-19 restrictions that were more likely to increase their drinking.
ESM1 from Modelling the impact of age-stratified public health measures on SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Canada
Creators: name: Gabriele-Rivet, Vanessa
name: Spence, Kelsey L.
name: Ogden, Nicholas H.
name: Fazil, Aamir
name: Turgeon, Patricia
name: Otten, Ainsley
name: Waddell, Lisa A.
name: Ng, Victoria
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Health Care
subject: Diseases
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Agent-based model technical background
The Policy Suggestions Concerning Motivations and Barriers of University-Industry Cooperation
Creators: name: Seppo, Marge
name: Roolaht, Tõnu
Publisher: name: MATTIMAR OÜ
Year: 2012
Subjects: university-industry cooperation; motivations; barriers; policy making

description: The universities as scientific and educational bodies transform into entrepreneurial organizations focusing on cooperation with industry. The motivations for increased cooperation with industry include additional funding of research, application of research results in practice, sharing experiences with practitioners, discovering novel research problems, and securing jobs for alumni. Industries seek cooperation with universities in order to build competitive advantage, increase productivity, gain access to new technologies and to potential qualified labour, influence curricula development, use labs and equipment, and to improve image. The barriers to cooperation include differences in goals and culture, miscomprehensions, biased attitudes, remuneration systems, different focuses, lacking communication, and difficulties in commercialization. The purpose of this study is to suggest policies to enhance motivations and/or reduce barriers of university-industry cooperation.
description: Estonian Discussions on Economic Policy, Vol 20, No 1 (2012)
Die Entstehung der Agrargemeinschaften in Tirol unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Gemeindegutsagrargemeinschaften
Creators: name: Siegl, Gerhard
Publisher: name: Jahrbuch für Geschichte des ländlichen Raumes
Year: 2022

description: Jahrbuch für Geschichte des ländlichen Raumes, Bd. 6 (2009): Zwischen Land und Stadt. Wirtschaftsverflechtungen von ländlichen und städtischen Räumen in Europa 1300–1600
Incremental Dense Reconstruction from Monocular Video with Guided Sparse Feature Volume Fusion
Creators: name: Zuo, Xingxing
name: Yang, Nan
name: Merrill, Nathaniel
name: Xu, Binbin
name: Leutenegger, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Incrementally recovering 3D dense structures from monocular videos is of paramount importance since it enables various robotics and AR applications. Feature volumes have recently been shown to enable efficient and accurate incremental dense reconstruction without the need to first estimate depth, but they are not able to achieve as high of a resolution as depth-based methods due to the large memory consumption of high-resolution feature volumes. This letter proposes a real-time feature volume-based dense reconstruction method that predicts TSDF (Truncated Signed Distance Function) values from a novel sparsified deep feature volume, which is able to achieve higher resolutions than previous feature volume-based methods, and is favorable in large-scale outdoor scenarios where the majority of voxels are empty. An uncertainty-aware multi-view stereo (MVS) network is leveraged to infer initial voxel locations of the physical surface in a sparse feature volume. Then for refining the recovered 3D geometry, deep features are attentively aggregated from multiview images at potential surface locations, and temporally fused. Besides achieving higher resolutions than before, our method is shown to produce more complete reconstructions with finer detail in many cases. Extensive evaluations on both public and self-collected datasets demonstrate a very competitive real-time reconstruction result for our method compared to state-of-the-art reconstruction methods in both indoor and outdoor settings.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, RA-L 2023
The Influence of Financial Performance on Payout Policy: a Study of Estonian Firm
Creators: name: Teral, Argo
name: Lukason, Oliver
name: Sander, Priit
Publisher: name: MATTIMAR OÜ
Year: 2012
Subjects: payout policy; dividend policy; financial performance

description: Payout (dividend) policy has been a controversial topic for decades. Theoretical and empirical literature has listed dozens of factors that could affect firm’s payout decisions. Current paper analyses the influence of financial performance on firms’ payout decisions based on a large sample of Estonian companies and covers the financial and economic crises period of 2008-2009. The results indicate that past financial performance indicators are poor predictors of future dividends (measured both by payout ratio and the value of dividends). The connection between the dividends paid and future earnings of the firm turned out to be remarkably stronger, i.e. dividends seem to possess some predictive power.
description: Estonian Discussions on Economic Policy, Vol 20, No 1 (2012)
Opacity effects and shock-in-jet modelling of low-level activity in Cygnus X-3
Creators: name: Miller-Jones, James C. A.
name: Rupen, Michael P.
name: Türler, Marc
name: Lindfors, Elina J.
name: Blundell, Katherine M.
name: Pooley, Guy G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present simultaneous dual-frequency radio observations of Cygnus X-3 during a phase of low-level activity. We constrain the minimum variability timescale to be 20 minutes at 43 GHz and 30 minutes at 15 GHz, implying source sizes of 2 to 4 AU. We detect polarized emission at a level of a few per cent at 43 GHz which varies with the total intensity. The delay of approximately 10 minutes between the peaks of the flares at the two frequencies is seen to decrease with time, and we find that synchrotron self-absorption and free-free absorption by entrained thermal material play a larger role in determining the opacity than absorption in the stellar wind of the companion. A shock-in-jet model gives a good fit to the lightcurves at all frequencies, demonstrating that this mechanism, which has previously been used to explain the brighter, longer-lived giant outbursts in this source, is also applicable to these low-level flaring events. Assembling the data from outbursts spanning over two orders of magnitude in flux density shows evidence for a strong correlation between the peak brightness of an event, and the timescale and frequency at which this is attained. Brighter flares evolve on longer timescales and peak at lower frequencies. Analysis of the fitted model parameters suggests that brighter outbursts are due to shocks forming further downstream in the jet, with an increased electron normalisation and magnetic field strength both playing a role in setting the strength of the outburst.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 15 pages, 9 figures
Accelerating Kaluza-Klein Universe in Modified Theory of Gravitation
Creators: name: Katore, S. D.
name: Hatkar, S. P.
name: Tadas, D. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The purpose of this paper is to study the Kaluza-Klein universe in the context of the $f(R,T)$ gravity theory using magnetized strange quark matter (MSQM). To obtain exact solutions of field equations, we assume two types of volumetric expansion: power law and exponential law volumetric expansions. The violation of energy conditions has been studied. The physical and geometrical properties of the examined model have also been investigated thoroughly. Keywords: Kaluza-Klein metric, Magnetized Strange Quark Matter, Power and Exponential law, $f(R,T)$ gravity.
description: 20 Pages, 08 Figures