cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
RealitySketch: Embedding Responsive Graphics and Visualizations in AR through Dynamic Sketching
Creators: name: Suzuki, Ryo
name: Kazi, Rubaiat Habib
name: Wei, Li-Yi
name: DiVerdi, Stephen
name: Li, Wilmot
name: Leithinger, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present RealitySketch, an augmented reality interface for sketching interactive graphics and visualizations. In recent years, an increasing number of AR sketching tools enable users to draw and embed sketches in the real world. However, with the current tools, sketched contents are inherently static, floating in mid air without responding to the real world. This paper introduces a new way to embed dynamic and responsive graphics in the real world. In RealitySketch, the user draws graphical elements on a mobile AR screen and binds them with physical objects in real-time and improvisational ways, so that the sketched elements dynamically move with the corresponding physical motion. The user can also quickly visualize and analyze real-world phenomena through responsive graph plots or interactive visualizations. This paper contributes to a set of interaction techniques that enable capturing, parameterizing, and visualizing real-world motion without pre-defined programs and configurations. Finally, we demonstrate our tool with several application scenarios, including physics education, sports training, and in-situ tangible interfaces.
description: UIST 2020
Contracts for environmental outcomes: the use of financial contracts in environmental markets
Creators: name: Nemes, Veronica
name: La Nauze, Andrea
name: O'Neill, James
name: Nemes, Veronica
name: La Nauze, Andrea
name: O'Neill, James
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: In environmental markets, parties frequently exchange obligations through environmental contracts. These contracts imply a distribution of risk between parties. The main focus of our paper is to identify contracts that enable risk in environmental markets to be reduced, distributed at least cost, or managed efficiently. The risks that we consider are: moral hazard risk, price risk, exogenous environmental risk, measurement risk and production risk. The first section of our paper outlines some of the contracts currently utilised in financial and insurance markets to achieve these objectives. These are: futures and options contracts, spread contracts, weather contracts and catastrophe bonds. We then provide a snapshot of current applications of these contracts both in real markets and in the literature. Finally we discuss some possible applications in the environmental sector and indicate how the use of these contracts may alter the way government manages environmental assets and responsibilities. We also suggest a staged process to the introduction of contracts that recognises the current limitations faced by government. This paper does not propose new or novel contracts for tackling the problems of risk in exchange. Rather it extends the application of existing contractual arrangements to a new type of problem: environmental markets.
Untitled ItThe New Hierarchical Model of Human Needs
Creators: name: Ozherelev, Nikolay
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 520505
subject: Social psychology
classificationCode: 520599
subject: Social and personality psychology not elsewhere classified

description: "The Progressive Human Motivation And Needs" is a comprehensive study of motivation and human needs that suggests a new model of motivation, while showing how the hierarchical order of needs changes throughout a person's life, determined by a person's ancestors and how it determines the future of a person's own descendants.
Enhanced Infrared Emission by Thermally Switching the Excitation of Magnetic Polariton with Scalable Microstructured VO2 Metasurfaces
Creators: name: Long, Linshuang
name: Taylor, Sydney
name: Wang, Liping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamic radiative cooling attracts fast-increasing interest due to its adaptability to changing environment and promises for more energy-savings than the static counterpart. Here we demonstrate enhanced infrared emission by thermally switching the excitation of magnetic polariton with microstructured vanadium dioxide (VO2) metasurfaces fabricated via scalable and etch-free processes. Temperature-dependent infrared spectroscopy clearly shows that the spectral emittance of fabricated tunable metasurfaces at wavelengths from 2 to 6 um is significantly enhanced when heated beyond its phase transition temperature, where the magnetic polariton is excited with metallic VO2. The tunable emittance spectra are also demonstrated to be insensitive to incidence and polarization angles such that the VO2 metasurface can be treated as a diffuse infrared emitter. Numerical optical simulation and analytical inductance-capacitance model elucidate the suppression or excitation of magnetic polariton with insulating or metallic VO2 upon phase transition. The effect of enhanced thermal emission with the tunable VO2 metasurface is experimentally demonstrated with a thermal vacuum test. For the same heating power of 0.2 W, the steady-state temperature of the tunable VO2 metasurface emitter after phase transition is found to be 20degC lower than that of a reference V2O5 emitter whose static spectral emittance is almost the same as that of the VO2 metasurface before phase transition. The radiative thermal conductance for the tunable metasurface emitter is found to be 3.96 W/m2K with metallic VO2 at higher temperatures and 0.68 W/m2K with insulating VO2 at lower temperatures, clearly demonstrating almost six-fold enhancement in radiative heat dissipation.
An impact evaluation of technology adoption by smallholders in Sichuan, China: the case of sweet potato-pig systems
Creators: name: Lapar, Ma. Lucila A.
name: Ngoc Toan, Nguyen
name: Zou, Chengyi
name: Liu, Jinyuan
name: Li, Xianglin
name: Randolph, Thomas F.
name: Lapar, Ma. Lucila A.
name: Ngoc Toan, Nguyen
name: Zou, Chengyi
name: Liu, Jinyuan
name: Li, Xianglin
name: Randolph, Thomas F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Production Economics
subject: Technology adoption
subject: impact assessment
subject: crop-livestock systems

description: We employ propensity score matching (PSM) framework to examine the impact of sweet potato-based feed technology adoption on household-based pig production in Sichuan, China. An ex post survey in six villages was conducted in 2009, of which five villages were in project intervention sites (exposed area) and one village in the same township but not exposed to project intervention (non-exposed area). We randomly selected 111 households in the exposed areas from the list of households previously interviewed in a baseline survey and 53 households from non-exposed area. Matching estimators such as nearest neighbor matching (NNM), radius matching (RM) and kernel matching (KM) were used to estimate average treatment effects. Results indicate positive net benefit from adoption of sweet potato-based feeding technology, i.e., gross margin estimates of silage adopters are on average higher by 2-4 RMB per kg liveweight of output than non-adopters of similar characteristics. Silage adopters are also likely to produce 3-7 more slaughter pigs per year than non-adopters having similar characteristics, on average. Analysis of factors driving adoption indicates that sweet potato-based feed technology is not suitable in all smallholder context in Sichuan. Where this is suitable is in systems where sweet potato is an important crop, where there is limited access to input markets such as in upland or mountainous areas, where corn is not an important crop, and where households raise no more than 10 pigs given available household labor for pig raising in rural areas (generally either old people who are no longer active in the labor force, or young children who are still in school). Overall, the results show that sweet potato-based feed technology plays an important role in helping household-based pig producers become resilient, by having options in feeding strategies that help them cope with volatility in output prices (e.g., prices of live pigs as a function of retail prices of pork) and input prices (e.g., price of corn vis-à-vis price of pork, price of industrial feed). Exposure to the technology and its benefits through actual demonstration also appears to be more effective in engendering uptake and sustaining adoption.
The OH (1720 MHz) Supernova Remnant Masers in W44: MERLIN and VLBA Polarization Observations
Creators: name: Hoffman, Ian M.
name: Goss, W. M.
name: Brogan, C. L.
name: Claussen, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Full-polarization MERLIN and VLBA observations of the 1720-MHz maser emission from the OH molecule in the supernova remnant W44 are presented. Zeeman splitting has been directly resolved between right- and left-circularly polarized spectra indicating magnetic field strengths of B~0.50 mG. The position angle of the linear polarization is in good agreement with the orientation of the shocked gas at the supernova remnant/molecular cloud interface. Based on MERLIN data having a resolution of 200 milliarcseconds (mas) and VLBA data with a resolution of 15 mas, the masers are measured to have deconvolved angular sizes of 50 to 350 mas (150 to 1000 AU) with compact cores 20 mas (60 AU) in size, consistent with theoretical expectation and previous observations.
description: 33 pages, 7 figures, 7 tables; accepted to ApJ
Breaks and Trends in OECD Countries’ Energy-GDP Ratios
Creators: name: Liddle, Brantley
name: Liddle, Brantley
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: energy intensity
subject: endogenous structural breaks
subject: modeling environment and development

description: This paper uses the econometrics of endogenous structural breaks to examine changes in energy intensity for OECD countries over 1960-2009. Nearly all OECD countries currently have significant negatively trending energy-GDP ratios; but for several countries those negative trends are recent, and two countries have recent significant positive trends. For several countries, energy intensity had a significant positive trend followed by a break and then a significant negative trend. Those break-dates, however, appear to have little to do with level of development (GDP per capita). Instead, among the likely causes of break timing are the volatile energy prices of the 1970s and early 1980s and the increased concern for the environment in the late 1960s and early 1970s. These findings have implications for future modeling of energy consumption as well as for the role of energy price policy in developed and developing countries.
Domain wall competition in the Chern insulating regime of twisted bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Kwan, Yves H.
name: Wagner, Glenn
name: Chakraborty, Nilotpal
name: Simon, Steven H.
name: Parameswaran, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) at filling $ν=+3$, where experiments have observed a robust quantized anomalous Hall effect. This has been attributed to the formation of a valley- and spin-polarized Chern insulating ground state that spontaneously breaks time-reversal symmetry, and is stabilized by a hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) substrate. We identify three different types of domain wall, and study their properties and energetic selection mechanisms via theoretical arguments and Hartree-Fock calculations adapted to deal with inhomogeneous moiré systems. We comment on the implications of these results for transport and scanning probe experiments.
description: 19 pages, 13 figures
Isotopic trends in nuclear multifragmentation
Creators: name: Veselsky, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An overview of the recent progress in the studies of nuclear multifragmentation is presented. Special emphasis is put on the exploration of isotopic trends in nuclear multifragmentation and the possibilities to extract physical information related to the nuclear equation of state. Relevant experimental methods of isotope identification are described. The isotopic composition of fragments is used to extract the values of thermodynamical observables of the system undergoing multifragmentation such as temperature and chemical potentials. Various methods for extraction of thermodynamical variables are analyzed. An overview of methods of isotope thermometry, exploring the sensitivity of various yield ratios to temperature, is presented. An exponential scaling of relative isotopic yields from reactions with different neutron content, called isoscaling, is used to explore the evolution of the isospin degrees of freedom of the system. Finally, the nuclear equation of state and the isospin-asymmetric liquid-gas phase transition in the nuclear matter are discussed.
description: 45 pages, 28 figures, overview of recent results on multifragmentation, analysis methods and thermodynamical aspects, liquid-gas phase transition
Additional file 11 of The initial engraftment of tumor cells is critical for the future growth pattern: a mathematical study based on simulations and animal experiments
Creators: name: Hoffmann, Bertin
name: Lange, Tobias
name: Labitzky, Vera
name: Riecken, Kristoffer
name: Wree, Andreas
name: Schumacher, Udo
name: Wedemann, Gero
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 11: Table S5. Deviation between true and predicted tumor volumes using different time intervals between measurements based on 20 synthetic samples of Gompertzian growth. Indicated are the absolute mean values for each measurement frequency and the corresponding depth. () = 95% confidence interval. Parameter V0 was set to 0.1 mm3 during the fitting procedure. Growth parameters: V0 = 1 mm3, a = 0.56 day− 1, β = 0.0719 day− 1.
The comorbidity of early childhood caries and iron deficiency in preschool children
Creators: name: Szeto, Ann
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The overall goal of this study was to explore the dietary risk factors that may contribute to both ECC and ID. The objectives of the study were to: 1. determine the prevalence of dental decay and iron deficiency in a sample of preschool children from Vancouver, British Columbia, 2. explore the socio-demographic variables, dietary habits and dental health practices that may be associated with early childhood caries and iron deficiency in these children, and 3. explore a possible relationship between early childhood caries and iron deficiency by investigating common explanatory variables, most specifically dietary patterns.
Catch allocation in a shared fishery with a minimally managed recreational sector
Creators: name: Lindner, Robert K.
name: McLeod, Paul
name: Lindner, Robert K.
name: McLeod, Paul
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: economics management shared fishery catch allocation

description: A prevalent problem in shared fisheries is competition between commercial and recreational fishers for access to a resource that is subject to increasing utilisation pressure. For most shared fisheries in New Zealand, the commercial sector is efficiently managed with a regime of individual transferable quota (ITQ), but the recreational fishing is only minimally managed. A model is developed that can be used to explore the size of the total allowable catch (TAC) that is both sustainable AND maximises the value to the NZ economy of the combined commercial and recreational catch when the commercial catch is regulated via a total allowable commercial catch (TACC) while the recreational catch (RC) is self regulating. Determinants of the optimal catch allocation include: • the relative size of annual value to recreational fishers vis-à-vis the value of one unit of ACE to the commercial fishing sector from a unit decrease in the TACC • the relation between value to recreational fishers and size of stock biomass • the biology, and in particular the population dynamics of the fishery • the nature of the functional relationship between the self regulating recreational catch and stock biomass. The model can be applied to a fishery of interest by quantifying the above variables and relationships.
Additional file 12 of The initial engraftment of tumor cells is critical for the future growth pattern: a mathematical study based on simulations and animal experiments
Creators: name: Hoffmann, Bertin
name: Lange, Tobias
name: Labitzky, Vera
name: Riecken, Kristoffer
name: Wree, Andreas
name: Schumacher, Udo
name: Wedemann, Gero
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 12: Table S6. Deviation between true and predicted tumor volumes using different time intervals between measurements based on 20 synthetic samples of Gompertzian growth. Indicated are the absolute mean values for each measurement frequency and the corresponding depth. () = 95% confidence interval. Parameter V0 was set to 0.1 mm3 during the fitting procedure. Growth parameters: V0 = 0.1 mm3, a = 0.745 day− 1, β = 0.0719 day− 1.
Risk and Uncertainty in Environmental Economics: From Theory to Policy
Creators: name: Lobb, Alexandra E.
name: Lobb, Alexandra E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: A lack of awareness and understanding of risk and uncertainty can lead to poor decision making and higher costs for policy providers, as not accounting for them may produce policy which is inflexible and with a negative effect on welfare. Further, misunderstanding of and/or failure to account for risk and uncertainty can inhibit research and development for policy to which environmental economics can contribute (for example, in developing effective measures of sustainability). The aim of this project is to develop guidelines for ‘Best Practice’ approaches to risk and uncertainty in environmental economics for guiding policy development and implementation, taking into account key issues such as costs, irreversibility, adaptation and dynamics. These guidelines are developed by examining the frameworks commonly used by environmental economists to account for risk and uncertainty (such as the Precautionary Principle and Cost Benefit Analysis) as well as specifically developed theories (e.g. Quiggin’s Rank Dependent Utility Theory), borrowing from other disciplines (e.g. Prospect Theory) and drawing attention to lesser known ideas (e.g. Shackle’s Model).
Effect of Dynamical Coulomb Correlations on the Fermi Surface of Na_0.3CoO_2
Creators: name: Ishida, H.
name: Johannes, M. D.
name: Liebsch, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The t2g quasi-particle spectra of Na_0.3CoO_2 are calculated within the dynamical mean field theory. It is shown that as a result of dynamical Coulomb correlations charge is transfered from the nearly filled e_g' subbands to the a_1g band, thereby reducing orbital polarization among Co t2g states. Dynamical correlations therefore stabilize the small e_g' Fermi surface pockets, in contrast to angle-resolved photoemission data, which do not reveal these pockets.
description: 4 pages, to appear in PRL
You can see a clock running backwards in time
Creators: name: Paranjape, M. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The epitome of acausal or anti-chronological behaviour would be to see a clock running backwards in time. In this essay we point out that this is indeed possible, but there is no problem with causality. What you see isn't what is really happening. Locally, causality is always respected. However our observation should be cause for pause to astronomers and cosmologists, who strictly observe events occurring at very large distances or very long ago and certainly not locally. It can be that what you see isn't what you necessarily get.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures, 2020 Gravity Research Foundation Essay Competition Honourable Mention
Adenosine A₁ and A₂₄ receptors in the rat stomach : biological actions, cellular localization, structure and gene expression
Creators: name: Yip, Linda
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Adenosine has been shown to inhibit gastric acid secretion in the rat stomach, likely by regulating gastrin and somatostatin release. The current study demonstrates that A₁ and A₂[sub A] receptors may play significant roles in this action. Specifically, in the isolated vascularly perfused rat stomach, the effect of various selective adenosine agonists and antagonists suggests that the inhibition of immunoreactive gastrin (IRG) and somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) release is mediated by A₁ receptors, while the stimulation of SLI release is mediated by A₂[sub A] receptors. To determine the site at which adenosine acts to elicit these actions, immunohistochemistry was performed. Both A₁ receptor immunoreactivity (A₁R-IR) and A₂[sub A] receptor immunoreactivity (A₂[sub A]R-IR) were observed on mucosal somatostatin-containing D-cells. A₁R-IR was also observed on gastrin-containing G-cells, while neither A₁R-IR nor A₂[sub A]R-IR was observed on parietal cells. These results suggest that adenosine does not act directly on the parietal cells to inhibit gastric acid secretion. Instead, adenosine may act on Ai receptors of G-cells and D-cells to inhibit IRG and SLI release, respectively, and may act on A₂[sub A] receptors of D-cells to stimulate SLI release. The localization of A₁R-IR and A₂[sub A]R-IR in the gastric plexi suggests that adenosine may also act indirectly on the gastric plexi by altering enteric neural transmission to regulate IRG and SLI release. The coding regions of the gastric A₁ and A₂[sub A] receptors were also examined and found to be structurally identical to those in the rat brain, but expressed in extremely low levels. Gene expression was measured using Real-Time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays developed in the current study. Using these assays, A₁ and A₂[sub A] receptor gene expression was found to be altered by fasting and omeprazole treatment. These treatments produced reciprocal changes in A₁ receptor and gastrin gene expression, and similar changes in A₂[sub A] receptor and somatostatin gene expression. Further studies demonstrate that omeprazole treatment also altered adenosine agonist-induced changes in SLI release, suggesting that changes in adenosine receptor gene expression may result in actual changes in receptor expression. These results suggest that changes in the gastric state may alter A₁ and A₂[sub A] receptor expression, which in turn regulates the synthesis and release of gastrin and somatostatin, and consequently gastric acid secretion.
Unbiased Spectroscopic Study of the Cygnus Loop with LAMOST. I. Optical Properties of Emission Lines and the Global Spectrum
Creators: name: Seok, Ji Yeon
name: Koo, Bon-Chul
name: Zhao, Gang
name: Raymond, John C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an unbiased spectroscopic study of the Galactic supernova remnant (SNR) Cygnus Loop using the Large Sky Area Multi-object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) DR5. LAMOST features both a large field of view and a large aperture, which allow us to simultaneously obtain 4000 spectra at $\sim$3700-9000 Åwith R$\approx$1800. The Cygnus Loop is a prototype of middle-aged SNRs, which has the advantages of being bright, large in angular size, and relatively unobscured by dust. Along the line of sight to the Cygnus Loop, 2747 LAMOST DR5 spectra are found in total, which are spatially distributed over the entire remnant. This spectral sample is free of the selection bias of most previous studies, which often focus on bright filaments or regions bright in [O III]. Visual inspection verifies that 368 spectra (13$\%$ of the total) show clear spectral features to confirm their association with the remnant. In addition, 176 spectra with line emission show ambiguity of their origin but have a possible association to the SNR. In particular, the 154 spectra dominated by the SNR emission are further analyzed by identifying emission lines and measuring their intensities. We examine distributions of physical properties such as electron density and temperature, which vary significantly inside the remnant, using theoretical models. By combining a large number of the LAMOST spectra, a global spectrum representing the Cygnus Loop is constructed, which presents characteristics of radiative shocks. Finally, we discuss the effect of the unbiased spectral sample on the global spectrum and its implication to understand a spatially unresolved SNR in a distant galaxy.
description: 22 pages, 11 figures, published in ApJ, figure set available online-only
Phonon Thermodynamics versus Electron-Phonon Models
Creators: name: Zoli, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Applying the path integral formalism we study the equilibrium thermodynamics of the phonon field both in the Holstein and in the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger models. The anharmonic cumulant series, dependent on the peculiar source currents of the {\it e-ph} models, have been computed versus temperature in the case of a low energy oscillator. The cutoff in the series expansion has been determined, in the low $T$ limit, using the constraint of the third law of thermodynamics. In the Holstein model, the free energy derivatives do not show any contribution ascribable to {\it e-ph} anharmonic effect. We find signatures of large {\it e-ph} anharmonicities in the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model mainly visible in the temperature dependent peak displayed by the phonon heat capacity.
Strong connections and the relative Chern-Galois character for corings
Creators: name: Böhm, Gabriella
name: Brzezinski, Tomasz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16W30

description: The Chern-Galois theory is developed for corings or coalgebras over non-commutative rings. As the first step the notion of an entwined extension as an extension of algebras within a bijective entwining structure over a non-commutative ring is introduced. A strong connection for an entwined extension is defined and it is shown to be closely related to the Galois property and to the equivariant projectivity of the extension. A generalisation of the Doi theorem on total integrals in the framework of entwining structures over a non-commutative ring is obtained, and the bearing of strong connections on properties such as faithful flatness or relative injectivity is revealed. A family of morphisms between the K0-group of the category of finitely generated projective comodules of a coring and even relative cyclic homology groups of the base algebra of an entwined extension with a strong connection is constructed. This is termed a relative Chern-Galois character. Explicit examples include the computation of a Chern-Galois character of depth 2 Frobenius split (or separable) extensions over a separable algebra R. Finitely generated and projective modules are associated to an entwined extension with a strong connection, the explicit form of idempotents is derived, the corresponding (relative) Chern characters are computed, and their connection with the relative Chern-Galois character is explained.
description: 34 pages, LaTeX. v3: Minor corrections in Examples 2.5 and 3.11
Beware the Black-Box: on the Robustness of Recent Defenses to Adversarial Examples
Creators: name: Mahmood, Kaleel
name: Gurevin, Deniz
name: van Dijk, Marten
name: Nguyen, Phuong Ha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many defenses have recently been proposed at venues like NIPS, ICML, ICLR and CVPR. These defenses are mainly focused on mitigating white-box attacks. They do not properly examine black-box attacks. In this paper, we expand upon the analysis of these defenses to include adaptive black-box adversaries. Our evaluation is done on nine defenses including Barrage of Random Transforms, ComDefend, Ensemble Diversity, Feature Distillation, The Odds are Odd, Error Correcting Codes, Distribution Classifier Defense, K-Winner Take All and Buffer Zones. Our investigation is done using two black-box adversarial models and six widely studied adversarial attacks for CIFAR-10 and Fashion-MNIST datasets. Our analyses show most recent defenses (7 out of 9) provide only marginal improvements in security ($<25\%$), as compared to undefended networks. For every defense, we also show the relationship between the amount of data the adversary has at their disposal, and the effectiveness of adaptive black-box attacks. Overall, our results paint a clear picture: defenses need both thorough white-box and black-box analyses to be considered secure. We provide this large scale study and analyses to motivate the field to move towards the development of more robust black-box defenses.
PASS-THROUGH ANALYSIS OF COTTON PRICES
Creators: name: Devine, Jon
name: Plastina, Alejandro S.
name: Devine, Jon
name: Plastina, Alejandro S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Production Economics

description: A common question when analyzing supply chains is how much a change in input costs at one stage in the supply chain affect prices downstream. To address this question, research has been conducted that examines the extent that changes in prices are “passed-through.” Much of the pass-through research that has been conducted has been focused on changes in prices at the beginning of supply chains - at the commodity-level. To date, however, there is no known research analyzing the effect of changes of cotton fiber prices on cotton textile goods, neither at different stages in the cotton supply chain, nor at the retail level. While pass-through analysis of the cotton supply chain presents certain challenges in terms of data collection, it also presents great opportunity in terms of understanding the many relationships involved in the manufacture of cotton apparel. The purpose of this paper is to develop a greater understanding of price relationships throughout the cotton supply chain and to inform interested parties about the extent that changes in cotton prices influence changes in yarn, fabric, and apparel prices. Findings suggest that the sharp increases in cotton fiber prices in the 2010/11 have resulted in increases in yarn and fabric prices, but have yet to influence prices for assembled garments or retail prices for cotton apparel.
Limits to phase resolution in matter wave interferometry
Creators: name: Jääskeläinen, M.
name: Zhang, W.
name: Meystre, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the quantum dynamics of a two-mode Bose-Einstein condensate in a time-dependent symmetric double-well potential using analytical and numerical methods. The effects of internal degrees of freedom on the visibility of interference fringes during a stage of ballistic expansion are investigated varying particle number, nonlinear interaction sign and strength as well as tunneling coupling. Expressions for the phase resolution are derived and the possible enhancement due to squeezing is discussed. In particular, the role of the superfluid - Mott insulator cross-over and its analog for attractive interactions is recognized.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures
Additional file 8 of Can linear transportation infrastructure verges constitute a habitat and/or a corridor for vertebrates in temperate ecosystems? A systematic review
Creators: name: Ouédraogo, Dakis-Yaoba
name: Villemey, Anne
name: Vanpeene, Sylvie
name: Coulon, Aurélie
name: Azambourg, Vital
name: Hulard, Marine
name: Guinard, Eric
name: Bertheau, Yves
name: Lachapelle, Frédérique Flamerie De
name: Rauel, Vanessa
name: Mitouard, Eric Le
name: Arzhvaël Jeusset
name: Vargac, Marianne
name: Witté, Isabelle
name: Jactel, Hervé
name: Touroult, Julien
name: Reyjol, Yorick
name: Sordello, Romain
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 8. Narrative tables. Tables summarizing key results of the studies included in the narrative syntheses.
Nonexistence of two-dimensional sessile drops in the diffuse-interface model
Creators: name: Benilov, E. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The diffuse-interface model (DIM) is a widely used tool for modeling fluid phenomena involving interfaces -- such as, for example, sessile drops (liquid drops on a solid substrate, surrounded by saturated vapor) and liquid ridges (two-dimensional sessile drops). In this work, it is proved that, surprisingly, the DIM does not admit solutions describing static liquid ridges. If, however, the vapor-to-liquid density ratio is small -- as, for example, for water at room temperature -- the ridges can still be observed as quasi-static states, as their evolution is too slow to be distinguishable from evaporation. Interestingly, the nonexistence theorem cannot be extended to axisymmetric sessile drops and ridges near a vertical wall, which are not ruled out.
Additional file 10 of The initial engraftment of tumor cells is critical for the future growth pattern: a mathematical study based on simulations and animal experiments
Creators: name: Hoffmann, Bertin
name: Lange, Tobias
name: Labitzky, Vera
name: Riecken, Kristoffer
name: Wree, Andreas
name: Schumacher, Udo
name: Wedemann, Gero
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 10: Figure S5. Box-plots of parameter estimation results based on different initial volume conditions (true initial tumor volume = 0.1 mm3). The initial volume V0 was fixed (x-axis) during the fitting procedure. Results are based on 20 synthetic data samples with different measuring frequencies (1, 2, 3 and 4 days between each time point).
Does Duality Theory Hold in Practice? A Monte Carlo Analysis for U.S. Agriculture
Creators: name: Rosas, Francisco
name: Lence, Sergio H.
name: Rosas, Francisco
name: Lence, Sergio H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Production Economics
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: duality theory
subject: firm’s heterogeneity
subject: measurement error
subject: data aggregation
subject: omitted variables
subject: endogeneity
subject: uncertainty
subject: Monte Carlo simulations.

description: The Neoclassical theory of production establishes a dual relationship between the profit value function of a competitive firm and its underlying production technology. This relationship, usually referred to as the duality theory, has been widely used in empirical work to estimate production parameters without the requirement of explicitly specifying the technology. We analyze the ability of this approach to recover the underlying production parameters and its effects on estimated elasticities and scale economies measurements, when data available for estimation features typical realistic problems. We design alternative scenarios and compute the data generating process by Monte Carlo simulations, so as to know the true technology parameters as well as to calibrate the dataset to yield realistic magnitudes of noise. This noise introduced in the estimation by construction prevents duality theory from holding exactly. Hence, the true production parameters may not be recovered with enough precision, and the estimated elasticities or scale economies measurements may be more inaccurate than expected. We compare the estimated production parameters with the true (and known) parameters by means of the identities between the Hessians of the production and profit functions.
Verifying Accountability for Unbounded Sets of Participants
Creators: name: Morio, Kevin
name: Künnemann, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Little can be achieved in the design of security protocols without trusting at least some participants. This trust should be justified or, at the very least, subject to examination. One way to strengthen trustworthiness is to hold parties accountable for their actions, as this provides a strong incentive to refrain from malicious behavior. This has led to an increased interest in accountability in the design of security protocols. In this work, we combine the accountability definition of Künnemann, Esiyok, and Backes, with the notion of case tests to extend its applicability to protocols with unbounded sets of participants. We propose a general construction of verdict functions and a set of verification conditions that achieve soundness and completeness. Expressing the verification conditions in terms of trace properties allows us to extend Tamarin -- a protocol verification tool -- with the ability to analyze and verify accountability properties in a highly automated way. In contrast to prior work, our approach is significantly more flexible and applicable to a wider range of protocols.
description: 22 pages, Full version of the corresponding CSF 2021 paper
A Nonlinear Offset Program to Reduce Nitrous Oxide Emissions Induced by Excessive Nitrogen Application
Creators: name: Rosas, Francisco
name: Babcock, Bruce A.
name: Hayes, Dermot J.
name: Rosas, Francisco
name: Babcock, Bruce A.
name: Hayes, Dermot J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Production Economics
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: carbon offsets
subject: nitrogen fertilizer
subject: nitrous oxide
subject: pollution
subject: uncertainty

description: On average, U.S. farmers choose to apply nitrogen fertilizer at a rate that exceeds the ex post agronomically optimal rate. The technology underlying the yield response to nitrogen rewards producers who over apply in years when rainfall is excessive. The overapplication of nutrients has negative environmental consequences because the nitrogen that is not taken up by the plant will typically volatilize causing N2O emissions, or leach causing water pollution. We present a nonlinear offset program that induces farmers to reduce their nitrogen applications to the level that will be consumed by the plant in a typical year and, as a result, reduce N2O emissions from agriculture. The offset program is nonlinear because of the nonlinear relationship between N2O and nitrogen application rates. We assume that the farmer solves an expected utility maximization problem, choosing the optimal nitrogen application rate. The key contribution is a set of simulations that shows that modest offset payments will induce participation in the program and will have a significant impact on both expected and actual N2O emissions without having a significant impact on actual or expected yields. We also find that more risk-averse farmers will reduce emissions by a greater amount than less risk-averse farmers. Finally, we show the distribution of emission reductions induced by this nonlinear offset scheme.
Impacto de la cultura organizacional en la innovación y competitividad empresarial
Creators: name: Ortiz, Francisco
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 350599
subject: Human resources and industrial relations not elsewhere classified

description: El artículo "Impacto de la cultura organizacional en la innovación y competitividad empresarial“ explora cómo la cultura organizacional influye directamente en la capacidad de una empresa para innovar y mantener una ventaja competitiva en el mercado. Se argumenta que una cultura sólida, que promueve valores como la colaboración, la flexibilidad y la apertura al cambio, puede facilitar la innovación y mejorar la capacidad de la empresa para adaptarse a un entorno competitivo.Además, se analiza cómo la cultura organizacional impacta la motivación de los empleados, fomentando la creatividad y la toma de riesgos calculados, lo que resulta en el desarrollo de nuevos productos y servicios.El estudio destaca que las empresas con culturas orientadas a la innovación son más propensas a crear entornos que favorecen la cooperación y el aprendizaje continuo, lo cual les permite mantenerse competitivas a largo plazo. A través de casos de estudio y ejemplos prácticos, se concluye que la alineación entre la cultura organizacional y las estrategias de innovación es crucial para el éxito empresarial.
Scale-invariant statistics of period in directed earthquake network
Creators: name: Abe, Sumiyoshi
name: Suzuki, Norikazu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new law regarding structure of the earthquake networks is found. The seismic data taken in California is mapped to a growing directed network. Then, statistics of period in the network, which implies that after how many earthquakes an earthquake returns to the initial location, is studied. It is found that the period distribution obeys a power law, showing the fundamental difficulty of statistical estimate of period.
description: 11 pages including 3 figures
EMBRACING EFFECTIVE LANGUAGE TEACHING: INSIGHTS FROM INNOVATIVE TEACHING STRATEGIES FOR PRIMARY ENGLISH LEARNERS
Creators: name: Raximova, Feruzakhon
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This article examines the efficacy of innovative teaching strategies designed for primary school English educators. By integrating various linguistic and pedagogical elements, these strategies aim to align English language instruction with rigorous TESOL standards, focusing on the unique needs of children aged 9 to 12.
Coercive entrepreneurs and state capacity : Colombian state weakness (1750-2004)
Creators: name: Larose, Peter J. D.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Since 1982 Colombia has undertaken one of the most ambitious agendas of institutional reform in the Americas, yet these reforms have had little effect upon limiting the expansion of violence throughout the country. This research argues that these formal political reforms have been ineffective because the state has been unable to monopolize the use of force and promote the rule of law throughout the country. Using the state-formation model of Charles Tilly, it describes how the coercive capacity of the Colombian state has always been historically weak, due to the continuous manner in which entrepreneurs have privately financed coercive organizations that challenge the state's hegemony over the use of force. This expansion and diffusion of coercive means has resulted in the inability of any single organization to monopolize the legitimate means of coercion and establish the rule of law, which are the necessary preconditions for democratic reforms to be meaningfully implemented. Accordingly, the research examines the evolving relationship between the state security apparatus and other major coercive centres, including the political parties, private counter-insurgency groups, narcotics militias, and peasant-based guerrilla organizations. It demonstrates how all aspirants to state power are constrained by the same requirements of extracting capital from subject populations, developing coercive capabilities, and mobilizing citizens to fight for their cause. From such a vantage, the continued weakness of the Colombian state is placed within a historical and comparative context that helps illuminate why it has been unable to end its persistent internal conflict.
Enhancing Graph Neural Network-based Fraud Detectors against Camouflaged Fraudsters
Creators: name: Dou, Yingtong
name: Liu, Zhiwei
name: Sun, Li
name: Deng, Yutong
name: Peng, Hao
name: Yu, Philip S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been widely applied to fraud detection problems in recent years, revealing the suspiciousness of nodes by aggregating their neighborhood information via different relations. However, few prior works have noticed the camouflage behavior of fraudsters, which could hamper the performance of GNN-based fraud detectors during the aggregation process. In this paper, we introduce two types of camouflages based on recent empirical studies, i.e., the feature camouflage and the relation camouflage. Existing GNNs have not addressed these two camouflages, which results in their poor performance in fraud detection problems. Alternatively, we propose a new model named CAmouflage-REsistant GNN (CARE-GNN), to enhance the GNN aggregation process with three unique modules against camouflages. Concretely, we first devise a label-aware similarity measure to find informative neighboring nodes. Then, we leverage reinforcement learning (RL) to find the optimal amounts of neighbors to be selected. Finally, the selected neighbors across different relations are aggregated together. Comprehensive experiments on two real-world fraud datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the RL algorithm. The proposed CARE-GNN also outperforms state-of-the-art GNNs and GNN-based fraud detectors. We integrate all GNN-based fraud detectors as an opensource toolbox: https://github.com/safe-graph/DGFraud. The CARE-GNN code and datasets are available at https://github.com/YingtongDou/CARE-GNN.
description: Accepted by CIKM 2020