cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Peasant Response to State Grain Policy in Revolutionary Nicaragua
Creators: name: Zalkin, Michael
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2024

description: Abstract
 This paper evaluates the peasant response to grain policy in Nicaragua during the revolutionary period. The author presents an overview of the stages and effects of the 1979-1986 agrarian reform. He argues that a treatment of the peasantry as homogeneous is inadequate, and proceeds to differentiate the peasantry into categories based on participation of agricultural producers in one or more class processes. This framework and empirical evidence show that these categories were characterized at times by markedly different grain production and marketing strategies, which were affected in distinct ways by the policies of the revolutionary state. The class-based analysis allows for policy implications that other frameworks might not capture; in particular, a view of the sectors within the peasantry in which grain self-sufficiency might be reached.
 Resumen
 Este trabajo evalua la respuesta campesina a la política estatal de granos básicos en Nicaragua. Se presenta un Resumen de las etapas y los resultados de la reforma agraria en el período 1979-1986, pero una visión tan general no es suficiente para abarcar la problemática de los granos. Para diferenciar al campesinado, se crean categorías que se basan en la participación de los productores agrícolas en uno o mas de los procesos de clase. Este marco y los resultados de una investigación empírica muestran que las categorías fueron caracterizadas por estrategias de producción y comercialización de granos a veces muy distintas, y que fueron afectadas de manera diferente por las políticas del estado revolucionario. El análisis, basado en el concepto de clase, permite que se llegue a conclusiones para las políticas públicas, conclusiones a que otros marcos teóricos no llegarían. En particular, se desarrolla unas ideas acerca de cuales serían los sectores dentro del campesinado que más podrían contribuir a la autosuficiencia en los granos.
Castnia subcoerulea
Creators: name: González, Jorge M.
name: Thöny, Hubert
name: Worthy, Robert
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Castniidae
Castnia
Castnia subcoerulea

description: subcoerulea (Rothschild, 1919)
“ Castnia (Schaefferia) subcoerulea, sp. nov. ” Rothschild, 1919: Novitates zoologicae 26 (1): 18. (Figs. 2G, H).
Type material: Described from a single female which is the holotype by monotypy (Figs. 2G, H). This holotype was in the collection of Lionel Walter Rothschild (1868–1937), it is now in NHMUK.
Type locality: Rothschild (1919) only gave the type locality as Ecuador, and this is all that is mentioned on the label data of the specimen. This cannot now be further restricted.
Taxonomic status: A junior subjective synonym of M. pyrrhopygoides (Houlbert, 1917). Originally described as a species in the genus Castnia (Schaefferia), it was synonymised with M. pyrrhopygoides by Miller (1980).
Male genitalia: Not relevant.
Distribution: Not relevant.
Discussion: Houlbert (1917) described M. pyrrhopygoides from three males; Rothschild’s subcoerulea was the first description of the female, which is quite different from the male and was not at the time recognised as being the same species; this problem was exacerbated by the fact that the male and female were placed in different genera by their authors. Miller (1980) was the first to recognise their conspecificity.
Material examined: For this study we have examined the holotype. ♀ HT subcoerulea 1919 R[othschild], Ecuad[or], 339., Joicey Bequest. Brit. Mus., NHMUK010305386, vial NHMUK010402734.
description: Published as part of González, Jorge M., Thöny, Hubert & Worthy, Robert, 2024, A review of the genus Mirocastnia J. Y. Miller, 1980 (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) with records of recently collected specimens, pp. 240-254 in Zootaxa 5418 (3) on page 252, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5418.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/10726400
O Movimento Ecológico no Brasil (1974-1986): Do Ambientalismo à Ecopolítica
Creators: name: Viola, Eduardo
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2024

description: Abstract
 This paper discusses the emergence and evolution of the ecology movement in Brazil from 1974 to 1986. The author argues that over time, a movement that was initially mainly limited to environmental issues came to address larger questions of models of development and politics. The paper begins with an overview of the world ecological crisis and the emergence of the ecology movement. It then discusses the particular ecological problematic in the Brazilian situation, before addressing at length the development of the ecology movement in Brazil since 1974. The author concludes with an analysis of diverging tendencies and viewpoints within the movement.
 Resumen
 Este trabalho sobre o movimento ecológico no Brasil divide-se em cinco partes. Na primeira parte, "Crise Ecológica e Ecologismo: uma Introdução," descrevem-se as características gerais da crise ecológica e da emergência do movimento ecológico, no nível mundial. Na segunda parte, "A crise ecológica no Brasil," introduz-se a problemática da degradação ambiental no período recente, tecendo-se considerações sobre as relações entre o Estado, as classes sociais e as ideologias políticas. Na terceira parte, "O Movimento Ecológico na fase ambientalista (1974-1981)," analisa-se a emergência do movimento ecológico brasileiro em seus dois componentes fundamentais: os movimentos de denúncia da degradação ambiental nas cidades e as comunidades alternativas rurais. Na quarta parte, "O Ecologismo em Transição (1982-1985)," analisa-se o processo de politização progressiva do movimento ecológico no contexto da transição democrática. Na quinta parte, "A Opção Ecopolítica em 1986," analisa-se a presente conjuntura (julho de 1986) do movimento ecológico no Brasil, em particular as relações entre suas diversas tendências: ecologistas fundamentalistas, ecologistas realistas, ecosocialistas e ecocapitalistas.
Additional file 1 of Dietary habits as associated factors with irritable bowel syndrome among medical students: evidence from a cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Mahyoub, Mueataz A.
name: Abbas, Osama
name: Elhoumed, Mohamed
name: Ghabisha, Saif
name: Refat, Moath
name: Abbas, Mustafa
name: Al-Qurmoti, Sarah
name: Li, Yarui
name: Ren, Mudan
name: He, Shuixiang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Supplementary Material 1
Upscaling the macroeconomic modeling for climate adaptation
Creators: name: Silva de Oliveira, Raquel
name: Aulia, Fisca
name: Sampaio Ataliba, Lucas
name: Ibarra Serrano, Nidia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Digitalisation
Digitalization
Climate Change Adaptation
CRED
Climate Resilient Economic Development

description: This Change Maker project is part of the Managing Global Governance Academy. The  main idea is to make the Academy’s participants apply the acquired knowledge and learnings in design-thinking methodology to develop an innovative solution for a real world challenge that is given to the team by an external actor. 

The challenge accepted by the team was proposed by Sebastiam Homm and Naima  Abdulle, from the GIZ project Climate Resilient Economic Development (CRED) -Policy Advice for Climate Resilient Economic Development | Internationale Klimaschutzinitiative (IKI) (international-climate-initiative.com) -, and it was:“How can we as a GIZ project upscale our approach on climate sensitive  macroeconomic modeling and enable emerging and developing countries to expand their own competencies required for comprehensive and transformative adaptation action?”
description: H2020 MSCA-RISE, GA873119. PRODIGEES
The Traditional Political Elite and the Transition to Democracy in Brazil
Creators: name: Hagopian, Frances
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2024

description: Abstract
 This paper examines the participation of traditional political elites in the transition to democracy in Brazil through an in-depth study of the political elite of the state of Minas Gerais. The first part of the analysis focuses on the political negotiations, crucial for the construction of the civilian regime, which allowed the traditional elite to recapture the political bases of its dominance: control of state office and political parties through which the elite organized channels of state clientelism. The second part of the paper discusses how the participation of this group in the governing coalition may undermine efforts to achieve democratic politics in Brazil. It concludes that open political competition among representative political parties holds the best prospects for consolidating democratic gains.
 Resumo
 Este trabalho examina o papel das elites políticas tradicionais, sobretudo da elite política do estado de Minas Gerais, na transição democrática no Brasil. A primeira parte do estudo aponta as transações políticas que, enquanto críticas para a consolidação de uma regime civil, entregaram à elite tradicional os instrumentos principais da dominação política tradicional: o comando do aparato estatal e dos partidos políticos pelo qual o clientelismo estatal é canalizado. A segunda parte da análise chama atenção à maneira em que a participação deste grupo na coalização governante pode prejudicar os esfôrcos para construir uma democracia no Brasil. Conclui que a competição política aberta entre partidos políticos representativos oferece a melhor chance para a consolidação da democracia.
The Structure and Performance of International Banking during the 1970s and Its Impact on the Crisis of Latin America
Creators: name: Devlin, Robert
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2024

description: Abstract
 This paper examines the behavior of international private banks and their role as an endogenous source of crisis in Latin America during the 1970s. The analysis first summarizes an interpretation of private banking at the international level that was quite fashionable in the '70s. This interpretation rests on the tradition of portfolio theory, and projects banks as efficient, risk conscious, arm's length lenders, in an atomistic market which maximizes a risk-return calculus. In these circumstances borrowers face conventional upward sloping supply curves and encounter the much touted "discipline of the marketplace." This conventional view is then contrasted with an alternative institutional focus: the bank as a transnational firm in an oligopolistic market, which is destablized by new entrants. Coupled with an examination of how banks institutionally translate risk assessment into credit volume and price, this allows us to illustrate how permissiveness rather than discipline could be the expected outcome of the banking expansion of the 1970s. It also provides insight into the supply-side dynamics underlying overindebtedness, and thereby begins to lay a technical foundation supporting the Latin American assertion of coresponsibility in the crisis.
 Resumen
 Este ensaya analiza el comportamiento de los bancos privados internacionales y su rol como fuente endógena de crisis en Latinoamérica durante los setenta. El análisis resume una interpretación de los bancos privados a nivel internacional que estuvo muy de moda en los setenta, basada en la teoría de portafolio, que percibe los bancos como eficientes, conscientes de riesgos, prestamistas a distancia en un mercado atomístico, el cual acrecenta al máximo el cálculo de riesgo-ganancia. En estas circunstancias los prestatarios confrontan curvas ascendentes convencionales de la oferta y encuentran la renombrada "disciplina del mercado." La perspectiva convencional es entonces contrastada con un enfoque institucional alternativo: el banco como empresa transnacional en un mercado oligopólico, el cual se desestabiliza por nuevos postulantes. Junto con un análisis de cómo los bancos institucionalmente traducen la determinación del riesgo en un volúmen de crédito y precio, esto nos permite ilustrar cómo la tolerancia y no la disciplina era el resultado a esperarse de la expansión bancaria de los setenta. Ilumina también la dinámica de la oferta que subyace al sobreendeudamiento, y empieza a establecer un fundamento técnico para apoyar la aserción latinoamericana de una responsabilidad compartida para la crisis.
Additional file 1 of Effectiveness of mass trapping interventions using autocidal gravid ovitraps (AGO) for the control of the dengue vector, Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti, in Northern Mexico
Creators: name: Aguilar-Durán, Jesús Alejandro
name: Hamer, Gabriel L.
name: Reyes-Villanueva, Filiberto
name: Fernández-Santos, Nadia Angélica
name: Uriegas-Camargo, Sergio
name: Rodríguez-Martínez, Luis Mario
name: Estrada-Franco, José Guillermo
name: Rodríguez-Pérez, Mario Alberto
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Student’s t-test multiple comparisons of least squares means among the four treatments evaluated in the average number of female Aedes aegypti caught in SAGOs.
Macro Policy in a Dollarized Economy: The Experience of Bolivia
Creators: name: Jameson, Kenneth
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2024

description: Abstract
 Currency substitution, or dollarization, has become a concern of macroeconomic policy in Latin America because of its impact on exchange rates and on the money supply. This paper reviews the experience of Bolivia and concludes that efforts to limit financial liberalization and currency substitution in a country with a weak state apparatus are likely to be destabilizing. The author examines the process of dollarization in Bolivia, details the effort to dedollarize the economy in 1982, and then traces the effects of the program on the development of informal exchange markets, on the banking system, and on the foreign exchange market.
 Resumen
 La sustitución de la moneda, o dolarización, ha sido una preocupación de la política macroeconómica en Latinoamérica debido a su impacto en las tasas de cambio y en la oferta monetaria. Este ensayo reflexiona sobre la experiencia de Bolivia y concluye que el esfuerzo para limitar la liberalización financiera y la sustitución de la moneda en un país con un aparato estatal débil, es probable que sea desestabilizador. El autor analiza el proceso de dolarización en Bolivia, detalla los esfuerzos para desdolarizar la economía en 1982 y traza los efectos de este esfuerzo sobre los mercados informales de cambio, el sistema bancario y el mercado de divisas.
Additional file 5 of Barriers to and enablers of the use of the Otology Questionnaire Amsterdam in clinical practice—a qualitative post-implementation study
Creators: name: Kraak, J.T.
name: Verhoef, K.
name: Kramer, S.E.
name: Merkus, P.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Neuroscience
Biotechnology
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Information Systems not elsewhere classified
Cancer
Science Policy
Hematology
Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Material 5
The Political Economy of Latin American Development: Seven Exercises in Retrospection
Creators: name: Hirschman, Albert
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2024

description: Abstract
 This paper is a collaborative publication with The Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, University of California, San Diego (Working Paper No. CE-03). The author wishes to express his gratitude to the Ford Foundation for the travel grant that supported his field interviewing in Latin America in April-May, 1986, and especially to the Foundation's representatives in Rio de Janeiro and Mexico for their helpfulness. He is also indebted to his Latin American friends and interlocutors for their readiness to share information and ideas.
 The Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies at the University of California, San Diego, and the Helen Kellogg Institute for International Studies at the University of Notre Dame are extremely pleased to be making this working paper by Albert O. Hirschman available to the international scholarly and policy-making community.
 This paper resulted from the most recent award of the Kalman Silvert Presidents' Prize, which is presented every 18 months by the Latin American Studies Association to a senior member of the profession who has made a distinguished lifetime contribution to the study of Latin America and to the advancement of the Latin American Studies profession generally. Albert Hirschman, Professor of Social Science, Emeritus, at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, was selected to receive the 1986 Silvert Award by a committee consisting of past LASA Presidents Wayne Cornelius (Chair), Helen Safa, and Peter Smith, and the current editor of the Latin American Research Review, Gilbert Merkx.
 In its original form, this paper was requested by the Silvert Award committee for presentation at the 20th Anniversary International Congress of the Latin American Studies Association in Boston, Massachusetts, October 24, 1986. Professor Hirschman's analysis draws upon interviews which he conducted during a two-month field research trip to Brazil, Argentina, Chile, and Mexico in April-May, 1986, supported by a travel grant from the Ford Foundation.
 The issues addressed in this paper are timely and controversial. Professor Hirschman's analysis is characteristically fresh and provocative, and merits wide attention as a corrective to much of what passes as the conventional wisdom on Latin America's current economic crisis.
Brachyopa quadrimaculosa Thompson
Creators: name: Pérez-Bañón, Celeste
name: Radenković, Snezana
name: Vujić, Ante
name: Ståhls, Gunilla
name: Rojo, Santos
name: Grković, Ana
name: Petanidou, Theodora
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Syrphidae
Brachyopa
Brachyopa quadrimaculosa

description: Brachyopa quadrimaculosa Thompson in Kaplan & Thompson
Material studied. Greece, Lesvos, Agiassos, Sanatorio, 0 1.05.2008, 1 male, leg. Vujić; Greece, Samos, Manolates (on Smyrnium sp.), 17.04.2011, 12 males (G0302, G0303 (DNA voucher specimen FSUNS –Y1447_J–001), G0305, G0307–G0309, G0311–G0313, G0315, G0316), 2 females (G0304 = DNA voucher specimen FSUNS – Y1448_J–002, G0314), leg. Vujić and Radenković; Samos, Pyrgos, 15.04.2011, 1 male (G0317), leg. Vujić and Radenković; (all in FSUNS).
Comments. The species was originally described from Israel (Kaplan & Thompson 1981) and first recorded for Europe by Speight (2013), who cites it from Evros province in North Eastern Greece (M. De Courcy, pers. comm.). Later, van Steenis & van Steenis (2014) published a record of a taxon related to B. quadrimaculosa from Samos Island based on one female. They indicated that this taxon differs morphologically from B. vernalis van Steenis & van Steenis and B. quadrimaculosa. After studying a paratype of B. quadrimaculosa (male, Israel, Mongort, 4 March 1976, leg. A. Friedberg & M. Kaplan, coll. TAU), it can be confirmed that this specimen does not belong to an undescribed species but is conspecific with B. quadrimaculosa. The diagnostic characters of this species are presented in the key (see below).
description: Published as part of Pérez-Bañón, Celeste, Radenković, Snezana, Vujić, Ante, Ståhls, Gunilla, Rojo, Santos, Grković, Ana & Petanidou, Theodora, 2016, Brachyopa minima (Diptera: Syrphidae), a new species from Greece with notes on the biodiversity and conservation of the genus Brachyopa Meigen in the Northern Aegean Islands, pp. 217-234 in Zootaxa 4072 (2) on page 222, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4072.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/270665
Additional file 1 of A structured biomimetic nanoparticle as inflammatory factor sponge and autophagy-regulatory agent against intervertebral disc degeneration and discogenic pain
Creators: name: Li, Kanglu
name: Yang, Wenbo
name: Chen, Xuanzuo
name: Yu, Yihan
name: Liu, Yiran
name: Ni, Feifei
name: Xiao, Yan
name: Qing, Xiangcheng
name: Liu, Sheng
name: He, YuXin
name: Wang, Baichuan
name: Xu, Li
name: Shao, Zengwu
name: Zhao, Lei
name: Peng, Yizhong
name: Lin, Hui
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Supplementary Material 1
title: Die Transposition internationaler Werbekampagnen auf den Kulturraum SpanienVerf. Nina Schauerhofer
Creators: name: Schauerhofer, Nina
Year: 2011

description: In Zeiten zunehmender globaler Vernetzung und interkultureller Begegnungen liegt die Vermutung nahe, dass es durch Internationalisierung und Annäherung von Wirtschaften sowie Gesellschaften auch zu einer Angleichung der Konsumentenbedürfnisse kommt, so dass länderübergreifende Werbung international agierender Unternehmen als Spiegelbild dieser entstehenden Weltgesellschaft keine Unterschiede mehr aufweist. Das Erkenntnisinteresse dieser Arbeit konzentrierte sich auf die Beantwortung der Frage, ob sich die Werbekonzeption weltweit agierender Markenartikelhersteller für ein und dasselbe Produkt dennoch von Land zu Land unterscheidet, und wenn ja, inwiefern kulturelle Unterschiede eine Rolle bei der differenzierten Adaption auf einen bestimmten Markt spielen. Das Diplomarbeitskonzept umfasst einen theoretischen und einen praktischen Teil. Im theoretischen Teil wurden zunächst die zum Verständnis und zur Analyse von Werbung erforderliche Literatur betreffend der Grundlagen von Werbung und internationaler bzw. interkultureller Werbung erörtert. Im praktischen Teil wurde zur Beantwortung der Forschungsfrage eine Analyse von TV-Werbung des international tätigen Kosmetikartikelherstellers Beiersdorf in Spanien und dem deutschsprachigen Raum (Ö/D) vorgenommen. Gegenübergestellt wurden die TV-Spots für die Produkte NIVEA Visage Q10 und NIVEA Q10 Body Lotion. Die Untersuchung hat ergeben, dass in diesen Fällen für den Kulturraum Spanien die extremste Form der länderspezifischen Adaption vorgenommen wurde: die vollständige Veränderung des Werbemittels. Es hat sich herausgestellt, dass besonders im Bereich der TV-Werbung die Kultur der entscheidende Faktor für die Wahrnehmung und Wirkung von Werbung ist. Wie aus der Analyse hervorgeht, stellen sich die Charakteristika der behandelten Kulturen und deren Werbestile als derart unterschiedlich dar, dass für den Kulturraum Spanien eine vollständige Transformierung der Werbespots vorgenommen werden musste.
Amynthas carnosus subsp. carnosus
Creators: name: Blakemore, Robert J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Clitellata
Crassiclitellata
Megascolecidae
Amynthas
Amynthas carnosus
Amynthas carnosus carnosus (goto & hatai, 1899)

description: Amynthas carnosus carnosus (Goto & Hatai, 1899)
(Figs. 2-3)
 Delailed by Kobayashi (1936), Ohfuchi (1937) and Blakemore (2012a; 2013a; 2013b) (cf A. pingi described below). DNA data (Fig. 1) indicates a new sub-species as next described.
description: Published as part of Blakemore, Robert J., 2013, Megascolex (Perichaeta) diffringens Baird, 1869 and Pheretima pingi Stephenson, 1925 types compared to the Amynthas corticis (Kinberg, 1867) and A. carnosus (Goto & Hatai, 1899) species-groups (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea: Megascolecidae), pp. 99-126 in Journal of Species Research 2 (2) on page 101, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.2.099, http://zenodo.org/record/13144615
Das Urteil des Paris. Eine ikonologische Untersuchung des Paris-Mythos in den Niederlanden des 17. Jahrhunderts
Creators: name: Kopp, Laura
Publisher: name: KIT Scientific Publishing
Year: 2017
Subjects: Mythologie
Parisurteil
Ikonografie
Niederlande
17.
Jahrhundert

description: Nachdem Paris als Richter erwachte, findet die Geschichte Eingang in verschiedene literarische Gattungen. Die Abhandlungen enthalten für den Leser eine erbauliche Lektion. Die Sinnlichkeit dient demnach als Bestandteil des Konzepts der Belehrung. Die Künstler haben jedoch ihre eigenen Mittel gefunden, den Betrachter auf weitere Bedeutungsschichten aufmerksam zu machen. Gleichzeitig ist die didaktische Funktion der Gemälde einzuschränken, trug doch die Erotik wesentlich zur Beliebtheit bei.
Additional file 2 of Organizational characteristics of highly specialized units for people with dementia and severe challenging behavior
Creators: name: van Voorden, Gerrie
name: Koopmans, Raymond T. C. M.
name: Strik-Lips, Mijke M.
name: Smalbrugge, Martin
name: Zuidema, Sytse U.
name: van den Brink, Anne M. A.
name: Persoon, Anke
name: Oude Voshaar, Richard C.
name: Gerritsen, Debby L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Cardiology

description: Supplementary Material 2.
Issues and Perspectives in Tanzanian Industrial Development-With Special Reference to the Role of SADCC
Creators: name: Kim, Kwan
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2024

description: Abstract
 This paper is concerned with the evaluation of Tanzania's industrialization strategies since 1967. After a brief review of the origins and evolution of past industrial strategies, it explores their implications for the emerging patterns of industrial development, examining in particular the structural characteristics and the nature of contradictions of Tanzanian industries. The focus of the paper is to trace causes for the industry's inadequate performance and to critically reevaluate past and current industrial policies, at the same time suggesting future options for Tanzania. In this context, the paper identifies the areas of potential contribution the Southern African regional economic cooperation scheme (SADCC) could make for Tanzanian industrial development. Other contextual issues discussed include roles of public vs. private enterprises and of small-scale vs. large-scale firms; choice of technologies; and human and physical infrastructural developments. Although the paper focuses on the longer-term perspectives, the analysis also deals with the short-term adjustment problems in coping with the current debt crisis.
 Resumen
 Este ensayo examina las estrategias de industrialización en Tanzania desde 1967. Después de un breve repaso sobre los orígenes y la evolución de las estrategias industriales del pasado, explora sus implicaciones para los padrones emergentes del desarrollo industrial, examinando en particular la estructura característica y la naturaleza de la contradicción de las industrias en Tanzania. Se averigua las causas del desempeño inadecuado de la industria y se hace una revaluación crítica de la política industrial no solo del presente sino también del pasado, y a la vez sugiere diferentes opciones para el futuro de Tanzania. En este contexto, el trabajo identifica los aportes potenciales de la cooperación económica regional Sur Africana (SADCC) para el desarrollo industrial de Tanzania. También se discute el papel de la empresa pública versus la privada y de las firmas de pequeña escala versus las de grande escala; las opciones tecnológicas; y la infrasructura humana y física. Aunque el ensayo focaliza las perspectivas a largo plazo, también trata problemas de ajuste de corto plazo para enfrentar la presente deuda externa.
1 Brief an Carl Hill [?]
Creators: name: Wagner, Richard
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1853

description: von Richard Wagner
description: WBV 1363.- Absender vermutl. Carl Hill (lt. WBV unbekannt).-Beiliegend: 2 Schriftstücke betr. die Vorbesitzer Max (?) Hill und Martinho Levy
Humanitarianism and Politics in Central America
Creators: name: Loescher, Gil
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2024

description: Abstract
 Refugee assistance, in common with other humanitarian work, tends to be perceived as somehow apart from politics. However, as this paper demonstrates, the treatment of refugees and indeed their very existence are intensely political issues. The author concentrates on refugee policy in Central America, examining in detail the situation of refugees in Mexico, Honduras and Costa Rica-the various actors, their interests, and the effects on them of geopolitics, ideology and ethnic politics. He analyzes the attitude of the United States and its impact, the role of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the problems faced by voluntary agencies in their struggle for humanitarian "space," and the efforts of the refugee groups themselves, and concludes that only the return of peace and stability to Central America will ensure the protection of the region's refugees.
 Resumen
 La asistencia a refugiados, como otras formas de trabajo humanitario, tiende a ser percibida como algo aparte de la política. Sin embargo como lo demuestra este ensayo, la ayudo a los refugiados y, hasta la existencia de los mismos, son asuntos intensamente políticos. El autor analiza la política de refugiados en América Central, examinando con detalle la situación de refugiados en México, Honduras y Costa Rica-los varios actores, sus intereses y los efectos sobre ellos de la geopolítica, la ideología y la política étnica. Se describe la actitud de los Estados Unidos y su impacto, el rol del Alto Comisionado para Refugiados de las Naciones Unidas, los problemas afrontados por agencias de voluntarios en su lucha por un "espacio humanitario" y los esfuerzos de los grupos de los mismos refugiados. Concluye que solamente el regreso de la paz y la estabilidad en América Central asequrará la protección de los refugiados en esa región.
Brachyopa quadrimaculosa
Creators: name: Pérez-Bañón, Celeste
name: Radenković, Snezana
name: Vujić, Ante
name: Ståhls, Gunilla
name: Rojo, Santos
name: Grković, Ana
name: Petanidou, Theodora
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Syrphidae
Brachyopa
Brachyopa quadrimaculosa

description: Brachyopa quadrimaculosa group sensu Kassebeer (2002)
Based on adult characteristics, both species belong to the B. quadrimaculosa group sensu Kassebeer (2002). The members of this species group share the following adult morphological characters: length of pile on arista shorter than maximum width of arista; ground colour of scutum entirely black (with exceptions of the postalar callus); postpedicellus without distinct sensory pit (if a pit is present its diameter is smaller than the maximum diameter of the arista).
Considering all available data, the following species belong to the Brachyopa quadrimaculosa group: B. atlantea, B. cinerea Wahlberg, B. bimaculosa Doczkal & Dziock, B. cruriscutum van Steenis & van Steenis, B. grunewaldensis Kassebeer, B. insensilis, B. quadrimaculosa, B. primorica, B. silvae Doczkal & Dziock, B. stackelbergi, B. tabarkensis and B. vernalis.
description: Published as part of Pérez-Bañón, Celeste, Radenković, Snezana, Vujić, Ante, Ståhls, Gunilla, Rojo, Santos, Grković, Ana & Petanidou, Theodora, 2016, Brachyopa minima (Diptera: Syrphidae), a new species from Greece with notes on the biodiversity and conservation of the genus Brachyopa Meigen in the Northern Aegean Islands, pp. 217-234 in Zootaxa 4072 (2) on page 222, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4072.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/270665
title: Das Deborah-Lied
Creators: name: Ostrovljanovic, Boban
Year: 2011

description: Die vorliegende Arbeit versucht, einige wichtige Gesichtspunkte im Zusammenhang mit der Untersuchung und Einschätzung althebräischer Literatur im besonderen und altorientalischer Literatur im allgemeinen herauszuarbeiten. Die drei Teile dieser Abhandlung decken zunächst eine allgemein literaturtheoretische Betrachtung der erwähnten Problematik, dann eine nähere Untersuchung des „Deborah-Lieds“ als solchem und schließlich einen direkten Vergleich des Deborah-Lieds mit einem bemerkenswerten altorientalischen Werk – dem Tukulti-Ninurta-Epos – ab. Die Ergebnisse der angestellten Beobachtungen sollen zu einer adäquaten Bewertung altorientalischer Literatur insofern beitragen, als sie im Rahmen der dichterischen Komposition auf einen sehr spezifischen Umgang mit Bildlichkeit (Symbolik, Metaphorik), der weltanschaulich begründet und gesteuert und einem kulturellen und gesellschaftlichen Einfluss ausgesetzt ist, und einen (künstlerisch) ausgeprägten stilistischen Pragmatismus, der in erster Linie dem Ausdruck verpflichtet ist, hinweisen. Das Deborah-Lied als berühmter Vertreter althebräischer Poesie weist in diesem Zusammenhang etliche typische Merkmale altorientalischer Dichtung auf und kann durchaus als ein 'typisch' vorderasiatisches literarisches Werk des späten 2. Jtsds. v. Chr. bezeichnet werden.
Grassroots Popular Movements, Identity, and Democratization in Brazil
Creators: name: Mainwaring, Scott
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2024

description: Abstract
 This paper addresses the political impact and limits of grassroots popular movements in Brazil during the past decade. In the second half of the 1970s, as Brazil's military regime promoted a gradual process of political liberalization, grassroots popular movements burgeoned, generating widespread hopes among the forces that opposed the regime. Nearly a decade after this initial wave of optimism, it has become apparent that the earlier expectations have not been born out. The author analyzes why this has been the case. He argues that although a wide amalgam of social movements did oppose the military regime and did work towards democratization, their enormous heterogeneity made unity difficult to attain, except for very short times and for very specific conditions. Despite egregious poverty and inequalities, the popular classes have had difficulty creating a political identity based on common interests. Moreover, the state has intentionally pursued a policy of dividing social movements, and political parties have generally reinforced the fragmentation and isolation of grassroots movements. While underscoring these limits in grassroots movements, the author also argues that they have helped the popular classes conquer a sense of common identity and citizenship, and that they have helped put popular issues on the political agenda to a greater extent than in previous years.
 Resumen
 Este ensayo considera el impacto político y las limitaciones políticas de los movimientos populares de base en Brasil durante la década pasada. Durante la segunda mitad de la década de los setenta, cuando el régimen militar de Brasil promovía un proceso gradual de liberalización política, movimientos populares de base se fortalecieron, generando amplias esperanzas entre las fuerzas que se oponían al régimen. Cerca de una década después de esta onda inicial de optimismo, es aparente que las expectativas de antes no se han realizado. El autor analiza el por qué de este caso. Arguye que aunque una amplia amalgama de movimientos sociales se opuso al régimen militar y trabajó a favor de la democratización, su enorme heterogeneidad hizo difícil lograr la unidad, a no ser por períodos de tiempo muy cortos y en condiciones muy específicas. A pesar de la tremenda pobreza y la desigualdad que marcan la sociedad brasileña, para las clases populares les ha sido muy difícil crear una identidad política basada en intereses comunes. Por otra parte, el estado ha seguido intencionadamente una política de división de movimientos sociales, y los partidos políticos generalmente han reforzado la fragmentación y aislación de los movimientos populares. Mientras subraya estas limitaciones en los movimientos populares de base, el autor también arguye que ellos han ayudado a las clases populares a conquistar un sentido de ciudadanía común, y que han ayudado a colocar los asuntos populares en la agenda política en un grado mayor que en años anteriores.
Religion and Popular Protest in Latin America
Creators: name: Levine, Daniel
name: Mainwaring, Scott
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2024

description: Abstract
 For centuries, religion stood as a bulwark for conservatism in Latin America. In recent decades, this has changed, as the Catholic Church in a number of countries has actively supported and legitimated popular protest. However, the nature of ecclesiastical change and the relationship between the Church and popular protest differ sharply from one country to the next. This paper examines the relationship between the Church (especially its ecclesial base communities, or CEBs) and popular protest, focusing on two sharply contrasting cases. In Brazil, Church progressives have played a dominant role, and in Colombia, conservative Church leaders have systematically prevented grassroots Church groups from participating actively in popular protest. The paper begins with some theoretical reflections on the relationship between the institutional and popular components of the Church, and on the relationship between informal protest and institutional politics. The authors then provide an overview of the nature, origins, and religious character of CEBs. Through individual life histories, they then analyze the role of CEBs in empowering popular protest in Brazil, and the tight ecclesiastical control over popular Church groups in Colombia.
 Resumen
 Por siglos, la religión ha permanecido como un baluarte de conservadurismo en Latinoamérica. En décadas recientes esto ha cambiado, ya que la Iglesia Católica en varios países ha apoyado y legitimado activamente la protesta popular. Sin embargo, la naturaleza del cambio eclesial y la relación entre la Iglesia y la protesta popular difieren mucho de un país a otro. Este ensayo examina la relación entre la Iglesia (especialmente sus comunidades eclesiales de base, "CEBs") y la protesta popular, enfocando dos casos contrastantes. En Brasil, religiosos progresistas han jugado un papel predominante, mientras que en Colombia, líderes eclesiásticos conservadores han impedido sistemáticamente la participación activa en la protesta popular de las CEBs. El ensayo comienza con algunas reflexiones teóricas sobre la relación entre los componentes institucionales de la Iglesia y lo popular, y sobre la relación entre la protesta informal y la política institucional. Los autores entonces pasan a dar una vista sintética de la naturaleza, los orígenes, y el carácter religioso de las CEBs. A través de historias individuales, ellos analizan el rol de las CEBs en el fortalecimiento de la protesta popular en Brasil y el control eclesiástico ejercido sobre los grupos religiosos populares en Colombia.
Tapiena Bolivar 1906
Creators: name: Tan, Ming Kai
name: Liu, Chunxiang
name: Artchawakom, Taksin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Orthoptera
Phaneropteridae
Tapiena

description: Genus Tapiena Bolívar, 1906
Type species: Tapiena acutangula Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
Diagnosis. Fastigium frontis with apex as wide as antennal scapus. Head and pronotum densely punctuated. Tegmen without distinct Costal vein. Fore coxa armed with a spine. Fore tibia with external tympanum open, oval; internal tympanum slit covered by large conchate swelling. Hind femur with genicular lobe rounded, without any spine. Male subgenital plate with styli long, as long as half the length of subgenital plate. Ovipositor with lateral surface not granuliferous, with dorsal and ventral margins finely serrulated (Liu & Kang, 2010).
description: Published as part of Tan, Ming Kai, Liu, Chunxiang & Artchawakom, Taksin, 2015, Taxonomic review of Tapiena (Orthoptera: Phaneropteridae: Phaneropterinae), with key to species and new species from Thailand in Zootaxa 3920 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3920.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/236803
Additional file 3 of Organizational characteristics of highly specialized units for people with dementia and severe challenging behavior
Creators: name: van Voorden, Gerrie
name: Koopmans, Raymond T. C. M.
name: Strik-Lips, Mijke M.
name: Smalbrugge, Martin
name: Zuidema, Sytse U.
name: van den Brink, Anne M. A.
name: Persoon, Anke
name: Oude Voshaar, Richard C.
name: Gerritsen, Debby L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Cardiology

description: Supplementary Material 3.
Mexico: The Debt Crisis and Options for Development Strategy
Creators: name: Kim, Kwan
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2024

description: Abstract
 This paper highlights elements of macroeconomic policy issues facing Mexico in coping with its debt crisis. The author begins with a brief introduction to the origins and evolution of the crisis, and goes on to provide an overview of its socioeconomic impacts in Mexico and an examination of its implications for Mexico's future development. The concluding section of the paper critically evaluates Mexico's options for development strategy. One aspect of the debt crisis which particularly concerns the author is the economic interdependence between Mexico and its neighbor, the United States, and consequently the need for their mutual collaboration if the crisis is to be resolved.
 Resumen
 Este ensayo destaca elementos de la política macroeconómica que enfrenta México debido a su deuda externa. Empezando con un sumario de los orígenes y de la evolución de la crisis, nos provee con una vista general de los impactos económicos de la deuda externa en México y examina sus implicaciones para su futuro desarrollo. El trabajo evalua de forma crítica las opciones de México para una estrategia de desarrollo. Un aspecto de la deuda externa que se enfatiza es la interdependencia económica entre México y los Estados Unidos, y por lo tanto, la necesidad de una mutua colaboración en la resolución de esta crisis.
Additional file 6 of Organizational characteristics of highly specialized units for people with dementia and severe challenging behavior
Creators: name: van Voorden, Gerrie
name: Koopmans, Raymond T. C. M.
name: Strik-Lips, Mijke M.
name: Smalbrugge, Martin
name: Zuidema, Sytse U.
name: van den Brink, Anne M. A.
name: Persoon, Anke
name: Oude Voshaar, Richard C.
name: Gerritsen, Debby L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Cardiology

description: Supplementary Material 6.
History of the English Language: An Illustrated Introduction
Creators: name: Belda-Medina, Jose
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This  work is a comprehensive guide that explores the development and transformation of the English language from its origins to the modern era. The document begins by providing a detailed overview of the various language families that have influenced English, including Indo-European, Germanic, and Romance languages, among others. It traces the linguistic roots and evolution of English, starting from its Proto-Indo-European origins and moving through the different stages of Old English, Middle English, and Early Modern English.

The handbook is structured into several sections, each focusing on a significant period or aspect of the English language's history. It covers topics such as the impact of invasions, migrations, and cultural exchanges on the language, including the effects of the Viking invasions, the Norman Conquest, and the Renaissance. Additionally, it discusses key linguistic changes over time, such as phonological shifts, grammatical simplifications, and the incorporation of loanwords from other languages.

Illustrations, maps, and charts are used throughout the handbook to visually represent the relationships between different languages, dialects, and phonetic changes. The document also highlights the contributions of influential figures in the study of linguistics, such as Sir William Jones, Jacob Grimm, and Alfred the Great.

The handbook is designed to be both informative and accessible, offering a mix of scholarly analysis and visual aids to help readers understand the complex history of the English language. It serves as a valuable resource for students, educators, and anyone interested in the linguistic heritage of English.
Conscience Issue Tracker - July 8 2024
Creators: name: Prouse, Chantal
name: Tyhurst, Charlotte
name: Jolicoeur-Becotte, Marie
name: Bechthold, Kristina
name: Miksza, Jerod
name: Lamberti, Dylan
name: Barclay, Chris
name: Gold, E. Richard
Publisher: name: Conscience
Year: 2024

description: Conscience Issue Tracker - July 8 2024Issues in this in this edition:

C-Path and Centogene partner to advance drug development for lysosomal diseases

Lilly collaborates with OpenAI to discover novel medicines to treat drug-resistant bacteria

BenevolentAI and AstraZeneca collaboration success continues as novel target progressed

Collaboration leads to creation of potent therapy candidate for fatal prion diseases

DiaGen Ai Inc. Announces Research Collaboration with the Structural Genomics Consortium at UNC Chapel Hill
Brachyopa quadrimaculosa
Creators: name: Pérez-Bañón, Celeste
name: Radenković, Snezana
name: Vujić, Ante
name: Ståhls, Gunilla
name: Rojo, Santos
name: Grković, Ana
name: Petanidou, Theodora
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Syrphidae
Brachyopa
Brachyopa quadrimaculosa

description: Key to the members of the Brachyopa quadrimaculosa species group in the Eastern Mediterranean
(following Doczkal & Dziock 2004)
1. Scutellum entirely covered in microtrichia................................. Brachyopa bimaculosa Doczkal & Dziock
- Scutellum largely bare of microtrichia, at least on posterior 1/2–1/3.............................................. 2
2. Proepimeron with a few pile anteriorly. Scutum with rounded bare spots at the transverse suture (Figs 3 C & D)........... 3
- Proepimeron bare. Scutum with microtrichose transverse suture................................................. 5
3. Lateral sides of scutum uniformly covered with light grey microtrichia....... Brachyopa vernalis van Steenis & van Steenis
- Lateral sides of scutum with stripes of dark grey microtrichia... (as in Fig. 3 C)..................................... 4
4. Postalar callus with a very small bare spot (Fig. 3 C); male terminalia illustrated in Kaplan & Thompson (1981: 209, Figs 16– 18) ............................................... Brachyopa quadrimaculosa Thompson in Kaplan & Thompson
- Postalar callus with large bare spot (see van Steenis & van Steenis 2004: Fig. 4).................................................................................................. Brachyopa cruriscutum van Steenis & van Steenis
5. Sensory pit present; scutum with bare spots and stripes (Figs 3 A & B); tergites with pale pile; male terminalia in Figs 4–5 .................................................................................. Brachyopa minima sp. nov.
- Sensory pit absent; scutum completely microtrichose except for the postalar callus; second tergite with black pile posteromedi- ally in female (can be absent in male); (male terminalia illustrated in Vujić (1991: 147, Fig. 4 B)....................................................................................................... Brachyopa insensilis Collin
description: Published as part of Pérez-Bañón, Celeste, Radenković, Snezana, Vujić, Ante, Ståhls, Gunilla, Rojo, Santos, Grković, Ana & Petanidou, Theodora, 2016, Brachyopa minima (Diptera: Syrphidae), a new species from Greece with notes on the biodiversity and conservation of the genus Brachyopa Meigen in the Northern Aegean Islands, pp. 217-234 in Zootaxa 4072 (2) on page 223, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4072.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/270665
1 Brief an Wilhelm Baumgartner
Creators: name: Wagner, Richard
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1850

description: von Richard Wagner
description: WBV 716.- Ort lt. WBV.- Datum gemäss beiliegender Antwort von Wilhelm Baumgartner und Jakob Sulzer vom 21.4.1850 (Abschrift von Natalie Planer) ermittelt (lt. WBV Juni 1850).