cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Essays on Health Economics
Creators: name: Williams, Melisa M
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: This thesis examines two Health Economics topics: the economics of antibiotic resistance, and the effect of pollution on health and health care costs. Chapter 2 explores the concept of optimal antibiotic use, focusing on antibiotic over/under use. Overuse is defined as any uncoordinated use above the social optimum which would prevail in a coordinated market. We find that overuse depends on the infection transmission rate and the cost of antibiotic use. In the simple case where the transmission rate is 0, there is no over/under use. However, for sufficiently high costs associated with antibiotic use we see under use of antibiotics while sufficiently low costs result in overuse.Chapter 3 examines the link between knowledge about antibiotic consumption and resistance, and willingness-to-pay for antibiotic-free products. I designed a survey to collect primary data, using the contingent valuation method to obtain the willingness-to-pay. On average, respondents are willing to pay 57% more for the antibiotic-free product they purchase the most and 52% more for the product they purchase the least, compared to the regular option of the good. I find that for the product most purchased, a one standard deviation increase in knowledge, increases the willingness-to-pay for the antibiotic-free product by $0.085 over the price of the regular option of the good.Chapter 4 investigates the impact of pollution on hospital attendance and subsequent costs in Leicester, using data from the University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust. The identification relies on the spatial and temporal variation of pollution, and temporal variation in wind speed and direction. We find that exposure to higher levels of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 pm (PM10) has a positive effect on the total number of hospital visits and total costs. Specifically, each extra standard deviation of exposure to PM10 costs the city of Leicester $5.7 million to treat older adults and children.
Bloom Library: Multimodal Datasets in 300+ Languages for a Variety of Downstream Tasks
Creators: name: Leong, Colin
name: Nemecek, Joshua
name: Mansdorfer, Jacob
name: Filighera, Anna
name: Owodunni, Abraham
name: Whitenack, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present Bloom Library, a linguistically diverse set of multimodal and multilingual datasets for language modeling, image captioning, visual storytelling, and speech synthesis/recognition. These datasets represent either the most, or among the most, multilingual datasets for each of the included downstream tasks. In total, the initial release of the Bloom Library datasets covers 363 languages across 32 language families. We train downstream task models for various languages represented in the data, showing the viability of the data for future work in low-resource, multimodal NLP and establishing the first known baselines for these downstream tasks in certain languages (e.g., Bisu [bzi], with an estimated population of 700 users). Some of these first-of-their-kind baselines are comparable to state-of-the-art performance for higher-resourced languages. The Bloom Library datasets are released under Creative Commons licenses on the Hugging Face datasets hub to catalyze more linguistically diverse research in the included downstream tasks.
description: 14 pages, 1 figure, 3 tables, accepted to and presented at EMNLP 2022
Non-Volatile Kernel Root kit Detection and Prevention in Cloud Computing
Creators: name: Ramani, R. Geetha
name: Kumar, S Suresh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The field of web has turned into a basic part in everyday life. Security in the web has dependably been a significant issue. Malware is utilized to rupture into the objective framework. There are various kinds of malwares, for example, infection, worms, rootkits, trojan pony, ransomware, etc. Each malware has its own way to deal with influence the objective framework in various ways, in this manner making hurt the framework. The rootkit may be in some arbitrary records, which when opened can change or erase the substance or information in the objective framework. Likewise, by opening the rootkit contaminated record may debase the framework execution. Hence, in this paper, a Kernel Rootkit Detection and Prevention (KRDP) framework is proposed an avert the records. The avoidance system in this paper utilizes a calculation to forestall the opening of the rootkit influenced record as portrayed. By and large, the framework comprises of a free antivirus programming which is restricted to certain functionalities. The proposed model beats the functionalities by utilizing a calculation, in this way identifying the rootkits first and afterward cautioning the client to react to the rootkit tainted record. In this way, keeping the client from opening the rootkit contaminated record. Inevitably, in the wake of expelling the tainted document from the framework will give an improvement in the general framework execution.
title: The development of an error-correcting scheme for use with a six-tone HF modem
Creators: name: Stanfield, Calvin
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1997

description: This thesis describes the development of an error correcting system for a H.F. modem employing 6-tone Multi-Frequency Shift Keying (MFSK) as its modulation scheme. The modulation scheme was chosen to be compatible with equipment already in service and to eliminate the need to modify the existing communications infrastructure.

A convolutional code together with either Viterbi decoding or Fano decoding is chosen to provide the error correction because of the potential power of such codes and because it is possible for these combinations of code and decoding method to work with any alphabet size. To detect whether correction has been successful a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) is embedded within the data block before encoding.

A method of using a convolutional code to provide variable rate is presented. The method uses a systematic code so that it is possible for the scheme to have a quick look to see if the first data transmission has been received error free. A search for good codes is undertaken and the effect the alphabet size has on the code spectra discussed. It is shown that a good generator sequence for a binary code is also a good generator sequence for non-binary codes.

To decode the convolutional code both the Viterbi maximum likelihood decoder and the Fano sequential decoder are studied. It is argued that the Fano sequential decoder is the better choice for this application because it makes better use of system resources which will be limited in the field equipment. It is also shown that the performance of multi-level codes is better than binary codes and that an alphabet size of around 6 is optimum.

The throughput of the variable rate scheme and a number of fixed rate schemes is examined. It is shown that the variable rate scheme provides the best throughput at all data rates and that the throughput improvement at the higher data rates is greatest. The effect of interleaving is also examined and results presented.

To support the variable rate scheme a protocol is developed that can be used on practical H.F. channels. The potential problems with errors on both the forward and return channel are analysed and mechanisms to deal with these built-in.
title: Monoclonal Antibodies Binding to Malarial Merozoite Surface Protein 1 Protect in vivo Against Plasmodium yoelii Infection
Creators: name: Spencer Valero, Lilian Maritza
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1997

description: The malarial merozoite invades the erythrocyte and develops within the host cell. One of the most important and well studied parasite surface proteins at this stage of the life cycle is merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1). Plasmodium falciparum MSP-1 undergoes proteolytic processing into several fragments, of which only the carboxyl-terminal 19 kDa fragment (MSP-119) remains on the merozoite surface during invasion of a new erythrocyte. To study the importance of antibodies to the 19 kDa fragment of Plasmodium yoelii MSP-1 in providing protective immunity against infection, MSP-1-specific monoclonal antibodies were produced and characterised. Six antibodies were studied in detail. When naïve mice were passively immunised with these antibodies and then challenged with P. yoelii YM; which is a virulent and lethal parasite line, four of the antibodies showed a protective effect, reducing the level of parasitacmia and increasing host survival. There was some correlation between antibody subclass and protection. The epitopes for the antibodies were located on MSP-1, two antibodies bound to a recombinant protein comprised of the whole of MSP-119, and two others bound to a smaller sub-domain of it. These antibodies also recognised a similar recombinant protein from P. yoelii 265 BY ; this cross-reaction occurred despite quite extensive sequence differences between the two polypeptides. Two other MSP-1 specific antibodies did not recognise recombinant MSP-119, one bound to an epitope in the protein sequence adjacent to MSP-119 and the second recognised a larger structure that included MSP-119. This panel of biologically active antibodies enables the mechanisms of antibody inhibition of erythrocyte invasion to be studied in detail.
Algebraic Bethe ansatz for a class of coupled asymmetric six-vertex free-fermion model
Creators: name: Martins, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an algebraic Bethe ansatz for certain submanifolds of the bilayer vertex models proposed by Shiroishi and Wadati as coupled asymmetric six-vertex free-fermion models. A peculiar feature of our formulation is the presence of a diagonal monodromy matrix element that does not generate unwanted terms. The model contains two free-parameters entering into the Bethe ansatz equations as a pure phase factor.
description: Latex, 11 pages
Synthesis and DFT calculations of metal(II) oxime complexes bearing cysteine as coligand and investigation of their biological evolutions in vitro and in silico
Creators: name: Karipcin, Fatma
name: Öztoprak, Ufuk Türkay
name: Dede, Bülent
name: Şahin, Selmihan
name: Özmen, İsmail
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biophysics
Biochemistry
Cell Biology
Molecular Biology
Biotechnology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: New complexes with the formula of [ML(Cys)(H2O)2] were obtained as a result of the reaction between the oxime ligand [HL: 4-(4-bromophenylaminoisonitrosoacetyl)biphenyl], cysteine (Cys), and the metal(II) salts (Mn, Ni, Co, Zn, Cu). The newly synthesized compounds were characterized using conventional techniques such as molar conductance, magnetic measurements, elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and thermal analysis (TGA/DTA). Based on the conductivity measurements in DMF, it was determined that the complexes were non-electrolytes. The TGA/DTA analysis was performed to examine the thermal stability and degradation behavior of all samples, and results demonstrated that metal oxides or sulfides formed as a result of the decompositions. In conjunction with other data obtained, the elemental analysis confirmed the octahedral coordination of the complexes with deprotonated oxime (O, O-donor) and amino acid (N, S-donor) ligands and two coordinated waters. The compounds’ optimized geometries, molecular electrostatic potential diagrams, and frontier molecular orbitals were computed at the DFT/B3LYP level using the 6-311 G(d,p) and LANL2DZ basis sets. The antibacterial and DNA cleavage activities of all synthesized compounds were also screened, and molecular docking simulations were performed. According to the results of molecular docking studies conducted with three different proteins, the best interaction was found to be between HL-1HNJ with a binding energy of −9.5 kcal/mol. The stability of the HL-1HNJ complex was also verified by a molecular dynamics simulation performed for 50 ns.
Alcidion humeralis
Creators: name: Monné, Miguel A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cerambycidae
Alcidion
Alcidion humeralis

description: 7. Alcidion humeralis (Perty, 1832)
Type locality — Brazil, “prope Sebastianopolin”[Rio de Janeiro]. (ZSMC). Distribution — Mexico (Oaxaca, Veracruz) to southern Brazil and Argentina.
 Acanthocinus humeralis Perty, 1832: 91, pl. 18, fig. 8.
 Alcidion humeralis; Sturm, 1843: 254; Monné, 1977: 698 (syn.); Chemsak et al., 1992: 133 (cat.); Maes et al., 1994: 30 (distr.); Di Iorio, 1996b: 154 (hosts); Noguera & Chemsak, 1996: 406 (cat.); Monné, 2001b: 5 (cat. hosts); Di Iorio in Cordo et al., 2004: 52 (hosts).
 Probatius humeralis; White, 1855: 389; Bates, 1864: 48; Rojas, 1866: 245 (distr.); Prudhomme, 1906: 37 (distr.); Bruch, 1912: 215 (cat.); Saalas, 1936: 155; Zikán & Zikán, 1944: 38 (distr.); Fisher, 1944: 11 (distr.); Biezanko & Bosq, 1956: 15 (distr.); Zajciw, 1958a: 19 (distr.); Buck, 1959: 606 (distr.); Villiers, 1971: 346 (distr.); Viana, 1972: 387 (distr.); Zajciw, 1972a: 65 (distr.); 1974a: 74 (distr.).
 Probatius mexicanus Thomson, 1860: 17; 1864: 27; Redtenbacher, 1867: 177 (distr.); Bates, 1872: 219; Thomson, 1878: 15 (type); Bates, 1881a: 175, pl. 13, fig. 7; 1885: 409 (distr.).
Type locality — Mexico. (MNHN).
description: Published as part of Monné, Miguel A., 2005, Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical Region. Part II. Subfamily Lamiinae, pp. 1-760 in Zootaxa 1023 (1) on pages 1-760, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.946.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5049553
Observation of Bell Inequality violation in B mesons
Creators: name: Go, Apollo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A pair of $B^0\bar B^0$ mesons from $Υ(4S)$ decay exhibit EPR type non-local particle-antiparticle (flavor) correlation. It is possible to write down Bell Inequality (in the CHSH form: $S\le2$) to test the non-locality assumption of EPR. Using semileptonic $B^0$ decays of $Υ(4S)$ at Belle experiment, a clear violation of Bell Inequality in particle-antiparticle correlation is observed: S=2.725+-0.167(stat)+-0.092(syst)
description: Conference Proceeding for Garda Lake Workshop 2003 "Mysteries, Puzzles and Paradoxes in Quantum Mechanics"
Identification of two trapping mechanisms responsible of the threshold voltage variation in SiO$_2$/4H-SiC MOSFETs
Creators: name: Fiorenza, Patrick
name: Giannazzo, Filippo
name: Saggio, Mario
name: Roccaforte, Fabrizio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A non-relaxing method based on cyclic gate bias stress is used to probe the interface or near-interface traps in the SiO$_2$/4H-SiC system over the whole 4H-SiC band gap. The temperature dependent instability of the threshold voltage in lateral MOSFETs is investigated and two separated trapping mechanisms were found. One mechanism is nearly temperature independent and it is correlated to the presence of near interface oxide traps that are trapped via tunneling from the semiconductor. The second mechanism, having an activation energy of 0.1 eV, has been correlated to the presence of intrinsic defects at the SiO$_2$/4H-SiC interface.
Understanding The Unexplained: Healthcare Professionals’ Attitudes Towards and Understanding of Medically Unexplained Symptoms
Creators: name: Kadir, Sanaa
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Systematic Literature ReviewThe literature review explored why healthcare professionals have negative attitudes towards patients with Medically Unexplained Symptoms (MUS) and how these attitudes developed. Six databases were searched and twelve papers were found. A meta-ethnography approach was used to synthesise the papers and draw overarching understandings. All of the papers researched medical doctors in Europe. The synthesis revealed that a lack of training contributed to negative attitudes. The attribution of symptoms impacted attitudes. The doctor-patient relationship was found to be a key mediating factor for attitudes. Professionals also had to manage their own emotional reactions to MUS presentations. The review suggests that negative attitudes may reflect the difficulty for professionals in working with the MUS presentation. Further education and support is required.
Empirical Research ProjectResearch suggests that culture can impact the presentation of symptoms and engagement with psychological services. However, how culture impacts this specifically within the context of Medically Unexplained Symptoms (MUS) is not known. Twenty psychologists took part in semi-structured interviews to explore this. The transcripts were analysed using Thematic Analysis. Cultural identity and sense-making was an overarching theme which noted the impact of cultural narratives, faith and spirituality, and intersectionality on the explanations of MUS. Systemic barriers to access were found to be related to family narratives, stigma and institutional discrimination. The link between mental health and MUS was emphasised, with the link between mind and body and the cycle of poor mental health being contributing factors. Earlier psychological intervention and co-construction of meaning were noted as key in improving the patient journey. It was clear that culture needed to be considered within MUS to improve patient outcomes.
title: The establishment of an infectivity assay for human parvovirus B19 to investigate the efficacy of protocols for the inactiviation of pathogens from plasma products
Creators: name: Chaput, Cécile Claire
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2005

description: Erythrovirus B19 is the only parvovirus known to cause disease in humans and represents a concern in transfusion medicine since several blood products were shown to contain B19 despite various inactivation steps and some products have even transmitted viral infection. The aim of the study was to establish a reliable and reproducible infectivity assay that could be used to evaluate the efficiency of viral removal/inactivation methods. This assay was based on the detection of B 19-specific mRNA transcripts from susceptible cells inoculated with virus: the human leukaemic cell line UT-7/EPO-S1. B19 DNA concentrations were also determined using an optimised quantitative real-time PCR assay. Both assays were used to assess the efficacy of one virus removal method, nanofiltration, and four virus inactivation techniques, dry heating treatment, supercritical fluids, INACTINE™ system and Helinx® technology. Nanofiltration of a spiked solution of 0.5% albumin with 15N and 20N filters resulted in the removal of more than logio 5 and logio 6 of infectious B19, respectively. Dry heat treatment of factor VIE showed a reduction of infectivity greater than log10 2 after 24 hours and below the limit of detection of the assay after 72 hours. The treatment of plasma with the SuperFluids™ system removed more than log10 5 infectious viruses. Two chemicals methods used novel small molecules which target and crosslink nucleic acids: PEN 110 (INACTINE™ system) and Psoralen S-59 (Helinx® technology). Treatment of red cells with PEN 110 showed a reduction of infectivity below the detection limit while platelet concentrates treated with S-59 resulted in a reduction greater than log10 5. Although chemical methods can be used on cells which do not have a nucleus (red cells and platelets), they also introduce potential toxicity. In contrast, physical methods of removal and inactivation are less toxic but would damage red cells and platelets. Overall, this research work allowed the establishment of a reproducible infectivity assay that was successfully used to perform preliminary studies on the efficacy of various viral removal/inactivation methods.
Gravity-assisted exact unification in minimal supersymmetric SU(5) and its gaugino mass spectrum
Creators: name: Tobe, Kazuhiro
name: Wells, James D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Minimal supersymmetric SU(5) with exact unification is naively inconsistent with proton decay constraints. However, it can be made viable by a gravity-induced non-renormalizable operator connecting the adjoint Higgs boson and adjoint vector boson representations. We compute the allowed coupling space for this theory and find natural compatibility with proton decay constraints even for relatively light superpartner masses. The modifications away from the naive SU(5) theory have an impact on the gaugino mass spectrum, which we calculate. A combination of precision Linear Collider and Large Hadron Collider measurements of superpartner masses would enable interesting tests of the high-scale form of minimal supersymmetric SU(5).
description: 12 pages, 2 figures
Alcidion ludicrum
Creators: name: Monné, Miguel A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cerambycidae
Alcidion
Alcidion ludicrum

description: 8. Alcidion ludicrum (Germar, 1824)
Type locality — Brazil. (Depository unknown). Distribution — Brazil (Espírito Santo to Rio Grande do Sul), Paraguay, Argentina.
 Lamia ludicra Germar, 1824: 481.
 Pogonocerus ludicrus; Germar in Guérin­Méneville, 1839: 330.
 Probatius ludicrus; White, 1855: 389; Redtenbacher, 1867: 177 (distr.); Bruch, 1912: 215 (distr.); Zikán & Zikán, 1944: 38 (distr.); Zajciw, 1958a: 24 (distr.); Buck, 1959: 606 (distr.); Zajciw, 1972a: 65 (distr.); Viana, 1972: 387 (distr.); Zajciw, 1974a: 74 (distr.).
 Alcidion ludicrum; Monné, 1977: 698.
description: Published as part of Monné, Miguel A., 2005, Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical Region. Part II. Subfamily Lamiinae, pp. 1-760 in Zootaxa 1023 (1) on pages 1-760, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.946.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5049553
Chalcone-based imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole derivatives: synthesis, crystal structure, potent anticancer activity, and computational studies
Creators: name: Dadou, Said
name: Altay, Ahmet
name: Baydere, Cemile
name: Anouar, El Hassane
name: Türkmenoğlu, Burçin
name: Koudad, Mohammed
name: Dege, Necmi
name: Oussaid, Abdelouahad
name: Benchat, Noureddine
name: Karrouchi, Khalid
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biophysics
Biochemistry
Cell Biology
Pharmacology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer

description: In this work, two novel chalcone-based imidazothiazole derivatives ITC-1 and ITC-2 were synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and high-resolution mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization, and chemical structure of ITC-1 was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Also, the anticancer activity of ITC-1 and ITC-2 was evaluated. First, antiproliferative activity tests were performed against cancer cells namely, human-derived breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), lung carcinoma (A-549), and colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT-29) cell lines, and mouse fibroblast healthy cell line (3T3-L1) by XTT assay. Afterward, mitochondrial membrane disruption (MMP), caspase activity, and apoptosis tests were performed on MCF-7 cells to elucidate the anticancer mechanism of action of the test compounds by flow cytometry analysis. XTT results revealed that both compounds exhibited a very high degree of antiproliferative effects on each tested cancer cell line with very low IC50 values while showing much lower antiproliferation on 3T3-L1 normal cells with much higher IC50 values. Besides, ITC-2 was determined to have a striking cytotoxic power competing with the chemotherapeutic drug carboplatin. Flow cytometry results demonstrated the mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic effects of both compounds through membrane disruption and multi-caspase activation in MCF-7 cells. Finally, molecular docking studies were performed to determine the structural understanding of the test compounds by their interactions on caspase-3 and DNA dodecamer enzymes, respectively. The interactions between the compound and the crystal structure were determined according to parameters such as free binding energies (ΔGBind), Glide score values, and determination of the active binding site. The obtained data suggest that ITC-1 and ITC-2 may be considered remarkable anticancer drug candidates. In addition to molecular docking via in silico approaches, the pharmacokinetic properties of compounds ITC-1 and ITC-2 were calculated using the Schrödinger 2021-2 Qikprop wizard.
The dynamo-wind feedback loop: Assessing their non-linear interplay
Creators: name: Perri, Barbara
name: Brun, Allan Sacha
name: Strugarek, Antoine
name: Réville, Victor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Though generated deep inside the convection zone, the solar magnetic field has a direct impact on the Earth space environment via the Parker spiral. It strongly modulates the solar wind in the whole heliosphere, especially its latitudinal and longitudinal speed distribution over the years. However the wind also influences the topology of the coronal magnetic field by opening the magnetic field lines in the coronal holes, which can affect the inner magnetic field of the star by altering the dynamo boundary conditions. This coupling is especially difficult to model because it covers a large variety of spatio-temporal scales. Quasi-static studies have begun to help us unveil how the dynamo-generated magnetic field shapes the wind, but the full interplay between the solar dynamo and the solar wind still eludes our understanding. We use the compressible magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) code PLUTO to compute simultaneously in 2.5D the generation and evolution of magnetic field inside the star via an alpha-Omega dynamo process and the corresponding evolution of a polytropic coronal wind over several activity cycles for a young Sun. A multi-layered boundary condition at the surface of the star connects the inner and outer stellar layers, allowing both to adapt dynamically. Our continuously coupled dynamo-wind model allows us to characterize how the solar wind conditions change as a function of the cycle phase, and also to quantify the evolution of integrated quantities such as the Alfvén radius. We further assess the impact of the solar wind on the dynamo itself by comparing our results with and without wind feedback.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, IAUS 354
TGF-β1 and WNT5A Functional Crosstalk and its Role in Asthmatic Epithelial Repair
Creators: name: Roberts, Sheree
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: BACKGROUNDThe epithelium is the first line of defence against inhaled pathogens, but it is found to be damaged and dysfunctional in asthma. This may predispose the airways to persistent inflammation that may drive airway remodelling. WNT5A and TGF-β1 signalling are vital for lung development, and evidence suggests they may be reinstated in airway repair. Crosstalk between WNT5A and TGF-β1 is evident in other cell types but is yet to be elucidated in the airway epithelium. Delineating this signalling crosstalk may further understanding of the repair process to provide tractable targets for new asthma therapies.
METHODSThis study sought to evaluate the impact of WNT5A and TGF-β1 (alone or synergistic) on (1) epithelial repair in BEAS-2Bs and differentiated human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) and (2) epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induction and SMAD2/3 phosphorylation, which have been identified as WNT5A-TGF-β1 crosstalk mechanisms in other cell types. The use of bulk transcriptional profiling in epithelial cells from moderate-severe asthmatic patients was used to identify potential mechanistic avenues to explore in the experimental in vitro models.
RESULTSWe found neither WNT5A nor TGF-β1 stimulation alone had a significant effect on wound healing, however TGF-β1 signalling was found to have a significant effect on WNT5A-mediated wound closure. Crosstalk however was not evident on EMT induction or SMAD2/3 phosphorylation. The bulk gene expression profiling analysis in moderate-severe asthmatic patients also failed to demonstrate an association between WNT and TGF-β signalling and airflow obstruction (a clinical surrogate marker of airway remodelling) in asthma.
DISCUSSIONThis PhD does not support a role for WNT5A or TGF-β1 in HBEC repair, but it does suggest that negative WNT5A-TGF-β1 crosstalk may exist in HBECs. Further investigation is needed to confirm these findings.
Pulsation and Precession of the Resonant Swinging Spring
Creators: name: Lynch, Peter
name: Houghton, Conor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When the frequencies of the elastic and pendular oscillations of an elastic pendulum or swinging spring are in the ratio two-to-one, there is a regular exchange of energy between the two modes of oscillation. We refer to this phenomenon as pulsation. Between the horizontal excursions, or pulses, the spring undergoes a change of azimuth which we call the precession angle. The pulsation and stepwise precession are the characteristic features of the dynamics of the swinging spring. The modulation equations for the small-amplitude resonant motion of the system are the well-known three-wave equations. We use Hamiltonian reduction to determine a complete analytical solution. The amplitudes and phases are expressed in terms of both Weierstrass and Jacobi elliptic functions. The strength of the pulsation may be computed from the invariants of the equations. Several analytical formulas are found for the precession angle. We deduce simplified approximate expressions, in terms of elementary functions, for the pulsation amplitude and precession angle and demonstrate their high accuracy by numerical experiments. Thus, for given initial conditions, we can describe the envelope dynamics without solving the equations. Conversely, given the parameters which determine the envelope, we can specify initial conditions which, to a high level of accuracy, yield this envelope.
description: 33 pages, 9 eps figures
Efficacy and Effectiveness of Adaptive Seating on Sitting Posture and Postural Control in Children with Cerebral Palsy
Creators: name: Chung, Julie
name: Evans, Jessie
name: Lee, Corinna
name: Lee, Jessie
name: Rabbani-Nejad, Yasha
name: Roxborough, Lori
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2007

description: MPT Systematic Reviews and Research Projects.
Pretrained audio neural networks for Speech emotion recognition in Portuguese
Creators: name: Gauy, Marcelo Matheus
name: Finger, Marcelo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The goal of speech emotion recognition (SER) is to identify the emotional aspects of speech. The SER challenge for Brazilian Portuguese speech was proposed with short snippets of Portuguese which are classified as neutral, non-neutral female and non-neutral male according to paralinguistic elements (laughing, crying, etc). This dataset contains about $50$ minutes of Brazilian Portuguese speech. As the dataset leans on the small side, we investigate whether a combination of transfer learning and data augmentation techniques can produce positive results. Thus, by combining a data augmentation technique called SpecAugment, with the use of Pretrained Audio Neural Networks (PANNs) for transfer learning we are able to obtain interesting results. The PANNs (CNN6, CNN10 and CNN14) are pretrained on a large dataset called AudioSet containing more than $5000$ hours of audio. They were finetuned on the SER dataset and the best performing model (CNN10) on the validation set was submitted to the challenge, achieving an $F1$ score of $0.73$ up from $0.54$ from the baselines provided by the challenge. Moreover, we also tested the use of Transformer neural architecture, pretrained on about $600$ hours of Brazilian Portuguese audio data. Transformers, as well as more complex models of PANNs (CNN14), fail to generalize to the test set in the SER dataset and do not beat the baseline. Considering the limitation of the dataset sizes, currently the best approach for SER is using PANNs (specifically, CNN6 and CNN10).
Nonlinear absorption in discrete systems
Creators: name: Spire, A.
name: Leon, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the context of nonlinear scattering, a continuous wave incident onto a nonlinear discrete molecular chain of coupled oscillators can be partially absorbed as a result of a 3-wave resonant interaction that couples two HF-waves of frequencies close to the edge of the Brillouin zone. Hence both nonlinearity and discreteness are necessary for generating this new absorption process which manisfests itself by soliton generation in the medium. As a paradigm of this nonlinear absorption we consider here the Davydov model that describes exciton-phonon coupling in hydrogen bonded molecular chains.
On Orientifolds of c=1 Orbifolds
Creators: name: Dijkstra, T. P. T.
name: Gato-Rivera, B.
name: Riccioni, F.
name: Schellekens, A. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The aim of this paper is to study orientifolds of c=1 conformal field theories. A systematic analysis of the allowed orientifold projections for c=1 orbifold conformal field theories is given. We compare the Klein bottle amplitudes obtained at rational points with the orientifold projections that we claim to be consistent for any value of the orbifold radius. We show that the recently obtained Klein bottle amplitudes corresponding to exceptional modular invariants, describing bosonic string theories at fractional square radius, are also in agreement with those orientifold projections.
description: 30 pages, LaTeX. Refs. and comments added, typos corrected. Version appeared on NPB
Tanaka-Ito $α$-continued fractions and matching
Creators: name: Carminati, Carlo
name: Langeveld, Niels
name: Steiner, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Two closely related families of $α$-continued fractions were introduced in 1981: by Nakada on the one hand, by Tanaka and Ito on the other hand. The behavior of the entropy as a function of the parameter $α$ has been studied extensively for Nakada's family, and several of the results have been obtained exploiting an algebraic feature called matching. In this article we show that matching occurs also for Tanaka-Ito $α$-continued fractions, and that the parameter space is almost completely covered by matching intervals. Indeed, the set of parameters for which the matching condition does not hold, called bifurcation set, is a zero measure set (even if it has full Hausdorff dimension). This property is also shared by Nakada's $α$-continued fractions, and yet there also are some substantial differences: not only does the bifurcation set for Tanaka-Ito continued fractions contain infinitely many rational values, it also contains numbers with unbounded partial quotients.
title: The Thermal, Metamorphic and Magmatic Evolution of a Rapidly Exhuming Terrane: the Nanga Parbat Massif, Northern Pakistan.
Creators: name: Whittington, Alan Geoffrey
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1997

description: The Nanga Parbat-Haramosh Massif (NFHM) is the most northerly outcrop of Indian Plate rocks in the Himalayan orogen, exposed by rapid recent exhumation through the structurally overlying Kohistan Island Arc in northern Pakistan. Exhumation has been achieved by erosion in the apparent absence of extensional tectonics. Metabasaltic dykes intruded into polymetamorphic basement rocks provide time markers that distinguish early from late fabrics that probably correlated with Precambrian and Himalayan deformation respectively. Nanga Parbat is anomalous within the Himalayan orogen for both the timing and nature of metamorphism and anatexis. A multidisciplinary approach allows the thermal history to be tightly constrained.

 Metamorphism is characterised by cordierite growth during near-isothermal decompression. Garnet inclusion assemblages record P-T conditions of 720 ± 50°C and 7.5 ±1.5 kbar, while spinel-cordierite intergrowths unique to the massif interior formed at 710 ± 60°C and 5.0 ± 1.1 kbar. Lower grade assemblages are exposed towards the massif margins. Tourmaline leucogranite plutons and sheets are characterised by similar trace element geochemistry to Miocene High Himalayan granites, indicative of vapour-absent crustal melting as would result from rapid decompression, but were emplaced more than 10 million years later. More recently, fluid infiltration into conjugate shear zones accommodating vertical stretching in the core of the massif resulted in anatexis and the formation of restitic cordierite-bearing pods. 40Ar-39Ar studies indicate regional cooling below 400°C as recently as 1 Ma, and the distribution of excess 40Ar in basement samples is indicative of magmatic/metamorphic fluids at depths > 10 km.

 One-dimensional thermal modelling indicates that increasing cooling rates through time do not require increasing exhumation rates because advection of heat results in a steepened near-surface geotherm. These models predict both the style and timing of metamorphism and anatexis in this rapidly exhuming terrane, and are consistent with petrological and geochemical constraints determined from the NPHM basement.
New examples of hyperbolic octic surfaces in $\PP^3$
Creators: name: Shiffman, Bernard
name: Zaidenberg, Mikhail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show that a general small deformation of the union of two general cones in P3 of degree >= 4 is Kobayashi hyperbolic. Hence we obtain new examples of hyperbolic surfaces in P3 of any given degree d>= 8.
description: 4 pages, Latex
Open-Circuit Fault-Tolerant Control Methods for a Multiphase Permanent Magnet Machine
Creators: name: Akay, Ali
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: This thesis focuses on the open-circuit fault-tolerant (OCFT) control of a multi-phase machine to increase their reliability. There are several OCFT control method in the literature. First developed OCFT control methods focused on a control method that does not need a change on the drive system. However these developed methods had very high resistive loss. In the following years, new methods were developed to obtain a minimum ohmic loss. Nevertheless, these methods were developed up to two phase OCFT conditions. This thesis presents three different solutions for the open-circuit fault conditions, so the five-phase machine can run up to three phase OCFT condition. These methods had also minimum ohmic losses compared to the existing methods, and were developed by using the current space vector (SV) theory, rotating magnetomotive force (MMF) of a machine and d-q (direct-quadrature) axes currents. In the first developed method,the vec-toral sum of current SV in sinusoidal machine is a constant resultant SV. This resultant SV has been reobtained under OCFT conditions. Each phase produces two MMF terms; a pulsating and a constant term. The sum of these pulsating parts is zero under healthy condition. However, this is not zero under open-circuit fault conditions. A solution has been found to eliminate these pulsating parts in the second method. D-q axes currents are smooth when there is no fault in the machine. Nevertheless, these currents pulsates under faulty conditions. In the third developed method, a solution has been proposed to obtain a smooth d-q currents for OCFT conditions. This thesis also presents a solution to reduce the torque ripple for healthy and OCFT conditions. These developed methods has been validated by using an finite element analysis (FEA) software.
Features of Marfan syndrome not listed in the Ghent nosology – the dark side of the disease
Creators: name: von Kodolitsch, Yskert
name: Demolder, Anthony
name: Girdauskas, Evaldas
name: Kaemmerer, Harald
name: Kornhuber, Katharina
name: Mosquera, Laura Muino
name: Morris, Shaine
name: Neptune, Enid
name: Pyeritz, Reed
name: Rand-Hendriksen, Svend
name: Rahman, Alexander
name: Riise, Nina
name: Robert, Leema
name: Staufenbiel, Ingmar
name: Szöcs, Katalin
name: Vanem, Thy Thy
name: Linke, Stephan J.
name: Vogler, Marina
name: Yetman, Anji
name: De Backer, Julie
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology

description: Introduction: The revised Ghent nosology presents the classical features of Marfan syndrome. However, behind its familiar face, Marfan syndrome hides less well-known features. Areas covered: The German Marfan Organization listed unusual symptoms and clinical experts reviewed the literature on clinical features of Marfan syndrome not listed in the Ghent nosology. Thereby we identified the following features: (1) bicuspid aortic valve, mitral valve prolapse, pulmonary valve prolapse, tricuspid valve prolapse, (2) heart failure and cardiomyopathy, (3) supraventricular arrhythmia, ventricular arrhythmia, and abnormal repolarization, (4) spontaneous coronary artery dissection, anomalous coronary arteries, and atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, tortuosity-, aneurysm-, and dissection of large and medium-sized arteries, (5) restrictive lung disease, parenchymal lung disease, and airway disorders, (6) obstructive- and central sleep apnea, (7) liver and kidney cysts, biliary tract disease, diaphragmatic hernia, and adiposity, (8) premature labor, and urinary incontinence, (9) myopathy, reduced bone mineral density, and craniofacial manifestations, (10) atrophic scars, (11) caries, and craniomandibular dysfunction, (12) headache from migraine and spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leakage, (13) cognitive dysfunction, schizophrenia, depression, fatigue, and pain, (14) and activated fibrinolysis, thrombin, platelets, acquired von Willebrand disease, and platelet dysfunction. Expert commentary: Future research, nosologies, and guidelines may consider less well-known features of Marfan syndrome.
Photometric variability of the unique magnetic white dwarf GD356
Creators: name: Brinkworth, C. S.
name: Burleigh, M. R.
name: Wynn, G. A.
name: Marsh, T. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: GD356 is a magnetic white dwarf (B = 13MG) that uniquely displays weak resolved Zeeman triplets of Halpha and Hbeta in emission. As such, GD356 may be the only known white dwarf with some kind of chromosphere, although accretion from the interstellar medium or more exotic mechanisms cannot be ruled out. Here, we report the detection of low amplitude (+/-~0.2%) near-sinusoidal photometric (V-band) variability in GD356, with a period of 0.0803 days (~115 minutes). We interpret this as the rotation period of the star. We model the variability with a dark spot (by analogy with star spots) covering 10% of the stellar surface. It seems likely that this spot is also the site of the Zeeman emission, requiring the presence of a temperature inversion. We show that the spot is never totally visible or obscured, and that both polar and equatorial spots produce good fits to the data when viewed at high and low inclination respectively.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted MNRAS Letters, corrected page setup
Alcidion sannio
Creators: name: Monné, Miguel A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cerambycidae
Alcidion
Alcidion sannio

description: 12. Alcidion sannio (Germar, 1824)
Type locality — Brazil. (Depository unknown). Distribution — Brazil.
 Lamia sannio Germar, 1824: 481.
 Pogonocerus sannio; Germar in Guérin­Méneville, 1839: 330.
 Probatius sannio; White, 1855: 389; Lacordaire, 1872: 782.
 Alcidion sannio; Monné, 1977: 698.
description: Published as part of Monné, Miguel A., 2005, Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical Region. Part II. Subfamily Lamiinae, pp. 1-760 in Zootaxa 1023 (1) on pages 1-760, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.946.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5049553
Fluctuations of energy injection rate in a shear flow
Creators: name: Schumacher, Joerg
name: Eckhardt, Bruno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the instantaneous and local energy injection in a turbulent shear flow driven by volume forces. The energy injection can be both positive and negative. Extremal events are related to coherent streaks. The probability distribution is asymmetric, deviates slightly from a Gaussian shape and depends on the position in shear direction. The probabilities for positive and negative injection are exponentially related, but the prefactor in the exponent varies across the shear layer.
description: 10 pages, 4 Postscript figures
On the Cauchy problem of a sixth-order Cahn-Hilliard equation arising in oil-water-surfactant mixtures
Creators: name: Zhao, Xiaopeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35K25, 35A01, 35B40

description: We study the global well-posedness and asymptotic behavior of solutions for the Cauchy problem of three-dimensional sixth order Cahn-Hilliard equation arising in oil-water-surfactant mixtures. First, by using the pure energy method and a standard continuity argument, we prove that there exists a unique global strong solution provided that the $H^2$-norm of initial data is sufficiently small. Moreover, we also establish the suitable negative Sobolev norm estimates and obtain the time decay rate of strong solutions. It is worth pointing out that although the problem we considered is a sixth-order parabolic equation, the time decay rate is equivalent to the decay rate of fourth-order generalized heat equation, which is better than our expect.
description: 21 pages