cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On spectropolarimetric measurements with visible lines
Creators: name: Iniesta, J. C. del Toro
name: Suárez, D. Orozco
name: Rubio, L. R. Bellot
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ability of new instruments for providing accurate inferences of vector magnetic fields and line-of-sight velocities of the solar plasma depends a great deal on the sensitivity to these physical quantities of the spectral lines chosen to be measured. Recently, doubts have been raised about visible Stokes profiles to provide a clear distinction between weak fields and strong ones filling a small fraction of the observed area. The goal of this paper is to give qualitative and quantitative arguments that help in settling the debate since several instruments that employ visible lines are either operating or planned for the near future. The sensitivity of the Stokes profiles is calculated through the response functions (e.g. Ruiz Cobo & Del Toro Iniesta, 1994). Both theoretical and empirical evidences are gathered in favor of the reliability of visible Stokes profiles. The response functions are used as well for estimating the uncertainties in the physical quantities due to noise in the observations. A useful formula has been derived that takes into account the measurement technique (number of polarization measurements, polarimetric efficiencies, number of wavelength samples), the model assumptions (number of free parameters, the filling factor), and the radiative transfer (response functions). We conclude that a scenario with a weak magnetic field can reasonably be distinguished with visible lines from another with a strong field but a similar Stokes $V$ amplitude, provided that the Milne-Eddington approximation is good enough to describe the solar atmosphere and that the polarization signal is at least three or four times larger than the typical rms noise of $ 10^{-3} I_{\rm c}$ reached in the observations.
description: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Reprocessing semicritical items: Outbreaks and current issues
Creators: name: Weber, D.J.
name: Rutala, W.A.
Publisher: name: Mosby Inc.
Year: 2019

description: Semicritical medical devices are defined as items that come into contact with mucous membranes or nonintact skin (eg, gastrointestinal endoscopes, endocavitary probes). Such medical devices require minimally high-level disinfection. As many of these items are temperature sensitive, low-temperature chemical methods must be used rather than steam sterilization. Strict adherence to current guidelines is required as more outbreaks have been linked to inadequately cleaned or disinfected endoscopes and other semicritical items than any other reusable medical devices.
The psychophysiological correlates of empathy in couple interactions
Creators: name: O'Mara, John
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: This thesis examines the relationships between physiological linkage and empathy in dyadic couple interactions. Physiological linkage occurs when the dynamic changes in the physiology of one person are followed by equivalent changes in the physiology of another. The current research emerged from the innovative work of Levenson and Gottman (1983) who used bivariate time-series analysis techniques to examine physiological linkage in neutral and conflictual couple interactions. They found that physiological linkage was negatively correlated (r = -.31) with marital satisfaction during conflict interactions only, and predicted 60% of the variance in marital satisfaction. In a later study, Levenson and Ruef (1992) found that strangers rating the affect of a target spouse were physiologically linked for 28% to 33% of physiological variables, and that physiological linkage was significantly correlated with rating accuracy for negative affect only. Levenson and Ruef interpreted physiological linkage as representing a physiological substrate of empathy. For the current research a three stage model of empathy was developed to provide a conceptualisation of the empathic process and guide the selection of measures for empathy. To the neutral and conflict interactions used in the earlier studies a third positive interaction was added. Tum-taking, rather than naturalistic interactions, were used to aid empathic listening. It was hypothesised that, when non distressed couples listen empathically to each other: (a) physiological linkage would occur where the physiology of the listener follows the physiology of the speaker; (b) physiological linkage would be predictive of perspective-taking (i.e., empathic listening) and, (c) marital satisfaction; and (d) perspective-taking would be correlated with marital satisfaction. Results supported these hypotheses: (a) Significant physiological linkage occmTed for 38% of physiological measures during neutral discussions, 42% during happy, and 41 % during discussions of conflict. The direction of linkage was that the listener consistently followed the speaker; (b) physiological linkage predicted up to 55% of the variance in perspective taking ability; (c) and up to 51 % of the variance in marital satisfaction, and (d) perspective-taking was positively correlated with marital satisfaction for six of nine comparisons (ps < .01). The results indicated that physiological linkage occurs when spouses listen empathically and extended the findings of Levenson and Gottman (1983) to the expression of neutral and positive affect. Support was also provided for the proposed model of empathy and Levenson and Ruef's (1992) contention that physiological linkage signifies the feeling component of empathy.
PR - Estimated Government Payments With Average Crop Revenue Election
Creators: name: Olson, Kent
name: DalSanto, Matt
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Agricultural Finance
Crop Production/Industries

description: The Average Crop Revenue Election (ACRE) program is a new, optional safety net for farmers provided by Congress in the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (commonly called the farm bill). The ACRE program is available starting with the 2009 crop year as an alternative to receiving countercyclical payments. ACRE is based on changes in crop revenue; counter-cyclical payments (CCP) are based only on changes in crop prices. Direct payments (DPs) and loan deficiency payments (LDPs) will remain in both programs.
description: Seventeenth International Farm Management Congress, Illinois State University, USA, July 19-24, 2009
Thermodynamic pathways to genome spatial organization in the cell nucleus
Creators: name: Nicodemi, Mario
name: Prisco, Antonella
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The architecture of the eukaryotic genome is characterized by a high degree of spatial organization. Chromosomes occupy preferred territories correlated to their state of activity and, yet, displace their genes to interact with remote sites in complex patterns requiring the orchestration of a huge number of DNA loci and molecular regulators. Far from random, this organization serves crucial functional purposes, but its governing principles remain elusive. By computer simulations of a Statistical Mechanics model, we show how architectural patterns spontaneously arise from the physical interaction between soluble binding molecules and chromosomes via collective thermodynamics mechanisms. Chromosomes colocalize, loops and territories form and find their relative positions as stable thermodynamic states. These are selected by "thermodynamic switches" which are regulated by concentrations/affinity of soluble mediators and by number/location of their attachment sites along chromosomes. Our "thermodynamic switch model" of nuclear architecture, thus, explains on quantitative grounds how well known cell strategies of upregulation of DNA binding proteins or modification of chromatin structure can dynamically shape the organization of the nucleus.
Iron and Pseudomonas aeruginosa chronic infection
Creators: name: O'May, Che Yanon
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: Pseudomonas aeruginosa forms untreatable infections within the hypoxic mucus of the cystic fibrosis (CF) lung. This organism persists because it grows as aggregates of bacteria called biofilms. As iron is essential for bacterial growth, this thesis used in vitro biofilm models to investigate whether targeting iron with chelators can prevent and/or help to eradicate P. aeruginosa biofilm growth and therefore be a potential therapy. Given that P. aeruginosa infections can occur in low-oxygen regions of the CF lung, assays were conducted under both aerobic and anaerobic atmospheres. Previous published studies had focused on the standard laboratory strain PAOl under aerobic conditions. Therefore, the initial part of this thesis characterised biofilm development by clinical CF isolates, strain PAOl and other non-CF isolates under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The CF isolates overall displayed a reduced ability to form biofilms in short-term biofilm models. In comparison to non-CF isolates, CF isolates also had slower growth rates, exhibited decreased adherence to glass, and decreased motilities (swimming, swarming and twitching). These characteristics were markedly accentuated by anaerobic growth conditions and the findings overall are consistent with the theory that P. aeruginosa exhibits a biofilm growth mode in the CF lung. Moreover, the CF strain phenotypes were not readily reversed by culture manipulations designed to encourage planktonic growth. Incubation of CF isolates in the longer-term continuous-culture flow-through system, where biofilms were followed for one week rather than one day, revealed that they exhibited biofilm differentiation process similar to those reported for strain PAOl. Therefore, results gained from studies of strain PAOl have clinical relevance. Hence, this strain was used in subsequent chapters to investigate the effects of iron on biofilm development. A range of iron-binding compounds impaired biofilm formation under both aerobic and anaerobic atmospheres. Chelators were most effective under anaerobic conditions, ~here they completely prevented biofilm development. This impairment correlated with reducing iron availability. Addition of the iron chelator 2,2' -dipyridyl (2DP) to mature anaerobic biofilm could cause some eradication of the biofilm and also enhance the ability of antibiotic tobramycin to kill bacteria within the biofilm. In conclusion, it is likely that targeting iron will be of clinical benefit in CF individuals. It will be most beneficial if used early and often to prevent the initial growth and transformation of P. aeruginosa into a biofilm.
High Temperature Multiferroic State in RBaCuFeO5 (R= Y, Lu and Tm)
Creators: name: Kawamura, Yuji
name: Kai, Takahiro
name: Satomi, Erika
name: Yasui, Yukio
name: Kobayashi, Yoshiaki
name: Sato, Masatoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic and/or dielectric behaviors have been studied for YBaCuFeO5, LuBaCuFeO5 and TmBaCuFeO5, which are known as members of oxygen-defect ordered perovskite systems RBaCuFeO5 (R=lanthanides Ln and other trivalent elements) and have two magnetic transitions: The magnetic structure of the high temperature(T) ordered phase is basically antiferromagnetic, and with decreasing T, a modulated magnetic component superposed on the antiferromagnetic moments appears at the second transition, where the ferroelectricity also appears (multiferroic). Here, we have found that all the systems studied here exhibit multiferroic behavior in the low T phase, and that TmBaCuFeO5 becomes multiferroic at a temperature as high as the melting point of ice, which is, to our knowledge, the highest value ever found in zero magnetic field.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, submitted to J. Phys. Soc. Jpn
Prediction of cardiovascular markers and diseases using retinal fundus images and deep learning: a systematic scoping review protocol
Creators: name: Li, Livie Yumeng
name: Isaksen, Anders Aasted
name: Lebiecka-Johansen, Benjamin
name: Funck, Kristian L.
name: Thambawita, Vajira
name: Byberg, Stine
name: Andersen, Tue Helms
name: Nørgaard, Ole
name: Hulman, Adam
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 320101
subject: Cardiology (incl. cardiovascular diseases)
classificationCode: 460299
subject: Artificial intelligence not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 320299
subject: Clinical sciences not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 321299
subject: Ophthalmology and optometry not elsewhere classified

description: The document is the protocol of a scoping review.Objective:The objective of this scoping review is to identify and characterize studies using retinal fundus images and deep learning to predict cardiovascular risk (including risk markers and hard endpoints).Introduction:Cardiovascular risk prediction models or risk scores based on sociodemographic factors and simple clinical measurements have received significant attention from the medical research community. With rapid development in deep learning for image analysis in the last decade and given the well-known association between micro- and macrovascular complications, some recent studies focused on the prediction of cardiovascular risk markers and diseases using retinal fundus images.Inclusion criteria:We will include studies published in the medical literature that used deep learning for the analysis of retinal fundus images to predict cardiovascular risk markers or cardiovascular diseases (prevalent or incident). According to our definition, risk markers do not include all risk factors merely associated with cardiovascular risk (e.g. age, sex), but those measurements that are directly derived from the cardiovascular system (e.g. blood pressure, coronary artery calcification, intima-media thickness, etc). Studies that only use pre-defined characteristics of retinal fundus images (e.g. tortuosity, fractal dimension) will not be considered.Methods:We searched MEDLINE and Embase for peer-reviewed articles (original articles and brief reports) on 17 November 2023. Abstracts will be screened by at least two independent reviewers. Study characteristics (both clinical and methodological) will be extracted by the first author (LYL) using a data extraction form and verified by the senior author (AH). Results will be presented using descriptive statistics.
Non-Strange Meson Production with Hadronic Probes
Creators: name: Hanhart, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent progress in the field of meson production in hadron collisions is presented. Special emphasis is put new developments in the application of effective field theory methods to pion production, but also theoretical concepts for two-pion, eta, and vector-meson production will be presented.
description: Invited talk at the '7th International Conference on Nuclear Physics at Storage Rings' (STORI'08); in revised version: Text unchanged; references corrected
High energy emission from AGN cocoons in clusters of galaxies
Creators: name: Kino, M.
name: Kawakatu, N.
name: Ito, H.
name: Nagai, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gamma-ray emission from cocoons of young radio galaxies is predicted. Considering the process of adiabatic injection of the shock dissipation energy and mass of the relativistic jet into the cocoon, we find that the thermal electron temperature of the cocoon is typically predicted to be of the order of $\sim$ MeV, and is determined only by the bulk Lorentz factor of the jet. Together with the time-dependent dynamics of the cocoon expansion, we find that young cocoons can yield thermal Bremsstrahlung emissions at energies $\sim$MeV. Hotter cocoons (i.e., GeV) for younger sources are also discussed.
description: 5 pages and 3 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomische Nachrichten (issue dedicated to the Proceedings of "The 4th Workshop on Compact Steep Spectrum and GHz-Peaked Spectrum Radio Sources" held at Riccione, Italy, 26-29 May 2008)
Normal-State Spin Dynamics and Temperature-Dependent Spin Resonance Energy in an Optimally Doped Iron Arsenide Superconductor
Creators: name: Inosov, D. S.
name: Park, J. T.
name: Bourges, P.
name: Sun, D. L.
name: Sidis, Y.
name: Schneidewind, A.
name: Hradil, K.
name: Haug, D.
name: Lin, C. T.
name: Keimer, B.
name: Hinkov, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The proximity of superconductivity and antiferromagnetism in the phase diagram of iron arsenides, the apparently weak electron-phonon coupling and the "resonance peak" in the superconducting spin excitation spectrum have fostered the hypothesis of magnetically mediated Cooper pairing. However, since most theories of superconductivity are based on a pairing boson of sufficient spectral weight in the normal state, detailed knowledge of the spin excitation spectrum above the superconducting transition temperature Tc is required to assess the viability of this hypothesis. Using inelastic neutron scattering we have studied the spin excitations in optimally doped BaFe1.85Co0.15As2 (Tc = 25 K) over a wide range of temperatures and energies. We present the results in absolute units and find that the normal state spectrum carries a weight comparable to underdoped cuprates. In contrast to cuprates, however, the spectrum agrees well with predictions of the theory of nearly antiferromagnetic metals, without complications arising from a pseudogap or competing incommensurate spin-modulated phases. We also show that the temperature evolution of the resonance energy follows the superconducting energy gap, as expected from conventional Fermi-liquid approaches. Our observations point to a surprisingly simple theoretical description of the spin dynamics in the iron arsenides and provide a solid foundation for models of magnetically mediated superconductivity.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, and an animation
Disinfection, sterilization, and antisepsis: An overview
Creators: name: Rutala, W.A.
name: Weber, D.J.
Publisher: name: Mosby Inc.
Year: 2019

description: All invasive procedures involve contact by a medical device or surgical instrument with a patient's sterile tissue or mucous membranes. The level of disinfection or sterilization is dependent on the intended use of the object. Critical (items that contact sterile tissue, such as surgical instruments), semicritical (items that contact mucous membranes, such as endoscopes), and noncritical (devices that contact only intact skin, such as stethoscopes) items require sterilization, high-level disinfection, and low-level disinfection, respectively. Cleaning must always precede high-level disinfection and sterilization. Antiseptics are essential to infection prevention as part of a hand hygiene program, as well as other uses, such as surgical hand antisepsis and preoperative skin preparation.
PR - Handling Risk In A Farm Business Plan
Creators: name: Brown, William J.
name: Painter, Marv
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Agribusiness
Risk and Uncertainty

description: This paper deals with the problem of assessing the risks involved in a business plan. Business plans are popular for summarizing and assessing the potential performance of a new or existing business. They present a plan for the businessâ€™s operations, human resources, marketing and financial performance. The financial performance in particular can be difficult to assess. Many think the financial plan should be very precise and try to predict what will happen financially in the future. This is next to impossible to accomplish. A more realistic approach is to plan for the future using reasonable estimates of what is most likely going to happen. Once this reasonable financial plan has been completed, the task moves to the search and control of the risks associated with the business. The two main sources of risk are; first, the risks stemming from the inherent nature of the business and the industry it is in (business risk) and second, how, and to what extent the business is financed by debt capital (financial risk). The next step requires searching for and discovering what the few critical variables are in a business plan, their impact on the financial performance of the business, how they can be controlled and if uncontrollable, developing contingency plans.
description: Seventeenth International Farm Management Congress, Illinois State University, USA, July 19-24, 2009
Magnetohydrodynamic Waves in a Partially Ionized Filament Thread
Creators: name: Soler, R.
name: Oliver, R.
name: Ballester, J. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Oscillations and propagating waves are commonly seen in high-resolution observations of filament threads, i.e., the fine-structures of solar filaments/prominences. Since the temperature of prominences is typically of the order of 10^4 K, the prominence plasma is only partially ionized. In this paper, we study the effect of neutrals on the wave propagation in a filament thread modeled as a partially ionized homogeneous magnetic flux tube embedded in an homogeneous and fully ionized coronal plasma. Ohmic and ambipolar magnetic diffusion are considered in the basic resistive MHD equations. We numerically compute the eigenfrequencies of kink, slow, and Alfven linear MHD modes, and obtain analytical approximations in some cases. We find that the existence of propagating modes is constrained by the presence of critical values of the longitudinal wavenumber. In particular, the lower and upper frequency cut-offs of kink and Alfven waves owe their existence to magnetic diffusion parallel and perpendicular to magnetic field lines, respectively. The slow mode only has a lower frequency cut-off, which is caused by perpendicular magnetic diffusion and is significantly affected by the ionization degree. In addition, ion-neutral collisions is the most efficient damping mechanism for short wavelengths while ohmic diffusion dominates in the long-wavelength regime.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Collapse of the hyperfine magnetic field at the Ru site in ferromagnetic rare earth intermetallics
Creators: name: Coffey, D.
name: DeMarco, M.
name: Ho, P. C.
name: Maple, M. B.
name: Sayles, T.
name: Lynn, J. W.
name: Huang, Q.
name: Toorongian, S.
name: Haka, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Mössbauer Effect(ME) is frequently used to investigate magnetically ordered systems. One usually assumes that the magnetic order induces a hyperfine magnetic field, $B_{hyperfine}$, at the ME active site. This is the case in the ruthenates, where the temperature dependence of $B_{hyperfine}$ at $^{99}$Ru sites tracks the temperature dependence of the ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic order. However this does not happen in the rare-earth intermetallics, GdRu$_2$ and HoRu$_2$. Specific heat, magnetization, magnetic susceptibility, Mössbauer effect, and neutron diffraction have been used to study the nature of the magnetic order in these materials. Both materials are found to order ferromagnetically at 82.3 and 15.3 K, respectively. Despite the ferromagnetic order of the rare earth moments in both systems, there is no evidence of a correspondingly large $B_{hyperfine}$ in the Mössbauer spectrum at the Ru site. Instead the measured spectra consist of a narrow peak at all temperatures which points to the absence of magnetic order. To understand the surprising absence of a transferred hyperfine magnetic field, we carried out {\it ab initio} calculations which show that spin polarization is present only on the rare-earth site. The electron spin at the Ru sites is effectively unpolarized and, as a result, $B_{hyperfine}$ is very small at those sites. This occurs because the 4$d$ Ru electrons form broad conduction bands rather than localized moments. These 4$d$ conduction bands are polarized in the region of the Fermi energy and mediate the interaction between the localized rare earth moments.
description: 34 pages -Revtex + 17 ps figures
Use of germicides in health care settings—is there a relationship between germicide use and antimicrobial resistance: A concise review
Creators: name: Weber, D.J.
name: Rutala, W.A.
name: Sickbert-Bennett, E.E.
Publisher: name: Mosby Inc.
Year: 2019

description: Despite the widespread use of disinfectants and antiseptics in hospitals, acquired resistance to current disinfectants has rarely been reported. Germicides, as with medications, should only be used when their benefit as demonstrated by scientific studies exceeds possible risks to human health or the environment.
Planetesimal collisions in binary systems
Creators: name: Paardekooper, S. -J.
name: Leinhardt, Z. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the collisional evolution of km-sized planetesimals in tight binary star systems to investigate whether accretion towards protoplanets can proceed despite the strong gravitational perturbations from the secondary star. The orbits of planetesimals are numerically integrated in two dimensions under the influence of the two stars and gas drag. The masses and orbits of the planetesimals are allowed to evolve due to collisions with other planetesimals and accretion of collisional debris. In addition, the mass in debris can evolve due to planetesimal-planetesimal collisions and the creation of new planetesimals. We show that it is possible in principle for km-sized planetesimals to grow by two orders of magnitude in size if the efficiency of planetesimal formation is relatively low. We discuss the limitations of our two-dimensional approach.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
A noise-driven attractor switching device
Creators: name: Asakawa, Naoki
name: Hotta, Yasushi
name: Kanki, Teruo
name: Tabata, Hitoshi
name: Kawai, Tomoji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Problems with artificial neural networks originate from their deterministic nature and inevitable prior learnings, resulting in inadequate adaptability against unpredictable, abrupt environmental change. Here we show that a stochastically excitable threshold unit can be utilized by these systems to partially overcome the environmental change. Using an excitable threshold system, attractors were created that represent quasi-equilibrium states into which a system settles until disrupted by environmental change. Furthermore, noise-driven attractor stabilization and switching were embodied by inhibitory connections. Noise works as a power source to stabilize and switch attractors, and endows the system with hysteresis behavior that resembles that of stereopsis and binocular rivalry in the human visual cortex. A canonical model of the ring network with inhibitory connections composed of class 1 neurons also shows properties that are similar to the simple threshold system.
description: 9 pages, 2 tables, and 6 figures. will appear in Phy.Rev.E, vol.79, issue 1
Data Quality Monitoring of the CMS Silicon Strip Tracker Detector
Creators: name: Benucci, Leonardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Physics and Data Quality Monitoring (DQM) framework aims at providing a homogeneous monitoring environment across various applications related to data taking at the CMS experiment. In this contribution, the DQM system for the Silicon Strip Tracker will be introduced. The set of elements to assess the status of detector will be mentioned, along with the way to identify problems and trace them to specific tracker elements. Monitoring tools, user interfaces and automated software will be briefly described. The system was used during extensive cosmic data taking of CMS in Autumn 2008, where it demonstrated to have a flexible and robust implementation and has been essential to improve the understanding of the detector. CMS collaboration believes that this tool is now mature to face the forthcoming data-taking era.
description: 2 pages, 3 figures. Proceeding from Frontier Detectors for Frontier Physics - 24-30 May 2009 La Biodola, Isola d'Elba, Italy
THE CONCEPT OF SCHOOLING: NURTURING MINDS, SHAPING FUTURES
Creators: name: Karimova, M.M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The author delves into structural components such as curriculum, pedagogy, and assessment, providing a nuanced understanding of how these elements contribute to the educational framework. The piece highlights the diverse nature of educational systems globally, shedding light on variations influenced by cultural, economic, and political factors. Challenges facing traditional schooling, including issues of inequality and outdated curricula, are addressed alongside innovative solutions such as online learning and personalized education models. The article emphasizes the broader impact of schooling on social and cognitive development, underlining its role in fostering well-rounded individuals capable of navigating a globalized world. Overall, it provides a thorough exploration of the historical, structural, and societal dimensions of schooling, offering valuable insights into the complexities and opportunities within the realm of education.
Foraging strategy of the black oystercatcher
Creators: name: Hartwick, Earl Brian
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The study was concerned with the foraging strategies of animals and, in particular, with a recent model of optimal foraging proposed by Royama in 1970. The black oyster-catcher Haematopus bachmani Audubon was chosen as a study animal because it foraged in an open habitat where it was possible to observe both the hunting of the adult and the feeding of the young. Low survival rates resulting from predation and drowning indicated that efficiency in feeding would have survival value. A natural history study revealed that the birds moved their chicks to the feeding area. Thus the model was examined under three different feeding contexts, (1) adult feeding, (2) feeding of chicks at the nest, (3) feeding of chicks at the feeding area. Interactions with gulls prevented the movement of some chicks to the feeding area and the effects of this on the foraging of the parents were recorded. The feeding area was studied in some detail and a natural zonation typical of rocky shore habitats was found to exist. Shore-level size gradients were found in many of the species. The birds exhibited a number of different hunting modes on the feeding area and a tendency to select larger than average sized prey items. Values were obtained for the parameters of Royama's model, including handling time, average weight of prey, rate of successful search and prey density. Profitabilities were calculated for some prey in the three feeding situations. The most profitable food items were mussels when they were vulnerable. A study of the diet indicated that mussels formed the greatest part of the diet in terms of weight. This more profitable food item occurred even more frequently in the diet of chicks at the nest. The adults carried large items to the chicks while feeding on smaller items themselves. When chicks were moved to the feeding area, small items previously lacking in their diet suddenly appeared quite frequently. Risks not considered in the model are thought to account for this. Crabs which appeared in the diet only when chicks were present may play a special role in the diet, although an explanation in terms of profitabilities may also be reasonable. In the situation where chicks remained isolated from the feeding area, mussels formed an increasing percentage of the diet of the chicks. A number of different responses to potential prey were recorded during the study. The effects of prey size and encounter rate were examined experimentally. The birds showed a rapid conditioning to large prey with specific searches being carried out after only one contact. The specific search continued in spite of a high encounter rate with smaller prey. The need for a joint interest in strategies and tactics was discussed. The study illustrated the advantage of carefully choosing a study animal in order to test and ultimately improve models advanced by theoreticians.
Alkaloids of Athrotaxis species
Creators: name: Panichanun, S
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: A detailed phytochemical examination of the alkaloid content of three species of the family Taxodiaceae, Athrotaxis cupressoides D. Don, Athrotaxis selaginoides D. Don, and Athrotaxis laxifolia Hook has been undertaken. A total of twelve alkaloids were isolated; the alkaloids proved to have structures of the homoerythrina type, and included five known bases previously isolated from other plants. Spectroscopic and chemical evidence for the structures of the seven new alkaloids are presented in Chapter II. The synthesis of the homoerythrina alkaloid skeleton has been attempted by two different approaches as presented in Chapter III, and the work done on homoerythrina alkaloids has been briefly reviewed in Chapter I. Discaria toumatou and Discaria pubescens, members of the family Rhamnaceae, have been investigated. The alkaloids present were found to have the benzylisoquinoline type of structure, and the results appear in Chapter IV. A preliminary investigation of Hypserpa veillardii, a species of the family Menispermaceae, has been made, and the results appear in Chapter V. The known bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid limacine was the only base to be isolated.
New and emerging infectious diseases (Ebola, Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, Candida auris): Focus on environmental survival and germicide susceptibility
Creators: name: Rutala, W.A.
name: Kanamori, H.
name: Weber, D.J.
name: Sickbert-Bennett, E.E.
Publisher: name: Mosby Inc.
Year: 2019

description: In the recent past, we have witnessed the emergence of many
new infectious diseases, some of which are major public health
threats. The public health threats posed by emerging diseases
have been well described in 2 reports from the Institute of Medicine,
1 in 1992 and 1 in 2001.1,2 Since the outbreak of Legionella
in 19763,4 and AIDS in 19815,6 later demonstrated to be due to
HIV in 1983,7 many emerging infectious diseases have had important
infection control implications. This review will focus on several
of the most important current infection prevention threats
including Ebola virus, Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome
(MERS) coronavirus (CoV), carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae
(CRE), and Candida auris with a focus on mechanisms of
transmission, environmental contamination and stability, and germicide
susceptibility. Germicides that will be discussed include
chemical sterilants used to process critical equipment and devices
(eg, surgical instruments, implants), high-level disinfectants that
are used to disinfect semicritical equipment and devices (ie, medical
equipment or devices that come into contact with nonintact
skin or mucous membranes), low-level disinfectants used for disinfection
of surfaces or shared equipment that come into contact
with intact skin (eg, blood pressure cuffs, room surfaces), and
antiseptics (ie, germicides used on skin or mucous membranes to
reduce the microbial flora).8,9 This review updates a previous article
that reviewed Ebola and MERS and also reviews CRE and
C auris.
On the Equilibrium Locus of a Parameterized Dynamical System with Independent First Integrals
Creators: name: Kaminski, Yirmeyahu
name: Lochak, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53B15, 53C05, 53Z05, 53Z10

description: For a family of dynamical systems with $k > 0$ independent first integrals evolving in a compact region of an Euclidean space, we study the equilibrium locus. We show that under mild and generic conditions, it is a smooth manifold that can be viewed as the total space of a certain fiber bundle and that this bundle comes equipped with a natural connection. We then proceed to show parallel transport for this connection does exist and explore some of its properties. In particular, we elucidate how one can to some extent measure the variation of the system eigenvalues restricted to a given fiber.
Accretion in Evolved and Transitional Disks in Cep OB2: Looking for the Origin of the Inner Holes
Creators: name: Sicilia-Aguilar, Aurora
name: Henning, Thomas
name: Hartmann, Lee
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present accretion rates for a large number of solar-type stars in the Cep OB2 region, based on U band observations. Our study comprises 95 members of the ~4 Myr-old cluster Tr 37 (including 20 "transition" objects; TO), as well as the only CTTS in the ~12 Myr-old cluster NGC 7160. The stars show different disk morphologies, with the majority of them having evolved and flattened disks. The typical accretion rates are about one order of magnitude lower than in regions aged 1-2 Myr, and we find no strong correlation between disk morphology and accretion rates. Although half of the TO are not accreting, the median accretion rates of normal CTTS and accreting "transition" disks are similar (~3 10^{-9} and 2 10^{-9} Msun/yr, respectively). Comparison with other regions suggests that the TO observed at different ages do not necessarily represent the same type of objects, which is consistent with the fact that the different processes that can lead to reduced IR excess/inner disk clearing (e.g., binarity, dust coagulation/settling, photoevaporation, giant planet formation) do not operate on the same timescales. Accreting TO in Tr 37 are probably suffering strong dust coagulation/settling. Regarding the equally large number of non-accreting TO in the region, other processes, like photoevaporation, the presence of stellar/substellar companions, and/or giant planet formation may account for their "transitional" SEDs and negligible accretion rates.
description: 37 pages, 5 figures, 6 tables Accepted by ApJ
Polaron relaxation and hopping conductivity in LaMn$_{1-x}$Fe$_{x}$O$_3$
Creators: name: Karmakar, A.
name: Majumdar, S.
name: Giri, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dc and ac transport properties as well as electric modulus spectra have been investigated for the samples LaMn$_{1-x}$Fe$_{x}$O$_3$ with compositions 0 $\leq x \leq$ 1.0. The bulk dc resistivity shows a temperature variation consistent with the variable range hopping mechanism at low temperature and Arrhenius mechanism at high temperatures. The ac conductivity has been found to follow a power law behavior at a limited temperature and frequency region where Anderson-localization plays a significant role in the transport mechanism for all the compositions. At low temperatures large dc resistivities and dielectric relaxation behavior for all the compositions are consistent with the polaronic nature of the charge carriers. Scaling of the modulus spectra shows that the charge transport dynamics is independent of temperature for a particular composition but depends strongly on different compositions possibly due to different charge carrier concentrations and structural properties.
description: 9 figures
On the complete analytic structure of the massive gravitino propagator in four-dimensional de Sitter space
Creators: name: Esposito, Giampiero
name: Roychowdhury, Raju
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the help of the general theory of the Heun equation, this paper completes previous work by the authors and other groups on the explicit representation of the massive gravitino propagator in four-dimensional de Sitter space. As a result of our original contribution, all weight functions which multiply the geometric invariants in the gravitino propagator are expressed through Heun functions, and the resulting plots are displayed and discussed after resorting to a suitable truncation in the series expansion of the Heun function. It turns out that there exist two ranges of values of the independent variable in which the weight functions can be divided into dominating and sub-dominating family.
description: 21 pages, 9 figures. The presentation has been further improved
Cooperative Dynamics of an Artificial Stochastic Resonant System
Creators: name: Hotta, Yasushi
name: Kanki, Teruo
name: Asakawa, Naoki
name: Tabata, Hitoshi
name: Kawai, Tomoji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We have investigated cooperative dynamics of an artificial stochastic resonant system, which is a recurrent ring connection of neuron-like signal transducers (NST) based on stochastic resonance (SR), using electronic circuit experiments. The ring showed quasi-periodic, tunable oscillation driven by only noise. An oscillation coherently amplified by noise demonstrated that SR may lead to unusual oscillation features. Furthermore, we found that the ring showed synchronized oscillation in a chain network composed of multiple rings. Our results suggest that basic functions (oscillation and synchronization) that may be used in the central pattern generator of biological system are induced by collective integration of the NST element.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
What's new in reprocessing endoscopes: Are we going to ensure “the needs of the patient come first” by shifting from disinfection to sterilization?
Creators: name: Sickbert-Bennett, E.E.
name: Weber, D.J.
name: Rutala, W.A.
name: Kanamori, H.
Publisher: name: Mosby Inc.
Year: 2019

description: Millions of gastrointestinal endoscopes are performed each year in the United States. Gastrointestinal endoscopes become highly contaminated during use (ie, internal channels contain 7-10-log10 enteric microorganisms). Currently, endoscopes (eg, bronchoscopes and gastrointestinal endoscopes) are classified as semicritical items because they contact intact mucous membranes and most commonly undergo cleaning followed by high-level disinfection, which may result in as little as a 6 -log10 reduction of microorganisms. Therefore, and not surprisingly, in recent years there have been multiple reports that have documented that endoscopes, especially duodenoscopes, frequently remain contaminated with bacterial pathogens after proper cleaning and disinfection. Multiple outbreaks of multidrug-resistant organisms from contaminated duodenoscopes have resulted in substantial death and morbidity. Because duodenoscopes commonly contact nonintact mucous membranes and sterile tissue, such endoscopes should be considered critical items. We propose that to ensure patient safety, we follow the Spaulding scheme and move from high-level disinfection to sterilization of reusable endoscopes or use an alternative diagnostic/therapeutic method (eg, disposable sterile endoscopes).
PR - How Much Is A Kilogram Of Nitrogen Worth?
Creators: name: Farquharson, R.J.
name: Malcolm, B.
name: Chen, D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Farm management economics
subject: nitrogen
subject: fertiliser

description: Economic information is important for Australian wheat growers when making fertiliser decisions, because urea and grain prices have been changing in recent years. Existing Australian approaches to developing fertiliser recommendations fail to account for economic factors. A new approach to making fertiliser decisions is illustrated in this paper, which accounts for the patterns of crop response as fertiliser is added, and for associated marginal benefits and costs. This decision framework develops information to find the best level of nitrogen fertility to meet the profit objective and allows growers to set a target rate of return that their nitrogen investments might be required to meet, while accounting for factors such as soil moisture at sowing and uncertain in-crop rainfall. It could be used in a new approach to providing decision support to wheat growers about making nitrogen decisions in the Australian cropping zone, and a proposal for further research is outlined.
description: Seventeenth International Farm Management Congress, Illinois State University, USA, July 19-24, 2009
Universal Spectra of Coherent Atoms in a Recurrent Random Walk
Creators: name: Pugatch, R.
name: Firstenberg, O.
name: Shuker, M.
name: Davidson, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The probability of a random walker to return to its starting point in dimensions one and two is unity, a theorem first proven by G. Polya. The recurrence probability -- the probability to be found at the origin at a time t, is a power law with a critical exponent d/2 in dimensions d=1,2. We report an experiment that directly measures the Laplace transform of the recurrence probability in one dimension using Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) of coherent atoms diffusing in a vapor-cell filled with buffer gas. We find a regime where the limiting form of the complex EIT spectrum is universal and only depends on the effective dimensionality in which the random recurrence takes place. In an effective one-dimensional diffusion setting, the measured spectrum exhibits power law dependence over two decades in the frequency domain with a critical exponent of 0.56 close to the expected value 0.5. Possible extensions to more elaborate diffusion schemes are briefly discussed.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures