cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
An Interview with Professor Antony Kunnan
Creators: name: Fagan, Drew S.
name: Wai Man Lew, Adrienne
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Applied linguistics
Language and languages--Ability testing--Research
Educational tests and measurements--Research

description: The Web Journal Editorial Board (represented by Drew Fagan and Adrienne Wai Man Lew) had the pleasure to meet with Professor Antony Kunnan, the guest speaker of the 2010 APPLE Colloquium and Lecture, for a most in-depth discussion revolving his specialties: language testing.

Professor Kunnan is a prominent figure in language assessment. He has published widely in the field, most recently on the topic of test fairness and on assessment issues related to citizenship and immigration. Professor Kunnan is the editor of Language Assessment Quarterly, and a former President of the International Association of Language Testing.

At the end of the interview, Prof. Kunnan was thoughtful enough to have recommended several relevant book / journal titles for our further reading. To view the recommendation items, please see below.

We would like to thank Professor Kunnan for agreeing to speak with us amid his hectic schedule on the day of the Lecture. We would also like to thank Professor Jim Purpura and Catherine Box, Program Associate for Applied Linguistics, for coordinating the event. Last but not least, we would like to show our appreciation to our fellow Editorial Board member, Christos Theodoropulos, for his great ideas with regard to the interview questions.
Random Sequential Renormalization of Networks I: Application to Critical Trees
Creators: name: Bizhani, Golnoosh
name: Sood, Vishal
name: Paczuski, Maya
name: Grassberger, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce the concept of Random Sequential Renormalization (RSR) for arbitrary networks. RSR is a graph renormalization procedure that locally aggregates nodes to produce a coarse grained network. It is analogous to the (quasi-)parallel renormalization schemes introduced by C. Song {\it et al.} (Nature {\bf 433}, 392 (2005)) and studied more recently by F. Radicchi {\it et al.} (Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 101}, 148701 (2008)), but much simpler and easier to implement. In this first paper we apply RSR to critical trees and derive analytical results consistent with numerical simulations. Critical trees exhibit three regimes in their evolution under RSR: (i) An initial regime $N_0^ν\lesssim N
Dark Energy
Creators: name: Li, Miao
name: Li, Xiao-Dong
name: Wang, Shuang
name: Wang, Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the problem of dark energy, including a survey of theoretical models and some aspects of numerical studies.
description: 185 pages, 29 figures, 8 tables, more references added. We will continue to update this article, comments and suggestions are welcome
title: Unravelling Time: The Process of Closure in Short-Term International Development Missions in Kosovo
Creators: name: Stephens, Virginia
Publisher: name: Goldsmiths, University of London
Year: 2018

description: This thesis is about the influence of time on everyday development practice in short-term temporary international development missions, and seeks to explore what that means for our understanding of development organisations and their everyday operational practices.

Interdisciplinary in nature, this study draws upon ethnographic fieldwork of EULEX, a short-term European Union civilian mission deployed to Kosovo, and brings together sociological theories of time, organisational closure and development. I start from the premise that development practice is about working oneself out of a job; once a development organisation has achieved its goals and objectives there should, in theory, no longer be a need for it, and the organisation can close and withdraw from a host country. In this sense, if the ordering principle of a mission becomes about its very end – symbolized by what I term its ‘closure’ – the influencing role of time becomes ever more important to examine, particularly when that mission is indented to be short-term and temporary.

While I show that closure is integral to structuring and ordering development’s everyday working relations and activities, my aim is to cluster together sociological research about time, and recent advances made on the everyday of the development worker to render visible the processes of time in international development that perpetuate particular ways of ‘doing’ development. The underlying claim is that whilst ‘closure’ encourages different activities and rhythms of time, it also creates a dynamic temporal framework within which the everyday is constantly created and recreated.
Coherent optical control of the spin of a single hole in a quantum dot
Creators: name: Godden, T. M.
name: Quilter, J. H.
name: Ramsay, A. J.
name: Wu, Yanwen
name: Brereton, P.
name: Boyle, S. J.
name: Luxmoore, I. J.
name: Puebla-Nunez, J.
name: Fox, A. M.
name: Skolnick, M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate coherent optical control of a single hole spin confined to an InAs/GaAs quantum dot. A superposition of hole spin states is created by fast (10-100 ps) dissociation of a spin-polarized electron-hole pair. Full control of the hole-spin is achieved by combining coherent rotations about two axes: Larmor precession of the hole-spin about an external Voigt geometry magnetic field, and rotation about the optical-axis due to the geometric phase shift induced by a picosecond laser pulse resonant with the hole-trion transition.
description: 6 pages, 3 figs, include supplement, final version
Associations between self-reported diet during treatment and chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in a cooperative group trial (S0221)
Creators: name: Mongiovi, Jennifer M.
name: Zirpoli, Gary R.
name: Cannioto, Rikki
name: Sucheston-Campbell, Lara E.
name: Hershman, Dawn L.
name: Unger, Joseph M.
name: Moore, Halle C. F.
name: Stewart, James A.
name: Isaacs, Claudine
name: Hobday, Timothy J.
name: Salim, Muhammad
name: Hortobagyi, Gabriel N.
name: Gralow, Julie R.
name: Thomas Budd, G.
name: Albain, Kathy S.
name: Ambrosone, Christine B.
name: McCann, Susan E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Nerves, Peripheral--Diseases
Cancer--Pathophysiology
Cancer--Diet therapy
Oncology

description: Background
The pathophysiology of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is not well understood. Currently, dose reduction is the only recommendation for alleviating symptoms, often leading to premature treatment cessation. The primary aim of this analysis was to determine the association between components of diet during taxane treatment for breast cancer and change in CIPN symptoms over treatment.

Methods
Women with stage II or III invasive breast cancer were enrolled into an ancillary study to the North American Breast Cancer Intergroup phase III trial (S0221) led by the Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG). Questionnaires including a food frequency questionnaire and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Treatment Gynecologic Oncology Group—Neurotoxicity were administered to assess diet and neuropathic conditions at baseline and during chemotherapy. Ordinal regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for associations between various food groups and change in neuropathy score ( 30%) (n = 900).

Results
The odds of worse neuropathy decreased by 21% for each increase in tertile of grain consumption (OR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.66–0.94, p = 0.009). We also observed a nominal 19% increase with higher consumption of citrus fruits (OR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.01–1.40, p = 0.05).

Conclusions
Distinguishing between those who experienced a moderate and a severe change in neuropathy, we found that citrus fruit and grain consumption may play a role in the severity of symptoms. Since there are no existing dietary recommendations for the management of CIPN, further research is needed to investigate whether there may be certain foods that could worsen or alleviate neuropathy symptoms associated with treatment for breast cancer.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03413761. Registered retrospectively on 29 January 2018.
At the Borderlands: The Experiences of Latinx Gay Engineers
Creators: name: Rodriguez-Simmonds, Hector E
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: Engineering education

description: We all embody various intersecting visible and non-visible social identities. Those intersecting identities can place some individuals at the margins or borderlands of their other identities, causing dissonance and perhaps threatening their sense of belonging to a community. Compounding potential identity dissonances, a learner finding their fit in engineering will likely face engineering attributes such as meritocracy, heteronormativity, and a climate that prioritizes technical feats and dismisses social phenomena as outside the scope of engineering. These interactions can negatively impact their belonging, persistence, and degree completion.
 However, completing an arduous engineering degree at the intersection of multiple minoritized identities is feasible. In my dissertation, I use three studies to investigate how gay Latinx engineers navigate the borderlands of their intersecting identities. Along the way, I explore how they bridge the borderlands between those and their engineering identities as I examine how they manifest and leverage their assets at this identity intersection. Initial findings suggest that learners at the borderlands of multiple minoritized identities are keenly aware of social identities and cope by leveraging some of their powerful identities (i.e., masculinity, math, and science identities) to increase their sense of belongingness, proving they are successful and valuable members of humankind.
Franck-Condon Physics in A Single Trapped Ion
Creators: name: Hu, Y. M.
name: Yang, W. L.
name: Xu, Y. Y.
name: Zhou, F.
name: Chen, L.
name: Gao, Kelin
name: Feng, Mang
name: Lee, Chaohong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose how to explore the Franck-Condon (FC) physics via a single ion confined in a spin-dependent potential, formed by the combination of a Paul trap and a magnetic field gradient. The correlation between electronic and vibrational degrees of freedom, called as electron-vibron coupling, is induced by a nonzero gradient. For a sufficiently strong electron-vibron coupling, the FC blockade of low-lying vibronic transitions takes place. We analyze the feasibility of observing the FC physics in a single trapped ion, and demonstrate various potential applications of the ionic FC physics in quantum state engineering and quantum information processing.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
The apex of the family tree of protocols: Optimal rates and resource inequalities
Creators: name: Datta, Nilanjana
name: Hsieh, Min-Hsiu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We establish bounds on the maximum entanglement gain and minimum quantum communication cost of the Fully Quantum Slepian-Wolf protocol in the one-shot regime, which is considered to be at the apex of the existing family tree in Quantum Information Theory. These quantities, which are expressed in terms of smooth min- and max-entropies, reduce to the known rates of quantum communication cost and entanglement gain in the asymptotic i.i.d. scenario. We also provide an explicit proof of the optimality of these asymptotic rates. We introduce a resource inequality for the one-shot FQSW protocol, which in conjunction with our results, yields achievable one-shot rates of its children protocols. In particular, it yields bounds on the one-shot quantum capacity of a noisy channel in terms of a single entropic quantity, unlike previously bounds. We also obtain an explicit expression for the achievable rate for one-shot state redistribution.
description: 31 pages, 2 figures. Published version
Samara no. 16 [Spanish].
Creators: name: Millennium Seed Bank Project
Publisher: name: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Year: 2009
Subjects: Data transfer
South Africa
Burkina Faso
Capacity building
Australia
Seed banks
Jordan
Cactus Seed Biology Database
Chile
Ex situ conservation
Millennium Seed Bank Project
Malawi
Slovakia
Plant conservation

description: IF = none.
description: Ardingly, West Sussex, UK
An invariant in shock clustering and Burgers turbulence
Creators: name: Srinivasan, Ravi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 60J35, 35R60, 37K10, 35L67, 82C99

description: 1-D scalar conservation laws with convex flux and Markov initial data are now known to yield a completely integrable Hamiltonian system. In this article, we rederive the analogue of Loitsiansky's invariant in hydrodynamic turbulence from the perspective of integrable systems. Other relevant physical notions such as energy dissipation and spectrum are also discussed.
description: 11 pages, no figures; v2: corrections made
A Fidelity Study of the Superconducting Phase Diagram in the 2D Single-band Hubbard Model
Creators: name: Jia, C. J.
name: Moritz, B.
name: Chen, C. -C.
name: Shastry, B. Sriram
name: Devereaux, T. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extensive numerical studies have demonstrated that the two-dimensional single-band Hubbard model contains much of the key physics in cuprate high-temperature superconductors. However, there is no definitive proof that the Hubbard model truly possesses a superconducting ground state or, if it does, of how it depends on model parameters. To answer these longstanding questions, we study an extension of the Hubbard model including an infinite-range d-wave pair field term, which precipitates a superconducting state in the d-wave channel. Using exact diagonalization on 16-site square clusters, we study the evolution of the ground state as a function of the strength of the pairing term. This is achieved by monitoring the fidelity metric of the ground state, as well as determining the ratio between the two largest eigenvalues of the d-wave pair/spin/charge-density matrices. The calculations show a d-wave superconducting ground state in doped clusters bracketed by a strong antiferromagnetic state at half filling controlled by the Coulomb repulsion U and a weak short-range checkerboard charge ordered state at larger hole doping controlled by the next-nearest-neighbor hopping t'. We also demonstrate that negative t' plays an important role in facilitating d-wave superconductivity.
description: 10 pages, 13 figures
Data and tools to integrate climate and environmental information into public health
Creators: name: Ceccato, Pietro
name: Ramirez, Bernadette
name: Manyangadze, Tawanda
name: Gwakisa, Paul
name: Thomson, Madeleine C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Public health
Medicine--Data processing
Climatic changes--Health aspects
Geographic information systems

description: Background
During the last 30 years, the development of geographical information systems and satellites for Earth observation has made important progress in the monitoring of the weather, climate, environmental and anthropogenic factors that influence the reduction or the reemergence of vector-borne diseases. Analyses resulting from the combination of geographical information systems (GIS) and remote sensing have improved knowledge of climatic, environmental, and biodiversity factors influencing vector-borne diseases (VBDs) such as malaria, visceral leishmaniasis, dengue, Rift Valley fever, schistosomiasis, Chagas disease and leptospirosis. These knowledge and products developed using remotely sensed data helped and continue to help decision makers to better allocate limited resources in the fight against VBDs.

Main body
Because VBDs are linked to climate and environment, we present here our experience during the last four years working with the projects under the, World Health Organization (WHO)/ The Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR)-International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Research Initiative on VBDs and Climate Change to integrate climate and environmental information into research and decision-making processes. The following sections present the methodology we have developed, which uses remote sensing to monitor climate variability, environmental conditions, and their impacts on the dynamics of infectious diseases. We then show how remotely sensed data can be accessed and evaluated and how they can be integrated into research and decision-making processes for mapping risks, and creating Early Warning Systems, using two examples from the WHO TDR projects based on schistosomiasis analysis in South Africa and Trypanosomiasis in Tanzania.

Conclusions
The tools presented in this article have been successfully used by the projects under the WHO/TDR-IDRC Research Initiative on VBDs and Climate Change. Combined with capacity building, they are an important piece of work which can significantly contribute to the goals of WHO Global Vector Control Response and to the Sustainable Development Goals especially those on health and climate action.
Knowlton_Thesis_Dilettante_Tattoo.pdf
Creators: name: Knowlton, Kirby Reese
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: Creative writing (incl. scriptwriting)

description: This thesis is a book length collection of poetry. Divided into five sections, the book follows a fractured self as it relates to romantic partnership, friendship, sexual trauma, political identity, and other factors. The first section introduces the different paradigms the speaker spends the rest of the book trying to understand her role within, exploring themes such as the ecstasies and let-downs of friendship, sexuality arrested by trauma and body-image, and anxieties about climate disaster and economic collapse. The second section grounds the speaker’s experience of dissociation in her college years. The third section continues to develop themes from the first two sections with an emphasis on the speaker’s relationship to language and its limitations. The fourth section, the only standalone sequence of poems in the collection, recounts a set of circumstances in which the speaker must reconcile her different factions of self during a crisis. The fifth and final section presents a speaker on the doorstep of acceptance of self, attempting to find stasis.
Reconstruction of Hamiltonians from given time evolutions
Creators: name: Bernatska, J
name: Messina, A
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 22E70, 81R05, 93B15

description: In this paper we propose a systematic method to solve the inverse dynamical problem for a quantum system governed by the von Neumann equation: to find a class of Hamiltonians reproducing a prescribed time evolution of a pure or mixed state of the system. Our approach exploits the equivalence between an action of the group of evolution operators over the state space and an adjoint action of the unitary group over Hermitian matrices. The method is illustrated by two examples involving a pure and a mixed state.
description: 14 pages
3D PRINTING SUPPRESSORFOR SMALL ARMSUSING FUSEDDEPOSITIONMODELING
Creators: name: Sinclair, Richard Collin
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: Computational methods in fluid flow, heat and mass transfer (incl. computational fluid dynamics)
Additive manufacturing

description: Metal 3D printing is the industry standard for manufacturing experimental suppressors due to the limitations of conventional, subtractive machining methods. Long print times, difficulty sintering, and cleaning of metal 3D printed suppressor components limit the development time. Plastic printed components are able to be produced quicker, safer, and at a lower cost than their metal 3D printed counterparts. Reducing the time and cost of manufacturing will allow for an increased pace of innovations in suppressor design.
 Utilizing Finite Element Analysis (FEA) in combination with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) will expedite the process of designing 3D printed plastic suppressors. Solidworks FEA determined the maximum stress applied to the blast chamber of the plastic suppressor. ANSYS Fluent CFD simulations were used to qualitatively compare the sound pressure levels of an unsuppressed and suppressed 22LR pistol. Comparing the results of the CFD simulations gave insight into the effectiveness of the selected baffle structure.
 A prototype 3D printed suppressor was optimized for strength according to manufacturing practices for printed plastic small arms. Testing occurred at an indoor range where peak impulse noise was measured for an unsuppressed 22LR pistol and a plastic printed suppressor. The printed suppressor reduced the small arms impulse noise from 150.5 dB(spl) to 132.4 dB(spl). Impulse noises below the pain threshold of 140 dB(spl) do not require hearing protection for operation. Utilizing FEA, CFD, and FDM prototyping methods in this work has laid the foundation for future works in the rapid prototyping and optimizations of suppressors for small arms.
A role for the unfolded protein response stress sensor ERN1 in regulating the response to MEK inhibitors in KRAS mutant colon cancers
Creators: name: Šuštić, Tonći
name: Van Wageningen, Sake
name: Bosdriesz, Evert
name: Reid, Robert J. D.
name: Dittmar, John
name: Lieftink, Cor
name: Beijersbergen, Roderick L.
name: Wessels, Lodewyk F. A.
name: Rothstein, Rodney
name: Bernards, René
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Mutation (Biology)
Colon (Anatomy)--Cancer
Genomics
Molecular biology

description: Background
Mutations in KRAS are frequent in human cancer, yet effective targeted therapeutics for these cancers are still lacking. Attempts to drug the MEK kinases downstream of KRAS have had limited success in clinical trials. Understanding the specific genomic vulnerabilities of KRAS-driven cancers may uncover novel patient-tailored treatment options.

Methods
We first searched for synthetic lethal (SL) genetic interactions with mutant RAS in yeast with the ultimate aim to identify novel cancer-specific targets for therapy. Our method used selective ploidy ablation, which enables replication of cancer-specific gene expression changes in the yeast gene disruption library. Second, we used a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9-based genetic screen in KRAS mutant human colon cancer cells to understand the mechanistic connection between the synthetic lethal interaction discovered in yeast and downstream RAS signaling in human cells.

Results
We identify loss of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress sensor IRE1 as synthetic lethal with activated RAS mutants in yeast. In KRAS mutant colorectal cancer cell lines, genetic ablation of the human ortholog of IRE1, ERN1, does not affect growth but sensitizes to MEK inhibition. However, an ERN1 kinase inhibitor failed to show synergy with MEK inhibition, suggesting that a non-kinase function of ERN1 confers MEK inhibitor resistance. To investigate how ERN1 modulates MEK inhibitor responses, we performed genetic screens in ERN1 knockout KRAS mutant colon cancer cells to identify genes whose inactivation confers resistance to MEK inhibition. This genetic screen identified multiple negative regulators of JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK) /JUN signaling. Consistently, compounds targeting JNK/MAPK8 or TAK1/MAP3K7, which relay signals from ERN1 to JUN, display synergy with MEK inhibition.

Conclusions
We identify the ERN1-JNK-JUN pathway as a novel regulator of MEK inhibitor response in KRAS mutant colon cancer. The notion that multiple signaling pathways can activate JUN may explain why KRAS mutant tumor cells are traditionally seen as highly refractory to MEK inhibitor therapy. Our findings emphasize the need for the development of new therapeutics targeting JUN activating kinases, TAK1 and JNK, to sensitize KRAS mutant cancer cells to MEK inhibitors.
In search of a marriage counsellor : a proposal for strengthening the enforcement of Canadian constitutional conventions as legal rules of political behaviour
Creators: name: Alani, Aniz
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Canada’s constitutional framework consists of both written and unwritten sources. Within the subset of unwritten constitutional sources lies the body of constitutional conventions: rules of political morality that limit the scope of behaviour that would otherwise be legally permitted. Conventions are established by precedents and understood by political actors to be binding upon them. But the orthodox view holds that they are beyond the purview of the legal system and enforceable exclusively within the political realm. This thesis proposes measures for more effective regulation of political behaviour for compliance with constitutional conventions. These proposals are inspired by Prime Minister Stephen Harper’s announcement in 2014 that he would refrain from advising the Governor General to fill vacancies in the Senate of Canada. By convention, the Governor General only exercises the legal power to appoint Senators on the Prime Minister’s advice. Challenging the constitutionality of the Prime Minister’s conduct therefore implicated constitutional conventions. The author describes a judicial review application brought for this purpose as an illustrative example of the impracticality of litigation to enforce constitutional conventions. Drawing on that experience, he argues that Canadian jurisprudence ought to be renovated to accommodate and accept conventions as legally cognizable and enforceable rules. He further proposes the creation of an independent officer of Parliament accountable for monitoring political behaviour for compliance with constitutional conventions and drawing public attention to situations where conventional rules are breached.
14-qubit entanglement: creation and coherence
Creators: name: Monz, Thomas
name: Schindler, Philipp
name: Barreiro, Julio T.
name: Chwalla, Michael
name: Nigg, Daniel
name: Coish, William A.
name: Harlander, Maximilian
name: Haensel, Wolfgang
name: Hennrich, Markus
name: Blatt, Rainer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the creation of Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states with up to 14 qubits. By investigating the coherence of up to 8 ions over time, we observe a decay proportional to the square of the number of qubits. The observed decay agrees with a theoretical model which assumes a system affected by correlated, Gaussian phase noise. This model holds for the majority of current experimental systems developed towards quantum computation and quantum metrology.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, 1 table
Optimizing pre-service heat treatments in Ytterbium Disilicate-based Environmental barrier coatings
Creators: name: Smith, Dawson Michael
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: Inorganic materials (incl. nanomaterials)
Aerospace materials
Physical properties of materials

description: Environmental Barrier Coatings (EBCs) protect ceramic gas turbine engine components from corrosion by high temperature water vapor, but the coatings often form complex metastable microstructures upon plasma spray deposition. In ytterbium disilicate (YbDS) and its yttrium-doped counterpart (Y/YbDS), two coatings compatible with SiC/SiC parts, plasma spray forms a largely cracked, mechanically weak amorphous phase comprising up to ~80% of the coating’s volume. Therefore, the coatings must undergo a pre-service heat treatment to crystallize into stable phases and heal cracks. During the treatment, however, interplay between thermal expansion and crystallization contraction can cause vertical cracks which expose the component to the corrosive atmosphere. Remedial treatments with long, high temperature holds (~1300 ºC) can both crystallize the coating and heal existing cracks. However, these temperatures cause unnecessary grain growth that reduces the structural integrity of the coating over its lifetime. Here we propose an alternate heat treatment informed by experiments and modelling that removes metastable phases, heals cracks, and reduces time at temperature to prevent significant grain growth. First, we determine crystallization and phase change kinetics by applying the Ozawa-Flynn-Wall and Vyazovkin kinetic methods to differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) data. Next, we track locations and microstructural effects of phase evolution using correlative Raman spectroscopic mapping, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-Ray diffraction (XRD). We interpret the formation of three distinct phases – a major phase of stable β-YbDS, and minor phases of stable Χ2-YbMS and metastable α-YbDS – within the existing framework of kinetic theory and quantify differences in their transformations between YbDS and Y/YbDS. We find that cracks in the coating heal through the crystallization of the amorphous phase and the transformation of the metastable phase although the mechanisms remain unclear. Each phase transformation causes a bulk volumetric change which we measure using dilatometry and use to calculate delamination stresses during a simulated heat treatment. Lastly, we determine the viability of our heat treatment compared to the industry standard.
Conductivity in the anisotropic background
Creators: name: Lee, Bum-Hoon
name: Nam, Siyoung
name: Pang, Da-Wei
name: Park, Chanyong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By using the gauge/gravity duality, we investigate the dual field theories of the anisotropic backgrounds, which are exact solutions of Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton theory with a Liouville potential. When we turn on the bulk gauge field fluctuation $A_x$ with a non-trivial dilaton coupling, the AC conductivity of this dual field theory is proportional to the frequency with an exponent depending on parameters of the anisotropic background. In some parameter regions, we find that this conductivity can have the negative exponent like the strange metal. In addition, we also investigate another U(1) gauge field fluctuation, which is not coupled with a dilaton field. We classify all possible conductivities of this system and find that the exponent of the conductivity is always positive.
description: 22 pages, 13 figures, added some comments and references
Approximate Partially Dynamic Directed Densest Subgraph
Creators: name: Li, Richard Zou
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: Data structures and algorithms

description: The densest subgraph problem is an important problem with both theoretical and practical significance. We consider a variant of the problem, the directed densest subgraph problem, under the partially dynamic setting of edge insertions only. We give a algorithm maintaining a (1-ε)-approximate directed densest subgraph in O(log3n/ε6) amortized time per edge insertion, based on earlier work by Chekuri and Quanrud. This result partially improves on an earlier result by Sawlani and Wang, which guarantees O(log5n/ε7) worst case time for edge insertions and deletions.
Deux extensions de Théorèmes de Hamburger
Creators: name: Burnol, Jean-François
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11M06, 11F66

description: We propose two types of extensions to Hamburger's theorems on the Dirichlet series with functional equation like the one of the Riemann zeta function, under weaker hypotheses. This builds upon the dictionary betweeen the moderate meromorphic functions with functional equation and the tempered distributions with extended S-support condition. ----- Nous proposons deux types d'extensions aux théorèmes de Hamburger sur les séries de Dirichlet avec équation fonctionnelle comme celle de la fonction zêta de Riemann, sous des hypothèses plus faibles. Ceci repose sur le dictionnaire entre les fonctions méromorphes modérées avec cette équation fonctionnelle et les distributions tempérées avec la condition de support S-étendue.
description: 14 pages, in French. CRM preprint 1027. Introduction slightly improved
An interview with Dr. Eli Hinkel
Creators: name: Board, The Editorial
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: English language--Study and teaching--Foreign speakers
Applied linguistics
Second language acquisition--Research

description: The Editorial Board of the Web Journal recently had the pleasure of submitting interview questions to Dr. Eli Hinkel, the invited guest speaker at the 2009 APPLE Lecture sponsored by the Programs in TESOL and Applied Linguistics at Teachers College, Columbia University.

Dr. Hinkel has taught ESL and applied linguistics, as well as trained teachers, for over twenty five years. She has published numerous books and articles on learning second culture, and second language grammar, writing, and pragmatics in such journals as TESOL Quarterly, Applied Linguistics, Journal of Pragmatics, and Applied Language Learning. She is also the Editor of the Routledge ESL & Applied Linguistics Professional Series of books and textbooks for teachers and graduate students. Dr. Hinkel is currently the Program Director of the Culture and Language Bridge Program at Seattle University.
Peak into the Past - An Archaeo-Astronomy Summer School
Creators: name: Brown, D.
name: Neale, N.
name: Francis, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Our landscape has been shaped by man throughout the millennia. It still contains many clues to how it was used in the past giving us insights into ancient cultures and their everyday life. Our summer school uses archaeology and astronomy as a focus for effective out-of-classroom learning experiences. It demonstrates how a field trip can be used to its full potential by utilising ancient monuments as outdoor classrooms. This article shows how such a summer school can be embedded into the secondary curriculum; giving advice, example activities, locations to visit, and outlines the impact this work has had.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures, accepted for School Science Review
On the possibility of fast vortices in the cuprates: A vortex plasma model analysis of THz conductivity and diamagnetism in La$_{2-x}$Sr$_{x}$CuO$_4$
Creators: name: Bilbro, L. S.
name: Aguilar, R. Valdes
name: Logvenov, G.
name: Bozovic, I.
name: Armitage, N. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present measurements of the fluctuation superconductivity in an underdoped thin film of La$_{1.905}$Sr$_{0.095}$CuO$_4$ using time-domain THz spectroscopy. We compare our results with measurements of diamagnetism in a similarly doped crystal of La$_{2-x}$Sr$_x$CuO$_4$. We show through a vortex-plasma model that if the fluctuation diamagnetism solely originates in vortices, then they must necessarily exhibit an anomalously large vortex diffusion constant, which is more than two orders of magnitude larger than the Bardeen-Stephen estimate. This points to either the extremely unusual properties of vortices in the under-doped d-wave cuprates or a contribution to the diamagnetic response that is not superconducting in origin.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Exercise as ‘precision medicine’ for insulin resistance and its progression to type 2 diabetes: a research review
Creators: name: DiMenna, Fred J.
name: Arad, Avigdor D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Non-insulin-dependent diabetes--Prevention
Obesity--Health aspects
Exercise--Health aspects
Insulin resistance
Medical care

description: Type 2 diabetes and obesity epidemics are in effect in the United States and the two pathologies are linked. In accordance with the growing appreciation that ‘exercise is medicine,’ it is intuitive to suggest that exercise can play an important role in the prevention and/or treatment of these conditions. However, if exercise is to truly be considered as a viable alternative to conventional healthcare prevention/treatment strategies involving pharmaceuticals, it must be prescribed with similar scrutiny. Indeed, it seems reasonable to posit that the recent initiative calling for ‘precision medicine’ in the US standard healthcare system should also be applied in the exercise setting. In this narrative review, we consider a number of explanations that have been forwarded regarding the pathological progression to type 2 diabetes both with and without the concurrent influence of overweight/obesity. Our goal is to provide insight regarding exercise strategies that might be useful as ‘precision medicine’ to prevent/treat this disease. Although the etiology of type 2 diabetes is complex and cause/consequence characteristics of associated dysfunctions have been debated, it is well established that impaired insulin action plays a critical early role. Consequently, an exercise strategy to prevent/treat this disease should be geared toward improving insulin sensitivity both from an acute and chronic standpoint. However, research suggests that a chronic improvement in insulin sensitivity only manifests when weight loss accompanies an exercise intervention. This has resonance because ectopic fat accumulation appears to represent a central component of disease progression regardless of whether obesity is also part of the equation. The cause/consequence characteristics of the relationship between insulin resistance, pathological fat deposition and/or mobilsation, elevated and/or poorly-distributed lipid within myocytes and an impaired capacity to use lipid as fuel remains to be clarified as does the role of muscle mitochondria in the metabolic decline. Until these issues are resolved, a multidimensional exercise strategy (e.g., aerobic exercise at a range of intensities and resistance training for muscular hypertrophy) could provide the best alternative for prevention/treatment.
Light scattering study of low-energy vibrational excitations in the metallic glass Ni$_{67}$Zr$_{33}$ using electronic Raman scattering
Creators: name: Muschler, B.
name: Tüttő, I.
name: Zawadowski, A.
name: Balogh, J.
name: Hackl, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Raman response of the metallic glass Ni$_{67}$Zr$_{33}$ is measured as a function of polarization and temperature and analyzed theoretically. Unexpectedly, the intensity in the range up to 300\wn increases upon cooling, which is counterintuitive when the response originates from vibrations alone as in insulators. The increase finds a natural explanation if the conduction electrons are assumed to scatter on localized vibrations with a scattering probability proportional to the Debye-Waller factor. None of our assumptions is material specific, and the results are expected to be relevant for disordered systems in general.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Understanding key drivers of performance in the provision of maternal health services in eastern cape, South Africa: a systems analysis using group model building
Creators: name: Lembani, Martina
name: De Pinho, Helen
name: Delobelle, Peter
name: Zarowsky, Christina
name: Mathole, Thubelihle
name: Ager, Alastair
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Maternal health services
Leadership
Health services administration

description: Background
The Eastern Cape Province reports among the poorest health service indicators in South Africa with some of its districts standing out as worst performing as regards maternal health indicators. To understand key drivers and outcomes of this underperformance and to explore whether a participatory analysis could deepen action-oriented understanding among stakeholders, a study was conducted in one of the chronically poorly performing districts.

Methods
The study used a systems analysis approach to understand the drivers and outcomes affecting maternal health in the district in order to identify key leverage points for addressing the situation. The approach included semi-structured interviews with a total of 24 individuals consisting health system managers at various levels, health facility staff and patients. This was followed by a participatory group model building exercise with 23 key stakeholders to analyze system factors and their interrelationships affecting maternal health in the district using rich pictures and interrelationship diagraphs (IRDs) and finally the development of causal loop diagrams (CLDs).

Results
The stakeholders were able to unpack the complex ways in which factors were interrelated in contributing to poor maternal health performance and identified the feedback loops which resulted in the situation being intractable, suggesting strategies for sustainable improvement. Quality of leadership was shown to have a pervasive influence on overall system performance by linking to numerous factors and feedback loops, including staff motivation and capacity building. Staff motivation was linked to quality of care in turn influencing patient attendance and feeding back into staff motivation through its impact on workload. Without attention to workload, patient waiting times and satisfaction, the impact of improved leadership and staff support on staff competence and attitudes would be diminished.

Conclusion
Understanding the complex interrelationships of factors in the health system is key to identifying workable solutions especially in the context of chronic health systems challenges. Systems modelling using group model building methods can be an efficient means of supporting stakeholders to recognize valuable resources within the context of a dysfunctional system to strengthen systems performance.
Impact of ocean warming on tropical cyclone track over the western north pacific: A numerical investigation based on two case studies
Creators: name: Sun, Yuan
name: Zhong, Zhong
name: Li, Tim
name: Yi, Lan
name: Camargo, Suzana J.
name: Hu, Yijia
name: Liu, Kefeng
name: Chen, Haishan
name: Liao, Qianfeng
name: Shi, Jian
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Cyclone tracks
Ocean temperature
Climatic changes
Global warming
Atmospherics
Tropical meteorology

description: The impact of ocean warming on tropical cyclone (TC) track over the western North Pacific is an open issue. Relatively little is known about possible changes in TC tracks under ocean warming conditions due to both inhomogeneous observation networks and large natural variability over a relatively short observational period. A suite of semiidealized numerical experiments on two TC cases is conducted to investigate the response of TC tracks to increases in sea surface temperature (SST). It is found that the simulated TC track is highly sensitive to underlying SST. Specifically, through its influence on the radial distribution of sea surface enthalpy, ocean warming can lead to changes in the tangential wind profile and thus increase the TC size in terms of the radius of gale force wind, which is attributed to the increase in maximum wind speed, the expansion of the radius of maximum wind, and the additional increase in outer winds. The increased TC size, as suggested by previous studies, further leads to the eastward withdrawal of the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) and thus a northward turning of the TC. Results of climate simulations in the present study provide further evidence for the aforementioned impact of ocean warming on TC size and thus the WPSH and TC track. Results of the present study also imply that the threat of storms to countries in East Asia may be reduced due to possible changes in TC tracks if ocean warming continues in the future.
Thesis Pekarek.pdf
Creators: name: Pekarek, Robert
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: Industrial engineering
Risk engineering
Infrastructure engineering and asset management
Other engineering not elsewhere classified
Operations research

description: Sea level rise is a growing threat to coastal communities across the United States. Uncertainty about the extent of sea level rise poses a challenge for creating infrastructure to address this threat. Due to disagreement among decision makers on the severity of climate change, it can be challenging to determine the appropriate level of preparation for the future, which can lead to potential under or over-preparedness. To combat this uncertainty, the US Department of Defense has embraced a robust decision-making model. Decision makers should incorporate multiple future models of the world into their decision-making process. This thesis describes an effort to address these challenges at the United States Naval Academy using a decision support approach called many-objective robust decision-making. Considering decisions to upgrade their seawall at varying heights and at twenty-year intervals, a genetic algorithm was employed to identify a frontier of non-dominated upgrade strategies. Three strategies from the frontier were evaluated in hundreds of possible scenarios with varied discount rates, sea level rise projections, changes to future storminess, and building replacement costs. An analysis was performed to determine in which future conditions those three strategies were vulnerable to failing to meet objectives of having a benefit cost ratio of over 1 and limiting damage to less than $100 million over an 80-year planning horizon. This analysis will enable the US Naval Academy to determine the effectiveness of their seawall upgrade plans for preventing storm surge damage over a range of future scenarios and stakeholder preferences. Ultimately, this research found that upgrading the Naval Academy’s seawall in the near future is critical to avoiding costly damage from flooding. This research also emphasizes how variations to the assumed discount rate can reshape a cost benefit analysis.