cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The phylodynamics of the rabies virus in the Russian Federation
Creators: name: Ivanova, Anna
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: Medicine

description: Near complete rabies virus N gene sequences (1,110 nt) were determined for 82 isolates obtained from different regions of Russia between 2008 and 2016. These sequences were analyzed together with 108 representative GenBank sequences from 1977-2016 using the Bayesian coalescent approach. The timing of the major evolutionary events was estimated. Most of the isolates represented the steppe rabies virus group C, which was found over a vast geographic region from Central Russia to Mongolia and split into three groups (C0-C2) with discrete geographic prevalence. A single strain of the steppe rabies virus lineage was isolated in the far eastern part of Russia (Primorsky Krai), likely as a result of a recent anthropogenic introduction. For the first time the polar rabies virus group A2, previously reported in Alaska, was described in the northern part of European Russia and at the Franz Josef Land. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that all currently circulating rabies virus groups in the Russian Federation were introduced within the few last centuries, with most of the groups spreading in the 20th century. The dating of evolutionary events was highly concordant with the historical epidemiological data.
Overview of celiac disease in Russia regional data and estimated prevalence
Creators: name: Ivanova, Anna
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: Medicine

description: Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune enteropathy triggered by the ingestion of dietary gluten from some cereals mainly in individuals carrying the HLA-DQ2 and/or HLA-DQ8 haplotypes. As an autoimmune disease, CD is manifested in the small intestine in the form of a progressive and reversible inflammatory lesion due to immune response to self-antigens. Indeed, CD is one of the most challenging medicosocial problems in current gastroenterology. At present, the global CD prevalence is estimated at approximately 1% based on data sent from different locations and available CD screening strategies used. However, it is impossible to estimate global CD prevalence without all the data from the world, including Russia. In this review, we summarize the data on the incidence and prevalence of CD across geographically distinct regions of Russia, which are mostly present in local Russian scientific sources. Our conclusion is that the situation of CD prevalence in Russia is higher than is commonly believed and follows global tendencies that correspond to the epidemiologic situation in Europe, America, and Southwest Asia.
A scATAC-seq atlas of chromatin accessibility in rat of different burn time points
Creators: name: 李瑞康(Liruikang)
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2024
Subjects: Raw sequence reads
Transcriptome or Gene expression
Multiisolate

description: Data type: scATAC-seq; Species: Rat; Tissue: skin burn tissue; Sample Types: Normal Samples (CTRL) and Burn Samples; The sampling time points of burn samples were 0h, 12h, D1, D3, D7, D11, D15, D19.
Electromagnetic properties of a neutrino stream
Creators: name: Nieves, Jose F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a medium that contains a neutrino background in addition to the matter particles, the neutrinos contribute to the photon self-energy as a result of the effective electromagnetic vertex that they acquire in the presence of matter. We calculate the contribution to the photon self-energy in a dense plasma, due to the presence of a gas of charged particles, or neutrinos, that moves as a whole relative to the plasma. General formulas for the transverse and longitudinal components of the photon polarization tensor are obtained in terms of the momentum distribution functions of the particles in the medium, and explicit results are given for various limiting cases of practical interest. The formulas are used to study the electromagnetic properties of a plasma that contains a beam of neutrinos. The transverse and longitudinal photon dispersion relations are studied in some detail. Our results do not support the idea that neutrino streaming instabilities can develop in such a system. We also indicate how the phenomenon of optical activity of the neutrino gas is modified due to the velocity of the neutrino background relative to the plasma. The general approach and results can be adapted to similar problems involving relativistic plasmas and high-temperature gauge theories in other environments.
description: Revtex, 19 pages and 3 included ps files
Quantum Hall Effect in Electron-Doped Black Phosphorus Field-Effect Transistors
Creators: name: Yang, Fangyuan
name: Zhang, Zuocheng
name: Wang, Nai Zhou
name: Ye, Guo Jun
name: Lou, Wenkai
name: Zhou, Xiaoying
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Chang, Kai
name: Chen, Xian Hui
name: Zhang, Yuanbo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The advent of black phosphorus field-effect transistors (FETs) has brought new possibilities in the study of two-dimensional (2D) electron systems. In a black phosphorus FET, the gate induces highly anisotropic 2D electron and hole gases. Although the 2D hole gas in black phosphorus has reached high carrier mobilities that led to the observation of the integer quantum Hall effect, the improvement in the sample quality of the 2D electron gas (2DEG) has however been only moderate; quantum Hall effect remained elusive. Here, we obtain high quality black phosphorus 2DEG by defining the 2DEG region with a prepatterned graphite local gate. The graphite local gate screens the impurity potential in the 2DEG. More importantly, it electrostatically defines the edge of the 2DEG, which facilitates the formation of well-defined edge channels in the quantum Hall regime. The improvements enable us to observe precisely quantized Hall plateaus in electron-doped black phosphorus FET. Magneto-transport measurements under high magnetic fields further revealed a large effective mass and an enhanced Landé g-factor, which points to strong electron-electron interaction in black phosphorus 2DEG. Such strong interaction may lead to exotic many-body quantum states in the fractional quantum Hall regime.
description: Accepted in Nano Letters
Discovery of two bright DO-type white dwarfs
Creators: name: Reindl, Nicole
name: Geier, Stephan
name: Østensen, Roy H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discovered two bright DO-type white dwarfs, GALEXJ053628.3+544854 (J0536+5448) and GALEX231128.0+292935(J2311+2929), which rank among the eight brightest DO-type white dwarfs known. Our non-LTE model atmosphere analysis reveals effective temperatures and surface gravities of $T_{\mathrm{eff}}=80000\pm4600\,\mathrm{K}$ and $\log \mathrm{g}=8.25\pm0.15$ for J0536+5448 and $T_{\mathrm{eff}}=69400\pm900\,\mathrm{K}$ and $\log \mathrm{g}=7.80\pm0.06$ for J2311+2929. The latter shows a significant amount of carbon in its atmosphere ($C=0.003^{+0.005}_{-0.002}$, by mass), while for J0536+5448 we could derive only an upper limit of $C<0.003$. Furthermore, we calculated spectroscopic distances for the two stars and found a good agreement with the distances derived from the Gaia parallaxes.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Pfaffian Diagrams for Gluon Tree Amplitudes
Creators: name: Lam, C. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pfaffian diagrams are formulated to represent gluon amplitudes computed from the Cachazo-He-Yuan (CHY) formula. They may be regarded as a systematic regrouping of Feynman diagrams after internal momenta are expanded and products of vertex factors are evaluated. This reprocessing enables gluon amplitudes expressed in Pfaffian diagrams to contain less terms. For example, there are 19 terms for the four-point amplitude in Pfaffian diagrams, and 35 terms in Feynman diagrams. Gauge invariance is simpler and more explicit in Pfaffian diagrams, in that subset of diagrams with the same root configuration are already gauge invariant in all lines but two. In getting to these results, several technical difficulties must be overcome. Double poles must be converted to simple poles, integrations must be carried out directly and formulated into simple rules, and the three \M constant lines must be suitably chosen to minimize the number of terms present.
A programme based on repeated hypoxia–hyperoxia exposure and light exercise enhances performance in athletes with overtraining syndrome a pilot study
Creators: name: Ivanova, Anna
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: Medicine

description: Overtraining syndrome (OTS) is a major concern among endurance athletes and is a leading cause in preventing them to perform for long periods. Intermittent exposure to hypoxia has been shown to be an effective way of improving performance without exercising. Aim of this pilot study was to evaluate intermittent hypoxia-hyperoxia training combined with light exercise as an intervention to facilitate athletes with OTS to restore their usual performance level. Thirty-four track and field athletes were recruited: 15 athletes with OTS volunteered to participate and undertook a conditioning programme consisting of repeated exposures to hypoxia (O2 at 10%) and hyperoxia (O2 at 30%) (6-8 cycles, total time 45 min-1 h), three times a week, delivered 1·5-2 h after a low-intensity exercise session (2 bouts of 30 min, running at 50% of VO2max with 10 min rest between bouts) over 4 weeks. Nineteen healthy track and field athletes volunteered to participate as a control group and followed their usual training schedule. Measurements before and after the intervention included exercise capacity, analysis of heart rate variability and hematological parameters. In athletes with OTS, a 4-week light exercise combined with intermittent hypoxia-hyperoxia training improved exercise performance (191·9 ± 26·9 W versus 170·8 ± 44·8 W in exercise capacity test, P = 0·01). Heart rate variability analysis revealed an improved sympatho-parasympathetic index (low frequency/high frequency ratio, 8·01 ± 7·51 before and 1·45 ± 1·71 after, P = 0·007). Hematological parameters were unchanged. Our pilot study showed that intermittent hypoxia-hyperoxia training and low-intensity exercise can facilitate functional recovery among athletes with OTS in a relatively short time.
title: Olecranon osteotomy fixation following complex distal humerus ORIF: Plate or Tension band?
Creators: name: Song, Zhe
name: Zhu, Yangjun
name: Zhang, Kun
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: istal humerus
subject: olecranon osteotomy
subject: ORIF
subject: plate
subject: tension band
subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Objectives: Distal humeral fractures in adults are complex and technically demanding injuries to manage. Operative intervention is indicated inmost cases and is often complicated by difficult exposure, osteoporotic bone, and comminution in the metaphyseal and/or articular region. There is controversy[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL]
description: Deutscher Kongress für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie (DKOU 2019)
Polynomial function approximation and its application to deep generative models
Creators: name: Chrysos, Grigorios
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2020

description: Data are collected at an unprecedented rate owing to the ubiquitous existence of sensors. Modeling such data, especially high-dimensional data such as images or videos, is of paramount importance. Deep generative models, that are implemented as multilayer neural networks, have demonstrated success in modeling distributions of high-dimensional data. In this thesis, we explore new structures, models and approximation methods for deep generative models. We initially focus on conditional data generation and study the robustness of the popular conditional Generative Adversarial Nets (cGAN). The model assumes a conditional input, e.g., a corrupted image, is available and we want to transform it into a high-dimensional output. However, our experiments illustrate that cGAN is not robust to noise. To mitigate that, we propose a new, augmented model, called RoCGAN, which leverages structure in the output space of the model. RoCGAN exhibits robust behavior even under intense noise. Sequentially, we turn our attention to the function approximation method used for implementing deep generative models, i.e., feedforward neural networks. Little attention has been given to the method of choice for function approximation. To that end, we model the data generator as a high-order polynomial. We conduct experiments with the polynomial generator using Generative Adversarial Nets (GANs). We illustrate that the polynomial expansion is a very expressive function approximator and natural signals, such as images, can be approximated without the use of activation functions (i.e., a cornerstone of the approximation with feedforward neural networks). The polynomial function approximation is generalized from modeling the generator of a GAN to modeling both generative and discriminative methods in diverse tasks, such as image or audio classification or representation learning in non-euclidean domains. Lastly, we focus on the type of generative model. Despite the stellar success of GANs, their complicated training dynamics, make the study of alternative models imperative. To that end, we introduce a decoder-only method that uses a polynomial expansion to approximate natural images.
title: Comprehensive evaluation and treatment strategy of tibia plateau fracture with knee dislocation
Creators: name: Song, Zhe
name: Zhu, Yangjun
name: Zhang, Kun
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: tibial plateau
subject: fracture
subject: dislocation
subject: knee joint
subject: fixation
subject: internal
subject: bone plates
subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Objectives: To achieve the best functional outcome possible with a minimum of complications,it is important to develop a treatment algorithm or protocol. Our article involves a high index of the discussion for the comprehensive evaluation, surgical treatment and clinical efficacy of tibia plateau fracture[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL]
description: Deutscher Kongress für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie (DKOU 2019)
Weak e+e- lines from internal pair conversion observed in collisions of 238U with heavy nuclei
Creators: name: Heinz, S.
name: Berdermann, E.
name: Heine, F.
name: Joeres, O.
name: Kienle, P.
name: Koenig, I.
name: Koenig, W.
name: Kozhuharov, C.
name: Leinberger, U.
name: Rhein, M.
name: Schroeter, A.
name: Tsertos, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a Doppler-shift correction to the measured e+e- sum-energy spectra obtained from e+e- coincidence measurements in 238U + 206Pb and 238U + 181Ta collisions at beam energies close to the Coulomb barrier, using an improved experimental setup at the double-Orange spectrometer of GSI. Internal-Pair-Conversion (IPC) e+e- pairs from discrete nuclear transitions of a moving emitter have been observed following Coulomb excitation of the 1.844 MeV (E1) transition in 206Pb and neutron transfer to the 1.770 MeV (M1) transition in 207Pb. In the collision system 238U + 181Ta, IPC transitions were observed from the Ta-like as well as from the U-like nuclei. In all systems the Doppler-shift corrected e+e- sum-energy spectra show weak lines at the energies expected from the corresponding $γ$-ray spectra with cross sections being consistent with the measured excitation cross sections of the $γ$ lines and the theoretically predicted IPC coefficients. No other than IPC e+e- sum-energy lines were found in the measured spectra. The transfer cross sections show a strong dependence on the distance of closest approach (R_min), thus signaling also a strong dependence on the bombarding energy close to the Coulomb barrier.
description: LaTeX, 32 pages incl. 10 PS figures; Accepted by Z.Phys.A
Using semantic clustering to support situation awareness on Twitter: The case of World Views
Creators: name: Kingston, Charlie
name: Nurse, Jason R. C.
name: Agrafiotis, Ioannis
name: Milich, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In recent years, situation awareness has been recognised as a critical part of effective decision making, in particular for crisis management. One way to extract value and allow for better situation awareness is to develop a system capable of analysing a dataset of multiple posts, and clustering consistent posts into different views or stories (or, world views). However, this can be challenging as it requires an understanding of the data, including determining what is consistent data, and what data corroborates other data. Attempting to address these problems, this article proposes Subject-Verb-Object Semantic Suffix Tree Clustering (SVOSSTC) and a system to support it, with a special focus on Twitter content. The novelty and value of SVOSSTC is its emphasis on utilising the Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) typology in order to construct semantically consistent world views, in which individuals---particularly those involved in crisis response---might achieve an enhanced picture of a situation from social media data. To evaluate our system and its ability to provide enhanced situation awareness, we tested it against existing approaches, including human data analysis, using a variety of real-world scenarios. The results indicated a noteworthy degree of evidence (e.g., in cluster granularity and meaningfulness) to affirm the suitability and rigour of our approach. Moreover, these results highlight this article's proposals as innovative and practical system contributions to the research field.
title: Postoperative Zentrierung der Syndesmose im Vergleich mit der unverletzten Seite nach Stellschrauben- oder TightRope-Stabilisation – eine CT-Analyse
Creators: name: Hennings, Robert
name: Ahrberg-Spiegl, Annette
name: Hepp, Pierre
name: Josten, Christoph
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Syndesmose
subject: Stellschraube
subject: TightRope
subject: Malleolarfraktur
subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Fragestellung: Ca. 30 % der Sprunggelenksfrakturen gehen mit einer stabilisationsbedürftigen Verletzung der Syndesmose einher. Dies kann mittels statischer Stellschraube oder dynamischen System stabilisiert werden. Ziel der Arbeit war es, die postoperative Zentrierung der Syndesmose im Vergleich[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: Deutscher Kongress für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie (DKOU 2019)
Elimination of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Tajikistan
Creators: name: Ivanova, Anna
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: Medicine

description: Malaria was eliminated in Tajikistan by the beginning of the 1960s. However, sporadic introduced cases of malaria occurred subsequently probably as a result of transmission from infected mosquito Anopheles flying over river the Punj from the border areas of Afghanistan. During the 1970s and 1980s local outbreaks of malaria were reported in the southern districts bordering Afghanistan. The malaria situation dramatically changed during the 1990s following armed conflict and civil unrest in the newly independent Tajikistan, which paralyzed health services including the malaria control activities and a large-scale malaria epidemic occurred with more than 400,000 malaria cases. The malaria epidemic was contained by 1999 as a result of considerable financial input from the Government and the international community. Although Plasmodium falciparum constituted only about 5% of total malaria cases, reduction of its incidence was slower than that of Plasmodium vivax. To prevent increase in P. falciparum malaria both in terms of incidence and territory, a P. falciparum elimination programme in the Republic was launched in 200, jointly supported by the Government and the Global Fund for control of AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria. The main activities included the use of pyrethroids for the IRS with determined periodicity, deployment of mosquito nets, impregnated with insecticides, use of larvivorous fishes as a biological larvicide, implementation of small-scale environmental management, and use of personal protection methods by population under malaria risk. The malaria surveillance system was strengthened by the use of ACD, PCD, RCD and selective use of mass blood surveys. All detected cases were timely epidemiologically investigated and treated based on the results of laboratory diagnosis. As a result, by 2009, P. falciparum malaria was eliminated from all of Tajikistan, one year ahead of the originally targeted date. Elimination of P. falciparum also contributed towards speedy reduction of P. vivax incidence in Tajikistan.
Universal, finite temperature, crossover functions of the quantum transition in the Ising chain in a transverse field
Creators: name: Sachdev, Subir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider finite temperature properties of the Ising chain in a transverse field in the vicinity of its zero temperature, second order quantum phase transition. New universal crossover functions for static and dynamic correlators of the ``spin'' operator are obtained. The static results follow from an early lattice computation of McCoy, and a method of analytic continuation in the space of coupling constants. The dynamic results are in the ``renormalized classical'' region and follow from a proposed mapping of the quantum dynamics to the Glauber dynamics of a classical Ising chain.
description: substantial re-arrangement of presentation, but no additional results
Optimisation of humanitarian response using unmanned aerial vehicles
Creators: name: Escribano Macias, Jose
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2020

description: Man-made and natural disasters have been affecting an increasing number of people in recent years. This trend is expected to continue as the number and size coastal settlements grow, forcing humanitarian organisations to seek cost-effective solutions to improve response operations. In recent years, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles have been increasingly deployed in humanitarian response as they provide an economical solution to the numerous challenges of post-disaster land-based relief operations, including the presence of partial or complete damage to the transport infrastructure, or absence thereof. In addition to some regulatory constraints, vehicle range and integration with the existing response mechanisms remain as key limitations to their deployment in practice. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a quantitative framework capable of determining the optimal strategy for UAV-based humanitarian response. This thesis proposes novel methodologies to use UAVs in relief distribution operations. A method for routing UAVs and locating supporting infrastructure necessary to deliver relief cargo is developed. A trajectory management process is proposed to represent UAV behaviour during cruise flight accurately. Building on this, we also study the relationship between payload and energy consumption. An endogenous stochastic model is developed to assess network damage and inform the routing of ground vehicles. The algorithms are applied on a dataset drawn from the earthquake responses in Taiwan after the Chi-Chi earthquake of 1999 and Port-au-Prince after the Haiti earthquake in 2010. Results show that UAVs can be used as a means of transportation for relief during the first days of a disaster, with close to 20,000 kg of cargo transported in 35 hours. The approach developed provides up to 40\% improvements in terms of mission duration compared to well-established methods. By assisting trucks through network assessment, UAVs provide vehicle travel times by up to 20\% depending on the network damage levels. These results indicate that fleets of small UAVs can provide significant benefits to humanitarian response.
title: Lungentransplantation nach Polytrauma
Creators: name: Gräff, Pascal
name: Bruns, Nico
name: Kühn, Christian
name: Sommer, Wiebke
name: Krettek, Christian
name: Wilhelmi, Michaela
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Polytraumaversorgung
subject: Lungentransplantation nach Thoraxtrauma
subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Fragestellung: Lungentransplantationen nach einem Polytrauma sind selten. Dies liegt zum einen an den strengen Regularien, nach denen Organe nach einer Transplantation vergeben werden. Andererseits an der geringen Zahl an möglichen Transplantationskandidaten und zu guter Letzt an dem möglichen[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: Deutscher Kongress für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie (DKOU 2019)
Adaptation to intermittent hypoxia-hyperoxia improves cognitive performance and exercise tolerance in elderly
Creators: name: Ivanova, Anna
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: Medicine

description: For improvements in exercise tolerance and cognitive function in geriatric patients Multimodal training programs (MTP) are used as combination of physiotherapy, occupational therapy and cardiovascular training. Intermittent Hypoxic-Hyperoxic Training (IHHT), a modified type of intermittent hypoxic training (IHT) is proposed to be included in MTP to elicit more pronounced beneficial effects in exercise tolerance and cognitive functions of geriatric patients likely by an additional pathway than a single MTP. Thirty four patients of the Geriatric Day Clinic aged between 64 and 92 years participated in the placebo controlled clinical trial. They were randomly assigned to receive MTP plus IHHT (experimental group - EG) or MTP plus placebo-breathing through a machine face mask (control group - CG) in a double blind fashion. Before and after the interventions course cognitive performance was assessed by the Dementia-Detection-Test (DemTect) and the Clock-Drawing-Test (CDT), and functional exercise capacity - by the total distance of 6-Minute-Walk-Test (6MWT). After IHHT combined with MTP cognitive performance (DemTect) increased significantly when compared to NG (+16,7 % vs. +0,39 %, p<0,001). The CDT indicated similar results with a significant increase in the EG while the score of the CG even decreased (+10,7 % vs. -8%, p=0,031). Concerning the functional exercise capacity, both groups improved the total distance in the 6MWT but with a significantly larger increase in the EG compared to the CG (+24,1 % vs. +10,8 %, p=0,021). In addition, there was a significant relationship between the changes of the 6MWT and the DemTect Scores and the CDT. IHHT contributed significantly to improvements in cognitive performance and exercise capacity in elderly performing MTP. IHHT sessions are considered to be easily applicable to and well tolerated by geriatric patients up to 92 years.
On the self-similarity of line segments in decaying homogeneous isotropic turbulence
Creators: name: Gauding, Michael
name: Wang, Lipo
name: Goebbert, Jens Henrik
name: Bode, Mathis
name: Danaila, Luminita
name: Varea, Emilien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The self-similarity of a passive scalar in homogeneous isotropic decaying turbulence is investigated by the method of line segments (M. Gauding et al., Physics of Fluids 27.9 (2015): 095102). The analysis is based on a highly resolved direct numerical simulation of decaying turbulence. The method of line segments is used to perform a decomposition of the scalar field into smaller sub-units based on the extremal points of the scalar along a straight line. These sub-units (the so-called line segments) are parameterized by their length $\ell$ and the difference $Δϕ$ of the scalar field between the ending points. Line segments can be understood as thin local convective-diffusive structures in which diffusive processes are enhanced by compressive strain. From DNS, it is shown that the marginal distribution function of the length~$\ell$ assumes complete self-similarity when re-scaled by the mean length $\ell_m$. The joint statistics of $Δϕ$ and $\ell$, from which the local gradient $g=Δϕ/\ell$ can be defined, play an important role in understanding the turbulence mixing and flow structure. Large values of $g$ occur at a small but finite length scale. Statistics of $g$ are characterized by rare but strong deviations that exceed the standard deviation by more than one order of magnitude. It is shown that these events break complete self-similarity of line segments, which confirms the standard paradigm of turbulence that intense events (which are known as internal intermittency) are not self-similar.
Theoretical Issues in Rare K, D and B Decays
Creators: name: Burdman, Gustavo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I discuss some theoretical aspects of rare $K$, $D$ and $B$ decays focusing mainly on their potential as tests of the one loop structure of the standard model. I concentrate on flavor changing neutral current processes and compare our ability to extract short distance physics in the three cases. Finally, I give some examples of the sensitivity of these decays to extensions of the standard model.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures. Talk presented at the Workshop on Heavy Quarks at Fixed Target, Fermilab, Batavia IL, October 10-12, 1998
Mentorship in Midwifery: Examining the Role of the American College of Nurse Midwives in Supporting Newly Certified Midwives
Creators: name: Harrison, Leah
Publisher: name: Oregon Health and Science University
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: midwifery, workforce, mentorship

description: Early-career attrition is common in the midwifery profession, with 30% of midwives leaving clinical practice within 5 years of certification, and nearly 50% leaving within 10 years. Literature on midwives in their first year of practice suggests that opportunities for mentorship increases retention of midwives in the profession. Little is known about mentorship opportunities available to new midwives at the local level. This DNP project utilized a mixed-methods approach to gather information about mentorship opportunities facilitated by American College of Nurse-Midwives (ACNM) Affiliate chapters. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ACNM state-level leaders regarding mentorship, professional burnout, and member engagement. 25% of Affiliates interviewed had current mentorship programs, 15% had previous mentorship programs, 15% had active plans for mentorship, and 45% had no current, prior, or plans for mentorship. Affiliate leaders expressed barriers to mentorship included lack of funding and resources, lack of capacity at the Affiliate level, and lack of engagement from membership. Attrition from the midwifery profession has far-reaching implications on a healthcare system already experiencing a paucity of obstetric providers and maternal mortality rates exceeding other well-resourced countries. ACNM support for mentorship for midwives transitioning from student to practitioner is one possible tool for retaining midwives in the workforce.
Nearly degenerate neutrinos, Supersymmetry and radiative corrections
Creators: name: Casas, J. A.
name: Espinosa, J. R.
name: Ibarra, A.
name: Navarro, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If neutrinos are to play a relevant cosmological role, they must be essentially degenerate with a mass matrix of the bimaximal mixing type. We study this scenario in the MSSM framework, finding that if neutrino masses are produced by a see-saw mechanism, the radiative corrections give rise to mass splittings and mixing angles that can accommodate the atmospheric and the (large angle MSW) solar neutrino oscillations. This provides a natural origin for the $Δm^2_{sol} << Δm^2_{atm}$ hierarchy. On the other hand, the vacuum oscillation solution to the solar neutrino problem is always excluded. We discuss also in the SUSY scenario other possible effects of radiative corrections involving the new neutrino Yukawa couplings, including implications for triviality limits on the Majorana mass, the infrared fixed point value of the top Yukawa coupling, and gauge coupling and bottom-tau unification.
description: 32 pages, 12 Postscript figures, uses psfig.sty
title: Die Qualität der Reposition ist entscheidend! Risikofaktorenanalyse für die Entwicklung einer Pseudarthrose nach subtrochantärer Femurfraktur
Creators: name: Baumann, Florian
name: Freigang, Viola
name: Schmitz, Paul
name: Weber, Johannes
name: Kerschbaum, Maximilian
name: Nerlich, Michael
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Pseudarthrose
subject: Subtrochantäre Femurfraktur
subject: CCD-Winkel
subject: Tip-Apex-Distance (TAD)
subject: Reposition
subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Fragestellung: Subtrochantäre Femurfrakturen sind seltene Verletzungen, besitzen jedoch vergleichsweise hohe Komplikationsraten. In der Literatur werden subtrochantäre Frakturen meist als Unterart der pertrochantären Fraktur behandelt. Dementsprechend ist die Datenlage zu subtrochantären[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: Deutscher Kongress für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie (DKOU 2019)
Diffusive and ballistic motion in superconducting hybrid structures
Creators: name: Claughton, N. R.
name: Raimondi, R.
name: Lambert, C. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine transport properties of superconducting hybrid mesoscopic structures, in both the diffusive and ballistic regimes. For diffusive structures, analytic results from quasi-classical theory are compared with predictions from numerical, multiple-scattering calculations performed on small structures. For all structures, the two methods yield comparable results and in some cases, quantitative agreement is obtained. These results not only demonstrate that quasi-classical theory can yield the ensemble averaged conductance $$ of small structures of dimensions of order 10- 20 Fermi wavelengths, but also establish that numerical scattering calculations on such small structures can yield results for $$ which are characteristic of much larger systems. Having compared the two approaches, we extend the multiple-scattering analysis to the ballistic limit, where the sample dimensions become smaller than the elastic mean free path and demonstrate that the properties of certain Andreev interferometers are unchanged in the clean limit.
description: LaTex file, 9 pages, 12 figures (Ps files available on request)
Revolutionizing Neo-Epitope Discovery: A Combined Long-Read Sequencing, RNC-Seq, and Immunopeptidomic Approach
Creators: name: 张海波(Haibo Zhang)
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2024
Subjects: Raw sequence reads
Multiisolate
Medical

description: Accurate identification of tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) is crucial for the development of effective cancer immunotherapies. TSAs, including those originating from mutations and other unique presentations on tumor cells by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), have shown promise in clinical trials. However, conventional short-read sequencing techniques often fail to capture novel transcripts and unannotated open reading frames (ORFs), potentially missing critical TSAs. In this study, we present an innovative proteogenomic strategy that integrates long-read sequencing technology with messenger RNA sequencing (mRNA-seq) and Ribosome Nascent-chain Complex-bound RNA sequencing (RNC-Seq). Our research demonstrates that non-canonical transcripts and ORFs are significant sources of tumor immuno-epitopes, highlighting that the combination of long-read sequencing and RNC-Seq can reveal novel epitopes overlooked by traditional methods, thereby enhancing the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.
Significance of chronic toxoplasmosis in epidemiology of road traffic accidents in Russian Federation
Creators: name: Ivanova, Anna
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: Medicine

description: Studies carried out in Moscow residents have revealed that the prevalence of chronic toxoplasmosis is very close to those in countries of Eastern and Central Europe. Our findings also demonstrated a statistically significant relationship between the rate of traffic accidents and the seroprevalence of chronic toxoplasmosis in drivers who were held responsible for accidents. The latter was 2.37 times higher in drivers who were involved in road accidents compared with control groups. These results suggest that the consequences of chronic toxoplasmosis (particularly a slower reaction time and decreased concentration) might contribute to the peculiarities of the epidemiology of road traffic accidents in the Russian Federation and might interfere with the successful implementation of the Federal Programme named "Increase road traffic safety". Suggestions for how to address overcome this problem are discussed in this paper.
Universal conductance fluctuations and direct observation of crossover of symmetry classes in topological insulators
Creators: name: Islam, Saurav
name: Bhattacharyya, Semonti
name: Nhalil, Hariharan
name: Elizabeth, Suja
name: Ghosh, Arindam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A key feature of topological insulators (TI) is symplectic symmetry of the Hamiltonian which changes to unitary when time reversal symmetry is lifted and the topological phase transition occurs. However, such a crossover has never been explicitly observed, by directly probing the symmetry class of the Hamiltonian. In this report, we have probed the symmetry class of topological insulators by measuring the mesoscopic conductance fluctuations in the TI Bi$_{1.6}$Sb$_{0:4}$Te$_2$Se, which shows an exact factor of two reduction on application of a magnetic field due to crossover from symplectic to unitary symmetry classes. The reduction provides an unambiguous proof that the fluctuations arise from the universal conductance fluctuations (UCF), due to quantum interference and persists from T = 22 mK to 4.2 K. We have also compared the phase breaking length (l$_ϕ$) extracted from both magneto-conductivity and UCF which agree well within a factor of two in the entire temperature and gate voltage range. Our experiment confirms UCF as the major source of fluctuations in mesoscopic disordered topological insulators, and the intrinsic preservation of time reversal symmetry in these systems.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
title: Verhältnis des Selenstatus zur Neuro-Regeneration nach traumatischer Rückenmarksverletzung (TSCI)
Creators: name: Heller, Raban
name: Seelig, Julian
name: Bock, Tobias
name: Haubruck, Patrick
name: Grützner, Paul A.
name: Schomburg, Lutz
name: Moghaddam-Alvandi, Arash
name: Biglari, Bahram
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: neurological remission
subject: traumatic spinal cord injury
subject: selenium
subject: biomarker
subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Fragestellung: Das Spurenelement Selen (Se) ist entscheidend für die Biosynthese von Selenoproteinen. Sowohl die Entwicklung des Nervensystems als auch das Überleben von Neuronen, die Stress ausgesetzt sind, hängen von einer regelmäßigen Biosynthese von Selenoprotein und einer[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: Deutscher Kongress für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie (DKOU 2019)
Black Hole Formation in the First Stellar Clusters
Creators: name: Katz, Harley
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The early Universe was composed almost entirely of hydrogen and helium, with only trace amounts of heavy elements. It was only after the first generation of star formation that the Universe became sufficiently polluted to produce a second generation (Population II) of stars which are similar to those in our local Universe. Evidence of massive star cluster formation is nearly ubiquitous among the observed galaxy population and if this mode of star formation occurred at early enough epochs, the higher densities in the early Universe may have caused many of the stars in the cluster to strongly interact. In this scenario, it may be possible to form a very massive star by repeated stellar collisions that may directly collapse into a black hole and form a supermassive black hole seed. In this chapter, we will explore this scenario in detail to understand the dynamics which allow for this process to ensue and measure the probability for this type of seed to represent the supermassive black hole population observed at z > 6.
description: Preprint of the chapter "Black Hole Formation in the First Stellar Clusters", to be published in the review volume "Formation of the First Black Holes", Latif, M. and Schleicher, D. R. G., eds., World Scientific Publishing Company, 2018, pp 125-143 [see https://www.worldscientific.com/worldscibooks/10.1142/10652]
title: Korrelieren die subjektiven Ergebnisse des Oswestry Disability Index mit den objektiven Daten des Aktivitätstrackers (FitBit®) bei operativ versorgten, geriatrischen Patienten mit bilateraler Insuffizienzfraktur des Sakrum? Eine prospektive Analyse
Creators: name: Klauke, Friederike
name: Schenk, Philipp
name: Ullrich, Bernhard W.
name: Hofmann, Gunther O.
name: Mendel, Thomas
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Sakrum
subject: Spinopelvine Stabilisierung
subject: Insuffizienzfraktur
subject: Outcome
subject: Geriatrie
subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Fragestellung: Ein Mittel zur Objektivierung von Behandlungserfolgen sind standardisierte Fragebögen. Der Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) dient zur Quantifizierung von kreuzschmerzbedingten Einschränkungen und findet u.a. Anwendung bei Verletzungen des hinteren Beckenrings. In dieser prospektiven[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: Deutscher Kongress für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie (DKOU 2019)
Nonlinear Supersymmetric Effective Lagrangian and Goldstino Interactions at High Energies
Creators: name: Lee, Taekoon
name: Wu, Guo-Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the nonlinear supersymmetric effective lagrangian can be used for model-independent parameterization of the light gravitino scattering amplitude at energies up to and above the soft supersymmetry-breaking masses. This provides the most convenient framework for systematic studies of goldstino phenomenology both at low energies and in high energy colliders.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures
Three-dimensional quantum size effects in Au islands on MoS2
Creators: name: Kidd, T. E.
name: Weber, J.
name: Holzapfel, R.
name: Doore, K.
name: Stollenwerk, A. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum confinement was found to play a critical role in the formation of Au(111) islands grown on the surface of MoS2. These confinement effects are fully three dimensional, with a strong correlation to the relatively large Fermi wavelength associated with the Au(111) planes. The confinement effects result in preferred heights with a periodicity of nearly 2 nm and persist to much higher temperatures than are typically seen in electronic growth mode systems. These findings indicate the potential to explore electronic growth modes in a new class of systems based on metal - layered semiconductor interfaces.
Towards practical key exchange from ordinary isogeny graphs
Creators: name: De Feo, Luca
name: Kieffer, Jean
name: Smith, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We revisit the ordinary isogeny-graph based cryptosystems of Couveignes and Rostovtsev-Stolbunov, long dismissed as impractical. We give algorithmic improvements that accelerate key exchange in this framework, and explore the problem of generating suitable system parameters for contemporary pre-and post-quantum security that take advantage of these new algorithms. We also prove the session-key security of this key exchange in the Canetti-Krawczyk model, and the IND-CPA security of the related public-key encryption scheme, under reasonable assumptions on the hardness of computing isogeny walks. Our systems admit efficient key-validation techniques that yield CCA-secure encryp-tion, thus providing an important step towards efficient post-quantum non-interactive key exchange (NIKE).
title: Lettre de Jacques Leibowitch à Mesdames les surveillantes de l'Hôpital Raymond Poincaré
Creators: name: Leibowitch, Jacques
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020

description: Source: http://www.calames.abes.fr/pub/ms/Calames-20193111135137819
Evidence for Cosmic-Ray Escape in the Small Magellanic Cloud using Fermi Gamma-rays
Creators: name: Lopez, Laura A.
name: Auchettl, Katie
name: Linden, Tim
name: Bolatto, Alberto D.
name: Thompson, Todd A.
name: Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galaxy formation simulations demonstrate that cosmic-ray (CR) feedback may be important in the launching of galactic-scale winds. CR protons dominate the bulk of the CR population, yet most observational constraints of CR feedback come from synchrotron emission of CR electrons. In this paper, we present an analysis of 105 months of Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope observations of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), with the aim of exploring CR feedback and transport in an external galaxy. We produce maps of the 2-300 GeV emission and detect statistically significant, extended emission along the Bar and the Wing, where active star formation is occurring. Gamma-ray emission is not detected above 13 GeV, and we set stringent upper-limits on the flux above this energy. We find the best fit to the gamma-ray spectrum is a single-component model with a power-law of index $Γ=-2.11\pm0.06\pm0.06$ and an exponential cutoff energy of $E_{\rm c} =13.1\pm5.1\pm1.6$ GeV. We assess the relative contribution of pulsars and CRs to the emission, and we find that pulsars may produce up to 14$^{+4}_{-2}$% of the flux above 100 MeV. Thus, we attribute most of the gamma-ray emission (based on its spectrum and morphology) to CR interactions with the ISM. We show that the gamma-ray emissivity of the SMC is five times smaller than that of the Milky Way and that the SMC is far below the calorimetric limit, where all CR protons experience pion losses. We interpret these findings as evidence that CRs are escaping the SMC via advection and diffusion.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures, submitted to ApJ