cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Attack Vectors and Risks in Automobiles and Road Infrastructure
Creators: name: Brewer, John N.
name: Dimitoglou, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The evolution of smart automobiles and vehicles within the Internet of Things (IoT) - particularly as that evolution leads toward a proliferation of completely autonomous vehicles - has sparked considerable interest in the subject of vehicle/automotive security. While the attack surface is wide, there are patterns of exploitable vulnerabilities. In this study we reviewed, classified according to their attack surface, and evaluated some of the common vehicle and infrastructure attack vectors identified in the literature. To remediate these attack vectors, specific technical recommendations have been provided as a way towards secure deployments of smart automobiles and transportation infrastructures.
Road Development, Economic Growth, and Poverty Reduction in China
Creators: name: Fan, Shenggen
name: Chan-Kang, Connie
name: Fan, Shenggen
name: Chan-Kang, Connie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: Public Economics
subject: Roads
subject: Economic aspects
subject: China Infrastructure (Economics)
subject: Government policy
subject: Rural poor
subject: 1976–2000
subject: China
subject: Economic policy
subject: 2000 conditions
subject: Regional disparities
subject: Economic conditions

description: In 1978, China initiated its economic and agricultural policy reforms. The ensuing rapid economic growth led to transportation shortages and congestion problems and increased the demand for roads. Since 1985 the government has given high priority to road development, particularly the construction of high-quality roads such as highways and freeways. While the construction of high-quality roads has taken place at a remarkably rapid pace, the construction of lower-quality and mostly rural roads has been slow. This study evaluates the contribution of roads to economic growth and poverty reduction in China. It disaggregates road infrastructure into different classes of roads to account for quality, and then estimates the impact of road investments on overall economic growth, agricultural growth, urban growth, urban poverty reduction, and rural poverty reduction. The study finds that benefit–cost ratios for lower-quality roads (mostly rural) are about four times larger than those for high-quality roads when the benefits are measured in terms of national GDP. Even in terms of urban GDP, these ratios are much greater for low-quality roads than for high-quality roads. In terms of poverty reduction, the study finds that, for every yuan invested, lower-quality roads raise far more rural and urban poor people above the poverty line than high-quality roads. Another significant finding of the study is the tradeoff between growth and poverty reduction in different parts of China, implying the need to formulate different regional priorities depending on whether economic growth or poverty reduction is more important for a particular part of the country. IFPRI has long emphasized the importance of infrastructure for promoting economic growth and reducing poverty. Without this essential public good, efficient markets, adequate health care, a diversified rural economy, and sustainable economic growth will remain elusive. Effective development strategies require good infrastructure as their backbone. The enormous benefit of rural roads that the study reveals for China holds true for other countries as well. Investment in rural roads should be a top priority to reduce poverty, maximize the positive effects of other pro-poor investments, and foster broadly distributed economic growth.
Deep 1.4-GHz observations of diffuse polarized emission
Creators: name: Carretti, E.
name: Poppi, S.
name: Reich, W.
name: Reich, P.
name: Fuerst, E.
name: Bernardi, G.
name: Cortiglioni, S.
name: Sbarra, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Polarized diffuse emission observations at 1.4-GHz in a high Galactic latitude area of the northern Celestial hemisphere are presented. The 3.2 X 3.2 deg^2 field, centred at RA = 10h 58m, Dec = +42deg 18' (B1950), has Galactic coordinates l~172deg, b~+63deg and is located in the region selected as northern target of the BaR-SPOrt experiment. Observations have been performed with the Effelsberg 100-m telescope. We find that the angular power spectra of the E- and B-modes have slopes of beta_E = -1.79 +/- 0.13 and beta_B = -1.74 +/- 0.12, respectively. Because of the very high Galactic latitude and the smooth emission, a weak Faraday rotation action is expected, which allows both a fair extrapolation to Cosmic Microwave Background Polarization (CMBP) frequencies and an estimate of the contamination by Galactic synchrotron emission. We extrapolate the E-mode spectrum up to 32-GHz and confirm the possibility to safely detect the CMBP E-mode signal in the Ka band found in another low emission region (Carretti et al. 2005b). Extrapolated up to 90-GHz, the Galactic synchrotron B-mode looks to compete with the cosmic signal only for models with a tensor-to-scalar perturbation power ratio T/S < 0.001, which is even lower than the T/S value of 0.01 found to be accessible in the only other high Galactic latitude area investigated to date. This suggests that values as low as T/S = 0.01 might be accessed at high Galactic latitudes. Such low emission values can allow a significant red-shift of the best frequency to detect the CMBP B-mode, also reducing the contamination by Galactic dust, and opening interesting perspectives to investigate Inflation models.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Bayesian Sparse learning with preconditioned stochastic gradient MCMC and its applications
Creators: name: Wang, Yating
name: Deng, Wei
name: Guang, Lin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this work, we propose a Bayesian type sparse deep learning algorithm. The algorithm utilizes a set of spike-and-slab priors for the parameters in the deep neural network. The hierarchical Bayesian mixture will be trained using an adaptive empirical method. That is, one will alternatively sample from the posterior using preconditioned stochastic gradient Langevin Dynamics (PSGLD), and optimize the latent variables via stochastic approximation. The sparsity of the network is achieved while optimizing the hyperparameters with adaptive searching and penalizing. A popular SG-MCMC approach is Stochastic gradient Langevin dynamics (SGLD). However, considering the complex geometry in the model parameter space in non-convex learning, updating parameters using a universal step size in each component as in SGLD may cause slow mixing. To address this issue, we apply a computationally manageable preconditioner in the updating rule, which provides a step-size parameter to adapt to local geometric properties. Moreover, by smoothly optimizing the hyperparameter in the preconditioning matrix, our proposed algorithm ensures a decreasing bias, which is introduced by ignoring the correction term in preconditioned SGLD. According to the existing theoretical framework, we show that the proposed algorithm can asymptotically converge to the correct distribution with a controllable bias under mild conditions. Numerical tests are performed on both synthetic regression problems and learning the solutions of elliptic PDE, which demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of present work.
Adversarial Bipartite Graph Learning for Video Domain Adaptation
Creators: name: Luo, Yadan
name: Huang, Zi
name: Wang, Zijian
name: Zhang, Zheng
name: Baktashmotlagh, Mahsa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Domain adaptation techniques, which focus on adapting models between distributionally different domains, are rarely explored in the video recognition area due to the significant spatial and temporal shifts across the source (i.e. training) and target (i.e. test) domains. As such, recent works on visual domain adaptation which leverage adversarial learning to unify the source and target video representations and strengthen the feature transferability are not highly effective on the videos. To overcome this limitation, in this paper, we learn a domain-agnostic video classifier instead of learning domain-invariant representations, and propose an Adversarial Bipartite Graph (ABG) learning framework which directly models the source-target interactions with a network topology of the bipartite graph. Specifically, the source and target frames are sampled as heterogeneous vertexes while the edges connecting two types of nodes measure the affinity among them. Through message-passing, each vertex aggregates the features from its heterogeneous neighbors, forcing the features coming from the same class to be mixed evenly. Explicitly exposing the video classifier to such cross-domain representations at the training and test stages makes our model less biased to the labeled source data, which in-turn results in achieving a better generalization on the target domain. To further enhance the model capacity and testify the robustness of the proposed architecture on difficult transfer tasks, we extend our model to work in a semi-supervised setting using an additional video-level bipartite graph. Extensive experiments conducted on four benchmarks evidence the effectiveness of the proposed approach over the SOTA methods on the task of video recognition.
description: Proceedings of the 28th ACM International Conference on Multimedia (MM '20)
The shadow of light: further experimental evidences
Creators: name: Cardone, F.
name: Mignani, R.
name: Perconti, W.
name: Petrucci, A.
name: Scrimaglio, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the results of a double-slit-like experiment in the infrared range, which confirm those of a previous one by evidencing an anomalous behaviour of photon systems under particular (energy and space) constraints. These outcomes (independently confirmed by crossing photon beam experiments in both the optical and the microwave range) apparently rule out the Copenhagen interpretation of the quantum wave, i.e. the probability wave, by admitting an interpretation in terms of the Einstein-de Broglie-Bohm hollow wave for photons. Moreover, this second experiment further supports the interpretation of the hollow wave as a deformation of the Minkowski space-time geometry.
Development-Led Archaeology in Scotland and Covid-19
Creators: name: Aitchison, Kenneth
name: Heald, Andy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 129999 Built Environment and Design not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: Archaeology
subject: 210202 Heritage and Cultural Conservation
subject: FOS: Media and communications

description: A review of how development-led archaeology in Scotland continued to work through the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020
Some connections of complex dynamics
Creators: name: DeZotti, Alexandre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37Fxx (Primary) 30F40, 49M15, 82DXX, 85A99 (Secondary)

description: We survey some of the connections linking complex dynamics to other fields of mathematics and science. We hope to show that complex dynamics is not just interesting on its own but also has value as an applicable theory.
description: Accepted for publication in Advancements in Complex Analysis, Springer 2020
Spectroscopy on the eEDM-sensitive states of ThF$^+$
Creators: name: Ng, Kia Boon
name: Zhou, Yan
name: Cheng, Lan
name: Schlossberger, Noah
name: Park, Sun Yool
name: Roussy, Tanya S.
name: Caldwell, Luke
name: Shagam, Yuval
name: Vigil, Antonio J.
name: Cornell, Eric A.
name: Ye, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An excellent candidate molecule for the measurement of the electron's electric dipole moment (eEDM) is thorium monofluoride (ThF$^+$) because the eEDM-sensitive state, $^3Δ_1$, is the electronic ground state, and thus is immune to decoherence from spontaneous decay. We perform spectroscopy on $X\,^3Δ_1$ to extract three spectroscopic constants crucial to the eEDM experiment: the hyperfine coupling constant, the molecular frame electric dipole moment, and the magnetic $g$-factor. To understand the impact of thermal blackbody radiation on the vibrational ground state, we study the lifetime of the first excited vibrational manifold of $X\,^3Δ_1$. We perform ab initio calculations, compare them to our results, and discuss prospects for using ThF$^+$ in a new eEDM experiment at JILA.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures
Three-dimensional Numerical Simulations of Rayleigh-Taylor Unstable Flames in Type Ia Supernovae
Creators: name: Zingale, M.
name: Woosley, S. E.
name: Rendleman, C. A.
name: Day, M. S.
name: Bell, J. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Flame instabilities play a dominant role in accelerating the burning front to a large fraction of the speed of sound in a Type Ia supernova. We present a three-dimensional numerical simulation of a Rayleigh-Taylor unstable carbon flame, following its evolution through the transition to turbulence. A low Mach number hydrodynamics method is used, freeing us from the harsh timestep restrictions imposed by sound waves. We fully resolve the thermal structure of the flame and its reaction zone, eliminating the need for a flame model. A single density is considered, $1.5\times 10^7 \gcc$, and half carbon\slash half oxygen fuel--conditions under which the flame propagated in the flamelet regime in our related two-dimensional study. We compare to a corresponding two-dimensional simulation, and show that while fire-polishing keeps the small features suppressed in two dimensions, turbulence wrinkles the flame on far smaller scales in the three-dimensional case, suggesting that the transition to the distributed burning regime occurs at higher densities in three dimensions. Detailed turbulence diagnostics are provided. We show that the turbulence follows a Kolmogorov spectrum and is highly anisotropic on the large scales, with a much larger integral scale in the direction of gravity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that it becomes more isotropic as it cascades down to small scales. Based on the turbulent statistics and the flame properties of our simulation, we compute the Gibson scale. We show the progress of the turbulent flame through a classic combustion regime diagram, indicating that the flame just enters the distributed burning regime near the end of our simulation.
description: accepted to ApJ some figures degraded to conserve space
Bus Factor In Practice
Creators: name: Jabrayilzade, Elgun
name: Evtikhiev, Mikhail
name: Tüzün, Eray
name: Kovalenko, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Bus factor is a metric that identifies how resilient is the project to the sudden engineer turnover. It states the minimal number of engineers that have to be hit by a bus for a project to be stalled. Even though the metric is often discussed in the community, few studies consider its general relevance. Moreover, the existing tools for bus factor estimation focus solely on the data from version control systems, even though there exists other channels for knowledge generation and distribution. With a survey of 269 engineers, we find that the bus factor is perceived as an important problem in collective development, and determine the highest impact channels of knowledge generation and distribution in software development teams. We also propose a multimodal bus factor estimation algorithm that uses data on code reviews and meetings together with the VCS data. We test the algorithm on 13 projects developed at JetBrains and compared its results to the results of the state-of-the-art tool by Avelino et al. against the ground truth collected in a survey of the engineers working on these projects. Our algorithm is slightly better in terms of both predicting the bus factor as well as key developers compared to the results of Avelino et al. Finally, we use the interviews and the surveys to derive a set of best practices to address the bus factor issue and proposals for the possible bus factor assessment tool.
description: 10 pages
Estimating Motion Codes from Demonstration Videos
Creators: name: Alibayev, Maxat
name: Paulius, David
name: Sun, Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A motion taxonomy can encode manipulations as a binary-encoded representation, which we refer to as motion codes. These motion codes innately represent a manipulation action in an embedded space that describes the motion's mechanical features, including contact and trajectory type. The key advantage of using motion codes for embedding is that motions can be more appropriately defined with robotic-relevant features, and their distances can be more reasonably measured using these motion features. In this paper, we develop a deep learning pipeline to extract motion codes from demonstration videos in an unsupervised manner so that knowledge from these videos can be properly represented and used for robots. Our evaluations show that motion codes can be extracted from demonstrations of action in the EPIC-KITCHENS dataset.
description: IROS 2020 Submission -- 6 pages; initial upload (Last updated July 31st 2020)
Assessing and Attributing the Benefits from Varietal Improvement Research in Brazil
Creators: name: Pardey, Philip G.
name: Alston, Julian M.
name: Chan-Kang, Connie
name: Magalhaes, Eduardo Castelo
name: Vosti, Stephen A.
name: Pardey, Philip G.
name: Alston, Julian M.
name: Chan-Kang, Connie
name: Magalhaes, Eduardo Castelo
name: Vosti, Stephen A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Agriculture
subject: Research
subject: Brazil
subject: Economic aspects

description: As the number and variety of interconnected sources of agricultural innovations have continued to grow and evolve, so too have the demands for meaningful evidence of both the total payoff and the specific impacts of individual research providers. Important policy and practical funding decisions require a clear understanding of the shares of the overall benefits from investments in R&D attributable to domestic versus foreign and public versus private agencies, or even to individual agencies, as well as the total benefits accruing from innovation. This report provides a detailed economic assessment of the magnitude and sources of the economic benefits to Brazil since the early 1980s from varietal improvements in upland rice, edible beans, and soybeans—crops that span a range of interests from domestic (or even more localized) food security concerns, as with rice grown in typically rainfed, upland production systems, to crops with important international trade implications such as soybeans. The authors of this study pay particular attention to isolating the benefits from genetic improvement, distinct from other factors that change grain yield or quality. They use detailed information of the genetic and breeding histories of each crop and the institutional arrangements for more contemporary crop-improvement research in Brazil to attribute parts of the overall benefits to the research done by various agencies within Brazil, in particular the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária). Notably, the balance of local versus international spillin contributions to the improvement of each crop is sensitive to the particular crop and time period under consideration. Moreover, the estimated returns to research are especially sensitive to approaches taken to account for the multiplicity of past and present research providers involved in Brazilian crop improvements. Ignoring the efforts of others results in markedly upward-biased estimates of the returns to Embrapa research. Importantly though, even after attributing the overall benefits among the myriad of research providers, the returns to investments in Embrapa research on the three study crops are still substantive. As well as providing new and important evidence on Embrapa’s crop-improvement programs and their payoffs, this report provides more general insight into the importance of addressing attribution questions in evaluating public research investments, develops some methods for doing so, and illustrates how to apply them.
Managing Resources in Erratic Environments: An Analysis of Pastoralist Systems in Ethiopia, Niger, and Burkina Faso
Creators: name: McCarthy, Nancy
name: Dutilly-Diane, Celine
name: Drabo, Boureima
name: Kamara, Abdul B.
name: Vanderlinden, Jean-Paul
name: McCarthy, Nancy
name: Dutilly-Diane, Celine
name: Drabo, Boureima
name: Kamara, Abdul B.
name: Vanderlinden, Jean-Paul
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Range management
subject: Ethiopia
subject: Niger
subject: Burkina Faso
subject: Pastoral systems

description: Although 22 percent of land in sub-Saharan Africa is arid or semiarid rangeland, development policies have long been biased toward crop agriculture. In the wake of the Green Revolution, international and national agricultural research institutions focused on crop systems and plant breeding. As a result, the customary tenure arrangements that enabled pastoralists to move their livestock from one grazing ground to another fell out of favor. As climate-related crises and desertification have spiraled, however, research and policy interest in rangeland management issues have been renewed. As part of its strategy to seek policies for the efficient functioning of global food systems, IFPRI has been in the forefront of this research. In the 1990s, as part of a shared CGIAR initiative on property rights and collective action, IFPRI, in collaboration with the International Livestock Research Institute, began work on a project called “Property Rights, Risk, and Livestock Development,” with a focus on rangeland systems in sub-Saharan Africa. The research on resource management conducted for this report in three drought-prone countries of sub-Saharan Africa—Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, and Niger—is related to that work. This study analyzes the links between risk and the kinds of property rights that have evolved to provide the mobility needed to raise livestock where rainfall fluctuates, and it evaluates the impact of cooperation on resource management in these environments. Three interesting conclusions emerge from the analyses with respect to economic vulnerability and natural resource management in these environments. First, there is little evidence of dramatic misuse of land resources by herders; rather, evidence suggests that overstocking, limited herd mobility, and encroachment of farmland on common pastures vary a good deal both within and across countries. Second, stock densities are lower precisely in areas with very high rainfall variability, whereas herd mobility is strongly related to recent rainfall patterns. Finally, greater cooperative capacity significantly reduces grazing pressure on home resources. While it remains a challenge for policymakers to design and implement mechanisms to increase cooperative capacities, this research points to the scope for such action.
Human Capital, Household Welfare, and Children’s Schooling in Mozambique
Creators: name: Handa, Sudhanshu
name: Simler, Kenneth R.
name: Harrower, Sarah
name: Handa, Sudhanshu
name: Simler, Kenneth R.
name: Harrower, Sarah
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Education
subject: Economic aspects
subject: Mozambique
subject: Quality of life
subject: Social conditions
subject: Economic development
subject: Effect of education

description: In 1996, following years of war, the government of Mozambique invited IFPRI to analyze the country’s widespread poverty to help develop a strategy for alleviating it, based on a nationally representative household survey of living conditions. As part of the collaboration, IFPRI also provided training in policy analysis to researchers at the Ministry of Planning and Finance and to faculty at Eduardo Mondlane University. The initial collaborative work on the poverty assessment report by IFPRI and its host institutions was the starting point for numerous papers, policy briefs, seminars, and reports. Results from the poverty assessment and an IFPRI research report titled Rebuilding after War: Micro-level Determinants of Poverty Reduction in Mozambique identified education as a pivotal force for improving income and household well-being in Mozambique, and thus for reducing poverty. This finding motivated an in-depth study on the effect of adults’ past education on current living standards, the factors that influence children’s enrollment in (and dropout from) school, and the possible policy levers available to the government to increase education levels in one of the world’s poorest countries. This research report by Sudhanshu Handa and Kenneth R. Simler, with Sarah Harrower, is the product of that study. That education is important may come as no surprise, but the strength of the findings in this report regarding the particular benefits of educating women is nevertheless dramatic. Children of educated mothers are healthier and better nourished, and they in turn are more likely to go to school and to stay in school longer. Building more and better schools and alleviating the monetary costs of schooling—by, for example, reducing fees for tuition, books, uniforms, and lunches—all help increase the number of children in school. For the well-being of today’s families and for future generations, investment in education is clearly worthwhile, not only in Mozambique but in all countries where poverty is endemic.
On the good filtration dimension of Weyl modules for a linear algebraic group
Creators: name: Parker, Alison E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16G99, 20G05, 20G10

description: Let G be a linear algebraic group over an algebraically closed field of characteristic p whose corresponding root system is irreducible. In this paper we calculate the Weyl filtration dimension of the induced G-modules, \nabla(λ) and the simple G-modules L(λ), for λa regular weight. We use this to calculate some Ext groups of the form Ext^*(\nabla(λ),Δ(μ)), Ext^*(L(λ),L(μ)), and Ext^*(\nabla(λ), \nabla(μ)), where λ, μare regular and Δ(μ) is the Weyl module of highest weight μ. We then deduce the projective dimensions and injective dimensions for L(λ), \nabla(λ) and Δ(λ) for λa regular weight in associated generalised Schur algebras. We also deduce the global dimension of the Schur algebras for GL_n, S(n,r), when p>n and for S(mp,p) with m an integer.
description: 17 pages, uses amsart v. 2.08
Strategies for Sustainable Land Management and Poverty Reduction in Uganda
Creators: name: Nkonya, Ephraim M.
name: Pender, John L.
name: Jagger, Pamela
name: Sserunkuuma, Dick
name: Kaizzi, Crammer
name: Ssali, Henry
name: Nkonya, Ephraim M.
name: Pender, John L.
name: Jagger, Pamela
name: Sserunkuuma, Dick
name: Kaizzi, Crammer
name: Ssali, Henry
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Land use
subject: Government policy
subject: Uganda
subject: Food supply
subject: Poor
subject: Nutrition
subject: Agriculture and state
subject: Land capability for agriculture
subject: Data processing

description: Poverty reduction is one of the overarching objectives of most of Sub-Saharan Africa and other low-income countries. Accordingly, one of IFPRI’s major research themes focuses on policies and strategies for poverty reduction. This research report contributes knowledge to that theme. It also contributes to IFPRI’s ongoing investigation of policies and strategies that foster broad-based and environmentally sustainable agricultural and rural development. In Uganda, where soil erosion and depletion of soil nutrients are widespread, land degradation is a major cause of declining productivity and increasing poverty. In this study, Ephraim Nkonya and his colleagues measure the relative merits of various household income strategies and land management practices in Uganda to determine which most effectively improve agricultural production, household income, and the condition of the land. They determine the causes of land degradation, examine the impacts of policies and programs on income strategies and land management decisions, and assess the trade-offs and complementarities among different objectives. Most policies that boost income and productivity while reducing adverse effects on the environment involve trade-offs. For example, improved education is shown to lead to higher incomes and better soil nutrient balances, but it may also reduce crop production and increase soil erosion, as a result of reduced farm labor intensity. No single solution will improve all outcomes simultaneously: different solutions are required for different situations and localities. Although opportunities for wins all around the board are few, this report provides a wealth of information to help the farmers and policymakers of Uganda and other diverse nations weigh their options for increasing agricultural productivity and sustainability. Its analysis of the complex relationships among different interventions will surely prove useful in designing policies and strategies for addressing land degradation and poverty sustainably.
Linkages between government spending, growth, and poverty in rural India
Creators: name: Fan, Shenggen
name: Hazell, Peter B.R.
name: Thorat, Sukhadeo
name: Fan, Shenggen
name: Hazell, Peter B.R.
name: Thorat, Sukhadeo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Rural poor
subject: India
subject: Domestic Economic assistance
subject: Public investments
subject: Government spending policy

description: This research report on India addresses an important policy issue faced by policymakers in many developing countries: how to allocate public funds more efficiently in order to achieve both growth and poverty-reduction goals in rural areas. This research is particularly important at a time when many developing countries are undergoing substantial budget cuts as part of macroeconomic reforms and adjustment. The econometric model employed in this research includes a broad range of government expenditure items. It traces their effects on productivity growth and poverty alleviation and ranks them, exploring the potential trade-offs and complementarities of the two goals. Of the various investments weighed, the report finds that investments in rural roads and agricultural research and development have the greatest impact, while government spending specifically targeted to poverty reduction such as rural development and employment programs have only modest effects. In the light of these results, many developing countries may want to take a second look at their policies for poverty reduction and growth. This report is the first of several planned at IFPRI under a new program of work on public investment policies for agriculture and rural areas. Similar work is already ongoing in China and is planned for Africa. Related studies will also examine ways to improve efficiency in the supply of public goods for rural areas, both in terms of improving performance and reducing unit costs within public institutions, and in clarifying the appropriate roles of the public, private, and civil society sectors. Work is also planned on issues related to the financing of public investments in rural areas.
Aßfalg, Julius; Krüger, Paul: Kleines Wörterbuch des Christlichen Orients Wiesbaden 1975
Creators: name: Molitor, Joseph
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 60 (1976): Oriens christianus, Band 60
FOOD PROCESSING ASSETS
Creators: name: Gallo, Anthony E.
name: Gallo, Anthony E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: U.S. food processing sector assets are valued at about $360 billion, or about 12 percent of all manufacturing assets. Profit and sales returns on assets in food processing are among the highest in the U.S. economy. Foreign holdings comprise a significant portion of food processors' assets.
New Conductive Opacities for White Dwarf Envelopes
Creators: name: Blouin, Simon
name: Shaffer, Nathaniel R.
name: Saumon, Didier
name: Starrett, Charles E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thanks to their continuous cooling and relative simplicity, white dwarf stars are routinely used to measure the ages of stellar populations. The usefulness of white dwarfs as cosmochronometers depends on the availability of accurate cooling models. A key ingredient of those models are the conductive opacities, which largely govern the cooling rate. In this work, we present improved conductive opacities for the regime of moderate coupling and moderate degeneracy that characterizes an important portion of the envelopes of DA and DB white dwarfs. We find differences of up to a factor 3 between our calculations and the commonly used opacities of Cassisi et al. (2007), which we attribute to an improved account of electron-electron scattering. The cooling models are strongly affected by those changes in the conductive opacities: the age of a 4000 K white dwarf can be reduced by as much as 2 Gyr. We provide analytical fits to our new opacities to facilitate the implementation of this important effect in white dwarf evolution codes.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables. Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
A note on monomial ideals
Creators: name: Barile, Margherita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13A10; 13A15; 13F55

description: We show that the number of elements generating a squarefree monomial ideal up to radical can always be bounded above in terms of the number of its minimal monomial generators and the maximal height of its minimal primes.
COMPETITIVENESS OF THE UNITED STATES AND THE ASEAN IN THE INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL MARKET
Creators: name: Salvacruz, Joseph C.
name: Salvacruz, Joseph C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: Three alternative measures were used to determine the competitiveness of the U.S. and the members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in the international agricultural market. Evidence suggests that while the competitiveness of the U.S. has become fairly stable across time, the ASEAN countries have exhibited fluctuating trends, with pronounced increasing trends during the past five years. The impact of technological progress on international agricultural competitiveness was also analyzed. Competitiveness was found to be influenced by interest rates, labor availability, and endogenous technology driven by foreign aid, direct foreign investments, and farm size. These findings provide policymakers and agribusiness managers with relevant inputs which could be useful in formulating appropriate technology generating and/or transfer policies contributing to their country's improved international competitiveness.
Collective excitations in a superfluid of color-flavor locked quark matter
Creators: name: Fukushima, Kenji
name: Iida, Kei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate collective excitations coupled with baryon density in a system of massless three-flavor quarks in the collisionless regime. By using the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model in the mean-field approximation, we derive the spectra both for the normal and color-flavor locked (CFL) superfluid phases at zero temperature. In the normal phase, we obtain zero sound as a low-lying collective mode in the particle-hole (vector) channel. In the CFL phase, when the excitation energy, $ω$, is smaller than the threshold given by twice the pairing gap $Δ$ ($ω<2Δ$), a phonon corresponding to fluctuations in the U(1) phase of $Δ$ appears as a sharp peak in the particle-particle ($H$) channel. We reproduce the property known from low energy effective theories that this mode propagates at a velocity of $v_H=1/\sqrt{3}$ in the low momentum regime; the decay constant $f_H$ in the NJL model is identical with the QCD result in the mean-field approximation. We also find that as the momentum of the phonon increases, the excitation energy goes up and asymptotically approaches $ω=2Δ$. Above the threshold for pair excitations ($ω>2Δ$), zero sound manifests itself in the vector channel. By locating the zero sound pole of the vector propagator in the complex energy plane we investigate the attenuation and energy dispersion relation of zero sound. In the long wavelength limit, the phonon mode has its spectral weight in the $H$ channel alone, while the spectral function vanishes in the vector channel. We finally extend our study to the case of nonzero temperature.
description: 16 pages, 13 figures (Fig.8 added in the revised version)
Homological algebra with locally compact abelian groups
Creators: name: Hoffmann, Norbert
name: Spitzweck, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 22B05 (Primary) 18G10 (Secondary)

description: In this article we study locally compact abelian (LCA) groups from the viewpoint of derived categories, using that their category is quasi-abelian in the sense of J.-P. Schneiders. We define a well-behaved derived Hom-complex with values in the derived category of Hausdorff topological abelian groups. Furthermore we introduce a smallness condition for LCA groups and show that such groups have a natural tensor product and internal Hom which both admit derived versions.
description: 18 pages, AMSLaTeX
CHANGES IN THE FOOD DISTRIBUTION NETWORK IN TOKYO, JAPAN
Creators: name: McBryde, Gary L.
name: McBryde, Gary L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: The Japanese food distribution network is more complex than other developed nations. This not only makes retail food prices more expensive but can make market entry for foreign companies difficult. In part demographic, cultural, economic, and institutional factors have led to the development of the existing system, and are playing a role in its change. U.S. businesses are not passive in the outcome of the future system. Japan relies heavily on food imports yet demands a high quality and stable source of supplies. Businesses that meet that demand will be an effective part of the future distribution system.
Systematic review of organochlorine pesticide exposure and risk of prostate cancer development and progression
Creators: name: BRUREAU, Laurent
name: Multigner, Luc
name: Hamdy, Freddie
name: Blanchet, Pascal
name: Bryant, Richard
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 111299 Oncology and Carcinogenesis not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: This a systematic review about organochlorine pesticide exposure and the relationship with prostate cancer in particular development and progression of this disease.
TRENDS IN CONSUMER ACCEPTANCE AND AWARENESS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
Creators: name: Hoban, Thomas J.
name: Hoban, Thomas J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: The promise of agricultural biotechnology has become reality. Foods produced through biotechnology will become increasingly common in the food production and distribution system. Consumer reaction to these foods will be an important factor in determining the ultimate success of the biotechnology enterprise. This paper reviews trends in U.S. consumers' awareness and acceptance of biotechnology. Results of several national surveys show that biotechnology has not been an issue for the vast majority of consumers. Most have a positive attitude about biotechnology. This paper also presents some implications for future research and educational programs.
Return probability: Exponential versus Gaussian decay
Creators: name: Izrailev, F. M.
name: Castaneda-Mendoza, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze, both analytically and numerically, the time-dependence of the return probability in closed systems of interacting particles. Main attention is paid to the interplay between two regimes, one of which is characterized by the Gaussian decay of the return probability, and another one is the well known regime of the exponential decay. Our analytical estimates are confirmed by the numerical data obtained for two models with random interaction. In view of these results, we also briefly discuss the dynamical model which was recently proposed for the implementation of a quantum computation.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures; revised version accepted for publication
CHANGING EMPHASIS IN AGRIBUSINESS CURRICULA
Creators: name: Larson, Ronald B.
name: Larson, Ronald B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: Required courses for agribusiness degrees at forty-three schools were divided into six categories. The ranges in the percentage of required credits by category were quite large. Industry leaders, alumni, and employers have suggested increasing the course work on communications and business skills to improve the curricula. However, a comparison of degree requirements over time for a sample of twelve programs did not reveal major increases in emphasis for these areas. Departments should consider customer needs and competing programs as they review their curricula and attempt to add more value to their educational products.
முதலாழ்வார்கள் முன்னிருத்தும் உபதேசங்கள்
Creators: name: Devarkaivalyam, Ashok
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 200315 Indian Languages
subject: FOS: Languages and literature
subject: 200520 Indian Literature

description: முதலாழ்வார்கள் உணர்ந்த உணர்வுகளையும் அதனால் விளைந்த அனுபவங்களையும் கொண்டு இறை அடியவர்களுக்கு நன்னெறிகளை உபதேசித்தனர். அவை ஒப்பற்ற வாழ்வியல் நெறியாக விளங்குகின்றன. வழிபாட்டில் வெறுப்பு, வேறுபாடு, ஆசைகள் கூடாது. இறை வழிபாட்டால் பிறவித்துன்பமும் பிறதுன்பமும் நீங்கி மனமானது பக்குவப்படும் என்கின்றனர். இவற்றையெல்லாம் இக்கட்டுரை ஆராய்கிறது.
Recherches sur l'Orient chrétien à l'Université Catholique de Louvain
Creators: name: Lafontaine, Guy
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 60 (1976): Oriens christianus, Band 60
Scale-up and modeling of flotation columns using surface areas
Creators: name: Flint, Ian Matthew
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This research presents three models of froth flotation that recognize flotation as an interfacial phenomenon wherein the rate of solids-surface-area removal is related to the bubble-surfacearea flux. These models use two "streams", air and liquid, within the vessel. The solids within the column are associated with one, or both, of these streams. The procedures and benefits of batch tests for flotation columns are also outlined. The first model uses this batch data and the simplex method of non-linear regression to determine four model parameters: a kinetic rate constant, maximum recovery, entrainment and carrying capacity. These parameters are then used in the second model in order to estimate continuous column performance. Within the continuous model, carrying capacity is determined by overflow bubble size; recovery within the froth zone is determined by loss of bubble surface area; and solids transfer from liquid- to gas-phase is estimated by kinetic relationships and the axial dispersion model. The prediction performance of the model is verified using both batch mechanical cell and column flotation cell batch data. The final model "framework" characterizes the effect of bubble residence time and bubble loading rates within a flotation cell using mechanistic bubble - particle collision and attachment relationships.
Scaling of the superconducting transition temperature in underdoped high-Tc cuprates with a pseudogap energy: Does this support the anyon model of their superfluidity?
Creators: name: Angilella, G. G. N.
name: March, N. H.
name: Pucci, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In earlier work, we have been concerned with the scaling properties of some classes of superconductors, specifically with heavy Fermion materials and with five bcc transition metals of BCS character. Both of these classes of superconductors were three-dimensional but here we are concerned solely with quasi-two-dimensional high-Tc cuprates in the underdoped region of their phase diagram. A characteristic feature of this part of the phase diagram is the existence of a pseudogap (pg). We therefore build our approach around the assumption that kB Tc / E_pg is the basic dimensionless ratio on which to focus, where the energy E_pg introduced above is a measure of the pseudogap. Since anyon fractional statistics apply to two-dimensional assemblies, we expect the fractional statistics parameter allowing `interpolation' between Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein statistical distribution functions as limiting cases to play a significant role in determining kB Tc / E_pg and experimental data are analyzed with this in mind.
description: Phys. Chem. Liquids, to be published
Vehicle Attribute Recognition by Appearance: Computer Vision Methods for Vehicle Type, Make and Model Classification
Creators: name: Ni, Xingyang
name: Huttunen, Heikki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper studies vehicle attribute recognition by appearance. In the literature, image-based target recognition has been extensively investigated in many use cases, such as facial recognition, but less so in the field of vehicle attribute recognition. We survey a number of algorithms that identify vehicle properties ranging from coarse-grained level (vehicle type) to fine-grained level (vehicle make and model). Moreover, we discuss two alternative approaches for these tasks, including straightforward classification and a more flexible metric learning method. Furthermore, we design a simulated real-world scenario for vehicle attribute recognition and present an experimental comparison of the two approaches.
description: Published in Journal of Signal Processing Systems