Tabernaemontana oaxacana A. O. Simoes & M. E. Endress
Creators: name: Alvarado-Cárdenas, Leonardo O.
name: Lozada-Pérez, Lucio
name: Cadena, Joselin
name: Hernández, Sofia Islas-
name: Martínez-González, C. Ramiro
name: Cortez, Ericka B.
name: González- Martínez, César A.
name: González-Ramírez, Ixchel S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Gentianales
Apocynaceae
Tabernaemontana
Tabernaemontana oaxacana

description: 13. Tabernaemontana oaxacana (L.O. Alvarado 2007: 190–191) A.O. Simões & M.E. Endress in Simões et al. (2010:   
 787). ≡ Stemmadenia oaxacana L.O. Alvarado. (Fig. 2, 3).   
 Type:— MEXICO. Oaxaca: Dpto. Miahuatlán, 1 km al N de San J. Coatlán, cañada de San Jerónimo, 20 Apr 1990, en floración, A. Campos V., A. García M. & J. Reyes S. 3061 (holotype MEXU 01191501!).   
 Treelets or shrubs 1–4 m tall. Petioles 1–8 mm long; blades 3.5–9(–15) × 1.5–4.5(–6) cm, membranaceous, ovate, elliptic to obovate, base acute, apex acute to short acuminate, margin entire, glabrous on both sides, or spreading pubescent along midvein abaxially. Inflorescence 2–6 flowers, peduncle 1–4 mm long; bracts 0.7–2.2 mm long, ovate, scarious; pedicels 0.7–1 cm long; sepals equal to subequal, 3–4(6) mm long, ovate, acute, inconspicuous venation; corolla hypocrateriform, yellow, tube 2.1–2.6 × 0.5–0.7 cm, twisted around the anthers, staminal ridges present, suprastaminal corona of five wing-shaped lobes present, opposite the anthers, along the tube, limb lobes 1.6–1.8 × 0.45–0.5 cm, oblongo-obovate; stamens inserted on or above of the middle of the corolla tube, anthers 4–5 mm long, included, yellow; pistil 1.3–1.5 cm long, nectary present. Follicles 2.9–3.9 × 1.6–1.9 cm, obliquely ellipsoid to subreniform, obtuse to short apiculate, with 2 lateral ridges, not lenticellate, green-yellowish, smooth, glabrous; seeds 7–8 mm long.   
 Habitat and phenology: —Tropical deciduous forest, oak forest, and secondary vegetation; with an elevation range from 100–930 m a.s.l. Flowering from May to September, fruiting from July to August.   
 Distribution: —Endemic to Mexico, in the state of Oaxaca (Fig. 6c).   
 Conservation status: — Tabernaemontana oaxacana is restricted to a few known localities in the state of Oaxaca (Fig. 6c) that cover less than 1% of the area of Mexico (EOO 3,209 km 2 and AOO 24 km 2, Table 3); its populations are scarce, and grazing and building activities may significantly reduce the number of individuals in the future. We suggest that this species be included in the endangered category.   
 Additional specimens examined:— MEXICO. Oaxaca: Mun. San Miguel del Puerto, 2000 m al noroeste del rancho San Agustín sobre el camino a la Finca La Colorada, 930 m a.s.l., 23 Aug 2001, Saynes 2560 (MEXU, SERO); Cascadas de Copalitla, 9 km al oeste de Sta. María Xadari, 400 m a.s.l., 24 Jul 2001, Elorsa 4924 (MEXU); Copalitilla, cascadas del río, 320 m a.s.l., 30 Jul 1999, Rivera 1764 (MEXU); El Achiote, 390 m a.s.l., 26 May 2002, Pascual 448 (IEB, QMEX, SERO); Llano del Horno, 755 m a.s.l., 23 Jul 2000, López 364 (MEXU); Mun. Santa María Huatulco, La Herradura, 9.3 km al NW camino a la finca Añoranza, 360 m a.s.l., 04 May 2001, Saynes 2124 (MEXU, SERO).   
 Common names and uses: —“bola de leche” (Oaxaca).   
 Notes: — Tabernaemontana oaxacana is morphologically similar to T. ochoterenae due to the hypocrateriform corolla (Fig. 2), but can be separated by its equal to subequal sepals (vs. strongly unequal sepals with two series), and its distribution restricted to Oaxaca (vs. distributed Colima, Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca and Sinaloa).
description: Published as part of Alvarado-Cárdenas, Leonardo O., Lozada-Pérez, Lucio, Cadena, Joselin, Hernández, Sofia Islas-, Martínez-González, C. Ramiro, Cortez, Ericka B., González- Martínez, César A. & González-Ramírez, Ixchel S., 2019, The triad of knowledge: Systematic, diversity and conservation status of the Mexican species of Tabernaemontana (Apocynaceae; Rauvolfioideae: tribe Tabernaemontaneae), pp. 1-46 in Phytotaxa 388 (1) on pages 31-32, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.388.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13725393