cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Ologs: a categorical framework for knowledge representation
Creators: name: Spivak, David I.
name: Kent, Robert E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: H.2.1; H.5.2
subject: 00-01, 18-01, 68P20, 68T30

description: In this paper we introduce the olog, or ontology log, a category-theoretic model for knowledge representation (KR). Grounded in formal mathematics, ologs can be rigorously formulated and cross-compared in ways that other KR models (such as semantic networks) cannot. An olog is similar to a relational database schema; in fact an olog can serve as a data repository if desired. Unlike database schemas, which are generally difficult to create or modify, ologs are designed to be user-friendly enough that authoring or reconfiguring an olog is a matter of course rather than a difficult chore. It is hoped that learning to author ologs is much simpler than learning a database definition language, despite their similarity. We describe ologs carefully and illustrate with many examples. As an application we show that any primitive recursive function can be described by an olog. We also show that ologs can be aligned or connected together into a larger network using functors. The various methods of information flow and institutions can then be used to integrate local and global world-views. We finish by providing several different avenues for future research.
description: 38 pages
Normal Convergence Using Malliavin Calculus With Applications and Examples
Creators: name: R, Juan Jose Viquez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60G22, 60G15, 60G20

description: We prove the chain rule in the more general framework of the Wiener-Poisson space, allowing us to obtain the so-called Nourdin-Peccati bound. From this bound we obtain a second-order Poincare-type inequality that is useful in terms of computations. For completeness we survey these results on the Wiener space, the Poisson space, and the Wiener-Poisson space. We also give several applications to central limit theorems with relevant examples: linear functionals of Gaussian subordinated fields (where the subordinated field can be processes like fractional Brownian motion or the solution of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck SDE driven by fractional Brownian motion), Poisson functionals in the first Poisson chaos restricted to infinitely many \small" jumps (particularly fractional Levy processes) and the product of two Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes (one in the Wiener space and the other in the Poisson space). We also obtain bounds for their rate of convergence to normality.
description: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1104.1837
title: Kontrapunktische Studien zu Schwarzsein und Schwarzem Europa – Das Schwarze queer-feministische Magazin Afrekete als Wissensarchiv
Creators: name: Auma, Maisha M.
name: Kinder, Katja
name: Piesche, Peggy
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: ADEFRA
subject: Intersektionalität
subject: Schwarzer Feminismus
subject: Zeitschrift
subject: ddc:303

description: Die Zeitschrift Afrekte war ein zentrales Wissens-, Bildungs- und Diskursarchiv Schwarzer feministischer Bewegung und Auseinandersetzung; sie wurde lokal in Deutschland produziert, sie war jedoch zugleich transnational – was die Verwobenheit schwarzfeministischer Kontexte zeigt. Der Beitrag besteht aus einer dreistimmigen Perspektivierung des kollektiven Wissens und der Archivbildung dieser Zeitschrift sowie des seit 35 Jahren bestehenden queer*feministischen Organisationsraumes Adefra, Schwarze Frauen in Deutschland. Untersucht und vorgestellt, werden kollektive Prozesse, der Gegennarrative, Ent-Normalisierung und Gegen-Archive. Verdeutlicht werden Schwarze lesbische, Liebes- und Lebensweisen, die sich in Gedichten, analytischen Artikeln, Zeichnungen und Bildern in der Zeitschrift Afrekete wiedergefunden haben. Verdeutlicht wird ein Prozess der kollektiven Auseinandersetzung mit Rassismus, institutionalisiertem Weiß-sein und heteronormen Strukturen, die der Kollektivraum Adefra durch das Herstellen der Zeitschrift Afrekte erfährt.
Personal control over the cure of breast cancer: adaptiveness, underlying beliefs and correlates.
Creators: name: Henselmans, Inge
name: Sanderman, Robbert
name: Helgeson, Vicki
name: Vries, Jakob De
name: Smink, Ans
name: Adelita V  Ranchor
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: OBJECTIVES: Although cognitive adaptation theory suggests that personal control acts as a stress buffer when facing adversity, maladaptive outcomes might occur when control is disconfirmed. The moderating effect of disappointing news on the adaptiveness of personal control over cure in women with breast cancer was examined and contrasted with the effect on the adaptiveness of general control over life. Additionally, the underlying beliefs and correlates of control over cure were explored. METHODS: Women with newly diagnosed breast cancer were assessed after surgery (n=228). For a sub-sample (n=133) data before surgery and after the end of treatment were available as well. Data were collected through questionnaires and face-to-face interviews. The prescription of chemotherapy after surgery was used as an indicator of disappointing news. RESULTS: A chemotherapy prescription neither enhances nor limits the adaptiveness of disease-specific or general control perceptions. Women reported that maintaining a positive attitude, accepting treatment and adopting a healthy life style gave them a sense of control over cure. Women with a strong sense of control over cure more often had invasive cancer, were younger and were best characterized by high optimism and strong sense of control over life. CONCLUSIONS: The findings add to our understanding of exaggerated control perceptions in cancer patients treated with curative intent and do not give reason to assume that such perceptions should be altered because of potentially maladaptive effects. On the contrary, a strong sense of control over the cure of breast cancer seems to reflect the capacity to adapt.
A Cosmic Microwave Background feature consistent with a cosmic texture
Creators: name: Cruz, M.
name: Turok, N.
name: Vielva, P.
name: Martinez-Gonzalez, E.
name: Hobson, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Cosmic Microwave Background provides our most ancient image of the Universe and our best tool for studying its early evolution. Theories of high energy physics predict the formation of various types of topological defects in the very early universe, including cosmic texture which would generate hot and cold spots in the Cosmic Microwave Background. We show through a Bayesian statistical analysis that the most prominent, 5 degree radius cold spot observed in all-sky images, which is otherwise hard to explain, is compatible with having being caused by a texture. From this model, we constrain the fundamental symmetry breaking energy scale to be phi_0 ~ 8.7 x 10^(15) GeV. If confirmed, this detection of a cosmic defect will probe physics at energies exceeding any conceivable terrestrial experiment.
description: Accepted by Science. Published electronically via Science Express on 25 October 2007, http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/1148694
Factorization of nonlinear supersymmetry in one-dimensional Quantum Mechanics. I: general classification of reducibility and analysis of the third-order algebra
Creators: name: Andrianov, A. A.
name: Sokolov, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study possible factorizations of supersymmetric (SUSY) transformations in the one-dimensional quantum mechanics into chains of elementary Darboux transformations with nonsingular coefficients. A classification of irreducible (almost) isospectral transformations and of related SUSY algebras is presented. The detailed analysis of SUSY algebras and isospectral operators is performed for the third-order case.
description: 16 pages
Brief von Leopold Zunz und Isaak Markus Jost an ... Fränkel, 25.05.1833
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 1833
Subjects: subject: 090

description: Einladung zur Beteiligung der ehemaligen Schüler der Samsonschule an einem Geschenk für Samuel Meyer Ehrenberg zur Silbernen Hochzeit
Lognormal scale invariant random measures
Creators: name: Allez, Romain
name: Rhodes, Rémi
name: Vargas, Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this article, we consider the continuous analog of the celebrated Mandelbrot star equation with lognormal weights. Mandelbrot introduced this equation to characterize the law of multiplicative cascades. We show existence and uniqueness of measures satisfying the aforementioned continuous equation; these measures fall under the scope of the Gaussian multiplicative chaos theory developed by J.P. Kahane in 1985 (or possibly extensions of this theory). As a by product, we also obtain an explicit characterization of the covariance structure of these measures. We also prove that qualitative properties such as long-range independence or isotropy can be read off the equation.
description: 31 pages; Probability Theory and Related Fields (2012) electronic version
BPS operators in $\mathcal{N}=4$ $SO(N)$ super Yang-Mills theory: plethysms, dominoes and words
Creators: name: Lewis-Brown, Christopher
name: Ramgoolam, Sanjaye
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Permutations and associated algebras allow the construction of half and quarter BPS operators in maximally supersymmetric Yang Mills theory with $U(N)$, $SO(N)$ and $Sp(N) $ gauge groups. The construction leads to bases for the operators, labelled by Young diagrams and associated group theory data, which have been shown to be orthogonal under the inner product defined by the free field two-point functions. In this paper, we study in detail the orientifold projection map between the Young diagram basis for $U(N)$ theories and the Young diagram basis for $ SO(N)$ (and $ Sp(N)$) half-BPS operators. We find a simple connection between this map and the plethystic refinement of the Littlewood Richardson coefficients which couple triples of Young diagrams where two of them are identical. This plethystic refinement is known to be computable using an algorithm based on domino tilings of Young diagrams. We discuss the domino combinatorics of the orientifold projection map in terms of giant graviton branes. The permutation construction of $SO(N)$ operators is used to find large N generating functions. The structure of these generating functions is elucidated using the combinatorics of words, organised according to their periodicity. Aperiodic words in the $U(N)$ theory are Lyndon words and an $SO(N)$ analogue of Lyndon words is defined using a minimal periodicity condition. We calculate the normalization factor for the orthogonal basis of Young diagram operators in the baryonic sector of $SO(N)$.
description: 112 pages, 16 figures
Amplitudes and lifetimes of solar-like oscillations observed by CoRoT* Red-giant versus main-sequence stars
Creators: name: Baudin, F.
name: Barban, C.
name: Belkacem, K.
name: Hekker, S.
name: Morel, T.
name: Samadi, R.
name: Benomar, O.
name: Goupil, M. -J.
name: Carrier, F.
name: Ballot, J.
name: Deheuvels, S.
name: De Ridder, J.
name: Hatzes, A. P.
name: Kallinger, T.
name: Weiss, W. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. The advent of space-borne missions such as CoRoT or Kepler providing photometric data has brought new possibilities for asteroseismology across the H-R diagram. Solar-like oscillations are now observed in many stars, including red giants and main- sequence stars. Aims. Based on several hundred identified pulsating red giants, we aim to characterize their oscillation amplitudes and widths. These observables are compared with those of main-sequence stars in order to test trends and scaling laws for these parameters for both main-sequence stars and red giants. Methods. An automated fitting procedure is used to analyze several hundred Fourier spectra. For each star, a modeled spectrum is fitted to the observed oscillation spectrum, and mode parameters are derived. Results. Amplitudes and widths of red-giant solar-like oscillations are estimated for several hundred modes of oscillation. Amplitudes are relatively high (several hundred ppm) and widths relatively small (very few tenths of a μHz). Conclusions. Widths measured in main-sequence stars show a different variation with the effective temperature than red giants. A single scaling law is derived for mode amplitudes of both red giants and main-sequence stars versus their luminosity to mass ratio. However, our results suggest that two regimes may also be compatible with the observations.
description: Accepted in A&A on 2011 February 8th, now includes corrections (results now more precise on \Gamma and A_max in Section 4.3 and 4.4, fig. 7 corrected consequently)
PERSON VARIABLES AND HEALTH - PERSONALITY PREDISPOSITIONS AND ACUTE PSYCHOLOGICAL STATES AS SHARED DETERMINANTS FOR DISEASE
Creators: name: M F SCHEIER
name: M W BRIDGES
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: This article reviews prospective evidence linking certain classes of person variables to multiple disease end points. Included in the review is a consideration of the effects of hostility and anger, emotional suppression, depression, fatalism, and pessimism on coronary heart disease, cancer, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. A model is presented that integrates several of these variables into an overall conceptual scheme. In addition, several variables are identified that appear to moderate the strength of the relationships that are found between person variables and health. The article concludes with some suggested directions for future research.
Collaboration for succesful agroforestry systems - Współpraca dla usprawnienia systemów agroleśnictwa
Creators: name: Harriett, Bell
name: Westaway Sally
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Farmer cooperation; collaborative working; business model; tenant; land owner
współpraca rolników; model biznesowy
dzierżawca
właściciel gruntów

description: Kluczową zaletą współpracy wielu partnerów jest połączenie ich wiedzy i umiejętności, co pozwala w rezultacie na stworzenie systemu o większej odporności społecznej i ekonomicznej – każdy zapewnia rynek zbytu dla swoich produktów, a dzięki wzajemnej współpracy partnerzy mogą uzyskać dostęp do nowych rynków; każdy z nich ma możliwość powiększenia swojego zasięgu na rynku. - A key benefit of multiple partners is that combining different people's skills and expertise results is a system that is more socially and economically resilient - everyone brings their own markets for their own crop and by working together can access different markets; everyone has the potential to grow their market reach. Cooperation between all stakeholders and open communication right from the start and throughout the planning process are also key to making this model work.
Optimal contracts under competition when uncertainty from adverse selection and moral hazard are present
Creators: name: Packham, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Portfolio Management (q-fin.PM)
subject: Theoretical Economics (econ.TH)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: In a continuous-time setting where a risk-averse agent controls the drift of an output process driven by a Brownian motion, optimal contracts are linear in the terminal output; this result is well-known in a setting with moral hazard and -under stronger assumptions - adverse selection. We show that this result continues to hold when in addition reservation utilities are type-dependent. This type of problem occurs in the study of optimal compensation problems involving competing principals.
The Investigation of Social Media Data Thresholds for Opinion Formation
Creators: name: Asher, D.
name: Caylor, J.
name: Mittrick, M.
name: Richardson, J.
name: Heilman, E.
name: Bowman, E.
name: Korniss, G.
name: Szymanski, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The pervasive use of social media has grown to over two billion users to date, and is commonly utilized as a means to share information and shape world events. Evidence suggests that passive social media usage (i.e., viewing without taking action) has an impact on the user's perspective. This empirical influence over perspective could have significant impact on social events. Therefore, it is important to understand how social media contributes to the formation of an individual's perspective. A set of experimental tasks were designed to investigate empirically derived thresholds for opinion formation as a result of passive interactions with different social media data types (i.e., videos, images, and messages). With a better understanding of how humans passively interact with social media information, a paradigm can be developed that allows the exploitation of this interaction and plays a significant role in future military plans and operations.
Interpreting scattering wave functions in the presence of energy-dependent interactions
Creators: name: Pratt, Scott
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In scattering theory, the squared relative wave function $|ϕ({\bf q},{\bf r})|^2$ is often interpreted as a weight, due to final-state interactions, describing the probability enhancement for emission with asymptotic relative momentum $q$. An equivalence relation also links the integral of the squared wave function over all coordinate space to the density of states. This relation, which plays an important role in understanding two-particle correlation phenomenology, is altered for the case where the potential is energy dependent, as is assumed in various forms of reaction theory. Here, the modification to the equivalence relation is derived, and it is shown that the squared wave function should be augmented by a additional factor if it is to represent the emission enhancement for final-state interactions. Examples with relativistic vector interactions, e.g., the Coulomb interaction, are presented.
description: 5 pages, no figures, typos corrected, one derivation more fully provided
An Accelerated Directional Derivative Method for Smooth Stochastic Convex Optimization
Creators: name: Dvurechensky, Pavel
name: Gorbunov, Eduard
name: Gasnikov, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: G.1.6
subject: 90C25, 90C15, 90C56, 90C30, 90C06, 68Q25, 65K05, 68W20, 65Y20, 68W40

description: We consider smooth stochastic convex optimization problems in the context of algorithms which are based on directional derivatives of the objective function. This context can be considered as an intermediate one between derivative-free optimization and gradient-based optimization. We assume that at any given point and for any given direction, a stochastic approximation for the directional derivative of the objective function at this point and in this direction is available with some additive noise. The noise is assumed to be of an unknown nature, but bounded in the absolute value. We underline that we consider directional derivatives in any direction, as opposed to coordinate descent methods which use only derivatives in coordinate directions. For this setting, we propose a non-accelerated and an accelerated directional derivative method and provide their complexity bounds. Our non-accelerated algorithm has a complexity bound which is similar to the gradient-based algorithm, that is, without any dimension-dependent factor. Our accelerated algorithm has a complexity bound which coincides with the complexity bound of the accelerated gradient-based algorithm up to a factor of square root of the problem dimension. We extend these results to strongly convex problems.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1802.09022
PERSEVERATIVE AND SEMANTIC INFLUENCES ON VISUAL OBJECT NAMING ERRORSIN OPTIC APHASIA - A CONNECTIONIST ACCOUNT
Creators: name: Plaut, David
name: T  SHALLICE
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Although perseveration-the inappropriate repetition of previous responses-is quite common among patients with neurological damage, relatively few detailed computational accounts of its various forms have been put forth. A particularly well-documented variety involves the pattern of errors made by ''optic aphasic'' patients, who have a selective deficit in naming visually presented objects. Based on our previous work in modeling impaired reading via meaning in deep dyslexia, we develop a connectionist simulation of visual object naming. The major extension in the present work is the incorporation of short-term correlational weights that bias the network towards reproducing patterns of activity that have occurred on recently preceding trials. Under damage, the network replicates the complex semantic and perseverative effects found in the optic aphasic error pattern. Further analysis reveals that the perseverative effects are strongest when the lesions are near or within semantics, and are relatively mild when the preceding object evokes no response. Like optic aphasics, the network produces predominantly semantic rather than visual errors because, in contrast to reading, there is some structure in the mapping from visual to semantic representations for objects. Viewed together with the dyslexia simulations, the replication of complex empirical phenomena concerning impaired visual comprehension based on a small set of general connectionist principles strongly suggests that these principles provide important insights into the nature of semantic processing of visual information and its breakdown following brain damage.
HESS Observations and VLT Spectroscopy of PG 1553+113
Creators: name: HESS Collaboration
name: Aharonian, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: AIMS: The properties of the very high energy (VHE; E>100 GeV) gamma-ray emission from the high-frequency peaked BL Lac PG 1553+113 are investigated. An attempt is made to measure the currently unknown redshift of this object. METHODS: VHE Observations of PG 1553+113 were made with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (HESS) in 2005 and 2006. H+K (1.45-2.45 micron) spectroscopy of PG 1553+113 was performed in March 2006 with SINFONI, an integral field spectrometer of the ESO Very Large Telescope (VLT) in Chile. RESULTS: A VHE signal, ~10 standard deviations, is detected by HESS during the 2 years of observations (24.8 hours live time). The integral flux above 300 GeV is (4.6 +- 0.6{stat} +- 0.9{syst}) x 10^{-12} cm^{-2} s^{-1}, corresponding to ~3.4% of the flux from the Crab Nebula above the same threshold. The time-averaged energy spectrum is measured from 225 GeV to ~1.3 TeV, and is characterized by a very soft power law (photon index of Gamma = 4.5 +- 0.3{stat} +- 0.1{syst}). No evidence for any flux or spectral variations is found on any sampled time scale within the VHE data. The redshift of PG 1553+113 could not be determined. Indeed, even though the measured SINFONI spectrum is the most sensitive ever reported for this object at near infrared wavelengths, and the sensitivity is comparable to the best spectroscopy at other wavelengths, no absorption or emission lines were found in the H+K spectrum presented here.
description: 9 pages, 12 Figures; Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics; (Revision has simple typo in table 1 MJD column corrected.)
Deep Reinforcement Learning Boosted by External Knowledge
Creators: name: Bougie, Nicolas
name: Ichise, Ryutaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.6

description: Recent improvements in deep reinforcement learning have allowed to solve problems in many 2D domains such as Atari games. However, in complex 3D environments, numerous learning episodes are required which may be too time consuming or even impossible especially in real-world scenarios. We present a new architecture to combine external knowledge and deep reinforcement learning using only visual input. A key concept of our system is augmenting image input by adding environment feature information and combining two sources of decision. We evaluate the performances of our method in a 3D partially-observable environment from the Microsoft Malmo platform. Experimental evaluation exhibits higher performance and faster learning compared to a single reinforcement learning model.
Optimization of the current pulse for spin-torque switches
Creators: name: Dunn, Tom
name: Kamenev, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address optimization of the spin current intensity profile needed to achieve spin torque switching of a nanomagnet. For systems with Ohmic dissipation we prove that the optimal current drives the magnetization along the trajectory, which is exact time-reversed replica of the relaxation trajectory towards the equilibrium. In practice it means that the optimal current is very nearly {\em twice} the minimal critical current needed to switch the magnet. Pulse duration of such an optimal current is a slow logarithmic function of temperature and the required probability of switching.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Study of the nonlocal gauge invariant mass operator $\mathrm{Tr} \int d^4x F_{μν} (D^2)^{-1} F_{μν}$ in the maximal Abelian gauge
Creators: name: Capri, M. A. L.
name: Lemes, V. E. R.
name: Sobreiro, R. F.
name: Sorella, S. P.
name: Thibes, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nonlocal gauge invariant mass operator $\mathrm{Tr} \int d^{4}x F_{μν} (D^2)^{-1} F_{μν}$ is investigated in Yang-Mills theories in the maximal Abelian gauge. By means of the introduction of auxiliary fields a local action is achieved, enabling us to use the algebraic renormalization in order to prove the renormalizability of the resulting local model to all orders of perturbation theory.
Studies on generalized Yule models
Creators: name: Polito, Federico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present a generalization of the Yule model for macroevolution in which, for the appearance of genera, we consider point processes with the order statistics property, while for the growth of species we use nonlinear time-fractional pure birth processes or a critical birth-death process. Further, in specific cases we derive the explicit form of the distribution of the number of species of a genus chosen uniformly at random for each time. Besides, we introduce a time-changed mixed Poisson process with the same marginal distribution as that of the time-fractional Poisson process.
description: Published at https://doi.org/10.15559/18-VMSTA125 in the Modern Stochastics: Theory and Applications (https://vmsta.org/) by VTeX (http://www.vtex.lt/)
Perigenual anterior cingulate morphology covaries with perceived social standing
Creators: name: Gianaros, Peter J
name: Horenstein, Jeffrey A
name: Cohen, Sheldon
name: Matthews, Karen A
name: Brown, Sarah M
name: Flory, Janine D
name: Critchley, Hugo D
name: Manuck, Stephen B
name: Hariri, Ahmad R
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Low socioeconomic status (SES) increases the risk for developing psychiatric and chronic medical disorders. A stress-related pathway by which low SES may affect mental and physical health is through the perception of holding a low social standing, termed low subjective social status. This proposal implicates overlapping brain regions mediating stress reactivity and socioemotional behaviors as neuroanatomical substrates that could plausibly link subjective social status to health-related outcomes. In a test of this proposal, we used a computational structural neuroimaging method (voxel-based morphometry) in a healthy community sample to examine the relationships between reports of subjective social status and regional gray matter volume. Results showed that after accounting for potential demographic confounds, subclinical depressive symptoms, dispositional forms of negative emotionality and conventional indicators of SES, self-reports of low subjective social status uniquely covaried with reduced gray matter volume in the perigenual area of the anterior cingulate cortex (pACC)a brain region involved in experiencing emotions and regulating behavioral and physiological reactivity to psychosocial stress. The pACC may represent a neuroanatomical substrate by which perceived social standing relates to mental and physical health.
The 2009 outburst of accreting millisecond pulsar IGR J17511-3057 as observed by SWIFT and RXTE
Creators: name: Ibragimov, A.
name: Kajava, J. J. E.
name: Poutanen, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The twelfth accretion-powered millisecond pulsar, IGR J17511-3057, was discovered in September 2009. In this work we study its spectral and timing properties during the 2009 outburst based on Swift and RXTE data. Our spectral analysis of the source indicates only slight spectral shape evolution during the entire outburst. The equivalent width of the iron line and the apparent area of the blackbody emission associated with the hotspot at the stellar surface both decrease significantly during the outburst. This is consistent with a gradual receding of the accretion disc as the accretion rate drops. The pulse profile analysis shows absence of dramatic shape evolution with a moderate decrease in pulse amplitude. This behaviour might result from a movement of the accretion column footprint towards the magnetic pole as the disc retreats. The time lag between the soft and the hard energy pulses increase by a factor of two during the outburst. A physical displacement of the centroid of the accretion shock relative to the blackbody spot or changes in the emissivity pattern of the Comptonization component related to the variations of the accretion column structure could cause this evolution. We have found that IGR J17511-3057 demonstrates outburst stages similar to those seen in SAX J1808.4-3658. A transition from the "slow decay" into the "rapid drop" stage, associated with the dramatic flux decrease, is also accompanied by a pulse phase shift which could result from an appearance of the secondary spot due to the increasing inner disc radius.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures, MNRAS, in press. Title corrected
Silvopasture - a land use management for grasslands - Systemy leśno-pastwiskowe - systemy użytkowania gruntów dla użytków zielonych
Creators: name: Mosquera-Losada, M.
name: Santiago-Freijanes, J.
name: Fernandez-Lorenzo JL
name: Ferreiro-Dominguez, N.
name: Silva-Losada, P.
name: Gonzalez-Hernandez MP.
name: Rodriguez-Rigueiro FJ.
name: Villada-Pillado FJ.
name: Rigueiro-Rodriguez A
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Silvopastoralism; sustainability
livestock
shortage periods
systemy leśno-pastwiskowe; zrównoważona hodowla zwierząt
okresy niedoboru paszy

description: Systemy leśno-pastwiskowe to doskonałe narzędzie zwiększające bioróżnorodność. Systemy leśno-pastwiskowe to doskonałe narzędzie do łagodzenia skutków zmian klimatu. Systemy leśno-pastwiskowe to doskonałe narzędzie zwiększenia odporności gospodarstw dzięki zapewnieniu pożywienia zwierzętom w okresie niedoborów paszy. Systemy leśno-pastwiskowe to doskonałe narzędzie do poprawy dobrostanu zwierząt. - Silvopasture is an excellent tool to improve biodiversity. Silvopasture is an excellent tool to mitigate climate change. Silvopasture is an excellent tool to increase systems resilience as it provides feed to animals during the shortage periods. Silvopasture is an excellent tool to improve animal welfare.
The Einstein-Boltzmann Relation for Thermodynamic and Hydrodynamic Fluctuations
Creators: name: McKane, A. J.
name: Vazquez, F.
name: Olivares-Robles, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When making the connection between the thermodynamics of irreversible processes and the theory of stochastic processes through the fluctuation-dissipation theorem, it is necessary to invoke a postulate of the Einstein-Boltzmann type. For convective processes hydrodynamic fluctuations must be included, the velocity is a dynamical variable and although the entropy cannot depend directly on the velocity, $δ^{2} S$ will depend on velocity variations. Some authors do not include velocity variations in $δ^{2} S$, and so have to introduce a non-thermodynamic function which replaces the entropy and does depend on the velocity. At first sight, it seems that the introduction of such a function requires a generalisation of the Einstein-Boltzmann relation to be invoked. We review the reason why it is not necessary to introduce such a function, and therefore why there is no need to generalise the Einstein-Boltzmann relation in this way. We then obtain the fluctuation-dissipation theorem which shows some differences as compared with the non-convective case. We also show that $δ^{2} S$ is a Liapunov function when it includes velocity fluctuations.
description: 13 Pages
Toroidal diffusions and protein structure evolution
Creators: name: García-Portugués, Eduardo
name: Golden, Michael
name: Sørensen, Michael
name: Mardia, Kanti V.
name: Hamelryck, Thomas
name: Hein, Jotun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60J60, 62H11, 62M05, 92D15, 92D20

description: This chapter shows how toroidal diffusions are convenient methodological tools for modelling protein evolution in a probabilistic framework. The chapter addresses the construction of ergodic diffusions with stationary distributions equal to well-known directional distributions, which can be regarded as toroidal analogues of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. The important challenges that arise in the estimation of the diffusion parameters require the consideration of tractable approximate likelihoods and, among the several approaches introduced, the one yielding a specific approximation to the transition density of the wrapped normal process is shown to give the best empirical performance on average. This provides the methodological building block for Evolutionary Torus Dynamic Bayesian Network (ETDBN), a hidden Markov model for protein evolution that emits a wrapped normal process and two continuous-time Markov chains per hidden state. The chapter describes the main features of ETDBN, which allows for both "smooth" conformational changes and "catastrophic" conformational jumps, and several empirical benchmarks. The insights into the relationship between sequence and structure evolution that ETDBN provides are illustrated in a case study.
description: 26 pages, 13 figures
Carceral Identity and it's influence on political attitudes and behavior
Creators: name: Krumbholz, Katie
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2025

description: This study draws on social identity theory to introduce "carceral identity," a crucial but overlooked social identity that forms among those with sustained contact with the criminal justice system. Despite decades of prior research on social identity, to the best of my knowledge this dissertation is the first scholarly work to make this connection. A criminal record, particularly when coupled with incarceration, carries a heavy stigma that negatively impacts one's self-concept. Yet, this stigma can also forge a sense of solidarity among those who share these experiences, driving them to connect with one another to normalize their experiences and even mobilize for change. This study argues that varying levels of attachment to carceral identity significantly influence the development of group consciousness which, in turn, shapes political attitudes and behavior. To explore this, semi-structured interviews uncovered the conditions under which carceral identity forms and evolves into group consciousness. Next, an original survey, administered via snowball sampling and in partnership with YouGov, yielded responses from over 1,000 individuals with incarceration experiences. This unique sample provides evidence that stronger carceral identity and group consciousness lead to generally more progressive attitudes on criminal justice policy and greater activism on criminal justice and other issues but correspond with lower participation in the voting booth. By introducing carceral identity into the discussion, this study offers a fresh take on the inconsistent findings in the literature on the political behavior of those impacted by the criminal justice system.
Perceptually important acoustic features of environmental sounds
Creators: name: Heller, Laurie M.
name: Skerritt, Benjamin
name: Ammerman, Emily
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Listeners were asked to indicate the sources of dozens of sound events presented over headphones. The sounds were environmental sounds made by solid objects, liquids, and/or air undergoing a variety of actions taken from the website www.auditorylab.org. Each listener gave a series of responses about possible sources for each sound so that a similarity matrix could be constructed. The results of data reduction point to a manageable set of perceptual classes of sound events that can be described with a small number of distinctive spectro‐temporal acoustic features. These features will be related to the attributes of the events that generated each class of sounds. Results for normal‐hearing listeners will be analyzed in detail and preliminary results from hearing‐impaired listeners will be previewed.
21cm Signal Recovery via the Robust Principle Component Analysis
Creators: name: Zuo, Shifan
name: Chen, Xuelei
name: Ansari, Reza
name: Lu, Youjun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The redshifted 21~cm signal from neutral hydrogen (HI) is potentially a very powerful probe for cosmology, but a difficulty in its observation is that it is much weaker than foreground radiation from the Milky Way as well as extragalactic radio sources. The foreground radiation at different frequencies are however coherent along one line of sight, and various methods of foreground subtraction based on this property have been proposed. In this paper, we present a new method based on the Robust Principal Component Analysis (RPCA) to subtract foreground and extract 21~cm signal, which explicitly uses both the low-rank property of the frequency covariance matrix (i.e. frequency coherence) of the foreground and the sparsity of the frequency covariance matrix of the 21~cm signal. The low-rank property of the foregrounds frequency covariance has been exploited in many previous works on foreground subtraction, but to our knowledge the sparsity of the frequency covariance of the 21~cm signal is first explored here. By exploiting both properties in the RPCA method, in principle, the foreground and signal may be separated without the signal loss problem. Our method is applicable to both small patch of sky with the flat-sky approximation, and to large area of sky where the sphericity has to be considered. It is also easy to be extended to deal with more complex conditions such as sky map with defects.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures
Superconductivity and Pairing Fluctuations in the Half-Filled Two-Dimensional Hubbard Model
Creators: name: Sentef, Michael
name: Werner, Philipp
name: Gull, Emanuel
name: Kampf, Arno P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The two-dimensional Hubbard model exhibits superconductivity with d-wave symmetry even at half-filling in the presence of next-nearest neighbor hopping. Using plaquette cluster dynamical mean-field theory with a continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo impurity solver, we reveal the non-Fermi liquid character of the metallic phase in proximity to the superconducting state. Specifically, the low-frequency scattering rate for momenta near (π, 0) varies non-monotonously at low temperatures, and the dc conductivity is T-linear at elevated temperatures with an upturn upon cooling. Evidence is provided that pairing fluctuations dominate the normal-conducting state even considerably above the superconducting transition temperature.
description: 4.3 pages, 4 figures
The key parameters that govern translation efficiency
Creators: name: Erdmann-Pham, Dan D.
name: Duc, Khanh Dao
name: Song, Yun S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Translation of mRNA into protein is a fundamental yet complex biological process with multiple factors that can potentially affect its efficiency. Here, we study a stochastic model describing the traffic flow of ribosomes along the mRNA (namely, the inhomogeneous $\ell$-TASEP), and identify the key parameters that govern the overall rate of protein synthesis, sensitivity to initiation rate changes, and efficiency of ribosome usage. By analyzing a continuum limit of the model, we obtain closed-form expressions for stationary currents and ribosomal densities, which agree well with Monte Carlo simulations. Furthermore, we completely characterize the phase transitions in the system, and by applying our theoretical results, we formulate design principles that detail how to tune the key parameters we identified to optimize translation efficiency. Using ribosome profiling data from S. cerevisiae, we shows that its translation system is generally consistent with these principles. Our theoretical results have implications for evolutionary biology, as well as synthetic biology.
description: To appear in Cell Systems. 32 pages, 10 figures, 1 table
Perceptual Other-Race Training Reduces Implicit Racial Bias
Creators: name: S  Lebrecht
name: Pierce, Lara J.
name: Tarr, Michael J.
name: Tanaka, James W.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Background: Implicit racial bias denotes socio-cognitive attitudes towards other-race groups that are exempt from conscious awareness. In parallel, other-race faces are more difficult to differentiate relative to own-race faces - the "OtherRace Effect.'' To examine the relationship between these two biases, we trained Caucasian subjects to better individuate other-race faces and measured implicit racial bias for those faces both before and after training. Methodology/Principal Findings: Two groups of Caucasian subjects were exposed equally to the same African American faces in a training protocol run over 5 sessions. In the individuation condition, subjects learned to discriminate between African American faces. In the categorization condition, subjects learned to categorize faces as African American or not. For both conditions, both pre- and post-training we measured the Other-Race Effect using old-new recognition and implicit racial biases using a novel implicit social measure - the "Affective Lexical Priming Score'' (ALPS). Subjects in the individuation condition, but not in the categorization condition, showed improved discrimination of African American faces with training. Concomitantly, subjects in the individuation condition, but not the categorization condition, showed a reduction in their ALPS. Critically, for the individuation condition only, the degree to which an individual subject's ALPS decreased was significantly correlated with the degree of improvement that subject showed in their ability to differentiate African American faces. Conclusions/Significance: Our results establish a causal link between the Other-Race Effect and implicit racial bias. We demonstrate that training that ameliorates the perceptual Other-Race Effect also reduces socio-cognitive implicit racial bias. These findings suggest that implicit racial biases are multifaceted, and include malleable perceptual skills that can be modified with relatively little training.