cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Evidence for in vitro and in vivo molecular "Darwinian" selection
Creators: name: Rank, Gerald Henry
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Molecular "Darwinian" selection is initially defined as the generation of a variant molecule, within a population of self-replicating molecules, that becomes the predominant molecular form in descendent populations by virtue of its replicative superiority. The molecular biology of the replication of Qβ in vivo is presented prior to providing evidence for molecular "Darwinian" selection of Qβ-RNA in vitro. Critical experiments undertaken to prove that Qβ—replicase is capable of catalyzing the synthesis of molecular replicas of primer Qβ-RNA in vitro are described. This information is followed by a description of the experiments utilized to demonstrate the occurrence of molecular "Darwinian" selection of Qβ-RNA under different selective environments. Molecular and phenotypic properties of mutant RNA molecules are discussed. After an account of the expectations of molecular "Darwinian" selection in vivo: suppressitivity, gross alterations of DNA base composition in microorganisms' and the von Magnus effect are presented as evidence for molecular "Darwinian" selection in vivo. Suppressive respiratory-deficiency in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is taken as a model system for the investigation of suppressitivity. A literature review of the data generated by genetic and cytological analyses of suppressitivity was found to be accommodated by the hypothesis of molecular "Darwinian" selection in vivo. In addition, the author's genetic analyses of: (i) mosaic colonies, (ii) the effect of the cytoplasmically-inherited suppressive-factor on a cytoplasmically-inherited erythromycin-resistant marker, and (iii) high and low suppressitivity, were interpreted as evidence for the hypothesis. Biochemical evidence is presented that indicates that the suppressive-factor is an abnormal mitochondrial DNA with a replicative superiority to normal mitochondrial DNA. A brief discussion of the possible influence of molecular "Darwinian" selection on pre and post cellular evolution is presented.
Weyl's Lagrangian in teleparallel form
Creators: name: Burnett, James
name: Vassiliev, Dmitri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The main result of the paper is a new representation for the Weyl Lagrangian (massless Dirac Lagrangian). As the dynamical variable we use the coframe, i.e. an orthonormal tetrad of covector fields. We write down a simple Lagrangian - wedge product of axial torsion with a lightlike element of the coframe - and show that this gives the Weyl Lagrangian up to a nonlinear change of dynamical variable. The advantage of our approach is that it does not require the use of spinors, Pauli matrices or covariant differentiation. The only geometric concepts we use are those of a metric, differential form, wedge product and exterior derivative. Our result assigns a variational meaning to the tetrad representation of the Weyl equation suggested by J. B. Griffiths and R. A. Newing.
Transport and Mixing of Chemical Air Masses in Idealized Baroclinic Life Cycles
Creators: name: Polvani, Lorenzo M.
name: Esler, J. G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Atmosphere
Atmospheric chemistry
Atmosphere, Upper

description: The transport, mixing, and three-dimensional evolution of chemically distinct air masses within growing baroclinic waves are studied in idealized, high-resolution, life cycle experiments using suitably initialized passive tracers, contrasting the two well-known life cycle paradigms, distinguished by predominantly anticyclonic (LC1) or cyclonic (LC2) flow at upper levels. Stratosphere-troposphere exchange differs significantly between the two life cycles. Specifically, transport from the stratosphere into the troposphere is significantly larger for LC2 (typically by 50%), due to the presence of large and deep cyclonic vortices that create a wider surf zone than for LC1. In contrast, the transport of tropospheric air into the stratosphere is nearly identical between the two life cycles. The mass of boundary layer air uplifted into the free troposphere is similar for both life cycles, but much more is directly injected into the stratosphere in the case of LC1 (fourfold, approximately). However, the total mixing of boundary layer with stratospheric air is larger for LC2, owing to the presence of the deep cyclonic vortices that entrain and mix both boundary layer air from the surface and stratospheric air from the upper levels. For LC1, boundary layer and stratospheric air are brought together by smaller cyclonic structures that develop on the poleward side of the jet in the lower part of the middleworld, resulting in correspondingly weaker mixing. As both the El Niño-Southern Oscillation and the North Atlantic Oscillation are correlated with the relative frequency of life cycle behaviors, corresponding changes in chemical transport and mixing are to be expected.
Internal Variability of the Winter Stratosphere. Part II: Time-Dependent Forcing
Creators: name: Scott, R. K.
name: Polvani, Lorenzo M.
name: Waugh, D. W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Atmosphere
subject: Atmosphere, Upper
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper considers the effect of time-dependent lower boundary wave forcing on the internal variability found to appear spontaneously in a stratosphere-only model when the forcing is perfectly steady. While the time-dependent forcing is found to modulate the internal variability, leading in some cases to frequency locking of the upper-stratospheric response to the forcing, the temporal and spatial structure of the variability remains similar to the case when the forcing is time independent. Experiments with a time-periodic modulation of the forcing amplitude indicate that the wave flux through the lower boundary is only partially related to the instantaneous forcing, but is more significantly influenced by the condition of the polar vortex itself. In cases of purely random wave forcing with zero time mean, the stratospheric response is similar to that obtained with steady forcing of magnitude equal to the root-mean-square of the time-varying forcing.
Hawking Radiation from Kerr-Newman Black Hole and Tunneling Mechanism
Creators: name: Umetsu, Koichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the derivation of Hawking radiation by using the tunneling mechanism in a rotating and charged black hole background. We show that the 4-dimensional Kerr-Newman metric, which has a spherically nonsymmetric geometry, becomes an effectively 2-dimensional spherically symmetric metric by using the technique of the dimensional reduction near the horizon. We can thus readily apply the tunneling mechanism to the nonspherical Kerr and Kerr-Newman metric.
description: 18pages, 1 figure
Additional file 1: of The correlations of tumor mutational burden among single-region tissue, multi-region tissues and blood in non-small cell lung cancer
Creators: name: Zhang, Yaxiong
name: Chang, Lianpeng
name: Yang, Yunpeng
name: Fang, Wenfeng
name: Guan, Yanfang
name: Wu, Aiwei
name: Hong, Shaodong
name: Zhou, Huaqiang
name: Chen, Gang
name: Chen, Xi
name: Zhao, Shen
name: Zheng, Qiufan
name: Pan, Hui
name: Zhang, Lanjun
name: Long, Hao
name: Yang, Haoxian
name: Wang, Xin
name: Wen, Zhesheng
name: Wang, Junye
name: Yang, Hong
name: Xia, Xuefeng
name: Zhao, Yuanyuan
name: Hou, Xue
name: Ma, Yuxiang
name: Zhou, Ting
name: Zhang, Zhonghan
name: Zhan, Jianhua
name: Huang, Yan
name: Zhao, Hongyun
name: Zhou, Ningning
name: Yi, Xin
name: Zhang, Li
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Table S1. Clinical characteristics of the enrolled 32 NSCLC patients. Table S2. List of target regions of the pan-cancer 1021-gene panel. (DOCX 43 kb)
Galaxy Assembly Bias on the Red Sequence
Creators: name: Cooper, Michael C.
name: Gallazzi, Anna
name: Newman, Jeffrey A.
name: Yan, Renbin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using samples drawn from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, we study the relationship between local galaxy density and the properties of galaxies on the red sequence. After removing the mean dependence of average overdensity (or "environment") on color and luminosity, we find that there remains a strong residual trend between luminosity-weighted mean stellar age and environment, such that galaxies with older stellar populations favor regions of higher overdensity relative to galaxies of like color and luminosity (and hence of like stellar mass). Even when excluding galaxies with recent star-formation activity (i.e., younger mean stellar ages) from the sample, we still find a highly significant correlation between stellar age and environment at fixed stellar mass. This residual age-density relation provides direct evidence for an assembly bias on the red sequence such that galaxies in higher-density regions formed earlier than galaxies of similar mass in lower-density environments. We discuss these results in the context of the age-metallicity degeneracy and in comparison to previous studies at low and intermediate redshift. Finally, we consider the potential role of assembly bias in explaining recent results regarding the evolution of post-starburst (or post-quenching) galaxies and the environmental dependence of the type Ia supernova rate.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
The R-matrix theory
Creators: name: Descouvemont, P.
name: Baye, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The different facets of the $R$-matrix method are presented pedagogically in a general framework. Two variants have been developed over the years: $(i)$ The "calculable" $R$-matrix method is a calculational tool to derive scattering properties from the Schrödinger equation in a large variety of physical problems. It was developed rather independently in atomic and nuclear physics with too little mutual influence. $(ii)$ The "phenomenological" $R$-matrix method is a technique to parametrize various types of cross sections. It was mainly (or uniquely) used in nuclear physics. Both directions are explained by starting from the simple problem of scattering by a potential. They are illustrated by simple examples in nuclear and atomic physics. In addition to elastic scattering, the $R$-matrix formalism is applied to transfer and radiative-capture reactions. We also present more recent and more ambitious applications of the theory in nuclear physics.
description: 93 pages, 26 figures. Rep. Prog. Phys., in press
Characterization of components of two amino acid transport systems of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Creators: name: Sluggett, Carol Mary
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Isolated membranes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were found to bind radioactive isoleucine and proline, two amino acids for which active transport systems are known. The active transport systems in whole cells of this organism are energy dependent; the binding systems in isolated membrane preparations are not energy dependent, but are inducible, require magnesium ions and are stable to short periods of sonication usually sufficient to destroy whole cells. An assay measuring the binding of radioactive amino acid to amino acid binding protein present in isolated membrane preparations of P. aeruginosa was developed and discussed. Cells induced to high levels of amino acid transport produced equivalent levels of binding on isolation of membranes from these cells. Cells repressed for amino acid transport did not lose a corresponding level of binding on isolation of their membranes, suggesting involvement of more than one protein in the active transport system of that particular amino acid. Evidence was found to substantiate claims that active transport systems are family specific, however it was also determined that the aliphatic amino acid binding system was not stereospecific. Isolated membrane preparations of P. aeruginosa were found to produce adenosine triphosphate, but this energy-rich, phosphate bond compound did not appear to function in binding of radioactive amino acid to membrane preparations. Its possible functions are discussed. Several methods of isolation of proteins with binding properties from isolated membranes and from osmotic shock supernatant fluids were attempted and discussed. There were indications of a proline binding protein present, but no evidence of an isoleucine binding protein, in the osmotic shock supernatant fluid. The isoleucine binding-protein, or proteins, appeared as an integral part of the cytoplasmic membrane. The data were discussed in an attempt to clarify the mechanism of amino acid transport in P. aeruginosa and to define the role of the amino acid binding proteins in the phenomenon of active transport.
Kinematics of SDSS subdwarfs: Structure and substructure of the Milky Way halo
Creators: name: Smith, M. C.
name: Evans, N. W.
name: Belokurov, V.
name: Hewett, P. C.
name: Bramich, D. M.
name: Gilmore, G.
name: Irwin, M. J.
name: Vidrih, S.
name: Zucker, D. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a new sample of ~1700 solar neighbourhood halo subdwarfs from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, selected using a reduced proper motion diagram. Radial velocities come from the SDSS spectra and proper motions from the light-motion curve catalogue of Bramich et al. (2008). Using a photometric parallax relation to estimate distances gives us the full phase-space coordinates. Typical velocity errors are in the range 30-50 km/s. This halo sample is one of the largest constructed to-date and the disc contamination is at a level of < 1 per cent. This enables us to calculate the halo velocity dispersion to excellent accuracy. We find that the velocity dispersion tensor is aligned in spherical polar coordinates and that (sigma_r, sigma_phi, sigma_theta) = (143 \pm 2, 82 \pm 2, 77 \pm 2) km/s. The stellar halo exhibits no net rotation, although the distribution of v_phi shows tentative evidence for asymmetry. The kinematics are consistent with a mildly flattened stellar density falling with distance like r^{-3.75}. Using the full phase-space coordinates, we look for signs of kinematic substructure in the stellar halo. We find evidence for four discrete overdensities localised in angular momentum and suggest that they may be possible accretion remnants. The most prominent is the solar neighbourhood stream previously identified by Helmi et al. (1999), but the remaining three are new. One of these overdensities is potentially associated with a group of four globular clusters (NGC5466, NGC6934, M2 and M13) and raises the possibility that these could have been accreted as part of a much larger progenitor.
description: 16 pages, 13 figures, MNRAS (in press). Revised following referee's comments; using new and improved parallax relation. Results and conclusions unchanged
Additional file 2: of The correlations of tumor mutational burden among single-region tissue, multi-region tissues and blood in non-small cell lung cancer
Creators: name: Zhang, Yaxiong
name: Chang, Lianpeng
name: Yang, Yunpeng
name: Fang, Wenfeng
name: Guan, Yanfang
name: Wu, Aiwei
name: Hong, Shaodong
name: Zhou, Huaqiang
name: Chen, Gang
name: Chen, Xi
name: Zhao, Shen
name: Zheng, Qiufan
name: Pan, Hui
name: Zhang, Lanjun
name: Long, Hao
name: Yang, Haoxian
name: Wang, Xin
name: Wen, Zhesheng
name: Wang, Junye
name: Yang, Hong
name: Xia, Xuefeng
name: Zhao, Yuanyuan
name: Hou, Xue
name: Ma, Yuxiang
name: Zhou, Ting
name: Zhang, Zhonghan
name: Zhan, Jianhua
name: Huang, Yan
name: Zhao, Hongyun
name: Zhou, Ningning
name: Yi, Xin
name: Zhang, Li
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Methods. (DOCX 24 kb)
Heavy Flavor Physics through e-Science
Creators: name: Cho, Kihyeon
name: Kim, Hyunwoo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Heavy flavor physics is an important element in understanding the nature of physics. The accurate knowledge of properties of heavy flavor physics plays an essential role for the determination of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix. Asymmetric-energy e+e- B factories (BaBar and Belle) run their operation and will upgrade B factories to become super Belle. The size of available B meson samples will be dramatically increased. Also the data size of Tevatron experiments (CDF, D0) are on the order of PetaByte. Therefore we use new concept of e-Science for heavy flavor physics. This concept is about studying heavy flavor physics anytime and anywhere even if we are not on-site of accelerator laboratories and data size is immense. The component of this concept is data production, data processing and data analysis anytime and anywhere. We apply this concept to current CDF experiment at Tevatron. We will expand this concept to Super Belle and LHC (Large Hadron Collider) experiments which will achieve an accuracy of measurements in the next decades.
description: 16 pages, 2 figures
Singlet and triplet bipolarons on the triangular lattice
Creators: name: Hague, J. P.
name: Kornilovitch, P. E.
name: Samson, J. H.
name: Alexandrov, A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Coulomb-Fröhlich model on a triangular lattice, looking in particular at states with angular momentum. We examine a simplified model of crab bipolarons with angular momentum by projecting onto the low energy subspace of the Coulomb-Fröhlich model with large phonon frequency. Such a projection is consistent with large long-range electron-phonon coupling and large repulsive Hubbard $U$. Significant differences are found between the band structure of singlet and triplet states: The triplet state (which has a flat band) is found to be significantly heavier than the singlet state (which has mass similar to the polaron). We test whether the heavier triplet states persist to lower electron-phonon coupling using continuous time quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) simulation. The triplet state is both heavier and larger, demonstrating that the heavier mass is due to quantum interference effects on the motion. We also find that retardation effects reduce the differences between singlet and triplet states, since they reintroduce second order terms in the hopping into the inverse effective mass.
description: Proceedings of SNS 2007
Warm Molecular Hydrogen in the Galactic Wind of M82
Creators: name: Veilleux, S.
name: Rupke, D. S. N.
name: Swaters, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the detection of a complex of extraplanar warm H_2 knots and filaments extending more than ~3 kpc above and below the galactic plane of M82, roughly coincident with the well-known galactic wind in this system. Comparisons of these data with published results at other wavelengths provide quantitative constraints on the topology, excitation, heating, and stability against disruption of the wind-entrained molecular ISM in this prototypical galactic wind. Deep H_2 2.12 um observations such as these represent a promising new method to study the elusive but potentially important molecular component of galactic winds.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letters. Paper with high-resolution figures is available at http://www.astro.umd.edu/~veilleux/pubs/m82.pdf
The Collisional Divot in the Kuiper belt Size Distribution
Creators: name: Fraser, Wesley C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents the results of collisional evolution calculations for the Kuiper belt starting from an initial size distribution similar to that produced by accretion simulations of that region - a steep power-law large object size distribution that breaks to a shallower slope at r ~1-2 km, with collisional equilibrium achieved for objects r ~0.5 km. We find that the break from the steep large object power-law causes a divot, or depletion of objects at r ~10-20 km, which in-turn greatly reduces the disruption rate of objects with r> 25-50 km, preserving the steep power-law behavior for objects at this size. Our calculations demonstrate that the roll-over observed in the Kuiper belt size distribution is naturally explained as an edge of a divot in the size distribution; the radius at which the size distribution transitions away from the power-law, and the shape of the divot from our simulations are consistent with the size of the observed roll-over, and size distribution for smaller bodies. Both the kink radius and the radius of the divot center depend on the strength scaling law in the gravity regime for Kuiper belt objects. These simulations suggest that the sky density of r ~1 km objects is ~10^6-10^7 objects per square degree. A detection of the divot in the size distribution would provide a measure of the strength of large Kuiper belt objects, and constrain the shape of the size distribution at the end of accretion in the Kuiper belt.
description: 32 pages, 10 figures, accepted to the Astrophysical Journal
Highly efficient acceleration and collimation of high-density plasma using laser-induced cavity pressure
Creators: name: Badziak, J.
name: Borodziuk, S.
name: Pisarczyk, T.
name: Chodukowski, T.
name: Krousky, E.
name: Masek, K.
name: Skala, J.
name: Ullschmied, J.
name: Rhee, Yong-Joo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel efficient scheme of acceleration and collimation of dense plasma is proposed and examined. In the proposed scheme, a target placed in a cavity at the entrance of a guiding channel is irradiated by a laser beam introduced into the cavity through a hole and accelerated along the channel by the pressure created and accumulated in the cavity by the hot plasma expanding from the target and the cavity walls. Using 1.315-um, 0.3-ns laser pulse of energy up to 200J and a thin CH target, it was shown that the forward accelerated dense plasma projectile produced from the target can be effectively guided and collimated in the 2-mm cylindrical guiding channel and the energetic efficiency of acceleration in this scheme is an order of magnitude higher than in the case of conventional ablative acceleration.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures
The Three-Dimensional Structure of Breaking Rossby Waves in the Polar Wintertime Stratosphere
Creators: name: Polvani, Lorenzo M.
name: Saravanan, R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Atmosphere
subject: Atmosphere, Upper
subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: The three-dimensional nature of breaking Rossby waves in the polar wintertime stratosphere is studied using an idealized global primitive equation model. The model is initialized with a well-formed polar vortex, characterized by a latitudinal band of steep potential vorticity (PV) gradients. Planetary-scale Rossby waves are generated by varying the topography of the bottom boundary, corresponding to undulations of the tropopause. Such topographically forced Rossby waves then propagate up the edge of the vortex, and their amplification with height leads to irreversible wave breaking. These numerical experiments highlight several nonlinear aspects of stratospheric dynamics that are beyond the reach of both isentropic two-dimensional models and fully realistic GCM simulations. They also show that the polar vortex is contorted by the breaking Rossby waves in a surprisingly wide range of shapes. With zonal wavenumber-1 forcing, wave breaking usually initiates as a deep helical tongue of PV that is extruded from the polar vortex. This tongue is often observed to roll up into deep isolated columns, which, in turn, may be stretched and tilted by horizontal and vertical shears. The wave amplitude directly controls the depth of the wave breaking region and the amount of vortex erosion. At large forcing amplitudes, the wave breaking in the middle/lower portions of the vortex destroys the PV gradients essential for vertical propagation, thus shielding the top of the vortex from further wave breaking. The initial vertical structure of the polar vortex is shown to play an important role in determining the characteristics of the wave breaking. Perhaps surprisingly, initially steeper PV gradients allow for stronger vertical wave propagation and thus lead to stronger erosion. Vertical wind shear has the notable effect of tilting and stretching PV structures, and thus dramatically accelerating the downscale stirring. An initial decrease in vortex area with increasing height (i.e., a conical shape) leads to focusing of wave activity, which amplifies the wave breaking. This effect provides a geometric interpretation of the “preconditioning” that often precedes a stratospheric sudden warming event. The implications for stratospheric dynamics of these and other three-dimensional vortex properties are discussed.
Equatorial Superrotation in Shallow Atmospheres
Creators: name: Scott, R. K.
name: Polvani, Lorenzo M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Atmosphere
subject: Meteorology
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Simple, shallow-water models have been successful in reproducing two key observables in the atmospheres of the giant planets: the formation of robust, and fully turbulent, latitudinal jets and the decrease of the zonal wind amplitude with latitude. However, they have to date consistently failed in reproducing the strong prograde (superrotating) equatorial winds that are often observed on such planets. In this paper we show that shallow water models not only can give rise to superrotating winds, but can do so very robustly, provided that the physical process of large-scale energy dissipation by radiative relaxation is taken into account. When energy is removed by linear friction, equatorial superrotation does not develop; when energy is removed by radiative relaxation, superrotation develops at apparently any deformation radius.
Magnetogenesis and the primordial non-gaussianity
Creators: name: Seery, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The primordial density fluctuation inevitably couples to all forms of matter via loop corrections and depends on the ambient conditions while inflation was ongoing. This gives us an opportunity to observe processes which were in progress while the universe was inflating, provided they were sufficiently dramatic to overcome suppression by powers of (H/MP)^2 ~ 10^(-9), where H is the Hubble scale during inflation and MP is the Planck mass. As an example, if a primordial magnetic field was synthesized during inflation, as suggested by some interpretations of the apparently universal 10^(-6) gauss field observed on galactic scales, then this could leave traces in inflationary observables. In this paper, I compute corrections to the spectrum and bispectrum generated by a varying electromagnetic coupling during inflation, assuming that the variation in this coupling is mediated by interaction with a collection of light scalar fields. If the mass scale associated with this interaction is too far below the Planck scale then the stability of perturbation theory can be upset. For the mass-scale which is relevant in the standard magnetogenesis scenario, however, the theory is stable and the model is apparently consistent with observational constraints.
description: 37 pages, uses feynmp.sty and iopart.cls. v2: minor improvements in comparison with version submitted to (and accepted by) JCAP. Improves v1 with a more refined discussion of cutoffs and Lorentz invariance in Sections 4-5, but calculations are unchanged. Minor textual improvements throughout
On the category of Euclidean configuration spaces and associated fibrations
Creators: name: Roth, Fridolin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55M30, 55R80, 55S40

description: We calculate the Lusternik-Schnirelmann category of the k-th ordered configuration spaces F(R^n,k) of R^n and give bounds for the category of the corresponding unordered configuration spaces B(R^n,k) and the sectional category of the fibrations pi^n_k: F(R^n,k) --> B(R^n,k). We show that secat(pi^n_k) can be expressed in terms of subspace category. In many cases, eg, if n is a power of 2, we determine cat(B(R^n,k)) and secat(pi^n_k) precisely.
description: This is the version published by Geometry & Topology Monographs on 19 March 2008
Additional file 1 of Anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances among people on long-term efavirenz-based treatment for HIV: a cross-sectional study in Beijing, China
Creators: name: Xiao, Jing
name: Liu, Ying
name: Li, Bei
name: Zhang, Leidan
name: Han, Junyan
name: Zhao, Hongxin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Correlation between age, CD4+ T cells counts and score of questionnaires. Table S2. Sensitivity analysis restricted to 10 and 8 years on ART for the correlation analysis.
Discovery of a weak magnetic field in the photosphere of the single giant Pollux
Creators: name: Auriere, M.
name: Wade, G. A.
name: Konstantinova-Antova, R.
name: Charbonnel, C.
name: Catala, C.
name: Weiss, W. W.
name: Roudier, T.
name: Petit, P.
name: Donati, J. -F.
name: Alecian, E.
name: Cabanac, R.
name: Van Eck, S.
name: Folsom, C. P.
name: Power, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims: We observe the nearby, weakly-active single giant, Pollux, in order to directly study and infer the nature of its magnetic field. Methods: We used the new generation spectropolarimeters ESPaDOnS and NARVAL to observe and detect circular polarization within the photospheric absorption lines of Pollux. Our observations span 18 months from 2007-2009. We treated the spectropolarimetric data using the Least-Squares Deconvolution method to create high signal-to-noise ratio mean Stokes V profiles. We also measured the classical activity indicator S-index for the Ca H&K lines, and the stellar radial velocity (RV). Results: We have unambiguously detected a weak Stokes V signal in the spectral lines of Pollux, and measured the related surface-averaged longitudinal magnetic field Bl. The longitudinal field averaged over the span of the observations is below one gauss. Our data suggest variations of the longitudinal magnetic field, but no significant variation of the S-index. We observe variations of RV which are qualitatively consistent with the published ephemeris for a proposed exoplanet orbiting Pollux. The observed variations of Bl appear to mimic those of RV, but additional data for this relationship to be established. Using evolutionary models including the effects of rotation, we derive the mass of Pollux and we discuss its evolutionary status and the origin of its magnetic field. Conclusions: This work presents the first direct detection of the magnetic field of Pollux, and demonstrates that ESPaDOnS and NARVAL are capable of obtaining sub-G measurements of the surface-averaged longitudinal magnetic field of giant stars, and of directly studying the relationships between magnetic activity, stellar evolution and planet hosting of these stars.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
The Signature of Ozone Depletion on Tropical Temperature Trends, as Revealed by Their Seasonal Cycle in Model Integrations with Single Forcings
Creators: name: Polvani, Lorenzo M.
name: Solomon, Susan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Atmosphere
Meteorology
Climatic changes

description: The effect of ozone depletion on temperature trends in the tropical lower stratosphere is explored with an atmospheric general circulation model, and directly contrasted to the effect of increased greenhouse gases and warmer sea surface temperatures. Confirming and extending earlier studies we find that, over the second half of the 20th Century, the model's lower-stratospheric cooling caused by ozone depletion is several times larger than that induced by increasing greenhouse gases. Moreover, our model suggests that the response to different forcings is highly additive. Finally we demonstrate that when ozone depletion alone is prescribed in the model, the seasonal cycle of the resultant cooling trends in the lower stratosphere is quite similar to that recently reported in satellite and radiosonde observations: this constitutes strong, new evidence for the key role of ozone depletion on tropical lower-stratospheric temperature trends.
Theory of Magnetic Field-Induced Bose-Einstein Condensation of Triplons in Ba3Cr2O8
Creators: name: Dodds, Tyler
name: Yang, Bohm-Jung
name: Kim, Yong Baek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by recent experiments on Ba$_{3}$Cr$_{2}$O$_8$, a new spin-dimer compound with spin-1/2 moments of Cr$^{5+}$ ions, we theoretically investigate the field-induced magnetic ordering in this material in view of the Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of triplet excitations (triplons). We apply the self-consistent Hartree-Fock-Popov (HFP) approach to a microscopic Hamiltonian, using the realistic triplon dispersion measured in an inelastic neutron scattering experiment. In particular, we ask to what extent the BEC of dilute triplons near the critical field can explain the magnetic ordering in this material. For example, we investigate the temperature range where the BEC picture of triplons can be applied via the HFP approach. We also determine the temperature regime where a quadratic approximation of the triplon dispersion works. It is found that the strength of the effective repulsive interaction between triplons is much weaker in Ba$_{3}$Cr$_{2}$O$_8$ than in the canonical spin-dimer compound TlCuCl$_{3}$. Small effective repulsive interaction in combination with the narrow band of triplons leads to higher density of triplons $n_{cr}$ at the critical point. It turns out that the combined effect points to a bigger HFP correction $U n_{cr}$ in Ba$_3$Cr$_2$O$_8$ than in TlCuCl$_{3}$. Nonetheless, the HFP approach provides a reasonable explanation of the transverse magnetization and the specific heat data of Ba$_{3}$Cr$_{2}$O$_8$.
description: 10 pages, 13 figures. Corrected typo; references added
The Interannual Relationship between the Latitude of the Eddy-Driven Jet and the Edge of the Hadley Cell
Creators: name: Kang, Sarah M.
name: Polvani, Lorenzo M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Atmosphere
Atmosphere, Upper
Climatic changes

description: A strong correlation between the latitudes of the eddy-driven jet and of the Hadley cell edge, on interannual time scales, is found to exist during austral summer, in both the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis and the models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, phase 3 (CMIP3). In addition, a universal ratio close to 1:2 characterizes the robust connection between these two latitudes on a year-to-year basis: for a 2° shift of the eddy-driven jet, the edge of the Hadley cell shifts by 1°. This 1:2 interannual ratio remains the same in response to climate change, even though the values of the two latitudes increase. The corresponding trends are also highly correlated; in the CMIP3 scenario integrations, however, no universal ratio appears to exist connecting these long-term trends. In austral winter and in the Northern Hemisphere, no strong interannual correlations are found.
Stability of additive-free water-in-oil emulsions
Creators: name: Zwanikken, Jos
name: de Graaf, Joost
name: Bier, Markus
name: van Roij, René
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate ion distributions near a planar oil-water interface within non-linear Poisson-Boltzmann theory, taking into account the Born self-energy of the ions in the two media. For unequal self-energies of cations and anions, a spontaneous charge separation is found such that the water and oil phase become oppositely charged, in slabs with a typical thickness of the Debye screening length in the two media. From the analytical solutions, the corresponding interfacial charge density and the contribution to the interfacial tension is derived, together with an estimate for the Yukawa-potential between two spherical water droplets in oil. The parameter regime is explored where the plasma coupling parameter exceeds the crystallization threshold, i.e. where the droplets are expected to form crystalline structures due to a strong Yukawa repulsion, as recently observed experimentally. Extensions of the theory that we discuss briefly include numerical calculations on spherical water droplets in oil, and analytical calculations of the linear PB-equation for a finite oil-water interfacial width.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, accepted by JPCM for proceedings of LMC7
Spectral Renormalization Group and Local Decay in the Standard Model of the Non-relativistic Quantum Electrodynamics
Creators: name: Froehlich, J.
name: Griesemer, M.
name: Sigal, I. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 81T10, 81T17

description: We prove the limiting absorption principle for the standard model of the non-relativistic quantum electrodynamics (QED) and for the Nelson model describing interactions of electrons with phonons. To this end we use the spectral renormalization group technique on the continuous spectrum in conjunction with the Mourre theory.
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion: The Main Driver of Twentieth-Century Atmospheric Circulation Changes in the Southern Hemisphere
Creators: name: Polvani, Lorenzo M.
name: Waugh, Darryn W.
name: Correa, Gustavo P.
name: Son, Seok-Woo
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Atmosphere
Atmosphere, Upper
Climatic changes

description: The importance of stratospheric ozone depletion on the atmospheric circulation of the troposphere is studied with an atmospheric general circulation model, the Community Atmospheric Model, version 3 (CAM3), for the second half of the twentieth century. In particular, the relative importance of ozone depletion is contrasted with that of increased greenhouse gases and accompanying sea surface temperature changes. By specifying ozone and greenhouse gas forcings independently, and performing long, time-slice integrations, it is shown that the impacts of ozone depletion are roughly 2–3 times larger than those associated with increased greenhouse gases, for the Southern Hemisphere tropospheric summer circulation. The formation of the ozone hole is shown to affect not only the polar tropopause and the latitudinal position of the midlatitude jet; it extends to the entire hemisphere, resulting in a broadening of the Hadley cell and a poleward extension of the subtropical dry zones. The CAM3 results are compared to and found to be in excellent agreement with those of the multimodel means of the recent Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3) and Chemistry–Climate Model Validation (CCMVal2) simulations. This study, therefore, strongly suggests that most Southern Hemisphere tropospheric circulation changes, in austral summer over the second half of the twentieth century, have been caused by polar stratospheric ozone depletion.
Additional file 3 of The correlations of tumor mutational burden among single-region tissue, multi-region tissues and blood in non-small cell lung cancer
Creators: name: Zhang, Yaxiong
name: Chang, Lianpeng
name: Yang, Yunpeng
name: Fang, Wenfeng
name: Guan, Yanfang
name: Wu, Aiwei
name: Hong, Shaodong
name: Zhou, Huaqiang
name: Chen, Gang
name: Chen, Xi
name: Zhao, Shen
name: Zheng, Qiufan
name: Pan, Hui
name: Zhang, Lanjun
name: Long, Hao
name: Yang, Haoxian
name: Wang, Xin
name: Wen, Zhesheng
name: Wang, Junye
name: Yang, Hong
name: Xia, Xuefeng
name: Zhao, Yuanyuan
name: Hou, Xue
name: Ma, Yuxiang
name: Zhou, Ting
name: Zhang, Zhonghan
name: Zhan, Jianhua
name: Huang, Yan
name: Zhao, Hongyun
name: Zhou, Ningning
name: Yi, Xin
name: Zhang, Li
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Figure S1. The correlations of TMB value between panel sequencing and WES in published databases. Figure S2. The comparison of multi-region tTMB among different NSCLC subtypes. Figure S3. The comparisons and overlaps of tumor-derived mutational profiles among tumor tissues in each region and the corresponding ctDNA. (PDF 1439 kb)
Resilience and psychological health : the role of procrastination
Creators: name: Freestun, Janet
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: LITERATURE REVIEW This review explores the literature on resilience and the known relationships between resilience and health. The influence of the resilience mechanisms of explanatory style, coping style and cognitive hardiness in prediction of stress and psychological health are examined. Consideration is also given to the interaction of these resilience mechanisms with each other. The importance of successful negotiation of adversity in the development of resilient personalities is emphasised in the literature. It is argued that procrastination is an important element to consider in discussions of resilience, given that it is closely associated with avoidance of, or delay in, dealing with such adversity. Literature reporting the role of procrastination in relation to the above resilience mechanisms is then examined. Recent research suggesting a mediating role for stress in the relationship between procrastination and health is discussed, in relation to interactions between procrastination and resilience / vulnerability factors. Finally, directions for future research are considered. EMPIRICAL REPORT Pathways of relationships between resilience, procrastination and health were considered. 181 psychology students completed the Life Orientation Test ‚ÄövÑvÆ Revised, the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations and the Cognitive Hardiness Scale as well as the General Procrastination Scale, Adult Inventory of Procrastination and the Procrastination Assessment Scale for Students. Psychological health was measured using the Perceived Stress Scale and General Health Questionnaire. Factor analysis of coping style, explanatory style, cognitive hardiness and procrastination variables yielded five distinct factors, Academic Procrastination, Avoidance, Emotion Orientation, General Procrastination and Task Orientation. Direct and indirect effects of these factors on psychological distress were found on all but the Avoidance factor. Indirect effects were mediated by perceived stress. The Emotion Orientation factor was seen to produce the strongest effect on both perceived stress and psychological distress. Perceived stress was found to mediate the relationship between procrastination and psychological distress, which supports the findings of Sirois, Melia-Gordon and Pychyl (2003). In addition, a small but significant positive effect of general procrastination on psychological distress was found. Possible explanations for this are discussed. Differences emerged in the effects of positive and negative items on the Cognitive Hardiness Scale, adding to previous suggestions that the two tap different constructs.
Minimal Basis for Gauge Theory Amplitudes
Creators: name: Bjerrum-Bohr, N. E. J.
name: Damgaard, Poul H.
name: Vanhove, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Identities based on monodromy for integrations in string theory are used to derive relations between different color ordered tree-level amplitudes in both bosonic and supersymmetric string theory. These relations imply that the color ordered tree-level n-point gauge theory amplitudes can be expanded in a minimal basis of (n-3)! amplitudes. This result holds for any choice of polarizations of the external states and in any number of dimensions.
description: v2: typos corrected, some rephrasing of the general discussion. Captions to figures added. Version to appear in PRL. 4 pages, 5 figures