cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The one-dimensional Lennard-Jones system: collective fluctuations and breakdown of hydrodynamics
Creators: name: Lepri, Stefano
name: Sandri, Paolo
name: Politi, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamical correlations of a model consisting of particles constrained on the line and interacting with a nearest--neighbour Lennard--Jones potential are computed by molecular--dynamics simulations. A drastic qualitative change of the spectral shape, from a phonon--like to a diffusive form, is observed upon reducing the particle density even ad moderate temperatures. The latter scenario is due to the spontaneus fragmentation of the crystal--like structure into an ensemble of "clusters" colliding among themselves. In both cases, the spectral linewidths do not follow the usual q^2 behaviour for small wavenumbers q, thus signalling a breakdown of linearized hydrodynamics. This anomaly is traced back by the presence of correlations due to the reduced dimensionality.
description: To be published in European Physical Journal B
Policy and Institutional effects on market participation by smallholder rice farmers: case studies in Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger
Creators: name: Toure, Ali
name: Bamba, Ibrahim
name: Diagne, Aliou
name: Harouna, Kore
name: Cisse, Youssouf
name: Kabore, Daniel
name: Toure, Ali
name: Bamba, Ibrahim
name: Diagne, Aliou
name: Harouna, Kore
name: Cisse, Youssouf
name: Kabore, Daniel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Production Economics
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Rice sector contributes significantly to secure households with regard to their food needs but also to the creation of employments and income generation. The sector development and its evolution over the years have been marked by various policies and approaches. These development stages of the sector constitute nothing but the impact of the number of factors such as the rice policies put in place. A collaborative multi-country pilot study on policy and institutional arrangements effects on irrigated rice production and commercialization was conducted by WARDA and its country partners of Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger. In-depth surveys were carried out at both village and household levels to collect qualitative and quantitative data on irrigated rice production, commercialization, and irrigated schemes governance. A common critical constrain cited by the producers in these countries is the commercialization of their product and their inability to take advantage of the market opportunities. Using village and household levels survey data on irrigated rice production and commercialization, this paper attempts to examine the impact of policy and institutional factors in market participation by smallholder rice producers. A farm level supply is estimated using the quantity of rice marketed as the dependant variable and factors such as output and inputs price, and policy and institutional variables as independent ones. The preliminary results indicate that most significant explanatory variable is the average irrigated rice plot (Mali and Niger) and total area of other crops grown by the producer.
Additional file 2 of The optimal management of Seymour fractures in children and adolescents: a systematic review protocol
Creators: name: Kiely, Ailbhe L.
name: Nolan, Grant S.
name: Cooper, Lilli R. L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplementary file 2. Draft search strategy for Medline.
Smallholder Income and Land Distribution in Africa: Implications for Poverty Reduction Strategies
Creators: name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Yamano, Takashi
name: Weber, Michael T.
name: Tschirley, David L.
name: Benfica, Rui M.S.
name: Neven, David
name: Chapoto, Antony
name: Zulu, Ballard
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Yamano, Takashi
name: Weber, Michael T.
name: Tschirley, David L.
name: Benfica, Rui M.S.
name: Neven, David
name: Chapoto, Antony
name: Zulu, Ballard
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty
Land Economics/Use

description: This paper provides a micro-level foundation for discussions of income and asset allocation within the smallholder sector in Eastern and Southern Africa, and explores the implications of these findings for rural growth and poverty alleviation strategies in the region. Results are drawn from nationally-representative household surveys in five countries between 1990 and 2000: Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Mozambique, and Zambia. The paper addresses five major points: (1) why geographically-based poverty reduction or targeting strategies-e.g., focusing on marginal areas-is likely to miss a significant share of the poor in any particular country regardless of targeting efficiency in these areas; (2) why current enthusiasm for community-driven development approaches will require serious attention to how resources are allocated at local levels; (3) why sustained income growth for the poorest strata of the rural population will depend on agricultural growth in most countries, even though the poor generally lack the land and other productive resources to respond directly or immediately to policies and investments to stimulate agricultural growth; (4) why agricultural productivity growth, while most easily generating gains for better-off smallholder farmers, is likely to offer the best potential for pulling the poorest and land-constrained households out of poverty; and (5) why meaningful poverty alleviation strategies in many countries will require fundamental changes to make land more accessible to smallholder farmers. This could be accomplished through various processes, including improvement in land rental markets or perhaps land redistribution. We briefly elaborate on each of these findings.
User Popularity-based Packet Scheduling for Congestion Control in Ad-hoc Social Networks
Creators: name: Xia, Feng
name: Liaqat, Hannan Bin
name: Ahmed, Ahmedin Mohammed
name: Liu, Li
name: Ma, Jianhua
name: Huang, Runhe
name: Tolba, Amr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Traditional ad-hoc network packet scheduling schemes cannot fulfill the requirements of proximity-based ad-hoc social networks (ASNETs) and they do not behave properly in congested environments. To address this issue, we propose a user popularity-based packet scheduling scheme for congestion control in ASNETs called Pop-aware. The proposed algorithm exploits social popularity of sender nodes to prioritize all incoming flows. Pop-aware also provides fairness of service received by each flow. We evaluate the performance of Pop-aware through a series of simulations. In comparison with some existing scheduling algorithms, Pop-aware performs better in terms of control overhead, total overhead, average throughput, packet loss rate, packet delivery rate and average delay.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures
Regulation of muscle contraction by Troponin C
Creators: name: Leblanc, Louise Ellen
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: It is generally believed that calcium binding to Troponin C (TnC) in striated muscle acts as a simple switch, enabling tropomyosin to unblock myosin-binding sites on actin filaments. TnC has two domains, each containing a pair of structurally homologous sites. The high-affinity Ca2 +/Mg2 + binding sites are believed to have a primarily structural role, anchoring the protein into the troponin complex. The number of available myosin binding sites on the thin filament is determined by the intrinsic properties of the second pair of relatively low-affinity, calcium-specific sites. While TnC is found in all striated muscle, only one functional low-affinity site is common to all types, leading us to believe that it plays a crucial regulatory role in muscle contraction. A series of genetically engineered proteins that modify the calcium-binding properties at site II of the regulatory domain have been introduced into single cell segments of chemically skinned skeletal rabbit psoas muscle fibres. The role of TnC in regulating tension, force development and the maximal rate at which muscle fibers can shorten under zero load, has been investigated. The graded decrease in force with the TnC variants was mutant dependent. Measurements of the maximum shortening velocity using the slack test method produced biphasic plots at pCa 4.0. A graded decrease in force redevelopment (ktr), measured using a quick release with restretch protocol, correlated with the decrease in force. The addition of phosphate to the activating solution decreased force to a greater extent than stiffness and increased kfr. However the early fast phase of the biphasic shortening velocity was unexpectedly slowed in a TnC dependent manner with no increase in the later slow phase of shortening as would be expected if the mutant TnC had simply decreased the level of thin filament activation. Tension transients confirmed that the decrease in tension with the mutant TnC was due to a decrease in the number of bound cross-bridges and not a shift in the force per bridge. This study provides the first evidence that TnC regulates a step in the cross bridge cycle beyond thin filament activation showing that TnC is not just a simple switch.
Sample preparation for the determination of microplastics in milk powder by use of citric acid and higher temperature
Creators: name: Wiesner, Yosri
name: Altmann, Korinna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Standard Operation Procedure (SOP)

description: Detection of microplastics (1-1000 μm) in milk is challenging. The mass of microplastics expected isvery low. The matrix is complex due to proteins in the milk, which are not soluble in water andcontaminate the GC/MS systems during detection. This standard operating procedure (SOP) isdeveloped to remove the proteins from milk powder before detection as easy, fast and cheapsample preparation method. Matric reduction is done with citric acid. The samples are baby milkpowder as food for newborns. This SOP is specifically designed for protein reduction in the milkmatrix to produce samples, which can be measured in TED-GC/MS (Thermal Extraction Desorption– Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry) to determine the microplastics mass afterwards.
The Isomorphism Problem for Toral Relatively Hyperbolic Groups
Creators: name: Dahmani, Francois
name: Groves, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F10; 20F65

description: We provide a solution to the isomorphism problem for torsion-free relatively hyperbolic groups with abelian parabolics. As special cases we recover solutions to the isomorphism problem for: (i) torsion-free hyperbolic groups (Sela); and (ii) fully residually free groups (Bumagin, Kharlampovich and Miasnikov). We also give a solution to the homeomorphism problem for finite volume hyperbolic n-manifolds, for $n \ge 3$. In the course of the proof of the main result, we prove that a particular JSJ decomposition of a freely indecomposable torsion-free relatively hyperbolic group with abelian parabolics is algorithmically constructible.
description: Version 3 is 90 pages (the increased length is due mostly to typesetting). Lots of rewriting due to referee's comments. Publications Mathematiques de l'IHES, to appear
Targeting Of Food Aid in Rural Ethiopia: Chronic Need or Inertia?
Creators: name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Strauss, John
name: Yamano, Takashi
name: Molla, Daniel
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Strauss, John
name: Yamano, Takashi
name: Molla, Daniel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty

description: This paper identifies the factors driving the allocations of food aid in Ethiopia. We determine both how food aid is allocated across rural regions, reflecting the targeting criteria of the federal government, as well as how aid is allocated within regions, reflecting the decisions of local authorities and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Devising a measure of "need" is difficult and controversial and there is no consensus on how to do so. It is agreed by most analysts that income is an imperfect measure of need, yet it is arguably the best single indicator of need in the absence of more detailed anthropometric information. Econometric analysis is used to examine the degree to which food aid is targeted according to pre-aid per capita household income, as well as to other factors. The paper also identifies factors associated with low incomes at regional- and household-levels, in order to be helpful to donors, NGOs and governments in their efforts to improve the targeting of food aid. Data are drawn from the Food Security Survey (FSS), fielded on a subset of the 1995/96 Annual Agricultural Sample Survey by the Ethiopian Central Statistical Authority. The data covers 4,112 households in 348 weredas. To examine the validity of the data, we calculated the amount of food aid received at the regional level from the FSS sample households and compared these results with actual food aid distribution records of the Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Commission (DPPC). The results showed striking similarities, and provide a robust external test of validity of the FSS and CSA data sets (Clay, Molla, and Debebe 1998).
Dynamical torques from Shiba states in $s$-wave superconductors
Creators: name: Mishra, Archana
name: Takei, So
name: Simon, Pascal
name: Trif, Mircea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic impurities inserted in a $s$-wave superconductor give rise to spin-polarized in-gap states called Shiba states. We study the back-action of these induced states on the dynamics of the classical moments. We show that the Shiba state pertains to both reactive and dissipative torques acting on the precessing classical spin that can be detected through ferromagnetic resonance measurements. Moreover, we highlight the influence of the bulk states as well as the effect of the finite linewidth of the Shiba state on the magnetization dynamics. Finally, we demonstrate that the torques are a direct measure of the even and odd frequency triplet pairings generated by the dynamics of the magnetic impurity. Our approach offers non-invasive alternative to the STM techniques used to probe the Shiba states.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures
Following multi-dimensional Type Ia supernova explosion models to homologous expansion
Creators: name: Roepke, F. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The last years have witnessed a rapid development of three-dimensional models of Type Ia supernova explosions. Consequently, the next step is to evaluate these models under variation of the initial parameters and to compare them with observations. To calculate synthetic lightcurves and spectra from numerical models, it is mandatory to follow the evolution up to homologous expansion. We report on methods to achieve this in our current implementation of multi-dimensional Type Ia supernova explosion models. The novel scheme is thoroughly tested in two dimensions and a simple example of a three-dimensional simulation is presented. We discuss to what degree the assumption of homologous expansion is justified in these models.
description: 15 pages, 16 figures, resolution of some figures reduced to meet astro-ph file size restriction, submitted to A&A
Infrared luminosities of galaxies in the Local Volume
Creators: name: Karachentsev, I. D.
name: Kut'kin, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Near-infrared properties of 451 galaxies with distances D \leq 10 Mpc are considered basing on the all-sky two micron survey (2MASS). A luminosity function of the galaxies in the K-band is derived within [-25,-11] mag. The local (D < 8 Mpc) luminosity density is estimated to be 6.8*10^8 L_sun/Mpc^3 that exceeds (1.5+-0.1) times the global cosmic density in the K-band. Virial mass-to-K-luminosity ratios are determined for nearby groups and clusters. In the luminosity range of (5*10^{10} - 2*10^{13})L_sun, the groups and clusters follow the relation \lg(M/L_K) propto (0.27+-0.03) lg(L_K) with a scatter of \~0.1 comparable to errors of the observables. The mean ratio ~= (20-25) M_sun/L_sun for the galaxy systems turns out to be significantly lower than the global ratio, (80-90)M_sun/L_sun, expected in the standard cosmological model with the matter density of Omega_m =0.27. This discrepancy can be resolved if most of dark matter in the universe is not associated with galaxies and their systems.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures. Astronomy Letters, submitted
Fertilizer Impacts on Soils and Crops of Sub-Saharan Africa
Creators: name: Weight, David
name: Kelly, Valerie A.
name: Weight, David
name: Kelly, Valerie A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Land Economics/Use

description: Successful agricultural development has resulted in substantial alleviation of poverty and food security in Asia and Latin America since the 1960s. Much of this success can be attributed to the introduction of high-yielding varieties of crops, especially wheat and rice, which have addressed the constraints faced by farmers using traditional varieties. In Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), however, productivity levels have remained stagnant despite the introduction of new crop germplasm. In recent years, scientists have recognized that low soil fertility is the primary constraint blocking agricultural development in SSA. Major findings from this study may be summed up in five key points. Declining fertility and SOM in SSA are a result primarily of agriculture-induced degradative processes that can be reversed using high levels of nutrient inputs as part of "agro-ecological" farming systems to recapitalize the soil. Fertilizer is recommended for recapitalization because nutrients available from organic sources in low-fertility African ecosystems are not adequate. The primary positive impact of fertilizers is to increase the biological base of the plant/soil system resulting in increased crop yields. Fertilizers and organic matter are complements rather than substitutes - both are recommended to recapitalize SSA soils. Fertilizer can increase crop yields and residues, but maximum levels of residues should be returned to the soil. Because of the very high quantities of residue or manure required to reverse declines in SOM and inadequate supplies of these materials, integrated "eco-intensive" systems are recommended to create an aggrading system, including mulch or conservation tillage and agroforestry/cover crops.
Three Li-rich K giants: IRAS 12327-6523, IRAS 13539-4153, and IRAS 17596-3952
Creators: name: Reddy, Bacham E.
name: Lambert, David L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on spectroscopic analyses of three K giants previously suggested to be Li-rich: IRAS 12327-6523, IRAS 13539-4153, and IRAS 17596-3952. High-resolution optical spectra and the LTE model atmospheres are used to derive the stellar parameters: ($T_{\rm eff}$, log $g$, [Fe/H]), elemental abundances, and the isotopic ratio $^{12}$C/$^{13}$C. IRAS 13539-4153 shows an extremely high Li abundance of $\logε$(Li) $\approx$ 4.2, a value ten times more than the present Li abundance in the local interstellar medium. This is the third highest Li abundance yet reported for a K giant. IRAS 12327-6523 shows a Li abundances of $\logε$(Li)$\approx$ 1.4. IRAS 17596-3952 is a rapidly rotating ($V{\sin i}$ $\approx$ 35 km s$^{-1}$) K giant with $\logε$(Li) $\approx$ 2.2. Infrared photometry which shows the presence of an IR excess suggesting mass-loss. A comparison is made between these three stars and previously recognized Li-rich giants.
description: 17 pages, 6 figures, accepted for AJ
The Double Pulsar System J0737-3039: Modulation of A by B at eclipse
Creators: name: McLaughlin, M. A.
name: Lyne, A. G.
name: Lorimer, D. R.
name: Possenti, A.
name: Manchester, R. N.
name: Camilo, F.
name: Stairs, I. H.
name: Kramer, M.
name: Burgay, M.
name: D'Amico, N.
name: Freire, P. C. C.
name: Joshi, B. C.
name: Bhat, N. D. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated the eclipse of the 23-ms pulsar J0737-3039A by its 2.8-s companion PSR J0737-3039B in the recently discovered double pulsar system using data taken with the Green Bank Telescope at 820 MHz. We find that the pulsed flux density at eclipse is strongly modulated with half the periodicity of the 2.8-s pulsar. The eclipse occurs earlier and is deeper at those rotational phases of B when its magnetic axis is aligned with the line of sight than at phases when its magnetic axis is at right angles to the line of sight. This is consistent with the eclipse of A being due to synchrotron absorption by the shock-heated plasma surrounding B, the asymmetry arising from the higher plasma densities expected in the B magnetosphere's polar cusps.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, accepted by ApJ Letters 18 October 2004
Additional file 3 of Frequent horizontal and mother-to-child transmission may contribute to high prevalence of STLV-1 infection in Japanese macaques
Creators: name: Murata, Megumi
name: Jun-Ichirou Yasunaga
name: Washizaki, Ayaka
name: Seki, Yohei
name: Kuramitsu, Madoka
name: Tan, Wei Keat
name: Hu, Anna
name: Kazu Okuma
name: Hamaguchi, Isao
name: Mizukami, Takuo
name: Matsuoka, Masao
name: Akari, Hirofumi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 3: Figure S3 a, b and c. Alignments of the STLV-1 partial nucleotide sequences in a JM troop. Total of 12 proviral DNA-positive JMs in troop D were examined as a representative (age ranges: 2-21 years of age; sex: 4 male and 8 female) for the viral sequences of first 600 nucleotides of STLV-1 3’LTR (a) and tax exon3 (b) as well as 1447 nucleotides of entire STLV-1 env (c) by direct sequencing. The results of the alignments demonstrated only one nucleotide variation in both 3’LTR and env but not tax exon3 region for each JMs.
Cash Crop and Foodgrain Productivity in Senegal: Historical View, New Survey Evidence, and Policy Implications
Creators: name: Kelly, Valerie A.
name: Diagana, Bocar N.
name: Reardon, Thomas
name: Gaye, Matar
name: Crawford, Eric W.
name: Kelly, Valerie A.
name: Diagana, Bocar N.
name: Reardon, Thomas
name: Gaye, Matar
name: Crawford, Eric W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Productivity Analysis

description: Senegal has experienced a number of spurts in agricultural production and productivity growth since independence, yet average trends from 1960 through 1993 have been either stagnant (in terms of aggregate production and yields), or negative (in terms of real value of production). Although use of animal traction is ubiquitous, current crop production in the Peanut Basin must be characterized as low external input farming. Farmers are unanimous in their belief that the most important constraint to improving agricultural output is their inability to obtain desired quantities of peanut seed. Inadequate seed has led to lower peanut income and a diminished capacity to purchase productivity-enhancing inputs: aging animal traction equipment is not being replaced, fertilizer use has become virtually nonexistent, the organic matter being returned to the soil is far from adequate, and the use of certified seed is extremely rare, as is the use of chemical inputs to protect seed quality or fight pests. Family labor is under-utilized during slack periods, while wage laborers are rarely hired during peak periods. Two important objectives for the peanut sector are (1) to maintain peanut production at a level that keeps the processing industry running at capacity, and (2) to increase farmers' incomes. Farmers' inability to obtain desired quantities of peanut seed prevents attainment of both these objectives. Although the seed marketing system could be improved, farmers' inadequate cash reserves and poor access to credit are the principal bottlenecks; at present, there is more of a demand-side than a supply-side problem. Although the economic efficiency of current production practices varies by farm type and agroclimatic zone, two findings apply in almost all situations:(1) If farmers continue to cultivate without fertilizer, the primary means of increasing yields and profits will be to increase seeding rates beyond their current levels (which already exceed the rates recommended by extension services); and (2) The marginal value product of household labor is less than the prevailing wage rate, suggesting that more labor than necessary is being used during most of the cropping season.
Inhomogeneous percolation models for spreading phenomena in random graphs
Creators: name: Dall'Asta, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Percolation theory has been largely used in the study of structural properties of complex networks such as the robustness, with remarkable results. Nevertheless, a purely topological description is not sufficient for a correct characterization of networks behaviour in relation with physical flows and spreading phenomena taking place on them. The functionality of real networks also depends on the ability of the nodes and the edges in bearing and handling loads of flows, energy, information and other physical quantities. We propose to study these properties introducing a process of inhomogeneous percolation, in which both the nodes and the edges spread out the flows with a given probability. Generating functions approach is exploited in order to get a generalization of the Molloy-Reed Criterion for inhomogeneous joint site bond percolation in correlated random graphs. A series of simple assumptions allows the analysis of more realistic situations, for which a number of new results are presented. In particular, for the site percolation with inhomogeneous edge transmission, we obtain the explicit expressions of the percolation threshold for many interesting cases, that are analyzed by means of simple examples and numerical simulations. Some possible applications are debated.
description: 28 pages, 11 figures
Effects of Market Reform on Access to Food by Low-Income Households: Evidence from Four Countries in Eastern and Southern Africa
Creators: name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Rubey, Lawrence
name: Tschirley, David L.
name: Mukumbu, Mulinge
name: Chisvo, Munhamo
name: Santos, Ana Paula
name: Weber, Michael T.
name: Diskin, Patrick K.
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Rubey, Lawrence
name: Tschirley, David L.
name: Mukumbu, Mulinge
name: Chisvo, Munhamo
name: Santos, Ana Paula
name: Weber, Michael T.
name: Diskin, Patrick K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This report analyzes the effects of grain market reform and food subsidy elimination in Eastern and Southern Africa on access to food for low-income consumers. The report also assesses the potential to use "self-targeted commodities" to improve vulnerable groups access to food though market development strategies and food aid programs. While much research has been devoted to understanding how producers and traders would respond to reform of staple food markets, relatively little is known about the potential or actual responses by consumers. The report presents recent findings from six household-level surveys in urban areas of Zimbabwe, Kenya, Zambia, and Mozambique between 1991 and 1994. Secondary data from South Africa and Malawi are also presented where available. The report highlights seven conclusions: (1) Consumers subsidies on refined maize meal in Kenya, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, and South Africa have not necessarily promoted food security, because they have entrenched a relatively high-cost marketing system and impeded the development of lower-cost channels from developing. (2) The conventional wisdom of rigid urban preferences for refined maize meal was greatly exaggerated by policy restrictions under the controlled marketing systems and subsidies on refined maize meal. (3) Since the removal of refined meal subsidies and controls on maize movement, retail prices of hammer-milled whole meal have ranged from 55% to 80% those of refined meal manufactured by large-scale millers. (4) In all countries surveyed, there is an inverse relationship between whole meal consumption and household income, and a positive relationship between refined meal consumption and household income. (5) New investment in hammer milling has increased rapidly since market reform. (6) Small-scale mills have a higher labor-to-investment cost ratio and labor-to-output ratio than large-scale milling. (7) Yellow maize, which is typically available at a price discount relative to white maize, also appears to be a "self-targeted" food.
Analytic Baby Skyrmions at Finite Density
Creators: name: Barsanti, Marco
name: Bolognesi, Stefano
name: Canfora, Fabrizio
name: Tallarita, Gianni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a consistent ansatz for the baby Skyrme model in (2+1)-dimensions which is able to reduce the complete set of field equations to just one equation for the profile function in situations in which the baby baryon charge can be arbitrary. Many analytic solutions both with and without the inclusion of the effects of the minimal coupling with the Maxwell field are constructed. Linear stability and other physical properties are discussed. These analytic gauged baby Skyrmions generate a persistent $U(1)$ current which cannot be turned off continuously as it is tied to the topological charge of the baby Skyrmions themselves. In the simplest non-trivial case of a gauged baby Skyrmion, a very important role is played by the Mathieu equation with an effective coupling constant which can be computed explicitly. These configurations are a very suitable arena to test resurgence in a non-integrable context.
description: Version accepted for publication in the European Physical Journal C
Promoting Farm Investment for Sustainable Intensification of African Agriculture
Creators: name: Reardon, Thomas
name: Crawford, Eric W.
name: Kelly, Valerie A.
name: Diagana, Bocar N.
name: Reardon, Thomas
name: Crawford, Eric W.
name: Kelly, Valerie A.
name: Diagana, Bocar N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Farm Management

description: For African agricultural productivity to improve, governments and donors must invest in programs and policies that will improve the incentives and capacity of farmers to make investments that increase farm productivity and soil fertility while protecting the environment. With rapid population growth, agriculture must rapidly intensity if African farmers are to meet the rapid growth in the demand for food and fiber. Recent case studies demonstrate the incentives and capacity to invest in more intensive cropping technologies have declined during the last decade Good macroeconomic policies are necessary by not sufficient. Even after overvalued currencies are devalued and markets are liberalized, there remain major policy and structural constraints to farmer investment. Identifying cost-effective ways to increase the farmer's incentive and capacity to use chemical fertilizer, organic matter, improved seed, and equipment is crucial. Recent case studies of input use and investment patterns examine successes and failures, and suggest how governments and donors can improve farmers' incentives and capacity for agricultural productivity and resource conservation investments.
Additional file 2 of Frequent horizontal and mother-to-child transmission may contribute to high prevalence of STLV-1 infection in Japanese macaques
Creators: name: Murata, Megumi
name: Jun-Ichirou Yasunaga
name: Washizaki, Ayaka
name: Seki, Yohei
name: Kuramitsu, Madoka
name: Tan, Wei Keat
name: Hu, Anna
name: Kazu Okuma
name: Hamaguchi, Isao
name: Mizukami, Takuo
name: Matsuoka, Masao
name: Akari, Hirofumi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 2: Figure S2. Distribution of STLV-1 proviral loads (PVLs) in the JMs positive for STLV-1 proviral DNA. The X-axis indicates PVLs ranging from 0.01%–20%, with PVLs of 0.64%–1.28% at the maximum number of individuals. The Y-axis shows the number of individuals in each PVL group.
Infrastructure for solving generic multiphysics problems
Creators: name: Boivin, Charles
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Numerical simulations of partial differential equations problems are used in a variety of domains. Such simulation tools allow the scientific community to solve problems of increasing complexity. This allows complete testing and simulation of a product or process even before it is created. The numerical simulation process can be separated into two main steps: domain preparation and numerical computation. The first step requires the scientist to define the domain on which the problem will be solved; it is then decomposed into a group of smaller regions. This domain division is called a mesh. The mesh is subsequently used by the solver to perform the numerical computations specific to the physical problem being solved. The accuracy of the solution obtained depends on the quality of the mesh and the physical description of the problem. As powerful and useful as they are, these numerical tools could be improved on two fronts. First, the time spent preparing a problem with a complex geometry for a simulation is sometimes very large and could be minimized by automation of the pre-processing steps. Second, numerical solvers are not used in all the problem domains where partial differential equation problems are encountered because of the difficulty in acquiring the numerical expertise needed to develop specialized solvers. The objective of this research was to make the numerical simulation process easier and more accessible to scientists by addressing these two problems. Specifically, a mesh generator capable of generating guaranteed-quality meshes for complex geometries with curved boundaries has been written. This program completely automates the meshing process, which results in a huge gain in domain preparation efficiency. Additionally, an existing numerical toolkit has been modified to allow multiphysics problems to be solved in a generic fashion. With this solver, scientists can simply describe the physics of a problem — as well as the interactions between the different physical phenomena — and a numerical solution can be obtained within days. High-quality meshes and results from multiphysics problems are included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the current research. Finally, future improvements to the efficiency and accuracy of the solver are discussed.
Additional file 1 of Sharing reports about domestic violence and abuse with general practitioners: a qualitative interview study
Creators: name: Pitt, Katherine
name: Dheensa, Sandi
name: Feder, Gene
name: Johnson, Emma
name: Mei-See Man
name: Roy, Jessica
name: Williamson, Emma
name: Szilassy, Eszter
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Interview topic guide (GPs).
Propositions de mesures à court terme pour réduire le haut niveau des prix de certaines denrées de première nécessité notamment les céréales, le bétail-viande et le ciment
Creators: name: Dembele, Niama Nango
name: Traore, Abdramane
name: Dembele, Niama Nango
name: Traore, Abdramane
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security
subject: Food Policy
subject: Mali

description: The high increase in the prices of cereals, meat, and building materials is due to the weakness of stocks, increased exports, and the increase of internal demand. To attenuate the effect of the high increase in the price of cereals, meat and cement, the following measures are necessary: • Import important quantities of maize • Draw down on the national security stock, in consultation with the donors. • Reduce the price of animal feeds through reduction in the price of cotton-seed from the state-run cotton ginning facilities • Reduce slaughter fees • Reduce the cost of transportation through reduction in taxes on fuel and spare parts, and • Reduce the tariff on imports of cement Elements of a medium-term strategy to hold down food prices include: • At the production level, focus on better water management, the organization and training of farmers in improved techniques, and the development of the input markets as first priorities. • At the marketing level, take actions to facilitate domestic trade of cereals within the country, reduce barriers to external trade, and promote a series of actions to develop further cereals and livestock processing within the country. • At the consumption level, promote creation of consumer cooperatives, create a second intervention stock, and promote employment generation.
title: Reading Riverside: History and Heritage in Canberra's Oldest Public Cemetery
Creators: name: Adams, Timothy
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Cemeteries
subject: cemetery
subject: memorialisation
subject: death studies
subject: burial traditions
subject: Riverside Cemetery
subject: colonial cemeteries

description: The processes of death and mortuary practices in colonial Australia are often mythologised to fit the romantic notion of the early Aussie battler. However, practices of mourning, eulogising and memorialising the dead in Anglo-Australian society has always been complex and colourful, reflecting the mixing of common English traditions with vernacular Australian practices. Due to the tyranny of distance, these practices, while rich and complex, often varied from place to place, reflecting local fashions and community practices. As a result, cemeteries provide a remarkable archive of social and cultural history for local communities. This thesis uses Queanbeyan’s Riverside Cemetery as a case study, illustrating the social and cultural development of the Canberra region between the mid 19th -20 th centuries. Analysis of the cemetery illustrates political, racial and ideological changes over a period of 150 years. The thesis also demonstrates the ambiguity of heritage value and investigates the many influences on the heritage conservation process, as well as the inherent difficulties in this process. The balance between the importance of conserving a community’s past, and the requirements of planning for a modern and growing community, is shown to be a difficult one for a small Council, one that cannot be achieved without deep community involvement.
Les actions de l’Université d’Etat du Michigan (MSU) au Mali à travers son projet PASIDMA (projet d’appui au système d’information décentralisé du marché agricole)
Creators: name: Staatz, John M.
name: Staatz, John M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Food Security
subject: Food Policy
subject: Mali

description: Michigan State University (MSU) has been active in Mali since 1985, with its first projects focusing on the analysis of agricultural development policies and the problems related to food security in Mali. MSU contributed or contributes to: -Helping support the agricultural market information system (OMA) by providing technical assistance for the design and implementation of the market information system, staff training, and computerization. -National capacity building by developing human resources through the transfer of experiences, in-service training , and the offering of the opportunities to 4 Malian women to pursue their studies at MSU for Masters or PhD programs; -Supporting IPR by mobilizing funds to allow it to redesign its 2-year agricultural technology curriculum in areas related to seeds production and marketing, extension, food processing, nutrition and animal health, and forestry; and -Advocating for American public funds mobilization for agriculture in Mali through the Partnership to Cut Hunger and Poverty in Africa.
Sécurité alimentaire en Afrique Sub-saharienne: Quelle Stratégie de Réalisation?
Creators: name: Dembele, Niama Nango
name: Dembele, Niama Nango
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: food security
subject: food policy
subject: Mali

description: The analysis of the situation and perspectives on food security in Sub-Saharan Africa shows a growing gap between consumption and nutrition needs and food availabilities at the national, household and individual levels. The frailty of gains of productivity in food production and import capacities constitutes a major constraint to the realization of food security in the region. The growth of the agricultural sector becomes the prerequisite for food security improvement. However, the increase in agricultural productivity faces serious natural constraints such as climate contingencies, soil fertility and water control; socio-economic constraints such as the lack of capitalization, institutional weaknesses, lack of rural infrastructure and the frailty of markets and exchanges; and export subsidies from OECD countries. In contrast, the rise of democracy, globalization of the economy and new information technologies and biotechnology constitute major potentials for agricultural production recovery in Africa if states and donors make agriculture a budget priority. The current budget priorities and policies of poverty reduction that put an emphasis on social sectors, environment and political rights of the poor and women could provoke great social demands without creating the economic conditions that permit the economy to respond to these social demands. A strategy of rapid increase in agricultural productivity sustained by market growth and regional trade, the improvement of the land’s agronomic potential and investment in social sectors has the potential to unlock a process of food security improvement in Sub-Saharan Africa. This strategy must be supported by agricultural subsidy reduction measures and the opening of the markets of OECD members to African manufactured products.
Réflexion sur les orientations stratégiques pour un développement économique durable au Mali
Creators: name: Dembele, Niama Nango
name: Dembele, Niama Nango
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: food security
subject: food policy
subject: Mali

description: Mali has a challenge of putting in motion a long term process of economic growth linked with social safety nets. Only a strategy focusing on the generation, transfer, and investment of an agricultural surplus is capable of implementing this process. However, the use of productivity gains of the agro-food sector as engine for economic growth is only possible when solid links are established between the rural sector and the rest of the economy through the development of markets and infrastructure for transport, communication, and energy to attract and invest a part of these productivity gains into the other sectors of the economy. That is why the proposed strategy of economic development in this memo has three components: the growth of the agricultural productivity; the development transport, communication, and energy infrastructures; and budget decentralization. The growth of the agricultural productivity is critical to increasing the incomes of agricultural workers. Technological changes are needed for this growth. Development the national market and integrating it into regional markets, with more elastic demand, will mitigate the destabilizing effects of the strong production variations on price. There has to be a harmonization of the agricultural policies in the West African market with common taxes and common rules in terms of intellectual property and safety regulations. Infrastructure building should be the main intervention domain of the government and other regional institutions. Foreign donors must also stop looking at the deficits as the simply an indicator of mismanagement by national governments, but rather help them have better ways of tax collection so they can effective tap some of the resources from their economic growth to productively reinvest it into furthering productivity enhancement.
Additional file 2 of ZNF322A-mediated protein phosphorylation induces autophagosome formation through modulation of IRS1-AKT glucose uptake and HSP-elicited UPR in lung cancer
Creators: name: Cheung, Chantal Hoi Yin
name: Chia-Lang Hsu
name: Tsai-Yu Lin
name: Chen, Wei-Ting
name: Yi-Ching Wang
name: Hsuan-Cheng Huang
name: Juan, Hsueh-Fen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 2: Table S1. Sequence of primers and annealing conditions for real-time quantitative PCR. Table S2. The list of significantly regulated phosphosites of siZNF322A in A549 lung cancer cells. Table S3. Gene list of Gene Ontology analysis of siZNF322A in A549 lung cancer cells. Table S4. Signaling pathway enrichment analysis of siZNF322A phosphoproteomics in A549 lung cancer cells by REACTOME.