cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Resonant micro-instabilities at quasi-parallel collisionless shocks: cause or consequence of shock (re)formation
Creators: name: Zekovic, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A case of two interpenetrating, cold and quasi-neutral ion-electron plasmas is investigated with the multi-fluid approach. We consider that one plasma flows quasi-parallel to the lines of a background magnetic field embedded in another static plasma. If the flow turns super-Alfvénic, we show that parallel R/L-modes and perpendicular X/O-modes become unstable and grow in amplitude. Within the linear theory, we find that the growth rate curve of an unstable mode has a maximum at some wavenumber specific to each mode. If we consider a shock-like plasma configuration, we find that the fastest growing mode is the resonant one (with $k \sim r_{gi}^{-1}$) which strongly interacts with ions. In Particle-In-Cell (PIC) simulations, we observe that a resonant wave with the same properties is excited during the early phases of shock formation. Once the wave becomes non-linear, it efficiently scatters ions and triggers the initial shock formation. This implies that the typical compression ratio of $\sim 4$ could naturally arise as a consequence of a highly resonant micro-physical process. We model the interaction of ions reflected from the reforming shock barrier in a weak-beam case, and we show that the upstream wave now matches the instability we expect from the equations. By using PIC simulations, we explain how the strong-beam resonant instability triggers shock formation in the non-linear stage, and how the weak-beam instability reforms and transmits the shock afterwards. The micro-instabilities that we study here could largely contribute to shock triggering as well as to the reformation and transmission of the shock itself.
description: The following article has been accepted by Physics of Plasmas. After it is published, it will be found at https://publishing.aip.org/resources/librarians/products/journals/
Semi-dispersing billiards with an infinite cusp
Creators: name: Lenci, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $f: [0, +\infty) \to (0, +\infty)$ be a sufficiently smooth convex function, vanishing at infinity. Consider the planar domain $Q$ delimited by the positive $x$-semiaxis, the positive $y$-semiaxis, and the graph of $f$. Under certain conditions on $f$, we prove that the billiard flow in $Q$ has a hyperbolic structure and, for some examples, that it is also ergodic. This is done using the cross section corresponding to collisions with the dispersing part of the boundary. The relevant invariant measure for this Poincaré section is infinite, whence the need to surpass the existing results, designed for finite-measure dynamical systems.
description: 57 pages, 19 figures. Revised version
Chiral phase transition in (2 + 1)-flavor QCD
Creators: name: Ding, Heng-Tong
name: Hegde, Prasad
name: Kaczmarek, Olaf
name: Karsch, Frithjof
name: Lahiri, Anirban
name: Li, Sheng-Tai
name: Mukherjee, Swagato
name: Petreczky, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The chiral phase transition temperature $T_{c}^{0}$ is a fundamental quantity of QCD. To determine this quantity we have performed simulations of (2 + 1)-flavor QCD using the Highly Improved Staggered Quarks (HISQ/tree) action on $N_τ=6, 8$ and 12 lattices with aspect ratios $N_σ/N_τ$ ranging from 4 to 8. In our simulations the strange quark mass is fixed to its physical value $m_{s}^{\rm{phy}}$, and the values of two degenerate light quark masses $m_{l}$ are varied from $m_{s}^{\rm{phy}}/20$ to $m_{s}^{\rm{phy}}/160$ which correspond to a Goldstone pion mass $m_π$ ranging from 160 MeV to 55 MeV in the continuum limit. By investigating the light quark mass dependence and the volume dependence of various chiral observables, e.g. chiral susceptibilities and Binder cumulants, no evidence for a first order phase transition in our current quark mass window is found. Two estimators $T_{60}$ and $T_δ$ are proposed to extract the chiral phase transition temperature $T_{c}^{0}$ in the chiral and continuum limit and our current estimate for $T_{c}^{0}$ is $132_{-6}^{+3}$ MeV.
description: Proceedings of the 36th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice2018), July 22-28, 2018, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
Jet coordinates for local BRST cohomology
Creators: name: Brandt, Friedemann
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81T70; 58A20; 53B50; 81T13

description: The construction of appropriate jet space coordinates for calculating local BRST cohomology groups is discussed. The relation to tensor calculus is briefly reviewed too.
description: 11 pages, correction in eq. (29), to appear in Lett.Math.Phys
High speed photometry of faint Cataclysmic Variables: II. RS Car, V365 Car,] V436 Car, AP Cru, RR Cha, BI Ori, CM Phe and V522 Sgr
Creators: name: Woudt, Patrick A.
name: Warner, Brian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Short time scale photometric properties of eight faint Cataclysmic Variable (CV) stars are presented. Nova Carinae 1895 (RS Car) has a photometric modulation at 1.977 h which could be either an orbital or a superhump period. Nova Carinae 1948 (V365 Car) shows flickering, but any orbital modulation has a period in excess of 6 h. The nova-like variable and X-ray source V436 Car has an orbital modulation at P(orb) = 4.207 h, no detectable period near 2.67 h (which had previously given it a possible intermediate polar classification), and Dwarf Nova Oscillations (DNOs) at ~40 s. Nova Crucis 1936 (AP Cru) has a double humped ellipsoidal modulation at P(orb) = 5.12 h and a stable modulation at 1837 s characteristic of an intermediate polar. Nova Chamaeleontis 1953 (RR Cha) is an ecliping system with P(orb) = 3.362 h, but at times shows negative superhumps at 3.271 h and positive superhumps at 3.466 h. In addition it has a stable period at 1950 s, characteristic of an intermediate polar. BI Ori is a dwarf nova which we observed at quiescence and outburst without detecting any orbital modulation. CM Phe is a nova-like variable for which we confirm Hoard, Wachter & Kim-Quijano's (2001) value of P(orb) = 6.454 h. We have identified the remnant of Nova Saggitarii 1931 (V522 Sgr) with a flickering source ~2.2 mag fainter than the previously proposed candidate (which we find to be non-variable).
description: 10 pages, 18 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS. Figures 3, 4 and 8 are available at full resolution at http://mensa.ast.uct.ac.za/~pwoudt
Iconella rafaelii Sala, Guerrero & Nunez Avellaneda 2021, comb. nov.
Creators: name: Sala, Silvia E.
name: Guerrero, José M.
name: Avellaneda, Marcela Núñez
name: Kociolek, John P.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Ochrophyta
Bacillariophyceae
Surirellales
Surirellaceae
Iconella
Iconella rafaelii

description: Iconella rafaelii (Ramírez & Sala) Sala, Guerrero & Núñez Avellaneda comb. nov.
 Basionym: — Surirella rafaelii Ramírez & Sala 2013 in Sala, S.E., Ramírez, J.J., Vouilloud, A.A. & Plata-Díaz C., Y., Acta Nova 6: 25, figs 3–4.
 Type locality: — COLOMBIA. Department of Antioquia: San José del Nus, 6º 29’ 30” N, 74º 49’ 30” W (Sala et al. 2013).
description: Published as part of Sala, Silvia E., Guerrero, José M., Avellaneda, Marcela Núñez & Kociolek, John P., 2021, New species of Stenopterobia (Bacillariophyta) from Colombia and Peru, and new nomenclatural transfers in Iconella, pp. 61-76 in Phytotaxa 514 (1) on page 72, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.514.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/5313679
Existence of superposition solutions for pulse propagation in nonlinear resonant media
Creators: name: Panigrahi, P. K.
name: Agarwal, G. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Existence of self-similar, superposed pulse-train solutions of the nonlinear, coupled Maxwell-Schrödinger equations, with the frequencies controlled by the oscillator strengths of the transitions, is established. Some of these excitations are specific to the resonant media, with energy levels in the configurations of $Λ$ and $N$ and arise because of the interference effects of cnoidal waves, as evidenced from some recently discovered identities involving the Jacobian elliptic functions. Interestingly, these excitations also admit a dual interpretation as single pulse-trains, with widely different amplitudes, which can lead to substantially different field intensities and population densities in different atomic levels.
description: 11 Pages, 6 Figures, presentation changed and 3 figures added
Closed Universes from Cosmological Instantons
Creators: name: Gratton, Steven
name: Lewis, Antony
name: Turok, Neil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Current observational data is consistent with the universe being slightly closed. We investigate families of singular and non-singular closed instantons that could describe the beginning of a closed inflationary universe. We calculate the scalar and tensor perturbations that would be generated from singular instantons and compute the corresponding CMB power spectrum in a universe with cosmological parameters like our own. We investigate spatially homogeneous modes of the instantons, finding unstable modes which render the instantons sub-dominant contributions in the path integral. We show that a suitable condition may be imposed on singular closed instantons, constraining their instabilities. With this constraint these instantons can provide a suitable model of the early universe, and predict CMB power spectra in close agreement with the predictions of slow-roll inflation.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
MPEC 2024-C158 : 2024 CG4
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 CG4

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
An inertial three-operator splitting algorithm with applications to image inpainting
Creators: name: Cui, Fuying
name: Tang, Yuchao
name: Yang, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 90C25, 65K05, 47H05

description: The three-operators splitting algorithm is a popular operator splitting method for finding the zeros of the sum of three maximally monotone operators, with one of which is cocoercive operator. In this paper, we propose a class of inertial three-operator splitting algorithm. The convergence of the proposed algorithm is proved by applying the inertial Krasnoselskii-Mann iteration under certain conditions on the iterative parameters in real Hilbert spaces. As applications, we develop an inertial three-operator splitting algorithm to solve the convex minimization problem of the sum of three convex functions, where one of them is differentiable with Lipschitz continuous gradient. Finally, we conduct numerical experiments on a constrained image inpainting problem with nuclear norm regularization. Numerical results demonstrate the advantage of the proposed inertial three-operator splitting algorithms.
description: 26 pages, 14 figures
Iconella tayronarum Sala, Guerrero & Nunez Avellaneda 2021, comb. nov.
Creators: name: Sala, Silvia E.
name: Guerrero, José M.
name: Avellaneda, Marcela Núñez
name: Kociolek, John P.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Ochrophyta
Bacillariophyceae
Surirellales
Surirellaceae
Iconella
Iconella tayronarum

description: Iconella tayronarum (Medina Tombé, Sala, Vouilloud & Ramírez Restrepo) Sala, Guerrero & Núñez Avellaneda comb. nov.
 Basionym: — Surirella tayronarum Medina Tombé, Sala, Vouilloud & Ramírez Restrepo 2016 in Medina Tombé, M.F., Sala, S.E., Vouilloud, A.A. & Ramírez Restrepo, J.J. Phytotaxa 278: 41, figs 1–31.
 Type locality: — COLOMBIA. Department of Magdalena: Ciénaga, Congo River, 10º 59’ 21.6” N, 74º 4’ 1.6” W (Medina Tombé et al. 2016).
description: Published as part of Sala, Silvia E., Guerrero, José M., Avellaneda, Marcela Núñez & Kociolek, John P., 2021, New species of Stenopterobia (Bacillariophyta) from Colombia and Peru, and new nomenclatural transfers in Iconella, pp. 61-76 in Phytotaxa 514 (1) on page 72, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.514.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/5313679
Bose's derivation, the crucial link to quantum mechanics
Creators: name: Yajnik, Urjit A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this brief note I address the question not frequently asked, namely, why did it take two decades between Einstein's first proposal of photons and derivation of the full Planck formula from first principles of Statistical Mechanics, albeit with a fundamental new approach to counting of states. Secondly, why did it fall to an independent inquirer, S. N. Bose, in far away Dacca to arrive at the correct derivation of this formula, arguably a most crucial one of the first half of the twentieth century? Reasonable hypotheses are proposed for answers to both. I also argue that the timing of Bose's communication to Einstein played a crucial role in Einstein's approval of de Broglie's thesis and hence the emergence of the definitive version of quantum mechanics in the late 1920's.
description: 6 pages, 2 column
Antepipona hova
Creators: name: J. M
name: Madl, M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Eumenidae
Antepipona
Antepipona hova

description: Antepipona hova (de SAUSSURE 1900)
 Odynerus hova n.sp.: de SAUSSURE 1900: 237 (key), 238 (descr. Ƌ ♀, Madagascar).
 Odynerus hova de SAUSSURE 1900: von DALLA TORRE 1904: 47 (cat.).
 Odynerus (Rygchium) hova de SAUSSURE 1900: BEQUAERT 1918: 302 (cat.).
 Odynerus hova de SAUSSURE 1900: GIORDANI SOIKA 1941: 171 (key, tax., descr. Ƌ ♀, fig. 10.2, Madagascar).
 Antepipona hova (de SAUSSURE 1900): GIORDANI SOIKA 1991a: 80 (tax., Madagascar).
 Antepipona hova (de SAUSSURE 1900): BORSATO 1999: 108 (Madagascar).
 Antepipona hova (de SAUSSURE 1900): GUSENLEITNER 2000: 925 (Madagascar).
 Antepipona hova (de SAUSSURE 1900): GUSENLEITNER 2004: 1078 (Madagascar).
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Madagascar: Prov. Antsiranana: Nosy Be – Prov. Mahajanga: Ankarafantsika, near Mahajanga – Prov. Antananarivo: Ambatoloana, Antananarivo, Antsirabe, 4 km W Mandraka – Prov. Toamasina: Anivorano, Tampina – Prov. Toliara: Behara, Bekily, Berenty Reserve, Bevilany, Fort-Dauphin, Tongobory, Zombitsy Forest.
Endemic.
description: Published as part of J. M & Madl, M., 2009, A Catalogue of the Vespidae of the Malagasy Subregion (Insecta, Hymenoptera), pp. 1871-1935 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 41 (2) on page 1873, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5280237
MPEC 2024-C159 : 2024 CH4
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 CH4

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Understanding and designing for trust in Bitcoin Blockchain
Creators: name: Khairuddin, Irni
Publisher: name: Lancaster University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Bitcoin technology
Blockchain
Trust

description: Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency that has created a new revolution in peer-to-peer technology. Built upon decentralised technology known as Blockchain, it supports transparent, fast, cost-effective and irreversible transactions, without the need for trusting the third-party financial institution. The privacy of Bitcoin users is protected, by the pseudoanonymous transaction. At present, Bitcoin holds the largest market share in cryptocurrency and the Blockchain technology had captured the interest of multi-corporations, such as Microsoft, Dell, and T-Mobile. However, Bitcoins have no legal tender in most and it is even worse with the illicit use by the irresponsible people and the cyber-attacks towards the application. Hence, these are the primary motivation of this Ph.D. work, to explore the trust between people and Bitcoin technology as well as identify the opportunities to design for the trust challenges. This thesis investigates the challenges and design works with 80 Bitcoin stakeholders such as users, miners, Blockchain experts and novices in six different but interrelated studies. The first and second studies report in-depth preliminary studies with 20 Bitcoin users and 20 miners to identify the trust challenges in people’s daily practices in using Bitcoin. Based on the findings, users’ risk related to dishonest partner in peer-to-peer Bitcoins transactions is the highlighted trust challenges to be addressed in this thesis. With a strong understanding of Bitcoin mining process, a physical Blockchain design kit, namely BlocKit was developed based on the embodied cognition theories and material centred design. This BlocKit was evaluated by 15 Bitcoin Blockchain’s experienced users and one of the important outcomes proposed the principles to design for trust application in peer-to-peer Bitcoins transactions. Later the algorithms of trust for Bitcoin application were developed based on the suggested principles and were validated by 10 Bitcoin Blockchain’s experienced users. Finally, based on the designed algorithms as well as a newly identified heuristic evaluation for trust, a mock-up prototype of Bitcoin wallet application namely, BitXFps was developed and the interface was evaluated for trust by 15 Bitcoin Blockchain’s experienced users.
Additional file 3: of Immunogenicity of pembrolizumab in patients with advanced tumors
Creators: name: Vugt, Marianne
name: Stone, Julie
name: âRikâ Greef
name: Snyder, Ellen
name: Lipka, Leslie
name: Turner, David
name: Chain, Anne
name: Lala, Mallika
name: Mengyao Li
name: Robey, Seth
name: Kondic, Anna
name: Alwis, Dinesh
name: Mayawala, Kapil
name: Lokesh Jain
name: Freshwater, Tomoko
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Figure S2. Flow chart of neutralizing capacity assessment of ADA-positive samples. ADA, antidrug antibody. (DOCX 264 kb)
On multifractality and fractional derivatives
Creators: name: Frisch, U.
name: Matsumoto, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: It is shown phenomenologically that the fractional derivative $ξ=D^αu$ of order $α$ of a multifractal function has a power-law tail $\propto |ξ| ^{-p_\star}$ in its cumulative probability, for a suitable range of $α$'s. The exponent is determined by the condition $ζ_{p_\star} = αp_\star$, where $ζ_p$ is the exponent of the structure function of order $p$. A detailed study is made for the case of random multiplicative processes (Benzi {\it et al.} 1993 Physica D {\bf 65}: 352) which are amenable to both theory and numerical simulations. Large deviations theory provides a concrete criterion, which involves the departure from straightness of the $ζ_p$ graph, for the presence of power-law tails when there is only a limited range over which the data possess scaling properties (e.g. because of the presence of a viscous cutoff). The method is also applied to wind tunnel data and financial data.
description: LaTeX 11 pages, 11 figures, published version
Stability and attractivity for a class of dissipative phenomena
Creators: name: D'Anna, Armando
name: Fiore, Gaetano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35B35, 35G30

description: We consider initial-boundary-value problems for a class of nonlinear third order equations having non-autonomous forcing terms and get new asymptotic stability results by means of the Liapunov second method. The class includes equations arising in Superconductor Theory, Quantum Mechanics and in the Theory of Viscoelastic Materials.
description: Latex2e file, 12 pages. To appear in Rend Mat
Antepipona declarata GIORDANI SOIKA 1991
Creators: name: J. M
name: Madl, M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Eumenidae
Antepipona
Antepipona declarata

description: Antepipona declarata GIORDANI SOIKA 1991
 Antepipona declarata n.sp.: GIORDANI SOIKA 1991a: 80 (descr. ♀, Madagascar).
 Antepipona declarata GIORDANI SOIKA 1991: BORSATO & RATTI 1999: 83 (cat.).
 Antepipona declarata GIORDANI SOIKA 1991: GUSENLEITNER 2000: 925 (Madagascar).
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Madagascar: Prov. Mahajanga: Ankarafantsika.
Endemic.
description: Published as part of J. M & Madl, M., 2009, A Catalogue of the Vespidae of the Malagasy Subregion (Insecta, Hymenoptera), pp. 1871-1935 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 41 (2) on page 1873, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5280237
Dwarf Nova Oscillations and Quasi-Periodic Oscillations in Cataclysmic Variables: II. A Low Inertia Magnetic Accretor Model
Creators: name: Warner, Brian
name: Woudt, Patrick A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Dwarf Nova Oscillations observed in Cataclysmic Variable (CV) stars are interpreted in the context of a Low Inertia Accretor model, in which accretion on to an equatorial belt of the white dwarf primary causes the belt to vary its angular velocity. The rapid deceleration phase is attributed to propellering. Evidence that temporary expulsion rather than accretion of gas occurs during this phase is obtained from the large drop in EUV flux. We show that the QPOs are most probably caused by a vertical thickening of the disc, moving as a travelling wave near the inner edge of the disc. This alternately obscures and `reflects' radiation from the central source, and is visible even in quite low inclination systems. A possible excitation mechanism, caused by winding up and reconnection of magnetic field lines, is proposed. We apply the model, deduced largely from VW Hyi observations, to re-interpret observations of SS Cyg, OY Car, UX UMa, V2051 Oph, V436 Cen and WZ Sge. In the last of these we demonstrate the existence of a 742 s period in the light curve, arising from obscuration by the travelling wave, and hence show that the two principal oscillations are a DNO and its reprocessed companion.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Elucidation of novel miRNA candidates and their role in unraveling the pathology of Non?Alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseas
Creators: name: Sarkar, C
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 60408 Genomics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology

description: Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease which is observed in people who do not abuse alcohol. Main cause of NAFLD is Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) where there is accumulation of fats such as triglyceride in liver and the disease progression ranges from simple steatosis to fibrosis and cirrhosis. MicroRNAs are critical players in post-transcriptional gene regulation of diseases with complex etiology. In this study, we have elucidated the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the pathophysiology of NAFLD/NASH and unravelled molecular markers for diagnosis of NAFLD. A subset of genes (n=10) responsible for NAFLD/NASH were selected and detailed in silico analysis carried out using multiple tools. miRDB and DIANA?microT were used to find putative miRNA binding sites followed by analysis using miRTarBase which is an experimentally validated database of miRNA-target interactions. The study elucidated a number of statistically significant predictions for both miRDB (scores >80) and DIANA -microT (values >0.90) and also strong experimental validation in miRTarBase. The analysis revealed that certain miRNAs like miR-7 & miR-548 family members are found in both the programmes, miRDB and DIANA-microT, targeting genes involved in liver function. They were also identified in the experimental validation database miRTarBase. These miRNAs probably play an important role in the pathophysiology of this disease. They can also be used as prognostic/diagnostic markers for assessment of NAFLD.
Additional file 4: of Immunogenicity of pembrolizumab in patients with advanced tumors
Creators: name: Vugt, Marianne
name: Stone, Julie
name: “Rik” Greef
name: Snyder, Ellen
name: Lipka, Leslie
name: Turner, David
name: Chain, Anne
name: Lala, Mallika
name: Mengyao Li
name: Robey, Seth
name: Kondic, Anna
name: Alwis, Dinesh
name: Mayawala, Kapil
name: Lokesh Jain
name: Freshwater, Tomoko
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Figure S3. Pembrolizumab exposure for patients treated with pembrolizumab in the nonadjuvant setting at doses of 200 mg Q3W (N = 913) (a), 2 mg/kg Q3W (N = 542) (b), 10 mg/kg Q3W (N = 428) (c), 10 mg/kg Q2W (N = 117) (d). Figure includes ADA samples with corresponding PK concentrations. Samples taken > 2 times the scheduled time were excluded. Individual pembrolizumab concentrations for the patients are represented as dots or crosses and mean value is represented by a black line. For the positive patients (non-TE and TE), all the samples (ADA negative and ADA positive) are “colored.” The confirmed positive ADA samples are indicated by a black circle around the corresponding PK sample. ADA, antidrug antibody; NAb, neutralizing antibody; non-TE, non–treatment-emergent ADA positive; PK, pharmacokinetic; Q2W, every 2 weeks; Q3W, every 3 weeks; TE, treatment-emergent ADA positive. (DOCX 140 kb)
A Survey on Face Data Augmentation
Creators: name: Wang, Xiang
name: Wang, Kai
name: Lian, Shiguo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.4.7; I.4.10; I.5.4

description: The quality and size of training set have great impact on the results of deep learning-based face related tasks. However, collecting and labeling adequate samples with high quality and balanced distributions still remains a laborious and expensive work, and various data augmentation techniques have thus been widely used to enrich the training dataset. In this paper, we systematically review the existing works of face data augmentation from the perspectives of the transformation types and methods, with the state-of-the-art approaches involved. Among all these approaches, we put the emphasis on the deep learning-based works, especially the generative adversarial networks which have been recognized as more powerful and effective tools in recent years. We present their principles, discuss the results and show their applications as well as limitations. Different evaluation metrics for evaluating these approaches are also introduced. We point out the challenges and opportunities in the field of face data augmentation, and provide brief yet insightful discussions.
description: 26 pages, 22 figures. Neural Comput & Applic (2020)
The origin of diffusion: the case of non chaotic systems
Creators: name: Cecconi, Fabio
name: del-Castillo-Negrete, Diego
name: Falcioni, Massimo
name: Vulpiani, Angelo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the origin of diffusion in non-chaotic systems. As an example, we consider 1-$d$ map models whose slope is everywhere 1 (therefore the Lyapunov exponent is zero) but with random quenched discontinuities and quasi-periodic forcing. The models are constructed as non-chaotic approximations of chaotic maps showing deterministic diffusion, and represent one-dimensional versions of a Lorentz gas with polygonal obstacles (e.g., the Ehrenfest wind tree model). In particular, a simple construction shows that these maps define non-chaotic billiards in space-time. The models exhibit, in a wide range of the parameters, the same diffusive behavior of the corresponding chaotic versions. We present evidence of two sufficient ingredients for diffusive behavior in one-dimensional, non-chaotic systems: i) a finite-size, algebraic instability mechanism, and ii) a mechanism that suppresses periodic orbits.
description: RevTeX, 9 pages, 10 eps Figures
The rings of Neptune
Creators: name: de Pater, Imke
name: Renner, Stéfan
name: Showalter, Mark R.
name: Sicardy, Bruno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In 1984, three telescopes in South America recorded an occultation of a star near Neptune. It was attributed to the existence of a partial ring or ring arc. The existence of ring arcs around Neptune was confirmed during subsequent years via other occultation experiments and by the Voyager 2 spacecraft. The Voyager observations established that the Neptunian arcs are concentrations of particles embedded within Neptune's narrow Adams ring, the outermost of six tenuous rings discovered by Voyager and discussed here. Four ring arcs were identified: the trailing arc Fraternité, a double-component arc Egalité, dubbed Egalité 1 and 2, Liberté, and the leading arc Courage. The arcs varied in extent from $\sim$ 1$^\circ$ to $\sim$ 10$^\circ$, and together were confined to a longitude range of 40$^\circ$, with typical radial widths of $\sim$ 15 km and optical depth of order 0.1. The properties of the dusty component of Neptune's rings are also discussed in this chapter. Although the arcs should have been destroyed in a few months time through differential Keplerian motion, they appeared to persist at least throughout the Voyager era, and well beyond. However, observations from Earth (both with the Hubble Space Telescope and ground-based adaptive optics) show an evolution in the last three decades, with the disappearance of both Courage and Liberté by 2009. This chapter reviews the constraints provided on the mean motion of the arcs and Galatea, the satellite possibly responsible for the arc confinement. This in turn constrains the various models that have been proposed to explain the arc longevity.
description: 14 pages, 11 figures, chapter 5 of Planetary Ring Systems (Eds. Matt Tiscareno & Carl Murray), CUP
Note on Holographic RG Flow in String Cosmology
Creators: name: Li, Miao
name: Lin, Feng-Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new holographic C-function for the accelerating universe defined in the stringy frame motivated mainly by the fact that the number of degrees of freedom should be infinite for a physical system of infinite size. This is the generalization of Strominger's recent proposal of the holographic C-function to the asymptotically non-de Sitter universe. We find that the corresponding C-theorem holds true if the universe accelerates toward the weak coupling regime driven by the exponential dilaton potential. It also holds in other simple cases.
description: 15 pages, no figure; v3. references added, final to CQG
Antepipona lemuriensis
Creators: name: J. M
name: Madl, M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Eumenidae
Antepipona
Antepipona lemuriensis

description: Antepipona lemuriensis (GIORDANI SOIKA 1941)
 Odynerus lemuriensis n.sp.: GIORDANI SOIKA 1941: 170 (key, descr. Ƌ ♀, Madagascar), 171 (fig. 10.6).
 Odynerus lemuriensis GIORDANI SOIKA 1941: GIORDANI SOIKA 1973: 25 (tax., Madagascar).
 Antepipona lemuriensis (GIORDANI SOIKA 1941): GIORDANI SOIKA 1991a: 81 (tax.).
 Antepipona lemuriensis (GIORDANI SOIKA 1941): BORSATO & RATTI 1999: 82 (cat.).
 Antepipona lemuriensis (GIORDANI SOIKA 1941): BORSATO 1999: 107 (Madagascar).
 Antepipona lemuriensis (GIORDANI SOIKA 1941): GUSENLEITNER 2000: 925 (Madagascar).
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Madagascar: Prov. Fianarantsoa: Isalo National Park – Prov. Toliara: 22 km E Ampanihy, Bekily, 20 km W Tsiombe.
Endemic.
description: Published as part of J. M & Madl, M., 2009, A Catalogue of the Vespidae of the Malagasy Subregion (Insecta, Hymenoptera), pp. 1871-1935 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 41 (2) on pages 1873-1874, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5280237
Additional file 1: of Biomarkers of cardiovascular risk across phenotypes of osteoarthritis
Creators: name: S. Provan
name: S. Rollefstad
name: E. Ikdahl
name: A. Mathiessen
name: I. Berg
name: I. Eeg
name: I. Wilkinson
name: C. McEniery
name: T. Kvien
name: H. Hammer
name: N. ĂSterĂĽs
name: I. Haugen
name: A. Semb
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Table S1. Bivariate comparisons between participants with OA and UK population controls. Table S2. Comparison between participants with and without AIx, PWV and ABI. (DOCX 40 kb)
Hierarchy of (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear Schroedinger equation, self-dual Yang-Mills equation, and toroidal Lie algebras
Creators: name: Kakei, Saburo
name: Ikeda, Takeshi
name: Takasaki, Kanehisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The hierarchy structure associated with a (2+1)-dimensional Nonlinear Schroedinger equation is discussed as an extension of the theory of the KP hierarchy. Several methods to construct special solutions are given. The relation between the hierarchy and a representation of toroidal Lie algebras are established by using the language of free fermions. A relation to the self-dual Yang-Mills equation is also discussed.
description: 26 pages, Latex2e, uses amsmath, amssymb, amsthm
Correlation of Vibrational Excitations and Electronic Structure\\ with Submolecular Resolution
Creators: name: Rolf, Daniela
name: Maass, Friedrich
name: Lotze, Christian
name: Czekelius, Constantin
name: Heinrich, Benjamin W.
name: Tegeder, Petra
name: Franke, Katharina J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The detection of vibrational excitations of individual molecules on surfaces by scanning tunneling spectroscopy does not obey strict selection rules but rather propensity rules. The experimental verification of these is challenging because it requires the independent variation of specific parameters, such as the electronic structure, while keeping the vibrational modes the same. Here, we make use of the versatile self-assembled structures of Fe-tetra-pyridyl-porphyrin molecules on a Au(111) surface. These exhibit different energy-level alignments of the frontier molecular orbitals, thus allowing the correlation of electronic structure and detection of vibrations. We identify up to seven vibrational modes in the tunneling spectra of the molecules in some of the arrangements, whereas we observe none in other structures. We find that the presence of vibrational excitations and their distribution along the molecule correlates with the observation of energetically low-lying molecular states. This correlation allows to explain the different numbers of vibrational signatures for molecules embedded within different structures as well as the bias asymmetry of the vibrational intensities within an individual molecule. Our observations are in agreement with a resonant enhancement of vibrations by the virtual excitation of electronic states.
Magnetic Field and Curvature Effects on Pair Production I: Scalars and Spinors
Creators: name: Karabali, D.
name: Kurkcuoglu, S.
name: Nair, V. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The pair production rates for spin-zero and spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ particles are calculated on spaces of the form $M \times {\mathbb R}^{1,1}$ with $M$ corresponding to ${\mathbb R}^2$ (flat), $T^2$ (flat, compactified), $S^2$ (positive curvature) and $H^2$ (negative curvature), with and without a background magnetic field on $M$. The motivation is to elucidate the effects of curvature and background magnetic field. Contrasting effects for positive and negative curvature on the two cases of spin are obtained. For positive curvature, we find enhancement for spin-zero and suppression for spin-$\frac{1}{2}$, with the opposite effect for negative curvature.
description: 28 pages, 10 figures
Critical phenomena of thick branes in warped spacetimes
Creators: name: Campos, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated the effects of a generic bulk first-order phase transition on thick Minkowski branes in warped geometries. As occurs in Euclidean space, when the system is brought near the phase transition an interface separating two ordered phases splits into two interfaces with a disordered phase in between. A remarkable and distinctive feature is that the critical temperature of the phase transition is lowered due to pure geometrical effects. We have studied a variety of critical exponents and the evolution of the transverse-traceless sector of the metric fluctuations.
description: revtex4, 4 pages, 4 figures, some comments added, typos corrected, published in PRL
Additional file 2: of Immunogenicity of pembrolizumab in patients with advanced tumors
Creators: name: Vugt, Marianne
name: Stone, Julie
name: âRikâ Greef
name: Snyder, Ellen
name: Lipka, Leslie
name: Turner, David
name: Chain, Anne
name: Lala, Mallika
name: Mengyao Li
name: Robey, Seth
name: Kondic, Anna
name: Alwis, Dinesh
name: Mayawala, Kapil
name: Lokesh Jain
name: Freshwater, Tomoko
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Figure S1. Flow chart of ADA sample analysis. ADA, antidrug antibody; DTL, drug tolerance level. (DOCX 220 kb)
Cyrteumenes floricola
Creators: name: J. M
name: Madl, M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Eumenidae
Cyrteumenes
Cyrteumenes floricola

description: Cyrteumenes floricola (de SAUSSURE 1890)
 Labus floricola n.sp.: de SAUSSURE 1890: 150 (key), 151 (descr. ♀ (= Ƌ), Madagascar).
 Labus floricola de SAUSSURE 1890: de SAUSSURE 1892: pl. 22 (figs 3, 3a,t).
 Labus floricola de SAUSSURE 1891: de DALLA TORRE 1894: 8 (cat.).
 Labus floricola de SAUSSURE 1890: de SAUSSURE 1900: 235 (tax., descr. Ƌ, Madagascar).
 Labus floricola de SAUSSURE 1891: von DALLA TORRE 1904: 13 (cat.).
 Labus floricola de SAUSSURE 1891: KOHL 1906: 228 (tax., descr. Ƌ, Madagascar), 244 (key), pl. 4 (figs 28, 29), pl. 6 (figs 5, 23), pl. 7 (figs 11, 21, 26).
 Labus floricola de SAUSSURE 1890: BEQUAERT 1918: 273 (cat.).
 Labus floricola de SAUSSURE 1890: STEFFAN 1948: 82 (Madagascar).
 Cyrtolabulus floricola (de SAUSSURE 1891): GIORDANI SOIKA 1983: 153 (tax.).
 Cyrteumenes floricola (de SAUSSURE 1891): GIORDANI SOIKA 1991a: 80 (cat.).
 Cyrteumenes floricola (de SAUSSURE 1892): MADL 1995: 1101 (Madagascar), 1102 (cat.).
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Madagascar: Prov. Antsiranana: Nosy Be – Prov. Antananarivo: Antananarivo – Prov. Toamasina: Nosy Boraha (Sainte Marie) – Prov. Toliara: Behara, Bekily.
Endemic.
description: Published as part of J. M & Madl, M., 2009, A Catalogue of the Vespidae of the Malagasy Subregion (Insecta, Hymenoptera), pp. 1871-1935 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 41 (2) on page 1876, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5280237
Perbedaan Hasil Belajar Fisika Dengan Menggunakan Media Komputer Berbasis Visual Dan Tanpa Menggunakan Media Komputer Berbasis Visual Pada Peserta Didik Kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Sanana Kabupaten Kepulauan Sula
Creators: name: Mahyudin, Haryati; Muhtar, Ernawati
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Media, Visual, dan Hasil Belajar

description: Tujuandari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil belajar fisika kelas X MA Negeri 1 Sanana Kabupaten Kepulauan Sula yang diajar dengan menggunakan media visual dan tanpa menggunakan media visual pada konsep Hukum Newton. Hasil dalam penelitian ini dengan menggunakan media komputer berbasis visual dan tanpa menggunakan media komputer berbasis visual diperoleh diperoleh thit =2,75 dan ttab =2,00 atau 2,75 > 2,00 pada taraf signifikan (α =0,05) dan Dk 70, hasil perhitungan data menunjukan bahwa terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar peserta didik antara menggunakan media pembelajaran barbasis visual dan tanpa menggunakan media pembelajaran berbasis visual yaitu sebesar 509 atau 14,68 %
Reproducing-Kernel Hilbert space regression with notes on the Wasserstein Distance
Creators: name: Page, Stephen
Publisher: name: Lancaster University
Year: 2019
Subjects: adaptive estimation
covariate shift
extreme points
Goldenshluger–Lepski method
interpolation space
Ivanov regularisation
regression
RKHS
training and validation
Wasserstein distance

description: We study kernel least-squares estimators for the regression problem subject to a norm constraint. We bound the squared L2 error of our estimators with respect to the covariate distribution. We also bound the worst-case squared L2 error of our estimators with respect to a Wasserstein ball of probability measures centred at the covariate distribution. This leads us to investigate the extreme points of Wasserstein balls. In Chapter 3, we provide bounds on our estimators both when the regression function is unbounded and when the regression function is bounded. When the regression function is bounded, we clip the estimators so that they are closer to the regression function. In this setting, we also use training and validation to adaptively select a size for our norm constraint based on the data. In Chapter 4, we study a different adaptive estimation procedure called the Goldenshluger--Lepski method. Unlike training and validation, this method uses all of the data to create estimators for a range of sizes of norm constraint before using pairwise comparisons to select a final estimator. We are able to adaptively select both a size for our norm constraint and a kernel. In Chapter 5, we examine the extreme points of Wasserstein balls. We show that the only extreme points which are not on the surface of the ball are the Dirac measures. This is followed by finding conditions under which points on the surface of the ball are extreme points or not extreme points. In Chapter 6, we provide bounds on the worst-case squared L2 error of our estimators with respect to a Wasserstein ball of probability measures centred at the covariate distribution. We prove bounds both when the regression function is unbounded and when the regression function is bounded. We also investigate the analysis and computation of alternative estimators.
Self-consistent Modelling of Gamma-Ray Spectra from Solar Flares with the Monte Carlo Simulation Package FLUKA
Creators: name: Tusnski, Daneele S.
name: Szpigel, Sergio
name: de Castro, Carlos Guillermo Giménez
name: MacKinnon, Alexander L.
name: Simões, Paulo José A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the Monte Carlo particle physics code FLUKA (Fluktuierende Kaskade) to calculate $γ$-ray spectra expected from solar flare energetic ion distributions. The FLUKA code includes robust physics-based models for electromagnetic, hadronic and nuclear interactions, sufficiently detailed for it to be a useful tool for calculating nuclear de-excitation, positron annihilation and neutron capture line fluxes and shapes, as well as $\approx \; {\rm GeV}$ continuum radiation from pion decay products. We show nuclear de-excitation $γ$-ray line model spectra from a range of assumed primary accelerated ion distributions and find them to be in good agreement with those found using the code of Murphy et al. (2009). We also show full $γ$-ray model spectra which exhibit all the typical structures of $γ$-ray spectra observed in solar flares. From these model spectra we build templates which are incorporated into the software package Objective Spectral Executive (OSPEX) and used to fit the combined Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM)/Large Area Telescope (LAT) spectrum of the 2010 June 12 solar flare, providing a statistically acceptable result. To the best of our knowledge, the fit carried out with the FLUKA templates for the full $γ$-ray spectrum can be regarded as the first attempt to use a single code to implement a self-consistent treatment of the several spectral components in the photon energy range from $\approx 100$s ${\rm keV}$ to $\approx 100$s ${\rm MeV}$.
description: Accepted for publication in Solar Physics