cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Gaugino condensation in an improved heterotic M-theory
Creators: name: Ahmed, Nasr
name: Moss, Ian G
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gaugino condensation is discussed in the context of a consistent new version of low energy heterotic M-theory. The four dimensional reduction of the theory is described, based on simple boson and fermion backgrounds. This is generalised to include gaugino condenstates and various background fluxes, some with non-trivial topology. It is found that condensate and quantised flux contributions to the four-dimensional superpotential contain no corrections due to the warping of the higher dimensional metric.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures, LaTeX
Iterated Conditionals and Characterization of P-entailment
Creators: name: Gilio, Angelo
name: Sanfilippo, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we deepen, in the setting of coherence, some results obtained in recent papers on the notion of p-entailment of Adams and its relationship with conjoined and iterated conditionals. We recall that conjoined and iterated conditionals are suitably defined in the framework of conditional random quantities. Given a family $\mathcal{F}$ of $n$ conditional events $\{E_1|H_1,\ldots, E_n|H_n\}$ we denote by $\mathscr{C}(\mathcal{F})=(E_1|H_1)\wedge \cdots \wedge (E_n|H_n)$ the conjunction of the conditional events in $\mathcal{F}$. We introduce the iterated conditional $\mathscr{C}(\mathcal{F}_2)|\mathscr{C}(\mathcal{F}_1)$, where $\mathcal{F}_1$ and $\mathcal{F}_2$ are two finite families of conditional events, by showing that the prevision of $\mathscr{C}(\mathcal{F}_2)\wedge \mathscr{C}(\mathcal{F}_1)$ is the product of the prevision of $\mathscr{C}(\mathcal{F}_2)|\mathscr{C}(\mathcal{F}_1)$ and the prevision of $\mathscr{C}(\mathcal{F}_1)$. Likewise the well known equality $(A\wedge H)|H=A|H$, we show that $ (\mathscr{C}(\mathcal{F}_2)\wedge \mathscr{C}(\mathcal{F}_1))|\mathscr{C}(\mathcal{F}_1)= \mathscr{C}(\mathcal{F}_2)|\mathscr{C}(\mathcal{F}_1)$. Then, we consider the case $\mathcal{F}_1=\mathcal{F}_2=\mathcal{F}$ and we verify for the prevision $μ$ of $\mathscr{C}(\mathcal{F})|\mathscr{C}(\mathcal{F})$ that the unique coherent assessment is $μ=1$ and, as a consequence, $\mathscr{C}(\mathcal{F})|\mathscr{C}(\mathcal{F})$ coincides with the constant 1. Finally, by assuming $\mathcal{F}$ p-consistent, we deepen some previous characterizations of p-entailment by showing that $\mathcal{F}$ p-entails a conditional event $E_{n+1}|H_{n+1}$ if and only if the iterated conditional $(E_{n+1}|H_{n+1})\,|\,\mathscr{C}(\mathcal{F})$ is constant and equal to 1. We illustrate this characterization by an example related with weak transitivity.
Personal autonomy and compulsory liberal education
Creators: name: Partridge, Yolande Mary
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The aim of this thesis is to justify on paternalistic grounds the compulsory imposition of liberal education on children. In opposition to the increasingly influential views of many educational theorists in the "sociologist of knowledge" tradition, it is argued that liberal education benefits students because it contributes towards the development of personal autonomy. Personal autonomy is accepted as both an extrinsic and an intrinsic good, and its development is taken as the most defensible aim of compulsory education. Because compulsory education clearly violates a student's prima facie right to non-interference, the thesis considers the kinds of cases in which the right to non-interference can be justifiably overridden. It presents an argument for the justification of paternalistic intervention based on the forfeiture of rights through consent. Because this argument permits us to impose an enormous range of studies and activities on students, some criterion is required to help us choose curricular components. The development of personal autonomy is chosen as that criterion. Three conditions are taken as necessary for the presence of personal autonomy: freedom of choice, rational reflection, and strength of will. Breadth and depth of knowledge in the traditional disciplines are considered necessary for satisfying the rational-reflection condition of autonomy, and compulsory liberal education is taken as the best way to help students obtain breadth and depth of knowledge.
Additional file 4 of A comprehensive approach to risk factors for upper arm morbidities following breast cancer treatment: a prospective study
Creators: name: Klein, Ifat
name: Kalichman, Leonid
name: Chen, Noy
name: Susmallian, Sergio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 4: Table 8. Crosstab and OR divide by the mean amount in the drains.
An Improved Near-Infrared Spectrum of the Archetype Y Dwarf WISEP J182831.08+265037.8
Creators: name: Cushing, Michael C.
name: Schneider, Adam C.
name: Kirkpatrick, J. Davy
name: Morley, Caroline V.
name: Marley, Mark S.
name: Gelino, Christopher R.
name: Mace, Gregory N.
name: Wright, Edward L.
name: Eisenhardt, Peter R.
name: Skrutskie, Michael F.
name: Marsh, Kenneth A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a Hubble Space Telescope/Wide-Field Camera 3 near infrared spectrum of the archetype Y dwarf WISEP 182831.08+265037.8. The spectrum covers the 0.9-1.7 um wavelength range at a resolving power of lambda/Delta lambda ~180 and is a significant improvement over the previously published spectrum because it covers a broader wavelength range and is uncontaminated by light from a background star. The spectrum is unique for a cool brown dwarf in that the flux peaks in the Y, J, and H band are of near equal intensity in units of f_lambda. We fail to detect any absorption bands of NH_3 in the spectrum, in contrast to the predictions of chemical equilibrium models, but tentatively identify CH_4 as the carrier of an unknown absorption feature centered at 1.015 um. Using previously published ground- and spaced-based photometry, and using a Rayleigh Jeans tail to account for flux emerging longward of 4.5 um, we compute a bolometric luminosity of log (L_bol/L_sun)=-6.50+-0.02 which is significantly lower than previously published results. Finally, we compare the spectrum and photometry to two sets of atmospheric models and find that best overall match to the observed properties of WISEP 182831.08+265037.8 is a ~1 Gyr old binary composed of two T_eff~325 K, ~5 M_Jup brown dwarfs with subsolar [C/O] ratios.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Electron Acceleration at Rippled Low-Mach-number Shocks in High-beta Collisionless Cosmic Plasmas
Creators: name: Kobzar, Oleh
name: Niemiec, Jacek
name: Amano, Takanobu
name: Hoshino, Masahiro
name: Matsukiyo, Shuichi
name: Matsumoto, Yosuke
name: Pohl, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using large-scale fully-kinetic two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, we investigate the effects of shock rippling on electron acceleration at low-Mach-number shocks propagating in high-$β$ plasmas, in application to merger shocks in galaxy clusters. We find that the electron acceleration rate increases considerably when the rippling modes appear. The main acceleration mechanism is stochastic shock-drift acceleration, in which electrons are confined at the shock by pitch-angle scattering off turbulence and gain energy from the motional electric field. The presence of multi-scale magnetic turbulence at the shock transition and the region immediately behind the main shock overshoot is essential for electron energization. Wide-energy non-thermal electron distributions are formed both upstream and downstream of the shock. The maximum energy of the electrons is sufficient for their injection into diffusive shock acceleration. We show for the first time that the downstream electron spectrum has a~power-law form with index $p\approx 2.5$, in agreement with observations.
description: 15 pages, 14 figures, to be published in ApJ
Structure and melting behavior of classical bilayer crystals of dipoles
Creators: name: Lu, Xin
name: Wu, Chang-Qin
name: Micheli, Andrea
name: Pupillo, Guido
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the structure and melting of a classical bilayer system of dipoles, in a setup where the dipoles are oriented perpendicular to the planes of the layers and the density of dipoles is the same in each layer. Due to the anisotropic character of the dipole-dipole interactions, we find that the ground-state configuration is given by two hexagonal crystals positioned on top of each other, independent of the interlayer spacing and dipolar density. For large interlayer distances these crystals are independent, while in the opposite limit of small interlayer distances the system behaves as a two-dimensional crystal of paired dipoles. Within the harmonic approximation for the phonon excitations, the melting temperature of these crystalline configurations displays a non-monotonic dependence on the interlayer distance, which is associated with a re-entrant melting behavior in the form of solid-liquid-solid-liquid transitions at fixed temperature.
description: 15 pages, 13 figures
New Charged Black Holes in Five Dimensions
Creators: name: Lu, H.
name: Mei, Jianwei
name: Pope, C. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain new stationary charged solutions of five-dimensional minimal supergravity. We first obtain purely dipole charged solutions, by extending a technique that we developed for five-dimensional Ricci-flat metrics in a previous paper, which could be viewed as being analogous to a four-dimensional construction by Demianski and Plebanski. The further introduction of electric charge is achieved by means of a solution-generating technique, which exploits the global SL(2,R) symmetry of five-dimensional minimal supergravity reduced on a timelike direction to four dimensions. We present this procedure in detail, since it provides a particularly simple general way of adding charge to any stationary solution of five-dimensional minimal supergravity. The new charged solutions we obtain limit in special cases to black rings carrying electric and magnetic dipole charge, or to charged Myers-Perry rotating black holes. We analyse the general solutions in detail, showing that they can describe asymptotically locally flat black holes whose horizon is a lens space L(n;m)=S^3/Γ(n;m). At infinity they approach Minkowski_5/Γ(m;n).
description: 22 pages
Control of entanglement and two-qubit quantum gates with atoms crossing a detuned optical cavity
Creators: name: Gonta, D.
name: Fritzsche, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A scheme is proposed to generate an entangled state between two (Lambda-type) four-level atoms that interact effectively by means of a detuned optical cavity and a laser beam that acts perpendicularly to the cavity axis. It is shown how the degree of entanglement for two atoms passing through the cavity can be controlled by manipulating their velocity and the (initial) distance between the atoms. In addition, three realistic schemes are suggested to implement the two-qubit gates within the framework of the suggested atom-cavity-laser setup, namely, the i-swap gate, controlled-Z gate and the controlled-NOT gate. For all these schemes, we analyze and discuss the atomic velocities and inter-atomic distances for which these gates are realized most reliably.
description: IOP file; 17 pages, 5 figures, J. Phys. B accepted
Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS) XVI: Characterizing the impact of the molecular wind on the evolution of the HD 163296 system
Creators: name: Booth, Alice S.
name: Tabone, Benoit
name: Ilee, John D.
name: Walsh, Catherine
name: Aikawa, Yuri
name: Andrews, Sean M.
name: Bae, Jaehan
name: Bergin, Edwin A.
name: Bergner, Jennifer B.
name: Bosman, Arthur D.
name: Calahan, Jenny K.
name: Cataldi, Gianni
name: Cleeves, L. Ilsedore
name: Czekala, Ian
name: Guzman, Viviana V.
name: Huang, Jane
name: Law, Charles J.
name: Gal, Romane Le
name: Long, Feng
name: Loomis, Ryan A.
name: Menard, Francois
name: Oberg, Karin I.
name: Qi, Chunhua
name: Schwarz, Kamber R.
name: Teague, Richard
name: Tsukagoshi, Takashi
name: Wilner, David J.
name: Yamato, Yoshihide
name: Zhang, Ke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: During the main phase of evolution of a protoplanetary disk, accretion regulates the inner-disk properties, such as the temperature and mass distribution, and in turn, the physical conditions associated with planet formation. The driving mechanism behind accretion remains uncertain; however, one promising mechanism is the removal of a fraction of angular momentum via a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) disk wind launched from the inner tens of astronomical units of the disk. This paper utilizes CO isotopologue emission to study the unique molecular outflow originating from the HD 163296 protoplanetary disk obtained with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. HD~163296 is one of the most well-studied Class II disks and is proposed to host multiple gas-giant planets. We robustly detect the large-scale rotating outflow in the 12CO J=2-1 and the 13CO J=2-1 and J=1-0 transitions. We constrain the kinematics, the excitation temperature of the molecular gas, and the mass-loss rate. The high ratio of the rates of ejection to accretion (5 - 50), together with the rotation signatures of the flow, provides solid evidence for an MHD disk wind. We find that the angular momentum removal by the wind is sufficient to drive accretion through the inner region of the disk; therefore, accretion driven by turbulent viscosity is not required to explain HD~163296's accretion. The low temperature of the molecular wind and its overall kinematics suggest that the MHD disk wind could be perturbed and shocked by the previously observed high-velocity atomic jet. This paper is part of the MAPS special issue of the Astrophysical Journal Supplement.
description: Accepted ApJ July 30th 2021 This paper is part of the MAPS special issue of the Astrophysical Journal Supplement
Synthesis, crystal structure, microstructure, transport and magnetic properties of SmFeAsO and SmFeAs(O0.93F0.07)
Creators: name: Martinelli, A.
name: Ferretti, M.
name: Manfrinetti, P.
name: Palenzona, A.
name: Tropeano, M.
name: Cimberle, M. R.
name: Ferdeghini, C.
name: Valle, R.
name: Putti, M.
name: Siri, A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: SmFeAsO and the isostructural superconducting SmFeAs(O0.93F0.07) samples were prepared. Characterization by means of Rietveld refinement of X-ray powder diffraction data, scanning electron microscope observation, transmission electron microscope analysis, resistivity and magnetization measurements were carried out. Sintering treatment strongly improves the grain connectivity, but, on the other hand, induces a competition between the thermodynamic stability of the oxy-pnictide and Sm2O3, hence worsening the purity of the sample. In the pristine sample both magnetization and resistivity measurements clearly indicate that two different sources of magnetism are present: the former related to Fe ordering at 140 K and the latter due to the Sm ions that orders antiferromagnetically at low temperature. The feature at 140 K disappears in the F-substituted sample and, at low temperatures a superconducting transition appears. The magnetoresistivity curves of the F-substituted sample probably indicates very high critical field values.
description: Submitted to: Superconductor Science and Technology
A Novel Graph-Theoretic Deep Representation Learning Method for Multi-Label Remote Sensing Image Retrieval
Creators: name: Sumbul, Gencer
name: Demir, Begüm
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents a novel graph-theoretic deep representation learning method in the framework of multi-label remote sensing (RS) image retrieval problems. The proposed method aims to extract and exploit multi-label co-occurrence relationships associated to each RS image in the archive. To this end, each training image is initially represented with a graph structure that provides region-based image representation combining both local information and the related spatial organization. Unlike the other graph-based methods, the proposed method contains a novel learning strategy to train a deep neural network for automatically predicting a graph structure of each RS image in the archive. This strategy employs a region representation learning loss function to characterize the image content based on its multi-label co-occurrence relationship. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method for retrieval problems in RS compared to state-of-the-art deep representation learning methods. The code of the proposed method is publicly available at https://git.tu-berlin.de/rsim/GT-DRL-CBIR .
description: Accepted at IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) 2021. Our code is available at https://git.tu-berlin.de/rsim/GT-DRL-CBIR
Raman spectroscopy and planetary exploration: testing the ExoMars/RLS system at the Tabernas Desert (Spain)
Creators: name: Veneranda, Marco
name: Lopez-Reyes, Guillermo
name: Manrique-Martinez, Jose Antonio
name: Sanz-Arranz, Aurelio
name: Medina, Jesús
name: Pérez, Carlos
name: Quintana, César
name: Moral, Andoni
name: Rodríguez, Jose A.
name: Zafra, Jesús
name: Rull1, Fernando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: ExoFit trials are field campaigns financed by ESA to test the Rosalind Franklin rover and to enhance collaboration practices between ExoMars working groups. During the first trial, a replicate of the ExoMars rover was remotely operated from Oxfordshire (United Kingdom) to perform a complex sequence of scientific operation at the Tabernas Desert (Spain). By following the ExoMars Reference Surface Mission (RSM), the rover investigated the Badlands subsoil and collected drill cores, whose analytical study was entrusted to the RLS (Raman Laser Spectrometer) team. The preliminary characterization of core samples was performed in-situ through the RLS Engineering and Qualification Model (EQM-2) and the Raman Demonstrator (RAD1), being this a new, portable emulator of the RLS. In-situ results where then complemented by laboratory analysis using the RLS ExoMars simulator and the commercial version of the Curiosity/CheMin XRD system. Raman data, obtained by closely simulating the operational constraints of the mission, successfully disclosed the mineralogical composition of the samples, reaching the detection of minor/trace phases that were not detected by XRD. More importantly, Raman analysis detected many organic functional groups, proving the presence of extremophile organisms in the arid sub-surface of the Tabernas Desert. In light of the forthcoming ExoMars mission, the results here presented proves that RLS could play a critical role in the characterization of Martian sub-surface environments and in the analytical detection of potential traces of live tracers.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures, 1 table
Ground-State Cooling of a Mechanical Oscillator via a Hybrid Electro-Optomechanical System
Creators: name: Nongthombam, Roson
name: Sahoo, Ambaresh
name: Sarma, Amarendra K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a scheme for ground-state cooling of a mechanical resonator by simultaneously coupling it to a superconducting qubit and a cavity field. The Hamiltonian describing the hybrid system dynamics is systematically derived. The cooling process is driven by a red-detuned ac drive on the qubit and a laser drive on the optomechanical cavity. We have investigated cooling in the weak and the strong coupling regimes for both the individual system, i.e., qubit assisted cooling and optomechanical cooling, and compared them with the effective hybrid cooling. It is shown that hybrid cooling is more effective compared to the individual cooling mechanisms, and could be applied in both the resolved and the unresolved sideband regimes.
Precision Measurement of the n-3He Incoherent Scattering Length Using Neutron Interferometry
Creators: name: Huber, M. G.
name: Arif, M.
name: Black, T. C.
name: Chen, W. C.
name: Gentile, T. R.
name: Hussey, D. S.
name: Pushin, D.
name: Wietfeldt, F. E.
name: Yang, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the first measurement of the low-energy neutron-$^3$He incoherent scattering length using neutron interferometry: $b_i' = (-2.512\pm 0.012{statistical}\pm0.014{systematic})$ fm. This is in good agreement with a recent calculation using the AV18+3N potential. The neutron-$^3$He scattering lengths are important for testing and developing nuclear potential models that include three nucleon forces, effective field theories for few-body nuclear systems, and neutron scattering measurements of quantum excitations in liquid helium. This work demonstrates the first use of a polarized nuclear target in a neutron interferometer.
description: 4 figures
A test of the validity of a concrete-abstract hierarchy of addition facts on kindergarten children
Creators: name: Ward, Brian
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The study attempts to validate a task-analytic hierarchy for the number facts of addition between 6 and 9 along a Concrete-Abstract continuum. Literature is reviewed in four areas: Task Analytic hierarchies in arithmetic; the; learning theory which is associated with task analytic hierarchies; the interaction of task analytic learning theory and developmental learning theory; and attempts to indicate behaviours which specify a definition of a concept of numbers which can be hierarchically arranged, researched and discussed. A Concrete-Abstract hierarchy is presented with seven Task Levels arranged in four Conceptual Levels designated Concrete, Semi-Concrete, Concrete-Abstract and Abstract. Questions are posed which consider the possibilities of validating both a seven-stage hierarchy and a four-stage hierarchy. The target population was kindergarten children between the ages of 5 years 0 months and 5 years 11 months in one school district in British Columbia. This entire kindergarten population was screened and the original 125 children reduced to 49 in order to conform with pretest Entering Behaviours of a developmental nature concerned with the concept of numbers. From these children seven subjects were chosen as subjects for a pilot test to investigate whether subjects would answer most of the questions on the test designed, and to standardize the testing instructions. Twenty-eight subjects were chosen for the main study: 14 boys and 14 girls. Twenty-one of the 26 number facts between 6 and 9 were used in the main study and the other 5 in the pilot study. A Greco-Latin Square was employed to design a balanced test which incorporated the seven levels of the hierarchy with seven sets of items. Each item set of three number facts was also balanced so that the level of difficulty of these sets was, according to established criteria, approximately equal. Prior to the testing session each subject was taught three items at each Task Level of the hypothesized hierarchy. This teaching was given to seven groups of children, each group composed of 2 boys and 2 girls. In order to decide the items taught at each level of the hierarchy, a row of a Latin Square was chosen at random and matched with a balanced set of items. When subjected to a Guttman Scalogram Analysis data supported the existence of a four-level hierarchy. Using a cut-off point of 2 out of 3 items correct a coefficient of reproducibility of 0.95 was achieved. Ceiling effects did occur, however, which made it difficult to substantiate the hypothesized differences between the Concrete and Semi-Concrete Levels. A possible cause advanced, is the pretest which eliminated 76 children from the population prior to beginning the study, thus producing a group of subjects who were most likely high in intelligence and intelligence-related behaviours.
Spin-Diffusion Lengths in Dilute Cu(Ge) and Ag(Sn) Alloys
Creators: name: Fowler, Q.
name: Richard, B.
name: Sharma, A.
name: Theodoropoulou, N.
name: Loloee, R.
name: Pratt, W. P.
name: Bass, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use current-perpendicular-to-plane (CPP) exchange-biased spin-valves to directly measure spin diffusion lengths lsf for N = Cu(2.1 at.%Ge) and Ag(3.6 at.%Sn) alloys. We find lsf(Cu2%Ge)) = 117+10-6 nm and lsf(Ag4%Sn)= 39 +/- 3 nm. The good agreement of this lsf(Cu2%Ge) with the value lsf(Cu2%Ge) = 121 +/- 10 nm derived from an independent spin-orbit cross-section measurement for Ge in Cu, quantitatively validates the use of Valet-Fert theory for CPP-MR data analysis to layer thicknesses several times larger than had been done before. From the value of lsf(Ag4%Sn), we predict the ESR spin-orbit cross-section for Sn impurities in Ag.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures. In Press in Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials
Entropy-driven phase transitions with influence of the field-dependent diffusion coefficient
Creators: name: Kharchenko, V. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a comprehensive study of the phase transitions in the single-field reaction-diffusion stochastic systems with field-dependent mobility of a power-low form and the internal fluctuations. Using variational principles and mean-field theory it was shown that the noise can sustain spatial patterns and leads to disordering phase transitions. We have shown that the phase transitions can be of critical or non-critical character.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures
Benchmarking Machine Learning Algorithms for Adaptive Quantum Phase Estimation with Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum Sensors
Creators: name: Costa, Nelson Filipe
name: Omar, Yasser
name: Sultanov, Aidar
name: Paraoanu, Gheorghe Sorin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum phase estimation is a paradigmatic problem in quantum sensing andmetrology. Here we show that adaptive methods based on classical machinelearning algorithms can be used to enhance the precision of quantum phase estimation when noisy non-entangled qubits are used as sensors. We employ the Differential Evolution (DE) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithms to this task and we identify the optimal feedback policies which minimize the Holevo variance. We benchmark these schemes with respect to scenarios that include Gaussian and Random Telegraph fluctuations as well as reduced Ramsey-fringe visibility due to decoherence. We discuss their robustness against noise in connection with real experimental setups such as Mach-Zehnder interferometry with optical photons and Ramsey interferometry in trapped ions,superconducting qubits and nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond.
Bounding the greybody factors for Schwarzschild black holes
Creators: name: Boonserm, Petarpa
name: Visser, Matt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Greybody factors in black hole physics modify the naive Planckian spectrum that is predicted for Hawking radiation when working in the limit of geometrical optics. We consider the Schwarzschild geometry in (3+1) dimensions, and analyze the Regge-Wheeler equation for arbitrary particle spin S and wave-mode angular momentum L, deriving rigourous bounds on the greybody factors as a function of S, L, wave frequency (omega), and the black hole mass, m.
description: 5 pages; revtex4; V2 - two references added
Gravitational vacuum energy in our recently accelerating universe
Creators: name: Bludman, Sidney
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review current observations of the homogeneous cosmological expansion which, because they measure only kinematic variables, cannot determine the dynamics driving the recent accelerated expansion. The minimal fit to the data, the flat $ΛCDM$ model, consisting of cold dark matter and a cosmological constant, interprets $4Λ$ geometrically as a classical spacetime curvature constant of nature, avoiding any reference to quantum vacuum energy. (The observed Uehling and Casimir effects measure forces due to QED vacuum polarization, but not any quantum material vacuum energies.) An Extended Anthropic Principle, that Dark Energy and Dark Gravity be indistinguishable, selects out flat $ΛCDM$. Prospective cosmic shear and galaxy clustering observations of the growth of fluctuations are intended to test whether the 'dark energy' driving the recent cosmological acceleration is static or moderately dynamic. Even if dynamic, observational differences between an additional negative-pressure material component within general relativity (Dark Energy) and low-curvature modifications of general relativity (Dark Gravity) will be extremely small.
description: 3 pages, from Proceedings of the Casimir Workshop, to be published by IOP in Journal of Physics Conference Series
Additional file 5 of A comprehensive approach to risk factors for upper arm morbidities following breast cancer treatment: a prospective study
Creators: name: Klein, Ifat
name: Kalichman, Leonid
name: Chen, Noy
name: Susmallian, Sergio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 5: Table 9. Crosstab and OR divide by the size of the tumor.
Estimating smooth and sparse neural receptive fields with a flexible spline basis
Creators: name: Huang, Ziwei
name: Ran, Yanli
name: Oesterle, Jonathan
name: Euler, Thomas
name: Berens, Philipp
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Spatio-temporal receptive field (STRF) models are frequently used to approximate the computation implemented by a sensory neuron. Typically, such STRFs are assumed to be smooth and sparse. Current state-of-the-art approaches for estimating STRFs based on empirical Bayes are often not computationally efficient in high-dimensional settings, as encountered in sensory neuroscience. Here we pursued an alternative approach and encode prior knowledge for estimation of STRFs by choosing a set of basis functions with the desired properties: natural cubic splines. Our method is computationally efficient and can be easily applied to a wide range of existing models. We compared the performance of spline-based methods to non-spline ones on simulated and experimental data, showing that spline-based methods consistently outperform the non-spline versions.
Additional file 6 of A comprehensive approach to risk factors for upper arm morbidities following breast cancer treatment: a prospective study
Creators: name: Klein, Ifat
name: Kalichman, Leonid
name: Chen, Noy
name: Susmallian, Sergio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 6: Table 10. Crosstab and OR divide by the number of dissected lymph nodes.
Additional file 7 of A comprehensive approach to risk factors for upper arm morbidities following breast cancer treatment: a prospective study
Creators: name: Klein, Ifat
name: Kalichman, Leonid
name: Chen, Noy
name: Susmallian, Sergio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 7: Table 11. Crosstab and OR divide by the mean pain reported during hospitalization.
Kinky Vortons
Creators: name: Battye, Richard
name: Sutcliffe, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmic vortons are closed loops of superconducting cosmic strings carrying current and charge. Despite a large number of studies the existence and stability of cosmic vorton solutions is still an open problem. Numerical simulations of the nonlinear field theory are difficult to perform in (3+1)-dimensions, due to the existence of multiple length and time scales. In this paper we study a (2+1)-dimensional analogue of cosmic vortons, which we refer to as kinky vortons, where the cosmic string is replaced by a kink string. Many of the expected qualitative aspects of cosmic vortons transfer to kinky vortons, with the advantage that several approximations used in the study of cosmic vortons can be replaced by exact results. Furthermore, the numerical study of kinky vortons requires less computational resources than cosmic vortons, so a number of issues can be addressed in some depth. The radius of the kinky vorton is determined as a function of the charge and winding number, and it is shown that the chiral limit is a repulsive fixed point. Stability to both axial and non-axial perturbations is demonstrated in the electric and chiral regimes, though surprisingly long lived ringing modes are observed. Kinky vortons which are too magnetic are shown to suffer from a pinching instability, which results in a reduction in the winding number and can convert magnetic into electric solutions.
description: 22 pages, 9 figures
Using bijective maps to improve free energy estimates
Creators: name: Hahn, A. M.
name: Then, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive a fluctuation theorem for generalized work distributions, related to bijective mappings of the phase spaces of two physical systems, and use it to derive a two-sided constraint maximum likelihood estimator of their free energy difference which uses samples from the equilibrium configurations of both systems. As an application, we evaluate the chemical potential of a dense Lennard-Jones fluid and study the construction and performance of suitable maps.
description: 17 pages, 11 figures
Thermal QCD Sum Rules for sigma(600) Meson
Creators: name: Veliev, Elsen Veli
name: Aliev, Takhmassib M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the present work, the temperature dependence of the scalar mesons parameters is investigated in the framework of thermal QCD sum rules. We calculate sigma-pole and the non-resonant two-pion continuum contributions to the spectral density. Taking into account additional operators appearing at finite temperature, the thermal QCD sum rules are derived. The temperature dependence of the shifts in the mass and leptonic decay constant of scalar sigma(600) meson is calculated.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures
Ground penetrating radar early-time technique for soil electromagnetic parameters estimation
Creators: name: Ferrara, Carlotta <1983>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2014
Subjects: GEO/10 Geofisica della terra solida

description: In recent years, thanks to the technological advances, electromagnetic methods for non-invasive shallow subsurface characterization have been increasingly used in many areas of environmental and geoscience applications. Among all the geophysical electromagnetic methods, the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) has received unprecedented attention over the last few decades due to its capability to obtain, spatially and temporally, high-resolution electromagnetic parameter information thanks to its versatility, its handling, its non-invasive nature, its high resolving power, and its fast implementation.
The main focus of this thesis is to perform a dielectric site characterization in an efficient and accurate way studying in-depth a physical phenomenon behind a recent developed GPR approach, the so-called early-time technique, which infers the electrical properties of the soil in the proximity of the antennas. In particular, the early-time approach is based on the amplitude analysis of the early-time portion of the GPR waveform using a fixed-offset ground-coupled antenna configuration where the separation between the transmitting and receiving antenna is on the order of the dominant pulse-wavelength. Amplitude information can be extracted from the early-time signal through complex trace analysis, computing the instantaneous-amplitude attributes over a selected time-duration of the early-time signal.  Basically, if the acquired GPR signals are considered to represent the real part of a complex trace, and the imaginary part is the quadrature component obtained by applying a Hilbert transform to the GPR trace, the amplitude envelope is the absolute value of the resulting complex trace (also known as the instantaneous-amplitude).
Analysing laboratory information, numerical simulations and natural field conditions, and summarising the overall results embodied in this thesis, it is possible to suggest the early-time GPR technique as an effective method to estimate physical properties of the soil in a fast and non-invasive way.
AliMe MKG: A Multi-modal Knowledge Graph for Live-streaming E-commerce
Creators: name: Xu, Guohai
name: Chen, Hehong
name: Li, Feng-Lin
name: Sun, Fu
name: Shi, Yunzhou
name: Zeng, Zhixiong
name: Zhou, Wei
name: Zhao, Zhongzhou
name: Zhang, Ji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Live streaming is becoming an increasingly popular trend of sales in E-commerce. The core of live-streaming sales is to encourage customers to purchase in an online broadcasting room. To enable customers to better understand a product without jumping out, we propose AliMe MKG, a multi-modal knowledge graph that aims at providing a cognitive profile for products, through which customers are able to seek information about and understand a product. Based on the MKG, we build an online live assistant that highlights product search, product exhibition and question answering, allowing customers to skim over item list, view item details, and ask item-related questions. Our system has been launched online in the Taobao app, and currently serves hundreds of thousands of customers per day.
description: CIKM2021
Construction of the Solar-tracking Radiometry platform (So-Rad)
Creators: name: Wright, Adam
name: Simis, Stefan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: reflectance, water colour, radiometry, monocle, satellite calibration and validation

description: The purpose of the Solar-tracking Radiometry platform is to maintain optimal viewing angles of radiance sensors recording water-leaving reflectance (water colour), avoiding sun glint and platform shading even from moving platforms such as ships or buoys. The system is developed to operate autonomously, with low power consumption, integrating commercially available (ir)radiance sensors and providing remote connectivity. All hardware and software are open-source, through this repository and the associated software repository (https://github.com/monocle-h2020/so-rad). Their use is licensed under a creative commons non-commercial license. To discuss commercial use please contact the authors at stsi@pml.ac.uk. This repository contains the following: Construction manual focussed on electronics and software configuration, including these appendices: A photographic step-by-step instruction of the controller box layout A series of CAD drawings as drilling templates and component positioning and wiring CAD drawings describing a PVC motor-enclosure Installation Guide detailing how to deploy the So-Rad in the field
New expressions for Laguerre and Hermite polynomials
Creators: name: Moya-Cessa, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New expressions for Laguerre and Hermite polynomials are shown. They are based on operator algebras commonly used in quantum mechanics.
An Intelligent Multi-Agent Recommender System for Human Capacity Building
Creators: name: Marivate, Vukosi N.
name: Ssali, George
name: Marwala, Tshilidzi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents a Multi-Agent approach to the problem of recommending training courses to engineering professionals. The recommendation system is built as a proof of concept and limited to the electrical and mechanical engineering disciplines. Through user modelling and data collection from a survey, collaborative filtering recommendation is implemented using intelligent agents. The agents work together in recommending meaningful training courses and updating the course information. The system uses a users profile and keywords from courses to rank courses. A ranking accuracy for courses of 90% is achieved while flexibility is achieved using an agent that retrieves information autonomously using data mining techniques from websites. This manner of recommendation is scalable and adaptable. Further improvements can be made using clustering and recording user feedback.
description: Proceedings of the 14th IEEE Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference, 2008, pages 909 to 915
Macroscopic dynamics of biological cells interacting via chemotaxis and direct contact
Creators: name: Lushnikov, Pavel M.
name: Chen, Nan
name: Alber, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A connection is established between discrete stochastic model describing microscopic motion of fluctuating cells, and macroscopic equations describing dynamics of cellular density. Cells move towards chemical gradient (process called chemotaxis) with their shapes randomly fluctuating. Nonlinear diffusion equation is derived from microscopic dynamics in dimensions one and two using excluded volume approach. Nonlinear diffusion coefficient depends on cellular volume fraction and it is demonstrated to prevent collapse of cellular density. A very good agreement is shown between Monte Carlo simulations of the microscopic Cellular Potts Model and numerical solutions of the macroscopic equations for relatively large cellular volume fractions. Combination of microscopic and macroscopic models were used to simulate growth of structures similar to early vascular networks.
description: 12 pages, 6 pages
The initial luminosity and mass functions of the Galactic open clusters
Creators: name: Piskunov, A. E.
name: Kharchenko, N. V.
name: Schilbach, E.
name: Röser, S.
name: Scholz, R. -D.
name: Zinnecker, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (... abridged) The observed luminosity function can be constructed in a range of absolute integrated magnitudes $I_{M_V}= [-10, -0.5]$ mag, i.e. about 5 magnitudes deeper than in the most nearby galaxies. It increases linearly from the brightest limit to a turnover at about $I_{M_V}\approx-2.5$. The slope of this linear portion is $a=0.41\pm0.01$, which agrees perfectly with the slope deduced for star cluster observations in nearby galaxies. (...) We find that the initial mass function of open clusters (CIMF) has a two-segment structure with the slopes $α=1.66\pm0.14$ in the range $\log M_c/M_\odot=3.37...4.93$ and $α=0.82\pm0.14$ in the range $\log M_c/M_\odot=1.7...3.37$. The average mass of open clusters at birth is $4.5\cdot 10^3 M_\odot$, which should be compared to the average observed mass of about $700 M_\odot$. The average cluster formation rate derived from the comparison of initial and observed mass functions is $\bar{\upsilon}=0.4 \mathrm{kpc}^{-2}\mathrm{Myr}^{-1}$. Multiplying by the age of the Galactic disc (T = 13 Gyr) the predicted surface density of Galactic disc field stars originating from dissolved open clusters amounts to $22 M_\odot \mathrm{pc}^{-2}$ which is about 40% of the total surface density of the Galactic disc in the solar neighbourhood. Thus, we conclude that almost half of all field stars were born in open clusters, a much higher fraction than previously thought.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Schroedinger Cat: Entanglement test in a Micro-Macroscopic system
Creators: name: De Martini, Francesco
name: Sciarrino, Fabio
name: Vitelli, Chiara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A Macro-state consisting of N= 3.5 x 10^4 photons in a quantum superposition and entangled with a far apart single-photon state (Micro-state) is generated. Precisely, an entangled photon pair is created by a nonlinear optical process, then one photon of the pair is injected into an optical parametric amplifier (OPA) operating for any input polarization state, i.e. into a phase-covariant cloning machine. Such transformation establishes a connection between the single photon and the multi particle fields. We then demonstrate the non-separability of the bipartite system by adopting a local filtering technique within a positive operator valued measurement.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Dilepton production from polarized hadron hadron collisions
Creators: name: Arnold, S.
name: Metz, A.
name: Schlegel, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we present a comprehensive formalism for dilepton production from the collision of two polarized spin-$\tfrac{1}{2}$ hadrons by identifying the general angular distribution of the cross section in combination with a complete set of structure functions. The various structure functions are computed in the parton model approximation where we mainly consider the case when the transverse momentum of the dilepton pair is much smaller than its invariant mass. In this kinematical region dilepton production can be described in terms of transverse momentum dependent parton distributions.
description: references added, minor stylistic changes, to appear in PRD