cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The rural tax: comprehensive out-of-pocket costs associated with patient travel in British Columbia
Creators: name: Kornelsen, Jude, 1965-
name: Khowaja, Asif Raza
name: Av-Gay, Gal
name: Sullivan, Eva
name: Parajulee, Anshu
name: Dunnebacke, Marjorie
name: Egan, Dorothy
name: Balas, Mickey
name: Williamson, Peggy
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2021

description: Background A significant concern for rural patients is the cost of travel outside of their community for specialist and diagnostic care. Often, these costs are transferred to patients and their families, who also experience stress associated with traveling for care. We sought to examine the rural patient experience by (1) estimating and categorizing the various out of pocket costs associated with traveling for healthcare and (2) describing and measuring patient stress and other experiences associated with traveling to seek care, specifically in relation to household income. Methods We have designed and administered an online, retrospective, cross-sectional survey seeking to estimate the out-of-pocket (OOP) costs and personal experiences of rural patients associated with traveling to access health care in British Columbia. Respondents were surveyed across five categories: Distance Traveled and Transportation Costs, Accommodation Costs, Co-Traveler Costs, Lost Wages, and Patient Stress. Bivariate relationships between respondent household income and other numerical findings were investigated using one-way ANOVA. Results On average, costs for respondents were $856 and $674 for transport and accommodation, respectively. Strong relationships were found to exist between the distance traveled and total transport costs, as well as between a patient’s stress and their household income. Patient perspectives obtained from this survey expressed several related issues, including the physical and psychosocial impacts of travel as well as delayed or diminished care seeking. Conclusions These key findings highlight the existing inequities between rural and urban patient access to health care and how these inequities are exacerbated by a patient’s overall travel-distance and financial status. This study can directly inform policy related efforts towards mitigating the rural-urban gap in access to health care.
Caridina villadolidi Blanco 1939
Creators: name: Shokita, Yixiong Cai Shigemitsu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2006
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Atyidae
Caridina
Caridina villadolidi

description: Caridina villadolidi Blanco, 1939
 Caridina typus var. longirostris De Man, 1892: 370, Pl. 22 Fig. 22 f-i [type locality: Palopo, Sulawesi (Celebes), Indonesia].
 Caridina villadolidi Blanco, 1939a: 389, Pl. 1 [type locality: Laoag River, Luzon, Philippines]; Hung et al., 1993: 485, Fig. 3; Chace, 1997: 21, Fig. 12; Cai & Ng, 2001: 668, Fig. 4 a-e.
 Caridina typus – De Silva, 1982: 135, Figs. 4 a-h.
  Material examined. –  2 males, cl 4.7-4.9 mm, UR, Tag Bariri, Palawan Island, Philippines, 9 Aug. 1985; 1 male, cl 4.3 mm, UR, Aninoan River, Mindoro Island, Philippines, 15 Aug.1985; 1 male, cl 4.5 mm, UR, Iraan River, Mindoro, Philippines, 5 Aug.1985.
  Remarks. – Caridina villadolidi  was originally described from Philippines (Blanco, 1939).
 Distribution. – Philippines, Sulawesi, Halmahera, Sri Lanka.
description: Published as part of Shokita, Yixiong Cai Shigemitsu, 2006, Report On A Collection Of Freshwater Shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) From The Philippines, With Descriptions Of Four New Species, pp. 245-270 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 54 (2) on page 248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13245522
Caridina endehensis De Man 1892
Creators: name: Shokita, Yixiong Cai Shigemitsu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2006
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Atyidae
Caridina
Caridina endehensis

description: Caridina endehensis De Man, 1892
 Caridina brevicarpalis var. endehensis De Man, 1892: 399, Pl. 24 Fig. 30e [type locality: Nuawari, near Ende, Flores, Indonesia]; Bouvier, 1925: 34; Roux, 1928: 218; Blanco, 1935: 34, Pl. 2 Fig. 25; Chace, 1997: 8, Fig. 3.
 Caridina brevicarpalis – Holthuis, 1978: 38.
  Material examined. –  10 males, cl 2.0- 3.2 mm, 12 females, cl 5.1- 7.0 mm, 6 ovig. females, cl 5.8-7.8 mm, Alag River, Mindoro Island, Philippines, 15 Aug.1985; 3 males, cl 3.4-4.8 mm, 1 ovig. females, cl 6.8 mm, Caboroan, Luzon Island, Philippines, 15 Jul.1985; 5 males, cl 4.1-4.7 mm, 3 females, cl 4.3-5.7 mm, 8 ovig. females, cl 6.5-6.8 mm, Bongabong River, Mindoro Island, Philippines, 14 Aug.1985; 3 males, cl 3.7-3.9 mm, 1 female, cl 4.6 mm, 2 ovig. females, cl 5.2-5.7 mm, San Francisco River, Surigao, Del Nork, Mindanao, Philippines, 25 Jul.1985.
  Remarks. –  See remarks under the previous species. Holthuis (1978) reported Caridina brevicarpalis from Sumba. According to his description, his specimens “can unhesitatingly be brought to ssp. endehensis...” Caridina endehensis has previously been reported from Philippines by Blanco (1935) and Chace (1997).
 Distribution. – Philippines, Indonesia.
description: Published as part of Shokita, Yixiong Cai Shigemitsu, 2006, Report On A Collection Of Freshwater Shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) From The Philippines, With Descriptions Of Four New Species, pp. 245-270 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 54 (2) on page 248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13245522
Additional file 3 of Effects of mesenchymal stromal cell-conditioned media on measures of lung structure and function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies
Creators: name: Moreira, Alvaro
name: Rija Naqvi
name: Hall, Kristen
name: Chimobi Emukah
name: Martinez, John
name: Moreira, Axel
name: Dittmar, Evan
name: Zoretic, Sarah
name: Evans, Mary
name: Delanie Moses
name: Shamimunisa Mustafa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3: Figure S3. Effect size of CdM on right ventricular hypertrophy. Forest plots demonstrate SMD with 95% confidence interval.
Additional file 4 of Effects of mesenchymal stromal cell-conditioned media on measures of lung structure and function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies
Creators: name: Moreira, Alvaro
name: Rija Naqvi
name: Hall, Kristen
name: Chimobi Emukah
name: Martinez, John
name: Moreira, Axel
name: Dittmar, Evan
name: Zoretic, Sarah
name: Evans, Mary
name: Delanie Moses
name: Shamimunisa Mustafa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 4: Figure S4. Effect size of MSC on lung fibrosis. Forest plots demonstrate SMD with 95% confidence interval.
Las piedras
Creators: name: Pérez Caballero, Jesús
Publisher: name: El Mañana de Nuevo Laredo
Year: 2024
Subjects: El Mañana de Nuevo Laredo
prensa de México
ensayo
extorsión
enfiteusis
Leonardo Sciascia
Federico Campbell
Las parroquias de Regalpetra
violencia
recurso de amparo
fragmentos de documentos judiciales
impuesto
derechos de propiedad

description: «Loterías revolucionarias, repartos patrimonialistas o multinacionales centrífugas dan en México una cizaña petrificada en extorsiones y extorsionistas».
description: Columna «Desde la frontera», publicada en El Mañana de Nuevo Laredo, p. 4 (local).

El autor es Jesús Pérez Caballero. Por error de imprenta, el nombre aparece como «Jorge» en la edición en papel. En la edición digital se corrigió el 4 de agosto de 2024. Igualmente, en la columna «Desde la frontera» del 3 de agosto de 2024, se incluyó el siguiente párrafo final: «FE DE ERRATAS: En la columna "Las piedras" del sábado 20 de julio de 2024 dice: Jorge Pérez Caballero. Debe decir: Jesús Pérez Caballero».
Additional file 15 of Effects of mesenchymal stromal cell-conditioned media on measures of lung structure and function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies
Creators: name: Moreira, Alvaro
name: Rija Naqvi
name: Hall, Kristen
name: Chimobi Emukah
name: Martinez, John
name: Moreira, Axel
name: Dittmar, Evan
name: Zoretic, Sarah
name: Evans, Mary
name: Delanie Moses
name: Shamimunisa Mustafa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 15: Figure S15. Funnel plot assessing for publication bias of CdM on lung fibrosis.
Caridina propinqua De Man 1908
Creators: name: Shokita, Yixiong Cai Shigemitsu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2006
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Atyidae
Caridina
Caridina propinqua

description: Caridina propinqua De Man, 1908
 Caridina propinqua De Man, 1908a: 227, Pl. 19 Fig. 6 [type locality: Dhappa, near Calcutta, India]; Kemp, 1915: 309; 1918: 274; Bouvier, 1925: 181, Figs. 375, 381; Johnson, 1961: 131, Figs. 12-15; De Silva, 1982: 127, Fig. 5; Ng & Choy, 1990: 17.
  Material examined. –  2 males, cl 2.7-2.8 mm, 6 females, cl 3.9 mm, Surigao Mangrove, Mindanao Island, Philippines, Station 2, 25 Jul.1985.
 Remarks. – The species has a preference to live in mangrove, though sometimes could be found at other freshwater habitats. This is a new record for the Philippines.
 Distribution. – Sri Lanka, India, Thailand, Malay Peninsula.
description: Published as part of Shokita, Yixiong Cai Shigemitsu, 2006, Report On A Collection Of Freshwater Shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) From The Philippines, With Descriptions Of Four New Species, pp. 245-270 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 54 (2) on page 249, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13245522
Deliverable 5.5 UNITA Expansion in Europe and beyond implemented
Creators: name: University of Turin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Geminae network
international

description: Context and ObjectivesThis document outlines the UNITA Internationalization strategic goals for the period 2025-2027/29. These guidelines aim to provide strategic guidance and outline the practical steps and resources needed for UNITA members to carry out their internationalization strategy.MethodologyThis work has been carried out by the UNITA participants in the Internationalization task team; a workshop was held in Pamplona to focus on the strategy development; dedicated teams have developed the different strategic objectives, and several interviews have been conducted with Geminae partners. There has been a close cooperation with the task team developing the Impact observatory to define impact, output and outcome indicators.

Results and OutcomesThe strategy is as an important catalyst for policy discussions and further reform to facilitate university cooperation across borders. The actions to be taken with Geminae partners and other alliances will lead to stronger relationships, increased collaboration, and higher success rates in joint projects. These efforts will improve the visibility of the alliance, enhance resource sharing, and promote sustainable mobility practices, with the aim of lowering the carbon footprint.Impact and Applications

UNITA's internationalization initiative aims to strengthen transnational university cooperation, enhancing re- search, innovation, and sustainable development in higher education. A key focus is on expanding partnerships, including the Geminae network, to boost knowledge transfer, academic excellence, and global competitiveness. The initiative prioritizes the improvement of the student experience, through innovative pedagogical practices, fostering cultural integration, and promoting international collaboration. Additionally, it emphasizes sustainability and social responsibility, preparing students for global challenges while ensuringthe long-term impact of UNITA’s efforts.Next StepsThe strategy consolidates and qualifies the international dimension of UNITA. In the following months, the concrete actions for the upcoming year will be designed. The strategy will be updated yearly, considering the information captured through the indicators and the valuation of the impact attained.KeywordsGeminae network, internationalization, co-design, cooperation, mobility, sustainability
The Ethics of Dying: Deciphering Pandemic-Resultant Pressures That Influence Elderly Patients’ Medical Assistance in Dying (MAiD) Decisions
Creators: name: Khawaja, Masud
name: Khawaja, Abdullah
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2021

description: The objective of medicine is to provide humans with the best possible health outcomes from the beginning to the end of life. If the continuation of life becomes unbearable, some may evaluate procedures to end their lives prematurely. One such procedure is Medical Assistance in Dying (MAiD), and it is hotly contended in many spheres of society. From legal to personal perspectives, there are strong arguments for its implementation and prohibition. This article intends to add to this rich discourse by exploring MAiD in the context of our current pandemic-ridden society as new pressures from social isolation and guilt threaten the autonomy of vulnerable elderly patients. Although autonomy is of chief importance, variables within our current context undermine otherwise independent decisions. Many older individuals are isolated from their social network, resulting in a decline in their mental health. Individuals in such a state are more likely to request a MAiD outcome. Furthermore, overwhelmed healthcare systems may not adequately address this state, which would normally have prompted a mental health intervention. The future of MAiD is far from settled and careful consideration must be given as new contexts come to light, such as those outlined in this paper.
Caridina gracilirostris De Man 1892
Creators: name: Shokita, Yixiong Cai Shigemitsu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2006
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Atyidae
Caridina
Caridina gracilirostris

description: Caridina gracilirostris De Man, 1892
 Caridina gracilirostris De Man, 1892: 399, Pl. 25 Fig. 31-31d [type locality: Balangnipa, Sulawesi (Celebes) Indonesia]; Bouvier, 1925: 142, Figs. 305-307; Holthuis, 1965: 23, Fig. 7; Tiwari & Pillai, 1971: 83, Fig. 2a, b; Chace, 1997: 10, Fig. 4; Cai & Ng, 2001: 674, Fig. 7.
  Material examined. –  2 males, cl 3.8-3.9 mm, 3 females, cl 3.1-3.5 mm, UR, Sungao River (downstream of Mabuhay River), Mindanao Island, Philippines, 25 Jul.1985; 3 females, cl 3.8-4.3 mm, Sta. Rosa, Luzon, Philippines, 15 Jul.1985; 1 male, cl 4.2 mm, UR, Bororo River, Luzon, Philippines, 16 Jul.1985; 3 males, cl 3.5-4.1 mm, 12 females, cl 2.5-4.2 mm, 2 ovig. females, cl 4.2-4.6 mm, UR, Pagsanjan River, Philippines, 19 Jul.1985.
  Remarks. –  Our specimens all have no appendix interna at the endopod of male first pleopod, should clearly be referred to the typical form of Caridina gracilirostris. Cai & Ng (in preparation) recently revised the Caridina gracilirostris species group, referring the form with no appendix interna in endopod of male first pleopod as C. gracilirostris and the other, with a distinct appendix interna in the endopod of male first pleopod as C. appendiculata Jalihal & Shenoy, 1998.
 Distribution. – Sulawesi, Philippines, Malay Peninsula, India, Madagascar.
description: Published as part of Shokita, Yixiong Cai Shigemitsu, 2006, Report On A Collection Of Freshwater Shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) From The Philippines, With Descriptions Of Four New Species, pp. 245-270 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 54 (2) on page 250, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13245522
Additional file 18 of Effects of mesenchymal stromal cell-conditioned media on measures of lung structure and function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies
Creators: name: Moreira, Alvaro
name: Rija Naqvi
name: Hall, Kristen
name: Chimobi Emukah
name: Martinez, John
name: Moreira, Axel
name: Dittmar, Evan
name: Zoretic, Sarah
name: Evans, Mary
name: Delanie Moses
name: Shamimunisa Mustafa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 18: Figure S18. Funnel plot assessing for publication bias of CdM on pulmonary pressures.
Palpares lilii sp. n. – a new species of antlion from Namibia (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae)
Creators: name: Levente Ábrahám
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Palparini, taxonomy, new species, Namibia, Africa

description: Palpares lilii sp. n. is described from Namibia and compared to other species in the tribe Palparini, namely Palpares cataractae Péringuey, 1910, P. ertli (Navás, 1912) and Annularis aspoecki Mansell, 2004, which are all known from southern Africa.
Additional file 2 of Effects of mesenchymal stromal cell-conditioned media on measures of lung structure and function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies
Creators: name: Moreira, Alvaro
name: Rija Naqvi
name: Hall, Kristen
name: Chimobi Emukah
name: Martinez, John
name: Moreira, Axel
name: Dittmar, Evan
name: Zoretic, Sarah
name: Evans, Mary
name: Delanie Moses
name: Shamimunisa Mustafa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2: Figure S2. Effect size of CdM vs. MSC on lung alveolarization. . Forest plots demonstrate SMD with 95% confidence interval.
Deliverable D5.4 UNITA Impact Observatory Plan
Creators: name: University of Turin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: impact assessment,
European University Initiative
sustainability
Theory of Change
knowledge transfer

description: Context and ObjectivesThis deliverable addresses the need for a strategy to measure and assess the impact of new  ecosystems developed within the framework of the European University Initiative by the Erasmus+  program. It shifts focus from merely academic to societal impact, including benefits like  environmental sustainability. The goal is to establish a unified framework for impact assessment,  harmonizing quantitative and qualitative indicators for alliances while respecting each university’s  unique characteristics.MethodologyThe proposed approach combines a Theory of Change framework with two observatories for internal  and external evaluation, employing the Rational Unified Process (RUP) methodology. This includes a four-phase structure— inception, elaboration, construction, and transition— to enable continuous  development aligned with alliance goals.Results and OutcomesA multi-dimensional observatory framework, UNITAPedia, was developed to capture and evaluate  impact across six viewpoints: structural, strategic, beneficiaries, semantic, infrastructure, and data.  An external observatory focuses on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), benchmarking against the  Times Higher Education Impact Ranking, and promoting shared best practices.Impact and ApplicationsThis strategy enhances visibility for participating universities and fosters knowledge transfer,  promoting innovation in impact assessment. The observatories serve as practical tools for ongoing  measurement, visibility, and the collective learning of sustainable practices.Conclusions and Next StepsUNITA’s strategy incorporates a continuous improvement cycle to evolve with needs, fostering  collaboration and innovation. Future directions include strengthening knowledge transfer and  expanding the reach of impact assessment innovations across European universities.Keywords: impact assessment, European University Initiative, sustainability, Theory of Change, SDGs, knowledge transfer.
Additional file 23 of Effects of mesenchymal stromal cell-conditioned media on measures of lung structure and function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies
Creators: name: Moreira, Alvaro
name: Rija Naqvi
name: Hall, Kristen
name: Chimobi Emukah
name: Martinez, John
name: Moreira, Axel
name: Dittmar, Evan
name: Zoretic, Sarah
name: Evans, Mary
name: Delanie Moses
name: Shamimunisa Mustafa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 23: File S3. CdM characteristics.
Macrobrachium australe
Creators: name: Shokita, Yixiong Cai Shigemitsu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2006
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Palaemonidae
Macrobrachium
Macrobrachium australe

description: Macrobrachium australe (Guérin-Méneville, 1838)
 Palaemon australis Guérin-Méneville, 1838: 37 [type locality: Tahiti, French Polynesia].
 Palaemon sundaicus Heller, 1862: 415, Pl. 2 Figs. 38, 39 [type locality: Java, Indonesia].
 Palaemon dispar Von Martens 1868: 41 [type locality: Pulau Adonara, east of Flores, Indonesia].
 Palaemon (Eupalaemon) dispar – De Man, 1902: 766.
 Macrobrachium australe – Holthuis, 1950: 124, Figs. 27-30; Chace & Bruce, 1993: 23, Fig. 2; Cai & Ng, 2001: 683, Fig. 14a-d; Cai & Anker, 2004: 258.
 Material examined. – 2 males, cl 3.0- 3.1 mm, UR, Caboroan, Luzon Island, Philippines, 15 Jul.1985; 1 male, cl 26 mm, UR, Bauang River, Luzon Island, Philippines, 16 Jul.1985; 1 female, cl 10.5 mm, 1 ovig. female, cl 13.5 mm, UR, Iraan River, Philippines, 5 Aug.1985; 1 male, cl 30 mm, UR, Agan River, Mindoro Island, Philippines, 14 Aug.1985.
  Remarks. –  This is one of the most common and widely distributed species in the Indo-West Pacific.
 Distribution. – Indo-West Pacific, from Madagascar to Polynesia.
description: Published as part of Shokita, Yixiong Cai Shigemitsu, 2006, Report On A Collection Of Freshwater Shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) From The Philippines, With Descriptions Of Four New Species, pp. 245-270 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 54 (2) on page 263, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13245522
Macrobrachium esculentum
Creators: name: Shokita, Yixiong Cai Shigemitsu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2006
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Palaemonidae
Macrobrachium
Macrobrachium esculentum

description: Macrobrachium esculentum (Thallwitz, 1891)
 Palaemon esculentus Thallwitz, 1891: 98 [type locality: northern Celebes (Sulawesi), Indonesia].
 Palaemon dulcis Thallwitz, 1891: 99 [type locality: northern Celebes (Sulawesi), Indonesia].
 Macrobrachium esculentum – Holthuis, 1950: 257; 1980: 91; Domantay, 1956: 363; Chace & Bruce, 1993: 26; Shy & Yu, 1998: 23.
 Material examined. – 6 males, cl 15-28 mm, UR, Bauang River, Luzon Island, Philippines, 16 Jul.1985.
  Remarks. – Macrobrachium esculentum  is characterized by the inflated palm, which have a velvety pubescence at the inner surface of the palm. It was firstly reported from Philippines by Domantay (1956), who listed it as one of the most important species commercially in Philippines. Chace & Bruce (1993: 26) doubted this record. The present specimens confirm the distribution of M. esculentum in Philippines. Shy & Yu (1998) reported it from Taiwan. Cai, Naiyanetr & Ng (2004) reviewed the Thai Macrobrachium and confirmed that there is no M. esculentum can be found from Thailand, the record of M. esculentum by Lumubol (1980) and Naiyanetr (1998) must be referred to a species of M. pilimanus group.
 Distribution. – Sulawesi, Philippines, Taiwan.
description: Published as part of Shokita, Yixiong Cai Shigemitsu, 2006, Report On A Collection Of Freshwater Shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) From The Philippines, With Descriptions Of Four New Species, pp. 245-270 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 54 (2) on pages 263-264, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13245522
The Neuroscience of Stillness - Embracing the Quiet Fruitfulness of Doing Nothing
Creators: name: Attallah, Arnaldo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Cognitive Neuroscience
subject: Cognitive Neuroscience/education
subject: Neuroscience Nursing/standards

description: The relationship between inactivity and creative inspiration has intrigued thinkers for centuries. The idea that "doing

nothing" can be a catalyst for innovation seems counterintuitive in a world that often equates productivity with constant

activity. However, historical accounts and emerging neuroscience suggest that periods of deliberate mental downtime are

crucial for fostering creative breakthroughs. This document explores the neuroscientific basis of this phenomenon,

focusing on the role of the default mode network and the conditions that facilitate creative insight, including the common

experience of the "shower epiphany."
Materials Relating to the Contract between Dogwood Hollow and Alfonso D'Artega and Daniel Rybb, 1955
Creators: name: Minuse, T. Bayles
name: Rybb, Daniel
name: D'Artega, Alfonso
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1955
Subjects: Stony Brook
Concerts
Correspondence
Contract negotiations

description: This group of records includes letters between T. Bayles Minuse, Daniel Rybb and Alfonso D'Artega about contract negotiations, as well as the contract between the three for the summer concert season of 1955.
Exploring healthcare access for autistic adults
Creators: name: Calleja, Shenae
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: For many autistic adults, accessing or receiving any type of healthcare treatment can be challenging. The aim of this mixed-method study was to investigate and explore the factors that influence autistic adults' access to healthcare in Melbourne, Australia. Access to healthcare is a human right, and autistic adults with the appropriate pathways and support can access preventative healthcare, have lower presentation and readmission rates in hospital, and live long and healthy lives. Many groups, including autistic adults, primary caregivers, and healthcare clinicians, will benefit from the findings.
Social integration after moving to a new city predicts lower systolic blood pressure
Creators: name: Roddick, Charlotte
name: Christie, Chelsea D.
name: Madden, Kenneth M.
name: Chen, Frances S.
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2022

description: Residential mobility is linked to higher incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. A mechanism by which residential relocation may impact health is through the disruption of social networks. To examine whether moving to a new city is associated with increased CVD risk, and whether the extent to which movers rebuild their social network after relocating predicts improved CVD risk and psychosocial wellbeing, recent movers (n = 26) and age- and sex-matched non-movers (n = 20) were followed over 3 months. Blood pressure, C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (CRP/ALB), social network size, and psychosocial wellbeing were measured at intake (within 6 weeks of residential relocation for movers), and 3 months later. Multiple regression indicated higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) for movers (M = 107.42, SD = 11.39), compared with non-movers (M = 102.37, SD = 10.03) at intake, though this trend was not statistically significant. As predicted, increases in movers’ social network size over 3 months predicted decreases in SBP, even after controlling for age, sex, and waist-to-hip ratio, b = -2.04 mmHg, 95% CI [-3.35, -0.73]. Associations between increases in movers’ social ties and decreases in depressive symptoms and stress were in the predicted direction but did not meet the traditional cut-off for statistical significance. Residential relocation and movers’ social network size were not associated with CRP/ALB in this healthy sample. This study provides preliminary evidence for increased SBP among recent movers; furthermore, it suggests that this elevation in CVD risk may decrease as individuals successfully rebuild their social network.
Macrobrachium jaroense
Creators: name: Shokita, Yixiong Cai Shigemitsu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2006
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Palaemonidae
Macrobrachium
Macrobrachium jaroense

description: Macrobranchium jaroense (Cowles, 1914)
 Palaemon jaroensis Cowles, 1914: 385, Pl. 3 Fig. 8 [type localitty: Hibucawan River near Jaro, Leyte].
 Macrobrachium jaroense – Holthuis, 1950: 205; Hwang & Yu, 1982: 167; Chace & Bruce, 1993: 29, Fig. 7.
 Macrobrachium cf. jaroensis – Shy & Yu, 1998: 33.
 Material examined. – 1 male, cl 16.0 mm, UR, Upstream of tributary of Pugo River, Luzon Island, Philippines, 16 Jul.1985; 1 female, cl 11.5 mm, UR, Alag River, Mindoro Island, Philippines, 15 Aug.1985; 1 female, cl 15.0 mm, 2 ovig. females, cl 11-16.0 mm, UR, San Gabriel, Luzon Island, Philippines, 15 Jul.1985; 2 males, cl 13-15 mm, 3 females, cl 9.5-11.0 mm, 4 ovig. females, cl 10- 11.5 mm, UR, Tag Bariri, Palawan Island, Philippines, 9 Aug.1985; 1 male, cl 21 mm, UR, Manuanga River, Cebu Island, Philippines, 29 Jul.1985; 1 male, cl 21.0 mm, UR, Villaflor River, Mindoro Island, Philippines, 15 Aug.1985; 3 males, cl 17.0- 17.5 mm, UR, upper stream of Sagay River, Cebu Island, Philippines, 27 Jul.1985; 3 males, cl 13-16 mm, 2 females, cl 12-15 mm, UR, Papait River, Station 2 at Upper stream, Palawan Island, Philippines, 9 Aug.1985; 1 male, cl 17 mm, 3 females, cl 14.0-17.0 mm, UR, Bongabong River, Mindoro Island, Philippines, 14 Aug.1985; 1 male, cl 17 mm, UR, Naguilian River, Luzon Island, Philippines, 14 Jul.1985; 2 males, cl 11-14.5 mm, UR, Iraan River, Mindoro Island, Philippines, 5 Aug.1985; 1 male, cl 7.5 mm, UR, Upstream of tributary of Pugo River, Luzon Island, Philippine, 16 Jul.1985; 2 males, cl 13-13.5 mm, UR, Pitogo River, Panay Island, Philippines, 19 Aug.1985; 1 male, cl 16.5 mm, UR, Sagay River, Cebu Island, Philippines, 27 Jul.1985.
  Remarks. – Macrobrachium jaroensis  is characterized by the presence of the dense stiff setae at the cutting edges of the fingers, and the variable length of fingers, which are from shorter than palm to distinctly longer. It was originally described from Leytes, Philippines. Hwang & Yu (1982) reported it from Taiwan. Chace & Bruce (1993) recorded it from Cebu. The present study shows that it is quite common in the Philippines. Shy & Yu (1998) doubtfully referred some Taiwanese specimens to M. jeroensis. The re-examination of the Taiwanese specimens by the first author confirmed this identity.
 Distribution. – Philippines, Taiwan.
description: Published as part of Shokita, Yixiong Cai Shigemitsu, 2006, Report On A Collection Of Freshwater Shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) From The Philippines, With Descriptions Of Four New Species, pp. 245-270 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 54 (2) on page 264, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13245522
Additional file 6 of Effects of mesenchymal stromal cell-conditioned media on measures of lung structure and function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies
Creators: name: Moreira, Alvaro
name: Rija Naqvi
name: Hall, Kristen
name: Chimobi Emukah
name: Martinez, John
name: Moreira, Axel
name: Dittmar, Evan
name: Zoretic, Sarah
name: Evans, Mary
name: Delanie Moses
name: Shamimunisa Mustafa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 6: Figure S6. Effect size of CdM vs. MSC on lung permeability. Forest plots demonstrate SMD with 95% confidence interval.
Macrobrachium placidulum
Creators: name: Shokita, Yixiong Cai Shigemitsu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2006
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Palaemonidae
Macrobrachium
Macrobrachium placidulum

description: Macrobrachium placidulum (De Man, 1892)
 Palaemon (Macrobrachium) placidulus De Man, 1892: 489, pl.28: fig. 48 [type localities: Celebes (Sulawesi), Pulau Selajar, Flores, and Timor].
 Macrobrachium placidulum – Holthuis, 1950: 253, fig. 51c; Chace & Bruce, 1993: 35, fig. 14.
 Macrobrachium placidum – Shokita, 1979: 275.
 Macrobrachium horstii – Hwang & Yu, 1982: 164, fig. 5.
 Macrobrachium cf. horstii – Shy & Yu, 1998: 30.
  Material examined. –  1 male, cl 14 mm, UR, Manuanga River, Cebu Island, Phippines, 29 Jul.1985; 2 males, cl 12.8 -14 mm, 1 ovig. female, cl 12.5 mm, UR, Aninoan River, Mindoro Island, Philipines, 25 Aug.1985; 3 males, cl 11.5-13 mm, UR, Iraan River, Philippines, no date.
  Remarks. – Macrobrachium placidulum  is related to M. lepidactyloides and M. placidum by having a distinct gap between fingers of the minor second pereiopod, and the gap is filled with stiff setae. It, however, could be easily separated from the latter two species by the less inflated palm and the shorter fingers which are always distinctly shorter than the palm. Shokita (1979) recorded Macrobrachium placidum from Okinawa, Ryukyu Island. Re-examination of his specimens shows that it is M. placidulum instead. M. placidum, which has only been found from west Sumatra and Java, has a more inflated palm in the major male second pereiopod and the fingers are longer. Hwang & Yu (1982) and Shy & Yu (1998) assigned some Taiwanese specimens to M. horstii. According the figures that they provides and the re-examination of the reported material, there is a distinct gap filled with stiff setae between fingers of the male miner second pereiopod, a character does not fit the description of M. horstii. It is in fact, M. placidulum instead.
 Distribution. – Philippines, Taiwan, Ryukyus.
description: Published as part of Shokita, Yixiong Cai Shigemitsu, 2006, Report On A Collection Of Freshwater Shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) From The Philippines, With Descriptions Of Four New Species, pp. 245-270 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 54 (2) on page 264, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13245522
Pierwsze stwierdzenia porażenia imagines chrząszczy (Coleoptera) przez gąsieniczniki Dolichomitus tuberculatus (Geoffroy, 1785) i Dolichomitus quercicolus Zwakhals, 2010 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae)
Creators: name: Jan Tatur-Dytkowski
name: Mark R. Shaw
name: Jacek Hilszczański
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Pimplinae, parasitoid wasps, host interactions, biology, Poland, France

description: First records of Dolichomitus tuberculatus (Geoffroy, 1785) and Dolichomitus quercicolus Zwakhals, 2010 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) infestation of beetles (Coleoptera) imagines.Dolichomitus tuberculatus (Geoffroy, 1785) and Dolichomitus quercicolus Zwakhals, 2010 were found ascapable of infesting adults of saproxylic cerambycid beetles in pupal chambers, the black-spotted longhornbeetle Rhagium mordax (DeGeer, 1775) and the tanbark borer Phymatodes testaceus (Linnaeus, 1758)respectively. Parasitism on imagines of Coleoptera by Pimplinae parasitoids was recorded and documentedfor the first time. This demonstrates more plasticity in host usage by the genus Dolichomitus Smith thanhad hitherto been appreciated.
Additional file 7 of Effects of mesenchymal stromal cell-conditioned media on measures of lung structure and function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies
Creators: name: Moreira, Alvaro
name: Rija Naqvi
name: Hall, Kristen
name: Chimobi Emukah
name: Martinez, John
name: Moreira, Axel
name: Dittmar, Evan
name: Zoretic, Sarah
name: Evans, Mary
name: Delanie Moses
name: Shamimunisa Mustafa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 7: Figure S7. Effect size of CdM vs. MSC on pulmonary pressures. Forest plots demonstrate SMD with 95% confidence interval.
Macrobrachium lepidactyloides
Creators: name: Shokita, Yixiong Cai Shigemitsu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2006
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Palaemonidae
Macrobrachium
Macrobrachium lepidactyloides

description: Macrobrachium lepidactyloides (De Man, 1892)
 Palaemon (Macrobrachium) lepidactyloides De Man, 1892: 497, pl. 29: fig. 51 [type locality: “ Raka-mbaha, W. Flores”, Indonesia].
 Palaemon lepidactylus – Cowles, 1914: 389, pl. 3: fig. 9 [not Palaemon lepidactylus Hilgendorf, 1879].
 Macrobrachium hirtimanus – Holthuis, 1950: 245 (part), fig. 51a; Hwang & Yu, 1982: 163, fig. 5; Shy & Yu, 1998: 29.
 Macrobrachium lepidactyloides - Holthuis, 1952: 210, pl. 15: fig 2; Chace & Bruce, 1993: 32; Cai & Anker, 2004: 259.
  Material examined. –  1 male, cl 12 mm, 3 females, cl 12-12.5 mm, UR, Tag Bariri, Palawan, Island, Philippines, 9 Aug.1985; 4 males, cl 12.5-15 mm, 1 female, cl 15.0 mm, UR, Panitian River, upper stream, ca 30 km from river mouth, Palawan Island, Philippines, 6 Aug.1985; 1 male, cl 12 mm, UR, Sewaragan River, San Joaquin, Panay Island, Philippines, 19 Aug.1985; 2 males, cl 13-17 mm, Panibacan River, Palawan Island, Philippines, 6 Aug.1985. 3 females, cl 10.0-15.0 mm, UR, Mabuhay River, Mindanao Island, Philippines, 25 Jul.1985; 6 males, cl 14-18 mm, 7 females, cl 11-13 mm, 18 ovig. females, cl 11.5-18 mm, UR, Iraan River, Philippines, 5 Aug.1985; 2 males, cl 22.5-26.0 mm, Agan River, Mindoro Island, Philippines, 14 Aug.1985.
  Remarks. –  Chace & Bruce (1993: 32) commented that “... two males from the Zamboanga River in which the major second cheliped is intact have the palm less broad than it is in typical specimens of the species, much as in M. placidum, suggesting the possibility that M. lepidactyloides and M. placidum may eventually prove to be indistinguishable.” Our specimens, however, are all having a much broad and more inflated palm than that of M. placidum. M. lepidactyloides has previously been reported from Luzon (Cowles, 1914) and Mindanao (Chace & Bruce, 1993), Philippines.
 Distribution. – Indonesia, Philippines and Taiwan.
description: Published as part of Shokita, Yixiong Cai Shigemitsu, 2006, Report On A Collection Of Freshwater Shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) From The Philippines, With Descriptions Of Four New Species, pp. 245-270 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 54 (2) on pages 264-265, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13245522
Macrobrachium nipponense
Creators: name: Shokita, Yixiong Cai Shigemitsu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2006
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Palaemonidae
Macrobrachium
Macrobrachium nipponense

description: Macrobrachium nipponense (De Haan, 1849)
 Palemon nipponensis De Haan, 1849:171 [type locality: Japan].
 Macrobrachium nipponense – Holthuis, 1950: 172; Liu, 1955: 56, Pl. 19 Fig. 2; Dang & Nguyen, 1972: 1; Kim, 1976: 141; Dang, 1980: 394, Fig. 225; Chong et al., 1987: 313, Fig. 1, c, d; Liu et al., 1990: 111, Fig. 9 (part); Shy & Yu, 1998: 41, Fig. 16; Cai & Dai, 1999: 220; Cai & Ng, 2002: 78.
  Material examined. –  17 males, cl 9.5-19.0 mm, UR, Buhi Lake, Philippines, coll. Myapa, 19 Aug.1985; 6 males, cl 10.5-19.5 mm, 3 females, cl 12-16.0 mm, 4 ovig. females, cl 12-14.5 mm, UR, Binahugan River, Buhi, Camarines Sur, southern Luzon, Philippines, 19 Aug.1985.
  Remarks. –  Macrobrachium nipponense is commonly found in various kinds of inland water bodies in main islands of Japan, Korea, mainland China, Taiwan, Vietnam (Cai & Dai, 1999), Myanmar (Cai & Ng, 2002) and have been introduced to Singapore (Chong et al., 1987). The present specimens were found in the lake of Buhi, Camarines Sur of southern Luzon. The occurrence of M. nipponense in Philippines could be a result of introduction. Macrobrachium nipponense has not been recorded before although it is very different from other Philippine species in the form of rostrum, which is long and straight, reaching to or beyond the end of scaphocerite, the long and slender second pereiopods, with a carpus as long as or slightly shorter than chela and the presence of dense setae on the cutting edges of fingers. This is a new record for the Philippines.
 Distribution. – Japan, Korea, mainland China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Myanmar and has been introduced to Singapore and Philippines.
description: Published as part of Shokita, Yixiong Cai Shigemitsu, 2006, Report On A Collection Of Freshwater Shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) From The Philippines, With Descriptions Of Four New Species, pp. 245-270 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 54 (2) on page 265, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13245522
Macrobrachium equidens
Creators: name: Shokita, Yixiong Cai Shigemitsu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2006
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Palaemonidae
Macrobrachium
Macrobrachium equidens

description: Macrobrachium equidens (Dana, 1852)
 Palaemon equidens Dana, 1852: 26 [type locality: Singapore]. Palaemon sundaicus – Cowles, 1914: 355, Pl. 2 Fig. 3.
 Macrobrachium equidens – Holthuis, 1950:162, Fig. 36; 1980: 90; Liu et al., 1990: 110, Fig. 8; Chace & Bruce, 1993: 25, Fig. 4; Yeo et al., 1999: 226; Cai, Naiyanetr & Ng, 2004: 389; Cai & Anker, 2004: 258.
 Material examined. – 3 females, cl 18-23 mm, UR, Iloilo city market Panay Island, Philippines; 19 Aug. 1985; 1 female, cl 14.5 mm, 1 ovig. female, 16.0 mm, UR, Sewaragan River, San Joaquin, Panay Island, Philippines, 19 Aug.1985; 1 ovig. female, cl 14.0 mm, UR, Bororo River, Luzon Island, Philippines, 16 Jul.1985; 2 females, cl 6.2-7.9 mm, Villaflor River, Mindoro Island, Philippines, 15 Aug.1985; 1 male, cl 15 mm, 1 female, cl 10.0 mm, UR, brakish water in a cave near mangrove, Bahile River, Palawan Island, Philippines, 9 Aug.1985; 1 female, cl 12 mm, UR, San Francisco River, Surigao Del Nork, Mindanao Island, Philippines, 25 Jul.1985; 3 ovig. females, cl 7.5-8.4 mm, UR, Naguilian River, Luzon, Philippines, 14 Jul.1985.
  Remarks. – Marcobrachium equidens  is a brackish water species, with smaller specimens being commonly found in mangrove creeks. It is known from a very wide area in the Indo-West Pacific, from Madagascar to the Solomon Islands.
 Distribution. – Indo-West Pacific.
description: Published as part of Shokita, Yixiong Cai Shigemitsu, 2006, Report On A Collection Of Freshwater Shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) From The Philippines, With Descriptions Of Four New Species, pp. 245-270 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 54 (2) on page 265, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13245522
Additional file 1 of Nanocomposites-based targeted oral drug delivery systems with infliximab in a murine colitis model
Creators: name: Kim, Jung Min
name: Kim, Da Hye
name: Park, Hyo Jeong
name: Ma, Hyun Woo
name: I Seul Park
name: Mijeong Son
name: Ro, So Youn
name: Seokmann Hong
name: Han, Hyo Kyung
name: Lim, Soo Jeong
name: Kim, Seung Won
name: Cheon, Jae Hee
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1.
Macrobrachium mammillodactylus
Creators: name: Shokita, Yixiong Cai Shigemitsu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2006
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Palaemonidae
Macrobrachium
Macrobrachium mammillodactylus

description: Macrobrachium mammillodactylus (Thallwitz, 1892)
 Palaemon idae var. mammillodactylus Thallwitz, 1892: 15 [type locality: Luzon, Philippines, or northern Celebes].
 Palaemon (Eupalaemon) Wolterstorffi Nobili, 1900: 1 [type locality: Surabaja, eastern Java].
 Palaemon philippinensis Cowles, 1914: 340, Pl. 2 Fig. 2 [type locality: San Juan and Pasig river, near Manila, Philippines].
 Macrobrachium mammillodactylus - Holthuis, 1950: 148, Fig. 34; Liu, Liang & Yan, 1990: 109, Fig. 7; Shy & Yu, 1998: 40.
  Material examined. –  3 males, cl 31-40 mm, 2 females, cl 14.5- 16.5 mm, 5 ovig. females, cl 18-26 mm, NSMT, Philippines, coll. M. Takeda, 1985; 1 male, cl 19.5 mm, UR, Panibacan River, Palawan Island, Philippines, 6 Aug.1985.
  Remarks. –  Macrobrachium mammillodactylus is characterized by the long second pereiopod and the presence of a series of 8-10 tubercles along inner side of the cutting edges. This character, however, only appears at large size male specimens. Cowles (1914) described a new species, Palaemon philippinensis. It was, however, been synonymized with M. mammillodactylus by Holthuis (1950).
 Distribution. – Indonesia, Philippines, southern China and Taiwan.
description: Published as part of Shokita, Yixiong Cai Shigemitsu, 2006, Report On A Collection Of Freshwater Shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) From The Philippines, With Descriptions Of Four New Species, pp. 245-270 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 54 (2) on page 265, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13245522
title: A new Approach for GNSS Analysis in a Multi-GNSS and Multi-Signal Environment
Creators: name: Schönemann, Erik
name: Becker, Matthias
name: Springer, Tim
Publisher: name: Versita
Year: 2025

description: Over the coming years GPS and GLONASS will be modernised, whilst at the same time new systems like QZSS, Galileo, and Compass are launched. The modernisations of the existing and the deployment of new Global Naviagation Satellite Systems (GNSS) will make a whole range of new signals available to the users.

The anticipated improvements will strongly depend on our understanding and handling of the biases that will inevitably exist between the different systems and signals. Furthermore the extremely high stability of the future satellite clocks means, that any form of differencing observations to cancel out the satellite clock offsets, effectively leads to a very significant loss of information.

The fundamentally new aspect of our approach for GNSS analysis in a multi-GNSS and multi-signal environment is that it avoids the formation of differences as well as of linear combinations. Thus all available observations from all GNSS systems as observed by all the receivers in a network are incorporated in the parameter estimation. The fact that all observations are analysed without any pre-selection of observation types, needed for linear combinations or observation differences, leads to an enormous simplification of the processing.