cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Capital Accumulation, State Intervention and Privatisation
Creators: name: Syn, Tan Wooi
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Managerial economics

description: This paper covers how the state can play a part in privatisation by ensuring that resources are allocated efficiently, not just to the best candidates but also to the most productive sectors. That is to say, privatisation can be undertaken as part of a state's development strategy and can be an important part of a development process.
title: Women's Mobilization for War (Newfoundland)
title: Women's Mobilization for War (Newfoundland)
Creators: name: Bishop Stirling, Terry
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Frau
subject: o.P. Newfoundland [Insel]
subject: o.P. World War, 1914-1918
subject: Women in war
subject: Newfoundland, Island of (N.L.)

description: During the First World War, Newfoundland women provided comforts and nursing services for servicemen. These contributions did not challenge gender norms. However, women’s contribution to the war effort raised appreciation for their traditional skills, strengthening the suffrage movement and leading to an expansion of women’s voluntary community work in the interwar period.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
ICMP Traceback Messages
Creators: name: Bellovin, Steven Michael
name: Leech, Marcus
name: Taylor, Tom
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Computer science

description: It is often useful to learn the path that packets take through the Internet, especially when dealing with certain denial-of-service attacks. We propose a new ICMP message, emitted randomly by routers along the path and sent randomly to the destination (to provide useful information to the attacked party) or to the origin (to provide information to decipher reflector attacks).
Using NOMAD Base Sections: A Pulsed Laser Deposition Use-Case
Creators: name: Näsström, Hampus
name: Maltitz, Jeremy
name: Albino, Andrea
name: Márquez, José A.
name: Brückner, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: In this poster we present basic data structures of the NOMAD (NOvel MAterials Discovery) Lab, the so called base sections. We explain the three levels of schema, (1) the built in definitions in NOMAD, (2) the general application base sections, and (3) the user specific data schemas. The implementation of theses three levels are illustrated by the use case of Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) at the Leibniz-Institut für Kristallzüchtung (IKZ).
Dynamical screening in strongly correlated metal SrVO3
Creators: name: Huang, Li
name: Wang, Yilin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The consequences of dynamical screening of Coulomb interaction among correlated electrons in realistic materials have not been widely considered before. In this letter we try to incorporate a frequency dependent Coulomb interaction into the state-of-the-art ab initio electronic structure computing framework of local density approximation plus dynamical mean-field theory, and then choose SrVO3 as a prototype material to demonstrate the importance of dynamical screening effect. It is shown to renormalise the spectral weight near the Fermi level, to increase the effective mass, and to suppress the t2g quasiparticle band width apparently. The calculated results are in accordance with very recent angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy experiments and Bose factor ansatz calculations.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1107.3123
The Application of the Reference Finite Helical Axis for Characterizing Knee Joint Kinematics
Creators: name: Bugajski, Tomasz
Publisher: name: Schulich School of Engineering
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Finite Helical Axis
subject: Aging
subject: Knee Injury
subject: Kinematics
subject: Knee
subject: Osteoarthritis
subject: Highspeed Biplanar Videoradiography
subject: Education--Health
subject: Education--Sciences
subject: Engineering--Biomedical

description: Altered knee kinematics are an important biomechanical marker for the development of tibiofemoral osteoarthritis (OA). They are associated with altered cartilage contact areas, resulting in forces acting on unadapted cartilage that may degrade over time. The conventional approach to quantify knee kinematics is with Cardan angles, but the uncommon helical axis (HA) approach may provide supplementary information. However, the HA is susceptible to stochastic errors when angular displacements are small. To alleviate this error, a reference position may be used that permits larger angular displacements. However, more assessments are required to determine the utility of this reference finite helical axis (rFHA) method to provide biomechanical markers of tibiofemoral OA. The purpose of this thesis was to technically evaluate the rFHA and demonstrate its ability to distinguish knee kinematics of high tibiofemoral OA risk individuals. Technical evaluations consisted of 1) determining the effect of different smoothing techniques on rFHA accuracy, 2) assessing the sensitivity of the rFHA to reference position misalignments, and 3) comparing rFHA measures between an optical motion camera system (OMCS) and highspeed biplanar videoradiography system (HSBV). The utility of the rFHA was demonstrated by applying it to high tibiofemoral OA risk populations, specifically anterior cruciate ligament repaired (ACLR) knees and older knees. A spline filter with outlier removal process was the top performing smoothing technique for rFHA accuracy, providing a 72.2-80.1% improvement in rotational speed differences. Substantial differences of the rFHA measures were determined with misaligned reference positions, ranging from 1.17-19.53 mm and 0.77-5.45 deg. rFHA measure differences were also found between the OMCS and HSBV, ranging from 10.19-58.03 mm and 3.39-13.63 deg. Finally, kinematic trends were found in ACLR knees during a vertical drop jump, showing greater magnitudes of rFHA dispersion and helical internal rotation than healthy knees (dispersion: 0.46 deg; helical internal rotation: 2.18 deg). Additionally, significantly different rFHA path lengths were found between older and younger asymptomatic knees during walking (10.60 mm, p = 0.01). These findings demonstrate the utility of the rFHA in biomechanics, providing a supplementary method of characterizing knee kinematics and distinguishing the movement patterns of healthy individuals from tibiofemoral OA prone individuals.
title: Serbia
title: Serbia
Creators: name: Bjelajac, Mile
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: o.P. Serbien
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: o.P. World War, 1914-1918--Serbia

description: A short synthesis on Serbia's role and experience in the Great War encompasses several questions that still provoke controversies and offer many carefully reexamined data on issues such as war efforts in general, war casualties, war financing, refugees and prisoners of war. This account refers in brief to war aims, the occupation regime in Serbia (1916-1918) and lesser-known uprisings. The article also puts emphasis on the military and political impacts of the September offensive from the Salonika front in 1918. However, the core question the author reassesses deals with the background of the Sarajevo assassination on 28 June 1914. The assassination and its executors are viewed in a broader framework of Austro-Hungarian Balkan policy and Serbian politics of the time.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Neoseiulus paspalivorus
Creators: name: Farazmand, Azadeh
name: Jalaeian, Mahdi
name: Kamali, Hashem
name: Saboori, Alireza
name: Tixier, MarieStéphane
name: Kreiter, Serge
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Mesostigmata
Phytoseiidae
Neoseiulus
Neoseiulus paspalivorus

description: Neoseiulus paspalivorus (De Leon, 1957)
 Typhlodromus paspalivorus De Leon, 1957: 143.
 Typhlodromus (Amblyseius) paspalivorus, Chant 1959: 79.
 Amblyseius paspalivorus, Schicha 1981: 210.
 Cydnodromus paspalivorus, Muma 1961: 290.
 Amblyseius (Neoseiulus) paspalivorus, Ghai & Gupta 1984: 173.
 Neoseiulus paspalivorus, Muma and Denmark 1970: 110; Moraes et al. 1986: 92, 2000: 248; Chant & McMurtry 2003: 27, 2007; 29.
 Specimens examined – one ♀. Sistan and Baluchestan Province – one ♀, Mirjaveh city (1562 m aasl, 61° 14′ 01′′ E, 28° 47′ 03ʺ N), on Rosa damascena Miller (Rosaceae), 9.II.2019.
 World distribution – Benin, Brazil, Cuba, Ghana, Guadeloupe Island, India, Iran, Jamaica, Oman, Philippines, La Réunion Island, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Tunisia, USA. Precise distribution in Iran is documented in Kazemi et al. (2022).
 Remarks – This species was already recorded from Iran but is a new record for Sistan and Baluchestan Province. The measurements of specimens collected agree well with those given by Moraes et al. (2000) for specimens from Carabbean Islands, by Famah-Sourassou et al. (2011) for specimens from Benin, Brazil and Ghana, with Kreiter et al. (2020b) for specimens from La Réunion and above all with redescription by Ostovan el al. (2012) based on an Iranian specimen.
description: Published as part of Farazmand, Azadeh, Jalaeian, Mahdi, Kamali, Hashem, Saboori, Alireza, Tixier, MarieStéphane & Kreiter, Serge, 2023, Phytoseiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) in four provinces of Iran, pp. 21-58 in Persian Journal of Acarology 12 (1) on page 29, DOI: 10.22073/pja.v12i1.77425, http://zenodo.org/record/10268303
Privatization's Distributional Impact in Malaysia
Creators: name: Jomo, K. S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Managerial economics
Economics

description: This paper reviews the Malaysian privatization policy as well as what has happened in Malaysia in the name of privatization, even though some such developments may not be considered as privatization in the strict sense of the term. Particular emphasis is placed on the likely distributional consequences of Malaysian privatization.
Thermally driven ballistic rectifer
Creators: name: Matthews, Jason
name: Sánchez, David
name: Larsson, Marcus
name: Linke, Heiner
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The response of electric devices to an applied thermal gradient has, so far, been studied almost exclusively in two-terminal devices. Here we present measurements of the response to a thermal bias of a four-terminal, quasi-ballistic junction with a central scattering site. We find a novel transverse thermovoltage measured across isothermal contacts. Using a multi-terminal scattering model extended to the weakly non-linear voltage regime, we show that the device's response to a thermal bias can be predicted from its nonlinear response to an electric bias. Our approach forms a foundation for the discovery and understanding of advanced, nonlocal, thermoelectric phenomena that in the future may lead to novel thermoelectric device concepts.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures; minor to moderate clarifications and simplifications in v3
title: Art (Australia)
title: Art (Australia)
Creators: name: Hutchison, Margaret
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: o.P. Australien
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Kunst
subject: o.P. World War, 1914-1918--Art and the war
subject: Australia

description: Artistic responses to Australia’s war effort were diverse and engaging. Soldiers sketching what they experienced of the 1915 Gallipoli campaign produced some of the earliest images of the conflict. During the war, the first official art scheme was established and employed Australian artists to capture a particularly Australian experience of the fighting. Unofficial responses, primarily created by women artists, offset the narrow official representation of the conflict, including the war experience behind the lines. However, it was during the interwar years that many of the most iconic images of Australia’s war experience were created.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Exchange Rate Policy and Development
Creators: name: Williamson, John
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Managerial economics

description: This paper describes the Nominal Anchor Approach, the Real Targets Approach, and the Exchange Stability Approach to the formulation of exchange-rate policy, as presented by Max Corden. It argues that these approaches need to be supplemented by a fourth approach, which it terms the Development Strategy Approach, to represent the thought especially of Bela Balassa. The Development Strategy Approach regards choice of the exchange rate as a key strategic element in whether an economy will grow or stagnate. A growth strategy requires an exchange rate sufficiently competitive to motivate entrepreneurs to invest with the objective of going out and selling non-traditional exports on the world market. But it is silly to conclude from this, as some supporters of China's policies have done, that a more competitive exchange rate is always better for growth, and that currency revaluation is necessarily bad for growth. While the incentive to invest will necessarily be greater with a more competitive exchange rate, the ability to invest may be curtailed by a shortage of investible resources as real resources are diverted into a current account surplus and low-yielding reserve accumulation. Growth is maximized where the increased incentive to invest (demand side) is just balanced by the decreased ability to invest (supply side). The paper constructs a formal model to illustrate this trade-off. It also discusses the range of instruments that may help a government to limit the capital inflows that might otherwise threaten to produce an overvalued currency in good times, and it discusses the problem of inconsistent payments objectives that could arise in a world such as that portrayed.
Understanding China's Economic Performance
Creators: name: Sachs, Jeffrey D.
name: Woo, Wing Thye
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1997
Subjects: Managerial economics
Economics
Asians

description: Broadly speaking, two schools of thought have emerged to interpret China's rapid growth since 1978: the experimentalist school and the convergence school. The experimentalist school attributes China's successes to the evolutionary, experimental, and incremental nature of China's reforms. Specifically, the resulting non-capitalist institutions are claimed to be successful in (a) agriculture where land is not owned by the farmers; (b) township and village enterprises (TVEs) which are owned collectively by rural communities; and (c) state owned enterprises (SOEs) where increased competition and increased wage incentive, but not privatization, have been emphasized. The convergence school holds that China's successes are the consequences of its institutions being allowed to converge with those of non-socialist market economies, and that China's economic structure at the start of reforms is a major explanation for the rapid growth. China had a high population density heavily concentrated in low-wage agriculture, a condition that was favorable for labor-intensive export-led growth in other parts of East Asia. The convergence school also holds that China's gradualism results primarily from a lack of consensus over the proper course, with power still divided between market reformers and old-style socialists; and that the "innovative" non-capitalist institutions are responses to China's political circumstances and not to its economic circumstances. Perhaps the best test of the two approaches is whether China's policy choices are in fact leading to institutions harmonized with normal market economies or to more distinctive innovations. In this regard, the recent policy trend has been towards institutional harmonization rather than institutional innovation, suggesting that the government accepts that the ingredients for a dynamic market economy are already well-known.
Additional file 1: of Development and validation of a prognostic model to predict the prognosis of patients who underwent chemotherapy and resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a large international population-based cohort study
Creators: name: Huang, Lei
name: Balavarca, Yesilda
name: van der Geest, Lydia
name: Lemmens, Valery
name: Van Eycken, Liesbet
name: De Schutter, Harlinde
name: Johannesen, Tom
name: Zadnik, Vesna
name: Primic-Ĺ˝akelj, Maja
name: MĂ¤gi, Margit
name: GrĂźtzmann, Robert
name: Besselink, Marc
name: Schrotz-King, Petra
name: Brenner, Hermann
name: Jansen, Lina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Table S1. Selection of contacted national population-based cancer registries in Europe. Table S2. General information on participating population-based registries. Table S3. Inclusion and exclusion codes according to International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, Third Edition. Table S4. Comparison of the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center nomogram with the nomogram established in this study for survival in resected pancreatic cancer for Western patient. (DOCX 33 kb)
Supersymmetric Proof of the Hirzebruch-Riemann-Roch Theorem for Non-Kähler Manifolds
Creators: name: Smilga, Andrei V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the proof of the HRR theorem for a generic complex compact manifold by evaluating the functional integral for the Witten index of the appropriate supersymmetric quantum mechanical system.
Economic Convergence and Economic Policies
Creators: name: Sachs, Jeffrey D.
name: Warner, Andrew M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1995
Subjects: Managerial economics
Economics

description: Many of the crucial debates in development economics are encapsulated in the question of economic convergence. Is there a tendency for the poorer countries to grow more rapidly than the richer countries, and thereby to converge in living standards? Some recent research on endogenous growth has emphasized increasing returns as a possible reason not to expect convergence. Other research has suggested that convergence may be achieved only after poor countries attain a threshold level of income or human capital. This paper presents evidence that a sufficient condition for higher-than-average growth of poorer countries, and therefore convergence, is that poorer countries follow reasonably efficient economic policies, mainly open trade and protection of private property rights.
Anton Grabner-Haider/ Peter Strasser (Hrsg.), Hitlers mythische Religion. Theologische Denklinien und NS-Ideologie; Rainer Bucher, Hitlers Theologie
Creators: name: Bärsch, Claus-Ekkehard
Publisher: name: theologie.geschichte
Year: 2012

description: theologie.geschichte, Bd. 3 (2008)
title: Press/Journalism (East Central Europe)
title: Press/Journalism (East Central Europe)
Creators: name: Brudek, Paweł
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: o.P. Osteuropa
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Presse
subject: Journalismus
subject: o.P. World War, 1914-1918
subject: Europe, Eastern
subject: Press
subject: Journalism

description: The situation of the press in East Central Europe worsened after the outbreak of the First World War. There was a temporary growth in readership as a result of a desire for information. This did not, however, improve the financial situation for the press. The press could not avoid the effects of war migration, its readers’ poverty, the growing costs of printing, or the return of censorship. The newspapers were cut off from their correspondents at the front, and journalists without other sources of information had to rely on propaganda. The German authorities limited the freedom of the press in the Polish Kingdom and liquidated the national press in Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia. In Finland the national press played a major role during the Russian Revolution.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Sizes and surface brightness profiles of quiescent galaxies at z ~ 2
Creators: name: Szomoru, Daniel
name: Franx, Marijn
name: van Dokkum, Pieter G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use deep Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 near-infrared imaging obtained of the GOODS-South field as part of the CANDELS survey to investigate a stellar mass-limited sample of quiescent galaxies at 1.5 < z < 2.5. We measure surface brightness profiles for these galaxies using a method that properly measures low surface brightness flux at large radii. We find that quiescent galaxies at z ~ 2 very closely follow Sersic profiles, with n_{median} = 3.7, and have no excess flux at large radii. Their effective radii are a factor ~ 4 smaller than those of low-redshift quiescent galaxies of similar mass. However, there is significant spread in sizes (sigma_{log r_e} = 0.24), with the largest z ~ 2 galaxies lying close to the z = 0 mass-size relation. We compare the stellar mass surface density profiles with those of massive elliptical galaxies in the Virgo cluster and confirm that most of the mass-growth which occurs between z ~ 2 and z = 0 must be due to accretion of material onto the outer regions of the galaxies. Additionally, we investigate the evolution in the size distribution of massive quiescent galaxies. We find that the minimum size growth required for z ~ 2 quiescent galaxies to fall within the z = 0 size distribution is a factor ~ 2 smaller than the total median size growth between z ~ 2 and z = 0.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ
title: Labour Movements and Strikes (East Central Europe)
title: Labour Movements and Strikes (East Central Europe)
Creators: name: Brudek, Paweł
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Arbeiterbewegung
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: o.P. Osteuropa
subject: o.P. World War, 1914-1918
subject: Europe, Eastern
subject: Labor movement

description: During the First World War, revolutionary changes occurred in the labour movement in East Central Europe. The total mobilisation of resources by the warring powers and the economic crisis increased the need for working power. The severe blow to the local economy and the evacuation of factories resulted in a huge crisis. Mass unemployment in the years 1915 to 1917 forced workers in the region to conduct economic strikes. The Russian Revolution raised the question of workers’ participation in the future semi-independent states within the Russian Federation. In 1918, labourers in Finland, Estonia and Latvia had to choose their stance towards Bolshevik Russia. In Finland, some of the workers, in close alignment with the Bolsheviks, saw the chance to modernise their country. Bolshevik influences caused the outbreak of the civil war, in which the workers fought against each other.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Transport inefficiency in branched-out mesoscopic networks: An analog of the Braess paradox
Creators: name: Pala, M. G.
name: Baltazar, S.
name: Liu, P.
name: Sellier, H.
name: Hackens, B.
name: Martins, F.
name: Bayot, V.
name: Wallart, X.
name: Desplanque, L.
name: Huant, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present evidence for a counter-intuitive behavior of semiconductor mesoscopic networks that is the analog of the Braess paradox encountered in classical networks. A numerical simulation of quantum transport in a two-branch mesoscopic network reveals that adding a third branch can paradoxically induce transport inefficiency that manifests itself in a sizable conductance drop of the network. A scanning-probe experiment using a biased tip to modulate the transmission of one branch in the network reveals the occurrence of this paradox by mapping the conductance variation as a function of the tip voltage and position.
description: 2nd version with minor stylistic corrections. To appear in Phys. Rev. Lett.: Editorially approved for publication 6 January 2012
title: Historiography 1918-Today (France)
title: Historiography 1918-Today (France)
Creators: name: Tison, Stéphane
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: o.P. Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Frankreich
subject: Geschichtsschreibung
subject: o.P. World War, 1914-1918
subject: Historiography
subject: France

description: The history of the Great War has always been written by an array of actors, including academics who were nonetheless a minority prior to the 1960s. The existing scientific historiography is based on the work of successive generations of historians long influenced by the legacy of Pierre Renouvin, one of the pillars of contemporary history. In France, where history underpins the relationship that citizens have with the state and traces of the war remained visible in the landscape and society throughout the 20th century, the historiography has evolved alongside commemorative jubilees. Three main approaches have succeeded each other over the course of a century.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Keynote Address: Economies in Transition: Some Aspects of Environmental Policy
Creators: name: Sachs, Jeffrey D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1995
Subjects: Managerial economics
Economics
East Europeans

description: It is such an honor for me to follow in this program such esteemed individuals and close friends. And I am also quite thrilled to be here, in a literal sense, if you would appreciate that in the last 18 hours it's been a 12,000 mile journey to get here on time. When one leaves an afternoon talk in Seoul, stops in Singapore, Bombay, Zurich, and Prague and arrives within a few moments of schedule, I think one can say that some systems in the world are working well. The amazing fact that one can reliably give an afternoon talk in Seoul and a breakfast talk in Prague gives one pause in another way: as fast as economists move, world capital moves even faster; it's just the press of a button. Not only can one shuttle between Seoul and Prague, but Korea and the Czech Republic compete directly for international capital and for markets. When we consider our policy choices and the issues of the day, we have to put them as clearly as possible within the realistic framework of today's world markets and today's possibilities for nations to both grow and improve the environment. And it is in that context that I would like to turn to a specific although very broad part of the current policy agenda: not the question of global cooperation, but the more specific set of issues involved in the transition economies of this region.
The External Debt Problem in Central America: Honduras, Nicaragua, and the HIPC Initiative
Creators: name: Esquivel, Gerardo
name: Larraín B., Felipe
name: Sachs, Jeffrey D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1998
Subjects: Managerial economics
Finance
Economics
Latin Americans

description: This paper reviews the foreign debt burden in Central America with special emphasis on Honduras and Nicaragua, which have a large debt overhang. Several indicators suggest that this foreign debt seriously impedes economic growth in both nations. Honduras and Nicaragua, the poorest countries of Central America, have lagged behind the rest of the region in growth, resulting in an increase in regional income inequality during the 1990s. Analysis suggests that Honduras and Nicaragua require alleviation of their foreign debt as a prerequisite to sustained growth. This paper also evaluates the prospects of these countries to qualify for the new initiative aimed at reducing the debt burden of the highly indebted poor countries (the so-called HIPC Initiative). It concludes that Honduras and Nicaragua have favorable prospects of qualifying for the HIPC Initiative. In general, both countries meet the eligibility criteria. Honduras and Nicaragua face a higher foreign debt burden than three countries that have already qualified for HIPC treatment. The main obstacle, however, is demonstrating successful macroeconomic performance under the supervision of the IMF. The paper ends with a discussion of the strategy that these countries should follow in order to achieve maximum debt relief.
Achieving Rapid Growth in the Transition Economies of Central Europe
Creators: name: Sachs, Jeffrey D.
name: Warner, Andrew M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1996
Subjects: Managerial economics
Economics
East Europeans

description: The preeminent economic challenge for Central European economies in transition is to grow rapidly for a sustained period of time. On current policies, the Central European economies can expect to grow at moderate rates, faster than Western Europe, but far short of the rapid growth rates achieved in the very fast growing economies (VFGEs) in Asia and elsewhere. This paper discusses the sources of rapid growth in the VFGEs, and the ways in which Central Europe could emulate key aspects of the economic policies of the VFGEs in order to raise the growth rates of the Central European economies.
Cultural Competency and Identity: Exploring the Role and Impact of Cultural Competency Education on Personal and Professional Identity Among Undergraduate Nursing and Medical Students
Creators: name: Antepim, Benedicta
Publisher: name: Werklund School of Education
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medical Education
subject: Nursing Education
subject: Cultural Competency
subject: Personal Identity
subject: Practice Intentions
subject: Education--Adult and Continuing

description: There has been an effort by both healthcare and educational institutions over the last several decades to train students and professionals in cultural competency. Previous research assessing these interventions have found that many programs do result in a moderate or significant increase in measures of cultural competency. These studies tend to evaluate outcomes through assessing factors such as cultural knowledge, attitude, and skills, with very few additions to the literature that expand or refocus assessment to understand the meaning and impact of this education on learners. This research aimed to explore the role and impact of cultural competencies on personal identity, professional identity, and future practice. Using qualitative description as the driving methodology, nine senior undergraduate medical and nursing students participated in semi-structured interviews. The interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings demonstrated that personal identity and lived experiences are motivating factors for students to engage in cultural competency. The impact of utilizing multiple learning contexts in developing cultural competencies was also a significant finding. From these findings emerged three key themes: the impact of lived experience, the role of stories and storytelling in cultural competency education, and how personal agency drives engagement in cultural competency. Educators and faculty leaders should strive to include learner and community voices in course development, standardize relevant clinical experience and prioritize cultural competency education within the curriculum.
Natural Resource Abundance and Economic Growth
Creators: name: Sachs, Jeffrey D.
name: Warner, Andrew M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1995
Subjects: Managerial economics
Economics

description: One of the surprising features of modern economic growth is that economies with abundant natural resources have tended to grow less rapidly than natural-resource-scarce economies. In this paper we show that economies with a high ratio of natural resource exports to GDP in 1971 (the base year) tended have low growth rates during the subsequent period 1971-89. This negative relationship holds true even after controlling for variables found to be important for economic growth, such as initial per capita income, trade policy, government efficiency, investment rates, and other variables. We explore the possible pathways for this negative relationship by studying the cross-country effects of resource endowments on trade policy, bureaucratic efficiency, and other determinants of growth. We also provide a simple theoretical model of endogenous growth that might help to explain the observed negative relationship.
title: Propaganda (China)
title: Propaganda (China)
Creators: name: Steen, Andreas
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: o.P. China
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Propaganda
subject: o.P. World War, 1914-1918--Propaganda
subject: China

description: After China had declared its neutrality in the European conflict, the foreign powers quickly employed an increasing variety of propaganda forms to influence public opinion in China. Until 1917, and due to the imperialist power relations in China, messages of Sino-German friendship were successfully competing with British anti-German propaganda. The situation changed in 1917, when America and China joined the Allies against Germany and US President Woodrow Wilson’s vision of a post-war reconstruction was promoted throughout China.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
International Trade and Wage Inequality in the United States: Some New Results
Creators: name: Sachs, Jeffrey D.
name: Shatz, Howard J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1996
Subjects: Biology
Commerce

description: This paper shows that theory and evidence are more supportive of the link between increasing trade with developing countries and increasing U.S. wage inequality than recent criticisms have led many to believe. Much of the current debate focuses on the idea that relative goods prices must change for relative wages to change. The paper first demonstrates several additional channels through which an expansion of North-South trade causes a fall in the relative wage of unskilled workers in the North, even when there are no changes in relative output prices. It then explores the wage implications of a counterfactual in which U.S. trade with developing countries in 1990 remains the same as that in 1978. Changes in trade with developing countries are shown to have widened wages between low-skilled and high-skilled workers by 3.4 to 5.4 percent. Finally, it investigates changing relative prices and finds strong evidence that, in fact, from 1978 to 1995, value added and output prices in unskilled-intensive manufacturing sectors fell considerably relative to prices in skill-intensive manufacturing sectors.
Topological Structure of Fractal Squares
Creators: name: Lau, Ka-Sing
name: Luo, Jun Jason
name: Rao, Hui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Given an integer $n\geq 2$ and a digit set ${\mathcal D}\subsetneq {0,1,...,n-1}^2$, there is a self-similar set $F \subset {\Bbb R}^2$ satisfying the set equation: $F=(F+{\mathcal D})/n$. We call such $F$ a fractal square. By studying a periodic extension $H= F+ {\mathbb Z}^2$, we classify $F$ into three types according to their topological properties. We also provide some simple criteria for such classification.
description: 17 pages, 12 figures
EU Membership for Central Europe: Commitments, Speed, and Conditionality
Creators: name: Crombrugghe, Alain De
name: Minton-Beddoes, Zanny
name: Sachs, Jeffrey D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1996
Subjects: Managerial economics
Economics
East Europeans

description: This paper gives a motivation and a method for a fast integration of the reforming countries of central Europe into the European Union. The motivation is based on the idea of self-fulfilling prophecies where the expectation of the entry can trigger the coordination of expectations towards a fast-growth, catch-up equilibrium, and help central Europe avoid the stagnation equilibrium. The method is a target data which enhances the credibility of the integration and a set of conditions and modalities which stimulates the reforms in the applicant countries and ensures that they will contribute to its development.
Supplementary document for Enhanced performances of photonic reservoir computing using a semiconductor laser with random distributed optical feedback - 6707751.pdf
Creators: name: Cai, DeYu
name: HUANG, YU
name: Yang, Yigong
name: Zhou, Pei
name: Li, Nianqiang
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplement 1
Fermi Surface Reconstruction by Dynamic Magnetic Fluctuations
Creators: name: Holt, Michael
name: Oitmaa, Jaan
name: Chen, Wei
name: Sushkov, Oleg P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that nearly critical quantum magnetic fluctuations in strongly correlated electron systems can change the Fermi surface topology and also lead to spin charge separation (SCS) in two dimensions. To demonstrate these effects we consider a small number of holes injected into the bilayer antiferromagnet. The system has a quantum critical point (QCP) which separates magnetically ordered and disordered phases. We demonstrate that in the physically interesting regime there is a magnetically driven Lifshitz point (LP) inside the magnetically disordered phase. At the LP the topology of the hole Fermi surface is changed. We also demonstrate that in this regime the hole spin and charge necessarily separate when approaching the QCP. The considered model sheds light on generic problems concerning the physics of the cuprates.
description: updated version, accepted to PRL
A Catalogue of Exoplanet Atmospheric Retrieval Codes
Creators: name: MacDonald, Ryan
name: Batalha, Natasha
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Exoplanets
Exoplanet Atmospheres
Exoplanet Retrieval

description: Exoplanet atmospheric retrieval is a computational technique widely used to infer properties of planetary atmospheres from remote spectroscopic observations. Retrieval codes typically employ Bayesian sampling algorithms or machine learning approaches to explore the range of atmospheric properties (e.g., chemical composition, temperature structure, aerosols) compatible with an observed spectrum. Here, we provide a catalogue of the atmospheric retrieval codes published to date, alongside links to their respective code repositories where available. This is the continually updated version of the retrieval code catalogue first published in Research Notes of the AAS (MacDonald & Batalha, 2023, Res. Notes AAS 7 54). Additions, corrections, and feedback are welcome! Please feel free to email them to: ryanjmac@umich.edu
Design and applications of an improved capillary electrophoresis - electrospray ionization - mass spectrometry interface
Creators: name: Zhong, Xuefei
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: A novel capillary electrophoresis – electrospray ionization – mass spectrometry (CE-ESI-MS) interface has been developed to provide a robust, user-friendly and more sensitive alternative interface strategy. The new interface uses a flow-through microvial design and a bevelled sprayer tip geometry. The capillary column terminus is surrounded by a tapered stainless steel hollow needle, and the interior of the needle tip acts as the CE outlet while its exterior tip surface provides the electrode surface for electrospray ionization. A chemical modifier is supplied to the open-ended microvial at the CE outlet through a standard tee union, serving the purpose of maintaining electrical continuity, and supporting a stable electrospray. The chemical modifier supplied through the flow-through microvial can also be used to improve the compatibility of CE effluent with electrospray ionization. The bevelled sprayer tip design extends the optimal flow rate range for ESI and requires lower flow rate compared to conventional blunt tips or symmetrically tapered sprayer tips. This feature leads to reduced dilution effect caused by the chemical modifier solution and improves the detection sensitivity. The mass transport process in the flow-through microvial was investigated by numerical simulation and experimental comparison of on-column and post-column detection. Both approaches demonstrated that the laminar flow profile inside the microvial does not significantly distort the peak shape and the major characteristics of the eluted peaks are maintained when the modifier flow rate is properly adjusted. The chemical modifier solution in the flow-through microvial enables CE separation without electroosmotic flow (EOF). One useful application of this feature is interfacing online capillary isoelectric focusing (cIEF) with ESI-MS detection, which could be a potential replacement in many applications of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) for protein analysis in the future. The final part of the thesis elucidates the electric field distribution in the ESI source with an atmospheric ion lens, which could be incorporated in the CE-ESI-MS interface to improve the ionization and sampling efficiency in the future.
title: Influenza Pandemic (Switzerland)
title: Influenza Pandemic (Switzerland)
Creators: name: Kury, Patrick
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: o.P. Schweiz
subject: Spanische Grippe
subject: o.P. Influenza Epidemic, 1918-1919
subject: Switzerland

description: The Spanish flu, the heaviest influenza pandemic in history, coincided with the end of World War One. In Switzerland, the flu had an immense impact on the relationship between the army command, the government and the general population, because the pandemic overlapped with the general strike of November 1918, the most important political and social crisis in modern Switzerland.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
title: Patriotic Distance
title: Patriotic Distance
Creators: name: De Schaepdrijver, Sophie
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: o.P. Belgien
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Besetzung
subject: o.P. Belgium--History--German occupation, 1914-1918

description: Civilians under military occupation in World War One found their existences severely circumscribed, but they exercised agency – not through large-scale, decisive actions, but through small-scale deeds, words and gestures. One such pattern of behaviour is the subject of this article. In occupied Belgium, civilians kept an ostentatious distance to the occupying troops and administrators. This “patriotic distance” merits closer attention for what it reveals about power dynamics under occupation.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Improving Virtual Appliance Management through Virtual Layered File Systems
Creators: name: Potter, Shaya
name: Nieh, Jason
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Computer science

description: Managing many computers is difficult. Recent virtualization trends exacerbate this problem by making it easy to create and deploy multiple virtual appliances per physical machine, each of which can be configured with different applications and utilities. This results in a huge scaling problem for large organizations as management overhead grows linearly with the number of appliances. To address this problem, we present Strata, a system that introduces the Virtual Layered File System (VLFS) and integrates it with virtual appliances to simplify system management. Unlike a traditional file system, which is a monolithic entity, a VLFS is a collection of individual software layers composed together to provide the traditional file system view. Individual layers are maintained in a central repository and shared across all VLFSs that use them. Layer changes and upgrades only need to be done once in the repository and are then automatically propagated to all VLFSs, resulting in management overhead independent of the number of virtual appliances. We have implemented a Strata Linux prototype without any application or operating system kernel changes. Using this prototype, we demonstrate how Strata enables fast system provisioning, simplifies system maintenance and upgrades, speeds system recovery from security exploits, and incurs only modest performance overhead.
Quantum thermal equilibration from equipartition
Creators: name: Ponomarev, A. V.
name: Denisov, S.
name: Gemmer, J.
name: Hänggi, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The problem of mutual equilibration between two finite, identical quantum systems, A and B, prepared initially at different temperatures is elucidated. We show that the process of energy exchange between the two systems leads to accurate equipartition within energy shells in the Hilbert space of the total non-interacting, composite system, A \otimes B. This scenario occurs under the general condition of a weak interaction between the systems. We predict that the sole hypothesis of such equipartition is sufficient to obtain a relaxation of the peers, A and B, towards a common thermal-like state. This conjecture is fully corroborated by an exact diagonalization of several quantum models.
description: Accepted to EPL, 6 pages, 6 figures