cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Methods for Studying Collective Action in Rural Development
Creators: name: Meinzen-Dick, Ruth Suseela
name: Di Gregorio, Monica
name: McCarthy, Nancy
name: Meinzen-Dick, Ruth Suseela
name: Di Gregorio, Monica
name: McCarthy, Nancy
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: research methods
subject: collective action
subject: institutions
subject: social capital

description: With renewed recognition of the importance of collective action in many aspects of agriculture, natural resource management, and rural development programs in developing countries, there is a need for research on the factors that affect its emergence, as well as its performance. Yet because of its dynamic nature, collective action is difficult to measure and study. This article discusses ways of conceptualizing collective action to provide researchers from various disciplines with a basic framework for understanding and studying collective action. It highlights specific features of collective action that are relevant to identify best practice methodological approaches and research techniques. The main part of the paper then describes how collective action can be operationalized, highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of different methods, as well as discussing complementarities among methods. This discussion provides an overview on the use of qualitative, quantitative, experimental, and action research methods for studying collective action.
The relationship between collective action and intensification of livestock production: the case of Northeastern Burkina Faso
Creators: name: McCarthy, Nancy
name: McCarthy, Nancy
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Burkina Faso
subject: game theory
subject: common property
subject: livestock
subject: collective action
subject: pastoralism

description: In this paper, we develop a simple game-theoretic model to explore the relationship between management of common pool resources used as an input in livestock production (common pastures) and the adoption of inputs associated with intensified per animal production (veterinary services, purchased fodder, feed concentrates, etc.). Theoretically, it is shown that better managed pastures should lead to increased adoption of complementary inputs but decrease adoption of substitute inputs; impacts on stock levels, however, are ambiguous. An empirical model is developed and applied to data collected in northeast Burkina Faso in 2000 and 2002. Results indicate that better managed pastures, proxied by community-level cooperative capacity indices, are indeed associated with lower purchases of substitute goods, e.g. purchases of lowvalue feeds and greater purchases of complementary inputs, e.g. high-quality feeds. However, purchase of vaccines, likely to be a compliment in livestock production, is not associated with cooperative capacity.
Orbital correlations in the pseudo-cubic \emph{O} and rhombohedral ${R}$-phases of LaMnO$_3$
Creators: name: Qiu, Xiangyun
name: Proffen, Th.
name: Mitchell, J. F.
name: Billinge, S. J. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The local and intermediate structure of stoichiometric LaMnO$_3$ has been studied in the pseudocubic and rhombohedral phases at high temperatures (300 to 1150 K). Neutron powder diffraction data were collected and a combined Rietveld and high real space resolution atomic pair distribution function analysis carried out. The nature of the Jahn-Teller (JT) transition around 750 K is confirmed to be orbital order to disorder. In the high temperature orthorhombic ($O$) and rhombohedral ($R$) phases the MnO$_6$ octahedra are still fully distorted locally. The data suggest the presence of local orbitally ordered clusters of diameter $\sim 16$ Å($\sim$four MnO$_6$ octahedra) implying strong nearest neighbor JT anti-ferrodistortive coupling.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Let
The voracious appetites of public versus private property: a view of intellectual property and biodiversity from legal pluralism
Creators: name: Wiber, Melanie G.
name: Wiber, Melanie G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Property
subject: intellectual property
subject: biodiversity
subject: natural resources
subject: legal pluralism
subject: institutions

description: In an opening vignette to an otherwise insightful article, Carol M. Rose (2003) compares people who hold intellectual property rights to poor villagers in India. They put effort and time into developing small but productive properties, only to have the wild tiger or rogue elephant of the public domain trample them or eat them up. In extreme cases, IP "villages" are abandoned and left to "the jungle" of public property. But Rose neglects another part of the story, and that is that the villagers are also hungry, and while they do not directly consume tigers, they do consume the environment a tiger needs to survive. This paper argues, from the perspective of legal pluralism, that both private and public properties are voracious. In recent western developments, they each expand by trying to 'eating the other up'. Western property theory promotes this dualistic game of voracious property types. In exporting this game world wide through privatization, international agreements and regulations many other more balanced approaches to property, which fall between the public/private divide, are being consumed as well (as in kin group corporate property, cultural property etc.). Such a dualistic model of property limits our understanding of the ways in which the property rights of different claimants are interdependent. This interdependence arises not only from legal institutions that mediate property rights, but also from social institutions that determine and distribute rights, and how these legal and social institutions interface. The three-tiered model presented in this paper--ideological, legal, and social--reveals the systemic nature of property rights. Issues concerning 'new' forms of intellectual property, as well as the management of natural resources, highlight the limitations of the ideological approach to property rights, which largely ignores the legal and social relationships embedded in these forms of property. This paper explores the implications of such voracious property for biodiversity.
SUD SANATSIYASI TAOMILINI QO'LLASH SAMARADORLIGINI OSHIRISH  ZARURATI
Creators: name: Husainova, Sabina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ushbu tadqiqotning maqsadi to’lovga qobiliyatsizlik tizimida sud sanatsiyasi taomilining amalda qo’llanish samaradorligini oshirishga qaratilgan  bo’lib,qonun tarkibidagi mavjud normalarni takomilashtirish uchun takliflar ishlab chiqishdan iboratdir.
Additional file 1 of Spatial and temporal genetic variation in Ethiopian barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) landraces as revealed by simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers
Creators: name: Dido, Allo A.
name: Degefu, Dawit T.
name: Assefa, Ermias
name: Krishna, M. S. R.
name: Singh, B. J. K.
name: Tesfaye, Kassahun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Permutation‐based multivariate analysis of variance to determine the percentage of variance explained by the effects of sampling sites, year of sampling and their interaction on the matrix of PCA‐based genetic distance. Significance was assessed using 9,999 permutations.¦
Disturbing synchronization: Propagation of perturbations in networks of coupled oscillators
Creators: name: Zanette, D. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the response of an ensemble of synchronized phase oscillators to an external harmonic perturbation applied to one of the oscillators. Our main goal is to relate the propagation of the perturbation signal to the structure of the interaction network underlying the ensemble. The overall response of the system is resonant, exhibiting a maximum when the perturbation frequency coincides with the natural frequency of the phase oscillators. The individual response, on the other hand, can strongly depend on the distance to the place where the perturbation is applied. For small distances on a random network, the system behaves as a linear dissipative medium: the perturbation propagates at constant speed, while its amplitude decreases exponentially with the distance. For larger distances, the response saturates to an almost constant level. These different regimes can be analytically explained in terms of the length distribution of the paths that propagate the perturbation signal. We study the extension of these results to other interaction patterns, and show that essentially the same phenomena are observed in networks of chaotic oscillators.
description: To appear in Eur. Phys. J. B
Women’s Collective Action and Sustainable Water Management: Case of SEWA’s Water Campaign in Gujarat, India
Creators: name: Panda, Smita Mishra
name: Panda, Smita Mishra
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Collective action
subject: India
subject: water management
subject: gender relations

description: This paper discusses the Self Employed Women’s Association’s (SEWA) Women, Water and Work Campaign which organizes women’s collective action in Gujarat, India to sustain local water management. Some of the significant factors that have sustained women’s collective action are the presence of strong grassroots institutions, the establishment of a technical cadre of women, the ability of women’s groups to transcend social barriers and continuous dialoguing with the state. Women have benefited in terms of increased income, reduced drudgery, improvements in the livelihoods of their families, reduced migration of both women and men and increased participation in SEWA’s other programs. The most important impact observed is the strengthening of women’s collective agency and women’s confidence to independently negotiate in the public domain in the water management sector, which was earlier occupied by men. Women’s collective agency has catalyzed some gender-equitable change processes at the household level among SEWA leaders but the impacts are not yet widespread.
Factorization in Denjoy-Carleman classes associated to representations of $(\mathbb{R}^{d},+)$
Creators: name: Debrouwere, Andreas
name: Prangoski, Bojan
name: Vindas, Jasson
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 42A85, 46E10, 46E25, Secondary 46F05, 46H05

description: For two types of moderate growth representations of $(\mathbb{R}^d,+)$ on sequentially complete locally convex Hausdorff spaces (including F-representations [J. Funct. Anal. 262 (2012), 667-681], we introduce Denjoy-Carleman classes of ultradifferentiable vectors and show a strong factorization theorem of Dixmier-Malliavin type for them. In particular, our factorization theorem solves [Conjecture 6.; J. Funct. Anal. 262 (2012), 667-681] for analytic vectors of representations of $G =(\mathbb{R}^d,+)$. As an application, we show that various convolution algebras and modules of ultradifferentiable functions satisfy the strong factorization property.
description: 27 pages
Economic analysis of summer fallow management to reduce take-all disease and N-leaching in a wheat crop rotation
Creators: name: De Cara, Stephane
name: Jacquet, Florence
name: Reynaud, Arnaud
name: Goulevant, Gael
name: Jeuffroy, Marie-Helene
name: Lucas, Philippe
name: Montfort, Francoise
name: De Cara, Stephane
name: Jacquet, Florence
name: Reynaud, Arnaud
name: Goulevant, Gael
name: Jeuffroy, Marie-Helene
name: Lucas, Philippe
name: Montfort, Francoise
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: take-all disease
subject: N leaching
subject: summer fallow management
subject: wheat rotation
subject: catch crop adoption

description: This paper addresses the question of summer cover crop adoption by farmers in presence of a risk of yield loss due to take-all disease and climate variability. To analyse the public incentives needed to encourage farmers to adopt summer cover crops as a means of reducing N leaching, we combine outputs from an economic, an epidemiological and an agronomic model. The economic model is a simple model of choice under uncertainty. The farmer is assumed to choose among a range of summer fallow managements and input uses on the basis of the expected utility criterion (HARA assumption) in presence of both climate and take all risks. The epidemiological model proposed by Ennaïfar et al. [1] is used to determine the impact of take all on yields and N-uptake. The crop-soil model (STICS) is used to compute yield developments and N-leaching under various management options and climatic conditions. These models are calibrated to match the conditions prevailing in Grignon, located in the main wheat-growing area in France. Eight management systems are examined: 4 summer fallow managements: ’wheat volunteers’ (WV), ’bare soil’ (BS), ’early mustard’ (EM), ’late mustard’ (LM), and 2 input intensities. We show that the optimal systems are BS (WV) when the take-all risk is (not) taken into account by agents. We then compute the minimum payment to each system such that it emerges in the optimum. We thus derive the required amounts of transfer needed to trigger catch crop adoption. The results of the Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis show that the ranking of management systems is robust over a wide range of input parameters.
Annulus Amplitudes in the Minimal Superstring
Creators: name: Okuyama, Kazumi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the annulus amplitudes in the (2,4) minimal superstring theory using the continuum worldsheet approach. Our results reproduce the semiclassical behavior of the wavefunctions of FZZT-branes recently studied in hep-th/0412315 using the dual matrix model. We also study the multi-point functions of neutral FZZT-branes and find the agreement between their semiclassical limit and the worldsheet annulus calculation.
description: 15 pages, lanlmac
Would Consumers Value New Functional Properties of GM Food? A Choice-Modeling Approach for Rapeseed Oil
Creators: name: Hartl, Jochen
name: Herrmann, Roland
name: Hartl, Jochen
name: Herrmann, Roland
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Genetically modified food
subject: functional food
subject: rapeseed oil
subject: Germany
subject: choice modeling

description: European consumers and, in particular, German consumers are known to be very critical towards the introduction of genetically modified (GM) foods. It is analyzed here whether German consumers do reject second-generation GMO foods, too. Whereas first-generation GM crops induced producer-related benefits, second-generation GM crops are associated with consumer-oriented benefits like an improvement of nutritional quality. The determinants of demand for second-generation GM rapeseed oil are investigated within an online survey of 1556 German consumers. It is elaborated how two functional properties of that product matter; i.e. long-chain omega 3 fatty acids and the cholesterol-lowering effect of phytosterols. It turns out that GMO rapeseed oil is neglected by 74% of all respondents. Output traits, however, will increase the probability of purchases of GMO rapeseed oil. This is more the case for long-chain omega 3 fatty acids than for phytosterols.
It’s my home : residents’ views of the power dynamics in a community living home
Creators: name: Lewis, Fiona Claire
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: In this qualitative study, I explored male residents' views of the power dynamics in a community living home for people with disabilities. The purpose of the study was to develop an understanding of how the men experienced power in the setting of their home. In particular, I explored whether they experienced power as oppression or a variable, productive force. I also endeavoured to understand how the participants responded to the power of others such as the staff in the home or the agency management and what role the staff and agency played in empowering the residents. Four men participated in the study which took place over a 6 week period. They lived in a home managed by a non-profit agency. I used a methodology which combined group interviews with observations. The data from the interviews and observations were analyzed using the techniques of grounded theory. My analysis produced four main findings. The first was that power was dispersed among the residents, the residential staff and the agency board and management. The second finding was that empowerment occurred as both an internal and external process. The third finding was that the outcomes of an empowering interaction included power sharing, collaboration, negotiation, and improved quality of life for the residents. The final finding was that relationships with roommates were of greater significance to the participants than relationships with staff or with the agency. I propose an empowerment model which describes the process of empowerment as requiring three elements: the opportunity to exercise power, motivation to exercise power, and ability. The model depicts potential outcomes of an interaction when only two of these three elements are present. I also discuss environmental and psycho-social factors which impact on each of the elements. This study has implications for social work policy and practice in terms of steps that organizations and individuals can take to empower clients. It also has implications for social work theory in that it demonstrates that a synthesis of empowerment theory and post-structuralism is possible and instructive. Areas for further research are also described.
Farm Level Analysis of Risk, and Risk Management Strategies and Policies: Evidence from German Crop Farms
Creators: name: Anton, Jesus
name: Kimura, Shingo
name: Anton, Jesus
name: Kimura, Shingo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Risk
subject: Welfare
subject: Crop yield insurance
subject: Forward contracting and Single Farm Payment

description: This paper describes farmer’s exposures to risks at the individual farm level and develops a model representing the decisions of an individual risk averse farmer facing variability in both prices and yields. A set of stylised risk market instruments is represented. The model is calibrated using farm level data from Germany. Monte-Carlo simulations of the random variables are run, and the corresponding optimal responses are obtained. The main focus of this paper is the interactions between government payments and the farmers’ use of risk market instruments in terms of the potential crowding out of such instruments and impacts on farm return and welfare. Unlike other studies this paper models farming response to payments in terms of production and the use of risk market instruments that are endogenous. Single farm payment mitigates farmer’s efforts to reduce farming risk by the potential crowding out of substitutive strategies. Optimal policy crucially depends on the government objective, for instance risk reduction versus farmers’ welfare.
Measuring beauty production in Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC via single electrons in ALICE
Creators: name: Dainese, A.
name: Antinori, F.
name: Bombonati, C.
name: Lunardon, M.
name: Turrisi, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the expected ALICE performance for the measurement of the p_t-differential cross section of electrons from beauty decays in central Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, proceeding of poster presentation at "Quark Matter 2005"
Additional file 1 of Emergency medicine in Brazil: historical perspective, current status, and future challenges
Creators: name: Oliveira J. e Silva, Lucas
name: Herpich, Henrique
name: Puls, Henrique Alencastro
name: Myers, Justin Guy
name: Schubert, Daniel Ujakow Correa
name: Freitas, Ana Paula
name: Santos, Jule
name: Melo de Andrade, Marcus Vinicius
name: Penna Guimarães, Hélio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Appendix S1. First page of the Letter of Porto Alegre (In Portuguese). Appendix S2. Residency programs by Brazilian states and number of spots available.
The broken broker system? Transacting on horticulture wholesale markets in India (Uttarakhand)
Creators: name: Minten, Bart
name: Vandeplas, Anneleen
name: Swinnen, Johan F.M.
name: Minten, Bart
name: Vandeplas, Anneleen
name: Swinnen, Johan F.M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: India
subject: agricultural marketing
subject: brokers

description: Relying on data from a unique survey, we study the wholesale market activities of agricultural brokers in India. Three main findings emerge. First, most transactions on these wholesale markets are small cash-and-carry transactions with physical handling, quality and quantity assessment, and financial settlements all combined in a single transaction. Second, marketing regulations are ineffective as most brokers charge rates that significantly exceed the prescribed ones. Third, a majority of farmers self-select in long-term relationships with brokers, most often based on their perceived market performance. These relationships allow some of the farmers to interlink credit and insurance markets to the agricultural output market. We find that this inter-linkage does not lead to worse inputs, high interest rates, or lower implicit output prices.
Multimodal Categorization of Crisis Events in Social Media
Creators: name: Abavisani, Mahdi
name: Wu, Liwei
name: Hu, Shengli
name: Tetreault, Joel
name: Jaimes, Alejandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.5.4

description: Recent developments in image classification and natural language processing, coupled with the rapid growth in social media usage, have enabled fundamental advances in detecting breaking events around the world in real-time. Emergency response is one such area that stands to gain from these advances. By processing billions of texts and images a minute, events can be automatically detected to enable emergency response workers to better assess rapidly evolving situations and deploy resources accordingly. To date, most event detection techniques in this area have focused on image-only or text-only approaches, limiting detection performance and impacting the quality of information delivered to crisis response teams. In this paper, we present a new multimodal fusion method that leverages both images and texts as input. In particular, we introduce a cross-attention module that can filter uninformative and misleading components from weak modalities on a sample by sample basis. In addition, we employ a multimodal graph-based approach to stochastically transition between embeddings of different multimodal pairs during training to better regularize the learning process as well as dealing with limited training data by constructing new matched pairs from different samples. We show that our method outperforms the unimodal approaches and strong multimodal baselines by a large margin on three crisis-related tasks.
description: Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR 2020)
Mechanical properties of the domains of titin in a Go-like model
Creators: name: Cieplak, Marek
name: Pastore, Annalisa
name: Hoang, Trinh Xuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Comparison of properties of three domains of titin, I1, I27 and I28, in a simple geometry-based model shows that despite a high structural homology between their native states different domains show similar but distinguishable mechanical properties. Folding properties of the separate domains are predicted to be diversified which reflects sensitivity of the kinetics to the details of native structures. The Go-like model corresponding to the experimentally resolved native structure of the I1 domain is found to provide the biggest thermodynamic and mechanical stability compared to the other domains studied here. We analyze elastic, thermodynamic and kinetic properties of several structures corresponding to the I28 domain as obtained through homology-based modeling. We discuss the ability of the models of the I28 domain to reproduce experimental results qualitatively. A strengthening of contacts that involve hydrophobic amino acids does not affect theoretical comparisons of the domains. Tandem linkages of up to five identical or different domains unravel in a serial fashion at low temperatures. We study the nature of the intermediate state that arises in the early stages of the serial unraveling and find it to qualitatively agree with the results of Marszalek et al.
description: 11 pages, 19 figures, to appear in J. Chem. Phys
The C$_{60}^-$ thermal electron emission rate
Creators: name: Hansen, Klavs
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The thermal electron emission rate constant for C$_{60}^-$ has been deduced over a range of 4 eV internal energy from storage ring measurements of the decays of ions reheated with single photons absorption. The thermal radiation from the ions is quantified with respect to continuous cooling and discrete photon quenching.
The effect of grain size on electrical transport and magnetic properties of La0.9Te0.1MnO3
Creators: name: Yang, J.
name: Zhao, B. C.
name: Zhang, R. L.
name: Ma, Y. Q.
name: Sheng, Z. G.
name: Song, W. H.
name: Sun, Y. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of grain size on structural, magnetic and transport properties in electron-doped manganites La0.9Te0.1MnO3 has been investigated. All samples show a rhombohedral structure with the space group at room temperature. It shows that the Mn-O-Mn bond angle decreases and the Mn-O bond length increases with the increase of grain size. All samples undergo paramagnetic (PM)-ferromagnetic (FM) phase transition and an interesting phenomenon that both magnetization and the Curie temperature decrease with increasing grain size is observed, which is suggested to mainly originate from the increase of the Mn-O bond length . Additionally, obviously increases with decreasing grain size due to the increase of both the height and width of tunneling barriers with decreasing the grain size. The results indicate that both the intrinsic colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) and the extrinsic the extrinsic interfacial magnetoresistance (IMR) can be effectively tuned in La0.9Te0.1MnO3 by changing grain size.
description: 15 pages,4 figures. Solid state communications 132(2004)83-87
An Updated Look at the Recovery of Agricultural Productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa
Creators: name: Nin Pratt, Alejandro
name: Yu, Bingxin
name: Nin Pratt, Alejandro
name: Yu, Bingxin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: agriculture
subject: total factor productivity
subject: Sub-Saharan Africa

description: We analyze the evolution of Sub-Saharan Africa’s agricultural total factor productivity (TFP) over the past 40 years, looking for evidence of recent changes in growth patterns using a nonparametric Malmquist index. Our TFP estimates show a remarkable recovery in the performance of Sub-Saharan Africa’s agriculture during between 1984 and 2003 after a long period of poor performance and decline. That recovery is the consequence of improved efficiency in production resulting from changes in the output structure and an adjustment in the use of inputs, including an overall net reduction in fertilizer use but increased fertilizer use in most of the best-performing countries. Policy changes implemented by African countries between the mid-1980s and the second half of the 1990s appear to have played an important role in improving agriculture’s performance. As TFP growth in Sub-Saharan Africa is mainly a result of catching up to the frontier, we expect growth to slow down in the coming years unless African countries accelerate the incorporation of innovations into the production process and increase agricultural R&D investment and the speed of technical change.
Statistical Causal Inference in the Era of Interventional Neuroimaging
Creators: name: Narayan, Manjari
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Neuroscience

description: Presented at 'Janelia Junior Scientist Workshop on Machine Learning and Computer Vision', October 2016.

Abstract:
Functional connectomics broadly seeks to understand functional interactions between distinct units of brain function such as neurons, circuits, or brain regions to understand neural mechanisms that underlie cognitive processes. Probabilistic graphical models are popularly used to model such interactions where the nodes denote neural variables and edges denote some form of statistical dependence between these regions. Traditionally, such networks are defined using pairwise associations or conditional dependence relationships using passive measurements of neural activity in the absence of direct experimental interventions on neural variables. Unfortunately, in such probabilistic network models (whether directed or undirected), one cannot uniquely ascertain whether a functional interactions is causal. In this talk, I will review this problem of underdetermination of causal relationships in observational data. Furthermore, I will discuss how emerging interventional neuroimaging techniques that simultaneously record neural activity while directly intervening on neural components (whether transcranial magnetic stimulation in humans or optogenetic stimulation in animals) can be employed to bridge the chasm between probabilistic graphical models and their causal counterparts.

Citation:

Manjari Narayan. 'Statistical causal inference in the era of interventional neuroimaging', Junior Scientist Workshop on Machine Learning and Computer Vision, 2016. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12576182
Modeling Biofuels Expansion in a Changing Global Environment
Creators: name: Peters, May
name: Somwaru, Agapi
name: Hansen, James M.
name: Seeley, Ralph
name: Dirkse, Steve
name: Peters, May
name: Somwaru, Agapi
name: Hansen, James M.
name: Seeley, Ralph
name: Dirkse, Steve
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Biofuels
subject: PEATSim
subject: dynamic partial equilibrium model
subject: energy prices

description: This paper examines the impact of declining energy prices on biofuels production and use and its implications to agricultural commodity markets. It uses PEATSim, a dynamic partial equilibrium, multi-commodity, multi-country global trade model of the agriculture sector to analyze the interaction between biofuel, crop and livestock sectors. The ability of countries to achieve their energy goals will be affected by future direction of petroleum prices. A 50 percent decline in petroleum prices (absent of mandates) would result in rapid decline in biofuel use worldwide accompanied by a decline in feedstock and biofuel prices. About a 21 percent decline in U.S. cost of ethanol production is needed to make ethanol competitive with gasoline and to offset the effect of lower energy prices.
The facilitation and hindrance of psychological change for youth in residential care
Creators: name: Rockall, Dominic
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This study was an exploration into aspects residential group care programs for youth that facilitate and hinder development of self-esteem, relationship building, internal locus of control, and academic achievement. The purpose of the study was to generate practical information that could be used by practitioners working in the field of child and youth care in the context of residential group care programs. The research method involved interviewing 12 adults that had lived in residential care programs when they were teenagers. The Critical Incident Technique was used to elicit incidents from the 12 participants.
Massless Three Dimensional Quantum Electrodynamics and Thirring Model Constrained by Large Flavor Number
Creators: name: Fazio, A. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explicitly prove that in three dimensional massless quantum electrodynamics at finite temperature, zero density and large number of flavors the number of infrared degrees of freedom is never larger than the corresponding number of ultraviolet. Such a result, strongly dependent on the asymptotic freedom of the theory, is reversed in three dimensional Thirring model due to the positive derivative of its running coupling constant.
Sufficient Conditions and Constraints for Reversing General Quantum Errors
Creators: name: Gonzales, Alvin
name: Dilley, Daniel
name: Byrd, Mark S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Reversing the effects of a quantum evolution, for example as is done in error correction, is an important task for controlling quantum systems in order to produce reliable quantum devices. When the evolution is governed by a completely positive map, there exist reversibility conditions, known as the quantum error correcting code conditions, which are necessary and sufficient conditions for the reversibility of a quantum operation on a subspace, the code space. However, if we suppose that the evolution is not described by a completely positive map, necessary and sufficient conditions are not known. Here we consider evolutions that do not necessarily correspond to a completely positive map. We prove that the completely positive map error correcting code conditions can lead to a code space that is not in the domain of the map, meaning that the output of the map is not positive. A corollary to our theorem provides a class of relevant examples. Finally, we provide a set of sufficient conditions that will enable the use of quantum error correcting code conditions while ensuring positivity.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure
Local orbital-angular-momentum dependent surface states with topological protection
Creators: name: Chen, Menglin L. N.
name: Jiang, Li Jun
name: Lan, Zhihao
name: Sha, Wei E. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chiral surface states along the zigzag edge of a valley photonic crystal in the honeycomb lattice are demonstrated. By decomposing the local fields into orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes, we find that the chiral surface states present OAM-dependent unidirectional propagation characteristics. Particularly, the propagation directivities of the surface states are quantified by the local OAM decomposition and are found to depend on the chiralities of both the source and surface states. These findings allow for the engineering control of the unidirectional propagation of electromagnetic energy without requiring an ancillary cladding layer. Furthermore, we examine the propagation of the chiral surface states against sharp bends. It turns out that although only certain states successfully pass through the bend, the unidirectional propagation is well maintained due to the topology of the structure.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Additional file 1 of Preliminary findings on the experiences of care for parents who suffered perinatal bereavement during the COVID-19 pandemic
Creators: name: Silverio, Sergio A.
name: Easter, Abigail
name: Storey, Claire
name: Jurković, Davor
name: Sandall, Jane
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. The PUDDLES Study Interview Schedule: Late-Term Miscarriage.
Determination of oxygen stoichiometry in the mixed-valent manganites
Creators: name: Yang, J.
name: Song, W. H.
name: Ma, Y. Q.
name: Zhang, R. L.
name: Sun, Y. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The possible redox (oxidation reduction) chemical methods for precisely determining the oxygen content in the perovskite manganites including hole-doped La1-xCaxMnOy and electron-doped La1-xTexMnOy compounds are described. For manganites annealed at different temperatures, the oxygen content of the samples was determined by a redox back titration in which the powder samples taken in a quartz crucible were dissolved in (1+1) sulfuric acid containing an excess of sodium oxalate, and the excess sodium oxalate was titrated with permanganate standard solution. The results indicate that the method is effective and highly reproducible. Moreover, the variation of oxygen content is also reflected in significantly affecting the electrical transport property of the samples, which is mainly considered to be closely related to introduce oxygen vacancies in the Mn-O-Mn network.
description: 13 pages, 1 figure. J. Magn. Magn .Mater (accepted)
SOME SPECIFIC TYPOLOGICAL PECULIARITIES AND SIMILARITIES OF KARAKALPAK AND ENGLISH FOLK TALES
Creators: name: Khojabekova, Sarbinaz
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: There are many commons in tales of world nations; this state is explained by the similar cultural historical conditions in their lifeway. This does not mean that national tails are all created in the same way completely. As any literatures are national tales also should not lose their national features in depicting the national customs traditions and nature.
Agricultural Trade Flows among Developing Countries: Do Regional Preferential Trade Agreements make a Difference?
Creators: name: Tembo, Gelson
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Tembo, Gelson
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Southern Africa
subject: regional trade
subject: gravity analysis
subject: Zambia

description: Regional integration through trade is recognized as one way to foster economic growth and poverty reduction. This paper uses the gravity model and 11-year panel data (1996-2006) on Southern African Development Community (SADC) member countries to study Zambia’s regional agricultural trade flows and the impact of the SADC Trade Protocol (SADC-TP). Zambia’s volume of trade is significantly related to most of the standard gravity variables. The results indicate that Zambia has been largely trading below potential, especially with respect to exports. There have been improvements in Zambia’s trade flows during the SADC-TP period but only with a few countries. Further improvements will require re-examining protocol implementation and individual countries’ production and marketing costs.
Additional file 2 of Preliminary findings on the experiences of care for parents who suffered perinatal bereavement during the COVID-19 pandemic
Creators: name: Silverio, Sergio A.
name: Easter, Abigail
name: Storey, Claire
name: Jurković, Davor
name: Sandall, Jane
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. The PUDDLES Study Interview Schedule: Stillbirth.
Approximating Network Centrality Measures Using Node Embedding and Machine Learning
Creators: name: Mendonça, Matheus R. F.
name: Barreto, André M. S.
name: Ziviani, Artur
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extracting information from real-world large networks is a key challenge nowadays. For instance, computing a node centrality may become unfeasible depending on the intended centrality due to its computational cost. One solution is to develop fast methods capable of approximating network centralities. Here, we propose an approach for efficiently approximating node centralities for large networks using Neural Networks and Graph Embedding techniques. Our proposed model, entitled Network Centrality Approximation using Graph Embedding (NCA-GE), uses the adjacency matrix of a graph and a set of features for each node (here, we use only the degree) as input and computes the approximate desired centrality rank for every node. NCA-GE has a time complexity of $O(|E|)$, $E$ being the set of edges of a graph, making it suitable for large networks. NCA-GE also trains pretty fast, requiring only a set of a thousand small synthetic scale-free graphs (ranging from 100 to 1000 nodes each), and it works well for different node centralities, network sizes, and topologies. Finally, we compare our approach to the state-of-the-art method that approximates centrality ranks using the degree and eigenvector centralities as input, where we show that the NCA-GE outperforms the former in a variety of scenarios.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures
S10 Quality of Evidence (CINeMA), Lumbar Spine BMD
Creators: name: Jiawen Deng
name: Silver, Zachary
name: Huang, Emma
name: Zheng, Elena
name: Kavanagh, Kyra
name: Wen, Aaron
name: Fangwen Zhou
name: Jannusha Panicker
name: Hou, Winston
name: Sanger, Stephanie
name: Dobransky, Johanna
name: Cheng, Wei
name: Grammatopoulos, George
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110322 Rheumatology and Arthritis
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: S10 Quality of Evidence (CINeMA), Lumbar Spine BMD
Additional file 3 of Preliminary findings on the experiences of care for parents who suffered perinatal bereavement during the COVID-19 pandemic
Creators: name: Silverio, Sergio A.
name: Easter, Abigail
name: Storey, Claire
name: Jurković, Davor
name: Sandall, Jane
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3. The PUDDLES Study Interview Schedule: Neonatal Death.
SHOULD REGIONAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION OF AGRICULTURE BE A POLICY PRIORITY IN SOUTHERN AFRICA?
Creators: name: Nin Pratt, Alejandro
name: Diao, Xinshen
name: Bahta, Yonas Tesfamariam
name: Nin Pratt, Alejandro
name: Diao, Xinshen
name: Bahta, Yonas Tesfamariam
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: regional trade agreement
subject: Southern Africa
subject: agricultural trade

description: We develop a detailed trade analysis to assess the potential impacts of a free trade agreement (FTA) on the agricultural sector of Southern African countries. We do this by combining the use of a partial equilibrium analysis with bilateral trade data at the four-digit Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) level for 193 agricultural industries in 14 Southern African countries. Results show that the overall welfare effects of a FTA would be positive but small in most countries. Largest benefits would go to countries with a regional comparative advantage for agriculture, while still being inefficient producers of regionally traded commodities. No direct gains for importing countries are expected because a FTA would increase imports from inefficient regional producers, with trade diversion dominating trade creation. These results suggest that the region should be looking at regional policies and interventions beyond trade arrangements, such as those targeting investment, agricultural productivity and diversification to enhance benefits of regional trade liberalization.
Nonequilibrium phenomena in multiple normal-superconducting tunnel heterostructures
Creators: name: Voutilainen, J.
name: Heikkila, T. T.
name: Kopnin, N. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the nonequilibrium theory of superconductivity with the tunnel Hamiltonian, we consider a mesoscopic NISINISIN heterostructure, i.e., a structure consisting of five intermittent normal-metal (N) and superconducting (S) regions separated by insulating tunnel barriers (I). Applying the bias voltage between the outer normal electrodes one can drive the central N island very far from equilibrium. Depending on the resistance ratio of outer and inner tunnel junctions, one can realize either effective electron cooling in the central N island or create highly nonequilibrium energy distributions of electrons in both S and N islands. These distributions exhibit multiple peaks at a distance of integer multiples of the superconducting chemical potential. In the latter case the superconducting gap in the S islands is strongly suppressed as compared to its equilibrium value.