Eusarcus aduncus
Creators: name: Hara, Marcos Ryotaro
name: Pinto-Da-Rocha, Ricardo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Opiliones
Gonyleptidae
Eusarcus
Eusarcus aduncus

description: Eusarcus aduncus (Mello-Leitão)   
(Figs. 3, 40C,D, 49B)  
 Enantiocentron aduncum Mello-Leitão 1942: 7, fig. 5. (ma lectotype, 2 ma, 6 fe paralectotypes, here designated; “Colatina, Espírito Santo; E. May & M. Rosa leg.; MNRJ 58207*”; examined, strongly damaged). * Not MNRJ 55093, as stated in original description.   
 Eusarcus aduncus: B. Soares 1943a: 206 (dist), 207 (syst); 1944c: 144 (cit.), 145 (dist); Mello-Leitão 1945: 153 (cat), 157 (key), fig. 6; B. Soares 1945c: 374 (cat); 1946: 519 (cat); Soares & Soares 1954b: 258 (cat); 1974: 609 (cit); Trajano & Gnaspini-Netto 1991: 386 (dist); Gnaspini & Trajano 1994: 551 (dist); Pinto-da-Rocha 1995: 82 (dist); Kury 2003a: 168 (cat).   
 Material examined: BRAZIL. Espírito Santo: Colatina, M. Rosa leg., without date, ma lectotype of Enantiocentron aduncum (MNRJ 58207a); idem, 2 ma & 6 fe paralectotypes of Enantiocentron aduncum (MNRJ 58207). Bahia: Carinhanha (Serra do Ramalho, Gruta do André), R.L.C. Baptista leg., vi.2001, 1 ma & 2 fe (MNRJ 4639); idem (Serra do Ramalho, Lapa do Boqueirão), 29.vi.2001, 4 ma, 3 fe & 2 im (MNRJ 4637); Itagibá (Fazenda Pedra Branca), J. Jim leg., 05.i.1970, 2 ma (HEMS 446); idem, 13.i.1972, 3 ma & 1 fe (HEMS 484); idem, Jim, Carvalho, Mioni & Caramaschi leg., 23.i.1975, 1 fe (MNRJ 4530); idem, U. Caramaschi, C.M. Carvalho, S.R. Mioni & J. Jim leg., 23.i.1975, 1 ma & 2 fe (MNRJ 16129); Una (Reserva Biológica do Una, 15º 10´S 39º 03´W), A.D. Brescovit et al. leg., 13–16.iv.1998, 1 ma (IBSP 2311). Goiás: Corumbá, F. Lane leg., vi.1942, 1 ma & 1 fe (MZSP 234); idem, 14.vi.1942, 3 ma (MZSP 235); Itaberaí (Gruta Bela Vista 2), P. Gnaspini et al. leg., 24.ii.1998, 1 ma (MZSP 21661); Mambaí (Gruta Meândrica), J. Motta leg., 31.vii.2001, 2 ma (MNRJ 11401). Distrito Federal: (R.E. IBGE, km 251), without name of collector, 12.x.1988, 1 ma & 1 fe (MNRJ 4414); idem, 19.x.1988, 1 ma & 1 fe (MNRJ 17695); Brasília, H.S. Lopes leg., xii.1961, 1 ma (HEMS 339); idem, A. Correa leg., i.1967, 1 ma (HEMS 360); idem (Fazenda Água Limpa), A.B. Kury leg., 22.v.1998, 1 ma & 1 fe (MNRJ 5616); Brazlândia (APA Cafuringa, Fazenda Pontal dos Angicos, Gruta Labirinto da Lama), without name of collector, 20.i.2003, 1 ma & 1 fe (UNB); idem, 29.i.2003, 1 fe & 1 im (UNB); idem (APA de Cafuringa, Fazenda Santa Sara, Gruta Sal Fenda), without name of collector, 20.xii.2002, 3 ma (UNB); idem, 30.i.2004, 1 fe (UNB); idem, 17.i.2005, 1 fe (UNB). Minas Gerais: Itacarambi (Gruta Olhos D'Água), without name of collector, iv.1985, 1 ma (HEMS 875); idem, E. Trajano leg., 15.ix.1994, 1 fe (MZSP 18267). Espírito Santo: Barra do São Francisco (Córrego do Itá), W. Zikán leg., x–xi.1956, 4 ma, 5 fe & 1 im (HEMS 340a); idem, 1 ma (HEMS 340b); Colatina, J. Schubart leg., 1944, 1 ma (MZSP 1723); idem (Rio São José), Soares leg., ix.1942, 7 ma & 4 fe (MZSP 244); idem, 1942, 1 ma (MZSP 552); Linhares (Refúgio Sooretama), Schubart leg., 12.x.1944, 1 fe (HEMS 1009); idem, without name of collector, i.1979, 2 ma (MNRJ 17694).   
 Diagnosis: E. aduncus resembles E. berlae, E. elinae, E. fulvus, E. signatus, E. sooretamae, E. cavernicola, E. mirabilis and E. sergipanus because of the conical prolateral median apophysis on the male trochanter IV, and can be distinguished by: The presence of PAM; large median spine of scutal area III; basitarsus I not elongated; prolateral apical apophysis of coxa IV without projections on retrolateral margin; femur IV not longer than 1.5 times dorsal scutum length; ocularium without median apophysis, unarmed or with a pair of large tubercles.   
 Redescription: Male (MZSP 234): Dorsum (Fig. 3A,B): Measurements: SL 3.85; SMW 3.40; femur I 2.25; II 4.40; III 3.30; IV 4.15. Median paracheliceral projection smaller than PAM. Ocularium far from anterior scutal margin; with 10 tubercles. Carapace with 37 scattered tubercles. Scutal area I with 25–26 scattered tubercles on each side; II with 59; III with 69 and a long median spine curved backwards, surpassing posterior margin of dorsal scutum; IV with 38 tubercles. Posterior margin of dorsal scutum and free tergites I– III with a row of 17, 18, 16, 11 tubercles, respectively. Anal operculum with 38 tubercles.   
Venter: Coxa I with 27–36 tubercles, median and distal ones largest; II with 45–48, retrolateral ones smallest; III–IV irregularly tuberculate.  
Chelicera: Segment I with 4–5 tubercles.  
Pedipalpus: Trochanter dorsally inflated, with 4–6 tubercles. Femur dorsally with scattered tubercles; ventrally with 1 large basal tubercle, 4–5 small aligned tubercles. Tibial setation: Prolateral and retrolateral IiIi. Tarsal setation: Prolateral IIi, retrolateral IiIi.  
Legs (Fig. 3C–H): Coxa II with 6 tubercles on retrolateral margin; IV densely tuberculate, surpassing dorsal scutum in dorsal view only apically, with 1 oblique prolateral apical apophysis, this conical, short, curved posteriad and slightly ventrad. Trochanters I–IV with scattered tubercles; I–II with retrolateral ones large; I with 1 large ventro-basal tubercle; IV prolaterally with 1 median apophysis, this conical, sinuous, curved dorsad; retrolaterally with 1 large median tubercle. Femur I with reduced or small PDS, reduced RDS, ventrally with 2 rows of slightly enlarged tubercles; II with small PDS, RDS; III sinuous, reduced PDS, small RDS; ventrally with 2 rows of slightly enlarged tubercles, prolateral row with 3 large tubercles; IV sinuous, with small PDS, RDS; ventrally with slightly enlarged tubercles in distal third. Metatarsus I with 2 ventroapical setae. Tarsal segmentation: 6, 9–10, 6, 6.  
Penis (Fig. 40C,D): Stylus with medio-ventral trichomes and angular medio-ventral projection. Ventral process of glans curved, with apex blunt. Ventral plate with slightly convex sides, with 3 pairs of long, curved distal setae; 1 pair of short, straight median setae; 4 pairs of basal setae very close to each other.  
Coloration: Yellowish brown; dark brown on body margin and appendages. Light brown in distal third of metatarsi and tarsi.  
 Female (paralectotype; MNRJ 58207): Dorsum: Measurements: SL 4.50; SMW 3.80; femur I 2.15; II 4.15; III 3.10; IV 4.15. Median paracheliceral projection larger than PAM. Scutal area III with median spine curved back and upwards, reaching groove V, not surpassing posterior margin of dorsal scutum. Pedipalpus: Tibial setation: Prolateral Iii, retrolateral IiIi. Legs: Coxa IV densely tuberculate, with 1 oblique prolateral apical apophysis, this conical, short, curved posteriad and slightly ventrad. Trochanter IV with scattered tubercles, retrolaterally with 1 large median tubercle and 1 apical apophysis, this conical, short, blunt. Femur III ventrally with two irregular rows of tubercles increasing in size distally, prolateral ones enlarged; small, blunt PVS; IV ventrally with two irregular rows of tubercles, retrolateral ones smaller, prolateral ones slightly increasing in size distally; 2 large apical tubercles. Coloration: Brown; dark brown on free tergites and coxae of legs. Light brown on apex of metatarsi and tarsi of legs III–IV.   
 Variation in males (n=6): Measurements: SL 3.85–5.50; SMW 3.40–5.20; femur I 2.25–2.80; II 4.40– 6.40; III 3.30–4.60; IV 4.15–6.00. Ocularium with 1 pair of larger tubercles or unarmed. Median spine of scutal area III long, surpassing posterior margin of dorsal scutum or reaching groove V. Pedipalpus: Tibial setation: Prolateral and retrolateral IiIi/IIi. Femur II with reduced or small PDS, RDS; III with reduced or small PDS, small or medium RDS. Tarsal segmentation: 6–7, 9–12(3–4), 6, 6.   
 Variation in females (n=6): Measurements: SL 3.60–4.50; SMW 3.00–3.80; femur I 1.90–2.50; II 3.50– 4.90; III 2.70–3.70; IV 3.50–4.90. Ocularium unarmed or with 1 pair of large tubercles. Pedipalpus: Tibial setation: Prolateral IiIi/IIi/Iii, retrolateral IiiIi/IiIi/IIi. Femur III with reduced or small PDS, RDS. Tarsal segmentation: 6, 8–10, 6, 6.   
 Type locality: Brazil, Espírito Santo, Colatina.   
 Geographical distribution (Fig. 49B): Central to SE Brazil. Bahia, Goiás, Distrito Federal, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo.
description: Published as part of Hara, Marcos Ryotaro & Pinto-Da-Rocha, Ricardo, 2010, Systematic review and cladistic analysis of the genus Eusarcus Perty 1833 (Arachnida, Opiliones, Gonyleptidae) 2698, pp. 1-136 in Zootaxa 2698 on pages 26-28