cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
YBCO microwave resonators for strong collective coupling with spin ensembles
Creators: name: Ghirri, Alberto
name: Bonizzoni, Claudio
name: Gerace, Dario
name: Sanna, Samuele
name: Cassinese, Antonio
name: Affronte, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coplanar microwave resonators made of 330 nm-thick superconducting YBCO have been realized and characterized in a wide temperature ($T$, 2-100 K) and magnetic field ($B$, 0-7 T) range. The quality factor $Q_L$ exceeds 10$^4$ below 55 K and it slightly decreases for increasing fields, remaining 90$\%$ of $Q_L(B=0)$ for $B=7$ T and $T=2$ K. These features allow the coherent coupling of resonant photons with a spin ensemble at finite temperature and magnetic field. To demonstrate this, collective strong coupling was achieved by using DPPH organic radical placed at the magnetic antinode of the fundamental mode: the in-plane magnetic field is used to tune the spin frequency gap splitting across the single-mode cavity resonance at 7.75 GHz, where clear anticrossings are observed with a splitting as large as $\sim 82$ MHz at $T=2$ K. The spin-cavity collective coupling rate is shown to scale as the square root of the number of active spins in the ensemble.
description: to appear in Appl. Phys. Lett
Polyglycolic acid microneedles modified with inkjet-deposited antifungal coatings
Creators: name: Narayan, Roger
name: Daniels, Justin
name: Nasir, Adnan
name: Lefebvre, Joe
name: Boehm, Ryan
name: Stafslien, Shane
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: In this study, the authors examined use of piezoelectric inkjet printing to apply an antifungal agent, voriconazole, to the surfaces of biodegradable polyglycolic acid microneedles. Polyglycolic acid microneedles with sharp tips (average tip radius = 25 ± 3 μm) were prepared using a combination of injection molding and drawing lithography. The elastic modulus (9.9 ± 0.3 GPa) and hardness (588.2 ± 33.8 MPa) values of the polyglycolic acid material were determined using nanoindentation and were found to be suitable for use in transdermal drug delivery devices. Voriconazole was deposited onto the polyglycolic acid microneedles by means of piezoelectric inkjet printing. It should be noted that voriconazole has poor solubility in water; however, it is readily soluble in many organic solvents. Optical imaging, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were utilized to examine the microneedle geometries and inkjet-deposited surface coatings. F...
(100043) William H Jenkins
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Signatures of non-gaussianity in the isocurvature modes of primordial black hole dark matter
Creators: name: Young, Sam
name: Byrnes, Christian T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Primordial black holes (PBHs) are black holes which may have formed very early on during the radiation dominated era in the early universe. We present here a method by which the large scale perturbations in the density of primordial black holes may be used to place tight constraints on non-gaussianity if PBHs account for dark matter (DM). The presence of local-type non-gaussianity is known to have a significant effect on the abundance of primordial black holes, and modal coupling from the observed CMB scale modes can significantly alter the number density of PBHs that form within different regions of the universe, which appear as DM isocurvature modes. Using the recent \emph{Planck} constraints on isocurvature perturbations, we show that PBHs are excluded as DM candidates for even very small local-type non-gaussianity, $|f_{NL}|\approx0.001$ and remarkably the constraint on $g_{NL}$ is almost as strong. Even small non-gaussianity is excluded if DM is composed of PBHs. If local non-Gaussianity is ever detected on CMB scales, the constraints on the fraction of the universe collapsing into PBHs (which are massive enough to have not yet evaporated) will become much tighter.
description: 23 pages, 11 figures. V2: minor corrections and changes, matches published version
Does Attention Mechanism Possess the Feature of Human Reading? A Perspective of Sentiment Classification Task
Creators: name: Zhao, Lei
name: Zhang, Yingyi
name: Zhang, Chengzhi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: [Purpose] To understand the meaning of a sentence, humans can focus on important words in the sentence, which reflects our eyes staying on each word in different gaze time or times. Thus, some studies utilize eye-tracking values to optimize the attention mechanism in deep learning models. But these studies lack to explain the rationality of this approach. Whether the attention mechanism possesses this feature of human reading needs to be explored. [Design/methodology/approach] We conducted experiments on a sentiment classification task. Firstly, we obtained eye-tracking values from two open-source eye-tracking corpora to describe the feature of human reading. Then, the machine attention values of each sentence were learned from a sentiment classification model. Finally, a comparison was conducted to analyze machine attention values and eye-tracking values. [Findings] Through experiments, we found the attention mechanism can focus on important words, such as adjectives, adverbs, and sentiment words, which are valuable for judging the sentiment of sentences on the sentiment classification task. It possesses the feature of human reading, focusing on important words in sentences when reading. Due to the insufficient learning of the attention mechanism, some words are wrongly focused. The eye-tracking values can help the attention mechanism correct this error and improve the model performance. [Originality/value] Our research not only provides a reasonable explanation for the study of using eye-tracking values to optimize the attention mechanism, but also provides new inspiration for the interpretability of attention mechanism.
Escher in the Sky
Creators: name: Kallosh, Renata
name: Linde, Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The cosmological models called $α$-attractors provide an excellent fit to the latest observational data. Their predictions $n_{s} = 1-2/N$ and $r = 12α/N^{2}$ are very robust with respect to the modifications of the inflaton potential. An intriguing interpretation of $α$-attractors is based on a geometric moduli space with a boundary: a Poincare disk model of a hyperbolic geometry with the radius $\sqrt{3α}$, beautifully represented by the Escher's picture Circle Limit IV. In such models, the amplitude of the gravitational waves is proportional to the square of the radius of the Poincare disk.
description: 11 pages, 12 figures, Introductory part is extended, references added
Variation of word frequencies in Russian literary texts
Creators: name: Kargin, Vladislav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the variation of word frequencies in Russian literary texts. Our findings indicate that the standard deviation of a word's frequency across texts depends on its average frequency according to a power law with exponent $0.62,$ showing that the rarer words have a relatively larger degree of frequency volatility (i.e., "burstiness"). Several latent factors models have been estimated to investigate the structure of the word frequency distribution. The dependence of a word's frequency volatility on its average frequency can be explained by the asymmetry in the distribution of latent factors.
description: 17 pages
(100039) Edith Rosina Jenkins
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Extremal Cuts of Sparse Random Graphs
Creators: name: Dembo, Amir
name: Montanari, Andrea
name: Sen, Subhabrata
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: For Erdős-Rényi random graphs with average degree $γ$, and uniformly random $γ$-regular graph on $n$ vertices, we prove that with high probability the size of both the Max-Cut and maximum bisection are $n\Big(\fracγ{4} + {\sf P}_* \sqrt{\fracγ{4}} + o(\sqrtγ)\Big) + o(n)$ while the size of the minimum bisection is $n\Big(\fracγ{4}-{\sf P}_*\sqrt{\fracγ{4}} + o(\sqrtγ)\Big) + o(n)$. Our derivation relates the free energy of the anti-ferromagnetic Ising model on such graphs to that of the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model, with ${\sf P}_* \approx 0.7632$ standing for the ground state energy of the latter, expressed analytically via Parisi's formula.
description: 19 pages
title: Gradient-Tracking over Directed Graphs for solving Leaderless Multi-Cluster Games
Creators: name: Zimmermann, Jan
name: Tatarenko, Tatiana
name: Willert, Volker
name: Adamy, Jürgen
Publisher: name: UNSPECIFIED
Year: 2022

description: We are concerned with finding Nash Equilibria in agent-based multi-cluster games, where agents are separated into distinct clusters. While the agents inside each cluster collaborate to achieve a common goal, the clusters are considered to be virtual players that compete against each other in a non-cooperative game with respect to a coupled cost function. In such scenarios, the inner-cluster problem and the game between the clusters need to be solved simultaneously. Therefore, the resulting inter-cluster Nash Equilibrium should also be a minimizer of the social welfare problem inside the clusters. In this work, this setup is cast as a distributed optimization problem with sparse state information. Hence, critical information, such as the agent’s cost functions, remain private. We present a distributed algorithm that converges witha linear rate to the optimal solution. Furthermore, we apply our algorithm to an extended cournot game to verify our theoretical results.
(100036) Elizabeth Jenkins
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(100037) Catherine Jenkins
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(100038) Rosina Kirkhouse
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Pragmatic mode-sum regularization method for semiclassical black-hole spacetimes
Creators: name: Levi, Adam
name: Ori, Amos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Computation of the renormalized stress-energy tensor is the most serious obstacle in studying the dynamical, self-consistent, semiclassical evaporation of a black hole in 4D. The difficulty arises from the delicate regularization procedure for the stress-energy tensor, combined with the fact that in practice the modes of the field need be computed numerically. We have developed a new method for numerical implementation of the point-splitting regularization in 4D, applicable to the renormalized stress-energy tensor as well as to $\left\langle ϕ^{2}\right\rangle _{ren}$, namely the renormalized $\left\langle ϕ^{2}\right\rangle$. So far we have formulated two variants of this method: t-splitting (aimed for stationary backgrounds) and angular splitting (for spherically-symmetric backgrounds). In this paper we introduce our basic approach, and then focus on the t-splitting variant, which is the simplest of the two (deferring the angular-splitting variant to a forthcoming paper). We then use this variant, as a first stage, to calculate $\left\langle ϕ^{2}\right\rangle _{ren}$ in Schwarzschild spacetime, for a massless scalar field in the Boulware state. We compare our results to previous ones, obtained by a different method, and find full agreement. We discuss how this approach can be applied (using the angular-splitting variant) to analyze the dynamical self-consistent evaporation of black holes.
description: 25 pages, 6 figures. Accepted to Phys. Rev. D
Risk of colorectal cancer after initiation of orlistat: matched cohort study
Creators: name: Meier, C. R.
name: Jick, S. S.
name: Sturmer, T.
name: Sandler, R. S.
name: Hong, J.-L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Objective To examine the risk of colorectal cancer after orlistat initiation in the UK population.Design Retrospective matched cohort study.Setting Data from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink from September 1998 to December 2008.Participants 33 625 adults aged 18 years or over who started treatment with orlistat; each orlistat initiator was matched to up to five non-initiators (n=160 347) on age, sex, body mass index, and calendar time.Main outcome measures Associations between orlistat initiation and the risk of colorectal cancer, assessed by calculating hazard ratios with propensity score adjusted Cox proportional hazard models.Results Of 193 972 patients with a median age of 47 (interquartile range 37-57) years, 77% were women and approximately 90% were obese (body mass index ≥30). Orlistat initiators were more likely to have a previous history of diabetes or hypertension and to receive prescriptions for anti-diabetes drugs, statins, and aspirin compared with non-initiators. In the intention to treat analysis, 57 colorectal cancer events were identified among orlistat initiators and 246 among non-initiators, with median follow-up times of 2.96 and 2.86 years, respectively. The calculated incidence rate of colorectal cancer per 100 000 person years was 53 (95% confidence interval 41 to 69) for orlistat initiators and 50 (44 to 57) for non-initiators. Orlistat initiation was not associated with a higher risk of colorectal cancer (adjusted hazard ratio 1.11, 95% confidence interval 0.84 to 1.47). Findings were robust in the as treated analyses and in patients who were aged 50 years or over, were morbidly obese, or had a history of diabetes.Conclusions This study found no evidence of an increased risk of colorectal cancer after the initiation of orlistat. It is limited by the relatively short follow-up time, and the possibility of adverse effects of long term orlistat use on risk of colorectal cancer cannot be excluded.
Diverse pathways—common phenomena
Creators: name: Suleiman, Lina
name: Olofsson, Bo
name: Saurí, David
name: Palau-Rof, Laura
name: García Soler, Natàlia
name: Papasozomenou, Ourania
name: Moss, Timothy
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: sociotechnical
subject: transition
subject: urban rainwater harvesting (URH)
subject: Stockholm
subject: Berlin
subject: Barcelona
subject: 551 Geologie, Hydrologie, Meteorologie
subject: 333.7 Natürliche Resourcen, Energie und Umwelt

description: Urban rainwater management is the terrain of varied initiatives that challenge existing drainage systems. The initiatives that this article refers to as Urban Rainwater Harvesting (URH), promise a more sustainable urban water approach; however, they remain isolated “niche” projects. The article aims to investigate challenges and opportunities for mainstreaming alternative URHs as sociotechnical systems (STS). It identifies six analytical categories: context, actors, instruments, processes/dynamics, outputs and impacts as a framework for the analyses of URH projects in Stockholm, Berlin and Barcelona. Despite the diversity of socio-spatial contexts, driving forces, purposes, instruments used, technical designs and scale of URH projects, relevant factors for a breakthrough of these systems are discussed. Even though URHs have not yet become a common component of rainwater management in any of the cities, context-specific combinations of these factors are found to be essential if these systems are to become complementary options for the sustainable management of rainwater in cities.
Peak in the critical current density in (Ca$_{x}$Sr$_{1-x}$)$_3$Rh$_4$Sn$_{13}$ tuned towards the structural quantum critical point
Creators: name: Liu, Xinyou
name: Zhang, Wei
name: Lai, Kwing To
name: Moriyama, K.
name: Tallon, J. L.
name: Yoshimura, K.
name: Goh, Swee K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Ca$_{x}$Sr$_{1-x}$)$_3$Rh$_4$Sn$_{13}$ is a rare system that has been shown to display an interesting interplay between structural quantum criticality and superconductivity. A putative structural quantum critical point, which is hidden beneath a broad superconducting dome, is believed to give rise to optimized superconducting properties in (Ca$_{x}$Sr$_{1-x}$)$_3$Rh$_4$Sn$_{13}$. However, the presence of the superconducting dome itself hinders the examination of the quantum critical point through electrical transport, as the transport coefficients vanish in the superconducting state. Here, we use critical current density to explore within the superconducting dome. Our measurements reveal a large enhancement of the critical current density at the zero-temperature limit when the system is tuned towards the structural quantum critical point.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
On the existence of periodic orbits for magnetic systems on the two-sphere
Creators: name: Benedetti, Gabriele
name: Zehmisch, Kai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37J45, 53D40

description: We prove that there exist periodic orbits on almost all compact regular energy levels of a Hamiltonian function defined on a twisted cotangent bundle over the two-sphere. As a corollary, given any Riemannian two-sphere and a magnetic field on it, there exists a closed magnetic geodesic for almost all kinetic energy levels.
description: New title and abstract; same content; to appear in J. Mod. Dyn
Degradation of Surf-Fish Foraging Habitat Driven by Persistent Sedimentological Modifications Caused by Beach Nourishment
Creators: name: Fegley, Stephen
name: Peterson, Charles
name: Manning, Lisa
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Novel wave-tank mesocosms allowed hydrodynamically realistic tests of how sediment modifications affect feeding by a surf fish, Florida pompano, Trachinotus carolinus (Linnaeus, 1766). Pompano demonstrated visually based selection, preferentially preying on bean clams, Donax variabilis Say, 1822, colored in contrast with background. Pompano often took shell into their mouths instead of live bean clams. Sediments of nourished Bogue Banks (North Carolina) beaches exhibited >2.5-yr persistence of elevated coarse shell content at levels that suppressed pompano feeding in wave tanks. Elevated turbidity 4–8 mo after nourishment indicated that wave-induced erosion of buried fine sediments in sacrificial beach fill resulted in repeated turbidity events, reaching levels that in wave tanks reduced pompano feeding on Donax and mole crabs, Emerita talpoida (Say, 1817). Burial speeds of these prey in the beach swash zone were progressively reduced by increasing shell concentrations. Reduced burial rates reduce feeding opportunity and expose these mobile invertebrates to greater risk of wave transport out of the swash-zone habitat. Sampling six beaches revealed that density of Donax decreased linearly with increasing sediment size and shell concentration. Beyond the immediate mass mortality of invertebrate prey caused by >1 m of sediment deposition during beach filling, coarse shell fragments and other large particles persist as a press disturbance for years after the nourishment ends, and elevated silts/clays can become resuspended by erosive wind events in repeated pulse disturbances for at least months afterward, in each case reflecting demonstrable long-term degradation of sandy-beach foraging habitat for surf fish.
Recommendations for nomenclature of ionselective electrodes (IUPAC Recommendations 1994)
Creators: name: Lindner, E.
name: Buck, R. P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1994

description: The rapid growth of interest in the field of ion-selective electrodes (ISEs), within the larger field of electrochemical sensors based on potentiometric, amperometric, and conductometric principles, makes it highly desirable to achieve improved standardization of nomenclature in this area. The previous document, WAC Recommendations 1975 (1) has been corrected using recent experimental and theoretical findings. This report does not define or recommend activity standards or calibration procedures using activity standards
Consistent analysis of the $ν_μ\to ν_e$ sterile neutrinos searches of ICARUS and OPERA
Creators: name: Palazzo, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The two long-baseline experiments ICARUS and OPERA have recently provided bounds on light ($\sim$ eV) sterile neutrinos exploiting the negative results of the $ν_μ\to ν_e$ appearance searches. Both collaborations have performed the data analysis using an effective 2-flavor description. We show that such a simplified treatment neglects sizable genuine 4-flavor effects, which are induced by the interference of the new large squared-mass splitting $Δm^2 _{14}$ with the atmospheric one. The inclusion in the data analysis of such effects weakens the upper bounds on the effective appearance amplitude $\sin^2 2θ_{μe}$ approximately by a factor of two. In addition, we evidence that, in a 4-flavor scheme, the flavor oscillations involve also the $ν_e$ component of the CNGS beam and can suppress the theoretical expectation of the background in a substantial way. The inclusion in the data analysis of the $ν_e$ disappearance effects leads to a further weakening of the upper bounds on $\sin^2 2θ_{μe}$, which overall are relaxed by a factor of three with respect to those obtained in the effective 2-flavor description.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures; references updated; to appear in PRD as a Rapid Communication
Template-based Monocular 3D Shape Recovery using Laplacian Meshes
Creators: name: Ngo, Dat Tien
name: Ostlund, Jonas
name: Fua, Pascal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We show that by extending the Laplacian formalism, which was first introduced in the Graphics community to regularize 3D meshes, we can turn the monocular 3D shape reconstruction of a deformable surface given correspondences with a reference image into a much better-posed problem. This allows us to quickly and reliably eliminate outliers by simply solving a linear least squares problem. This yields an initial 3D shape estimate, which is not necessarily accurate, but whose 2D projections are. The initial shape is then refined by a constrained optimization problem to output the final surface reconstruction. Our approach allows us to reduce the dimensionality of the surface reconstruction problem without sacrificing accuracy, thus allowing for real-time implementations.
description: Article
Effect of Thermal and Mechanical Rejuvenation on Rheological Behavior of Chocolate
Creators: name: Bhattacharyya, Tulika
name: Joshi, Yogesh M
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chocolate is known to undergo solid-liquid transition upon an increase in temperature as well as under application of deformation field. Upon sudden reduction in temperature from a molten state (or thermal rejuvenation), rheological properties of chocolate undergo evolution as a function of time under isothermal conditions, a behavior reminiscent of physical aging in polymeric glasses. Then again, subsequent to cessation of shear flow (or mechanical rejuvenation), chocolate shows temporal evolution of the rheological properties, a behavior similar to physical aging in soft glassy materials. In this work, we evaluate three rheological properties, namely, dynamic moduli, relaxation time spectrum and characteristic relaxation time of chocolate, and compare their evolution after thermal as well as mechanical rejuvenation. We observe that the evolution of the rheological properties subsequent to mechanical rejuvenation is distinctly different from that of thermal rejuvenation, wherein the evolution is more gradual in the former case. On the one hand, this work provides unique insights into how shear affects the rheological behavior of chocolate. On the other hand, this work clearly suggests that chocolate explores different sections of the energy landscape after mechanical rejuvenation compared to that of thermal rejuvenation.
Mass-velocity and size-velocity distributions of ejecta cloud from shock-loaded tin surface using atomistic simulations
Creators: name: Durand, O.
name: Soulard, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mass (volume and areal densities) versus velocity as well as the size versus velocity distributions of a shock-induced cloud of particles are investigated using large scale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. A generic 3D tin crystal with a sinusoidal free surface roughness (single wavelength) is set in contact with vacuum and shock-loaded so that it melts directly on shock. At the reflection of the shock wave onto the perturbations of the free surface, 2D sheets/jets of liquid metal are ejected. The simulations show that the distributions may be described by an analytical model based on the propagation of a fragmentation zone, from the tip of the sheets to the free surface, within which the kinetic energy of the atoms decreases as this zone comes closer to the free surface on late times. As this kinetic energy drives (i) the (self-similar) expansion of the zone once it has broken away from the sheet and (ii) the average size of the particles which result from fragmentation in the zone, the ejected mass and the average size of the particles progressively increase in the cloud as fragmentation occurs closer to the free surface. Though relative to nanometric scales, our model reproduces quantitatively experimental profiles and may help in their analysis.
description: 45 pages including figures, tables, and references (21 pages of text) 20 figures
(100040) Constance Gwenyfer Jenkins
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Magnetically-Driven Accretion-Disk Winds and Ultra-Fast Outflows in PG1211+143
Creators: name: Fukumura, Keigo
name: Tombesi, Francesco
name: Kazanas, Demosthenes
name: Shrader, Chris
name: Behar, Ehud
name: Contopoulos, Ioannis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of X-ray ionization of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) accretion-disk winds in an effort to constrain the physics underlying the highly-ionized ultra-fast outflows (UFOs) inferred by X-ray absorbers often detected in various sub-classes of Seyfert active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Our primary focus is to show that magnetically-driven outflows are indeed physically plausible candidates for the observed outflows accounting for the AGN absorption properties of the present X-ray spectroscopic observations. Employing a stratified MHD wind launched across the entire AGN accretion disk, we calculate its X-ray ionization and the ensuing X-ray absorption line spectra. Assuming an appropriate ionizing AGN spectrum, we apply our MHD winds to model the absorption features in an {\it XMM-Newton}/EPIC spectrum of the narrow-line Seyfert, \pg. We find, through identifying the detected features with Fe K$α$ transitions, that the absorber has a characteristic ionization parameter of $\log (ξ_c [erg~cm~s$^{-1}$]) \simeq 5-6$ and a column density on the order of $N_H \simeq 10^{23}$ cm$^{-2}$, outflowing at a characteristic velocity of $v_c/c \simeq 0.1-0.2$ (where $c$ is the speed of light). The best-fit model favors its radial location at $r_c \simeq 200 R_o$ ($R_o$ is the black hole innermost stable circular orbit), with an inner wind truncation radius at $R_{\rm t} \simeq 30 R_o$. The overall K-shell feature in the data is suggested to be dominated by \fexxv\ with very little contribution from \fexxvi\ and weakly-ionized iron, which is in a good agreement with a series of earlier analysis of the UFOs in various AGNs including \pg.
description: v.3 as of 5/6/15 with eliminating extra figs: accepted to ApJ, 28 pages, figs.1-6 (color), 3 tables
Chemically modified electrodes: Recommended terminology and definitions (IUPAC Recommendations 1997)
Creators: name: Andrieux, C.P.
name: Buck, R.P.
name: Bäumner, A.J.
name: Murray, R.W.
name: Durst, R.A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1997

description: Chemically modified electrodes (CMEs) comprise a relatively modern approach to electrode systems that finds utility in (1) a wide spectrum of basic electrochemical investigations, including the relationship of heterogeneous electron transfer and chemical reactivity to electrode surface chemistry, electrostatic phenomena at electrode surfaces, and electron and ionic transport phenomena in polymers, and (2) the design of electrochemical devices and systems for applications in chemical sensing, energy conversion and storage, molecular electronics, electrochromic displays, corrosion protection, and electro-organic syntheses. Compared with other electrode concepts in electrochemistry, the distinguishing feature of a CME is that a generally thin film of a selected chemical is bonded or coated onto the electrode surface to endow the electrode with the chemical, electrochemical, optical, electrical, transport, and other desirable properties of the film in a rational, chemically designed manner. In this report, we have attempted to identify and define the most widely used terminology in the growing field of CMEs and to recommend a particular term in cases where a multiplicity of terms has arisen over the past several years or where previously defined terms have taken on broadened meanings for the special cases of CMEs. It is expected that additional terms will be added to this lexicon in the future as new research directions evolve.
On the relationship between Lozi maps and max-type difference equations
Creators: name: Bas, Antonio Linero
name: Roldán, Daniel Nieves
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 39A10, 39A06, 39A33, 37E30

description: In the present work we revise a transformation that links generalized Lozi maps with max-type difference equations. In this view, according to the technique of topological conjugation, we relate the dynamics of a concrete Lozi map with a complete uniparametric family of max-equations, and we apply this fact to investigate the dynamics of two particular families. Moreover, we present some numerical simulations related to the topic and, finally, we propose some open problems that look into the relationship established between generalized Lozi maps and max-equations.
description: 30 pages and 12 figures. The final version of the paper will be published in the Journal of Difference Equations and Applications
Scalar Dark Matter in light of LEP and ILC Experiments
Creators: name: Rossi-Torres, F.
name: Moura, C. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we study a scalar field dark matter model with mass of the order of 100 MeV. We assume dark matter is produced in the process $e^-+e^+\to ϕ+ϕ^*+γ$, that, in fact, could be a background for the standard process $e^-+e^+\to ν+\barν+γ$ extensively studied at LEP. We constrain the chiral couplings, $C_L$ and $C_R$, of the dark matter with electrons through an intermediate fermion of mass $m_F=100$ GeV and obtain $C_L=0.1(0.25)$ and $C_R=0.25(0.1)$ for the best fit point of our $χ^2$ analysis. We also analyze the potential of ILC to detect this scalar dark matter for two configurations: (i) center of mass energy $\sqrt{s}=500$ GeV and luminosity $\mathcal{L}=250$ fb$^{-1}$, and (ii) center of mass energy $\sqrt{s}=1$ TeV and luminosity $\mathcal{L}=500$ fb$^{-1}$. The differences of polarized beams are also explored to better study the chiral couplings.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures and 1 table. New references added and improvements in the text. Conclusions unchanged
A Scale-invariant Higgs Sector and Structure of the Vacuum
Creators: name: Endo, Kazuhiro
name: Sumino, Yukinari
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In view of the current status of measured Higgs boson properties, we consider a question whether only the Higgs self-interactions can deviate significantly from the Standard-Model (SM) predictions. This may be possible if the Higgs effective potential is irregular at the origin. As an example we investigate an extended Higgs sector with singlet scalar(s) and classical scale invariance. We develop a perturbative formulation necessary to analyze this model in detail. The behavior of a phenomenologically valid potential in the perturbative regime is studied around the electroweak scale. We reproduce known results: The Higgs self-interactions are substantially stronger than the SM predictions, while the Higgs interactions with other SM particles are barely changed. We further predict that the interactions of singlet scalar(s), which is a few to several times heavier than the Higgs boson, tend to be fairly strong. If probed, these features will provide vivid clues to the structure of the vacuum. We also examine Veltman's condition for the Higgs boson mass.
description: 26 pages, 14 figures, minor modification, version to appear in JHEP
Andreev Current for low temperature thermometry
Creators: name: Faivre, T.
name: Golubev, D. S.
name: Pekola, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate experimentally that disorder enhanced Andreev current in a tunnel junction between a normal metal and a superconductor provides a method to measure electronic temperature, specifically at temperatures below 200 mK when aluminium is used. This Andreev thermometer has some advantages over conventional quasiparticle thermometers: for instance, it does not conduct heat and its reading does not saturate until at lower temperatures. Another merit is that the responsivity is constant over a wide temperature range.
title: Agile Erzählungen
Creators: name: Bäcker, Rainer
name: Möller, Heidi
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 300
subject: Agilität
subject: Erzählung
subject: Arbeitsorganisation
subject: Arbeitssoziologie

description: Gefördert im Rahmen des Projekts DEAL
title: Domain decomposition approaches for the generation of equidistributing parametric curves
Creators: name: Boutilier, Miranda
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Year: 2021

description: Moving mesh methods are often used to solve boundary value problems whose solutions contain regions of rapid change. In this case, these moving mesh methods allow us to concentrate a fixed number of nodes in these regions of high variance. These meshes are obtained by solving a second order boundary value problem (BVP), which arises from the equidistribution principle. There are many real-world examples where boundary value problems are posed on curves and surfaces. Here, we focus on the case where the problem is posed on a curve that is able to be explicitly represented parametrically as x = (x₁(r), x₂(r), xₙ(r) ℝⁿ. When the solution has regions of rapid change or the curve on which the problem is posed has regions of high variance or curvature, moving mesh methods allow us to find a mesh that better resolves the function on the curve without adding additional nodes. We consider combining the solution of mesh equations with the solution of differential equations posed on parametric curves. These differential equations include both time-dependent partial differential equations (PDEs) and time-independent boundary layer problems. In addition to considering the above on a single domain, we extend these methods to form multi-domain iterations to solve these boundary value problems. Domain decomposition allows us to harness the power of parallel computing, a topic that has become popular in recent years with the increase of computing power. We provide multi-domain iterations for both time-dependent and time-independent differential equations posed on parametric curves; these include classical Schwarz and optimized Schwarz methods. These iterations are formed such that they are able to be performed in parallel. Numerical results are provided throughout to illustrate the results of the iterations. This thesis also includes theoretical results that generalize known results for classical Schwarz and optimized Schwarz methods to the case where the problem is defined on a curve.
(100034) William Jenkins
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Robinson-Trautman solution with scalar hair
Creators: name: Tahamtan, T.
name: Svitek, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 83C15, 83C57, 83C75

description: Explicit Robinson-Trautman solution with minimally coupled free scalar field is derived and analyzed. It is shown that this solution contains curvature singularity which is initially naked but later the horizon envelopes it. We use quasilocal horizon definition and prove its existence in later retarded times using sub- and supersolution method combined with growth estimates. We show that the solution is generally of algebraic type II but reduces to type D in spherical symmetry.
description: to appear in PRD
Narrative Structure and Technique in Thucydides VI-VII
Creators: name: Kirby, John T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1983

description: Of the book Thucydides Mythhistoricus W.P. Wallace writes: "F.M. Cornford maintained ... that Thucydides, in short, aimed not at historical accuracy, but at literary effect". Most scholars today would take exception to Cornford's standpoint. But it is nevertheless a fact that historiography is not history, and that anymoe who undertakes to record a series of historical events must bring some interpretive faculties to bear on them. In the hands of one who has "a mythological conception of the world of human acts and passions," literary effect may indeed become an end in itsself; but it need not be mutually exclusive with historical accuracy, if it is employed purposefully and judiciously to transform an initially amorphous collection of data into a cohesive and integrated historical account.
(In)Visibility Matters in Clinical and Translational Medicine
Creators: name: Hendriks, Barbara
name: Schendzielorz, Cornelia
name: Reinhart, Martin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: translational research
science policy
medical professions
valuation studies

description: Science is confronted with a plethora of expectations how scientific knowledge impacts society. These expectations are commonly formulated in science policy concepts, such as “basic research”, “science in and for society”, “applied research and development for exploitation”, “responsible research and innovation”. Against this background our contribution deals with two such influential scientific concepts in the biomedical context – innovation and translation – and explores how they relate to each other. We analyzed interviews with clinician scientists and their collaborators in research and clinic that were conducted in a two-year evaluation of the BIH Charité (Junior) Clinician Scientist program providing an exemplary case for innovation in medical specialist training. Moreover, it is the largest translational research training program for physicians in Germany, which is also among the largest in Europe. Our empirical study shows that the concept of translation balances visibility and invisibility in research and clinical practice to enable and ensure qualitative novelty and to optimize innovation processes, without having to subordinate itself entirely to the pressure of economization.
Mid-J CO Shock Tracing Observations of Infrared Dark Clouds I
Creators: name: Pon, A.
name: Caselli, P.
name: Johnstone, D.
name: Kaufman, M.
name: Butler, M. J.
name: Fontani, F.
name: Jiménez-Serra, I.
name: Tan, J. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Infrared dark clouds (IRDCs) are dense, molecular structures in the interstellar medium that can harbour sites of high-mass star formation. IRDCs contain supersonic turbulence, which is expected to generate shocks that locally heat pockets of gas within the clouds. We present observations of the CO J = 8-7, 9-8, and 10-9 transitions, taken with the Herschel Space Observatory, towards four dense, starless clumps within IRDCs (C1 in G028.37+00.07, F1 and F2 in G034.43+0007, and G2 in G034.77-0.55). We detect the CO J = 8-7 and 9-8 transitions towards three of the clumps (C1, F1, and F2) at intensity levels greater than expected from photodissociation region (PDR) models. The average ratio of the 8-7 to 9-8 lines is also found to be between 1.6 and 2.6 in the three clumps with detections, significantly smaller than expected from PDR models. These low line ratios and large line intensities strongly suggest that the C1, F1, and F2 clumps contain a hot gas component not accounted for by standard PDR models. Such a hot gas component could be generated by turbulence dissipating in low velocity shocks.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures, 5 tables, accepted by A&A, minor updates to match the final published version