cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Archive Query Log: Mining Millions of Search Result Pages of Hundreds of Search Engines from 25 Years of Web Archives
Creators: name: Reimer, Jan Heinrich
name: Schmidt, Sebastian
name: Fröbe, Maik
name: Gienapp, Lukas
name: Scells, Harrisen
name: Stein, Benno
name: Hagen, Matthias
name: Potthast, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Archive Query Log (AQL) is a previously unused, comprehensive query log collected at the Internet Archive over the last 25 years. Its first version includes 356 million queries, 166 million search result pages, and 1.7 billion search results across 550 search providers. Although many query logs have been studied in the literature, the search providers that own them generally do not publish their logs to protect user privacy and vital business data. Of the few query logs publicly available, none combines size, scope, and diversity. The AQL is the first to do so, enabling research on new retrieval models and (diachronic) search engine analyses. Provided in a privacy-preserving manner, it promotes open research as well as more transparency and accountability in the search industry.
description: SIGIR 2023 resource paper, 13 pages
Physiological Adaptations in Response to Environmental Stress During an N2-Fixing Anabaena Bloom
Creators: name: Paerl, Hans
name: Kellar, Penelope
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1980

description: Anabaena spiroides has the ability to maintain intense biomass production for extensive periods in the epilimnion of a small eutrophic lake characterized by conditions shown to cause photooxidative death in a number of other phytoplankton. By the enhancement of carotenoid synthesis chlorophyll a was protected from photooxidation and prevented from catalyzing other photooxidative reactions within the cells. By temporally separating CO(2) and N(2) fixation, maximum utilization of photosynthetically active radiation was achieved. Because CO(2) fixation was more sensitive than N(2) fixation to a high oxygen concentration, the former was maximized during morning hours, before the afternoon buildup of dissolved oxygen. The diurnal partitioning of carbon and N(2) fixation has two additional advantages; possible competition for reductant-generating compounds is minimized, and adequate endogenous pools of carbon skeletons are assured to accept newly fixed ammonia. Hence, Anabaena, far from undergoing photooxidative death, appears to utilize a physiological strategy which allows optimization of radiant energy use for reductive processes and dominance of surface waters and shading of deeper phytoplankton during summer blooms.
Fermion parity measurement and control in Majorana circuit quantum electrodynamics
Creators: name: Yavilberg, Konstantin
name: Ginossar, Eran
name: Grosfeld, Eytan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the quantum electrodynamics of a device based on a topological superconducting circuit embedded in a microwave resonator. The device stores its quantum information in coherent superpositions of fermion parity states originating from Majorana fermion hybridization. This generates a highly isolated qubit whose coherence time could be greatly enhanced. We extend the conventional semiclassical method and obtain analytical derivations for strong transmon-photon coupling. Using this formalism, we develop protocols to initialize, control, and measure the parity states. We show that, remarkably, the parity eigenvalue can be detected via dispersive shifts of the optical cavity in the strong-coupling regime and its state can be coherently manipulated via a second-order sideband transition.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures (published version)
The Vlasov-Poisson dynamics as the mean field limit of extended charges
Creators: name: Lazarovici, Dustin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The paper treats the validity problem of the nonrelativistic Vlasov-Poisson equation in $d\geq 2$ dimensions. It is shown that the Vlasov-Poisson dynamics can be derived as a combined mean field and point-particle limit of an N-particle Coulomb system of extended charges. This requires a sufficiently fast convergence of the initial empirical distributions. If the electron radius decreases slower than $N^{-\frac{1}{d(d+2)}}$, the corresponding initial configurations are typical. This result entails propagation of molecular chaos for the respective dynamics
description: V3: Final version with error corrections, improved exposition
Memory functioning in aging
Creators: name: El-Mir, Mohammed
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 170102 Developmental Psychology and Ageing
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: This article aimed to examine the results of research into the functioning of memory in the elderly. Memory has received great attention from researchers in aging, considering that memory is one of the processes of the information processing system that is influenced by age. This theoretical review intends to identify the levels of preservation or deficit of some basic memory structures in normal aging, in addition to the differences between the elderly and young adults in the efficiency of memory processes. We focused on short-term memory, working memory, long-term memory, and some structures related to the latter such as semantic memory and episodic memory, as well as the effect of age on prospective memory. Most of the results confirmed the preservation or slight deficit in the ability of many memory structures such as short-term memory, long-term memory, specifically semantic memory and episodic memory, and it was also unfolded that prospective memory does not decline significantly during old age. On the other hand, consistent results indicated a decrease in working memory capacity in the elderly. As for the memory processes, the researchers' data indicated the relative preservation of the storage process, and the low performance of the encoding and retrieval processes in old age. Given that some studies have challenged the general trend of researchers' findings on memory efficacy in the elderly, research into memory functioning in old age should be deepened.
Monami as an oscillatory hydrodynamic instability in a submerged sea grass bed
Creators: name: Singh, Ravi
name: Bandi, M. M.
name: Mahadevan, Amala
name: Mandre, Shreyas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The onset of monami ~-- the synchronous waving of sea grass beds driven by a steady flow -- is modeled as a linear instability of the flow. Unlike previous works, our model considers the drag exerted by the grass in establishing the steady flow profile, and in damping out perturbations to it. We find two distinct modes of instability, which we label Mode 1 and Mode 2. Mode 1 is closely related to Kelvin-Helmholtz instability modified by vegetation drag, whereas Mode 2 is unrelated to Kelvin-Helmholtz and arises from an interaction between the flow in the vegetated and unvegetated layers. The vegetation damping, according to our model, leads to a finite threshold flow for both these modes. Experimental observations for the onset and frequency of waving compare well with model predictions for the instability onset criteria and the imaginary part of the complex growth rate respectively, but experiments lie in a parameter regime where the two modes can not be distinguished. % The inclusion of vegetation drag differentiates our mechanism from the previous linear stability analyses of monami.
description: 4 figures, 13 pages
Spatial and Temporal Changes in Groundwater Manganese and Infant Mortality in North Carolina
Creators: name: Penny, Angela Kathleen Bittner
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: Manganese is ubiquitous in North Carolina, with well users at risk for excess exposure. Previous studies didn’t consider long-term infant mortality rate variability or total worker health exposure in agricultural settings. In this study, manganese concentrations and infant mortality rates are evaluated throughout North Carolina from years 2000 through 2019, assessing spatiotemporal changes using Bayesian Maximum Entropy (BME) analysis. Manganese concentrations exceeded established adverse effect limits and showed variability overlooked in studies sampling for limited years. Manganese concentrations are autocorrelated over 1.25 degrees and 3.3 years while infant mortality rates are autocorrelated over 0.6 degrees and five years. Infant mortality rates were evaluated using BME interval estimation, resulting in regional maximums of up to one infant death per thousand live births attributable to manganese in the North Carolina Coastal Plain. Increased testing and advisories for private well users will aid in identifying and mitigating manganese exposure and related infant mortality.
Poliovirus concentration from tap water with electropositive adsorbent filters.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1980

description: Simple, reliable, and efficient concentration of poliovirus from tap water was obtained with two types of electropositive filter media, one of which is available in the form of a pleated cartridge filter (Virozorb 1MDS). Virus adsorption from tap water between pH 3.5 and 7.5 was more efficient with electropositive filters than with Filterite filters. Elution of adsorbed viruses was more efficient with beef extract in glycine, pH 9.5, than with glycine-NaOH, pH 11.0. In paired comparative studies, electropositive filters, with adsorption at pH 7.5 and no added polyvalent cation salts, gave less variable virus concentration efficiencies than did Filterite filters with adsorption at pH 3.5 plus added MgCl2. Recovery of poliovirus from 1,000-liter tap water volumes was approximately 30% efficient with both Virozorb 1MDS and Filterite pleated cartridge filters, but the former were much simpler to use. The virus adsorption behavior of these filters appears to be related to their surface charge properties, with more electropositive filters giving more efficient virus adsorption from tap water at higher pH levels.
Rapid chemotaxis assay using radioactively labeled bacterial cells.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1981

description: A rapid chemotaxis assay is described in which radioactively labeled cells of the assay organism are used to detect the number of cells trapped in capillaries containing attractant. The sensitivity and reproducibility of the radioactive technique is comparable to that of the dilution plating procedure of Adler (J. Adler, J. Gen. Microbiol. 17:77-91, 1973), but is faster and also permits the results of the assay to be determined on the day that the assay is run. The method could be particularly useful for environmental studies and for field experiments, since it does not rely on sterile techniques for dilution plating.
Chaotic and integrable magnetic fields in one-dimensional hybrid Vlasov-Maxwell equilibria
Creators: name: Kaltsas, Dimitrios A.
name: Morrison, Philip J.
name: Throumoulopoulos, George N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we develop a one-dimensional (1-D), quasineutral, hybrid Vlasov-Maxwell equilibrium model with kinetic ions and massless fluid electrons and derive associated solutions. The model allows for an electrostatic potential that is expressed in terms of the vector potential components through the quasineutrality condition. The equilibrium states are calculated upon solving an inhomogeneous Beltrami equation that determines the magnetic field, where the inhomogeneous term is the current density of the kinetic ions and the homogeneous term represents the electron current density. We show that the corresponding 1-D system is Hamiltonian, with position playing the role of time, and its trajectories have a regular, periodic behavior for ion distribution functions that are symmetric in the two conserved particle canonical momenta. For asymmetric distribution functions, the system is nonintegrable, resulting in irregular and chaotic behavior of the fields. The electron current density can modify the magnetic field phase space structure, inducing orbit trapping and the organization of orbits into large islands of stability. Thus the electron contribution can be responsible for the emergence of localized electric field structures that induce ion trapping. We also provide a paradigm for the analytical construction of hybrid equilibria using a rotating two-dimensional harmonic oscillator Hamiltonian, enabling the calculation of analytic magnetic fields and the construction of the corresponding distribution functions in terms of Hermite polynomials.
James Webb Space Telescope can Detect Kilonovae in Gravitational Wave Follow-up Search
Creators: name: Bartos, Imre
name: Huard, Tracy L.
name: Marka, Szabolcs
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Kilonovae represent an important electromagnetic counterpart for compact binary mergers, which could become the most commonly detected gravitational wave (GW) source. Follow-up observations, triggered by GW events, of kilonovae are nevertheless difficult due to poor localization by GW detectors and due to their faint near-infrared peak emission that has limited observational capability. We show that the Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam) on the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will be able to detect kilonovae within the relevant GW-detection range of $\sim$ 200 Mpc in short ($\lesssim$ 12-second) exposure times for a week following the merger. Despite this sensitivity, a kilonova search fully covering a fiducial localized area of $10$ $\mbox{deg}^2$ will not be viable with NIRCam due to its limited field of view. However, targeted surveys may be developed to optimize the likelihood of discovering kilonovae efficiently within limited observing time. We estimate that a survey of $10$ $\mbox{deg}^2$ focused on galaxies within 200 Mpc would require about 13 hours, dominated by overhead times; a survey further focused on galaxies exhibiting high star-formation rates would require $\sim$ 5 hours. The characteristic time may be reduced to as little as $\sim$4 hours, without compromising the likelihood of detecting kilonovae, by surveying sky areas associated with 50%, rather than 90%, confidence regions of 3 GW events, rather than a single event. On detection and identification of a kilonova, a limited number of NIRCam follow-up observations could constrain the properties of matter ejected by the binary and the equation of state of dense nuclear matter.
description: 9 pages, 1 figure
Analysis of Metallic Space-Time Gratings using Lorentz Transformations
Creators: name: Alex-Amor, Antonio
name: Molero, Carlos
name: Silveirinha, Mário G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents an analytical framework for the study of scattering and diffraction phenomena in spacetime-modulated metallic gratings. Using a Lorentz transformation, it is shown that a particular class of spacetime-modulated gratings behave effectively as moving media. We take advantage of this property to derive a closed analytical solution for the wave scattering problem. In particular, using our formalism it is possible to avoid spacetime Floquet-Bloch expansions, as the solution of the problem in the original laboratory frame (grating parameters are periodic in space and time) is directly linked to a co-moving frame where the metallic grating is time-invariant (grating parameters are periodic only in space). In this way, we identify a fundamental connection between moving metallic gratings and spacetime-modulated metamaterials, and exploit this link to study the nonreciprocal response of the structure. Some limitations and difficulties of the alternative nonrelativistic Galilean approach are discussed and the benefits of the Lorentz approach are highlighted. Finally, some analytical results are presented in order to validate the formalism. The results include scenarios involving TM(p) and TE(s) normal and oblique incidence, even beyond the onset of the diffraction regime. Furthermore, we show how the synthetic Fresnel drag can tailor the Goos-Hänchen effect and create a specular point shifted towards the direction of the synthetic motion, independent of the sign of the incidence angle.
description: Published in Physical Review Applied, 20, 014063, 2023
Geometrical torque on magnetic moments coupled to a correlated antiferromagnet
Creators: name: Lenzing, Nicolas
name: Krüger, David
name: Potthoff, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The geometrical spin torque mediates an indirect interaction of magnetic moments, which are weakly exchange coupled to a system of itinerant electrons. It originates from a finite spin-Berry curvature and leads to a non-Hamiltonian magnetic-moment dynamics. We demonstrate that there is an unprecedentedly strong geometrical spin torque in case of an electron system, where correlations cause antiferromagnetic long-range order. The key observation is that the anomalous torque is strongly boosted by low-energy magnon modes emerging in the two-electron spin-excitation spectrum due to spontaneous breaking of SU(2) spin-rotation symmetry. As long as single-electron excitations are gapped out, the effect is largely universal, i.e., essentially independent of the details of the electronic structure, but decisively dependent on the lattice dimension and spatial and spin anisotropies. Analogous to the reasoning that leads to the Mermin-Wagner theorem, there is a lower critical dimension at and below which the spin-Berry curvature diverges.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, suppl. material
Constraining Inflationary Dark Matter in the Luminogenesis Model
Creators: name: Hung, Pham Q.
name: Ludwick, Kevin J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using renormalization-group flow and cosmological constraints on inflation models, we exploit a unique connection between cosmological inflation and the dynamical mass of dark-matter particles in the luminogenesis model, a unification model with the gauge group $SU(3)_C \times SU(6) \times U(1)_Y$, which breaks to the Standard Model with an extra gauge group for dark matter when the inflaton rolls into the true vacuum. In this model, inflaton decay gives rise to dark matter, which in turn decays to luminous matter in the right proportion that agrees with cosmological data. Some attractive features of this model include self-interacting dark matter, which may resolve the problems of dwarf-galaxy structures and dark-matter cusps at the centers of galaxies.
description: Added section reviewing model, removed unecessary section; 13 pages, 4 figures
Effects of Surface Area and Flow Rate on Marine Bacterial Growth in Activated Carbon Columns
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1982

description: The colonization of granular activated carbon columns by bacteria can have both beneficial and potentially detrimental consequences. Bacterial growth on the carbon surface can remove adsorbed organics and thus partially regenerate the carbon bed. However, growth can also increase the levels of bacteria in the column effluents, which can adversely affect downstream uses of the treated water. This study of a sand column and several activated carbon columns demonstrated that considerable marine bacterial growth occurred in both sand and carbon columns and that this growth increased the number of bacteria in column effluents. Activated carbon supported approximately 50% more bacteria than did sand. Bacterial growth on activated carbon was reduced by increasing the flow rate through a carbon column and increasing the carbon particle size. Scanning electron micrographs showed that bacteria preferred to attach in the protected crevices on both the sand and carbon surface. The results of this study indicated that the colonization of activated carbon by marine bacteria was enhanced because of carbon's high surface area, its rough surface texture, and its ability to absorb organic materials.
Femtoscopic signature of strong radial flow in high-multiplicity $pp$ collisions
Creators: name: Hirono, Yuji
name: Shuryak, Edward
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hydrodynamic simulations are used to calculate the identical pion HBT radii, as a function of the pair momentum $k_{\rm T}$. This dependence is sensitive to the magnitude of the collective radial flow in the transverse plane, and thus comparison to ALICE data enables us to derive its magnitude. By using hydro solutions with variable initial parameters we conclude that in this case fireball explosions start with a very small initial size, well below 1 ${\rm fm}$.
description: 8 pages, 11 figures; published version
Cavity quantum electrodynamics with mesoscopic topological superconductors
Creators: name: Dmytruk, Olesia
name: Trif, Mircea
name: Simon, Pascal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study one-dimensional $p$-wave superconductors capacitively coupled to a microwave stripline cavity. By probing the light exiting from the cavity, one can reveal the electronic susceptibility of the $p$-wave superconductor. We analyze two superconducting systems: the prototypical Kitaev chain, and a topological semiconducting wire. For both systems, we show that the photonic measurements, via the electronic susceptibility, allows us to determine the topological phase transition point, the emergence of the Majorana fermions, and the parity of their ground state. We show that all these effects, which are absent in effective theories that take into account the coupling of light to Majorana fermions only, are due to the interplay between the Majorana fermions and the bulk states of the superconductors.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures; New sections added, including the description of a realistic topological semiconductor wire
Molecular simulations of sliding on SDS surfactant films
Creators: name: Hörmann, Johannes L.
name: Liu, Chenxu
name: Meng, Yonggang
name: Pastewka, Lars
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use molecular dynamics simulations to study the frictional response of the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) monolayers and hemicylindrical aggregates physisorbed on gold. Our simulations of a sliding spherical asperity reveals two friction regimes: At low loads, the films show Amontons' friction with a friction force that rises linearly with normal load. At high loads, the friction force is independent of load as long as no direct solid-solid contact occurs. The transition between these two regimes happens when only a single molecular layer is confined in the gap between the sliding bodies. The friction force at high loads on a monolayer rises monotonically with film density and drops slightly with the transition to hemicylindrical aggregates. This monotonous increase of friction force is compatible with a traditional plowing model of sliding friction. At low loads, the friction coefficient reaches a minimum at intermediate surface concentrations. We attribute this behavior to a competition between adhesive forces, repulsion of the compressed film, and the onset of plowing.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures
Feasibility of Fe Autoradiography as Performed on N(2)-Fixing Anabaena spp. Populations and Associated Bacteria.
Creators: name: Paerl, H W
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1982

description: 55Fe emits low-energy X rays and Auger electrons by electron capture decay. Auger electrons are useful for autoradiographic examination of 55Fe incorporation among microbial communities. Attainable resolution, in terms of silver grain deposition, is excellent and comparable to 3H. Two known Fe-demanding processes, photosynthetic CO2 fixation and N2 fixation, were examined by autoradiography of Anabaena populations. During photosynthetically active (illuminated) N2-fixing periods, biological incorporation of 55FeCl3 by vegetative cells and heterocysts was evident. When N2 fixation was suppressed by NH4+ additions, heterocysts revealed no incorporation of 55Fe. Conversely, when N2-fixing Anabaena filaments were placed in darkness, 55Fe incorporation decreased in vegetative cells, whereas heterocysts showed sustained rates of 55Fe incorporation. Bacteria actively incorporated 55Fe under both light and dark conditions. The chelated (by Na2-ethylenediaminetetraacetate) form of 55FeCl3 was more readily incorporated than the nonchelated form. Furthermore, abiotic adsorption of 55Fe to filters and nonliving particles proved lower when chelated 55Fe was used in experiments. 55Fe autoradiography is useful for observing the fate and cellular distribution of various forms of Fe among aquatic microbial communities.
Deliverable D-JRP-PARADISE-WP3.5 Report of inter-laboratory comparison of MLST schemes for C. parvum and G. duodenalis
Creators: name: Cacciò, Simone Mario
name: Troell, Karin
name: Klotz, Christian
name: Scholl, Anne Mayer
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Cryptosporidium parvum
Giardia duodenalis
Ring test

description: This is a deliverable from the OHEJP project: PARADISE, and deals with the inter-laboratory comparison of the MLST schemes for C. parvum and G. duodenalis
Fungal Transformations of Triparanol
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1982

description: Fungal transformations of triparanol, a hypercholesterolemic drug, were studied in Lagenidium giganteum and Lagenidium callinectes. The products were identified by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Two metabolites were observed from each organism; only one of the metabolites was found in both organisms.
OHEJP COVRIN D4.3.4 Report on risk assessment and modelling of animal coronavirus evolution
Creators: name: Ben Romdhane, Racem
name: Filter, Matthias
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: One Health
OHEJP
COVRIN
Risk Assessment

description: OHEJP COVRIN The objective in subtask 4.3.4 is to investigate the application potential of data and research outcomes generated within COVRIN for virus emergence and evolution risk assessments to finally help to improve surveillance and control strategies. In this subtask, data from COVRIN WPs 1, 2, 3 and 4 were analysed on their potential to be integrated into future risk assessments, e.g. on the question which animal species/conditions offer the highest potential for future virus emergence. This work includes i) the definition of an One Health risk assessment framework that is capable of assessing risks originating from zoonotic hazards in an integrated One Health approach, and ii) an overview on how specific results from the COVRIN project and other publicly available resources could contribute to such an One Health SARS-CoV-2 risk assessment.
description: Mind maps generated using SimpleMind software (ModelMaker Tools – SimpleApps and xpt)
Artificial Intelligence-Based Detection of Cancer Survivors' Depression Cues: A Narrative Review
Creators: name: Urška Smrke
name: Mlakar, Izidor
name: Arioz, Umut
name: Plohl, Nejc
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: According to World Health Organization, 25 % of the European population is affected by mental health disorders, with depressive disorders being leading chronic conditions affecting 4.4 % of the global population with increasing prevalence. Cancer survivors’ population is no exception; 12 % to 20 % of survivors meet criteria for major depressive disorder, while these numbers are even higher in survivors with other comorbid chronic conditions. Currently, screening for depression is most often performed with the aid of questionnaires, such as the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), which rely on self-reporting and patients’ subjective opinion on their past psychological state. Even though valuable, it is impacted by reporting and interpretation bias, often exaggerated in the negative direction, along with the possibility of inattentive and socially desirable responding, which all impact the quality of the data gathered from the patient. A very promising path towards improved screening can be found on the intersection of psychology/psychiatry and artificial intelligence (AI). Currently, AI is being increasingly used for early detection of many diseases, monitoring and understanding their progression, optimizing treatments etc.. Specifically, AI in the area of mental health is, as Chen, Chen, Cheng, and Gong state, one of the topics that has already received much attention and will continue to be the focus of near-future research. Within this topic, depression seems to be the most commonly researched mental disorder.
description: This work was partially funded by the Slovenian Research Agency (ARRS) project 'Empowerment of ageing individuals: Self-regulatory mechanisms and support of digital technology in achieving higher quality of life' (grant agreement No. J5-3120) This work has received funding by the European Union Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (PERSIST, grant number 875406). The content of this paper does not reflect the official opinion of the European Union or any other institution. Responsibility for the information and views expressed herein lies entirely with the authors.
Young man walking his bicycle behind demonstrators gathered in front of the Tibet Autonomous Region Government Headquarters with three police officers standing on the gate, Lhasa, 1993
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Demonstrations
Tibetans--Economic conditions
Tibetans

description: Photograph of a young Tibetan man walking his bicycle behind demonstrators gathered in front of the Tibet Autonomous Region Government Headquarters with three police officers standing on the gate.
ChatGPT for Shaping the Future of Dentistry: The Potential of Multi-Modal Large Language Model
Creators: name: Huang, Hanyao
name: Zheng, Ou
name: Wang, Dongdong
name: Yin, Jiayi
name: Wang, Zijin
name: Ding, Shengxuan
name: Yin, Heng
name: Xu, Chuan
name: Yang, Renjie
name: Zheng, Qian
name: Shi, Bing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The ChatGPT, a lite and conversational variant of Generative Pretrained Transformer 4 (GPT-4) developed by OpenAI, is one of the milestone Large Language Models (LLMs) with billions of parameters. LLMs have stirred up much interest among researchers and practitioners in their impressive skills in natural language processing tasks, which profoundly impact various fields. This paper mainly discusses the future applications of LLMs in dentistry. We introduce two primary LLM deployment methods in dentistry, including automated dental diagnosis and cross-modal dental diagnosis, and examine their potential applications. Especially, equipped with a cross-modal encoder, a single LLM can manage multi-source data and conduct advanced natural language reasoning to perform complex clinical operations. We also present cases to demonstrate the potential of a fully automatic Multi-Modal LLM AI system for dentistry clinical application. While LLMs offer significant potential benefits, the challenges, such as data privacy, data quality, and model bias, need further study. Overall, LLMs have the potential to revolutionize dental diagnosis and treatment, which indicates a promising avenue for clinical application and research in dentistry.
Welcome to Gyantse Dzong' Poster Detailing the History and Cultural Heritage of Gyantse Dzong, 1996
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Signs and signboards
Cultural property
Tibetans

description: Photograph of a 'Welcome to Gyantse Dzong' poster, detailing the history and cultural heirtage of Gyantse Dzong.
Qualitätsstandards für Open-Access-Bücher
Creators: name: Arbeitsgemeinschaft Der Universitätsverlage
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: open access
book publishing

description: Nachdem die Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Universitätsverlage bereits 2017 Qualitätsstandards für Open Access Monografien und Sammelbände veröffentlicht hatte, legt sie nun eine gründliche Überarbeitung vor, die vereinfacht von Open-Access-Büchern spricht und sich auf Buchveröffentlichungen im unmittelbaren Open Access (Gold OA, Diamond OA) bezieht. Die Standards richten sich an alle Verlage und Publikationsservices, die verlegerische Dienstleistungen für Bücher bereitstellen. Die Neufassung differenziert notwendige und empfohlenen Aspekte, geht auf seit 2017 veränderte Praktiken im Publikationswesen ein oder formuliert präziser. Sie beruht auf fruchtbaren Diskussionen in der Arbeitsgemeinschaft und einer gründlichen Redaktion durch Ursula Arning, Margo Bargheer, Isabella Meinecke, Markus Putnings, Dagmar Schobert, Regine Tobias und Marco Winkler für die AG Universitätsverlage.
Efficient pointwise estimation based on discrete data in ergodic nonparametric diffusions
Creators: name: Galtchouk, L. I.
name: Pergamenshchikov, S. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A truncated sequential procedure is constructed for estimating the drift coefficient at a given state point based on discrete data of ergodic diffusion process. A nonasymptotic upper bound is obtained for a pointwise absolute error risk. The optimal convergence rate and a sharp constant in the bounds are found for the asymptotic pointwise minimax risk. As a consequence, the efficiency is obtained of the proposed sequential procedure.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.3150/14-BEJ655 in the Bernoulli (http://isi.cbs.nl/bernoulli/) by the International Statistical Institute/Bernoulli Society (http://isi.cbs.nl/BS/bshome.htm)
[Heiner Barz, Jugend und Religion, 3Bde...]
Creators: name: Mette, Norbert
name: Prieler, Gerhard
name: Kohler-Spiegel, Helga
name: Biemer, Günter
name: Heidenreich, Hartmut
name: Karrer-Leuker, Maria
Publisher: name: Diakonia
Year: 1970

description: Diakonia, Bd. 23 Nr. 6 (1992): Diakonia, Band 23, Heft 6
Are Large Language Models Ready for Healthcare? A Comparative Study on Clinical Language Understanding
Creators: name: Wang, Yuqing
name: Zhao, Yun
name: Petzold, Linda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Large language models (LLMs) have made significant progress in various domains, including healthcare. However, the specialized nature of clinical language understanding tasks presents unique challenges and limitations that warrant further investigation. In this study, we conduct a comprehensive evaluation of state-of-the-art LLMs, namely GPT-3.5, GPT-4, and Bard, within the realm of clinical language understanding tasks. These tasks span a diverse range, including named entity recognition, relation extraction, natural language inference, semantic textual similarity, document classification, and question-answering. We also introduce a novel prompting strategy, self-questioning prompting (SQP), tailored to enhance LLMs' performance by eliciting informative questions and answers pertinent to the clinical scenarios at hand. Our evaluation underscores the significance of task-specific learning strategies and prompting techniques for improving LLMs' effectiveness in healthcare-related tasks. Additionally, our in-depth error analysis on the challenging relation extraction task offers valuable insights into error distribution and potential avenues for improvement using SQP. Our study sheds light on the practical implications of employing LLMs in the specialized domain of healthcare, serving as a foundation for future research and the development of potential applications in healthcare settings.
description: 24 pages
Localized Tetrazolium Reduction in Relation to N2 Fixation, CO2 Fixation, and H2 Uptake in Aquatic Filamentous Cyanobacteria
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1982

description: The aquatic filamentous cyanobacteria Anabaena oscillarioides and Trichodesmium sp. reveal specific cellular regions of tetrazolium salt reduction. The effects of localized reduction of five tetrazolium salts on N(2) fixation (acetylene reduction), CO(2) fixation, and H(2) utilization were examined. During short-term (within 30 min) exposures in A. oscillarioides, salt reduction in heterocysts occurred simultaneously with inhibition of acetylene reduction. Conversely, when salts failed to either penetrate or be reduced in heterocysts, no inhibition of acetylene reduction occurred. When salts were rapidly reduced in vegetative cells, CO(2) fixation and H(2) utilization rates decreased, whereas salts exclusively reduced in heterocysts were not linked to blockage of these processes. In the nonheterocystous genus Trichodesmium, the deposition of reduced 2,3,5-triphenyl-2-tetrazolium chloride (TTC) in the internal cores of trichomes occurs simultaneously with a lowering of acetylene reduction rates. Since TTC deposition in heterocysts of A. oscillarioides occurs contemporaneously with inhibition of acetylene reduction, we conclude that the cellular reduction of this salt is of use in locating potential N(2)-fixing sites in cyanobacteria. The possible applications and problems associated with interpreting localized reduction of tetrazolium salts in cyanobacteria are presented.
Classical-quantum crossover in the critical behavior of the transverse field S-K spin glass model
Creators: name: Mukherjee, Sudip
name: Rajak, Atanu
name: Chakrabarti, Bikas K
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the critical behavior of Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model in transverse field (at finite temperature) using Monte Carlo simulation and exact diagonalization (at zero temperature). We determine the phase diagram of the model by estimating the Binder cumulant. We also determine the correlation length exponent from the collapse of the scaled data. Our numerical studies here indicate that critical Binder cumulant (indicating the universality class of the transition behavior) and the correlation length exponent cross over from their `classical' to `quantum' values at a finite temperature (unlike the cases of pure systems where such crossovers occur at zero temperature). We propose a qualitative argument supporting such an observation, employing a simple tunneling picture.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Measurement of aquatic biodegradation rates by determining heterotrophic uptake of radiolabeled pollutants.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1982

description: The heterotrophic uptake technique was modified to provide a rapid and simple technique for estimating the rates of biodegradation of organic pollutants under environmental conditions. The methodology is based on an evaluation of uptake into cells and subsequent respiration of radiolabeled organic substrates in short-term experiments. The resulting data can be used to calculate either turnover times or, if multiple concentrations of substrate are used, kinetic parameters. The procedure was applied to assess the biodegradation rates of m-cresol, chlorobenzene, nitrilotriacetic acid, and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene in fresh, brackish, and marine water samples from the coastal areas of North Carolina. Saturation kinetics for uptake were obtained with each of the compounds tested. Rates of metabolism were shown to be dependent on sample location and time of year.
POLYPHEM Media Press Kit
Creators: name: Consortium
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: The POLYPHEM Media Press kit has been finalised and published. Let’s read more about it! This 17-page publication presents: Page 1 – Concentrated Solar Power: Challenges and solutions Page 2 – The POLYPHEM project in a nutshell Page 3 – POLYPHEM concept and innovation Page 4 – A collaborative project EU-funded project Page 5 – POLYPHEM results and main achievements Page 6 – POLYPHEM impacts Page 7 – Timeline of the project and next steps Page 8 – Communication and dissemination materials Page 9 – Deliverables Page 10 – Scientific publications and Conference Proceedings Page 11 – POLYPHEM in the Media Page 12 – POLYPHEM Press release Download the full POLYPHEM Media Press kit: https://www.polyphem-project.eu/2022/08/31/_media_press_kit/ Discover all the POLYPHEM communication materials for a broader audience (flyers, timeline, videos) in the Dissemination section of our website!
Young Tibetan man holding his arms up among demonstrators calling for an end to price increases, with a male civilian in the foreground, Lhasa, 1993
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Demonstrations
Tibetans--Economic conditions
Tibetans

description: Photograph of a young Tibetan man holding his arms up among demonstrators calling for an end to price increases, with a male civilian in the foreground.
Bioassay and dose measurement in UV disinfection.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1983

description: A bioassay method was developed to measure the average intensity within a UV disinfection reactor. The survival of spores of Bacillus subtilis was determined as a function of UV dose to prepare a standard curve. Spores were added to unknown systems, and the survival rate was used to determine the average intensity. A modification was used for flow-through reactors by which spores were injected as a spike and collected at a known time after injection. A point source summation method for calculating intensity was verified by bioassay measurements in a simple cylinder. This calculation method was also applied to multiple-lamp reactors.
Antrag auf Mitgliedschaft in der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der deutschsprachigen Universitätsverlage
Creators: name: Arning, Ursula
name: Bargheer, Margo
name: Meinecke, Isabella
name: Schobert, Dagmar
name: Tobias, Regine
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: institutional publishing
Universitätsverlage
Open Access

description: Dies ist der Antrag auf Mitgliedschaft in der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der deutschsprachigen Universitätsverlage. Er geht auf folgende Punkte ein, die als Voraussetzung für die Mitgliedschaft erfüllt sein müssen. Bekenntnis zu Open Access und Open Science Wissenschaftsfreundliche Rechtepolitik Professionelles Agieren als Verlag Verlegerisches Programm Zielgruppe des Service Qualitätssicherung nach wissenschaftlichen Standards Organisation Geschäftsmodell Kollegiale Zusammenarbeit Nicht jeder Universitätsverlag oder wissenschaftlicher Publikationsservice wird alle Punkte erfüllen können, da diese vom Geschäftsmodell und institutionellen Auftrags abhängen. Deshalb gibt es zwei Formen der Mitgliedschaft, die Vollmitgliedschaft und die assoziierte Mitgliedschaft.
Discovery of an embryonically derived bipotent population of endothelial-macrophage progenitor cells in postnatal aorta
Creators: name: Williamson, Anna E.
name: Liyanage, S
name: Hassanshahi, M
name: Dona, MSI
name: Toledo-Flores, D
name: Tran, DXA
name: Dimasi, C
name: Schwarz, N
name: Fernando, S
name: Salagaras, T
name: Long, A
name: Kazenwadel, J
name: Harvey, NL
name: Drummond, Grant
name: Vinh, Antony
name: Chandrakanthan, V
name: Misra, A
name: Neufeld, Z
name: Tan, JTM
name: Martelotto, L
name: Polo, JM
name: Bonder, CS
name: Pinto, Ruvantha
name: Sharma, Shiwani
name: Nicholls, SJ
name: Bursill, CA
name: J. Psaltis, Peter
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 32
subject: Biomedical and clinical sciences
classificationCode: 4003
subject: Biomedical engineering

description: Converging evidence indicates that extra-embryonic yolk sac is the source of both macrophages and endothelial cells in adult mouse tissues. Prevailing views are that these embryonically derived cells are maintained after birth by proliferative self-renewal in their differentiated states. Here we identify clonogenic endothelial-macrophage (EndoMac) progenitor cells in the adventitia of embryonic and postnatal mouse aorta, that are independent of Flt3-mediated bone marrow hematopoiesis and derive from an early embryonic CX3CR1+ and CSF1R+ source. These bipotent progenitors are proliferative and vasculogenic, contributing to adventitial neovascularization and formation of perfused blood vessels after transfer into ischemic tissue. We establish a regulatory role for angiotensin II, which enhances their clonogenic and differentiation properties and rapidly stimulates their proliferative expansion in vivo. Our findings demonstrate that embryonically derived EndoMac progenitors participate in local vasculogenic responses in the aortic wall by contributing to the expansion of endothelial cells and macrophages postnatally.
Search for pair-produced resonances decaying to jet pairs in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Results are reported of a general search for pair production of heavy resonances decaying to pairs of jets in events with at least four jets. The study is based on up to 19.4 inverse femtobarns of integrated luminosity from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV, recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC. Limits are determined on the production of scalar top quarks (top squarks) in the framework of R-parity violating supersymmetry and on the production of color-octet vector bosons (colorons). First limits at the LHC are placed on top squark production for two scenarios. The first assumes decay to a bottom quark and a light-flavor quark and is excluded for masses between 200 and 385 GeV, and the second assumes decay to a pair of light-flavor quarks and is excluded for masses between 200 and 350 GeV at 95% confidence level. Previous limits on colorons decaying to light-flavor quarks are extended to exclude masses from 200 to 835 GeV.
description: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI