cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Is motion under the conservative self-force in black hole spacetimes an integrable Hamiltonian system?
Creators: name: Vines, Justin
name: Flanagan, Éanna É.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A point-like object moving in a background black hole spacetime experiences a gravitational self-force which can be expressed as a local function of the object's instantaneous position and velocity, to linear order in the mass ratio. We consider the worldline dynamics defined by the conservative part of the local self-force, turning off the dissipative part, and we ask: Is that dynamical system a Hamiltonian system, and if so, is it integrable? In the Schwarzschild spacetime, we show that the system is Hamiltonian and integrable, to linear order in the mass ratio, for generic (but not necessarily all) stable bound orbits. There exist an energy and an angular momentum, being perturbed versions of their counterparts for geodesic motion, which are conserved under the forced motion. We also discuss difficulties associated with establishing analogous results in the Kerr spacetime. This result may be useful for future computational schemes, based on a local Hamiltonian description, for calculating the conservative self-force and its observable effects. It is also relevant to the assumption of the existence of a Hamiltonian for the conservative dynamics for generic orbits in the effective-one-body formalism, to linear order in the mass ratio, but to all orders in the post-Newtonian expansion.
description: 5 pages
Table S1 from Convergent evolution in Arabidopsis halleri and Arabidopsis arenosa on calamine metalliferous soils.
Creators: name: Preite, Veronica
name: Sailer, Christian
name: Syllwasschy, Lara
name: Bray, Sian
name: Ahmadi, Hassan
name: Krämer, Ute
name: Yant, Levi
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: It is a plausible hypothesis that parallel adaptation events to the same environmental challenge should result in genetic changes of similar or identical effects, depending on the underlying fitness landscapes. However, systematic testing of this is scarce. Here we examine this hypothesis in two closely related plant species, Arabidopsis halleri and Arabidopsis arenosa, which co-occur at two calamine metalliferous (M) sites harbouring toxic levels of the heavy metals zinc and cadmium. We conduct individual genome resequencing alongside soil elemental analysis for 64 plants from eight populations on M and non-metalliferous (NM) soils, and identify genomic footprints of selection and local adaptation. Selective sweep and environmental association analyses indicate a modest degree of gene as well as functional network convergence, whereby the proximal molecular factors mediating this convergence mostly differ between site pairs and species. Notably, we observe repeated selection on identical single nucleotide poly-morphisms in several A. halleri genes at two independently colonized M sites. Our data suggest that species-specific metal handling and other biological features could explain a low degree of convergence between species. The parallel establishment of plant populations on calamine M soils involves convergent evolution, which will probably be more pervasive across sites purposely chosen for maximal similarity in soil composition.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Convergent evolution in the genomics era: new insights and directions’.
(1300) Elizabeth Burwell
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Ipsilateral Input Modifies the Primary Somatosensory Cortex Response to Contralateral Skin Flutter
Creators: name: Tommerdahl, Mark
name: Simons, Stephen B.
name: Favorov, Oleg
name: Chiu, Joannellyn S.
name: Whitsel, Barry L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: We recorded the optical intrinsic signal response of squirrel monkey primary somatosensory cortex (SI) to 25 Hz vibrotactile ("flutter") stimulation applied independently to the thenar eminence on each hand and also to bilateral (simultaneous) stimulation of both thenars. The following observations were obtained in every subject (n = 5). (1) Ipsilateral stimulation was accompanied by an increase in absorbance within the SI hand region substantially smaller than the absorbance increase evoked by contralateral stimulation. (2) The absorbance increase evoked by simultaneous bilateral stimulation was smaller (by approximately 30%) than that evoked by contralateral stimulation. (3) The spatiointensive pattern of the SI response to bilateral flutter was distinctly different than the pattern that accompanied contralateral flutter stimulation: with contralateral flutter, the center of the responding region of SI underwent a large increase in absorbance, whereas absorbance decreased in the surrounding region; in contrast, during bilateral flutter, absorbance decreased (relative to that evoked by contralateral flutter) in the central region of SI but increased in the surround. The results raise the possibility that somatosensory perceptual experiences specific to bimanual tactile object exploration derive, at least in part, from the unique spatiointensive activity pattern evoked in SI when the stimulus makes contact with both hands. It is suggested that modulatory influences evoked by ipsilateral thenar flutter stimulation reach SI via a two-stage pathway involving interhemispheric (callosal) connections between information processing levels higher than SI and subsequently via intrahemispheric (corticocortical) projections to the SI hand region.
(1296) Fanny [Gadd]
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Figure S3 from Convergent evolution in Arabidopsis halleri and Arabidopsis arenosa on calamine metalliferous soils
Creators: name: Preite, Veronica
name: Sailer, Christian
name: Syllwasschy, Lara
name: Bray, Sian
name: Ahmadi, Hassan
name: Krämer, Ute
name: Yant, Levi
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: It is a plausible hypothesis that parallel adaptation events to the same environmental challenge should result in genetic changes of similar or identical effects, depending on the underlying fitness landscapes. However, systematic testing of this is scarce. Here we examine this hypothesis in two closely related plant species, Arabidopsis halleri and Arabidopsis arenosa, which co-occur at two calamine metalliferous sites harbouring toxic levels of the heavy metals zinc and cadmium. We conduct individual genome resequencing alongside soil elemental analysis for 64 plants from eight populations on metalliferous and non-metalliferous soils, and identify genomic footprints of selection and local adaptation. Selective sweep and environmental association analyses indicate a modest degree of gene as well as functional network convergence, whereby the proximal molecular factors mediating this convergence mostly differ between site pairs and species. Notably, we observe repeated selection on identical SNPs in several A. halleri genes at two independently colonized metalliferous sites. Our data suggest that species-specific metal handling and other biological features could explain a low degree of convergence between species. The parallel establishment of plant populations on calamine metalliferous soils involves convergent evolution, which will likely be more pervasive across sites purposely chosen for maximal similarity in soil composition.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Convergent evolution in the genomics era: new insights and directions’.
Prostaglandin D2-Mediated Microglia/Astrocyte Interaction Enhances Astrogliosis and Demyelination in twitcher
Creators: name: Fukumoto, Noriko
name: Ozono, Keiichi
name: Taniike, Masako
name: Suzuki, Kinuko
name: Eguchi, Naomi
name: Sasai, Hitoshi
name: Inui, Takashi
name: Kanekiyo, Takahisa
name: Taniguchi, Hidetoshi
name: Kanaoka, Yoshihide
name: Urade, Yoshihiro
name: Narumiya, Shuh
name: Mohri, Ikuko
name: Aritake, Kosuke
name: Kushi, Atsuko
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Prostaglandin (PG) D
Supplementary methods from Convergent evolution in Arabidopsis halleri and Arabidopsis arenosa on calamine metalliferous soils.
Creators: name: Preite, Veronica
name: Sailer, Christian
name: Syllwasschy, Lara
name: Bray, Sian
name: Ahmadi, Hassan
name: Krämer, Ute
name: Yant, Levi
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: It is a plausible hypothesis that parallel adaptation events to the same environmental challenge should result in genetic changes of similar or identical effects, depending on the underlying fitness landscapes. However, systematic testing of this is scarce. Here we examine this hypothesis in two closely related plant species, Arabidopsis halleri and Arabidopsis arenosa, which co-occur at two calamine metalliferous (M) sites harbouring toxic levels of the heavy metals zinc and cadmium. We conduct individual genome resequencing alongside soil elemental analysis for 64 plants from eight populations on M and non-metalliferous (NM) soils, and identify genomic footprints of selection and local adaptation. Selective sweep and environmental association analyses indicate a modest degree of gene as well as functional network convergence, whereby the proximal molecular factors mediating this convergence mostly differ between site pairs and species. Notably, we observe repeated selection on identical single nucleotide poly-morphisms in several A. halleri genes at two independently colonized M sites. Our data suggest that species-specific metal handling and other biological features could explain a low degree of convergence between species. The parallel establishment of plant populations on calamine M soils involves convergent evolution, which will probably be more pervasive across sites purposely chosen for maximal similarity in soil composition.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Convergent evolution in the genomics era: new insights and directions’.
(1297) Sydney James Shaw
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Entropy production for velocity-dependent macroscopic forces: the problem of dissipation without fluctuations
Creators: name: Cerino, Luca
name: Puglisi, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In macroscopic systems, velocity-dependent phenomenological forces $F(v)$ are used to model friction, feedback devices or self-propulsion. Such forces usually include a dissipative component which conceals the fast energy exchanges with a thermostat at the environment temperature $T$, ruled by a microscopic Hamiltonian $H$. The mapping $(H,T) \to F(v)$ - even if effective for many purposes - may lead to applications of stochastic thermodynamics where an $incomplete$ fluctuating entropy production (FEP) is derived. An enlightening example is offered by recent macroscopic experiments where dissipation is dominated by solid-on-solid friction, typically modelled through a deterministic Coulomb force $F(v)$. Through an adaptation of the microscopic Prandtl-Tomlinson model for friction, we show how the FEP is dominated by the heat released to the $T$-thermostat, ignored by the macroscopic Coulomb model. This problem, which haunts several studies in the literature, cannot be cured by weighing the time-reversed trajectories with a different auxiliary dynamics: it is only solved by a more accurate stochastic modelling of the thermostat underlying dissipation.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Small, Nonpeptide p75NTR Ligands Induce Survival Signaling and Inhibit proNGF-Induced Death
Creators: name: Kraemer, Rosemary
name: Massa, Stephen M.
name: Harrington, Anthony W.
name: Moore, Laura A.
name: Hempstead, Barbara L.
name: Xie, Youmei
name: Longo, Frank M.
name: Mi, Lyang Kim
name: Yang, Tao
name: Sung, Ok Yoon
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Studies showing that neurotrophin binding to p75
(1298) James Burras
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Gaze Cueing and the Role of Presence in Human-Robot Interaction
Creators: name: Friebe, Kassandra
name: Malinovska, Kristina
name: Samporova, Sabina
name: Hoffmann, Matej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Gaze cueing is a fundamental part of social interactions, and broadly studied using Posner task based gaze cueing paradigms. While studies using human stimuli consistently yield a gaze cueing effect, results from studies using robotic stimuli are inconsistent. Typically, these studies use virtual agents or pictures of robots. As previous research has pointed to the significance of physical presence in human-robot interaction, it is of fundamental importance to understand its yet unexplored role in interactions with gaze cues. This paper investigates whether the physical presence of the iCub humanoid robot affects the strength of the gaze cueing effect in human-robot interaction. We exposed 42 participants to a gaze cueing task. We asked participants to react as quickly and accurately as possible to the appearance of a target stimulus that was either congruently or incongruently cued by the gaze of a copresent iCub robot or a virtual version of the same robot. Analysis of the reaction time measurements showed that participants were consistently affected by their robot interaction partner's gaze, independently on the way the robot was presented. Additional analyses of participants' ratings of the robot's anthropomorphism, animacy and likeability further add to the impression that presence does not play a significant role in simple gaze based interactions. Together our findings open up interesting discussions about the possibility to generalize results from studies using virtual agents to real life interactions with copresent robots.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
PPPC 4 DM secondary: A Poor Particle Physicist Cookbook for secondary radiation from Dark Matter
Creators: name: Buch, Jatan
name: Cirelli, Marco
name: Giesen, Gaëlle
name: Taoso, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We enlarge the set of recipes and ingredients at disposal of any poor particle physicist eager to cook up signatures from weak-scale Dark Matter models by computing two secondary emissions due to DM particles annihilating or decaying in the galactic halo, namely the radio signals from synchrotron emission and the gamma rays from bremsstrahlung. We consider several magnetic field configurations and propagation scenarios for electrons and positrons. We also provide an improved energy loss function for electrons and positrons in the Galaxy, including synchrotron losses in the different configurations, bremsstrahlung losses, ionization losses and Inverse Compton losses with an updated InterStellar Radiation Field.
description: 25 pages, many figures. v2: a small clarification on the use of custom galactic magnetic fields added, matches version published on JCAP. All results are available at http://www.marcocirelli.net/PPPC4DMID.html
(1293) Rosaline Emma Stalman
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Somatosensory Coding of Roughness: The Effect of Texture Adaptation in Direct and Indirect Touch
Creators: name: Lorenz, Florian
name: Hollins, Mark
name: Harper, Daniel
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: To examine somatosensory mechanisms contributing to the perception of roughness, subjects examined surfaces with rigorously specified spatial textures under conditions of direct moving contact between the fingertip and the surface (direct touch) and contact through a rigid probe (indirect touch). Subjects were trained to scan the surfaces along a consistent path and with a speed of 2.7 cm/s. With each mode of touch, periods of prolonged inspection of a single adapting surface were followed by shorter periods in which the roughness of multiple test surfaces was reported. Adaptation caused a drop in perceived roughness under conditions of indirect touch, reflecting the reduced sensitivity of vibrotactile mechanisms that are the main recipients of textural information transmitted through the probe. During direct touch, adaptation had no significant effect on the perception of textures with spatial period >200 mum, which are spatially encoded. The results have an important implication for the physiological basis of the spatial code, which is believed to involve somatosensory cortical neurons with highly structured receptive fields: these cortical populations appear to be less susceptible to adaptation than otherwise similar neuronal populations in the visual system.
Figure S1 from Convergent evolution in Arabidopsis halleri and Arabidopsis arenosa on calamine metalliferous soils
Creators: name: Preite, Veronica
name: Sailer, Christian
name: Syllwasschy, Lara
name: Bray, Sian
name: Ahmadi, Hassan
name: Krämer, Ute
name: Yant, Levi
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: It is a plausible hypothesis that parallel adaptation events to the same environmental challenge should result in genetic changes of similar or identical effects, depending on the underlying fitness landscapes. However, systematic testing of this is scarce. Here we examine this hypothesis in two closely related plant species, Arabidopsis halleri and Arabidopsis arenosa, which co-occur at two calamine metalliferous sites harbouring toxic levels of the heavy metals zinc and cadmium. We conduct individual genome resequencing alongside soil elemental analysis for 64 plants from eight populations on metalliferous and non-metalliferous soils, and identify genomic footprints of selection and local adaptation. Selective sweep and environmental association analyses indicate a modest degree of gene as well as functional network convergence, whereby the proximal molecular factors mediating this convergence mostly differ between site pairs and species. Notably, we observe repeated selection on identical SNPs in several A. halleri genes at two independently colonized metalliferous sites. Our data suggest that species-specific metal handling and other biological features could explain a low degree of convergence between species. The parallel establishment of plant populations on calamine metalliferous soils involves convergent evolution, which will likely be more pervasive across sites purposely chosen for maximal similarity in soil composition.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Convergent evolution in the genomics era: new insights and directions’.
Momentum relaxation from the fluid/gravity correspondence
Creators: name: Blake, Mike
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a hydrodynamical description of a holographic theory with broken translation invariance. We use the fluid/gravity correspondence to systematically obtain both the constitutive relations for the currents and the Ward identity for momentum relaxation in a derivative expansion. Beyond leading order in the strength of momentum relaxation, our results differ from a model previously proposed by Hartnoll et al. As an application of these techniques we consider charge and heat transport in the boundary theory. We derive the low frequency thermoelectric transport coefficients of the holographic theory from the linearised hydrodynamics.
description: 19 pages + appendix, v2: references added, typos corrected, v3: version published in JHEP
On the integrated continuum radio spectrum of supernova remnant W44 (G34.7-0.4): new insights from Planck
Creators: name: Onić, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, the integrated continuum radio spectrum of supernova remnant (SNR) W44 was analyzed up to 70 GHz, testing the different emission models that can be responsible for its particular shape. The observations by the Planck space telescope made possible to analyze the high frequency part of radio emission from SNRs. Although the quality of radio continuum spectrum (a high scatter of data points at same frequencies) prevents us to make definite conclusions, the possibility of spinning dust emission detection towards this remnant is emphasized. In addition, a concave-down feature, due to synchrotron losses, can not be definitely dismissed by the present knowledge of the integrated radio continuum spectrum of this SNR.
description: submitted to Serb. Astron. J.; minor revision
Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Expression Protects Oligodendrocytes from the Deleterious Effects of Interferon-
Creators: name: Kemper, April
name: Strand, Krystal
name: Balabanov, Roumen
name: Ji, Yeon Lee
name: Popko, Brian
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) is a pleiotropic cytokine produced by T cells and natural killer cells that has been implicated as a deleterious factor in the immune-mediated demyelinating disorder multiple sclerosis. In vitro, purified developing and mature oligodendrocytes have been shown to die in the presence of IFN-gamma by apoptosis and necrosis, respectively. Moreover, transgenic expression of IFN-gamma in the CNS of mice during development results in tremor, hypomyelination, and oligodendrocyte cell loss, and IFN-gamma expression in adult animals after demyelinating insults inhibits remyelination. To examine the molecular mechanisms of IFN-gamma-induced oligodendrocyte injury, we generated a transgenic mouse line [PLP/SOCS1 (proteolipid protein/suppressor of cytokine signaling 1)] that exhibits diminished oligodendrocyte responsiveness to IFN-gamma attributable to the targeted expression of SOCS1 in these cells. We demonstrate that oligodendrocytes in the PLP/SOCS1 transgenic mice are protected against the injurious effect of IFN-gamma. Our data indicate that IFN-gamma exerts a direct deleterious effect on developing oligodendrocytes. The capacity of SOCS1 to inhibit the effects of IFN-gamma suggests a therapeutic approach toward protection of myelinating oligodendrocytes against the harmful effects of inflammation.
Table S1 from Convergent evolution in Arabidopsis halleri and Arabidopsis arenosa on calamine metalliferous soils
Creators: name: Preite, Veronica
name: Sailer, Christian
name: Syllwasschy, Lara
name: Bray, Sian
name: Ahmadi, Hassan
name: Krämer, Ute
name: Yant, Levi
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: It is a plausible hypothesis that parallel adaptation events to the same environmental challenge should result in genetic changes of similar or identical effects, depending on the underlying fitness landscapes. However, systematic testing of this is scarce. Here we examine this hypothesis in two closely related plant species, Arabidopsis halleri and Arabidopsis arenosa, which co-occur at two calamine metalliferous sites harbouring toxic levels of the heavy metals zinc and cadmium. We conduct individual genome resequencing alongside soil elemental analysis for 64 plants from eight populations on metalliferous and non-metalliferous soils, and identify genomic footprints of selection and local adaptation. Selective sweep and environmental association analyses indicate a modest degree of gene as well as functional network convergence, whereby the proximal molecular factors mediating this convergence mostly differ between site pairs and species. Notably, we observe repeated selection on identical SNPs in several A. halleri genes at two independently colonized metalliferous sites. Our data suggest that species-specific metal handling and other biological features could explain a low degree of convergence between species. The parallel establishment of plant populations on calamine metalliferous soils involves convergent evolution, which will likely be more pervasive across sites purposely chosen for maximal similarity in soil composition.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Convergent evolution in the genomics era: new insights and directions’.
(1295) William Gadd
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Diffusive cosmic ray acceleration at relativistic shock waves with magnetostatic turbulence
Creators: name: Schlickeiser, Reinhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The analytical theory of diffusive cosmic ray acceleration at parallel stationary shock waves with magnetostatic turbulence is generalized to arbitrary shock speeds $V_s=β_1c$, including in particular relativistic speeds. This is achieved by applying the diffusion approximation to the relevant Fokker-Planck particle transport equation formulated in the mixed comoving coordinate system. In this coordinate system the particle's momentum coordinates $p$ and $μ=p_{\parallel }/p$ are taken in the rest frame of the streaming plasma, whereas the time and space coordinates are taken in the observer's system. For magnetostatic slab turbulence the diffusion-convection transport equation for the isotropic (in the rest frame of the streaming plasma) part of the particle's phase space density is derived. For a step-wise shock velocity profile the steady-state diffusion-convection transport equation is solved. For a symmetric pitch-angle scattering Fokker-Planck coefficient $D_{μμ}(-μ)=D_{μμ}(μ)$ the steady-state solution is independent of the microphysical scattering details. For nonrelativistic mono-momentum particle injection at the shock the differential number density of accelerated particles is a Lorentzian-type distribution function which at large momenta approaches a power law distribution function $N(p\ge p_c)\propto p^{-ξ}$ with the spectral index $ξ(β_1) =1+[3/(Γ_1\sqrt{r^2-β_1^2}-1)(1+3β_1^2)]$. For nonrelativistic ($β_1\ll 1$) shock speeds this spectral index agrees with the known result $ξ(β_1\ll 1)\simeq (r+2)/(r-1)$, whereas for ultrarelativistic ($Γ_1\gg 1$) shock speeds the spectral index value is close to unity.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures
Remote Entanglement by Coherent Multiplication of Concurrent Quantum Signals
Creators: name: Roy, Ananda
name: Jiang, Liang
name: Stone, A. Douglas
name: Devoret, Michel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Concurrent remote entanglement of distant, non-interacting quantum entities is a crucial function for quantum information processing. In contrast with the existing protocols which employ addition of signals to generate entanglement between two remote qubits, the protocol we present is based on multiplication of signals. This protocol can be straightforwardly implemented by a novel Josephson junction mixing circuit. Our scheme would be able to generate provable entanglement even in presence of practical imperfections: finite quantum efficiency of detectors and undesired photon loss in current state-of-the-art devices.
Close Homolog of L1 and Neuropilin 1 Mediate Guidance of Thalamocortical Axons at the Ventral Telencephalon
Creators: name: Demyanenko, Galina P.
name: Polleux, Franck
name: Maness, Patricia F.
name: Schachner, Melitta
name: Wright, Amanda G.
name: Enriquez-Barreto, Lilian
name: Tran, Tracy S.
name: Powell, Ashton
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: We report a cooperation between the neural adhesion molecule close homolog of L1 (CHL1) and the semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) receptor, neuropilin 1 (Npn1), important for establishment of area-specific thalamocortical projections. CHL1 deletion in mice selectively disrupted the projection of somatosensory thalamic axons from the ventrobasal (VB) nuclei, causing them to shift caudally and target the visual cortex. At the ventral telencephalon, an intermediate target with graded Sema3A expression, VB axons were caudally shifted in CHL1
Investigating the AGN activity and black hole masses in Low Surface brightness galaxies
Creators: name: Subramanian., Smitha
name: S., Ramya.
name: Das., Mousumi
name: George., Koshy
name: Sivarani, T.
name: Prabhu, T. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of the optical nuclear spectra from the active galactic nuclei (AGN) in a sample of giant low surface brightness (GLSB) galaxies. GLSB galaxies are extreme late type spirals that are large, isolated and poorly evolved compared to regular spiral galaxies. Earlier studies have indicated that their nuclei have relatively low mass black holes. Using data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), we selected a sample of 30 GLSB galaxies that showed broad H$α$ emission lines in their AGN spectra. In some galaxies such as UGC 6284, the broad component of H$α$ is more related to outflows rather than the black hole. One galaxy (UGC 6614) showed two broad components in H$α$, one associated with the black hole and the other associated with an outflow event. We derived the nuclear black hole (BH) masses of 29 galaxies from their broad H$α$ parameters. We find that the nuclear BH masses lie in the range $10^{5}-10^{7} M_{\odot}$. The bulge stellar velocity dispersion $σ_{e}$ was determined from the underlying stellar spectra. We compared our results with the existing BH mass - velocity dispersion ($M_{BH}-σ_{e}$) correlations and found that the majority of our sample lie in the low BH mass regime and below the $M_{BH}-σ_{e}$ correlation. The effects of galaxy orientation in the measurement of $σ_e$ and the increase of $σ_e$ due to the effects of bar are probable reasons for the observed offset for some galaxies, but in many galaxies the offset is real. A possible explanation for the $M_{BH}-σ_{e}$ offset could be lack of mergers and accretion events in the history of these galaxies which leads to a lack of BH-bulge co-evolution. \keywords{galaxies: active, galaxies: bulges, galaxies: nuclei}
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, To be published in the proceedings of IAU Symposium 312
Sentiment analysis and opinion mining on educational data: A survey
Creators: name: Shaik, Thanveer
name: Tao, Xiaohui
name: Dann, Christopher
name: Xie, Haoran
name: Li, Yan
name: Galligan, Linda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Sentiment analysis AKA opinion mining is one of the most widely used NLP applications to identify human intentions from their reviews. In the education sector, opinion mining is used to listen to student opinions and enhance their learning-teaching practices pedagogically. With advancements in sentiment annotation techniques and AI methodologies, student comments can be labelled with their sentiment orientation without much human intervention. In this review article, (1) we consider the role of emotional analysis in education from four levels: document level, sentence level, entity level, and aspect level, (2) sentiment annotation techniques including lexicon-based and corpus-based approaches for unsupervised annotations are explored, (3) the role of AI in sentiment analysis with methodologies like machine learning, deep learning, and transformers are discussed, (4) the impact of sentiment analysis on educational procedures to enhance pedagogy, decision-making, and evaluation are presented. Educational institutions have been widely invested to build sentiment analysis tools and process their student feedback to draw their opinions and insights. Applications built on sentiment analysis of student feedback are reviewed in this study. Challenges in sentiment analysis like multi-polarity, polysemous, negation words, and opinion spam detection are explored and their trends in the research space are discussed. The future directions of sentiment analysis in education are discussed.
(1292) Herbert Russell
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Supplementary methods from Convergent evolution in Arabidopsis halleri and Arabidopsis arenosa on calamine metalliferous soils
Creators: name: Preite, Veronica
name: Sailer, Christian
name: Syllwasschy, Lara
name: Bray, Sian
name: Ahmadi, Hassan
name: Krämer, Ute
name: Yant, Levi
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: It is a plausible hypothesis that parallel adaptation events to the same environmental challenge should result in genetic changes of similar or identical effects, depending on the underlying fitness landscapes. However, systematic testing of this is scarce. Here we examine this hypothesis in two closely related plant species, Arabidopsis halleri and Arabidopsis arenosa, which co-occur at two calamine metalliferous sites harbouring toxic levels of the heavy metals zinc and cadmium. We conduct individual genome resequencing alongside soil elemental analysis for 64 plants from eight populations on metalliferous and non-metalliferous soils, and identify genomic footprints of selection and local adaptation. Selective sweep and environmental association analyses indicate a modest degree of gene as well as functional network convergence, whereby the proximal molecular factors mediating this convergence mostly differ between site pairs and species. Notably, we observe repeated selection on identical SNPs in several A. halleri genes at two independently colonized metalliferous sites. Our data suggest that species-specific metal handling and other biological features could explain a low degree of convergence between species. The parallel establishment of plant populations on calamine metalliferous soils involves convergent evolution, which will likely be more pervasive across sites purposely chosen for maximal similarity in soil composition.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Convergent evolution in the genomics era: new insights and directions’.
Recursive integral method for transmission eigenvalues
Creators: name: Huang, Ruihao
name: Struthers, Allan A.
name: Sun, Jiguang
name: Zhang, Ruming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Recently, a new eigenvalue problem, called the transmission eigenvalue problem, has attracted many researchers. The problem arose in inverse scattering theory for inhomogeneous media and has important applications in a variety of inverse problems for target identification and nondestructive testing. The problem is numerically challenging because it is non-selfadjoint and nonlinear. In this paper, we propose a recursive integral method for computing transmission eigenvalues from a finite element discretization of the continuous problem. The method, which overcomes some difficulties of existing methods, is based on eigenprojectors of compact operators. It is self-correcting, can separate nearby eigenvalues, and does not require an initial approximation based on some a priori spectral information. These features make the method well suited for the transmission eigenvalue problem whose spectrum is complicated. Numerical examples show that the method is effective and robust.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures
Spectrographs and Spectroscopists for the Sandage Test
Creators: name: Cristiani, S.
name: Boutsia, K.
name: Calderone, G.
name: Cupani, G.
name: D'Odorico, V.
name: Fontanot, F.
name: Grazian, A.
name: Guarneri, F.
name: Martins, C.
name: Pasquini, L.
name: Porru, M.
name: Vanzella, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The redshift drift is a small, dynamic change in the redshift of objects following the Hubble flow. Its measurement provides a direct, real-time, model-independent mapping of the expansion rate of the Universe. It is fundamentally different from other cosmological probes: instead of mapping our (present-day) past light-cone, it directly compares different past light-cones. Being independent of any assumptions on gravity, geometry or clustering, it directly tests the pillars of the Lambda-CDM paradigm. Recent theoretical studies have uncovered unique synergies with other cosmological probes, including the characterization of the physical properties of dark energy. At the time of the original proposal by Sandage (1962) the expected change in the redshift of objects at cosmological distances appeared to be exceedingly small for reasonable observing times and beyond technological capabilities. In the last decades progress in the spectrographs (e.g. ESPRESSO), in the collecting area of telescopes and in the samples of cosmic beacons, enabled by new datasets and new machine-learning-based selections, have drastically changed the situation, bringing the Redshift Drift Grail within reach. As a consequence, this measurement is a flagship objective of the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT), specifically of its high-resolution spectrograph, ANDES.
description: Proceedings of the Conference "Past, Present and Future of Astrophysical Spectroscopy", Trieste, 6-10 June 2022; accepted for publication; 8 pages, 4 figures
Conditional Knock-Out of Kir4.1 Leads to Glial Membrane Depolarization, Inhibition of Potassium and Glutamate Uptake, and Enhanced Short-Term Synaptic Potentiation
Creators: name: Casper, Kristen B.
name: McCarthy, Ken D.
name: Philpot, Benjamin D.
name: Chin, Lih Shen
name: Djukic, Biljana
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: During neuronal activity, extracellular potassium concentration ([K
Development of Hydrocephalus in Mice Expressing the Gi-Coupled GPCR Ro1 RASSL Receptor in Astrocytes
Creators: name: Sweger, Elizabeth J.
name: Conklin, Bruce R.
name: McCarthy, Ken D.
name: Scearce-Levie, Kimberly
name: Casper, Kristen B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: We developed a transgenic mouse line that expresses the G
Chaplygin Gas of Tachyon Nature Imposed by Symmetry and Constrained via H(z) Data
Creators: name: Collodel, Lucas Gardai
name: Kremer, Gilberto Medeiros
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An action of general form is proposed for a Universe containing matter, radiation and dark energy. The latter is interpreted as a tachyon field non-minimally coupled to the scalar curvature. The Palatini approach is used when varying the action so the connection is given by a more generic form. Both the self-interaction potential and the non-minimally coupling function are obtained by constraining the system to present invariability under global point transformation of the fields (Noether Symmetry). The only possible solution is shown to be that of minimal coupling and constant potential (Chaplygin gas). The behavior of the dynamical properties of the system is compared to recent observational data, which infers that the tachyon field must indeed be dynamical.
Transforming unstructured biomedical texts with large language models
Creators: name: J. Harry Caufield
name: Harshad Hegde
name: Emonet, Vincent
name: Nomi Harris
name: Joachimiak, Marcin
name: Matentzoglu, Nicolas
name: Moxon, Sierra
name: Reese, Justin
name: Haendel, Melissa
name: Robinson, Peter
name: Mungall, Christopher
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2023

description: Creating biological knowledge bases and ontologies relies on time-consuming curation. Newly-emerging approaches driven by artificial intelligence and natural language processing can assist curators in populating these knowledge bases, but current approaches rely on extensive training data and are unable to populate arbitrarily complex nested knowledge schemas. We have developed Structured Prompt Interrogation and Recursive Extraction of Semantics (SPIRES), a Knowledge Extraction approach that relies on the ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to perform zero-shot learning (ZSL) and general-purpose query answering from flexible prompts and return information conforming to a schema. Given a user-defined schema and an input text, SPIRES recursively queries GPT-3+ to obtain responses matching the schema. SPIRES uses existing ontologies and vocabularies to provide identifiers for all matched elements. SPIRES may be applied to varied tasks, including extraction of cellular signaling pathways, disease treatments, drug mechanisms, and chemical to disease causation graphs. This approach offers easy customization, flexibility, and the ability to perform new tasks in the absence of any additional training data. SPIRES supports a strategy of leveraging the language interpreting capabilities of LLMs to assemble knowledge bases, assisting manual knowledge curation and acquisition while supporting validation with publicly-available databases and ontologies external to the LLM.
Immediate Reward Bias in Humans: Fronto-Parietal Networks and a Role for the Catechol-O-Methyltransferase 158Val/Val Genotype
Creators: name: Mitchell, Jennifer M.
name: Tavares, Venessa C.
name: Fields, Howard L.
name: Boettiger, Charlotte A.
name: Robertson, Margaret
name: D'Esposito, Mark
name: Joslyn, Geoff
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: The tendency to choose lesser immediate benefits over greater long-term benefits characterizes alcoholism and other addictive disorders. However, despite its medical and socioeconomic importance, little is known about its neurobiological mechanisms. Brain regions that are activated when deciding between immediate or delayed rewards have been identified (