Macronotops olivaceofuscus
Creators: name: Qiu, Jian-Yue
name: Xu, Hao
name: Chen, Li
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Scarabaeidae
Macronotops
Macronotops olivaceofuscus

description: Macronotops olivaceofuscus (Bourgoin, 1916) revised status
(Figs. 12–13, 35–36, 59–60, 90–91, 117, 129, 159–164, 215–216, 235–237, 248, 258, 260, 269–275, 305–308)
Macronota olivaceofusca Bourgoin, 1916: 136 (Fo-kien, Chine [= Fujian, SE. China])*; Schenkling 1921: 141; Winkler 1929:
1120; Mao 1937: 1085. Pleuronota olivaceofusca (Bourgoin): Mikšić 1971: 208. Pleuronota vuilleti olivaceofusca (Bourgoin): Mikšić 1976: 172 (demoted to subspecies rank) (Sichuan and Zhejiang, China). Macronotops vuilleti olivaceofusca (Bourgoin): Krikken 1977: 208; Krajčík 1998: 90; Smetana 2006: 307; Krajčík 2011: 59;
Krajčík 2012: 152. Macronotops vuilleti olivaceofuscus (Bourgoin): Bezděk 2016: 403. Pleuronota subsexmaculata Ma, 1992a: 438 (type locality: Mount Tianmushan, Zhejiang, China)*, figs. 1344-1–3; Ma 1995:
37, figs. 28a–c; Krajčík 1998: 92. New synonym. Macronotops subsexmaculata (Ma): Antoine 2000: 132; Smetana 2006: 307; Krajčík 2011: 59; Krajčík 2012: 152. Macronotops subsexmaculatus (Ma): Bezděk 2016: 403. Pleuronota sexmaculata nec Kraatz: Ma 1992b: 526 (Wolong, Whenchuan, Sichuan, China), fig. 1 ♀; Ma 1995: 38; Ma 2002:
367 (Jianyang, Fujian, China); Dai et al. 2002: 7 (Wolong, Sichuan, China).
Type material. Holotype of Macronotops olivaceofuscus (by monotypy, ♂, BMHN, Figs. 235–237) labeled: Chine, Fo-Kien [pale yellow label] // Bourgoin Coll., B. M. 1938-252 [pale yellow label] // Macronota aeneofusca Bourgoin Type ♂ MS [white label with red right edge] // Holotype [white label with red border] // Macronota olivaceofusca Bourg., M. E. Bacchus det 1975., HOLOTYPE [white label]. The name Macronota aeneofusca on the handwritten label was never used and was presumably changed before Bourgoin (1916) published.
One female paratype of Macronotops subsexmaculatus cannot be located, and the label data was given as follows according to the original publication (Ma 1992a): 15.VII.1988, 1,300 m, Mount Tianpingshan, Sangzhi County, Hunan province. Other eight type specimens of Macronotops subsexmaculatus (Ma, 1992) were examined in IZAS: holotype (♂) labeled: 20.VII.1936, Tienmushan, O. PIEL coll.; allotype (♀) labeled: 27.VII.1937, Tienmushan; other 6 paratypes: 2♂♂, 20.VII.1936, Tienmushan; 1♀, 9.VIII.1937, Tienmushan; 1♀, 5.VIII.1935, Tienmushan; 1♀, 27.VII.1947, Tienmushan; 1♀, VII.1978, Mount Mangshan, Pingkeng [in Yizhang County, Hunan province].
Additional material examined (102♂♂, 98♀♀). CHINA: Chongqing: 1♀ (SWU), 3.VIII.1992, Lake Dahonghu, Mount Simianshan Nature Reserve, Jiangjin, 1,200 m, You-Ping YIN // Pleuronota sexmaculata Kraatz, det. Wen-Zhen MA; 2♂♂, 1♀ (QCCC), Mount Jiuchongshan National Forest Park, Bengxihe, Miaoba, Chengkou County, 1,140 m, Jian-Yue QIU & Hao XU, 3 nd instar in rotten wood 6.X.2013, adult emerged V.2014; 2♀♀ (QCCC), 31.VII.2011, Mount Simianshan Nature Reserve, Jiangjin, 1,350 m, Jian-Yue QIU & Hao XU; 40♂♂, 44♀♀ (QCCC), Mount Simianshan Nature Reserve, Jiangjin, 1,260m, Jian-Yue QIU & Hao XU, 3 nd instar in rotten wood 16.III.2014, adult emerged V.2014; 4♂♂, 10♀♀ (QCCC), Mount Simianshan Nature Reserve, Jiangjin, 1,200m, Jian-Yue QIU & Hao XU, 3 nd instar in rotten wood 10.II.2015, adult emerged V.2015; 2♂♂, 1♀ (QCCC), Mt. Simianshan, Xiangbiling, Jiangjin, 1,400 m, Hao XU, 3 nd instar larvae in rotten wood 16.X.2017, adult emerged V.2018; Fujian: 1♂ (MNHN), Chine Kuatun Fukien, Tschung-Sen, 6.9.46, Pleuronota olivaceofusca Bourgoin, G. Ruter det. 19// Macronotops olivaceofusca (Bourgoin), J. –Ph. Legrand, det. 2010; 1♀ (MNHN), Chine Kuatun Fukien, Tschung-Sen, 18.8.[19]46; 1♀ (MHNG), Kuatun, Fukien China, 27.7.[19]46, TSCHUNG SEN.// Macronota olivaceofusca Bourgoin, det. H. Schein 1955 / vielleicht [vuilleti] synonym zu M. fulvoguttata Fairm.?; 1♂ (QCCC), 1–10.IX.2009, Mount Wuyishan Nature Reserve, Guadun, Tongmu, Xingcun, Wuyishan, Hao HUANG; 1♂ (QCCC), 23.VII.2011, Mount Wuyishan Nature Reserve, Guadun, Tongmu, Xingcun, Wuyishan, Peng-Yu LIU; Guangxi: 2♂♂ (QCCC), 10.VI.2015, Mount Dayaoshan, Jinxiu County, 1,200 m, Jin-Teng ZHAO; Guizhou: 2♂♂, 1♀ (QCCC), 27–30.VII.2013, Mount Leigongshan Nature Reserve, Queniao, Fangxiang, Leishan County, 1,540 m, Jian-Yue QIU & Hao XU; 2♂♂, 1♀ (QCCC), Mount Leigongshan Nature Reserve, Queniao, Fangxiang, Leishan County, 1,540 m, Jian-Yue QIU & Hao XU, 3 nd instar in rotten wood 30.VIII.2014, adult emerged V.2015; 1♂ (QCCC), Mount Doupengshan, Duyun, Tian-Yong YANG, 3 nd instar in rotten wood 29.IV.2017, adult emerged VI.2017; 1♀ (QCCC), 11–15.VII.2015, Mount Leigongshan Nature Reserve, Leishan County, Bo-Yan LI; 1♂ (QCCC), Luosike Nature Reserve, Duyun, 1,440 m, Ye-Jie LIN, 3 nd instar in rotten wood 25.I.2018, adult emerged V.2018; Henan: 2♂♂, 5♀♀ (QCCC), Baotianman Nature Reserve, Neixiang County, 1,200 m, Yan SHI & Xin-Ran LI, 3 nd instar in rotten wood 7.X.2014, adult emerged V.2015; 1♀ (QCCC), Baotianman Nature Reserve, Neixiang County, 1,200 m, George GESHEV; 1♂ (QCCC), 22– 25.VIII.2018, Baotianman Nature Reserve, Neixiang County, 1,200 m, George GESHEV; Hubei: 1♂ (YUJC), 17.VII.2008, Changleping, Wufeng County, Yu-Xiang YAO; 1♀ (YUJC), 16.VII.2002, Houhe, Wufeng County, Shui-Bing LAO; 1♀ (YUJC), 17.VII.2002, Houhe, Wufeng County, Shuai YAN; 1♀ (QCCC), 28.VII.2018, Houhe Nature Reserve, Bodaoling, Wufeng County, Jian-Yue QIU & Hao XU; 1♂ (YUJC), 20.VII.2003, Songbai, Shennongjia Forest Area, 900– 1,300 m, Jun-Kun SHAO; 1♂ (YUJC), 7.VII.2016, Shiqiaoping, Yesanguan, Badong County, Jie HU; 1♂ (QCCC), Mount Qizimeishan Nature Reserve, Houhe, Changtanhe, Xuan’en County, 1,100 m, Jian-Yue QIU & Hao XU, 3 nd instar in rotten wood 1.I.2015, adult emerged V.2015; 1♂ (QCCC), Wudaoxia, Baokang County, 700 m, Mao YE, 3 nd instar in rotten wood 16.III.2013, adult emerged V.2013; 2♂♂ (QCCC), Wudaoxia, Baokang County, 700 m, Mao YE, 3 nd instar in rotten wood 4.IV.2016, adult emerged V.2016; 1♀ (QCCC), IX.1992, Changyang, An-Ming CHEN; Shaanxi: 2♂♂, 1♀ (QCCC), Mount Tianhuashan, Luoboyugou, Chaijiaguan, Simudi, Ningshan County, 1,200 m, Shun-Hua GUI, 3 nd instar in rotten wood 6.X.2013, adult emerged V.2014; Sichuan: 1♀ (MNHN), Siao-Lou Lou-Chan, 1899, Chasseurs indigènes; 1♂ (MNHN), Siao-Lou, 1900, Chasseurs indigènes; 1♂ (MNHN), Siao-Lou, Chasseurs indigenes, 1894; 1♂ (MNHN), Su- Tchuen, Siao-Lou, 1897; 1♀ (SCUM), 28.VIII.1962, Mount Emeishan, Temple Wanniansi, Leshan, Zhao-Ke CHEN; 4♂♂, 2♀♀ (QCCC), Labahe Nature Reserve, Tianquan County, 1,700 m, Jian-Yue QIU & Hao XU, 3 nd instar in rotten wood 4.X.2014, adult emerged V.2015; 1♂ (QCCC), Longcanggou National Forest Park, Yingjing County, 1,600 m, Jian-Yue QIU & Hao XU, 3 nd instar in rotten wood 4.X.2015, adult emerged V.2016; 1♂, 1♀ (QCCC), Mount Emeishan, Leshan,, 1,400 m, Chao ZHOU, 3 nd instar in rotten wood 28.VIII.2014, adult emerged V.2015; 1♀ (LQCL), 24.VIII.2014, Mount Emeishan, Qiliping, Hongya County, 1,000–1,200 m, Chao ZHOU; 1♀ (QCCC), 28.VIII.2014, Mount Emeishan, Leshan, 1,400 m, Chao ZHOU; 1♂, 1♀ (QCCC), Mount Jiguanshan, Chongzhou, 1,100 m, Chao ZHOU, 3 nd instar in rotten wood 17.II.2016, adult emerged V.2016; 1♂, 1♀ (QCCC), Jiulonggou, Sanlang, Chongzhou, 1,100 m, Chao ZHOU, 3 nd instar in rotten wood 28.IV.2016, adult emerged V.2016; 8♂♂, 3♀♀ (QCCC), Jiulonggou, Sanlang, Chongzhou, 1,100 m, Chao ZHOU, 3 nd instar in rotten wood 21.I.2017, adult emerged V.2017; 1♀ (QCCC), Wushan, Dayi County, Chao ZHOU, 3 nd instar in rotten wood 24.I.2017, adult emerged V.2017; 5♂♂, 3♀♀ (QCCC), Jiulonggou, Sanlang, Chongzhou, 1,400 m, Jian-Yue QIU, 3 nd instar larvae in rotten wood 16.XI.2017, adult emerged V.2018; Yunnan: 2♂♂, 1♀ (QCCC), Mount Daweishan Nature Reserve, Pingbian County, 1,600 m, Jian-Yue QIU & Hao XU, 3 nd instar in rotten wood 1.III.2015, adult emerged V.2015; Zhejiang: 1♂ (ZJUH), Mount Fengyangshan, Longquan County, Li ZHAN; 1♀ (QCCC), Mount Longquanshan, Longquan County, 1,500 m, Wei LIU, 3 nd instar in rotten wood 4–6.X.2011, adult emerged IV.2012; 1♂, 2♀♀ (QCCC), VIII.2008, Mount Tianmushan Nature Reserve, Lin’an; 1♂ (QCCC), 13.VII.2017, Mount Tianmushan Nature Reserve, Lin’an, Li-Na CHEN; 1♀ (QCCC), 3–6.VII.2014, Mount Tianmushan Nature Reserve, Lin’an, Ze-Hua WANG; 1♀ (ZZYC), 15.VII.2018, Mount Tianmushan Nature Reserve, Lin’an, 1,200– 1,400 m, Zi-Zhou YU. VIETNAM: 1♂, 2♀♀ (QCCC), V.2014, Ha Giang; 2♂♂ (KSCJ), 30.VI.1998, Mt. Pia Oac, Cao Bang.
Redescription (male). General: Body length 15.0–19.0 mm; width 6.5–8.5 mm, widest at humeral umbone, gradually narrowed backward. Body reddish-brown to dark brown. Surface with fulvous, brown, light yellow and black setae, and yellow tomentous maculae. Head: Dark brown. Dorsal surface with dense setiferous punctures; setae short, fulvous, longer on frons. Anterior margin of clypeus nearly straight and slightly raised. Frons flat (Fig. 12). Maxillary palpus and labial palpus brown. Antenna yellowish-brown; antennal club long, about 1.5 times length of antennomeres 2–7 combined; inner side of antennomere 8 with short, dense, fulvous setae (Fig. 12). Ventral surface clad with long, fulvous, setae (Fig. 160). Pronotum: Brown. Widest at the middle, basomedian area depressed. Lateral margin curved; posterior margin distinctly protruded. Surface densely clad with setiferous punctures; setae short, fulvous (or reddish-brown and black). Scutellum: Brown, with sparse, fulvous or light yellow setae. Elytron: Reddish-brown to brown; with posthumeral macula, lateral macula, and median macula; without distal macula. Surface densely clad with setae; setae long between sutural and discolateral costae; setae light yellow on maculae; setae dark brown on lateral declivity; setae fulvous or dark brown on the rest of elytron; humeral umbone glabrous (Fig. 159). Mesepimeron: Dark brown to black; with a small yellow macula; surface clad with light yellow setae. Metepisternum and metepimeron: Black, with light yellow (or dark brown) setae. Sternum: Preprosternum black, glabrous. Mesosternum black, with sparse, light yellow setae. Mesometasternal process short, glabrous, black, apex rounded; mesometasternal suture depressed, with long, fulvous setae. Metasternum black, with sparse, light yellow or brown setae; middle portion glabrous (Fig. 160). Pygidium: Dark brown; surface clad with short, dense, brown or light yellow setae; a large, round, yellow macula in middle (Fig. 90). Abdomen: Brown. Without median groove. Six abdominal sternites visible; sternites evenly clad with dense, setae; setae on sternite II long, fulvous; setae on sternites III–V short, light yellow, but longer on sides; setae near posterior margin of sternite VI long, orange; sternite VII almost glabrous, with sparse, short setae on sides. Sternites II–V densely clad with fulvous and black setae in dorsal and lateral portion (Fig. 160). Legs: Slender, simple. Metacoxa black, with light yellow long setae. Femora and tibia dark brown, with long, fulvous and light yellow setae. Tiny teeth between 3 large teeth of protibia distinct (Fig. 35); mesotibia and metatibia with a spine near the middle of outer margin; metatibia with a row of brush-like, fulvous setae along inner margin (Figs. 159– 160); dorsal tooth of metatibia shorter than basitarsus of metatarsus (Fig. 59); outer tooth small, short. Tarsi brown; basitarsus of metatarsus without cluster of long setae (Fig. 59). Genitalia: Parameres narrow, long; apex rounded, slightly expanded. Interparameral split wide; base with membrane, distinctly divided in medial. Median lobe ribbon-like; nearly twice length of paramere (Fig. 117).
Female. Body length 16.0–19.0 mm; width 6.5–9.0 mm. Except for sexual dimorphism characteristics of the genus, pygidium usually with a smaller yellow macula (Fig. 91); dorsal and outer teeth of metatibia large, and shorter than or as long as basitarsus of metatarsus (Fig. 60); setae on mesotibia and metatibia sparser and shorter.
Variability. The color of setae covering body surface gradually becomes darker in individuals from northern to southern area (Figs. 161–162, 164). Median maculae are absent in some individuals (Figs. 161, 164). Few specimens with a small yellow macula close to the posterior margin on each side of abdominal sternites II–III, or sternites II–IV.
Differential diagnosis. Length of clypeus almost equal to width. Antenna yellowish-brown (Figs. 12–13). Dorsal surface largely clad with short, fulvous setae. Elytra with posthumeral maculae, median maculae, and lateral maculae (Figs. 159, 162). Pygidium with a large yellow macula (Figs. 90–91). Abdominal sides without yellow maculae (Figs. 160, 163); male abdomen without median groove. Legs dark brown; protibia with distinctly tiny tooth (Figs. 35–36); dorsal tooth of male metatibia shorter than basitarsus of metatarsus (Fig. 59); basitarsus of male metatarsus without cluster of long setae (Fig. 59).
This species is similar to M. sexmaculatus, but can be distinguished by male antennal club distinctly shorter (Fig. 12), protibia with tiny teeth (Figs. 35–36), abdominal sides without yellow maculae (Figs. 160, 163), male abdomen without longitudinal groove, dorsal tooth of male metatibia shorter than basitarsus of metatarsus (Fig. 59), basitarsus of male metatarsus without cluster of long setae (Fig. 59), and median lobe ribbon-like (Fig. 117).
Distribution. China: Chongqing (new provincial record), Fujian, Guangxi (new provincial record), Guizhou (new provincial record), Henan (new provincial record), Hubei (new provincial record), Hunan, Shaanxi (new provincial record), Sichuan, Yunnan (new provincial record), Zhejiang; Vietnam (new country record).
Natural history. Adults were observed feeding sap of trees (Fagaceae) in late July in Mount Tianmushan (Zhejiang, Fig. 275), Mount Simianshan (Chongqing), and Mount Leigognshan (Guizhou), while third instar larvae can be found in the field as early as late August in Sichuan and Guizhou. In mid March 2014, a large rotten tree under humid woodland was found in Mount Simianshan of Chongqing, China. More than 100 mature larvae were found under the bark (Figs. 270–272), and about 90 larvae were brought back to rear, and 84 adults later emerged in May of the next year. Few of them were bred in a large container for reproduction. The larvae of the new generation developed well in May and June at the room temperature of Chongqing. Unfortunately, the authors forgot to place them in temperature-controlled environment and they all died of heat in July; the room temperature of Chongqing are usually above 30° C in summer. Almost all larvae collected afterward were successfully emerged under the temperature-controlled conditions. In later July 2018, a living female was observed in a rotten trunk laying on a slope of the humid woodland in Houhe Nature Reserve of Hubei.
Remarks. Both Macronotops olivaceofuscus and M. vuilleti were originally described based on a single male specimen (Bourgoin 1916). By checking types and several additional materials of M. olivaceofuscus, Mikšić (1976) demoted it as a subspecies of M. vuilleti. Since the differences of antenna, protibia, maculae on body surface, and male genitalia are very distinct and consistent, here we treat M. olivaceofuscus as independent species. Ma (1992a) described a Chinese species M. subsexmaculatus based on the specimens from Zhejiang and Hunan, but her new species and M. olivaceofuscus are definite the same species by examination of type specimens, and Pleuronota subsexmaculata Ma is therefore placed as a junior synonym.
Macronotops olivaceofuscus was previously known from Fujian (the type locality), Hunan, Sichuan, and Zhejiang (Mikšić 1976; Ma 1992a), while the specimens we examined ranging from Yunnan and Vietnam in the south, to Shaanxi and Henan in the north where are both located at the south side of the Qinling mountain range (see map, Fig. 258). Obviously, it is the most common species of the genus and widely distributed in southern China. However, the most often cited species of the genus in Chinese works (Ma 1992b, 1995, 2002) is M. sexmaculatus which also possessing a large yellow macula on pygidium. Macronotops sexmaculatus was reported by Ma (1992b, 1995, 2002) from western Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang, and Fujian. It is suggested that both species are widely distributed species. On the contrary, the specimens with reliable collecting data indicate that M. sexmaculatus only inhabit the mountainous along the south side of the Himalayas (Figs. 258–259), and all similar specimens we examined from the same localities in Ma (1992b, 1995, 2002) are M. olivaceofusca. Furthermore, a female of M. olivaceofuscus from Chongqing (part of Sichuan before 1997) bearing a handwritten label of Ma was found in SWU, and the label data “ Pleuronota sexmaculata Kraatz ” revealed that Ma (1992b, 1995, 2002) have confused these two species.
description: Published as part of Qiu, Jian-Yue, Xu, Hao & Chen, Li, 2019, A revision of the rare flower beetle genus Macronotops Krikken (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) from Asia with biological notes, pp. 1-65 in Zootaxa 4556 (1) on pages 31-34, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4556.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2585204