cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Baryonic Effects on Lagrangian Clustering and Angular Momentum Reconstruction
Creators: name: Sheng, Ming-Jie
name: Yu, Hao-Ran
name: Li, Sijia
name: Liao, Shihong
name: Du, Min
name: Wang, Yunchong
name: Wang, Peng
name: Xu, Kun
name: Genel, Shy
name: Irodotou, Dimitrios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent studies illustrate the correlation between the angular momenta of cosmic structures and their Lagrangian properties. However, only baryons are observable and it is unclear whether they reliably trace the cosmic angular momenta. We study the Lagrangian mass distribution, spin correlation, and predictability of dark matter, gas, and stellar components of galaxy-halo systems using IllustrisTNG, and show that the primordial segregations between components are typically small. Their protoshapes are also similar in terms of the statistics of moment of inertia tensors. Under the common gravitational potential they are expected to exert the same tidal torque and the strong spin correlations are not destroyed by the nonlinear evolution and complicated baryonic effects, as confirmed by the high-resolution hydrodynamic simulations. We further show that their late-time angular momenta traced by total gas, stars, or the central galaxies, can be reliably reconstructed by the initial perturbations. These results suggest that baryonic angular momenta can potentially be used in reconstructing the parameters and models related to the initial perturbations.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, 1 table. Matches the accepted version in ApJ
(400379) John Sanderton
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(400376) Alfred Saunderson Edward
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Carrier frequencies of eleven mutations in eight genes associated with primary ciliary dyskinesia in the Ashkenazi Jewish population
Creators: name: Knowles, Michael R.
name: Zariwala, Maimoona A.
name: Jalas, Chaim
name: Treff, Nathan R.
name: Fedick, Anastasia M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetically heterogeneous, autosomal recessive disorder that results from functional and ultrastructural abnormalities of motile cilia. Patients with PCD have diverse clinical phenotypes that include chronic upper and lower respiratory tract infections, situs inversus, heterotaxy with or without congenital heart disease, and male infertility, among others. In this report, the carrier frequencies for eleven mutations in eight PCD-associated genes (DNAI1, DNAI2, DNAH5, DNAH11, CCDC114, CCDC40, CCDC65, and C21orf59) that had been found in individuals of Ashkenazi Jewish descent were investigated in order to advise on including them in existing clinical mutation panels for this population. Results showed relatively high carrier frequencies for the DNAH5 c.7502G>C mutation (0.58%), the DNAI2 c.1304G>A mutation (0.50%), and the C21orf59 c.735C>G mutation (0.48%), as well as lower frequencies for mutations in DNAI1, CCDC65, CCDC114, and DNAH11 (0.10–0.29%). These results suggest that several of these genes should be considered for inclusion in carrier screening panels in the Ashkenazi Jewish population.
Explanation of the assumption the ant data is normally distributed for proper order statistic analysis. from Multi-robot replication of ant collective towing behaviours.
Creators: name: Wilson, Sean
name: Buffin, Aurélie
name: Pratt, Stephen C.
name: Berman, Spring
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 90301 Biomaterials
subject: FOS: Medical engineering
subject: 90602 Control Systems, Robotics and Automation
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 30402 Biomolecular Modelling and Design
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: In this work, teams of small mobile robots are used to test hypotheses about cooperative transport by ants. This study attempts to explain a decrease in steady-state transport speed with increasing team size that was previously observed in the ant Novomessor cockerelli. Two models of one-dimensional collective towing are compared: one in which transporters with different maximum speeds pull the payload with continuous, variable forces, and another in which transporters with identical speeds pull with intermittent, unsynchronized forces. A statistical analysis of ant data supports the hypothesis that ants behave according to the first model, in which the steady-state transport speed is the maximum speed of the slowest teammate. By contrast, the ant data are not consistent with the second model, which predicts constant speed regardless of team size. To verify these predictions, the ant behaviours in each model are translated into decentralized controllers and implemented on teams of two to four robots. The controller for the first model incorporates a real-time reinforcement learning algorithm that successfully reproduces the observed relationship between ant team size and transport speed. The controller for the second model yields the predicted invariance of transport speed with team size. These results show the value of robotic swarms for testing mechanistic hypotheses about biological collectives.
Super convergence of ergodic averages for quasiperiodic orbits
Creators: name: Das, Suddhasattwa
name: Yorke, James A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37A30, 37J35

description: By definition, a map quasiperiodic on a set $X$ if the map is conjugate to a pure rotation. Suppose we have a trajectory $(x_n)$ that we suspect is quasiperiodic. How do we determine if it is? In this paper we show how to compute the conjugacy map using only knowledge of $(x_n)$. Our main tool is a variant of Birkhoff averages. The Birkhoff Ergodic Theorem asserts that time averages of a function evaluated along a trajectory of length $N$ converge to the space average, the integral of $f$, as $N\to\infty$, for ergodic dynamical systems. But that convergence can be slow. Instead of uniform averages that assign equal weights to points along the trajectory, we use an average with a non-uniform distribution of weights, weighing the early and late points of the trajectory much less than those near the midpoint $N/2$. We show that in quasiperiodic dynamical systems, our weighted averages converge far faster provided $f$ is sufficiently differentiable. This result can be applied to obtain efficient numerical computation of rotation numbers, invariant densities and conjugacies of quasiperiodic systems.
description: 12 pages, 1 figure
Forward silicon tracking detector developments for the future Electron-Ion Collider
Creators: name: Li, Xuan
name: Brooks, Melynda
name: Durham, Matt
name: Liu, Ming
name: Morales, Yasser Corrales
name: Nagai, Kei
name: Navazo, Anton
name: Prokop, Christopher
name: Renner, Eric
name: Sondheim, Walter
name: da Silva, Cesar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) will utilize a series of high-luminosity high-energy electron+proton ($e+p$) and electron+nucleus ($e+A$) collisions to explore the inner structure of nucleon and nucleus and the matter formation process. Heavy flavor hadron and jet measurements at the EIC will play an essential role in determining the nucleon/nucleus parton distribution function and heavy quark hadronization process in not well constrained kinematic regions. A high granularity and low material budget forward silicon tracker will enable precise forward heavy flavor measurements at the EIC, which have enhanced sensitivities to access these kinematic extremes. A Forward Silicon Tracker (FST) detector is under design and R$\&$D for the EIC. Two advanced silicon technologies, the Depleted Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor (DMAPS) and the AC coupled Low Gain Avalanche Diode (AC-LGAD), which can provide fine spatial and timing resolutions, have been considered as candidates for the EIC silicon tracking detector. Progresses and results about the FST conceptual design and ongoing DMAPS and LGAD detector R$\&$D will be presented. The path towards an integrated EIC detector will be discussed as well.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, proceeding for 41st International Conference on High Energy Physics - ICHEP2022, accepted by PoS
The 1866 cholera epidemic in Brussels: a spatio-temporal reconstruction
Creators: name: Devos, Isabelle
name: Vrielinck, Sven
name: Ronsijn, Wouter
name: Vanwambeke, Sophie
name: Wiedemann, Torsten
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Cholera
Epidemics
LOKSTAT
POPPKAD
historical GIS

description: Belgium was struck by cholera seven times in the nineteenth century. The epidemic of 1866
 was the worst, with 43,400 victims (Eggerickx and Poulain 1988, 1991). Cholera entered the
 country in March 1866 from different directions and claimed many victims until early December,
 peaking in the summer. The city of Brussels was hit particularly hard, with 3,469 cholera deaths
 (Falise 1979).
 Cholera is a bacterial infectious disease with an incubation period of a few days. The
 main symptoms of cholera are severe vomiting, diarrhoea and a blue skin tone (Kiple 2003).
 Barely half of the patients survived. The disease is mainly spread by contaminated water. Until
 the late nineteenth century, people usually had to rely on (often polluted) wells and waterways
 for their drinking water. The real cause of cholera was unknown in 1866, even though the
 English doctor John Snow had pointed out the dangers of polluted water as early as the 1850s.
 A breakthrough only came in 1883, when the German Robert Koch discovered the cholera
 bacterium. Previously, it was thought that the disease was caused by so-called miasmas, foul
 smells from polluting waterways and street refuse (Oris 1991).
 In this contribution, we examine who were the main victims of the epidemic in Brussels and
 show the course of the epidemic across the city from the first death to the last.
(400377) Elizabeth Sanderton [saunderson]
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
$ϕ$-meson production at forward rapidity in p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV and in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 2.76 TeV
Creators: name: ALICE Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first study of $ϕ$-meson production in p-Pb collisions at forward and backward rapidity, at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 5.02$~TeV, has been performed with the ALICE apparatus at the LHC. The $ϕ$-mesons have been identified in the dimuon decay channel in the transverse momentum ($p_{\rm T}$) range $1 < p_{\rm T} < 7$ GeV/$c$, both in the p-going ($2.03 < y < 3.53$) and the Pb-going ($-4.46 < y < -2.96$) directions, where $y$ stands for the rapidity in the nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass, the integrated luminosity amounting to $5.01 \pm 0.19$~nb$^{-1}$ and $5.81 \pm 0.20$~nb$^{-1}$, respectively, for the two data samples. Differential cross sections as a function of transverse momentum and rapidity are presented. The forward-backward ratio for $ϕ$-meson production is measured for $2.96
description: 25 pages, 6 captioned figures, 7 tables, authors from page 20, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/1699
title: Data augmentation in natural language processing: a novel text generation approach for long and short text classifiers
Creators: name: Bayer, Markus
name: Kaufhold, Marc-André
name: Buchhold, Björn
name: Keller, Marcel
name: Dallmeyer, Jörg
name: Reuter, Christian
Publisher: name: Springer
Year: 2022

description: In many cases of machine learning, research suggests that the development of training data might have a higher relevance than the choice and modelling of classifiers themselves. Thus, data augmentation methods have been developed to improve classifiers by artificially created training data. In NLP, there is the challenge of establishing universal rules for text transformations which provide new linguistic patterns. In this paper, we present and evaluate a text generation method suitable to increase the performance of classifiers for long and short texts. We achieved promising improvements when evaluating short as well as long text tasks with the enhancement by our text generation method. Especially with regard to small data analytics, additive accuracy gains of up to 15.53% and 3.56% are achieved within a constructed low data regime, compared to the no augmentation baseline and another data augmentation technique. As the current track of these constructed regimes is not universally applicable, we also show major improvements in several real world low data tasks (up to +4.84 F1-score). Since we are evaluating the method from many perspectives (in total 11 datasets), we also observe situations where the method might not be suitable. We discuss implications and patterns for the successful application of our approach on different types of datasets.
The invariance of inelastic overlap function
Creators: name: Troshin, S. M.
name: Tyurin, N. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the symmetry property of the inelastic overlap function and its relation to the reflective scattering mode appearance.
description: 6 pages, no figures
(400373) James Deuchars
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Non-equilibrium steady states of ideal bosonic and fermionic quantum gases
Creators: name: Vorberg, Daniel
name: Wustmann, Waltraut
name: Schomerus, Henning
name: Ketzmerick, Roland
name: Eckardt, André
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate non-equilibrium steady states of driven-dissipative ideal quantum gases of both bosons and fermions. We focus on systems of sharp particle number that are driven out of equilibrium either by the coupling to several heat baths of different temperature or by time-periodic driving in combination with the coupling to a heat bath. Within the framework of (Floquet-)Born-Markov theory, several analytical and numerical methods are described in detail. This includes a mean-field theory in terms of occupation numbers, an augmented mean-field theory taking into account also non-trivial two-particle correlations, and quantum-jump-type Monte-Carlo simulations. For the case of the ideal Fermi gas, these methods are applied to simple lattice models and the possibility of achieving exotic states via bath engineering is pointed out. The largest part of this work is devoted to bosonic quantum gases and the phenomenon of Bose selection, a non-equilibrium generalization of Bose condensation, where multiple single-particle states are selected to acquire a large occupation [Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 240405 (2013)]. In this context, among others, we provide a theory for transitions where the set of selected states changes, describe an efficient algorithm for finding the set of selected states, investigate beyond-mean-field effects, and identify the dominant mechanisms for heat transport in the Bose selected state.
Functional continuity of unital $B_{0}$-algebras with orthogonal bases
Creators: name: Azhari, M. El
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46H40

description: Let $A$ be a unital $B_{0}$-algebra with an orthogonal basis, then every multiplicative linear functional on $A$ is continuous. This gives an answer to a problem posed by Z. Sawon and Z. Wronski.
description: 5 pages
title: COST Action PRIORITY: An EU Perspective on Micro- and Nanoplastics as Global Issues
Creators: name: Federici, Stefania
name: Ademovic, Zahida
name: Amorim, Mónica J. B.
name: Bigalke, Moritz
name: Cocca, Mariacristina
name: Depero, Laura Eleonora
name: Dutta, Joydeep
name: Fritzsche, Wolfgang
name: Hartmann, Nanna B.
name: Kalčikova, Gabriela
name: Keller, Nicolas
name: Meisel, Thomas C.
name: Mitrano, Denise M.
name: Morrison, Liam
name: Raquez, Jean-Marie
name: Tubić, Aleksandra
name: Velimirovic, Milica
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022

description: Plastic fragments, weathered into or released in the form of micro- and nanoplastics, are persistent and widespread in the environment, and it is anticipated that they have negative environmental impacts. This necessitates immediate efforts for management strategies throughout the entire plastics lifecycle. This opinion paper was initiated by the EU COST Action CA20101 PRIORITY, which focuses on the need to develop an effective global networking platform dealing with research, implementation, and consolidation of ways to address the worldwide challenges associated with micro- and nanoplastics pollution in the environment.
Explanation of the assumption the ant data is normally distributed for proper order statistic analysis. from Multi-robot replication of ant collective towing behaviours
Creators: name: Wilson, Sean
name: Buffin, Aurélie
name: Pratt, Stephen C.
name: Berman, Spring
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 90301 Biomaterials
subject: FOS: Medical engineering
subject: 90602 Control Systems, Robotics and Automation
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 30402 Biomolecular Modelling and Design
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: In this work, teams of small mobile robots are used to test hypotheses about cooperative transport by ants. This study attempts to explain a decrease in steady-state transport speed with increasing team size that was previously observed in the ant Novomessor cockerelli. Two models of one-dimensional collective towing are compared: one in which transporters with different maximum speeds pull the payload with continuous, variable forces, and another in which transporters with identical speeds pull with intermittent, unsynchronized forces. A statistical analysis of ant data supports the hypothesis that ants behave according to the first model, in which the steady-state transport speed is the maximum speed of the slowest teammate. By contrast, the ant data are not consistent with the second model, which predicts constant speed regardless of team size. To verify these predictions, the ant behaviours in each model are translated into decentralized controllers and implemented on teams of two to four robots. The controller for the first model incorporates a real-time reinforcement learning algorithm that successfully reproduces the observed relationship between ant team size and transport speed. The controller for the second model yields the predicted invariance of transport speed with team size. These results show the value of robotic swarms for testing mechanistic hypotheses about biological collectives.
Barcode Annotations for Medical Image Retrieval: A Preliminary Investigation
Creators: name: Tizhoosh, Hamid R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper proposes to generate and to use barcodes to annotate medical images and/or their regions of interest such as organs, tumors and tissue types. A multitude of efficient feature-based image retrieval methods already exist that can assign a query image to a certain image class. Visual annotations may help to increase the retrieval accuracy if combined with existing feature-based classification paradigms. Whereas with annotations we usually mean textual descriptions, in this paper barcode annotations are proposed. In particular, Radon barcodes (RBC) are introduced. As well, local binary patterns (LBP) and local Radon binary patterns (LRBP) are implemented as barcodes. The IRMA x-ray dataset with 12,677 training images and 1,733 test images is used to verify how barcodes could facilitate image retrieval.
description: To be published in proceedings of The IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2015), September 27-30, 2015, Quebec City, Canada
title: Discussing conflict in social media: The use of Twitter in the Jammu and Kashmir conflict
Creators: name: Gabel, Sabrina
name: Reichert, Lilian
name: Reuter, Christian
Publisher: name: SAGE Publications
Year: 2022

description: Social media have come to play a vital role not only in our everyday lives, but also in times of conflict and crisis such as natural disasters or civil wars. Recent research has highlighted, on the one hand, the use of social media as a means of recruitment by terrorists and, on the other hand, the use of Facebook, Twitter, etc. to gain the support of the population during insurgencies. This article conducts a qualitative content analysis of content on Twitter concerning the conflict in the Jammu and Kashmir region. The tweets following the death of a popular militant, Burhan Wani, cover three different themes: (1) criticism of intellectuals; (2) Burhan Wani’s impact on the conflict; and (3) tweets referring to the conflict itself. Generally, people use Twitter to make their own point of view clear to others and discredit the opposing party; at the same time, tweets reflect the antagonism between the two parties to the conflict, India and Pakistan. The sample of tweets reflects the lack of awareness among people in the region regarding the motivations of the new generation of militancy emerging in Kashmir after 1990.
Advances in Molecular Imaging with Ultrasound
Creators: name: Gessner, Ryan
name: Dayton, Paul A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Ultrasound imaging has long demonstrated utility in the study and measurement of anatomic features and noninvasive observation of blood flow. Within the last decade, advances in molecular biology and contrast agents have allowed researchers to use ultrasound to detect changes in the expression of molecular markers on the vascular endothelium and other intravascular targets. This new technology, referred to as ultrasonic molecular imaging, is still in its infancy. However, in preclinical studies, ultrasonic molecular imaging has shown promise in assessing angiogenesis, inflammation, and thrombus. In this review, we discuss recent advances in microbubble-type contrast agent development, ultrasound technology, and signal processing strategies that have the potential to substantially improve the capabilities and utility of ultrasonic molecular imaging.
Supplementary Methods from Inclusive fitness for in-laws.
Creators: name: M. Dyble
name: A. Gardner
name: L. Vinicius
name: A. B. Migliano
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Additional methods, and Tables S1 and S2
Improving Sensitivity in Ultrasound Molecular Imaging by Tailoring Contrast Agent Size Distribution: In Vivo Studies
Creators: name: Gessner, Ryan
name: Dayton, Paul A.
name: Streeter, Jason E.
name: Miles, Iman
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Molecular imaging with ultrasound relies on microbubble contrast agents (MCAs) selectively adhering to a ligand-specific target. Prior studies have shown that only small quantities of microbubbles are retained at their target sites, therefore, enhancing contrast sensitivity to low concentrations of microbubbles is essential to improve molecular imaging techniques. In order to assess the effect of MCA diameter on imaging sensitivity, perfusion and molecular imaging studies were performed with microbubbles of varying size distributions. To assess signal improvement and MCA circulation time as a function of size and concentration, blood perfusion was imaged in rat kidneys using nontargeted size-sorted MCAs with a Siemens Sequoia ultrasound system (Siemans, Mountain View, CA) in cadence pulse sequencing (CPS) mode. Molecular imaging sensitivity improvements were studied with size-sorted αvβ3-targeted bubbles in both fibrosarcoma and R3230 rat tumor models. In perfusion imaging studies, video intensity and contrast persistence was ≈8 times and ≈3 times greater respectively, for “sorted 3-micron” MCAs (diameter, 3.3 ± 1.95 μm) when compared to “unsorted” MCAs (diameter, 0.9 ± 0.45 μm) at low concentrations. In targeted experiments, application of sorted 3-micron MCAs resulted in a ≈20 times video intensity increase over unsorted populations. Tailoring size-distributions results in substantial imaging sensitivity improvement over unsorted populations, which is essential in maximizing sensitivity to small numbers of MCAs for molecular imaging.
(400374) Jessie Deuchars
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Wash-in leptogenesis after axion inflation
Creators: name: Domcke, Valerie
name: Kamada, Kohei
name: Mukaida, Kyohei
name: Schmitz, Kai
name: Yamada, Masaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: CP violation and the violation of baryon-minus-lepton number B-L do not necessarily have to occur simultaneously in order to accomplish successful leptogenesis. Instead, it suffices if new CP-violating interactions at high energies result in primordial charge asymmetries, which are then reprocessed into a nonvanishing B-L asymmetry by right-handed neutrinos (RHNs) at lower energies. In this paper, we study this novel mechanism known as "wash-in leptogenesis", utilizing axion inflation as the source of high-scale CP violation. We specifically consider axion inflation coupled to the Standard Model hypercharge sector, which results in the dual production of hypermagnetic helicity and fermionic charge asymmetries. Although the survival of these charges is endangered by sphaleron processes, magnetic diffusion, and the chiral plasma instability, we find a large range of viable scenarios. We consistently account for RHN flavor effects and coherence among the Standard Model lepton flavors across a wide range of RHN masses. We find a lower bound of 10^(5...9) GeV on the mass of the lightest RHN involved in wash-in leptogenesis, depending on the onset of turbulence in the chiral plasma and the Hubble scale of inflation. Our model is representative of a broader class of new leptogenesis scenarios and suggests interesting observational signatures with regard to intergalactic magnetic fields, primordial black holes, and gravitational waves.
description: 56 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables. v2: updated references, factor of 2 corrected in Eq. (3.8), matches version published in JHEP
Assessment of Molecular Imaging of Angiogenesis with Three-Dimensional Ultrasonography
Creators: name: Dayton, Paul A.
name: Gessner, Ryan C.
name: Tsuruta, James
name: Feingold, Steven
name: Streeter, Jason E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Molecular imaging (MI) with ultrasound relies on microbubble contrast agents (MCAs) adhering to a ligand-specific target for applications such as characterizing tumor angiogenesis. It is projected that ultrasonic (US) MI can provide information about tumor therapeutic response before the detection of phenotypic changes. One of the limitations of preclinical US MI is that it lacks a comprehensive field-of-view. We attempt to improve targeted MCA visualization and quantification by performing 3-D MI of tumors expressing αvβ3. Volumetric acquisitions were obtained with a Siemens Sequoia system in CPS mode by mechanically stepping the transducer elevationally across the tumor in 800 micron increments. MI was performed on rat fibrosarcoma tumors (n=8) of similar sizes using MCAs conjugated with a cyclic RGD peptide targeted to αvβ3. US MI and immunohistochemical analyses show high microbubble targeting variability, suggesting that individual 2-D acquisitions risk misrepresenting more complex heterogeneous tissues. In 2-D serial studies, where it may be challenging to image the same plane repeatedly, misalignments as small as 800 microns can introduce substantial error. 3-D MI, including volumetric analysis of inter- and intra-animal targeting, provides a thorough way of characterizing angiogenesis and will be a more robust assessment technique for the future of MI.
title: In-situ X-ray micro-CT quantitative analysis and modelling the damage evolution in granite rock
Creators: name: Hu, Qinxin
name: Yang, Shangtong
name: Xi, Xun
name: Shipton, Zoe K.
name: Minto, James
name: Hu, Xiaofei
Publisher: name: Strathprints - University of Strathclyde
Year: 2024

description: Micro-cracking of rock is important mechanism in underground engineering and subsurface energy extraction. Understanding and modeling microcrack evolution and coalescence, and the eventual macroscopic fracture propagation is still a challenge. A micro-mechanically motivated fracture model is developed based on observation and quantitative analysis of in-situ X-CT uniaxial compression test on brittle intact rock with the resolution of 11.98 μm. We performed uniaxial compression test on a micro-granite and acquired real-time X-CT images of crack development under different loadings to investigate cracking pattern, evolution of the crack network and geometric characteristics of the cracks. The experimental results show that the nucleation of isolated microcracks is the main damage pattern before failure. The evolution of damage is subtle under moderate loading but grows stably in density until the unstable coalescence of microcracks, followed by macro-scale failure. Moreover, the damage process is initially dominated by the development of inclined cracks; when failure is approached, the development of relatively more parallel cracks gradually become predominant, indicating the damage transition nature from shear mechanism to tensile mechanism. Based on the X-CT analysis, an improved physics-informed micro-mechanical sliding model is proposed. Compared with previous sliding models, the crack-crack interaction is improved so that this model can well characterize the abrupt failure process. The total surface area of cracks is used to quantify the damage evolution and a relative calibration method is presented. The simulation results show the stress–strain curve and damage evolution are consistent with the experimental results.
NaxD is a deacetylase required for lipid A modification and Francisella pathogenesis
Creators: name: Laroui, Hamed
name: Xu, Qian
name: Bina, James E.
name: Raetz, Christian R. H.
name: Miller, Mark A.
name: Parvathareddy, Jyothi
name: Zhao, Jinshi
name: Napier, Brooke A.
name: Cotter, Peggy A.
name: Merlin, Didier
name: Weiss, David S.
name: Llewellyn, Anna C.
name: Song, Feng
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Modification of specific Gram-negative bacterial cell envelope components, such as capsule, O-antigen and lipid A, are often essential for the successful establishment of infection. Francisella species express lipid A molecules with unique characteristics involved in circumventing host defences, which significantly contribute to their virulence. In this study, we show that NaxD, a member of the highly conserved YdjC superfamily, is a deacetylase required for an important modification of the outer membrane component lipid A in Francisella. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that NaxD is essential for the modification of a lipid A phosphate with galactosamine in Francisella novicida, a model organism for the study of highly virulent Francisella tularensis. Significantly, enzymatic assays confirmed that this protein is necessary for deacetylation of its substrate. In addition, NaxD was involved in resistance to the antimicrobial peptide polymyxin B and critical for replication in macrophages and in vivo virulence. Importantly, this protein is also required for lipid A modification in F. tularensis as well as Bordetella bronchiseptica. Since NaxD homologues are conserved among many Gram-negative pathogens, this work has broad implications for our understanding of host subversion mechanisms of other virulent bacteria.
Equi-Tuning: Group Equivariant Fine-Tuning of Pretrained Models
Creators: name: Basu, Sourya
name: Sattigeri, Prasanna
name: Ramamurthy, Karthikeyan Natesan
name: Chenthamarakshan, Vijil
name: Varshney, Kush R.
name: Varshney, Lav R.
name: Das, Payel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce equi-tuning, a novel fine-tuning method that transforms (potentially non-equivariant) pretrained models into group equivariant models while incurring minimum $L_2$ loss between the feature representations of the pretrained and the equivariant models. Large pretrained models can be equi-tuned for different groups to satisfy the needs of various downstream tasks. Equi-tuned models benefit from both group equivariance as an inductive bias and semantic priors from pretrained models. We provide applications of equi-tuning on three different tasks: image classification, compositional generalization in language, and fairness in natural language generation (NLG). We also provide a novel group-theoretic definition for fairness in NLG. The effectiveness of this definition is shown by testing it against a standard empirical method of fairness in NLG. We provide experimental results for equi-tuning using a variety of pretrained models: Alexnet, Resnet, VGG, and Densenet for image classification; RNNs, GRUs, and LSTMs for compositional generalization; and GPT2 for fairness in NLG. We test these models on benchmark datasets across all considered tasks to show the generality and effectiveness of the proposed method.
The Prodomain of the Bordetella Two-Partner Secretion Pathway Protein FhaB Remains Intracellular yet Affects the Conformation of the Mature C-terminal Domain
Creators: name: Melvin, Jeffrey A.
name: Sexton, Jessica A.
name: Noël, Christopher R.
name: Cotter, Peggy A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Two-Partner Secretion (TPS) systems use β-barrel proteins of the Omp85-TpsB superfamily to transport large exoproteins across the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria. The Bordetella FHA/FhaC proteins are prototypical of TPS systems in which the exoprotein contains a large C-terminal prodomain that is removed during translocation. Although it is known that the FhaB prodomain is required for FHA function in vivo, its role in FHA maturation has remained mysterious. We show here that the FhaB prodomain is required for the extracellularly-located mature C-terminal domain (MCD) of FHA to achieve its proper conformation. We show that the C-terminus of the prodomain is retained intracellularly and that sequences within the N-terminus of the prodomain are required for this intracellular localization. We also identify sequences at the C-terminus of the MCD that are required for release of mature FHA from the cell surface. Our data support a model in which the intracellularly-located prodomain affects the final conformation of the extracellularly-located MCD, which, we hypothesize, triggers cleavage and degradation of the prodomain.
title: The Role of Psychological Ownership in Community-based Piped Water Supply Infrastructure in Nepal and India
Creators: name: Ambühl, Benjamin Adrian
Publisher: name: Universität Bern
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 150 Psychology
subject: 610 Medicine & health

description: Psychological ownership, the feeling that something is mine, is a diverse social construct on the individual level with a measurable core dimension of possessiveness. It can be fostered through participative elements in combination with behaviour change interventions. The concept originally stems from the organizational context, where antecedents leading to, and consequences of psychological ownership were vastly researched. Initial evidence of the application of the construct to shared targets such as the environment or common-pool resources, for instance community-based water infrastructure, yielded promising results. However, causal evidence is scarce and a holistic adaptation of the construct, tests of theory-based interventions concerning the routes, validation of the measurement scale, and a systematic investigation of the consequences of psychological ownership are lacking.
This dissertation presents findings from two community development programmes in Nepal and India, where psychological ownership for community-based water infrastructure was the subject of the research.
Our results are in-line with existing evidence from the organizational context and applications in other domains. First, we found qualitative evidence for the importance of the construct in the specific context of Nepal and India, and we validated the measurement for individual psychological ownership. Second, we found that interventions should be targeting the three routes substantially, e.g. by participatory activities. Community participation can be seen as a means of implementation and therefore needs to be combined with individual-level behaviour change and embedded in institutional interventions to cause greater psychological ownership. Third, the results show that psychological ownership fosters behavioural determinants and organizational citizenship behaviour, but not the functionality of safe water supply infrastructure.
This body of work provides various connecting factors for future research. Apart from changes towards an enabling environment, it is important to disentangle complex interaction of stakeholders. There is a need for experts to take care of key infrastructure. In turn, psychological ownership plays an important role in the acceptance, use and sustainability of community-based safe water supply.
Acquisition of omptin reveals cryptic virulence function of autotransporter YapE in Yersinia pestis
Creators: name: Pennington, Jarrod
name: Lawrenz, Matthew B.
name: Miller, Virginia L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Autotransporters, the largest family of secreted proteins in Gram negative bacteria, perform a variety of functions, including adherence, cytotoxicity, and immune evasion. In Yersinia pestis the autotransporter YapE has adhesive properties and contributes to bubonic infection of the mouse model. Here, we demonstrate that omptin cleavage of Y. pestis YapE is required to mediate bacterial aggregation and adherence to eukaryotic cells. We demonstrate that omptin cleavage is specific for the Y. pestis and Y. pseudotuberculosis YapE orthologs but is not conserved in the Y. enterocolitica protein. We also show that cleavage of YapE occurs in Y. pestis but not in the enteric Yersinia species, and requires the omptin Pla (plasminogen activator protease), which is encoded on the Y. pestis-specific plasmid pPCP1. Together, these data show that post-translation modification of YapE appears to be specific to Y. pestis, was acquired along with the acquisition of pPCP1 during the divergence of Y. pestis from Y. pseudotuberculosis, and are the first evidence of a novel mechanism to regulate bacterial adherence.
(Super-)renormalizably dressed black holes
Creators: name: Ayón-Beato, Eloy
name: Hassaïne, Mokhtar
name: Méndez-Zavaleta, Julio A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Black holes supported by self-interacting conformal scalar fields can be considered as renormalizably dressed since the conformal potential is nothing but the top power-counting renormalizable self-interaction in the relevant dimension. On the other hand, potentials defined by powers which are lower than the conformal one are also phenomenologically relevant since they are in fact super-renormalizable. In this work we provide a new map that allows to build black holes dressed with all the (super-)renormalizable contributions starting from known conformal seeds. We explicitly construct several new examples of these solutions in dimensions $D=3$ and $D=4$, including not only stationary configurations but also time-dependent ones.
description: 8 pages
Burkholderia BcpA mediates biofilm formation independently of interbacterial contact dependent growth inhibition
Creators: name: Cotter, Peggy A.
name: Anderson, Melissa S.
name: Hagar, Jon A.
name: Garcia, Erin C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Contact dependent growth inhibition (CDI) is a phenomenon in which Gram-negative bacteria use the toxic C-terminus of a large surface-exposed exoprotein to inhibit the growth of susceptible bacteria upon cell-cell contact. Little is known about when and where bacteria express the genes encoding CDI system proteins and how these systems contribute to the survival of bacteria in their natural niche. Here we establish that, in addition to mediating interbacterial competition, the Burkholderia thailandensis CDI system exoprotein BcpA is required for biofilm development. We also provide evidence that the catalytic activity of BcpA and extracellular DNA are required for the characteristic biofilm pillars to form. We show using a bcpA-gfp fusion that within the biofilm, expression of the CDI system-encoding genes is below the limit of detection for the majority of bacteria and only a subset of cells express the genes strongly at any given time. Analysis of a strain constitutively expressing the genes indicates that native expression is critical for biofilm architecture. Although CDI systems have so far only been demonstrated to be involved in interbacterial competition, constitutive production of the system’s immunity protein in the entire bacterial population did not alter biofilm formation, indicating a CDI-independent role for BcpA in this process. We propose, therefore, that bacteria may use CDI proteins in cooperative behaviors, like building biofilm communities, and in competitive behaviors that prevent non-self bacteria from entering the community.
(400375) Charles Edward
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.