Lonchophylla concava Goldman 1914
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Mittermeier, Russell A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Chiroptera
Phyllostomidae
Lonchophylla
Lonchophylla concava

description: 90. Goldman's Nectar Bat <i>Lonchophylla concava</i> <b>French:</b> Lonchophylle de Goldman / <b>German:</b> Goldman-Nektarfledermaus / <b>Spanish:</b> Loncéfilo de Goldman <b>Other common names:</b> Central American Nectar Bat <b>Taxonomy.</b> Lonchophylla concava Goldman, 1914, “Cana (altitude 2000 feet [= 610 m]), eastern Panama.” C. O. Handley, Jr. in 1966 considered the Panamanian populations of L. concava as a subspecies of L. mordax, based on an alleged strong similarity. L. M. Davalos and S. A. Jansa in 2004 pointed out that taxonomic classification of L. mordax was complicated by existence of two distinct subspecies: Amazonian nominotypical mordax and Central American and Chocoan concava. L.. Albuja and A. L. Gardner in 2005 analyzed cranial and dental characteristics to elevate L. concava to a distinct species. Monotypic. <b>Distribution.</b> Throughout S Costa Rica S to Pacific lowlands of Panama, W Colombia, and coastal and Andean NW Ecuador. <b>Descriptive notes.</b> Head-body 54-65 mm, tail 5-12 mm, ear 11-17 mm, hindfoot 8-12 mm, forearm 32-34-7 mm; weight 7-10 g. Greatest lengths of skulls are 22-24-2 mm. Goldman’s Nectar Bat is small, similar in size to the Brazilian Nectar Bat (L. mordax). Fur is short and dense. Dorsal pelage is 5-8 mm, dark brown to dark reddish brown, and distinctly bicolored with paler bases. Ventral pelage is dark gray to grayish brown, slightly paler than dorsum. Forearms are hairy at bases. Tongue is smooth, lacks filiform papillae at tip, and has deep groove on sides. Ears are short and rounded. Noseleaf is small but well developed. Uropatagium is well developed, and tail is short but always present. Wings are attached to bases of ankles, and calcar is shorter than foot. Rostrum and braincase are roughly equal in length, although rostrum is a little longer, broader, and more massive than in the Brazilian Nectar Bat. In dorsal view, braincase of Goldman's Nectar Batis slightly inflated, with supraorbital region broad and bulging (concave) and long and narrow rostrum. Zygomatic arches are lacking. Dentary is long and slender. I' are large, forwardly projected, and trilobed. Space between I, and C, is usually as wide as or wider than width of crown of I,. P* is much less extended transversely, has very small to obsolete lingual cuspule, and lacks root support for that cusp. There are reports of small, simple, single-rooted extra first upper premolar in some individuals. This simple atavistic extra premolar could be mistaken for a retained deciduous premolar; however, a deciduous premolar could be identified byits long and strongly recurved tip, and an atavistic extra premolar has shorter, uncurved tip thatis similar in shape to main cusps on P° and P*. M' and M? are similar in length and height. Molar crowns are quadrate and slightly triangular in outline. P? is large and blade-like, with reduced posterior cusp. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 28 and FN = 50. <b>Habitat.</b> Mainly disturbed and undisturbed lowland tropical and subtropical forests at elevations of 10-1500 m (generally below 600 m). One record exits from a dry forest in Ecuador. Goldman's Nectar Batis frequently found in pasture edges and banana and avocado plantations adjacent to forests; it appears to be very tolerant of environmental disturbances. <b>Food and Feeding.</b> Nectar, pollen, and remains of adult moths have been found in stomachs of Goldman’s Nectar Bats from Costa Rica. Species of Lonchophylla are important pollinators of many of the plants they visit; small insects that they often find in flowers they visit supplement their largely pollen diets. <b>Breeding.</b> In Costa Rica, one lactating Goldman’s Nectar Bat was found in March and a pregnant female in August. In Colombia, one male with scrotal testis was caught in March, coinciding with final months of local rainy season. In Ecuador, reproductively active males and pregnant females have been found in March. <b>Activity patterns.</b> Goldman’s Nectar Bat is nocturnal. It roosts in fallen logs, caves, and tunnels. <b>Movements, Home range and Social organization.</b> A study of morphological properties of wings of Neotropical bat species reported that Goldman’s Nectar Bat, as other members of the nectarfeeding guild, is known to be excellent at hovering. It has short, heavily loaded wings, with long tips and average aspect ratios. Perhaps in tropical forest regions where flowering is seasonal, these bats have to travel considerable distances from one flowering tree to another so long wingtips promote hovering and short broad wings facilitate maneuvering in foliage or help with the need for greater efficiency in rapid wing movement, or both. Low aspect ratios might also promote lift at low speeds. Goldman's Nectar Bats have been found with Fringe-lipped Bats (Trachops cirrhosus) and Seba’s Short-tailed Bats (Carollia perspicillata). <b>Status and Conservation.</b> Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Although Goldman’s Nectar Bat is not common,its wide distribution suggests that local populations are not threatened. <b>Bibliography.</b> Albuja (1999), Albuja &amp; Gardner (2005), Armstrong (1969), Davalos &amp; Jansa (2004), Davis et al. (1964), Findley et al. (1972), Gardner et al. (1970), Goldman (1914), Griffiths &amp; Gardner (2008b), Handley (1966b), Jones &amp; Carter (1976), Mantilla-Meluk et al. (2010), Mares &amp; Wilson (1971), Parlos et al. (2014), Tirira (2017), Woodman (2007), Woodman &amp; Timm (2006).
description: Published as part of <i>Don E. Wilson &amp; Russell A. Mittermeier, 2019, Phyllostomidae, pp. 444-583 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions</i> on page 529, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6458594