cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
CLASSIFICATION OF THE HYPOTHALAMIC NEURONAL, APPETITIVE BEHAVIORS, AND GENETIC EFFECTS OF CANNABIS USE IN LABORATORY RAT AND MOUSE
Creators: name: Wheeler, Emma C.
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Appetite
subject: Cannabis
subject: Hypothalamus
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neurons

description: Cannabis is the most widely used illicit substance nationwide and continues to become more frequently used. Additionally, it is well established that cannabis promotes appetite, the mechanisms of which are still being uncovered. This dissertation details the appetitive and hypothalamic effects of cannabis usage, both acutely and chronically. A novel vapor chamber apparatus was utilized to passively deliver vaporized cannabis plant matter, both low and high Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), to mice and rats. After acute exposure, rats were monitored for locomotor changes, appetite changes, metabolic changes, and motivated behavior changes, which revealed cannabis significantly increased food intake and altered feeding patterns. Additionally, locomotor behavior was altered in a food-centric fashion in rats housed in their home cage but not in an open field in mice or rats. Separately, in mice, utilization of a higher concentration Δ9-THC and CBD cannabis plant halved the amount needed to produce an increase in food consumption. Interestingly, in cannabis-exposed mice, novel populations of neurons were activated during food anticipation and food consumption in the mediobasal hypothalamus under acute and chronic conditions. Lastly, prolonged cannabis exposure altered differentially expressed alternative polyadenylation sites in the hypothalamus in gene transcripts associated with synaptic organization, glutamate, and opioid signaling. The results of my dissertation indicate short- and long-term changes associated with cannabis use in the hypothalamus that alter food motivated behavior, food consumption, and neuronal signaling. These results provide valuable information on the effects of long-term cannabis use, which is necessary for those using cannabis for medicinal purposes.
Additional file 5 of Oxygenation improvement and duration of prone positioning are associated with ICU mortality in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients
Creators: name: De Rosa, Silvia
name: Sella, Nicolò
name: Bellani, Giacomo
name: Foti, Giuseppe
name: Cortegiani, Andrea
name: Lorenzoni, Giulia
name: Gregori, Dario
name: Boscolo, Annalisa
name: Cattin, Lucia
name: Elhadi, Muhammed
name: Fullin, Giorgio
name: Garofalo, Eugenio
name: Gottin, Leonardo
name: Grassetto, Alberto
name: Maggiore, Salvatore Maurizio
name: Momesso, Elena
name: Peta, Mario
name: Poole, Daniele
name: Rona, Roberto
name: Tiberio, Ivo
name: Zanoletti, Andrea
name: Rezoagli, Emanuele
name: Navalesi, Paolo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Supplementary Material 5. Main clinical characteristics of the study population. Data are median for continuous variables and absolute numbers for categorical variables
title: Nonalcoholic Beverage Alternatives
title: Advertising Appeals and Gen Z Intentions to Purchase & Consume
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Maykovich, Bailey
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2024
Subjects: Gen Z
Health Communication
Nonalcoholic Beverages

description: Nonalcoholic beverages have increased drastically in popularity over the last two years, surpassing $11 billion in revenue in 2022, and use a variety of appeals to promote products to consumers. This study consisted of a survey (N = 140) that measured ad appeal and attitudes toward advertisement design elements across four nonalcoholic beverage ads that included health benefit-related claims among members of Generation Z, their association with advertisement appeal, intentions to purchase, and intentions to consume the products shown. This provided insight into how ad appeal and attitudes towards ad elements as well as perception of health benefits may impact behavior intentions. This study builds on research related to the reduction of alcohol consumption among members of Gen Z, the increased popularity of NA beverages, and insights regarding behavior intentions (purchasing/consuming) as they relate to advertising and marketing appeals. Azjien & Fishbien’s Theory of Reasoned Action was used to inform the researcher’s approach to collecting data. Results from the study revealed factors that may predict ad appeal, which can be used to create future health campaigns to promote healthy consumption behaviors.
Epeolus subrufescens Saunders 1908
Creators: name: Astafurova, Yulia V.
name: Proshchalykin, Maxim Yu.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Apidae
Epeolus
Epeolus subrufescens

description: 40. Epeolus subrufescens Saunders, 1908
(Figs 57, 74, 85, 93)
Epeolus subrufescens Saunders, 1908: 238, ♀ (holotype: ♀, Algeria, Biskra; NHMUK).
Epeolus diodontus Cockerell, 1934: 64, ♂, (holotype: ♂, Sudan, Khow Arbaat Delta; NHMUK). Synonymized by Bogusch & Hadrava 2018: 41.
Other notable publications. Bogusch & Hadrava 2018: 41–42, 55, 56 (key, synonymy, diagnosis, description of male, figures).
Host (s). Unknown.
Distribution. Algeria, Morocco, Egypt, Iran, Jordan, Palestine, Libya, Oman, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, and UAE (Bogusch 2021).
description: Published as part of Astafurova, Yulia V. & Proshchalykin, Maxim Yu., 2024, Catalogue and identification key of the bee genus Epeolus Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera, Apidae) from the Palaearctic region, pp. 183-213 in Zootaxa 5453 (2) on page 199, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5453.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/11233829
Phytoseius haroldi Ueckermann & Kreiter 2002
Creators: name: Kreiter, Serge
name: Abo-Shnaf, Reham I. A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Mesostigmata
Phytoseiidae
Phytoseius
Phytoseius haroldi

description: Phytoseius haroldi Ueckermann & Kreiter
Phytoseius haroldi Ueckermann & Kreiter in Kreiter et al. 2002: 339; Chant & McMurtry 2007: 129.
This species belongs to the horridus species group as setae J2 and R1 are absent (Chant and McMurtry 1994). It was described by Ueckermann and Kreiter in Kreiter et al. (2002). It was abundant on lower vegetation in a study of companion plants in citrus orchards in La Réunion Island (Kreiter et al. 2020c). It seems that this species prefers low plants, but despite this observation has to be confirmed, its biology remains totally unknown. This is the second report in Mauritius after recent report by Ferragut and Baumann (2019).
World distribution: La Réunion Island, Mauritius Island.
Specimens examined: 2 ♀♀ and 1 ♂ in total. Plaisance (aasl 55 m, lat. 20°25 ′ 59 ″ S, long. 57°40 ′ 44 ″ E), 2 ♀♀ on Litsea monopetala (Roxburgh) Person (Lauraceae), 31/X/2018; Morne-Brabant (aasl 249 m, lat. 20°22 ′ 05 ″ S, long. 57°29 ′ 31 ″ E), 1 ♂ on Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae), 5/XI/2018.
Remarks: this species was described by Ueckermann and Kreiter in Kreiter et al. (2002) from La Réunion Island. Morphological and morphometric characters and all measurements of our specimens fit well measurements of the original description in Kreiter et al. (2002) concerning specimens from La Réunion Island, Ferragut and Baumann (2019) for specimens from Mauritius, and Kreiter et al. (2020c) for additional specimens from La Réunion Island.
description: Published as part of Kreiter, Serge & Abo-Shnaf, Reham I. A., 2020, New records of phytoseiid mites from Mauritius Island (Acari: Mesostigmata, pp. 520-545 in Acarologia 60 (3) on page 538, DOI: 10.24349/acarologia/20204382, http://zenodo.org/record/4503446
Additional file 12 of Plant pectin acetylesterase structure and function: new insights from bioinformatic analysis
Creators: name: Philippe, Florian
name: JĂŠrĂ´Me Pelloux
name: Rayon, Catherine
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Multiple sequence alignment of grass PAEs. The PAE sequences retrieved from Uniprot were aligned using Muscle [36]. Conserved residues are marked in red (absolutely conserved). (PDF 7Â kb)
Epeolus tarsalis Morawitz 1874
Creators: name: Astafurova, Yulia V.
name: Proshchalykin, Maxim Yu.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Apidae
Epeolus
Epeolus tarsalis

description: 41. Epeolus tarsalis Morawitz, 1873
(Figs 58, 59, 81)
Epeolus tarsalis Morawitz, 1873: 182–183, ♂, (lectotype, ♂, designated by Astafurova & Proshchalykin 2021b: 23, Russia, Dagestan, Derbent; ZISP).
Epeolus praeustus Pérez, 1884: 324–326, ♀, (lectotype: ♀, designated by Le Divelec 2021: 18, France, Eaux-Bonnes; MNHN). Synonymized by Warncke 1986: 60.
? Epeolus sibiricus Radoszkowski, 1887: 295, ♀, ♂ (syntypes: ♀♀, ♂♂, Russia, Vladivostok; ZMHB or OLBL (see Astafurova & Proshchalykin 2021a: 34).
Epeolus rozenburgensis Lith, 1949: 105–112, ♀, (holotype: ♀, Netherlands, Hook of Holland; NHR). Synonymized by Warncke 1986: 60.
Epeolus himukanus Hirashima, 1955: 40–41, ♂, fig. 1, (holotype: ♂, Japan, Kyushu, Hyuga Province, Funaishi-Okawachi; KUFJ). Synonymized by Astafurova & Proshchalykin 2021a: 32.
Epeolus tarsalis ssp. tirolensis Lith, 1956: 38, ♀, ♂, fig. 20, (holotype: ♀, Italy, South-Tirol, St. Pauls; NMW). Synonymized by Warncke 1986: 61.
Other notable publications. Bischoff 1930: 6 (descriptive note); Pittioni 1945: 128–147 (Epeolus tarsalis, E. praeustus, E. sibiricus; key, re-description, variation, figures); Lith 1956: 35–39 (subspecies, variation, figures); Hirashima & Tadauchi 1979: 122 (E. tarsalis ssp. himukanus, figure); Mitai & Tadauchi 2009: 71–74 (Epeolus tarsalis ssp. himukanus, description female, figures); Scheuchl 2000: 143, 146 (key); Mitai in Tadauchi & Murao 2014: 411 (Epeolus tarsalis ssp. himukanus, descriptive note, figures); Bogusch & Hadrava 2018: 42, 43, 55, 56 (key, diagnosis, figures); Bogusch 2019: 268, 269 (diagnosis, figures); Le Divelec 2021: 18–21 (notes on synonymy; figures of Epeolus praeustus lectotype); Astafurova & Proshchalykin 2021a: 32–34 (key, variation, figures).
Host (s). Colletes halophilus Verhoeff, C. collaris Dours (Pérez 1883; Pittioni 1945; Lith 1949).
Distribution. Europe, Russia, Kazakhstan (East Kazakhstan Region), Mongolia, Korean Peninsula, Japan (Honshu, Kyushu) (Astafurova & Proshchalykin 2023).
description: Published as part of Astafurova, Yulia V. & Proshchalykin, Maxim Yu., 2024, Catalogue and identification key of the bee genus Epeolus Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera, Apidae) from the Palaearctic region, pp. 183-213 in Zootaxa 5453 (2) on pages 199-201, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5453.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/11233829
Epeolus tibetanus Meade-Waldo 1913
Creators: name: Astafurova, Yulia V.
name: Proshchalykin, Maxim Yu.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Apidae
Epeolus
Epeolus tibetanus

description: 42. Epeolus tibetanus Meade-Waldo, 1913
(Fig. 61)
Epeolus tibetanus Meade-Waldo, 1913: 95–96, ♀, (syntypes: 5 ♀, China, Tibet, Gyangtse [= Gyangzê Xian]; NHMUK).
Host(s). Probably Colletes sanctus Cockerell (Meade-Waldo 1913).
Distribution. China (Xizang, Sichuan) (Wu 1992).
description: Published as part of Astafurova, Yulia V. & Proshchalykin, Maxim Yu., 2024, Catalogue and identification key of the bee genus Epeolus Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera, Apidae) from the Palaearctic region, pp. 183-213 in Zootaxa 5453 (2) on page 201, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5453.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/11233829
Additional file 7 of Oxygenation improvement and duration of prone positioning are associated with ICU mortality in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients
Creators: name: De Rosa, Silvia
name: Sella, Nicolò
name: Bellani, Giacomo
name: Foti, Giuseppe
name: Cortegiani, Andrea
name: Lorenzoni, Giulia
name: Gregori, Dario
name: Boscolo, Annalisa
name: Cattin, Lucia
name: Elhadi, Muhammed
name: Fullin, Giorgio
name: Garofalo, Eugenio
name: Gottin, Leonardo
name: Grassetto, Alberto
name: Maggiore, Salvatore Maurizio
name: Momesso, Elena
name: Peta, Mario
name: Poole, Daniele
name: Rona, Roberto
name: Tiberio, Ivo
name: Zanoletti, Andrea
name: Rezoagli, Emanuele
name: Navalesi, Paolo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Supplementary Material 7. Baseline characteristics and main clinical outcomes of the study population stratified according to the length of the first cycle in prone position. Data are median for continuous variables and absolute numbers for categorical variables
Typhlodrominae Wainstein
Creators: name: Kreiter, Serge
name: Abo-Shnaf, Reham I. A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Mesostigmata
Phytoseiidae

description: Subfamily Typhlodrominae Wainstein
Typhlodromini Wainstein 1962: 26; Typhlodrominae Chant and McMurtry 1994: 235.
description: Published as part of Kreiter, Serge & Abo-Shnaf, Reham I. A., 2020, New records of phytoseiid mites from Mauritius Island (Acari: Mesostigmata, pp. 520-545 in Acarologia 60 (3) on page 539, DOI: 10.24349/acarologia/20204382, http://zenodo.org/record/4503446
Additional file 14: of Plant pectin acetylesterase structure and function: new insights from bioinformatic analysis
Creators: name: Philippe, Florian
name: Pelloux, Jérôme
name: Rayon, Catherine
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Structure sequence alignment of AtPAEs with a carbohydrate acetylesterase from kiwi (AeCXE1, PDB code: 2O7R). The AtPAEs and the kiwi carbohydrate acetylesterase (AeCXE1) sequences without their signal peptide were retrieved from Uniprot and structure-aligned with AeCXE1 (PDB code: 2O7R) using Expresso [72] and rendered using ESPript3 [73]. The two conserved glycine residues involved in the active site are displayed with a blue star. α, β, n and T represent α-helix, β-strand, 310 helix and β-turn, respectively. (PDF 85 kb)
Additional file 14: of Plant pectin acetylesterase structure and function: new insights from bioinformatic analysis
Creators: name: Philippe, Florian
name: Pelloux, Jérôme
name: Rayon, Catherine
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Structure sequence alignment of AtPAEs with a carbohydrate acetylesterase from kiwi (AeCXE1, PDB code: 2O7R). The AtPAEs and the kiwi carbohydrate acetylesterase (AeCXE1) sequences without their signal peptide were retrieved from Uniprot and structure-aligned with AeCXE1 (PDB code: 2O7R) using Expresso [72] and rendered using ESPript3 [73]. The two conserved glycine residues involved in the active site are displayed with a blue star. α, β, n and T represent α-helix, β-strand, 310 helix and β-turn, respectively. (PDF 9.88 kb)
Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) Scheuten
Creators: name: Kreiter, Serge
name: Abo-Shnaf, Reham I. A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Mesostigmata
Phytoseiidae
Typhlodromus

description: Genus Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) Scheuten
Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) De Leon 1959: 258; van der Merwe 1968: 20; Karg 1982: 194; Chant and McMurtry 1994: 250, 2007: 149.
description: Published as part of Kreiter, Serge & Abo-Shnaf, Reham I. A., 2020, New records of phytoseiid mites from Mauritius Island (Acari: Mesostigmata, pp. 520-545 in Acarologia 60 (3) on page 539, DOI: 10.24349/acarologia/20204382, http://zenodo.org/record/4503446
Additional file 12: of Plant pectin acetylesterase structure and function: new insights from bioinformatic analysis
Creators: name: Philippe, Florian
name: JĂŠrĂ´Me Pelloux
name: Rayon, Catherine
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Multiple sequence alignment of grass PAEs. The PAE sequences retrieved from Uniprot were aligned using Muscle [36]. Conserved residues are marked in red (absolutely conserved). (PDF 166Â kb)
Application of the Quality Implementation Framework to an Embodiment Based Wellness Program
Creators: name: Estelle, Corlyn
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Body Image
subject: Embodiment
subject: Kinesiology
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Adolescent girls and gender diverse youth are at risk for experiencing disembodiment, which lends itself to several adverse risk factors including physical inactivity, disordered eating, and body image disturbance. The Find What Moves You (FWMY) program was created to reduce the gap in programming that targets these needs. FWMY was designed using the developmental theory of embodiment, self-determination theory, and monitor and acceptance theory. In this study, the quality implementation framework (QIF) was applied retrospectively to three distinct FWMY cycles to evaluate and report on the development and two pilot tests of the program. The QIF contains four phases with specific actions to guide quality implementation. The phases are initial considerations regarding the host setting, creating implementation structure, support during implementation, and improving future applications. Applying the QIF was beneficial in explaining the process of program development and identifying future steps to ensure quality implementation and program sustainability. The two pilots were also analyzed using mixed methods to understand program acceptability, efficacy, and fidelity. The first cycle of FWMY focused primarily on the conceptual foundations of the program and included a pilot test of the program with (N = 6) participants delivered online. Post-program surveys and focus group interviews indicated that there was a high level of acceptability, efficacy, and fidelity. Recommendations from this cycle were documented and applied in the next cycle. In the second cycle of FWMY, efforts were focused on building organizational capacity, curriculum revisions, and a second pilot study in partnership with an afterschool program. In the second pilot study, a hybrid delivery method was applied with (N = 25) participants. Post-program surveys, interviews, and observations indicated a moderate level of acceptability, efficacy, and fidelity. Recommendations from participants, the instructor, and afterschool staff were considered and are being applied in the third and current cycle. The efforts described in the third cycle of FWMY are focused on curriculum revision, instructor training, capacity building, and gaining stakeholder input. Overall, it was found that FWMY was moderately acceptable and efficacious for the participants within the target population. Using the QIF illuminated the need to understand community and stakeholder interests. Overall, applying the QIF was useful for describing the processes of program development and identifying future steps to ensure quality implementation and program sustainability.
Additional file 9 of Oxygenation improvement and duration of prone positioning are associated with ICU mortality in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients
Creators: name: De Rosa, Silvia
name: Sella, Nicolò
name: Bellani, Giacomo
name: Foti, Giuseppe
name: Cortegiani, Andrea
name: Lorenzoni, Giulia
name: Gregori, Dario
name: Boscolo, Annalisa
name: Cattin, Lucia
name: Elhadi, Muhammed
name: Fullin, Giorgio
name: Garofalo, Eugenio
name: Gottin, Leonardo
name: Grassetto, Alberto
name: Maggiore, Salvatore Maurizio
name: Momesso, Elena
name: Peta, Mario
name: Poole, Daniele
name: Rona, Roberto
name: Tiberio, Ivo
name: Zanoletti, Andrea
name: Rezoagli, Emanuele
name: Navalesi, Paolo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Supplementary Material 9. Subgroup analysis on ICU mortality according to recruitment type
title: RECALL AND HEALTH PERCEPTIONS OF CANNABIS PRODUCTS BASED ON PACKAGING
title: VISUAL AIDS AND CANNABINOID POTENCY
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Stanz, Joshua L.
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2024
Subjects: Cannabis
Potency
packaging design
labels

description: In regulated markets, packaging of cannabis products influences decisions to purchase and use cannabis, communicates messages about safety and risk, and provides information about cannabinoid potency (i.e., THC and CBD). While people who use cannabis often report difficulty understanding product information and there is little guidance for how best to convey product potency, plain packaging with a visual aid depicting potency values may help to resolve this issue. Along with labeling, potency values may also influence how people perceive and recall information about cannabis products. Moreover, the inclusion of a visual aid may interact with potency values, thereby affecting perceptions and recall. The aims of the current study were to examine (1) the effect of including a visual aid on cannabis labels on perceptions of health benefits, likelihood to purchase and use the product, and potency recall; (2) the effect of different THC and CBD potency ratio on product perceptions of health harms and health benefits, likelihood to purchase and use the product, and potency recall; and (3) the visual aid × potency ratio interaction on perception outcomes. In an online 2 × 3 mixed experimental design, participants who used cannabis flower in the past three months (n = 431) were randomly assigned to view images of cannabis flower packages with THC/CBD potency ratio
description: communicated using either numbers only or with numbers and a visual aid. Participants examined three packages with different potencies (THC-dominant, equal THC:CBD, CBD-
description: dominant), reported perceptions of harm, health benefits, likelihood to purchase, likelihood to use, and were asked to recall the THC and CBD potency values. Including a visual aid on packaging did not affect recall or perceptions, and visual aids did not interact with different potencies on these outcomes. However, there were significant differences for recall and perception variables based on potency. Moreover, relative to equal THC:CBD and CBD-dominant, THC-dominant products were rated significantly higher for perceived harms, likelihood to purchase and use, and lower for perceived benefits. Thus, potency combinations appear to affect health harm and benefit perceptions, and these findings may inform approaches to packaging design and consumer education for people who use cannabis.
Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) lobatus Zannou, Moraes & Oliveira 2008
Creators: name: Kreiter, Serge
name: Abo-Shnaf, Reham I. A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Mesostigmata
Phytoseiidae
Typhlodromus
Typhlodromus lobatus

description: Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) lobatus Zannou, Moraes & Oliveira
Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) lobatus Zannou, Moraes & Oliveira in Ueckermann et al. 2008: 59.
This species belongs to the large rhenanus species group (Chant and McMurtry 1994). Its biology is totally unknown and this is the first report of T. (A.) lobatus from Mauritius.
World distribution: Ghana.
Specimens examined: 2 ♀♀ and 1 ♂ in total. Chamouny (aasl 192 m, lat. 20°28 ′ 42 ″ S, long. 57°29 ′ 11 ″ E), 1 ♀ on Cupressus sempervirens L. (Cupressaceae), 31/X/2018; Morne-Brabant (aasl 249 m, lat. 20°22 ′ 05 ″ S, long. 57°29 ′ 31 ″ E), 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ on Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King and H. Robinson (Asteraceae), 5/XI/2018.
Remarks: morphological and morphometric characters and all measurements of our specimens fit well measurements of the original description by Zannou, Moraes and Oliveira in Ueckermann et al. (2008) concerning specimens from Ghana, in Western Africa.
description: Published as part of Kreiter, Serge & Abo-Shnaf, Reham I. A., 2020, New records of phytoseiid mites from Mauritius Island (Acari: Mesostigmata, pp. 520-545 in Acarologia 60 (3) on page 539, DOI: 10.24349/acarologia/20204382, http://zenodo.org/record/4503446
Epeolus tsushimensis Cockerell 1926
Creators: name: Astafurova, Yulia V.
name: Proshchalykin, Maxim Yu.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Apidae
Epeolus
Epeolus tsushimensis

description: 44. Epeolus tsushimensis Cockerell, 1926
(Figs 63, 87)
Epeolus tsushimensis Cockerell, 1926: 89–90, ♂, (holotype, ♂, Japan, Tsu Shima Islands; CAS).
Epeolus japonicus Bischoff, 1930: 15, ♀, ♂, (holotype: ♀, Japan, Tsushima; ZMHB), syn. nov.
Other notable publications. Bischoff 1930: 2 (placed in Triepeolus); Yasumatsu 1933: 3 (as E. japonicus, key, figures); Hirashima 1955: 41–42 (as E. japonicus, key); Rightmyer 2004: 251–256 (re-description, figures); Mitai in Tadauchi & Murao, 2014: 409 (as E. japonicus, descriptive note, figures).
Host (s). Unknown.
Remarks. Rightmyer (2004) re-described and illustrated the holotype of Epeolus tsushimensis. We analyzed the original description of E. japonicus Bischoff, 1930, descriptive notes for this species by Hirashima (1955), illustrations published by Mitai in Tadauchi & Murao (2014) and concluded that E. tsushimensis is conspecific with E. japonicus, syn. nov. This species distinguished from other Epeolus by follow combination: the body entirely black; labrum with two close submedial teeth, apical margin straight with distinct medial tooth, female with metasomal segments 4 and 5 much narrower than basal segments (pear-shaped metasoma).
Distribution. Japan (Tsushima) (Rightmyer 2004).
description: Published as part of Astafurova, Yulia V. & Proshchalykin, Maxim Yu., 2024, Catalogue and identification key of the bee genus Epeolus Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera, Apidae) from the Palaearctic region, pp. 183-213 in Zootaxa 5453 (2) on page 201, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5453.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/11233829
Additional file 14: of Plant pectin acetylesterase structure and function: new insights from bioinformatic analysis
Creators: name: Philippe, Florian
name: Pelloux, Jérôme
name: Rayon, Catherine
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Structure sequence alignment of AtPAEs with a carbohydrate acetylesterase from kiwi (AeCXE1, PDB code: 2O7R). The AtPAEs and the kiwi carbohydrate acetylesterase (AeCXE1) sequences without their signal peptide were retrieved from Uniprot and structure-aligned with AeCXE1 (PDB code: 2O7R) using Expresso [72] and rendered using ESPript3 [73]. The two conserved glycine residues involved in the active site are displayed with a blue star. α, β, n and T represent α-helix, β-strand, 310 helix and β-turn, respectively. (PDF 9.88 kb)
Supplemental Table 2
Creators: name: Won, Junyeon
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 320905
subject: Neurology and neuromuscular diseases

description: Supplementary Table 2. Linear regression results of the associations of age and V̇O2peak with total gray matter, total cortical gray matter, total subcortical gray matter, and mean cortical thickness.
supplemental table 2
Creators: name: Won, Junyeon
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 320905
subject: Neurology and neuromuscular diseases

description: Supplementary Table 2. Linear regression results of the associations of age and V̇O2peak with total gray matter, total cortical gray matter, total subcortical gray matter, and mean cortical thickness.
Additional file 1 of A randomised controlled implementation trial of the feasibility and effectiveness of school staff delivery of a selective substance use and mental health program during the COVID-19 pandemic
Creators: name: Grummitt, Lucinda
name: Rowlinson, Kirsty
name: Cassar, Joanne
name: Conroy, Chloe
name: Birrell, Louise
name: Stapinski, Lexine
name: Barrett, Emma Louise
name: Macauley, Julia
name: Teesson, Maree
name: Newton, Nicola C.
name: Kelly, Erin V.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Supplementary Material 1.
title: ASSESSING STUDENT PERFORMANCE IN A MODIFIED TEAM-BASED LEARNING BIOCHEMISTRY COURSE
title: IMPLICATIONS FOR EXPERIENCES IN GROUPS
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Woodbury, Jacob
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2024
Subjects: collaborative learning
online education
team learning
team-based learning
Biochemistry

description: Team-Based Learning (TBL) is a high-intensity active learning practice organized around pre-class preparation, in-class team activities, and mini-lectures. The body of literature accumulated studying TBL indicates it often leads to improved student outcomes on measures like performance, engagement, and motivation compared to traditional lecture. However, some studies of TBL still indicate similar outcomes to traditional lecture or that students’ performance degrades after taking a TBL course. This work seeks to understand modifications to the TBL format, as prescribed by its designers, that may contribute to the varied outcomes observed in the literature and in an example of a TBL course. This thesis characterizes many of the critical components of the TBL format that leads to its effective structure. Then, two articles detailing student performance outcomes from an upper-division biochemistry course using TBL are shared. In the first article, the adaptations that contributed to the success of the TBL course transitioning to online delivery are shared, as well as findings that indicate student performance was similar in the virtual environment and the face-to-face environment. In the second, student
description: performance from the course is analyzed again, in a disaggregated fashion, and the findings show that students’ performance in the course was similar across demographic backgrounds. The work uses the Fidelity of Implementation and Identities in Context theoretical frameworks to understand the adaptations that contributed to these student performance outcomes. Components of TBL contributing to students’ work in groups, which were adapted by the instructors of the course to encourage positive group environments, may have enhanced students’ experiences in the course. If more students, especially those from historically marginalized backgrounds, experienced belonging in the course, that may explain the encouraging student performance outcomes that were observed.
Epeolus transitorius Eversmann 1852
Creators: name: Astafurova, Yulia V.
name: Proshchalykin, Maxim Yu.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Apidae
Epeolus
Epeolus transitorius

description: 43. Epeolus transitorius Eversmann, 1852
(Figs 62, 79)
Epeolus transitorius Eversmann, 1852: 102, ♀, (lectotype: ♀, designated by Le Divelec 2021: 16, Kazakhstan, Atyrau Province, Indersk district; ZISP).
Other notable publications. Bischoff 1930: 12 (descriptive note); Le Divelec 2021: 15–18 (diagnosis, reredescription, description of male, figures); Astafurova & Proshchalykin 2022b: 193, 196, 207–210 (key, morphological differences, variation, figures).
Remarks. The species concept in Bogusch & Hadrava (2018: 43) is unclear, they were most likely dealing with Epeolus julliani, but the data could of course include both E. transitorius and E. julliani (see Le Divelec 2021).
Host (s). Unknown.
Distribution. Greece, Georgia, Ukraine, Russia (south of European part, south Ural, SW Siberia), Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan (Astafurova & Proshchalykin 2023).
description: Published as part of Astafurova, Yulia V. & Proshchalykin, Maxim Yu., 2024, Catalogue and identification key of the bee genus Epeolus Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera, Apidae) from the Palaearctic region, pp. 183-213 in Zootaxa 5453 (2) on page 201, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5453.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/11233829
Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) muliebris van der Merwe
Creators: name: Kreiter, Serge
name: Abo-Shnaf, Reham I. A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Mesostigmata
Phytoseiidae
Typhlodromus
Typhlodromus muliebris

description: Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) muliebris van der Merwe
Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) muliebris van der Merwe 1968: 28; Moraes et al. 2004: 337; Chant & McMurtry 2007: 155; Ueckermann et al. 2008: 69.
Amblydromella muliebris, Moraes et al. 1986: 168.
Amblydromella (Amblydromella) muliebris, Denmark & Welbourn 2002: 308.
This species belongs to the large rhenanus species group (Chant and McMurtry 1994). It was described by van der Merwe (1968) from South Africa and then reported by El-Banhawy and Knapp (2011) from Kenya. The biology of this species is totally unknown. This is the first report of this species from Mauritius and from a country outside the Africa continent.
World distribution: Kenya, South Africa.
Specimens examined: 3 ♀♀ in total. Chamouny (aasl 192 m, lat. 20°28 ′ 42 ″ S, long. 57°29 ′ 11 ″ E), 3 ♀♀ on Solanum torvum Swartz (Solanaceae), 31/X/2018.
Remarks: morphological and morphometric characters and all measurements of our specimens fit well measurements of the original description by van der Merwe (1968) and new descriptions by Ueckermann et al. (2008) and El-Banhawy and Knapp (2011) concerning specimens from South Africa and Kenya, respectively.
description: Published as part of Kreiter, Serge & Abo-Shnaf, Reham I. A., 2020, New records of phytoseiid mites from Mauritius Island (Acari: Mesostigmata, pp. 520-545 in Acarologia 60 (3) on page 539, DOI: 10.24349/acarologia/20204382, http://zenodo.org/record/4503446
Epeolus turcicus Bogusch 2018
Creators: name: Astafurova, Yulia V.
name: Proshchalykin, Maxim Yu.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Apidae
Epeolus
Epeolus turcicus

description: 45. Epeolus turcicus Bogusch, 2018
(Figs 64, 65)
Epeolus turcicus Bogusch, 2018: 128, figs 1–9, ♀, ♂, (holotype: ♀, Turkey, Bitlis env., Süphan Daði; OLBL).
Host(s). Unknown.
Distribution. Turkey (Bogusch 2018).
description: Published as part of Astafurova, Yulia V. & Proshchalykin, Maxim Yu., 2024, Catalogue and identification key of the bee genus Epeolus Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera, Apidae) from the Palaearctic region, pp. 183-213 in Zootaxa 5453 (2) on page 201, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5453.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/11233829
Additional file 15: of Plant pectin acetylesterase structure and function: new insights from bioinformatic analysis
Creators: name: Philippe, Florian
name: Pelloux, Jérôme
name: Rayon, Catherine
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: qRT-PCR analysis of the expression levels of AtPAE5 during different developmental stages. Relative gene expression levels of AtPAE5 in various organs of Arabidopsis grown on soil were measured using stably expressed reference genes (Clathrine and TIP41) with similar results. Only the results obtained with TIP41 are shown. Measurements were carried out in triplicate and values represent means ± SE of three biological replicates. Different letters indicate significantly different expression at the 0.05 level with the Tukey’s test. (PDF 174 kb)
Diporocyclus deserticola Attems 1951
Creators: name: Zarei, Roghaieh
name: Rahimian, Hassan
name: Mirmonsef, Hassan
name: Bonato, Lucio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Chilopoda
Geophilomorpha
Himantariidae
Diporocyclus
Diporocyclus deserticola

description: Diporocyclus deserticola Attems, 1951 *
Diporocyclus deserticola Attems, 1951: 395
Literature records. Attems (1951): 1♀, steppe of Lahijan (Gilan Province) [“Steppe bei Lahidschan”]. Distribution: Iran. Notes. The species was described from a single specimen in a separate genus Diporocyclus Attems, 1951. No further records were published for this species and no other species were referred to Diporocyclus.
description: Published as part of Zarei, Roghaieh, Rahimian, Hassan, Mirmonsef, Hassan & Bonato, Lucio, 2020, Geophilomorpha from Alborz Mountains and a checklist of Chilopoda from Iran, pp. 132-146 in Zootaxa 4780 (1) on page 135, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4780.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/3839630
Mesocanthus latisternus Attems 1934
Creators: name: Zarei, Roghaieh
name: Rahimian, Hassan
name: Mirmonsef, Hassan
name: Bonato, Lucio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Chilopoda
Geophilomorpha
Himantariidae
Mesocanthus
Mesocanthus latisternus

description: Mesocanthus latisternus Attems, 1934
Mesocanthus latisternus Attems, 1934: 310
Literature records. Attems (1951): Jiroft (Kerman Province) [“Sabzawaran”]. Distribution: Iran, Afghanistan.
description: Published as part of Zarei, Roghaieh, Rahimian, Hassan, Mirmonsef, Hassan & Bonato, Lucio, 2020, Geophilomorpha from Alborz Mountains and a checklist of Chilopoda from Iran, pp. 132-146 in Zootaxa 4780 (1) on page 135, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4780.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/3839630
Epeolus variegatus
Creators: name: Astafurova, Yulia V.
name: Proshchalykin, Maxim Yu.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Apidae
Epeolus
Epeolus variegatus

description: 46. Epeolus variegatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
(Figs 66, 67, 82)
Apis variegata Linnaeus, 1758: 577, ♂, (holotype: ♂, Europe, Linnean collections: https://linnean-online.org/16064/ #?s=0&cv=0).
? Apis notata Christ, 1791: 188, ♀, ♂, (type locality: Germany, types are lost). Synonymized by Stoeckhert 1933: 64 with E. productus Thomson.
? Apis pulchella Christ, 1791: 194, ♀, (type locality: Germany, types are lost). Synonymy according to Warncke 1986: 108.
Apis murcaria Christ, 1791: 188–189, ♀, ♂, (type locality: Germany, types are lost). Synonymized by Morawitz 1869: 50.
? Apis festiva Christ, 1791: 190–191, ♀, ♂, (type locality: Germany, types are lost). Synonymy according to Warncke, 1986: 97.
Epeolus pictus Nylander, 1848: 174–175, ♀, ♂, (syntypes: 1 ♀, 1 ♂, Siberia; FMNH). Synonymized by Morawitz 1869: 50.
Epeolus productus Thomson, 1870: 91, ♂, ♀, (lectotype: ♀, designated by Nilsson 2010: 88, Sweden, Östergötland; ZMLU). Synonymized by Richards 1937: 99.
Other notable publications. Richards 1937: 99–130 (morphological differences, variation, figures); Niemelä 1947: 38 (key, descriptive note); Scheuchl 2000: 143, 147 (key, figures); Bogusch & Hadrava 2018: 46–53, 55, 57 (key, diagnosis, re-description, figures); Le Divelec 2021: 25–32 (key, taxonomical notes, figures).
Host (s). Colletes daviesanus Smith, C. fodiens (Fourcroy), C. similis Schenck, C. halophilus Verhoeff (Morawitz 1869; Richards 1937; Guichard 1974).
Distribution. North Africa, Europe, Russia (to Eastern Siberia), Turkey, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Iran, Pakistan, Mongolia (Bogusch & Hadrava 2018).
description: Published as part of Astafurova, Yulia V. & Proshchalykin, Maxim Yu., 2024, Catalogue and identification key of the bee genus Epeolus Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera, Apidae) from the Palaearctic region, pp. 183-213 in Zootaxa 5453 (2) on page 203, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5453.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/11233829
title: A reduced dimensional Monte Carlo method
title: Preliminary integrations
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Tall, Jarod
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2024
Subjects: Monte Carlo simulation
Physics

description: A technique for reducing the number of integrals in a Monte Carlo simulation is presented. For multidimensional integrals relying on classical equations of motions with localized weight functions, it is possible to integrate at least half of the variables prior to running a Monte Carlo simulation. An analysis of classical phase space structures shows the dynamics of nonlinear systems is reducible into composite subspaces that are either stable or unstable respectively. The subspaces that are stable leads to a local action-angle-like coordinate system corresponding to each constant of the motion. The techniques necessary for identifying the proper canonical coordinate transformations that decouple the local degrees of freedom are developed and shown to block diagonalize the stability matrix. The simple structure of these degrees of freedom allow them to be
description: pre-integrated prior to the Monte Carlo simulation. With regards to the unstable subspaces, the technique takes advantage of universal properties of chaotic degrees of freedom to integrate over directions that exponentially contract in phase space. The method is demonstrated by calculating expectation values and return probabilities for a chaotic two dimensional coupled quartic oscillator within a classical Wigner method framework.
Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) recurvitremus Ferragut
Creators: name: Kreiter, Serge
name: Abo-Shnaf, Reham I. A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Mesostigmata
Phytoseiidae
Typhlodromus
Typhlodromus recurvitremus

description: Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) recurvitremus Ferragut
Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) recurvitremus Ferragut in Ferragut & Baumann 2019: 847-851.
As underlined by Ferragut and Baumann (2019), this species can hardly be accommodated in any of the species groups proposed by Chant and McMurtry (1994) for the subgenus Typhlodromus (Anthoseius). It seems most closely related to Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) elaeis Zannou, Moraes and Oliveira described from Cameroon (Ueckermann et al. 2008) which can be probably raised as a new species group for the subgenus Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) including the two species (to be called elaeis species group). The biology of this species is totally unknown. This is the second report of T. (A.) recurvitremus from Mauritius.
World distribution: Mauritius.
Specimens examined: 4 ♀♀ and 2 ♂♂ in total. Chamouny (aasl 192 m, lat. 20°28 ′ 42 ″ S, long. 57°29 ′ 11 ″ E), 4 ♀♀ and 2 ♂♂ on Agarista salicifolia (Commerson ex Lam) G. Don (Ericaceae), 31/X/2018.
Remarks: morphological and morphometric characters and all measurements of our female and male specimens fit well measurements of the original description of Ferragut and Baumann (2019).
description: Published as part of Kreiter, Serge & Abo-Shnaf, Reham I. A., 2020, New records of phytoseiid mites from Mauritius Island (Acari: Mesostigmata, pp. 520-545 in Acarologia 60 (3) on pages 539-540, DOI: 10.24349/acarologia/20204382, http://zenodo.org/record/4503446
Additional file 1 of Inhibition of NLRP3 enhances pro-apoptotic effects of FLT3 inhibition in AML
Creators: name: Sieberer, Helene
name: Luciano, Michela
name: Amend, Diana
name: Blöchl, Constantin
name: Eglseer, Anna
name: Steinkellner, Alina
name: Rieser, Sebastian
name: Andosch, Ancuela
name: Steiner, Philip
name: Hummer, Laura
name: Krenn, Peter W.
name: Dang, Hieu-Hoa
name: Huber, Christian G.
name: Aberger, Fritz
name: Neuper, Theresa
name: Horejs-Hoeck, Jutta
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Virology

description: Supplementary Material 1
title: Root-Knot Nematodes
title: Insights Into Their Parasitism and Lipid Diet
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Morrison, Leah Nicole
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2024
Subjects: nematodes
Root-knot nematodes

description: Plant parasitic nematodes are destructive pathogens with devastating effects on agricultural production. Root-knot nematodes (RKNs, Meloidogyne spp.) are particularly damaging to agriculture and the economy due to the production of galls on the roots of hosts in addition to their global distribution and wide host ranges. While chemical controls can be extremely effective at RKN control, the phasing out of commonly used nematicides has led to the search for new resistant options. Altering a sterol biosynthesis pathway has been suspected to interfere with the parasitism of plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs), as they don’t produce their own sterols, but rather require them from their diet. By targeting the mevalonate pathway (MVA), a precursor to sterol production, I aimed to alter the food supply of RKNs to suppress parasitism. A knockdown in HMGR2, an enzyme that catalyzes the production of mevalonate revealed an increase in RKN infection. A lack of difference in second-stage juveniles in the root tissue implies HMG-CoA reductase (HMGR) has a role in feeding site formation, but not initial penetration into host roots. Another option for nematode control is to silence genes that are crucial for their parasitism. Building upon previous Gleason lab work, I selected an RKN candidate effector for characterization to provide insights into their parasitism. Analysis of candidate Meloidogyne chitwoodi effector Mc2397 revealed an NHL_PAL_like domain, which is responsible for neurological processes in animals. A BLASTp search revealed homologs in two other RKN species as well as in a migratory endoparasitic nematode. The novel sequence indicates high specialization of the protein within PPNs, something that’s indicative of effectors. The silencing of this gene via host- induced gene silencing (HIGS) revealed a significant reduction in galling upon M. chitwoodi infection. The results of my HMGR project indicate that a knockdown in HMGR2 expression affects RKN parasitism. Further studies are needed to investigate the relationship between alterations of downstream sterols and RKN infection. My second research project revealed a role of Mc2397 in parasitism. Further characterization of this gene is needed to determine its exact role in the plant-nematode interactions, but the silencing of parasitism genes through HIGS seems to provide a promising method of resistance.