cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Chandra survey of nearby highly inclined disk galaxies -- IV: New insights into the working of stellar feedback
Creators: name: Wang, Q. Daniel
name: Li, Jiangtao
name: Jiang, Xiaochuan
name: Fang, Taotao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galaxy evolution is regulated by the interplay between galactic disks and their surrounding medium. We study this interplay by examining how the galactic coronal emission efficiency of stellar feedback depends on the (surface and specific) star formation rates (SFRs) and other parameters for a sample of 52 Chandra-observed nearby highly inclined disk galaxies. We first measure the star forming galactic disk sizes, as well as the SFRs of these galaxies, using data from the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer, and then show that 1) the specific 0.5-2~keV luminosity of the coronal emission correlates with the specific SFR in a {\sl sub-linear} fashion: on average, $L_X/L_K \propto (SFR/M_*)^Γ$ with $Γ=0.29\pm0.12$; 2) the efficiency of the emission $ L_X/SFR$ decreases with increasing surface SFR ($I_{SFR}$; $Γ= -0.44\pm0.12$); and 3) the characteristic temperature of the X-ray-emitting plasma weakly correlates with $I_{SFR}$ ($Γ= 0.08\pm0.04$). These results, somewhat surprising and anti-intuitive, suggest that a) the linear correlation between $L_X$ and SFR, as commonly presented, is largely due to the correlation of these two parameters with galaxy mass; b) much of the mechanical energy from stellar feedback likely drives global outflows with little X-ray cooling and with a mass-loading efficiency decreasing fast with increasing $I_{SFR}$ ($Γ\lesssim -0.5$); c) these outflows heat and inflate the medium around the galactic disks of massive galaxies, reducing its radiative cooling rate, whereas for relatively low-mass galaxies, the energy in the outflows is probably dissipated in regions far away from the galactic disks.
description: accepted by MNRAS
Ab Initio Simulation of the PV Energy Production Dependence on Module Materials and Layering
Creators: name: Kubicek, B.
name: Berger, K.A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics : New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
Fundamental Studies

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 272-274
description: The material and geometric parameters of a module are varied to exhibit handles for optimizing the
electric output. Therefore the thermal exchange of the model is modeled using the thermal transfer equations, and the
convection is modeled by a 1d-model fitted to various 2d simulations of free standing PV modules. The radiation heat
transfer is included with the sky and earth temperature, and it is shown that at strong illuminaton 1.5 % more electric
output can be generated by improving the thermal emissivity of the front glass.
Towards Industrial Application of Stencil Printing for Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells
Creators: name: Heurtault, B.
name: Hoornstra, J.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 1912-1916
description: A two-step stencil printing concept for front side metallization of crystalline silicon solar cells has been
demonstrated in previous work [1] using a stencil to deposit the fingers and a screen for the busbars. In the present
work, this concept is further developed and optimized towards industrial application. Line width can be reduced
through improved stencil design, lines of 42μm wide and 15μm high after firing have been achieved. Using a
rheological test, a paste with appropriate characteristics for stencil printing was identified and resulted in reduction of
line width by 10μm. By optimizing the process sequence, paste usage can be reduced by 6% as compared to standard
screen printing approach. Finally, to demonstrate the industrial application of the process, a test on 2000 cells in a
production environment was successfully conducted and is reported here.
How to Improve a Multicrystalline Solar Cell Process with More than One Percentage Point Resulting in an Average Cell Efficiency of 17.2%
Creators: name: Stassen, A.F.
name: Anker, J.
name: Danzl, P.
name: Komatsu, Y.
name: Koppes, M.
name: Kossen, E.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 1939-1941
description: By replacing critical solar cell processing steps and optimizing the total process we succeeded in increasing
the average cell efficiency by almost 1.5% to 17.2% with a maximum cell efficiency of 17.3%. This improvement is
obtained by using industrial processes and equipment. Changes in the processing flow were: tube diffusion instead of
inline diffusion, single side etch instead of laser isolation, optimized screen designs for the backside and double print for
the front side grid. The most important factor for the increase in cell efficiency was integration of individual process steps
into a balanced cell production process.
Numerical Simulation of Fully Laser Processed Back-Contact Back-Junction Solar Cells
Creators: name: Kulushich, G.
name: Zapf-Gottwick, R.
name: Werner, J.H.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics : New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
Fundamental Studies

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 275-280
description: This work applies state of the art computer modelling to optimize the structure of fully-laser-processed
ipv back-contact back-junction n-type c-Si solar cells. In this work we employ the software TCAD Silvaco® Atlas to
investigate the conversion efficiency , the short circuit current density Jsc, the open circuit voltage Voc, and the fill
factor FF of the cells with different pitch sizes p and different emitter widths wemitter. The simulation shows that
p = 1400 μm and wemitter = 1300 μm demonstrate the best conversion efficiency  = 25.6 % for the simulated solar
cell with an optimized rear side design. We investigate the effect of the front- and rear side passivation on . The
results show that the combination of a front surface field and a front side dielectric passivation layer has a strong
effect on . Rear side field effect passivation of the base using laser doped back surface field has also strong
passivation effect. The rear side dielectric passivation of the laser doped emitter decreases  of the back-contact backjunction
solar cell only for higher surface recombination velocities Semitter >103 cm/s.
Radio Synchrotron Fluctuation Statistics as a Probe of Magnetized Interstellar Turbulence
Creators: name: Herron, C. A.
name: Burkhart, Blakesley
name: Lazarian, A.
name: Gaensler, B. M.
name: McClure-Griffiths, N. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate how observations of synchrotron intensity fluctuations can be used to probe the sonic and Alfvénic Mach numbers of interstellar turbulence, based on mock observations performed on simulations of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence. We find that the structure function slope, and a diagnostic of anisotropy that we call the integrated quadrupole ratio modulus, both depend on the Alfvénic Mach number. However, these statistics also depend on the orientation of the mean magnetic field in the synchrotron emitting region relative to our line of sight, and this creates a degeneracy that cannot be broken by observations of synchrotron intensity alone. We conclude that the polarization of synchrotron emission could be analyzed to break this degeneracy, and suggest that this will be possible with the Square Kilometre Array.
description: 24 pages, 23 figures
Power Matching of Tandem Solar Cells
Creators: name: Ulbrich, C.
name: Zahren, C.
name: Noll, J.
name: Gerber, A.
name: Gordijn, A.
name: Rau, U.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics : New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
Fundamental Studies

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 302-305
description: We show that the usual current matching condition for tandem solar cells is insufficient because the
matching of the subcell currents minimizes the fill factor of the device. We introduce a new definition for the
matching condition of tandem solar cells, i.e. a stack of solar cells is matched if the power output of each subcell is
maximal at equal subcell currents. This definition automatically leads to a maximum power output of the device. To
show this experimentally we use additional light emitting diodes in the characterization of the solar cell. The
introduced measurement procedure is a new meaningful characterization tool for tandem solar cells. The procedure
detects the power mismatch and furthermore allows for extracting the AM1.5g efficiency of hydrogenated
amorphous/hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon tandem solar cells measured under non-calibrated spectra.
The Variational principle, Conformal and Disformal transformations, and the degrees of freedom
Creators: name: Golovnev, Alexey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Conformal and disformal transformations are now being very intensively studied in the context of various modified gravity theories. In particular, some special classes of them can be used for constructing Mimetic Dark Matter models. Recently, it has been shown that many more transformations of this type, if not virtually all of them when the coefficients depend on the scalar kinetic term, can produce new solutions with mimetic properties. The aim of this paper is to explain how it works at the level of the variational principle, and to express some worries about viability of these models.
description: 9 pages; a new paper is mentioned
Next Generation Ionomer Encapsulants for Low Cost Processing in the Photovoltaic Industry
Creators: name: Bennett, A.
name: Bennison, S.J.
name: Butler, C.H.
name: Hester, A.V.
name: Nutter, T.L.
name: Schleidt, S.
name: Smith, C.A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
CdTe Solar Cells

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3045-3051
description: The characteristic properties of newly developed ionomer-based encapsulants are highlighted along
with an in-depth analysis of material properties and processing characteristics. These new materials have improved
melt flow properties when compared to other encapsulant families such as EVA or PVB. This characteristic allows
for faster processing which reduces production cost by shortening the lamination cycle. During the lamination
process the sheets show excellent dimensional stability and low shrinkage behavior; and, as there is no need for
curing, the energy costs are reduced. The higher melt flow index and thermoplastic behavior also allows module
makers to minimize the thickness of the encapsulant.
These new thermoplastic grades are easy to handle and have an extended shelf-life versus traditional EVA
encapsulants and need no refrigeration or interleaving during storage. The combination of high surface resistivity
and low moisture ingress provides the potential to remove edge tape and/or frames while retaining the edge integrity
of the module. By optimization of encapsulant properties, the module manufacturer can significantly reduce costs
by shortening cycle time and/or eliminating process steps. The mechanical properties of these encapsulants with
their high stiffness and strength have been found to allow the use of thinner glass and a possible shift from tempered
to annealed glass.
Atom-pair kinetics with strong electric-dipole interactions
Creators: name: Thaicharoen, N.
name: Gonçalves, L. F.
name: Raithel, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rydberg-atom ensembles are switched from a weakly- into a strongly-interacting regime via adiabatic transformation of the atoms from an approximately non-polar into a highly dipolar quantum state. The resultant electric dipole-dipole forces are probed using a device akin to a field ion microscope. Ion imaging and pair-correlation analysis reveal the kinetics of the interacting atoms. Dumbbell-shaped pair correlation images demonstrate the anisotropy of the binary dipolar force. The dipolar $C_3$ coefficient, derived from the time dependence of the images, agrees with the value calculated from the permanent electric-dipole moment of the atoms. The results indicate many-body dynamics akin to disorder-induced heating in strongly coupled particle systems.
Selectively Combining Multiple Coverage Goals in Search-Based Unit Test Generation
Creators: name: Zhou, Zhichao
name: Zhou, Yuming
name: Fang, Chunrong
name: Chen, Zhenyu
name: Tang, Yutian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Unit testing is a critical part of software development process, ensuring the correctness of basic programming units in a program (e.g., a method). Search-based software testing (SBST) is an automated approach to generating test cases. SBST generates test cases with genetic algorithms by specifying the coverage criterion (e.g., branch coverage). However, a good test suite must have different properties, which cannot be captured by using an individual coverage criterion. Therefore, the state-of-the-art approach combines multiple criteria to generate test cases. As combining multiple coverage criteria brings multiple objectives for optimization, it hurts the test suites' coverage for certain criteria compared with using the single criterion. To cope with this problem, we propose a novel approach named \textbf{smart selection}. Based on the coverage correlations among criteria and the coverage goals' subsumption relationships, smart selection selects a subset of coverage goals to reduce the number of optimization objectives and avoid missing any properties of all criteria. We conduct experiments to evaluate smart selection on $400$ Java classes with three state-of-the-art genetic algorithms. On average, smart selection outperforms combining all goals on $65.1\%$ of the classes having significant differences between the two approaches.
Renewable Energy Systems Interconnection - Distributed Photovoltaic Study
Creators: name: Ton, D.
name: Kroposki, B.
name: Margolis, R.
name: Torres, J.
name: Bower, W.
name: Key, T.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: PV Systems
Grid-connected Applications

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 3258-3263
description: Technical advances are needed in many areas for photovoltaic systems to achieve the grid-parity goal for solar electricity across the United States by 2015. These needed advances have been identified primarily in the following three main areas: modules; inverters and other balance-of-system (BOS) components; and systems engineering and integration. Within the area of inverters and other BOS components, inverter reliability, grid integration, and energy management systems are further identified as areas needing focused research and development. The U.S. Department of Energy Solar Energy Technology Program launched the Renewable Systems Interconnection efforts to first define requirements for each identified research and development area, followed by consolidating these requirements into a research agenda, and then by implementing the agenda with milestones and decision points to track progress toward each pathway. This paper will provide an overview of the Interconnection efforts and a status on implementation, including the Solar Energy Grid Integration Systems development. Additionally, a broad study effort on Critical Renewable Energy Storage Technology will also be introduced.
Infrared color selection of massive galaxies at z > 3
Creators: name: Wang, T.
name: Elbaz, D.
name: Schreiber, C.
name: Pannella, M.
name: Shu, X.
name: Willner, S. P.
name: Ashby, M. L. N.
name: Huang, J. -S.
name: Fontana, A.
name: Dekel, A.
name: Daddi, E.
name: Ferguson, H. C.
name: Dunlop, J.
name: Ciesla, L.
name: Koekemoer, A. M.
name: Giavalisco, M.
name: Boutsia, K.
name: Finkelstein, S.
name: Juneau, S.
name: Barro, G.
name: Koo, D. C.
name: Michałowski, M. J.
name: Orellana, G.
name: Lu, Y.
name: Castellano, M.
name: Bourne, N.
name: Buitrago, F.
name: Santini, P.
name: Faber, S. M.
name: Hathi, N.
name: Lucas, R. A.
name: Pérez-González, P. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a new color-selection technique to identify high-redshift, massive galaxies that are systematically missed by Lyman-break selection. The new selection is based on the H_{160} and IRAC 4.5um bands, specifically H - [4.5] > 2.25 mag. These galaxies, dubbed "HIEROs", include two major populations that can be separated with an additional J - H color. The populations are massive and dusty star-forming galaxies at z > 3 (JH-blue) and extremely dusty galaxies at z < 3 (JH-red). The 350 arcmin^2 of the GOODS-N and GOODS-S fields with the deepest HST/WFC3 and IRAC data contain 285 HIEROs down to [4.5] < 24 mag. We focus here primarily on JH-blue (z > 3) HIEROs, which have a median photometric redshift z ~4.4 and stellar massM_{*}~10^{10.6} Msun, and are much fainter in the rest-frame UV than similarly massive Lyman-break galaxies (LBGs). Their star formation rates (SFRs) reaches ~240 Msun yr^{-1} leading to a specific SFR, sSFR ~4.2 Gyr^{-1}, suggesting that the sSFRs for massive galaxies continue to grow at z > 2 but at a lower growth rate than from z=0 to z=2. With a median half-light radius of 2 kpc, including ~20% as compact as quiescent galaxies at similar redshifts, JH-blue HIEROs represent perfect star-forming progenitors of the most massive (M_{*} > 10^{11.2} Msun) compact quiescent galaxies at z ~ 3 and have the right number density. HIEROs make up ~60% of all galaxies with M_{*} > 10^{10.5} Msun identified at z > 3 from their photometric redshifts. This is five times more than LBGs with nearly no overlap between the two populations. While HIEROs make up 15-25% of the total SFR density at z ~ 4-5, they completely dominate the SFR density taking place in M_{*} >10^{10.5} Msun galaxies, and are therefore crucial to understanding the very early phase of massive galaxy formation.
description: ApJS, in press
Relativistic quantum thermometry through a moving sensor
Creators: name: Jahromi, Hossein Rangani
name: Mamaghani, Samira Ebrahimi Asl
name: Franco, Rosario Lo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a two-level moving probe, we address the temperature estimation of a static thermal bath modeled by a massless scalar field prepared in a thermal state. Different couplings of the probe to the field are discussed under various scenarios. We find that the thermometry is completely unaffected by the Lamb shift of the energy levels. We take into account the roles of probe velocity, its initial preparation, and environmental control parameters for achieving optimal temperature estimation. We show that a practical technique can be utilized to implement such a quantum thermometry. Finally, exploiting the thermal sensor moving at high velocity to probe temperature within a multiparameter-estimation strategy, we demonstrate perfect supremacy of the joint estimation over the individual one.
The Role of Backsheet in Photovoltaic Module Performance and Durability
Creators: name: Gambogi, W.
name: Kurian, S.
name: Hamzavy, B.
name: Trout, J.
name: Fu, O.
name: Chao, Y.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3325-3328
description: The choice of materials and components used in the manufacture of photovoltaic modules can affect safety,
performance, durability and reliability. The materials and design of the backsheet play a critical role in protecting the
photovoltaic module from the outdoor environment. Backsheet structures are described and the function of the individual
layers in achieving acceptable long term performance is discussed. Backsheet performance properties are described and
their impact on photovoltaic module performance and reliability is discussed. These critical properties include the
optical, mechanical, electrical, thermal and barrier characteristics of the backsheet. Accelerated test results on materials
and modules are presented. Accelerated test conditions to establish backsheet durability and the relation of these
accelerated conditions to outdoor testing and fielded module performance are discussed.
Exploring PROTAC cooperativity with coarse-grained alchemical methods
Creators: name: Mai, Huanghao
name: Zimmer, Matthew H.
name: Miller, Thomas F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) is a novel drug modality that facilitates the degradation of a target protein by inducing proximity with an E3 ligase. In this work, we present a new computational framework to model the cooperativity between PROTAC-E3 binding and PROTAC-target binding principally through protein-protein interactions (PPIs) induced by the PROTAC. Due to the scarcity and low resolution of experimental measurements, the physical and chemical drivers of these non-native PPIs remain to be elucidated. We develop a coarse-grained (CG) approach to model interactions in the target-PROTAC-E3 complexes, which enables converged thermodynamic estimations using alchemical free energy calculation methods despite an unconventional scale of perturbations. With minimal parameterization, we successfully capture fundamental principles of cooperativity, including the optimality of intermediate PROTAC linker lengths that originates from configurational entropy. We qualitatively characterize the dependency of cooperativity on PROTAC linker lengths and protein charges and shapes. Minimal inclusion of sequence- and conformation-specific features in our current forcefield, however, limits quantitative modeling to reproduce experimental measurements, but further development of the CG model may allow for efficient computational screening to optimize PROTAC cooperativity.
Imaging Extrasolar Giant Planets
Creators: name: Bowler, Brendan P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-contrast adaptive optics imaging is a powerful technique to probe the architectures of planetary systems from the outside-in and survey the atmospheres of self-luminous giant planets. Direct imaging has rapidly matured over the past decade and especially the last few years with the advent of high-order adaptive optics systems, dedicated planet-finding instruments with specialized coronagraphs, and innovative observing and post-processing strategies to suppress speckle noise. This review summarizes recent progress in high-contrast imaging with particular emphasis on observational results, discoveries near and below the deuterium-burning limit, and a practical overview of large-scale surveys and dedicated instruments. I conclude with a statistical meta-analysis of deep imaging surveys in the literature. Based on observations of 384 unique and single young ($\approx$5--300~Myr) stars spanning stellar masses between 0.1--3.0~\Msun, the overall occurrence rate of 5--13~\Mjup \ companions at orbital distances of 30--300~AU is 0.6$^{+0.7}_{-0.5}$\% assuming hot-start evolutionary models. The most massive giant planets regularly accessible to direct imaging are about as rare as hot Jupiters are around Sun-like stars. Dividing this sample into individual stellar mass bins does not reveal any statistically-significant trend in planet frequency with host mass: giant planets are found around 2.8$^{+3.7}_{-2.3}$\% of BA stars, $
description: PASP invited review, accepted
Grid Stabilization for Large-Scale PV Generation Plant
Creators: name: Suzuki, S.
name: Ueda, Y.
name: Ito, T.
name: Matsuno, N.
name: Miwa, S.
name: Hara, R.
name: Kita, H.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: PV Systems
Grid-connected Applications

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 3276-3280
description: For global warming prevention, as eco-friendly power source, the construction of large scale gridconnected PV power stations is growing all over the world. However, the PV output depends heavily on weather
condition, which means it is difficult to carry out scheduled operation that is important and essential function for power station. Therefore, it is necessary for more enhancement of the value of PV systems to establish the
technologies to make them from dpending-on-weather power source to controllable power source. One of the solutions for the above challenges is to install energy storage system, such as NAS battery system, to suppress the PV output fluctuation and enable scheduled operation. The demonstrative tests for “Verification of Grid Stabilization with Large-scale PV power generation” has been started. In this project, some novel control scheme for the scheduled operation of PV is under development. In this paper, leading-edge control technologies of NAS battery system, and the power station output management system are described. Moreover, some valuable results of demonstrative tests are shown. Through the demonstrative tests, it is proved that it is able to control PV output and it is possible to use as PV power station.
Residual Local Supersymmetry and the Soft Gravitino
Creators: name: Avery, Steven G.
name: Schwab, Burkhard U. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that there exists an infinite tower of fermionic symmetries in pure $d=4$, $\mathcal{N}=1$ supergravity on an asymptotically flat background. The Ward identities associated with these symmetries are equivalent to the soft limit of the gravitino and to the statement of supersymmetry at every angle. Additionally, we show that these charges commute into charges associated with the (unextended) BMS group, providing a supersymmetrization of the BMS translations.
description: 8 pages
Thin Film Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells Deposited under High Base Pressure Conditions and their Light-Soaking Stability
Creators: name: Merdzhanova, T.
name: Woerdenweber, J.
name: Beyer, W.
name: Gordijn, A.
name: Schmitz, R.
name: Mück, A.
name: Zastrow, U.
name: Niessen, L.
name: Klomfaß, J.
name: Reetz, W.
name: Stiebig, H.
name: Rau, U.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Thin Films Solar Cells
Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon Solar Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 2660-2664
description: Series of a-Si:H p-i-n solar cells with various oxygen concentrations were fabricated by plasmaenhanced
chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) at 13.56 MHz. Increasing the total gas flow of silane and hydrogen
and the deposition rate (via high RF power) results in suppression of oxygen incorporation in the intrinsic layer (ilayer).
The tolerated oxygen flow in the deposition system can be increased by two orders of magnitude, leading to
the possibility of depositing high-quality solar cells under a high base pressure conditions (up to 10-5 Torr). We
observed that at low total process gas flow (~ 100 sccm) and low deposition pressure regime, the increase of the
discharge power and hence the deposition rate reduces the oxygen incorporation in the i-layer. However, at a high
total process gas flow (~ 400 sccm) and high deposition pressure regime no significant change of the incorporation of
oxygen with increasing deposition rate is found. Impurity incorporation leads to deterioration in solar cell
performance if a critical contamination level is exceeded for both, the initial states and after light soaking. Similar
degradation losses in efficiency were found for cells deposited at low and high total gas flows although a two time
higher deposition rate was applied in the high flow regime. The stabilized efficiency of these cells was ~ 7 % at a
deposition rate of ~ 0.27 nm/s in spite of a high base pressure of ~ 10-5 Torr.
Efficiency and Cost Reduction Potential of Oerlikon Solar LPCVD ZnO TCO in Thin Film Si Module Technology
Creators: name: Zindel, A.
name: Poppeller, M.
name: Stecher, M.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Thin Films Solar Cells
Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon Solar Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 2679-2681
description: To reach grid parity, substantial efficiency gains and cost reduction measures are necessary. The overall
costs for front and back contact account for a substantial part of the whole costs of a thin film Si module. Unlike the
common PVD technology, LPVCD ZnO TCO will continuously allow an increase in efficiency and a decrease in
production costs. The cost reduction will largely come from an increasing deposition speed.
Currently, LPCVD ZnO layers are deposited between 2 and 3 nm/s deposition rate. At this deposition speed the layer
properties are well defined and widely used in industrial production of thin film silicon PV modules.
Here LPCVD ZnO layers are presented, which are formed with deposition rates well above the 3nm/s level. They are
characterized and compared to standard LPCVD ZnO layers in respect to their morphological properties as well as
their integration potential in amorphous and Micromorph® technology. AFM, SEM, optical data as well as cell
results are presented.
To determine the cost impact of higher deposition rates the Oerlikon Solar cost of ownership roadmap for front and
back contact is presented.
Uncertainties in neutrino oscillation parameter sensitivity due to resonance processes at NO$ν$A
Creators: name: Deka, Paramita
name: Hazarika, Nilavjyoti
name: Bora, Kalpana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The long baseline (LBL) neutrino experiments use heavy nuclear targets for neutrino scattering in which nuclear effects give rise to complications in measuring the neutrino oscillation parameters up to high precision. These nuclear effects are not yet fully understood and therefore need to be quantified as they contribute to the systematic uncertainties. Precision reconstruction of neutrino energy is one of the main components in measuring the oscillation parameters, and it is required that the neutrino energy is reconstructed with very high precision. In this work, we investigate the effects of the resonance (RES) interaction process using two models for carbon target for $ν_μ\rightarrowν_μ$ disappearance channel of the NO$ν$A experiment, on neutrino-nucleus scattering cross section, events, and neutrino oscillation parameter sensitivity. We also incorporate the realistic detector specifications of NO$ν$A. To quantify the systematic uncertainties due to RES interactions, we compare the cross-sections, events, and sensitivity analysis for two models of RES processes - Rein-Sehgal and Berger-Sehgal, and comment on which model produces more precision. We observe that RES processes contribute significantly, and should be included carefully in models while extracting neutrino oscillation parameters.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables
Low Cost Selective Emitter for Multicrystalline Solar Cells with 0.4% Point Efficiency Gain
Creators: name: Koppes, M.
name: Stassen, A.F.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 1917-1920
description: We demonstrate use of a patterned semi-permeable diffusion barrier for the fabrication of a selective
emitter for multicrystalline solar cells. In combination with an inline diffused emitter the efficiency increased by
0.4% point, using one high-temperature process step. In combination with POCl3 tube furnace emitter, the efficiency
benefit of the selective emitter is 0.1% point.
Efficiency Potential of Solar Cells Based on Compensated Multicrystalline Silicon Materials
Creators: name: Saynova, D.S.
name: Coletti, G.
name: Di Sabatino, M.
name: Geerligs, L.J.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 1934-1938
description: The purpose of the present work is evaluation of the impact of Cr-contamination on solar cell
properties of compensated multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) ingots. Cr is an effective recombination centre of practical
relevance. Studying its effects in compensated material allows monitoring the dependence of solar cell characteristics
on resistivity. Therefore, two compensated materials were investigated: with and without addition of 20 ppm wt Cr to
the high-purity Si feedstock. Lifetime measurements on as-cut wafers showed more than one order of magnitude
decrease in case of Cr-containing samples. Solar cell manufacturing was accomplished for p-type wafers utilizing two
different emitter sheet resistances and a conventional industrial screen-print process. It was found that gettering and
hydrogenation involved in cell processing significantly improved material properties in the presence of Cr. As a
result cell performance was comparable to the compensated reference. Efficiencies of p-type cells in the range of
15.7% were achieved for this heavily Cr-contaminated, compensated mc-silicon of a resistivity of 4 Ohm.cm.
title: Цифровизация государственного управления
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: Ай Пи Ар Медиа
Year: 2023

description: Учебное пособие посвящено вопросам практического внедрения в государственном управлении технологий электронного правительства и новейших цифровых технологий, группы сквозных технологий, утвержденных в Национальной программе «Цифровая экономика Российской Федерации». Целью учебного пособия выступает раскрытие теоретической основы цифровизации современного общества и государства в публичной сфере, механизмов и технологий работы электронного и цифрового государственного управления, которые находят все большее применение в Российской Федерации, включая проактивные государственные услуги и суперсервисы, платформенные решения, технологии работы с открытыми и большими данными, роботизацию автоматизированных процессов, разработки в области искусственного интеллекта и машинного обучения, виртуальной и дополненной реальности, социального рейтинга и умного наблюдения, оказывающие существенное влияние на эффективность государственного управления. В рамках учебного пособия раскрываются вопросы перехода к типовому автоматизированному рабочему месту государственного служащего, типовому облачному решению по автоматизации контрольной (надзорной) деятельности и связанные с ними технологии роботизации администрирования. Настоящее издание содержит вопросы, задания для самоконтроля и тесты по всем разделам, включает глоссарий ключевых терминов и понятий, способствующих развитию профессиональных компетенций специалиста и навыков практического применения цифровых технологий в государственном управлении. Учебное пособие подготовлено с учетом требований федерального государственного образовательного стандарта высшего образования. Предназначено для студентов бакалавриата и магистратуры высших учебных заведений, преподавателей и научных сотрудников, государственных служащих, широкого круга лиц, интересующихся технологиями и ключевыми направлениями цифровизации государственного управления.
Reactive Co-Sputtering of Cu(In,Ga)S2 Absorber Layers: Role of Cu-Excess and ION Assistance
Creators: name: Krause, J.
name: Harbauer, K.
name: Welzel, T.
name: Ellmer, K.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
CIS and Related Ternary and Quaternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3059-3063
description: Reactive and non-reactive magnetron sputtering as a large-area, low-temperature, industrial deposition method
is used already on a large scale in thin film photovoltaics, but only for electronically inactive films, i.e., back contacts
(molybdenum, silver), front contacts (ITO, ZnO:Al) and metal precursor layers (copper, indium). Though we could show
recently, that reactive magnetron sputtering of CuInS2 absorber layers by co-sputtering from a Cu and an In target yields cell
efficiencies of more than 11 %, this process is not yet stable enough for module production, partly due to insufficient
understanding of the growth process. In this article we investigate the crystallization process of Cu(In, Ga)S2 layers by
in-situ, time-resolved energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDXDR) and study the influence of an additional plasma source
on the film morphology and cell efficiencies. It is found that with increasing Cu excess the crystallization of Cu(In,Ga)S2
occurs at much lower temperatures (down to about 200 °C). This is comparable to the crystallization of evaporated CuInS2
with an CuSx top layer. An additional plasma directed to the substrate improves the efficiency of Cu(In,Ga)S2 cells
considerably, if the plasma density is not too high. Too high plasma densities at the substrate lead to a re-sputtering of the
growing films. From elemental SIMS profiles it is found, that the Ga profiles are flat, an advantage compared to the
sequential process.
Massively Parallel Universal Linear Transformations using a Wavelength-Multiplexed Diffractive Optical Network
Creators: name: Li, Jingxi
name: Bai, Bijie
name: Luo, Yi
name: Ozcan, Aydogan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report deep learning-based design of a massively parallel broadband diffractive neural network for all-optically performing a large group of arbitrarily-selected, complex-valued linear transformations between an input and output field-of-view, each with N_i and N_o pixels, respectively. This broadband diffractive processor is composed of N_w wavelength channels, each of which is uniquely assigned to a distinct target transformation. A large set of arbitrarily-selected linear transformations can be individually performed through the same diffractive network at different illumination wavelengths, either simultaneously or sequentially (wavelength scanning). We demonstrate that such a broadband diffractive network, regardless of its material dispersion, can successfully approximate N_w unique complex-valued linear transforms with a negligible error when the number of diffractive neurons (N) in its design matches or exceeds 2 x N_w x N_i x N_o. We further report that the spectral multiplexing capability (N_w) can be increased by increasing N; our numerical analyses confirm these conclusions for N_w > 180, which can be further increased to e.g., ~2000 depending on the upper bound of the approximation error. Massively parallel, wavelength-multiplexed diffractive networks will be useful for designing high-throughput intelligent machine vision systems and hyperspectral processors that can perform statistical inference and analyze objects/scenes with unique spectral properties.
description: 30 Pages, 9 Figures
Three Dimensional Math Model for Crystalline Silicon Solar Cell
Creators: name: Al-Daby, G.
name: Al-Matwakel, M.
name: Quislah, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics : New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
Fundamental Studies

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 281-284
description: Green's function method was used to solve the 3D-diffusion equation governing the behavior of
polycrystalline silicon solar cell. After determining the Green's functions for both the emitter and base regions of
the considered cell under light and dark conditions, we were able to develop mathematical expressions for carrier
and photocurrent densities, short-circuit and saturation current densities. Based on the presented results, we can
say that the developed math model is in an agreement with the principle of solid state physics and can be used
for modeling high efficiency polycrystalline silicon solar cells.
All Laser Patterning Serial Interconnection for Highly Efficient CIGSSe Modules
Creators: name: Vogt, H.
name: Heiß, A.
name: Palm, J.
name: Karg, F.
name: Huber, H.P.
name: Heise, G.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
CIS and Related Ternary and Quaternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2947-2950
description: For monolithic thin film CIGSSe modules we performed all three patterning steps, namely for the
molybdenum back electrode, the absorber layer and the ZnO front electrode (P1, P2 and P3 respectively) by
picosecond laser processing. In the R&D pilot line we thus achieved a new record efficiency for an all-laser-patterned
CIGSSe solar module: 14.7% as best value for the aperture area efficiency of a 30 x 30 cm² sized CIGSSe module
based on the AVANCIS SEL-RTP process (stacked elemental layer – rapid thermal processing) was achieved.
Optimization of the patterning processes was based on trench analysis e.g. confocal and light optical microscope,
stylus profiler measurements, test structure analysis and IR characterization techniques.
The Chandra Galactic Bulge Survey: optical catalogue and point-source counterparts to X-ray sources
Creators: name: Wevers, T.
name: Hodgkin, S. T.
name: Jonker, P. G.
name: Bassa, C.
name: Nelemans, G.
name: van Grunsven, T.
name: Gonzalez-Solares, E. A.
name: Torres, M. A. P.
name: Heinke, C.
name: Steeghs, D.
name: Maccarone, T. J.
name: Britt, C.
name: Hynes, R. I.
name: Johnson, C.
name: Wu, Jianfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As part of the Chandra Galactic Bulge Survey (GBS), we present a catalogue of optical sources in the GBS footprint. This consists of two regions centered at Galactic latitude b = 1.5 degrees above and below the Galactic Centre, spanning (l x b) = (6x1) degrees. The catalogue consists of 2 or more epochs of observations for each line of sight in r', i' and Hα filters. It is complete down to r' = 20.2 and i' = 19.2 mag; the mean 5σ depth is r' = 22.5 and i' = 21.1 mag. The mean root-mean-square residuals of the astrometric solutions is 0.04 arcsec. We cross-correlate this optical catalogue with the 1640 unique X-ray sources detected in Chandra observations of the GBS area, and find candidate optical counterparts to 1480 X-ray sources. We use a false alarm probability analysis to estimate the contamination by interlopers, and expect ~ 10 per cent of optical counterparts to be chance alignments. To determine the most likely counterpart for each X-ray source, we compute the likelihood ratio for all optical sources within the 4σ X-ray error circle. This analysis yields 1480 potential counterparts (~ 90 per cent of the sample). 584 counterparts have saturated photometry (r'<17, i'<16), indicating these objects are likely foreground sources and the real counterparts. 171 candidate counterparts are detected only in the i'-band. These sources are good qLMXB and CV candidates as they are X-ray bright and likely located in the Bulge.
description: 18 pages, 18 figures. Published in MNRAS. 2016MNRAS.458.4530W
Parameter Estimation of Multi-Junction Solar Cells I-V Characteristics
Creators: name: Ben Or, A.
name: Appelbaum, J.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics : New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
Fundamental Studies

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 290-297
description: The paper deals with the parameter estimation of InGaP/GaAs/Ge multi-junction solar cell and is based
on minimizing the difference between the measured I-V and the theoretical I-V characteristics. The parameter
estimation was first performed on the multi-junction solar cell based on a single diode model containing eight
parameters: five conventional parameters and three additional parameters for the negative diode breakdown. An
extended model was also presented for detailed analysis of the multi-junction cell containing three subcells connected
in series. In this model, each subcell was represented by eight parameters, therefore the total of twenty four
parameters describe the cell. The parameter estimation procedure requires derivatives of the first and the second order
of an objective function; filtering of noisy measurements; iteration algorithm; guessing of initial parameters; zero
finding; and stopping criteria.
Neutrino emission, Equation of State and the role of strong gravity
Creators: name: Caballero, O. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutron-star mergers are interesting for several reasons: they are proposed as the progenitors of short gamma-ray bursts, they have been speculated to be a site for the synthesis of heavy elements, and they emit gravitational waves possibly detectable at terrestrial facilities. The understanding of the merger process, from the pre-merger stage to the final compact object-accreting system involves detailed knowledge of numerical relativity and nuclear physics. In particular, key ingredients for the evolution of the merger are neutrino physics and the matter equation of state. We present some aspects of neutrino emission from binary neutron star mergers showing the impact that the equation of state has on neutrinos and discuss some spectral quantities relevant to their detection such as energies and luminosities far from the source.
description: 7 pages , 3 figures. XI LASNPA conference proceedings
Flexible Models for Galaxy Star Formation Histories Both Shift and Scramble the Optical Color-M/L Relationship
Creators: name: Li, Yijia
name: Leja, Joel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The remarkably tight relationship between galaxy optical color and stellar mass-to-light ratio ($M_*/L$) is widely used for efficient stellar mass estimates. However, it remains unclear whether this low scatter comes from a natural order in the galaxy population, or whether it is driven by simple relationships in the models used to describe them. In this work we investigate the origins of the relationship by contrasting the derived relationship from a simple 4-parameter SED model with a more sophisticated 14-dimensional Prospector-$α$ model including nonparametric star formation histories (SFHs). We apply these models to 63,430 galaxies at $0.5