VERITAS and multiwavelength observations of the Blazar B3 2247+381 in response to an IceCube neutrino alert
Creators: name: Acharyya, Atreya
name: Adams, Colin B.
name: Bangale, Priyadarshini
name: Bartkoske, J. T.
name: Benbow, Wystan
name: Buckley, James H.
name: Chen, Yu
name: Christiansen, Jodi
name: Chromey, Alisha
name: Duerr, Anne
name: Errando, Manel
name: Godoy, Miguel E.
name: Falcone, Abe
name: Feng, Qi
name: Foote, Juniper
name: Fortson, Lucy
name: Furniss, Amy
name: Hanlon, William
name: Hanna, David
name: Hervet, Olivier
name: Hinrichs, Claire E.
name: Holder, Jamie
name: Humensky, Thomas B.
name: Jin, Weidong
name: Johnson, Madalyn N.
name: Kaaret, Philip
name: Kertzman, Mary P.
name: Kherlakian, Maria
name: Kieda, David
name: Kleiner, Tobias K.
name: Korzoun, Mx. Nikolas
name: Krennrich, Frank
name: Kumar, Sajan
name: Lang, Mark J.
name: Lundy, Matthew
name: McGrath, Conor
name: Meyer, Eileen T.
name: Millard, Matthew J.
name: Millis, John
name: Mooney, Connor
name: Moriarty, Patrick
name: Mukherjee, Reshmi
name: Ning, Wenmeng
name: O'Brien, Stephan
name: Ong, Rene A.
name: Pohl, Martin
name: Pueschel, Elisa
name: Quinn, John
name: Rabinowitz, Pazit L.
name: Ragan, Ken
name: Reynolds, Paul
name: Ribeiro, Deivid
name: Roache, Emmet Thomas
name: Ryan, Jamie L.
name: Sadeh, Iftach
name: Sadun, Alberto
name: Saha, Lab
name: Santander, Marcos
name: Sembroski, Glenn H.
name: Shang, Ruo-Yu
name: Splettstoesser, Megan
name: Tak, Donggeun
name: Talluri, Anjana K.
name: Tucci, James V.
name: Valverde, Janeth
name: Williams, David A.
name: Wong, Sam L.
name: Woo, Jooyun
name: Abbasi, R.
name: Ackermann, M.
name: Adams, J.
name: Agarwalla, S. K.
name: Aguilar, J. A.
name: Ahlers, M.
name: Alameddine, J. M.
name: Amin, N. M.
name: Andeen, K.
name: Argüelles, C.
name: Ashida, Y.
name: Athanasiadou, S.
name: Axani, S. N.
name: Babu, R.
name: Bai, X.
name: V., A. Balagopal
name: Baricevic, M.
name: Barwick, S. W.
name: Bash, S.
name: Basu, V.
name: Bay, R.
name: Beatty, J. J.
name: Tjus, J. Becker
name: Beise, J.
name: Bellenghi, C.
name: BenZvi, S.
name: Berley, D.
name: Bernardini, E.
name: Besson, D. Z.
name: Blaufuss, E.
name: Bloom, L.
name: Blot, S.
name: Bontempo, F.
name: Motzkin, J. Y. Book
name: Meneguolo, C. Boscolo
name: Böser, S.
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name: Gualda, C. Lagunas
name: Lamoureux, M.
name: Larson, M. J.
name: Lauber, F.
name: Lazar, J. P.
name: DeHolton, K. Leonard
name: Leszczyńska, A.
name: Liao, J.
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name: Liu, Y. T.
name: Liubarska, M.
name: Love, C.
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name: Zhang, S.
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Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While the sources of the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux detected by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory are still largely unknown, one of the promising methods used towards understanding this is investigating the potential temporal and spatial correlations between neutrino alerts and the electromagnetic radiation from blazars. We report on the multiwavelength target-of-opportunity observations of the blazar B3 2247+381, taken in response to an IceCube multiplet alert for a cluster of muon neutrino events compatible with the source location between May 20, 2022 and November 10, 2022. B3 2247+381 was not detected with VERITAS during this time period. The source was found to be in a low-flux state in the optical, ultraviolet and gamma-ray bands for the time interval corresponding to the neutrino event, but was detected in the hard X-ray band with NuSTAR during this period. We find the multiwavelength spectral energy distribution is well described using a simple one-zone leptonic synchrotron self-Compton radiation model. Moreover, assuming the neutrinos originate from hadronic processes within the jet, the neutrino flux would be accompanied by a photon flux from the cascade emission, and the integrated photon flux required in such a case would significantly exceed the total multiwavelength fluxes and the VERITAS upper limits presented here. The lack of flaring activity observed with VERITAS, combined with the low multiwavelength flux levels, and given the significance of the neutrino excess is at 3$σ$ level (uncorrected for trials), makes B3 2247+381 an unlikely source of the IceCube multiplet. We conclude that the neutrino excess is likely a background fluctuation.
description: 26 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal (ApJ)