cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Bit of Nondeterminism Makes Pushdown Automata Expressive and Succinct
Creators: name: Guha, Shibashis
name: Jecker, Ismaël
name: Lehtinen, Karoliina
name: Zimmermann, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study the expressiveness and succinctness of history-deterministic pushdown automata (HD-PDA) over finite words, that is, pushdown automata whose nondeterminism can be resolved based on the run constructed so far, but independently of the remainder of the input word. These are also known as good-for-games pushdown automata. We prove that HD-PDA recognise more languages than deterministic PDA (DPDA) but not all context-free languages (CFL). This class is orthogonal to unambiguous CFL. We further show that HD-PDA can be exponentially more succinct than DPDA, while PDA can be double-exponentially more succinct than HD-PDA. We also study HDness in visibly pushdown automata (VPA), which enjoy better closure properties than PDA, and for which we show that deciding HDness is ExpTime-complete. HD-VPA can be exponentially more succinct than deterministic VPA, while VPA can be exponentially more succinct than HD-VPA. Both of these lower bounds are tight. We then compare HD-PDA with PDA for which composition with games is well-behaved, i.e. good-for-games automata. We show that these two notions coincide, but only if we consider potentially infinitely branching games. Finally, we study the complexity of resolving nondeterminism in HD-PDA. Every HDPDA has a positional resolver, a function that resolves nondeterminism and that is only dependant on the current configuration. Pushdown transducers are sufficient to implement the resolvers of HD-VPA, but not those of HD-PDA. HD-PDA with finite-state resolvers are determinisable.
[Complete volume]. Proceedings of the Workshop on Architectures and Standards for Intelligent Virtual Agents at IVA 2014
Creators: name: Cafaro,
name: Hartholt, Arno
name: Van Welbergen, Herwin
Publisher: name: Workshop on Architectures and Standards for IVAs, held at the "14th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA 2014)" : Proceedings
Year: 2014

description: Workshop on Architectures and Standards for IVAs, held at the "14th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA 2014)" : Proceedings, Workshop on Architectures and Standards for IVAs, held at the "14th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA 2014)",  Boston, USA, August 26
Lambek pregroups are Frobenius spiders in preorders
Creators: name: Pavlovic, Dusko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.4.2; I.2.7; I.2.6
subject: 68Q42, 03B47, 68T50, 03B65, 18A15, 18B35, 18D10, 18B10, 03B70, 91F20

description: "Spider" is a nickname of special Frobenius algebras, a fundamental structure from mathematics, physics, and computer science. Pregroups are a fundamental structure from linguistics. Pregroups and spiders have been used together in natural language processing: one for syntax, the other for semantics. It turns out that pregroups themselves can be characterized as pointed spiders in the category of preordered relations, where they naturally arise from grammars. The other way around, preordered spider algebras in general can be characterized as unions of pregroups. This extends the characterization of relational spider algebras as disjoint unions of groups. The compositional framework that emerged with the results suggests new ways to understand and apply the basis structures in machine learning and data analysis.
description: 21 pages, 16 diagrams. Final journal version: DOI kindly inserted by Fosco Loregian
Meaningful human control: actionable properties for AI system development
Creators: name: Siebert, Luciano Cavalcante
name: Lupetti, Maria Luce
name: Aizenberg, Evgeni
name: Beckers, Niek
name: Zgonnikov, Arkady
name: Veluwenkamp, Herman
name: Abbink, David
name: Giaccardi, Elisa
name: Houben, Geert-Jan
name: Jonker, Catholijn M.
name: Hoven, Jeroen van den
name: Forster, Deborah
name: Lagendijk, Reginald L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: How can humans remain in control of artificial intelligence (AI)-based systems designed to perform tasks autonomously? Such systems are increasingly ubiquitous, creating benefits - but also undesirable situations where moral responsibility for their actions cannot be properly attributed to any particular person or group. The concept of meaningful human control has been proposed to address responsibility gaps and mitigate them by establishing conditions that enable a proper attribution of responsibility for humans; however, clear requirements for researchers, designers, and engineers are yet inexistent, making the development of AI-based systems that remain under meaningful human control challenging. In this paper, we address the gap between philosophical theory and engineering practice by identifying, through an iterative process of abductive thinking, four actionable properties for AI-based systems under meaningful human control, which we discuss making use of two applications scenarios: automated vehicles and AI-based hiring. First, a system in which humans and AI algorithms interact should have an explicitly defined domain of morally loaded situations within which the system ought to operate. Second, humans and AI agents within the system should have appropriate and mutually compatible representations. Third, responsibility attributed to a human should be commensurate with that human's ability and authority to control the system. Fourth, there should be explicit links between the actions of the AI agents and actions of humans who are aware of their moral responsibility. We argue that these four properties will support practically-minded professionals to take concrete steps toward designing and engineering for AI systems that facilitate meaningful human control.
description: Preprint. Published AI and Ethics (2022): https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-022-00167-3
Koszul duality for operadic categories
Creators: name: Batanin, Michael
name: Markl, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The aim of this sequel to arXiv:1812.02935 is to set up the cornerstones of Koszul duality and Koszulity in the context of operads over a large class of operadic categories. In particular, for these operadic categories we will study concrete examples of binary quadratic operads, describe their Koszul duals and prove that they are Koszul. This includes operads whose algebras are the most important operad- and PROP-like structures such as the classical operads, their variants such as cyclic, modular or wheeled operads, and also diverse versions of PROPs such as properads, dioperads, 1/2PROPs, and still more exotic objects such as permutads and pre-permutads.
description: 56 pages. Final version. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1812.02935
title: Digital hypertension management
title: A cluster-randomised trial in primary care (PIA)
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Karimzadeh Esfahani, Arian
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Hypertonie
subject: Blutdruck
subject: Bluthockdruck
subject: Telemedizin
subject: Hausarztmedizin
subject: Allgemeinmedizin
subject: Blutdruckmonitoring
subject: Delegation
subject: mHealth
subject: eHealth
subject: Informationstechnologie
subject: Hypertension
subject: Blood pressure
subject: Telemedicine
subject: Family medicine
subject: General practice
subject: Home blood pressure monitoring
subject: Information technology
subject: ddc:610

description: Introduction: Arterial hypertension is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Despite the widespread availability of effective treatment, control of hypertension in Germany still needs to be improved. The main reasons are barriers to guideline implementation in the clinical setting, poor adherence, and organisational failure. International studies showed that blood pressure (BP) control could be optimised through a digital-based hypertension management and delegation model to non-physician staff. In the PIA study we developed and evaluated such an intervention (PIA-Intervention). The PIA-Intervention includes a data protection-compliant system (PIA information communication technology: PIA-ICT) as well as eLearning for GP practices and patients. The PIA-ICT enables the communication between patients and practices, transmission and monitoring of BP values, customisation and transmission of medication plans, and prescription ordering.
 Methods: The effectiveness of the PIA-Intervention was evaluated in a clusterrandomised controlled trial. GP practices were randomly assigned (1:1) to the intervention or control group (usual care). The primary outcome was a BP control rate (BP < 140/90 mmHg) after 6 - 12 months. Secondary outcomes were BP changes, PIA-ICT satisfaction, PIA-ICT use frequency, and blood pressure self-measurement and medication changes.
 Results: The effectiveness of the PIA-Intervention was evaluated in 47 GP practices and 525 patients (Intervention 265; Control 260). There was a significant increase in BP control rates in the intervention group compared to the control group (59.9 % versus 36.7 %), which corresponds to an improvement of 23.1 % points (adjusted). Patients, GPs and practice assistants were very satisfied with the PIA-ICT and used the system frequently. The PIA-Intervention also led to a significant increase in the frequency of selfmeasurements and the average number of antihypertensives prescribed.
 Discussion: Given the high effectiveness and acceptance among patients and health professionals, implementing the PIA-Intervention in usual care is reasonable. Calculated for nationwide implementation of the PIA-Intervention and assuming a population-wide reduction of systolic BP by 5.6 mmHg, 3.05 billion euros could be saved in statutory healthcare costs.
Anomaly detection in high-energy physics using a quantum autoencoder
Creators: name: Ngairangbam, Vishal S.
name: Spannowsky, Michael
name: Takeuchi, Michihisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The lack of evidence for new interactions and particles at the Large Hadron Collider has motivated the high-energy physics community to explore model-agnostic data-analysis approaches to search for new physics. Autoencoders are unsupervised machine learning models based on artificial neural networks, capable of learning background distributions. We study quantum autoencoders based on variational quantum circuits for the problem of anomaly detection at the LHC. For a QCD $t\bar{t}$ background and resonant heavy Higgs signals, we find that a simple quantum autoencoder outperforms classical autoencoders for the same inputs and trains very efficiently. Moreover, this performance is reproducible on present quantum devices. This shows that quantum autoencoders are good candidates for analysing high-energy physics data in future LHC runs.
description: Added three appendices and result for an additional benchmark scenario. Previous results are unchanged
On Classifying Continuous Constraint Satisfaction Problems
Creators: name: Miltzow, Tillmann
name: Schmiermann, Reinier F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A continuous constraint satisfaction problem (CCSP) is a constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) with an interval domain $U \subset \mathbb{R}$. We engage in a systematic study to classify CCSPs that are complete of the Existential Theory of the Reals, i.e., ER-complete. To define this class, we first consider the problem ETR, which also stands for Existential Theory of the Reals. In an instance of this problem we are given some sentence of the form $\exists x_1, \ldots, x_n \in \mathbb{R} : Φ(x_1, \ldots, x_n)$, where $Φ$ is a well-formed quantifier-free formula consisting of the symbols $\{0, 1, +, \cdot, \geq, >, \wedge, \vee, \neg\}$, the goal is to check whether this sentence is true. Now the class ER is the family of all problems that admit a polynomial-time many-one reduction to ETR. It is known that NP $\subseteq$ ER $\subseteq$ PSPACE.
 We restrict our attention on CCSPs with addition constraints ($x + y = z$) and some other mild technical conditions. Previously, it was shown that multiplication constraints ($x \cdot y = z$), squaring constraints ($x^2 = y$), or inversion constraints ($x\cdot y = 1$) are sufficient to establish ER-completeness. We extend this in the strongest possible sense for equality constraints as follows. We show that CCSPs (with addition constraints and some other mild technical conditions) that have any one well-behaved curved equality constraint ($f(x,y) = 0$) are ER-complete. We further extend our results to inequality constraints. We show that any well-behaved convexly curved and any well-behaved concavely curved inequality constraint ($f(x,y) \geq 0$ and $g(x,y) \geq 0$) imply ER-completeness on the class of such CCSPs.
description: 54 pages, 7 figures
Supercell symmetry modified spectral statistics of Kramers-Weyl fermions
Creators: name: Lemut, G.
name: Pacholski, M. J.
name: Tworzydło, J.
name: Beenakker, C. W. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the spectral statistics of the Kramers-Weyl Hamiltonian $H=v\sum_α σ_α\sin p_α+t σ_0\sum_α\cos p_α$ in a chaotic quantum dot. The Hamiltonian has symplectic time-reversal symmetry ($H$ is invariant when spin $σ_α$ and momentum $p_α$ both change sign), and yet for small $t$ the level spacing distribution $P(s)\propto s^β$ follows the $β=1$ orthogonal ensemble instead of the $β=4$ symplectic ensemble. We identify a supercell symmetry of $H$ that explains this finding. The supercell symmetry is broken by the spin-independent hopping energy $\propto t\cos p$, which induces a transition from $β=1$ to $β=4$ statistics that shows up in the conductance as a transition from weak localization to weak antilocalization.
description: Contribution to the special issue of J.Phys.A in honour of the life and work of Fritz Haake
Spectral Independence via Stability and Applications to Holant-Type Problems
Creators: name: Chen, Zongchen
name: Liu, Kuikui
name: Vigoda, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper formalizes connections between stability of polynomials and convergence rates of Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms. We prove that if a (multivariate) partition function is nonzero in a region around a real point $λ$ then spectral independence holds at $λ$. As a consequence, for Holant-type problems (e.g., spin systems) on bounded-degree graphs, we obtain optimal $O(n\log n)$ mixing time bounds for the single-site update Markov chain known as the Glauber dynamics. Our result significantly improves the running time guarantees obtained via the polynomial interpolation method of Barvinok (2017), refined by Patel and Regts (2017).
 There are a variety of applications of our results. In this paper, we focus on Holant-type (i.e., edge-coloring) problems, including weighted edge covers and weighted even subgraphs. For the weighted edge cover problem (and several natural generalizations) we obtain an $O(n\log{n})$ sampling algorithm on bounded-degree graphs. The even subgraphs problem corresponds to the high-temperature expansion of the ferromagnetic Ising model. We obtain an $O(n\log{n})$ sampling algorithm for the ferromagnetic Ising model with a nonzero external field on bounded-degree graphs, which improves upon the classical result of Jerrum and Sinclair (1993) for this class of graphs. We obtain further applications to antiferromagnetic two-spin models on line graphs, weighted graph homomorphisms, tensor networks, and more.
description: Journal Version for TheoretiCS
Learning how to make trade-offs in pursuit of sustainable urban development : building a serious game
Creators: name: Van Stigt, Rien
name: Heere, Elger
name: Van Den Berg, Daniël
name: Haydary, Maisam
name: De Hoon, Wouter
name: Den Ouden, Gideon
name: Spierings, Rens
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: Sustainable urban development is not a goal in itself; it is about maintaining and enhancing the quality of life within a city, without jeopardizing the natural and man-made systems that bring about this quality. Urban quality is known to be a multidimensional concept, which makes it difficult to manage. Furthermore, the indicators that are used to steer and monitor urban quality include objective as well as subjective variables; therefore, urban quality means different things to different actors. Local governments, urban planners and their advisors, in their pursuit of sustainable urban development, are facing serious dilemma’s that arise from this illusive character of what we call ‘urban quality’. They strive for high densities – which allows for a high level of amenities and public transport and minimizes conversion of green and open space into urban areas – but in the meantime have to minimize nuisance, pollution and risk. They make trade-offs between space for residential buildings and parks, or between the advantages of living close to the station and the downside of it, being bothered by railway noise. They have a tight budget, but also want to prepare for the effects of climate change. In short: they must balance a lot of different interests advocated by almost as many stakeholders. Apart from the technical aspects of urban quality, engineers who are concerned with designing and building the city must know how to deal with the ‘soft’ side of it: how can diverging interests be brought together or, if this is not possible, how can optimal trade-offs be made? Following a ‘learning-by-doing’ approach, we wanted to develop a serious game that would confront players with diverging interests in a particularly difficult case, namely the redevelopment of an inner-city area close to a railway station. We had a team of five students (from our geo-informatics, urban planning and real estate management programs) analyse the most important stakeholders and their interests and build a serious game, based on an existing game engine. We adopted a two-pronged strategy: 1: analyse existing urban projects of this type, combined with basic training of the game's concept and engine; 2: convert the analysis into a storyboard of stakeholders, actions, indicators and interrelationships. Apart from a first working prototype of the game, the learning effect of this pilot project was that students became aware of the importance of communicating and negotiating between stakeholders.
La ecología política de electricidad 100% renovable en Colombia
Creators: name: Combariza, Nadia
name: Corral, Felipe
name: López Orellano, Lorena
name: Vega, Mateo
Publisher: name: Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios Latinoamericanos
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: ecología política
subject: energía renovable
subject: políticas energéticas
subject: territorialidad
subject: transición energética
subject: transición justa
subject: political ecology
subject: renewable energy
subject: energy policies
subject: territoriality
subject: energy transition
subject: just transition
subject: ddc:300

description: Hay estudios que concluyen que la transición hacia un sistema de generación eléctrica 100% basado en fuentes renovables en Colombia es viable antes del año 2030. Sin embargo, desde un análisis tecno-económico, se revela que estos estudios no abordan la ecología política asociada a esta transición ni las implicaciones que podrían representar para los territorios y sus habitantes. El presente artículo desarrolla una revisión de los trabajos realizados por organizaciones de la sociedad civil que abordan la relación entre energía y justicia en los territorios. En base a ello, se identifican nueve elementos de relevancia para el desarrollo de políticas públicas de transiciones justas. Finalmente, se describen cinco factores que deberían ser tomados en cuenta por parte del Estado para desarrollar un sistema de generación eléctrica bajo una lógica de transiciones consensuadas y no impuestas, que permitan mayor equidad y construcción de paz territorial.
description: Women and feminized bodies facing agro-extractivism in Mexico and Colombia
 This article uses three types of monocultures in Mexico and Colombia as a reference to the impact of the agro-extractive model on women, feminized bodies, and their territories. Methodologically, this work is positioned from the constructivist paradigm with an interpretive and qualitative approach. In the Participatory Action Research-IAP, we have used bibliographic review and quotes from interviews of previous ethnographic exercises. The article is divided into two sections. The first deals theoretically with the notions of territory-body-land, the manifestations of agro-extractivism, and the relationship they have with feminisms developed from a Latin American perspective. In the second section, the three case studies are exposed: in Chiapas-Mexico, oil palm monocultures, and in Madrid and Guasca-Colombia, flower, and blueberry monocultures, respectively. Finally, some emerging elements are enunciated in relation to the resistance and struggles against this agro-export model, together with some conclusions.
Designing for impact : a model of community engagement for sustainable development
Creators: name: Jiusto, J. Scott
name: Vaz, Richard F.
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: As universities increasingly involve engineering students in sustainable development work through community engagement, challenging questions arise regarding how to effectively serve the interests of both academic and non-academic participants. To date the literature on community engagement strategies such as service learning, project-based learning, and community-based research has had more to say about student experience than about implications for the university more broadly, or – critically – about impacts on community partners and community wellbeing more generally. While the potential for “real world” impact animates student learning and makes engagement meaningful, broader impacts can be hard to conceptualize and assess; arguably the more potentially consequential the impacts, the more they are likely to be mixed and hard to understand. This paper presents a simple model for thinking about community engagement program design and assessment at various scales of impact, across both academic and non-academic communities. We illustrate the model with examples drawn from a program operating in Cape Town, South Africa, where students confront a paradoxical challenge: nowhere are engineering insights and contributions more desperately needed than in the burgeoning urban informal settlements of the developing world that are home to 1/7th of the world’s population, but the sustainable development strategies and cultural assumptions that academics carry with them often come undone in the social, environmental, economic, and institutional maelstrom that typically prevails in these areas. How then, if at all, are we as educators, engineers and/or community development practitioners to engage with students and community partners to advance sustainable development in such environments? How do we plan for and measure program success (of what? for whom?) in a context especially prone to failure of things built and relationships nurtured? How in short do we foster engagement that is thoughtful, collaborative, resourceful, respectful, hopeful, resilient and beneficial to all concerned?
Small deformation theory for a magnetic droplet in a rotating field
Creators: name: Stikuts, Andris P.
name: Perzynski, Régine
name: Cēbers, Andrejs
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A three dimensional small deformation theory is developed to examine the motion of a magnetic droplet in a uniform rotating magnetic field. The equations describing the droplet's shape evolution are derived using two different approaches - a phenomenological equation for the tensor describing the anisotropy of the droplet, and the hydrodynamic solution using perturbation theory. We get a system of ordinary differential equations for the parameters describing the droplet's shape, which we further analyze for the particular case when the droplet's elongation is in the plane of the rotating field. The qualitative behavior of this system is governed by a single dimensionless quantity $τω$ - the product of the characteristic relaxation time of small perturbations and the angular frequency of the rotating magnetic field. Values of $τω$ determine whether the droplet's equilibrium will be closer to an oblate or a prolate shape, as well as whether it's shape will undergo oscillations as it settles to this equilibrium.We show that for small deformations, the droplet pseudo-rotates in the rotating magnetic field - its long axis follows the field, which is reminiscent of a rotation, nevertheless the torque exerted on the surrounding fluid is zero. We compare the analytic results with a boundary element simulation to determine their accuracy and the limits of the small deformation theory.
On log differentials of local fields
Creators: name: Mazzari, Nicola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14G20

description: We prove a logarithmic version of Fontaine's classic result on differentials of $\mathcal{O}_{\bar K}$ over $\mathcal{O}_K$.
Comparison of the Semiclassical and Quantum Dynamics of the Bianchi I Cosmology in the Polymer and GUP Extended Paradigms
Creators: name: Barca, Gabriele
name: Giovannetti, Eleonora
name: Montani, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare in some detail Polymer Quantum Mechanics and the Generalized Uncertainty Principle approach to clarify to what extent we can treat them on the same footing. We show that, while on a semiclassical level they may be formulated as similar modifications of the Poisson algebra, on a quantum level they intrinsically differ because PQM implies no absolute minimal uncertainty on position. Then we implement these schemes to Bianchi I cosmology on a semiclassical level deforming only the algebra of the Universe volume, searching for alternative formulations able to account for the modified Friedmann equations emerging in Brane Cosmology and Loop Quantum Cosmology. On a pure quantum level, we implement the two approaches through their original setups and reduce the two resulting Wheeler-DeWitt equations to the same morphological structure, showing how the polymer formalism is associated with a bouncing dynamics while in the Generalized Uncertainty Principle case the singularity is still present. The implications of the wavepacket spreading are also discussed in both approaches, outlining that, when the singularity survives, the Planckian era must necessarily be approached by a fully quantum (non-peaked) state of the Universe.
description: 23 pages, 6 figures. Invited contribution to IJGMMP special issue for the conference "Geometric Foundations of Gravity 2021" (Tartu, Estonia, June 28-July 2, 2021). New upload to match published version
Categorical Data Structures for Technical Computing
Creators: name: Patterson, Evan
name: Lynch, Owen
name: Fairbanks, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many mathematical objects can be represented as functors from finitely-presented categories $\mathsf{C}$ to $\mathsf{Set}$. For instance, graphs are functors to $\mathsf{Set}$ from the category with two parallel arrows. Such functors are known informally as $\mathsf{C}$-sets. In this paper, we describe and implement an extension of $\mathsf{C}$-sets having data attributes with fixed types, such as graphs with labeled vertices or real-valued edge weights. We call such structures "acsets," short for "attributed $\mathsf{C}$-sets." Derived from previous work on algebraic databases, acsets are a joint generalization of graphs and data frames. They also encompass more elaborate graph-like objects such as wiring diagrams and Petri nets with rate constants. We develop the mathematical theory of acsets and then describe a generic implementation in the Julia programming language, which uses advanced language features to achieve performance comparable with specialized data structures.
description: 27 pages, 7 figures
Sichtbarkeit von Rassismus im Kolonialismus in Schweizer Geschichtsbüchern der Sekundarstufe I. Eine Analyse von Schulbüchern aus fachwissenschaftlicher und didaktischer Sicht
Creators: name: Nguyen, Quoc Dat
Publisher: name: Pädagogische Hochschule FHNW
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 300 - Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie
subject: 370 - Erziehung, Schul- und Bildungswesen

description: Rassismus ist in der Politik und Gesellschaft ein hochaktuelles Themenfeld. Der Kampf gegen Rassismus löste mit der Protestbewegung «Black Lives Matter» und der umstrittenen Auseinandersetzung mit dem Begriff «Mohrenkopf» in der Schweiz eine politische Debatte aus. Die Beibehaltung und der Verkauf der Marke Dublers «Mohrenköpfe» sowie die Einladung der drei Weissen als drei von vier Hauptgästen in der SRF-Arena Sendung «Jetzt reden wir Schwarzen» im Zuge des «Black Lives Matters» zeigen das fehlende Bewusstsein und die lückenhafte Auseinandersetzung mit dem Rassismus in der Schweizer Bevölkerung. Den Schwarzen wird nach wie vor zu wenig zugehört und keine ausreichende Plattform für ihr Anliegen geboten. Die SRF-Journalistin und Moderatorin Angélique Beldner spricht in der Filmreportage «Rassismus in der Schweiz» über die Herausforderung, als Schwarze unter den Weissen zu leben. Menschen wachsen in kolonial-rassistischen Strukturen auf und bewegen sich in diesen Diskriminierungsverhältnissen (Marmer & Sow, 2015: 227f.). Viele Leute wachsen unbewusst mit Stereotypen und subtilen Vorurteilen auf, die sie als selbstverständlich erachten und praktizieren folglich unbewusst Diskriminierung (Wa Baile et al., 2019: 86). Der Rassismus hat seine Wurzeln im Kolonialismus und wird auch Kolonialrassismus genannt. Er diente den Kolonialherren als Rechtfertigung ihrer rassistischen Handlungen für die Ausbeutung und Aneignung des afrikanischen Kontinents. Bis heute prägt Kolonialrassismus in weiterentwickelter Form das Zusammenleben und wirkt bis heute in Denk- und Deutungsmustern der Gesellschaft (Bönkost & Apraku, 2016: 2f.). Studien zeigen, dass Schulbücher stereotype Vorstellungen bis in die Gegenwart transportieren, rassistische Inhalte aufweisen und dies Einfluss auf das gesellschaftliche Zusammenleben hat. In jüngster Zeit hat sich laut Ritzer (2020: 8) etwas bewegt und jüngere Schulbücher seien mehr auf rassistische Diskriminierungen sensibilisiert. Basierend auf Herausforderungen und Erkenntnissen von Rassismus geht die vorliegende Masterarbeit der Frage nach, inwiefern die Auseinandersetzung mit rassistischen Narrativen im Kolonialismus in den Schweizer Geschichtslehrmitteln der Sekundarstufe I veranschaulicht wird. Hierfür wurden Schulgeschichtsbücher gestützt auf das Analyseraster von Schreiber und Schöner (2006) verglichen. Daraus wurden Ergebnisse vorgestellt und analysiert, um konkrete Vorschläge für die Behandlung von Rassismus im Geschichtsunterricht in Form von Lernaufgaben abgeben zu können.
Strongly Sublinear Algorithms for Testing Pattern Freeness
Creators: name: Newman, Ilan
name: Varma, Nithin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.2
subject: 68W20, 68W25

description: For a permutation $π:[k] \to [k]$, a function $f:[n] \to \mathbb{R}$ contains a $π$-appearance if there exists $1 \leq i_1 < i_2 < \dots < i_k \leq n$ such that for all $s,t \in [k]$, $f(i_s) < f(i_t)$ if and only if $π(s) < π(t)$. The function is $π$-free if it has no $π$-appearances. In this paper, we investigate the problem of testing whether an input function $f$ is $π$-free or whether $f$ differs on at least $\varepsilon n$ values from every $π$-free function. This is a generalization of the well-studied monotonicity testing and was first studied by Newman, Rabinovich, Rajendraprasad and Sohler (Random Structures and Algorithms 2019). We show that for all constants $k \in \mathbb{N}$, $\varepsilon \in (0,1)$, and permutation $π:[k] \to [k]$, there is a one-sided error $\varepsilon$-testing algorithm for $π$-freeness of functions $f:[n] \to \mathbb{R}$ that makes $\tilde{O}(n^{o(1)})$ queries. We improve significantly upon the previous best upper bound $O(n^{1 - 1/(k-1)})$ by Ben-Eliezer and Canonne (SODA 2018). Our algorithm is adaptive, while the earlier best upper bound is known to be tight for nonadaptive algorithms.
description: 28 pages, 2 figures; We thank anonymous reviewers for comments that helped us significantly improve the presentation
Semiring Provenance for Büchi Games: Strategy Analysis with Absorptive Polynomials
Creators: name: Grädel, Erich
name: Lücking, Niels
name: Naaf, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents a case study for the application of semiring semantics for fixed-point formulae to the analysis of strategies in Büchi games. Semiring semantics generalizes the classical Boolean semantics by permitting multiple truth values from certain semirings. Evaluating the fixed-point formula that defines the winning region in a given game in an appropriate semiring of polynomials provides not only the Boolean information on who wins, but also tells us how they win and which strategies they might use. This is well-understood for reachability games, where the winning region is definable as a least fixed point. The case of Büchi games is of special interest, not only due to their practical importance, but also because it is the simplest case where the fixed-point definition involves a genuine alternation of a greatest and a least fixed point. We show that, in a precise sense, semiring semantics provide information about all absorption-dominant strategies -- strategies that win with minimal effort, and we discuss how these relate to positional and the more general persistent strategies. This information enables applications such as game synthesis or determining minimal modifications to the game needed to change its outcome. Lastly, we discuss limitations of our approach and present questions that cannot be immediately answered by semiring semantics.
Supplementary document for A single-model multi-task deep learning network for recognition and quantitation of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy - 6094638.pdf
Creators: name: xie, Luyuan
name: Shen, Yujian
name: Zhang, Meng
name: zhong, yan
name: Lu, Yi
name: Yang, Longkun
name: Li, Zhipeng
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2025
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Schemes of PHE and ROS molecular structures; SERS spectra of mixture substances; Accuracies comparison by using different loss functions; Preparation of serum samples
Simulations of primary beam effects on the cosmic bispectrum phase observed with the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array
Creators: name: Charles, N.
name: Bernardi, G.
name: Bester, H. L.
name: Smirnov, O. M.
name: Carilli, C.
name: Keller, P. M.
name: Kern, N.
name: Nikolic, B.
name: Thyagarajan, N.
name: Acedo, E. de Lera
name: Fagnoni, N.
name: Santos, M. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The 21~cm transition from neutral Hydrogen promises to be the best observational probe of the Epoch of Reionisation. The main difficulty in measuring the 21 cm signal is the presence of bright foregrounds that require very accurate interferometric calibration. Closure quantities may circumvent the calibration requirements but may be, however, affected by direction dependent effects, particularly antenna primary beam responses. This work investigates the impact of antenna primary beams affected by mutual coupling on the closure phase and its power spectrum. Our simulations show that primary beams affected by mutual coupling lead to a leakage of foreground power into the EoR window, which can be up to $\sim4$ orders magnitude higher than the case where no mutual coupling is considered. This leakage is, however, essentially confined at $k < 0.3$~$h$~Mpc$^{-1}$ for triads that include 29~m baselines. The leakage magnitude is more pronounced when bright foregrounds appear in the antenna sidelobes, as expected. Finally, we find that triads that include mutual coupling beams different from each other have power spectra similar to triads that include the same type of mutual coupling beam, indicating that beam-to-beam variation within triads (or visibility pairs) is not the major source of foreground leakage in the EoR window.
Engaging with sustainability through collaborative and transdisciplinary approaches to education
Creators: name: Byrne, Edmond P.
name: Mullally, Gerard
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: Sustainability is a normative topic framed by disciplinary perspectives. This can be problematic as the tools that are used and applied to meta-problems and ‘grand challenges’ associated with societal (un)sustainability, and which may result in proposed ‘sustainable solutions’, are framed through the lens of the ‘object world’ disciplinarian. Traditional engineering education and practice has tended to frame problems in narrow techno-economic terms, often neglecting broader social, environmental, ethical and political issues; or what might be termed the social complexities of problems (Bucciarelli, 2008; Mulder et al., 2012). This reductionist approach has sought to close down risk and uncertainty through deterministic modelling and design, resulting in frameworks/models which provide an air of misplaced confidence but which are incapable of accounting for (or recognising) unknowability, and can thus lead to behaviour which ironically, results in increased fragility, rather than promoting increased robustness or resilience. Researchers in the social sciences and humanities are inherently more comfortable and adept with dealing with complexity, uncertainty and unknowability. This paper is posited in this context, whereby chemical engineering and sociology students taking respective disciplinary sustainability/environmental modules were brought together to work on a common assignment dealing with some aspect of sustainability. This paper reflects on this collaborative exercise, including the experiences of the students themselves, alongside some challenges and successes. It concludes that transdisciplinary approaches to learning are not just desirable in addressing wicked and meta-problems when addressing challenges of (un)sustainability, but represent a sine qua non for building the social capacity in confronting these issues.
Holographic models of composite Higgs in the Veneziano limit. Part II. Fermionic sector
Creators: name: Elander, Daniel
name: Frigerio, Michele
name: Knecht, Marc
name: Kneur, Jean-Loic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We continue our study of strongly-coupled, approximately scale-invariant gauge theories with a large number of flavours, which provide a suitable ultraviolet completion of the composite-Higgs scenario. We identify the requisite operators to realise partial compositeness of the Standard-Model fermions. In order to compute the spectrum of composite fermionic states, we extend the bottom-up holographic models, which we previously introduced to capture the main features of the non-perturbative dynamics in the Veneziano limit, by adding fermion fields in the bulk. We identify regions in parameter space where some fermionic bound states become light, depending in particular on the number of flavours, the operator scaling dimensions, and the bulk Yukawa couplings. We also observe a dense spectrum of states, when multi-scale dynamics is induced by a large backreaction of bulk scalars on the geometry. Adapting the formalism of the holographic Wilsonian renormalisation group, we study the linear coupling between the composite and elementary fermions, as a function of energy scale. We find that, in some circumstances, the associated operators are dangerously irrelevant: the renormalisation-group flow gives rise to a large linear coupling in the infrared, even when it is irrelevant from the point of view of the ultraviolet fixed point. We finally compute the partially composite spectrum, correlate it with the analysis of the flow, and assess the potential phenomenological implications, e.g. for the top-quark partners.
description: Version published in JHEP. Clarifications added, especially in sections 4.3 and 4.6, with two new figures. Typos fixed and references added
Representing polynomial of ST-CONNECTIVITY
Creators: name: Iraids, Jānis
name: Smotrovs, Juris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: G.2.2
subject: 05C40, 06B99

description: We show that the coefficients of the representing polynomial of any monotone Boolean function are the values of the Möbius function of an atomistic lattice related to this function. Using this we determine the representing polynomial of any Boolean function corresponding to a ST-CONNECTIVITY problem in acyclic quivers (directed acyclic multigraphs). Only monomials corresponding to unions of paths have non-zero coefficients which are $(-1)^D$ where $D$ is an easily computable function of the quiver corresponding to the monomial (it is the number of plane regions in the case of planar graphs). We determine that the number of monomials with non-zero coefficients for the two-dimensional $n \times n$ grid connectivity problem is $2^{Ω(n^2)}$.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures
On the collapsing of Calabi-Yau manifolds and Kähler-Ricci flows
Creators: name: Li, Yang
name: Tosatti, Valentino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 32Q25, 32Q20, 32W20, 14J32, 53C25

description: We study the collapsing of Calabi-Yau metrics and of Kahler-Ricci flows on fiber spaces where the base is smooth. We identify the collapsed Gromov-Hausdorff limit of the Kahler-Ricci flow when the divisorial part of the discriminant locus has simple normal crossings. In either setting, we also obtain an explicit bound for the real codimension 2 Hausdorff measure of the Cheeger-Colding singular set, and identify a sufficient condition from birational geometry to understand the metric behavior of the limiting metric on the base.
description: 37 pages; final version to appear in J. Reine Angew. Math; typos fixed
Hilfsuntereinheiten kontrollieren Funktion und subzelluläre Verteilung von AMPA-Rezeptoren in NG2-Gliazellen des sich entwickelnden Hippokampus
Creators: name: Hardt, Stefan Ulrich
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: NG2
subject: Glia
subject: Hippokampus
subject: AMPA
subject: TARP
subject: ddc:610

description: NG2-Gliazellen verfügen über funktionelle Glutamat-Rezeptoren vom AMPA-Subtyp und werden als einzige nicht-neuronale Zellen im Gehirn direkt von Nervenzellen synaptisch innerviert. Der Hippokampus gilt als Schlüsselregion für Lernen und Gedächtnisbildung. Die Funktion der neuroglialen Synapse in dieser Hirnregion ist jedoch noch weitgehend unerforscht. Hippokampale NG2-Gliazellen exprimieren heteromere AMPA-Rezeptoren der Untereinheitenzusammensetzung GluA1-4 und weisen im frühen postnatalen Alter eine signifikante Ca2+-Permeabilität auf, die die Plastizität der neuroglialen Synapsen ermöglicht. Die funktionelle Vielfalt von AMPA-Rezeptoren wir durch Interaktion mit transmembranösen Regulationsproteine des AMPA-Rezeptors (TARP) und anderen regulatorischen Proteinen noch erheblich erweitert.
 Ziel der Arbeit war herauszufinden, welche regulatorischen Proteine der AMPA-Rezeptoren in hippokampalen NG2-Gliazellen exprimiert werden, ob sich diese Expression während der postnatalen Entwicklung verändert und ob eine Korrelation zwischen der Expression Ca2+-permeabler AMPA-Rezeptoren und bestimmten TARP-Untereinheiten besteht.
 Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass hippokampale NG2-Gliazellen TARP γ4, γ7 und γ8 sowie das Cornichon Homolog CNIH-2 exprimieren. Die Expression der Hilfsproteine wird insgesamt im Lauf der postnatalen Entwicklung herabreguliert. Das ist insbesondere für TARP γ8 und CNIH-2 der Fall. Hippokampale NG2-Gliazellen weisen ein Mosaik von Ca2+-permeablen und Ca2+-impermeablen AMPA-Rezeptoren auf, die jeweils sowohl am Soma als auch in den Fortsätzen lokalisiert sind. Die Sensitivität gegenüber spezifischen Inhibitoren Ca2+-permeabler AMPA-Rezeptoren nimmt entwicklungsabhängig zu, wobei dies insbesondere Rezeptoren am Soma betrifft. Ca2+-permeable AMPA-Rezeptoren enthalten GluA3- und GluA4-Untereinheiten und sind möglicherweise mit TARP γ7 und CNIH-2 assoziiert. Ca2+-impermeable AMPA-Rezeptoren enthalten hingegen GluA2 und scheinen sowohl mit TARP γ4 und γ8 als auch mit CNIH-2 Rezeptorkomplexe zu bilden.