title: Visualisations and interaction gestures
title: enhancing the football watching experience via second screen
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Sezen, Ege
Publisher: name: Lancaster University
Year: 2017
Subjects: TV
Second screen
Football
interaction design
information visualisation
information graphics
bar charts
plain numbers
user experience
Audience
Prototyping
information retrieval
tapping
swiping
touchscreen gesture
interaction

description: Advancements in mobile technologies and the Internet have changed the
      habits of TV audiences. As a result, second screen, which can be defined
      as a form of companion device use to augment TV watching experience, is
      emerging as a practice. Research shows that a considerable proportion of
      TV football audiences use second screen when they watch football matches
      on TV. However, certain details regarding the usage of second screen and
      how they affect the users’ watching experience are unknown. This thesis
      investigates how most common visualisations of certain match-related
      information on second screen affect the watching experience of football
      matches on TV. This research also investigates how the most used and newly
      emerging interaction gestures for the retrieval of match-related
      information via second screen influence the watching experience of
      football matches on TV. Furthermore, this research provides design
      recommendations for second screen applications in terms of visualisations
      and interaction gestures. The design recommendations address to ensure an
      effective and enjoyable presentation of match-related information adapted
      to the users’ needs. In order to achieve this, questions such as how
      memorable and enjoyable most common types of visualisations are, if there
      is a trade of between them, and what other relevant factors impact on the
      viewing experience are considered.
      
      
      To address the questions, first, an initial literature review is conducted
      to analyse how people have experienced football. This is followed by the
      analysis of people’s behaviour of seeking match-related information on
      second screen. The findings revealed that match statistics are one of the
      most sought types of match-related information and smartphones are the
      most used as second screen. For this reason, the visualisations of match
      statistics in mobile football apps and websites are evaluated. On top of
      that, the interaction gestures that were used in those apps and websites
      were identified.
      
      
      Two types of visualisation and interaction gestures were compared in
      prototype experiments in terms of their effectiveness, memorability and
      enjoyment. The findings revealed that different visualisations and
      interaction gestures had different effects in terms of effectiveness and
      enjoyment on the watching experience. Specifically, plain number
      visualisation seems to be less effective and enjoyed than bar charts in
      general. However, plain numbers seemed to be slightly more memorable than
      bar charts when the information access through second screen occurred in
      active gameplay. In addition, tapping for information retrieval on second
      screen seems be more effective and enjoyable than swiping in general
      except the performance of recalling verbatim match statistics seems to be
      slightly better with swiping when second screen activity is performed in
      non-active gameplay. Therefore, the findings recommend that different
      purposes need to be considered for the design of the relevant apps and
      websites in this regard.