cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Role of ATF4 in dietary sulfur amino acid restriction
Creators: name: Margolies, Nicholas
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2018

description: Dietary sulfur amino acid restriction (SAAR) increases food intake and energy expenditure and improves body composition. Dietary SAAR activates the integrated stress response (ISR), which orchestrates transcriptional changes through activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a hepatokine and ATF4 target which affects food and fluid intake, energy expenditure, and body composition. To determine whether ATF4 is needed to increase food and fluid intake and energy expenditure, improve body composition, and alter hepatic gene expression during SAAR, male and female wild type (WT) and Atf4-/- (KO) mice were maintained on a high fat (60% fat by Kcal) control (0.86% Met, 0% Cys) or high fat SAAR (0.12% Met, 0% Cys) diet for 5 weeks. SAAR increased hepatic Fgf21 and water intake independently of ATF4 in males and females. In males, SAAR increased food intake and energy expenditure independently of ATF4, while females showed no response. SAAR improved body composition in WT males but not females and did not prevent increased adiposity in male KO mice. ATF4 is required for protection from adiposity but not for increased food and water intake, energy expenditure, or hepatic Fgf21 expression during SAAR. FGF21 does not work exclusively through an ATF4-FGF21 axis and may be driving ATF4-independent responses to SAAR.
title: In-hospital Depression Predicts Early Hospital Readmission after an Acute Coronary Syndrome: Preliminary Data from TRACE-CORE
Creators: name: McManus, David D.
name: Saczynski, Jane S.
name: Waring, Molly E.
name: Anatchkova, Milena D.
name: McManus, Richard H.
name: Goldberg, Robert J.
name: Allison, Jeroan J.
name: Parish, David C.
name: Awad, Hamza H.
name: Gurwitz, Jerry H.
name: Ash, Arlene S.
name: Kiefe, Catarina I.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2014

description: Background: Hospital systems, patients and providers seek to avert rehospitalizations within 30 days for patients admitted with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Rehospitalizations within 30 days of discharge are often considered preventable and to reflect poor in-hospital management or discharge practices. However, independent associations of psychosocial factors with early rehospitalization in patients admitted with an ACS have not been examined.

Methods: A multi-racial cohort of 1,540 patients admitted with an ACS reported psychosocial factors via standardized questionnaires in an in-hospital interview. One month following discharge, patients were interviewed via phone and reported hospital readmissions. We used logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the association between in-hospital psychosocial characteristics (depression, anxiety, and perceived stress), health literacy and numeracy, and cognitive status, with self-reported readmission within 30 days.

Results: Participants were 34% female and 17% non-white, with a mean age of 62 years and a mean length of stay of 4.1 days. Rehospitalization was reported for 14% (n=208) of participants, 77% of which were due to CVD. In univariate analyses, in-hospital severe depression, anxiety, and high stress were associated with higher odds of early readmission, whereas low health numeracy was associated with lower odds of early readmission. Severe depression remained associated with higher odds and low health numeracy remained associated with lower odds of early readmission in a multivariable model including covariates associated on univariate testing with rehospitalization.

Conclusions: Early readmission after hospitalization for an ACS was common and associated with in-hospital depression and health numeracy. Notably, depression and health numeracy were the only predictors independently associated with readmission in multivariable analyses. We speculate that the lower likelihood of readmission for those with low numeracy may be related to less engagement with the healthcare system. In-hospital screening for depression and characterization of health numeracy may help stratify risk for early rehospitalization after an ACS.
Kinetic evolution of the glasma and thermalization in heavy ion collisions
Creators: name: Huang, Xu-Guang
name: Liao, Jinfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In relativistic heavy ion collisions, a highly occupied gluonic matter is created shortly after initial impact, which is in a non-thermal state and often referred to as the Glasma. Successful phenomenology suggests that the glasma evolves rather quickly toward the thermal quark-gluon plasma and a hydrodynamic behavior emerges at very early time $\sim \hat{o}(1)$ fm/c. Exactly how such "apparent thermalization" occurs and connects the initial conditions to the hydrodynamic onset, remains a significant challenge for theory as well as phenomenology. We briefly review various ideas and recent progress in understanding the approach of the glasma to the thermalized quark-gluon plasma, with an emphasis on the kinetic theory description for the evolution of such far-from-equilibrium and highly overpopulated, thus weakly-coupled yet strongly interacting glasma.
description: V1: 39 pages, 5 figures, invited review for Int. J. Mod. Phys. E. V2: published version
Denseness results in the theory of algebraic fields
Creators: name: Anscombe, Sylvy
name: Dittmann, Philip
name: Fehm, Arno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03C60, 12L12, 12J12, 12J15

description: We study when the property that a field is dense in its real and p-adic closures is elementary in the language of rings and deduce that all models of the theory of algebraic fields have this property.
description: 19 pages
Herschel-PACS Measurements of Nitrogen Enrichment in Nebulae around Wolf-Rayet Stars
Creators: name: Stock, D. J.
name: Barlow, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For three nebulae that have early-WN Wolf-Rayet exciting stars, NGC 6888, WR 8 and Abell 48, we have obtained Herschel-PACS line scans of the [N III] 57 um and [O III] 88 micron lines, along with the 122 and 205 micron lines of [N II]. From the former two lines we have derived N$^{2+}$/O$^{2+}$ abundance ratios, equal to the overall N/O ratio under a wide range of nebular conditions. We find that all of the nebulae observed possess significant nitrogen enrichment, with derived N/O ratios greater than solar. The two nebulae with massive Wolf-Rayet exciting stars, NGC 6888 and WR8 are found to have N/O ratios that are enhanced by factors of 7 - 10 relative to the solar N/O ratio, consistent with an origin as material ejected just before the onset of the Wolf-Rayet phase. The other nebula, Abell 48, has recently been reclassified as a member of the rare class of three planetary nebulae that have early-WN central stars and are not of Peimbert Type I. We derive a nebular N/O ratio for it that is a factor of 4 enhanced relative to solar and slightly above the range of N/O values that have been measured for the other three members of its [WN] planetary nebula class.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, MNRAS accepted
On the cohomology of arrangements of subtori
Creators: name: Moci, Luca
name: Pagaria, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14N20

description: Given an arrangement of subtori of arbitrary codimension in a torus, we compute the cohomology groups of the complement. Then, using the Leray spectral sequence, we describe the multiplicative structure on the graded cohomology. We also provide a differential model for the cohomology ring by considering a toric wonderful model and its Morgan algebra. Finally we focus on the divisorial case, proving a new presentation for the cohomology of toric arrangements.
description: 25 pages. In this version a new Section was added, containing a presentation for the cohomology ring of toric arrangements. Furthermore the other sections were expanded to improve readability
NIEES Energy Ethics Background Readings Bibliography
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2013
Subjects: Communicating Science and Engineering
Controversies
Cultural Awareness and Sensitivity
Energy
Environmental Justice
Ethics and Society
Governance
Law and Public Policy
Privacy and Surveillance
Public Well-being
Responsible Innovation
Risk
Social Justice
Social Responsibility
Sustainability

description: This lists the background readings for the National Institute on Energy Ethics, and Society (NIEES) held at Arizona State University in April 2013.
Conductivities for Hyperscaling Violating Geometries
Creators: name: Karch, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that many results about holographic conductivities in geometries with hyperscaling violating scaling can be reproduced from simple scaling laws in the dual field theory. We show that the electro-magnetic response of probe branes in these systems require at least one additional scaling parameter Phi beyond the usual dynamical exponent z and hyperscaling violating exponent theta, as also pointed out in earlier work. We show that the scaling exponents can be chosen in such a way that the temperature dependence of DC conductivity and Hall angle in strange metals can be reproduced.
description: 16 pages; v2: references added; v3: comparison to Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton system added; version to appear in JHEP
Social Justice, Climate Change & Engineering Education Bibliography (UVa)
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2014
Subjects: Catastrophes, Hazards, Disasters
Climate Change
Communicating Science and Engineering
Controversies
Environmental Justice
Ethics and Society
Governance
Law and Public Policy
Public Well-being
Risk
Social and Political Conflict
Social Justice
Sustainability

description: This bibliography was compiled by researchers at the University of Virginia as part of the NAE Climate Change Educational Partnership planning project. Jan. 20, 2012.
On the lower bound of the number of abelian varieties over $\mathbb{F}_p$
Creators: name: Lee, Jungin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11G10, 11G25

description: In this paper, we prove that the number $B(p,g)$ of isomorphism classes of abelian varieties over a prime field $\mathbb{F}_p$ of dimension $g$ has a lower bound $p^{\frac{1}{2} g^2 (1+o(1))}$ as $g \rightarrow \infty$. This is the first nontrivial result on the lower bound of $B(p,g)$. We also improve the upper bound $2^{34g^2} p^{\frac{69}{4} g^2 (1+o(1))}$ of $B(p,g)$ given by Lipnowski and Tsimerman (Duke Math. J. 167:3403-3453, 2018) to $p^{\frac{45}{4} g^2(1+o(1))}$.
description: 20 pages, to appear in IMRN
title: Transthoracic Bioimpedance Monitoring Predicts Heart Failure Decompensation and Early Readmission after Heart Failure Hospitalization: Preliminary Data from SENTINEL-HF
Creators: name: McManus, David D.
name: Riistema, Jarno
name: Saczynski, Jane S.
name: Sert Kuniyoshi, Fatima
name: Rock, Joseph
name: Meyer, Theo E.
name: en Teuling, Niek G.P.
name: Goldberg, Robert J.
name: Darling, Chad E.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2014

description: Background: Patients, providers, and health systems are focused on reducing readmissions for patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). Readmission after hospitalization is common and often secondary to HF decompensation, but it remains challenging to identify patients at-risk. Bioimpedance is a validated marker of thoracic fluid accumulation. We examined whether transthoracic bioimpedance, measured using a Fluid Accumulation Vest (FAV), predicted HF decompensation in advance of a clinical event in patients discharged after ADHF.

Methods: Participants included 42 patients hospitalized for ADHF. Participants were trained on the use of a FAV-smartphone dyad to obtain and transmit a 5-minute bioimpedance measurement once daily for 45-days after discharge. Readmission and diuretic dosing adjustments were identified using participant report and causes adjudicated using medical records. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and C-statistics were calculated to describe the characteristics of a bioimpedance based algorithm as a predictor of HF decompensation 3 or 7-days in advance of the clinical event.

Results: Participants (mean age 69 ± 12 years, 43% female, 88% white, 11% cognitively impaired, 12% depressed) had a mean ejection fraction of 50 ± 18%. HF-related rehospitalization occurred in 10% (n=4) and 10% (n=4) reported diuretic up-titration during the 45-day follow-up. An algorithm analyzing bioimpedance up to 3 or 7 days prior to an event was related to HF readmission (C statistics for 3 and 7 days = 0.83, 0.94, respectively) and the combined outcome of HF hospitalization or diuretic up-titration (C statistics for 3 and 7 days = 0.76, 0.80, respectively).

Conclusions: Early readmission after hospitalization for ADHF was common and predicted up to 7 days in advance by an algorithm analyzing transthoracic bioimpedance. Despite their advanced age and high burden of comorbid diseases, study participants with ADHF were able to make daily bioimpedance measurements using a FAV and transmit them using a smartphone. Transthoracic bioimpedance monitoring may offer possibilities for reducing HF readmissions by enabling identification and treatment of outpatients with early HF decompensation.
3D Tomography of MHD Fluctuations in the H-1NF Heliac
Creators: name: Haskey, S. R.
name: Blackwell, B. D.
name: Seiwald, B.
name: Howard, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A 3D tomographic reconstruction technique is described for inversion of a set of limited-angle high-resolution 2D visible light emission projections (extended in the vertical and toroidal directions) of global MHD eigenmodes in the H-1NF heliac. This paper deals with some of the features and challenges that arise in the application of tomographic imaging systems to toroidal devices, especially limited viewing access and the strong shaping of optimised stellarator/heliotron configurations. The fluctuations are represented as a finite sum of Fourier modes characterised by toroidal and poloidal mode numbers having fixed amplitude and phase in a set of nested cylindrical flux volumes in Boozer space. The complex amplitude is calculated using iterative tomographic inversion techniques such as ART, SIRT and standard linear least-squares methods. The tomography is applied to synchronous camera images of singly charged carbon impurity ion emission at 514nm obtained at three discrete poloidal viewing orientations. It is shown that the 2D amplitude and phase projections provide high quality reconstructions of the radial structure of the fluctuations that are compact in Boozer space and allow clear determination of the poloidal mode number as well as some degree of toroidal mode number differentiation.
title: A Comparison of Wrist and Hip Accelerometer Output at Different Walking Speeds
Creators: name: Mendoza, Albert R.
name: Hickey, Amanda M.
name: Gruber, Allison H.
name: Staudenmayer, John
name: Freedson, Patty S.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2014

description: Physical activity has been objectively measured using hip-worn accelerometers for decades. However, wrist-worn accelerometers are currently used in large-scale studies. Differences in wrist and hip dynamics during locomotion may affect monitor output, which may impact how prediction models are built. PURPOSE: To compare ActiGraph™ wrist and hip accelerations (g’s) at varying locomotion speeds. METHODS: Participants (N = 7) wore ActiGraph™ GT3X+ accelerometers on the dominant wrist and hip (sampling rate 80Hz). They performed three 5-minute trials at self-paced (SP), slow (SL), and fast (F) over-ground walking speeds. Mean and standard deviation of the vector magnitude (VM) were calculated from two 20-s data windows per condition. Linear mixed-effects models were used to determine if the relationship was different between speed and vector VM at the hip and wrist. RESULTS: Significant differences were found between the slopes (speed vs VM) of the hip m = 0.052 (95% CI: 0.033, 0.103) compared to the wrist m = 0.195 (95% CI: 0.160, 0.230) p<0.001. DISCUSSION: The results show that ActiGraph™ wrist and hip accelerations (g’s) differ at varying locomotion speeds. There is a curvilinear increase in VM at the wrist as locomotion speed increases, whereas there is a linear increase in VM at the hip as locomotion speed increases. The pattern of change of wrist VM is different and more variable between subjects compared to hip VM, which may impact measurement error and model development. Additionally, wrist VM is more responsive to changes in speed than hip VM, suggesting that a wrist worn accelerometer may be more sensitive to locomotion intensity.
title: Use of the Spine AdVerse Events Severity (SAVES) System to Categorize and Report Adverse Events in Spine Surgery.
Creators: name: Wagner, P. J.
name: Ailon, T.
name: Zhou, H.
name: Pascal, Scott
name: Harrigan, M. B.
name: Stauff, Michael
name: Lapinsky, Anthony
name: Connolly, Patrick J.
name: DiPaola, Christian P.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2014

description: Introduction: Analysis of adverse events (AEs) in spine surgery has historically been retrospective, utilizing hospital administrative data. Our objective was to determine the incidence, severity and effect on hospital length of stay (LOS) for AEs in spine surgery using the Spine AdVerse Events Severity (SAVES V2) system.

Methods: AEs for all surgical spine patients at our institution were prospectively collected for 18 months and correlated with retrospective data from operative reports and H&Ps. Statistical analyses compared patient demographics, diagnoses, and surgical characteristics to hospital length of stay and likelihood of adverse events.

Results: This system captured 75% (765/977) of surgical cases for all indications over the study period. 73% (541/743) of patients experienced at least one AE, with an average of 1.2 AEs per patient (range 0-5). The most common AEs were pain control (31%), urinary retention (9.7%), wound infection (6.3%), and incidental durotomy (5.8%). For patients experiencing at least one AE, 30% had no effect on LOS, 48% increased LOS by 1-2 days, 15% increased LOS by 3-7 days, and 7% had prolonged LOS greater than 8 days. Our system captured 25.4% more adverse events (60.0% vs. 34.6%) than hospital administrative data. Univariate analysis revealed patient age, emergent surgery, diagnostic and surgical categories, and spine region to be predictors of both AEs and LOS. Instrumentation was predictive of increased LOS but not AEs. The type of AE was strongly associated with LOS. Multivariable analysis of AE likelihood demonstrated emergent surgery to be the strongest independent predictor with an adjusted odds ratio of 8.5 versus elective surgery.

Discussion: Spine surgery is associated with a high incidence of adverse events, which often prolong hospital length of stay. Better characterization of adverse events and their predictors could lead to improved management strategies that reduce patient morbidity and mortality.
The Hodge realization of the polylogarithm on the product of multiplicative groups
Creators: name: Bannai, Kenichi
name: Hagihara, Kei
name: Yamada, Kazuki
name: Yamamoto, Shuji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14C30, 11G55

description: The purpose of this article is to describe explicitly the polylogarithm class in absolute Hodge cohomology of a product of multiplicative groups, in terms of the Bloch-Wigner-Ramakrishnan polylogarithm functions. We will use the logarithmic Dolbeault complex defined by Burgos to calculate the corresponding absolute Hodge cohomology groups.
description: 28 pages
Enhanced ion-cavity coupling through cavity cooling in the strong coupling regime
Creators: name: Christoforou, Costas
name: Pignot, Corentin
name: Kassa, Ezra
name: Takahashi, Hiroki
name: Keller, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Incorporating optical cavities in ion traps is becoming increasingly important in the development of photonic quantum networks. However, the presence of the cavity can hamper efficient laser cooling of ions because of geometric constraints that the cavity imposes and an unfavourable Purcell effect that can modify the cooling dynamics substantially. On the other hand the coupling of the ion to the cavity can also be exploited to provide a mechanism to efficiently cool the ion. In this paper we demonstrate experimentally how cavity cooling can be implemented to improve the localisation of the ion and thus its coupling to the cavity. By using cavity cooling we obtain an enhanced ion-cavity coupling of $2π\times (16.7\pm 0.1)$ MHz, compared with $2π\times (15.2\pm 0.1)$ MHz when using only Doppler cooling.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
title: Africa Within the Justice System of the International Criminal Court
title: The Need for a Reform
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Kahombo, Balingene
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2018

description: This article re-examines the relationship between Africa and the International Criminal Court (ICC). It traces the successive changes of the African attitude towards this Court, from states' euphoria, to hostility against its work, to regional counter-initiatives through the umbrella of the African Union (AU). The main argument goes beyond the idea of "the Court that Africa wants" in order to identify concrete reasons behind such a formal argument which may have fostered, if not enticed, the majority of African states to become ICC members and actively cooperate with it, when paradoxically some great powers have decided to stay outside its jurisdiction. It also seeks to understand, from a political and legal viewpoint, which parameters have changed since then to provoke that hostile attitude against the Court's work and the entrance of the AU into the debate through the African Common Position on the ICC. Lastly, this article explores African alternatives to the contested ICC justice system. It examines the need to reform the Rome Statute in order to give more independence, credibility and legitimacy to the ICC and its duplication to some extent by the new "Criminal Court of the African Union". Particular attention is paid to the resistance against this idea to reform the ICC justice system.
description: KFG Working Paper Series, 2
Reconstructing the Chelyabinsk event: pre-impact orbital evolution
Creators: name: Marcos, C. de la Fuente
name: Marcos, R. de la Fuente
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Chelyabinsk superbolide was the largest known natural object to enter the Earth's atmosphere since the Tunguska event in 1908 and it has become a template to understand, manage and mitigate future impacts. Although the event has been documented in great detail, the actual pre-impact orbit of the parent body is still controversial. Here, we revisit this topic using an improved Monte Carlo approach that includes the coordinates of the impact point to compute the most probable solution for the pre-impact orbit (a = 1.62 au, e = 0.53, i = 3.97 degrees, Ω; = 326.45 and ω; = 109.71). We also check all the published solutions using a simple yet robust statistical test to show that many of them have problems to cause an impact at the right time. We use the improved orbit and N-body simulations to revisit the dynamical status of a putative Chelyabinsk asteroid family and confirm that it could be linked to resonant asteroids 2007 BD7 and 2011 EO40. In addition, and as the classification of Chelyabinsk meteorites is well established, a search for meteorite falls of the same chondrite group and petrologic type gives some evidence for the existence of an associated LL5 chondrite cluster.
description: 5+4 pages, 5+1 figures, 1+4 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters. Revised to reflect final version published in MNRAS
title: Abrüstungsverträge in der UNO
title: Disarmament Treaties in the UN
title: Chancen und Erwartungen
titleType: Subtitle
title: Chances and Expectations
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Kane, Angela
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2018

description: Das dritte Working Paper in der KFG Working Paper Series analysiert Zustand und Perspektiven völkerrechtlicher Abrüstungsverträge unter der Ägide der Vereinten Nationen. Während die dreißig Jahre zwischen der Kuba-Krise und dem Fall des Eisernen Vorhangs für die Abrüstung eine erfolgreiche Periode gewesen seien, seien in den Vereinten Nationen seither außer dem Waffenhandelsvertrag keine weiteren Abrüstungsverträge abgeschlossen worden. Die gegenwärtige Stimmung sei abwartend bis negativ, obwohl es ein Nachholbedürfnis gebe, Abrüstungsverträge an die heutigen politischen Gegebenheiten sowie an den Stand der Technik anzupassen. Die Verfasserin schlägt als Lösung vor, durch eine Politik der kleinen Schritte ein besseres Abrüstungsklima zu schaffen, indem dem Diskurs auf Grundlage zusätzlicher Protokolle zu bestehenden Verträgen und notfalls auch durch ein Ausweichen auf andere Gremien eine neue Richtung verliehen werde.
description: The third Working Paper of the KFG Working Paper series analyses the status and prospects of international disarmament treaties under the aegis of the United Nations. While the thirty years between the Cuban crisis and the fall of the Iron Curtain had been a productive period for reaching disarmament agreements, no further disarmament treaties have since been signed in the United Nations apart from the Arms Trade Treaty. The current expectation is cautious to negative, even though there is an urgent need to catch up with adapting disarmament treaties to current political conditions and the state of the technological warfare. The paper proposes to create a better climate for disarmament through a policy of small steps by redirecting the discourse on the basis of additional protocols to existing contracts and, if necessary, by switching to other bodies.
description: KFG Working Paper Series, 3
Effective field theory of modified gravity with two scalar fields: dark energy and dark matter
Creators: name: Gergely, László Á.
name: Tsujikawa, Shinji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a framework for discussing the cosmology of dark energy and dark matter based on two scalar degrees of freedom. An effective field theory of cosmological perturbations is employed. A unitary gauge choice renders the dark energy field into the gravitational sector, for which we adopt a generic Lagrangian depending on three-dimensional geometrical scalar quantities arising in the ADM decomposition. We add to this dark-energy associated gravitational sector a scalar field $ϕ$ and its kinetic energy $X$ as dark matter variables. Compared to the single-field case, we find that there are additional conditions to obey in order to keep the equations of motion for linear cosmological perturbations at second order. For such a second-order multi-field theory we derive conditions under which ghosts and Laplacian instabilities of the scalar and tensor perturbations are absent. We apply our general results to models with dark energy emerging in the framework of the Horndeski theory and dark matter described by a k-essence Lagrangian $P(ϕ,X)$. We derive the effective coupling between such an imperfect-fluid dark matter and the gravitational sector under the quasi-static approximation on sub-horizon scales. By considering the purely kinetic Lagrangian $P(X)$ as a particular case, the formalism is verified to reproduce the gravitational coupling of a perfect-fluid dark matter.
description: 20 pages, no figures
title: Colonial Injustices and the Law of State Responsibility
title: The CARICOM Claim for Reparations
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Buser, Andreas
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2018

description: Caribbean States organised in CARICOM recently brought forward reparation claims against several European States to compensate slavery and (native) genocides in the Caribbean and even threatened to approach the International Court of Justice. The paper provides for an analysis of the facts behind the CARICOM claim and asks whether the law of state responsibility is able to provide for the demanded compensation. As the intertemporal principle generally prohibits retroactive application of today’s international rules, the paper argues that the complete claim must be based on the law of state responsibility governing in the time of the respective conduct. An inquiry into the history of primary (prohibition of slavery and genocide) as well as secondary rules of State responsibility reveals that both sets of rules were underdeveloped or non-existent at the times of slavery and alleged (native) genocides. Therefore, the author concludes that the CARICOM claim is legally flawed but nevertheless worth the attention as it once again exposes imperial and colonial injustices of the past and their legitimization by historical international law and international/natural lawyers.
description: KFG Working Paper Series, 4
Asymptotic growth of Betti numbers of ordered configuration spaces on an elliptic curve
Creators: name: Pagaria, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55R80

description: We construct a dga to computing the cohomology of ordered configuration spaces on an algebraic variety with vanishing Euler characteristic. It follows that the $k$-th Betti number of $Conf(C,n)$ ($C$ is an elliptic curve) grows as a polynomial of degree exactly $2k-2$. We also compute $H^k(Conf(C,n))$ for $k \leq 5$ and arbitrary $n$.
description: 16 pages, 11 tables
title: Automatic Article Screening in Systematic Review
Creators: name: Wang, Tong
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2014

description: In recent years, evidence-based medicine has become increasingly important in guiding health care practices. Systematic review, which is the core component of evidence-based medicine, attempts to identify and synthesize all the empirical evidence from online resources such as pubmed to answer a given research question. Usually a clinical researcher needs to choose dozens of related articles as references to work on systematic review. However, there are usually thousand of articles retried from pubmed after keywords searching, it is time consuming to read each of the articles to find the right ones. My work is to apply text mining and machine learning techniques to screen articles automatically, to minimize the articles set without losing any right ones. This project is processing from three aspects: words, sentences and articles. Words are analyzed by counting term frequency, sentences are by parsing syntactic structures and semantic analyzing, articles are by analyzing general features like author, how many articles reference it. And the data sets are imbalance since the ‘right’ articles are only a very small part. So there are a lot of challenges to be addressed. My work is currently focusing on words level, to try different feature selection methods and classifiers to improve the performance.
Classification of full exceptional collections on smooth toric Fano varieties with Picard rank two
Creators: name: Lee, Dae-Won
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14J26, 14M05

description: In this paper, we give the complete classification of full exceptional collections on smooth toric Fano threefolds and fourfolds with Picard rank two. To be precise, we give a partial answer to the conjecture in \cite{Kuz} and \cite{LYY}: we provide all the exceptional collections of maximal length and prove that they are in fact full exceptional collections.
description: Comments welcome. Some references added
BCFW recursion for off-shell gluons
Creators: name: van Hameren, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown how tree-level multi-gluon helicity amplitudes with an arbitrary number of off-shell external gluons can be calculated via BCFW recursion. Compact expressions for helicity amplitudes for scattering processes of three and four gluons, with up to three of them off-shell, are presented. Also, maximum-helicity-violating configurations are identified for up to two off-shell gluons, and the expressions for their helicity amplitudes for an arbitrary number of on-shell gluons are derived.
description: 24 pages, report number corrected
Multivariate volume, Ehrhart, and $h^*$-polynomials of polytropes
Creators: name: Brandenburg, Marie-Charlotte
name: Elia, Sophia
name: Zhang, Leon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14T05, 52A38, 52B55, 52B20, 13P10

description: The univariate Ehrhart and $h^*$-polynomials of lattice polytopes have been widely studied. We describe methods from toric geometry for computing multivariate versions of volume, Ehrhart and $h^*$-polynomials of lattice polytropes, which are both tropically and classically convex. These algorithms are applied to all polytropes of dimensions 2,3 and 4, yielding a large class of integer polynomials. We give a complete combinatorial description of the coefficients of volume polynomials of 3-dimensional polytropes in terms of regular central subdivisions of the fundamental polytope. Finally, we provide a partial characterization of the analogous coefficients in dimension 4.
description: 24 pages
The influence of network structures and information seeking uncertainty on information seeking behavior
Creators: name: Matni, Ziad Albert
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2018

description: People utilize their social networks to get to resources, tangible or otherwise, that aid them in their everyday lives. Information scientists have shown that network characteristics of information structures can indeed influence human information searching and browsing behavior. However, we do not have enough detail on what particular network characteristics may influence information seeking behavior. There is an incomplete picture of the how network structures influence people’s information seeking interactions over time.In this dissertation, I will look at some quantifiable behavioral dynamics of individuals who are seeking information using different social network structures over time. This research can shed light on our understanding of the interplay between human behavior and the environmental structures that people find themselves both being influenced by and influencing. This study utilizes a custom-built Web-based tool that simulates an information-seeking scenario via various network structures and has participants utilize it to achieve a stated goal of collecting answers to questions from others in their network. The tool allows a finite amount of interactions, thus limiting the participants’ engagements to a defined set of allowable actions. As all participants go through the simulation, the system logs their actions over time and measurements are taken in timed intervals of certain information seeking behaviors of the participants and changes that they create in their network topologies. The participants run through two types of networks: one with a scale-free topology one node has a disproportionate high number of connections compared to the other nodes and another with two sub-networks connected to one another via two structural holes. Both networks differ significantly in structure, but are very similar in network density and in average node degree centrality.This dissertation aims to contribute to the theories of information seeking in social network environments, as well as to social network theory as it pertains to human information behavior. From a practical standpoint, this dissertation aims at giving scholars another way to study human behavior through the lens of social networks by providing them with a sophisticated computer-mediated platform to collect log-based data of human behavior in simulated networked environments.
title: Detection of Diabetic Foot Ulcers Using SVM Based Classification
Creators: name: Wang, Lei
name: Pedersen, Peder C.
name: Strong, Diane M.
name: Tulu, Bengisu
name: Agu, Emmanuel O.
name: He, Qian
name: Ignotz, Ronald A.
name: Dunn, Raymond M.
name: Harlan, David M.
name: Pagoto, Sherry L.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2014

description: Diabetic foot ulcers represent a significant health issue, for both patients’ quality of life and healthcare system costs. Currently, wound care is mainly based on visual assessment of wound size, which suffers from lack of accuracy and consistency. Hence, a more quantitative and computer-based method is needed. Supervised machine learning based object recognition is an attractive option, using training sample images with boundaries labeled by experienced clinicians. We use forty sample images collected from the UMASS Wound Clinic by tracking 8 subjects over 6 months with a smartphone camera. To maintain a consistent imaging environment and facilitate the capture process for patients with limited mobility, an image capture box was designed with two right angled front surface mirrors and LED lighting. We developed a novel foot ulcer recognition system using these sample images as our test data. Instead of operating at the pixel level, we use super-pixels, resulting from the quick shift algorithm, as the basic processing units. Then a support vector machine (SVM) based classifier is trained on the Bag-of-Words histogram representation of local Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) features found in each super-pixel. As this classifier is very specific and the resulting histogram is very sparse, we merge the histograms from super-pixels in a size-specified neighborhood into one instance. Finally, to recover more precise boundaries of the foot ulcers, we apply conditional random field techniques to introduce new constraints that allow us to reduce misclassifications that occur near the edges of objects. Experimental results show that our method provides promising recognition results, outperforming the regular SVM-based classification as well as the sliding window based object recognition method when evaluated using the Matthew correlation coefficient (MCC). We are integrating these algorithms into the wound assessment module of our Android phone-based diabetic self-management app.
title: Rights and Obligations of Third Parties in Armed Conflict
Creators: name: Krieger, Heike
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2018

description: This paper will turn into a contribution to a book on community obligations. It focusses on third parties' rights and obligations in armed conflict.

It is often said that international law has developed from a legal order which is designed to protect sovereignty to a system which also promotes community interests. This shift is said to be reflected in structural changes of the legal system. The creation of rights and obligations for third parties is generally seen as a part of this perceived paradigmatic shift. Community interests can be furthered either by negative duties of abstention, by an entitlement for third states, or even by duties to take positive measures. Since the shift towards protecting community interests apparently requires some form of cooperation, positive rights and duties to protect and to promote appear to be indispensable. Authors relying on a community perspective often dismiss duties of abstention as an expression of indifference in the face of a violation of a fundamental norm. Solidarity seems to require that third states take a more proactive role in actively enforcing community interests.

The paper aims to test this understanding on the basis of an analysis of rights and obligations of third states in armed conflict. In order to argue that duties of abstention of third states are a central instrument for promoting community interests in relation to armed conflicts, the paper will first trace pertinent structural changes in international law. In particular, it will question the extent to which positive rights and obligations of third states have been firmly established in international law. In a second step, this contribution will evaluate the overall tendencies in the ongoing lawmaking process for promoting community interests in relation to armed conflict.
description: KFG Working Paper Series, 5
Self-similarity properties of nafionized and filtered water and deformed coherent states
Creators: name: Capolupo, A.
name: Del Giudice, E.
name: Elia, V.
name: Germano, R.
name: Napoli, E.
name: Niccoli, M.
name: Tedeschi, A.
name: Vitiello, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By resorting to measurements of physically characterizing observables of water samples perturbed by the presence of Nafion and by iterative filtration processes, we discuss their scale free, self-similar fractal properties. By use of algebraic methods the isomorphism is proved between such self-similarity features and the deformed coherent state formalism.
description: 20 pages, 3 figures. International Journal of Modern Physics B, to appear
title: Coordination Variability after Hip Replacement Surgery: A Case Report
Creators: name: Whited, A. J.
name: Freedman Silvernail, J.
name: Kelly, D.
name: Fay, N.
name: Hamill, J.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2014

description: Patients with unilateral hip replacement surgery have an increased risk for additional joint replacement surgeries in the contralateral limb. Reduced coordination variability (Cvar) is associated with orthopedic disorders. Differences in joint Cvar after hip replacement surgery may provide information regarding the progression to a healthier state. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in surgical and contralateral limb knee and hip Cvar before and after surgery. A male participant completed gait analyses prior to total hip arthroplasty, three weeks following surgery (post-op) and ten months after surgery. He walked at a preferred speed while three-dimensional kinematic and kinetic data were recorded. A modified vector coding technique was used to determine the bilateral Cvar throughout stance for thigh-leg and pelvis-thigh flexion/extension and internal/external rotation coordination. Cvar was averaged for the stance phase of gait at each visit. Effect Size (ES) was calculated to determine clinically significant differences in variability both between the surgical and contralateral limbs and for each visit (Tables 1 and 2). In the surgical limb, variability was similar at all visits for pelvis-thigh and thigh-shank flexion/extension and internal/external rotation (ES<0.5). Differences in (Cvar) between the surgical and contralateral limbs diminished with time. While Cvar in the surgical limb did not change, Cvar in the contralateral limb decreased over time. This may indicate a decline in health and an increased risk for orthopedic disorders in the contralateral limb after hip replacement surgery.
title: Developing a Whole Plant Artemisia annua Antimalarial Therapeutic: pACT
Creators: name: Weathers, Pamela
name: Jordan, Nicole
name: Lasin, Praphapan
name: Towler, Melissa
name: Golenbock, Douglas T.
name: Elfawal, Mostafa
name: Reich, Nicholas
name: Acquaah-Mensah, George
name: Rich, Stephen
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2014

description: The GRAS plant Artemisia annua L. produces the sesquiterpene lactone, artemisinin. The current therapy for malaria is artemisinin + an older drug: artemisinin combination therapy (ACT). In Plasmodium chabaudi-infected mice, dried leaves of A. annua are more potent than equal amounts of pure artemisinin and may also prevent artemisinin drug resistance from emerging. This whole plant therapy is pACT: plant-based artemisinin combination therapy. Pharmacokinetics in healthy and infected mice given either pure artemisinin or pACT is different and showed that > 40 fold more artemisinin enters the blood when plant material is present; plant matrix enhanced bioavailability into serum. Dried leaves as capsules or tablets given to African malaria patients were also efficacious. Flavonoids, phenolic acids, monoterpenes and other artemisinic metabolites found in the plant have mild antimalarial activity. Some may synergize with artemisinin to enhance its efficacy. In simulated digestion studies the effects of cellulose and gelatin capsules, sucrose, 4 oils, and 3 staple grains (rice, corn, and millet) were studied to determine their effect on AN and flavonoid release into the liquid phase of the intestinal stage of digestion. Compared to pACT alone: sucrose and oil enhanced release of flavonoids by 100%, but artemisinin was unaffected; both capsule types, and corn and millet meal significantly reduced artemisinin release, but had no effect on flavonoids. From field trials in MA, it was estimated that > 500,000 patients could be treated from plants grown on 1 ac of land. Analysis of 10 crops of the high artemisinin-producing WPI clone of A. annua grown under different field and lab conditions showed there was consistent production of artemisinin at about 1.4% DW. Together these results show how a simple herbal remedy could be used as an efficacious, inexpensive, controlled and sustainable orally delivered therapeutic for treating malaria and other artemisinin-susceptible diseases.
Ferromagnetism and transport properties of the Kondo system Ce4Sb1.5Ge1.5
Creators: name: Nikiforov, V. N.
name: Pryadun, V. V.
name: Morozkin, A. V.
name: Irkhin, V. Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ferromagnetic ordering with a small magnetic moment is found below 14 K from SQUID measurements for the compound Ce4Sb1.5Ge1.5. The transport characteristics of a number of Ce4Sb3-xTx (T = Ge, Si, Sn, Pb, Al) systems were measured at room temperature, Ce4Sb1.5Ge1.5 demonstrating the highest Seebeck coefficient. Its transport properties (resistivity, thermal conductivity, thermoelectric power) are experimentally investigated in detail up to low temperatures. The Kondo-lattice behavior of resistivity and its anomaly at the ordering point are found. A comparison with the Wiedemann-Franz law is performed.
description: Final corrected version, pdf, 7 pages