cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Ostend-Middelkerke, Monitoring of the dune for dike pilots: evolution after 2 years
Creators: name: Montreuil, Anne-Lise
name: Dan, Sebastian
name: Verwaest, Toon
Publisher: name: Flanders Hydraulics
Year: 2023

description: At the beginning of 2021, the MDK Coastal Division, Ostend and Middelkerke built-up dunes on the dry beach in front of a sea dike at three locations: Spinoladijk (Ostend), Raversijde and Westende. Intensive monitoring at these sites was carried out from the beginning of 2021 to 03/2023 to investigate the development of the built dunes and to follow closely their morphology and planted vegetation. This report documents the 2nd year evolution of the morphology of the dune for dike pilots. A progressive evolution of the three pilot sites occurred over the entire monitoring period. A substantial accretion took place in the 1st year in the zones where marram, fences were installed. Aeolian sand transport was captured to an extent thanks to them. However, sand gain was strongly reduced there over the 2nd year at the three sites. This was probably due to an obstruction by the formed dunes, higher marram grass plants, and a lower wind regime over this period. Also, there was a reduction of sand availability at Raversijde. Storm impact of 01/2022 and 09/2022 was relatively limited. Further monitoring surveys would help to understand the observed relationship between accretion in the upper-part of the dry beach and erosion dominating its lower part above the low water mark.
description: Title : FHR reports. Flanders Hydraulics Research: Antwerp Volume : 21_014_2 Issue : Pagination : VI, 58 + 1 app.
Coherent photoproductions of $J/Ψ$ and $Υ$ mesons in pp and PbPb ultraperipheral collisions from dynamical gluon distribution
Creators: name: Fu, Qiang
name: Chen, Xurong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present calculations of coherent photoproduction of vector mesons ($J/Ψ$ and $Υ$) with leading-order parton distribution functions to check new kinds of corrections of the DGLAP equations and nuclear modifications. The input gluon distribution of the proton is the dynamical parton model from the DGLAP equations with GLR-MQ-ZRS (Gribov-Levin-Ryskin, Mueller-Qiu, Zhu-Ruan-Shen) modifications. From comparison between several other gluon distribution models, we find that the dynamical gluon distribution fits with the results of meson photoproduction experiments in the high energy region. The calculation of the differential cross sections using dynamical and other gluon distributions is compared with the experimental data from the HERA, ZEUS and LHCb Collaborations. Although there is little data for the rapidity distribution of vector meson photoproduction near zero rapidity, the dynamical gluon distribution works well with the data in the large rapidity region.
description: 5 pages, 8 figures
Braided multiplicative unitaries as regular objects
Creators: name: Meyer, Ralf
name: Roy, Sutanu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46L89 (81R50 18D10)

description: We use the theory of regular objects in tensor categories to clarify the passage between braided multiplicative unitaries and multiplicative unitaries with projection. The braided multiplicative unitary and its semidirect product multiplicative unitary have the same Hilbert space representations. We also show that the multiplicative unitaries associated to two regular objects for the same tensor category are equivalent and hence generate isomorphic C*-quantum groups. In particular, a C*-quantum group is determined uniquely by its tensor category of representations on Hilbert space, and any functor between representation categories that does not change the underlying Hilbert spaces comes from a morphism of C*-quantum groups.
description: Some proofreading, two proofs clarified
Sterile neutrino dark matter from right-handed neutrino oscillations
Creators: name: Kadota, Kenji
name: Kaneta, Kunio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a scenario where sterile neutrino (either warm or cold) dark matter (DM) is produced through (nonresonant) oscillations among right-handed neutrinos (RHNs) and can constitute the whole DM in the Universe, in contrast to the conventional sterile neutrino production through its mixing with the left-handed neutrinos. The lightest RHN can be sterile neutrino DM whose mixing with left-handed neutrinos is sufficiently small while heavier RHNs can have non-negligible mixings with left-handed neutrinos to explain the neutrino masses by the seesaw mechanism. We also demonstrate that, in our scenario, the production of sterile RHN DM from the decay of a heavier RHN is subdominant compared with the RHN oscillation production due to the X-ray and small-scale structure constraints.
description: Version to appear in PRD
Disorder and superfluid density in overdoped cuprate superconductors
Creators: name: Lee-Hone, N. R.
name: Dodge, J. S.
name: Broun, D. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate superfluid density for a dirty d-wave superconductor. The effects of impurity scattering are treated within the self-consistent t-matrix approximation, in weak-coupling BCS theory. Working from a realistic tight-binding parameterization of the Fermi surface, we find a superfluid density that is both correlated with T_c and linear in temperature, in good correspondence with recent experiments on overdoped La2-xSrxCuO4.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, including appended erratum
Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) schemes for a PDE-based image osmosis model
Creators: name: Calatroni, Luca
name: Estatico, Claudio
name: Garibaldi, Nicola
name: Parisotto, Simone
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 68U10, 94A08, 65M32

description: We consider \emph{Alternating Direction Implicit} (ADI) splitting schemes to compute efficiently the numerical solution of the PDE osmosis model considered by Weickert et al. for several imaging applications. The discretised scheme is shown to preserve analogous properties to the continuous model. The dimensional splitting strategy traduces numerically into the solution of simple tridiagonal systems for which standard matrix factorisation techniques can be used to improve upon the performance of classical implicit methods, even for large time steps. Applications to the shadow removal problem are presented.
Intertwining topological order and broken symmetry in a theory of fluctuating spin density waves
Creators: name: Chatterjee, Shubhayu
name: Sachdev, Subir
name: Scheurer, Mathias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The pseudogap metal phase of the hole-doped cuprate superconductors has two seemingly unrelated characteristics: a gap in the electronic spectrum in the `anti-nodal' region of the square lattice Brillouin zone, and discrete broken symmetries. We present a SU(2) gauge theory of quantum fluctuations of magnetically ordered states which appear in a classical theory of square lattice antiferromagnets, in a spin density wave mean field theory of the square lattice Hubbard model, and in a CP$^1$ theory of spinons. This theory leads to metals with an antinodal gap, and topological order which intertwines with precisely the observed broken symmetries.
description: 4+10 pages, 4 figures; (v2) complete rewrite with new results from spin density wave theory
Enhanced violations of Leggett-Garg inequalities in an experimental three-level system
Creators: name: Wang, Kunkun
name: Emary, Clive
name: Zhan, Xiang
name: Bian, Zhihao
name: Li, Jian
name: Xue, Peng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Leggett-Garg inequalities are tests of macroscopic realism that can be violated by quantum mechanics. In this letter, we realise photonic Leggett-Garg tests on a three-level system and implement measurements that admit three distinct measurement outcomes, rather than the usual two. In this way we obtain violations of three- and four-time Leggett-Garg inequalities that are significantly in excess of those obtainable in standard Leggett-Garg tests. We also report violations the quantum-witness equality up to the maximum permitted for a three-outcome measurement. Our results highlight differences between spatial and temporal correlations in quantum mechanics.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
Phonon Decoherence of Quantum Dots in Photonic Structures: Broadening of the Zero-Phonon Line and the Role of Dimensionality
Creators: name: Tighineanu, Petru
name: Dreeßen, Chris L.
name: Flindt, Christian
name: Lodahl, Peter
name: Sørensen, Anders S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a general microscopic theory describing the phonon decoherence of quantum dots and indistinguishability of the emitted photons in photonic structures. The coherence is found to depend fundamentally on the dimensionality of the structure resulting in vastly different performance for quantum dots embedded in a nano-cavity (0D), waveguide (1D), slab (2D), or bulk medium (3D). In bulk, we find a striking temperature dependence of the dephasing rate scaling as $T^{11}$ implying that phonons are effectively 'frozen out' for $T \lesssim 4 \mathrm{K}$. The phonon density of states is strongly modified in 1D and 2D structures leading to a linear temperature scaling for the dephasing strength. The resulting impact on the photon indistinguishability can be important even at sub-Kelvin temperatures. Our findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental limits to photon indistinguishability in photonic structures.
description: 19 pages, 9 figures
Excess entropy and energy feedback from within cluster cores up to r$_{200}$
Creators: name: Iqbal, Asif
name: Majumdar, Subhabrata
name: Nath, Biman B.
name: Ettori, Stefano
name: Eckert, Dominique
name: Malik, Manzoor A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We estimate the "non-gravitational" entropy-injection profiles, $ΔK$, and the resultant energy feedback profiles, $ΔE$, of the intracluster medium for 17 clusters using their Planck SZ and ROSAT X-Ray observations, spanning a large radial range from $0.2r_{500}$ up to $r_{200}$. The feedback profiles are estimated by comparing the observed entropy, at fixed gas mass shells, with theoretical entropy profiles predicted from non-radiative hydrodynamic simulations. We include non-thermal pressure and gas clumping in our analysis. The inclusion of non-thermal pressure and clumping results in changing the estimates for $r_{500}$ and $r_{200}$ by 10\%-20\%. When clumpiness is not considered it leads to an under-estimation of $ΔK\approx300$ keV cm$^2$ at $r_{500}$ and $ΔK\approx1100$ keV cm$^2$ at $r_{200}$. On the other hand, neglecting non-thermal pressure results in an over-estimation of $ΔK\approx 100$ keV cm$^2$ at $r_{500}$ and under-estimation of $ΔK\approx450$ keV cm$^2$ at $r_{200}$. For the estimated feedback energy, we find that ignoring clumping leads to an under-estimation of energy per particle $ΔE\approx1$ keV at $r_{500}$ and $ΔE\approx1.5$ keV at $r_{200}$. Similarly, neglect of the non-thermal pressure results in an over-estimation of $ΔE\approx0.5$ keV at $r_{500}$ and under-estimation of $ΔE\approx0.25$ keV at $r_{200}$. We find entropy floor of $ΔK\approx300$ keV cm$^2$ is ruled out at $\approx3σ$ throughout the entire radial range and $ΔE\approx1$ keV at more than 3$σ$ beyond $r_{500}$, strongly constraining ICM pre-heating scenarios. We also demonstrate robustness of results w.r.t sample selection, X-Ray analysis procedures, entropy modeling etc.
description: 17 pages, 15 figures, 5 tables, Accepted in MNRAS
Window for preferred axion models
Creators: name: Di Luzio, Luca
name: Mescia, Federico
name: Nardi, Enrico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss phenomenological criteria for defining "axion windows", namely regions in the parameter space of the axion-photon coupling where realistic models live. Currently, the boundaries of this region depend on somewhat arbitrary criteria, and it would be highly desirable to specify them in terms of precise phenomenological requirements. We first focus on hadronic axion models within post-inflationary scenarios, in which the initial abundance of the new vectorlike quarks $Q$ is thermal. We classify their representations $R_Q$ by requiring that $i)$ the $Q$ are sufficiently short lived to avoid issues with long-lived strongly interacting relics, $ii)$ the theory remains weakly coupled up to the Planck scale. The more general case of multiple $R_Q$ is also studied, and the absolute upper and lower bounds on the axion-photon coupling as a function of the axion mass is identified. Pre-inflationary scenarios in which the axion decay constant remains bounded as $f_a\leq 5\cdot 10^{11}\,$GeV allow for axion-photon couplings only about 20% larger. Realistic Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnitsky type of axion models also remain encompassed within the hadronic axion window. Some mechanisms that can allow to enhance the axion-photon coupling to values sizeably above the preferred window are discussed.
description: 17 pages, 3 figures. Improved analysis extended to include pre-inflationary scenarios. To appear in PRD
Multiband full-bandwidth anisotropic Eliashberg theory of interfacial electron-phonon coupling and high-T$_c$ superconductivity in FeSe/SrTiO$_3$
Creators: name: Aperis, Alex
name: Oppeneer, Peter M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the impact of interfacial phonons on the superconducting state of FeSe/SrTiO$_3$ developing a material's specific multiband, full bandwidth, and anisotropic Eliashberg theory for this system. Our self-consistent calculations highlight the importance of the interfacial electron-phonon interaction, which is hidden behind the seemingly weak-coupling constant λ$_m$ = 0.4, in mediating the high T$_c$, and explain other puzzling experimental observations, such as the s-wave symmetry and replica bands. We discover that the formation of replica bands has a T$_c$ decreasing effect that is nevertheless compensated by deep Fermi-sea Cooper pairing which has a T$_c$ enhancing effect. We predict a strong-coupling dip-hump signature in the tunneling spectra due to the interfacial coupling.
Non-Abelian Geometric Phases Carried by the Spin Fluctuation Tensor
Creators: name: Bharath, H. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The expectation values of the first and second moments of the quantum mechanical spin operator can be used to define a spin vector and spin fluctuation tensor, respectively. The former is a vector inside the unit ball in three space, while the latter is represented by an ellipsoid in three space. They are both experimentally accessible in many physical systems. By considering transport of the spin vector along loops in the unit ball it is shown that the spin fluctuation tensor picks up geometric phase information. For the physically important case of spin one, the geometric phase is formulated in terms of an SO(3) operator. Loops defined in the unit ball fall into two classes: those which do not pass through the origin and those which pass through the origin. The former class of loops subtend a well defined solid angle at the origin while the latter do not and the corresponding geometric phase is non-Abelian. To deal with both classes, a notion of generalized solid angle is introduced, which helps to clarify the interpretation of the geometric phase information. The experimental systems that can be used to observe this geometric phase are also discussed.
description: 27 pages, 7 figures
Surfing the edge: using feedback control to find nonlinear solutions
Creators: name: Willis, Ashley P.
name: Duguet, Yohann
name: Omel'chenko, Oleh
name: Wolfrum, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many transitional wall-bounded shear flows are characterised by the coexistence in state-space of laminar and turbulent regimes. Probing the edge boundary between the two attractors has led in the last decade to the numerical discovery of new (unstable) solutions to the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. However, the iterative bisection method used to achieve this can become prohibitively costly for large systems. Here we suggest a simple feedback control strategy to stabilise edge states, hence accelerating their numerical identification by several orders of magnitude. The method is illustrated for several configurations of cylindrical pipe flow. Travelling waves solutions are identified as edge states, and can be isolated rapidly in only one short numerical run. A new branch of solutions is also identified. When the edge state is a periodic orbit or chaotic state, the feedback control does not converge precisely to solutions of the uncontrolled system, but nevertheless brings the dynamics very close to the original edge manifold in a single run. We discuss the opportunities offered by the speed and simplicity of this new method to probe the structure of both state space and parameter space.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures
Daily Paris
Creators: name: Pilar Osorio Lora, Ph.D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: "Daily Paris" is Pilar Osorio’s first English published poem; it was written in a poetry class with Martín Espada. The poem explores alienation and frustration in the middle of relationship’s crisis; it begins with an idyllic scene, but the tone shifts dramatically when the speaker wakes up in noisy Paris, resenting their partner snoring next to them. The Paris portrayed in the poem, far from the cliché, becomes overwhelming and suffocates the speaker. In the city of light, the speaker is unable to communicate; she is always stuck in her "Mierda" (meaning "shit" in Spanish). The poem delves into the speaker's reflections and judgments. They consider themselves a judge, observing and critiquing various aspects of French society, their own prejudices, and their Colombian roots. The poem is a reality check on love and Paris and aims to be radically honest on the speaker's sense of self, fears, anger and vulnerability. The poem evokes literary references, mentioning la Maga (a character from Julio Cortázar's novel "Hopscotch"), living a season in hell (referring to Arthur Rimbaud's work), and the spleen (a motif in Charles Baudelaire's poetry).
Observational Constraints on the Primordial Curvature Power Spectrum
Creators: name: Emami, Razieh
name: Smoot, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: CMB observations provide a precise measurement of the primordial power spectrum on large scales, corresponding to wavenumbers $10^{-3}$ Mpc$^{-1}$ < k < 0.1 Mpc$^{-1}$, [1-8]. Luminous red galaxies and galaxy clusters probe the matter power spectrum on overlapping scales (0.02 Mpc$^{-1}$ < k < 0.7 Mpc$^{-1}$ [9-18]), while the Lyman-alpha forest reaches slightly smaller scales (0.3 Mpc$^{-1} < k < 3$ Mpc$^{-1}$; [19]). These observations indicate that the primordial power spectrum is nearly scale-invariant with amplitude close to $2 \times 10^{-9}$, [5, 20-25]. They also strongly support Inflation and motivate us to obtain constraints reaching to smaller scales on the primordial curvature power spectrum and by implication on Inflation. One could obtain limits to much higher values of $k < 10^5$ Mpc$^{-1}$ and with less sensitivity even higher to $k < 10^{19}- 10^{23}$ Mpc$^{-1}$ using limits from CMB spectral distortions(SD)and on ultracompact minihalo objects(UCMHs)and Primordial Black Holes(PBHs). In this paper, we revisit and collect all the known constraints on both PBHs and UCMHs. We show that unless one uses SD, PBHs give us very relaxed bounds on the primordial curvature perturbations. UCMHs are very informative over a reasonable $k$ range($3 < k < 10^6$ Mpc$^{-1}$)and lead to significant upper-bounds on the curvature spectrum. We review the conditions under which the tighter constraints on the UCMHs could imply extremely strong bounds on the fraction of Dark Matter that could be PBHs. Failure to satisfy these conditions would lead to over production of the UCMHs, which is inconsistent with the observations. Therefore, we can almost rule out PBH within their overlap scales with the UCMHs. We consider the UCMH bounds from experiments such as $γ$-rays, Neutrinos, Reionization, pulsar-timing and SD. We show that they lead to comparable results independent of the form of DM.
description: 35 pages, 12 figures, Pulsar Timing constraints updated
A split step Fourier/discontinuous Galerkin scheme for the Kadomtsev--Petviashvili equation
Creators: name: Einkemmer, Lukas
name: Ostermann, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we propose a method to solve the Kadomtsev--Petviashvili equation based on splitting the linear part of the equation from the nonlinear part. The linear part is treated using FFTs, while the nonlinear part is approximated using a semi-Lagrangian discontinuous Galerkin approach of arbitrary order. We demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the numerical method by providing a range of numerical simulations. In particular, we find that our approach can outperform the numerical methods considered in the literature by up to a factor of five. Although we focus on the Kadomtsev--Petviashvili equation in this paper, the proposed numerical scheme can be extended to a range of related models as well.
Additional file 3 of Improved SARS-CoV-2 sequencing surveillance allows the identification of new variants and signatures in infected patients
Creators: name: Grimaldi, Antonio
name: Panariello, Francesco
name: Annunziata, Patrizia
name: Giuliano, Teresa
name: Daniele, Michela
name: Pierri, Biancamaria
name: Colantuono, Chiara
name: Salvi, Marcello
name: Bouché, Valentina
name: Manfredi, Anna
name: Cuomo, Maria Concetta
name: Di Concilio, Denise
name: Tiberio, Claudia
name: Fiorenza, Mariano
name: Portella, Giuseppe
name: Cimmino, Ilaria
name: Sorrentino, Antonio
name: Fusco, Giovanna
name: Granata, Maria Rosaria
name: Cerino, Pellegrino
name: Limone, Antonio
name: Atripaldi, Luigi
name: Ballabio, Andrea
name: Cacchiarelli, Davide
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3. Laboratory protocol adopted in this work for SARS-CoV-2 WGS library generation (“Solution B”).
Additional file 1 of The burden of risk factors for non-communicable disease in rural Bihar, India: a comparative study with national health surveys
Creators: name: Ross, Stephanie
name: Chadha, Kashika
name: Mishra, Shantanu
name: Lewington, Sarah
name: Shepperd, Sasha
name: Gathani, Toral
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table 1. Inclusion criteria for the five iterations of National Family Health Surveys in India. Table 2. Estimates of hypertension in Bihar India for 2021 and 2036 using the age-specific estimates of hypertension from the NCDRI Study and population estimates from the 2011 Census of India. Table 3. Estimates of BMI in Bihar India for 2021 and 2036 using the age-specific estimates of BMI from the NCDRI Study and population estimates from the 2011 Census of India. Figure 1. Population pyramid for Bihar India for men and women in 2021 and 2036 using population estimates from the 2011 Census of India.
Transforming Qualitative Interviewing Techniques for Video Conferencing Platforms
Creators: name: Heiselberg, Lene
name: Stępińska, Agnieszka
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: This paper points out the main opportunities and challenges when qualitative data collection (both in-depth interviews and focus groups) is transferred from an in-person setting to a video conferencing platform. Online video research interviews (OVRI) permit an overcoming of limitations in in-person interviews such as access to participants, time, expense, and a potential impact of the researcher's physical presence during data collection on the subjects' responses. The most prominent challenges regarding the quality of OVRIs are: building rapport and restricted visual cues, turn-taking, participant activation through exercises and participant validation. In this article we offer advice on how to solve these challenges.
Accurately and Efficiently Interpreting Human-Robot Instructions of Varying Granularities
Creators: name: Arumugam, Dilip
name: Karamcheti, Siddharth
name: Gopalan, Nakul
name: Wong, Lawson L. S.
name: Tellex, Stefanie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Humans can ground natural language commands to tasks at both abstract and fine-grained levels of specificity. For instance, a human forklift operator can be instructed to perform a high-level action, like "grab a pallet" or a low-level action like "tilt back a little bit." While robots are also capable of grounding language commands to tasks, previous methods implicitly assume that all commands and tasks reside at a single, fixed level of abstraction. Additionally, methods that do not use multiple levels of abstraction encounter inefficient planning and execution times as they solve tasks at a single level of abstraction with large, intractable state-action spaces closely resembling real world complexity. In this work, by grounding commands to all the tasks or subtasks available in a hierarchical planning framework, we arrive at a model capable of interpreting language at multiple levels of specificity ranging from coarse to more granular. We show that the accuracy of the grounding procedure is improved when simultaneously inferring the degree of abstraction in language used to communicate the task. Leveraging hierarchy also improves efficiency: our proposed approach enables a robot to respond to a command within one second on 90% of our tasks, while baselines take over twenty seconds on half the tasks. Finally, we demonstrate that a real, physical robot can ground commands at multiple levels of abstraction allowing it to efficiently plan different subtasks within the same planning hierarchy.
description: Updated with final version - Published as Conference Paper in Robotics: Science and Systems 2017
Additional file 1 of The effect of national antenatal care guidelines and provider training on obstetric danger sign counselling: a propensity score matching analysis of the 2014 Ethiopia service provision assessment plus survey
Creators: name: Yeneabat, Tebikew
name: Hayen, Andrew
name: Getachew, Theodros
name: Dawson, Angela
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: Computational Biology
subject: Cardiology

description: Additional file 1. Figures illustrating the presence of match onobserved covariates between treated and control groupsbefore and aftermatching for both treatment variables (ANC guidelines andANC providers’training).
The Salecker-Wigner-Peres clock, Feynman paths, and a tunnelling time that should not exist
Creators: name: Sokolovski, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Salecker-Wigner-Peres (SWP) clock is often used to determine the duration a quantum particle is supposed to spend is a specified region of space $\Om$. By construction, the result is a real positive number, and the method seems to avoid the difficulty of introducing complex time parameters, which arises in the Feynman paths approach. However, it tells little about about the particle's motion. We investigate this matter further, and show that the SWP clock, like any other Larmor clock, correlates the rotation of its angular momentum with the durations, $τ$, which the Feynman paths spend in $\Om$, thereby destroying interference between different durations. An inaccurate weakly coupled clock leaves the interference almost intact, and the need to resolve the resulting "which way?" problem is one of the main difficulties at the centre of the "tunnelling time" controversy. In the absence of a probability distribution for the values of $τ$, the SWP results are expressed in terms of moduli of the "complex times", given by the weighted sums of the corresponding probability amplitudes. It is shown that over-interpretation of these results, by treating the SWP times as physical time intervals, leads to paradoxes and should be avoided. We also analyse various settings of the SWP clock, different calibration procedures, and the relation between the SWP results and the quantum dwell time. The cases of stationary tunnelling and tunnel ionisation are considered in some detail. Although our detailed analysis addresses only one particular definition of the duration of a tunnelling process, it also points towards the impossibility of uniting various time parameters, which may occur in quantum theory, within the concept of a single "tunnelling time".
description: 15 pages, 3 figures
Consciousness is not a physically provable property
Creators: name: Reason, Cathy M
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We present a logical proof that computing machines, and by extension physical systems, can never be certain if they possess conscious awareness. This implies that human consciousness is associated with a violation of energy conservation. We examine the significance that a particular interpretation of quantum mechanics, known as single mind Q (Barrett 1999), might have for the detection of such a violation. Finally we apply single mind Q to the problem of free will as it arises in some celebrated experiments by the neurophysiologist Benjamin Libet.
Best Friends Forever (BFF): Finding Lasting Dense Subgraphs
Creators: name: Semertzidis, Konstantinos
name: Pitoura, Evaggelia
name: Terzi, Evimaria
name: Tsaparas, Panayiotis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Graphs form a natural model for relationships and interactions between entities, for example, between people in social and cooperation networks, servers in computer networks, or tags and words in documents and tweets. But, which of these relationships or interactions are the most lasting ones? In this paper, we study the following problem: given a set of graph snapshots, which may correspond to the state of an evolving graph at different time instances, identify the set of nodes that are the most densely connected in all snapshots. We call this problem the Best Friends For Ever (BFF) problem. We provide definitions for density over multiple graph snapshots, that capture different semantics of connectedness over time, and we study the corresponding variants of the BFF problem. We then look at the On-Off BFF (O^2BFF) problem that relaxes the requirement of nodes being connected in all snapshots, and asks for the densest set of nodes in at least $k$ of a given set of graph snapshots. We show that this problem is NP-complete for all definitions of density, and we propose a set of efficient algorithms. Finally, we present experiments with synthetic and real datasets that show both the efficiency of our algorithms and the usefulness of the BFF and the O^2BFF problems.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures, 8 tables
Electronic spin state studies of iron-bearing minerals contained in an X-ray heated diamond anvil cell
Creators: name: Kaa, Johannes Martin
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Diamond-anvil-cell
subject: X-ray free electron laser
subject: Spin states
subject: XES
subject: XRD
subject: X-ray heating
subject: 530
subject: Freie-Elektronen-Laser
subject: Röntgenlaser
subject: Röntgenstrahlung
subject: Röntgendiffraktometrie
subject: Spin flip
subject: Planeteninneres

description: Ein bedeutender Teil der Erforschung des Inneren von Planeten wird durch die Nachstellung der erwarteten Drücke und Temperaturen in großen Tiefen im Labor durchgeführt. Während Drücke routinemäßig statisch mit einer Diamantstempelzelle erzeugt werden, um den Druckbereich in den meisten Planeten des Sonnensystems abzudecken (bis ca. 10 Mbar), sind gleichzeitige Temperaturerhöhungen ein heikles Thema, insbesondere in Verbindung mit in-situ-Röntgenanalyse mit hohen Belichtungszeiten. In dieser Arbeit stellen wir einen neuen Ansatz zur Bestimmung elektronischer Zustände von Materie bei hohen Drücken und Temperaturen vor, bei dem Proben in Diamantstempelzellen (DACs) durch ultrakurze und intensive Röntgenimpulse erhitzt werden, die auch zur Erzeugung für das spinzustandsensitive Röntgenemissionssignal (XES) und das struktur-empfindliche Röntgenbeugungssignal (XRD) dienen. In dem Proof-of-Concept-Experiment in der Vakuumkammer 1 (IC1) am HED-Instrument haben wir mit dieser Kombination an Messtechniken FeCO3 bis zu der Schmelztemperatur bei 51 GPa erhitzt und dadurch einen durch einen Temperaturanstieg angetriebenen elektronischen Spinübergang von niedrigem Spin zu hohem Spin im Fe induziert. Nach der Konzeption, dem Bau und der Inbetriebnahme eines dedizierten von Hámos-Spektrometers in IC1 haben wir (Fe0.5Mg0.5)O bei 100 GPa und FeS zwischen 5-25 GPa bei hohen Temperaturen gemessen. Letzteres diente als vereinfachtes Modell für den Marsmantel und -kern und lieferte uns neue Informationen zur Erweiterung der erst kürzlich veröffentlichten seismischen Messungen. Darüber hinaus wurde das Setup für zukünftige zeitaufgelöste XES von Proben in einer DAC und inelastische Röntgenstreuungstechniken von freistehenden Proben getestet und steht für Benutzerexperimente am European X-ray Free Electron Laser zur Verfügung.
Quivers with relations for symmetrizable Cartan matrices IV: Crystal graphs and semicanonical functions
Creators: name: Geiß, Christof
name: Leclerc, Bernard
name: Schröer, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We generalize Lusztig's nilpotent varieties, and Kashiwara and Saito's geometric construction of crystal graphs from the symmetric to the symmetrizable case. We also construct semicanonical functions in the convolution algebras of generalized preprojective algebras. Conjecturally these functions yield semicanonical bases of the enveloping algebras of the positive part of symmetrizable Kac-Moody algebras.
description: 50 pages. Version 2: A few typos fixed. Final version published in Selecta Mathematica
Stabilized discontinuous Galerkin methods for solving hyperbolic conservation laws on grids with embedded objects
Creators: name: Streitbürger, Florian
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Embedded boundary method
subject: Cut cell
subject: Small cell problem
subject: Discontinuous Galerkin method
subject: DoD stabilization
subject: Hyberbolic conservation law
subject: 510
subject: Numerisches Verfahren
subject: Hyperbolisches System
subject: Erhaltungssatz
subject: Diskontinuierliche Galerkin-Methode

description: This thesis covers a novel penalty stabilization for solving hyperbolic conservation laws using discontinuous Galerkin methods on grids with embedded objects. We consider cut cell grids, that are constructed by cutting the given object out of a Cartesian background grid. The resulting cut cells require special treatments, e.g., adding stabilization terms. In the context of hyperbolic conservation laws, one has to overcome the small cell problem: standard explicit time stepping becomes unstable on small cut cells when the time step is selected based on larger background cells. This work will present the Domain of Dependence (DoD) stabilization in one and two dimensions. By transferring additional information between the small cut cell and its neighbors, the DoD stabilization restores the correct domains of dependence in the neighborhood of the cut cell. The stabilization is added as penalty terms to the semi-discrete scheme. When combined with a standard explicit time-stepping scheme, the stabilized scheme remains stable for a time-step length based on the Cartesian background cells. Thus, the small cell problem is solved. In the first part of this work, we will consider one-dimensional hyperbolic conservation laws. We will start by explaining the ideas of the stabilization for linear scalar problems before moving to non-linear problems and systems of hyperbolic conservation laws. For scalar problems, we will show that the scheme ensures monotonicity when using its first-order version. Further, we will present an L2 stability result. We will conclude this part with numerical results that confirm stability and good accuracy. These numerical results indicate that for both, linear and non-linear problems, the convergence order in various norms for smooth tests is p+1 when using polynomials of degree p. In the second part, we will present first ideas for extending the DoD stabilization to two dimensions. We will consider different simplified model problems that occur when using two-dimensional cut cell meshes. An essential step for the extension to two dimensions will be the construction of weighting factors that indicate how we couple the multiple cut cell neighbors with each other. The monotonicity and L2 stability of the stabilized system will be confirmed by transferring the ideas of the proof from one to two dimensions. We will conclude by presenting numerical results for advection along a ramp, demonstrating convergence orders of p+1/2 to p+1 for polynomials of degree p. Additionally, we present preliminary results for the two-dimensional Burgers and Euler equations on model meshes.
Enhancing precision radiotherapy: image registration with deep learning and image fusion for treatment planning
Creators: name: Ratke, Alexander
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medical image registration
subject: Deep learning
subject: Image fusion
subject: Radiotherapy
subject: 530
subject: Registrierung
subject: Deep learning
subject: Strahlentherapie
subject: Computertomografie
subject: Kernspintomografie

description: Artificial intelligence is advancing in everyday life and supports its user by generating fast results in areas like communication or image recognition. This thesis aims at exploiting the abilities of deep-learning techniques for deformable image registration (DIR) to improve image alignment in medicine. An unsupervised registration and fusion workflow is developed and evaluated for 39 head scans, produced with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The three-part workflow starts by preprocessing the scans to unify the image formats and to perform affine transformation and rigid registration. Then, a deep-learning model trained for DIR is applied to these images. To obtain an appropriate configuration of the model, parameter tuning is required. The evaluation with the mutual-information metric indicates an improvement in image alignment of up to 14 % when using deep-learning-based DIR. Lastly, image fusion combines the registered CT and MRI scans with a wavelet-based method to merge the information of decomposed images. The workflow is designed for unimodal, e.g. T1- and T2-weighted MRI scans, and multimodal, e.g. CT and MRI scans, image pairs. Since medical imaging is an important basis of treatment-planning processes, the registered and fused images obtained from this workflow are expected to enhance precision radiotherapy.
K2-106, a system containing a metal-rich planet and a planet of lower density
Creators: name: Guenther, E. W.
name: Barragan, O.
name: Dai, F.
name: Gandolfi, D.
name: Hirano, T.
name: Fridlund, M.
name: Fossati, L.
name: Chau, A.
name: Helled, R.
name: Korth, J.
name: Prieto-Arranz, J.
name: Nespral, D.
name: Antoniciello, G.
name: Deeg, H.
name: Hjorth, M.
name: Grziwa, S.
name: Albrecht, S.
name: Hatzes, A. P.
name: Rauer, H.
name: Csizmadia, Sz.
name: Smith, A. M. S.
name: Cabrera, J.
name: Narita, N.
name: Arriagada, P.
name: Burt, J.
name: Butler, R. P.
name: Cochran, W. D.
name: Crane, J. D.
name: Eigmueller, Ph.
name: Erikson, A.
name: Johnson, J. A.
name: Kiilerich, A.
name: Kubyshkina, D.
name: Palle, E.
name: Persson, C. M.
name: Paetzold, M.
name: Sabotta, S.
name: Sato, B.
name: Shectman, St. A.
name: Teske, J. K.
name: Thompson, I. B.
name: Van Eylen, V.
name: Nowak, G.
name: Vanderburg, A.
name: Wittenmyer, R. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Planets in the mass range from 2 to 15 MEarth are very diverse. Some of them have low densities, while others are very dense. By measuring the masses and radii, the mean densities, structure, and composition of the planets are constrained. These parameters also give us important information about their formation and evolution, and about possible processes for atmospheric loss.We determined the masses, radii, and mean densities for the two transiting planets orbiting K2-106. The inner planet has an ultra-short period of 0.57 days. The period of the outer planet is 13.3 days.Although the two planets have similar masses, their densities are very different. For K2-106b we derive Mb=8.36-0.94+0.96 MEarh, Rb=1.52+/-0.16 REarth, and a high density of 13.1-3.6+5.4 gcm-3. For K2-106c, we find Mc=5.8-3.0+3.3 MEarth, Rc=2.50-0.26+0.27 REarth and a relatively low density of 2.0-1.1+1.6 gcm-3.Since the system contains two planets of almost the same mass, but different distances from the host star, it is an excellent laboratory to study atmospheric escape. In agreement with the theory of atmospheric-loss processes, it is likely that the outer planet has a hydrogen-dominated atmosphere. The mass and radius of the inner planet is in agreement with theoretical models predicting an iron core containing 80+20-30% of its mass. Such a high metal content is surprising, particularly given that the star has an ordinary (solar) metal abundance. We discuss various possible formation scenarios for this unusual planet.
description: 11 pages with 9 figures, accepted by A&A, Sep 8, 2017
Synchrotron intensity gradients as tracers of magnetic field
Creators: name: Lazarian, A.
name: Yuen, Ka Ho
name: Lee, Hyeseung
name: Cho, Jungyeon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On the basis of the modern understanding of MHD turbulence, we propose a new way of using synchrotron radiation, namely using synchrotron intensity gradients for tracing astrophysical magnetic fields. We successfully test the new technique using synthetic data obtained with the 3D MHD simulations and provide the demonstration of the practical utility of the technique by comparing the directions of magnetic field that are obtained with PLANCK synchrotron intensity dats to the directions obtained with PLANCK synchrotron polarization data. We demonstrate that the synchrotron intensity gradients (SIGs) can reliably trace magnetic field in the presence of noise and can provide detailed maps of magnetic-field directions. We also show that the SIGs are relatively robust for tracing magnetic fields while the low spacial frequencies of the synchrotron image are removed. This makes the SIGs applicable to tracing of magnetic fields using interferometric data with single dish measurement absent. We discuss the synergy of using the SIGs together with synchrotron polarization in order to find the actual direction of the magnetic field and quantify the effects of Faraday rotation as well as with other ways of studying astrophysical magnetic fields. We test our method in the presence of noise and the resolution effects. We stress the complementary nature of the studies using the SIG technique and those employing the recently-introduced velocity gradient techniques that traces the magnetic fields using spectroscopic data.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures
Additional file 1 of Validation of brief screening instruments for internalizing and externalizing disorders in Mozambican adolescents
Creators: name: Lovero, Kathryn L.
name: Adam, Salma Ebrahim
name: Bila, Carolina Ezequias
name: Canda, Elda D.
name: Fernandes, Maria Eduarda
name: Rodrigues, Teresa I. Baltazar
name: Sander, Mariel C. Tai
name: Mellins, Claude A.
name: Duarte, Cristiane S.
name: dos Santos, Palmira Fortunato
name: Wainberg, Milton L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
D-groups and the Dixmier-Moeglin equivalence
Creators: name: Bell, Jason
name: Sanchez, Omar Leon
name: Moosa, Rahim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03C60, 12H05, 16T05, 16S36

description: A differential-algebraic geometric analogue of the Dixmier-Moeglin equivalence is articulated, and proven to hold for $D$-groups over the constants. The model theory of differentially closed fields of characteristic zero, in particular the notion of analysability in the constants, plays a central role. As an application it is shown that if $R$ is a commutative affine Hopf algebra over a field of characteristic zero, and $A$ is an Ore extension to which the Hopf algebra structure extends, then $A$ satisfies the classical Dixmier-Moeglin equivalence. Along the way it is shown that all such $A$ are Hopf Ore extensions