cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Geospatial distributions reflect rates of evolution of features of language
Creators: name: Kauhanen, Henri
name: Gopal, Deepthi
name: Galla, Tobias
name: Bermúdez-Otero, Ricardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Quantifying the speed of linguistic change is challenging due to the fact that the historical evolution of languages is sparsely documented. Consequently, traditional methods rely on phylogenetic reconstruction. In this paper, we propose a model-based approach to the problem through the analysis of language change as a stochastic process combining vertical descent, spatial interactions, and mutations in both dimensions. A notion of linguistic temperature emerges naturally from this analysis as a dimensionless measure of the propensity of a linguistic feature to undergo change. We demonstrate how temperatures of linguistic features can be inferred from their present-day geospatial distributions, without recourse to information about their phylogenies. Thus the evolutionary dynamics of language, operating across thousands of years, leaves a measurable geospatial signature. This signature licenses inferences about the historical evolution of languages even in the absence of longitudinal data.
description: 44 pages, of which 24 pages Supplementary Information, 8 figures, 3 tables
Ponera ferruginea
Creators: name: Smith, F.
Publisher: name: British Museum
Year: 1858
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Ponera
Ponera ferruginea

description: 59. Ponera ferruginea. B.M.
Female. Length 2 1/2 lines.-Ferruginous: the head scarcely wider than the thorax; the mandibles stout and strongly denticulate on their inner margin; the head slightly emarginate behind. Thorax oblong-ovate, the metathorax obliquely truncated, the truncation smooth and shining. The abdomen elongateovate; the node of the peduncle incrassate, its superior margin rounded, slightly convex in front and concave behind, the concavity smooth and shining.
Hab, Mexico.
description: Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 100
Mushroom Extracts
Creators: name: Lisa, Clara
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Some varieties of mushrooms are edible and have medicinal value. Following in-depth research, mushroom extracts and mushroom powders have become more widely used in disease treatment and health supplements. Their functions include anti-diabetic, anti.cancerous, anti-obesity, immunomodulatory, hypocholesteremia, hepatoprotective nature, and anti-ageing. Creative Enzymes provides a variety of mushroom extracts and powders to meet the different needs of our customers.
Carphococcus Miller and Stocks 2022, gen. n.
Creators: name: Miller, Douglass R.
name: Stocks, Ian C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Eriococcidae
Carphococcus

description: Carphococcus Miller and Stocks gen. n.
Type species: Carphococcus apodus Miller and Stocks sp. n., by current designation and monotypy.
Diagnosis of adult female: Legs absent. Antennae reduced. Enlarged setae restricted to posterior abdominal segments, each situated on a dermal protrusion, and with blunt apices.Anal ring reduced, with few pores.Body margin crenulate, similar to species of Aclerda Signoret (Aclerdidae). Multilocular pores present on anterior abdominal segments, thorax, and head. Macrotubular and microtubular ducts present on dorsum and venter. Cruciform pores present. Small microducts present on abdomen only. Anal lobes not protuberant. Small sclerotized nodules present along body margin on both surfaces.
Diagnosis of second-instar female: Legs absent.Antennae reduced. Enlarged setae restricted to lateral margins, each situated on a small dermal protrusion. Anal ring reduced, with few pores. Multilocular pores present on body margins of anterior abdominal segments, thorax, and head of both surfaces. Microtubular ducts present on dorsum and venter. Cruciform pores present. Without protuberant anal lobes.
Etymology: The genus epithet “ Carphococcus ” is formed from the Greek word “ karphos” meaning wrinkled and the Greek “ kokkos” meaning “round structure” or “scale insect” and refers to the wrinkled or crenulate body margin of this scale insect. The generic name is a masculine noun.
Field features: Probably occurring inside grass leaf sheaths.
description: Published as part of Miller, Douglass R. & Stocks, Ian C., 2022, New genera and species of felt scales (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Eriococcidae), with descriptions of new species and immature instars of described species, pp. 1-213 in Zootaxa 5221 (1) on page 44, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5221.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7441371
Ponera bicolor
Creators: name: Smith, F.
Publisher: name: British Museum
Year: 1858
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Ponera
Ponera bicolor

description: 60. Ponera bicolor.
Ponera bicolor, Guer. Icon. Reg. Anim. Ins. iii. 424.
Hab. Mexico.
description: Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 100
Network Identification for Diffusively-Coupled Systems with Minimal Time Complexity
Creators: name: Sharf, Miel
name: Zelazo, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The theory of network identification, namely identifying the (weighted) interaction topology among a known number of agents, has been widely developed for linear agents. However, the theory for nonlinear agents using probing inputs is far less developed, relying on dynamics linearization, and thus cannot be applied to networks with non-smooth or discontinuous dynamics. We use global convergence properties of the network, which can be assured using passivity theory, to present a network identification method for nonlinear agents. We do so by linearizing the steady-state equations rather than the dynamics, achieving a sub-cubic time algorithm for network identification. We also study the problem of network identification from a complexity theory standpoint, showing that the presented algorithms are optimal in terms of time complexity. We demonstrate the presented algorithm in two case studies with discontinuous dynamics.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
Paraponera
Creators: name: Smith, F.
Publisher: name: British Museum
Year: 1858
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Paraponera

description: Genus 4. PARAPONERA. Pl. VII. figs. 7, 8, 9.
Head subquadrate, with the angles rounded, slightly narrowed posteriorly; the eyes circular and very prominent, situated a little before the middle, at the sides of the head; the antennae inserted forward on the face in deep cavities close to the base of the clypeus; mandibles large, triangular, dentate on their inner edge; the labial palpi 3-jointed, the maxillary palpi 5-jointed; the node of the abdomen incrassate; the abdomen with a deep strangulation between the first and second segments.
This insect, which is now separated from the genus Ponera, will not range in any of the subdivisions here described; in the prominence of the eyes it agrees with the genus Ectatomma, but the labial and maxillary palpi are composed of a different number of joints.
description: Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 100
Graded Lie algebras of maximal class of type $n$
Creators: name: Mattarei, Sandro
name: Ugolini, Simone
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17B70 (Primary), 17B65, 17B05 (Secondary)

description: Let $n>1$ be an integer. The algebras of the title, which we abbreviate as algebras of type $n$, are infinite-dimensional graded Lie algebras $L= \bigoplus_{i=1}^{\infty}L_i$, which are generated by an element of degree $1$ and an element of degree $n$, and satisfy $[L_i,L_1]=L_{i+1}$ for $i\ge n$. Algebras of type $2$ were classified by Caranti and Vaughan-Lee in 2000 over any field of odd characteristic. In this paper we lay the foundations for a classification of algebras of arbitrary type $n$, over fields of sufficiently large characteristic relative to $n$. Our main result describes precisely all possibilities for the first constituent length of an algebra of type $n$, which is a numerical invariant closely related to the dimension of its largest metabelian quotient.
description: Author Accepted Manuscript, 35 pages
Paraponera clavata
Creators: name: Smith, F.
Publisher: name: British Museum
Year: 1858
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Paraponera
Paraponera clavata

description: 1. Paraponera clavata. Pl. VII. fig. 6. B.M.
Formica clavata, Fabr. Syst. Ent. 394. 18 [[worker]]; Ent. Syst. ii. 360. 44; Syst. Piez. 410. 61.
Formica armata, Oliv. Encycl. Meth. vi. 498. 42.
Formica spininoda, Latr. Hist. Nat. Fourm. 207 [[queen]] [[worker]].
Ponera tarsalis, Perty, Del. An. Art, 135. t. xxxvii. f. 2 [[queen]].
Ponera clavata, Erichs. Faun, et Flo. Brit. Guiana, iii. 592.
Hab. South America (Napo); Brazil (Para).
The male of this species resembles the female in the form of the abdomen and node of the peduncle, they are, however, smoother and more highly polished; all the specimens which I have examined are of a paler colour, being more or less obscurely ferruginous; the head narrower than the thorax, the eyes large and prominent, and the antennae three-fourths of the length of the body.
description: Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on pages 100-101
TYPES OF RUBRICS ON ASSESSING PRODUCTIVE SKILLS
Creators: name: Muratova, Marfat
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Thіs artіcle hіghlіghtes a number of questіons that mіght arіse as develop our productіve skіlls assessment tasks. We begіn by suggestіng a number of task types that mіght be useful іn classroom.
Arenita Huber & Carvalho 2019, gen. n.
Creators: name: Huber, Bernhard A.
name: Carvalho, Leonardo S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Pholcidae
Arenita

description: Arenita Huber & Carvalho gen. n.
Type species. Arenita fazendinha sp. n.
Etymology. The genus name is derived from the Latin arena = sand, and refers to the small size of the type species comparable to a grain of sand; gender feminine.
Diagnosis/Description. See diagnosis and description of single known species below.
Notes. The recent molecular phylogeny of Pholcidae (Eberle et al. 2018) placed this genus/species as sister to an undescribed species from Argentina (“Gen.n. MACN270”), and both among ‘basal’ Modisiminae. However, relationships among ‘basal’ Modisiminae were poorly resolved, so the closest relatives of Arenita (beyond “Gen.n. MACN270”) remain unknown. The new species described below and “Gen.n. MACN270” are unusual among Modisiminae in lacking an apophysis on the male palpal coxa, in having the PME and ALE very close together, in lacking a thoracic furrow; and in having the plesiomorphic set of ALS spigots (i.e. with 7–8 spigots on each ALS, see below; this character was not studied in “Gen.n. MACN270”). The latter character is only shared by the mysterious genus Priscula Simon, 1893 (Huber 2000), whose position within Modisiminae is far from clear (Huber et al. 2018). At the same time, Arenita fazendinha has several highly distinctive characters (see diagnosis below) that are not present in “Gen.n. MACN270”, justifying the creation of a new monotypic genus. The undescribed species “Gen.n. MACN270” will be treated in a separate paper together with further undescribed congeneric species present in Argentinean collections (M.A. Izquierdo, unpubl. data).
description: Published as part of Huber, Bernhard A. & Carvalho, Leonardo S., 2019, Filling the gaps: descriptions of unnamed species included in the latest molecular phylogeny of Pholcidae (Araneae), pp. 1-96 in Zootaxa 4546 (1) on page 50, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4546.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2619020
Plectroctena
Creators: name: Smith, F.
Publisher: name: British Museum
Year: 1858
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Plectroctena

description: Genus 5. PLECTROCTENA.
Head subquadrate; antennae shorter than the head and thorax; the flagellum clavate, inserted very forward on the face near its anterior margin on each side of a central protuberance, which is advanced over and conceals the clypeus; the anterior margin of the latter widely emarginate; eyes small and ovate, not prominent, situated very forward on the sides of the head near the base of the mandibles; mandibles elongate, very slightly bent and crossing each other, their inner margin with a blunt tooth towards their base; the labial palpi 4-jointed; the maxillary palpi 3- jointed. Thorax oblong; the calcar at the apex of all the tibiae, pectinate within. Abdomen oblong, with a deep strangulation between the first and second segments; the node subglobose.
This subgenus of Ponera differs in such remarkable peculiarities, and will not assimilate with any divisional group yet proposed, that it must stand isolated for the present: the form of the mandibles appears to indicate some peculiar economy; the small advanced eyes are also remarkable: the characters, being drawn from a worker ant, will doubtless require hereafter some additions and modifications. The beautiful pectination of the tibial spurs is common to several of the Poneridae, but is sometimes only to be observed on the anterior legs, as in Ectatomma.
description: Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 101
Adelopsis Portevin 1907
Creators: name: Gnaspini, Pedro
name: Peck, Stewart B.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Leiodidae
Adelopsis

description: Genus Adelopsis Portevin
Adelopsis Portevin, 1907: 71; Jeannel, 1936: 59 (redescription) (sensu Gnaspini, 1996: 533 and Gnaspini and Peck, 1996: 407, redescription). Type species: Catops ruficollis Portevin, 1903, here considered a senior synonym of Adelopsis heterocera Portevin, 1907, originally established as type species, by monotypy.
Iutururuca Gnaspini, 1993: 79 (as subgenus). Type species: Adelopsis leo Gnaspini (orig. des.). n. syn.
Excelsiorella Salgado, 2008a: 210 (as genus); Gnaspini et al., 2016: 274 (synonymy). Type species:
Excelsiorella latissima Salgado (orig. des.).
Note: Gnaspini (1993: 79) described the subgenus Iutururuca (as subgenus of Adelopsis) for a group of Brazilian species having the spiculum gastrale of the genital segment divided at the apex. Gnaspini (1996) discussed that this feature also appears in other groups of species (e.g., in the group elephas), and that author decided not to assign species to subgenus until a proper phylogenetic analysis of Adelopsis is conducted, which is needed to assure that the remaining, non- Iutururuca, species of Adelopsis do form one (or more) monophyletic group(s) [namely, subgenus/subgenera]. Considering that this feature appears within different groups of species (for instance, in the group ascutellaris, in taxa that were formerly considered to belong in subspecies of the same species; see also our discussion about groups of species), we prefer to propose here the synonym.
Therefore, Adelopsis is now considered to have no subgenera.
Besides the typical characters of the tribe, species of Adelopsis are characterized by having (except when noted): Antenna reaching base of elytra when laid back. Abdominal ventrites (sternites), especially sternites V–VII (preceeding the genital segment VIII), may be altered. Aedeagus broad; base curved downwards, with the orifice somewhat facing ventrally, at an angle of 45° from the horizontal axis (but in a few species it follows the longitudinal axis of the aedeagus—see our discussion about species groups); apical orifice dorsally subterminal and cuting the left side of aedeagus; flagellum elongate, strongly developed. Parameres flat, curved, shorter than aedeagus, bearing 3 small terminal setae, inserted close to each other. Genital segment globular, slightly longer than broad; lateral lobes bearing several long and short setae; the spiculum gastrale may be straight and of the same width along its axis, or its anterior apex may be enlarged or divided. Spermatheca varies among species; it is frequently 2-turns coiled (and may have more turns) and always ends with a distinct bulb.
description: Published as part of Gnaspini, Pedro & Peck, Stewart B., 2019, Redescription of the ' older Adelopsis' species (Coleoptera: Leiodidae: Cholevinae: Ptomaphagini) based on the analysis of type specimens, pp. 1-62 in Zootaxa 4696 (1) on page 6, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4696.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3542765
Robust Policy Search for Robot Navigation
Creators: name: Garcia-Barcos, Javier
name: Martinez-Cantin, Ruben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Complex robot navigation and control problems can be framed as policy search problems. However, interactive learning in uncertain environments can be expensive, requiring the use of data-efficient methods. Bayesian optimization is an efficient nonlinear optimization method where queries are carefully selected to gather information about the optimum location. This is achieved by a surrogate model, which encodes past information, and the acquisition function for query selection. Bayesian optimization can be very sensitive to uncertainty in the input data or prior assumptions. In this work, we incorporate both robust optimization and statistical robustness, showing that both types of robustness are synergistic. For robust optimization we use an improved version of unscented Bayesian optimization which provides safe and repeatable policies in the presence of policy uncertainty. We also provide new theoretical insights. For statistical robustness, we use an adaptive surrogate model and we introduce the Boltzmann selection as a stochastic acquisition method to have convergence guarantees and improved performance even with surrogate modeling errors. We present results in several optimization benchmarks and robot tasks.
Ectatomma
Creators: name: Smith, F.
Publisher: name: British Museum
Year: 1858
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Ectatomma

description: Genus 6. ECTATOMMA.
Head subquadrate; antennae inserted forwards on the face at the base of the clypeus, 12-jointed in the female, 13-jointed in the male; eyes ovate and very prominent, placed a little behind the middle at the sides of the head; maxillary palpi 2-jointed, labial palpi 2-jointed; mandibles triangular, with one or two minute teeth near their apex. Thorax: wings with one marginal and three submarginal cells, the second submarginal cell receiving the recurrent nervure near its base; legs elongate, the spur which arms the apex of the intermediate and posterior tibiae simple, that at the apex of the anterior pair pectinate within. Abdomen: the node of the peduncle incrassate, a deep strangulation between the first and second segments.
description: Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 102
Attacking the Quantum Internet
Creators: name: Satoh, Takahiko
name: Nagayama, Shota
name: Suzuki, Shigeya
name: Matsuo, Takaaki
name: Hajdušek, Michal
name: Van Meter, Rodney
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The main service provided by the coming Quantum Internet will be creating entanglement between any two quantum nodes. We discuss and classify attacks on quantum repeaters, which will serve roles similar to those of classical Internet routers. We have modeled the components for and structure of quantum repeater network nodes. With this model, we point out attack vectors, then analyze attacks in terms of confidentiality, integrity and availability. While we are reassured about the promises of quantum networks from the confidentiality point of view, integrity and availability present new vulnerabilities not present in classical networks and require care to handle properly. We observe that the requirements on the classical computing/networking elements affect the systems' overall security risks. This component-based analysis establishes a framework for further investigation of network-wide vulnerabilities.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures
Adelopsis ovalis Jeannel 1936
Creators: name: Gnaspini, Pedro
name: Peck, Stewart B.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Leiodidae
Adelopsis
Adelopsis ovalis

description: Adelopsis ovalis Jeannel, 1936
(Figs. 17–25)
Adelopsis ovalis Jeannel, 1936: 65 [and Figs. 77–78]; Gnaspini, 1996: 539 (type seen); Gnaspini and Peck, 2001: 429 (assignment to group ascutellaris); Salgado, 2010: 215 (assignment to group peruviensis). Here returned to group ascutellaris.
Type material examined: Holotype male [a single specimen in original description, assumed as holotype] in MNHN (Gnaspini, 1996: 541). Labels: “ Venezuela ”. Note: the specimen was previously dissected, and the genital segment was missing. Specimen here illustrated.
Length: 2.5 mm (original description); 2.3 mm (our measurement).
Type locality: “ Venezuela ”.
Short Redescription. Eyes normal, but slightly less than the usual height (Fig. 21). Data on wings not observed [apterous, according to original description (key couplet)]. No posterior projections on male ventrites. Apex of the right lobe of the aedeagus is an upside-down trapezoid with the apical margin curved outward, with a pronounced curve to its left end (Figs. 18, 20). Flagellum shorter (about half the length) than aedeagus, with apex bent at 90º (Fig. 17). Proportion aedeagus/elytron = 0.31. Genital segment missing. Male mesotibia with a sharp curve medially on the internal margin, being slightly bent medially (Fig. 24). Female unknown.
Distribution. Venezuela: known only from “ type locality” (original description; here).
Taxonomic Remarks.
1) See Taxonomic Remarks under Adelopsis ascutellaris, above.
2) Szymczakowski (1975: 14) stated that it is very probable that A. ovalis is a synonym of A. brunnea; and he proposed to use the latter as the valid name [but the former has page precedence] if this synonymy is proved right. However, this ‘potential synonymy’ has never been used in the literature afterwards. We here presently consider both as valid species, and do not propose a revalidation because we understand that Szymczakowski´s statement is not a valid taxonomic act.
3) This species is tentatively assigned to subgroup, since the genital segment (which is here considered important for subgroup assignment) is unknown.
description: Published as part of Gnaspini, Pedro & Peck, Stewart B., 2019, Redescription of the ' older Adelopsis' species (Coleoptera: Leiodidae: Cholevinae: Ptomaphagini) based on the analysis of type specimens, pp. 1-62 in Zootaxa 4696 (1) on pages 13-14, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4696.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3542765
Plectroctena mandibularis
Creators: name: Smith, F.
Publisher: name: British Museum
Year: 1858
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Plectroctena
Plectroctena mandibularis

description: 1. Plectroctena mandibularis. Pl. VII. figs. 1-5. B.M.
Worker. Length 5-7 lines.-Shining black: delicately and not very closely punctured; an impressed line runs upwards from the anterior margin of the elevation between the antennae, halfway towards the vertex; the mandibles grooved longitudinally. Thorax oblong, rounded in front, slightly narrowed and obliquely truncated posteriorly, finely punctured, and the sides delicately striated; the tarsi with a fulvous pubescence, the anterior pair densely pubescent beneath. Abdomen: the first segment finely punctured, the node of the peduncle incrassate, subglobose and finely punctured.
Male. Length 4 lines. -Black: the apex of the abdomen ferruginous; head narrower than the thorax, transverse, with the vertex slightly narrowed behind the eyes; shining and delicately punctured; the antennae inserted in front of two elevated processes, the clypeus widely emarginate; mandibles short, not toothed and blunt at their apex. Thorax rugose, the disk with a mixture of confluent punctures and striae; the mesothorax with two deeply impressed oblique channels running inwards and uniting at the base of the scutellum; the wings subhyaline and iridescent, the nervures testaceous, the stigma fuscous. Abdomen: the three apical segments ferruginous, of the same form as in the female, the node of the petiole also similar. The worker not known.
Hab. Port Natal.
The sexes, taken in coitu by Herr Gueinzius, have been received from Port Natal; he says, " solitary; I have not been able to find its nest."
description: Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on pages 101-102
Ectatomma punctata
Creators: name: Smith, F.
Publisher: name: British Museum
Year: 1858
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Ectatomma
Ectatomma punctata

description: 4. Ectatomma punctata. B.M.
Worker. Length 4 lines.-Obscure reddish-brown: the head, thorax, and node of the peduncle, with distant large shallow punctures, the interstices between the punctures very closely and very finely punctured; the legs and mandibles of a brighter red than the rest of the body; the mandibles finely striated longitudinally, their inner edge very finely serrated; the anterior margin of the clypeus rounded, the posterior margin of the vertex truncated. Thorax oblong, slightly narrowed posteriorly; the metathorax with a slight excavation, the shape of the anterior face of the node of the peduncle, which is curved in front and rounded behind, with an impressed central line above. Abdomen closely covered with very delicate shallow punctures; a deep strangulation between the first and second segments, the apical margins of the third and following segments pale rufo-testaceous.
Hab. Australia (Port Lincoln).
description: Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 104
Adelopsis brunnea Jeannel 1936
Creators: name: Gnaspini, Pedro
name: Peck, Stewart B.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Leiodidae
Adelopsis
Adelopsis brunnea

description: Adelopsis brunnea Jeannel, 1936
Adelopsis brunneus Jeannel, 1936: 66 [and Figs. 86–87].
Adelopsis brunneus brunneus; Szymczakowski, 1975: 15 [and Fig. 2] (type seen).
Adelopsis brunnea brunnea; Gnaspini, 1996: 539 (spelling corrected to feminine gender); Gnaspini and Peck, 2001: 429 (assignment to group), 430.
Holotype male [a single specimen in original description, assumed as holotype] in BMNH [not presently in BMNH (when we requested it for analysis), not examined].
Length: 2.2 mm (original description and Szymczakowski, 1975).
Type locality: “ Colombie ”.
Distribution. Colombia: known only from “ type locality” (original description; Szymczakowski, 1975).
Taxonomic Remarks.
1) See Taxonomic Remarks under Adelopsis ascutellaris, above.
2) Szymczakowski (1975: 14) stated that it is very probable that A. ovalis is a synonym of A. brunnea; and he proposed to use the latter as the valid name [but the former has page precedence] if this synonymy is proved right. However, this ‘potential synonymy’ has never been used in the literature afterwards. We here presently consider both as valid species, and do not propose a revalidation because we understand that Szymczakowski´s statement is not a valid taxonomic act.
3) As proposed in Gnaspini (1996: 539) and Peck et al. (1998: 62), all subspecies of A. brunnea Jeannel 1936 are here raised to species status. The combination of the variation observed on aedeagus, genital segment, eyes, antenna, male mesotibia, and spermatheca allow taxon recognition (see discussion under each of these taxa). As a result, this would be the only subspecies left in the species. Therefore, we here abandon the use of subspecies in A. brunnea.
4) This species is tentatively assigned to subgroup, since the genital segment (which is here considered important for subgroup assignment) is unknown.
description: Published as part of Gnaspini, Pedro & Peck, Stewart B., 2019, Redescription of the ' older Adelopsis' species (Coleoptera: Leiodidae: Cholevinae: Ptomaphagini) based on the analysis of type specimens, pp. 1-62 in Zootaxa 4696 (1) on page 14, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4696.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3542765
Kairona Huber & Carvalho 2019, gen. n.
Creators: name: Huber, Bernhard A.
name: Carvalho, Leonardo S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Pholcidae
Kairona

description: Kairona Huber & Carvalho gen. n.
Type species. Kairona selva sp. n.
Etymology. The genus name is derived from the ancient Greek Kairos, personification of opportunity, shown with one lock of hair on his forehead which reminds of the male ocular area modification of the type species; gender feminine.
Diagnosis/Description. See diagnosis and description of single known species below.
Notes. The recent molecular phylogeny of Pholcidae (Eberle et al. 2018) placed Kairona in a highly supported clade together with Saciperere (“Gen.n. Br15-45”); Pisaboa Huber, 2000; and Waunana Huber, 2000. No morphological synapomorphy is known that joins these genera. They all share vertical hairs in high density on the male legs (femora and tibiae, or tibiae only) but this character is widespread among Modisiminae (Huber 2000).
description: Published as part of Huber, Bernhard A. & Carvalho, Leonardo S., 2019, Filling the gaps: descriptions of unnamed species included in the latest molecular phylogeny of Pholcidae (Araneae), pp. 1-96 in Zootaxa 4546 (1) on page 52, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4546.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2619020
Ectatomma tuberculata
Creators: name: Smith, F.
Publisher: name: British Museum
Year: 1858
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Ectatomma
Ectatomma tuberculata

description: 1. Ectatomma tuberculata. Pl. VII. figs. 10-13. B.M.
Formica tuberculata, Latr. Fourm. 210. viii. f. 46. A. [[worker]], 46. C. [[queen]].
Oliv. Encycl. Meth. vi. 498. 41.
Formica tridentata, Fabr. Syst, Fiez. 412. 69.
Hab. South America; Brazil (Para; Santarem).
Male. Length 5 lines.-Fuscous or black, somewhat varying in colour: the antennae as long as the insect. Head small, narrowed behind and transversely striated behind the ocelli, in front of which the striation is finer and longitudinal; the face has three carinae between the antennae, the clypeus triangular and strongly striated, the antennae fulvous beneath; the mandibles and legs rufo-testaceous; the metathorax and node of the peduncle obscurely testaceous; the wings subhyaline, the nervures rufo-testaceous; the mesothorax and scutellum longitudinally striated, and having two oblique impressed lines which meet in the middle. Abdomen elongate; the apical margin of the first segment constricted, the two basal segments finely longitudinally aciculate, the third and following segments smooth and shining; the apex of the abdomen pale rufo-testaceous.
Hab. Brazil (Para; Santarem). (Coll. H. W. Bates.)
The sexes of this species were taken from the nest by Mr. Bates; the females and workers do not vary much in colouring, but the males differ considerably, some examples being entirely pale rufo-testaceous.
description: Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on pages 102-103
Adelopsis brasiliensis Jeannel 1936
Creators: name: Gnaspini, Pedro
name: Peck, Stewart B.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Leiodidae
Adelopsis
Adelopsis brasiliensis

description: Adelopsis brasiliensis Jeannel, 1936
(Figs. 26–27)
Adelopsis brasiliensis Jeannel, 1936: 66 [and Figs. 75–76]; Gnaspini, 1996: 539 (type seen); Gnaspini and Peck, 2001: 429 (tentative assignment to group ascutellaris); Salgado, 2010: 214 (assignment to group capitanea). Here returned to group ascutellaris.
Type material examined: Holotype male [a single specimen in original description, assumed as holotype] in MNHN (Gnaspini, 1996: 541). Labels: “Blumenau / S.O. [sud oeste = southwestern; but actually southern] Brasilien / (Reitter)” // “ Ptomaphagus braziliensis n. sp. ”. Note: the specimen was previously dissected, and both aedeagus and genital segment were missing [see Note under MNHN, in ‘Methods and Materials’]. Specimen here illustrated.
Length: 3.5 mm (original description); 3.15 mm (our measurement). It has a large size when compared to other species in the genus.
Type locality: Blumenau, Santa Catarina State, Brazil.
Short Redescription. Eyes normal, but slightly less than the usual height (Fig. 26). Winged. No posterior projections on male ventrites. Aedeagus and genital segment missing. Female unknown.
Distribution. Brazil: Santa Catarina State: known only from type locality (original description; here).
Taxonomic Remarks.
1) Unfortunately, both aedeagus and genital segment of the specimen examined were missing, not allowing a proper recognition of the species, even using illustrations in Jeannel (1936: Figs. 75–76). The aedeagus seems similar to that of other species in the group (see also Taxonomic Remarks under Adelopsis ascutellaris, above). However, the species is very large when compared to other species in the group. It is from a locality where it is the only species of the group recorded so far, except for A. curvipes Salgado, 2005 (length 2.75 mm), from a close locality. Therefore, we prefer to keep it as a separate species, and, in the future, compare it to the type of A. curvipes, to check for synonymy.
2) This species is tentatively assigned to subgroup, since the genital segment (which is here considered important for subgroup assignment) is unknown.
description: Published as part of Gnaspini, Pedro & Peck, Stewart B., 2019, Redescription of the ' older Adelopsis' species (Coleoptera: Leiodidae: Cholevinae: Ptomaphagini) based on the analysis of type specimens, pp. 1-62 in Zootaxa 4696 (1) on pages 14-15, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4696.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3542765
Densification of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Films: Mesoscopic Distinct Element Method Simulations and Experimental Validation
Creators: name: Drozdov, Grigorii
name: Ostanin, Igor
name: Xu, Hao
name: Wang, Yuezhou
name: Dumitrică, Traian
name: Grebenko, Artem
name: Tsapenko, Alexey P.
name: Gladush, Yuriy
name: Ermolaev, Georgy
name: Volkov, Valentyn S.
name: Eibl, Sebastian
name: Rüde, Ulrich
name: Nasibulin, Albert G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nanometer thin single-walled carbon nanotube (CNT) films collected from the aerosol chemical deposition reactors have gathered attention for their promising applications. Densification of these pristine films provides an important way to manipulate the mechanical, electronic, and optical properties. To elucidate the underlying microstructural level restructuring, which is ultimately responsible for the change in properties, we perform large scale vector-based mesoscopic distinct element method simulations in conjunction with electron microscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry characterization of pristine and densified films by drop-cast volatile liquid processing. Matching the microscopy observations, pristine CNT films with finite thickness are modeled as self-assembled CNT networks comprising entangled dendritic bundles with branches extending down to individual CNTs. Simulations of the film under uniaxial compression uncover an ultra-soft densification regime extending to a ~75% strain, which is likely accessible with the surface tensional forces arising from liquid surface tension during the evaporation. When removing the loads, the pre-compressed samples evolve into homogeneously densified films with thickness values depending on both the pre-compression level and the sample microstructure. The significant reduction in thickness, confirmed by our spectroscopic ellipsometry, is attributed to the underlying structural changes occurring at the 100 nm scale, including the zipping of the thinnest dendritic branches.
description: 12 figures
Cryptococcus Douglas 1890
Creators: name: Miller, Douglass R.
name: Stocks, Ian C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Eriococcidae
Cryptococcus

description: Cryptococcus Douglas 1890
Cryptococcus Douglas 1890: 155. Type species: Cryptococcus fagisuga Lindinger 1936 (= Coccus fagi Bärensprung 1849) by monotypy.
Note: Cryptococcus and Pseudochermes were placed in the family Cryptococcidae by Kozár et al. (2013), based primarily on the plate that surrounds the anal opening and on the presence of only 1 seta on each side of the basal segment of the labium. However, molecular evidence based on 18S sequence data suggests the placement of Cryptococcus in the Eriococcidae sensu lato, i.e., in the Gondwanan clade (see Cook & Gullan 2004, Gwiazdowski et al. 2006 and Nan et al. 2013). Therefore, we are treating the two species of Cryptococcus that occur in the U.S. as part of the family Eriococcidae.
Etymology: The generic epithet “ Cryptococcus ” is formed from the Greek word “ kryptos” meaning “secret” or “hidden” and the Greek word “ kokkos” meaning “round structure” or “scale insect”, and refers to the highly cryptic nature of species in the genus.
description: Published as part of Miller, Douglass R. & Stocks, Ian C., 2022, New genera and species of felt scales (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Eriococcidae), with descriptions of new species and immature instars of described species, pp. 1-213 in Zootaxa 5221 (1) on page 60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5221.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7441371
TIBBIYOT OLIY TA`LIM MUASSASALARIDA   LINGVODIDAKTIK  TAFAKKURNI RIVOJLANTIRISH ORQALI TALABALARDA INGLIZ TILINI O`QITISH SAMARADORLIGINI OSHIRISH
Creators: name: Kadirova, Go`Zal
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ushbu maqolada tibbiyot OTM talabalariga ingliz tilini o`qitish sifatini baholash indekatorlarini shakllantirish masalasi, xususan, ingliz tilini o`qitish  jarayonini baholash   ko`rsatgichlari va mezonlari masalаsi tahlili bayon qilingan.
Ectatomma brunnea
Creators: name: Smith, F.
Publisher: name: British Museum
Year: 1858
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Ectatomma
Ectatomma brunnea

description: 2. Ectatomma brunnea. B.M.
Female. Length 5 lines.-Deep red-brown: finely striated and somewhat shining; the striation on the head, mandibles and mesothorax, longitudinal, that on the prothorax, metathorax and node of the peduncle, transverse; the basal segment of the abdomen has a very fine curved striation as well as the second segment, on the latter it is very delicate; the apical margins of two or three of the apical segments, as well as the apex itself, bright shining rufo-testaceous; the node of the abdomen incrassate, rounded and blunt at the apex; the insect with short, scattered, pale glittering hairs; the wings flavo-hyaline, the nervures pale testaceous; the metathorax has two short teeth.
Worker.-Rather smaller than the female, of the same colour and similarly striated; the thorax anteriorly produced into a short sharp angular tooth on each side; the metathorax has also two short acute teeth; the thorax is narrower and more elongate than in the female, and the apical joints of the tarsi are pale testaceous.
Hab. Brazil (Santarem).
This species, independent of its darker colour, is differently and much more finely sculptured and striated than tuberculata; the specimens of the latter have the head very coarsely grooved or striated, the grooves with many transverse reticulations, the posterior angles of the vertex acute; in E. brunnea they are rounded.
description: Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 103
Adelopsis portevini Gnaspini & Peck 2019, new species
Creators: name: Gnaspini, Pedro
name: Peck, Stewart B.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Leiodidae
Adelopsis
Adelopsis portevini

description: Adelopsis portevini, new species
(Figs. 54–61)
Holotype, male (MNHN). Type locality and data: Venezuela: Distrito Capital: Caracas region, Sallé, 1848. Labels: “[?] 9 48 / Sallé 1848 Env. de Caracas // det. G. Portevin, 1902”. Specimen here illustrated. Note: specimen misidentified as Adelopsis ascutellaris (Murray, 1856) — Gnaspini, 1996: 540, and see Notes under A. ascutellaris, above.
Length: Head and pronotum are missing, but we judge that the specimen would measure around 1.6–1.7 mm.
Short Description. Head and pronotum are missing. Data on wings not observed. No posterior projections on male ventrites. Apex of the right lobe of the aedeagus as an upside-down trapezoid with the apical margin almost straight, slightly concave (Figs. 55, 57). Flagellum much shorter (about 1/ 4 in length) than aedeagus (Fig. 55). Proportion aedeagus/elytron = 0.34. Anterior sides of spiculum gastrale of the genital segment widening towards the apex, resulting in a pawn-shaped spiculum gastrale, with the apical width slightly wider than the rounded conic base (Fig. 58). Male mesotibia regularly curved internally (Fig. 60). Female unknown.
Etymology. The name is given in honor of G. Portevin, who examined the specimen, for his large contribution to systematics of cholevines and many other beetle groups.
Distribution. Venezuela: Distrito Capital: known only from type locality.
Taxonomic Remarks. The species can be separated from others in the group by a combination of characters. The flagellum of the aedeagus is very short, which seems to be unusual in the group. The male mesotibia is curved, as in A. azzalii Szymczakowski, 1975 n. stat. and A. brevicollis Szymczakowski, 1975 n. stat., and different of A. ascutellaris (Murray, 1856) and A. ovalis Jeannel, 1936. The tip of the aedeagus is similar to that of A. orcina Szymczakowski, 1975 n. stat., which also has a curved male mesotibia, but the spiculum gastrale of the genital segment is markedly different between the two species.
Although it is based on a single and incomplete male, we believe that it is appropriate to describe a new species because the specimen is already placed in a collection, with a mistaken identification label, and, if kept this way, it may create more confusion for future taxonomists of the group.
description: Published as part of Gnaspini, Pedro & Peck, Stewart B., 2019, Redescription of the ' older Adelopsis' species (Coleoptera: Leiodidae: Cholevinae: Ptomaphagini) based on the analysis of type specimens, pp. 1-62 in Zootaxa 4696 (1) on pages 18-19, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4696.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3542765
Ectatomma aciculata
Creators: name: Smith, F.
Publisher: name: British Museum
Year: 1858
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Ectatomma
Ectatomma aciculata

description: 5. Ectatomma aciculata. B.M.
Worker. Length 5 lines.-Black: the mandibles, legs and abdomen obscurely ferruginous; the head closely covered with large coarse shallow punctures, which run into diverging striae on the vertex; the head truncate behind. Thorax elongate, with distant shallow punctures; the node of the abdomen incrassate and subconical. Abdomen: the first and second segments transversely and delicately aciculate.
Hab. Australia; Hunter River.
This species very closely resembles E. punctata, of which it may possibly be an extreme variety; but, independent of the difference in the sculpture of the abdomen, the head is rather longer behind the eyes, the thorax is much more sparingly punctured, and the node of the peduncle has no deeply impressed line.
description: Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 104
Ectatomma concinna
Creators: name: Smith, F.
Publisher: name: British Museum
Year: 1858
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Ectatomma
Ectatomma concinna

description: 3. Ectatomma concinna. B.M.
Female. Length 6 lines.-Chestnut-brown: delicately and evenly striated; the striation on the head, mesothorax, scutellum, node of the peduncle and second segment of the abdomen is longitudinal, that on the prothorax is obliquely curved; on the metathorax and basal segment of the abdomen it is transversely curved; the clypeus truncate in front, with the lateral angles emarginate; the mandibles bent, smooth and shining, their inner edge only touching towards their apex, and being finely denticulate; the eyes less prominent than in tuberculata or brunnea; the wings subhyaline, the nervures rufo-testaceous, and covered with a fine downy pubescence; the node of the peduncle subglobose, and produced behind into an obtuse tooth or tubercle; beneath, it is pinched into a sharp longitudinal edge, with a tooth at the base and another about the middle.
Hab. Brazil (Santarem). (Coll. H. W. Bates.)
This species resembles the two preceding, but is readily distinguished by the fineness of the striation, and by not having any angles or teeth on the head and thorax; the pubescent wings are a strong distinctive character.
description: Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on pages 103-104
Hypericicoccus Williams 1963
Creators: name: Miller, Douglass R.
name: Stocks, Ian C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Eriococcidae
Hypericicoccus

description: Hypericicoccus Williams 1963
Trachycoccus Ferris 1955: 215. Type species: Trachycoccus hyperici Ferris by monotypy and original designation (junior homonym discovered by Williams 1961: 93). Notes: Homonym of Trachycoccus Borchsenius 1950: 781.
Hypericicoccus Williams 1963: 93. Type species: Trachycoccus hyperici Ferris 1955: 215 (replacement name for Trachycoccus Ferris 1955).
Diagnosis of adult female: Derm along body margin with numerous small projections; anal lobes not projecting; enlarged setae with broad bases similar to most species of Ovaticoccus; ventral setae enlarged near anal ring; microtubular ducts on both surfaces; macrotubular ducts absent; multilocular pores on both surfaces; cruciform pores present; anal ring with unusually robust setae; legs and antennae reduced.
description: Published as part of Miller, Douglass R. & Stocks, Ian C., 2022, New genera and species of felt scales (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Eriococcidae), with descriptions of new species and immature instars of described species, pp. 1-213 in Zootaxa 5221 (1) on page 67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5221.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7441371