cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Investigating the impact of non-local parallel transport in tokamak edge plasmas
Creators: name: Power, Dominic
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2023

description: The thin region of plasma at the edge of a tokamak, as the boundary condition to the confined plasma in the core, plays an oversized role in the performance of such devices. As such, the topic of exhaust physics is central to the ongoing effort to make magnetically confined fusion a viable approach to clean energy generation. A defining feature of this edge plasma, called the scrape-off layer (SOL), is a large temperature gradient in the direction parallel to the magnetic field. Large temperature drops are probably crucial to avoid excessive heat loads to the solid components which make up the walls of the device. However, their presence means that classical transport models, which assume the plasma is at or close to local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) and which are used widely in SOL modelling, can lose their predictive power [1-3]. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the extent of this effect in detail by performing kinetic simulations of parallel transport in SOL plasmas, with a focus on the electrons. There is an emphasis on quantifying the modelling uncertainties that exist in classical ('fluid') approaches to SOL simulations by performing self-consistent comparisons between kinetic and fluid models. To do this, the one-dimensional SOL kinetic code SOL-KiT has been used [4]. By extending the capabilities of this code, reducing its computational expense, and developing a standalone atomic physics code (all of which are described), it has been possible to study electron kinetics in a range of conditions relevant to current and future tokamaks. A number of distinct investigations have been performed. Firstly, it has been shown that fluid models are in fact very good at capturing the transfer of energy between ions and electrons in SOL plasmas. Secondly, it is demonstrated that a kinetic treatment leads to significant differences in parallel conductive heat transport and behaviour at the wall boundary, both of which contribute to modified temperature profiles. A set of simple scaling laws for these effects has been proposed. Finally, the effect of non-LTE electrons on plasma-atomic physics has been investigated. Here, strongly enhanced reaction rates due to the form of the electron velocity distribution have been observed, but this effect is largely reversed when considered alongside the modified temperature profiles.
Classical Realization of Dispersion Cancellation by Time-Reversal Method
Creators: name: Ogawa, Kazuhisa
name: Tamate, Shuhei
name: Nakanishi, Toshihiro
name: Kobayashi, Hirokazu
name: Kitano, Masao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a classical optical interferometry scheme that reproduces dispersion-insensitive Hong-Ou-Mandel interferograms. The interferometric scheme is derived from a systematic method based on the time-reversal symmetry of quantum mechanics. The scheme uses a time-reversed version of a Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer with pairs of orthogonally polarized input laser pulses. We experimentally demonstrate automatic dispersion cancellation using the interferometry. The results show that the interferometer can obtain high-visibility interferograms with high signal conversion efficiency.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Morawetz's Contributions to the Mathematical Theory of Transonic Flows, Shock Waves, and Partial Differential Equations of Mixed Type
Creators: name: Chen, Gui-Qiang G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article is a survey of Cathleen Morawetz's contributions to the mathematical theory of transonic flows, shock waves, and partial differential equations of mixed elliptic-hyperbolic type. The main focus is on Morawetz's fundamental work on the non-existence of continuous transonic flows past profiles, Morawetz's program regarding the construction of global steady weak transonic flow solutions past profiles via compensated compactness, and a potential theory for regular and Mach reflection of a shock at a wedge. The profound impact of Morawetz's work on recent developments and breakthroughs in these research directions and related areas in pure and applied mathematics are also discussed.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures; Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, 2024 (to appear)
Importance of tetrahedral coordination for high-valent transition metal oxides: YCrO$_4$ as a model system
Creators: name: Tsirlin, A. A.
name: Rabie, M. G.
name: Efimenko, A.
name: Hu, Z.
name: Saez-Puche, R.
name: Tjeng, L. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated the electronic structure of the high oxidation state material YCrO$_4$ within the framework of the Zaanen-Sawatzky-Allen phase diagram. While Cr$^{4+}$-based compounds like SrCrO$_3$/CaCrO$_3$ and CrO$_2$ can be classified as small-gap or metallic negative-charge-transfer systems, we find using photoelectron spectroscopy that YCrO$_4$ is a robust insulator despite the fact that its Cr ions have an even higher formal valence state of 5+. We reveal using band structure calculations that the tetrahedral coordination of the Cr$^{5+}$ ions in YCrO$_4$ plays a decisive role, namely to diminish the bonding of the Cr $3d$ states with the top of the O $2p$ valence band. This finding not only explains why the charge-transfer energy remains effectively positive and the material stable, but also opens up a new route to create doped carriers with symmetries different from those of other transition-metal ions.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
title: Σχεδιασμός διαχείρισης στερεών αποβλήτων περιφερειακής ενότητας Ευρυτανίας περιφέρειας Στερεάς Ελλάδας
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Κολιόπουλος, Κωνσταντίνος
Publisher: name: University of Thessaly
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: ΑΠΟΒΛΗΤΑ -- ΔΙΑΧΕΙΡΙΣΗ -- ΕΛΛΑΔΑ -- ΕΥΡΥΤΑΝΙΑ
subject: ΑΠΟΡΡΙΜΜΑΤΑ ΚΑΙ ΔΙΑΘΕΣΗ ΑΠΟΡΡΙΜΜΑΤΩΝ -- ΕΛΛΑΔΑ -- ΕΥΡΥΤΑΝΙΑ
subject: ΠΕΡΙΒΑΛΛΟΝ -- ΠΡΟΣΤΑΣΙΑ -- ΕΛΛΑΔΑ -- ΕΥΡΥΤΑΝΙΑ

description: Σημείωση: διατίθεται συμπληρωματικό υλικό σε ξεχωριστό αρχείο.
Assessing Quantum Thermalization in Physical and Configuration Spaces via Many-Body Weak Values
Creators: name: Destefani, Carlos F.
name: Oriols, Xavier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the origin of the arrow of time in an isolated quantum system described by the Schroedinger equation. We provide an explanation from weak values in the configuration space, which are understood as operational properties obtained in the laboratory following a well-defined protocol. We show that quantum systems satisfying the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis can simultaneously provide thermalized ensemble expectation values and nonthermalized weak values of the momentum, both from the same operational probability distribution. The reason why weak values of the momentum may escape from the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis is because they are linked only to off-diagonal elements of the density matrix in the energy representation. For indistinguishable particles, however, operational properties can not be defined in the configuration space. Therefore, we state that the origin of the arrow of time in isolated quantum systems described by the Schroedinger equation comes from dealing with properties obtained by averaging (tracing out) some degrees of freedom of the configuration space. We then argue that thermalization does not occur in the properties defined in the configuration space, and our argument is compatible with defending that thermalization is a real phenomenon in the properties defined in the physical space. All of these conclusions are testable in the laboratory through many-body weak values.
description: 10 pages plus 7 pages for supplements and 2 pages for references
Formation of planetary debris discs around white dwarfs I: Tidal disruption of an extremely eccentric asteroid
Creators: name: Veras, Dimitri
name: Leinhardt, Zoe M.
name: Bonsor, Amy
name: Gaensicke, Boris T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: 25%-50% of all white dwarfs (WDs) host observable and dynamically active remnant planetary systems based on the presence of close-in circumstellar dust and gas and photospheric metal pollution. Currently-accepted theoretical explanations for the origin of this matter include asteroids that survive the star's giant branch evolution at au-scale distances and are subsequently perturbed onto WD-grazing orbits following stellar mass loss. In this work we investigate the tidal disruption of these highly-eccentric (e > 0.98) asteroids as they approach and tidally disrupt around the WD. We analytically compute the disruption timescale and compare the result with fully self-consistent numerical simulations of rubble piles by using the N-body code PKDGRAV. We find that this timescale is highly dependent on the orbit's pericentre and largely independent of its semimajor axis. We establish that spherical asteroids readily break up and form highly eccentric collisionless rings, which do not accrete onto the WD without additional forces such as radiation or sublimation. This finding highlights the critical importance of such forces in the physics of WD planetary systems.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Standard carotid endarterectomy versus carotid artery stenting with closed-cell stent design and distal embolic protection: does the age matter?
Creators: name: Peluso, Andrea
name: Turchino, Davide
name: Petrone, Alessio
name: Giribono, Anna Maria
name: Bracale, Renata
name: Del Guercio, Luca
name: Bracale, Umberto Marcello
Publisher: name: Universita' degli Studi di Salerno
Year: 2019
Subjects: Carotid artery stenosis
Carotid endarterectomy
Endovascular treatment
Stent
Embolic protection device

description: Carotid artery endarterectomy (CEA) is considered the gold standard for treatment of symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid disease. Carotid artery stenting (CAS) is a less invasive approach and therefore could be considered a viable alternative to CEA, especially in high-risk patients or those with relative contraindications to CEA (i.e. actinic stenosis, post-CEA restenosis, previous neck or tracheostomy surgery, contralateral laryngeal nerve paralysis, etc.). Methods – The aim of this study is to evaluate the short- and medium-term outcomes of CAS performed with a single type of closed-cell stent design and distal filter protection by comparing the procedure with CEA based upon 3 endpoints: overall survival rate, stroke free survival rate and restenosis free survival rate. The same endpoints were also evaluated in 2 different age groups, more and less than 70 years, to show possible age-based differences on outcomes. Among 105 patients (77 males, 28 females), 74 were submitted to CEA and 31 were subject to CAS. In all cases the same self-expanding stent with closed-cell design (XACT Carotid Stent, Abbott Vascular) and the same distal embolic protection device (Emboshield NAV, Abbott Vascular) were employed. Results – At 12 months, no statistically significant difference was observed in overall survival rates (CEA 93.2% vs CAS 93.5%, p=0.967) and restenosis free survival rates (CEA 94.5% vs CAS 96.8%, p=0.662). An increased stroke free survival rate was observed in the CEA group when compared to the CAS group (CEA 100.0% vs CAS 93.5%, p=0.028). The age-based endpoints didn’t show any significant difference. Conclusion - These results suggest that CEA still remains the gold standard of treatment for carotid stenosis given its greater efficacy in the prevention of stroke CAS. However, CAS could be considered as an alternative treatment to CEA to be used in select cases only.
Discretization and numerical schemes for stationary kinetic model equations
Creators: name: Babovsky, Hans
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: stationary kinetic equation
subject: numerical schemes

description: There are still many open questions concerning the relationship between (steady) kinetic equations, random particle games designed for these equations, and transitions, e.g. to fluid dynamics and turbulence phenomena. The paper presents some first steps into the derivation of models which on one hand may be used for the design of efficient numerical schemes for steady gas kinetics, and on the other hand allow to study the interplay between particle schemes and physical phenomena.
Boundary integral operators for plate bending in domains with corners
Creators: name: Schmidt, Gunther
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: biharmonic equation
subject: plate bending
subject: nonsmooth curve
subject: boundary integral operators
subject: boundary integral equations
subject: 31A30
subject: 47G10
subject: 65N38

description: The paper studies boundary integral operators of the bi-Laplacian on piecewise smooth curves with corners and describes their mapping properties in the trace spaces of variational solutions of the biharmonic equation. We formulate a direct integral equation method for solving mixed boundary value problems for the biharmonic equation on a nonsmooth plane domain, analyse the solvability of the corresponding systems of integral equations and prove their strong ellipticity.
title: Earliest Khmer Stone Architecture and its Origins
title: Earliest Khmer Stone Architecture and its Origins
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Gabel, Joachim
Publisher: name: Deutsches Archäologisches Institut
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mainland Southeast Asia
subject: Vat Phu
subject: field study
subject: earliest Khmer stone architecture
subject: spirit belief

description: Journal of Global Archaeology, 2022
description: Research on the development of Khmer stone architecture prior to the pre-Angkor period was of little significance seemingly due to a shortage of material. However, at Vat Phu in South Laos, the cradle of Chenla, two small buildings constructed from large sandstone elements, hitherto incorrectly dated, are probably the only extant examples of the intermediary link between prehistoric buildings made from perishable material and the later Indian influenced temples. These megalithic cells and connected carvings, including the depiction of a crocodile and two serpents, were part of a widespread indigenous religious cult that was focused on human sacrifice and the worship of important tutelary spirits. This field study was further focused on a re-investigation of sites with related sandstone cells or animal carvings as well as prehistoric burials in other parts of mainland Southeast Asia that allows a better dating and understanding of the early architectural evolution of the region. Of particular relevance is also Monument K at the site of Oc Eo in former Funan. Probably in the sixth century Funan merged with Chenla which finally led to the formation of Kambujadesa and its first monumental pre-Angkor architecture.
Fast and slow waves in the FitzHugh-Nagumo equation
Creators: name: Krupa, Martin
name: Sandstede, Björn
name: Szmolyan, Peter
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: singularly
subject: perturbed systems
subject: n-homoclinic orbits
subject: FitzHugh-Nagumo equation
subject: travelling waves
subject: singular orbits
subject: perturbations
subject: homoclinic orbits
subject: heteroclinic orbits
subject: Shilnikov coordinates
subject: exchange lemma
subject: inclination-flip points
subject: 34C37
subject: 34E20

description: It is known that the FitzHugh-Nagumo equation possesses fast and slow travelling waves. Fast waves are perturbations of singular orbits consisting of two pieces of slow manifolds and connections between them, whereas slow waves are perturbations of homoclinic orbits of the unperturbed system. We unfold a degenerate point where the two types of singular orbits coalesce forming a heteroclinic orbit of the unpertubed system. Let c denote the wave speed and ∈ the singular perturbation parameter. We show that there exists a C2 smooth curve of homoclinic orbits of the form (c,∈(c)) connecting the fast wave branch to the slow wave branch. Additionally we show that this curve has a unique non-degenerate maximum. Our analysis is based on a Shilnikov coordinates result, extending the Exchange Lemma of Jones and Kopell. We also prove the existence of inclination-filp points for the travelling wave equation thus providing the evidence of the existence of n-homoclinic orbits (n-pulses for the FitzHugh-Nagumo equation) for arbitrary n.
Scale-Free Networks beyond Power-Law Degree Distribution
Creators: name: Meng, Xiangyi
name: Zhou, Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Complex networks across various fields are often considered to be scale free -- a statistical property usually solely characterized by a power-law distribution of the nodes' degree $k$. However, this characterization is incomplete. In real-world networks, the distribution of the degree-degree distance $η$, a simple link-based metric of network connectivity similar to $k$, appears to exhibit a stronger power-law distribution than $k$. While offering an alternative characterization of scale-freeness, the discovery of $η$ raises a fundamental question: do the power laws of $k$ and $η$ represent the same scale-freeness? To address this question, here we investigate the exact asymptotic {relationship} between the distributions of $k$ and $η$, proving that every network with a power-law distribution of $k$ also has a power-law distribution of $η$, but \emph{not} vice versa. This prompts us to introduce two network models as counterexamples that have a power-law distribution of $η$ but not $k$, constructed using the preferential attachment and fitness mechanisms, respectively. Both models show promising accuracy by fitting only one model parameter each when modeling real-world networks. Our findings suggest that $η$ is a more suitable indicator of scale-freeness and can provide a deeper understanding of the universality and underlying mechanisms of scale-free networks.
Additional file 1 of Minocycline for sporadic and hereditary cerebral amyloid angiopathy (BATMAN): study protocol for a placebo-controlled randomized double-blind trial
Creators: name: Voigt, S.
name: Koemans, E. A.
name: Rasing, I.
name: van Etten, E. S.
name: Terwindt, G. M.
name: Baas, F.
name: Kaushik, K.
name: van Es, A. C. G. M.
name: van Buchem, M. A.
name: van Osch, M. J. P.
name: van Walderveen, M. A. A.
name: Klijn, C. J. M.
name: Verbeek, M. M.
name: van der Weerd, L.
name: Wermer, M. J. H.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. BATMANR1.
ViewNet: Unsupervised Viewpoint Estimation from Conditional Generation
Creators: name: Mariotti, Octave
name: Mac Aodha, Oisin
name: Bilen, Hakan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Understanding the 3D world without supervision is currently a major challenge in computer vision as the annotations required to supervise deep networks for tasks in this domain are expensive to obtain on a large scale. In this paper, we address the problem of unsupervised viewpoint estimation. We formulate this as a self-supervised learning task, where image reconstruction provides the supervision needed to predict the camera viewpoint. Specifically, we make use of pairs of images of the same object at training time, from unknown viewpoints, to self-supervise training by combining the viewpoint information from one image with the appearance information from the other. We demonstrate that using a perspective spatial transformer allows efficient viewpoint learning, outperforming existing unsupervised approaches on synthetic data, and obtains competitive results on the challenging PASCAL3D+ dataset.
ViewNeRF: Unsupervised Viewpoint Estimation Using Category-Level Neural Radiance Fields
Creators: name: Mariotti, Octave
name: Mac Aodha, Oisin
name: Bilen, Hakan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce ViewNeRF, a Neural Radiance Field-based viewpoint estimation method that learns to predict category-level viewpoints directly from images during training. While NeRF is usually trained with ground-truth camera poses, multiple extensions have been proposed to reduce the need for this expensive supervision. Nonetheless, most of these methods still struggle in complex settings with large camera movements, and are restricted to single scenes, i.e. they cannot be trained on a collection of scenes depicting the same object category. To address these issues, our method uses an analysis by synthesis approach, combining a conditional NeRF with a viewpoint predictor and a scene encoder in order to produce self-supervised reconstructions for whole object categories. Rather than focusing on high fidelity reconstruction, we target efficient and accurate viewpoint prediction in complex scenarios, e.g. 360° rotation on real data. Our model shows competitive results on synthetic and real datasets, both for single scenes and multi-instance collections.
title: Journal of Global Archaeology, 2022
title: Journal of Global Archaeology
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Deutsches Archäologisches Institut
Publisher: name: Deutsches Archäologisches Institut
Year: 2022

description: Coverbild: J. Gabel Gestaltung: LMK Büro für Kommunikationsdesign, Berlin
description: Earliest Khmer Stone Architecture and its Origins
Spin and Valley Polarized Multiple Fermi Surfaces of α-RuCl$_3$/Bilayer Graphene Heterostructure
Creators: name: Kim, Soyun
name: Hong, Jeonghoon
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Falson, Joseph
name: Kim, Jeongwoo
name: Kim, Youngwook
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the transport properties of $α$-RuCl$_3$/bilayer graphene heterostructures, where carrier doping is induced by a work function difference, resulting in distinct electron and hole populations in $α$-RuCl3 and bilayer graphene, respectively. Through a comprehensive analysis of multi-channel transport signatures, including Hall measurements and quantum oscillation, we unveil significant band modifications within the system. In particular, we observe the emergence of spin and valley polarized multiple hole-type Fermi pockets, originating from the spin-selective band hybridization between $α$-RuCl$_3$ and bilayer graphene, breaking the spin degree of freedom. Unlike $α$-RuCl$_3$ /monolayer graphene system, the presence of different hybridization strengths between $α$-RuCl$_3$ and the top and bottom graphene layers leads to an asymmetric behavior of the two layers, confirmed by effective mass experiments, resulting in the manifestation of valley-polarized Fermi pockets. These compelling findings establish $α$-RuCl$_3$ proximitized to bilayer graphene as an outstanding platform for engineering its unique low-energy band structure.
description: accepted to APL
Process parameter sensitivity of the energy absorbing properties of additively manufactured metallic cellular materials
Creators: name: Simoes, M.
name: Harris, J. A.
name: Ghouse, S.
name: Hooper, P. A.
name: McShane, G. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Additive Manufacturing (AM) has enabled the fabrication of metallic cellular materials that are of interest in the design of lightweight impact resistant structures. However, there is a need to understand the interactions between: (i) the material architecture, (ii) the AM process parameters, and (iii) the as-built geometry, microstructure and energy absorbing properties. In this work, we investigate the quasi-static and dynamic behaviour of cellular materials manufactured from 316L stainless steel using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). Four cellular architectures are considered (octet lattice, lattice-walled square honeycomb, origami and square honeycomb), as well as three sets of AM process parameters, characterised by laser powers of 50, 125 and 200 W. The exposure time is adjusted to deliver the same total heat input. The 125 W case leads to material with the highest strength and ductility. The cellular materials with this process variant match their nominal densities most closely, and have the highest strength and energy absorption. Either reducing (50 W) or increasing (200 W) the power leads to a significant increase in porosity, reducing strength and energy absorption. However, we find that changes due to process-induced porosity have a smaller influence than those resulting from the choice of cellular architecture.
description: 25 pages, 21 figures, Supplementary data availabel at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2022.111398
Functional estimation and change detection for nonstationary time series
Creators: name: Mies, Fabian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Tests for structural breaks in time series should ideally be sensitive to breaks in the parameter of interest, while being robust to nuisance changes. Statistical analysis thus needs to allow for some form of nonstationarity under the null hypothesis of no change. In this paper, estimators for integrated parameters of locally stationary time series are constructed and a corresponding functional central limit theorem is established, enabling change-point inference for a broad class of parameters under mild assumptions. The proposed framework covers all parameters which may be expressed as nonlinear functions of moments, for example kurtosis, autocorrelation, and coefficients in a linear regression model. To perform feasible inference based on the derived limit distribution, a bootstrap variant is proposed and its consistency is established. The methodology is illustrated by means of a simulation study and by an application to high-frequency asset prices.
description: This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in the Journal of the American Statistical Association on September 27, 2021
title: Dokumentation der Erhebungsinstrumente des Projekts WiGeMath
Creators: name: Schürmann, Mirko
name: Büdenbener-Kuklinski, Christiane
name: Lankeit, Elisa
name: Liebendörfer, Michael
name: Hochmuth, Reinhard
name: Biehler, Rolf
name: Schaper, Niclas
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 370
subject: 510
subject: Studienanfang
subject: Mathematik
subject: Lerntechnik
subject: Bildungsforschung
subject: Erhebungsverfahren
subject: Skala
subject: Datenerhebung

description: BMBF-Projekte WiGeMath und WiGeMath-Transfer
Probing the small-$x$ nuclear gluon distributions with isolated photons at forward rapidities in p+Pb collisions at the LHC
Creators: name: Helenius, Ilkka
name: Eskola, Kari J.
name: Paukkunen, Hannu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inclusive direct photon production in p+Pb collisions at the LHC is studied within the NLO perturbative QCD. Our aim is to quantify the dominant $x$ regions probed at different rapidities and to identify the best conditions for testing the nuclear gluon parton distribution functions (nPDFs) at small $x$. A comparison to the inclusive pion production reveals that from these two processes the photons carry more sensitivity to the small-$x$ partons and that this sensitivity can be further increased by imposing an isolation cut for the photon events. The details of the isolation criteria, however, seem to make only a small difference to the studied $x$ sensitivity and have practically no effect on the expected nuclear modifications. We consider also the yield asymmetry between forward and backward rapidities which can be used to probe the nPDFs irrespectively of whether an accurate p+p baseline is available.
description: 15 pages, 17 figures
Stochastic Augmentation of the Discrete Element Method for the Investigation of Tensile Rupture in Heterogeneous Rock
Creators: name: Caulk, Robert
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Discrete Element Method
rock heterogeneity modeling
acoustic emission
tensile fracture
intrinsic process zone
computational geomechanics

description: The paper introduces a methodology designed for the investigation of rock matrix heterogeneities and their effect on pre- and post- fracture behavior. Specifically, a grain edge interaction length distribution (EILD) is constructed by Cathodoluminescnece image analysis. The EILD augments traditional Discrete Element Method (DEM) models by stochastically strengthening or weakening bonds, which simulates the presence of defects and locally tough regions. These heterogeneities cause the development of an intrinsic process zone (IPZ), which is a material property that is experimentally observable by Acoustic Emissions (AE). This paper compares the development of the IPZ within numerical and experimental three point bending tests. Similar to experimental observations, EILD-augmented DEM three point bending tests yield IPZs with variable widths. In comparison, the traditional DEM is unable to generate an IPZ. The paper concludes that the physically informed EILD contains the necessary physical distribution of grain contacts to augment DEM rock fracture models. Further analysis of the numerical AE activity reveals that larger AE events are located directly along the rupture and they are linearly related to their number of constituent interactions. As such, an AE interaction count threshold is identified to distinguish between rupture and damage AE activity. These results demonstrate the ability of the presented augmented DEM model to investigate the rock volumes associated with large rupture events for various levels of heterogeneity.
A Kinetic Inductance Parametric Amplifier for Quantum Sensing
Creators: name: Rosenfeld, Ethan
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2025
Subjects: Quantum Sensing
Quantum Optics
Microwave Engineering

description: Superconducting parametric amplifiers are used extensively to amplify signals in sensitive cryogenic measurements of quantum devices. State-of-the-art Josephson parametric amplifiers have a 1 dB compression point limited by higher order nonlinear processes at large gain and are currently incompatible with frequencies in the millimeter-wave band (30-300 GHz). In this work, we present a resonant parametric amplifier using four-wave mixing based on nonlinear kinetic inductance in thin film NbTiN. The device is engineered with coupled transmission lines to reduce added noise by placing the pump tones at adjacent modes to the signal tone. This device is designed with an eye towards future quantum sensing applications—in particular towards the preparation of squeezed millimeter-wave photons for use in impedance microscopy of 2D materials beyond the standard quantum limit.
[Rezension von: Katholische Theologie im Nationalsozialismus. Bd. 1,2, Institutionen und Strukturen]
Creators: name: Marschler, Thomas
Publisher: name: Forum Katholische Theologie
Year: 1970

description: Forum Katholische Theologie, Bd. 29 Nr. 2 (2013): Forum Katholische Theologie, Band 29, Heft 2
Urvoy, Marie-Therèse: Essai de critique littéraire dans le nouveau monde arabo-islamique
Creators: name: Bruns, Peter
Publisher: name: Forum Katholische Theologie
Year: 1970

description: Forum Katholische Theologie, Bd. 29 Nr. 2 (2013): Forum Katholische Theologie, Band 29, Heft 2
title: Προοπτική επιδημιολογική μελέτη για την πρόληψη των καρδιαγγειακών νοσημάτων σε ασθενείς με θυροειδοπάθειες
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Κουκοβίνου, Ευαγγελία
Publisher: name: University of Thessaly
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: ΘΥΡΕΟΕΙΔΗΣ ΑΔΕΝΑΣ -- ΑΣΘΕΝΕΙΕΣ
subject: ΚΑΡΔΙΑΓΓΕΙΑΚΟ ΣΥΣΤΗΜΑ -- ΑΣΘΕΝΕΙΕΣ -- ΠΡΟΛΗΨΗ
subject: ΠΡΩΤΟΒΑΘΜΙΑ ΦΡΟΝΤΙΔΑ ΥΓΕΙΑΣ

description: Σημείωση: διατίθεται συμπληρωματικό υλικό σε ξεχωριστό αρχείο.
The Impact of Corona Virus on the Socio-Economic Life of Nigerians
Creators: name: Ikwe, Hope
Publisher: name: Universita' degli Studi di Salerno
Year: 2020
Subjects: COVID-19
Socio-economic life
Nigerians

description: Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered corona virus that can be transmitted through droplets from cough and sneeze. People who are infected can experience mild to moderate symptoms and can recover without requiring special treatment. However, aged patients and those with respiratory disease can develop serious illness. Maintainence of high standard of hygiene through frequent washing of hand, use of hand sanitizer and social distancing has been recommended as ways of slowing down the transmission of this disease that has been declared a global health emergency.This study examines how the coronavirus pandemic which is sweeping around the globe affects the socio-economic life of Nigerians. The study reveals that the effect of the pandemic on the socio- economic life of Nigerians is enormous due to the peculiarity of the Nigerian system and economy which depends on close social contact that hinges on the theory of communitarianism,a theory that supports the fact that a person’s personality or identity is molded by the society. Hence, a total lock down in Nigeria is not sustainable over a long period of time.
Mutual information and correlations across topological phase transitions in topologically ordered graphene zigzag nanoribbons
Creators: name: Lee, In-Hwan
name: Le, Hoang-Anh
name: Yang, S. -R. Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Graphene zigzag nanoribbons, initially in a topologically ordered state, undergo a topological phase transition into crossover phases distinguished by quasi-topological order. We computed mutual information for both the topologically ordered phase and its crossover phases, revealing the following results: (i) In the topologically ordered phase, A-chirality carbon lines strongly entangle with B-chirality carbon lines on the opposite side of the zigzag ribbon. This entanglement persists but weakens in crossover phases. (ii) The upper zigzag edge entangles with non-edge lines of different chirality on the opposite side of the ribbon. (iii) Entanglement increases as more carbon lines are grouped together, regardless of the lines' chirality. No long-range entanglement was found in the symmetry-protected phase in the absence of disorder.
description: A featured paper published in a special issue titled 'Entanglement Entropy and Quantum Phase Transitions' within the journal 'Entropy'. (This is the published version.)
Qualitative Analysis for Validating IEC 62443-4-2 Requirements in DevSecOps
Creators: name: Göttel, Christian
name: Kabir-Querrec, Maëlle
name: Kozhaya, David
name: Sivanthi, Thanikesavan
name: Vuković, Ognjen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Validation of conformance to cybersecurity standards for industrial automation and control systems is an expensive and time consuming process which can delay the time to market. It is therefore crucial to introduce conformance validation stages into the continuous integration/continuous delivery pipeline of products. However, designing such conformance validation in an automated fashion is a highly non-trivial task that requires expert knowledge and depends upon the available security tools, ease of integration into the DevOps pipeline, as well as support for IT and OT interfaces and protocols. This paper addresses the aforementioned problem focusing on the automated validation of ISA/IEC 62443-4-2 standard component requirements. We present an extensive qualitative analysis of the standard requirements and the current tooling landscape to perform validation. Our analysis demonstrates the coverage established by the currently available tools and sheds light on current gaps to achieve full automation and coverage. Furthermore, we showcase for every component requirement where in the CI/CD pipeline stage it is recommended to test it and the tools to do so.
Archivio storico per le province napoletane. N.S. A.15, Vol. 54. dell’intera collezione, n.1-4 (15 marzo 1930)
Creators: name: Cortese, Nicola
name: Scandone, Adele
name: Pontieri, Ernesto
name: Doria, Gino
name: Schipa, Michelangelo
Publisher: name: Napoli : R. Deputazione napoletana di storia patria, 1929 [i.e.1930]
Year: 2020

description: N.S. A.15, Vol. 54. dell’intera collezione, n.1-4 (15 mar 1930): N. Cortese, Feudi e feudatari napoletani della prima metà del cinquecento (continua), P. 5-150 ; A. Scandone, Le tristi Reyne di Napoli Giovanna III e Giovanna IV d'Aragona (fine), P. 151-205 ; E. Pontieri, Lettere del Marchese Caracciolo vicerè di Sicilia al Ministro Acton (1782-1786) (continua), P. 206-311 ; G. Doria, La vita e il carteggio di Girolamo Ulloa, P. 312-392 ; M. Schipa, Circa la Commissione dell'Istruzione pubblica dell'agosto 1860, P. 393-395 ; Atti della Società (1922-1929), P. 396-398.
Gravitational wave signatures of phase transition from hadronic to quark matter in isolated neutron stars and binaries
Creators: name: Mallick, Ritam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fundamental constituent of matter at high temperature and density has intrigued physicists for quite some time. Recent results from heavy-ion colliders have enriched the Quantum Chromodynamics phase diagram at high temperatures and low baryon density. However, the phase at low temperatures and finite (mostly intermediate) baryon density remain unexplored. Theoretical Quantum Chromodynamics calculation predicts phase transition from hadronic matter to quark matter at such densities. Presently, the best laboratories available to probe such densities lie at the core of neutron stars. Recent results of how such phase transition signatures can be probed using gravitational waves both in isolated neutron stars and neutron star in binaries. The isolated neutron star would probe the very low-temperature regime, whereas neutron stars in binaries would probe finite baryon density in the intermediate temperature regime. We would also discuss whether the gravitational wave signature of such phase transition is unique and the detector specification needed to detect such signals.
description: 6 pages, 0 figure, contribution in ConfXIV conference
Topical Workshop – FlexSNG: Turning low cost bio-feedstocks into valuable products
Creators: name: Tuomi, Sanna
name: Seidelt, Stephan
name: Rönnqvist, Erik
name: Ligthart, Frank
name: Ruggeri, Fabio
name: Hiltunen, Ilkka
name: Georgiadou, Maria
name: Alberici, Sacha
name: Möller, Kurt
name: Chiaramonti, David
name: Stuart, Paul
name: Atsonios, Kostis
name: Antonopoulou, Christina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: FlexSNG First Topical Workshop: Turning low cost bio-feedstocks into valuable products On the 3rd November 2022 FlexSNG H2020 Project held it’s first topical workshop at EIFER, Karlsruhe, Germany. This hybrid event was joined by nearly 200 guests, in person and online from all around Europe and the world, proving to be a great success globally. During this one day event we heard from leading experts about gasification, biochar and its market potential, as well as supply chain optimization, EU green energy policies, and how industrial scale gasification is progressing. The event was rounded off with an introduction to industrial symbiosis and its critical role in the economic viability of biofuel processes, a summary of the projects case studies, and a group discussion about the “winning conditions” for the FlexSNG Process. The event followed the running order list as presented below, and to download the presentation slides please click on the relevant title: Introduction to the FlexSNG process, including gasification – Sanna Tuomi, VTT Biochar as an output of FlexSNG process – Stephan Seidelt, EIFER Creative Optimization – Feedstock supply chain optimization – Erik Rönnqvist, Creative Sumitomo SHI-FW – industrial gasification and link to FlexSNG: Sumitomo Foster Wheeler’s fluidised-bed gasification technology for converting biomass residues and wastes into syngas – Frank Ligthart, Sumitomo Wood.: the proven technology and link to FlexSNG: VESTA methanation technology for pipeline-quality SNG production – Fabio Ruggeri, Wood Session overview and introduction – Ilkka Hiltunen, VTT The EU policies for renewable fuels – Maria Georgiadou, EC DG RTD Gasification from biomass: market potential and national strategies – Sacha Alberici, Guidehouse Effects of biochar on crops under different climatic conditions – Kurt Möller, LTZ Biochar: a world of possible applications – David Chiaramonti, POLITO BioSNG: product specifications and market value intro to case studies – Stephan Seidelt, EIFER Industrial symbiosis and its critical role in the economic viability of biofuel processes, with an introduction to Greenfield Global and their business strategy to the world of biofuels – Paul Stuart, Polytech Montréal A tale of 4 case studies being considered in the FlexSNG H2020 Project – Kostis Atsonios & Christina Antonopoulou, CERTH Discussion of “winning conditions” for the FlexSNG Process – Chair: Paul Stuart, Polytech Montréal Workshop round up with closing remarks – Ilkka Hiltunen, VTT To rewatch the whole event follow this link: https://youtu.be/luwB1v8YF4s
Supervised machine learning on Galactic filaments Revealing the filamentary structure of the Galactic interstellar medium
Creators: name: Zavagno, A.
name: Dupé, F. -X.
name: Bensaid, S.
name: Schisano, E.
name: Causi, G. Li
name: Gray, M.
name: Molinari, S.
name: Elia, D.
name: Lambert, J. -C.
name: Brescia, M.
name: Arzoumanian, D.
name: Russeil, D.
name: Riccio, G.
name: Cavuoti, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. Filaments are ubiquitous in the Galaxy, and they host star formation. Detecting them in a reliable way is therefore key towards our understanding of the star formation process. Aims. We explore whether supervised machine learning can identify filamentary structures on the whole Galactic plane. Methods. We used two versions of UNet-based networks for image segmentation.We used H2 column density images of the Galactic plane obtained with Herschel Hi-GAL data as input data. We trained the UNet-based networks with skeletons (spine plus branches) of filaments that were extracted from these images, together with background and missing data masks that we produced. We tested eight training scenarios to determine the best scenario for our astrophysical purpose of classifying pixels as filaments. Results. The training of the UNets allows us to create a new image of the Galactic plane by segmentation in which pixels belonging to filamentary structures are identified. With this new method, we classify more pixels (more by a factor of 2 to 7, depending on the classification threshold used) as belonging to filaments than the spine plus branches structures we used as input. New structures are revealed, which are mainly low-contrast filaments that were not detected before.We use standard metrics to evaluate the performances of the different training scenarios. This allows us to demonstrate the robustness of the method and to determine an optimal threshold value that maximizes the recovery of the input labelled pixel classification. Conclusions. This proof-of-concept study shows that supervised machine learning can reveal filamentary structures that are present throughout the Galactic plane. The detection of these structures, including low-density and low-contrast structures that have never been seen before, offers important perspectives for the study of these filaments.
description: 27 pages, 22 figures, accepted by Astronomy & Astrophysics
Astrophysical Constraints from the SARAS3 non-detection of the Cosmic Dawn Sky-Averaged 21-cm Signal
Creators: name: Bevins, H. T. J.
name: Fialkov, A.
name: Acedo, E. de Lera
name: Handley, W. J.
name: Singh, S.
name: Subrahmanyan, R.
name: Barkana, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations of the redshifted 21-cm line of atomic hydrogen have resulted in several upper limits on the 21-cm power spectrum and a tentative detection of the sky-averaged signal at $z\sim17$. Made with the EDGES Low-Band antenna, this claim was recently disputed by the SARAS3 experiment, which reported a non-detection and is the only available upper limit strong enough to constrain cosmic dawn astrophysics. We use these data to constrain a population of radio-luminous galaxies $\sim 200$ million years after the Big Bang ($z\approx 20$). We find, using Bayesian data analysis, that the data disfavours (at 68% confidence) radio-luminous galaxies in dark matter halos with masses of $4.4\times10^{5}$ M$_\odot \lesssim M \lesssim 1.1\times10^{7}$M$_\odot$ (where $M_\odot$ is the mass of the Sun) at $z = 20$ and galaxies in which $>5$% of the gas is converted into stars. The data disfavour galaxies with radio luminosity per star formation rate of $L_\mathrm{r}/\mathrm{SFR} \gtrsim 1.549 \times 10^{25}$ W Hz$^{-1}$M$_\odot^{-1}$ yr at 150 MHz, a thousand times brighter than today, and, separately, a synchrotron radio background in excess of the CMB by $\gtrsim 6%$ at 1.42 GHz.
description: Published in Nature Astronomy
[Rezension von: Böttigheimer, Christoph, 1960-, Glauben verstehen]
Creators: name: Böttigheimer, Christoph
name: Marschler, Thomas
Publisher: name: Forum Katholische Theologie
Year: 1970

description: Forum Katholische Theologie, Bd. 29 Nr. 2 (2013): Forum Katholische Theologie, Band 29, Heft 2