cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Fibonacci anyons versus Majorana fermions
Creators: name: Johansen, Emil Génetay
name: Simula, Tapio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied ${\rm SU}(2)_k$ anyon models, assessing their prospects for topological quantum computation. In particular, we have compared the Ising ($k=2$) anyon and Fibonacci ($k=3$) anyon models, motivated by their potential for future realizations based on Majorana fermion quasiparticles or exotic fractional quantum-Hall states, respectively. The quantum computational performance of the different anyon models is quantified at single qubit level by the difference between a target unitary operator and its approximation realised by anyon braiding. To facilitate efficient comparisons, we have developed a Monte Carlo enhanced Solovay-Kitaev quantum compiler algorithm that finds optimal braid words in polynomial time from the exponentially large search tree. Since universal quantum computation cannot be achieved within the Ising anyon model by braiding alone, we have introduced an additional elementary phase gate to model a non-topological measurement process, which restores universality of the anyon model at the cost of breaking the full topological protection. We model conventional kinds of decoherence processes algorithmically by introducing a controllable noise term to all non-topological gate operations. We find that for reasonable levels of decoherence, even the hybrid Ising anyon model retains a significant topological advantage over a conventional, non-topological, quantum computer. Furthermore, we find that only surprisingly short anyon braids are ever required to be compiled due to the gate noise exceeding the intrinsic error of the braid words already for word lengths of the order of $100$ elementary braids. We conclude that the future for hybrid topological quantum computation remains promising.
description: 20 pages, 19 figures
IMPACTOS DO PRONAF NA INSTITUCIONALIZAÇÃO DE PADRÕES: ANÁLISE DO PROCESSO DE ADOÇÃO TÉCNICA NA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR DA REGIÃO DE MARINGÁ-PR
Creators: name: Teixeira, Maisa Gomide
name: Crubellate, Joao Marcelo
name: Teixeira, Maisa Gomide
name: Crubellate, Joao Marcelo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Institucionalização
subject: difusão tecnológica
subject: esquemas interpretativos
subject: PRONAF

description: Aborda-se, neste artigo, o processo de difusão de padrões técnicos visando entender de que modo o PRONAF-Crédito (Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar) impactou na institucionalização de novos padrões tecnológicos em propriedades rurais familiares do Polo Regional de Maringá-PR, no período de 1997 a 2006. Trata-se de verificar o pressuposto institucionalista que se proclama em favor da coerção para obter institucionalização. Baseando-se em um delineamento de pesquisa transversal com perspectiva longitudinal de análise, os participantes da pesquisa foram separados em dois grupos principais representando períodos e tipos de relação diferentes com o programa. Recorreu-se a entrevistas semiestruturadas como instrumento de coleta de dados, dados que foram tratados por meio de análise qualitativa de conteúdo, utilizando principalmente, categorias de frequência e de intensidade. Tais procedimentos permitiram comparar os esquemas interpretativos dos produtores. Os resultados mostraram proximidade entre os grupos, indicando que houve internalização ao invés da adoção apenas formal de padrões. Os resultados também sugerem que aspectos relacionais e culturais do contexto de referência devem ser considerados quando do intento de se produzirem resultados duráveis através de difusão coercitiva.
COMPREENDENDO O PROJETO REDES DE REFERÊNCIA PARA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR A PARTIR DAS REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS DOS ATORES ENVOLVIDOS
Creators: name: Araujo, Evandro Jose Da Cruz
name: Ichikawa, Elisa Yoshie
name: Araujo, Evandro Jose Da Cruz
name: Ichikawa, Elisa Yoshie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Teoria das Representações Sociais
subject: agricultura familiar
subject: Projeto Redes de Referência para a Agricultura Familiar.

description: Na década de noventa foi lançado pelo Governo do Paraná o Projeto “Redes de Referência para a Agricultura Familiar”, no sentido de obter avanços metodológicos e tecnológicos no campo. Esse Projeto foi desenvolvido a partir do envolvimento de três atores: pesquisadores do IAPAR (Instituto Agronômico do Paraná), extensionistas rurais da EMATER (Instituto Paranaense de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural) e produtores rurais da agricultura familiar. Objetivou-se, no presente trabalho, desvendar as representações sociais que cada grupo social tem do Projeto e, consequentemente, da sua ação desenvolvida em rede. Para tal empreendimento, serviuse da Teoria das Representações Sociais. Trata-se de uma pesquisa caracterizada como qualitativa e descritiva. A análise revelou a existência de representações diversas que, por conseguinte, mostra que os atores entrevistados têm maneiras diferentes de entender o Projeto. Foi possível concluir que a organização em rede no Projeto estudado, considerando a participação dos três atores, existe de maneira pontual e está relacionada a aspectos pessoais e subjetivos dos atores, que extrapolam a estrutura organizacional configurada em rede.
ESTRUTURAÇÃO ORGANIZACIONAL E REALIDADE SOCIOECONÔMICA: O CASO DA INDÚSTRIA CRIATIVA MINERO-ARTESANAL EM TRÊS MUNICÍPIOS DE MINAS GERAIS
Creators: name: Silva, Gustavo Melo
name: Neves, Jorge Alexandre Barbosa
name: Silva, Gustavo Melo
name: Neves, Jorge Alexandre Barbosa
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Indústrias criativas
subject: redes sociais
subject: desenvolvimento local.

description: A cultura aparece atualmente em uma nova fronteira, que é denominada de indústrias criativas e essas, por sua vez, demandam estudos que apresentem novas perspectivas de análise como, por exemplo, esse que descreve a estrutura organizacional e a realidade socioeconômica da indústria criativa artesanal de esteatita, que popularmente é conhecida como pedra-sabão, de três municípios de Minas Gerais. Os dados apresentados e analisados referem-se à atividade econômica da produção artesanal em um aglomerado produtivo local nos municípios de Catas Altas da Noruega, Mariana e Ouro Preto, do estado de Minas Gerais. Os resultados indicam a estrutura dos negócios que, por meio da especialização do trabalho, propiciou a formação de uma rede organizacional e a realidade socioeconômica a partir de parâmetros como, por exemplo, educação, tempo de atuação, processo de aprendizagem, renda, família e configuração legal. Essa rede foi formada com a influência do capital social em seu processo de especialização por funções o que ocorreu nas indústrias criativas, nos produtos e nos processos nesses municípios.
CONFLITO DE AGÊNCIA EM ORGANIZAÇÕES COOPERATIVAS: UM ENSAIO TEÓRICO
Creators: name: Silva, Sabrina Soares Da
name: Sousa, Ana Rosa De
name: Leite, Eduardo Teixeira
name: Silva, Sabrina Soares Da
name: Sousa, Ana Rosa De
name: Leite, Eduardo Teixeira
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Conflito de agência
subject: cooperativas
subject: governança corporativa
subject: Conselho Administrativo.

description: governança corporativa é um dos assuntos mais debatidos nos últimos anos, especialmente pela sua importância na redução do conflito de agência. Embora o foco de grande parte desses estudos sejam as grandes corporações, esse fenômeno também pode ser observado em organizações cooperativas, que possuem um modelo de gestão estabelecido em fundamentos ideológicos e doutrinários e uma legislação específica. Neste ensaio teórico, objetivou-se discutir os potenciais conflitos de agência provocados pela estrutura organizacional das cooperativas, assim como os principais pontos críticos desses arranjos organizacionais que favorecem a emergência de conflitos. Também foi discutida a importância das boas práticas de governança corporativa para prevenir esses tipos de conflitos. Considerando os principais atores internos de uma organização cooperativa, os principais focos capazes de gerar conflitos de agência ocorrem entre os cooperados e o conselho administrativo e, menos intensamente, entre os cooperados e o conselho fiscal, e entre os cooperados e os gerentes. A adoção de boas práticas de governança corporativa pelas organizações cooperativas pode ajudar a reduzir ou a prevenir esses conflitos, principalmente entre o conselho administrativo e os cooperados.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE MERCADO E ESTRUTURA DE GOVERNANÇA NA CADEIA PRODUTIVA DO LEITE NA REGIÃO NOROESTE DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Creators: name: Breitenbach, Raquel
name: Souza, Renato Santos De
name: Breitenbach, Raquel
name: Souza, Renato Santos De
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Cadeia produtiva do leite
subject: governança
subject: estrutura de mercado de fatores.

description: A estrutura de mercado de fatores que predominou por muitos anos na cadeia produtiva do leite, nas diferentes regiões do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, foi a de monopsônio, em que, apesar de existirem várias empresas processadoras de leite, essas se localizavam de maneira que o agricultor não tinha mais do que uma opção de venda do seu produto. A partir de 2004, tem-se observado um significativo aumento no número de empresas processadoras de laticínio no Norte do estado do RS, concentrando-se em regiões que possuem fortes bacias leiteiras e gerando, consequentemente, aumento da concorrência para aquisição da matéria-prima leite in natura. Objetivou-se, nesta pesquisa,investigar as características das transações entre empresa processadora e agricultor, bem como a governança adotada na cadeia produtiva do leite (na localidade São Jorge, Ajuricaba-RS), a partir da mudança da estrutura de mercado de fatores de um monopsônio para um oligopsônio concorrencial. Para o alcance desses objetivos, especialmente no que se refere à seleção e análise do caso estudado, utilizou-se um referencial teórico construído a partir da teoria da Organização Industrial (OI) para a análise do mercado e sua estrutura; bem como da Nova Economia Institucional (NEI) e Economia dos Custos de Transação (ECT) para a análise das transações e governança da cadeia produtiva. Observou-se que a concorrência no local gerou modificações no comportamento dos agentes e aumento nos custos de transação, caracterizados pela maior frequência nas transações, aumento da incerteza e do oportunismo. Já a estrutura de governança adotada na estrutura de oligopsônio, comparada à adotada no ambiente de monopsônio, continuou híbrida, mas ficou mais próxima de uma governança via mercado.
ESTRUTURA E CONDUTA DA AGROINDÚSTRIA EXPORTADORA DE CARNE BOVINA NO BRASIL
Creators: name: Caleman, Silvia Morales De Queiroz
name: Cunha, Christiano Franca Da
name: Caleman, Silvia Morales De Queiroz
name: Cunha, Christiano Franca Da
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Carne bovina
subject: estrutura de mercado
subject: eficiência

description: O Sistema Agroindustrial de carne bovina brasileira demonstra crescente participação no mercado internacional com impacto na conduta estratégica das empresas frigoríficas. Objetiva-se, nesse artigo, analisar as características estruturais do setor, avaliar o seu padrão de crescimento e eficiência. Especificamente, busca-se: i) caracterizar o setor exportador de carne bovina brasileiro; ii) identificar a conduta estratégica da indústria e c) analisar a relação entre os preços médios das exportações de carne bovina e o preço da arroba de boi-gordo no mercado interno. A pesquisa é desenvolvida por meio de levantamento de dados secundários com uma abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa. Fundamenta-se em três aportes teóricos: i) paradigma “Estrutura-Conduta-Desempenho”; ii) Mercados Contestáveis e iii) Economia dos Custos de Transação. Conclui-se que a indústria apresenta eficiência econômica, a despeito do seu grau de concentração e das barreiras à entrada fortemente relacionadas à escala, sendo a eficiência atrelada à competitividade no preço da carne brasileira. A eficiência econômica não exime, no entanto, a possibilidade de exercício de poder de mercado pelas empresas líderes do setor. Finalmente, a pesquisa confirma uma alta correlação entre os preços praticados no mercado internacional e no mercado interno.
Remarks on the non-uniqueness in law of the Navier-Stokes equations up to the J.-L. Lions' exponent
Creators: name: Yamazaki, Kazuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35A02, 35Q30, 35R60

description: Lions (1959, Bull. Soc. Math. France, \textbf{87}, 245--273) introduced the Navier-Stokes equations with a viscous diffusion in the form of a fractional Laplacian; subsequently, he (1969, Dunod, Gauthiers-Villars, Paris) claimed the uniqueness of its solution when its exponent is not less than five quarters in case the spatial dimension is three. Following the work of Hofmanov$\acute{\mathrm{a}}$, Zhu and Zhu (2019, arXiv:1912.11841 [math.PR]), we prove the non-uniqueness in law for the three-dimensional stochastic Navier-Stokes equations with the viscous diffusion in the form of a fractional Laplacian with its exponent less than five quarters.
description: This is the version accepted by Stochastic Processes and their Applications
Graduate recitals
Creators: name: Croft, Darrell
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The thesis for the Master of Music degree in Opera consists of the performance of a major role in one full opera production or directing a production of a one-act opera or equivalent in the first or second year. My production of a condensed version (1 hour, 30 min.) of Kurt Weill's opera Street Scene was performed on April 4, 2005. As the Director of this production, I was responsible for the adaptation of the score, auditioning and casting performers, scheduling and organizing all rehearsals over a four month period, co-ordination with the Music Director, Richard Epp, and Stage Manager, Melissa Tsang on production matters, designing and acquisition of all costumes, set pieces, props, makeup, hair, lighting, publicity and programs. As the Stage Director, it was my responsibility to decide on the concept of this production, to guide the performers in their dramatic and technical development of the characters and to provide the overarching vision for this performance.
Impact of Demutualization of Chittagong Stock Exchange on Stability of CASPI, CSE30 and CSCX Index
Creators: name: Jahan, Nusrat
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 140207 Financial Economics
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Abstract
In light of recent development of Chittagong Stock Exchange (CSE) as demutualized exchange,
this research was undertaken to evaluate the immediate impact of demutualization on the CASPI, CSE30
and CSCX Index. This study employs line chart to show the relative trend and Pearson Correlation to
examine the correlation among the selected indices. Further, this study estimates growth rate, standard
deviation and coefficient of variation to evaluate and compare the relative volatility of the selected
indices between the period of pre-demutualization and post-demutualization. Null Hypotheses are
formulated and tested by One-way ANOVA and Independent Sample T-test, to compare the equivalency
of means of selected indices. This study reports during pre-demutualization and post-demutualization
period, the selected indices were highly positively correlated. This study also indicates that the
differences between mean index value of CASPI, CSE30 and CSCX during pre-demutualization and
post-demutualization period are statistically significant. Further, this study finds that mean value of the
selected three indices shows positive growth and less volatility after demutualization. Hence, these
academic findings are suggestive of renewed confidence among investors indicated through stability of
these indices after demutualization.
Collective traffic-like movement of ants on a trail: dynamical phases and phase transitions
Creators: name: Kunwar, A.
name: John, A.
name: Nishinari, K.
name: Schadschneider, A.
name: Chowdhury, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The traffic-like collective movement of ants on a trail can be described by a stochastic cellular automaton model. We have earlier investigated its unusual flow-density relation by using various mean field approximations and computer simulations. In this paper, we study the model following an alternative approach based on the analogy with the zero range process, which is one of the few known exactly solvable stochastic dynamical models. We show that our theory can quantitatively account for the unusual non-monotonic dependence of the average speed of the ants on their density for finite lattices with periodic boundary conditions. Moreover, we argue that the model exhibits a continuous phase transition at the critial density only in a limiting case. Furthermore, we investigate the phase diagram of the model by replacing the periodic boundary conditions by open boundary conditions.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
The noncommutativity of the static and homogeneous limit of the axial chemical potential in chiral magnetic effect
Creators: name: Feng, Bo
name: Hou, De-fu
name: Ren, Hai-cang
name: Yuan, Shuai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the noncommutativity of different orders of zero energy-momentum limit pertaining to the axial chemical potential in the chiral magnetic effect. While this noncommutativity issue originates from the pinching singularity at one-loop order, it cannot be removed by introducing a damping term to the fermion propagators. The physical reason is that modifying the propagator alone would violate the axial-vector Ward identity and as a result a modification of the longitudinal component of the axial-vector vertex is required, which contributes to CME. The pinching singularity with free fermion propagators was then taken over by the singularity stemming from the dressed axial-vector vertex. We show this mechanism by a concrete example. Moreover, we proved in general the vanishing CME in the limit order that the static limit was taken prior to the homogeneous limit in the light of Coleman-Hill theorem for a static external magnetic field. For the opposite limit that the homogeneous limit is taken first, we show that the nonvanishing CME was a consequence of the nonrenormalizability of chiral anomaly for an arbitrary external magnetic field.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures
Applications of shapelet transform to time series classification of earthquake, wind and wave data
Creators: name: Arul, Monica
name: Kareem, Ahsan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Autonomous detection of desired events from large databases using time series classification is becoming increasingly important in civil engineering as a result of continued long-term health monitoring of a large number of engineering structures encompassing buildings, bridges, towers, and offshore platforms. In this context, this paper proposes the application of a relatively new time series representation named "Shapelet transform", which is based on local similarity in the shape of the time series subsequences. In consideration of the individual attributes distinctive to time series signals in earthquake, wind and ocean engineering, the application of this transform yields a new shape-based feature representation. Combining this shape-based representation with a standard machine learning algorithm, a truly "white-box" machine learning model is proposed with understandable features and a transparent algorithm. This model automates event detection without the intervention of domain practitioners, yielding a practical event detection procedure. The efficacy of this proposed shapelet transform-based autonomous detection procedure is demonstrated by examples, to identify known and unknown earthquake events from continuously recorded ground-motion measurements, to detect pulses in the velocity time history of ground motions to distinguish between near-field and far-field ground motions, to identify thunderstorms from continuous wind speed measurements, to detect large-amplitude wind-induced vibrations from the bridge monitoring data, and to identify plunging breaking waves that have a significant impact on offshore structures.
description: 24 pages, 14 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1911.09086
Vulnerability of deep neural networks for detecting COVID-19 cases from chest X-ray images to universal adversarial attacks
Creators: name: Hirano, Hokuto
name: Koga, Kazuki
name: Takemoto, Kazuhiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Under the epidemic of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), chest X-ray computed tomography imaging is being used for effectively screening COVID-19 patients. The development of computer-aided systems based on deep neural networks (DNNs) has been advanced, to rapidly and accurately detect COVID-19 cases, because the need for expert radiologists, who are limited in number, forms a bottleneck for the screening. However, so far, the vulnerability of DNN-based systems has been poorly evaluated, although DNNs are vulnerable to a single perturbation, called universal adversarial perturbation (UAP), which can induce DNN failure in most classification tasks. Thus, we focus on representative DNN models for detecting COVID-19 cases from chest X-ray images and evaluate their vulnerability to UAPs generated using simple iterative algorithms. We consider nontargeted UAPs, which cause a task failure resulting in an input being assigned an incorrect label, and targeted UAPs, which cause the DNN to classify an input into a specific class. The results demonstrate that the models are vulnerable to nontargeted and targeted UAPs, even in case of small UAPs. In particular, 2% norm of the UPAs to the average norm of an image in the image dataset achieves >85% and >90% success rates for the nontargeted and targeted attacks, respectively. Due to the nontargeted UAPs, the DNN models judge most chest X-ray images as COVID-19 cases. The targeted UAPs make the DNN models classify most chest X-ray images into a given target class. The results indicate that careful consideration is required in practical applications of DNNs to COVID-19 diagnosis; in particular, they emphasize the need for strategies to address security concerns. As an example, we show that iterative fine-tuning of the DNN models using UAPs improves the robustness of the DNN models against UAPs.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables
Dynamical behavior across the Mott transition of two bands with different bandwidths
Creators: name: Ferrero, Michel
name: Becca, Federico
name: Fabrizio, Michele
name: Capone, Massimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the role of the bandwidth difference in the Mott metal-insulator transition of a two-band Hubbard model in the limit of infinite dimensions, by means of a Gutzwiller variational wave function as well as by dynamical mean-field theory. The variational calculation predicts a two-stage quenching of the charge degrees of freedom, in which the narrower band undergoes a Mott transition before the wider one, both in the presence and in the absence of a Hund's exchange coupling. However, this scenario is not fully confirmed by the dynamical mean-field theory calculation, which shows that, although the quasiparticle residue of the narrower band is zero within our numerical accuracy, low-energy spectral weight still exists inside the Mott-Hubbard gap, concentrated into two peaks symmetric around the chemical potential. This spectral weight vanishes only when the wider band ceases to conduct too. Although our results are compatible with several scenarios, e.g., a narrow gap semiconductor or a semimetal, we argue that the most plausible one is that the two peaks coexist with a narrow resonance tied at the chemical potential, with a spectral weight below our numerical accuracy. This quasiparticle resonance is expected to vanish when the wider band undergoes the Mott transition.
description: 11 pages, 12 figures
Supplementary text, figures, methods and references from Tip dating supports novel resolutions of controversial relationships among early mammals
Creators: name: King, Benedict
name: Beck, Robin M. D.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 40308 Palaeontology (incl. Palynology)
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: This file contains supplementary text, supplementary figures 1–13, additional details of Bayesian analyses, sources for taxon ages and supplementary references
БАЛАНС ЖИДКОСТИ И ЕГО ВЛИЯНИЕ НА ФУНКЦИЮ НЕРВНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ: НЕЙРОЭНДОКРИННЫЕ И МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ
Creators: name: Ҳазратов, Еъзоз
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Регуляция водно-солевого баланса имеет решающее значение для нормального функционирования нервной системы. Этот процесс включает сложные нейроэндокринные механизмы, которые играют ключевую роль в поддержании гомеостаза организма. Неврологические расстройства, связанные с нарушением водно-солевого баланса, такие как гипонатриемия и церебральный отек, могут привести к значительным когнитивным и функциональным нарушениям, что делает исследование этой темы особенно актуальным (Antunes-Rodrigues et al., 2004; McCann et al., 1997).
A Mixed Effects Model of Crop Yields for Purposes of Premium Determination
Creators: name: Roberts, Michael J.
name: Tack, Jesse B.
name: Roberts, Michael J.
name: Tack, Jesse B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Yield
subject: Crop Insurance
subject: Policy
subject: Mixed Model

description: Farm income is highly variable due to annual price and yield uncertainties. The federally subsidized crop insurance program is an important tool for managing this risk, and has grown from a relatively modest program to one that encompasses the majority of productive cropland in the country. The success of this program depends on identification of actuarially fair insurance premium rates, which in turn depends on accurate estimation of farm-level yield distributions. We use the confidential U.S. Department of Agriculture Risk Management Agency (RMA) panel dataset to estimate farm-specific distributions of yields and actually fair crop insurance premiums. Our ongoing work includes using the difference between our estimated actually fair premiums and RMA's to predict which insurance contracts farmers select. Ultimately, we will predict potential efficiency gains from using our empirical model for premium determination.
Experimental Estimate of Beam Loading and Minimum rf Voltage for Acceleration of High Intensity Beam in the Fermilab Booster
Creators: name: Yang, Xi
name: Ankenbrandt, C.
name: Norem, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The difference between the rf voltage seen by the beam and the accelerating voltage required to match the rate of change of the Booster magnetic field is used to estimate the energy loss per beam turn. Because the rf voltage (RFSUM) and the synchronous phase can be experimentally measured, they can be used to calculate the effective accelerating voltage. Also an RFSUM reduction technique has been applied to measure experimentally the RFSUM limit at which the beam loss starts. With information on beam energy loss, the running conditions, especially for the high intensity beam, can be optimized in order to achieve a higher intensity beam from the Fermilab Booster.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Productivity Change and Agricultural Policy Reform in China: Village Level Evidence for 1995 to 2009
Creators: name: Zheng, Li
name: Kening, Wu
name: Zheng, Li
name: Kening, Wu
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Chinese agricultural policy
subject: Agricultural productivity
subject: Stochastic frontier analysis
subject: Multivariate regression model

description: Adopting Stochastic Frontier Analysis and the multivariate regression model and employing 1995-2009 village-level data, the paper evaluates and interprets the effect of China’s agricultural policy reform on agricultural productivity change in the past fifteen years. The results show that China’s agricultural productivity has made significant growth in the past fifteen years under the influence of China’s agricultural policy reform. Furthermore, the effects of different agricultural policies on technical change and technical efficiency have significant differences with obvious periodic and regional features. The economic development pattern combining liberty with regulation has also led to frequent changes in China’s agricultural policies, which results in great fluctuation among different years. Meanwhile compared with technical change, technical efficiency has a smaller contribution to the improvement of China’s agricultural productivity, and effective agricultural subsidy policy is undoubtedly helpful to overcome this problem.
Cosmology with photometric redshift surveys
Creators: name: Blake, Chris
name: Bridle, Sarah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the utility of future photometric redshift imaging surveys for delineating the large-scale structure of the Universe, and assess the resulting constraints on the cosmological model. We perform two complementary types of analysis: (1) We quantify the statistical confidence and the accuracy with which such surveys will be able to detect and measure characteristic features in the clustering power spectrum such as the acoustic oscillations and the turnover, in a 'model-independent' fashion. We show for example that a 10,000 deg^2 imaging survey with depth r = 22.5 and photometric redshift accuracy dz/(1+z) = 0.03 will detect the acoustic oscillations with 99.9% confidence, measuring the associated preferred cosmological scale with 2% precision. Such a survey will also detect the turnover with 95% confidence, determining the corresponding scale with 20% accuracy. (2) By assuming a Lambda-CDM model power spectrum we calculate the confidence with which a non-zero baryon fraction can be deduced from such future galaxy surveys. We quantify 'wiggle detection' by calculating the number of standard deviations by which the baryon fraction is measured, after marginalizing over the shape parameter. This is typically a factor of four more significant (in terms of number of standard deviations) than the 'model-independent' result. We conclude that the precision with which the clustering pattern may be inferred from future photometric redshift surveys will be competitive with contemporaneous spectroscopic redshift surveys, assuming that systematic effects can be controlled. We also note that an analysis of Luminous Red Galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey may yield a marginal detection of acoustic oscillations in the imaging survey, in addition to that recently reported for the spectroscopic component.
description: 23 pages, 22 figures, version accepted by MNRAS
Avalanches in complex spin networks
Creators: name: Malarz, K.
name: Antosiewicz, W.
name: Karpinska, J.
name: Kulakowski, K.
name: Tadic, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the magnetization reversal processes on classes of complex spin networks with antiferromagnetic interaction along the network links. With slow field ramping the hysteresis loop and avalanches of spin flips occur due to topological inhomogeneity of the network, even without any disorder of the magnetic interaction [B. Tadic, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 (2005) 137204]. Here we study in detail properties of the magnetization avalanches, hysteresis curves and density of domain walls and show how they can be related to the structural inhomogeneity of the network. The probability distribution of the avalanche size, N_s(s), displays the power-law behaviour for small s, i.e. N_s(s)\propto s^{-α}. For the scale-free networks, grown with preferential attachment, αincreases with the connectivity parameter M from 1.38 for M=1 (trees) to 1.52 for M=25. For the exponential networks, αis close to 1.0 in the whole range of M.
description: 16 pages, 10 figures in 29 eps files
Supplementary material from The evolution of high-fidelity social learning
Creators: name: Montrey, Marcel
name: Shultz, Thomas R.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 170299 Cognitive Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Section 1 describes the test we use for whether a given type of social learning supports CCE. Section 2 shows that a stable dimorphic equlibrium exists whenever low-fidelity social learners invade the population.
Statistical results from Tolerant and intolerant macaques show different levels of structural complexity in their vocal communication
Creators: name: Rebout, Nancy
name: Marco, Arianna De
name: Jean-Christophe Lone
name: Sanna, Andrea
name: Cozzolino, Roberto
name: Micheletta, Jérôme
name: Sterck, Elisabeth H. M.
name: Langermans, Jan A. M.
name: Lemasson, Alban
name: Thierry, Bernard
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Tables of data and results
Sleeping on the margins : the role of social capital in the housing patterns of refugee claimants in the Greater Vancouver Regional District
Creators: name: D’Addario, Silvia
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Immigrants, especially those who are visible minorities, are at a socio-economic disadvantage upon arrival relative to their Canadian-born counterparts. Refugee claimants face additional barriers upon arrival owing to their specific mode of entry. These compounded obstacles hamper the search for safe and affordable housing for claimants, and places them at a high risk of relative homelessness. This thesis examines the housing patterns of refugee claimants in the Greater Vancouver Regional District (GVRD) by analyzing the residential trajectories of thirty-six refugee claimants. I, furthermore, analyze the recent literature that focuses on the settlement patterns of claimants in Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver in order to facilitate a wider discussion on the settlement needs of this particular group. In so doing, I explore various themes, such as affordability, adequacy and safety, which are consistent issues for claimants across Canada. This thesis argues that for many claimants, hidden homelessness is an inevitable part of their settlement. This study moves forward to question why, given their socioeconomic disadvantage over the average Canadian-born and other immigrants, are claimants not finding themselves in absolute homelessness -living on the streets or in shelter system? In order to assess this, I examine theories of social capital and networks as potential resources used by recent claimants in order to offset barriers related to their immigration status and escape the worst forms of homelessness.
Journal of a voyage to the Pacific and American shores
Creators: name: Weynton, Susannah
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Manuscript (handwritten) journal of Susannah (Hack) Weynton during her voyage on board the Hudson's Bay Company supply ship Cowlitz (captained by her husband Alexander John Weynton), travelling from London to the Pacific Northwest via Cape Horn and Hawaii, and back to London again. The account dates from August 4, 1849 to March 22, 1851. It contains observations on weather encountered, places visited, and people met, including members of British Columbia's First Nations communities and Governor James Douglas and his family, and contains headings (written vertically) in the margins to guide the reader to specific sections of the account. The account ends before the ship reaches port in England (April 26, 1851) as the writer gives birth on board the ship. The account is followed by the partial journal of Susannah's sister Clarissa Hack, during a voyage on board the ship Mary Ann, travelling from London to Sydney, Australia, in the company of Susannah, Captain Weynton and their child. Clarissa's journal pages date from March 8, 1852 to June 21, 1852, whereas the ship arrived in Sydney on July 9, 1852. Also included in the volume is a handwritten prayer, unsigned but presumably transcribed by one of the two sisters.
Cognitive Skills, Non-Cognitive Skills, and the Employment and Wages of Young Adults in Rural China
Creators: name: Glewwe, Paul
name: Huang, Qiuqiong
name: Park, Albert
name: Glewwe, Paul
name: Huang, Qiuqiong
name: Park, Albert
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: cognitive skills
subject: noncognitive skills
subject: years of schooling
subject: wage
subject: Gansu
subject: China

description: The objective of this paper is to examine whether noncognitive skills explain differences in employment status and hourly wages even after controlling for age, experience, schooling and cognitive skills. Of particular interest is to examine the relative magnitudes of the impacts of the cognitive and noncognitive skills on these labor market outcomes. Data used in this paper come from the Gansu Survey of Children and Families (GSCF), which followed a random sample of 2,000 children in rural areas of Gansu Province who were 9-12 years old in the year 2000. Three waves of surveys were completed in 2000, 2004, and 2007-2009. The GSCF is the first large-scale data collection on child and adolescent cognitive and noncognitive skills in rural China.
Concerning the Landau Pole in 3-3-1 Models
Creators: name: Dias, Alex G.
name: Martinez, R.
name: Pleitez, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some 3-3-1 models predict the existence of a non-perturbative regime at the TeV scale. We study in these models, and their supersymmetric extensions, the energy at which the non-perturbative limit and a Landau-like pole arise. An order of magnitude for the mass of the extra neutral vector boson, $Z^\prime$, present in these models is also obtained.
description: 17 pages, 1 figure, extended version
Additional file 1 of Knowledge, awareness, and perception of dental students, interns, and freshly graduated dentists regarding dental implant complications in Saudi Arabia: a web-based anonymous survey
Creators: name: Saad, Islam
name: Salem, Suzan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1. The questionnaire distributed among participants.
Anisotropy as a diagnostic test for distinct tensor network wavefunctions of integer and half-integer spin Kitaev quantum spin liquids
Creators: name: Lee, Hyun-Yong
name: Suzuki, Takafumi
name: Kim, Yong Baek
name: Kawashima, Naoki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Contrasting ground states of quantum magnets with the integer and half-integer spin moments are the manifestation of many-body quantum interference effects. In this work, we investigate the distinct nature of the integer and half-integer spin quantum spin liquids in the framework of the Kitaev's model on the honeycomb lattice. The models with arbitrary spin quantum numbers are not exactly solvable in contrast to the well-known quantum spin liquid solution of the spin-1/2 system. We use the tensor network wavefunctions for the integer and half-integer spin quantum spin liquid states to unveil the important difference between these states. We find that the distinct sign structures of the tensor network wavefunction for the integer and half-integer spin quantum spin liquids are responsible for completely different ground states in the spatially anisotropic limit. Hence the spatial anisotropy would be a useful diagnostic test for distinguishing these quantum spin liquid states, both in the numerical computations and experiments on real materials. We support this discovery via extensive numerics including the tensor network, DMRG, and exact diagonalization computations.
Inter-Temporal Investment in Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation
Creators: name: Wang, Weiwei
name: McCarl, Bruce A.
name: Wang, Weiwei
name: McCarl, Bruce A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Climate Change Damages
subject: Adaptation
subject: Mitigation
subject: Temporal Investment
subject: Integrated Assessment Model

description: Currently, different dimensions of mitigation strategies have been investigated in policy analysis. However, ambitious mitigation action aiming at reducing future climate change will not prevent much climate change before mid-century. Short-term and medium-term temperature as well as associated damages cannot be avoided completely. Increasingly there appears to be recognition of the need to simultaneously implement adaptation and mitigation. However, the optimal combination between adaptation and mitigation that can best address climate change over time is still an open question. Literature base is rather small, yet very diverse and inconsistent in conclusions. In this paper, we do an exploration of the temporal optimal investment mix between adaptation and mitigation and their relative contributions to climate change damage reduction. By proposing a conceptual framework that integrates both strategies and developing a more complete integrated assessment model, the temporal investment allocation between adaptation and mitigation is identified. Results suggest that adaptation is an effective climate change damages reduction strategy and a complement to mitigation. Adaptation investment tackles the short run reduction of damages in the first 250 years while mitigation dominates from thereon.
Density functionals with asymptotic-potential corrections are required for the simulation of spectroscopic properties of materials
Creators: name: Li, Musen
name: Kobayashi, Rika
name: Amos, Roger D.
name: Ford, Michael J.
name: Reimers, Jeffrey R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Five effects of correction of the asymptotic potential error in density functionals are identified that significantly improve calculated properties of molecular excited states involving charge-transfer character. Newly developed materials-science computational methods are used to demonstrate how these effects manifest in materials spectroscopy. Connection is made considering chlorophyll-a as a paradigm for molecular spectroscopy, 22 iconic materials as paradigms for 3D materials spectroscopy, and the VN- defect in hexagonal boron nitride as an example of the spectroscopy of defects in 2D materials pertaining to nanophotonics. Defects can equally be thought of as being "molecular" and "materials" in nature and hence bridge the realms of molecular and materials spectroscopies. It is concluded that the density functional HSE06, currently considered as the standard for accurate calculations of materials spectroscopy, should be replaced, in most instances, by the computationally similar but asymptotically corrected CAM-B3LYP functional, with some specific functionals for materials use only providing further improvements.
The Sun as a MHD generator: application of a new heating mechanism for the coronal loops and closed magnetic structures
Creators: name: Tsiklauri, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a possibility of heating of the loops and other closed magnetic structures in active regions of the solar corona by the flow of solar wind (plus other flows that may be present) across the magnetic field lines (that are perpendicular to the flow), in a similar manner as a conventional MHD generator works. A simple model is formulated which allows to calculate the typical currents generated by this mechanism. This enables to make a judgement whether the loops in solar active regions can be heated by the proposed mechanism through the associated Ohmic dissipation. It is shown that even if the heating region width is of the order of a few proton Larmor radii (this effectively means that a loop is represented by {\it nano-threads}, by analogy with the nano-flare coronal heating mechanism, with width of a few proton Larmor radii) and the plasma flow speed is 50 km s$^{-1}$ then only about 1% of the heating requirement of coronal loops could be met under this conjecture. Other implications of the model, such as a predicted spatial heat distribution along the loop as well as application of the model to the other places e.g. chromosphere and corotating interaction region structures in the solar wind are discussed.
description: final, accepted in Astron. Astrophys. version
Supplementary Material from Assessing crowd management strategies for the 2010 Love Parade Disaster using computer simulations and virtual reality
Creators: name: Hantao Zhao
name: Thrash, Tyler
name: Mubbasir Kapadia
name: Wolff, Katja
name: Hölscher, Christoph
name: Helbing, Dirk
name: Schinazi, Victor R.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: Computational Biology

description: Dense crowds in public spaces have often caused serious security issues at large events. In this paper, we study the 2010 Love Parade Disaster, for which a large amount of data (e.g. research papers, professional reports and video footage) exists. In a many-year effort, we reproduced the Love Parade Disaster in a 3D computer simulation calibrated with data from the actual event and using the Social Force Model for pedestrian behaviour. Moreover, we simulated several crowd management strategies and investigated their ability to prevent the disaster. We evaluate these strategies in virtual reality (VR) by measuring the response and arousal of participants while experiencing the simulated event from a festival attendee’s perspective. Overall, we find that opening an additional exit and removing the police cordons could have significantly reduced the amount of casualties. We also find that this strategy affects the physiological responses of the participants in VR.