cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On the dark matter's halo theoretical description
Creators: name: Chechin, L. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argued that the standard field scalar potential couldn't be widely used for getting the adequate galaxies' curve lines and determining the profiles of dark matter their halo. For discovering the global properties of scalar fields that can describe the observable characteristics of dark matter on the cosmological space and time scales, we propose the simplest form of central symmetric potential celestial - mechanical type, i.e. U(ϕ) = -μ/ϕ. It was shown that this potential allows get rather satisfactorily dark matter profiles and rotational curves lines for dwarf galaxies. The good agreement with some previous results, based on the N-body simulation method, was pointed out. A new possibility of dwarf galaxies' masses estimation was given, also.
description: 10p., 18 ref
title: Performing the girl swarm: an IRL investigation of performing postinternet female identity
Creators: name: MacPherson, J.R
Publisher: name: Bath Spa University
Year: 2021

description: The aim of this thesis is to explore an amorphous group of female-identifying internet users who are active on social media platforms such as Tumblr and Instagram known as the girl swarm. The girl swarm use hyperfeminine and abject performativity that is often antagonistic to patriarchal norms. The content and aesthetics they create are pursued by capital in the form of commodity feminism whilst simultaneously the swarm are often deemed narcissistic and are frequently censored. In this thesis I investigate the girl swarm in order to understand strategies of postinternet identity subversion. I examine how the internet went from a space that was heralded as having a post-identity utopic potential for freedom to the platforms of social media run by corporate giants that profit from people’s identities. I investigate selfie culture and how it is viewed in a late capitalist and patriarchal system and I explore why the swarm’s version of selfie culture is so popular with other young women online and frequently deleted as inappropriate, or abject on social media platforms. This thesis forms part of my practice-based research and stands alongside a performance that was made for a traditional theatre space and merges choreographic and live art practices. While there have been excellent performances and academic studies that focus on the pressures and anxieties that social media and selfie culture place on young girls this research seeks to address online performativity and identity constructs that subvert limiting and patriarchal notions of young women. I unpack methods I used to embody the digital aesthetics and online actions of the swarm within a traditional theatre space. By embodying the swarm through theatrical practice I was able to understand some societal prejudices towards young women and find strategies to question these prejudices in order to forward a feminist agenda. This research project exposes the need and desire that young women are able to take up space in order to subvert limiting notions of what young women should look and act like in the twenty-first century.
Fifty States of Achieving the Dream: State Policies to Enhance Access to and Success in Community Colleges Across the United States
Creators: name: Dougherty, Kevin J.
name: Kerrigan, Monica Reid
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Education and state
School management and organization
Community college students--Education
Community colleges

description: In each state where participating colleges are located, the Achieving the Dream initiative is working with a lead organization--typically the state community college system office or state association of community colleges--to develop policies that will enhance student success. To help guide that policy effort, an audit of state policies affecting access to, and success in, community colleges was conducted. As a first step, in-depth analyses were conducted of the initial seven Achieving the Dream states. The second step was to survey all 50 states on selected state policies. This report conveys the results of that survey, describing what policies the 50 states have in place with respect to key community college practices in three main areas: access, success, and performance accountability.
MOESM5 of Pan-genome analyses of 24 Shewanella strains re-emphasize the diversification of their functions yet evolutionary dynamics of metal-reducing pathway
Creators: name: Zhong, Chaofang
name: Han, Maozhen
name: Yu, Shaojun
name: Yang, Pengshuo
name: Li, Hongjun
name: Ning, Kang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 5: Figure S3. Phylogenetic tree of mtrâ omc gene clusters in 24 Shewanella genomes. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using a multiple sequence alignment of the full mtrâ omc clusters and cymA genes of all 24 Shewanella.
The Role of Attentional Biases for Conspecific Vocalizations
Creators: name: Ference, Jennifer Diana
Publisher: name: Arts
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: speech perception
subject: attention
subject: infant development
subject: Autism
subject: conspecifics
subject: Linguistics
subject: FOS: Languages and literature
subject: Psychology--Clinical
subject: Psychology--Cognitive
subject: Psychology--Developmental
subject: Psychology--Experimental

description: A bias for speech over non-speech emerges at birth in typically developing (TD) infants and a preference for vocalizations generated from one’s own species (conspecific) emerges by 3 months. These biases and preferences may direct infants to relevant communicative information in their language learning environments, possibly predicting positive linguistic and social development. The first series of studies explored whether a bias for speech (over non-speech) at 6 and 9 months was predictive of language and social behaviors at 12 months. Whether a preference for conspecific vocalizations (over monkey calls) at 9 months was predictive of these same outcomes was also examined. Infants were biased toward speech over non-speech at 6 and 9 months, but preferred monkey calls over speech at 9 months. However, these listening patterns did not predict language or social developmental outcomes. Understanding these patterns of attention and how experimental procedures may influence preferences is important for advancing our understanding of the relationship between attention to speech and early development. The second series of studies reports findings from high-risk (HR) infant siblings of children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), who participated in these same experiments. HR infants are known to have heterogeneous outcomes by age 3, with about half developing typically, while others present with atypical outcomes, including ASD. Given the hypothesized importance of attention to speech on later development, we explored whether HR infants as a group selectively attended to speech and whether such attention was predictive of early language and social behaviors. HR infants were biased toward speech at 6 months; however, by 9 months, they did not differentially attend to speech over non-speech or monkey calls overall. Despite this, increased attention to speech at 9 months predicted better language and fewer autism-like behaviors at 12 months. Therefore, increased attention to conspecifics may indicate typical outcomes for HR infants. Future directions include following both groups of infants to 3 years of age to explore whether selective attention to speech during the first year is predictive of much later developmental outcomes and/or diagnostic status.
Classicalization as a tunnelling phenomenon
Creators: name: Rizos, J.
name: Tetradis, N.
name: Tsolias, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the "wrong"-sign DBI theory as a prototype for classicalization. The theory lacks a UV completion and has to be defined with a fundamental UV cutoff. We study a quantum-mechanical toy model with similar properties. The model has a fundamental length scale and all physical states have momenta below the inverse of this scale. We show that, despite the terminology, the phenomenon of classicalization is of a quantum nature. Within the toy model it consists essentially of tunnelling through a region that is classically forbidden. The size of this region is proportional to the square root of the energy and can be much larger than the fundamental length scale. We discuss the implications for classicalization in scalar field theories.
description: 21 pages, 10 figures, references added
title: The evolution of a passive narrator & 'Half river, half sea: a novel'
Creators: name: McNally, D
Publisher: name: Bath Spa University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis comprises a novel and a critical study. The novel is a first-person text which explores the narration of unrequited love. The critical study is a discussion of how a character narrating unrequited love can tend toward passivity. Its purpose is to find how my narrator evolved from one whose passivity was a weakness in the novel, to one in which it became a quality that merited attention. In the Introduction I offer some background about why unrequited love is a subject that interests me and how I have used the theme before. I describe how initially in this novel, my narrator’s response to unrequited love was problematic for me, and why. In this context, I look at and give a definition of narrative passivity. I outline what type of narrator I realised I did want, and my intentions for the study. I also introduce the texts that sustained and supported me on the way. Part One [Early Incarnations] looks back at the direction in which my originally unnamed and urban narrator was going. I explain why I felt the need to refigure him. I show how, during the process of developing him, I found he nevertheless retained some of his initial characteristics. I point to where the traces of these early iterations remain. In Part Two [The Makings of Will] I discuss the concepts of passivity and agency in relation to my narrator. I look at what it means to be a protagonist and what I did to make my narrator both narrator and protagonist of this novel. I examine his relationships, including those that pre-date the novel. I show how the connections he forges serve to mitigate – rather than eradicate – his passivity, thereby making this aspect of him interesting as opposed to frustrating for a reader. Part Three [The Division of Time] investigates how I organised the novel temporally. There are two timeframes. Initially, neither was organised in a linear way. I explain the changes I undertook – namely rearranging events chronologically – and why; that is, in order to better reinforce the arc of my narrator’s growth. Finally, I reveal why the river is a crucial site within the novel and how it influenced my narrator’s development. The Conclusion summarises my main discoveries during the creation of my narrator. In particular was the realisation that whilst his character need not be wholly determined by a narration of unrequited love, and indeed is not, the two are bound – and balanced – throughout.
Theory of spatially inhomogneous Bloch oscillations in semiconductor superlattices
Creators: name: Bonilla, L. L.
name: Álvaro, M.
name: Carretero, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a semiconductor superlattice with long scattering times, damping of Bloch oscillations due to scattering is so small that nonlinearities may compensate it and Bloch oscillations persist even in the hydrodynamic regime. To demonstrate this, a Boltzmann-Poisson transport model of miniband superlattices with inelastic collisions is proposed and hydrodynamic equations for electron density, electric field and the complex amplitude of the Bloch oscillations are derived by singular perturbation methods. For appropriate parameter ranges, numerical solutions of these equations show stable Bloch oscillations with spatially inhomogeneous field, charge, current density and energy density profiles. These Bloch oscillations disappear as scattering times become sufficiently short. For sufficiently low lattice temperatures, Bloch and Gunn type oscillations mediated by electric field, current and energy domains coexist for a range of voltages. For larger lattice temperatures (300 K), there are only Bloch oscillations with stationary amplitude and electric field profiles.
description: 42 pages, 4 figures, to appear in PRB
Nucleon structure from 2+1-flavor dynamical DWF lattice QCD at nearly physical pion mass
Creators: name: Lin, Meifeng
name: Ohta, Shigemi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Domain-wall fermions (DWF) is a lattice discretization for Dirac fields that preserves continuum-like chiral and flavor symmetries that are essential in hadron physics. RIKEN-BNL-Columbia (RBC) and UKQCD Collaborations have been generating sets of realistic 2+1-flavor dynamical lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD) numerical ensembles with DWF quarks with strange mass set almost exactly at its physical value via reweighing and degenerate up and down mass set as light as practical. In this report the current status of the nucleon-structure calculations using these ensembles are summarized.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, talk presented at Erice School "From Quarks and Gluons to Hadrons and Nuclei,'' September 16-24, 2011, Erice, Sicily
On the use of spaceborne ku-band scatterometer measurements for assessing sea ice melt dynamics in the Canadian arctic archipelago
Creators: name: Howell, Stephen E. L.
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2007

description: Bibliography: p. 185-202
description: Some pages are in colour.
description: The Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) is an intricate series of islands located on the North American continental shelf. While most Global Climate Models (GCM) simulations predict an ice-free Arctic Ocean as early as 2040 their coarse spatial resolution cannot resolve sea ice variability with the narrow channels of the CAA. This thesis evaluates the seasonal linkages between sea ice thermodynamics and dynamics and surface energy balance parameters in order to provide new spatiotemporal sea ice melt information within the CAA. This is accomplished primarily by developing and applying a sea ice melt algorithm from Sea Winds/QuikSCAT (QuikSCAT) Ku-band scatterometer data. Record low multi-year sea ice (MYI) concentrations were reported in the Northern Hemisphere from 2002-2005 but results of this thesis show contrasting increases in the CAA. This thesis demonstrates that QuikSCA T detected early melt transitions within the CAA make certain regions subject to an increased flux of MYI. Furthermore, over the QuikSCA T detected melt season, thermodynamic factors are insufficient to completely melt out MYI found in the southerly latitude regions of the CAA even after several successive years of ablation. Results also illustrate that melt processes in CAA function as such that when MYI is removed it gradually recovers because the southerly regions of the CAA act as a MYI drain-trap. This thesis finds that the melt processes operating in the CAA, may result in the CAA being one of the last sea ice regions in the Northern Hemisphere to experience changes significant enough to facilitate summertime sea ice-free conditions under a warmer Earth scenario.
Evidence for abundant isolated magnetic nanoparticles at the Paleocene–Eocene boundary
Creators: name: Wang, Huapei
name: Kent, Dennis V.
name: Jackson, Michael J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Paleoclimatology
subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: New rock magnetic results (thermal fluctuation tomography, high-resolution first-order reversal curves and low temperature measurements) for samples from the Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum and carbon isotope excursion in cored sections at Ancora and Wilson Lake on the Atlantic Coastal Plain of New Jersey indicate the presence of predominantly isolated, near-equidimensional single-domain magnetic particles rather than the chain patterns observed in a cultured magnetotactic bacteria sample or magnetofossils in extracts. The various published results can be reconciled with the recognition that chain magnetosomes tend to be preferentially extracted in the magnetic separation process but, as we show, may represent only a small fraction of the overall magnetic assemblage that accounts for the greatly enhanced magnetization of the carbon isotope excursion sediment but whose origin is thus unclear.
Seismic shear demand in reinforced concete cantilever walls
Creators: name: Yathon, Jeffrey Scott
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This thesis addresses the issue of seismic shear force demand in reinforced concrete cantilever walls, and specifically the dynamic amplification of shear force due to higher mode effects. Current design codes either do not account for this phenomenon, or vary considerably in the approach they take. In order to determine the reason for the variation, previous research is first examined, and it is found that the conclusions reached are not consistent with each other. It is identified that a major source of the problem is a lack of a comprehensive analysis of the problem. To attempt to address this issue, the analysis portion of the thesis starts by performing response spectrum analysis on structures with heights ranging from 5 to 70 storeys. It is shown that when a pin is placed at the bottom of the structure to simulate yielding, the moment is limited but the shear can still increase. A simple relationship between the fixed base and pinned base shear is found. Reduction in the shear stiffness, possible yielding higher in the structure, and the effect of the spectrum are also issues examined. The next two chapters deal with both linear and nonlinear time history analyses performed using OpenSees. Linear time history analysis is used to demonstrate the issues with ground motion scaling in tall structures. It is then shown that the shear at the base of the structure from a nonlinear analysis is more than the code predicts, as is the moment higher up in the structure. Furthermore, the shear at the base of the structure remains relatively constant no matter how the rest of the structure yields. A possible model is then proposed which adds the pinned response spectrum analysis results to the reduced shear. This model is compared to the nonlinear results and it is found to agree well. Finally, a chapter is devoted to factors which may complicate the results. They are separated into two sections: choice of hysteretic model, and the influence of the shear capacity on the demand. It is determined that further research is needed in these areas.
Exploring the Climate Change, Migration and Conflict Nexus
Creators: name: Burrows, Kate
name: Kinney, Patrick L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Climatic changes
Migration, Internal
Migration, Internal--Environmental aspects
Climatic changes--Social aspects

description: The potential link between climate change, migration, and conflict has been widely discussed and is increasingly viewed by policy makers as a security issue. However, considerable uncertainty remains regarding the role that climate variability and change play among the many drivers of migration and conflict. The overall objective of this paper is to explore the potential pathways linking climate change, migration and increased risk of conflict. We review the existing literature surrounding this issue and break the problem into two components: the links between climate change and migration, and those between migration and conflict. We found a large range of views regarding the importance of climate change as a driver for increasing rates of migration and subsequently of conflict. We argue that future research should focus not only on the climate-migration-conflict pathway but also work to understand the other pathways by which climate variability and change might exacerbate conflict. We conclude by proposing five questions to help guide future research on the link between climate change, migration, and conflict.
Diagrammatic Approach for the High-Temperature Regime of Quantum Hall Transitions
Creators: name: Flöser, Martina
name: Florens, Serge
name: Champel, Thierry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a general diagrammatic formalism based on a local conductivity approach to compute electronic transport in continuous media with long-range disorder, in the absence of quantum interference effects. The method allows us then to investigate the interplay of dissipative processes and random drifting of electronic trajectories in the high-temperature regime of quantum Hall transitions. We obtain that the longitudinal conductance σ_{xx} scales with an exponent κ=0.767\pm0.002 in agreement with the value κ=10/13 conjectured from analogies to classical percolation. We also derive a microscopic expression for the temperature-dependent peak value of σ_{xx}, useful to extract κ from experiments.
description: 4+epsilon pages, 5 figures, attached with Supplementary Material. A discussion and a plot of the temperature-dependent longitudinal conductance was added in the final version
title: Young children’s creativity in science enquiry: a diffractive analysis of empirical and theoretical understandings
Creators: name: Digby, R
Publisher: name: Bath Spa University
Year: 2021

description: Little attention has been paid to the materiality of children’s creative knowledge making practices in science enquiry. Conflicting discourses have instead shaped a narrow understanding of how children come to know in early childhood science education. This thesis draws on new materialist philosophy to offer a new approach to diffractive analysis by showing how critical points of difference are created when empirical data encounter theoretical perspectives diffractively. In doing so, conflicting discourses are challenged as limiting, and points of difference illuminated as crucial in affecting connections which can convincingly reconfigure dominant ways of seeing. The thesis firstly presents empirical data which illustrates shared understandings of creativity in science enquiry held by early childhood practitioners, gathered using Video Stimulated Reflective Dialogues (Moyles et al., 2003) and analysed using a grounded theoretical approach. This data was found to be largely representative of existing perspectives on young children’s creativity in science enquiry and the analysis restricted by theoretical, ontological and axiological norms within the interpretivist paradigm. The empirical data was subsequently ‘re-turned’ in a diffraction together with i) existing research on early childhood science education, and ii) conceptualisations of creativity in the domain of art, to reveal critical points of difference which, in superposition, create the possibility for a new conceptualisation of young children’s creativity in science enquiry. Consideration is given to the role and ethics of what is excluded in reading diffractively. A diffractive reading found children’s creativity in science enquiry to be enacted at once through talk and materials. Cutting together and apart child-material revealed children as decentred and coming to know through the materiality of materials. This opens possibilities to explore children’s co-constitutive and affective ways of knowing in science enquiry. Attention is drawn to both video camera and footage as more-than-human matter and the need for further research into the significance of points of difference potentially emergent from the spaces in-between children’s encounters with materials in science enquiry.
Essential tremor is associated with dementia : prospective population-based study in New York
Creators: name: Thawani, Sujata P.
name: Schupf, Nicole
name: Louis, Elan D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Background: Mild cognitive deficits, mainly in frontal-executive function and memory, have been reported in patients with essential tremor (ET). Furthermore, an association between ET and dementia has been reported in a single population-based study in Spain. This has not been confirmed elsewhere. Objective: To determine whether baseline ET is associated with prevalent and incident dementia in an ethnically diverse, community-based sample of elders. Methods: Community-dwelling elders in northern Manhattan were enrolled in a prospective cohort study. Baseline ET diagnoses were assigned from handwriting samples. Dementia was diagnosed at baseline and follow-up using DSM-III-R criteria. Results: In cross-sectional analyses, 31/124 (25.0%) ET cases had prevalent dementia vs 198/2,161 (9.2%) controls (odds ratio [OR]unadjusted = 3.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.15 - 5.09, p < 0.001; ORadjusted = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.13 - 2.98, p = 0.01). In prospective analyses, 17/93 (18.3%) ET cases vs 171/1,963 (8.7%) controls developed incident dementia (hazard ratio [HR]unadjusted = 2.78, 95% CI = 1.69 - 4.57, p < 0.001; HRadjusted = 1.64, 95% CI = 0.99 - 2.72, p = 0.055). Conclusions: In a second population-based study of elders, essential tremor (ET) was associated with both increased odds of prevalent dementia and increased risk of incident dementia. Presence of dementia, therefore, appeared to be greater than that expected for age (i.e., a disease-associated feature). Rather than attributing cognitive complaints in patients with ET to old age, assessment and possible treatment of dementia should be routinely incorporated into the treatment plan.
Development of a Competency-Based "Boot Camp" Curriculum for the PGY-1 Neurology Residents
Creators: name: Makkawi, Seraj Omar S.
Publisher: name: Cumming School of Medicine
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: boot camp
subject: Neurology
subject: residents
subject: competency-based
subject: Medical Education
subject: needs assessment
subject: curriculum development
subject: Biophysics--Medical

description: Background: Boot camp training early in the curriculum has the potential to enhance residents’ confidence, competency, and stress hardiness in managing their patients. Goal: To develop a competency-based boot camp curriculum for PGY-1 neurology residents based on a targeted needs assessment. Methods: A multi-modal approach has been used to assess both self-reported and objective learning needs including: ITER review, an online survey of the key stakeholders, and a consensus meeting at the University of Calgary. Results: This study highlighted the need for the curriculum and the homogeneity between the self-reported learning needs by the learners and their observers as well as the objectively measured needs. Small group discussion, problem-based learning, simulation, and standardized patient encounter were the preferred methods of teaching. The preferred program length was three days. Conclusion: Based on the results of this multi-modal targeted needs assessment, a neurology boot camp curriculum is needed, and a competency-based curriculum can be developed.
Additional file 8 of Mechanical ventilation enhances extrapulmonary sepsis-induced lung injury: role of WISP1–αvβ5 integrin pathway in TLR4-mediated inflammation and injury
Creators: name: Ding, Xibing
name: Tong, Yao
name: Jin, Shuqing
name: Chen, Zhixia
name: Li, Tunliang
name: Billiar, Timothy
name: Pitt, Bruce
name: Li, Quan
name: Zhang, Li-Ming
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Materials and Methods Eight to 10-week-old male C57BL/6 mice purchased from Jackson Laboratory. TLR4−/−, MyD88−/−, TRIF−/− mice obtained from Dr Billiar’s laboratory. All mice used were on a C57BL/6 background with appropriate backcrossing for respective knockouts. Transgenic male mice confirmed to be desired genotype via standard PCR-based techniques. Animal protocols approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of the University of Pittsburgh and experiments performed in strict adherence to National Institutes of Health Guidelines for the Use of Laboratory Animals. Mice bred and housed in specific pathogen-free conditions with free access to food and water (DOCX 21 kb)
Metallicity Gradients in Disks: Do Galaxies Form Inside-Out?
Creators: name: Pilkington, K.
name: Few, C. G.
name: Gibson, B. K.
name: Calura, F.
name: Michel-Dansac, L.
name: Thacker, R. J.
name: Molla, M.
name: Matteucci, F.
name: Rahimi, A.
name: Kawata, D.
name: Kobayashi, C.
name: Brook, C. B.
name: Stinson, G. S.
name: Couchman, H. M. P.
name: Bailin, J.
name: Wadsley, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine radial and vertical metallicity gradients using a suite of disk galaxy simulations, supplemented with two classic chemical evolution approaches. We determine the rate of change of gradient and reconcile differences between extant models and observations within the `inside-out' disk growth paradigm. A sample of 25 disks is used, consisting of 19 from our RaDES (Ramses Disk Environment Study) sample, realised with the adaptive mesh refinement code RAMSES. Four disks are selected from the MUGS (McMaster Unbiased Galaxy Simulations) sample, generated with the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) code GASOLINE, alongside disks from Rahimi et al. (GCD+) and Kobayashi & Nakasato (GRAPE-SPH). Two chemical evolution models of inside-out disk growth were employed to contrast the temporal evolution of their radial gradients with those of the simulations. We find that systematic differences exist between the predicted evolution of radial abundance gradients in the RaDES and chemical evolution models, compared with the MUGS sample; specifically, the MUGS simulations are systematically steeper at high-redshift, and present much more rapid evolution in their gradients. We find that the majority of the models predict radial gradients today which are consistent with those observed in late-type disks, but they evolve to this self-similarity in different fashions, despite each adhering to classical `inside-out' growth. We find that radial dependence of the efficiency with which stars form as a function of time drives the differences seen in the gradients; systematic differences in the sub-grid physics between the various codes are responsible for setting these gradients. Recent, albeit limited, data at redshift z=1.5 are consistent with the steeper gradients seen in our SPH sample, suggesting a modest revision of the classical chemical evolution models may be required.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A; 12 pages; 5 figures (several typos corrected and author affiliations updated)
Epidemiological evidence of an early wave of the 1918 influenza pandemic in New York City
Creators: name: Olson, Donald R.
name: Simonsen, Lone
name: Edelson, Paul J.
name: Morse, Stephen S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Influenza Epidemic (1918-1919)
Public health
Epidemics
Epidemiology

description: The 1918 "Spanish flu" was the fastest spreading and most deadly influenza pandemic in recorded history. Hypotheses of its origin have been based on a limited collection of case and outbreak reports from before its recognized European emergence in the summer of 1918. These anecdotal accounts, however, remain insufficient for determining the early diffusion and impact of the pandemic virus. Using routinely collected monthly age-stratified mortality data, we show that an unmistakable shift in the age distribution of epidemic deaths occurred during the 1917/1918 influenza season in New York City. The timing, magnitude, and age distribution of this mortality shift provide strong evidence that an early wave of the pandemic virus was present in New York City during February-April 1918.
Leben mit Medien
Creators: name: Roth-Ebner, Caroline
name: Oggolder, Christian
Publisher: name: Medienimpulse
Year: 2023

description: Die Auswirkungen der Digitalisierung auf die Mediennutzung von Individuen sind Gegenstand zahlreicher Analysen. Im Gegensatz zu Kindern und Jugendlichen sind ältere Menschen in der Forschung noch unterrepräsentiert. Diesem Umstand Rechnung tragend fragt der Beitrag nach der Rolle von Medien im Lebenslauf älterer Menschen und ihrer Wahrnehmung des technologischen Wandels. Zur Beantwortung dieser Fragen wurden mit 21 Seniorinnen und Senioren medienbiografische Interviews geführt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass klassische Medien (TV, Zeitungen, Radio) nach wie vor die Medienrepertoires von älteren Personen dominieren. Auch digitale Medien werden zunehmend genutzt, wobei das Smartphone eine Sonderrolle als wichtigstes Medium im Alltag einnimmt. Die Auswirkungen der Digitalisierung auf Seniorinnen und Senioren sind jedoch ambivalent. Einerseits fühlen sie sich von der Komplexität der Anwendungen überfordert; andererseits profitieren sie auch von deren Vorteilen. Wie die Studie zeigt, gibt es unterschiedliche Wege, mit den Herausforderungen der Digitalisierung umzugehen – vom Lernen von der jüngeren Generation bis zur Resilienz.
description: Medienimpulse, Bd. 61 Nr. 1 (2023): Medienpädagogische Entwürfe der Zukunft: Nachhaltigkeit, Zukunftsvisionen und Science-Fiction
Equilibrium in Competitive Insurance Markets: An Essay on the Economics of Imperfect Information
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
name: Rothschild, Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1976
Subjects: Economics

description: This paper analyzes competitive markets in which the characteristics of the commodities exchanged are not fully known to at least one of the parties to the transaction and suggests that the comforting myth that serious consideration of costs of communication, imperfect knowledge, and the like complicate without informing is false. Some of the most important conclusions of economic theory are not robust to considerations of imperfect information. We are able to show that not only may a competitive equilibrium not exist, but when equilibria do exist, they may have strange properties.
Molecular Design of Solid Sorbents for Gas Capture Applications
Creators: name: Bladek, Kamila Julia
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Phosphonates
subject: Metal-organic Frameworks
subject: Gas separations
subject: Hydrogen-bonded network
subject: Education--Sciences
subject: Chemistry--Inorganic
subject: Engineering--Chemical

description: Designing new solid sorbents can be difficult as many factors need to be considered if a better material is to be synthesized. Gas capture applications require not only a high uptake of a specific gas, but also high stability, high selectivity, and good mechanical properties. Creating coordination polymers that contain phosphonate ligands can add stability to the framework due to the strength of the metal-ligand bond., but there are many challenges with phosphonates, like the unpredictability, low crystallinity and preference for layered materials, that need to be overcome to make sorbents. The first metal-organic framework (MOF) synthesized used pyrene-1,3,6,8-tetraphosphonic acid with Cr3+, but it was synthesized using a hydrogen-bonded intermediate to overcome crystallinity issues. It had a surface area of 695 m2/g and a selectivity for CO2 over N2 of 319.5. It’s low regeneration energy and chemical stability make it interesting as a flue gas capture material. The next MOF was synthesized using Zr4+ and 1,3,5,7-tetrakis(4-phosphonophenyl)adamantane to increase stability and prevent a dense framework. The MOF had a surface area of 541 m2/g with a stability to acid. The water sorption was high at 14.5 mmol/g, making the material interesting for water adsorption processes. The last sorbents studied focused on the morphological control when using fluorene-2,7-diphosphonic acid versus the monoester, fluorene-2,7-diphosphonate bis(monoethyl ester). While studies with Co2+ showed sphere formation with the monoester, porosity and remarkable mechanical properties, the Ni2+ coordination polymer formed hollow spheres with a surface area of ~1200 m2/g. All of the materials synthesized illustrate how understanding of supramolecular concepts allow for the manipulation and improvement of properties of the desired sorbents. The thesis concludes with a discussion of the opportunities that exist in the area of solid sorbents and the future outlook of these materials.
Neighbourhood Resilience to Extreme Weather Events: An Assessment Methodology for Canadian Cities
Creators: name: Robertson, Natalie S.
Publisher: name: Environmental Design
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Climate change adaptation
subject: Urban Resilience
subject: Neighbourhood Scale
subject: Neighbourhood Systems
subject: Food
subject: Water
subject: Energy
subject: Shelter
subject: Transportation
subject: Waste Management
subject: Urban and Regional Planning
subject: FOS: Social and economic geography

description: The escalating intensity and increasing frequency of extreme weather events caused by climate change, necessitates an examination of how urban form can support or undermine a city’s resilience to these weather events. A single, uniform strategy to increase resilience in a city is unlikely, because while regional weather patterns impact an entire area, individual neighbourhoods are affected differently because of their age, design, size, (infra)structures, land-use policies, etc. Furthermore, they are not all sited on identical topography, for example, some are located on a flood plain, some on the crest of a hill. Because neighbourhoods are generally built-out within a finite window of time, they are ‘development units’ reflecting the contemporary norms, technology, architecture, etc. of the era in which they were built. Because of these multitude of factors, every neighbourhood within a city is unique, and thus each possesses inherent strengths and weaknesses to extreme weather events, either by design or by accident. This thesis proposes a series of 24 metrics to assess individual neighbourhood form, local elements, and circumstances to uncover its inherent functionality. By understanding how a neighbourhood functions, i.e. the mechanisms operating within it that support residents, we are better placed to recognize any points of vulnerability or strength. Two case studies are provided as a means to test the proposed assessment framework in a real-world setting. The metrics provide information on neighbourhood and resident vulnerabilities dependent on weather, location, amenities, transportation, food, energy, and water provision. Metric results offer an overview for residents, planners, or other stakeholders, to understand the interplay of different elements within a neighbourhood, and support these stakeholders into the future for climate change adaptation planning or retro-fitting.
Efficient, DoS-Resistant, Secure Key Exchange for Internet Protocols
Creators: name: Aiello, William
name: Bellovin, Steven Michael
name: Blaze, Matt
name: Canetti, Ran
name: Ioannidis, John
name: Keromytis, Angelos D.
name: Reingold, Omer
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Computer science

description: We describe JFK, a new key exchange protocol, primarily designed for use in the IP Security Architecture. It is simple, efficient, and secure; we sketch a proof of the latter property. JFK also has a number of novel engineering parameters that permit a variety of trade-offs, most notably the ability to balance the need for perfect forward secrecy against susceptibility to denial-of-service attacks.
Mesoscopic variations of local density of states in disordered superconductors
Creators: name: Koshelev, A. E.
name: Varlamov, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore correlations of inhomogeneous local density of states (LDoS) for impure superconductors with different symmetries of the order parameter (s-wave and d-wave) and different types of scatterers (elastic and magnetic impurities). It turns out that the LDoS correlation function of superconductor always slowly decreases with distance up to the phase-breaking length $l_ϕ$ and its long-range spatial behavior is determined only by the dimensionality, as in normal metals. On the other hand, the energy dependence of this correlation function is sensitive to symmetry of the order parameter and nature of scatterers. Only in the simplest case of s-wave superconductor with elastic scatterers the inhomogeneous LDoS is directly connected to the corresponding characteristics of normal metal.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures, accepted to Phys. Rev. B
MOESM6 of Pan-genome analyses of 24 Shewanella strains re-emphasize the diversification of their functions yet evolutionary dynamics of metal-reducing pathway
Creators: name: Zhong, Chaofang
name: Han, Maozhen
name: Yu, Shaojun
name: Yang, Pengshuo
name: Li, Hongjun
name: Ning, Kang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 6: Figure S4. Comparison of omcA genes in 24 Shewanella genomes. Left: Phylogenetic tree of omcA genes. Right: omcA genes similarities of pairwise comparison. The omcA from multi-locus that are not located in the mtrâ omc cluster are colored red, omcA from multi-locus that located in the mtrâ omc cluster that no longer sisters are colored green, respectively.
Efficacy and safety of dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin system: meta-analysis of randomised trials
Creators: name: Makani, Harikrishna Jayantilal
name: Desouza, Kavit Alan
name: Shah, Arpit Falgun
name: Messerli, Franz H.
name: Bangalore, Sripal
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Medicine
Pharmacology

description: The concept of dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin system originated from an experimental model purporting to show a “synergistic” effect between angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers.The concept seemed so logical and appealing that seemingly beneficial changes in surrogate endpoints such as blood pressure, proteinuria, and endothelial dysfunction became accepted as a free pass for dual blockade having cardioprotective and nephroprotective effects. Despite a lack of solid evidence on the safety and efficacy of dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin system this type of therapy has been mentioned in several sets of guidelines. Thus dual therapy was commonly used in patients with hypertension and with diabetes or proteinuria, or both and also to a lesser extent in those with heart failure resistant to treatment. Even patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension were not entirely able to escape this fashionable trend. In the United States more than 200,000 patients are currently treated with dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin system, most of them by the combination of an angiotensin receptor blocker and ACE inhibitor (70%). Some other combinations are also used, such as two ACE inhibitors (15%), two angiotensin receptor blockers (5%), and ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers in combination with a direct renin inhibitor (8%). The long term efficacy and safety of dual blockade is not, however, well defined. We compared the long term efficacy of dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin system (any two of ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, or aliskiren) with monotherapy and evaluated adverse events in patients receiving dual therapy compared with monotherapy.
Sustainability of International Branch Campuses: A Case Study of Management Practices in the Arabian Gulf
Creators: name: Karam, Jamil
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: International Branch Campus
subject: International Education
subject: Transnational Higher Education
subject: Education Hub
subject: Qatar
subject: Education City
subject: Education
subject: Education--Administration
subject: Education--Higher

description: The purpose of this case study was to gain a thorough understanding of how an international branch campus (IBC) in the Arabian Gulf plans to achieve sustainability. My rationale for examining this topic was to help educational administrators in the region gain a better understanding of the factors contributing to the sustainability of IBCs. Drawing on current practices and international higher education literature, this research revealed important considerations for educational administrators currently managing or interested in establishing IBCs. The study used qualitative case-study methodology involving in-depth semi-structured interviews with eight senior administrators from an international branch campus in the Arabian Gulf. The study generated twelve findings, four for each of the research questions. The first four findings identified practices implemented to achieve the IBC sustainability: (1) maintaining the brand and integrity of academic programs; (2) uniqueness of local context and implications for the branch campus’ operations; (3) relevance of product delivery to stakeholders through teaching, research, and service; and (4) a funding model centered on the educational mission of the branch campus. The interface between management practices and research informed concepts and processes of sustainability also revealed a second set of findings: (5) alignment of branch campus’ goals and practices with national priorities; (6) adaptation of practices to fit with local laws and cultural context; (7) multifaceted governance process; and (8) resources efficiency. This inquiry also disclosed how the interdependence between the international branch campus and the home institution shapes these management practices unveiling a third set of findings: (9) Responding to anticipated challenges; (10) strong ties with the main campus; (11) balancing autonomous and interdependent decision making; and (12) recognizing the specificity of roles, benefits, and functions. From these findings, conclusions and recommendations for policy, practice, and operational changes were developed.