Phytobia spinosula Sousa & Couri, 2017, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Sousa, Viviane Rodrigues de
name: Couri, Márcia Souto
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Agromyzidae
Phytobia
Phytobia spinosula

description: Phytobia spinosula sp. nov.   
http://zoobank.org/ E79C960D-D776-4467-BAEB-2F2EB978012F  
Figs 4, 25, 90–92  
Type material. Holotype ♂: BRASIL: MS [Mato Grosso do Sul]: Corumbá. BEP – Trans. Ciliar/ Paratudal 19°34’20.09”S, 57°00’57.09”W. Malaise 2. 31.i-15.ii.2012. Lamas, Nihei & eq. cols. [MZUSP]. Paratypes: 2♂, Malaise 02, 01–16.i.2012 [MNRJ]; 1 ♂, 01–16.iii.2012, Malaise 03 [MZUSP] (Fig. 4).  
Description. Male. Body length 2.75 mm; wing length 2.5 mm (Fig. 25).  
Female. Unknown.  
Color. Frons mat black; fronto-orbital plate shining black; upper dark orbit touching ovt and ivt; ocellar triangle mat black; lunule silvery; face dark brown; clypeus black subshining; gena dark brown; antenna and arista entirely brown; palpus brown; proboscis brown; labellum brown, with brown setae; scutum and scutellum shining dark brown; postpronotum, notopleuron, anepimeron, anepisternum, katepimeron, katepisternum, meron and haltere entirely yellow; calypters light yellow with margin and fringe black; wing clear, yellow at base; legs dark brown; pulvilli yellow; abdomen entirely dark brown.  
Head. Frons not visible above eye margin in lateral profile; 2 reclinate ors and 2 inclinate inwards ori, similar in size; orbital setulae slightly reclinate in one row; eye bare; facial keel undifferenciated; eye height/gena+parafacialia: 0.7; ocellar triangle short, ending before ors; lunule high and large, about 21% of frons length; clypeus rounded; epistoma height 0.05 mm; first flagellomere rounded and finely pubescent; arista as long as vertical height of eye, finely pubescent; vibrissa short and strong, about 1/3 of aristal length.  
 Thorax. Acr in nine irregular rows; prsc present; 0+2 dc, first smaller than last one; 2 npl, similar in size. Wings. Wing tip between R 4+5 and M; R 4+5 and M erect; C sections 2–4 in proportion: 0.58:0.23:0.17; ultimate section of vein CuA 1 0.75 length of basal section; r-m past middle point of dm. Legs. Fore tibia without pd; mid tibia with 2 pd on middle third.   
Terminalia. Epandrium large and rounded with long setae; cercus short, about 1/3 height of epandrium and with long setae; surstylus rounded with about 12–16 setae; hypandrium U-shaped; phallapodeme about twice length of hypandrium; basiphallus simple, membranous; mesophallus tubular; distiphallus bifid with very spinose surrounding membrane (Figs 90, 91); ejaculatory apodeme sickle-shaped, at its broader part about 2.5 times wider than constricted area at base (Fig. 92).  
Distribution. Mato Grosso do Sul (Brazil).  
Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the spinous membrane around the phallus.  
 Remarks. This species is morphologically close to P. unica Spencer (in Spencer and Stegmaier Jr 1973), known from Jamaica, due to the presence of only 2 dc and general coloration of the head, but it can be distinguished by the presence of the two posterodorsal setae on mid tibiae, the prescutellar present, and the male terminalia with distiphallus bifid with a surrounding membrane bearing many spines.
description: Published as part of Sousa, Viviane Rodrigues de & Couri, Márcia Souto, 2017, Phytobia (Diptera: Agromyzidae) from Brazil: new species, new record and a key to the Neotropical species, pp. 1-25 in Zoologia (e 12308) (e 12308) 34 on page 22, DOI: 10.3897/zoologia.34.e12308, http://zenodo.org/record/13175379