cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Investigation and Optimisation of High-Lift Airfoils for Airborne Wind Energy Systems at High Reynolds Numbers
Creators: name: Fischer, Denes
name: Church, Benjamin
name: Nayeri, Christian Navid
name: Paschereit, Christian Oliver
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::620 Ingenieurwissenschaften::620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
subject: high-lift airfoils
subject: airborne wind energy
subject: S1223
subject: optimisation
subject: slat
subject: numerical
subject: experimental

description: The potential of airfoil optimisation for the specific requirements of airborne wind energy (AWE) systems is investigated. Experimental and numerical investigations were conducted at high Reynolds numbers for the S1223 airfoil and an optimised airfoil with thin slat. The optimised geometry was generated using the NSGA-II optimisation algorithm in conjunction with 2D-RANS simulations. The results showed that simultaneous optimisation of the slat and airfoil is the most promising approach. Furthermore, the choice of turbulence model was found to be crucial, requiring appropriate transition modeling to reproduce experimental data. The k-𝜔-𝑆𝑆𝑇-𝛾-𝑅𝑒𝜃 model proved to be most suitable for the geometries investigated. Wind tunnel experiments were conducted with high aspect ratio model airfoils, using a novel structural design, relying mostly on 3D-printed airfoil segments. The optimised airfoil and slat geometry showed significantly improved maximum lift and a shift of the maximum power factor to higher angles of attack, indicating good potential for use in AWE systems, especially at higher Reynolds numbers. The combined numerical and experimental approach proved to be very successful and the overall process a promising starting point for future optimisation and investigation of airfoils for AWE systems.
Novel A15 phase in barium-doped fullerite
Creators: name: Kortan, A.R.
name: Rabe, K.M.
name: Fleming, R.M.
name: Thiel, F.A.
name: Zhou, O.
name: Haddon, R.C.
name: Kopylov, N.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1993

description: A new stable compound Ba3C60 is reported in the Ba-C60 phase diagram. Rietveld refinement of x-ray powder diffraction data shows that this compound has the A15 structure with a lattice constant of 11.34. The Pm3̄n space group implies a perfect alternating orientational order for the C60 molecules, not previously observed in doped fullerite structures. The relative stability of the A15 phase over the fully intercalated fcc structure can be explained by a simple model involving the Madelung energy differences, orientation dependence of the C60-cation interaction energy, and distortion-induced relaxational energy gains.
Collisionless self-gravitating systems in f(R)-gravity within Palatini approach and relativistic Boltzmann equation in the Newtonian approach
Creators: name: André, Raíla
name: Kremer, Gilberto M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we analyze the dynamics of collisionless self-gravitating systems described by the f(R)-gravity and Boltzmann equation in the weak field approximation, focusing on the Jeans instability for theses systems. The field equations in this approximation were obtained within the Palatini formalism. Through the solution of coupled equations we achieved the collapse criterion for infinite homogeneous fluid and stellar systems, which is given by a dispersion relation. This result is compared with the results of the standard case and the case for f(R)-gravity in metric formalism, in order to see the difference among them. The limit of instability varies according to which theory of gravity is adopted.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure, to appear in Gravitation, Relativistic Astrophysics and Cosmology, Second Argentinian-Brazilian Meeting, 2014, G. S. Vila, F. L. Vieyro and J. Fabris, eds
Additional file 11 of Shared and distinct interactions of type 1 and type 2 Epstein-Barr Nuclear Antigen 2 with the human genome
Creators: name: Viel, Kenyatta C. M. F.
name: Parameswaran, Sreeja
name: Donmez, Omer A.
name: Forney, Carmy R.
name: Hass, Matthew R.
name: Yin, Cailing
name: Jones, Sydney H.
name: Prosser, Hayley K.
name: Diouf, Arame A.
name: Gittens, Olivia E.
name: Edsall, Lee E.
name: Chen, Xiaoting
name: Rowden, Hope
name: Dunn, Katelyn A.
name: Guo, Rui
name: VonHandorf, Andrew
name: Leong, Merrin Man Long
name: Ernst, Kevin
name: Kaufman, Kenneth M.
name: Lawson, Lucinda P.
name: Gewurz, Ben
name: Zhao, Bo
name: Kottyan, Leah C.
name: Weirauch, Matthew T.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Supplementary Material 11.
An Origami Approximation to the Cosmic Web
Creators: name: Neyrinck, Mark C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The powerful Lagrangian view of structure formation was essentially introduced to cosmology by Zel'dovich. In the current cosmological paradigm, a dark-matter-sheet 3D manifold, inhabiting 6D position-velocity phase space, was flat (with vanishing velocity) at the big bang. Afterward, gravity stretched and bunched the sheet together in different places, forming a cosmic web when projected to the position coordinates. Here, I explain some properties of an origami approximation, in which the sheet does not stretch or contract (an assumption that is false in general), but is allowed to fold. Even without stretching, the sheet can form an idealized cosmic web, with convex polyhedral voids separated by straight walls and filaments, joined by convex polyhedral nodes. The nodes form in 'polygonal' or 'polyhedral' collapse, somewhat like spherical/ellipsoidal collapse, except incorporating simultaneous filament and wall formation. The origami approximation allows phase-space geometries of nodes, filaments, and walls to be more easily understood, and may aid in understanding spin correlations between nearby galaxies. This contribution explores kinematic origami-approximation models giving velocity fields for the first time.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures. Proceedings of IAU Symposium 308 "The Zeldovich Universe: Genesis and Growth of the Cosmic Web", 23-28 June 2014, Tallinn, Estonia. Interactive tetrahedral-collapse model at http://skysrv.pha.jhu.edu/~neyrinck/TetCollapse
Aerosol physical properties and processes in the lower marine boundary layer: A comparison of shipboard sub-micron data from ACE-1 and ACE-2
Creators: name: Bates, Timothy S.
name: Quinn, Patricia K.
name: Covert, David S.
name: Coffman, Derek J.
name: Johnson, James E.
name: Wiedensohler, Alfred
Publisher: name: Milton Park : Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: ACE 1
subject: ACE 2
subject: aerosol property
subject: boundary layer
subject: comparative study
subject: marine atmosphere
subject: physical property
subject: research program
subject: shipborne measurement
subject: 550

description: The goals of the IGAC Aerosol Characterization Experiments (ACE) are to determine and understand the properties and controlling processes of the aerosol in a globally representative range of natural and anthropogenically perturbed environments. ACE-1 was conducted in the remote marine atmosphere south of Australia while ACE-2 was conducted in the anthropogenically modified atmosphere of the Eastern North Atlantic. In-situ shipboard measurements from the RV Discoverer(ACE-1) and the RV Professor Vodyanitskiy(ACE-2), combined with calculated back trajectories can be used to define the physical properties of the sub-micron aerosol in marine boundary layer (MBL) air masses from the remote Southern Ocean, Western Europe, the Iberian coast, the Mediterranean and the background Atlantic Ocean. The differences in these aerosol properties, combined with dimethylsulfide, sulfur dioxide and meteorological measurements provide a means to assess processes that affect the aerosol distribution. The background sub-micron aerosol measured over the Atlantic Ocean during ACE-2 was more abundant (number and volume) and appeared to be more aged than that measured over the Southern Ocean during ACE-1. Based on seawater DMS measurements and wind speed, the oceanic source of non-sea-salt sulfur and sea-salt to the background marine atmosphere during ACE-1 and ACE-2 was similar. However, the synoptic meteorological pattern was quite different during ACE-1 and ACE-2. The frequent frontal passages during ACE-1 resulted in the mixing of nucleation mode particles into the marine boundary layer from the free troposphere and relatively short aerosol residence times. In the more stable meteorological setting of ACE-2, a significant nucleation mode aerosol was observed in the MBL only for a half day period associated with a weak frontal system. As a result of the longer MBL aerosol residence times, the average background ACE-2 accumulation mode aerosol had a larger diameter and higher number concentration than during ACE-1. The sub-micron aerosol number size distributions in the air masses that passed over Western Europe, the Mediterranean, and coastal Portugal were distinctly different from each other and the background aerosol. The differences can be attributed to the age of the air mass and the degree of cloud processing.
The relationship between galaxy and halo sizes in the Illustris and IllustrisTNG simulations
Creators: name: Karmakar, Tathagata
name: Genel, Shy
name: Somerville, Rachel S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Abundance matching studies have shown that the average relationship between galaxy radius and dark matter halo virial radius remains nearly constant over many orders of magnitude in halo mass, and over cosmic time since about $z=3$. In this work, we investigate the predicted relationship between galaxy radius $r_{e}$ and halo virial radius $R_{\rm h}$ in the numerical hydrodynamical simulations Illustris and IllustrisTNG from $z\sim 0$--3, and compare with the results from the abundance matching studies. We find that Illustris predicts much higher $r_e/R_{\rm h}$ values than the constraints obtained by abundance matching, at all redshifts, as well as a stronger dependence on halo mass. In contrast, IllustrisTNG shows very good agreement with the abundance matching constraints. In addition, at high redshift it predicts a strong dependence of $r_e/R_{\rm h}$ on halo mass on mass scales below those that are probed by existing observations. We present the predicted $r_e/R_{\rm h}$ relations from Illustris and IllustrisTNG for galaxies divided into star-forming and quiescent samples, and quantify the scatter in $r_e/R_{\rm h}$ for both simulations. Further, we investigate whether this scatter arises from the dispersion in halo spin parameter and find no significant correlation between $r_e/R_{\rm h}$ and halo spin. We investigate the paths in $r_e/R_{\rm h}$ traced by individual haloes over cosmic time, and find that most haloes oscillate around the median $r_e/R_{\rm h}$ relation over their formation history.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures, accepted at MNRAS
Effect of narrow-banded blue LED device on host plant settlement by greenhouse whitefly and currant-lettuce aphid
Creators: name: Niemann, Jan-Uwe
name: Poehling, Hans-Michael
Publisher: name: Berlin ; Heidelberg : Springer
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Blue–green opponency
subject: Host finding
subject: Host settlement
subject: Integrated pest management
subject: Light barrier
subject: N. ribisnigri
subject: T. vaporariorum
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::580 | Pflanzen (Botanik)

description: Manipulating phytophagous insects with light-based repelling techniques has shown its potential to be a useful tool in integrated pest management systems in the future. Underlying optical mechanisms can be applied in field and in protected cultivation, with reflecting materials or emitting light sources, such as LEDs. Many pest insects are characterised by their cryptic lifestyle to avoid intervening pest protection measurements. In addition, there is a high degree of resistance mechanisms against insecticides in certain species. The idea of most light-repelling techniques is to reduce the immigration and the settlement of pest species on hostplants before population growth even starts. We conducted experiments with narrow-banded blue LEDs arranged around the plants and emitting radiation towards the sky. For compact rosette Lactuca sativa and upright-branched Euphorbia pulcherrima, we tested the suitability of the measure on settlement of Trialeurodes vaporariorum in 2 choice experiments. In further choice experiments with reduced number of untreated plants, T. vaporariorum and Nasonovia ribisnigri were evaluated for the effect on hostplant settlement of the light barrier on lettuce plants under more practical conditions. The light barrier shows high repellent impact on hostplant settlement by greenhouse whitefly, independent of different plant architectures. The modified choice experiment showed strong decrease in hostplant settlement for greenhouse whitefly. For currant-lettuce aphid, tendencies are shown, but no statistical effect could be demonstrated. Possible applications and differences between the insect species used for the experiments are discussed.
Pressure-induced staging transition in TiS2 intercalation compounds
Creators: name: Liang, K.S.
name: Zhou, O.
name: Fischer, J.E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1991

description: Single-crystal diamond-anvil x-ray diffraction at 300 K reveals a reversible stage-1 to stage-2 transition in Ag0.35TiS2, with an onset pressure <1 kbar and coexisting stages up to 25 kbar. In contrast, no stages higher than 1 are observed in Li0.5TiS2 up to 55 kbar. We argue that the different behavior of Li and Ag intercalates cannot be understood in terms of a continuum elastic model but depends instead on the different interatomic distances and atomic radii.
Solar Business in an Oil-Rich Country? A Socio-Technical Investigation of Solar PV Businesses in Iran
Creators: name: Aghlimoghadam, Leila
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::300 Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie::300 Sozialwissenschaften
subject: energy transition
subject: market acceptance
subject: solar business
subject: driver
subject: barrier
subject: role
subject: oil-rich country
subject: Iran

description: Market acceptance of renewable energy technologies involves both the demand and supply sides, though the main empirical literature has focused on the demand side under the titles like public, communities, users’, market or even social acceptance. In this study, I focus on solar businesses (niche actors) as the suppliers of solar PV services in Iran. My main research questions are: (i) which factors drive solar businesses to establish and do business in the solar PV field despite the fossil-based economy and energy policies in Iran? (ii) what are the practical barriers to solar business in Iran? and (iii) which roles do Iranian solar businesses play in bringing solar PV development forward? I collected the data via 20 semi-structured interviews with solar businesspeople in diverse Provinces in Iran. Taking an inductive approach (Grounded Theory) toward the data, my results lead to significant insights: the dominance of intrinsic behavioural drivers over the major extrinsic barriers among Iranian solar businesspeople, moreover to their key roles in educating people and driving the innovative deployment of solar PV. This research helps to inform first, policymakers about the existing potential among solar businesses, and second the solar businesses themselves about adopting better business strategies.
Occurrence of an ultrafine particle mode less than 20 nm in diameter in the marine boundary layer during Arctic summer and autumn
Creators: name: Wiedensohler, Alfred
name: Covert, David S.
name: Swietlicki, Erik
name: Aalto, Pasi
name: Heintzenberg, Jost
name: Leck, Caroline
Publisher: name: Milton Park : Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: air mass type
subject: atmospheric particulates
subject: IAOE
subject: marine boundary layer
subject: oceanic boundary layer
subject: shipborne observation
subject: submicron aerosol mode
subject: ultrafine particle
subject: ultrafine particle mode
subject: 550

description: The International Arctic Ocean Expedition 1991 (IAOE-91) provided a platform to study the occurrence and size distributions of ultrafine particles in the marine boundary layer (MBL) during Arctic summer and autumn. Measurements of both aerosol physics, and gas/particulate chemistry were taken aboard the Swedish icebreaker Oden. Three separate submicron aerosol modes were found: an ultrafine mode (Dp < 20 nm), the Aitken mode (20 < Dp < 100 nm), and the accumulation mode (Dp > 100 nm). We evaluated correlations between ultrafine particle number concentrations and mean diameter with the entire measured physical, chemical, and meteorological data set. Multivariate statistical methods were then used to make these comparisons. A principal component (PC) analysis indicated that the observed variation in the data could be explained by the influence from several types of air masses. These were characterised by contributions from the open sea or sources from the surrounding continents and islands. A partial least square (PLS) regression of the ultrafine particle concentration was also used. These results implied that the ultrafine particles were produced above or in upper layers of the MBL and mixed downwards. There were also indications that the open sea acted as a source of the precursors for ultrafine particle production. No anti-correlation was found between the ultrafine and accumulation particle number concentrations, thus indicating that the sources were in separate air masses.
UTILIZATION OF MOLECULAR MARKERS TO DETECT SOME GENES AND MUTATIONS AFFECTING ECONOMIC TRAITS IN EGYPTIAN SHEEP BREEDS
Creators: name: Saleh, Ahmed
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Improving sheep production is strongly based on animal genetics as most of the quantitative economic traits have polygenetic nature. Molecular tools provide valuable knowledge that could contribute to enriching the information about genes underlying economical traits. In view of the lack of enough investigations about the genetic polymorphisms of production genes in Egyptian sheep breeds, the aims of this work were to study the differentiation ''polymorphisms'' in several candidate genes and their related to economic traits.
Cell-free mMIMO Support in the O-RAN Architecture: A PHY Layer Perspective for 5G and Beyond Networks
Creators: name: Ranjbar, Vida
name: Girycki, Adam
name: Rahman, Md Arifur
name: Pollin, Sofie
name: Moonen, Marc
name: Vinogradov, Evgenii
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: To keep supporting next-generation requirements, the radio access infrastructure will increasingly densify. Cell-free (CF) network architectures are emerging, combining dense deployments with extreme flexibility in allocating resources to users. In parallel, the Open Radio Access Networks (O-RAN) paradigm is transforming RAN towards an open, intelligent, virtualized, and fully interoperable architecture. This paradigm brings the needed flexibility and intelligent control opportunities for CF networking. In this paper, we document the current O-RAN terminology and contrast it with some common CF processing approaches. We then discuss the main O-RAN innovations and research challenges that remain to be solved.
Lie algebras of conservation laws of variational ordinary differential equations
Creators: name: Fiorani, Emanuele
name: Spiro, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 70S05, 70S10, 70G65

description: We establish a new version of the first Noether Theorem, according to which the (equivalence classes of) first integrals of given Euler-Lagrange equations in one independent variable are in exact one-to-one correspondence with the (equivalence classes of) vector fields satisfying two simple geometric conditions, namely they simultaneously preserve the holonomy distribution of the jets space and the action from which the Euler-Lagrange equations are derived.
description: 32 pages; to appear on Journal of Geometry and Physics
Toward Elucidating the Human Gut Microbiota-Brain Axis: Molecules, Biochemistry, and Implications for Health and Diseases
Creators: name: Ball, L.M.
name: Dhingra, R.
name: Lu, K.
name: Zhang, Z.
name: Lai, Y.
name: Zylka, M.J.
Publisher: name: American Chemical Society
Year: 2021

description: In recent years, a substantial amount of data have supported an active role of gut microbiota in mediating mammalian brain function and health. Mining gut microbiota and their metabolites for neuroprotection is enticing but requires that the fundamental biochemical details underlying such microbiota-brain crosstalk be deciphered. While a neuronal gut-brain axis (through the vagus nerve) is not disputable, accumulating studies also point to a humoral route (via blood/lymphatic circulation) by which innumerable microbial molecular cues translocate from local gut epithelia to circulation with potentials to further cross the blood-brain barrier and reach the brain. In this Perspective, we review a realm of gut microbial molecules to evaluate their fate, function, and neuroactivities in vivo as mediated by microbiota. We turn to seminal studies of neurophysiology and neurologic disease models for the elucidation of biochemical pathways that link microbiota to gut-brain signaling. In addition, we discuss opportunities and challenges for advancing the microbiota-brain axis field while calling for high-throughput discovery of microbial molecules and studies for resolving the interspecies, interorgan, and interclass interaction among these neuroactive microbial molecules.
Sulfur-Bearing Molecules In Massive Star-Forming Regions: Observations Of OCS, CS, H2S and SO
Creators: name: Li, Juan
name: Wang, Junzhi
name: Zhu, Qingfeng
name: Zhang, Jiangshui
name: Li, Di
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We studied sulfur chemistry of massive star-forming regions through single-dish submillimeter spectroscopy. OCS, O13CS, 13CS, H2S and SO transitions were observed toward a sample of massive star-forming regions with embedded UCH II or CH II regions. These sources could be divided into H II-hot core and H II-only sources based on their CH3CN emission. Our results show that the OCS line of thirteen sources is optically thick, with optical depth ranging from 5 to 16. Column densities of these molecules were computed under LTE conditions. CS column densities were also derived using its optically thin isotopologue 13CS. H2S is likely to be the most abundant gas-phase sulfuretted molecules in hot assive cores. Both the column density and abundance of sulfur-bearing molecules decrease significantly from H II-hot core to H II-only sources. Ages derived from hot core models appear to be consistent with star-formation theories, suggesting that abundance ratios of [CS]/[SO], [SO]/[OCS] and [OCS]/[CS] could be used as chemical clocks in massive star-forming regions.
description: 26 pages, 6 figures, accepted by ApJ
Willingness to provide informal care to older adults in Germany: a discrete choice experiment
Creators: name: De Jong, Lea
name: Schmidt, Torben
name: Stahmeyer, Jona Theodor
name: Eberhard, Sveja
name: Zeidler, Jan
name: Damm, Kathrin
Publisher: name: Heidelberg : Springer
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Discrete choice experiment
subject: Elderly care
subject: Long-term care
subject: Older adult care
subject: Preferences
subject: Willingness
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::610 | Medizin, Gesundheit

description: As the German population is continually aging and the majority of older adults still wish to ‘age in place’, the need for informal care provided by family and friends will correspondingly continue to increase. In addition, while the need for formal (professional) care services is also likely to increase, the supply already does not meet the demand in Germany today. The aim of our study is the elicitation of people’s willingness to provide informal care by means of a discrete choice experiment. The self-complete postal survey was disseminated to a random sample of the German general population in Lower Saxony. Data cleansing resulted in a final sample size of 280 participants. A conditional logit and a latent class model were estimated. All attributes were judged as highly relevant by the respondents. The results revealed that an increase in the care hours per day had the greatest negative impact overall on the willingness to provide informal care in our sample. The marginal willingness-to-accept for 1 h of informal care was €14.54 when having to provide informal care for 8 h in reference to 2 h per day. This value is considerably higher than the national minimum wage of €9.82. A three-class latent class model revealed preference heterogeneity. While a monetary compensation is often discussed to increase the willingness and availability of informal care in a country, our results show that this statement could not be generalized within our entire sample.
Charge carrier density-dependent Raman spectra of graphene encapsulated in hexagonal boron nitride
Creators: name: Sonntag, Jens
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Beschoten, Bernd
name: Stampfer, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present low-temperature Raman measurements on gate tunable graphene encapsulated in hexagonal boron nitride, which allows to study in detail the Raman G and 2D mode frequencies and line widths as function of the charge carrier density. We observe a clear softening of the Raman G mode (of up to 2.5 cm$^{-1}$) at low carrier density due to the phonon anomaly and a residual G~mode line width of $\approx$ 3.5 cm$^{-1}$ at high doping. From analyzing the G mode dependence on doping and laser power we extract an electron-phonon-coupling constant of $\approx$ 4.4 $\times$ 10$^{-3}$ (for the G mode phonon). The ultra-flat nature of encapsulated graphene results in a minimum Raman 2D peak line width of 14.5 cm$^{-1}$ and allows to observe the intrinsic electron-electron scattering induced broadening of the 2D peak of up to 18 cm$^{-1}$ for an electron density of 5$\times$10$^{12}$ cm$^{-2}$ (laser excitation energy of 2.33 eV). Our findings not only provide insights into electron-phonon coupling and the role of electron-electron scattering for the broadening of the 2D peak, but also crucially shows the limitations when it comes to the use of Raman spectroscopy (i.e. the use of the frequencies and the line widths of the G and 2D modes) to benchmark graphene in terms of charge carrier density, strain and strain inhomogenities. This is particularly relevant when utilizing spatially-resolved 2D Raman line width maps to assess substrate-induced nanometer-scale strain variations.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
Effects of Tropical Sea Surface Temperature Variability on Northern Hemisphere Tropical Cyclone Genesis
Creators: name: Mei, W.
name: Xie, S.-P.
name: Li, S.
Publisher: name: American Meteorological Society
Year: 2022

description: This study quantifies the contributions of tropical sea surface temperature (SST) variations during the boreal warm season to the interannual-to-decadal variability in tropical cyclone genesis frequency (TCGF) over the Northern Hemisphere ocean basins. The first seven leading modes of tropical SST variability are found to affect basinwide TCGF in one or more basins, and are related to canonical El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), global warming (GW), the Pacific meridional mode (PMM), Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO), Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), and the Atlantic meridional mode (AMM). These modes account for approximately 58%, 50%, and 56% of the variance in basinwide TCGF during 1969–2018 over the North Atlantic (NA), northeast Pacific (NEP), and northwest Pacific (NWP) Oceans, respectively. The SST effect is weak on TCGF variability in the north Indian Ocean. The SST modes dominating TCGF variability differ among the basins: ENSO, the AMO, AMM, and GW are dominant for the NA; ENSO and the AMO for the NEP; and the PMM, interannual AMO, and GW for the NWP. A specific mode may have opposite effects on TCGF in different basins, particularly between the NA and NEP. Sliding-window multiple linear regression analyses show that the SST effects on basinwide TCGF are stable in time in the NA and NWP, but have strengthened since the 1990s in the NEP. The SST effects on local TC genesis and occurrence frequency are also explored, and the underlying physical mechanisms are examined by diagnosing a genesis potential index and its components.
Thermal Stability and Melting Dynamics of Bimetallic Au@Pt@Au Core-Shell Nanoparticles
Creators: name: Borysiuk, Vadym
name: Lyashenko, Iakov A.
name: Popov, Valentin L.
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik
subject: bimetallic nanoparticles
subject: core-shell structure
subject: melting
subject: molecular dynamics
subject: Lindemann index

description: Thermal stability is an important feature of the materials used as components and parts of sensors and other devices of nanoelectronics. Here we report the results of the computational study of the thermal stability of the triple layered Au@Pt@Au core-shell nanoparticles, which are promising materials for H2O2 bi-directional sensing. A distinct feature of the considered sample is the raspberry-like shape, due to the presence of Au nanoprotuberances on its surface. The thermal stability and melting of the samples were studied within classical molecular dynamics simulations. Interatomic forces were computed within the embedded atom method. To investigate the thermal properties of Au@Pt@Au nanoparticles, structural parameters such as Lindemann indexes, radial distribution functions, linear distributions of concentration, and atomistic configurations were calculated. As the performed simulations showed, the raspberry-like structure of the nanoparticle was preserved up to approximately 600 K, while the general core-shell structure was maintained up to approximately 900 K. At higher temperatures, the destruction of the initial fcc crystal structure and core-shell composition was observed for both considered samples. As Au@Pt@Au nanoparticles demonstrated high sensing performance due to their unique structure, the obtained results may be useful for the further design and fabrication of the nanoelectronic devices that are required to work within a certain range of temperatures.
Optimum High-k Oxide for the Best Performance of Ultra-scaled Double-Gate MOSFETs
Creators: name: Salmani-Jelodar, Mehdi
name: Ilatikhameneh, Hesameddin
name: Kim, SungGeun
name: Ng, Kwok
name: Klimeck, Gerhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A widely used technique to mitigate the gate leakage in the ultra-scaled metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) is the use of high-k dielectrics, which provide the same equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) as $\rm SiO_2$, but thicker physical layers. However, using a thicker physical dielectric for the same EOT has a negative effect on the device performance due to the degradation of 2D electrostatics. In this letter, the effects of high-k oxides on double-gate (DG) MOSFET with the gate length under 20 nm are studied. We find that there is an optimum physical oxide thickness ($\rm T_{OX}$) for each gate stack, including $\rm SiO_2$ interface layer and one high-k material. For the same EOT, $\rm Al_2O_3$ (k=9) over 3 $\rmÅ$ $\rm SiO_2$ provides the best performance, while for $\rm HfO_2$ (k=20) and $\rm La_2O_3$ (k=30), $\rm SiO_2$ thicknesses should be 5 $\rmÅ$ and 7 $\rmÅ$, respectively. The effects of using high-k oxides and gate stacks on the performance of ultra-scaled MOSFETs are analyzed. While thin oxide thickness increases the gate leakage, the thick oxide layer reduces the gate control on the channel. Therefore, the physical thicknesses of gate stack should be optimized to achieve the best performance.
description: 5 pages
Progenitor, environment, and modelling of the interacting transient AT 2016jbu (Gaia16cfr)
Creators: name: Brown, P.J.
name: Hsiao, E.
name: Schweyer, T.
name: Hanlon, L.
name: Udalski, A.
name: Bento, J.
name: Chen, T.-W.
name: Van Soelen, B.
name: Soszyński, I.
name: Morrell, N.
name: Stevance, H.F.
name: Kuncarayakti, H.
name: Bose, S.
name: Martin-Carrillo, A.
name: Tucker, B.E.
name: Harrison, D.L.
name: Cartier, R.
name: Van Leeuwen, M.
name: Nicholl, M.
name: Monard, B.
name: Benetti, S.
name: Mccully, C.
name: Kozłowski, S.
name: O'neill, D.
name: Callis, E.
name: Hiramatsu, D.
name: Delgado, A.
name: Szymański, M.
name: Müller-Bravo, T.E.
name: Eldridge, J.J.
name: Gutierrez, C.P.
name: Pietrukowicz, P.
name: Abbot, H.
name: Maguire, K.
name: Elias-Rosa, N.
name: Pastorello, A.
name: Chen, P.
name: Poleski, R.
name: Dennefeld, M.
name: Ulaczyk, K.
name: Wyrzykowski, L.
name: Blondin, S.
name: Rau, A.
name: Skowron, J.
name: Hodgkin, S.T.
name: Duffy, P.
name: Meintjes, P.
name: Johansson, J.
name: Pignata, G.
name: Brennan, S.J.
name: Galbany, L.
name: Sollerman, J.
name: Shahbandeh, M.
name: Stritzinger, M.D.
name: Holoien, T.W.-S.
name: Sand, D.
name: Kotak, R.
name: Howell, D.A.
name: Smartt, S.J.
name: Dong, S.
name: Shappee, B.J.
name: Fraser, M.
name: Inserra, C.
name: Young, D.R.
name: Prieto, J.L.
name: Reichart, D.E.
name: Gromadzki, M.
name: Hosseinzadeh, G.
name: Tartaglia, L.
name: Kankare, E.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2022

description: We present the bolometric light curve, identification and analysis of the progenitor candidate, and preliminary modelling of AT 2016jbu (Gaia16cfr). We find a progenitor consistent with a ∼22-25 M⊙ yellow hypergiant surrounded by a dusty circumstellar shell, in agreement with what has been previously reported. We see evidence for significant photometric variability in the progenitor, as well as strong Hα emission consistent with pre-existing circumstellar material. The age of the environment, as well as the resolved stellar population surrounding AT 2016jbu, supports a progenitor age of >10 Myr, consistent with a progenitor mass of ∼22 M⊙. A joint analysis of the velocity evolution of AT 2016jbu and the photospheric radius inferred from the bolometric light curve shows the transient is consistent with two successive outbursts/explosions. The first outburst ejected material with velocity ∼650 km s-1, while the second, more energetic event ejected material at ∼4500 km s-1. Whether the latter is the core collapse of the progenitor remains uncertain. We place a limit on the ejected 56Ni mass of <0.016 M⊙. Using the Binary Population And Spectral Synthesis (BPASS) code, we explore a wide range of possible progenitor systems and find that the majority of these are in binaries, some of which are undergoing mass transfer or common-envelope evolution immediately prior to explosion. Finally, we use the SuperNova Explosion Code (SNEC) to demonstrate that the low-energy explosions within some of these binary systems, together with sufficient circumstellar material, can reproduce the overall morphology of the light curve of AT 2016jbu.
Hybrid variation-perturbation method for calculating rovibrational energy levels of polyatomic molecules
Creators: name: Pavlyuchko, A. I.
name: Yurchenko, S. N.
name: Tennyson, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A procedure for calculation of rotation-vibration states of medium sized molecules is presented. It combines the advantages of variational calculations and perturbation theory. The vibrational problem is solved by diagonalizing a Hamiltonian matrix, which is partitioned into two sub-blocks. The first, smaller sub-block includes matrix elements with the largest contribution to the energy levels targeted in the calculations. The second, larger sub-block comprises those basis states which have little effect on these energy levels. Numerical perturbation theory, implemented as a Jacobi rotation, is used to compute the contributions from the matrix elements of the second sub-block. Only the first sub-block needs to be stored in memory and diagonalized. Calculations of the vibrational-rotational energy levels also employ a partitioning of the Hamiltonian matrix into sub-blocks, each of which corresponds either to a single vibrational state or a set of resonating vibrational states, with all associated rotational levels. Physically, this partitioning is efficient when the Coriolis coupling between different vibrational states is small. Numerical perturbation theory is used to include the cross-contributions from different vibrational states. Separate individual sub-blocks are then diagonalized, replacing the diagonalization of a large Hamiltonian matrix with a number of small matrix diagonalizations. Numerical examples show that the proposed hybrid variational-perturbation method greatly speeds up the variational procedure without significant loss of precision for both vibrational-rotational energy levels and transition intensities. The hybrid scheme can be used for accurate nuclear motion calculations on molecules with up to 15 atoms on currently available computers.
description: Molecular Physics (Handy Special Issue), in press
Multimodal system for optical biopsy of melanoma with integrated ultrasound, optical coherence tomography and Raman spectroscopy
Creators: name: Fedorov Kukk, Anatoly
name: Wu, Di
name: Gaffal, Evelyn
name: Panzer, Rüdiger
name: Emmert, Steffen
name: Roth, Bernhard
Publisher: name: Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-VCH
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: multimodal setup
subject: optical coherence tomography
subject: Raman spectroscopy
subject: skin cancer diagnostics
subject: ultrasound
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::610 | Medizin, Gesundheit

description: We introduce a new single-head multimodal optical system that integrates optical coherence tomography (OCT), 18 MHz ultrasound (US) tomography and Raman spectroscopy (RS), allowing for fast (<2 min) and noninvasive skin cancer diagnostics and lesion depth measurement. The OCT can deliver structural and depth information of smaller skin lesions (<1 mm), while the US allows to measure the penetration depth of thicker lesions (≥4 mm), and the RS analyzes the chemical composition from a small chosen spot (≤300 μm) that can be used to distinguish between benign and malignant melanoma. The RS and OCT utilize the same scanning and optical setup, allowing for co-localized measurements. The US on the other side is integrated with an acoustical reflector, which enables B-mode measurements on the same position as OCT and RS. The US B-mode scans can be translated across the sample by laterally moving the US transducer, which is made possible by the developed adapter with a flexible membrane. We present the results on custom-made liquid and agar phantoms that show the resolution and depth capabilities of the setup, as well as preliminary ex vivo measurements on mouse models with ∼4.3 mm thick melanoma.
Comparative analysis of IGFBP-3 gene sequence in Egyptian sheep, cattle, and buffalo
Creators: name: Saleh, Ahmed
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Objective: A total of 205 animals from four Egyptian livestock species; cattle (n = 18), buﬀaloes (n = 12), sheep (n = 150) and goats (n = 25) were used in this study to detect polymorphism and perform comparative analysis for IGFBP-3 gene using DNA sequencing and (PCR–RFLP).
Results: The ampliﬁed fragments were found to be of length 654 bp in sheep, 651 bp in cattle and 655 bp in buﬀalo. For Falahy goats, PCR was performed to amplify a 316 bp fragment from exon 2 of the IGFBP-3 gene. The digestion of 654 bp with HaeIII restriction enzyme yielded a single restriction pattern for goats, while for cattle, 3 genotypes were identiﬁed; (AA), (AB), and (BB). Moreover, for buﬀalo one genotype (AA) only was found with HaeIII and TaqI restriction enzymes, separately. Also, the digestion proﬁle for goats with HaeIII revealed one pattern only. Nucleotide sequencing of the ampliﬁed fragments of IGFBP-3 gene in sheep, cattle, buﬀalo, and goat was submitted to the NCBI GenBank (Accession no. MG738671.1, MG738673.1, MG738674.1, and MG738672.1, respectively). The nucleotide sequencing analysis indicated similarity percentages in IGFBP-3 gene fragments of 88.54, 89.63 and 95.06% between “sheep and cattle”, “sheep and buﬀalo”, and “cattle and buﬀalo”, respectively.
Lithium abundances in giants as a function of stellar mass: An evidence for He-flash as the source of Li enhancement in low mass giants
Creators: name: Mallick, Anohita
name: Singh, Raghubar
name: Reddy, Bacham E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we studied the distribution of lithium abundances in giants as a function of stellar mass. We used a sample of 1240 giants common among Kepler photometric and LAMOST medium resolution (R $\approx$ 7500) spectroscopic survey fields. The asteroseismic $Δ$P - $Δν$ diagram is used to define core He-burning red clump giants and red giant branch stars with inert He-core. Li abundances have been derived using spectral synthesis for the entire sample stars. Directly measured values of asteroseismic parameters $Δ$P(or $ΔΠ_1$) and $Δν$ are either taken from the literature or measured in this study. Of the 777 identified red clump giants, we found 668 low mass ($\leq$ 2~M$_{\odot}$) primary red clump giants and 109 high mass ($>$ 2~M$_{\odot}$) secondary red clump giants. Observed Li abundances in secondary red clump giants agree with the theoretical model predictions. The lack of Li-rich giants among secondary red clump giants and the presence of Li-rich, including super Li-rich giants, among primary red clump stars reinforces the idea that Helium-flash holds the key for Li enrichment among low-mass giants. The results will further constrain theoretical models searching for a physical mechanism for Li enhancement among low-mass red clump giants. Results also serve as observational evidence that only giants with mass less than $\approx$ 2~M$_{\odot}$ develop degenerate He-core and undergo He-flash.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, 1 table, accepted in Astrophysical Journal Letters
"Comparative study of endoscopic transcanal tympanoplasty with tympanoplasty by conventional post aural aproach"
Creators: name: Kaur, Jasleen
name: Deshmukh, P T
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: chronic otitis media, tympanoplasty, endoscopic, postauricular, platelet rich plasma

description: Tympanoplasty and myringoplasty are common surgical procedures used to treat chronic otitis media, a condition that can lead to hearing loss. The size and location of the perforation, the surgical method employed, the presence of otorrhea, and the Eustachian tube size all affect the outcome of tympanoplasty even the existence of an unobserved septal focus and tube function. Myringoplasty is a surgical treatment that solely repairs the tympanic membrane, leaving the middle ear and ossicles unaltered. The treatment of middle ear disorders, repair of the perforated tympanic membrane, and restoration of hearing loss are all part of tympanoplasty, on the other hand. Various ear procedures, such as myringoplasty and tympanoplasty, use a variety of techniques, such as endaural, transcanal, and postauricular. The success of tympanoplasty is enhanced by the use of platelet rich plasma (PRP), which improves surgical outcomes in tympanoplasty and promotes more rapid and effective healing in the middle ear cavity. Traditionally, this procedure has been performed using a conventional post-aural approach. However, recent advancements in endoscopic techniques have led to the development of endoscopic transcanal tympanoplasty as an alternative approach. While both techniques aim to achieve closure of the tympanic membrane perforation, there has been limited research comparing the outcomes of these two approaches. This study aims to compare the outcomes of endoscopic transcanal tympanoplasty with tympanoplasty by conventional post-aural approach. The endoscopic transcanal tympanoplasty group undergoes surgery using an endoscope, while the conventional post-aural approach group undergoes surgery using a microscope. The aim of the study is to compare both techniques. To ensure successful outcomes for patients with chronic otitis media, it is important to consider and address the various factors that can impact the success of these surgical procedures. Proper surgical technique and careful consideration of individual patient factors can help achieve optimal outcomes for those undergoing myringoplasty or tympanoplasty.