cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Methods in causal inference. Part 1: causal diagrams and confounding
Creators: name: Bulbulia, Joseph
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 43
subject: History, heritage and archaeology
classificationCode: 4301
subject: Archaeology
classificationCode: 4401
subject: Anthropology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Causal inference requires contrasting counterfactual states under specified interventions. Obtaining these contrasts from data depends on explicit assumptions and careful, multi-step workflows. Causal diagrams are crucial for clarifying the identifiability of counterfactual contrasts from data. Here, I explain how to use causal directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) to determine if and how causal effects can be identified from non-experimental observational data, offering practical reporting tips and suggestions to avoid common pitfalls.
Methods in causal inference. Part 2: Interaction, mediation, and time-varying treatments
Creators: name: Bulbulia, Joseph
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 43
subject: History, heritage and archaeology
classificationCode: 4301
subject: Archaeology
classificationCode: 4401
subject: Anthropology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: The analysis of ‘moderation’, ‘interaction’, ‘mediation’ and ‘longitudinal growth’ is widespread in the human sciences, yet subject to confusion. To clarify these concepts, it is essential to state causal estimands, which requires the specification of counterfactual contrasts for a target population on an appropriate scale. Once causal estimands are defined, we must consider their identification. I employ causal directed acyclic graphs and single world intervention graphs to elucidate identification workflows. I show that when multiple treatments exist, common methods for statistical inference, such as multi-level regressions and statistical structural equation models, cannot typically recover the causal quantities we seek. By properly framing and addressing causal questions of interaction, mediation, and time-varying treatments, we can expose the limitations of popular methods and guide researchers to a clearer understanding of the causal questions that animate our interests.
Additional file 5 of Dual indexed library design enables compatibility of in-Drop single-cell RNA-sequencing with exAMP chemistry sequencing platforms
Creators: name: Southard-Smith, Austin N.
name: Simmons, Alan J.
name: Chen, Bob
name: Jones, Angela L.
name: Solano, Marisol A. Ramirez
name: Vega, Paige N.
name: Cherie’ R. Scurrah
name: Zhao, Yue
name: Brenan, Michael J.
name: Jiekun Xuan
name: Shrubsole, Martha J.
name: Ely B. Porter
name: Chen, Xi
name: Brenan, Colin J. H.
name: Liu, Qi
name: Quigley, Lauren N. M.
name: Lau, Ken S.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Additional file 5: Supplementary file 3.
Physics of cuprates with the two-band Hubbard model - The validity of the one-band Hubbard model
Creators: name: Macridin, A.
name: Maier, Th.
name: Jarrell, M.
name: Sawatzky, G. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the properties of the two-band Hubbard model using the Dynamical Cluster Approximation. The phase diagram resembles the generic phase diagram of the cuprates, showing a strong asymmetry with respect to electron and hole doped regimes, in agreement with experiment. Asymmetric features are also seen in one-particle spectral functions and in the charge, spin and d-wave pairing susceptibility functions. We address the possible reduction of the two-band model to a low-energy single-band one, as it was suggested by Zhang and Rice. Comparing the two-band Hubbard model properties with the single-band Hubbard model ones, we have found similar low-energy physics provided that the next-nearest-neighbor hopping term t' has a significant value ($t'/t \approx 0.3$). The parameter t' is the main culprit for the electron-hole asymmetry. However, a significant value of t' cannot be provided in a strict Zhang and Rice picture where the extra holes added into the system bind to the existing Cu holes forming local singlets. We notice that by considering approximate singlet states, such as plaquette ones, reasonable values of t', which capture qualitatively the physics of the two-band model can be obtained. We conclude that a single-band t-t'-U Hubbard model captures the basic physics of the cuprates concerning superconductivity, antiferromagnetism, pseudogap and electron-hole asymmetry, but is not suitable for a quantitative analysis or to describe physical properties involving energy scales larger than about 0.5 eV.
description: 14 pages, 16 figures
Additional file 1 of Protocol for a randomized controlled trial comparing wound COmplications in elective midline laparotomies after FAscia Closure using two different Techniques Of Running sutures: COFACTOR trial
Creators: name: Charif, Mohamad Hadi El
name: Hassan, Zeina
name: Hoballah, Jamal
name: Khalife, Mohamad
name: Sbaity, Eman
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 1. Consent to participate in a research study.
Additional file 2 of Dual indexed library design enables compatibility of in-Drop single-cell RNA-sequencing with exAMP chemistry sequencing platforms
Creators: name: Southard-Smith, Austin N.
name: Simmons, Alan J.
name: Chen, Bob
name: Jones, Angela L.
name: Solano, Marisol A. Ramirez
name: Vega, Paige N.
name: Cherie’ R. Scurrah
name: Zhao, Yue
name: Brenan, Michael J.
name: Jiekun Xuan
name: Shrubsole, Martha J.
name: Ely B. Porter
name: Chen, Xi
name: Brenan, Colin J. H.
name: Liu, Qi
name: Quigley, Lauren N. M.
name: Lau, Ken S.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Additional file 2: Supplementary Table 1. Cost of Sequencing for inDrop. Supplementary Table 2. Evaluation of two TruDrop libraries’ raw yield and quality in low-throughput sequencing run on the iSeq 100. Supplementary Table 3. 24 TruDrop libraries raw data yield and quality in combined high-throughput sequencing run on the NovaSeq. Supplementary Table 4. 37 inDrop library quality scores from TruDrop on NovaSeq and V2 on NextSeq. Supplementary Table 5. inDrop library alignment metrics from TruDrop on NovaSeq and V2 on NextSeq. Supplementary Table 6. Diversity of UMI’s and genes expressed for cells sequenced with the TruDrop structure.
Tronhiem i Norge / [William Allingham]
Creators: name: Allingham, William
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0

description: Over tit.: Miscanellies &c. : selected from various Authors of England, Dennamark, Norway &c. S.1-10 består av slike sitater, resten er William Allinghams reisedagbok fra Trondhjem.
Towards muon-electron scattering at NNLO
Creators: name: Calame, C. M. Carloni
name: Chiesa, M.
name: Hasan, Syed Mehedi
name: Montagna, G.
name: Nicrosini, O.
name: Piccinini, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recently proposed MUonE experiment at CERN aims at providing a novel determination of the leading order hadronic contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment through the study of elastic muon-electron scattering at relatively small momentum transfer. The anticipated accuracy of the order of 10ppm demands for high-precision predictions, including all the relevant radiative corrections. The theoretical formulation for the fixed-order NNLO photonic radiative corrections is described and the impact of the numerical results obtained with the corresponding Monte Carlo code is discussed for typical event selections of the MUonE experiment. In particular, the gauge-invariant subsets of corrections due to electron radiation as well as to muon radiation are treated exactly. The two-loop contribution due to diagrams where at least two virtual photons connect the electron and muon lines is approximated taking inspiration from the classical Yennie-Frautschi-Suura approach. The calculation and its Monte Carlo implementation pave the way towards the realization of a simulation code incorporating the full set of NNLO corrections matched to multiple photon radiation, that will be ultimately needed for data analysis.
description: 25 pages, 12 figures. One figure added, minor corrections implemented. Main results unchanged. References added and updated. Version accepted for publication on JHEP
Environmental Regulations and the Structure of U.S. Hog Farms
Creators: name: Nene, Gibson
name: Azzam, Azzeddine M.
name: Schoengold, Karina
name: Nene, Gibson
name: Azzam, Azzeddine M.
name: Schoengold, Karina
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Perfect competition
subject: U.S. hog production industry
subject: Environmental regulations

description: The U.S hog production industry has been continually subjected to rapid structural changes since the early 1990s. The industry's move towards more concentrated large hog farms and geographical concentration of such farms, have triggered public concerns over the dangers such big animal feeding operations are likely to pose to the waters of the country. This study investigates the implications of state-level environmental regulations on the structure of hog farms. The results of this study suggest that environmental regulations will result in one of three possible scenarios: (1) a more competitive industry in which small hog operations are not adversely affected which will allow more small operations to enter rather than exit the industry; (2) a more concentrated hog production industry in which large operations survive while small operations exit the industry; (3) no change in the structure of the industry where both sizes of operations are not significantly affected by environmental stringency.
The Role of Architecture in the Elastic Response of Semiflexible Polymer and Fiber Networks
Creators: name: Heussinger, Claus
name: Frey, Erwin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the elasticity of cross-linked networks of thermally fluctuating stiff polymers. As compared to their purely mechanical counterparts, it is shown that these thermal networks have a qualitatively different elastic response. By accounting for the entropic origin of the single-polymer elasticity, the networks acquire a strong susceptibility to polydispersity and structural randomness that is completely absent in athermal models. In extensive numerical studies we systematically vary the architecture of the networks and identify a wealth of phenomena that clearly show the strong dependence of the emergent macroscopic moduli on the underlying mesoscopic network structure. In particular, we highlight the importance of the full polymer length that to a large extent controls the elastic response of the network, surprisingly, even in parameter regions where it does not enter the macroscopic moduli explicitly. We provide theoretical scaling arguments to relate the observed macroscopic elasticity to the physical mechanisms on the microscopic and the mesoscopic scale.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures, (v3) final version
“Poor stays poor” - Household asset poverty traps in rural semi-arid India
Creators: name: Naschold, Felix
name: Naschold, Felix
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Household Welfare Dynamics
subject: Semiparametric Estimation
subject: Penalized Splines
subject: India
subject: Panel Data
subject: Asset Poverty

description: Although identifying the existence and the nature of household-level poverty traps would have important implications for the design of poverty reduction policies empirical evidence is still scant. A small, but growing empirical literature has begun testing for poverty traps as thresholds in non-linear welfare dynamics. Employing a variety of quantitative methods it has produced a variety of conclusions. This paper uses a uniquely long household panel from three villages in rural India to examine whether the detection of poverty traps may be contingent on the quantitative method used to model household welfare dynamics. It then employs a novel semiparametric panel data estimator that combines the advantages of the existing methods. Since in the context of dynamic poverty traps we are primarily concerned with expected, structural well-being it measures household welfare in assets. Structural immobility in these Indian villages is pervasive. Household asset holdings are stagnant over time. Absent any structural changes, the currently poor are likely to remain poor, suggesting a strong type of poverty trap that is qualitatively different from a dynamic thresholds-type poverty trap. While all types of households face static asset holdings, higher castes, larger landholders and more educated households are significantly less likely to be poor.
Additional file 1 of Dual indexed library design enables compatibility of in-Drop single-cell RNA-sequencing with exAMP chemistry sequencing platforms
Creators: name: Southard-Smith, Austin N.
name: Simmons, Alan J.
name: Chen, Bob
name: Jones, Angela L.
name: Solano, Marisol A. Ramirez
name: Vega, Paige N.
name: Cherie’ R. Scurrah
name: Zhao, Yue
name: Brenan, Michael J.
name: Jiekun Xuan
name: Shrubsole, Martha J.
name: Ely B. Porter
name: Chen, Xi
name: Brenan, Colin J. H.
name: Liu, Qi
name: Quigley, Lauren N. M.
name: Lau, Ken S.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Figure 1. Comparison of amplification of TruDrop and inDrop V2 primers during library preparation. (A) Diagnostic qPCR amplification curves comparing performance of all TruDrop primer pairs to V2 primers, all performed on the same sample. (B) Ct values of A. Supplementary Figure 2. Comparison of the library size distributions for TruDrop and inDrop V2 structured libraries during library preparation. (A) A BioAnalyzer profile of the size distribution of a V2 structured library. The spikes at 35 bp and 10,380 bp are controls. The numbers above the profile indicate the timepoints at which the various peaks were measured. (B) A BioAnalyzer profile of the size distribution of a TruDrop structured library. The spikes at 35 bp and 10,380 bp are controls. The numbers above the profile indicate the timepoints at which the various peaks were measured. (C) Plot of the average library size as determined via a BioAnalyzer for inDrop V2 libraries and TruDrop libraries. The median value is marked with a dotted line and a 95% confidence interval for the median is shown. Supplementary Figure 3. Comparison of sequence alignment metrics of inDrop V2 on NextSeq and TruDrop on NovaSeq. (A) Plot of the percent of reads with Valid Barcodes in 11 inDrop V2 mouse libraries and 23 TruDrop mouse libraries. The Median value is marked with a dotted line and a 95% confidence interval for the median is shown. (B) Plot of the percent of reads that uniquely align to a section of the mouse genome for inDrop V2 libraries and TruDrop libraries. The median value is marked with a dotted line and a 95% confidence interval for the median is shown. (C) Plot of the percent of reads that contain valid cell barcodes and a transcript that uniquely aligns to a section of the mouse genome for inDrop V2 libraries and TruDrop libraries. The median value is marked with a dotted line and a 95% confidence interval for the median is shown. Supplementary Figure 4. Another comparison of cell types identified between inDrop V2 on NextSeq and TruDrop on NovaSeq. (A) t-SNE and (B) sc-UniFrac analysis as performed in Fig. 5.
Additional file 1 of Evaluation of the association between presenteeism and perceived availability of social support among hospital doctors in Zhejiang, China
Creators: name: Xiaoyu Xi
name: Qianni Lu
name: Mengqing Lu
name: Xu, Ailin
name: Hu, Hao
name: Ung, Carolina Oi Lam
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1.
Angular analysis of bremsstrahlung in alpha decay
Creators: name: Maydanyuk, Sergei P.
name: Olkhovsky, Vladislav S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new quantum electrodynamical method of calculations of bremsstrahlung spectra in the $α$-decay of heavy nuclei taking into account the angle between the directions of $α$-particle motion (or its tunneling) and photon emission is presented. The angular bremsstrahlung spectra for $^{210}{Po}$ have been obtained for the first time. According to calculations, the bremsstrahlung in the $α$-decay of this nucleus depends extremely weakly on the angle. Taking into account nuclear forces, such dependence is not changed visibly. An analytical formula of the angular dependence of the bremsstrahlung spectra is proposed and gives its harmonic behavior. The extremal values of the angle, at which the bremsstrahlung has maximal and minimal values, has been found.
description: 15 pages, 1 file of figure in EPS format, LaTeX v.2e with EPJ style. In the new variant of the paper: 1) more attention is given to a convergence problem of computer calculations of the bremsstrahlung spectra; 2) a new section with inclusion of Woods-Saxon component in construction of the total realistic $\alpha$-nucleus potential into our model (with our first brermsstrahlung spectra for $^{210}{Po}$ at such potential) is included into the paper; 3) possible ways of further improvement of the quantum-mechanical models are pointed out
Additional file 1 of Outcomes of inpatient psychological treatments for children and adolescents with eating disorders at time of discharge: a systematic review
Creators: name: Isserlin, Leanna
name: Spettigue, Wendy
name: Norris, Mark
name: Couturier, Jennifer
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Database Search Strategies.
The Cost Structure of Emissions Abatement through the Clean Development Mechanism
Creators: name: Rahman, Shaikh Mahfuzur
name: Larson, Donald F.
name: Dinar, Ariel
name: Rahman, Shaikh Mahfuzur
name: Larson, Donald F.
name: Dinar, Ariel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Cost Emissions Abatement Clean Development Mechanism

description: This paper examines the cost structure of emissions abatement through different types of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects. Alternative models for abatement costs are specified and estimated using CDM project-specific data. Empirical results indicate that there exist economies of scale in emission abatement through the CDM projects, and that the marginal cost of abatement significantly varies across different types of projects. The distribution of various CDM project types corresponds to the relative attractiveness of the types, in terms of the structure of the estimated marginal cost function. Thus, empirical results suggest that the CDM market operates efficiently and sends the right signals to the investors, which further explains the shying away from costly carbon sequestration projects funded by many international development agencies, such as the World Bank. Contrary to the hypothesis that that the marginal costs of abatement through CDM decrease over time due to experience or learning by doing, empirical results show non-decreasing marginal cost of abatement over time. This finding suggests that there may be other incentives to invest in certain types of CDM projects in specific locations, thus implying location-specificity of various investment opportunities. While non-decreasing marginal cost of abatement over time implies a tougher prospect for CDM in future commitment periods, the current growth pattern of the CDM suggests that this flexibility provision of the Kyoto Protocol is still highly attractive for the host and investor countries.
China's Growth, World Food Prices, and Developing Countries Exports
Creators: name: Villoria, Nelson
name: Villoria, Nelson
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: gravity
subject: China
subject: food prices

description: This paper explores the impacts of China's growth in the international markets of agricultural products. These impacts are important because they are related to two different ongoing discussions about the role of China in the world economy. One of these discussions have to do with China as a source of price inflation while the other has to do with China as an engine of growth for developing countries, in this case, through increased export opportunities. Our results suggest that China has been a source of aggregated mild price inflation in the largest developed economies that occupy the first ranks as food importers. This is probably related to a more intense pressure on world food supplies. When we look at the counterfactual exports of selected exporters, we find that few countries in Latin America (Brazil, Peru), and in Asia (Malaysia, Indonesia), have benefited from China's increased food demand.
Large photoluminescence enhancement by an out-of-plane magnetic field in exfoliated WS$_2$ flakes
Creators: name: Sun, Sibai
name: Dang, Jianchen
name: Xie, Xin
name: Yu, Yang
name: Yang, Longlong
name: Xiao, Shan
name: Wu, Shiyao
name: Peng, Kai
name: Song, Feilong
name: Wang, Yunuan
name: Yang, Jingnan
name: Qian, Chenjiang
name: Zuo, Zhanchun
name: Xu, Xiulai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report an out-of-plane magnetic field induced large photoluminescence enhancement in WS${}_2$ flakes at $4$ K, in contrast to the photoluminescence enhancement provided by in-plane field in general. Two mechanisms for the enhancement are proposed. One is a larger overlap of electron and hole caused by the magnetic field induced confinement. The other is that the energy difference between $Λ$ and K valleys is reduced by magnetic field, and thus enhancing the corresponding indirect-transition trions. Meanwhile, the Landé g factor of the trion is measured as $-0.8$, whose absolute value is much smaller than normal exciton, which is around $|-4|$. A model for the trion g factor is presented, confirming that the smaller absolute value of Landé g factor is a behavior of this $Λ$-K trion. By extending the valley space, we believe this work provides a further understanding of the valleytronics in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures
Radiatively Inefficient Accretion Flow in the Nucleus of NGC 1097
Creators: name: Nemmen, Rodrigo S.
name: Storchi-Bergmann, Thaisa
name: Yuan, Feng
name: Eracleous, Michael
name: Terashima, Yuichi
name: Wilson, Andrew S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a model for the accretion flow around the supermassive black hole in the LINER nucleus of NGC 1097 which fits the optical to X-ray spectral energy distribution (SED). The X-ray segment of the SED is based on observations with the Chandra X-Ray Observatory, which are reported here for the first time. The inner part of the flow is modeled as a radiatively inefficient accretion flow (RIAF) and the outer part as a standard thin disk. The value of the transition radius (~225 Schwarzschild radii) between the RIAF and outer thin disk was obtained from our previous fitting of the double-peaked Balmer emission line profile, which originates in the thin disk. The black hole mass was inferred from measurements of the stellar velocity dispersion in the host galaxy. When these parameters are used in the accretion flow model, the SED can be successfully reproduced, which shows that the line profile model and the accretion flow model are consistent with each other. A small remaining excess in the near-UV is accounted by the contribution of an obscured starburst located within 9 pc from the nucleus, as we reported in an earlier paper. The radio flux is consistent with synchrotron emission of a relativistic jet modeled by means of the internal shock scenario. In an appendix we also analyze the Chandra X-ray observations of the ~1 kpc circumnuclear star-forming ring and of an ultraluminous compact X-ray source located outside the ring.
description: 10 pages and 6 figures formatted with emulateapj, accepted for publication in ApJ
Effects of Supply Chain Management for Food and Grocery Companies
Creators: name: Dooley, Frank J.
name: Martens, Bobby J.
name: Blomeke, Phillip
name: Dooley, Frank J.
name: Martens, Bobby J.
name: Blomeke, Phillip
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Efficient Consumer Response
subject: supply chain management
subject: inventory
subject: cash conversion cycles
subject: financial performance
subject: grocery
subject: food manufacturing

description: Mass merchandisers’ entry into food retailing threatens traditional grocers’ market share. In response, traditional grocers and food manufacturers adopted Efficient Consumer Response (ECR) as an industry-wide set of supply chain management strategies that focused on cutting costs and improving product assortment, thereby improving inventory and financial performance levels. However, research findings and trade press reports question whether adopting supply chain management strategies will achieve these goals. The results of this analysis strongly support the proposition that the adoption of an ECR strategy pays off. However, the growth in profit does not appear to come from improved performance for traditional inventory measures. The driving force behind these improved financial measures can be attributed to the cash conversion cycle. Thus, the time spent in developing close relationships with buyers or suppliers and the investments in information technology have been justified. Size matters; ECR is more effective due to economies of scale and information technology. However, this may lead to more consolidations because all firms may not have sufficient capital to invest in ECR initiatives. In short, to remain competitive ECR strategies should strongly be considered by firms that are lagging in implementation.
Multivariable averaging level control
Creators: name: Sidhu, Manpreet S.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis studies the multivariable averaging level control problem by developing and comparing various controller design techniques. Due to obvious safety and economic considerations, the level of a surge tank must never be allowed to overflow or become empty, while the flow rate constraints must be satisfied. Hence, the main emphasis of the thesis is on the study of constrained controller design techniques. Multivariable design techniques such as decentralized, decoupled and full multivariable control are studied. The special structure of the system model allows for a constant decoupling matrix over all frequencies. This significantly simplifies the decoupled controller design. In full multivariable control, constrained Model Based Predictive Control (MPC) is utilized as it is able to naturally incorporate system constraints. Various cost function formulations which lead to either Quadratic or Linear Programming optimizations are presented and compared. The drawback of incorporating a terminal constraint set in MPC design is also studied. A novel mixed norm MPC algorithm that removes the requirement for using a terminal constraint set is proposed. MPC based on QP optimization is shown to provide the best results. The nonsmooth behaviour of MPC under LP optimization is also discussed. Finally, the practicality of some computationally-friendly techniques is assessed on a lab scale two-tank apparatus. The control algorithms are implemented in real-time using MatLab and dSpace.
Enhancement of Kondo effect in multilevel quantum dots
Creators: name: Eto, Mikio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically study enhancement mechanisms of the Kondo effect in multilevel quantum dots. In quantum dots fabricated on semiconductors, the energy difference between discrete levels Δis tunable by applying a magnetic field. With two orbitals and spin 1/2 in the quantum dots, we evaluate the Kondo temperature T_K as a function of Δ, using the scaling method. T_K is maximal around Δ=0 and decreases with increasing |Δ|, following a power law, T_K(Δ)=T_K(0) (T_K(0)/|Δ|)^γ, which is understood as a crossover from SU(4) to SU(2) Kondo effect. The exponents on both sides of a level crossing, γ_L and γ_R, satisfy a relation of γ_L γ_R=1. We compare this enhanced Kondo effect with that by spin-singlet-triplet degeneracy for an even number of electrons, to explain recent experimental results using vertical quantum dots.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures
Asymmetric Price Transmission and Demand Characteristics
Creators: name: Xia, Tian
name: Li, Xianghong
name: Xia, Tian
name: Li, Xianghong
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Industrial Organization
subject: asymmetric price transmission
subject: demand characteristics

description: Through analyzing the effect of a demand characteristic, this paper investigates the reasons for the market phenomenon that farm and/or wholesale price changes are transmitted asymmetrically to retail markets.
Causal Analysis on the Anchor Store Effect in a Location-based Social Network
Creators: name: Vallapuram, Anish K.
name: Kwon, Young D.
name: Lee, Lik-Hang
name: Xu, Fengli
name: Hui, Pan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A particular phenomenon of interest in Retail Economics is the spillover effect of anchor stores (specific stores with a reputable brand) to non-anchor stores in terms of customer traffic. Prior works in this area rely on small and survey-based datasets that are often confidential or expensive to collect on a large scale. Also, very few works study the underlying causal mechanisms between factors that underpin the spillover effect. In this work, we analyse the causal relationship between anchor stores and customer traffic to non-anchor stores and employ a propensity score matching framework to investigate this effect more efficiently. First of all, to demonstrate the effect, we leverage open and mobile data from London Datastore and Location-Based Social Networks (LBSNs) such as Foursquare. We then perform a large-scale empirical analysis on customer visit patterns from anchor stores to non-anchor stores(e.g., non-chain restaurants) located in the Greater London area as a case study. By studying over 600 neighbourhoods in the GreaterLondon Area, we find that anchor stores cause a 14.2-26.5% increase in customer traffic for the non-anchor stores reinforcing the established economic theory. Moreover, we evaluate the efficiency of our methodology by studying the confounder balance, dose difference and performance of matching framework on synthetic data. Through this work, we point decision-makers in the retail industry to a more systematic approach to estimate the anchor store effect and pave the way for further research to discover more complex causal relationships underlying this effect with open data.
Receiver-driven layered multicast using active networks
Creators: name: Cheng, Lechang
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis introduces a new scheme of receiver-driven layered multicast using active networks (RIM-AN). In order to address the problem of heterogeneity of clients, a layered multicast (RLM) scheme is used. In this method, the video is encoded into a set of layers and the client subscribes to cumulative layers according to their available bandwidth. In additional to the basic data dissemination scheme, a distributed TCP-friendly congestion control mechanism has been proposed. With the active nodes, the multicast tree is divided into a set of subsystems with a hierarchical structure and the sending node in every subsystem is regarded as a pseudo server. End-to-end congestion control is performed at each of the subsystems. In every subsystem, the receiver estimates the packet loss rate and round trip time of its upstream link and computes a fair transmission rate based on the TCP-throughput estimation function. It then calculates the subscription level and sends it to the pseudo server which will adjust the transmission rate accordingly. Simulation studies show that with the proposed congestion control mechanism, RLM-AN flows have smoother and more TCP-friendly throughputs and quicker response to congestion inside the network than RLM flows. In this thesis, a FEC-based error control mechanism is also presented for RLM-AN . The error control is performed on every subsystem. With the estimated packet loss rate, the receiver calculates the number of redundant packets for error recovery. It sends the information to the pseudo server which will dynamically adjust the error protection level. The intermediate active nodes will also perform error recovery to eliminate the error propagation problem. Simulation results show that the error control mechanism greatly reduces packet loss rate without increasing the error recovery latency significantly.
Evolution and identification of DREB transcription factors in the wheat genome: modeling, docking and simulation of DREB proteins associated with salt stress
Creators: name: Hassan, Sameer
name: Berk, Katrin
name: Aronsson, Henrik
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Soil salinity and the resulting salt stress it imposes on crop plants is a major problem for modern agriculture. Understanding how salt tolerance mechanisms in plants are regulated is therefore important. One regulatory mechanism is the APETALA2/Ethylene Responsive Factor (AP2/ERF) transcription factor family, including dehydration responsive element binding (DREB) transcription factors. By binding to DNA, specifically upstream of genes that play roles in salt tolerance pathways, DREB proteins upregulate expression of these genes. DREB in Triticum aestivum (wheat) cluster in sub-groups and in this study by scanning the recently extended predicted proteome of wheat for DREB, we increased the number of members of this sub-family. Using the wheat genome, we identified 576 genes coding for the AP2 domain of which 508 were identified to have one AP2 domain, a characteristic of the DREB/ERF subfamily. We confirmed the existing four sub-groups by sequence-based phylogenetic analyses but also identified 32 new DREB subfamily members, not belonging to any known sub-group. Transcription factor profile inference analysis identified two genes, TraesCS2B02G002700 and TraesCS2D02G015200, being homologous to DREB1A of Arabidopsis thaliana. Based on molecular simulation (25 ns) analysis, TraesCS2B02G002700 with a CCGAC motif was observed to interact very stably with DNA. In silico mutational analysis at the 19th position in the DREB domain of TraesCS2B02G002700-DNA complex indicated this as a stable part for recognizing and forming interaction with DNA. Moreover, six target genes were predicted having an upstream CCGAC motif regulated by TraesCS2B02G002700. Our study provides an overall framework for exploring the transcription factors in plants and identifying e.g. potential salt stress target genes. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
Food vs. Wood: Dynamic Choices for Kenyan Smallholders
Creators: name: Peralta, Maria Alexandra
name: Swinton, Scott M.
name: Peralta, Maria Alexandra
name: Swinton, Scott M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: International Development
subject: Production Economics
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: agroforestry
subject: eucalyptus
subject: food security
subject: Kenya
subject: linear programming
subject: smallholder agriculture
subject: whole farm model

description: Smallholder farmers in areas of the semiarid tropics are planting exotic tree species that provide alternative income sources, fuel and building materials. While providing other benefits, these trees occupy land that could produce annual food crops. Eucalyptus is one fast-growing tree species that is grown globally, including in East Africa. This study uses a polyperiod linear programming whole-farm model to explore the opportunity cost of planting eucalyptus trees versus crops in the Nyando watershed of western Kenya. The model indicates that over a ten-year time horizon, a profit maximizing representative farmer facing would allocate 30 percent of a 4-acre farm to producing eucalyptus poles, a typical level reported in farmer individual interviews. Depending on the price of poles, land planted to eucalyptus ranged from 8 to 80 percent. Firewood was less remunerative and did not enter the solution unless poles were excluded. The results are consistent with observed behavior, suggesting that smallholder farmers in western Kenya are responsive to relative prices between timber tree products and crops, and that they grow eucalyptus for its high profitability in the medium term. Timber production is not likely to replace food crops given the high cost of meeting household subsistence requirements from marketed grains.
description: Natural resource management
Additional file 2 of Qiliqiangxin reduced cardiomyocytes apotosis and improved heart function in infarcted heart through Pink1/Parkin -mediated mitochondrial autophagy
Creators: name: Junyang Zhou
name: Zhixiao Wang
name: He, Yun
name: Xinxia Luo
name: Wenjun Zhang
name: Yu, Li
name: Xiuying Chen
name: Xiju He
name: Yahong Yuan
name: Xiaoli Wang
name: Xinrong Guo
name: Junming Tang
name: Mingan Zhu
name: Dongsheng Li
name: Ding, Yan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 2.
Changes in Debt Patterns and Financial Structure of Farm Businesses: A Double Hurdle Approach
Creators: name: Harris, James Michael
name: Dillard, John
name: Erickson, Kenneth W.
name: Hallahan, Charles B.
name: Harris, James Michael
name: Dillard, John
name: Erickson, Kenneth W.
name: Hallahan, Charles B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: farm debt
subject: farm credit
subject: double-hurdle model
subject: farm businesses

description: This paper uses a double hurdle model to help explain one aspect of the changing capital structure of U.S. production agriculture--the increase in the number of debt free farms. Our findings suggest that nonfinancial factors, such as operator age, region, risk aversion, and financial factors such as debt service ability and the cost of capital play significant roles in distinguishing borrowers from non borrowers.
Additional file 3 of Qiliqiangxin reduced cardiomyocytes apotosis and improved heart function in infarcted heart through Pink1/Parkin -mediated mitochondrial autophagy
Creators: name: Junyang Zhou
name: Zhixiao Wang
name: He, Yun
name: Xinxia Luo
name: Wenjun Zhang
name: Yu, Li
name: Xiuying Chen
name: Xiju He
name: Yahong Yuan
name: Xiaoli Wang
name: Xinrong Guo
name: Junming Tang
name: Mingan Zhu
name: Dongsheng Li
name: Ding, Yan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 3.
The Future Role of Livestock Cooperatives
Creators: name: Hogeland, Julie A.
name: Hogeland, Julie A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1987
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Cooperatives
subject: livestock
subject: marketing

description: In 1985, a total of 17 regional cooperatives marketed livestock. These cooperatives were created to provide greater competition, bargaining power, and market access for producers. Growth in direct marketing, bypassing the services of cooperatives, has occurred because the number of buyers has decreased and producers want to improve marketing efficiency or lower explicit costs. Less emphasis on providing convenient markets, more competitive service charges, supplementing buy-sell operations with advisory services to help members manage risk, and increasing coordination are options that might enable cooperatives to continue to meet their original Objectives.
Cooperative Marketing of Animal Health Products
Creators: name: Vogelsang, Donald L.
name: Vogelsang, Donald L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Cooperative
subject: advertising
subject: animal health products
subject: centralized
subject: federated
subject: local
subject: margin
subject: marketing
subject: over-the-counter

description: This report uses eight case studies to identify elements of successful cooperative programs for retailing over-the-counter animal health products (AHP). It provides practical information on AHP marketing strategies and methods for cooperative retailers, planners, and researchers. All participating cooperatives except one provided information for fiscal years ending during calendar year 1986. The exception was for 1987. Information. about five AHP suppliers and their marketing programs is included to enhance understanding of retailer programs.
Additional file 1 of Neural circuit analysis using a novel intersectional split intein-mediated split-Cre recombinase system
Creators: name: Khoo, Audrey Tze Ting
name: Kim, Paul Jong
name: Kim, Ho Min
name: Je, H. Shawn
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Immunohistochemistry performed in 6 month old Dlx6-CCre-IRES-eGFP mice. S1(A-C) Microscope images of immunohistochemistry performed in 40 μm thick coronal sections using antibodies against Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), excitatory neuron marker (A), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), cholinergic neuron marker (B) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), astrocyte marker (C). Arrows indicate Dlx6-CCre-positive neurons based on GFP fluorescence do not overlap with either CaMKII, ChAT or GFAP signals. Scale bars: 25 μm in panel A, 50 μm in panels B and C.
A New Form of Path Integral for the Coherent States Representation and its Semiclassical Limit
Creators: name: Santos, Luis C. dos
name: de Aguiar, M. A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The overcompleteness of the coherent states basis leads to a multiplicity of representations of Feynman's path integral. These different representations, although equivalent quantum mechanically, lead to different semiclassical limits. Two such semiclassical formulas were derived in \cite{Bar01} for the two corresponding path integral forms suggested by Klauder and Skagerstan in \cite{Klau85}. Each of these formulas involve trajectories governed by a different classical representation of the Hamiltonian operator: the P representation in one case and the Q representation in other. In this paper we construct a third representation of the path integral whose semiclassical limit involves directly the Weyl representation of the Hamiltonian operator, i.e., the classical Hamiltonian itself.
description: 16 pages, no figures
Additional file 2 of Neural circuit analysis using a novel intersectional split intein-mediated split-Cre recombinase system
Creators: name: Khoo, Audrey Tze Ting
name: Kim, Paul Jong
name: Kim, Ho Min
name: Je, H. Shawn
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 2: Figure S2. Brain sections of 6 month old Dlx6-CCre-IRES-eGFP mice showing normal gross brain structure. S2(A) A sagittal brain section of Dlx6-CCre-IRES-eGFP mice stained with DAPI. Scale bar: 1 mm. S2(B) Coronal forebrain sections of Dlx6-CCre-IRES-eGFP mice taken approximately 1 mm apart, stained with DAPI. Scale bar: 1 mm.