Neoceruraphis pseudosensoriata Stekolshchikov 2022, comb. n.
Creators: name: Stekolshchikov, Andrey V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Aphididae
Neoceruraphis
Neoceruraphis pseudosensoriata

description: Neoceruraphis pseudosensoriata (Pashtshenko, 1988), comb. n.
(Figs. 1–39; Tabl. 1–3)
Sappaphis viburnicola Sorin, 1983: 4 [Remaudière & Remaudière 1997: 142; Sorin & Arakawa 2005: 12]
Viburnaphis pseudosensoriata Pashtshenko, 1988: 1581 [Remaudière & Remaudière 1997: 158]
Viburnaphis viburnicola (Sorin, 1983) in Eastop & Blackman 2005: 25 [Choi et al. 2013: 199; Nakatani et al. 2016: 91; Yu et al. 2018: 602; Yu 2019: 237; National Institute of Biological Resources 2019: 156]
Material. Syntypes: Sappaphis viburnicola Sorin, 1983 —16 emigrants, “ Sappaphis viburnicola Sorin, 30.IV.1967, Ise, Mie-Ken, Japan, Coll. M. Sorin, Det., Host: Viburnum sieboldii, Type” (from collections of MNHN and ZIN RAS); 2 males, 6 oviparous females, “ Sappaphis viburnicola Sorin, 3.XII.1967, Ise, Mie pref., Japan, Coll. M. Sorin, Host: Viburnum sieboldii, Type” (from collection of MNHN); 2 fundatrices, 5 emigrants, “ Sappaphis viburnicola Sorin, 30.IV.1968, Ise, Mie, Japan, Coll. M. Sorin, Host: Viburnum sieboldii, Type” (from collection of ZIN RAS); 12 fundatrices, “ Sappaphis viburnicola Sorin, 18.IV.1971, Ise, Mie pref., Japan, Coll. M. Sorin & E. Shinohara, Host: Viburnum sieboldii, Type” (from collections of MNHN and ZIN RAS); 2 emigrants, “ Sappaphis viburnicola Sorin, 5.V.1981, Ise-shi, Mie, Japan, Coll. M. Sorin, Host: Viburnum sieboldii, Type” (from collection of MNHN). Paratypes: Viburnaphis pseudosensoriata Pashtshenko, 1988 —2 emigrants, ”No 2889, Primorsky Krai, Partizansky District, Novitskoe Vill., Viburnum sargentii Koehne, 20.VI.1979, Rabotkina, Paratype, Viburnaphis pseudosensoriata, N. Pashtshenko ”; 2 fundatrices, “No 3637, Primorsky Krai, near Vladivostok, on Viburnum sargentii, 31.V.1981, Simakova, Paratype, Viburnaphis pseudosensoriata, N. Pashtshenko ”. Additional materials: 3 emigrants, 17–20.vi.1926, Russia, Primorsky Krai, Khasansky District, Kedrovaya Pad Nature Reserve, Viburnum sp. (from collection of ZIN RAS); 10 gynoparae, 27.x.1971, Japan, Mie Prefecture, Ise, Viburnum sieboldii (from collection of MNHN); 2 emigrants, 8.v.1981, Japan, Mie Prefecture, Ise, Viburnum sieboldii (from collection of MNHN); 19 fundatrices, 4.vi.1989, Russia, Primorsky Krai, Partizansky urban okrug, Tigrovoy Vill., Viburnum sp. (from collection of ZIN RAS); 10 emigrants, 10.vi.1989, Russia, Primorsky Krai, Partizansky urban okrug, Tigrovoy Vill., Viburnum sp. (from collection of ZIN RAS); 19 fundatrices, 10 emigrants, 19.vi–2.vii.1989, Russia, Primorsky Krai, Partizansky urban okrug, Tigrovoy Vill., Viburnum sp. (from collection of ZIN RAS); 2 apterous viviparous females (exules), 29.vi.1989, Russia, Primorsky Krai, Partizansky urban okrug, Tigrovoy Vill., Carex sp. (from collection of ZIN RAS); 2 emigrants, 5 apterous viviparous females (exules), 15.vii.1989, 27.vii.1989 and 4–6.viii.1989, Primorsky Krai, Partizansky urban okrug, Tigrovoy Vill., then in culture, Carex sp. (from collection of ZIN RAS); 4 apterous and 20 alate viviparous females (exules), 12–19.vii.1989 and 22.viii.1989, Russia, Primorsky Krai, Partizansky urban okrug, Tigrovoy Vill., then in culture, Carex sp. (from collection of ZIN RAS). Also used data of Sorin (1983), Pashtshenko (1988), Choi et al. (2013) and Yu et al. (2018).
Etymology. This epithet is based on the Greek prefix “ pseudo ” (false) and the New Latin adjective “ sensoriata ” meaning “equipped with sensoria”. Gender: feminine.
Description. Fundatrix. Body broadly elliptical, almost round, 1.1–1.5 times as long as its width. Green, dark green, pale bluish green or yellow-green with brown spots; basal half of antennae, apices of femora and tibiae, tarsi, siphunculi and cauda dark; shiny dorsally, with sparse waxy pulverulence on ventral side. Cleared specimens with almost black basal half of 3rd antennal segment; antennae (except basal half of 3rd antennal segment and processus terminalis), apices of fore femora, middle and hind femora (except base), apices and bases of tibiae, tarsi, siphunculi, subgenital and anal plates and cauda dark brown; two last segments of rostrum, bands on abdominal tergites VII–VIII, rare and small sclerites at the base of setae on other tergites, marginal sclerites and peritremes brown, head, processus terminalis, sclerites at base of coxae, coxae, trochanters, bases of femora and middle parts of tibiae light brown. Dorsal and ventral surfaces of thorax and abdomen are almost completely unsclerotized, with the exception of very rare and small sclerites at the base of setae on dorsal surface of thorax and on abdominal tergites I– VI in some individuals, bands on abdominal tergites VII–VIII, and marginal sclerites; band on tergite VII sometimes can divided into separate sclerites and never fused with marginal sclerites; marginal sclerites on segments I–V are small, inconspicuous, on segments VI and VII large, distinct. Surface of head, dorsal side of thorax, and abdominal tergites I–VI smooth, slightly wrinkled (but Choi et al. (2013) for the fundatrices from Korea indicate that surface of head and thorax is granulose), on surface of abdominal tergite VII with long rows of small pointed spinules, which on abdominal tergite VIII smoothed out and partially fused to form inconspicuous scales. Marginal tubercles always present on prothorax and abdominal segments II–IV and sometimes also on metathorax and abdominal segment I; total number of marginal tubercles on whole body—7–13. Setae on dorsal side of head and thorax and abdominal tergites I–VII pointed, finely pointed or blunt, on antennae, tibiae and tarsi pointed or finely pointed, on abdominal tergite VIII, rostrum, coxae, trochanters, femora, subgenital and anal plates and cauda finely pointed. Chaetotaxy of first tarsal segments 2,2,2, and only occasionally 3,2,2 or 3,3,2. Head with weak traces of epicranial coronal suture. Antennae 5-segmented as a result of fusing of 3rd and 4th segments, without secondary rhinaria or very rarely with only one rhinaria. Rostrum reaching meso-—metathorax. Legs shortened, slightly thickened. Peritremes on abdominal sternites I and II separated by a distance more than diameter of peritreme. Siphunculi with 0–9 relatively long (28–76 μm) finely pointed setae. Cauda rounded escutcheon-shaped. Hind tibiae on apices with 8–26 round pheromone plates.Fundatrices Emigrants Length of body 2161–2881 1756–2881 Length of antennae 763–1030 1189–1773 Length of antennae/length of body 0.30–0.40 0.56–0.88 Hind femora length 448–599 513–736 length/length of body 0.18–0.24 0.24–0.38 Hind tibia length 639–979 954–1418 length/length of body 0.29–0.42 0.44–0.76 Width of the siphunculus in the middle/width of the marginal tubercle on abdominal segments I–V largest tubercle smallest tubercle 1.37–3.63 1.53–5.00 1.00–7.17 1.83–7.17 length on 3rd antennal segment length/articular diameter of the segment 42–80 1.67–3.56 47–121 1.85–5.75 the lon- gest on base of last antennal length segment length/articular diameter of the segment 23–70 0.83–2.56 52–101 2.36–5.69 on abdo- minal tergite length III length/articular diameter of 3rd 51–87 48–115 segment 1.82–3.78 2.10–6.12 length VIII length/articular diameter of 3rd 66–112 62–118 Setae segment 2.29–4.75 2.43–7.14 length of ventral seta on hind trochanter/basal diameter of hind femur 0.53–1.10 0.82–1.60 on 3rd antennal segment 9–42 35–69 on base of last antennal segment 2–9 10–20 additionnal on ultimate rostral segment 2–5 5–9 number on abdominal tergite VIII 6–11 6–13 on subgenital on anterior half 7–18 8–21 plate along the hind margin 22–40 22–38 on cauda 7–22 8–21 Last antennal segment length of base 90–137 111–170 length of processus terminalis 71–149 196–435 length of processus terminalis/length of base 0.69–1.34 1.71–3.39 length 135–180 157–215 Ultimate ros- length of 2nd segment of hind tarsus 1.09–1.67 1.20–1.69 tral segment length/ length of base of last antennal segment 1.04–1.78 1.06–1.74 length of siphunculi 0.98–1.54 0.63–0.99 2nd segment of hind length 98–146 99–152 tarsus length/length of base of last antennal segment 0.92–1.36 0.75–1.14 length 108–168 185–281 Siphunculi body length 0.04–0.07 0.08–0.12 length/ mid-width of siphunculus 1.33–2.38 2.83–4.95 length of 3rd antennal segment 0.25–0.44 0.37–0.63 Cauda length 73–118 68–104 length/basal width of cauda 0.55–0.76 0.51–0.68 Length of siphunculi/length of cauda 1.05–1.56 2.32–3.38 antennal antennal Morphs Apterous viviparous females (exule) Alate viviparous females (exules) Length of body 2086–2409 2443–2726 Length of antennae 1063–1358 1464–1585 Length of antennae/length of body 0.45–0.58 0.57–0.63 Hind femora length 589–711 665–731 length/length of body 0.27–0.30 0.26–0.28 Hind tibia length 899–1112 1176–1279 length/length of body 0.42–0.50 0.45–0.49 Width of the siphunculus in the middle/width of the marginal tuber- cle on abdominal segments I–V largest tubercle smallest tubercle 1.63–2.46 3.15–6.20 1.39–2.79 2.67–7.67 on 3rd antennal length segment length/ 76–95 84–93 diameter of the segment 2.90–4.00 3.00–3.76 the lon- gest on base of last length 68–89 78–91 antennal segment length/articular diameter of last antennal segment 2.45–4.12 3.20–4.50 on length III abdo- length/articular 81–101 81–98 diameter of 3rd antennal segment 3.10–4.13 3.00–3.89 minal length VIII tergite length/articular 87–112 84–104 Setae diameter of 3rd antennal segment 3.50–4.75 3.16–3.89 length of ventral seta on hind trochanter/basal diameter of hind femur 0.88–1.24 0.96–1.56 on 3rd antennal segment 42–57 46–59 on base of last antennal segment 10–14 9–16 additionnal on ultimate rostral segment 5–8 6–11 number on abdominal tergite VIII 8–16 9–13 on subgenital plate on anterior half along the hind margin 12–17 26–36 12–20 27–34 on cauda 13–22 12–17 Last antennal segment length of base 98–120 118–135 length of processus terminalis 168–238 323–370 length of processus terminalis/length of base 1.56–2.17 1.65–1.95 length 192–222 196–222 Ultimate ros- length of 2nd segment of hind tarsus 1.38–1.68 1.43–1.70 tral segment length/ length of base of last antennal segment 1.62–2.11 1.52–1.81 length of siphunculi 0.77–1.17 0.74–0.88 2nd segment of hind length 123–139 123–140 tarsus length/length of base of last antennal segment 1.17–1.34 0.94–1.14 length 168–250 238–272 Siphunculi body length 0.08–0.11 0.09–0.11 length/ mid-width of siphunculus 1.88–3.30 3.15–4.22 length of 3rd antennal segment 0.45–0.58 0.46–0.56 Cauda length 76–94 79–93 length/basal width of cauda 0.73–1.10 0.50–0.62 Length of siphunculi/length of cauda 2.18–2.62 2.67–3.32 articular
Alate viviparpus female (emigrant). Body broadly egg-shaped, 1.8–2.5 times as long as its width. Green with yellowish-gray abdomen and brown spots on it, brownish green or blackish brown; antennae, femora, apices of tibiae, tarsi, and siphunculi dark; shiny. Cleared specimens with head, thorax, 1st–3rd antennal segments, distal halves of fore femora, middle and hind femora (except base) and siphunculi dark, almost black; bands and marginal sclerites on segments of abdomen, peritremes and apices of tibiae dark brown; 4th–5th antennal segments (except processus terminalis), two last segment of rostrum, coxae, base of tibiae, tarsi, subgenital and anal plates and cauda brown; processus terminalis, trochanters, base of femora and middle parts of tibiae light-brown. Abdominal dorsum with sclerotized bands on all tergites and large marginal sclerites on segments I–VII; bands on tergites II–VII and marginal sclerites on segments IV–VII and sometimes on segment III fused in a sclerotized shield on which sometimes present a membranous area on the boundary between tergites (Pashtshenko (1988) writes in the description of an emigrant: “Spinal sclerotized bands do not fuse into central sclerotized patch.” However, the study of 2 specimens belonging to the paratypes of Viburnaphis pseudosensoriata showed that both of them have a pronounced sclerotized shield); the ventral side of abdomen with paired sclerotized maculae located along margines of sternites I–VI, they are often connected to each other by rows of small sclerites so that strongly interrupted in the middle bands are formed. Surface of head, dorsal and ventral side of thorax and abdominal tergites I–V smooth, on abdominal tergite VI with sparse spinules, which on tergite VII form short rows, and become on tergite VIII more numerous and partially fused. Marginal tubercles always present on prothorax and often on abdominal segments I–IV and sometimes also on abdominal segment V; total number of marginal tubercles on whole body—1–10. Frontal tubercles clearly marked; median tubercle not reaching the level of antennal tubercles. Third antennal segment with 13–53 secondary rhinaria spaced evenly along the segment, 4th segment with 0–11 and 5th segment with 0–6 secondary rhinaria; secondary rhinaria elliptical or rounded, protuberant, with external diameter 2.0–5.0 times as long as high of rhinaria, the membranous central part is slightly swollen at the apex, with a slight interception at the base (weakly mushroom-shaped) and slightly protrudes above the chitinous ridge surrounding rhinaria. Rostrum reaching mesothorax—abdominal segment III. Spiracles reniform or rounded reniform. Peritremes on abdominal sternites I and II separated by a distance less than diameter of peritreme, touching or fused. Siphunculi with 0–10 long (42–116 μm), finely pointed setae. Hind tibiae on apices with 5–29 round pheromone plates.
Apterous viviparous female (exules). Body broadly egg-shaped, 1.6–1.7 times as long as its width. Reddish brown, with dark brown bands on the dorsal surface of thorax and a solid shield on the dorsal side of the abdomen, antennae, femora, apices of tibiae, tarsi and siphunculi dark, bases of femora and tibiae (except apices) white; shiny dorsally, with sparse waxy pulverulence on ventral side. Cleared specimens with head capsule at the base of the antennae and near the eyes, the 1st–3rd segments of antennae and siphunculi are almost black; the rest of the head, sclerites and bands on the dorsal surface of thorax and abdomen, marginal sclerites and peritremes on the I–VII segments of abdomen, femora (except for base) and base of tibiae dark brown; 4th–6th segments of antennae (except processus terminalis), two last segments of rostrum, apices of the tibiae, tarsus, subgenital and anal plates, cauda and sometimes distal part of 3rd antennal segment brown; processus terminalis, coxae, trochanters, bases of femora, and middle parts of tibiae light brown. Dorsal surface of thorax and abdomen is almost completely sclerotized, bands and marginal sclerites on meso-, metathorax, and abdominal tergites I–VII fuse into a single shield; band on prothorax always fused with marginal sclerites; ventral surface of thorax and abdomen not sclerotized. Surface of occiput smooth, of the rest of head, of dorsal and ventral side of thorax, and abdominal tergites I–VI, including marginal sclerites, with short rows of large pointed spinules that never form reticulate structure, spinules on tergite VII become smaller, and their rows elongate, on tergite VIII some spinules partially fused; surface of ventral side of abdomen with long rows of small pointed spinules sometimes forming strongly stretched reticulate cells. Marginal tubercles always present on prothorax and abdominal segments I–III and sometimes also on metathorax and abdominal segment IV; total number of marginal tubercles on whole body—7–12; they protuberant up to semicircular or papilliform, diameter of tubercles 1.0–3.3 times as long as high. Spinal tubercles absent. The setae on body and appendages are long, finely pointed, and only on tarsi pointed and relatively short. Chaetotaxy of first tarsal segments 3,3,2, rarely on one fore or middle leg first tarsal segments with 2 setae. Head without traces of epicranial coronal suture, frontal tubercles almost not developed, frons almost flat. Antennae 6-segmented, 3rd antennal segment with 3–15 secondary rhinaria located in basal half of segment, 4th–5th segments without secondary rhinaria. Rostrum reaching abdominal segmentes II–IV; ultimate rostral segment elongated wedge-shaped. Legs normal. Spiracles reniform. Peritremes on abdominal sternites I and II separated by a distance less than diameter of peritreme or touching. Siphunculi are cylindrical or elongated-conical, with 9–20 long (76–91 μm) finely pointed setae. Cauda rounded escutcheon-shaped. Distal halves of hind tibiae with 12–23 round, slightly convex pheromone plates.
Alatae viviparous female (exules). Body elongate egg-shaped, 2.0–2.2 times as long as its width. Reddish brown, last abdominal segments greenish brown. Marginal tubercles present only on prothorax and abdominal segments I–III; total number of marginal tubercles on whole body 3–8. Third antennal segment with 34–47, 4th segment with 1–8 and 5th segment with 0–3 secondary rhinaria. Siphunculi with 2–5 long (63–78 μm) finely pointed setae. Apices of hind tibiae with 3–17 round pheromone plates.
Gynopara. Body elongate egg-shaped, 2.0–2.3 times as long as its width. Colour of living specimens unknown. Cleared specimens differ from emigrants in lighter siphunculi. Bands forming the sclerotized shield on the II–VII abdominal tergites fused anterolaterally with a small membranous area on the boundary between tergites; paired sclerotized area on abdominal sternites I–II consist of several small sclerites and are hardly visible. Marginal tubercles present only on prothorax, there are no tubercles on other body segments. Third antennal segment with 37–49, 4th segment with 6–14 and 5th segment with 1–6 secondary rhinaria. Siphunculi with 2–8 long (46–71 μm) finely pointed setae. Pheromone plates on the hind tibiae are absent or, occasionally, one of the hind tibia has one plate.
Male. Alate. Body elongate egg-shaped, 3.1 times as long as its width. Colour of living specimens unknown. Bands on abdominal tergites II–VII do not fuse into a single sclerotized shield. Marginal tubercles sometimes present on prothorax, they are absent on all other body segments. Third antennal segment with 60–72, 4th segment with 24–26, 5th segment with 14–17, and base of 6th segment with 0–6 secondary rhinaria. Rostrum reaching metathorax. Siphunculi without setae. Hind tibiae without pheromone plates.
Oviparous female. Body elongate egg-shaped, 1.7–1.9 times as long as its width. Colour of living specimens unknown. Cleared specimens with head, 1st–2nd and base of 3rd antennal segments, femora, tibiae and siphunculi brown, 4th–5th antennal segments, ultimate rostral segment, tarsi, peritrems, subgenital and anal plates and cauda light-brown. Dorsal and ventral surface of body not sclerotized, except very light-brown band on abdominal tergite VIII and peritremes. Marginal and spinal tubercles absent. Setae on dorsal side of head, thorax and on abdominal tergites I–VI pointed, on antennae, tibiae and tarsi pointed and finely pointed, on abdominal tergite VIII, rostrum, coxae, trochanters, femora, subgenital and anal plates and cauda finely pointed. Chaetotaxy of first tarsal segments 2,2,2 or 3,3,2. Head with traces of epicranial coronal suture. Frontal tubercles weakly marked, median tubercle projecting beyond antennal tubercles. Antennae 5-segmented as a result of fusing of 3rd and 4th segments, without secondary rhinaria. Rostrum reaching metathorax—abdominal segment I. Legs shortened. Peritremes on abdominal sternites I and II separated by a distance less than diameter of peritreme. Siphunculi short, cylindrical, slightly tapering towards the apex, without setae. Surface of siphunculi is covered with rare scales formed by partially fused spinules. Hind tibiae with 75–179 round, weakly convex pheromone plates located along the entire length of tibiae, tibiae are not swollen.
Systematic relationships. The differences between Neoceruraphis pseudosensoriata (Pashtshenko, 1988) and N. viburnicola (Gillette, 1909) are given in the key below.
Distribution. Japan (Mie Prefecture, Ise; Niigata Prefecture, Murakami) (Sorin 1983; Sorin & Arakawa 2005; Nakatani et al. 2016). Russia (Primorsky Krai: Khasansky District, Kedrovaya Pad Nature Reserve; Partizansky District, Novitskoe Vill.; near Vladivostok, Partizansky urban okrug, Tigrovoy Vill.) (Pashtshenko, 1988). Korea (Gyeonggi Province, Osan-si, Mulhyanggi Arboretum) (Choi et al. 2013). China (Beijing, Beijing Botanic Garden and Beijing Purple Bamboo Garden) (Yu et al. 2018; Yu 2019).
Biology. The primary host are various species of Viburnum: Viburnum opulus L., Viburnum opulus subsp. calvescens (Rehder) Sugim., Viburnum sargentii Koehne, Viburnum sieboldii Miq., Viburnum sieboldii var. obovatifolium (Yanagita) Sugim. (Sorin 1983; Pashtshenko 1988; Sorin & Arakawa 2005; Choi et al. 2013; Nakatani et al. 2016; Yu et al. 2018; Yu 2019). Aphids on Viburnum live on the underside of leaves mainly along large veins, with the edges of the leaf tucking down, the lamina roughly wrinkles along the veins, forming a pale green bulge on the upper side, or the lamina shrinks into a ball, turns red or turns brown. The adult fundatrices on Viburnum were found on April 18 and 30 in Japan, April 23 in Korea, May 31, June 4 and 19 in the Primorsky Krai. The emigrants in the colonies were already on April 27–28 in Beijing (China), on April 30 and May 5 and 8 in Japan. In Primorsky Krai, emigrants on Viburnum were found from June 10 to July 2, while on July 7 emigrants and the larvae they gave birth were found at the base of Carex stems. There is no doubt, however, that migration begins much earlier, since first time the adult apterous viviparous females (exules) and the larvae born by them were collected on Carex in the Primorsky Krai already on June 29, and in this case the emigrants had to be transferred on Carex in the first half of June. In Beijing, migration begins much earlier, in late April–early May (Yu 2019). On both Viburnum and Carex, aphids were actively visited by ants; in the latter case, they covered them with an earthen dome at the base of the plant. Autumn morphs of this species are known only from Japan, where gynoparae on leaves of Viburnum were collected on October 27, and males and oviparous females on October 14 and 22 and December 3.
A sample of the species identified as Sappaphis viburnicola Sorin, 1983 collected on 10.v.1981 from the roots of Plantago asiatica L. is available in Dr. Masato Sorin’s aphid collection preserved in the Insect Museum of the National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences. Based on these data, Choi et al. (2013) indicate Plantago as a secondary host of Neoceruraphis pseudosensoriata. However, judging by the data obtained on the migration of aphids to Carex, this statement is erroneous, or at least requires further verification.
description: Published as part of Stekolshchikov, Andrey V., 2022, Revision of the genus Neoceruraphis Shaposhnikov, 1956 (Hemiptera: Aphididae), pp. 23-63 in Zootaxa 5159 (1) on pages 26-44, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5159.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/6770833