cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Evidence for dark matter in the inner Milky Way
Creators: name: Iocco, Fabio
name: Pato, Miguel
name: Bertone, Gianfranco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ubiquitous presence of dark matter in the universe is today a central tenet in modern cosmology and astrophysics. Ranging from the smallest galaxies to the observable universe, the evidence for dark matter is compelling in dwarfs, spiral galaxies, galaxy clusters as well as at cosmological scales. However, it has been historically difficult to pin down the dark matter contribution to the total mass density in the Milky Way, particularly in the innermost regions of the Galaxy and in the solar neighbourhood. Here we present an up-to-date compilation of Milky Way rotation curve measurements, and compare it with state-of-the-art baryonic mass distribution models. We show that current data strongly disfavour baryons as the sole contribution to the galactic mass budget, even inside the solar circle. Our findings demonstrate the existence of dark matter in the inner Galaxy while making no assumptions on its distribution. We anticipate that this result will compel new model-independent constraints on the dark matter local density and profile, thus reducing uncertainties on direct and indirect dark matter searches, and will shed new light on the structure and evolution of the Galaxy.
description: First submitted version of letter published in Nature Physics on Febuary 9, 2015: http://www.nature.com/nphys/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nphys3237.html
Quantum batteries -- The future of energy storage?
Creators: name: Quach, James Q.
name: Cerullo, Giulio
name: Virgili, Tersilla
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: According to the International Energy Agency, each human uses more than 80 GJ of energy per year; this is equivalent to leaving a washing machine continuously running for one year for every person on Earth. This consumption is expected to increase by 28% by 2040 (from 2015 levels). The majority (86%) of this energy comes from fossil fuels. This dependence on fossil fuels comes with major environmental costs, with climate change arguably being the greatest challenge facing our era. Renewable energy offers a possible solution. However, renewable energy sources, like solar and wind are not continuous sources, and therefore energy storage technology or batteries, remain an urgent challenge for further worldwide adoption of renewable energy. Alongside the need for efficient batteries to store renewable energy, the portability of batteries makes them an essential component in mobile technologies, including electric vehicles. Current batteries operate on the basis of well-understood electrochemical principles which were developed two centuries ago. While there is an ongoing intense effort aimed at improving their performance through optimization of the materials and the device architecture, it is worth exploring completely novel and disruptive approaches towards energy storage. Quantum batteries are energy storage devices that utilise quantum mechanics to enhance performance or functionality. While they are still in their infancy with only proof-of-principle demonstrations achieved, their radically innovative design principles offer a potential solution to future energy challenges.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures
Quasipinning and its relevance for $N$-Fermion quantum states
Creators: name: Schilling, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fermionic natural occupation numbers (NON) do not only obey Pauli's famous exclusion principle but are even further restricted to a polytope by the generalized Pauli constraints, conditions which follow from the fermionic exchange statistics. Whenever given NON are pinned to the polytope's boundary the corresponding $N$-fermion quantum state $|Ψ_N\rangle$ simplifies due to a selection rule. We show analytically and numerically for the most relevant settings that this rule is stable for NON close to the boundary, if the NON are non-degenerate. In case of degeneracy a modified selection rule is conjectured and its validity is supported. As a consequence the recently found effect of quasipinning is physically relevant in the sense that its occurrence allows to approximately reconstruct $|Ψ_N\rangle$, its entanglement properties and correlations from 1-particle information. Our finding also provides the basis for a generalized Hartree-Fock method by a variational ansatz determined by the selection rule.
Microbiota changes associated with ADNP deficiencies: rapid indicators for NAP (CP201) treatment of the ADNP syndrome and beyond
Creators: name: Kapitansky, Oxana
name: Giladi, Eliezer
name: Jaljuli, Iman
name: Bereswill, Stefan
name: Heimesaat, Markus M.
name: Gozes, Illana
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP)
subject: Autism
subject: Behavior
subject: Microbiota
subject: NAP (CP201)
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) and its protein snippet NAP (drug candidate CP201) regulate synapse formation and cognitive as well as behavioral functions, in part, through microtubule interaction. Given potential interactions between the microbiome and brain function, we now investigated the potential effects of the ADNP-deficient genotype, mimicking the ADNP syndrome on microbiota composition in the Adnp+/- mouse model. We have discovered a surprising robust sexually dichotomized Adnp genotype effect and correction by NAP (CP201) as follows. Most of the commensal bacterial microbiota tested were affected by the Adnp genotype and corrected by NAP treatment in a male sex-dependent manner. The following list includes all the bacterial groups tested-labeled in bold are male Adnp-genotype increased and corrected (decreased) by NAP. (1) Eubacteriaceae (EubV3), (2) Enterobacteriaceae (Entero), (3) Enterococcus genus (gEncocc), (4) Lactobacillus group (Lacto), (5) Bifidobacterium genus (BIF), (6) Bacteroides/Prevotella species (Bac), (7) Clostridium coccoides group (Coer), (8) Clostridium leptum group (Cluster IV, sgClep), and (9) Mouse intestinal Bacteroides (MIB). No similarities were found between males and females regarding sex- and genotype-dependent microbiota distributions. Furthermore, a female Adnp+/- genotype associated decrease (contrasting male increase) was observed in the Lactobacillus group (Lacto). Significant correlations were discovered between specific bacterial group loads and open-field behavior as well as social recognition behaviors. In summary, we discovered ADNP deficiency associated changes in commensal gut microbiota compositions, a sex-dependent biomarker for the ADNP syndrome and beyond. Strikingly, we discovered rapidly detected NAP (CP201) treatment-dependent biomarkers within the gut microbiota.
Helsinki Initiative on Multilingualism in Scholarly Communication: the case of Finnish scholarly publishers
Creators: name: Pölönen, Janne
name: Kaakinen, Leena
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Multilingualism
Scholarly communication
Scholarly publishing
Research assessment
Open access

description: The signatories of the Helsinki Initiative on Multilingualism in Scholarly Communication support the following recommendations to be adopted by policy-makers, leaders, universities, research institutions, research funders, libraries, and researchers: 1. Support dissemination of research results for the full benefit of the society. Make sure researchers are merited for disseminating research results beyond academia and for interacting with heritage, culture, and society. Make sure equal access to researched knowledge is provided in a variety of languages. 2. Protect national infrastructures for publishing locally relevant research. Make sure not-for-profit journals and book publishers have both sufficient resources and the support needed to maintain high standards of quality control and research integrity. Make sure national journals and book publishers are safeguarded in their transition to open access. 3. Promote language diversity in research assessment, evaluation, and funding systems. Make sure that in the process of expert-based evaluation, high quality research is valued regardless of the publishing language or publication channel. Make sure that when metrics-based systems are utilized, journal and book publications in all languages are adequately taken into account. Helsinki Initiative on Multilingualism in Scholarly Communication has been prepared by the Federation of Finnish Learned Societies (TSV), the Committee for Public Information (TJNK), the Finnish Association for Scholarly Publishing, Universities Norway (UHR) and the COST Action "European Network for Research Evaluation in the Social Sciences and the Humanities" (ENRESSH).
Primary Treatment Results in Patients with Ovarian, Fallopian or Peritoneal Cancer—Results of a Clinical Cancer Registry Database Analysis in Germany
Creators: name: Armbrust, Robert
name: Ledwon, Peter
name: Rüsten, Anne Von
name: Schneider, Constanze
name: Sehouli, Jalid
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: ovarian cancer
subject: primary surgery
subject: adjuvant chemotherapy
subject: lymphadenectomy
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Simple Summary: Diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancers has changed significantly over the last years. However, the role of primary surgery and chemotherapy remain important parts of the multimodal treatment. Furthermore, real life data are often lacking but are very important for improving quality indicators and for hypothesis generation for future trials. The present work represents the first major analysis of federal cancer registry data of OC patients in Germany. Overall, 2771 primary OC cases were included. The results clearly elucidate quality measurements and treatment results and show good treatment outcomes in patients with primary OC compared to other internationally reported outcomes. Abstract: Background: The current therapy of ovarian cancer is based on the so-called "Three-Pillar-Model", consisting of surgery, chemotherapy and maintenance therapy. This study represents the first major analysis of a federal cancer database of OC patients from the states Berlin/Brandenburg in Germany. The primary objective was to evaluate the prevailing established quality indicators surgical outcome, adjuvant chemotherapy and integrity of surgical staging in early stages. Methods: Data from the Clinical Cancer Registry for Brandenburg and Berlin of the years 2009-2019 were analyzed. Objectives were defined by a working group of selected physicians. Descriptive statistics were performed, as well as survival analysis. Results: A total of 2771 primary OC cases were included. Results regarding histological subtype met the suspected allocation with predominantly high-grade serous OC in advanced stage. The rate of complete surgical staging in FIGO stages I-IIA was 57%, and the rate of macroscopic complete resection in >FIGO III was 53%. Five-year survival rate varied from 79% (FIGO I) to 40% (FIGO III). Rate of adjuvant chemotherapy was above 50%. Conclusion: The results elucidate quality measurements and treatment results and show good treatment outcomes in patients with primary diagnosis. However, they also indicate deficits and can help to establish new quality indicators to further improve the treatment.
Critical rotation of general-relativistic polytropic models simulating neutron stars: a post-Newtonian hybrid approximative scheme
Creators: name: Geroyannis, Vassilis S.
name: Karageorgopoulos, Vasileios G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a "hybrid approximative scheme" in the framework of the post-Newtonian approximation for computing general-relativistic polytropic models simulating neutron stars in critical rigid rotation. We treat the differential equations governing such a model as a "complex initial value problem", and we solve it by using the so-called "complex-plane strategy". We incorporate into the computations the complete solution for the relativistic effects, this issue representing a significant improvement with regard to the classical post-Newtonian approximation, as verified by extended comparisons of the numerical results.
description: 24 pages
Exceptional Lie Algebra $E_{7(-25)}$ (Multiplets and Invariant Differential Operators)
Creators: name: Dobrev, V. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In the present paper we continue the project of systematic construction of invariant differential operators on the example of the non-compact exceptional algebra $E_{7(-25)}$. Our choice of this particular algebra is motivated by the fact that it belongs to a narrow class of algebras, which we call 'conformal Lie algebras', which have very similar properties to the conformal algebras of $n$-dimensional Minkowski space-time. This class of algebras is identified and summarized in a table. Another motivation is related to the AdS/CFT correspondence. We give the multiplets of indecomposable elementary representations, including the necessary data for all relevant invariant differential operators.
description: 20 pages, 2 figures, TEX with input files harvmac.tex, amssym.def, amssym.tex; v2: added references; v3: change of normalization in f-lae (4.1) and (4.7); v4 corrected misprint. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:0812.2655
Tracing the Conversion of Gas into Stars in Young Massive Cluster Progenitors
Creators: name: Walker, D. L.
name: Longmore, S. N.
name: Bastian, N.
name: Kruijssen, J. M. D.
name: Rathborne, J. M.
name: Jackson, J. M.
name: Foster, J. B.
name: Contreras, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Whilst young massive clusters (YMCs; $M$ $\gtrsim$ 10$^{4}$ M$_{\odot}$, age $\lesssim$ 100 Myr) have been identified in significant numbers, their progenitor gas clouds have eluded detection. Recently, four extreme molecular clouds residing within 200 pc of the Galactic centre have been identified as having the properties thought necessary to form YMCs. Here we utilise far-IR continuum data from the Herschel Infrared Galactic Plane Survey (HiGAL) and millimetre spectral line data from the Millimetre Astronomy Legacy Team 90 GHz Survey (MALT90) to determine their global physical and kinematic structure. We derive their masses, dust temperatures and radii and use virial analysis to conclude that they are all likely gravitationally bound -- confirming that they are likely YMC progenitors. We then compare the density profiles of these clouds to those of the gas and stellar components of the Sagittarius B2 Main and North proto-clusters and the stellar distribution of the Arches YMC. We find that even in these clouds -- the most massive and dense quiescent clouds in the Galaxy -- the gas is not compact enough to form an Arches-like ($M$ = 2x10$^{4}$ M$_{\odot}$, R$_{eff}$ = 0.4 pc) stellar distribution. Further dynamical processes would be required to condense the resultant population, indicating that the mass becomes more centrally concentrated as the (proto)-cluster evolves. These results suggest that YMC formation may proceed hierarchically rather than through monolithic collapse.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures, 1 table. Accepted by MNRAS
Powerset multi-class cross entropy loss for neural speaker diarization
Creators: name: Plaquet, Alexis
name: Bredin, Hervé
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Since its introduction in 2019, the whole end-to-end neural diarization (EEND) line of work has been addressing speaker diarization as a frame-wise multi-label classification problem with permutation-invariant training. Despite EEND showing great promise, a few recent works took a step back and studied the possible combination of (local) supervised EEND diarization with (global) unsupervised clustering. Yet, these hybrid contributions did not question the original multi-label formulation. We propose to switch from multi-label (where any two speakers can be active at the same time) to powerset multi-class classification (where dedicated classes are assigned to pairs of overlapping speakers). Through extensive experiments on 9 different benchmarks, we show that this formulation leads to significantly better performance (mostly on overlapping speech) and robustness to domain mismatch, while eliminating the detection threshold hyperparameter, critical for the multi-label formulation.
Functional differentiation and scalable production of renal proximal tubular epithelial cells from human pluripotent stem cells in a dynamic culture system
Creators: name: Thanh Ngo, Thao Thi
name: Rossbach, Bella
name: Sébastien, Isabelle
name: Neubauer, Julia C.
name: Kurtz, Andreas
name: Hariharan, Krithika
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: alginate
subject: bioreactor
subject: functional tubular epithelial cells
subject: kidney differentiation
subject: Pluripotent stem cells
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Objective: To provide a standardized protocol for large-scale production of proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTEC) generated from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC). Methods: The hPSC were expanded and differentiated into PTEC on matrix-coated alginate beads in an automated levitating fluidic platform bioLevitator. Differentiation efficacy was evaluated by immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry, ultrastructure visualized by electron microscopy. Active reabsorption by PTEC was investigated by glucose, albumin, organic anions and cations uptake assays. Finally, the response to cisplatin-treatment was assessed to check the potential use of PTEC to model drug-induced nephrotoxicity. Results: hPSC expansion and PTEC differentiation could be performed directly on matrix-coated alginate beads in suspension bioreactors. Renal precursors arose 4 days post hPSC differentiation and PTEC after 8 days with 80% efficiency, with a 10-fold expansion from hPSC in 24 days. PTEC on beads, exhibited microvilli and clear apico-basal localization of markers. Functionality of PTECs was confirmed by uptake of glucose, albumin, organic anions and cations and expression of KIM-1 after Cisplatin treatment. Conclusion: We demonstrate the efficient expansion of hPSC, controlled differentiation to renal progenitors and further specification to polarized tubular epithelial cells. This is the first report employing biolevitation and matrix-coated beads in a completely defined medium for the scalable and potentially automatable production of functional human PTEC.
A discreteness criterion for groups containing parabolic isometries
Creators: name: Erlandsson, Viveka
name: Zakeri, Saeed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 22E40, 30F40

description: This note will prove a discreteness criterion for groups of orientation-preserving isometries of the hyperbolic space which contain a parabolic element. It can be viewed as a generalization of the well-known results of Shimizu-Leutbecher and Jorgensen in dimensions 2 and 3, and is closely related to Waterman's inequality in higher dimensions. Unlike his algebraic method, the argument presented here is geometric and yields an improved asymptotic bound.
description: Substantially revised version, now covering all dimensions. 8 pages, 1 figure
Fragmentation of brittle plates by localized impact
Creators: name: Falcão, Rebeca C.
name: Parisio, Fernando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this letter we address the fragmentation of thin, brittle layers due to the impact of high-velocity projectiles. Our approach is a geometric statistical one, with lines and circles playing the role of cracks, randomly distributed over the surface. The specific probabilities employed to place the fractures come from an analysis of how the energy input propagates and dissipates over the material. The cumulative mass distributions $F(m)$ we obtain are in excellent agreement with the experimental data produced by T. Kadono [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 78}, 1444 (1997)]. Particularly, in the small mass regime we get $F(m)\sim m^{-α}$, with $0.1
Living Conditions and the Mental Health and Well-being of Refugees: Evidence from a Large-Scale German Survey
Creators: name: Walther, Lena
name: Fuchs, Lukas M.
name: Schupp, Jürgen
name: Von Scheve, Christian
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Refugees
subject: Mental health
subject: Well-being
subject: Integration
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Refugees are at an increased risk of mental health problems and low subjective well-being. Living circumstances in the host country are thought to play a vital role in shaping these health outcomes, which, in turn, are prerequisites for successful integration. Using data from a representative survey of 4325 adult refugees who arrived in Germany between 2013 and 2016, we investigated how different living conditions, especially those subject to integration policies, are associated with psychological distress and life satisfaction using linear regression models. Our findings show that an uncertain legal status, separation from family, and living in refugee housing facilities are related to higher levels of distress and decreased life satisfaction. Being employed, contact to members of the host society, and better host country language skills, by contrast, are related to reduced distress and higher levels of life satisfaction. These associations should inform decision making in a highly contested policy area.
Conformal Fitness and Uniformization of Holomorphically Moving Disks
Creators: name: Zakeri, Saeed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37Fxx, 30C85

description: Let $\{U_t \}_{t \in {\mathbb D}}$ be a family of topological disks on the Riemann sphere containing the origin 0 whose boundaries undergo a holomorphic motion over the unit disk $\mathbb D$. We study the question of when there exists a family of Riemann maps $g_t:({\mathbb D},0) \to (U_t,0)$ which depends holomorphically on the parameter $t$. We give five equivalent conditions which provide analytic, dynamical and measure-theoretic characterizations for the existence of the family $\{g_t \}_{t \in {\mathbb D}}$, and explore the consequences.
description: 32 pages, 4 figures
Blending gradient boosted trees and neural networks for point and probabilistic forecasting of hierarchical time series
Creators: name: Nasios, Ioannis
name: Vogklis, Konstantinos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: In this paper we tackle the problem of point and probabilistic forecasting by describing a blending methodology of machine learning models that belong to gradient boosted trees and neural networks families. These principles were successfully applied in the recent M5 Competition on both Accuracy and Uncertainty tracks. The keypoints of our methodology are: a) transform the task to regression on sales for a single day b) information rich feature engineering c) create a diverse set of state-of-the-art machine learning models and d) carefully construct validation sets for model tuning. We argue that the diversity of the machine learning models along with the careful selection of validation examples, where the most important ingredients for the effectiveness of our approach. Although forecasting data had an inherent hierarchy structure (12 levels), none of our proposed solutions exploited that hierarchical scheme. Using the proposed methodology, our team was ranked within the gold medal range in both Accuracy and the Uncertainty track. Inference code along with already trained models are available at https://github.com/IoannisNasios/M5_Uncertainty_3rd_place
Offline trapping of $^{221}$Fr in a magneto-optical trap from implantation of an $^{225}$Ac ion beam
Creators: name: Tandecki, M.
name: Zhang, J.
name: Aubin, S.
name: Behr, J. A.
name: Collister, R.
name: Gomez, E.
name: Gwinner, G.
name: Heggen, H.
name: Lassen, J.
name: Orozco, L. A.
name: Pearson, M. R.
name: Raeder, S.
name: Teigelhöfer, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate a new technique to prepare an offline source of francium for trapping in a magneto-optical trap. Implanting a radioactive beam of $^{225}$Ac, $t_{1/2} = 9.920(3)$ days, in a foil, allows use of the decay products, i.e.$^{221}$Fr, $t_{1/2} = 288.0(4)$ s. $^{221}$Fr is ejected from the foil by the $α$ decay of $^{225}$Ac. This technique is compatible with the online accumulation of a laser-cooled atomic francium sample for a series of planned parity non-conservation measurements at TRIUMF. We obtain a 34% release efficiency for $^{221}$Fr from the recoil source based on particle detector measurements. We find that laser cooling operation with the source is $8^{+10}_{-5}$ times less efficient than from a mass-separated ion beam of $^{221}$Fr in the current geometry. While the flux of this source is two to three orders of magnitude lower than typical francium beams from ISOL facilities, the source provides a longer-term supply of francium for offline studies.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in JINST
Supplementary document for Blur-Specific Image Quality Assessment of Microscopic Hyperspectral Images - 6224475.pdf
Creators: name: Quintana, Laura Quintana
name: Ortega, Samuel
name: Fabelo, Himar
name: Balea-Fernández, Francisco
name: Callicó, Gustavo
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplementary Material Document
On Margulis cusps of hyperbolic 4-manifolds
Creators: name: Erlandsson, Viveka
name: Zakeri, Saeed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 22E40, 30F40, 32Q45

description: We study the geometry of the Margulis region associated with an irrational screw translation $g$ acting on the 4-dimensional real hyperbolic space. This is an invariant domain with the parabolic fixed point of $g$ on its boundary which plays the role of an invariant horoball for a translation in dimensions $\leq 3$. The boundary of the Margulis region is described in terms of a function $B_α: [0,\infty) \to {\mathbb R}$ which solely depends on the rotation angle $α\in {\mathbb R}/{\mathbb Z}$ of $g$. We obtain an asymptotically universal upper bound for $B_α(r)$ as $r \to \infty$ for arbitrary irrational $α$, as well as lower bounds when $α$ is Diophatine and the optimal bound when $α$ is of bounded type. We investigate the implications of these results for the geometry of Margulis cusps of hyperbolic 4-manifolds that correspond to irrational screw translations acting on the universal cover. Among other things, we prove bi-Lipschitz rigidity of these cusps.
description: 34 pages, 6 figures
Die Hindernisse, die der Wiedervereinigung aller Christen immer wieder entgegenstehen, mögen durch die Wahrheit und die Liebe Christi weggeräumt werden
Publisher: name: Herder Korrespondenz
Year: 1970

description: Herder Korrespondenz, Bd. 15 Nr. 3 (1960): Herder Korrespondenz, Band 15, Heft 3
Supplementary document for Bendable long graded index lens microendoscopy - 6020821.pdf
Creators: name: Liu, Guigen
name: Kang, Jeon Woong
name: Bhagavatula, Sharath
name: Ahn, Sebastian
name: So, Peter
name: Tearney, Guillermo
name: Jonas, Oliver
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 111302 Optical Technology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Supplemental Materials
Studying the YMC population of M83: how long clusters remain embedded, their interaction with the ISM and implications for GC formation theories
Creators: name: Hollyhead, Katherine
name: Bastian, Nate
name: Adamo, Angela
name: Silva-Villa, Esteban
name: Dale, Jim
name: Ryon, Jenna
name: Gazak, Zack
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The study of young massive clusters can provide key information for the formation of globular clusters, as they are often considered analogues. A currently unanswered question in this field is how long these massive clusters remain embedded in their natal gas, with important implications for the formation of multiple populations that have been used to explain phenomena observed in globular clusters. We present an analysis of ages and masses of the young massive cluster population of M83. Through visual inspection of the clusters, and comparison of their SEDs and position in colour-colour space, the clusters are all exposed (no longer embedded) by < 4 Myr, most likely less, indicating that current proposed age spreads within older clusters are unlikely. We also present several methods of constraining the ages of very young massive clusters. This can often be difficult using SED fitting due to a lack of information to disentangle age-extinction degeneracies and possible inaccurate assumptions in the models used for the fitting. The individual morphology of the Halpha around each cluster has a significant effect on the measured fluxes, which contributes to inaccuracies in the age estimates for clusters younger than 10 Myr using SED fitting. This is due to model uncertainties and aperture effects. Our methods to help constrain ages of young clusters include using the near-infrared and spectral features, such as Wolf-Rayet stars.
description: 14 pages, accepted for publication in MNRAS
The Role of Immunosuppression for Recurrent Cholangiocellular Carcinoma after Liver Transplantation
Creators: name: Gül-Klein, Safak
name: Schmitz, Paulina
name: Schöning, Wenzel
name: Öllinger, Robert
name: Lurje, Georg
name: Jonas, Sven
name: Uluk, Deniz
name: Pelzer, Uwe
name: Tacke, Frank
name: Schmelzle, Moritz
name: Pratschke, Johann
name: Ossami Saidy, Ramin Raul
name: Eurich, Dennis
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: cholangiocellular carcinoma
subject: liver transplantation
subject: recurrent cholangiocellular carcinoma
subject: reduced immunosuppression
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Simple Summary: Oncological follow-up after liver transplantation for cholangiocellular carcinoma must consider the risk of recurrence. Immunosuppressive medication with so-called mTOR inhibitors seems to have a tumor-suppressive effect, as improved survival has been shown under this medication for patients with recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation. The aim of our study was to investigate recurrence and survival in relation to tumor type and type of immunosuppression for cholangiocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation. The time from liver transplantation to recurrence and survival after cancer recurrence were endpoints of the study. Significant improvement in survival for recurrent cholangiocellular carcinoma was seen after surgical resection and reduction in immunosuppression, while N1 status at transplantation and histological Grading >1 were associated with worse outcomes. Abstract: Liver transplantation (LT) for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), or biliary tract cancer (BTC), remains controversial regarding high recurrence rates and poor prognosis. Oncological follow-up may benefit from tumor-inhibiting properties of mTOR inhibitors (mTORI), shown with improved survival for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients after LT. The aim of this study was to investigate the recurrence and survival in relation to tumor type and type of immunosuppression (IS). LT patients with CCA or mixed HCC/CCA (mHCC/CCA) (n = 67) were retrospectively analyzed. Endpoints were the time from LT to recurrence (n = 44) and survival after recurrence. Statistically significant impairment in survival for recurrent CCA (rCCA) was shown in patients not eligible for surgical resection (HR 2.46 (CI: 1.2-5.1; p = 0.02). Histological proven grading >1 and N1 status at initial transplantation were associated with impaired survival (HR 0.13 (CI: 0.03-0.58); p < 0.01 and HR 3.4 (CI: 1.0-11.65); p = 0.05). Reduced IS after tumor recurrence improved survival (HR 4.2/CI: 1.3-13.6; p = 0.02). MTORI initiation before recurrence or after had no significant impact on survival. Our data thereby indicate, similar to findings in recurrent HCC after LT, that patients with rCCA after LT benefit from a reduction in IS upon recurrence.
Edge Clique Cover of Claw-free Graphs
Creators: name: Javadi, Ramin
name: Hajebi, Sepehr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The smallest number of cliques, covering all edges of a graph $ G $, is called the (edge) clique cover number of $ G $ and is denoted by $ cc(G) $. It is an easy observation that for every line graph $ G $ with $ n $ vertices, $cc(G)\leq n $. G. Chen et al. [Discrete Math. 219 (2000), no. 1--3, 17--26; MR1761707] extended this observation to all quasi-line graphs and questioned if the same assertion holds for all claw-free graphs. In this paper, using the celebrated structure theorem of claw-free graphs due to Chudnovsky and Seymour, we give an affirmative answer to this question for all claw-free graphs with independence number at least three. In particular, we prove that if $ G $ is a connected claw-free graph on $ n $ vertices with $ α(G)\geq 3 $, then $ cc(G)\leq n $ and equality holds if and only if $ G $ is either the graph of icosahedron, or the complement of a graph on $10$ vertices called twister or the $p^{th}$ power of the cycle $ C_n $, for $1\leq p \leq \lfloor (n-1)/3\rfloor $.
description: 74 pages, 4 figures
Global research characteristics and trends of infection after spinal implant surgery: a bibliometric analysis
Creators: name: Li, Cheng
name: Wu, Haiyang
name: Sun, Zhiming
name: Donara, Margaryan
name: Chen, Zihao
name: Trampuz, Andrej
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: spinal implant surgery
subject: infection
subject: infection after spinal implant surgery (IASIS).
subject: Bibliometric analysis
subject: research trends
subject: social media
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: With the growing awareness of postoperative infection, increasing focus has been placed on infection after spinal implant surgery (IASIS). This study aimed to explore the development and trends of research regarding IASIS using bibliometric analysis. Methods: Scientific articles on IASIS research published between February 1, 2000, and December 31, 2020 were retrieved from the Web of Science database. Results: A total of 820 publications were included in the bibliometric analysis, with studies originating from 46 countries and 6 languages. Researchers from the United States published the highest number of articles and collaborated closely with researchers in Canada, Germany, and Japan. The author with the most publications was Alexander R. Vaccaro. The journal with the most articles and citations was Spine. Most of the research was performed on risk factors and the incidence of IASIS. Co-occurrence analysis revealed that the most recent research trend was likely related to the management of IASIS and the international consensus meeting. Three clusters of research were identified through a thematic map: diagnosis and treatment of IASIS, scoliosis-related infection, and risk factors and prevention of IASIS. Conclusions: Research on IASIS increasingly grew between 2000 and 2020. Spinal surgeons and institutes from the United States had the highest number of publications and academic impact in this field. Diagnosisrelated problems and multidisciplinary work on IASIS require further attention in the future. Current trends in IASIS are likely associated with IASIS management and the international consensus meeting.
Disentangling Planets and Stellar Activity for Gliese 667C
Creators: name: Robertson, Paul
name: Mahadevan, Suvrath
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gliese 667C is an M1.5V star with a multi-planet system, including planet candidates in the habitable zone (HZ). The exact number of planets in the system is unclear, because the existing radial velocity (RV) measurements are known to contain contributions from stellar magnetic activity. Following our analysis of Gliese 581 (Robertson et al. 2014), we have analyzed the effect of stellar activity on the HARPS/HARPS-TERRA RVs of GJ 667C, finding significant RV-activity correlation when using the width (FWHM) of the HARPS cross-correlation function to trace magnetic activity. When we correct for this correlation, we confirm the detections of the previously-observed planets b and c in the system, while simultaneously ascribing the RV signal near 90 days ("planet d") to an artifact of the stellar rotation. We are unable to confirm the existence of the additional RV periodicities described in Anglada-Escude et al. (2013) in our activity-corrected data.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letters
Characterization of black hole accretion through image moment invariants
Creators: name: Jiménez-Rosales, A.
name: Yfantis, A. I.
name: Mościbrodzka, M. A.
name: Dexter, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply image moment invariant analysis to total intensity and polarimetric images calculated from general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations of accreting black holes. We characterize different properties of the models in our library by their invariant distributions and their evolution in time. We show that they are highly sensitive to different physical effects present in the system which allow for model discrimination. We propose a new model scoring method based on image moment invariants that is uniformly applicable to total intensity and polarimetric images simultaneously. The method does not depend on the type of images considered and its application to other non-ring like images (e.g., jets) is straight forward.
description: 17 pages, 19 figures, accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (MNRAS)
Registration for "What’s in a Badge? A Computational Reproducibility Investigation of the Open Data Badge Policy in one Issue of Psychological Science"
Creators: name: Crüwell, Sophia
name: Apthorp, Deborah
name: Baker, Bradley
name: Colling, Lincoln
name: Elson, Malte
name: Geiger, Sandra
name: Lobentanzer, Sebastian
name: Monéger, Jean
name: Patterson, Alex
name: Schwarzkopf, D. Samuel
name: Zaneva, Mirela
name: Brown, Nicholas
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Other Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: badges
subject: open code
subject: open data
subject: open science
subject: Psychological Science
subject: reproducibility

description: Registration of the data and code shared alongside the manuscript "What’s in a Badge? A Computational Reproducibility Investigation of the Open Data Badge Policy in one Issue of Psychological Science". This is not a pre-registration.
Charmed-strange Meson Spectrum: Old and New Problems
Creators: name: Segovia, Jorge
name: Entem, David R.
name: Fernandez, Francisco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The LHCb Collaboration has recently reported the observation for the first time of a spin-$3$ resonance in the heavy quark sector. They have shown that the $\bar{D}^{0}K^{-}$ structure seen in the $B_{s}^{0}\to \bar{D}^{0}K^{-}π^{+}$ reaction and with invariant mass $2.86\,{\rm GeV}$ is an admixture of a spin-$1$ and a spin-$3$ resonances. Motivated by the good agreement between our theoretical predictions some time ago and the properties extracted from the experiment of the $D_{s1}^{\ast}(2860)$ and $D_{s3}^{\ast}(2860)$ states, we perform an extension of the study of the strong decay properties of the $D_{sJ}^{\ast}(2860)$ and present the same analysis for the $D_{s1}^{\ast}(2700)$ and $D_{sJ}(3040)$ mesons. This provides a unified and simultaneous description of the three higher excited charmed-strange resonances observed until now. For completeness, we present theoretical results for masses and strong decays of the low-lying charmed-strange mesons and those experimental missing states which belong to the spin-multiplets of the discovered $D_{s1}^{\ast}(2700)$, $D_{sJ}^{\ast}(2860)$ and $D_{sJ}(3040)$ resonances. The theoretical framework used is a constituent quark model which successfully describes hadron phenomenology from light to heavy quark sectors.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1205.2215
Multiple sclerosis: characterisation of NK and innate lymphoid cell subsets
Creators: name: Birch, Grace Caroline
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2020

description: Natural killer cells (NKC) are innate lymphocytes associated with viral recognition and tumour immunology. NKC are also implicated in autoimmunity and studies have suggested both pathogenic and regulatory roles in multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of this thesis was to analyse NKC subsets in MS in greater detail. Work in the Boyton/Altmann laboratory identified distinct subsets of NKC that were CD56dimCD27-CD57+CD8+ (DP) and CD56dimCD27-CD57-CD8- (TN), that show altered frequency in patients with MS. It was suggested that a proportion of cells in the TN subset might be better characterised as innate lymphoid cells (ILC) due to their expression of c-Kit and IL-7R. Here, detailed transcriptomic analysis of these two NKC subsets by RNA-sequencing suggests that indeed, the TN subset is either itself, or contains a population that can be, better defined as c-Kit+ ILC2 or ILC3. Genes expressed included KIT and IL-7R as well as NKX3-1, IL1RL1 (the receptor for IL-33) and TNFRS19. Furthermore, this subset expressed genes associated with HLA-II antigen presentation as well as the costimulatory receptors, CD80 and CD86. DP and TN NKC expressed markers associated with trafficking towards and transmigration across the blood-brain barrier. Furthermore, in vitro transmigration assays showed TN NKC migrated towards supernatant from myelin peptideactivated PBMC. Relapsing MS patients had an increased percentage of c-Kit+ILC2 in peripheral blood when compared to stable MS patients and healthy controls. This supports a potential role for c-Kit+ILC2 and perhaps a subset of TN NKC that might be better described as c-Kit+ ILC2, in MS relapse and highlights these cells as a subject for further investigation, given that the literature describe a similar subset in murine EAE, able to attenuate Th17 polarised responses via the production of type- 2 cytokines. The findings suggest the potential for new MS therapeutics based on biologics to modulate NKC subsets.
Hall-Petch analysis for temperature and strain rate dependent deformation of polycrystalline lead
Creators: name: Panin, V.E.
name: Armstrong, R.W.
Publisher: name: Физическая мезомеханика
Year: 2015
Subjects: ДИСЛОКАЦИОННЫЙ РАСЧЕТ K ε УРАВНЕНИЯ ХОЛЛА-ПЕТЧА
ПОЛИКРИСТАЛЛИЧЕСКИЙ СВИНєЦ
СОГЛАСИЕ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫХ И ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИХ ЗАВИСИМОСТЕЙ K ε 2 = F (T )
ОТСУТСТВИЕ СОГЛАСИЯ ПРИ ОЧЕНЬ НИЗКИХ T
РОЛЬ КРИВИЗНЫ КРИСТАЛЛИЧЕСКОЙ РЕШЕТКИ И РАЗВИТИЯ ПОЛОСОВЫХ СТРУКТУР
DISLOCATION PILE-UP ANALYSIS OF THE HALL-PETCH K ε FOR POLYCRYSTALLINE LEAD
AGREEMENT BETWEEN THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL DEPENDENCIES K ε 2 = F (T)
THE AGREEMENT LACK AT VERY LOW T
THE ROLE OF CRYSTAL LATTICE CURVATURE AND SHEAR BANDS DEVELOPMENT

description: A dislocation pile-up analysis of the Hall-Petch k ε for the tensile deformation of polycrystalline lead over a wide range of temperature T and at two strain rates has been made. The predicted and experimental dependencies of the Hall-Petch k ε 2 = f (T) are in good agreement. Lower than predicted k ε values at very low temperatures are attributed to the high curvature of grain boundaries which experience high localized plasticity and consequent shear banding.
Periodontal Disorders and its Management in Small Animals
Creators: name: Shivansh Mehra1, Bhanu Pratap Singh1, Faslu Rahman A. T.2, Varun Kumar Sarkar3, Vinay Kumar S. D.2
Publisher: name: The Science world a Monthly e magazine
Year: 2024

description: Periodontal disease is inflammation of some or all of the tooth’s support structures (gingiva, cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone). When compared to gingivitis, periodontitis indicates bone loss caused by bacteria. Initially a pellicle forms on the clean tooth. The pellicle attracts aerobic gram-positive bacteria, primarily Actinomyces and Streptococci. Soon more bacteria adhere forming plaque. Within days the plaque thickens, underlying bacteria run out of oxygen and anaerobic motile rods and spirochetes begin to populate the sub-gingival area. Endotoxins released by the anaerobic bacteria cause tissue destruction and bone loss. Microscopic lesions have been found affecting dog’s livers, kidneys, and brains in some animals with periodontal disease.
The three-loop cusp anomalous dimension in QCD
Creators: name: Grozin, Andrey
name: Henn, Johannes M.
name: Korchemsky, Gregory P.
name: Marquard, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the full analytic result for the three-loop angle-dependent cusp anomalous dimension in QCD. With this result, infrared divergences of planar scattering processes with massive particles can be predicted to that order. Moreover, we define a closely related quantity in terms of an effective coupling defined by the light-like cusp anomalous dimension. We find evidence that this quantity is universal for any gauge theory, and use this observation to predict the non-planar $n_{f}$-dependent terms of the four-loop cusp anomalous dimension.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures