cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
DECREASING CENTRAL LINE-ASSOCIATED BLOODSTREAM INFECTIONS ACQUIRED IN THE HOME SETTING AMONG PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY PATIENTS
Creators: name: Altounji, Diane Rita
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: Most children receiving cancer treatment require a central venous catheter (CVC), putting them at risk for central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI). As patients are discharged home with a CVC in place, caregivers are expected to maintain the CVC following an in-hospital education session prior to their first discharge home. Following a review of the literature, the education process was modified to improve the quality of education for caregivers. While the existing step-by-step handbook was reviewed and deemed aligned with best practices, other materials were added for this project: a caregiver skills competency checklist, a handout reviewing oral care and hygiene in the home, and a guide for nurses on what materials to provide families at the time of diagnosis. Additionally, caregivers were required to receive two additional CVC care reinforcement sessions during their subsequent admissions to the inpatient units, which involved redemonstrations of skills using the competency checklist. Homeacquired CLABSI in pre-and post-intervention groups were compared, and compliance of reinforcement education was measured. Though no statistical significance was found, the odds of experiencing a CLABSI were found to be higher in the pre-intervention group for mucosal-barrier injury (OR 2.23 95% CI 0.43-22.10) and laboratory-confirmed bloodstream infections (OR 4.53 95% CI 0.59-2-3.71). The clinical significance of reducing home-acquired CLABSI has a positive impact on patient outcomes by decreasing morbidity and mortality, inpatient lengths of stay, and overall healthcare costs.
Proper acceleration, geometric tachyon and dynamics of a fundamental string near D$p$ branes
Creators: name: Das, Ashok
name: Panda, Sudhakar
name: Roy, Shibaji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed analysis of our recent observation that the origin of the geometric tachyon, which arises when a D$p$-brane propagates in the vicinity of a stack of coincident NS5-branes, is due to the proper acceleration generated by the background dilaton field. We show that when a fundamental string (F-string), described by the Nambu-Goto action, is moving in the background of a stack of coincident D$p$-branes, the geometric tachyon mode can also appear since the overall conformal mode of the induced metric for the string can act as a source for proper acceleration. We also studied the detailed dynamics of the F-string as well as the instability by mapping the Nambu-Goto action of the F-string to the tachyon effective action of the non-BPS D-string. We qualitatively argue that the condensation of the geometric tachyon is responsible for the (F,D$p$) bound state formation.
description: 26 pages, v2: added references, v3: one ref. updated, to appear in Class. and Quant. Gravity
In-Plane Plasmon Coupling in Topological Insulator Bi$_2$Se$_3$ Thin Films
Creators: name: Nasir, Saadia
name: Wang, Zhengtianye
name: Mambakkam, Sivakumar V.
name: Law, Stephanie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The surface states of the 3D topological insulator (TI), Bi$_2$Se$_3$, are known to host two-dimensional Dirac plasmon polaritons (DPPs) in the terahertz spectral range. In TI thin films, the DPPs excited on the top and bottom surfaces couple, leading to an acoustic and an optical plasmon mode. Vertical coupling in these materials is therefore reasonable well-understood, but in-plane coupling among localized TI DPPs has yet to be investigated. In this paper, we demonstrate in-plane DPP coupling in TI stripe arrays and show that they exhibit dipole-dipole type coupling. The coupling becomes negligible with the lattice constant is greater than approximately 2.8 times the stripe width, which is comparable to results for in-plane coupling of localized plasmons excited on metallic nanoparticles or graphene plasmon polaritons. This understanding could be leveraged for the creation of TI-based metasurfaces.
Space-filling models of the dinitrogen trioxide molecule
Creators: name: Chen, Junjie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 30606 Structural Chemistry and Spectroscopy
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Dinitrogen trioxide is a chemical compound. It is one of the simple nitrogen oxides. It forms upon mixing equal parts of nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide. Dinitrogen trioxide is only isolable at low temperatures, namely in the liquid and solid phases. In liquid and solid states, it has a deep blue color. At higher temperatures the equilibrium favors the constituent gases. This compound is sometimes called "nitrogen trioxide", but this name properly refers to another compound, the (uncharged) nitrate radical. When a mixture of equal parts of nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide is cooled, the gases form dinitrogen trioxide. Contributor: Junjie Chen, ORCID: 0000-0001-5055-4309, E-mail address: komcjj@gmail.com, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2000 Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454000, P.R. China
Towards Real-World Applications of ServiceX, an Analysis Data Transformation System
Creators: name: Choi, KyungEon
name: Eckart, Andrew
name: Galewsky, Ben
name: Gardner, Robert
name: Neubauer, Mark S.
name: Onyisi, Peter
name: Proffitt, Mason
name: Vukotic, Ilija
name: Watts, Gordon T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the biggest challenges in the High-Luminosity LHC (HL- LHC) era will be the significantly increased data size to be recorded and analyzed from the collisions at the ATLAS and CMS experiments. ServiceX is a software R&D project in the area of Data Organization, Management and Access of the IRIS- HEP to investigate new computational models for the HL- LHC era. ServiceX is an experiment-agnostic service to enable on-demand data delivery specifically tailored for nearly-interactive vectorized analyses. It is capable of retrieving data from grid sites, on-the-fly data transformation, and delivering user-selected data in a variety of different formats. New features will be presented that make the service ready for public use. An ongoing effort to integrate ServiceX with a popular statistical analysis framework in ATLAS will be described with an emphasis of a practical implementation of ServiceX into the physics analysis pipeline.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, 2 listings, 1 table, submitted to the 25th International Conference on Computing in High Energy & Nuclear Physics
Large gauge invariant non-standard neutrino interactions
Creators: name: Gavela, M. B.
name: Hernandez, D.
name: Ota, T.
name: Winter, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Theories beyond the Standard Model must necessarily respect its gauge symmetry. This implies strict constraints on the possible models of non-standard neutrino interactions, which we analyze. The focus is set on the effective low-energy dimension six and eight operators involving four leptons, decomposing them according to all possible tree-level mediators, as a guide for model building. The new couplings are required to have sizeable strength, while processes involving four charged leptons are required to be suppressed. For non-standard interactions in matter, only diagonal tau-neutrino interactions can escape these requirements and can be allowed to result from dimension six operators. Large non-standard neutrino interactions from dimension eight operators alone are phenomenologically allowed in all flavour channels and shown to require at least two new mediator particles. The new couplings must obey general cancellation conditions both at the dimension six and eight levels, which result from expressing the operators obtained from the mediator analysis in terms of a complete basis of operators. We illustrate with one example how to apply this information to model building.
description: 34 pages, 4 figures, 5 tables. Final version in PRD
Decoupling and integrability of nonassociative vacuum phase space gravitational equations with star and R-flux parametric deformations
Creators: name: Veliev, Elşen Veli
name: Bubuianu, Laurenţiu
name: Vacaru, Sergiu I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prove that nonassociative star deformed vacuum Einstein equations can be decoupled and integrated in certain general forms on phase spaces involving real R-flux terms induced as parametric corrections on base Lorentz manifold spacetimes. The geometric constructions are elaborated with parametric (on respective Planck, $\hbar $, and string, $κ:=\mathit{\ell }_{s}^{3}/6\hbar $, constants) and nonholonomic dyadic decompositions of fundamental geometric and physical objects. This is our second partner work on elaborating nonassociative geometric and gravity theories with symmetric and nonsymmetric metrics, (non) linear connections, star deformations defined by generalized Moyal-Weyl products, endowed with quasi-Hopf algebra, or other type algebraic and geometric structures, and all adapted to nonholonomic distributions and frames. We construct exact and parametric solutions for nonassociative vacuum configurations (with nontrivial or effective cosmological constants) defined by star deformed generic off-diagonal (non) symmetric metrics and (generalized) nonlinear and linear connections. The coefficients of geometric objects defining such solutions are determined by respective classes of generating and integration functions and constants and may depend on all phase space coordinates [spacetime ones, $(x^{i},t)$; and momentum like variables, $(p_{a},E$)]. Quasi-stationary configurations are stated by solutions with spacetime Killing symmetry on a time like vector $\partial _{t}$ but with possible dependencies on momentum like coordinates on star deformed phase spaces.
description: latex2e, 11pt, 68 pages, 2d partner work; v2 with minor typos correction and updated references comparing to v1, arXiv:submit/3646742 from March 12, 2021
Bulk NdNiO2 is thermodynamically unstable with respect to decomposition while hydrogenation reduces the instability and transforms it from metal to insulator
Creators: name: Malyi, Oleksandr I.
name: Varignon, Julien
name: Zunger, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Through CaH2 chemical reduction of a parent R3+Ni3+O3 perovskite form, superconductivity was recently achieved in Sr-doped NdNiO2 on SrTiO3 substrate. Using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we find that stoichiometric NdNiO2 is significantly unstable with respect to decomposition into 1/2[Nd2O3 + NiO + Ni] with exothermic decomposition energy of +176 meV/atom, a considerably higher instability than that for common ternary oxides. This poses the question if the stoichiometric NdNiO2 nickelate compound used extensively to model the electronic band structure of Ni-based oxide analog to cuprates and found to be metallic is the right model for this purpose. To examine this, we study via DFT the role of the common H impurity expected to be present in the process of chemical reduction needed to obtain NdNiO2. We find that H can be incorporated exothermically, i.e., spontaneously in NdNiO2, even from H2 gas. In the concentrated limit, such impurities can result in the formation of a hydride compound NdNiO2H, which has significantly reduced instability relative to hydrogen-free NdNiO2. Interestingly, the hydrogenated form has a similar lattice constant as the pure form (leading to comparable XRD patterns), but unlike the metallic character of NdNiO2, the hydrogenated form is predicted to be a wide gap insulator thus, requiring doping to create a metallic or superconducting state, just like cuprates, but unlike unhydrogenated nickelates. While it is possible that hydrogen would be eventually desorbed, the calculation suggests that pristine NdNiO2 is hydrogen-stabilized. One must exercise caution with theories predicting new physics in pristine stoichiometric NdNiO2 as it might be an unrealizable compound. Experimental examination of the composition of real NdNiO2 superconductors and the effect of hydrogen on the superconductivity is called for.
description: 5
The tourist’s image of a city : Vancouver, B.C.
Creators: name: Nightingale Berry, Ellen Janet
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This is an exploratory study of the social construction of tourist images of Vancouver, British Columbia. The various definitions of "image" as used by social scientists are reviewed, and the concept of the image as a socially-constructed product of indirect and direct experience is developed. To illustrate the images of a place that may be derived from secondary sources, 192 periodical articles concerning Vancouver, written since 1907, are examined using a modified content analysis technique. Secondly, the images tourists actually acquire by visiting the city are studied. A questionnaire designed to ascertain the past travel experience, intentions, information sources, and images of the city was administered to 1-2- escorted tour groups who visited Vancouver in August and September 1978. The results suggest that Vancouver has the public image of a beautiful, exciting, booming, cosmopolitan city, with Stanley Park as its outstanding landmark. Negative images figure low in the overall impressions of Vancouver, although non-travel-oriented periodicals tend to present more information on crime and politics than do other periodicals. Both analyses suggest that holistic images of the city may provide organizing schemata around which particular images of individual places are built. The study points to the benefit of travel as an enriching experience, and emphasizes the importance of information sources in the development of a sense of place.
The Supersymmetric Higgs
Creators: name: Batra, Puneet
name: Ponton, Eduardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (the MSSM), the electroweak symmetry is restored as supersymmetry-breaking terms are turned off. We describe a generic extension of the MSSM where the electroweak symmetry is broken in the supersymmetric limit. We call this limit the "sEWSB" phase, short for supersymmetric electroweak symmetry breaking. We define this phase in an effective field theory that only contains the MSSM degrees of freedom. The sEWSB vacua naturally have an inverted scalar spectrum, where the heaviest CP-even Higgs state has Standard Model-like couplings to the massive vector bosons; experimental constraints in the scalar Higgs sector are more easily satisfied than in the MSSM.
description: 34 pages, 5 figures
Synthématique nominale : documents d'époque en alsacien de Mulhouse
Creators: name: Vogler
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: german dialectology, alsatian

description: La synthématique regroupe les procédés de composition et de dérivation, ici propres à l'alsacien de Mulhouse. Ils se distinguent de ceux de la syntagmatique en considération de l'impossibilité d'affecter des déterminations spécifiques aux composants en cause : le comportement des synthèmes est identique à celui des monèmes uniques. D'autre part, la synthématique fournit des unités qui font partie du 'trésor' de la langue, mais qui peuvent également se constituer de manière libre, tout en étant immédiatement comprises comme telles par l'auditeur.
A New Approach for Interpretability and Reliability in Clinical Risk Prediction: Acute Coronary Syndrome Scenario
Creators: name: Valente, Francisco
name: Henriques, Jorge
name: Paredes, Simão
name: Rocha, Teresa
name: de Carvalho, Paulo
name: Morais, João
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We intend to create a new risk assessment methodology that combines the best characteristics of both risk score and machine learning models. More specifically, we aim to develop a method that, besides having a good performance, offers a personalized model and outcome for each patient, presents high interpretability, and incorporates an estimation of the prediction reliability which is not usually available. By combining these features in the same approach we expect that it can boost the confidence of physicians to use such a tool in their daily activity. In order to achieve the mentioned goals, a three-step methodology was developed: several rules were created by dichotomizing risk factors; such rules were trained with a machine learning classifier to predict the acceptance degree of each rule (the probability that the rule is correct) for each patient; that information was combined and used to compute the risk of mortality and the reliability of such prediction. The methodology was applied to a dataset of patients admitted with any type of acute coronary syndromes (ACS), to assess the 30-days all-cause mortality risk. The performance was compared with state-of-the-art approaches: logistic regression (LR), artificial neural network (ANN), and clinical risk score model (Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events - GRACE). The proposed approach achieved testing results identical to the standard LR, but offers superior interpretability and personalization; it also significantly outperforms the GRACE risk model and the standard ANN model. The calibration curve also suggests a very good generalization ability of the obtained model as it approaches the ideal curve. Finally, the reliability estimation of individual predictions presented a great correlation with the misclassifications rate. Those properties may have a beneficial application in other clinical scenarios as well. [abridged]
description: Accepted for publication in the Artificial Intelligence in Medicine journal. Abstract abridged to respect the arXiv's characters limit
Building a Nest at Tree Level: Classical Metastability and Non-Trivial Vacuum Structure in Supersymmetric Field Theories
Creators: name: Dienes, Keith R.
name: Thomas, Brooks
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is becoming increasingly clear that metastable vacua may play a prominent role in supersymmetry-breaking. To date, however, this idea has been realized only in models where non-perturbative dynamics complicates the analysis of metastability. In this paper, we present a simple construction in which metastable vacua occur classically, i.e., at tree-level, and in which supersymmetry-breaking is sourced by both D-terms and F-terms. All relevant dynamics is perturbative, and hence calculations of vacuum energies and lifetimes can be performed explicitly. Moreover, we find that our construction can even give rise to multiple non-supersymmetric vacua which are degenerate. The non-trivial vacuum structure of such models therefore suggests that they can provide a rich arena for future studies of vacuum metastability in supersymmetric field theories. Our results may also have important consequences for Z' phenomenology and the string landscape.
description: 13 pages, ReVTeX, 3 figures, 2 tables
Topological Quantum Critical Points in Strong Coupling limits: Global Symmetries and Strongly Interacting Majorana Fermions
Creators: name: Zhou, Fei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article, we discuss strong coupling limits of topological quantum critical points (TQCPs) where quantum phase transitions between two topological distinct superconducting states take place. We illustrate that while superconducting phases on both sides of TQCPs spontaneously break same symmetries, universality classes of critical states can be identified only when global symmetries in topological states are further specified. In dimensions $d=2,3$, we find that continuous $(d+1)$th order transitions at weakly interacting TQCPs that were pointed out previously in the presence of emergent Lorentz symmetry can be terminated by strongly interacting fixed points of majorana fields. For $2d$ time reversal symmetry breaking TQCPs, termination points are supersymmetric with ${\mathcal N}=4N_f={1}$ (where $N_f$ is the number of four-component Dirac fermions and ${\mathcal N}$ is the number of two-component real fermions) beyond which transitions are discontinuous first order ones. For $2d$ time reversal symmetric TQCPs without other global symmetries, termination points of $(d+1)$th order continuous transition lines are generically conformal invariant without supersymmetry. Beyond these strong coupling fixed points, there are first-order discontinuous transitions as far as the protecting symmetry is not spontaneously broken but no direct transitions if the protecting symmetry is spontaneously broken in the presence of strong interactions. In $3d$, strong coupling termination points can be further effectively represented by new emergent gapless real bosons weakly coupled with free gapless majorana fermions. However, in $1d$, time reversal symmetric $(d+1)$th continuous transition lines of TQCPs are terminated by simple free majorana fermion fixed points.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures. Comments are welcome
Ab initio GW many-body effects in graphene
Creators: name: Trevisanutto, P. E.
name: Giorgetti, C.
name: Reining, L.
name: Ladisa, M.
name: Olevano, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an {\it ab initio} many-body GW calculation of the self-energy, the quasiparticle band plot and the spectral functions in free-standing undoped graphene. With respect to other approaches, we numerically take into account the full ionic and electronic structure of real graphene and we introduce electron-electron interaction and correlation effects from first principles. Both non-hermitian and also dynamical components of the self-energy are fully taken into account. With respect to DFT-LDA, the Fermi velocity is substantially renormalized and raised by a 17%, in better agreement with magnetotransport experiments. Furthermore, close to the Dirac point the linear dispersion is modified by the presence of a kink, as observed in ARPES experiments. Our calculations show that the kink is due to low-energy $π\to π^*$ single-particle excitations and to the $π$ plasmon. Finally, the GW self-energy does not open the band gap.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
Optimal laser focusing for positron production in laser-electron scattering
Creators: name: Amaro, Óscar
name: Vranic, Marija
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Laser-electron beam collisions that aim to generate electron-positron pairs require laser intensities $I \gtrsim 10^{21} ~\textrm{W/cm}^2$, which can be obtained by focusing a 1-PW optical laser to a spot smaller than 10 $~μ$m. Spatial synchronization is a challenge, because of the Poynting instability that can be a concern both for the interacting electron beam (if laser-generated) and the scattering laser. One strategy to overcome this problem is to use an electron beam coming from an accelerator (e.g. the planned E-320 experiment at FACET-II). Even using a stable accelerator beam, the plane wave approximation is too simplistic to describe the laser-electron scattering. This work extends analytical scaling laws for pair production, previously derived for the case of a plane wave and a short electron beam. We consider a focused laser beam colliding with electron beams of different shapes and sizes. The results take the spatial and temporal synchronization of the interaction into account, can be extended to arbitrary beam shapes, and prescribe the optimization strategies for near-future experiments.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures
Mechanisms Contributing to Tyrosin Kinase Inhibitor Resistance in GISTs: Toward a Personalized Therapy
Creators: name: Ravegnini, Gloria <1984>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2014
Subjects: BIO/14 Farmacologia

description: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors in the gastrointestinal tract.
This work considers the pharmacological response in GIST patients treated with imatinib by two different angles: the genetic and somatic point of view.
We analyzed polymorphisms influence on treatment outcome, keeping in consideration SNPs in genes involved in drug transport and folate pathway.
Naturally, all these intriguing results cannot be considered as the only main mechanism in imatinib response. GIST mainly depends by oncogenic gain of function mutations in tyrosin kinase receptor genes, KIT or PDGFRA, and the mutational status of these two genes or acquisition of secondary mutation is considered the main player in GIST development and progression. To this purpose we analyzed the secondary mutations to better understand how these are involved in imatinib resistance. In our analysis we considered both imatinib and the second line treatment, sunitinib, in a subset of progressive patients.
KIT/PDGFRA mutation analysis is an important tool for physicians, as specific mutations may guide therapeutic choices. Currently, the only adaptations in treatment strategy include imatinib starting dose of 800 mg/daily in KIT exon-9-mutated GISTs.
In the attempt to individualize treatment, genetic polymorphisms represent a novelty in the definition of biomarkers of imatinib response in addition to the use of tumor genotype. Accumulating data indicate a contributing role of pharmacokinetics in imatinib efficacy, as well as initial response, time to progression and acquired resistance. At the same time it is becoming  evident that genetic host factors may contribute to the observed pharmacokinetic inter-patient variability. Genetic polymorphisms in transporters and metabolism may affect the activity or stability of the encoded enzymes. Thus, integrating pharmacogenetic data of imatinib transporters and metabolizing genes, whose interplay has yet to be fully unraveled, has the potential to provide further insight into imatinib response/resistance mechanisms.
Assessing Food Security in Selected Mediterranean Countries
Creators: name: Solaroli, Laura <1983>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2014
Subjects: AGR/01 Economia ed estimo rurale

description: Food Security has become an important issue in the international debate, particularly during the latest economic crisis. It relevant issue also for the Mediterranean Countries (MCs), particularly those of the southern shore, as they are is facing complex economic and social changes. On the one hand there is the necessity to satisfy the increasing and changing food demand of the growing population; on the other hand it is important to promote economic growth and adjust the agricultural production to food demand in a sustainable perspective. 
The assessment of food security conditions is a challenging task due to the multi-dimensional nature and complexity of the matter. Many papers in the scientific literature focus on the nutritional aspects of food security, while its economic issues have been addressed less frequently and only in recent times. 
Thus, the main objective of the research is to assess food (in)security conditions in the MCs. The study intends to identify and implement appropriate theoretical concepts and methodological tools to be used in the assessment of food security, with a particular emphasis on its economic dimension within MCs. 
The study follows a composite methodological approach, based on the identification and selection of a number of relevant variables, a refined set of indicators is identified by means of a two-step Principal Component Analysis applied to 90 countries and the PCA findings have been studied with particular attention to the MCs food security situation.
The results of the study show that MCs have an higher economic development compared to low-income countries, however the economic and social disparities of  this area show vulnerability to food (in)security, due to: dependency on food imports, lack of infrastructure and agriculture investment, climate condition and political stability and inefficiency.
In conclusion, the main policy implications of food (in)security conditions in MCs are discussed.
Thermodynamics of Dyonic NUT Charged Black Holes with Entropy as Noether Charge
Creators: name: Abbasvandi, Niloofar
name: Tavakoli, Masoumeh
name: Mann, Robert B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the thermodynamic behaviour of Lorentzian Dyonic Taub-NUT Black Hole spacetimes. We consider two possibilities in their description: one in which their entropy is interpreted to be one quarter of the horizon area (the horizon entropy), and another in which the Misner string also contributes to the entropy (the Noether charge entropy). We find that there can be as many as three extremal black holes (or as few as zero) depending on the choice of parameters, and that the dependence of the free energy on temperature -- and the resultant phase behaviour -- depends very much on which of these situations holds. Some of the phase behaviour we observe holds regardless of which interpretation of the entropy holds. However another class of phase transition structures occurs only if the Noether charge interpretation of the entropy is adopted.
description: 23 pages, 25 figures
Space-filling models of the nitrogen dioxide molecule
Creators: name: Chen, Junjie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 30606 Structural Chemistry and Spectroscopy
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Of the several forms of nitrogen oxides, nitrogen dioxide, a pungent, irritating gas, is of most concern. Nitrogen dioxide also reacts in the atmosphere to form nitric acid, contributing to the problem of acid rain. In addition, nitrogen dioxide plays a role in the formation of photochemical smog, a reddish brown haze that often is seen in many urban areas. Nitrogen oxides are formed when combustion temperatures are high enough to cause molecular nitrogen in the air to react with oxygen. Stationary sources such as coal-burning power plants are major contributors of this pollutant, although gasoline engines and other mobile sources are also significant. Contributor: Junjie Chen, ORCID: 0000-0001-5055-4309, E-mail address: komcjj@gmail.com, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2000 Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454000, P.R. China
MOTIVATE protocol: Best practice protocol for the validation of engineering models
Creators: name: Erwin, Hack
name: Eann, Patterson
name: Ksenija, Dvurecenska
name: George, Lampeas
name: Thorsten, Siebert
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Validation
Modelling
Aerospace
Best practice protocol
Flowchart for validation

description: This ‘MOTIVATE Protocol’ describes best practice for the validation process for a structural model and can serve as a validation guideline. It incorporates the outcomes from the H2020 Clean Sky 2 project, MOTIVATE. It is based on the MOTIVATE validation flowchart and has been detailed into a step-by-step procedure which was refined during a test on an Airbus artefact in the project.
Formalism, grammatical rules, and normativity
Creators: name: Pullum, Geoffrey K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: Formalism within logic and mathematics has indirect connections to modern formal linguistics in that the earliest attempt at realizing the formalist program for logic had the side effect of leading to the development of what today we call generative grammars. Syntactic theory has been dominated by the generative conception for six decades. Despite reference in the literature to ``rules'', generative grammars do not contain rules in the usual sense (under which a rule can be followed or disobeyed). It is not clear how work on generative grammars could make sense of the idea of normative principles of grammar. But the subject matter of grammar is indeed best taken to be normative: a grammar expresses statements about what is correct or incorrect, not claims directly about phenomena in the empirical world. Grammatical rules with normative force can nonetheless be rendered mathematically precise through a type of formalization that does not involve generative grammars, and normativity can be understood in a way that does not imply anything about obligations or duties. Thus there is some hope of reconciling the normativity of grammar with the enterprise of formalizing grammars for human languages and the view that linguistics is an empirical science.
Herstellung endlosfaserverstärkter, thermoplastischer Halbzeuge für Karosseriestrukturbauteile in Großserie
Creators: name: Hofbauer, Daniel
Publisher: name: Technologies for Lightweight Structures
Year: 2017

description: Derzeit werden in der Automobilindustrie Faser-Kunststoff-Verbunde mit thermoplastischer Matrix nur für semistrukturelle Bauteile mit geringeren Steifigkeits- und Festigkeitsanforderungen als Strukturbauteile und ohne Einbindung in die Hauptlastpfade einer Karosseriestruktur eingesetzt. Auf Basis von hohen mechanischen Anforderungen an ein Schwellerprofil einer Karosserie, soll demgegenüber eine zweischalige Bauweise unter Verwendung von mit Polyamid-Matrix vorimprägnierten, unidirektionalen Kohlenstofffasertapes zur Anwendung kommen. Infolge der extremen Belastungen ergibt sich ein Laminataufbau mit einer hohen Vorzugsrichtung in 0°-Faserorientierung und einer Dicke von bis zu 4,9 mm. Zur Herstellung derart hoher Wandstärken müssen die einzelnen unidirektionalen Tapes schichtweise aufgebaut und zu einem Laminat konsolidiert werden. Die Konsolidierung der Einzellagen kann dabei entweder direkt bei deren Ablage, auf statischen Heizpressen oder mittels Doppelbandpressen erfolgen. Für eine großserielle Herstellung ist aufgrund des kontinuierlichen Fertigungsprinzips eine Doppelbandpresse grundsätzlich von Vorteil. Anhand von experimentellen Fertigungsversuchen zur Konsolidierung der Layups konnte jedoch weder mit einer isobaren Doppelbandpresse, noch mit einer statischen Laborplattenpresse eine ausreichend gute Laminatqualität erzeugt werden. Lediglich die Veränderung des Lagenaufbaus, verbunden mit einer Reduzierung der mechanischen Eigenschaften des Laminats, erzeugte auf der Laborplattenpresse eine entsprechende Qualität. Allerdings ist die dafür erforderliche Zykluszeit für eine Großserienfertigung inakzeptabel. Somit stellt weder der untersuchte Doppelbandprozess, noch der statische Pressprozess, hinsichtlich der erzielbaren Laminatqualität und der erforderlich Anlagenkapazität für das beschriebene Schwellerprofil eine großserientaugliche Fertigungstechnologie dar. Darauf aufbauend müssen weiterführende Fertigungsstudien zum Doppelbandpressprozess mit Anpassung der Prozessparameter durchgeführt werden.
description: Technologies for Lightweight Structures, Vol 1, No 1 (2017)
Cold surface treatments on fiber-reinforced plastics by pulsed laser
Creators: name: Gebauer, Jana
name: Paczkowski, Gerd
name: Weixler, Jodok
name: Klotzbach, Udo
Publisher: name: Technologies for Lightweight Structures (TLS)
Year: 2018

description: When producing fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) suitable for mass production, new technologies have to be developed to overcome existing challenges such as increased efficiency in resource consumption or higher process flexibility. In the past, laser processing has been shown to yield important advantages such as non-contact processing, no tool wear and high design flexibility.

Pulsed laser ablation of FRP offers a promising alternative to state of the art mechanical blasting. The selective matrix removal enables a high potential to improve adhesive bonding, molding processes and coating deposition of lightweight materials, especially FRP-metal or FRP-ceramic hybrids. The resulting increase in surface area exhibits forms lock characteristics and simultaneously provides an expanded interface area. As a result, 40 % higher tensile strength can be reached in pull-off tests compared to a mechanically blasted organic sheet surface, joined by thermal spraying of aluminum on carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy (CFRP).
description: Technologies for Lightweight Structures (TLS), Vol 1, No 2 (2017): Special Issue: 3rd International MERGE Technologies Conference (IMTC), 21st - 22nd September 2017, Chemnitz
Advanced joining technology for the production of highly stressable lightweight structures, with fiber-reinforced plastics and metal
Creators: name: Seidlitz, Holger
name: Tsombanis, Nikolas
name: Kuke, Felix
Publisher: name: Technologies for Lightweight Structures (TLS)
Year: 2018

description: Organic sheets made out of fiber-reinforced thermoplastics are able to make a crucial contribution to increase the lightweight potential of a technical design. They show high specific strength- and stiffness properties as well as good damping characteristics, while being able to show a higher energy absorption capacity than comparable metal constructions. In addition, organic sheets provide good recycling capabilities. Nowadays, multi-material designs are an established way in the automotive industry to combine the benefits of metal and fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP). Currently used technologies for the joining of organic sheets and metals in large-scale production are mechanical joining and adhesive technologies. Both require large overlapping areas to achieve the desired joint strength and stiffness of the technical design. Additionally, mechanical joining is usually combined with “fiber-destroying” pre-drilling and punching processes. This will disturb the force flux at the joint zone by causing unwanted fiber- and inter-fiber failure and inducing critical notch stresses. Therefore, the multi-material design with fiber-reinforced thermoplastics and metals needs optimized joining techniques that don’t interrupt the force flux, so that higher loads can be induced and the full benefit of the FRP material can be used. This article focuses on the characterization of a new joining technology, based on the Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) welding process, that allows to join organic sheets and metals in a load path optimized design. This is achieved by realigning the fibers around the joint zone by the integration of a thin metal pin. The alignment of the fibers will be similar to load paths of fibers inside structures found in nature. A tree with a knothole is always going to align its fibers in principle stress direction. As a result of the bionic fiber design, high joining strengths can be achieved. The increase of the joint strength compared to blind riveting was performed and proven with stainless steel and orthotropic reinforced composites in tensile shear-tests, based on the DIN EN ISO 14273.
description: Technologies for Lightweight Structures (TLS), Vol 1, No 2 (2017): Special Issue: 3rd International MERGE Technologies Conference (IMTC), 21st - 22nd September 2017, Chemnitz
Quantum anomalous Hall effect from intertwined moiré bands
Creators: name: Li, Tingxin
name: Jiang, Shengwei
name: Shen, Bowen
name: Zhang, Yang
name: Li, Lizhong
name: Devakul, Trithep
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Fu, Liang
name: Shan, Jie
name: Mak, Kin Fai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electron correlation and topology are two central threads of modern condensed matter physics. Semiconductor moiré materials provide a highly tunable platform for studies of electron correlation. Correlation-driven phenomena, including the Mott insulator, generalized Wigner crystals, stripe phases and continuous Mott transition, have been demonstrated. However, nontrivial band topology has remained elusive. Here we report the observation of a quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) effect in AB-stacked MoTe2/WSe2 moiré heterobilayers. Unlike in the AA-stacked structures, an out-of-plane electric field controls not only the bandwidth but also the band topology by intertwining moiré bands centered at different high-symmetry stacking sites. At half band filling, corresponding to one particle per moiré unit cell, we observe quantized Hall resistance, h/e2 (with h and e denoting the Planck's constant and electron charge, respectively), and vanishing longitudinal resistance at zero magnetic field. The electric-field-induced topological phase transition from a Mott insulator to a QAH insulator precedes an insulator-to-metal transition; contrary to most known topological phase transitions, it is not accompanied by a bulk charge gap closure. Our study paves the path for discovery of a wealth of emergent phenomena arising from the combined influence of strong correlation and topology in semiconductor moiré materials.
Preheating after Multi-field Inflation
Creators: name: Battefeld, Diana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this note I study preheating after multi-field inflation to assess the feasibility of parametric resonance. An intuitive argument for the suppression of resonances due to dephasing of fields in generic multi-field models is presented. This effect is absent in effective single field models, rendering them inappropriate for the study of preheating.
description: 4 pages, proceedings for work presented at Cargese 2008, COSMO08 and UniverseNet second annual meeting
Detection of the spin character of Fe(001) surface states by scanning tunneling microscopy: A theoretical proposal
Creators: name: Chantis, Athanasios N.
name: Smith, Darryl L.
name: Fransson, J.
name: Balatsky, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the magnetic structure on the Fe(001) surface and theoretically study the scanning tunneling spectroscopy using a spin-polarized tip (SP-STM). We show that minority-spin surface states induce a strong bias dependence of the tunneling differential conductance which largely depends on the orientation of the magnetization in the SP-STM tip relative to the easy magnetization axis in the Fe(001) surface. We propose to use this effect in order to determine the spin character of the Fe(001) surface states. This technique can be applied also to other magnetic surfaces in which surface states are observed.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Star formation in the nearby dwarf galaxy DDO 53: interplay between gas accretion and stellar feedback
Creators: name: Egorov, Oleg V.
name: Lozinskaya, Tatiana A.
name: Vasiliev, Konstantin I.
name: Yarovova, Anastasiya D.
name: Gerasimov, Ivan S.
name: Kreckel, Kathryn
name: Moiseev, Alexei V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a multiwavelength study of the nearby dwarf galaxy DDO 53 - a relatively isolated member of the M 81 group. We analyse the atomic and ionised gas kinematics (based on the observations with Fabry-Perot interferometer in H$α$ line and archival data in HI 21 cm line), distribution, excitation and oxygen abundance of the ionised gas (based on the long-slit and integral-field spectroscopy and on imaging with narrow-band filters), and their relation with the young massive stars (based on archival HST data). We detect a faint 2-kpc sized supershell of ionised gas surrounding the galaxy. Most probably, this structure represents a large-scale gas outflow, however it could be also created by the ionising quanta leaking from star-forming regions to the marginally detected atomic hydrogen surrounding the galactic disc. We analyse the properties of the anomalous HI in the north part of the galaxy and find that its peculiar kinematics is also traced by ionised gas. We argue that this HI feature is related to the accreting gas cloud captured from the intergalactic medium or remaining after the merger event occurred >1 Gyr ago. The infalling gas produces shocks in the interstellar medium and could support the star formation activity in the brightest region in DDO 53.
description: 20 pages, 13 figures, 4 tables. Accepted by MNRAS
Methodological approach to investigate the behavior of the structure under dynamic loading using multiple criteria decision-making method
Creators: name: Oleksik, Josef
name: Vietor, Thomas
name: Natarajan, Srivatsaa
Publisher: name: Technologies for Lightweight Structures (TLS)
Year: 2018

description: The main objective of this article is to develop a support approach for designers in the concept phase of the design process. In this paper, two different structures are investigated with metal, composite and hybrid material under dynamic loading with multiple strain rates. The optimum choice of material and structural combination is found by a methodological approach using a Multi Criteria Decision Making Method (MCDM). It uses a stepwise procedure in evaluating the significance of each criterion and ranks the different alternatives. This method is applied to solve various problems in the field of economics, engineering, management. In this article, COPRAS is used to rank different material and structural combination.
Cylindrical and rectangular structures are investigated under axial and 3-point bending load. Moreover, three different constellations of material widen the comparison; they are steel and aluminum, composite material with carbon fiber and thermoplastic matrix and hybrid material, with a combination of composite and metal. The output parameters from the simulation such as energy absorption and force, are further mathematically converted to specific energy absorption (SEA), crash-force-efficiency (CFE) and load non-uniformity (LU). PAM-Crash is used as a solver for simulation.
description: Technologies for Lightweight Structures (TLS), Vol 1, No 2 (2017): Special Issue: 3rd International MERGE Technologies Conference (IMTC), 21st - 22nd September 2017, Chemnitz