cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Katha Moore 1878
Creators: name: Macià, Ramon
name: Ylla, Josep
name: Gastón, Javier
name: Huertas, Manuel
name: Bau, Josep
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Erebidae
Katha

description: Genus Katha Moore, 1878
Katha Moore, 1878 Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1878:3–37 pls.1–3.
Type species: Bombyx helvola Hübner, [1803]; Sammlung Europäischer Schmetterlinge, Bombyces: 125 [“Ziefer”-text] pl. 23, fig. 95, by subsequent designation Hampson, 1900; Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum London 2: 130–145, but cited as Noctua depressa Esper, [1787] nominal species, originally not included in Katha (Watson et al., 1980) and considered as a minor synonomy of Noctua deplana Esper, 1787; Die Schmetterlinge in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen. 4 (1): 97–98, pl. 93, fig. 1–2.
Diagnosis.
Imago. Forewings narrow, with almost straight costal margin in males, slightly convex in females; pale costal stripe often imperceptible, light earthy colour. Most species of the Katha group are relatively large.
Male genitalia. Uncus short, robust and cylindrical; valvae short and very wide; sacculus of uniform width, widening at the tip in the shape of a hook, strongly sclerotised; clasper absent; vinculum of medium size, slightly rectangular. Aedeagus with a large sclerotised cornutus, several times longer than the diameter of the aedeagus.
Female genitalia. Lamella antevaginalis strongly sclerotised; ductus bursae short and sclerotised; bursa copulatrix biglobular, with an elongated signum.
Observations. Katha was treated as a junior synonym of Eilema until Dubatolov & Zolotuhin (2011) elevated it as a valid genus, opinion shared by the authors of this work. Its main characteristic feature is the short and robust valvae of the male genitalia.
Molecular data. A single species of this genus (Katha depressa) has been analysed, so we cannot be certain if the results presented for this species would also apply to the whole genus. According to Dubatolov (2011), there are many more species included in Katha, for example Katha conformis (Walker, 1854); Katha laevis (Butler, 1877); Katha magnata (Matsumura, 1927); Katha moorei Leech, 1890; Katha nankunshanica Dubatolov, Kishida & Wang, 2012; Katha nigropoda (Bremer & Grey, 1852); Katha prabana (Moore, 1859); Katha suffusa (Leech, 1899). None of them has been available to the authors and so it has not been possible to include their study in the present work.
Future molecular studies including species placed in the genus Katha will provide additional insight into this genus.
Taxa included.
Katha depressa (Esper, [1787])
description: Published as part of Macià, Ramon, Ylla, Josep, Gastón, Javier, Huertas, Manuel & Bau, Josep, 2022, The species of Eilema Hübner, [1819] sensu lato present in Europe and North Africa (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini), pp. 1-87 in Zootaxa 5191 (1) on pages 43-44, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5191.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7144073
Mustela felipei Izor and de la Torre 1978
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Reeder, DeeAnn
Publisher: name: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Mustelidae
Mustela
Mustela felipei

description: Mustela felipei Izor and de la Torre 1978
Mustela felipei Izor and de la Torre 1978, J. Mammal., 59: 92.
Type Locality: "Santa Marta, elevation 2,700 m, near San Agustin, Huila, Colombia ".
Vernacular Names: Colombian Weasel.
Distribution: Colombia, Ecuador.
Conservation: IUCN – Endangered.
Discussion: Izor and de la Torre (1978) suggested that africana and felipei form a monophyletic group. Youngman (1982) placed felipei in subgenus Grammogale; Abramov (1999) placed it in subgenus Cabreragale.
description: Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Carnivora, pp. 532-628 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 615, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
Pseudococcus espeletiae Williams y Granara de Willink
Creators: name: Willink, María Cristina Granara de
name: González, Patricia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Pseudococcidae
Pseudococcus
Pseudococcus espeletiae

description: Pseudococcus espeletiae Williams y Granara de Willink (Fig. 26)
Pseudococcus espeletiae Williams y Granara de Willink 1992: 443.
Holotipo. Colombia: Páramo de Monserrate, 3 km E. Bogotá D.C., sobre Espeletia grandiflora. Depositado en Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History (USNM), Distrito de Columbia, EEUU (tomado de García Morales et al. 2016).
Diagnosis. Poros translúcidos en coxa, fémur y tibia; poros discoidales cercanos a los ojos ausentes; cerarios reducidos a 13 o 14 pares, tres últimos cerarios sobre superficie esclerosada con 3–12 setas auxiliares; numerosos conductos tubulares con borde oral asociados a una seta y poros discoidales, forman grupos cercanos a los cerarios y en zona lateral de todos los segmentos del cuerpo en el dorso; en el vientre, submarginales, numerosos a lo largo del cuerpo; poros multiloculares escasos hasta segmento VI (basado en Williams y Granara de Willink 1992).
Discusión. Pseudococcus espeletiae posee numerosos conductos tubulares con borde oral en dorso y vientre y carece de poros discoidales cercanos al borde del ojo; se aproxima a P. acaena sp. n. y a P. neuquenensis sp. n. de la región Andina (ver discusión en la primera especie).
Distribución. Región Neotropical: Colombia.
description: Published as part of Willink, María Cristina Granara de & González, Patricia, 2018, Revisión taxonómica de Pseudococcus Westwood (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) de Centro y Sud América con descripciones de especies nuevas, pp. 1-117 in Insecta Mundi 673 on page 29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3713533
Wittia de Freina 1980
Creators: name: Macià, Ramon
name: Ylla, Josep
name: Gastón, Javier
name: Huertas, Manuel
name: Bau, Josep
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Erebidae
Wittia

description: Genus Wittia de Freina, 1980
Wittia de Freina, 1980. Nachrichtenblatt der Bayerischen Entomologen 29 (4):80.
Type species: Bombyx aureola Hübner, [1803] 1796; Sammlung Europäischer Schmetterlinge 3: pl. 24, fig. 98, subsequent designation by Moore, 1878; Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1878: 18.
Diagnosis.
Imago. Forewings moderately wide with a curvature of the costal margin, yellow, without pattern.
Male genitalia. Uncus very long and narrow; valvae ovoid and weakly sclerotised; saccular process apically sclerotised, long, curved upwards; juxta without apical process; vinculum short, bilobed. Aedeagus with an apical process; vesica short pouch-shaped with indistinct short lobes and several rather similar cornuti.
Female genitalia. Very short and narrow ductus bursae, moderately sclerotised and the anterior partially sclerotised appendix, in part helical. The corpus bursae is relatively small, discoidal-globular.
Molecular data. A single species of this genus (Wittia sororcula) has been analysed, so we cannot be certain if the results presented for this species would also apply to the whole genus. According Dubatolov (2011), there are many more species included in Wittia, for example Wittia klapperichi (Daniel, 1954) and Wittia yazakii Dubatolov, Kishida & Wang, 2012. None of them have been available to the authors and so it has not been possible to include their study in the present work.
Future molecular studies including species placed in the genus Wittia will provide additional insight into this genus.
Taxa included.
Wittia sororcula (Hufnagel, 1766)
description: Published as part of Macià, Ramon, Ylla, Josep, Gastón, Javier, Huertas, Manuel & Bau, Josep, 2022, The species of Eilema Hübner, [1819] sensu lato present in Europe and North Africa (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini), pp. 1-87 in Zootaxa 5191 (1) on page 45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5191.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7144073
Mustela frenata subsp. frenata Lichtenstein 1831
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Reeder, DeeAnn
Publisher: name: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Mustelidae
Mustela
Mustela frenata
Mustela frenata subsp. frenata lichtenstein 1831

description: Mustela frenata subsp. frenata Lichtenstein 1831
Mustela frenata subsp. frenata Lichtenstein 1831, Darst. Saugeth.: text: "Das gezaumte Wiesel" [not paginated], and plate 42.
Type Locality: "der Nähe von Mexico "[placed in Ciudad Mexico, Mexico].
Synonyms: Mustela frenata subsp. aequatorialis (Coues 1877); Mustela frenata subsp. brasiliensis Sevastianoff 1813; Mustela frenata subsp. mexicanus (Coues 1877).
description: Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Carnivora, pp. 532-628 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 615, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
Chaetoderma robustum Heath 1911
Creators: name: Miranda, Marcel S.
name: Strong, Ellen E.
name: Passos, Flávio D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Caudofoveata
Chaetodermatida
Chaetodermatidae
Chaetoderma
Chaetoderma robustum

description: robustum Heath, 1911; Chaetoderma
Chaetoderma robustum Heath, 1911: 43–44, 68–69; pl. 4, figs. 5, 19; pl. 30, figs. 2, 4–6, 10, 13; pl. 37, fig. 4.
Type locality. Sanak Island, Sanak Islands (54°0’0”N, 162°40’30’’W), South of Alaska Peninsula, USA, 483 fathoms (884 m).
Type material. Syntype MCZ 362002 (two fragments of the same specimen).
Remarks. Heath (1911) based his original description of C. robustum on four specimens from ‘Albatross’ station 3210 without designating a type. The labels accompanying MCZ 362002 incorrectly refer the two fragments as being from the ‘holotype’. Stasek (1966) recorded a set of slides in the California Academy of Sciences (CAS 21399; formerly CAS 196) with serial sections from one of four syntype specimens.
description: Published as part of Miranda, Marcel S., Strong, Ellen E. & Passos, Flávio D., 2020, Type specimens of Caudofoveata (Mollusca, Aplacophora) in the molluscan collections of the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution and of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, pp. 581-593 in Zootaxa 4895 (4) on pages 584-585, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.4.8, http://zenodo.org/record/4358964
Mustela frenata subsp. affinis Gray 1874
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Reeder, DeeAnn
Publisher: name: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Mustelidae
Mustela
Mustela frenata
Mustela frenata subsp. affinis gray 1874

description: Mustela frenata subsp. affinis Gray 1874
Synonyms: Mustela frenata subsp. costaricensis J. A. Allen 1916; Mustela frenata subsp. macrurus (J. A. Allen 1912); Mustela frenata subsp. meridana Hollister 1914.
description: Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Carnivora, pp. 532-628 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 615, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
Falcidens Salvini-Plawen 1968
Creators: name: Miranda, Marcel S.
name: Strong, Ellen E.
name: Passos, Flávio D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Caudofoveata
Chaetodermatida
Chaetodermatidae
Falcidens

description: Genus Falcidens Salvini-Plawen, 1968a
Type species. Falcidens crossotus Salvini-Plawen, 1968a, by original designation.
description: Published as part of Miranda, Marcel S., Strong, Ellen E. & Passos, Flávio D., 2020, Type specimens of Caudofoveata (Mollusca, Aplacophora) in the molluscan collections of the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution and of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, pp. 581-593 in Zootaxa 4895 (4) on page 585, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.4.8, http://zenodo.org/record/4358964
Mustela frenata subsp. agilis Tschudi 1844
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Reeder, DeeAnn
Publisher: name: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Mustelidae
Mustela
Mustela frenata
Mustela frenata subsp. agilis tschudi 1844

description: Mustela frenata subsp. agilis Tschudi 1844
Synonyms: Mustela frenata subsp. macrura J. A. Allen 1916.
description: Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Carnivora, pp. 532-628 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 615, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
Pseudokatha Macià & Ylla & Gastón & Huertas & Bau 2022, gen. nov.
Creators: name: Macià, Ramon
name: Ylla, Josep
name: Gastón, Javier
name: Huertas, Manuel
name: Bau, Josep
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Erebidae
Pseudokatha

description: Genus Pseudokatha gen. nov.
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 68AA6DDF-B9C1-44B0-85E1-6EB3CCDFADF5
Type species: Eilema rungsi Toulgoët, 1960 Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 65: 48.
Diagnosis.
Imago. Small species. Forewings relatively broad and short, uniformly pale sandy brown to greyish brown; females somewhat paler, with ochre-white hindwings. The species of the genus Pseudokatha gen. nov. differs from those of the genus Katha in that they are larger in size, have a different wing pattern, and are sexually dimorphic. They distinguished from the genus Tarika, also by the sexual dimorphism of the species of this genus (Singh & Joshi, 2013). Pseudokataha rungsi (Toulgöet, 1960) bears a certain resemblance to species of the genus Pelosia (Hübner, [1819]), especially Pelosia obtusa (Herrich-Schäffer, 1852), with which it shares habitat and flight season. In fact, the rungsi specimens captured for the first time in Greece were described as Pelosia hellenica Derra & Hacker, 1983.
Male genitalia. Uncus cylindrical, short and robust; valvae ovoid; saccular process slender and slightly curved at the end; clasper absent; sacculus narrow and elongated. Aedeagus very large in comparison with the rest of the genitalia, with a large and sharp end sclerotised cornutus, which is several times longer than the diameter of the aedeagus; vesica tubular, with a large number of small cornuti.
Female genitalia. Anal papillae prominent, sclerotised; lamellae postvaginalis and antevaginales absent or inconspicuous; ductus bursae long, narrow and membranous; corpus bursa ovoid, with two small signum and a large appendix or process in the upper part, globular, membranous and somewhat smaller than the corpus bursa, whence the ductus seminalis emerges; a slightly sclerotised area on the reverse of the upper part of the corpus bursa.
Derivatio nominis. false Katha.
Molecular data. A single species of this genus has been analysed (Pseudokatha rungsi). Molecular results presented below for this species also apply to the genus.
Taxa included.
Pseudokatha rungsi (Toulgoët, 1960) comb. nov.
description: Published as part of Macià, Ramon, Ylla, Josep, Gastón, Javier, Huertas, Manuel & Bau, Josep, 2022, The species of Eilema Hübner, [1819] sensu lato present in Europe and North Africa (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini), pp. 1-87 in Zootaxa 5191 (1) on page 47, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5191.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7144073
Falcidens australocaudatus Passos, Correa & Todt 2016
Creators: name: Miranda, Marcel S.
name: Strong, Ellen E.
name: Passos, Flávio D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Caudofoveata
Chaetodermatida
Chaetodermatidae
Falcidens
Falcidens australocaudatus

description: australocaudatus Passos, Corrêa & Todt, 2016; Falcidens
Falcidens australocaudatus Passos, Corrêa & Todt, 2018: 1136–1141; figs. 1–5; tabs. 1, 3.
Type locality. Off Rio de Janeiro State (23°13′2.01″S, 40°57′36.77″W), Brazil, 724.6 m.
Type material. Paratypes USNM 1406729 (1 spm), USNM 1406730 (5 spms), USNM 1406731 (11 spms), USNM 1406732 (33 spms), MCZ 385441 (2 spms), MCZ 385442 (9 spms), MCZ 385443 (9 spms).
Remarks. The holotype of this species is deposited in the Museum of Zoology of the University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil (ZUEC APL 78), and a full list of the paratypes is furnished by Passos et al. (2018). Although the original description of Passos et al. was printed in 2018 in volume 48 of the journal Marine Biodiversity, the nomenclatural availability of this name dates to 23 August 2016 (MolluscaBase, 2020b), when the publication was first distributed electronically (https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12526-016-0559-1) as it satisfied the provisions of Art. 8.5 of the Code related to electronic publication.
description: Published as part of Miranda, Marcel S., Strong, Ellen E. & Passos, Flávio D., 2020, Type specimens of Caudofoveata (Mollusca, Aplacophora) in the molluscan collections of the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution and of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, pp. 581-593 in Zootaxa 4895 (4) on page 585, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.4.8, http://zenodo.org/record/4358964
Pseudococcus galapagoensis Morrison 1924
Creators: name: Willink, María Cristina Granara de
name: González, Patricia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Pseudococcidae
Pseudococcus
Pseudococcus galapagoensis

description: Pseudococcus galapagoensis Morrison (Fig. 27)
Pseudococcus galapagoensis Morrison 1924: 148.
Holotipo. Ecuador: Islas Galapagos, Isla Eden, Costa NO de Indefatigable (Santa Cruz), sobre planta rastrera. Depositado en: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History (USNM), Distrito de Columbia, EE. UU.; Williams y Granara de Willink 1992: 447; Gimpel y Miller 1996: 56–59 (tomado de Gimpel y Miller 1996).
Diagnosis enmendada. Poros translúcidos en tibia; ojos con borde esclerosado y varios poros discoidales; conductos tubulares con borde oral presentes en zona cefálica; en tórax y abdomen submarginales, laterales y en línea media dorsal; poros multiloculares ventrales hasta segmento V; conductos con borde oral desde C6 hasta C11 y en el VI del abdomen ventral (modificado de Gimpel y Miller 1996).
Distribución. Región Neotropical: Ecuador (Islas Galápagos).
description: Published as part of Willink, María Cristina Granara de & González, Patricia, 2018, Revisión taxonómica de Pseudococcus Westwood (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) de Centro y Sud América con descripciones de especies nuevas, pp. 1-117 in Insecta Mundi 673 on page 29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3713533
Falcidens halanychi Schander, Scheltema & Ivanov 2006
Creators: name: Miranda, Marcel S.
name: Strong, Ellen E.
name: Passos, Flávio D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Caudofoveata
Chaetodermatida
Chaetodermatidae
Falcidens
Falcidens halanychi

description: halanychi Schander, Scheltema & Ivanov, 2006; Falcidens
Falcidens halanychi Schander, Scheltema & Ivanov, 2006: 309–312; figs. 1–6, 7a, 8, 9; tab. I.
Type locality. CHAIN 88 stn. 210 (39°43.0’N, 70°46.0’W), USA, 2024 m.
Type material. Paratypes USNM 1086430 (1 spm), USNM 1086431 (7 spms).
Remarks. Schander et al. (2006) recorded that the holotype is deposited in the Natural History Museum, Bergen, Norway; additional paratypes are in this museum and in the Zoological Museum, University of Moscow, Moscow, Russia.
description: Published as part of Miranda, Marcel S., Strong, Ellen E. & Passos, Flávio D., 2020, Type specimens of Caudofoveata (Mollusca, Aplacophora) in the molluscan collections of the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution and of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, pp. 581-593 in Zootaxa 4895 (4) on page 585, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.4.8, http://zenodo.org/record/4358964
Mustela frenata subsp. altifrontalis Hall 1936
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Reeder, DeeAnn
Publisher: name: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Mustelidae
Mustela
Mustela frenata
Mustela frenata subsp. altifrontalis hall 1936

description: Mustela frenata subsp. altifrontalis Hall 1936
Synonyms: Mustela frenata subsp. saturata Miller 1912.
description: Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Carnivora, pp. 532-628 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 615, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
Pseudococcus insularis Morrison 1924
Creators: name: Willink, María Cristina Granara de
name: González, Patricia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Pseudococcidae
Pseudococcus
Pseudococcus insularis

description: Pseudococcus insularis Morrison (Fig. 30)
Pseudococcus insularis Morrison 1924: 150–152.
Holotipo. Ecuador: Islas Galápagos, Seymur Sur, bajo una roca. Depositado en: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History (USNM), Distrito de Columbia, EE. UU. (tomado de García Morales et al. 2016); Williams y Granara de Willink 1992: 449; Ben-Dov 1994: 394; Gimpel y Miller 1996: 65–66; Lincango et al. 2010: 6.
Diagnosis. Poros translúcidos en fémur y tibia; 3–4 poros discoidales en un borde levemente esclerosado alrededor del ojo, C8 y C10 reducidos o ausentes; cinco conductos tubulares con collar cercano al C6; antena de 578 μm (tomado de Gimpel y Miller 1996).
Comentarios. Pseudococcus insularis es similar a P. jackbeardsleyi, pero en P. insularis los C8 y C10 están muy reducidos o ausentes (tomado de Gimpel y Miller 1996).
Distribución. Región Neotropical: Ecuador (Islas Galápagos).
description: Published as part of Willink, María Cristina Granara de & González, Patricia, 2018, Revisión taxonómica de Pseudococcus Westwood (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) de Centro y Sud América con descripciones de especies nuevas, pp. 1-117 in Insecta Mundi 673 on page 30, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3713533
Falcidens longus Scheltema 1998
Creators: name: Miranda, Marcel S.
name: Strong, Ellen E.
name: Passos, Flávio D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Caudofoveata
Chaetodermatida
Chaetodermatidae
Falcidens
Falcidens longus

description: longus Scheltema, 1998; Falcidens
Falcidens longus Scheltema, 1998: 38; fig. 2.17; tab. 2.1.
Type locality. Santa Maria Basin (34°43’6’’N, 120°47’24’’W), California, USA, 92 m.
Type material. holotype USNM 860391 (1 spm + 2 slides with sclerites).
Remarks. Scheltema (1998) recorded that the paratypes are deposited in the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, USA.
description: Published as part of Miranda, Marcel S., Strong, Ellen E. & Passos, Flávio D., 2020, Type specimens of Caudofoveata (Mollusca, Aplacophora) in the molluscan collections of the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution and of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, pp. 581-593 in Zootaxa 4895 (4) on page 585, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.4.8, http://zenodo.org/record/4358964
Zobida Birket-Smith 1965
Creators: name: Macià, Ramon
name: Ylla, Josep
name: Gastón, Javier
name: Huertas, Manuel
name: Bau, Josep
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Erebidae
Zobida

description: Genus Zobida Birket-Smith, 1965
Zobida Birket-Smith, 1965.
Type species Eilema trinitas Strand, 1912 Archiv für Naturgeschichte 78 (A) 7: 181, by original designation.
Diagnosis.
Imago. Medium-sized species with almost no sexual dimorphism, although females tend to be slightly larger and with a more rounded forewing apex; the two black dots of the forewings preclude confusion with any other of the Eilema sensu lato group. Zobida is distinctly different from Eilema in morphology, larval chaetoetotaxy and DNA. Zobida bipuncta is the only European representative of the genus; it is also present in Morocco among some African congeners. It was erroneously included in Eilema by Toulgoët (1972) and Leraut (2006).
Male genitalia. Uncus moderate in width; oval valvae apex, distinct ventral process curved upwards; harpe on inner surface of valva at its base of complex shape and consists of two different processes: the hind one is bump like covered with small spines, the fore one is bifurcated hook-like; juxta without apical processes; sacculus wde and short; aedeagus wide, without an apical sclerotised fascia and cornuti.
Female genitalia. Antrum large and goblet-shaped, with sclerotised margins and a short membranous ductus bursae, corpus bursa without signum.
Molecular data. A single species of this genus (Zobida bipuncta) has been analysed, so we cannot be certain if the results presented for this species would also apply to the whole genus. There are other species of Zobida, for example Zobida avifex Kühne, 2010, Zobida colon (Möschler, 1872) and Zobida trinitas (Strand, 1912). None of them has been available to the authors and so it has not been possible to include their study in the present work.
Taxa included.
Zobida bipuncta (Hübner, [1824])
description: Published as part of Macià, Ramon, Ylla, Josep, Gastón, Javier, Huertas, Manuel & Bau, Josep, 2022, The species of Eilema Hübner, [1819] sensu lato present in Europe and North Africa (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini), pp. 1-87 in Zootaxa 5191 (1) on page 50, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5191.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7144073
Towards the Automatic Replication of Gameplays to Support Game Debugging
Creators: name: Campanella, Stefano
name: Guglielmi, Emanuela
name: Oliveto, Rocco
name: Bavota, Gabriele
name: Scalabrino, Simone
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 461202
subject: Empirical software engineering

description: The video game industry has experienced a continuous growth in the last decades. In such a competitive market, it is fundamental to ensure a great gaming experience to the player avoiding, for example, bugs. However, video game testing is an extremely challenging activity, especially considering the extensive number of gaming scenarios that modern video games support (e.g., 3D worlds to explore). Thus, more often than not, numerous bugs are discovered only once the game is released and played by millions of users. For this reason, recent work in the literature suggested to exploit gameplay videos to support developers in identifying possible bugs missed during testing: given the large amount of gameplays posted every day on streaming platforms (> 2M hours), these gameplays are likely to document failures experienced by the player. Empirical evidence show the ability of these techniques to identify parts of the gameplay in which the failure was experienced. However, it could still be difficult for game developers to reproduce the bug. In this paper, we propose the idea of developing a technique able to automate this process, providing the game developer with all actions performed by the player to reach the faulty state shown in the gameplay. We present a simple approach which leverages the on-screen controls overlay available in some gameplay videos. We show that such an approach can replicate 47.2% of gameplays in our preliminary study run on a racing game. We discuss the strong limitations of this first attempt, listing directions for future work we plan to pursue in order to overcome them.
Mustela frenata subsp. aureoventris Gray 1864
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Reeder, DeeAnn
Publisher: name: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Mustelidae
Mustela
Mustela frenata
Mustela frenata subsp. aureoventris gray 1864

description: Mustela frenata subsp. aureoventris Gray 1864
Synonyms: Mustela frenata subsp. affinis Lönnberg 1913; Mustela frenata subsp. jelskii Taczanowski 1881; Mustela frenata subsp. macrura Taczanowski 1874.
description: Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Carnivora, pp. 532-628 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 615, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
Falcidens macracanthos Scheltema 1998
Creators: name: Miranda, Marcel S.
name: Strong, Ellen E.
name: Passos, Flávio D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Caudofoveata
Chaetodermatida
Chaetodermatidae
Falcidens
Falcidens macracanthos

description: macracanthos Scheltema, 1998; Falcidens
Falcidens macracanthos Scheltema, 1998: 40; fig. 2.18; tab. 2.1.
Type locality. San Pedro Basin (34°56’34’N, 120°48’59”W), California, USA, 82 m. Type material. Holotype USNM 860392 (1 spm + 2 slides with sclerites).
Remarks. Scheltema (1998) recorded that the paratypes are deposited in the Natural History Museum of Los
Angeles County, Los Angeles, USA.
description: Published as part of Miranda, Marcel S., Strong, Ellen E. & Passos, Flávio D., 2020, Type specimens of Caudofoveata (Mollusca, Aplacophora) in the molluscan collections of the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution and of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, pp. 581-593 in Zootaxa 4895 (4) on pages 585-586, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.4.8, http://zenodo.org/record/4358964
Mustela frenata subsp. costaricensis Goldman 1912
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Reeder, DeeAnn
Publisher: name: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Mustelidae
Mustela
Mustela frenata
Mustela frenata subsp. costaricensis goldman 1912

description: Mustela frenata subsp. costaricensis Goldman 1912
Synonyms: Mustela frenata subsp. brasiliensis Gray 1874.
description: Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Carnivora, pp. 532-628 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 615, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
Limifossor Heath 1904
Creators: name: Miranda, Marcel S.
name: Strong, Ellen E.
name: Passos, Flávio D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Caudofoveata
Chaetodermatida
Limifossoridae
Limifossor

description: Genus Limifossor Heath, 1904
Type species. Limifossor talpoideus Heath, 1904, by monotypy.
description: Published as part of Miranda, Marcel S., Strong, Ellen E. & Passos, Flávio D., 2020, Type specimens of Caudofoveata (Mollusca, Aplacophora) in the molluscan collections of the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution and of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, pp. 581-593 in Zootaxa 4895 (4) on page 586, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.4.8, http://zenodo.org/record/4358964
Mustela frenata subsp. latirostra Hall 1936
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Reeder, DeeAnn
Publisher: name: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Mustelidae
Mustela
Mustela frenata
Mustela frenata subsp. latirostra hall 1936

description: Mustela frenata subsp. latirostra Hall 1936
Synonyms: Mustela frenata subsp. arizonensis Grinnell and Swarth 1913.
description: Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Carnivora, pp. 532-628 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 615, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
Limifossor fratula Heath 1911
Creators: name: Miranda, Marcel S.
name: Strong, Ellen E.
name: Passos, Flávio D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Caudofoveata
Chaetodermatida
Limifossoridae
Limifossor
Limifossor fratula

description: fratula Heath, 1911; Limifossor
Limifossor fratula Heath, 1911: 44, 72; pl. 2, fig. 6; pl. 4, fig. 13; pl. 35, figs. 1–5, 10; pl. 36, fig. 8.
Type locality. San Diego, Southern California (32°42’0”N, 117°14’0”W), USA, 260–284 fathoms (475–520 m).
Type material. Syntype MCZ 362003 (1 dried spm).
Remarks. Heath (1911) described this species based on examination of two specimens from ‘Albatross’ station 4369 without designating a type. One of these specimens was prepared for histological sections which are deposited in the California Academy of Sciences, San Fransciso, USA; Stasek (1966) referred to these slides and to another one with sclerites as syntypes. The second syntype, MCZ 362003, was photographed and figured by Salvini-Plawen (1992, fig. 2; as a ‘paratype’); this is currently maintained dried in the MCZ collection.
description: Published as part of Miranda, Marcel S., Strong, Ellen E. & Passos, Flávio D., 2020, Type specimens of Caudofoveata (Mollusca, Aplacophora) in the molluscan collections of the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution and of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, pp. 581-593 in Zootaxa 4895 (4) on page 586, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.4.8, http://zenodo.org/record/4358964
Pseudococcus importatus McKenzie 1960
Creators: name: Willink, María Cristina Granara de
name: González, Patricia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Pseudococcidae
Pseudococcus
Pseudococcus importatus

description: Pseudococcus importatus McKenzie (Fig. 28)
Pseudococcus importatus McKenzie 1960: 725.
Holotipo. EE. UU.: California, interceptado en Honolulu, Hawaii, sobre Vanda sp. (orquidácea). Depositado en Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History (USNM), Distrito de Columbia, EE. UU.; Williams y Granara de Willink 1992: 447; Gimpel y Miller 1996: 59–63 (tomado de García Morales et al. 2016).
Diagnosis. Poros translúcidos en tibia; poros discoidales asociados a los ojos sobre superficie membranosa; 13(1–23) conductos tubulares con borde oral en abdomen; 1(0–3) conductos con collar en submagen ventral desde C5 hasta C11; conductos con collar en grupos de 10(4–21) cercanos al C6; 1(0–3) conductos con collar posteriores al ojo; círculo con 97(75–126) µm de ancho y con línea intersegmental (tomado de Gimpel y Miller 1996).
Distribución. Región Neártica: México. Región Neotropical: Brasil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Jamaica, Panamá, Paraguay, Perú, Trinidad, Venezuela (García Morales et al. 2016).
description: Published as part of Willink, María Cristina Granara de & González, Patricia, 2018, Revisión taxonómica de Pseudococcus Westwood (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) de Centro y Sud América con descripciones de especies nuevas, pp. 1-117 in Insecta Mundi 673 on page 29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3713533
Mustela frenata subsp. nevadensis Hall 1936
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Reeder, DeeAnn
Publisher: name: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Mustelidae
Mustela
Mustela frenata
Mustela frenata subsp. nevadensis hall 1936

description: Mustela frenata subsp. nevadensis Hall 1936
Synonyms: Mustela frenata subsp. longicauda (Coues 1891).
description: Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Carnivora, pp. 532-628 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 615, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
Pseudococcus jackbeardsleyi Gimpel y Miller
Creators: name: Willink, María Cristina Granara de
name: González, Patricia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Pseudococcidae
Pseudococcus
Pseudococcus jackbeardsleyi

description: Pseudococcus jackbeardsleyi Gimpel y Miller (Fig. 31)
Pseudococcus jackbeardsleyi Gimpel y Miller 1996: 66.
Holotipo. México: Chiapas, en fruta de Musa sp. Depositado en Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History (USNM), Distrito of Columbia, EE. UU.
Identificaciones erróneas de Pseudococcus elisae citadas por Beardsley (1986: 31), Williams (1988: 123), Williams y Watson (1988: 31); Lit et al. (1990: 707), Williams y Granara de Willink (1992: 440); Ben-Dov (1994: 389), Lit y Caillung (1994: 258), corresponden a Pseudococcus jackbeardsleyi (tomado de García Morales et al. 2016).
Material examinado. Colombia, cuarentena en La Habra, California, 16-III-1978, sobre Croton Codiaeum sp., C. Robertson col., 1(1) CDFA. Argentina: San Miguel de Tucumán, sobre Solanum esculentum, IV-1994, MCGWillink col., 1(1+ 4 Planococcus citri) 1206 IFML.
Diagnosis. Poros translúcidos en fémur y tibia; ojos con poros discoidales asociados sobre borde esclerosado; conductos dorsales con collar oral submarginales presentes, conductos con borde oral ausentes entre C2 y C3, abdomen con 14–27 conductos, uno al menos en un lado del segmento VII; 3–8 ventrales, entre cerarios C5 y C11; tibia más larga que fémur; con menos de 15 poros multiloculares en segmento IV; usualmente sin poros multiloculares en segmento III (tomado de Gimpel y Miller 1996).
Discusión. Pseudococcus jackbeardsleyi se aproxima a Pseudococcus meridionalis Prado (ver en la discusión de esa especie).
Distribución. Región Neotropical: Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Brasil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador (Islas Galápagos), El Salvador, Guatemala, Haití, Honduras, Islas Vírgenes, Jamaica, Martinica, México, Panamá, Puerto Rico, República Dominicana, Saint Martin, Trinidad Tobago, Venezuela (García Morales et al. 2016).
description: Published as part of Willink, María Cristina Granara de & González, Patricia, 2018, Revisión taxonómica de Pseudococcus Westwood (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) de Centro y Sud América con descripciones de especies nuevas, pp. 1-117 in Insecta Mundi 673 on page 31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3713533
Limifossor talpoideus Heath 1904
Creators: name: Miranda, Marcel S.
name: Strong, Ellen E.
name: Passos, Flávio D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Caudofoveata
Chaetodermatida
Limifossoridae
Limifossor
Limifossor talpoideus

description: talpoideus Heath, 1904; Limifossor
Limifossor talpoideus Heath, 1904: 330–331; – 1905: 703–721, pl. 1–2; 1911: 69–71, pl. 10, figs 1–7, 9–10.
Type locality. Southeastern coast of Alaska, USA, 282–318 fathoms (516–582 m).
Type material. Syntypes MCZ 362004 (1 dried spm), MCZ 362005 (1 dried spm), MCZ 396002 (7 histological slides of 3 spms).
Remarks. This species was originally described by Heath (1904), based on examination of specimens collected from three sites off the Southeastern coast of Alaska (Yakutat Bay, Lynn Canal and Chatham Strait), without designating a type. Heath later (1905, 1911) elaborated on the original description and provided figures. The lots MCZ 362004 and MCZ 362005 (the latter photographed and illustrated by Salvini-Plawen 1992, fig. 1) are both from ‘Albatross’ station 4264 (Chatham Strait) and were treated as syntypes (Salvini-Plawen 1992). Stasek (1966) reported three sets of slides held by the California Academy of Sciences (San Francisco, USA) as syntypes. Scheltema (1981) prepared additional histological sections for three specimens from ‘Albatross’ station 4264, and these slides are now deposited as a separate syntype lot (MCZ 396002).
description: Published as part of Miranda, Marcel S., Strong, Ellen E. & Passos, Flávio D., 2020, Type specimens of Caudofoveata (Mollusca, Aplacophora) in the molluscan collections of the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution and of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, pp. 581-593 in Zootaxa 4895 (4) on page 586, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.4.8, http://zenodo.org/record/4358964
DOSIMETRY OF SECONDARY PARTICLES IN PROTON THERAPY USING MONTE CARLO SIMULATIONS AND GEANT4 TOOLKIT
Creators: name: Rakhmetullava Gulziyra1, Abdusattarova Sevara1,  Mamayusupova Muqaddas1 1National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, 100174, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Proton therapy is a rapidly advancing form of radiation treatment that provides superior dose conformity compared to conventional photon therapies, reducing collateral damage to healthy tissues. The precise control of proton beams allows for the delivery of high doses to the tumor while minimizing exposure to surrounding healthy tissues. However, the production of secondary particles such as neutrons and photons during proton interactions with tissues presents a significant dosimetric challenge that must be addressed to ensure patient safety. These secondary particles are generated primarily through nuclear interactions between the proton beam and atomic nuclei in the patient's body, leading to additional radiation dose contributions that are not directly part of the intended treatment plan.
Mustela frenata subsp. nigriauris Hall 1936
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Reeder, DeeAnn
Publisher: name: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Mustelidae
Mustela
Mustela frenata
Mustela frenata subsp. nigriauris hall 1936

description: Mustela frenata subsp. nigriauris Hall 1936
Synonyms: Mustela frenata subsp. xanthogenys Gray 1874.
description: Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Carnivora, pp. 532-628 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 615, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
Prochaetodermatidae Salvini-Plawen 1972
Creators: name: Miranda, Marcel S.
name: Strong, Ellen E.
name: Passos, Flávio D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Caudofoveata
Chaetodermatida
Prochaetodermatidae

description: Family Prochaetodermatidae Salvini-Plawen, 1972
Remarks. The family name Prochaetodermatidae was stablished by Salvini-Plawen (1968b), but without a description or definition, so was not available from that publication (ICZN Art. 13.1.1). Prochaetodermatidae is available from Salvini-Plawen (1972). Scheltema & Ivanov (2000) and Ivanov & Scheltema (2001) incorrectly considered Salvini-Plawen (1975) to have provided the first diagnosis, but it was changed for Salvini-Plawen (1972) in subsequent works (e.g. Ivanov & Scheltema 2002, 2008).
description: Published as part of Miranda, Marcel S., Strong, Ellen E. & Passos, Flávio D., 2020, Type specimens of Caudofoveata (Mollusca, Aplacophora) in the molluscan collections of the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution and of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, pp. 581-593 in Zootaxa 4895 (4) on page 586, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.4.8, http://zenodo.org/record/4358964
Tryphosa Boeck 1871
Creators: name: Kilgallen, N. M.
name: Lowry, J. K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Amphipoda
Lysianassidae
Tryphosa

description: Tryphosa group
Diagnostic description. Antenna 1 well developed, accessory flagellum forming a cap. Mandible molar columnar with convex triturating surface or proximally setose and distally triturating. Gnathopod 1 subchelate or parachelate. Uropod 2 inner ramus constricted. Telson cleft.
Included genera. The Tryphosa group includes 8 genera: Bruunosa Barnard & Karaman, 1987; Glorieusella gen. nov.; Gronella Barnard & Karaman, 1991; Metambasia Stephensen, 1923; Pseudonesimus Chevreux, 1926; Schisturella Norman, 1900; Thrombasia J.L. Barnard, 1966; and Tryphosa Boeck, 1871.
Remarks. This interesting group is highlighted by two synapomorphies: the accessory flagellum forms a cap that covers the callynophore, and the inner ramus on uropod 2 is constricted. The characters defining the genera are mainly confined to gnathopod 1; strongly or weakly subchelate and the condition of the coxa from fully developed to vestigial, tapering or subrectangular.
Two genera, Gronella and Metambasia, are North Atlantic arctic/boreal endemics. Three of the more widespread genera, Pseudonesimus, Schisturella and Thrombasia, occur in Australian waters.
Within the Tryphosa group species gnathopod 1 is either strongly subchelate, subchelate or parachelate and three kinds of gnathopod 1 coxae are found: subrectangular and about as big as the gnathopod 2 coxa; slightly smaller than gnathopod 2 and tapering; or vestigial. There are two forms of the maxilla 1 setal-teeth: either both ST-7 and ST-D have the medial margin mostly or completely serrate or the medial margin is smooth and they are apically serrate or cuspidate. The uropod 3 rami may be either with plumose setae in the adult male and/or female or they have no plumose setae; and the lanceolate inner ramus is either slender or broad. These combinations of characters define the genera in the Tryphosa group.
description: Published as part of Kilgallen, N. M. & Lowry, J. K., 2014, The Tryphosa group (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Lysianassoidea: Lysianassidae: Tryphosinae), pp. 501-545 in Zootaxa 3768 (5) on page 503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3768.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4909684
Mustela frenata subsp. noveboracensis Emmons 1840
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Reeder, DeeAnn
Publisher: name: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Mustelidae
Mustela
Mustela frenata
Mustela frenata subsp. noveboracensis emmons 1840

description: Mustela frenata subsp. noveboracensis Emmons 1840
Synonyms: Mustela frenata subsp. fusca DeKay 1842; Mustela frenata subsp. richardsonii (Baird 1858).
description: Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Carnivora, pp. 532-628 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 615, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION AND FUNCTIONAL GROUPS PROFILE OF GINGER RHIZOME: A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON GINGER FROM VARIOUS ORIGINS GROWN IN PAKISTAN
Creators: name: MADIHA JAVID
name: RIZWAN SHUKAT
name: MIAN KAMRAN SHARIF
name: MUHAMMAD NAEEM FAISAL
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Ginger, Rhizome, Chemical Composition, Proximate Analysis, Minerals, FTIR, Functional Group, Colour Detection.

description: Abstract

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) belongs to the Zingiberaceae family of flowering plants, which originated in South-East Asia and has long been a popular culinary ingredient. The study was carried out to investigate the nutritional composition and functional group profile of ginger rhizome in different varieties of ginger grown in Pakistan. Samples of four varieties each originated from Thailand, Turkey, China and India, collected from Ayub Agricultural Research Institute Faisalabad, were dried and subjected to proximate, mineral, functional group and colour analyses. Moisture, ash, crude fat, protein, crude fiber and nitrogen free extract (NFE) were found to range between 6.03-8.41%; 4.43-6.63%; 4.07-7.08%; 5.80-9.46%; 5.14-6.37% and 64.87-69.39%, respectively. Calcium, magnesium, zinc and copper in the ginger varieties ranged between 145.42-172.67 mg/100 g, 412.75-595.92 mg/ 100 g, 1.64-3.62 mg/100 g and 0.82-4.19 mg/100 g, respectively. Fourior Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of ginger powders have strongly evidenced the presence of -OH (alcoholic group) and benzene rings (phenolic groups) with more phenolic compounds depicted in Thailand originated variety. Colour lightness range of the four ginger varieties were; L*: 25.47-58.51; a*: 5.06-7.21; b*: 15.21-23.27.