cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Gardasil -- Overcoming Negative Commentary
Creators: name: Demel, Roxana M.
name: Murday, Alanna
name: Rucki, Agnieszka
name: Fagan, Julie M.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2011

description: HPV and cervical cancer prevention through health literacy and vaccination
description: This Classipedia has been written and illustrated not only to educate youth about HPV, but to also spread awareness about the prevention against HPV related cancers through the use of Gardasil.Part I of the Classipedia discusses the overall research and is subsequently broken down into three parts. We begin by introducing HPV; what HPV is, how it is replicated, how it is transmitted, and symptoms of infection. We then follow through by going into detail about cancer; the common types associated with HPV, general stages from precancerous conditions to cancerous ones, associated symptoms, and various treatments. We then finally discuss Gardasil by discussing the general importance of health literacy, mechanisms affecting overall health ill prevention, and finally comparing and contrasting Gardasil with Cervarix. Part II of the Classipedia illustrates our community service project. We each wrote letters to school nurses for twelve schools throughout New Jersey and requested that they incorporate our strategically designed lesson plans into their curriculum. We broke down the objectives of the lesson plan, included an outline of the lesson plan (a 30-40 minute presentation), an educational video, handouts (consisting of a coupon, brochure, and a patient information printout), and an optional worksheet/quiz.Part III and the final part of our Classipedia was our video project. Our general goal was to raise awareness about general statistics associated with HPV and by illustrating how easy cancer prevention can be through the attainment of Gardasil. Questions associated with the interviews are listed.  We interviewed students on campus to find out what their general knowledge about Gardasil was. We also interviewed a Doctor of Pharmacy to get a professional opinion and facts associated with Gardasil.
Funding a Smile
Creators: name: Sagar, Sunke
name: Master, Megha
name: Vaidya, Romal
name: Radia, Nidhi
name: Fagan, Julie M.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2011

description: Increasing awareness of cleft palate/lip by explaining its causes, impacts, pre and post-surgical care, case studies, and raising funds to contribute towards Operation Smile’s cause.
description: Cleft disorder is the most common birth-defect which is found in “1 of every 700 infants.”  Cleft palate is a gap on the roof of one’s mouth. Cleft lip is a split on the lip between one’s mouth and nose. There are many organizations in the United States that support and help these individuals financially. This disorder can impact an individual socially, professionally and academically. These organizations help patients to overcome such problems. Surgery is the best solution to fix the cleft palate and cleft lip as surgery can restore one’s smile. There are two options one could opt to take. The first option being going through surgery, the other option is non-surgical which is just getting speech therapy. However, the physical disfigurement remains. The cost of surgery can cost anywhere from $5000 to $20000 depending on an individual basis and severity. With Operation Smile, it costs about $240 in donations to get a surgery done for each individual. The results after surgery are quite recovering, as there may be a scar and stitches which are put in around the palate and lip area but eventually the stitches will be taken out or be dissolved within five to seven days. Eating should be limited as the scar needs to be taken care of, and fluids need to be taken in more regularly then solid foods. Each case will be different as a whole, as recovery time and post-surgical care is on a severity basis. Our issue focuses on raising awareness as more than fifty percent of people interviewed at Rutgers University at New Brunswick, do not know about cleft palate or lip. In addition to spreading the word, we decided to raise money or funds by participating in an event organized by operation Smile at Rutgers as part of our community service project. We took part in it’s annual stand-up comedy event. The comedy show is a way to entertain people and raise money for a good cause. About 10-15 volunteer comedians perform for about five minutes each and tickets are sold at $5 dollars to people who are affiliated with Rutgers and $7 if they are not affiliated. The show runs for about an hour and half to 2 hours. All funds raised at this event are sent to the Operation Smile Foundation which would then be used for helping people with cleft lip/palate.
Pediobius flaviscapus Thomson
Creators: name: Yefremova, Zoya A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Eulophidae
Pediobius
Pediobius flaviscapus

description: 111. Pediobius flaviscapus (Thomson)
Material examined 1 ♀, Tel Aviv University, M.T., 19.vii.2007 (W. Kuslitzky); 1 ♀, Botanical garden, Tel Aviv, M.T., xi.2010 (Z. Yefremova, V. Kravchenko).
Hosts. Endoparasitoids of Coleophora sp. (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae); Spilonota sp. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae); Saperda sp. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) (Bouček & Askew 1968).
Distribution. Israel *; Palearctic (Vidal 2001; Yefremova et al. 2010).
description: Published as part of Yefremova, Zoya A., 2015, An annotated checklist of the Eulophidae (excl. Tetrastichinae) (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Israel, pp. 1-36 in Zootaxa 3957 (1) on pages 24-25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3957.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/288546
Diritto e genere. Temi e questioni
Creators: name: Scarponi, Stefania
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Trento
Year: 2020

description: I saggi raccolti nel volume approfondiscono rilevanti tematiche di natura giuridica ma non solo, come nel contributo dedicato alla ricerca di un linguaggio rispettoso delle differenze di genere in ambito burocratico e istituzionale (Covi). Altre analisi riguardano le politiche dell?Unione europea a sostegno dell?occupazione femminile (Gottardi) e il concetto di cittadinanza di genere nel campo dell?azione amministrativa (Simonati). Specifici approfondimenti riguardano inoltre l?ambito del lavoro e i divieti di discriminazione a fronte delle nuove istanze di eguaglianza (Scarponi); quello penalistico e il contrasto alla violenza nei confronti delle donne (Virgilio); infine l?ambito delle unioni civili e la questione cruciale della filiazione (Pasquino). Un contributo a carattere comparato infine � dedicato all?incidenza delle religioni nel diritto di famiglia con particolare attenzione alle questioni legate ai matrimoni misti (Camassa).
Combating Obesity of Low Income Food Stamp Recipients
Creators: name: Emrani, Jason
name: Schwartzer, Andrew
name: Mahmoud, Amro
name: Nam, Paul
name: Fagan, Julie M.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2011

description: An in depth look at the effects of being obese on the economic health of low income communities
description: We researched the economic effects of being obese for individuals with lower incomes and specifically those on food stamps. First we discuss how the healthcare system operates and the costs imposed on this system from obese individuals. We then analyze the costs imposed on nongovernmental institutions, including hospitals, private practices and families. We show how individuals who are obese and are enrolled in insurance through their employer earn less than non obese workers, thus decreasing their income even more. Finally we show that individuals of low income status tend to be more obese than individuals of higher income status.
Bijections between colored compositions, Dyck paths, and polygon partitions
Creators: name: Gil, Juan B.
name: Hoover, Emma G.
name: Shearer, Jessica A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05A19

description: In this paper, we give part-preserving bijections between three fundamental families of objects that serve as natural framework for many problems in enumerative combinatorics. Specifically, we consider compositions, Dyck paths, and partitions of a convex polygon, and identify suitable building blocks that are then appropriately decorated to achieve matching cardinalities. Our bijections are constructive and apply for the general case where the building blocks are allowed to come in different colors.
description: 10 pages. Submitted for publication
Pediobius foliorum Geoffroy
Creators: name: Yefremova, Zoya A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Eulophidae
Pediobius
Pediobius foliorum

description: 112. Pediobius foliorum (Geoffroy)
Material examined. 1 ♀, Israel, Tel Arad, sweeping, 5.iii.2013 (Z. Yefremova).
Hosts. Endoparasitoid of Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) (Bouček & Askew 1968). Distribution. Israel *; Nearctic and Palearctic ecorealms (Bouček & Askew 1968; Kalina 1989; Vidal 2001).
description: Published as part of Yefremova, Zoya A., 2015, An annotated checklist of the Eulophidae (excl. Tetrastichinae) (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Israel, pp. 1-36 in Zootaxa 3957 (1) on page 25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3957.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/288546
Alteration of Developmental Genes in Breast Cancer
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Cancer is the result of genetic accidents that disrupt the normal regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation and survival. Such a disruption may result from permanent changes (mutations) in genes, but there are other more transitory ways that the DNA can be altered, also resulting in a disruption of these functions. A process called DNA methylation is the best understood of these types of mechanisms. In this process, genes undergo a chemical modification where a methyl group is added to one of their nucleotides. Thus, some spots in genes may be "methylated" or "unmethylated". Usually, a gene that has many methyl groups added to it (hypermethylated) no longer makes its protein. Methylation can therefore be a method to alter the function of the genes involved in developing cancer.

 There are few techniques that will efficiently scan and identify changes in gene methylation. We have developed a method called Methylation Sensitive-Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (MS-AFLP). This innovative technique allows the identification and isolation of DNA fragments showing methylation changes by looking for patterns called "DNA fingerprints". MS-AFLP pilot experiments using matched normal/tumor DNA of breast, prostate, and colon showed reproducible changes in gene methylation status, some of which were specifically associated with the tumors. In these pilot experiments we unexpectedly found that several of these fingerprint bands contained sequences derived from genes that are believed to be involved in developmental regulation called homeotic genes.

 We believe that our observation of alterations in methylation in several homeotic genes by MS-AFLP fingerprinting may be the tip of the iceberg, and that DNA methylation changes in homeotic genes are very frequent in carcinogenesis in general and in breast cancer in particular. This hypothesis is consistent with the observation that cancer cells often possess characteristics specific to fetal cells. Because homeotic genes direct animal and cell maturation, inhibition of homeotic genes could result in a less mature cell. Thus, hypermethylation of homeotic genes may play a role in breast cancer by contributing to the escape of the cells from their normal constraints of cell maturation. The role of hypermethylation of some homeotic genes in the pathogenesis of breast cancer will be directly tested by introducing unmethylated forms of the homeotic genes into breast cancer cells in culture and monitoring their effects. This approach may open potential therapeutic avenues aiming at the reactivation of those genes.
Regulatory Mechanisms for Growth & Motility in Breast Cancer
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: The development and progression of breast cancer is not well understood, but appears to involve changes in normal cellular regulatory mechanisms for growth and motility. Important parts of this regulation involve proteins known as kinases. Kinases activate or inhibit other proteins by attaching a chemical phosphate group. The formation of cancers has been shown to depend on at least one of these kinases, known as MAP kinase. Recent findings suggest additional kinase pathways may also play critical roles in the developing tumors and in their ability to spread to other parts of the body. Our studies will investigate a possible novel pathway through which breast cancer and other tumors might develop. Knowledge of this new mechanism will lead to greater understanding of the pathogenesis of breast cancer and will enable us to identify new biological markers able to predict the course of the cancer (prognostic indicators). Information obtained on regulation of the motile responses of breast cancers will allow us to develop means to reduce or prevent such spreading. This will be a tremendous benefit, since cancers of the breast can be readily accessed prior to their spread into additional organs.

 Previous studies have shown that activity of the normal MAP kinase pathway is controlled by Ras protein and that Ras directly induces the formation of tumors in this way. Ras is one of a family of proteins which bind a signaling molecule known as GTP. Other GTP-binding proteins of the Ras family, termed Rac and CDC42, may control other equally important regulatory kinases. We have identified such kinases, which are called p21-activated kinases or Paks. Based on a variety of data, we hypothesize that the Rac GTP-binding protein, via its ability to modulate the activity of Pak, regulates another set of mammalian MAP kinases. These new MAP kinases are likely to be important for controlling breast cancer development and spreading (metastasis). Using molecular biological and biochemical approaches, we will first determine whether Pak controls one of these novel MAP kinase pathways. We will then proceed to identify the actual sequence of proteins that may be intermediate between Pak(s) and the novel MAP kinases. These findings will be evaluated directly in breast cancer-derived cells, assessing the effects of the novel pathway(s) on growth control and motility. The studies described here form the required initial steps to understand the molecular basis for breast cancer, ultimately and directly leading to a greater ability to intervene effectively in this disease.
Nebrius ferrugineus
Creators: name: White, William T.
name: Ko'Ou, Alfred
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Chondrichthyes
Orectolobiformes
Ginglymostomatidae
Nebrius
Nebrius ferrugineus

description: Nebrius ferrugineus (Lesson, 1831)
Tawny Shark
Scyllium ferrugineum Lesson, 1831: 95. Syntypes whereabouts unknown. Type locality: Port Praslin [= Lambom], New Ireland; Offack Bay, Waigeo, Indonesia.
Local synonymy: Scyllium ferrugineum Lesson, 1831: 95 (Port Praslin, New Ireland). Ginglymostoma concolor— Macleay, 1883a: 597 (New Guinea). Ginglymostoma mulleri— Günther, 1910: 487 (Port Praslin, New Ireland). Ginglymostoma ferrugineum— Fowler, 1934: 385 (Port Moresby); Munro, 1967: 5, pl. 1, fig. 3 (New Guinea). Nebrius ferrugineum— Munro, 1958: 111 (Milne Bay; Otua Island, Bougainville; Tami Island, Morobe Province); Hamilton et al., 2009: 73 (northern Bismarck Archipelago). Nebrius ferrugineus— Filewood, 1973: 9 (Papua New Guinea); Compagno, 1984: 208 (PNG); Compagno, 2001: 196 (PNG); Allen et al., 2003: 112 (Milne Bay); Last & Stevens, 2009: 151 (PNG); White et al., 2018: 78, figs (PNG).
PNG voucher material: (5 spec.) CSIRO C 1125, juvenile male 478 mm TL, CSIRO C 1126, juvenile male 440 mm TL, Cannac Island, Laughlan Island Group, Milne Bay, 9°18’ S, 153°35’ E, 15 Feb. 1950; KFRS E.001 (dried jaws), 2515 mm TL, Mission Point, Yule Island, 13 Nov. 1963; USNM 221733, female 670 mm TL, Kuia Island, Trobriand Islands, Milne Bay Province, Jun. 1970; NMV A 18927, juvenile male 690 mm TL, between Port Moresby and Kapa Kapa, Central Province, May 1881.
Remarks: First recorded in PNG by Lesson (1831) off Port Praslin [=Lambom] in New Ireland; this record and one from off Waigeo were used for the original description of this species. No specimens caught during recent surveys but images of a large specimen from the Gulf of Papua was taken by fisheries observers; also an underwater photograph from Kavieng, New Ireland by Dean Tully.
description: Published as part of White, William T. & Ko'Ou, Alfred, 2018, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of Papua New Guinea, pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 4411 (1) on page 22, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4411.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1221878
Gestures and Segments: Vowel Intrusion as Overlap
Creators: name: Hall, Nancy Elizabeth
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2003

description: This dissertation focuses on a phenomenon that I call vowel intrusion. There are cases where a vowel can be heard between two consonants, yet the phonology behaves as if no vowel is present. These “intrusive vowels” are non-syllabic, and native speakers are often unaware of their existence. I argue that intrusive vowels are a percept resulting from the organization of articulatory gestures. When two consonant gestures have little overlap with one another, there is an acoustic release between them; vowel gestures typically overlap neighboring consonants considerably, and it is possible for an overlapping vowel gesture to be heard in this period of release. Intrusive vowels are not segments. They behave unlike true epenthetic vowels. A typological survey reveals that vowel intrusion happens in consonant clusters that contain a sonorant or a guttural, and that it is always the vowel adjacent to the sonorant or guttural that is heard during the release. Intrusive vowels occur primarily in heterorganic clusters, especially next to geminates; they often disappear at fast speech rates, and in some languages, they occur only within or only between syllables. I argue that these characteristics are best explained in a theory that uses Articulatory Phonology representations (Browman & Goldstein 1986 et seq.).I develop a theory called Timing-Augmented Surface Phonology (TASP), cast within the framework of Optimality Theory. TASP contains constraints on the alignment of neighboring gestures (Gafos 2002) and on the permitted degree of overlap between different gestures. The theory requires a segmental representation as well as a gestural representation. Syllables organize segments rather than gestures, and that inter-segmental gestural alignment is universally non-contrastive. The same gestural framework describes both the short, schwa-like intrusive vowels often described as “excrescent”, and also a longer type found in Scots Gaelic and Hocank (Winnebago), in which the vowel is heard in two long parts on either side of the sonorant. In the latter cases the sonorant and vowel together behave like a bimoraic nucleus, and are adjoined in a structure similar to vocalic diphthongs. The theory also has implications for the analysis of Hocank accent.
Opacity and Sound Change in the Polish Lexicon
Creators: name: Sanders, Robert Nathaniel
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2003

description: The main goal of this dissertation is to provide a generative account of phonological opacity within a framework built upon direct mapping in the synchronic grammar without abstract intermediate representations, as in standard Optimality Theory (OT; Prince and Smolensky 1993/2002). Such a framework predicts that certain types of opacity cannot be synchronically productive.   take this prediction seriously and develop an analysis in which opacity is shown to arise from the interaction of sound change and a strong version of Prince and Smolensky's principle of lexicon optimization, in which the underlying lexicon is 'optimized' by becoming more faithful to the surface pronunciation. This interaction results in a progressive encoding of sound changes directly into the evolving lexicon, mirroring the stepwise effect of multistratal derivations, but diachronically rather than synchronically, preserving direct mapping. The specific theoretical framework used in this dissertation is Faithfulness, Dispersion, and Markedness in OT (FDM-OT), which differs from standard OT by offering a functional account of sound change and synchronic phonology through the interaction of faithfulness (along the lines of McCarthy and Prince 1995), dispersion (generalized from Dispersion Theory (Flemming 1995, Padgett 1997, and Ní Chiosáin and Padgett 2001)), and universally ranked articulatory markedness constraints. Grounded in cognition, acoustics, and articulation, FDM-OT explains and predicts phonological patterns with fewer arbitrary or abstract stipulations than are required by competing theories. I analyze three well-known instances of opacity from Polish, the language of focus. Additionally, I provide analyses of opacity in refined Low German, Turkish, and Tuyuca, arguing that all cases of opacity fit into the following typology:  (i) synchronically unproductive opacity, which fails to apply to nonce forms and to lexical exceptions but is still pervasive in the lexicon due to lexicon optimization; (ii) morphologically conditioned opacity, which may be synchronically productive, but only at particular morphological boundaries because the relevant affixes have allomorphs created by lexicon optimization that are encoded with historically opaque alternations; and (iii) transparent 'opacity', which can be reanalyzed transparently because original opaque analyses lacked sufficient phonetic detail or access to certain recent theoretical advances, such as FDM-OT's dispersion constraints.
Les interventions du traducteur dans le texte, ou comment rendre une traduction... mauvaise
Creators: name: Acerenza, Gerardo
Publisher: name: Dipartimento di Lettere e Filosofia - Universit� di Trento
Year: 2019

description: Maria Chapdelaine, le c�l�bre roman de la litt�rature canadienne-fran�aise, b�n�ficie de cinq traductions en italien. L?une d?entre elles, Lui non torn� pi� (H�mon [sic]), a �t� publi�e en 1954 chez les �ditions Paoline � Vicence. Les parties du texte source traduites int�gralement ne restituent pas fid�lement le contenu s�mantique et le style de l?original. Pour ce qui est des parties adapt�es, nous constatons qu?il ne s?agit pas d?une adaptation globale (ou d?une transculturation) dans le but de naturaliser le contexte socioculturel �voqu� dans le texte source. La version de Melitta n?est pas du tout accommod�e pour garantir une �quivalence d?effet pour les lecteurs italiens. Au cours de cette �tude, nous chercherons � montrer en quoi la version de Melitta est une mauvaise traduction et pourquoi on peut consid�rer que cette version fait partie de la tradition des � laides infid�les �. Nous analyserons et commenterons, entre autres, la nature des interventions de la traductrice dans le texte, notamment les ajouts entre parenth�ses.
Confluence in phonology: evidence from Micronesian reduplication
Creators: name: Kennedy, Robert
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2003

description: This dissertation explores the phonological systems of Micronesian languages, in search of patterns that are consistent throughout the family and others that are unique to subgroups and individual languages. Using data from Pohnpeian, Mokilese, Pingilapese, Puluwat, Chuukese, Woleaian, Marshallese, and Kosraean, the study focuses on reduplicative morphology as an illustrative window into the phonology of each language. Each language is treated with an Optimality-Theoretic analysis, and consequently the phonology of each is attributed to the same set of principles. However, as a whole, the analyses cannot explain the existence of common and unique patterns within the family. A model of language change called Confluence is presented in order to account for typological trends among related languages. The model acknowledges that learners of languages settle on a grammar based on ambient data; thus, the acquired grammar should approximate the grammar that produces the ambient data. However, a number of perceptual and articulatory factors have the result that the set of data that the learner perceives is unlike the set of data that the ambient grammar would predict.  As a consequence, the learner¡¦s grammar may differ from that of the ambient grammar. Because of the inclusion of perceptual and articulatory biases in the model, Confluence predicts several outcomes. First, a particular pattern might be resistant to change, or the same innovation might be likely to occur independently in different languages, and either way it is an observable property of otherwise divergent languages. Second, two or more co-occurring grammatical traits of a particular language can be shown to have a common source. Each of the predictions of Confluence is supported in the language analyses. Examples of robust patterns include coda consonant restrictions, moraic feet, and bimoraic reduplicative prefixes. Two examples of recurring innovations are the introduction of final vowel deletion and the avoidance of initial geminate consonants in favor of some other structure. Phonological patterns that co-occur in a principled manner include geminate inventories and morpheme alignment, foot structure and final vowel lenition, and a cluster of properties that consists of length contrasts, word maximality, morpheme alignment, and segment inventories.
Investigation of low band gap silicon alloy thin film solar cell for improving short and long wavelength response
Creators: name: Iftiquar, S. M.
name: Yi, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Numerical simulation of a solar cell can provide various information that can be useful to maximize its power conversion efficiency (PCE). In that respect we carried out a set of numerical simulation using AFORS-HET simulation program. Separately, in order to get a better understanding, the optical absorption in individual layers devices were analyzed. Current-voltage characteristic curve of a reference cell (Cell-A) was used as the starting device. The PCE of the reference device was $8.85\%$ with short circuit current density $J_{sc}$ of 15.43 mA/cm$^{2}$ and fill factor (FF) of $68.3\%$. However, it was noticed that the reference cell had high parasitic optical absorption at the window layer and the device structure was also not optimized. After suitable optimization the PCE of this device (Cell-B2) improves to $11.59\%$ ($J_{sc}$ and FF of 13.0 mA/cm$^{2}$ and $87\%$ respectively). The results show that the effective optical absorption in the active layer can be improved significantly by optimizing the device structure. The short wavelength response can be improved by reducing the parasitic optical absorption by the doped window layer, while its long wavelength response improves by raising effective absorption length of the active layer. Furthermore, its optimum thickness, for the highest possible PCE, is found to be dependent upon the material properties, more importantly on its defect density.
description: 21 pages, 14 Figs
Targeting Breast Cancer Blood Vessels
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Breast cancer cells are 'hidden' behind the normal cells in the body, and it is difficult to directly target them in clinical settings. This thin barrier between the blood and the tumor is composed of endothelial cells, which serve to supply the tumor with nourishment and they later become a convenient avenue to spread in the body. It is appreciated that the tumor endothelial cells are different from normal vascular endothelial cells, but we know little about their specific proteins. Our interest is to gain more information about the tumor blood vessels, and use this information to generate monoclonal antibodies for immunotherapy. This approach would target the luminal surface (i.e., side of the cell facing the blood) of endothelial cells that feed tumor cells. Thus, our eventual strategy for immunotherapy of breast carcinomas is to target cytotoxic agents to the endothelial cells lining the tumor blood vessels, thus removing the tumor's blood supply

 Proteins at the luminal surface of the endothelium from normal tissue and from tumors of rat mammary carcinoma cells will be identified and compared by utilizing a novel membrane-isolation scheme that selectively isolates luminal endothelial cell plasma membranes from cancerous tissue. The proteins in these membrane fractions will be comparatively analyzed and characterized to create a very useful molecular map of the vascular endothelial cell surface. So far, in our preliminary studies, we have found several proteins selectively associated with the tumor endothelium. Specific monoclonal antibodies will be produced to these tumor endothelial proteins in order to target the vasculature of the tumor. Proteins of interest will also be purified for amino acid analysis to determine their identity. Our plan is to find numerous tumor-specific endothelial proteins that are not found in normal tissues. We will collect and assemble this information into a vascular endothelial cell proteonomic (VEP) map, which can be likened to either a library or database of potentially useful molecular targets for breast cancer immunotherapy. Finally, those antibodies found to be specific for the tumor endothelium will be tested in animal models to see if they are effective in treating experimental breast cancer.

 Our experiments in this study are focused on the primary tumor, but we plan to extend our work to target the critical tumor vessels in distant sites of metastasis (e.g., lung). Thus, the potential of the VEP map and specific targeting antibodies will be the ability to use immunotherapy for advanced metastatic disease, which is usually resistant to current therapy options.
Rhincodontidae Muller & Henle 1839
Creators: name: White, William T.
name: Ko'Ou, Alfred
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Chondrichthyes
Orectolobiformes
Rhincodontidae

description: Family Rhincodontidae Müller & Henle, 1839
Whale Shark
description: Published as part of White, William T. & Ko'Ou, Alfred, 2018, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of Papua New Guinea, pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 4411 (1) on page 22, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4411.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1221878
Mecinus simus
Creators: name: Caldara, Roberto
name: Fogato, Valter
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Curculionidae
Mecinus
Mecinus simus

description: Mecinus simus group
Diagnosis. Rostrum very short, conical, straight in lateral view. Protibiae with apical third distinctly enlarged, sometimes with outer margin and apex bearing stout denticles.
Remarks and comparative notes. The shape of rostrum and protibiae are really notheworthy and unique in Mecinini. Both characters are paradoxically similar to those of a mole and the tibiae are similar to those of Scarabaeidae. Although nothing is known about their biology except for their host plants, it is possible that the species of this group deposit eggs in the roots of plants and this fact might explain the strong modification of these structures for digging/burrowing
description: Published as part of Caldara, Roberto & Fogato, Valter, 2013, Systematics of the weevil genus  Mecinus  Germar, 1821 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). I. Taxonomic treatment of the species, pp. 1-105 in Zootaxa 3654 (1) on page 56, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3654.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5265486
Rhincodon Smith 1829
Creators: name: White, William T.
name: Ko'Ou, Alfred
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Elasmobranchii
Carcharhiniformes
Carcharhinidae
Rhincodon

description: Genus Rhincodon Smith, 1829
Whale Shark
Rhincodon Smith, 1829: 443. Type species: Rhiniodon typus Smith, 1828, by monotypy, as interpreted by the ICZN, 1984 (Opinion 1278).
description: Published as part of White, William T. & Ko'Ou, Alfred, 2018, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of Papua New Guinea, pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 4411 (1) on page 22, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4411.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1221878
Deriving Economy: Syncope in Optimality Theory
Creators: name: Gouskova, Maria
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2003

description: This dissertation proposes that markedness constraints in Optimality Theory are lenient: a form can be marked with respect to a constraint only if there is another form that is unmarked. Thus, no constraint bans the least marked thing. The central consequence of this idea is that there are no economy constraints that penalize structure as such. Economy effects follow from the interaction of lenient markedness constraints. Economy constraints are shown to be not only unnecessary but actually harmful: their very presence in CON predicts unattested patterns that remove structure regardless of markedness. Chapter 2 develops the theory of CON and argues that various structural economy effects (preferences for smaller structures over larger ones and for fewer structures over more) follow from constraint interaction.  Also addressed are economy effects that involve the deletion of input structure, including foot-sized maximum effects in truncation and syllable-sized and segment-sized maximum effects in reduplication. OT's economy constraints of the *STRUC family are argued to produce unattested patterns under re-ranking and are excluded from CON as a matter of principle. Chapter 3 examines metrical syncope in Hopi, Tonkawa, and Southeastern Tepehuan. Different patterns fall out from the interaction of the same metrical markedness constraints in language-specific rankings. All of these constraints have other, non-economy effects--in principle, they can be satisfied by the addition of structure as well as by removal of structure. Metrical shortening and syncope remove marked structure, not all structure: the well-formedness of an output is determined by the distribution of weight in its feet and exhaustivity of footing, not by the number of syllables, moras, and feet. Chapter 4 examines differential syncope in Lillooet, Lushootseed, and the Lebanese and Mekkan dialects of Arabic. Under the leniency hypothesis, there are constraints against low-sonority syllable nuclei and foot peaks but not high-sonority ones; likewise, there are constraints against high-sonority foot margins but not high-sonority vowels in general. The interaction of lenient constraints cannot duplicate the effects of economy constraints. There are real crosslinguistic asymmetries in attested differential syncope patterns that can only be explained if we abandon the notion that "everything is marked."
The formal expression of markedness
Creators: name: De Lacy, Paul V.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2002

description: This dissertation presents a formal theory of markedness, set within Optimality Theory.  Two of the leading ideas are (a) hierarchical markedness relations may be ignored, but never reversed and (b) the more marked an element is, the greater the pressure to preserve it.  Examples of (a) are found in sonority-driven stress systems.  In Gujarati, low vowels attract stress away from mid vowels, while Nganasan's stress system makes no distinction between the two categories.  So, while stressed mid vowels are more marked than stressed low vowels (as shown by Gujarati), that distinction can be conflated (as in Nganasan).  However, in no language is the markedness relation reversed: stressed mid vowels are never preferred over stressed low vowels. An example of (b) is found in Yamphu.  /t/ is eliminated through a process of debuccalization. In contrast, the more marked segments /k/ and /p/ remain intact; these segments avoid the debuccalization process because they are highly marked and thereby excite greater preservation. Ideas (a) and (b) are formally expressed as a set of constraint-formation conditions. For constraints on output structures ('markedness' constraints), if a constraint assigns a violation to an element p in scale S, then the constraint also assigns a violation to every element that is more marked than p in S. An analogous proposal applies to faithfulness (i.e. preservation) constraints: if a faithfulness constraint bans an unfaithful mapping from element p in scale S, then the constraint also bans unfaithful mappings from all elements that are more marked than p in S. The result is that - regardless of the constraints' ranking - more marked elements are both subject to more stringent output conditions and preserved more faithfully than lesser-marked ones. The constraints are also shown to allow distinctions between scale categories to be collapsed. A wide range of phonological phenomena provide evidence for the theoretical proposals, including analyses and typologies of sonority-driven stress (Nganasan, Gujarati, Kiriwina, and Harar Oromo), tone-driven stress, vowel and consonant epenthesis, vowel reduction (Dutch), coda neutralization (Malay and Yamphu), Place assimilation (Catalan, Ponapean, Korean, Swedish, and Sri Lankan Portuguese Creole), and coalescence (Attic Greek and Pali).
Rhincodon Smith 1829
Creators: name: White, William T.
name: Ko'Ou, Alfred
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Elasmobranchii
Carcharhiniformes
Carcharhinidae
Rhincodon

description: Rhincodon typus (Smith, 1828)
Whale Shark
Rhiniodon typus Smith, 1828: 2. Holotype: MNHN 9855 (stuffed and mounted). Type locality: Table Bay, South Africa.
Local synonymy: Selache maxima —Thomas, 1887: 380 (Redscar Bay). Rhincodon typus— Munro, 1958: 112 (Redscar Bay); Munro, 1967: 6, pl. 1, fig. 6 (New Guinea). Rhincodon typus— Filewood, 1973: 3 (PNG); Compagno, 2001: 202 (PNG); Hamilton et al., 2009: 73 (northern Bismarck Archipelago); White et al., 2018: 82, figs (PNG). Rhiniodon typus— Compagno, 1984: 210 (PNG).
PNG voucher material: None.
Remarks: First recorded by Thomas (1887), as Selache maxime, based on observations of a number of individuals moving close to the vessel he was onboard; colour pattern description and size clearly relate to this species. Observer by divers at various locations around PNG; caught (and released) by purse seiners operating in northern pelagic PNG waters.
description: Published as part of White, William T. & Ko'Ou, Alfred, 2018, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of Papua New Guinea, pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 4411 (1) on page 22, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4411.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1221878
Derivational Phonology and Optimality Phonology: Formal Comparison and Synthesis
Creators: name: Norton, Russell James
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2003

description: This thesis conducts a formal comparison of Optimality Theoretic phonology with its predecessor, Rule-based Derivational phonology. This is done in three studies comparing (i) rule operations and Faithfulness constraint violations, (ii) serial rule interaction and hierarchical constraint interaction, and (iii) derivational sequences and harmony scales. In each, the extent of the correlation is demonstrated, and empirical implications of their differences drawn out. Together, the studies demonstrate that there is no case in which the two frameworks mimic each other at all three points at once: the "Duke of York gambit", where one rule is reversed by another, is the one case where rule ordering and constraint ranking converge, yet the complexity of this composite mapping demonstrably exceeds that of the input-output mappings of Optimality Theory. It is also argued that the Duke of York mapping is generally unexplanatory, and that its availability falsely predicts that a vowel inventory may be reduced to one in some contexts by deletion and then insertion. The failure of this prediction is illustrated from Yokuts, Chukchee and Lardil. A synthesis of derivational and optimality phonology is then presented in which constraints accumulate one by one (Constraint Cumulation Theory, CCT). This successfully describes patterns of overapplication, mutual interdependence, and default, each of which was previously captured in one of the systems but not replicated in the other. It also automatically excludes Duke of York derivations except for some attested subtypes. The way the model handles overapplication and underapplication leads to the further prediction that neutralisation and elision processes are transparent except when neutralisation occurs as part of a stability effect – a result which draws on the resources of contemporary phonology to resolve the 'unmarked rule ordering' problem from the 1970s, and reinforces the traditional distinctions of neutralisation vs. conditioned variation, and elision vs. epenthesis.
The morphology and phonology of infixation
Creators: name: Yu, Alan Chi Lun
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2003

description: The subject matter of this study is the formal properties of infixes. This study begins with a catalogue of the placement properties of infixation in Chapter 1, showing that there is a bias for infixes to target edge constituents. This edge bias is explained in Chapter 4 in terms of the Exogenesis Theory of Infixation, which advocates the view that edge infixes originate from historical prefixes and suffixes; an infix’s original peripheral position is reflected in its edge profile today. A synchronic theory of infixation, Generalized Phonological Subcategorization (GPS), which allows non-prosodic units to enter into subcategorization relations, is proposed in Chapter 2 to encode the subcategorization requirement of an infix. Past theories of infixation are reviewed also in Chapter 2, with particular attention focused on the Hybrid Models which account for the prominence-driven infixes in terms of Prosodic Subcategorization while promoting Displacement Theory (DT) as a mean to explain the distribution of the edge-oriented infixes. Arguments on both theoretical and empirical grounds are summoned against DT’s view that edge infixes result from the movement of an underlying prefix or suffix acquiescing to certain phonological or morphological constraints. I advance the Subcategorization Non-violability Hypothesis, epitomized in the universal constraint ranking schema, M-ALIGN >> P, in Chapter 3 to supplement GPS by restricting the way morphological subcategorization requirement interacts with phonological constraints in the grammar; coerced affix movement (i.e. DT) is ruled out by virtue of the fact that constraints on morphological subcategorization must outrank all phonological constraints. Other typological aspects of infixation are reviewed in Chapter 5.
Pediobius italicus Boucek
Creators: name: Yefremova, Zoya A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Eulophidae
Pediobius
Pediobius italicus

description: 113. Pediobius italicus Bouček
Material examined. 1 ♀, Israel, Mt. Carmel, Nahal Oren, M.T., 28.iii.2011 (V. Kravchenko). Hosts. Endoparasitoid of Spulerina simploniella Fischer von Röslerstamm (Bouček & Askew 1968) and Phyllocnistis citrella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) (Yefremova et al. 2007).
Distribution. Israel *; Palearctic (Bouček & Askew 1968; Yefremova et al. 2007).
description: Published as part of Yefremova, Zoya A., 2015, An annotated checklist of the Eulophidae (excl. Tetrastichinae) (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Israel, pp. 1-36 in Zootaxa 3957 (1) on page 25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3957.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/288546
Prosodic Morphology in Spanish:  Constraint Interaction in Word Formation
Creators: name: Piñeros, Carlos Eduardo
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 1998

description: This dissertation explores a domain of Spanish morphology that is phonologically-conditioned. Dominant phonological constraints may cause word-formation processes to depart from the unmarked conca-tenative pattern.  I examine a set of marginal word-formation processes where different alternatives to concatenative morphology are exploited in order to generate new lexical forms.  The language game Jerigonza, word-blending, truncatory morphology and playful-wording are all processes whereby an alternate lexical item is created without morpheme concatenation. On the basis that the new output form (NWO) reproduces derived properties of the source form (SF), such as syllable and foot structures, it is argued that SF is not an abstract input form but a fully-fledged output form. This approach is in line with recent proposals within Optimality and Correspondence Theories claiming that certain processes obey a correspondence relationship whereby two output forms are forced to retain a degree of resemblance that depends on the ranking of faithfulness constraints with respect to other active constraints. Consistent with the findings within Prosodic Morphology Theory, it is also shown that phonology and morphology interact through constraints that are defined in terms of phonological and morphological units. Alignment between the edges of these constituents is often a factor that determines NWO. In word-blending, the sequential order of morphemes is broken when one of the SF's overlaps upon the other one. In order to satisfy an alignment condition, NWO must contain some segments with multiple correspondents in SF, which do not have to be featurally identical. In Jerigonza, the contiguity of SF is altered by the intrusion of epenthetic syllables that help NWO meet a prosodic configuration where the correspondent of every syllable in SF heads a disyllabic foot. In truncatory morphology, SF is minimized in favor of prosodic unmarked-ness that is reflected at the prosodic-word level but also at the foot and syllable levels since NWO corresponds to a single binary foot projected on minimally-marked syllables. In playful-wording, SF is lengthened at its right edge through the introduction of an epenthetic syllable that helps avoid a word-final main-stressed foot.