cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Gonorrhea and chlamydia prevalence in different anatomical sites among men who have sex with men: a cross-sectional study in Guangzhou, China
Creators: name: Tucker, Joseph D
name: Yang, Li-Gang
name: Zhang, Xiao-Hui
name: Ke, Wu-Jian
name: Chen, Zheng-Yu
name: Chen, Wei-Ying
name: Ren, Xu-Qi
name: Zhao, Pei-Zhen
name: Wang, Liu-Yuan
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2018

description: Abstract
                Background
                A high rectal and oropharyngeal sexually transmitted infection (STI) burden has been reported among men who have sex with men (MSM) in many regions, but little data exists on rectal and oropharyngeal STIs among MSM in China. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of gonorrhea and chlamydia at different anatomic sites among MSM in Guangzhou, China.
                Methods
                We recruited a cross-sectional sample of MSM in one Chinese city and collected detailed information about socio-demographic characteristics and sexual behaviors. Men had urine, rectal, and pharyngeal swab samples tested for gonorrhea and chlamydia using nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT). Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to evaluate factors associated with gonorrhea and chlamydia. Among men without any STI symptoms, we also examined the prevalence of gonorrhea and chlamydia by anatomical site.
                Results
                We enrolled 463 men between January 2015 and March 2017. A total of 58/463 (12.5%) of men had gonorrhea and 84/463 (18.1%) had chlamydia. MSM with gonorrhea were more likely to have been recruited from the STI clinic (OR 3.41, 95% CI 1.94–5.99), living with HIV (OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.18–4.92), diagnosed had STI co-infection (OR 2.55, 95% CI 1.39–4.69). MSM with chlamydia were more likely to be students (OR 1.8, 95% CI 0.99–3.39). Most gonorrhea (34/58, 59%) and chlamydia (64/84, 76%) infections were not associated with STI symptoms.
                Conclusion
                Asymptomatic gonorrhea and chlamydia infection were common in this sample of Chinese MSM. Further research is necessary to determine optimal STI screening programs.
When Grades Are High but Self-Efficacy Is Low : Unpacking the Confidence Gap Between Girls and Boys in Mathematics
Creators: name: Zander, Lysann
name: Höhne, Elisabeth
name: Harms, Sophie
name: Pfost, Maximilian
name: Hornsey, Matthew J.
Publisher: name: Lausanne : Frontiers Media
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: gender
subject: mathematics
subject: self-efficacy beliefs
subject: sources of self-efficacy
subject: STEM
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::100 | Philosophie::150 | Psychologie

description: Girls have much lower mathematics self-efficacy than boys, a likely contributor to the under-representation of women in STEM. To help explain this gender confidence gap, we examined predictors of mathematics self-efficacy in a sample of 1,007 9th graders aged 13–18 years (54.2% girls). Participants completed a standardized math test, after which they rated three indices of mastery: an affective component (state self-esteem), a meta-cognitive component (self-enhancement), and their prior math grade. Despite having similar grades, girls reported lower mathematics self-efficacy and state self-esteem, and were less likely than boys to self-enhance in terms of performance. Multilevel multiple-group regression analyses showed that the affective mastery component explained girls’ self-efficacy while cognitive self-enhancement explained boys’. Yet, a chi-square test showed that both constructs were equally relevant in the prediction of girls’ and boys’ self-efficacy. Measures of interpersonal sources of self-efficacy were not predictive of self-efficacy after taking the other dimensions into account. Results suggest that boys are advantaged in their development of mathematics self-efficacy beliefs, partly due to more positive feelings and more cognitive self-enhancement following test situations. © Copyright © 2020 Zander, Höhne, Harms, Pfost and Hornsey.
Observing Strategies for the Detection of Jupiter Analogs
Creators: name: Wittenmyer, Robert A.
name: Horner, J.
name: Butler, R. P.
name: Jones, H. R. A.
name: O'Toole, S. J.
name: Bailey, J.
name: Carter, B. D.
name: Salter, G. S.
name: Wright, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To understand the frequency, and thus the formation and evolution, of planetary systems like our own solar system, it is critical to detect Jupiter-like planets in Jupiter-like orbits. For long-term radial-velocity monitoring, it is useful to estimate the observational effort required to reliably detect such objects, particularly in light of severe competition for limited telescope time. We perform detailed simulations of observational campaigns, maximizing the realism of the sampling of a set of simulated observations. We then compute the detection limits for each campaign to quantify the effect of increasing the number of observational epochs and varying their time coverage. We show that once there is sufficient time baseline to detect a given orbital period, it becomes less effective to add further time coverage -- rather, the detectability of a planet scales roughly as the square root of the number of observations, independently of the number of orbital cycles included in the data string. We also show that no noise floor is reached, with a continuing improvement in detectability at the maximum number of observations N=500 tested here.
description: Accepted for publication in PASP
The quantitative Morse theorem
Creators: name: Loi, Ta Le
name: Phien, Phan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 58K05, Secondary 58E05, 97N40

description: In this paper, we give a proof of the quantitative Morse theorem stated by {Y. Yomdin} in \cite{Y1}. The proof is based on the quantitative Sard theorem, the quantitative inverse function theorem and the quantitative Morse lemma.
description: 11
title: Walter Pohl und Max Diesenberger (Hrsg.), Integration und Herrschaft: Ethnische Identitäten und soziale Organisation im Frühmittelalter
Creators: name: Siegmund, Frank
Publisher: name: University Library Heidelberg
Year: 2016

description: Rezension zu: Walter Pohl und Max Diesenberger (Hrsg.), Integration und Herrschaft: Ethnische Identitäten und soziale Organisation im Frühmittelalter. Denkschriften / Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-Historische Klasse, Band 301. Forschungen zur Geschichte des Mittelalters, Band 3. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien 2002. 354 Seiten inkl. gemeinsamem Quellen- und Literaturverzeichnis, 22 Abbildungen, Text in deutscher und englischer Sprache.
Characterization of tissue engineered endothelial cell networks in composite collagen-agarose hydrogels
Creators: name: Ichanti, Houda
name: Sladic, Sanja
name: Kalies, Stefan
name: Haverich, Axel
name: Andrée, Birgit
name: Hilfiker, Andres
Publisher: name: Basel : Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: collagen hydrogel
subject: endothelial cell network
subject: hybrid hydrogel
subject: tissue engineering
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::540 | Chemie

description: Scaffolds constitute an important element in vascularized tissues and are therefore investigated for providing the desired mechanical stability and enabling vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. In this study, supplementation of hydrogels containing either Matrigel™ and rat tail collagen I (Matrigel™/rCOL) or human collagen (hCOL) with SeaPlaque™ agarose were analyzed with regard to construct thickness and formation and characteristics of endothelial cell (EC) networks compared to constructs without agarose. Additionally, the effect of increased rCOL content in Matrigel™/rCOL constructs was studied. An increase of rCOL content from 1 mg/mL to 3 mg/mL resulted in an increase of construct thickness by approximately 160%. The high rCOL content, however, impaired the formation of an EC network. The supplementation of Matrigel™/rCOL with agarose increased the thickness of the hydrogel construct by approximately 100% while supporting the formation of a stable EC network. The use of hCOL/agarose composite hydrogels led to a slight increase in the thickness of the 3D hydrogel construct and supported the formation of a multi-layered EC network compared to control constructs. Our findings suggest that agarose/collagen-based composite hydrogels are promising candidates for tissue engineering of vascularized constructs as cell viability is maintained and the formation of a stable and multi-layered EC network is supported. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Hakaria simonyi Steindachner 1899
Creators: name: Razzetti, Edoardo
name: Sindaco, Roberto
name: Grieco, Cristina
name: Pella, Francesca
name: Ziliani, Ugo
name: Pupin, Fabio
name: Riservato, Elisa
name: Pellitteri-Rosa, Daniele
name: Butikofer, Luca
name: Suleiman, Ahmed Saeed
name: Al-Aseily, Badar Awadh
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Squamata
Scincidae
Hakaria
Hakaria simonyi

description: Hakaria simonyi (Steindachner, 1899)
 Sepsina (Hakaria) Simonyi Steindachner, 1899: 161 —Locus typicus: “Hakari auf Sokotra ”. Parachalcides socotranus Boulenger, 1899: 6.
 Parachalcides socotranus.— Boulenger, 1903: 86, Pl. 11.1. Parachalcides sokotranus [sic].— Steindachner, 1903: 13. Scelotes simonyi.— Barbour & Loveridge, 1928: 64.
 Hakaria simonyi.— Loveridge, 1935: 188.
 Paracalcides [sic] socotranus.—Rösler, 1998: 35.
 Parachalcides socotranus.— Wranik, 1998b: 150.
 Hakaria simonyi.— Schätti & Desvoignes, 1999: 120. Parachalcides socotranus.— Joger, 2000: 343.
 Hakaria simonyi.— Rösler & Wranik, 2004: 523.
This skink was previously known for the central area of Socotra and the Noged, where the species was described. We recorded it also in the western part of the island in a large sinkhole crater in the limestone plateau (inland of Neet) and in the palm grove near Qeysoh (SW of Qalansiyah).
 Habitat. Observed mainly in areas with some vegetation cover (bushes, grass, trees) and sparse stones; we collected it from 10 m of altitude in the palm grove close to the beach in Bidholeh, Central Noged (not far from the type locality, Haqari village) up to 1463 m in the Skand area.
 Original data. Fig. 24. Go'o area, Wadi Di-Fa'rhoh, Wadi Di Asrhon, Firmihin, Dheroh, Diksam plateau, SW Diksam, Central Noged, Plateau W of Qabhete, Qeysoh, Skand, Adho Di Meleh, Hadiboh plain.
 Bibliographic data. Boulenger (1903), Steindachner (1903), Wranik (1998b), Schätti & Desvoignes (1999), Rösler & Wranik (2004).
 General distribution. Endemic to Socotra Island.
 Remarks. Boulenger (1899) described this specie as Parachalcides socotranus, but his paper was preceded by just a few days by Steindachner’s 1899 publication, who named the same species Sepsina (Hakaria) simonyi. Loveridge (1935) proved that the paper by Boulenger had been published on the 18th May 1899 while the one by Steindachner between the 5th and 15th of May 1899.
In addition to the type-specimens listed by Schätti & Desvoignes (1999: 121), four syntypes from Sokotra are listed in the catalogue of the Turin’s Museum (Elter, 1982); at least two specimens from Hakari (MZUT R2834) are still present (R. Sindaco obs.).
description: Published as part of Razzetti, Edoardo, Sindaco, Roberto, Grieco, Cristina, Pella, Francesca, Ziliani, Ugo, Pupin, Fabio, Riservato, Elisa, Pellitteri-Rosa, Daniele, Butikofer, Luca, Suleiman, Ahmed Saeed & Al-Aseily, Badar Awadh, 2011, Annotated checklist and distribution of the Socotran Archipelago Herpetofauna (Reptilia), pp. 1-44 in Zootaxa 2826 on pages 14-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277271
Integrated computational product and production engineering for multi-material lightweight structures
Creators: name: Hürkamp, André
name: Dér, Antal
name: Gellrich, Sebastian
name: Ossowski, Tim
name: Lorenz, Ralf
name: Behrens, Bernd-Arno
name: Herrmann, Christoph
name: Dröder, Klaus
name: Thiede, Sebastian
Publisher: name: London : Springer
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: machine learning
subject: multi-material lightweight structures
subject: multi-scale simulation
subject: product development
subject: production engineering
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::670 | Industrielle und handwerkliche Fertigung

description: Within product development processes, computational models are used with increasing frequency. However, the use of those methods is often restricted to the area of focus, where product design, manufacturing process, and process chain simulations are regarded independently. In the use case of multi-material lightweight structures, the desired products have to meet several requirements regarding structural performance, weight, costs, and environment. Hence, manufacturing-related effects on the product as well as on costs and environment have to be considered in very early phases of the product development process in order to provide a computational concept that supports concurrent engineering. In this contribution, we present an integrated computational concept that includes product engineering and production engineering. In a multi-scale framework, it combines detailed finite element analyses of products and their related production process with process chain and factory simulations. Including surrogate models based on machine learning, a fast evaluation of production impacts and requirements can be realized. The proposed integrated computational product and production engineering concept is demonstrated in a use case study on the manufacturing of a multi-material structure. Within this study, a sheet metal forming process in combination with an injection molding process of short fiber reinforced plastics is investigated. Different sets of process parameters are evaluated virtually in terms of resulting structural properties, cycle times, and environmental impacts. © 2020, The Author(s).
Gender norms and modern contraceptive use in urban Nigeria: a multilevel longitudinal study
Creators: name: Curtis, Sian L
name: Speizer, Ilene S
name: Halpern, Carolyn T
name: Domino, Marisa E
name: Okigbo, Chinelo C
name: Fotso, Jean C
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2018

description: Abstract
                Background
                Evidence suggests that gender equality positively influences family planning. However, the evidence from urban Africa is sparse. This study aimed to examine the association between changes in gender norms and modern contraceptive use over time among women in urban Nigeria.
                Methods
                Data were collected in 2010/2011 from 16,118 women aged 15–49 living in six cities in Nigeria (Abuja, Benin, Ibadan, Ilorin, Kaduna, and Zaria) and again in 2014 from 10,672 of the same women (34% attrition rate). The analytical sample included 9933 women living in 480 neighborhoods. A four-category outcome variable measured their change in modern contraceptive use within the study period. The exposure variables measured the changes in the level of gender-equitable attitudes towards: a) wife beating; b) household decision-making; c) couples’ family planning decisions; and d) family planning self-efficacy. Multilevel multinomial logistic regression models estimated the associations between the exposure variables at the individual and neighborhood levels and modern contraceptive use controlling for the women’s age, education, marital status, religion, parity, household wealth, and city of residence.
                Results
                The proportion of women who reported current use of modern contraceptive methods increased from 21 to 32% during the four-year study period. At both surveys, 58% of the women did not report using modern contraceptives while 11% reported using modern contraceptives; 21% did not use in 2010/2011 but started using by 2014 while 10% used in 2010/2011 but discontinued use by 2014. A positive change in the gender-equitable attitudes towards household decision-making, couples’ family planning decisions, and family planning self-efficacy at the individual and neighborhood levels were associated with increased relative probability of modern contraceptive use (adoption and continued use) and decreased relative probability of modern contraceptive discontinuation by 2014. No such associations were found between the individual and neighborhood attitudes towards wife beating and modern contraceptive use. Accounting for the individual and neighborhood gender-equitable attitudes and controlling for the women’s demographic characteristics accounted for 55–61% of the variation between neighborhoods in the change in modern contraceptive use during the study period.
                Conclusion
                Interventions that promote gender equality have the potential to increase modern contraceptive use in Nigerian cities.
Grain growth beyond the Mullins model, capturing the complex physics behind universal grain size distributions
Creators: name: Backofen, Rainer
name: Barmak, Katayun
name: Elder, Ken
name: Voigt, Axel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Grain growth experiments on thin metallic films have shown the geometric and topological characteristics of the grain structure to be universal and independent of many experimental conditions. The universal size distribution, however, is found to differ both qualitatively and quantitatively from the standard Mullins curvature driven model of grain growth; with the experiments exhibiting an excess of small grains (termed an "ear") and an excess of very large grains (termed a "tail") compared with the model. While a plethora of extensions of the Mullins model have been proposed to explain these characteristics, none have been successful. In this work, large scale simulations of a model that resolves the atomic scale on diffusive time scales, the phase field crystal model, is used to examine the complex phenomena of grain growth. The results are in remarkable agreement with the experimental results, recovering the characteristic "ear" and "tail" features of the experimental grain size distribution. The simulations also indicate that while the geometric and topological characteristics are universal, the dynamic growth exponent is not.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Rotor Bearing System Analysis Using the Transfer Matrix Method with Thickness Assumption of Disk and Bearing
Creators: name: Ghasemalizadeh, Omid
name: Mirzaee, Mohammad Reza
name: Sadeghi, Hossein
name: Ahmadian, Mohammad Taghi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the methods to find the natural frequencies of rotating systems is the application of the transfer matrix method. In this method the rotor is modeled as several elements along the shaft which have their own mass and moment of inertia. Using these elements, the entire continuous system is discretized and the corresponding differential equation can be stated in matrix form. The bearings at the end of the shaft are modeled as equivalent spring and dampers which are applied as boundary conditions to the discretized system. In this paper the dynamics of a rotor-bearing system is analyzed, considering the gyroscopic effect. The thickness of the disk and bearings is also taken into account. Continuous model is used for shaft. Results Show that, the stiffness of the shaft and the natural frequencies of the system increase, while the amplitude of vibration decreases as a consequence of increasing the thickness of the bearing.
New temporal concepts of acculturation in immigrant youth
Creators: name: Titzmann, Peter F.
name: Lee, Richard M.
Publisher: name: Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: acculturation
subject: acculturation timing
subject: acculturative change
subject: immigrant youth
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::100 | Philosophie::150 | Psychologie

description: Acculturation unfolds over time, but research on acculturation often does not account for developmental processes. Recent studies introduced several novel temporal concepts of acculturation processes to understand more fully how immigrant youth adapt to new cultural contexts. In this review, we describe these new temporal concepts of acculturation: Acculturative timing refers to youth's age at time of migration (chronological timing), the actual start of acculturative changes (which may occur before or after physical migration, also called transition timing), and the deviation in acculturative change from peers and relevant others from the same cohort and context (relative timing). Acculturation tempo is the duration of acculturation processes from start to a defined end. Acculturation pace is the speed at which acculturation occurs. Acculturation synchrony describes whether adaptation unfolds at the same or different times across different spheres of life. We also present empirical evidence for the predictive utility of the new temporal concepts and provide methodological guidelines on how to measure and assess these concepts. © 2022 The Authors. Child Development Perspectives published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society for Research in Child Development.
Canonical Wnt signaling is antagonized by noncanonical Wnt5a in hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Creators: name: Ozturk, Mehmet
name: Tasdemir, Nilgun
name: Celik, Emine
name: Akcali, Kamil
name: Yilmaz, Mustafa
name: Benhaj, Khemais
name: Ozturk, Nuri
name: Toylu, Asli
name: Senturk, Serif
name: Yuzugullu, Haluk
name: Erdal, Esra
name: Atabey, Nese
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2009

description: Abstract: Background: β-catenin mutations that constitutively activate the canonical Wnt signaling have been observed in a subset of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). These mutations are associated with chromosomal stability, low histological grade, low tumor invasion and better patient survival. We hypothesized that canonical Wnt signaling is selectively activated in well-differentiated, but repressed in poorly differentiated HCCs. To this aim, we characterized differentiation status of HCC cell lines and compared their expression status of Wnt pathway genes, and explored their activity of canonical Wnt signaling. Results: We classified human HCC cell lines into "well-differentiated" and "poorly differentiated" subtypes, based on the expression of hepatocyte lineage, epithelial and mesenchymal markers. Poorly differentiated cell lines lost epithelial and hepatocyte lineage markers, and overexpressed mesenchymal markers. Also, they were highly motile and invasive. We compared the expression of 45 Wnt pathway genes between two subtypes. TCF1 and TCF4 factors, and LRP5 and LRP6 co-receptors were ubiquitously expressed. Likewise, six Frizzled receptors, and canonical Wnt3 ligand were expressed in both subtypes. In contrast, canonical ligand Wnt8b and noncanonical ligands Wnt4, Wnt5a, Wnt5b and Wnt7b were expressed selectively in well- and poorly differentiated cell lines, respectively. Canonical Wnt signaling activity, as tested by a TCF reporter assay was detected in 80% of well-differentiated, contrary to 14% of poorly differentiated cell lines. TCF activity generated by ectopic mutant β-catenin was weak in poorly differentiated SNU449 cell line, suggesting a repressive mechanism. We tested Wnt5a as a candidate antagonist. It strongly inhibited canonical Wnt signaling that is activated by mutant β-catenin in HCC cell lines. Conclusion: Differential expression of Wnt ligands in HCC cells is associated with selective activation of canonical Wnt signaling in well-differentiated, and its repression in poorly differentiated cell lines. One potential mechanism of repression involved Wnt5a, acting as an antagonist of canonical Wnt signaling. Our observations support the hypothesis that Wnt pathway is selectively activated or repressed depending on differentiation status of HCC cells. We propose that canonical and noncanonical Wnt pathways have complementary roles in HCC, where the canonical signaling contributes to tumor initiation, and noncanonical signaling to tumor progression.
Amylose / Amylopectin: Bioplastics Based on Starch as Alternative to Materials Coming From Non Renewable Sources
Creators: name: Lara, Maria J.
name: Gomez, Silvio C.
name: Combariza, Aldo F.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The advantage of petroleum-derived materials is their polymorphism, which is based on the existence of an endless number of available monomeric units, which in turn explains their diverse properties and applications. In addition, in most cases, they have a high molecular weight, low reactive capacity and extreme durability. These characteristics, which make them highly versatile and useful, make them in turn the world's contamination problem par excellence. Therefore, the search for alternatives to the use of materials from non-renewable resources is essential. In our work we propose the study at the atomistic/molecular level of starch-based biopolymers, mainly constituted by two polymers: amylose and amylopectin. The aim is to analyze the structure/properties relationship under varying physical conditions. For this purpose, we will use the Molecular Dynamics technique starting from molecular units of amylose and amylopectin. The simulation cells model a complex system, with chains of n-monomers interacting intra- and intermolecularly, with interaction parameters reflecting attraction and repulsion energies, which give rise to macroscopic manifestations such as mechanical, optical and barrier properties. Our work is developed using computational tools, which utilize highly efficient computational resources.
Baikalodrilus trituberculum Martin & Sonet & Smitz & Backeljau 2019
Creators: name: Martin, Patrick
name: Sonet, Gontran
name: Smitz, Nathalie
name: Backeljau, Thierry
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Clitellata
Tubificida
Naididae
Baikalodrilus
Baikalodrilus trituberculum

description: Baikalodrilus trituberculum Martin (present study).
Baikalodrilus undatus Snimschikova, 1989b: 25–26; fig. 2.
Baikalodrilus vicinus Semernoy, 2004: 315–318; fig. 174.
Baikalodrilus werestschagini (Michaelsen, 1933). Protonym: Peloscolex werestschagini Michaelsen, 1933: 327–333; figs 1–3.
description: Published as part of Martin, Patrick, Sonet, Gontran, Smitz, Nathalie & Backeljau, Thierry, 2019, Phylogenetic analysis of the Baikalodrilus species flock (Annelida: Clitellata: Naididae), an endemic genus to Lake Baikal (Russia), pp. 987-1015 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 187 on page 1010
title: Frank Kolb, Herrscherideologie in der Spätantike
Creators: name: Kuhoff, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: University Library Heidelberg
Year: 2016

description: Rezension zu: Frank Kolb, Herrscherideologie in der Spätantike. Studienbücher Geschichte und Kultur der Alten Welt. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 2001. 274 Seiten.
Effects of unilateral dynamic handgrip on reaction time and error rate
Creators: name: Mirifar, Arash
name: Luan, Mengkai
name: Ehrlenspiel, Felix
Publisher: name: Heidelberg ; Berlin : Springer
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Dynamic handgrip
subject: Muscle contractions
subject: Perceptual-motor ability
subject: Reaction time
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::100 | Philosophie::150 | Psychologie

description: Quick and accurate reactions to environmental stimuli are often required. Researchers have investigated ways to improve these reactions, which are critical components of perceptual-motor abilities. To optimize individual performance, different techniques, such as embodied interventions and brain stimulation, have been examined. The evidence from EEG studies shows that upper limb muscle contractions lead to changes in brain oscillations associated with changes in mental states and behavioral outcomes. Much research has been conducted on whether muscle contractions of a particular hand have a greater effect on a perceptual-motor ability, as a trigger to facilitate cortical processes (a mediator) for skilled motor performance. While previous studies have shown that left- (vs. right-) hand contractions can lead to greater alpha activation, we hypothesized that left dynamic handgrips have different impacts on motor performance, reflected by simple RT (SRT) and choice RT (CRT). We recruited 64 right-handers, for a within/between-subjects experiment consisting of performance measurements in SRT and CRT tasks after the intervention (either right or left dynamic handgrip approximately twice a second for 30 s for each hand) or assignment to paired passive control groups. We did not find left-hand contractions improve response accuracy in neither SRT nor CRT tasks. Further, left-hand contractions did not affect RTs. The findings indicate that the effects of dynamic handgrips are smaller on behavioral outcomes such as RTs than what can be inferred from published studies. More research is needed to establish the effect of dynamic handgrips on optimizing performance. © 2022, The Author(s).
On existence of PI-exponent of algebras with involution
Creators: name: Repovš, Dušan D.
name: Zaicev, Mikhail V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 16R10, Secondary 16P90

description: We study polynomial identities of algebras with involution of nonassociative algebras over a field of characteristic zero. We prove that the growth of the sequence of $*$-codimensions of a finite-dimensional algebra is exponentially bounded. We construct a series of finite-dimensional algebras with fractional $*$-PI-exponent. We also construct a family of infinite-dimensional algebras $C_α$ such that ${\rm exp}^*(C_α)$ does not exist.
Biophysics of filament length regulation by molecular motors
Creators: name: Kuan, Hui-Shun
name: Betterton, M. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Regulating physical size is an essential problem that biological organisms must solve from the subcellular to the organismal scales, but it is not well understood what physical principles and mechanisms organisms use to sense and regulate their size. Any biophysical size-regulation scheme operates in a noisy environment and must be robust to other cellular dynamics and fluctuations. This work develops theory of filament length regulation inspired by recent experiments on kinesin-8 motor proteins, which move with directional bias on microtubule filaments and alter microtubule dynamics. Purified kinesin-8 motors can depolymerize chemically-stabilized microtubules. In the length-dependent depolymerization model, the rate of depolymerization tends to increase with filament length, because long filaments accumulate more motors at their tips and therefore shorten more quickly. When balanced with a constant filament growth rate, this mechanism can lead to a fixed polymer length. However, the mechanism by which kinesin-8 motors affect the length of dynamic microtubules in cells is less clear. We study the more biologically realistic problem of microtubule dynamic instability modulated by a motor-dependent increase in the filament catastrophe frequency. This leads to a significant decrease in the mean filament length and a narrowing of the filament length distribution. The results improve our understanding of the biophysics of length regulation in cells.
description: Accepted for publication in Physical Biology
P04-45. Characterization of the plasma cell repertoire in acute HIV-1 infection (AHI)
Creators: name: Margolis, David
name: Liao, L
name: Mcparland, M
name: Yang, Y
name: Denny, T
name: Moody, M
name: Dixon, A
name: Whitesides, J
name: Chen, X
name: Kepler, T
name: Shaw, G
name: Amos, J
name: Shea, T
name: Kelsoe, G
name: Nagel, A
name: Derosa, K
name: Gao, F
name: Zhang, R
name: Munshaw, S
name: Marshall, D
name: Markowitz, M
name: Parks, R
name: Foulger, A
name: Haynes, B
name: Tomaras, G
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2009

description: Analysis of immunoglobulin (Ig) VH and VL genes
derived from sorted single B cells is a powerful technology
for definition of Ig repertoires to viral infections. The purpose
of this study was to characterize the Ig repertoire of
plasma cells/plasmablasts (PCs) in subjects early on after
HIV transmission.
Shared functions of plant and mammalian StAR-related lipid transfer (START) domains in modulating transcription factor activity
Creators: name: Nguyen, Henry C
name: Singh, Daljit
name: Yadav, Gitanjali
name: Marlatt, Sara A
name: Cox, Paige N
name: Bruno, Michael
name: Snyder, Michael P
name: Schrick, Kathrin
name: Roque, Remigio A
name: Khosla, Aashima
name: He, Cuiwen
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2014

description: Abstract Background Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR)-related lipid transfer (START) domains were first identified from mammalian proteins that bind lipid/sterol ligands via a hydrophobic pocket. In plants, predicted START domains are predominantly found in homeodomain leucine zipper (HD-Zip) transcription factors that are master regulators of cell-type differentiation in development. Here we utilized studies of Arabidopsis in parallel with heterologous expression of START domains in yeast to investigate the hypothesis that START domains are versatile ligand-binding motifs that can modulate transcription factor activity. Results Our results show that deletion of the START domain from Arabidopsis Glabra2 (GL2), a representative HD-Zip transcription factor involved in differentiation of the epidermis, results in a complete loss-of-function phenotype, although the protein is correctly localized to the nucleus. Despite low sequence similarly, the mammalian START domain from StAR can functionally replace the HD-Zip-derived START domain. Embedding the START domain within a synthetic transcription factor in yeast, we found that several mammalian START domains from StAR, MLN64 and PCTP stimulated transcription factor activity, as did START domains from two Arabidopsis HD-Zip transcription factors. Mutation of ligand-binding residues within StAR START reduced this activity, consistent with the yeast assay monitoring ligand-binding. The D182L missense mutation in StAR START was shown to affect GL2 transcription factor activity in maintenance of the leaf trichome cell fate. Analysis of in vivo protein–metabolite interactions by mass spectrometry provided direct evidence for analogous lipid-binding activity in mammalian and plant START domains in the yeast system. Structural modeling predicted similar sized ligand-binding cavities of a subset of plant START domains in comparison to mammalian counterparts. Conclusions The START domain is required for transcription factor activity in HD-Zip proteins from plants, although it is not strictly necessary for the protein’s nuclear localization. START domains from both mammals and plants are modular in that they can bind lipid ligands to regulate transcription factor function in a yeast system. The data provide evidence for an evolutionarily conserved mechanism by which lipid metabolites can orchestrate transcription. We propose a model in which the START domain is used by both plants and mammals to regulate transcription factor activity.
Die Bedeutung von Glucokinase und GLUT2-Glucosetransporter in insulinproduzierenden Zellen für die Regulation der glucoseinduzierten Insulinsekretion und die Toxizität gegenüber diabetogenen Substanzen
Creators: name: Elsner, Matthias
Publisher: name: Hannover : Universität Hannover
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Diabetes mellitus
subject: gene therapy
subject: insulin secretion
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::610 | Medizin, Gesundheit
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::540 | Chemie

description: [no abstract]
On a classification theorem for self-shrinkers
Creators: name: Rimoldi, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We generalize a classification result for self-shrinkers of the mean curvature flow with nonnegative mean curvature, which was obtained by T. Colding and W. Minicozzi, replacing the assumption on polynomial volume growth with a weighted $L^2$ condition on the norm of the second fundamental form. Our approach adopt the viewpoint of weighted manifolds and permits also to recover and to extend some others recent classification and gap results for self-shrinkers.
description: 9 pages. To appear on Proc. Amer. Math. Soc
HIV self-testing: South African young adults’ recommendations for ease of use, test kit contents, accessibility, and supportive resources
Creators: name: Ritchwood, Tiarney D
name: Pettifor, Audrey
name: Wagner, Ryan
name: Kahn, Kathleen
name: Twine, Rhian
name: Selin, Amanda
name: Gilmore, Hailey
name: Lippman, Sheri A
name: Hove, Jennifer
name: Kimaru, Linda
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2019

description: Abstract
                Background
                The uptake of HIV self-testing (HIVST) could address socio-structural barriers that prevent South African youth from utilizing the testing resources available in their communities. However, to facilitate this, we must tailor components of the HIVST kit and process to ensure that we reach and encourage youth to test. The purpose of this study to elucidate concerns and issues regarding HIVST rollout among South African youth.
                Methods
                This study was conducted in two phases: 1) focus group discussions with rural, South African youth aged 18–24 and 2) direct observations of participants completing with an oral HIVST kit and/or a blood based HIVST kit. In phase 2a participants were invited to try both an oral and blood-based HIVST kit. In phase 2b, participants selected the HIVST kit of their choice.
                Results
                We enrolled 35 unique participants in phase 1, 20 participants in phase 2a, and 40 participants in phase 2b. While the focus group discussions highlighted hypothetical HIVST use only, participants appreciated the privacy that the HIVST could afford them. However, they expressed concerns about whether HIVST could be trusted due to false positives and negatives, as well as whether a person would be able to emotionally handle the results if they tested alone. They suggested that the kits be used alongside someone who could provide support. In phases 2a and 2b, participants were overwhelmingly positive about both kits regarding ease of use and whether their results could be trusted. The participants, however, experienced more challenges with the blood-based versus oral test. When given the choice in phase 2b, most participants (80%) chose the oral HIVST over the blood-based HIVST.
                Conclusions
                During the focus group discussions, participants raised concerns about the validity of HIVST, lack of emotional support when testing alone, and the cost of HIVST kits, all of which could be addressed through current testing campaigns. Most of those who actually tested had positive experiences with HIVST and would recommend it to their friends. When offered a choice, most preferred the oral test.
                Trial registration
                    NCT03162965
                  , registered 19th May 2017.
NGEP: A Graph-based Event Planning Framework for Story Generation
Creators: name: Tang, Chen
name: Zhang, Zhihao
name: Loakman, Tyler
name: Lin, Chenghua
name: Guerin, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: To improve the performance of long text generation, recent studies have leveraged automatically planned event structures (i.e. storylines) to guide story generation. Such prior works mostly employ end-to-end neural generation models to predict event sequences for a story. However, such generation models struggle to guarantee the narrative coherence of separate events due to the hallucination problem, and additionally the generated event sequences are often hard to control due to the end-to-end nature of the models. To address these challenges, we propose NGEP, an novel event planning framework which generates an event sequence by performing inference on an automatically constructed event graph and enhances generalisation ability through a neural event advisor. We conduct a range of experiments on multiple criteria, and the results demonstrate that our graph-based neural framework outperforms the state-of-the-art (SOTA) event planning approaches, considering both the performance of event sequence generation and the effectiveness on the downstream task of story generation.
Coordinating metaheuristic agents with swarm intelligence
Creators: name: Aydin, Mehmet Emin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Coordination of multi agent systems remains as a problem since there is no prominent method to completely solve this problem. Metaheuristic agents are specific implementations of multi-agent systems, which imposes working together to solve optimisation problems with metaheuristic algorithms. The idea borrowed from swarm intelligence seems working much better than those implementations suggested before. This paper reports the performance of swarms of simulated annealing agents collaborating with particle swarm optimization algorithm. The proposed approach is implemented for multidimensional knapsack problem and has resulted much better than some other works published before.
Using quantum optical sensors for determining the Earth’s gravity field from space
Creators: name: Müller, Jürgen
name: Wu, Hu
Publisher: name: Berlin [u.a.] : Springer
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: atomic gradiometry
subject: gravity field
subject: optical clocks
subject: quantum optical sensors
subject: relativistic geodesy
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::550 | Geowissenschaften

description: Quantum optical technology provides an opportunity to develop new kinds of gravity sensors and to enable novel measurement concepts for gravimetry. Two candidates are considered in this study: the cold atom interferometry (CAI) gradiometer and optical clocks. Both sensors show a high sensitivity and long-term stability. They are assumed on board of a low-orbit satellite like gravity field and steady-state ocean circulation explorer (GOCE) and gravity recovery and climate experiment (GRACE) to determine the Earth’s gravity field. Their individual contributions were assessed through closed-loop simulations which rigorously mapped the sensors’ sensitivities to the gravity field coefficients. Clocks, which can directly obtain the gravity potential (differences) through frequency comparison, show a high sensitivity to the very long-wavelength gravity field. In the GRACE orbit, clocks with an uncertainty level of 1.0 × 10 - 18 are capable to retrieve temporal gravity signals below degree 12, while 1.0 × 10 - 17 clocks are useful for detecting the signals of degree 2 only. However, it poses challenges for clocks to achieve such uncertainties in a short time. In space, the CAI gradiometer is expected to have its ultimate sensitivity and a remarkable stability over a long time (measurements are precise down to very low frequencies). The three diagonal gravity gradients can properly be measured by CAI gradiometry with a same noise level of 5.0 mE/Hz. They can potentially lead to a 2–5 times better solution of the static gravity field than that of GOCE above degree and order 50, where the GOCE solution is mainly dominated by the gradient measurements. In the lower degree part, benefits from CAI gradiometry are still visible, but there, solutions from GRACE-like missions are superior. © 2020, The Author(s).
State-of-the-Art and Comparative Review of Adaptive Sampling Methods for Kriging
Creators: name: Fuhg, Jan N.
name: Fau, Amélie
name: Nackenhorst, Udo
Publisher: name: Berlin [u.a.] : Springer
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: kriging
subject: metamodeling technique
subject: Gaussian process
subject: computational method
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::690 | Hausbau, Bauhandwerk
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::000 | Allgemeines, Wissenschaft::000 | Informatik, Wissen, Systeme::004 | Informatik
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::510 | Mathematik

description: Metamodels aim to approximate characteristics of functions or systems from the knowledge extracted on only a finite number of samples. In recent years kriging has emerged as a widely applied metamodeling technique for resource-intensive computational experiments. However its prediction quality is highly dependent on the size and distribution of the given training points. Hence, in order to build proficient kriging models with as few samples as possible adaptive sampling strategies have gained considerable attention. These techniques aim to find pertinent points in an iterative manner based on information extracted from the current metamodel. A review of adaptive schemes for kriging proposed in the literature is presented in this article. The objective is to provide the reader with an overview of the main principles of adaptive techniques, and insightful details to pertinently employ available tools depending on the application at hand. In this context commonly applied strategies are compared with regards to their characteristics and approximation capabilities. In light of these experiments, it is found that the success of a scheme depends on the features of a specific problem and the goal of the analysis. In order to facilitate the entry into adaptive sampling a guide is provided. All experiments described herein are replicable using a provided open source toolbox. © 2020, The Author(s).