cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Effective capillary interaction of spherical particles at fluid interfaces
Creators: name: Oettel, M.
name: Dominguez, A.
name: Dietrich, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed analysis of the effective force between two smooth spherical colloids floating at a fluid interface due to deformations of the interface. The results hold in general and are applicable independently of the source of the deformation provided the capillary deformations are small so that a superposition approximation for the deformations is valid. We conclude that an effective long--ranged attraction is possible if the net force on the system does not vanish. Otherwise, the interaction is short--ranged and cannot be computed reliably based on the superposition approximation. As an application, we consider the case of like--charged, smooth nanoparticles and electrostatically induced capillary deformation. The resulting long--ranged capillary attraction can be easily tuned by a relatively small external electrostatic field, but it cannot explain recent experimental observations of attraction if these experimental systems were indeed isolated.
description: 23 pages
Growth of Sobolev norms for coupled Lowest Landau Level equations
Creators: name: Schwinte, Valentin
name: Thomann, Laurent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study coupled systems of nonlinear lowest Landau level equations, for which we prove global existence results with polynomial bounds on the possible growth of Sobolev norms of the solutions. We also exhibit explicit unbounded trajectories which show that these bounds are optimal.
Additional file 1 of Effects of high fat diet-induced obesity on vitamin D metabolism and tissue distribution in vitamin D deficient or supplemented mice
Creators: name: Park, Chan Yoon
name: Yongho Shin
name: Jeong-Han Kim
name: Zhu, Shuang
name: Jung, Young Sun
name: Han, Sung Nim
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1.
COVID-19 SignSym: a fast adaptation of a general clinical NLP tool to identify and normalize COVID-19 signs and symptoms to OMOP common data model
Creators: name: Wang, Jingqi
name: Abu-el-rub, Noor
name: Gray, Josh
name: Pham, Huy Anh
name: Zhou, Yujia
name: Manion, Frank
name: Liu, Mei
name: Song, Xing
name: Xu, Hua
name: Rouhizadeh, Masoud
name: Zhang, Yaoyun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The COVID-19 pandemic swept across the world rapidly, infecting millions of people. An efficient tool that can accurately recognize important clinical concepts of COVID-19 from free text in electronic health records (EHRs) will be valuable to accelerate COVID-19 clinical research. To this end, this study aims at adapting the existing CLAMP natural language processing tool to quickly build COVID-19 SignSym, which can extract COVID-19 signs/symptoms and their 8 attributes (body location, severity, temporal expression, subject, condition, uncertainty, negation, and course) from clinical text. The extracted information is also mapped to standard concepts in the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership common data model. A hybrid approach of combining deep learning-based models, curated lexicons, and pattern-based rules was applied to quickly build the COVID-19 SignSym from CLAMP, with optimized performance. Our extensive evaluation using 3 external sites with clinical notes of COVID-19 patients, as well as the online medical dialogues of COVID-19, shows COVID-19 Sign-Sym can achieve high performance across data sources. The workflow used for this study can be generalized to other use cases, where existing clinical natural language processing tools need to be customized for specific information needs within a short time. COVID-19 SignSym is freely accessible to the research community as a downloadable package (https://clamp.uth.edu/covid/nlp.php) and has been used by 16 healthcare organizations to support clinical research of COVID-19.
description: Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 2021
Cow-Calf Producer Interest in Retained Ownership
Creators: name: Franken, Jason R.V.
name: Parcell, Joseph L.
name: Patterson, David J.
name: Smith, Michael F.
name: Poock, Scott
name: Franken, Jason R.V.
name: Parcell, Joseph L.
name: Patterson, David J.
name: Smith, Michael F.
name: Poock, Scott
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: beef cattle
subject: property rights theory
subject: retained ownership

description: The beef industry’s share of domestic meat demand continues to decline, as increasing vertical coordination in pork and poultry contribute to these industries’ ability to offer convenient, consistent, and less expensive products. For such vertical coordination to be effective, incentives must be properly aligned so that those responsible for making the most important investments for system profitability are appropriately compensated. This study demonstrates that cow-calf producers who invest in quality registered cattle and those who are interested in incorporating feedlot and carcass data into herd management decisions are also more interested in retained ownership.
Quantifying the Structure of Food Demand in China Using a Generalized Quadratic AIDS Specification
Creators: name: Hovhannisyan, Vardges
name: Gould, Brian W.
name: Hovhannisyan, Vardges
name: Gould, Brian W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Generalized Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System
subject: pre-committed demand
subject: expenditure endogeneity
subject: food preferences.

description: This manuscript is used to examine food demand structure and its dynamics for 11 commodities in urban China. The analysis is based on household-level expenditure survey data for two cross-sectional surveys of Chinese households pertaining to food expenditure patterns during 1995 and 2003. A major focus of this presentation is on the pre-committed component of demand that is not accounted for by economic and demographic characteristics. We use the generalized quadratic almost ideal demand system (GQAIDS) for its empirical superiority to the GAIDS, and estimate the associated parameters via a full information maximum likelihood procedure (FIML) procedure, where we test for whether total food expenditure for home consumption (FAH) is endogenous. We also use quality adjusted commodity unit values to account for quality differences resulting from commodity aggregation and food choice. We find that the demand for FAH by surveyed households has changed for a majority of the 11 commodities included in the analysis. We find that more than a third of vegetables consumed in 1995 were due to pre-committed demand, while no traditional Chinese food staple had positive significant pre-committed demand in 2003. With the changing food structure this may be indicative of an increased desire for flexibility in the Chinese diet.
Impact of the EU Biofuels Directive on the EU food supply chain
Creators: name: Tabeau, Andrzej A.
name: Banse, Martin
name: Woltjer, Geert B.
name: Van Meijl, Hans
name: Tabeau, Andrzej A.
name: Banse, Martin
name: Woltjer, Geert B.
name: Van Meijl, Hans
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: EU Biofuels Directive
subject: food supply chain
subject: indirect land use changes
subject: computable general equilibrium model.

description: The paper investigates the impact of the EU Biofuels Directive (BFD) on the EU agri-food supply chain using the computable general equilibrium model of the world economy named LEITAP. LEITAP is an extended version of the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) model including an improved land market modeling, substitution possibilities between capital and energy as well as between different energy sources including biofuels, feed byproducts of the biofuel production process and substitution between different feed components and feed byproducts. The simulation results shows that the implementation of the EU BFD has a pronounced impact on the markets of cereals, oilseeds and sugar and shows only a limited impact on production and consumption of other agrifood commodities which are not directly affected by biofuel production. The harvested area and production of biofuel crops (grains, oilseeds) is expected to increase by 17% and 25% respectively and sugar production by 12% as a direct result the BFD. The EU-imports of these commodities are expected to rise more than twice. The increasing demand for biofuel crops and sugar will lift domestic prices of these commodities by 25% and 19% respectively but overall agri-food price inflation will be limited to 3% in the EU and to less than 1% at world market level.
Interferobot: aligning an optical interferometer by a reinforcement learning agent
Creators: name: Sorokin, Dmitry
name: Ulanov, Alexander
name: Sazhina, Ekaterina
name: Lvovsky, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Limitations in acquiring training data restrict potential applications of deep reinforcement learning (RL) methods to the training of real-world robots. Here we train an RL agent to align a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, which is an essential part of many optical experiments, based on images of interference fringes acquired by a monocular camera. The agent is trained in a simulated environment, without any hand-coded features or a priori information about the physics, and subsequently transferred to a physical interferometer. Thanks to a set of domain randomizations simulating uncertainties in physical measurements, the agent successfully aligns this interferometer without any fine tuning, achieving a performance level of a human expert.
description: Accepted at NeurIPS 2020 (spotlight presentation)
A Structural Equation Model of the Factors Influencing British Consumers’ Behaviour towards Animal Welfare
Creators: name: Toma, Luiza
name: McVittie, Alistair
name: Hubbard, Carmen
name: Stott, Alistair W.
name: Toma, Luiza
name: McVittie, Alistair
name: Hubbard, Carmen
name: Stott, Alistair W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: animal welfare
subject: consumers’ behaviour
subject: structural equation models.

description: Results of national and pan-European consumer surveys and the growth in the demand for so-called “animal friendly” food products suggest that consumers within the European Union show a high level of concern for the welfare of farm animals. This paper analyses the determinants of British consumers’ behaviour towards animal welfare using structural equation models (SEM) with observed and latent variables. SEM is a statistical technique for testing and estimating relationships amongst variables, using a combination of statistical data and qualitative causal assumptions. We used a data set collected in 2005 through face-to-face interviews of 654 consumers in England. We analysed the range of statements in existing literature on consumers’ behaviour towards animal welfare and then used SEM to test and estimate these a priori determinants of behaviour. The models include observed and latent variables representing behaviour (stated purchases of free-range and organic chicken meat) and its underlying determinants (attitudes towards animal welfare and socio-economic factors). The models have an adequate overall fit to the data. The significance tests for the structural equation model on free-range chicken meat purchasing behaviour show socioeconomic group, education, attitudes towards animal welfare, reasons for buying chicken meat, access to information on animal welfare issues, number of children and price as significant determinants. All of these (with the exception of reasons for buying chicken meat) were found significant also in the model on organic chicken meat purchasing behaviour.
Additional file 7 of Development of a consensus statement on the role of the family in the physical activity, sedentary, and sleep behaviours of children and youth
Creators: name: Rhodes, Ryan E.
name: Guerrero, Michelle D.
name: Vanderloo, Leigh M.
name: Kheana Barbeau
name: Birken, Catherine S.
name: Jean-Philippe Chaput
name: Faulkner, Guy
name: Janssen, Ian
name: Madigan, Sheri
name: Mâsse, Louise C.
name: Tara-Leigh McHugh
name: Perdew, Megan
name: Stone, Kelly
name: Shelley, Jacob
name: Spinks, Nora
name: Tamminen, Katherine A.
name: Tomasone, Jennifer R.
name: Ward, Helen
name: Welsh, Frank
name: Tremblay, Mark S.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 7. Review #4 (docx.). Search Process for the Family Systems in the Context of Child Health Behaviour Change and Family-Based Interventions Scoping Review (review #4). References extracted from the Family Systems in the Context of Child Health Behaviour Change Scoping Review (review #4).
Producers' and Consumers' Expectations towards Geographical Indications - Empirical Evidence for Hessian Apple Wine
Creators: name: Teuber, Ramona
name: Teuber, Ramona
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Geographical indications
subject: German case study
subject: cider
subject: online survey

description: The number of products bearing a Geographical Indication (GI) has increased steadily in recent years. The EU Commission considers GIs as a useful tool in fostering simultaneously the production of high-quality food products as well as rural development in less-favoured regions. However, GIs are by no means a self runner. In order to be successful consumers have to value GIs. So far empirical evidence with respect to consumers' knowledge, expectations and WTP towards GI products is rather mixed and mainly focused on Mediterranean countries. The present paper addresses both sides of the market, i.e. producers' motivations to establish a GI and consumers' expectations towards GI products by representing results from a German case study, i.e. Hessian apple wine. In November 2008, an online-survey with 741 Hessian consumers was carried out. In the same month, an in-depth interview with one of the leading producers of Hessian apple wine, who was directly involved in the PGI application process, was conducted. The results indicate that the most important motivation to apply for a PGI is to secure the established reputation against misuse by competing producers in order to ensure the quality level of Hessian apple wine. Hessian consumers' awareness and knowledge about GIs is very limited. Moreover, it is found that the quality-dimension is not as important as the local-economy support dimension and perceived authenticity of the product.
P-partitions and a multi-parameter Klyachko idempotent
Creators: name: McNamara, Peter
name: Reutenauer, Christophe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17B01 (Primary) 05E99, 05A30 (Secondary)

description: Because they play a role in our understanding of the symmetric group algebra, Lie idempotents have received considerable attention. The Klyachko idempotent has attracted interest from combinatorialists, partly because its definition involves the major index of permutations. For the symmetric group S_n, we look at the symmetric group algebra with coefficients from the field of rational functions in n variables q_1,..., q_n. In this setting, we can define an n-parameter generalization of the Klyachko idempotent, and we show it is a Lie idempotent in the appropriate sense. Somewhat surprisingly, our proof that it is a Lie element emerges from Stanley's theory of P-partitions.
description: 16 pages, 1 figure. Final version: incorporates suggestions of the referee, no changes to the results
Additional file 1 of A qualitative study to explore the role of pharmacists in healthy weight management in adults in Pakistan: current scenario and future perspectives
Creators: name: Atif, Muhammad
name: Hasan, Sanah
name: Irem Mushtaq
name: Sareema Javaid
name: Noureena Asghar
name: Scahill, Shane
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Interview protocol
Additional file 8 of Development of a consensus statement on the role of the family in the physical activity, sedentary, and sleep behaviours of children and youth
Creators: name: Rhodes, Ryan E.
name: Guerrero, Michelle D.
name: Vanderloo, Leigh M.
name: Kheana Barbeau
name: Birken, Catherine S.
name: Jean-Philippe Chaput
name: Faulkner, Guy
name: Janssen, Ian
name: Madigan, Sheri
name: Mâsse, Louise C.
name: Tara-Leigh McHugh
name: Perdew, Megan
name: Stone, Kelly
name: Shelley, Jacob
name: Spinks, Nora
name: Tamminen, Katherine A.
name: Tomasone, Jennifer R.
name: Ward, Helen
name: Welsh, Frank
name: Tremblay, Mark S.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 8. Review #5 (docx.). Search Process for the Correlates of Parental Support of Child and Youth Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, and Sleep Systematic Review (review #5). References Extracted from the Correlates of Parental Support of Child and Youth Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, and Sleep Systematic Review (review #5).
The “not-so-modern” consumer – considerations on food prices, food security, new technologies and market distortions
Creators: name: Tsioumanis, Asterios
name: Mattas, Konstadinos
name: Tsioumanis, Asterios
name: Mattas, Konstadinos
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: food insecurity
subject: biofuels
subject: food prices
subject: market distortion
subject: financial speculation

description: Although food quality and food safety issues seem to dominate discussion and research in Europe, price inflation and economic recession may pose questions over food abundance over the coming years. For the first time since the early seventies, market stability for a number of commodities is seriously questioned. The paper tackles the fluctuation of food prices in the last decade and the reasons behind recent record prices in a series of commodities, trying to investigate whether food shortages may create new problems, even for relatively economically stable nations. Lowering stock levels that induce price volatility, production shortfalls due to adverse conditions that are often correlated to climate change, oil prices, changing diet patterns in regions that have become more affluent in recent decades, trade policies that often contradict one another, financial speculation in food markets all play a distinct role forming today’s reality. The effect of rising food prices is crucially important, at the microeconomic level, for poorer households. The paper tries to investigate whether food security problems -in the sense that all people, at all times, have economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life- may become increasingly important in Europe in the future, as well as the necessary policies to protect those most vulnerable.
Pairwise mode-locking in dynamically-coupled parametric oscillators
Creators: name: Bello, Leon
name: Strinati, Marcello Calvanese
name: Ben-Ami, Shai
name: Pe'er, Avi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mode locking in lasers is a collective effect, where due to a weak coupling a large number of frequency modes lock their phases to oscillate in unison, forming an ultrashort pulse in time. We demonstrate an analogous collective effect in coupled parametric oscillators, which we term "pairwise mode-locking", where many pairs of modes with twin frequencies (symmetric around the center carrier) oscillate simultaneously with a locked phase-sum, while the phases of individual modes remain undefined. Thus, despite being broadband and multimode, the emission is not pulsed and lacks first-order coherence, while possessing a very high degree of second-order coherence. Our configuration is comprised of two coupled parametric oscillators within identical multimode cavities, where the coupling between the oscillators is modulated in time at the repetition rate of the cavity modes, with some analogy to active mode-locking in lasers. We demonstrate pairwise mode-locking in a radio-frequency (RF) experiment, covering over an octave of bandwidth with approximately 20 resonant mode-locked pairs, filling most of the available bandwidth between DC and the pump frequency. We accompany our experiment with an analytic model that accounts for the properties of the coupled parametric oscillators near threshold.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Additional file 1 of Prevention of severe infectious complications after colorectal surgery using oral non-absorbable antimicrobial prophylaxis: results of a multicenter randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial
Creators: name: Mulder, Tessa
name: Bergh, Marjolein Kluytmans-Van Den
name: Vlaminckx, Bart
name: Roos, Daphne
name: Smet, Anne Marie De
name: Cappel, Robert De Vos Tot Nederveen
name: Verheijen, Paul
name: Brandt, Alexandra
name: Smits, Anke
name: Vorm, Eric Van Der
name: Bathoorn, Erik
name: Etten, Boudewijn Van
name: Veenemans, Jacobien
name: Weersink, Annemarie
name: Vos, Margreet
name: Nils Van ’T Veer
name: Nikolakopoulos, Stavros
name: Bonten, Marc
name: Kluytmans, Jan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Participating hospitals. Table 2. Overview of study procedures and follow-up. Table 3. Overview of progress per study site. Table 4. Microorganisms cultured from three patients with SSI. Table 5. Comparison of characteristics with data from an observational cohort of elective colorectal surgery patients.
Corporate Social Responsibility in Agribusiness: Empirical Findings from Germany
Creators: name: Heyder, Matthias
name: Theuvsen, Ludwig
name: Heyder, Matthias
name: Theuvsen, Ludwig
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: corporate social responsibility
subject: CSR
subject: agribusiness
subject: survey
subject: sustainability
subject: food scandals

description: The social responsibility of businesses has developed into a highly debated issue in recent years. Especially in agribusiness, recent scandals as well as information asymmetries concerning food production have led to high external pressure on firms from the wider public. Being confronted with a variety of stakeholder goals and relationships, it could be particularly advantageous for enterprises in agribusiness to pursue a corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategy. Based on a literature review, we introduce a conceptual framework that provides insights into the determinants of CSR and its effects, in particular, on the legitimacy and reputation, and finally, the performance of enterprises in agribusiness. This contingency-theoretic approach allows a more thorough analysis of CSR strategies and has guided an empirical study. In 2008, 170 German agribusiness companies responded to an online survey, using a standardized questionnaire. The empirical findings provide in-depth insights into the perception of external pressure in various fields linked to food production (for instance, use of genetically modified organisms), the understanding of social responsibility by the agribusiness companies surveyed and the way CSR is integrated into the firms’ strategic management. We also present three clusters of companies that differ with regard to their dominant motives for pursuing CSR strategies.
Forecasting the consumption effect of taxing foods containing saturated fat
Creators: name: Hansen, Aslak H.
name: Hansen, Aslak H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Quantile Regression
subject: Simulation
subject: Healthy Diet
subject: Public Policy.

description: The purpose of the current paper is to explain how one can forecast the effect of an elected tax on saturated fat on the demand for butter. The tax is to take affect from the first of January 2010 in Denmark. The tax is supposed to affect the consumption of saturated fat and especially high consuming households are of interest. Quantile regression is thus better suited than mean regression. Interest centre on at risk groups with larger consumption, but we are also interested in a simple measure that measure the total effect of the tax change, i.e. the unconditional quantile. The former can easily be obtained from the quantile regression while it is proposed to use simulations in the latter case. In mean regression a close form formula for calculating the unconditional mean from the conditional mean exist; unfortunately this is not the case for quantile regression. Hence, simulations are needed. The principle in the proposed method is the same as the methodology used in a recent published paper for comparing labour income distributions. A refinement of this methodology is suggested.
Additional file 6 of Development of a consensus statement on the role of the family in the physical activity, sedentary, and sleep behaviours of children and youth
Creators: name: Rhodes, Ryan E.
name: Guerrero, Michelle D.
name: Vanderloo, Leigh M.
name: Kheana Barbeau
name: Birken, Catherine S.
name: Jean-Philippe Chaput
name: Faulkner, Guy
name: Janssen, Ian
name: Madigan, Sheri
name: Mâsse, Louise C.
name: Tara-Leigh McHugh
name: Perdew, Megan
name: Stone, Kelly
name: Shelley, Jacob
name: Spinks, Nora
name: Tamminen, Katherine A.
name: Tomasone, Jennifer R.
name: Ward, Helen
name: Welsh, Frank
name: Tremblay, Mark S.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 6. Table S2 (doc.). Inclusion and exclusion criteria for systematic literature searches on family systems theory (review #4), parental correlates (review #5), and family interventions (review #6) for movement behaviours of children and youth.
CHALLENGES OF AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES AND THEIR IMPACT ON PROFITABILITY OF POTATO GROWERS IN EASTERN ETHIOPIA
Creators: name: MAMO, Yonas Abera
name: HAJI, Jema
name: LEGESSE, Belaineh
name: SASSI, Maria
name: MAMO, Yonas Abera
name: HAJI, Jema
name: LEGESSE, Belaineh
name: SASSI, Maria
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Farm Management
subject: agricultural cooperatives
subject: profitability
subject: impact
subject: PSM
subject: potato

description: Background of the research: Agricultural cooperatives are established for the sake of improving the livelihood of smallholder farm households through improving their profitability. However, due to several challenges facing the cooperatives, their establishment may not guarantee such an achievement. Hence, it is essential to empirically verify their impact on profitability of the smallholder farm households. Purpose of the article: The purpose of this study is to measure the impact of agricultural cooperatives on profitability of small holder potato farmers in Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: The study was conducted making use of survey data on members and non-members of agricultural cooperatives in Eastern Hararghe based on multi-stage sampling method. Simple inferential and econometric methods of data analyses were carried out. The simple inferential analysis involves mean comparison tests whereas the econometric analysis is related to PSM method along with simulation-based sensitivity analysis. Findings and value added: The inferential analysis indicates that there is no significant difference in per unit profit between members and non-members. This result also holds true with disintegration of components of the profitability into per unit price, per unit cost of production and per unit cost of marketing. The PSM result also shows that, except the slightly significance for per unit cost of production in favour of non-members, there is no significant difference in terms of per unit profit, per unit price, and per unit cost of marketing. The result implies that membership to cooperatives does not guarantee positive impact on profitability of its members. Recommendation: Therefore, it is recommended that strict follow-up is crucial on the cooperatives’ performance; agricultural cooperatives better be functional in all aspects attached to profitability of farmers; active participation of member farmers is inevitable; frequent and regular trainings are also necessitated in order to build the managerial capacity of the leaders; and there should be clear framework of coordination in production and marketing activities. The other mentioned challenges should also be considered.
description: doi: 10.15414/raae.2021.24.02.62-77; https://roaae.org/issue/review-of-agricultural-and-applied-economics-raae-vol-24-no-2-2021/?article=challenges-of-agricultural-cooperatives-and-their-impact-on-profitability-of-potato-growers-in-eastern-ethiopia
Circumnuclear Structure and Black Hole Fueling: HST/NICMOS Imaging of 250 Active and Normal Galaxies
Creators: name: Hunt, L. K.
name: Malkan, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Why are the nuclei of some galaxies more active than others? If most galaxies harbor a central massive black hole, the main difference is probably in how well it is fueled by its surroundings. We investigate the hypothesis that such a difference can be seen in the detailed circumnuclear morphologies of galaxies using several quantitatively defined features, including bars, isophotal twists, boxy and disky isophotes, and strong non-axisymmetric features in unsharp masked images. These diagnostics are applied to 250 high-resolution images of galaxy centers obtained in the near-infrared with NICMOS on HST. To guard against the influence of possible biases and selection effects, we have carefully matched samples of Seyfert 1, Seyfert 2, LINER, starburst and normal galaxies in their basic properties, taking particular care to ensure that each was observed with a similar average scale (10-15 parsecs per pixel). Several morphological differences among our five different spectroscopic classifications emerge from the analysis. The HII/starburst galaxies show the strongest deviations from smooth elliptical isophotes, while the normal galaxies and LINERS have the least disturbed morphology. The Seyfert 2 galaxies have significantly more twisted isophotes than any other category, and the early-type Seyfert 2s are significantly more disturbed than the early-type Seyfert 1s. The morphological differences between Seyfert 1s and 2s suggest that more is at work than simply the viewing angle of the central engine. They may correspond to different evolutionary stages.
description: 47 pages, 10 figures (4 postscript, 6 gif), to appear in ApJ, 1 December 2004
Economic Issues in the Management of Plants Invading Natural Environments: Scotch Broom in Barrington Tops National Park
Creators: name: Odem, Doreen
name: Sinden, Jack A.
name: Cacho, Oscar J.
name: Griffith, Garry R.
name: Odem, Doreen
name: Sinden, Jack A.
name: Cacho, Oscar J.
name: Griffith, Garry R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Scotch broom
subject: economic issues
subject: management issues
subject: natural environments
subject: bioeconomic model

description: Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius, L.), is an exotic leguminous shrub, native to Europe, which invades pastoral and woodland ecosystems and adjoining river systems in cool, high rainfall regions of southeastern Australia. Broom has invaded 10,000 hectares of eucalypt woodland at Barrington Tops National Park in New South Wales, and is having a major impact on the natural ecology of the sub-alpine environment. It is extremely competitive with the native flora, retarding their growth and in many areas blanketing the ground and preventing growth of many understorey species in open forest areas. An active program to manage this invasion is being implemented by the National Parks and Wildlife Service. The management issues include whether eradication or containment is economically desirable, and when biological control is economically desirable. Management choices depend on the marginal costs of increments of government intervention, effects of uncertain budgets on the control of broom, choice of control measures and effects of uncertain values of biodiversity. These issues are addressed through the application of a detailed bioeconomic model of broom management.
Evidence for a Coronal Shock Wave Origin for Relativistic Protons Producing Solar Gamma-Rays and Observed by Neutron Monitors at Earth
Creators: name: Kouloumvakos, Athanasios
name: Rouillard, Alexis P.
name: Share, Gerald H.
name: Plotnikov, Illya
name: Murphy, Ronald
name: Papaioannou, Athanasios
name: Wu, Yihong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the solar eruptive event on 2017 September 10 that produced long-lasting $>$100 MeV $γ$-ray emission and a ground level enhancement (GLE72). The origin of the high-energy ions producing late-phase gamma-ray emission (LPGRE) is still an open question, but a possible explanation is proton acceleration at coronal shocks produced by coronal mass ejections. We examine a common shock acceleration origin for both the LPGRE and GLE72. The $γ$-ray emission observed by the Fermi-Large Area Telescope exhibits a weak impulsive phase, consistent with that observed in hard X-and $γ$-ray line flare emissions, and what appear to be two distinct stages of LPGRE. From a detailed modeling of the shock wave, we derive the 3D distribution and temporal evolution of the shock parameters, and we examine the shock wave magnetic connection with the visible solar disk. The evolution of shock parameters on field lines returning to the visible disk, mirrors the two stages of LPGRE. We find good agreement between the time history of $>$100 MeV $γ$-rays and one produced by a basic shock acceleration model. The time history of shock parameters magnetically mapped to Earth agrees with the rates observed by the Fort Smith neutron monitor during the first hour of the GLE72 if we include a 30% contribution of flare-accelerated protons during the first 10 minutes, having a release time following the time history of nuclear $γ$-rays. Our analysis provides compelling evidence for a common shock origin for protons producing the LPGRE and most of the particles observed in GLE72.
description: Accepted for publication in APJ, 18 pages, 12 figures
Construction of model dielectric constants for two and three dimensional electron liquids from density functionals
Creators: name: Favaro, A. P.
name: Ferreira, Joao Vitor Batista
name: Capelle, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Thomas-Fermi (TF) approximation for the static dielectric constant of a three-dimensional electron liquid can be derived from minimizing the TF local-density approximation for the kinetic-energy functional. Here we show that this connection between energy functionals and model dielectric constants is not an artifact of three-dimensionality or of the kinetic-energy functional, but a general paradigm that can be exploited to build specific physical phenomena into model dielectric constants by deriving them from suitable energy functionals. Four examples are worked out in detail, by calculating the dielectric constants that follow, respectively, from (i) exchange corrections to TF theory in three dimensions, i.e., TF-Dirac theory, (ii) further correlation corrections to TF-Dirac theory in three dimensions, (iii) TF theory in two dimensions, and (iv) exchange corrections to TF theory in two dimensions. Each of these cases has certain interesting features that are discussed in some detail. As a byproduct of these investigations we also find that a common textbook statement about the long-wavelength ($k\to0$) limit of the random-phase approximation is not fully correct.
description: 7 pages 3 figures, version 2 (discussion improved, new comparisons added) accepted by PRB
A theoretical and numerical approach to "magic angle" of stone skipping
Creators: name: Nagahiro, Shin-ichiro
name: Hayakawa, Yoshinori
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate oblique impacts of a circular disk and water surface. An experiment [ Clanet, C., Hersen, F. and Bocquet, L., Nature 427, 29 (2004) ] revealed that there exists a "magic angle" of 20 [deg.] between a disk face and water surface which minimize the required speed for ricochet. We perform 3-dimensional simulation of the water impacts using the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) and analyze the results with an ordinal differential equation (ODE) model. Our simulation is in good agreement with the experiment. The analysis with the ODE model give us a theoretical insight for the ``magic angle" of stone skipping.
description: 4 pages, 4figures
Bank Restructuring and its Implication on Indonesian Macro Economy and Agricultural Sector
Creators: name: Oktaviani, Rina
name: Sugema, Iman
name: Ratnawaty, Anny
name: Oktaviani, Rina
name: Sugema, Iman
name: Ratnawaty, Anny
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Bank restructuring
subject: CGE
subject: agricultural and economic development

description: The impacts of bank restructuring on the Indonesian macro economy, and its various sectors, especially the agricultural industries, are assessed and analyzed using an Indonesian Forecasting Model. The model is more detailed sector-wise than existing Indonesian CGE models and incorporates flexibility to capture alternative assumptions regarding land and investment behavior. The impacts are assessed under several alternative settings including various scenarios on capital augmenting technical change and rate of return to capital on all industries. The failure of bank restructuring will have a bad impact on the Indonesian macroeconomic performance. It will reduce the GDP from both income side and expenditure side. The impact become worst if it will reduce the efficiency of using capital in all sector. The high effort of internal and external banking system should be done to make a successful of bank restructuring. The successful of bank restructuring will increase the output bigger than the failed of bank restructuring or will minimize the negative percentage change. Paddy is one example have a positive percentage change. The government policy is still needed to encourage banking sector to give a soft loan to the agricultural sector.
DETERMINANTS OF VERTICAL COORDINATION OPTION CHOICES AMONG SMALLHOLDER FRENCH BEANS PRODUCERS IN KENYA
Creators: name: CHELANGA, Naomi Chebiwot
name: KARIUKI, Isaac Maina
name: OBARE, Gideon Aiko
name: CHELANGA, Naomi Chebiwot
name: KARIUKI, Isaac Maina
name: OBARE, Gideon Aiko
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: vertical coordination
subject: smallholder producers
subject: multivariate probit model
subject: french beans

description: Research background: With market liberalization and the introduction of the new Global GAP measures, several vertical coordination options have emerged, presenting smallholder farmers with multiple market outlets. The choice of any vertical coordination option (VCO) is likely to be entwined by farm, farmer and vertical coordination attributes, yet the selection of an appropriate market outlet for delivering farm produce is not clear-cut. Purpose of the article: This study determines factors influencing the choice of vertical coordination options among smallholder French beans producers in Murang’a South Sub-County Methods: Using data from a sample of 215 smallholder producers, the study employed a multivariate probit model (MVP) to explain the determinants of vertical coordination option choices among French beans farmers in four wards located in Murang’a South Sub-County. Findings & Value added: The results indicate that the choice of vertical coordination option was significantly influenced by gender, household size, education stock, group membership, extension service, training access, farming experience, off-farm income, credit access, distance and market reliability. This implies that the promotion of collective action as an institutional tool for linking farmers to high-value markets, matters. These networks will aid in sharing knowledge, increasing borrowing power and thus, producers can improve French bean quality as required by the market. Additionally, financial institutions stakeholders should develop policies that favour the acquisition of credit at affordable rates. Further, the government with other relevant stakeholders should conduct more training on global gap standards.
description: doi: 10.15414/raae.2021.24.02.78-89; https://roaae.org/issue/review-of-agricultural-and-applied-economics-raae-vol-24-no-2-2021/?article=determinants-of-vertical-coordination-option-choices-among-smallholder-french-beans-producers-in-kenya
Frequent JJ decoupling is the main origin of AC losses in the superconducting state
Creators: name: Sarangi, S.
name: Bhat, S. P. Chockalingam S. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The origins of AC losses in the high Tc superconductors are not addressed adequately in literature. We found out, frequent Josephson Junction (JJ) decoupling (both intergranular and the interlayer) due to the flow of AC current is one of the main origins of the AC losses in high Tc superconductors. We have determined the AC losses in superconductors in the rf range by measuring the absolute value of non-resonant rf power absorbed by the samples. Our data shows that under certain conditions when both the number density of JJs present in the sample and the JJ critical current cross a threshold value, AC losses in the superconducting state keeps on increasing with decreasing temperature below Tc. The underlying mechanism is an interesting interplay of JJ coupling energy and the amplitude of rf voltage applied to the sample. The effect of an applied magnetic field, variation of rf frequency and temperature were studied in detail. To find out the exact relation between the JJ coupling energy, JJ number density, applied AC frequency, the amplitude of AC current and the AC losses in superconductors, we have studied samples of different crystalline properties, different grain sizes, pressurized with different pressure and sintered at different physical and chemical situations. The implementations of these results are discussed. These results have important implications for the understanding of the origin of AC losses and characterization of superconducting samples. In this paper we also extend the capability of the AC losses studies in superconductors for the characterization of materials for device applications.
description: 20 pages, 5 figures
Activism and the internet : a socio-politcal analysis of how the use of electronic mailing lists affects mobilization in soical movement organizations
Creators: name: Crounauer, Katja
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The main research questions in this thesis are whether use of electronic mailing lists by activist groups furthers or hinders the mobilization of list subscribers, and what role lists play in fostering subscribers' involvement with social activist groups. Two public electronic mailing lists were studied over several months for effects of list use on mobilization. The first was created and predominantly used by the student group APEC-Alert to mobilize against the 1997 APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting in Vancouver, Canada. The second, established by a group in Cologne, Germany, was used by many groups from Cologne and elsewhere who organized against European Union and Great 7 summits in Cologne in 1999. I collected messages posted to these lists, obtained subscribers' responses to questionnaires that I designed, and conducted interviews with subscribers. I used a combination of quantitative and qualitative analyses and drew on concepts from social movement theories. I examined how movement organizers used lists and what effects list messages had on subscribers. I examined whether and how list messages changed subscribers' perceptions of movement organizations and the issues they were concerned with, and whether and how list use prompted movement involvement of inactive subscribers and facilitated continued involvement of already active participants. On both lists, some subscribers were more mobilized to support movement goals, group views, aims and tactics, and to become active. These subscribers had the most personal contact with anti-globalization activists, the most previous experience with activism, and in case of the Cologne list, longer and more recent experiences with activism. Least mobilized subscribers were female and those most deterred by negative movement dynamics. I show that effectiveness of list use for mobilization depends on social location of those in the target pool for subscribers, personal contact between subscribers and movement actors, movement dynamics, organizers' framing efforts, presence of collective identities (which seem difficult to develop without face-to-face contact), degree of trust prevalent between subscribers, and availability of resources to movement actors. I recommend that activists increase online framing efforts, explain how subscribers can become active, facilitate personal contact, improve movement dynamics, and broaden access to list content.