cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis of multi-dimensional ESPRIT-type algorithms for arbitrary and strictly non-circular sources with spatial smoothing
Creators: name: Steinwandt, Jens
name: Roemer, Florian
name: Haardt, Martin
name: Del Galdo, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Spatial smoothing is a widely used preprocessing scheme to improve the performance of high-resolution parameter estimation algorithms in case of coherent signals or if only a small number of snapshots is available. In this paper, we present a first-order performance analysis of the spatially smoothed versions of R-D Standard ESPRIT and R-D Unitary ESPRIT for sources with arbitrary signal constellations as well as R-D NC Standard ESPRIT and R-D NC Unitary ESPRIT for strictly second-order (SO) non-circular (NC) sources. The derived expressions are asymptotic in the effective signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), i.e., the approximations become exact for either high SNRs or a large sample size. Moreover, no assumptions on the noise statistics are required apart from a zero-mean and finite SO moments. We show that both R-D NC ESPRIT-type algorithms with spatial smoothing perform asymptotically identical in the high effective SNR regime. Generally, the performance of spatial smoothing based algorithms depends on the number of subarrays, which is a design parameter and needs to be chosen beforehand. In order to gain more insights into the optimal choice of the number of subarrays, we simplify the derived analytical R-D mean square error (MSE) expressions for the special case of a single source. The obtained MSE expression explicitly depends on the number of subarrays in each dimension, which allows us to analytically find the optimal number of subarrays for spatial smoothing. Based on this result, we additionally derive the maximum asymptotic gain from spatial smoothing and explicitly compute the asymptotic efficiency for this special case. All the analytical results are verified by simulations.
description: submitted to IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing on 18/01/2016
Maximal surface area of a convex set in $\mathbb{R}^n$ with respect to exponential rotation invariant measures
Creators: name: Livshyts, Galyna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $p$ be a positive number. Consider probability measure $γ_p$ with density $φ_p(y)=c_{n,p}e^{-\frac{|y|^p}{p}}$. We show that the maximal surface area of a convex body in $\mathbb{R}^n$ with respect to $γ_p$ is asymptotically equal to $C_p n^{\frac{3}{4}-\frac{1}{p}}$, where constant $C_p$ depends on $p$ only. This is a generalization of Ball's and Nazarov's bounds, which were given for the case of the standard Gaussian measure $γ_2$.
Loop expansion and the bosonic representation of loop quantum gravity
Creators: name: Bianchi, Eugenio
name: Guglielmon, Jonathan
name: Hackl, Lucas
name: Yokomizo, Nelson
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a new loop expansion that provides a resolution of the identity in the Hilbert space of loop quantum gravity on a fixed graph. We work in the bosonic representation obtained by the canonical quantization of the spinorial formalism. The resolution of the identity gives a tool for implementing the projection of states in the full bosonic representation onto the space of solutions to the Gauss and area matching constraints of loop quantum gravity. This procedure is particularly efficient in the semiclassical regime, leading to explicit expressions for the loop expansions of coherent, heat kernel and squeezed states.
description: 33 pages, 2 figures
Relativistic electrons produced by foreshock disturbances
Creators: name: Wilson, L. B.
name: Sibeck, D. G.
name: Turner, D. L.
name: Osmane, A.
name: Caprioli, D.
name: Angelopoulos, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Foreshock disturbances -- large-scale (~1000 km to >30,000 km), transient (~5-10 per day - lasting ~10s of seconds to several minutes) structures [1,2] - generated by suprathermal (>100 eV to 100s of keV) ions [3,4] arise upstream of Earth's bow shock formed by the solar wind colliding with the Earth's magnetosphere. They have recently been found to accelerate ions to energies of several keV [5,6]. Although electrons in Saturn's high Mach number (M > 40) bow shock can be accelerated to relativistic energies (nearly 1000 keV) [7], it has hitherto been thought impossible to accelerate electrons at the much weaker (M < 20) Earth's bow shock beyond a few 10s of keV [8]. Here we report observations of electrons energized by foreshock disturbances to energies up to at least ~300 keV. Although such energetic electrons have been previously reported, their presence has been attributed to escaping magnetospheric particles [9,10] or solar events [11]. These relativistic electrons are not associated with any solar activity nor are they of magnetospheric origin. Further, current theories of ion acceleration in foreshock disturbances cannot account for electrons accelerated to the observed relativistic energies [12-17]. These electrons are clearly coming from the disturbances, leaving us with no explanation as to their origin.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures, rejected from Nature, intend to submit to Phys. Rev. Lett
Unification and New Particles at the LHC
Creators: name: Arkani-Hamed, Nima
name: D'Agnolo, Raffaele Tito
name: Low, Matthew
name: Pinner, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Precision gauge coupling unification is one of the primary quantitative successes of low energy or split supersymmetry. Preserving this success puts severe restrictions on possible matter and gauge sectors that might appear at collider-accessible energies. In this work we enumerate new gauge sectors which are compatible with unification, consisting of horizontal gauge groups acting on vector-like matter charged under the Standard Model. Interestingly, almost all of these theories are in the supersymmetric conformal window at high energies and confine quickly after the superpartners are decoupled. For a range of scalar masses compatible with both moderately tuned and minimally split supersymmetry, the confining dynamics happen at the multi-TeV scale, leading to a spectrum of multiple spin-0 and spin-1 resonances accessible to the LHC, with unusual quantum numbers and striking decay patterns.
description: 27 pages, 6 figures
Stellar nuclei and inner polar disks in lenticular galaxies
Creators: name: Sil'chenko, Olga K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I analyze statistics of the stellar population properties for stellar nuclei and bulges of nearby lenticular galaxies in different environments by using panoramic spectral data of the integral-field spectrograph SAURON retrieved from the open archive of Isaac Newton Group. I estimate also the fraction of nearby lenticular galaxies having inner polar gaseous disks by exploring the volume-limited sample of early-type galaxies of the ATLAS-3D survey. By inspecting the two-dimensional velocity fields of the stellar and gaseous components with running tilted-ring technique, I have found 7 new cases of the inner polar disks. Together with those, the frequency of inner polar disks in nearby S0 galaxies reaches 10% that is much higher than the frequency of large-scale polar rings. Interestingly, the properties of the nuclear stellar populations in the inner polar ring hosts are statistically the same as those in the whole S0 sample implying similar histories of multiple gas accretion events from various directions.
description: 25 pages, 13 figures
The Califa and Hipass velocity function for all morphological galaxy types
Creators: name: Bekeraitė, S.
name: Walcher, C. J.
name: Wisotzki, L.
name: Croton, D. J.
name: Falcón-Barroso, J.
name: Lyubenova, M.
name: Obreschkow, D.
name: Sánchez, S. F.
name: Spekkens, K.
name: Torrey, P.
name: van de Ven, G.
name: Zwaan, M. A.
name: Ascasibar, Y.
name: Bland-Hawthorn, J.
name: González-Delgado, R.
name: Husemann, B.
name: Marino, R. A.
name: Vogelsberger, M.
name: Ziegler, B.
name: collaboration, the CALIFA
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The velocity function is a fundamental observable statistic of the galaxy population, similarly impor- tant as the luminosity function, but much more difficult to measure. In this work we present the first directly measured circular velocity function that is representative between 60 < v_circ < 320 km/s for galaxies of all morphological types at a given rotation velocity. For the low mass galaxy population (60 < v_circ < 170 km/s), we use the HIPASS velocity function. For the massive galaxy population (170 < v_circ < 320 km/s), we use stellar circular velocities from the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area Survey (CALIFA). In earlier work we obtained the measurements of circular velocity at the 80% light radius for 226 galaxies and demonstrated that the CALIFA sample can produce volume- corrected galaxy distribution functions. The CALIFA velocity function includes homogeneous velocity measurements of both late and early-type rotation-supported galaxies and has the crucial advantage of not missing gas-poor massive ellipticals that HI surveys are blind to. We show that both velocity functions can be combined in a seamless manner, as their ranges of validity overlap. The resulting observed velocity function is compared to velocity functions derived from cosmological simulations of the z = 0 galaxy population. We find that dark matter-only simulations show a strong mismatch with the observed VF. Hydrodynamic simulations fare better, but still do not fully reproduce observations.
description: Accepted to ApJL. Keywords: Galaxies: kinematics and dynamics - galaxies: statistics - galaxies: evolution 7 pages, 3 figures
2D nano-granularity of the oxygen chains in the YBa2Cu3O6.33 superconductor
Creators: name: Campi, G.
name: Ricci, A.
name: Poccia, N.
name: Bianconi, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The organization of dopants in high temperature superconductors provides complex topological geometries that controls superconducting properties. This makes the study of dopants spatial distribution of fundamental importance. The mobile oxygen ions, y, in the CuO2 plane of YBa2Cu3O6+y (0.33
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Pathogenesis of Endometriosis and Future Approaches
Creators: name: TUĞBA, Tuğba
name: Celal, Kaloğlu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent female disease associated with pelvic pain and infertility as a result ofabnormal placement of endometrial tissue outside the uterus.Endometriosis, which affects approximately 200million women worldwide, continues to be an important health problem today due to its uncertainties about itspathogenesis. Since the disease was identified, many different pathogenetic pathways have been considered,such as retrograde menstruation, benign metastasis, immune disorders, hormonal imbalances, involvement ofstem cells, and changes in epigenetic regulation. Interaction of the number and amount of menstrual flows withgenetic and environmental factors seems to determine the likelihood of development as well as the phenotypicmanifestation of the disease However, the true pathogenesis of endometriosis is not fully understood. Therefore,in this review, we outline recent developments that illuminate the main origin and pathogenesis of endometriosisbased on current studies and provide new avenues for research that promises to improve early diagnosis andtreatment of endometriosis. Although endometriosis is generally thought to be a steroid-sensitive disease, one ofthe possible causes of the development of endometriosis may be the immune system. A thorough understandingof the histopathogenesis and pathophysiology of endometriosis is essential for the development of newdiagnostic and therapeutic approaches to this debilitating condition.
Fast quantum state discrimination with nonlinear PTP channels
Creators: name: Geller, Michael R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate models of nonlinear quantum computation based on deterministic positive trace-preserving (PTP) channels and evolution equations. The models are defined in any finite Hilbert space, but the main results are for dimension $N \! = \! 2$. For every normalizable linear or nonlinear positive map $ϕ$ on bounded linear operators $X$, there is an associated normalized PTP channel $ ϕ(X) / {\rm tr}[ϕ(X)]$. Normalized PTP channels include unitary mean field theories, such as the Gross-Pitaevskii equation for interacting bosons, as well as models of linear and nonlinear dissipation. They classify into 4 types, yielding 3 distinct forms of nonlinearity whose computational power we explore. In the qubit case these channels support Bloch ball torsion and other distortions studied previously, where it has been shown that such nonlinearity can be used to increase the separation between a pair of close qubit states, suggesting an exponential speedup for state discrimination. Building on this idea, we argue that this operation can be made robust to noise by using dissipation to induce a bifurcation to a novel phase where a pair of attracting fixed points create an intrinsically fault-tolerant nonlinear state discriminator.
On the contribution of sunspots to the observed frequency shifts of solar acoustic modes
Creators: name: Santos, A. R. G.
name: Cunha, M. S.
name: Avelino, P. P.
name: Chaplin, W. J.
name: Campante, T. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Activity-related variations in the solar oscillation properties have been known for 30 years. However, the relative importance of the different contributions to the observed variations is not yet fully understood. Our goal is to estimate the relative contribution from sunspots to the observed activity-related variations in the frequencies of the acoustic modes. We use a variational principle to relate the phase differences induced by sunspots on the acoustic waves to the corresponding changes in the frequencies of the global acoustic oscillations. From the sunspot properties (area and latitude as a function of time), we are able to estimate the spot-induced frequency shifts. These are then combined with a smooth frequency shift component, associated with long-term solar-cycle variations, and the results compared with the frequency shifts derived from the Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) data. The result of this comparison is consistent with a sunspot contribution to the observed frequency shifts of roughly 30 per cent, with the remaining 70 per cent resulting mostly from a global, non-stochastic variation, possibly related to the changes in the overall magnetic field. Moreover, analysis of the residuals obtained after the subtraction of the model frequency shifts from the observations indicates the presence of a 1.5-yr periodicity in the data in phase with the quasi-biennial variations reported in the literature.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Special Lagrangian cycles and Calabi-Yau transitions
Creators: name: Collins, Tristan C.
name: Gukov, Sergei
name: Picard, Sebastien
name: Yau, Shing-Tung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct special Lagrangian 3-spheres in non-Kähler compact threefolds equipped with the Fu-Li-Yau geometry. These non-Kähler geometries emerge from topological transitions of compact Calabi-Yau threefolds. From this point of view, a conifold transition exchanges holomorphic 2-cycles for special Lagrangian 3-cycles.
description: 36 pages
The elusive stellar halo of the Triangulum Galaxy
Creators: name: McMonigal, B.
name: Lewis, G. F.
name: Brewer, B. J.
name: Irwin, M. J.
name: Martin, N. F.
name: McConnachie, A. W.
name: Ibata, R. A.
name: Ferguson, A. M. N.
name: Mackey, A. D.
name: Chapman, S. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The stellar halos of large galaxies represent a vital probe of the processes of galaxy evolution. They are the remnants of the initial bouts of star formation during the collapse of the proto-galactic cloud, coupled with imprint of ancient and on-going accretion events. Previously, we have reported the tentative detection of a possible, faint, extended stellar halo in the Local Group spiral, the Triangulum Galaxy (M33). However, the presence of substructure surrounding M33 made interpretation of this feature difficult. Here, we employ the final data set from the Pan-Andromeda Archaeological Survey (PAndAS), combined with an improved calibration and a newly derived contamination model for the region to revisit this claim. With an array of new fitting algorithms, fully accounting for contamination and the substantial substructure beyond the prominent stellar disk in M33, we reanalyse the surrounds to separate the signal of the stellar halo and the outer halo substructure. Using more robust search algorithms, we do not detect a large scale smooth stellar halo and place a limit on the maximum surface brightness of such a feature of $μ_V$ = 35.5 mags per square arcsec, or a total halo luminosity of $L < 10^6L_{\odot}$.
description: 17 pages, 23 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Deformed $w_{1+\infty}$ Algebras in the Celestial CFT
Creators: name: Mago, Jorge
name: Ren, Lecheng
name: Srikant, Akshay Yelleshpur
name: Volovich, Anastasia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the modification of the $w_{1+\infty}$ algebra of soft graviton, gluon and scalar currents in the celestial CFT due to non-minimal couplings. We find that the Jacobi identity is satisfied only when the spectrum and couplings of the theory obey certain constraints. We comment on the similarities and essential differences of this algebra to $W_{1+\infty}$.
Effective magnetic interactions in spin-orbit coupled $d^4$ Mott insulators
Creators: name: Svoboda, Christopher
name: Randeria, Mohit
name: Trivedi, Nandini
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transition metal compounds with the $(t_{2g})^4$ electronic configuration are expected to be nonmagnetic atomic singlets both in the weakly interacting regime due to spin-orbit coupling, as well as in the Coulomb dominated regime with oppositely aligned $L=1$ and $S=1$ angular momenta. However, starting with the full multi-orbital electronic Hamiltonian, we show the low energy effective magnetic Hamiltonian contains isotropic superexchange spin interactions but anisotropic orbital interactions. By tuning the ratio of superexchange to spin-orbit coupling $J_\mathrm{SE}/λ$, we obtain a phase transition from nonmagnetic atomic singlets to novel magnetic phases depending on the strength of Hund's coupling, the crystal structure and the number of active orbitals. Spin-orbit coupling plays a non-trivial role in generating a triplon condensate of weakly interacting excitations at antiferromagnetic ordering vector $\vec k=\vec π$, regardless of whether the local spin interactions are ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic. In the large $J_\mathrm{SE} / λ$ regime, the localized spin and orbital moments produce anisotropic orbital interactions that are frustrated or constrained even in the absence of geometric frustration. Orbital frustration leads to frustration in the spin channel opening up the possibility of spin-orbital liquids with both spin and orbital entanglement.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures; supplement: 4 pages and 1 figure
Molecular Beam Epitaxy growth of MoTe$_2$ on Hexagonal Boron Nitride
Creators: name: Seredyński, Bartłomiej
name: Bożek, Rafał
name: Suffczyński, Jan
name: Piwowar, Justyna
name: Sadowski, Janusz
name: Pacuski, Wojciech
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hexagonal boron nitride has already been proven to serve as a decent substrate for high quality epitaxial growth of several 2D materials, such as graphene, MoSe$_{\tiny{\textrm{2}}}$, MoS$_{\tiny{\textrm{2}}}$ or WSe$_{\tiny{\textrm{2}}}$. Here, we present for the first time the molecular beam epitaxy growth of MoTe$_{\tiny{\textrm{2}}}$ on atomically smooth hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) substrate. Occurrence of MoTe$_{\tiny{\textrm{2}}}$ in various crystalline phases such as distorted octahedral 1T' phase with semimetal properties or hexagonal 2H phase with semiconducting properties opens a possibility of realisation of crystal-phase homostructures with tunable properties. Atomic force microscopy studies of MoTe$_{\tiny{\textrm{2}}}$ grown in a single monolayer regime enable us to determine surface morphology as a function of the growth conditions. The diffusion constant of MoTe$_{\tiny{\textrm{2}}}$ grown on hBN can be altered 5 times by annealing after the growth, reaching about 5 $\cdot$ 10$^{-6}$ cm$^{2}$/s. Raman spectroscopy results suggest a coexistence of both 2H and 1T' MoTe$_{\tiny{\textrm{2}}}$ phases in the studied samples.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Quantum Motif Clustering
Creators: name: Cade, Chris
name: Labib, Farrokh
name: Niesen, Ido
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present three quantum algorithms for clustering graphs based on higher-order patterns, known as motif clustering. One uses a straightforward application of Grover search, the other two make use of quantum approximate counting, and all of them obtain square-root like speedups over the fastest classical algorithms in various settings. In order to use approximate counting in the context of clustering, we show that for general weighted graphs the performance of spectral clustering is mostly left unchanged by the presence of constant (relative) errors on the edge weights. Finally, we extend the original analysis of motif clustering in order to better understand the role of multiple `anchor nodes' in motifs and the types of relationships that this method of clustering can and cannot capture.
description: 51 pages, 11 figures
Lithium Inventory of 2 $M_\odot$ Red Clump Stars in Open Clusters: A Test of the Helium Flash Mechanism
Creators: name: Carlberg, Joleen K.
name: Cunha, Katia
name: Smith, Verne V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The temperature distribution of field Li-rich red giants suggests the presence of a population of Li-rich red clump (RC) stars. One proposed explanation for this population is that all stars with masses near 2 $M_\odot$ experience a short-lived phase of Li-richness at the onset of core He-burning. Many of these stars have low 12C/13C, a signature of deep mixing that is presumably associated with the Li regeneration. To test this purported mechanism of Li enrichment, we measured abundances in 38 RC stars and 6 red giant branch (RGB) stars in four open clusters selected to have RC masses near 2 $M_\odot$. We find six Li-rich stars (A(Li) > 1.50 dex) of which only two may be RC stars. None of the RC stars have Li exceeding the levels observed in the RGB stars, but given the brevity of the suggested Li-rich phase and the modest sample size, it is probable that stars with larger Li-enrichments were missed simply by chance. However, we find very few stars in our sample with low 12C/13C. Such low 12C/13C, seen in many field Li-rich stars, should persist even after lithium has returned to normal low levels. Thus, if Li synthesis during the He flash occurs, it is a rare, but potentially long-lived occurrence rather than a short-lived phase for all stars. We estimate a conservative upper limit of the fraction of stars going through a Li-rich phase to be <47\%, based on stars that have low 12C/13C for their observed A(Li).
description: 16 pages, 7 Figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Optimal ALOHA-like Random Access with Heterogeneous QoS Guarantees for Multi-Packet Reception Aided Visible Light Communications
Creators: name: Zhao, Linlin
name: Chi, Xuefen
name: Yang, Shaoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: There is a paucity of random access protocols designed for alleviating collisions in visible light communication (VLC) systems, where carrier sensing is hard to be achieved due to the directionality of light. To resolve the problem of collisions, we adopt the successive interference cancellation (SIC) algorithm to enable the coordinator to simultaneously communicate with multiple devices, which is referred to as the multi-packet reception (MPR) capability. However, the MPR capability could be fully utilized only when random access algorithms are properly designed. Considering the characteristics of the SIC aided random access VLC system, we propose a novel effective capacity (EC)-based ALOHA-like distributed random access algorithm for MPR-aided uplink VLC systems having heterogeneous quality-of-service (QoS) guarantees. Firstly, we model the VLC network as a conflict graph and derive the EC for each device. Then, we formulate the VLC QoS-guaranteed random access problem as a saturation throughput maximization problem subject to multiple statistical QoS constraints. Finally, the resultant non-concave optimization problem (OP) is solved by a memetic search algorithm relying on invasive weed optimization and differential evolution (IWO-DE). We demonstrate that our derived EC expression matches the Monte Carlo simulation results accurately, and the performance of our proposed algorithms is competitive.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables, accepted to appear on IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, Sept. 2016
ANÁLISE EPIDEMIOLÓGICA DO CÂNCER DE PELE NO ESTADO DO TOCANTINS
Creators: name: Natalia Kisha Teixeira RIBEIRO
name: Vanessa Bárbara dos Anjos GOMES
name: Raymara Rocha SILVA
name: Silvestre Júlio Souza da SILVEIRA
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Epidemiologia
Câncer de pele
Melanoma
Incidência
Estratégias de saúde

description: RESUMO

Este estudo epidemiológico teve como objetivo analisar o perfil do câncer de pele no estado do Tocantins, no recorte temporal de janeiro de 2017 a dezembro de 2022. A pesquisa, de abordagem quantitativa e retrospectiva, utilizou dados secundários do DATASUS, abordando tanto o câncer de pele não melanoma (CPNM) quanto o melanoma. Foram analisados 472 casos de câncer de pele, dos quais 441 eram de CPNM e 31 de melanoma. A análise revelou que o CPNM é o tipo mais prevalente de câncer de pele na região, com uma incidência significativa em indivíduos com mais de 60 anos e um aumento notável nos casos entre 2018 e 2019. Este padrão elevado de CPNM está associado à intensa exposição solar característica da região do Tocantins. A maioria dos tratamentos registrados foi cirúrgica, embora a documentação das modalidades terapêuticas tenha sido insuficiente. O estudo destaca a necessidade de melhorar a documentação dos tratamentos, fortalecer as estratégias de prevenção e rastreamento, e aprimorar os sistemas de registro clínico. Os resultados oferecem uma base para  futuras pesquisas e podem influenciar políticas de saúde pública, visando uma melhor gestão e controle do câncer de pele no Tocantins.
A structure preserving front tracking finite element method for the Mullins--Sekerka problem
Creators: name: Nürnberg, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We introduce and analyse a fully discrete approximation for a mathematical model for the solidification and liquidation of materials of negligible specific heat. The model is a two-sided Mullins--Sekerka problem. The discretization uses finite elements in space and an independent parameterization of the moving free boundary. We prove unconditional stability and exact volume conservation for the introduced scheme. Several numerical simulations, including for nearly crystalline surface energies, demonstrate the practicality and accuracy of the presented numerical method.
description: 24 pages, 9 figures
An essentially decentralized interior point method for control
Creators: name: Engelmann, Alexander
name: Stomberg, Gösta
name: Faulwasser, Timm
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Distributed and decentralized optimization are key for the control of networked systems. Application examples include distributed model predictive control and distributed sensing or estimation. Non-linear systems, however, lead to problems with non-convex constraints for which classical decentralized optimization algorithms lack convergence guarantees. Moreover, classical decentralized algorithms usually exhibit only linear convergence. This paper presents an essentially decentralized primal-dual interior point method with convergence guarantees for non-convex problems at a superlinear rate. We show that the proposed method works reliably on a numerical example from power systems. Our results indicate that the proposed method outperforms ADMM in terms of computation time and computational complexity of the subproblems.
Microscopic origin of self-similarity in granular blast waves
Creators: name: Barbier, Matthieu
name: Villamaina, Dario
name: Trizac, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The self-similar expansion of a blast wave, well-studied in air, has peculiar counterparts in dense and dissipative media such as granular gases. Recent results have shown that, while the traditional Taylor-von Neumann-Sedov (TvNS) derivation is not applicable to such granular blasts, they can nevertheless be well understood via a combination of microscopic and hydrodynamic insights. In this article, we provide a detailed analysis of these methods associating Molecular Dynamics simulations and continuum equations, which successfully predict hydrodynamic profiles, scaling properties and the instability of the self-similar solution. We also present new results for the energy conserving case, including the particle-level analysis of the classic TvNS solution and its breakdown at higher densities.
description: 47 pages, 9 figures Supplementary Materials: 2 appendices, 3 figures
Loops in 4+1d Topological Phases
Creators: name: Chen, Xie
name: Dua, Arpit
name: Hsin, Po-Shen
name: Jian, Chao-Ming
name: Shirley, Wilbur
name: Xu, Cenke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: 2+1d topological phases are well characterized by the fusion rules and braiding/exchange statistics of fractional point excitations. In 4+1d, some topological phases contain only fractional loop excitations. What kind of loop statistics exist? We study the 4+1d gauge theory with 2-form $\mathbb{Z}_2$ gauge field (the loop only toric code) and find that while braiding statistics between two different types of loops can be nontrivial, the self `exchange' statistics are all trivial. In particular, we show that the electric, magnetic, and dyonic loop excitations in the 4+1d toric code are not distinguished by their self-statistics. They tunnel into each other across 3+1d invertible domain walls which in turn give explicit unitary circuits that map the loop excitations into each other. The $SL(2,\mathbb{Z}_2)$ symmetry that permutes the loops, however, cannot be consistently gauged and we discuss the associated obstruction in the process. Moreover, we discuss a gapless boundary condition dubbed the `fractional Maxwell theory' and show how it can be Higgsed into gapped boundary conditions. We also discuss the generalization of these results from the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ gauge group to $\mathbb{Z}_N$.
description: 49+21 pages, 13 figures, more clear explanations added for sections V and VI in v3
PQ Axiverse
Creators: name: Demirtas, Mehmet
name: Gendler, Naomi
name: Long, Cody
name: McAllister, Liam
name: Moritz, Jakob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the strong CP problem is solved in a large class of compactifications of string theory. The Peccei-Quinn mechanism solves the strong CP problem if the CP-breaking effects of the ultraviolet completion of gravity and of QCD are small compared to the CP-preserving axion potential generated by low-energy QCD instantons. We characterize both classes of effects. To understand quantum gravitational effects, we consider an ensemble of flux compactifications of type IIB string theory on orientifolds of Calabi-Yau hypersurfaces in the geometric regime, taking a simple model of QCD on D7-branes. We show that the D-brane instanton contribution to the neutron electric dipole moment falls exponentially in $N^4$, with $N$ the number of axions. In particular, this contribution is negligible in all models in our ensemble with $N>17$. We interpret this result as a consequence of large $N$ effects in the geometry that create hierarchies in instanton actions and also suppress the ultraviolet cutoff. We also compute the CP breaking due to high-energy instantons in QCD. In the absence of vectorlike pairs, we find contributions to the neutron electric dipole moment that are not excluded, but that could be accessible to future experiments if the scale of supersymmetry breaking is sufficiently low. The existence of vectorlike pairs can lead to a larger dipole moment. Finally, we show that a significant fraction of models are allowed by standard cosmological and astrophysical constraints.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures, 2 appendices. v2: typo fixed, references added
Extended Higgs sectors in the context of supersymmetry at the LHC
Creators: name: Bandyopadhyay, Priyotosh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We studied the extension of Standard Model (SM) Higgs sector with $SU(2)$ triplet and SM gauge singlet in the context of supersymmetry. For a $Z_3$ symmetric superpotential where the singlet field generates the bi-linear Higgs mixing term between two Higgs doublets dynamically. Models like this often have a very light pseudoscalar as pseudo-Nambu Goldstone model of an extra $U(1)$ symmetry. We investigate the possibility of such light hidden Higgs boson with the data of the discovered Higgs boson around 125 GeV. Along with the neutral sector, the charged Higgs bosons in the triplet extended case are really interesting as the triplet charged Higgs bosons give rise to new decay mode to $Z W^\pm$ along with $ a_1 W^\pm$ due to the existence of light pseudoscalar. These new modes can be looked for at the LHC in the search for the Higgs bosons in other representations of $SU(2)$.
description: A talk given at QCD@Work at Martina Franca, Italy (8th Edition of the International Workshop on Quantum Chromodynamics, 2016)
A functional calculus for the magnetization dynamics
Creators: name: Tranchida, Julien
name: Thibaudeau, Pascal
name: Nicolis, Stam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A functional calculus approach is applied to the derivation of evolution equations for the moments of the magnetization dynamics of systems subject to stochastic fields. It allows us to derive a general framework for obtaining the master equation for the stochastic magnetization dynamics, that is applied to both, Markovian and non-Markovian dynamics. The formalism is applied for studying different kinds of interactions, that are of practical relevance and hierarchies of evolution equations for the moments of the distribution of the magnetization are obtained. In each case, assumptions are spelled out, in order to close the hierarchies. These closure assumptions are tested by extensive numerical studies, that probe the validity of Gaussian or non--Gaussian closure Ansätze.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures
The Infrared Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) for TMT: Multi-tiered Wavefront Measurements and Novel Mechanical Design
Creators: name: Dunn, Jennifer
name: Andersen, David
name: Chapin, Edward
name: Reshetov, Vlad
name: Wierzbicki, Ramunas
name: Herriot, Glen
name: Chalmers, Dean
name: Isbrucker, Victor
name: Larkin, James E.
name: Moore, Anna M.
name: Suzuki, Ryuji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The InfraRed Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) will be the first light adaptive optics instrument on the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT). IRIS is being built by a collaboration between Caltech, the University of California, NAOJ and NRC Herzberg. We present novel aspects of the Support Structure, Rotator and On-Instrument Wavefront Sensor systems being developed at NRC Herzberg. IRIS is suspended from the bottom port of the Narrow Field Infrared Adaptive Optics System (NFIRAOS), and provides its own image de-rotation to compensate for sidereal rotation of the focal plane. This arrangement is a challenge because NFIRAOS is designed to host two other science instruments, which imposes strict mass requirements on IRIS. We have been tasked with keeping the instrument mass under seven tonnes which has resulted in a mass reduction of 30 percent for the support structure and rotator compared to the most recent IRIS designs. To accomplish this goal, while still being able to withstand earthquakes, we developed a new design with composite materials. As IRIS is a client instrument of NFIRAOS, it benefits from NFIRAOS's superior AO correction. IRIS assists this correction by sensing low-order aberrations with an On-Instrument Wavefront Sensor (OIWFS). The OIWFS consists of three independently positioned natural guide star wavefront sensors that patrol a 2-arcminute field of view. We expect tip-tilt measurements from faint stars within the IRIS imager focal plane will further stabilize the delivered image quality. We describe how the use of On-Detector Guide Windows (ODGWs) in the IRIS imager can be incorporated into the AO correction. Finally, we present our strategies for acquiring and tracking sources with this complex AO system, and for mitigating and measuring the various potential sources of image blur and misalignment due to properties of the mechanical structure and interfaces. (Abridged)
description: 11 pages, 8 figures, SPIE (2016) 9908-381
Phase transitions, logarithmic Sobolev inequalities, and uniform-in-time propagation of chaos for weakly interacting diffusions
Creators: name: Delgadino, Matías G.
name: Gvalani, Rishabh S.
name: Pavliotis, Grigorios A.
name: Smith, Scott A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article, we study the mean field limit of weakly interacting diffusions for confining and interaction potentials that are not necessarily convex. We explore the relationship between the large $N$ limit of the constant in the logarithmic Sobolev inequality (LSI) for the $N$-particle system and the presence or absence of phase transitions for the mean field limit. The non-degeneracy of the LSI constant is shown to have far reaching consequences, especially in the context of uniform-in-time propagation of chaos and the behaviour of equilibrium fluctuations. Our results extend previous results related to unbounded spin systems and recent results on propagation of chaos using novel coupling methods. As incidentals, we provide concise and, to our knowledge, new proofs of a generalised form of Talagrand's inequality and of quantitative propagation of chaos by employing techniques from the theory of gradient flows, specifically the Riemannian calculus on the space of probability measures.
description: 43 pages, 1 figure
Rayleigh-Benard stability and the validity of quasi-Boussinesq or quasi-anelastic liquid approximations
Creators: name: Alboussiere, Thierry
name: Ricard, Yanick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 76E06, 76E20, 76Nxx

description: The linear stability threshold of the Rayleigh-Benard configuration is analyzed with compressible effects taken into account. It is assumed that the fluid obeys a Newtonian rheology and Fourier's law of thermal transport with constant, uniform (dynamic) viscosity and thermal conductivity in a uniform gravity field. Top and bottom boundaries are maintained at different constant temperatures and we consider here boundary conditions of zero tangential stress and impermeable walls. Under these conditions, and with the Boussinesq approximation, Rayleigh (1916) first obtained analytically the critical value 27pi^4/4 for a dimensionless parameter, now known as the Rayleigh number, at the onset of convection. This manuscript describes the changes of the critical Rayleigh number due to the compressibility of the fluid, measured by the dimensionless dissipation parameter D and due to a finite temperature difference between the hot and cold boundaries, measured by a dimensionless temperature gradient a. Different equations of state are examined: ideal gas equation, Murnaghan's model and a generic equation of state, which can represent any possible equation of state. We also consider two variations of this stability analysis. In a so-called quasi-Boussinesq model, we consider that density perturbations are solely due to temperature perturbations. In a so-called quasi-anelastic liquid approximation, we consider that entropy perturbations are solely due to temperature perturbations. In addition to the numerical Chebyshev-based stability analysis, an analytical approximation is obtained when temperature fluctuations are written as a combination of only two modes. This analytical expression allows us to show that the superadiabatic critical Rayleigh number quadratic departure in a and D from 27pi^4/4 involves the expansion of density up to the degree three in terms of pressure and temperature.
description: 42 pages, 30 figures, 4 tables
Luminosity functions consistent with a pulsar-dominated Galactic Center Excess
Creators: name: Dinsmore, Jack T.
name: Slatyer, Tracy R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new population of millisecond pulsars is a long-standing proposed explanation for the excess of GeV-scale gamma rays emanating from the region surrounding the center of the Milky Way (the "Galactic Center excess"). We examine several simple parameterizations of possible luminosity functions for this population, as well as several benchmark luminosity functions proposed in the literature, and compare the predicted populations of resolved point sources to the Fermi 4FGL-DR2 point source catalog and a sub-population recently identified using wavelet-based methods. We provide general results that can be used to translate upper limits on the number of resolved point sources associated with the excess, and the fraction of the flux in the excess that can be attributed to resolved sources, into limits on the luminosity function parameter space. We discuss a number of important systematic uncertainties, including in the detection threshold model and the total flux attributed to the excess. We delineate regions of parameter space (containing existing benchmark models) where there is no apparent tension with current data, and the number of total pulsars needed to explain the excess is in the range of O(10,000-100,000). Forecasting the effects of lowered point source detection thresholds, we show that novel analysis methods that probe sub-threshold point source populations can hope to resolve more than 30% of the flux of the excess.
description: Published in JCAP; updated to fix minor typos. 32 pages plus appendices
Holomorphic CFTs and topological modular forms
Creators: name: Lin, Ying-Hsuan
name: Pei, Du
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We use the theory of topological modular forms to constrain bosonic holomorphic CFTs, which can be viewed as $(0,1)$ SCFTs with trivial right-moving supersymmetric sector. A conjecture by Segal, Stolz and Teichner requires the constant term of the partition function to be divisible by specific integers determined by the central charge. We verify this constraint in large classes of physical examples, and rule out the existence of an infinite set of extremal CFTs, including those with central charges $c=48, 72, 96$ and $120$.
description: 7 pages; v2: references added
Applications of Swan's Bertini to unimodular rows
Creators: name: Keshari, Manoj K.
name: Sharma, Sampat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $R$ be an affine algebra of dimension $d\geq 4$ over a perfect field $k$ of char $\neq 2$ and $I$ be an ideal of $R$. Then - Um$_{d+1}(R,I)/{\rm E}_{d+1}(R,I)$ has nice group structure if $c.d._2(k)\leq 2$. - Um$_d(R,I)/{\rm E}_d(R,I)$ has nice group structure if $k$ is algebraically closed of char $k\neq 2,3$ and either (i) $k = \overline{\mathbb{F}}_{p}$ or (ii) $R$ is normal. - $MS_{d+1}(R)$ is uniquely divisible prime to characteristic of $k$ if $R$ is reduced and $k$ is infinite with $c.d.(k)\leq 1$.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2104.09784