cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Object Recognition with Progressive Refinement for Collaborative Robots Task Allocation
Creators: name: Wu, Wenbo
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2020
Subjects: Object recognition
Convolutional neural network
Deep learning
Machine vision

description: With the rapid development of deep learning techniques, the application of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) has benefited the task of target object recognition. Several state-of-the-art object detectors have achieved excellent performance on the precision for object recognition. When it comes to applying the detection results for the real world application of collaborative robots, the reliability and robustness of the target object detection stage is essential to support efficient task allocation. In this work, collaborative robots task allocation is based on the assumption that each individual robotic agent possesses specialized capabilities to be matched with detected targets representing tasks to be performed in the surrounding environment which impose specific requirements. The goal is to reach a specialized labor distribution among the individual robots based on best matching their specialized capabilities with the corresponding requirements imposed by the tasks. In order to further improve task recognition with convolutional neural networks in the context of robotic task allocation, this thesis proposes an innovative approach for progressively refining the target detection process by taking advantage of the fact that additional images can be collected by mobile cameras installed on robotic vehicles. The proposed methodology combines a CNN-based object detection module with a refinement module. For the detection module, a two-stage object detector, Mask RCNN, for which some adaptations on region proposal generation are introduced, and a one-stage object detector, YOLO, are experimentally investigated in the context considered. The generated recognition scores serve as input for the refinement module. In the latter, the current detection result is considered as the a priori evidence to enhance the next detection for the same target with the goal to iteratively improve the target recognition scores. Both the Bayesian method and the Dempster-Shafer theory are experimentally investigated to achieve the data fusion process involved in the refinement process. The experimental validation is conducted on indoor search-and-rescue (SAR) scenarios and the results presented in this work demonstrate the feasibility and reliability of the proposed progressive refinement framework, especially when the combination of adapted Mask RCNN and D-S theory data fusion is exploited.
Eco-Stoichiometric Alterations in Paddy Soil Ecosystem Driven by Phosphorus Application
Creators: name: Li, Xia
name: Wang, Hang
name: Gan, ShaoHua
name: Jiang, DaQian
name: Tian, GuangMing
name: Zhang, ZhiJian
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Soil microbial ecology
Soil science
Soils--Carbon content
Phosphatic fertilizers
Stoichiometry
Carbon sequestration

description: Agricultural fertilization may change processes of elemental biogeochemical cycles and alter the ecological function. Ecoenzymatic stoichiometric feature plays a critical role in global soil carbon (C) metabolism, driving element cycles, and mediating atmospheric composition in response to agricultural nutrient management. Despite the importance on crop growth, the role of phosphorous (P) in compliance with eco-stoichiometry on soil C and nitrogen (N) sequestration in the paddy field remains poorly understood in the context of climate change. Here, we collected soil samples from a field experiment after 6 years of chemical P application at a gradient of 0 (P-0), 30 (P-30), 60 (P-60), and 90 (P-90) kg ha⁻¹ in order to evaluate the role of P on stoichiometric properties in terms of soil chemical, microbial biomass, and eco-enzyme activities as well as greenhouse gas (GHG: CO₂, N₂O and CH₄) emissions. Continuous P input increased soil total organic C and N by 1.3–9.2% and 3%–13%, respectively. P input induced C and N limitations as indicated by the decreased ratio of C:P and N:P in the soil and microbial biomass. A synergistic mechanism among the ecoenzymatic stoichiometry, which regulated the ecological function of microbial C and N acquisition and were stoichiometrically related to P input, stimulated soil C and N sequestration in the paddy field. The lower emissions of N₂O and CH₄ under the higher P application (P-60 and P-90) in July and the insignificant difference in N₂O emission in August compared to P-30; however, continuous P input enhanced CO₂ fluxes for both samplings. There is a technical conflict for simultaneously regulating three types of GHGs in terms of the eco-stoichiometry mechanism under P fertilization. Thus, it is recommended that the P input in paddy fields not exceed 60 kg ha⁻¹ may maximize soil C sequestration, minimize P export, and guarantee grain yields.
Auftrag: Literaturwissenschaftsvermittlung. Überlegungen zum Wie und Warum eines Sonderfalls
Creators: name: Fasching, Daniela
name: Hannesschläger, Vanessa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Wissenschaftskommunikation
Kinderuni

description: Präsentation im Rahmen der Jahrestagung der DGPuK-Fachgruppe Wissenschaftskommunikation 2019.
Symmetric and antisymmetric exchange anisotropies in quasi-one-dimensional CuSe$_2$O$_5$ as revealed by ESR
Creators: name: Herak, M.
name: Zorko, A.
name: Arcon, D.
name: Potocnik, A.
name: Klanjsek, M.
name: van Tol, J.
name: Ozarowski, A.
name: Berger, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an electron spin resonance (ESR) study of single-crystalline spin chain-system CuSe$_2$O$_5$ in the frequency range between 9 GHz and 450 GHz. In a wide temperature range above the Néel temperature $T_N=17$ K we observe strong and anisotropic frequency dependence of a resonance linewidth. Although sizeable interchain interaction $J_{IC}\approx 0.1 J$ ($J$ is the intrachain interaction) is present in this system, the ESR results agree well with the Oshikawa-Affleck theory for one-dimensional $S=1/2$ Heisenberg antiferromagnet. This theory is used to extract the anisotropies present in CuSe$_2$O$_5$. We find that the symmetric anisotropic exchange $J_c=(0.04 \pm 0.01) \:J$ and the antisymmetric Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction $D=(0.05\pm 0.01)\:J$ are very similar in size in this system. Staggered-field susceptibility induced by the presence of the DM interaction is witnessed in the macroscopic susceptibility anisotropy.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables, published in Phys. Rev. B
Novel function of coagulation factor Xa : conversion into a clot-dissolving cofactor
Creators: name: Vanden Hoek, Amanda Lynne
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: PLASMIN-MEDIATED CONVERSION OF FXa INTO A CLOT-DISSOLVING COFACTOR. Factor Xa (FXa) is an essential blood clotting enzyme. A previously identified FXa derivative, Xa33/13, is generated by two distinct cleavages by the clot-dissolving (fibrinolytic) enzyme, plasmin. FXa is first converted to FXaβ by excision of a small C-terminal peptide and then proteolyzed at Lys330 in the autolysis loop to yield Xa33/13, which cannot participate in clotting. Instead, these cleavages confer novel fibrinolytic function to Xa33/13 as a tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) cofactor, thereby accelerating plasmin generation. To understand the importance of each cleavage and the role of individual residues in this functional conversion of FXa, five mutants were generated by mutation of basic residues to glutamine: Lys330 and four residues in the β-peptide region. Mutation at Lys330 prevented autolysis loop cleavage, and this mutant dissolved purified fibrin clots faster than plasma-derived FXa derivatives. Additionally, no basic residue within the β-peptide was uniquely targeted by plasmin and no single-point mutation in this region prevented subsequent autolysis loop cleavage. FX-DEFICIENT PATIENT. Factor X (FX) can be activated by two separate protein complexes, known as the initiating (extrinsic) and amplifying (intrinsic) tenases, which are assembled during coagulation. I describe a FX-deficient patient with a novel compound heterozygous mutation associated with differential clotting pathway function. Quantification of plasma FX antigen revealed 15 % of normal, which was consistent with extrinsic pathway activity. Intrinsic pathway activity was reduced to 5 % of normal, suggesting an activatable specific activity 3-fold lower than expected for this branch of the clotting pathway. DNA sequence analysis identified two heterozygous mutations: (1) a previously reported mutation that disrupts the splice site between exons I and II; (2) a novel mutation resulting in an Arg386Cys substitution in the protease domain. I propose that alternate disulfide bond formation and protein folding may reduce circulating FX antigen levels. Additionally, Arg386 may be involved in substrate recognition by the intrinsic tenase complex, providing a possible explanation for the differential effect on the two branches of the coagulation cascade. Recombinant FX mutant studies confirmed our findings in patient plasma and provided further support for these hypotheses.
Quantum criticality and the formation of a putative electronic liquid crystal in Sr3Ru2O7
Creators: name: Mackenzie, A. P.
name: Bruin, J. A. N.
name: Borzi, R. A.
name: Rost, A. W.
name: Grigera, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a brief review of the physical properties of Sr3Ru2O7, in which the approach to a magnetic-field-tuned quantum critical point is cut off by the formation of a novel phase with transport characteristics consistent with those of a nematic electronic liquid crystal. Our goal is to summarize the physics that led to that conclusion being drawn, describing the key experiments and discussing the theoretical approaches that have been adopted. Throughout the review we also attempt to highlight observations that are not yet understood, and to discuss the future challenges that will need to be addressed by both experiment and theory.
description: 14 pages, 7 Figures, minor corrections and updated references, accepted for publication in Physica C
Технико-экономическая оценка использования синхронных двигателей для компенсации реактивной мощности
Creators: name: Матвеенко Павел Иванович
name: Владимировна, Шевченко Валентина
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: электрические машины
синхронные двигатели
энергоснабжение
системы возбуждения
энергопотребление
компенсация реактивной мощности
потери активной мощности

description: На русском: [Матвеенко П.И., Шевченко В.В. Технико-экономическая оценка использования синхронных двигателей для компенсации реактивной мощности // Тезисы докладов XXII международной научно-практической конференции "Информационные технологии: наука, техника, технология, образование, здоровье" (MicroCAD-2014), 15-17 октября 2014 года. - В четырех частях, часть 2, секция 9 "Электромеханическое и электрическое преобразование энергии". - Украина, Харьков: НТУ "ХПИ", 2014. - С. 172. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2559670]

Ключевые слова: электрические машины, синхронные двигатели, энергоснабжение, системы возбуждения, энергопотребление, компенсация реактивной мощности, потери активной мощности.

Репозиторий НТУ "ХПИ" - открыть pdf. Архив НТУ "ХПИ" - открыть pdf, открыть pdf.

Сборник тезисов на сайте НТУ "ХПИ", на zenodo.
description: Файл в этой версии загружен по ошибке. Используйте версии 1, 2 или 4.
Engineered Open Systems and Quantum Simulations with Atoms and Ions
Creators: name: Müller, M.
name: Diehl, S.
name: Pupillo, G.
name: Zoller, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The enormous experimental progress in atomic, molecular and optical (AMO) physics during the last decades allows us nowadays to isolate single, a few or even many-body ensembles of microscopic particles, and to manipulate their quantum properties at a level of precision, which still seemed unthinkable some years ago. This versatile set of tools has enabled the development of the well-established concept of engineering of many-body Hamiltonians in various physical platforms. These available tools, however, can also be harnessed to extend the scenario of Hamiltonian engineering to a more general Liouvillian setting, which in addition to coherent dynamics also includes controlled dissipation in many-body quantum systems. Here, we review recent theoretical and experimental progress in different directions along these lines, with a particular focus on physical realizations with systems of atoms and ions. This comprises digital quantum simulations in a general open system setting, as well as engineering and understanding new classes of systems far away from thermodynamic equilibrium.
description: 79 pages, 23 figures, review article submitted to Advances in Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics. Abstract shortened
Documenting and Preserving Histories and Legacies
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Library science
Information technology
Slavs

description: Researchers on the Russian Diaspora in the United States face many problems in identifying and accessing materials. Émigrés often struggled financially, and preservation of their own legacy was often the least of their worries. Children born to the members of the "waves" typically assimilated in the US, and did not understand the value of family papers. Yet through the efforts of devoted people such as André Savine and others, many materials of the Russian Diaspora in the United States managed to survive, and collections of these materials were formed at various US institutions. These collections are most often poorly identified and/or frequently not cataloged in their entirety; thus, for practical purposes, they are inaccessible. Russian Diaspora materials are rare, and the people and/or organizations that produced them often not well known, making the creation of comprehensive catalog records are essential for identifying these materials. There is a strong call for an online inventory of Russian Diaspora collections and, given the somewhat poor condition of numerous items in these collections, there is also a compelling argument for developing a comprehensive full-text database of these materials. To this end, UNC Chapel Hill is building a Mellon-funded full-text database based on the Russian Diaspora materials in the André Savine Collection. The name of this database is Russia Beyond Russia (RBR). The presenter plans to propose the creation of a "Global Russia Beyond Russia Digital Library (GRBR)."
Smart Factories: Today, Tomorrow and the Day after Tomorrow
Creators: name: Artemenko, Alexander
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: The main challenges of the first Internet of Things generation were related to communication latency due to high physical and logical distance between end devices and server resources, vulnerability for network problems along the long routes as well as power consumption management. Thanks to the unveiling of the latest wireless technologies like 4G and 5G, WiFi 5 and 6 as well as BLE, the last-mile connection performance - communication latency in particular - is taking a huge leap, and therefore introducing new possibilities for industrial applications. However, many open challenges remain. These include smart and efficient analysis of massive data, automated management of the full life cycle of IoT devices, etc. The newest developments in Artificial Intelligence, massive softwarization and virtualization, technologies beyond 5G and WiFi 6 give hope for the unveiling of new potentials. This talk uncovers the above dynamics.
Aluminum abundances of multiple stellar generations in the globular cluster NGC 1851
Creators: name: Carretta, Eugenio
name: D'Orazi, Valentina
name: Gratton, Raffaele G.
name: Lucatello, Sara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the distribution of aluminum abundances among red giants in the peculiar globular cluster NGC 1851. Aluminum abundances were derived from the strong doublet Al I 8772-8773 A measured on intermediate resolution FLAMES spectra of 50 cluster stars acquired under the Gaia-ESO public survey. We coupled these abundances with previously derived abundance of O, Na, Mg to fully characterize the interplay of the NeNa and MgAl cycles of H-burning at high temperature in the early stellar generation in NGC 1851. The stars in our sample show well defined correlations between Al,Na and Si; Al is anticorrelated with O and Mg. The average value of the [Al/Fe] ratio steadily increases going from the first generation stars to the second generation populations with intermediate and extremely modified composition. We confirm on a larger database the results recently obtained by us (Carretta et al. 2011a): the pattern of abundances of proton-capture elements implies a moderate production of Al in NGC 1851. We find evidence of a statistically significant positive correlation between Al and Ba abundances in the more metal-rich component of red giants in NGC 1851.
description: Astronomy and Astrophysics, in press
Cavity nano-optomechanics: a nanomechanical system in a high finesse optical cavity
Creators: name: Stapfner, Sebastian
name: Favero, Ivan
name: Hunger, David
name: Paulitschke, Philipp
name: Reichel, Jakob
name: Karrai, Khaled
name: Weig, Eva M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The coupling of mechanical oscillators with light has seen a recent surge of interest, as recent reviews report.[1, 2] This coupling is enhanced when confining light in an optical cavity where the mechanical oscillator is integrated as back- mirror or movable wall. At the nano-scale, the optomechanical coupling increases further thanks to a smaller optomechanical interaction volume and reduced mass of the mechanical oscillator. In view of realizing such cavity nano- optomechanics experiments, a scheme was proposed where a sub-wavelength sized nanomechanical oscillator is coupled to a high finesse optical microcavity.[3] Here we present such an experiment involving a single nanomechanical rod precisely positioned into the confined mode of a miniature Fabry-Pérot cavity.[4] We describe the employed stabilized cavity set-up and related finesse measurements. We proceed characterizing the nanorod vibration properties using ultrasonic piezo-actuation methods. Using the optical cavity as a transducer of nanomechanical motion, we monitor optically the piezo-driven nanorod vibration. On top of extending cavity quantum electrodynamics concepts to nanomechanical systems, cavity nano-optomechanics should advance into precision displacement measurements near the standard quantum limit [5], investigation of mechanical systems in their quantum regime, non-linear dynamics [6] and sensing applications.
description: This paper was published in Proc. SPIE 7727, 772706 (2010), and is made available as an electronic reprint with permission of SPIE. Copyright notice added to first page of article
First and Second Waves of Russophone Immigration to the USA
Creators: name: Shmelev, Anatol
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Ethnicity
Slavs

description: The Second Wave of Russian émigrés has often been overlooked by historians. These are people who left the USSR by various paths–some voluntary, some involuntary–during and in the immediate aftermath of the Second World War, and remained in the West. Others emigrated to America in the wake of the Communist takeover of China. Many resettled in the United States, though, like their predecessors, they were also spread across the globe. The Second Wave consisted of various groups: Soviet POWs, members of the Russian Liberation Army (ROA), Ost-arbeiters (Eastern workers), and voluntary émigrés. They might also be expanded to include post-war escapees and defectors. Many, but not all, came under the rubric of “displaced persons” and were given over to UNRRA and the IRO to be cared for until their final resettlement. These lived in camps in the Western zones of Germany and Austria, some in Italy. All of them were united in strong anti-Soviet sentiment, and many had harrowing escapes from forced repatriation at the end of the war. The Second Wave left fewer representations of themselves than did the first, post-revolutionary wave. There are many reasons for this, perhaps the main one being that they feared reprisals against themselves or friends and relatives remaining in the USSR. Nevertheless, they had an impact on culture, politics and society. Some went to work for Radio Liberty or the Voice of America, others for various other government agencies. During the heyday of Soviet studies in the United States during the Cold War years, many found employment in higher education as teachers, scholars and academic staff. Aside from their professional contributions, poets and writers such as Ivan Elagin and Boris Filippov, journalists, painters (Mikhail Cherkashenininov, Sergei Hollerbach) and others left a rich cultural legacy that is only now coming to be appreciated.
Coherent spin dynamics of electrons and holes in semiconductor quantum wells and quantum dots under periodical optical excitation: resonant spin amplification versus spin mode-locking
Creators: name: Yugova, I. A.
name: Glazov, M. M.
name: Yakovlev, D. R.
name: Sokolova, A. A.
name: Bayer, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The coherent spin dynamics of resident carriers, electrons and holes, in semiconductor quantum structures is studied by periodical optical excitation using short laser pulses and in an external magnetic field. The generation and dephasing of spin polarization in an ensemble of carrier spins, for which the relaxation time of individual spins exceeds the repetition period of the laser pulses, are analyzed theoretically. Spin polarization accumulation is manifested either as resonant spin amplification or as mode-locking of carrier spin coherences. It is shown that both regimes have the same origin, while their appearance is determined by the optical pump power and the spread of spin precession frequencies in the ensemble.
Replica Cluster Variational Method: the Replica Symmetric solution for the 2D random bond Ising model
Creators: name: Lage-Castellanos, Alejandro
name: Mulet, Roberto
name: Ricci-Tersenghi, Federico
name: Rizzo, Tommaso
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present and solve the Replica Symmetric equations in the context of the Replica Cluster Variational Method for the 2D random bond Ising model (including the 2D Edwards-Anderson spin glass model). First we solve a linearized version of these equations to obtain the phase diagrams of the model on the square and triangular lattices. In both cases the spin-glass transition temperatures and the tricritical point estimations improve largely over the Bethe predictions. Moreover, we show that this phase diagram is consistent with the behavior of inference algorithms on single instances of the problem. Finally, we present a method to consistently find approximate solutions to the equations in the glassy phase. The method is applied to the triangular lattice down to T=0, also in the presence of an external field.
description: 22 pages, 11 figures
Creating Curricula: Examples from other Transnational, Diasporic, and Area Studies
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Ethnicity
subject: Asians
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: The Politics of the Chinese Diaspora.  My main point will be that political institutions, rules, and norms, will shape both how an immigrant community will access politics and in what ways they will be able to assert or protect their rights as well as having an impact on shaping a community’s very identity. (This thesis is dramatically different from Gabriel Sheffer's argument that culture is an important independent variable, my point is closer to instrumentalist and constructivist view that Sheffer critiques.) For Example: What kinds of organizations (religious, cultural, political, or economic) the community forms and what activities they are able to engage in are directly impacted by legal structures (example of court cases Fong Yue-ting v. US; and Ozawa v. US) ; and identity itself can be "created" by legal categories and labels in various countries.  For example: the US census categories, "Asian" verses "multiracial" vs. "Chinese"; and in Indonesia under Suharto ethnic Chinese knew that their identity cards were coded to reflect their ethnicity, despite assimilationist policies that required ethnic Chinese to take Indonesian family names, and in Malaysia ethnic Chinese can NEVER be "Malay" as defined in the Constitution…
How Much Do Official Price Indexes Tell Us About Inflation?
Creators: name: Handbury, Jessie
name: Watanabe, Tsutomu
name: Weinstein, David E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Economics

description: Official price indexes, such as the CPI, are imperfect indicators of inflation calculated using ad hoc price formulae different from the theoretically well-founded inflation indexes favored by economists. This paper provides the first estimate of how accurately the CPI informs us about “true” inflation. We use the largest price and quantity dataset ever employed in economics to build a Törnqvist inflation index for Japan between 1989 and 2010. Our comparison of this true inflation index with the CPI indicates that the CPI bias is not constant but depends on the level of inflation. We show the informativeness of the CPI rises with inflation. When measured inflation is low (less than 2.4% per year) the CPI is a poor predictor of true inflation even over 12-month periods. Outside this range, the CPI is a much better measure of inflation. We find that the U.S. PCE Deflator methodology is superior to the Japanese CPI methodology but still exhibits substantial measurement error and biases rendering it a problematic predictor of inflation in low inflation regimes as well.
Néel to dimer transition in spin-S antiferromagnets: Comparing bond operator theory with quantum Monte Carlo simulations for bilayer Heisenberg models
Creators: name: Ganesh, R.
name: Isakov, Sergei V.
name: Paramekanti, Arun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Néel to dimer transition driven by interlayer exchange coupling in spin-S Heisenberg antiferromagnets on bilayer square and honeycomb lattices for S=1/2, 1, 3/2. Using exact stochastic series expansion quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) calculations, we find that the critical value of the interlayer coupling, J_{\perp c}[S], increases with increasing S, with clear evidence that the transition is in the O(3) universality class for all S. Using bond operator mean field theory restricted to singlet and triplet states, we find J_{\perp c}[S] ~ S(S+1), in qualitative accord with QMC, but the resulting J_{\perp c} [S] is significantly smaller than the QMC value. For S=1/2, incorporating triplet-triplet interactions within a variational approach yields a critical interlayer coupling which agrees well with QMC. For higher spin, we argue that it is crucial to account for the high energy quintet modes, and show that including these within a perturbative scheme leads to reasonable agreement with QMC results for S=1,3/2. We discuss the broad implications of our results for systems such as the triangular lattice S=1 dimer compound Ba_3Mn_2O_8 and the S=3/2 bilayer honeycomb material Bi_3Mn_4O_{12}(NO_{3}).
description: 14 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables. Updated data, corrected typos, added two paragraphs
Documenting and Preserving Histories and Legacies
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: History
Slavs
International relations

description: At the end of the XIXth century emigration from the Russian Empire began drawing attention of statisticians (N. Borodin, S. Patkanov, O. Kurchevsky et al.) which laid the foundation for further studies and methods for the evaluation of migration processes. Since that time thousands of publications concerning the Diaspora appeared not only in Russia and America, but around the world. To give a brief description of the literature devoted to the topic is a complicated problem which may be divided into three groups: 1) perception of the migration processes in Russia (K. Vobloi, V. Obolensky (Osinsky), L. Bagramov, A. Kiperman, A. Chernenko, E. Nitoburg, et al.); 2) its interpretation by Western scholars and journalists (J. Davis, P. Young, W. Chapin-Huntington, B. Johnston, E. Hassell, M. Raeff, et al.) and 3) émigré self-appraisal (M. Vilchur, L. Sokoloff, A. Simirenko, V. Petrov, I. Okuntsov et al). After 1917 the hegemony of ideology in the works made by Soviet scholars and its rejection by the majority of their émigré and Western colleagues caused difficulties in the mutual enrichment of the researches conducted within and outside Russia which was overcome only after the ending of censorship during "Perestroika" resulted in a boom of original Russian articles and monographs, documents publication, reissue of the émigré literature and works of the Western scholars. The development of scientific exchanges between two countries, new information technologies, especially Internet databases–all broaden the academic dialogue between scholars studying the history of "Russia Abroad".
Russophone Emigrants in the Performing and Visual Arts
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Art
Slavs
Jews

description: Although each wave of Russian artistic emigration to the United States had its own peculiarities, émigré artists of the two major periods of emigration–the 1920s and the 1970s–had to deal with similar issues of cultural assimilation, ethnic distinction in the international art market, and financial survival. While some artists sought to escape the political or religious persecution they had experienced in their native land, others responded to the American promise of creative and/or social emancipation. Despite their range of ethnicities, these artists, who came from all classes of society and practiced many different artistic styles, were all termed "Russian" by the Americans. Among the artists who arrived to the US before the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 were the Soyer brothers, Louis Lozowick, Ben Shan, Mark Rothko, and Max Weber. Many of the artists who came to the United States after the Bolshevik Revolution were already famous and successful in Russia, and they received critical acclaim soon after they arrived to the US. This group of artists included Boris Anisfeld, Boris Grigoriev, Nikolai Fechin, Serge Sudeikin, and David Burliuk. Another group of artists, including Alexander Archipenko, Jacques Lipchitz, and Osip Zadkine, came to the United States via Europe. They have established themselves as important artists while in Paris, and then received an opportunity to create profusely in the United States. (Lipchitz's "Bellerophon Taming Pegasus" dominates the façade of Columbia's Law School building). Under the rule of Joseph Stalin immigration was almost impossible. During the period in Soviet history from the late 1930s to the end of the 1960s, the names of earlier émigré artists were almost erased from the history of Russian art and their work was largely hidden from public view. From 1973, primarily on Jewish visas, some artists were finally permitted to leave the Soviet Union. Although this group of émigré artists was faced with new demands of Capitalist market economy, they received an unprecedented amount of artistic freedom, and direct contact with the Western art world.
Assessing the Impact of Intergroup Contact and Diversity training on Employers’ Hiring Attitudes, Intentions and Behaviours Toward Refugees
Creators: name: Boss, Harrison
Publisher: name: Arts
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: psychology, intergroup contact, diversity training, refugees
subject: Psychology--Industrial
subject: Psychology--Personality
subject: Psychology--Social

description: The aims of this research project are to examine the impact of intergroup contact and diversity training on the general attitudes, hiring attitudes, hiring intentions, and hiring behaviour toward refugees among hirers residing in the United States. Hirers are operationalized as individuals with the final authority to make hiring decisions within their organizations. Refugees are a vulnerable and disadvantaged social group who face a number of barriers to successful employment. Studies exploring refugees in employment contexts are exceedingly rare, but integral to understanding refugee employment outcomes. Based on previous literature, two mediators for why intergroup contact and diversity training may impact attitudes toward social groups were examined: group empathy and intergroup anxiety. A sample of hirers (N = 379) was recruited from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk using a two-step methodology, with the goal of increasing data quality through the reduction of participant misrepresentation. Intergroup contact quantity, intergroup contact quality and diversity training all were associated with general attitudes toward refugees, with intergroup contact quantity/quality both being fully mediated by empathy and intergroup anxiety. The impact of diversity training on general attitudes was fully mediated only by group empathy. When comparing the predictors simultaneously, intergroup contact quality appears to have the strongest relationship on most hiring outcomes. However, hiring intentions were not found to predict hiring behaviour toward refugees. Several explanations for this are explored. Nonetheless, this research provides valuable contributions to knowledge surrounding intergroup contact theory and diversity training, and their relations with hiring of disadvantaged social groups, specifically refugees. Future research on this topic should explore these variables experimentally, to help establish causality and temporal directionality of these variables.
Documenting and Preserving Histories and Legacies
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Library science
Information technology
Slavs

description: Preservation and long-term access to research materials is often achieved through public/private collaboration between repositories of print collections and academic publishers who can compile and disseminate content in new formats, such as microform or a variety of new electronic means to enable scholarly enquiry that might otherwise be impossible. Publishers do not possess collections of content, and academic curators of original print collections do not often have the robust technical or financial tools required for the assembly and proper long-term support of digitized collections. Working together, publishers and their library and archive partners have produced transformational access to corpuses of the largest and smallest scale; serving broad and esoteric research needs alike, and executing projects using both commercial and non-commercial models. This presentation will outline a variety of case studies specific to or with strong relevance to Russophone emigration to demonstrate lessons learned, illustrate the scope of possibilities, including reconstructing whole collections from fragmented holdings of various institutions even among several countries. Attention will be given to the shifting economic realities that guide publishers in their publishing programs, and the factors that make projects optimal candidates for public/private partnership. The exciting new possibilities of emerging technologies will be addressed, as well as the continuing imperatives of true preservation, and what that means in terms of digital content in particular.
Independent Evaluation of a Scientific Data Center for Compliance with the ISO 16363 Requirements for Audit and Certification of Trustworthy Digital Repositories
Creators: name: Downs, Robert R.
name: Chen, Robert S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Information technology
Information science
Cultural property--Protection

description: Scientific data centers and other digital repositories need to continuously improve so that they can meet the challenge of providing stewardship for the scientific data that are used by scientists, policy-makers, educators and their students, and the general public. As part of its efforts to continuously improve its capabilities and services offered to communities that are interested in using scientific data on human interactions in the environment, SEDAC, the NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center, requested an independent test audit to evaluate its compliance with the draft requirements of ISO 16363:2012, the international standard for Audit and Certification of Trustworthy Digital Repositories. SEDAC has conducted various audits through the years as part of its self-improvement efforts. However, obtaining an independent test audit for compliance with the draft metrics in ISO 16363 offers an opportunity to identify ways in which the scientific data center could im! prove its organization and management, its processes for managing and disseminating data, and its systems and security infrastructure. Similarly, when organizations and auditors are authorized to offer certification of trustworthy digital repositories, SEDAC will be better prepared to apply for certification as a result of having been previously audited by independent evaluators for compliance with the draft ISO 16363 metrics.
Sub-Heisenberg estimation strategies are ineffective
Creators: name: Giovannetti, Vittorio
name: Maccone, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In interferometry, sub-Heisenberg strategies claim to achieve a phase estimation error smaller than the inverse of the mean number of photons employed (Heisenberg bound). Here we show that one can achieve a comparable precision without performing any measurement, just using the large prior information that sub-Heisenberg strategies require. For uniform prior (i.e. no prior information), we prove that these strategies cannot achieve more than a fixed gain of about 1.73 over Heisenberg-limited interferometry. Analogous results hold for arbitrary single-mode prior distributions. These results extend also beyond interferometry: the effective error in estimating any parameter is lower bounded by a quantity proportional to the inverse expectation value (above a ground state) of the generator of translations of the parameter.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, revised version that was published
Russophone Emigrant Scientists and Intellectuals in Scholarly Communities
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Slavs

description: Political emigrations from Europe provided the United States with a stream of scholars in the 20th century. Often, these scholars proved to be fundamentally important to the trajectories of American intellectual history. One only has to think about the Frankfurt School to underscore this point. As is the case with the life and physical sciences, German refugees usually come to mind as we think about scholarly émigrés in the humanities. Yet, several Russian scholars in the humanities were of significance in American intellectual and cultural history. Although most academic Russians tended to work on specifically Russian issues, a number of them pursued their fields in a broader intellectual context. The historian Mikhail Rostovtsev, for instance, significantly influenced the field of Greek and Roman history and Classical Studies. The impact of the work of the economists Wasily Leontieff, Studenski, Haensel, Simon Kuznets, Garvey, Marschak, and Wladimir Woytinski and their students is felt to this day. Two scholars, however, stand out from the group of Russian émigrés in the 20th century due to their impact on American intellectual life. One is Pitirim Aleksandrovich Sorokin, who served as a professor of sociology at Minnesota from 1924 to 1930, and as a professor of sociology at Harvard from 1930 to 1959. Sorokin, widely viewed as an opponent of Talcott Parsons, articulated an idealist form of sociology broadly in line with the Russian philosophical tradition. The second scholar from Russia who had a profound impact in the United States was Roman Osipovich Jakobson. An extraordinarily prolific writer, teacher and scholar, Jakobson not only helped establish Slavic studies in the US but also contributed to the importation of Russian formalism into the US academic circles. Moreover, it was on American soil that Jakobson translated Russian and Central European versions of the emerging structuralism to Claude Levi-Strauss, thus spearheading the rise of structuralism in Europe. (His brother Sergius was the longtime head of the European Division at the Library of Congress). My presentation will focus on these two scholars and their contributions, as well as on the less commonly discussed issue of their imperial origins. Both Jakobson and Sorokin, albeit undoubtedly part of the Russian cultural world and self-identified Russians, shared in that they both were of minority origin. Jakobson, a son of a wealthy Jewish family in Moscow, was trained initially at the Lazarev Institute for Oriental languages, a school designed to acculturate children of Caucasian and generally Asian notables into Russian imperial milieus. Sorokin on the other hand, belonged to the Finno-Ugric ethnic group of Zyriane (contemporary Komi) in the North of European Russia, and was educated by Orthodox missionaries.
Plasmon dispersion in semimetallic armchair graphene nanoribbons
Creators: name: Andersen, David R.
name: Raza, Hassan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dispersion relations for plasmons in intrinsic and extrinsic semimetallic armchair graphene nanoribbons (acGNR) are calculated in the random phase approximation using the orthogonal p_z-orbital tight binding method. Our model predicts new plasmons for acGNR of odd atomic widths N=5,11,17,... Our model further predicts plasmons in acGNR of even atomic width N=2,8,14,... related to those found using a Dirac continuum model, but with different quantitative dispersion characteristics. We find that the dispersion of all plasmons in semimetallic acGNR depends strongly on the localization of the p_z electronic wavefunctions. We also find that overlap integrals for acGNR behave in a more complex way than predicted by the Dirac continuum model, suggesting that these plasmons will experience a small damping for all q not equal to 0. Plasmons in extrinsic semimetallic acGNR with the chemical potential in the lowest (highest) conduction (valence) band are found to have dispersion characteristics nearly identical to their intrinsic counterparts, with negligible differencs in dispersion arising from the slight differences in overlap integrals for the interband and intraband transitions.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures
On Effectiveness of Traffic Analysis Against Anonymity Networks Using Netflow
Creators: name: Chakravarty, Sambuddho
name: Polychronakis, Michalis
name: Portokalidis, Georgios
name: Barbera, Marco V.
name: Keromytis, Angelos D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Computer science

description: Low-latency anonymity preserving networks, such as Tor, are geared towards preserving anonymity of users of semi-interactive Internet applications such as web and instant messaging. In an attempt to maintain users' quality of service, such systems maintain packet inter-arrival characteristics (such as inter-packet delay). Thus, an adversary having access traffic patterns at various points of the Tor network can observer similarities in these patterns, and discover a relationship between otherwise apparently unrelated network connections. Such attacks are commonly known as Traffic Analysis attacks. In the past, various traffic analysis attacks against Tor have been explored. Most modern networking equipment have traffic monitoring subsystems built into them, e.g. Cisco's Netflow. An adversary could potentially utilize the network statistics, derived from such subsystems, to launch traffic analysis attacks. In the paper "Sampled Traffic Analysis by Internet-Exchange-Level Adversaries," Murdoch and Zielinski presented two novel contributions -- 1) a case study to show that a very small number of Internet Exchanges (IXes) intercept and could thus monitor a significant fractions of network paths from Tor nodes to various popular Internet destinations and 2) a mathematical model to classify and de-anonymize anonymous traffic. Our research complements their efforts. We focus on the possible "next-step" of the problem, viz. evaluating the feasibility and effectiveness of practical traffic analysis, using Netflow data, to determine the source of anonymous traffic. We present an active traffic analysis method that involves deliberately modulating the traffic characteristics by perturbing entering the Tor network, and observing a similar perturbation in the the traffic leaving the network. Our method relies on statistical correlation to observe such perturbations. We evaluate the accuracy of our method in both an controlled lab environment and using data gathered from a public Tor relay, serving several hundreds of Tor users. In the in-lab tests, we achieved an accuracy of 100 percent in being able to identify the source of anonymous traffic. In case of tests involving data from the public Tor relay, we achieved an overall accuracy of about 80 percent.
Understanding Role Transitions: Bedside to Boardroom
Creators: name: Gauthier, Whitney
Publisher: name: Nursing
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Business Administration--Management
subject: Health Care Management
subject: Nursing
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: The nurse manager (NM) role is an increasingly complex and vital role, providing a link between patients, staff, and the larger health system. Experienced nurses who demonstrate clinical expertise are often promoted to the NM role without prior leadership experience or training. As such, the transition from frontline nursing into this role can present significant challenges, leading to decreased job satisfaction, attrition, and poor staff and patient outcomes. Five new NMs were interviewed to gain an understanding of their experience with role transition. Based upon these conversations, this study found that moving from a frontline nursing role to that of an NM presented unique challenges in terms of negotiating a new professional identity, shifting personal and professional relationships, and setting reasonable expectations and boundaries within a new and unfamiliar context. Keywords: nurse manager, leadership, role, transition, professional identity