Management of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: WHO guidelines for low tuberculosis burden countries
Creators: name: Getahun, Haileyesus
name: Matteelli, Alberto
name: Abubakar, Ibrahim
name: Aziz, Mohamed Abdel
name: Baddeley, Annabel
name: Barreira, Draurio
name: Boon, Saskia Den
name: Gutierrez, Susana Marta Borroto
name: Bruchfeld, Judith
name: Burhan, Erlina
name: Cavalcante, Solange
name: Cedillos, Rolando
name: Chaisson, Richard
name: Chee, Cynthia Bin-Eng
name: Chesire, Lucy
name: Corbett, Elizabeth
name: Dara, Masoud
name: Denholm, Justin
name: de Vries, Gerard
name: Falzon, Dennis
name: Ford, Nathan
name: Gale-Rowe, Margaret
name: Gilpin, Chris
name: Girardi, Enrico
name: Go, Un-Yeong
name: Govindasamy, Darshini
name: Grant, Alison D
name: Grzemska, Malgorzata
name: Harris, Ross
name: Horsburgh, C Robert
name: Ismayilov, Asker
name: Jaramillo, Ernesto
name: Kik, Sandra
name: Kranzer, Katharina
name: Lienhardt, Christian
name: LoBue, Philip
name: Lönnroth, Knut
name: Marks, Guy
name: Menzies, Dick
name: Migliori, Giovanni Battista
name: Mosca, Davide
name: Mukadi, Ya Diul
name: Mwinga, Alwyn
name: Nelson, Lisa
name: Nishikiori, Nobuyuki
name: Oordt-Speets, Anouk
name: Rangaka, Molebogeng Xheedha
name: Reis, Andreas
name: Rotz, Lisa
name: Sandgren, Andreas
name: Schepisi, Monica Sañé
name: Schünemann, Holger J
name: Sharma, Surender Kumar
name: Sotgiu, Giovanni
name: Stagg, Helen R
name: Sterling, Timothy R
name: Tayeb, Tamara
name: Uplekar, Mukund
name: van der Werf, Marieke J
name: Vandevelde, Wim
name: van Kessel, Femke
name: Hoog, Anna Van't
name: Varma, Jay K
name: Vezhnina, Natalia
name: Voniatis, Constantia
name: Noordegraaf-Schouten, Marije Vonk
name: Weil, Diana
name: Weyer, Karin
name: Wilkinson, Robert John
name: Yoshiyama, Takashi
name: Zellweger, Jean Pierre
name: Raviglione, Mario
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Model organisms
subject: Infectious Disease
subject: Human Biology &amp; Physiology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is characterised by the presence of immune responses to previously acquired Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection without clinical evidence of active tuberculosis (TB). Here we report evidence-based guidelines from the World Health Organization for a public health approach to the management of LTBI in high risk individuals in countries with high or middle upper income and TB incidence of &lt;100 per 100 000 per year. The guidelines strongly recommend systematic testing and treatment of LTBI in people living with HIV, adult and child contacts of pulmonary TB cases, patients initiating anti-tumour necrosis factor treatment, patients receiving dialysis, patients preparing for organ or haematological transplantation, and patients with silicosis. In prisoners, healthcare workers, immigrants from high TB burden countries, homeless persons and illicit drug users, systematic testing and treatment of LTBI is conditionally recommended, according to TB epidemiology and resource availability. Either commercial interferon-gamma release assays or Mantoux tuberculin skin testing could be used to test for LTBI. Chest radiography should be performed before LTBI treatment to rule out active TB disease. Recommended treatment regimens for LTBI include: 6 or 9 month isoniazid; 12 week rifapentine plus isoniazid; 3-4 month isoniazid plus rifampicin; or 3-4 month rifampicin alone.