cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
An analysis of screen-detected invasive cancers by grade in the English breast cancer screening programme: are we failing to detect sufficient small grade 3 cancers?
Creators: name: Blanks, R. G.
name: Wallis, M. G.
name: Alison, R. J.
name: Given-Wilson, R. M.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Breast
Breast cancer
Screening
Mammography
Sensitivity, cancer grade

description: Abstract: Objective: Randomised controlled trials have shown a reduction in breast cancer mortality from mammography screening and it is the detection of high-grade invasive cancers that is responsible for much of this effect. We determined the detection rates of invasive cancers by grade, size and type of screen and estimated relative sensitivities with emphasis on grade 3 detection. Methods: This observational study analysed data from over 11 million screening episodes (67,681 invasive cancers) from the English NHS breast screening programme over seven screening years 2009/2010 to 2015/2016 for women aged 45–70. Results: At prevalent (first) screens (which are unaffected by screening interval), the detection rate of small (< 15 mm) invasive cancers was 0.95 per 1000 for grade 1, but for grade 3 only 0.30 per 1000. The ratio of small (< 15 mm) to large (≥ 15 mm) cancers was 1.8:1 for grade 1 but reversed to 0.5:1 for grade 3. We estimated that the relative sensitivity for grade 3 invasive cancers was 52% of that for grade 1 and the relative sensitivity for small (< 15 mm) grade 3 only 26% of that for small (< 15 mm) grade 1 invasive cancers. Conclusions: Sensitivity for small grade 3 invasive cancers is poor compared with that for grade 1 and 2 invasive cancers and larger grade 3 malignancies. This observation is likely a limitation of the current technology related to the absence of identifiable mammographic features for small high-grade cancers. Future work should focus on technologies and strategies to improve detection of these clinically most significant cancers. Key Points: • The detection of small high-grade invasive cancers is vital to reduce breast cancer mortality. • We estimate the sensitivity for small grade 3 invasive cancers may be only 26% of that of small grade 1 invasive cancers. This is likely to be associated with the non-specific mammographic features for these cancers. • New technologies and appropriate strategies using current technology are required to maximise the detection of small grade 3 invasive cancers.
Towards a Novel Cooperative Logistics Information System Framework
Creators: name: Zaidi, Fares
name: Amanton, Laurent
name: Sanlaville, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Supply Chains and Logistics have a growing importance in global economy. Supply Chain Information Systems over the world are heterogeneous and each one can both produce and receive massive amounts of structured and unstructured data in real-time, which are usually generated by information systems, connected objects or manually by humans. This heterogeneity is due to Logistics Information Systems components and processes that are developed by different modelling methods and running on many platforms; hence, decision making process is difficult in such multi-actor environment. In this paper we identify some current challenges and integration issues between separately designed Logistics Information Systems (LIS), and we propose a Distributed Cooperative Logistics Platform (DCLP) framework based on NoSQL, which facilitates real-time cooperation between stakeholders and improves decision making process in a multi-actor environment. We included also a case study of Hospital Supply Chain (HSC), and a brief discussion on perspectives and future scope of work.
Solvable model for electrolytic soap films: the two-dimensional two-component plasma
Creators: name: Tellez, Gabriel
name: Merchan, Lina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a toy model for electrolytic soap films, the two-dimensional two-component plasma. This model is exactly solvable for a special value of the coulombic coupling constant $βq^2=2$. This allows us to compute the disjoining pressure of a film and to study its stability. We found that the Coulomb interaction plays an important role in this stability. Also the adhesivity that measures the attraction of soap anions to the boundaries is very important. For large adhesivity the film is stable, whereas for small adhesivity a collapse could occur. We also study the density and correlations in the film. The charge density near the boundary shows a double layered profile. We show that the charge correlations verify a certain number of sum rules.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures
MOESM1 of Protective role of berberine in isoprenaline-induced cardiac fibrosis in rats
Creators: name: Che, Yan
name: Di-Fei Shen
name: Wang, Zhao-Peng
name: Ya-Ge Jin
name: Wu, Qing-Qing
name: Wang, Sha-Sha
name: Yuan, Yuan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. BW in the indicated groups at baseline indicating that there are no significant differences of BW among the groups at the beginning of the experiment.
Untitled Item
Creators: name: Magnani, Cecilia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 20299 Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 20202 Nuclear Physics
subject: Nuclear Chemistry
subject: 60402 Cell and Nuclear Division
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Qui parlo di Fermi della sua storia dei suoi studi e delle sue idee innovative che hanno rivoluzionato il mondo.
MOESM8 of Use of fusion transcription factors to reprogram cellulase transcription and enable efficient cellulase production in Trichoderma reesei
Creators: name: Fangzhong Wang
name: Ruiqin Zhang
name: Lijuan Han
name: Guo, Wei
name: Zhiqiang Du
name: Kangle Niu
name: Yucui Liu
name: Chunjiang Jia
name: Fang, Xu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 8: Table S1. T. reesei strains used in this study.
Subtraction method for NLO corrections in Monte-Carlo event generators for Z boson production
Creators: name: Chen, Y.
name: Collins, J.
name: Tkachuk, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a subtraction method to construct NLO corrections in a Monte-Carlo event generator for the case of vector boson production in Drell-Yan processes. Our calculations are carried out both for the Bengtsson-Sjostrand-van Zijl (BSZ) algorithm and for a modified algorithm proposed by Collins. In the case of the modified algorithm, we compute the relation between the parton distribution functions and the ones in the MSbar scheme; this relation is the same as the corresponding relation for DIS. For the BSZ algorithm, we show that there is no simple relation.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures, JHEP class. Misprints corrected
Neurodegenerative Disease and the NLRP3 Inflammasome
Creators: name: Holbrook, Jonathan A.
name: Jarosz-Griffiths, Heledd H.
name: Caseley, Emily
name: Lara-Reyna, Samuel
name: Poulter, James A.
name: Williams-Gray, Caroline H.
name: Peckham, Daniel
name: McDermott, Michael F.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Pharmacology
neurodegenerative disease
NLRP3 inflammasome
Alzheimer's disease
Parkinson’s disease
neuroinflammation
inflammation

description: The prevalence of neurodegenerative disease has increased significantly in recent years, and with a rapidly aging global population, this trend is expected to continue. These diseases are characterised by a progressive neuronal loss in the brain or peripheral nervous system, and generally involve protein aggregation, as well as metabolic abnormalities and immune dysregulation. Although the vast majority of neurodegeneration is idiopathic, there are many known genetic and environmental triggers. In the past decade, research exploring low-grade systemic inflammation and its impact on the development and progression of neurodegenerative disease has increased. A particular research focus has been whether systemic inflammation arises only as a secondary effect of disease or is also a cause of pathology. The inflammasomes, and more specifically the NLRP3 inflammasome, a crucial component of the innate immune system, is usually activated in response to infection or tissue damage. Dysregulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome has been implicated in the progression of several neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and prion diseases. This review aims to summarise current literature on the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, and recent work investigating NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition as a potential future therapy.
Neutrinos Associated With Cosmic Rays of Top-Down Origin
Creators: name: Barbot, C.
name: Drees, M.
name: Halzen, F.
name: Hooper, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Top-down models of cosmic rays produce more neutrinos than photons and more photons than protons. In these models, we reevaluate the fluxes of neutrinos associated with the highest energy cosmic rays in light of mounting evidence that they are protons and not gamma rays. While proton dominance at EeV energies can possibly be achieved by efficient absorption of the dominant high-energy photon flux on universal and galactic photon and magnetic background fields, we show that the associated neutrino flux is inevitably increased to a level where it should be within reach of operating experiments such as AMANDA II, RICE and AGASA. In future neutrino telescopes, tens to a hundred, rather than a few neutrinos per kilometer squared per year, may be detected above 1 PeV.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures
Three dimensional projection effects on chemistry in a Planck galactic cold clump
Creators: name: Ge, J. X.
name: Mardones, Diego
name: He, J. H.
name: Rawlings, Jonathan M C
name: Liu, Sheng-Yuan
name: Lee, Jeong-Eun
name: Tatematsu, Ken'ichi
name: Liu, Tie
name: Zhu, Lei
name: Chang, Qiang
name: Inostroza, Natalia
name: Feng, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Offsets of molecular line emission peaks from continuum peaks are very common but frequently difficult to explain with a single spherical cloud chemical model. We propose that the spatial projection effects of an irregular three dimensional (3D) cloud structure can be a solution. This work shows that the idea can be successfully applied to the Planck cold clump G224.4-0.6 by approximating it with four individual spherically symmetric cloud cores whose chemical patterns overlap with each other to produce observable line maps. With the empirical physical structures inferred from the observation data of this clump and a gas-grain chemical model, the four cores can satisfactorily reproduce its 850 $μ$m continuum map and the diverse peak offsets of CCS, HC$_3$N and N$_2$H$^+$ simultaneously at chemical ages of about $8\times 10^5\sim 3\times 10^6$ yrs. The 3D projection effects on chemistry has the potential to explain such asymmetrical distributions of chemicals in many other molecular clouds.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 17 pages, 11 figures, 3 tables
Conditional Probability Distributions of Finite Absorbing Quantum Walks
Creators: name: Kuklinski, Parker
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum walks are known to have nontrivial interactions with absorbing boundaries. In particular it has been shown that an absorbing boundary in the one dimensional quantum walk partially reflects information, as observed by absorption probability computations. In this paper, we shift our sights from the local phenomena of absorption probabilities to the global behavior of finite absorbing quantum walks in one dimension. We conduct our analysis by approximating the eigenbasis of the associated absorbing quantum walk operator matrix Q_n where n is the lattice size. The conditional probability distributions of these finite absorbing quantum walks exhibit distinct behavior at various timescales, namely wavelike reflections for t = O(n), fractional quantum revivals for t = O(n^2), and stability for t = O(n^3). At the end of this paper, we demonstrate the existence of these quantum revivals in other sufficiently regular quantum walk systems.
Intelligent Reflecting Surface-Enhanced OFDM: Channel Estimation and Reflection Optimization
Creators: name: Zheng, Beixiong
name: Zhang, Rui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In the intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-enhanced wireless communication system, channel state information (CSI) is of paramount importance for achieving the passive beamforming gain of IRS, which, however, is a practically challenging task due to its massive number of passive elements without transmitting/receiving capabilities. In this letter, we propose a practical transmission protocol to execute channel estimation and reflection optimization successively for an IRS-enhanced orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system. Under the unit-modulus constraint, a novel reflection pattern at the IRS is designed to aid the channel estimation at the access point (AP) based on the received pilot signals from the user, for which the channel estimation error is derived in closed-form. With the estimated CSI, the reflection coefficients are then optimized by a low-complexity algorithm based on the resolved strongest signal path in the time domain. Simulation results corroborate the effectiveness of the proposed channel estimation and reflection optimization methods.
description: Early Access in IEEE Wireless Communications Letters. Please refer to "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8937491/". In this work, we propose practical a practical transmission protocol to execute optimal channel estimation and reflection optimization successively for an IRS-enhanced OFDM system, which is also applicable to the narrow-band IRS system
FORMULATING AND ESTIMATING DYNAMIC STOCHASTIC PRODUCTION MODELS
Creators: name: Antle, John M.
name: Havenner, Arthur
name: Antle, John M.
name: Havenner, Arthur
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1983
Subjects: Production Economics

description: Both the dynamic and stochastic aspects of economic life are increasingly being recognized and incorporated in current analytics. In this paper we examine these aspects in production models, with the aim of achieving the following goals: (i) Unifying the various existing efforts into one more general analytic framework; (ii) Evaluating the tractability of the two dominant functional forms in the presence of dynamics and uncertainty; (iii) Exhaustively analyzing the estimation issues of the general form in stochastic multiperiod and multistage problems with observable and unobservable intermediate outputs; (iv) Determining the conditions under which production function and factor demand estimation is separable, i.e., when knowledge of the production process is not required for efficient factor demand estimation, and vice-versa; (v) Examining the existence of analytic factor demands in the general dynamic stochastic model; and finally, (vi) Providing alternative conditions that lead to an assortment of tractable, estimable models for empirical use. We are encouraged by the conclusion that, subject to avoiding certain pitfalls, the general production model can be extended to include both multiple periods and uncertainty, with increased empirical relevance.
Chtoucas de Drinfeld, formule des traces d'Arthur-Selberg et correspondance de Langlands
Creators: name: Lafforgue, Laurent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11F, 11F52, 11F60, 11F66, 11F70, 11F72, 11F80, 11R39, 14G35, 14H60, 22E55

description: Cet exposé est consacré à la preuve de la correspondance de Langlands pour les groupes $\GL_r$ sur les corps de fonctions. ----- This article is devoted to the proof of the Langlands correspondence for the groups $GL_r$ over function fields.
Conceptualising post-stroke fatigue: a cross-sectional survey of UK-based physiotherapists and occupational therapists
Creators: name: Thomas, Karen
name: Hjalmarsson, Clarissa
name: Mullis, Ricky
name: Mant, Jonathan
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Qualitative research
1506
1725
stroke
fatigue
rehabilitation
qualitative research
healthcare professional

description: Funder: Malati Kanbur Studentship Award
description: With survival after stroke improving, more people are discharged into the community with multiple and persistent deficits. Fatigue is a common unmet need for stroke survivors, but there are no evidence-based guidelines for its assessment and management. This study explored how UK-based therapists conceptualise post-stroke fatigue (PSF) in current practice. Objective: To describe current understanding of PSF among physiotherapists (PT) and occupational therapists (OT). Design: A cross-sectional online survey using Qualtrics software (a survey creation and analysis programme) was sent to therapists working with stroke survivors in 2019. Responses to the open ended question, ‘How would you describe PSF if approached by another healthcare professional?’ were analysed thematically by two independent researchers. Participants: 137 survey respondents (71 PT and 66 OT) from a range of clinical settings (25 acute care, 24 sub-acute rehabilitation care, 3 primary care and 85 community care) with 7 months-36 years of experience working with stroke survivors completed the survey. Results: Respondents stated that PSF should be regarded as an important medical condition because it is common and can be associated with severe symptoms. Symptoms were perceived to be highly variable and the syndrome was difficult to define objectively. It was felt to have both physical and cognitive components. A variety of different opinions were expressed with regard to causation, conceptualisation and best management. Conclusion: Therapists working with stroke survivors conceptualise and manage PSF in different ways. Clinical practice is hampered by a lack of a widely adopted definition, and a small evidence base. Research into causes and management of PSF is a priority.
Physical distancing interventions and incidence of coronavirus disease 2019: natural experiment in 149 countries
Creators: name: Islam, Nazrul
name: Sharp, Stephen J
name: Chowell, Gerardo
name: Shabnam, Sharmin
name: Kawachi, Ichiro
name: Lacey, Ben
name: Massaro, Joseph M
name: D’Agostino, Ralph B
name: White, Martin
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Research

description: Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the association between physical distancing interventions and incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) globally. Design: Natural experiment using interrupted time series analysis, with results synthesised using meta-analysis. Setting: 149 countries or regions, with data on daily reported cases of covid-19 from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control and data on the physical distancing policies from the Oxford covid-19 Government Response Tracker. Participants: Individual countries or regions that implemented one of the five physical distancing interventions (closures of schools, workplaces, and public transport, restrictions on mass gatherings and public events, and restrictions on movement (lockdowns)) between 1 January and 30 May 2020. Main outcome measure: Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of covid-19 before and after implementation of physical distancing interventions, estimated using data to 30 May 2020 or 30 days post-intervention, whichever occurred first. IRRs were synthesised across countries using random effects meta-analysis. Results: On average, implementation of any physical distancing intervention was associated with an overall reduction in covid-19 incidence of 13% (IRR 0.87, 95% confidence interval 0.85 to 0.89; n=149 countries). Closure of public transport was not associated with any additional reduction in covid-19 incidence when the other four physical distancing interventions were in place (pooled IRR with and without public transport closure was 0.85, 0.82 to 0.88; n=72, and 0.87, 0.84 to 0.91; n=32, respectively). Data from 11 countries also suggested similar overall effectiveness (pooled IRR 0.85, 0.81 to 0.89) when school closures, workplace closures, and restrictions on mass gatherings were in place. In terms of sequence of interventions, earlier implementation of lockdown was associated with a larger reduction in covid-19 incidence (pooled IRR 0.86, 0.84 to 0.89; n=105) compared with a delayed implementation of lockdown after other physical distancing interventions were in place (pooled IRR 0.90, 0.87 to 0.94; n=41). Conclusions: Physical distancing interventions were associated with reductions in the incidence of covid-19 globally. No evidence was found of an additional effect of public transport closure when the other four physical distancing measures were in place. Earlier implementation of lockdown was associated with a larger reduction in the incidence of covid-19. These findings might support policy decisions as countries prepare to impose or lift physical distancing measures in current or future epidemic waves.
Semi-empirical metallicity calibrations based on ultraviolet emission lines of type-2 AGNs
Creators: name: Dors, O. L.
name: Monteiro, A. F.
name: Cardaci, M. V.
name: Hagele, G. F.
name: Krabbe, A. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derived two semi-empirical calibrations between the metallicity of the Narrow Line Region (NLR) of type-2 Active Galactic Nuclei and the rest-frame of the N V$λ$1240/He II$\lambda1640$, C43=log[(C IV$\lambda1549$+C III]$\lambda1909$)/HeII$\lambda1640$] and C III]$\lambda1909$/C IV$\lambda1549$ emission-line intensity ratios. A metallicity-independent calibration between the ionization parameter and the C III]$\lambda1909$/C IV$\lambda1549$ emission-lines ratio was also derived. These calibrations were obtained comparing ratios of measured UV emission-line intensities, compiled from the literature, for a sample of 77 objects (redshift $0 \: < \: z \: < \: 3.8$) with those predicted by a grid of photoionization models built with the Cloudy code. Using the derived calibrations, it was possible to show that the metallicity estimations for NLRs are lower by a factor of about 2-3 than those for Broad Line Regions (BLRs). Besides we confirmed the recent result of the existence of a relation between the stellar mass of the host galaxy and its NLR metallicity. We also derived a $M-Z$ relation for the objects in our sample at $1.6 \: < \: z \: < \: 3.8$. This relation seems to follow the same trend as the ones estimated for Star Forming galaxies of similar high redshifts but for higher masses.
description: 15 pages, MNRAS accepted
Ratchet-Induced Segregation and Transport of Non-Spherical Grains
Creators: name: Wambaugh, J. F.
name: Reichhardt, C.
name: Olson, C. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider through simulations the behavior of elongated grains on a vibrating ratchet-shaped base. We observe differences in layer velocity profile and in net grain velocity for grains that are composed of one, two, or three colinear spheres. In the case of mixtures of different species of grains, we demonstrate layer-by-layer variation in the average velocity as well as layer segregation of species, and show that horizontal separation of the species can be achieved using this geometry. We also find that the addition of a small number of shorter grains to a sample of long grains provides a lubrication effect that increases the velocity of the long grains.
description: 8 pages, 7 postscript figures
The influence of diversity on the measurement of functional impairment: An international validation of the Amsterdam IADL Questionnaire in 8 countries
Creators: name: Dubbelman, Mark A.
name: Verrijp, Merike
name: Facal, David
name: Sánchez-Benavides, Gonzalo
name: Brown, Laura J. E.
name: van der Flier, Wiesje M.
name: Jokinen, Hanna
name: Lee, Athene
name: Leroi, Iracema
name: Lojo-Seoane, Cristina
name: Milosevic, Vuk
name: Molinuevo, José Luís
name: Rozas, Arturo X. Pereiro
name: Ritchie, Craig
name: Salloway, Stephen
name: Stringer, Gemma
name: Zygouris, Stelios
name: Dubois, Bruno
name: Epelbaum, Stéphane
name: Scheltens, Philip
name: Sikkes, Sietske A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: INTRODUCTION: To understand the potential influence of diversity on the measurement of functional impairment in dementia, we aimed to investigate possible bias caused by age, gender, education, and cultural differences. METHODS: 3,571 individuals (67.1 {\pm} 9.5 years old, 44.7% female) from the Netherlands, Spain, France, United States, United Kingdom, Greece, Serbia and Finland were included. Functional impairment was measured using the Amsterdam IADL Questionnaire. Item bias was assessed using differential item functioning (DIF) analysis. RESULTS: There were some differences in activity endorsement. A few items showed statistically significant DIF. However, there was no evidence of meaningful item bias: effect sizes were low (ΔR2 range 0-0.03). Impact on total scores was minimal. DISCUSSION: The results imply a limited bias for age, gender, education and culture in the measurement of functional impairment. This study provides an important step in recognizing the potential influence of diversity on primary outcomes in dementia research.
Prisons, Population, and Jobs in Nonmetro America
Creators: name: Beale, Calvin L.
name: Beale, Calvin L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1992
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Labor and Human Capital

description: Has the punishment of urban crime become a rural growth industry? The prison population has more than doubled since 1980, and nonmetro areas are receiving more new prisons and housing more inmates than are metro areas. Government preference to build new facilities in campus-like settings with ample acreage, combined with the willingness of rural communities to accept prisons for their employment, has produced this trend.
The Evolution of Luminous Red Nova AT 2017jfs in NGC 4470
Creators: name: Pastorello, A.
name: Chen, T. -W.
name: Cai, Y. -Z.
name: Morales-Garoffolo, A.
name: Cano, Z.
name: Mason, E.
name: Barsukova, E. A.
name: Benetti, S.
name: Berton, M.
name: Bose, S.
name: Bufano, F.
name: Callis, E.
name: Cannizzaro, G.
name: Cartier, R.
name: Chen, Ping
name: Dong, Subo
name: Dyrbye, S.
name: Elias-Rosa, N.
name: Floers, A.
name: Fraser, M.
name: Geier, S.
name: Goranskij, V. P.
name: Kann, D. A.
name: Kuncarayakti, H.
name: Onori, F.
name: Reguitti, A.
name: Reynolds, T.
name: Losada, I. R.
name: Carracedo, A. Sagues
name: Schweyer, T.
name: Smartt, S. J.
name: Tatarnikov, A. M.
name: Valeev, A. F.
name: Vogl, C.
name: Wevers, T.
name: Postigo, A. de Ugarte
name: Izzo, L.
name: Inserra, C.
name: Kankare, E.
name: Maguire, K.
name: Smith, K. W.
name: Stalder, B.
name: Tartaglia, L.
name: Thoene, C. C.
name: Valerin, G.
name: Young, D. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of our photometric and spectroscopic follow-up of the intermediate-luminosity optical transient AT 2017jfs. At peak, the object reaches an absolute magnitude of Mg=-15.46+-0.15 mag and a bolometric luminosity of 5.5x10^41 erg/s. Its light curve has the double-peak shape typical of Luminous Red Novae (LRNe), with a narrow first peak bright in the blue bands, while the second peak is longer lasting and more luminous in the red and near-infrared (NIR) bands. During the first peak, the spectrum shows a blue continuum with narrow emission lines of H and Fe II. During the second peak, the spectrum becomes cooler, resembling that of a K-type star, and the emission lines are replaced by a forest of narrow lines in absorption. About 5 months later, while the optical light curves are characterized by a fast linear decline, the NIR ones show a moderate rebrightening, observed until the transient disappeared in solar conjunction. At these late epochs, the spectrum becomes reminiscent of that of M-type stars, with prominent molecular absorption bands. The late-time properties suggest the formation of some dust in the expanding common envelope or an IR echo from foreground pre-existing dust. We propose that the object is a common-envelope transient, possibly the outcome of a merging event in a massive binary, similar to NGC4490-2011OT1.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, 2 Tables (incl. one on-line). Published in A&A Letters
Additional file 1 of Association between maternal marginalization and infants born with congenital heart disease in Ontario Canada
Creators: name: Miao, Qun
name: Dunn, Sandra
name: Wen, Shi Wu
name: Lougheed, Jane
name: Yang, Phoebe
name: Davies, Michael
name: Venegas, Carolina Lavin
name: Walker, Mark
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
Some semi-classical issues in boundary sine-Gordon model
Creators: name: Kormos, M.
name: Palla, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The semi-classical quantisation of the two lowest energy static solutions of boundary sine-Gordon model is considered. A relation between the Lagrangian and bootstrap parameters is established by comparing their quantum corrected energy difference and the exact one. This relation is also confirmed by studying the semi-classical limit of soliton reflections on the boundary.
description: 22 pages, references updated
Mandatory Country of Origin Labeling Induced Structural Change of U.S. Meat Products
Creators: name: Yeboah, Osei
name: Naanwaab, Cephas B.
name: Otchere, Richmond
name: Yeboah, Osei
name: Naanwaab, Cephas B.
name: Otchere, Richmond
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Country of Origin Labeling
subject: Source Differentiated Almost Ideal Demand System
subject: Chow Test.

description: Country of Origin Labeling (COOL) for meat products have been a debated subject since its implementation in March, 2009. While advocates of COOL suggest it provides valuable information to consumers, opponents on the other hand claim it imposes unnecessary cost on consumers and distort trade in affected commodities. This paper applies a Source Differentiated Almost Ideal Demand System to estimate mandatory COOL induced Structural Change in U.S. imported meat products. Included in the model is a system of equations setting consisting of beef, pork and lamb. The results show an elastic own price for beef from all countries except Canada. Pork from Canada, Denmark and Mexico; and lamb from Australia and New Zealand; has an inelastic own price. The initial impact of COOL resulted in a decline in the imports of the three meat products. Also, the Pre and Post COOL analyses show declined expenditures on all meat types from all the sources. The chow test performed indicates a structural change in all the meat types from all the sources with the exception of beef from Canada and Pork from Denmark. COOL appears to have had mixed effect on U.S. meat imports based on the source of origin of each meat type.
Chiral-spin symmetry of the meson spectral function above $T_c$
Creators: name: Rohrhofer, C.
name: Aoki, Y.
name: Glozman, L. Ya.
name: Hashimoto, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, via calculation of spatial correlators of $J=0,1$ isovector operators using a chirally symmetric Dirac operator within $N_F=2$ QCD, it has been found that QCD at temperatures $T_c - 3 T_c$ is approximately $SU(2)_{CS}$ and $SU(4)$ symmetric. The latter symmetry suggests that the physical degrees of freedom are chirally symmetric quarks bound by the chromoelectric field into color singlet objects without chromomagnetic effects. This regime of QCD has been referred to as a Stringy Fluid. Here we calculate correlators for propagation in time direction at a temperature slightly above $T_c$ and find the same approximate symmetries. This means that the meson spectral function is chiral-spin and $SU(4)$ symmetric.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures. Version published by PLB
Bounds on flavour violating parameters in supersymmetry
Creators: name: Besmer, Thomas
name: Greub, Christoph
name: Hurth, Tobias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the constraints on the flavour violating parameters from the decay B --> X_s gamma, taking into account the interplay of the various sources of flavour violation in the unconstrained MSSM. We present a systematic leading logarithmic QCD analysis of these model-independent constraints, including contributions from gluinos, neutralinos, charginos, charged Higgs bosons and interferences between them. We show that two simple combinations of elements of the down squark mass matrix are stringently bounded over large parts of the parameter space where only weak assumptions on the hierarchical structure of the squark mass matrices are made. We also briefly analyse up to which values SUSY contributions, compatible with B --> X_s gamma, can enhance the Wilson coefficient C_8(m_W), which plays an important role in the phenomenology of charmless hadronic B decays.
description: 29 pages including 22 postscript figures
Additional file 1 of Novel copy number variations within SYCE1 caused meiotic arrest and non-obstructive azoospermia
Creators: name: Huang, Yuhua
name: Tian, Ruhui
name: Xu, Junwei
name: Ji, Zhiyong
name: Zhang, Yuxiang
name: Zhao, Liangyu
name: Yang, Chao
name: Li, Peng
name: Zhi, Erlei
name: Bai, Haowei
name: Han, Sha
name: Luo, Jiaqiang
name: Zhao, Jingpeng
name: Zhang, Jing
name: Zhou, Zhi
name: Li, Zheng
name: Yao, Chencheng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. CNV analysis using WES data and observation of wild- and mutated-type SYCE1 expression in vitro. (A–C) CNV analysis in the NOA-affected patient (P6326) (A) and his parents (B–C) using WES data; (D) WB assay detected the expression and size of mutant SYCE1 protein. The protein molecular weight represents the fusion expression of SYCE1 and Flag. NC indicated the negative control.
Relationship among Energy, Bioenergy, and Agricultural Commodity Prices: Re-Considering Structural Changes
Creators: name: Nemati, Mehdi
name: Nemati, Mehdi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Ethanol
subject: Agricultural commodities
subject: Structural changes
subject: VECM modeling

description: This study investigates the relationships among the prices of gasoline, ethanol, and agricultural products that includes soybeans and corn. By increasing production of ethanol using corn, concerns about emerging new relationship between agricultural products price and energy price increased. The result indicates that, without considering structural breaks, there is no long-run relationship between energy and agricultural products prices. However, after consideration of structural breaks not only, long-run relationship between energy and agricultural products exist, but also this relationship intensified during last decade. Also, energy price can be transmitted to agricultural products prices from the indirect and direct channel.
Pattern theory: the mathematics of perception
Creators: name: Mumford, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60K35, 82B43

description: Is there a mathematical theory underlying intelligence? Control theory addresses the output side, motor control, but the work of the last 30 years has made clear that perception is a matter of Bayesian statistical inference, based on stochastic models of the signals delivered by our senses and the structures in the world producing them. We will start by sketching the simplest such model, the hidden Markov model for speech, and then go on illustrate the complications, mathematical issues and challenges that this has led to.
Systematic Review: Monoclonal Antibody-Induced Subacute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus
Creators: name: Bolton, Chrissy
name: Chen, Yifan
name: Hawthorne, Rachel
name: Schepel, Ianthe R. M.
name: Harriss, Elinor
name: Hofmann, Silke C.
name: Ellis, Spencer
name: Clarke, Alexander
name: Wace, Helena
name: Martin, Blanca
name: Smith, Joel
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Systematic Review

description: Abstract: Background: Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE) lacks consensus diagnostic criteria and the pathogenesis is poorly understood. There are increasing reports of SCLE induced by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), but there are limited data on the aetiology, clinical characteristics and natural course of this disease. Methods: We devised a set of diagnostic criteria for SCLE in collaboration with a multinational, multispecialty panel. This systematic review employed a two-layered search strategy of five databases for cases of mAb-induced SCLE (PROSPERO registered protocol CRD42019116521). To explore the relationship between relative mAb use and the number of SCLE cases reported, the estimated number of mAb users was modelled from 2013 to 2018 global commercial data and estimated annual therapy costs. Results: From 40 papers, we identified 52 cases of mAb-induced SCLE, occurring in a cohort that was 73% female and with a median age of 61 years. Fifty percent of cases were induced by anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-ɑ agents. A median of three drug doses preceded SCLE onset and the lesions lasted a median of 7 weeks after drug cessation. Oral and topical corticosteroids were most frequently used. Of the licensed mAbs, adalimumab, denosumab, rituximab, etanercept and infliximab were calculated to have the highest relative number of yearly users based on global sales data. Comparing the number of mAb-induced SCLE cases with estimated yearly users, the checkpoint inhibitors pembrolizumab and nivolumab showed strikingly high rates of SCLE relative to their global use, but ipilimumab did not. Conclusion: We present the first systematic review characterising mAb-induced SCLE with respect to triggers, clinical signs, laboratory findings, prognosis and treatment approaches. We identify elevated rates associated with the use of checkpoint inhibitors and anti-TNFɑ agents.
The Economic Value of Pelargonic Acid as a Natural Herbicide in Sweet Bell Peppers
Creators: name: Taylor, Merritt
name: Webber, Charles
name: Shrefler, James
name: Taylor, Merritt
name: Webber, Charles
name: Shrefler, James
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Farm Management
subject: Production Economics
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Pelargonic Acid
subject: Natural Herbicide
subject: Weed Control
subject: Bell Peppers

description: Pelargonic acid, although not certified as organic, is naturally occurring in many plants, animals, and foods. It is also phytotoxic to plants as a contact herbicide, injuring and killing plants by destroying the cell membrane. Vegetable producers would benefit from additional herbicide options that are safe to the crop, naturally occurring, and provide effective weed control. Research was conducted in southeastern Oklahoma to determine the impact of pelargonic acid on weed control efficacy, crop injury, green pepper (Capsicum annuum) yields, and the cost/benefits associated with the various levels of this herbicide. The experiment included pelargonic acid applied unshielded post-directed at 5, 10, and 15 lb/a, plus an untreated weedy control and an untreated weed-free check. The 15 lb/a (9% v:v) pelargonic acid treatment resulted in the maximum smooth crabgrass control (56%) and broadleaf weed control (66%) at 1 day after the initial spray treatment (DAIT), and 33% yellow nutsedge control at 3 DAIT. Only the 15 lb/a pelargonic acid application produced greater fruit per acre (58,012 fruit/acre) and yields (10,204 lb/acre) than the weedy control (14,516 fruit/acre and 3,409 lb/acre). The highest level of pelargonic acid (15 lb/a) provided 2.8 times the gross revenue as that of the weedy control.
B-mode Power Spectrum of CMB via Polarized Compton Scattering
Creators: name: Khodagholizadeh, Jafar
name: Mohammadi, Rohoollah
name: Sadegh, Mahdi
name: Vahedi, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, according to some evidence from being an asymmetry in the number density of left and right-handed electrons, $δ_L$, in-universe motivate us to calculate the dominated contribution of this asymmetry in the generation of B-mode power spectrum $C_{ B\,l}^{(S)}$. Note, in the standard cosmological scenario, Compton scattering in the presence of scalar matter perturbation can not generate magnetic like pattern in linear polarization while in the case of polarized Compton scattering, we have shown $C_{B\,l}^{(S)}\propto δ_L^2$. We add up the spectrum of the B-mode generated by the polarized Compton scattering to the spectra produced by weak lensing effects and Compton scattering in the presence of tensor perturbations. The results show a significant amplification in $C_{B\,l}$ in large scale $l<500$ for $δ_L>10^{-6}$ which will be observable in future high resolution B-mode polarization detection. Finally, we have shown that $C_{ B\,l}^{(S)}$ generated by polarized Compton scattering can suppress the tensor to scalar ratio, $r$ parameter so that this contamination can be comparable to a primordial tensor-to-scalar ratio spatially for $δ_L>10^{-5}$.
description: 20 pages,3 figures
Self-Monitoring and Management of Blood Pressure in Patients with Stroke or TIA: An Economic Evaluation of TEST-BP, A Randomised Controlled Trial
Creators: name: Kim, Lois G.
name: Wilson, Edward C. F.
name: Davison, William J.
name: Clark, Allan B.
name: Myint, Phyo K.
name: Potter, John F.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Original Research Article

description: Abstract: Background: Prevention of secondary stroke following initial ictus is an important focus of after-stroke care. Blood pressure (BP) is a key risk factor, so usual care following stroke or transient ischaemic attack includes regular BP checks and monitoring of anti-hypertensive medication. This is traditionally carried out in primary care, but the evidence supporting self-monitoring and self-guided management of BP in the general population with hypertension is growing. Objective: Our objective was to estimate the cost effectiveness of treatment as usual (TAU) versus (1) self-monitoring of BP (S-MON) and (2) self-monitoring and guided self-management of anti-hypertensive medication (S-MAN). Methods: This was a within-trial economic evaluation of a randomised controlled trial estimating the incremental cost per 1 mmHg BP reduction and per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained over a 6-month time horizon from the perspective of the UK National Health Service (NHS). Results: Data were evaluable for 140 participants. Costs per patient were £473, £853 and £1035; mean reduction in systolic BP (SBP) was 3.6, 6.7 and 6.1 mmHg, and QALYs accrued were 0.427, 0.422 and 0.423 for TAU, S-MON and S-MAN, respectively. No statistically significant differences in incremental costs or outcomes were detected. On average, S-MAN was dominated or extended dominated. The incremental cost per 1 mmHg BP reduction from S-MON versus TAU was £137. Conclusion: On average, S-MAN is an inefficient intervention. S-MON may be cost effective, depending on the willingness to pay for a 1 mmHg BP reduction, although it yielded fewer QALYs over the within-trial time horizon. Decision modelling is required to explore the longer-term costs and outcomes.