cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Topological chaos and chaotic iterations. Application to Hash functions
Creators: name: Guyeux, Christophe
name: Bahi, Jacques M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper introduces a new notion of chaotic algorithms. These algorithms are iterative and are based on so-called chaotic iterations. Contrary to all existing studies on chaotic iterations, we are not interested in stable states of such iterations but in their possible unpredictable behaviors. By establishing a link between chaotic iterations and the notion of Devaney's topological chaos, we give conditions ensuring that these kind of algorithms produce topological chaos. This leads to algorithms that are highly unpredictable. After presenting the theoretical foundations of our approach, we are interested in its practical aspects. We show how the theoretical algorithms give rise to computer programs that produce true topological chaos, then we propose applications in the area of information security.
description: IJCNN 2010, Int. Joint Conf. on Neural Networks, joint to WCCI'10, IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence
Bibliographie der Geschichte, Landes- und Volkskunde von Stadt und Kanton Zürich: 1. April 1957 bis 31. März 1958
Creators: name: Walser, Oscar
Publisher: name: [Buchdruckerei a/d. Sihl A.-G.]
Year: 1958
Subjects: subject: 010 Bibliografie
subject: Kanton Zürich
subject: Zürich
subject: Bibliografie
subject: Geschichte
subject: Landeskunde
subject: Volkskunde

description: Separatdruck aus dem "Zürcher Taschenbuch" auf das Jahr 1959.
Learning from Berlin
Creators: name: Locher, Michael
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2018

description: In the specialist literature, the Berlin tenement (Berliner Mietskaserne) is considered as the epitome of speculative overuse of the residential block on the eve of the Modern period. This view misses the fact that at the turn of the 19th century, several urban districts in Berlin were built for an emerging middle class that are of outstanding urban quality. The entrepreneur Georg Haberland (Berlinische Boden- Gesellschaft) developed entire neighborhoods that contributed greatly to the history of urban development at the beginning of the 20th century – a contribution seriously underestimated. In addition to the Anglo-Saxon way of suburbanization of the middle class and the French way of urbanization of the bourgeoisie within the existing town – which are commented on extensively – the urban interventions of Haberland are a little-documented third way in the history of city expansions. In this paper, first, I address the question of the urban qualities of the Bavarian District (Bayerisches Viertel), drawing on previously unpublished historical sources. And second, I propose a thesis how to place Haberland’s undervalued contribution in the wider context of Berlins planning history and beyond. Planning urban settlements from scratch is a current and crucial topic particularly in the US and in East Asia. Corresponding current projects – often designed by European planners – can be found especially in China.
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 18 No. 1 (2018): Looking at the World History of Planning
Pauli crystal melting in shaken optical traps
Creators: name: Xiang, Jiabing
name: Molignini, Paolo
name: Büttner, Miriam
name: Lode, Axel U. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pauli crystals are ordered geometric structures that emerge in trapped noninteracting fermionic systems due to their underlying Pauli repulsion. The deformation of Pauli crystals - often called melting - has been recently observed in experiments, but the mechanism that leads to it remains unclear. We address this question by studying the melting dynamics of N=6 fermions as a function of periodic driving and experimental imperfections in the trap (anisotropy and anharmonicity) by employing a combination of numerical simulations and Floquet theory. Surprisingly, we reveal that the melting of Pauli crystals is not simply a direct consequence of an increase in system energy, but is instead related to the trap geometry and the population of the Floquet modes. We show that the melting is absent in traps without imperfections and triggered only by a sufficiently large shaking amplitude in traps with imperfections.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures
MUSE tells the story of NGC 4371: The dawning of secular evolution
Creators: name: Gadotti, Dimitri A.
name: Seidel, Marja K.
name: Sanchez-Blazquez, Patricia
name: Falcon-Barroso, Jesus
name: Husemann, Bernd
name: Coelho, Paula
name: Perez, Isabel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use data from the Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE), recently commissioned at the Very Large Telescope (VLT), to study the kinematics and stellar population content of NGC 4371, an early-type massive barred galaxy in the core of the Virgo cluster. We integrate this study with a detailed structural analysis using imaging data from the Hubble and Spitzer space telescopes, which allows us to perform a thorough investigation of the physical properties of the galaxy. We show that the rotationally supported inner components in NGC 4371, an inner disc and a nuclear ring - which, according to the predominant scenario, are built with stars formed from gas brought to the inner region by the bar - are vastly dominated by stars older than 10 Gyr. Our results thus indicate that the formation of the bar occurred at a redshift of about $z=1.8^{+0.5}_{-0.4}$ (error bars are derived from 100 Monte Carlo realisations). NGC 4371 thus testifies to the robustness of bars. In addition, the mean stellar age of the fraction of the major disc of the galaxy covered by our MUSE data is above 7 Gyr, with a small contribution from younger stars. This suggests that the quenching of star formation in NGC 4371, likely due to environmental effects, was already effective at a redshift of about $z=0.8^{+0.2}_{-0.1}$. Our results point out that bar-driven secular evolution processes may have an extended impact in the evolution of galaxies, and thus on the properties of galaxies as observed today, not necessarily restricted to more recent cosmic epochs.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A; 19 pages, 16 figures, 2 tables
A Learning-based Nonlinear Model Predictive Controller for a Real Go-Kart based on Black-box Dynamics Modeling through Gaussian Processes
Creators: name: Picotti, Enrico
name: Mion, Enrico
name: Libera, Alberto Dalla
name: Pavlovic, Josip
name: Censi, Andrea
name: Frazzoli, Emilio
name: Beghi, Alessandro
name: Bruschetta, Mattia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Lately, Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC)has been successfully applied to (semi-) autonomous driving problems and has proven to be a very promising technique. However, accurate control models for real vehicles could require costly and time-demanding specific measurements. To address this problem, the exploitation of system data to complement or derive the prediction model of the NMPC has been explored, employing learning dynamics approaches within Learning-based NMPC (LbNMPC). Its application to the automotive field has focused on discrete grey-box modeling, in which a nominal dynamics model is enhanced by the data-driven component. In this manuscript, we present an LbNMPC controller for a real go-kart based on a continuous black-box model of the accelerations obtained by Gaussian Processes. We show the effectiveness of the proposed approach by testing the controller on a real go-kart vehicle, highlighting the approximation steps required to get an exploitable GP model on a real-time application.
description: Accepted in IEEE Transaction on Control System Technology as Full Paper for SI: State-of-the-art Applications of Model Predictive Control. 12 pages, 20 figures
Accelerating Fully Homomorphic Encryption by Bridging Modular and Bit-Level Arithmetic
Creators: name: Chielle, Eduardo
name: Mazonka, Oleg
name: Gamil, Homer
name: Maniatakos, Michail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The dramatic increase of data breaches in modern computing platforms has emphasized that access control is not sufficient to protect sensitive user data. Recent advances in cryptography allow end-to-end processing of encrypted data without the need for decryption using Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE). Such computation however, is still orders of magnitude slower than direct (unencrypted) computation. Depending on the underlying cryptographic scheme, FHE schemes can work natively either at bit-level using Boolean circuits, or over integers using modular arithmetic. Operations on integers are limited to addition/subtraction and multiplication. On the other hand, bit-level arithmetic is much more comprehensive allowing more operations, such as comparison and division. While modular arithmetic can emulate bit-level computation, there is a significant cost in performance. In this work, we propose a novel method, dubbed bridging, that blends faster and restricted modular computation with slower and comprehensive bit-level computation, making them both usable within the same application and with the same cryptographic scheme instantiation. We introduce and open source C++ types representing the two distinct arithmetic modes, offering the possibility to convert from one to the other. Experimental results show that bridging modular and bit-level arithmetic computation can lead to 1-2 orders of magnitude performance improvement for tested synthetic benchmarks, as well as one real-world FHE application: a genotype imputation case study.
description: Published in the IEEE/ACM 2022 International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD)
Interpreting the contemporary Chinese planning from the “new towns” perspective
Creators: name: Bona, Domenica
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2018

description: The new millennium has been a time for a great change in the Chinese planning history. Planning has become a professional practice able to manage the construction of thousands of new urban settlements and urbanization has driven deep transformations in the economic structure of China and in its society. This paper proposes a critical interpretation of the “new towns” by analysing two case studies, Pujiang and Kilamba. Pujiang is a new town near Shanghai designed by the Italian firm Gregotti Associati with the local Highpower-OCT Investment; Kilamba was designed by the Chinese CITIC in the outskirt of Luanda, Angola. From a planning perspective, this paper tries to analyse the phenomenal and formal aspects related to plans of two case studies. Applying a typo-morphological approach, the physical structure of both plans are analysed and compared so to highlight the structural elements of analogy between them. The aim is to reveal the current attempts by planners to transfer cultural issues into the built environment. Thus, this will allow to find out the possible commonalities and define the terms of correspondences of these contemporary layouts with the historical Chinese planning wisdom.
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 18 No. 1 (2018): Looking at the World History of Planning
Characterization of Salivary, Mucosal and Denture Surfaces Role in Denture Stomatitis: An Exploratory Study
Creators: name: AlTarawneh, Sandra
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2011

description: Objectives: To explore associations between clinical signs of stomatitis and tissue/denture infection, as well as salivary and serum biomarkers. Methods: An IRB approved, case-control study enrolled 32 edentate subjects, 17 with healthy palatal mucosa as controls and 15 with denture stomatitis (DS) (Newton's classification type II and III). Rate of salivary flow, exfoliative cytology, culture, salivary cytokines levels, serum C-reactive protein levels, and DNA-DNA checkerboard analyses were performed. Results: denture levels of yeast were higher and more strongly predictive of clinical DS than salivary or mucosal levels. Certain pro-inflammatory cytokines levels were increased in DS and associated with counts of C. albicans in saliva. Conclusions: the denture, rather than the inflamed palatal mucosa, is the primary C. albicans habitat. At this point, data suggest no evidence that DS can induce systemic inflammation.
A density-constrained model for Chemotaxis
Creators: name: Kim, Inwon
name: Mellet, Antoine
name: Wu, Yijing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider a model of congestion dynamics with chemotaxis: The density of cells follows a chemical signal it generates, while subject to an incompressibility constraint. The incompressibility constraint results in the formation of patches, describing regions where the maximal density has been reached. The dynamics of these patches can be described by either Hele-Shaw or Richards equation type flow (depending on whether we consider the model with diffusion or the model with pure advection). Our focus in this paper is on the construction of weak solutions for this problem via a variational discrete time scheme of JKO type. We also establish the uniqueness of these solutions. In addition, we make more rigorous the connection between this incompressible chemotaxis model and the free boundary problems describing the motion of the patches in terms of the density and associated pressure variable. In particular, we obtain new results characterizing the pressure variable as the solution of an obstacle problem and prove that in the pure advection case the dynamic preserves patches.
First constraints on axion-like particles from Galactic sub-PeV gamma rays
Creators: name: Eckner, Christopher
name: Calore, Francesca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experimental refinements and technical innovations in the field of extensive air shower telescopes have enabled measurements of Galactic cosmic-ray interactions in the sub-PeV range, providing new avenues for the search for new physics and dark matter. For the first time, we exploit sub-PeV (1 TeV -- 1 PeV) observations of Galactic diffuse gamma rays by HAWC and Tibet AS$γ$ to search for an axion-like-particle (ALP) induced gamma-ray signal directly linked to the origin of the IceCube extragalactic high-energy neutrino flux. Indeed, the production of high-energy neutrinos in extragalactic sources implies the concomitant production of gamma rays at comparable energies. Within the magnetic field of the neutrino emitting sources, gamma rays may efficiently convert into ALPs, escape their host galaxy un-attenuated, propagate through intergalactic space, and reconvert into gamma rays in the magnetic field of the Milky Way. Such a scenario creates an all-sky diffuse high-energy gamma-ray signal in the sub-PeV range. Accounting for the guaranteed Galactic astrophysical gamma-ray contributions from cosmic-ray interactions with gas and radiation and from sub-threshold sources, we set competitive upper limits on the photon-ALP coupling constant $g_{aγγ}$. We find $g_{aγγ} < 2.1\times10^{-11}$ GeV$^{-1}$ for ALP masses $m_a \leq 2\times10^{-7}$ eV at a 95\% confidence level. Our results are comparable to previous limits on ALPs derived from the TeV gamma-ray domain and progressively close the mass gap towards ADMX limits. The code and data to reproduce the results of this study are available on GitHub \url{https://github.com/ceckner/subPeVALPs}.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures, 2 appendices; text corresponding to the version published in PRD
Collecting Culture: Explaining Sociability in Collectibles Markets
Creators: name: Sherry, Lucas Matthew Thomas
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2013

description: Cultures, like other group-level phenomena, are the result of a complex and iterative process whereby social environments provide individuals with desires, beliefs, and opportunities that guide individual actions in patterned ways. Actor-Network Theorists have been vocal in their assertion that objects are not passive intermediaries, but rather active mediators of human action. In markets, patterns in the characteristics of the objects for sale make certain trading behaviors more or less effective, profitable, etc. By analyzing books for collectibles that vary in the fungibility of the objects and organization of the markets, I find that the level of market organization and the fungibility of objects for sale are related to differences in the rates of coding the advice provided as `advised sociability,' `sociability traps,' and `anti-sociability.'
What shapes the far-infrared spectral energy distributions of galaxies?
Creators: name: Safarzadeh, Mohammadtaher
name: Hayward, Christopher C.
name: Ferguson, Henry C.
name: Somerville, Rachel S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To explore the connection between the global physical properties of galaxies and their far-infrared (FIR) spectral energy distributions (SEDs), we study the variation in the FIR SEDs of a set of hydrodynamically simulated galaxies that are generated by performing dust radiative transfer in post-processing. Our sample includes both isolated and merging systems at various stages of the merging process and covers infrared (IR) luminosities and dust masses that are representative of both low- and high-redshift galaxies. We study the FIR SEDs using principle component analysis (PCA) and find that 97\% of the variance in the sample can be explained by two principle components (PCs). The first PC characterizes the wavelength of the peak of the FIR SED, and the second encodes the breadth of the SED. We find that the coefficients of both PCs can be predicted well using a double power law in terms of the IR luminosity and dust mass, which suggests that these two physical properties are the primary determinants of galaxies' FIR SED shapes. Incorporating galaxy sizes does not significantly improve our ability to predict the FIR SEDs. Our results suggest that the observed redshift evolution in the effective dust temperature at fixed IR luminosity is not driven by geometry: the SEDs of $z \sim 2-3$ ultraluminous IR galaxies (ULIRGs) are cooler than those of local ULIRGs not because the high-redshift galaxies are more extended but rather because they have higher dust masses at fixed IR luminosity. Finally, based on our simulations, we introduce a two-parameter set of SED templates that depend on both IR luminosity and dust mass.
description: Submitted to ApJ, comments welcome
Mise en scène d'Odessa. Mémoires, Explications, Imaginaires. Une Ethnographie.
Creators: name: De Vazelhes, Marie
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Stadtanthropologie
subject: Patrimonialisierungs- und Gedächtnispolitik
subject: das Imaginäre
subject: Lokalidentität
subject: Tourismus
subject: zeitgenössische Politik
subject: Ukraine
subject: Odessa
subject: Social and cultural Anthropology
subject: Politics of Heritage
subject: Collective memory
subject: Imagination
subject: Local Identity
subject: Tourism
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: contemporary Politics
subject: Imagined community
subject: 301 Soziologie, Anthropologie
subject: 303 Gesellschaftliche Prozesse
subject: 304 Das Sozialverhalten beeinflussende Faktoren
subject: 306 Kultur und Institutionen
subject: 307 Gemeinschaften
subject: LB 72327 O23
subject: LB 63327
subject: LB 52327

description: In einem politisch-geteilten ukrainischen Staat legen die Odessiten besonderen Wert darauf, ihre lokale Identität zu betonen. Patriotische Diskurse schöpfen aus dem Imaginären der Stadt, das im lokalen historischen und kulturellen Erbe verwurzelt ist. Durch Repräsentationen aus der Sowjetzeit wurde eine „odessitische Lebensweise“ verbreitet und popularisiert, die heutzutage als Identitätsmodell in den Diskursen benutzt wird. Mit Hilfe dieses symbolischen Kapitals grenzen sich die Bewohner der Stadt von anderen Ukrainern ab. Odessit-sein gilt im Jahr 2013 als politische Aussage. Die Zugehörigkeit zur imaginierten Lokalgemeinschaft wird zum Protest gegen die politischen Schwächen der zeitgenössischen Ukraine. Auf diese Weise wird eine engagierte und respektvolle Haltung gegenüber dem lokalen Erbe eingenommen. In der gespaltenen Ukraine, ist Odessa für seine Bewohner eine positive und inklusive Alternative zum zweipoligen Identitätsmodell (Ukrainer vs. Russen).
description: The residents of Odessa strive for recognition of their local identity using the city’s inherited imaginary in order to affirm their difference from the rest of Ukraine as well as from Russia. The local historical and cultural heritage is used as symbolic capital. The city of Odessa has always been the object of exoticization, continually represented as “other.” Famous exoticizing representations have kept the myth of Odessa alive in collective memory until the present day. However, this local imaginary competes symbolically with Ukrainian national identity by proposing a more positive set of values. Claiming to be from Odessa turns out to be a political statement. Indeed, “to be an Odessite” refers to the conception of local engagement based on an individual’s responsibility for the community. Nonetheless, this identity is being undermined by the latent destruction of the city’s material heritage and the lack of opportunities for many of its inhabitants. In a country divided by competing identities (e.g. being Ukrainian or Russian), Odessa represents a third inclusive alternative and offers a positive communal identity in a time when the country is being torn apart by regional conflict.
Thermodynamic evidence for nematic superconductivity in Cu$_x$Bi$_2$Se$_3$
Creators: name: Yonezawa, Shingo
name: Tajiri, Kengo
name: Nakata, Suguru
name: Nagai, Yuki
name: Wang, Zhiwei
name: Segawa, Kouji
name: Ando, Yoichi
name: Maeno, Yoshiteru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Unconventional superconductivity is characterized by the spontaneous symmetry breaking of the macroscopic superconducting wavefunction in addition to the gauge symmetry breaking, such as rotational-symmetry breaking with respect to the underlying crystal-lattice symmetry. Particularly, superconductivity with spontaneous rotational-symmetry breaking in the wavefunction amplitude and thus in bulk properties, not yet reported previously, is intriguing and can be termed "nematic" superconductivity in analogy to nematic liquid-crystal phases. Here, based on specific-heat measurements of the single-crystalline Cu$_x$Bi$_2$Se$_3$ under accurate magnetic-field-direction control, we report thermodynamic evidence for nematic superconductivity, namely, clear two-fold-symmetric behavior in a trigonal lattice. The results indicate realization of an "odd-parity nematic" state, feasible only by macroscopic quantum condensates and distinct from nematic states in liquid crystals. The results also confirm topologically non-trivial superconductivity in Cu$_x$Bi$_2$Se$_3$.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures; plus 18 pages of Supplementary Materials (incl. 10 figures)
Quantum order-by-disorder induced phase transition in Rydberg ladders with staggered detuning
Creators: name: Sarkar, Madhumita
name: Pal, Mainak
name: Sen, Arnab
name: Sengupta, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: $^{87}{\rm Rb}$ atoms are known to have long-lived Rydberg excited states with controllable excitation amplitude (detuning) and strong repulsive van der Waals interaction $V_{{\bf r} {\bf r'}}$ between excited atoms at sites ${\bf r}$ and ${\bf r'}$. Here we study such atoms in a two-leg ladder geometry in the presence of both staggered and uniform detuning with amplitudes $Δ$ and $λ$ respectively. We show that when $V_{\bf r r'} \gg(\ll) Δ, λ$ for $|{\bf r}-{\bf r'}|=1(>1)$, these ladders host a plateau for a wide range of $λ/Δ$ where the ground states are selected by a quantum order-by-disorder mechanism from a macroscopically degenerate manifold of Fock states with fixed Rydberg excitation density $1/4$. Our study further unravels the presence of an emergent Ising transition stabilized via the order-by-disorder mechanism inside the plateau. We identify the competing terms responsible for the transition and estimate a critical detuning $λ_c/Δ=1/3$ which agrees well with exact-diagonalization based numerical studies. We also study the fate of this transition for a realistic interaction potential $V_{{\bf r} {\bf r'}} = V_0 /|{\bf r}-{\bf r'}|^6$, demonstrate that it survives for a wide range of $V_0$, and provide analytic estimate of $λ_c$ as a function of $V_0$. This allows for the possibility of a direct verification of this transition in standard experiments which we discuss.
description: v2; 22 pages, 9 figs. Minor corrections
A quantum resonance catastrophe for transport through an AC driven impurity
Creators: name: Thuberg, Daniel
name: Reyes, Sebastian A.
name: Eggert, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the quantum transport in a tight-binding chain with a locally applied potential which is oscillating in time. The steady state for such a driven impurity can be calculated exactly for any energy and applied potential using the Floquet formalism. The resulting transmission has a non-trivial, non-monotonic behavior depending on incoming momentum, driving frequency, and the strength of the applied periodic potential. Hence there is an abundance of tuning possibilities, which allows to find resonances of total reflection for any choice of incoming momentum and periodic potential. Remarkably, this implies that even for an arbitrarily small infinitesimal impurity potential it is always possible to find a resonance frequency at which there is a catastrophic breakdown of the transmission T=0. The points of zero transmission are closely related to the phenomenon of Fano resonances at dynamically created bound states in the continuum. The results are relevant for a variety of one-dimensional systems where local AC driving is possible, such as quantum nanodot arrays, ultracold gases in optical lattices, photonic crystals, or molecular electronics.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, for more information and the latest version see http://www.physik.uni-kl.de/eggert/papers/index.html
Neighbourhood Units in Brazilian New Towns
Creators: name: Rego, Renato Leao
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2018

description: Neighbourhood units and Brazilian new towns were an instrument of national development in line with the governmental nation-building discourse and planning agenda. Urbanisation was thought to be a path to modernisation and innovative urban settings were to establish new urban practices and change social behaviour. But could neighbourhood units really mean new living patterns? Was the neighbourhood unit straightforwardly accepted as a new urban condition? Did it meet passive compliance or strong opposition? Drawing upon the Americanisation of Brazilian society, this paper explores the transfer, interpretation and appropriation of the neighbourhood unit in Brazil through the analysis of the original layouts and present realities of neighbourhood units in the cities of Goiânia (1933-36), Angélica (1954), Brasília (1957), Rurópolis (1972) and Palmas (1988). Contradictions and conflicts are exposed between the planners’ visions and the appropriation and use of the urban forms - in short, mismatches between how they were imagined and how they were lived. Due to physical inadequacy and cultural incompatibility, neighbourhood units were either considerably transformed, or rejected and replaced by more traditional, conventional urban configurations, for a foreign-planning idea is only truly incorporated when it makes sense in the cultural realm that has adopted it.
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 18 No. 1 (2018): Looking at the World History of Planning
A stochastic analysis approach to lattice Yang--Mills at strong coupling
Creators: name: Shen, Hao
name: Zhu, Rongchan
name: Zhu, Xiangchan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a new stochastic analysis approach to the lattice Yang--Mills model at strong coupling in any dimension $d>1$, with t' Hooft scaling $βN$ for the inverse coupling strength. We study their Langevin dynamics, ergodicity, functional inequalities, large $N$ limits, and mass gap. Assuming $|β| < \frac{N-2}{32(d-1)N}$ for the structure group $SO(N)$, or $|β| < \frac{1}{16(d-1)}$ for $SU(N)$, we prove the following results. The invariant measure for the corresponding Langevin dynamic is unique on the entire lattice, and the dynamic is exponentially ergodic under a Wasserstein distance. The finite volume Yang--Mills measures converge to this unique invariant measure in the infinite volume limit, for which Log-Sobolev and Poincaré inequalities hold. These functional inequalities imply that the suitably rescaled Wilson loops for the infinite volume measure has factorized correlations and converges in probability to deterministic limits in the large $N$ limit, and correlations of a large class of observables decay exponentially, namely the infinite volume measure has a strictly positive mass gap. Our method improves earlier results or simplifies the proofs, and provides some new perspectives to the study of lattice Yang--Mills model.
description: 43 pages
Social orienting as a construct underlying joint attention and imitation skills deficits in preschool children with autism
Creators: name: Reavis, Shaye Benton
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: This study examines the relationship between joint attention and imitation skills in preschoolers with autism by looking at a component skill within imitative behaviors: imitation of body movements, and its correlation with joint attention abilities. Based on a proposed model of social orienting, this study hypothesizes that imitation of body movements will be related to joint attention because both skill deficits require a child to focus attention towards another person. The deficit skill of children with autism to attend to another person is hypothesized to be at the core of social difficulties seen in these children, and therefore to account for deficits in both joint attention and imitation of body movements. If a relationship between joint attention and imitation of body movements is found, it will contribute to our understanding of social orienting as a construct underlying developmental processes in autism.
Direct path from turbulence to time-periodic solutions
Creators: name: Paranjape, Chaitanya S.
name: Yalnız, Gökhan
name: Duguet, Yohann
name: Budanur, Nazmi Burak
name: Hof, Björn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Viscous flows through pipes and channels are steady and ordered until, with increasing velocity, the laminar motion catastrophically breaks down and gives way to turbulence. How this apparently discontinuous change from low- to high-dimensional motion can be rationalized within the framework of the Navier--Stokes equations is not well understood. Exploiting geometrical properties of transitional channel flow we trace turbulence to far lower Reynolds numbers (Re) than previously possible and identify the complete path that reversibly links fully turbulent motion to an invariant solution. This precursor of turbulence destabilizes rapidly with Re, and the accompanying explosive increase in attractor dimension effectively marks the transition between deterministic and de facto stochastic dynamics.
description: To be published in Physical Review Letters. 5 pages with 4 figures + supplemental material with 6 figures
Promoting Traits into Model-Driven Development
Creators: name: Abdelzad, Vahdat
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2017
Subjects: Traits
Umple
Modeling
Model-Driven Development
Model-Based Development
Model Transformation
State Machine
Composition
Flattening
UML

description: Traits are primitive units of code reuse that serve as building blocks of classes. In this research, we enhance reuse by extending the capabilities of traits; in particular, we add modeling abstractions to them. Traits have a variety of benefits, including facilitating reuse and separation of concerns. They have appeared in several programming languages, particularly derivatives of Smalltalk. However, there is still no support for traits that contain modeling abstractions, and no straightforward support for them in general-purpose programming languages. The latter is due to structural concerns that exist for them at runtime, especially traits that contain modeling abstractions. Model-driven technologies are making inroads into the development community, albeit slowly. Modeling abstractions such as state machines and associations provide new opportunities for reuse, and can be combined with inheritance for even greater reusability. However, issues with inheritance apply also when these new abstractions are inheritable units. This suggests that traits and models ought to be able to be synergistically combined. We perform a comprehensive analysis of using modeling elements in traits. We implement such traits in Umple, which is a model-oriented programming language that permits embedding of programming concepts into models. The contributions of the thesis are: a) Adding new elements including state machines and associations into traits, hence bringing more reusability, modularity, and applications to traits; b) Developing an algorithm that allows reusing, extending, and composing state machines through traits; c) Extending traits with required interfaces so dependencies at the semantic level become part of their usage, rather than simple syntactic capture; d) Adding template parameters with associations in traits, offering new applications for traits in which it is possible to define design patterns and to have a library of most-used functionality; e) The implementation of all the above concepts, including generating code in multiple general-purpose programming languages through automatic model transformation.
Polarized Electron Beams from Laser Plasma Acceleration and Their Polarimetry
Creators: name: Popp, Jennifer
name: Bohlen, Simon
name: Stehr, Felix
name: List, Jenny
name: Moortgat-Pick, Gudrid
name: Osterhoff, Jens
name: Põder, Kristjan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent years, Laser Plasma Acceleration (LPA) has become a promising alternative to conventional RF accelerators. However, so far, it has only been theoretically shown that generating polarized LPA beams is possible. The LEAP (Laser Electron Acceleration with Polarization) project at DESY aims to demonstrate this experimentally for the first time, using a pre-polarized plasma target. The electron polarization will be measured with photon transmission polarimetry, which makes use of the production of circularly polarized bremsstrahlung during the passage of the electron beams through a suitable converter target. The photon polarization is then measured with the aid of transmission asymmetry arising from reversing the magnetization direction of an iron absorber. In this contribution an overview of the LEAP project is presented, detailing the generation of the polarized electron beams along with the design and simulation studies of the polarimeter.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, to be published in JPS Conference Proceedings
Alternative Techniques to Gain Emergency Airway Access
Creators: name: Toler, Julianne Denice
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: The purpose of this study was to determine how head movement and time were affected by three emergency airway access techniques (Revolution IQ quick release face mask [IQ], cordless screwdriver [CSD], and pocket mask insertion [PMI]). Eighteen certified athletic trainers (ATCs) and 18 non-certified students (NCSs) performed one trial of each technique. Separate repeated measures ANOVAs were employed for each dependent variable. We observed significant differences (F2,68 = 263.88; p < 0.001) between all three techniques in respect to time with PMI being the quickest followed by IQ and CSD techniques. The PMI technique resulted in significantly less head movement (F2,68 = 9.06; p=0.001) and maximum head movement (F2,68 = 13.84; p<0.001) in the frontal plane compared to the IQ and CSD techniques. The PMI technique should be used to gain rapid airway access in a football athlete in respiratory arrest. The face mask of a football athlete that is not in respiratory distress can be carefully removed with a pocket mask ready to perform the PMI technique if necessary.
Superblocks, neighbourhood units and residential islands as fragments of the collage city
Creators: name: Diez, Carmen
name: Monclus, Javier
name: Ezquerra, Isbel
name: Garcia, Sergio
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2018

description: In the intense debate that surrounds modernist housing estates in Europe there is a common argument: the contrast between the high quality of urban spaces in the compact traditional city and the low quality of new mass housing developments. In our opinion, the comparison should be made not with the traditional city but with the remaining peripheral landscape. The question is: do those ‘fragments’ of the modern ‘collage city’ that float between infrastructures and urban voids have greater or worse urban quality than the so-called ‘ordinary peripheries’? In this regard, determining the level of isolation from or integration into the immediate urban tissue is a key issue. The aim of this paper is to study eight housing estates in four cities (Rome, Milan, Madrid, Barcelona) and analyse how these ‘fragments’ developed in regard to their immediate urban context. How were they designed and with what specific features, compared to their European counterparts? What role and impact did urban planning and projects have in their fragmentary development? What conclusions can we draw comparing these quartieri and polígonos fifty years later? What are the values and weaknesses of those ‘fragments’ in comparison with the urban tissues of the surrounding ‘ordinary peripheries’?
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 18 No. 1 (2018): Looking at the World History of Planning
Fractional Josephson effect versus fractional charge in superconducting-normal metal hybrid circuits
Creators: name: Javed, Mohammad Atif
name: Schwibbert, Jakob
name: Riwar, Roman-Pascal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fractionally charged excitations play a central role in condensed matter physics, and can be probed in different ways. If transport occurs via dissipation-less supercurrents, they manifest as a fractional Josephson effect, whereas in dissipative transport they can be revealed by the transport statistics. However, in a regime where supercurrents and lossy currents coincide, a full understanding of the relationship between these two transport phenomena is still missing. Moreover, especially for superconducting circuits, the question of how noninteger quasicharges can be reconciled with charge quantization is still not fully resolved, and plays an important role for the circuit dynamics. Here, we aim to unify the above concepts by studying the system-detector dynamics in terms of a Lindbladian capturing both coherent and dissipative transport. Charge quantization is here a conserved property of the detector basis of the Lindbladian, while charge fractionalization is a topological property of its complex-valued eigenspectrum. We show that already conventional superconductor-normal metal hybrid circuits exhibit a variety of topological phases, including an open quantum system version of a fractional Josephson effect. Surprisingly, quasiparticles, usually considered a detrimental side effect, are here a necessary ingredient to observe nontrivial transport behaviour.
description: 33 pages, 10 figures
A generalized approach to photon avalanche upconversion in luminescent nanocrystals
Creators: name: Skripka, Artiom
name: Lee, Minji
name: Qi, Xiao
name: Pan, Jia-Ahn
name: Yang, Haoran
name: Lee, Changhwan
name: Schuck, P. James
name: Cohen, Bruce E.
name: Jaque, Daniel
name: Chan, Emory M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photon avalanching nanoparticles (ANPs) exhibit extremely nonlinear upconverted emission valuable for sub-diffraction imaging, nanoscale sensing, and optical computing. Avalanching has been demonstrated with Tm3+, Nd3+ or Pr3+-doped nanocrystals, but their emission is limited to 600 and 800 nm, restricting applications. Here, we utilize Gd3+-assisted energy migration to tune the emission wavelengths of Tm3+-sensitized ANPs and generate highly nonlinear emission of Eu3+, Tb3+, Ho3+, and Er3+ ions. The upconversion intensities of these spectrally discrete ANPs scale with the nonlinearity factor s = 10-17 under 1064 nm excitation at power densities as low as 6 kW/cm2. This strategy for imprinting avalanche behavior on remote emitters can be extended to fluorophores adjacent to ANPs, as we demonstrate with CdS/CdSe/CdS core/shell/shell quantum dots. ANPs with rationally designed energy transfer networks provide the means to transform conventional linear emitters into a highly nonlinear ones, expanding the use of photon avalanching in biological, chemical, and photonic applications.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures
A republic of garden city-states on which the sun never sets
Creators: name: Wilson, Matthew
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2018

description: From the mid 1850s and into the interwar period a little-known group of citizen-sociologists attempted to break up the British Empire and establish a proto- garden-city-state network. These actors were the followers of the French Positivist philosopher Auguste Comte and his British acolyte Richard Congreve. Comte introduced the modern science of sociology, the Religion of Humanity, and the utopia called the Occidental Republic. After setting out the socio-spatial character of this utopia, this study will argue that from the 1850s the former Oxford don and ex-Anglican minister Richard Congreve advocated Comte’s principles as British international and national policy. I will contend that Congreve’s affiliates formed an organised resistance to imperialism, exploitation, poverty, and despondency. They created urban interventions or Positivist institutes, led ad hoc sociological surveys, and published programmes for realising regional republics. This essay contributes to our understanding of how Positivist sociology was a eutopian spatial design practice rooted in creating a comprehensive and participatory moral, cultural and intellectual network for the life virtuous. If we require some alternative to religious fanaticism, political lethargy, provincialism, fake news and right-wing reaction, the praxis explored herein might serve as a precedent for ethical, political and collectivist spatial agency.
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 18 No. 1 (2018): Looking at the World History of Planning
Variational principles for topological pressures on subsets
Creators: name: Zhong, Xingfu
name: Chen, Zhijing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37A35, 37B40, 37C45

description: In this paper, we investigate the relations between various types of topological pressures and different versions of measure-theoretical pressures. We extend Feng- Huang's variational principle for packing entropy to packing pressure and obtain two new variational principles for Pesin-Pitskel and packing pressures respectively. We show that various types of Katok pressures for an ergodic measure with respect to a potential function are equal to the sum of measure-theoretic entropy of this measure and the integral of the potential function. Moreover, we obtain Billingsley type theorem for packing pressure, which indicates that packing pressure can be determined by measure-theoretic upper local pressure of measures, and a variational principle for packing pressure of the set of generic points for any invariant ergodic Borel probability measure.
description: 25 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1012.1103, arXiv:1111.7121 by other authors
Chiang Ching-kuo and the regional planning of Gannan under the influence of Soviet Experience (1941-1945)
Creators: name: Zhao, Li
name: Baihao, Li
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2018

description: In the early 1940s, regional planning theory and practice spread into China. Gannan Reform dominated by Chiang Ching-kuo was an important experiment and marked by socialist ideology from the Soviet-Russia. In Jiangxi Province, Chiang Ching-kuo formulated the regional development path of first social construction and post physical planning. As a proponent of Confucianism, he combined the Soviet-experience with traditional Confucian urban-rural governance rules of ancient China. Promoted by Chiang, the government formulated two five-year plans (1941-1949) in 1941 and 1943. Under planned economy system, government developed public and cooperative undertakings to construct various industries and built a model state as an example for China which attracted the attention of world. The plan was similar to the Five-Years Plan of Soviet and P.R. China, and had an obvious socialist character. Its annual plan and ten-systems were also similar to Chiang's Four-year Plan and Top Ten Construction in Taiwan in 1970s. Based on historical archives, research has focused on Chiang Ching-uo and Gannan Reform and explained that how the reform can combined the Sovietexperience, planned economy, Confucian experience with regional planning as the earliest regional planning in modern China in 1940s. It’s an extremely important issue that has not been excavated.
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 18 No. 1 (2018): Looking at the World History of Planning