cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Rate Splitting in MIMO RIS-assisted Systems with Hardware Impairments and Improper Signaling
Creators: name: Soleymani, Mohammad
name: Santamaria, Ignacio
name: Jorswieck, Eduard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this paper, we propose an optimization framework for rate splitting (RS) techniques in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted systems, possibly with I/Q imbalance (IQI). This framework can be applied to any optimization problem in which the objective and/or constraints are linear functions of the rates and/or transmit covariance matrices. Such problems include minimum-weighted and weighted-sum rate maximization, total power minimization for a target rate, minimum-weighted energy efficiency (EE) and global EE maximization. The framework may be applied to any interference-limited system with hardware impairments. For the sake of illustration, we consider a multicell MIMO RIS-assisted broadcast channel (BC) in which the base stations (BSs) and/or the users may suffer from IQI. Since IQI generates improper noise, we consider improper Gaussian signaling (IGS) as an interference-management technique that can additionally compensate for IQI. We show that RS when combined with IGS can substantially improve the spectral and energy efficiency of overloaded networks (i.e., when the number of users per cell is larger than the number of transmit/receive antennas).
description: accepted at IEEE Transaction on Vehicular Technology
The jet kinetic power, distance and inclination of GRS 1915+105
Creators: name: Zdziarski, Andrzej A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply a recently developed technique of calculating the minimum jet kinetic power to the major mass ejections of the black-hole binary GRS 1915+105 observed in radio wavelengths in 1994 and 1997. We derive for them the distance-dependent minimum power, and the corresponding mass flow rate and the total energy and mass content. We find that a fast increase of the jet power with the increasing distance combined with the jet power estimates based on the bolometric luminosity imply the source distance is <10 kpc. If the jet in GRS 1915 contains ions, their bulk motion dominates the jet power, which was either neglected or not properly taken into account earlier. We also reconsider the parameters of the binary, and derive the current best estimates of the distance-dependent black-hole mass and the inclination based on existing measurements combined with the kinematic constraints from the mass ejections. We also find the measurement of the donor radius of Steeghs et al. implies the distance to the system of <10 kpc, in agreement with the estimate from the jet power.
description: MNRAS,in press
Hydrodynamic interactions hinder transport of flow-driven colloidal particles
Creators: name: Lips, Dominik
name: Cereceda-López, Eric
name: Ortiz-Ambriz, Antonio
name: Tierno, Pietro
name: Ryabov, Artem
name: Maass, Philipp
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The flow-driven transport of interacting micron-sized particles occurs in many soft matter systems spanning from the translocation of proteins to moving emulsions in microfluidic devices. Here we combine experiments and theory to investigate the collective transport properties of colloidal particles along a rotating ring of optical traps. In the co-rotating reference frame, the particles are driven by a vortex flow of the surrounding fluid. When increasing the depth of the optical potential, we observe a jamming behavior that manifests itself in a strong reduction of the current with increasing particle density. We show that this jamming is caused by hydrodynamic interactions that enhance the energetic barriers between the optical traps. This leads to a transition from an over- to an under-critical tilting of the potential in the corotating frame. Based on analytical considerations, the enhancement effect is estimated to increase with increasing particle size or decreasing radius of the ring of traps. Measurements for different ring radii and Stokesian dynamics simulations for corresponding particle sizes confirm this. The enhancement of potential barriers in the flow-driven system is contrasted to the reduction of barriers in a force-driven one. This diverse behavior demonstrates that hydrodynamic interactions can have a very different impact on the collective dynamics of many-body systems. Applications to soft matter and biological systems require careful consideration of the driving mechanism and of the role of hydrodynamic interactions.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures
Proofs of Quantumness from Trapdoor Permutations
Creators: name: Morimae, Tomoyuki
name: Yamakawa, Takashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Assume that Alice can do only classical probabilistic polynomial-time computing while Bob can do quantum polynomial-time computing. Alice and Bob communicate over only classical channels, and finally Bob gets a state $|x_0\rangle+|x_1\rangle$ with some bit strings $x_0$ and $x_1$. Is it possible that Alice can know $\{x_0,x_1\}$ but Bob cannot? Such a task, called {\it remote state preparations}, is indeed possible under some complexity assumptions, and is bases of many quantum cryptographic primitives such as proofs of quantumness, (classical-client) blind quantum computing, (classical) verifications of quantum computing, and quantum money. A typical technique to realize remote state preparations is to use 2-to-1 trapdoor collision resistant hash functions: Alice sends a 2-to-1 trapdoor collision resistant hash function $f$ to Bob, and Bob evaluates it on superposition and measures the image. Bob's post-measurement state is $|x_0\rangle+|x_1\rangle$, where $f(x_0)=f(x_1)=y$. With the trapdoor, Alice can learn $\{x_0,x_1\}$, but due to the collision resistance, Bob cannot. This Alice's advantage can be leveraged to realize the quantum cryptographic primitives listed above. It seems that the collision resistance is essential here. In this paper, surprisingly, we show that the collision resistance is not necessary for a restricted case: we show that (non-verifiable) remote state preparations of $|x_0\rangle+|x_1\rangle$ secure against {\it classical} probabilistic polynomial-time Bob can be constructed from classically-secure (full-domain) trapdoor permutations. Trapdoor permutations are not likely to imply the collision resistance, because black-box reductions from collision-resistant hash functions to trapdoor permutations are known to be impossible. As an application of our result, we construct proofs of quantumness from classically-secure (full-domain) trapdoor permutations.
description: 20 pages
Gravitational radiation of a vibrating physical string as a model for the gravitational emission of an astrophysical plasma
Creators: name: Lewis, R. A.
name: Modanese, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The vibrating string is a source of gravitational waves which requires novel computational techniques, based on the explicit construction of a conserved and renormalized (in a classical sense) energy-momentum tensor. The renormalization is necessary to take into account the effect of external constraints, which affect the emission considerably. Vibrating media offer in general a testing ground for reconciling conflicts between General Relativity and other branches of physics; however, constraints are absent in sources like the Weber bar, for which the standard covariant formalism for elastic bodies can also be applied. Our solution method is based on the linearized Einstein equations, but relaxes other usual assumptions like far-field approximation, spherical or plane wave symmetry, TT gauge and source without internal interference. The string solution is then adapted to give the radiation field of a transversal Alfven wave in a rarefied plasma, where the tension is produced by an external static magnetic field. Like for the string, the field strength turns out to be independent from the frequency. We give a preliminary example of a numerical solution based on parameters referred to Alfven waves in the solar corona. Further astrophysical applications require an extension of the solution procedure to second order in the amplitude, and consideration of border effects. Future work will also address numerical and analytical near-field solutions.
description: 19 pages, 4 figures. Submitted for the proceedings of "Unified Field Mechanics: Natural Science Beyond the Veil of Spacetime", 9th Symposium in Honour of J.-P. Vigier, World Scientific, 2015
Differential Dopamine Release Dynamics in the Nucleus Accumbens Core and Shell Reveal Complementary Signals for Error Prediction and Incentive Motivation
Creators: name: Saddoris, Michael P.
name: Wightman, R. Mark
name: Carelli, Regina M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Mesolimbic dopamine (DA) is phasically released during appetitive behaviors, though there is substantive disagreement about the specific purpose of these DA signals. For example, prediction error (PE) models suggest a role of learning, while incentive salience (IS) models argue that the DA signal imbues stimuli with value and thereby stimulates motivated behavior. However, within the nucleus accumbens (NAc) patterns of DA release can strikingly differ between subregions, and as such, it is possible that these patterns differentially contribute to aspects of PE and IS. To assess this, we measured DA release in subregions of the NAc during a behavioral task that spatiotemporally separated sequential goal-directed stimuli. Electrochemical methods were used to measure subsecond NAc dopamine release in the core and shell during a well learned instrumental chain schedule in which rats were trained to press one lever (seeking; SL) to gain access to a second lever (taking; TL) linked with food delivery, and again during extinction. In the core, phasic DA release was greatest following initial SL presentation, but minimal for the subsequent TL and reward events. In contrast, phasic shell DA showed robust release at all task events. Signaling decreased between the beginning and end of sessions in the shell, but not core. During extinction, peak DA release in the core showed a graded decrease for the SL and pauses in release during omitted expected rewards, whereas shell DA release decreased predominantly during the TL. These release dynamics suggest parallel DA signals capable of supporting distinct theories of appetitive behavior.
Brownian dynamics simulations of hard rods in external fields and with contact interactions
Creators: name: Antonov, Alexander P.
name: Schweers, Sören
name: Ryabov, Artem
name: Maass, Philipp
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a simulation method for Brownian dynamics of hard rods in one dimension for arbitrary continuous external force fields. It is an event-driven procedure based on the fragmentation and mergers of clusters formed by particles in contact. It allows one to treat particle interactions in addition to the hard-sphere exclusion as long as the corresponding interaction forces are continuous functions of the particle coordinates. We furthermore develop a treatment of sticky hard spheres as described by Baxter's contact interaction potential.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
Cosmological and Solar System Consequences of f(R,T) Gravity Models
Creators: name: Shabani, Hamid
name: Farhoudi, Mehrdad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To find more deliberate f(R,T) cosmological solutions, we proceed our previous paper further by studying some new aspects of the considered models via investigation of some new cosmological parameters/quantities to attain the most acceptable cosmological results. Our investigations are performed by applying the dynamical system approach. We obtain the cosmological parameters/quantities in terms of some defined dimensionless parameters that are used in constructing the dynamical equations of motion. The investigated parameters/quantities are the evolution of the Hubble parameter and its inverse, the "weight function", the ratio of the matter density to the dark energy density and its time variation, the deceleration, the jerk and the snap parameters, and the equation-of-state parameter of the dark energy. We numerically examine these quantities for two general models $R+αR^{-n}+\sqrt{-T}$ and $R\log{[αR]}^{q}+\sqrt{-T}$. All considered models have some inconsistent quantities (with respect to the available observational data), except the model with n=-0.9 which has more consistent quantities than the other ones. By considering the ratio of the matter density to the dark energy density, we find that the coincidence problem does~not refer to a unique cosmological event, rather, this coincidence also occurred in the early universe. We also present the cosmological solutions for an interesting model $R+c_{1}\sqrt{-T}$ in the non--flat FLRW metric. We show that this model has an attractor solution for the late times, though with $w^{(\textrm{DE})}=-1/2$. This model indicates that the spatial curvature density parameter gets negligible values until the present era, in which it acquires the values of the order $10^{-4}$ or $10^{-3}$. As the second part of this work, we consider the weak-field [It continues ...]
description: a few changes done
Всероссийская сельскохозяйственная перепись 2016 года как источник предложений по совершенствованию аграрной и сельской политики и стимулированию развития различных категорий хозяйств
Creators: name: Петриков А. В.
Publisher: name: Московский экономический журнал
Year: 2018
Subjects: всероссийская сельскохозяйственная перепись
аграрная политика
сельскохозяйственные организации
крестьянские (фермерские) хозяйства
индивидуальные предприниматели
личные подсобные хозяйства
сельскохозяйственный потенциал.
all-Russian agricultural census
agricultural policy
agricultural organizations
peasant (farmer) farms
individual entrepreneurs
personal subsidiary farms
agricultural potential

description: В статье рассматривается значение Всероссийских сельскохозяйственных переписей 2006 и 2016 годов для совершенствования аграрной политики страны. Отмечается роль Всероссийской сельскохозяйственной переписи 2006 года в обосновании принятия Государственной программы развития сельского хозяйства 2008-2012 годов. На основе анализа основных итогов Всероссийской сельскохозяйственной переписи 2016 года в сравнении с данными Всероссийской сельскохозяйственной переписи 2006 года делается вывод о целесообразности сохранения действующего формата аграрной политики при одновременном его совершенствовании по следующим основным направлениям: (1) приоритетная поддержка крестьянских (фермерских) хозяйств и других форм малого и среднего бизнеса; (2) стимулирование инновационного развития сельского хозяйства; (3) диверсификация сельской экономики и поддержка регионов с неблагоприятным социально-демографическим развитием.
description: The article considers the importance of the all-Russian agricultural censuses of 2006 and 2016 for the improvement of the agrarian policy of the country. The role of the all-Russian agricultural census of 2006 in justification of adoption of the State program of development of agriculture of 2008-2012 is noted. Based on the analysis of the main results of the all-Russian agricultural census of 2016 in comparison with the data of the all-Russian agricultural census of 2006, it is concluded that it is advisable to maintain the current format of agricultural policy while improving it in the following main areas: (1) priority support for peasant (farmer) farms and other forms of small and medium-sized businesses; (2) stimulation of innovative development of agriculture; (3) diversification of rural economy and support of regions with unfavorable socio-demographic development
HARPO: a TPC as a gamma-ray telescope and polarimeter
Creators: name: Bernard, Denis
name: Bruel, Philippe
name: Frotin, Mickael
name: Geerebaert, Yannick
name: Giebels, Berrie
name: Gros, Philippe
name: Horan, Deirdre
name: Louzir, Marc
name: Poilleux, Patrick
name: Semeniouk, Igor
name: Wang, Shaobo
name: Anvar, Shebli
name: Attié, David
name: Colas, Paul
name: Delbart, Alain
name: Sizun, Patrick
name: Götz, Diego
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A gas Time Projection Chamber can be used for gamma-ray astronomy with excellent angular-precision and sensitivity to faint sources, and for polarimetry, through the measurement of photon conversion to $e^+e^-$ pairs. We present the expected performance in simulations and the recent development of a demonstrator for tests in a polarized photon beam.
description: SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, Ultraviolet to gamma ray, Montr\'eal, Canada 2014. v2: note added in proof. Copyright 2014 SPIE. One print or electronic copy may be made for personal use only. Systematic reproduction and distribution, duplication of any material in this paper for a fee or for commercial purposes, or modification of the content of the paper are prohibited
Gaia l’investigatrice, così stana coppie di buchi neri
Creators: Ufficio stampa Inaf
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2022

Un team di astrofisici guidato da Filippo Mannucci dell’Inaf di Arcetri ha ideato un nuovo metodo per individuare rapidamente e sull’intero cielo coppie di buchi neri supermassicci. La tecnica si avvale dei dati raccolti dal telescopio spaziale Gaia dell’Esa ed è stata confermata da osservazioni con Hubble, Lbt e altri grandi telescopi da terra. I risultati sono descritti in un articolo pubblicato oggi su Nature Astronomy
Un pianeta oceanico nella costellazione del Drago
Creators: Federico Di Giacomo
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2022

Grazie ai dati raccolti dal telescopio spaziale Tess e dal Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope, un team internazionale di astronomi guidato dall’Università di Montreal ha scoperto, a circa cento anni luce dalla Terra, un cosiddetto “pianeta oceanico”: vale a dire, un mondo che potrebbe essere completamente ricoperto d'acqua
Delta-function Interactions for the Bosonic and Spinning Strings and the Generation of Abelian Gauge Theory
Creators: name: Edwards, James P.
name: Mansfield, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct contact interactions for bosonic and spinning strings. In the tensionless limit of the spinning string this reproduces the super-Wilson loop that couples spinor matter to Abelian gauge theory. Adding boundary terms that quantise the motion of charges results in a string model equivalent to spinor QED. The strings represent lines of electric flux connected to the charges. The purely bosonic model is spoilt by divergences that are excluded from the spinning model by world-sheet supersymmetry, indicating a preference for spinor matter.
description: 68 pages, 9 figures Minor corrections to Appendix C
Global well-posedness of the viscous Camassa--Holm equation with gradient noise
Creators: name: Holden, Helge
name: Karlsen, Kenneth H.
name: Pang, Peter H. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 35R60, 35G25, 60H15, Secondary: 35A01, 35A02

description: We analyse a nonlinear stochastic partial differential equation that corresponds to a viscous shallow water equation (of the Camassa--Holm type) perturbed by a convective, position-dependent noise term. We establish the existence of weak solutions in $H^m$ ($m\in\mathbb{N}$) using Galerkin approximations and the stochastic compactness method. We derive a series of a priori estimates that combine a model-specific energy law with non-standard regularity estimates. We make systematic use of a stochastic Gronwall inequality and also stopping time techniques. The proof of convergence to a solution argues via tightness of the laws of the Galerkin solutions, and Skorokhod--Jakubowski a.s. representations of random variables in quasi-Polish spaces. The spatially dependent noise function constitutes a complication throughout the analysis, repeatedly giving rise to nonlinear terms that "balance" the martingale part of the equation against the second-order Stratonovich-to-Itô correction term. Finally, via pathwise uniqueness, we conclude that the constructed solutions are probabilistically strong. The uniqueness proof is based on a finite-dimensional Itô formula and a DiPerna--Lions type regularisation procedure, where the regularisation errors are controlled by first and second order commutators.
description: 49 pages; typos and references amended, one subsection streamlined
Mapping Synapses by Conjugate Light-Electron Array Tomography
Creators: name: Collman, F.
name: Buchanan, J.
name: Micheva, K. D.
name: Phend, K. D.
name: Weinberg, R. J.
name: Smith, S. J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Synapses of the mammalian CNS are diverse in size, structure, molecular composition, and function. Synapses in their myriad variations are fundamental to neural circuit development, homeostasis, plasticity, and memory storage. Unfortunately, quantitative analysis and mapping of the brain's heterogeneous synapse populations has been limited by the lack of adequate single-synapse measurement methods. Electron microscopy (EM) is the definitive means to recognize and measure individual synaptic contacts, but EM has only limited abilities to measure the molecular composition of synapses. This report describes conjugate array tomography (AT), a volumetric imaging method that integrates immunofluorescence and EM imaging modalities in voxel-conjugate fashion. We illustrate the use of conjugate AT to advance the proteometric measurement of EM-validated single-synapse analysis in a study of mouse cortex.
Trentesimo volo per Ingenuity
Creators: Marco Malaspina
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2022

Dopo una sosta forzata durata oltre due mesi, dovuta alle rigide condizioni dell’inverno marziano che non consentono una carica ottimale della batteria, sabato scorso l’elicotterino della Nasa si è alzato in volo a due metri dal suolo per 33 secondi: quanto basta per verificare che tutto fosse ancora in funzione e per scrollarsi di dosso un po’ di polvere. Nelle prossime settimane la durata dei voli dovrebbe di nuovo aumentare
Mechanism-Based Combination Treatment Dramatically Increases Therapeutic Efficacy in Murine Globoid Cell Leukodystrophy
Creators: name: Ory, D. S.
name: Guzman, A. M.
name: Li, Y.
name: Jiang, X.
name: Reddy, A. S.
name: Hawkins-Salsbury, J. A.
name: Qin, E. Y.
name: Gray, S. J.
name: Shea, L.
name: Sands, M. S.
name: Hunter, D. A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD, Krabbe disease) is a lysosomal storage disease (LSD) caused by a deficiency in galactocerebrosidase (GALC) activity. In the absence of GALC activity, the cytotoxic lipid, galactosylsphingosine (psychosine), accumulates in the CNS and peripheral nervous system. Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells are particularly sensitive to psychosine, thus leading to a demyelinating phenotype. Although hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation provides modest benefit in both presymptomatic children and the murine model (Twitcher), there is no cure for GLD. In addition, GLD has been relatively refractory to virtually every experimental therapy attempted. Here, Twitcher mice were simultaneously treated with CNS-directed gene therapy, substrate reduction therapy, and bone marrow transplantation to target the primary pathogenic mechanism (GALC deficiency) and two secondary consequences of GALC deficiency (psychosine accumulation and neuroinflammation). Simultaneously treating multiple pathogenic targets resulted in an unprecedented increase in life span with improved motor function, persistent GALC expression, nearly normal psychosine levels, and decreased neuroinflammation. Treating the primary pathogenic mechanism and secondary targets will likely improve therapeutic efficacy for other LSDs with complex pathological and clinical presentations.
Supplementary Materials for unpublished manuscript by Sánchez-Megías et al.
Creators: name: Sánchez-Megías, Andreu
name: Galán-Plana, Carlota F.
name: Mirghani, Nadia
name: Dotras, Laia
name: Galbany, Jordi
name: Llana, Manuel
name: Arroyo, Adrián
name: Renelies-Hamilton, Justinn
name: Hernandez-Aguilar, R. Adriana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Dataset S1 and Movies S1-S3 for unpublished manuscript by Sánchez-Megías et al.
The Tip of the Red Giant Branch Distance to the Perfect Spiral Galaxy M74 Hosting Three Core-Collapse Supernovae
Creators: name: Jang, In Sung
name: Lee, Myung Gyoon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: M74 (NGC 628) is a famous face-on spiral galaxy, hosting three core-collapse supernovae (SNe):SN Ic 2002ap, SN II-P 2003gd, and SN II-P 2013ej. However its distance is not well known. We present a distance estimation for this galaxy based on the Tip of the Red Giant Branch (TRGB) method. We obtain photometry of the resolved stars in the arm-free region of M74 from F555W and F814W images in the Hubble Space Telescope archive. The color-magnitude diagram of the resolved stars shows a dominant red giant branch (RGB) as well as blue main sequence stars, red helium burning stars, and asymptotic giant branch stars. The I-band luminosity function of the RGB stars shows the TRGB to be at I_TRGB = 26.13 pm 0.03 mag, and T_RGB = 25.97 pm 0.03. From this we derive the distance modulus to M74 to be 30.04 pm 0.04 (random) pm 0.12 (systematic) (corresponding to a linear distance, 10.19 pm 0.14 pm 0.56 Mpc). With this distance estimate, we calibrate the standardized candle method for SNe II-P. From the absolute magnitudes of SN 2003gd, we derive a value of the Hubble constant, H_0 = 72 pm 6 (random) pm 7 (systematic) km s^-1 Mpc^-1. It is similar to recent estimates based on the luminosity calibration of Type Ia supernovae.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables, minor changes to agree with published version
Prenatal Drug Exposure Affects Neonatal Brain Functional Connectivity
Creators: name: Grewen, K. M.
name: Vachet, C.
name: Salzwedel, A. P.
name: Gerig, G.
name: Lin, W.
name: Gao, W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Prenatal drug exposure, particularly prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE), incurs great public and scientific interest because of its associated neurodevelopmental consequences. However, the neural underpinnings of PCE remain essentially uncharted, and existing studies in school-aged children and adolescents are confounded greatly by postnatal environmental factors. In this study, leveraging a large neonate sample (N = 152) and non-invasive resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, we compared human infants with PCE comorbid with other drugs (such as nicotine, alcohol, marijuana, and antidepressant) with infants with similar non-cocaine poly drug exposure and drug-free controls. We aimed to characterize the neural correlates of PCE based on functional connectivity measurements of the amygdala and insula at the earliest stage of development. Our results revealed common drug exposure-related connectivity disruptions within the amygdala–frontal, insula–frontal, and insula–sensorimotor circuits. Moreover, a cocaine-specific effect was detected within a subregion of the amygdala–frontal network. This pathway is thought to play an important role in arousal regulation, which has been shown to be irregular in PCE infants and adolescents. These novel results provide the earliest human-based functional delineations of the neural-developmental consequences of prenatal drug exposure and thus open a new window for the advancement of effective strategies aimed at early risk identification and intervention.
The Interfacial Structure of InP(100) in Contact with HCl and H$_2$SO$_4$ studied by Reflection Anisotropy Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Löw, Mario
name: Guidat, Margot
name: Kim, Jongmin
name: May, Matthias M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Indium phosphide and derived compound semiconductors are materials often involved in high-efficiency solar water splitting due to their versatile opto-electronic properties. Surface corrosion, however, typically deteriorates the performance of photoelectrochemical solar cells based on this material class. It has been reported that (photo)electrochemical surface functionalisation protects the surface by combining etching and controlled corrosion. Nevertheless, the overall involved process is not fully understood. Therefore, access to the electrochemical interface structure under operando conditions is crucial for a more detailed understanding. One approach for gaining structural insight is the use of operando reflection anisotropy spectroscopy. This technique allows the time-resolved investigation of the interfacial structure while applying potentials in the electrolyte. In this study, p-doped InP(100) surfaces are cycled between anodic and cathodic potentials in two different electrolytes, hydrochloric acid and sulphuric acid. For low, 10 mM electrolyte concentrations, we observe a reversible processes related to the reduction of a surface oxide phase in the cathodic potential range which is reformed near open-circuit potentials. Higher concentrations of 0.5 N, however, already lead to initial surface corrosion.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Reward Region Responsivity Predicts Future Weight Gain and Moderating Effects of the TaqIA Allele
Creators: name: Burger, K. S.
name: Yokum, S.
name: Stice, E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Because no large prospective study has investigated neural vulnerability factors that predict future weight gain, we tested whether neural response to receipt and anticipated receipt of palatable food and monetary reward predicted body fat gain over a 3-year follow-up in healthy-weight adolescent humans and whether the TaqIA polymorphism moderates these relations. A total of 153 adolescents completed fMRI paradigms assessing response to these events; body fat was assessed annually over follow-up. Elevated orbitofrontal cortex response to cues signaling impending milkshake receipt predicted future body fat gain (r = 0.32), which is a novel finding that provides support for the incentive sensitization theory of obesity. Neural response to receipt and anticipated receipt of monetary reward did not predict body fat gain, which has not been tested previously. Replicating an earlier finding (Stice et al., 2008a), elevated caudate response to milkshake receipt predicted body fat gain for adolescents with a genetic propensity for greater dopamine signaling by virtue of possessing the TaqIA A2/A2 allele, but lower caudate response predicted body fat gain for adolescents with a genetic propensity for less dopamine signaling by virtue of possessing a TaqIA A1 allele, though this interaction was only marginal [p-value <0.05 corrected using voxel-level familywise error rate (pFWE) = 0.06]. Parental obesity, which correlated with TaqIA allele status (odds ratio = 2.7), similarly moderated the relation of caudate response to milkshake receipt to future body fat gain, which is another novel finding. The former interaction implies that too much or too little dopamine signaling and reward region responsivity increases risk for overeating, suggesting qualitatively distinct reward surfeit and reward deficit pathways to obesity.
100 let budovy Laboratoří primární metrologie ČMI v Praze
Creators: name: Křen, Petr
Publisher: name: Český metrologický institut
Year: 2023

description: Publikace popisuje vývoj metrologie ke 100. výročí budovy Laboratoře primární metrologie (LPM) Českého metrologického institutu (ČMI) na adrese V Botanice 4 v Praze dostavěné v roce 1923. Popisuje hlouběji i vývoj etalonů a dalších aspektů metrologie. Část je věnována i popisu původního místa, kde se budova nachází a kde byla v minulosti botanická zahrada.
The publication describes the development of metrology for the 100th anniversary of the building of the Laboratories for Fundamental Metrology (LFM) of the Czech Metrological Institute (ČMI) at V Botanice 4 in Prague, completed in 1923. It also describes in more depth the development of standards and other aspects of metrology. A part is also devoted to the description of the original place, where the building is located and where the botanical garden was in the past.
Keplerian periodogram for Doppler exoplanets detection: optimized computation and analytic significance thresholds
Creators: name: Baluev, Roman V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the so-called Keplerian periodogram, in which the putative detectable signal is modelled by a highly non-linear Keplerian radial velocity function, appearing in Doppler exoplanetary surveys. We demonstrate that for planets on high-eccentricity orbits the Keplerian periodogram is far more efficient than the classic Lomb-Scargle periodogram and even the multiharmonic periodograms, in which the periodic signal is approximated by a truncated Fourier series. We provide new numerical algorithm for computation of the Keplerian periodogram. This algorithm adaptively increases the parameteric resolution where necessary, in order to uniformly cover all local optima of the Keplerian fit. Thanks to this improvement, the algorithm provides more smooth and reliable results with minimized computing demands. We also derive a fast analytic approximation to the false alarm probability levels of the Keplerian periodogram. This approximation has the form $(P z^{3/2} + Q z) W \exp(-z)$, where $z$ is the observed periodogram maximum, $W$ is proportional to the settled frequency range, and the coefficients $P$ and $Q$ depend on the maximum eccentricity to scan.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures; Accepted for publication in MNRAS; the PlanetPack2 code implementing the Keplerian periodogram computing can be downloaded at http://sourceforge.net/projects/planetpack
Spatial Patterns, Longitudinal Development, and Hemispheric Asymmetries of Cortical Thickness in Infants from Birth to 2 Years of Age
Creators: name: Shen, D.
name: Lin, W.
name: Gilmore, J. H.
name: Li, G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Cortical thickness (CT) is related to normal development and neurodevelopmental disorders. It remains largely unclear how the characteristic patterns of CT evolve in the first 2 years. In this paper, we systematically characterized for the first time the detailed vertex-wise patterns of spatial distribution, longitudinal development, and hemispheric asymmetries of CT at 0, 1, and 2 years of age, via surface-based analysis of 219 longitudinal magnetic resonance images from 73 infants. Despite the dynamic increase of CT in the first year and the little change of CT in the second year, we found that the overall spatial distribution of thin and thick cortices was largely present at birth, and evolved only modestly during the first 2 years. Specifically, the precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus, occipital cortex, and superior parietal region had thin cortices, whereas the prefrontal, lateral temporal, insula, and inferior parietal regions had thick cortices. We revealed that in the first year thin cortices exhibited low growth rates of CT, whereas thick cortices exhibited high growth rates. We also found that gyri were thicker than sulci, and that the anterior bank of the central sulcus was thicker than the posterior bank. Moreover, we showed rightward hemispheric asymmetries of CT in the lateral temporal and posterior insula regions at birth, which shrank gradually in the first 2 years, and also leftward asymmetries in the medial prefrontal, paracentral, and anterior cingulate cortices, which expanded substantially during this period. This study provides the first comprehensive picture of early patterns and evolution of CT during infancy.
Topological and AIM analyses beyond the Born-Oppenheimer paradigm: New opportunities
Creators: name: Goli, Mohammad
name: Shahbazian, Shant
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The multi-component quantum theory of atoms in molecules (MC-QTAIM) analysis is done on methane, ethylene, acetylene and benzene as selected basic hydrocarbons. This is the first report on applying the MC-QTAIM analysis on polyatomic species. In order to perform the MC-QTAIM analysis, at first step the nuclear-electronic orbital method at Hartree-Fock level (NEO-HF) is used as a non-Born-Oppenheimer (nBO) ab initio computational procedure assuming both electrons and protons as quantum waves while carbon nuclei as point charges in these systems. The ab initio calculations proceed substituting all the protons of each species first with deuterons and then tritons. At the next step, the derived nBO wavefunctions are used for the "atoms in molecules" (AIM) analysis. The results of topological analysis and integration of atomic properties demonstrate that the MC-QTAIM is capable of deciphering the underlying AIM structure of all the considered species. Also, the results of the analysis for each isotopic composition are distinct and the fingerprint of the mass difference of hydrogen isotopes is clearly seen in both topological and AIM analyses. This isotopic distinction is quite unique in the MC-QTAIM and not recovered by the orthodox QTAIM that treats nuclei as clamped particles. The results of the analysis also demonstrate that each quantum nucleus that forms an atomic basin resides within its own basin. The confinement of quantum nuclei within a single basin is used to simplify the basic equations of the MC-QTAIM paving the way for future theoretical studies.
description: 31 pages, 1 Figure
The dynamics of two entangled qubits exposed to classical noise: role of spatial and temporal noise correlations
Creators: name: Szańkowski, P.
name: Trippenbach, M.
name: Cywiński, Ł.
name: Band, Y. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the decay of two-qubit entanglement caused by the influence of classical noise. We consider the whole spectrum of cases ranging from independent to fully correlated noise affecting each qubit. We take into account different spatial symmetries of noises, and the regimes of noise autocorrelation time. The latter can be either much shorter than the characteristic qubit decoherence time (Markovian decoherence), or much longer (approaching the quasi-static bath limit). We express the entanglement of two-qubit states in terms of expectation values of spherical tensor operators which allows for transparent insight into the role of the symmetry of both the two-qubit state and the noise for entanglement dynamics.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures
Risolto il “cold case” del monossido di carbonio
Creators: Maura Sandri
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2022

Per un decennio gli astronomi si sono chiesti il motivo del deficit di monossido di carbonio nei dischi protoplanetari, rispetto a quanto previsto dai loro modelli. Ora, per la prima volta, un gruppo di ricercatori ha capito che in realtà il composto è ben presente nei dischi ma sotto un’altra forma, non facilmente rilevabile con le attuali tecnologie: il ghiaccio. Tutti i dettagli su Nature Astronomy
Self-force correction to the deflection angle in black-hole scattering: a scalar charge toy model
Creators: name: Barack, Leor
name: Long, Oliver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using self-force methods, we consider the hyperbolic-type scattering of a pointlike particle carrying a scalar charge $Q$ off a Schwarzschild black hole. For given initial velocity and impact parameter, back-reaction from the scalar field modifies the scattering angle by an amount $\propto\! Q^2$, which we calculate numerically for a large sample of orbits (neglecting the gravitational self-force). Our results probe both strong-field and field-weak scenarios, and in the latter case we find a good agreement with post-Minkowskian expressions. The scalar-field self-force has a component tangent to the four-velocity that exchanges particle's mass with scalar-field energy, and we also compute this mass exchange as a function along the orbit. The expressions we derive for the scattering angle (in terms of certain integrals of the self-force along the orbit) can be used to obtain the gravitational self-force correction to the angle in the physical problem of a binary black hole with a large mass ratio. We discuss the remaining steps necessary to achieve this goal.
description: 25 pages, 10 figures; v2 additional sentence below Eq. (125) and updated references; v3 minor edits to match published version
Non-equilibrium thermodynamics approach to open quantum systems
Creators: name: Semin, Vitalii
name: Petruccione, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Open quantum systems are studied from the thermodynamical point of view unifying the principle of maximum informational entropy and the hypothesis of relaxation times hierarchy. The result of the unification is a non-Markovian and local in time master equation that provides a direct connection of dynamical and thermodynamical properties of open quantum systems. The power of the approach is illustrated with the application to the damped harmonic oscillator and the damped driven two-level system resulting in analytical expressions for the non-Markovian and non-equilibrium entropy and inverse temperature.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures
Phantom cosmologies from QCD ghost dark energy
Creators: name: Cruz, Miguel
name: Lepe, Samuel
name: Soto, Germán E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review a dynamical dark energy model scarcely studied in the literature and we introduce two possible generalizations. We discuss separately the behavior of the original model and a minimal extension of it by exploring some early and late times limits, we find that the cosmic components are related by their parameters state. In order to have access to the phantom regime we present two dark energy densities inspired from the holographic approach and from the emergent entropic forces model in the early universe. For the first case we obtain a Type III singularity and in the second proposal we have a transition from decelerated to accelerated cosmic expansion that starts as phantom type. However, the final stage of the universe is a de Sitter state.
description: 16 pages, 1 figure. Accepted for publication in PRD
Challenging Nurses’ Cultural Competence of Disability to Improve Interpersonal Interactions
Creators: name: Roscigno, Cecelia I.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Worldwide, at least 6.9 billion people have an impairment producing health condition (IPHC). Insensitive encounters with health care providers (HCPs) can result in negative appraisals, fear, and avoidance, but little is known about what things are commonly perceived as insensitive. A review of published narratives describing negative encounters with HCPs was conducted. Narrative analysis was used to compare, contrast, and synthesize six themes describing the common negative encounters: (a) ignoring or minimizing their knowledge; (b) detached interpersonal interactions; (c) placing a negative skew on their life quality; (d) a lack of HCP knowledge related to their complete needs; (e) assuming they should be asexual and childless; and, (f) an inherent power differential. The medical model of disability is perceived by individuals with IPHCs to inform negative encounters perceived as insensitive. This preliminary knowledge is important so we can address education needs, plan future research questions, and establish clinical practice improvements.
Sex classification from evoked activity during naturalistic viewing
Creators: name: Li, Xuan
name: Fleig, Maïwenn
name: Friedrich, Patrick
name: Eickhoff, Simon
name: Weis, Susanne
Publisher: name: Forschungzentrum Jülich
Year: 2023

description: INM Retreat, Jülich, Germany, 17 Oct 2023 - 18 Oct 2023
Acqua su Marte, ecco la mappa
Creators: Maura Sandri
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2022

È stata rilasciata una nuova mappa del Pianeta rosso che ne evidenzia i giacimenti minerari. Meticolosamente preparata nell'ultimo decennio utilizzando i dati degli strumenti Eau, Omega e Crism, la mappa mostra le posizioni e le abbondanze dei minerali idratati e suggerisce quali potrebbero essere i luoghi migliori in cui inviare le prossime missioni. Tutti i dettagli su Icarus
R136a1, la stella più massiccia dell’universo in HD
Creators: Giuseppe Fiasconaro
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2022

Utilizzando lo strumento Zorro montato sul telescopio cileno Gemini South dell'International Gemini Observatory, un gruppo di astronomi ha ottenuto l'immagine più nitida mai realizzata prima di R136a1, un colosso di massa compresa fra 170 e 230 masse solari. Meno massiccia di quanto si pensasse in precedenza, ma comunque ben salda sul gradino più alto del podio dei pesi massimi. I risultati dello studio sono riportati in un articolo in uscita su ApJ