cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A First Look at Galaxy Flyby Interactions: I. Characterizing the Frequency of Flybys in a Cosmological Context
Creators: name: Sinha, Manodeep
name: Holley-Bockelmann, Kelly
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hierarchical structure formation theory is based on the notion that mergers drive galaxy evolution, so a considerable framework of semi-analytic models and N-body simulations has been constructed to calculate how mergers transform a growing galaxy. However, galaxy mergers are only one type of major dynamical interaction between halos -- another class of encounter, a close flyby, has been largely ignored. We use cosmological N-body simulations to reconstruct the entire dynamical interaction history of dark matter halos. We present a careful method of identifying and tracking a dark matter halo which resolves the typical classes of anomalies that occur in N-body data. This technique allows us to robustly follow halos and several hierarchical levels of subhalos as they grow, dissolve, merge, and flyby one another -- thereby constructing both a census of the dynamical interactions in a volume and an archive of the dynamical evolution of an individual halo. In addition to a census of mergers, our tool characterizes the frequency of close flyby interactions in the Universe. We find that the number of close flyby interactions is comparable to, or even surpasses, the number of mergers for halo masses $\gtrsim 10^{11}\,\Msun$ at $z \lesssim 2$. Halo flybys occur so frequently to high mass halos that they are continually perturbed, unable to reach a dynamical equilibrium. In particular, we find that Milky Way type halos undergo a similar number of flybys as mergers irrespective of mass-ratio for $z\lesssim 2$. We also find tentative evidence that at high redshift, $z \gtrsim 14$, flybys are as frequent as mergers. Our results suggest that close halo flybys can play an important role in the evolution of the earliest dark matter halos and their galaxies, and can still influence galaxy evolution at the present epoch. [Abridged]
description: Replaced to match version accepted to ApJ. Figure resolution degraded for arXiv limits, full resolution paper available at http://astro.phy.vanderbilt.edu/~sinham/research.html
The neonatal southern white rhinoceros ovary contains oogonia in germ cell nests
Creators: name: Appeltant, Ruth
name: Hermes, Robert
name: Holtze, Susanne
name: Modina, Silvia Clotilde
name: Galli, Cesare
name: Bjarkadottir, Briet. D.
name: Adeniran, Babatomisin V.
name: Wei, Xi
name: Swegen, Aleona
name: Hildebrandt, Thomas Bernd
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Animal physiology
subject: Oogenesis
subject: southern white rhinoceros
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: The northern white rhinoceros is functionally extinct with only two females left. Establishing methods to culture ovarian tissues, follicles, and oocytes to generate eggs will support conservation efforts using in vitro embryo production. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of the structure and molecular signature of any rhinoceros, more specifically, we describe the neonatal and adult southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum) ovary; the closest relation of the northern white rhinoceros. Interestingly, all ovaries contain follicles despite advanced age. Analysis of the neonate reveals a population of cells molecularly characterised as mitotically active, pluripotent with germ cell properties. These results indicate that unusually, the neonatal ovary still contains oogonia in germ cell nests at birth, providing an opportunity for fertility preservation. Therefore, utilising ovaries from stillborn and adult rhinoceros can provide cells for advanced assisted reproductive technologies and investigating the neonatal ovaries of other endangered species is crucial for conservation.
Prototypical Calibrating Ambiguous Samples for Micro-Action Recognition
Creators: name: Li, Kun
name: Guo, Dan
name: Chen, Guoliang
name: Fan, Chunxiao
name: Xu, Jingyuan
name: Wu, Zhiliang
name: Fan, Hehe
name: Wang, Meng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Micro-Action Recognition (MAR) has gained increasing attention due to its crucial role as a form of non-verbal communication in social interactions, with promising potential for applications in human communication and emotion analysis. However, current approaches often overlook the inherent ambiguity in micro-actions, which arises from the wide category range and subtle visual differences between categories. This oversight hampers the accuracy of micro-action recognition. In this paper, we propose a novel Prototypical Calibrating Ambiguous Network (PCAN) to unleash and mitigate the ambiguity of MAR. Firstly, we employ a hierarchical action-tree to identify the ambiguous sample, categorizing them into distinct sets of ambiguous samples of false negatives and false positives, considering both body- and action-level categories. Secondly, we implement an ambiguous contrastive refinement module to calibrate these ambiguous samples by regulating the distance between ambiguous samples and their corresponding prototypes. This calibration process aims to pull false negative (FN) samples closer to their respective prototypes and push false positive (FP) samples apart from their affiliated prototypes. In addition, we propose a new prototypical diversity amplification loss to strengthen the model's capacity by amplifying the differences between different prototypes. Finally, we propose a prototype-guided rectification to rectify prediction by incorporating the representability of prototypes. Extensive experiments conducted on the benchmark dataset demonstrate the superior performance of our method compared to existing approaches. The code is available at https://github.com/kunli-cs/PCAN.
description: Fix typos; Accepted by AAAI 2025
The Polycomb repressive complex 2 deposits H3K27me3 and represses transposable elements in a broad range of eukaryotes
Creators: name: Hisanaga, Tetsuya
name: Romani, Facundo
name: Wu, Shuangyang
name: Kowar, Teresa
name: Wu, Yue
name: Lintermann, Ruth
name: Fridrich, Arie
name: Cho, Chung Hyun
name: Chaumier, Timothee
name: Schubert, Daniel
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: evolution
subject: chromatin
subject: transposon
subject: H3K27me3
subject: PRC2
subject: Marchantia polymorpha
subject: Anthoceros agrestis
subject: Cyanidioschyzon merolae
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: The mobility of transposable elements (TEs) contributes to evolution of genomes. Their uncontrolled activity causes genomic instability; therefore, expression of TEs is silenced by host genomes. TEs are marked with DNA and H3K9 methylation, which are associated with silencing in flowering plants, animals, and fungi. However, in distantly related groups of eukaryotes, TEs are marked by H3K27me3 deposited by the Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), an epigenetic mark associated with gene silencing in flowering plants and animals. The direct silencing of TEs by PRC2 has so far only been shown in one species of ciliates. To test if PRC2 silences TEs in a broader range of eukaryotes, we generated mutants with reduced PRC2 activity and analyzed the role of PRC2 in extant species along the lineage of Archaeplastida and in the diatom P. tricornutum. In this diatom and the red alga C. merolae, a greater proportion of TEs than genes were repressed by PRC2, whereas a greater proportion of genes than TEs were repressed by PRC2 in bryophytes. In flowering plants, TEs contained potential cis-elements recognized by transcription factors and associated with neighbor genes as transcriptional units repressed by PRC2. Thus, silencing of TEs by PRC2 is observed not only in Archaeplastida but also in diatoms and ciliates, suggesting that PRC2 deposited H3K27me3 to silence TEs in the last common ancestor of eukaryotes. We hypothesize that during the evolution of Archaeplastida, TE fragments marked with H3K27me3 were selected to shape transcriptional regulation, controlling networks of genes regulated by PRC2.
Investigating human impacts to coral reefs in the Republic of the Marshall Islands
Creators: name: Cannon, Sara E.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Both local and global threats are affecting the health of coral reefs worldwide. In addition to endangering the livelihoods and source of food for millions of people, threats to coral reefs may result in flattening reefs, which reduce habitat complexity and the ability of reefs to protect shorelines from erosion. This could be particularly detrimental to low-lying Pacific atolls like those found in the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI). I examined the influence of local human disturbance and heat stress on coral and algal community composition in Majuro and Arno Atolls in the RMI to explore how human disturbance affects coral and algal communities, and how to best characterize those communities. With a population of approximately 30,000 people, Majuro is home to the largest population of all of the RMI's 29 atolls and underwent extensive human modifications after American occupation during World War II. By contrast, Arno is home to fewer than 2,000 people and has remained relatively undisturbed. In June of 2016, I conducted benthic surveys at 25 sites along a gradient of human impacts across the two atolls. At each site at 10m depth, I measured percent cover of coral and algae genera and size-frequency of coral. I also utilized limited historical data to explore how reefs had recovered after a thermal stress event in 2014. In order to estimate human disturbance, I used the mean normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of the nearby coastline, which measures vegetation intensity. The coral and macroalgae composition of sites differed by atoll, mean NDVI, and wind and wave exposure, but not by sea surface temperature. The most degraded sites had low macroalgae cover and were dominated by turf algae, sponges, and cyanobacteria. One genus of macroalgae, Halimeda, was associated with sites that had low disturbance, while another, Hypnea, was correlated with higher disturbance. These results suggest that using macroalgae as an indicator of degradation may mask the influence of local human disturbance on reef community composition. Instead, it is important to consider identifying other indicator taxa and to measure coral and macroalgae cover to at least the genus level.
The type of polyurethane influenced biocompatibility of titaniumcarboxonitride layers created by a plasma-activated chemical vapour deposition process
Creators: name: Lehle, Karla
name: Li, Jing
name: Zimmermann, H.
name: Schmid, Christof
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: endothelial cell seeding; cytocompatibility; haemocompatibility; platelet adhesion; cardiovascular tissue engineering; titanium
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Polycarbonateurethanes (PCU) and polyetherurethanes (PEU) are used for medical devices, however their bio- and haemocompatibility is limited. In this study, the effect of titaniferous upgrading of different polyurethanes on the bio- and haemocompatibility was investigated by endothelial cell (EC) adhesion/proliferation and platelet adhesion (scanning electron microscopy), respectively. There was no EC adhesion/proliferation and only minor platelet adhesion on upgraded and pure PCU (Desmopan). PEUs (Texin 985, Tecothane 1085, Elastollan 1180A) differed in their cyto- and haemocompatibility. While EC adhesion depended on the type of PEU, any proliferative activity was inhibited. Additional titaniferous upgrading of PEU induced EC proliferation and increased metabolic activity. However, adherent ECs were significantly activated. While Texin was highly thrombotic, only small amounts of platelets adhered onto Tecothane and Elastollan. Additional titaniferous upgrading reduced thrombogenicity of Texin, preserved haemocompatibility of Elastollan, and increased platelet activation/aggregation on Tecothane. In conclusion, none of the PUs was cytocompatible; only titaniferous upgrading allowed EC proliferation and metabolism on PEUs. Haemocompatibility depended on the type of PU.
Elucidating Structure-Bioactivity Relationships of Methyl-branched Alkanes in the Contact Sex Pheromone of the Parasitic Wasp Lariophagus distinguendus
Creators: name: Kühbandner, Stephan
name: Bello, J. E.
name: Mori, Kenji
name: Ruther, Joachim
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: chemoreception; contact sex pheromone; cuticular hydrocarbons; Lariophagus distinguendus; 3-methylheptacosane; parasitic wasp; Pteromalidae
subject: 590 Tiere (Zoologie)

description: The exoskeletons of insects are covered by complex mixtures of cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) which are involved in social and sexual communication. However, little is known about the relationship between the structures of CHCs and their behavioral activity. The key component of the contact sex pheromone of the parasitoid Lariophagus distinguendus is 3-methylheptacosane (3-MeC27), which is present in CHC profiles of both females and newly emerged males. The CHCs of females and young males elicit wing-fanning behavior in older males. However, as young males age, 3-MeC27 disappears from their CHC profiles and they no longer elicit wing-fanning responses from other males. We applied enantiopure 3-MeC27 and structurally related CHCs (with respect to chain length or methyl-branch position) to the cuticle of aged male dummies and recorded the wing-fanning behavior of responding males. Only the two enantiomers of 3-MeC27 restored the dummies’ attractiveness. The addition of structurally related CHCs or various n-alkanes to bioactive dummies of young males and females significantly decreased wing-fanning by test males. Hence, L. distinguendus males respond specifically but not enantioselectively to 3-MeC27, and perceive the CHC profiles as a whole. Both removal (as is the case with 3-MeC27 in aging males) and addition of individual compounds may disrupt the behavioral response.
Forecasting the Effects of In-Store Marketing on Conversion Rates for Online Shops
Creators: name: Fink, H.
name: Graf, Yvonne
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: online shop; purchase incentive; conversion rate; coupon; clickstream
subject: 650 Management

description: As webstores usually face the issue of low conversion rates, finding ways to effectively increase them is of special interest to researchers and practitioners alike. However, to the best of our knowledge, no one has yet empirically investigated the usefulness of various in-webstore marketing tools like coupons or different types of product recommendations. By analysing clickstream data for a shoe and a bed online store, we are contributing to closing this gap. In particular, we use our present data to build more general hypotheses on how such purchasing incentives might function and on how they could be used in practice.
Supersymmetry approach to Wishart correlation matrices: Exact results
Creators: name: Recher, Christian
name: Kieburg, Mario
name: Guhr, Thomas
name: Zirnbauer, Martin R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the `one-point function', meaning the marginal probability density function for any single eigenvalue, of real and complex Wishart correlation matrices. No explicit expression had been obtained for the real case so far. We succeed in doing so by using supersymmetry techniques to express the one-point function of real Wishart correlation matrices as a twofold integral. The result can be viewed as a resummation of a series of Jack polynomials in a non-trivial case. We illustrate our formula by numerical simulations. We also rederive a known expression for the one-point function of complex Wishart correlation matrices.
description: 21 pages, 2 figures
Inferring FDG-PET-positivity of lymph node metastases in proven lung cancer from contrast-enhanced CT using radiomics and machine learning
Creators: name: Gorodetski, Boris
name: Becker, Philipp Hendrik
name: Baur, Alexander Daniel Jacques
name: Hartenstein, Alexander
name: Rogasch, Julian Manuel Michael
name: Furth, Christian
name: Amthauer, Holger
name: Hamm, Bernd
name: Makowski, Marcus
name: Penzkofer, Tobias
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Lung neoplasms
subject: Lymph nodes
subject: Lymphatic metastasis
subject: Machine learning
subject: Tomography (x-ray computed)
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: We evaluated the role of radiomics applied to contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) in the detection of lymph node (LN) metastases in patients with known lung cancer compared to 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET)/CT as a reference. Methods: This retrospective analysis included 381 patients with 1,799 lymph nodes (450 malignant, 1,349 negative). The data set was divided into a training and validation set. A radiomics analysis with 4 filters and 6 algorithms resulting in 24 different radiomics signatures and a bootstrap algorithm (Bagging) with 30 bootstrap iterations was performed. A decision curve analysis was applied to generate a net benefit to compare the radiomics signature to two expert radiologists as one-by-one and as a prescreening tool in combination with the respective radiologist and only the radiologists. Results: All 24 modeling methods showed good and reliable discrimination for malignant/benign LNs (area under the curve 0.75-0.87). The decision curve analysis showed a net benefit for the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) classifier for the entire probability range and outperformed the expert radiologists except for the high probability range. Using the radiomics signature as a prescreening tool for the radiologists did not improve net benefit. Conclusions: Radiomics showed good discrimination power irrespective of the modeling technique in detecting LN metastases in patients with known lung cancer. The LASSO classifier was a suitable diagnostic tool and even outperformed the expert radiologists, except for high probabilities. Radiomics failed to improve clinical benefit as a prescreening tool.
A Sensitivity and Array-Configuration Study for Measuring the Power Spectrum of 21cm Emission from Reionization
Creators: name: Parsons, Aaron
name: Pober, Jonathan
name: McQuinn, Matthew
name: Jacobs, Daniel
name: Aguirre, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Telescopes aiming to measure 21cm emission from the Epoch of Reionization must toe a careful line, balancing the need for raw sensitivity against the stringent calibration requirements for removing bright foregrounds. It is unclear what the optimal design is for achieving both of these goals. Via a pedagogical derivation of an interferometer's response to the power spectrum of 21cm reionization fluctuations, we show that even under optimistic scenarios, first-generation arrays will yield low-SNR detections, and that different compact array configurations can substantially alter sensitivity. We explore the sensitivity gains of array configurations that yield high redundancy in the uv-plane -- configurations that have been largely ignored since the advent of self-calibration for high-dynamic-range imaging. We first introduce a mathematical framework to generate optimal minimum-redundancy configurations for imaging. We contrast the sensitivity of such configurations with high-redundancy configurations, finding that high-redundancy configurations can improve power-spectrum sensitivity by more than an order of magnitude. We explore how high-redundancy array configurations can be tuned to various angular scales, enabling array sensitivity to be directed away from regions of the uv-plane (such as the origin) where foregrounds are brighter and where instrumental systematics are more problematic. We demonstrate that a 132-antenna deployment of the Precision Array for Probing the Epoch of Reionization (PAPER) observing for 120 days in a high-redundancy configuration will, under ideal conditions, have the requisite sensitivity to detect the power spectrum of the 21cm signal from reionization at a 3σlevel at k<0.25h Mpc^{-1} in a bin of Δln k=1. We discuss the tradeoffs of low- versus high-redundancy configurations.
description: 34 pages, 5 figures, 2 appendices. Version accepted to ApJ
Recyclable and Robust Optical Nanoprobes with Engineered Enzymes for Sustainable Serodiagnostics
Creators: name: Liu, Yuxin
name: Wei, Zheng
name: Damian, Matteo
name: Zhu, Xingjun
name: Knaus, Tanja
name: Zhang, Hong
name: Mutti, Francesco G.
name: Loeffler, Felix F.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: detection
subject: lanthanides
subject: nanoparticles
subject: point-of-care
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Recyclable fluorescence assays that can be stored at room temperature would greatly benefit biomedical diagnostics by bringing sustainability and cost-efficiency, especially for point-of-care serodiagnostics in developing regions. Here, a general strategy is proposed to generate recyclable fluorescent probes by using engineered enzymes with enhanced thermo-/chemo-stability, which maintains an outstanding serodiagnostic performance (accuracy >95%) after 10 times of recycling as well as after storage at elevated temperatures (37 °C for 10 days). With these three outstanding properties, recyclable fluorescent probes can be designed to detect various biomarkers of clinical importance by using different enzymes.
Digital technology and self-care in sexual health
Creators: name: Tucker, Joseph D
name: Ong, Jason J
Publisher: name: CSIRO Publishing
Year: 2024

description: This Collection highlights some recent publications in Sexual Health on using technology to optimise sexual health. By leveraging innovations such as rapid diagnostic tools, mobile health (mHealth), self-testing and artificial-intelligence-powered tools, we can empower individuals to take control of their sexual health, reducing risks and enhancing accessibility.
Skin lesion segmentation using an improved framework of encoder-decoder based convolutional neural network
Creators: name: Kaur, Ranpreet
Publisher: name: Media Design School
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 46
subject: Information and computing sciences

description: Automatic lesion segmentation is a key phase of skin lesion analysis that significantly increases the performance of subsequent classification steps. Segmentation is a highly complex task due to the varying nature of lesions, such as unique shapes, different colors, and structures. In this study, a two-step system is proposed comprising preprocessing algorithm and lesion segmentation network. The hairlines removal algorithm is designed using morphological operators to eliminate noise artifacts. The resulting output images are fed to the convolutional neural network (CNN) to perform lesion segmentation. The proposed CNN network is a new framework designed from scratch based on encoder-decoder architecture. The layers are stacked in a unique sequence to perform downsampling and upsampling, generating a high-resolution segmentation map. Additionally, a Tversky loss function is implemented to reduce the error rate between predicted and target output. In this study, we focus on the challenges related to the extraction of accurate lesion regions and the presence of hairlines in lesion images that can occlude important information resulting in poor segmentation. The proposed model is evaluated on four publicly available datasets, namely ISIC 2016–2018. The mean intersection over union (IoU) obtained for ISIC 2016–2018 and is 87.1%, 77.8%, 85.2%, and 88.8%, respectively. The proposed model demonstrated higher performance as compared to other state-of-the-art methods. The hair removal step aids in the improvement of the overall performance.
Scaling Microseismic Cloud Shape During Hydraulic Stimulation Using In Situ Stress and Permeability
Creators: name: Mukuhira, Y.
name: Yang, M.
name: Ishibashi, T.
name: Okamoto, K.
name: Moriya, H.
name: Kumano, Y.
name: Asanuma, H.
name: Shapiro, Serge A.
name: Rubinstein, J. L.
name: Ito, T.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: EGS
subject: geothermal
subject: microseismicity
subject: reservoir
subject: in situ stress
subject: permeability
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: Forecasting microseismic cloud shape as a proxy of stimulated rock volume may improve the design of an energy extraction system. The microseismic cloud created during hydraulic stimulation of geothermal reservoirs is known empirically to extend in the general direction of the maximum principal stress. However, this empirical relationship is often inconsistent with reported results, and the cloud growth process remains poorly understood. This study investigates microseismic cloud growth using data obtained from a hydraulic stimulation project in Basel, Switzerland, and explores its correlation with measured in situ stress. We applied principal component analysis to a time series of microseismicity for macroscopic characterization of microseismic cloud growth in two- and three-dimensional space. The microseismic cloud, in addition to extending in the general direction of maximum principal stress, expanded in the direction of intermediate principal stress. The orientation of the least microseismic cloud growth was stable and almost identical to the minimum principal stress direction. Further, microseismic cloud shape ratios showed good agreement when compared with in situ stress magnitude ratios. The permeability tensor estimated from microseismicity also provided a good correlation in terms of direction and magnitude with the microseismic cloud growth. We show that in situ stress plays a dominant role by controlling the permeability of each existing fracture in the reservoir fracture system. Consequently, microseismic cloud growth can be scaled by in situ stress as a first-order approximation if there is sufficient variation in the orientation of existing faults.
Does temporal predictability of tasks influence task choice?
Creators: name: Jurczyk, Vanessa
name: Mittelstädt, Victor
name: Fröber, Kerstin
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 150 Psychologie

description: Task performance improves when the required tasks are predicted by the preceding time intervals, suggesting that participants form time-based task expectancies. In the present study, we pursued the question whether temporal predictability of tasks can also influence task choice. For this purpose, we conducted three experiments using a hybrid task-switching paradigm (with two tasks) combining forced-choice and free-choice trials. Each trial was preceded by either a short (500 ms) or a long (1500 ms) foreperiod. In forced-choice trials, the instructed task was predicted by the length of the foreperiod (Exp. 1A and 1B: 100% foreperiod-task contingencies; Exp. 2: 80% foreperiod-task contingencies). In the remaining trials, participants were free to choose which task to perform. In all three experiments, we found that participants’ task choice was influenced by the foreperiod-task contingencies implemented in forced-choice trials. Specifically, participants were overall biased to choose tasks compatible with these contingencies; these compatible choice rates were larger for the short compared to the long foreperiod. Our findings suggest that learned time-based task expectancies influence subjects’ voluntary task choice and that an initially present task bias toward the “short” task is not always overcome at the long foreperiod. We discuss potential underlying mechanisms against the background of voluntary task switching and interval timing.
Preparing the bound instance of quantum entanglement
Creators: name: DiGuglielmo, J.
name: Samblowski, A.
name: Hage, B.
name: Pineda, C.
name: Eisert, J.
name: Schnabel, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Among the possibly most intriguing aspects of quantum entanglement is that it comes in "free" and "bound" instances. Bound entangled states require entangled states in preparation but, once realized, no free entanglement and therefore no pure maximally entangled pairs can be regained. Their existence hence certifies an intrinsic irreversibility of entanglement in nature and suggests a connection with thermodynamics. In this work, we present a first experimental unconditional preparation and detection of a bound entangled state of light. We consider continuous-variable entanglement, use convex optimization to identify regimes rendering its bound character well certifiable, and realize an experiment that continuously produced a distributed bound entangled state with an extraordinary and unprecedented significance of more than ten standard deviations away from both separability and distillability. Our results show that the approach chosen allows for the efficient and precise preparation of multimode entangled states of light with various applications in quantum information, quantum state engineering and high precision metrology.
description: The final version accounts for a recent comment in Nature Physics [24] clarifying that a previous claim of having generated bound entanglement [23] was not supported by the authors' data. We also extended our introduction and discussion and also added references
Teoría fundamental de números. Divisibilidad
Creators: name: Vega, Cristóbal
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: La teoría de números es una temática amplia en las matemáticas que abarca muchos temas de investigación en el estudio del álgebra de grupos finitos y en los números enteros ($\mathbb{Z}$). Está referenciada en diversos libros y numerosas revistas científicas. En esta presentación será estudiados algunos conceptos básicos de divisibilidad.
C-Reactive Protein as an Early Predictor of Efficacy in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients: A Tumor Dynamics-Biomarker Modeling Framework
Creators: name: Nassar, Yomna M.
name: Ojara, Francis Williams
name: Pérez-Pitarch, Alejandro
name: Geiger, Kimberly
name: Huisinga, Wilhelm
name: Hartung, Niklas
name: Michelet, Robin
name: Holdenrieder, Stefan
name: Joerger, Markus
name: Kloft, Charlotte
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: non-small-cell lung cancer
subject: C-reactive protein
subject: biomarkers
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::615 Pharmakologie, Therapeutik

description: In oncology, longitudinal biomarkers reflecting the patient’s status and disease evolution can offer reliable predictions of the patient’s response to treatment and prognosis. By leveraging clinical data in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer receiving first-line chemotherapy, we aimed to develop a framework combining anticancer drug exposure, tumor dynamics (RECIST criteria), and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations, using nonlinear mixed-effects models, to evaluate and quantify by means of parametric time-to-event models the significance of early longitudinal predictors of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Tumor dynamics was characterized by a tumor size (TS) model accounting for anticancer drug exposure and development of drug resistance. CRP concentrations over time were characterized by a turnover model. An x-fold change in TS from baseline linearly affected CRP production. CRP concentration at treatment cycle 3 (day 42) and the difference between CRP concentration at treatment cycles 3 and 2 were the strongest predictors of PFS and OS. Measuring longitudinal CRP allows for the monitoring of inflammatory levels and, along with its reduction across treatment cycles, presents a promising prognostic marker. This framework could be applied to other treatment modalities such as immunotherapies or targeted therapies allowing the timely identification of patients at risk of early progression and/or short survival to spare them unnecessary toxicities and provide alternative treatment decisions.
Recurrence method in Non-Hermitian Systems
Creators: name: Chen, Haoyan
name: Zhang, Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a novel and systematic recurrence method for the energy spectra of non-Hermitian systems under open boundary conditions based on the recurrence relations of their characteristic polynomials. Our formalism exhibits better accuracy and performance on multi-band non-Hermitian systems than numerical diagonalization or the non-Bloch band theory. It also provides a targeted and efficient formulation for the non-Hermitian edge spectra. As demonstrations, we derive general expressions for both the bulk and edge spectra of multi-band non-Hermitian models with nearest-neighbor hopping and under open boundary conditions, such as the non-Hermitian Su-Schrieffer-Heeger and Rice-Mele models and the non-Hermitian Hofstadter butterfly - 2D lattice models in the presence of non-reciprocity and perpendicular magnetic fields, which is only made possible by the significantly lower complexity of the recurrence method. In addition, we use the recurrence method to study non-Hermitian edge physics, including the size-parity effect and the stability of the topological edge modes against boundary perturbations. Our recurrence method offers a novel and favorable formalism to the intriguing physics of non-Hermitian systems under open boundary conditions.
description: 23 pages, 7 figures
BPS states, crystals and matrices
Creators: name: Sułkowski, Piotr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review free fermion, melting crystal and matrix model representations of wall-crossing phenomena on local, toric Calabi-Yau manifolds. We consider both unrefined and refined BPS counting of closed BPS states involving D2 and D0-branes bound to a D6-brane, as well as open BPS states involving open D2-branes ending on an additional D4-brane. Appropriate limit of these constructions provides, among the others, matrix model representation of refined and unrefined topological string amplitudes.
description: 67 pages, 20 figures; references added
COMPARATIVE EVAULATION OF CONDYLAR GUIDANCE OBTAINED BY DIGITAL PANORAMIC RADIOGRAPHIC IMAGES WITH THAT OF OBTAINED DURING JAW RELATION AND TRY-IN USING TWO DIFFERENT INTEROCCLUSAL RECORD MATERIAL IN COMPLETELY EDENTULOUS PATIENTS ¬- AN INVIVO STUDY
Creators: name: Khushbu Doshi
name: Sathe, Seema
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Condylar guidance, Jaw relation, Try-in, Interocclusal records, Semi adjustable articulator, OPG

description: protocol
Dipolar glass polymers containing polarizable groups as dielectric materials for energy storage applications. A minireview
Creators: name: Bonardd, S.
name: Moreno-Serna, V.
name: Kortaberria, G.
name: Diaz Diaz, David
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: dipolar glass polymer; dielectric materials; glass transition temperature
subject: 540 Chemie

description: Materials that have high dielectric constants, high energy densities and minimum dielectric losses are highly desirable for use in capacitor devices. In this sense, polymers and polymer blends have several advantages over inorganic and composite materials, such as their flexibilities, high breakdown strengths, and low dielectric losses. Moreover, the dielectric performance of a polymer depends strongly on its electronic, atomic, dipolar, ionic, and interfacial polarizations. For these reasons, chemical modification and the introduction of specific functional groups (e.g., F, CN and R−S(=O)2−R´) would improve the dielectric properties, e.g., by varying the dipolar polarization. These functional groups have been demonstrated to have large dipole moments. In this way, a high orientational polarization in the polymer can be achieved. However, the decrease in the polarization due to dielectric dissipation and the frequency dependency of the polarization are challenging tasks to date. Polymers with high glass transition temperatures (Tg) that contain permanent dipoles can help to reduce dielectric losses due to conduction phenomena related to ionic mechanisms. Additionally, sub-Tg transitions (e.g., γ and β relaxations) attributed to the free rotational motions of the dipolar entities would increase the polarization of the material, resulting in polymers with high dielectric constants and, hopefully, dielectric losses that are as low as possible. Thus, polymer materials with high glass transition temperatures and considerable contributions from the dipolar polarization mechanisms of sub-Tg transitions are known as “dipolar glass polymers”. Considering this, the main aspects of this combined strategy and the future prospects of these types of material were discussed.
Belief in karma : the content and correlates of supernatural justice beliefs across cultures
Creators: name: White, Cindel Jennifer Melina
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Karmic beliefs, centered on the notion of ethical causation within and across lifetimes, appear in religious traditions and spiritual movements around the world, yet they remain an unexplored topic in psychology. I developed and validated a 16-item measure of belief in karma, and used this measure to assess the cultural distribution, cognitive content, and correlates of karmic beliefs among participants from culturally and religiously diverse backgrounds, including Canadian students (Sample 1: N = 3193, Sample 2: N = 3072) and broad national samples of adults from Canada (N = 1000) and India (N = 1006). Belief in karma showed predictable variation based on participant’s cultural (e.g., Indian) and religious (e.g., Hindu and Buddhist) background, but was also surprisingly common among people from cultural groups with no tradition of karmic beliefs (e.g., nonreligious or Christian Canadians). I demonstrate how karmic beliefs are related to, but distinct from, conceptually-similar beliefs, including belief in a just world and belief in a moralizing god. Finally, I provide preliminary evidence of intuitive conceptions of karma, and investigate how karma is related to self-reported prosocial behaviour and moral judgments. Karma is a form of supernatural justice belief, endorsed by many people from diverse cultural and religious backgrounds that lies at the intersection between beliefs about justice and morality, and beliefs about supernatural forces that shape the course of life’s events.
Does Constitutive Expression of Defense-Related Genes and Salicylic Acid Concentrations Correlate with Field Resistance of Potato to Black Scurf Disease?
Creators: name: Zrenner, Rita
name: Genzel, Franziska
name: Baldermann, Susanne
name: Guerra, Tiziana
name: Grosch, Rita
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: black scurf disease
subject: defense-related gene expression
subject: salicylic acid
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Black scurf disease on potato caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG3 occurs worldwide and is difficult to control. The use of potato cultivars resistant to black scurf disease could be part of an integrated control strategy. Currently, the degree of resistance is based on symptom assessment in the field, but molecular measures could provide a more efficient screening method. We hypothesized that the degree of field resistance to black scurf disease in potato cultivars is associated with defense-related gene expression levels and salicylic acid (SA) concentration. Cultivars with a moderate and severe appearance of disease symptoms on tubers were selected and cultivated in the same field. In addition, experiments were conducted under controlled conditions in an axenic in vitro culture and in a sand culture to analyze the constitutive expression of defense-related genes and SA concentration. The more resistant cultivars did not show significantly higher constitutive expression levels of defense-related genes. Moreover, the level of free SA was increased in the more resistant cultivars only in the roots of the plantlets grown in the sand culture. These results indicate that neither expression levels of defense-related genes nor the amount of SA in potato plants can be used as reliable predictors of the field resistance of potato genotypes to black scurf disease.
Integrating Explainability into Graph Neural Network Models for the Prediction of X-ray Absorption Spectra
Creators: name: Kotobi, Amir
name: Singh, Kanishka
name: Höche, Daniel
name: Bari, Sadia
name: Meißner, Robert H.
name: Bande, Annika
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Layers
subject: Molecular modeling
subject: Molecules
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: The use of sophisticated machine learning (ML) models, such as graph neural networks (GNNs), to predict complex molecular properties or all kinds of spectra has grown rapidly. However, ensuring the interpretability of these models’ predictions remains a challenge. For example, a rigorous understanding of the predicted X-ray absorption spectrum (XAS) generated by such ML models requires an in-depth investigation of the respective black-box ML model used. Here, this is done for different GNNs based on a comprehensive, custom-generated XAS data set for small organic molecules. We show that a thorough analysis of the different ML models with respect to the local and global environments considered in each ML model is essential for the selection of an appropriate ML model that allows a robust XAS prediction. Moreover, we employ feature attribution to determine the respective contributions of various atoms in the molecules to the peaks observed in the XAS spectrum. By comparing this peak assignment to the core and virtual orbitals from the quantum chemical calculations underlying our data set, we demonstrate that it is possible to relate the atomic contributions via these orbitals to the XAS spectrum.
Modulation of probabilistic discounting and probabilistic reversal learning by dopamine within the medial orbitofrontal cortex
Creators: name: Jenni, Nicole Lynn
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Weighing the value of a reward against its likelihood of delivery is a necessary component of adaptive decision-making. The medial subregion of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) plays a key role in this form of cognition, as inactivation of this subregion in rats alters behaviour during risk/reward decision-making and a probabilistic assay of cognitive flexibility. The medial OFC receives dopaminergic input from midbrain neurons, yet whether dopamine (DA) modulates medial OFC function has been virtually unexplored. Here, we assessed how D₁ and D₂ receptors in the medial OFC may modulate adaptive decision-making in the face of probabilistic outcomes. One series of experiments assessed probabilistic reversal learning, while another set of studies assessed risk/reward decision-making using a probabilistic discounting task. Separate groups of well-trained rats, received intra-medial OFC microinfusions of selective D₁ or D₂ antagonists prior to task performance. Our results indicate that blocking D₁ receptors in the medial OFC impaired while blockade of D₂ receptors facilitated the number of reversals completed. This may be due to an impairment in probabilistic reinforcement learning, as effects were mediated by changes in errors during the initial discrimination of the task. One function for DA within the medial OFC might therefore be to inform about responses that yield a higher probability of reward over less profitable options to maintain adaptive choice. During risk/reward decision-making, blocking D₁ receptors reduced risky choice driven by an increase in negative feedback sensitivity. Blockade of D₂ receptors increased risky choice, mediated instead by an increase in reward sensitivity. This implicates medial OFC DA in dampening the win-stay/lose-shift strategy to limit the use of immediate reward feedback in situations where rats have prior knowledge about reward profitability. These findings highlight a novel role for medial OFC DA in guiding behavior in situations of reward uncertainty. Medial OFC D₁ and D₂ receptors play dissociable and opposing roles in different forms of reward-related action selection. Elucidating how DA within different nodes of mesocorticolimbic circuitry biases behavior in these situations will expand our understanding of the mechanisms regulating optimal and aberrant decision-making.
Biologic agents for anterior cruciate ligament healing: A systematic review
Creators: name: Di Matteo, Berardo
name: Loibl, Markus
name: Andriolo, Luca
name: Filardo, Giuseppe
name: Zellner, Johannes
name: Koch, Matthias
name: Angele, Peter
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Platelet-rich plasma, Growth factors, Stem cells, Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, Anterior cruciate ligament repair, Anterior cruciate ligament healing, Sports medicine, Regenerative medicine
subject: 610 Medizin

description: AIM To systematically review the currently available literature concerning the application of biologic agents such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and stem cells to promote anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) healing. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was performed on the use of biologic agents (i.e., PRP or stem cells) to favor ACL healing during reconstruction or repair. The following inclusion criteria for relevant articles were used: Clinical reports of any level of evidence, written in English language, on the use of PRP or stem cells during ACL reconstruction/repair. Exclusion criteria were articles written in other languages, reviews, or studies analyzing other applications of PRP/stem cells in knee surgery not related to promoting ACL healing. RESULTS The database search identified 394 records that were screened. A total of 23 studies were included in the final analysis: In one paper stem cells were applied for ACL healing, in one paper there was a concomitant application of PRP and stem cells, whereas in the remaining 21 papers PRP was used. Based on the ACL injury pattern, two papers investigated biologic agents in ACL partial tears whereas 21 papers in ACL reconstruction. Looking at the quality of the available literature, 17 out of 21 studies dealing with ACL reconstruction were randomized controlled trials. Both studies on ACL repair were case series. CONCLUSION There is a paucity of clinical trials investigating the role of stem cells in promoting ACL healing both in case of partial and complete tears. The role of PRP is still controversial and the only advantage emerging from the literature is related to a better graft maturation over time, without documenting beneficial effects in terms of clinical outcome, bone-graft integration and prevention of bony tunnel enlargement.
description: Open Access-Komponente aus einer Allianzlizenz