cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
An Entropy Clustering Approach for Assessing Visual Question Difficulty
Creators: name: Terao, Kento
name: Tamaki, Toru
name: Raytchev, Bisser
name: Kaneda, Kazufumi
name: Satoh, Shun'ichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a novel approach to identify the difficulty of visual questions for Visual Question Answering (VQA) without direct supervision or annotations to the difficulty. Prior works have considered the diversity of ground-truth answers of human annotators. In contrast, we analyze the difficulty of visual questions based on the behavior of multiple different VQA models. We propose to cluster the entropy values of the predicted answer distributions obtained by three different models: a baseline method that takes as input images and questions, and two variants that take as input images only and questions only. We use a simple k-means to cluster the visual questions of the VQA v2 validation set. Then we use state-of-the-art methods to determine the accuracy and the entropy of the answer distributions for each cluster. A benefit of the proposed method is that no annotation of the difficulty is required, because the accuracy of each cluster reflects the difficulty of visual questions that belong to it. Our approach can identify clusters of difficult visual questions that are not answered correctly by state-of-the-art methods. Detailed analysis on the VQA v2 dataset reveals that 1) all methods show poor performances on the most difficult cluster (about 10\% accuracy), 2) as the cluster difficulty increases, the answers predicted by the different methods begin to differ, and 3) the values of cluster entropy are highly correlated with the cluster accuracy. We show that our approach has the advantage of being able to assess the difficulty of visual questions without ground-truth (\ie, the test set of VQA v2) by assigning them to one of the clusters. We expect that this can stimulate the development of novel directions of research and new algorithms.
Molecular dynamics simulation of the P2Y14 receptor. Ligand docking and identification of a putative binding site of the distal hexose moiety
Creators: name: Fricks, Ingrid
name: Ivanov, Andrei A.
name: Jacobson, Kenneth A.
name: Kendall Harden, T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: A rhodopsin-based homology model of the P2Y14 receptor was inserted into a phospholipid bilayer and refined by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The binding modes of several known agonists, namely UDP-glucose and its analogues, were proposed using automatic molecular docking combined with Monte Carlo Multiple Minimum calculations. Compared to other P2Y receptors, the P2Y14 receptor has an atypical binding mode of the nucleobase, ribose and phosphate moieties. The diphosphate moiety interacts with only one cationic residue, namely Lys171 of EL2, while in other P2Y receptor subtypes three Arg or Lys residues interact with the phosphate chain. Two other conserved cationic residues, namely Arg253 (6.55) and Lys277 (7.35) of the P2Y14 receptor together with two anionic residues (Glu166 and Glu174 located in EL2), are likely involved in interactions with the distal hexose moiety.
(102886) Harry Lewis Potter
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Star formation history of $\rm{0.1\leq\,\textit{z}\,\leq\,1.5}$ mass-selected galaxies in the ELAIS-N1 Field
Creators: name: Ocran, E. F.
name: Vaccari, M.
name: Stil, J. M.
name: Taylor, A. R.
name: Ishwara-Chandra, C. H.
name: Kim, Jae-Woo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measure the specific star formation rates of \textit{K}-band selected galaxies from the ELAIS-N1 by stacking GMRT data at 610 MHz. We identify a sample of SFGs, spanning $\rm{0.1\leq\,\textit{z}\,\leq\,1.5}$ and $\rm{10^{8.5}<\,{\textit{M}_{\star}}/{\textit{M}_{\odot}}<10^{12.4}}$, using a combination of multi-wavelength diagnostics obtained from the deep LoTSS multi-wavelength catalogue. We measure the flux densities in the radio map and estimate the radio SFR in order to probe the nature of the galaxies below the noise and confusion limits. The massive galaxies in our sample have the lowest sSFRs which is in agreement with previous studies. For the different populations, we show that the sSFR-mass relation steepens with redshift, with an average slope of $\rm{\langle β_{All} \rangle\,=\, -0.49\pm0.01}$ for the whole sample, and $\rm{\langle β_{SFG} \rangle\,=\, -0.42\pm0.02}$ for the SFGs. Our results indicate that galaxy populations undergo 'downsizing', whereby most massive galaxies form their stars earlier and more rapidly than low mass galaxies. Both populations show a strong decrease in their sSFR toward the present epoch. The sSFR evolution with redshift is best described by a power law $\rm{(1\,+\,\textit{z})^\textit{n}}$, where $\rm{\langle \textit{n}_{ALL}\rangle\sim4.94\pm0.53}$ for all galaxies, and $\rm{\langle \textit{n}_{SFG}\rangle \sim3.51\pm0.52}$ for SFGs. Comparing our measured sSFRs to results from literature, we find a general agreement in the \textit{sSFR-M$_{\star}$} plane.
description: 17 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
(102885) Frederick Cuthbert Potter
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Thermopower and Entropy: lessons from Sr$_2$RuO$_4$
Creators: name: Mravlje, Jernej
name: Georges, Antoine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the in-plane Seebeck coefficient of Sr$_2$RuO$_4$ within a framework combining electronic structure and dynamical mean-field theory. We show that its temperature-dependence is consistent with entropic considerations embodied in the Kelvin formula, and that it provides a meaningful probe of the crossover out of the Fermi liquid regime into an incoherent metal. This crossover proceeds in two stages: the entropy of spin degrees of freedom is released around room-temperature while orbital degrees of freedom remain quenched up to much higher temperatures. This is confirmed by a direct calculation of the corresponding susceptibilities, and is a hallmark of `Hund's metals'. We also calculate the c-axis thermopower, and predict that it exceeds substantially the in-plane one at high-temperature, a peculiar behaviour which originates from an interlayer 'hole-filtering' mechanism.
description: 5+3 pages
On Urban Traffic Flow Benefits of Connected and Automated Vehicles
Creators: name: Mavromatis, Ioannis
name: Tassi, Andrea
name: Piechocki, Robert J.
name: Sooriyabandara, Mahesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Automated Vehicles are an integral part of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs) and are expected to play a crucial role in the future mobility services. This paper investigates two classes of self-driving vehicles: (i) Level 4&5 Automated Vehicles (AVs) that rely solely on their on-board sensors for environmental perception tasks, and (ii) Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs), leveraging connectivity to further enhance perception via driving intention and sensor information sharing. Our investigation considers and quantifies the impact of each vehicle group in large urban road networks in Europe and in the USA. The key performance metrics are the traffic congestion, average speed and average trip time. Specifically, the numerical studies show that the traffic congestion can be reduced by up to a factor of four, while the average flow speeds of CAV group remains closer to the speed limits and can be up to 300% greater than the human-driven vehicles. Finally, traffic situations are also studied, indicating that even a small market penetration of CAVs will have a substantial net positive effect on the traffic flows.
description: Accepted to IEEE VTC-Spring 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
1D non-LTE corrections for chemical abundance analyses of very metal-poor stars
Creators: name: Mashonkina, L.
name: Pakhomov, Yu.
name: Sitnova, T.
name: Smogorzhevskii, A.
name: Jablonka, P.
name: Hill, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Detailed chemical abundances of very metal-poor (VMP, [Fe/H] < -2) stars are important for better understanding the First Stars, early star formation and chemical enrichment of galaxies. Big on-going and coming high-resolution spectroscopic surveys provide a wealth of material that needs to be carefully analysed. For VMP stars, their elemental abundances should be derived based on the non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE = NLTE) line formation because low metal abundances and low electron number density in the atmosphere produce the physical conditions favorable for the departures from LTE. The galactic archaeology research requires homogeneous determinations of chemical abundances. For this purpose, we present grids of the 1D-NLTE abundance corrections for the Na I, Mg I, Ca I, Ca II, Ti II, Fe I, Zn I, Zn II, Sr II, and Ba II lines, which are used in the galactic archaeology research. The range of atmospheric parameters represents VMP stars on various evolutionary stages and covers effective temperatures from 4000 to 6500~K, surface gravities from log g = 0.5 to log g = 5.0, and metallicities $-5.0 \le$ [Fe/H] $\le -2.0$. The data is publicly available, and we provide the tools for interpolating in the grids online.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures, 3 tables, revised version after the referee's positive report, MNRAS
(102884) Cassandra Potter
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Particle Acceleration in Colliding Flows: Binary Star Winds and Other Double-Shock Structures
Creators: name: Malkov, Mikhail
name: Lemoine, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A shock wave propagating perpendicularly to an ambient magnetic field accelerates particles considerably faster than in the parallel propagation regime. However, the perpendicular acceleration stops after the shock overruns a circular particle orbit. At the same time, it may continue in flows resulting from supersonically colliding plasmas bound by a pair of perpendicular shocks. Although the double-shock acceleration mechanism, which we consider in detail, is not advantageous for thermal particles, pre-energized particles may avoid the premature end of acceleration. We argue that if their gyroradius exceeds the dominant turbulence scale between the shocks, these particles might traverse the intershock space repeatedly before being carried away by the shocked plasma. Moreover, entering the space between the shocks of similar velocities $u_{1}\approx u_{2}\approx c$, such particles start bouncing between the shocks at a fixed angle $\approx 35.3^{\circ}$ to the shock surface. Their drift along the shock fronts is slow, $V_{d}\sim\left|u_{2}-u_{1}\right|\ll c$, so that it will take $N\sim Lc/\left|u_{2}-u_{1}\right|d\gg1$ bounces before they escape the accelerator (here, $L$ is the size of the shocks and $d$ is the gap between them). Since these particles more than ten-fold their energy per cycle (two consecutive bounces), we invoke other possible losses that can limit the acceleration. They include drifts due to rippled shocks, the nonparallel mutual orientation of the upstream magnetic fields, and radiative losses.
description: 21 pages, 13 figure, improved in V.2
Cytotoxic calanquinone A from Calanthe arisanensis and its first total synthesis
Creators: name: Yu, Donglei
name: Wu, Yang Chang
name: Liu, Yi Nan
name: Chang, Fang Rong
name: Morris-Natschke, Susan L.
name: Bastow, Kenneth F.
name: Lee, Kuo Hsiung
name: Lee, Chia Lin
name: Nakagawa-Goto, Kyoko
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Calanquinone A (1) was isolated from an EtOAc-soluble extract of Calanthe arisanensis through bioassay-guided fractionation. Its structure was identified by spectroscopic methods. Compound 1 showed potent cytotoxicity (EC50 < 0.5 µg/mL) against lung (A549), prostate (PC-3 and DU145), colon (HCT-8), breast (MCF7), nasopharyngeal (KB), and vincristine-resistant nasopharyngeal (KB-VIN) cancer cell lines, and interestingly, showed an improved drug resistance profile compared to paclitaxel. The total synthesis of 1 was also achieved and reported herein.
Methoxy-substituted 9-aminomethyl-9,10-dihydroanthracene (AMDA) derivatives exhibit differential binding affinities at the 5-HT2A receptor
Creators: name: Mosier, Philip D.
name: Roth, Bryan L.
name: Dewkar, Gajanan K.
name: Peddi, Srinivas
name: Westkaemper, Richard B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: The effects of methoxy-substitution at the 1-, 2-, 3- and 4-positions of 9-aminomethyl-9,10-dihydroanthracene (AMDA) on h5-HT2A receptor affinity were determined. Racemic mixtures of these compounds were found to show the following affinity trend: 3-MeO > 4-MeO > 1-MeO ~ 2-MeO. Comparison of the effects of these substitutions, with the aid of computational molecular modeling techniques, suggest that the various positional and stereochemical isomers of the methoxy-substituted AMDA compounds interact differently with the h5-HT2A receptor. It is predicted that for the compounds with higher affinities, the methoxy oxygen atom is able to interact with hydrogen bond-donating sidechains within alternative h5-HT2A receptor binding sites, whereas the lower-affinity isomers lack this ability.
Quantifying the impact of state mixing on the Rydberg excitation blockade
Creators: name: Eder, Milo
name: Lesak, Andrew
name: Plone, Abigail
name: Yoda, Tomohisa
name: Highman, Michael
name: Reinhard, Aaron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Rydberg excitation blockade has been at the heart of an impressive array of recent achievements; however, state-mixing interactions can compromise its efficiency. When ultracold atoms are excited to Rydberg states near Förster resonance, up to $\sim 50\%$ of atoms can be found in dipole coupled product states within tens of ns after excitation. There has been disagreement in the literature regarding the mechanism by which this mixing occurs. We use state-selective field ionization spectroscopy to measure, on a shot-by-shot basis, the distribution of Rydberg states populated during narrowband laser excitation. Our method allows us to both determine the number of additional Rydberg excitations added by each mixing event, and to quantify the extent to which state mixing ``breaks'' the blockade. For excitation of ultracold rubidium atoms to $nD_{5/2}$ states, we find that the mixing is consistent with a three-body process, except near exact Förster resonance.
(102883) Margaret Thomson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Numerical quantification of the wind properties of cool main sequence stars
Creators: name: Chebly, Judy
name: Alvarado-Gómez, Julián D.
name: Poppenhäger, Katja
name: Garraffo, Cecilia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As a cool star evolves, it loses mass and angular momentum due to magnetized stellar winds which affect its rotational evolution. This change has consequences that range from the alteration of its activity to influences over the atmosphere of any orbiting planet. Despite their importance, observations constraining the properties of stellar winds in cool stars are extremely limited. Therefore, numerical simulations provide a valuable way to understand the structure and properties of these winds. In this work, we simulate the magnetized winds of 21 cool main-sequence stars (F-type to M-dwarfs), using a state-of-the-art 3D MHD code driven by observed large-scale magnetic field distributions. We perform a qualitative and quantitative characterization of our solutions, analyzing the dependencies between the driving conditions (e.g., spectral type, rotation, magnetic field strength) and the resulting stellar wind parameters (e.g., Alfvén surface size, mass loss rate, angular momentum loss rate, stellar wind speeds). We compare our models with the current observational knowledge on stellar winds in cool stars and explore the behaviour of the mass loss rate as a function of the Rossby number. Furthermore, our 3D models encompass the entire classical Habitable Zones (HZ) of all the stars in our sample. This allows us to provide the stellar wind dynamic pressure at both edges of the HZ and analyze the variations of this parameter across spectral type and orbital inclination. The results here presented could serve to inform future studies of stellar wind-magnetosphere interactions and stellar wind erosion of planetary atmospheres via ion escape processe.
description: 21 pages, 10 figures
On the primary beam deceleration in the pulsar wind
Creators: name: Arzamasskiy, Lev
name: Beskin, Vasily
name: Prokofev, Vadim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the motion of the primary beam outside the light cylinder in the pulsar wind. Inside the light cylinder both primary and secondary plasma move along dipole magnetic field lines where their energies can be arbitrary. But at larger distances the theory predicts quasi-radial motion with the velocity exactly corresponding to the drift velocity which cannot be the same for primary and secondary plasma. Hence, the deceleration of the primary beam is to take place simultaneously resulting in the acceleration of the secondary plasma. We investigate this process in the three-fluid MHD approximation and demonstrate that for most pulsars the energy of the beam remains practically unchanged. Only for young radio pulsars (Crab, Vela) essential deceleration up to the energy of the secondary plasma takes place outside the fast magnetosonic surface $r_{\rm F} \sim (10$-$100) R_{\rm L}$, the energy of secondary plasma itself increasing insufficiently.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, MNRAS, submitted, uses mn2e.cls
Structural analogs of tylophora alkaloids may not be functional analogs
Creators: name: Gullen, Elizabeth A.
name: Shi, Qian
name: Cheng, Yung Chi
name: Gao, Wenli
name: Fürstner, Alois
name: Lee, Kuo Hsiung
name: Chen, Annie Pei Chun
name: Leung, Chung Hang
name: Wei, Linyi
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Phenanthroindolizidine-based tylophora alkaloids have been reported to have potential antitumor, anti-immuno and anti-inflammatory activity. The structure-activity relationships of a series of tylophora alkaloids were studied to guide future drug design. Our results indicate that although these compounds are structural analogs, their potency of cytotoxicity, selectivity against NF-κB signaling pathway, and their inhibitory effects against protein and nucleic acid synthesis are different. Because they do not have an identical spectrum of targets, the studied compounds are structural, but may not be functional analogs.
p-exponent and p-leaders, Part I: Negative pointwise regularity
Creators: name: Jaffard, Stéphane
name: Melot, Clothilde
name: Leonarduzzi, Roberto
name: Wendt, Herwig
name: Roux, Patrice Abry Stéphane G.
name: Torres, Maria E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Multifractal analysis aims to characterize signals, functions, images or fields, via the fluctuations of their local regularity along time or space, hence capturing crucial features of their temporal/spatial dynamics. Multifractal analysis is becoming a standard tool in signal and image processing, and is nowadays widely used in numerous applications of different natures. Its common formulation relies on the measure of local regularity via the Hölder exponent, by nature restricted to positive values, and thus to locally bounded functions or signals. It is here proposed to base the quantification of local regularity on $p$-exponents, a novel local regularity measure potentially taking negative values. First, the theoretical properties of $p$-exponents are studied in detail. Second, wavelet-based multiscale quantities, the $p$-leaders, are constructed and shown to permit accurate practical estimation of $p$-exponents. Exploiting the potential dependence with $p$, it is also shown how the collection of $p$-exponents enriches the classification of locally singular behaviors in functions, signals or images. The present contribution is complemented by a companion article developing the $p$-leader based multifractal formalism associated to $p$-exponents.
Synthesis of unsymmetrical biphenyls as potent cytotoxic agents
Creators: name: Wu, Gang
name: Morris-Natschke, Susan L.
name: Liu, Yi Nan
name: Guo, Huan Fang
name: Xie, Lan
name: Gao, Kun
name: Lee, Kuo Hsiung
name: Bastow, Kenneth F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Twenty-six unsymmetrical biphenyls were synthesized and evaluated for cytotoxic activity against DU145, A547, KB and KB-Vin tumor cell lines. Three compounds 27, 35 and 40 showed very potent activity against the HTCL panel with an IC50 value range of 0.04–3.23 µM. In addition, fourteen active compounds were all more potent against the drug-resistant KB-Vin cell line than the parental KB cell line. Preliminary SAR analysis indicated that two bulky substituents on the 2,2′-positions of unsymmetrical biphenyl skeleton are necessary and crucial for in vitro anticancer activity, thus providing a good starting point to develop unsymmetrical biphenyls as novel anticancer agents.
(102882) Thomas Haliburton Laidlaw
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(102881) Grace Margaret Laidlaw
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Quantum work statistics with initial coherence
Creators: name: Díaz, María García
name: Guarnieri, Giacomo
name: Paternostro, Mauro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Two Point Measurement scheme for computing the thermodynamic work performed on a system requires it to be initially in equilibrium. The Margenau-Hill scheme, among others, extends the previous approach to allow for a non-equilibrium initial state. We establish a quantitative comparison between both schemes in terms of the amount of coherence present in the initial state of the system, as quantified by the $l_1$-coherence measure. We show that the difference between the two first moments of work, the variances of work and the average entropy production obtained in both schemes can be cast in terms of such initial coherence. Moreover, we prove that the average entropy production can take negative values in the Margenau-Hill framework.
description: comments are welcome!
DRIVE: A Digital Network Oracle for Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems
Creators: name: Mavromatis, Ioannis
name: Piechocki, Robert J.
name: Sooriyabandara, Mahesh
name: Parekh, Arjun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In a world where Artificial Intelligence revolutionizes inference, prediction and decision-making tasks, Digital Twins emerge as game-changing tools. A case in point is the development and optimization of Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems (C-ITSs): a confluence of cyber-physical digital infrastructure and (semi)automated mobility. Herein we introduce Digital Twin for self-dRiving Intelligent VEhicles (DRIVE). The developed framework tackles shortcomings of traditional vehicular and network simulators. It provides a flexible, modular, and scalable implementation to ensure large-scale, city-wide experimentation with a moderate computational cost. The defining feature of our Digital Twin is a unique architecture allowing for submission of sequential queries, to which the Digital Twin provides instantaneous responses with the "state of the world", and hence is an Oracle. With such bidirectional interaction with external intelligent agents and realistic mobility traces, DRIVE provides the environment for development, training and optimization of Machine Learning based C-ITS solutions.
description: Accepted for publication at IEEE ISCC 2020
Cancer preventive agents 9. Betulinic acid derivatives as potent cancer chemopreventive agents
Creators: name: Taniguchi, Masahiko
name: Lee, Kuo Hsiung
name: Tokuda, Harukuni
name: Nakagawa-Goto, Kyoko
name: Yamada, Koji
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: C-3 Esterifications of betulinic acid (BA, 1) and its A-ring homolog, ceanothic acid (CA, 2), were carried out to provide sixteen terpenoids, 4-19, including nine new compounds (4-12). All synthesized compounds were evaluated in an in vitro antitumor-promoting assay using the Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in Raji cells. Among them, compounds 4-6, 11-14, 16, and 17 displayed remarkable inhibitory effects of EBV-EA activation. BA analog 6, which contains a prenyl-like group, showed the most potent inhibitory effect (100, 76, 37, and 11% inhibition of EBA activation at 1000, 500, 100 and 10 mol ratio/TPA, respectively, with IC50 value of 285 mol ratio/32pmol TPA). Compound 6 merits further development as a cancer preventive agent.
(102880) Emily Eliza Edhouse
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
The connection between the radio jet and the gamma-ray emission in the radio galaxy 3C 120
Creators: name: Casadio, Carolina
name: Gómez, José L.
name: Grandi, Paola
name: Jorstad, Svetlana G.
name: Marscher, Alan P.
name: Lister, Matthew L.
name: Kovalev, Yuri Y.
name: Savolainen, Tuomas
name: Pushkarev, Alexander B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the analysis of the radio jet evolution of the radio galaxy 3C 120 during a period of prolonged gamma-ray activity detected by the Fermi satellite between December 2012 and October 2014. We find a clear connection between the gamma-ray and radio emission, such that every period of gamma-ray activity is accompanied by the flaring of the mm-VLBI core and subsequent ejection of a new superluminal component. However, not all ejections of components are associated with gamma-ray events detectable by Fermi. Clear gamma-ray detections are obtained only when components are moving in a direction closer to our line of sight.This suggests that the observed gamma-ray emission depends not only on the interaction of moving components with the mm-VLBI core, but also on their orientation with respect to the observer. Timing of the gamma-ray detections and ejection of superluminal components locate the gamma-ray production to within almost 0.13 pc from the mm-VLBI core, which was previously estimated to lie about 0.24 pc from the central black hole. This corresponds to about twice the estimated extension of the broad line region, limiting the external photon field and therefore suggesting synchrotron self Compton as the most probable mechanism for the production of the gamma-ray emission. Alternatively, the interaction of components with the jet sheath can provide the necessary photon field to produced the observed gamma-rays by Compton scattering.
description: Already accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
(102879) John Melrose
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Discovery of diarylpyridine derivatives as novel non-nucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Creators: name: Tian, Xingtao
name: Lai, Weihong
name: Chen, Chin Ho
name: Jiang, Shibo
name: Lee, Kuo Hsiung
name: Qin, Bingjie
name: Xie, Lan
name: Lu, Hong
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Two series (4 and 5) of diarylpyridine derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for anti-HIV-1 activity. The most promising compound, 5e, inhibited HIV-1 IIIB, NL4-3, and RTMDR1 with low nanomolar EC50 values and selectivity indexes of >10,000. The results of this study indicate that diarylpyridine can be used as a novel scaffold to derive a new class of potent NNRTIs, active against both wild-type and drug resistant HIV-1 strains.
(102878) Alexander John Melrose
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Synthesis and P2Y receptor activity of nucleoside 5′-phosphonate derivatives
Creators: name: Jacobson, Kenneth A.
name: Kendall Harden, T.
name: Calenbergh, Serge Van
name: Joshi, Bhalchandra V.
name: Ko, Hyojin
name: Cosyn, Liesbet
name: Carter, Rhonda L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Ribose-based nucleoside 5′-diphosphates and triphosphates and related nucleotides were compared in their potency at the P2Y receptors with the corresponding nucleoside 5′-phosphonate derivatives. Phosphonate derivatives of UTP and ATP activated the P2Y2 receptor but were inactive or weakly active at P2Y4 receptors. Uridine 5′-(diphospho)phosphonate was approximately as potent at the P2Y2 receptor as at the UDP-activated P2Y6 receptor. These results suggest that removal of the 5′-oxygen atom from nucleotide agonist derivatives reduces but does not prevent interaction with the P2Y2 receptor. Uridine 5′-(phospho)phosphonate as well as the 5′-methylphosphonate equivalent of UMP were inactive at the P2Y4 receptor and exhibited maximal effects at the P2Y2 receptor that were ≤50% of that of UTP suggesting novel action of these analogues.
Proto-Neutron Star Convection and the Neutrino-Driven Wind: Implications for the r-Process
Creators: name: Nevins, Brian
name: Roberts, Luke F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The neutrino-driven wind from proto-neutron stars is a proposed site for r-process nucleosynthesis, although most previous work has found that a wind heated only by neutrinos cannot produce the third r-process peak. However, several groups have noted that introducing a secondary heating source within the wind can change the hydrodynamic conditions sufficiently for a strong r-process to proceed. One possible secondary heating source is gravito-acoustic waves, generated by convection inside the proto-neutron star. As these waves propagate into the wind, they can both accelerate the wind and shock and deposit energy into the wind. Additionally, the acceleration of the wind by these waves can reduce the total number of neutrino captures and thereby reduce the final electron fraction of the wind. In neutron rich conditions, all of these effects can make conditions more favorable for r-process nucleosynthesis. Here, we present a systematic investigation of the impact of these convection-generated gravito-acoustic waves within the wind on potential nucleosynthesis. We find that wave effects in the wind can generate conditions favorable for a strong r-process, even when the energy flux in the waves is a factor of $10^{-4}$ smaller than the total neutrino energy flux and the wind is marginally neutron-rich. Nevertheless, this depends strongly on the radius at which the wave become non-linear and form shocks. We also find that both entropy production after shock formation and the acceleration of the wind due to stresses produced by the waves prior to shock formation impact the structure and nucleosynthesis of these waves.
description: 14 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
9-Aminomethyl-9,10-dihydroanthracene (AMDA) analogs as structural probes for steric tolerance in 5-HT2A and H1 receptor binding sites
Creators: name: Roth, Bryan L.
name: Peddi, Srinivas
name: Westkaemper, Richard B.
name: Shah, Jitesh R.
name: Mosier, Philip D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Synthesis, radioligand binding and molecular modeling studies of several 9-aminomethyl-9,10-dihydroanthracene (AMDA) analogs were carried out to determine the extent of the steric tolerance associated with expansion of the tricyclic ring system and amine substitution at 5-HT2A and H1 receptors. A mixture of (7,12-dihydrotetraphene-12-yl)methanamine and (6,11-dihydrotetracene-11-yl)methanamine in a 75% to 25% ratio was found to have an apparent Ki of 10 nM at the 5-HT2A receptor. A substantial binding affinity for (7,12-dihydrotetraphene-3-methoxy-12-yl)methanamine at the 5-HT2A receptor (Ki = 21 nM) was also observed. Interestingly, this compound was found to have 100-fold selectivity for 5-HT2A over the H1 receptor (Ki = 2500 nM). N-Phenylalkyl-AMDA derivatives, in which the length of the alkyl chain varied from methylene to n-butylene, were found to have only weak affinity for both 5-HT2A and H1 receptors (Ki = 223 to 964 nM). Our results show that large rigid annulated AMDA analogs can be sterically accommodated within the proposed 5-HT2A binding site.
(102877) George Dalrymple Cowan
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
A primal-dual interior-point relaxation method with global and rapidly local convergence for nonlinear programs
Creators: name: Liu, Xin-Wei
name: Dai, Yu-Hong
name: Huang, Ya-Kui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Based on solving an equivalent parametric equality constrained mini-max problem of the classic logarithmic-barrier subproblem, we present a novel primal-dual interior-point relaxation method for nonlinear programs with general equality and nonnegative constraints. In each iteration, our method approximately solves the KKT system of a parametric equality constrained mini-max subproblem, which avoids the requirement that any primal or dual iterate is an interior-point. The method has some similarities to the warmstarting interior-point methods in relaxing the interior-point requirement and is easily extended for solving problems with general inequality constraints. In particular, it has the potential to circumvent the jamming difficulty that appears with many interior-point methods for nonlinear programs and improve the ill conditioning of existing primal-dual interior-point methods as the barrier parameter is small. A new smoothing approach is introduced to develop our relaxation method and promote convergence of the method. Under suitable conditions, it is proved that our method can be globally convergent and locally quadratically convergent to the KKT point of the original problem. The preliminary numerical results on a well-posed problem for which many interior-point methods fail to find the minimizer and a set of test problems from the CUTEr collection show that our method is efficient.
description: accepted by Mathematical Methods of Operations Research, access to a view-only version https://rdcu.be/cUFBe
The Impact of Black Hole Scaling Relation Assumptions on the Mass Density of Black Holes
Creators: name: Matt, Cayenne
name: Gültekin, Kayhan
name: Simon, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the effect of supermassive black hole (SMBH) mass scaling relation choice on the inferred SMBH mass population since redshift $z \sim 3$. To make robust predictions for the gravitational wave background (GWB) we must have a solid understanding of the underlying SMBH demographics. Using the SDSS and 3D HST+CANDELS surveys for $0 < z < 3$ we evaluate the inferred SMBH masses from two SMBH-galaxy scaling relations: $\mathrm{M_{BH}}$-$\mathrm{M_{bulge}}$ and $\mathrm{M_{BH}}$-$σ$. Our SMBH mass functions come directly from stellar mass measurements for $\mathrm{M_{BH}}$-$\mathrm{M_{bulge}}$, and indirectly from stellar mass and galaxy radius measurements along with the galaxy mass fundamental plane for $\mathrm{M_{BH}}$-$σ$. We find that there is a substantial difference in predictions especially for $z > 1$, and this difference increases out to $z = 3$. In particular we find that using velocity dispersion predicts a greater number of SMBHs with masses greater than $10^9 \mathrm{M}_\odot$. The GWB that pulsar timing arrays find evidence for is higher in amplitude than expected from GWB predictions which rely on high redshift extrapolations of local SMBH mass-galaxy scaling relations. The difference in SMBH demographics resulting from different scaling relations may be the origin for the mismatch between the signal amplitude and predictions. Generally, our results suggest that a deeper understanding of the potential redshift evolution of these relations is needed if we are to draw significant insight from their predictions at $z > 1$
description: Accepted by MNRAS
Homotopy ribbon concordance, Blanchfield pairings, and twisted Alexander polynomials
Creators: name: Friedl, Stefan
name: Kitayama, Takahiro
name: Lewark, Lukas
name: Nagel, Matthias
name: Powell, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57N70 (57K10, 57K14)

description: We establish homotopy ribbon concordance obstructions coming from the Blanchfield form and Levine-Tristram signatures. Then, as an application of twisted Alexander polynomials, we show that for every knot K with nontrivial Alexander polynomial, there exists an infinite family of knots that are all concordant to K and have the same Blanchfield form as K, such that no pair of knots in that family is homotopy ribbon concordant.
description: 33 pages. Comments welcome. v2: Added details and new Example 3.5, accepted for publication by Canadian Journal of Mathematics
Antitumor agents 273. Design and synthesis of N-alkyl-thiocolchicinoids as potential antitumor agents
Creators: name: Shi, Qian
name: Hamel, Ernest
name: Lai, Chin Yu
name: Nakagawa-Goto, Kyoko
name: Lee, Kuo Hsiung
name: Kozaka, Takashi
name: Brossi, Arnold
name: Bastow, Kenneth F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: As a part of our continuing study of colchicinoids as therapeutically useful antitumor drugs, thiocolchicine derivatives, including their phosphate and other water soluble salts, were synthesized and evaluated for inhibition of tubulin polymerization and for in vitro cytotoxicity. Three compounds, 7, 10, and 11, showed potent inhibition of tubulin assembly (IC50 = 0.88 – 1.1 μM). In addition, compound 7, a water soluble succinic acid salt of N-deacetylthiocolchicine (4), showed potent cytotoxicity against a panel of tumor cell lines, suggesting it might be a potential lead to be developed as a therapeutic antitumor agent. Compound 8, a water soluble succinic acid salt of N,N-dimethyl-N-deacetylthiocolchicine (5), showed selective activities against HCT-8 and SK-BR-3 cells. N,N-Diethyl-N-deacetylthiocolchicine (6) seemed not to be a substrate for the P-gp efflux pump, based on the similar ED50 values obtained against P-gp over-expressing KBvin (0.0146 μg/mL) cells and the parent KB (0.0200 μg/mL) cell line.