cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Social Networks and Technology Adoption
Creators: name: Hogset, Heidi
name: Hogset, Heidi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: This study analyzes social network effects on Kenyan smallholders' decision to adopt improved natural resource management techniques. These effects are decomposed into effects from social influence and learning through networks (strong ties), group effects, weak ties effects, informal finance, and conflicts arising from technological externalities, controlling for non-network effects.
Origin of the Galactic ridge X-ray emission
Creators: name: Revnivtsev, M.
name: Sazonov, S.
name: Gilfanov, M.
name: Churazov, E.
name: Sunyaev, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze a map of the Galactic ridge X-ray emission (GRXE) constructed in the 3-20 keV energy band from RXTE/PCA scan and slew observations. We show that the GRXE intensity closely follows the Galactic near-infrared surface brightness and thus traces the Galactic stellar mass distribution. The GRXE consists of two spatial components which can be identified with the bulge/bar and the disk of the Galaxy. The parameters of these components determined from X-ray data are compatible with those derived from near-infrared data. The inferred ratio of X-ray to near-infrared surface brightness I(3-20 keV) (1e-11 erg/s/cm2/deg2)/I_(3.5micron)(MJy/sr)=0.26+/-0.05, and the ratio of X-ray to near-infrared luminosity L_(3-20 keV)/L_(3-4 micron)=(4.1+/-0.3)e-5. The corresponding ratio of the 3-20 keV luminosity to the stellar mass is L_x/M_Sun= (3.5\pm0.5) 10^{27} erg/s, which agrees within the uncertainties with the cumulative emissivity per unit stellar mass of point X-ray sources in the Solar neighborhood, determined in an accompanying paper (Sazonov et al.). This suggests that the bulk of the GRXE is composed of weak X-ray sources, mostly cataclysmic variables and coronally active binaries. The fractional contributions of these classes of sources to the total X-ray emissivity determined from the Solar neighborhood data can also explain the GRXE energy spectrum. Based on the luminosity function of local X-ray sources we predict that in order to resolve 90% of the GRXE into discrete sources a sensitivity limit of ~10^{-16} erg/s/cm2 (2--10 keV) will need to be reached in future observations.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures. Submitted to A&A
QCD (&) Event Generators
Creators: name: Skands, Peter Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent developments in QCD phenomenology have spurred on several improved approaches to Monte Carlo event generation, relative to the post--LEP state of the art. In this brief review, the emphasis is placed on approaches for 1) consistently merging fixed--order matrix element calculations with parton showers, 2) improving the parton shower algorithms themselves, and 3) improving the description of the underlying event in hadron collisions.
description: Submitted to proceedings of DIS05, 12 pages
Additional file 3 of Whole exome sequencing revealed a novel homozygous variant in the DGKE catalytic domain: a case report of familial hemolytic uremic syndrome
Creators: name: Gholizad-Kolveiri, Soraya
name: Nakysa Hooman
name: Rasoul Alizadeh
name: Rozita Hoseini
name: Otukesh, Hasan
name: Talebi, Saeed
name: Akouchekian, Mansoureh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 3: Figure S3. Interaction of residue located at position 314 with the surrounding residues. A: Wild Type residue. B: Mutant residue
Hologravity
Creators: name: Alishahiha, Mohsen
name: Karch, Andreas
name: Silverstein, Eva
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dS/dS correspondence provides a holographic description of quantum gravity in d dimensional de Sitter space near the horizon of a causal region in a well defined approximation scheme; it is equivalent to the low energy limit of conformal field theory on de Sitter space in d-1 dimensions coupled to d-1 dimensional gravity. In this work, we extend the duality to higher energy scales by performing calculations of various basic physical quantities sensitive to the UV region of the geometry near the center of the causal patch. In the regime of energies below the d dimensional Planck scale but above the curvature scale of the geometry, these calculations encode the physics of the d-1 dimensional matter plus gravity system above the crossover scale where gravitational effects become strong. They exhibit phenomena familiar from studies of two dimensional gravity coupled to conformal field theory, including the cancellation of the total Weyl anomaly in d-1 dimensions. We also outline how the correspondence can be used to address the issue of observables in de Sitter space, and generalize the correspondence to other space times, such as black holes, inflationary universes, and landscape bubble decays. In the cases with changing cosmological constant, we obtain a dual description in terms of renormalization group flow.
description: 27 pages, 4 figures; references added
Bar Classification based on the Potential Map
Creators: name: Lee, Yun Hee
name: Park, Myeong-Gu
name: Ann, Hong Bae
name: Kim, Taehyun
name: Seo, Woo-Young
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a new approach to classify barred galaxies that utilizes the transverse-to-radial force ratio map (ratio map, hereafter) in a different manner from previous studies. When we display the ratio map in polar coordinates, barred galaxies appear as four aligned, horizontal thick slabs. This characteristic feature enables us to successfully classify barred and nonbarred galaxies with an accuracy of 87%. It yields the bar fraction of 53%, including both SBs and SABs, when applied to 884 nearby (z < 0.01) spiral galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey/DR7. It also provides the bar strength and length measurements, in particular, separated from the spiral arms. They show good correlations with the measures estimated from ellipse fitting and Fourier analysis. However, we find different tendencies of the bar strength measurements in terms of the Hubble sequence: as the Hubble sequence increases (towards late-type), the bar strength and bar ellipticity increase, whereas the dipole Fourier amplitude decreases. We show that the bulge affects the estimation of the bar strength differently, depending on the classification methods. The bulge causes the bar length to be overestimated in all three methods. Meanwhile, we find that barred galaxies show two types of radial profiles of the angle-averaged force ratio: one has a maximum peak (type M) and the other a plateau (type P). Comparison with numerical simulations suggests that type M bars are more mature than type P bars in terms of evolutionary stage.
description: 29 pages, 21 figures
Additional file 1 of Cancer screening simulation models: a state of the art review
Creators: name: Bespalov, Aleksandr
name: Barchuk, Anton
name: Auvinen, Anssi
name: Nevalainen, Jaakko
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. PRISMA checklist.
Protecting Our Homeland: Incorporating Vulnerability to Terrorism in State Homeland Security Grants
Creators: name: Brunet, Alexia
name: Brunet, Alexia
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Public Economics

description: Vulnerabilities realized following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 highlight the need for the Federal government to allocate funding for the prevention and response to terrorist events based on vulnerability to terrorism. However, the funding formula used by the State Homeland Security Program (SHSP) is based on a lump sum to all states plus an incremental amount distributed by population. Therein the formula does not explicitly address varying risks across States. The objective of this paper is to theoretically formulate an alternative formula to distribute grant funding based on vulnerability to terrorism across States. Empirical techniques are used to test three hypotheses regarding grant funding. State government data are used to infer the optimal funding levels to cover expected damages associated with various targets: population density, hazardous material sources, federal courts, hospitals, interstates, pipelines, power generation, public water use, airports, universities, port capacity, and confined feeding operations. State allocations for the SHSP and the larger Homeland Security Grant Program (HSGP) are compared to allocations based on vulnerability to terrorism. Vulnerability-based allocations are calculated for all states. The difference between vulnerability-based allocations and the SHSP allocations indicate that the SHSP program over-compensates for population-based vulnerabilities and under-compensates for other vulnerabilities. The results suggest that the HSGP does not eliminate the population-bias of the SHSP.
Asymptotic behavior of saxion-axion system in stringy quintessence model
Creators: name: Seo, Min-Seok
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The late time behavior of the slow-roll parameter in the stringy quintessence model is studied when axion as well as saxion are allowed to move. Even though the potential is independent of the axion at tree level, the axion can move through its coupling to the saxion and the background geometry. Then the contributions of the axion kinetic energy to the slow-roll parameter and the vacuum energy density are not negligible when the slow-roll approximation does not hold. As the dimension of the field space is doubled, the fixed point at which the time variation of the slow-roll parameter vanishes is not always stable. It is found that the fixed point in the saxion-axion system is at most partially stable, in particular when the volume modulus and the axio-dilaton, the essential ingredients of the string compactification, are taken into account. It seems that as more saxion-axion pairs are considered, achieving the stability of the fixed point becomes difficult.
description: 17 pages, 3 figures, version published in Fortschritte der Physik
Additional file 4 of Whole exome sequencing revealed a novel homozygous variant in the DGKE catalytic domain: a case report of familial hemolytic uremic syndrome
Creators: name: Gholizad-Kolveiri, Soraya
name: Nakysa Hooman
name: Rasoul Alizadeh
name: Rozita Hoseini
name: Otukesh, Hasan
name: Talebi, Saeed
name: Akouchekian, Mansoureh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 4: Figure S4. H-bonds formed by wild type and mutant residues. Figure S4–1. H-bonds formed by wild type residue. Figure S4–2. H-bonds formed by mutant residue.
Additional file 2 of Cancer screening simulation models: a state of the art review
Creators: name: Bespalov, Aleksandr
name: Barchuk, Anton
name: Auvinen, Anssi
name: Nevalainen, Jaakko
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Appendix for the article.
Statistical characteristics on SEPs, radio-loud CMEs, low frequency type II and type III radio bursts associated with impulsive and gradual flares
Creators: name: Kalaivani, P. Pappa
name: Shanmugaraju, A.
name: Prakash, O.
name: Kim, R. -S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have statistically analyzed a set of 115 low frequency (Deca- Hectometer wavelengths range) type II and type III bursts associated with major Solar Energetic Particle (SEP: Ep > 10 MeV) events and their solar causes such as solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) observed from 1997 to 2014. We classified them into two sets of events based on the duration of the associated solar flares:75 impulsive flares (duration < 60 min) and 40 gradual flares (duration > 60 min).The impulsive flare-associated SEP events (Rt = 989.23 min: 2.86 days) are short lived and they quickly reach their peak intensity (shorter rise time) when compared with gradual flares associated events (Rt =1275.45 min: 3.34 days). We found a good correlation between the logarithmic peak intensity of all SEPs and properties of CMEs (space speed: cc = 0.52, SEcc = 0.083), and solar flares (log integrated flux: cc = 0.44, SEcc = 0.083). This particular result gives no clear cut distinction between flare-related and CME-related SEP events for this set of major SEP events. We derived the peak intensity, integrated intensity, duration and slope of these bursts from the radio dynamic spectra observed by Wind/WAVES. Most of the properties (peak intensity, integrated intensity and starting frequency) of DH type II bursts associated with impulsive and gradual flare events are found to be similar in magnitudes. In addition, we also found a significant correlation between the properties of SEPs and key parameters of DH type III bursts. This result shows a closer association of peak intensity of the SEPs with the properties of DH type III radio bursts than with the properties DH type II radio bursts, at least for this set of 115 major SEP events.
description: 26 pages, 9 figures
The Influence of Market Factors on Intention to Adopt a "Radical" Product Innovation by Farmers
Creators: name: Verhees, Frans J.H.M.
name: Meulenberg, Matthew T.G.
name: Pennings, Joost M.E.
name: Verhees, Frans J.H.M.
name: Meulenberg, Matthew T.G.
name: Pennings, Joost M.E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Radical product innovation
subject: family farms
subject: marketing
subject: intentions

description: This study proposes a model to explain the intention of farmers to adopt a radical product innovation. Particular attention is given to the influence of marketing factors. Results from illustrating the model for Dutch poultry farms are presented.
Feature Selection on Noisy Twitter Short Text Messages for Language Identification
Creators: name: Ansari, Mohd Zeeshan
name: Ahmad, Tanvir
name: Fatima, Ana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The task of written language identification involves typically the detection of the languages present in a sample of text. Moreover, a sequence of text may not belong to a single inherent language but also may be mixture of text written in multiple languages. This kind of text is generated in large volumes from social media platforms due to its flexible and user friendly environment. Such text contains very large number of features which are essential for development of statistical, probabilistic as well as other kinds of language models. The large number of features have rich as well as irrelevant and redundant features which have diverse effect over the performance of the learning model. Therefore, feature selection methods are significant in choosing feature that are most relevant for an efficient model. In this article, we basically consider the Hindi-English language identification task as Hindi and English are often two most widely spoken languages of India. We apply different feature selection algorithms across various learning algorithms in order to analyze the effect of the algorithm as well as the number of features on the performance of the task. The methodology focuses on the word level language identification using a novel dataset of 6903 tweets extracted from Twitter. Various n-gram profiles are examined with different feature selection algorithms over many classifiers. Finally, an exhaustive comparative analysis is put forward with respect to the overall experiments conducted for the task.
Long-Term Evolution of Massive Black Hole Binaries. II. Binary Evolution in Low-Density Galaxies
Creators: name: Berczik, Peter
name: Merritt, David
name: Spurzem, Rainer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use direct-summation N-body integrations to follow the evolution of binary black holes at the centers of galaxy models with large, constant-density cores. Particle numbers as large as 400K are considered. The results are compared with the predictions of loss-cone theory, under the assumption that the supply of stars to the binary is limited by the rate at which they can be scattered into the binary's influence sphere by gravitational encounters. The agreement between theory and simulation is quite good; in particular, we are able to quantitatively explain the observed dependence of binary hardening rate on N. We do not verify the recent claim of Chatterjee, Hernquist & Loeb (2003) that the hardening rate of the binary stabilizes when N exceeds a particular value, or that Brownian wandering of the binary has a significant effect on its evolution. When scaled to real galaxies, our results suggest that massive black hole binaries in gas-poor nuclei would be unlikely to reach gravitational-wave coalescence in a Hubble time.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures
11095: Yorkshire WW1
Creators: name: Project Team, Lest We Forget
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 430304
subject: British history
classificationCode: 430308
subject: European history (excl. British, classical Greek and Roman)
classificationCode: 430316
subject: International history

description: When clearing a family member's house for moving, these photos and items were meant for the skip. Unfortunately the family member has Alzheimer's and so no information can be gained from the items apart from the obvious.
12007: Llandovery to Catterick Camp Military Hospital: from schoolgirl to VAD
Creators: name: Project Team, Lest We Forget
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 430304
subject: British history
classificationCode: 430308
subject: European history (excl. British, classical Greek and Roman)
classificationCode: 430316
subject: International history

description: Batchie (Bessie) Griffiths from Llandovery served as a VAD General Services clerk at Catterick Camp Military Hospital from February 1918 to February 1919. She left two autograph books from this time. The album reproduced here was started on 24 November 1915, her 16th birthday. Autographs between this date and February 1918 were written not only by friends and family, but also by patients at the Red Cross hospital in Llandovery. Autographs after February 1918 were mostly at Catterick, though some were post-war.
Autographs include: At Llandovery Red Cross hospital: Charles F. Allen (2nd Batt. OBLI), L/Cpl Freeborn (MGC), Wm. Gilchrist (RFA), Pte. F. Humphries (5th Royal Irish Regt., wounded at the Dardanelles, 7 Sep. 1915), Pte. A. C. Balkwill (Australian Force, wounded at Lone Pine, 6 Aug. 1915), A. Barrett (Royal Engineers), C. (?) Parker/Parkes, A. B. (17th Middlesex Footballers Batt.); Catterick or Llandovery: G. B. (1st Batt. Suff. Regt.), Sgt. A. G. Barrett MM (RAMC); At Catterick: L/Cpl Cowper (RAMC), Pte Murray, E. Potts (S. Sgt, RAMC), Cadet J. Crozier, Gunner Paterson (HAC), Mickie (Mil. P?), John S. Mutch (23rd Officer Cadet Battalion), Cpl. W. Peterkin (RAMC), Geo. H. Shepherd (Lt., RA), Maude [Hoare?] (VAD), J. S. Hopewell (?), Peggy (VAD), Sgt J. Johnston (RAMC), Bessie W., Bobbie (VAD?), Phyllis [Jenkins] (VAD), Tommy Wardle (RAMC), F. S. Dickinson, Bobbie O'Donnell (VAD?), Pte F. W. Whitworth, A. Cecil Storey. The album contains a few sketches, including one entitled "Released German barber, who has been interned for duration of war, waiting for his first English customer".
Too Litter, Too Late: Economic Logistics of Transporting Nutrient-Rich Poultry Litter Out of Nutrient-Saturated Regions
Creators: name: Carreira, Rita I.
name: Young, Kenneth B.
name: Goodwin, Harold L.
name: Carreira, Rita I.
name: Young, Kenneth B.
name: Goodwin, Harold L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Export of excess litter from concentrated animal production regions has become a pressing issue. A break even price for poultry litter in nutrient-deficient areas was identified through a math programming model using willingness to pay data from crop producers. Results indicate that a $16 subsidy is needed to sustain a long-term poultry litter market.
Device-independent quantum secret sharing with noise preprocessing and postselection
Creators: name: Zhang, Qi
name: Zhong, Wei
name: Du, Ming-Ming
name: Shen, Shu-Ting
name: Li, Xi-Yun
name: Zhang, An-Lei
name: Zhou, Lan
name: Sheng, Yu-Bo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Device-independent (DI) quantum secret sharing (QSS) can relax the security assumptions about the devices' internal workings and provide QSS the highest level of security in theory. The original DI QSS protocol proved its correctness and completeness under a causal independence assumption regarding measurement devices. However, there has been a lack of DI QSS's performance characterization in practical communication situations, which impedes its experimental demonstration and application in the future. Here, we propose a three-partite DI QSS protocol with noise preprocessing and postselection strategies and develop the numerical methods to implement its performance characterization in practical communication situations. The adoption of the noise preprocessing and postselection can reduce DI QSS's global detection efficiency threshold from 96.32% to 94.30% and increase the noise threshold from 7.148% to 8.072%. Our DI QSS protocol has two advantages. First, it is a DI QSS protocol with performance characterization in practical communication situations. Second, the adoption of noise preprocessing and postselection can effectively relax its experimental requirement and enhance the noise resistance. Our DI QSS protocol has potential for future experimental demonstration and application.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures
Impact of Farmland Preservation Programs on the Rate of Urban Development
Creators: name: Brinkman, Blondel A.
name: Miller, Douglas J.
name: Nickerson, Cynthia J.
name: Brinkman, Blondel A.
name: Miller, Douglas J.
name: Nickerson, Cynthia J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: Due to high losses of agricultural land in urbanizing areas over the past several years, state and local governments have adopted zoning regulations, right-to-farm ordinances, preferential property tax programs, and other means to protect agricultural land resources. Critics of the farmland preservation efforts note that these programs may only delay the ultimate conversion of farmland to urban uses and may simply shift urban development to neighboring areas (positive spillover effects). An alternative means of permanently protecting farmland is provided by purchase of development rights (PDR) programs, which enroll acreage from landowners who voluntarily sell the development rights to their farmland. Although ownership and all other property rights are retained by the owner, the option to develop the land for urban uses is removed from the current and all subsequent landowners. The purpose of this paper is to develop an empirical model of the impact of PDR programs on urban land development rates. To estimate the empirical model, we form a dependent variable based on county level rates of urban development from the USDA National Resources Inventory (NRI) data base for nine states in the Northeast US that have adopted farmland protection measures during the sample period (1982-1997). The set of explanatory variables include dummy variables for the existence of an active PDR program in the county and active PDR programs in adjacent counties plus measures of demographics, farm returns, population growth, income, and site-specific factors gathered from several sources (e.g., Census of Agriculture, Census of Population, and USDA). The model is estimated using the ordinary least squares technique. Two key policy-relevant hypotheses: (1) PDR programs did not reduce the rate of urban development and (2) PDR programs did not induce positive spillover effects on neighboring counties. The test results suggest that PDRs may have had important more significant impact in the earlier years and did not cause positive spillover effects.
Interlocking nodal chains and their examples in carbon networks
Creators: name: Li, Zhiwei
name: Xie1, Yuee
name: Chang, Po-Yao
name: Chen, Yuanping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nodal chain is a typical topological phase in nodal line semimetals. Here, we propose a new topological phase -- interlocking nodal chains, in which two sets of nodal chains are interlocked each other. It includes one- (1D), two- (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) versions, which can be produced by a three-band model. The 2D and 3D interlocking nodal chains will evolve into some other phases, such as double concentric isolated (or intersecting) nodal rings, coexisting nodal chain and isolated (or intersecting) nodal rings. These phases exhibit diverse surface states and Landau levels, which implies that there are rich electronic and magnetic properties associating with them. Moreover, the 2D interlocking nodal chains and related phase transitions can be realized in a series of carbon networks under strain. Without strain, topological phase in the carbon structures is double concentric isolated nodal rings. A larger tensile strain leads to the phase transiting to an interlocking nodal chain, while the middle phase is a coexisting phase of a nodal chain and isolated nodal rings. In addition, stability and synthesis of the carbon networks are discussed.
Bosc, Jean/Guitton, Jean/Daniélon, Jean, Le Dialogue catholique - protestant
Creators: name: Pfisterer, Rudolf
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 9 Nr. 4 (1960): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 9, Heft 4
Economic Value of Original Non-Market Valuation Research
Creators: name: Allen, Bryon
name: Loomis, John B.
name: Allen, Bryon
name: Loomis, John B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: We describe a method to determine the net economic gain from conducting original research to estimate non-market benefits of public policy and demonstrate an application of this method. We provide a step-wise method to allow policy practitioners to make informed decisions about when there are expected net benefits to conducting or contracting for original research to estimate the benefits of a policy decision.
The scalar radius of the pion
Creators: name: Yndurain, F. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The pion scalar radius is given by $=(6/π)\int_{4M^2_π}^\infty{\rm d}s δ_S(s)/s^2$, with $δ_S$ the phase of the scalar form factor. Below $\bar{K}K$ threshold, $δ_S=δ_π$, $δ_π$ being the isoscalar, S-wave $ππ$ phase shift. At high energy, $s>2 {\rm GeV}^2$, $δ_S$ is given by perturbative QCD. In between I argued, in a previous letter, that one can interpolate $δ_S\simδ_π$, because inelasticity is small, compared with the errors. This gives $=0.75\pm0.07 {\rm fm}^2$. Recently, Ananthanarayan, Caprini, Colangelo, Gasser and Leutwyler (ACCGL) have claimed that this is incorrect and one should have instead $δ_S\simeqδ_π-π$; then $=0.61\pm0.04 {\rm fm}^2$. Here I show that the ACCGL phase $δ_S$ is pathological in that it is discontinuous for small inelasticity, does not coincide with what perturbative QCD suggests at high energy, and only occurs because these authors take a value for $δ_π(4m^2_K)$ different from what experiment indicates. If one uses the value for $δ_π(4m^2_K)$ favoured by experiment, the ensuing phase $δ_S$ is continuous, agrees with perturbative QCD expectations, and satisfies $δ_S\simeqδ_π$, thus confirming the correctness of my previous estimate, $=0.75\pm0.07 {\rm fm}^2$.
description: Version to be published in Phys. Letters. A few typos corrected. Plain YeX file. 5 figures
The influence of action requirements on action-centered selective attention
Creators: name: Ibbotson, Jennifer A.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: We have a number of internal mechanisms that are used to effectively handle incoming information in order for proper functioning to occur. Selective attention is defined as " those mechanisms that enable complex perceptual information to be constrained to control specific actions" (Tipper, Lortie and Baylis, 1992 p. 891). A means of studying this selectivity is to have a person select and act on a target object in the presence of distractor objects - a situation often encountered in our daily interaction with the immediate environment. Tipper et al. (1992) have employed such methods to develop an action-centered model of selective attention, attempting to explain the interaction between objects in the environment and goal-directed action. In previous research examining predictions from an action-centered model of selective attention, the primary focus has been on how reaching movements to selected target objects are affected by the presence and spatial location of distractor objects. The purpose of the present experiments was to investigate the manner in which object and response selection are influenced by the nature of the required action and interaction with objects within a person's perceptual-motor workspace. Experiment One revealed that selective response preparation and execution was unaffected by manipulation of the engagement properties of the target and distractor objects. Experiment Two investigated how the end goal of the actions afforded by target and distractor objects might emphasize the action requirements and therefore influence the action. Despite a robust distractor effect, the engagement properties of target and distractor objects did not interact to influence action. Taken together, the present results suggest that a distractor object's action requirement is not a crucial determinant of its potential influence on attention and action.
Anytime MiniBatch: Exploiting Stragglers in Online Distributed Optimization
Creators: name: Ferdinand, Nuwan
name: Al-Lawati, Haider
name: Draper, Stark C.
name: Nokleby, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Distributed optimization is vital in solving large-scale machine learning problems. A widely-shared feature of distributed optimization techniques is the requirement that all nodes complete their assigned tasks in each computational epoch before the system can proceed to the next epoch. In such settings, slow nodes, called stragglers, can greatly slow progress. To mitigate the impact of stragglers, we propose an online distributed optimization method called Anytime Minibatch. In this approach, all nodes are given a fixed time to compute the gradients of as many data samples as possible. The result is a variable per-node minibatch size. Workers then get a fixed communication time to average their minibatch gradients via several rounds of consensus, which are then used to update primal variables via dual averaging. Anytime Minibatch prevents stragglers from holding up the system without wasting the work that stragglers can complete. We present a convergence analysis and analyze the wall time performance. Our numerical results show that our approach is up to 1.5 times faster in Amazon EC2 and it is up to five times faster when there is greater variability in compute node performance.
description: International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), May 2019, New Orleans, LA, USA
Additional file 1 of Predicting the amputation risk for patients with diabetic foot ulceration – a Bayesian decision support tool
Creators: name: Hüsers, Jens
name: Hafer, Guido
name: Heggemann, Jan
name: Wiemeyer, Stefan
name: John, Swen Malte
name: Hübner, Ursula
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1:. The effective sample size for each predictor and model. Effective sample sizes > 10,000 are considered as sufficient.
12124: Edward Poole, Prisoner of War
Creators: name: Project Team, Lest We Forget
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 430304
subject: British history
classificationCode: 430308
subject: European history (excl. British, classical Greek and Roman)
classificationCode: 430316
subject: International history

description: This is my grandfather who was a prisoner of war for four years.
A Practical Guide to Sample-based Statistical Distances for Evaluating Generative Models in Science
Creators: name: Bischoff, Sebastian
name: Darcher, Alana
name: Deistler, Michael
name: Gao, Richard
name: Gerken, Franziska
name: Gloeckler, Manuel
name: Haxel, Lisa
name: Kapoor, Jaivardhan
name: Lappalainen, Janne K
name: Macke, Jakob H
name: Moss, Guy
name: Pals, Matthijs
name: Pei, Felix
name: Rapp, Rachel
name: Sağtekin, A Erdem
name: Schröder, Cornelius
name: Schulz, Auguste
name: Stefanidi, Zinovia
name: Toyota, Shoji
name: Ulmer, Linda
name: Vetter, Julius
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Generative models are invaluable in many fields of science because of their ability to capture high-dimensional and complicated distributions, such as photo-realistic images, protein structures, and connectomes. How do we evaluate the samples these models generate? This work aims to provide an accessible entry point to understanding popular sample-based statistical distances, requiring only foundational knowledge in mathematics and statistics. We focus on four commonly used notions of statistical distances representing different methodologies: Using low-dimensional projections (Sliced-Wasserstein; SW), obtaining a distance using classifiers (Classifier Two-Sample Tests; C2ST), using embeddings through kernels (Maximum Mean Discrepancy; MMD), or neural networks (Fréchet Inception Distance; FID). We highlight the intuition behind each distance and explain their merits, scalability, complexity, and pitfalls. To demonstrate how these distances are used in practice, we evaluate generative models from different scientific domains, namely a model of decision-making and a model generating medical images. We showcase that distinct distances can give different results on similar data. Through this guide, we aim to help researchers to use, interpret, and evaluate statistical distances for generative models in science.
Online Parameter-Free Learning of Multiple Low Variance Tasks
Creators: name: Denevi, Giulia
name: Stamos, Dimitris
name: Pontil, Massimiliano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a method to learn a common bias vector for a growing sequence of low-variance tasks. Unlike state-of-the-art approaches, our method does not require tuning any hyper-parameter. Our approach is presented in the non-statistical setting and can be of two variants. The "aggressive" one updates the bias after each datapoint, the "lazy" one updates the bias only at the end of each task. We derive an across-tasks regret bound for the method. When compared to state-of-the-art approaches, the aggressive variant returns faster rates, the lazy one recovers standard rates, but with no need of tuning hyper-parameters. We then adapt the methods to the statistical setting: the aggressive variant becomes a multi-task learning method, the lazy one a meta-learning method. Experiments confirm the effectiveness of our methods in practice.
Incoherent control and entanglement for two-dimensional coupled systems
Creators: name: Romano, R.
name: D'Alessandro, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate accessibility and controllability of a quantum system S coupled to a quantum probe P, both described by two-dimensional Hilbert spaces, under the hypothesis that the external control affects only P. In this context accessibility and controllability properties describe to what extent it is possible to drive the state of the system S by acting on P and using the interaction between the two systems. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for these properties and we discuss the relation with the entangling capability of the interaction between S and P. In particular, we show that controllability can be expressed in terms of the SWAP operator, acting on the composite system, and its square root.
description: Latex, 13 pages
A Wave Function Describing Superfluidity in a Perfect Crystal
Creators: name: Zhai, Hui
name: Wu, Yong-Shi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a many-body wave function that exhibits both diagonal and off-diagonal long-range order. Incorporating short-range correlations due to interatomic repulsion, this wave function is shown to allow condensation of zero-point lattice vibrations and phase rigidity. In the presence of an external velocity field, such a perfect crystal will develop non-classical rotational inertia, exhibiting the supersolid behavior. In a sample calculation we show that the superfluid fraction in this state can be as large as of order 0.01 in a reasonable range of microscopic parameters. The relevance to the recent experimental evidence of a supersolid state by Chan and Kim is discussed.
description: final version to be published in Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment
Additional file 2 of Whole exome sequencing revealed a novel homozygous variant in the DGKE catalytic domain: a case report of familial hemolytic uremic syndrome
Creators: name: Gholizad-Kolveiri, Soraya
name: Nakysa Hooman
name: Rasoul Alizadeh
name: Rozita Hoseini
name: Otukesh, Hasan
name: Talebi, Saeed
name: Akouchekian, Mansoureh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 2: Figure S2. Confirmation of variant using Sanger sequencing
TRADEOFFS BETWEEN RURAL DEVELOPMENT POLICIES AND FOREST PROTECTION: SPATIALLY-EXPLICIT MODELING IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS OF VIETNAM
Creators: name: Mueller, Daniel
name: Munroe, Darla K.
name: Mueller, Daniel
name: Munroe, Darla K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: International Development

description: Alleviating rural poverty remains an important objective of development policy in many areas of the world. However, traditional means of increasing rural livelihoods such as increased investments in agricultural intensification measures can have disastrous impacts on natural resources such as forests by greatly increasing incentives for clearing. This paper contains a spatially-explicit model of land use in the Dak Lak province in the Central Highlands of Vietnam. Land use is modeled using a reduced-form multinomial logit model, and policy simulations are conducted. These simulations demonstrate that the adoption of yield-increasing inputs requires concomitant forest protection policies, both in terms of forest area and spatial configuration.
A Vaidya-type radiating solution in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity and its application to braneworld
Creators: name: Kobayashi, Tsutomu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a Vaidya-type radiating spacetime in Einstein gravity with the Gauss-Bonnet combination of quadratic curvature terms. Simply generalizing the known static black hole solutions in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity, we present an exact solution in arbitrary dimensions with the energy-momentum tensor given by a null fluid form. As an application, we derive an evolution equation for the ``dark radiation'' in the Gauss-Bonnet braneworld.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure. v2: references and comments added
Additional file 4 of Cancer screening simulation models: a state of the art review
Creators: name: Bespalov, Aleksandr
name: Barchuk, Anton
name: Auvinen, Anssi
name: Nevalainen, Jaakko
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 4. Detailed information on validation.
One-loop fermionic corrections to the instanton transition in two dimensional chiral Higgs model
Creators: name: Burnier, Y.
name: Shaposhnikov, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The one-loop fermionic contribution to the probability of an instanton transition with fermion number violation is calculated in the chiral Abelian Higgs model in 1+1 dimensions, where the fermions have a Yukawa coupling to the scalar field. The dependence of the determinant on fermionic, scalar and vector mass is determined. We show in detail how to renormalize the fermionic determinant in partial wave analysis, which is convenient for computations.
description: 36 pages, 5 figures
A graceful entrance to braneworld inflation
Creators: name: Lidsey, James E.
name: Mulryne, David J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Positively-curved, oscillatory universes have recently been shown to have important consequences for the pre-inflationary dynamics of the early universe. In particular, they may allow a self-interacting scalar field to climb up its potential during a very large number of these cycles. The cycles are naturally broken when the potential reaches a critical value and the universe begins to inflate, thereby providing a `graceful entrance' to early universe inflation. We study the dynamics of this behaviour within the context of braneworld scenarios which exhibit a bounce from a collapsing phase to an expanding one. The dynamics can be understood by studying a general class of braneworld models that are sourced by a scalar field with a constant potential. Within this context, we determine the conditions a given model must satisfy for a graceful entrance to be possible in principle. We consider the bouncing braneworld model proposed by Shtanov and Sahni and show that it exhibits the features needed to realise a graceful entrance to inflation for a wide region of parameter space.
THE U.S. ROLE IN THE FOOD AID PICTURE
Creators: name: Shapouri, Shahla
name: Rosen, Stacey L.
name: Meade, Birgit Gisela Saager
name: Shapouri, Shahla
name: Rosen, Stacey L.
name: Meade, Birgit Gisela Saager
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty

description: Food aid has been used to promote economic development, but mostly it is used to alleviate food shortages. At any given time, weather related and human-made disasters (such as civil strife and post conflict repercussions) create a demand for food aid. Recent analysis suggests that needs outpace the availability of such aid. The United States dominates the international food aid system, providing more than half of all food assistance, and its actions have a major influence on other donors and the system as a whole. The 50th anniversary of the U.S. food aid program in 2004 is a timely point to appraise, offer a retrospective of past issues, and reexamine plans for the future. The purpose of this paper is to examine the evolution of the U.S. food aid program and to review the recipients of U.S. food aid. In addition, the criteria for allocating food aid are evaluated quantitatively. Cross-country regression analysis is performed looking at food aid as a function of several factors including the recipient countries' political situation, production shocks, trade balance, and income level. The preliminary results show that food aid distribution is based not only on U.S. political and trade interests but also on the recipient countries' economic conditions. The estimation results indicate growing consideration of the recipients' needs in U.S. food aid transfers over time.
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 07/14/04.