cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Effect of boundaries on vacuum field fluctuations and radiation-mediated interactions between atoms
Creators: name: Armata, F.
name: Butera, S.
name: Fiscelli, G.
name: Incardone, R.
name: Notararigo, V.
name: Palacino, R.
name: Passante, R.
name: Rizzuto, L.
name: Spagnolo, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we discuss and review several aspects of the effect of boundary conditions and structured environments on dispersion and resonance interactions involving atoms or molecules, as well as on vacuum field fluctuations. We first consider the case of a perfect mirror, which is free to move around an equilibrium position and whose mechanical degrees of freedom are treated quantum mechanically. We investigate how the quantum fluctuations of the mirror's position affect vacuum field fluctuations for both a one-dimensional scalar and electromagnetic field, showing that the effect is particularly significant in the proximity of the moving mirror. This result can be also relevant for possible gravitational effects, since the field energy density couples to gravity. We stress that this interaction-induced modification of the vacuum field fluctuations can be probed through the Casimir-Polder interaction with a polarizable body, thus allowing to detect the effect of the mirror's quantum position fluctuations. We then consider the effect of an environment such as an isotropic photonic crystal or a metallic waveguide, on the resonance interaction between two entangled identical atoms, one excited and the other in the ground state. We discuss the strong dependence of the resonance interaction with the relative position of the atomic transition frequency with the gap of the photonic crystal in the former case, and with the cut-off frequency of waveguide in the latter.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures, Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop DICE 2016 Spacetime - Matter - Quantum Mechanics
The Network Impact of Hijacking a Quantum Repeater
Creators: name: Satoh, Takahiko
name: Nagayama, Shota
name: Van Meter, Rodney
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In quantum networking, repeater hijacking menaces the security and utility of quantum applications. To deal with this problem, it is important to take a measure of the impact of quantum repeater hijacking. First, we quantify the workload of each quantum repeater with regards to each quantum communication. Based on this, we show the costs for repeater hijacking detection using distributed quantum state tomography and the amount of work loss and rerouting penalties caused by hijacking. This quantitive evaluation covers both purification-entanglement swapping and quantum error correction repeater networks. Naive implementation of the checks necessary for correct network operation can be subverted by a single hijacker to bring down an entire network. Fortunately, the simple fix of randomly assigned testing can prevent such an attack.
description: 23 pages, 10 figures
Segert (2013): Transformationen in Osteuropa im 20. Jahrhundert
Creators: name: Ehs, Tamara
Publisher: name: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft
Year: 2014

description: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft, Bd. 43 Nr. 1 (2014): Ökologische Krise
Mainstreaming climate change adaptation in a federal state setting: Policy changes in the flood protection and tourism sectors in Austria?
Creators: name: Clar, Christoph
name: Steurer, Reinhard
Publisher: name: Austrian Journal of Political Science
Year: 2014

description: While mainstreaming climate change adaptation in unitary states is mainly concerned with integrating respective concerns horizontally across sectors, federal states such as Austria or Germany add a significant vertical dimension to the challenge. Since provinces in these countries have noteworthy competencies, mainstreaming climate change adaptation in a federal state setting also requires that adaptation concerns are coordinated or integrated across na-tional, regional and local levels of government. So far, it is unclear whether powerful provinces make the mainstreaming of climate change adaptation easier or more difficult. The pre-sent paper addresses this gap by analysing in how far two highly vulnerable yet markedly dif-ferent sectors (i.e. flood protection and tourism) embrace climate change adaptation at and across various levels of government in Austria. On the one hand, the paper shows that both sectors struggle with adaptation issues in their own ways. On the other hand it shows that the Austrian federal political system can (but does not have to) prove helpful for mainstreaming adaptation, mainly because provinces fulfil important coordination and support functions that link federal guidance and local actions. It concludes that the effects of federalism on climate change adaptation cannot be generalised but that they depend on the issue at stake.
description: Austrian Journal of Political Science, Bd. 43 Nr. 1 (2014): Ökologische Krise
On the Convergence of Asynchronous Parallel Iteration with Unbounded Delays
Creators: name: Peng, Zhimin
name: Xu, Yangyang
name: Yan, Ming
name: Yin, Wotao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent years have witnessed the surge of asynchronous parallel (async-parallel) iterative algorithms due to problems involving very large-scale data and a large number of decision variables. Because of asynchrony, the iterates are computed with outdated information, and the age of the outdated information, which we call delay, is the number of times it has been updated since its creation. Almost all recent works prove convergence under the assumption of a finite maximum delay and set their stepsize parameters accordingly. However, the maximum delay is practically unknown. This paper presents convergence analysis of an async-parallel method from a probabilistic viewpoint, and it allows for large unbounded delays. An explicit formula of stepsize that guarantees convergence is given depending on delays' statistics. With $p+1$ identical processors, we empirically measured that delays closely follow the Poisson distribution with parameter $p$, matching our theoretical model, and thus the stepsize can be set accordingly. Simulations on both convex and nonconvex optimization problems demonstrate the validness of our analysis and also show that the existing maximum-delay induced stepsize is too conservative, often slowing down the convergence of the algorithm.
description: accepted to JORSC
Filament Hunting: Integrated HI 21cm Emission From Filaments Inferred by Galaxy Surveys
Creators: name: Kooistra, Robin
name: Silva, Marta B.
name: Zaroubi, Saleem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Large scale filaments, with lengths that can reach tens of Mpc, are the most prominent features in the cosmic web. These filaments have only been observed indirectly through the positions of galaxies in large galaxy surveys or through absorption features in the spectra of high redshift sources. In this study we propose to go one step further and directly detect intergalactic medium filaments through their emission in the HI 21cm line. We make use of high resolution cosmological simulations to estimate the intensity of this emission in low redshift filaments and use it to make predictions for the direct detectability of specific filaments previously inferred from galaxy surveys, in particular the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Given the expected signal of these filaments our study shows that HI emission from large filaments can be observed by current and next generation radio telescopes. We estimate that gas in filaments of length $l \gtrsim$ 15 $h^{-1}$Mpc with relatively small inclinations to the line of sight ($\lesssim 10^\circ$) can be observed in $\sim40-100$ hours with telescopes such as GMRT or EVLA, potentially providing large improvements over our knowledge of the astrophysical properties of these filaments. Due to their large field of view and sufficiently long integration times, upcoming HI surveys with the Apertif and ASKAP instruments will be able to detect large filaments independently of their orientation and curvature. Furthermore, our estimates indicate that a more powerful future radio telescope like SKA-2 can be used to map most of these filaments, which will allow them to be used as a strong cosmological probe.
description: 16 pages, 11 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Future constraints on halo thermodynamics from combined Sunyaev-Zel'dovich measurements
Creators: name: Battaglia, Nicholas
name: Ferraro, Simone
name: Schaan, Emmanuel
name: Spergel, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The improving sensitivity of measurements of the kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect opens a new window into the thermodynamic properties of the baryons in halos. We propose a methodology to constrain these thermodynamic properties by combining the kinetic SZ, which is an unbiased probe of the free electron density, and the thermal SZ, which probes their thermal pressure. We forecast that our method constrains the average thermodynamic processes that govern the energetics of galaxy evolution like energetic feedback across all redshift ranges where viable halos sample are available. Current Stage-3 cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments like AdvACT and SPT-3G can measure the kSZ and tSZ to greater than 100$σ$ if combined with a DESI-like spectroscopic survey. Such measurements translate into percent-level constraints on the baryonic density and pressure profiles and on the feedback and non-thermal pressure support parameters for a given ICM model. This in turn will provide critical thermodynamic tests for sub-grid models of feedback in cosmological simulations of galaxy formation. The high fidelity measurements promised by the next generation CMB experiment, CMB-S4, allow one to further sub-divide these constraints beyond redshift into other classifications, like stellar mass or galaxy type.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures, Accepted to JCAP
Ökologische Krise und „große Transformation“. Einführung in den Themenschwerpunkt
Creators: name: Wissen, Markus
Publisher: name: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft
Year: 2014

description: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft, Bd. 43 Nr. 1 (2014): Ökologische Krise
Optimized cross-resonance gate for coupled transmon systems
Creators: name: Kirchhoff, Susanna
name: Keßler, Torsten
name: Liebermann, Per J.
name: Assémat, Elie
name: Machnes, Shai
name: Motzoi, Felix
name: Wilhelm, Frank K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The cross-resonant gate is an entangling gate for fixed frequency superconducting qubits introduced for untunable qubits. While being simple and extensible, it suffers from long duration and limited fidelity. Using two different optimal control algorithms, we probe the quantum speed limit for a CNOT gate in this system. We show that the ability to approach this limit depends strongly on the ansatz used to describe the optimal control pulse. A piecewise constant ansatz with a single carrier leads to an experimentally feasible pulse shape, shorter than the one currently used in experiments, but that remains relatively far from the speed limit. On the other hand, an ansatz based on the two dominant frequencies involved in the optimal control problem allows to generate an optimal solution more than twice as fast, in under $30$ns. This comes close to the theoretical quantum speed limit, which we estimate at $15$ns for typical circuit-QED parameters, which is more than an order of magnitude faster than current experimental microwave-driven realizations, and more than twice as fast as tunable direct-coupling experimental realizations.
description: 7 pages, 9 figures
Vierzig Jahre globaler Ressourcenverbrauch: Ein Überblick aktueller Debatten
Creators: name: Mayer, Andreas
Publisher: name: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft
Year: 2013

description: 1972 wurden erstmals „Die Grenzen des Wachstums“ modelliert. Der vorliegende Artikel fasst aktuelle wissenschaftliche Literatur zusammen, die verschiedene Aspekte des globalen Ressourcenverbrauchs analysiert: Die Veränderung in der globalen Arbeitsteilung und eine zunehmend aufwendigere Extraktion von Ressourcen sind aktuelle Zuspitzungen, wodurch Quellen und Senken gesellschaftlichen Stoffwechsels zunehmend belastet, Rohstoffpreise ansteigen und ökonomisches Wachstum verlangsamt werden. Die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchungen deuten darauf hin, dass das 1972 als „standard run“ betitelte Szenario am ehesten den realen Entwicklungen bis heute entspricht. Dieses Szenario mündet in der Mitte des 21. Jahrhunderts in einem Zusammenbruch der Industrieproduktion und einem Kollaps des Bevölkerungssystems. Der Überblick macht also auch deutlich, dass bisherige Versuche eines Gegensteuerns in Richtung eines nachhaltigeren Umgangs mit Ressourcen nur wenig erfolgreich waren, und stellt zuletzt die Frage nach angemesseneren politischen Maßnahmen.
description: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft, Bd. 43 Nr. 1 (2014): Ökologische Krise
If the infinite summation 1+2+3+4... equals a number, we should ignore infinity
Creators: name: timjicht, Ayman
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 490499
subject: Pure mathematics not elsewhere classified

description: this artical containe a proof of If the infinite summation 1+2+3+4... equals a number, the infinite sum 1+1+1... = 0
Kaufen für eine nachhaltige Welt? Das Beispiel Fairtrade
Creators: name: Jonas, Michael
name: Littig, Beate
name: Penz, Otto
Publisher: name: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft
Year: 2013

description: In der Diskussion über wünschenswerte gesellschaftliche Entwicklungen ist nachhaltiger Konsum zu einem zentralen Schlagwort avanciert. Diesem aktuellen Nachhaltigkeitsdiskurs zufolge können Veränderungen des individuellen Konsumverhaltens positiv auf die Ausgestaltung von Produktionsbedingungen und Handelsbeziehungen einwirken. Am Beispiel von Fairtrade gehen wir der Überzeugungskraft dieser Annahme nach. Die Analyse des Fairtrade-Feldes und der dazugehörigen Programmatik sowie des Konsums von Fairtrade-Produkten führen uns dazu, eine pessimistischere Sichtweise zu entwickeln. Der Konsum von Fairtrade-Produkten ist demnach weniger Ausdruck von Nachhaltigkeit, denn Beleg für einen gesellschaftlichen Wandel Richtung lifestyle politics und die Ökonomisierung moralisierter Märkte.
description: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft, Bd. 43 Nr. 1 (2014): Ökologische Krise
T cell-mimicking platelet-drug conjugates
Creators: name: Zhang, Yuqi
name: Yu, Jicheng
name: Yang, Yinxian
name: Yao, Yuejun
name: Dotti, Gianpietro
name: Gu, Zhen
name: Wang, Yanfang
name: Wang, Shenqiang
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2023

description:
Cancer metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. The indispensable role of platelets in tumor metastasis inspires the targeted delivery strategy by using platelet-drug conjugates (PDCs). Here, we armed platelets with granzyme B and perforin nanocomplexes to suppress cancer metastasis by leveraging the natural cytotoxic mechanism of T cells. Upon systemic administration, PDCs naturally capture circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and actively target nascent metastatic lesions, thus enhancing the targeted delivery efficiency. Subsequently, PDCs activated in situ by tumor cells can produce platelet microparticles (PMPs) that can actively target tumor cells by the expression of adhesion molecules such as P-selectin and thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) and by secreting cytotoxic protein complexes mimicking cytotoxic lymphocytes. We demonstrated that the PDCs significantly suppressed lung metastasis in two tumor models, B16F10 melanomas and 4T1 breast carcinomas.
Van der Waals and resonance interactions between accelerated atoms in vacuum and the Unruh effect
Creators: name: Lattuca, M.
name: Marino, J.
name: Noto, A.
name: Passante, R.
name: Rizzuto, L.
name: Spagnolo, S.
name: Zhou, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss different physical effects related to the uniform acceleration of atoms in vacuum, in the framework of quantum electrodynamics. We first investigate the van der Waals/Casimir-Polder dispersion and resonance interactions between two uniformly accelerated atoms in vacuum. We show that the atomic acceleration significantly affects the van der Waals force, yielding a different scaling of the interaction with the interatomic distance and an explicit time dependence of the interaction energy. We argue how these results could allow for an indirect detection of the Unruh effect through dispersion interactions between atoms. We then consider the resonance interaction between two accelerated atoms, prepared in a correlated Bell-type state, and interacting with the electromagnetic field in the vacuum state, separating vacuum fluctuations and radiation reaction contributions, both in the free-space and in the presence of a perfectly reflecting plate. We show that nonthermal effects of acceleration manifest in the resonance interaction, yielding a change of the distance dependence of the resonance interaction energy. This suggests that the equivalence between temperature and acceleration does not apply to all radiative properties of accelerated atoms. To further explore this aspect, we evaluate the resonance interaction between two atoms in non inertial motion in the coaccelerated (Rindler) frame and show that in this case the assumption of an Unruh temperature for the field is not required for a complete equivalence of locally inertial and coaccelerated points of views.
description: 8 pages, Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop DICE 2016 Spacetime - Matter - Quantum Mechanics
Immer (mehr) Ärger wegen der Natur? – Für eine gesellschafts- und konflikttheoretische Analyse von Konflikten um Natur
Creators: name: Dietz, Kristina
name: Engels, Bettina
Publisher: name: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft
Year: 2013

description: Konflikte um Natur erlangen in der Politikwissenschaft zunehmend Bedeutung. Bestehende analytische Zugänge weisen jedoch einige Schwächen auf. Wir widmen uns zunächst der Umweltkonfliktforschung. Dieser fehlt, so unser Argument, ein theoretisches Verständnis des Gesellschaft-Natur-Verhältnisses, was eine an gesellschaftliche Strukturen rückgebundene Analyse von Konflikten um Natur verhindert. Eine politisch-ökologische Perspektive ermöglicht zwar eine solche Analyse, allerdings bleibt ihr Konfliktbegriff oft vage. Der Beitrag entwickelt hiervon ausgehend eine gesellschafts- und konflikttheoretisch angeleitete Perspektive, mit der es gelingt, das Verhältnis von Natur und Konflikt begrifflich zu fassen, theoretisch zu verankern und empirisch zu analysieren.
description: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft, Bd. 43 Nr. 1 (2014): Ökologische Krise
Museatopia: A virtual world for museums and cultural exhibitions
Creators: name: Arampatzakis, Vasileios
name: Theodoropoulou, Helena G
name: Kiourt, Chairi
name: Sevetlidis, Vasileios
name: Pavlidis, George
Publisher: name: CAA-GR
Year: 2024

description: This research explores how advanced game engines and web technologies collaborate to enrich the intersection of culture, education, and gaming. It introduces Museatopia, an innovative virtual world framework specifically tailored for virtual museums, designed for natural, user-friendly interaction. This framework brings together digital content from various museums, enabling museum owners to easily curate personalized virtual exhibitions. Museatopia is a unique digital world made up entirely of museums. This arrangement provides a dynamic platform where even smaller museums can showcase and amplify their content on a broader scale. The primary goal is to effectively protect and promote the rich cultural heritage of Greece. By bridging the gap between limited resources and the significant mission of smaller cultural institutions, this approach represents a crucial step in ensuring the lasting vibrancy and impact of cultural endeavors within the digital landscape.
A $(2+ε)$-Approximation for Maximum Weight Matching in the Semi-Streaming Model
Creators: name: Paz, Ami
name: Schwartzman, Gregory
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a simple deterministic single-pass $(2+ε)$-approximation algorithm for the maximum weight matching problem in the semi-streaming model. This improves upon the currently best known approximation ratio of $(4+ε)$. Our algorithm uses $O(n\log^2 n)$ bits of space for constant values of $ε$. It relies on a variation of the local-ratio theorem, which may be of use for other algorithms in the semi-streaming model as well.
State, context and correspondence. Contours of a historical-materialist policy analysis
Creators: name: Brand, Ulrich
Publisher: name: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft
Year: 2013

description: This paper outlines contours of a historical-materialist policy analysis through a double critique. First, historical-materialist approaches all too often conceptualize policies in a functionalist way as “outcomes” of predominant social relations, especially of class relations. The contingencies and own logics of policy processes are often downplayed. However, the (non-)correspondence between societal reproduction and policies needs to be conceptualized. It is proposed to understand the state as a “knowledge apparatus” which constantly organizes or even produces knowledge about objects of steering, societal and political problems, and the possibilities of how to deal with problems. Secondly, policy analysis has a simplified understanding of the state due to its state theoretical deficit. From a perspective of critical state and hegemony theory, the state is understood as a sectoralized social relation with power-shaped selectivities and is embedded in more or less hegemonic societal relations.
description: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft, Bd. 42 Nr. 4 (2013): Offenes Heft
Radiative decays $χ_{cJ}\rightarrow Vγ$ within the QCD factorisation framework
Creators: name: Kivel, N.
name: Vanderhaeghen, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a discussion of radiative decays $χ_{cJ}\rightarrowγρ(ω, ϕ)$. The decay amplitudes are computed within the QCD factorisation framework. NRQCD has been used in the heavy meson sector as well as a collinear expansion in order to describe the overlap with light mesons in the final state. The colour-singlet contributions to all helicity amplitudes have been computed using the light-cone distribution amplitudes of twist-2 and twist-3. All obtained expressions are well defined at least in the leading-order approximation. The colour-octet contributions have also been studied in the Coulomb limit in order to exhibit their scaling behaviour. In order to understand the relevance of the different contributions we perform numerical estimates using the colour-singlet contributions. For the $χ_{c1}\rightarrow γV_\perp$ decays, to vector mesons with transverse polarisation, we find that the colour-singlet contribution potentially allows for a reliable description. On the other hand, for the $χ_{c1}\rightarrow γV_\Vert$ decays, to vector mesons with longitudinal polarisation, our finding indicate that the colour-octet mechanism may be important for a good description. We expect that more accurate measurements of the decay $χ_{c2}\rightarrowγV_{\perp,\Vert} $ can help to better understand the mechanism of radiative decays.
description: 25 pages, 8 figures, new version: text is improved and typos corrected
Die drei Dimensionen des Verfassungspatriotismus – Sternberger Revisited
Creators: name: Fleiner, Rebekka
Publisher: name: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft
Year: 2013

description: Der Begriff des Verfassungspatriotismus ist immer wieder Gegenstand kontroverser Diskussionen. Jüngere Beiträge rekurrieren dabei wieder vermehrt auf Sternbergers Begriff von Verfassungspatriotismus, wobei eine detaillierte Aufarbeitung des Konzeptes bislang fehlt. In dieser Arbeit wird daher unter Berücksichtigung seiner Erfahrung des Nationalsozialismus eine dreidimensionale Konzeptualisierung des Verfassungspatriotismus in eine kognitive, eine emotive und eine agitive Dimension vorgeschlagen. Diese drei Dimensionen konstituieren ein demokratisches Handlungskonzept, das Emotionalität und Rationalität verbindet und in dieser Hinsicht anschlussfähig in der aktuellen Politikwissenschaft ist.
description: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft, Bd. 42 Nr. 4 (2013): Offenes Heft
Electoral Legislation Reforms, State Funding and Political Parties in the Czech Republic: a Sign of the Cartelization of Party Politics?
Creators: name: Havlik, Vlastimil
name: Pinková, Aneta
Publisher: name: Austrian Journal of Political Science
Year: 2013

description: The paper analyses the system of public funding of political parties in the Czech Republic. The first part of the paper presents an overview of the laws governing political party funding in a wider socioeconomic context. The second part of the paper presents empirical analyses of party funding, focusing primarily on the role that state funding plays in the overall political party income structure. Specific attention is paid to the differences between parliamentary and non-parliamentary political parties. The overall findings suggest that the system of state financing in the Czech Republic does not promote equality and inclusivity within the party system. On the contrary, the significant disproportion of funds available and allocated to parliamentary parties seems to promote and solidify the status quo.
description: Austrian Journal of Political Science, Bd. 42 Nr. 4 (2013): Offenes Heft
„Correct Voting“ bei der Nationalratswahl 2008
Creators: name: Johann, David
name: Glantschnigg, Christian
Publisher: name: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft
Year: 2013

description: Darüber, wie viele und welche BürgerInnen bei österreichischen Nationalratswahlen „richtig“, (d.h. ihren Interessen und Überzeugungen entsprechend) gewählt haben, ist wenig bekannt. Der vorliegende Artikel möchte diese Lücke schließen. Untersucht wird, wie es um „richtiges Wählen“ bei der Nationalratswahl 2008 bestellt war und welche Einflussfaktoren „richtiges Wahlverhalten“ bedingten. Besonderes Augenmerk liegt dabei auf der Frage, welche Rolle das individuelle Mediennutzungsverhaltens bzw. die rezipierte Medienberichterstattung für „richtige Wahlentscheidungen“ spielten. Es zeigt sich, dass sich Medienkonsum nicht generell positiv auf „richtige Wahlentscheidungen“ auswirkt. Während der Konsum von TV-Nachrichtensendungen insgesamt tendenziell „richtige Wahlentscheidungen“ begünstigt, scheint der Konsum bestimmter Tageszeitungen wie der Kronen Zeitung „richtige Wahlentscheidungen“ zu hemmen. Die Befunde weisen somit auch darauf hin, dass in zukünftiger Forschung mit Blick auf die Qualität der angebotenen Informationen zu politischen Sachfragen nach Unterschieden zwischen verschiedenen Medien gesucht werden sollte.
description: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft, Bd. 42 Nr. 4 (2013): Offenes Heft
Rechtspopulismus im Wandel. Wahlplakate der FPÖ von 1978-2008
Creators: name: Marquart, Franziska
Publisher: name: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft
Year: 2013

description: Obwohl rechtspopulistische Parteien mittlerweile in vielen Staaten Westeuropas eine wichtige Rolle spielen, existieren bislang nur wenige Studien, die sich mit den Inhalten ihrer Werbekommunikation auseinandersetzen. Das Plakat als dominantes Wahlkampfmedium verdient in diesem Kontext besondere Beachtung und wird in der vorliegenden Studie erstmals einer Langzeitanalyse unterzogen, die die Themenstrukturen und populistischen Inhalte von Wahlplakaten der Freiheitlichen Partei Österreichs (FPÖ) in den Blick nimmt. Es zeigt sich, dass die als dominierend wahrgenommenen ausländerfeindlichen Themen und Angriffe der vergangenen Jahre die Ausnahme und den vorläufigen Höhepunkt einer Entwicklung markieren, deren Ende bis dato nicht abzusehen ist. Mögliche Folgen und Implikationen werden unter anderem vor dem Hintergrund von Befunden aus Wirkungsstudien zu Einstellungen gegenüber Migranten diskutiert.
description: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft, Bd. 42 Nr. 4 (2013): Offenes Heft
Invariance principle via orthomartingale approximation
Creators: name: Giraudo, Davide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for the orthomartingale-coboundary decomposition. We establish a sufficient condition for the approximation of the partial sums of a strictly stationary random fields by those of stationary orthomartingale differences. This condition can be checked under multidimensional analogues of the Hannan condition and the Maxwell-Woodroofe condition.
Moore's Conjecture for Polyhedral Products
Creators: name: Hao, Yanlong
name: Sun, Qianwen
name: Theriault, Stephen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55Q05, 13F55, 55P62, 55U10

description: Moore's Conjecture is shown to hold for generalized moment-angle complexes and a criterion is proved that determines when a polyhedral product is elliptic or hyperbolic.
description: reference fixed from version 2
Locating a robber with multiple probes
Creators: name: Haslegrave, John
name: Johnson, Richard A. B.
name: Koch, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C57, 05C85

description: We consider a game in which a cop searches for a moving robber on a connected graph using distance probes, which is a slight variation on one introduced by Seager. Carragher, Choi, Delcourt, Erickson and West showed that for any $n$-vertex graph $G$ there is a winning strategy for the cop on the graph $G^{1/m}$ obtained by replacing each edge of $G$ by a path of length $m$, if $m\geq n$. The present authors showed that, for all but a few small values of $n$, this bound may be improved to $m\geq n/2$, which is best possible. In this paper we consider the natural extension in which the cop probes a set of $k$ vertices, rather than a single vertex, at each turn. We consider the relationship between the value of $k$ required to ensure victory on the original graph and the length of subdivisions required to ensure victory with $k=1$. We give an asymptotically best-possible linear bound in one direction, but show that in the other direction no subexponential bound holds. We also give a bound on the value of $k$ for which the cop has a winning strategy on any (possibly infinite) connected graph of maximum degree $Δ$, which is best possible up to a factor of $(1-o(1))$.
description: 16 pages, 2 figures. Updated to show that Theorem 2 also applies to infinite graphs. Accepted for publication in Discrete Mathematics
On Generalized Bellman Equations and Temporal-Difference Learning
Creators: name: Yu, Huizhen
name: Mahmood, A. Rupam
name: Sutton, Richard S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 90C40, 60J05, 65C05, 68W40

description: We consider off-policy temporal-difference (TD) learning in discounted Markov decision processes, where the goal is to evaluate a policy in a model-free way by using observations of a state process generated without executing the policy. To curb the high variance issue in off-policy TD learning, we propose a new scheme of setting the $λ$-parameters of TD, based on generalized Bellman equations. Our scheme is to set $λ$ according to the eligibility trace iterates calculated in TD, thereby easily keeping these traces in a desired bounded range. Compared with prior work, this scheme is more direct and flexible, and allows much larger $λ$ values for off-policy TD learning with bounded traces. As to its soundness, using Markov chain theory, we prove the ergodicity of the joint state-trace process under nonrestrictive conditions, and we show that associated with our scheme is a generalized Bellman equation (for the policy to be evaluated) that depends on both the evolution of $λ$ and the unique invariant probability measure of the state-trace process. These results not only lead immediately to a characterization of the convergence behavior of least-squares based implementation of our scheme, but also prepare the ground for further analysis of gradient-based implementations.
description: Minor revision; 41 pages; to appear in Journal on Machine Learning Research, 2018
Gezi-Park-Proteste: Neue Möglichkeiten, Alte Grenzen?
Creators: name: Ataç, Ilker
name: Dursun, Ayse
Publisher: name: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft
Year: 2013

description: Der folgende Beitrag analysiert die Gezi-Park-Proteste gegen den geplanten Abriss von einem öffentlichen Park in Istanbul im Mai 2013, die sich in einigen wenigen Tagen zu einem landesweiten Massenprotest entwickelten. Wir argumentieren, dass der konservativ-religiöse Neoliberalismus der regierenden AKP (Partei für Gerechtigkeit und Entwicklung) zur Entstehung und Verbreitung der Gezi-Park-Proteste beigetragen hat. Wir vertreten die These, dass die Proteste Ausdruck der Suche nach neuen Räumen und Formen der partizipativen Politik sind, die sich als eine Alternative zu institutionellen Politik positionieren. Wir heben vorerst das transformative Potential der Proteste hervor, um in einem nächsten Schritt die Grenzen der Proteste zu skizzieren.
description: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft, Bd. 42 Nr. 4 (2013): Offenes Heft
Currents and finite elements as tools for shape space
Creators: name: Benn, James
name: Marsland, Stephen
name: McLachlan, Robert I
name: Modin, Klas
name: Verdier, Olivier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 32U40, 62M40, 65D18, 74S05

description: The nonlinear spaces of shapes (unparameterized immersed curves or submanifolds) are of interest for many applications in image analysis, such as the identification of shapes that are similar modulo the action of some group. In this paper we study a general representation of shapes that is based on linear spaces and is suitable for numerical discretization, being robust to noise. We develop the theory of currents for shape spaces by considering both the analytic and numerical aspects of the problem. In particular, we study the analytical properties of the current map and the $H^{-s}$ norm that it induces on shapes. We determine the conditions under which the current determines the shape. We then provide a finite element discretization of the currents that is a practical computational tool for shapes. Finally, we demonstrate this approach on a variety of examples.
Band gap opening of metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes via noncovalent symmetry breaking
Creators: name: Kumbhar, Amar
name: Meikle, Hope
name: Alatis, James A.
name: Harvey, Alexis K.
name: Albro, Joseph A.
name: Widel, Zachary X. W.
name: Bai, Yusong
name: Mastrocinque, Francesco
name: Atkin, Joanna M.
name: Franklin, Aaron D.
name: Therien, Michael J.
name: Bullard, George
name: Nayak, Animesh
name: Williams, Nicholas X.
name: Waldeck, David H.
Publisher: name: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Year: 2024

description:
Covalent bonding interactions determine the energy-momentum (E-k) dispersion (band structure) of solid-state materials. Here, we show that noncovalent interactions can modulate the E-k dispersion near the Fermi level of a low-dimensional nanoscale conductor. We demonstrate that low energy band gaps may be opened in metallic carbon nanotubes through polymer wrapping of the nanotube surface at fixed helical periodicity. Electronic spectral, chiro-optic, potentiometric, electronic device, and work function data corroborate that the magnitude of band gap opening depends on the nature of the polymer electronic structure. Polymer dewrapping reverses the conducting-to-semiconducting phase transition, restoring the native metallic carbon nanotube electronic structure. These results address a long-standing challenge to develop carbon nanotube electronic structures that are not realized through disruption of π conjugation, and establish a roadmap for designing and tuning specialized semiconductors that feature band gaps on the order of a few hundred meV.
Optomechanics with a position-modulated Kerr-type nonlinear coupling
Creators: name: Mikkelsen, M.
name: Fogarty, T.
name: Twamley, J.
name: Busch, Th.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cavity optomechanics has proven to be a field of research rich with possibilities for studying motional cooling, squeezing, quantum entanglement and metrology in solid state systems. While to date most studies have focused on the modulation of the cavity frequency by the moving element, the emergence of new materials will soon allow to explore the influences of nonlinear optical effects. We therefore study in this work the effects due to a nonlinear position-modulated self-Kerr interaction and find that this leads to an effective coupling that scales with the square of the photon number, meaning that significant effects appear even for very small nonlinearities. This strong effective coupling can lead to lower powers required for motional cooling and the appearance of multi-stability in certain regimes.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
Extended subadiabatic layer in simulations of overshooting convection
Creators: name: Käpylä, Petri J.
name: Rheinhardt, Matthias
name: Brandenburg, Axel
name: Arlt, Rainer
name: Käpylä, Maarit J.
name: Lagg, Andreas
name: Olspert, Nigul
name: Warnecke, Jörn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present numerical simulations of hydrodynamic overshooting convection in local Cartesian domains. We find that a substantial fraction of the lower part of the convection zone (CZ) is stably stratified according to the Schwarzschild criterion while the enthalpy flux is outward directed. This occurs when the heat conduction profile at the bottom of the CZ is smoothly varying, based either on a Kramers-like opacity prescription as a function of temperature and density or a static profile of a similar shape. We show that the subadiabatic layer arises due to nonlocal energy transport by buoyantly driven downflows in the upper parts of the CZ. Analysis of the force balance of the upflows and downflows confirms that convection is driven by cooling at the surface. We find that the commonly used prescription for the convective enthalpy flux being proportional to the negative entropy gradient does not hold in the stably stratified layers where the flux is positive. We demonstrate the existence of a non-gradient contribution to the enthalpy flux, which is estimated to be important throughout the convective layer. A quantitative analysis of downflows indicates a transition from a tree-like structure where smaller downdrafts merge into larger ones in the upper parts to a structure in the deeper parts where a height-independent number of strong downdrafts persist. This change of flow topology occurs when a substantial subadiabatic layer is present in the lower part of the CZ.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, published in ApJL
Semi-algebraic triangulation over p-adically closed fields
Creators: name: Darnière, Luck
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove a triangulation theorem for semi-algebraic sets over a p-adically closed field, quite similar to its real counterpart. We derive from it several applications like the existence of flexible retractions and splitting for semi-algebraic sets.
SuperSpike: Supervised learning in multi-layer spiking neural networks
Creators: name: Zenke, Friedemann
name: Ganguli, Surya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A vast majority of computation in the brain is performed by spiking neural networks. Despite the ubiquity of such spiking, we currently lack an understanding of how biological spiking neural circuits learn and compute in-vivo, as well as how we can instantiate such capabilities in artificial spiking circuits in-silico. Here we revisit the problem of supervised learning in temporally coding multi-layer spiking neural networks. First, by using a surrogate gradient approach, we derive SuperSpike, a nonlinear voltage-based three factor learning rule capable of training multi-layer networks of deterministic integrate-and-fire neurons to perform nonlinear computations on spatiotemporal spike patterns. Second, inspired by recent results on feedback alignment, we compare the performance of our learning rule under different credit assignment strategies for propagating output errors to hidden units. Specifically, we test uniform, symmetric and random feedback, finding that simpler tasks can be solved with any type of feedback, while more complex tasks require symmetric feedback. In summary, our results open the door to obtaining a better scientific understanding of learning and computation in spiking neural networks by advancing our ability to train them to solve nonlinear problems involving transformations between different spatiotemporal spike-time patterns.
Just what is data-driven campaigning? A systematic review
Creators: name: Dommett, Katharine
name: Barclay, Andrew
name: Gibson, Rachel
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Discussions of data-driven campaigning have gained increased prominence in recent years. Often associated with the practices of Cambridge Analytica and linked to debates about the health of modern democracy, scholars have devoted considerable attention to the rise of data-driven politics. However, most studies to date have focused solely on practice in the US, and few scholars have made efforts to define the precise meaning of ‘data-driven campaigning’. With growing recognition that data-driven campaigning can take different forms dependent on context and available resource, new questions have emerged as to exactly what features are indicative of this phenomena. In this piece we systematically review existing discussions of data-driven campaigning to unpack the components of this idea. Identifying areas of convergence and divergence in existing discussions of ‘data’, ‘driven’, and ‘campaigning’, we classify existing debate to highlight integral features and variable practices. This article accordingly provides the first comprehensive definition of data-driven campaigning, and aims to facilitate international study of this activity.
Dachs/Dirninger/Floimair (Hg.) (2013): Übergänge und Veränderungen
Creators: name: Karlhofer, Ferdinand
Publisher: name: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft
Year: 2013

description: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft, Bd. 42 Nr. 3 (2013): Offenes Heft
A molecular-dynamics approach for studying the non-equilibrium behavior of x-ray-heated solid-density matter
Creators: name: Abdullah, Malik Muhammad
name: Anurag
name: Jurek, Zoltan
name: Son, Sang-Kil
name: Santra, Robin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When matter is exposed to a high-intensity x-ray free-electron-laser pulse, the x rays excite inner-shell electrons leading to the ionization of the electrons through various atomic processes and creating high-energy-density plasma, i.e., warm or hot dense matter. The resulting system consists of atoms in various electronic configurations, thermalizing on sub-picosecond to picosecond timescales after photoexcitation. We present a simulation study of x-ray-heated solid-density matter. For this we use XMDYN, a Monte-Carlo molecular-dynamics-based code with periodic boundary conditions, which allows one to investigate non-equilibrium dynamics. XMDYN is capable of treating systems containing light and heavy atomic species with full electronic configuration space and 3D spatial inhomogeneity. For the validation of our approach we compare for a model system the electron temperatures and the ion charge-state distribution from XMDYN to results for the thermalized system based on the average-atom model implemented in XATOM, an ab-initio x-ray atomic physics toolkit extended to include a plasma environment. Further, we also compare the average charge evolution of diamond with the predictions of a Boltzmann continuum approach. We demonstrate that XMDYN results are in good quantitative agreement with the above mentioned approaches, suggesting that the current implementation of XMDYN is a viable approach to simulate the dynamics of x-ray-driven non-equilibrium dynamics in solids. In order to illustrate the potential of XMDYN for treating complex systems we present calculations on the triiodo benzene derivative 5-amino-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalic acid (I3C), a compound of relevance of biomolecular imaging, consisting of heavy and light atomic species.