cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A qualitative exploration of the lived experience of GP trainees failing to progress in training
Creators: name: Winter, Rachel
name: Norman, Robert I.
name: Patel, Rakesh
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Challenges facing general practice are multiple and extreme. Amongst them is the increasing difficulty of recruiting and retaining General Practitioners (GPs). GPs cite heavy workload, work-related stress, little family time and psychological ill-health as factors influencing their decisions to leave or reduce working hours. Analysis of the literature suggests that these factors, amongst others, are present in GP training and trainees have similar experiences. An in-depth understanding of the challenges trainees in difficulty face is lacking. Our research aim was to better understand the factors that trainees perceive contribute to their failure to progress in training. A qualitative approach was adopted using semi-structured interviews with GP trainees identified as failing to progress satisfactorily or failing the MRCGP examinations. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. Thematic analysis was used to understand the unique experiences of GP trainees and find common themes. Twenty-three interview transcripts were analysed. Emergent themes were presented using a framework of three distinct categories to aid data organisation and allocating themes and sub-themes: professional factors, personal factors, and social factors. Difficulties with managing work-load, poor motivation, lack of family time and psychological ill-health were significant themes for many. This study supports the evidence that difficulties facing GPs take root in training. Failure to fully understand trainees’ journeys and associated challenges reduces opportunities to provide bespoke packages of care and remediation that fully address their needs.
Food Safety Standards and Quality Upgrading through Import Competition
Creators: name: Eum, Jihyun
name: Eum, Jihyun
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Import competition
subject: quality upgrading
subject: food quality
subject: distance to frontier.

description: This paper investigates the effect of tariffs and non-tariff measures on efforts to upgrade product quality. Following conventional approaches to quality measurement, we examine disaggregated data covering the European Union's food imports from 159 trading partners from 1995 to 2003 across 28 food industries. Food product import tariffs and non-tariff measures are found to affect the rate of quality upgrading. Furthermore, we find the effect of import standard enforcement on quality upgrading to be non-monotonic, in that the products close to the world technology frontier are more likely to upgrade, while those distant from the frontier are less likely to upgrade.
Three- and two-point spatial correlations of intergalactic medium at $z\sim 2$ using projected quasar triplets
Creators: name: Maitra, Soumak
name: Srianand, Raghunathan
name: Petitjean, Patrick
name: Rahmani, Hadi
name: Gaikwad, Prakash
name: Choudhury, Tirthankar Roy
name: Pichon, Christophe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present analysis of two- and three-point correlation functions of Ly$α$ forest (at $2\le z\le 2.5$) using X-Shooter spectra of three background quasar triplets probing transverse separations of 0.5-1.6 pMpc. We present statistics based on transmitted flux and clouds identified using Voigt profile fitting. We show that the observed two-, three-point correlation functions and reduced three-point correlation (i.e Q) are well reproduced by our simulations. We assign probabilities for realising all the observed correlation properties simultaneously using our simulations. Our simulations suggest an increase in correlation amplitudes and Q with increasing $N_{\rm HI}$. We roughly see this trend in the observations too. We identify a concurrent gap of 17$\mathring{A}$ (i.e 14.2 $h^{-1}$cMpc, one of the longest reported) wide in one of the triplets. Such gap is realised only in 14.2% of our simulated sightlines and most of the time belongs to a void in the matter distribution. In the second triplet, we detect DLAs along all three sightlines (with spatial separations 0.64 to 1.6 pMpc) within a narrow redshift interval (i.e $Δz = 0.088$). Detection of a foreground quasar ($\sim$ 1 pMpc from the triplet sightlines) and excess partial Lyman Limit systems around these DLAs suggest that we may be probing a large over-dense region. We also report positive CIV- CIV correlations up to $\sim 500$ $km s^{-1}$ only in the longitudinal direction. Additionally, we conclude a positive CIV-Ly$α$ correlations for higher $N_{\rm HI}$ thresholds up to a scale of $\sim 1000$ $km s^{-1}$ both in transverse and longitudinal directions.
description: 28 pages, 20 figures. Submitted to MNRAS
Flux qubit-based detector of microwave photons
Creators: name: Ilinskaya, O. A.
name: Ryzhov, A. I.
name: Shevchenko, S. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A theory of detection of microwave photons with a flux qubit-based detector is presented. We consider semiclassical approximation with the electromagnetic field being in a coherent state. Flux qubit is considered as a multilevel quantum system (qudit). By solving the Lindblad equation, we describe the time evolution of occupations of the qudit's levels for readout and reset stages of detection. When considering the reset stage, the time evolution is described by multiple avoided-level crossings, thus providing a multilevel Landau-Zener-Stuckelberg-Majorana (LZSM) problem. In addition to numerical calculations, we present an approximate solution for the description of the reset stage dynamics based on the adiabatic-impulse approximation and rate equation approach. Our theory may be useful for the theoretical description of driven-dissipative dynamics of qudits, including applications such as single-photon detection.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures; Section IV and Appendix revised + minor changes; version accepted by Physical Review B
Thresholds and Regime Change in the Market for Renewable Identification Numbers
Creators: name: Markel, Evan
name: English, Burton C.
name: Lambert, Dayton
name: Markel, Evan
name: English, Burton C.
name: Lambert, Dayton
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Nonlinear Time Series
subject: Threshold Autoregressive
subject: Self-Exciting Autoregressive
subject: Smooth Transition Autoregressive
subject: Renewable Identification Numbers

description: The coupling of RIN prices appears to be the result of an ethanol market subject to RFS mandates that exceed the blend wall and non-binding mandates in the biodiesel market. It is thought that the ethanol mandate is binding beyond the market absorption ability, and thus the primary drivers of D6 ethanol RIN price are unobserved thresholds in renewable volume obligations, and deterministic variables such as corn price and ethanol blend margins. In regard to the market for biodiesel, the hypothesis is that biodiesel producers are over-complying with the RFS biodiesel mandates to meet an ethanol mandate which has crossed some threshold in proximity to the ethanol blend wall. Therefore biodiesel mandates are essentially non-binding. Nonlinear threshold models are applied to address nonlinearities occurring in the prices. These types of models are well suited to handling nonlinearities and regime changes, such as those which occur with RFS revisions. A candidate set of models are fitted to the data and model selection techniques are carried out to determine the most appropriate fit.
Remark about string field for general configuration of N D-instantons
Creators: name: Kluson, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we would like to suggest matrix form of the string field for any configuration of N D-instantons in bosonic string field theory.
description: 17 pages, R1:corrected some typos, reference added
Combining Insights From Multiple Large Language Models Improves Diagnostic Accuracy
Creators: name: Barabucci, Gioele
name: Shia, Victor
name: Chu, Eugene
name: Harack, Benjamin
name: Fu, Nathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.1; J.3

description: Background: Large language models (LLMs) such as OpenAI's GPT-4 or Google's PaLM 2 are proposed as viable diagnostic support tools or even spoken of as replacements for "curbside consults". However, even LLMs specifically trained on medical topics may lack sufficient diagnostic accuracy for real-life applications.
 Methods: Using collective intelligence methods and a dataset of 200 clinical vignettes of real-life cases, we assessed and compared the accuracy of differential diagnoses obtained by asking individual commercial LLMs (OpenAI GPT-4, Google PaLM 2, Cohere Command, Meta Llama 2) against the accuracy of differential diagnoses synthesized by aggregating responses from combinations of the same LLMs.
 Results: We find that aggregating responses from multiple, various LLMs leads to more accurate differential diagnoses (average accuracy for 3 LLMs: $75.3\%\pm 1.6pp$) compared to the differential diagnoses produced by single LLMs (average accuracy for single LLMs: $59.0\%\pm 6.1pp$).
 Discussion: The use of collective intelligence methods to synthesize differential diagnoses combining the responses of different LLMs achieves two of the necessary steps towards advancing acceptance of LLMs as a diagnostic support tool: (1) demonstrate high diagnostic accuracy and (2) eliminate dependence on a single commercial vendor.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, 1 table
How does small group continuing medical education (CME) impact on practice for rural GPs and their patients, a mixed-methods study
Creators: name: Dowling, Stephanie
name: J Last
name: H Finnegan
name: Bourke, John
name: Daly, Pat
name: Hanrahan, Conor
name: Harrold, Pat
name: McCoombe, Geoff
name: W Cullen
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Studies which report outcomes of continuing medical education (CME) interventions for rural general practitioners (GPs) are limited. This mixed methods study recruited GPs from four CME small group learning (SGL) tutor groups based in different rural locations in the Republic of Ireland. A two-hour teaching module on deprescribing in older patients was devised and implemented. Assessment of educational outcomes was via questionnaires, prescribing audits and qualitative focus groups. All GPs (n = 43) in these CME-SGL groups agreed to participate, 27 of whom (63%) self-identified as being in rural practice. Rural GPs were more likely to be male (56%), in practice for longer (19 years), and attending CME for longer (13 years). The questionnaires indicated learning outcomes were achieved knowledge increased immediately after the education, and was maintained 6 months later. Twenty-four GPs completed audits involving 191 patients. Of these, 152 (79.6%) were de-prescribed medication. In the qualitative focus groups, GPs reported sharing experiences with their peers during CME-SGL helped them to improve patient care and ensured that clinical practice is more consistent across the group. For rural GPs, CME-SGL involving discussion of cases and the practical implementation of guidelines, associated with audit, can lead to changes in patient care.
Motion on the n-dimensional ellipsoid under the influence of a harmonic force revisited
Creators: name: Dita, Petre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $n$ integrals in involution for the motion on the $n$-dimensional ellipsoid under the influence of a harmonic force are explicitly found. The classical separation of variables is given by the inverse momentum map. In the quantum case the Schrödinger equation separates into one-dimensional equations that coincide with those obtained from the classical separation of variables. We show that there is a more general orthogonal parametrisation of Jacobi type that depends on two arbitrary real parameters. Also if there is a certain relation between the spring constants and the ellipsoid semiaxes the motion under the influence of such a harmonic potential is equivalent to the free motion on the ellipsoid.
description: Latex2e, 18 pages
ALMA captures feeding and feedback from the active galactic nucleus in NGC613
Creators: name: Audibert, A.
name: Combes, F.
name: García-Burillo, S.
name: Hunt, L.
name: Eckart, A.
name: Aalto, S.
name: Casasola, V.
name: Boone, F.
name: Krips, M.
name: Viti, S.
name: Muller, S.
name: Dasyra, K.
name: van der Werf, P.
name: Martín, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report ALMA observations of CO(3-2) emission in the Seyfert galaxy NGC613, at a spatial resolution of 17pc, as part of our NUclei of GAlaxies sample. Our aim is to investigate the morphology and dynamics of the gas inside the central kpc, and to probe nuclear fueling and feedback phenomena. The morphology of CO(3-2) line emission reveals a 2-arm trailing nuclear spiral at $r\lesssim$100pc and a circumnuclear ring at ~350pc radius, that is coincident with the star-forming ring seen in the optical images. The molecular gas in the galaxy disk is in a remarkably regular rotation, however, the kinematics in the nuclear region is very skewed. The nuclear spectrum of CO and dense gas tracers HCN(4-3), HCO+(4-3), and CS(7-6) show broad wings up to $\pm$300km/s, associated with a molecular outflow emanating from the nucleus (r~25pc). We derive a molecular outflow mass $M_{out}$=2x10$^6$M$_\odot$ and a mass outflow rate of $\dot{M}_{out}=$27$\rm M_\odot yr^{-1}$. The molecular outflow energetics exceed the values predicted by AGN feedback models: the kinetic power of the outflow corresponds to 20%L_AGN and the momentum rate is $\dot{M}_{out}v\sim400L_{AGN}/c$. The outflow is mainly boosted by the AGN through entrainment by the radio jet, but given the weak nuclear activity of NGC613, we might be witnessing a fossil outflow, resulted from a strong past AGN that now has already faded. The nuclear trailing spiral observed in CO emission is inside the ILR ring of the bar. We compute the gravitational torques exerted in the gas to estimate the efficiency of the angular momentum exchange. The gravity torques are negative from 25 to 100pc and the gas loses its angular momentum in a rotation period, providing evidence of a highly efficient inflow towards the center. This phenomenon shows that the massive central black hole has a significant dynamical influence on the gas, triggering its fueling.
description: 19 pages, 21 figures, submitted to A&A
Properties of mm galaxies: Constraints from K-band blank fields
Creators: name: Dannerbauer, H.
name: Lehnert, M. D.
name: Lutz, D.
name: Tacconi, L.
name: Bertoldi, F.
name: Carilli, C.
name: Genzel, R.
name: Menten, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have used the IRAM Plateau de Bure mm interferometer to locate with subarcsecond accuracy the dust emission of three of the brightest 1.2mm sources in the NTT Deep Field (NDF) selected from our 1.2mm MAMBO survey at the IRAM 30m telescope. We combine these results with deep B to K imaging and VLA interferometry. Strikingly, none of the three accurately located mm galaxies MMJ120546-0741.5, MMJ120539-0745.4, and MMJ120517-0743.1 has a K-band counterpart down to the faint limit of K>21.9. This implies that these three galaxies are either extremely obscured and/or are at very high redshifts (z>~4). We combine our results with literature data for 11 more (sub)mm galaxies that are identified with similar reliability. In terms of their K-band properties, the sample divides into three roughly equal groups: (i) undetected to K~22, (ii) detected in the near-infrared but not the optical and (iii) detected in the optical with the possibility of optical follow-up spectroscopy. We find a trend in this sample between near-infrared to submm and submm to radio spectral indices, which in comparison to spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of low redshift infrared luminous galaxies suggests that the most plausible primary factor causing the extreme near-infrared faintness of our objects is their high redshift. We show that the near-infrared to radio SEDs of the sample are inconsistent with SEDs that resemble local far-infrared cool galaxies with moderate luminosities, which were proposed in some models of the submm sky. We briefly discuss the implications of the results for our understanding of galaxy formation.
description: aastex, 5 figures. Accepted by ApJ
Competition, Price Dispersion and Capacity Constraints: The Case of the U.S. Corn Seed Industry
Creators: name: Ilin, Cornelia
name: Shi, Guanming
name: Ilin, Cornelia
name: Shi, Guanming
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Market Structure
subject: Capacity Constraints
subject: Consumer Loyalty
subject: Price Dispersion.

description: This study examines the effect of competition on price dispersion and argues that the effect is contingent on the ability of firms to meet market demand. Our comparative static results show that competition among symmetrically capacity-constrained firms leads to a price decrease in the lower tail of the price distribution and a price increase in the upper tail. In contrast, competition among symmetrically capacity-unconstrained firms, or among firms with asymmetric capacities leads to an overall price increase along the distribution function. To investigate these findings empirically, we use a novel data set from the U.S. corn seed industry with farm-firm-level sales information for conventional and genetically modified corn seeds between 2004 - 2009. We estimate the empirical model using the IV Quantile Regression, and found evidence consistent with the above mentioned comparative static results. The analysis also shows that capacity-unconstrained seed firms charge a price premium, confirming the positive relationship between product availability and pricing found in our theoretical model.
Somoleja Rondani 1865
Creators: name: O'Hara, James E.
name: Cerretti, Pierfilippo
name: Pape, Thomas
name: Evenhuis, Neal L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Tachinidae
Somoleja

description: 512. Somoleja Rondani, 1865b: 207.
 ORIGINALLY INCLUDED SPECIES: Harrisia rebaptizata Rondani, 1859.
 TYPE SPECIES: Harrisia rebaptizata Rondani, 1859 [= Tachina aenea Meigen, 1824], by original designation.
 CURRENT STATUS: Junior synonym of Lydina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Herting & Dely-Draskovits (1993: 291)].
FAMILY: TACHINIDAE.
 REMARKS: Verrall in Scudder (1882: 310) listed the spelling Somatolia and this was cited as an emendation by Bezzi & Stein (1907: 222, “emend. Verr. ap. Scudd. 1882”), but criteria for making this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in Scudder (1882).
 EMENDATIONS: Somatolia Bezzi & Stein, 1907: 222 (unjustified), n. syn.
 [Somoleya] Rondani, 1868d: 580.
 CURRENT STATUS: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Somoleja Rondani, 1865.
FAMILY: TACHINIDAE.
REMARKS: Criteria for making this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in this work.
 513. Somomia Rondani, 1862d: 234.
 CURRENT STATUS: Unjustified emendation of Somomya Bertoloni, 1861; junior synonym of Calliphora Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830. New synonymy.
FAMILY: CALLIPHORIDAE.
 REMARKS: Name made available as an emendation by virtue of similar spelling changes in two or more names from “mya” to “mia” in the same work. Somomya Bertoloni, 1861 (as “ Somomya Rondani ”) is currently treated as a junior synonym of Calliphora Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Schumann (1986: 16)].
description: Published as part of O'Hara, James E., Cerretti, Pierfilippo, Pape, Thomas & Evenhuis, Neal L., 2011, 3141, pp. 1-268 in Zootaxa 3141 on pages 165-166
Additional file 1 of Distributions and trends of the global burden of COPD attributable to risk factors by SDI, age, and sex from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis of GBD 2019 data
Creators: name: Zou, Jiahua
name: Sun, Tao
name: Song, Xiaohui
name: Liu, Ye-Mao
name: Lei, Fang
name: Chen, Ming-Ming
name: Chen, Ze
name: Zhang, Peng
name: Ji, Yan-Xiao
name: Zhang, Xiao-Jing
name: She, Zhi-Gang
name: Cai, Jingjing
name: Luo, Yunman
name: Wang, Ping
name: Li, Hongliang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. The age-standardized DALY rate of COPD attributable to risk factors across different SDI regions, in 2019. Table S2. The temporal trends of age-standardized YLL rate attributed to risk factors across different SDI regions, 1990–2019. Table S3. The temporal trends of age-standardized YLD rate attributed to risk factors across different SDI regions, 1990–2019. Table S4. The temporal trends of age-standardized death rate attributed to risk factors across different SDI regions, 1990–2019.
Teleportation via thermally entangled state of a two-qubit Heisenberg XX chain
Creators: name: Yeo, Ye
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find that quantum teleportation, using the thermally entangled state of two-qubit Heisenberg XX chain as a resource, with fidelity better than any classical communication protocol is possible. However, a thermal state with a greater amount of thermal entanglement does not necessarily yield better fidelity. It depends on the amount of mixing between the separable state and maximally entangled state in the spectra of the two-qubit Heisenberg XX model.
description: 5 pages, 1 table
Catalytic enhancement in the performance of the microscopic two-stroke heat engine
Creators: name: Biswas, Tanmoy
name: Łobejko, Marcin
name: Mazurek, Paweł
name: Horodecki, Michał
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a model of heat engine operating in the microscopic regime: the two-stroke engine. It produces work and exchanges heat in two discrete strokes that are separated in time. The working body of the engine consists of two $d$-level systems initialized in thermal states at two distinct temperatures. Additionally, an auxiliary non-equilibrium system called catalyst may be incorporated with the working body of the engine, provided the state of the catalyst remains unchanged after the completion of a thermodynamic cycle. This ensures that the work produced by the engine arises solely from the temperature difference. Upon establishing the rigorous thermodynamic framework, we characterize two-fold improvement stemming from the inclusion of a catalyst. Firstly, we prove that in the non-catalytic scenario, the optimal efficiency of the two-stroke heat engine with a working body composed of two-level systems is given by the Otto efficiency, which can be surpassed by incorporating a catalyst with the working body. Secondly, we show that incorporating a catalyst allows the engine to operate in frequency and temperature regimes that are not accessible for non-catalytic two-stroke engines. We conclude with general conjecture about advantage brought by catalyst: including the catalyst with the working body always allows to improve efficiency over the non-catalytic scenario for any microscopic two-stroke heat engines. We prove the conjecture for two-stroke engines when the working body is composed of two $d$-level systems initialized in thermal states at two distinct temperatures, as long as the final joint state leading to optimal efficiency in the non-catalytic scenario is not product, or at least one of the $d$-level system is not thermal.
description: 27 Pages, 8 Figures, Comment Welcome
Promoting general practice as a career to medical students; a qualitative study of the approaches of undergraduate GP tutors
Creators: name: Caley, Anna Beth
name: Chilton, Anne-Marie
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Undergraduate (UG) General Practice (GP) tutors have been identified in the literature and in key UK workforce planning documents as one of the main influences on medical students’ decisions about pursuing a career in GP. To explore the attitudes and educational approaches of UG GP tutors in promoting GP as a career. A pragmatic constructivist qualitative study, interviewing 8 UG GP tutors supervising undergraduate final year medical students on placement. Interviews were transcribed, coded and grouped into themes using NVIVO11. Analysis was descriptive and interpretive using principles of thematic analysis. Tutors saw their role as promoting GP, supporting informed career decisions, correcting misconceptions and giving honest views. They used tutorials, critical reflection, exposure to authentic GP and role-modelling to promote GP, challenge misconceptions, and showcase managing complexities.. By guiding students to identify, discuss and reflect on their beliefs and by using clinical encounters and role modelling with further reflection, tutors enabled students to get a true picture of GP to identify if they could handle the challenges and complexities of the job. Kolb’s experiential learning cycle could form a framework to guide tutors in clinical settings supporting students making informed career decisions.
Non-existence of orthogonal complex structures on the round 6-sphere
Creators: name: Ferreira, Ana Cristina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 53C15, Secondary 53C55, 32L25

description: In this short note, we review the well-known result that there is no orthogonal complex structure on the 6-sphere with respect to the round metric.
description: Part of the special issue "(Non)-existence of complex structures on S^6" (Editor: Thomas Friedrich)
Density Perturbations in the Ekpyrotic Scenario
Creators: name: Khoury, Justin
name: Ovrut, Burt A.
name: Steinhardt, Paul J.
name: Turok, Neil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the generation of density perturbations in the ekpyrotic scenario for the early universe, including gravitational backreaction. We expose interesting subtleties that apply to both inflationary and ekpyrotic models. Our analysis includes a detailed proposal of how the perturbations generated in a contracting phase may be matched across a `bounce' to those in an expanding hot big bang phase. For the physical conditions relevant to the ekpyrotic scenario, we re-obtain our earlier result of a nearly scale-invariant spectrum of energy density perturbations. We find that the perturbation amplitude is typically small, as desired to match observation.
description: 36 pages, compressed and RevTex file, one postscript figure file. Minor typographical and numerical errors corrected, discussion added. This version to appear in Physical Review D
PHYSICAL BASIS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Creators: name: Csernai, László Pál
name: Papp, István
name: Spinnangr, Susanne Flo
name: Xie, Yi-Loung
name: Csernai, László Pál
name: Papp, István
name: Spinnangr, Susanne Flo
name: Xie, Yi-Loung
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: energy
subject: entropy
subject: complexity
subject: resources
subject: energia
subject: entrópia
subject: komplexitás
subject: források

description: This work is based on the talk given by Csernai at the Blue Sky International Conference in the Buda Castle on October 30, 2015, Budapest, Hungary. The human development on the Earth is analysed based on basic physical principles and the available resources. The areal and material resources are obviously ﬁnite, but the very fundamen¬tal energy resources are suﬃcient for solid and sustainable continuing development. These energy resources can compensate many of the constraints arising from the ﬁnite material resources. The development is going in the direction of increasing complexity on the surface of the Earth, due to the increasing green mass and the developing biological and material complex structures. This sustainable development is enabled by the astrophysical conditions and con¬straints and these conditions provide a good possibility for continuous further development in a sus¬tainable way. This development is characterized by the increasing neg-entropy on the surface of the Earth. -------------------------------------------------------- A cikk Csernai László előadásán alapul, amit a Budai Várban a Blue Sky nemzetközi tanácskozáson tartott, 2015. október 30-án. A Földön az emberi fejlődést az alapvető fizikai elvek és a rendelkezésre álló források alapján tanulmányozzuk. A rendelkezésünkre álló terület és az anyagi források nyilvánvalóan végesek, de az alapvető energiaforrások elegendőek egy szilárd és fenntartható folytonos fejlődéshez. Ezek az energiaforrások kiegyenlíteni tudják a véges anyagi forrásokból eredő megszorításokat. A fejlődés az összetettebb rendszerek irányába történik a Föld felszínén, a növekvő zöldtömeg és a fejlődő biológiai és összetett anyagi rendszerek kialakulásával. Ezt a fenntartható fejlődést az asztrofizikai feltételek és korlátok teszik lehetővé, amelyek jó feltételeket biztosítanak a további folytonos fejlődésnek egy fenntartható módon. Ez a fejlődés a Föld felületén a növekvő neg-entrópia kialakulásával jellemezhető.
Somomyia Rondani 1868
Creators: name: O'Hara, James E.
name: Cerretti, Pierfilippo
name: Pape, Thomas
name: Evenhuis, Neal L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Calliphoridae
Somomyia

description: 514. Somomyia Rondani, 1868a: 51 [1868d: 600; 1875c: 427].
 CURRENT STATUS: Unjustified emendation of Somomya Bertoloni, 1861; junior synonym of Calliphora Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830. New synonymy.
FAMILY: CALLIPHORIDAE.
 REMARKS: Name made available as an emendation by virtue of similar spelling changes in two or more names from “mya” to “myia” in the same work. Somomya Bertoloni, 1861 (as “ Somomya Rondani ”) is currently treated as a junior synonym of Calliphora Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Schumann (1986: 16)].
 [Spaerophoria] Rondani, 1856: 225, 223.
 CURRENT STATUS: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Sphaerophoria Le Peletier & Serville, 1828.
FAMILY: SYRPHIDAE.
 REMARKS: The earliest mention of Sphaerophoria Le Peletier & Serville, 1828 using the spelling “ Spaerophoria ” that we have found in this study is in Zetterstedt (1852: 4514), as an incorrect subsequent spelling. In Rondani (1856) this is either an incorrect subsequent spelling or unjustified emendation (by virtue of similar spelling changes in two or more names from “ph” to “p” in the same work). We thus follow ICZN Code Article 33.5 in treating this spelling in Rondani (1856) as an incorrect subsequent spelling.
 [Sparnopotius] Rondani, 1863: 67 [1864a: 67].
 CURRENT STATUS: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Sparnopolius Loew, 1855.
FAMILY: BOMBYLIIDAE.
REMARKS: Criteria for making this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in these works.
description: Published as part of O'Hara, James E., Cerretti, Pierfilippo, Pape, Thomas & Evenhuis, Neal L., 2011, 3141, pp. 1-268 in Zootaxa 3141 on page 166
Integrated ICTs for Water Basins Management in Southern Africa: Systematic Review and Meta-analyses for Perceived Relevance Criteria
Creators: name: Mongi, H.
name: Meinhardt, M.
name: Mongi, H.
name: Meinhardt, M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Water basins
subject: integrated ICTs
subject: Southern Africa
subject: relevance criteria
subject: meta-analysis.

description: User-focused design and an implementation of a computer-based Information System (IS) or Information Technology (IT) are considered to play a key role in enhancing adoption, supporting activities and contributing to the sector specific sustainability goals. However, there are general concerns over the practical applications derived from records of failure rates of IS/IT projects in the developing world. This paper aggregates and analyzes stakeholders’ perceived usefulness criteria that were documented from water basin focusing on IS and related projects in Southern Africa. Systematic literature reviews and meta-analysis were adopted for data collection and analyses. Literature with academic, practice and hybrid viewpoints was collected from five water basins in Southern Africa. Designed data collection flow chart guided the search for appropriate literature. Analyses of the data were performed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results of the search were classified and presented basing on the domain, yearly waves from 2000 to 2015, trans-basin nature and basin of focus. Literature was distributed across the classes at different magnitudes. The study has found out that relevance criteria as measure of usefulness have been incorporated in designing and implementing the IS/IT projects in the river basins. However, incorporation of relevance criteria was periodically increasing with technological advancement and increasing complexity of managing the water basins. In general, it was responsive to increasing challenges of water resources in the developing countries. This anticipated better results at the levels of output, outcome and impacts of IS/IT projects in the Southern Africa. The study concludes that the current trends of incorporation of the relevance criteria in designing and implementing the IS/IT projects on water resources are potential for impact-based interventions in Southern Africa.
Mobile Broadband for the Farmers: A Case Study of Technology Adoption by Cocoa Farmers in Southern East Java, Indonesia
Creators: name: Nabhani, Irfan
name: Daryanto, A.
name: Machfud
name: Rifin, A.
name: Nabhani, Irfan
name: Daryanto, A.
name: Machfud
name: Rifin, A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)
subject: Five Forces Porter
subject: Cocoa Farmer
subject: Mobile Broadband
subject: Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).

description: The objective of this paper is to examine the factors that affect Indonesia cocoa farmer intention to use mobile phone application. The main factors examined in this study are perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEOU), business factors and individual factors. The study sample consists of 191 respondents in thirteen cocoa farmer centers in southern East Java. Data were analyzed by employing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The findings revealed that the user intention on adopting mobile phone application especially by cocoa farmers is significantly impacted by social influence and this is in line with the massive growth the usage of social media application in Indonesia, other factors that determine the adoption are competitiveness pressure and cost perception. This research has a limitation that the generalizability of the findings is limited to the geographical scope of the sample. Based on findings, as the practical implications of this study, to get a higher rate on the adoption of mobile phone application, stakeholders need to ensure the benefit of technology adoption by providing more secure, more comfort, and more sounds like cloud ecosystem to increase the perception on ease of use and perception of usefulness. Novelty of this study is the combination of business factors and individual factors on the existing model of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM).
Entosthodon fascicularis Mull. Hal.
Creators: name: Ros, Rosa M.
name: Olaf, Susana Rams
name: Eloy, Olaf Werner
name: Cerón, Eloy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Bryophyta
Bryopsida
Funariales
Funariaceae
Entosthodon
Entosthodon fascicularis

description: Entosthodon fascicularis (Hedw.) Müll. Hal.
RECORDS. — Bescherelle (1882), Jelenc (1955a): Bône; Philippeville. Jelenc (1955a): Arba; Frais Vallon, 300 m; La Bouzaréa; Maison-Carrée. Rare.
description: Published as part of Ros, Rosa M., Olaf, Susana Rams, Eloy, Olaf Werner & Cerón, Eloy, 2024, Revisiting the Bryophyte Checklist of Algeria: Exploring Diversity and Distribution, pp. 49-116 in Cryptogamie, Bryologie 20 (5) on page 74, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-bryologie2024v45a5, http://zenodo.org/record/14593891
In Hot Pursuit of the Hidden Companion of Eta Carinae: An X-ray Determination of the Wind Parameters
Creators: name: Pittard, J. M.
name: Corcoran, M. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present X-ray spectral fits to a recently obtained Chandra grating spectrum of Eta Carinae, one of the most massive and powerful stars in the Galaxy and which is strongly suspected to be a colliding wind binary system. Hydrodynamic models of colliding winds are used to generate synthetic X-ray spectra for a range of mass-loss rates and wind velocities. They are then fitted against newly acquired Chandra grating data. We find that due to the low velocity of the primary wind (~500 km/s), most of the observed X-ray emission appears to arise from the shocked wind of the companion star. We use the duration of the lightcurve minimum to fix the wind momentum ratio at 0.2. We are then able to obtain a good fit to the data by varying the mass-loss rate of the companion and the terminal velocity of its wind. We find that Mdot ~ 1e-5 Msol/yr and v ~ 3000 km/s. With observationally determined values of ~500-700 km/s for the velocity of the primary wind, our fit implies a primary mass-loss rate of Mdot ~ 2.5e-4 Msol/yr. This value is smaller than commonly inferred, although we note that a lower mass-loss rate can reduce some of the problems noted by Hillier et al. (2001) when a value as high as 1e-3 Msol/yr is used. The wind parameters of the companion are indicative of a massive star which may or may not be evolved. The line strengths appear to show slightly sub-solar abundances, although this needs further confirmation. Based on the over-estimation of the X-ray line strengths in our model, and re-interpretation of the HST/FOS results, it appears that the homunculus nebula was produced by the primary star.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures, accepted by A&A
Validation of the neutron monitor yield function using data from AMS-02 experiment, 2011--2017
Creators: name: Koldobskiy, Sergey A.
name: Bindi, Veronica
name: Corti, Claudio
name: Kovaltsov, Gennady A.
name: Usoskin, Ilya G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The newly published spectra of protons and helium over time directly measured in space by the AMS-02 experiment for the period 2011--2017 provide a unique opportunity to calibrate ground-based neutron monitors (NMs). Here, calibration of several stable sealevel NMs (Inuvik, Apatity, Oulu, Newark, Moscow, Hermanus, Athens) was performed using these spectra. Four modern NM yield functions were verified: Mi13 (Mishev et al., 2013), Ma16 (Mangeard et al., 2016), CM12 (Caballero-Lopez & Moraal, 2012) and CD00 (Clem & Dorman, 2000), on the basis of the cosmic-ray spectra measured by AMS-02. The Mi13 yield function was found to realistically represent the NM response to galactic cosmic rays. CM12 yield function leads to a small skew in the solar cycle dependence of the scaling factor. In contrast, Ma16 and CD00 yield functions tend to overestimate the NM sensitivity to low-rigidity (<10 GV) cosmic rays. This effect may be important for an analysis of ground level enhancements, leading to a potential underestimate of fluxes of solar energetic particles as based on NM data. The Mi13 yield function is recommended for quantitative analyses of NM data, especially for ground-level enhancements. The validity the force-field approximation was studied, and it was found that it fits well the directly measured proton spectra, within a few % for periods of low to moderate activity and up to ~10% for active periods. The results of this work strengthen and validate the method of the cosmic-ray variability analysis based on the NM data and yield-function formalism, and improves its accuracy.
description: J. Geophys. Res. in press
How Interpretable are Reasoning Explanations from Prompting Large Language Models?
Creators: name: Yeo, Wei Jie
name: Satapathy, Ranjan
name: Goh, Rick Siow Mong
name: Cambria, Erik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Prompt Engineering has garnered significant attention for enhancing the performance of large language models across a multitude of tasks. Techniques such as the Chain-of-Thought not only bolster task performance but also delineate a clear trajectory of reasoning steps, offering a tangible form of explanation for the audience. Prior works on interpretability assess the reasoning chains yielded by Chain-of-Thought solely along a singular axis, namely faithfulness. We present a comprehensive and multifaceted evaluation of interpretability, examining not only faithfulness but also robustness and utility across multiple commonsense reasoning benchmarks. Likewise, our investigation is not confined to a single prompting technique; it expansively covers a multitude of prevalent prompting techniques employed in large language models, thereby ensuring a wide-ranging and exhaustive evaluation. In addition, we introduce a simple interpretability alignment technique, termed Self-Entailment-Alignment Chain-of-thought, that yields more than 70\% improvements across multiple dimensions of interpretability. Code is available at https://github.com/SenticNet/CoT_interpretability
description: NAACL Findings 2024
Entosthodon hungaricus Loeske 1929
Creators: name: Ros, Rosa M.
name: Olaf, Susana Rams
name: Eloy, Olaf Werner
name: Cerón, Eloy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Bryophyta
Bryopsida
Funariales
Funariaceae
Entosthodon
Entosthodon hungaricus

description: Entosthodon hungaricus (Boros) Loeske
RECORDS. — Bescherelle (1882), Trabut (1922, 1927), Jelenc (1955a), Ros & Cano (2008): Const. Sahara Mehounech. Very rare.
description: Published as part of Ros, Rosa M., Olaf, Susana Rams, Eloy, Olaf Werner & Cerón, Eloy, 2024, Revisiting the Bryophyte Checklist of Algeria: Exploring Diversity and Distribution, pp. 49-116 in Cryptogamie, Bryologie 20 (5) on page 74, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-bryologie2024v45a5, http://zenodo.org/record/14593891
Adaptive Optimization of Wave Functions for Fermion Lattice Models
Creators: name: Beccaria, Matteo
name: Moro, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a simulation algorithm for Hamiltonian fermion lattice models. A guiding trial wave function is adaptively optimized during Monte Carlo evolution. We apply the method to the two dimensional Gross-Neveu model and analyze systematc errors in the study of ground state properties. We show that accurate measurements can be achieved by a proper extrapolation in the algorithm free parameters.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures (Encapsulated PostScript)
Spathiphora Rondani 1857
Creators: name: O'Hara, James E.
name: Cerretti, Pierfilippo
name: Pape, Thomas
name: Evenhuis, Neal L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Scathophagidae
Spathiphora

description: 516. Spathiphora Rondani, 1857: 13.
 CURRENT STATUS: Unjustified emendation of Spaziphora Rondani, 1856; junior synonym of Spaziphora Rondani, 1856 [teste Neave (1940b: 232)].
FAMILY: SCATHOPHAGIDAE.
REMARKS: Name made available as an emendation by virtue of the original and changed spellings being printed together and the changed spelling being adopted.
description: Published as part of O'Hara, James E., Cerretti, Pierfilippo, Pape, Thomas & Evenhuis, Neal L., 2011, 3141, pp. 1-268 in Zootaxa 3141 on page 167
Do Digital Public Services Matter? A Comparative Study of the Czech Republic and the Republic of Kazakhstan
Creators: name: Ulman, Miloš
name: Ualiyev, N. S.
name: Toregozhina, M. B.
name: Ulman, Miloš
name: Ualiyev, N. S.
name: Toregozhina, M. B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Digital public services
subject: electronic public services
subject: rural development
subject: e-government
subject: European Union
subject: DESI
subject: EGDI
subject: Czech Republic
subject: Kazakhstan.

description: Provision of quality public services has been in great concern of many governments for longer period of time. An interesting fact could be observed that, as to the demand and supply of digital public services, some developed European countries could lag behind some upper-middle-income countries. The paper explores differences in digital public services provision (supply side) and use (demand side) between the Czech Republic and Kazakhstan. A document analysis was done and a comparative study based on secondary data was elaborated. We can confirm that even a country from outside of the EU (Kazakhstan) can provide a better organized supply of digital services than an EU member state (Czech Republic) at least on the national level. According to the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) benchmarking, there are also significant discrepancies among national, regional and local services in the EU. The same phenomenon is also reported from transitional countries like Kazakhstan.