cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Stratigraphic and Ecologic Implications of Late Precambrian Microfossils from Utah
Creators: name: Knoll, Andrew H.
name: Christie-Blick, Nicholas
name: Awramik, Stanley M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1981
Subjects: Paleontology
Paleoclimatology
Geobiology

description: Abundant and well preserved microfossils have been discovered in black shales and siltstones of the glaciogenic upper Precambrian Mineral Fork Formation near Salt Lake City, Utah. The rocks are interpreted to have been deposited close to an ice margin in a shallow, restricted marine embayment during glacial retreat. Several distinct morphotypes are discernible, but following Moorman (1974), we interpret most of these as stages in the life cycle of a single planktonic, endosporulating alga, Bavlinella faveolata (Shepeleva) Vidal. The low taxonomic diversity of this assemblage, coupled with the large population size and almost complete dominance by Bavlinella, suggests an ecologically stressed environment. The source of this stress was probably the melting glacier. On the basis of stratigraphic position and lithological correlation with a radiometrically dated sequence in Washington, the Mineral Fork Formation has been considered to be about 800 m.y. old; however, most well dated occurrences of Bavlinella are in rocks of Vendian (650-570 m.y.) age. The presence of Bavlinella faveolata in Mineral Fork strata raises significant questions concerning both the stratigraphic range of this presumed Vendian index fossil and the timing of Late Precambrian glaciation in the North American Cordillera.
Structural Properties of Central Galaxies in Groups and Clusters
Creators: name: Guo, Yicheng
name: McIntosh, Daniel H.
name: Mo, H. J.
name: Katz, Neal
name: Bosch, Frank C. van den
name: Weinberg, Martin
name: Weinmann, Simone M.
name: Pasqual, Anna
name: Yang, Xiaohu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a representative sample of 911 central galaxies (CENs) from the SDSS DR4 group catalogue, we study how the structure of the most massive members in groups and clusters depend on (1) galaxy stellar mass (Mstar), (2) dark matter halo mass of the host group (Mhalo), and (3) their halo-centric position. We establish and thoroughly test a GALFIT-based pipeline to fit 2D Sersic models to SDSS data. We find that the fitting results are most sensitive to the background sky level determination and strongly recommend using the SDSS global value. We find that uncertainties in the background translate into a strong covariance between the total magnitude, half-light size (r50), and Sersic index (n), especially for bright/massive galaxies. We find that n depends strongly on Mstar for CENs, but only weakly or not at all on Mhalo. Less (more) massive CENs tend to be disk (spheroid)-like over the full Mhalo range. Likewise, there is a clear r50-Mstar relation for CENs, with separate slopes for disks and spheroids. When comparing CENs with satellite galaxies (SATs), we find that low mass (<10e10.75 Msun/h^2) SATs have larger median n than CENs of similar Mstar. Low mass, late-type SATs have moderately smaller r50 than late-type CENs of the same Mstar. However, we find no size differences between spheroid-like CENs and SATs, and no structural differences between CENs and SATs matched in both mass and colour. The similarity of massive SATs and CENs shows that this distinction has no significant impact on the structure of spheroids. We conclude that Mstar is the most fundamental property determining the basic structure of a galaxy. The lack of a clear n-Mhalo relation rules out a distinct group mass for producing spheroids, and the responsible morphological transformation processes must occur at the centres of groups spanning a wide range of masses. (abridged)
description: 22 pages, 14 figures, submitted to MNRAS
A New Fossil Amiid from the Eocene of Senegal and the Persistence of Extinct Marine Amiids after the Cretaceous–Paleogene Boundary
Creators: name: O'Leary, Maureen A.
name: Sarr, Raphaël
name: Malou, Raymond
name: Sow, El Hadji
name: Lepre, Christopher J.
name: Hill, Robert V.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Paleontology

description: We report a new fossil amiid from Eocene rocks of West Africa representing the first record of this clade from Senegal. The new specimen has a maxilla that is very similar in size to that of Amia calva. It is distinctly smaller than reported remains of another West African Eocene taxon, Maliamia gigas. We tentatively refer the Senegal specimen to Vidalamiini because it has the large postmaxillary process diagnostic of this clade; however, it also exhibits anatomical features not previously described in extinct amiids. We recovered the specimen in rocks of the Lam-Lam Formation in Central-Western Senegal that we interpret to have been a shallow marine depositional environment. The occurrence of an Eocene marine amiid contradicts existing hypotheses that marine amiids were generally absent after the Cretaceous– Paleogene boundary having been replaced by freshwater taxa. Research completed since the initial discovery of Maliamia gigas indicates that this Eocene taxon was also found in shallow marine rocks.
Additional file 3 of Larotinib in patients with advanced and previously treated esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with epidermal growth factor receptor overexpression or amplification: an open-label, multicenter phase 1b study
Creators: name: Liu, Rongrui
name: Liu, Lianke
name: Zhao, Chuanhua
name: Bai, Yuxian
name: Zheng, Yulong
name: Zhang, Shu
name: Li, Ning
name: Yang, Jianwei
name: Fan, Qingxia
name: Wang, Xiuwen
name: Zeng, Shan
name: Zhang, Yingjun
name: Zhang, Weihong
name: Zhuang, Yulei
name: Kang, Ning
name: Jiang, Yingzhi
name: Sun, Hongmei
name: Xu, Jianming
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3. Which is entitled with Overall Response Assessed by Independent Radiology Review, is a supplementary table describing confirmed overall response assessed by independent radiology review.
Anelasticity and viscosity of partially molten rock analogue: Toward seismic detection of small quantities of melt
Creators: name: McCarthy, Christine
name: Takei, Yasuko
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Rock mechanics
subject: Magmas
subject: Internal friction
subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Anelasticity and diffusion creep viscosity of partially molten rock analogue were measured experimentally at various melt fractions (0.0025–0.04). The presence of even a small quantity of melt phase causes a significant increase in attenuation and dispersion, and decrease in viscosity (melt effect). Similar changes are additionally caused by the presence of a secondary solid component (chemical effect). The similitude that was observed in the anelasticity of melt-free systems when scaled by the Maxwell frequency for temperature and grain size effects was observed, too, in that of melt-bearing systems when scaled by the Maxwell frequency for melt and chemical effects. The combined melt and chemical effects on anelasticity offer a potential means of identifying small quantities of melt with seismic velocity perturbations.
Atmospheric Circulation Response to an Instantaneous Doubling of Carbon Dioxide. Part II: Atmospheric Transient Adjustment and Its Dynamics
Creators: name: Shaw, Tiffany Ann
name: Seager, Richard
name: Ting, Mingfang
name: Naik, Naomi H.
name: Wu, Yutian
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Atmosphere
Climatic changes

description: The dynamical mechanisms underlying the transient circulation adjustment in the extratropical atmosphere after the instantaneous doubling of carbon dioxide are investigated using the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Atmosphere Model version 3 coupled to a Slab Ocean Model. It is shown that the transient process during the first few months of integration is important in setting up the extratropical circulation response in equilibrium such as the poleward shift of the tropospheric jet streams. Three phases are found during the transient thermal/dynamical adjustment in the Northern Hemisphere: 1) a radiatively driven easterly anomaly in the subpolar stratosphere, 2) an acceleration of the westerly anomaly in the subpolar stratosphere as a result of anomalous planetary-scale eddy momentum flux convergence, and 3) a “downward migration” of the westerly anomaly from the lower stratosphere to the troposphere, followed by the tropospheric jet shift. Several proposed mechanisms for inducing the poleward shift of the tropospheric jet streams are examined. No significant increase in eddy phase speed is found. The rise in tropopause height appears to lead the tropospheric jet shift but no close relation is observed. The length scale of transient eddies does increase but does not lead the tropospheric jet shift. Finally, the tropospheric jet shift can be captured by changes in the index of refraction and the resulting anomalous eddy propagation in the troposphere.
Persistent non-solar forcing of Holocene storm dynamics in coastal sedimentary archives
Creators: name: Sorrel, Philippe
name: Debret, Maxime
name: Billeaud, Isabelle
name: Jaccard, Samuel L.
name: McManus, Jerry F.
name: Tessier, Bernadette
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Paleoclimatology
subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Considerable climatic variability on decadal to millennial timescales has been documented for the past 11,500 years of interglacial climate. This variability has been particularly pronounced at a frequency of about 1,500 years, with repeated cold intervals in the North Atlantic. However, there is growing evidence that these oscillations originate from a cluster of different spectral signatures, ranging from a 2,500-year cycle throughout the period to a 1,000-year cycle during the earliest millennia. Here we present a reappraisal of high-energy estuarine and coastal sedimentary records from the southern coast of the English Channel, and report evidence for five distinct periods during the Holocene when storminess was enhanced during the past 6,500 years.We find that high storm activity occurred periodically with a frequency of about 1,500 years, closely related to cold and windy periods diagnosed earlier. We show that millennial-scale storm extremes in northern Europe are phase-locked with the period of internal ocean variability in the North Atlantic of about 1,500 years. However, no consistent correlation emerges between spectral maxima in records of storminess and solar irradiation. We conclude that solar activity changes are unlikely to be a primary forcing mechanism of millennial-scale variability in storminess.
Measurement of Particle Production and Inclusive Differential Cross Sections in pbar{p} Collisions at sqrt{s}=1.96 TeV
Creators: name: CDF Collaboration
name: Aaltonen, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a set of measurements of particle production in inelastic pbar{p} collisions collected with a minimum-bias trigger at the Tevatron Collider with the CDF II experiment. The inclusive charged particle transverse momentum differential cross section is measured, with improved precision, over a range about ten times wider than in previous measurements. The former modeling of the spectrum appears to be incompatible with the high particle momenta observed. The dependence of the charged particle transverse momentum on the event particle multiplicity is analyzed to study the various components of hadron interactions. This is one of the observable variables most poorly reproduced by the available Monte Carlo generators. A first measurement of the event transverse energy sum differential cross section is also reported. A comparison with a Pythia prediction at the hadron level is performed. The inclusive charged particle differential production cross section is fairly well reproduced only in the transverse momentum range available from previous measurements. At higher momentum the agreement is poor. The transverse energy sum is poorly reproduced over the whole spectrum. The dependence of the charged particle transverse momentum on the particle multiplicity needs the introduction of more sophisticated particle production mechanisms, such as multiple parton interactions, in order to be better explained.
description: 21 pages, 10 figures
Improvements to 232-thorium, 230-thorium, and 231- protactinium analysis in seawater arising from GEOTRACES intercalibration
Creators: name: Auro, Maureen E.
name: Robinson, Laura F.
name: Burke, Andrea
name: Bradtmiller, Louisa I.
name: Fleisher, Martin Q.
name: Anderson, Robert F.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Chemical oceanography

description: The GEOTRACES program requires the analysis of large numbers of seawater samples for 232Th, 230Th, and 231Pa. During the GEOTRACES international intercalibration exercise, we encountered unexpected difficulties with recovery and contamination of these isotopes, 232Th in particular. Experiments were carried out to identify the source of these issues, leading to a more streamlined and efficient procedure. The two particular problems that we identified and corrected were (1) frits in columns supplied by Bio-Rad Laboratories caused loss of Th during column chemistry and (2) new batches of AG1-X8 resin supplied by Bio-Rad Laboratories released more than 100 pg of 232Th during elution of sample. To improve yields and blanks, we implemented a series of changes including switching to Eichrom anion exchange resin (100-200 μm mesh) and Environmental Express columns. All Th and Pa samples were analyzed on a Neptune multi-collector inductively-coupled-plasma mass spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS) using peak hopping of 230Th and 229Th on the central SEM, with either 232Th, 236U (or both) used to monitor for beam intensity. We used in-house laboratory standards to check for machine reproducibility, and the GEOTRACES intercalibration standard to check for accuracy. Over a 1-y period, the 2 s.d. reproducibility on the GEOTRACES SW STD 2010-1 was 2.5% for 230Th, 1.8% for 232Th, and 4% for 231Pa. The lessons learned during this intercalibration process will be of value to those analyzing U-Th-Pa and rare earth elements as part of the GEOTRACES program as well as those using U-series elements in other applications that require high yields and low blanks, such as geochronology.
Why Context, Holism, and Scale Matter in Super Typhoon Yolanda Research
Creators: name: See, Justin
name: Cuaton, Ginbert
name: Wilmsen, Brooke
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 440602
subject: Development geography
classificationCode: 440604
subject: Environmental geography
classificationCode: 440606
subject: Political geography

description: As human geographers whose research explores the intersecting dimensions of power, injustice, and inequalities in climate adaptation interventions, our experience in Yolanda research highlights the importance of three things: context, holism, and scale.
The Underlying Dynamics of Credit Correlations
Creators: name: Berd, Arthur M.
name: Engle, Robert F.
name: Voronov, Artem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Pricing of Securities (q-fin.PR)
subject: Risk Management (q-fin.RM)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We propose a hybrid model of portfolio credit risk where the dynamics of the underlying latent variables is governed by a one factor GARCH process. The distinctive feature of such processes is that the long-term aggregate return distributions can substantially deviate from the asymptotic Gaussian limit for very long horizons. We introduce the notion of correlation surface as a convenient tool for comparing portfolio credit loss generating models and pricing synthetic CDO tranches. Analyzing alternative specifications of the underlying dynamics, we conclude that the asymmetric models with TARCH volatility specification are the preferred choice for generating significant and persistent credit correlation skews. The characteristic dependence of the correlation skew on term to maturity and portfolio hazard rate in these models has a significant impact on both relative value analysis and risk management of CDO tranches.
description: 37 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables
title: Influence of Stress Treatments on the Resistance of Lactococcus lactis to Freezing and Freeze-Drying
Creators: name: Lin, Chan
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1998

description: This study investigated the effect of cold, heat, or osmotic shock treatment on the resistance of L. lactis subsp. cremoris MM160 and MM310 and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis MM210 and FG2 cheese starter bacteria to freezing and freeze-drying. The ability to withstand freezing at -60°C for 24 h was variable among lactococci, but resistance to this treatment was significantly improved (P < 0.05) in most strains by a 2-h cold shock at l0°C or a 25-min heat shock at 39°C (L. lactis subsp. cremoris) or 42°C (L. lactis subsp. lactis). Stress treatments that improved lactococcal freeze resistance were also found to significantly (P < 0.05) enhance the resistance of most strains to lyophilization. Increased resistance to freezing or lyophilization was not detected when stress treatments were performed in broth that contained erythromycin, which indicated stress-inducible proteins were involved in cell protection. Membrane fatty acid analysis of stress-treated cells suggested that enhanced resistance to freezing and lyophilization may be related to heat or cold shock-induced changes in cell membrane composition. Heat-shocked cells had a higher 19:0 cyclopropane fatty acid content than did control cells, and cold-shocked cells contained a lower ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids. Other factors must also be involved in cell protection, however, because similar changes in membrane composition were also detected in strains whose resistance to freezing and lyophilization was not improved by heat or cold shock.
Night on Earth: Mapping decadal changes of anthropogenic night light in Asia
Creators: name: Small, Christopher
name: Elvidge, Christopher D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Remote sensing

description: The defense meteorological satellite program (DMSP) operational linescan system (OLS) sensors have imaged emitted light from Earth's surface since the 1970s. Temporal overlap in the missions of 5 OLS sensors allows for intercalibration of the annual composites over the past 19 years (Elvidge et al., 2009). The resulting image time series captures a spatiotemporal signature of the growth and evolution of lighted human settlements and development. We use empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis and the temporal feature space to characterize and quantify patterns of temporal change in stable night light brightness and spatial extent since 1992. Temporal EOF analysis provides a statistical basis for representing spatially abundant temporal patterns in the image time series as uncorrelated vectors of brightness as a function of time from 1992 to 2009. The variance partition of the eigenvalue spectrum combined with temporal structure of the EOFs and spatial structure of the PCs provides a basis for distinguishing between deterministic multi-year trends and stochastic year-to-year variance. The low order EOFs and principal components (PC) space together discriminate both earlier (1990s) and later (2000s) increases and decreases in brightness. Inverse transformation of these low order dimensions reduces stochastic variance sufficiently so that tri-temporal composites depict potentially deterministic decadal trends. The most pronounced changes occur in Asia. At critical brightness threshold we find an 18% increase in the number of spatially distinct lights and an 80% increase in lighted area in southern and eastern Asia between 1992 and 2009. During this time both China and India experienced a ∼20% increase in number of lights and a ∼270% increase in lighted area – although the timing of the increase is later in China than in India. Throughout Asia a variety of different patterns of brightness increase are apparent in tri-temporal brightness composites – as well as some conspicuous areas of apparently decreasing background luminance and, in many places, intermittent light suggesting development of infrastructure rather than persistently lighted development. Vicarious validation using higher resolution Landsat imagery verifies multiple phases of urban growth in several cities as well as the consistent presence of low DN (
Addressing societal discourses: negotiating an employable identity as a former refugee
Creators: name: Greenbank, Emily
name: Marra, Meredith
Publisher: name: Open Access Victoria University of Wellington | Te Herenga Waka
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Linguistics
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: This paper explores a critical area of refugee resettlement, namely securing stable, desirable employment in host nations. When telling their ‘narratives of flight’, our analytic focus, refugees demonstrate discursive agency and identities that conflict with a societal stereotype of vulnerability and helplessness that employers might expect. Insights suggest opportunities for new ways of supporting former refugees to find appropriate employment in a context in which their agency may be constrained and their strengths overlooked. This includes challenges to wider societal discourses and a two-way strategy where onus is placed on ‘hosts’ as much as on newcomers.
An investigation into process and gesture drawing through ideas of presence in the landscape
Creators: name: Edgar, DPF
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: The aim of this research project is to create an expressive body of drawings derived from exploring personal experiences with place and landscape. The objective is to visually capture experiential and emotive dimensions of place as an alternate way of depicting landscape and understanding place. The impetus for the project and its subject matter derives through personal experience of Tasman Island that lies approximately 1 kilometre off the southeastern coast of Tasmania. I am drawn to the island by its wild and imposing natural elements and its wildly varying weather conditions. Throughout the project four trips were made to the island and these, together with both historical and pictorial accounts of the island, form the basis of imagery. Mark making and gesture are central to methods. Approaches to mark-making were explored through a variety of figurative forms from representational through to purely abstract. The objective was to establish drawing forms that best expressed a sense of an embodied relationship to landscape and place. Key within these methods was the use of the scribble and rhythmic gestural drawing. Explorations within mark-making were expanded through investigation into figure and ground relations and through adoption of processes of chance. As the project developed the performative dimensions elemental to large-scale gestural drawing became increasingly important. The project is primarily located with reference to the work of Gosia Wlodarczak, Claude Heath, Akio Makigawa and Vija Celmins as well as three 19th century drawings of Tasman Island. Works are discussed in relation to core conceptual and methodological focus of my project, specifically how each artist has employed mark-making and gesture to express a deeply personal experience of landscape and to place. The outcomes of the project are evidenced through works comprising the submission exhibition, through backup works and supporting exegesis. These outputs contribute to the field of art practice concerned with issues of environment and place but also to broader philosophical debates about the relationship of humans, subjectivity and the natural environment. Through their forging a deeper connection to place and the natural environment the drawings provide an alternate to more conventional visualisations that give primacy to objectified representations of place.
Deletion of YTHDF1, but not YTHDF3, reduced brain and gut damage after traumatic brain injury
Creators: name: Huang, Peizan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 310106
subject: Enzymes
classificationCode: 310601
subject: Biocatalysis and enzyme technology
classificationCode: 320409
subject: Tumour immunology

description: To investigate the different roles of YTHDF1 and YTHDF3 in TBI-induced BGA dysfunction, we generated YTHDF1-knockout (YTHDF1-/-) and YTHDF3-knockout (YTHDF3-/-) mice using CRISPR/Cas9 technology and then established a mouse brain injury model through severe controlled cortical impact (CCI). We further observed the different impairments between YTHDF1-/- and YTHDF3-/- mice by analysing the levels of oedema-related proteins in cortical tissue and inflammatory proteins in brain and gut tissues in mice at 3 days after CCI. In this study, we showed that compared with WT mice, YTHDF1-/- mice had decreased levels of oedema in cortical tissue and inflammation in brain and gut tissues at 3 days post-CCI, but YTHDF3-/- mice did not. Our results suggest that deletion of YTHDF1, but not YTHDF3, could reduce damage to the brain and gut following TBI. We also explored the possible mechanisms by which YTHDF1 and YTHDF3 regulate TBI-induced BGA dysfunction.
Interactive influences of ozone and climate on streamflow of forested watersheds
Creators: name: Sun, Ge
name: McLaughlin, Samuel B.
name: Porter, John H.
name: Uddling, Johan
name: Mulholland, Patrick J.
name: Adams, Mary B.
name: Pederson, Neil
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Forests and forestry
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Climatic changes

description: The capacity of forests to mitigate global climate change can be negatively influenced by tropospheric ozone that impairs both photosynthesis and stomatal control of plant transpiration, thus affecting ecosystem productivity and watershed hydrology. We have evaluated individual and interactive effects of ozone and climate on late season streamflow for six forested watersheds (38–970 000 ha) located in the Southeastern United States. Models were based on 18–26 year data records for each watershed and involved multivariate analysis of interannual variability of late season streamflow in response to physical and chemical climate during the growing season. In all cases, some combination of ozone variables significantly improved model performance over climate-only models. Effects of ozone and ozone × climate interactions were also consistently negative and were proportional to variations in actual ozone exposures, both spatially across the region and over time. Conservative estimates of the influence of ozone on the variability (R2) of observed flow ranged from 7% in the area of lowest ozone exposure in West Virginia to 23% in the areas of highest exposure in Tennessee. Our results are supported by a controlled field study using free-air concentration enrichment methodology which indicated progressive ozone-induced loss of stomatal control over tree transpiration during the summer in mixed aspen-birch stands. Despite the frequent assumption that ozone reduces tree water loss, our findings support increasing evidence that ozone at near ambient concentrations can reduce stomatal control of leaf transpiration, and increase water use. Increases in evapotranspiration and associated streamflow reductions in response to ambient ozone exposures are expected to episodically increase the frequency and severity of drought and affect flow-dependent aquatic biota in forested watersheds. Regional and global models of hydrologic cycles and related ecosystem functions should consider potential interactions of ozone with climate under both current and future warmer and ozone-enriched climatic conditions.
The planktic foraminiferal B/Ca proxy for seawater carbonate chemistry: A critical evaluation
Creators: name: Allen, Katherine Ann
name: Hoenisch, Baerbel
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Chemical oceanography

description: The ratio of boron to calcium (B/Ca) in the carbonate tests of planktic foraminifers has been proposed as a proxy for surface ocean pH or carbonate ion concentration ([CO32−]), with a possible secondary influence of temperature. In both cultured and wild specimens, B/Ca generally increases with [B(OH)4−/HCO3−], consistent with the proxy's theoretical basis. However, close examination of the available data reveals that calibrations using the empirical boron partition coefficient, KD=[B/Ca]calcite/[B(OH)4−/HCO3−]seawater, can be driven by independent relationships between [B(OH)4−/HCO3−] and other environmental parameters, not by B/Ca itself. If the influence of B/Ca on a calibration is negligible, it follows that combining that calibration with down-core B/Ca can not yield new information about past ocean conditions. In this study, we evaluate existing calibrations and down-core records with the aim of establishing a framework that allows consistent calibration methods to yield accurate proxy reconstructions from the fossil record. While many issues still need to be addressed, B/Ca does respond to seawater chemistry, and does change across some major climate transitions. Because it may provide insight into major carbon cycle perturbations, we make specific recommendations on how to tackle current uncertainties and develop B/Ca into a more robust proxy.
Black Holes in Higher Dimensional Gravity Theory with Quadratic in Curvature Corrections
Creators: name: Frolov, Valeri P.
name: Shapiro, Ilya L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Static spherically symmetric black holes are discussed in the framework of higher dimensional gravity with quadratic in curvature terms. Such terms naturally arise as a result of quantum corrections induced by quantum fields propagating in the gravitational background. We focus our attention on the correction of the form ${\cal C}^2=C_{αβγδ} C^{αβγδ}$. The Gauss-Bonnet equation in four-dimensional (4D) spacetime enables one to reduce this term in the action to the terms quadratic in the Ricci tensor and scalar curvature. As a result the Schwarzschild solution which is Ricci flat will be also a solution of the theory with the Weyl scalar ${\cal C}^2$ correction. An important new feature of the spaces with dimension $D > 4$ is that in the presence of the Weyl curvature-squared term a solution necessary differs from the corresponding `classical' vacuum Tangherlini metric. This difference is related to the presence of {\em secondary} or {\em induced} hair. We explore how the Tangherlini solution is modified by `quantum corrections', assuming that the gravitational radius $r_0$ is much larger than the scale of the quantum corrections. We also demonstrated that finding a general solution beyond the perturbation method can be reduced to solving a single third order ODE (master equation).
description: 12 pages, 4 figures. A few references added, some details added to better illustrate the result. Version accepted in Physical Review D
Modulation of Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic climate by variable drawdown of atmospheric pCO2 from weathering of basaltic provinces on continents drifting through the equatorial humid belt
Creators: name: Kent, Dennis V.
name: Muttoni, G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Paleoclimatology
Atmospheric chemistry

description: The small reservoir of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere (pCO2) that modulates climate through the greenhouse effect reflects a delicate balance between large fluxes of sources and sinks. The major long-term source of CO2 is global outgassing from sea-floor spreading, subduction, hotspot activity, and metamorphism; the ultimate sink is through weathering of continental silicates and deposition of carbonates. Most carbon cycle models are driven by changes in the source flux scaled to variable rates of ocean floor production, but ocean floor production may not be distinguishable from being steady since 180 Ma. We evaluate potential changes in sources and sinks of CO2 for the past 120 Ma in a paleogeographic context. Our new calculations show that decarbonation of pelagic sediments by Tethyan subduction contributed only modestly to generally high pCO2 levels from the Late Cretaceous until the early Eocene, and thus shutdown of this CO2 source with the collision of India and Asia at the early Eocene climate optimum at around 50 Ma was inadequate to account for the large and prolonged decrease in pCO2 that eventually allowed the growth of significant Antarctic ice sheets by around 34 Ma. Instead, variation in area of continental basalt terranes in the equatorial humid belt (5° S–5° N) seems to be a dominant factor controlling how much CO2 is retained in the atmosphere via the silicate weathering feedback. The arrival of the highly weatherable Deccan Traps in the equatorial humid belt at around 50 Ma was decisive in initiating the long-term slide to lower atmospheric pCO2, which was pushed further down by the emplacement of the 30 Ma Ethiopian Traps near the equator and the southerly tectonic extrusion of SE Asia, an arc terrane that presently is estimated to account for 1/4 of CO2 consumption from all basaltic provinces that account for ~1/3 of the total CO2 consumption by continental silicate weathering (Dessert et al., 2003). A negative climate-feedback mechanism that (usually) inhibits the complete collapse of atmospheric pCO2 is the accelerating formation of thick cation-deficient soils that retard chemical weathering of the underlying bedrock. Nevertheless, equatorial climate seems to be relatively insensitive to pCO2 greenhouse forcing and thus with availability of some rejuvenating relief as in arc terranes or thick basaltic provinces, silicate weathering in this venue is not subject to a strong negative feedback, providing an avenue for ice ages. The safety valve that prevents excessive atmospheric pCO2 levels is the triggering of silicate weathering of continental areas and basaltic provinces in the temperate humid belt. Excess organic carbon burial seems to have played a negligible role in atmospheric pCO2 over the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic.
title: Growth of Clostridium Sporogenes PA3679 in a Vacuum-Packaged Meat-Vegetable Product
Creators: name: Racz, Julie M.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1999

description: Clostridium sporogenes PA 3679 spores were inoculated into a meat-vegetable mixture before extrusion, cooking, and vacuum packaging into "stewsticks" to simulate Clostridium botulinum growth. The experiment was a 3 x 5 x 2 x 3 factorial which determined the influence of pH, water activity, initial spore load, and storage period on spore survival. Spore levels decreased throughout storage for all treatments. Spore levels decreased linearly (P = 0.02) as water activity increased, in samples that were heated to kill vegetative cells and activate spores. Other significant interactions of heat-treated samples were observed with inoculum level (P < 0.01) and storage time (P < 0.01). Spore levels in stored products were also significantly affected by water activity* inoculum level (P = 0.03), pH * time, water activity* time (P = 0.01), inoculum level * time (P < 0.01), and water activity * inoculum levels * time (P < 0.01). The interaction between pH * water activity * time tended towards significance (P = 0.06). Most probable number estimates in nonheated samples accounted for naturally occurring viable cells and spores, and added spores and were significantly affected by the main effects of inoculum level (P < 0.01) and time (P < 0.01). The two-way interactions of water activity * inoculum level (P = 0.04), pH * inoculum level (P < 0.01),water activity * time (P < 0.01), and three-way interaction of pH * inoculum level * time (P = 0.03) were significant. Spore levels approached 102, or less (compared to an inoculum level of 106 spores per gram) due to the effects of many treatments.
Some stewstick packages were observed to become "gassy" or "loose" during storage. Subsequently the stewstick packages were used to isolate microorganisms that were able to grow at water activities of 0.96-0.86, in glycerol-adjusted Rogosa agar, and were acid tolerant to pH 4.4-4.2. One produced gas in pure culture, and some produced indole. These bacteria were not destroyed by heating to 74°C for at least 30 minutes, and lowered the pH in the stewstick during storage. In conclusion, in all stewstick samples, regardless of pH or Aw, inoculated clostridial spore levels decreased during storage, apparently because spores germinated and vegetative cells subsequently died. Thus, if stewsticks are cooked to 74°C throughout, have a Aw ≤ 0.86 and pH ≤ 4.8, they appear to be safe.
title: Influence of Carbohydrate Starvation on the Culturability and Amino Acid Utilization of Lactococcus lactis
Creators: name: Stuart, Mark R.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1999

description: Lactococci are widely used in the cheese industry as a starter culture. Starter cultures face carbohydrate starvation due to the absence of a fermentable carbohydrate in the cheese curd after pressing. Starvation leads to a decreased ability to synthesize ATP, generate a proton motive force, and accumulate nutrients necessary to maintain viability. The aim of this work was to investigate the culturability of lactococci grown with and without lactose in a chemically defined medium, and to define the metabolic changes that occur during carbohydrate starvation.
Lactose metabolism provided energy for logarithmic phase growth and greater cell density in L. lactis ssp. lactis ML3 and L. lactis ssp. cremoris S2. However, the rate of lactose metabolism was strain dependent in that L. lactis ssp. lactis 11454 did not metabolize lactose as rapidly as did ML3 and S2. In the absence of lactose the cells became nonculturable on agar.
In addition to becoming nonculturable, the aminopeptidase and lipase/ esterase activity became nonmeasurable after 21 d, and cellular metabolism was altered because of carbohydrate starvation. Nevertheless, the cells remained viable for up to 42 d in spent media as measured by fluorescent viability stains and intracellular ATP content. Fluorescent viability staining demonstrated that the cells maintained an intact cell membrane to contain their DNA, as well as to contain enzymes and ATP necessary to maintain viability and metabolic activity.
With the addition of arginine to the basal medium, the survival time, cell number, and ATP concentration increased. Amino acids, including arginine, provided energy after carbohydrate exhaustion. At the onset of lactose exhaustion, the extracellular concentrations of arginine, glycine/valine, glutamate, and glutamine decreased in the media when energy was present for their transport. There was a significant increase in serine and methionine concentrations in the spent media over the same time period.
These data indicated lactococci remained viable and metabolically active, but were nonculturable in response to carbohydrate starvation. Additionally, amino acids are in a dynamic state during carbohydrate starvation, and utilization of amino acids, such as arginine and serine, could facilitate lactococcal cells in maintaining viability in harsh environments such as ripening cheese.
Global Preparedness for Public Health
Creators: name: Morse, Stephen S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Public health
Emergency management--International cooperation
Emergency management--Planning

description: There are many reasons to be interested in public health in China. China is the single most populous nation on earth and was the point of origin for SARS and probably for most pandemic influenza viruses, past and future. In this issue of the Journal, we get a valuable window into the organization of public health emergency preparedness in China in the form of the paper, "Preparing and responding to public health emergencies in China: Results of a focus group study". This paper summarizes the results of focus groups conducted with 47 local- and provincial-level public health officials, and includes some of the most complete information on Chinese public health emergency preparedness at the working level. That makes it an invaluable contribution to the growing literature on public health emergency preparedness.
Diamond Prototypes for the ATLAS SLHC Pixel Detector
Creators: name: Cristinziani, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Vertex detectors at future hadron colliders will need to cope with large particle fluences. Diamond is a particularly radiation hard material and exhibits further properties that makes it an attractive material for such detectors. Within the RD42 collaboration several chemical vapor deposition diamond samples are being studied in the form of strip and pixel detectors. While the quality of the poly-crystalline diamond samples is constantly increasing and the feasibility of producing wafers has been demonstrated, recently a single-crystal diamond pixel detector has been assembled and characterized in a 100 GeV particle beam at CERN. Results on performance, detection efficiency, spatial resolution and charge collection are reported here together with the latest radiation damage studies.
description: 3 pages, 8 figures, 1st International conference on Technology and Instrumentation in Particle Physics (TIPP09)
title: Influence of Commercial Starter Media on Biochemical Characteristics of Lactococcus lactus
Creators: name: DeVries, Norman Bart
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1999

description: Five strains of Lactococcus lactis were inoculated individually into six commercial bulk set growth media, 11% non-fat dry milk (NDM), and Elliker's broth. After growth in each medium the strains were tested for rate of acid production, and activities of proteinase, aminopeptidase, and lipase/esterase. Growth in commercial starter media significantly influenced acid production rate (P = 0.040), aminopeptidase activity (P < 0.0001), and lipase/esterase activity (P < 0.0001) .
For selected strain/media combinations, the duration of induced aminopeptidase and lipase/esterase activity was followed. The chosen strains were grown in selected commercial bulk set media, reinoculated into 11% NDM, and enzyme activity was examined for five successive generations. During growth in 11% NDM, aminopeptidase and lipase/esterase activity began high and appeared to decrease after approximately two generations, as compared to the control.
This study demonstrated that it is possible to select specific starter and media combinations to produce a bacterial phenotype that might not change before the cheese is pressed, thereby trapping bacteria with an altered phenotype within the cheese matrix.
Simplified metrics for the identification of the Madden–Julian oscillation in models
Creators: name: Sperber, Kenneth R.
name: Kim, Daehyun
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Atmosphere

description: We propose simplified metrics to evaluate the fidelity with which the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is simulated in climate models. These metrics are based on lag correlation analysis of principal component time series (PCs). The PCs are obtained by projecting simulated 20–100 day bandpass filtered daily outgoing longwave radiation onto the two leading empirical orthogonal functions of observed MJO variability. The simplified MJO metrics, the maximum positive correlation and time lag at which it occurs, provide consistent information relative to more complex diagnostics developed by the Madden–Julian Oscillation Working Group (CLIVAR MJOWG) and by Kim et al.
Additional file 1 of Emergency versus delayed hepatectomy following transarterial embolization in spontaneously ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Zhang, Wei
name: Huang, Zhangkan
name: Che, Xu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Supplemental file 1. The search formula for each database.
title: In vitro Growth of Muscle Satellite Cells Isolated from Normal and Callipyge Lambs
Creators: name: Rodriguez, Beatriz T.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1999

description: The muscle hypertrophy of lambs expressing the Callipyge phenotype is possibly linked to characteristics of their muscle satellite cells. Therefore, characteristics (proliferation, fusion %, and protein accretion) of cultured satellite cells isolated from the longissimus muscle of Callipyge (n = 3) and normal (n = 3) lambs were compared in this study. In the first experiment, we tested whether or not the lll proliferation rates differ for satellite cells isolated from Callipyge or normal sheep when cultured in the presence of different serum types (horse, normal lamb, or Callipyge lamb). The average population doubling time (PDT, h) during log phase growth was calculated for cells from each animal grown in each serum type. Population doubling time was not affected (P > .1) by the interaction of satellite cell type with serum type, or by satellite cell type. Unexpectedly, PDT was longer (P < .05) for satellite cells grown in Callipyge serum (22 h) than for cells grown in normal sheep serum (20 h) or horse serum (18 h). These results suggest that muscle hypertrophy of Callipyge lambs is not linked to intrinsic differences in satellite cell proliferation, although hypertrophy may be associated with a decreased proliferation induced by a factor in Callipyge serum.
In the second experiment, we tested whether cell fusion, or protein accretion differ for cultured satellite cells isolated from Callipyge or normal sheep. DNA and protein were determined at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after satellite cell cultures were induced to differentiate. Fusion percentage was determined in a Giemsa stained plate after 72 h in differentiation medium (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium containing 1.5% of horse serum). Callipyge cultures tended (P = .14) to have higher fusion% than normal cultures exhibited, suggesting that muscle hypertrophy of Callipyge lambs may be linked to an increased tendency of satellite cells to fuse. Protein content (μg/well) and protein:DNA ratio (ng of protein/ng of DNA) were not affected by satellite cell type (P = .80 and P = .79, respectively). Thus, there was no evidence for a link between increased protein accretion and Callipyge hypertrophy.
Constructing subsets of a given packing index in Abelian groups
Creators: name: Lyaskovska, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20K99, 05D05

description: By definition, the sharp packing index $\ind_P^\sharp(A)$ of a subset $A$ of an abelian group $G$ is the smallest cardinal $κ$ such that for any subset $B\subset G$ of size $|B|\geκ$ the family $\{b+A:b\in B\}$ is not disjoint. We prove that an infinite Abelian group $G$ contains a subset $A$ with given index $\ind_P^\sharp(A)=κ$ if and only if one of the following conditions holds: (1) $2\le κ\le|G|^+$ and $k\notin \{3,4\}$; (2) $κ=3$ and $G$ is not isomorphic to $\oplus_{i\in I} \mathbb{Z}_3$; (3) $κ=4$ and $G$ is not isomorphic to $\oplus_{i\in I} \mathbb{Z}_2$ or to $\mathbb{Z}_4\oplus(\oplus_{i\in I} \mathbb{Z}_2)$.
description: 9 pages