cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Microscope Embedded Neurosurgical Training and Intraoperative System
Creators: name: De Mauro, Alessandro
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2009
Subjects: training system
augmented reality
virtual reality
neurosurgery

description: In the recent years, neurosurgery has been strongly influenced by new technologies. Computer Aided Surgery (CAS) offers several benefits for patients' safety but fine techniques targeted to obtain minimally invasive and traumatic treatments are required, since intra-operative false movements can be devastating, resulting in patients deaths. The precision of the surgical gesture is related both to accuracy of the available technological instruments and surgeon's experience. In this frame, medical training is particularly important. From a technological point of view, the use of Virtual Reality (VR) for surgeon training and Augmented Reality (AR) for intra-operative treatments offer the best results. 
In addition, traditional techniques for training in surgery include the use of animals, phantoms and cadavers. The main limitation of these approaches is that live tissue has different properties from dead tissue and that animal anatomy is significantly different from the human. From the medical point of view, Low-Grade Gliomas (LGGs) are intrinsic brain tumours that typically occur in younger adults. The objective of related treatment is to remove as much of the tumour as possible while minimizing damage to the healthy brain. Pathological tissue may closely resemble normal brain parenchyma when looked at through the neurosurgical microscope. The tactile appreciation of the different consistency of the tumour compared to normal brain requires considerable experience on the part of the neurosurgeon and it is a vital point. 
The first part of this PhD thesis presents a system for realistic simulation (visual and haptic) of the spatula palpation of the LGG. This is the first prototype of a training system using VR, haptics and a real microscope for neurosurgery.
This architecture can be also adapted for intra-operative purposes. In this instance, a surgeon needs the basic setup for the Image Guided Therapy (IGT) interventions: microscope, monitors and navigated surgical instruments. The same virtual environment can be AR rendered onto the microscope optics. The objective is to enhance the surgeon's ability for a better intra-operative orientation by giving him a three-dimensional view and other information necessary for a safe navigation inside the patient. 
The last considerations have served as motivation for the second part of this work which has been devoted to improving a prototype of an AR stereoscopic microscope for neurosurgical interventions, developed in our institute in a previous work. A completely new software has been developed in order to reuse the microscope hardware, enhancing both rendering performances and usability. 
Since both AR and VR share the same platform, the system can be referred to as Mixed Reality System for neurosurgery. 
All the components are open source or at least based on a GPL license.
Study on Phthalate Esters Pollution in the Soil of Facility Vegetable Base in Yangling District of Xianyang City
Creators: name: LI Guoxiu
name: CUI Lihui
name: LIU Wei
name: LIU Xiaoning
name: LI Guoxiu
name: CUI Lihui
name: LIU Wei
name: LIU Xiaoning
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Phthalate esters (PAEs), Vegetable base, Soil, Pollution status

description: [Objectives] To evaluate the pollution status of phthalate esters (PAEs) in the soil of facility vegetable base in Yangling District of Xianyang City. [Methods] A total of 15 kinds of PAEs in soil samples were detected and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. [Results] A total of 12 kinds of PAEs were detected in analyzed soil samples, with a total content of 53.4-3 524.1 μg/kg and an average of 602.7 μg/kg. Specifically, DEHP, DBP, DIBP, DMEP, BBP and DNOP were the main PAEs pollutants in the soil, with the detection rates of 100%, 100%, 100%, 73.3%, 63.3% and 53.3%, and the average content were 286.3, 167.3, 123.1, 157.6, 121.3, and 130.5 μg/kg, respectively. [Conclusions] Compared with the soil in other regions, the pollution level of PAEs in the soil of facility vegetable base in Yangling District is lower, but such compounds are widespread in the facility vegetable base, and their potential environmental risks should attract close attention.
How Can Endangered Language Collections Be Made More Discoverable?
Creators: name: Sarah Babinski
name: Claire Bowern
name: Kassandra Haakman
name: Amelia Lake
name: Irene Yi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: linguistics
language documentation
endangered languages
language collections

description: How Can Endangered Language Collections Be Made More Discoverable?

Sarah Babinski, Kassandra Haakman, Amelia Lake, Irene Yi & Claire Bowern

Presented 6 October 2022 at the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities at the Conference Where Do We Need to Go From Here? - Language Documentation and Archiving,  in the UNESCO International Decade of Indigenous Languages
Fixings of sandwich panels in building applications
Creators: name: Hassinen, Paavo
name: Misiek, Thomas
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2009

description: The paper introduces briefly the European Recommendations for Testing and Design of Fastenings of Sandwich Panels, written by the Joint Committee of ECCS TC7.9 and CIB W056. The Recommendations can be seen as an annex to the standard EN 14509 (2006), which concern the factory made sandwich panel products. The paper gives background information about the mechanical behavior and explains the effects of important parameters of a fastening loaded by tensile forces. A design formula is presented, which shows the influence of the essential mechanical parameters in the load-bearing capacity.
Additional file 2 of Cerebrospinal fluid tau levels are associated with abnormal neuronal plasticity markers in Alzheimer’s disease
Creators: name: Visser, Pieter Jelle
name: Reus, Lianne M.
name: Gobom, Johan
name: Jansen, Iris
name: Dicks, Ellen
name: van der Lee, Sven J.
name: Tsolaki, Magda
name: Verhey, Frans R. J.
name: Popp, Julius
name: Martinez-Lage, Pablo
name: Vandenberghe, Rik
name: Lleó, Alberto
name: Molinuevo, José Luís
name: Engelborghs, Sebastiaan
name: Freund-Levi, Yvonne
name: Froelich, Lutz
name: Sleegers, Kristel
name: Dobricic, Valerija
name: Lovestone, Simon
name: Streffer, Johannes
name: Vos, Stephanie J. B.
name: Bos, Isabelle
name: Smit, August B.
name: Blennow, Kaj
name: Scheltens, Philip
name: Teunissen, Charlotte E.
name: Bertram, Lars
name: Zetterberg, Henrik
name: Tijms, Betty M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: Figure S1. Longitudinal change in CSF total tau. Figure S2. Enrichment of synaptic processes in individuals with AD according to t-tau status. Figure S3. Enriched GO biological processes and SUZ12 and REST transcription factors associated with proteins that differed between AD individuals with increased t-tau and normal t-tau and proteins that changed with disease severity.
Mechanische Eigenschaften urgeformter Mikroproben aus CuAl10Ni5Fe4, ZrO2 und Si3N4
Creators: name: Rögner, Joachim
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2010
Subjects: Werkstoffwissenschaft
Mikrotechnik
Aluminiumbronze
Zirconiumdioxid
Siliziumnitrid

description: Es wurden Untersuchungen zum mechanischen Verhalten von urgeformten Mikroproben aus keramischen und metallischen Werkstoffen unter ein- und mehrachsigen quasistatischen und zyklischen Beanspruchungen durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchungen werden in dieser Arbeit vorgestellt und die mikrospezifischen Effekte im Hinblick auf die jeweiligen Herstellungsprozesse und die damit verbundenen Einflüsse auf die Mikrostruktur und die mechanischen Eigenschaften diskutiert.
Migration of Heavy Metal Elements in Reclaimed Irrigation Water-Soil-Plant System and Potential Risk to Human Health
Creators: name: LIU Zixi
name: TIAN Juncang
name: LI Wangcheng
name: TANG Lian
name: WANG Jie
name: GAO Haiyan
name: LIU Zixi
name: TIAN Juncang
name: LI Wangcheng
name: TANG Lian
name: WANG Jie
name: GAO Haiyan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Reclaimed water irrigation, Water-soil-plant system, Migration of heavy metal elements, Health risk assessment

description: [Objectives] To study the impact of heavy metal pollution of soil and plants during the process of reclaimed water for irrigation of green land in arid areas and the potential health risks to humans during use. [Methods] Taking Zhongwei City in Ningxia, a typical arid area, as the research area, the irrigation water, soil and green grass in the reclaimed water irrigation region and the original green water irrigation region were sampled, the heavy elements Hg, As, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr were detected, and the Nemerow method, biological absorption coefficient, and health risk assessment were employed to evaluate the degree of soil pollution, plant absorption capacity, and human health risks. [Results] Compared with the original green water, the Hg, Cd, and Cr pollution of the reclaimed water irrigated green land was higher, the As, Zn, Pb pollution was lower, and the content of Hg and Cd was higher than the environmental background values of soil in Ningxia; the Cr content exceeded the risk intervention values of the first type of land in the Soil Environmental Quality -- Risk Control Standard for Soil Contamination of Development Land (GB36600-2018). Compared with the original green water irrigation region, it is found that the reclaimed water irrigation reduced the heavy metal pollution of the soil to a certain extent. The heavy metal content of tall fescue grass (Festuca arundinacea) in the reclaimed water irrigation region was Zn, Cr, Pb, As, Cd, and Hg from high to low; the order of the biological absorption coefficient was Cd>As>Zn>Pb>Hg>Cr; irrigation water exerted a certain effect on the content of heavy metals in plants and the biological absorption coefficient through the soil. Using the health risk assessment method recommended by Environmental Protection Agency of the United States of America (USEPA), it was found that the reclaimed water has the highest risk through the inhalation route, and the occupational population has a higher risk of skin contact with soil and plants. [Conclusions] This study is intended to provide data support and theoretical basis for the environmental safety risk research of the application of reclaimed water in arid areas to urban greening.
Reevaluation of the Beef Carcass-To-Retail Weight Conversion Factor
Creators: name: Nelson, Kenneth E.
name: Duewer, Lawrence A.
name: Crawford, Terry L.
name: Nelson, Kenneth E.
name: Duewer, Lawrence A.
name: Crawford, Terry L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Beef
subject: beef disappearance
subject: beef consumption
subject: conversion factor
subject: retail equivalent

description: Reevaluation of the conversion factor used for changing beef carcass weight data to retail weight shows that the figure used since 1962 (0.74) was accurate through 1985. This report develops a new method for evaluating the conversion factor, and recommends that the factor be recalculated each year to account for changes such as leaner cattle, closer trimming of fat, and more removal of bone. Based on this new method, the conversion factor changed for 1986 (to 0.73), for 1987 (to 0.71), and for 1988 (to 0.705). The 1988 factor means that 70.5 percent of the original carcass is available for retailing. The conversion factor is the portion of the beef carcass purchased by consumers. The revised factor for 1988 represents about 3 1/2 pounds less beef per capita purchased than if 0.74 were still being used.
Distinct Mechanisms Underlying Interannual to Decadal Variability of Observed Salinity and Nutrient Concentration in the Northern North Sea
Creators: name: Pätsch, Johannes
name: Gouretski, Viktor
name: Hinrichs, Iris
name: Koul, Vimal
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2020

description: The influence of large-scale oceanic circulation on salinity in the northern North Sea has lead to the hypothesis that nutrient concentrations in this region are also driven by remote oceanic anomalies. Here, using a newly established biogeochemical data set of the North Sea, we show that interannual to decadal variability in winter nutrient concentrations exhibits distinct phase deviations from salinity. The variability in salinity is explained by zonal shifts in the position of the subpolar front (SPF) in the eastern North Atlantic and the associated advective delay. However, the high correlation and absence of advective delay between the position of the SPF and winter nutrient concentrations in the Shetland region (59–61°N, 1°W to 3°E) point to the role of atmospheric variability in driving concurrent changes in winter nutrient concentrations and the SPF position. Our analysis suggests that the prevailing wind direction and local distribution of winter nutrient concentrations together determine the interannual to decadal variability in winter nutrient concentrations in this region. In the analyzed observations, we find a strong spatial gradient in mean winter nutrient concentrations northwest of the Shetland region, which is absent in salinity. The horizontal shift of this spatial gradient, forced by changes in wind direction, has a larger influence on winter nutrient concentration in the Shetland region than the nutrient signal in oceanic anomalies originating from the eastern subpolar North Atlantic. Overall, we conclude that interannual to decadal variability in the observed nutrient concentrations is mainly driven by atmospheric variability here expressed as wind direction.
Application of Six Sigma DMAIC Method in Improving the Good Rate of Blank Value of Cytological Method for Dairy Products
Creators: name: WANG Yunxia
name: ZHAO Shuhuan
name: LIU Lijun
name: HU Xue
name: LI Cuizhi
name: LU Zhiyong
name: WANG Yunxia
name: ZHAO Shuhuan
name: LIU Lijun
name: HU Xue
name: LI Cuizhi
name: LU Zhiyong
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Six Sigma, DMAIC, Dairy product,Good rate

description: In this paper, the six Aigma DMAIC method was used to systematically analyze and study the process affecting the good rate of blank value of cytological method for dairy products. Through data collection, analysis and verification in each link, the room for improvement in the experimental process was identified. C&E matrix and FMEA were used to analyze the factors affecting the good rate of blank value. Through the DOE experiment design method and risk analysis, the main influencing factors were optimized and improved. The optimized experimental conditions were: silica gel activation temperature (500±50)℃, activation time (23±1) h, cells adherent rate (95±1)%, and single-use of 1.5 mL conical flask. Under the above conditions, the good rate of blank value of cytological method was improved from 52.8% to 100%. The improvement of these conditions is of great significance to ensure the accuracy of results, save the testing cost and improve the testing efficiency.
Synthetic Photoelectrochemistry
Creators: name: Barham, Joshua P.
name: König, Burkhard
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2020

description: Abstract Photoredox catalysis (PRC) and synthetic organic electrochemistry (SOE) are often considered competing technologies in organic synthesis. Their fusion has been largely overlooked. We review state-of-the-art synthetic organic photoelectrochemistry, grouping examples into three categories: 1) electrochemically mediated photoredox catalysis (e-PRC), 2) decoupled photoelectrochemistry (dPEC), and 3) interfacial photoelectrochemistry (iPEC). Such synergies prove beneficial not only for synthetic “greenness” and chemical selectivity, but also in the accumulation of energy for accessing super-oxidizing or -reducing single electron transfer (SET) agents. Opportunities and challenges in this emerging and exciting field are discussed.
Statistical Methods of Strategic Portfolio Management for Fund of Funds
Creators: name: Stein, Michael
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2010
Subjects: Statistical Methods
Strategic Portfolio Management
Fund of Funds
Asset Management
FoF

description: A 'fund of funds (FoF)' is an investment fund that invests in other investment funds rather than investing directly in shares, bonds, or other securities. Sometimes referred to as multi-manager funds, these investment funds pose 'apart from the challenges that arise for every portfolio to be managed' special problems to their management teams. Several concepts and statistical methods are applied to problems that one faces when managing a FoF, laying the focus on direct solutions.
Spreadsheets - the Good, the Bad and the Downright Ugly
Creators: name: Dunn, Angus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Spreadsheets are ubiquitous, heavily relied on throughout vast swathes of finance, commerce, industry, academia and Government. They are also acknowledged to be extraordinarily and unacceptably prone to error. If these two points are accepted, it has to follow that their uncontrolled use has the potential to inflict considerable damage. One approach to controlling such error should be to define as "good practice" a set of characteristics that a spreadsheet must possess and as "bad practice" another set that it must avoid. Defining such characteristics should, in principle, perfectly do-able. However, being able to say with authority at a definite moment that any particular spreadsheet complies with these characteristics is very much more difficult. The author asserts that the use of automated spreadsheet development could markedly help in ensuring and demonstrating such compliance.
description: 8 Pages
Mathematical decision-analytic modelling to evaluate economic and health challenges in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Creators: name: Zafari, Zafar
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: Background: Reducing the burden associated with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) requires addressing challenging care gaps. Mathematical decision-analytic models are among the best tools to address such challenges. Objectives: My overall aim in this thesis was to identify cost-effective treatments in asthma, and to quantify the value of personalizing treatments in COPD. These goals led to four specific objectives: 1) To inform the economic and health impact of improving adherence to the standard controller medications in asthma; 2) To assess the cost-effectiveness step-up treatment options for severe asthma patients; 3) To build a framework for individualized prediction of lung function in COPD; and 4) To quantify the value of personalizing COPD treatments. Methods: Cohort-based models were used to quantify the benefit of improving adherence to controller medications and evaluating the cost-effectiveness of treatments for severe asthma. Mixed-effects regression with external validation was undertaken to project lung function decline up to 11 years for COPD. Microsimulation was used to fully incorporate disease heterogeneity to evaluate the return on investment from individualizing treatments in COPD. All modeling studies were based on careful evidence synthesis and original data analyses whenever required. Results: Improving adherence to controller medications in asthma results in a gain of 0.13 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) at the incremental cost of $3,187 per patient over 10 years. Even with full adherence, 23% of patients would remain uncontrolled. For this group, the addition of bronchial thermoplasty was associated with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $78,700/QALY. Clinical variables explain 88% of variability in lung function decline. The efforts towards individualizing treatments based on patients’ clinical traits would be associated with an additional $1,265 net benefit per person. Conclusion: The analyses in this thesis demonstrate the value of mathematical simulation models in evaluating the outcomes of policies and scenarios. It is unlikely that any empirical research per se would be able to provide the insight generated in this thesis regarding the identified care gaps. Mathematical models can not only be used to evaluate the outcomes associated with specific interventions, but also to objectively document the return on investment in personalized medicine.
Identification of three new proto-Planetary Nebulae exhibiting the unidentified feature at 21 um
Creators: name: Cerrigone, L.
name: Hora, J. L.
name: Umana, G.
name: Trigilio, C.
name: Hart, A.
name: Fazio, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Among its great findings, the IRAS mission showed the existence of an unidentified mid-IR feature around 21 um. Since its discovery, this feature has been detected in all C-rich proto-PNe of intermediate spectral type (A-G) and - weakly - in a few PNe and AGB stars, but the nature of its carriers remains unknown. In this paper, we show the detection of this feature in the spectra of three new stars transiting from the AGB to the PN stage obtained with the Spitzer Space Telescope. Following a recent suggestion, we try to model the SEDs of our targets with amorphous carbon and FeO, which might be responsible for the unidentified feature. The fit thus obtained is not completely satisfactory, since the shape of the feature is not well matched. In the attempt to relate the unidentified feature to other dust features, we retrieved mid-IR spectra of all the 21-um sources currently known from ISO and Spitzer on-line archives and noticed a correlation between the flux emitted in the 21-um feature and that emitted at 7 and 11 um (PAH bands and HAC broad emission). Such a correlation may point to a common nature of the carriers.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
The generalized Ekman model for the tropical cyclone boundary layer revisited: The myth of inertial stability as a restoring force
Creators: name: Smith, Roger K.
name: Montgomery, Michael T.
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2020

description: We revisit the linear boundary-layer approximation that expresses a generalized Ekman balance and use it to clarify a range of interpretations in the previous literature on the tropical cyclone boundary layer. Some of these interpretations relate to the reasons for inflow in the boundary layer and others relate to the presumed effects of inertial stability on boundary-layer dynamics. Inertial stability has been invoked, for example, to explain aspects of boundary-layer behaviour, including the frontogenetic nature of the boundary layer and its relationship to vortex spin-up. Our analysis exposes the fallacy of invoking inertial stability as a resistance to radial inflow in the boundary layer. The analysis shows also that the nonlinear acceleration terms become comparable to the linear Coriolis acceleration terms in relatively narrow vortices that are inertially stable above the boundary layer. Estimates of the nonlinear accelerations using the linear solutions are expected to underestimate the actual contribution in a nonlinear boundary-layer model, cautioning against neglecting the nonlinear terms in diagnostic or prognostic models.
Attending persistent T cell activation in alopecia areata : A therapeutic option
Creators: name: Singh, Vibhuti
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2011
Subjects: Alopecia areata
Apoptosis
Autoimmune disease
Myeloid derived suppressor cells
CD44

description: Alopecia areata an autoimmune disease of the hair follicle is most efficiently cured by contact sensitizers (Delayed type hypersenstivity). The curative effect is the expansion of myeloid derived suppressor cells which can suppress the autoreactive T cells and induce apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway. Another aspect is by hindrance of the antigen presentation to lymphocytes. CD44 with CD49d plays an important role in homing of lymphocytes and blockade of these can help cure Alopecia areata.
Involuntary Exits from Farming: Evidence from Four Studies
Creators: name: Bentley, Susan E.
name: Et Al. (+10)
name: Bentley, Susan E.
name: Et Al. (+10)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
Farm Management
Financial Economics
Risk and Uncertainty

description: In this report… The consequences of leaving farming because of financial problems varied, according to case studies of farm exit in southwestern Wisconsin, Texas, North Dakota, and Dodge County, Georgia, in the early 1980's. On average, farmers who were forced out under financial stress had significantly higher household incomes after exit than those earned from farming. Many former farm operators still own their farmland, although remaining debt loads and tax liabilities are sobering. Nearly all found other jobs and most remained in their home counties. Farm loss was spread broadly among diverse sizes and types of farms in the four studies.
Design and Study of Could Platform Based Sampling Control and Management System
Creators: name: WANG Hecheng
name: ZHENG Xiangqun
name: ZHANG Chunxue
name: CHE Ming
name: XU Yan
name: YANG Bo
name: WEI Xiaocheng
name: WANG Qiang
name: WANG Hecheng
name: ZHENG Xiangqun
name: ZHANG Chunxue
name: CHE Ming
name: XU Yan
name: YANG Bo
name: WEI Xiaocheng
name: WANG Qiang
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Cloud platform, Web GIS, Mobile GIS, Intelligent APP, System design

description: Considering the demand for intelligent and information-based management of sampling points for agricultural environmental monitoring, taking the cloud platform as the information carrier, combined with the advantages of GIS development interface technology on the Web side and intelligent handheld system development technology, the overall structure of the sample deployment control collection and sampling management system was designed, and a program flow method for the accurate perception of sampling points and the secondary evaluation of spare sampling points caused by geographic factors was proposed. It is expected to realize the intelligent and information-based sampling work from deployment to collection, and effectively increase the work efficiency. In addition, it is expected to provide a good data interface program for the input and output of related information at the Internet of Things (IoT) level for subsequent related data research.
Sparsity Enhanced Decision Feedback Equalization
Creators: name: Ilic, Jovana
name: Strohmer, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: For single-carrier systems with frequency domain equalization, decision feedback equalization (DFE) performs better than linear equalization and has much lower computational complexity than sequence maximum likelihood detection. The main challenge in DFE is the feedback symbol selection rule. In this paper, we give a theoretical framework for a simple, sparsity based thresholding algorithm. We feed back multiple symbols in each iteration, so the algorithm converges fast and has a low computational cost. We show how the initial solution can be obtained via convex relaxation instead of linear equalization, and illustrate the impact that the choice of the initial solution has on the bit error rate performance of our algorithm. The algorithm is applicable in several existing wireless communication systems (SC-FDMA, MC-CDMA, MIMO-OFDM). Numerical results illustrate significant performance improvement in terms of bit error rate compared to the MMSE solution.
Remnants of massive metal-poor stars: viable engines for ultra-luminous X-ray sources
Creators: name: Mapelli, M.
name: Ripamonti, E.
name: Zampieri, L.
name: Colpi, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Massive metal-poor stars might end their life by directly collapsing into massive (~25-80 Msun) black holes (BHs). We derive the number of massive BHs (N_BH) that are expected to form per galaxy via this mechanism. We select a sample of 66 galaxies with X-ray coverage, measurements of the star formation rate (SFR) and of the metallicity. We find that N_BH correlates with the number of observed ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULXs) per galaxy (N_ULX) in this sample. We discuss the dependence of N_ULX and of N_BH on the SFR and on the metallicity.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in the Astronomische Nachrichten, to appear in the proceedings of the conference "Ultra-luminous X-ray sources and Middle Weight Black Holes" (Madrid, May 24-26, 2010)
Exploring Accretion and Disk-Jet Connections in the LLAGN M81*
Creators: name: Miller, J. M.
name: Nowak, M.
name: Markoff, S.
name: Rupen, M.
name: Maitra, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a year-long effort to monitor the central supermassive black hole in M81 in the X-ray and radio bands. Using Chandra and the VLA, we obtained quasi-simultaneous observations of M81* on seven occasions during 2006. The X-ray and radio luminosity of M81* are not strongly correlated on the approximately 20-day sampling timescale of our observations, which is commensurate with viscous timescales in the inner flow and orbital timecales in a radially-truncated disk. This suggests that short-term variations in black hole activity may not be rigidly governed by the "fundamental plane", but rather adhere to the plane in a time-averaged sense. Fits to the X-ray spectra of M81* with bremsstrahlung models give temperatures that are inconsistent with the outer regions of very simple advection-dominated inflows. However, our results are consistent with the X-ray emission originating in a transition region where a truncated disk and advective flow may overlap. We discuss our results in the context of models for black holes accreting at small fractions of their Eddington limit, and the fundamental plane of black hole accretion.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Peptid-basierte molekulare Strategien zum Einsatz bei Proteinfehlfaltung, Proteinaggregation und Zelldegeneration
Creators: name: Armiento, Valentina
name: Spanopoulou, Anna
name: Kapurniotu, Aphrodite
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2019

description: Abstract Die Proteinfehlfaltung in Amyloidfibrillen steht im Zusammenhang mit über 40 unheilbaren zell- und neurodegenerativen Krankheiten. Unter den vielen getesteten Amyloid-inhibitorischen Molekülen fand jedoch bisher nur eines Anwendung im Patienten. In diesem Kurzaufsatz besprechen wir molekulare Strategien und peptidchemische Hilfsmittel, die bei der Entdeckung, dem Design und der Entwicklung Peptid-basierter Leitstrukturen für Anti-Amyloidwirkstoffe eingesetzt werden. Im Zentrum stehen zwei wichtige rationale Amyloidinhibitor-Designstrategien: 1) Die älteste und bekannteste Strategie, die sich molekulare Erkennungselemente der Amyloidselbstassoziation zunutze macht, und 2) ein jüngerer Ansatz, der auf Kreuzamyloidwechselwirkungen beruht. Wir diskutieren, warum Peptid-basierte Amyloidinhibitoren, insbesondere ihre fortgeschrittenen Generationen, vielversprechende Leitstrukturen oder Kandidaten für Anti-Amyloidwirkstoffe und wertvolle Hilfsmittel bei der Aufklärung krankheitsrelevanter Zellschädigungsmechanismen werden können.
Formation Mechanism of Heartwood and Research Status
Creators: name: WU Guangping
name: CHEN Weixin
name: PAN Xiaolin
name: XU Siyin
name: XU Chengxiang
name: WU Guangping
name: CHEN Weixin
name: PAN Xiaolin
name: XU Siyin
name: XU Chengxiang
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Heartwood, Hongmu species, Directional cultivation

description: The formation mechanism of heartwood is a scientific problem which has not been fully revealed in wood science. Effective regulation of heartwood formation is a scientific problem that is rarely studied and has not yet achieved a breakthrough in the field of forest cultivation. It is very beneficial to regulate the chemical properties of wood and directional and efficient cultivation of trees by fully understanding the formation mechanism of heartwood. Based on the author’s research and practice, the recent research progress on the formation mechanism and regulation technology of heartwood is summarized, especially the research on the heartwood formation of Hongmu species.
Host-parasite interactions in the European shore crab Carcinus
maenas and their implications for the invasion success of this
introduced species
Creators: name: Zetlmeisl, Claudia
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2011
Subjects: Carcinus maenas
parasite release

description: In the invasive crab Carcinus maenas, parasite loss during
its introduction was previously suggested as a main reason for
invasion success. This hypothesis was examined by analysing parasite
impacts on individual fitness. However, I found little support for it.
Apart from the effect of parasitic castrators the crabs were mostly
unaffected by the more common helminth parasites. A major regulatory
role of parasites in the home range or parasite release during the
invasion are therefore unlikely.
Nitrogen Metabolism and Curing Characteristics of Flue-cured Tobacco Variety NC71
Creators: name: ZHENG Cong
name: LI Wei
name: LI Bo
name: SUN Hongquan
name: LU Zhigang
name: AI Yongfeng
name: ZHENG Cong
name: LI Wei
name: LI Bo
name: SUN Hongquan
name: LU Zhigang
name: AI Yongfeng
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Variety, Nitrogen metabolism, Curing characteristics

description: [Objectives] To explore the growth characteristics, nitrogen metabolism and curing characteristics of the new variety NC71 in strongly aromatic tobacco leaves production area. [Methods] With Yunyan 87 as the control and NC71 as the experimental material, the experiment was carried out in Nanyang tobacco area for two consecutive years to study the growth characteristics of tobacco plants, the activity of key enzymes in nitrogen metabolism, the content of secondary metabolites, and the differences of tobacco-related water content, PPO enzyme activity and total phenol content. [Results] NC71 plants had lower height, better appearance quality and lower nicotine, total sugar and chlorine content. NC71 high nitrogen treatment and Yunyan 87 medium nitrogen treatment had similar key enzyme activity of nitrogen metabolism, content of secondary metabolites; Yunyan 87 and NC71 were easy to cure and resistant to curing. [Conclusions] This study provides a reference for measuring the appropriate nitrogen application rate and optimizing the curing process from the activities of the key enzymes NR and GS in nitrogen metabolism at the mature stage of the variety.
Why don't you believe me? Detecting deception in messages written by nonnative and native speakers
Creators: name: Volz, Sarah
name: Reinhard, Marc-André
name: Müller, Patrick
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2019

description: Summary Detecting lies is crucial in numerous contexts, including situations in which individuals do not interact in their native language. Previous research suggests that individuals are perceived as less credible when they communicate in a nonnative compared with native language. The current study was the first to test this effect in truthful and fabricated messages written by native and nonnative English speakers. One hundred native English speakers judged the veracity of these messages, and overall, they proved less likely to believe and to correctly classify nonnative speakers' messages; differences in verbal cues between native and nonnative speakers' messages partly explained the differences in the judgments. Given the increased use of nonnative languages in a globalized world, the discrimination against nonnative speakers in veracity judgments is problematic. Further research should more thoroughly investigate the role of verbal cues in written and spoken nonnative language to enable the development of effective interventions.
Topological Order in Spin Liquids with Chirality
Creators: name: Scharfenberger, Burkhard
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2011
Subjects: spin liquids
topological order
chiral spin liquid
frustrated magnets
entanglement spectrum
Young tableaux

description: We use the Kalmeyer-Laughlin Chiral Spin Liquid as building block to construct a hierarchy of higher-spin spin liquids and determine numerically their topological properties.
We compute the entanglement spectra of some of these liquids as well as of ground states of critically frustrated quantum magnets. From the comparison, we find preliminary evidence for a topological phase transition in these systems.
Effects of Nitrogen Forms on the Growth and Development of Trees
Creators: name: SU Yihan
name: YE Zhaoyi
name: SHEN Xiaolin
name: CHEN Weixin
name: XU Chengxiang
name: SU Yihan
name: YE Zhaoyi
name: SHEN Xiaolin
name: CHEN Weixin
name: XU Chengxiang
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Nitrogen form; Growth; Biomass; Photosynthesis; Nitrogen metabolism

description: Nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen are the main nitrogen forms absorbed by trees from soil, and they have significantly different physiological regulation effects on trees; trees can also absorb some soluble organic nitrogen compounds, such as urea and amino acids. Trees supplied with single ammonium nitrogen or nitrate nitrogen will have higher photosynthesis, and the promotion effect of mixed nitrogen sources on tree photosynthesis is stronger. Enzymes play an important role in the metabolism of trees. The key enzymes of nitrogen metabolism include nitrate reductase, etc., which affect the metabolism of trees through different responses of key enzymes to various nitrogen forms. The input of different nitrogen forms changes the content of mineral elements in trees and then affects the growth of trees. Different nitrogen forms have significant differences in the growth and metabolic processes of trees, which in turn have different physiological effects on plants. Several key issues in the future research on nitrogen nutrition and physiology of trees are discussed.
A trip-based approach to modelling urban transportation greenhouse gas emissions for municipalities
Creators: name: Rahman, Md. Nobinur
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: Transportation has always been a major source of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions all over the world. The fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has reported that the transportation sector was responsible for 14% of the total emissions in 2010. In Canada, transportation has been the second largest source of GHG emissions in 2012. Therefore, cutting transportation-related GHG emissions has become a top priority on the international agenda. Many international governments have announced aggressive GHG emissions reduction targets. In response, numerous research efforts have looked at developing tools to model the effect of various transportation and land use policies on GHG emissions reduction. However, most of the developed models are context specific and vary greatly in complexity (e.g. network-wide, corridor-wide, etc.) and level of detail (i.e. macro, meso, and micro). Thus, they cannot be used in other settings. In addition, little has been reported on monitoring progress towards meeting municipal GHG emissions reduction targets. To contribute to this issue, this research presents a TRIp-Based Urban Transportation Emissions (TRIBUTE) model for municipalities. TRIBUTE integrates two main components: a discrete mode choice/shift model and an emissions forecasting model. Given personal, modal, and land use information, the mode choice/shift model calculates the proportion of trips made by different travel options (e.g. car, bus, walk, etc.). The total Vehicle Kilometres Travelled (VKT) by each mode is then calculated by multiplying the proportion of trips made by each mode by respective average VKT. Finally, total GHG emissions are calculated by multiplying the total VKT by each mode by respective average emissions factors. TRIBUTE is intended to assist municipalities (especially those with no detailed transportation network model) explore the impacts of various transportation and land use planning policies on changing travel behavior, and subsequently GHG emissions from passenger transportation. The City of Kelowna, BC, Canada is selected as a case study. The model validation results show a difference of only 0.3% in GHG emissions between the model prediction and the historical data.
The Conservation Reserve Program: An Economic Assessment
Creators: name: Young, C. Edwin
name: Osborn, C. Tim
name: Young, C. Edwin
name: Osborn, C. Tim
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1990
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Public Economics
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Conservation
subject: soil erosion
subject: water quality
subject: Food Security Act of 1985
subject: Conservation Reserve Program

description: The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) will boost net farm income and improve environmental quality over the life of the program (1986-99). These gains will come at the cost of somewhat higher food prices and Government administrative expenses, and potential downturns in farm input industries and other local economic activity tied to farming where enrollment is heavy. The authors estimated the net economic benefits of the program to range between $3.4 billion and $11.0 billion in present value, based on the effects covered in this report. Any estimate of the net Government expense of the CRP is highly dependent upon projected commodity market conditions and assumed levels of the acreage reduction program in the absence of the CRP. Prior to the 1988 drought, the authors estimated a small net Government expense. A more recent estimate made after the 1988 drought and with higher assumed acreage reduction levels in the absence of the CRP resulted in a significantly higher net Government expense.
STAR Measurements of Bottom to Charm Ratio and Heavy Quark Interaction with the QCD Medium through Non-Photonic Electron-Hadron Correlations
Creators: name: Xu, Wenqin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present STAR measurements of relative charm and bottom contributions to NPE from $p+p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$= 200 and 500 GeV energies. We report the total bottom quark production cross section from p+p collisions at $\sqrt{s}= 200$ GeV extracted from NPE spectrum and B to D ratios. We also present the NPE-hadron azimuthal correlations from $Au+Au$ collisions at $\sqrtsNN = 200$ GeV from the 2010 RHIC run where we have collected high statistics data set with low photonic conversion background.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures. Proceedings for XXII International Conference on Ultra-relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collision (Quark Matter 2011), 22 - 28 May 2011, Annecy, France
The Slab Puzzle of the Alpine-Mediterranean Region: Insights From a New, High-Resolution, Shear Wave Velocity Model of the Upper Mantle
Creators: name: El-Sharkawy, Amr
name: Meier, Thomas
name: Lebedev, Sergei
name: Behrmann, Jan H.
name: Hamada, Mona
name: Cristiano, Luigia
name: Weidle, Christian
name: Köhn, Daniel
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2020

description: Mediterranean tectonics since the Lower Cretaceous has been characterized by a multiphase subduction and collision history with temporally and spatially variable, small-scale plate configurations. A new shear wave velocity model of the Mediterranean upper mantle (MeRE2020), constrained by a very large set of over 200,000 broadband (8–350 s), interstation, Rayleigh wave, phase velocity curves, illuminates the complex structure and fragmentation of the subducting slabs. Phase velocity maps computed using these measurements were inverted for depth-dependent, shear wave velocities using a stochastic particle-swarm-optimization (PSO) algorithm. The resulting three-dimensional (3-D) model makes possible an inventory of slab segments across the Mediterranean. Fourteen slab segments of 200–800 km length along-strike are identified. We distinguish three categories of subducted slabs: attached slabs reaching down to the bottom of the model; shallow slabs of shorter length in downdip direction, terminating shallower than 300 km depth; and detached slab segments. The location of slab segments are consistent with and validated by the intermediate-depth seismicity, where it is present. The new high-resolution tomography demonstrates the intricate relationships between slab fragmentation and the evolution of the relatively small and highly curved subduction zones and collisional orogens characteristic of the Mediterranean realm.
Generalized Transverse-Momentum Dependent Parton Distributions in Light-Cone Quark Models
Creators: name: Lorcé, Cédric
name: Pasquini, Barbara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the general formalism for the calculation in light-cone quark models of the fully unintegrated, off-diagonal quark-quark correlator of the nucleon. The corresponding distributions in impact parameter space are the Wigner or phase-space distributions. The results obtained in two different light-cone quark models in the case of unpolarized quarks in an unpolarized proton are very similar and present a non-trivial shape which can be understood as due to the orbital motion of the quarks.
description: Proceedings for the "Light Cone 2010 Relativistic Hadronic and Particle Physics" workshop, 3 Figs, 8pp
Spin-orbit and orbit-orbit strengths for radioactive neutron-rich doubly magic nucleus $^{132}$Sn in relativistic mean field theory
Creators: name: Liang, Haozhao
name: Zhao, Pengwei
name: Li, Lulu
name: Meng, Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Relativistic mean field (RMF) theory is applied to investigate the properties of the radioactive neutron-rich doubly magic nucleus $^{132}$Sn and the corresponding isotopes and isotones. The two-neutron and two-proton separation energies are well reproduced by the RMF theory. In particular, the RMF results agree with the experimental single-particle spectrum in $^{132}$Sn as well as the Nilsson spin-orbit parameter $C$ and orbit-orbit parameter $D$ thus extracted, but remarkably differ from the traditional Nilsson parameters. Furthermore, the present results provide a guideline for the isospin dependence of the Nilsson parameters.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, Phys. Rev. C in press
A Carbene-Extended ATRA Reaction
Creators: name: Wu, Guojiao
name: Börger, Jennifer
name: Jacobi Von Wangelin, Axel
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2019

description: Abstract Atom-transfer radical addition (ATRA) reactions have gained a strong foothold in organic synthesis by virtue of their operational simplicity, synthetic versatility, and perfect atom economy. A rich chemical space can be accessed through clever combinations of the simple starting materials. Many variations of this general motif have been reported. However, the vast majority involve the addition of an organic halide across a C=C double bond, resulting in the formation of 1,2-bifunctional products. This report introduces a significant expansion of this general reactivity concept to give 1,3-bifunctional adducts through the combination of 1,1-ATRA to a carbenoid and 1,2-ATRA to an alkyne. Both processes operate under mild conditions (RT, 5 h) with the same commercial catalyst (CoBr2, dppbz).