cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Business Taxation and Wages: Evidence from Individual Panel Data
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Bauer, Thomas K.
name: Kasten, Tanja
name: Siemers, Lars-H. R.
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2012
Subjects: Economics
Wirtschaft
wages
tax incidence
asymmetric effects
profit taxation

description: Empirical evidence on the degree of business-tax shifting to employees via the wage level is highly controversial and rare. It remains open to which extent the tax burden is shifted, whether there are differences for tax increases and decreases, or whether there exists some treatment heterogeneity, that drive the respective results. Using a large administrative panel data set, we exploit the regional variation of the German business income taxation to address these issues. Our results suggest an elasticity of wages with respect to business taxes that ranges between -0.28 to -0.46, once we control for invariant unobserved regional and individual characteristics. Workers with low bargaining power, e.g., low-skilled, are affected most from business tax shifting, indicating that business-tax incidence involves distributional effects.Finally, we find evidence for an asymmetric tax incidence.
title: Inflation Targeting, Credibility, and Non-Linear Taylor Rules
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Neuenkirch, Matthias
name: Tillmann, Peter
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2012
Subjects: Economics
Wirtschaft
Taylor rule.
monetary policy
Credibility
inflation expectations

description: In this paper we systematically evaluate how central banks respond to deviations from the inflation target. We present a stylized New Keynesian model in which agents' inflation expectations are sensitive to deviations from the inflation target. To (re-)establish credibility, monetary policy under discretion sets higher interest rates today if average inflation exceeded the target in the past. Moreover, the central bank responds non-linearly to past inflation gaps. This is reflected in an additional term in the central bank's instrument rule, which we refer to as the "credibility loss." Augmenting a standard Taylor (1993) rule with the latter term, we provide empirical evidence for the interest rate response for a sample of five inflation targeting (IT) economies. We find, first, that past deviations from IT feed back into the reaction function and that this influence is economically meaningful. Deterioration in credibility (ceteris paribus) forces central bankers to undertake larger interest rate steps. Second, we detect an asymmetric reaction to positive and negative credibility losses, with the latter dominating the former.
Online Memory Leak Detection in the Cloud-based Infrastructures
Creators: name: Jindal, Anshul
name: Staab, Paul
name: Cardoso, Jorge
name: Gerndt, Michael
name: Podolskiy, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A memory leak in an application deployed on the cloud can affect the availability and reliability of the application. Therefore, to identify and ultimately resolve it quickly is highly important. However, in the production environment running on the cloud, memory leak detection is a challenge without the knowledge of the application or its internal object allocation details. This paper addresses this challenge of online detection of memory leaks in cloud-based infrastructure without having any internal application knowledge by introducing a novel machine learning based algorithm Precog. This algorithm solely uses one metric i.e the system's memory utilization on which the application is deployed for the detection of a memory leak. The developed algorithm's accuracy was tested on 60 virtual machines manually labeled memory utilization data provided by our industry partner Huawei Munich Research Center and it was found that the proposed algorithm achieves the accuracy score of 85\% with less than half a second prediction time per virtual machine.
description: 12 pages
Arcuospathidium namibiense subsp. tristicha Foissner, Agatha & Berger 2002
Creators: name: Durán-Ramírez, Carlos Alberto
name: Dias, Roberto Júnio Pedroso
name: Estrada, Rosaura Mayén-
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Ciliophora
Gymnostomatea
Spathidiida
Arcuospathidiidae
Arcuospathidium
Arcuospathidium namibiense
Arcuospathidium namibiense tristicha foissner, agatha & berger, 2002

description: Arcuospathidium namibiense tristicha Foissner, Agatha & Berger, 2002
Distribution. MEXICO: Coffee plantation La Onza, near Coatepec (Durán-Ramírez et al. 2015), (Th). VENEZUELA: South margin of the Henri Pittier National Park, Biological Station Rancho Grande (Foissner 2016).
description: Published as part of Durán-Ramírez, Carlos Alberto, Dias, Roberto Júnio Pedroso & Estrada, Rosaura Mayén-, 2020, Checklist of ciliates (Alveolata: Ciliophora) that inhabit in bromeliads from the Neotropical Region, pp. 1-36 in Zootaxa 4895 (1) on page 15, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4321437
Finite-size effects on the phase structure of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model
Creators: name: Abreu, L. M.
name: Gomes, M.
name: da Silva, A. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model is one of the most frequently used four-fermion models in the study of dynamical symmetry breaking. In particular, the NJL model is convenient for that analysis at finite temperature, chemical potential and size effects, as has been explored in the last decade. With this motivation, we investigate the finite-size effects on the phase structure of the NJL model in $D = 3$ Euclidean dimensions, in the situations that one, two and three dimensions are compactified. In this context, we employ the zeta-function and compactification methods to calculate the effective potential and gap equation. The critical lines that separate trivial and non-trivial fermion mass phases in a second order transition are obtained. We also analyze the system at finite temperature, considering the inverse of temperature as the size of one of the compactified dimensions.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures, revtex4
title: The Importance of Knowing Your Own Reputation
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Greiff, Matthias
name: Paetzel, Fabian
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2012
Subjects: Evaluation
Prisoner’s Dilemma, Repeated games with varying partners
Public Good Games
Economics
Wirtschaft
Reputation
Conditional Cooperation
Second-order beliefs.

description: We experimentally investigate a finitely repeated public good game with varying partners. Within each period, participants are pairwise matched and contribute simultaneously. Participants are informed about contributions and each participant evaluates her partner’s contribution. At the beginning of the next period, participants are re-matched and, except for the two control treatments, receive information resulting from the previous period’s evaluations. There are three information treatments: Participants receive information either about their own evaluation or about their partner’s evaluation or both. Although participants condition their contributions on their partners’ evaluations, this information alone is insufficient to raise contributions. Only if participants also know their own evaluation, we do find a significant increase in contributions relative to the control treatments.
Some remarks on the size of bodies and black holes
Creators: name: Galloway, Gregory J.
name: O'Murchadha, Niall
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the application of stable marginally outer trapped surfaces to problems concerning the size of material bodies and the area of black holes. The results presented extend to general initial data sets (V,g,K) previous results assuming either maximal (tr K = 0) or time-symmetric (K = 0) initial data.
description: 12 pages
title: Gens una sumus? – Or Does Political Ideology Affect Experts’ Aesthetic Judgement of Chess Games
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Frank, Björn
name: Krabel, Stefan
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2012
Subjects: Economics
Wirtschaft

description: This paper presents evidence on biased voting by jurors from the Warsaw Pact countries who ranked high-level chess games. The roots of this bias are probably ideological, as there were no formal benefits for biased voting. Furthermore, this bias is observed only for jurors from Eastern countries, not for those from the West (NATO), and most interestingly, it disappears after the collapse of the Warsaw pact in 1989.
title: Monocentric Cities, Endogenous Agglomeration, and Unemployment Disparities
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Zierahn, Ulrich
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2012
Subjects: Economics
Wirtschaft
Urban Economics
New Economic Geography
Unemployment, Disparities
Efficiency Wages
Regional Migration

description: The literature on the wage curve provides considerable evidence in favor of a negative relationship between unemployment and wages. It is thus often seen as a refutation of the Harris-Todaro model, who point to a positive relationship. This paper shows that both strands of literature are special cases of a more general approach by combining a New Economic Geography model with monocentric cities and efficiency wages. Whether the relationship is positive or negative depends on the transportation costs between the cities and commuting costs within them. The model helps explain whether and under which conditions the agglomeration of economic activity is associated with higher unemployment and why controls for agglomeration should be included in wage curve regressions.
Laplacians on the basilica Julia set
Creators: name: Rogers, Luke G.
name: Teplyaev, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 28A80, 37F50, 31C25

description: We consider the basilica Julia set of the polynomial $P(z)=z^{2}-1$ and construct all possible resistance (Dirichlet) forms, and the corresponding Laplacians, for which the topology in the effective resistance metric coincides with the usual topology. Then we concentrate on two particular cases. One is a self-similar harmonic structure, for which the energy renormalization factor is 2, the spectral dimension is $\log9/\log6$, and we can compute all the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions by a spectral decimation method. The other is graph-directed self-similar under the map $z\mapsto P(z)$; it has energy renormalization factor $\sqrt2$ and spectral dimension 4/3, but the exact computation of the spectrum is difficult. The latter Dirichlet form and Laplacian are in a sense conformally invariant on the basilica Julia set.
description: 24 pages, one figure in separate eps file. Replaced the theorem that was removed in the second version, with a corrected proof. Corrected an error in the description of the energy forms (we are grateful to Jun Kigami for pointing out this error). Other minor changes
title: The effect of market access on the labor market: Evidence from German reunification
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Zierahn, Ulrich
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2012
Subjects: New Economic Geography
wage equation
Economics
Wirtschaft
market access
natural experiment, differences-in-differences

description: The New Economic Geography predicts a positive effect of market access on wages, as represented by the wage equation. Several studies provide empirical evidence in favor of the wage equation. However, a key problem is the endogeneity of market access: it is challenging to identify the causal effects of market access on wages, since market access itself depends on wages. Whereas most approaches rely on instrumental variables and strong assumptions on exogeneity, the present analysis relies on German reunification as an exogenous variation of market access in order to identify the effects. Since the market access shock due to reunification was accompanied by a labor supply shock due to migrants and commuters from eastern Germany, the effects on wages, employment and unemployment are analyzed. The results provide evidence in favor of a labor demand shock due to the increase in market access and a labor supply shock due to migrants and commuters from eastern Germany.
Detection of H2O and OH+ in z>3 Hot Dust-Obscured Galaxies
Creators: name: Stanley, F.
name: Knudsen, K. K.
name: Aalto, S.
name: Fan, L.
name: Falstad, N.
name: Humphreys, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we present the detection of H2O and OH+ emission in z>3 hot dust-obscured galaxies (Hot DOGs). Using ALMA Band-6 observations of two Hot DOGs, we have detected H2O(2_02-1_11) in W0149+2350, and H2O(3_12-3_03) and the multiplet OH+(1_1-0_1) in W0410-0913. We find that both sources have luminous H2O emission with line luminosities of L_H2O > 2.2x10^8 Lsol and L_H2O = 8.7x10^8 Lsol for W0149+2350 and W0410-0913, respectively. The H2O line profiles are similar to those seen for the neighbouring CO(9-8) line, with linewidths of FWHM ~ 800-1000 km/s. However, the H2O emission seems to be more compact than the CO(9-8). OH+ is detected in emission for W0410-0913, with a FWHM=1000km/s and a line luminosity of L_OH+ = 6.92x10^8 Lsol. The ratio of the observed H2O line luminosity over the IR luminosity, for both Hot DOGs, is consistent with previously observed star forming galaxies and AGN. The H2O/CO line ratio of both Hot DOGs and the OH+/H2O line ratio of W0410-0913 are comparable to those of luminous AGN in the literature. The bright H2O(2_02-1_11), and H2O(3_12-3_03) emission lines are likely due to the combined high star formation levels and luminous AGN in these sources. The presence of OH+ in emission, and the agreement of the observed line ratios of the Hot DOGs with luminous AGN in the literature, would suggest that the AGN emission is dominating the radiative output of these galaxies. However, followup multi-transition observations are needed to better constrain the properties of these systems.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Frequency Evolution of the Gravitational Waves for Compact Binaries
Creators: name: Mikóczi, Balázs
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present here a complete list of contributions to the gravitational wave frequency evolution from compact binaries on circular orbits up to the second post-Newtonian order by including the interaction of magnetic dipole moments, quadrupole-monopole interactions together with the spin-orbit, the spin-spin and the self-interaction spin contributions. We apply our results to the Manchester et al. model of the J0737-3039A-B double pulsar.
description: 4 pages, in Proceedings of Astrophysics of Variable Stars
title: Costs and Benefits of Immigration and Multicultural Interaction
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Bonn, Moritz
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2012
Subjects: Cultural Interaction
Political Economy
Economics
Wirtschaft
Immigration

description: This paper studies how the existence of a minority culture influences the well-being of the native population and its attitude towards immigrants. In this context, I assume that multicultural interaction can be advantageous for immigrants and natives if intercultural obstacles and communication problems are abolished. It is found that certain shares of the immigrant as well as of the native population have incentives to acquire knowledge of the respective other culture since it enables them to interact with each other. I find that immigrants are more likely to acquire knowledge of the domestic culture than vice versa what I attribute to differences in the respective population size, assortative matching behavior and potentially asymmetric learning costs. The model further predicts that natives who have suffciently low costs of learning the foreign culture are willing to vote for free migration whereas those who have higher learning costs will be in favor of immigration restrictions.
Drag and energetics of swimming in Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus)
Creators: name: Stelle, Lei Lani
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis presents the first hydrodynamic investigation of swimming in Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus). Passive drag was calculated from "deceleration during glide" measurements. A total of sixty-six glides from six juvenile sea lions yielded an average drag coefficient (referenced to total wetted surface area) of 0.0056 at an average Reynolds number of 5.5 x 10⁶. The drag values indicate that the boundary layer is largely turbulent at these Reynolds numbers, which are past the point of transition from laminar to turbulent flow. The position of maximum thickness (average = 0.344) was lower than for a "laminar" profile, and supports the idea that there is little laminar flow. Steller sea lions in this study were characterized by an average fineness ratio of 5.55; the streamlined shape helps to delay flow separation, which reduces total drag. In addition, turbulent boundary layers are more stable than laminar, thus separating further back on the animal. The average glide velocity of the individual sea lions ranged from 2.9-3.4 m/s, or 1.2-1.5 body lengths/s. These speeds are very close to the predicted swim velocity of 1.4 body lengths/s, based on the minimum cost of transport for California sea lions (Zalophus californianus). Efficiencies of swimming were calculated based on drag data and preliminary metabolic measurements. Aerobic efficiencies were calculated to reach 13-17% at a swimming velocity of 3.6 m/s. Metabolic costs of swimming were also predicted based on the power required to overcome the measured drag, with assumed efficiencies from literature values. Both approaches yielded very similar metabolic rates and aerobic efficiencies. The metabolic rate was determined to be approximately 29 ml O₂min kg for a Steller sea lion swimming at 2.0 m/s, and 45 ml 0₂/min kg at a velocity of 3.5 m/s. Drag measurements provide a means to estimate the energetic costs of swimming over a range of natural velocities. This approach has applications for the modeling of pinniped energy budgets which are a necessary component of research projects aimed at investigating the decline of the endangered Steller sea lions.
title: Female Labour Force Participation in Arab Countries: The Role of Identity
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Caris, Tobias
name: Hayo, Bernd
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2012
Subjects: Identity
Female labour market participation
Islam
Economics
Wirtschaft
Arab region
Religion

description: We investigate why female labour market participation is low in the Arab region. Utilising Akerlof and Kranton’s (2000) ‘identity economics’ approach, we show in a simple gametheoretic framework that women socialised in a traditional family environment violate their identities by taking a job. In the empirical analysis, we study the respective impact of two determinants of identity in the Arab region, Islam and cultural tradition. Employing two waves of the World Values Survey, we find significant evidence that identity affects female labour market participation. Moreover, our estimates suggest that in the Arab region, Muslim women do not participate in the labour market less than non-Muslim women, whereas those with strong traditional identities have a 7 percentage point lower probability of entering the labour market.
title: Policy Deviations, Uncertainty, and the European Court of Justice
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Hefeker, Carsten
name: Neugart, Michael
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2013
Subjects: uncertainty
directives
legal process
court behavior
European Union law
European Court of Justice
compliance
Economics
Wirtschaft
European Commission

description: The implementation of European Union directives into national law is at the discretion of member states. We analyze incentives for member states to deviate from these directives when the European Commsision may sue a defecting member state and rulings at the European Court of Justice (ECJ) are uncertain. We find that higher uncertainty about the preferences of the ECJ increases policy deviation, irrespective of whether a case is taken to court or not. If decisions of member states to deviate are interdependent, the incidence of filed cases decreases while for those policies reaching the ECJ deviations increase.
title: Estimating the Portfolio-Balance Effects of the Bank of Canada’s Government of Canada Bond Purchase Program
Creators: name: Diez de los Rios, Antonio
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/05cc98565
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: I propose a novel dynamic portfolio-balance model of the yield curve for Government of Canada bonds to evaluate the portfolio-balance effects of the Bank of Canada’s Government of Canada Bond Purchase Program. My results suggest that this program, launched on March 27, 2020, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, lowered the weighted average maturity of the Government of Canada’s debt by approximately 1.4 years. This in turn reduced Canadian 10-year and 5-year zero-coupon yields by 84 and 52 basis points, respectively
description: Je propose un nouveau modèle de portefeuille dynamique de la courbe de rendement des obligations du gouvernement du Canada pour évaluer les effets de portefeuille du Programme d’achat d’obligations du gouvernement du Canada de la Banque du Canada. Les résultats obtenus indiquent que ce programme, lancé le 27 mars 2020 en réponse à la pandémie de COVID-19, a permis d’abaisser l’échéance moyenne pondérée de la dette du gouvernement canadien d’environ 1,4 an. Cela a entraîné du même coup une diminution du rendement des obligations coupon zéro à dix ans et à cinq ans de 84 et 52 points de base, respectivement.
Letter from J. E. [John Edgar] McAllister to Mr. [James] Goldie, September 25, 1916
Creators: name: McAllister, John Edgar
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Letter to Mr. [James] Goldie from J. E. [John Edgar] McAllister, dated September 25, 1916, regarding Bellevue and R. A. Lambert's possible departure from the company.
Diffraction limited optics for single atom manipulation
Creators: name: Sortais, Y. R. P.
name: Marion, H.
name: Tuchendler, C.
name: Lance, A. M.
name: Lamare, M.
name: Fournet, P.
name: Armellin, C.
name: Mercier, R.
name: Messin, G.
name: Browaeys, A.
name: Grangier, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an optical system designed to capture and observe a single neutral atom in an optical dipole trap, created by focussing a laser beam using a large numerical aperture N.A.=0.5 aspheric lens. We experimentally evaluate the performance of the optical system and show that it is diffraction limited over a broad spectral range (~ 200 nm) with a large transverse field (+/- 25 microns). The optical tweezer created at the focal point of the lens is able to trap single atoms of 87Rb and to detect them individually with a large collection efficiency. We measure the oscillation frequency of the atom in the dipole trap, and use this value as an independent determination of the waist of the optical tweezer. Finally, we produce with the same lens two dipole traps separated by 2.2 microns and show that the imaging system can resolve the two atoms.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures; typos corrected and references added
Supervised Learning with Projected Entangled Pair States
Creators: name: Cheng, Song
name: Wang, Lei
name: Zhang, Pan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tensor networks, a model that originated from quantum physics, has been gradually generalized as efficient models in machine learning in recent years. However, in order to achieve exact contraction, only tree-like tensor networks such as the matrix product states and tree tensor networks have been considered, even for modeling two-dimensional data such as images. In this work, we construct supervised learning models for images using the projected entangled pair states (PEPS), a two-dimensional tensor network having a similar structure prior to natural images. Our approach first performs a feature map, which transforms the image data to a product state on a grid, then contracts the product state to a PEPS with trainable parameters to predict image labels. The tensor elements of PEPS are trained by minimizing differences between training labels and predicted labels. The proposed model is evaluated on image classifications using the MNIST and the Fashion-MNIST datasets. We show that our model is significantly superior to existing models using tree-like tensor networks. Moreover, using the same input features, our method performs as well as the multilayer perceptron classifier, but with much fewer parameters and is more stable. Our results shed light on potential applications of two-dimensional tensor network models in machine learning.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
title: Regionaler Treibhausgas-Emissionshandel in den USA: Eine umweltökonomische Analyse der Erfahrungen und der Neuerungen in Kalifornien und Neuengland
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Rudolph, Sven
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2013
Subjects: Kalifornien
RGGI
WCI
Economics
Wirtschaft
Emissionshandel
USA
Klimapolitik

description: In den USA, weltweit zweitgrößte Wirtschaftsmacht und gleichzeitig zweitgrößter Emittent von Treibhausgasen, war die Regierungsübernahme durch die Obama-Administration im Jahr 2008 geprägt von großen Hoffnungen nach der klimapolitischen Abstinenz der Bush-Regierung (Moslener/Sturm 2008, Würtenberger 2009). Spätestens im Jahr 2010 wurde diese Hoffnung mit dem Scheitern des American Clean Energy and Security Act (ACESA) aller-dings jäh beendet (Pooley 2010). Auf bundesstaatlicher Ebene waren klimapolitische Vorstö-ße inklusive regionaler Emissionshandelssysteme hingegen nicht nur politisch deutlich erfolg-reicher, sondern sie zeigen sogar teilweise positive Wirkungen. Kalifornien startete soeben sein eigenes Emissionshandelssystem und der Nordosten der USA vollzog eine tiefgreifende Revision der Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI). Vor diesem Hintergrund stellt der vorliegende Beitrag unter Einbeziehung aktuellster Entwicklungen in den USA das Design regionaler Treibhausgas-Emissionshandelssysteme in den USA dar, beschreibt die ersten Er-fahrungen, bewertet das Design der (revidierten) Programme und evaluiert die bisherigen Re-sultate auf der Basis bewährter umweltökonomischer Wirkungs- und Designanalysen (Ru-dolph et al. 2012).
Identification of the Nitrogen Interstitial as Origin of the 3.1 eV Photoluminescence Band in Hexagonal Boron Nitride
Creators: name: Khorasani, E.
name: Frauenheim, T.
name: Aradi, B.
name: Deák, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nitrogen interstitials (N$_\mathrm{i}$) have the lowest formation energy among intrinsic defects of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) under n-type and N-rich conditions. Using an optimized hybrid functional, which reproduces the gap and satisfies the generalized Koopmans condition, an N$_\mathrm{i}$ configuration is found which is lower in energy than the ones reported so far. The (0/-) charge transition level is also much deeper, so N$_\mathrm{i}$ acts as a very efficient compensating center in n-type samples. Its calculated photoluminescence (PL) at 3.0 eV agrees well with the position of an N-sensitive band measured at 3.1 eV. It has been also found that the nitrogen vacancy (V$_\mathrm{N}$) cannot be the origin of the three boron electron (TBC) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) center and in thermal equilibrium it cannot even exist in n-type samples.
description: 7 pager, 3 figures
Low-temperature direct diffusion bonding of Zr702 alloys via electric current assistance
Creators: name: Li, Huaxin
name: Wang, Junjian
name: Guo, Jiejie
name: Wei, Lianfeng
name: He, Yanming
name: Yang, Jianguo
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Integrated zirconium (Zr) alloy fuel claddings require low-temperature and high-efficiency joining technologies for nuclear applications. However, conventional direct-joining technologies make it challenging to satisfy critical requirements at relatively low temperatures in a short time. As a promising alternative, the electric-current-assisted joining (ECAJ) method was studied to reduce the joining temperature and time required for the direct joining process. ECAJ was performed on a spark plasma sintering apparatus, with the specimens assembled with and without graphite dies in the two models. The microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of Zr/Zr joints were investigated at 600 − 900 °C for 1 s to 30 min under a pressure of 30 MPa using different configurations with or without a graphite die. While the joint quality varied with the joining conditions, no significant phase transformation, abnormal grain growth, or preferential orientation was observed at the interface. The maximum shear strength of 404 ± 78 MPa and hardness of 370.9 ± 49.8 HV were achieved at 600 °C for 10 min using a die-less configuration. The joining mechanism was discussed in terms of the potential thermal and electric effects inside the specimen, with the low-temperature joining mechanism attributed to the combined effect of transient overheating and electric-field-accelerated element self-diffusion at the interface, with the latter playing a leading role.
title: A History of Tax Legislation in the Federal Republic of Germany
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Uhl, Matthias
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2013
Subjects: Economics
Wirtschaft

description: This paper presents a historical account of legislated tax changes in the Federal Republic of Germany from 1964 to 2010, thus establishing a database appropriate for the macroeconometric analysis of the fiscal policy transmission mechanism. Ninety-five quantitatively important pieces of tax legislation are identified and characterized along several dimensions: Tax changes are classified as “endogenous” or “exogenous” with regard to current macroeconomic conditions, and their revenue impact and timing is reported. The evolution of tax acts is described, capturing changes in tax measures and associated revenue impacts over the whole legislative process. The exposition is also a comprehensive qualitative description of major tax changes and the motivation behind them over the last four decades.
Evaluation of the Theoretical Uncertainties in the Z to ll Cross Sections at the LHC
Creators: name: Adam, Nadia E.
name: Halyo, Valerie
name: Yost, Scott A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the sources of systematic errors in the measurement of the Z to ll cross-sections at the LHC. We consider the systematic errors in both the total cross-section and acceptance for anticipated experimental cuts. We include the best available analysis of QCD effects at NNLO in assessing the effect of higher order corrections and PDF and scale uncertainties on the theoretical acceptance. In addition, we evaluate the error due to missing NLO electroweak corrections and propose which MC generators and computational schemes should be implemented to best simulate the events.
description: 23 pages, 52 eps figures, LaTeX with JHEP3.cls, epsfig. Added a reference, acknowledgment, and a few clarifying comments. 4/29: Changes in references, minor rewordings and misprint corrections, and one new table (Table 4) comparing CTEQ and MRST PDFs in the NNLO calculation. Version 6 adds email addresses and corrects one reference
Exploring genotypic variations in cotton associated with growth and nitrogen use efficiency
Creators: name: Mahboob, Wajid
name: Sarwar, Nadeem
name: Bin Abdul Hafeez, Osama
name: Arif, Mian Abdur Rehman
name: Akhtar, Muhammad
name: Yang, Guozheng
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Low nitrogen (N) is a major limitation of cotton sustainability and productivity. N-efficient genotype cultivation can enhance productivity under the economical N usage. This study was conducted to characterize 15 cotton genotypes for N use efficiency (NUE) under differential N (0.0125 and 0.125 g kg−1 of sand) supply. All studied traits significantly responded to genotypes and N treatments. Under low N conditions, plants experienced reduced seedling height, root weight, shoot weight and total biomass (TDM) production, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic efficiency, NPK content, and N uptake efficiency (NUpE). Thus, intercellular CO2 concentration, photosynthetic N use efficiency (PNUE), and NUtE enhanced in low N supply, although these changes varied in magnitude. Based on variations in TDM production (14.6–33.1%) and NUtE (3.3–20.4%), GH-Uhad, FH-Anmol, FH-Super, GH-Haadi, and SLH-Chandani were categorized as efficient and responsive (ER), while J-7, CIM-343, FH-155, FH-492, FH-444 found as inefficient and non-responsive. The efficient and non-responsive group contained FH-142, GH-Baghdadi, and FH-490 whereas FH-152 and Cyto-179 were classified as inefficient and responsive. The scoring method provided further insight into genotypic NUE related to biomass distribution, photosynthetic rate (Pn), NUpE, and NUtE under low N. The highest cumulative score (15-18) of ER genotypes for these attributes indicated selected traits orchestrated to determine the NUE. Moreover, agronomical and NUE-related traits were positively associated with Pn, suggesting that photosynthesis is a primary manipulator of plant growth which coordinates biomass production and NUE. Overall, cultivars exhibited greater genotypic variation for NUE, providing a scientific basis to evaluate the existing germplasm and proposing that cultivation of N-efficient genotypes can decrease N application and help cotton breeding for sustainable production.
title: Impacts of Parental Health Shocks on Children’s Non-Cognitive Skills
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Westermeier, Franz
name: Morefield, Brant
name: Mühlenweg, Andreas M.
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2013
Subjects: non-cognitive skills
Human capital
health
Economics
Wirtschaft

description: We examine how parental health shocks affect children’s non-cognitive skills.
Based on a German mother-and-child data base, we draw on significant changes in selfreported parental health as an exogenous source of health variation to identify effects on outcomes for children at ages of three and six years. At the age of six, we observe that maternal health shocks in the previous three years have significant negative effects on children’s behavioral outcomes. The most serious of these maternal health shocks decrease the observed non-cognitive skills up to half a standard deviation. Paternal health does not robustly affect non-cognitive outcomes.
The updated BaSTI stellar evolution models and isochrones: II. alpha-enhanced calculations
Creators: name: Pietrinferni, A.
name: Hidalgo, S. L.
name: Cassisi, S.
name: Salaris, M.
name: Savino, A.
name: Mucciarelli, A.
name: Verma, D.
name: Aguirre, V. Silva
name: Aparicio, A.
name: Ferguson, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is the second paper of a series devoted to present an updated release of the BaSTI ( a Bag of Stellar Tracks and Isochrones) stellar model and isochrone library. Following the publication of the updated solar scaled library, here we present the library for a $α-$enhanced heavy element distribution. These new alpha-enhanced models account for all improvements and updates in the reference solar metal distribution and physics inputs, as in the new solar scaled library. The models cover a mass range between 0.1 and $15~M_{\odot}$, 18 metallicities between [Fe/H]=-3.20 and +0.06 with [alpha/Fe]=+0.4 , and a helium to metal enrichment ratio Delta{Y}Δ{Z}=1.31. For each metallicity, He-enhanced stellar models are also provided. The isochrones cover (typically) an age range between 20Myr and 14.5Gyr, including consistently the pre-main sequence phase. Asteroseismic properties of the theoretical models have also been calculated. Models and isochrones have been compared with results from independent calculations, with the previous BaSTI release, and also with selected observations, to test the accuracy/reliability of these new calculations. All stellar evolution tracks, asteroseismic properties and isochrones are made publicly available at http://basti-iac.oa-teramo.inaf.it
description: 24 pages, 18 figures, The Astrophysical Journal, in press
title: Differential market entry determinants for for-profit and non-profit long-term care providers
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Nakazawa, Katsuyoshi
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2013
Subjects: Economics
Wirtschaft
Non profit
SUR
Entry
Long term at home care
For profit

description: This study considers market entry determinants for both for profit and non profit at home long term care providers in Japan. It examines market structure incentives and barriers to entry using a panel dataset of 48 Japanese municipalities for the 2003 2011 period. Estimation results show that for profits and non profits face different determinants of entry. Potential for profit entrants are sensitive to profit considerations and therefore adapt to the market structure and clear barriers to entry. However, potential non profits with preferential tax treatment and the constraint of non distribution of profits enter disadvantaged municipalities. Both profits and non profits have become integrated in Japanese at home care markets.
title: Cost Inefficiency of Municipalities after Amalgamation
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Nakazawa, Katsuyoshi
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2013
Subjects: Municipality amalgamation
Cost inefficiency
Stacastic frontier analysis
Slack cost
Japan
Economics
Wirtschaft

description: This paper focuses on the increase in slack costs due to municipality amalgamation, which is pushed forward in several countries to achieve economies of scale. Employing the stochastic frontier cost function to estimate the inefficiency of local public expenditure due to slack, this study investigated 479 Japanese municipalities that had amalgamated from 2000 to 2005. This work used the technical inefficiency variable “Number of municipalities that participated in an amalgamation” and a dummy variable for “The newly-established-municipality form of amalgamation.” Results show that these variables have an impact on the cost inefficiency of local public expenditure. Average efficiency scores in the two estimations carried out were 1.145 and 1.100. The estimation results showed that municipality amalgamation produces integration costs (slack) in an administrative organization. The degree of slack depends on the form of amalgamation.
Potential of producing organic lettuce seedlings without peat using agricultural and agro-industrial compost
Creators: name: Mahmoud, Ahmed M. A.
name: Mohamed, Yahia
name: El-Helaly, Mostafa A.
name: Afifi, Mohamed M. I.
name: El-Tawashy, Mohamed K. F.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Peat is an unrenewable resource. Compost can partially replace peat in the growing seedling substrates due to its high electrical conductivity (EC), bulk density (BD), and pH. This study aimed to assess the potential of substituting peat for seedling substrate with compost made from a mixture of agricultural and agro-industrial wastes. Four compost piles (C1–C4) were constructed as follows: C1: a 1:1:1.5 weight ratio mixture of filter mud, mushroom waste, and date-palm fronds, while C2–C4: a 0.5:1 weight ratio mixture of either bagasse, cutting grassland, or date-palm fronds and cattle dung. After four months of decomposition, the compost’s physical, chemical, and biological properties were estimated in comparison to commercial compost (CC), peatmoss (PM), and their ideal ranges (IR) for seed germination and seedling growth. Composts differed significantly in their physical and chemical properties. Some composts revealed property values within the IR. In comparison to PM, Composts have a lower C/N ratio and organic matter, along with higher BD, EC, and pH. Cattle manure enhanced organic matter and carbon, total nitrogen and potassium, and ammonium levels, and reduced ash levels in C2–C4 compared to filter mud in C1. In winter 2018 and 2019, C1–C4 substrates were compared with CC and PM substrates to determine their suitability for producing crisp lettuce ‘Big Bell’ seedlings under plastic-house conditions. Substrates had significant effects on lettuce seedling traits. Shoots of C2–C4 substrate seedlings grew more rapidly than those of other substrate seedlings due to the increased length and diameter of their stem and leaf area.
Neutralino dark matter in the MSSM with CP violation
Creators: name: Belanger, G.
name: Boudjema, F.
name: Kraml, S.
name: Pukhov, A.
name: Semenov, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the MSSM, the presence of CP phases can have a significant impact on the neutralino relic abundance. These phase effectsare on the one hand due to shifts in the masses, on the other hand due to modifications of the couplings. Typical variations in Omega h^2 solely from modifications in the couplings are of order 10%-100%.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, presented at The Dark side of the universe, June 2006, Madrid, Spain
Listener Modeling and Context-aware Music Recommendation Based on Country Archetypes
Creators: name: Schedl, Markus
name: Bauer, Christine
name: Reisinger, Wolfgang
name: Kowald, Dominik
name: Lex, Elisabeth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Music preferences are strongly shaped by the cultural and socio-economic background of the listener, which is reflected, to a considerable extent, in country-specific music listening profiles. Previous work has already identified several country-specific differences in the popularity distribution of music artists listened to. In particular, what constitutes the "music mainstream" strongly varies between countries. To complement and extend these results, the article at hand delivers the following major contributions: First, using state-of-the-art unsupervised learning techniques, we identify and thoroughly investigate (1) country profiles of music preferences on the fine-grained level of music tracks (in contrast to earlier work that relied on music preferences on the artist level) and (2) country archetypes that subsume countries sharing similar patterns of listening preferences. Second, we formulate four user models that leverage the user's country information on music preferences. Among others, we propose a user modeling approach to describe a music listener as a vector of similarities over the identified country clusters or archetypes. Third, we propose a context-aware music recommendation system that leverages implicit user feedback, where context is defined via the four user models. More precisely, it is a multi-layer generative model based on a variational autoencoder, in which contextual features can influence recommendations through a gating mechanism. Fourth, we thoroughly evaluate the proposed recommendation system and user models on a real-world corpus of more than one billion listening records of users around the world (out of which we use 369 million in our experiments) and show its merits vis-a-vis state-of-the-art algorithms that do not exploit this type of context information.
description: 30 pages, 3 tables, 12 figures
Testing the Jeans, Toomre and Bonnor-Ebert concepts for planetesimal formation: 3D streaming instability simulations of diffusion regulated formation of planetesimals
Creators: name: Klahr, Hubert
name: Schreiber, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform streaming instability simulations at Hill density and beyond, to demonstrate that Planetesimal formation is not completed when pebble accumulations exceed the local Hill density. We find that Hill density is not a sufficient criterion for further gravitational collapse of a pebble cloud into a planetesimal, but that additionally the accumulated mass has to be large enough to overcome turbulent diffusion. A Toomre analysis of the system indicates that linear self-gravity modes play no role on the scale of our numerical simulation. We nevertheless find that self-gravity, by vertically contracting the pebble layer, increases the strength of turbulence, which is either an indication of Kelvin Helmholtz Instability or a boost of the streaming-instability. We furthermore determine the Bonnor-Ebert central density to which a pebble cloud of given mass has to be compressed before it would be able to continue contraction against internal diffusion. As the equivalent "solid body" size of the pebble cloud scales with the central density to the power of -1/6, it is much easier to have a pebble cloud of 100 km equivalent size to collapse than one of 10 km for the same level of turbulent diffusion. This can explain the lack of small bodies in the solar system and predicts to have small objects formed by gravitational collapse at large pebble to gas ratios, in the outskirts of the solar nebula and at late times of generally reduced gas mass.
description: 28 pages, 7 figures, ApJ in press (updated citation list and minus some typos)