Cymaenes melaporphyrus Zhang & Cong & Grishin 2023, new species
Creators: name: Zhang, Jing
name: Cong, Qian
name: Grishin, Nick V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Hesperiidae
Cymaenes
Cymaenes melaporphyrus

description: Cymaenes melaporphyrus Grishin, new species   
https://zoobank.org/ 48D8BE5E-3F74-4EA4-948F-F9D60BB59FFC  
(Fig. 6 part, 155–156, 382–383)  
 Definition and diagnosis. Phylogenetic trees reveal that specimens from Mexico and Guatemala identified as Cymaenes laureolus (Schaus, 1913) (type locality in Costa Rica, holotype sequenced as NVG-15109B05) are not monophyletic with it and show prominent genetic differentiation from it in the Z chromosome (Fig. 6), although their COI barcodes differ by only 0.9% (6 bp), and therefore represent a new species. This new species keys to Cymaenes laureolus laureolus (J.27.6(a)) in Evans (1955) but differs from it by better developed white subapical spots on forewing and more prominent pale areas on ventral hindwing that are tinted with purplish brown rather than plain brown (Fig. 155–156), valva is broader, more square, and teeth on the harpe are more prominent (Fig. 382–383). Due to the cryptic nature of this species, most reliable identification is achieved by DNA and a combination of the following base pairs is diagnostic in the nuclear genome: aly1249.14.4:C96T, aly1249.14.4:A147G, aly527.6.11:A63G, aly594.19.2:C72T, aly3936.3.3:C88T, and does not consistently differ from its close relatives in COI barcode.   
 Barcode sequence of the holotype. Sample NVG-7249, GenBank OR837692, 658 base pairs: AACTTTATATTTTATTTTTGGAATTTGAGCCGGAATATTAGGAACATCTTTAAGTTTATTAATTCGAACAGAATTAGGTAATCCAGGTTCTCTAATT GGAGATGATCAAATTTATAATACTATTGTAACAGCTCATGCTTTTATTATAATTTTTTTTATAGTTATACCTATTATAATTGGAGGATTTGGTAATT GATTAGTTCCCCTAATATTAGGAGCTCCTGATATAGCATTTCCACGAATAAATAATATAAGATTTTGAATATTGCCTCCTTCTTTAATACTATTAAT TTCAAGAAGAATTGTAGAAAATGGTGCAGGAACTGGTTGAACTGTTTATCCTCCTCTTTCTTCTAATATTGCTCACCAAGGAGCTTCAGTTGATTTA GCAATTTTTTCTCTTCATTTAGCAGGTATTTCTTCTATTCTAGGAGCTATTAATTTTATTACTACAATTATTAATATACGAGTTAGAAATTTATCAT TTGATCAAATACCCCTATTTGTTTGATCAGTTGGAATTACAGCTTTATTATTACTTTTATCTTTACCTGTATTAGCAGGTGCTATTACTATACTTTT AACTGATCGAAATTTAAATACTTCATTTTTTGACCCTGCTGGAGGAGGAGATCCTATTTTATATCAACATTTATTT   
 Type material. Holotype: ♂ deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA (USNM), illustrated in Fig. 155–156, bears the following six rectangular labels, five white: [Mex: S.L.P. La Mera Ceiba | 13 July 1990 - el. 700′ | John Kemner], [Cymaenes ♂ | laureolus | Schaus | Det. H.A. Freeman], [DNA sample ID: | NVG-7249 | c/o Nick V. Grishin], [genitalia | NVG161005-76 | Nick V. Grishin], [USNMENT | {QR Code} | 01321097], and one red [HOLOTYPE ♂ | Cymaenes | melaporphyrus Grishin]. Paratypes: 2♂♂ AMNH: NVG-15111G01 Mexico: Veracruz, Coatepec, Jun-1917; NVG-15111G05 Guatemala: Alta Verapaz, Municipio San Cristobal Verapaz, Baleu,> 1350 m, 14-Jun-1966, E. C. Welling leg.   
 Type locality. Mexico: San Luis Potosí, La Mera Ceiba, elevation 700 ft.   
 Etymology. In Greek, μελανό (melano) means dark, and πορφύρα (porphyra) means purple. The name is given for the purplish sheen of the ventral hindwing in this dark-brown species and is an adjective.   
 Distribution. Currently known from Mexico and Guatemala.
description: Published as part of Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian & Grishin, Nick V., 2023, Supplementary Materials and Appendix, pp. 1-115 in Insecta Mundi 2023 (26) on pages 63-64, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10396362