cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Testing the Strong Equivalence Principle: Detection of the External Field Effect in Rotationally Supported Galaxies
Creators: name: Chae, Kyu-Hyun
name: Lelli, Federico
name: Desmond, Harry
name: McGaugh, Stacy S.
name: Li, Pengfei
name: Schombert, James M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The strong equivalence principle (SEP) distinguishes General Relativity from other viable theories of gravity. The SEP demands that the internal dynamics of a self-gravitating system under free-fall in an external gravitational field should not depend on the external field strength. We test the SEP by investigating the external field effect (EFE) in Milgromian dynamics (MOND), proposed as an alternative to dark matter in interpreting galactic kinematics. We report a detection of this EFE using galaxies from the Spitzer Photometry and Accurate Rotation Curves (SPARC) sample together with estimates of the large-scale external gravitational field from an all-sky galaxy catalog. Our detection is threefold: (1) the EFE is individually detected at $8σ$ to $11σ$ in "golden" galaxies subjected to exceptionally strong external fields, while it is not detected in exceptionally isolated galaxies, (2) the EFE is statistically detected at more than $4σ$ from a blind test of 153 SPARC rotating galaxies, giving a mean value of the external field consistent with an independent estimate from the galaxies' environments, and (3) we detect a systematic downward trend in the weak gravity part of the radial acceleration relation at the right acceleration predicted by the EFE of the MOND modified gravity. Tidal effects from neighboring galaxies in the $Λ$CDM context are not strong enough to explain these phenomena. They are not predicted by existing $Λ$CDM models of galaxy formation and evolution, adding a new small-scale challenge to the $Λ$CDM paradigm. Our results point to a breakdown of the SEP, supporting modified gravity theories beyond General Relativity.
description: ApJ (published), 14 figures, 2 tables (several environmental gravitational fields corrected, Table 2 indexing error fixed, and Figs 5 & 6 revised from an Erratum accepted for publication)
An Economic Evaluation of Beneficial Management Practices for Crop Nutrients in Canadian Agriculture
Creators: name: Sparling, Beth
name: Brethour, Cher
name: Sparling, Beth
name: Brethour, Cher
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: Environmental risk management is the process of measuring and/or assessing environmental risk and developing strategies to manage it. One strategy used in Canadian agriculture to manage environmental risk is the implementation of beneficial management practices (BMPs). This paper provides a summary of a larger research project which explored farm profitability before and after participation in beneficial management practices, specifically those related to crop nutrients. Based on producer perceptions and the assumptions used in this analysis, the results of this study indicate that the majority of the selected BMPs, including soil testing, minimum tillage, no-till and nutrient management planning, improved profitability for the representative farms. The profitability of farms using variable rate fertilization depended on the crop grown and the province in which the BMP was practiced. In all cases, the models suggested that buffer strips reduced expected net revenue. To maximize profitability, a producer needs to consider all aspects of their farm. Prosperity will depend not only on applying best practices to their operation, but to the environment as well.
Strong Orientation Effects in Ionization of H$_2^+$ by Short, Intense, High-Frequency Light Sources
Creators: name: Selsto, S.
name: Forre, M.
name: Hansen, J. P.
name: Madsen, L. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present three dimensional time-dependent calculations of ionization of arbitrarily spatially oriented H$_2^+$ by attosecond, intense, high-frequency laser fields. The ionization probability shows a strong dependence on both the internuclear distance and the relative orientation between the laser field and the internuclear axis.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Generalized Number Derivatives
Creators: name: Stay, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We generalize the concept of a number derivative, and examine one particular instance of a deformed number derivative for finite field elements. We find that the derivative is linear when the deformation is a Frobenius map and go on to examine some of its basic properties.
Effects of nonstandard interaction on temporal and spatial correlations in neutrino oscillations
Creators: name: Sarkar, Trisha
name: Dixit, Khushboo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Effects of physics beyond the standard model in the neutrino sector are conveniently incorporated through non-standard interaction parameters. Assuming new physics in the form of dimension-6 vector operators, a recent global analysis of neutrino oscillation data including results from COHERENT experiment suggests two favorable new physics scenarios. These are LMA-Light (with normal mass ordering) \& LMA-Dark (with inverted mass ordering) sectors of parameters. In this work, we study the effects of new physics solutions on Leggett-Garg-type (LGtI) inequality which quantifies temporal correlations in the system along with flavor entropy and genuine tripartite entanglement which can be considered as measures of spatial correlations. We show that the violation of LGtI for $ν_μ$ energy around 3 GeV in the DUNE experimental set-up can not only be an indication of presence of new physics but such a new physics is expected to be in the form of LMA-Dark sector with inverted ordering. Further, we show that the LMA-Light solution, in general, decreases the values of all measures of quantum correlations in comparison to their SM predictions. On the other hand, the Dark solution can significantly enhance the values of these measures.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Cell-type-specific regulation of APOE and CLU levels in human neurons by the Alzheimer's disease risk gene SORL1
Creators: name: Lee, Hyo
name: Aylward, Aimee J
name: Pearse, Richard V
name: Lish, Alexandra M
name: Hsieh, Yi-Chen
name: Augur, Zachary M
name: Benoit, Courtney R
name: Chou, Vicky
name: Knupp, Allison
name: Pan, Cheryl
name: Goberdhan, Srilakshmi
name: Duong, Duc M
name: Seyfried, Nicholas T
name: Bennett, David A
name: Taga, Mariko F
name: Huynh, Kevin
name: Arnold, Matthias
name: Meikle, Peter
name: De Jager, Philip L
name: Menon, Vilas
name: Young, Jessica E
name: Young-Pearse, Tracy L
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 31
subject: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
classificationCode: 3209
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: SORL1 is implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) through genetic studies. To interrogate the roles of SORL1 in human brain cells, SORL1-null induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were differentiated to neuron, astrocyte, microglial, and endothelial cell fates. Loss of SORL1 leads to alterations in both overlapping and distinct pathways across cell types, with the greatest effects in neurons and astrocytes. SORL1 loss induces a neuron-specific reduction in apolipoprotein E (APOE) and clusterin (CLU) and altered lipid profiles. Analyses of iPSCs derived from a large cohort reveal a neuron-specific association between SORL1, APOE, and CLU levels, a finding validated in postmortem brain. Enhancement of retromer-mediated trafficking rescues tau phenotypes observed in SORL1-null neurons but does not rescue APOE levels. Pathway analyses implicate transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)/SMAD signaling in SORL1 function, and modulating SMAD signaling in neurons alters APOE RNA levels in a SORL1-dependent manner. Taken together, these data provide a mechanistic link between strong genetic risk factors for AD.
Seeing zeros of random polynomials: quantized vortices in the ideal Bose gas
Creators: name: Castin, Yvan
name: Hadzibabic, Zoran
name: Stock, Sabine
name: Dalibard, Jean
name: Stringari, Sandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a physical system allowing one to experimentally observe the distribution of the complex zeros of a random polynomial. We consider a degenerate, rotating, quasi-ideal atomic Bose gas prepared in the lowest Landau level. Thermal fluctuations provide the randomness of the bosonic field and of the locations of the vortex cores. These vortices can be mapped to zeros of random polynomials, and observed in the density profile of the gas.
description: 4 pages
[Elicitation session in pairs]
Creators: name: Palacio, Philip Tim
name: Cibelli, Emily
name: Sheil, Christine
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: cab

description: 6 WAV, 6 TextGrid, and 6 TXT files.
Primary elicitors: 01, 02, 04 = Cibelli; 03, 05, 06 = Sheil. Recorded on Livescribe Echo Smartpen. Livescribe audio quality will be poorer, and breaks in files will be at unexpected points (as some correspond to pages in a notebook rather than a switch in elicitor).
Basic Garifuna words and phrases (ESC_CMS_01, ESC_CMS_02, ESC_CMS_04).
Short sentences (ESC_CMS_03, ESC_CMS_05).
Questions (ESC_CMS_03, ESC_CMS_05, ESC_CMS_06).
How to play two-players restricted quantum games with 10 cards
Creators: name: Aerts, Diederik
name: Amira, Haroun
name: D'Hooghe, Bart
name: Posiewnik, Andrzej
name: Pykacz, Jaroslaw
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that it is perfectly possible to play 'restricted' two-players, two-strategies quantum games proposed originally by Marinatto and Weber having as the only equipment a pack of 10 cards. The 'quantum board' of such a model of these quantum games is an extreme simplification of 'macroscopic quantum machines' proposed by one of the authors in numerous papers that allow to simulate by macroscopic means various experiments performed on two entangled quantum objects
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Enrichment of the dust-to-gas mass ratio in Bondi/Jeans accretion/cloud systems due to unequal changes in dust and gas incoming velocities
Creators: name: Bellan, P. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ratio of the Bondi and Jeans lengths is used to develop a cloud-accretion model that describes both an inner Bondi-type regime where gas pressure is balanced by the gravity of a central star and an outer Jeans-type regime where gas pressure is balanced by gas self-gravity. The gas density profile provided by this model makes a smooth transition from a wind-type inner solution to a Bonnor-Ebert type outer solution. It is shown that high-velocity dust impinging on this cloud will tend to pile-up due to having a different velocity profile than gas so that the dust-to-gas ratio is substantially enriched above the 1% ISM level.
description: 26 pages, 2 figures
Optimal Forest Strategies for Addressing Tradeoffs and Uncertainty in Economic Development under Old-Growth Constraints
Creators: name: Krcmar, Emina
name: Eagle, Alison J.
name: Van Kooten, G. Cornelis
name: Krcmar, Emina
name: Eagle, Alison J.
name: Van Kooten, G. Cornelis
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: forest-dependent aboriginal communities
subject: boreal forest
subject: compromise and fuzzy programming
subject: sustainability and uncertainty

description: In Canada, governments have historically promoted economic development in rural regions by promoting exploitation of natural resources, particularly forests. Forest resources are an economic development driver in many of the more than 80% of native communities located in forest regions. But forests also provide aboriginal people with cultural and spiritual values, and non-timber forest amenities (e.g., biodiversity, wildlife harvests for meat and fur, etc.), that are incompatible with timber exploitation. Some cultural and other amenities can only be satisfied by maintaining a certain amount of timber in an old-growth state. In that case, resource constraints might be too onerous to satisfy development needs. We employ compromise programming and fuzzy programming to identify forest management strategies that best compromise between development and other objectives, applying our models to an aboriginal community in northern Alberta. In addition to describing how mathematical programming techniques can be applied to regional development and forest management, we conclude from the analysis that no management strategy is able to satisfy all of the technical, environmental and social/cultural constraints and, at the same time, offer aboriginal peoples forest-based economic development. Nonetheless, we demonstrate that extant forest management policies can be improved upon.
Structural properties and cation ordering in layered hexagonal CaxCoO2
Creators: name: Yang, H. X.
name: Shi, Y. G.
name: Liu, X.
name: Xiao, R. J.
name: Tian, H. F.
name: Li, J. Q.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A series of CaxCoO2 (0.15 <= x <= 0.40) materials have been prepared by means of ion exchange reaction from NaxCoO2. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements revealed a rich variety of structural phenomena resulting from cation ordering, structural distortion and twinning. Systematical structural analysis, in combination with the experimental data of NaxCoO2 (0.15 <= x <= 0.8) and SrxCoO2 (1.5 <= x <= 0.4) systems, suggests that there are two common well-defined cation ordered states corresponding respectively to the orthorhombic superstructure at around x = 1/2 and the 31/2a31/2a superstructure at around x = 1/3 in this kind of system. Multiple ordered states, phase separation, and incommensurate structural modulations commonly appear in the materials with 0.33 < x < 0.5. The TEM observations also reveals an additional periodic structural distortion with q2 = a* / 2 in materials for x <= 0.35. This structural modulation also appears in the remarkable superconducting phase Na0.33CoO2 1.3H2O.
description: 22 pages, 6 figures
Nodal structure of quasi-2D superconductors probed by magnetic field
Creators: name: Vorontsov, A.
name: Vekhter, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a quasi two-dimensional superconductor with line nodes in an in-plane magnetic field, and compute the dependence of the specific heat, $C$, and the in-plane heat conductivity, $κ$, on the angle between the field and the nodal direction in the vortex state. We use a variation of the microscopic Brandt-Pesch-Tewordt method that accounts for the scattering of quasiparticles off vortices, and analyze the signature of the nodes in $C$ and $κ$. At low to moderate fields the specific heat anisotropy changes sign with increasing temperature. Comparison with measurements of $C$ and $κ$ in CeCoIn$_5$ resolves the contradiction between the two in favor of the $d_{x^2-y^2}$ gap.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Acceleration of weakly collisional solar-type winds
Creators: name: Zouganelis, I.
name: Meyer-Vernet, N.
name: Landi, S.
name: Maksimovic, M.
name: Pantellini, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the basic properties of the solar wind, that is the high speed of the fast wind, is still not satisfactorily explained. This is mainly due to the theoretical difficulty of treating weakly collisional plasmas. The fluid approach implies that the medium is collision dominated and that the particle velocity distributions are close to Maxwellians. However the electron velocity distributions observed in the solar wind depart significantly from Maxwellians. Recent kinetic collisionless models (called exospheric) using velocity distributions with a suprathermal tail have been able to reproduce the high speeds of the fast solar wind. In this letter we present new developments of these models by generalizing them over a large range of corona conditions. We also present new results obtained by numerical simulations that include collisions. Both approaches calculate the heat flux self-consistently without any assumption on the energy transport. We show that both approaches - the exospheric and the collisional one - yield a similar variation of the wind speed with the basic parameters of the problem; both produce a fast wind speed if the coronal electron distribution has a suprathermal tail. This suggests that exospheric models contain the necessary ingredients for the powering of a transonic stellar wind, including the fast solar one.
description: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal Letters (accepted: 13 May 2005)
CHET EL INNOVATSION TEXNOLOGIYALARINI PROFESSIONAL TA`LIMDA QO`LLASH
Creators: name: Maxkamova Oltinoy Mirzarahim qizi Gavxaroy Xolmatova Egamberdi qizi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ushbu maqolada professional ta`lim muassasalarida chet el innovatsion texnologiyalaridan foydalanish orqali samaradorlikka erishish shartlari muhokama etiladi.

Kalit so‘zlar: innovatsiya, innovatsion faoliyat, innovatsion jarayonlar, bilimlar iqtisodiyoti.
Oxydative Stress and Aging. Role of mitochondria and the Maillard Reaction.
Creators: name: Ayush, Nyamdavaa
Publisher: name: Journal of International Society of Microbiota
Year: 2016

description: A short review enumerates early life forms and their energy sources, among them oxygen. This element proved efficient for the evolution of a variety of life-forms but its use as an energy-source is complicated by the fact that, a number of its molecular forms are highly toxic. Oxygen based redox processes are important ingredients for a large number of life forms but also ohighly toxic for cells. This ambivalent role of oxygen deserves a detailed analysis, as well as the variety of cellular processes playing a role in its metabolic use and also in its toxic effects, among these the Maillard reaction. Mitochondria as well as hydrodesmosomes   are the site of important redox processes involved in metabolism and also in the production of toxic by-products, among them lipofuscine granules which accumulate with age in cells as for instance in cardio-myocytes. Finally a special case of oxygen toxicity is analyzed, the ischemia-reperfusion process where xanthine-oxydase plays an important role.
description: Journal of International Society of Microbiota, Vol 1, No 1 (2016): Issue 1 - 2016
Flow through time-evolving porous media: swelling and erosion
Creators: name: Matias, André F. V.
name: Coelho, Rodrigo C. V.
name: Andrade, José S.
name: Araújo, Nuno A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The flow through a porous medium strongly depends on the boundary conditions, very often assumed to be static. Here, we consider changes in the medium due to swelling and erosion and extend existing Lattice-Boltzmann models to include both. We study two boundary conditions: a constant pressure drop and a constant flow rate. For a constant flow rate, the steady state depends solely on the erosion dynamics while for a constant pressure drop it depends also on the timescale of swelling. We analyze the competition between swelling and erosion and identify a transition between regimes where either swelling or erosion dominate.
description: 20 pages, 7 figures
THE ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF A FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE OUTBREAK: A REGIONAL ANALYSIS
Creators: name: Pendell, Dustin L.
name: Leatherman, John C.
name: Schroeder, Ted C.
name: Alward, Gregory S.
name: Pendell, Dustin L.
name: Leatherman, John C.
name: Schroeder, Ted C.
name: Alward, Gregory S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: Contagious animal diseases like foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) are often referred to as economic diseases because of the magnitude of economic harm they can cause to producers and to local communities. This study demonstrates the local economic impact of a hypothetical FMD outbreak in southwest Kansas, an area with high density of cattle feeding. The expected (most probable) economic impact of the disease hinges heavily on where the incidence of the disease occurs. If the disease were to occur in a cow-calf herd in the region economic impact is expected to be relatively small compared to if it were introduced simultaneously in five large feedlots in southwest Kansas. Disease surveillance, management strategies, mitigation investment, and overall diligence clearly need to be much greater in concentrated cattle feeding and processing areas at the large feeding operations in the region.
Bucking the bottom line: exploring social accounting and auditing as a tool to develop organizations' social responsibility and accountability
Creators: name: Evans, Heather Ann
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Society's strategy for achieving well being is incompatible with long term global development. The consequences of economic growth and expansion are manifested in severe ecological and social crisis. Structural changes are needed throughout society's institutions to shift the dominant concept and pursuit of progress toward a concept of progress that is based on the development of balanced social, ecological and economic well being. This involves changing roles, responsibilities and accountability of many global institutions and organizations including government, corporations and civil society. Reviews of both dominant theory's (classical theory) and current corporate-led practices' perceptions about corporate social responsibility and accountability elucidate their limitations to motivate or support structural changes, thus prompting the need to explore alternative theories and practices for structural change. Social institution theories and structural change theories are examined as alternatives, as well as alternative practices that build corporate social responsibility. The main objective of the thesis is to explore social accounting as tool for corporations and other organizations to build social responsibility and accountability in society. This objective is explored by studying and analyzing the current practices and theoretical perspectives on social accounting and auditing. Social accounting and auditing principles are applied and further examined by developing a multiple bottom line framework for VanCity Credit Union's Alternative Lending Program. Social accounting and auditing has limited applicability to large corporations since their profit motive prevents their transparency and accountability. The contribution of social accounting and auditing in society is to increase the accountability of some organizations: it allows some corporations with unique social goals to substantiate their claims for social responsibility. Social accounting and auditing is also key in assessing the performance of organizations in the social economy since their social contributions to society are undermined by mainstream bottom line assessment. The role of civil society in advancing social accounting practices is essential. It is concluded that social accounting and auditing should be developed in conjuntion with practices that resist negative outcomes of the growing global economy, as well as in co-ordination with local strategies that strive to develop an economy focused on meeting local needs.
Proof of the Kakeya set conjecture over rings of integers modulo square-free $N$
Creators: name: Dhar, Manik
name: Dvir, Zeev
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A Kakeya set $S \subset (\mathbb{Z}/N\mathbb{Z})^n$ is a set containing a line in each direction. We show that, when $N$ is any square-free integer, the size of the smallest Kakeya set in $(\mathbb{Z}/N\mathbb{Z})^n$ is at least $C_{n,ε} N^{n - ε}$ for any $ε$ -- resolving a special case of a conjecture of Hickman and Wright. Previously, such bounds were only known for the case of prime $N$. We also show that the case of general $N$ can be reduced to lower bounding the $\mathbb{F}_p$ rank of the incidence matrix of points and hyperplanes over $(\mathbb{Z}/p^k\mathbb{Z})^n$.
Stability of domain walls coupled to Abelian gauge fields
Creators: name: George, Damien P.
name: Volkas, Raymond R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rozowsky, Volkas and Wali recently found interesting numerical solutions to the field equations for a gauged U1xU1 scalar field model. Their solutions describe a reflection-symmetric domain wall with scalar fields and coupled gauge configurations that interpolate between constant magnetic fields on one side of the wall and exponentially decaying ones on the other side. This corresponds physically to an infinite sheet of supercurrent confined to the domain wall with a linearly rising gauge potential on one side and Meissner suppression on the other. While it was shown that these static solutions satisfied the field equations, their stability was left unresolved. In this paper, we analyse the normal modes of perturbations of the static solutions to demonstrate their perturbative stability.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures
[Elicitation session in pairs]
Creators: name: Palacio, Philip Tim
name: Prendergast, Eric
name: Stark, Tammy
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: cab

description: 6 WAV, 6 TextGrid, and 6 TXT files.
Basic vocabulary (ehp_01, ehp_02).
Elicitation of adpositions (tes_01, tes_02, tes_01_02, tes_01_03).
The strength of nuclear shell effects at N=126 in the r-process region
Creators: name: Farhan, A. R.
name: Sharma, M. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated nuclear shell effects across the magic number N=126 in the region of the r-process path. Microscopic calculations have been performed using the relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov approach within the framework of the RMF theory for isotopic chains of rare-earth nuclei in the r-process region. The Lagrangian model NL-SV1 with the inclusion of the vector self-coupling of omega meson has been employed. The RMF results show that the shell effects at N=126 remain strong and exhibit only a slight reduction in the strength in going from the r-process path to the neutron drip line. This is in striking contrast to a systematic weakening of the shell effects at N=82 in the r-process region predicted earlier in the similar approach. In comparison the shell effects with microscopic-macroscopic mass formulae show a near constancy of shell gaps leading to strong shell effects in the region of r-process path to the drip line. A recent analysis of solar-system r-process abundances in a prompt supernova explosion model using various mass formulae including the recently introduced mass tables based upon HFB approach shows that whilst mass formulae with weak shell effects at N=126 give rise to a spread and an overproduction of nuclides near the third abundance peak at A~190, mass tables with droplet models showing stronger shell effects are able to reproduce the abundance features near the third peak appropriately. In comparison, several analyses of the second r-process peak at A~130 have required weakened shell effects at N=82. Our predictions in the RMF theory with NL-SV1, which exhibit weaker shell effects at N=82 and stronger one at N=126 in the r-process region, support the conjecture that a different nature of the shell effects at the magic numbers may be at play in r-process nucleosynthesis of heavy nuclei.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures; submitted to Physical Review C. Part of this work was presented at Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics II, 20th International Nuclear Physics Divisional Conference of the European Physical Society, at Debrecen, Hungary, May 16-20, 2005
Retinopatia Diabética - Orientações Clínicas 2023
Creators: name: Henriques, José
name: Pessoa, Bernardete
name: Figueira, João
name: Nascimento, João
name: Coelho, João
name: Ferreira, André
name: Rodrigues, Diogo
name: Gonçalves, Luís
name: Medeiros, Marco
name: Rosa, Paulo
name: Silva, Rufino
name: Carneiro, Ângela
Publisher: name: Revista Sociedade Portuguesa de Oftalmologia
Year: 2024

description: Documento: RD-gdl 0010 GER Portugal versão 1.2 Out-2023


(Este Documento esteve em discussão no GER e na SPO até 31 de Outubro de 2023 para recolha de opinião de todos os interessados de forma a melhorar o seu conteúdo e obter o maior consenso possível. A todos os colegas que deram o seu contributo, o grupo de trabalho agradece a colaboração.)
description: Revista Sociedade Portuguesa de Oftalmologia, Vol. 47 (2023): Suplemento 1
Effects of Nutrient Restrictions on Confined Animal Facilities: Insights from a Structural Model
Creators: name: Baerenklau, Kenneth A.
name: Nergis, Nermin
name: Schwabe, Kurt A.
name: Baerenklau, Kenneth A.
name: Nergis, Nermin
name: Schwabe, Kurt A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Ammonia
subject: animal feeding operation
subject: cross-media pollution
subject: dairy
subject: dynamic optimization
subject: groundwater
subject: nitrate
subject: nitrogen
subject: nutrient management plan

description: Nutrient emissions from animal feeding operations continue to degrade water and air quality. New regulations will limit the amounts of nutrients that can be locally applied to land. In this article, a structural-dynamic model of a livestock-crop operation is calibrated with data from a representative farm and is used to predict the effects of nitrogen regulations. Policy simulations clarify the importance of dynamic elements and demonstrate three main results: (1) cost estimates are relatively high; (2) cross-media pollution effects are potentially large; and (3) improved input management appears most promising for reducing both emissions and waste management costs. Implications for policy and future research are discussed.
Note on Frobenius monoidal functors
Creators: name: Day, Brian
name: Pastro, Craig
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: It is well known that strong monoidal functors preserve duals. In this short note we show that a slightly weaker version of functor, which we call "Frobenius monoidal", is sufficient.
description: 8 pages; added new material
Properties of a hypothetical cold pulsar wind in LS~5039
Creators: name: Bosch-Ramon, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: LS~5039 is a powerful gamma-ray binary that probably hosts a non-accreting pulsar. Despite the wealth of data available, the power source of the non-thermal emitter is still unknown. We use a dynamical-radiative numerical model and multiwavelength data to constrain the properties of a pulsar wind that may power the non-thermal emitter in LS~5039. We ran simulations of an ultrarelativistic (low-$B$) cold $e^\pm$-wind that Compton scatters stellar photons and that dynamically interacts with the stellar wind. The effects of energy losses on the unshocked $e^\pm$-wind dynamics, and the geometry of the two-wind contact discontinuity, are computed for different wind models. The predicted unshocked $e^\pm$-wind radiation at periastron, when expected to be highest, is compared to LS~5039 data. The minimum possible radiation from an isotropic cold $e^\pm$-wind overpredicts the X-ray to gamma-ray fluxes at periastron by a factor of $\sim 3$. In the anisotropic wind case X-ray and $\gtrsim 100$ MeV data are not violated by wind radiation if the wind axis is at $\lesssim 20-40^\circ$ from the line of sight (probability of $\lesssim 6-24$\%), depending on the anisotropic wind model, or if the wind Lorentz factor $\in 10^2-10^3$, in which case the wind power can be higher, but it requires $e^\pm$-multiplicities of $\sim 10^6$ and $10^9$ for a $10^{-2}$~s and 10~s pulsar period, respectively. The studied model predicts that a low-$B$ cold pulsar $e^\pm$-wind in LS~5039 should be strongly anisotropic, with either a wind Lorentz factor $\in 10^2-10^3$ and very high multiplicities or with a fine-tuned wind orientation. A low-$B$, cold baryon-dominated wind would be possible, but then the multiplicities should be rather low, while the baryon-to-$e^\pm$ energy transfer should be very efficient at wind termination. A strongly magnetized cold wind seems to be the most favorable (least constrained) option.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, version after proofs, published in Astronomy and Astrophysics (abstract abridged), Eq. 10 corrected
Becher, Werner (hrsg.): Medizinische Ethik in der evangelischen Theologie der Ökumene
Creators: name: Rössler, Dietrich
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 29 Nr. 1 (1980): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 29, Heft 1
title: KernelSHAP-IQ: Weighted Least Square Optimization for Shapley Interactions
Creators: name: Fumagalli, Fabian
name: Muschalik, Maximilian
name: Kolpaczki, Patrick
name: HÜllermeier, Eyke
Publisher: name: PMLR
Year: 2024

description: The Shapley value (SV) is a prevalent approach of allocating credit to machine learning (ML) entities to understand black box ML models. Enriching such interpretations with higher-order interactions is inevitable for complex systems, where the Shapley Interaction Index (SII) is a direct axiomatic extension of the SV. While it is well-known that the SV yields an optimal approximation of any game via a weighted least square (WLS) objective, an extension of this result to SII has been a long-standing open problem, which even led to the proposal of an alternative index. In this work, we characterize higher-order SII as a solution to a WLS problem, which constructs an optimal approximation via SII and k-Shapley values (k-SII). We prove this representation for the SV and pairwise SII and give empirically validated conjectures for higher orders. As a result, we propose KernelSHAP-IQ, a direct extension of KernelSHAP for SII, and demonstrate state-of-the-art performance for feature interactions.
The Role of Consumer Risk Perceptions and Attitudes in Cross Cultural Beef Consumption Changes
Creators: name: Schroeder, Ted C.
name: Tonsor, Glynn T.
name: Pennings, Joost M.E.
name: Mintert, James R.
name: Schroeder, Ted C.
name: Tonsor, Glynn T.
name: Pennings, Joost M.E.
name: Mintert, James R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Cross-culture
subject: risk attitude
subject: risk perception
subject: food safety
subject: beef

description: Beef food safety events have contributed to considerable market volatility, produced varied consumer reactions, created policy debates, sparked heated trade disputes, and generally contributed to beef industry frustrations. Better understanding of the forces causing observed consumer reactions in light of beef food safety events is critical for policy makers and industry participants. We examine whether consumers altered their beef consumption behavior because of their risk aversion and risk perceptions stemming from information about beef food safety in recent years. We use data from a total of 4,000 consumers in the U.S., Canada, Mexico and Japan to estimate a two-stage Probit/double-bounded Tobit modeling framework. Results reveal there are stark differences in risk perceptions and risk aversion regarding beef food safety across consumers in the four countries and that these differences are revealed through different beef consumption behavior. An improved understanding of food safety perceptions and attitudes will enable policy makers and agricultural industries to better anticipate consumers changing consumption behavior, if a food safety event occurs. Consumers from the four countries examined exhibited heterogeneous food safety perceptions and attitudes. Results suggest that food safety management strategies should vary across countries because of identified differences in food safety risk attitudes and risk perceptions.
Construction and Interim Performance Report of Experimental Salt (NaCl) Stabilization of Plant-Mixed, Dense Graded Aggregate
Creators: name: Florence, Robert L.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1968
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: For some time the Department has been interested in building-up and retaining thicknesses of granular base course on rural roads through the use of various stabilizing additives and(or) the use of light asphalt seals or surfacings (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6). These efforts more or less recognize that the "stage construction" concept is frustrated by weather and traffic erosion of unbound and exposed granular base material. Thus, the motive in experimenting with and in utilizing these treatments is to find economical and effective means by which a granular base can be built and retained until such time that a higher type bituminous surface can be constructed upon it.
Phenomenology of a Fluxed MSSM
Creators: name: Allanach, B. C.
name: Brignole, A.
name: Ibanez, L. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the phenomenology of a set of minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) soft terms inspired by flux-induced supersymmetry (SUSY)-breaking in Type IIB string orientifolds. The scheme is extremely constrained with essentially only two free mass parameters: a parameter M, which sets the scale of soft terms, and the mu parameter. After imposing consistent radiative electro-weak symmetry breaking (EWSB) the model depends upon one mass parameter (say, M). In spite of being so constrained one finds consistency with EWSB conditions. We demonstrate that those conditions have two solutions for mu<0, and none for mu>0. The parameter tan beta results as a prediction and is approximately 3-5 for one solution, and 25-40 for the other, depending upon M and the top mass. We examine further constraints on the model coming from b->s gamma, the muon g-2, Higgs mass limits and WMAP constraints on dark matter. The MSSM spectrum is predicted in terms of the single free parameter M. The low tan beta branch is consistent with a relatively light spectrum although it is compatible with standard cosmology only if the lightest neutralino is unstable. The high tan beta branch is compatible with all phenomenological constraints, but has quite a heavy spectrum. We argue that the fine-tuning associated to this heavy spectrum would be substantially ameliorated if an additional relationship mu=-2M were present in the underlying theory.
description: 18 pages, minor revisions
Simulations of Argon Plasma Decay in a Thermionic Converter
Creators: name: Groenewald, R. E.
name: Clark, S.
name: Kannan, A.
name: Scherpelz, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamics of an argon plasma in the gap of a thermionic diode is investigated using particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. The time-averaged diode current, as a function of the relative electrical potential between the electrodes, is studied while the plasma density depletes due to recombination on the electrode surfaces. Simulations were performed in both 1D and 2D and significant differences were observed in the plasma decay between the two cases. Specifically, in 2D it was found that the electrostatic potential gradually changes as the plasma decays, while in 1D fluctuations in the plasma led to large potential fluctuations which changed the plasma decay characteristics relative to the 2D case. This creates significant differences in the time-averaged diode current. Furthermore, it was found that the maximum time-averaged current is collected when the diode voltage is set to the flat-band condition, where the cathode and anode vacuum biases are equal. This suggests a novel technique of measuring the difference in work functions between the cathode and anode in a thermionic converter.
[Elicitation session in pairs]
Creators: name: Palacio, Philip Tim
name: Chen, I-Hsuan
name: Kang, Shinae
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: cab

description: 4 WAV, 4 TextGrid, and 4 TXT files.
Imperatives in Garifuna (ihc_sak_01, ihc_sak_03).
Basic Garifuna words and sentences with negation (ihc_sak_02, ihc_sak_04).
A Multi-wavelength View of the TeV Blazar Markarian 421: Correlated Variability, Flaring, and Spectral Evolution
Creators: name: Blazejowski, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report results from a multi-wavelength monitoring campaign on Mrk 421 over the period of 2003-2004. The source was observed simultaneously at TeV and X-ray energies, with supporting observations frequently carried out at optical and radio wavelengths. The large amount of simultaneous data has allowed us to examine the variability of Mrk 421 in detail. The variabilities are generally correlated between the X-ray and gamma-ray bands, although the correlation appears to be fairly loose. The light curves show the presence of flares with varying amplitudes on a wide range of timescales both at X-ray and TeV energies. Of particular interest is the presence of TeV flares that have no coincident counterparts at longer wavelengths, because the phenomenon seems difficult to understand in the context of the proposed emission models for TeV blazars. We have also found that the TeV flux reached its peak days before the X-ray flux during a giant flare in 2004. Such a difference in the development of the flare presents a further challenge to the emission models. Mrk 421 varied much less at optical and radio wavelengths. Surprisingly, the normalized variability amplitude in optical seems to be comparable to that in radio, perhaps suggesting the presence of different populations of emitting electrons in the jet. The spectral energy distribution (SED) of Mrk 421 is seen to vary with flux, with the two characteristic peaks moving toward higher energies at higher fluxes. We have failed to fit the measured SEDs with a one-zone SSC model; introducing additional zones greatly improves the fits. We have derived constraints on the physical properties of the X-ray/gamma-ray flaring regions from the observed variability (and SED) of the source. The implications of the results are discussed. (Abridged)
description: 32 pages, 12 figures, to appear in ApJ
Dilepton production in microscopic transport theory with in-medium $ρ$-meson spectral function
Creators: name: Larionov, A. B.
name: Mosel, U.
name: von Smekal, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the microscopic GiBUU transport model to calculate dilepton ($e^+e^-$) production in heavy-ion collisions at SIS18 energies focusing on the effect of collisional broadening of the $ρ$-meson. The collisional width of the $ρ$-meson at finite temperature and baryon density in nuclear matter is calculated on the basis of the collision integral of the GiBUU model. A systematic comparison with HADES data on dilepton production in heavy-ion collisions is performed. The collisional broadening of the $ρ$ improves the agreement between theory and experiment for the dilepton invariant-mass distributions near the $ρ$ pole mass and for the excess radiation in Au+Au at $1.23 A$ GeV. We furthermore show that some remaining underprediction of the experimental dilepton spectra in C+C at $1 A$ GeV and Au+Au at $1.23 A$ GeV at intermediate invariant masses $0.2-0.4$ GeV can be accounted for by adjusting the $pn$ bremsstrahlung cross section in a way to agree with the inclusive dilepton spectrum from $dp$ collisions at $1.25 A$ GeV.
description: Relevant result figures replaced, correcting small bug in pion propagation, Conclusions unchanged
The Impact of Increased Ethanol Production on Corn Basis in South Dakota
Creators: name: Olson, Andrea
name: Klein, Nicole L.
name: Taylor, Gary
name: Olson, Andrea
name: Klein, Nicole L.
name: Taylor, Gary
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: A basis model is used to empirically estimate the impact of ethanol production on the South Dakota corn basis on the district and "State" levels. Monthly data is used to estimate basis as a function of futures price, supply, demand, storage, and transportation costs. The independent variables used are corn futures prices, corn production, corn usage for ethanol production, corn usage by cattle, Midwest No. 2 Diesel retail sales prices, storage availability, and unit train transportation The regression results show the impact on corn basis varies by district from $0.04 to $0.27 per bushel, with a "State" impact of $0.24 in 2005. The impact from an additional 40 million gallon per year (MGY) ethanol plant ranges from $0.06 to $0.16 per bushel, with a "State" impact of $0.03. The impact from an additional 100 MGY ethanol plant ranges from $0.16 to $0.40 per bushel, with a "State" impact of $0.08.
Meyers-Herwartz, Christel: Die Rezeption des Antirassimus-Programms in der EKD
Creators: name: Beckmann, Klaus-Martin
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 29 Nr. 1 (1980): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 29, Heft 1