cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Strong coupling effects in near-barrier heavy-ion elastic scattering
Creators: name: Keeley, N.
name: Kemper, K. W.
name: Rusek, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accurate elastic scattering angular distribution data measured at bombarding energies just above the Coulomb barrier have shapes that can markedly differ from or be the same as the expected classical Fresnel scattering pattern depending on the structure of the projectile, the target or both. Examples are given such as 18O + 184W and 16O + 148,152Sm where the expected rise above Rutherford scattering due to Coulomb-nuclear interference is damped by coupling to the target excited states, and the extreme case of 11Li scattering, where coupling to the 9Li + n + n continuum leads to an elastic scattering shape that cannot be reproduced by any standard optical model parameter set. The recent availability of high quality 6He, 11Li and 11Be data provides further examples of the influence that coupling effects can have on elastic scattering. Conditions for strong projectile-target coupling effects are presented with special emphasis on the importance of the beam-target charge combination being large enough to bring about the strong coupling effects. Several measurements are proposed that can lead to further understanding of strong coupling effects by both inelastic excitation and nucleon transfer on near-barrier elastic scattering. A final note on the anomalous nature of 8B elastic scattering is presented as it possesses a more or less normal Fresnel scattering shape whereas one would a priori not expect this due to the very low breakup threshold of 8B. The special nature of 11Li is presented as it is predicted that no matter how far above the Coulomb barrier the elastic scattering is measured, its shape will not appear as Fresnel like whereas the elastic scattering of all other loosely bound nuclei studied to date should eventually do so as the incident energy is increased, making both 8B and 11Li truly "exotic".
description: Review article
MIGNEX Case Study Brief TUN2 - Migration and development dynamics in Redeyef, Tunisia
Creators: name: Kasavan, Camille
name: Azouzi, Safouan
name: Hagen-Zanker, Jessica
name: Carling, Jørgen
Publisher: name: Peace Research Institute Oslo
Year: 2022

description: Redeyef is a marginalised mining town; decades of job cuts and corruption have made local people feel resentful and pessimistic about future livelihood prospects. Migration is seen as a beacon of hope, though the risks and costs can be high.

Key Takeaways

Most people in Redeyef (77%) have family, relatives or friends but only a third of these households receive remittances.

Most young adults would legally migrate abroad if given the chance, but with regular migration pathways becoming less available, unfulfilled migration aspirations remain high.

Irregular migration journeys have become more common, despite the risks. Half of young adults know someone who was deported or forcibly returned to Tunisia.
Inhibition of CaMKII Does Not Attenuate Cardiac Hypertrophy in Mice with Dysfunctional Ryanodine Receptor
Creators: name: Huang, Tai-Qin
name: Pasek, Daniel A.
name: Yamaguchi, Naohiro
name: Chakraborty, Asima
name: Meissner, Gerhard
name: Anderson, Mark E.
name: Gomez, Angela C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: In cardiac muscle, the release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum through ryanodine receptor ion channels (RyR2s) leads to muscle contraction. RyR2 is negatively regulated by calmodulin (CaM) and by phosphorylation of Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). Substitution of three amino acid residues in the CaM binding domain of RyR2 (RyR2-W3587A/L3591D/F3603A, RyR2ADA) impairs inhibition of RyR2 by CaM and results in cardiac hypertrophy and early death of mice carrying the RyR2ADA mutation. To test the cellular function of CaMKII in cardiac hypertrophy, mutant mice were crossed with mice expressing the CaMKII inhibitory AC3-I peptide or the control AC3-C peptide in the myocardium. Inhibition of CaMKII by AC3-I modestly reduced CaMKII-dependent phosphorylation of RyR2 at Ser-2815 and markedly reduced CaMKII-dependent phosphorylation of SERCA2a regulatory subunit phospholamban at Thr-17. However the average life span and heart-to-body weight ratio of Ryr2ADA/ADA mice expressing the inhibitory peptide were not altered compared to control mice. In Ryr2ADA/ADA homozygous mice, AC3-I did not alter cardiac morphology, enhance cardiac function, improve sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ handling, or suppress the expression of genes implicated in cardiac remodeling. The results suggest that CaMKII was not required for the rapid development of cardiac hypertrophy in Ryr2ADA/ADA mice.
The solution of Hutník's open problem
Creators: name: Boczek, Michał
name: Kaluszka, Marek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this note, we give a solution to Problem $9.2$, which was presented by Mesiar and Stupňanová [{\it Open problems from the 12th International Conference on Fuzzy Set Theory and Its Applications}, Fuzzy Sets and Systems (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.fss.2014.07.012]. We show that the class of semicopulas solving Problem $9.2$ contains only the Łukasiewicz t-norm.
description: 3 pages
Enhancing Speech De-identification with LLM-Based Data Augmentation
Creators: name: Dhingra, Priyanshu
name: Satyam, Satyam
name: Veerappan, Chandra Sekar
name: Eng Siong, Chng
name: Tong, Rong
Publisher: name: Singapore Institute of Technology
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 460208
subject: Natural language processing
classificationCode: 460212
subject: Speech recognition

description: This paper addresses the challenge of data scarcity in speech de-identification by introducing a novel, fully automated data augmentation method leveraging large language models. Our approach overcomes the limitations of human annotation, enabling the creation of extensive training datasets. To enhance de-identification performance, we compare pipeline and end-to-end models. While the pipeline approach sequentially applies speech recognition and named entity recognition, the end-to-end model jointly learns these tasks. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our data augmentation strategy and the superiority of the end-to-end model in improving PII detection accuracy and robustness.
Diffusion and transformation kinetics of small Helium clusters in bulk Tungsten
Creators: name: Perez, Danny
name: Vogel, Thomas
name: Uberuaga, Blas P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The production of energy through nuclear fusion poses serious challenges related to the stability and performance of materials in extreme conditions. In particular, the constant bombardment of the walls of the reactor with high doses of He ions is known to lead to deleterous changes in their microstructures. These changes follow from the aggregation of He into bubbles that can grow and blister, potentially leading to the contamination of the plasma, or to the degradation of their mechanical properties. We computationally study the behavior of small clusters of He atoms in W in conditions relevant to fusion energy production. Using a wide range of techniques, we investigate the thermodynamics of the clusters and their kinetics in terms of diffusivity, growth, and breakup, as well as mutation into nano-bubbles. Our study provides the essential ingredients to model the early stages of He exposure leading up to the nucleation of He bubbles.
Escape of Charged Particles Moving around a Weakly Magnetized Kerr Black Hole
Creators: name: Zahrani, A. M. Al
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dynamics and escape of charged particles initially orbiting a weakly magnetized Kerr black hole after they get kicked in the direction normal to the orbit. The case of neutral particles is analysed first and the escape conditions are given analytically. A general analysis of charged particles innermost stable circular orbits (ISCO)s is performed numerically. We then study the charged particles three-dimensional motion and give an effective condition for their escape. We also discuss how the black hole rotation affects the escape of charged particles and the chaoticness in their dynamics.
description: A slightly modified version has been accepted as a Physical Review D article
Strain driven anisotropic magnetoresistance in antiferromagnetic La$_{0.4}$Sr$_{0.6}$MnO$_{3}$
Creators: name: Wong, A. T.
name: Beekman, C.
name: Guo, H.
name: Siemons, W.
name: Gai, Z.
name: Arenholz, E.
name: Takamura, Y.
name: Ward, T. Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effects of strain on antiferromagntic (AFM) single crystal thin films of La$_{1-x}$Sr$_{x}$MnO$_{3}$ (x = 0.6). Nominally unstrained samples have strong magnetoresistance with anisotropic magnetoresistances (AMR) of up to 8%. Compressive strain suppresses magnetoresistance but generates AMR values of up to 63%. Tensile strain presents the only case of a metal-insulator transition and demonstrates a previously unreported AMR behavior. In all three cases, we find evidence of magnetic ordering and no indication of a global ferromagnetic phase transition. These behaviors are attributed to epitaxy induced changes in orbital occupation driving different magnetic ordering types. Our findings suggest that different AFM ordering types have a profound impact on the AMR magnitude and character.
description: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4892420
A $\sim$100 mHz QPO in the X-ray emission from IGR J17361-4441
Creators: name: Bozzo, E.
name: Papitto, A.
name: Ferrigno, C.
name: Belloni, T. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: IGR J17361-4441 was discovered by INTEGRAL undergoing its first detectable X-ray outburst in 2011 and initially classified as an accreting X-ray binary in the globular cluster NGC 6388. A reanalysis of the outburst data collected with INTEGRAL and Swift suggested that the enhanced X-ray emission from IGR J17361-4441 could have been due to a rare tidal disruption event of a terrestrial- icy planet by a white dwarf. In this letter we report on the analysis of XMM-Newton data collected in 2011 during the outburst from IGR J17361-4441. Our analysis revealed the presence of a $\sim$100 mHz quasi-periodic oscillation in the X-ray emission from the source and confirmed the presence of a soft thermal component (kT$\sim$0.08 keV) in its spectrum. We discuss these findings in the context of the different possibilities proposed to explain the nature of IGR J17361-4441.
description: Accepted for publication on A&A Letters
Insights into the Problem of Alarm Fatigue with Physiologic Monitor Devices: A Comprehensive Observational Study of Consecutive Intensive Care Unit Patients
Creators: name: Bai, Yong
name: Zègre-Hemsey, Jessica K.
name: Salas-Boni, Rebeca
name: Ding, Quan
name: Tinoco, Adelita
name: Drew, Barbara J.
name: Hu, Xiao
name: Schindler, Daniel
name: Harris, Patricia
name: Mammone, Tina
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Physiologic monitors are plagued with alarms that create a cacophony of sounds and visual alerts causing “alarm fatigue” which creates an unsafe patient environment because a life-threatening event may be missed in this milieu of sensory overload. Using a state-of-the-art technology acquisition infrastructure, all monitor data including 7 ECG leads, all pressure, SpO2, and respiration waveforms as well as user settings and alarms were stored on 461 adults treated in intensive care units. Using a well-defined alarm annotation protocol, nurse scientists with 95% inter-rater reliability annotated 12,671 arrhythmia alarms.
Energy and particle currents in a driven integrable system
Creators: name: Crivelli, Dawid
name: Prelovšek, Peter
name: Mierzejewski, Marcin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the ratio of the energy and particle currents ($j^E/j^N$) in an integrable one dimensional system of interacting fermions. Both currents are driven by a finite (nonzero) dc electric field. In doped insulators, where the local conserved quantities saturate the so called Mazur bound on the charge stiffness, $j^E/j^N$ agrees with the linear--response theory, even though such agreement may be violated for each current alone. However, in the metallic regime with a non-saturated Mazur bound, the ratio $j^E/j^N$ in a driven system is shown to be much larger than predicted by the linear--response theory.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
Knowledge-Guided Robust MRI Brain Extraction for Diverse Large-Scale Neuroimaging Studies on Humans and Non-Human Primates
Creators: name: Nie, Jingxin
name: Yap, Pew-Thian
name: Shi, Feng
name: Shen, Dinggang
name: Guo, Lei
name: Li, Gang
name: Wang, Yaping
name: Geng, Xiujuan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Accurate and robust brain extraction is a critical step in most neuroimaging analysis pipelines. In particular, for the large-scale multi-site neuroimaging studies involving a significant number of subjects with diverse age and diagnostic groups, accurate and robust extraction of the brain automatically and consistently is highly desirable. In this paper, we introduce population-specific probability maps to guide the brain extraction of diverse subject groups, including both healthy and diseased adult human populations, both developing and aging human populations, as well as non-human primates. Specifically, the proposed method combines an atlas-based approach, for coarse skull-stripping, with a deformable-surface-based approach that is guided by local intensity information and population-specific prior information learned from a set of real brain images for more localized refinement. Comprehensive quantitative evaluations were performed on the diverse large-scale populations of ADNI dataset with over 800 subjects (55∼90 years of age, multi-site, various diagnosis groups), OASIS dataset with over 400 subjects (18∼96 years of age, wide age range, various diagnosis groups), and NIH pediatrics dataset with 150 subjects (5∼18 years of age, multi-site, wide age range as a complementary age group to the adult dataset). The results demonstrate that our method consistently yields the best overall results across almost the entire human life span, with only a single set of parameters. To demonstrate its capability to work on non-human primates, the proposed method is further evaluated using a rhesus macaque dataset with 20 subjects. Quantitative comparisons with popularly used state-of-the-art methods, including BET, Two-pass BET, BET-B, BSE, HWA, ROBEX and AFNI, demonstrate that the proposed method performs favorably with superior performance on all testing datasets, indicating its robustness and effectiveness.
MIGNEX Case Study Brief TUN1 - Migration and Development Dynamics in Enfidha, Tunisia
Creators: name: Kasavan, Camille
name: Azouzi, Safouan
name: Hagen-Zanker, Jessica
name: Hannah, Murray
Publisher: name: Peace Research Institute Oslo
Year: 2022

description: Despite high agricultural potential and significant infrastructure developments in Enfidha, many young adults feel constrained by a lack of opportunity and migration aspirations are high.

Key Takeaways

Residents have been marginalised from recent investment and development in Enfidha and the wider region, leading many to feel ‘ignored’ by government bodies.

International out-migration is a widespread aspiration among young adults, viewed by many as the only option left to improve prospects.

However, both legal and irregular migration have become more challenging in the past decade. Despite frustrations, most expect to stay in Enfidha.
Measurable Relationship Between Bright Galaxies and Their Faint Companions in WHL J085910.0+294957, a Galaxy Cluster at z = 0.30: Vestiges of Infallen Groups?
Creators: name: Lee, Joon Hyeop
name: Lee, Hye-Ran
name: Kim, Minjin
name: Seon, Kwang-Il
name: Kim, Sang Chul
name: Yang, Soung-Chul
name: Ree, Chang Hee
name: Lee, Jong Chul
name: Jeong, Hyunjin
name: Ko, Jongwan
name: Choi, Changsu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The properties of satellite galaxies are closely related to their host galaxies in galaxy groups. In cluster environments, on the other hand, the interaction between close neighbors is known to be limited. Our goal is to examine the relationships between host and satellite galaxies in the harsh environment of a galaxy cluster. To achieve this goal, we study a galaxy cluster WHL J085910.0+294957 at z = 0.30 using deep images obtained with CQUEAN CCD camera mounted on the 2.1-m Otto Struve telescope. After member selection based on the scaling relations of photometric and structural parameters, we investigate the relationship between bright (M_i < -18) galaxies and their faint (-18 < M_i < -15) companions. The weighted mean color of faint companion galaxies shows no significant dependence (< 1 sigma to Bootstrap uncertainties) on cluster-centric distance and local luminosity density as well as the luminosity and concentration of an adjacent bright galaxy. However, the weighted mean color shows marginal dependence (~ 2.2 sigma) on the color of an adjacent bright galaxy, when the sample is limited to bright galaxies with at least 2 faint companions. By using a permutation test, we confirm that the correlation in color between bright galaxies and their faint companions in this cluster is statistically significant with a confidence level of 98.7%. The statistical significance increases if we additionally remove non-members using the SDSS photometric redshift information (~ 2.6 sigma and 99.3%). Our results suggest three possible scenarios: (1) vestiges of infallen groups, (2) dwarf capturing, and (3) tidal tearing of bright galaxies.
description: 27 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Kronecker Product Linear Exponent AR(1) Correlation Structures for Multivariate Repeated Measures
Creators: name: Simpson, Sean L.
name: Muller, Keith E.
name: Styner, Martin A.
name: Edwards, Lloyd J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Longitudinal imaging studies have moved to the forefront of medical research due to their ability to characterize spatio-temporal features of biological structures across the lifespan. Credible models of the correlations in longitudinal imaging require two or more pattern components. Valid inference requires enough flexibility of the correlation model to allow reasonable fidelity to the true pattern. On the other hand, the existence of computable estimates demands a parsimonious parameterization of the correlation structure. For many one-dimensional spatial or temporal arrays, the linear exponent autoregressive (LEAR) correlation structure meets these two opposing goals in one model. The LEAR structure is a flexible two-parameter correlation model that applies to situations in which the within-subject correlation decreases exponentially in time or space. It allows for an attenuation or acceleration of the exponential decay rate imposed by the commonly used continuous-time AR(1) structure. We propose the Kronecker product LEAR correlation structure for multivariate repeated measures data in which the correlation between measurements for a given subject is induced by two factors (e.g., spatial and temporal dependence). Excellent analytic and numerical properties make the Kronecker product LEAR model a valuable addition to the suite of parsimonious correlation structures for multivariate repeated measures data. Longitudinal medical imaging data of caudate morphology in schizophrenia illustrates the appeal of the Kronecker product LEAR correlation structure.
Experimentelle Bestimmung der Größe des Elektrons
Creators: name: Sachs, Kirsten
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 1992
Subjects: thesis
electron positron: colliding beams
colliding beams: electron positron
electron positron: elastic scattering
elastic scattering: electron positron
differential cross section: angular dependence
angular dependence: differential cross section
quantum electrodynamics: Lambda parameter
electron: form factor
form factor: electron
ARGUS
experimental results
DESY DORIS Stor
10.6 GeV-cms

description: Universität Hamburg, Diplomarbeit, 1992; 61 pp. (1992). = Universität Hamburg, Diplomarbeit, 1992
Polarisationsmessungen am HERA Elektronenstrahl
Creators: name: Westphal, Dirk
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 1993
Subjects: thesis
electron synchrotron
electron: polarized beam
polarized beam: electron
polarization: beam monitoring
beam monitoring: polarization
Compton scattering
calorimeter
polarization: time dependence
time dependence: polarization
polarization: energy dependence
energy dependence: polarization
correction: orbit
bibliography
DESY HERA Stor

description: Universität Hamburg, Diplomarbeit, 1993; 63 pp. (1993). = Universität Hamburg, Diplomarbeit, 1993
The Calabi complex and Killing sheaf cohomology
Creators: name: Khavkine, Igor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has recently been noticed that the degeneracies of the Poisson bracket of linearized gravity on constant curvature Lorentzian manifold can be described in terms of the cohomologies of a certain complex of differential operators. This complex was first introduced by Calabi and its cohomology is known to be isomorphic to that of the (locally constant) sheaf of Killing vectors. We review the structure of the Calabi complex in a novel way, with explicit calculations based on representation theory of GL(n), and also some tools for studying its cohomology in terms of of locally constant sheaves. We also conjecture how these tools would adapt to linearized gravity on other backgrounds and to other gauge theories. The presentation includes explicit formulas for the differential operators in the Calabi complex, arguments for its local exactness, discussion of generalized Poincaré duality, methods of computing the cohomology of locally constant sheaves, and example calculations of Killing sheaf cohomologies of some black hole and cosmological Lorentzian manifolds.
description: tikz-cd diagrams, 69 pages
Large-Scale Genome-Wide Association Studies and Meta-Analyses of Longitudinal Change in Adult Lung Function
Creators: name: Foy, Millennia
name: Kowgier, Matthew
name: Harris, Tamara B.
name: Gao, Wei
name: Gu, Xiangjun
name: Mathias, Rasika A.
name: Hansen, Joyanna G.
name: Hansel, Nadia N.
name: Tang, Wenbo
name: Brusselle, Guy G.
name: Allerhand, Michael
name: Albrecht, Eva
name: Couper, David J.
name: Barr, R. Graham
name: Franceschini, Nora
name: Loth, Daan W.
name: Aldrich, Melinda C.
name: Curjuric, Ivan
name: Davies, Gail
name: Ruczinski, Ingo
name: Gharib, Sina A.
name: Hodge, Emily
name: Smith, Albert V.
name: Launer, Lenore J.
name: Soler Artigas, María
name: Joubert, Bonnie R.
name: Deary, Ian J.
name: Gudnason, Vilmundur
name: Gläser, Sven
name: Fall, Tove
name: Dupuis, Josée
name: Barnes, Kathleen C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: BackgroundGenome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous loci influencing cross-sectional lung function, but less is known about genes influencing longitudinal change in lung function.MethodsWe performed GWAS of the rate of change in forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) in 14 longitudinal, population-based cohort studies comprising 27,249 adults of European ancestry using linear mixed effects model and combined cohort-specific results using fixed effect meta-analysis to identify novel genetic loci associated with longitudinal change in lung function. Gene expression analyses were subsequently performed for identified genetic loci. As a secondary aim, we estimated the mean rate of decline in FEV1 by smoking pattern, irrespective of genotypes, across these 14 studies using meta-analysis.ResultsThe overall meta-analysis produced suggestive evidence for association at the novel IL16/STARD5/TMC3 locus on chromosome 15 (P  =  5.71 × 10-7). In addition, meta-analysis using the five cohorts with ≥3 FEV1 measurements per participant identified the novel ME3 locus on chromosome 11 (P  =  2.18 × 10-8) at genome-wide significance. Neither locus was associated with FEV1 decline in two additional cohort studies. We confirmed gene expression of IL16, STARD5, and ME3 in multiple lung tissues. Publicly available microarray data confirmed differential expression of all three genes in lung samples from COPD patients compared with controls. Irrespective of genotypes, the combined estimate for FEV1 decline was 26.9, 29.2 and 35.7 mL/year in never, former, and persistent smokers, respectively.ConclusionsIn this large-scale GWAS, we identified two novel genetic loci in association with the rate of change in FEV1 that harbor candidate genes with biologically plausible functional links to lung function.
Entwicklung des Prototypen eines Echtzeit-Expertensystems zur Diagnose von Fehlern in der ZEUS-Datennahme
Creators: name: Ohrenberg, Kars
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 1993
Subjects: thesis
data acquisition
control system
artificial intelligence
computer
ZEUS
DESY DESY HERA Stor Stor

description: Universität Hamburg, Diplomarbeit, 1993; 70 pp. (1993). = Universität Hamburg, Diplomarbeit, 1993
Linear Mixed Effects Models under Inequality Constraints with Applications
Creators: name: Peddada, Shyamal D.
name: Ivanova, Anastasia
name: Farnan, Laura
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Constraints arise naturally in many scientific experiments/studies such as in, epidemiology, biology, toxicology, etc. and often researchers ignore such information when analyzing their data and use standard methods such as the analysis of variance (ANOVA). Such methods may not only result in a loss of power and efficiency in costs of experimentation but also may result poor interpretation of the data. In this paper we discuss constrained statistical inference in the context of linear mixed effects models that arise naturally in many applications, such as in repeated measurements designs, familial studies and others. We introduce a novel methodology that is broadly applicable for a variety of constraints on the parameters. Since in many applications sample sizes are small and/or the data are not necessarily normally distributed and furthermore error variances need not be homoscedastic (i.e. heterogeneity in the data) we use an empirical best linear unbiased predictor (EBLUP) type residual based bootstrap methodology for deriving critical values of the proposed test. Our simulation studies suggest that the proposed procedure maintains the desired nominal Type I error while competing well with other tests in terms of power. We illustrate the proposed methodology by re-analyzing a clinical trial data on blood mercury level. The methodology introduced in this paper can be easily extended to other settings such as nonlinear and generalized regression models.
MIGNEX Case Study Brief SOM2 - Migration and development dynamics in Baidoa, Somalia
Creators: name: Kasavan, Camille
name: Ahmed, Fatuma
name: Hagen-Zanker, Jessica
name: Hannah, Murray
Publisher: name: Peace Research Institute Oslo
Year: 2022

description: Out-migration is decreasing in Baidoa, a fast-growing city host to many internally displaced people. Amid better security, livelihood expansion and humanitarian assistance, many feel hope for the future.

As of November 2022, Somali authorities are working to avert famine from a record drought that has affected nearly eight million Somalis, or half the population. Thousands of families are arriving in Baidoa, fleeing starvation in the countryside to displaced camps in the city. Aid groups and authorities are pleading for international help to prevent further loss of life.

Key Takeaways

Few surveyed young adults (11%) have seriously considered migrating internationally in the past year.

In-migration from surrounding rural areas – largely due to conflict or drought – is now a defining feature of the area.

Humanitarian assistance has been a key source of support: 74% of young adults know of interventions, and most think these make a big (37%) or bit (61%) of a difference to Baidoa.
The saturation of Frobenius powers of ideals
Creators: name: Huneke, Craig
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13

description: This paper proves some special cases in which localization of tight closure holds. In particular it studies the condition LC relating to bounding the Loewy lengths of local cohomology of Frobenius iterates of quotient rings.
description: This paper was published in 2000
title: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, Vol. 63 No. 2S2 (2022): Vaccinazione antinfluenzale e value based health care: soluzioni operative per la tutela della salute pubblica Flu vaccination and value-based health care: operational solutions to safeguard public health
title: Vaccinazione antinfluenzale e value based health care: soluzioni operative per la tutela della salute pubblica Flu vaccination and value-based health care: operational solutions to safeguard public health
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Journal Of Preventive Medicine And Hygiene
Publisher: name: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene
Year: 2022

description: Supplemento 2 Vaccinazione antinfluenzale e value based health care: soluzioni operative per la tutela della salute pubblica Flu vaccination and value-based health care: operational solutions to safeguard public health
Linking Stoichiometric Homeostasis of Microorganisms with Soil Phosphorus Dynamics in Wetlands Subjected to Microcosm Warming
Creators: name: He, Qiang
name: Yue, ChunLei
name: Li, HongYi
name: Zhang, ZhiJian
name: Wang, Hang
name: Xu, XinHua
name: Muehlbauer, Jeffrey D.
name: Jiang, DaQian
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Soil biogeochemical processes and the ecological stability of wetland ecosystems under global warming scenarios have gained increasing attention worldwide. Changes in the capacity of microorganisms to maintain stoichiometric homeostasis, or relatively stable internal concentrations of elements, may serve as an indicator of alterations to soil biogeochemical processes and their associated ecological feedbacks. In this study, an outdoor computerized microcosm was set up to simulate a warmed (+5°C) climate scenario, using novel, minute-scale temperature manipulation technology. The principle of stoichiometric homeostasis was adopted to illustrate phosphorus (P) biogeochemical cycling coupled with carbon (C) dynamics within the soil-microorganism complex. We hypothesized that enhancing the flux of P from soil to water under warming scenarios is tightly coupled with a decrease in homeostatic regulation ability in wetland ecosystems. Results indicate that experimental warming impaired the ability of stoichiometric homeostasis (H) to regulate biogeochemical processes, enhancing the ecological role of wetland soil as an ecological source for both P and C. The potential P flux from soil to water ranged from 0.11 to 34.51 mg m−2 d−1 in the control and 0.07 to 61.26 mg m−2 d−1 in the warmed treatment. The synergistic function of C-P acquisition is an important mechanism underlying C∶P stoichiometric balance for soil microorganisms under warming. For both treatment groups, strongly significant (p<0.001) relationships fitting a negative allometric power model with a fractional exponent were found between n-HC∶P (the specialized homeostatic regulation ability as a ratio of soil highly labile organic carbon to dissolved reactive phosphorus in porewater) and potential P flux. Although many factors may affect soil P dynamics, the n-HC∶P term fundamentally reflects the stoichiometric balance or interactions between the energy landscape (i.e., C) and flow of resources (e.g., N and P), and can be a useful ecological tool for assessing potential P flux in ecosystems.
title: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, Vol. 63 No. 2S1 (2022): Atti 55° Congresso Nazionale SItI
title: Atti 55° Congresso Nazionale SItI
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Journal Of Preventive Medicine And Hygiene
Publisher: name: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene
Year: 2022

description: Supplemento 1 Atti 55° Congresso Nazionale SItI Padova, 28 settembre - 1 ottobre, 2022
Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch equation for exchange coupled grains
Creators: name: Vogler, Christoph
name: Abert, Claas
name: Bruckner, Florian
name: Suess, Dieter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Heat assisted recording is a promising technique to further increase the storage density in hard disks. Multilayer recording grains with graded Curie temperature is discussed to further assist the write process. Describing the correct magnetization dynamics of these grains, from room temperature to far above the Curie point, during a write process is required for the calculation of bit error rates. We present a coarse grained approach based on the Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch (LLB) equation to model exchange coupled grains with low computational effort. The required temperature dependent material properties such as the zero-field equilibrium magnetization as well as the parallel and normal susceptibilities are obtained by atomistic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) simulations. Each grain is described with one magnetization vector. In order to mimic the atomistic exchange interaction between the grains a special treatment of the exchange field in the coarse grained approach is presented.
Testing the protective effect of debunking versus prebunking against novel misinformation across time
Creators: name: Kurz, Tim
name: Ecker, Ullrich
name: Tay, Li Qian
name: Hurlstone, Mark J.
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: The current study aims to test if an intervention provided in one context (e.g., debunking or prebunking fair-trade misinformation) can generalize to another context (e.g., reduce participants’ acceptance of misinformation about peer review), if the argumentation techniques used to mislead are structurally similar across topics. We will test this in either an immediate or a delayed test.
Multiwavelength observation of a large-scale flux rope eruption above kinked mini-filament
Creators: name: Kumar, Pankaj
name: Cho, Kyung-Suk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse multiwavelength observations of a western limb flare (C3.9) occurred in AR NOAA 111465 on 30 April 2012. The high resolution images recorded by SDO/AIA 304, 1600 Å and Hinode/SOT H$α$ show the activation of a mini-filament (rising speed$\sim$40 km s$^{-1}$) associated with kink instability and the onset of a C-class flare near the southern leg of the filament. The first magnetic reconnection occurred at one of the footpoints of the filament causing the breaking of its southern leg. The filament shows unwinding motion of the northern leg and apex in the counterclockwise direction and failed to erupt. A flux-rope (visible only in hot channels, i.e., AIA 131 and 94 Å channels and Hinode/SXT) structure was appeared along the neutral line during the second magnetic reconnection taking place above the kinked filament. Formation of the RHESSI hard X-ray source (12-25 keV) above the kinked filament and simultaneous appearance of the hot 131 Å loops associated with photospheric brightenings (AIA 1700 Å) suggest the particle acceleration along these loops from the top of the filament. In addition, EUV disturbances/waves observed above the filament in 171 Å also show a close association with magnetic reconnection. The flux rope rises slowly ($\sim$100 km s$^{-1}$) producing a rather big twisted structure possibly by reconnection with the surrounding sheared magnetic fields within $\sim$15-20 minutes, and showed an impulsive acceleration reaching a height of about 80--100 Mm. AIA 171 and SWAP 174 Å images reveal a cool compression front (or CME frontal loop) surrounding the hot flux rope structure.
description: to be appear in A&A, 15 pages, 12 figures
Population dynamics of Meloidogyne chitwoodi and M. fallax (Melpop)
Creators: name: den Nijs, Loes
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Euphresco, plant health, diagnostics, test performance study, sampling, extraction, management, Meloidogyne chitwoodi, Meloidogyne fallax

description: Slide of the Euphresco project 'Population dynamics of Meloidogyne chitwoodi and M. fallax' (Melpop)
description: Project funded through the Euphresco network
Investigations of the Copper Peptide Hepcidin-25 by LC-MS/MS and NMR
Creators: name: Abbas, Ioana M.
name: Vranic, Marija
name: Hoffmann, Holger
name: El-Khatib, Ahmed H.
name: Montes-Bayon, Maria
name: Möller, Heiko M.
name: Weller, Michael G.
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: hepcidin-25
subject: copper
subject: nickel
subject: copper complex
subject: ATCUN motif
subject: metal complex
subject: MS
subject: NMR structure
subject: metal peptide
subject: metalloprotein
subject: metallopeptide
subject: isomerization
subject: racemization
subject: purity
subject: reference material
subject: 540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Hepcidin-25 was identified as the main iron regulator in the human body, and it by binds to the sole iron-exporter ferroportin. Studies showed that the N-terminus of hepcidin is responsible for this interaction, the same N-terminus that encompasses a small copper(II)-binding site known as the ATCUN (amino-terminal Cu(II)- and Ni(II)-binding) motif. Interestingly, this copper-binding property is largely ignored in most papers dealing with hepcidin-25. In this context, detailed investigations of the complex formed between hepcidin-25 and copper could reveal insight into its biological role. The present work focuses on metal-bound hepcidin-25 that can be considered the biologically active form. The first part is devoted to the reversed-phase chromatographic separation of copper-bound and copper-free hepcidin-25 achieved by applying basic mobile phases containing 0.1% ammonia. Further, mass spectrometry (tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS)) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were employed to characterize the copper-peptide. Lastly, a three-dimensional (3D) model of hepcidin-25 with bound copper(II) is presented. The identification of metal complexes and potential isoforms and isomers, from which the latter usually are left undetected by mass spectrometry, led to the conclusion that complementary analytical methods are needed to characterize a peptide calibrant or reference material comprehensively. Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR), inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), ion-mobility spectrometry (IMS) and chiral amino acid analysis (AAA) should be considered among others.
The Largest X-ray Selected Sample of z>3 AGNs: C-COSMOS & ChaMP
Creators: name: Kalfountzou, E.
name: Civano, F.
name: Elvis, M.
name: Trichas, M.
name: Green, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results from an analysis of the largest high-redshift (z > 3) X-ray-selected active galactic nucleus (AGN) sample to date, combining the Chandra C-COSMOS and ChaMP surveys and doubling the previous samples. The sample comprises 209 X-ray-detected AGN, over a wide range of rest frame 2-10 keV luminosities logL_{X}=43.3 - 46.0 erg s^{-1}. X-ray hardness rates show that ~39% of the sources are highly obscured, N_{H}>10^{22} cm^{-2}, in agreement with the ~37% of type-2 AGN found in our sample based on their optical classification. For ~26% of objects have mismatched optical and X-ray classifications. Using the 1/V_{max} method, we confirm that the comoving space density of all luminosity ranges of AGNs decreases with redshift above z > 3 and up to z ~ 7. With a significant sample of AGN (N=27) at z > 4, it is found that both source number counts in the 0.5 -2 keV band and comoving space density are consistent with the expectation of a luminosity dependent density evolution (LDDE) model at all redshifts, while they exclude the luminosity and density evolution (LADE) model. The measured comoving space density of type-1 and type-2 AGN shows a constant ratio between the two types at z > 3. Our results for both AGN types at these redshifts are consistent with the expectations of LDDE model.
description: 20 pages, 11 figures. Accepted to MNRAS
Loss to Clinic and Five-Year Mortality among HIV-Infected Antiretroviral Therapy Initiators
Creators: name: Cole, Stephen R.
name: Edwards, Jessie K.
name: Moore, Richard
name: Westreich, Daniel
name: Mugavero, Michael J.
name: Mathews, Christopher
name: Eron, Joseph J.
name: Geng, Elvin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Missing outcome data due to loss to follow-up occurs frequently in clinical cohort studies of HIV-infected patients. Censoring patients when they become lost can produce inaccurate results if the risk of the outcome among the censored patients differs from the risk of the outcome among patients remaining under observation. We examine whether patients who are considered lost to follow up are at increased risk of mortality compared to those who remain under observation. Patients from the US Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (CNICS) who newly initiated combination antiretroviral therapy between January 1, 1998 and December 31, 2009 and survived for at least one year were included in the study. Mortality information was available for all participants regardless of continued observation in the CNICS. We compare mortality between patients retained in the cohort and those lost-to-clinic, as commonly defined by a 12-month gap in care. Patients who were considered lost-to-clinic had modestly elevated mortality compared to patients who remained under observation after 5 years (risk ratio (RR): 1.2; 95% CI: 0.9, 1.5). Results were similar after redefining loss-to-clinic as 6 months (RR: 1.0; 95% CI: 0.8, 1.3) or 18 months (RR: 1.2; 95% CI: 0.8, 1.6) without a documented clinic visit. The small increase in mortality associated with becoming lost to clinic suggests that these patients were not lost to care, rather they likely transitioned to care at a facility outside the study. The modestly higher mortality among patients who were lost-to-clinic implies that when we necessarily censor these patients in studies of time-varying exposures, we are likely to incur at most a modest selection bias.
Mapping the Kinetic Barriers of a Large RNA Molecule's Folding Landscape
Creators: name: Laederach, Alain
name: Schlatterer, Jörg C.
name: Brenowitz, Michael
name: Martin, Joshua S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The folding of linear polymers into discrete three-dimensional structures is often required for biological function. The formation of long-lived intermediates is a hallmark of the folding of large RNA molecules due to the ruggedness of their energy landscapes. The precise thermodynamic nature of the barriers (whether enthalpic or entropic) that leads to intermediate formation is still poorly characterized in large structured RNA molecules. A classic approach to analyzing kinetic barriers are temperature dependent studies analyzed with Eyring's transition state theory. We applied Eyring's theory to time-resolved hydroxyl radical (•OH) footprinting kinetics progress curves collected at eight temperature from 21.5°C to 51°C to characterize the thermodynamic nature of folding intermediate formation for the Mg2+-mediated folding of the Tetrahymena thermophila group I ribozyme. A common kinetic model configuration describes this RNA folding reaction over the entire temperature range studied consisting of primary (fast) transitions to misfolded intermediates followed by much slower secondary transitions, consistent with previous studies. Eyring analysis reveals that the primary transitions are moderate in magnitude and primarily enthalpic in nature. In contrast, the secondary transitions are daunting in magnitude and entropic in nature. The entropic character of the secondary transitions is consistent with structural rearrangement of the intermediate species to the final folded form. This segregation of kinetic control reveals distinctly different molecular mechanisms during the two stages of RNA folding and documents the importance of entropic barriers to defining rugged RNA folding landscapes.
Maternal Cadmium Levels during Pregnancy Associated with Lower Birth Weight in Infants in a North Carolina Cohort
Creators: name: Fry, Rebecca C.
name: Johnston, Jill E.
name: Valentiner, Ellis
name: Maxson, Pamela
name: Miranda, Marie Lynn
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Cadmium (Cd) is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant, a known carcinogen, and understudied as a developmental toxicant. In the present study, we examined the relationships between Cd levels during pregnancy and infant birth outcomes in a prospective pregnancy cohort in Durham, North Carolina. The study participants (n = 1027) had a mean Cd level of 0.46 µg/L with a range of <0.08 to 2.52 µg/L. Multivariable models were used to establish relationships between blood Cd tertiles and fetal growth parameters, namely birth weight, low birth weight, birth weight percentile by gestational age, small for gestational age, pre-term birth, length, and head circumference. In multivariable models, high maternal blood Cd levels (≥0.50 µg/L) during pregnancy were inversely associated with birth weight percentile by gestational age (p = 0.007) and associated with increased odds of infants being born small for gestational age (p<0.001). These observed effects were independent of cotinine-defined smoking status. The results from this study provide further evidence of health risks associated with early life exposure to Cd among a large pregnancy cohort.