Hipposideros calcaratus Dobson 1877
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Mittermeier, Russell A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Chiroptera
Hipposideridae
Hipposideros
Hipposideros calcaratus

description: 51. Spurred Leaf-nosed Bat <i>Hipposideros calcaratus</i> <b>French:</b> Phyllorhine à éperons / <b>German:</b> Sporn-Rundblattnase / <b>Spanish:</b> Hiposidérido de espolones <b>Other common names:</b> Spurred Roundleaf Bat <b>Taxonomy.</b> Phyllorhina calcarata Dobson, 1877, “Duke-of-York Island and adjacent coasts of New Ireland and New Britain,” Papua New Guinea. Hipposideros calcaratus was formerly included in the bicolor species group, but is now placed in the calcaratus species group (species). Two subspecies recognized. <b>Subspecies and Distribution.</b> H. c. calcaratus Dobson, 1877 — Admiralty Is (Manus), Bismarck Archipelago, Solomon Is, Trobriand Is (Kiriwina), D’Entrecasteaux Is (Normanby), and Misima I; probably on other inshore Is of New Guinea. H. c. cupidus K. Andersen, 1918 mainland New Guinea and Yapen I. <b>Descriptive notes.</b> Head—body 49-4— 70 mm, tail 31-44 mm, ear 16-5— 25 mm, hindfoot 7-9— 12 mm, forearm 46-2—55-8 mm; weight 11-5 g. The Spurred Leaf-nosed Bat has large, funnel-shaped ears, with slighdy rounded tips. Noseleaf is simple, without supplementary leaflets. Intermediate leaf has a medial and well-developed protuberance. Posterior leaf is long, with three vertical septa. There is a small protuberance above each eye and behind both laterals of posterior noseleaf. Frontal sac of males is relatively small. Wing membrane is attached to side of foot. Pelage is long and soft, with dark brown on dorsum, and paler colors over shoulders; fur is whitish-grayish on ventral part, and naked wing membranes are blackish brown. This species can occasionally present a reddish or orange coloration. <b>Habitat.</b> Forests and wet lowlands from sea level to 1000 m. <b>Food and Feeding.</b> Diet of the Spurred Leaf-nosed Bat is based on insects; it probably hunts mainly Blattodea and Orthoptera. Its foraging habitat is still unknown, but forest areas and river bodies are possible feeding zones. <b>Breeding.</b> Breeding colonies have been reported in caves, with aggregations of hundreds or thousands of individuals. Females give birth to one or two offspring in May-June or October—November. <b>Activity patterns.</b> The Spurred Leaf-nosed Bat roosts in caves, tunnels, and other underground cavities. Echolocation call includes a F component of 125-130 kHz. <b>Movements, Home range and Social organization.</b> The Spurred Leaf-nosed Bat is gregarious and can be found in large colonies. <b>Status and Conservation.</b> Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Spurred Leaf-nosed Bat is common within its range. Although the trends are unknown, it is thought that the overall population is large. No major threats to this species are known at present, although habitat loss and human disturbance could be of some importance. <b>Bibliography.</b> Bonaccorso &amp; Reardon (2008f), Hill (1971c), Lavery eta/. (2014), Smith &amp; Hill (1981), Vestjens &amp; Hall (1977).
description: Published as part of <i>Don E. Wilson &amp; Russell A. Mittermeier, 2019, Hipposideridae, pp. 227-258 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions</i> on page 246, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3739808