cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Precision timing of eclipsing binaries from TESS full frame images. Method and performance
Creators: name: Marcadon, Frédéric
name: Prša, Andrej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several hundreds of thousands of eclipsing binaries (EBs) are expected to be detected in the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) full frame images (FFIs). This represents a significant increase in the number of EBs available for eclipse timing variation studies. In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of performing precise eclipse timing of TESS EBs using the FFIs. To this end, we developed a fast, automated method and applied it to a sample of $\sim$100 EBs selected from the Villanova TESS EB catalog. Our timing analysis resulted in the detection of ten new triple candidates with outer periods shorter than $\sim$1300$\,$d. For five of them, we were able to constrain the outer orbit by analyzing independently the short-cadence (SC) and FFI data and to derive the minimum mass of the third body with a precision better than 4 per cent for SC and 11 per cent for FFI data. We then compared the results obtained from the two datasets and found that using the FFI data leads to (1) a degradation of both the accuracy and precision of the tertiary mass determination for the tightest EBs and (2) an overall underestimation of the third component's mass. However, we stress that our main conclusions on the nature of the detected signals do not depend on which dataset is used. This confirms the great potential of TESS FFIs, which will allow us to search for rare objects such as substellar circumbinary companions and compact triple stellar systems.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 30 pages, 9 tables and 12 figures
An Analysis of the Economic Impacts of Big-Box Stores on a Community’s Retail Sector: Evidence from Maine
Creators: name: Freedman, Emily A.
name: McConnon Jr., James C.
name: Hunt, Gary L.
name: Gabe, Todd M.
name: Freedman, Emily A.
name: McConnon Jr., James C.
name: Hunt, Gary L.
name: Gabe, Todd M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Demand and Price Analysis

description: This study examines the effects of big - box stores on the change in the number of retail stores operating in a market area. Our econometric results suggest that the presence and growth of big - box retailers has a positive net effect on retail establishment growth in Maine. We found no evidence that big - box stores have any impact on the net change in hardware stores, but did find a positive impact on the net change in the number of restaurants. An additional noteworthy finding of this study is that there appears to be a “saturation point” at which the effect of an additional big - box store becomes negative, a likely result of too much competition in a community’s overall retail sector.
Continuous Melody Generation via Disentangled Short-Term Representations and Structural Conditions
Creators: name: Chen, Ke
name: Xia, Gus
name: Dubnov, Shlomo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Automatic music generation is an interdisciplinary research topic that combines computational creativity and semantic analysis of music to create automatic machine improvisations. An important property of such a system is allowing the user to specify conditions and desired properties of the generated music. In this paper we designed a model for composing melodies given a user specified symbolic scenario combined with a previous music context. We add manual labeled vectors denoting external music quality in terms of chord function that provides a low dimensional representation of the harmonic tension and resolution. Our model is capable of generating long melodies by regarding 8-beat note sequences as basic units, and shares consistent rhythm pattern structure with another specific song. The model contains two stages and requires separate training where the first stage adopts a Conditional Variational Autoencoder (C-VAE) to build a bijection between note sequences and their latent representations, and the second stage adopts long short-term memory networks (LSTM) with structural conditions to continue writing future melodies. We further exploit the disentanglement technique via C-VAE to allow melody generation based on pitch contour information separately from conditioning on rhythm patterns. Finally, we evaluate the proposed model using quantitative analysis of rhythm and the subjective listening study. Results show that the music generated by our model tends to have salient repetition structures, rich motives, and stable rhythm patterns. The ability to generate longer and more structural phrases from disentangled representations combined with semantic scenario specification conditions shows a broad application of our model.
description: 9 pages, 12 figures, 4 tables. in 14th international conference on semantic computing, ICSC 2020
Residential Electricity Demand in El Paso
Creators: name: Fullerton Jr., Thomas M.
name: Macias, David R.
name: Walke, Adam G.
name: Fullerton Jr., Thomas M.
name: Macias, David R.
name: Walke, Adam G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Consumer/Household Economics
Demand and Price Analysis
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: This study analyzes the demand for residential electricity in El Paso, Texas, USA. Annual data are provided by El Paso Electric Company covering the period from 1977 to 2014. This study reports a negative long - run income elasticity for residential electricity demand. Per customer residential electricity usage declines by 0.68 per cent for every 1 - percent increase in real per capita income over the long run, indicating that electricity is treated as an inferior good by households in this metropolitan economy. That result runs counter to many earlier studies but corroborates recent empirical evidence for Seattle, Washington, and other regions of the United States. Further examination of residential electricity consumption behavior is warranted. Rate policy issues are also discussed.
title: 01_0783
Creators: name: Wesley Baldwin, John
name: Baldwin, John W.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: L'ensemble de ces notes ont été crée par John Baldwin lors d'une de ses premières périodes de résidence à Paris. Ces documents comprennent tous les magistri qu’il avait pu rencontrer dans ses sources. Aux XIIème et XIIIème siècles, les universités n'existant pas encore, le titre de magister s'il évoque certainement une compétence n'est pas rattaché de façon systématique au passage par les écoles. De surcroît, les magistris sont le plus souvent désignés par leur seul prénom. La lecture de ces données est donc difficile et suppose un long travail pour tenter d'identifier un individu auquel on pourrait rattacher plusieurs mentions. John Baldwin avait donc renoncé à utiliser ces données pour donner un prolongement à sa magnifique étude sur les gradués d'université et leur emploi par les Capétiens et les Plantagenêts. Néanmoins, il a conservé ces données et elles sont potentiellement très utile dans le cadre de Studium, comme le sont toutes les mentions dans les volumes des Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae de chanoines portant ce titre de magister sans autres précisions. L'ampleur des dépouillements rend ces données très utiles et nous devons une grande reconnaissance à John Baldwin pour avoir pris la peine de faire photocopier ses fiches et de nous les avoir transmises amicalement.
Les données ainsi que les images des fiches sont accessibles sur le site Internet à l'adresse suivante : http://studium-baldwin.lamop.fr/.
Les transcriptions des fiches ont été effectuées par des étudiants de Paris 1 Panthéon - Sorbonne mais elles n'ont pas été corrigées par la suite.
description: Relation: https://lamop.hypotheses.org/
The Generalised Liar Paradox: A Quantum Model and Interpretation
Creators: name: Aerts, Diederik
name: Broekaert, Jan
name: D'Hooghe, Bart
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formalism of abstracted quantum mechanics is applied in a model of the generalized Liar Paradox. Here, the Liar Paradox, a consistently testable configuration of logical truth properties, is considered a dynamic conceptual entity in the cognitive sphere. Basically, the intrinsic contextuality of the truth-value of the Liar Paradox is appropriately covered by the abstracted quantum mechanical approach. The formal details of the model are explicited here for the generalized case. We prove the possibility of constructing a quantum model of the m-sentence generalizations of the Liar Paradox. This includes (i) the truth-falsehood state of the m-Liar Paradox can be represented by an embedded 2m-dimensional quantum vector in a (2m)^m dimensional complex Hilbert space, with cognitive interactions corresponding to projections, (ii) the construction of a continuous 'time' dynamics is possible: typical truth and falsehood value oscillations are described by Schrodinger evolution, (iii) Kirchoff and von Neumann axioms are satisfied by introduction of 'truth-value by inference' projectors, (iv) time invariance of unmeasured state.
description: 13 pages, to be published in Foundations of Science
Ambiguity in Sequential Data: Predicting Uncertain Futures with Recurrent Models
Creators: name: Berlati, Alessandro
name: Scheel, Oliver
name: Di Stefano, Luigi
name: Tombari, Federico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Ambiguity is inherently present in many machine learning tasks, but especially for sequential models seldom accounted for, as most only output a single prediction. In this work we propose an extension of the Multiple Hypothesis Prediction (MHP) model to handle ambiguous predictions with sequential data, which is of special importance, as often multiple futures are equally likely. Our approach can be applied to the most common recurrent architectures and can be used with any loss function. Additionally, we introduce a novel metric for ambiguous problems, which is better suited to account for uncertainties and coincides with our intuitive understanding of correctness in the presence of multiple labels. We test our method on several experiments and across diverse tasks dealing with time series data, such as trajectory forecasting and maneuver prediction, achieving promising results.
Region-based U-net for accelerated training and enhanced precision in deep brain segmentation
Creators: name: Li, Mengyu
name: Magnusson, Magnus
name: van Eimeren, Thilo
name: Ellingsen, Lotta M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Segmentation of brain structures on MRI is the primary step for further quantitative analysis of brain diseases. Manual segmentation is still considered the gold standard in terms of accuracy; however, such data is extremely time-consuming to generate. This paper presents a deep learning-based segmentation approach for 12 deep-brain structures, utilizing multiple region-based U-Nets. The brain is divided into three focal regions of interest that encompass the brainstem, the ventricular system, and the striatum. Next, three region-based U-nets are run in parallel to parcellate these larger structures into their respective four substructures. This approach not only greatly reduces the training and processing times but also significantly enhances the segmentation accuracy, compared to segmenting the entire MRI image at once. Our approach achieves remarkable accuracy with an average Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) of 0.901 and 95% Hausdorff Distance (HD95) of 1.155 mm. The method was compared with state-of-the-art segmentation approaches, demonstrating a high level of accuracy and robustness of the proposed method.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, 21st IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging
Corruption and Voter Turnout: A Spatial Econometric Approach
Creators: name: Lacombe, Donald J.
name: Coats, R. Morris
name: Shughart II, William F.
name: Karahan, Gökhan
name: Lacombe, Donald J.
name: Coats, R. Morris
name: Shughart II, William F.
name: Karahan, Gökhan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Political Economy

description: An FBI sting investigation, from 1984 through 1987, called “Operation Pretense” exposed extensive corruption amongst Mississippi’s county supervisors. In response, Mississippi’s legislature asked voters in the November 1988 general election to choose between the then - prevalent “beat system” of county governance and a more centralized “unit system” thought to be less corruption - prone. Voters opted for the unit system in 47 of Mississippi’s 82 counties. We use spatial econometric techniques to examine voter turnout rates in that election. We compare spatial econometric and ordinary least squares models : both reveal that, ceteris paribus , revelations of supervisor corruption influenced voter turnout rates positively at the county level. However, we find no relationship between corruption and voters’ beat - unit choices using spatial econometric techniques — suggesting that voters did not go to the polls to punish corrupt politicians, but were motivated by candidates’ and parties’ greater electioneering efforts to gain access to or to protect corruption rents.
Following the economic footprint of a Cruise Ship
Creators: name: Meehan, Catriona
name: Hynes, Stephen
name: Meehan, Catriona
name: Hynes, Stephen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Cruise industry
subject: ports
subject: berthing
subject: economic benefits
subject: Ireland

description: The cruise industry has the potential to generate enormous revenue for port cities however there are some challenges to this revenue stream. These challenges are very apparent here in Ireland in recent years. As ships increase in size tendering becomes less feasible. This paper investigates how passenger tendering rather than berthing in Irish ports affects possible economic benefit from the cruise industry. The paper also examines how port facilities affect the overall passenger experience. Is passenger spending restricted? Using four Irish ports as case studies and a survey of passengers of 1 cruise ship visiting all four ports this paper seeks to identify the difference between passenger spending at tender and non-tender ports.
Near-Infrared and Optical Limits for the Central X-ray Point Source in the Cassiopeia A Supernova Remnant
Creators: name: Fesen, R. A.
name: Pavlov, G. G.
name: Sanwal, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Near-infrared images of the center of the Cas A supernova remnant taken with the NICMOS 2 camera on HST using the F110W and F160W filters (~J & ~H bands) have magnitude limits of 26.2 and 24.6 respectively, but reveal no sources within a 1.2" radius of the Chandra detected central X-ray point source (XPS). The NICMOS data, taken together with broadband optical magnitude limits (R ~ 28 mag) obtained from a deep STIS CCD exposure taken with a clear filter (50CCD), indicate that the XPS luminosities are very low in the optical/NIR bands (e.g., L_H < 3 x E29 erg/s) with no optical, J, or H band counterpart to the XPS easily detectable by HST. We discuss the nature of the Cas A central compact object based upon these new near-infrared and optical flux limits.
description: 14 pages including 6 tables and 3 figures. To appear in the Astrophysical Journal
Thermal equilibration on the edges of topological liquids
Creators: name: Ma, Ken K. W.
name: Feldman, D. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermal conductance has emerged as a powerful probe of topological order in the quantum Hall effect and beyond. The interpretation of experiments crucially depends on the ratio of the sample size and the equilibration length, on which energy exchange among contra-propagating chiral modes becomes significant. We show that at low temperatures the equilibration length diverges as $1/T^2$ for almost all Abelian and non-Abelian topological orders. A faster $1/T^4$ divergence is present on the edges of the non-Abelian PH-Pfaffian and negative-flux Read-Rezayi liquids. We address experimental consequences of the $1/T^2$ and $1/T^4$ laws in a sample, shorter than the equilibration length.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure
Lyapunov timescales and black hole binaries
Creators: name: Cornish, Neil J.
name: Levin, Janna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Black holes binaries support unstable orbits at very close separations. In the simplest case of geodesics around a Schwarzschild black hole the orbits, though unstable, are regular. Under perturbation the unstable orbits can become the locus of chaos. All unstable orbits, whether regular or chaotic, can be quantified by their Lyapunov exponents. The exponents are observationally relevant since the phase of gravitational waves can decohere in a Lyapunov time. If the timescale for dissipation due to gravitational waves is shorter than the Lyapunov time, chaos will be damped and essentially unobservable. We find the timescales can be comparable. We emphasize that the Lyapunov exponents must only be used cautiously for several reasons: they are relative and depend on the coordinate system used, they vary from orbit to orbit, and finally they can be deceptively diluted by transient behaviour for orbits which pass in and out of unstable regions.
description: To be published in Classical and Quantum Gravity
From internal to pointwise control for the 1D heat equation and minimal control time
Creators: name: Letrouit, Cyril
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Our goal is to study controllability and observability properties of the 1D heat equation with internal control (or observation) set $ω_{\varepsilon}=(x_{0}-\varepsilon, x_{0}+\varepsilon )$, in the limit $\varepsilon\rightarrow 0$, where $x_{0}\in (0,1)$. It is known that depending on arithmetic properties of $x_{0}$, there may exist a minimal time $T_{0}$ of pointwise control at $x_{0}$ of the heat equation. Besides, for any $\varepsilon$ fixed, the heat equation is controllable with control set $ω_{\varepsilon}$ in any time $T>0$. We relate these two phenomena. We show that the observability constant on $ω_\varepsilon$ does not converge to $0$ as $\varepsilon\rightarrow 0$ at the same speed when $T>T_{0}$ (in which case it is comparable to $\varepsilon^{1/2}$) or $T
Nuclear compensatory evolution driven by mito-nuclear incompatibilities
Creators: name: Princepe, Débora
name: de Aguiar, Marcus A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Mitochondrial function relies on the coordinated expression of mitochondrial and nuclear genes, exhibiting remarkable resilience regardless the susceptibility of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to accumulate harmful mutations. A suggested mechanism for preserving this mito-nuclear compatibility is the nuclear compensation, where deleterious mitochondrial alleles drive compensatory changes in nuclear genes. However, prevalence and conditioning factors for this phenomenon remain debated, with empirical evidence supporting and refuting its existence. Here, we investigate how mito-nuclear incompatibilities impact nuclear and mitochondrial substitutions in a model for species radiation under selection for mito-nuclear compatibility, similar to the process of mtDNA introgression. Mating eligibility relies on genetic (nuclear DNA) and spatial proximity, with populations evolving from partially compatible mito-nuclear states. Mutations do not confer advantages nor disadvantages, with no optimal nuclear or mitochondrial types, but individual fitness decreases with increasing incompatibilities, driving the demand for mito-nuclear genetic coordination. We find that selection consistently promotes compensation on incompatible nuclear genes, resulting in more substitutions than compatible or non-interacting genes. Surprisingly, low mitochondrial mutation rates favor compensation, as do increased selective pressure or a higher number of mismatches. High mitochondrial mutation rates boost substitutions in initially compatible nuclear genes, relaxing the selection against mito-nuclear incompatibilities and mirroring the compensatory evolution. Moreover, the presence of incompatibilities accelerates species radiation, but richness at equilibrium is not directly correlated with substitutions' response, revealing the complex dynamics triggered by mitochondrial introgression and mito-nuclear co-evolution.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures
Ollie North's boss [book review of Ronald Reagan the movie by Michael Rogin]
Creators: name: Aufderheide, Patricia
Publisher: name: Christianity & Crisis
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 47
subject: Language, communication and culture

description: Published in: Christianity and Crisis, vol. 47, no. 12, Sept. 14, 1987, pp. 290-2. This article is unavailable in digital format from the publisher.
Determinants of Specialty Rice Adoption by Smallholder Farmers in the Red River Delta of Vietnam
Creators: name: Pham, Thai Thuy Pham
name: Dao, The Anh
name: Theuvsen, Ludwig
name: Pham, Thai Thuy Pham
name: Dao, The Anh
name: Theuvsen, Ludwig
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Production Economics
subject: Specialty Rice
subject: Adoption
subject: Smallholder Farmers
subject: Network Size
subject: Red River Delta

description: This study addresses factors influencing the adoption of specialty rice variety among smallholder farmers in Vietnam. We used a sample of 336 farmers from the Red River Delta who were interviewed between October and December 2014. We follow the adoption behavior model based on the utility maximization criterion and adopt a two-step approach, starting with a Probit model for determinants of specialty rice adoption before analyzing the intensity of adoption using a Tobit model. Overall, 50% of the probability of specialty rice adoption is explained by the selected independent variables such as: cultivated land, experience in growing rice, and network size. Tobit model estimates show that group membership (such as in agricultural cooperatives, farmer’s union, etc.) and possession of a two-wheel-tractor increase the share of land allocation to specialty rice production by 3.4% and 7.8% respectively. Based on the findings manifold social and political implications will be derived.
Chen Lie algebras
Creators: name: Papadima, Stefan
name: Suciu, Alexander I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F14, 20F40 (primary), 17B70, 52C35, 55P62, 57M25 (secondary)

description: The Chen groups of a finitely-presented group G are the lower central series quotients of its maximal metabelian quotient, G/G''. The direct sum of the Chen groups is a graded Lie algebra, with bracket induced by the group commutator. If G is the fundamental group of a formal space, we give an analog of a basic result of D. Sullivan, by showing that the rational Chen Lie algebra of G is isomorphic to the rational holonomy Lie algebra of G modulo the second derived subalgebra. Following an idea of W.S. Massey, we point out a connection between the Alexander invariant of a group G defined by commutator-relators, and its integral holonomy Lie algebra. As an application, we determine the Chen Lie algebras of several classes of geometrically defined groups, including surface-like groups, fundamental groups of certain classical link complements, and fundamental groups of complements of complex hyperplane arrangements. For link groups, we sharpen Massey and Traldi's solution of the Murasugi conjecture. For arrangement groups, we prove that the rational Chen Lie algebra is combinatorially determined.
description: 23 pages
Non-Clicks Mean Irrelevant? Propensity Ratio Scoring As a Correction
Creators: name: Wang, Nan
name: Qin, Zhen
name: Wang, Xuanhui
name: Wang, Hongning
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent advances in unbiased learning to rank (LTR) count on Inverse Propensity Scoring (IPS) to eliminate bias in implicit feedback. Though theoretically sound in correcting the bias introduced by treating clicked documents as relevant, IPS ignores the bias caused by (implicitly) treating non-clicked ones as irrelevant. In this work, we first rigorously prove that such use of click data leads to unnecessary pairwise comparisons between relevant documents, which prevent unbiased ranker optimization. Based on the proof, we derive a simple yet well justified new weighting scheme, called Propensity Ratio Scoring (PRS), which provides treatments on both clicks and non-clicks. Besides correcting the bias in clicks, PRS avoids relevant-relevant document comparisons in LTR training and enjoys a lower variability. Our extensive empirical evaluations confirm that PRS ensures a more effective use of click data and improved performance in both synthetic data from a set of LTR benchmarks, as well as in the real-world large-scale data from GMail search.
title: The Effect of Interactivity on Online Consumer Response: An Investigation into the UK Car Brand Websites
Creators: name: Discombe, Oya
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2005

description: The research presented in this thesis is concerned with the effects of interactivity on consumer responses to brands and their web sites within the context of consumer-brand interactions online. More specifically, this research aimed to determine: a) whether brands are perceived differently by consumers online versus offline, b) whether the interactivity of a brand's web site influenced consumer perceptions and attitudes to that brand and its web site, and, c) how brands add value to their web sites, and what effect the concept of value has in consumer-brand interactions online. To answer these research questions, a two-phase study was conducted. In the first phase, exploratory interviews with Internet and brand experts were conducted, and interview transcripts were analysed under Grounded Theory methodology guidelines. This exploratory phase allowed this researcher to develop an original conceptual model, grounded in empirical data and supported by extant literature. In the second phase of the study, the propositions emerging from the conceptual model were tested using data obtained from controlled laboratory experiments conducted with seventy-eight participants from the Open University staff and research students. The data was statistically analysed and substantial support was found for the model and the central proposition that interactivity of a web site would have a significant effect on how consumers evaluate, perceive and develop attitudes to the web site in question. This thesis helps fill a gap in academic literature in understanding the role of interactivity in consumer behaviour online. It also provides managerial contributions with the interactive features assessment tool, identification of the discrepancy between structural and perceived interactivity, and specific findings on consumer response variables, as these help managers better understand consumers' interactions with their web sites, and develop online branding strategies utilising the interactivity of the online medium and Internet technologies to better effect.
title: The development of the Islamic financial tradition in contemporary Britain
Creators: name: Housby, Elaine S.
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2005

description: This thesis considers developments in the provision of Islamic financial products in Britain in the first few years of the twenty-first century, in the light of some important debates about the situation of British Muslims, and of some more general debates within the sociology of religion. The opening chapter considers some of the main issues raised by the literature on British Muslims, and then moves on to outline the Islamic financial tradition. The two central chapters report some examples of Islamic financial activity, dividing these broadly into those related to the problem of Riba (fixed interest payment) and those which raise questions concerning Gharar (uncertainty and speculation). These chapters are largely based on material produced by the leading Islamic product providers and on media coverage of them. The final Analysis chapter relates this material to the wider theoretical issues outlined in the Introduction. It concludes that developments in Islamic finance present a challenge to conventional assumptions that there is an opposition between Islam and modernity, and to the established debate on secularisation. The activity here documented also undermines the traditional debate on multi-culturalism by demonstrating the creative interchange between Islamic tradition and twenty-first century Britain. The analysis further argues that developments in Islamic finance in Britain during the period studied were the product of factors very specific to the time and place. In particular the government played an important role in promoting these developments, for reasons related to its own political objectives.
The loss of the intra-cluster medium in globular clusters
Creators: name: Chantereau, W.
name: Biernacki, P.
name: Martig, M.
name: Bastian, N.
name: Salaris, M.
name: Teyssier, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stars in globular clusters (GCs) lose a non negligible amount of mass during their post-main sequence evolution. This material is then expected to build up a substantial intra-cluster medium (ICM) within the GC. However, the observed gas content in GCs is a couple of orders of magnitude below these expectations. Here we follow the evolution of this stellar wind material through hydrodynamical simulations to attempt to reconcile theoretical predictions with observations. We test different mechanisms proposed in the literature to clear out the gas such as ram-pressure stripping by the motion of the GC in the Galactic halo medium and ionisation by UV sources. We use the code ramses to run 3D hydrodynamical simulations to study for the first time the ICM evolution within discretised multi-mass GC models including stellar winds and full radiative transfer. We find that the inclusion of both ram-pressure and ionisation is mandatory to explain why only a very low amount of ionised gas is observed in the core of GCs. The same mechanisms operating in ancient GCs that clear the gas could also be efficient at younger ages, meaning that young GCs would not be able to retain gas and form multiple generations of stars as assumed in many models to explain "multiple populations". However, this rapid clearing of gas is consistent with observations of young massive clusters.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Validity of numerical trajectories in the synchronization transition of complex systems
Creators: name: Viana, R. L.
name: Grebogi, C.
name: Pinto, S. E. de S.
name: Lopes, S. R.
name: Batista, A. M.
name: Kurths, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the relationship between the loss of synchronization and the onset of shadowing breakdown {\it via} unstable dimension variability in complex systems. In the neighborhood of the critical transition to strongly non-hyperbolic behavior, the system undergoes on-off intermittency with respect to the synchronization state. There are potentially severe consequences of these facts on the validity of the computer-generated trajectories obtained from dynamical systems whose synchronization manifolds share the same non-hyperbolic properties.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
TAMS: Translation-Assisted Morphological Segmentation
Creators: name: Rice, Enora
name: Marashian, Ali
name: Gessler, Luke
name: Palmer, Alexis
name: von der Wense, Katharina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Canonical morphological segmentation is the process of analyzing words into the standard (aka underlying) forms of their constituent morphemes. This is a core task in language documentation, and NLP systems have the potential to dramatically speed up this process. But in typical language documentation settings, training data for canonical morpheme segmentation is scarce, making it difficult to train high quality models. However, translation data is often much more abundant, and, in this work, we present a method that attempts to leverage this data in the canonical segmentation task. We propose a character-level sequence-to-sequence model that incorporates representations of translations obtained from pretrained high-resource monolingual language models as an additional signal. Our model outperforms the baseline in a super-low resource setting but yields mixed results on training splits with more data. While further work is needed to make translations useful in higher-resource settings, our model shows promise in severely resource-constrained settings.
description: Submitted to ACL ARR on December 15th 2023
Dislocation nucleation in shocked fcc solids: effects of temperature and preexisting voids
Creators: name: Hatano, Takahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantitative behaviors of shock-induced dislocation nucleation are investigated by means of molecular dynamics simulations on fcc Lennard-Jones solids: a model Argon. In perfect crystals, it is found that Hugoniot elastic limit (HEL) is a linearly decreasing function of temperature: from near-zero to melting temperatures. In a defective crystal with a void, dislocations are found to nucleate on the void surface. Also HEL drastically decreases to 15 percent of the perfect crystal when a void radius is 3.4 nanometer. The decrease of HEL becomes larger as the void radius increases, but HEL becomes insensitive to temperature.
description: 4 pages. (ver.2) All figures have been revised. Two citations are newly added. Numerical unit is unified in the context of solid argon. (ver. 3) A minor revision including new references
An economic analysis of the seaweed industry in
Creators: name: O'Toole, Emma
name: Hynes, Stephen
name: O'Toole, Emma
name: Hynes, Stephen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Economic analysis
subject: seaweed
subject: Ireland
subject: Marine economy

description: This paper examines the seaweed industry in Ireland from an economic perspective and as such categorises the strengths and weakness of the industry as well as the opportunities available and any threats to successful growth that may exist. The Irish industry is analysed within its global and European context and the value chain of the industry within Ireland is presented. The findings from this research emphasise the continued need for forward thinking by government in relation to the development of a sustainable and profitable industry, where it appears that in reality little has changed over the past decade. The potential economic contribution offered by the industry could be significant given the quality and abundance of the resource along Irish coastlines but the industry to date remains an underdeveloped sector with an essentially non-existent share of the global market.
Small producer participation in export vegetable supply chains and poverty: evidence from different export schemes in Tanzania
Creators: name: Benali, Marwan
name: Brümmer, Bernhard
name: Afari-Sefa, Victor
name: Benali, Marwan
name: Brümmer, Bernhard
name: Afari-Sefa, Victor
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: small producers
subject: export supply chains
subject: horticulture
subject: endogenous switching regression
subject: household income
subject: Tanzania

description: With the rise and consolidation of modern supply chains, literature has put emphasis on the welfare effects for participating small producers but has often considered these effects through the comparison of participating producers with those not participating at all. Using an endogenous switching regression model, we assess in this paper the effects of small producer participation in export vegetable supply chains in Tanzania on household income and compare the effects of supplying two different types of French beans and snap peas export supply chains, defined as high-value (HVESC) and regular export supply chains (RESC), respectively. We find that participation in export supply chains increases producers’ household per capita income. We also find evidence that these effects may vary from one type of export supply chains to the other and are mainly driven by HVESC, which confirms that participation in export supply chains may have varying effects depending on individual circumstances and participation conditions. We also disaggregate the analysis with respect to the producers’ farm size and income level and find evidence that richer and larger producers benefit from supplying the HVESC while supplying the RESC can increase the household per capita income of some poorer producers.
title: Less is More: American Short Story Minimalism in Ernest Hemingway, Raymond Carver and Frederick Barthelme
Creators: name: Greaney, Philip John
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2006

description: This work suggests ways in which 'less' become 'more' in the minimalist approach of three American short story writers, Ernest Hemingway, Raymond Carver and Frederick Barthelme. By 'less', I mean minimalism's tendency to create a pared down, seemingly 'innocent' style; to use absence for effect; and to omit vital narrative details. By more, I mean the range and depth of emotional effects minimalism achieves, and the ways in which it demands the reader engage with the text. Minimalism achieves its effects because, not in spite of, its tendency towards reduction, its reliance on absence. The paring down process creates interpretative indeterminacy, by omitting apparently vital information. Hemingway may be thought of as the originator of the minimalist short story; Carver and Barthelme develop new ways to implicate the reader in the creation of the text, for example by suggesting that the reader is a voyeur, and through the use of the second person narrator. Together, minimalist writing might be reconsidered in light of the ways in which it demands reader engagement. My reader is an implied one and my choice of writers suggests ways in which the minimalist aesthetic developed; how it might be valued within literary history, and in the history of the American short story in particular. I consider Hemingway in terms of the origins of the minimalist approach in the short story, hence I offer a discussion of how his work developed within the context of literary history, as a reaction to both modernism and tradition. I conclude by suggesting that the status of minimalist writing in literary history might be reconsidered in light of a renewed understanding of how this seemingly impoverished, restrained and slight writing creates works of great richness, emotional intensity, and intellectual depth.
Manipulation, trapping, splitting and merging of water and aqueous bio-droplets by photovoltaic optoelectronic tweezers
Creators: name: Puerto, Andrés
name: Méndez, Angel
name: Arizmendi, Luis
name: García-Cabañes, Angel
name: Carrascosa, Mercedes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical and optoelectronic techniques for micro- and nano-object manipulation are becoming essential tools in nano- and bio-technology. A remarkable optoelectronic technique that has experimented a strong development in the last few years is the so called photovoltaic optoelectronic tweezers. It is based on the light-induced electric fields generated by the bulk photovoltaic effect in certain ferroelectrics such as LiNbO3. The technique is simple and versatile, enabling a successful manipulation of a large variety of micro- and nano-objects with only optical control, without the need of electrodes or power supplies. However, it is still a challenge for this tool, to handle objects immersed in aqueous solution due to the electric screening effects of polar liquids. This has hindered their application in biotechnology and biomedicine where most processes develop in aqueous solution. In this work, a new efficient route to overcome this problem has been proposed and demonstrated. It uses photovoltaic optoelectronic tweezers to manipulate aqueous droplets, immersed in a non-polar oil liquid, but hanging at the interface air-oil. In this singular configuration, the high electric fields generated in the photovoltaic substrate allow a simple and flexible manipulation of aqueous droplets controlled by the light. Droplet guiding, trapping, merging and splitting have been achieved and efficient operation with water and a variety of bio-droplets (DNA, sperm, and PBS solutions) have been demonstrated. The reported results overcome a main limitation of these tweezers to handle bio-materials and promises a high potential for biotechnological and biochemistry applications including their implementation in optofluidic devices.
Lattice QFT with FermiQCD
Creators: name: Di Pierro, Massimo
name: Flynn, Jonthan M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: FermiQCD is a C++ library for fast development of parallel Lattice Quantum Field Theory computations. It has been developed following a top-down fully Object Oriented design approach with focus on simplicity of use. FermiQCD includes: a heatbath algorithm for Wilson and $O(a^2)$ improved SU(n) gauge actions; inversion algorithms for Wilson, Clover, Kogut-Susskind, Asqtad, and Domain Wall fermionic actions; example programs for various types of meson propagators; and converters for the most common gauge file formats.
description: 6 pages
Simba: The average properties of the circumgalactic medium of $2 \leq z \leq 3$ quasars are determined primarily by stellar feedback
Creators: name: Sorini, Daniele
name: Davé, Romeel
name: Anglés-Alcázar, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the Simba cosmological hydrodynamic simulation suite to explore the impact of feedback on the circumgalactic medium (CGM) and intergalactic medium (IGM) around $2 \leq z \leq 3$ quasars. We identify quasars in Simba as the most rapidly-accreting black holes, and show that they are well-matched in bolometric luminosity and correlation strength to real quasars. We extract Lyman-alpha (Ly-a) absorption in spectra passing at different transverse distances (10 kpc $\lesssim b \lesssim$ 10 Mpc) around those quasars, and compare to observations of the mean Ly-a absorption profile. The observations are well reproduced, except within 100 kpc from the foreground quasar, where Simba overproduces absorption; this could potentially be mitigated by including ionisation from the quasar itself. By comparing runs with different feedback modules activated, we find that (mechanical) AGN feedback has little impact on the surrounding CGM even around these most highly luminous black holes, while stellar feedback has a significant impact. By further investigating thermodynamic and kinematic properties of CGM gas, we find that stellar feedback, and not AGN feedback, is the primary physical driver in determining the average properties of the CGM around $z\sim 2-3$ quasars. We also compare our results with previous works, and find that Simba predicts much more absorption within 100 kpc than the Nyx and Illustris simulations, showing that the Ly-a absorption profile can be a powerful constraint on simulations. Instruments such as VLT-MUSE and upcoming surveys (e.g., WEAVE and DESI) promise to further improve such constraints.
description: Published in MNRAS. This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in MNRAS following peer review. The version of record (Volume 499, Issue 2, December 2020, Pages 2760-2784) is available online at: https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/499/2/2760/5918000
Additional file 1 of The associations between red cell distribution width and plasma proteins in a general population
Creators: name: Pan, Jingxue
name: Borné, Yan
name: Orho-Melander, Marju
name: Nilsson, Jan
name: Melander, Olle
name: Engström, Gunnar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Circulating protein levels in the whole population.