Simplomys julii
Creators: name: Crespo, Vicente Daniel
name: Ríos, María
name: Marquina-Blasco, Rafael
name: Montoya, Plini
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Gliridae
Simplomys
Simplomys julii

description: Simplomys julii (Daams, 1989)
(Fig. 9)
LOCALITIES. — MCX3, BC1, FS1, MAB0A, MAB0C, MAB3, MAB4, MAB5, MAB9, MAB10, MAB11, CBR0B, CBR0C and CBR1).
MATERIAL. — MCX3: 1 M1, 2 M2; BC1: 1 d4, 3 m2, 1 m3, 3 P4, 2 M1, 4 M2; FS1: 1 m2, 3 M1, 1 M2, 1 M3; MAB 0A: 1 p4, 4 m1, 2 m2, 1 m3, 1 D4, 2 P4, 1 M1, 3 M2, 2 M3; MAB 0C: 1 M3; MAB3: 1 p4, 3 m1, 2 m2, 4 m3, 1 D4, 2 P4, 3 M1, 6 M2, 2 M3; MAB4: 1 m3; MAB5: 3 p4, 5 m1, 6 m2, 3 m3, 1 D4, 6 P4, 9 M1, 7 M2, 8 M3; MAB9: 1 m3; MAB10: 1 m1, 1 P4; MAB11: 2 m1, 1 m3, 1 P4, 1 M1, 2 M2, 2 M3; CBR 0B: 2 m1, 1 m2, 4 M1, 1 M2, 2 M3; CBR 0C: 1 M2; CBR1: 1 p4, 1 m2, 1 m3.
MEASUREMENTS. — Appendix 12
DESCRIPTION
d4 (BC1)
The tooth has a sub-rounded outline. A crestid encircles it, surrounding a deep valley, and connected to a cuspid near the posterolabial part. Two roots are present and openly arranged. In MAB0A the mesoconid is completely isolated. In MAB3 the anterolophid is short and attached to the protolophid, the mesolophid and the posterolophid, forming an ellipse.
p4 (MAB 5)
Tooth rounded in outline. The anterolophid may be small and isolated (1 out of 3), low and attached to the posterior crestids (1 out of 3) or absent (1 out of 3). In two specimens the metalophid is well developed and less developed in the others. The anteroconid, the entoconid and the hypoconid are well developed. The entoconid and the hypoconid may be connected by a long posteroloph (2 out of 3), or the mesolophid may be short and isolated and the posterolophid long and connected to the hypoconid (1 out of 3). A root is present. The specimens found in CBR 1 are similar to those described here.
m1 (MAB 5)
The tooth is sub-rectangular and with high crestids. The anterolophid may be short (4 out of 5) or of medium size (1 out of 5). The metaconid may be disconnected (4 out of 5), or with a low connection to the anteroconid (1 out of 5). The metalophid is curved and short. Both the centrolophid and the endolophid may be absent (3 out of 5), or the endolophid may be present but merely as a spur (2 out of 5). The mesolophid and the posterolophid are long and not connected. In one specimen the mesolophid is divided. The labial cuspids are more developed than the lingual cuspids. There are no accessory crestids. The specimens found in MAB 10, MAB 11 and CBR 0B follow this description. In MAB 0A there is one individual with endolophid and another one with the mesolophid and the posterolophid connected. In MAB 3 there are two specimens with the anteroconid and the metaconid well connected, and the mesolophid and the posterolophid with a low connection.
m2 (MAB 5)
The tooth is rectangular in outline and with high crestids. The anterolophid may be long (2 out of 6) or of intermediate size (4 out of 6). The metaconid is low-connected to the anteroconid. The metalophid is curved and long. The centrolophid is absent. The endolophid is only a spur. The mesolophid and the posterolophid are long, curved and may be low-connected (1 out of 5) or disconnected (4 out of 5). In one specimen the mesolophid is divided and has a posterior spur. The labial cuspids are more developed than the lingual ones. The posterior valley is only slightly wider than the other ones. There are no extra crestids. The specimens found in MAB 3 and CBR 1 are similar to those described here. In BC1 the metalophid is split in two and the endolophid is absent. In FS1 and MAB 0A there is no endolophid. In CBR 0B the anterolophid is isolated, the metalophid is split in two, and the mesolophid is slightly divided.
m3 (MAB 5)
The tooth is reduced and D-shaped in occlusal view. The anterolophid may be short and isolated (1 out of 3), or long and connected to the anteroconid (2 out of 3). The metalophid is long, curved and in one specimen it is divided in two. The endolophid is absent and without centrolophids. The mesolophid and the posterolophid are fused, forming a robust crestid and isolated from the anterior crestid. The specimens found in MAB 3, MAB 4, MAB 9, MAB 11, and CBR 1 are similar to those described above. In BC1 the anterolophid is short and connected to the anteroconid, the mesolophid is short and isolated, and the posterolophid is highly developed.In MAB 0A the mesolophid and the posterolophid are long and disconnected.
D4 (MAB 5)
The outline is subtriangular. The anteroloph is short, located in the labial part and isolated at its ends; it is connected in the middle part of the tooth with the protoloph. The protoloph is divided and connected to the anteroloph and the metaloph. The metaloph is well developed. The protocone is poorly developed. The posteroloph is short but longer than the anteroloph and isolated. In MAB 0A the anteroloph is isolated and the protoloph is short and isolated.
P4 (MAB 5)
The tooth has a sub-rounded outline. The anteroloph is very short, located on the labial side and isolated. The protoloph and the metaloph are well developed, arranged in a Y-shape. In two specimens the protoloph is divided. The protocone may be highly developed (3 out of 6) or not (3 out of 6). The posteroloph is short, but longer than the anteroloph and it is isolated. The specimens found in in MAB 0A and MAB 11 fit in this description. In the specimens from BC1 both the protoloph and the metaloph may be connected to the protocone, or only the metaloph may be connected or they may be isolated. In MAB 3, the anteroloph may be long and connected to the protoloph, the metaloph may be isolated. and the posteroloph may be short. In MAB 10 the protoloph and the metaloph are short and the posteroloph is connected to the protocone.
M1 (MAB 5)
The tooth is hypsodont and subquadrangular in shape. The anteroloph is long, in one specimen it is short and the anterolabial cusp is independent and lingually and labially isolated. The protoloph and the metaloph form the typical Y, joining near the lingual face. In two specimens the protoloph has a spur towards the anterior part. In another individual there is an ectoloph isolated from the rest of the crests. The centrolophs are absent. The posteroloph is long and is isolated at both of its ends. The specimens found in MCX3 are similar to those described here. In BC1 the posteroloph is short. In two teeth from FS1 the protoloph has two backward-directed spurs and the metaloph one, whereas in another specimen there is one spur in each crest. In MAB 0A the anteroloph and the posteroloph are shorter. In MAB 3, the anteroloph is short and in one individual it is divided in two, and in another one the metaloph and the posteroloph are joined by a medial crest In MAB 11 the anteroloph is short and the anterolabial cusp is independent, the protoloph has an anterior spur and the metaloph a posterior spur. In CBR 0B the anteroloph is short; in one specimen the protoloph and the metaloph form a V-shaped connection and the posteroloph is short.
M2 (MAB 5)
The tooth is hypsodont and subquadrangular in shape, but narrower than the M1. The anteroloph is long and it may be isolated lingually and labially (4 out of 6), or with a low connection on the labial side (2 out of 6). The protoloph and the metaloph form the typical Y, joining near the lingual side. No centrolophs are present. The posteroloph may be short and isolated (2 out of 6) or connected on both sides (4 out of 6). The specimens found in MCX3, BC1, FS1, MAB 0A and MAB 11 are similar to those described here. In a specimen from MAB 3 the posteroloph is connected on both sides. In the specimen from CBR 0B there is a protoloph-anteroloph connection in the middle of the tooth.
M3 (MAB 5)
The outline is subquadrangular.The anteroloph is long and it may be isolated (3 out of 8), connected to the protoloph only on the labial side (4 out of 8), or on both sides (1 out of 8). There are no centrolophs. The protoloph and metaloph may be connected forming a Y-shape near the lingual side (7 out of 8) or have only a low connection on the lingual side (1out of8). The metaloph and the posteroloph may be disconnected (4 out of 7), be connected only on the lingual side (2 out of 7), or on both sides (1 out of 7). In one specimen the posteroloph contacts the protocone and the metaloph is isolated.The posteroloph is short.The specimens found in FS1, MAB 0A, MAB 0C and CBR 0B fit in this description.InMAB3,the anteroloph forms an ellipsewith the protoloph, while the protoloph and the metaloph form an X. In one tooth from MAB 11 the posterior part is less reduced,in another one the protoloph and the metaloph do not contact and the metaloph is short;in the material from this site the posteroloph may be longer.
REMARKS
Simplomys julii has only been found in the Early-Middle Miocene (MN3 to MN5) from France and Spain (Agustí 1990; Aguilar et al. 1999; Morales et al. 1999; Aguilar & Lazzari 2006; Van der Meulen et al. 2012). This species occurs scarcely, in the Iberian Peninsula it has only been found in the Calatayud-Montalbán Basin, Córcoles and Els Casots sites(Morales et al. 1999, García-Paredes et al. 2009, Casanovas-Vilar et al. 2022). This is the first time it is reported in the Ribesalbes-Alcora Basin.
Simplomys julii is the smallest species of the genus. Apart from its size it is easily distinguishable from the rest of species in having a smaller concavity and less-developed centrolophids (García-Paredes et al. 2009). Morphologically and biometrically, the material from the Ribesalbes-Alcora Basin is similar to the one described byDaams (1989) andGarcía-Paredes et al. (2009). Although not a very abundant taxon in the Calatayud-Montalbán Basin (García-Paredes et al. 2009), it is one of the most abundant dormice in the Ribesalbes-Alcora sites.
description: Published as part of Crespo, Vicente Daniel, Ríos, María, Marquina-Blasco, Rafael & Montoya, Plini, 2023, They are all over the place! The exceptional high biodiversity of dormice in the Early Miocene of the Ribesalbes-Alcora Basin (Spain), pp. 589-641 in Geodiversitas 45 (20) on pages 611-613, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2023v45a20, http://zenodo.org/record/10137206