Sphenoptera Dejean 1833
Creators: name: Ghahari, Hassan
name: Volkovitsh, Mark G.
name: Bellamy, Charles L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Buprestidae
Sphenoptera

description: Genus SPHENOPTERA Dejean, 1833
synonym: Depsaria Gistel 1856.
Sphenoptera abbaspouri Obenberger (nomen nudum): Radjabi 1968: 76 (as abbss-pouri); Modarres Awal 1997: 138; Borumand 2002: 24.
[subgenus Deudora].
Distribution within Iran. Tehran (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002). Note. Undescribed species (M. Kalashian, personal communication), specimen(s) deposited in Obenberger’s collection (Prague, Czech Republic).
Sphenoptera abbreviata Jakovlev 1899a: 104; Radjabi 1968: 76; Modarres Awal 1997: 138; Borumand 2002: 19; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 362; Bellamy 2008b: 638; Kalashian & Volkovitsh 2009: 412. [subgenus Sphenoptera].
Distribution within Iran. Ilam (Borumand 2002), Kermanshah (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997), Lorestan (Obenberger 1927a), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Turkey (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Note. Record for Iran in Volkovitsh & Kalashian (2006) based on the type specimen of S. abbreviata hetera (Obenberger 1927a), currently a synonym of S. obruta Kerremans 1909 (see below). The presence of this species in Iran needs confirmation.
Sphenoptera acuminata Jakovlev 1898a: 331; Radjabi 1968: 76, 1976: 129; Modarres Awal 1997: 138; Borumand 2002: 24; Kalashian et al. 2005b: 92; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 357; Bellamy 2008b: 639. [subgenus Deudora].
Distribution within Iran. Fars (Radjabi 1968, 1976; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Golestan (Jakovlev 1898a; Kerremans 1913; Obenberger 1929d), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.
Sphenoptera aeneomicans Kraatz in Heyden & Kraatz 1882: 317; Kalashian et al. 2005b: 91; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 357; Sakenin et al. 2008: 36; Bellamy 2008b: 640. synonym: unidentata Jakovlev 1891: 137.
synonym: veselyi Obenberger 1915: 53.
synonym: aladaghensis Obenberger 1920a: 116.
synonym: aeneofulgens Obenberger 1929d: 26, 120.
synonym: persica Obenberger 1929d: 26, 121; Radjabi 1974: 40. synonym: ushinskii Obenberger 1929d: 26; 122.
synonym: ahriman Obenberger 1929d: 48; Bílý 1983a: 79.
synonym: amasiae Obenberger 1929d: 49.
synonym: baicalensis Obenberger 1929d: 53.
synonym: fabichi Obenberger 1952b: 14.
synonym: fleischeri Obenberger 1952b: 15.
synonym: moganensis Obenberger 1955a: 12.
synonym: hoberlandti Obenberger 1955a: 13.
[subgenus Deudora].
Distribution within Iran. Fars (Bílý 1983a, as ahriman), Guilan (Sakenin et al. 2008), Khorasan (type of aladaghensis) (Obenberger 1920a, 1929d), Lorestan (types of persica, ahriman) (Obenberger 1929d), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Sphenoptera aerata Jakovlev 1887a: 62; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 362; Bellamy 2008b: 640, 652 (as areata). [subgenus Sphenoptera].
Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Jakovlev 1887a; Kerremans 1913; Obenberger 1927a; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Note. Records for Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan in Bellamy (2008b) are dubious.
Sphenoptera althaeae Obenberger 1929d: 17, 112; Kalashian et al. 2005b: 94; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 358; Bellamy 2008b: 643.
[subgenus Deudora].
Distribution within Iran. Khuzestan (Obenberger 1929d), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.
Sphenoptera ambigua (Klug) 1829: No. 28 (Buprestis); Bílý 1983a: 79; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 358; Bellamy 2008b: 644.
[subgenus Deudora].
Distribution within Iran. Mazandaran (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. Iraq, Syria (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Sphenoptera amoena Jakovlev 1901a: 183; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 355; Bellamy 2008b: 644. [subgenus Chrysoblemma].
Distribution within Iran. Sistan & Baluchestan (Jakovlev 1901a; Kerremans 1913), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan (Bellamy 2008b), Turkmenistan (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006). Note. Records for Armenia and Azerbaijan in Bellamy (2008b) are erroneous.
Sphenoptera anthaxoides Reitter 1895a: 42; Radjabi 1968: 79, 1976: 129; Bílý 1983a: 80; Modarres Awal 1997: 138; Borumand 2002: 28; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 368; Bellamy 2008b: 646 (subgenus Hoplistura). [subgenus Tropeopeltis].
Immatures: Richter 1940: 241; Alexeev 1981a: 76; Zykov 1995: 51.
Biology/Bionomy: Richter 1940: 244.
Distribution within Iran. East Azarbaijan (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Fars (Radjabi 1968, 1976; Bílý 1983a; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Kuhgiloyeh & Boyerahmad (Bílý 1983a; Borumand 2002), Kerman, Tehran (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006), Iraq (Bellamy 2008b).
Sphenoptera anthracina Jakovlev 1887a: 78; Radjabi 1976: 129; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 362; Bellamy 2008b: 646, Kalashian & Volkovitsh 2009: 412; Ghobari et al. 2012: 237.
synonym: atramentaria Jakovlev 1900: 500; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of anthracina), 362. synonym: furva Jakovlev 1908a: 215; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of anthracina), 362; Barimani et al. 2012: 192.
synonym: tenebricosa Jakovlev 1908a: 215; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of anthracina), 362. [subgenus Sphenoptera].
Host plant(s) within Iran. Astragalus anseanthus, A. gossypinus (Fabaceae) (Barimani et al. 2012). Distribution within Iran. "Perse: Chakhou" (type of anthracina) (Jakovlev 1887a). Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari, Fars (Radjabi 1976), Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), Mazandaran (Barimani et al. 2012), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Sphenoptera antiqua (Illiger) 1803: 247 (Buprestis); Kalashian et al. 2005b: 97; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 362; Bellamy 2008b: 647.
synonym: inaequalis (Steven) 1829: 287 (Buprestis).
synonym: dianthi (Steven) 1829: 286 (Buprestis).
synonym: litigiosa Mannerheim 1837: 94.
synonym: iridiventris Gory & Laporte 1839: 7.
synonym: variolosa Kerremans 1898b: 299.
synonym: serena Jakovlev 1900: 407.
synonym: quercii Leoni 1911: 5.
synonym: georgica Obenberger 1916: 248; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of antiqua), 362. synonym: lineigera Obenberger 1920a: 115; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of antiqua), 362. synonym: melitta Obenberger 1927a: 88.
synonym: oreophila Obenberger 1927a: 90; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of antiqua), 362. synonym: danaica Obenberger 1927a: 92.
synonym: helladicola Obenberger 1927a: 92 (subspecies of georgica). synonym: korbi Obenberger 1927a: 93; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of antiqua), 362. synonym: ausonica Obenberger 1927a: 95 (subspecies of antiqua). synonym: earo Obenberger 1929d: 27, 123.
[subgenus Sphenoptera].
Immatures: Bílý 1999: 15.
Biology/Bionomy: Bílý 2003: 72.
Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Macedonia, Moldavia, Morocco, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
* Sphenoptera antiqua pernitens Obenberger 1927a: 94 (subspecies of antiqua); Radjabi 1968: 76; Modarres Awal 1997: 138; Borumand 2002: 19; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 362; Bellamy 2008b: 649. Distribution within Iran. Tehran (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Iran (no locality cited) (Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. Turkey (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006).
Note. The records for Iran may refer to the next subspecies.
Sphenoptera antiqua ramosula Obenberger 1927a: 95 (subspecies of antiqua); Bílý 1983a: 77; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 362; Bellamy 2008b: 649.
Distribution within Iran. East Azarbaijan (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006).
Sphenoptera arcana Jakovlev 1908a: 211; Obenberger 1927a: 46, 53; Kalashian et al. 2005b: 97; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 362; Bellamy 2008b: 650.
synonym: assuricola Obenberger 1920a: 121.
synonym: baghdadensis Obenberger 1929b: 13.
synonym: heliochaera Obenberger 1929d: 17, 111 (variety of assuricola). synonym: morgani Obenberger 1929d: 18, 114 (part.).
synonym: stella Obenberger 1952b: 5.
synonym: teheranica Obenberger 1952b: 6.
[subgenus Sphenoptera].
Distribution within Iran. "Perse septentrionale" (Jakovlev 1908a; Obenberger 1927a). Fars (Obenberger 1952b, type of stella), Lorestan (paralectotype of morgani), Tehran (Jakovlev 1908a, lectotype of arcana; Obenberger 1952b, type of teheranica), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. Iraq, Turkey (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Sphenoptera arguta Jakovlev 1900c: 440 (subgenus Hoplandrocneme); Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 360; Bellamy 2008b: 652.
[subgenus Hoplistura].
Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Jakovlev 1900; Kerremans 1913; Obenberger 1927f; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.
Sphenoptera armena (Steven) 1829: 286 (Buprestis); Kalashian et al. 2005b: 93; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 358; Bellamy 2008b: 652 (Sphenoptera s.str.).
[subgenus Deudora].
Distribution within Iran. West Azarbaijan (Steven 1829), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.
Sphenoptera artemisiae Reitter 1889: 281; Radjabi 1968: 75; Bílý 1983a: 81; Modarres Awal 1997: 138; Borumand 2002: 25; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 355; Bellamy 2008b: 653. synonym: caucasica Jakovlev 1891: 138.
synonym: molitor Reitter 1890e: 170 (variety of artemisiae); Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of artemisiae).
[subgenus Chrysoblemma].
Distribution within Iran. Fars (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Khorasan (Jakovlev 1903a, var. molitor; Kerremans 1913), Qazvin (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Israel, Turkey, Turkmenistan (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Sphenoptera balassogloi Jakovlev 1885: 131; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2003: 339, 2006: 360; Bellamy 2008b: 655. synonym: protracta Jakovlev 1885: 133.
synonym: flagrans Semenov-Tian-Shankij 1896b: 348.
synonym: morawitzi Semenov-Tian-Shankij 1897: 248; Bílý 1983a: 81. synonym: venusta Jakovlev 1904b: 309 (subgenus Hoplandrocneme). [subgenus Hoplistura].
Distribution within Iran. Bushehr (Bílý 1983a, as morawitzi), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2003, 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2003).
* Sphenoptera bellatrix Obenberger 1927f: 185; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 360; Bellamy 2008b: 660. [subgenus Hoplistura].
Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. Iraq (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006).
Note. The record for Iran in Bellamy (2008) is doubtful, this species is described and known only from Iraq (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006).
Sphenoptera bicarinata Jakovlev 1887a: 77; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 363; Bellamy 2008b: 662, Kalashian & Volkovitsh 2009: 413.
[subgenus Sphenoptera].
Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Jakovlev 1887a; Obenberger 1927a; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. Armenia (Kalashian & Volkovitsh 2009).
* Sphenoptera bodemeyeri Jakovlev 1900: 501; Radjabi 1968: 76; Modarres Awal 1997: 139; Borumand 2002: 20; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 363; Bellamy 2008b: 663; Kalashian & Volkovitsh 2009: 406. synonym: quadrata Kerremans 1909: 279; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 366; Bellamy 2008b: 770; Kalashian & Volkovitsh 2009: 406 (synonym of bodemeyeri).
[subgenus Sphenoptera].
Distribution within Iran. Isfahan (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Iran (no locality cited) (Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. Turkey (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b; Kalashian & Volkovitsh 2009). Note. The record for Iran needs confirmation.
Sphenoptera boisduvali Obenberger 1927a: 77; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 363; Sakenin et al. 2008: 35; Bellamy 2008b: 664.
[subgenus Sphenoptera].
Host plant(s) within Iran. Fraxinus excelsior (Oleaceae) (Sakenin et al. 2008). Distribution within Iran. Mazandaran (Sakenin et al. 2008), Sistan & Baluchestan (Obenberger 1927a), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.
Note. Record for Fraxinus as a host plant (Sakenin et al. 2008) is doubtful.
Sphenoptera cauta Jakovlev 1904a: 183; Bílý 1983a: 79 (as palea Obenberger); Kalashian et al. 2005a: 80; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 353; Bellamy 2008b: 669; Barimani et al. 2009: 65, 2010: 131; Ghobari et al. 2012: 238.
synonym: maja Jakovlev 1908b: 516
synonym: wagneri Obenberger 1926b: 197, 200.
synonym: dryadis Obenberger 1926b: 208.
synonym: rambouseki Théry, 1928: 132.
synonym: petriceki Obenberger 1952c: 57.
synonym: danubiana Obenberger 1952c: 58 (nomen novum for parvula Auctorum). synonym: damascena Obenberger 1952c: 58.
synonym: iberica Obenberger 1952c: 88.
synonym: oeneis Obenberger 1952c: 88.
[subgenus Chilostetha].
Immatures: Alexeev 1981a: 76 (as palea).
Biology/Bionomy: Bílý 2003: 73 (as petriceki).
Distribution within Iran. Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), Mazandaran (Bílý 1983a, as palea; Barimani et al. 2009, 2010), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006). Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Austria, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Jordan, Macedonia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Syria, Turkey (subsp. cauta), Kazakhstan, Russia, Ukraine (subsp. palea) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
* Sphenoptera chalybea Ménétriés 1848: 30; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 363; Bellamy 2008b: 671. synonym: askhabadensis Obenberger 1927a: 62; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of chalybea), 363. synonym: schelli Obenberger 1927a: 62.
[subgenus Sphenoptera].
Biology/Bionomy: Kaplin 1981 (as halybae) (with bibliography).
Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, * Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Note. Records for Iran and Azerbaijan in Bellamy (2008b) need confirmation.
Sphenoptera chusistanica Obenberger 1926b: 201; Bílý 1983a: 79; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 353; Bellamy 2008b: 673.
[subgenus Chilostetha].
Distribution within Iran. Fars (Bílý 1983a), Khuzestan (Obenberger 1926b), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.
Sphenoptera clarescens Kerremans 1909: 283; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 363; Bellamy 2008b: 673 (Chilostetha).
[subgenus Sphenoptera].
Host plant(s) within Iran. Chondrilla juncea L., Lactuca orientalis (Boiss.), Cichorium intybus L. (Astreraceae); under laboratory condition: Lactuca sativa L., Cichorium endivia L., Taraxacum officinale Weber, Sonchus aster (L.), Scorzonera hispanica L., Calendula officinalis L., Chrysanthemum sp. (Asteraceae) (Hasan 1978). Biology/Bionomy: Hasan 1978: 19.
Immatures: Hasan 1978: 19.
Distribution within Iran. Lorestan (Kerremans 1913; Obenberger 1927a; Hasan 1978), Tehran (Hasan 1978), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.
Note. Species studied by Hasan (1978) as a potential candidate for biological control of skeleton weed (Chondrilla juncea L.) in Tehran have possibly been misidentified. A few specimens collected by Hasan near Tehran and deposited in Obenberger’s collection (NMPC) were re-identified as S. (Deudora) aeneomicans Kr. (M. Kalashian, personal communication).
Sphenoptera coerulea Jakovlev 1898b: 559; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 357; Bellamy 2008b: 674. [subgenus Cyphostetha].
Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Jakovlev 1898b; Kerremans 1913; Obenberger 1927a; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Turkmenistan (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Sphenoptera coracina (Steven) 1829: 286 (Buprestis); Salavatian 1950: 9; Radjabi 1968: 76, 77; Modarres Awal 1997: 139; Borumand 2002: 20; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 363; Bellamy 2008b: 676; Kalashian & Volkovitsh 2009: 410.
synonym: babel Marseul 1865: 340; Radjabi 1968: 76 (variety of coracina); Modarres Awal 1997: 139 (variety of coracina).
synonym: clauda Marseul 1865: 341; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of coracina), 363. synonym: quadrifoveolata Marseul 1865: 356.
synonym: parnassica Jakovlev 1887a: 74.
synonym: crassiceps Jakovlev 1887a: 75; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of coracina), 363. synonym: thoracica Jakovlev 1887a: 80; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of coracina), 364. synonym: dichroa Jakovlev 1887b: 112; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of coracina), 363. synonym: aethiops Jakovlev 1891: 129; Théry 1925: 80; Radjabi 1968: 76; Bílý 1983a: 75 (as ethiops [sic!]); Modarres Awal 1997: 138; Borumand 2002:19; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of coracina), 363; Sakenin et al. 2008: 36.
synonym: rugata Kerremans 1903: 112.
synonym: hartmanni Obenberger 1927a: 11; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of coracina), 363. synonym: mrazi Obenberger 1927a: 30.
synonym: poetica Obenberger 1927a: 35.
synonym: korenskyi Obenberger 1927a: 37, 41; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of coracina), 363. synonym: tatarica Obenberger 1927a: 38.
[subgenus Sphenoptera].
Host plant(s) within Iran. (Adult) Rosa canina (Rosaceae) (Sakenin et al. 2008). Distribution within Iran. Fars, Tehran (Radjabi 1968, Bílý 1983a, as ethiops; Borumand 2002, as aethiops), Golestan (Sakenin et al. 2008, as aethiops), Hamadan, Zanjan (Théry 1925, as aethiops), Isfahan (Salavatian 1950; Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002, as aethiops), Kerman, Khuzestan, Mazandaran (Bílý 1983a, as ethiops), Sistan & Baluchestan (Radjabi 1968; Borumand 2002), Iran (no locality cited) (Obenberger 1927a, as aethiops; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Greece, Iraq, Israel, Macedonia, Lebanon, Russia, Syria, Turkey, Ukraine (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Note. The record of Rosa as a host plant is erroneous, this species outside Iran associated with Astragalus (Fabaceae).
Sphenoptera cunea Marseul 1865: 346; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 364; Bellamy 2008b: 679. [subgenus Sphenoptera].
Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Marseul 1865; Kerremans 1913; Obenberger 1927a; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. Iraq, Turkey (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
* Sphenoptera cuprifrons Faldermann, 1835: 153; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 364; Bellamy 2008b: 680. [subgenus Sphenoptera].
Distribution within Iran. Isfahan, Khorasan, Lorestan (Marseul 1865; Kerremans 1912; Obenberger 1927a). Distribution outside Iran. "Transcaucasia" (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Note. Dubious species; the type depositary is unknown.
* Sphenoptera curta Jakovlev 1885: 131; Kalashian et al. 2005b: 96; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 358; Bellamy 2008b: 681.
synonym: caspica Jakovlev 1904a: 184.
synonym: plavilscikovi Obenberger 1952b: 18; Bílý 1983a: 78. [subgenus Deudora].
Biology/Bionomy: Kaplin 1981 (as caspica).
Distribution within Iran. Lorestan (Bílý 1983a, as plavilscikovi), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Note. Probably misidentification; this species is distributed in the Middle Asian sandy deserts.
Sphenoptera cyanea Jakovlev 1898b: 558; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 364; Bellamy 2008b: 682. [subgenus Sphenoptera].
Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. Afganistan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Sphenoptera cyaneoniger Kerremans 1909: 275; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 364; Bellamy 2008b: 682. [subgenus Sphenoptera].
Distribution within Iran. Lorestan (as cyaneonigra [sic!]) (Obenberger 1927a), Iran (no locality cited) (Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. Turkey (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Sphenoptera cylindricollis Marseul 1866: 401; Bílý 1983a: 82; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 355; Bellamy 2008b: 683.
synonym: henonii Fairmaire in Fairmaire & Coquerel 1866: 26. synonym: alfredi Reitter 1900: 85.
[subgenus Chrysoblemma].
Distribution within Iran. Bushehr (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. Algeria, Egypt (Sinai), Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
* Sphenoptera dadkhani Obenberger, 1955b: 90; Modarres Awal 1997: 139; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 368; Bellamy 2008b: 684.
[subgenus Tropeopeltis].
Host plant(s) within Iran. Apricot (Prunus armeniaca; Rosaceae) (Modarres Awal 1997). Distribution within Iran. Khorasan (Modarres Awal 1997).
Distribution outside Iran. India, Pakistan (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Note. Most probably a misidentification of S. servistana Obenberger 1929; species is known only from Pakistan.
Sphenoptera davatchii Descarpentries 1960: 175; Radjabi 1968: 79, 1972: 38, 1976: 129; Modarres Awal 1997: 139; Borumand 2002: 28; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 368; Bellamy 2008b: 684 (subgenus Hoplistura); Ghobari et al. 2012: 238.
[subgenus Tropeopeltis].
Immatures: Radjabi 1971: 208.
Biology/Bionomy: Radjabi 1971: 203-227, 1972: 38.
Host plant(s) within Iran. Prunus sp. (Rosaceae) (Descarpentries 1960); Almond (Amygdalus sp.), apricot, garden plum, peach, plum, sour cherry (Prunus spp., Rosaceae) and many other cold region fruit trees (Modarres Awal 1997).
Distribution within Iran. East Azarbaijan, Fars, Tehran (Radjabi 1968; Borumand 2002), Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), Yazd (Radjabi 1976), generally distributed (Radjabi 1968, 1976; Behdad 1988; Zomorrodi 1990; Modarres Awal 1997), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.
Note. Two parasitoid wasps, Heydenia pretiosa Förster, 1856 (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) (4♀, 1♂) and Eupelmus muellneri Ruschka, 1921 (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) (2♀) were collected as the parasitoids of Sphenoptera davatchii in Piranshahr (West Azarbaijan province).
Sphenoptera demissa Marseul 1865: 365; Kalashian et al. 2005b: 98; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 364; Bellamy 2008b: 685; Ghobari et al. 2012: 237.
synonym: ganglbaueri Jakovlev 1886: 85; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of demissa), 364. synonym: komarovi Jakovlev 1886: 86; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of demissa), 364. synonym: obscura Jakovlev 1891: 130; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of demissa), 364. synonym: profusa Kerremans 1909: 277; Bílý 1983a: 76; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of demissa), 364.
synonym: agrippina Kerremans 1911: 633; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of demissa), 364. synonym: ajax Kerremans 1913: 137; Radjabi 1968, 1976: 129; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of demissa), 364.
synonym: breiti Obenberger 1920a: 117.
synonym: shahrudensis Obenberger 1927a: 55 (variety of ajax); Salavatian 1950: 10; Radjabi 1968: 76, 1976: 129; Bílý 1983a: 76; Modarres Awal 1997: 138; Borumand 2002: 19; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of demissa), 364.
synonym: kaszabi Obenberger 1963: 321; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of demissa), 364. [subgenus Sphenoptera].
Distribution within Iran. Fars (as ajax shahrudensis) (Salavatian 1950; Radjabi 1968, 1976; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), Lorestan (Kerremans 1913, types of agrippina, profusa; Obenberger 1927a, as agrippina, profusa), Mazandaran (Bílý 1983a, as profusa), Semnan (type of shahrudensis) (Obenberger 1927a), Tehran (Bílý 1983a, as ajax shahrudensis), "Perse" (type of ganglbaueri) (Jakovlev 1886), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, "Caucasus", Iraq, Turkey, Turkmenistan (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Sphenoptera eddin Jakovlev 1903a: 266; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2001: 197, 2006: 355; Bellamy 2008b: 692. [subgenus Chrysoblemma].
Distribution within Iran. Sistan & Baluchestan (Jakovlev 1903a; Kerremans 1913), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. Pakistan (subspecies pakistana Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2001 (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Sphenoptera edmundi Jakovlev 1900b: 425; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 364; Bellamy 2008b: 692; Kalashian & Volkovitsh 2008: 207.
synonym: oporina Jakovlev 1903b: 386; Radjabi 1968: 77, 1976: 129; Modarres Awal 1997: 140; Borumand 2002: 23; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 366; Bellamy 2008b: 753; Kalashian & Volkovitsh 2008: 207 (synonym of edmundi).
[subgenus Sphenoptera].
Distribution within Iran. Fars (Radjabi 1968, 1976; Borumand 2002, as oporina, var.?), Tehran (Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002, as oporina), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Kalashian & Volkovitsh 2008).
Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey (Kalashian & Volkovitsh 2008).
Sphenoptera esfandiarii Obenberger (nomen nudum): Radjabi 1968: 76; Modarres Awal 1997: 139; Borumand 2002: 25.
[subgenus Deudora].
Distribution within Iran. Sistan & Baluchestan (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002). Note. Undescribed species (M. Kalashian, personal communication), specimen(s) deposited in Obenberger’s collection (Prague, Czech Republic).
Sphenoptera eugenii Jakovlev 1898b: 554; Bílý 1983a: 78 (as eugeni); Borumand 2002: 20 (as eugeni); Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 364; Bellamy 2008b: 695; Kalashian & Volkovitsh 2008: 207; Ghobari et al. 2012: 238.
synonym: cyaniventris Obenberger 1927a: 23; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 364; Bellamy 2008b: 682; Kalashian & Volkovitsh 2008: 207 (synonym of eugenii).
synonym: leonhardi Obenberger 1927a: 25; Salavatian 1950: 9; Radjabi 1968: 77, 1976: 129; Modarres Awal 1997: 139; Borumand 2002: 22; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 365; Bellamy 2008b: 730; Kalashian & Volkovitsh 2008: 207 (synonym of eugenii).
synonym: maga Obenberger, 1927a: 26; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 365; Bellamy 2008b: 735; Kalashian & Volkovitsh 2008: 207 (synonym of eugenii).
[subgenus Sphenoptera].
Distribution within Iran. " Persia: Poucht-é Kouh" (Obenberger 1927a, type of leonhardi). Alborz (Bílý 1983a; Borumand 2002), Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari (Obenberger 1927a, type of leonhardi), Fars (Obenberger 1927a, type of maga; Salavatian 1950; Radjabi 1968, 1976; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002, as leonhardi), Semnan (Borumand 2002), Tehran (Radjabi 1968; Bílý 1983a; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002, as leonhardi), Khuzestan (Obenberger 1927a, type of cyaniventris), Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), Lorestan (Obenberger 1927a, type of leonhardi), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Sphenoptera euplecta Obenberger 1927a: 89; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 364; Bellamy 2008b: 695. [subgenus Sphenoptera].
Distribution within Iran. " Persia: Aghir Dagh" (Obenberger 1927a), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.
Sphenoptera exarata (Fischer von Waldheim) 1824: 169 (Buprestis); Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 364; Bellamy 2008b: 695.
synonym: dejeanii (Zubkov) 1829: 156 (Buprestis); Farahbakhsh 1960: 76; Radjabi 1968: 77; Modarres Awal 1997: 139; Borumand 2002: 20.
synonym: spectabilis Kraatz in Heyden & Kraatz 1883a: 345.
synonym: prosternalis Jakovlev 1885: 130.
synonym: interrupta Kerremans 1909: 276.
synonym: araxana Obenberger 1915: 52; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 54 (synonym of exarata), 364. synonym: nomadica Obenberger 1916: 247; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 54 (synonym of exarata), 364. synonym: sumakovi Obenberger 1927a: 29; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 54 (synonym of exarata), 364. [subgenus Sphenoptera].
Host plant(s) within Iran. Glycyrrhiza glabra (Fabaceae) (as dejeani) (Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997). Distribution within Iran. Mazandaran (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997), Tehran (Borumand 2002), Iran (no locality cited) (Obenberger 1927a; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
* Sphenoptera excavata Faldermann 1835: 154; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 364; Bellamy 2008b: 696. [subgenus Sphenoptera].
Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.
Note. Dubious species, type depositary is unknown, probably a synonym of S. antiqua.
Sphenoptera exoleta Jakovlev 1908a: 217; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 364; Bellamy 2008b: 696; Kalashian & Volkovitsh 2009: 406.
synonym: politipennis Obenberger 1927a: 12, 23; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 366; Bellamy 2008b: 764; Kalashian & Volkovitsh 2009: 406 (synonym of exoleta).
[subgenus Sphenoptera].
Distribution within Iran. "Perse septentrionale: monts Kuldzhar" (Jakovlev 1908a; Obenberger 1927a). Golestan (Obenberger 1927a, type of politipennis), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.
Sphenoptera finitima Jakovlev 1908a: 225, 227; Kalashian et al. 2005b: 95; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 358; Bellamy 2008b: 698.
[subgenus Deudora].
Distribution within Iran. Sistan & Baluchestan (Jakovlev 1908a; Obenberger 1929d; Bellamy 2008b), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006).
Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.
Sphenoptera formosula Obenberger 1927d: 27; Bílý 1983a: 82; Borumand 2002: 25; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 355; Bellamy 2008b: 699.
[subgenus Chrysoblemma].
Distribution within Iran. Semnan (Obenberger 1927d), Qom (Bílý 1983a; Borumand 2002), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.
Sphenoptera fossa Kerremans 1909: 271; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 365; Bellamy 2008b: 699. [subgenus Sphenoptera].
Distribution within Iran. Lorestan (Kerremans 1912; Obenberger 1927a), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.
Sphenoptera freyi Théry 1942: 274; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 365; Bellamy 2008b: 700. [subgenus Sphenoptera].
Distribution within Iran. Fars (Théry 1942), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.
Sphenoptera fulgens Gory 1841: 309; Bílý 1983a: 81; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 368; Bellamy 2008b: 700 (Hoplistura).
synonym: chalcichroa Obenberger 1914d: 132.
synonym: arenosa Obenberger 1924a: 125 (subspecies of chalcichroa). [subgenus Tropeopeltis].
Immatures: Mateu 1974: 198.
Biology/Bionomy: Mateu 1974: 201.
Distribution within Iran. Hormozgan (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. Algeria, Chad, Democratic Republic of Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Israel, Libya, Mauritania, Moçambique, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan (Bellamy 2008b).
Sphenoptera glasunovi Jakovlev 1903a: 273; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2003: 338, 2006: 355; Bellamy 2008b: 704. [subgenus Chrysoblemma].
Distribution within Iran. Khorasan (Jakovlev 1903a; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2003), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.
Sphenoptera hauseri Reitter 1895a: 34; Radjabi 1968: 75 (with var. expectanda Obenberger); Abai & Adeli 1984: 119; Modarres Awal 1997: 139 (with var. expectana [sic!] Obenberger); Borumand 2002: 25; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2003: 337, 2006: 355; Bellamy 2008b: 707.
[subgenus Chrysoblemma].
Biology/Bionomy: Kaplin 1981 (with bibliography).
Host plant(s) within Iran. (Adult) on Tamarix sp. (Tamaricaceae) (Abai & Adeli 1984, sapwood; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002).
Distribution within Iran. Sistan & Baluchestan (Jakovlev 1903a; Kerremans 1913; Radjabi 1968; Abai & Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2003, 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Sphenoptera hayeki Kalashian & Volkovitsh 2007: 38; Bellamy 2008b: 708. [subgenus Chilostetha].
Distribution within Iran. Hormozgan (Kalashian & Volkovitsh 2007), Iran (no locality cited) (Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.
Sphenoptera heroica Jakovlev 1903a: 270; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 355; Bellamy 2008b: 708. [subgenus Chrysoblemma].
Distribution within Iran. Khorasan (Jakovlev 1903a), "Perse septentrionale" (Kerremans 1913), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.
Sphenoptera hetita Obenberger 1927a: 13; Bílý 1983a: 78; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 365; Bellamy 2008b: 708.
[subgenus Sphenoptera].
Host plant(s) within Iran. (Adult) Astragalus melananthus (Bílý 1983a). Distribution within Iran. Kuhgiloyeh & Boyerahmad (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. Syria, Turkey (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Sphenoptera hypocrita Mannerheim 1837: 92; Radjabi 1968: 77; Borumand 2002: 21; Kalashian et al. 2005b: 97; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 365; Bellamy 2008b: 710; Kalashian & Volkovitsh 2009: 405; Ghobari et al. 2012: 237.
synonym: sieversi Jakovlev 1887a: 82.
synonym: torrida Jakovlev 1898b: 553; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 367; Bellamy 2008b: 804; Kalashian & Volkovitsh 2009: 405 (synonym of hypocrita).
synonym: ixion Kerremans 1912: 74; Radjabi 1968: 77, 1976: 129; Modarres Awal 1997: 139; Borumand 2002: 21; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 365; Bellamy 2008: 719; Kalashian & Volkovitsh 2009: 405 (synonym of hypocrita).
synonym: ordubadensis Obenberger 1916: 250; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 54 (synonym of hypocrita), 365. synonym: funebralis Obenberger 1927a: 19; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 54 (synonym of hypocrita), 365. synonym: erdshmiadzini Obenberger 1927a: 20; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 54 (synonym of hypocrita), 365. synonym: turkmenica Obenberger 1927a: 44; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 54 (synonym of hypocrita), 365. synonym: glabricollis Obenberger 1929d: 33, 129.
synonym: levantina Obenberger 1929d: 33. 130; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 54 (synonym of hypocrita), 365. synonym: dlabolai Obenberger 1955a: 11; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 54 (synonym of hypocrita), 365. [subgenus Sphenoptera].
Distribution within Iran. Fars (Radjabi 1968, 1976; Modarres Awal 1997, as ixion), Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), Kuhgiloyeh & Boyerahmad, Tehran (Radjabi 1968; Borumand 2002, as ixion), Lorestan (Kerremans 1912, type of ixion; Obenberger 1927a, 1929d, types of funebralis, levantina), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008).
Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Jordan, Pakistan Russia, Turkey, Turkmenistan (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Sphenoptera ignita Reitter 1895a: 33; Radjabi 1968: 76 (with var. monochroa Obenberger); Abai & Adeli 1984: 119; Modarres Awal 1997: 139 (with var. monochroa Obenberger); Borumand 2002: 26; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2003: 334, 2006: 356; Bellamy 2008b: 712.
synonym: aurora Semenov-Tian-Shanskij 1897: 249.
synonym: prasinula Obenberger 1937b: 91; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of ignita), 356. [subgenus Chrysoblemma].
Host plant(s) within Iran. (Adult) on Tamarix sp. (Tamaricaceae) (Abai & Adeli 1984, sapwood; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002).
Distribution within Iran. Khorasan, Sistan & Baluchestan (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002); Sistan & Baluchestan (Abai & Adeli 1984).
Distribution outside Iran. Kazakhstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Sphenoptera incerta Jakovlev 1887a: 57; Kalashian et al. 2005b: 92; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 358; Bellamy 2008b: 714.
synonym: dolens Jakovlev 1893a: 133.
synonym: confusa Kerremans 1913: 104.
synonym: joukli Obenberger 1929d: 118.
[subgenus Deudora].
Distribution within Iran. Lorestan (Kerremans 1913; Obenberger 1927a, types of confusa, var. limbifera), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Sphenoptera inculta Obenberger 1929d: 42; Bílý 1983a: 78; Kalashian et al. 2005b: 92; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 358; Bellamy 2008b: 714.
misidentification: confusa Kerremans 1913: 104 (part.). [subgenus Deudora].
Distribution within Iran. Lorestan (lectotype of inculta), Mazandaran (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Obenberger 1929d; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.
Sphenoptera kaznakowi Jakovlev 1899b: 295; Bílý 1983a: 80; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 368; Bellamy 2008b: 721 (Hoplistura).
[subgenus Tropeopeltis].
Immatures: Alexeev 1981a: 76; Zykov 1995: 49.
Distribution within Iran. Hormozgan (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Sphenoptera kermanshahensis Obenberger 1952a: 4; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 362; Bellamy 2008b: 721; Kalashian in Bílý et al. 2011: 203.
[subgenus Paradeudora].
Distribution within Iran. Kermanshah (Obenberger 1952a; Kalashian in Bílý et al. 2011), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Syria, UAE (Kalashian in Bílý et al. 2011).
Sphenoptera koenigi Jakovlev 1891: 133; Kalashian et al. 2005b: 93; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 358; Bellamy 2008b: 723.
synonym: integripennis Obenberger 1929d: 20, 116.
synonym: alma Obenberger 1952b: 11.
[subgenus Deudora].
Distribution within Iran. Golestan (as integripennis) (Obenberger 1929d), Iran (no locality cited) (Kalashian et al. 2005b; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Sphenoptera lalage Obenberger 1927f: 179; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 361; Bellamy 2008b: 726. [subgenus Hoplistura].
Distribution within Iran. Khuzestan (Obenberger 1927f), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.
Sphenoptera lapidaria (Brullé) 1832: 134 (Buprestis); Radjabi 1968: 77; 1976: 129; Modarres Awal 1997: 139; Borumand 2002: 22; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 365; Bellamy 2008b: 726; Ghobari et al. 2012: 237. synonym: carcelii Gory & Laporte 1839: 21; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 54 (synonym of lapidaria), 365. synonym: hellenica Obenberger 1913b: 87.
synonym: caucasicola Obenberger 1927a: 56 (variety of lapidaria); Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 54 (synonym of lapidaria), 365.
synonym: ogloblini Obenberger 1927a: 56; Radjabi 1968: 77; Modarres Awal 1997: 139; Borumand 2002: 23; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 54 (synonym of lapidaria), 365.
[subgenus Sphenoptera].
Immatures: Özer & Duran 1968: 26 (as carcelii).
Distribution within Iran. " Persia: Aghir Dagh" (Obenberger 1927a, type of var. cyanina). East Azarbaijan (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997), Fars (Radjabi 1976; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Khorasan (Borumand 2002, as ogloblini), Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), Lorestan (type of ogloblini) (Obenberger 1927a), Mazandaran (as ogloblini) (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997), Tehran, Yazd (Borumand 2002), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, France, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Lebanon, Russia, Syria, Turkey (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
* Sphenoptera laticeps Jakovlev 1886: 94; Borumand 2002: 22; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 365; Bellamy 2008b: 729.
synonym: strigosa Jakovlev 1887a: 71; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 54 (synonym of laticeps), 365. synonym: montana Jakovlev 1887b: 113.
synonym: massagetica Obenberger 1920a: 109; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 54 (synonym of laticeps), 365. synonym: tadjika Obenberger 1927a: 74; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 54 (synonym of laticeps), 365. synonym: memnonia Obenberger 1927a: 79 (subspecies of laticeps); Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 54 (synonym of laticeps), 365.
synonym: montivaga Obenberger 1927a: 80 (subspecies of propinqua); Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 54 (synonym of laticeps), 365.
synonym: karakusensis Obenberger 1927a: 80 (subspecies of propinqua); Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 54 (synonym of laticeps), 365.
[subgenus Sphenoptera].
Immatures: Rodd 1928: 1 (as montana).
Biology/Bionomy: Rodd 1928: 1 (as montana).
Distribution within Iran. East Azarbaijan (Borumand 2002), Iran (no locality cited) (Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Turkey, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Note. Probably misidentification; this species does not occur in adjacent regions of Central and Middle Asia. Its occurrence in Iran and Turkey is doubtful.
Sphenoptera lia Jakovlev 1901a: 168; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 365; Ghahari et al. 2008: 639; Bellamy 2008b: 731; Havaskary et al. 2012: 1.
[subgenus Sphenoptera].
Host plant(s) within Iran. (Adult) Mountain almond, Amygdalis scoparia Spash (Rosaceae) (Ghahari et al. 2008). Distribution within Iran. East Azarbaijan (Havaskary et al. 2012), Golestan (Ghahari et al. 2008). Distribution outside Iran. Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Note. Record in Havaskary et al. (2012) is dubious, though the species may occur in Northern Iran eastwards of the Caspian Sea.
Sphenoptera ligulata Jakovlev 1904a: 178; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 361; Bellamy 2008b: 731. [subgenus Hoplistura].
Distribution within Iran. Sistan & Baluchestan (Jakovlev 1904a; Kerremans 1914), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.
Sphenoptera magna Gory & Laporte 1839: 3; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 365; Bellamy 2008b: 735; Kalashian & Volkovitsh 2009: 413.
synonym: alexandri Obenberger 1927a: 33; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 367 (synonym of tragacanthae; Kalashian & Volkovitsh 2009: 413 (synonym of magna).
[subgenus Sphenoptera].
Distribution within Iran. Hamadan (Obenberger 1927a), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
* Sphenoptera manderstjernae Jakovlev 1886: 94; Radjabi 1974: 40; Modarres Awal 1997: 139; Borumand 2002: 22; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 365; Bellamy 2008b: 736.
synonym: bucharae Obenberger 1927a: 78; 1930b: 219; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 54 (synonym of manderstjernae), 366.
[subgenus Sphenoptera].
Distribution within Iran. Khorasan (Radjabi 1974; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Iran (no locality cited) (Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Note. Doubtful record. This species is not recorded from adjacent regions.
Sphenoptera manifesta Jakovlev 1900: 428; Kalashian et al. 2005b: 96; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 358; Bellamy 2008b: 736.
synonym: megarauca Obenberger 1952b: 21.
[subgenus Deudora].
Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Sphenoptera merkli Kalashian & Volkovitsh 2008: 205. [subgenus Sphenoptera].
Distribution within Iran. Kermanshah, Lorestan (Kalashian & Volkovitsh 2008). Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.
Sphenoptera mesopotamica Marseul 1865: 389; Salavatian 1950: 10; Farahbakhsh 1960: 76; Radjabi 1968: 77; Bílý 1983a: 81; Abai & Adeli 1984: 119; Modarres Awal 1997: 139; Borumand 2002: 27; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2003: 340, 2006: 361; Bellamy 2008b: 740.
synonym: fairmairei Marseul 1866: 528; Salavatian 1950: 9; Radjabi 1968: 77, 1976: 129; Modarres Awal 1997: 139; Borumand 2002: 27.
synonym: pelletii Mulsant & Rey 1866: 87; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2003: 340 (lectotype). synonym: turkestanica Jakovlev 1885: 133.
synonym: fulgurans Obenberger 1920a: 128.
synonym: deserti Obenberger 1920a: 129 (subspecies of mesopotamica).
synonym: sartica Obenberger 1927f: 171 (subspecies of mesopotamica).
synonym: namanganensis Obenberger 1927f: 176.
[subgenus Hoplistura].
Biology/Bionomy: Kaplin 1981 (with bibliography).
Host plant(s) within Iran. Tamarix sp. (Tamaricaceae) (Farahbakhsh 1960; Abai & Adeli 1984, sapwood; Modarres Awal 1997).
Distribution within Iran. Fars (as fairmairei) (Salavatian 1950; Radjabi 1968, 1976; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Khorasan (Salavatian 1950; Farahbakhsh 1960; Radjabi 1968; Abai & Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Sistan & Baluchestan (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2003, 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2003, 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Sphenoptera micans Jakovlev 1886: 93; Bílý 1983a: 78; Borumand 2002: 25; Kalashian et al. 2005b: 95; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 358; Bellamy 2008b: 741.
synonym: binominata Kerremans 1913: 577 (nomen novum for aenea Kraatz). synonym: irritatrix Obenberger 1929d: 37 (correct subsequent spelling validated by subsequent usage, ICZN 1999, Article 33.3.1).
synonym: viridatrix Obenberger 1929d: 37 (unused original spelling).
synonym: shah Obenberger 1929d: 37.
synonym: escalerae Obenberger 1929d: 39, 43.
synonym: pseudomicans Obenberger 1929d: 42.
[subgenus Deudora].
Distribution within Iran. Golestan (Jakovlev 1886, type of micans; Kerremans 1913; Obenberger 1929d; Obenberger 1929d, type of pseudomicans), Kerman (Borumand 2002), Tehran (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Obenberger 1929d, type of shah; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Turkey (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Sphenoptera misella Jakovlev 1900: 415; Kalashian et al. 2005b: 92; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 359; Bellamy 2008b: 742.
synonym: liliputana Obenberger 1929d: 52.
synonym: callimicra Obenberger 1929d: 53, 115.
[subgenus Deudora].
Distribution within Iran. Lorestan (Obenberger 1929d, type of callimicra), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Georgia, Turkey (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Sphenoptera moesta Jakovlev 1887a: 64; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 366; Bellamy 2008b: 743. synonym: uncta Kerremans 1909: 277; Radjabi 1968: 77; Modarres Awal 1997: 140; Borumand 2002: 24; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 54 (synonym of moesta), 366.
[subgenus Sphenoptera].
Distribution within Iran. Lorestan (Kerremans 1913, type of uncta; Obenberger 1927a, as uncta), Sistan & Baluchestan (as uncta) (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Iran (no locality cited) (Jakovlev 1887a; Kerremans 1913; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.
* Sphenoptera motschulskyi Obenberger 1926a: 17; Bílý 1983a: 81 (motschulski); Bellamy 2008b: 745. [subgenus Hoplistura].
Distribution within Iran. Hormozgan, Sistan & Baluchestan (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. India (Bellamy 2008b).
Note. Record for Iran (Bílý 1983a) needs confirmation; this species was described from East India (Madras).
Sphenoptera nausicaa Obenberger 1927a: 21; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 366; Bellamy 2008b: 746; Kalashian & Volkovitsh 2009: 406.
[subgenus Sphenoptera].
Distribution within Iran. Lorestan (type, Obenberger 1927a), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.
Sphenoptera nox Jakovlev 1900: 445; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2002: 170; 2006: 357; Bellamy 2008b: 749. [subgenus Cyphostetha].
Distribution within Iran. Khorasan (Jakovlev 1900; Kerremans 1913), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.
Sphenoptera obruta Kerremans 1909: 275; Obenberger 1927a: 21 (as abbreviata, non Jakovlev 1899, misidentification); Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 366; Bellamy 2008b: 751; Kalashian & Volkovitsh 2009: 406. synonym: hetera Obenberger 1927a: 21 (subspecies of abbreviata); Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 362; Bellamy 2008b: 638 (subspecies of abbreviata); Kalashian & Volkovitsh 2009: 406 (synonym of obruta). synonym: chalcosoma Obenberger 1927a: 43; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 363; Bellamy 2008b: 671; Kalashian & Volkovitsh 2009: 406 (synonym of obruta).
[subgenus Sphenoptera].
Distribution within Iran. Lorestan (Obenberger 1927a, as abbreviata), central parts of Iran (Obenberger 1927a, type of hetera), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b, as abbreviata hetera). Distribution outside Iran. Armenia (as chalcosoma), Syria (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b; Kalashian & Volkovitsh 2009).
Sphenoptera oertzeni Jakovlev 1887b: 115; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 369; Bellamy 2008b: 751 (Hoplistura). synonym: deltae Obenberger 1924a: 123.
[subgenus Tropeopeltis].
Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. Cyprus, Egypt, Greece, Israel, Syria, Turkey (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Sphenoptera oresitropha Obenberger 1927a: 31; Bílý 1983a: 76; Borumand 2002: 24; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 366; Bellamy 2008b: 753; Kalashian & Volkovitsh 2009: 412.
[subgenus Sphenoptera].
Distribution within Iran. Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari (Borumand 2002), Kuhgiloyeh & Boyerahmad, Mazandaran, Tehran (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. Syria, Turkey (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Sphenoptera parumpunctata (Klug) 1829: No. 33 (Buprestis); Bílý 1983a: 79; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 56 (subgenus Chrysoblemma), 356; Bellamy 2008b: 758.
synonym: houskai Obenberger 1946: 27; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of parumpunctata), 356. [subgenus Chrysoblemma].
Distribution within Iran. Bushehr (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. Algeria, Chad, Egypt (Sinai), Israel, Jordan, Morocco, Saudi Arabia (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Sphenoptera parysatis Obenberger 1929d: 43, 241; Bílý 1983a: 79; Kalashian et al. 2005b: 95; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 359; Bellamy 2008b: 759.
synonym: isfahanensis Obenberger 1952b: 8.
synonym: proserpina Obenberger 1952b: 10.
[subgenus Deudora].
Distribution within Iran. Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari (Obenberger 1929d, type of parysatis), Isfahan (Obenberger 1952b, types of isfahanensis and proserpina), Kuhgiloyeh & Boyerahmad (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.
Sphenoptera perroteti Guérin-Méneville 1840: 328; Bílý 1983a: 80; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 361; Bellamy 2008b: 760.
synonym: angustata Thomson 1878: 72.
[subgenus Hoplistura].
Distribution within Iran. Bushehr, Hormozgan (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan (subspecies afganica), India, Sri Lanka (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Sphenoptera puberula Jakovlev 1887b: 116; Kalashian et al. 2005a: 80; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 355; Bellamy 2008b: 767.
synonym: rauda Jakovlev 1908b: 515.
synonym: cataonia Obenberger 1926b: 209.
synonym: seriatosetosa Obenberger 1926b: 210.
synonym: inderiensis Obenberger 1927e: 73.
[subgenus Chilostetha].
Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Sphenoptera quezeli Descarpentries & Bruneau de Miré 1963: 173; Bílý 1983a: 82 (as quetzeli); Borumand 2002: 26; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 356; Bellamy 2008b: 770.
[subgenus Chrysoblemma].
Host plant(s) within Iran. (Adult) on Tamarix mascatensis (Tamaricaceae) (Bílý 1983a). Distribution within Iran. Hormozgan (Bílý 1983a; Borumand 2002), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. Algeria, Chad, Egypt (Sinai), Israel, Jordan, Saudi Arabia (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Sphenoptera rangnowi Kerremans 1909: 273; Théry 1925: 80; Salavatian 1950: 9; Radjabi 1968: 77; Bílý 1983a: 77 (as rangowi); Modarres Awal 1997: 140; Borumand 2002: 24; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 366; Bellamy 2008b: 771; Kalashian & Volkovitsh 2009: 412.
synonym: strandiana Obenberger 1927a: 42; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 54 (synonym of rangnowi), 366. [subgenus Sphenoptera].
Distribution within Iran. " Persia: Ardilan" (type of strandiana) (Obenberger 1927a). Fars (Salavatian 1950; Modarres Awal 1997), Hamadan, Zanjan (Théry 1925), Lorestan (Kerremans 1909, type of rangnowi, 1912; Obenberger 1927a), Tehran (Radjabi 1968; Bílý 1983a; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
* Sphenoptera rauca (Fabricius) 1787: 177 (Buprestis); Farahbakhsh 1960: 76; Modarres Awal 1997: 140; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 359; Bellamy 2008b: 771.
synonym: metallica (Fabricius) 1792b: 210 (Buprestis).
synonym: striola (Illiger) 1803: 94 (Buprestis).
synonym: geminata (Illiger) 1803: 244 (Buprestis).
synonym: bassii Gory & Laporte 1839: 13.
synonym: similis Gory & Laporte 1839: 14.
synonym: bravaisii Gory & Laporte 1839: 30.
synonym: carduorum Chevrolat 1840: 14.
synonym: celtiberica Gory 1841: 302.
synonym: africana Jakovlev 1900b: 402 (variety of rauca).
synonym: heliobia Obenberger 1929b: 55.
[subgenus Deudora].
Host plant(s) within Iran. Wild artichoke (Cynara cardunculus, Asteraceae) (Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997).
Distribution within Iran. Northern provinces (Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997). Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Algeria, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Egypt, France, Greece, Italia, Lybia, Macedonia, Morocco, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, former Yugoslavia (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Note. Most probably a misidentification; probably records for Iran refer to S. aeneomicans Kraatz. Records for Armenia, Azerbaijan, Czech Republic, Hungary, Sudan in Bellamy (2008b) are doubtful.
Sphenoptera repetekensis Obenberger 1927a: 80; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 366; Bellamy 2008b: 775. synonym: budshnurdi Obenberger 1927a: 71; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 54 (synonym of repetekensis), 366. [subgenus Sphenoptera].
Biology/Bionomy: Kaplin 1981 (with bibliography).
Distribution within Iran. Khorasan (Obenberger 1927a, type of budshnurdi), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Sphenoptera rugulosa Faldermann 1835: 151; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 366; Bellamy 2008b: 776. synonym: cribrata Faldermann 1835: 152; Radjabi 1968: 77 (variety of morio Jakovlev); Modarres Awal 1997: 139 (variety of morio Jakovlev).
[subgenus Sphenoptera].
Distribution within Iran. Tehran (Radjabi 1968, Modarres Awal 1997, as morio, var.?), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Sphenoptera sancta Reitter 1890a: 277, 280; Radjabi 1968: 76; Bílý 1983a: 81; Modarres Awal 1997: 140; Borumand 2002: 26; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 356; Bellamy 2008b: 777. synonym: roseicollis Obenberger 1937c: 92 (variety of sancta); Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of sancta), 356.
synonym: quadrisignatula Obenberger 1937d: 110 (variety of sancta); Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of sancta), 356.
synonym: taborskyi Obenberger 1955a: 15.
[subgenus Chrysoblemma].
Immatures: Zykov & Kalashian 1991: 205.
Distribution within Iran. Guilan, Khorasan, Qazvin, West Azarbaijan (Bílý 1983a), Tehran (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan,? Israel, Turkey (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Sphenoptera saxosa Kerremans 1909: 283; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 366; Bellamy 2008b: 778. [subgenus Sphenoptera].
Distribution within Iran. Lorestan (Kerremans 1913; Obenberger 1927a), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.
Sphenoptera scovitzii (Faldermann) 1835: 155 (Buprestis); Radjabi 1968: 76 (as sowitzi); Bílý 1983a: 82 (as sovitzi); Abai & Adeli 1984: 119 (as sovitzi); Modarres Awal 1997: 140; Borumand 2002: 26; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 356; Bellamy 2008b: 779.
synonym: latescutata Fairmaire 1892b: cliii (preoccupied by latescutata Jakovlev 1886). synonym: transcaspica Jakovlev 1893b: 448 (nomen novum for latesulcata Jakovlev 1893, superfluous name); Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of scovitzii), 56 (comment), 357.
synonym: rhododactyla Semenov-Tian-Shankij 1897: 251; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2001: 198; 2006: 357. synonym: angelica Obenberger 1915: 55.
synonym: combinatrix Obenberger 1920a: 124.
synonym: vachshenica Stepanov 1959: 59.
[subgenus Chrysoblemma].
Biology/Bionomy: Krivosheina 1975a, 1975b; Kaplin 1981; Korotyaev et al. 2005. Host plant(s) within Iran. (Adult) Tamarix sp. (Tamaricaceae) (Abai & Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997); on Haloxylon (Chenopodiaceae), Calligonum (Polygonaceae) (Borumand 2002).
Distribution within Iran. Bushehr, Kerman, Khuzestan, Qazvin, Qom, Tehran, West Azarbaijan (Bílý 1983a), Hormozgan (Bílý 1983a; Borumand 2002), Isfahan, Khorasan (Borumand 2002), Sistan & Baluchestan (Jakovlev 1903a; Radjabi 1968; Abai & Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Iran (no locality cited) (Marseul 1866; Kerremans 1913; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Chad, Egypt, Iraq, Israel, Kazakhstan,? Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Sphenoptera sculpticollis Heyden 1886: 278; Salavatian 1950: 10 (var.?); Modarres Awal 1997: 140; Kalashian et al. 2005b: 94; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 359; Bellamy 2008b: 780; Ghobari et al. 2012: 238. synonym: akbesiana Obenberger 1920a: 120; Borumand 2002: 24.
synonym: alutaceiceps Obenberger 1929d: 111.
synonym: morgani Obenberger 1929d: 114.
[subgenus Deudora].
Immatures: Zykov & Kalashian 1991: 211.
Distribution within Iran. Kermanshah (Salavatian 1950; Modarres Awal 1997), Kordestan (Borumand 2002, as akbesiana; Ghobari et al. 2012), Lorestan (Obenberger 1929d (type of morgani), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Sphenoptera semenovi Jakovlev 1889: 85 (ssemenovi; subgenus Oplistura); Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2003: 339, 2006: 362; Bellamy 2008b: 781.
synonym: prosternalis Reitter 1890a: 279 (preoccupied by prosternalis Jakovlev 1885). synonym: reitteri Jakovlev 1891: 139 (subgenus Oplistura); Radjabi 1968: 76, 1974: 40; Bílý 1983a: 81; Modarres Awal 1997: 140; Borumand 2002: 27.
synonym: sagitta Semenov-Tian-Shanskij 1899: 651 (subgenus Hoplandrocneme). synonym: lamaica Obenberger 1920a: 126.
synonym: jedlickai Obenberger 1927f: 187.
[subgenus Hoplistura].
Host plant(s) within Iran. (Adult) on Tamarix sp. (Tamaricaceae) (Borumand 2002). Distribution within Iran. Hormozgan (Bílý 1983a, as reitteri), Lorestan (Obenberger 1927f, type of jedlickai; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2003), Sistan & Baluchestan (Radjabi 1968, 1974; Bílý 1983a; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002, as reitteri), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, China, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2003, 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Sphenoptera servistana Obenberger 1929c: 60; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2003: 340, 2006: 369; Bellamy 2008b: 783 (Hoplistura); Ghobari et al. 2012: 238.
synonym: kambyses Obenberger 1930a: 104; Salavatian 1950: 10 (as cambyses); Davatchi et al. 1959: 245 (as cambyses); Farahbakhsh 1960: 76 (as cambyses); Radjabi 1968: 79, 1972: 38; Abai & Adeli 1984: 33, 70 (as cambyses); Modarres Awal 1997: 139; Borumand 2002: 28 (as cambyses).
synonym: dhiaahmedi Cobos 1956: 29.
[subgenus Tropeopeltis].
Immatures: Davatchi et al. 1959: 246 (as cambyses); Radjabi 1971: 210 (as kambyses); Zykov 1995: 42 (as kambyses).
Biology/Bionomy: Radjabi 1971: 203-227, 1972: 38 (as kambyses).
Host plant(s) within Iran. Almond, apricot, cherry, peach, plum (Prunus spp., Rosaceae)?pistachio (Pistacia sp., Anacardiaceae) (as kambyses) (Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997); Prunus (Cerasus) spp., trunks and branches, Pistacia spp., buds (Abai & Adeli 1984); polyphagous (Davatchi et al. 1959). Distribution within Iran. Azarbaijan, Kermanshah (Davatchi et al. 1959, Farahbakhsh 1960, Abai & Adeli 1984, as kambyses), Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari and central provinces (Abai & Adeli 1984, as cambyses), Fars (Obenberger 1929c, type of servistana; Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960; Abai & Adeli 1984, as kambyses), Isfahan (Farahbakhsh 1960), Kerman (Salavatian 1950; Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960; Abai & Adeli 1984, as kambyses), Khorasan (Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960; Abai & Adeli 1984, as kambyses), Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), Tehran (Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960, Radjabi 1968; Borumand 2002, as kambyses), Yazd (Radjabi 1968; Borumand 2002, as kambyses), generally distributed (Salavatian 1950; Farahbakhsh 1961; Radjabi 1991; Behdad 1988; Modarres Awal 1997, as kambyses), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2003, 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. Iraq, Turkmenistan (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Sphenoptera signata Jakovlev 1887a: 65; Kalashian et al. 2005b: 90; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 359; Bellamy 2008b: 784; Ghobari et al. 2012: 238.
synonym: obsoleta Jakovlev 1891: 136.
synonym: satelles Jakovlev 1898a: 331.
synonym: addenda Jakovlev 1900: 413.
synonym: jejuna Jakovlev 1900: 417.
synonym: detrita Jakovlev 1902: 572.
synonym: destituta Obenberger 1929d: 25, 46.
synonym: julia Obenberger 1929d: 50.
synonym: araxicola Obenberger 1929d: 50.
synonym: buresi Obenberger 1932: 61.
synonym: hierosolymitana Obenberger 1946: 25.
synonym: jureceki Obenberger 1946: 26.
synonym: arsinoe Obenberger 1952b: 22; Bílý 1983a: 79. synonym: gyaurdagensis Obenberger 1955a: 14.
[subgenus Deudora].
Distribution within Iran. Alborz, Tehran, West Azarbaijan (Bílý 1983a, as arsinoe), Fars (Obenberger 1952b, type of arsinoe), Khuzestan (Obenberger 1929d, type of julia), Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Greece, Israel, Jordan, Syria, Turkey, Turkmenistan (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006).
Sphenoptera simplex Jakovlev 1893a: 130; Kalashian et al. 2005b: 95; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 359; Bellamy 2008b: 786; Barimani et al. 2009: 65.
synonym: fraterna Jakovlev 1900: 408.
synonym: allecta Jakovlev 1900: 410.
synonym: samotica Obenberger 1929d: 32, 128.
synonym: ankarana Obenberger 1952b: 17.
[subgenus Deudora].
Distribution within Iran. Mazandaran (Barimani et al. 2009), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Greece, Turkey (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Sphenoptera smyrneensis Gory 1841: 305; Kalashian et al. 2005b: 89; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 359; Bellamy 2008b: 787; Ghobari et al. 2012: 238.
synonym: inconspicua Jakovlev 1893a: 134.
synonym: congrua Jakovlev 1900: 419.
synonym: anxia Jakovlev 1900: 420.
synonym: captiosa Jakovlev 1902: 571.
synonym: delicata Kerremans 1909: 279.
synonym: subsulcata Kerremans 1909: 282.
synonym: migriensis Obenberger 1916: 249.
synonym: nephele Obenberger 1929d: 43.
synonym: cassia Obenberger 1929d: 45; Bílý 1983a: 79. synonym: maronita Obenberger 1929d: 51.
synonym: salomonis Obenberger 1952b: 12.
synonym: pseudorauca Obenberger 1952b: 13.
synonym: agilis Obenberger 1952b: 19.
[subgenus Deudora].
Distribution within Iran. Khuzestan (Obenberger 1929d, types of nephele, cassia), Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), Lorestan (Kerremans 1913, type of subsulcata), Tehran (Bílý 1983a, as cassia), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Sphenoptera sobrina Jakovlev 1886: 97; Kalashian et al. 2005b: 89; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 360; Bellamy 2008b: 789; Ghobari et al. 2012: 238.
[subgenus Deudora].
Distribution within Iran. Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012).
Distribution outside Iran. Turkey (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Sphenoptera striatipennis Jakovlev 1885: 132, 1903a: 255; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2003: 334, 2006: 357; Bellamy 2008b: 791.
synonym: potanini Jakovlev 1889: 86; Radjabi 1968: 76; Abai & Adeli 1984: 119; Modarres Awal 1997: 140; Borumand 2002: 26 (potonini).
synonym: procera Reitter 1890a: 277.
synonym: cyaneoviridis Cobos 1968: 385.
[subgenus Chrysoblemma].
Immatures: Alexeev et al. 1991: 15 (as potanini).
Biology/Bionomy: Kaplin 1981 (as potanini) (with bibliography).
Host plant(s) within Iran. (Adult) Tamarix sp. (Tamaricaceae) (Abai & Adeli 1984, sapwood; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002, as potanini).
Distribution within Iran. Sistan & Baluchestan (as potanini) (Radjabi 1968; Abai & Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Northern Iran (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2003), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. China, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Tadjikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2003, 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Sphenoptera subtilis Jakovlev 1898b: 552; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 366; Bellamy 2008b: 794; Kalashian & Volkovitsh 2009: 406.
[subgenus Sphenoptera].
Distribution within Iran. Golestan (Jakovlev 1898b), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. Turkmenistan (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
* Sphenoptera sulcata (Fischer von Waldheim) 1824: 197 (Buprestis); Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 367; Bellamy 2008b: 794.
synonym: fossulata (Gebler) 1825: 46 (Buprestis).
synonym: gebleri Gory & Laporte 1839: 12 (nomen novum for fossulata Gebler 1825). synonym: mendax Marseul 1869: 122 (nomen novum for impressicolis Marseul 1866); Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 54 (synonym of sulcata sulcata), 367.
synonym: bergrothi Obenberger 1927a: 66; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 54 (synonym of sulcata sulcata), 367. synonym: tiflisensis Obenberger 1927h: 38; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 54 (synonym of sulcata sulcata), 367. synonym: benedicenda Obenberger 1927a: 72; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 54 (synonym of sulcata sulcata), 367.
synonym: uralicola Obenberger 1927a: 75 (subspecies of cuprina); Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 54 (synonym of sulcata sulcata), 367.
[subgenus Sphenoptera].
Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Obenberger 1927a; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, China, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia, Ukraine (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006).
Note. Records for Iran, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan in Bellamy (2008b) need confirmation.
Sphenoptera syriaca Jakovlev 1908b: 514; Kalashian et al. 2005a: 83; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 355; Bellamy 2008b: 798.
synonym: blattnyi Obenberger 1926b: 202.
synonym: calosoma Obenberger 1926b: 203.
[subgenus Chilostetha].
Distribution within Iran. Khuzestan (Obenberger 1952b, type of calosoma), West Azarbaijan (Obenberger 1952b, type of blattnyi), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. Syria, Turkey (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Sphenoptera tamaricis (Klug) 1829: No. 30 (Buprestis); Abai & Adeli 1984: 119; Modarres Awal 1997: 140; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2003: 335, 2006: 357; Bellamy 2008b: 798.
synonym: asiatica Gory & Laporte 1839: 36; Bílý 1983a: 81; Borumand 2002: 25. synonym: filiformis Gory & Laporte 1839: 39.
synonym: walteri Reitter 1890a: 276, 279.
synonym: dilotti Obenberger 1929c: 60; Radjabi 1968: 76; Modarres Awal 1997: 139; Borumand 2002: 27. synonym: pseudoignita Alexeev 1978: 852.
[subgenus Chrysoblemma].
Biology/Bionomy: Krivosheina 1975a, 1975b (as pseudoignita); Kaplin 1981 (as pseudoignita); Korotyaev et al. 2005 (as tamarisci [sic!]).
Host plant(s) within Iran. (Adult) Tamarix sp. (Tamaricaceae) (Bílý 1983a; Abai & Adeli 1984, sapwood). Distribution within Iran. Bushehr (Borumand 2002, as asiatica), Khuzestan (as asiatica) (Bílý 1983a; Borumand 2002), Sistan & Baluchestan (Radjabi 1968; Abai & Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002, as dilotti and tamaricis), Tehran (Abai & Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Egypt (Sinai), Iraq, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2003, 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Note. Records for Afghanistan and Syria in Bellamy (2008b) need confirmation.
Sphenoptera tamarisci Gory & Laporte 1839: 35; Modarres Awal 1997: 140; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2001: 200, 2006: 357; Bellamy 2008b: 799.
synonym: smaragdina Jakovlev 1901b: 352.
synonym: sterbai Obenberger 1927d: 22; Radjabi 1968: 76; Bílý 1983a: 82; Abai & Adeli 1984: 119; Modarres Awal 1997: 140; Borumand 2002: 27.
unavailable name: lura Obenberger 1937d: 110 (variety of sterbai).
[subgenus Chrysoblemma].
Host plant(s) within Iran. (Adult) Tamarix sp. (Tamaricaceae) (Abai & Adeli 1984, sapwood; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002, as sterbai).
Distribution within Iran. Ardabil, Golestan, Qom (Borumand 2002, as sterbai), East Azarbaijan (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997, as sterbai), Kerman, Qazvin (Bílý 1983a, as sterbai), Lorestan (Obenberger 1927d, type of sterbai, var. lura), Markazi (Modarres Awal 1997, as sterbai), Mazandaran (Radjabi 1968, as tamarisci and sterbai; Modarres Awal 1997, as sterbai), Sistan & Baluchestan (Radjabi 1968, as tamarisci and sterbai; Abai & Adeli 1984, as sterbai), Tehran (Modarres Awal 1997, Borumand 2002, as tamarisci, sterbai and beckeri), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, "Arabia", Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Egypt, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Sphenoptera tamarisci beckeri Dohrn 1866: 249; Salavatian 1950: 9; Farahbakhsh 1960: 76; Radjabi 1968: 75; Bílý 1983a: 82; Modarres Awal 1997: 134 (as Chrysoblemma beckeri), 139; Borumand 2002: 25; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 357; Bellamy 2008b: 799; Sakenin et al. 2008: 35.
synonym: tamaricis Marseul 1866: 399.
synonym: scutellata Obenberger 1920a: 122 (subspecies of tamaricis).
synonym: chrysorrhoea Obenberger 1927d: 21 (variety of tamaricis); Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of tamaricsi beckeri), 357.
synonym: tekkensis Obenberger 1952e: 4.
synonym: potopolskii Stepanov 1959: 59.
Biology/Bionomy: Krivosheina 1975a, 1975b (as beckeri); Kaplin 1981 (as beckeri); Korotyaev et al. 2005. Host plant(s) within Iran. (Adult) Alhagi camelorum (Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997), Fraxinus excelsior (Oleaceae) (Sakenin et al. 2008).
Distribution within Iran. East Azarbaijan (Modarres Awal 1997), Guilan, Hormozgan, Qom (Bílý 1983a), Isfahan (Farahbakhsh 1960; Bílý 1983a; Modarres Awal 1997), Kermanshah, Lorestan (Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997), Mazandaran (Farahbakhsh 1960; Bílý 1983a; Sakenin et al. 2008), Qazvin (Farahbakhsh 1960; Bílý 1983a), Tehran (Salavatian 1950; Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Zanjan and other northern provinces (Modarres Awal 1997), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Note. Distribution of subspecies of this species in Iran needs further investigation. Record of Fraxinus as a host plant (Sakenin et al. 2008) is doubtful.
Sphenoptera tappesi Marseul 1865: 387; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 369; Bellamy 2008b: 801; Barimani et al. 2009: 65; Ghobari et al. 2012: 238.
synonym: simulatrix Reitter 1895a: 42; Bílý 1983a: 80; Borumand 2002: 28.
[subgenus Tropeopeltis].
Distribution within Iran. Fars, Isfahan, Kerman (Bílý 1983a, as simulatrix), Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), Mazandaran (Barimani et al. 2009), Yazd (as simulatrix) (Borumand 2002), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Cyprus, Egypt, Greece, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Macedonia, Syria, Turkey (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Note. Records for Cyprus and Egypt in Bellamy (2008b) are doubtful.
A parasitoid wasp, Atanycolus ivanowi (Kokujev, 1898) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Braconinae) (3♀, 1♂) was collected as the parasitoid of Sphenoptera tappesi in Behshahr (Mazandaran province).
Sphenoptera tezcani Niehuis 1999: 43; Kalashian et al. 2005a: 81; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 355; Bellamy 2008b: 802.
misidentification: verecunda: Bílý 1983a: 79 (not Obenberger 1952d); Kalashian et al. 2005a: 81 (misidentification of tezcani); Bellamy 2008b: 802 (misidentification of tezcani, note).
[subgenus Chilostetha].
Distribution within Iran. West Azarbaijan (Bílý 1983a, as verecunda), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. Turkey (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
* Sphenoptera tigridis Obenberger 1927d: 22; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 357; Bellamy 2008b: 803. [subgenus Chrysoblemma].
Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. Iraq (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006).
Note. Record for Iran in Bellamy (2008b) is doubtful, possible misprint of Iraq.
Sphenoptera tragacanthae (Klug) 1829: No. 26 (Buprestis); Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 367; Bellamy 2008b: 804; Sakenin et al. 2008: 34; Barimani et al. 2009: 65; Kalashian & Volkovitsh 2009: 406; Barimani et al. 2012: 192; Ghobari et al. 2012: 237.
synonym: corrugata (Klug) 1829: No. 27 (Buprestis); Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367.
synonym: glabrata (Ménétriés) 1832: 151 (Buprestis); Bílý 1983a: 75 (as glabrata irenae Obenberger 1927a); Borumand 2002: 20 (as glabrata irene), Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367. misidentification: semistriata: Gory & Laporte 1839: 2 [not (Palisot de Beauvois) 1807: 43 (Buprestis)]; Bellamy 2008d: 782; Kalashian & Volkovitsh 2009: 408, 410 (misidentification).
synonym: derugata Redtenbacher 1850: 47; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367. synonym: mniszechi Marseul 1865: 332; Salavatian 1950: 9 (with var. minorita Obenberger); Radjabi 1968: 77 (authors Laporte & Gory); Bílý 1983a: 76; Modarres Awal 1997: 139; Borumand 2002: 23; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367.
synonym: elamita Marseul 1865: 338; Salavatian 1950: 9 (variety of mniszechi); Radjabi 1968: 77 (variety of mniszechi); Modarres Awal 1997: 139 (variety of mniszechi); Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367.
synonym: lobicollis Marseul 1865: 339; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367. synonym: encausta Marseul 1865: 340; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367. synonym: exasciata Jakovlev 1886: 83; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367. synonym: morio Jakovlev 1886: 84; Radjabi 1968: 77 (morio, var.?); Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367.
synonym: sordida Jakovlev 1886: 84; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 368. synonym: prolongata Jakovlev 1887a:70; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367. synonym: signaticollis Jakovlev 1887a: 85; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 368. synonym: christophi Jakovlev 1887a: 73; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367. synonym: modesta Jakovlev 1887a: 76; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367. synonym: speciosa Jakovlev 1887b: 110; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 368. synonym: adusta Jakovlev 1887b: 111; Radjabi 1968: 76; Modarres Awal 1997: 138; Borumand 2002: 19; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367.
synonym: maura Jakovlev 1901b: 317; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367. synonym: morosa Jakovlev 1908a: 216; Bílý 1983a: 76; Borumand 2002: 23; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367.
synonym: obnubila Jakovlev 1908a: 221; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367. synonym: luristana Kerremans 1909: 272; Borumand 2002: 22; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367.
synonym: prometheus Obenberger 1916: 245; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367. synonym: gigas Obenberger 1916: 246; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367. synonym: maledicta Obenberger 1920a: 104; Bílý 1983a: 75; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 365; Bellamy 2008b: 736; Kalashian & Volkovitsh 2009: 443 (synonym of tragacanthae).
synonym: parsa Obenberger 1920a: 105; Salavatian 1950: 10 (variety of luristana); Radjabi 1968: 77 (variety of luristana); Modarres Awal 1997: 139 (variety of luristana); Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367.
synonym: nominanda Obenberger 1920a: 106; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367. synonym: zarathustrae Obenberger 1920a: 107; 1927a: 11 (zarathustra); Radjabi 1968: 77 (zarathustra); Modarres Awal 1997: 140; Borumand 2002: 24; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 368.
synonym: kulpensis Obenberger 1927a: 6; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367. synonym: cilicica Obenberger 1927a: 8; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 363; Bellamy 2008b: 673; Kalashian & Volkovitsh 2009: 443 (synonym of tragacanthae).
synonym: radicigena Obenberger 1927a: 8 (subspecies of rugulosa); Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367.
synonym: rambouseki Obenberger 1927a: 10; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 366; Bellamy 2008b: 771; Kalashian & Volkovitsh 2009: 444 (synonym of tragacanthae).
synonym: armenigena Obenberger 1927a: 12 (subspecies of zarathustrae); Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 56 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367.
synonym: catenifera Obenberger 1927a: 16 (variety of mniszechi); Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367.
synonym: coeruleolimbata Obenberger 1927a: 16 (subspecies of mniszechi); Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367.
synonym: artaxerxes Obenberger 1927a: 17; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367. synonym: klapaleki Obenberger 1927a: 16; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367. synonym: mrazeki Obenberger 1927a: 18; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367. synonym: klickai Obenberger 1927a: 28; Bílý 1983a: 76; Borumand 2002: 21; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 365; Bellamy 2008b: 722; Kalashian & Volkovitsh 2009: 444 (synonym of tragacanthae).
synonym: corrosa Obenberger 1927a: 31; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 364; Bellamy 2008b: 678; Kalashian & Volkovitsh 2009: 444 (synonym of tragacanthae).
synonym: satrapa Obenberger 1927a: 32; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 366; Bellamy 2008b: 777; Kalashian & Volkovitsh 2009: 444 (synonym of tragacanthae).
synonym: tauricola Obenberger 1927a: 33; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 368. synonym: syriae Obenberger 1927a: 34; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 367; Bellamy 2008b: 798; Kalashian & Volkovitsh 2009: 444 (synonym of tragacanthae).
synonym: zobeida Obenberger 1927a: 36; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 368. synonym: armenorum Obenberger 1927a: 37, 39; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367.
synonym: vavrai Obenberger 1927a: 41; Bílý 1983a: 76; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 368; Bellamy 2008b: 811; Kalashian & Volkovitsh 2009: 444 (synonym of tragacanthae).
synonym: goryi Théry 1938: 91 (nomen novum for semistriata: Gory & Laporte 1839, not Palisot de Beauvois 1807); Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 54 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367.
[subgenus Sphenoptera].
Host plant(s) within Iran. Falcaria vulgaris (Apiaceae) (Sakenin et al. 2008); Astragalus anseanthus, A. gossypinus (Fabaceae) (Barimani et al. 2012).
Distribution within Iran. Ardabil, East Azarbaijan, Qazvin, West Azarbaijan (Borumand 2002, as glabrata irene), Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari (Obenberger 1927a, type of klickai; Bílý 1983a, as mniszechi), Fars (Redtenbacher 1850, type of derugata; Jakovlev 1886, types of exasciata, morio; Modarres Awal 1997, as parsa; Bílý 1983a, as klickai, maledicta; Borumand 2002, as klickai), Golestan (Obenberger 1927a, as christophi), Isfahan (Salavatian 1950; Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002, as mniszechi varr. elamita and minorita), Kermanshah (Obenberger 1920a, types of parsa, nominanda; Borumand 2002, as mniszechi), Khorasan (Obenberger 1920a, 1927a, types of zarathustrae, rambouseki, satrapa; Bílý 1983a as glabrata irene; Borumand 2002, as glabrata irene), Khuzestan (Bílý 1983a, as mniszechi; Borumand 2002, as mniszechi), Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), Kuhgiloyeh & Boyerahmad (Bílý 1983a, as klickai and vavrai), Lorestan (Kerremans 1909, types of luristana, var. parsa; Obenberger 1916, type of gigas; Obenberger 1927a, types of mniszechi var. minorita, tetrastigma, catenifera; artaxerxes; Sakenin et al. 2008, as mniszechi; Borumand 2002, as klickai), Mazandaran (Bílý 1983a, as glabrata irenae; Borumand 2002, as glabrata irene; Barimani et al. 2009, 2012), Qom (Salavatian 1950; Radjabi 1968; Borumand 2002, as mniszechi, morosa, morio var.?), Semnan (Borumand 2002, as adusta and luristana), Sistan & Baluchestan (Radjabi 1968, as mniszechi var. elamita and minorita; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002, as glabrata irene), Tehran (Salavatian 1950; Radjabi 1968, as adusta, mniszechi, luristana var. parsa, elamita and zarathustrae; Bílý 1983a, as glabrata irenae, morosa; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002, as klickai, morosa, mniszechi and zarathustrae); "Perse" (Gory & Laporte 1839, as semistriata, misidentification; Marseul 1865, types of mnizsechi, elamita; Kerremans 1912, as elamita, mnizsechi, derugata), "Perse: Chakhou" (Jakovlev 1887a, type of christophi), " Persia " (Obenberger 1927a, as aethiops ssp. gigas, adusta, derugata; types of klapaleki, corrosa), " Persia: Ardilan" (Obenberger 1927a, type of vavrai), " Persia occidentalis: Hamarazendjan" (Obenberger 1927a, type of coeruleolimbata), " Persia: Kharum" (Obenberger 1927a, types of mrazeki, zobeida), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Greece, Iraq, Lebanon, Pakistan, Syria, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Kalashian & Volkovitsh 2009).
Note. Records for Ethiopia, Gambia, Mali, Moçambique, Niger, Senegal, Somalia, and Sudan in Bellamy (2008b) possibly refer to semistriata Palisot de Beauvois 1807, not to semistriata: Gory & Laporte 1839 (misidentification), the latter is a synonym of tragacanthae (Kalashian & Volkovitsh 2009: 446). Record for Falicaria as a host plant (Sakenin et al. 2008) is doubtful, adult and larval host plants of this species are Astragalus spp. (Fabaceae).
Sphenoptera tristicula Reitter 1895a: 38; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2003: 337, 2006: 357; Bellamy 2008b: 809; Ghobari et al. 2012: 238.
synonym: elegans Jakovlev, 1900b: 433.
[subgenus Chrysoblemma].
Distribution within Iran. Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012). Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Turkmenistan (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2003, 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Sphenoptera trisulcata Reiche & Saulcy 1856: 413; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 368; Bellamy 2008b: 809. [subgenus Sphenoptera].
Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, Syria (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Sphenoptera violacea Jakovlev 1898b: 557; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 368; Bellamy 2008b: 813; Kalashian & Volkovitsh 2009: 442.
[subgenus Sphenoptera].
Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b; Kalashian & Volkovitsh 2009).
Distribution outside Iran. Turkmenistan (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b; Kalashian & Volkovitsh 2009).
Sphenoptera viridiaurea Kraatz in Heyden & Kraatz 1882: 318; Bílý 1983a: 83; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 357; Bellamy 2008b: 813.
synonym: cylindracea Reitter 1897: 215.
[subgenus Chrysoblemma].
Biology/Bionomy: Krivosheina 1975a; Kaplin 1981.
Distribution within Iran. Bushehr, Fars, Kerman, Khuzestan, Qom (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).
Sphenoptera vlastae Kalashian & Volkovitsh 2006: 135; Bellamy 2008b: 815. [subgenus Sphenopterella].
misidentification: elpha: Bílý 1983a: 80 (not Obenberger 1926b: 200; Chilostetha); Kalashian & Volkovitsh 2006: 135 (misidentification; holotype of vlastae).
Distribution within Iran. Khorasan (Kalashian & Volkovitsh 2006), Iran (no locality cited) (Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.
Sphenoptera zarudniana Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2003: 332, 2006: 357; Bellamy 2008b: 816. [subgenus Chrysoblemma].
Distribution within Iran. Sistan & Baluchestan (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2003). Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.
Note. The record for Iraq in Volkovitsh & Kalashian (2006) and Bellamy (2008b) is a misprint (Iraq instead of Iran); this species is known only from type locality in Iran.
Sphenoptera zarudnyi Jakovlev 1899a: 99; Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 357; Bellamy 2008b: 816. [subgenus Chrysoblemma].
Distribution within Iran. Khorasan (Jakovlev 1899a), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b: 816).
Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.
* Sphenoptera zarudnyi schatinensis Alexeev & Zykov 1991: 149 (subspecies of zarudnyi); Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006: 357; Bellamy 2008b: 816.
Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Bellamy 2008b).
Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Turkey (Volkovitsh & Kalashian 2006). Note. The records of S. z. schatinensis for Iran and Azerbaijan in Bellamy (2008b) need confirmation.
description: Published as part of Ghahari, Hassan, Volkovitsh, Mark G. & Bellamy, Charles L., 2015, An annotated catalogue of the Buprestidae of Iran (Coleoptera: Buprestoidea), pp. 1-141 in Zootaxa 3984 (1) on pages 38-64, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3984.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/245157