cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Spin Chains and Gauge/String Duality
Creators: name: Gorsky, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The stringy picture behind the integrable spin chains governing the evolution equations in Yang-Mills theory is discussed. It is shown that one-loop dilatation operator in N=4 theory can be expressed in terms of two-point functions on 2d worldsheet. Using the relation between Neumann integrable system and the spin chains it is argued that the transition to the finite gauge theory coupling implies the discretization of the worldsheet. We conjecture that string bit model for the discretized worldsheet corresponds to the representation of the integrable spin chains in terms of the separated variables.
description: 20 pages,reference added
Does Contract Farming Improve Smallholder Farmers Income? The Case of Avocado Farming in Kenya
Creators: name: Mwambi, Mercy
name: Oduol, Judith
name: Mshenga, Patience M.
name: Mwanarusi, Saidi
name: Mwambi, Mercy
name: Oduol, Judith
name: Mshenga, Patience M.
name: Mwanarusi, Saidi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Farm Management
subject: Contract farming
subject: Smallholder
subject: Household income
subject: Avocado
subject: Impact
subject: Sub-Saharan Africa

description: Contract farming is seen by its proponents as a tool for creating new market opportunities as well as for providing credit and training, leading to increased incomes of smallholder farmers. Critics, however, argue that contract farming encourages unequal bargaining relationships with agribusiness firms and is likely to pass risks to farmers, thus favouring large scale farmers at the expense of smallholders. Another school of thought contends that the effect of contract farming on the livelihoods of smallholder farmers is context specific and depends on the enterprise in question. Yet, there is a dearth of empirical evidence from such studies in Sub-Saharan Africa. We use data collected in 2012 from 100 smallholder avocado farmers in Kandara district in Kenya, obtained using multistage sampling technique, to examine the effect of contract farming on household income. Because of lack of pre-treatment data and the possibility of selection bias due to observable characteristics, we use propensity score matching technique to construct controls for the treatment group. The results indicate that contract farming has a positive and significant effect on avocado income. However, further analysis reveals that contract farming does not have any significant effect on the total household income of smallholder avocado farmers. Instead, support services such as interlinked credit and provision of information should be taken into consideration in contract farming because of their potential benefits for smallholders.
A Dynamical Model of Oncotripsy by Mechanical Cell Fatigue: Selective Cancer Cell Ablation by Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound (LIPUS)
Creators: name: Schibber, E. F.
name: Mittelstein, D. R.
name: Gharib, M.
name: Shapiro, M. G.
name: Lee, P. P.
name: Ortiz, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The method of oncotripsy, first proposed in [S. Heyden and M. Ortiz (2016). Oncotripsy: Targeting cancer cells selectively via resonant harmonic excitation. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 92:164-175], exploits aberrations in the material properties and morphology of cancerous cells in order to ablate them selectively by means of tuned low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS). We propose a dynamical model of oncotripsy that follows as an application of cell dynamics, statistical mechanical theory of network elasticity and 'birth-death' kinetics to describe processes of damage and repair of the cytoskeleton. We also develop a reduced dynamical model that approximates the three-dimensional dynamics of the cell and facilitates parametric studies, including sensitivity analysis and process optimization. We show that the dynamical model predicts---and provides a conceptual basis for understanding---the oncotripsy effect and other trends in the data of [D. R. Mittelstein, J. Ye, E. F. Schibber, A. Roychoudhury, L. T. Martinez, M. H. Fekrazad, M. Ortiz, P. P. Lee, M. G. Shapiro, M. Gharib (2019). Selective Ablation of Cancer Cells with Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound. BioRxiv] for cells in suspension, including the dependence of cell-death curves on cell and process parameters.
title: What Affects MFP in the Long-Run? Evidence from Canadian Industries
Creators: name: Leung, Danny
name: Zheng, Yi
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2008

description: In this paper we explore variables that may have an impact on multifactor productivity (MFP) in the long-run using the KLEMS database for Canada. We estimate a dynamic heterogeneous panel error-correction model of twelve 2-digit level industries. Variables investigated include ICT capital, outsourcing, competition, trade openness, public infrastructure, and R&D. Results suggest that over the 1976 – 2003 period ICT capital services, outsourcing and trade all had a positive impact on the level of industry MFP. The speed of adjustment varies significantly by industry.
description: À partir de données canadiennes de la base KLEMS, les auteurs analysent les variables susceptibles d'influer sur la productivité multifactorielle à long terme. Ils estiment pour ce faire un modèle à correction d'erreurs fondé sur des données de panel hétérogènes et dynamiques concernant douze secteurs à deux chiffres. Six variables sont étudiées : les services du capital lié aux technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC), l'externalisation, la concurrence, l'ouverture au commerce extérieur, les infrastructures publiques et la recherche-développement. Selon les résultats obtenus, de 1976 à 2003, les services du capital TIC, l'externalisation et l'ouverture au commerce extérieur ont tous eu une incidence positive sur la productivité multifactorielle dans les secteurs considérés. Le rythme d'ajustement de celle-ci varie considérablement d'un secteur à l'autre.
title: Price Level Targeting in a Small Open Economy with Financial Frictions: Welfare Analysis
Creators: name: Dib, Ali
name: Mendicino, Caterina
name: Zhang, Yahong
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2008

description: How important are the benefits of low price-level uncertainty? This paper explores the desirability of price-level path targeting in an estimated DSGE model fit to Canadian data. The policy implications are based on social welfare evaluations. Compared to the historical inflation targeting rule, an optimal price level targeting regime substantially reduces the welfare cost of business cycle fluctuations in terms of steady state consumption. The optimal price-level targeting rule performs also better than the optimal inflation targeting rule in minimizing the distortion generated by the presence of nominal debt contracts. The occurrence of financial shocks, which are among the main sources of business cycle fluctuations in the model, significantly contributes to quantify the welfare gains of price level targeting.
description: Quelle est l'importance des gains que procure une faible incertitude du niveau des prix? Les auteurs explorent les mérites d'une cible définie par rapport au niveau des prix dans le cadre d'un modèle d'équilibre général dynamique et stochastique étalonné en fonction de données canadiennes. Les conclusions qu'ils en tirent pour la conduite de la politique monétaire se fondent sur des évaluations du bien-être. Un régime optimal axé sur la poursuite d'une cible de niveau des prix permet de réduire considérablement la perte de bien-être (mesuré par la consommation en régime permanent) liée aux fluctuations conjoncturelles comparativement au régime actuel de cible d'inflation. Ce régime réussit également mieux que le régime optimal de cible d'inflation à minimiser les distortions créées par la présence de contrats de prêt formulés en termes nominaux. La simulation de chocs financiers, qui constituent l'une des principales sources des fluctuations économiques dans le modèle, facilite la quantification des gains de bien-être associés à la poursuite d'une cible de niveau des prix.
Supermarket market-channel participation and technology decisions of horticultural producers in Brazil
Creators: name: Mainville, Denise Y.
name: Reardon, Thomas
name: Mainville, Denise Y.
name: Reardon, Thomas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: market channel
subject: produce
subject: supermarkets
subject: horticulture

description: This paper examined the relationships between growers’ choice of market channel (emphasizing the supermarket market-chan-nel versus others), technology use, and grower characteristics such as human capital and farm size. Three key ﬁndings emerged. First, both tomato and lettuce growers selling to the supermarket market-channel had more human capital than those not participating. Second, while farm size was important in whether lettuce growers sell to supermar-kets, it was not important for tomato growers. Third, technology use was signiﬁcantly more capital-intensive among lettuce growers selling to the supermarket channels, however, that was generally not the case for to-mato growers. These results are important to agribusiness researchers and policymakers interested in technology design and research and ex-tension to enable producers to adapt to the needs of changing agrifood markets, with new requirements of attributes of products and transac-tions, which in turn have implications for technology adoption and hu-man capital investment among growers. This is particularly pressing in places like Brazil where the market for horticultural products is chang-ing quickly, conditioned by the rapid rise of supermarkets.
title: Are There Canada-U.S. Differences in SME Financing?
Creators: name: Leung, Danny
name: Meh, Cesaire
name: Terajima, Yaz
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2008

description: Previous surveys of Canadian and U.S. business owners suggest that access to financing in Canada may be more problematic than in the United States. Using the 2003 Survey of Small Business Financing in the United States and the 2004 Survey on Financing of Small and Medium Enterprises in Canada, this paper examines whether this perception can be better quantified. Compared to U.S. SMEs, Canadian SMEs are found to have greater reliance on loans from individuals (family, friends and others) and less reliance on loans from financial institutions. This result can be interpreted either as indicative of lower availability of formal credit in Canada, or a lower need for formal credit. Furthermore, while evidence validating the perception that Canadian financial institutions are less likely to approve loan application of risky SMEs cannot be found, there is evidence that supports the notion that Canadian financial institutions are following a more uniform pricing policy than U.S. financial institutions.
description: Si l'on en croit diverses enquêtes menées auprès des propriétaires d'entreprises canadiennes et américaines, l'accès au financement serait plus difficile au Canada qu'aux États-Unis. En se fondant sur les données d'une enquête concernant le financement des petites entreprises effectuée en 2003 aux États-Unis et sur celles d'une enquête analogue réalisée en 2004 au Canada auprès des petites et moyennes entreprises (PME), les auteurs examinent si cette perception peut être quantifiée avec plus de précision. D'après les chiffres avancés, les PME canadiennes ont davantage recours aux prêts de particuliers (famille, amis, etc.) que les PME américaines et font moins appel aux institutions financières. Ce résultat témoigne soit d'une moindre accessibilité au crédit classique au Canada, soit d'une demande plus faible pour ce type de financement. En outre, si rien ne confirme la perception voulant que les institutions financières canadiennes accordent moins facilement de prêts aux PME jugées risquées, d'autres éléments donnent à penser que leur politique de tarification est plus uniforme que celle de leurs homologues américaines.
Socio-Economic Determinants of Commercialization Among Smallholder Farmers in Abia State, Nigeria
Creators: name: Agwu, Nnanna Mba
name: Anyanwu, Cynthia Ijeoma
name: Mendie, E.I.
name: Agwu, Nnanna Mba
name: Anyanwu, Cynthia Ijeoma
name: Mendie, E.I.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Farm Management
subject: Commercialization
subject: commercialization index
subject: determinants
subject: socio-economic

description: The general objective of the study is to analyse the socio- economic determinants of commercialization among small holder farmers in Abia state, Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study are to: examine the level of commercialization among the farmers; estimate the determinants of commercialization among the small holder farmers in the study area; and make recommendations based on the findings. A multi-stage sampling technique was adopted for this study, leading to the selection of one hundred and eighty (180) farmers / respondents. Primary source of data was used for the study. This was actualized with questionnaire administered to the already selected respondents. Household commercialization index (HCI) and multiple regression were employed in analyzing the data. The result of the commercialization index showed that none of the crops studied attained a ratio above 30 percent. Cassava had the highest ratio of 29.58 percent, while water yam was the least with 13.55 percent. The coefficient of household size, income, farming experience, farm size, distance to market, membership of society and access to credits, were all significant at various probability levels and with different signs in influencing commercialization in the study area. It is therefore recommended that markets should be created where none exist. Support to facilities in storage, business management, capacity building, packing and processing should be provided. Furthermore, interlocked transaction institutional arrangement model is recommended.
title: Which Bank is the "Central" Bank? An Application of Markov Theory to the Canadian Large Value Transfer System
Creators: name: Bech, Morten
name: Chapman, James
name: Garrat, Rod
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2008

description: We use a method similar to Google's PageRank procedure to rank banks in the Canadian Large Value Transfer System (LVTS). Along the way we obtain estimates of the payment processing speeds for the individual banks. These differences in processing speeds are essential for explaining why observed daily distributions of liquidity differ from the initial distributions, which are determined by the credit limits selected by banks.
description: Les auteurs appliquent au système canadien de transfert de paiements de grande valeur une méthode similaire à l'algorithme PageRank de Google. Ils obtiennent ainsi une estimation de la vitesse de traitement des paiements dans chaque banque. L'analyse des différences entre banques à ce chapitre est essentielle si l'on veut comprendre pourquoi la distribution moyenne de la liquidité pour la journée diffère de la distribution observée en début de journée, qui est fonction des limites de crédit établies par les banques.
A Disk Census for Young Brown Dwarfs
Creators: name: Jayawardhana, Ray
name: Ardila, David R.
name: Stelzer, Beate
name: Haisch, Karl E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent surveys have identified sub-stellar objects down to planetary masses in nearby star-forming regions. Reliable determination of the disk frequency in young brown dwarfs is of paramount importance to understanding their origin. Here we report the results of a systematic study of infrared L'-band (3.8-micron) disk excess in ~50 spectroscopically confirmed objects near and below the sub-stellar boundary in several young clusters. Our observations, using the ESO Very Large Telescope, Keck I and the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility, reveal that a significant fraction of brown dwarfs harbor disks at a very young age. Their inner disk lifetimes do not appear to be vastly different from those of disks around T Tauri stars. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that sub-stellar objects form via a mechanism similar to solar-mass stars.
description: accepted for publication in The Astronomical Journal
title: McCallum Rules, Exchange Rates, and the Term Structure of Interest Rates
Creators: name: Diez de los Rios, Antonio
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2008

description: McCallum (1994a) proposes a monetary rule where policymakers have some tendency to resist rapid changes in exchange rates to explain the forward premium puzzle. We estimate this monetary policy reaction function within the framework of an affine term structure model to find that, contrary to previous estimates of this rule, the monetary authorities in Canada, Germany and the U.K. respond to nominal exchange rate movements. Our model is also able to replicate the forward premium puzzle.
description: En vue d'élucider l'énigme de la prime à terme, McCallum (1994a) propose une règle monétaire où la banque centrale tend à s'opposer aux variations soudaines des taux de change. Dans la présente étude, l'auteur estime cette fonction de réaction de la politique monétaire dans le cadre d'un modèle affine de la structure des taux d'intérêt; il constate que, contrairement à ce qu'indiquaient les estimations antérieures fondées sur cette règle, les autorités monétaires canadienne, allemande et britannique réagissent aux mouvements des taux de change nominaux. Le modèle de l'auteur permet aussi d'expliquer l'énigme de la prime à terme.
Photonic band gaps in materials with triply periodic surfaces and related tubular structures
Creators: name: Michielsen, K.
name: Kole, J. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the photonic band gap of triply periodic bicontinuous cubic structures and of tubular structures constructed from the skeletal graphs of triply periodic minimal surfaces. The effect of the symmetry and topology of the periodic dielectric structures on the existence and the characteristics of the gaps is discussed. We find that the C(I2-Y**) structure with Ia3d symmetry, a symmetry which is often seen in experimentally realized bicontinuous structures, has a photonic band gap with interesting characteristics. For a dielectric contrast of 11.9 the largest gap is approximately 20% for a volume fraction of the high dielectric material of 25%. The midgap frequency is a factor of 1.5 higher than the one for the (tubular) D and G structures.
Modelling regional input markets with numerous processing plants: The case of green maize for biogas production in Germany
Creators: name: Delzeit, Ruth
name: Britz, Wolfgang
name: Holm-Müller, Karin
name: Delzeit, Ruth
name: Britz, Wolfgang
name: Holm-Müller, Karin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Competitive facility location
subject: transport costs
subject: modelling
subject: biogas
subject: biomass transportation

description: The location of first generation processing plants for biogas using bulky inputs is a prominent example of locational decisions of plants that face high per unit transport costs of feedstock and simultaneously depend to a large extent on feedstock availability. Modelling the resulting regional feedstock markets then requires a spatially explicit representation of demand. With production capacities of plants small in comparison to market size, large numbers of possible type-location combinations need to be considered, requiring considerable computation time under existing integer programming-based approaches. Therefore, in this paper we aim to present an alternative, faster and more flexible iterative solution approach to simulate location decisions for processing plants. And with greater flexibility, this approach is able to take into account spatially heterogeneous transport costs depending on total demand. The approach is implemented in a modelling framework for biogas production from green maize in Germany, which currently accounts for ca. five percent of Germany's agricultural area. By modifying green maize prices, demand functions are derived and intersected with regional supply functions from an agricultural model to simulate market clearing prices and quantities. The application illustrates that our approach efficiently simulates markets characterised by small-scale demand units and high, spatially heterogeneous transport costs.
MOESM3 of Safety and tolerability of experimental hookworm infection in humans with metabolic disease: study protocol for a phase 1b randomised controlled clinical trial
Creators: name: Pierce, Doris
name: Merone, Lea
name: Lewis, Chris
name: Rahman, Tony
name: Croese, John
name: Loukas, Alex
name: McDonald, Malcolm
name: Giacomin, Paul
name: McDermott, Robyn
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3. Adverse event Case Report Form: The Case Report form used to record Adverse Events.
Corner overgrowth: Bending a high mobility two-dimensional electron system by 90 degrees
Creators: name: Grayson, M.
name: Schuh, D.
name: Huber, M.
name: Bichler, M.
name: Abstreiter, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Introducing an epitaxial growth technique called corner overgrowth, we fabricate a quantum confinement structure consisting of a high-mobility GaAs/AlGaAs heterojunction overgrown on top of an ex-situ cleaved substrate corner. The resulting corner-junction quantum-well heterostructure effectively bends a two-dimensional electron system (2DES) at an atomically sharp $90^{\rm o}$ angle. The high-mobility 2DES demonstrates fractional quantum Hall effect on both facets. Lossless edge-channel conduction over the corner confirms a continuum of 2D electrons across the junction, consistent with Schroedinger-Poisson calculations of the electron distribution. This growth technique differs distinctly from cleaved-edge overgrowth and enables a complementary class of new embedded quantum heterostructures.
description: 3 pages, 4 figures, latest version accepted to APL
Determinants of Bilateral Food Related Disputes
Creators: name: Götz, Christian
name: Heckelei, Thomas
name: Götz, Christian
name: Heckelei, Thomas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: WTO dispute
subject: Agro-food sector
subject: Binary choice model
subject: Weighted Endogenous Sampling Maximum Likelihood (WESML) estimator

description: This paper analyses relevant determinants for the probability to initiate a dispute on policy measures under the World Trade Organization (WTO) Dispute Settlement Mechanism (DSM). The empirical analysis focuses on agrofood related disputes to provide sector specific information on the driving factors in dispute settlement, and complements and extends previous studies by incorporating new potential determinants. The focus is shifted to bilaterally dependent characteristics to take care of trade related and power based relationships between Members, such as relevance of the defendant’s market and the complainant’s trade related retaliation capacity. Contrary to recent analyses of overall trade disputes, the results show that capacity-related determinants such as financial means and legal capacity and simple trade-related characteristics like export and import volume do not show a statistically significant impact on dispute initiation in the agro-food sector. However, the level of protectionism that Members face in their export markets, their operating experience with the DSM, the influence of private sector interests, complainants’ agrofood related export dependency as well as the size of their agro-food imports from the defendant party could be identified as relevant determinants of dispute initiation behavior.
Genetic perturbation of PU.1 binding and chromatin looping at neutrophil enhancers associates with autoimmune disease
Creators: name: Watt, Stephen
name: Vasquez, Louella
name: Walter, Klaudia
name: Mann, Alice L.
name: Kundu, Kousik
name: Chen, Lu
name: Sims, Ying
name: Ecker, Simone
name: Burden, Frances
name: Farrow, Samantha
name: Farr, Ben
name: Iotchkova, Valentina
name: Elding, Heather
name: Mead, Daniel
name: Tardaguila, Manuel
name: Ponstingl, Hannes
name: Richardson, David
name: Datta, Avik
name: Flicek, Paul
name: Clarke, Laura
name: Downes, Kate
name: Pastinen, Tomi
name: Fraser, Peter
name: Frontini, Mattia
name: Javierre, Biola-Maria
name: Spivakov, Mikhail
name: Soranzo, Nicole
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Article
/631/208/199
/631/208/200
/631/250/262
/631/337/100/101
/38/15
/45/91
/45/43
/49/39
article

description: Funder: MS is funded by Medical Research Council (MC-A652-5QA20)
description: Funder: This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust grant (206194) and EU FP7 High Impact Project BLUEPRINT (HEALTH-F5-2011-282510)
description: Abstract: Neutrophils play fundamental roles in innate immune response, shape adaptive immunity, and are a potentially causal cell type underpinning genetic associations with immune system traits and diseases. Here, we profile the binding of myeloid master regulator PU.1 in primary neutrophils across nearly a hundred volunteers. We show that variants associated with differential PU.1 binding underlie genetically-driven differences in cell count and susceptibility to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. We integrate these results with other multi-individual genomic readouts, revealing coordinated effects of PU.1 binding variants on the local chromatin state, enhancer-promoter contacts and downstream gene expression, and providing a functional interpretation for 27 genes underlying immune traits. Collectively, these results demonstrate the functional role of PU.1 and its target enhancers in neutrophil transcriptional control and immune disease susceptibility.
Rhinosimus viridiaeneus
Creators: name: Ferro, Michael L.
name: Gimmel, Matthew L.
name: Harms, Kyle E.
name: Carlton, Christopher E.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Salpingidae
Rhinosimus
Rhinosimus viridiaeneus

description: Rhinosimus viridiaeneus (Randall) (Fig. 55)
 Range: northern North America from British Columbia to Maine, south to Indiana and Tennessee.
 Habitat: damp, shaded sites in association with dead wood, hanging dead leaves, moss, under lichens.
 Collection Method: beating dead branches, emergence. Biology: adults feed on bark of unthrifty alder and maple twigs, larvae feed on inner brown bark (see Howden and Howden (1981) notes on life history). Present Study: significantly higher abundance in FWD1 and primary forest. References: Blatchley 1910; Blair 1932; Howden and Howden 1981; Downie and Arnett 1996; Pollock 2002b; Majka et al. 2011.
description: Published as part of Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E. & Carlton, Christopher E., 2012, Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA, pp. 1-8 in Insecta Mundi 2012 (260) on page 29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
A hue-preserving tone mapping scheme based on constant-hue plane without gamut problem
Creators: name: Kinoshita, Yuma
name: Seo, Kouki
name: Visavakitcharoen, Artit
name: Kiya, Hitoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We propose a novel hue-preserving tone mapping scheme. Various tone mapping operations have been studied so far, but there are very few works on color distortion caused in image tone mapping. First, LDR images produced from HDR ones by using conventional tone mapping operators (TMOs) are pointed out to have some distortion in hue values due to clipping and rounding quantization processing. Next,we propose a novel method which allows LDR images to have the same maximally saturated color values as those of HDR ones. Generated LDR images by the proposed method have smaller hue degradation than LDR ones generated by conventional TMOs. Moreover, the proposed method is applicable to any TMOs. In an experiment, the proposed method is demonstrated not only to produce images with small hue degradation but also to maintain well-mapped luminance, in terms of three objective metrics: TMQI, hue value in CIEDE2000, and the maximally saturated color on the constant-hue plane in the RGB color space.
title: The Role of Foreign Exchange Dealers in Providing Overnight Liquidity
Creators: name: D'Souza, Christopher
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2008

description: This paper illustrates that dealers in foreign exchange markets not only provide intraday liquidity, they are key participants in the provision of overnight liquidity. Dealing institutions receive compensation for holding undesired inventory balances in part from the information they receive in customer trades. These flows can be used to forecast future movements in the exchange rate. Findings suggest that Canadian dealers, as a group and individually, are more likely to provide interday liquidity to foreign rather than Canadian financial customers. Financial institutions operating in multiple price-correlated markets manage their risky positions across markets. An interdependent relationship is revealed between the supply of liquidity provided by non-financial firms and dealing institutions across time, and across markets.
description: Comme l'auteur le montre, les institutions actives sur les marchés des changes ne font pas qu'assurer la liquidité durant la journée : elles jouent aussi un rôle important dans la fourniture de liquidité au-delà d'un jour. Les coûts liés au maintien de positions non désirées sont contrebalancés en partie par l'information tirée des transactions avec la clientèle. Cette information peut en effet aider à prévoir les variations du taux de change. D'après les résultats présentés, les cambistes canadiens seraient, tant collectivement qu'à titre individuel, plus enclins à procurer de la liquidité au-delà d'un jour à leurs clients lorsque ceux-ci sont établis à l'étranger. Les institutions financières assurant la tenue de multiples marchés dont les cours sont corrélés gèrent leurs positions risquées sur plusieurs marchés à la fois. L'auteur met en lumière l'interdépendance des activités d'apport de liquidité des institutions financières et des entreprises non financières, aussi bien dans le temps que sur les différents marchés.
Bayesian estimation of non-stationary Markov models combining micro and macro data
Creators: name: Storm, Hugo
name: Heckelei, Thomas
name: Mittelhammer, Ron
name: Storm, Hugo
name: Heckelei, Thomas
name: Mittelhammer, Ron
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Bayesian estimation
subject: Markov transitions
subject: prior information
subject: multinomial logit
subject: ordered multinomial logit

description: We develop a Bayesian estimation framework for non-stationary Markov models for situations where both sample data on observed transitions between states (micro data) and population data, where only the proportion of individuals in each state is observed (macro data), are available. Posterior distributions on transition probabilities are derived from a micro-based prior and a macrobased likelihood, thereby providing a new method that combines micro and macro information in a logically consistent manner and merges previously disparate approaches for inferring transition probabilities. Monte Carlo simulations for ordered and unordered states show how observed micro transitions improve the precision of posterior knowledge.
MOESM2 of Defining the larval habitat: abiotic and biotic parameters associated with Anopheles farauti productivity
Creators: name: McLaughlin, Kimberley
name: Burkot, Thomas
name: Jance Oscar
name: Beebe, Nigel
name: Russell, Tanya
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2: Figure S1. Comparison of the influence of abiotic parameters that were analysed categorically on the density of An. farauti larvae in aquatic habitats. Figure S2. Comparison of the influence of abiotic parameters that were analysed continuously on the density of An. farauti larvae in aquatic habitats. Figure S3. Comparison of the influence of biotic parameters on the density of An. farauti larvae in aquatic habitats.
title: Zur Situation des Arbeitsmarktes für Spezialbibliothekare : Statistische Untersuchungen zur Beschäftigung von Informationsspezialisten in internen Informationseinrichtungen
Creators: name: Puschmann, Simone
Publisher: name: Hochschule Hannover
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: 020 Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft

description: Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt anhand statistischer Untersuchungen einen Einblick in die derzeitige Arbeitsmarktsituation für Spezialbibliothekare in Deutschland. Es wird untersucht, in welchem Umfang Spezialbibliotheken in deutschen Statistiken erfasst sind. Dabei werden auch Auswertungen hinsichtlich ihrer Bestandsgröße und Personalstellenzahl durchgeführt. Den Schwerpunkt der Arbeit bildet die Analyse von Stellenanzeigen, die Positionen in internen Informationseinrichtungen ausschreiben, im Hinblick auf verschiedene Aspekte. Diese statistischen Untersuchungen geben Aufschluss darüber, wie sich die Arbeitsmarktsituation für Beschäftigte in Spezialbibliotheken derzeit darstellt. Dabei werden einerseits quantitative Aussagen getroffen, die Rückschlüsse auf den Umfang des spezialbibliothekarischen Arbeitsmarktes zulassen. Andererseits erfolgt eine qualitative Analyse, indem die von Arbeitgebern gebotenen Beschäftigungsverhältnisse sowie die an zukünftige Stelleninhaber gestellten spezifischen Anforderungen hinsichtlich ihrer Qualifikation näher betrachtet werden.
title: Firm Size and Productivity
Creators: name: Leung, Danny
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2008

description: This paper examines the relationship between firm size and productivity. In contrast to previous studies, this paper offers evidence of the relationship not only from manufacturing firms, but from non-manufacturing firms as well. Furthermore, the aggregate importance of the firm size-productivity relationship is gauged by calculating to what extent shifts in the distribution of employment over firm size categories has affected Canadian aggregate productivity, and whether differences in the employment distribution over firm size categories between Canada and the United States can account for the Canada-U.S. labour productivity gap. The importance of large and small firms to changes in productivity is also examined.

A positive relationship between firm size and both labour productivity and TFP is found in both the manufacturing and non-manufacturing sectors. Given this relationship, the difference in the employment distribution over firm sizes between Canada and the United States can account for half of the Canada-U.S. labour productivity gap in manufacturing.
description: Les auteurs étudient la relation entre la taille de l'entreprise et la productivité. À la différence des études antérieures, leur analyse englobe non seulement les entreprises de fabrication mais aussi les firmes non manufacturières. L'importance globale de la relation entre taille et productivité est évaluée en calculant dans quelle mesure les variations de la répartition de l'emploi par taille d'entreprise ont influé sur la productivité globale des firmes canadiennes et en examinant si les différences dans cette répartition entre le Canada et les États-Unis permettent d'expliquer l'écart de productivité du travail entre eux. L'incidence du poids relatif des grandes et des petites entreprises sur la productivité est aussi analysée.

Les auteurs décèlent une relation positive à la fois dans les secteurs manufacturier et non manufacturier entre, d'une part, la taille de l'entreprise et, d'autre part, la productivité du travail et la productivité totale des facteurs. Compte tenu de cette relation, les différences dans la répartition de l'emploi par taille d'entreprise entre le Canada et les États-Unis parviennent à expliquer la moitié de l'écart de productivité du travail entre les secteurs manufacturiers des deux pays.
The C IV Mass Density of the Universe at Redshift 5
Creators: name: Pettini, Max
name: Madau, Piero
name: Bolte, Michael
name: Prochaska, Jason X.
name: Ellison, Sara L.
name: Fan, Xiaohui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to search for metals in the Lyman alpha forest at redshifts z > 4, we have obtained spectra of high S/N and resolution of three QSOs at z > 5.4 discovered by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. These data allow us to probe to metal enrichment of the intergalactic medium at early times with higher sensitivity than previous studies. We find 16 C IV absorption systems with column densities log N(C IV) = 12.50 - 13.98 over a total redshift path Delta X = 3.29. In the redshift interval z = 4.5-5.0, where our statistics are most reliable, we deduce a comoving mass density of C IV ions Omega(C IV) = (4.3 +/- 2.5) x 10(-8) (90% confidence limits) for absorption systems with log N(C IV) > 13.0 (for an Einstein-de Sitter cosmology with h = 0.65). This value of Omega(C IV) is entirely consistent with those measured at z < 4; we confirm the earlier finding by Songaila (2001) that neither the column density distribution of C IV absorbers nor its integral show significant redshift evolution over a period of time which stretches from 1.25 to 4.5 Gyr after the big bang. This somewhat surprising conclusion may be an indication that the intergalactic medium was enriched in metals at redshifts much greater than 5, perhaps by the sources responsible for its reionization. Alternatively, the C IV systems we see may be associated with outflows from massive star-forming galaxies at later times, while the truly intergalactic metals may reside in regions of the Lyman alpha forest of lower density than those probed up to now.
description: 24 pages including 5 figures. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal (September 10, 2003 issue)
Asymmetric shocks in $χ$ Cyg observed with linear spectropolarimetry
Creators: name: Ariste, A. López
name: Tessore, B.
name: Carlín, E. S.
name: Mathias, Ph.
name: Lèbre, A.
name: Morin, J.
name: Petit, P.
name: Aurière, M.
name: Gillet, D.
name: Herpin, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims: From a coherent interpretation of the linear polarisation detected in the spectral lines of the Mira star $χ$ Cyg, we derive information about the dynamics of the stellar photosphere, including pulsation. Methods: From spectropolarimetric observations of $χ$ Cyg, we perform careful analysis of the polarisation signals observed in atomic and molecular lines, both in absorption and emission, using the radiative transfer in the polarisation context, through two mechanisms: intrinsic polarisation and continuum depolarisation. We also explain the observed line doubling phenomenon in terms of an expanding shell in spherical geometry, which allows us to pinpoint the coordinates over the stellar disk with enhanced polarisation. Results: We find that the polarised spectrum of $χ$ Cyg is dominated by intrinsic polarisation, with a negligible continuum depolarisation. The observed polarised signals can only be explained by assuming that this polarisation is locally enhanced by velocity fields. During the pulsation, radial velocities are not homogeneous over the disk. We map these regions of enhanced velocities. Conclusions: We have set an algorithm to distinguish in any stellar spectra of linear polarisation the origin of this polarisation and the way to increase signal by coherently adding many lines with an appropriated weight. Applied to the Mira star $χ$ Cyg, we reached the unexpected result that during the pulsation, velocities are radial but not homogeneous over the disk. The reason for these local velocity enhancements are probably related to the interplay between the atmospheric pulsation dynamics and the underlying stellar convection.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A
Cluster Dynamical Mean Field analysis of the Mott transition
Creators: name: Parcollet, O.
name: Biroli, G.
name: Kotliar, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the Mott transition using a cluster extension of dynamical mean field theory (DMFT). In the absence of frustration we find no evidence for a finite temperature Mott transition. Instead, in a frustrated model, we observe signatures of a finite temperature Mott critical point in agreement with experimental studies of kappa-organics and with single site DMFT. As the Mott transition is approached, a clear momentum dependence of the electron lifetime develops on the Fermi surface with the formation of cold regions along the diagonal direction of the Brillouin zone. Furthermore the variation of the effective mass is no longer equal to the inverse of the quasi particle residue, as in DMFT, and is reduced approaching the Mott transition.
description: 4 pages
MOESM1 of Safety and tolerability of experimental hookworm infection in humans with metabolic disease: study protocol for a phase 1b randomised controlled clinical trial
Creators: name: Pierce, Doris
name: Merone, Lea
name: Lewis, Chris
name: Rahman, Tony
name: Croese, John
name: Loukas, Alex
name: McDonald, Malcolm
name: Giacomin, Paul
name: McDermott, Robyn
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Participant Consent form: The Informed Consent form used in the present clinical trial.
Haplopteris yakushimensis C. W. Chen & Ebihara
Creators: name: Chen, Cheng-Wei
name: Do, Van Truong
name: Truong, Quang Cuong
name: Dang, Viet Dai
name: Luu, Hong Truong
name: Chao, Yi-Shan
name: Huang, Yao-Moan
name: Chung, Kuo-Fang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Polypodiopsida
Polypodiales
Pteridaceae
Haplopteris
Haplopteris yakushimensis

description: Haplopteris yakushimensis C. W. Chen & Ebihara, Phytotaxa 156 (4): 232. 2014.
Fig. 1
Type.
Japan. • Kagoshima Pref., Yakushima Island, Nakabase River, 20 Aug 1982, Nakaike s. n. (holotype TNS [VS-456666!]).
Distribution and ecology.
This species was previously recorded only in Japan and Taiwan (Chen et al. 2014, TPG 2019). In Vietnam, H. yakushimensis is found in damp evergreen broadleaf forests at elevations of 1200–1360 m, where it grows on rocks with thick compost near streams.
Specimens examined.
Vietnam. • Cao Bang Province: Phia-Oac Phia-Den National Park, 6 Dec 2013, Zhang et al. 6755 (MO, TAIF [499240!], VNMN). Phia-Oac Phia-Den National Park, Nguyen Binh District, Thanh Cong Ward, 22.589539°N, 105.880403°E, 1353 m, 8 Nov 2023, Chen Wade 6952 (TAIF!, VNMN!). • Ha Giang Province: Vi Xuyen District, Cao Bo Ward, 22.767500°N, 104.880394°E, 1200–1360 m, 12 Sep 2000, Harder et al. 5514 (UC [1763099!]).
Note.
Haplopteris, a fern genus comprising approximately 40 species, is primarily found in tropical Africa, Asia, and the Pacific Islands (Schuettpelz et al. 2016). In Vietnam, eight Haplopteris species were previously recorded: H. angustifolia (Blume) E. H. Crane, H. doniana (Mett. ex Hieron.) E. H. Crane, H. elongata (Sw.) E. H. Crane, H. ensata (Christ) C. W. Chen & S. Linds., H. ensiformis (Sw.) E. H. Crane, H. flexuosa (Fée) E. H. Crane, H. hainanensis (C. Chr. ex Ching) E. H. Crane, and H. sikkimensis (Kuhn) E. H. Crane (Chen et al. 2023). Haplopteris yakushimensis can be distinguished from these species by having fronds broader than 1 cm wide, costae that are grooved on the adaxial side and raised on the abaxial side, and the submarginal (ca. 1–2 mm away from the margins) sori lines.
Recent studies have identified two genetically distinct yet morphologically indistinguishable lineages in H. yakushimensis (Kuo et al. 2017; TPG 2019). With the discovery of new populations in Vietnam, we are currently working to clarify these lineages using an integrated approach that includes reproductive biology, genome size estimation, and nuclear markers. The results of this research will be published in a separate paper.
description: Published as part of Chen, Cheng-Wei, Do, Van Truong, Truong, Quang Cuong, Dang, Viet Dai, Luu, Hong Truong, Chao, Yi-Shan, Huang, Yao-Moan & Chung, Kuo-Fang, 2025, Studies of Vietnamese Pteridophyte Flora 3, pp. 143-169 in PhytoKeys 255 on pages 143-169, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.255.141395
Hesperus apicialis
Creators: name: Ferro, Michael L.
name: Gimmel, Matthew L.
name: Harms, Kyle E.
name: Carlton, Christopher E.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Hesperus
Hesperus apicialis

description: Hesperus apicialis (Say) (Fig. 73)
 Range: northeastern North America, southern Quebec south to Florida, west to Kansas and Nebraska.
 Habitat: found on old trees, fermenting sap under bark of oak, decaying wood of old fallen trees. Collection Method: at lights, malt trap, sifting/Berlese, emergence. Biology: poorly known. Present Study: significantly higher abundance in primary forest. References: Horn 1884 (as Philonthus apicalis (Say)); Blatchley 1910 (as Hesperus apicalis (Say)); Moore 1958; Frank 1983; Smetana 1995; Downie and Arnett 1996 (as H. apicalis); Peck and Thomas 1998; Majka et al. 2011.
description: Published as part of Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E. & Carlton, Christopher E., 2012, Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA, pp. 1-8 in Insecta Mundi 2012 (260) on page 32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
MOESM1 of Defining the larval habitat: abiotic and biotic parameters associated with Anopheles farauti productivity
Creators: name: McLaughlin, Kimberley
name: Burkot, Thomas
name: Jance Oscar
name: Beebe, Nigel
name: Russell, Tanya
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. The definitions and classifications for environmental parameters of larval habitats.