cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Anisotropic exchange and non-collinear antiferromagnets on a noncentrosymmetric fcc structure as in the half-Heuslers
Creators: name: Diop, Seydou-Samba
name: Jackeli, George
name: Savary, Lucile
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the signatures of the face-centered cubic (fcc) antiferromagnet as a typical example of a geometrically frustrated system is the large ground state degeneracy of the classical nearest neighbor and next-nearest neighbor Heisenberg (isotropic) model on this lattice. In particular, collinear states are degenerate with non-collinear and non-coplanar ones: this degeneracy is accidental and is expected to be lifted by anisotropic exchange interactions. In this work, we derive the most general nearest and next-nearest neighbor exchange model allowed by the space-group symmetry of the noncentrosymmetric half-Heusler compounds, which includes three anisotropic terms: the so-called Kitaev, Gamma and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions -- most notably, the latter is allowed by the breaking of inversion symmetry in these materials and has not been previously been studied in the context of the fcc lattice. We compute the resulting phase diagram and show how the different terms lift the ground state degeneracy of the isotropic model, and lay emphasis on finding regimes where multi-q (non-collinear/non-coplanar) states are selected by anisotropy. We then discuss the role of quantum fluctuations and the coupling to a magnetic field in the ground state selection, and show that these effects can stabilize non-coplanar (triple-q) states. These results suggest that some half-Heusler antiferromagnets might host rare non-collinear/non-coplanar orders, which may in turn explain the unusual transport properties detected in these semimetals.
description: 20 pages, 10 figures, 4 tables
Heterogeneity in the inter-tumor transcriptome of high risk prostate cancer
Creators: name: Wyatt, Alexander
name: Mo, Fan
name: Wang, Kendric
name: McConeghy, Brian
name: Brahmbhatt, Sonal
name: Jong, Lina
name: Mitchell, Devon M.
name: Johnston, Rebecca L.
name: Haegert, Anne
name: Li, Estelle
name: Liew, Janet
name: Yeung, Jake
name: Shrestha, Raunak
name: Lapuk, Anna V.
name: McPherson, Andrew
name: Shukin, Robert
name: Bell, Robert H.
name: Anderson, Shawn
name: Bishop, Jennifer
name: Hurtado-Coll, Antonio
name: Xiao, Hong
name: Chinnaiyan, Arul M.
name: Mehra, Rohit
name: Lin, Dong
name: Wang, Yuzhuo, Ph.D.
name: Fazli, Ladan
name: Gleave, Martin E.
name: Volik, Stanislav V.
name: Collins, Colin C.
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2016

description: Background: Genomic analyses of hundreds of prostate tumors have defined a diverse landscape of mutations and genome rearrangements, but the transcriptomic effect of this complexity is less well understood, particularly at the individual tumor level. We selected a cohort of 25 high-risk prostate tumors, representing the lethal phenotype, and applied deep RNA-sequencing and matched whole genome sequencing, followed by detailed molecular characterization. Results: Ten tumors were exposed to neo-adjuvant hormone therapy and expressed marked evidence of therapy response in all except one extreme case, which demonstrated early resistance via apparent neuroendocrine transdifferentiation. We observe high inter-tumor heterogeneity, including unique sets of outlier transcripts in each tumor. Interestingly, outlier expression converged on druggable cellular pathways associated with cell cycle progression, translational control or immune regulation, suggesting distinct contemporary pathway affinity and a mechanism of tumor stratification. We characterize hundreds of novel fusion transcripts, including a high frequency of ETS fusions associated with complex genome rearrangements and the disruption of tumor suppressors. Remarkably, several tumors express unique but potentially-oncogenic non-ETS fusions, which may contribute to the phenotype of individual tumors, and have significance for disease progression. Finally, one ETS-negative tumor has a striking tandem duplication genotype which appears to be highly aggressive and present at low recurrence in ETS-negative prostate cancer, suggestive of a novel molecular subtype. Conclusions: The multitude of rare genomic and transcriptomic events detected in a high-risk tumor cohort offer novel opportunities for personalized oncology and their convergence on key pathways and functions has broad implications for precision medicine.
Quantum spins and hybridization in artificially-constructed chains of magnetic adatoms on a superconductor
Creators: name: Liebhaber, Eva
name: Rütten, Lisa M.
name: Reecht, Gaël
name: Steiner, Jacob F.
name: Rohlf, Sebastian
name: Rossnagel, Kai
name: von Oppen, Felix
name: Franke, Katharina J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic adatom chains on surfaces constitute fascinating quantum spin systems. Superconducting substrates suppress interactions with bulk electronic excitations but couple the adatom spins to a chain of subgap Yu-Shiba-Rusinov (YSR) quasiparticles. Using a scanning tunneling microscope, we investigate such correlated spin-fermion systems by constructing Fe chains adatom by adatom on superconducting NbSe$_2$. The adatoms couple entirely via the substrate, retaining their quantum spin nature. In dimers, we observe that the deepest YSR state undergoes a quantum phase transition due to Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida interactions, a distinct signature of quantum spins. Chains exhibit coherent hybridization and band formation of the YSR excitations, indicating ferromagnetic coupling. Longer chains develop separate domains due to coexisting charge-density-wave order of NbSe$_2$. Despite the spin-orbit-coupled substrate, we find no signatures of Majoranas, possibly because quantum spins reduce the parameter range for topological superconductivity. We suggest that adatom chains are versatile systems for investigating correlated-electron physics and its interplay with topological superconductivity.
Repositorien auswählen
Creators: name: Böker, Elisabeth
name: Schneider, Gabriel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Repositorien
Repositorium
Forschungsdaten
Forschungsdatenmanagement
Forschungsdaten veröffenlichen
re3data

description: Was ist ein Repositorium? Wie finde ich das richtige Repositorium? Und wie veröffentliche ich Daten in einem Repositorium? Diese Fragen werden in dieser Präsentation behandelt. Dr. Elisabeth Böker arbeitet am Kommunikations-, Informations-, Medienzentrum der Universität Konstanz im Team Open Science und ist Projektkoordinatorin der baden-württembergisches Landesinitiative bw2FDM. Zudem hat sie die Chefredaktion der Informationsplattform forschungsdaten.info inne. Gabriel Schneider arbeitet ebenfalls am Kommunikations-, Informations-, Medienzentrum der Universität Konstanz im Team Open Science.
Gene co-expression network analysis in Rhodobacter capsulatus and application to comparative expression analysis of Rhodobacter sphaeroides
Creators: name: Peña-Castillo, Lourdes
name: Mercer, Ryan G
name: Gurinovich, Anastasia
name: Callister, Stephen J
name: Wright, Aaron T
name: Westbye, Alexander B
name: Beatty, J T
name: Lang, Andrew S
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2016

description: Background: The genus Rhodobacter contains purple nonsulfur bacteria found mostly in freshwater environments. Representative strains of two Rhodobacter species, R. capsulatus and R. sphaeroides, have had their genomes fully sequenced and both have been the subject of transcriptional profiling studies. Gene co-expression networks can be used to identify modules of genes with similar expression profiles. Functional analysis of gene modules can then associate co-expressed genes with biological pathways, and network statistics can determine the degree of module preservation in related networks. In this paper, we constructed an R. capsulatus gene co-expression network, performed functional analysis of identified gene modules, and investigated preservation of these modules in R. capsulatus proteomics data and in R. sphaeroides transcriptomics data. Results: The analysis identified 40 gene co-expression modules in R. capsulatus. Investigation of the module gene contents and expression profiles revealed patterns that were validated based on previous studies supporting the biological relevance of these modules. We identified two R. capsulatus gene modules preserved in the protein abundance data. We also identified several gene modules preserved between both Rhodobacter species, which indicate that these cellular processes are conserved between the species and are candidates for functional information transfer between species. Many gene modules were non-preserved, providing insight into processes that differentiate the two species. In addition, using Local Network Similarity (LNS), a recently proposed metric for expression divergence, we assessed the expression conservation of between-species pairs of orthologs, and within-species gene-protein expression profiles. Conclusions: Our analyses provide new sources of information for functional annotation in R. capsulatus because uncharacterized genes in modules are now connected with groups of genes that constitute a joint functional annotation. We identified R. capsulatus modules enriched with genes for ribosomal proteins, porphyrin and bacteriochlorophyll anabolism, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites to be preserved in R. sphaeroides whereas modules related to RcGTA production and signalling showed lack of preservation in R. sphaeroides. In addition, we demonstrated that network statistics may also be applied within-species to identify congruence between mRNA expression and protein abundance data for which simple correlation measurements have previously had mixed results.
FMNet: Latent Feature-wise Mapping Network for Cleaning up Noisy Micro-Doppler Spectrogram
Creators: name: Tang, Chong
name: Li, Wenda
name: Vishwakarma, Shelly
name: Shi, Fangzhan
name: Julier, Simon
name: Chetty, Kevin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Micro-Doppler signatures contain considerable information about target dynamics. However, the radar sensing systems are easily affected by noisy surroundings, resulting in uninterpretable motion patterns on the micro-Doppler spectrogram. Meanwhile, radar returns often suffer from multipath, clutter and interference. These issues lead to difficulty in, for example motion feature extraction, activity classification using micro Doppler signatures ($μ$-DS), etc. In this paper, we propose a latent feature-wise mapping strategy, called Feature Mapping Network (FMNet), to transform measured spectrograms so that they more closely resemble the output from a simulation under the same conditions. Based on measured spectrogram and the matched simulated data, our framework contains three parts: an Encoder which is used to extract latent representations/features, a Decoder outputs reconstructed spectrogram according to the latent features, and a Discriminator minimizes the distance of latent features of measured and simulated data. We demonstrate the FMNet with six activities data and two experimental scenarios, and final results show strong enhanced patterns and can keep actual motion information to the greatest extent. On the other hand, we also propose a novel idea which trains a classifier with only simulated data and predicts new measured samples after cleaning them up with the FMNet. From final classification results, we can see significant improvements.
Advertising, public relations and social marketing: shaping behaviour towards sustainable consumption
Creators: name: Muratovski, Gjoko
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: As the world struggles to sustain mass consumption as a lifestyle of choice, the need for sustainable behaviour becomes increasingly evident. Even though there are already a number of technical and legislative solutions underway, we still need to work on changing our consumption habits. This calls for social marketing strategies that can lead to promotion and acceptance of sustainable behaviour on a global scale. The problem, however, is that social marketing for sustainability that dominates the media today is ineffective and even counterproductive. In this study, I will examine what drives consumerism, and argue that sustainable consumption could be promoted as an alternative lifestyle, based on the same strategies that have successfully established mass consumption as a way of life. Countering the claims made for traditional social marketing, I will suggest that appealing to people’s innermost desires in the same way commercial marketing does, is in fact a more effective means of behaviour change than the negative information campaigns that are prevalent today. This calls for a different type of social marketing—one based on positive appeals related to subjective wellbeing and self-fulfilment, and not on scare tactics and dull educational campaigns.
The hypersimplex canonical forms and the momentum amplituhedron-like logarithmic forms
Creators: name: Lukowski, Tomasz
name: Stalknecht, Jonah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we provide a formula for the canonical differential form of the hypersimplex $Δ_{k,n}$ for all $n$ and $k$. We also study the generalization of the momentum amplituhedron $\mathcal{M}_{n,k}$ to $m=2$, and we conclude that the existing definition does not possess the desired properties. Nevertheless, we find interesting momentum amplituhedron-like logarithmic differential forms in the $m=2$ version of the spinor helicity space, that have the same singularity structure as the hypersimplex canonical forms.
description: 18 pages, 2 figures
The Cosmic Ray Staircase: the Outcome of the Cosmic Ray Acoustic Instability
Creators: name: Tsung, Tsun Hin Navin
name: Oh, S. Peng
name: Jiang, Yan-Fei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, cosmic rays (CRs) have emerged as a leading candidate for driving galactic winds. Small-scale processes can dramatically affect global wind properties. We run two-moment simulations of CR streaming to study how sound waves are driven unstable by phase-shifted CR forces and CR heating. We verify linear theory growth rates. As the sound waves grow non-linear, they steepen into a quasi-periodic series of propagating shocks; the density jumps at shocks create CR bottlenecks. The depth of a propagating bottleneck depends on both the density jump and its velocity; ΔP_c is smaller for rapidly moving bottlenecks. A series of bottlenecks creates a CR staircase structure, which can be understood from a convex hull construction. The system reaches a steady state between growth of new perturbations, and stair mergers. CRs are decoupled at plateaus, but exert intense forces and heating at stair jumps. The absence of CR heating at plateaus leads to cooling, strong gas pressure gradients and further shocks. If bottlenecks are stationary, they can drastically modify global flows; if their propagation times are comparable to dynamical times, their effects on global momentum and energy transfer are modest. The CR acoustic instability is likely relevant in thermal interfaces between cold and hot gas, as well as galactic winds. Similar to increased opacity in radiative flows, the build-up of CR pressure due to bottlenecks can significantly increase mass outflow rates, by up to an order of magnitude. It seeds unusual forms of thermal instability, and the shocks could have distinct observational signatures.
description: 29 pages, 29 figures
Decoupling of non-strange, strange and multi-strange particles from the system in Cu-Cu, Au-Au and Pb-Pb collisions at high energies
Creators: name: Waqas, M.
name: Peng, G. X.
name: Wazir, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transverse momentum spectra of the non-strange, strange and multi-strange particles in central and peripheral Copper-Copper, Gold-Gold and Lead-Lead collisions are analyzed by the blast wave model with Boltzmann Gibbs statistics. The model results are approximately in agreement with the experimental data measured by BRAHMS, STAR, SPS, NA 49 and WA 97 Collaborations in special transverse momentum ranges. Bulk properties in terms of kinetic freeze out temperature, transverse flow velocity and freezeout volume are extracted from the transverse momentum spectra of the particles. Separate freeze out temperatures are observed for the non-strange, strange and multi-strange particles which maybe due to different reaction cross-sections of the interacting particles and it reveals the triple kinetic freezeout scenario in collisions at BRAHMS, STAR, SPS, NA 49 and WA 97 Collaborations, however the transverse flow velocity and freezeout volume are mass dependent and they decrease with the increasing the rest mass of the particles. Furthermore, the kinetic freezeout temperature, transverse flow velocity and kinetic freezeout volume in central nucleus-nucleus collisions are larger than those in peripheral collisions. Besides, the larger kinetic freezeout temperature and freezeout volume are observed in the most heaviest nuclei collisions, indicating their dependence on the size of interacting system
title: Epistemic and Deontic Modalities in Aminata Sow Fall's L'Ex-Pere de la Nation
Creators: name: Onyeoriri, Gloria Nne
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 1992

description: According to John Lyons' account of modality (the general principles of which we will outline in the first part of this essay), "the sincerity conditions that are asserted or questioned in the performance of indirect illocutionary acts all have to do with the knowledge, beliefs, will and abilities of the participants; and these ... are the factors which are involved in epistemic and deontic modality" (Lyons 1977, 786). For example, in English, as well as in French, thereare fixed idioms such as "Will you ..., "Can you ...," "Is it possible for you to ...," "I'd like you to ...," that accompany orders or wishes. This can be explained by the intuitive link between, on the one hand, notions of necessity and obligation that are relevant to the semantic analysis of sentences that contain the verbal auxiliary "should" and, on the other hand, notions of possibility and of permission relevant to the semantic analysis of sentences containing the auxiliary "may" (Lyons 1977,791). We can say, following Lyons (1977, 787), that the epistemic and deontic modalities are two forms of "traditional modal logic" (that is to say of necessity and possibility). When analyzing epistemic modality for example, we must remember the needs, the expectations and the hopes of the speaker as well as the process of deduction itself (see Lyons 1977, 792).
$B_c \to J/ψ$ helicity form factors and the $B_c^+ \to J/ψ+(P, V, \ell^+ ν_\ell)$ decays
Creators: name: Cheng, Wei
name: Zhang, Yi
name: Zeng, Long
name: Fu, Hai-Bing
name: Wu, Xing-Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we calculate the $B_c\to J/ψ$ helicity form factors (HFFs) up to twist-4 accuracy by using the light-cone sum rules (LCSR) approach. After extrapolating those HFFs to the physically allowable $q^2$ region, we investigate the $B^+_c$-meson two-body decays and semi-leptonic decays $B_c^+ \to J/ψ+(P, V, \ell^+ ν_\ell)$ with $P/V$ stands for light pseudoscalar/vector meson, respectively. The branching fractions can be derived by using the CKM matrix element and the $B_c$ lifetime from the Particle Data Group, and we obtain ${\cal B}(B_c^+ \to J/ψπ^+)=(0.136^{+0.002}_{-0.002})\%$, ${\cal B}(B_c^+ \to J/ψK^+)=(0.010^{+0.000}_{-0.000})\%$, ${\cal B}(B_c^+ \to J/ψρ^+) =(0.768^{+0.029}_{-0.033})\%$, ${\cal B}(B_c^+ \to J/ψK^{\ast +})=(0.043^{+0.001}_{-0.001})\%$, ${\cal B}(B_c^+ \to J/ψμ^+ν_μ)=(2.802^{+0.526}_{-0.675})\%$ and ${\cal B}(B_c^+ \to J/ψτ^+ν_τ)=(0.559^{+0.131}_{-0.170})\%$. We then obtain ${\cal R}_{π^+/μ^+ν_μ} = 0.048^{+ 0.009}_{-0.012}$ and ${\cal R}_{K^+ / π^+} = 0.075^{+0.005}_{-0.005}$, which agree with the LHCb measured value within $1σ$-error. We also obtain ${\cal R}_{J/ψ}=0.199^{+ 0.060}_{-0.077}$, which like other theoretical predictions, is consistent with the LHCb measured value within $2σ$-error. Those imply that the HFFs under the LCSR approach are also applicable to the $B^+_c$ meson two-body decays and semi-leptonic decays $B_c^+ \to J/ψ+(P, V, \ell^+ ν_\ell)$, and the HFFs obtained by using LCSR in a new way implies that there may be new physics in the $B_c\to J/ψ\ell^+ ν_\ell$ semi-leptonic decays.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, published version
Carnet nº 5, commencé à Nijneoudinsk (p. 29)
Creators: name: Péraire, Lucien
name: CNRS
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2023

description: created: 10-11-1929
A novel integration of online and flipped classroom instructional models in public health higher education
Creators: name: Galway, Lindsay P
name: Corbett, Kitty K
name: Takaro, Timothy K
name: Tairyan, Kate
name: Frank, Erica
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2015

description: Background: In 2013, a cohort of public health students participated in a ‘flipped’ Environmental and Occupational Health course. Content for the course was delivered through NextGenU.org and active learning activities were carried out during in-class time. This paper reports on the design, implementation, and evaluation of this novel approach. Methods Using mixed-methods, we examined learning experiences and perceptions of the flipped classroom model and assessed changes in students' self-perceived knowledge after participation in the course. We used pre- and post-course surveys to measure changes in self-perceived knowledge. The post-course survey also included items regarding learning experiences and perceptions of the flipped classroom model. We also compared standard course review and examination scores for the 2013 NextGenU/Flipped Classroom students to previous years when the course was taught with a lecture-based model. We conducted a focus group session to gain more in-depth understanding of student learning experiences and perceptions. Results Students reported an increase in knowledge and survey and focus group data revealed positive learning experiences and perceptions of the flipped classroom model. Mean examination scores for the 2013 NextGenU/Flipped classroom students were 88.8% compared to 86.4% for traditional students (2011). On a scale of 1–5 (1 = lowest rank, 5 = highest rank), the mean overall rating for the 2013 NextGenU/Flipped classroom students was 4.7/5 compared to prior years’ overall ratings of 3.7 (2012), 4.3 (2011), 4.1 (2010), and 3.9 (2009). Two key themes emerged from the focus group data: 1) factors influencing positive learning experience (e.g., interactions with students and instructor); and 2) changes in attitudes towards environmental and occupation health (e.g., deepened interest in the field). Conclusion Our results show that integration of the flipped classroom model with online NextGenU courses can be an effective innovation in public health higher education: students achieved similar examination scores, but NextGenU/Flipped classroom students rated their course experience more highly and reported positive learning experiences and an increase in self-perceived knowledge. These results are promising and suggest that this approach warrants further consideration and research.
title: Ethics Inc.: A Sociological Account of the Contemporary Market for Corporate Social Responsibility
Creators: name: Arena, Vanessa
Publisher: name: Goldsmiths, University of London
Year: 2011

description: In the contemporary corporate marketplace a novel ethical proposal is being formulated. This is manifest in the suggestion that it is desirable for companies to behave in a 'socially responsible' manner, or practice what is formally referred to as 'Corporate Social Responsibility' (CSR). Distinct from conjunctions of 'business' and 'ethics' that have gone before, contemporary CSR proceeds on the basis of a unique claim - that it is possible for a corporation to 'do well, by doing good'. Known as the 'business case' for CSR, this proposal is of special sociological significance, this thesis argues, insofar as it understands 'marketability' to be an inhering aspect of the 'ethical' itself. Drawing on contemporary developments in the field of social studies of science (STS) and, relatedly, 'newer' economic sociology, this thesis attends to the question of what, in-practice and as-practice, this newly described market-ethics may be said to 'do.' This focus on 'doing' distinguishes the present work from prior sociological and economic accounts of the relationship between markets and ethics, which have been noticeably constrained by both historically conferred disciplinary remits and by the tendency to peremptorily prescribe ethics within the narrow bounds of classical deontological or utilitarian moral theories. Methodologically, this inquiry proceeds by first observing the assembly of particular market spheres or market 'nexuses' of CSR practice, and secondly by investigating the ways in which the 'ethical' is variously enacted within these. Three interlinked but delineated 'nexuses' of CSR focus provide empirical substrate for discussion - the 'ethical corporation,' 'ethical consumer,' and 'ethical career.' Paying heed to the multiply-reflexive constitution of these differentially assembled markets, ensuing critical discussion finds the 'doing' of ethics therein to be largely constituent in contingently engaged affective and material practices. Against accounts then that de-cry the increasing 'marketisation' of ever more aspects of everyday life, ( often seeking to indiscriminately discern in all market practice a totalising neo-liberalism on the march), the present thesis embodies an alternative theoretical approach wherein what it is possible to do in a market context is not prescriptively decreed or pre-maturely proscribed. In line with this emphasis, questions regarding the possibility of ethics, and finally, of effective alternative politics in market contexts are reexamined as part of the process of critically rethinking what present sociological understandings admit to and exclude from the designation of 'market' itself.
Nonlinear optical effects on the atom-field interaction based on the nonlinear coherent states approach
Creators: name: Demneh, Mojgan Momeni
name: Mahdifar, Ali
name: Roknizadeh, Rasoul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, to study the effects of a nonlinear medium on the atom-field interaction, we use the nonlinear coherent states approach. For this purpose, we choose the two-mode cross-Kerr as the our nonlinear optical phenomena and with the use of it's algebra, we show that it can be described equivalently by a deformed oscillator algebra and also, by a deformed (su(2)) algebra. Then, we construct the associated coherent states and investigate their statistical properties. After that, as an example of applicability of the constructed two-mode nonlinear coherent states, we investigate the nonlinear effects of the medium on the dynamics of atom-field interaction within the framework of the coherent states. By using the time-dependent Schrödinger equation, we first obtain the atom-field state and then study the effect of the nonlinear medium on the occupation probabilities of the atomic levels. In the following, we consider the relation between the revival time of the atomic occupation probabilities and the nonlinear parameter of the medium. Then, to study the nonlinear effects on the dynamical properties of the cavity field, we consider photon distribution, correlation function, Mandel parameters of the field, the von Neumann entropy and the squeezing. Particularly, the nonlinearity of the media on the nonclassical properties of two modes is clarified.
description: 13 pages, 17 figures
Overview of Australian research into aluminium production
Creators: name: Brooks, Geoffrey
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: Australia has a strong tradition in primary Aluminium research, through activity at industrial laboratories and at CSIRO (the government industrial laboratories). In the case of Universities, most of the primary Aluminium research has historically been at University of New South Wales, where Professor Barry Welch and Professor Maria Skyllas-Kazacos have established an international reputation. In recent years, other Universities, who are strong in pyrometallurgical research, have become active in primary Aluminium research.
SHARP VIII: J0924+0219 lens mass distribution and time-delay prediction through adaptive-optics imaging
Creators: name: Chen, Geoff C. -F.
name: Fassnacht, Christopher D.
name: Suyu, Sherry H.
name: Koopmans, Léon V. E.
name: Lagattuta, David J.
name: McKean, John P.
name: Auger, Matt W.
name: Vegetti, Simona
name: Treu, Tommaso
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strongly lensed quasars can provide measurements of the Hubble constant ($H_{0}$) independent of any other methods. One of the key ingredients is exquisite high-resolution imaging data, such as Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging and adaptive-optics (AO) imaging from ground-based telescopes, which provide strong constraints on the mass distribution of the lensing galaxy. In this work, we expand on the previous analysis of three time-delay lenses with AO imaging (RXJ1131-1231, HE0435-1223, and PG1115+080), and perform a joint analysis of J0924+0219 by using AO imaging from the Keck Telescope, obtained as part of the SHARP (Strong lensing at High Angular Resolution Program) AO effort, with HST imaging to constrain the mass distribution of the lensing galaxy. Under the assumption of a flat $Λ$CDM model with fixed $Ω_{\rm m}=0.3$, we show that by marginalizing over two different kinds of mass models (power-law and composite models) and their transformed mass profiles via a mass-sheet transformation, we obtain $Δt_{\rm BA}h\hatσ_{v}^{-2}=6.89\substack{+0.8\\-0.7}$ days, $Δt_{\rm CA}h\hatσ_{v}^{-2}=10.7\substack{+1.6\\-1.2}$ days, and $Δt_{\rm DA}h\hatσ_{v}^{-2}=7.70\substack{+1.0\\-0.9}$ days, where $h=H_{0}/100~\rm km\,s^{-1}\,Mpc^{-1}$ is the dimensionless Hubble constant and $\hatσ_{v}=σ^{\rm ob}_{v}/(280~\rm km\,s^{-1})$ is the scaled dimensionless velocity dispersion. Future measurements of time delays with 10% uncertainty and velocity dispersion with 5% uncertainty would yield a $H_0$ constraint of $\sim15$% precision.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
Project Achoo: A Practical Model and Application for COVID-19 Detection from Recordings of Breath, Voice, and Cough
Creators: name: Ponomarchuk, Alexander
name: Burenko, Ilya
name: Malkin, Elian
name: Nazarov, Ivan
name: Kokh, Vladimir
name: Avetisian, Manvel
name: Zhukov, Leonid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The COVID-19 pandemic created a significant interest and demand for infection detection and monitoring solutions. In this paper we propose a machine learning method to quickly triage COVID-19 using recordings made on consumer devices. The approach combines signal processing methods with fine-tuned deep learning networks and provides methods for signal denoising, cough detection and classification. We have also developed and deployed a mobile application that uses symptoms checker together with voice, breath and cough signals to detect COVID-19 infection. The application showed robust performance on both open sourced datasets and on the noisy data collected during beta testing by the end users.
A Compendium of Ethical Issues in Generative AI
Creators: name: Romanowski, Alois
Publisher: name: University of Rochester
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 4602
subject: Artificial intelligence
classificationCode: 500103
subject: Ethical use of new technology
classificationCode: 46
subject: Information and computing sciences

description: The Collingridge Dilemma posits that the impact of a given technology will not be understood until long after it has become too difficult to change. If generative AI (GenAI) has not already reached this inflection point, it will soon. Tracking the ethical implications of GenAI is challenging to library stakeholders because of its rapid technological advancement and proliferation. This presentation will attempt to support librarians by providing a broad scan of ethical issues inherent in AI generated content, rather than focusing on one or two major issues. Topics discussed will include data and algorithmic bias, plagiarism, misinformation, censorship, environmental impact, equity, and more exotic issues like cyber-religion. Each ethical issue will include a description as well as documented examples. By exploring with this environmental scan, we can more accurately strategize and frame the library profession's stance towards GenAI. The presentation will conclude with a discussion on how to mitigate ethical concerns with GenAI, whether or not it has already passed the Collingridge inflection point. This will also include a brief best practices primer on how to ethically engage with AI technology despite low user agency.
Presented on June 11, 2024 at the 2024 Generative AI in Libraries (GAIL) Virtual Conference.
Binding of the Human 14-3-3 Isoforms to Distinct Sites in the Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2
Creators: name: Manschwetus, Jascha Tobias
name: Wallbott, Maximilian
name: Fachinger, Alexandra
name: Obergruber, Claudia
name: Pautz, Sabine
name: Bertinetti, Daniela
name: Schmidt, Sven H.
name: Herberg, Friedrich W.
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: LRRK2
subject: 14-3-3 proteins
subject: isoform specificity
subject: Parkinson’s disease
subject: phosphorylation
subject: 540
subject: 570
subject: 610
subject: Parkinson-Krankheit
subject: Protein-Serin-Threonin-Kinasen
subject: Phosphorylierung

description: Gefördert durch den Publikationsfonds der Universität Kassel
Optimal control of epidemic spreading in presence of social heterogeneity
Creators: name: Dimarco, G.
name: Toscani, G.
name: Zanella, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The spread of COVID-19 has been thwarted in most countries through non-pharmaceutical interventions. In particular, the most effective measures in this direction have been the stay-at-home and closure strategies of businesses and schools. However, population-wide lockdowns are far from being optimal carrying heavy economic consequences. Therefore, there is nowadays a strong interest in designing more efficient restrictions. In this work, starting from a recent kinetic-type model which takes into account the heterogeneity described by the social contact of individuals, we analyze the effects of introducing an optimal control strategy into the system, to limit selectively the mean number of contacts and reduce consequently the number of infected cases. Thanks to a data-driven approach, we show that this new mathematical model permits to assess the effects of the social limitations. Finally, using the model introduced here and starting from the available data, we show the effectivity of the proposed selective measures to dampen the epidemic trends.
Dynamical control of nuclear isomer depletion via electron vortex beams
Creators: name: Wu, Yuanbin
name: Gargiulo, Simone
name: Carbone, Fabrizio
name: Keitel, Christoph H.
name: Pálffy, Adriana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Long-lived excited states of atomic nuclei can act as energy traps. These states, known as nuclear isomers, can store a large amount of energy over long periods of time, with a very high energy-to-mass ratio. Under natural conditions, the trapped energy is only slowly released, limited by the long isomer lifetimes. Dynamical external control of nuclear state population has proven so far very challenging, despite ground-breaking incentives for a clean and efficient energy storage solution. Here, we describe a protocol to achieve the external control of the isomeric nuclear decay by using electrons whose wavefunction has been especially designed and reshaped on demand. Recombination of these electrons into the atomic shell around the isomer can lead to the controlled release of the stored nuclear energy. On the example of $^{93m}$Mo, we show that the use of tailored electron vortex beams increases the depletion by four orders of magnitude compared to the spontaneous nuclear decay of the isomer. Furthermore, specific orbitals can sustain an enhancement of the recombination cross section for vortex electron beams by as much as six orders of magnitude, providing a handle for manipulating the capture mechanism. These findings open new prospects for controlling the interplay between atomic and nuclear degrees of freedom, with potential energy-related and high-energy radiation sources applications.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures
Learning the temporal evolution of multivariate densities via normalizing flows
Creators: name: Lu, Yubin
name: Maulik, Romit
name: Gao, Ting
name: Dietrich, Felix
name: Kevrekidis, Ioannis G.
name: Duan, Jinqiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this work, we propose a method to learn multivariate probability distributions using sample path data from stochastic differential equations. Specifically, we consider temporally evolving probability distributions (e.g., those produced by integrating local or nonlocal Fokker-Planck equations). We analyze this evolution through machine learning assisted construction of a time-dependent mapping that takes a reference distribution (say, a Gaussian) to each and every instance of our evolving distribution. If the reference distribution is the initial condition of a Fokker-Planck equation, what we learn is the time-T map of the corresponding solution. Specifically, the learned map is a multivariate normalizing flow that deforms the support of the reference density to the support of each and every density snapshot in time. We demonstrate that this approach can approximate probability density function evolutions in time from observed sampled data for systems driven by both Brownian and Lévy noise. We present examples with two- and three-dimensional, uni- and multimodal distributions to validate the method.
Extending Precision Perturbative QCD with Track Functions
Creators: name: Li, Yibei
name: Moult, Ian
name: van Velzen, Solange Schrijnder
name: Waalewijn, Wouter J.
name: Zhu, Hua Xing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Collider experiments often exploit information about the quantum numbers of final state hadrons to maximize their sensitivity, with applications ranging from the use of tracking information (electric charge) for precision jet substructure measurements, to flavor tagging for nucleon structure studies. For such measurements, perturbative calculations in terms of quarks and gluons are insufficient, and non-perturbative track functions describing the energy fraction of a quark or gluon converted into a subset of hadrons (e.g., charged hadrons) must be incorporated. Unlike fragmentation functions, track functions describe correlations between hadrons and therefore satisfy complicated non-linear evolution equations whose structure has so far eluded calculation beyond the leading order. In this Letter, we develop an understanding of track functions and their interplay with energy flow observables beyond the leading order, allowing them to be used in state-of-the-art perturbative calculations for the first time. We identify a shift symmetry in the evolution of their moments that fixes their structure, and we explicitly compute the evolution of the first three moments at next-to-leading order, allowing for the description of up to three-point energy correlations. We then calculate the two-point energy correlator on charged particles at $O(α_s^2)$, illustrating explicitly that infrared singularities in perturbation theory are absorbed by moments of the track functions and also highlighting how these moments seamlessly interplay with modern techniques for perturbative calculations. Our results extend the boundaries of traditional perturbative QCD, enabling precision perturbative predictions for energy flow observables sensitive to the quantum numbers of hadronic states.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures + Supplemental Material
Early immune adaptation in HIV-1 revealed by population-level approaches
Creators: name: Martin, Eric
name: Carlson, Jonathan M.
name: Le, Anh Q.
name: Chopera, Denis R.
name: McGovern, Rachel
name: Rahman, Manal A.
name: Ng, Carmond
name: Jessen, Heiko
name: Kelleher, Anthony D.
name: Markowitz, Martin
name: Allen, Todd M.
name: Milloy, M-J
name: Carrington, Mary
name: Wainberg, Mark A.
name: Brumme, Zabrina L.
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2016

description: Background: The reproducible nature of HIV-1 escape from HLA-restricted CD8+ T-cell responses allows the identification of HLA-associated viral polymorphisms “at the population level” – that is, via analysis of cross-sectional, linked HLA/HIV-1 genotypes by statistical association. However, elucidating their timing of selection traditionally requires detailed longitudinal studies, which are challenging to undertake on a large scale. We investigate whether the extent and relative timecourse of immune-driven HIV adaptation can be inferred via comparative cross-sectional analysis of independent early and chronic infection cohorts. Results: Similarly-powered datasets of linked HLA/HIV-1 genotypes from individuals with early (median < 3 months) and chronic untreated HIV-1 subtype B infection, matched for size (N > 200/dataset), HLA class I and HIV-1 Gag/Pol/Nef diversity, were established. These datasets were first used to define a list of 162 known HLA-associated polymorphisms detectable at the population level in cohorts of the present size and host/viral genetic composition. Of these 162 known HLA-associated polymorphisms, 15% (occurring at 14 Gag, Pol and Nef codons) were already detectable via statistical association in the early infection dataset at p ≤ 0.01 (q < 0.2) – identifying them as the most consistently rapidly escaping sites in HIV-1. Among these were known rapidly-escaping sites (e.g. B*57-Gag-T242N) and others not previously appreciated to be reproducibly rapidly selected (e.g. A*31:01-associated adaptations at Gag codons 397, 401 and 403). Escape prevalence in early infection correlated strongly with first-year escape rates (Pearson’s R = 0.68, p = 0.0001), supporting cross-sectional parameters as reliable indicators of longitudinally-derived measures. Comparative analysis of early and chronic datasets revealed that, on average, the prevalence of HLA-associated polymorphisms more than doubles between these two infection stages in persons harboring the relevant HLA (p < 0.0001, consistent with frequent and reproducible escape), but remains relatively stable in persons lacking the HLA (p = 0.15, consistent with slow reversion). Published HLA-specific Hazard Ratios for progression to AIDS correlated positively with average escape prevalence in early infection (Pearson’s R = 0.53, p = 0.028), consistent with high early within-host HIV-1 adaptation (via rapid escape and/or frequent polymorphism transmission) as a correlate of progression. Conclusion: Cross-sectional host/viral genotype datasets represent an underutilized resource to identify reproducible early pathways of HIV-1 adaptation and identify correlates of protective immunity.
Crack and pull-off dynamics of adhesive, viscoelastic solids
Creators: name: Müser, Martin H.
name: Persson, Bo N. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When quickly detaching an elastomer from a counterface, viscoelasticity dramatically increases the perceived adhesion relative to its adiabatic or equilibrium value. Here, we report simulations on the sticking contact between a rigid cylinder and a viscoelastic half space revealing a maximum in the work of adhesion at intermediate pull-off velocities. Maximum tensile forces yet increase monotonically with the pull-off speed and the crack-tip speed in accordance with the Persson-Brener approach. As predicted theoretically, the fracture mode transitions from interfacial crack propagation to quasi-uniform bond breaking with increasing range of adhesion.
Perrot, Ernest, Arresta communia scacarii, Deux collections d'arrêts notables de l'Échiquier de Normandie de la fin du XIII siècle (1276-1290. 1291-1294), Caen, L. Jouan, 1910
Creators: name: Perrot, Ernest
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2019

description: Source: http://cujas-num.univ-paris1.fr/ark:/45829/pdf0607002519
description: Relation: vignette : https://www.nakala.fr/data/11280/f18f4a7e