Dissomphalus Ashmead 1893
Creators: name: Azevedo, Celso O.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Bethylidae
Dissomphalus

description: Key to Dissomphalus from Central America
1. Tergal process absent................................................................................... 2
- Tergal process present.................................................................................. 5
2. Mandible with four distal teeth; median clypeal lobe ill-defined................................................ 4
- Mandible with two or three distal teeth; median clypeal lobe trapezoidal.......................................... 3
3. Mandible with three distal teeth; anterior margin of pronotal disc ecarinate; posterior hypopygeal margin sinuous (Fig. 66); aedeagal ventral ramus shorter than aedeagal dorsal body, inner margin straight, apex crenulate slightly curved outward (Fig. 104)................................................................................. D. asfartus sp. nov.
- Mandible with two distal teeth; anterior margin of pronotal disc coarse; posterior hypopygeal margin weakly concave (Fig. 80); aedeagal ventral ramus higher than aedeagal dorsal body, inner margin excavated, apex simple and parallel (Fig. 170)........................................................................................ D. raziogus sp. nov.
4. Posterior hypopygeal margin sinuous (Fig. 65); paramere with dorsal margin straight; aedeagal dorsal body with apical margin acute (Fig. 101); aedeagal ventral ramus abruptly narrowing apicad (Fig.102)....................... D. azagus sp. nov.
- Posterior hypopygeal margin straight or nearly so (Fig. 67); paramere with dorsal margin sinuous; aedeagal dorsal body with apical margin rounded (Fig. 105); aedeagal ventral ramus progressively narrowing apicad (Fig. 106)...... D. iozus sp. nov.
5. Tergal process median................................................................................. 6
- Tergal process lateral or sublateral....................................................................... 22
6. Tergal process with circular depression, with densely tuft of setae, always without tubercle; aedeagal ventral ramus wide... 7
- Tergal process and aedeagal ventral ramus not as above...................................................... 10
7. Tergal process with depression very small and two small tufts of setae............................ D. altivolans Evans
- Tergal process with very large depression and large tufts of setae............................................... 8
8. Tergal process with pair of tuft of long setae posterad, fused; paramere as long as basiparamere......... D. unitus Azevedo
- Tergal process with pair of tuft of short setae, variable direction and distinctly separated; paramere much long than basi- paramere............................................................................................ 9
9. Median clypeal lobe ill-defined (Fig. 1) with high keel, median carina very high in profile; gena with spine (Fig. 2); dorsal margin of paramere sinuous (Fig. 99); aedeagal ventral ramus bifid (Fig. 100)........................ D. isteus sp. nov.
- Median clypeal lobe tridentate, without such keel, median carina not as above; gena without spine; dorsal margin of paramere straight; aedeagal ventral ramus simple (Figs 97, 98)...................................... D. subdeformis Azevedo
10. Tergal process with median depression, transverse, elliptical with pair of tubercles directed each other................. 11
- Tergal process not as above............................................................................. 12
11. Aedeagal dorsal ramus shorter than aedeagal dorsal body with subapical dilation (Fig. 196)........... D. dilatatus Azevedo
- Aedeagal dorsal ramus nearly as long as aedeagal dorsal body, margin smooth (Fig. 199)............... D. vallensis Evans
12. Depression of tergal process extremely shallow, much wider than long, occupying nearly two median thirds of tergite width..................................................................................................... 13
- Depression of tergal process not as above.................................................................. 14
13. Depression of tergal process very shallow, nearly imperceptible; aedeagal dorsal body bidentate, base of ventral margin with small tooth; aedeagal ventral ramus long with projection narrow and flat apical upward............ D. rasissimus Azevedo
- Depression of tergal process not so shallow; aedeagal dorsal body simple and apex of ventral margin serrated (Figs 171, 173); aedeagal ventral ramus short, wide with two conspicuous and laminar rami, ventral and apical margins serrated (Fig. 172)...................................................................................... D. bilobatus Azevedo
14. Tergal process with depression deep, wide and subtriangular, with base directed forward, lateral pit very large much arched inward medially, with many long setae mesad........................................... D. curvifoveatus Azevedo
- Tergal process with depression not as above............................................................... 15
15. Aedeagal ventral ramus with apical portion as wide as median portion, basal portion of outer margin straight.................................................................................................... D. apertus Kieffer
- Aedeagal ventral ramus with apex much narrower than median, basal portion of outer margin excavated or projected..... 16
16. Aedeagal ventral ramus with basal portion of outer margin projected, apex parallel or nearly so (Fig. 220).. D. trisus sp. nov.
- Aedeagal ventral ramus with basal portion of outer margin excavated, apex much arched outward..................... 17
17. Pronotal disc with anterior margin coarse.................................................................. 18
- Pronotal disc with anterior margin carinate................................................................ 18
18. Tergal process with shallow depression and small tubercle (Fig. 37); apex of apical lobes of aedeagal dorsal body acute (125); apex of aedeagal ventral ramus toothed (Fig. 126).............................................. D. asitius sp. nov.
- Tergal process with deep depression, without tubercle (Fig. 39); apex of apical lobes of dorsal body rounded (Fig. 129); apex of aedeagal ventral ramus smooth (Fig. 130).................................................. D. tisinus sp. nov.
19. Tergal process with shallow and subcircular depression, with very small tubercle or without tubercle; apical portion of aedea- gal ventral ramus divergent and long..................................................................... 20
- Tergal process with deep and large depression; apical portion divergent of aedeagal ventral ramus very short............ 21
20. Tergal process with tubercle (Fig. 38); posterior hypopygeal margin weakly concave (Fig. 69); outer lobe of aedeagal dorsal body long (Fig. 127); basal inner margin of aedeagal ventral ramus straight (Fig. 128)................. D. ibocius sp. nov.
- Tergal process without tubercle (Fig. 55); posterior hypopygeal margin straight (Fig. 86); outer lobe of aedeagal dorsal body very long (Fig. 188); basal inner margin of aedeagal ventral ramus sinuous (Fig. 189)................. D. terbius sp. nov.
21. Mandible with three distal teeth; posterior hypopygeal margin straight; apex of paramere with four projections............................................................................................... D. angulatus Azevedo
- Mandible with two distal teeth; posterior hypopygeal margin convex; apex of paramere with one projection;.................................................................................................. D. bifoveatus Kieffer
22. Tergal process sublateral, usually with dense tuft of setae posterad, tubercle absent................................. 23
- Tergal process lateral, with tuft of setae not as above, tubercle usually present..................................... 31
23. Mandible with three distal teeth; apical lobes of aedeagal dorsal body with crown-like structure, aedeagal ventral ramus thick................................................................................................... 24
- Mandible with two teeth; apical lobes of aedeagal dorsal body not as above, aedeagal ventral ramus slender.................................................................................................. D. punctatus (Kieffer)
24. Pronotal disc with anterior margin carinate............................................................... 25
- Pronotal disc ecarinate................................................................................ 30
25. Posterior hypopygeal margin straight..................................................................... 26
- Posterior hypopygeal margin convex..................................................................... 29
26. Aedeagal dorsal body with crown-process long or very long................................................... 27
- Aedeagal dorsal body with crown-process small............................................................ 28
27. Median clypeal lobe trapezoidal; crown-process with apex dorsad; aedeagal ventral ramus entirely wide with acute apex................................................................................. D. sinatus Alencar & Azevedo
- Median clypeal lobe subtrapezoidal (Fig. 16); crown-process with apex laterad (Fig. 157); aedeagal ventral ramus with median half wide narrowing apicad (Fig. 158)....................................................... D. afestus sp.nov.
28. Median clypeal carina strongly developed in profile; aedeagal ventral ramus with apical portion with strongly concavity, apex rounded and wide............................................................ D. galeatus Alencar & Azevedo
- Median clypeal carina not developed in profile; aedeagal ventral ramus with apical portion without concavity, apex acute and narrow................................................................... D. declinatus Alencar & Azevedo
29. Apical lobes of aedeagal dorsal body long; base of paramere developed; cuspis with apex acute; aedeagal ventral ramus short than aedeagal dorsal body...................................................... D. ramosus Alencar & Azevedo
- Apical lobes of aedeagal dorsal body short; base of paramere not as above; cuspis with rounded apex; aedeagal ventral ramus much shorter than dorsal aedeagal dorsal body.................................... D. corontaus Alencar & Azevedo
30. Paramere longer than basiparamere; apical lobes of aedeagal dorsal body very long; inner margin of aedeagal ventral ramus serrated with apex straight dorsad............................................... D. culteratus Alencar & Azevedo
- Paramere as long as basiparamere; apical lobes of aedeagal dorsal body regular sized; aedeagal ventral ramus smooth with apex folded laterad............................................................ D. pronus Alencar & Azevedo
31. Tergal processes with pair conspicuous tubercles with high rim or nearly so and tuft of dense setae.................... 32
- Tergal processes with pair of small tubercles or even absent, never as main modification of processes.................. 39
32. Mandible with three distal teeth; median clypeal lobe ill-defined, with one angulate very large tooth (Fig. 12); basiparamere narrower than paramere (Fig. 140)......................................................... D. ibrastus sp. nov.
- Mandible with two distal teeth; median clypeal lobe trapezoidal, with tooth no so large; basiparamere as narrow as paramere or much wide.......................................................................................... 33
33. Basiparamere very wide basally (Fig. 145); aedeagal ventral ramus much higher than aedeagal dorsal body (Fig. 146)............................................................................................. D. teraus sp. nov.
- Basiparamere entirely narrow; aedeagal ventral ramus as long as or shorter than aedeagal dorsal body.................. 33
34. Paramere much long than basiparamere; apex of aedeagal dorsal body translucent................................. 35
- Paramere as long as basiparamere; apex of aedeagal dorsal body not translucent................................... 36
35. Tergal process with very shallow depression; aedeagal ventral ramus with median portion as wide as basal region, apical por- tion with inner margin serrated (Fig. 132)................................................. D. cervoides Azevedo
- Tergal process without depression (Fig. 42); aedeagal ventral ramus with median portion wider than basal region, apical por- tion with inner margin smooth (Fig. 139)....................................................... D. ettus sp. nov.
36. Aedeagal dorsal body narrowing abruptly apicad............................................................ 37
- Aedeagal dorsal body narrowing slightly apicad............................................................ 38
37. Tergal process with small depression (Fig. 46); inner margin of aedeagal ventral ramus smooth, apex rounded (Fig. 155)........................................................................................... D. urazius sp. nov.
- Tergal process with large depression (Fig. 44); inner margin of aedeagal ventral ramus serrated, apex truncate with rounded projection (Fig. 143).................................................................... D. racarus sp. nov.
38. Tergal process with shallow and small depression (Fig. 40); apex of aedeagal ventral ramus truncate and wide, inner margin strongly sinuous and smooth (Fig. 134).................................................... D. ardonius sp. nov.
- Tergal process with deep and large depression (Fig. 41); apex aedeagal ventral ramus rounded and narrow, inner margin slightly sinuous and crenulate (Fig. 137)..................................................... D. arteus sp. nov.
39. Tergal process composed of tubercle with wide fovea and thick setae on border of each depression.................... 40
- Tergal process not as above............................................................................. 45
40. Mandible with four distal teeth.......................................................................... 41
- Mandible with two distal teeth.......................................................................... 42
41. Median clypeal lobe ill-defined (Fig. 20); apical lobes of aedeagal dorsal body very short (180); aedeagal ventral ramus simple (Fig.181)............................................................................. D. aretisus sp. nov.
- Median clypeal lobe tridentate; apical lobes of aedeagal dorsal body regular sized; aedeagal ventral ramus with three long and conspicuous apical horns................................................................... D. politus Kieffer
42. Median clypeal carina very high in profile (Fig. 21); anterior margin of pronotal disc carinate; aedeagal ventral ramus with slender and long ventral projection (Fig. 183)................................................... D. citus sp. nov.
- Median clypeal carina low in profile; anterior margin of pronotal disc ecarinate or coarse; aedeagal ventral ramus without slen- der and long ventral projection.......................................................................... 43
43. Tergal process with dense tuft of setae on tubercle; posterior hypopygeal margin straight; dorsal body entirely wide or nearly so; aedeagal ventral ramus with not translucent apex......................................................... 44
- Tergal process with short and sparse tuft of setae on tubercle (Fig. 50); posterior hypopygeal margin concave (Fig. 81); aedea- gal dorsal body entirely narrow (Fig. 178); aedeagal ventral ramus with translucent apex (Fig. 179)........ D. areius sp. nov.
44. Tergal process with high tubercle and small pit (Fig. 53); aedeagal dorsal body with slightly constriction near apical lobe (Fig. 184); apex of aedeagal ventral ramus toothed (Fig.185).......................................... D. sartus sp. nov.
- Tergal process with low tubercle and large pit (Fig. 54); aedeagal dorsal body with abruptly constriction near apical lobe (Fig. 186); apex of aedeagal ventral ramus smooth (Fig. 187)......................................... D. teobus sp. nov.
45. Metasoma with pair of lateral and anterior depressions large, usually more than half of median length of tergite II........ 46
- Metasoma with pair of lateral depressions not bigger than half lenght of tergite II.................................. 55
46. Inner margin of basivolsella toothed...................................................................... 47
- Inner margin of basivolsella not toothed................................................................... 48
47. Basivolsella with tooth in apical portion; base of digitus produced; apex of aedeagal ventral ramus bidentate (Fig. 108); apex of outer pair of apical lobes of aedeagal dorsal body acute (Figs 107, 109)......................... D. geniculatus Azevedo
- Basivolsella with tooth in medial portion; base of digitus not produced; apex of aedeagal ventral ramus smooth; apex of outer pair of apical lobes of aedeagal dorsal body truncate........................................... D. octavus Azevedo
48. Apex of aedeagal ventral ramus with two teeth, resembling fish tale in lateral view (Fig. 117)....... D. piscicercus Azevedo
- Apex of aedeagal ventral ramus with rounded or acute apex not as above......................................... 49
49. Apex of aedeagal ventral ramus rounded.................................................................. 50
- Apex of aedeagal ventral ramus angulate or subangulate...................................................... 51
50. Aedeagal ventral ramus longer than aedeagal dorsal body, outer margin expanded on median portion; aedeagal dorsal body with four pairs of apical lobes........................................................ D. pedipalpoides Azevedo
- Aedeagal ventral ramus much longer than aedeagal dorsal body, outer margin excavated on median portion; aedeagal dorsal body with three pairs of apical lobes......................................................... D. trogon Azevedo
51. Aedeagal ventral ramus with inner margin of apex bifurcated.................................................. 52
- Aedeagal ventral ramus with inner margin of apex not bifurcated............................................... 53
52. Posterior hypopygeal margin concave, corners angulate; aedeagal ventral ramus longer than aedeagal dorsal body (Fig. 121); aedeagal dorsal body with three pairs of apical lobes, apex as wide as median and basal portion (Fig. 119).................................................................................................... D. strepsus Azevedo
- Posterior hypopygeal margin straight, corners rounded; aedeagal ventral ramus shorter than aedeagal dorsal body (Fig. 114); aedeagal dorsal body with two pairs apical lobes, apex narrower than median and basal portion (Fig. 113).. D. latus Azevedo
53. Posterior hypopygeal margin straight, with corners subangulate; aedeagal ventral ramus as long as aedeagal dorsal body or nearly so, apex straight................................................................................ 54
- Posterior hypopygeal margin concave with corners rounded; aedeagal ventral ramus shorter than aedeagal dorsal body, apex divergent (Fig. 112)................................................................ D. intradentatus Azevedo
54. Inner margin of paramere without pegs; apical lobes of aedeagal dorsal body elliptical; apex of aedeagal ventral ramus suban- gulate................................................................................ D. gladius Azevedo
- Inner margin of paramere with four pegs; apical lobes of aedeagal dorsal body diamond-shaped; apex of aedeagal ventral ramus abruptly acute................................................................ D. alticarinatus Azevedo
55. Aedeagal ventral ramus tubular; aedeagal dorsal body with pair of basal process tridentate........... D. brasiliensis Kieffer
- Aedeagal ventral ramus laminar; aedeagal dorsal body not as above............................................. 56
56. Tergal process with tuft of setae with distinct long lateral setae................................................. 57
- Tergal process not as above............................................................................. 58
57. Median clypeal lobe with three small teeth; apical lobes of aedeagal dorsal body long and narrow, narrowing slightly apicad......................................................................................... D. gilvipes Evans
- Median clypeal lobe with one angulate tooth (Fig. 17); apical lobes of aedeagal dorsal body short and wide but narrowing abruptly apicad (Fig. 165)................................................................ D. arbeius sp. nov.
58. Tergal process with pair of lateral drop-shaped pits, with elevated rim, sharp anteriorly and rounded posteriorly.................................................................................................. D. guttus Azevedo
- Metasomal tergite not as above.......................................................................... 59
59. Tergal processes with pair inclined and linear depression..................................................... 60
- Tergal processes not as above........................................................................... 61
60. Aedeagal ventral ramus much shorter than aedeagal dorsal body, apical half evenly arched, apex sharp..... D. infissus Evans
- Aedeagal ventral ramus as long as aedeagal dorsal body, apical half sinuous, apex narrow but rounded (Fig. 175)............................................................................................... D. rufipalpis Kieffer
61. Tergal process with tubercle............................................................................ 62
- Tergal process without tubercle.......................................................................... 69
62 Apical lobes of aedeagal dorsal body mask-shaped (Figs 202, 204–206)............. D. personatus Redighieri & Azevedo
- Apical lobes of aedeagal dorsal body without mask-shaped.................................................... 63
63. Mandible with two distal teeth.......................................................................... 64
- Mandible with four distal teeth.......................................................................... 66
64. Hypopygeal margin straight or nearly so; paramere wide; aedeagal dorsal body triangular-shaped..................... 65
- Hypopygeal margin concave; paramere very wide; aedeagal dorsal body bottle-shaped......... D. pilus Alencar & Azevedo
65. Tergal process with deep depression (Fig. 61); apical margin of paramere truncate (Fig. 217); aedeagal ventral ramus as long as dorsal body, long, simple, curved outward (Fig. 218)............................................ D. isortus sp. nov.
- Tergal process with shallow depression; apical margin of paramere convex; aedeagal ventral ramus shorter than aedeagal dor- sal body, wide, with apical margin inclined and straight, inner corner sharpened..................... D. strabus Azevedo
66. Median clypeal tooth angulate and very short (Fig. 29); tubercle of tergal process without pit on top (Fig. 60); apical lobes of aedeagal dorsal body connected to median portion of aedeagal body by four narrow projections (Fig. 215)...................................................................................................... D. ilarius sp. nov.
- Median clypeal tooth regular sized; tubercle of tergal process with pit on top; apical lobes of aedeagal dorsal body not con- nected to median portion of aedeagal dorsal body as above.................................................... 67
67. Median clypeal carina angled in profile; basal margin of dorsal margin of paramere very projected (Fig. 213); aedeagal ventral ramus with apical portion divergent (Fig. 214)................................................ D. geortus sp. nov.
- Median clypeal carina straight in profile; basal margin of dorsal margin of paramere not as above; aedeagal ventral ramus with apical portion parallel................................................................................. 68
68. Posterior hypopygeal margin slightly convex; apical portion of dorsal margin of paramere not excavated; apical lobes of aedea- gal dorsal body long................................................................... D. plaummani Evans
- Posterior hypopygeal margin sinuous (Fig. 89); apical portion of dorsal margin of paramere very excavated (Fig. 211); apical lobes of aedeagal dorsal body very short (Fig. 212).............................................. D. borus sp. nov.
69. Tergal process with deeply excavated depression covered by membrane (Fig. 63); posterior hypopygeal margin strongly con- cave (Fig. 94); dorsal margin of paramere very excavated (Fig. 221).............................. D. ubracus sp. nov.
- Tergal process not as above; posterior hypopygeal margin straight or slightly concave; dorsal margin of paramere not very excavated........................................................................................... 70
70. Depression of tergal processes large and somewhat triangular; aedeagal ventral ramus laminar with apical wing-like expansion (Fig. 201)........................................................................... D. rettenmeyeri Evans
- Tergal process without depression or with circular or subcircular depression, aedeagal ventral ramus not as above........ 71
71. Basipamere about 2.0 times as long as size of paramere (Fig. 209); aedeagal dorsal body entirely narrow; aedeagal ventral ramus entirely very narrow (Fig. 210)..................................................... D. arteobius sp. nov.
- Basipamere as long as paramere or nearly so, aedeagal dorsal body entirely wide; aedeagal ventral ramus wide, at least on basal or/and medial portion............................................................................. 72
72. Apical lobes of aedeagal dorsal body very short; aedeagal ventral ramus with inner margin concave at apical half with long median filament..................................................................... D. xanthopus Ashmead
- Apical lobes of aedeagal dorsal body long (Fig. 207); aedeagal ventral ramus with inner margin straight without apical fila- ment (Fig. 208)......................................................................... D. abarus sp. nov.
description: Published as part of Azevedo, Celso O., 2017, Review of Dissomphalus Ashmead (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) from Panama, with key to the Central American species, pp. 1-72 in Zootaxa 4335 (1) on pages 7-10, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4335.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1010014