cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Efficient optimization algorithms for large tensor processing and applications
title: Αποδοτικοί αλγόριθμοι βελτιστοποίησης για επεξεργασία μεγάλων τανυστών και εφαρμογές
Creators: name: Παπαγιαννακος Ιωαννης-Μαριος
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2022

description: We consider the problem of nonnegative tensor completion. We adopt the alternating optimization framework and solve each nonnegative matrix least-squares with missing elements problem via a stochastic variation of the accelerated gradient algorithm, where we propose and experimentally test the efficiency of various step-sizes. We develop a parallel shared-memory implementation of our algorithm using the multi-threaded API OpenMP, which attains significant speedup. We test the effectiveness and the performance of our algorithm using both real-world and synthetic data. We focus on real-world applications that can be interpreted as nonnegative tensor completion problems. We believe that our approach is a very competitive candidate for the solution of very large nonnegative tensor completion problems.
description: Μελετάμε το πρόβλημα του nonnegative tensor completion. Υιοθετούμε τη μέθοδο alternating optimization και λύνουμε κάθε nonnegative matrix least-squares with missing elements πρόβλημα μέσω στοχαστικής παραλλαγής του accelerated gradient αλγορίθμου, προτείνοντας διάφορα βήματα τα οποία και δοκιμάζουμε πειραματικά. Αναπτύσσουμε μια παράλληλη shared-memory υλοποίηση του αλγορίθμου μας, κάνοντας χρήση του OpenMP API για πολυνηματικό παραλληλισμό, η οποία επιτυγχάνει αρκετά σημαντικό speedup. Ελέγχουμε τον αλγόριθμο μας ως προς την αποτελεσματικότητα και την απόδοση του, χρησιμοποιώντας συνθετικά και πραγματικά δεδομένα. Επικεντρωνόμαστε σε εφαρμογές που μπορούν να αναπαρασταθούν ως προβλήματα  nonnegative tensor completion. Θεωρούμε ότι η μέθοδος μας αποτελεί μια αρκετά ανταγωνιστική εναλλακτική για τη λύση μεγάλων  nonnegative tensor completion προβλημάτων.
Ecological and contamination assessment of soil in the region of coal-fired thermal power plant
Creators: name: Ateş, Özgür
name: Taşpınar, Kadriye
name: Yalçın, Gülser
name: Kızılaslan, Fatih
name: Pınar, Melis Özge
name: Toprak, Serdar
name: Alveroğlu, Volkan
name: Yavuz, Ramazan
name: Özen, Didem
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Hematology
subject: Virology

description: This study was carried out to determine the heavy metal pollution and possible sources of agricultural soils in Tavşanlı district, Which energy power plant is located. Total 83 soil samples were taken and 8 (Cu, Cr, Pb, Co, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn) heavy metals were analyzed in soil samples The mean concentration of heavy metals were determined as Cu (32.89 mg kg−1), Cr (285.69 mg kg−1), Co (36.37 mg kg−1), Mn (860.20 mg kg−1), Ni (457.59 mg kg−1), Pb (22.14 mg kg−1), Fe (30,250 mg kg−1) and Zn (65.05 mg kg−1), were determined. The mean concentrations of Cu, Cr Co, Mn and Ni found to be higher than both the upper continental crust values and the European soil mean values. Contamination factor Co (2.1), Cr (3.10) and Ni (9.73), enrichment factor Co (2.73), Cr (3.75) and Ni (11.42) and geoaccumulation index Co (0.18), Cr (0.50) and Ni (1.98) values showed that the soils were polluted by Co, Cr, and Ni. In addition, it was determined that Ni (48.65) poses a “moderate ecological risk” in the study area. Pearson correlation anaysis and principal component analysis determined that Cr, Co and Ni have both lithogenic and anthropogenic origin.
How teens can build remote social connection through an emotionally supportive robot swarm
Creators: name: Reid, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Social connection plays an important role in early adolescent development, yet teenagers are increasingly turning to remote communication technologies like social media in order to fulfill their social needs. Unfortunately, these technologies are often missing several important elements of in-person interaction, such as non-verbal emotional cues and affective social touch. To address these shortcomings, this thesis explores the interaction design for ESSbots, one implementation of a proposed new kind of social medium that focuses on the shareable, expressive behaviours of an "emotionally supportive swarm” of small mobile robots. We grounded our initial design framework in the cognitive science theories of participatory sensemaking, embodied, embedded, enactive cognition, and actor network theory, and explored how the swarm robot properties of tangible embodiment, multiplicity and coordination, and animacy, agency, identification, and roleplay support remote group communication and connection through a series of iterative participatory design workshops. Based on participant feedback, we developed an interaction prototype and interface to support accessible swarm robot behaviour authoring and remote sharing between friends via atomic behaviours, i.e., basic actions that can be combined and modified to create complex, expressive behaviours with one or several robots. Our workshop findings revealed that teenagers wanted to use the swarm to communicate in creative and playful ways, share expressive emotions, and reflect their own personalities through the robots as proxies. They viewed the embodied aspect of ESSbots as a unique and important element of remote communication, and felt that mediated touch in particular would help them feel closer to their friends. We also found that our design was generalizable to both a new and returning group of participants. It was consistently easy to use and engaging, although participants felt the clarity of remote communication works best with friend groups who already know each other well. Finally, we highlight important design recommendations for ESSbots. Most notably, participants wanted a high level of autonomy over their own robots, including mechanisms to support consent when others use the swarm, as well as a mix of possible control methods including visual scripting, pre-made buttons, and direct manipulation to support expressive affect sharing and playful interaction.
Photographers and Collective Licensing: A Short History with No Ending
Creators: name: Mopsik, Eugene
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2011

description: In the early 1990s, the American Society of Media Photographers (“ASMP”) explored the possibility of a collective licensing solution to help manage the myriad uses of photography that were being created by a new means of digital distribution: the Internet. The entity was called the Media Photographers Copyright Agency (“MPCA”). Photographers were not ready for it, stock agencies were afraid of it and funding was scarce. It failed. No article PDF is available.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 34 No. 4 (2011)
Spin and orbital Hall effects for diffracting optical beams in gradient-index media
Creators: name: Bliokh, K. Y.
name: Desyatnikov, A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the evolution of paraxial beams carrying intrinsic spin and orbital angular momenta (AM) in gradient-index media. A parabolic-type equation is derived which describes the beam diffraction in curvilinear coordinates accompanying the central ray. The center of gravity of the beam experiences transverse AM-dependent deflections -- the spin and orbital Hall effects. The spin Hall effect generates a transverse translation of the beam as a whole, in precise agreement with recent geometrical optics predictions. At the same time, the orbital Hall effect is significantly affected by the diffraction in the inhomogeneous medium and is accompanied by changes in the intrinsic orbital AM and deformations of the beam.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. A
The Practical Difficulties of Implementing Collective Management Schemes
Creators: name: Armstrong, Tracey L.
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2011

description: Copyright Clearance Center (“CCC”) has been actively engaged in a variety of collective licensing models in the text publishing industry since it opened its doors on the effective date of the Copyright Act of 1976. The practical difficulties of collective licensing and collective management are legion; CCC has experience with many of them and has managed to avoid many others. This Paper is intended to address only a few in order to provide some context for today’s conference. No article PDF is available.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 34 No. 4 (2011)
title: Cobb and Son, Bankers of Margate c.1785 to c.1840
Creators: name: Lampard, K. J
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 1986

description: The aim of this thesis is to give an account of the development of the Margate Bank of Cobb & Son in the years up to 1840, setting it within the context of the Cobb family's other business interests, and national and local economic developments. Wherever possible, the practices and experiences of the Margate Bank have been compared with those of other banks. Chapter 1 commences with general introductory material, describing, in general terms, the economic development of Margate and the Isle of Thanet during the period, and setting out basic biographical details of the Cobb family. It continues by showing how the bank emerged from the Cobbs other activities, and attempts to analyse the position of the Margate Bank in relation to the Margate Brewery and Cobb & Son's shipping agency. Chapter 2 outlines changes in the level of the note issue, interest bearing deposits and deposits without interest, and seeks to analyse the reasons for the decline of the note issue and deposits with interest in the years following the Napoleonic Wars, and the growth of deposits without interest. The second part of this chapter gives an occupational breakdown of the Margate Bank's depositors, supplemented by material relating to banks at Ramsgate and Deal. The third part of the chapter examines the impact of economic fluctuations on the Margate Bank and seeks to explain its changes in fortune. The following three chapters deal with Cobbs and the London money market Chapter 3 begins with a digression and looks at the growth of Cobbs' London agent, Sir James Esdaile & Co., and looks at the reasons for its collapse in 1837, and rescue by the Bank of England and leading London bankers. The rest of the chapter analyses the role of the London agent as a channel of remittance, a reserve, a source of advice and control, and as an outlet for investments. Chapters 4 and 5 look at Cobb & Son's links with the London discount market and the stock exchange respectively, and seek to explain why bills of exchange were such a popular investment among bankers, and why some bankers saw Government securities as speculative and only suitable for short-term investments. Chapters 6 to 9 explore Cobb & Son's advances and discounts in the country. Chapter 6 is a general introduction, looking at the different securities for advances, the length of loans, and the occupations of borrowers. It continues by looking at some important examples of local borrowers before three principal groups of borrowers, agriculturalists, millers and agricultural middlemen, and those in the transport sector, are examined in more detail in the following three chapters.
Bacterial indoor air contaminations in hospitals in MENA region: a systematic review
Creators: name: Abu-Rub, Lubna I.
name: Johar, Al-Reem A.
name: Al Mana, Hassan
name: Abdelrahman, Hana A.
name: Althani, Asmaa A.
name: Qotba, Hamda
name: Yassine, Hadi M.
name: Eltai, Nahla O.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Poor indoor air quality in healthcare settings has been tied with the increase in hospital-acquired infections. Thus, this systematic review was conducted to assess the levels and compositions of bacteria in indoor hospital air in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. We examined results provided by different search engines published between 2000 and 2021. Our data showed that most studies were conducted in Iran (80.9%) with a bacterial concentration mean of 172.9 CFU/m3. Comparing sensitive and non-sensitive areas of hospitals, no significant difference was detected in the mean bacterial concentration. The most investigated sensitive hospital areas were operating rooms and intensive care units with mean indoor bacterial concentrations of 180.3 CFU/m3 and 204.6 CFU/m3, respectively. Staphylococcaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, and Bacillaceae were commonly identified bacterial families. In conclusion, the mean concentrations of the airborne bacteria were within the acceptable limit compared to WHO standards (300 CFU/m3) for the air in areas occupied by immunosuppressed people.
A Performing Rights Organization Perspective: The Challenges of Enforcement in the Digital Environment
Creators: name: McGivern, Joan M.
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2011

description: This Article focuses on some of the practical challenges that the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (“ASCAP”) faces in its day to day business efforts to license the public performing right in copyrighted musical works in the digital age under its antitrust consent decree. In looking to the practical, this Article affirmatively does not delve into the development and use of the United States’ antitrust laws in setting fees for the public performance of the music in ASCAP’s repertory. In addition, the author notes that the comments made herein are necessarily constrained by having to navigate between the Scylla and Charybdis of ASCAP’s many pending court proceedings, negotiations and restrictions of protective orders. Nonetheless, while being mindful of these limitations, there is still much to say, from a practical perspective, beginning with: what does it mean to apply for an ASCAP license under ASCAP’s consent decree?
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 34 No. 4 (2011)
Better understanding the behavior of air pollutants at shutdown times – results of a short full lockdown
Creators: name: Tavella, Ronan Adler
name: Santos, Jéssica El Koury
name: de Moura, Fernando Rafael
name: da Silva Júnior, Flávio Manoel Rodrigues
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Numerous studies have evaluated the effects of lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic, but most of them have concerned large cities and regions. This study aimed to evaluate the dynamics of air pollutants during and after the implementation of a short lockdown in the medium-sized city of Pelotas, Brazil, using hourly measurements of pollutants. The evaluation period included in this study was between August 9th and 12th, 2020. A machine learning model was used to investigate the expected behavior against what was observed during the study period. All pollutants presented a gradual reduction until a dynamic plateau established 48 hours after the start of the lockdown: NO2 (↓4%), O3 (↓34%), SO2 (↓24%), CO (↓48%), PM10 (↓82%) and PM2.5 (↓82%). At the end of the restriction measures, the PM10 and PM2.5 levels continued to decline beyond expectations. Our findings show that these measures can positively affect the air quality in medium-sized cities.
LiLa: Linking Latin. Piecing together a seemingly under-resourced language
Creators: name: Franzini, Greta
name: Passarotti, Marco Carlo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: latin
linguistics
digital humanities
computational linguistics

description: LiLa responds to the growing need in the fields of Computational Linguistics, Humanities Computing and Classics to create an interoperable ecosystem of resources and Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools for Latin. To this end, LiLa makes use of Linked Open Data (LOD) practices and standards to connect words to distributed textual and lexical resources via unique identifiers. In so doing, LiLa builds rich knowledge graphs, which can be used for research and teaching purposes alike. The presentation sheds light on common misconceptions about Latin being an under-resourced language and details the current state of LiLa.
Chemical Abundances of the Outer Halo Stars in the Milky Way
Creators: name: Ishigaki, M.
name: Chiba, M.
name: Aoki, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present chemical abundances of 57 metal-poor stars that are likely constituents of the outer stellar halo in the Milky Way. Almost all of the sample stars have an orbit reaching a maximum vertical distance (Z_max) of >5 kpc above and below the Galactic plane. High-resolution, high signal-to-noise spectra for the sample stars obtained with Subaru/HDS are used to derive chemical abundances of Na, Mg, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Zn, Y and Ba with an LTE abundance analysis code. The resulting abundance data are combined with those presented in literature that mostly targeted at smaller Z_max stars, and both data are used to investigate any systematic trends in detailed abundance patterns depending on their kinematics. It is shown that, in the metallicity range of -25 kpc are systematically lower (~0.1 dex) than those with smaller Z_max. This result of the lower [alpha/Fe] for the assumed outer halo stars is consistent with previous studies that found a signature of lower [alpha/Fe] ratios for stars with extreme kinematics. A distribution of the [Mg/Fe] ratios for the outer halo stars partly overlaps with that for stars belonging to the Milky Way dwarf satellites in the metallicity interval of -2
description: 68 pages with 23 figures, Accepted for publication in PASJ
İsmet
Creators: name: Şentürk, Recep
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2001
Subjects: İsmet
Fıkıh
İslam Alimleri
İslamiyet

description: Sözlükteki "tutma, engel olma ve koruma" anlamından hareketle kelamda "Allah'ın bir kimseyi günah ve hatadan koruması" şeklinde özel bir anlam kazanan ve "peygamberlerin günahtan korunmuşluğu" manasıyla terimleşen ismet kelimesinin fıkıh literatüründeki kullanımı da sözlük anlamı ile bağlantılıdır. Temel haklar veya insan hakları alanından milletlerarası ilişkilere kadar kişilerin sahip olduğu ya da hukuk düzeninin belli konumdaki kişilere sağladığı koruma ve dokunulmazlıklar öteden beri fıkhın ana konularından birini teşkil ettiği için "eman, hak, hürmet, ihsan, zarüriyyat" gibi terimlerin yanı sıra ismet kelimesinin de bu tür dokunulmazlıkları ifadede sıkça kullanıldığı ve bu yönüyle fıkhın teşekkül döneminde terimleştirilmeye çalışıldığı söylenebilir.
Infinitely many hyperbolic Coxeter groups through dimension 19
Creators: name: Allcock, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F55, 51M10, 51M20

description: We prove the following: there are infinitely many finite-covolume (resp. cocompact) Coxeter groups acting on hyperbolic space H^n for every n < 20 (resp. n < 7). When n=7 or 8, they may be taken to be nonarithmetic. Furthermore, for 1 < n < 20, with the possible exceptions n=16 and 17, the number of essentially distinct Coxeter groups in H^n with noncompact fundamental domain of volume less than or equal to V grows at least exponentially with respect to V. The same result holds for cocompact groups for n < 7. The technique is a doubling trick and variations on it; getting the most out of the method requires some work with the Leech lattice.
description: This is the version published by Geometry & Topology on 11 July 2006 (V2: typesetting correction)
Competition and the Collective Management of Copyright
Creators: name: Hemphill, C. Scott
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2011

description: Discussions of the collective management of copyright tend to celebrate their subject. Much of the work collected in this volume focuses upon the significant economic value created by collective management organizations (“CMOs”), as well as the practical difficulties presented by any realistic effort to unlock that value. I have been assigned a different role to play. My task is to explain one downside of CMOs, namely the risk they pose to competition, and hence the limitations that antitrust law places upon their activities. These limits are familiar to many symposium participants. After all, two of the leading CMOs in the United States, ASCAP and BMI, have operated under an antitrust consent decree for the past sixty years. No article PDF is available.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 34 No. 4 (2011)
Cross-Border Issues in Collective Management
Creators: name: Moscoso, Adriana
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2011

description: I was an LLM student here a few years ago, so I am very happy to be back here today. I want to thank Professor Ginsburg for giving me this opportunity and I also want to thank the team from the Kernochan Center for its support. They have invited me to come and talk about cross-border licensing issues in Europe. I do not know how familiar everyone is with all of the things that have been going on in the last ten years in Europe concerning this issue. So, I am going to go through the steps that we have undertaken. At the end, I would like to share with you my ideas about what the future of collective management for online works should be, in Europe and worldwide. No article PDF is available.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 34 No. 4 (2011)
On the Cholesky method
Creators: name: Rakotonirina, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we prove that if the matrix of the linear system is symetric, the Cholesky decomposition can be obtained from the Gauss elimination method without pivoting, without proving that the matrix of the system is positive definite.
description: 7 pages
The Book Rights Registry in the Google Book Settlement
Creators: name: Band, Jonathan
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2011

description: Copyright law poses a significant challenge to any effort to create a comprehensive digital database of published books. Approximately eighty percent of these millions of titles are still under copyright. The tremendous amount of time, transaction costs and uncertainty relating to clearing the rights to so many works is overwhelming.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 34 No. 4 (2011)
Overarching trends and recommendations to improve labour market access for displaced migrants: Key findings and recommendations
Creators: name: Meer, Nasar
name: Peace, Timothy
name: Hill, Emma
name: Angeli, Maria
name: Di Maio, Claudio
name: Loprieno, Donatella
name: Elia, Anna
name: Fedele, Valentina
name: Righard, Erica
name: Emilsson, Henrik
name: Gudrun Jensen, Tina
name: Villegas, Leslie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: migration, governance, refugees, asylum seekers, migrants, integration

description: This policy brief will provide an overview of trends in labour market integration for displaced migrants across Sweden, Italy, Cyprus and Scotland. Specifically, this brief will: 1) discuss overarching policy parameters that define labour market integration frameworks for asylum seekers and refugees, 2) highlight the shared barriers that prevent migrants from fully engaging with employability services and 3) discuss issues to consider beyond traditional ‘employability services’ that may impact labour market integration for displaced migrants. It should be noted that while more context-specific recommendations are laid out in each country’s full report, select recommendations corresponding to each thematic section are embedded throughout the brief. GLIMER is informed by a combination of rigorous policy analysis, qualitative research with multi-party stakeholders and secondary analysis. This policy brief is reliant on policy documents, statistics and evaluations together with interviews with stakeholders from national, regional and local authorities and the third sector conducted in 2019 in all four countries. In Sweden, GLIMER members worked across the region of Skåne and the municipalities of Malmö and Eslöv, two municipalities in a close geographic distance and part of the Öresund region that connects Sweden to Denmark and continental Europe. In Italy, researchers worked in different locations covering the territory of Calabria, focusing on two main cities (Cosenza, Catanzaro) and in places with a high density of non-Italian residents (Lamezia Terme, Villa San Giovanni). In Cyprus, work consisted of ethnographic fieldwork and in-depth semi-structured interviews with stakeholders from devolved and local government, as well as the third sector in Nicosia. Lastly, in Scotland consortium members worked across several locations that included both the site of Dispersal (Glasgow) as well as areas involved in the Vulnerable Person’s Resettlement Scheme (VPRS). This policy brief does not represent an exhaustive depiction of each country’s findings. To access each country’s full report, please visit: http://www.glimer.eu/outputs/.
Stringy surprises
Creators: name: Ratz, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There are many conceivable possibilities of embedding the MSSM in string theory. These proceedings describe an approach which is based on grand unification in higher dimensions. This allows one to obtain global string-derived models with the exact MSSM spectrum and built-in gauge coupling unification. It turns out that these models exhibit various appealing features such as (i) see-saw suppressed neutrino masses, (ii) an order one top Yukawa coupling and potentially realistic flavor structures, (iii) non-Abelian discrete flavor symmetries relaxing the supersymmetric flavor problem, (iv) a hidden sector whose scale of strong dynamics is consistent with TeV-scale soft masses, and (v) a solution to the mu-problem. The crucial and unexpected property of these features is that they are not put in by hand nor explicitly searched for but happen to occur automatically, and might thus be viewed as "stringy surprises".
description: Invited proceedings prepared for the Yukawa International Seminar Symposium in Kyoto 2009; 14 pages, 4 figures
Legislative Alternatives to the Google Book Settlement
Creators: name: Samuelson, Pamela
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2011

description: The audacity of the Google Book Search (“GBS”) initiative, under which Google has scanned millions of in-copyright books from the collections of major research libraries in order to index their contents and serve up snippets in response to search queries, was surpassed only by the audacity of the proposed settlement of the class action lawsuit that challenged this scanning. Approval of the settlement would, among other things, have given Google the right to commercialize virtually every out-of-print book in the corpus (unless rights holders came forward to say no).
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 34 No. 4 (2011)
Carbon monoxide levels in households using coal-briquette fuelled stoves exceed WHO air quality guidelines in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Creators: name: Dickinson-Craig, Emma
name: Bartington, Suzanne E.
name: Watts, Rachel
name: Mandakhbayar, Oyunbolor
name: Khurelbaatar, Enkh-Od
name: Ochir, Chimedsuren
name: Boldbaatar, Damdindorj
name: Warburton, David
name: Thomas, G. Neil
name: Pope, Francis D.
name: Sereeter, Lodoysamba
name: Manaseki-Holland, Semira
name: Badarch, Jargalsaikhan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: In 2019, a domestic raw coal ban (RCB) was introduced in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Coal-briquettes have since been promoted in Ger district households, however implications for carbon monoxide (CO) exposure remains uncertain. We obtained 48-hour indoor CO concentrations in 23 Ger district households and compared these to 10 raw-coal households. Information on household characteristics, fuel use behaviour and stove venting practices was collected by survey. Mean 48-hour CO concentrations in coal-briquette households was 6.1 ppm (range 1.5–35.8 ppm) with no signfiicant differences by household, stove or venting factors. Peak time-weighted average CO concentrations exceeded WHO Indoor Air Quality guidelines in 9 (39%) households; with all surpassing the 8-hour guideline (>8.6 ppm); 3(13%) the 24-hour guideline (>6 ppm) and 2(9%) the 1-hour guideline (>30 ppm). Median CO levels were significantly lower in coal-briquette compared to raw coal households (p = 0.049). Indoor CO reduction was associated with RCB implementation although hazardous levels persist in this setting.
Additional file 4 of CircNDC80 promotes glioblastoma multiforme tumorigenesis via the miR-139-5p/ECE1 pathway
Creators: name: Wang, Yuhang
name: Wang, Binbin
name: Zhou, Fengqi
name: Lv, Kun
name: Xu, Xiupeng
name: Cao, Wenping
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 4: Table S1. Primers used in the present study.
Reward sensitivity and emotionally biased cognition in depression
Creators: name: Terpstra, Alexander Roy
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: For this dissertation, I examined anticipatory reward sensitivity, facial emotion judgment, and self-referential processing in major depressive and bipolar spectrum disorders (MDD and BSD) during a major depressive episode (MDE). I also examined whether these cognitive-affective processes predicted trajectories of response to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and/or changed from pre-treatment to post treatment. In Chapter 1, I begin by conceptualizing the constructs of interest and reviewing previous research relevant to MDD and BSD as well as rTMS for TRD. I subsequently introduce my research questions and hypotheses. In Chapter 2, I report a study examining differences in the cognitive-affective processes of interest between acutely depressed individuals with MDD and BSD, as well as non-psychiatric control participants (NCs). I show that individuals with MDD exhibited blunted anticipatory reward sensitivity and attributed fewer positive traits to themselves compared to individuals with BSD and NCs. Participants with BSD also self-attributed fewer positive traits than NCs. Individuals with MDD and BSD attributed more negative traits to themselves and had greater negative self-referential memory bias than NCs. Thus, anticipatory reward sensitivity and self-attribution of positive traits may be higher in BSD than MDD, and self-attribution of negative traits and negative self-referential memory bias appear higher in both disorders, compared to NCs. Chapter 3 is a study examining the roles of reward sensitivity, facial emotion judgment, and self-referential processing in response to rTMS for TRD. I found that anticipatory reward sensitivity and the number of negative traits participants self-attributed at baseline were significantly associated with overall depressive and suicidality symptoms, from baseline to three months post treatment. Furthermore, participants self-attributed a higher number of positive traits and a lower number of negative traits, and had lower negative self-referential memory bias, at one-week post rTMS compared to baseline. The findings suggest baseline reward sensitivity and negative self-referential processing may be risk factors for higher depressive symptoms and suicidality during and after rTMS. Additionally, rTMS may help address negatively biased self-referential processing. In Chapter 4, I conclude with a final summary and discussion of this research, including limitations and future directions.
X-ray optical depth diagnostics of T Tauri accretion shocks
Creators: name: Argiroffi, C.
name: Maggio, A.
name: Peres, G.
name: Drake, J. J.
name: Santiago, J. Lopez
name: Sciortino, S.
name: Stelzer, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In classical T Tauri stars, X-rays are produced by two plasma components: a hot low-density plasma, with frequent flaring activity, and a high-density lower temperature plasma. The former is coronal plasma related to the stellar magnetic activity. The latter component, never observed in non-accreting stars, could be plasma heated by the shock formed by the accretion process. However its nature is still being debated. Our aim is to probe the soft X-ray emission from the high-density plasma component in classical T Tauri stars to check whether this is plasma heated in the accretion shock or whether it is coronal plasma. High-resolution X-ray spectroscopy allows us to measure individual line fluxes. We analyze X-ray spectra of the classical T Tauri stars MP Muscae and TW Hydrae. Our aim is to evaluate line ratios to search for optical depth effects, which are expected in the accretion-driven scenario. We also derive the plasma emission measure distributions EMD, to investigate whether and how the EMD of accreting and non accreting young stars differ. The results are compared to those obtained for the non-accreting weak-line T Tauri star TWA 5. We find evidence of resonance scattering in the strongest lines of MP Mus, supporting the idea that soft X-rays are produced by plasma heated in the accretion shock. We also find that the EMD of MP Mus has two peaks: a cool peak at temperatures expected for plasma heated in the accretion shock, and a hot peak typical of coronal plasma. The shape of the EMD of MP Mus appears to be the superposition of the EMD of a pure coronal source, like TWA 5, and an EMD alike that of TW Hydrae, which is instead dominated by shock-heated plasma.
description: 11 pages, 7 postscript figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics. Minor language corrections
Carbon monoxide levels in households using coal-briquette fuelled stoves exceed WHO air quality guidelines in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Creators: name: Dickinson-Craig, Emma
name: Bartington, Suzanne E.
name: Watts, Rachel
name: Mandakhbayar, Oyunbolor
name: Khurelbaatar, Enkh-Od
name: Ochir, Chimedsuren
name: Boldbaatar, Damdindorj
name: Warburton, David
name: Thomas, G. Neil
name: Pope, Francis D.
name: Sereeter, Lodoysamba
name: Maniseki-Holland, Semira
name: Badarch, Jargalsaikhan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: In 2019, a domestic raw coal ban (RCB) was introduced in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.Coal-briquettes have since been promoted in Ger district households, however implications for carbon monoxide (CO) exposure remains uncertain. We obtained 48-hour indoor CO concentrations in 23 Ger district households and compared these to 10 raw-coal households. Information on household characteristics, fuel use behaviour and stove venting practices was collected by survey. Mean 48-hour CO concentrations coal-briquette households was 6.1 ppm (range 1.5–35.8 ppm) with no signfiicant differences by household, stove or venting factors. Peak time-weighted average CO concentrations exceeded WHO Indoor Air Quality guidelines in 9 (39%) households; with all surpassing the 8-hour guideline (>8.6 ppm); 3(13%) the 24-hour guideline (>6 ppm) and 2(9%) the 1-hour guideline (>30 ppm). Median CO levels were significantly lower in coal-briquette compared to raw coal households (p = 0.049). Indoor CO reduction was associated with RCB implementation although hazardous levels persistin this setting.
If Mass Digitization Is the Problem, Is Legislation the Solution? Some Practical Considerations Related to Copyright
Creators: name: Wasoff, Lois F.
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2011

description: Copyright law is intended to be “technology neutral.” Despite that, technological development is clearly putting pressure on certain aspects of copyright. Readily available technological tools make digital copying and distribution simple and seamless. This can make the legal “obstacles” to the full use of those tools resulting from the need to comply with copyright seem inconvenient and archaic. In particular, the issues arising in connection with mass digitization projects, where compliance can require identifying and locating large numbers of copyright owners and seeking appropriate permissions, are complicated. We hear often about the potential benefits that could be derived from mass digitization projects; we hear less often about some of the risks they may create. But the widespread interest in facilitating such projects, at least for certain purposes, is clear. Collective licensing schemes may be one way to accomplish that; targeted exceptions to copyright may be another. Either may require making changes to current copyright law.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 34 No. 4 (2011)
Panel: Collective Licensing for Digitizing Analog Materials
Creators: name: Panelists, 2011 Symposium
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2011

description: Question and Answer for the Symposium: Collective Management of Copyright: Solution or Sacrifice?
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 34 No. 4 (2011)
Brownian motion and the Dirichlet problem at infinity on two-dimensional Cartan-Hadamard manifolds
Creators: name: Neel, Robert W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 58J32 (Primary), 58J65 60H30 (Secondary)

description: After recalling the Dirichlet problem at infinity on a Cartan-Hadamard manifold, we discuss what is known and the difference between the two-dimensional and higher-dimensional cases. Turning our attention to the two-dimensional case, we prove that the Dirichlet problem at infinity on a two-dimensional Cartan-Hadamard manifold is solvable under the curvature condition $K\leq (1+ε)/(r^2 \log r)$, outside of a compact set, for some $ε>0$ in polar coordinates around some pole. This condition on the curvature is sharp, and improves upon the previously known case of quadratic curvature decay. Finally, we briefly discuss the issues which arise in trying to extend this method to higher dimensions.
description: 12 pages
title: 2019 Survey On Shareholder Versus Stakeholder Interests
Creators: name: Larcker, David F.
name: Tayan, Brian
name: Trivdei, Vinay
name: Wurzbacher, Owen
Publisher: name: Corporate Governance Research Initiative
Year: 2019

description: In spring 2019, the Rock Center for Corporate Governance at Stanford University surveyed 209 CEOs and CFOs of companies included in the S&P 1500 Index to understand the role that stakeholder interests play in long-term corporate planning. Key Findings: CEOs are divided on whether stakeholder initiatives are a cost or benefit to the company. Companies tout their efforts but believe the public doesn’t understand them. Institutional investors, such as Blackrock, advocate for companies to play a more central role, but have little impact.
The integral cohomology of the group of loops
Creators: name: Jensen, Craig A
name: McCammond, Jon
name: Meier, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20J06, 57M07

description: Let PSigma_n denote the group that can be thought of either as the group of motions of the trivial n-component link or the group of symmetric automorphisms of a free group of rank n. The integral cohomology ring of PSigma_n is determined, establishing a conjecture of Brownstein and Lee.
description: This is the version published by Geometry & Topology on 11 July 2006
A class of second-order geometric quasilinear hyperbolic PDEs and their application in imaging science
Creators: name: Dong, Guozhi
name: Hintermüller, Michael
name: Zhang, Ye
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quasilinear hyperbolic equation
subject: geometric PDEs
subject: total variation flow
subject: mean curvature flow
subject: level set
subject: second-order dynamics
subject: non-smooth and non-convex variational methods
subject: image denoising
subject: displacement error correction

description: In this paper, we study damped second-order dynamics, which are quasilinear hyperbolic partial differential equations (PDEs). This is inspired by the recent development of second-order damping systems for accelerating energy decay of gradient flows. We concentrate on two equations: one is a damped second-order total variation flow, which is primarily motivated by the application of image denoising; the other is a damped second-order mean curvature flow for level sets of scalar functions, which is related to a non-convex variational model capable of correcting displacement errors in image data (e.g. dejittering). For the former equation, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the solution. For the latter, we draw a connection between the equation and some second-order geometric PDEs evolving the hypersurfaces which are described by level sets of scalar functions, and show the existence and uniqueness of the solution for a regularized version of the equation. The latter is used in our algorithmic development. A general algorithm for numerical discretization of the two nonlinear PDEs is proposed and analyzed. Its efficiency is demonstrated by various numerical examples, where simulations on the behavior of solutions of the new equations and comparisons with first-order flows are also documented.
The NGC 404 Nucleus: Star Cluster and Possible Intermediate Mass Black Hole
Creators: name: Seth, Anil C.
name: Cappellari, Michele
name: Neumayer, Nadine
name: Caldwell, Nelson
name: Bastian, Nate
name: Olsen, Knut
name: Blum, Robert D.
name: Debattista, Victor P.
name: McDermid, Richard
name: Puzia, Thomas
name: Stephens, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the nuclear morphology, kinematics, and stellar populations in nearby S0 galaxy NGC 404 using a combination of adaptive optics assisted near-IR integral-field spectroscopy, optical spectroscopy, and HST imaging. These observations enable study of the NGC 404 nucleus at a level of detail possible only in the nearest galaxies. The surface brightness profile suggests the presence of three components, a bulge, a nuclear star cluster, and a central light excess within the cluster at radii <3 pc. These components have distinct kinematics with modest rotation seen in the nuclear star cluster and counter-rotation seen in the central excess. Molecular hydrogen emission traces a disk with rotation nearly orthogonal to that of the stars. The stellar populations of the three components are also distinct, with half of the mass of the nuclear star cluster having ages of ~1 Gyr (perhaps resulting from a galaxy merger), while the bulge is dominated by much older stars. Dynamical modeling of the stellar kinematics gives a total nuclear star cluster mass of 1.1x10^7 Msol. Dynamical detection of a possible intermediate mass black hole is hindered by uncertainties in the central stellar mass profile. Assuming a constant mass-to-light ratio, the stellar dynamical modeling suggests a black hole mass of <1x10^5 Msol, while the molecular hydrogen gas kinematics are best fit by a black hole with mass of 4.5x10^5 Msol. Unresolved and possibly variable dust emission in the near-infrared and AGN-like molecular hydrogen emission line ratios do suggest the presence of an accreting black hole in this nearby LINER galaxy.
description: To appear in ApJ. 21 pages, 19 figures, higher resolution PDF available at: http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/~aseth/ngc404paper.pdf
A deep look at the inner regions of the mini-BAL QSO PG 1126-041 with XMM-Newton
Creators: name: Giustini, M.
name: Cappi, M.
name: Chartas, G.
name: Eracleous, M.
name: Palumbo, G. G. C.
name: Vignali, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A long XMM-Newton observation of the mini-BAL QSO PG 1126-041 allowed us to detect a highly ionized phase of X-ray absorbing gas outflowing at v~15000 km/s. Physical implications are briefly discussed.
description: 2 pages, 2 figures. Proceedings of "X.ray Astronomy 2009", Bologna 09/7-11/2009, AIP Conference Series, Eds. A. Comastri, M. Cappi, L. Angelini
title: 2019 U.S. Tax Survey
Creators: name: Larcker, David F.
name: Tayan, Brian
Publisher: name: Corporate Governance Research Initiative
Year: 2019

description: In October 2019, the Rock Center for Corporate Governance at Stanford University conducted a nationwide survey of 3,062 individuals — representative by age, race, political affiliation, household income, and state residence — to understand the American population’s views on current and proposed tax policies. Key findings include: Tax rates for high-income earners are about right. Majority favor a wealth tax…but not if it harms the economy. Americans do not want to set limits on personal wealth. Americans do not believe in a right to universal basic income. Trust in the ability of the U.S. government to spend tax dollars effectively is low. Americans believe in higher taxes for corporations who pay their CEO large dollar amounts. Little appetite exists to break up “big tech.”