Rhinolophus monticolus Soisook et al. 2016
Creators: name: Burgin, Connor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Chiroptera
Rhinolophidae
Rhinolophus
Rhinolophus monticolus

description: 66. Mountain Horseshoe Bat <i>Rhinolophus monticolus</i> French: Rhinolophe de montagne / <b>German:</b> Gebirgs-Hufeisennase / <b>Spanish:</b> Herradura montano <b>Taxonomy.</b> <i>Rhinolophus monticolus</i> Soisook <i>et aL,</i> 2016, “ Pu Nam Ron Stream, Mae Nam Pha Chi Wildlife Sanctuary, Ratchaburi <i>Province</i>, Thailand, 13°16’N, 99°20’ <i>E</i>, 800 m a.s.1.” <i>Rhinolophus monticolus</i> is included in the <i>pusillus</i> species group. It appears to be closely related to <i>R.shortridgei,</i> and together they are embedded within <i>R. pusillus,</i> making that species paraphyletic. Despite the close similarity, the specific <i>epithet monticolus</i> is not a homonym of the older name <i>monticola</i> introduced by K. Andersen in 1905 and referring to a taxon treated as a race of <i>R. lepidus',</i> both names are nouns and are therefore invariable, <i>monticola</i> retains an “-a” as its suffix rather than “-us.” <i>Monotypic</i>. <b>Distribution.</b> NW Laos (Luang Namtha) and N &amp; W Thailand (type locality in Pu Nam Rom Stream and Phu Soun Sai and Mae <i>Wong</i> national parks); distribution is probably more extensive. Descriptive <b>notes.</b> Head-body 42-3-48- 5 mm, tail 19-7-25- 6 mm, ear 15-5-19- 4 mm, hindfoot 7.4-8.3 mm, forearm 42-2-44- 1 mm; weight 6-9~8- 6 g. Dorsal pelage is dark brown (whitish basally, dark brown toward tips of each hair) whereas ventral pelage is little paler (mostly white hairs with brown tips). Ears are <i>relatively</i> long. Noseleaf has tall and slightly concave-sided lancet with <i>bluntly</i> pointed tip; sella is broad, nearly parallel-sided with slight convexity in middle, and with squared-off tip; connecting process is <i>relatively</i> long, projects anteriorly, and is sharply pointed; horseshoe is broad at 7-1-8- 6 mm wide <i>but</i> does <i>not completely</i> cover muzzle, and has shallow median emargination; lateral leaflets are present; noseleaf is brown, but specimens in Thailand had easily washed off unknown orange liquid covering their noseleaf, muzzle, and skin around <i>eyes</i>. Lower lip has three mental grooves. Baculum is elongate (3-6- 3-7 mm) and has cylindrical shaft with distinct dorsal bend at base and ventral bend at tip; dorsal margin of basal cone is shorter than ventral margin and basal cone has deep ventral notch. Skull is <i>relatively</i> large and elongate (zygomatic breadth exceeds mastoid width); anterior nasal swellings are <i>relatively</i> large and inflated; posterior nasal swellings are large and slightly inflated in lateral view; frontal depression is very shallow and supraorbital ridges are conspicuous but not well developed; sagittal crest is well developed, particularly near midpoint of braincase. C1 is <i>relatively</i> large (twice the size of P4); P2 is small and within tooth row, separating C1 from P4; P is small and either within tooth row or slightly extruded from <i>it</i>. <b>Habitat.</b> Primary submontane to montane evergreen forests at elevations <i>of</i> 650-1320 m. <b>Food and</b> Feeding. No information. Breeding. Lactating females were captured in mid-August <b>in</b> Thailand. <b>Activity patterns.</b> Mountain Horseshoe Bats probably roost by day in tree hollows or rock crevices, as no caves are known from their habitat <i>types</i>. Call shape is FM/CF/FM structure with a peak F recorded at 83-6-87 kHz in males and 91-6-93 kHz in females. <b>Movements, Home range and Social organization.</b> No information. <b>Status and Conservation.</b> Not assessed on <i>The</i> IUCN <i>ed List</i> due to its <i>recent</i> recognition as a species. The Mountain Horseshoe Bat is <i>only currently</i> known to occur at a few localities in Laos and Thailand, and very few specimens have been recorded, so <i>it</i> could be at risk of habitat loss. <b>Bibliography.</b> Andersen (1905), Soisook <i>et al.</i> (2016).
description: Published as part of <i>Burgin, Connor, 2019, Rhinolophidae, pp. 280-332 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions</i> on page 312, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3748525