cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Location of the Multicritical Point for the Ising Spin Glass on the Triangular and Hexagonal Lattices
Creators: name: Nishimori, Hidetoshi
name: Ohzeki, Masayuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A conjecture is given for the exact location of the multicritical point in the phase diagram of the +/- J Ising model on the triangular lattice. The result p_c=0.8358058 agrees well with a recent numerical estimate. From this value, it is possible to derive a comparable conjecture for the exact location of the multicritical point for the hexagonal lattice, p_c=0.9327041, again in excellent agreement with a numerical study. The method is a variant of duality transformation to relate the triangular lattice directly with its dual triangular lattice without recourse to the hexagonal lattice, in conjunction with the replica method.
description: 9 pages, 1 figure; Minor corrections in notation
The Economic Impact of the South-North Water Transfer Project in China: A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis
Creators: name: Berrittella, Maria
name: Rehdanz, Katrin
name: Tol, Richard S.J.
name: Berrittella, Maria
name: Rehdanz, Katrin
name: Tol, Richard S.J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Water resources are unevenly spread in China. Especially the basins of the Yellow, Hui and Hai rivers in the North are rather dry. To increase the supply of water in these basins, the South-to-North Water Transfer project (SNWT) was launched. Using a computable general equilibrium model this study estimates the impact of the project on the economy of China and the rest of the world. We contrast three alternative groups of scenarios. All are directly concerned with the South-to-North water transfer project to increase water supply. In the first group of scenarios additional supply implies productivity gains. We call it the 'non-market' solution. The second group of scenarios is called 'market solution'. The market price for water adjusts such that supply and demand are equated again. In the third group of simulations the economic implications of China's capital investment in infrastructure for the water South-North water transfer project is analyzed. Finally, the investment is combined with the increased capacity of water. If an increase in water supply in China leads to an increase in productivity of their water-intensive goods and services (non-market solution) this would result in a huge positive welfare effect from increased production and export. The effect on China's welfare would still be positive, if a market for water would exist (market solution), but the world as a whole would lose. The negative effect for the rest of the world is largely explained by a deterioration of its terms-of-trade. Well functioning water markets in China are unlikely to exist.
Noise-induced acceleration of single molecule kinesin-1
Creators: name: Ariga, Takayuki
name: Tateishi, Keito
name: Tomishige, Michio
name: Mizuno, Daisuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The movement of single kinesin molecules was observed while applying noisy external forces that mimic intracellular active fluctuations. We found kinesin accelerates under noise, especially when a large hindering load is added. The behavior quantitatively conformed to a theoretical model that describes the kinesin movement with simple two-state reactions. The universality of the kinetic theory suggests that intracellular enzymes share a similar noise-induced acceleration mechanism, i.e. active fluctuations in cells are not just noise but are utilized to promote various physiological processes.
description: 6 pages for the main text and 18 pages for the Supplemental Material
Fuzzy and Neutrosophic Analysis of Periyar's views on Untouchability
Creators: name: Kandasamy, W. B. Vasantha
name: Smarandache, Florentin
name: Kandasamy, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Mathematics (math.GM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03Bxx

description: This book is organized into four chapters. In Chapter One we just introduce the basic Fuzzy and Neutrosophic tools used in the analysis of the social evil of Untouchability. Since the notion of caste is based on themind, it is appropriate to use Fuzzy and Neutrosophic theory. In Chapter Two we use the opinion of several experts to analyze the various aspects of untouchability. Here, we use the tools that have been described in Chapter One. Fuzzy Directed Graphs and Neutrosophic Directed Graphs of these Fuzzy and Neutrosophic models happen to be very dense. We have represented 16 such graphs in this book. In Chapter Three we give a brief introduction about the life and struggle of Periyar. The fourth and concluding chapter gives observations drawn from our mathematical results based on the Fuzzy and Neutrosophic analysis.
description: 385 pages, 16 figures
Economy-Wide Estimates of the Implications of Climate Change: A Joint Analysis for Sea Level Rise and Tourism
Creators: name: Bigano, Andrea
name: Bosello, Francesco
name: Roson, Roberto
name: Tol, Richard S.J.
name: Bigano, Andrea
name: Bosello, Francesco
name: Roson, Roberto
name: Tol, Richard S.J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Climate change impacts on human life have well defined and different origins, nevertheless in the determination of their final effects, especially those involving social-economic responses, interactions among impacts are likely to play an important role. This paper is one of the first attempts to disentangle and highlight the role of these interactions. It focuses on the economic assessment of two specific climate change impacts: sea-level rise and changes in tourism flows. By using a CGE model the two impacts categories are first analyzed separately and then jointly. Comparing the results it is shown that, even though qualitatively joint effects follow the outcomes of the disjoint exercises, quantitatively impact interactions do play a significant role. Moreover it has been also possible to disentangle the relative contribution of each single impact category to the final result. In the case under scrutiny demand shocks induced by changes in tourism flows outweigh the supply side shock induced by the loss of coastal land.
Taxing Tourism in Spain: Results and Recommendations
Creators: name: Gago, Alberto
name: Labandeira, Xavier
name: Picos, Fidel
name: Rodriguez, Miguel
name: Gago, Alberto
name: Labandeira, Xavier
name: Picos, Fidel
name: Rodriguez, Miguel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: This paper analyses the foundations, possible applications and the effects of tourism taxation in Spain. The article begins with an analysis of the economic and environmental reasons for taxing tourism, which would seem to call for taxes based on the principle of benefit, for either revenue or corrective purposes. Subsequently, we describe the praxis of tourism taxation in Spain, with special mention being given to the now repealed Balearic ecotasa. Finally, the effects of two fiscal modifications with revenue or corrective objectives are studied through the use of an applied general equilibrium model developed for the Spanish economy. We thus see that a 10% tax on lodging brings in significant public receipts, increases social welfare and has no effect on the environment. On the other hand, an increase of VAT rates on tourism-related sectors could have the same effects on tourist expenditure but at the costs of greater impact for Spain's economy.
The Value of ITC under Climate Stabilization
Creators: name: Gerlagh, Reyer
name: Gerlagh, Reyer
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: We assess the effect of ITC in a global growth model, DEMETER-1CCS, with learning by doing where energy savings, an energy transition, and carbon capturing and sequestration (CCS) are the main options for emissions reductions. The model accounts for technology based on learning by doing embodied in capital installed in previous periods. We have run five scenarios, one baseline scenario in which climate change policy is assumed absent, and four stabilization scenarios in which atmospheric CO2 concentrations are stabilized at 550, 500, 450, and 400 ppmv. We find that the timing of emission reductions and the investment strategy is relatively independent of the endogeneity of technological change. The vintages structure of production is more important. But ITC reduces costs by about factor 2, though these benefits only materialize after some decades.
GROWTH ECONOMICS AND DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS: WHAT SHOULD DEVELOPMENT ECONOMISTS LEARN (IF ANYTHING) FROM THE NEW GROWTH THEORY?
Creators: name: Ruttan, Vernon W.
name: Ruttan, Vernon W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: International Development

description: Since their emergence as a distinct fields of inquiry in the early post World War II period there has been an uneasy relationship between growth economics and development economics. The emergence of a richer 'new growth economics' has opened up the possibilities of a more fruitful dialogue between the two subdisciplines. In spite of recent advances, particularly with respect to the human capital, and understanding of differences in growth rates and income levels across countries remains elusive. Further advances will require that growth economists broaden their research agenda to embrace a number of concepts that have become conventional in development economics.
NUTRITION, HEALTH AND LABOR PRODUCTIVITY ANALYSIS OF MALE AND FEMALE WORKERS: A TEST OF THE EFFICIENCY WAGE HYPOTHESIS
Creators: name: Aziz, Fahima
name: Aziz, Fahima
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital
Productivity Analysis

description: The objective of this study was to examine the effect of nutrition and health on labor productivity for women and men workers on subsistence farm households. The study emerged from the well founded Efficiency Wage Hypothesis which asserts that nutrition affects labor productivity in subsistence economies. This study develops the Efficiency Wage Hypothesis further by including an anthropometric measure of health along with caloric intake and other production inputs in the productivity analysis The conceptual model was based on an economic model of household behavior developed by Gary Becker. Through optimization it was shown that consumption and production decisions were not separable. The relevant step was to estimate an inherently non-linear production function for the household. The empirical model specified dual causality between consumption and production , and thereby used a simultaneous equation system. A two-stage least squares estimation with instruments was used in the production function estimation to control the endogeneity in the model. The data set consisted of a sample of forty households from six villages in India, covering three broad agroclimatic zones. Output value of production, inputs into the production including caloric consumption of the individuals in the households and anthropometric measures of health, were available in the data set, enabling the study to use all this information in the estimation of labor productivity. The empirical results showed that an increase in caloric consumption increased the female labor productivity but health, as measured by weight-for-height, of the female workers was not significant. Caloric consumption of the male workers did not contribute to their productivity but their health, as measured by weight -for-height, significantly added to the value of output. Hired workers, cultivated area, input of fertilizer, bullock labor positively affected the value of farm output. Increased daily caloric availability and consumption of female workers can be recommended to increase the productivity of the households. Health, as measured herein, can be viewed as a function of past calories and in that context increasing the present caloric consumption of the households would improve health and productivity of the workers in the future.
Reasoning about transfinite sequences
Creators: name: Demri, Stéphane
name: Nowak, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce a family of temporal logics to specify the behavior of systems with Zeno behaviors. We extend linear-time temporal logic LTL to authorize models admitting Zeno sequences of actions and quantitative temporal operators indexed by ordinals replace the standard next-time and until future-time operators. Our aim is to control such systems by designing controllers that safely work on $ω$-sequences but interact synchronously with the system in order to restrict their behaviors. We show that the satisfiability problem for the logics working on $ω^k$-sequences is EXPSPACE-complete when the integers are represented in binary, and PSPACE-complete with a unary representation. To do so, we substantially extend standard results about LTL by introducing a new class of succinct ordinal automata that can encode the interaction between the different quantitative temporal operators.
description: 38 pages
Effect of calcium pretreatments, vacuum levels, and apple varieties, on the texture of vacuum microwave dehydrated apple chips
Creators: name: Sham, Patricia Wai Ying
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Apples were washed, sliced, steam blanched and dipped in 0-5% calcium chloride solution. These slices were air dried to a moisture content of ~50%db and then vacuum microwave dried (VMD) to a final moisture content of ~5%db. The effects of calcium pretreatment, vacuum levels, and apple varieties on the textural characteristics of VMD apple chips were determined by a TA XT2 Texture Analyzer using punch and die tests. The effect of different drying techniques (VMD, air drying and freeze drying) on apple chips' texture was also investigated. The calcium pretreated chips were found to be significantly (p<0.05) crispier than the non-treated ones. Application of vacuum during VMD was observed to have significant (p<0.05) effects on lowering the density and increasing the crispness in apple chips. Furthermore, results from instrumental analysis showed that Fuji apple chips were significantly (p<0.05) crispier than both Red Delicious and Golden Delicious apple chips. Fuji apple chips were also found to have a significantly (p<0.05) higher rating for crispness than the other two apple varieties. Results from sensory analysis illustrated that although a significant bitterness was not observed (p>0.05) in 1% CaCl₂ pretreated apple chips, this calcium pretreatment did significantly (p<0.05) affect the flavor (apple flavor, sweetness, and off flavor) of apple chips. Scaiining electron microscopy was used to exarriine the structures of the dehydrated apple chips. The calcium pretreatment, the levels of vacuum employed, and the types of drying technology were all shown to have effects on the structural characteristics of apple chips.
The GALAH+ Survey: A New Library of Observed Stellar Spectra Improves Radial Velocities and Hints at Motions within M67
Creators: name: Zwitter, Tomaž
name: Kos, Janez
name: Buder, Sven
name: Čotar, Klemen
name: Asplund, Martin
name: Bland-Hawthorn, Joss
name: Casey, Andrew R.
name: De Silva, Gayandhi M.
name: D'Orazi, Valentina
name: Freeman, Kenneth C.
name: Hayden, Michael R.
name: Lewis, Geraint F.
name: Lin, Jane
name: Lind, Karin
name: Martell, Sarah L.
name: Schlesinger, Katharine J.
name: Sharma, Sanjib
name: Simpson, Jeffrey D.
name: Stello, Dennis
name: Zucker, Daniel B.
name: Beeson, Kevin L.
name: de Grijs, Richard
name: Nordlander, Thomas
name: Ting, Yuan-Sen
name: Traven, Gregor
name: Vogrinčič, Rok
name: Watson, Fred
name: Wittenmyer, Rob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: GALAH+ is a magnitude-limited survey of high resolution stellar spectra obtained by the HERMES spectrograph at the Australian Astronomical Observatory. Its third data release provides reduced spectra with new derivations of stellar parameters and abundances of 30 chemical elements for 584,015 dwarfs and giants, 88% of them in the Gaia magnitude range 11 < G < 14. Here we use these improved values of stellar parameters to build a library of observed spectra which is useful to study variations of individual spectral lines with stellar parameters. This and other improvements are used to derive radial velocities with uncertainties which are generally within 0.1 km/s or ~25% smaller than in the previous release. Median differences in radial velocities measured here and by the Gaia DR2 or APOGEE DR16 surveys are smaller than 30 m/s, a larger offset is present only for Gaia measurements of giant stars. We identify 4483 stars with intrinsically variable velocities and 225 stars for which the velocity stays constant over >=3 visits spanning more than a year. The combination of radial velocities from GALAH+ with distances and sky plane motions from Gaia enables studies of dynamics within streams and clusters. For example, we estimate that the open cluster M67 has a total mass of ~3300 Msun and its outer parts seem to be expanding, though astrometry with a larger time-span than currently available from Gaia eDR3 is needed to judge if the latter result is real.
description: 15 pages, 4 tables, 17 figures + online data files, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Teracharopa goudi Maassen 2000
Creators: name: Cavallari, Daniel C.
name: Dornellas, Ana Paula S.
name: Simone, Luiz Ricardo L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Stylommatophora
Charopidae
Teracharopa
Teracharopa goudi

description: goudi, Teracharopa Maassen, 2000
 Teracharopa goudi Maassen, 2000: 142–144 (figs 9–10).
Gastropoda, Charopidae
 Probable paratype: MZSP 95494 (Fig. 7 A–B).
 Locality: Indonesia, West Sumatra, SE of Bukit Tingii, 3 km E of Lintau, Cave Gua Pangian, 00°28'19.5'' S, 100°45'11.7'' E (type locality).
 Preservation: Dry.
 Remarks: Former Jens Hemmen Collection. Locality data and measurements compare fittingly with a 20-specimen paratype series originally deposited in the authors’ reference collection (Maassen 2000). Label bears a paratype status annotation.
description: Published as part of Cavallari, Daniel C., Dornellas, Ana Paula S. & Simone, Luiz Ricardo L., 2016, Second annotated list of type specimens of molluscs deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, pp. 1-59 in European Journal of Taxonomy 213 on pages 25-26, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.213, http://zenodo.org/record/3840125
Semi-classical spectral estimates for Schrödinger operators at a critical level. Case of a degenerate maximum of the potential
Creators: name: Camus, Brice
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the semi-classical trace formula at a critical energy level for a Schrödinger operator on $\mathbb{R}^{n}$. We assume here that the potential has a totally degenerate critical point associated to a local maximum. The main result, which establishes the contribution of the associated equilibrium in the trace formula, is valid for all time in a compact subset of $\mathbb{R}$ and includes the singularity in $t=0$. For these new contributions the asymptotic expansion involves the logarithm of the parameter $h$. Depending on an explicit arithmetic condition on the dimension and the order of the critical point, this logarithmic contribution can appear in the leading term.
description: 27 pages, perhaps to be revised
Algorithm for TDI numerical simulation and sensitivity investigation
Creators: name: Wang, Gang
name: Ni, Wei-Tou
name: Han, Wen-Biao
name: Qiao, Cong-Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a generic algorithm to determine the time delays and spacecraft (S/C) positions to compose any time-delay interferometry (TDI) channel in the dynamical case and evaluate its sensitivity by using a full numerical method. We select 11 second-generation TDI channels constructed from four approaches and investigate their gravitational wave responses, noise levels, and averaged sensitivities under a numerical LISA orbit. The sensitivities of selected channels are various especially for frequencies lower than 20 mHz. The optimal channel A$_2$ (or equivalently E$_2$) combined from second-generation Michelson TDI channels (X$_1$, X$_2$, and X$_3$) achieves the best sensitivity among the channels, while the Sagnac $α_1$ channel shows the worse sensitivity. Multiple channels show better sensitivities at some characteristic frequencies compared to the fiducial X$_1$ channel. The joint $\mathrm{A_2+E_2+T_2}$ observation not only enhances the sensitivity of the X$_1$ channel by a factor of $\sqrt{2}$ to 2 but also improves the capacity of sky coverage.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures
SOURCES OF TECHNICAL CHANGE: INDUCED INNOVATION, EVOLUTIONARY THEORY AND PATH DEPENDENCE
Creators: name: Ruttan, Vernon W.
name: Ruttan, Vernon W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: The 1960s through the 1980s were very productive of new theory and empirical insight into the sources of technical change. In this paper I argue that each of the three approaches that have been advanced--induced technical change, evolutionary theory and path dependence--is approaching a dead end. The induced technical change process is driven by changes in the economic environment in which the firm (or public research agency) finds itself. But its internal mechanism, the learning and search process, remain inside a black box. The evolutionary model builds on the behavioral theory of the firm in an attempt to provide a more realistic description of the internal workings of the black box. The strength of the path dependence interpretation lies in the importance it places on the sequence of specific micro-level historical events. But it holds only for network technologies characterized by increasing returns to scale--and only until the increasing returns have been exhausted. The three approaches should be regarded as components of a more general theory of the sources of technical change. In the later section of the paper steps that might be taken toward the development of a more general theory of the sources of technical change are suggested.
The local vertical density distribution of ultracool dwarfs M7 to L2.5 and their luminosity function
Creators: name: Warren, Stephen
name: Ahmed, Saad
name: Laithwaite, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the form of the local vertical density profile of the stars in the Galactic disk, close to the Galactic plane. We use a homogeneous sample of 34000 ultracool dwarfs M7 to L2.5 that all lie within 350 pc of the plane. We fit a profile of the form sech$^α$, where $α=2$ is the theoretically preferred isothermal profile and $α=0$ is the exponential function. Larger values of $α$ correspond to greater flattening of the profile towards the plane. We employ a likelihood analysis that accounts in a direct way for unresolved binaries in the sample, as well as for the spread in absolute magnitude $M_J$ within each spectral sub-type (Malmquist bias). We measure $α=0.29^{+0.12}_{-0.13}$. The $α=1$ (sech) and flatter profiles are ruled out at high confidence for this sample, while $α=0$ (exponential) is included in the 95% credible interval. Any flattening relative to exponential is modest, and is confined to within 50 pc of the plane. The measured value of $α$ is consistent with the results of the recent analysis by Xiang et al. Our value for $α$ is also similar to that determined for nearby spiral galaxies by de Grijs et al., measured from photometry of galaxies viewed edge on. The measured profile allows an accurate determination of the local space density of ultracool dwarfs M7 to L2.5, and we use this to make a new determination of the luminosity function at the bottom of the main sequence. Our results for the luminosity function are a factor two to three lower than the recent measurement by Bardalez Gagliuffi et al., that uses stars in the local 25 pc radius bubble, but agree well with the older study by Cruz et al.
Robust and Efficient Optimization Using a Marquardt-Levenberg Algorithm with R Package marqLevAlg
Creators: name: Philipps, Viviane
name: Hejblum, Boris P
name: Prague, Mélanie
name: Commenges, Daniel
name: Proust-Lima, Cécile
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Implementations in R of classical general-purpose algorithms for local optimization generally have two major limitations which cause difficulties in applications to complex problems: too loose convergence criteria and too long calculation time. By relying on a Marquardt-Levenberg algorithm (MLA), a Newton-like method particularly robust for solving local optimization problems, we provide with marqLevAlg package an efficient and general-purpose local optimizer which (i) prevents convergence to saddle points by using a stringent convergence criterion based on the relative distance to minimum/maximum in addition to the stability of the parameters and of the objective function; and (ii) reduces the computation time in complex settings by allowing parallel calculations at each iteration. We demonstrate through a variety of cases from the literature that our implementation reliably and consistently reaches the optimum (even when other optimizers fail), and also largely reduces computational time in complex settings through the example of maximum likelihood estimation of different sophisticated statistical models.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures
The Impact of HIV on Total Factor Productivity
Creators: name: Alemu, Zerihun Gudeta
name: Roe, Terry L.
name: Smith, Rodney B.W.
name: Alemu, Zerihun Gudeta
name: Roe, Terry L.
name: Smith, Rodney B.W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Health Economics and Policy
International Development

description: This study investigates whether HIV prevalence rates impact TFP growth. We construct a panel of data on general macroeconomic indicators and HIV prevalence rates for over 100 countries, for the years 1994 through 2002, and estimate the impact of HIV on TFP growth rates for each country. We find that HIV can have a large negative impact on factor productivity growth in Southern African countries. For example, factor productivity growth in Lesotho falls by up to 23%, and for South Africa factor productivity growth falls by up to 15%. We then investigate the potential impact of the disease on the economic growth of Lesotho and South Africa. This is accomplished by calibrating a single sector, neoclassical model of economic growth with endogenous savings to the two countries. The models show that TFP effects can have large, negative impacts on both per capital and aggregate GDP.
Gewaltlosigkeit und Gewalt in ökumenischen Erklärungen
Creators: name: Müller-Römheld, Walter
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 20 Nr. 1 (1971): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 20, Heft 1
Amplification induced by white noise
Creators: name: Ishihara, Masamichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the amplification of the field induced by white noise. In the present study, we study a stochastic equation which has two parameters, the energy $ω(\vec{k})$ of a free particle and the coupling strength $D$ between the field and white noise, where the quantity $\vec{k}$ represents the momentum of a free particle. This equation is reduced to the equation with one parameter $α(\vec{k})$ which is defined as $α(\vec{k}) = D (ω(\vec{k}))^{-3/2}$. We obtain the expression of the exponent statistically averaged over the unit time and derive an approximate expression of it. In addition, the exponent is obtained numerically by solving the stochastic equation. We find that the amplification increases with $α(\vec{k})$. This indicates that white noise can amplify the fields for soft modes if the mass $m$ of the field is sufficiently light and if the strength of the coupling between the field and white noise is sufficiently strong, when the energy $ω(\vec{k})$ is equal to $\sqrt{m^{2} + \vec{k}^{2}}$. We show that the $α(\vec{k})$ dependence of the exponent statistically averaged is qualitatively similar to that of the exponent obtained by solving the stochastic equation numerically, and that these two exponents for the small value of $α(\vec{k})$ are quantitatively similar.
description: 9 pages, 4 eps figures; Changed content
Examining the effects of raising autistic children on family functioning : using the double ABCX model
Creators: name: Smalley, Keri Lane
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Using the Double ABCX Model as a framework, an investigation of the effects of raising autistic children on family functioning was the focus of this research. The sample population (N=39) was based on voluntary participation from members of support groups and agencies that focused on families with autistic members, such as, the Autism Society of British Columbia (ASBC), the Autism Calgary Association, and Child Development Centers across the province. The sample was composed of primary caregivers of children, 7 years old or younger and who had recently been diagnosed with autism. The caregiver was asked to complete a questionnaire that took approximately 30 minutes. The questionnaire was composed of three measures, Family Inventory of Life Events and Changes (FILE), Coping Health Inventory for Parents (CHIP), and Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales II (FACES II). The use of these scales examined the pile-up, coping, and functioning in families faced with raising a child who was autistic. Initial regression analysis showed no relationship between a family's pile-up and their coping mechanisms. A relationship between coping and family functioning did emerge however. In subsequent regression analyses using the measurement instruments subscales, correlations between certain types of pile-up and different coping mechanisms did appear. Certain subscales of coping continued to be highly correlated with family functioning, as well as, its two subscales adaptation and cohesion. Finally, a relationship also appeared between four of pile-up's subscales and family functioning. This study found that the family's coping mechanisms had the most impact on how they adapted and maintained a sense of cohesion in light of raising their child with autism.
Finite Quantum Field Theory and Renormalization Group
Creators: name: Green, M. A.
name: Moffat, J. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Renormalization group methods are applied to a scalar field within a finite, nonlocal quantum field theory formulated perturbatively in Euclidean momentum space. It is demonstrated that the triviality problem in scalar field theory, the Higgs boson mass hierarchy problem and the stability of the vacuum do not arise as issues in the theory. The scalar Higgs field has no Landau pole.
description: 5 pages, one figure. Version matches published article
Hoplodoris hansrosaorum Dominguez, Garcia & Troncoso 2006
Creators: name: Cavallari, Daniel C.
name: Dornellas, Ana Paula S.
name: Simone, Luiz Ricardo L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Nudibranchia
Discodorididae
Hoplodoris
Hoplodoris hansrosaorum

description: hansrosaorum, Hoplodoris Domínguez, García & Troncoso, 2006
 Hoplodoris hansrosaorum Domínguez, García & Troncoso, 2006: 150–152 (figs 1–14).
Gastropoda, Discodorididae
 Holotype: MZSP 52190.
 Locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Arraial do Cabo, Cabo Frio Island, interdital zone (type locality), 28 Jul. 1999.
 Collectors: J. Troncoso and García.
 Preservation: 70% ethanol.
description: Published as part of Cavallari, Daniel C., Dornellas, Ana Paula S. & Simone, Luiz Ricardo L., 2016, Second annotated list of type specimens of molluscs deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, pp. 1-59 in European Journal of Taxonomy 213 on page 26, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.213, http://zenodo.org/record/3840125
EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT AND SECTORAL TRANSITION IN THE INDONESIAN LABOR FORCE
Creators: name: Kawuryan, Anna Maria Siti
name: Kawuryan, Anna Maria Siti
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: This study examines the effects of educational achievement on structural transition in the Indonesian labor force during the process of recent economic development. The paper provides an overview of the educational policy in Indonesia. Then, it discusses the educational achievement of the Indonesian labor force between 1976 and 1989. The subsequent parts examines wages and the effects of this educational achievement on the structural composition of the labor force, labor supply, labor force participation, and unemployment. The final part summarizes the findings in this study and offers some labor and educational policy implications. The 1976 and 1989 SAKERNAS (Indonesian National Labor Force Survey) data are used in this study. The results show that first, between these years, there was a significant increase in the educational achievement of the Indonesian labor force. While still lagging behind, women's educational achievement grew more rapidly than men's. Second, between 1960 and the mid 1970s, the labor force share of agriculture dropped from 75% to 51%. Between 1976 and the early 1990s, the labor force share of agriculture remained dominant at around 51%. In a longer time perspective, the Indonesian labor force has begun to undergo a structural transition. Third, education increases the likelihood of full time work, even though women had lower hours worked. Fourth, for 1976 and 1989, labor force participation rates were lower for women than for men. Self employment remained dominant for men and women, a likely result of the continuing dominance of agriculture in the economy. Fifth, unemployment rates were high for men and women under 30 years of age in both years, while jobs seemed to be relatively stable for those older than 30. Female unemployment rate was higher than male unemployment rate in both years. Female senior high school graduates were especially affected as their unemployment rate was the highest among all levels of schooling for women in 1989.
Thermal Evolution of Supernova Iron in Elliptical Galaxies
Creators: name: Brighenti, Fabrizio
name: Mathews, William G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In explaining the relative metal abundances observed in galaxy groups and clusters, it is generally assumed that all metals created by supernovae are present either in visible stars or the hot gas. We discuss here the possibility that some of the iron expelled into the hot gas by Type Ia supernovae may have radiatively cooled, avoiding detection by X-ray and optical observers. Hydrodynamic models of Type Ia explosions in the hot gas inside elliptical galaxies result in a gas of nearly pure iron that is several times hotter than the local interstellar gas. We describe the subsequent thermal evolution of the iron-rich gas as it radiates and thermally mixes with the surrounding gas. There is a critical time by which the iron ions must mix into the ambient gas to avoid rapid radiative cooling. We find that successful mixing is possible if the iron ions diffuse with large mean free paths, as in an unmagnetized plasma. However, in microgauss fields the Larmor radii of the iron ions are exceptionally small, so the field geometry must be highly tangled or radial to allow the iron to mix by diffusion faster than it cools by radiative losses. The possibility that some of the supernova iron cools cannot be easily discounted.
description: 27 pages (aastex) including 7 figures; accepted by The Astrophysical Journal
Formal Hodge Theory
Creators: name: Barbieri-Viale, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14F42, 14C30

description: Formal (mixed) Hodge structures FHS are introduced in such a way that the Hodge realization of Deligne's 1-motives extends to a realization from Laumon's 1-motives to formal Hodge structures of level 1, providing an equivalence of categories. For the sake of exposition we here confine our study to level 1 mixed Hodge structures. However, it is conceivable and suitable to consider formal mixed Hodge structures with arbitrary Hodge numbers: generalizing our definition herebelow it's not that difficult and we will treat such a matter nextly.
description: 12 pages
IMPERIALISM AND COMPETITION IN ANTHROPOLOGY, SOCIOLOGY, POLITICAL SCIENCE AND ECONOMICS: A PERSPECTIVE FROM DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
Creators: name: Ruttan, Vernon W.
name: Ruttan, Vernon W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: International Development

description: In work published in the 1980's Yujro Hayami and I elaborated a theory of institutional innovations in which institutional changes are induced, on the demand side, by changes in relative resource endowments and technical change and, on the supply side, by changes in cultural endowments and advances in social science knowledge. In the mid-1980's I initiated a research program to explore what development economists might learn from research by other social scientists working in the field of development. In this paper I draw on this earlier work, and on related literature to explore the conditions under which interdisciplinary imperialism or interdisciplinary collaboration can be most productive. I argue that when the objective of research is to advance fundamental knowledge in the social sciences imperialism can be highly productive. But where multiple sources of knowledge must be drawn on for policy, mechanism, or system design interdisciplinary collaboration is essential.
Computational Aspects of Hyperelliptic Curves
Creators: name: Shaska, Tanush
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We introduce a new approach of computing the automorphism group and the field of moduli of points $\p=[C]$ in the moduli space of hyperelliptic curves $\H_g$. Further, we show that for every moduli point $\p \in \H_g(L)$ such that the reduced automorphism group of $\p$ has at least two involutions, there exists a representative $C$ of the isomorphism class $\p$ which is defined over $L$.
Stacking-engineered ferroelectricity in bilayer boron nitride
Creators: name: Yasuda, Kenji
name: Wang, Xirui
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Jarillo-Herrero, Pablo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: 2D ferroelectrics with robust polarization down to atomic thicknesses provide novel building blocks for functional heterostructures. Experimental reports, however, remain scarce because of the requirement of a layered polar crystal. Here, we demonstrate a rational design approach to engineering 2D ferroelectrics from a non-ferroelectric parent compound via employing van der Waals assembly. Parallel-stacked bilayer boron nitride is shown to exhibit out-of-plane electric polarization that reverses depending on the stacking order. The polarization switching is probed via the resistance of an adjacently-stacked graphene sheet. Furthermore, twisting the boron nitride sheets by a small-angle changes the dynamics of switching due to the formation of moiré ferroelectricity with staggered polarization. The ferroelectricity persists to room temperature while keeping the high mobility of graphene, paving the way for potential ultrathin nonvolatile memory applications.
description: Initial draft. The published paper contains piezoelectric force microscopy data
Natural Resource Abundance and Economic Growth in a Two Country World
Creators: name: Roe, Terry L.
name: Gaitan, Beatriz
name: Roe, Terry L.
name: Gaitan, Beatriz
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: International Development
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: We investigate the dynamics of nonrenewable resource abundance on economic growth and welfare in a two-country world. One country is endowed with a nonrenewable-resource, otherwise, countries are identical, except possibly for their initial endowments of capital. Unlike previous studies analyzing small open economies, we show that once interactions between resource-rich and resource-less economies are considered the effect of the nonrenewable resource on the resource rich economy's performance can be positive. We derive the necessary condition for the nonrenewable resource to have a positive (negative) effect on the growth rate of the resource-rich economy. The endowment of the nonrenewable resource has a positive effect on the growth rate of the resource-rich country provided the elasticity of the initial price of the resource with regard to the initial stock of the resource is greater than minus one. An analytical solution to the model confirms that this elasticity is greater than minus one, and numerical simulations with a very large range of parameter values confirm the same.
Numerical simulations of type I planetary migration in nonturbulent magnetized discs
Creators: name: Fromang, Sebastien
name: Terquem, Caroline
name: Nelson, Richard P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using 2D MHD numerical simulations performed with two different finite difference Eulerian codes, we analyze the effect that a toroidal magnetic field has on low mass planet migration in nonturbulent protoplanetary discs. The presence of the magnetic field modifies the waves that can propagate in the disc. In agreement with a recent linear analysis (Terquem 2003), we find that two magnetic resonances develop on both sides of the planet orbit, which contribute to a significant global torque. In order to measure the torque exerted by the disc on the planet, we perform simulations in which the latter is either fixed on a circular orbit or allowed to migrate. For a 5 earth mass planet, when the ratio βbetween the square of the sound speed and that of the Alfven speed at the location of the planet is equal to 2, we find inward migration when the magnetic field B_ϕ is uniform in the disc, reduced migration when B_ϕ decreases as r^{-1} and outward migration when B_ϕ decreases as r^{-2}. These results are in agreement with predictions from the linear analysis. Taken as a whole, our results confirm that even a subthermal stable field can stop inward migration of an earth--like planet.
description: 17 pages, 12 figures, accepted in MNRAS. A version with full resolution, colour figures is available at http://www.maths.qmul.ac.uk/~rpn/preprints/
Introduction: Paleoheliosphere versus PaleoLISM
Creators: name: Frisch, Priscilla C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Speculations that encounters with interstellar clouds modify the terrestrial climate have appeared in the scientific literature for over 85 years. This article introduces a series of articles that seek to give substance to these speculations by examining the exact mechanisms that link the pressure and composition of the interstellar medium surrounding the Sun to the physical properties of the inner heliosphere at the Earth.
description: The article will appear in the book "Solar Journey: The Significance of Our Galactic Environment for the Heliosphere and Earth", Springer, in press (2006), editor P. C. Frisch
MONETARY INSTABILITY AND ECONOMIC GROWTH
Creators: name: Peterson, Willis L.
name: Peterson, Willis L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Financial Economics
International Development

description: Favorable conditions existed for world economic growth during the 1980s and early 1990s. Yet real GDP growth rates for 76 out of 87 countries included in this study decreased during this time, relative to the 1968-80 period. The middle income countries experienced the greatest decline in growth rates, followed by the low income group. Theory and evidence suggest that an increase in the instability of the growth rate of the money supply, largest in the middle income countries and next largest in the low income nations, contributed to this decline.
Conus hazinorum Petuch & Myers 2014
Creators: name: Cavallari, Daniel C.
name: Dornellas, Ana Paula S.
name: Simone, Luiz Ricardo L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Neogastropoda
Conidae
Conus
Conus hazinorum

description: hazinorum, Conasprelloides Petuch & Myers, 2014
 Conasprelloides hazinorum Petuch & Myers, 2014b: 31 (text fig. + fig. 1A–F).
Gastropoda, Conidae
 Holotype: MZSP 116523.
 Paratype: MZSP 116524.
 Locality: Brazil, Sergipe State, off Pirambu, 50 m depth.
 Preservation: Dry.
 Remarks: This species was recombined as Conus hazinorum by Puillandre et al. (2015).
description: Published as part of Cavallari, Daniel C., Dornellas, Ana Paula S. & Simone, Luiz Ricardo L., 2016, Second annotated list of type specimens of molluscs deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, pp. 1-59 in European Journal of Taxonomy 213 on page 26, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.213, http://zenodo.org/record/3840125
Cavity-induced quantum spin liquids
Creators: name: Chiocchetta, Alessio
name: Kiese, Dominik
name: Zelle, Carl Philipp
name: Piazza, Francesco
name: Diehl, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum spin liquids provide paradigmatic examples of highly entangled quantum states of matter. Frustration is the key mechanism to favor spin liquids over more conventional magnetically ordered states. Here we propose to engineer frustration by exploiting the coupling of quantum magnets to the quantized light of an optical cavity. The interplay between the quantum fluctuations of the electro-magnetic field and the strongly correlated electrons results in a tunable long-range interaction between localized spins. This cavity-induced frustration robustly stabilizes spin liquid states, which occupy an extensive region in the phase diagram spanned by the range and strength of the tailored interaction. Remarkably, this occurs even in originally unfrustrated systems, as we showcase for the Heisenberg model on the square lattice.