cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Food Category Contributors to Sodium Intake from Stores vs. Restaurants
Creators: name: Keast, Debra
name: Guenther, Patricia
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Life Sciences
subject: Dietary Patterns
subject: Dietary Sodium
subject: Food Away From Home
subject: Food Category Contributors
subject: Food Source

description: This project will analyze the dietary data from the 2009-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) to describe the contributions to sodium intake of foods obtained from grocery and other stores compared to foods obtained from restaurants (including full-service and quick-serve restaurants). It will also describe the key food category contributors of sodium from stores and restaurants. Results will be provided for the U.S. population and for subpopulations defined by age and gender, race/ethnicity, and household income level.
title: CT and MRI of thyroglossal duct cyst.
Creators: name: Lo Casto, Antonio
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cysts
subject: Congenital
subject: Computer Applications-3D
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Head and neck

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: The thyroglossal duct is a narrow tubular structure connecting the primordium of the thyroid gland to the tongue in the midline. If the duct does not involute at 8-10th weeks of gestation, secretion for infection or inflammation causes a...
Temperature Sensing with RF-Dressed States of Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond
Creators: name: Tabuchi, H.
name: Matsuzaki, Y.
name: Furuya, N.
name: Nakano, Y.
name: Watanabe, H.
name: Tokuda, N.
name: Mizuochi, N.
name: Ishi-Hayase, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond are promising systems for realizing sensitive temperature sensors. Pulsed optically detected magnetic resonance (Pulsed-ODMR) is one of the ways to measure the temperature using NV centers. However, Pulsed-ODMR requires careful calibration and strict time synchronization to control the microwave pulse, which complicates its applicability. Nonetheless, the continuous-wave optically detected magnetic resonance (CW- ODMR) in NV centers is another more advantageous way to measure temperature with NV centers, owing to its simple implementation by applying a green laser and microwave in a continuous manner. This, however, has the drawback of a lower sensitivity compared to pulsed-ODMR. Therefore, to benefit from its accessible adaptation, it is highly important to improve the sensitivity of temperature sensing with CW-ODMR. Here, we propose a novel method to measure temperature using CW-ODMR with a quantum state dressed by radio-frequency (RF) fields under transverse magnetic fields. RF fields are expected to suppress inhomogeneous broadening owing to strain variations. Experimental results confirmed that the linewidth becomes narrower in our scheme compared to the conventional one. Moreover, we estimated the sensitivity to be approximately 65.5 $\mathrm{m}\mathrm{K}/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$, which constitutes approximately seven times improvement with respect to the sensitivity of the conventional scheme.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Structural Domain Switching by Magnetic Fields in RAl$_3$C$_3$ (R=Rare Earth)
Creators: name: Matsumura, T.
name: Hayashi, Y.
name: Takai, S.
name: Otsubo, T.
name: Matsuda, S.
name: Ochiai, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hexagonal-to-orthorhombic structural transitions in RAl$_3$C$_3$ have been studied by X-ray diffraction for R=Yb, Tm, Er, Dy, and Lu. We report how orthorhombic domains are controlled by adjusting external magnetic fields. It is shown that orthorhombic domains in RAl$_3$C$_3$ can be aligned by the field when the R ion is magnetic. It is also shown that a single-domain state can be switched to another single-domain state by the field even in paramagnetic states with small induced moments. For R=Lu, however, it was not possible to change the multidomain state by a field of up to 70 kOe. We discuss that domain selection and switching are caused by magnetic anisotropies in the orthorhombic phase of RAl$_3$C$_3$. We also propose an idea to explain the field-induced antiferromagnetism revealed by Khalyavin et al. [Phys. Rev. B \textbf{87}, 220406 (2013)].
description: 8 pages, 10 figures, 1 table, accepted in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn
Adjoint-based optimization of two-dimensional Stefan problems
Creators: name: Fullana, Tomas
name: Chenadec, Vincent Le
name: Sayadi, Taraneh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A range of optimization cases of two-dimensional Stefan problems, solved using a tracking-type cost-functional, is presented. A level set method is used to capture the interface between the liquid and solid phases and an immersed boundary (cut cell) method coupled with an implicit time-advancement scheme is employed to solve the heat equation. A conservative implicit-explicit scheme is then used for solving the level set transport equation. The resulting numerical framework is validated with respect to existing analytical solutions of the forward Stefan problem. An adjoint-based algorithm is then employed to efficiently compute the gradient used in the optimisation algorithm (L-BFGS). The algorithm follows a continuous adjoint framework, where adjoint equations are formally derived using shape calculus and transport theorems. A wide range of control objectives are presented, and the results show that using parameterised boundary actuation leads to effective control strategies in order to suppress interfacial instabilities or to maintain a desired crystal shape.
description: 33 pages, 16 figures, preprint submitted to Journal of Computational Physics
Tunable photonic crystal haloscope for high-mass axion searches
Creators: name: Bae, Sungjae
name: Youn, SungWoo
name: Jeong, Junu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the search for axion dark matter, the cavity-based haloscope offers the most sensitive approach to the theoretically interesting models in the microwave region. However, experimental searches have been limited to relatively low masses up to a few tens of $μ$eV, benefiting from large detection volumes and high quality factors for a given experimental setup. We propose a new cavity design suitable for axion searches in higher mass regions with enhanced performance. The design features a periodic arrangement of dielectric material in a conventional conducting cavity where the resonant frequency is determined by the interspace. This photonic crystal haloscope can make full use of a given volume even at high frequencies while substantially improving the cavity quality factor. An auxetic structure is considered to deploy the array for two-dimensional frequency tuning. We present the characteristics of this haloscope design and demonstrate its feasibility for high-mass axion searches.
description: 7 pages, 9 figures
USIA/Institut Francais d'Opinion Publique | Poll # USIA1955-XX03
Creators: name: USIA
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2006

description: International affairs: 9-Power Conference, West Germany, European union, Saar district, relations with Russia, U.S., disarmament, Italy, U.S. efforts to counter Communism in East.
Projection methods for ill-posed problems revisited
Creators: name: Kindermann, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The discretization of least-squares problems for linear ill-posed operator equations in Hilbert spaces is considered. The main subject of this article concerns conditions for convergence of the associated discretized minimum-norm least-squares solution to the exact solution using exact attainable data. The two cases of global convergence (convergence for all exact solution) or local convergence (convergence for a specific exact solution) are investigated. We review the existing results and prove new equivalent condition when the discretized solution always converges to the exact solution. An important tool is to recognize the discrete solution operator as oblique projection. Hence, global convergence can be characterized by certain subspaces having uniformly bounded angles. We furthermore derive practically useful conditions when this holds and put them into the context of known results. For local convergence we generalize results on the characterization of weak or strong convergence and state some new sufficient conditions. We furthermore provide an example of a bounded sequence of discretized solutions which does not converge at all, not even weakly.
Targeting Determinants of Diabetes: A Move Toward An Applied Democracy
Creators: name: Corr, Kelly
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2002

description: The growing epidemic in Type II diabetes has disproportionately affected marginalized populations in the United States and has caused an uncontrollable and unsustainable increase in the cost of treating and managing diabetes. To date, there are no effective widespread treatments or interventions to reverse these trends. The answers, however, must be sought outside the traditional biomedical perspective not only to incorporate the political, social, historical, and economic disease determinants, but also to actually put them into practice. Over the past two decades institutions, organizations, and individuals are recognizing that concepts of health and disease have broader implications than we once thought. In 1986 the Regional Office for Europe of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion identified nine conditions and resources that constitute health: peace, shelter, education, food, income, a stable ecosystem, sustainable resources, social justice, and equity. This definition acknowledges the diverse and multiple factors that contribute to the incidence and prevalence of disease in people. Determinants of disease have political, social, cultural, environmental, genetic, economic, historical, and individual origins. Health professionals seek long-term solutions to epidemics, like diabetes, by identifying and intervening in disease determinants in various populations. However, previous and current medical and public health interventions are patient-centered and fall short of addressing the multiple determinants acknowledged by the WHO in 1986. Given the current rising costs of health care and fiscal crises, U.S. policymakers and the health care industry are faced with placing limits on health care resources. Terms like cost-effectiveness, equity, and quality of care are factoring into how health care is delivered. This signifies a change from the biomedical patient-focused distribution of care to one concerning social justice and equity. A study performed in 1999 by Jeffery and French showed that intervention efforts targeting lifestyle changes and behavior modification were not sustainable over a three year time period. Additionally, Williamson has stated that community-based educational efforts are ineffective because behaviors are much more complex than researchers assume. By expanding the determinants of diabetes to reflect a more broadened definition of health, medical professionals can better understand the actual causes of disease in populations and, consequently, implement more effective interventions.
British Gallup Poll CQ 917A
Creators: name: Social Surveys (Gallup Poll) Limited
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2013

description: Government approval (1); Margaret Thatcher job performance (1); Neil Kinnock job performance (1); David Steel job performance (1); David Owen job performance (1); election party support (1); 1983 General Election participation (1); 1983 election party voted for (1); salary raise expected (1); workers expected raises (1); percent increase in prices next 12 months (1).
Geometric multigrid method for solving Poisson's equation on octree grids with irregular boundaries
Creators: name: Teunissen, Jannis
name: Schiavello, Francesca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A method is presented to include irregular domain boundaries in a geometric multigrid solver. Dirichlet boundary conditions can be imposed on an irregular boundary defined by a level set function. Our implementation employs quadtree/octree grids with adaptive refinement, a cell-centered discretization and pointwise smoothing. Boundary locations are determined at a subgrid resolution by performing line searches. For grid blocks near the interface, custom operator stencils are stored that take the interface into account. For grid block away from boundaries, a standard second-order accurate discretization is used. The convergence properties, robustness and computational cost of the method are illustrated with several test cases.
USE OF PUBLIC HEALTH METRICS AS INDICATORS OF IMPENDING VIOLENT CONFLICT OR PEACE PROMOTION TOOLS
Creators: name: Martin, Nicole
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: The purpose of this paper is to assess the potential for the field of public health to actively contribute to violent conflict prevention by ascertaining which public health metrics may be indicative of impending violent conflict and identify examples of public health interventions being used to promote peace and reduce the risk of violence. Several public health indicators were found to be predictive of conflict and include demographic changes such as increased population density or infant mortality; large population displacement such as increases in refugees or migrants; degradation of public services like delivery of healthcare and education; malnutrition and related food shortages or lack of safe water; increased mortality and injury associated with collective violence; decreased access for women to healthcare, education and employment with concomitant increases in the sex trade and domestic violence; and in some cases, increased incidence of certain infectious diseases. There was limited evidence that public health interventions prevent conflicts or health interventions contribute to lasting peace efforts. Several potential tools can aid in conflict prevention efforts including Health Impact Assessments, health relief and development initiatives as part of peace promotion efforts, and global health diplomacy. Public health practitioners should make addressing violent conflict a public health and political priority by accurately documenting its catastrophic effects on health, aiding in prevention by building evidence regarding risk factors and effective primary prevention interventions, and collaborating with practitioners from other disciplines to study and evaluate risk assessment and primary prevention strategies. By using existing public health skills and monitoring systems, public health professionals can become true partners with other disciplines to apply public health expertise to this pressing problem.
British Gallup Poll CQ 920
Creators: name: Social Surveys (Gallup Poll) Limited
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2013

description: Government approval (1); Margaret Thatcher job performance (1); Neil Kinnock job performance (1); David Steel job performance (1). David Owen job performance (1); General election party support (1); 1983 general election participation (1); 1983 party voted for (1); government controlling rising prices (1); rising prices continue (1); government economic policies approval (1); government economic policies fair (1); wages risen compared to 1 year ago (1); food prices risen from a year ago (1); increase in wages same, more, or less than increase in food prices (1); money left after expenses compared to 1 year ago (1).
Prescription Opioid Abuse: A Modern Day Public Health Epidemic
Creators: name: Neumann, Jennifer
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: The abuse of prescription opioids has been increasing since early 2000 and currently represents a significant public health crisis. In 2008, opioids contributed to one death every 36 minutes in the United States (Manchikanti et al., 2012). The mortality and morbidity associated with prescription opioid abuse represents a substantial financial burden on society, especially on the health care system. The objective of this paper is to examine the drivers of this epidemic and the prevention strategies that have already been employed in order to recommend a successful intervention aimed at curbing prescription opioid abuse and overdose. These prevention strategies include patient and provider education, the creation and use of evidence-based guidelines for pain management, implementation of state prescription drug monitoring programs, increased access to substance abuse treatment, expansion of take-home naloxone, the creation of abuse deterrent drug formulations, and supportive legislation. Successful interventions based on these strategies have been utilized at both the state and community level. Through improved data collection, continued research on effective prevention strategies, improved interstate prescription drug monitoring programs, support and maintenance of the workforce treating patients suffering from chronic non-cancer pain, and continued state and federal support, a greater impact can be achieved. A continued effort must be made to address the multiple determinants of prescription opioid abuse. Although a national problem, collaborative public health leadership at the community level needs to be cultivated to provide a foundation for an evidence-based, “bottom up”, multidimensional intervention that will elicit the changes needed to combat this epidemic.
Prepositional adverbials in French in Quebec (Saguenay–Lac-St-Jean). Appendix: Statistical Measures (Project Materials)
Creators: name: Wissner, Inka
name: Gagnon, Melissa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Variation
French in Quebec
français au Québec
statistics
statistiques
field inquiries
enquêtes de terrain

description: These project materials are to be understood as an appendix to a book chapter by Inka Wissner, Inka and Melissa Gagnon, “Adverbials with preposition and adjective in Eastern Quebec (Saguenay–Lac-St-Jean)”, forthcoming in De Gruyter. They provide detailed tables illustrating the exact measures realized on Quebec French data retrieved by Melissa Gagnon during sociolinguistic field work in Saguenay–Lac-St-Jean from 2021 to 2022 with thirty-four informants within the Third Way project on prepositional adverbials from Latin to Romance, a project led by Martin Hummel at the University of Graz (Austria). Measures are realized according to a method prepared from 2020 to 2021 by Wissner and Roy. It has been applied to all Romance languages under study in the Third Way project.
Gallup News Service Survey: December, 1992 - Wave 1
Creators: name: Gallup
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 1993

description: Party preference(2); voting record(2); most admired people(2); Bush job performance(2); economy(3); U.S. troops in Somalia(6); Bosnia conflict(1); Senator Packwood(3); Major League Baseball(3).
title: Pediatric Extraosseous Ewing Sarcoma: Common Imaging Findings, Differential Diagnosis, and Pathologic Correlates; a Multi-Year Analysis at a Large Children's Hospital.
Creators: name: Alexander, Alan
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: Paediatric
subject: Oncology
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Education
subject: Cancer

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: *Viewers will gain a visual understanding of the multi-modality imaging appearances and findings of extraosseous Ewing sarcomas in various anatomical sites. *Additionally, viewerswill be able to understand and recognize pathological correlates of...
Alternative for Black Hole Paradoxes
Creators: name: Slagter, Reinoud Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A throughout investigation is made of the exact black hole solution in five-dimensional warped conformal dilaton gravity, found in an earlier investigation. The singularities of the dynamical black hole spacetime are determined by the zeros of a meromorphic quintic polynomial, which has no essential singularities. The solutions of the polynomial are analyzed in the complex plane in relation to the icosahedron group and by the Hopf-fibrations of the Klein surface. The model fits the antipodal boundary condition, i.e., antipodal points in the projected space are identified using the embedding of a Klein surface in $\mathds{C}^2$, using the $\mathds{Z}_2$ symmetry on the two sides of the brane. If one writes $^{(5)}g_{μν}=ω^{4/3}{^{(5)}}{\tilde g_{μν}}, {^{(5)}}{\tilde g_{μν}}={^{(4)}}{\tilde g_{μν}}+n_μn_ν$, $ ^{(4)}\tilde g_{μν}=\barω^2 {^{(4)}}\bar g_{μν}$, with $n_μ$ the normal to the brane and $ω$ the dilaton field, then ${^{(4)}}\bar g_{μν}$ is conformally flat. It is the contribution from the bulk which determines the real pole on the effective four-dimensional spacetime. There is no objection applying 't Hooft's back reaction method in constructing the unitary S-matrix for the Hawking radiation. Again, there is no "inside" of the black hole.
description: Version 2. Some minor changes. Comment welcome. 10 figures. 25 pages. To be presented at the 4-th Information Universe Conference, Groningen, The Netherlands. June 2022
The magnetic ground state properties of non-centrosymmetric CePt$_3$B$_{1-x}$Si$_x$
Creators: name: Rauch, D.
name: Horenburg, P.
name: Hartwig, S.
name: Litterst, F. J.
name: Süllow, S.
name: Luetkens, H.
name: Baines, C.
name: Yamazaki, S.
name: Hidaka, H.
name: Amitsuka, H.
name: Bauer, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of the alloying series of the non-centrosymmetric $f$-electron intermetallic CePt$_3$B$_{1-x}$Si$_x$ by means of muon spin rotation and relaxation measurements. In addition, we include a high pressure magnetization investigation of the stoichiometric parent compound CePt$_3$B. From our data we establish the nature of the magnetic ground state properties of the series, derive the ordered magnetic moment as function of stoichiometry and gain insight into the evolution of the symmetry of the ordered magnetic state with $x$. We thus can verify the notion that the behavior of the sample series can essentially be understood within the framework of the Doniach phase diagram. Further, our findings raise the issue of the role the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya magnetic interaction plays in correlated electron materials, and its effect on magnetic fluctuations in such materials.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures
title: Preoperative assessment of rectal cancer: an accurate MRI protocol a radiological template
Creators: name: Picone, Dario
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Gastrointestinal tract
subject: Abdomen
subject: Oncology
subject: MR
subject: Staging
subject: Education and training
subject: Neoplasia

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: The aims of our poster are: -to review the MRI technique and protocol in preoperative local staging of rectal cancer (RC); -to identify radiological signs that are useful for both the clinician and the surgeon; -to provide some “tips& tricks” in...
title: Multi-modality radiological manifestations of β thalassaemia and its associated complications
Creators: name: Tincey, Sophia
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: CNS
subject: Cardiac
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Blood
subject: Haematologic diseases

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Discussion of the background and disease aetiology of β thalaessaemia Analysis of various complications associated with β thalaessaemia with imaging correlation Overview of the skeletal manifestations and associated metabolic bone changes...
Female Autonomy and Facility Delivery in Honduras
Creators: name: Erin NicoleEscobar
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Honduras’ maternal mortality rate is estimated at 100 deaths per 100,000 live births, remaining higher than the Latin America and Caribbean regional average of approximately 85 deaths per 100,000 live births. Because the majority of maternal deaths arise suddenly during labor, delivery and the immediate post-partum period, childbirth in a health facility equipped to manage complications is a crucial strategy for reducing maternal mortality. While technological improvements are critical for improved maternal health outcomes, relative power between partners has also been shown to impact reproductive health decisions, including place of delivery, given that women are not likely to be autonomous agents within the household. This paper sought to explore whether greater female autonomy in Honduras, as measured by household decision-making power, is associated with childbirth in a health facility. Using data from the 2005-2006 Honduras Demographic and Health Survey, binary logistic regression examined the influence and associations of four independent decision-making variables on the outcome measure of facility delivery. Unadjusted ORs from the bivariate analyses were significantly (p<.05) and positively associated with a facility delivery for each of the four decision-making variables. A multivariate analysis was used to control for the influence of place of residence, relative to a woman’s final say on household purchases for daily needs, on her delivery location. Results of the multivariate analysis indicate that both rural/urban residence and autonomy are significantly associated (p<.05) with delivery location. The secondary data analysis suggests that women with high autonomy have higher odds of a facility delivery than women with low autonomy, relative to all four areas of household decision-making, while both urban/rural residence and autonomy are also significantly associated with delivery location. The paper highlights specific pathways by which female autonomy might improve maternal health outcomes in Honduras, while underscoring the need to prioritize gender in future interventions to expand access to facility delivery.
Times Mirror Poll # 1993-NII1293: December News Interest Index
Creators: name: Times Mirror Center For The People & The Press
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2006

description: President Bill Clinton job performance (1); most important problem facing the country (1); re-election of Bill Clinton (1); attention to news (3); press job performance (2); Democratic vs. Republican Party (2); most important thing Bill Clinton has achieved (1); Hilary Clinton job performance (1); financial situation (1); Clinton economic plan (1); NAFTA agreement (1); crime reduction (1); control and sale of handguns (2); health care reform (9); impression of Bill Clinton (1).
Times Mirror Poll # USTM1993-PS0593A: Radio Talk Shows
Creators: name: Times Mirror Center For The People & The Press
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2009

description: Bill Clinton job performance (1); direction of country (1); problems in country (14); political parties handling problems (1); Clinton economic plan (1); opinion of programs and proposals (8); frequent news interest (14); radio talk shows (11); most often listened to radio talk show (6); opinion of people and organizations (16); Clinton administration (17); receiving information on Clinton (1); opinion of certain things (14); voter registration (1); voter interest and involvement (1); political involvement (15); opinion on certain statements (14).
Simulating charge transport to understand the spectral response of Swept Charge Devices
Creators: name: Athiray, P. S.
name: Sreekumar, P.
name: Narendranath, S.
name: Gow, J. P. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Swept Charge Devices (SCD) are novel X-ray detectors optimized for improved spectral performance without any demand for active cooling. The Chandrayaan-1 X-ray Spectrometer (C1XS) experiment onboard the Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft used an array of SCDs to map the global surface elemental abundances on the Moon using the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technique. The successful demonstration of SCDs in C1XS spurred an enhanced version of the spectrometer on Chandrayaan-2 using the next-generation SCD sensors. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate validation of a physical model developed to simulate X-ray photon interaction and charge transportation in a SCD. The model helps to understand and identify the origin of individual components that collectively contribute to the energy-dependent spectral response of the SCD. Furthermore, the model provides completeness to various calibration tasks, such as generating spectral response matrices (RMFs - redistribution matrix files), estimating efficiency, optimizing event selection logic, and maximizing event recovery to improve photon-collection efficiency in SCDs. We compare simulation results of the SCD CCD54 with measurements obtained during the ground calibration of C1XS and clearly demonstrate that our model reproduces all the major spectral features seen in calibration data. We also describe our understanding of interactions at different layers of SCD that contribute to the observed spectrum. Using simulation results, we identify the origin of different spectral features and quantify their contributions.
description: 8 pages, 14 figures, Accepted for publication in A&A
Virtual reality in the management of stress and anxiety disorders: A retrospective analysis of 61 people treated in the metaverse
Creators: name: Orr, Eran
name: Arbel, Tal
name: Levy, Miki
name: Sela, Yaron
name: Weissberger, Omer
name: Liran, Omer
name: Lewis, Jeremy
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 3202
subject: Clinical sciences

description: Mental health is the second largest group of health disorders associated with prolonged disability. Treating conditions such as stress and anxiety are a global health challenge due to inadequate funding and resources. Therefore, providing virtual treatment in the metaverse may provide a novel method of treatment for these conditions. We conducted a retrospective analysis of health records of people experiencing stress and anxiety who were treated principally in the metaverse using virtual reality. The main objective was to determine if virtual mental health treatment was achievable and safe, with measurable outcomes repeated at multiple time points. Here, 61 par?ticipants health records were evaluated (50% were female, 19% male, 31% identified as other). The cohort was 45.7 ± 15.7 years of age and reported no adverse effects with outcomes measured. Specifically, anxiety (via Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale) decreased by 34% (p = 0.002) and stress (via Perceived Stress Scale) decreased by 32% (p < 0.001) after virtual intervention. The data suggests that this method of treatment was feasible, safe, and outcomes were obtainable over a range of time points. This early data suggest that management in the metaverse for these conditions may be beneficial, however, further prospective studies are necessary to better understand these clinical findings.
Algebraic Central Limit Theorems: A Personal View on One of Wilhelm's Legacies -- To the Memory of Wilhelm von Waldenfels
Creators: name: Skeide, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Bringing forward the concept of convergence in moments from classical random variables to quantum random variables is what leads to what can be called algebraic central limit theorem for (classical and) quantum random variables. I reflect in a very personal way how such an idea is typical for the spirit of doing research in mathematics as I learned it in Wilhelm von Waldenfels's research group in Heidelberg.
description: 20 pages; contribution to the IDAQP special issue dedicated to the commemoration of Robin Hudson and Wilhelm von Waldenfels; to appear in IDAQP. (This revision: Corrected an awful lot of typos.)
Maternal Child Health Facility in Dandora Slums, Nairobi, Kenya: The Need
Creators: name: Ndirangu, Wacu
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: This paper offers a different perspective towards addressing the increasing infant and maternal mortality rates among the slum dwellers; the perspective of those afflicted. Through participant observation, crucial information on mothers' experiences, attitudes and expectations during pregnancy and child birth were obtained. Specifically, 38 mothers were strategically interacted with at different clinic days in a period of 6 weeks. This prevented the observer from being identified as an outsider, community trust is essential for this particular setting. Mothers were comfortable interacting in the native Swahili dialect, they responded in Swahili even when English was intentionally used by the observer. They communicated openly and were guided to share experiences specific on maternal child health amongst one another. This paper centers on and contains their narratives. In addition, this report provides information on care delivery from caregivers based in maternal child health centers within Dandora as well as those based in the referral centers mainly located outside of Dandora. Key words: maternal child health, care delivery, Dandora, slums, participant observation, infant and maternal mortality, informal settlement, fertility rate
Molecular dynamics simulations of the affinity of chitin and chitosan for collagen: the effect of pH and the presence of sodium and calcium cations
Creators: name: Przybyłek, Maciej
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 340701
subject: Computational chemistry
classificationCode: 340799
subject: Theoretical and computational chemistry not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 340302
subject: Macromolecular materials
classificationCode: 340305
subject: Physical properties of materials
classificationCode: 340307
subject: Structure and dynamics of materials
classificationCode: 340309
subject: Theory and design of materials

description: Chitosan and chitin are promising biopolymers used in many areas including biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering and viscosupplementation. Chitosan shares similar properties with hyaluronan, a natural component of synovial fluid, making it a good candidate for joint disease treatment. The structural and energetic consequences of intermolecular interactions are crucial for understanding the biolubrication phenomenon and other important biomedical features. However, the properties of biopolymers, including their complexation abilities, are influenced by the nature of the aqueous medium with which they interact. In this study, we employed molecular dynamics simulations to describe the effect of pH and the presence of sodium and calcium cations on the stability of molecular complexes formed by collagen type II with chitin and chitosan oligosaccharides. Based on Gibbs free energy of binding, all considered complexes are thermodynamically stable over the entire pH range. The affinity between chitosan oligosaccharide and collagen is highly influenced by pH, while oligomeric chitin shows no pH-dependent effect on the stability of molecular assemblies with collagen. On the other hand, the presence of sodium and calcium cations has a negligible effect on the affinity of chitin and chitosan for collagen.
MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS OF THE AFFINITY OF CHITIN AND CHITOSAN FOR COLLAGEN: THE EFFECT OF pH AND THE PRESENCE OF SODIUM AND CALCIUM CATIONS
Creators: name: Przybyłek, Maciej
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 340701
subject: Computational chemistry
classificationCode: 340799
subject: Theoretical and computational chemistry not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 340302
subject: Macromolecular materials
classificationCode: 340305
subject: Physical properties of materials
classificationCode: 340307
subject: Structure and dynamics of materials
classificationCode: 340309
subject: Theory and design of materials

description: Chitosan and chitin are promising biopolymers used in many areas including biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering and viscosupplementation. Chitosan shares similar properties with hyaluronan, a natural component of synovial fluid, making it a good candidate for joint disease treatment. The structural and energetic consequences of intermolecular interactions are crucial for understanding the biolubrication phenomenon and other important biomedical features. However, the properties of biopolymers, including their complexation abilities, are influenced by the nature of the aqueous medium with which they interact. In this study, we employed molecular dynamics simulations to describe the effect of pH and the presence of sodium and calcium cations on the stability of molecular complexes formed by collagen type II with chitin and chitosan oligosaccharides. Based on Gibbs free energy of binding, all considered complexes are thermodynamically stable over the entire pH range. The affinity between chitosan oligosaccharide and collagen is highly influenced by pH, while oligomeric chitin shows no pH-dependent effect on the stability of molecular assemblies with collagen. On the other hand, the presence of sodium and calcium cations has a negligible effect on the affinity of chitin and chitosan for collagen.
A Comment on Loop Corrections to the Celestial Stress Tensor
Creators: name: Pasterski, Sabrina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this note we show how the 1-loop exact correction to the subleading soft graviton theorem arising from IR divergences of scattering amplitudes matches onto the quadratic corrections to the soft charges computed from the BMS flux algebra. In the process, we examine how the BMS flux construction extends the celestial diamond framework to non-linear order and non-trivial vacua, and provides the natural symmetry generators for Celestial CFT.
description: 15 pages
Behavior in Reverse: Reasons for Return Migration
Creators: name: Stark, Oded
Publisher: name: Universität Tübingen
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Economics
subject: 330
subject: Reasons for return migration

description: Received research shows numerous motives for migration, but fewer reasons for return migration. This paper aims to correct this imbalance. Twelve reasons for return migration are presented and discussed briefly. The reasons listed are derived from research on migration conducted by the author in the course of the past three and a half decades. The purpose of the paper is to pull together the insights gained from that research so as to formulate a base for future inquiry, both analytical and empirical. In addition, just as research on motives for migration can help to establish the reasons for return migration, research on the latter can help to deepen understanding of the former. Moreover, in a great many circumstances and for a variety of reasons, countries that host migrants may want them to leave. In such circumstances, enacting policies that align with motives for return migration will be more efficient than devising measures that are independent of these motives.
Quantum field theoretic representation of Wilson surfaces: II higher topological coadjoint orbit model
Creators: name: Zucchini, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 81T20 81T45 53Z05

description: This is the second of a series of two papers devoted to the partition function realization of Wilson surfaces in strict higher gauge theory. A higher 2--dimensional counterpart of the topological coadjoint orbit quantum mechanical model computing Wilson lines is presented based on the derived geometric framework, which has shown its usefulness in 4--dimensional higher Chern--Simons theory. Its symmetries are described. Its quantization is analyzed in the functional integral framework. Strong evidence is provided that the model does indeed underlie the partition function realization of Wilson surfaces. The emergence of the vanishing fake curvature condition is explained and homotopy invariance for a flat higher gauge field is shown. The model's Hamiltonian formulation is further furnished highlighting the model's close relationship to the derived Kirillov-Kostant-Souriau theory developed in the companion paper.
description: 84 pages, no figures. Typos corrected. Several important remarks added
title: Second look image guided biopsies in inaccessible head and neck lesions.
Creators: name: Raghavan, Bagyam
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cancer
subject: Cost-effectiveness
subject: Biopsy
subject: Ultrasound
subject: CT
subject: Ear / Nose / Throat

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: The purpose of the exhibit is to illustrate the role of second look image guided biopsy in head and neck lesions. To assess the feasibility ofimage guidedcore biopsy inhead and neck lesions. To assess the role ofimage guidedcore biopsy inhead and...
Direct surface charging and alkali-metal doping for tuning the interlayer magnetic order in planar nanostructures
Creators: name: Dasa, Tamene R.
name: Stepanyuk, Valeri S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The continuous reduction of magnetic units to ultra small length scales inspires efforts to look for a suitable means of controlling magnetic states. In this study we show two surface charge alteration techniques for tuning the interlayer exchange coupling (IEC) of ferromagnetic layers separated by paramagnetic spacers. Our study reveals that already a modest amount of extra charge can switch the mutual alignment of the magnetization from anti-ferromagnetic to ferromagnetic or vice verse. We also propose adsorption of alkali metals as an alternative way of varying the electronic and chemical properties of magnetic surfaces. Clear evidence is found that the interlayer magnetic order can be reversed by adsorbing alkali metals on the magnetic layer. Moreover, alkali metal overlayers strongly enhance the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in FePt thin films. These findings combined with atomistic spin model calculations suggest that electronic or ionic way of surface charging can have a crucial role for magnetic hardening and spin state control.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
Core Competencies for Drug Safety/Pharmacovigilance Professionals
Creators: name: King, Esther
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Drug safety and pharmacovigilance have been brought to scrutiny of the public eye via the media through many recent marketed drug recalls and congressional hearings involving the Food and Drug Administration. There is currently no formal education program, no professional certification and no list of core competencies for drug safety professionals in the US. This paper will review the literature of the science of drug safety, the current regulatory climate of drug safety and also examine the current resources for drug safety professionals to continue their education. This paper provides recommendations for a core set of competencies for drug safety professionals.
title: Radiation Dose Awareness amongst Postgraduate Doctors in Training
Creators: name: Raja, Usman
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Toxicity
subject: Quality assurance
subject: Biological effects
subject: eLearning
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Fluoroscopy
subject: CT
subject: Radioprotection / Radiation dose
subject: Professional issues

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the awareness of radiation doses amongst postgraduate doctors in training, following the introduction of mandatory training. In addition, we assessed their understanding of other important aspects of radiological...