cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Selection of peptides that functionally replace a zinc finger in the Sp1 transcription factor by using a yeast combinatorial library
Creators: name: Cheng, X.
name: Juliano, R. L.
name: Boyer, J. L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1997

description: We have developed a strategy for the identification of peptides able to functionally replace a zinc finger domain in a transcription factor. This strategy could have important ramifications for basic research on gene regulation and for the development of therapeutic agents. In this study in yeast, we expressed chimeric proteins that included a random peptide combinatorial library in association with two zinc finger domains and a transactivating domain. The library was screened for chimeric proteins capable of activating transcription from a target sequence in the upstream regulatory regions of selectable or reporter genes. In a screen of approximately 1.5 × 107 transformants we identified 30 chimeric proteins that exhibited transcriptional activation, some of which were able to discriminate between wild-type and mutant DNA targets. Chimeric library proteins expressed as glutathione S-transferase fusions bound to double-stranded oligonucleotides containing the target sequence, suggesting that the chimeras bind directly to DNA. Surprisingly, none of the peptides identified resembled a zinc finger or other well-known transcription factor DNA binding domain.
Soviet union’s Japan: Nihonjinron in the era of late socialism
Creators: name: Bukh, Alexander
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: This article focuses on the Soviet strand of nihonjinron, or the theory of Japaneseness, which gained popularity in USSR in the 1970s–1980s. Its purpose is twofold. The first is to contribute to the literature on Soviet perceptions of Japan by critically examining the overwhelmingly popular essentialist discourse on Japan’s culture and national character. The second goal is to contribute to the literature on nihonjinron which so far has focused mostly on Japan and the Anglophone countries. By critically analyzing the role of this construct in the Soviet discursive space during the period of late socialism, I argue that it was fundamentally different from the one it performed in Japan or the West in terms of its relationship to the hegemonic discourse. In the case of the Soviet Union, this article argues, the narrative on Japan’s unique culture existed simultaneously both inside the hegemonic discourse and outside of it, creating a deterritorialized space. Along with other, similar spaces, nihonjinron exposed the incongruities of the Soviet system and made its collapse completely natural to the Soviet people.
Generalized Color Codes Supporting Non-Abelian Anyons
Creators: name: Brell, Courtney G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a generalization of the color codes based on finite groups $G$. For non-abelian groups, the resulting model supports non-abelian anyonic quasiparticles and topological order. We examine the properties of these models such as their relationship to Kitaev quantum double models, quasiparticle spectrum, and boundary structure.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures; references added, typos removed
The discovery of 12β-methyl-17-epi-18-nor-bile acids as potent and selective TGR5 agonists
Creators: name: Luxenburger, Andreas
name: Harris, Lawrence
name: Ure, EM
name: Jiao, Wanting
name: Woolhouse, AD
name: Cameron, Scott
name: Weymouth-Wilson, A
name: Furneaux, Richard
name: Pitman, Janet
name: Hinkley, Simon
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 30499 Medicinal and Biomolecular Chemistry not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 111599 Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Organic Chemistry

description: Recent discoveries have demonstrated that the physiological function of bile acids extends to the regulation of diverse signaling processes through interactions with nuclear and G protein-coupled receptors, most notably the Farnesoid-X nuclear receptor (FXR) and the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1, also known as TGR5). Targeting such signaling pathways pharmacologically, i.e. with bile acid-derived therapeutics, presents great potential for the treatment of various metabolic, inflammatory immune, liver, and neurodegenerative diseases. Here we report the discovery of two potent and selective TGR5 agonists (NZP196 and 917). These compounds are the taurine conjugates of 6α-ethyl-substituted 12β-methyl-18-nor-bile acids with the side chain being located on the α-face of the steroid scaffold. The compounds emerged from a screening effort of a diverse library of 12β-methyl-18-nor-bile acids that were synthesized from 12β-methyl-18-nor-chenodeoxycholic acid and its C17-epimer. Upon testing for FXR activity, both compounds were found to be inactive, thus revealing selectivity for TGR5.
Magnetorotational instability in decretion disks of critically rotating stars and the outer structure of Be and Be/X-ray disks
Creators: name: Krticka, Jiri
name: Kurfurst, Petr
name: Krtickova, Iva
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Evolutionary models of fast-rotating stars show that the stellar rotational velocity may approach the critical speed. Critically rotating stars cannot spin up more, therefore they lose their excess angular momentum through an equatorial outflowing disk. The radial extension of such disks is unknown, partly because we lack information about the radial variations of the viscosity. We study the magnetorotational instability, which is considered to be the origin of anomalous viscosity in outflowing disks. We used analytic calculations to study the stability of outflowing disks submerged in the magnetic field. The magnetorotational instability develops close to the star if the plasma parameter is large enough. At large radii the instability disappears in the region where the disk orbital velocity is roughly equal to the sound speed. The magnetorotational instability is a plausible source of anomalous viscosity in outflowing disks. This is also true in the region where the disk radial velocity approaches the sound speed. The disk sonic radius can therefore be roughly considered as an effective outer disk radius, although disk material may escape from the star to the insterstellar medium. The radial profile of the angular momentum-loss rate already flattens there, consequently, the disk mass-loss rate can be calculated with the sonic radius as the effective disk outer radius. We discuss a possible observation determination of the outer disk radius by using Be and Be/X-ray binaries.
description: 8 pages, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Ising Model on a random network with annealed or quenched disorder
Creators: name: Malmi-Kakkada, Abdul N.
name: Valls, Oriol T.
name: Dasgupta, Chandan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the equilibrium properties of an Ising model on a disordered random network where the disorder can be quenched or annealed. The network consists of four-fold coordinated sites connected via variable length one-dimensional chains. Our emphasis is on nonuniversal properties and we consider the transition temperature and other equilibrium thermodynamic properties, including those associated with one dimensional fluctuations arising from the chains. We use analytic methods in the annealed case, and a Monte Carlo simulation for the quenched disorder. Our objective is to study the difference between quenched and annealed results with a broad random distribution of interaction parameters. The former represents a situation where the time scale associated with the randomness is very long and the corresponding degrees of freedom can be viewed as frozen, while the annealed case models the situation where this is not so. We find that the transition temperature and the entropy associated with one dimensional fluctuations are always higher for quenched disorder than in the annealed case. These differences increase with the strength of the disorder up to a saturating value. We discuss our results in connection to physical systems where a broad distribution of interaction strengths is present.
description: 11 pages including 9 figures. To appear in Phys. Rev. B
Frauen in den Weltreligionen
Creators: name: Wacker, Marie-Theres
name: Birke-Bugiel, Franziska
name: Harbecke, Heike
name: Perillo, Jesse
Publisher: name: Concilium
Year: 1970

description: Concilium, Bd. 42 Nr. 3 (2006): Concilium: Internationale Zeitschrift für Theologie, Band 42, Heft 3
Technology for adolescent mental health: scaling up psychological interventions
Creators: name: Fleming, Theresa
name: Stasiak, K
name: Merry, S
name: Lucassen, M
name: Pine, R
name: Donkin, L
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: No description supplied
Sequence requirements of the HIV-1 protease flap region determined by saturation mutagenesis and kinetic analysis of flap mutants
Creators: name: Shao, W.
name: Manchester, M.
name: Everitt, L.
name: Swanstrom, R.
name: Hutchison, C. A.
name: Loeb, D. D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1997

description: The retroviral proteases (PRs) have a structural feature called the flap, which consists of a short antiparallel β-sheet with a turn. The flap extends over the substrate binding cleft and must be flexible to allow entry and exit of the polypeptide substrates and products. We analyzed the sequence requirements of the amino acids within the flap region (positions 46–56) of the HIV-1 PR. The phenotypes of 131 substitution mutants were determined using a bacterial expression system. Four of the mutant PRs with mutations in different regions of the flap were selected for kinetic analysis. Our phenotypic analysis, considered in the context of published structures of the HIV-1 PR with a bound substrate analogs, shows that: (i) Met-46 and Phe-53 participate in hydrophobic interactions on the solvent-exposed face of the flap; (ii) Ile-47, Ile-54, and Val-56 participate in hydrophobic interactions on the inner face of the flap; (iii) Ile-50 has hydrophobic interactions at the distance of both the δ and γ carbons; (iv) the three glycine residues in the β-turn of the flap are virtually intolerant of substitutions. Among these mutant PRs, we have identified changes in both kcat and Km. These results establish the nature of the side chain requirements at each position in the flap and document a role for the flap in both substrate binding and catalysis.
Additional file 1 of Deconcentrating regulation in low- and middle-income country health systems: a proposed ambidextrous solution to problems with professional regulation for doctors and nurses in Kenya and Uganda
Creators: name: McGivern, Gerry
name: Wafula, Francis
name: Seruwagi, Gloria
name: Kiefer, Tina
name: Musiega, Anita
name: Nakidde, Catherine
name: Ogira, Dosila
name: Gill, Mike
name: English, Mike
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary Appendices.
Severe reduction in leukocyte adhesion and monocyte extravasation in mice deficient in CC chemokine receptor 2
Creators: name: Griffin, S.
name: Maeda, N.
name: Smithies, O.
name: Ley, K.
name: Morgan, S. J.
name: Kuziel, W. A.
name: Dawson, T. C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1997

description: CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) is a prominent receptor for the monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP) group of CC chemokines. Mice generated by gene targeting to lack CCR2 exhibit normal leukocyte rolling but have a pronounced defect in MCP-1-induced leukocyte firm adhesion to microvascular endothelium and reduced leukocyte extravasation. Constitutive macrophage trafficking into the peritoneal cavity was not significantly different between CCR2-deficient and wild-type mice. However, after intraperitoneal thioglycollate injection, the number of peritoneal macrophages in CCR2-deficient mice did not rise above basal levels, whereas in wild-type mice the number of macrophages at 36 h was ≈3.5 times the basal level. The CCR2-deficient mice showed enhanced early accumulation and delayed clearance of neutrophils and eosinophils. However, by 5 days neutrophils and eosinophils in both CCR2-deficient and wild-type mice had returned to near basal levels, indicating that resolution of this inflammatory response can occur in the absence of macrophage influx and CCR2-mediated activation of the resident peritoneal macrophages. After intravenous injection with yeast β-glucan, wild-type mice formed numerous large, well-defined granulomas throughout the liver parenchyma, whereas CCR2-deficient mice had much fewer and smaller granulomas. These results demonstrate that CCR2 is a major regulator of induced macrophage trafficking in vivo.
Trajectory of DNA in the RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex
Creators: name: Griffith, J. D.
name: Wang, Y.-H.
name: Lagrange, T.
name: Ebright, R. H.
name: Kim, T.-K.
name: Reinberg, D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1997

description: By using site-specific protein-DNA photocrosslinking, we define the positions of TATA-binding protein, transcription factor IIB, transcription factor IIF, and subunits of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) relative to promoter DNA within the human transcription preinitiation complex. The results indicate that the interface between the largest and second-largest subunits of RNAPII forms an extended, ≈240 Å channel that interacts with promoter DNA both upstream and downstream of the transcription start. By using electron microscopy, we show that RNAPII compacts promoter DNA by the equivalent of ≈50 bp. Together with the published structure of RNAPII, the results indicate that RNAPII wraps DNA around its surface and suggest a specific model for the trajectory of the wrapped DNA.
Geometric and compositional influences on spin-orbit induced circulating currents in nanostructures
Creators: name: van Bree, J.
name: Silov, A. Yu.
name: Koenraad, P. M.
name: Flatté, M. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Circulating orbital currents, originating from the spin-orbit interaction, are calculated for semiconductor nanostructures in the shape of spheres, disks, spherical shells and rings for the electron ground state with spin oriented along a symmetry axis. The currents and resulting orbital and spin magnetic moments, which combine to yield the effective electron g factor, are calculated using a recently introduced formalism that allows the relative contributions of different regions of the nanostructure to be identified. For all these spherically or cylindrically symmetric hollow or solid nanostructures, independent of material composition and whether the boundary conditions are hard or soft, the dominant orbital current originates from intermixing of valence band states in the electron ground state, circulates within the nanostructure, and peaks approximately halfway between the center and edge of the nanostructure in the plane perpendicular to the spin orientation. For a specific material composition and confinement character, the confinement energy and orbital moment are determined by a single size-dependent parameter for spherically symmetrical nanostructures, whereas they can be independently tuned for cylindrically symmetric nanostructures.
description: 22 pages, 20 figures
Going viral: A science communication collaboration in the era of COVID-19 and social media
Creators: name: Wiles, Siouxsie
name: Morris, Toby
name: Priestley, Rebecca
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: On 9 March 2020, 2 days before the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic, two of the authors (microbiologist and infectious diseases expert Associate Professor Siouxsie Wiles and cartoonist Toby Morris) released their first output together: an animated GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) known as “Flatten the Curve”. The graphic went viral on Twitter with over 10 million impressions in 3 days. Flatten the Curve was the first of more than 70 graphics produced by our collaboration, all designed as accessible visual communication about COVID-19. The graphics, all released under a Creative Commons CC-BY-SA-4.0 license, have been translated into multiple languages, used by communities, politicians, and public health officials around the world, and the collaborators have won multiple awards for their work.
Several Multiplexes in the same City: The role of wealth differences in urban mobility
Creators: name: Lotero, Laura
name: Cardillo, Alessio
name: Hurtado, Rafael
name: Gómez-Gardeñes, Jesús
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we analyze the architecture of real urban mobility networks from the multiplex perspective. In particular, based on empirical data about the mobility patterns in the cities of Bogotá and Medell\'ın, each city is represented by six multiplex networks, each one representing the origin-destination trips performed by a subset of the population corresponding to a particular socioeconomic status. The nodes of each multiplex are the different urban locations whereas links represent the existence of a trip from one node (origin) to another (destination). On the other hand, the different layers of each multiplex correspond to the different existing transportation modes. By exploiting the characterization of multiplex transportation networks combining different transportation modes, we aim at characterizing the mobility patterns of each subset of the population. Our results show that the socioeconomic characteristics of the population have an extraordinary impact in the layer organization of these multiplex systems.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures, 1 table. Updated main text, Submitted for publication
Die Stimmen der Frauen und die feministische Theologie
Creators: name: Haker, Hille
name: Ross, Susan A.
name: Wacker, Marie-Theres
Publisher: name: Concilium
Year: 1970

description: Concilium, Bd. 42 Nr. 3 (2006): Concilium: Internationale Zeitschrift für Theologie, Band 42, Heft 3
Two active states of the Ras-related Bud1/Rsr1 protein bind to different effectors to determine yeast cell polarity
Creators: name: Pringle, J. R.
name: Bi, E.
name: Park, H.-O.
name: Herskowitz, I.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1997

description: Cells of budding yeast organize their cytoskeleton in a highly polarized manner during vegetative growth. Selection of a site for polarization requires a group of proteins including a Ras-like GTPase, Bud1, and its regulators. Another group of proteins, which includes a Rho-like GTPase (Cdc42), its guanine nucleotide exchange factor (Cdc24), and Bem1, is necessary for organization of the actin cytoskeleton and for cell polarization. We have proposed previously that the Bud1 protein, through its GTPase cycle, determines the localization of one or more of the cell polarity proteins to the bud site. Herein we demonstrate that Bud1 directly interacts with Cdc24 and Bem1: Bud1 in its GTP-bound form associates preferentially with Cdc24, whereas the GDP-bound form of Bud1 associates with Bem1. We also present subcellular fractionation data for Bud1 that is consistent with the idea that Bud1 can travel between the site for budding on the plasma membrane and the cytosol. We propose that Bud1 can exist in two active states for association with different partners and that the switch from Bud1–GTP to Bud1–GDP provides a regulatory device for ordered assembly of a macromolecular complex at the bud site.
UDP activates a mucosal-restricted receptor on human nasal epithelial cells that is distinct from the P2Y2 receptor
Creators: name: Harden, T. K.
name: Boucher, R. C.
name: Watt, W. C.
name: Paradiso, A. M.
name: Lazarowski, E. R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1997

description: The presence of the P2Y2 (P2U-purinergic) receptor on the apical surface of airway tissue raises the possibility that aerosolized UTP might be used therapeutically to induce Cl− secretion in individuals with cystic fibrosis. However, the duration of the effects of UTP may be limited by enzymatic degradation. We therefore have analyzed the metabolism of UTP and its metabolite UDP on polarized human nasal epithelium (HNE), and have compared the pharmacological activities of these two uridine nucleotides. HPLC analysis of medium bathing the mucosal surface of HNE cells revealed the presence of an ecto-nucleotidase(s) that hydrolyzed [3H]UTP and [3H]UDP with t½ values (at 1 μM nucleotide) of 14 and 27 min, respectively. An ecto-nucleoside diphosphokinase activity also was observed, which promoted conversion of [3H]UDP into [3H]UTP in the presence of ATP. The effects of UDP on [3H]inositol phosphate accumulation, intracellular calcium levels ([Ca2+]i), and Cl− secretory rates (ICl−) were quantitated in HNE cells in the presence of hexokinase and glucose to ensure that no UTP (or ATP) contaminated UDP solutions during the assays. Although UDP does not activate the human P2Y2 receptor, mucosal addition of UDP promoted [3H]inositol phosphate accumulation with an EC50 of 190 nM. Mucosal addition of UTP stimulated [3H]inositol phosphate accumulation with an EC50 of 280 nM. The maximal effects of mucosal UDP on [3H]inositol phosphate, [Ca2+]i, and ICl− responses were approximately one-half of those observed with mucosal UTP. Serosal application of UTP promoted a 50% greater [3H]inositol phosphate and calcium response than did mucosal application of UTP. In contrast, UDP had no effect when added to the serosal medium. Repetitive mucosal applications of UDP to HNE cells resulted in a progressive loss, i.e., desensitization, of the [Ca2+]i and ICl− response to UDP, whereas the corresponding responses to UTP remained unchanged. Our results provide evidence for the existence of a UDP receptor on HNE cells that is pharmacologically distinct from the P2Y2 receptor. The relative stability of UDP on the airway surface and the apparent predominant mucosal expression of this putative UDP receptor make it a potential target for cystic fibrosis treatment.
Acetylation at Lys-92 enhances signaling by the chemotaxis response regulator protein CheY
Creators: name: Bourret, R. B.
name: Schuster, M.
name: Ramakrishnan, R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1998

description: When Escherichia coli cells lacking all chemotaxis proteins except the response regulator CheY are exposed to acetate, clockwise flagellar rotation results, indicating the acetate stimulus has activated signaling by CheY. Acetate can be converted to acetyl-CoA by either of two different metabolic pathways, which proceed through acetyl phosphate or acetyl-AMP intermediates. In turn, CheY can be covalently modified by either intermediate in vitro, leading to phosphorylation or acetylation, respectively. Either pathway is sufficient to support the CheY-mediated response to acetate in vivo. Whereas phosphorylation of Asp-57 is a recognized mechanism for activation of CheY to stimulate clockwise flagellar rotation, acetylation of CheY is less well characterized. We found evidence for multiple CheY acetylation sites by mass spectrometry and directly identified Lys-92 and Lys-109 as acetylation sites by Edman degradation of peptides from [14C]acetate-labeled CheY. Replacement of CheY Lys-92, the preferred acetylation site, with Arg has little effect on chemotaxis but completely prevents the response to acetate via the acetyl-AMP pathway. Thus acetylation of Lys-92 activates clockwise signaling by CheY in vivo. The mechanism by which acetylation activates CheY apparently is not simple charge neutralization, nor does it involve enhanced binding to the FliM flagellar switch protein. Thus acetylation probably affects signal generation by CheY at a step after switch binding.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme and male fertility
Creators: name: O'Brien, D. A.
name: Hagaman, J. R.
name: Sibony, M.
name: Krege, J. H.
name: Moyer, J. S.
name: Magyar, P. L.
name: Smithies, O.
name: Welch, J. E.
name: Bachman, E. S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1998

description: The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE; EC 3.4.15.1) gene (Ace) encodes both a somatic isozyme found in blood and several other tissues, including the epididymis, and a testis-specific isozyme (testis ACE) found only in developing spermatids and mature sperm. We recently used gene targeting to disrupt the gene coding for both ACE isozymes in mice and reported that male homozygous mutants mate normally but have reduced fertility; the mutant females are fertile. Here we explore the male fertility defect. We demonstrate that ACE is important for achieving in vivo fertilization and that sperm from mice lacking both ACE isozymes show defects in transport within the oviducts and in binding to zonae pellucidae. Males generated by gene targeting that lack somatic ACE but retain testis ACE are normally fertile, establishing that somatic ACE in males is not essential for their fertility. Furthermore, male and female mice lacking angiotensinogen have normal fertility, indicating that angiotensin I is not a necessary substrate for testis ACE. Males heterozygous for the mutation inactivating both ACE isozymes sire wild-type and heterozygous offspring at an indistinguishable frequency, indicating no selection against sperm carrying the mutation.
Assembly, subunit composition, and footprint of human DNA repair excision nuclease
Creators: name: Sancar, A.
name: Wakasugi, M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1998

description: The assembly and composition of human excision nuclease were investigated by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and DNase I footprinting. Individual repair factors or any combination of up to four repair factors failed to form DNA–protein complexes of high specificity and stability. A stable complex of high specificity can be detected only when XPA/RPA, transcription factor IIH, XPC⋅HHR23B, and XPG and ATP are present in the reaction mixture. The XPF⋅ERCC1 heterodimer changes the electrophoretic mobility of the DNA–protein complex formed with the other five repair factors, but it does not confer additional specificity. By using proteins with peptide tags or antibodies to the repair factors in electrophoretic mobility shift assays, it was found that XPA, replication protein A, transcription factor IIH, XPG, and XPF⋅excision repair cross-complementing 1 but not XPC⋅HHR23B were present in the penultimate and ultimate dual incision complexes. Thus, it appears that XPC⋅HHR23B is a molecular matchmaker that participates in the assembly of the excision nuclease but is not present in the ultimate dual incision complex. The excision nuclease makes an assymmetric DNase I footprint of ≈30 bp around the damage and increases the DNase I sensitivity of the DNA on both sides of the footprint.
title: Effectiveness of local government actions targeting physical activity, sedentary behaviour, dietary behaviour and breastfeeding: a scoping review
Creators: name: Guariguata, Leonor
name: Van Kerckhove, Jessie
name: Vandevijvere, Stefanie
name: Van Assche, Lara Lamberts-
name: Verloigne, Maïté
name: Hermans, Lize
name: Braekman, Elise
name: D'Hooghe, Suzannah
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration
subject: Health Policy
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: This is a scoping review, taking a closer look at the evidence available of local governments (in high income countries) who have put in place certain policies aimed at contributing to a healthier diet, physical activity levels, exclusive breastfeeding and reducing sedentary behavior, and which of those are effective.
Quantum optics: Push-button photon entanglement
Creators: name: Lu, Chao-Yang
name: Pan, Jian-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A source of entangled photons that emits one, and only one, pair of photons on demand has now been realized in a semiconductor chip. The solid-state source will be a useful resource for experiments in optical quantum information.
description: News & Views, submitted version
CIITA stimulation of transcription factor binding to major histocompatibility complex class II and associated promoters in vivo
Creators: name: Ting, J. P.- Y.
name: Skinner, C.
name: Wright, K. L.
name: Chin, K.-C.
name: Stark, G. R.
name: Brown, J. A.
name: Boss, J. M.
name: Linhoff, M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1998

description: CIITA is a master transactivator of the major histocompatibility complex class II genes, which are involved in antigen presentation. Defects in CIITA result in fatal immunodeficiencies. CIITA activation is also the control point for the induction of major histocompatibility complex class II and associated genes by interferon-γ, but CIITA does not bind directly to DNA. Expression of CIITA in G3A cells, which lack endogenous CIITA, followed by in vivo genomic footprinting, now reveals that CIITA is required for the assembly of transcription factor complexes on the promoters of this gene family, including DRA, Ii, and DMB. CIITA-dependent promoter assembly occurs in interferon-γ-inducible cell types, but not in B lymphocytes. Dissection of the CIITA protein indicates that transactivation and promoter loading are inseparable and reveal a requirement for a GTP binding motif. These findings suggest that CIITA may be a new class of transactivator.
AC Loss Simulation in HTS Coil Windings Coupled With an Iron Core
Creators: name: Wu, Yue
name: Li, X
name: Badcock, Rodney
name: Long, Nicholas
name: Amemiya, N
name: Fang, J
name: Jiang, Zhenan
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 91299 Materials Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Materials engineering
subject: Condensed Matter Physics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 90699 Electrical and Electronic Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: AC loss generated in Superferric magnets composed of high temperature superconducting (HTS) coil windings and iron cores is one of critical issues for rapid-cycling synchrotrons (RCSs) application. In this work, we carried out 3D FEM AC loss simulations in HTS coil assemblies coupled with an iron core using the T-A homogenization method. The HTS coil assemblies consist of a stack of double pancake coils (DPCs) wound with 4 mm - wide Shanghai Superconductor wires with an average self-field critical current of 192.6 A. The numerical and experimental AC loss results of a DPC (1 DPC) without the iron core were compared to validate the 3D T-A homogenization method. Then, 3D AC loss simulations were carried out on the DPC assemblies with different number of DPCs with/without the iron core to investigate the influence of the iron core and the coil number on AC loss. The iron core causes increase in AC loss values of the DPC assemblies. AC loss increases by a factor of five in the 4 DPC assembly with the iron core compared with that without the iron core. The simulation result in the 4 DPC assembly with the iron core reveals that strong perpendicular magnetic field penetration occurs even in the center DPCs and this explains the substantial AC loss increase in the 4 DPC assembly.
Synonymous mutations reduce genome compactness in icosahedral ssRNA viruses
Creators: name: Tubiana, Luca
name: Božič, Anže Lošdorfer
name: Micheletti, Cristian
name: Podgornik, Rudi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Recent studies have shown that single-stranded viral RNAs fold into more compact structures than random RNA sequences with similar chemical composition and identical length. Based on this comparison it has been suggested that wild-type viral RNA may have evolved to be atypically compact so as to aid its encapsidation and assist the viral assembly process. In order to further explore the compactness selection hypothesis, we systematically compare the predicted sizes of more than one hundred wild-type viral sequences with those of their mutants, which are evolved in silico and subject to a number of known evolutionary constraints. In particular, we enforce mutation synonynimity, preserve the codon-bias, and leave untranslated regions intact. It is found that progressive accumulation of these restricted mutations still suffices to completely erase the characteristic compactness imprint of the viral RNA genomes, making them in this respect physically indistinguishable from randomly shuffled RNAs. This shows that maintaining the physical compactness of the genome is indeed a primary factor among ssRNA viruses evolutionary constraints, contributing also to the evidence that synonymous mutations in viral ssRNA genomes are not strictly neutral.
description: 19 pages, 11 figures
Nonlinear electromagnetic response in quark-gluon plasma
Creators: name: Satow, Daisuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform the first systematic study of the nonlinear electromagnetic currents induced by external electromagnetic field in quark-gluon plasma, both in the two cases that the inhomogeneity of electromagnetic field is small (large) so that the collision effect is important (negligible). In the former case, we list and classify possible components of the currents in a systematic way, and make an order estimate of each component by using the Boltzmann equation in the relaxation time approximation. In the latter case, we explicitly calculate the quadratic current by using the Vlasov equation, and find that the current generated by the chiral magnetic effect and the quadratic current can have the same order of magnitude by using the Kadanoff-Baym equation. We also demonstrate this property by using a possible configuration of electromagnetic field realized in heavy ion collision.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
Expression of a  -adrenergic receptor kinase 1 inhibitor prevents the development of myocardial failure in gene-targeted mice
Creators: name: Hunter, J. J.
name: Lefkowitz, R. J.
name: Choi, D.-J.
name: Chien, K. R.
name: Rockman, H. A.
name: Ross, J.
name: Iaccarino, G.
name: Koch, W. J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1998

description: Heart failure is accompanied by severely impaired β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) function, which includes loss of βAR density and functional uncoupling of remaining receptors. An important mechanism for the rapid desensitization of βAR function is agonist-stimulated receptor phosphorylation by the βAR kinase (βARK1), an enzyme known to be elevated in failing human heart tissue. To investigate whether alterations in βAR function contribute to the development of myocardial failure, transgenic mice with cardiac-restricted overexpression of either a peptide inhibitor of βARK1 or the β2AR were mated into a genetic model of murine heart failure (MLP−/−). In vivo cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography and cardiac catheterization. Both MLP−/− and MLP−/−/β2AR mice had enlarged left ventricular (LV) chambers with significantly reduced fractional shortening and mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening. In contrast, MLP−/−/βARKct mice had normal LV chamber size and function. Basal LV contractility in the MLP−/−/βARKct mice, as measured by LV dP/dtmax, was increased significantly compared with the MLP−/− mice but less than controls. Importantly, heightened βAR desensitization in the MLP−/− mice, measured in vivo (responsiveness to isoproterenol) and in vitro (isoproterenol-stimulated membrane adenylyl cyclase activity), was completely reversed with overexpression of the βARK1 inhibitor. We report here the striking finding that overexpression of this inhibitor prevents the development of cardiomyopathy in this murine model of heart failure. These findings implicate abnormal βAR-G protein coupling in the pathogenesis of the failing heart and point the way toward development of agents to inhibit βARK1 as a novel mode of therapy.
Expression of the Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 induces B cell lymphoma in transgenic mice
Creators: name: Raab-Traub, N.
name: Davenport, E. M.
name: Godfrey, V.
name: Baskar, J. F.
name: Edwards, R. H.
name: Kulwichit, W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1998

description: The latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) of the Epstein–Barr virus has transforming properties in rodent fibroblasts and is expressed in most of the cancers associated with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection including posttransplant lymphomas, Hodgkin’s disease, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and AIDS-related lymphomas. In this study, three lineages of LMP1 transgenic mice were established with LMP1 expressed under the control of the Ig heavy chain promoter and enhancer. Lymphoma developed in all three lineages, and the incidence of lymphoma increased significantly with age with lymphomas developing in 42% of transgenic mice over 18 months. The expression of LMP1 was detected at high levels in the lymphoma tissues but only at trace levels in normal lymphoid tissues. Gene rearrangement of the Ig heavy chain indicated monoclonality or oligoclonality in all lymphomas, some of the lymphoid hyperplastic spleens, and some histologically normal spleens. These data reveal that LMP1, without the expression of other EBV genes, is oncogenic in vivo and indicate that LMP1 is a major contributing factor to the development of EBV-associated lymphomas.
Additional file 1 of Study protocol: fish oil supplement in prevention of oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy in adjuvant colorectal cancer patients – a randomized controlled trial. (OxaNeuro)
Creators: name: Gehr, Nina Lykkegaard
name: Karlsson, Páll
name: Timm, Signe
name: Christensen, Signe
name: Hvid, Christian Andreas
name: Peric, Jana
name: Hansen, Torben Frøstrup
name: Lauritzen, Lotte
name: Finnerup, Nanna Brix
name: Ventzel, Lise
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Overview of trial outcomes in the OxaNeuro project. Supplementary Table 2. Overview of blood samples and preparation. Supplementary Table 3. Appendix 3 Overview of skin biopsies. Supplementary Table 4. List of trial sites. Supplementary Table 5. World Health Organization Trial Registration Data Set.
Polymer segregation under confinement: Free energy calculations and segregation dynamics simulations
Creators: name: Polson, James M.
name: Montgomery, Logan G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Monte Carlo simulations are used to study the behavior of two polymers under confinement in a cylindrical tube. Each polymer is modeled as a chain of hard spheres. We measure the free energy of the system, F, as a function of the distance between the centers of mass of the polymers, lambda, and examine the effects on the free energy functions of varying the channel diameter D and length L, as well as the polymer length N and bending rigidity, kappa. For infinitely long cylinders, F is a maximum at lambda=0, and decreases with lambda until the polymers are no longer in contact. For flexible chains, the polymers overlap along the cylinder for low lambda, while above some critical value of lambda they are longitudinally compressed and non-overlapping while still in contact. We find that the free energy barrier height, scales as Delta F/k_BT~ND^{-1.93+/-0.01}. In addition, the overlap free energy scales as F/k_BT=Nf(lambda/N;D), where f is a function parameterized by D. For channels of finite L, the free energy barrier height increases with increasing confinement aspect ratio L/D at fixed volume fraction phi, and it decreases with increasing phi at fixed L/D. Increasing the polymer bending rigidity kappa monotonically reduces the overlap free energy. For strongly confined systems, F varies linearly with lambda with a slope that scales as F'(lambda)~-k_BT D^{-beta} P^{-alpha}, where beta approx 2 and alpha approx 0.37 for N=200 chains. These exponent values deviate slightly from those predicted using a simple model, possibly due to insufficiently satisfying the conditions defining the Odijk regime. Finally, we use Monte Carlo dynamics simulations to examine polymer segregation dynamics for fully flexible chains and observe segregation rates that decrease with decreasing entropic force magnitude. The polymers are not conformationally relaxed at later times during segregation.
description: 12 pages, 15 figures
Encouraging Cultural Diversity and Sense of Community in Aotearoa New Zealand: Community Participation Processes in Public Open Space Planning
Creators: name: Cui, YIWEN
name: Marques, Bruno
name: Gjerde, Morten
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 120599 Urban and Regional Planning not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Social and economic geography
subject: 120107 Landscape Architecture
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: In the island nation of Aotearoa New Zealand, the history of migration and increased globalization is exerting pressure on existing social and cultural frameworks and creating challenges and opportunities for how public open space can be created and used. This pressure is influencing Māori, the Indigenous people of New Zealand, through a combination of cultural beliefs and values, with a diverse set of contemporary cultural practices and through interactions with a non-Māori world. The challenges are from the progressively widespread nature of migrants who have multiple national backgrounds and also consider themselves as both members of their country of origin and New Zealand society. To accommodate this increasing cultural diversity, a psychological sense of community provides a tool for understanding community and community change, while participatory planning can provide opportunities to integrate public perspectives into these processes. Public open spaces have the potential to be socially sustainable and promote values of cultural diversity. This research aims to understand whether taking part in the community participation processes for public open space planning and design can encourage a sense of community amongst the major ethnic groups in New Zealand, including New Zealand European, Māori, Chinese and Pasifika. It does that by adopting the lens of the Sense of Community Index based on the theory presented by McMillan and Chavis. Results suggest that participatory planning allows the integration of public perspectives into the planning process, fostering the communities’ sense of place while creating places that promote cultural diversity in Aotearoa New Zealand.
Harnack Estimate for the Endangered Species Equation
Creators: name: Cao, Xiaodong
name: Cerenzia, Mark
name: Kazaras, Demetre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove a differential Harnack inequality for the Endangered Species Equation, a nonlinear parabolic equation. Our derivation relies on an idea related to the parabolic maximum principle. As an application of this inequality, we will show that positive solutions to this equation must blowup in finite time. We also use this inequality to partially answer a question of Hamilton, 2011.
description: To appear in Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society (2014)
Work-integrated learning gone full circle: How prior work placement experiences influenced workplace supervisors
Creators: name: Martin, Andrew J
name: Rees, Malcolm
name: Fleming, Jenny
name: Zegwaard, Karsten E
name: Vaughan, Karen
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: No description supplied
Generation and reproductive phenotypes of mice lacking estrogen receptor
Creators: name: Korach, K. S.
name: Enmark, E.
name: Mahler, J. F.
name: Sar, M.
name: Krege, J. H.
name: Smithies, O.
name: Warner, M.
name: Couse, J. F.
name: Hodgin, J. B.
name: Gustafsson, J.-A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1998

description: Estrogens influence the differentiation and maintenance of reproductive tissues and affect lipid metabolism and bone remodeling. Two estrogen receptors (ERs) have been identified to date, ERα and ERβ. We previously generated and studied knockout mice lacking estrogen receptor α and reported severe reproductive and behavioral phenotypes including complete infertility of both male and female mice and absence of breast tissue development. Here we describe the generation of mice lacking estrogen receptor β (ERβ −/−) by insertion of a neomycin resistance gene into exon 3 of the coding gene by using homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells. Mice lacking this receptor develop normally and are indistinguishable grossly and histologically as young adults from their littermates. RNA analysis and immunocytochemistry show that tissues from ERβ −/− mice lack normal ERβ RNA and protein. Breeding experiments with young, sexually mature females show that they are fertile and exhibit normal sexual behavior, but have fewer and smaller litters than wild-type mice. Superovulation experiments indicate that this reduction in fertility is the result of reduced ovarian efficiency. The mutant females have normal breast development and lactate normally. Young, sexually mature male mice show no overt abnormalities and reproduce normally. Older mutant males display signs of prostate and bladder hyperplasia. Our results indicate that ERβ is essential for normal ovulation efficiency but is not essential for female or male sexual differentiation, fertility, or lactation. Future experiments are required to determine the role of ERβ in bone and cardiovascular homeostasis.