cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Energy conditions bounds and supernovae data
Creators: name: Lima, M. P.
name: Vitenti, S. D. P.
name: Reboucas, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The energy conditions play an important role in the description of some important properties of the Universe, including the current accelerating expansion phase and the possible recent phase of super-acceleration. In a recent work we have provided a detailed study of the energy conditions for the recent past by deriving bounds from energy conditions and by making the confrontation of the bounds with supernovae data. Here, we extend and update these results in two different ways. First, by carrying out a new statistical analysis for $q(z)$ estimates needed for the confrontation between the bounds and supernovae data. Second, by providing a new picture of the energy conditions fulfillment and violation in the light of the recently compiled Union set of 307 type Ia supernovae and by using two different statistical approaches.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure. To appear in Phys. Lett. B (2008)
The process gg->WW as a probe into the EWSB mechanism
Creators: name: Accomando, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first estimate of the gluon-gluon fusion process, gg->4f, in the high energy domain as a probe of the electroweak symmetry breaking mechanism (EWSB). We consider the exact matrix element at $O(α_sα_{em}^2)$, and we include all irreducible background coming from qq->4f. Purely leptonic final states, pp->llvv, are numerically investigated. We find that this channel is extremely sensitive to the regime of the interaction between gauge bosons. It can thus be associated to the traditionally used vector boson scattering (VBS) to improve the analysis of the EWSB physics.
description: 4 pages, LaTex, 5 figures
A study of the sequence category
Creators: name: Gentle, Ronald Stanley
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: For a given abelian category o/, a category E is formed by considering exact sequences of o/. If one imposes the condition that a split sequence be regarded as the zero object, then the resulting sequence category E/S is shown to be abelian. The intrinsic algebraic structure of E/S is examined and related to the theory of coherent functors and functor rings. E/S is shown to be the natural setting for the study of pure and copure sequences and the theory is further developed by introducing repure sequences. The concept of pure semi-simple categories is examined in terms of E/S. Localization with respect to pure sequences is developed, leading to results concerning the existence of algebraically compact objects. The final topic is a study of the simple sequences and their relationship to almost split exact sequences.
Transients from initial conditions based on Lagrangian perturbation theory in N-body simulations
Creators: name: Tatekawa, Takayuki
name: Mizuno, Shuntaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the initial conditions for cosmological N-body simulations suitable for calculating the skewness and kurtosis of the density field. In general, the initial conditions based on the perturbation theory (PT) provide incorrect second-order and higher-order growth. These errors implied by the use of the perturbation theory to set up the initial conditions in N-body simulations are called transients. Unless these transients are completely suppressed compared with the dominant growing mode, we can not reproduce the correct evolution of cumulants with orders higher than two, even though there is no problem with the numerical scheme. We investigate the impact of transients on the observable statistical quantities by performing $N$-body simulations with initial conditions based on Lagrangian perturbation theory (LPT). We show that the effects of transients on the kurtosis from the initial conditions, based on second-order Lagrangian perturbation theory (2LPT) have almost disappeared by $z\sim5$, as long as the initial conditions are set at $z > 30$. This means that for practical purposes, the initial conditions based on 2LPT are accurate enough for numerical calculations of skewness and kurtosis.
description: 21 pages, 5 figures; accepted for publication in JCAP
Four-point functions of different-weight operators in the AdS/CFT correspondence
Creators: name: Berdichevsky, León
name: Naaijkens, Pieter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate four-point correlation functions of two weight-2 and two weight-3 1/2-BPS operators in \mathcal{N}=4 SYM in the large N limit in supergravity approximation. By the AdS/CFT conjecture, these operators are dual to AdS supergravity scalar fields s_2 and s_3 with mass m^2 = -4 and m^2 = -3 respectively. This is the first non-trivial four-point function of mixed-weight operators of lowest conformal dimensions. We show that the supergravity-induced four-point function splits into a "free" and a "quantum" part, where the quantum contribution obeys non-trivial constraints coming from the insertion procedure in the gauge theory, in particular, it depends on only one function of the conformal cross-ratios.
description: 24 pages, 2 figures, free field contribution and misprints corrected
Mesoscopic magnetic systems: from fundamental properties to devices
Creators: name: Heyderman, Laura J.
name: Grollier, Julie
name: Marrows, Christopher H.
name: Vavassori, Paolo
name: Grundler, Dirk
name: Makarov, Denys
name: Pané, Salvador
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we review various themes of current research within mesoscopic magnetic systems.
description: APL Special Topic Guest Editorial
Core-collapse supernova neutrinos and neutrino properties
Creators: name: Gava, J.
name: Volpe, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Core-collapse supernovae are powerful neutrino sources. The observation of a future (extra-)galactic supernova explosion or of the relic supernova neutrinos might provide important information on the supernova dynamics, on the supernova formation rate and on neutrino properties. One might learn more about unknown neutrino properties either from indirect effects in the supernova (e.g. on the explosion or on in the r-process) or from modifications of the neutrino time or energy distributions in a detector on Earth. Here we will discuss in particular possible effects of CP violation in the lepton sector. We will also mention the interest of future neutrino-nucleus interaction measurements for the precise knowledge of supernova neutrino detector response to electron neutrinos.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, Proceedings to "Three days of Strong Interactions & Astrophysics HLPW08", 6-8 March 2008, SPA
System-size dependence of transverse momentum correlations at √s NN=62.4 and 200 GeV at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2013
Subjects: nucl-ex

description: We present a study of the average transverse momentum (pt) fluctuations and pt correlations for charged particles produced in Cu+Cu collisions at midrapidity for √sNN= 62.4 and 200 GeV. These results are compared with those published for Au+Au collisions at the same energies, to explore the system size dependence. In addition to the collision energy and system size dependence, the pt correlation results have been studied as functions of the collision centralities, the ranges in p t, the pseudorapidity η, and the azimuthal angle φ. The square root of the measured pt correlations when scaled by mean pt is found to be independent of both colliding beam energy and system size studied. Transport-based model calculations are found to have a better quantitative agreement with the measurements compared to models which incorporate only jetlike correlations. © 2013 American Physical Society.
Genome-wide profiling of human cap-independent translation-enhancing elements
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2013
Subjects: 5' Untranslated Regions
Gene Library
Genome, Human
HeLa Cells
High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
Humans
Peptide Chain Initiation, Translational
Protein Biosynthesis
RNA, Messenger

description: We report an in vitro selection strategy to identify RNA sequences that mediate cap-independent initiation of translation. This method entails mRNA display of trillions of genomic fragments, selection for initiation of translation and high-throughput deep sequencing. We identified >12,000 translation-enhancing elements (TEEs) in the human genome, generated a high-resolution map of human TEE-bearing regions (TBRs), and validated the function of a subset of sequences in vitro and in cultured cells. © 2013 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved.
Distinguishing seesaw models at LHC with multi-lepton signals
Creators: name: del Aguila, F.
name: Aguilar-Saavedra, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the LHC discovery potential for electroweak scale heavy neutrino singlets (seesaw I), scalar triplets (seesaw II) and fermion triplets (seesaw III). For seesaw I we consider a heavy Majorana neutrino coupling to the electron or muon. For seesaw II we concentrate on the likely scenario where the new scalars decay to two leptons. For seesaw III we restrict ourselves to heavy Majorana fermion triplets decaying to light leptons plus gauge or Higgs bosons, which are dominant except for unnaturally small mixings. The possible signals are classified in terms of the charged lepton multiplicity, studying nine different final states ranging from one to six charged leptons. Using a fast detector simulation of signals and backgrounds, it is found that the trilepton channel l+- l+- l-+ is by far the best one for scalar triplet discovery, and for fermion triplets it is as good as the like-sign dilepton channel l+- l+-. For heavy neutrinos with a mass O(100) GeV, this trilepton channel is also better than the usually studied like-sign dilepton mode. In addition to evaluating the discovery potential, we make special emphasis on the discrimination among seesaw models if a positive signal is observed. This could be accomplished not only by searching for signals in different final states, but also by reconstructing the mass and determining the charge of the new resonances, which is possible in several cases. For high luminosities, further evidence is provided by the analysis of the production angular distributions in the cleanest channels with three or four leptons.
description: LaTeX 90 pages, 116 PS figures. Typos fixed, comments and references added
On Indefinite Special Lagrangian Submanifolds in Indefinite Complex Euclidean Spaces
Creators: name: Dong, Yuxin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 53C38, 53C50, 53C80

description: In this paper, we show that the calibrated method can also be used to detect indefinite minimal Lagrangian submanifolds in $C_k^m$. We introduce the notion of indefinite special Lagrangian submanifolds in $C_k^m$ and generalize the well-known work of Harvey-Lawson to the indefinite case.
description: 24 pages
MMT Hypervelocity Star Survey
Creators: name: Brown, Warren R.
name: Geller, Margaret J.
name: Kenyon, Scott J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a new survey for unbound hypervelocity stars (HVSs), stars traveling with such extreme velocities that dynamical ejection from a massive black hole (MBH) is their most likely origin. We investigate the possible contribution of unbound runaway stars, and show that the physical properties of binaries constrain low mass runaways to bound velocities. We measure radial velocities for HVS candidates with the colors of early A-type and late B-type stars. We report the discovery of 6 unbound HVSs with velocities and distances exceeding the conservative escape velocity estimate of Kenyon and collaborators. We additionally report 4 possibly unbound HVSs with velocities and distances exceeding the lower escape velocity estimate of Xue and collaborators. These discoveries increase the number of known HVSs by 60%-100%. Other survey objects include 19 newly identified z~2.4 quasars. One of the HVSs may be a horizontal branch star, consistent with the number of evolved HVSs predicted by Galactic center ejection models. Finding more evolved HVSs will one day allow a probe of the low-mass regime of HVSs and will constrain the mass function of stars in the Galactic center.
description: 10 pages, accepted to ApJ with minor revisions
Higher order RG flow on the Wilson line in $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM
Creators: name: Beccaria, Matteo
name: Giombi, Simone
name: Tseytlin, Arkady A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extending earlier work, we find the two-loop term in the beta-function for the scalar coupling $ζ$ in a generalized Wilson loop operator of the $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM theory, working in the planar weak-coupling expansion. The beta-function for $ζ$ has fixed points at $ζ=\pm 1$ and $ζ=0$, corresponding respectively to the supersymmetric Wilson-Maldacena loop and to the standard Wilson loop without scalar coupling. As a consequence of our result for the beta-function, we obtain a prediction for the two-loop term in the anomalous dimension of the scalar field inserted on the standard Wilson loop. We also find a subset of higher-loop contributions (with highest powers of $ζ$ at each order in `t Hooft coupling) coming from the scalar ladder graphs determining the corresponding terms in the five-loop beta-function. We discuss the related structure of the circular Wilson loop expectation value commenting, in particular, on consistency with a 1d defect version of the F-theorem. We also compute (to two loops in the planar ladder approximation) the two-point correlators of scalars inserted on the Wilson line.
description: 25 pages, several TikZ figures. v2: minor corrections
Biomechanical characterization of swimmers with physical disabilities
Creators: name: Junior, Valdir
name: Medeiros, Alexandre
name: Jesus, Kelly
name: Garrido, Nuno Domingos
name: Corredeira, Rui
name: Daly, Daniel
name: Fernandes, Ricardo Jorge
Publisher: name: Motricidade
Year: 2018

description: The evaluation of swimming technique is one of the main aspects to be considered in any training program, with biomechanics being an important source of knowledge. It was our objective to characterize the biomechanical parameters (SL and SF) relating them to the swimming velocity (v) at different intensities and to analyze within each swimming stroke cycle the intra-cyclic velocity variation (IVV) in a group of motor disabled swimmers. Eight disabled male swimmers (25.83 ± 2.93 years old, 72.45 ± 9.26 kg body mass and 1.79 ± 0.11 m of height) of the following functional classes: S6 (n = 1), S8 (n = 2) and S9 (n = 5) participated in this study. Swimmers were evaluated in the kinematic parameters v, stroke frequency (SF) and stroke length (SL) along with an incremental protocol of 6 x 200 m in the the crawl stroke. Data were registered in each step at the distances of 100 and 175 m. With increasing velocity, the mean values of SL decreased while the mean values of SF increased. To achieve higher swimming velocities, swimmers compensated the lack of the propulsive segment increasing SF to increase swimming speed. For the mean values of IVV at 100m distance, a decrease between the first and second levels, followed by a tendency to stabilize from the 2nd to the 6th level is presented. For the 175 m distance, there was a decrease in IVV with an increase in swimming velocity. Stroke frequency is directly related to the magnitude of IVV, which directly influences swimming performance.
description: Motricidade, Vol 14 No 4 (2018): Motricidade
High-Resolution Observations of Bright Boulders on Asteroid Ryugu: 1. Size Frequency Distribution and Morphology
Creators: name: Sugimoto, Chiho
name: Tatsumi, Eri
name: Cho, Yuichiro
name: Morota, Tomokatsu
name: Honda, Rie
name: Kameda, Shingo
name: Yokota, Yosuhiro
name: Yumoto, Koki
name: Aoki, Minami
name: DellaGiustina, Daniella N.
name: Michikami, Tatsuhiro
name: Hiroi, Takahiro
name: Domingue, Deborah L.
name: Michel, Patrick
name: Schröder, Stefan E.
name: Nakamura, Tomoki
name: Yamada, Manabu
name: Sakatani, Naoya
name: Kouyama, Toru
name: Honda, Chikatoshi
name: Hayakawa, Masahiko
name: Matsuoka, Moe
name: Suzuki, Hidehiko
name: Yoshioka, Kazuo
name: Ogawa, Kazunori
name: Sawada, Hirotaka
name: Arakawa, Masahiko
name: Saiki, Takanao
name: Imamura, Hiroshi
name: Takagi, Yasuhiko
name: Yano, Hajime
name: Shirai, Kei
name: Okamoto, Chisato
name: Tsuda, Yuichi
name: Nakazawa, Satoru
name: Iijima, Yuichi
name: Sugita, Seiji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The near-Earth asteroid (162173) Ryugu displays a Cb-type average spectrum and a very low average normal albedo of 0.04. Although the majority of boulders on Ryugu have reflectance spectra and albedo similar to the Ryugu average, a small fraction of boulders exhibit anomalously high albedo and distinctively different spectra. A previous study (Tatsumi et al., 2021) based on the 2.7-km observations and a series of low-altitude (down to 68 m) descent observations conducted prior to the first touchdown have shown that the spectra of these anomalous boulders can be classified into two distinct groups corresponding to S and C type asteroids. The former originate most likely from an impactor that collided with Ryugu's parent body, whereas the latter may be from portions of Ryugu's parent body that experienced a different temperature history than experienced by the majority of boulder materials. In this study, we analyzed images captured after the first touchdown to determine the quantitative properties of these bright boulders on Ryugu. We measured the sizes of more than a thousand bright boulders and characterized the morphologic properties of the largest ones. Analyses revealed many properties of bright boulders important for the evolution of Ryugu and its parent body. The size-frequency distributions of S- and C-type bright boulders follow power laws. We obtained the ratios of the total volume and surface area of S-type bright boulders to those of average dark boulders on the Ryugu surface. Also, many of the bright boulders are embedded in a larger substrate boulder, suggesting that they have experienced mixing and conglomeration with darker fragments on the parent body, rather than gently landing on Ryugu during or after its formation by reaccumulation. This is consistent with the hypothesis that S-type bright boulders were likely mixed during and/or before a catastrophic disruption.
description: 19 pages, 11 figures, 3 Tables, published in Icarus, 369, 15 November, 2021, 114529
Miturgidae Simon 1886
Creators: name: Raven, Robert J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Miturgidae

description: Family Miturgidae Simon, 1886   Diagnosis (following Raven & Stumkat 2003): Two-clawed lycosoid spiders with grate-shaped tapetum (Fig. 14 a, inset) and RTA of male with unsclerotised portion (e.g., Figs. 6 c, 14e). Eyes in two rows with posterior row slightly procurved to recurved (e.g., Fig 1c). Male pedal tibiae without basal fracture zone.
 Remarks: This diagnosis specifically excludes Cheiracanthium and other Eutichurinae which do not have a grate-shaped tapetum or the unsclerotised section of the RTA; the Eutichurinae are considered more closely related to the Clubionidae (see Introduction).
Until version 8.5 of the Platnick catalog of spiders of the world, the year of creation of the Miturgini was considered to be 1885 but has since been corrected to 1886 (Platnick, 2008).
description: Published as part of Raven, Robert J., 2009, Revisions of Australian ground-hunting spiders: IV. The spider subfamily Diaprograptinae subfam. nov. (Araneomorphae: Miturgidae), pp. 1-40 in Zootaxa 2035 on pages 3-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186352
Optimal fisheries investment
Creators: name: Charles, Anthony
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This thesis explores problems of optimal investment arising in fisheries and other renewable resource industries. In such industries, two simultaneous investment problems must be addressed: investment in the resource stock (the biomass) and investment in the capital stock (harvesting capacity). Each of these investment problems faces a key complication; investment in the resource is constrained by the natural population dynamics, while in many cases investment in the physical capital stock suffers from irreversibility, since capital used in natural resource industries is often non-malleable. In addition, all investment decisions must be made within an uncertain environment; full information is never available. Building upon the work of Clark, Clarke and Munro (Econometrica, 1979), we develop a two-state two-control model which incorporates investment delays and stochastic resource fluctuations within a seasonal (discrete-time) framework. A dynamic programming approach is used to analyse the model heuristically and to obtain numerical results, beginning with a study of the ideal deterministic case and proceeding to a full stochastic analysis. The key assumption of irreversible investment is maintained throughout the thesis. We have examined the qualitative and quantitative effects on optimal investment strategies of several economic and ecological factors: (i) delays in investment, (ii) population dynamics parameters, (iii) selling price, (iv) capital cost and operating cost, (v) depreciation rate, (vi) discount rate, and (vii) the level of uncertainty in the resource stock. We have found that the key cost parameter for the investment problem is the ratio of unit capital costs to unit operating costs. Depreciation can play a rather counter-intuitive role; in some circumstances optimal investment levels can increase with the depreciation rate, contrary to the usual treatment of depreciation as an additional cost of capital. The introduction of uncertainty in the form of stochastic resource fluctuations can substantially change the optimal investment policy, but this tends to have little effect on the value of the fishery. We analyse the factors which determine the role of randomness in optimal fisheries investment, and discuss in some detail the implications for management. Solution of the stochastic optimization problem studied here requires the use of rather complicated numerical methods, which are described in detail in the thesis. These methods are quite general, and should prove useful in analysing other related stochastic models.
$\mathbb{Z}_2$ topological invariants for mixed states of fermions in time-reversal invariant band structures
Creators: name: Wawer, Lukas
name: Fleischhauer, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The topological classification of fermion systems in mixed states is a long standing quest. For Gaussian states, reminiscent of non-interacting unitary fermions, some progress has been made. While the topological quantization of certain observables such as the Hall conductivity is lost for mixed states, directly observable many-body correlators exist which preserve the quantized nature and naturally connect to known topological invariants in the ground state. For systems which break time-reversal (TR) symmetry, the ensemble geometric phase was identified as such an observable which can be used to define a Chern number in $(1+1)$ and $2$ dimensions. Here we propose a corresponding $\mathbb{Z}_2$ topological invariant for systems with TR symmetry. We show that this mixed-state invariant is identical to well-known $\mathbb{Z}_2$ invariants for the ground state of the so-called fictitious Hamiltonian, which for thermal states is just the ground state of the system Hamiltonian itself. We illustrate our findings for finite-temperature states of a paradigmatic $\mathbb{Z}_2$ topological insulator, the Kane-Mele model.
Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project - Volume 41
Creators: name: Lancelot, Y
name: Seibold, E.
name: The Leg 41 Science Party
Publisher: name: U.S. Government Printing Office
Year: 1978
Subjects: Deep Sea Drilling Project
Glomar Challenger
DSDP
Leg 41
Site 366
Site 367
Site 368
Site 369
Site 370
Central North Atlantic
West African continental margin
Sierra Leone Rise
Cape Verde Rise
Cape Verde Basin
Cape Bojador
Deep Basin
Morocco

description: This volume covers Leg 41 of the cruises of the Drilling Vessel Glomar Challenger. The forty-first cruise of Glomar Challenger was devoted to the study of the eastern part of the central North Atlantic. The ship left Abidjan on 17 February 1975 and docked at Malaga on 10 April, after having drilled five sites off West Africa. The general objective of this cruise was to study the evolution of the eastern basins of the North Atlantic, off the continental margin of West Africa. Previous cruises did not provide material pertinent to the earliest evolution of the basins because most drill sites were located too far from the margin on relatively young crust, or failed to sample the lowermost part of the sedimentary section. A different approach was considered for Leg 41 because the available data already showed that most litho-stratigraphic units in the deep basins of the Atlantic had enough lateral extension so that drilling a limited number of sites in key areas would allow for large-scale regional interpretation. For this reason, only five first priority sites were selected by the JOIDES Atlantic Advisory Panel to be cored as continuously as possible. It was believed that with carefully chosen drill site locations and extensive sampling, Leg 41 results could be combined with those of previous cruises, both in the eastern and western basins in order to view the evolution of the eastern North Atlantic within the general evolution of the North Atlantic Ocean.
Can aerosols be trapped in open flows?
Creators: name: Vilela, Rafael D.
name: Motter, Adilson E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fate of aerosols in open flows is relevant in a variety of physical contexts. Previous results are consistent with the assumption that such finite-size particles always escape in open chaotic advection. Here we show that a different behavior is possible. We analyze the dynamics of aerosols both in the absence and presence of gravitational effects, and both when the dynamics of the fluid particles is hyperbolic and nonhyperbolic. Permanent trapping of aerosols much heavier than the advecting fluid is shown to occur in all these cases. This phenomenon is determined by the occurrence of multiple vortices in the flow and is predicted to happen for realistic particle-fluid density ratios.
description: Animation available at http://www.pks.mpg.de/~rdvilela/leapfrogging.html
Open Quantum Random Walks with Decoherence on Coins with n Degrees of Freedom
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2013
Subjects: math.PR

description: In this paper we define a new type of decoherent quantum random walk with parameter 0≤p≤1, which becomes a unitary quantum random walk (UQRW) when p=0 and an open quantum random walk (OQRW) when p=1, respectively. We call this process a partially open quantum random walk (POQRW). We study the limiting distribution of a POQRW on Z 1 subject to decoherence on coins with n degrees of freedom. The limiting distribution of the POQRW converges to a convex combination of normal distributions, under an eigenvalue condition. A Perron-Frobenius type of theorem is established to determine whether or not a POQRW satisfies the eigenvalue condition. Moreover, we explicitly compute the limiting distributions of characteristic equations of the position probability functions when n=2 and 3. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York.
Feedback from the first stars and galaxies and its influence on structure formation
Creators: name: Ciardi, Benedetta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Once the first sources have formed, their mass deposition, energy injection and emitted radiation can deeply affect the subsequent galaxy formation process and influence the evolution of the IGM via a number of so-called feedback effects. The word 'feedback' is by far one of the most used in modern cosmology, where it is applied to a vast range of situations and astrophysical objects. Generally speaking, the concept of feedback invokes a back reaction of a process on itself or on the causes that have produced it. The character of feedback can be either negative or positive. Here, I will review the present status of investigation of the feedback effects from the first stars and galaxies.
description: 11 pages, 19 figures; invited review to appear in "First Stars III", eds. B. O'Shea, A. Heger & T. Abel
Hard Two-Body Photodisintegration of He3
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2013
Subjects: CLAS and Hall-A Collaborations

description: We have measured cross sections for the γHe3→pd reaction at photon energies of 0.4-1.4 GeV and a center-of-mass angle of 90. We observe dimensional scaling above 0.7 GeV at this center-of-mass angle. This is the first observation of dimensional scaling in the photodisintegration of a nucleus heavier than the deuteron. © 2013 American Physical Society.
Adaptive cell killing for ion beam treatment planning of hypoxic tumors
Creators: name: Scifoni, E.
name: Krämer, M.
name: Durante, M.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2014
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2013 - GSI Report 2014-1
Magnetism of Cold Fermionic Atoms on p-Band of an Optical Lattice
Creators: name: Wang, Lei
name: Dai, Xi
name: Chen, Shu
name: Xie, X. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We carry out \textit{ab initio} study of ground state phase diagram of spin-1/2 cold fermionic atoms within two-fold degenerate $p$-band of an anisotropic optical lattice. Using the Gutzwiller variational approach, we show that a robust ferromagnetic phase exists for a vast range of band fillings and interacting strengths. The ground state crosses over from spin density wave state to spin-1 Neel state at half filling. Additional harmonic trap will induce spatial separation of varies phases. We also discuss several relevant observable consequences and detection methods. Experimental test of the results reported here may shed some light on the long-standing issue of itinerant ferromagnetism.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
External field control of spin-dependent rotational decoherence of ultracold polar molecules
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2013
Subjects: ultracold polar molecules
magic trapping conditions
polarisability
dipole moment

description: We determine trapping conditions for ultracold polar molecules, where pairs of internal states experience identical trapping potentials. Such conditions could ensure that detrimental effects of inevitable inhomogeneities across an ultracold sample are significantly reduced. In particular, we investigate the internal rovibronic and hyperfine quantum states of ultracold fermionic ground-state 40K87Rb polar molecules, when static magnetic, static electric and trapping laser fields are simultaneously applied. Understanding the effect of changing the relative orientation or polarisation of these three fields is of crucial importance for the creation of decoherence-free subspaces built from two or more rovibronic states. Moreover, we evaluate the induced dipole moment of the molecule in the presence of these fields, which will allow control of interactions between molecules in different sites of an optical lattice, and study the influence of the interaction anisotropy on the ability to entangle polar molecules. © 2013 Taylor & Francis.
Measurements of CaII absorption, metals, and dust in a sample of z~1 DLAs and subDLAs
Creators: name: Nestor, Daniel
name: Pettini, Max
name: Hewett, Paul
name: Rao, Sandhya
name: Wild, Vivienne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present observations of CaII, ZnII, and CrII absorption lines in 16 DLAs and 6 subDLAs at 0.6 < z < 1.3, obtained for the dual purposes of: (i) clarifying the relationship between DLAs and absorbers selected via strong CaII lines, and (ii) increasing the still limited sample of Zn and Cr abundances in this redshift range. We find only partial overlap between current samples of intermediate-z DLAs (which are drawn from magnitude limited surveys) and strong CaII absorbers: approximately 25% of known DLAs at these redshifts have an associated CaII 3935 line with REW>0.35A, the threshold of the SDSS sample assembled by Wild and her collaborators. The lack of the strongest systems (with REW>0.5A) is consistent with these authors' conclusion that such absorbers are often missed in current DLA surveys because they redden/dim the light of the background QSOs. We rule out the suggestion that strong CaII absorption is associated exclusively with the highest-N(HI) DLAs. Furthermore, we find no correlation between the strength of the CaII lines and either the metallicity or depletion, although the strongest CaII absorber in our sample is also the most metal-rich DLA yet discovered, with [Zn/H] ~ solar. We conclude that a complex mix of parameters determine the strengths of the CaII lines, including the density of particles and UV photons in the ISM of the galaxies hosting the DLAs. We find tentative evidence (given the small size of our sample) that strong CaII systems may preferentially sample regions of high gas density, perhaps akin to the DLAs exhibiting molecular hydrogen absorption at redshifts z>2. If this connection is confirmed, strong CaII absorbers would trace possibly metal-rich, H2-bearing columns of cool, dense gas at distances up to tens of kpc from normal galaxies. (abridged)
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS; 15 pages, 10 figures
Local solutions in Sobolev spaces with negative indices for the "good" Boussinesq equation
Creators: name: Farah, Luiz Gustavo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35B30, 35Q55, 35Q72

description: We study the local well-posedness of the initial-value problem for the nonlinear "good" Boussinesq equation with data in Sobolev spaces \textit{$H^s$} for negative indices of $s$.
description: Referee comments incorporated
Microporella bifoliata Ulrich & Bassler 1904
Creators: name: Martino, Emanuela Di
name: Taylor, Paul D.
name: Gordon, Dennis P.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Bryozoa
Gymnolaemata
Cheilostomatida
Microporellidae
Microporella
Microporella bifoliata

description: Microporella bifoliata Ulrich & Bassler, 1904
Fig. 1; Table 1
Microporella? bifoliata Ulrich & Bassler, 1904: 417, pl. 103, figs 6–8.
Microporella? bifoliata – Canu & Bassler 1923: 121, pl. 20, figs 7–11.
Material examined
Lectotype (designated here)
USA • Syntype of Microporella bifoliata Ulrich & Bassler, 1904; Maryland, Cordova; Miocene; Choptank Formation; USNM 68592A (Fig. 1 A–B).
Paralectotype (designated here)
USA • Syntype of Microporella bifoliata Ulrich & Bassler, 1904; Maryland, Cordova; Miocene; Choptank Formation; USNM 68592B (Fig. 1 C–D).
Other material
USA • 4 specimens, syntypes of Microporella bifoliata Ulrich & Bassler, 1904; Maryland, Cordova; Miocene; Choptank Formation; USNM 68592C to 68592F.
Description
COLONY. Erect with bifoliate fronds up to several cm wide, curved; colony base and interzooidal communication not observed.
AUTOZOOIDS. Distinct, separated by narrow grooVes, rectangular, longer than wide (mean L/W = 1.76). Frontal shield flat; marginal areolae typically numbering about 16 (12–18), Variable in size (15–40 µm), funnel-shaped, sometimes subdivided internally; reduced number of non-marginal pseudopores, placed more centrally on the frontal shield, irregularly spaced.
PRIMARY ORIfICE. Terminal, semielliptical, widest medially, hingeline slightly concave, without teeth or condyles; oral spines lacking; no peristome.
ASCOPORE fIELD. A narrow, raised area of gymnocystal calcification beneath leVel of adjacent frontal shield but at approximately same leVel as orifice, located Very close to its hingeline; elliptical, ca 35 × 50 µm, distal margin with projecting, semielliptical tongue leaVing a crescent-shaped opening, ca 10 × 30 µm, with radial spines.
AVICULARIUM. Single, located at the same level of ascopore, oriented laterally; crossbar complete; opesia semielliptical; rostrum subtriangular, the distal end a little rounded, not channelled.
OVICELL. Prominent, circular in outline, not personate and not obscuring orifice; calcification similar to frontal shield; pseudopores variable in number, scattered over entire surface, variably spaced.
Remarks
This extinct species was described from the Miocene (Choptank Formation 12.6–14.4 Ma; Andrews 1988) of Maryland (Fig. 1).
The form of the mandible is not known in this fossil species, but the fact that the avicularia have closed distal ends without channels may suggest that mandibles were not setose and had a shape identical to that of the rostrum.
description: Published as part of Martino, Emanuela Di, Taylor, Paul D. & Gordon, Dennis P., 2020, Erect bifoliate species of Microporella (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), fossil and modern, pp. 1-31 in European Journal of Taxonomy 678 on pages 3-5, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.678, http://zenodo.org/record/3928412
Environmental Dependence of Dark Matter Halo Growth I: Halo Merger Rates
Creators: name: Fakhouri, Onsi
name: Ma, Chung-Pei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In an earlier paper we quantified the mean merger rate of dark matter haloes as a function of redshift z, descendant halo mass M0, and progenitor halo mass ratio xi using the Millennium simulation of the LCDM cosmology. Here we broaden that study and investigate the dependence of the merger rate of haloes on their surrounding environment. A number of local mass overdensity variables, both including and excluding the halo mass itself, are tested as measures of a halo's environment. The simple functional dependence on z, M0, and xi of the merger rate found in our earlier work is largely preserved in different environments, but we find that the overall amplitude of the merger rate has a strong positive correlation with the environmental densities. For galaxy-mass haloes, we find mergers to occur ~2.5 times more frequently in the densest regions than in voids at both z=0 and higher redshifts. Higher-mass haloes show similar trends. We present a fitting form for this environmental dependence that is a function of both mass and local density and is valid out to z=2. The amplitude of the progenitor (or conditional) mass function shows a similarly strong correlation with local overdensity, suggesting that the extended Press-Schechter model for halo growth needs to be modified to incorporate environmental effects.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures, Moderate revisions in version 2. Accepted in MNRAS
Formality and finite ambiguity
Creators: name: Verster, Jan Frans
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The integral cohomology algebra functor, H*( ;Z), was developed as an aid in distinguishing homotopy types. We consider the problem of when there are only a finite number of homotopy equivalence classes in the collection of simply connected, finite CW complexes, for which the cohomology algebra is isomorphic to a given algebra. We prove that, if we restrict ourselves to formal homotopy types, the set of such homotopy types is always finite. This is shown by using the concept of distance between homotopy types. We build model spaces so that the distance from a CW complex, whose cohomology is isomorphic to the given algebra, to one of the model spaces can be bounded. General results about distance then imply that the set of homotopy types is finite. Formality is a property of rational homotopy type and we use information obtained from calculations with the minimal models of Sullivan as a guide in the construction of spaces and maps. As a partial converse, we show that, for every nonformal space, X, there is a homology section, X', of X such that there are an infinite number of different homotopy types with cohomology algebras isomorphic to H*(X';Z) and with the same rational homotopy type as X'. The dual problem, in the sense of Eckmann-Hilton, is also shown to have similar answers. For the dual problem one would replace "cohomology algebra" with "Samuelson algebra", "formal" with "coformal", and "homology section" with "Postnikov section". The result applies to many naturally occuring spaces, such as topological groups, H-spaces, complex and quaternionic projective spaces, Kahler manifolds and MoiSezon spaces.
Improved Galactic Foreground Removal for B-Modes Detection with Clustering Methods
Creators: name: Puglisi, Giuseppe
name: Mihaylov, Gueorgui
name: Panopoulou, Georgia V.
name: Poletti, Davide
name: Errard, Josquin
name: Puglisi, Paola A.
name: Vianello, Giacomo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Characterizing the sub-mm Galactic emission has become increasingly critical especially in identifying and removing its polarized contribution from the one emitted by the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). In this work, we present a parametric foreground removal performed onto sub-patches identified in the celestial sphere by means of spectral clustering. Our approach takes into account efficiently both the geometrical affinity and the similarity induced by the measurements and the accompanying errors. The optimal partition is then used to parametrically separate the Galactic emission encoding thermal dust and synchrotron from the CMB one applied on two nominal observations of forthcoming experiments from the ground and from the space. Performing the parametric fit singularly on each of the clustering derived regions results in an overall improvement: both controlling the bias and the uncertainties in the CMB $B-$mode recovered maps. We finally apply this technique using the map of the number of clouds along the line of sight, $\mathcal{N}_c$, as estimated from HI emission data and perform parametric fitting onto patches derived by clustering on this map. We show that adopting the $\mathcal{N}_c$ map as a tracer for the patches related to the thermal dust emission, results in reducing the $B-$mode residuals post-component separation. The code is made publicly available.
Relationship between sexual function and quality of life in obese persons seeking weight reduction
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Adult
Blood Glucose
Blood Pressure
Body Mass Index
Cholesterol, HDL
Depression
Female
Humans
Logistic Models
Male
Middle Aged
Obesity
Quality of Life
Sex Factors
Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological
Socioeconomic Factors
Surveys and Questionnaires
Triglycerides
Waist Circumference
Weight Loss

description: Objective This study investigated sexual functioning in persons with obesity and seeking weight loss, and the associations of sexual functioning with relevant demographic and clinical variables as well as quality of life were investigated. Design and Methods Participants were enrolled in a two-year randomized clinical trial. Participants were obese and had at least two components of metabolic syndrome. Male and female sexual functioning was assessed by the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) respectively. Results The rate of female sexual dysfunction was 29%. The rate of erectile dysfunction (ED) was 45%. Of the characteristics considered, FSD was associated with age (P = 0.002). ED was significantly associated with age and physical functioning (both P < 0.01). Conclusions A large minority of patients with obesity reported sexual dysfunction. The occurrence of sexual dysfunction was associated with age, but, surprisingly, not weight-related comorbidities. This may be the result of the nature of the study sample or the methods used to administer the questionnaires that assessed sexual functioning. Copyright © 2013 The Obesity Society.
Spectral States of OJ 287 blazar from Multi-wavelength Observations with $AstroSat$
Creators: name: Singh, K. P.
name: Kushwaha, P.
name: Sinha, A.
name: Pal, Main
name: Dewangan, G.
name: Agarwal, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present {\it AstroSat} soft X-ray, near-UV (NUV), and far-UV (FUV) observations of a blazar, OJ~287, carried out in 2017, 2018, and 2020. The simultaneous observations with NuSTAR in 2017 provide a broad-band look encompassing NUV, FUV, soft and hard X-rays. Captured in three different broadband spectral states in three observations, the X-ray spectrum is found to be the hardest during 2018, while the high-energy-end of the simultaneous optical-FUV spectrum shows a steepening that is modeled with a broken power-law spectrum. The spectral energy distribution (SED) in 2017 shows a relatively flatter optical-FUV and soft X-ray spectra, implying an additional emission component. The 2020 optical-FUV spectrum is harder than in 2017 and 2018, with an extremely soft X-ray spectrum and a hardening above $\sim$1 GeV, similar to the SEDs of High-energy-peaked BL Lac objects (HBL), thereby establishing that this additional emission component has HBL-like properties. The {\it AstroSat} multi-wavelength observations trace the spectral evolution from the end-phase of the HBL component in 2017 to its disappearance in 2018 followed by its revival in 2020. A single zone leptonic model reproduces the 2018 broadband spectrum while the 2017 and 2020 SEDs require an additional HBL-like emitting zone. The spectral evolution of the high-energy-end of the optical-UV spectrum, revealed by the FUV observations in 2017 and 2018, strongly suggests that X-ray spectral changes in the normal broadband spectral state of OJ~287 are primarily due to the evolution of the optical-UV synchrotron spectrum.
description: 13 pages, 5 Figures, 3 Tables, MNRAS (in press)