cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Using the EAGLE simulations to elucidate the origin of disc surface brightness profile breaks as a function of mass and environment
Creators: name: Pfeffer, Joel L.
name: Bekki, Kenji
name: Forbes, Duncan A.
name: Couch, Warrick J.
name: Koribalski, Bärbel S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse the surface brightness profiles of disc-type galaxies in the EAGLE simulations in order to investigate the effects of galaxy mass and environment on galaxy profile types. Following observational works, we classify the simulated galaxies by their disc surface brightness profiles into single exponential (Type I), truncated (Type II) and anti-truncated (Type III) profiles. In agreement with previous observation and theoretical work, we find that Type II discs result from truncated star-forming discs that drive radial gradients in the stellar populations. In contrast, Type III profiles result from galaxy mergers, extended star-forming discs or the late formation of a steeper, inner disc. We find that the EAGLE simulations qualitatively reproduce the observed trends found between profile type frequency and galaxy mass, morphology and environment, such as the fraction of Type III galaxies increasing with galaxy mass, and the the fraction of Type II galaxies increasing with Hubble type. We investigate the lower incidence of Type II galaxies in galaxy clusters, finding, in a striking similarity to observed galaxies, that almost no S0-like galaxies in clusters have Type II profiles. Similarly, the fraction of Type II profiles for disc-dominated galaxies in clusters is significantly decreased relative to field galaxies. This difference between field and cluster galaxies is driven by star formation quenching. Following the cessation of star formation upon entering a galaxy cluster, the young stellar populations of Type II galaxies simply fade, leaving behind Type I galaxies.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
title: Principal Component Factor Analysis
Creators: name: Chu, Kuang-Ming
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1974

description: The principal-factor solution is probably the most widely used technique in factor analysis and a relatively straight forward method to determine the minimum number of independent dimensions needed to account for most of the variance in the original set of variables.
The principal components approach to parsimony was first proposed by Karl Pearson (1901) who studied the problem for the case of nonstochastic variables, and in a different context. Hotelling provided the full development of the method (1933) and Thomson (1947) was the first to apply it to the principal factor analysis.
This method was first developed to deal with problems in psychology but has since been applied in fields as varied as sociology, meteorology, economics, biometry, political science, medicine, geography and business.
Relaxations as key to the magnetocapacitive effects in the perovskite manganites
Creators: name: Schrettle, F.
name: Lunkenheimer, P.
name: Hemberger, J.
name: Ivanov, V. Yu.
name: Mukhin, A. A.
name: Balbashov, A. M.
name: Loidl, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed dielectric study of the relaxation effects that occur in several perovskite rare-earth manganites, including the multiferroics TbMnO3 and DyMnO3. We demonstrate that the strong magnetocapacitive effects, observed for electrical fields E||c, are nearly completely governed by magnetic-state induced changes of the relaxation parameters. The multiferroic materials, which undergo a transition into a spiral magnetic state, show qualitatively different relaxation behavior than those compounds transferring into an A-type antiferromagnetic state. We ascribe the relaxations in both cases to the off-center motion of the manganese ions, which in the multiferroic systems also leads to the ferroelectric ordering.
description: 4 pages; 4 figures; final version, revised according to suggestions of referees
title: Maintaining Topological Properties on the Brink of Destruction
Creators: name: Hamm, Kay J.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1974

description: Throughout the paper we consider the setting where f is a continuous function (a mapping) whose domain X and range Y are both Hausdorff spaces. Our object is to determine conditions on the map f which insure that when X has a certain topological property Q, then Y will also have property Q. For example, if X is metrizable, then it does not necessarily follow that Y is a metric space; but if f is a perfect map, then metrizability is preserved. Chapter III is devoted to the study of this metrizability problem. In particular, we present Frink's [ 2] characterization of metrizable spaces, and we use it to show that a closed map f preserves metrizability provided Y is either first countable or for each p∈Y, f-1(p)n has a compact frontier. This was apparently first observed by Stone [ 6].
From Stone's result and from the result that first countable is preserved by open mappings, it follows easily that metrizability is preserved when f is both open and closed. In this case we can even describe a familiar metric for Y; namely, if p, q∈Y then the metric σ for Y is given by σ(p, q) = d (f-1(p), f-1(q) ) where d denotes the Hausdorff distance. This result is due to Balanchandran [ 1]. The proof we present, however, differs from Balanchandran's since ours depends heavily on a previous theorem due to Wallace [ 7] where necessary and sufficient conditions are given for a decomposition G of a metric space into disjoint, nonempty closed sets to be continuous.
title: Multivalue Methods
Creators: name: Henrie, Clayton V.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1975

description: Methods of solving ordinary differential equations with initial conditions are of a great importance to engineers and scientists. Many of these equations can be solved by well-known analytical techniques, but a greater number of physically significant differential equations cannot be so solved. Thus, the solutions of these equations must be approximated numerically. It is the purpose of this paper to investigate the techniques used in solving differential equations with initial conditions by "multivalue methods."
title: Sechste Ordnung zur Änderung des Besonderen Teils der Prüfungsordnung für den Masterstudiengang „Technologie-orientiertes Management" der Carl-Friedrich-Gauß-Fakultät an der Technischen Universität Braunschweig
Creators: name: Technische Universität Braunschweig, Fakultät
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Prüfungsordnung
subject: 379

description: Hochschulöffentliche Bekanntmachungen der Technischen Universität Braunschweig, vol. 1602
Follow the guides: disentangling human and algorithmic curation in online music consumption
Creators: name: Villermet, Quentin
name: Poiroux, Jérémie
name: Moussallam, Manuel
name: Louail, Thomas
name: Roth, Camille
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The role of recommendation systems in the diversity of content consumption on platforms is a much-debated issue. The quantitative state of the art often overlooks the existence of individual attitudes toward guidance, and eventually of different categories of users in this regard. Focusing on the case of music streaming, we analyze the complete listening history of about 9k users over one year and demonstrate that there is no blanket answer to the intertwinement of recommendation use and consumption diversity: it depends on users. First we compute for each user the relative importance of different access modes within their listening history, introducing a trichotomy distinguishing so-called `organic' use from algorithmic and editorial guidance. We thereby identify four categories of users. We then focus on two scales related to content diversity, both in terms of dispersion -- how much users consume the same content repeatedly -- and popularity -- how popular is the content they consume. We show that the two types of recommendation offered by music platforms -- algorithmic and editorial -- may drive the consumption of more or less diverse content in opposite directions, depending also strongly on the type of users. Finally, we compare users' streaming histories with the music programming of a selection of popular French radio stations during the same period. While radio programs are usually more tilted toward repetition than users' listening histories, they often program more songs from less popular artists. On the whole, our results highlight the nontrivial effects of platform-mediated recommendation on consumption, and lead us to speak of `filter niches' rather than `filter bubbles'. They hint at further ramifications for the study and design of recommendation systems.
description: (c) The Authors 2021. To be published in Proc. 15th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems (RecSys '21), Sep 27-Oct 1, 2021, Amsterdam, NL. 16 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables. This is the authors' version of the work. It is posted here for your personal use. Not for redistribution
Modeling of Gamma-Ray Pulsar Light Curves with Force-Free Magnetic Field
Creators: name: Bai, Xue-Ning
name: Spitkovsky, Anatoly
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Abridged) Gamma-ray emission from pulsars has long been modeled using a vacuum dipole field. This approximation ignores changes in the field structure caused by the magnetospheric plasma and strong plasma currents. We present the first results of gamma-ray pulsar light curve modeling using the more realistic field taken from 3D force-free magnetospheric simulations. Having the geometry of the field, we apply several prescriptions for the location of the emission zone, comparing the light curves to observations. We find that the conventional two-pole caustic model fails to produce double-peak pulse profiles, mainly because the size of the polar cap in force-free magnetosphere is larger than the vacuum field polar cap. The conventional outer-gap model is capable of producing only one peak under general conditions, because a large fraction of open field lines does not cross the null charge surface. We propose a novel "separatrix layer" model, where the high-energy emission originates from a thin layer on the open field lines just inside of the separatrix that bounds the open flux tube. The emission from this layer generates two strong caustics on the sky map due to the effect we term "Sky Map Stagnation" (SMS). It is related to the fact that force-free field asymptotically approaches the field of a rotating split monopole, and the photons emitted on such field lines in the outer magnetosphere arrive to the observer in phase. The double-peak light curve is a natural consequence of SMS. We show that most features of the currently available gamma-ray pulsar light curves can be reasonably well reproduced and explained with the sepatratrix model using the force-free field. Association of the emission region with the current sheet will guide more detailed future studies of the magnetospheric acceleration physics.
description: 22 pages, accepted for publication in ApJ
Additional file 1 of Role in aromatic metabolites biodegradation and adverse implication of denitrifying microbiota in kitchen waste composting
Creators: name: Shi, Mingzi
name: Song, Caihong
name: Xie, Lina
name: Zhang, Guogang
name: Wei, Zimin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Physiology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Physical and chemical properties of composting raw materials, Table S3. PCR amplification primer, Table S4. PCR amplification condition, Figure S1. Changes in temperature of composting reactor, Figure S2. Agarose gel electrophoresis of PCR products for functional genes.
A tool of "barcoded viruses" to study influenza virus transmission dynamics
Creators: name: Fu, Jinqi
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: inlfuenza virus
transmission
bottleneck size
barcoded virus

description: The aim of this study was to establish a novel version of powerful “barcode viruses” as a tool for studying the replication and transmission dynamics of influenza virus in vitro and in vivo. Five barcoded APR8 viruses were firstly used to investigate infection kinetics (e.g. single- and multi-hit events, particle clumping and temporal aspects of co-infection) in vitro. This work demonstrated that the majority of infectious events in cell culture were single-hit events, but a significant number of infections were initiated by more than one virus particles (consistent with virus aggregation during release). Reassortment was found to occur efficiently and ubiquitously when near-isogenic viruses co-infected cells. The timing of asynchronous co-infection revealed that super-infection was possible if the second virus encountered the cell within 4 hr of the first virus. The super-infecting virus showed accelerated replication and enhanced yield, suggesting the second virus can take advantage of the already initiated replication machinery. Beyond this time point (coincident with the onset of progeny release from the first virus) the second virus was blocked by the initial infecting viruses. Five virus libraries carrying ~2000 individually identifiable variants were then generated for in vivo study. Amplification of the viral libraries in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells was achieved without substantial bottlenecking or preferential selection of specific sequences. Thirdly, two pilot studies in pigs demonstrated that intranasal inoculation resulted in substantial bottlenecking and a relatively small proportion of the inoculum gave rise to productive infection. Consequently, distinct viral populations were found in different nostrils and could persist over the course of the infection due to anatomical partitioning. Distinct sub-populations could be distinguished in other tissue sites (e.g. trachea and lung). Super-infection of individual pigs could occur around 2 days following primary exposure. The identity of the donor pigs could be determined by the barcode identities. In the first pilot study, around 600 variants were seen in each donor pig directly inoculated with approximately 6000 variants of the barcoded viruses. When a pig was co-housed with 3 donors, a typical transmission dose of 73-151 variants were seen. To further study the transmission dose between a single donor and recipient, a transmission dose defined as 30-60 on 2 days post contact (d.p.c) and 20-50 on 3 d.p.c was observed. To conclude, my PhD project has developed a powerful tool with a wide range of applications in influenza biology, particularly for studying transmission dynamics in a natural host system.
Additional file 6 of Narrow environmental niches predict land-use responses and vulnerability of land snail assemblages
Creators: name: Wehner, Katja
name: Renker, Carsten
name: Simons, Nadja K.
name: Weisser, Wolfgang W.
name: Blüthgen, Nico
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 6: Appendix 6. Influence of the abundance-weighted mean (AWM) of soil pH on the maximum shell size, number of offspring, light preference, humidity preference, drought resistance and inundation tolerance in forests. Species in italics are land-use “winners”, species in bold are land-use “losers”.
title: Program for Missing Data in the Multivariate Normal Distribution
Creators: name: Lu, Chi-Ping
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1975

description: Missing data can often cause many problems in research work. Therefore for carrying out analysis, some procedure for obtaining estimates in the presence of missing data should be applied. Various theories and techniques have been developed for different types of problems.
Analysis of the Multivariate Normal Distribution with missing data is one of the areas studied. It has been discussed earlier by Wilkes (1932), Lord (1955), Edgett (1956) and Hartley (1958). They have established some basic concepts and an outline in the way of estimation.
In the last ten years, A. A. Afifi and R. M. Elasfoff also have contributed some important techniques in estimating the parameters respective to mean, variance and covariance. R.R. Hocking, H. H. Oxpring and W. B. Smith are continuously improving it toward a more practical method of calculation. In their paper (1971), they gave the derivation of equations and a numerical example without explanation of the details.
The main purpose of this report is to evaluate the reliability and feasibility of this method by programming it. The procedure will be a general one avaliable for large samples so that research workers can apply it conveniently in estimating the parameters when some observations are missing.
Additional file 1 of High expression of cuproptosis-related SLC31A1 gene in relation to unfavorable outcome and deregulated immune cell infiltration in breast cancer: an analysis based on public databases
Creators: name: Li, Linrong
name: Li, Lin
name: Sun, Qiang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Differential expression analysis of 13 cuproptosis-related genes between normal and breast cancer samples. Figure S2. Kaplan-Meier plots of 4 prognosis- and cuproptosis- related genes. Figure S3. Scatter plots of correlation analysis between SLC31A1 and the other 12 cuproptosis-related genes.
Search for a scalar or vector particle decaying into Zgamma in ppbar collisions at sqrt(s) = 1.96 TeV
Creators: name: Abazov, V. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a search for a narrow scalar or vector resonance decaying into Zgamma with a subsequent Z decay into a pair of electrons or muons. The data for this search were collected with the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron ppbar collider at a center of mass energy sqrt(s) = 1.96 TeV. Using 1.1 (1.0) fb-1 of data, we observe 49 (50) candidate events in the electron (muon) channel, in good agreement with the standard model prediction. From the combination of both channels, we derive 95% C.L. upper limits on the cross section times branching fraction (sigma x B) into Zgamma. These limits range from 0.19 (0.20) pb for a scalar (vector) resonance mass of 600 GeV/c^2 to 2.5 (3.1) pb for a mass of 140 GeV/c^2.
description: Published by Phys. Lett. B
Additional file 7 of Narrow environmental niches predict land-use responses and vulnerability of land snail assemblages
Creators: name: Wehner, Katja
name: Renker, Carsten
name: Simons, Nadja K.
name: Weisser, Wolfgang W.
name: Blüthgen, Nico
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 7: Appendix 7. Influence of the abundance-weighted mean (AWM) of soil moisture on the maximum shell, size number of offspring, light preference, humidity preference, drought resistance and inundation tolerance in forests. Species in italics are land-use “winners”, species in bold are land-use “losers”.
Robust constraints on Lorentz Invariance Violation from H.E.S.S., MAGIC and VERITAS data combination
Creators: name: Levy, Chistelle
name: Bolmont, Julien
name: Caroff, Sami
name: Gaug, Markus
name: Gent, Alasdair
name: Jacholkowska, Agnieszka
name: Kerszberg, Daniel
name: Lin, Tony T. Y.
name: Martinez, Manel
name: Nogues, Leyre
name: Otte, A. Nepomuk
name: Perennes, Cedric
name: Ronco, Michele
name: Terzic, Tomislav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gamma-Ray bursts, flaring active galactic nuclei and pulsars are distant and energetic astrophysical sources, detected up to tens of TeV with Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs). Due to their high variability, they are the most suitable sources for energy-dependent time-delay searches related to Lorentz Invariance Violation (LIV) predicted by some Quantum Gravity (QG) models. However, these studies require large datasets. A working group between the three major IACTs ground experiments - H.E.S.S., MAGIC and VERITAS - has been formed to address this issue and combine for the first time all the relevant data collected by the three experiments in a joint analysis. This proceeding will review the new standard combination method. The likelihood technique used to deal with data from different source types and instruments will be presented, as well as the way systematic uncertainties are taken into account. The method has been developed and tested using simulations based on published source observations from the three experiments. From these simulations, the performance of the method will be assessed and new light will be shed on time delays dependencies with redshift.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, Proceedings of the 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2021)
Hydrodynamic Multiverse: Bubble Universes in a Dark Matter Medium
Creators: name: Fuentes, Fernando
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Este trabajo propone un modelo cosmológico novedoso en el que los universos observables ("burbujas") emergen de un medio dinámico y viscoso de materia oscura/energía oscura ("sopa cósmica"). El marco aborda las tensiones en la cosmología ΛΛCDM (por ejemplo, galaxias anómalamente maduras con un alto corrimiento al rojo observadas por el JWST) a través de interacciones hidrodinámicas entre universos burbuja. Las predicciones clave incluyen distintas firmas de anillos CMB (θ≈5°θ≈5°) y filamentos de galaxias correlacionados en z>10, z>10. La teoría amplía la cosmología estándar al tiempo que ofrece hipótesis comprobables para los telescopios de próxima generación (Observatorio Simons, Telescopio Romano).
Additional file 1 of Effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors on adipose tissue distribution in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Creators: name: Wang, Xianghong
name: Wu, Niujian
name: Sun, Chuanchuan
name: Jin, Donghua
name: Lu, Hongyun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 1: Text S1. Comprehensive search strategy. Figure S1. Subgroup analysis of SGLT-2 inhibitors efficacy on liver fat. Figure S2. Subgroup analysis of SGLT-2 inhibitors efficacy on body weight. Figure S3. Subgroup analysis of SGLT-2 inhibitors efficacy on VAT. Figure S4. Subgroup analysis of SGLT-2 inhibitors efficacy on SAT. Table S1. Subgroup analysis of SGLT-2 inhibitors efficacy on liver fat. Table S2. Subgroup analysis of SGLT-2 inhibitors efficacy on body weight. Figure S5. Sensitivity analysis of liver fat levels. Figure S6. Sensitivity analysis of body weight level.
title: Classifications of Plane Continua
Creators: name: Matthews, Steven Ray
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1972

description: In the course of studying continua in the plane it has been asked if a given continuum has uncountably many disjoint duplications in the plane, and if so, what are the consequences of the existence of such a collection. The object of this paper is to study these problems and to develop some machinery useful in their resolution. In Section I, we review the definition of convergence and homeomorphic convergence of point sets in a metric space S. We then consider the space, π of all continuous functions from a compact metric space P to a separable metric space Q under the "sup metric." The famous Borsuk Theorem [3], which shows that π is separable, is then proven. As a consequence of the separability of π , we show that in any uncountable collect ion G of compact sets in a separable metric space S, there must exist an element of G that is converged to by a sequence of elements of G. Furthermore, if the elements of Gare pairwise homeomorphic, then G contains an element which is converged to homeomorphically by some sequence in G. These theorems prove to be important in the study of disjoint embeddings of continua in separable metric spaces. In Section I, as throughout this paper, definitions are motivated and illustrated by numerous examples.
title: A Bayes Rule for the Symmetric Multiple Comparisons Problem
Creators: name: Nawabi, Aban
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1971

description: Many procedures have been proposed for the symmetric multiple comparisons problem in recent years. These include a "protected" least significant difference procedure due to Fisher (FSD), a multiple range rule by Duncan, and HSD (honest significant difference) procedure by Tukey, and a procedure for testing all contrasts by Scheffe.
The tests which are mentioned above are either comparison-wise or experiment-wise approaches. The probability of Type I error is intended to be a for all comparisons made when an experiment-wise approach is used. Whereas, the probability of Type I error referred to each comparison is a comparison-wise approach. Both approaches can be objectionable in some cases . For example, the FSD (Fisher Least Significant Difference) does not increase with n (number of treatments). If n is large, this approach appears objectionable because of the high probability it would give for finding wrong significant differences when applied ton equal treatments. In the experiment-wise approach, FSD increases rapidly with n and has low power with respect to each differences among n non-homogenous treatments. The other tests, Duncan, Tukey, and Scheffe have the same problem with resepect to comparison-wise and experiment-wise approaches. In all the procedures, there are some difficulties in drawing the best conclusions about the treatment means; therefore, an intermediate approach by Waller and Duncan (1969) appears more desirable.
On such issues, it can be argued that the disagreement can best be resolved in terms of a Bayes Rule. Interestingly, the Bayes Rule comes out to be quite similar in application to the protected LSD rule due to Fisher.
The main purpose of this paper is to explain each of the tests which are mentioned above with respect to experiment-wise and comparison-wise approaches, and to provide a comparison between a Bayes Rule for the symmetric multiple comparison problem with the others.
Search for OB stars running away from young star clusters. I. NGC 6611
Creators: name: Gvaramadze, V. V.
name: Bomans, D. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: N-body simulations have shown that the dynamical decay of the young (~1 Myr) Orion Nebula cluster could be responsible for the loss of at least half of its initial content of OB stars. This result suggests that other young stellar systems could also lose a significant fraction of their massive stars at the very beginning of their evolution. To confirm this expectation, we used the Mid-Infrared Galactic Plane Survey (completed by the Midcourse Space Experiment satellite) to search for bow shocks around a number of young ($\la$ several Myr) clusters and OB associations. We discovered dozens of bow shocks generated by OB stars running away from these stellar systems, supporting the idea of significant dynamical loss of OB stars. In this paper, we report the discovery of three bow shocks produced by O-type stars ejected from the open cluster NGC6611 (M16). One of the bow shocks is associated with the O9.5Iab star HD165319, which was suggested to be one of "the best examples for isolated Galactic high-mass star formation" (de Wit et al. 2005, A&A, 437, 247). Possible implications of our results for the origin of field OB stars are discussed.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Additional file 8 of Narrow environmental niches predict land-use responses and vulnerability of land snail assemblages
Creators: name: Wehner, Katja
name: Renker, Carsten
name: Simons, Nadja K.
name: Weisser, Wolfgang W.
name: Blüthgen, Nico
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 8: Appendix 8. Influence of the abundance-weighted mean (AWM) of land-use intensity (LUI) on the maximum shell size, number of offspring, light preference, humidity preference, drought resistance and inundation tolerance in grasslands. Species in italics are land-use “winners”, species in bold are land-use “losers”.
Universal Non-Volatile Resistive Switching Behavior in 2D Metal Dichalcogenides Featuring Unique Conductive-Point Random Access Memory Effect
Creators: name: Wu, Xiaohan
name: Ge, Ruijing
name: Gu, Yuqian
name: Okogbue, Emmanuel
name: Shi, Jianping
name: Shivayogimath, Abhay
name: Bøggild, Peter
name: Booth, Timothy J.
name: Zhang, Yanfeng
name: Jung, Yeonwoong
name: Lee, Jack C.
name: Akinwande, Deji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-dimensional materials have been discovered to exhibit non-volatile resistive switching (NVRS) phenomenon. In our work, we reported the universal NVRS behavior in a dozen metal dichalcogenides, featuring low switching voltage, large on/off ratio, fast switching speed and forming free characteristics. A unique conductive-point random access memory (CPRAM) effect is used to explain the switching mechanisms, supported by experimental results from current-sweep measurements.
description: 3 pages, 5 figures, IEEE conference(2021 5th EDTM)
title: Realities Equation
title: Equation for realities understanding
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Stone, Travis Raymond-Charlie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Realities equation:

It does not describe a moment or measurement it describes the mechanism of becoming:

S=(+\-m)(+\-t)(+\-f)^( Infinity)

This equation encapsulates reality as a continuously evolving recursion of mass, time, and force expanding, collapsing, and harmonizing across all possible dimensions, states, and interactions.
title: On the Sampling Distribution of Entropy Function
Creators: name: Fu-Charo, Pan
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1979

description: Since the introduction of Shannon's Entropy Function in a non-probabilistic setting [l], there has been an expectancy that it will provide a useful measure for the fuzzy cluster validity problem. We hope to demonstrate here (empirically) by Monte Carlo simulation that the entropy Hc(U) of fuzzy c-partitions (U) defined below has expectaction
E(Hc(U)) = ∑ck=2 1/k
and variance
Var(Hc(U)) = 1/n(∑ck=2 1/k2 - (c-1)/(c+1)(π2/6) - 1).
Furthermore, for sufficiently large n, that H is approximately normal.
In this report we propose a method which generates the required fuzzy matrix needed for the simulation. After we finish the simulation, we shall study the empirical distribution of Hc(U) at c=2 and 3 using statistical hypothesis testing.
title: Erste Ordnung zur Änderung des Besonderen Teils der Prüfungsordnung für den 1-Fach-Bachelorstudiengang „Mathematik" der Carl-Friedrich-Gauß-Fakultät an der Technischen Universität Braunschweig
Creators: name: Technische Universität Braunschweig, Fakultät
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Prüfungsordnung
subject: 379

description: Hochschulöffentliche Bekanntmachungen der Technischen Universität Braunschweig, vol. 1603
Additional file 1 of Evaluating the effect of educational intervention based on the health belief model on the lifestyle related to premenstrual syndrome and reduction of its symptoms among the first-grade high school girls
Creators: name: Khalilzadeh, Parisa
name: Amirzadeh-iranagh, Jamileh
name: Khalkhali, Hamid Reza
name: Maheri, Mina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Details of the training sessions.
Photoelectron spectroscopy of unstable molecules : multiply bonded nitrogen compounds
Creators: name: MacDonald, Charles Bruce
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: As part of a continuing investigation of the electronic structure of unstable and transient molecules, the vacuum ultra—violet photoelectron spectra of thirteen compounds ( CH₂=NCH₃, CH₃CH=NH, H₂C(CN ) ₂ , Cl₂C(CN}₂, Br₂C(CN)₂, ClNCO, BrNCO, INCO, ClNNN, BrNNN, ClSCN, BrSCN, and (SCN)₂) have been obtained. The spectra have been assigned using vibrational analysis of the band shapes, molecular orbital theory, comparisons to similar and isoelectronic molecules, and variations of relative band cross-sections with photon energy. All the molecules studied contain multiply bonded nitrogen, and most involve pseudohalogen functional groups. This work provides the first gas phase detection and spectroscopic results for several halogan pseudohalide molecules. The azide, isocyanate, and thiocyanate functional groups are investigated by following the perturbation of an off-axis halogen atom. The effect of replacing a halogen with a cyano group is also demonstrated in several instances. Correlation of photoelectron spectra of cyano molecules, with their halogen analogues is shown to be useful in interpreting the results. Small, substituted imines belong to a group of molecules of current astrophysical interest. High yield preparative routes for CH₂=NCH₃ and CH₃CH=NH have been developed, and the molecules studied by photoelectron spectroscopy.
Boundary-aware Transformers for Skin Lesion Segmentation
Creators: name: Wang, Jiacheng
name: Wei, Lan
name: Wang, Liansheng
name: Zhou, Qichao
name: Zhu, Lei
name: Qin, Jing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Skin lesion segmentation from dermoscopy images is of great importance for improving the quantitative analysis of skin cancer. However, the automatic segmentation of melanoma is a very challenging task owing to the large variation of melanoma and ambiguous boundaries of lesion areas. While convolutional neutral networks (CNNs) have achieved remarkable progress in this task, most of existing solutions are still incapable of effectively capturing global dependencies to counteract the inductive bias caused by limited receptive fields. Recently, transformers have been proposed as a promising tool for global context modeling by employing a powerful global attention mechanism, but one of their main shortcomings when applied to segmentation tasks is that they cannot effectively extract sufficient local details to tackle ambiguous boundaries. We propose a novel boundary-aware transformer (BAT) to comprehensively address the challenges of automatic skin lesion segmentation. Specifically, we integrate a new boundary-wise attention gate (BAG) into transformers to enable the whole network to not only effectively model global long-range dependencies via transformers but also, simultaneously, capture more local details by making full use of boundary-wise prior knowledge. Particularly, the auxiliary supervision of BAG is capable of assisting transformers to learn position embedding as it provides much spatial information. We conducted extensive experiments to evaluate the proposed BAT and experiments corroborate its effectiveness, consistently outperforming state-of-the-art methods in two famous datasets.
title: Vierte Ordnung zur Änderung des Besonderen Teils der Prüfungsordnung für den Masterstudiengang „Mathematik" der Carl-Friedrich-Gauß-Fakultät an der Technischen Universität Braunschweig
Creators: name: Technische Universität Braunschweig, Fakultät
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Prüfungsordnung
subject: 379

description: Hochschulöffentliche Bekanntmachungen der Technischen Universität Braunschweig, vol. 1604
title: Functional Analysis Techniques in Numerical Analysis
Creators: name: Schoenfeld, Kenneth D.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1974

description: In this paper we will consider the problem of selecting the best, or optimal, numerical method of solution to a given mathematical problem. The admissible numerical methods will be a clearly defined set for each problem. Obviously, in order to find the best method in this set, we must have a clear mathematical formulation of just what "best" means; this will be the intent of Theorem 0.1. Intuitively, the best method will be understood to be the one which minimizes the maximum possible error where this error will be measured in terms of the norm of a given Hilbert space.
Each succeeding chapter in this paper will be a different example in finding an optimal technique. The actual examples and the numerical methods used to solve them may have little in common; however, the techniques used to prove that a certain method is optimal will have a unifying theme - each of the proofs will revolve around the use of functional analysis techniques, particularly techniques involving Hilbert space theory.
The examples will be based on sections from Numerical Processes In Differential Equations by I. Babuska, M. Prager, and E. Vitasek (these examples may be found in [l, pp. 42-47, 72-78, 170-181]). This book is an English translation of the Czech version which was published in 1964. It is also a book in which the word "obvious" is used liberally. The intent of this paper is to make some 'of these missing "obvious" parts. of the proofs more obvious.
Quantum radiation from superluminal refractive index perturbations
Creators: name: Belgiorno, F.
name: Cacciatori, S. L.
name: Ortenzi, G.
name: Sala, V. G.
name: Faccio, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze in detail photon production induced by a superluminal refractive index perturbation in realistic experimental operating conditions. The interaction between the refractive index perturbation and the quantum vacuum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field leads to the production of photon pairs.
description: 4 pages
Additional file 9 of Narrow environmental niches predict land-use responses and vulnerability of land snail assemblages
Creators: name: Wehner, Katja
name: Renker, Carsten
name: Simons, Nadja K.
name: Weisser, Wolfgang W.
name: Blüthgen, Nico
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 9: Appendix 9. Influence of the abundance-weighted mean (AWM) of mowing on the maximum shell size, number of offspring, light preference, humidity preference, drought resistance and inundation tolerance in grasslands. Species in italics are land-use “winners”, species in bold are land-use “losers”.
title: Properties of the Difference of Squares of Consecutive Prime Numbers and Their Relationship with Digital Roots
title: Propiedades de las  Diferencias de Cuadrados de los Primos Consecutivos y su Relación con más Raíces Digitales
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Vidal, Emanuel R
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description:   This work investigates a fundamental property of consecutive prime numbers greater than or equal to 5. We demonstrate that the differences of their squares consistently exhibit digital roots of 3, 6, or 9, directly linked to their divisibility by 3. Statistical analysis reveals distinct frequency patterns among these digital roots, with 3 and 6 occurring with similar frequency while 9 shows reduced but asymptotically converging occurrence. This discovery provides new insights into prime number distribution and suggests connections to unsolved problems in number theory, including the Twin Prime Conjecture. The findings are supported by both algebraic proofs and extensive computational verification up to 10 elevado a la 9
title: Stochastic Integration
Creators: name: Knipfer, Diane
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1977

description: Differential equations have been used to model physical systems, but in many processes this has not been sufficient due to the presence of random occurrences in the system. One method of dealing with this problem is to model the system as a stochastic or random process.
A stochastic process, x, is a function mapping the product of a probability space, Ω, and a subset of the real numbers, TcR, into the real numbers, x: Ω*T→R. In many physical situations, T can be thought of as representing time and Ω as all possible outcomes of the process. For a fixed t ∈T, xt(·) is a random variable, and for a fixed ωƐΩ, x (ω) is called a sample function for the stochastic process. (For notational convenience, a stochastic process xt(ω) will be denoted by xt, the outcome, ω, being understood.)
Genetic abnormality of sperm in smoker
Creators: name: Supattra Poeaim
name: Thanyaphat Promson
name: Apichart Kidsanapasit
name: Anurug Poeaim
name: Pornchai Laipasu
Publisher: name: Genetics Society of Thailand
Year: 2008
Subjects: cigarette, chromosome aberration, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)

description: 1, 1, Thai Journal of Genetics
title: Computer Program Generation of Extreme Value Distribution Data
Creators: name: Lei, Stephen (Wan-tsing)
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1986

description: The application of the Monte Carlo method on the estimation in Gumbel extreme value distribution was studied. The Gumbel extreme value distribution is used to estimate the flood flow of specific return period for the design of flood mitigation project. This paper is a programming effort (1) to estimate the parameters of Gumbel distribution using the observed data and (2) to provide a random variate generating subroutine to generate random samples and order statistics of a Gumbel distribution random variable. The mean squared error is used to measure the accuracy of the estimation method. Finally, an example of the use of these programs is given to illustrate application in the analysis of a hydrologic system.
title: Zehnte Ordnung zur Änderung des Besonderen Teils der Prüfungsordnung für den Masterstudiengang „Wirtschaftsinformatik" der Carl-Friedrich-Gauß-Fakultät an der Technischen Universität Braunschweig
Creators: name: Technische Universität Braunschweig, Fakultät
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Prüfungsordnung
subject: 379

description: Hochschulöffentliche Bekanntmachungen der Technischen Universität Braunschweig, vol. 1605
Discovery of a highly energetic pulsar associated with IGR J14003-6326 in a young uncataloged Galactic supernova remnant G310.6-1.6
Creators: name: Renaud, M.
name: Marandon, V.
name: Gotthelf, E. V.
name: Rodriguez, J.
name: Terrier, R.
name: Mattana, F.
name: Lebrun, F.
name: Tomsick, J. A.
name: Manchester, R. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of 31.18 ms pulsations from the INTEGRAL source IGR J14003-6326 using the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE). This pulsar is most likely associated with the bright Chandra X-ray point source lying at the center of G310.6-1.6, a previously unrecognised Galactic composite supernova remnant with a bright central non-thermal radio and X-ray nebula, taken to be the pulsar wind nebula (PWN). PSR J1400-6325 is amongst the most energetic rotation-powered pulsars in the Galaxy, with a spin-down luminosity of Edot = 5.1E+37 erg.s-1. In the rotating dipole model, the surface dipole magnetic field strength is B_s = 1.1E+12 G and the characteristic age tau_c = P/2Pdot = 12.7 kyr. The high spin-down power is consistent with the hard spectral indices of the pulsar and the nebula of 1.22 +/- 0.15 and 1.83 +/- 0.08, respectively, and a 2-10 keV flux ratio F_PWN/F_PSR ~ 8. Follow-up Parkes observations resulted in the detection of radio emission at 10 and 20 cm from PSR J1400-6325 at a dispersion measure of ~ 560 cm-3 pc, which implies a relatively large distance of 10 +/- 3 kpc. However, the resulting location off the Galactic Plane of ~ 280 pc would be much larger than the typical thickness of the molecular disk, and we argue that G310.6-1.6 lies at a distance of ~ 7 kpc. There is no gamma-ray counterpart to the nebula or pulsar in the Fermi data published so far. A multi-wavelength study of this new composite supernova remnant, from radio to very-high energy gamma-rays, suggests a young (< 1000 yr) system, formed by a sub-energetic (~ 1E+50 ergs), low ejecta mass (M_ej ~ 3 Msun) SN explosion that occurred in a low-density environment (n_0 ~ 0.01 cm-3).
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ (after responding to referee's comments, expanded version after the radio detection of the pulsar)
Additional file 1 of Social inequalities in mild and severe myocardial infarction: how large is the gap in health expectancies?
Creators: name: Tetzlaff, Juliane
name: Geyer, Siegfried
name: Westhoff-Bleck, Mechthild
name: Sperlich, Stefanie
name: Epping, Jelena
name: Tetzlaff, Fabian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1.
Electron spin relaxation of Cu(II) dithiocarbamates in solution: a study of reorientational correlation times in toluene
Creators: name: Phillips, Paul Stewart
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: A series of Cu(II)-63 dithiocarbamates with alkyl and cycloalkyl substituents of various shape, size and rigidity has been prepared. Their rotational correlation times (Ƭ₂) were measured (in the fast motional regime) in toluene using the line-widths of their ESR spectra. The ESR spectra were recorded on paper tape with a digital acquisition system and analysed on an Amdahl 470 computer utilising specially written programs. This procedure results in a substantial improvement in precision over earlier manual methods. The observed correlation times were compared with those calculated by the QLRF model, the conditional free rotation model, the Stokes-Einstein and Perrin 'stick' hydrodynamic models and the 'slip' hydro- -dynamic model. The results in relation to Pecora's extension of the hydrodynamic model are also discussed. The statistical mechanical and 'stick' hydrodynamic models proved unsatisfactory. The results are adequately described by the 'slip' hydrodynamic model with an additional term ascribable to a free-rotation correlation time (Ƭ₀); i.e. Ƭ₂ = Cn + Ƭ₀ ¯¯¯ Ƭ where n is the viscosity of the solvent and C is a function of the size and shape of the molecule calculated from the ' slip ' theory.