cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The regulatory landscape of the glioma-associated transcription factor Capicua
Creators: name: Firme, Juan Marlo R.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: The metazoan developmental gene capicua transcriptional repressor (CIC) encodes a transcription factor that transduces receptor tyrosine kinase signaling into gene expression changes. Aberrant CIC function is implicated in oligodendroglioma (ODG) development since one CIC allele is lost while the other is mutated in ~70% of ODGs. We therefore investigated how CIC can affect gene expression at a genome-wide level by inactivating CIC in HEK293a cells and subsequently measuring gene expression changes using microarrays. From this, gene expression changes spanning entire chromosomes were detected. Additionally, 24 candidate CIC-regulated genes were identified in HEK293a cells that also have evidence of CIC-dependent regulation in ODGs sequenced by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Of these 24 genes, 5 genes (CNTFR, DUSP6, GPR3, SHC3, and SPRY4) with reported functions in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and central nervous system (CNS) development were further validated to undergo CIC-dependent regulation in HeLa cells. Finally, investigating how different CIC mutations affect gene expression revealed that different types of ODG-associated CIC mutations either abrogated or potentially preserved CIC’s transcriptionally repressive activity. These findings shed insight into possible roles for CIC in regulating gene expression at a chromosome-wide scale, MAPK signaling, CNS development, and ODG development.
Synthesis of achiral rod-shaped triazolic molecules and investigation of their striped texture and propeller-patterned nematic droplets
Creators: name: Benalloua, Souria
name: Saidi-Besbes, Salima
name: Bouyacoub, Abdelatif
name: Grelet, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this study, novel achiral mesogens containing 4,4'-biphenyl central core connected on both sides through an ester function to 1-(4-(alkyloxy)phenyl)-1H-[1,2,3]-triazolyl group have been synthesized and characterized. Different mesophases have been identified, with the appearance of both a periodic striped pattern and propeller-patterned droplets close to the transition between the nematic and the smectic-C phases. This periodic texture has been found to be independent of the geometry of the sample cell. These observations suggest a spontaneous symmetry breaking which can result either from an intrinsic enantioselective self-sorting process with a chirality synchronization mechanism, or from an extrinsic surface mechanism at the interface between the two phases.
Delivering Chinese voices to Australian audiences: CCTV's search for congruence between its frames and those of audiences
Creators: name: Li, Mei
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2022
Subjects: classificationCode: 399999
subject: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: This project explored firstly how China’s image is framed by public diplomacy (PD) elites in China and Australia and their views on the role of media in soft power generation and projection; and secondly, with the case of One Belt One Road Initiative (OBOR), China’s most recent comprehensive strategy to generate wider cooperation and prosperity in a wide arc of countries; how China’s discourse is framed comparatively by its own media channel CCTV NEWS (now CGTN) and intended target audiences to examine congruence. CCTV NEWS has adopted the multinational formula exemplified by CNN by incorporating Western anchors and Western news production values. The practice culture as an index of framing culture had also been discussed to make sense of the frame construction under China’s current institution and possible frame reception among audiences The research is situated under symbolic interactionism and the constructivist approach to analyse the information flow under the constructivist international relations. It is ideographic, interpretive and qualitative and does not seek to prove causality, though it does recognise that Chinese PD elites have an intention to influence and treat audiences as targets. In-depth interviews, observation and online focus group discussion have been used as data-collecting methods and framing analysis was used for the analysis of the collected data, plus the state documents and CCTV NEWS features on OBOR. Frames from CCTV programs about OBOR were found to have limited congruence with those of Australian stakeholders in China-Australia relations despite the program format and quality being rendered similar to Western models through the use of Western anchors, journalists and production values. There is the obstacle of stereotypical frames of China that needs to be carefully studied and addressed. In networked society wherein public diplomacy prevails, media as a channel of projection shows its limitation in leading discourse; but the mobilisation among media practitioners grant media outlets a dual role, as both a tool and a network hub.
Ab Initio Exchange Interactions and Magnetic Properties of Intermetallic Compound Gd(2)Fe(17-x)Ga(x)
Creators: name: Kokorina, E. E.
name: Medvedev, M. V.
name: Nekrasov, I. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Intermetallic compounds R2Fe17 are perspective for applications as permanent magnets. Technologically these systems must have Curie temperature Tc much higher than room temperature and preferably have easy axis anisotropy. At the moment highest Tc among stoichiometric R2Fe17 materials is 476 K, which is not high enough. There are two possibilities to increase Tc: substitution of Fe ions with non-magnetic elements or introduction of light elements into interstitial positions. In this work we have focused our attention on substitution scenario of Curie temperature rising observed experimentally in Gd(2)Fe(17-x)Ga(x) (x=0,3,6) compounds. In the framework of the LSDA approach electronic structure and magnetic properties of the compounds were calculated. Ab initio exchange interaction parameters within the Fe sublattice for all nearest Fe ions were obtained. Employing the theoretical values of exchange parameters Curie temperatures Tc of Gd(2)Fe(17-x)Ga(x) within mean-field theory were estimated. Obtained values of Tc agree well with experiment. Also LSDA computed values of total magnetic moment coincide with experimental ones.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, 4 tables, Proceedings for EASTMAG-2010, June 28 - July 2 2010, Ekaterinburg, Russia
The alpha-effect in rotating convection: a comparison of numerical simulations
Creators: name: Hughes, D. W.
name: Proctor, M. R. E.
name: Cattaneo, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Numerical simulations are an important tool in furthering our understanding of turbulent dynamo action, a process that occurs in a vast range of astrophysical bodies. It is important in all computational work that comparisons are made between different codes and, if non-trivial differences arise, that these are explained. Kapyla et al (2010: MNRAS 402, 1458) describe an attempt to reproduce the results of Hughes & Proctor (2009: PRL 102, 044501) and, by employing a different methodology, they arrive at very different conclusions concerning the mean electromotive force and the generation of large-scale fields. Here we describe why the simulations of Kapyla et al (2010) are simply not suitable for a meaningful comparison, since they solve different equations, at different parameter values and with different boundary conditions. Furthermore we describe why the interpretation of Kapyla et al (2010) of the calculation of the alpha-effect is inappropriate and argue that the generation of large-scale magnetic fields by turbulent convection remains a problematic issue.
description: Submitted to MNRAS. 5 pages, 3 figures
Stability of coorbital planets around binaries
Creators: name: Adelbert, Stefan
name: Penzlin, Anna B. T.
name: Schäfer, Christoph M.
name: Kley, Wilhelm
name: Quarles, Billy
name: Sfair, Rafael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In previous hydrodynamical simulations, we found a mechanism for nearly circular binary stars, like Kepler-413, to trap two planets in a stable 1:1 resonance. Therefore, the stability of coorbital configurations becomes a relevant question for planet formation around binary stars. Here, we investigate the coorbital planet stability using a Kepler-413 analogue as example and then expanding the parameters to study general n-body stability of planet pairs in eccentric horseshoe orbits around binaries. The stability is tested by evolving the planet orbits for $10^5$ binary periods with varying initial semi-major axes and planet eccentricities. The unstable region of a single circumbinary planet is used as a comparison to the investigated coorbital configurations in this work. We confirm previous findings on the stability of single planets and find a first order linear relation between orbit eccentricity and pericentre to identify stable orbits for various binary configurations. Such a linear relation is also found for the stability of 1:1 resonant planets around binaries. Stable orbits for eccentric horseshoe configurations exist with a pericentre closer than seven binary separations and, in the case of Kepler-413, the pericentre of the first stable orbit can be approximated by $r_{c,peri} = (2.88 e_p + 2.46) a_{bin}$.
description: 9 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication by A&A
Nemoura spinacerca Sivec & Stark 2010, sp. n.
Creators: name: Sivec, Ignac
name: Stark, Bill P.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Plecoptera
Nemouridae
Nemoura
Nemoura spinacerca

description: Nemoura spinacerca sp. n. (Figs. 17-20) Material examined. Holotype ♂ and 15♂ paratypes from Phu Hin Rongkla National Park, Huai Man Daeng Noi trail, near km 2, 101° 03’ N, 16° 47’ E, 1600 m, Loei Province, Thailand, 27 March 2002, Chiang Mai University Team, Malaise Trap (PMSL). Additional Paratypes: Thailand: Type locality, 22 April 2002, 33♂ (PMSL). Type locality 22 May 2002, 50♂, 42♀ (PMSL). Type locality, 20 May-21 June 2002, 60♂ (PMSL). Type locality, 20 July-23 August 2002, 12♂, 14♀ (BPS). Type locality, 22-23 August 2002, 4♂ (PMSL). Type locality, 27 August-27 September, 7♂, 58♀ (PMSL). Type locality, 21 September-21 October 2002, 9♂, 31♀ (PMSL). Type locality, 21 October-16 November 2002, 5♂ (PMSL). Type locality, 14 November-14 December 2002, 3♂ (PMSL). Type locality, 17 December 2002 - 17 January 2003, 4♂ (PMSL). Type locality, 10 January-10 February 2003, 4♂ (PMSL). Type locality, 10 February-17 March 2003, 5♂ (PMSL). Type locality, 17 March- 10 April 2003, 16♂, 8♀ (BPS). Type locality, 5 April-5 May 2003, 33♂ (BPS). Type locality, 5 May-5 June 2003, 31♂ (PMSL). Adult habitus. General color brown. Antennae uniformly brown. Legs uniformly pale brown. Male. Forewing length 7 mm. Tergum 9 with a pair of sparse patches of sensilla basiconica and tergum 10 with a few sensilla basiconica along anterior margin (Fig. 17). Epiproct short, wide, constricted apically and bearing an apical pair of large, sclerotized hooks that curve outward and a pair of short parallel median lobes that are closely appressed. Cerci wide, with a mesoventral spine and an apical finger-like process (Figs. 17-19). Vesicle about twice as long as wide (Fig. 18). Female. Forewing length 9 mm. Sternum 7 produced into wide strongly sclerotized lobe reaching nearly the half of sternite 8 (Fig. 20); apex truncate. Larva. Unknown. Etymology. The species name refers to the prominent ventral cercal spine. Diagnosis. See N. stylocerca below. This species is a member of the Cercispinosa Complex recognized by Baumann (1975).
description: Published as part of Sivec, Ignac & Stark, Bill P., 2010, Eight New Species Of The Genus Nemoura (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) From Thailand And Vietnam, pp. 277-287 in Illiesia 6 (21) on page 284, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4760051
description: {"references": ["Baumann, R. W. 1975. Revision of the stonefly family Nemouridae (Plecoptera): A study of the world fauna at the generic level. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 211: 1 - 74."]}
Mgii h&k fine structure prominence modelling and the consequences for observations
Creators: name: Peat, Aaron W.
name: Labrosse, Nicolas
name: Gouttebroze, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims: Using 2D Mgii h&k solar prominence modelling, our aim is to understand the formation of complex line profiles and how these are seen by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS). Additionally, we see how the properties of these simulated observations are interpreted through the use of traditional 1D prominence modelling.
 Methods: We used a cylindrical non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) 2D complete redistribution (CRD) code to generate a set of cylindrical prominence strands, which we stacked behind each other to produce complex line profiles. Then, with the use of the point spread functions (PSFs) of IRIS, we were able to predict how IRIS would observe these line profiles. We then used the 1D NLTE code PROM in combination with the Cross Root Mean Square method (xRMS) to find the properties recovered by traditional 1D prominence modelling.
 Results: Velocities of magnitude lower than 10 km/s are sufficient to produce asymmetries in the Mgii h&k lines. However, convolution of these with the PSFs of IRIS obscures this detail and returns standard looking single peaks. By increasing the velocities by a factor of three, we recover asymmetric profiles even after this convolution. The properties recovered by xRMS appear adequate at first, but the line profiles chosen to fit these profiles do not satisfactorily represent the line profiles. This is likely due to the large line width of the simulated profiles.
 Conclusions: Asymmetries can be introduced by multithread models with independent Doppler velocities. The large line width created by these models makes it difficult for traditional 1D forward modelling to find good matches. This may also demonstrate degeneracies in the solution recovered by single-species 1D modelling.
description: 13 pages, 18 figures
Radiative lifetime of the $a\ ^3Σ^+$ state of HeH$^+$ from ab initio calculations
Creators: name: Loreau, J.
name: Liévin, J.
name: Vaeck, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first metastable triplet state of HeH$^+$ was found to be present in ion beam experiments, with its lifetime estimated to be between hundreds of milliseconds and thousand of seconds. In this work, we use {\it ab initio} methods to evaluate the radiative lifetimes of the six vibrational levels of the $a\ ^3Σ^+$ of HeH$^+$. The transition $a\ ^3Σ^+ \rightarrow X \ ^1Σ^+$ is spin-forbidden, but acquires intensity through spin-orbit interaction with the singlet and triplet $Π$ states. Large scale CASSCF/MRCI calculations using an adapted basis set were performed to determine the potential energy curves of the relevant states of HeH$^+$ as well as the matrix elements of the dipole and spin-orbit operators. The wave functions and energies of the vibrational levels of the $a\ ^3Σ^+$ and $X \ ^1Σ^+$ states are obtained using a B-spline method and compared to previous works. We find that radiative lifetime of the vibrational levels increases strongly with $v$, the lifetime of the $v=0$ state being of 150 s. We also analyze the contributions from discrete and continuum parts of the spectrum. With such a long lifetime, the $a\ ^3Σ^+$ state could have astrophysical implications.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Spin and Orbital Order of the Vanadium Spinel MgV2O4
Creators: name: Wheeler, Elisa M.
name: Lake, Bella
name: Islam, A. T. M. Nazmul
name: Reehuis, Manfred
name: Steffens, Paul
name: Guidi, Tatiana
name: Hill, Adrian H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a unique study of the frustrated spinel MgV2O4 which possesses highly coupled spin, lattice and orbital degrees of freedom. Using large single-crystal and powder samples, we find a distortion from spinel at room temperature (space group F-43m) which allows for a greater trigonal distortion of the VO6 octahedra and a low temperature space group (I-4m2) that maintains the mirror plane symmetry. The magnetic structure that develops below 42 K consists of antiferromagnetic chains with a strongly reduced moment while inelastic neutron scattering reveals one-dimensional behavior and a single band of excitations. The implications of these results are discussed in terms of various orbital ordering scenarios. We conclude that although spin-orbit coupling must be significant to maintain the mirror plane symmetry, the trigonal distortion is large enough to mix the 3d levels leading to a wave function of mixed real and complex orbitals.
WEBINAR: AlphaFold: what's in it for me?
Creators: name: Morton, Craig
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Machine Learning
subject: Structural Biology
subject: Proteins
subject: Drug discovery
subject: AlphaFold
subject: AI
subject: Artificial Intelligence
subject: Deep learning
subject: http://edamontology.org/topic_0091
subject: http://edamontology.org/topic_3474
subject: http://edamontology.org/topic_1317
subject: http://edamontology.org/topic_0078
subject: http://edamontology.org/topic_3336

description: This record includes training materials associated with the Australian BioCommons webinar ‘WEBINAR: AlphaFold: what’s in it for me?’. This webinar took place on 18 April 2023. Event description  AlphaFold has taken the scientific world by storm with the ability to accurately predict the structure of any protein in minutes using artificial intelligence (AI). From drug discovery to enzymes that degrade plastics, this promises to speed up and fundamentally change the way that protein structures are used in biological research. Beyond the hype, what does this mean for structural biology as a field (and as a career)? Dr Craig Morton, Drug Discovery Lead at the CSIRO, is an early adopter of AlphaFold and has decades of expertise in protein structure / function, protein modelling, protein – ligand interactions and computational small molecule drug discovery, with particular interest in anti-infective agents for the treatment of bacterial and viral diseases. Craig joins this webinar to share his perspective on the implications of AlphaFold for science and structural biology. He will give an overview of how AlphaFold works, ways to access AlphaFold, and some examples of how it can be used for protein structure/function analysis. Materials are shared under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International agreement unless otherwise specified and were current at the time of the event. Files and materials included in this record: Event metadata (PDF): Information about the event including, description, event URL, learning objectives, prerequisites, technical requirements etc. Index of training materials (PDF): List and description of all materials associated with this event including the name, format, location and a brief description of each file. Materials shared elsewhere: A recording of this webinar is available on the Australian BioCommons YouTube Channel: https://youtu.be/4ytn2_AiH8s
Directionality effects of pulse-like near field ground motions on seismic response of tall buildings
Creators: name: Archila, Manuel
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2014

description: Earthquake ground shaking at near-field sites has produced severe damage to buildings and infrastructure, caused large economic and human losses. These earthquakes continue to pose a great threat to many populous urban centers around the world. Over the last 4 decades, major research efforts have been devoted to characterize near-field ground motions and their effects on the response of buildings. A challenging engineering problem that remains unsolved in the seismic design of buildings is the directionality effect of near-field pulse-like ground motions on tall buildings. This dissertation presents a computationally efficient method to calculate the critical displacement response of tall buildings. In this method, the duration and amplitude of the ground velocity pulses contained in the input motion and the building’s first mode translational period are compared to determine the orientation of the Conditional Maximum Velocity (CMV), a new ground motion metric. Nonlinear response history analyses (NRHA) using the CMV ground motion provide a close estimate of the critical displacement response of a tall building along the structural axis. The CMV Method is developed on the basis of a series of parametric studies. First synthetic pulse-like excitations and simple structures were used to systematically investigate the effects of pulse duration and amplitude on the dynamic elastic and inelastic response of structures. It is found that the critical displacement response is influenced significantly by the CMV ground motion. This finding is further validated through series of NRHA of simple structures and several case study tall buildings to near-field ground motion records. It is shown that the NRHA using CMV ground motions result in approximate, but significantly accurate estimates of the critical displacement with small errors and moderate dispersion. Ground motion pairs rotated to fault-normal (FN) orientation do not always result in the critical displacement response. Neither does the maximum direction (MD) ground motion at the fundamental period of the building. Analyses made using FN or MD may result in significant underestimates of critical displacement response compared to the proposed CMV. The use of the CMV Method may lead to a better quantification of potential seismic demands on tall buildings.
Cold three-body collisions in hydrogen-hydrogen-alkali atomic system
Creators: name: Wang, Yujun
name: D'Incao, J. P.
name: Esry, B. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied hydrogen-hydrogen-alkali three-body systems in the adiabatic hyperspherical representation. For the spin-stretched case, there exists a single $X$H molecular state when $X$ is one of the bosonic alkali atoms: $^7$Li, $^{23}$Na, $^{39}$K, $^{87}$Rb and $^{133}$Cs. As a result, the {\em only} recombination process is the one that leads to formation of $X$H molecules, H+H+$X$$\rightarrow$$X$H+H, and such molecules will be stable against vibrational relaxation. We have calculated the collision rates for recombination and collision induced dissociation as well as the elastic cross-sections for H+$X$H collisions up to a temperature of 0.5 K, including the partial wave contributions from $J^Π$=$0^+$ to $5^-$. We have also found that there is just one three-body bound state for such systems for $J^Π$=$0^+$ and no bound states for higher angular momenta.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, 4 tables
Sign reversal of the effective Hall coefficient in laminates
Creators: name: Kern, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the theory of composites, hierarchical laminate microstructures are known to often show optimal behavior. In this paper, their performance in the context of the Hall effect is evaluated. Using numerical calculations, it is shown that - despite the fact that they are the result of a simple layering process - they can mimic the behavior of chain-mail-inspired composites, which exhibit a sign-inversion of the effective Hall coefficient. To obtain such a hierarchical laminate, a two-step strategy is used: In the first step, a rank-three laminate with an effective $S$-tensor that has a sign-inverted trace is introduced. In the second step, the final isotropic hierarchical laminate is obtained from the rank-three laminate using an idea of Schulgasser's. As measured by the conductivity contrast required for the inversion as well as by the modulus of the obtained sign-inverted Hall coefficient, the identified hierarchical laminate performs better than the previously studied chain-mail-inspired composites.
InterFlowCeption: Foundations for Technological Enhancement of Interoception to Foster Flow States during Mental Work: About the potential of technologically supported body awareness to promote flow experiences during mental work
Creators: name: Berger, Christoph
name: Knierim, Michael Thomas
name: Benke, Ivo
name: Bartholomeyczik, Karen
name: Weinhardt, Christof
Publisher: name: ACM Digital Library
Year: 2023

description: Conducting mental work by interacting with digital technology increases productivity, but strains attentional capacities and mental well-being. In consequence, many mental workers try to cultivate their fow experience. However, this is complex and difcult to achieve. Nevertheless, current technological systems do not yet provide this support in mental work. As interoception, the individual bodily awareness is an underlying mechanism of numerous fow correlates, it might ofer a new approach for fow-supporting systems in these scenarios. Results from a survey study with 176 digital workers show that adaptive regulation of interoceptive sensations correlates with higher levels of fow and engagement. Additionally, regular mindfulness practices improved workers’ adaptive regulation of bodily signals. Based on these results and integrating the current literature, this work conceptualizes three future technological support systems, such as interoceptive biofeedback, and electrical or auditory stimulation to enhance interoceptive awareness and foster fow in mental work.
The UK Infrared Telescope M33 monitoring project. II. The star formation history in the central square kiloparsec
Creators: name: Javadi, Atefeh
name: van Loon, Jacco Th.
name: Mirtorabi, Mohammad Taghi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have conducted a near-infrared monitoring campaign at the UK InfraRed Telescope (UKIRT), of the Local Group spiral galaxy M33 (Triangulum). The main aim was to identify stars in the very final stage of their evolution, and for which the luminosity is more directly related to the birth mass than the more numerous less-evolved giant stars that continue to increase in luminosity. In this second paper of the series, we construct the birth mass function and hence derive the star formation history. The star formation rate has varied between ~0.002 and 0.007 M$_\odot$ yr^-1 kpc^-2. We give evidence of two epochs of a star formation rate enhanced by a factor of a few -- one that happened \geq 6 Gyr ago and produced \geq 80% of the total mass in stars, and one around 250 Myr ago that lasted ~ 200 Myr and formed \leq 6% of the mass in stars. We construct radial and azimuthal distributions in the image plane and in the galaxy plane for populations associated with old first-ascent red giant branch (RGB) stars, intermediate-age Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars and young (massive) blue and red supergiants. We find that the RGB stars follow a spheroidal distribution, while younger stars follow a flat-disc distribution. The intermediate-age population displays signs of a pseudo-bulge or possibly a bar. The inner spiral arm pattern as recorded in mid-19^th-century drawings is confirmed. We interpret our findings as evidence for an old, pressure-supported component and a younger disc formed 6 Gyr ago, with an accretion event occurring 250 Myr ago giving rise to the compact nucleus in M33. Our study provides support for recent Padova stellar evolution models except that super-AGB stars likely reach low temperatures and thus high mass-loss rates, supporting the super-AGB nature of the progenitors of dust-enshrouded supernovae such as SN2008S.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Fast Screening Rules for Optimal Design via Quadratic Lasso Reformulation
Creators: name: Sagnol, Guillaume
name: Pronzato, Luc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: G.3
subject: 62K05, 49M29

description: The problems of Lasso regression and optimal design of experiments share a critical property: their optimal solutions are typically \emph{sparse}, i.e., only a small fraction of the optimal variables are non-zero. Therefore, the identification of the support of an optimal solution reduces the dimensionality of the problem and can yield a substantial simplification of the calculations. It has recently been shown that linear regression with a \emph{squared} $\ell_1$-norm sparsity-inducing penalty is equivalent to an optimal experimental design problem. In this work, we use this equivalence to derive safe screening rules that can be used to discard inessential samples. Compared to previously existing rules, the new tests are much faster to compute, especially for problems involving a parameter space of high dimension, and can be used dynamically within any iterative solver, with negligible computational overhead. Moreover, we show how an existing homotopy algorithm to compute the regularization path of the lasso method can be reparametrized with respect to the squared $\ell_1$-penalty. This allows the computation of a Bayes $c$-optimal design in a finite number of steps and can be several orders of magnitude faster than standard first-order algorithms. The efficiency of the new screening rules and of the homotopy algorithm are demonstrated on different examples based on real data.
Filling and wetting transitions of nematic liquid crystals on sinusoidal substrates
Creators: name: Patricio, P.
name: Silvestre, N. M.
name: Pham, C. -T.
name: Romero-Enrique, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Close to sinusoidal substrates, simple fluids may undergo a filling transition, in which the fluid passes from a dry to a filled state, where the interface remains unbent but bound to the substrate. Increasing the surface field, the interface unbinds and a wetting transition occurs. We show that this double-transition sequence may be strongly modified in the case of ordered fluids, such as nematic liquid crystals. Depending on the preferred orientation of the nematic molecules at the structured substrate and at the isotropic-nematic interface, the filling transition may not exist, and the fluid passes directly from a dry to a complete-wet state, with the interface far from the substrate. More interestingly, in other situations, the complete wetting transition may be prevented, and the fluid passes from a dry to a filled state, and remains in this configuration, with the interface always attached to the substrate, even for very large surface fields. Both transitions are only observed for a same substrate in a narrow range of amplitudes.
The role of myoferlin and dysferlin in lung epithelial cell membrane functions and lung cancer
Creators: name: Leung, Suk Kei
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2014

description: Lung cancer is the deadliest cancer in the world. Almost all lung cancers originate from epithelial tissues within the lung. Lung epithelium provides a barrier to inhaled particulate matter and pathogens; hence, maintaining the normal epithelial integrity is important in defending against these foreign substances. Maintenance of lung epithelial integrity involves the collaboration of transmembrane and cytoplasmic proteins to form cellular junctions. Delivery of these junctional proteins to the cell membrane requires vesicle trafficking and membrane fusion events. Additionally, in the setting of lung tumors, vesicle trafficking and membrane fusion are also important in membrane remodeling and cell survival to facilitate tumor growth. Myoferlin and dysferlin are two transmembrane proteins that contribute to the repair of damaged cell membranes and expression of membrane proteins in multiple cell types. Based on the known functions of myoferlin and dysferlin in non-lung cells, I hypothesized that myoferlin and dysferlin have distinctive roles in normal and neoplastic lung epithelial cells. I provide evidence that attenuated myoferlin expression in human airway epithelial cells causes cell appearance changes, loss of adhesion and ultimately apoptosis. Loss of cell adhesion was associated with decreased expression of junctional protein zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1). Dysferlin gene silencing, on the other hand, did not have any effect on cell appearance, adhesion or ZO-1 expression. The pathophysiological role of myoferlin was further investigated in lung tumor. Myoferlin knockdown decreased both mouse lung tumor cell proliferation in vitro and solid lung tumor growth in a mouse tumor xenograft model. Subsequent investigation revealed that myoferlin knockdown impaired the resealing of ruptured membrane. These data have implications for the role of myoferlin in membrane remodeling that is essential for rapidly dividing tumor cells. In human lung tumor cells, myoferlin knockdown decreased both cell proliferation and invasion and these were attributed to decreased Akt activity. Since Akt activity is frequently hyperactivated during tumor development, these findings further support the possibility for new therapeutic strategies targeted at myoferlin for lung cancer. In summary, my work suggests that myoferlin has important functional roles in both normal and neoplastic lung epithelia.
Nonlinear elasticity of monolayer graphene
Creators: name: Cadelano, Emiliano
name: Palla, Pier Luca
name: Giordano, Stefano
name: Colombo, Luciano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By combining continuum elasticity theory and tight-binding atomistic simulations, we work out the constitutive nonlinear stress-strain relation for graphene stretching elasticity and we calculate all the corresponding nonlinear elastic moduli. Present results represent a robust picture on elastic behavior of one-atom thick carbon sheets and provide the proper interpretation of recent experiments. In particular, we discuss the physical meaning of the effective nonlinear elastic modulus there introduced and we predict its value in good agreement with available data. Finally, a hyperelastic softening behavior is observed and discussed, so determining the failure properties of graphene.
description: 4 pages
Non-Equilibrium Fluctuation-Dissipation Inequality and Non-Equilibrium Uncertainty Principle
Creators: name: Fleming, C. H.
name: Hu, B. L.
name: Roura, Albert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fluctuation-dissipation relation is usually formulated for a system interacting with a heat bath at finite temperature in the context of linear response theory, where only small deviations from the mean are considered. We show that for an open quantum system interacting with a non-equilibrium environment, where temperature is no longer a valid notion, a fluctuation-dissipation inequality exists. Clearly stated, quantum fluctuations are bounded below by quantum dissipation, whereas classically the fluctuations can be made to vanish. The lower bound of this inequality is exactly satisfied by (zero-temperature) quantum noise and is in accord with the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, both in its microscopic origins and its influence upon systems. Moreover, it is shown that the non-equilibrium fluctuation-dissipation relation determines the non-equilibrium uncertainty relation in the weak-damping limit.
description: 6 pages, no figures
Bottom-up dust nucleation theory in oxygen-rich evolved stars II. Magnesium and calcium aluminate clusters
Creators: name: Gobrecht, David
name: Hashemi, S. Rasoul
name: Plane, John M. C.
name: Bromley, Stefan T.
name: Nyman, Gunnar
name: Decin, Leen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spinel (MgAl$_{2}$O$_{4}$) and krotite (CaAl$_{2}$O$_{4}$) are alternative candidates to alumina (Al$_2$O$_3$) as primary dust condensates in the atmospheres of oxygen-rich evolved stars. Moreover, spinel was proposed as a potential carrier of the circumstellar 13 $μ$m feature. However, the formation of nucleating spinel clusters is challenging; in particular, the inclusion of Mg constitutes a kinetic bottleneck. We aim to understand the initial steps of cosmic dust formation (i.e. nucleation) in oxygen-rich environments using a quantum-chemical bottom-up approach. Starting with an elemental gas-phase composition, we constructed a detailed chemical-kinetic network that describes the formation and destruction of magnesium-, calcium-, and aluminium-bearing molecules as well as the smallest dust-forming (MgAl$_{2}$O$_{4}$)$_1$ and (CaAl$_{2}$O$_{4}$)$_1$ monomer clusters. Different formation scenarios with exothermic pathways were explored, including the alumina (Al$_2$O$_3$) cluster chemistry studied in Paper I of this series. The resulting extensive network was applied to two model stars, a semi-regular variable and a Mira-type star, and to different circumstellar gas trajectories, including a non-pulsating outflow and a pulsating model. We employed global optimisation techniques to find the most favourable (MgAl$_2$O$_4$)$_n$, (CaAl$_2$O$_4$)$_n$, and mixed (Mg$_x$Ca$_{(1-x)}$Al$_2$O$_4$)$_n$ isomers, with $n$=1$-$7 and x$\in$[0..1], and we used high level quantum-chemical methods to determine their potential energies. The growth of larger clusters with $n$=2$-$7 is described by the temperature-dependent Gibbs free energies.In the considered stellar outflow models, spinel clusters do not form in significant amounts. However, we find that in the Mira-type non-pulsating model CaAl$_2$O$_3$(OH)$_2$, a hydroxylated form of the calcium aluminate krotite monomer forms ...
description: 20 pages, 25 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
The role of excitons and trions on electron spin polarization in quantum wells
Creators: name: Aceituno, P.
name: Hernandez-Cabrera, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the time evolution of the electron spin polarization under continuous photoexcitation in remotely n-doped semiconductor quantum wells. The doped region allows us to get the necessary excess of free electrons to form trions. We have considered electron resonant photoexcitation at free, exciton and trion electron energy levels. Also, we have studied the relative effect of photoexcitation energy density and doping concentration. In order to obtain the two-dimensional density evolution of the different species, we have performed dynamic calculations through the matrix density formalism. Our results indicate that photoexcitation of free electron level leads to a higher spin polarization. Also, we have found that increasing the photoexcitation energy or diminishing the doping enhances spin polarization.
description: 30 pages, 11 figures, 1 table
Statistical analysis of historic hydrocarbon production data from Gulf of Mexico oil and gas fields and application to dynamic capacity assessment in CO2 storage
Creators: name: Goudarzi, Ali
name: Meckel, Timothy A.
name: Hosseini, Seyyed A.
name: Trevino, Ramon H.
Publisher: name: International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control
Year: 2019
Subjects: Decline curve analysis
Dynamic capacity estimation
Probability of non-exceedance
Gulf of Mexico oil and gas data
Statistical analysis
CO2 storage in oil and gas reservoirs

description: This item is embargoed until June 1, 2021
Extended far-UV emission surrounding asymptotic giant branch stars as seen by GALEX
Creators: name: Răstău, V.
name: Mečina, M.
name: Kerschbaum, F.
name: Olofsson, H.
name: Maercker, M.
name: Drechsler, M.
name: Strottner, X.
name: Mulato, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims. Our goal is to study the long-term mass-loss rate characteristics of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars through wind-wind and wind-interstellar medium interaction.
 Methods. Far-ultraviolet (FUV) images from the Galex survey are used to investigate extended UV emission associated with AGB stars.
 Results. FUV emission was found towards eight objects. The emission displays different shapes and sizes; interaction regions were identified, often with infrared counterparts, but no equivalent near-ultraviolet (NUV) emission was found in most cases.
 Conclusions. The FUV emission is likely attributed to shock-excited molecular hydrogen, considering the lack of NUV emission and the large space velocities of the objects, and makes it possible to trace old structures that are too faint to be observed, for instance, in the infrared.
Effect of Fermi Surface Nesting on Resonant Spin Excitations in Ba1-xKxFe2As2
Creators: name: Castellan, J. -P.
name: Rosenkranz, S.
name: Goremychkin, E. A.
name: Chung, D. Y.
name: Todorov, I. S.
name: Kanatzidis, M. G.
name: Eremin, I.
name: Knolle, J.
name: Chubukov, A. V.
name: Maiti, S.
name: Norman, M. R.
name: Weber, F.
name: Claus, H.
name: Guidi, T.
name: Bewley, R. I.
name: Osborn, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report inelastic neutron scattering measurements of the resonant spin excitations in Ba1-xKxFe2As2 over a broad range of electron band filling. The fall in the superconducting transi- tion temperature with hole doping coincides with the magnetic excitations splitting into two incom- mensurate peaks because of the growing mismatch in the hole and electron Fermi surface volumes, as confirmed by a tight-binding model with s+- symmetry pairing. The reduction in Fermi surface nesting is accompanied by a collapse of the resonance binding energy and its spectral weight caused by the weakening of electron-electron correlations.
description: 4 pages 4 figures
Atom gravimeters and gravitational redshift
Creators: name: Wolf, Peter
name: Blanchet, Luc
name: Borde, Christian J.
name: Reynaud, Serge
name: Salomon, Christophe
name: Cohen-Tannoudji, Claude
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a recent paper, H. Mueller, A. Peters and S. Chu [A precision measurement of the gravitational redshift by the interference of matter waves, Nature 463, 926-929 (2010)] argued that atom interferometry experiments published a decade ago did in fact measure the gravitational redshift on the quantum clock operating at the very high Compton frequency associated with the rest mass of the Caesium atom. In the present Communication we show that this interpretation is incorrect.
description: 2 pages, Brief Communication appeared in Nature (2 September 2010)
A Structured Population Model of Cell Differentiation
Creators: name: Doumic, Marie
name: Marciniak-Czochra, Anna
name: Perthame, Benoit
name: Zubelli, Jorge P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We introduce and analyze several aspects of a new model for cell differentiation. It assumes that differentiation of progenitor cells is a continuous process. From the mathematical point of view, it is based on partial differential equations of transport type. Specifically, it consists of a structured population equation with a nonlinear feedback loop. This models the signaling process due to cytokines, which regulate the differentiation and proliferation process. We compare the continuous model to its discrete counterpart, a multi-compartmental model of a discrete collection of cell subpopulations recently proposed by Marciniak-Czochra et al. in 2009 to investigate the dynamics of the hematopoietic system. We obtain uniform bounds for the solutions, characterize steady state solutions, and analyze their linearized stability. We show how persistence or extinction might occur according to values of parameters that characterize the stem cells self-renewal. We also perform numerical simulations and discuss the qualitative behavior of the continuous model vis a vis the discrete one.
Abundances of Stars with Planets: Trends with Condensation Temperature
Creators: name: Schuler, Simon C.
name: Flateau, Davin
name: Cunha, Katia
name: King, Jeremy R.
name: Ghezzi, Luan
name: Smith, Verne V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Precise abundances of 18 elements have been derived for ten stars known to host giant planets from high signal-to-noise ratio, high-resolution echelle spectroscopy. Internal uncertainties in the derived abundances are typically <=0.05 dex. The stars in our sample have all been previously shown to have abundances that correlate with the condensation temperature (T_c) of the elements in the sense of increasing abundances with increasing T_c; these trends have been interpreted as evidence that the stars may have accreted H-depleted planetary material. Our newly derived abundances also correlate positively with T_c, although slopes of linear least-square fits to the [m/H]-T_c relations for all but two stars are smaller here than in previous studies. When considering the refractory elements (T_c > 900 K) only, which may be more sensitive to planet formation processes, the sample can be separated into a group with positive slopes (four stars) and a group with flat or negative slopes (six stars). The four stars with positive slopes have very close-in giant planets (three at 0.05 AU) and slopes that fall above the general Galactic chemical evolution trend. We suggest that these stars have accreted refractory-rich planet material but not to the extent that would increase significantly the overall stellar metallicity. The flat or negative slopes of the remaining six stars are consistent with recent suggestions of a planet formation signature, although we show that the trends may be the result of Galactic chemical evolution.
description: 64 pages (single column), 5 figures, 10 tables. Accepted by ApJ