cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Health benefits of wood, plants and nature in the human environment : an analysis of the past 15 years of research and its application potential
Creators: name: Fraser, Stephen
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: The health benefits (psychological and physical) of wood, plants and views of nature in the human environment is a relatively new field of study. After an extensive literature review of the last 15 years, it is clear that there are significant health benefits associated with the presence of these natural elements in an indoor setting. Some of these benefits include reduced stress, increased pain tolerance, improved task performance, increased sense of well-being and attentional focus recovery, and heightened natural killer activity. Due to low awareness, these findings could be integrated into the marketing strategies of forest companies and their total product concept could be expanded to include health benefits. Additionally, the application potential is seemingly limitless and a look at hospitals and schools shows cost saving benefits as well. As this is a relatively young field of study, there are also areas for further research including long-term and large-scale studies.
Biotechnological potential and initial characterization of two novel sesquiterpene synthases from Basidiomycota Coniophora puteana for heterologous production of δ-cadinol
Creators: name: Ringel, Marion
name: Dimos, Nicole
name: Himpich, Stephanie
name: Haack, Martina
name: Huber, Claudia
name: Eisenreich, Wolfgang
name: Schenk, Gerhard
name: Loll, Bernhard
name: Brück, Thomas
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: δ-cadinol
subject: Sesquiterpene
subject: Basidiomycota
subject: Terpene synthases
subject: Active site architecture
subject: Mutagenesis
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Background Terpene synthases are versatile catalysts in all domains of life, catalyzing the formation of an enormous variety of different terpenoid secondary metabolites. Due to their diverse bioactive properties, terpenoids are of great interest as innovative ingredients in pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. Recent advances in genome sequencing have led to the discovery of numerous terpene synthases, in particular in Basidiomycota like the wood rotting fungus Coniophora puteana, which further enhances the scope for the manufacture of terpenes for industrial purposes. Results In this study we describe the identification of two novel (+)-δ-cadinol synthases from C. puteana, Copu5 and Copu9. The sesquiterpene (+)-δ-cadinol was previously shown to exhibit cytotoxic activity therefore having an application as possible, new, and sustainably sourced anti-tumor agent. In an Escherichia coli strain, optimized for sesquiterpene production, titers of 225 mg l−1 and 395 mg l−1, respectively, could be achieved. Remarkably, both enzymes share the same product profile thereby representing the first two terpene synthases from Basidiomycota with identical product profiles. We solved the crystal structure of Copu9 in its closed conformation, for the first time providing molecular details of sesquiterpene synthase from Basidiomycota. Based on the Copu9 structure, we conducted structure-based mutagenesis of amino acid residues lining the active site, thereby altering the product profile. Interestingly, the mutagenesis study also revealed that despite the conserved product profiles of Copu5 and Copu9 different conformational changes may accompany the catalytic cycle of the two enzymes. This observation suggests that the involvement of tertiary structure elements in the reaction mechanism(s) employed by terpene synthases may be more complex than commonly expected. Conclusion The presented product selectivity and titers of Copu5 and Copu9 may pave the way towards a sustainable, biotechnological production of the potentially new bioactive (+)-δ-cadinol. Furthermore, Copu5 and Copu9 may serve as model systems for further mechanistic studies of terpenoid catalysis.
Lamarr-Institut hebt KI auf die nächste Stufe
Creators: name: Roidl, Moritz
name: Murrenhoff, Anike
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2023
Subjects: Lamarr-Institut
Maschinelles Lernen
Künstliche Intelligenz
Daten
Wissen
Kontext
Logistikanwendungen

description: Das Lamarr-Institut in Dortmund bezieht mit neuen Ansätzen fürmaschinelles Lernen und künstliche Intelligenz nicht nur Daten ein, sondern auch Wissen und Kontext. Die Bandbreite für Logistikanwendungen ist groß.
Supplementary document for Visualization of Localized Facet Joule Heating induced Optical Degradation on Mid-infrared Quantum Cascade Lasers - 6127656.pdf
Creators: name: Wang, Siyi
name: xu, chao
name: Tam, Man chun
name: Vaillancourt, Kailyn
name: Wasilewski, Zbigniew
name: Wei, Lan
name: Ban, Dayan
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2025
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplemental Information
Gesamtkonzept für eine inklusive und ökologische Verkehrswende für alle
Creators: name: Jacobs, Leif
name: Stöwhase, Sven
name: Quack, Lara
name: Rebaudo, Mara
name: Scherer, Marlene
name: Köckeis, Johannes
name: Jacob, Klaus
name: Fahl, Ulrich
name: Altstadt, Alexander
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2024

description: Das Policy Paper wurde im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts "Verteilungswirkungen einer Verkehrswende (VERVE)". Es untersucht die sozialen und ökologischen Verteilungswirkungen umweltpolitischer Instrumente im Verkehrssektor in Deutschland. Ziel ist die Entwicklung einer Verkehrspolitik, die soziale Gerechtigkeit und ökologische Nachhaltigkeit vereint. Unter Einsatz von Mikrosimulationen wurden bestehende Verteilungswirkungen analysiert und die Effekte von Instrumenten wie CO2-Bepreisung, Reform der Entfernungspauschale und Förderung des ÖPNV bewertet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass ökologische Maßnahmen soziale Zielkonflikte oft geringer ausfallen lassen als angenommen. Das Konzept betont die Notwendigkeit von Kostenwahrheit und den Schutz vulnerabler Gruppen durch Ausgleichsmechanismen. Handlungsempfehlungen umfassen die Förderung emissionsarmer Mobilität und den schrittweisen Abbau von Subventionen zugunsten einer nachhaltigen Infrastrukturentwicklung. Das Papier schließt mit einer zusammenfassenden Bewertung der 33 untersuchten Instrumente, die sowohl die Umwelt als auch die soziale Inklusion fördern sollen.
The Influence of Collaboration and Culture on the IKEA Effect: Does Cocreation Alter Perceptions of Value in British and Indian Children?
Creators: name: Marsh, Lauren E.
name: Gil, Joanna
name: Kanngiesser, Patricia
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: IKEA effect
subject: psychological ownership
subject: collaboration
subject: cross-cultural
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: Creating objects can increase our evaluation of them, even when we compare them to physically identical copies (IKEA effect). Here we evaluate the influence of collaboration on the IKEA effect in two societies—the United Kingdom and India. One hundred twenty-eight 5-to-6-year-old children (48% female, 50% British middle class, 50% Indian middle class) assembled toys in pairs. Half of the children collaborated to assemble a single toy and half assembled their own toy. In both societies, children demonstrated an IKEA effect (η2p = .19), valuing their own creation over an identical copy. This was the case regardless of whether children collaborated or worked independently. In summary, it seems that the IKEA effect is a potent bias that is present in diverse societies and is insensitive to others’ contributions in a collaborative environment.
Quantum Neural Networks in Practice
Creators: name: Basilewitsch, Daniel
name: Bravo, João
name: Tutschku, Christian Klaus
name: Struckmeier, Frederick
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2024

description: Image classification tasks are among the most prominent examples that can be reliably solved by classical machine learning models. In this study, we compare the performance of randomized classical and quantum neural networks as well as classical and quantum-classical hybrid convolutional neural networks for the task of binary image classification. To this end, we employ various data sets of increasing complexity - (i) an artificial hypercube dataset, (ii) MNIST handwritten digits, and (iii) real-world industrial images from laser cutting machines. We analyze the performance of the employed quantum models with respect to correlations between classification accuracy and various hyperparameters. For the random quantum neural networks, we additionally compare their performance with some known literature models and how top-performing models from one data set perform on the others. In general, we observe fairly similar performances of classical and quantum or hybrid models. Our study provides an industry perspective on the prospects of quantum machine learning for practical image classification tasks.
Structural and functional analysis of the roles of influenza C virus membrane proteins in assembly and budding
Creators: name: Zhang, Xu
name: Abel, Tim
name: Su, Shuo
name: Herrmann, Andreas
name: Ludwig, Kai
name: Veit, Michael
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: influenza virus
subject: influenza C virus
subject: hemagglutinin
subject: HEF
subject: M1
subject: M2
subject: assembly
subject: budding
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Assembly and budding of the influenza C virus is mediated by three membrane proteins: the hemagglutinin-esterase-fusion glycoprotein (HEF), the matrix protein (CM1), and the ion channel (CM2). Here we investigated whether the formation of the hexagonal HEF arrangement, a distinctive feature of influenza C virions is important for virus budding. We used super resolution microscopy and found 250-nm sized HEF clusters at the plasma membrane of transfected cells, which were insensitive to cholesterol extraction and cytochalasin treatment. Overexpression of either CM1, CM2, or HEF caused the release of membrane-enveloped particles. Cryo-electron microscopy of the latter revealed spherical vesicles exhibiting the hexagonal HEF clusters. We subsequently used reverse genetics to identify elements in HEF required for this clustering. We found that deletion of the short cytoplasmic tail of HEF reduced virus titer and hexagonal HEF arrays, suggesting that an interaction with CM1 stabilizes the HEF clusters. In addition, we substituted amino acids at the surface of the closed HEF conformation and identified specific mutations that prevented virus rescue, others reduced virus titers and the number of HEF clusters in virions. Finally, mutation of two regions that mediate contacts between trimers in the in-situ structure of HEF was shown to prevent rescue of infectious virus particles. Mutations at residues thought to mediate lateral interactions were revealed to promote intracellular trafficking defects. Taken together, we propose that lateral interactions between the ectodomains of HEF trimers are a driving force for virus budding, although CM2 and CM1 also play important roles in this process.
ИЧКИ ИШЛАР ОРГАНЛАРИ ТАЯНЧ ПУНКТЛАРИ НЕГИЗИДА ҲАМКОРЛИКНИ ҲУҚУҚИЙ ТАЪМИНЛАШНИ ТАШКИЛ ЭТИШ
Creators: name: Нарзиев, Шахзодбек
name: Омонов, Нуъмонжон
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ушбу мақолада Ички ишлар органлари таянч пунктлари негизида ҳамкорликни ҳуқуқий таъминлашни ташкил этиш тушунчаси, мазмуни ва моҳияти, ташкил этишнинг мақсад ва вазифалари, амалиётда ҳозирги кундаги аҳволи ва ҳуқуқий жиҳатдан тартибга солинганлиги ҳамда Ички ишлар органлари таянч пунктлари негизида ҳамкорликни ҳуқуқий таъминлашни ташкил этилиши ва ушбу фаолиятни такомиллаштириш йўналишлари бўйича муаммо ва таклифлар ёритиб ўтилган.
Ornithodoros (Pavlovskyella) ticks associated with a Rickettsia sp. in Pakistan
Creators: name: Ali, Abid
name: Numan, Muhammad
name: Khan, Mehran
name: Aiman, Ome
name: Munoz-Leal, Sebastian
name: Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia
name: Labruna, Marcelo B.
name: Nijhof, Ard M.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Ticks
subject: Argasidae
subject: Ornithodoros
subject: Rickettsia
subject: Pakistan
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Background Soft ticks (Ixodida: Argasidae) are medically important ectoparasites that mainly feed on birds and mammals, which play a key role in their geographic distribution and dispersion. Despite their importance, studies on soft ticks are scarce for many regions and countries of the world, including Pakistan. Methods In this study, 2330 soft ticks—179 larvae (7.7%), 850 nymphs (36.4%), 711 males (30.5%) and 590 females (25.3%)—were collected from animal shelters in 18 locations within five districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A subset of the collected ticks was processed for DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the amplification of tick 12S ribosomal DNA (rDNA), 16S rDNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1), and rickettsial 16S rDNA gene fragments. The obtained sequences were used for the construction of a phylogenetic tree. Results All the specimens were morphologically identified as Ornithodoros, and were morphologically similar to Ornithodoros tholozani. The genus was confirmed by sequencing partial 12S rDNA, 16S rDNA and cox1 gene fragments. Additionally, a Rickettsia sp. was detected in some of the collected ticks by PCR targeting 16S rDNA. The morphological relatedness of the tick specimens with O. tholozani was confirmed by phylogenetic analysis, in which the Ornithodoros sp. clustered with Ornithodoros tholozani and Ornithodoros verrucosus, both of which belong to the subgenus Pavlovskyella and have been previously reported from Israel, Ukraine and Iran. The phylogenetic tree also indicated that the Ornithodoros sp. from Pakistan corresponds to an undetermined species. Furthermore, the associated Rickettsia sp. grouped with the limoniae group of Rickettsia species previously reported from Argas japonicus ticks from China. Conclusions This is the first molecular study of an Ornithodoros species from Pakistan. Further studies are essential to confirm its identity and possible pathogenicity with regard to its associated microorganisms in the studied region.
Rolle der Künstlichen Intelligenz in der Elektro- und Informationstechnik
Creators: name: Bockelmann, Carsten
name: Dudek, Damian
name: Haja, Andreas
name: Hanuschkin, Alexander
name: Klischat, Cosima
name: Lehnhoff, Sebastian
name: Magdowski, Mathias
name: Matthes, Britta
name: Rigoll, Gerhard
name: Schanz, Michael
name: Van, Hoai My
name: Wübben, Dirk
name: Zeller, Niclas
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2024
Subjects: Künstliche Intelligenz
KI
Elektrotechnik
Informationstechnik
Lehre
wissenschaftliches Arbeiten
maschinelles Lernen
ML
large language model
LLM
Nachrichtentechnik
Energiewirtschaft
Automatisierung
Produktion

description: Dieses Papier zeigt, wo bereits heute in den verschiedenen Fachgebieten der Elektro- und Informationstechnik die Künstliche Intelligenz eine wichtige und insbesondere selbstverständliche Rolle spielt. Dabei besteht eine wechselseitige Beziehung: KI ist nicht nur Mittel zum Zweck – mächtiges Werkzeug zum Lösen elektrotechnischer Aufgabenstellungen sowie Helferlein im Arbeitsalltag – sondern auch Gegenstand der elektrotechnischen Forschung bzw. wird durch elektrotechnische Verfahren z.B. in der Nachrichtentechnik unterstützt. An vielen Stellen kommt die KI (noch) an ihre Grenzen. Wir zeigen, wo diese liegen und geben Ausblicke. Einen weiteren Schwerpunkt bildet die Auseinandersetzung mit dem Thema „KI in der elektrotechnischen Lehre“ sowie die Nutzung von Large Language Models im Studium und beim wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten. Wir lernen außerdem den Unterschied zwischen Data Scientist und Elektroingenieur in der Nachrichtentechnik kennen. Auch die Frage „Wird die KI Elektroingenieurinnen und Elektroingenieure ersetzen?“ klären wir hier mit Hilfe einer einschlägigen Berufsforscherin auf.
Experimental UK Regional Consumer Price Inflation with Model-Based Expenditure Weights
Creators: name: Dawber, James
name: Würz, Nora
name: Smith, Paul A.
name: Flower, Tanya
name: Thomas, Heledd
name: Schmid, Timo
name: Tzavidis, Nikos
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: CPI conceptual framework
subject: basket of goods and services
subject: small area estimation
subject: Fay-Herriot models
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::330 Wirtschaft::330 Wirtschaft

description: Like many other countries, the United Kingdom (UK) produces a national consumer priceindex (CPI) to measure inflation. Presently, CPI measures are not produced for regions withinthe UK. It is believed that, using only available data sources, a regional CPI would not beprecise or reliable enough as an official statistic, primarily because the regional partitioning ofthe data makes sample sizes too small. We investigate this claim by producing experimentalregional CPIs using publicly available price data, and deriving expenditure weights from theLiving Costs and Food survey. We detail the methods and challenges of developing a regional CPI and evaluate its reliability. We then assess whether model-based methods such assmoothing and small area estimation significantly improve the measures. We find that a regional CPI can be produced with available data sources, however it appears to beexcessively volatile over time, mainly due to the weights. Smoothing and small areaestimation improve the reliability of the regional CPI series to some extent but they remain toovolatile for regional policy use. This research provides a valuable framework for thedevelopment of a more viable regional CPI measure for the UK in the future.
Fire retardant coatings : an evaluation of fire retardant coatings as a means of protecting wood panels
Creators: name: Goldsmith, Fraser Perry
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: The protection of residential buildings from the effects of fire is becoming increasingly important. For example, Alberta has altered its fire codes to make fire protection of wood sheathing,including plywood and OSB, compulsory in the design of residential buildings in close proximity to each other. Two of the approved methods of protection are through the use of fire retardant coatings or sheathing the OSB or plywood with exterior gypsum panels. There are divided opinions on which method of fire protection is superior in terms of performance, convenience, and cost effectiveness. In this essay I conclude that fire retardant coatings, when properly applied, perform well and are a convenient method for protecting wood sheathing from fire. However, their poor resistance to weathering and increased cost make them a less cost effective solution than durable gypsum sheathing systems. Coating systems may be effective when used to compliment a gypsum sheathing system to protect areas of buildings that are difficult to sheath.
Nominalist dispositional essentialism
Creators: name: Vogt, Lisa
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Dispositional Essentialism
subject: Nominalism
subject: Essence
subject: Generic essence
subject: Powers
subject: Laws of nature
subject: Causal Nominalism
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::100 Philosophie::102 Verschiedenes

description: Dispositional Essentialism, as commonly conceived, consists in the claims that at least some of the fundamental properties essentially confer certain causal-nomological roles on their bearers, and that these properties give rise to the natural modalities. As such, the view is generally taken to be committed to a realist conception of properties as either universals or tropes, and to be thus incompatible with nominalism as understood in the strict sense. Pace this common assumption of the ontological import of Dispositional Essentialism, the aim of this paper is to explore a nominalist version of the view, Austere Nominalist Dispositional Essentialism. The core features of the proposed account are that it eschews all kinds of properties (be they universals, tropes, or sets of particulars), takes certain predicative truths as fundamental, and employs the so-called generic notion of essence. As I will argue, the account is significantly closer to the core idea behind Dispositional Essentialism than the only nominalist account in the vicinity of Dispositional Essentialism that has been offered so far—Ann Whittle’s (2009) Causal Nominalism—and is immune to crucial problems that affect this view.
On the characterization of tidal ocean-dynamo signals in coastal magnetic observatories
Creators: name: Petereit, Johannes
name: Saynisch-Wagner, Jan
name: Morschhauser, Achim
name: Pick, Leonie
name: Thomas, Maik
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Ocean-tide induced magnetic fields
subject: Tidal ocean dynamo
subject: EMOTS
subject: Signal extraction
subject: Magnetometer Observations
subject: Data Processing
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: Periodic tidal ocean currents induce electric currents and, therefore, magnetic field signals that are observable using spaceborne and ground-based observation techniques. In theory, the signals can be used to monitor oceanic temperature and salinity variations. Tidal magnetic field amplitudes and phases have been extracted from magnetometer measurements in the past. However, due to uncertainties caused by a plentitude of influencing factors, the shape and temporal variation of these signals are only known to a limited extent. This study uses past extraction methods to characterize seasonal variations and long-term trends in the ten year magnetometer time series of three coastal island observatories. First, we assess data processing procedures used to prepare ground-based magnetometer observations for tidal ocean dynamo signal extraction to demonstrate that existing approaches, i.e., subtraction of core field models or first-order differencing, are unable to reliably remove low-frequency contributions. We hence propose low-frequency filtering using smoothing splines and demonstrate the advantages over the existing approaches. Second, we determine signal and side peak magnitudes of the M2 tide induced magnetic field signal by spectral analysis of the processed data. We find evidence for seasonal magnetic field signal variations of up to 25% from the annual mean. Third, to characterize the long-term behavior of tidal ocean dynamo signal amplitudes and phases, we apply different signal extraction techniques to identify tidal ocean-dynamo signal amplitudes and phases in sub-series of the ten-year time series with incrementally increasing lengths. The analyses support three main findings: (1) trends cause signal amplitude changes of up to ≈1 nT and phase changes are in the order of O(10∘) within the observation period; (2) at least four years of data are needed to obtain reliable amplitude and phase values with the extraction methods used and (3) signal phases are a less dependent on the chosen extraction method than signal amplitudes.
Supplementary document for Thermal tunable silicon valley photonic crystal ring resonators at telecommunication wavelength - 6127952.pdf
Creators: name: Fei, Hongming
name: Kang, Lijuan
name: Lin, Han
name: Wu, Min
name: Wang, Xiaorong
name: Zhang, Mingda
name: liu, xin
name: sun, fei
name: Chen, Zhihui
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2025
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Thermal tunable silicon valley photonic crystal ring resonators at telecommunication wavelength
Delineation of Groundwater Capture Zone for the Faro Mine, Faro Mine Complex, Yukon Territory.
Creators: name: Tang, Mandy Sung Man
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The purpose of delineating the capture zone of the Faro Mine is to predict groundwater flow in the area for predicting the Mine’s natural potential for capturing contaminated water from the Faro Mine’s waste rock pile. The groundwater flow of the Faro Mine was modelled using Visual MODFLOW to delineate the capture zone of the Faro Mine, ultimately the location of the main pit and the Zone 2 pit. Boundary conditions, parameters and background information were obtained from literature research and extracted from technical reports. As a result, a numerical model was constructed from incorporating the obtained data. Five cases were constructed for conducting sensitivity analysis, with Case 1 being the base case. Analysis concluded that the most sensitive parameter was the change in water level of the Faro Mine main pit and the Zone 2 pit. Further sensitivity analysis concluded that parameter estimates were not sensitive, which contributed to very little change in the capture zone pattern. It is concluded that the capture zone geometry at the Faro Mine only encompass 50% or less of the waste rock dump area. Therefore the capture zone has a low potential for capturing contaminated water and further treatment is necessary for remediation.
Aufgaben und Tools für den digitalen FDM-Assistenten "Jarves"
Creators: name: Robrecht, Michèle
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2023
Subjects: Forschungsdatenmanagement
FDM
Jarves
TA Frank
FDM-Assistent
FDM-Tools

description: Jarves (Joint Assistant for Research in Versatile Engineering Sciences) soll Forschende durch das gesamte Forschungsdatenmanagement im Rahmen eines Projekts führen [1]. Die Folien enthalten die Aufgaben, die Jarves abbilden sollte, sowie Tools und Hilfestellungen, die für eine Nachnutzung in diesem FDM-Assistenten in Frage kommen.
Pollen viability and seed set of interspecific hybrids between J. curcas x J. integerrima
Creators: name: Kitiya Amkul, Malee Panngam
Publisher: name: Genetics Society of Thailand
Year: 2016
Subjects: interspecific hybrids, acetocarmine,staining method, viability test

description: 1, 9, Genomics and Genetics
Assessment of mudflow risk in Uzbekistan using CMIP5 models
Creators: name: Mamadjanova, Gavkhar
name: Leckebusch, Gregor C.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: CMIP5
subject: Circulation weather types
subject: Large-scale circulation
subject: Landslides
subject: Mudflows
subject: Precipitation threshold
subject: Global warming impact
subject: Uzbekistan
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: Precipitation induced mudflows are a major and longstanding threat in Uzbekistan, impacting on many properties and livelihoods. In this paper, the role of large-scale atmospheric circulation in producing the conditions necessary to initiate mudflows in piedmont areas of Uzbekistan have been evaluated based on historical and scenario (Representative Concentration Pathways; RCP8.5) experiments along from 10 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models. Applying the well-established circulation weather type (CWT) technique, and CMIP5 models reveal that mudflow generating large-scale circulation flows will increase by up to 5% to the end of the century. Considering the historical simulations over 1979–2005 and following the projections of RCP8.5 emission scenario for the target period of 2071–2100, precipitation climatology has been evaluated using bias correction techniques. By this way, the synthetic rainfall series were linked to a central proxy – a mudflow generating weather types, such as cyclonic (C), westerly (W) and south-westerly (SW) in order to diagnose potential changes in mudflow occurrences given the changed CWT characteristics by running the statistical-empirical algorithm of antecedent daily rainfall model (ADRM) and statistical logistic regression (LRM). Results for the important weather types (C, W and SW) confirm that mudflow activity will increase in the selected region as precipitation values associated with the CWT C and W flows in CMIP5 projections are expected to increase in the warm season for the target period of 2071–2100. The research focuses on piedmont areas of Uzbekistan as it has remained poorly understood due to limited climate research, particularly, in mountain areas. This is important in the face of climate change, which is likely to increase pressure upon high mountain areas that may need to investigate more frequent mudflow occurrences.
ElasticFace: Elastic Margin Loss for Deep Face Recognition
Creators: name: Boutros, Fadi
name: Damer, Naser
name: Kirchbuchner, Florian
name: Kuijper, Arjan
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2021
Subjects: Lead Topic: Smart City
Lead Topic: Visual Computing as a Service
Research Line: Computer vision (CV)
Research Line: Machine Learning (ML)
Biometrics
Feature representation
Face recognition
Machine learning
Deep learning
ATHENE
CRISP

description: Learning discriminative face features plays a major role in building high-performing face recognition models. The recent state-of-the-art face recognition solutions proposed to incorporate a fixed penalty margin on commonly used classification loss function, softmax loss, in the normalized hypersphere to increase the discriminative power of face recognition models, by minimizing the intra-class variation and maximizing the inter-class variation. Marginal penalty softmax losses, such as ArcFace and CosFace, assume that the geodesic distance between and within the different identities can be equally learned using a fixed penalty margin. However, such a learning objective is not realistic for real data with inconsistent inter-and intra-class variation, which might limit the discriminative and generalizability of the face recognition model. In this paper, we relax the fixed penalty margin constrain by proposing elastic penalty margin loss (ElasticFace) that allows flexibility in the push for class separability. The main idea is to utilize random margin values drawn from a normal distribution in each training iteration. This aims at giving the decision boundary chances to extract and retract to allow space for flexible class separability learning. We demonstrate the superiority of our ElasticFace loss over ArcFace and CosFace losses, using the same geometric transformation, on a large set of mainstream benchmarks. From a wider perspective, our ElasticFace has advanced the state-of-the-art face recognition performance on seven out of nine mainstream benchmarks. All training codes, pre-trained models, training logs will be publicly released.
Linking a compartment model for West Nile virus with a flight simulator for vector mosquitoes
Creators: name: Kerkow, Antje
name: Wieland, Ralf
name: Gethmann, Jörn M.
name: Hölker, Franz
name: Lentz, Hartmut H. K.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Agent-based models
subject: Aedes japonicus japonicus
subject: Germany
subject: Pica pica
subject: SEIR/SIR models
subject: Spatial component
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Compartmental SIR and SEIR models have become the state of the art tools to study infection cycles of arthropod-borne viruses such as West Nile virus in specific areas. In 2018, the virus was detected for the first time in Germany, and incidents have been reported in humans, birds, and horses. The aim of the work presented here was to provide a tool for estimating West Nile virus infection scenarios, local hotspots and dispersal routes following its introduction into new locations through the movements of mosquitoes. For this purpose, we adapted a SEIR model for West Nile virus to the conditions in Germany (temperatures, geographical latitude, bird and mosquito species densities) and the characteristic transmission and life trait parameter of a possible host bird and vector mosquito species. We further extended it by a spatial component: an agent-based flight simulator for vector mosquitoes. It demonstrates how the female mosquitoes move within the landscape due to habitat structures and wind conditions and about how many of them leave the region in the different cardinal directions. We applied the space–time coupled model with a daily temporal and spatial resolution of 100 m x 100 m to the Eurasian magpie (Pica pica) and the Asian bush mosquito (Aedes japonicus japonicus). Both species are widely distributed in Germany and discussed as important hosts and vectors, respectively. We also applied the model to three study regions in Germany, each representing slightly different climatic conditions and containing significantly different pattern of suitable habitats for the mosquito species.
Erfolgsrezepte
Creators: name: Deppner, Lea
name: Duda, Sebastian
name: Guggenberger, Tobias
name: Ketenidis, David
name: Kreuzer, Thomas
name: Oberländer, Anna Maria
name: Rex, Alexander
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2024

description: Dieses Whitepaper wurde durch das Bayerische Staatsministerium für Wirtschaft, Landesentwicklung und Energie im Rahmen des "Fraunhofer Blockchain Center (20-3066-2-6-14)" gefördert. Wir danken an dieser Stelle für die Unterstützung.
How do nurses support chronically ill clients’ participation and self-management in primary care? A cross-country qualitative study
Creators: name: Hamel, Kerstin
name: Röhnsch, Gundula
name: Heumann, Marcus
name: Backes, Dirce Stein
name: Toso, Beatriz Rosana Gonçalves De Oliveira
name: Giovanella, Ligia
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chronic diseases
subject: Self-management support
subject: Primary care nursing
subject: Empowerment
subject: Primary health care
subject: Long-term care
subject: Person-centered care
subject: Germany
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: Background In the context of the advancement of person-centered care models, the promotion of the participation of patients with chronic illness and complex care needs in the management of their care (self-management) is increasingly seen as a responsibility of primary care nurses. It is emphasized that nurses should consider the psychosocial dimensions of chronic illness and the client’s lifeworld. Little is known about how nurses shape this task in practice. Methods The aim of this analysis is to examine how primary care nurses understand and shape the participation of patients with chronic illness and complex care needs regarding the promotion of self-management. Guided interviews were conducted with nurses practicing in primary care and key informants in Germany, Spain, and Brazil with a subsequent cross-case evaluation. Interpretive and practice patterns were identified based on Grounded Theory. Results Two interpretive and practice patterns were identified: (1) Giving clients orientation in dealing with chronic diseases and (2) supporting the integration of illness in clients’ everyday lives. Nurses in the first pattern consider it their most important task to provide guidance toward health-promoting behavior and disease-related decision-making by giving patients comprehensive information. Interview partners emphasize client autonomy, but rarely consider the limitations chronic disease imposes on patients’ everyday lives. Alternatively, nurses in the second pattern regard clients as cooperation partners. They seek to familiarize themselves with their clients’ social environments and habits to give recommendations for dealing with the disease that are as close to the client’s lifeworld as possible. Nurses’ recommendations seek to enable patients and their families to lead a largely ‘normal life’ despite chronic illness. While interview partners in Brazil or Spain point predominantly to clients’ socio-economic disadvantages as a challenge to promoting client participation in primary health care, interview partners in Germany maintain that clients’ high disease burden represents the chief barrier to self-management. Conclusions Nurses in practice should be sensitive to client’s lifeworlds, as well as to challenges that arise as they attempt to strengthen clients’ participation in care and self-management. Regular communication between clients, nurses, and further professionals should constitute a fundamental feature of person-centered primary care models.
Solenysa macrodonta Wang, Ono & Tu 2015
Creators: name: Ballarin, Francesco
name: Liao, Hauchuan
name: Touyama, Zento
name: Eguchi, Katsuyuki
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Linyphiidae
Solenysa
Solenysa macrodonta

description: Solenysa macrodonta Wang, Ono & Tu, 2015
Figs 7 A-J, 11 C, D
Solenysa macrodonta Wang et al., 2015: 48, figs 3 A, 4 C, D (♂ ♀).
Material examined.
Japan: Hiroshima Pref., • 1 ♂, 6 ♀, Kure City, Yasuuracho Oaza Akozaka, 209 m, 34.31089°N, 132.72896°E, thick and rather dry broadleaf forest leaf litter on a steep slope, 04. Aug. 2022, F. Ballarin leg. (FBPC).
Diagnosis.
See Wang et al. (2015).
Description.
Habitus of male as in Fig. 7 E, habitus of female as in Fig. 7 F. Palp as in Fig. 7 A-D, embolic division as in Fig. 11 C, D; epigyne and vulva as in Fig. 7 G-J. See Wang et al. (2015) for a detailed description.
Type locality.
Nishida, Yunotsu City, Shimane Prefecture, Honshu, Japan (35.084°N, 132.401°E).
Remarks.
Solenysa macrodonta is distributed in the Chugoku area in Western Honshu with a few known records from Shimane and Okayama Prefectures (Shinkai et al. 2024). Here we report for the first time its presence in Hiroshima Prefecture (Fig. 13). Our male sample differs from the original description by having a shorter anterior protrusion (AP, central tooth in Wang et al. 2015) (cf. Fig. 11 C, D vs Wang et al. 2015: fig. 6 B). However, it shares the shape of the lamella with a transparent, upper branch of the LA 2 ending with a wide, fringed tip. Additionally, we found no differences in the females’ morphology and the barcode of our samples matches those available in GenBank for this species collected in the Shimane Prefecture, the type area of the species (Fig. 12). Accordingly, we consider the differences in the male palp as possibly part of the intraspecific diversity of the species. Future comparisons with a larger number of individuals of S. macrodonta from different localities will help to clarify this issue.
description: Published as part of Ballarin, Francesco, Liao, Hauchuan, Touyama, Zento & Eguchi, Katsuyuki, 2025, Review of the spider genus Solenysa Simon, 1894 in Western Japan and Central Ryukyu with the description of three new species (Araneae, Linyphiidae), pp. 97-130 in ZooKeys 1232 on pages 97-130, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1232.142629
Accelerated creation of NOON states with ultracold atoms via counterdiabatic driving
Creators: name: Dengis, Simon
name: Wimberger, Sandro
name: Schlagheck, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A quantum control protocol is proposed for the creation of NOON states with $N$ ultracold bosonic atoms on two modes, corresponding to the coherent superposition $\vert N,0\rangle + \vert 0,N\rangle$. This state can be prepared by using a third mode where all bosons are initially placed and which is symmetrically coupled to the two other modes. Tuning the energy of this third mode across the energy level of the other modes allows the adiabatic creation of the NOON state. While this process normally takes too much time to be of practical usefulness, due to the smallness of the involved spectral gap, it can be drastically boosted through counterdiabatic driving which allows for efficient gap engineering. We demonstrate that this process can be implemented in terms of static parameter adaptations that are experimentally feasible with ultracold quantum gases. Gain factors in the required protocol speed are obtained that increase exponentially with the number of involved atoms and thus counterbalance the exponentially slow collective tunneling process underlying this adiabatic transition. Besides optimizing the protocol speed, our NOON state preparation scheme achieves excellent fidelities that are competitive for practical applications.
description: 7 + 4 pages, 4 + 4 figures
Infraparticle quantum fields and the formation of photon clouds
Creators: name: Mund, Jens
name: Rehren, Karl-Henning
name: Schroer, Bert
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nonperturbative Effects
subject: Gauge Symmetry
subject: Scattering Amplitudes
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: A non-perturbative and exactly solvable quantum field theoretical model for a “dressed Dirac field” is presented, that exhibits all the kinematical features of QED: an appropriate delocalization of the charged field as a prerequisite for the global Gauss Law, superselected photon clouds (asymptotic expectation values of the Maxwell field), infraparticle nature of charged particles that cannot be separated from their photon clouds, broken Lorentz symmetry. The model serves as an intermediate leg on a new roadmap towards full QED, formulated as an off-shell theory, i.e., including a perturbative construction of its interacting charged fields. It also fills a gap in recent discussions of the “Infrared Triangle”, and points the way towards a new scattering theory for theories with massless particles of helicity ≥ 1, in which infraparticles can be described at the level of charged fields, rather than just states.
What is the right battery size for an electric truck with respect to its charging infrastructure?
Creators: name: Gnann, Till
name: Speth, Daniel
name: Link, Steffen
name: Plötz, Patrick
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2021

description: The complete reduction of greenhouse gases from the transport sector is a major challenge in the next decades. Here, we focus on electric trucks and determine the optimal battery infrastructure combination of battery and catenary electric tucks with respect to market shares and energy consumption. The analysis is based on the market diffusion model ALADIN with which we run a monte carlo simulation with 1,000 random variable combinations for battery capacities and infrastructure to understand the interdependencies. We find increasing market shares of battery electric and catenary electric trucks with higher battery capacities. The influence of infrastructure on market shares and energy consumption is of secondary order and limited.
Epidemiology of acute undifferentiated febrile illness and acute encephalitis syndrome cases in Northern India: a prospective observational study
Creators: name: Bhardwaj, Pooja
name: Kumar, Ritesh
name: Behera, Sthita Pragnya
name: Mishra, Nalini
name: Singh, Rajeev
name: Fatma, Imbesat
name: Tiwari, Ashutosh
name: Kumari, Moni
name: Shukla, Aishwarya
name: Rajput, Sonal
name: Singh, Nirbhay
name: Pandey, Krishna Kumar
name: Kant, Rajni
name: Murhekar, Manoj
name: Joshi, Hari Shanker
name: Dwivedi, Gaurav Raj
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Acute undifferentiated febrile illness (AUFI) and acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) continue to be major public health concerns, particularly in rural areas with limited healthcare facility. We investigated the aetiological agents responsible for seasonal sporadic AUFI and AES cases in Northern India. The study included 4200 patient samples (April 2022 to March 2024), fulfilling the AUFI or AES case definition. Clinical samples were tested for IgM antibodies against dengue, chikungunya, Japanese encephalitis, scrub typhus, and leptospirosis. Further, Leptospira IgM ELISA positives (n = 79) were also tested by microscopic agglutination test (MAT) assay. In AUFI cases, scrub typhus was the predominant bacterial aetiology (24.6%, 593/2407) followed by leptospirosis (12.4%, 266/2151). Dengue (23.0%, 321/1398) was the leading cause among viral aetiologies. Similarly, among AES cases, scrub typhus (36% in cerebrospinal fluid and 34.3% in serum) remained the most common bacterial aetiology followed by leptospirosis (5.42%, 11/203). Whereas, chikungunya was the predominant viral cause (5.4%, 17/314) behind AES cases. Further, using MAT assay, 7.6% (6/79) of the AUFI samples tested positive for leptospirosis. The prevalent serogroups identified included L. interrogans serovars Australis, Pomona, Hebdomadis, Pyrogenes and Djasiman, and L. borgpetersnii serovar Tarassovi. Housewives constituted the primary risk group for leptospirosis infection, followed by individuals engaged in various farming practices. This study identifies scrub typhus as the predominant and leptospirosis as the second most common infection in sporadic cases of AUFI and AES. Therefore, continuous monitoring of changing aetiologies is crucial for the effective implementation of targeted control and preventive measures for neglected tropical diseases.
ENERGIE ERKLÄRT - Einsparberechnungen für Förderinstrumente
Creators: name: Neusel, Lisa
name: Hirzel, Simon
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2022

description: Um zu beurteilen, in wieweit angestrebte Energie- bzw. Klimaziele erreicht werden, spielen Einsparberechnungen eine entscheidende Rolle. Sie werden unter anderem zur Kontrolle und Steuerung von politischen Förderinstrumenten benötigt, d. h. um deren Wirkung zu beurteilen und um einen instrumentellen "Blindflug" zu vermeiden. Ausgewiesene Einsparungen hängen in ihrer Höhe von einer Vielzahl von Annahmen ab, daher sollte man beim Vergleich von Einsparungen Umsicht walten lassen. Eine transparente Ermittlungsmethodik sowie ein Bewusstsein zu möglichen Annahmen helfen dabei. In der Reihe ENERGIE ERKLÄRT des Fraunhofer-Instituts für System- und Innovationsforschung ISI gehen Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler komplexen Sachverhalten aus der Praxis der Energieforschung nach und bieten einen anschaulichen und prägnanten Einstieg in die jeweiligen Themen.
In and out of unemployment—Labour market transitions and the role of testosterone
Creators: name: Eibich, Peter
name: Kanabar, Ricky
name: Plum, Alexander
name: Schmied, Julian
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Labour market dynamics
subject: Unemployment
subject: Testosterone
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Biological processes have provided new insights into diverging labour market trajectories. This paper uses population variation in testosterone levels to explain transition probabilities into and out of unemployment. We examine labour market transitions for 2004 initially employed and 111 initially unemployed British men from the UK Household Longitudinal Study (“Understanding Society”) between 2011 and 2013. We address the endogeneity of testosterone levels by using genetic variation as instrumental variables (Mendelian Randomization). We find that for both initially unemployed men as well as initially employed men, higher testosterone levels reduce the risk of unemployment. Based on previous studies and descriptive evidence, we argue that these effects are likely driven by differences in cognitive and non-cognitive skills as well as job search behaviour of men with higher testosterone levels. Our findings suggest that latent biological processes can affect job search behaviour and labour market outcomes without necessarily relating to illness and disability.