cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
MOESM1 of Changes in perceptions of neighborhood environment and Cardiometabolic outcomes in two predominantly African American neighborhoods
Creators: name: Gary-Webb, Tiffany
name: Egnot, Natalie
name: Nugroho, Alvin
name: Dubowitz, Tamara
name: Troxel, Wendy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. PHRESH 2013 Questionnaire.
Large-Scale Traffic Signal Offset Optimization
Creators: name: Ouyang, Yi
name: Zhang, Richard Y.
name: Lavaei, Javad
name: Varaiya, Pravin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The offset optimization problem seeks to coordinate and synchronize the timing of traffic signals throughout a network in order to enhance traffic flow and reduce stops and delays. Recently, offset optimization was formulated into a continuous optimization problem without integer variables by modeling traffic flow as sinusoidal. In this paper, we present a novel algorithm to solve this new formulation to near-global optimality on a large-scale. Specifically, we solve a convex relaxation of the nonconvex problem using a tree decomposition reduction, and use randomized rounding to recover a near-global solution. We prove that the algorithm always delivers solutions of expected value at least 0.785 times the globally optimal value. Moreover, assuming that the topology of the traffic network is "tree-like", we prove that the algorithm has near-linear time complexity with respect to the number of intersections. These theoretical guarantees are experimentally validated on the Berkeley, Manhattan, and Los Angeles traffic networks. In our numerical results, the empirical time complexity of the algorithm is linear, and the solutions have objectives within 0.99 times the globally optimal value.
Lattice QCD Determination of $g_A$
Creators: name: Walker-Loud, André
name: Berkowitz, Evan
name: Brantley, David A.
name: Gambhir, Arjun
name: Vranas, Pavlos
name: Bouchard, Chris
name: Chang, Chia Cheng
name: Clark, M. A.
name: Garron, Nicolas
name: Joó, Bálint
name: Kurth, Thorsten
name: Monge-Camacho, Henry
name: Nicholson, Amy
name: Monahan, Christopher J.
name: Orginos, Kostas
name: Rinaldi, Enrico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nucleon axial coupling, $g_A$, is a fundamental property of protons and neutrons, dictating the strength with which the weak axial current of the Standard Model couples to nucleons, and hence, the lifetime of a free neutron. The prominence of $g_A$ in nuclear physics has made it a benchmark quantity with which to calibrate lattice QCD calculations of nucleon structure and more complex calculations of electroweak matrix elements in one and few nucleon systems. There were a number of significant challenges in determining $g_A$, notably the notorious exponentially-bad signal-to-noise problem and the requirement for hundreds of thousands of stochastic samples, that rendered this goal more difficult to obtain than originally thought. I will describe the use of an unconventional computation method, coupled with "ludicrously'" fast GPU code, access to publicly available lattice QCD configurations from MILC and access to leadership computing that have allowed these challenges to be overcome resulting in a determination of $g_A$ with 1% precision and all sources of systematic uncertainty controlled. I will discuss the implications of these results for the convergence of $SU(2)$ Chiral Perturbation theory for nucleons, as well as prospects for further improvements to $g_A$ (sub-percent precision, for which we have preliminary results) which is part of a more comprehensive application of lattice QCD to nuclear physics. This is particularly exciting in light of the new CORAL supercomputers coming online, Sierra and Summit, for which our lattice QCD codes achieve a machine-to-machine speed up over Titan of an order of magnitude.
description: Plenary presentation at The 9th International workshop on Chiral Dynamics
Steering of a Bosonic Mode with a Double Quantum Dot
Creators: name: Brandes, T.
name: Lambert, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the transport and coherence properties of a double quantum dot coupled to a single damped boson mode. Our numerically results reveal how the properties of the boson distribution can be steered by altering parameters of the electronic system such as the energy difference between the dots. Quadrature amplitude variances and the Wigner function are employed to illustrate how the state of the boson mode can be controlled by a stationary electron current through the dots.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. B
A Cross-Sectional Analysis of U.S. Yogurt Demand
Creators: name: Davis, Christopher G.
name: Blayney, Donald P.
name: Muhammad, Andrew
name: Yen, Steven T.
name: Cooper, Joseph C.
name: Davis, Christopher G.
name: Blayney, Donald P.
name: Muhammad, Andrew
name: Yen, Steven T.
name: Cooper, Joseph C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Industrial Organization

description: Among processed and manufactured dairy products marketed in the United States, yogurt has one of the shortest histories and sharpest growth trends. To examine the socioeconomic factors associated with U.S. at-home yogurt demand, a demand system is used to analyze three yogurt products. Findings suggest that own-prices have negative effects and total expenditure has a positive effect on U.S. yogurt demand. Demographic factors do not have a large impact.
Merger rate density of binary black holes formed in open clusters
Creators: name: Kumamoto, Jun
name: Fujii, Michiko S.
name: Tanikawa, Ataru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several binary black holes (BBHs) have been observed using gravitational wave detectors. For the formation mechanism of BBHs, two main mechanisms, isolated binary evolution and dynamical formation in dense star clusters, have been suggested. Future observations are expected to provide more information about BBH distributions, and it will help us to distinguish the two formation mechanisms. For the star cluster channel, globular clusters have mainly been investigated. However, recent simulations have suggested that BBH formation in open clusters is not negligible. We estimate a local merger rate density of BBHs originated from open clusters using the results of our $N$-body simulations of open clusters with four different metallicities. We find that the merger rate per cluster is the highest for our 0.1 solar metallicity model. Assuming a cosmic star formation history and a metallicity evolution with dispersion, we estimate the local merger rate density of BBHs originated from open clusters to be $\sim 70~{\rm yr}^{-1} {\rm Gpc}^{-3}$. This value is comparable to the merger rate density expected from the first and second observation runs of LIGO and Virgo. In addition, we find that BBH mergers obtained from our simulations can reproduce the distribution of primary mass and mass ratio of merging BBHs estimated from the LIGO and Virgo observations.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Explicit description of twisted Wakimoto realizations of affine Lie algebras
Creators: name: Feher, L.
name: Pusztai, B. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a vertex algebraic framework, we present an explicit description of the twisted Wakimoto realizations of the affine Lie algebras in correspondence with an arbitrary finite order automorphism and a compatible integral gradation of a complex simple Lie algebra. This yields generalized free field realizations of the twisted and untwisted affine Lie algebras in any gradation. The free field form of the twisted Sugawara formula and examples are also exhibited.
description: 24 pages, LaTeX, v2: small corrections in appendix C
MOESM3 of Changes in the expression of genes encoding type IV pili-associated proteins are seen when Clostridium perfringens is grown in liquid or on surfaces
Creators: name: Soncini, Samantha
name: Hartman, Andrea
name: Gallagher, Tara
name: Camper, Gary
name: Jensen, Roderick
name: Melville, Stephen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3. Figures S1-S9.
Sasakian Geometry, Hypersurface Singularities, and Einstein Metrics
Creators: name: Boyer, Charles P.
name: Galicki, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 53C25

description: We review our study of Sasakian geometry as an agent for proving the existence of Einstein metrics on odd dimensional manifolds. Particular emphasis is given to the Sasakian structures occuring on links of isolated hypersurface singularities.
description: This is an expository article that grew out of notes for the three lectures the second author presented during the XXIV-th Winter School of {\it Geometry and Physics} in Srni, Czech Republic, in January of 2004., 30 pages. Some new examples and references were added
General parametrization of black holes: the only parameters that matter
Creators: name: Konoplya, R. A.
name: Zhidenko, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The general parametrization of a black-hole spacetime in arbitrary metric theories of gravity includes an infinite set of parameters. It is natural to suppose that essential astrophysically observable quantities, such as quasinormal modes, parameters of shadow, electromagnetic radiation and accreting matter in the vicinity of a black hole, must depend mostly on a few of these parameters. Starting from the parametrization for spherically symmetric configurations in the form of infinite continued fraction, we suggest a compact representation of the asymptotically flat spherically symmetric and slowly rotating black holes in terms of only three and four parameters respectively. A subclass of arbitrarily rotating black holes belonging to the Carter family can also be parametrized by only four parameters. This approximate representation of a black-hole metric should allow one to describe physical observables in the region of strong gravity.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure, new material on rotating black holes is added - the version accepted for publication in Physical Review D
Continuous agent-based modeling of adult-child pairs based on a pseudo-energy: Relevance for public safety and egress efficiency
Creators: name: Xie, Chuan-Zhi Thomas
name: Tang, Tie-Qiao
name: Nicolas, Alexandre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pushes, falls, stampedes, and crushes are safety hazards that emerge from the collective motion of crowds, but might be avoided by better design and guidance. While pedestrian dynamics are now getting better understood on the whole, complex heterogeneous flows involvinge.g. adult-child pairs, though widely found at e.g. crowded Chinese training schools, still defy the current understanding and capabilities of crowd simulation models. We substantially extend a recent agent-based model in which each agent's choice of motion results from the minimization ofa sum of intuitive contributions, in order to integrate adult-child pairs. This is achieved by adding a suitably defined pairing potential. The resulting model captures the relative positions of pair members in a quantitative fashion, as confirmed by small-scale controlled experiments, and alsosucceeds in describing collision avoidance between pairs. The model is used to simulate mixed adult-child flows at a T-junction and test the sensitivity to the design and pairing strategies. Simulation shows that making the post-confluence corridor wide enough is critical to avoidfriction in the flow, and that tight hand-holding is advisable for safer evacuations (whereas more loosely bound pairs get split at high density) and, more marginally, more efficient egresses in normal conditions.
Comment to "Experimental Evidence of a Dynamic Jahn-Teller Effect in C60+"
Creators: name: Manini, Nicola
name: Tosatti, Erio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A recent Letter reports photoemission data for the free C60 molecule, showing an interesting three-peak structure, presented as evidence of dynamic Jahn-Teller (DJT) effect in the C60+ ion. Those data constitute, along with earlier spectra by the Uppsala group, the best available piece of experimental evidence about the spectrum of a hole in fullerene. DJT must indeed affect the fivefold-degenerate h_u hole molecular orbital, but we contend that the energy separation of these three peaks is far too large for the proposed tunneling interpretation to be correct.
description: 2 pages, 1 figure in 2 ps files. Comment to S.E. Canton et al., Phys.Rev.Lett. 89, 045502 (2002)
Grain Shipper/Railroad Contract Disclosure: An Experimental Analysis
Creators: name: Ruppel, Fred J.
name: Fuller, Stephen W.
name: McKnight, Mary
name: Ruppel, Fred J.
name: Fuller, Stephen W.
name: McKnight, Mary
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1990
Subjects: subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Experimental economics
subject: transportation
subject: grain transportation
subject: railroad contracting

description: The Staggers Rail Act (1980) permitted confidential railroad contracts. Legislation later required disclosure of certain contract terms to allay small shippers' claims of injury. This study uses experimental economics to analyze the effects of information disclosure. The oligoplastic market structure was designed to simulate the market for rail services in the South and Central Great Plains. Contract information was disclosed to test participants under three scenarios: no disclosure, partial disclosure, and full disclosure. The analysis revealed favorable impacts on efficiency but no discernible effect on negotiated prices. An unexpected outcome was profittering by some participants under the partial disclosure format.
Phototmetry of V1062 Tau: low states, short outbursts, and period-switching
Creators: name: Lipkin, Y. M.
name: Leibowitz, E. M.
name: Orio, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Time resolved photometry of the long-period intermediate polar V1062 Tau confirmed the presence of the previously reported orbital and spin periods, and revealed the presence of a third one, corresponding to the beat of the two. While the orbital periodicity was present throughout our data, only one of the shorter periods was detectable at any given time. On a time-scale of ~90 days, the short-period modulation in the light curve of the star changed three times between the spin period and the beat. On longer time-scales, we report two outbursts of V1062 Tau (the first to be recorded for this object) - both of which were probably short, low-amplitude ones (dm ~1.2 mag). Our data also suggest a brief low state phase in 2002 Jan. Thus, this system joins two exclusive groups of intermediate polars: those undergoing short outbursts, and those having low states. We propose that the alternations between the short periods that modulate the light curve were caused by changes in the accretion mode, from disc-fed accretion, to disc-overflow accretion. We further suggest that these changes may have been triggered by changes in mass-transfer rate, which were manifested by the low-state/outburst activity of the system.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Multi-core fiber integrated multi-port beamsplitters for quantum information processing
Creators: name: Cariñe, J.
name: Cañas, G.
name: Skrzypczyk, P.
name: Šupić, I.
name: Guerrero, N.
name: Garcia, T.
name: Pereira, L.
name: Prosser, M. A. S.
name: Xavier, G. B.
name: Delgado, A.
name: Walborn, S. P.
name: Cavalcanti, D.
name: Lima, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multi-port beamsplitters are cornerstone devices for high-dimensional quantum information tasks, which can outperform the two-dimensional ones. Nonetheless, the fabrication of such devices has been proven to be challenging with progress only recently achieved with the advent of integrated photonics. Here, we report on the production of high-quality $N \times N$ (with $N=4,7$) multi-port beamsplitters based on a new scheme for manipulating multi-core optical fibers. By exploring their compatibility with optical fiber components, we create 4-dimensional quantum systems and implement the measurement-device-independent random number generation task with a programmable 4-arm interferometer operating at a 2 MHz repetition rate. Thanks to the high visibilities observed, we surpass the 1-bit limit of binary protocols and attain 1.23 bits of certified private randomness per experimental round. Our result demonstrates that fast switching, low-loss and high optical quality for high-dimensional quantum information can be simultaneously achieved with multi-core fiber technology.
MOESM1 of Changes in the expression of genes encoding type IV pili-associated proteins are seen when Clostridium perfringens is grown in liquid or on surfaces
Creators: name: Soncini, Samantha
name: Hartman, Andrea
name: Gallagher, Tara
name: Camper, Gary
name: Jensen, Roderick
name: Melville, Stephen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Tables S1-S4.
Income Taxes and Price Variability in Storable Commodity Markets
Creators: name: McNew, Kevin
name: Gardner, Bruce
name: McNew, Kevin
name: Gardner, Bruce
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Agricultural marketing

description: Progressive income taxes lead to distortions in economic decisions made across tax years. This is particularly important when income can be quite volatile, as in the case of agriculture. Progressive taxes, therefore, can fundamentally change economic behavior over time. This study explores how progressive income taxes influence storage decisions and the markets for storable commodities. Under a progressive tax system, commodity storage tends to be lower in the aggregate, and, as a consequence, price volatility increases. These distortions could be eliminated by introducing a flat-rate tax or by changing the tax reporting system for farmers.
Cattle Basis Risk and Grid Pricing
Creators: name: Graff, Jennifer L.
name: Schroeder, Ted C.
name: Graff, Jennifer L.
name: Schroeder, Ted C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Agricultural marketing

description: The beef industry is increasingly moving towards a more value-based pricing system in an attempt to send appropriate signals to producers. Beef packers have responded by developing grid pricing systems which value each carcass separately based on its own merit, as opposed to one price for an entire pen of cattle. This study estimates how the level of variability in basis is affected when cattle are sold on a price grid compared to traditional live and dressed weight pricing. In addition, we determine how basis risk is affected by general spatial price variability, uncertainty regarding cattle quality, variation in dressing percentage, and movement in the Choice-to-Select price spread. Weekly basis is evaluated using six alternative pricing methods over an eight-year period. Live-weight pricing has the lowest basis variability of the six pricing methods examined. Cattle sold using grids have greater basis variability primarily because of uncertainty regarding cattle quality and to a lesser extent, changes in grid premiums and discounts over time.
Fast noise-resistant control of donor nuclear spin qubits in silicon
Creators: name: Simon, James
name: Calderon-Vargas, F. A.
name: Barnes, Edwin
name: Economou, Sophia E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A high degree of controllability and long coherence time make the nuclear spin of a phosphorus donor in isotopically purified silicon a promising candidate for a quantum bit. However, long-distance two-qubit coupling and fast, robust gates remain outstanding challenges for these systems. Here, following recent proposals for long-distance coupling via dipole-dipole interactions, we present a simple method to implement fast, high-fidelity arbitrary single- and two-qubit gates in the absence of charge noise. Moreover, we provide a method to make the single-qubit gates robust to moderate levels of charge noise to well within an error bound of $10^{-3}$.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures
Fluctuating Hall resistance defeats the quantized Hall insulator
Creators: name: Cain, Philipp
name: Roemer, Rudolf A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the Chalker-Coddington network model as a drastically simplified, but universal model of integer quantum Hall physics, we investigate the plateau-to-insulator transition at strong magnetic field by means of a real-space renormalization approach. Our results suggest that for a fully quantum coherent situation, the quantized Hall insulator with R_H approx. h/e^2 is observed up to R_L ~25 h/e^2 when studying the most probable value of the distribution function P(R_H). Upon further increasing R_L ->\infty the Hall insulator with diverging Hall resistance R_H \propto R_L^kappa is seen. The crossover between these two regimes depends on the precise nature of the averaging procedure.
description: major revision, discussion of averaging improved; 8 pages, 7 figures; accepted for publication in EPL
Innovative Hedging and Financial Services: Using Price Protection to Enhance the Availability of Agricultural Credit
Creators: name: Braga, Francesco
name: Gear, Brian
name: Braga, Francesco
name: Gear, Brian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Agricultural marketing

description: The use of currency translated average rate options is shown to be a cost effective way to hedge corn and soybean price risk in Ontario when the timing of the cash sales extends over several months. Standardized contracts incorporating the over-the-counter instrument may be developed, and could be offered as an add-on to an operating line of credit. Lower average commodity prices would result in a reduced principal repayment obligation. Overall this would also lead to improved credit risk and lower cost of capital.
MOESM2 of Seroprevalences of multi-pathogen and description of farm movement in pigs in two provinces in Vietnam
Creators: name: Lee, Hu
name: Bui, Vuong
name: Nguyen, Huyen
name: Bui, Anh
name: Hoang, Trung
name: Nguyen-Viet, Hung
name: Randolph, Delia Grace
name: Wieland, Barbara
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. Questionnaire for pig farmers.
Penetration of wind-generated near-inertial waves into a turbulent ocean
Creators: name: Asselin, Olivier
name: Young, William R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An idealized storm scenario is examined in which a wind-generated inertial wave interacts with a turbulent baroclinic quasi-geostrophic flow. The flow is initialized by spinning up a Eady model with a realistic stratification profile. The storm is modeled as an initial value problem for a mixed-layer confined, horizontally-uniform inertial oscillation. The primordial inertial oscillation then evolves under the effects of advection, refraction, dispersion and dissipation. Waves feedback onto the flow by modifying its potential vorticity. In the first few days, refraction dominates and wave energy is attracted (repelled) by regions of negative (positive) vorticity. Wave energy is subsequently drained down anticyclonic pipes. This drainage halts as wave energy encounters weakening vorticity. After a week or two, wave energy accumulates at the bottom of negative vorticity features, i.e. along filamentary structures at shallow depths and in larger anticyclones at greater depths. Wave feedback tends to weaken vortices and thus slow down wave penetration. This effect, however, is found to be weak even for vigorous storms.
description: Sumbitted to the Journal of Physical Oceanography
Impacts of Reduced Public Information on Price Discovery and Marketing Efficiency in the Fed Cattle Market
Creators: name: Anderson, John
name: Ward, Clement
name: Koontz, Stephen
name: Peel, Derrell
name: Anderson, John
name: Ward, Clement
name: Koontz, Stephen
name: Peel, Derrell
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Agricultural marketing

description: There has been reduced government support and funding for market news and other information services in agricultural markets. This research examines the effect on the level of variability of cash fed cattle prices from reducing public information on price reporting. This information is provided by USDA Agricultural Marketing Service. The research also examines the effect of less information on marketing efficiency. The impact of reduced market information is measured with an experimental economics tool: The Fed Cattle Market Simulator. Results suggest removal, or reduction, in USDA-AMS information will fundamentally change the price discovery process. Participants rely more on futures and less on boxed beef to help discover cash cattle prices. There was an inconclusive change in mean transaction price -- favoring neither meatpackers or feedlots -- but an increase in transaction price variability. There was also greater mean-level dispersion in transaction prices across firms. Price discovery is less efficient. There is also a reduction in marketing efficiency. Cattle are marketed at high-cost weights. The experiment suggests there is a net loss to society, not just market participants, from reduced public price reporting information.
No nonminimally coupled massless scalar hair for spherically symmetric neutral black holes
Creators: name: Hod, Shahar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a remarkably compact proof that spherically symmetric neutral black holes cannot support static nonminimally coupled massless scalar fields. The theorem is based on causality restrictions imposed on the energy-momentum tensor of the fields near the regular black-hole horizon.
description: 8 pages
Structural Econometric Models: Past and Future (with Special Reference to Agricultural Economics Applications)
Creators: name: Tomek, William G.
name: Tomek, William G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Agricultural marketing

description: This paper has three objectives: to review the historical contributions of the literature on structural models, to outline the problems of obtaining robust estimates of parameters, and to discuss how to improve the quality of results. The paper emphasizes applications in agricultural economics. The outline of the paper follows these objectives. I first discuss the nature of the contributions to the literature, but not the details of results. Then, I characterize the problems that have arisen in estimation. This naturally leads to a discussion of the consequences of the problems for empirical results and the impacts this has had on empirical econometrics. The final section looks to the future: how can we improve the quality of our work?
Matter in extremis: ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions at RHIC
Creators: name: Jacobs, Peter
name: Wang, Xin-Nian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the physics of nuclear matter at high energy density and the experimental search for the Quark-Gluon Plasma at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The data obtained in the first three years of the RHIC physics program provide several lines of evidence that a novel state of matter has been created in the most violent, head-on collisions of $Au$ nuclei at $\sqrt{s}=200$ GeV. Jet quenching and global measurements show that the initial energy density of the strongly interacting medium generated in the collision is about two orders of magnitude larger than that of cold nuclear matter, well above the critical density for the deconfinement phase transition predicted by lattice QCD. The observed collective flow patterns imply that the system thermalizes early in its evolution, with the dynamics of its expansion consistent with ideal hydrodynamic flow based on a Quark-Gluon Plasma equation of state.
description: 93 pages, 46 figures; final version for journal incorporating minor changes and corrections
MOESM1 of Seroprevalences of multi-pathogen and description of farm movement in pigs in two provinces in Vietnam
Creators: name: Lee, Hu
name: Bui, Vuong
name: Nguyen, Huyen
name: Bui, Anh
name: Hoang, Trung
name: Nguyen-Viet, Hung
name: Randolph, Delia Grace
name: Wieland, Barbara
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Summary of survey data for pig farms in Bac Giang and Nghe An province of Vietnam.
Fairness-Enhancing Ensemble Classification in Water Distribution Networks
Creators: name: Strotherm, Janine
name: Hammer, Barbara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: As relevant examples such as the future criminal detection software [1] show, fairness of AI-based and social domain affecting decision support tools constitutes an important area of research. In this contribution, we investigate the applications of AI to socioeconomically relevant infrastructures such as those of water distribution networks (WDNs), where fairness issues have yet to gain a foothold. To establish the notion of fairness in this domain, we propose an appropriate definition of protected groups and group fairness in WDNs as an extension of existing definitions. We demonstrate that typical methods for the detection of leakages in WDNs are unfair in this sense. Further, we thus propose a remedy to increase the fairness which can be applied even to non-differentiable ensemble classification methods as used in this context.
Pharnacia Stal. Consequently 1877
Creators: name: Hennemann, Frank H.
name: Conle, Oskar V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Phasmida
Phasmatidae
Pharnacia

description: Pharnacia Stål, 1877
 Type species: Pharnacia ponderosa Stål, 1877a: 40, by subsequent designation of Kirby, 1904a: 359.
description: Published as part of Hennemann, Frank H. & Conle, Oskar V., 2008, Revision of Oriental Phasmatodea: The tribe Pharnaciini Günther, 1953, including the description of the world's longest insect, and a survey of the family Phasmatidae Gray, 1835 with keys to the subfamilies and tribes (Phasmatodea: " Anareolatae ": Phasmatidae), pp. 1-316 in Zootaxa 1906 on page 266
Post-harvest Grain Marketing with Efficient Futures
Creators: name: Kastens, Terry L.
name: Dhuyvetter, Kevin C.
name: Kastens, Terry L.
name: Dhuyvetter, Kevin C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Agricultural marketing

description: This study is a simulation that tests whether Kansas wheat, corn, milo (grain sorghum), and soybean producers could have used deferred-futures-plus-historical-basis cash price expectations to profitably guide post-harvest grain storage decisions from 1985 through 1997. The signaled storage decision is compared to a representative Kansas producer whose crop sales mimic average Kansas marketings. Twenty-three grain price locations are examined. The simulation resulted in a 15 cent per bushel annual increase in grain storage profits for wheat producers, 23 cents for soybeans, -6 cents for corn, and -8 cents for milo; but storage profit differences varied substantially across locations. Inferences for random Kansas cash price locations were robust to alternative basis expectations, marketing year starting dates, model starting dates, interest rates, and storage cost structures.
Trends in the Accuracy of USDA Production Forecasts for Beef and Pork
Creators: name: Bailey, DeeVon
name: Brorsen, B. Wade
name: Bailey, DeeVon
name: Brorsen, B. Wade
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Agricultural marketing

description: Trends in the accuracy of USDA forecasts of beef and pork production and supply are evaluated. The USDA forecasts underestimated production and supply in the 1980s, but this bias has now disappeared. The variance of forecasts has also declined. Thus, the accuracy of the forecasts has improved. The most recent forecasts meet the criteria of optimal forecasts while the forecasts of the 1980s were not optimal.
Design and Evaluation of Long Term Commodity Pricing Contracts
Creators: name: Unterschultz, James
name: Novak, Frank
name: Unterschultz, James
name: Novak, Frank
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Agricultural marketing

description: Window contracts and cost plus contracts are being used for managing risk in long term producer-processor contracting relationships. Window contracts place a floor price and a ceiling price on the value of the commodity to the producer. Cost plus contracts base the minimum price on the cost of inputs. These contracts can be decomposed into portfolios of specialized put and call options. Monte Carlo option valuation techniques evaluated the impact of different price process assumptions on the values in these contracts. The conclusions are that knowledge of the price process is very important. Mean reverting processes, where the mean is correctly identified, lead to lower valued implied options in both window and spread contracts. Different strike prices are required for different times to maturity if the value of floor price (put option) is to equal the value of the ceiling price (call option) for window contracts. The floor and ceiling prices for window contracts and the cost plus portion of spread contracts need to change with the expected delivery date. A contract covering 10 years of production cannot have one single set of window prices or spread cost plus components.
Improved Compressed String Dictionaries
Creators: name: Brisaboa, Nieves R.
name: Cerdeira-Pena, Ana
name: de Bernardo, Guillermo
name: Navarro, Gonzalo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce a new family of compressed data structures to efficiently store and query large string dictionaries in main memory. Our main technique is a combination of hierarchical Front-coding with ideas from longest-common-prefix computation in suffix arrays. Our data structures yield relevant space-time tradeoffs in real-world dictionaries. We focus on two domains where string dictionaries are extensively used and efficient compression is required: URL collections, a key element in Web graphs and applications such as Web mining; and collections of URIs and literals, the basic components of RDF datasets. Our experiments show that our data structures achieve better compression than the state-of-the-art alternatives while providing very competitive query times.
description: This research has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions H2020-MSCA-RISE-2015 BIRDS GA No. 690941
MOESM9 of miRNA and circRNA expression patterns in mouse brain during toxoplasmosis development
Creators: name: Chun-Xue Zhou
name: Ai, Kang
name: Huang, Cui-Qin
name: Guo, Jing-Jing
name: Cong, Hua
name: Shen-Yi He
name: Zhu, Xing-Quan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 9: Table S6. Differentially expressed circRNAs and their corresponding host genes.
Eumunida balssi Gordon 1930
Creators: name: Baba, Keiji
name: Macpherson, Enrique
name: Poore, Gary C. B.
name: Ahyong, Shane T.
name: Bermudez, Adriana
name: Cabezas, Patricia
name: Lin, Chia-Wei
name: Nizinski, Martha
name: Rodrigues, Celso
name: Schnabel, Kareen E.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Chirostylidae
Eumunida
Eumunida balssi

description: Eumunida balssi Gordon, 1930
 Eumunida Smithii. — Balss, 1913b: 21 (part), fig. 16 (Sagami Bay, 600 m).
 Eumunida balssi Gordon, 1930: 752 (Sagami Bay, 600 m). — Baba, 1988: 11 (Sagami Bay and W of Kyushu, 249 m). — de Saint Laurent & Macpherson, 1990a: 266, fig. 13b, f, h, m (reexamination of type material). — Baba, 2005: 18, 209 (synonymies) (Japan W of Nagasaki and Sagami Bay, 179–732 m).
 Eumunida (Eumunidopsis) balssi. — de Saint Laurent & Poupin, 1996: 375, figs 13a–b (reexamination of type material).
 Not Eumunida balssi. — Van Dam, 1933: 10 (= E. smithii Henderson, 1885).
Type data: holotype, male, ZSM 103 /1.
Type locality: Sagami Bay, 600 m.
description: Published as part of Baba, Keiji, Macpherson, Enrique, Poore, Gary C. B., Ahyong, Shane T., Bermudez, Adriana, Cabezas, Patricia, Lin, Chia-Wei, Nizinski, Martha, Rodrigues, Celso & Schnabel, Kareen E., 2008, Catalogue of squat lobsters of the world (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura-families Chirostylidae, Galatheidae and Kiwaidae), pp. 1-220 in Zootaxa 1905 (1) on page 16, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1905.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5134587
The Topological Vertex
Creators: name: Aganagic, Mina
name: Klemm, Albrecht
name: Marino, Marcos
name: Vafa, Cumrun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We construct a cubic field theory which provides all genus amplitudes of the topological A-model for all non-compact Calabi-Yau toric threefolds. The topology of a given Feynman diagram encodes the topology of a fixed Calabi-Yau, with Schwinger parameters playing the role of Kahler classes of Calabi-Yau. We interpret this result as an operatorial computation of the amplitudes in the B-model mirror which is the Kodaira-Spencer quantum theory. The only degree of freedom of this theory is an unconventional chiral scalar on a Riemann surface. In this setup we identify the B-branes on the mirror Riemann surface as fermions related to the chiral boson by bosonization.
description: 70 pages, 16 figures, harvmac
Cosmological Complexity
Creators: name: Bhattacharyya, Arpan
name: Das, Saurya
name: Haque, S. Shajidul
name: Underwood, Bret
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the quantum circuit complexity of the evolution of scalar curvature perturbations on expanding backgrounds, using the language of squeezed vacuum states. In particular, we construct a simple cosmological model consisting of an early-time period of de Sitter expansion followed by a radiation-dominated era and track the evolution of complexity throughout this history. During early-time de Sitter expansion the complexity grows linearly with the number of e-folds for modes outside the horizon. The evolution of complexity also suggests that the Universe behaves like a chaotic system during this era, for which we propose a scrambling time and Lyapunov exponent. During the radiation-dominated era, however, the complexity decreases until it "freezes in" after horizon re-entry, leading to a "de-complexification" of the Universe.
description: 19 pages, 8 figures. Published version
LMC Self-lensing from a new perspective
Creators: name: Mancini, L.
name: Novati, S. Calchi
name: Jetzer, Ph.
name: Scarpetta, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new analysis on the issue of the location of the observed microlensing events in direction of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). This is carried out starting from a recently drawn coherent picture of the geometrical structure and dynamics of the LMC disk and by considering different configurations for the LMC bar. In this framework it clearly emerges that the spatial distribution of the events observed so far shows a near--far asymmetry. This turns out to be compatible with the optical depth calculated for the LMC halo objects. In this perspective, our main conclusion, supported by a statistical analysis on the outcome of an evaluation of the microlensing rate, is that self lensing can not account for all the observed events. Finally we propose a general inequality to calculate quickly an upper limit to the optical depth along a line of view through the LMC center.
description: revised version (minor changes) Accepted for publication in A&A
Active inference and deep generative modeling for cognitive ultrasound
Creators: name: van Sloun, Ruud JG
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Ultrasound (US) has the unique potential to offer access to medical imaging to anyone, everywhere. Devices have become ultra-portable and cost-effective, akin to the stethoscope. Nevertheless US image quality and diagnostic efficacy are still highly operator- and patient-dependent. In difficult-to-image patients, image quality is often insufficient for reliable diagnosis. In this paper, we put forth that US imaging systems can be recast as information-seeking agents that engage in reciprocal interactions with their anatomical environment. Such agents autonomously adapt their transmit-receive sequences to fully personalize imaging and actively maximize information gain in-situ. To that end, we will show that the sequence of pulse-echo experiments that a US system performs can be interpreted as a perception-action loop: the action is the data acquisition, probing tissue with acoustic waves and recording reflections at the detection array, and perception is the inference of the anatomical and or functional state, potentially including associated diagnostic quantities. We then equip systems with a mechanism to actively reduce uncertainty and maximize diagnostic value across a sequence of experiments, treating action and perception jointly using Bayesian inference given generative models of the environment and action-conditional pulse-echo observations. Since the representation capacity of the generative models dictates both the quality of inferred anatomical states and the effectiveness of inferred sequences of future imaging actions, we will be greatly leveraging the enormous advances in deep generative modelling that are currently disrupting many fields and society at large. Finally, we show some examples of cognitive, closed-loop, US systems that perform active beamsteering and adaptive scanline selection, based on deep generative models that track anatomical belief states.
Nonequilibrium Green's function's approach to the calculation of work statistics
Creators: name: Fei, Zhaoyu
name: Quan, H. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The calculation of work distributions in a quantum many-body system is of significant importance and also of formidable difficulty in the field of nonequilibrium quantum statistical mechanics. To solve this problem, inspired by Schwinger-Keldysh formalism, we propose the contour-integral formulation of the work statistics. Based on this contour integral, we show how to do the perturbation expansion of the characteristic function of work (CFW) and obtain the approximate expression of the CFW to the second order of the work parameter for an arbitrary system under a perturbative protocol. We also demonstrate the validity of fluctuation theorems by utilizing the Kubo-Martin-Schwinger condition. Finally, we use noninteracting identical particles in a forced harmonic potential as an example to demonstrate the powerfulness of our approach.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure