cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
ESTIMATING NONLINEAR DYNAMIC MODELS USING LEAST ABSOLUTE ERROR ESTIMATION
Creators: name: Weiss, Andrew
name: Weiss, Andrew
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1986
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
Risk and Uncertainty

description: We consider least absolute error estimation in a nonlinear dynamic model with neither independent nor identically distributed errors. Under the null hypothesis and local alternatives, the estimator is shown to be consistent and asymptotically normal, with asymptotic covariance matrix depending upon the heights of the density functions of the errors at their median (zero). A consistent estimator of the asymptotic covariance matrix of the estimator is given, and the Wald, Lagrange multiplier and Likelihood ratio tests for linear restrictions on the parameters in the regression equation are discussed. The Wald and Lagrange multiplier tests are distributed as central x2 under the null and non-central x2 under local alternatives. The Likelihood ratio test on the other hand is not always equivalent to the other two tests and may not be asymptotically distributed as x2. A simple artificial regression form of the Lagrange multiplier test is available in omitted variables problems, making this test attractive in many testing situations. Since the form of the covariance matrix and tests depend on the presence or absence of heteroscedasticity, a Lagrange multiplier test based on the absolute residuals is analysed.
Bibliografía teórico-crítica sobre la literatura hispanomagrebí
Creators: name: García Vela, Luis
Publisher: name: ResearchGate
Year: 2025

description: La finalidad de la realización de esta bibliografía ha sido reunir, por primera vez, y en la medida de lo posible, todas las referencias existentes acerca de la producción literaria hispanomagrebí. En su recopilación, he excluido los estudios: 1) acerca de la representación de la migración en la literatura escrita por autores españoles, 2) acerca de las relaciones hispanomarroquíes e hispanomagrebíes y 3) acerca de la historia «común». La he confeccionado a fin de recuperar los resultados de décadas de investigación, pues esta es, sin duda, un esfuerzo colectivo, más si cabe en el caso de una literatura de frontera como la que nos ocupa.

 

The aim of this bibliography has been to compile, for the first time and as comprehensively as possible, all existing references to Hispanophone-Maghrebi literary production. In assembling it, I have excluded studies on: 1) the representation of migration in literature written by Spanish authors, 2) Hispano-Moroccan and Hispano-Maghrebi relations, and 3) “shared” History. This bibliography seeks to recover the results of decades of research, as it is inherently collective, especially in the case of border literature like this.

 

L'objectif de cette bibliographie était de réunir, pour la première fois et aussi exhaustivement que possible, toutes les références existantes sur la production littéraire hispano-maghrébine. Dans ce travail, j'ai exclu les études portant sur: 1) la représentation de la migration dans la littérature écrite par des auteurs espagnols, 2) sur les relations hispano-marocaines et hispano-maghrébines, et 3) l'histoire «commune». Cette bibliographie vise à préserver les résultats de décennies de recherche, reconnaissant qu’un tel travail est, par nature, un effort collective, d’autant plus lorsqu’il s’agit d’une littérature frontalière comme celle-ci.

 

Das Ziel dieser Bibliografie war es, erstmals und so umfassend wie möglich alle vorhandenen Referenzen zur hispano-maghrebinischen Literaturproduktion zusammenzutragen. Bei der Zusammenstellung habe ich folgende Studien ausgeschlossen: 1) zur die Darstellung der Migration in der Literatur spanischer Autoren, 2) zu den Beziehungen zwischen Spanien und Marokko bzw. Spanien und dem Maghreb sowie 3) zur ‚gemeinsamen‘ Geschichte. Diese Bibliografie soll die Ergebnisse jahrzehntelanger Forschung bewahren, da ein solches Unterfangen zweifellos eine kollektive Anstrengung ist, umso mehr  im Fall einer Grenzliteratur wie dieser.

 

كان الهدف من هذه قائمة المراجع هو جمع جميع المراجع المتاحة حول الإنتاج الأدب المغاربي المكتوب بالإسبانية لأول مرة بأكبر قدر ممكن من الشمولية. عند إعدادها، استبعدتُ الدراسات التي تناول: 1) تمثيل الهجرة في الأدب الذي كتبه مؤلفين إسبان، 2) العلاقات الإسبانية المغربية والإسبانية المغاربية، و3) التاريخ «المشترك». تهدف هذه قائمة المراجع إلى توثيق نتائج عقود من البحث، إدراكًا لأن هذا العمل هو، بلا شك، جهد جماعي—وخاصة عندما يتعلق الأمر بأدب حدودي كهذا.
Additional file 1 of Preparing for a community-based agriculture-to-nutrition trial in rural Malawi: formative research to assess feasibility and inform design and implementation decisions
Creators: name: Chiutsi-Phiri, Gabriella
name: Kalimbira, Alexander A.
name: Banda, Leonard
name: Nalivata, Patson C.
name: Sanuka, Marion
name: Kalumikiza, Zione
name: Matandika, Limbanazo
name: Mfutso-Bengo, Joseph
name: Allen, Elizabeth
name: Ferguson, Elaine
name: Sturgess, Joanna
name: Broadley, Martin R.
name: Langley-Evans, Simon
name: Millar, Kate
name: Gashu, Dawd
name: Joy, Edward J. M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Household survey questionnaire
Learning Heterogeneous Knowledge Base Embeddings for Explainable Recommendation
Creators: name: Ai, Qingyao
name: Azizi, Vahid
name: Chen, Xu
name: Zhang, Yongfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Providing model-generated explanations in recommender systems is important to user experience. State-of-the-art recommendation algorithms - especially collaborative filtering (CF)-based approaches with shallow or deep models - usually work with various unstructured information sources for recommendation, such as textual reviews, visual images, and various implicit or explicit feedbacks. Though structured knowledge bases were considered in content-based approaches, they have been largely ignored recently due to the research focus on CF approaches. However, structured knowledge exhibit unique advantages in personalized recommendation systems. When the explicit knowledge about users and items is considered for recommendation, the system could provide highly customized recommendations based on users' historical behaviors and the knowledge is helpful for providing informed explanations regarding the recommended items. A great challenge for using knowledge bases for recommendation is how to integrate large-scale structured data, while taking advantage of collaborative filtering for highly accurate performance. Recent achievements in knowledge-base embedding (KBE) sheds light on this problem, which makes it possible to learn user and item representations while preserving the structure of their relationship with external knowledge for explanation. In this work, we propose to explain knowledge-base embeddings for explainable recommendation. Specifically, we propose a knowledge-base representation learning framework to embed heterogeneous entities for recommendation, and based on the embedded knowledge base, a soft matching algorithm is proposed to generate personalized explanations for the recommended items. Experimental results on real-world e-commerce datasets verified the superior recommendation performance and the explainability power of our approach compared with state-of-the-art baselines.
description: Accepted in Algorithms 11(9):137, 2018, Special Issue on Collaborative Filtering and Recommender Systems
Cosmological constraints from current CMB and SN 1a data: a brute force 8 parameter analysis
Creators: name: Tegmark, Max
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe constraints on a ``standard'' 8 parameter open cold dark matter (CDM) model from the most recent CMB and SN1a data. Our parameters are the densities of CDM, baryons, vacuum energy and curvature, the reionization optical depth, and the normalization and tilt for both scalar and tensor fluctuations. We find that although the possibility of reionization and gravity waves substantially weakens the constraints on CDM and baryon density, tilt, Hubble constant and curvature, allowing e.g. a closed Universe, open models with vanishing cosmological constant are still strongly disfavored.
description: 4 pages, with 3 figs included. Revised to match accepted ApJL version. Links, data and color figs at http://www.sns.ias.edu/~max/9parframes.html or from max@ias.edu
Evolution of bias in different cosmological models
Creators: name: Colin, Pedro
name: Klypin, Anatoly
name: Kravtsov, Andrey
name: Khokhlov, Alexei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the evolution of the halo-halo correlation function and bias in four cosmological models (LCDM, OCDM, tauCDM, and SCDM) using very high-resolution N-body simulations. The high force and mass resolution allows dark matter (DM) halos to survive in the tidal fields of high-density regions and thus prevents the ambiguities related with the ``overmerging problem.'' This allows us to estimate for the first time the evolution of the correlation function and bias at small (down to ~100/h kpc) scales. We find that at all epochs the 2-point correlation function of galaxy-size halos xi_hh is well approximated by a power-law with slope ~1.6-1.8. The difference between the shape of xi_hh and the shape of the correlation function of matter results in the scale-dependent bias at scales <7/h Mpc, which we find to be a generic prediction of the hierarchical models. The bias evolves rapidly from a high value of ~2-5 at z~3-7 to the anti-bias of b~0.5-1 at small <5/h Mpc scales at z=0. We find that our results agree well with existing clustering data at different redshifts. Particularly, we find an excellent agreement in both slope and the amplitude between xi_hh(z=0) in our LCDM simulation and the galaxy correlation function measured using the APM galaxy survey. At high redshifts, the observed clustering of the Lyman-break galaxies is also well reproduced by the models. The agreement with the data at high and low z indicates the general success of the hierarchical models of structure formation in which galaxies form inside the host DM halos. (Abridged)
description: submitted to the Astrophys.Journal; 21 pages, LaTeX (uses emulateapj.sty); full resolution versions of figs.1 and 2 are available at http://astro.nmsu.edu/~akravtso/GROUP/group_publications.html or at ftp://charon.nmsu.edu/pub/kravtsov/PAPERS/Bias/
Lunar Mean Anomaly - al-Battani by van Dalen (Benno) and Pedersen (Fritz S.) (2008) | Type-B (ID n° 431)
Creators: name: van Dalen (Benno) and Pedersen, Fritz S.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2022
Subjects: Astronomy
History of astronomy
DISHAS
Astronomical table

description: This is a type B edition: A type-B edition corresponds to a critical edition of several table witnesses:
 it is based on several different editions, themselves based on tables from different primary sources.
 A type-B edition can be based on type-A, type-B or type-C editions.
You can find it on the DISHAS project website from this link: https://dishas.obspm.fr/table-edition/431
Locally Optimally Emitting Clouds and the Origin of Quasar Emission Lines
Creators: name: Baldwin, Jack
name: Ferland, Gary
name: Korista, Kirk
name: Verner, Dima
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The similarity of quasar line spectra has been taken as an indication that the emission line clouds have preferred parameters, suggesting that the environment is subject to a fine tuning process. We show here that the observed spectrum is a natural consequence of powerful selection effects. We computed a large grid of photoionization models covering the widest possible range of cloud gas density and distance from the central continuum source. For each line only a narrow range of density and distance from the continuum source results in maximum reprocessing efficiency, corresponding to ``locally optimally-emitting clouds'' (LOC). These parameters depend on the ionization and excitation potentials of the line, and its thermalization density. The mean QSO line spectrum can be reproduced by simply adding together the full family of clouds, with an appropriate covering fraction distribution. The observed quasar spectrum is a natural consequence of the ability of various clouds to reprocess the underlying continuum, and can arise in a chaotic environment with no preferred pressure, gas density, or ionization parameter.
description: 9 pages including 1 ps figure. LaTeX format using aaspp4.sty
The Examination of Eigenvalues and Eigenfunctions of the Sturm-Liouville Fuzzy Problem According to Boundary Conditions
Creators: name: Hulya Gultekin Citil
name: Altinsik, Nihat
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 10104 Combinatorics and Discrete Mathematics (excl. Physical Combinatorics)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, the eigenvalues and the eigenfunctions of the homogeneous fuzzy Sturm-Liouville problem are examined under the three different situations according to the boundary conditions. This examination is studied under the approach of Hukuhara differentiability. The examples are given for this situations.
Exciton transport in organic nanostructures
Creators: name: Abdelmoula, Tarik
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: Excitons are quasi-particles, which are responsible for energy transport in organic semiconductors. Excitons are therefore instrumental in understanding the photophysics of organic opto-electronic devices. The present work focused on describing the dynamics of spin-forbidden, long-lived triplet excitons in archetypal organic materials such as CBP. Triplet excitons lifetime and diffusion length are here estimated from modelling the results of triplet-triplet photoinduced absorption spectroscopy, steady-state photoluminescence spectroscopy and time-resolved photoluminescence measurements. The last two measurements are performed using a modified time-of-flight method, whereby the investigated material is adjacent to a phosphorescent sensing layer and optically excited from the opposite side. As the thickness of the material is increased, the variations of phosphorescence intensity coming from the sensing layer is correlated to the exciton diffusion parameters. We show that for fluorescent materials such as CBP, the near-field component of this emission couples to guided modes supported by the structure and directly excites the sensitizer – here Ir(ppy)3 doped into CBP – which lead to an overestimation of the diffusion length. In addition, we investigate a strategy to mitigate the effect of guided modes by using an optical quenching layer of C6. This results in an estimated triplet exciton lifetime in the ms range and a diffusion length in excess of 30 nm, based on modelling the steady-state and time-resolved emission of the sensing layer when varying CBP thickness.
Additional file 2 of Preparing for a community-based agriculture-to-nutrition trial in rural Malawi: formative research to assess feasibility and inform design and implementation decisions
Creators: name: Chiutsi-Phiri, Gabriella
name: Kalimbira, Alexander A.
name: Banda, Leonard
name: Nalivata, Patson C.
name: Sanuka, Marion
name: Kalumikiza, Zione
name: Matandika, Limbanazo
name: Mfutso-Bengo, Joseph
name: Allen, Elizabeth
name: Ferguson, Elaine
name: Sturgess, Joanna
name: Broadley, Martin R.
name: Langley-Evans, Simon
name: Millar, Kate
name: Gashu, Dawd
name: Joy, Edward J. M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Focus Group Discussions: Facilitator’s manual
Heavy physics contributions to neutrinoless double beta decay from QCD
Creators: name: Nicholson, A.
name: Berkowitz, E.
name: Monge-Camacho, H.
name: Brantley, D.
name: Garron, N.
name: Chang, C. C.
name: Rinaldi, E.
name: Clark, M. A.
name: Joo, B.
name: Kurth, T.
name: Tiburzi, B.
name: Vranas, P.
name: Walker-Loud, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observation of neutrinoless double beta decay, a lepton number violating process that has been proposed to clarify the nature of neutrino masses, has spawned an enormous world-wide experimental effort. Relating nuclear decay rates to high-energy, beyond the Standard Model (BSM) physics requires detailed knowledge of non-perturbative QCD effects. Using lattice QCD, we compute the necessary matrix elements of short-range operators, which arise due to heavy BSM mediators, that contribute to this decay via the leading order $π^- \to π^+$ exchange diagrams. Utilizing our result and taking advantage of effective field theory methods will allow for model-independent calculations of the relevant two-nucleon decay, which may then be used as input for nuclear many-body calculations of the relevant experimental decays. Contributions from short-range operators may prove to be equally important to, or even more important than, those from long-range Majorana neutrino exchange.
description: Published version. Corrected missing term in chiral expansion, added supplemental material, updated references. The Jupyter notebook (DOI:10.5281/zenodo.1243313) accompanying this work can be found on github https://github.com/callat-qcd/project_0vbb
title: ADCO, Neuvième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661 - 1684), Cart. 32 (G 136), 745 folios, f. 0526
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2012
name: Petot, Frédéric
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: cartulaire
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: Neuvième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661 - 1684), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 32 (G 136), 745 folios, f. 0526, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Neuvième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661 - 1684), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 32 (G 136), 745 folios, f. 0526, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye Saint-Étienne de Dijon
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q15945019
Mononchus longus Thorne 1929, n. sp.
Creators: name: Thorne, Gerald
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1929
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Nematoda
Chromadorea
Rhabditida
Criconematidae
Mononchus
Mononchus longus

description: Mononchus longus n. sp.
Diagnosis;
 Characters of Mononchus muscorum Dujardin. Pharynx one-fourth deeper with corresponding increase in number of elements in saw-tooth rasp opposite the dorsal tooth. Amphids much larger and more conspicuous. Males numerous while M. muscorum is syngonic. Male tail bears 18 to 20 preanal supplements, three pair of caudal and three pair of preanal submedian papillae. Spicula one and one fourth-times as long as the anal body diameter, thick and strong with bifurcate lateral guiding pieces and long slender accessory pieces.
Excessively ﬁne striae are visible on the extremities. The distinctly expanded lip region bears the usual two circlets of very prominent papillae. The amphids are a conspicuous feature owing to the inner extensions which are very distinct on some specimens. The capacious pharynx bears the dorsal tooth near its entrance and this is opposed by a row of denticles on the opposite side, usually about 18 in number. The esophagus is at ﬁrst one-half the neck width but after passing through the nerve ring is about three-ﬁfths as wide as the neck. The disc shaped cardia is half as wide as the body. An indistinct pore is opposite the nerve ring, probably the renette pore. The somewhat tesselated intestine is six to eight cells in circumference. All the females were too young to show any details of the ovaries. The rectum is about as long as the anal bodv-diameter.
The thick, blunt spicula rest on slender accessory pieces that are connected by muscular bands to the furcate guiding pieces. Pores lie about one-third the tail length from the terminus. Fig. 11 a—c.
Remains of devoured nemas were found in the intestines of several specimens. The spear and spicula of a small Dorylaimus are shown in Fig. 11 c.
Two males and ﬁve immature females in the collection.
description: Published as part of Thorne, Gerald, 1929, Nematodes from the Summit of Long's Peak, Colorado, pp. 181 in Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 48 (2) on pages 191-192, DOI: 10.2307/3222211, http://zenodo.org/record/10797374
Fossil Imprints of the First Generation Supernova Ejecta in Extremely Metal-Deficient Stars
Creators: name: Shigeyama, Toshikazu
name: Tsujimoto, Takuji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using results of nucleosynthesis calculations for theoretical core-collapse supernova models with various progenitor's masses, it is shown that abundance patterns of C, Mg, Si, Ca, and H seen in extremely metal-deficient stars with [Fe/H] < -2.5 follow those seen in the individual first generation supernova remnants (SNRs). This suggests that most of the stars with [Fe/H] < -2.5 were made from individual supernova (SN) events. To obtain the ratio of heavy elements to hydrogen, a formula is derived to estimate the mass of hydrogen swept up by a SNR when it occurs in the interstellar matter with the primordial abundances. We use [Mg/H] to indicate the metallicities instead of [Fe/H]. The metallicities [Mg/H] predicted from these SNRs range from ~-4 to ~-1.5 and the mass of Mg in a SN is well correlated with its progenitor's mass. Thus the observed [Mg/H] in an extremely metal deficient star has a correspondence to the progenitor's mass. A larger [Mg/H] corresponds to a larger progenitor's mass. Therefore, so called `age-metallicity relation' does not hold for stars with [Fe/H] < -2.5. In contrast, the [Mg/Fe] ratios in the theoretical SNRs have a different trend from those in extremely metal-deficient stars. It is also shown that the observed trend of [Mg/Fe] can predict the Fe yield of each SN given the correspondence of [Mg/H] to the progenitor's mass. The Fe yields thus obtained are consistent with those derived from SN light curve analyses. This indicates that there is still a problem in modelling a core-collapse supernova at its beginning of explosion or mass cut.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, 1 table; Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letters
Strong Domination Number of Some Cycle Related Graphs
Creators: name: Vaidya, Samir K.
name: Raksha N. Mehta
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 10104 Combinatorics and Discrete Mathematics (excl. Physical Combinatorics)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we explore the concept of strong domination number and investigate strong domination number of some cycle related graphs.
Additional file 3 of Preparing for a community-based agriculture-to-nutrition trial in rural Malawi: formative research to assess feasibility and inform design and implementation decisions
Creators: name: Chiutsi-Phiri, Gabriella
name: Kalimbira, Alexander A.
name: Banda, Leonard
name: Nalivata, Patson C.
name: Sanuka, Marion
name: Kalumikiza, Zione
name: Matandika, Limbanazo
name: Mfutso-Bengo, Joseph
name: Allen, Elizabeth
name: Ferguson, Elaine
name: Sturgess, Joanna
name: Broadley, Martin R.
name: Langley-Evans, Simon
name: Millar, Kate
name: Gashu, Dawd
name: Joy, Edward J. M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3. Structured Interview for Key Informants
Interfacing Geant4, Garfield++ and Degrad for the Simulation of Gaseous Detectors
Creators: name: Pfeiffer, Dorothea
name: De Keukeleere, Lennert
name: Azevedo, Carlos
name: Belloni, Francesca
name: Biagi, Stephen
name: Grichine, Vladimir
name: Hayen, Leendert
name: Hanu, Andrei R.
name: Hřivnáčová, Ivana
name: Ivanchenko, Vladimir
name: Krylov, Vladyslav
name: Schindler, Heinrich
name: Veenhof, Rob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For several years, attempts have been made to interface Geant4 and other software packages with the aim of simulating the complete response of a gaseous particle detector. In such a simulation, Geant4 is always responsible for the primary particle generation and the interactions that occur in the non-gaseous detector material. Garfield++ on the other hand always deals with the drift of ions and electrons, amplification via electron avalanches and finally signal generation. For the ionizing interaction of particles with the gas, different options and physics models exist. The present paper focuses on how to use Geant4, Garfield++ (including its Heed and SRIM interfaces) and Degrad to create the ionization electron-ion pairs in the gas. Software-wise, the proposed idea is to use the Geant4 physics parameterization feature, and to implement a Garfield++ or Degrad based detector simulation as an external model. With a Degrad model, detailed simulations of the X-ray interaction in gaseous detectors, including shell absorption by photoelectric effect, subsequent Auger cascade, shake-off and fluorescence emission, become possible. A simple Garfield++ model can be used for photons (Heed), heavy ions (SRIM) and relativistic charged particles or MIPs (Heed). For non-relativistic charged particles, more effort is required, and a combined Geant4/Garfield++ model must be used. This model, the Geant4/Heed PAI model interface, uses the Geant4 PAI model in conjunction with the Heed PAI model. Parameters, such as the lower production cut of the Geant4 PAI model and the lowest electron energy limit have to be set correctly. The paper demonstrates how to determine these parameters for certain values of the W parameter and Fano factor of the gas mixture. The simulation results of this Geant4/Heed PAI model interface are then verified against the results obtained with the stand-alone software packages.
Processing and modelling of non-stoichiometric zirconium carbide for advanced nuclear fuel applications
Creators: name: Giorgi, Edoardo
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: The properties of zirconium carbide are of interest for nuclear reactor core material applications, notably as the fission product barrier layer in TRi-structural ISOtropic (TRISO) coated fuel particles. It has been found to be mechanically superior to its more studied competing candidate SiC, capable of resisting higher temperature operational regimes for extended periods of time and having a higher neutron transparency. The situation regarding ZrC fission product retention capabilities has yet to be fully understood. Diffusion properties of fission products over the wide range of possible compositions (ZrC0.5-1.0) have not been comprehensively investigated and many gaps remain. Processing techniques for producing ZrC are generally time consuming and/or prone to O contamination. The reactive spark plasma sintering (RSPS) technique was applied to attempt rapid production of ZrC pellets with varied stoichiometric composition and low O contamination. It combines a reaction via the carbothermic reduction of ZrO2 by C and immediately followed by a high temperature and pressure sintering phase. The reaction phase was observed to be time and temperature-dependent and indifferent to applied pressure. With a reaction temperature of 2100 C it was possible to synthesise pellets within a 30 min treatment, a vast improvement over the typical carbothermic reduction time frames of typically more than 6 h. Oxygen contamination proved hard to completely eliminate in a single step process. Using density functional theory (DFT) both intrinsic and extrinsic defect structure formation energies and migration barriers were calculated. Vacancy-vacancy interactions were studied by modelling C vacancy pairs VC, it was confirmed VC will avoid coordinating on either side of a Zr atom. Carbon interstitial migration was shown to have a relatively low migration barrier provided the C was located as a <110> trimer. Study of fission product atoms in ZrC revealed a preference for incorporating onto a vacant Zr lattice site and a strong affinity for clustering with VC. The high binding energies between Ag, Ba and Cs on a Zr lattice site with a neighbouring VC may in part explain why these are the fission products that are best retained by ZrC. The hop barrier for RuC to a neighbouring VC was found to be almost negligible suggesting a potentially fast VC mediated rapid diffusion path.
Creating a shallow-water experimental wave environment
Creators: name: Aknin, David
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: This PhD concerns laboratory wavemaking in shallow and intermediate water conditions. Theoretical solutions and experimental evidence are presented to advance both our understanding of the wave generation process as well as its practical success. A comparison is made between two wave generation techniques, a first based on controlling the wavemaker displacement, and a second based on controlling the wavemaker force. In deep water, a force-based approach, which includes active wave absorption, was recently shown to offer benefits in terms of wave quality. To investigate the influence of the water depth on this type of control, a range of generation scenarios is considered, including regular, bi-chromatic, focused and random waves. The work demonstrates that force-based wave generation in shallow water suffers from similar limitations as position control. This principally concerns the contamination of the testing area due to unwanted free waves, where the present focus is placed on the superharmonic range. The main advance of the work lies in the solutions it offers to overcome this free wave contamination. The nature of the nonlinear wave solution upon which force-based generation should be based depends on the type of wave case (regular, bi-chromatic, focused or random). For each of these cases, a suitable methodology is proposed and validated. The developed methodology allows for high quality wave generation, whilst maintaining the benefit of active wave absorption. The work is timely in the sense that is responds to two recent developments. First, the majority of wavemaking facilities are now computer controlled, and active absorption has become commonplace. The work presented offers solutions highly relevant to such installations. Second, developments particularly in offshore wind, have seen many new structures placed in relatively shallow-water depth. It is essential that the model testing of such structures adequately accounts for the issues and solutions presented herein.
Precision spectra of $A\, ^2Σ^+,v'=0 \leftarrow X\, ^2Π_{3/2},v''=0,J''=3/2$ transitions in $^{16}$OH and $^{16}$OD
Creators: name: Fast, Arthur
name: Furneaux, John E.
name: Meek, Samuel A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report absolute optical frequencies of electronic transitions from the $X\, ^2Π_{3/2},v''=0,J''=3/2$ rovibronic ground state to the 12 lowest levels of the $A\, ^2Σ^+,v'=0$ vibronic state in $^{16}$OH, as well as to the 16 lowest levels of the same vibronic state in $^{16}$OD. The absolute frequencies of these transitions have been determined with a relative uncertainty of a few parts in $10^{11}$, representing a $\sim$1000-fold improvement over previous measurements. To reach this level of precision, an optical frequency comb has been used to transfer the stability of a narrow-linewidth I$_2$-stabilized reference laser onto the 308-nm spectroscopy laser. The comb is also used to compare the optical frequency of the spectroscopy laser to an atomic clock reference, providing absolute accuracy. Measurements have been carried out on OH/OD molecules in a highly-collimated molecular beam, reducing possible pressure shifts and minimizing Doppler broadening. Systematic shifts due to retroreflection quality, the Zeeman effect, and the ac Stark effect have been considered during the analysis of the measured spectra; particularly in the case of the OD isotopologue, these effects can result in shifts of the fitted line positions of as much as 300 kHz. The transition frequencies extracted in the analysis were also used to determine spectroscopic constants for the $A\, ^2Σ^+,v'=0$ vibronic state. The constants fitted in this work differ significantly from those reported in previous works that measured the $A - X$ transitions, resulting in typical deviations of the predicted optical transition frequencies of $\sim$150 MHz, but they generally agree quite well with the constants determined using hyperfine-resolved measurements of splittings within the $A$ state.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
The Baryon Catastrophe and the multiphase intracluster medium
Creators: name: Gunn, K. F.
name: Thomas, P. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the theories and observations which together have led to the concept of the Baryon Catastrophe: observations of the baryon fraction on the scale of clusters of galaxies appear to be at least three times as high as the universal baryon fraction predicted by the theory of primordial nucleosynthesis in a flat, $Ω_0 = 1$, universe. We investigate whether this discrepancy could be eliminated by treating the intracluster gas as a multiphase medium, and find that this treatment both lowers the calculated mass of gas in a cluster and increases the inferred gravitational potential. These combined effects can reduce the calculated baryon fraction by between a quarter and a half: the precise amount depends upon the volume fraction distribution of density phases in the gas but is independent of the temperature profile across the cluster. Thus moving to a multiphase intracluster medium cannot resolve the Baryon Catastrophe by itself; other possible causes and explanations are discussed.
description: uuencoded postscript file, 2 figures included
The k-Distance Degree Index of Corona, Neighborhood Corona Products and Join of Graphs
Creators: name: Naji, Ahmed M.
name: Nandappa, Soner
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 10104 Combinatorics and Discrete Mathematics (excl. Physical Combinatorics)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we extend the study of Nk-index of a graph for other graph operations.
Additional file 4 of Preparing for a community-based agriculture-to-nutrition trial in rural Malawi: formative research to assess feasibility and inform design and implementation decisions
Creators: name: Chiutsi-Phiri, Gabriella
name: Kalimbira, Alexander A.
name: Banda, Leonard
name: Nalivata, Patson C.
name: Sanuka, Marion
name: Kalumikiza, Zione
name: Matandika, Limbanazo
name: Mfutso-Bengo, Joseph
name: Allen, Elizabeth
name: Ferguson, Elaine
name: Sturgess, Joanna
name: Broadley, Martin R.
name: Langley-Evans, Simon
name: Millar, Kate
name: Gashu, Dawd
name: Joy, Edward J. M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 4. The TIDieR (Template for Intervention Description and Replication) Checklist*
Stochastic Biasing and Galaxy-Mass Density Relation in the Weakly Non-linear Regime
Creators: name: Taruya, A.
name: Soda, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is believed that the biasing of the galaxies plays an important role for understanding the large-scale structure of the universe. In general, the biasing of galaxy formation could be stochastic. Furthermore, the future galaxy survey might allow us to explore the time evolution of the galaxy distribution. In this paper, the analytic study of the galaxy-mass density relation and its time evolution is presented within the framework of the stochastic biasing. In the weakly non-linear regime, we derive a general formula for the galaxy-mass density relation as a conditional mean using the Edgeworth expansion. The resulting expression contains the joint moments of the total mass and galaxy distributions. Using the perturbation theory, we investigate the time evolution of the joint moments and examine the influence of the initial stochasticity on the galaxy-mass density relation. The analysis shows that the galaxy-mass density relation could be well-approximated by the linear relation. Compared with the skewness of the galaxy distribution, we find that the estimation of the higher order moments using the conditional mean could be affected by the stochasticity. Therefore, the galaxy-mass density relation as a conditional mean should be used with a caution as a tool for estimating the skewness and the kurtosis.
description: 22 pages, 7 Encapusulated Postscript Figures, aastex, The title and the structure of the paper has been changed, Results and conclusions unchanged, Accepted for publication in ApJ
Monhystra villosa Biitschlii 1873
Creators: name: Thorne, Gerald
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1929
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Nematoda
Chromadorea
Rhabditida
Criconematidae
Monhystra
Monhystra villosa

description: Monhystra villosa Bütschlii, 1873   The formulas and ﬁgures give all the description necessary for this characteristic species which often is found in soil, along streams and in lakes of western mountains. Males and females about equal in numbers in the collection of forty specimens. Fig. 12 a—b.
description: Published as part of Thorne, Gerald, 1929, Nematodes from the Summit of Long's Peak, Colorado, pp. 181 in Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 48 (2) on page 192, DOI: 10.2307/3222211, http://zenodo.org/record/10797374
Octonions and supergravity
Creators: name: Hughes, Mia
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: This thesis makes manifest the roles of the normed division algebras R,C,H and O in various supergravity theories. Of particular importance are the octonions O, which frequently occur in connection with maximal supersymmetry, and hence also in the context of string and M-theory. Studying the symmetries of M-theory is perhaps the most straightforward route towards understanding its nature, and the division algebras provide useful tools for such study via their deep relationship with Lie groups. After reviews of supergravity and the definitions and properties of R,C,H and O, a division-algebraic formulation of pure super Yang-Mills theories is developed. In any spacetime dimension a Yang-Mills theory with Q real supercharge components is written over the division algebra with dimension Q/2. In particular then, maximal Q = 16 super Yang-Mills theories are written over the octonions, since O is eight-dimensional. In such maximally supersymmetric theories, the failure of the supersymmetry algebra to close off-shell (using the conventional auxiliary field formalism) is shown to correspond to the non-associativity of the octonions. Making contact with the idea of ‘gravity as the square of gauge theory’, these division-algebraic Yang-Mills multiplets are then tensored together in each spacetime dimension to produce a pyramid of supergravity theories, with the Type II theories at the apex in ten dimensions. The supergravities at the base of the pyramid have global symmetry groups that fill out the famous Freudenthal-Rosenfeld-Tits magic square. This magic square algebra is generalised to a ‘magic pyramid algebra’, which describes the global symmetries of each Yang-Mills-squared theory in the pyramid. Finally, a formulation of eleven-dimensional supergravity over the octonions is presented. Toroidally compactifying this version of the theory to four or three spacetime dimensions leads to an interpretation of the dilaton vectors (which organise the coupling of the seven or eight dilatons to the other bosonic fields) as the octavian integers – the octonionic analogue of the integers.
Coracias garrulus Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Coraciiformes
Coraciidae
Coracias
Coracias garrulus

description: Coracias garrulus [spec. nov.]
C. caerulea, dorso rubro, remigibus nigris.
Corvus dorso sanguineo, remigibus nigris, rectricibus viridibus. Fn. svec. 73.
Cornix caerulea. Gesn. av. 335. Aldr. ornith. l. 12. c. 18. & 5. Will. orn. 85. t. 20.
Garrulus argentoratensis. Raj. av. 41. Edw. av. 109. t. 109.
Habitat in Europa, victitans Scarabaeis, Ranis.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 107, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Characterisation of human pulmonary macrophage populations
Creators: name: Chana, Kirandeep Kaur
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2012

description: In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), alveolar macrophages increase in number, release more inflammatory mediators and respond poorly to glucocorticosteroids. Whether this is due to a change in macrophage phenotype or localised activation is unknown. It was hypothesised that different pulmonary macrophage phenotypes co-exist, maintaining lung homeostasis; however, in COPD these populations become skewed, driving pathophysiology. Macrophage populations were isolated from human lung tissue from non-smokers, smokers, and COPD patients using Percoll density gradients. Five populations were isolated at interfaces of each gradient (1.011-1.023; 1.023-1.036; 1.036-1.048; 1.048-1.061. 1.061-1.073 g/ml). The two least dense fractions were >90% apoptotic/necrotic, with remaining fractions >70% viable. COPD macrophages (1.036-1.048g/ml) were significantly less responsive to the glucocorticosteroid, budesonide, compared to those from non-smokers and smokers when stimulated with lipopolysacharride (LPS). Glucocorticosteroid insensitivity was selective for pro-inflammatory cytokines as budesonide inhibition of LPS-stimulated IL-10 release was similar from all macrophages. Macrophages of density 1.036-1.048g/ml from COPD subjects released higher levels of active MMP-9 compared with cells from non-smokers, with no difference between remaining fractions, suggesting this may be an alveolar macrophage population. Macrophages from non-smokers and smokers displayed receptor profiles akin to ‘alternative’ activation (CD163+, CD206+, CD14+, CD40-), whereas COPD macrophages were less defined showing significantly lower expression of all receptors investigated, with no differences associated with density. M-CSF cultured monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) expressed higher levels of CD163 compared to cells differentiated in GM-CSF. COPD MDM showed lower expression of CD163 and CD206 compared to cells from non-smokers as observed with tissue macrophages. A population of HLA-DR+CD14-CD16- cells specific to COPD lung tissue were observed, and were also present in COPD MDM. Phenotyping macrophages via receptor profiling may not be sufficient when elucidating macrophage phenotypes based on cell maturation. However, identifying markers for the glucocorticosteroid-insensitive macrophage population from COPD subjects (1.036-1.048g/ml) may allow development of pharmacotherapies.
Is the Accretion Flow in NGC 4258 Advection-dominated?
Creators: name: Lasota, J. -P.
name: Abramowicz, M. A.
name: Chen, X.
name: Krolik, J.
name: Narayan, R.
name: Yi, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mass of the central black hole in the active galaxy NGC 4258 (M106) has been measured to be $M=3.6\times10^7\Msun$ (Miyoshi et al. 1995). The Eddington luminosity corresponding to this mass is $L_E=4.5\times10^{45}$ erg s$^{-1}$. By contrast the X-ray luminosity of the nucleus of NGC 4258 between $2-10$ keV is $(4\pm 1)\times10^{40}~{\rm erg\,s^{-1}}$ while the optical/UV luminosity is less than $1.5\times10^{42} ~{\rm erg\,s^{-1}}$. The luminosity of NGC 4258 is therefore extremely sub-Eddington, $L\sim10^{-5}L_E$ in X-rays and $L\sim3\times10^{-4} L_E$ even if we take the maximum optical/UV luminosity. Assuming the usual accretion efficiency of 0.1 would imply accretion rates orders of magnitude lower than in Seyfert galaxies and quasars. We show that the properties of the AGN in NGC 4258 can be explained by an accretion flow in the form of a very hot, optically-thin plasma which advects most of the viscously generated thermal energy into the central black hole and radiates only a small fraction of the energy. In this case the accretion rate in Eddington units could be as high as $\sim 0.16α$, where $α$ is the standard viscosity parameter; and the size of the hot disk should be larger than $\sim 10$ times the Schwarzschild radius. We compare the predictions of this model with observations and discuss its application to other low luminosity AGN.
description: ApJ, in press 1996; uuencoded, compressed, PS file; also available on WWW at http://fy.chalmers.se/~chen/
Fundamentals of organic friction modifier behaviour
Creators: name: Campen, Sophie Margaret
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2012

description: Organic friction modifiers have long been added to oil formulations to help improve lubricity, particularly in the boundary lubrication regime. Many aspects of organic friction modifier behaviour remain unknown. In this thesis these aspects are isolated and probed using numerous different techniques. Organic friction modifiers are amphiphilic molecules comprising a head group and a hydrocarbon chain. The chemistry of the organic friction modifier employed affects the observed film forming properties and frictional behaviour. Factors of interest include the effects of the head group type and of alkyl chain unsaturation. Commercially employed organic friction modifiers tend to comprise a mono-unsaturated oleyl group. This project deals with the impact this has on organic friction modifier performance. Another area of interest is the behaviour of glycerol monooleate. Glycerol monooleate is one of the most commercially employed organic friction modifiers and is atypical to model organic friction modifiers in that it has a rather bulky polar moiety. Model organic friction modifiers usually have only one functional group; however, glycerol monooleate has two alcohol groups and an ester group. Although glycerol monooleate is widely employed in oil formulations, many aspects of its behaviour remain uncertain. In this thesis several techniques are used including upscale friction experiments such as High Frequency Reciprocating Rig tests, Ball on Disc pure sliding friction tests and Mini-Traction Machine mixed sliding-rolling tests. Organic friction modifier film formation on ferrous and non-ferrous surfaces is investigated in situ from solution in hydrocarbon solvent using the Atomic Force Microscope. Organic friction modifier films formed on surfaces during friction tests are investigated ex situ by Atomic Force Microscopy and Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy.