cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Fully Fiber-Integrated Ion Trap for Portable Optical Atomic Clocks
Creators: name: Fernandez-Gonzalvo, Xavier
name: Keller, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a novel, single-ion trap with integrated optical fibers directly embedded within the trap structure to deliver laser light as well as collect the ion's fluorescence. This eliminates the need for optical windows. We characterise the system's performance and measure signal-to-background ratios in the ion's fluorescence on the order of 50, which allows us to perform state readout with a fidelity over 99% in 600 $μ$s. We test the system's resilience to thermal variations in the range between 22°C and 53°C, and the system's vibration resilience at 34 Hz and 300 Hz and find no effect on its performance. The combination of compactness and robustness of our fiber-coupled trap makes it well suited for applications in, as well as outside, research laboratory environments and in particular for highly compact portable optical atomic clocks. While our system is designed for trapping $^{40}$Ca$^{+}$ ions the fundamental design principles can be applied to other ion species.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
Impact-induced melting during accretion of the Earth
Creators: name: de Vries, Jellie
name: Nimmo, Francis
name: Melosh, H. Jay
name: Jacobson, Seth A.
name: Morbidelli, Alessandro
name: Rubie, David C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Because of the high energies involved, giant impacts that occur during planetary accretion cause large degrees of melting. The depth of melting in the target body after each collision determines the pressure and temperature conditions of metal-silicate equilibration and thus geochemical fractionation that results from core-mantle differentiation. The accretional collisions involved in forming the terrestrial planets of the inner Solar System have been calculated by previous studies using N-body accretion simulations. Here we use the output from such simulations to determine the volumes of melt produced and thus the pressure and temperature conditions of metal-silicate equilibration, after each impact, as Earth-like planets accrete. For these calculations a parametrised melting model is used that takes impact velocity, impact angle and the respective masses of the impacting bodies into account. The evolution of metal-silicate equilibration pressures (as defined by evolving magma ocean depths) during Earth's accretion depends strongly on the lifetime of impact-generated magma oceans compared to the time interval between large impacts. In addition, such results depend on starting parameters in the N-body simulations, such as the number and initial mass of embryos. Thus, there is the potential for combining the results, such as those presented here, with multistage core formation models to better constrain the accretional history of the Earth.
Multimodal Personality Recognition using Cross-Attention Transformer and Behaviour Encoding
Creators: name: Agrawal, Tanay
name: Agarwal, Dhruv
name: Balazia, Michal
name: Sinha, Neelabh
name: Bremond, Francois
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.5
subject: 68T05, 68T10

description: Personality computing and affective computing have gained recent interest in many research areas. The datasets for the task generally have multiple modalities like video, audio, language and bio-signals. In this paper, we propose a flexible model for the task which exploits all available data. The task involves complex relations and to avoid using a large model for video processing specifically, we propose the use of behaviour encoding which boosts performance with minimal change to the model. Cross-attention using transformers has become popular in recent times and is utilised for fusion of different modalities. Since long term relations may exist, breaking the input into chunks is not desirable, thus the proposed model processes the entire input together. Our experiments show the importance of each of the above contributions
description: Preprint. Final paper accepted at the 17th International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications (VISAPP), virtual, February, 2022. 8 pages
Curvature-dependence of the liquid-vapor surface tension beyond the Tolman approximation
Creators: name: Bruot, Nicolas
name: Caupin, Frédéric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Surface tension is a macroscopic manifestation of the cohesion of matter, and its value $σ_\infty$ is readily measured for a flat liquid-vapor interface. For interfaces with a small radius of curvature $R$, the surface tension might differ from $σ_\infty$. The Tolman equation, $σ(R) = σ_\infty / (1 + 2 δ/R)$, with $δ$ a constant length, is commonly used to describe nanoscale phenomena such as nucleation. Here we report experiments on nucleation of bubbles in ethanol and n-heptane, and their analysis in combination with their counterparts for the nucleation of droplets in supersaturated vapors, and with water data. We show that neither a constant surface tension nor the Tolman equation can consistently describe the data. We also investigate a model including $1/R$ and $1/R^2$ terms in $σ(R)$. We describe a general procedure to obtain the coefficients of these terms from detailed nucleation experiments. This work explains the conflicting values obtained for the Tolman length in previous analyses, and suggests directions for future work.
A mean field equation involving positively supported probability measures: blow-up phenomena and variational aspects
Creators: name: Jevnikar, Aleks
name: Yang, Wen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35J61, 35J20, 35R01, 35B44

description: We are concerned with an elliptic problem which describes a mean field equation of the equilibrium turbulence of vortices with variable intensities. In the first part of the paper we describe the blow-up phenomenon and highlight the differences from the standard mean field equation. In the second part we discuss the Moser-Trudinger inequality in terms of the blow-up masses and get the existence of solutions in a non-coercive regime by means of a variational argument, which is based on some improved Moser-Trudinger inequalities.
Additional file 3 of Thalassemia and hemoglobinopathy prevalence in a community-based sample in Sylhet, Bangladesh
Creators: name: Wendt, Amanda S.
name: Brintrup, Joaquin
name: Waid, Jillian L.
name: Kader, Abdul
name: Lambrecht, Nathalie J.
name: Gabrysch, Sabine
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
classificationCode: 39999
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 69999
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology
subject: Cardiology

description: Additional file 3. Population attributable fractions for anemia by inherited blood disorders among women and children in Sylhet, Bangladesh.
An Importance Sampling Scheme for Models in a Strong External Field
Creators: name: Molkaraie, Mehdi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose Monte Carlo methods to estimate the partition function of the two-dimensional Ising model in the presence of an external magnetic field. The estimation is done in the dual of the Forney factor graph representing the model. The proposed methods can efficiently compute an estimate of the partition function in a wide range of model parameters. As an example, we consider models that are in a strong external field.
description: Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. on Information Theory (ISIT), Hong Kong, June 14-19, 2015. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1401.4912
Quantum Fisher Information of an Open and Noisy System in the Steady State
Creators: name: Altintas, Azmi Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the quantum Fisher information (QFI) per particle of an open (parti- cles can enter and leave the system) and dissipative (far from thermodynamical equilibrium) steady state system of two qubits in a noise which is decoherence. We show the behavior of QFI per particle of the system due to changes of re- set and decoherence parameters r and γ respectively. The parameter r is the strength of the reset mechanism, γ is the strength of decoherence and in our case it is dephasing channel. The parameters γ and r are real numbers. We observe that the reset parameter must be bigger than decoherence parameter. We have found that by choosing coupling parameter g as 5γ the QFI per particle is 1.00226 which is greater than shot noise limit at γ = 0.5 and r = 14 . Also the concurrence and negativity of the such state have been calculated and they are found as 0.0992486 and 0.0496243 respectively. We have shown that when the concurrence and negativity of some specific states different than zero, which means the state is entangled, the QFI of the system is greater than 1. The QFI per particle, concurrence and negativity shows that the chosen case is weakly entangled. We discovered that the optimal direction depends on the parameters r and γ and a change in the direction effects the behavior of the QFI of the system.
description: 14 pages, 2 figures
Probabilistic design of optimal sequential decision-making algorithms in learning and control
Creators: name: Garrabe, Emiland
name: Russo, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This survey is focused on certain sequential decision-making problems that involve optimizing over probability functions. We discuss the relevance of these problems for learning and control. The survey is organized around a framework that combines a problem formulation and a set of resolution methods. The formulation consists of an infinite-dimensional optimization problem. The methods come from approaches to search optimal solutions in the space of probability functions. Through the lenses of this overarching framework we revisit popular learning and control algorithms, showing that these naturally arise from suitable variations on the formulation mixed with different resolution methods. A running example, for which we make the code available, complements the survey. Finally, a number of challenges arising from the survey are also outlined.
description: This is an authors' version of the work that is published in Annual Reviews in Control, Vol. 54, 2022, Pages 81-102. Changes were made to this version by the publisher prior to publication. The final version of record is available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcontrol.2022.09.003
Effect of Halide Composition on the Photochemical Stability of Perovskite Photovoltaic Materials
Creators: name: Misra, Ravi K.
name: Ciammaruchi, Laura
name: Aharon, Sigalit
name: Mogilyansky, Dmitry
name: Etgar, Lioz
name: Visoly-Fisher, Iris
name: Katz, Eugene A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photochemical stability of encapsulated films of mixed halide perovskites with a range of MAPb(I1-xBrx)3 compositions (solid solutions) was investigated under accelerated stressing using concentrated sunlight. Evolution of light absorption and the corresponding structural modifications in the films were recorded by UV-vis spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. MAPbBr3 film exhibited no degradation. In MAPbI3 and mixed halide MAPb(I1-xBrx)3 films, decomposition of the perovskite material with crystallization of inorganic PbI2, and the corresponding degradation of light absorption, were recorded. Introduction of bromine into the solid solution was found to stress its structure and accelerate the degradation. The relevance of accelerated testing to standard operational conditions of solar cells was confirmed by comparison to degradation experiments under outdoor sunlight exposure. Reasons for the reduced stability of the mixed halide compositions are discussed.
Stochastic dynamics of N correlated binary variables and non-extensive statistical mechanics
Creators: name: Kononovicius, A.
name: Ruseckas, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The non-extensive statistical mechanics has been applied to describe a variety of complex systems with inherent correlations and feedback loops. Here we present a dynamical model based on previously proposed static model exhibiting in the thermodynamic limit the extensivity of the Tsallis entropy with q<1 as well as a q-Gaussian distribution. The dynamical model consists of a one-dimensional ring of particles characterized by correlated binary random variables, which are allowed to flip according to a simple random walk rule. The proposed dynamical model provides an insight how a mesoscopic dynamics characterized by the non-extensive statistical mechanics could emerge from a microscopic description of the system.
Quantized Fractional Thouless Pumping of Solitons
Creators: name: Jürgensen, Marius
name: Mukherjee, Sebabrata
name: Jörg, Christina
name: Rechtsman, Mikael C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In many contexts, the interaction between particles gives rise to emergent and perhaps unanticipated physical phenomena. An example is the fractional quantum Hall effect, where interaction between electrons gives rise to fractionally quantized Hall conductance. In photonic systems, the nonlinear response of an ambient medium acts to mediate interaction between photons; in the mean-field limit these dynamics are described by the nonlinear Schrödinger (also called Gross-Pitaevskii) equation. Recently, it was shown that at weak nonlinearity, soliton motion in nonlinear Thouless pumps (a dimensionally reduced implementation of a Chern insulator) could be quantized to the Chern number of the band from which the soliton bifurcates. Here, we show theoretically and experimentally using arrays of coupled optical waveguides that sufficiently strong nonlinearity acts to fractionally quantize the motion of solitons. Specifically, we find that the soliton returns to itself after multiple cycles of the Thouless pump - but displaced by an integer number of unit cells - leading to a rich fractional plateaux structure describing soliton motion. Our results demonstrate a perhaps surprising example of the behavior of non-trivial topological systems in the presence of interactions.
Generation of travelling sine-Gordon breathers in noisy long Josephson junctions
Creators: name: De Santis, Duilio
name: Guarcello, Claudio
name: Spagnolo, Bernardo
name: Carollo, Angelo
name: Valenti, Davide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The generation of travelling sine-Gordon breathers is achieved through the nonlinear supratransmission effect in a magnetically driven long Josephson junction, in the presence of losses, a current bias, and a thermal noise source. We demonstrate how to exclusively induce breather modes by means of controlled magnetic pulses. A nonmonotonic behavior of the breather-only generation probability is observed as a function of the noise intensity. An experimental protocol providing evidence of the Josephson breather's existence is proposed.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
First step towards a Devil's Staircase in Spin Crossover materials First step towards Devil's Staircase in Spin Crossover materials
Creators: name: Trzop, Elzbieta
name: Zhang, Daopeng
name: Piñeiro-Lopez, Lucia
name: Valverde-Muñoz, Francisco J.
name: Muñoz, M Carmen
name: Palatinus, Lukas
name: Guérin, Laurent
name: Cailleau, Hervé
name: Real, José Antonio
name: Collet, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The devil is in the detail: Periodic and aperiodic spin-state concentration waves form during "Devil's staircase"-type spincrossover in a new bimetallic 2D coordination polymer {Fe[(Hg(SCN)3)2](4,4'-bipy)2}n.The unprecedented bimetallic 2D coordination polymer {Fe[(Hg(SCN)3)2](4,4'-bipy)2}n exhibits a thermal high-spin (HS)$low-spin (LS) staircase-like conversion characterized by a multi-step dependence of the HS molar fraction gHS. Between the fully HS (gHS=1) and LS (gHS=0) phases, two steps associated with different ordering appear in terms of spin-state concentration waves (SSCW). On the gHS=0.5 step, a periodic SSCW forms with a HS-LS-HS-LS sequence. On the gHS=0.34 step, the 4D superspace crystallography structural refinement reveals an aperiodic SSCW, with a HS-LS sequence incommensurate with the molecular lattice. The formation of these different long-range spatially ordered structures of LS and HS states during the multi-step spin-crossover is discussed within the framework of "Devil's staircase"-type transitions. Spatially modulated phases are known in various types of materials but are uniquely related to molecular HS/LS bistability in this case.
description: in Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Wiley-VCH Verlag, 2016
On the irreducible representations of the Jordan triple system of $p \times q$ matrices
Creators: name: Elgendy, Hader A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $\mathcal{J}_{\field}$ be the Jordan triple system of all $p \times q$ ($p\neq q$; $p,q >1)$ rectangular matrices over a field $\field$ of characteristic 0 with the triple product $\{x,y,z\}= x y^t z+ z y^t x $, where $y^t$ is the transpose of $y$. We study the universal associative envelope $\mathcal{U}(\mathcal{J}_{\field})$ of $\mathcal{J}_{\field}$ and show that $\mathcal{U}(\mathcal{J}_{\field}) \cong M_{p+q \times p+q}(\field)$, where $M_{p+q\times p+q} (\field)$ is the ordinary associative algebra of all $(p+q) \times (p+q)$ matrices over $\field$. It follows that there exist only one nontrivial irreducible representation of $\mathcal{J}_{\field}$. The center of $\mathcal{U}(\mathcal{J}_{\field})$ is deduced.
description: This paper has been published in International Electronic Journal of Algebra
Renormalization group study of marginal ferromagnetism
Creators: name: Cavagna, Andrea
name: Culla, Antonio
name: Grigera, Tomás S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When studying the collective motion of biological groups a useful theoretical framework is that of ferromagnetic systems, in which the alignment interactions are a surrogate of the effective imitation among the individuals. In this context, the experimental discovery of scale-free correlations of speed fluctuations in starling flocks poses a challenge to the common statistical physics wisdom, as in the ordered phase of standard ferromagnetic models with $\mathrm{O}(n)$ symmetry, the modulus of the order parameter has finite correlation length. To make sense of this anomaly a novel ferromagnetic theory has been proposed, where the bare confining potential has zero second derivative (i.e.\ it is marginal) along the modulus of the order parameter. The marginal model exhibits a zero-temperature critical point, where the modulus correlation length diverges, hence allowing to boost both correlation and collective order by simply reducing the temperature. Here, we derive an effective field theory describing the marginal model close to the $T=0$ critical point and calculate the renormalization group equations at one loop within a momentum shell approach. We discover a non-trivial scenario, as the cubic and quartic vertices do not vanish in the infrared limit, while the coupling constants effectively regulating the exponents $ν$ and $η$ have upper critical dimension $d_c=2$, so that in three dimensions the critical exponents acquire their free values, $ν=1/2$ and $η=0$. This theoretical scenario is verified by a Monte Carlo study of the modulus susceptibility in three dimensions, where the standard finite-size scaling relations have to be adapted to the case of $d>d_c$. The numerical data fully confirm our theoretical results.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures. Updated to the published version
Discreteness of Space from GUP in a Weak Gravitational Field
Creators: name: Deb, Soumen
name: Das, Saurya
name: Vagenas, Elias C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum gravity effects modify the Heisenberg's uncertainty principle to a generalized uncertainty principle (GUP). Earlier work showed that the GUP-induced corrections to the Schrödinger equation, when applied to a non-relativistic particle in a one-dimensional box, led to the quantization of length. Similarly, corrections to the Klein-Gordon and the Dirac equations, gave rise to length, area and volume quantizations. These results suggest a fundamental granular structure of space. In this work, it is investigated how spacetime curvature and gravity might influence this discreteness of space. In particular, by adding a weak gravitational background field to the above three quantum equations, it is shown that quantization of lengths, areas and volumes continue to hold. However, it should be noted that the nature of this new quantization is quite complex and under proper limits, it reduces to cases without gravity. These results suggest that quantum gravity effects are universal.
description: v1: 8 pages, revtex4, 1 figure, to appear in Phys. Lett. B, v2: minor typos corrected to match published version
Label fusion and training methods for reliable representation of inter-rater uncertainty
Creators: name: Lemay, Andreanne
name: Gros, Charley
name: Karthik, Enamundram Naga
name: Cohen-Adad, Julien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Medical tasks are prone to inter-rater variability due to multiple factors such as image quality, professional experience and training, or guideline clarity. Training deep learning networks with annotations from multiple raters is a common practice that mitigates the model's bias towards a single expert. Reliable models generating calibrated outputs and reflecting the inter-rater disagreement are key to the integration of artificial intelligence in clinical practice. Various methods exist to take into account different expert labels. We focus on comparing three label fusion methods: STAPLE, average of the rater's segmentation, and random sampling of each rater's segmentation during training. Each label fusion method is studied using both the conventional training framework and the recently published SoftSeg framework that limits information loss by treating the segmentation task as a regression. Our results, across 10 data splittings on two public datasets, indicate that SoftSeg models, regardless of the ground truth fusion method, had better calibration and preservation of the inter-rater rater variability compared with their conventional counterparts without impacting the segmentation performance. Conventional models, i.e., trained with a Dice loss, with binary inputs, and sigmoid/softmax final activate, were overconfident and underestimated the uncertainty associated with inter-rater variability. Conversely, fusing labels by averaging with the SoftSeg framework led to underconfident outputs and overestimation of the rater disagreement. In terms of segmentation performance, the best label fusion method was different for the two datasets studied, indicating this parameter might be task-dependent. However, SoftSeg had segmentation performance systematically superior or equal to the conventionally trained models and had the best calibration and preservation of the inter-rater variability.
description: Accepted for publication at the Journal of Machine Learning for Biomedical Imaging (MELBA) https://www.melba-journal.org/papers/2022:031.html
Modified interactions in a Floquet topological system on a square lattice and their impact on a bosonic fractional Chern insulator state
Creators: name: Račiūnas, Mantas
name: Žlabys, Giedrius
name: Eckardt, André
name: Anisimovas, Egidijus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a simple scheme for the realization of a topological quasienergy band structure with ultracold atoms in a periodically driven optical square lattice. It is based on a circular lattice shaking in the presence of a superlattice that lowers the energy on every other site. The topological band gap, which separates the two bands with Chern numbers $\pm 1$, is opened in a way characteristic to Floquet topological insulators, namely, by terms of the effective Hamiltonian that appear in subleading order of a high-frequency expansion. These terms correspond to processes where a particle tunnels several times during one driving period. The interplay of such processes with particle interactions also gives rise to new interaction terms of several distinct types. For bosonic atoms with on-site interactions, they include nearest neighbor density-density interactions introduced at the cost of weakened on-site repulsion as well as density-assisted tunneling. Using exact diagonalization, we investigate the impact of the individual induced interaction terms on the stability of a bosonic fractional Chern insulator state at half filling of the lowest band.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Physical Review A
Spontaneous pulsing states in an active particle system
Creators: name: Klein, Sarah
name: Appert-Rolland, Cécile
name: Evans, Martin R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a two-lane two-species exclusion process inspired by Lin et al. (C. Lin et al. J. Stat. Mech., 2011), that exhibits a non-equilibrium pulsing phase. Particles move on two parallel one-dimensional tracks, with one open and one reflecting boundary. The particle type defines the hopping direction. When only particles hopping towards the open end are allowed to change lane, the system exhibits a phase transition from a low density phase to a pulsing phase depending on the ratio between particle injection and type-changing rate. This phase transition can be observed in the stochastic model as well as in a mean-field description. In the low density phase, the density profile can be predicted analytically. The pulsing phase is characterised by a fast filling of the system and - once filled - by a slowly backwards moving front separating a decreasing dense region and an expanding low density region. The hopping of the front on the discrete lattice is found to create density oscillations, both, in time and space. By means of a stability analysis we can predict the structure of the dense region during the emptying process, characterised by exponentially damped perturbations, both at the open end and near the moving front.
description: 28 pages, 15 figures
Additional file 1 of Autoantibody test for type 1 diabetes in children: are there reasons to implement a screening program in the general population? A statement endorsed by the Italian Society for Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (SIEDP-ISPED) and the Italian Society of Paediatrics (SIP)
Creators: name: Cherubini, Valentino
name: Chiarelli, Francesco
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
classificationCode: 69999
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Supplementary Material 1: Point-by-point response
Automated galaxy-galaxy strong lens modelling: no lens left behind
Creators: name: Etherington, Amy
name: Nightingale, James W.
name: Massey, Richard
name: Cao, XiaoYue
name: Robertson, Andrew
name: Amorisco, Nicola C.
name: Amvrosiadis, Aristeidis
name: Cole, Shaun
name: Frenk, Carlos S.
name: He, Qiuhan
name: Li, Ran
name: Tam, Sut-Ieng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The distribution of dark and luminous matter can be mapped around galaxies that gravitationally lens background objects into arcs or Einstein rings. New surveys will soon observe hundreds of thousands of galaxy lenses, and current, labour-intensive analysis methods will not scale up to this challenge. We instead develop a fully automatic, Bayesian method which we use to fit a sample of 59 lenses imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope in uniform conditions. We set out to \textit{leave no lens behind} and focus on ways in which automated fits fail in a small handful of lenses, describing adjustments to the pipeline that allows us to infer accurate lens models. Our pipeline ultimately fits {\em all} 59 lenses in our sample, with a high success rate key because catastrophic outliers would bias large samples with small statistical errors. Machine Learning techniques might further improve the two most difficult steps: subtracting foreground lens light and initialising a first, approximate lens model. After that, increasing model complexity is straightforward. We find a mean $\sim1\%$ measurement precision on the measurement of the Einstein radius across the lens sample which {\em does not degrade with redshift} up to at least $z=0.7$ -- in stark contrast to other techniques used to study galaxy evolution, like stellar dynamics. Our \texttt{PyAutoLens} software is open source, and is also installed in the Science Data Centres of the ESA Euclid mission.
description: 23 pages, 20 figures, 5 tables. Submitted to MNRAS
Formations and dynamics of two-dimensional spinning asymmetric quantum droplets controlled by a PT-symmetric potential
Creators: name: Song, Jin
name: Yan, Zhenya
name: Malomed, Boris A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, vortex solitons are produced for a variety of 2D spinning quantum droplets (QDs) in a PT-symmetric potential, modeled by the amended Gross-Pitaevskii equation with Lee-Huang-Yang corrections. In particular, exact QD states are obtained under certain parameter constraints, providing a guide to finding the respective generic family. In a parameter region of the unbroken PT symmetry, different families of QDs originating from the linear modes are obtained in the form of multipolar and vortex droplets at low and high values of the norm, respectively, and their stability is investigated. In the spinning regime, QDs become asymmetric above a critical rotation frequency, most of them being stable. The effect of the PT -symmetric potential on the spinning and nonspinning QDs is explored by varying the strength of the gain-loss distribution. Generally, spinning QDs trapped in the PT -symmetric potential exhibit asymmetry due to the energy flow affected by the interplay of the gain-loss distribution and rotation. Finally, interactions between spinning or nonspinning QDs are explored, exhibiting elastic collisions under certain conditions.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures (to be published in Chaos)
Trichopria polita Notton 1993
Creators: name: Notton, David G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Mymaridae
Trichopria
Trichopria polita

description: Trichopria polita Notton, 1993: 139, figs 1-13.
Valid name
Trichopria polita Notton, 1993.
Summary of types
Holotype ♀, BMNH number 9.884, by original designation.
Primary type data
UK: Cambs: Chippenham / Fen: carr-reedbed:/ TL650693: Malaise / 22.8- 5.9.1985 / J.Field; Holotype ♀ / Trichopria / polita/ D.G.Notton.
Type locality
England, Cambridgeshire, Chippenham Fen.
Remarks
The holotype is mounted on a card and is entire.
description: Published as part of Notton, David G., 2014, A catalogue of the types of Diapriinae (Hymenoptera, Diapriidae) at the Natural History Museum, London, pp. 1-123 in European Journal of Taxonomy 75 on page 104, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2014.75, http://zenodo.org/record/3862773
Prosodia de las cláusulas relativas con antecedente explícito en español: Datos de la Ciudad de México
Creators: name: Martínez-Martínez, Jordi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Phonetics
Relative clauses
Prosody

description: Una dicotomía clásica en la descripción de las cláusulas relativas con antecedente explícito (CR) reconoce las especificativas o restrictivas (CRR), que delimitan la referencia de su antecedente y se integran prosódicamente a éste, y las explicativas o no restrictivas (CRNR), que aportan información adicional sobre un antecedente ya extensionalmente definido, del cual se separan por
 medio de una cesura. Existen pocos trabajos de corte experimental u observaciones instrumentales que analicen la prosodia de las CRs con antecedente explícito en español (vg. Garro & Parker, 1983), mientras que para el español de la Ciudad de México no existe ninguno. El objetivo principal de este trabajo consiste en evaluar las diferencias prosódicas de las CRRs y las CRNRs en los lindes de las cláusulas con sus antecedentes (J1) y con el resto del enunciado (J2), por medio de las siguientes variables: duración de última vocal ante linde de CR, promedio de f0 de última vocal ante linde de CR, y presencia y duración de silencios ante linde de CR. Para ello, se diseñó una prueba de lectura con 72 ítems (24 puntos de análisis y 48 distractores), aplicada a 20 hispanoparlantes nativos de la Ciudad de México, organizados en parejas de sexo opuesto. En total, fueron obtenidos 237 puntos de análisis, que fueron manualmente segmentados y analizados en el programa de computadora Praat. El promedio de F0 de las vocales ante J1 fue más alto con CRRs (promedio: 95.207 st) que con CRNRs (promedio: 92.417 st). Esta tendencia se mantiene con las vocales ante J2, aunque la diferencia entre ambas condiciones es menor, con un promedio de 90.698 st para CRRs y uno de 89.730 st para CRNRs. La duración de las últimas vocales ante J1 y J2 fue más larga con CRNRs que con CRRs, aunque, en promedio, la diferencia de ambos valores es más grande ante J1 (66.660 ms vs. 92.060 ms), que ante J2 (91.007 ms vs. 98.568 ms). Sólo el 56.54% (134/237) de los contextos J1 y el 40.08% (95/237) de los contextos J2 presentaron algún silencio identificable en análisis espectrográficos. Las CRNRs presentaron en ambos contextos tanto la mayor cantidad de silencios (75 para J1 y 62 para J2), como los promedios de duración más grandes: 109.91 ms frente 61.267 ms en J1 y 118.584 ms frente a 92.399 ms. Los resultados preliminares confirman algunas observaciones hechas por Garro & Parker (1983) con datos del español rioplatense, especialmente en el contexto J1, aunque la variación de los resultados obtenidos es menor en el contexto J2. Algunas posibles explicaciones podrían encontrarse en la variación diatópica del fraseo, la presencia de un artículo indefinido a la izquierda del antecedente, la irrelevancia del contexto J2 para establecer la oposición CRR – CRNR o el componente interaccional de la prueba de lectura aplicada.
Non-stationary Feller process with time-varying coefficients
Creators: name: Masoliver, Jaume
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the non-stationary Feller process with time varying coefficients. We obtain the exact probability distribution exemplified by its characteristic function and cumulants. In some particular cases we exactly invert the distribution and achieve the probability density function. We show that for sufficiently long times this density approaches a Gamma distribution with time-varying shape and scale parameters. Not far from the origin the process obeys a power law with an exponent dependent of time, thereby concluding that accessibility to the origin is not static but dynamic. We finally discuss some possible applications of the process.
La investigación sobre ortografía, fonética y fonología en la tradición lingüística española
Creators: name: Battaner Moro, Elena
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: History of Linguistics
Spanish
Phonetics
Phonology

description: La Bibliografía Temática de Historiografía Lingüística Española. Fuentes Secundarias (en adelante, BiTe; Esparza (dir.) et al. (2008) es una base de datos que almacena y organiza fuentes secundarias relativas a todos los aspectos de la historia de la lingüística española. Una descripción completa de BiTe puede encontrarse en Esparza (2007). El objetivo de BiTe es facilitar al investigador material bibliográfico controlado y organizado. Una de sus utilidades es la de permitir reconstruir la investigación realizada, desde el punto de vista historiográfico, acerca una determinada disciplina o aspecto de la lingüística. Así, a modo de ejemplo, se pueden citar algunos trabajos en los que BiTe se utiliza sistemáticamente como herramienta que suministra los datos a partir de la investigación en esas cuestiones específicas: “Sobre metalenguaje e historiografía lingüística” (Esparza 2006) y “Los comienzos de la lexicografía española” (Esparza 2007), ya publicados, o “Las notas en aragonés del manuscrito gramatical 153 Ripoll” (Esparza y Calvo, en prensa) y “La investigación sobre pragmática y análisis del discurso en la tradición lingüística española” (Calvo y Esparza, en prensa). Siguiendo el ejemplo de estas publicaciones, el objetivo de esta comunicación es presentar una imagen de cómo se ha ido desarrollando la investigación sobre ortografía, fonética y fonología en la tradición lingüística española. En el punto primero se caracteriza la BiTe de una forma general y se expone qué parte de ella se ha utilizado para este trabajo. En el segundo punto se exponen unos datos cuantitativos generales acerca de BiTe y otros específicos en relación con los objetivos de este trabajo. El tercer punto ofrece una relación de fuentes que, en conjunto, conforman el panorama de investigación historiográfica en torno a la ortografía, fonética, fonología y prosodia en la lingüística española. En el cuarto y último apartado se ofrecen algunas conclusiones y se abren vías de trabajo para la investigación historiográfica futura posible con respecto a estas materias. El proyecto, bajo ese mismo nombre, fue financiado por la Xunta de Galicia (Código: XUGA30201A98) y, en su segunda parte, por el programa conjunto de la Comunidad de Madrid y Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (Referencia: URJC-CM-2006-CSH-0390). Los investigadores de este proyecto son Miguel Ángel Esparza Torres (URJC), que es quien lo dirige; Elena Battaner Moro (URJC), Vicente Calvo Fernández (URJC), Susana Rodríguez Barcia (UVigo) y Adrián Álvarez Fernández (UVigo).
Thermoelectric signatures of order-parameter symmetries in iron-based superconducting tunnel junctions
Creators: name: Guarcello, Claudio
name: Braggio, Alessandro
name: Giazotto, Francesco
name: Citro, Roberta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermoelectrical properties are frequently used to characterize the materials and endow the free energy from wasted heat for useful purposes. Here, we show that linear thermoelectric effects in tunnel junctions with Fe-based superconductors, not only address the dominance between particle and hole states, but even provide information about the superconducting order parameter symmetry. In particular, we observe that nodal order parameters present a maximal thermoelectric effect at lower temperatures than for nodeless cases. Furthermore, we show also that superconducting tunnel junctions between Fe-based and BCS superconductors could provide a thermoelectric efficiency ZT exceeding 6 with a linear Seebeck coefficient around $S\approx 800\;μ\text{V/K}$ at a few Kelvin. These results pave the way to novel thermoelectric machines based on multi-band superconductors.
description: Editors' Suggestion. Letter. Main Text 7 pages, 3 figures. Supplemental Material 8 pages, 9 figures
Pulses with Minimum Residual Intersymbol Interference for Faster than Nyquist Signaling
Creators: name: Jaffal, Youssef
name: Alvarado, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Faster than Nyquist signaling increases the spectral efficiency of pulse amplitude modulation by accepting intersymbol interference, where an equalizer is needed at the receiver. Since the complexity of an optimal equalizer increases exponentially with the number of the interfering symbols, practical truncated equalizers assume shorter memory. The power of the resulting residual interference depends on the transmit filter and limits the performance of truncated equalizers. In this paper, we use numerical optimizations and the prolate spheroidal wave functions to find optimal time-limited pulses that achieve minimum residual interference. Compared to root raised cosine pulses, the new pulses decrease the residual interference by an order of magnitude, for example, a decrease by 32 dB is achieved for an equalizer that considers four interfering symbols at 57% faster transmissions. As a proof of concept, for the 57% faster transmissions of binary symbols, we showed that using the new pulse with a 4-state equalizer has better bit error rate performance compared to using a root raised cosine pulse with a 128-state equalizer.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures
Speed limits and locality in many-body quantum dynamics
Creators: name: Chen, Chi-Fang
name: Lucas, Andrew
name: Yin, Chao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the mathematical speed limits on quantum information processing in many-body systems. After the proof of the Lieb-Robinson Theorem in 1972, the past two decades have seen substantial developments in its application to other questions, such as the simulatability of quantum systems on classical or quantum computers, the generation of entanglement, and even the properties of ground states of gapped systems. Moreover, Lieb-Robinson bounds have been extended in non-trivial ways, to demonstrate speed limits in systems with power-law interactions or interacting bosons, and even to prove notions of locality that arise in cartoon models for quantum gravity with all-to-all interactions. We overview the progress which has occurred, highlight the most promising results and techniques, and discuss some central outstanding questions which remain open. To help bring newcomers to the field up to speed, we provide self-contained proofs of the field's most essential results.
description: review article. 93 pages, 10 figures, 1 table. v2: minor changes
Scalable spin squeezing in a dipolar Rydberg atom array
Creators: name: Bornet, Guillaume
name: Emperauger, Gabriel
name: Chen, Cheng
name: Ye, Bingtian
name: Block, Maxwell
name: Bintz, Marcus
name: Boyd, Jamie A.
name: Barredo, Daniel
name: Comparin, Tommaso
name: Mezzacapo, Fabio
name: Roscilde, Tommaso
name: Lahaye, Thierry
name: Yao, Norman Y.
name: Browaeys, Antoine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The standard quantum limit bounds the precision of measurements that can be achieved by ensembles of uncorrelated particles. Fundamentally, this limit arises from the non-commuting nature of quantum mechanics, leading to the presence of fluctuations often referred to as quantum projection noise. Quantum metrology relies on the use of non-classical states of many-body systems in order to enhance the precision of measurements beyond the standard quantum limit. To do so, one can reshape the quantum projection noise -- a strategy known as squeezing. In the context of many-body spin systems, one typically utilizes all-to-all interactions (e.g. the one-axis twisting model) between the constituents to generate the structured entanglement characteristic of spin squeezing. Motivated by recent theoretical work, here we explore the prediction that short-range interactions -- and in particular, the two-dimensional dipolar XY model -- can also enable the realization of scalable spin squeezing. Working with a dipolar Rydberg quantum simulator of up to 100 atoms, we demonstrate that quench dynamics from a polarized initial state lead to spin squeezing that improves with increasing system size up to a maximum of -3.5 dB (prior to correcting for detection errors, or approximately -5 dB after correction). Finally, we present two independent refinements: first, using a multistep spin-squeezing protocol allows us to further enhance the squeezing by approximately 1 dB, and second, leveraging Floquet engineering to realize Heisenberg interactions, we demonstrate the ability to extend the lifetime of the squeezed state by freezing its dynamics.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures
A second order upper bound for the ground state energy of a hard-sphere gas in the Gross-Pitaevskii regime
Creators: name: Basti, Giulia
name: Cenatiempo, Serena
name: Olgiati, Alessandro
name: Pasqualetti, Giulio
name: Schlein, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove an upper bound for the ground state energy of a Bose gas consisting of $N$ hard spheres with radius $\mathfrak{a}/N$, moving in the three-dimensional unit torus $Λ$. Our estimate captures the correct asymptotics of the ground state energy, up to errors that vanish in the limit $N \to \infty$. The proof is based on the construction of an appropriate trial state, given by the product of a Jastrow factor (describing two-particle correlations on short scales) and of a wave function constructed through a (generalized) Bogoliubov transformation, generating orthogonal excitations of the Bose-Einstein condensate and describing correlations on large scales.
description: Final version, 58 pages