cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Purification and biochemical characterization of an alkaline feruloyl esterase from Penicillium sumatrense NCH-S2 using rice bran as substrate
Creators: name: Li, Jia-Shiun
name: Lau, Yie-Qie
name: Sun, Tzu-Ying
name: Chen, Chin-Shuh
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Feruloyl esterases (FAEs) are essential accessory enzymes in the hydrolysis of plant cell wall structure. A novel FAE was obtained from Penicillium sumatrense NCH-S2. Enzyme purification was conducted by ultrafiltration, ammonium sulfate precipitation, anion exchange, and gel filtration chromatography. This FAE has a molecular mass of 36 kDa. Its optimum temperature and pH were 50°C and pH 9.0–10.0, respectively. The FAE demonstrated high pH stability at the pH ranging from 6.0 to 10.0. After enzymatic hydrolysis with FAE, the DPPH free radical scavenging capacity, ferrous ion chelating ability, and total phenolic content (TPC) of defatted rice bran (DRB) hydrolysate significantly increased. Furthermore, the amount of released FA from DRB under a synergistic interaction of FAE and hemicellulose increased by 18–21% in comparison with that of either enzyme acting alone.
Additional file 1 of Factors associated with elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels among hill tribe people aged 30 years and over in Thailand: a cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Niwed Kullawong
name: Apidechkul, Tawatchai
name: Panupong Upala
name: Ratipark Tamornpark
name: Vivat Keawdounglek
name: Chanyanut Wongfu
name: Fartima Yeemard
name: Siriyaporn Khunthason
name: Chalitar Chomchoei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Questionnaire
Measuring the cosmic evolution of dark energy with baryonic oscillations in the galaxy power spectrum
Creators: name: Glazebrook, Karl
name: Blake, Chris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use Monte Carlo techniques to simulate the ability of future large high-redshift galaxy surveys to measure the temporal evolution of the dark energy equation-of-state w(z), using the baryonic acoustic oscillations in the clustering power spectrum as a 'standard ruler'. Our analysis only utilizes the oscillatory component of the power spectrum and not its overall shape, which is potentially susceptible to broadband tilts induced by a host of model-dependent systematic effects. Our results are therefore robust and conservative. We show that baryon oscillation constraints can be thought of, to high accuracy, as a direct probe of the distance - redshift and expansion rate - redshift relations where distances are measured in units of the sound horizon. Distance precisions of 1% are obtainable for a fiducial redshift survey covering 10,000 deg^2 and redshift range 0.5 < z < 3.5. If the dark energy is further characterized by w(z) = w_0 + w_1 z (with a cut-off in the evolving term at z = 2), we can then measure the parameters w_0 and w_1 with a precision exceeding current knowledge by a factor of ten: 1 sigma accuracies Delta w_0 ~ 0.03 and Delta w_1 ~ 0.06 are obtainable (assuming a flat universe and that the other cosmological parameters Omega_m} and h could be measured independently to a precision of +/- 0.01 by combinations of future CMB and other experiments). We quantify how this performance degrades with redshift/areal coverage and knowledge of Omega_m and h, and discuss realistic observational prospects for such large-scale spectroscopic redshift surveys, with a variety of diverse techniques. We also quantify how large photometric redshift imaging surveys could be utilized to produce measurements of (w_0,w_1) with the baryonic oscillation method which may be competitive in the short term.
description: ApJ, in press, 33 pages, 19 figures
ECONOMIC AND FISCAL IMPACTS OF A RETIREMENT/RECREATION COMMUNITY: A STUDY OF TELLICO VILLAGE, TENNESSEE
Creators: name: Siegel, Paul B.
name: Leuthold, Frank O.
name: Siegel, Paul B.
name: Leuthold, Frank O.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Retirement community
subject: Economic and fiscal impacts
subject: Rural development

description: Retirement/recreation communities (RRCs) have been promoted as a way for some rural regions to develop their economies. RRCs can have substantial economic impacts (changes in employment and income) and fiscal impacts (changes in local government revenues and costs) on rural communities. Because the magnitude and direction of these impacts are site-specific, assessments of RRCs as a rural development strategy should consider both the economic and fiscal impacts for a given region. This paper presents a case study of the economic and fiscal impacts of Tellico Village on Loudon County, Tennessee.
How Multivalency controls Ionic Criticality
Creators: name: Fisher, Michael E.
name: Aqua, Jean-Noël
name: Banerjee, Shubho
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To understand how multivalency influences the reduced critical temperatures, Tce (z), and densities, roce (z), of z : 1 ionic fluids, we study equisized hard-sphere models with z = 1-3. Following Debye, Hueckel and Bjerrum, association into ion clusters is treated with, also, ionic solvation and excluded volume. In good accord with simulations but contradicting integral-equation and field theories, Tce falls when z increases while roce rises steeply: that 80-90% of the ions are bound in clusters near T_c serves to explain these trends. For z \neq 1 interphase Galvani potentials arise and are evaluated.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF THE U.S.-MEXICO FREE TRADE AGREEMENT: ANALYSIS OF THE CONGRESSIONAL FAST TRACK VOTE
Creators: name: Boadu, Frederick O.
name: Thompson, Marla R.
name: Boadu, Frederick O.
name: Thompson, Marla R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Political Economy
subject: Free trade agreement
subject: Fast track
subject: Textiles
subject: Congressional voting

description: This paper presents an empirical analysis of the strategic forces shaping U.S.-Mexico trade relationships and the possibilities of extending the trade agreement to the rest of the Americas. The paper concludes that constituency interests, party loyalty, the proportion of a state's population of Hispanic origin, and the influence of textile-related employment in the state were significant explanatory factors in the Congressional Fast Track vote that occurred in May of 1991.
Corrections to universal Rényi entropy in quasiparticle excited states of quantum chains
Creators: name: Zhang, Jiaju
name: Rajabpour, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the energy eigenstate Rényi entropy of generic bipartition in the fermionic, bosonic, and spin-1/2 XY chains. When the gap of the theory is large or all the momenta of the excited quasiparticles are large, the Rényi entropy takes a universal form, which is independent of the model, the quasiparticle momenta, and the subsystem connectedness. We calculate analytically the Rényi entropy in the extremely gapped limit and find different additional contributions to the universal Rényi entropy in various models. The corrections to the universal Rényi entropy cannot be neglected when the momentum differences of the excited quasiparticles are small. The Rényi entropy derived in the extremely gapped limit is still valid in the slightly gapped and even critical chains as long as all the momenta of the excited quasiparticles are large. In the case of double interval in the XY chain we find new universal results and their corrections. We call the result universal even though it is only valid for double interval in the spin-1/2 XY chain. In the case of the bosonic chain in the extremely massive limit we find analytically a novel formula for the Rényi entropy written as the permanent of a certain matrix. We support all of our analytical results with numerical calculations.
description: published version: 61 pages, 26 figures, see also: arXiv:2010.13973
The structure of the proton and NLO QCD fits
Creators: name: Gwenlan, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: HERA has provided a wealth of high precision structure function and jet production data, allowing considerable progress to be made in understanding the structure of the proton. In this paper, several of the most recent proton structure results from the H1 and ZEUS Collaborations at HERA are presented. These include results from NLO QCD fits, neutral current deep inelastic scattering and jet production at high transverse energy.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, prepared for the proceedings of the HEP2005 International Europhysics Conference of High Energy Physics (EPS05)
Additional file 1 of Perceived stress and depressive symptoms not neuropsychiatric symptoms predict caregiver burden in Alzheimer’s disease: a cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Manee Pinyopornpanish
name: Kanokporn Pinyopornpanish
name: Atiwat Soontornpun
name: Tanprawate, Surat
name: Angkana Nadsasarn
name: Nahathai Wongpakaran
name: Wongpakaran, Tinakon
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Gluon field distribution in baryons
Creators: name: Bissey, F.
name: Cao, F-G.
name: Kitson, A.
name: Lasscock, B. G.
name: Leinweber, D. B.
name: Signal, A. I.
name: Williams, A. G.
name: Zanotti, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Methods for revealing the distribution of gluon fields within the three-quark static-baryon potential are presented. In particular, we outline methods for studying the sensitivity of the source on the emerging vacuum response for the three-quark system. At the same time, we explore the possibility of revealing gluon-field distributions in three-quark systems in QCD without the use of gauge-dependent smoothing techniques. Renderings of flux tubes from a preliminary high-statistics study on a 12^3 X 24 lattice are presented.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures, proceedings of the QCD Down Under 2003 conference
Dynamical properties of S=1 bond-alternating Heisenberg chains at finite temperatures
Creators: name: Suzuki, Takahumi
name: Suga, Sei-ichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamical structure factors of the S=1 bond-alternating spin chains in the dimer phase are calculated at finite temperature, using the pair dynamical correlated-effective-field approximation. At T=0, the delta-function-type peak of the one-magnon mode appears. When temperature is increased, such a sharp peak is broadened and the additional weak peak caused by the excitation from the triplet state to the quintet state emerges in the higher energy region. The results are discussed in comparison with those obtained by the exact diagonalization method.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Botschaft der Konferenz für weltweite Zusammenarbeit in Entwicklungsfragen, Beirut (21-27.4.1968)
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 17 Nr. 3 (1968): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 17, Heft 3
A PORTFOLIO APPROACH TO LANDSCAPE PLANT PRODUCTION AND MARKETING
Creators: name: Purcell, David L.
name: Turner, Steven C.
name: Houston, Jack E.
name: Hall, Charles R.
name: Purcell, David L.
name: Turner, Steven C.
name: Houston, Jack E.
name: Hall, Charles R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Landscape plants
subject: Quadratic programming
subject: Portfolio analysis
subject: Risk management

description: The ornamental horticultural industry continues to be one of the most rapidly expanding sectors in agriculture. This study examined a decision model for landscape plant production based on portfolio analysis. A quadratic programming model was developed to generate an optimal crop portfolio for a selected southeastern nursery. Empirical results indicate opportunities exist for modest diversification to offset income variability in landscape plant production and marketing.
Quantization Games on Social Networks and Language Evolution
Creators: name: Mani, Ankur
name: Varshney, Lav R.
name: Alex
name: Pentland
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We consider a strategic network quantizer design setting where agents must balance fidelity in representing their local source distributions against their ability to successfully communicate with other connected agents. We study the problem as a network game and show existence of Nash equilibrium quantizers. For any agent, under Nash equilibrium, the word representing a given partition region is the conditional expectation of the mixture of local and social source probability distributions within the region. Since having knowledge of the original source of information in the network may not be realistic, we show that under certain conditions, the agents need not know the source origin and yet still settle on a Nash equilibrium using only the observed sources. Further, the network may converge to equilibrium through a distributed version of the Lloyd-Max algorithm. In contrast to traditional results in the evolution of language, we find several vocabularies may coexist in the Nash equilibrium, with each individual having exactly one of these vocabularies. The overlap between vocabularies is high for individuals that communicate frequently and have similar local sources. Finally, we argue that error in translation along a chain of communication does not grow if and only if the chain consists of agents with shared vocabulary. Numerical results are given.
Angular Momentum Transport by Gravity Waves in the Solar Interior
Creators: name: Rogers, Tamara M.
name: Glatzmaier, Gary A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present self-consistent numerical simulations of the sun's convection zone and radiative interior using a two-dimensional model of its equatorial plane. The background reference state is a one-dimensional solar structure model. Turbulent convection in the outer convection zone continually excites gravity waves which propagate throughout the stable radiative interior and deposit their angular momentum. We find that angular velocity variations in the tachocline are driven by angular momentum transported by overshooting convective plumes rather than the nonlinear interaction of waves. The mean flow in the tachocline is time dependent but not oscillatory in direction. Since the forcing in this shallow region can not be described by simple linear waves, it is unlikely that the interaction of such waves is responsible for the solar cycle or the 1.3 year oscillation. However, in the deep radiative interior, the interaction of low amplitude gravity waves, continually excited by the overshooting plumes, is responsible for the angular velocity deviations observed there. Near the center of the model sun the angular velocity deviation is about two orders of magnitude greater than that in the bulk of the radiative region and reverses its direction (prograde to retrograde or vice versa) in the opposite sense of the angular velocity deviations that occur in the tachocline. Our simulations thus demonstrate how angular velocity variations in the solar core are linked to those in the tachocline, which themselves are driven by convective overshooting.
description: submitted to ApJ
OUTPUT CHANGE IN U.S. AGRICULTURE: AN INPUT-OUTPUT ANALYSIS
Creators: name: Holland, David W.
name: Martin, R.P.
name: Holland, David W.
name: Martin, R.P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Production Economics
subject: Import substitution
subject: Input-output
subject: Output change
subject: Technical change

description: This paper analyzes output changes in the U.S. agricultural economy from 1972 to 1977 using a 477-sector input-output framework. The empirical model is based on benchmark input-output data from the U.S. Bureau of Economic analysis for 1972 and 1977. Output changes were decomposed into components attributable to technical change, domestic final demand change, export demand change and import substitution. A major advantage of the decomposition is its ability to identify the output change in a given sector due to general equilibrium effects in all sectors.
Quantifying orbital migration from exoplanet statistics and host metallicities
Creators: name: Rice, W. K. M.
name: Armitage, Philip J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate how the statistical distribution of extrasolar planets may be combined with knowledge of the host stars' metallicity to yield constraints on the migration histories of gas giant planets. At any radius, planets that barely manage to form around the lowest metallicity stars accrete their envelopes just as the gas disk is being dissipated, so the lower envelope of planets in a plot of metallicity vs semi-major axis defines a sample of non-migratory planets that will have suffered less than average migration subsequent to gap opening. Under the assumption that metallicity largely controls the initial surface density of planetesimals, we use simplified core accretion models to calculate how the minimum metallicity needed for planet formation varies as a function of semi-major axis. Models that do not include core migration prior to gap opening (Type I migration) predict that the critical metallicity is largely flat between the snow line and a semimajor axis of about 6 AU, with a weak dependence on the initial surface density profile of planetesimals. When slow Type I migration is included, the critical metallicity is found to increase steadily from 1-10 AU. Large planet samples, that include planets at modestly greater orbital radii than present surveys, therefore have the potential to quantify the extent of migration in both Type I and Type II regimes.
description: ApJ, in press
INCORPORATING THE 1990 FARM BILL INTO FARM-LEVEL DECISION MODELS: AN APPLICATION TO COTTON FARMS
Creators: name: Duffy, Patricia A.
name: Cain, Danny L.
name: Young, George J.
name: Duffy, Patricia A.
name: Cain, Danny L.
name: Young, George J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Cotton farms
subject: Farm programs
subject: Programming models

description: A five-year, 0.1, mixed integer programming model was developed to analyze the effects of 1990 Farm Bill legislation on the crop-mix decisions made on cotton farms. Results showed that, when compared to the 1985 Farm Bill, the 1990 Farm Bill can result in higher whole-farm income despite new "triple base" provisions limiting payment acres. The increase in income results from elimination of limited cross-compliance provisions and the change to a three-year base calculation. The model was also used to assess the likely impact of possible changes in the current legislation.
ST-GREED: Space-Time Generalized Entropic Differences for Frame Rate Dependent Video Quality Prediction
Creators: name: Madhusudana, Pavan C.
name: Birkbeck, Neil
name: Wang, Yilin
name: Adsumilli, Balu
name: Bovik, Alan C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We consider the problem of conducting frame rate dependent video quality assessment (VQA) on videos of diverse frame rates, including high frame rate (HFR) videos. More generally, we study how perceptual quality is affected by frame rate, and how frame rate and compression combine to affect perceived quality. We devise an objective VQA model called Space-Time GeneRalized Entropic Difference (GREED) which analyzes the statistics of spatial and temporal band-pass video coefficients. A generalized Gaussian distribution (GGD) is used to model band-pass responses, while entropy variations between reference and distorted videos under the GGD model are used to capture video quality variations arising from frame rate changes. The entropic differences are calculated across multiple temporal and spatial subbands, and merged using a learned regressor. We show through extensive experiments that GREED achieves state-of-the-art performance on the LIVE-YT-HFR Database when compared with existing VQA models. The features used in GREED are highly generalizable and obtain competitive performance even on standard, non-HFR VQA databases. The implementation of GREED has been made available online: https://github.com/pavancm/GREED
Open Questions on Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics of Chemical Reaction Networks
Creators: name: Esposito, Massimiliano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chemical reaction networks (CRNs) are prototypical complex systems because reactions are nonlinear and connected in intricate ways, and they are also essential to understand living systems. Here, I discuss how recent developments in nonequilibrium thermodynamics provide new insight on how CRNs process energy and perform sophisticated tasks, and describe open challenges in the field.
Polyphenol bioaccessibility and anti-inflammatory activity of Mexican common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with diverse seed colour
Creators: name: Perez-Hernandez, Lucia Margarita
name: Hernández-Álvarez, Alan Javier
name: Morgan, Michael
name: Boesch, Christine
name: Orfila, Caroline
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Common bean consumption is associated with the prevention of chronic diseases and these effects are partially attributed to their polyphenol content. In this study, the bioaccessibility and anti-inflammatory activity of polyphenols from six Mexican cultivars of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) varying in their seed colour, was evaluated. In all cultivars, digestion of starch and protein released significantly more polyphenols compared to soaking, cooking and methanol extraction. Pink cultivar ‘Marcela’ showed the highest total and bioaccessible polyphenol content (>50 mg GAE per gram dry bean). Black cultivar ‘Negro Jamapa’ showed a moderate anti-inflammatory effect, reducing mRNA levels of IL6, IL1β and iNOS by up to 20%. In contrast, cultivars ‘Marcela’ and yellow ‘Azufrado’ induced mRNA expression of IL1β, IL6, and HO-1, thus inducing both pro- and anti-oxidation pathways. Results indicate that enzymatic digestion promotes the bioaccessibility of common bean polyphenols and bean cultivars can elicit both anti- and pro-inflammatory responses in macrophages.
Interaction of piroxicam with bovine serum albumin investigated by spectroscopic, calorimetric and computational molecular methods
Creators: name: Aricov, Ludmila
name: Angelescu, Daniel George
name: Băran, Adriana
name: Leontieş, Anca Ruxandra
name: Popa, Vlad Tudor
name: Precupaş, Aurica
name: Romică Sandu
name: Stîngă, Gabriela
name: Dan-Florin Anghel
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: The binding of drugs to serum proteins is governed by weak non-covalent forces. In this study, the nature and magnitude of the interactions between piroxicam (PRX) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was assessed using spectroscopic, calorimetric and computational molecular methods. The fluorescence data revealed an atypical behavior during PRX and BSA interaction. The quenching process of tryptophan (Trp) by PRX is a dual one (approximately equal static and dynamic quenched components). The FRET results indicate that a non-radiative transfer of energy occurred. The association constant and the number of binding sites indicate moderate PRX and BSA binding. The competitive binding study indicates that PRX is bound to site I from the hydrophobic pocket of subdomain IIA of BSA. The synchronous spectra showed that the microenvironment around the BSA fluorophores and protein conformation do not change considerably. The Trp lifetimes revealed that PRX mainly quenches the fluorescence of Trp-213 situated in the hydrophobic domain. The CD and DSC investigation show that addition of PRX stabilizes the protein structure. ITC results revealed that BSA-PRX binding involves a combination of electrostatic, hydrophobic and hydrogen interactions. The analysis of the computational data is consistent with the experimental results. This thorough investigation of the PRX-BSA binding may provide support for other studies concerning moderate affinity drugs with serum protein. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
Molecular Motor Constructed from a Double-Walled Carbon Nanotube Driven by Axially Varying Voltage
Creators: name: Tu, Z. C.
name: Hu, X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new molecular motor is conceptually constructed from a double-walled carbon nanotube (DWNT) consisting of a long inner single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) and a short outer SWNT with different chirality. The interaction between inner and outer tubes is the sum of the Lennard-Jones potentials between carbon atoms in inner tube and those in outer one. Within the framework of Smoluchowski-Feynman ratchet, it is theoretically shown that this system in an isothermal bath will exhibit a unidirectional rotation in the presence of a varying axial electrical voltage.
description: 11 pages + 3 figures
DiffMG: Differentiable Meta Graph Search for Heterogeneous Graph Neural Networks
Creators: name: Ding, Yuhui
name: Yao, Quanming
name: Zhao, Huan
name: Zhang, Tong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we propose a novel framework to automatically utilize task-dependent semantic information which is encoded in heterogeneous information networks (HINs). Specifically, we search for a meta graph, which can capture more complex semantic relations than a meta path, to determine how graph neural networks (GNNs) propagate messages along different types of edges. We formalize the problem within the framework of neural architecture search (NAS) and then perform the search in a differentiable manner. We design an expressive search space in the form of a directed acyclic graph (DAG) to represent candidate meta graphs for a HIN, and we propose task-dependent type constraint to filter out those edge types along which message passing has no effect on the representations of nodes that are related to the downstream task. The size of the search space we define is huge, so we further propose a novel and efficient search algorithm to make the total search cost on a par with training a single GNN once. Compared with existing popular NAS algorithms, our proposed search algorithm improves the search efficiency. We conduct extensive experiments on different HINs and downstream tasks to evaluate our method, and experimental results show that our method can outperform state-of-the-art heterogeneous GNNs and also improves efficiency compared with those methods which can implicitly learn meta paths.
description: KDD 2021, Research Track; Add refs
A STRUCTURAL APPROACH TO ESTIMATING RATE OF RETURN EXPECTATIONS OF FARMERS
Creators: name: Ahrendsen, Bruce L.
name: Ahrendsen, Bruce L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Estimating expectations
subject: Rate of return
subject: Translog cost function

description: A dual cost function approach is developed as an alternative to time series and simplistic approaches for estimating farmers' expected operating rates of return on assets. A translog restricted cost function is estimated using data provided by 152 North Carolina dairy farmers over the period 1976 through 1986. The predicted costs from the fitted restricted cost function are used to construct estimates of farmers' expected operating rates of return on assets. The estimates from this structural approach explain more of the variation in observed rates than do time series estimates or sample mean observed rates.
Additional file 1 of Novel ERCC2 variant in trichothiodystrophy infant: the first case report in China
Creators: name: Chen, Jian-Dong
name: Liao, Wei-Dong
name: Ling-Ying Wen
name: Zhong, Rong-Hua
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. The output data during whole exome sequencing.
Thermal effects on the absorption of ultra-high energy neutrinos by the cosmic neutrino background
Creators: name: D'Olivo, J. C.
name: Nellen, L.
name: Sahu, S.
name: Van Elewyck, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the formalism of finite-temperature field theory to study the interactions of ultra-high energy (UHE) cosmic neutrinos with the background of relic neutrinos and to derive general expressions for the UHE neutrino transmission probability. This approach allows us to take into account the thermal effects introduced by the momentum distribution of the relic neutrinos. We compare our results with the approximate expressions existing in the literature and discuss the influence of thermal effects on the absorption dips in the context of favoured neutrino mass schemes, as well as in the case of clustered relic neutrinos.
description: 3 pages, 2 figures. Prepared for the Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics (TAUP 2005), Zaragoza (Spain), September 10-14, 2005
Understanding co-loading of doxorubicin and camptothecin on graphene and folic acid-conjugated graphene for targeting drug delivery: classical MD simulation and DFT calculation
Creators: name: Abutaleb Alinejad
name: Heidar Raissi
name: Hashemzadeh, Hassan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer

description: The surface modification ability is one of the remarkable characters of graphene (G) nanosheet. Based on this strategy, G surface is modified with folic acid (FA) to improve the targeting delivery of chemotherapy agents. The dual delivery strategy for the transport of doxorubicin (DOX) and camptothecin (CPT) by using G and folic acid functionalized G nanocarriers is examined. The density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation are employed to gain a deep insight into the nature of the drug and the carrier interactions. The obtained results indicate that the drug molecules spontaneously move toward the carriers and form stable complexes. In the graphene-based systems, the drug molecules form strong π-π interactions with the carrier surface. It is found that the FA functionalization of G (FA-G) not only improves targeting effect but also reinforces drug-carrier interaction. Furthermore, the MD and DFT results show that interaction of DOX molecules with G and FA-G is stronger than CPT. We believe that the results obtained from this study can be helpful to improve the drug effectiveness in cancer treatment. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
Additional file 3 of Novel ERCC2 variant in trichothiodystrophy infant: the first case report in China
Creators: name: Chen, Jian-Dong
name: Liao, Wei-Dong
name: Ling-Ying Wen
name: Zhong, Rong-Hua
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3: Supplementary Table 3. Clinical presentation of our case and the published cases with trichothiodystrophy.
ECONOMIC RETURNS TO THE BOLL WEEVIL ERADICATION PROGRAM
Creators: name: Ahouissoussi, Nicolas B.C.
name: Wetzstein, Michael E.
name: Duffy, Patricia A.
name: Ahouissoussi, Nicolas B.C.
name: Wetzstein, Michael E.
name: Duffy, Patricia A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Cotton
subject: Pest management
subject: Regional pest control

description: The economic viability of the Boll Weevil Eradication program in Alabama, Florida, and Georgia is assessed based on a five-year survey of producers. Results indicate the program increases yield 100 pounds per acre. This implies a 19 percent internal rate of return for producers over a ten year period.
The Chang-Refsdal Lens Revisited
Creators: name: An, J.
name: Evans, N. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper provides a complete theoretical treatment of the point-mass lens perturbed by constant external shear, often called the Chang-Refsdal lens. We show that simple invariants exist for the products of the (complex) positions of the four images, as well as moment sums of their signed magnifications. The image topographies and equations of the caustics and critical curves are also studied. We derive the fully analytic expressions for precaustics, which are the loci of non-critical points that map to the caustics under the lens mapping. They constitute boundaries of the region in the image domain that maps onto the interior of the caustics. The areas under the critical curves, caustics and precaustics are all evaluated, which enables us to calculate the mean magnification of the source within the caustics. Additionally, the exact analytic expression for the magnification distribution for the source in the triangular caustics is derived, as well as a useful approximate expression. Finally, we find that the Chang-Refsdal lens with the convergence greater than unity can exhibit third-order critical behaviour, if the reduced shear is exactly equal to \sqrt{3}/2, and that the number of images for N-point masses with non-zero constant shear cannot be greater than 5N-1.
description: to appear in MNRAS (including 6 figures, 3 appendices; v2 - minor update with corrected typos etc.)
SOUTH-NORTH TRADE, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY JURISDICTIONS, AND FREEDOM TO OPERATE IN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH ON STAPLE CROPS
Creators: name: Binenbaum, Eran
name: Nottenburg, Carol
name: Pardey, Philip G.
name: Wright, Brian D.
name: Zambrano, Patricia
name: Binenbaum, Eran
name: Nottenburg, Carol
name: Pardey, Philip G.
name: Wright, Brian D.
name: Zambrano, Patricia
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: A biotechnology revolution is proceeding in tandem with international proliferation of intellectual property regimes and rights. Does the intellectual property impede agricultural research conducted in, or of consequence for, developing countries? This question has important spatial dimensions that link the location of production, the pattern of international trade, and the jurisdiction of intellectual property. Our main conclusion is that the current concerns about the freedom to operate in agricultural research oriented towards food crops for the developing world are exaggerated. Rights to intellectual property are confined to the jurisdictions where they are granted, and, presently, many of the intellectual property (IP) rights for biotechnologies potentially useful to developing-country agricultural producers are valid only in developed countries. IP problems might arise in technologies destined for crops grown in developing countries unencumbered by IP restrictions, if those crops are subsequently exported to countries in which IP is likely to prevail. Thus freedom to trade is also part of the IP story. However, using international production and trade data in the 15 crops critical to food security throughout the developing world, we show that exports from developing to developed countries are generally dwarfed by production and consumption in the developing world, the value of these exports is concentrated in a few crops and a few exporting countries, and the bulk of these exports go to Western Europe. Thus for now, most LDS researchers can focus primarily on domestic IPR in determining their freedom to operate with respect to food staples. Undue concern with current freedom to operate is diverting attention from the lack of financial and technical support necessary for the effective generation, evaluation, adaption, and regulation of newly available technologies by public and international nonprofit breeders in LDSs, given the continued inability of private-sector research to fill the gap.
Pectin interaction with thermally modified starch affects physicochemical properties and digestibility of starch as revealed by logarithm of slop plot
Creators: name: Marta, Herlina
name: Cahyana, Yana
name: Djali, Mohamad
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Ecology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Interaction of pectin with starch modified by heat-moisture treatment (HMT) was evaluated. HMT preserved the presence of starch fractions with k1 and k2 (digestion rate constants at rapid and slow phase, respectively) being 4.5 and 0.42 × 10−2 min−1. Compared to the native starch, HMT starch had lower k1 and k2 probably due to the change in crystalline type. HMT increased total digestible starch from 1.02% in native to 27.23% in HMT starch. The decrease in k1 and/or k2 with the increase in pectin might be linked to the effect of viscosity or pectin–amylase interaction, while the decrease in digestible starch at rapid phase (C1∞) could be attributed to pectin–starch interaction. Pectin affected significantly water absorption capacity, syneresis, cohesiveness and gumminess of HMT starch but did not alter those of native starch. The effect of HMT on functional, textural and pasting properties was more remarkable than the effect of pectin.
The Evolutionary History of the Elliptical Galaxy NGC 1052
Creators: name: Pierce, Michael
name: Brodie, Jean P.
name: Forbes, Duncan A.
name: Beasley, Michael A.
name: Proctor, Robert
name: Strader, Jay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have obtained Keck spectra for 16 globular clusters (GCs) associated with the merger remnant elliptical NGC 1052, as well as a long-slit spectrum of the galaxy. We derive ages, metallicities and abundance ratios from simple stellar population models using the methods of Proctor & Sansom (2002), applied to extragalactic GCs for the first time. We find all of the GCs to be ~13 Gyr old according to simple stellar populations, with a large range of metallicities. From the galaxy spectrum we find NGC 1052 to have a luminosity-weighted central age of ~2 Gyr and metallicity of [Fe/H]~+0.6. No strong gradients in either age or metallicity were found to the maximum radius measured (~1 kpc). However, we do find a strong radial gradient in alpha-element abundance, which reaches a very high central value. The young central starburst age is consistent with the age inferred from the HI tidal tails and infalling gas of \~1 Gyr. Thus, although NGC 1052 shows substantial evidence for a recent merger and an associated starburst, it appears that the merger did not induce the formation of new GCs, perhaps suggesting that little recent star formation occurred. This interpretation is consistent with ``frosting'' models for early-type galaxy formation. (Abridged)
description: 14 Pages, 14 Figures, Accepted MNRAS, minor corrections to references
A Symmetry for the Cosmological Constant
Creators: name: Kaplan, David E.
name: Sundrum, Raman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a symmetry, schematically Energy -> - Energy, which suppresses matter contributions to the cosmological constant. The requisite negative energy fluctuations are identified with a "ghost" copy of the Standard Model. Gravity explicitly, but weakly, violates the symmetry, and naturalness requires General Relativity to break down at short distances with testable consequences. If this breakdown is accompanied by gravitational Lorentz-violation, the decay of flat spacetime by ghost production is acceptably slow. We show that inflation works in our scenario and can lead to the initial conditions required for standard Big Bang cosmology.
description: 18 pages, 3 figures, References corrected
Proteomic potential of East African Highland Bananas (EAHBs) for banana juice extraction: comparison between juice-producing and cooking cultivars
Creators: name: Majaliwa, Nuria
name: Kibazohi, Oscar
name: Alminger, Marie
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology

description: This study investigated the proteomic difference between juice-producing and cooking EAHBs to clarify the role of protein in the production of banana juice. A comparative study was carried out to determine protein content, molecular weight distributions, and amino acid profile of the pulps of ten different (five juice-producing and five cooking) banana cultivars. There was low variability in crude protein content of banana cultivars, the level fell within the range of 0.80 g/100 g to 1.02 g/100 g. SDS-PAGE results visualised that the cultivars had similar molecular weights, ranging between 10 kDa and 76 kDa. The HPLC analysis showed that the relative compositions of amino acids differed significantly (p ≤ .05) within and between juice-producing and cooking cultivars. Both banana cultivars had a significantly higher amount of glutamic and aspartic acids, but significantly lower concentrations of tyrosine, methionine. The results suggest that protein content, molecular weight, and amino acid composition of banana cultivars are not the major factors in determining a banana’s ability to release juice.
Nanotube-based systems for broadband optical limiting: towards an operational system
Creators: name: Izard, Nicolas
name: Riehl, Didier
name: Anglaret, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nanotube-based systems are good candidates for optical limiting against broadband laser pulses. We explore new routes to improve their limiting performances. We show that the diameter of the nanotubes is a key factor to control the performances. On the other hand, we demonstrate that chemically modified nanotubes can be mixed with organic chromophores, leading to high performance composite limiting systems which are particularly efficient in the nanosecond regime due to the cumulative effects of nonlinear scattering and multiphoton absorption.
PUBLIC INVESTMENT AND REGIONAL INEQUALITY IN RURAL CHINA
Creators: name: Zhang, Xiaobo
name: Fan, Shenggen
name: Zhang, Xiaobo
name: Fan, Shenggen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Public Economics

description: This paper develops a method for decomposing the contributions of various types of public investment on regional inequality and applies the method to rural China. Public investment are found to have contributed to production growth in both the agricultural and rural non-agricultural sectors, but their contributions to regional inequality have differed by type of investment and the region in which they are made. All types of investment in the least-developed western region reduce regional inequality, whereas additional investments in the coastal and central regions worsen regional inequality. Investments in rural education and agricultural R&D in the western region have the largest and most favorable impacts on reducing regional inequality.
Virtual Hawking Radiation
Creators: name: Goldberger, Walter D.
name: Rothstein, Ira Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the effects of off-shell Hawking radiation on scattering processes involving black holes coupled to quantum fields. The focus here is to the case of gravitational scattering of a scalar field mediated by the exchange of virtual Hawking gravitons from a four-dimensional Schwarzschild black hole. Our result is obtained in the context of a worldline effective field theory for the black hole, and is valid in the semi-classical limit where the Schwarzschild radius $r_s$ is larger than the Planck length $1/m_{Pl}$. In addition, we assume that four-momentum exchange $q$ is smaller than $r_s^{-1}$ and that the incoming particle has energy larger then the black hole's Hawking temperature. The inelastic cross section we obtain is a new, leading order quantum gravity effect, arising at the same order in $q^2/m_{Pl}^2$ as the well understood one-loop graviton vacuum polarization corrections to gravitational scattering between massive particles.
description: 11 pages LaTeX, 2 figures