Thaumasia xingu Cruz Da Silva & Carico 2012, new species
Creators: name: Cruz Da Silva, Estevam L.
name: Carico, James E.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Ochrophyta
Phaeophyceae
Fucales
Fucaceae
Thaumasia
Thaumasia xingu

description: Thaumasia xingu new species   
Figs 1, 20, 137–143  
 Types. Male holotype from Altamira, Xingu river, Pará, Brazil [03°11’S, 52°13’W], 01-07.X.1996, P. Spangler & O. Flint (USNM 2052863). Paratype: one female from Napo Province, Yasuni National Park, Ecuador [00°19’S, 77°48’W], VII.1996, A. I. Cognato (CAS 9036769).   
 Etymology. The specific name is noun in apposition and refers to the type locality.   
 Diagnosis. The males of T. xingu sp. nov. resemble those of T. annulipes (Fig. 52) in the bifurcated apex of the median apophysis, but can be distinguished by the acute tip of the median apophysis (Fig. 141) and by the lamellar anterior half of the ental branch of RTA (Fig. 143). The females resemble those of T. annulipes (Fig. 44) in the small projection of the middle field of the epigynum (Fig. 137), but can be distinguished by the heart-shaped middle field of the epigynum (Fig. 137) and by the circular shape of the copulatory duct (Fig. 138) and by the small head of spermathecae (Fig. 138).   
 Description. Male (Holotype, Pará, Brazil, USNM 2052863). Total length 8.37. Carapace 5.32 long, 5.05 wide, light brown; fovea marked. Clypeus light brown with a median irregular whitish patch, 0.82 high. Anterior eye row straight, 1.16 wide (Fig. 20); posterior recurved, 2.01 wide. Eye diameters, interdistances, and median ocular quadrangle: AME 0.22, ALE 0.15, PME 0.28, PLE 0.31; AME-AME 0.18, AME-ALE 0.14, PME-PME 0.32, PME-PLE 0.46, OQA 0.66, OQP 0.90, OQH 0.64. Chelicerae reddish-orange, laterally depressed; with a lateral tuft of white bristles (Fig. 20). Sternum yellow, bristly; 1.90 long, 1.99 wide. Labium dark brown, 0.66 long, 0.83 wide. Legs light brown; relative length: I-IV-II-III, I—femur 9.70/ patella-tibia 13.16/ metatarsus 8.51/ tarsus 3.85/ total 35.22; II—9.44/ 12.36/ 7.58/ 3.45/ 32.83; III—7.45/ 9.04/ 5.85/ 2.79/ 25.13; IV—9.41/ 11.57/ 8.24/ 3.99/ 33.21. Ventral pairs of macrosetae on tibiae: I-4; II-4; III-3; IV-4. Abdomen 3.99 long, light brown with two pair of sigillae. Venter yellow, with scattered bristles. Palpus with a bifurcated median apophysis (Figs 140, 141) and with a lamellar anterior half and ventrally curved ental branch of RTA (Figs 142, 143).   
Female (Paratype, Napo Province, Ecuador, CAS 9036769). Total length 9.70. Carapace 4.56 long, 4.15 wide, as in male. Clypeus yellow, 0.58 high. Anterior eye row straight, 1.04 wide; posterior recurved, 1.86 wide. Eye diameters, interdistances, and median ocular quadrangle: AME 0.23, ALE 0.12, PME 0.22, PLE 0.34; AME-AME 0.21, AME-ALE 0.12, PME-PME 0.36, PME-PLE 0.46, OQA 0.60, OQP 0.86, OQH 0.61. Chelicerae light brown, glabrous. Sternum yellow, 2.07 long, 2.15 wide. Labium as in male, 0.83 long, 0.74 wide. Legs yellow, unmarked; relative length: IV-I-II-III, I—femur 7.31/ patella-tibia 9.84/ metatarsus 6.38/ tarsus 3.05/ total 26.58; II—7.44/ 9.57/ 5.98/ 2.66/ 25.65; III—5.85/ 7.58/ 4.38/ 2.26/ 20.07; IV—7.98/ 9.59/ 6.91/ 3.32/ 27.80. Ventral pairs of macrosetae on tibiae: I-5; II-4; III-3; IV-4. Superior tarsal claw with eleven teeth and inferior with one tooth (Fig. 139). Abdomen 4.73 long, colouration as in male. Epigynum with a heart-shaped middle field (Fig. 137). Copulatory duct enlarged and distally curved (Fig. 138); head of spermathecae small (Fig. 138).  
 Material examined. ECUADOR, Pastaza: Cushueme river [01°37’S, 77°00’W], 2 ♀, 15-22. V.1971, B. Malkin (FMNH); Napo: Parque Nacional Yasuni [00°59’S, 75°26’W], 1 ♀, VII.1996, A. I. Cognato (CAS); Mondaña, 1 ♀, 24-28.VII.1996, A. I. Cognato (CAS). VENEZUELA, Amazonas: Cerro de la Neblina [00°50’N, 66°10’W], 05.II.1985, P. M. Spangler (USNM); Miranda: Guatopo National Park, Santa Cruzita [10°15’N, 66°25’W], 1 ♂, no date, J. A. Coddington (USNM); COLOMBIA, Amazonas: Pira river [00°25’S, 70°15’W], 1 ♀, 07-16.II.1989, V. & B. Roth (CAS), Leticia [04°11’S, 69°56’W], 1 ♂, 14-28.II.1974, S. & J. Peck (AMNH); Vaupés: Taraira, Taraira Lake [01°04’S, 69°24’W], 1 ♂, II-IV.2004, J. Pinzón (ICN). PERU, Madre de Dios: Zona Reservada de Manu, Pakitza [11°58’S, 71°18’W], 2 ♂, 1 ♀, 06.X.1987, D. Silva & J. A. Coddington (USNM); San Martín, Moyobamba, Comunidad Nativa “El Dorado” [05°44’58.26’’S, 77°17’21.54’’W], elevation 840m, 3 ♀, 08.X.2008, W. Paredes & C. Albujar (MUSM 505341), Yuracyacu [05°54’S, 77°10’W], elevation 821m, 4 ♂, 2 ♀, 13-15.IX.2008, W. Paredes & C. Albujar (MUSM 505338, 505350), Rioja, Bajo Naranjillo [05°49’S, 77°20’W], elevation 853m, 1 ♂, 23–24.IX.2008, W. Paredes & C. Albujar (MUSM 505329), Fundo Pabloyacu [06°04’S, 76°56’W], elevation 948m, 7 ♀, 19.IX.2008, W. Paredes & C. Albujar (MUSM 505340, 505349), Morro Calzada [06°02’S, 77°03’W], elevation 960m, 4 ♀, 17.IX.2008, W. Paredes & C. Albujar (MUSM 505319), Soritor, Caserio Paitoja [06°21’S, 77°04’W], elevation 1580m, 1 ♂, 31.VIII.2008, W. Paredes & C. Albujar (MUSM 505318), Rioja Paltoja, 2 ♀, 04.XII.2008, C. Albujar (MUSM 505332, 505334); Loreto: Maynas, Rio Nashino, 1 ♂, 25.XII.2008, R. Yawaroni (MUSM 505316). BRAZIL, Pará: Melgaço, Caxiuanã, Estação Científica Ferreira Penna, FLONA [01°44’S, 51°27’W], 1 ♀, no date, unknown collector (MPEG 15598); Altamira, Rio Xingu [03°39’S, 52°22’W], 1 ♂, 01-07.X.1986, P. Spangler & O. Flint (USNM); Amazonas: Manaus, Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke [03°06’S, 60°01’W], 1 ♂, 18.I.1994, A. D. Brescovit (MCN 25075), 1 ♂, 11.VII.1987, H. Höfer (INPA); Manicoré, Rio Atininga [05°48’S, 61°18’W], 1 ♂, 2 ♀, 19.IV.1996, Equipe IBSP / SMNK (IBSP 15437), 1 ♂, 3 ♀, 19.IV.1996, Equipe IBSP / SMNK (IBSP 15436); Rio Atininga [05°49’S, 61°18’W], 1 ♀, 19.IV.1996, Equipe IBSP / SMNK (SMNK 2063), 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 19.IV.1996, Equipe IBSP / SMNK (SMNK 1977); Acre: Rio Branco, Reserva Extrativista de Catuaba [09°58’S, 67°48’W], 1 ♂, 2 ♀, 04.IV.1996, Equipe IBSP / SMNK (IBSP 15939); Cruzeiro do Sul, Reserva Extrativista de Humaitá, 1 ♂, 2 ♀, 12.IV.1996, Equipe IBSP / SMNK (IBSP 15707), 1 ♀, 12.IV.1996, Equipe IBSP / SMNK (SMNK 2009); Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor [07°39’S, 72°39’W], 1 ♂, 2 ♀, 19.III.1997, L. Resende & S. Vieira (IBSP 12107); Mato Grosso: Aripuanã, Chapada Dardanelos [10°10’S; 59°27’W], 2 ♀, 02-13.XI.1996, G. Skuk (MZSP 15412);Vila Murtinho, 1 ♂, 05.IV.1925, J. H. Williamson (MCZ); Vale São Domingos, Pontes & Lacerda, Usina Hidrelétrica de Guaporé, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, X.1999, Equipe Resgate (IBSP 41521); Mato Grosso do Sul: Nossa Senhora do Livramento, Pirizal, Pantanal de Poconé, Fazenda Retiro Novo [16°15’S, 56°36’W], 1 ♀, I.2004, L. D. Battirola (IBSP 91767).   
 Distribution. Ecuador, Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Brazil (Fig. 4).
description: Published as part of Cruz Da Silva, Estevam L. & Carico, James E., 2012, 3567, pp. 1-64 in Zootaxa 3567 on pages 24-26