cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Assessing risk for HIV infection among adolescent girls in South Africa: an evaluation of the VOICE risk score (HPTN 068)
Creators: name: Kahn, K.
name: MacPhail, C.
name: Wagner, R.
name: Wang, J.
name: Hughes, J.P.
name: Piwowar-Manning, E.
name: Giovenco, D.
name: Pettifor, A.
Publisher: name: John Wiley and Sons Inc.
Year: 2019

description: Introduction: To maximize impact and minimize costs, antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) interventions should be offered to those at highest risk for HIV infection. The risk score derived from the VOICE trial is one tool currently being utilized to determine eligibility in adolescent PrEP trials in sub-Saharan Africa. This study is aimed at evaluating the utility of the risk score in predicting HIV incidence among a cohort of adolescent girls in rural South Africa. Methods: We utilized data from HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 068, a phase III randomized controlled trial conducted in rural Mpumalanga province, South Africa. School-attending young women aged 13 to 20 years were enrolled into the trial from 2011 to 2012 and followed for up to three years. A risk score based on individual-level risk factors measured at enrolment was calculated for HPTN 068 participants who completed a one-year follow-up visit and were HIV seronegative at enrolment. Possible scores ranged from 0 to 10. A proportional hazards model was then used to determine if risk score at enrolment was predictive of incident HIV infection at follow-up and an area under the curve analysis was used to examine the predictive ability of the score. Results and Discussion: The risk score had limited variability in the HPTN 068 sample. Scores ≥5 identified 85% of incident infections from 94% of the sample, compared to the VOICE sample in which scores ≥5 identified 91% of incident infections from only 64% of participants. The risk score did not predict HIV incidence after one year of follow-up (hazard ratio = 1.029; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.704, 1.503, p =.884) and showed poor predictive ability (area under the curve = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.44, 0.65). Certain individual risk factors that comprise the risk score may be context specific or not relevant for adolescent populations. Additional factors should be considered when assessing risk for the purposes of determining PrEP eligibility. Conclusions: The VOICE risk score demonstrated low utility to predict HIV incidence in the HPTN 068 sample. Findings highlight the need for an age and developmentally appropriate tool for assessing risk for HIV infection among adolescents. Use of the VOICE risk score for determining PrEP eligibility in younger populations should be carefully considered.
The Deepest Constraints on Radio and X-ray Magnetic Activity in Ultracool Dwarfs from WISE J104915.57-531906.1
Creators: name: Osten, R. A.
name: Melis, C.
name: Stelzer, B.
name: Bannister, K. W.
name: Radigan, J.
name: Burgasser, A. J.
name: Wolszczan, A.
name: Luhman, K. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report upper limits to the radio and X-ray emission from the newly discovered ultracool dwarf binary WISE J104915.57$-$531906.1 (Luhman 16AB). As the nearest ultracool dwarf binary (2 pc), its proximity offers a hefty advantage to studying plasma processes in ultracool dwarfs which are more similar in gross properties (radius, mass, temperature) to the solar system giant planets than stars. The radio and X-ray emission upper limits from the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) and Chandra observations, each spanning multiple rotation periods, provide the deepest fractional radio and X-ray luminosities to date on an ultracool dwarf, with $\log{(L_{\rm r,ν}/L_{\rm bol}) [Hz^{-1}]} < -18.1$ (5.5 GHz), $\log{(L_{\rm r,ν}/L_{\rm bol}) [Hz^{-1}]} < -17.9$ (9 GHz), and $\log{(L_{\rm x}/L_{\rm bol})} < -5.7$. While the radio upper limits alone do not allow for a constraint on the magnetic field strength, we limit the size of any coherently emitting region in our line of sight to less than 0.2\% of the radius of one of the brown dwarfs. Any source of incoherent emission must span less than about 20\% of the brown dwarf radius, assuming magnetic field strengths of a few tens to a few hundred Gauss. The fast rotation and large amplitude photometric variability exhibited by the T dwarf in the Luhman 16AB system are not accompanied by enhanced nonthermal radio emission, nor enhanced heating to coronal temperatures, as observed on some higher mass ultracool dwarfs, confirming the expected decoupling of matter and magnetic field in cool neutral atmospheres.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Size and Quality of Quantum Mechanical Data Sets for Training Neural Network Force Fields for Liquid Water
Creators: name: Gomes-Filho, Márcio S.
name: Torres, Alberto
name: Rocha, Alexandre Reily
name: Pedroza, Luana S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular dynamics simulations have been used in different scientific fields to investigate a broad range of physical systems. However, the accuracy of calculation is based on the model considered to describe the atomic interactions. In particular, ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) has the accuracy of density functional theory (DFT), and thus is limited to small systems and relatively short simulation time. In this scenario, Neural Network Force Fields (NNFF) have an important role, since it provides a way to circumvent these caveats. In this work we investigate NNFF designed at the level of DFT to describe liquid water, focusing on the size and quality of the training data-set considered. We show that structural properties are less dependent on the size of the training data-set compared to dynamical ones (such as the diffusion coefficient), and a good sampling (selecting data reference for training process) can lead to a small sample with good precision.
UNE LARVE DE SPATANGIDE ECHINOPLUTEUS SOLIDUS (MORTENSEN), DU PLANCTON DE VILLEFRANCHE-SUR-MER
Creators: name: PÉNAUX, Lucienne
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1961

description: In 1855, Müller described a new larva of Spatangide specified by Mortensen (1898) under the name of Echino plut eus solidus.
— This larva is charaterized by well developped posterolateral arms and non fenestrated postoral and posterodorsal skeletal rods. The posterior rod is simple at the base, then fenestrated.
— Five larval stages have been describes (Rees nomenclature), each of them characterized by new skeletal details.
— This larva has been compared with the larvae of the Spatangides known in Mediterranean sea. It would come nearest to E. cordatum and E. flavescens than so S. purpureus and B. lyrifera. It is possible that is would be the echinopluteus of E. mediterraneum or of E. mortenseni.
Stakeholder mapping report, covering the case studies. Deliverable D1.1 of the EU Horizon 2020 project OPTAIN.
Creators: name: Van den Brink, Cors
name: De Vries, Alma
name: Nesheim, Ingrid
name: Enge, Caroline
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: OPTAIN
stakeholder engagement
case studies
multi-actor approach
Multi-Actor Reference Group (MARG)
stakeholder mapping
H2020
NSWRM
NWRM
water
agriculture
retention measure

description: Deliverable report D1.1 of the EU Horizon 2020 Project OPTAIN (Grant agreement No. 862756) Summary: The lead of the first Work Package (WP1) in OPTAIN coordinates and harmonizes stakeholder activities and ensures the link between the 14 OPTAIN case studies, research and modelling work across all WPs. At the start of the OPTAIN project, WP1 facilitates the establishment of Multi-Actor Reference Groups (MARG) in each case study and provides communication techniques to encourage active stakeholder engagement for the lifetime of OPTAIN. Stakeholder engagement is important because a sound scientific solution not necessarily results in solving a real-world problem. Key lesson learned is that engagement of stakeholders is essential during all phases of the project: the phase of the identification of the problem, assessment of the problem, scenarios to solve the problem and in the phase of implementing the solution. The purpose of the stakeholder mapping activity is to identify possible and relevant stakeholders for the reference group, the MARG. Applying a top-down approach, the different case study leaders have been responsible for identifying stakeholders and to categorise them according to pre-defined categories. The pre-defined categories were used as a framework to enable a comparative analytical approach of the case studies, as presented in this report. The various stakeholders may or may not be contacted as part of the mapping exercise. More relevant stakeholders are likely to "appear" during the project period. Then, the concerning stakeholder information should be added to this table for project record. The need for case study leaders (CSL) to consider the intended engagement role for stakeholders in the project research cycle was emphasized when identifying and prioritising stakeholders for involvement. It is expected that the number of stakeholders involved in each case study will increase during the project period and that the current stakeholders identified for participation in the MARGs may change. This stakeholder mapping report is prepared prior to the actual engagement activities in the project.
The Relationship Between Economic Deprivation, Housing Instability and Transactional Sex Among Women in North Carolina (HPTN 064)
Creators: name: Haley, D.F.
name: Golin, C.E.
name: Stoner, M.C.D.
name: Adimora, A.A.
name: Pettifor, A.
Publisher: name: Springer New York LLC
Year: 2019

description: Transactional sex is associated with socioeconomic disadvantage and HIV risk but few studies in the United States (US) have examined both individual and area-level predictors of transactional sex or distinguished transactional sex from sex work. We combined data from HIV Prevention Trials Network 064 study and the US Census to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) for the relationship between census-level and individual measures of economic deprivation and housing instability on transactional sex in 417 women in North Carolina. Increased transactional sex was associated with food insecurity (PR 1.86; 95%; CI 1.57, 2.19), housing instability (PR 1.33; 95% CI 1.11, 1.59), substance abuse (PR 1.90; 95% CI 1.64, 2.19) and partner incarceration (PR 1.32; 95% CI 1.09, 1.61). Census-level indicators were not associated with transactional sex, adjusted for individual-level covariates. Interventions should support housing stability and financial opportunities among southern African American women to reduce HIV risk, particularly among women with incarcerated partners.
(364) Francis Kean
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Gender Norms and HIV Testing/Treatment Uptake: Evidence from a Large Population-Based Sample in South Africa
Creators: name: Kahn, K.
name: Twine, R.
name: Gómez-Olivé, X.
name: Pulerwitz, J.
name: Gottert, A.
name: Julien, A.
name: Haberland, N.
name: Lippman, S.A.
name: Pettifor, A.
name: Peacock, D.
name: Selin, A.
Publisher: name: Springer New York LLC
Year: 2019

description: How does the endorsement of different dimensions of gender norms by men and/or women influence their use of HIV testing and antiretroviral treatment? This question was examined using data from a 2014 population-based survey of 1053 women and 1004 men, ages 18–49, in rural South Africa. We used a global measure for views toward gender norms (the GEM Scale), plus four subsets of scale items (all reliabilities ≥ 0.7). In multivariate analyses using the global measure, endorsement of inequitable gender norms was associated with more testing (AOR 2.47, p < 0.01) and less treatment use (AOR 0.15, p < 0.01) among women but not men. When examining specific subsets of inequitable norms (e.g., endorsing men as the primary decision-maker), decreased odds of treatment use was found for men as well (AOR 0.18, p < 0.01). Careful attention to the role specific gender norms play in HIV service uptake can yield useful programmatic recommendations.
title:  Esecuzione delle pronunce CEDU e ‘riapertura’ del procedimento e del processo amministrativo: verso una nuova ipotesi di revocazione?
Creators: name: Simonetti, Hadrian
Publisher: name: Roma TrE-Press
Year: 2016

description: Lo scritto, che costituisce una versione riveduta e corretta dell’intervento svolto all’Incontro tra i Consigli di Stato italiano e francese tenutosi a Roma il 9 ottobre 2015, muove dall’inquadramento generale del sistema di esecuzione delle pronunce CEDU e dall’accentuarsi, nel corso del tempo, delle forme di restitutio in integrum; per poi esaminare quali conseguenze specifiche questa linea di tendenza generale possa determinare sia sui poteri di autotutela delle pubbliche amministrazioni che all’interno del giudizio amministrativo. In tale secondo ambito è al vaglio della Corte costituzionale la possibilità di introdurre, attraverso una sentenza di tipo additivo sull’esempio della n. 113/2011, una nuova ipotesi di revocazione del giudicato amministrativo, laddove in contrasto con una pronuncia CEDU.
description: Scritti dedicati a Maurizio Converso
Some new aspects of first integrals and symmetries for central force dynamics
Creators: name: Anco, Stephen C.
name: Meadows, Tyler
name: Pascuzzi, Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For the general central force equations of motion in $n>1$ dimensions, a complete set of $2n$ first integrals is derived in an explicit algorithmic way without the use of dynamical symmetries or Noether's theorem. The derivation uses the polar formulation of the equations of motion and yields energy, angular momentum, a generalized Laplace-Rugge-Lenz vector, and a temporal quantity involving the time variable explicitly. A variant of the general Laplace-Rugge-Lenz vector, which generalizes Hamilton's eccentricity vector, is also obtained. The physical meaning of the general Laplace-Rugge-Lenz vector, its variant, and the temporal quantity are discussed for general central forces. Their properties are compared for precessing bounded trajectories versus non-precessing bounded trajectories, as well as unbounded trajectories, by considering an inverse-square force (Kepler problem) and a cubically perturbed inverse-square force (Newtonian revolving orbit problem).
description: 41 pages. Minor typos corrected. Published version
Friendships Among Young South African Women, Sexual Behaviours and Connections to Sexual Partners (HPTN 068)
Creators: name: Gómez-Olivé, F.X.
name: Selin, A.
name: Fearon, E.
name: Hargreaves, J.R.
name: Pettifor, A.E.
name: MacPhail, C.
name: Kahn, K.
name: Wiggins, R.D.
Publisher: name: Springer New York LLC
Year: 2019

description: Friends could be influential on young women’s sexual health via influences on sexual behaviours and as connections to sexual partners, but are understudied in sub-Saharan Africa. We cross-sectionally surveyed 2326 13–20 year-old young women eligible for grades 8–11 in rural South Africa about their sexual behaviour and up to three sexual partners. Participants each described five specific but unidentified friends and the relationships between them in an ‘egocentric’ network analysis design. We used logistic regression to investigate associations between friendship characteristics and participants’ reports of ever having had sex (n = 2326) and recent condom use (n = 457). We used linear regression with random effects by participant to investigate friendship characteristics and age differences with sexual partners (n = 633 participants, 1051 partners). We found that it was common for friends to introduce young women to those who later became sexual partners, and having older friends was associated with having older sexual partners, (increase of 0.37 years per friend at least 1 year older, 95% CI 0.21–0.52, adjusted). Young women were more likely to report ever having had sex when more friends were perceived to be sexually active (adjusted OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.72–2.01 per friend) and when they discussed sex, condoms and HIV with friends. Perception of friends’ condom use was not associated with participants’ reported condom use. While this study is preliminary and unique in this population and further research should be conducted, social connections between friends and sexual partners and perceptions of friend sexual behaviours could be considered in the design of sexual health interventions for young women in South Africa.
(365) Ann McEvoy
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Finite key size analysis of two-way quantum cryptography
Creators: name: Shaari, Jesni Shamsul
name: Mancini, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum cryptographic protocols solve the longstanding problem of distributing a shared secret string to two distant users by typically making use of one-way quantum channel. However, alternative protocols exploiting two-way quantum channel have been proposed for the same goal and with potential advantages. Here we overview a security proof for two-way quantum key distribution protocols, against the most general eavesdropping attack, that utilize an entropic uncertainty relation. Then, by resorting to the `smooth' version of involved entropies, we extend such a proof to the case of finite key size. The results will be compared to those available for one-way protocols showing some advantages.
Cash Transfers, Young Women’s Economic Well-Being, and HIV Risk: Evidence from HPTN 068
Creators: name: Kilburn, K.
name: Hughes, J.P.
name: Wagner, R.G.
name: Gómez-Olivé, F.X.
name: MacPhail, C.
name: Pettifor, A.
name: Kahn, K.
Publisher: name: Springer New York LLC
Year: 2019

description: Despite the large interest in economic interventions to reduce HIV risk, little research has been done to show whether there are economic gains of these interventions for younger women and what intermediary role economic resources play in changing participants’ sexual behavior. This paper contributes to this gap by examining the impacts of a conditional cash transfer (CCT) for young women in South Africa on young women’s economic resources and the extent to which they play a role in young women’s health and behavior. We used data from HIV Prevention Trials Network 068 study, which provided transfers to young women (in addition to their parents) conditional on the young woman attending at least 80% of school days in the previous month. We found that the CCT increased young women’s economic wellbeing in terms of having savings, spending money, being unindebted, and food secure. We also investigated heterogeneous effects of the program by household economic status at baseline because the program was not specifically poverty targeted and found that the results were driven by young women from the poorest families. From these results, we examined heterogeneity by baseline poverty for other outcomes related to HIV risk including sexual behavior and psychosocial well-being. We found psychosocial well-being benefits in young women from the poorest families and that economic wellbeing gains explained much these impacts.
GONOPHYSEMA GULLMARENSIS (COPEPODA PARASITICA). An anatomical and biological study of an endoparasite living in the ascidian Ascidiella aspersa. II. BIOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT
Creators: name: BRESCIANI, José
name: LÜTZEN, Jörgen
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1961

Abstract
title:  La vendita forzata immobiliare riformata dal decreto legge n. 83 del 2015
Creators: name: Spada, Maria Laura
Publisher: name: Roma TrE-Press
Year: 2016

description: Il presente contributo analizza le recenti e numerose modifiche apportate nell’ambito della vendita forzata immobiliare dal d.l. 83/2015 convertito con modificazioni dalla legge n. 132/2015.
description: Scritti dedicati a Maurizio Converso
AfriDx D2.1 - Define end-user needs including the number of NAT systems and chips require for clinical testing
Creators: name: Sakyi, Samuel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: Description of end-user needs for KNUST, KCCR and NMIMR including the number of NAT systems and chips require for clinical testing of SARS-COV 2.
description: The AfriDx project has been funded by EDCTP and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant number RIA2020EF - 2918.
Imprints of scalar NSI on the CP-violation sensitivity using synergy among DUNE, T2HK and T2HKK
Creators: name: Medhi, Abinash
name: Devi, Moon Moon
name: Dutta, Debajyoti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Non-Standard Interactions (NSIs) are subdominant effects, often appearing in various extensions of SM, which may impact the neutrino oscillations through matter. It is important and interesting to explore the impact of NSIs in the ongoing and upcoming precise neutrino oscillations experiments. In this work, we have studied the imprints of a scalar-mediated NSI in three upcoming long-baseline (LBL) experiments (DUNE, T2HK, T2HKK). The effects of scalar NSI appears as a medium-dependent correction to the neutrino mass term. Its contribution scales linearly with matter density, making LBL experiments a suitable candidate to probe its effects. We show that the scalar NSI may significantly impact the oscillation probabilities, event rates at the detectors and the $χ^2$-sensitivities of $δ_{CP}$ measurements. We present the results of a combined analysis involving the LBL experiments (DUNE+T2HK, DUNE+T2HKK, DUNE+T2HK+T2HKK) which offer a better capability of constraining the scalar NSI parameters as well as an improved sensitivity towards CP-violation.
description: 29 pages, 9 figures, Accepted for publication in JHEP
(366) Catherine Kelly
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title:  L’eccesso di potere fra diritto amministrativo e tutela giurisdizionale
Creators: name: Travi, Aldo
Publisher: name: Roma TrE-Press
Year: 2016

description: L’autore pone in evidenza la stretta relazione fra la nozione di eccesso di potere e la disciplina processuale, e rileva come siano in atto vari tentativi per rendere meno efficace la tutela del cittadino nei confronti della pubblica amministrazione, proprio riducendo le garanzie nei confronti dell’eccesso di potere.
description: Scritti dedicati a Maurizio Converso
Asymptotic behaviour of certain families of harmonic bundles on Riemann surfaces
Creators: name: Mochizuki, Takuro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14H60, 53C07

description: Let $(E,\overline{\partial}_E,θ)$ be a stable Higgs bundle of degree $0$ on a compact connected Riemann surface. Once we fix the flat metric $h_{\det(E)}$ on the determinant of $E$, we have the harmonic metrics $h_t$ $(t>0)$ for the stable Higgs bundles $(E,\overline{\partial}_E,tθ)$ such that $\det(h_t)=h_{\det(E)}$. We study the behaviour of $h_t$ when $t$ goes to $\infty$. First, we show that the Hitchin equation is asymptotically decoupled under the assumption that the Higgs field is generically regular semisimple. We apply it to the study of the so called Hitchin WKB-problem. Second, we study the convergence of the sequence $(E,\overline{\partial}_E,θ,h_t)$ in the case where the rank of $E$ is two. We introduce a rule to determine the parabolic weights of a "limiting configuration", and we show the convergence of the sequence to the limiting configuration in an appropriate sense. The results can be appropriately generalized in the context of Higgs bundles with a Hermitian-Einstein metric on curves.
The Relationship Between School Dropout and Pregnancy Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in South Africa: A HPTN 068 Analysis
Creators: name: MacPhail, C.
name: Kahn, K.
name: Gomez-Olive, F.X.
name: Selin, A.
name: Agyei, Y.
name: Hughes, J.P.
name: Edwards, J.K.
name: Pettifor, A.
name: Stoner, M.C.D.
name: Rucinski, K.B.
name: Wang, J.
Publisher: name: SAGE Publications Inc.
Year: 2019

description: Background. Prevention of both school dropout and teen pregnancy represent clear public health priorities for South Africa, yet their complex and potentially cyclical relationship has not been fully explored. Objective. To further understand how this relationship operates, we analyzed data from a randomized trial of young women aged 13 to 20 years enrolled in school in rural South Africa to estimate the association between pregnancy and subsequent dropout and between dropout and subsequent pregnancy. Method. We examined inverse probability (IP) of exposure-weighted survival curves for school dropout by pregnancy and for pregnancy by school dropout. We used weighted curves to calculate 1-, 2-, and 3-year risk differences and risk ratios. Additionally, we used an IP-weighted marginal structural cox model to estimate a hazard ratio (HR) for each relationship. Results. Dropout from school was associated with subsequent pregnancy (HR 3.58; 95% confidence interval [CI] [2.04, 6.28]) and pregnancy was associated with subsequent school dropout (HR 2.36; 95% CI [1.29, 4.31]). Young women who attended school but attended fewer days had a higher hazard of pregnancy than those who attended more school (HR 3.64; 95% CI [2.27, 5.84]). Conclusion. Pregnancy is both a cause and a consequence of school dropout. Consideration of school attendance and academic performance could ultimately enhance pregnancy prevention efforts in this population. Programs should be tailored differently for (1) girls who have dropped out of school, (2) those who are in school and at risk for pregnancy, and (3) those who are in school and become pregnant.
On modal observers for beyond rigid body $H_\infty$ control in high-precision mechatronics
Creators: name: Broens, Yorick
name: Butler, Hans
name: Tóth, Roland
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: J.2; G.2.0
subject: 37M15

description: The ever increasing need for performance results in increasingly rigorous demands on throughput and positioning accuracy of high-precision motion systems, which often suffer from position dependent effects that originate from relative actuation and sensing of the moving-body. Due to the highly stiff mechanical design, such systems are typically controlled using rigid body control design approaches. Nonetheless, the presence of position dependent flexible dynamics severely limits attainable position tracking performance. This paper presents two extensions of the conventional rigid body control framework towards active control of position dependent flexible dynamics. Additionally, a novel control design approach is presented, which allows for shaping of the full closed-loop system by means of structured $H_\infty$ co-design. The effectiveness of the approach is validated through simulation using a high-fidelity model of a state-of-the-art moving-magnet planar actuator.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures
Reconstruction of Three-dimensional Scroll Waves in Excitable Media from Two-Dimensional Observations using Deep Neural Networks
Creators: name: Lebert, Jan
name: Mittal, Meenakshi
name: Christoph, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scroll wave chaos is thought to underlie life-threatening ventricular fibrillation. However, currently there is no direct way to measure action potential wave patterns transmurally throughout the thick ventricular heart muscle. Consequently, direct observations of three-dimensional electrical scroll waves remains elusive. Here, we study whether it is possible to reconstruct simulated scroll waves and scroll wave chaos using deep learning. We trained encoding-decoding convolutional neural networks to predict three-dimensional scroll wave dynamics inside bulk-shaped excitable media from two-dimensional observations of the wave dynamics on the bulk's surface. We tested whether observations from one or two opposing surfaces would be sufficient, and whether transparency or measurements of surface deformations enhances the reconstruction. Further, we evaluated the approach's robustness against noise and tested the feasibility of predicting the bulk's thickness. We distinguished isotropic and anisotropic, as well as opaque and transparent excitable media as models for cardiac tissue and the Belousov-Zhabotinsky chemical reaction, respectively. While we demonstrate that it is possible to reconstruct three-dimensional scroll wave dynamics, we also show that it is challenging to reconstruct complicated scroll wave chaos and that prediction outcomes depend on various factors such as transparency, anisotropy and ultimately the thickness of the medium compared to the size of the scroll waves. In particular, we found that anisotropy provides crucial information for neural networks to decode depth, which facilitates the reconstructions. In the future, deep neural networks could be used to visualize intramural action potential wave patterns from epi- or endocardial measurements.
LA RÉPARTITION DES FONDS SOUS - MARINS DANS LA MANCHE OCCIDENTALE
Creators: name: BOILLOT, Gilbert
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1961

description: The author describes the sediments of the Channel and their distribution. Some are organogenous and calcareous: they can be distinguished by their contents in Bryozoa, which are numerous by the Atlantic Ocean and where streams are strong. Others are mechanical and silicious: they proceed from submarine abrasion of ancient rocks, and this leads us to the geologic study of the bottom. Some quaternary, residual soils, from marine or continental origin, give precious indications about the recent history of the Channel and adjacent continental shelves.
An investigation into the feasibility and viability of the mechanisation of a bedding warehouse
Creators: name: Hindley, Guy N.
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 99999 Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies

description: An investigation into the feasibility and viability of the mechanisation of a bedding warehouse
Quantum simulation of the Anderson Hamiltonian with an array of coupled nanoresonators: delocalization and thermalization effects
Creators: name: Lozada-Vera, J.
name: Carrillo, A.
name: Neto, O. P. de Sá
name: Moqadam, J. Khatibi
name: LaHaye, M. D.
name: de Oliveira, M. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The possibility of using nanoelectromechanical systems as a simulation tool for quantum many-body effects is explored. It is demonstrated that an array of electrostatically coupled nanoresonators can effectively simulate the Bose-Hubbard model without interactions, corresponding in the single-phonon regime to the Anderson tight-binding model. Employing a density matrix formalism for the system coupled to a bosonic thermal bath, we study the interplay between disorder and thermalization, focusing on the delocalization process. It is found that the phonon population remains localized for a long time at low enough temperatures; with increasing temperatures the localization is rapidly lost due to thermal pumping of excitations into the array, producing in the equilibrium a fully thermalized system. Finally, we consider a possible experimental design to measure the phonon population in the array by means of a superconducting transmon qubit coupled to individual nanoresonators. We also consider the possibility of using the proposed quantum simulator for realizing continuous-time quantum walks.
description: Replaced with new improved version. To appear in EPJ QT
(360) Clarissa Carstairs Reynolds
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
LE NÉMATODE PARASITE DE MOUETTES, PARACUARIA MACDONALDI RAO 1951, EST UNE FORME DE PASSAGE ENTRE HABRONEMATINAE ET ACUARIINAE
Creators: name: CHABAUD, Alain G.
name: CZAPLINSKI, Bogdan
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1961

description: Paracuaria macdonaldi described from Larus argentatus in Canada has been found again in the same host at Roscoff. This Nematode, which is the most primitive species known in Acuariinae has a cephalic structure which is in direct accordance with those from Habronematinae. The two lips and the two pseudo-lips are connected by a translucid membrane which seems to be the origine of the cuticular cordons of the Acuariinae. The species thus allows to strictlydefinite the origin of the sub-family and to more clearly undestand the cordons of the Acuarids.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 Transmission among Persons with Acute HIV-1 Infection in Malawi: Demographic, Behavioral, and Phylogenetic Relationships
Creators: name: Cohen, M.S.
name: Nsona, D.
name: Dennis, A.M.
name: Miller, W.C.
name: Powers, K.A.
name: Pettifor, A.E.
name: Hoffman, I.F.
name: Hosseinipour, M.C.
name: Rutstein, S.E.
name: Kamanga, G.
name: Pasquale, D.K.
name: Phiri, S.
name: Massa, C.
name: Rucinski, K.B.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2019

description: Background: Understanding sexual networks involving acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infections (AHI) may lead to prevention opportunities to mitigate high rates of onward transmission. We evaluated HIV-1 phylogenetic and behavioral characteristics among persons with AHI and their referred partners. Methods: Between 2012 and 2014, 46 persons with AHI in Malawi participated in a combined behavioral and biomedical intervention. Participants referred sexual partners by passive referral. Demographics and sexual behaviors were collected through interviews and HIV-1 genetic relationships were assessed with phylogenetics. Results: Among 45 AHI participants with HIV-1 sequences, none was phylogenetically-linked with another AHI index. There were 19 (42%) AHI participants who referred a single partner that returned for testing. Most partners (n = 17) were HIV-infected, with 15 (88%) presenting with an established infection. There were 14 index-partner pairs that had sequences available; 13 (93%) pairs were phylogenetically-linked dyads. The AHI index was female in 7/13 (54%) dyads. Age-disparate relationships among dyads were common (≥5-year age difference in 67% of dyads), including 3/6 dyads involving a male index and a younger woman. Index participants with a referred partner were more likely to report no casual partners and to be living with their current partner than participants not in dyads. Conclusions: Passive-partner referral successfully identified partners with genetically-similar HIV infections - the likely source of infection - but only 40% of index cases referred partners who presented for HIV-1 testing. Future work evaluating assisted partner notification may help reach susceptible partners or more people with untreated HIV-1 infections connected to acute transmission. Clinical Trials Registration: NCT01450189.
Free-fermion Page Curve: Canonical Typicality and Dynamical Emergence
Creators: name: Yu, Xie-Hang
name: Gong, Zongping
name: Cirac, J. Ignacio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide further analytical insights into the newly established noninteracting (free-fermion) Page curve, focusing on both the kinematic and dynamical aspects. First, we unveil the underlying canonical typicality and atypicality for random free-fermion states. The former appears for a small subsystem and is exponentially weaker than the well-known result in the interacting case. The latter explains why the free-fermion Page curve differs remarkably from the interacting one when the subsystem is macroscopically large, i.e., comparable with the entire system. Second, we find that the free-fermion Page curve emerges with unexpectedly high accuracy in some simple tight binding models in long-time quench dynamics. This contributes a rare analytical result concerning quantum thermalization on a macroscopic scale, where conventional paradigms such as the generalized Gibbs ensemble and quasi-particle picture are not applicable.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures
Muon-induced background to proton decay in the $p \rightarrow K^{+}ν$ decay channel with large underground liquid argon TPC detectors
Creators: name: Klinger, J.
name: Kudryavtsev, V. A.
name: Richardson, M.
name: Spooner, N. J. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Large liquid argon TPC detector programs such as LBNE and LAGUNA-LBNO will be able to make measurements of the proton lifetime which will outperform Cherenkov detectors in the proton decay channel $p \rightarrow K^{+}ν$. At the large depths which are proposed for such experiments, a non-negligible source of isolated charged kaons may be produced in the showers of cosmogenic muons. We present an estimate of the cosmogenic muon background to proton decay in the $p \rightarrow K^{+}ν$ channel. The simulation of muon transport to a depth of 4 km w.e, is performed in the MUSIC framework and the propagation of muons and secondary particles through to a cylindrical 20 kt LAr target is performed using Geant4. An exposure time of 100 years is considered, with a rate of $< 0.0012$ events/kt/year at 90$\%$ CL predicted from our simulations.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in Physics Letters B
Age-disparate partnerships and incident HIV infection in adolescent girls and young women in rural South Africa
Creators: name: Nguyen, N.
name: Edwards, J.K.
name: Kahn, K.
name: Hughes, J.P.
name: Agyei, Y.
name: Kilburn, K.
name: Selin, A.
name: Pettifor, A.
name: Stoner, M.C.D.
name: Gómez-Olivé, F.X.
name: Macphail, C.
Publisher: name: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
Year: 2019

description: Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) have a much higher risk of HIV infection than young men of the same age. One hypothesis for this disparity is AGYW are more likely to be in sexual partnerships with older men with HIV; however, evidence has been inconclusive. Design: We used longitudinal data from a randomized trial in South Africa (HPTN 068) to determined whether partner age difference is associated with incident HIV infection in AGYW. Methods: Age difference was examined continuously and dichotomously (≥5 years). We examined inverse probability of exposure weighted survival curves and calculated time-specific risk differences and risk ratios over 5.5 years of follow-up. We also used a marginal structural Cox model to estimate hazard ratios over the entire study period. Results: Risk of HIV was higher in AGYW with an age-disparate partnership versus not and the risk difference was largest at later time points. At 5.5 years, AGYW with an age-disparate partnership had a 12.6% (95% confidence interval 1.9-23.3) higher risk than AGYW with no age-disparate partnerships. The weighted hazard ratio was 1.91 (95% confidence interval 1.33-2.74), an association that remained after weighting for either transactional or condomless sex, and after examining continuous age-differences. Conclusion: Age-disparate partnerships increased risk of HIV infection, even after accounting for transactional sex and condomless sex. The relationship between age-disparate partnerships and HIV infection may be explained by increased exposure to infection from men in a higher HIV prevalence pool rather than differences in sexual behaviour within these partnerships.
Quantum Annealing for Constrained Optimization
Creators: name: Hen, Itay
name: Spedalieri, Federico M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent advances in quantum technology have led to the development and manufacturing of experimental programmable quantum annealers that promise to solve certain combinatorial optimization problems of practical relevance faster than their classical analogues. The applicability of such devices for many theoretical and real-world optimization problems, which are often constrained, is severely limited by the sparse, rigid layout of the devices' quantum bits. Traditionally, constraints are addressed by the addition of penalty terms to the Hamiltonian of the problem, which in turn requires prohibitively increasing physical resources while also restricting the dynamical range of the interactions. Here, we propose a method for encoding constrained optimization problems on quantum annealers that eliminates the need for penalty terms and thereby reduces the number of required couplers and removes the need for minor embedding, greatly reducing the number of required physical qubits. We argue the advantages of the proposed technique and illustrate its effectiveness. We conclude by discussing the experimental feasibility of the suggested method as well as its potential to appreciably reduce the resource requirements for implementing optimization problems on quantum annealers, and its significance in the field of quantum computing.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Characteristics Associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Transmission Networks Involving Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Prevention Trials Network 068 Study
Creators: name: Kahn, K.
name: Pettifor, A.
name: Gómez-Olivé, F.X.
name: Dennis, A.M.
name: Sivay, M.V.
name: Hudelson, S.E.
name: Eshleman, S.H.
name: Stoner, M.C.D.
name: Macphail, C.
name: Piwowar-Manning, E.
name: Hughes, J.P.
name: Grabowski, M.K.
Publisher: name: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
Year: 2019

description: We combined behavioral survey data from the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Prevention Trials Network 068 study with phylogenetic information to determine if cluster membership was associated with characteristics of young women and their partners. Clusters were more likely to involve young women from specific villages and schools, indicating some localized transmission. Supplemental digital content is available in the text.
Phases of methodological research in biostatistics - building the evidence base for new methods
Creators: name: Heinze, Georg
name: Boulesteix, Anne-Laure
name: Kammer, Michael
name: Morris, Tim P.
name: White, Ian R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62A01 (Primary)

description: Although the biostatistical scientific literature publishes new methods at a very high rate, many of these developments are not trustworthy enough to be adopted by the scientific community. We propose a framework to think about how a piece of methodological work contributes to the evidence base for a method. Similarly to the well-known phases of clinical research in drug development, we define four phases of methodological research. These four phases cover (I) providing logical reasoning and proofs, (II) providing empirical evidence, first in a narrow target setting, then (III) in an extended range of settings and for various outcomes, accompanied by appropriate application examples, and (IV) investigations that establish a method as sufficiently well-understood to know when it is preferred over others and when it is not. We provide basic definitions of the four phases but acknowledge that more work is needed to facilitate unambiguous classification of studies into phases. Methodological developments that have undergone all four proposed phases are still rare, but we give two examples with references. Our concept rebalances the emphasis to studies in phase III and IV, i.e., carefully planned methods comparison studies and studies that explore the empirical properties of existing methods in a wider range of problems.
description: 14 pages