Holophris sensu Mocsary 1890
Creators: name: Rosa, Paolo
name: Wei, Na-Sen
name: Notton, David
name: Xu, Zai-Fu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Chrysididae
Holophris

description: Genus Holophris Mocsáry, 1890
(Figs 1B, 2B, 3B, 4A – 6F)
Holophris Mocsáry, 1890: 51 (as subgenus of Elampus Spinola, 1806). Type species: Ellampus (Holophris) marginellus Mocsáry, 1890, by original designation.
Holophris Mocsáry: Ashmead 1902: 229; Kimsey & Bohart 1991: 222 (part.); Strumia 1995: 53; Rosa 2005: 8; Madl & Rosa 2012: 103 (part.).
Omalus (Holophris) Panzer, 1801: Linsenmaier 1959: 14 (part.).
Diagnosis. The genus Holophris Mocsáry is closely related to Omalus Panzer, Philoctetes Abeille de Perrin, Pseudomalus Ashmead, and Leptopareia gen. nov. It can be separated from the latter four genera by the transpleural carina extending below propodeal angle (Fig. 1B) (extending to apex of propodeal angle in other four genera); head, in frontal view, with distinct convex upper profile (Figs 4B, 5B, 6B) (elliptical in Leptopareia, Figs 7B, 8B, 9B, 10B, 11B); in lateral view, with distinct subgenal area (Fig. 3B) (indistinct in Leptopareia, Fig.3A); double omaulus triangularly shaped (Fig. 1B) (subparallel in Leptopareia, Fig. 1C). Moreover, it can be separated from Philoctetes and Pseudomalus by mesoscutum impunctate (Figs 4D, 5D, 6D) (punctate in Philoctetes and Pseudomalus), and MS bisected by elongated genal carina (Fig. 3B) (not bisected in Philoctetes). It can be separated from Leptopareia gen. nov. also by elongate MS (1.0–1.5 MOD) (0.2–0.5 MOD in Leptopareia), double omaulus triangularly shaped (Fig. 1B) (subparallel in Leptopareia (Fig. 1C)), and different wing venation (Fig. 2B).
Redescription. Mandible tridentate; scapal basin deep and smooth; face glabrous; head with upper profile distinctly convex in frontal view (Figs 4B, 5B, 6B); MS = 1.0–1.5 MOD and horizontally bisected by elongated genal carina; gena and subgena carinate (Fig. 3B); subgenal area swollen (Fig. 3B); temples <1 MOD (Figs 4A, 5A, 6A); occipital area, pronotum and mesoscutum medially impunctate (Figs 4C, 5C, 6C); pronotum laterally depressed; notauli indistinct (Figs 4D, 5D, 6D); mesoscutellum with two to four anterior foveae (Figs 4D, 5D, 6D); metanotum usually elongated in dorsal view, and rounded in lateral view; mesopleuron subquadrate with double carinate omaulus forming an acute angle (Figs 1B, 4A, 5A, 6A); TPC extending below propodeal angle (Fig. 1B); PA subparallel and not sharply developed, almost indistinct; tarsal claw with three to four teeth; fore wing with shortened C, Sc+R and M, and M considerably arched, pterostigma positioned at less than half length of anterior margin, rarely at half length (Fig. 2B); apex of T3 with wide semitransparent rim (usually ± 1 MOD), without distinct median notch (Figs 4F, 5F, 6F).
Biology. Nothing is known about their hosts. Specimens are occasionally collected on leaves, in yellow pantraps and MT in forested areas.
Distribution. Holophris Mocsáry is mainly a tropical genus distributed in Afrotropical, Australian, Neotropical, and Oriental Regions.
Species included. At present, there are seven valid species of Holophris in the Old World; of which three are from Oriental: H. marginella (Mocsáry, 1890), H. taiwana (Tsuneki, 1970), and H. thailandica sp. nov.; three are from Afrotropical: H. coriacea (Dahlbom, 1850), H. mochiana Strumia, 1995, and H. striata (Edney, 1940); and one from Australian Region: H. insperata (Mocsáry, 1914).
Remarks. The gender of the genus name Holophris (resulted from the Greek words ὄλως [=entirely] and ὀφρύς [=margin]) is feminine and not masculine as supposed by previous authors.
description: Published as part of Rosa, Paolo, Wei, Na-Sen, Notton, David & Xu, Zai-Fu, 2016, Revision of the Oriental genus Holophris Mocsáry, 1890 and description of the genus Leptopareia Rosa & Xu, gen. nov. (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae) in Zootaxa 4083 (2) on pages 203-205, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4083.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/1053815