cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Ion composition of airway surface liquid of patients with cystic fibrosis as compared with normal and disease-control subjects.
Creators: name: Knowles, M R
name: Pue, C A
name: Mentz, W M
name: Robinson, J M
name: Gatzy, J T
name: Wood, R E
name: Boucher, R C
name: Wager, G C
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1997

description: To test whether a major contribution of airways epithelial ion transport to lung defense reflects the regulation of airway surface liquid (ASL) ionic composition, we measured ASL composition using the filter paper technique. On nasal surfaces, the Cl- concentration (approximately 125 meq/liter) was similar to plasma, but the Na+ concentration (approximately 110 meq/liter) was below plasma, and K+ concentration (approximately 30 meq/liter) above plasma. The resting ASL osmolarity [2(Na+ + K+); 277 meq/liter] approximated isotonicity. There were no detectable differences between cystic fibrosis (CF) and normal subjects. In the lower airways, the Na+ concentrations were 80-85 meq/liter, K+ levels approximately 15 meq/liter, and Cl- concentrations 75-80 meq/liter. Measurements of Na+ activity with Na(+)-selective electrodes and osmolality with freezing point depression yielded values consistent with the monovalent cation measurements. Like the nasal surfaces, no differences in cations were detected between CF, normal, or chronic bronchitis subjects. The tracheobronchial ASL hypotonicity was hypothesized to reflect collection-induced gland secretion, a speculation consistent with observations in which induction of nasal gland secretion produced hypotonic secretions. We conclude that there are no significant differences in ASL ion concentrations between CF, normal, and chronic bronchitis subjects and, because ASL ion concentrations exceed values consistent with defensin activity, the failure of CF lung defense may reflect predominantly factors other than salt-dependent defensins.
Investigating 2M1155-7919B: a Nearby, Young, Low-Mass Star Actively Accreting from a Nearly Edge-on, Dusty Disk
Creators: name: Dickson-Vandervelde, D. Annie
name: Kastner, Joel H.
name: Gagné, Jonathan
name: Schneider, Adam C.
name: Faherty, Jacqueline
name: Wilson, Emily C.
name: Pinte, Christophe
name: Ménard, Francois
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the nature of an unusually faint member of the $ε$ Cha Association ($D\sim100$ pc, age $\sim5$ Myr), the nearest region of star formation of age $<$8 Myr. This object, 2MASS J11550336-7919147 (2M1155$-$79B), is a wide ($\sim$580 AU) separation, comoving companion to low-mass (M3) $ε$ Cha Association member 2MASS J11550485-7919108 (2M1155$-$79A). We present near-infrared spectra of both components, along with analysis of photometry from Gaia EDR3, 2MASS, VHS, and WISE. The near-IR spectrum of 2M1155$-$79B displays strong He I 1.083 emission, a sign of active accretion and/or accretion-driven winds from a circumstellar disk. Analysis of WISE archival data reveals that the mid-infrared excess previously associated with 2M1155$-$79A instead originates from the disk surrounding 2M1155$-$79B. Based on these results, as well as radiative transfer modeling of its optical/IR spectral energy distribution, we conclude that 2M1155$-$79B is most likely a young, late-M, star that is partially obscured by, and actively accreting from, a nearly edge-on circumstellar disk. This would place 2M1155$-$79B among the rare group of nearby ($D\lesssim100$ pc), young (age $<$10 Myr) mid-M stars that are orbited by and accreting from highly inclined protoplanetary disks. Like these systems, the 2M1155$-$79B system is a particularly promising subject for studies of star and planet formation around low-mass stars.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in AJ
Protease-resistant form of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5 is an inhibitor of insulin-like growth factor-I actions on porcine smooth muscle cells in culture.
Creators: name: Horwitz, G D
name: Imai, Y
name: Smith, C E
name: Busby, W H
name: Clarke, J B
name: Rees, C
name: Clemmons, D R
name: Garmong, A J
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1997

description: IGFs are pleiotrophic mitogens for porcine smooth muscle cells (pSMC) in culture. The effects of IGFs on cells are modulated by various insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBP). IGFBP-5 is synthesized by pSMC and binds to the extracellular matrix. However, IGFBP-5 is also secreted into conditioned medium of cultured cells and is cleaved into fragments by a concomitantly produced protease. These fragments have reduced affinity for the IGFs and cleavage makes it difficult to assess the role of intact IGFBP-5. To study the consequence of accumulation of intact IGFBP-5 in medium, we determined the cleavage site in IGFBP-5 and prepared a protease resistant mutant. Amino acid sequencing of purified IGFBP-5 fragments suggested Arg138-Arg139 as the primary cleavage site. Arg138-Arg139-->Asn138-Asn139 mutations were introduced to create protease-resistant IGFBP-5, which has the same affinity for IGF-I as the native protein. This mutant IGFBP-5 remained intact even after 24 h of incubation and it inhibited several IGF-I actions when added to pSMC culture medium. The mutant IGFBP-5 (500 ng/ml) decreased IGF-I stimulated cellular DNA synthesis by 84%, protein synthesis by 77%, and it inhibited IGF-I stimulated migration of pSMC by 77%. It also inhibited IGF-I stimulation of IRS-1 phosphorylation. In contrast, the same amount of native IGFBP-5 did not inhibit IGF-I actions. The significance of inhibitory effects of the protease resistant IGFBP-5 was further demonstrated in pSMC transfected with mutant or native IGFBP-5 cDNAs. The mutant IGFBP-5 accumulated in culture medium of transfected cells, while native IGFBP-5 was degraded into fragments, PSMC overexpressing the mutant IGFBP-5 also responded poorly to IGF-I compared with mock transfected cells. IGF-I (5 ng/ml) increased [35S]methionine incorporation into control cells by 36% above the basal level, but it did not significantly change (4%) in pSMC cultures that were producing the mutant IGFBP-5. In conclusion, the accumulation of protease-resistant IGFBP-5 in the medium was inhibitory to IGF-I actions on pSMC. This suggests that proteolysis can prevent IGFBP-5 from acting as an inhibitor of IGF-I-stimulated effects and that it serves as an important mechanism for regulating cellular responsiveness to IGF-I.
Numerical study of resonant inelastic X-ray scattering at the oxygen $K$-edge in insulating cuprates
Creators: name: Matsubayashi, Yukihiro
name: Ishihara, Sumio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) at the O $K$-edge in insulating cuprates by means of three methods: cluster perturbation theory (CPT), Hartree--Fock approximation (HFA) and exact diagonalization (ED) method. We consider the three-band Hubbard model and show the overall momentum-dependence of the Zhang--Rice singlet (ZRS) excitation and charge-transfer excitation by the CPT combining with the perturbation scheme. A comparison of the RIXS spectra calculated using CPT and HFA reveals different momentum-dependencies through the changes in the properties of the upper Hubbard band and the ZRS band. These findings are supported by analyses using the ED method on the RIXS spectra and dynamical charge structure factor.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures
James Webb Space Telescope Optical Simulation Testbed I: Overview and First Results
Creators: name: Perrin, Marshall D.
name: Soummer, Rémi
name: Choquet, Élodie
name: N'Diaye, Mamadou
name: Levecq, Olivier
name: Lajoie, Charles-Phillipe
name: Ygouf, Marie
name: Leboulleux, Lucie
name: Egron, Sylvain
name: Anderson, Rachel
name: Long, Chris
name: Elliott, Erin
name: Hartig, George
name: Pueyo, Laurent
name: van der Marel, Roeland
name: Mountain, Matt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Optical Simulation Testbed (JOST) is a tabletop workbench to study aspects of wavefront sensing and control for a segmented space telescope, including both commissioning and maintenance activities. JOST is complementary to existing optomechanical testbeds for JWST (e.g. the Ball Aerospace Testbed Telescope, TBT) given its compact scale and flexibility, ease of use, and colocation at the JWST Science & Operations Center. We have developed an optical design that reproduces the physics of JWST's three-mirror anastigmat using three aspheric lenses; it provides similar image quality as JWST (80% Strehl ratio) over a field equivalent to a NIRCam module, but at HeNe wavelength. A segmented deformable mirror stands in for the segmented primary mirror and allows control of the 18 segments in piston, tip, and tilt, while the secondary can be controlled in tip, tilt and x, y, z position. This will be sufficient to model many commissioning activities, to investigate field dependence and multiple field point sensing & control, to evaluate alternate sensing algorithms, and develop contingency plans. Testbed data will also be usable for cross-checking of the WFS&C Software Subsystem, and for staff training and development during JWST's five- to ten-year mission.
description: Proceedings of the SPIE, 9143-150. 13 pages, 8 figures
[Halle (Saale), Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, Morbio 6 (36)]
Creators: name: Christoforus
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 1414
Subjects: subject: Sonstige weltliche Aussteller
subject: Notarsurkunde
subject: Urkunde
subject: 090

description: Magister Christoforus de Cliuate, Sohn des verstorbenen Magisters Teoldus, aus Mailand an der Porta Ticinese in der Gemeinde St. Victoris ad puteum nimmt die aufgelisteten Güter, alle gelegen bei Lirgurno, in Besitz.
Spin-dependent dark matter-electron interactions
Creators: name: Liu, C. -P.
name: Wu, Chih-Pan
name: Chen, Jiunn-Wei
name: Chi, Hsin-Chang
name: Pandey, Mukesh K.
name: Singh, Lakhwinder
name: Wong, Henry T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Detectors with low thresholds for electron recoil open a new window to direct searches of sub-GeV dark matter (DM) candidates. In the past decade, many strong limits on DM-electron interactions have been set, but most on the one which is spin-independent (SI) of both dark matter and electron spins. In this work, we study DM-atom scattering through a spin-dependent (SD) interaction at leading order (LO), using well-benchmarked, state-of-the-art atomic many-body calculations. Exclusion limits on the SD DM-electron cross section are derived with data taken from experiments with xenon and germanium detectors at leading sensitivities. In the DM mass range of 0.1 - 10 GeV, the best limits set by the XENON1T experiment: $σ_e^{\textrm{(SD)}}<10^{-41}-10^{-40}\,\textrm{cm}^2$ are comparable to the ones drawn on DM-neutron and DM-proton at slightly bigger DM masses. The detector's responses to the LO SD and SI interactions are analyzed. In nonrelativistic limit, a constant ratio between them leads to an indistinguishability of the SD and SI recoil energy spectra. Relativistic calculations however show the scaling starts to break down at a few hundreds of eV, where spin-orbit effects become sizable. We discuss the prospects of disentangling the SI and SD components in DM-electron interactions via spectral shape measurements, as well as having spin-sensitive experimental signatures without SI background.
description: Data files and README are provided in the ancillary folder
Regulation of angiotensin II receptor AT1 subtypes in renal afferent arterioles during chronic changes in sodium diet.
Creators: name: Kurtz, A
name: Chatziantoniou, C
name: Wagner, C
name: Ruan, X
name: Arendshorst, W J
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1997

description: Studies determined the effects of chronic changes in sodium diet on the expression, regulation, and function of different angiotensin II (ANG II) receptor subtypes in renal resistance vessels. Rats were fed low- or high-sodium diets for 3 wk before study. Receptor function was assessed in vivo by measuring transient renal blood flow responses to bolus injections of ANG II (2 ng) into the renal artery. ANG II produced less pronounced renal vasoconstriction in rats fed a low- compared with high-sodium diet (16% vs. 56% decrease in renal blood flow, P < 0.001). After acute blockade of ANG II formation by iv enalaprilat injection in sodium-restricted animals, ANG II produced a 40% decrease in renal blood flow, a level between untreated dietary groups and less than high salt diet. Intrarenal administration of angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1) receptor antagonists losartan or EXP-3174 simultaneously with ANG II caused dose-dependent inhibition of ANG II responses. Based on maximum vasoconstriction normalized to 100% ANG II effect in each group, AT1 receptor antagonists produced the same degree of blockade in all groups, with an apparent maximum of 80-90%. In contrast, similar doses of the angiotensin II receptor type 2 (AT2) receptor ligand CGP-42112 had only a weak inhibitory effect. In vitro equilibrium-saturation 125I-ANG II binding studies on freshly isolated afferent arterioles indicated that ANG II receptor density was lower in the low- vs. high-sodium animals (157 vs. 298 fmol/mg, P < 0.04); affinity was similar (0.65 nM). Losartan and EXP-3174 displaced up to 80-90% of the ANG II binding; fractional displacement was similar in both diet groups. In contrast, the AT2 receptor analogues PD-123319 and CGP-42112 at concentrations < 10(-6) M had no effect on ANG II binding. RT-PCR assays revealed the expression of both angiotensin II receptor type 1A (AT(1A)) and angiotensin II receptor type 1B (AT(1B)) subtypes in freshly isolated afferent arterioles, while there was very little AT2 receptor expression. Total AT1 receptor mRNA expression was suppressed by low sodium intake to 66% of control levels, whereas it was increased to 132% of control by high-sodium diet, as indicated by ribonuclease protection assay. Receptor regulation was associated with parallel changes in AT(1A) and AT(1B) expression; the AT(1A)/AT(1B) ratio was stable at 3.7. We conclude that AT1 receptors are the predominant ANG II receptor type in renal resistance vessels of 7-wk-old rats. Chronic changes in sodium intake caused parallel regulation of expression and amount of receptor protein of the two AT1 receptor genes that modulate receptor function and altered reactivity of renal vessels to ANG II.
Ensemble Learning of Colorectal Cancer Survival Rates
Creators: name: Roadknight, Chris
name: Aickelin, Uwe
name: Scholefield, John
name: Durrant, Lindy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we describe a dataset relating to cellular and physical conditions of patients who are operated upon to remove colorectal tumours. This data provides a unique insight into immunological status at the point of tumour removal, tumour classification and post-operative survival. We build on existing research on clustering and machine learning facets of this data to demonstrate a role for an ensemble approach to highlighting patients with clearer prognosis parameters. Results for survival prediction using 3 different approaches are shown for a subset of the data which is most difficult to model. The performance of each model individually is compared with subsets of the data where some agreement is reached for multiple models. Significant improvements in model accuracy on an unseen test set can be achieved for patients where agreement between models is achieved.
description: IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Virtual Environments for Measurement Systems and Applications (CIVEMSA) 2013, pp. 82 - 86, 2013
Modular operator for null plane algebras in free fields
Creators: name: Morinelli, Vincenzo
name: Tanimoto, Yoh
name: Wegener, Benedikt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 81T05 46L60 81P17

description: We consider the algebras generated by observables in quantum field theory localized in regions in the null plane. For a scalar free field theory, we show that the one-particle structure can be decomposed into a continuous direct integral of lightlike fibres, and the modular operator decomposes accordingly. This implies that a certain form of QNEC is valid in free fields involving the causal completions of half-spaces on the null plane (null cuts). We also compute the relative entropy of null cut algebras with respect to the vacuum and some coherent states.
description: 35 pages, 2 figures
A new formulation of higher parallel transport in higher gauge theory
Creators: name: Soncini, Emanuele
name: Zucchini, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57R56, 81T20

description: In this technical paper, we present a new formulation of higher parallel transport in strict higher gauge theory required for the rigorous construction of Wilson lines and surfaces. Our approach is based on an original notion of Lie crossed module cocycle and cocycle 1- and 2-gauge transformation with a non standard double category theoretic interpretation. We show its equivalence to earlier formulations.
description: Latex, 91 pages, no figures
MUSE Analysis of Gas around Galaxies (MAGG) -- IV: The gaseous environment of $z\sim$ 3-4 Lyman-alpha emitting galaxies
Creators: name: Lofthouse, Emma K.
name: Fumagalli, Michele
name: Fossati, Matteo
name: Dutta, Rajeshwari
name: Galbiati, Marta
name: Battaia, Fabrizio Arrigoni
name: Cantalupo, Sebastiano
name: Christensen, Lise
name: Cooke, Ryan J.
name: Longobardi, Alessia
name: Murphy, Michael T.
name: Prochaska, J. Xavier.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the link between galaxies and HI-selected absorption systems at z~3-4 in the MUSE Analysis of Gas around Galaxies (MAGG) survey, an ESO large programme consisting of integral field pectroscopic observations of 28 quasar fields hosting 61 strong absorbers with $\rm N_{\rm HI}\gtrsim 10^{16.5}~\rm cm^{-2}$. We identify 127 Ly$α$ emitting galaxies (LAEs) around the absorbers, corresponding to a detection rate of 82$\pm$16 per cent. The luminosity function of these LAEs is approximately 5 times higher in normalization than the field population and we detect a significant clustering of galaxies with respect to the gas, confirming that high column density absorbers and LAEs trace each other. Between 30 and 40 per cent of the absorbers are associated with multiple LAEs, which lie preferentially along filaments. Galaxies in groups also exhibit a three times higher covering factor of optically-thick gas compared to isolated systems. No significant correlations are identified between the emission properties of LAEs and the absorption properties of optically-thick gas clouds, except for a weak preference of brighter and multiple galaxies to reside near broad absorbers. Based on the measured impact parameters and the covering factor, we conclude that the near totality of optically-thick gas in the Universe can be found in the outer circumgalactic medium (CGM) of LAEs or in the intergalactic medium (IGM) in proximity to these galaxies. Thus, LAEs act as tracers of larger scale structures within which both galaxies and optically-thick clouds are embedded. The patchy and inhomogeneous nature of the CGM and IGM explains the lack of correlations between absorption and emission properties. This implies that very large samples are needed to unveil the trends that encode the properties of the baryon cycle.
description: 30 pages, 19 figures, submitted to MNRAS
Allowable Complex Scalars from Kaluza-Klein Compactifications and Metric Rescalings
Creators: name: Lehners, Jean-Luc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently there have been discussions about which complex metrics should be allowable in quantum gravity. These discussions assumed that the matter fields were real valued. We make the observation that for compactified solutions it makes sense to demand convergence of the theory's path integral in the higher-dimensional parent theory. Upon compactification this allows for more general matter configurations in the lower-dimensional theory, in particular it allows for complex scalar fields, with a bound on their imaginary parts. Similar considerations apply to metric rescalings in the presence of higher curvature corrections. We illustrate this effect with the example of the no--boundary proposal, in which scalar fields are typically required to take complex values. We find that complex no-boundary solutions exist, and satisfy the derived bound, if the potential is sufficiently flat. For instance, for a compactification from $D$ dimensions, the bound on the imaginary part $\textrm{Im}\,(ϕ)$ of the internal volume modulus reads $V_{,ϕ}/V < \sqrt{\frac{D-4}{D-2}}/3\sqrt{2}.$ This leads to a mild tension with swampland conjectures.
description: 19 pages, 4 figures
[Halle (Saale), Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, Morbio 6 (115)]
Creators: name: Filippinus Caria
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 1446
Subjects: subject: Sonstige weltliche Aussteller
subject: Notarsurkunde
subject: Urkunde
subject: 090

description: Filippinus Caria aus Novara, Sohn des verstorbenen Thomas Caria, verpachtet dem Antonius Torniellus aus Novara, Sohn des verstorbenen Robaldonus Torniellus, den Zehnt an Wein-, Leinen- und sonstigen Fruchterträgen auf dem Gebiet von Cassioli.
Blackbody temperature of 200+ stellar flares observed with the CoRoT satellite
Creators: name: Soares, M. Cristina Rabello
name: de Freitas, Marcia C.
name: Ferreira, Bernardo P. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We estimated blackbody temperature for 209 flares observed at 69 F-K stars, significantly increasing the number of flare temperature determinations. We used the Blue and Red channels obtained by the 27 cm telescope of the CoRoT satellite at high cadence and long duration. The wavelength limits of the channels were estimated using spectra from the Pickles library for the spectral type and luminosity class of each star, provided by the Exodat Database. The temperatures were obtained from the flare energy Blue-to-Red ratio, using the flare equivalent duration and stellar flux in both channels. The expected value of the analyzed flares is equal to 6,400 K with a standard deviation of 2,800 K, where the mean stellar spectral type, weighted by the number of flares in each spectral subclass, is equal to G6. Contrary to our results, a stellar white-light flare is often assumed to emit as a blackbody with a temperature of 9,000 K or 10,000 K. Our estimates agree, however, with values obtained for solar flares. The GAIA G-band transmissivity is comparable to that of the CoRoT White channel, which allows us to calibrate the flares to the Gaia photometric system. The energy in the G band of the analyzed flares varies between $10^{32}$ and $10^{37}$ erg and the flare area ranges from 30$μ$sh to 3 sh (solar hemisphere). The energy release per area in a flare is proportional to $T_{\rm flare}^{2.6}$, at least up to 10,000 K.
description: Accepted Astronomical Journal
Learned Global Optimization for Inverse Scattering Problems -- Matching Global Search with Computational Efficiency
Creators: name: Salucci, Marco
name: Poli, Lorenzo
name: Rocca, Paolo
name: Massa, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The computationally-efficient solution of fully non-linear microwave inverse scattering problems (ISPs) is addressed. An innovative System-by-Design (SbD) based method is proposed to enable, for the first time to the best of the authors knowledge, an effective, robust, and time-efficient exploitation of an evolutionary algorithm (EA) to perform the global minimization of the data-mismatch cost function. According to the SbD paradigm as suitably applied to ISPs, the proposed approach founds on (i) a smart re-formulation of the ISP based on the definition of a minimum-dimensionality and representative set of degrees-of-freedom (DoFs) and on (ii) the artificial-intelligence (AI)-driven integration of a customized global search technique with a digital twin (DT) predictor based on the Gaussian Process (GP) theory. Representative numerical and experimental results are provided to assess the effectiveness and the efficiency of the proposed approach also in comparison with competitive state-of-the-art inversion techniques.
Replacing the first epidermal growth factor-like domain of factor IX with that of factor VII enhances activity in vitro and in canine hemophilia B.
Creators: name: Roberts, H R
name: Brinkhous, K M
name: Monroe, D M
name: Stafford, D W
name: Chang, J Y
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1997

description: Using the techniques of molecular biology, we made a chimeric Factor IX by replacing the first epidermal growth factor-like domain with that of Factor VII. The resulting recombinant chimeric molecule, Factor IXVIIEGF1, had at least a twofold increase in functional activity in the one-stage clotting assay when compared to recombinant wild-type Factor IX. The increased activity was not due to contamination with activated Factor IX, nor was it due to an increased rate of activation by Factor VIIa-tissue factor or by Factor XIa. Rather, the increased activity was due to a higher affinity of Factor IXVIIEGF1 for Factor VIIIa with a Kd for Factor VIIIa about one order of magnitude lower than that of recombinant wild-type Factor IXa. In addition, results from animal studies show that this chimeric Factor IX, when infused into a dog with hemophilia B, exhibits a greater than threefold increase in clotting activity, and has a biological half-life equivalent to recombinant wild-type Factor IX.
Understanding the Structural Scaling Relations of Early-Type Galaxies
Creators: name: Porter, Lauren A.
name: Somerville, Rachel S.
name: Primack, Joel R.
name: Johansson, Peter H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a large suite of hydrodynamical simulations of binary galaxy mergers to construct and calibrate a physical prescription for computing the effective radii and velocity dispersions of spheroids. We implement this prescription within a semi-analytic model embedded in merger trees extracted from the Bolshoi Lambda-CDM N-body simulation, accounting for spheroid growth via major and minor mergers as well as disk instabilities. We find that without disk instabilities, our model does not predict sufficient numbers of intermediate mass early-type galaxies in the local universe. Spheroids also form earlier in models with spheroid growth via disk instabilities. Our model correctly predicts the normalization, slope, and scatter of the low-redshift size-mass and Fundamental Plane relations for early type galaxies. It predicts a degree of curvature in the Faber-Jackson relation that is not seen in local observations, but this could be alleviated if higher mass spheroids have more bottom-heavy initial mass functions. The model also correctly predicts the observed strong evolution of the size-mass relation for spheroids out to higher redshifts, as well as the slower evolution in the normalization of the Faber-Jackson relation. We emphasize that these are genuine predictions of the model since it was tuned to match hydrodynamical simulations and not these observations.
description: Submitted to MNRAS
BFT$_2$: a General Class of $2d$ $\mathcal{N}=(0,2)$ Theories, 3-Manifolds and Toric Geometry
Creators: name: Franco, Sebastián
name: Yu, Xingyang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We introduce and initiate the study of a general class of $2d$ $\mathcal{N}=(0,2)$ quiver gauge theories, defined in terms of certain 2-dimensional CW complexes on oriented 3-manifolds. We refer to this class of theories as BFT$_2$$\mbox{'}$s. They are natural generalizations of Brane Brick Models, which capture the gauge theories on D1-branes probing toric Calabi-Yau 4-folds. The dynamics and triality of the gauge theories translate into simple transformations of the underlying CW complexes. We introduce various combinatorial tools for analyzing these theories and investigate their connections to toric Calabi-Yau manifolds, which arise as their master and moduli spaces. Invariance of the moduli space is indeed a powerful criterion for identifying theories in the same triality class. We also investigate the reducibility of these theories.
description: 44 pages, 32 figures. v2.: minor typos corrected
Almost-toric Hypersurfaces
Creators: name: Lin, Bo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: An almost-toric hypersurface is parameterized by monomials multiplied by polynomials in one extra variable. We determine the Newton polytope of such a hypersurface, and apply this to give an algorithm for computing the implicit equation.
description: 12 pages, 2 tables
Analytical Stellar Models of Neutron Stars in Teleparallel Gravity
Creators: name: Solanki, Jay
name: Joshi, Rohan
name: Garg, Malay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we developed three analytical models and obtained a new class of solutions describing compact stellar structures using the theory of teleparallel gravity. We consider the general anisotropic nature of stellar configurations and solve teleparallel gravity equations. In order to thoroughly analyze the various parameters of the stars, we developed three models by choosing various physically acceptable forms of metric potential $ e^{d(r)} $ and radial pressure $ p_r(r) $. We also analyze the impact of teleparallel gravity's parameters $ β$ and $ β_1 $ on the description of the stellar structures. We calculated model parameters such that models describing various observed neutron stars obey all physical conditions to be potentially stable and causal. By analyzing the impact of various parameters of teleparallel gravity on the description of anisotropic stellar structures, we found that three models developed in this paper can describe anisotropic neutron stars ranging from low density to high density. Finally, we obtain a quadratic Equation of State for each model describing various neutron stars, which can be utilized to find compositions of the stellar structures. It is very useful to find models that can exhibit quadratic EOS, since material compositions of real neutron stars and strange stars are found to exhibit quadratic EOS by various authors. Non linear $ f(T) $ model gives high deviation of EOS from quadratic behaviour, thus, in this paper we work with linear $ f(T) $ function by using diagonal tetrad to model realistic compact stars.
description: made equations more readable and implemented some changes suggested by reviewers
Bone marrow transplantation prolongs life span and ameliorates neurologic manifestations in Sandhoff disease mice.
Creators: name: Norflus, F
name: Suzuki, K
name: Goldstein, G
name: Crawley, J N
name: McDonald, M P
name: Hoffmann, A
name: Sandhoff, K
name: Proia, R L
name: Tifft, C J
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1998

description: The GM2 gangliosidoses are a group of severe, neurodegenerative conditions that include Tay-Sachs disease, Sandhoff disease, and the GM2 activator deficiency. Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) was examined as a potential treatment for these disorders using a Sandhoff disease mouse model. BMT extended the life span of these mice from approximately 4.5 mo to up to 8 mo and slowed their neurologic deterioration. BMT also corrected biochemical deficiencies in somatic tissues as indicated by decreased excretion of urinary oligosaccharides, and lower glycolipid storage and increased levels of beta-hexosaminidase activity in visceral organs. Even with neurologic improvement, neither clear reduction of brain glycolipid storage nor improvement in neuronal pathology could be detected, suggesting a complex pathogenic mechanism. Histological analysis revealed beta-hexosaminidase-positive cells in the central nervous system and visceral organs with a concomitant reduction of colloidal iron-positive macrophages. These results may be important for the design of treatment approaches for the GM2 gangliosidoses.
Absorption lines from magnetically driven winds in X-ray binaries II: high resolution observational signatures expected from future X-ray observatories
Creators: name: Chakravorty, Susmita
name: Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier
name: Datta, Sudeb Ranjan
name: Ferreira, Jonathan
name: Wilms, Joern
name: Jacquemin-Ide, Jonatan
name: Clavel, Maica
name: Marcel, Gregoire
name: Rodriguez, Jerome
name: Malzac, Julien
name: Belmont, Renaud
name: Corbel, Stephane
name: Coriat, Mickael
name: Henri, Gilles
name: Parra, Maxime
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In our self-similar, analytical, magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) accretion-ejection solution, the density at the base of the outflow is explicitly dependent on the disk accretion rate - a unique property of this class of solutions. We had earlier found that the ejection index $p >\sim 0.1 (\dot{M}_{acc} \propto r^p ) $ is a key MHD parameter that decides if the flow can cause absorption lines in the high resolution X-ray spectra of black hole binaries. Here we choose 3 dense warm solutions with $p = 0.1, 0.3, 0.45$ and carefully develop a methodology to generate spectra which are convolved with the Athena and XRISM response functions to predict what they will observe seeing through such MHD outflows. In this paper two other external parameters were varied - extent of the disk, $\rm{r_o|_{max}} = 10^5, \, 10^6 \,\, \rm{r_G}$, and the angle of the line of sight, $i \sim 10 - 25^{\circ}$. Resultant absorption lines (H and He-like Fe, Ca, Ar) change in strength and their profiles manifest varying degrees of asymmetry. We checked if a) the lines and ii) the line asymmetries are detected, in our suit of synthetic Athena and XRISM spectra. Our analysis shows that Athena should detect the lines and their asymmetries for a standard 100 ksec observation of a 100 mCrab source - lines with equivalent width as low as a few eV should be detected if the 6-8 keV counts are larger than $10^4 - 10^5$ even for the least favourable simulated cases.
description: 18 pages, 13 figures in the main body and 3 figures in the appendix. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Depth-efficient proofs of quantumness
Creators: name: Liu, Zhenning
name: Gheorghiu, Alexandru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A proof of quantumness is a type of challenge-response protocol in which a classical verifier can efficiently certify the quantum advantage of an untrusted prover. That is, a quantum prover can correctly answer the verifier's challenges and be accepted, while any polynomial-time classical prover will be rejected with high probability, based on plausible computational assumptions. To answer the verifier's challenges, existing proofs of quantumness typically require the quantum prover to perform a combination of polynomial-size quantum circuits and measurements. In this paper, we give two proof of quantumness constructions in which the prover need only perform constant-depth quantum circuits (and measurements) together with log-depth classical computation. Our first construction is a generic compiler that allows us to translate all existing proofs of quantumness into constant quantum depth versions. Our second construction is based around the learning with rounding problem, and yields circuits with shorter depth and requiring fewer qubits than the generic construction. In addition, the second construction also has some robustness against noise.
description: 49 pages, 8 figures. Published in Quantum
Unsupervised Knowledge-Transfer for Learned Image Reconstruction
Creators: name: Barbano, Riccardo
name: Kereta, Zeljko
name: Hauptmann, Andreas
name: Arridge, Simon R.
name: Jin, Bangti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep learning-based image reconstruction approaches have demonstrated impressive empirical performance in many imaging modalities. These approaches usually require a large amount of high-quality paired training data, which is often not available in medical imaging. To circumvent this issue we develop a novel unsupervised knowledge-transfer paradigm for learned reconstruction within a Bayesian framework. The proposed approach learns a reconstruction network in two phases. The first phase trains a reconstruction network with a set of ordered pairs comprising of ground truth images of ellipses and the corresponding simulated measurement data. The second phase fine-tunes the pretrained network to more realistic measurement data without supervision. By construction, the framework is capable of delivering predictive uncertainty information over the reconstructed image. We present extensive experimental results on low-dose and sparse-view computed tomography showing that the approach is competitive with several state-of-the-art supervised and unsupervised reconstruction techniques. Moreover, for test data distributed differently from the training data, the proposed framework can significantly improve reconstruction quality not only visually, but also quantitatively in terms of PSNR and SSIM, when compared with learned methods trained on the synthetic dataset only.
Coagulation defects and altered hemodynamic responses in mice lacking receptors for thromboxane A2.
Creators: name: Smithies, O
name: Latour, A
name: Mannon, P J
name: Thomas, D W
name: Oliver, J A
name: Mannon, R B
name: Hoffman, M
name: Coffman, T M
name: Koller, B H
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1998

description: Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) is a labile metabolite of arachidonic acid that has potent biological effects. Its actions are mediated by G protein-coupled thromboxane-prostanoid (TP) receptors. TP receptors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. To investigate the physiological functions of TP receptors, we generated TP receptor-deficient mice by gene targeting. Tp-/- animals reproduce and survive in expected numbers, and their major organ systems are normal. Thromboxane agonist binding cannot be detected in tissues from Tp-/- mice. Bleeding times are prolonged in Tp-/- mice and their platelets do not aggregate after exposure to TXA2 agonists. Aggregation responses after collagen stimulation are also delayed, although ADP-stimulated aggregation is normal. Infusion of the TP receptor agonist U-46619 causes transient increases in blood pressure followed by cardiovascular collapse in wild-type mice, but U-46619 caused no hemodynamic effect in Tp-/- mice. Tp-/- mice are also resistant to arachidonic acid-induced shock, although arachidonic acid signifi-cantly reduced blood pressure in Tp-/- mice. In summary, Tp-/- mice have a mild bleeding disorder and altered vascular responses to TXA2 and arachidonic acid. Our studies suggest that most of the recognized functions of TXA2 are mediated by the single known Tp gene locus.
Size-dependent transient nature of localized turbulence in transitional channel flow
Creators: name: Xu, Duo
name: Song, Baofang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been reported that a fully localized turbulent band in channel flow becomes sustained when the Reynolds number is above a threshold. Here we show evidences that turbulent bands are of a transient nature instead. When the band length is controlled to be fixed, lifetimes of turbulent bands appear to be stochastic and exponentially distributed, a sign of a memoryless transient nature. Besides increasing with the Reynolds number, the mean lifetime also strongly increases with the band length. Given that the band length always changes over time in real channel flow, this size dependence may translate into a time dependence, which needs to be taken into account when clarifying the relationship between channel flow transition and the directed percolation universality class.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures, accepted to Journal of Fluid Mechanics
Application of algorithms for high precision metrology
Creators: name: Gai, Mario
name: Riva, Alberto
name: Busonero, Deborah
name: Buzzi, Raffaella
name: Russo, Federico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper evaluates the performance of algorithms suitable to process the measurements from two laser beam metrology systems, in particular with reference to the Gaia Basic Angle Monitoring device. The system and signal characteristics are reviewed in order to define the key operating features. The low-level algorithms are defined according to different approaches, starting with a simple, model free method, and progressing to a strategy based on the signal template and variance. The signal model is derived from measured data sets. The performance at micro-arcsec level is verified by simulation in conditions ranging from noiseless to large perturbations.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures
Quantum Fourier Addition, Simplified to Toffoli Addition
Creators: name: Paler, Alexandru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Quantum addition circuits are considered being of two types: 1) Toffolli-adder circuits which use only classical reversible gates (CNOT and Toffoli), and 2) QFT-adder circuits based on the quantum Fourier transformation. We present the first systematic translation of the QFT-addition circuit into a Toffoli-based adder. This result shows that QFT-addition has fundamentally the same fault-tolerance cost (e.g. T-count) as the most cost-efficient Toffoli-adder: instead of using approximate decompositions of the gates from the QFT circuit, it is more efficient to merge gates. In order to achieve this, we formulated novel circuit identities for multi-controlled gates and apply the identities algorithmically. The employed techniques can be used to automate quantum circuit optimisation heuristics.
description: accepted in PRA
[Halle (Saale), Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, Morbio 6 (116)]
Creators: name: Luchinus
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 1446
Subjects: subject: Sonstige geistliche Aussteller
subject: Notarsurkunde
subject: Urkunde
subject: 090

description: Luchinus de Straduitis, Archipresbyter der Kirche der plebs St. Jiminani im Bistum Cremona, verpachtet dem Johannes de Oleo, Sohn des verstorbenen Conradinus, aus der Nachbarschaft maioris porte Pertuxii in Cremona verschiedene Stücke Land.
Coordinated clearance of periciliary liquid and mucus from airway surfaces.
Creators: name: Randell, S H
name: Davis, C W
name: Boucher, R C
name: Matsui, H
name: Peretti, S W
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1998

description: Airway surface liquid is comprised of mucus and an underlying, watery periciliary liquid (PCL). In contrast to the well-described axial transport of mucus along airway surfaces via ciliary action, theoretical analyses predict that the PCL is nearly stationary. Conventional and confocal microscopy of fluorescent microspheres and photoactivated fluorescent dyes were used with well-differentiated human tracheobronchial epithelial cell cultures exhibiting spontaneous, radial mucociliary transport to study the movements of mucus and PCL. These studies showed that the entire PCL is transported at approximately the same rate as mucus, 39.2+/-4.7 and 39.8+/-4.2 micrometer/sec, respectively. Removing the mucus layer reduced PCL transport by > 80%, to 4.8+/-0.6 micrometer/sec, a value close to that predicted from theoretical analyses of the ciliary beat cycle. Hence, the rapid movement of PCL is dependent upon the transport of mucus. Mucus-dependent PCL transport was spatially uniform and exceeded the rate expected for pure frictional coupling with the overlying mucus layer; hence, ciliary mixing most likely accelerates the diffusion of momentum from mucus into the PCL. The cephalad movement of PCL along airway epithelial surfaces makes this mucus-driven transport an important component of salt and water physiology in the lung in health and disease.