cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 occur frequently in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas and share hypermethylation targets with glioblastomas
Creators: name: Yourstone, S. M.
name: Chiang, D. Y.
name: Hoskins, J. M.
name: Moser, C. D.
name: Kim, J. W.
name: Savich, G. L.
name: Hunt, H. V.
name: Wang, P.
name: Ye, D.
name: Jiang, W.
name: Thorgeirsson, S. S.
name: Dong, Q.
name: Guan, K. L.
name: Jeck, W. R.
name: Tan, T. X.
name: Getz, G.
name: Xiong, Y.
name: Roberts, L. R.
name: Liu, Y.
name: Misher, A. D.
name: Zhang, C.
name: Andersen, J. B.
name: Kuan, P. F.
name: Qin, L. X.
name: Cibulskis, K.
name: Auman, J. T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Mutations in the genes encoding isocitrate dehydrogenase, IDH1 and IDH2, have been reported in gliomas, myeloid leukemias, chondrosarcomas, and thyroid cancer. We discovered IDH1 and IDH2 mutations in 34 of 326 (10%) intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas. Tumor with mutations in IDH1 or IDH2 had lower 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and higher 5-methylcytosine (5mC) levels, as well as increased dimethylation of histone H3K79. Mutations in IDH1 or IDH2 were associated with longer overall survival (p = 0.028) and were independently associated with a longer time to tumor recurrence after intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma resection in multivariate analysis (p = 0.021). IDH1 and IDH2 mutations are significantly associated with increased levels of p53 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas, but no mutations in the p53 gene were found, suggesting that mutations in IDH1 and IDH2 may cause a stress that leads to p53 activation. We identified 2,309 genes that were significantly hypermethylated in 19 cholangiocarcinomas with mutations in IDH1 or IDH2, compared with cholangiocarcinomas without these mutations. Hypermethylated CpG sites were significantly enriched in CpG shores and upstream of transcription start sites, suggesting a global regulation of transcriptional potential. Half of the hypermethylated genes overlapped with DNA hypermethylation in IDH1-mutant gliobastomas, suggesting the existence of a common set of genes whose expression may be affected by mutations in IDH1 or IDH2 in different types of tumors.
Toward Complete Pion Nucleon Amplitudes
Creators: name: Mathieu, V.
name: Danilkin, I. V.
name: Fernández-Ramírez, C.
name: Pennington, M. R.
name: Schott, D.
name: Szczepaniak, A. P.
name: Fox, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare the low-energy partial wave analyses $πN$ scattering with a high-energy data via finite energy sum rules. We construct a new set of amplitudes by matching the imaginary part from the low-energy analysis with the high-energy, Regge parametrization and reconstruct the real parts using dispersion relations.
description: Joint Physics Analysis Center ; 15 pages, 12 figures
GTnum HUMANÉ (HUMAnités Numériques en Éducation) - #HN_education. Plan de gestion des données
Creators: name: Georges-Louis, Baron
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: PGD
Humanités numériques

description: Ce document constitue le plan de gestion des données du projet GTnum 7 #HN_education
description: «Les groupes thématiques numériques (GTnum) sont coordonnés par la Direction du numérique pour l'éducation du Ministère de Direction du numérique pour l'éducation TN2 GTnum – Recommandations pour les dépôts HAL et Zenodo v2 6/7 DNE-TN2 juini 2022 l'Education nationale et de la Jeunesse. Les GTnum ont pour objectif de mettre à disposition des équipes éducatives, de façon accessible et ouverte, un état de la recherche sur quelques grandes thématiques relatives au numérique dans l'éducation. Financeur du projet : « Ministère de l'Éducation nationale et de la Jeunesse »
Supplementary Material from When one phenotype is not enough: divergent evolutionary trajectories govern venom variation in a widespread rattlesnake species
Creators: name: Zancolli, Giulia
name: Calvete, Juan J.
name: Cardwell, Michael D.
name: Greene, Harry W.
name: Hayes, William K.
name: Hegarty, Matthew J.
name: Hans-Werner Herrmann
name: Holycross, Andrew T.
name: Lannutti, Dominic I.
name: Mulley, John F.
name: Libia Sanz
name: Travis, Zachary D.
name: Whorley, Joshua R.
name: Wüster, Catharine E.
name: Wüster, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology

description: Understanding the origin and maintenance of phenotypic variation, particularly across a continuous spatial distribution, represents a key challenge in evolutionary biology. For this, animal venoms represent ideal study systems: they are complex, variable, yet easily quantifiable molecular phenotypes with a clear function. Rattlesnakes display tremendous variation in their venom composition, mostly through strongly dichotomous venom strategies, which may even coexist within single species. Here, through dense, widespread population-level sampling of the Mojave rattlesnake, Crotalus scutulatus, we show that genomic structural variation at multiple loci underlies extreme geographical variation in venom composition, which is maintained despite extensive gene flow. Unexpectedly, neither diet composition nor neutral population structure explain venom variation. Instead, venom divergence is strongly correlated with environmental conditions. Individual toxin genes correlate with distinct environmental factors, suggesting that different selective pressures can act on individual loci independently of their co-expression patterns or genomic proximity. Our results challenge common assumptions about diet composition as the key selective driver of snake venom evolution and emphasize how the interplay between genomic architecture and local-scale spatial heterogeneity in selective pressures may facilitate the retention of adaptive functional polymorphisms across a continuous space.
Tumor development is associated with decrease of TET gene expression and 5-methylcytosine hydroxylation
Creators: name: Zhu, H. G.
name: Bai, F.
name: Zhang, J. Y.
name: Ye, D.
name: Liu, J.
name: Xu, Z. D.
name: Ma, S. H.
name: Guan, K. L.
name: Xiong, Y.
name: Yang, H.
name: Ling, Z. Q.
name: Liu, Y.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: The TET (ten–eleven translocation) family of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG)-dependent dioxygenases catalyzes the sequential oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethyl-cytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine and 5-carboxylcytosine, leading to eventual DNA demethylation. The TET2 gene is a bona fide tumor suppressor frequently mutated in leukemia, and TET enzyme activity is inhibited in IDH1/2-mutated tumors by the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate, an antagonist of α-KG, linking 5mC oxidation to cancer development. We report here that the levels of 5hmC are dramatically reduced in human breast, liver, lung, pancreatic and prostate cancers when compared with the matched surrounding normal tissues. Associated with the 5hmC decrease is the substantial reduction of the expression of all three TET genes, revealing a possible mechanism for the reduced 5hmC in cancer cells. The decrease of 5hmC was also observed during tumor development in different genetically engineered mouse models. Together, our results identify 5hmC as a biomarker whose decrease is broadly and tightly associated with tumor development.
ESM Figures and Tables from The possible role of ant larvae in the defence against social parasites.
Creators: name: Pulliainen, Unni
name: Helanterä, Heikki
name: Sundström, Liselotte
name: Schultner, Eva
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Temporary social parasite ant queens initiate new colonies by entering colonies of host species, where they begin laying eggs. As the resident queen can be killed during this process, host colonies may lose their entire future reproductive output. Selection thus favours the evolution of defence mechanisms, before and after parasite intrusion. Most studies on social parasites focus on host worker discrimination of parasite queens and their offspring. However, ant larvae can also influence brood composition by consuming eggs. This raises the question whether host larvae can aid in preventing colony takeover by consuming eggs laid by parasite queens. To test whether larvae could play a role in anti-parasite defence, we compared the rates at which larvae of a common host species, Formica fusca, consumed eggs laid by social parasite, non-parasite, nest-mate, or conspecific non-nest-mate queens. Larvae consumed social parasite eggs more than eggs laid by a heterospecific non-parasite queen, irrespective of the chemical distance between the egg cuticular profiles. Also, larvae consumed eggs laid by conspecific non-nest-mate queens more than those laid by nest-mate queens. Our study suggests that larvae may act as players in colony defence against social parasitism, and that social parasitism is a key factor shaping discrimination behaviour in ants.
ESM Figures and Tables from The possible role of ant larvae in the defence against social parasites
Creators: name: Pulliainen, Unni
name: Helanterä, Heikki
name: Sundström, Liselotte
name: Schultner, Eva
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Temporary social parasite ant queens initiate new colonies by entering colonies of host species, where they begin laying eggs. As the resident queen can be killed during this process, host colonies may lose their entire future reproductive output. Selection thus favours the evolution of defence mechanisms, before and after parasite intrusion. Most studies on social parasites focus on host worker discrimination of parasite queens and their offspring. However, ant larvae can also influence brood composition by consuming eggs. This raises the question whether host larvae can aid in preventing colony takeover by consuming eggs laid by parasite queens. To test whether larvae could play a role in anti-parasite defence, we compared the rates at which larvae of a common host species, Formica fusca, consumed eggs laid by social parasite, non-parasite, nest-mate, or conspecific non-nest-mate queens. Larvae consumed social parasite eggs more than eggs laid by a heterospecific non-parasite queen, irrespective of the chemical distance between the egg cuticular profiles. Also, larvae consumed eggs laid by conspecific non-nest-mate queens more than those laid by nest-mate queens. Our study suggests that larvae may act as players in colony defence against social parasitism, and that social parasitism is a key factor shaping discrimination behaviour in ants.
Can FCA-based Recommender System Suggest a Proper Classifier?
Creators: name: Kashnitsky, Yury
name: Ignatov, Dmitry I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62-07

description: The paper briefly introduces multiple classifier systems and describes a new algorithm, which improves classification accuracy by means of recommendation of a proper algorithm to an object classification. This recommendation is done assuming that a classifier is likely to predict the label of the object correctly if it has correctly classified its neighbors. The process of assigning a classifier to each object is based on Formal Concept Analysis. We explain the idea of the algorithm with a toy example and describe our first experiments with real-world datasets.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure, 4 tables, ECAI 2014, workshop "What FCA can do for "Artifficial Intelligence"
Food and feeding habits of the small-spotted catshark, Scyliorhinus canicula (Chondrichthyes : Scyliorhinidae) from the northern coast of Tunisia (central Mediterranean)
Creators: name: MNASRI, Néjia
name: EL KAMEL, Olfa
name: BOUMAÏZA, Moncef
name: REYNAUD, Christian
name: CAPAPÉ, Christian
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2012

description: Food and feeding habits of the small-spotted catshark, Scyliorhinus canicula (Linnaeus, 1758) from the northern coast of Tunisia (central Mediterranean) were studied in relation to sex, size and seasons. Of the 1125 stomach contents examined between March 2009 and February 2010, only 150 were empty, with vacuity index VI = 13.33%, percentage that significantly changed with sex. Eight zoological groups were identified in the food of this predator species: osteichthyans, crustaceans, cephalopods, gastropods, polychaets, sipunculids, chondrichthyans and echinoderms. Osteichthyans were the most ingested with an index of relative importance (%IRI) reaching 212.44, with Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum, 1792) as main prey (%IRI = 21.82). However, the large decapod Parapenaeus longirostris (Lucas, 1847) was the prey species most consumed with %IRI = 126.87. Limited changes related to size and seasons were observed in food spectrum. The trophic level (Troph) of 3.93 calculated for S. canicula was high and pointed out that the species is a top carnivorous predator; additionally, no significant changes were recorded in Troph values related to size and seasons.
Canonical and non-canonical NF-κB signaling promotes breast cancer tumor-initiating cells
Creators: name: Lawrence, C. L.
name: Bradford, J. W.
name: Kendellen, M. F.
name: Baldwin, A. S.
name: Clark, K. S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Tumor-initiating cells (TICs) are a sub-population of cells that exhibit a robust ability to self-renew and contribute to the formation of primary tumors, the relapse of previously treated tumors, and the development of metastases. TICs have been identified in various tumors, including those of the breast, and are particularly enriched in the basal-like and claudin-low subtypes of breast cancer. The signaling pathways that contribute to the function and maintenance of TICs are under intense study. We explored the potential involvement of the NF-κB family of transcription factors in TICs in cell lines that are representative of basal-like and claudin-low breast cancer. NF-κB was found to be activated in breast cancer cells that form tumorspheres efficiently. Moreover, both canonical and non-canonical NF-κB signaling is required for these cells to self-renew in vitro and to form xenograft tumors efficiently in vivo using limiting dilutions of cells. Consistent with this, canonical and non-canonical NF-κB signaling is activated in TICs isolated from breast cancer cell lines. Experimental results indicate that NF-κB promotes the function of TICs by stimulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and by upregulating the expression of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6. The results suggest the use of NF-κB inhibitors for clinical therapy of certain breast cancers.
(401010) Janet Robertson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(401009) james Buchan
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Bacterial diversity and their adaptations in the shallow water hydrothermal vent at D. João de Castro Seamount (DJCS), Azores, Portugal
Creators: name: MOHANDASS, Chellandi
name: RAJASABAPATHY, Raju
name: RAVINDRAN, Chinnarajan
name: COLACO, Ana
name: SANTOS, Ricardo Serrao
name: MEENA, Ram Murthi
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2012

description: Bacterial diversity from the shallow vent of D. João de Castro Seamount (DJCS) Azores, Portugal and their adaptations to a nutrient rich environment was investigated from 2004 and 2005 cruise samples. Assessment of the qualitative composition of the heterotrophic bacterial diversity studied by various means like 16S rRNA, FAME and RFLP expressed the existence of consistent bacterial groups like Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Halomonas, Pseudoalteromonas, Alcaligenes and Brevibacterium. In situ studies conducted with different metals, revealed that Fe, Mn and Pb reduce the bacterial growth period by 50% in some of the species like Staphylococcus succinus, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus sp. About 55% of the organisms from the experimental site were able to hydrolyze carbo hydrates, 27% of them were able to attack fatty acid and 45% were protein degraders. High temperatures (70ºC) and neutral pH (7) were opted by most of the vent bacteria to produce their enzymes. Adaptive mechanisms to detoxify the metals by producing H2S gases, catalase and oxidase for decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and oxygen supply; extended survival in unfavourable conditions by sporulation were observed as a common characteristic features in most of the bacterial isolates of the shallow vent DJCS.
title: Dimerisierung des N-Methyl-azepins
Creators: name: Hafner, Klaus
name: Mondt, J.
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2023

description: Mit der Darstellung von N-Alkoxycarbonyl-azepinen (1) durch Photolyse oder Thermolyse von Azido-formiaten in Benzol und seinen Derivaten ermoglichten wir erstmals ein Studium des monocyclischen Azepin-Systems [²].
Supplementary methods and statistical parameter estimates from Sexual selection, body mass and molecular evolution interact to predict diversification in birds.
Creators: name: Iglesias-Carrasco, Maider
name: Jennions, Michael D.
name: Ho, Simon Y. W.
name: Duchêne, David A.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Sexual selection is a powerful agent of evolution, driving microevolutionary changes in the genome and macroevolutionary rates of lineage diversification. The mechanisms by which sexual selection might influence macroevolution remain poorly understood. For example, sexual selection might drive positive selection for key adaptations that facilitate diversification. Furthermore, sexual selection might be a general driver of molecular evolutionary rate. We lay out some of the potential mechanisms that create a link between sexual selection and diversification, based on causal effects on other life-history traits such as body mass and the rate of molecular evolution. Birds are ideally suited for testing the importance of these relationships because of their diverse reproductive systems and the multiple evolutionary radiations that have produced their astounding modern diversity. We show that sexual selection (measured as the degree of polygyny) interacts with the rate of molecular evolution and with body mass to predict species richness at the genus level. A high degree of polygyny and rapid molecular evolution are positively associated with the net rate of diversification, with the two factors being especially important for explaining diversification in large-bodied taxa. Our findings further suggest that mutation rates underpin some of the macroevolutionary effects of sexual selection. We synthesize the existing theory on sexual selection as a force for diversity and propose avenues for exploring this association using genome data.
(401008) Betsy Ann Boyd Ritchie
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Ab initio prediction of the mechanical properties of alloys: The case of Ni/Mn-doped ferromagnetic Fe
Creators: name: Wang, Guisheng
name: Schönecker, Stephan
name: Hertzman, Staffan
name: Hu, Qing-Miao
name: Johansson, Börje
name: Kwon, Se Kyun
name: Vitos, Levente
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: First-principles alloy theory, formulated within the exact muffin-tin orbitals method in combination with the coherent-potential approximation, is used to study the mechanical properties of ferromagnetic body-centered cubic (bcc) Fe$_{1-x}$M$_x$ alloys (M=Mn or Ni, $0\le x \le 0.1$). We consider several physical parameters accessible from \emph{ab initio} calculations and their combinations in various phenomenological models to compare the effect of Mn and Ni on the properties of Fe. Alloying is found to slightly alter the lattice parameters and produce noticeable influence on elastic moduli. Both Mn and Ni decrease the surface energy and the unstable stacking fault energy associated with the $\{110\}$ surface facet and the $\{110\}\langle111\rangle$ slip system, respectively. Nickel is found to produce larger effect on the planar fault energies than Mn. The semi-empirical ductility criteria by Rice and Pugh consistently predict that Ni enhances the ductility of Fe but give contradictory results in the case of Mn doping. The origin of the discrepancy between the two criteria is discussed and an alternative measure of the ductile-brittle behavior based on the theoretical cleavage strength and single-crystal shear modulus $G\{110\}\langle111\rangle$ is proposed.
description: 14 pages, 11 figures
Exosomal HIF1α supports invasive potential of nasopharyngeal carcinoma-associated LMP1-positive exosomes
Creators: name: Aga, M.
name: Raffa, S.
name: Shackelford, J.
name: Pagano, J. S.
name: Kondo, S.
name: Bentz, G. L.
name: Torrisi, M. R.
name: Yoshizaki, T.
name: Wakisaka, N.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: It has emerged recently that exosomes are potential carriers of pro-tumorigenic factors that participate in oncogenesis. However, whether oncogenic transcription factors are transduced by exosomes is unknown. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) transcriptionally regulates numerous key aspects of tumor development and progression by promoting a more aggressive tumor phenotype, characterized by increased proliferation and invasiveness coupled with neoangiogenesis. It has been shown that the principal oncoprotein of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), drives oncogenic processes and tumor progression of the highly invasive EBV malignancy, nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We now demonstrate that endogenous HIF1α is detectable in exosomes and that LMP1 significantly increases levels of HIF1α in exosomes. HIF1 recovered from exosomes retains DNA-binding activity and is transcriptionally active in recipient cells after exosome uptake. We also show that treatment of EBV-negative cells with LMP1-exosomes increases migration and invasiveness of NP cell lines in functional assays, which correlates with the phenotype associated with epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). In addition, we provide evidence that HIF1α itself participates in exosome-mediated pro-metastatic effects in recipient cells, as exosome-mediated delivery of active and inactive forms of HIF1α results in reciprocal changes in the expression of E- and N-cadherins associated with EMT. Further, immunohistochemical analysis of NPC tumor tissues revealed direct correlation between protein levels of LMP1 and of the endosome/exosome marker tetraspanin, CD63, which suggests an increase in exosome formation in this EBV-positive malignancy. We hypothesize that exosome-mediated transfer of functional pro-metastatic factors by LMP1-positive NPC cells to surrounding tumor cells promotes cancer progression.
4D covariance of holographic quantization of Einstein gravity
Creators: name: Park, I. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been observed in [Park 2014] that the physical states of the ADM formulation of 4D Einstein gravity holographically reduce and can be described by a 3D language. Obviously the approach poses the 4D covariance issue; it turns out that there are two covariance issues whose address is the main theme of the present work. Although the unphysical character of the trace piece of the fluctuation metric has been long known, it has not been taken care of in a manner suitable for the Feynman diagram computations; a proper handling of the trace piece through gauge-fixing is the key to more subtler of the covariance issues. As for the second covariance issue, a renormalization program can be carried out covariantly to any loop order at intermediate steps, thereby maintaining the 4D covariance; it is only at the final stage that one should consider the 3D physical external states. With the physical external states, the 1PI effective action reduces to 3D and renormalizability is restored just as in the entirely-3D approach of [Park 2014]. We revisit the one-loop two-point renormalization with careful attention to the trace piece of the fluctuation metric and in particular outline one-loop renormalization of the Newton's constant.
description: 31 pages, 5 figures, sign error in eq.(25) (and affected eqs) corrected
TEACHING KAZAKH LITERATURE USING AR (AUGMENTED REALITY) AND VR (VIRTUAL REALITY) TECHNOLOGIES IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS
Creators: name: Nurullayeva, Jazira
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: This article explores the integration of Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) technologies in teaching Kazakh literature. The use of immersive technologies enhances students' engagement, deepens comprehension, and provides an interactive approach to studying literary works. The paper discusses the benefits and challenges of implementing AR and VR in literature education, highlighting their potential to bring historical and cultural contexts to life. Special emphasis is placed on how these technologies can transform traditional literature lessons into an innovative and interactive learning experience.
Optimal Entropy-Transport problems and a new Hellinger-Kantorovich distance between positive measures
Creators: name: Liero, Matthias
name: Mielke, Alexander
name: Savaré, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We develop a full theory for the new class of Optimal Entropy-Transport problems between nonnegative and finite Radon measures in general topological spaces. They arise quite naturally by relaxing the marginal constraints typical of Optimal Transport problems: given a couple of finite measures (with possibly different total mass), one looks for minimizers of the sum of a linear transport functional and two convex entropy functionals, that quantify in some way the deviation of the marginals of the transport plan from the assigned measures. As a powerful application of this theory, we study the particular case of Logarithmic Entropy-Transport problems and introduce the new Hellinger-Kantorovich distance between measures in metric spaces. The striking connection between these two seemingly far topics allows for a deep analysis of the geometric properties of the new geodesic distance, which lies somehow between the well-known Hellinger-Kakutani and Kantorovich-Wasserstein distances.
description: Revision includes slight modifications in the presentation and corrections of typos
Supplementary methods and statistical parameter estimates from Sexual selection, body mass and molecular evolution interact to predict diversification in birds
Creators: name: Iglesias-Carrasco, Maider
name: Jennions, Michael D.
name: Ho, Simon Y. W.
name: Duchêne, David A.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Sexual selection is a powerful agent of evolution, driving microevolutionary changes in the genome and macroevolutionary rates of lineage diversification. The mechanisms by which sexual selection might influence macroevolution remain poorly understood. For example, sexual selection might drive positive selection for key adaptations that facilitate diversification. Furthermore, sexual selection might be a general driver of molecular evolutionary rate. We lay out some of the potential mechanisms that create a link between sexual selection and diversification, based on causal effects on other life-history traits such as body mass and the rate of molecular evolution. Birds are ideally suited for testing the importance of these relationships because of their diverse reproductive systems and the multiple evolutionary radiations that have produced their astounding modern diversity. We show that sexual selection (measured as the degree of polygyny) interacts with the rate of molecular evolution and with body mass to predict species richness at the genus level. A high degree of polygyny and rapid molecular evolution are positively associated with the net rate of diversification, with the two factors being especially important for explaining diversification in large-bodied taxa. Our findings further suggest that mutation rates underpin some of the macroevolutionary effects of sexual selection. We synthesize the existing theory on sexual selection as a force for diversity and propose avenues for exploring this association using genome data.
Antimycobacterial activity of marine cyanobacterial species against Mycobacterium smegmatis
Creators: name: CHANDRASEKARAN, Murugesan
name: SUNDARARAMAN, Muthuraman
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2012

description: The studies of antimycobacterial activity of extracts (ethanol, ethyl acetate and hexane) from 18 marine cyanobacterial strains have shown specific inhibitory activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis. All the strains were evaluated for antimycobacterial activity by disc diffusion method followed by spread plate, broth dilution and streak plate methods. It was found that among the 18 cyanobacterial species, Oscillatoria laetevirens BDU 141071 had the highest activity in all the three solvent systems. Among them three strains, Oscillatoria willei BDU 130711, Oscillatoria willei BDU 130791 and Phormidium corium BDU 60201 had no activity. The results revealed that most of the ethyl acetate extracts (13 cyanobacterial strains) were active against Mycobacterium smegmatis compared to ethanol (eight cyano - bacterial strains) and hexane (five cyanobacterial strains) extracts. The present study shows that some marine cyanobacteria harbor potential lead compounds having antimycobacterial activity.
(401007) Christina Ritchie
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
A Supercooled Spin Liquid State in the Frustrated Pyrochlore Dy2Ti2O7
Creators: name: Kassner, Ethan R.
name: Eyvazov, Azar B.
name: Pichler, Benjamin
name: Munsie, Timothy J. S.
name: Dabkowska, Hanna A.
name: Luke, Graeme M.
name: Davis, J. C. Séamus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A "supercooled" liquid develops when a fluid does not crystallize upon cooling below its ordering temperature. Instead, the microscopic relaxation times diverge so rapidly that, upon further cooling, equilibration eventually becomes impossible and glass formation occurs. Classic supercooled liquids exhibit specific identifiers including microscopic relaxation times diverging on a Vogel-Tammann-Fulcher (VTF) trajectory, a Havriliak-Negami (HN) form for the dielectric function, and a general Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts (KWW) form for time-domain relaxation. Recently, the pyrochlore Dy2Ti2O7 has become of interest because its frustrated magnetic interactions may, in theory, lead to highly exotic magnetic fluids. However, its true magnetic state at low temperatures has proven very difficult to identify unambiguously. Here we introduce high-precision, boundary-free magnetization transport techniques based upon toroidal geometries and gain a fundamentally new understanding of the time- and frequency-dependent magnetization dynamics of Dy2Ti2O7. We demonstrate a virtually universal HN form for the magnetic susceptibility, a general KWW form for the real-time magnetic relaxation, and a divergence of the microscopic magnetic relaxation rates with precisely the VTF trajectory. Low temperature Dy2Ti2O7 therefore exhibits the characteristics of a supercooled magnetic liquid; the consequent implication is that this translationally invariant lattice of strongly correlated spins is evolving towards an unprecedented magnetic glass state, perhaps due to many-body localization of spin.
description: Version 2 updates: added legend for data in Figures 4A and 4B; corrected equation reference in caption for Figure 4C
The reproductive biology of Pomadasys kaakan (Osteichthyes: Haemulidae) in the northern Persian Gulf
Creators: name: FALAHATIMARVAST, Ali
name: POORBAGHER, Hadi
name: LOKMAN, P. Mark
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2012

description: The reproductive characteristics of the javelin grunter Pomadasys kaakan Cuvier, 1830 were investigated in Iranian waters of the Persian Gulf from January to December 2006. Five gametogenic stages were defined based on histological analyses of the gonad and oocyte diameters were measured. There was no significant difference in overall condition factor or feeding status between sexes. The length at first maturation (LM50) was 39.3 and 47.7 cm in males and females, respectively. The specimens were mature from January-February to March-July, when fish started to spawn. Pomadasys kaakan has a prolonged spawning season extending from January to August. Oocyte-size frequency distributions of mature specimens were polymodal suggesting multiple spawning. The sex ratio biased towards females at most sampling times and the overall sex ratio (M:F) was 1:1.5. In conclusion, this study shows that Pomadasys kaakan has a distinct annual reproductive cycle, a prolonged spawning season, and females are the predominant sex in the population.
Nuclear marker Me 15/16 analyses of Mytilus galloprovincialis populations along the eastern Adriatic coast
Creators: name: HAMER, Bojan
name: KORLEVIĆ, Marino
name: DURMIŠI, Emina
name: NERLOVIĆ, Vedrana
name: BIERNE, Nicolas
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2012

description: Mussels Mytilus spp. belong to a group of key species in coastal marine ecosystems. This work demonstrates the dominant presence of Mediterranean mussel M. galloprovincialis along the eastern Adriatic coast. Morphometric characteristics of sampled mussels were inside normal values for M. galloprovincials, with a height/length ratio of 55.89 ± 5.08% and a width/length ratio of 38.76 ± 3.42%. Populations of Croatian Adriatic Sea were nearly fixed for the G allele at the Me 15/16 locus as it is usually observed with M. galloprovincialis samples. However, two specimens among the 110 analysed showed a heterozygote genotype: one with an E (M. edulis) allele and one with a T (M. trossulus) allele. By sequencing PCR products we proved that the 126 bp, 168 bp and 180 bp bands correspond to the G, T and E alleles previously reported. The presence of the E allele at low frequency in M. galloprovincialis mussels can simply be explained by introgression, as M. edulis and M. galloprovincialis are known to hybridise and exchange genes. Faraway from M. trossulus distribution area, the presence of the T allele is very surprising. According to the current distribution of these three species, T alleles would first need to introgress into M. edulis before having the opportunity to introgress into M. galloprovincialis. The presence of the T allele in Mediterranean samples would either suggest a recent impact of human transportation or would be the testament of an historical contact between M. galloprovincialis and M. trossulus during glacial periods. The Me 15/16 locus alone does not appear to be completely diagnostic between the three species and should be combined with other nuclear markers.
Dielectric Screening in Atomically Thin Boron Nitride Nanosheets
Creators: name: Li, Lu Hua
name: Santos, Elton J. G.
name: Xing, Tan
name: Cappelluti, Emmanuele
name: Roldán, Rafael
name: Chen, Ying
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-dimensional (2D) hexagonal boron nitride (BN) nanosheets are excellent dielectric substrate for graphene, molybdenum disulfide and many other 2D nanomaterials based electronic and photonic devices. To optimize the performance of these 2D devices, it is essential to understand the dielectric screening properties of BN nanosheets as a function of the thickness. Here, electric force microscopy along with theoretical calculations based on both state-of-the-art first-principles calculations with van der Waals interactions under consideration and non-linear Thomas-Fermi theory models are used to investigate the dielectric screening in high-quality BN nanosheets of different thicknesses. It is found that atomically thin BN nanosheets are less effective in electric field screening, but the screening capability of BN shows a relatively weak dependence on the layer thickness.
Charakteristika von Repräsentationen im Biologieunterricht aus Sicht von Schülerinnen und Schülern der Sekundarstufe II
Creators: name: Ziepprecht, Kathrin
name: Jäger, Damon Sebastian
name: Schwanewedel, Julia
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Didaktik der Biologie (ZDB) - Biologie Lehren und Lernen
Year: 2017

description: Zusammenfassung Externe Repräsentationen sind von zentraler Bedeutung für den Biologieunterricht. In diesem Zusammenhang existieren zahlreiche Befunde bezüglich der Kompetenzen von Lernenden im Umgang mit fachspezifischen Texten, Bildern sowie Multiplen Externen Repräsentationen (MER). Charakteristika von Repräsentationen wurden bisher überwiegend domänenübergreifend und auf theoretischer, kognitionspsychologischer Ebene klassifiziert. Eine solche Klassifikation wird im vorliegenden Beitrag genutzt, um die Lernendenperspektive auf Repräsentationen im Fach Biologie strukturiert zu erfassen. Zu diesem Zweck wurden fünf Leitfadeninterviews mit Schülerinnen und Schülern der Sekundarstufe II durchgeführt und mithilfe der Methode der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen u.a., dass die Schülerinnen und der Schüler die sachliche, wissenschaftliche Natur von biologischen Texten und Bilder für charakteristisch halten. Bezüglich der MER ist festzustellen, dass Darstellungen von Prozessen und Abläufen in Bildern und Texten als typisch für den Biologieunterricht wahrgenommen werden. Die Beschreibung des fachbezogenen Umgangs mit Repräsentationen lässt Hinweise bezüglich der Optimierung von Unterricht und Lernen zu. Abstract External Representations are particularly important for biology teaching in school. In this context, numerous findings exist regarding student’s competences in dealing with biological texts, pictures and multiple external representations (MER). Characteristic of representations haven’t been classified domain specific but on a theoretical, cognitive psychological level. In this article such a classification is used to analyse the learner perspective on representations in biology class in a structured way. To this end, five guided interviews were conducted with students from secondary school. The interviews were analysed employing qualitative content analysis. Among other things the results show that from the learner perspective the objective, scientific nature of biological texts and pictures is characteristic. Regarding MER it can be noted that representations of processes and procedures in pictures and texts are perceived as typical for biology class. The description of subject-related dealing with representations permits guidance for optimizing teaching and learning.
description: Zeitschrift für Didaktik der Biologie (ZDB) - Biologie Lehren und Lernen, Bd. 21 (2017)
Structure, reproduction, and diet of Lophogobius cyprinoides (Gobiidae) in a lagoon of Guadeloupe (French West Indies)
Creators: name: BOUCHEREAU, Jean-Luc
name: CORDONNIER, Sébastien
name: NELSON, Lætitia
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2012

description: From fish samplings (rotenone: 6 February 2002 & 13 May 2003; boxtraps: January 2008 to July 2009) in a mangrove lagoon, the demographic structure, reproductive period and diet of Lophogobius cyprinoides were studied. Individual fish were measured (< 1 mm), weighed (± 0.01 g), and sexed by observing the urogenital papilla, sex-ratios and total length (TL)-standard length and length-mass relationships were calculated. Five individuals per size class (2 mm) were used to study sexual maturity by macroscopic observation of gonad structure with a sexual maturity scale, and diet by qualitative and quantitative examination of digestive tract contents and calculation of the following indices: levels of fullness and vacuity; occurrence, number, and point frequencies of various food items, and quality of nutrition. Growth is isometric and sexual dimorphism in favor of males (78 vs. 64 mm), demographic structure (18 ≤ TL ≤ 78 mm) and condition evolved over time, with a distinct femininization of the population. Sexual inversion appeared from 46 mm onward, and total masculinization at 72 mm. Protogynous hermaphrodism is advantageous in a sedentary, subcryptobenthic species that is reproductively active almost throughout the year. The species has an omnivorous diet specialized in copepods and plants.
Supplementary materials for “Social learning through associative processes: A computational theory”.
Creators: name: Lind, Johan
name: Ghirlanda, Stefano
name: Enquist, Magnus
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 179999 Psychology and Cognitive Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Program and code for scrips
(401006) David Ritchie
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Novel role of Engrailed 1 as a prosurvival transcription factor in basal-like breast cancer and engineering of interference peptides block its oncogenic function
Creators: name: Graves, L. M.
name: Blancafort, P.
name: Beltran, A. S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Basal-like breast tumors are aggressive cancers associated with high proliferation and metastasis. Chemotherapy is currently the only treatment option; however, resistance often occurs resulting in recurrence and patient death. Some extremely aggressive cancers are also associated with hypoxia, inflammation and high leukocyte infiltration. Herein, we discovered that the neural-specific transcription factor, Engrailed 1 (EN1), is exclusively overexpressed in these tumors. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated knockdown of EN1 triggered potent and selective cell death. In contrast, ectopic overexpression of EN1 in normal cells activated survival pathways and conferred resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. Exogenous expression of EN1 cDNA reprogrammed the breast epithelial cells toward a long-lived, neural-like phenotype displaying dopaminergic markers. Gene expression microarrays demonstrated that the EN1 cDNA altered transcription of a high number of inflammatory molecules, notably chemokines and chemokine receptors, which could mediate prosurvival pathways. To block EN1 function, we engineered synthetic interference peptides (iPeps) comprising the EN1-specific sequences that mediate essential protein-protein interactions necessary for EN1 function and an N-terminal cell-penetrating peptide/nuclear localization sequence. These EN1-iPeps rapidly mediated a strong apoptotic response in tumor cells overexpressing EN1, with no toxicity to normal or non EN1-expressing cells. Delivery of EN1-iPeps into basal-like cancer cells significantly decreased the fifty percent inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of chemotherapeutic drugs routinely used to treat breast cancer. Lastly, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry and immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that EN1-iPeps captured targets involved in transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation. Importantly, the EN1-iPeps bound the glutamyl-prolyl tRNA synthetase (EPRS) target, which has been associated with the transcript-specific translational control of inflammatory proteins and activation of amino-acid stress pathways. This work unveils EN1 as an activator of intrinsic inflammatory pathways associated with prosurvival in basal-like breast cancer. We further build upon these results and describe the engineering of iPeps targeting EN1 (EN1-iPeps) as a novel and selective therapeutic strategy to combat these lethal forms of breast cancer.