cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Integrating Quantum Algorithms Into Classical Frameworks: A Predictor-corrector Approach Using HHL
Creators: name: Rathore, Omer
name: Basden, Alastair
name: Chancellor, Nicholas
name: Kusumaatmaja, Halim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The application of quantum algorithms to classical problems is generally accompanied by significant bottlenecks when transferring data between quantum and classical states, often negating any intrinsic quantum advantage. Here we address this challenge for a well-known algorithm for linear systems of equations, originally proposed by Harrow, Hassidim and Lloyd (HHL), by adapting it into a predictor-corrector instead of a direct solver. Rather than seeking the solution at the next time step, the goal now becomes determining the change between time steps. This strategy enables the intelligent omission of computationally costly steps commonly found in many classical algorithms, while simultaneously mitigating the notorious readout problems associated with extracting solutions from a quantum state. Random or regularly performed skips instead lead to simulation failure. We demonstrate that our methodology secures a useful polynomial advantage over a conventional application of the HHL algorithm. The practicality and versatility of the approach are illustrated through applications in various fields such as smoothed particle hydrodynamics, plasma simulations, and reactive flow configurations. Moreover, the proposed algorithm is well suited to run asynchronously on future heterogeneous hardware infrastructures and can effectively leverage the synergistic strengths of classical as well as quantum compute resources.
HFO flammability supporting information
Creators: name: Bell, Ian
name: Domanski, Piotr
name: McLinden, Mark
name: Linteris, Greg
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mechanical Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering

description: This repository contains supporting data and scripts related to the manuscript entitled "The hunt for nonflammable refrigerant blends to replace R-134a"
Note:The compositions stored in the results with flammability are molar fractions, not mass fractions
Light Propagation in Linear Arrays of Spherical Particles
Creators: name: Gozman, Michael
name: Polishchuk, Ilya
name: Burin, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A propagation of dipolar radiation in a finite length linear chain of identical dielectric spheres is investigated using the multisphere Mie scattering formalism (MSMS). A frequency pass band is shown to be formed near every Mie resonances inherent in the spheres. The manifestation of the pass band depends on the polarization of the travelling radiation. To prove this effect, a point dipole placed by the end of the chain is used as an external source of radiation. It is found that, if this dipole is directed parallel to the to the chain axis, the frequency pass bands exist if the refractive index of dielectric spheres is sufficiently large. For the dipole normal to the chain axis, the pass band can always be formed if the chain is sufficiently long. Such a distinction is due to different behavior of the far-field dipolar interaction between the spheres induced by the external source. The edges of the pass bands are defined by the guiding wave criterion based on the light-cone constraint. The criterion of creation of the pass bands correlate with condition of formation of high quality factor modes in these systems found in our previous papers. A comparison with the results available for infinite chains is made. In particular, we clarify the nature of braking down the band structure for small enough wavevectors.
Geometric measure of quantum complexity in cosmological systems
Creators: name: Chowdhury, Satyaki
name: Bojowald, Martin
name: Mielczarek, Jakub
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In Nielsen's geometric approach to quantum complexity, the introduction of a suitable geometrical space, based on the Lie group formed by fundamental operators, facilitates the identification of complexity through geodesic distance in the group manifold. Earlier work has shown that the computation of geodesic distance can be challenging for Lie groups relevant to harmonic oscillators. Here, this problem is approached by working to leading order in an expansion by the structure constants of the Lie group. An explicit formula for an upper bound on the quantum complexity of a harmonic oscillator Hamiltonian with time-dependent frequency is derived. Applied to a massless test scalar field on a cosmological de Sitter background, the upper bound on complexity as a function of the scale factor exhibits a logarithmic increase on super-Hubble scales. This result aligns with the gate complexity and earlier studies of de Sitter complexity. It demonstrates the consistent application of Nielsen complexity to quantum fields in cosmological backgrounds and paves the way for further applications.
description: Title changed, discussion, references and plots added. Matches the published version
Corpos no interior de um recipiente fechado e transparente em queda livre
Creators: name: Lunazzi, Jose Joaquin
name: de Paula, Leandro Aparecido Nogueira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neste artigo discutimos uma nova demonstracao experimental da independencia das propriedades dos corpos (massa, composicao quimica, forma, etc.) na queda livre. Eh uma das experiencias mais simples, porem uma das mais importantes da Mecanica, tendo sido realizada e repensada repetidamente por diversos cientistas tais como Galileu e Newton. Nossa versao eh introduzir dentro de uma garrafa fechada e transparente uma pena e uma pedra observando a queda simultanea destes corpos. Por nao haver a necessidade de produzir vacuo, esta versao pode ser repetida por qualquer aluno e professor de ensino medio e universitario em qualquer ambiente, evidenciando sua viabilidade e aplicabilidade na sala de aula. English version of abstract: In this paper we discuss a new experimental demonstration of the independence of the properties of bodies (mass, chemical composition, shape, etc) in free fall. This is one of the simplest experiments in mechanics, though one of the most important ones, having been repeatedly carried out and rethought by several scientists such as Galileo and Newton. Our version of this famous experiment uses one bottle (closed and transparent), in which we introduce a feather and a stone, observing the simultaneous free fall of these bodies. Because it is not necessary to create vacuum, this version can be repeated by teachers and students alike either in secondary schools or universities in any environment. Thus its viability and applicability in the classroom is evident.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure
Holomorphic Yang-Mills fields on $B$-branes
Creators: name: Viña, Andrés
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 2020: 53C05, 58E15, 18G10

description: Considering $B$-branes over a complex manifold $X$ as objects of the bounded derived category of coherent sheaves over $X$, we define holomorphic gauge fields on $B$-branes and introduce the Yang-Mills functional for these fields. These definitions extend well-known concepts in the context of vector bundles to the setting of $B$-branes.
 For a given $B$-brane, we show that its Atiyah class is the obstruction to the existence of gauge fields. When $X$ is the variety of complete flags in a $3$-dimensional complex vector space, we prove that any $B$-brane over $X$ admits at most one holomorphic gauge field.
 Furthermore, we establish that the set of Yang-Mills fields on a given $B$-brane, if nonempty, is in bijective correspondence with the points of an algebraic set defined by $m$ complex polynomials of degree less than four in $m$ indeterminates, where $m$ is the dimension of the space of morphisms from the brane to its tensor product with the sheaf of holomorphic one-forms.
description: 30 pages. Version to appear in Journal of Geometry and Symmetry in PHysics. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2206.10238
Supersymmetric Deformations of Maximally Supersymmetric Gauge Theories
Creators: name: Movshev, M.
name: Schwarz, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study supersymmetric and super Poincaré invariant deformations of ten-dimensional super Yang-Mills theory and of its dimensional reductions. We describe all infinitesimal super Poincaré invariant deformations of equations of motion of ten-dimensional super Yang-Mills theory and its reduction to a point; we discuss the extension of them to formal deformations. Our methods are based on homological algebra, in particular, on the theory of L-infinity and A-infinity algebras. The exposition of this theory as well as of some basic facts about Lie algebra homology and Hochschild homology is given in appendices.
description: New results added. 111 pages
Stacked Hourglass Network with a Multi-level Attention Mechanism: Where to Look for Intervertebral Disc Labeling
Creators: name: Azad, Reza
name: Rouhier, Lucas
name: Cohen-Adad, Julien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Labeling vertebral discs from MRI scans is important for the proper diagnosis of spinal related diseases, including multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, degenerative cervical myelopathy and cancer. Automatic labeling of the vertebral discs in MRI data is a difficult task because of the similarity between discs and bone area, the variability in the geometry of the spine and surrounding tissues across individuals, and the variability across scans (manufacturers, pulse sequence, image contrast, resolution and artefacts). In previous studies, vertebral disc labeling is often done after a disc detection step and mostly fails when the localization algorithm misses discs or has false positive detection. In this work, we aim to mitigate this problem by reformulating the semantic vertebral disc labeling using the pose estimation technique. To do so, we propose a stacked hourglass network with multi-level attention mechanism to jointly learn intervertebral disc position and their skeleton structure. The proposed deep learning model takes into account the strength of semantic segmentation and pose estimation technique to handle the missing area and false positive detection. To further improve the performance of the proposed method, we propose a skeleton-based search space to reduce false positive detection. The proposed method evaluated on spine generic public multi-center dataset and demonstrated better performance comparing to previous work, on both T1w and T2w contrasts. The method is implemented in ivadomed (https://ivadomed.org).
Radial metallicity profiles for a large sample of galaxy clusters observed with XMM-Newton
Creators: name: Leccardi, A.
name: Molendi, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims. We measured radial metallicity profiles for a sample of ~50 hot, intermediate redshift galaxy clusters, selected from the XMM-Newton archive. Methods. As in our previous paper, we used background modeling rather than background subtraction, and the Cash statistic rather than the chi square. This method requires a careful characterization of all background components. We also performed montecarlo simulations to assess systematic effects. Results. The mean metallicity profile shows a peak in the center, and gently declines out to 0.2 R_{180}. Beyond 0.2 R_{180} the metallicity is roughly 0.2 solar and, at variance with recently published expectations based on simulations, consistent with being flat. We find no evidence of profile evolution from z=0.1 to z=0.3. When comparing our mean profile to those obtained by recent works with BeppoSAX and Chandra, we find remarkable agreement over the entire radial range.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Coalescence of Low-Viscosity Fluids in Air
Creators: name: Case, Sarah C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An electrical method is used to study the early stages of coalescence of two low-viscosity drops. A drop of aqueous NaCl solution is suspended in air above a second drop of the same solution which is grown until the drops touch. At that point a rapidly widening bridge forms between them. By measuring the resistance and capacitance of the system during this coalescence event, one can obtain information about the time dependence of the characteristic bridge radius and its characteristic height. At early times, a new asymptotic regime is observed that is inconsistent with previous theoretical predictions. The measurements at several drop radii and approach velocities are consistent with a model in which the two liquids coalesce with a slightly deformed interface.
การรับรู้รายได้จากสัญญากับลูกค้า : โมเดลใหม่ในการรับรู้รายได้
Creators: name: กุลยา จันทะเดช
Publisher: name: คณะพาณิชยศาสตร์และการบัญชี มหาวิทยาลัยธรรมศาสตร์
Year: 2014
Subjects: รายได้; การรับรูรายได้; โมเดลสัญญากับลูกค้า; มาตรฐานการรายงานทางการเงิน

description: 27 (เมษายน 57), 10, วารสารวิชาชีพบัญชี JAP
Multiparameter admittance spectroscopy for investigating defects in MoS${_2}$ thin film MOSFETs
Creators: name: Reato, Eros
name: Esteki, Ardeshir
name: Ku, Benny
name: Wang, Zhenxing
name: Heuken, Michael
name: Lemme, Max C.
name: Engström, Olof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A method for assessing the quality of electronic material properties of thin-film metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) is presented. By investigating samples with MOCVD-grown MoS${_2}$ channels exposed to atmospheric conditions, the existence of electron traps in MoS${_2}$ and at the interface between the gate insulator and the thin-film MoS${_2}$ are revealed. Differential conductance and capacitance data of the transistor channels are plotted as 3D surfaces on a base plane spanned by the measurement frequency versus the gate voltage. The existence of defects is confirmed by comparison with ideal results from a theoretical model.
description: 24 pages
Euclidean Tours in Fairy Chess
Creators: name: Di Pietro, Gabriele
name: Ripà, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Mathematics (math.GM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C12, 05C38 (Primary) 05C57 (Secondary)

description: The present paper aims to extend the knight's tour problem for $k$-dimensional grids of the form $\{0,1\}^k$ to other fairy chess leapers. Accordingly, we constructively show the existence of closed tours in $2 \times 2 \times \cdots \times 2$ ($k$ times) chessboards concerning the wazir, the threeleaper, and the zebra, for all $k \geq 15$. Our result considers the three above-mentioned leapers and replicates for each of them the recent discovery of Euclidean knight's tours for the same set of $2 \times 2 \times \cdots \times 2$ grids, opening a new research path on the topic by studying different fairy chess leapers that perform jumps of fixed Euclidean length on given regular grids, visiting all their vertices exactly once before coming back to the starting one.
description: 9 pages
Decision-Theoretic Question Generation for Situated Reference Resolution: An Empirical Study and Computational Model
Creators: name: Gervits, Felix
name: Briggs, Gordon
name: Roque, Antonio
name: Kadomatsu, Genki A.
name: Thurston, Dean
name: Scheutz, Matthias
name: Marge, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.6; J.4

description: Dialogue agents that interact with humans in situated environments need to manage referential ambiguity across multiple modalities and ask for help as needed. However, it is not clear what kinds of questions such agents should ask nor how the answers to such questions can be used to resolve ambiguity. To address this, we analyzed dialogue data from an interactive study in which participants controlled a virtual robot tasked with organizing a set of tools while engaging in dialogue with a live, remote experimenter. We discovered a number of novel results, including the distribution of question types used to resolve ambiguity and the influence of dialogue-level factors on the reference resolution process. Based on these empirical findings we: (1) developed a computational model for clarification requests using a decision network with an entropy-based utility assignment method that operates across modalities, (2) evaluated the model, showing that it outperforms a slot-filling baseline in environments of varying ambiguity, and (3) interpreted the results to offer insight into the ways that agents can ask questions to facilitate situated reference resolution.
description: To be published in the proceedings of the 23rd ACM International Conference on Multimodal Interaction (ICMI) 2021
The revising of under the volcano : a study in literary creativity
Creators: name: Pottinger, Andrew
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Between 1936 and 1946 Malcolm Lowry produced a succession of versions or revisions of Under the Volcano. He began this lengthy undertaking in Cuernavaca, Mexico, and continued it in Los Angeles—where he moved in 1938—and Vancouver, British Columbia to which he moved just prior to the outbreak of war in 1939. In 1940 he submitted what he considered at the time to be the final version to a number of major and minor publishers, all of whom had rejected it by 1941. During the same year, having moved out of the city of Vancouver to the nearby squatter's settlement at Dollarton, Lowry re-commenced to revise the novel. By Christmas of 1944, after thousands of pages of revisions, he had more-or-less completed another "final" version, and a retyped copy of this was accepted in 1945 for publication early in 1947. In general, the many successive post-1940 versions of the novel show only minor alterations to the basic story or plot of the rejected version. But Lowry re-presented this fundamental story in such a way that the overall effect of the novel published in 1947 was extremely different from that of the rejected 1940 version. In the course of this post-1941 revising of the novel, Lowry made a great many marginal annotations. As a rule they recorded his immediate feelings or thoughts about some aspect of the draft version he was considering at the time. Examination of these notes reveals a pattern of motivation lying behind Lowry's gradual representation of the novel's basic story. On the one hand, his critical notes ultimately expressed dissatisfaction with a melodramatic and allegorical view of the world implicitly held by the narrator of the pre-1941 versions of the novel; on the other, his strategic notes complemented this criticism by recording his local attempts to represent the novel's basic story from a philosophically and psychologically more complex point-of-view. It also becomes clear during examination of Lowry's marginalia that the earlier narrator's implied view of the world was profoundly neurotic. And the structure of this neurosis precisely paralleled a neurosis evident in Lowry's own view of the people around him prior to 1941 and his move to Dollarton. Regarded in this light, Lowry's marginal notes appear to record not only a creative aesthetic development but also a creative re-vision of his own personality—a movement away from his own neurosis that he achieved by means of his literary engagement. In the final analysis the personal and literary undertakings must be understood as a single integrated process; the record of Lowry's revision of Under the Volcano is thus an extremely detailed example of precisely how literary creativity can be understood as therapy.
Discovery of Extra-Planar HI Clouds and a HI Tail in the M101 Galaxy Group with FAST
Creators: name: Xu, Jin-Long
name: Zhang, Chuan-Peng
name: Yu, Naiping
name: Zhu, Ming
name: Jiang, Peng
name: Wang, Jie
name: Guan, Xin
name: Liu, Xiao-Lan
name: Liang, Xiaolian
name: Collaboration, the FAST
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new high-sensitivity HI observation toward nearby spiral galaxy M101 and its adjacent 2$^{\circ}\times$ 2$^{\circ}$ region using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST). From the observation, we detect a more extended and asymmetric HI disk around M101. While the HI velocity field within the M101's optical disk region is regular, indicating that the relatively strong disturbance occurs in its outer disk. Moreover, we identify three new HI clouds located on the southern edge of the M101's HI disk. The masses of the three HI clouds are 1.3$\times$10$^{7}$ $M_{\odot}$, 2.4$\times$10$^{7}$ $M_{\odot}$, and 2.0$\times$10$^{7}$ $M_{\odot}$, respectively. The HI clouds similar to dwarf companion NGC 5477 rotate with the HI disk of M101. Unlike the NGC 5477, they have no optical counterparts. Furthermore, we detect a new HI tail in the extended HI disk of M101. The HI tail detected gives a reliable evidence for M101 interaction with the dwarf companion NGC 5474. We argue that the extra-planar gas (three HI clouds) and the HI tail detected in the M101's disk may origin from a minor interaction with NGC 5474.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Bounds for the relative n-th nilpotency degree in compact groups
Creators: name: Rezaei, Rashid
name: Russo, Francesco G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20P05, 22A05, 28C10, 22A20, 43A05

description: The line of investigation of the present paper goes back to a classical work of W. H. Gustafson of the 1973, in which it is described the probability that two randomly chosen group elements commute. In the same work, he gave some bounds for this kind of probability, providing information on the group structure. We have recently obtained some generalizations of his results for finite groups. Here we improve them in the context of the compact groups.
description: 9 pages; to appear in Asian-European Journal of Mathematics with several improvements
One-loop gg->bb(bar) effects in the main irreducible background to exclusive H->bb(bar) production at the LHC
Creators: name: Shuvaev, A. G.
name: Khoze, V. A.
name: Martin, A. D.
name: Ryskin, M. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the amplitude of gg->bb(bar) production for the colour singlet, J_z=0 di-gluon state at O(α_S^2) order. We consider the cancellation, and a realistic cutoff, of the infrared divergent terms. We show that the one-loop radiative QCD contributions effectively reduce the Born level result for the central exclusive bb(bar) cross section at the LHC. This process is essentially the only irreducible QCD background to the exclusive H->bb(bar) signal.
description: 24 pages, 5 figures
Doping and Temperature Dependence of Raman Scattering of NdFeAsO1-xFx (x=0.0, 0.1, 0.2) Superconductor
Creators: name: Zhang, L.
name: Fujita, T.
name: Chen, F.
name: Feng, D. L.
name: Maekawa, S.
name: Chen, M. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Raman spectra of polycrystalline NdFeAsO1-xFx (x=0.0, 0.1, 0.2) compound have been systematically investigated as functions of temperature and fluorine concentration. Scanning electron microscopic and Raman microscopic characterization demonstrates that the polycrystalline samples mainly contain two phases, i.e. superconductor NdFeAsO1-xFx compound and a MnP-type FeAs phase, with dissimilar characteristic Raman bands. It was found that fluorine doping leads to structure disorder in the insulator Nd-O layers and high temperature coefficient of Fe-As vibrational mode.
Space, time and machines
Creators: name: Annila, Arto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The 2nd law of thermodynamics is used to shed light on present-day puzzles in cosmology. The universal law, given as an equation of motion, describes diverse systems when consuming free energy via various mechanisms to attain stationary states in their respective surroundings. Expansion of the Universe, galactic rotation and lensing as well as clustering of red-shifted spectral lines are found as natural consequences of the maximal energy dispersal that satisfies the conservation of energy, in the forms of kinetic, potential and dissipation. The Universe in its entirety is pictured as a giant Riemann resonator in evolution via step-by-step spontaneous breaking of one stationary-state symmetry to another to diminish energy density differences relative to its zero-density "surroundings". The continuum equation of evolution is proven equivalent to the Navier-Stokes equation. The ubiquitous flow equation has no solution because the forces and flows are inseparable when the dissipative process has three or more degrees of freedom. Since an evolving system is without a norm, there is no unitary transformation to solve the characteristic equation, but detailed trajectories remain inherently intractable. Conversely, stationary-state trajectories can be solved.
description: 19 pages, 8 figures
How to beat a Bayesian adversary
Creators: name: Ding, Zihan
name: Jin, Kexin
name: Latz, Jonas
name: Liu, Chenguang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 90C15, 65C35, 68T07

description: Deep neural networks and other modern machine learning models are often susceptible to adversarial attacks. Indeed, an adversary may often be able to change a model's prediction through a small, directed perturbation of the model's input - an issue in safety-critical applications. Adversarially robust machine learning is usually based on a minmax optimisation problem that minimises the machine learning loss under maximisation-based adversarial attacks.
 In this work, we study adversaries that determine their attack using a Bayesian statistical approach rather than maximisation. The resulting Bayesian adversarial robustness problem is a relaxation of the usual minmax problem. To solve this problem, we propose Abram - a continuous-time particle system that shall approximate the gradient flow corresponding to the underlying learning problem. We show that Abram approximates a McKean-Vlasov process and justify the use of Abram by giving assumptions under which the McKean-Vlasov process finds the minimiser of the Bayesian adversarial robustness problem. We discuss two ways to discretise Abram and show its suitability in benchmark adversarial deep learning experiments.
Introducing the FLAMINGOS-2 Split-K Medium Band Filters: The Impact on Photometric Selection of High-z Galaxies in the FENIKS-pilot survey
Creators: name: Esdaile, James
name: Labbe, Ivo
name: Glazebrook, Karl
name: Antwi-Danso, Jacqueline
name: Papovich, Casey
name: Taylor, Edward
name: Marsan, Z. Cemile
name: Muzzin, Adam
name: Straatman, Caroline M. S.
name: Marchesini, Danilo
name: Diaz, Ruben
name: Spitler, Lee
name: Tran, Kim-Vy H.
name: Goodsell, Stephen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Deep near-infrared photometric surveys are efficient in identifying high-redshift galaxies, however they can be prone to systematic errors in photometric redshift. This is particularly salient when there is limited sampling of key spectral features of a galaxy's spectral energy distribution (SED), such as for quiescent galaxies where the expected age-sensitive Balmer/4000 A break enter the $K$-band at $z>4$. With single filter sampling of this spectral feature, degeneracies between SED models and redshift emerge. A potential solution to this comes from splitting the $K$-band into multiple filters. We use simulations to show an optimal solution is to add two medium-band filters, $K_\mathrm{blue}$ ($λ_\mathrm{cen}$=2.06 $μ$m, $Δλ$=0.25 $μ$m) and $K_\mathrm{red}$ ($λ_\mathrm{cen}$=2.31 $μ$m, $Δλ$=0.27 $μ$m), that are complementary to the existing $K_\mathrm{s}$ filter. We test the impact of the $K$-band filters with simulated catalogues comprised of galaxies with varying ages and signal-to-noise. The results suggest that the $K$-band filters do improve photometric redshift constraints on $z>4$ quiescent galaxies, increasing precision and reducing outliers by up to 90$\%$. We find that the impact from the $K$-band filters depends on the signal-to-noise, the redshift and the SED of the galaxy. The filters we designed were built and used to conduct a pilot of the FLAMINGOS-2 Extra-galactic Near-Infrared $K$-band Split (FENIKS) survey. While no new $z>4$ quiescent galaxies are identified in the limited area pilot, the $K_\mathrm{blue}$ and $K_\mathrm{red}$ filters indicate strong Balmer/4000 A breaks in existing candidates. Additionally we identify galaxies with strong nebular emission lines, for which the $K$-band filters increase photometric redshift precision and in some cases indicate extreme star-formation.
description: 27 pages, 18 figures. Accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal
Additional file 1 of Thermodynamics Controlled Sharp Transformation from InP to GaP Nanowires via Introducing Trace Amount of Gallium
Creators: name: Tian, Zhenzhen
name: Yuan, Xiaoming
name: Zhang, Ziran
name: Jia, Wuao
name: Zhou, Jian
name: Huang, Han
name: Meng, Jianqiao
name: He, Jun
name: Du, Yong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1. Figure S1. (a) HAADF image of a GaP nanowire. EDX mapping of (a). (b) Au, (c) Ga element and (d) In element.
title: Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization
Creators: name: Bourgaux, Camille
name: Ozaki, Ana
name: Peñaloza, Rafael
Publisher: name: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Front Matter
subject: Table of Contents
subject: Preface
subject: Conference Organization
subject: Computing methodologies → Knowledge representation and reasoning
subject: Computing methodologies → Machine learning

description: Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization
description: OASIcs, Vol. 99, International Research School in Artificial Intelligence in Bergen (AIB 2022), pages 0:i-0:x
Photon counting statistics in Gaussian bosonic networks
Creators: name: Kansanen, Kalle S. U.
name: Portugal, Pedro
name: Flindt, Christian
name: Samuelsson, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The statistics of transmitted photons in microwave cavities play a foundational role in microwave quantum optics and its technological applications. By utilizing quantum mechanical phase-space methods, we here develop a general theory of the photon counting statistics in Gaussian bosonic networks consisting of driven cavities with beamsplitter interactions and two-mode-squeezing. The dynamics of the network can be captured by a Lyapunov equation for the covariance matrix of the cavity fields, which generalizes to a Riccati equation, when counting fields are included. By solving the Riccati equation, we obtain the statistics of emitted and absorbed photons as well as the time-dependent correlations encoded in waiting time distributions and second-order coherence functions. To illustrate our theoretical framework, we first apply it to a simple linear network consisting of two coupled cavities, for which we evaluate the photon cross-correlations and discuss connections between the photon emission statistics and the entanglement between the cavities. We then consider a bosonic circulator consisting of three coupled cavities, for which we investigate how a synthetic flux may affect the direction of the photon flow, similarly to recent experiments. Our general framework paves the way for systematic investigations of the photon counting statistics in Gaussian bosonic networks.
description: 37 pages, 7 figures
Gaussian hypergeometric functions and cyclotomic matrices
Creators: name: Wu, Hai-Liang
name: Wang, Li-Yuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $q=p^n$ be an odd prime power and let $\mathbb{F}_q$ be the finite field with $q$ elements. Let $\widehat{\mathbb{F}_q^{\times}}$ be the group of all multiplicative characters of $\mathbb{F}_q$ and let $χ$ be a generator of $\widehat{\mathbb{F}_q^{\times}}$. In this paper, we investigate arithmetic properties of certain cyclotomic matrices involving nonzero squares over $\mathbb{F}_q$. For example, let $s_1,s_2,\cdots,s_{(q-1)/2}$ be all nonzero squares over $\mathbb{F}_q$. For any integer $1\le r\le q-2$, define the matrix
 $$B_{q,2}(χ^r):=\left[χ^r(s_i+s_j)+χ^r(s_i-s_j)\right]_{1\le i,j\le (q-1)/2}.$$
 We prove that if $q\equiv 3\pmod 4$, then
 $$\det (B_{q,2}(χ^r))=\prod_{0\le k\le (q-3)/2}J_q(χ^r,χ^{2k})=
 \begin{cases}
 (-1)^{\frac{q-3}{4}}{\bf i}^nG_q(χ^r)^{\frac{q-1}{2}}/\sqrt{q} & \mbox{if}\ r\equiv 1\pmod 2,\\
 G_q(χ^r)^{\frac{q-1}{2}}/q & \mbox{if}\ r\equiv 0\pmod 2,
 \end{cases}$$
 where $J_q(χ^r,χ^{2k})$ and $G_q(χ^r)$ are the Jacobi sum and the Gauss sum over $\mathbb{F}_q$ respectively.
Photo-induced Tomonaga-Luttinger-like liquid in a Mott insulator
Creators: name: Oka, Takashi
name: Aoki, Hideo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photo-induced metallic states in a Mott insulator are studied for the half-filled, one-dimensional Hubbard model with the time-dependent density matrix renormalization group. An irradiation of strong AC field is found to create a linear dispersion in the optical spectrum (current-current correlation) in the nonequilibrium steady state reminiscent of the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid for the doped Mott insulator in equilibrium. The spin spectrum in nonequilibrium retains the des Cloizeaux-Pearson mode with the spin velocity differing from the charge velocity. The mechanism of the photocarrier-doping, along with the renormalization in the charge velocity, is analyzed in terms of an effective Dirac model.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Wireless Powered Communication Networks with Non-Ideal Circuit Power Consumption
Creators: name: Pejoski, Slavche
name: Hadzi-Velkov, Zoran
name: Duong, Trung Q.
name: Zhong, Caijun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Assuming non-ideal circuit power consumption at the energy harvesting (EH) nodes, we propose two practical protocols that optimize the performance of the harvest-then-transmit wireless powered communication networks (WPCNs) under two different objectives: (1) proportional fair (PF) resource allocation, and (2) sum rate maximization. These objectives lead to optimal allocations for the transmit power by the base station (BS), which broadcasts RF radiation over the downlink, and optimal durations of the EH phase and the uplink information transmission phases within the dynamic time-division multiple access (TDMA) frame. Compared to the max-sum-rate protocol, the PF protocol attains a higher level of system fairness at the expense of the sum rate degradation. The PF protocol is advantageous over the max-sum-rate protocol in terms of system fairness regardless of the circuit power consumption, whereas the uplink sum rates of both protocols converge when this power consumption increases.
The Neutrino Flux prediction at MiniBooNE
Creators: name: MiniBooNE Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Booster Neutrino Experiment (MiniBooNE) searches for numu-to-nue oscillations using the O(1 GeV) neutrino beam produced by the Booster synchrotron at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL). The Booster delivers protons with 8 GeV kinetic energy (8.89 GeV/c momentum) to a beryllium target, producing neutrinos from the decay of secondary particles in the beam line. We describe the Monte Carlo simulation methods used to estimate the flux of neutrinos from the beamline incident on the MiniBooNE detector for both polarities of the focussing horn. The simulation uses the Geant4 framework for propagating particles, accounting for electromagnetic processes and hadronic interactions in the beamline materials, as well as the decay of particles. The absolute double differential cross sections of pion and kaon production in the simulation have been tuned to match external measurements, as have the hadronic cross sections for nucleons and pions. The statistical precision of the flux predictions is enhanced through reweighting and resampling techniques. Systematic errors in the flux estimation have been determined by varying parameters within their uncertainties, accounting for correlations where appropriate.
Transition between random and periodic electron currents on a DNA chain
Creators: name: Faraji, Elham
name: Franzosi, Roberto
name: Mancini, Stefano
name: Pettini, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By resorting to a model inspired to the standard Davydov and Holstein-Fröhlich models, in the present paper we study the motion of an electron along a chain of heavy particles modelling a sequence of nucleotides proper to a DNA fragment. Starting with a model Hamiltonian written in second quantization, we use the Time Dependent Variational Principle to work out the dynamical equations of the system. It is found that under the action of an external source of energy transferred to the electron, and according to the excitation site, the electron current can display either a broad frequency spectrum or a sharply peaked frequency spectrum. This sequence-dependent charge transfer phenomenology is suggestive of a potentially rich variety of electrodynamic interactions of DNA molecules under the action of electron excitation. This could imply the activation of interactions between DNA and transcription factors, or between DNA and external electromagnetic fields.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures
An Experimental Evaluation of TEE technology Evolution: Benchmarking Transparent Approaches based on SGX, SEV, and TDX
Creators: name: Coppolino, Luigi
name: D'Antonio, Salvatore
name: Iasio, Davide
name: Mazzeo, Giovanni
name: Romano, Luigi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Protection of data-in-use is a key priority, for which Trusted Execution Environment (TEE) technology has unarguably emerged as a, possibly the most, promising solution. Multiple server-side TEE offerings have been released over the years, exhibiting substantial differences with respect to several aspects. The first comer was Intel SGX, which featured Process-based TEE protection, an efficient yet difficult to use approach. Some SGX limitations were (partially) overcome by runtimes, notably: Gramine, Scone, and Occlum. A major paradigm shift was later brought by AMD SEV, with VM-based TEE protection, which enabled lift-and-shift deployment of legacy applications. This new paradigm has been implemented by Intel only recently, in TDX. While the threat model of the aforementioned TEE solutions has been widely discussed, a thorough performance comparison is still lacking in the literature. This paper provides a comparative evaluation of TDX, SEV, Gramine-SGX, and Occlum-SGX. We study computational overhead and resource usage, under different operational scenarios and using a diverse suite of legacy applications. By doing so, we provide a reliable performance assessment under realistic conditions. We explicitly emphasize that, at the time of writing, TDX was not yet available to the public. Thus, the evaluation of TDX is a unique feature of this study.
description: Under review at IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing
Influence of the Nd3+ Moments on the Magnetic Behaviour of the Oxypnictides superconductors NdFeAsO1-xFx
Creators: name: Bos, Jan-Willem G.
name: Jeglic, Peter
name: Suard, Emmanuelle
name: Brunelli, Michela
name: Arcon, Denis
name: Margadonna, Serena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper has been withdrawn by the authors as the available data were not sufficient to support the conclusions
description: this paper has been withdrawn
Toward solving the cosmological constant problem by embedding
Creators: name: Buniy, Roman V.
name: Kephart, Thomas W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The typical scalar field theory has a cosmological constant problem. We propose a generic mechanism by which this problem is avoided at tree level by embedding the theory into a larger theory. The metric and the scalar field coupling constants in the original theory do not need to be fine-tuned, while the extra scalar field parameters and the metric associated with the extended theory are fine-tuned dynamically. Hence, no fine-tuning of parameters in the full Lagrangian is needed for the vacuum energy in the new physical system to vanish at tree level. The cosmological constant problem can be solved if the method can be extended to quantum loops.
description: published version
From bid-ask credit default swap quotes to risk-neutral default probabilities using distorted expectations
Creators: name: Michielon, Matteo
name: Khedher, Asma
name: Spreij, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Finance (q-fin.MF)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Risk-neutral default probabilities can be implied from credit default swap (CDS) market quotes. In practice, mid CDS quotes are used as inputs, as their risk-neutral counterparts are not observable. We show how to imply risk-neutral default probabilities from bid and ask quotes directly by means of formulating the CDS calibration problem to bid and ask market quotes within the conic finance framework. Assuming the risk-neutral distribution of the default time to be driven by a Poisson process we prove, under mild liquidity-related assumptions, that the calibration problem admits a unique solution that also allows to jointly calculate the implied liquidity of the market.
Fragility and hysteretic creep in frictional granular jamming
Creators: name: Bandi, M. M.
name: Rivera, M. K.
name: Krzakala, F.
name: Ecke, R. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The granular jamming transition is experimentally investigated in a two-dimensional system of frictional, bi-dispersed disks subject to quasi-static, uniaxial compression at zero granular temperature. Currently accepted results show the jamming transition occurs at a critical packing fraction $ϕ_c$. In contrast, we observe the first compression cycle exhibits {\it fragility} - metastable configuration with simultaneous jammed and un-jammed clusters - over a small interval in packing fraction ($ϕ_1 < ϕ< ϕ_2$). The fragile state separates the two conditions that define $ϕ_c$ with an exponential rise in pressure starting at $ϕ_1$ and an exponential fall in disk displacements ending at $ϕ_2$. The results are explained through a percolation mechanism of stressed contacts where cluster growth exhibits strong spatial correlation with disk displacements. Measurements with several disk materials of varying elastic moduli $E$ and friction coefficients $μ$, show friction directly controls the start of the fragile state, but indirectly controls the exponential slope. Additionally, we experimentally confirm recent predictions relating the dependence of $ϕ_c$ on $μ$. Under repetitive loading (compression), the system exhibits hysteresis in pressure, and the onset $ϕ_c$ increases slowly with repetition number. This friction induced hysteretic creep is interpreted as the granular pack's evolution from a metastable to an eventual structurally stable configuration. It is shown to depend upon the quasi-static step size $Δϕ$ which provides the only perturbative mechanism in the experimental protocol, and the friction coefficient $μ$ which acts to stabilize the pack.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures
Discontinuities in Scalar Perturbations of Topological Black Holes
Creators: name: Koutsoumbas, George
name: Papantonopoulos, Eleftherios
name: Siopsis, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the perturbative behaviour of topological black holes. We calculate both analytically and numerically the quasi-normal modes of scalar perturbations. In the case of small black holes we find discontinuities of the quasi-normal modes spectrum at the critical temperature and we argue that this is evidence of a second-order phase transition.
description: 23 pages, 17 figures, published version
Black hole complementarity with local horizons and Horowitz-Maldacena's proposal
Creators: name: Hong, Sungwook E.
name: Hwang, Dong-il
name: Yeom, Dong-han
name: Zoe, Heeseung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To implement the consistent black hole complementarity principle, we need two assumptions: first, there exists a singularity near the center, and second, global horizons are the same as local horizons. However, these assumptions are not true in general. In this paper, the authors study a charged black hole in which the second assumption may not hold. From the previous simulations, we have argued that the event horizon is quite close to the outer horizon, and it seems not harmful to black hole complementarity; however, the Cauchy horizon can be different from the inner horizon, and a violation of complementarity will be possible. To maintain complementarity, we need to assume a selection principle between the singularity and the Hawking radiation generating surface; we suggest that Horowitz-Maldacena's proposal can be useful for this purpose. Finally, we discussed some conditions under which the selection principle may not work.
description: 22 pages, 11 figures