cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Strong-Field Terahertz Control of Plasmon Induced Opacity in Photoexcited Metamaterial
Creators: name: Mousavian, Ali
name: Thompson, Zachary J.
name: Lee, Byounghwak
name: Bradley, Alden N.
name: Sprague, Milo X.
name: Lee, Yun-Shik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A terahertz metamaterial consisting of radiative slot antennas and subradiant complementary split-ring resonators exhibits plasmon induced opacity in a narrow spectral range due to the destructive interference between the bright and dark modes of the coupled oscillators. Femtosecond optical excitations instantly quench the mode coupling and plasmon oscillations, injecting photocarriers into the metamaterial. The plasmon resonances in the coupled metamaterial are transiently restored by intense terahertz pulses. The strong terahertz fields induce intervalley scattering and interband tunneling of the photocarries, and achieve significant reduction of the photocarrier mobility. The ultrafast dynamics of the nonlinear THz interactions reveals intricate interplay between photocarriers and plasmon oscillations. The high-field THz control of the plasmon oscillations implies potential applications to ultrahigh-speed plasmonics.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Interpreting their powerlessness: the case of Filipino domestic workers in Vancouver
Creators: name: Sanchez, Grace B.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis points to an oversight in the literature about foreign domestic workers. Foreign domestic workers have, too often, been portrayed as one-dimensional victims — a group of powerless women vainly struggling for a respectable place in Canadian society. This portrayal, however, while it can explain their disadvantage along class and gender analyses, assumes a concept of power which dismisses their ability to resist. This thesis argues that foreign domestic workers, although occupying a highly disadvantaged position relative to others in society, are not only victims but actors. This argument acknowledges that their lives in Canada are only part of their grander life histories. When foreign domestic workers are placed at the centre of analysis, as subjects rather than objects, I was able to investigate a multifaceted notion of power. Fifteen foreign domestic workers from the Philippines were interviewed and specific questions were asked about their day to day lives, their background, and their ambitions. Their answers reveal a profound understanding of who they are as women, and as domestic workers. Some clearly understand the connections between the economic crisis in the Philippines and their role in that crisis. The interviews also show that domestic workers contemplated their situations beyond the present, and that they recount their lives in episodes of opportunities as well as constraints. Finally, what is most revealing is the strategies they employ to get through their days. Overall, the interviews with foreign domestic workers illustrate that when they are viewed as active social agents, they articulate power at various levels corresponding with their overlapping social roles and multiple levels of struggle.
Vortex solutions in the noncommutative torus
Creators: name: Lozano, G. S.
name: Marques, D.
name: Schaposnik, F. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Vortex configurations in the two-dimensional torus are considered in noncommutative space. We analyze the BPS equations of the Abelian Higgs model. Numerical solutions are constructed for the self-dual and anti-self dual cases by extending an algorithm originally developed for ordinary commutative space. We work within the Fock space approach to noncommutative theories and the Moyal-Weyl connection is used in the final stage to express the solutions in configuration space.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures
Experimental Creation of Single Rydberg Excitations via Adiabatic Passage
Creators: name: Zhou, Ming-Ti
name: Liu, Jian-Long
name: Sun, Peng-Fei
name: An, Zi-Ye
name: Li, Jun
name: Bao, Xiao-Hui
name: Pan, Jian-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In an atomic ensemble, quantum information is typically carried as single collective excitations. It is very advantageous if the creation of single excitations is efficient and robust. Rydberg blockade enables deterministic creation of single excitations via collective Rabi oscillation by precisely controlling the pulse area, being sensitive to many experimental parameters. In this paper, we implement the adiabatic rapid passage technique to the Rydberg excitation process in a mesoscopic atomic ensemble. We make use of a two-photon excitation scheme with an intermediate state off-resonant and sweep the laser frequency of one excitation laser. We find the chirped scheme preserves internal phases of the collective Rydberg excitation and be more robust against variance of laser intensity and frequency detuning.
Big-Rip, Sudden Future, and other exotic singularities in the universe
Creators: name: Dabrowski, Mariusz P.
name: Balcerzak, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss exotic singularities in the evolution of the universe motivated by the progress of observations in cosmology. Among them there are: Big-Rip (BR), Sudden Future Singularities (SFS), Generalized Sudden Future Singularities (GSFS), Finite Density Singularities (FD), type III, and type IV singularities. We relate some of these singularities with higher-order characteristics of expansion such as jerk and snap. We also discuss the behaviour of pointlike objects and classical strings on the approach to these singularities.
description: 3 pages, MG11 proceedings contribution
Cavity-Enhanced Atom-Photon Entanglement with Subsecond Lifetime
Creators: name: Wang, Xu-Jie
name: Yang, Sheng-Jun
name: Sun, Peng-Fei
name: Jing, Bo
name: Li, Jun
name: Zhou, Ming-Ti
name: Bao, Xiao-Hui
name: Pan, Jian-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A cold atomic ensemble suits well for optical quantum memories, and its entanglement with a single photon forms the building block for quantum networks that give promise for many revolutionary applications. Efficiency and lifetime are among the most important figures of merit for a memory. In this paper, we report the realization of entanglement between an atomic ensemble and a single-photon with subsecond lifetime and high efficiency. We engineer dual control modes in a ring cavity to create entanglement and make use of 3-dimensional optical lattice to prolong memory lifetime. The memory efficiency is 38% for 0.1 second storage. We verify the atom-photon entanglement after 1 second storage by testing the Bell inequality with a result of $S=2.36\pm0.14$.
A Survey for Young Spectroscopic Binary K7-M4 Stars in Ophiuchus
Creators: name: Prato, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper describes a high-resolution, infrared spectroscopic survey of young, low-mass stars designed to identify and characterize pre-main-sequence spectroscopic binaries. This is the first large infrared radial velocity survey of very young stars to date. The frequency and mass ratio distribution of the closest, low-mass binaries bear directly on models of stellar, brown dwarf, and planetary mass companion formation. Furthermore, spectroscopic binaries can provide mass ratios and ultimately masses, independent of assumptions, needed to calibrate models of young star evolution. I present the initial results from observations of a uniform sample of 33 T Tauri M stars in the Ophiuchus molecular cloud. The average mass of this sample is less than that of other young star radial velocity surveys of similar scope by a factor of ~2. Almost every star was observed at 3-4 epochs over 3 years with the 10 meter Keck II telescope and the facility infrared spectrometer NIRSPEC. An internal precision of 0.43 km/s was obtained with standard cross-correlation calibration techniques. Four of the targets are newly discovered spectroscopic binaries, one of which is located in a sub-arcsecond, hierarchical quadruple system. Three other sub-arcsecond visual binaries were also serendipitously identified during target acquisition. The spectroscopic multiplicity of the sample is comparable to that of earlier type, pre-main-sequence objects. Therefore, there is no dearth of young, low-mass spectroscopic binary stars, at least in the Ophiuchus region.
description: 30 pages, 6 figures; accepted in Astrophysical Journal
Tracking in Antiproton Annihilation Experiments
Creators: name: Hartmann, O. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A major ingredient of the planned new accelerator complex FAIR, to be constructed at the GSI, Darmstadt, Germany, is the availability of antiproton beams with high quality and intensity. Among the experiments which will make use of this opportunity is PANDA, a dedicated experiment to study antiproton annihilations on nucleons and nuclei. This article gives an overview on the foreseen techniques to perform charged particle tracking in the high rate environment of this experiment.
description: 1 tar.gz file containing 5 pages paper, 3 figures in 5 files; proceedings of the TIME05 workshop
A DFT Investigation of the Electronic and Optical Properties of Pentadiamond
Creators: name: Tromer, Raphael M.
name: Felix, Levy C.
name: Woellner, Cristiano F.
name: Galvao, Douglas S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, a new carbon 3D carbon allotrope named pentadiamond was proposed. Pentadiamond is composed of carbon atoms in mixed sp$^2$ and sp$^3$-like hybridization. In this work, we have carried out a detailed investigation of the electronic and optical properties of pentadiamond structure using first-principles (DFT) methods. Our results show that pentadiamond has an indirect bandgap semiconductor of $2.50$ eV with GGA-PBE and $3.31$ eV with HSE06. Its static dielectric constant is $4.70$ and the static refractive index is $2.16$. Pentadiamond presents low reflectivity, almost 40$\%$, for all-optical spectrum, making it a good structure to be used as a UV collector. Also, pentadiamond exhibits optical activity in the UV range where other carbon allotropes, such as diamond and 8-tetra(2,2) tubulane show no activity.
JADID ARATORI – MUNAVVARQORI ABDIRASHIDXONOV
Creators: name: Abduzoirova Nasiba  Farmon qizi Nizomiy nomidagi TDPU talabasi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ushbu maqolada o‘zbek jurnalistikasi va pedagogikasida o‘zining tashabbuskorligi va yaratuvchanligi bilan boshqa jadidlardan ajralib turuvchi shaxs- Munavvarqori Abdurashidxonovning faoliyati tahlilga tortilgan
Unusual spin-wave population in nickel after femtosecond laser pulse excitation
Creators: name: Lenk, Benjamin
name: Eilers, Gerrit
name: Hamrle, Jaroslav
name: Münzenberg, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spin-wave relaxation mechanisms after intense laser excitation in ferromagnetic nickel films are investigated with all-optical pump-probe experiments. Uniform precession (Kittel mode), Damon-Eshbach surface modes and perpendicular standing spin waves can be identified by their dispersion f(H). However, different to other ferromagnets f(H) deviates from the expected behavior. Namely, a mode discontinuity is observed, that can be attributed to a non-linear process. Above a critical field the power spectrum reveals a redistribution of the energy within the spin-wave spectrum populated.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Troponin C regulation of length-dependent calcium-sensitivity in rabbit skinned psoas muscle fibre segments
Creators: name: Virani, Shahnawaz Amirali
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The involvement of troponin C (TnC) in regulating the length dependence of calcium sensitivity was studied in rabbit skinned psoas muscle fibre segments. Force-pCa curves were acquired from these isolated segments at resting sarcomere lengths (2.4 µm) and at lengths (3.0 µm) longer than the plateau of the tension-length relationship. Partial extraction of endogenous TnC from fibre segments was performed by bathing the fibre in a solution consisting of 20 mM imidazole and 5 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetate at pH 7.85, while a more complete removal of TnC was facilitated by the addition of 1 mM trifluoperazine to the extraction medium. Treated fibres were then reconstituted with either native rabbit skeletal TnC or a mutant TnC in which the amino acid residue at position 130 of the protein's high-affinity domain was replaced with serine (I130S), glycine (I130G) or recombinant isoleucine (1130). These TnC mutants have been shown previously to possess destabilized alpha-helices in the protein's carboxy-terminal domain resulting in altered ion-affinities of the associated Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺ binding sites (Trigo-Gonzalez et al, 1993). Protein removal and replacement were assayed by examining changes in the fibre's ability to generate contractile force and subsequently confirmed by silver stained sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gels of fibre segments. Following fibre reconstitution, force-pCa relations were measured again at both resting and long sarcomere lengths. Results from this study indicate that myofilament calcium sensitivity is neither affected by the method of endogenous TnC extraction nor by mutations to this region of TnC's high-affinity domain.
Study of Forbush effects by means of muon hodoscopes
Creators: name: Barbashina, N. S.
name: Borog, V. V.
name: Dmitrieva, A. N.
name: Kokoulin, R. P.
name: Kompaniets, K. G.
name: Mannocchi, G.
name: Petrukhin, A. A.
name: Room, D. A.
name: Saavedra, O.
name: Shutenko, V. V.
name: Timashkov, D. A.
name: Trinchero, G.
name: Yashin, I. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Muon rate variations during Forbush effects registered by means of muon detectors DECOR, TEMP and URAGAN operated in the experimental complex NEVOD (MEPhI, Moscow) have been studied, and comparative analysis with neutron monitor data has been performed. The ratio of values of Forbush decreases in muon and in neutron fluxes is about one third, and preliminary rigidity dependence of Forbush decrease amplitude using muon data has been also obtained (for 2.4 GV cut-off rigidity). The detection of muon flux in the hodoscopic mode allows to study the dynamics of muon flux anisotropy related with magnetic field perturbations. Results of analysis of data from the new unique muon detector URAGAN indicate the change of muon flux asymmetry direction during the Forbush decrease. This phenomenon is related with the motion of solar plasma cloud and hodoscope acceptance cone relative to each other.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
Evidence for a gapless Dirac spin-liquid ground state in a spin-3/2 triangular-lattice antiferromagnet
Creators: name: Liu, Jiabin
name: Liu, Benqiong
name: Yuan, Long
name: Li, Boqiang
name: Xie, Lei
name: Chen, Xiping
name: Zhang, Hongxia
name: Xu, Daye
name: Tong, Wei
name: Wang, Jinchen
name: Li, Yuesheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a comprehensive investigation of the magnetism of the $S$ = 3/2 triangular-lattice antiferromagnet, $α$-CrOOH(D) (delafossites green-grey powder). The nearly Heisenberg antiferromagnetic Hamiltonian ($J_1$ $\sim$ 23.5 K) with a weak single-ion anisotropy of $|D|$/$J_1$ $\sim$ 4.6% is quantitatively determined by fitting to the electron spin resonance (ESR) linewidth and susceptibility measured at high temperatures. The weak single-ion anisotropy interactions, possibly along with other perturbations, e.g. next-nearest-neighbor interactions, suppress the long-range magnetic order and render the system disordered, as evidenced by both the absence of any clear magnetic reflections in neutron diffraction and the presence of the dominant paramagnetic ESR signal down to 2 K ($\sim$ 0.04$J_1$$S^2$), where the magnetic entropy is almost zero. The power-law behavior of specific heat ($C_m$ $\sim$ $T^{2.2}$) observed below the freezing temperature of $T_f$ = 25 K in $α$-CrOOH or below $T_f$ = 22 K in $α$-CrOOD is insensitive to the external magnetic field, and thus is consistent with the theoretical prediction of a gapless U(1) Dirac quantum spin liquid (QSL) ground state. At low temperatures, the spectral weight of the low-energy continuous spin excitations accumulates at the K points of the Brillouin zone, e.g. $|\mathbf{Q}|$ = 4$π$/(3$a$), and the putative Dirac cones are clearly visible. Our work is a first step towards the understanding of the possible Dirac QSL ground state in this triangular-lattice magnet with $S$ = 3/2.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures, comments are welcome
Phantom Dark Energy and its Cosmological Consequences
Creators: name: Dabrowski, Mariusz P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I discuss the dark energy characterized by the violation of the null energy condition ($\varrho + p \geq 0$), dubbed phantom. Amazingly, it is admitted by the current astronomical data from supernovae. We discuss both classical and quantum cosmological models with phantom as a source of matter and present the phenomenon called phantom duality.
description: 3 pages, MG11 conference proceedings
K -> 3 pi Final State Interactions at NLO in CHPT and Cabibbo's Proposal to Measure a_0-a_2
Creators: name: Gamiz, Elvira
name: Prades, Joaquim
name: Scimemi, Ignazio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the analytical results for the K -> 3 pi final state interactions at next-to-leading order (NLO) in CHPT. We also study the recent Cabibbo's proposal to measure the pi-pi scattering lenghts combination a_0-a_2 from the cusp effect in the pi^0-pi^0 energy spectrum at threshold for K^+ -> pi^0 pi^0 pi^+ and K_L -> pi^0 pi^0 pi^0$, and give the relevant formulas to describe it at NLO. For that, we use the NLO CHPT expression to fit the real part of K -> 3 pi to data while the pi-pi scattering lenghts are treated non-perturbatively. Using them, we make a quantitative estimate of the theoretical uncertaintity of the a_0-a_2 determination at NLO in our approach and obtain that it is not smaller than 5 % if added quadratically and 7 % if linearly for K^+ -> pi^0 pi^0 pi^+. One gets similar theoretical uncertainties if the neutral K_L -> pi^0 pi^0 pi^0 decay data below threshold are used instead. For this decay, there are very large theoretical uncertainties above threshold due to cancellations and data above threshold cannot be used to get the scattering lenghts. All the numbers we present are in the isospin limit apart of two-pion phase space factors which are physical. We compare our results for the cusp effect with Cabibbo and Isidori's results and discuss the differences and agreements. We also comment on the apperance of the singularity at the K -> 3 pi pseudo-threshold s=(m_K-m_pi)^2 in the discontinuity that defines the cusp.
description: 31 pages, 8 figures. v2=v3 Added the full contributions to the cusp from the real part of the discontinuity. v4 Improved text. Matches published version
Augmenting machine learning photometric redshifts with Gaussian mixture models
Creators: name: Hatfield, P. W.
name: Almosallam, I. A.
name: Jarvis, M. J.
name: Adams, N.
name: Bowler, R. A. A.
name: Gomes, Z.
name: Roberts, S. J.
name: Schreiber, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Wide-area imaging surveys are one of the key ways of advancing our understanding of cosmology, galaxy formation physics, and the large-scale structure of the Universe in the coming years. These surveys typically require calculating redshifts for huge numbers (hundreds of millions to billions) of galaxies - almost all of which must be derived from photometry rather than spectroscopy. In this paper we investigate how using statistical models to understand the populations that make up the colour-magnitude distribution of galaxies can be combined with machine learning photometric redshift codes to improve redshift estimates. In particular we combine the use of Gaussian Mixture Models with the high performing machine learning photo-z algorithm GPz and show that modelling and accounting for the different colour-magnitude distributions of training and test data separately can give improved redshift estimates, reduce the bias on estimates by up to a half, and speed up the run-time of the algorithm. These methods are illustrated using data from deep optical and near infrared data in two separate deep fields, where training and test data of different colour-magnitude distributions are constructed from the galaxies with known spectroscopic redshifts, derived from several heterogeneous surveys.
description: 16 pages, 13 figures, accepted MNRAS
Multiplicity fluctuations in relativistic nuclear collisions: statistical model versus experimental data
Creators: name: Begun, V. V.
name: Gazdzicki, M.
name: Gorenstein, M. I.
name: Hauer, M.
name: Konchakovski, V. P.
name: Lungwitz, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The multiplicity distributions of hadrons produced in central nucleus-nucleus collisions are studied within the hadron-resonance gas model in the large volume limit. The microscopic correlator method is used to enforce conservation of three charges - baryon number, electric charge, and strangeness - in the canonical ensemble. In addition, in the micro-canonical ensemble energy conservation is included. An analytical method is used to account for resonance decays. The multiplicity distributions and the scaled variances for negatively, positively, and all charged hadrons are calculated along the chemical freeze-out line of central Pb+Pb (Au+Au) collisions from SIS to LHC energies. Predictions obtained within different statistical ensembles are compared with the preliminary NA49 experimental results on central Pb+Pb collisions in the SPS energy range. The measured fluctuations are significantly narrower than the Poisson ones and clearly favor expectations for the micro-canonical ensemble. Thus this is a first observation of the recently predicted suppression of the multiplicity fluctuations in relativistic gases in the thermodynamical limit due to conservation laws.
description: 27 pages, 9 figures, corrected references
On mirabolic D-modules
Creators: name: Finkelberg, Michael
name: Ginzburg, Victor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let an algebraic group G act on X, a connected algebraic manifold, with finitely many orbits. For any Harish-Chandra pair (D,G) where D is a sheaf of twisted differential operators on X, we form a left ideal D.g in D generated by the Lie algebra g, of G. Then, D/D.g is a holonomic D-module and its restriction to a unique Zariski open dense G-orbit in X is a G-equivariant local system. We prove a criterion saying that the D-module D/D.g is isomorphic, under certain (quite restrictive) conditions, to a direct image of that local system to X. We apply this criterion in the special case where the group G=SL(n) acts diagonally on X = F \times F \times P^{n-1}, a triple product where F is the flag manifold for SL(n) and P^{n-1} is the projective space. We further relate D-modules on F \times F \times P^{n-1} to D-modules on the space SL(n) \times P^{n-1} via a pair, CH, HC, of adjoint functors, analogous to those used in Lusztig's theory of character sheaves. A second important result of the paper provides an explicit description of these functors showing that the functor HC gives an exact functor on the abelian category of mirabolic D-modules.
description: final version
On Energy and Momentum of the Friedman and Some More General Universes
Creators: name: Garecki, Janusz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently some authors concluded that the energy and momentum of the Fiedman universes, flat and closed, are equal to zero locally and globally (flat universes) or only globally (closed universes). The similar conclusion was also done for more general only homogeneous universes (Kasner and Bianchi type I). Such conclusions originated from coordinate dependent calculations performed only in comoving Cartesian coordinates by using the so-called {\it energy-momentum complexes}. By using new coordinate independent expressions on energy and momentum one can show that the Friedman and more general universes {\it needn't be energetic nonentity}.
description: 3 pages, MG11 conference proceedings contribution
Anticipation-induced social tipping -- Can the environment be stabilised by social dynamics?
Creators: name: Müller, Paul Manuel
name: Heitzig, Jobst
name: Kurths, Jürgen
name: Lüdge, Kathy
name: Wiedermann, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the past decades human activities caused global Earth system changes, e.g., climate change or biodiversity loss. Simultaneously, these associated impacts have increased environmental awareness within societies across the globe, thereby leading to dynamical feedbacks between the social and natural Earth system. Contemporary modelling attempts of Earth system dynamics rarely incorporate such co-evolutions and interactions are mostly studied unidirectionally through direct or remembered past impacts. Acknowledging that societies have the additional capability for foresight, this work proposes a conceptual feedback model of socio-ecological co-evolution with the specific construct of anticipation acting as a mediator between the social and natural system. Our model reproduces results from previous sociological threshold models with bi-stability if one assumes a static environment. Once the environment changes in response to societal behaviour the system instead converges towards a globally stable, but not necessarily desired, attractor. Ultimately, we show that anticipation of future ecological states then leads to metastability of the system where desired states can persist for a long time. We thereby demonstrate that foresight and anticipation form an important mechanism which, once its time horizon becomes large enough, fosters social tipping towards behaviour that can stabilise the environment and prevents potential socio-ecological collapse.
description: 22 pages and 4 figures
Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project - Volume 76
Creators: name: Sheridan, R.E.
name: Gradstein, F.M.
name: The Leg 76 Science Party
Publisher: name: U.S. Government Printing Office
Year: 1983
Subjects: Deep Sea Drilling Project
Glomar Challenger
DSDP
Leg 76
Site 533
Site 534
North Atlantic Ocean
Blake Outer Ridge
Blake-Bahama Basin

description: This volume covers Leg 76 of the cruises of the Drilling Vessel Glomar Challenger. The drilling capacity of the Glomar Challenger and the perfected reentry technique permit drilling at more modest yet-still demanding sites, such as Site 534 on Leg 76, in attempts to further our knowledge of the older stratigraphy of the western North Atlantic Ocean and eastern North American continental margin. This was one of the prime objectives of Leg 76, that is, the penetration through Horizon D to the basement as far landward in the Jurassic magnetic quiet zone as possible. A second important objective was drilling into and testing with the pressure core barrel (PCB) the gas hydrates thought to exist on the Blake Outer Ridge. To address these two rather different, broad objectives, two sites were drilled on Leg 76: Site 533 on the Blake Outer Ridge and Site 534 in the Blake-Bahama Basin. Glomar Challenger departed from Norfolk, Virginia in October 1980 and Leg 76 ended in Fort Lauderdale, Florida in December 1980.
A Survey of Deep RL and IL for Autonomous Driving Policy Learning
Creators: name: Zhu, Zeyu
name: Zhao, Huijing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Autonomous driving (AD) agents generate driving policies based on online perception results, which are obtained at multiple levels of abstraction, e.g., behavior planning, motion planning and control. Driving policies are crucial to the realization of safe, efficient and harmonious driving behaviors, where AD agents still face substantial challenges in complex scenarios. Due to their successful application in fields such as robotics and video games, the use of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) and deep imitation learning (DIL) techniques to derive AD policies have witnessed vast research efforts in recent years. This paper is a comprehensive survey of this body of work, which is conducted at three levels: First, a taxonomy of the literature studies is constructed from the system perspective, among which five modes of integration of DRL/DIL models into an AD architecture are identified. Second, the formulations of DRL/DIL models for conducting specified AD tasks are comprehensively reviewed, where various designs on the model state and action spaces and the reinforcement learning rewards are covered. Finally, an in-depth review is conducted on how the critical issues of AD applications regarding driving safety, interaction with other traffic participants and uncertainty of the environment are addressed by the DRL/DIL models. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first survey to focus on AD policy learning using DRL/DIL, which is addressed simultaneously from the system, task-driven and problem-driven perspectives. We share and discuss findings, which may lead to the investigation of various topics in the future.
Large-scale Java GitHub analysis of test case presence and testing frameworks usage
Creators: name: Madeja, Matej
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: improving program comprehension
testing overview in Java
test case presence
java testing frameworks usage

description: Dataset of large-scale GitHub analysis based on GHTorrent list of repositories from May 2019. The dataset contain 6.6M repositories, from which the analysis was successfully executed on 6.3M. Each repository was downloaded, scanned by the proposed script, which collected: number of "test" occurences vs. executable test cases in each file of project containing "test" in the file content number of imports in such files of 26 analyzed testing frameworks The dataset was obtained between 2021-01-22 and 2021-02-24. Dataset is a mysql dump of 1 table, containing the following columns: id - internal table ID full_name - full name of GitHub repository java_kt_processed_files - how many files analyzed in total searched_test_words_in_java_kt - sum of "test" occurrences in the whole project real_tests_java_kt - number of identified test cases real_tests_java_kt_execution_time - time of test case identification in ms loc - line of files processed during test case identification cloc_output - full json output of cloc frameworks_occurrence - json format of particular framework imports occurrences, e.g. {"junit4": 2}, meaning 2 imports found in the whole project. Search was provided only in files containing "test". ratios - ratios in json format of "test" occurrence and number of test cases for each file, e.g. ["2": 1], meaning 2x "test" occurrences, 1x test case prediction_from_annotations - number of test cases detected by annotation prediction_from_starts_with_test - number of test cases detected by "test" at the beginning of test case method prediction_from_public_methods_in_root - number of test cases detected by count of public methods prediction_from_apache_cactus - number of test cases detected by Cactus framework by Apache unable_to_download - unavailable, changed visibility, deleted, etc. created_at - date of data fetch
description: This work was supported by project VEGA No. 1/0762/19: Interactive pattern- driven language development.
Development of an Extrudable Paste to build Mycelium-bound Composites
Creators: name: Soh, E.
name: Chew, Z. Y.
name: Saeidi, N.
name: Javadian, A.
name: Hebel, D.
name: Ferrand, H. Le
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mycelium-bound composites are promising materials for sustainable packaging, insulation, fashion, and architecture. However, moulding is the main fabrication process explored to date, strongly limiting the ability to design the complex shapes that could widen the range of applications. Extrusion is a facile and low energy-cost process that has not been explored yet for mycelium-bound composites with design freedom and structural properties. In this study, we combine cheap, easily and commonly available agricultural waste materials, bamboo microfibres, chitosan, and mycelium from Ganoderma Lucidum, to establish a composite mixture that is workable, extrudable and buildable. We study the impact of bamboo fibre size, chitosan concentration, pH and weight ratio of bamboo to chitosan to determine the optimum growth condition for the mycelium as well as highest mechanical stiffness. The resulting materials have thus low energy costs, are sustainable and can be shaped in diverse forms easily. The developed composition is promising to further explore the use of mycelium-bound materials for structural applications using agricultural waste.
Cluster structure of 20Ne: Evidence for D(3h) symmetry
Creators: name: Bijker, R.
name: Iachello, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the cluster structure of 20Ne and show that the available experimental data can be well described by a bi-pyramidal structure with D(3h) symmetry. Strong evidence for the occurrence of this symmetry comes from the observation of all nine expected vibrational modes (3 singly degenerate and 3 doubly degenerate) and of six (singly degenerate) double vibrational modes. 20Ne appears to be another example of the simplicity in complexity program, in which simple spectroscopic features arise out of a complex many-body system.
description: 35 pages, 8 figures, 16 tables, Nuclear Physics A, in press
LiDAR Based Multi-Robot Cooperation for the 3D Printing of Continuous Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composite Structures
Creators: name: Li, Nanya
name: Link, Guido
name: Ma, Junhui
name: Jelonnek, John
Publisher: name: IOS Press
Year: 2021

description: 3D printing of lightweight continuous carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CCFRP) in three dimensions changes the traditional composite manufacturing processes. The continuous carbon fibers reinforced plastic filament can be printed along the load transmission path and significantly improve the strength of composite structures. Compared to the three-axis computer numerical controlled (CNC) machine based printing process, industrial robots provide the possibility to manufacture complex, spatial and large-scale composite structures. Here, the concept to use multi-robot to print complex spatial CCFRP components simultaneously has been presented. More than one 6 degrees of freedom industrial robots can cooperate with each other and solve the contradiction between structural complexity and printing reachability. During the printing process, the deformation of composite structures may happen, especially for the self-supporting components. Thus, in this paper, a Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) method is introduced to detect the deformation of printed composite structure and the movements of two UR robots. To obtain the point clouds of the printed structure, a LiDAR camera D435i has been installed on one robot. A new approach by combining coordinate transformation and iterative-closest-point (ICP) algorithm has been developed to merge the point clouds collected from different shooting angles of the camera.
A Physics-Informed Machine Learning Approach for Solving Heat Transfer Equation in Advanced Manufacturing and Engineering Applications
Creators: name: Zobeiry, Navid
name: Humfeld, Keith D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A physics-informed neural network is developed to solve conductive heat transfer partial differential equation (PDE), along with convective heat transfer PDEs as boundary conditions (BCs), in manufacturing and engineering applications where parts are heated in ovens. Since convective coefficients are typically unknown, current analysis approaches based on trial and error finite element (FE) simulations are slow. The loss function is defined based on errors to satisfy PDE, BCs and initial condition. An adaptive normalizing scheme is developed to reduce loss terms simultaneously. In addition, theory of heat transfer is used for feature engineering. The predictions for 1D and 2D cases are validated by comparing with FE results. It is shown that using engineered features, heat transfer beyond the training zone can be predicted. Trained model allows for fast evaluation of a range of BCs to develop feedback loops, realizing Industry 4.0 concept of active manufacturing control based on sensor data.
Large-scale Java GitHub search of "test" in content, filename and file path
Creators: name: Madeja, Matej
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: GitHub analysis
"test" occurrence
improving program comprehension

description: Dataset of large-scale GitHub analysis based on GHTorrent list of repositories from May 2019. Dataset includes only repositories with majority Java language, that are not forks. Each of 4.3M repositories was searched for the word "test" via Github Search API in: all files content java files content all filenames java filenames all file paths java file paths Simultaneously, number of current repository commits and watchers where obtained. The dataset was obtained between 2019-08-20 and 2019-10-01. Dataset is a mysql dump of 1 table, containing the following columns: id - internal table ID project_id - ID of `projects` table of GHTorrent's mirror mysql-2019-05-01 full_name - full name of the project found_test_in_path_java - number of occurrences of "test" in java paths found_test_in_path - number of occurrences of "test" in all paths found_test_in_body_java - number of occurrences of "test" in java files content found_test_in_body - number of occurrences of "test" in all files content found_test_in_filename_java - number of occurrences of "test" in java filenames found_test_in_filename - number of occurrences of "test" in all filenames watchers - number of project's watchers created_at - datetime of data fetching last_commit - datetime of last commit all_commits - all commits, along with the inherited (from other ones) project_commits - only commits of the project, without the inherited
description: This work was supported by project VEGA No. 1/0762/19: Interactive pattern- driven language development.
The effects of noise on identification of topic changes in discourse
Creators: name: Tidball, Glynnis Anne
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The purpose of the present study was to investigate how adverse listening conditions affect the ability of normal-hearing listeners to identify the boundaries between discourse topics, or when "what is being talked about" has changed. Twelve subjects (21 to 35 years) listened to digitized recordings of a single speaker's monologues presented in three background noise conditions (+5, 0 and -5 dB S:N). Subjects were asked to push a button when they thought that a change of topic was about to occur in the monologue. Subject responses were analyzed for the latency of topic boundary identification and the number and location of responses. The role of prosodic cues in the identification of topic boundaries was also evaluated. It was found that as the listening condition became less favourable, listeners were slower to identify topic boundaries, were less certain as to where topic boundaries occurred, and relied more heavily on cues to topic initiation than on cues to topic termination for identification of topic boundaries. It was also shown that as the signal-tonoise ratio decreased, listeners were less able to utilize cues to topic boundary that are present in low amplitude utterances such as pitch range and contour, laryngealization and pre-boundary syllable lengthening, but that listeners relied on the prosodic cue of pause duration to identify topic boundaries equally in all three listening conditions.
The relative emission from chromospheres and coronae: dependence on spectral type and age
Creators: name: Linsky, Jeffrey L.
name: Wood, Brian E.
name: Youngblood, Allison
name: Brown, Alexander
name: Froning, Cynthia S.
name: France, Kevin
name: Buccino, Andrea P.
name: Cranmer, Steven R.
name: Mauas, Pablo
name: Miguel, Yamila
name: Pineda, Sebastian
name: Rugheimer, Sarah
name: Vieytes, Mariela
name: Wheatley, Peter J.
name: Wilson, David J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extreme-ultraviolet and X-ray emissions from stellar coronae drive mass loss from exoplanet atmospheres, and ultraviolet emission from stellar chromospheres drives photo-chemistry in exoplanet atmospheres. Comparisons of the spectral energy distributions of host stars are, therefore, essential for understanding the evolution and habitability of exoplanets. The large number of stars observed with the MUSCLES, Mega-MUSCLES, and other recent HST observing programs has provided for the first time a large sample (79 stars) of reconstructed Lyman-alpha fluxes that we compare with X-ray fluxes to identify significant patterns in the relative emission from these two atmospheric regions as a function of stellar age and effective temperature. We find that as stars age on the main sequence, the emissions from their chromospheres and coronae follow a pattern in response to the amount of magnetic heating in these atmospheric layers. A single trendline slope describes the pattern of X-ray vs. Lyman-alpha emission for G and K dwarfs, but the different trendlines for M dwarf stars show that the Lyman-alpha fluxes of M stars are significantly smaller than warmer stars with the same X-ray flux. The X-ray and Lyman-alpha luminosities divided by the stellar bolometric luminosities show different patterns depending on stellar age. The L(Lyman-alpha)/L(bol) ratios increase smoothly to cooler stars of all ages, but the L(X)/L(bol) ratios show different trends. For older stars, the increase in coronal emission with decreasing T(eff) is much steeper than chromospheric emission. We suggest a fundamental link between atmospheric properties and trendlines relating coronal and chromospheric heating,
description: 42 pages, 9 figures. To appear in the Astrophysical Journal
NLRX1 Facilitates Histoplasma capsulatum-Induced LC3-Associated Phagocytosis for Cytokine Production in Macrophages
Creators: name: Liu, C.-Y.
name: Huang, J.-H.
name: Wu-Hsieh, B.A.
name: Ting, J.P.-Y.
name: Hsieh, S.-T.
name: Chang, T.-H.
name: Chen, W.-Y.
name: Kan, H.-W.
name: Wu, S.-Y.
Publisher: name: NLM (Medline)
Year: 2018

description: LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP) is an emerging non-canonical autophagy process that bridges signaling from pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) to autophagic machinery. LAP formation results in incorporation of lipidated LC3 into phagosomal membrane (termed LAPosome). Increasing evidence reveals that LAP functions as an innate defense mechanism against fungal pathogens. However, the molecular mechanism involved and the consequence of LAP in regulating anti-fungal immune response remain largely unexplored. Here we show that Histoplasma capsulatum is taken into LAPosome upon phagocytosis by macrophages. Interaction of H. capsulatum with Dectin-1 activates Syk and triggers subsequent NADPH oxidase-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) response that is involved in LAP induction. Inhibiting LAP induction by silencing LC3α/β or treatment with ROS inhibitor impairs the activation of MAPKs-AP-1 pathway, thereby reduces macrophage proinflammatory cytokine response to H. capsulatum. Additionally, we unravel the importance of NLRX1 in fungus-induced LAP. NLRX1 facilitates LAP by interacting with TUFM which associates with autophagic proteins ATG5-ATG12 for LAPosome formation. Macrophages from Nlrx1-/- mice or TUFM-silenced cells exhibit reduced LAP induction and LAP-mediated MAPKs-AP-1 activation for cytokine response to H. capsulatum. Furthermore, inhibiting ROS production in Nlrx1-/- macrophages almost completely abolishes H. capsulatum-induced LC3 conversion, indicating that both Dectin-1/Syk/ROS-dependent pathway and NLRX1-TUFM complex-dependent pathway collaboratively contribute to LAP induction. Our findings reveal new pathways underlying LAP induction by H. capsulatum for macrophage cytokine response.
Domain Growth, Budding, and Fission in Phase Separating Self-Assembled Fluid Bilayers
Creators: name: Laradji, Mohamed
name: Kumar, P. B. Sunil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A systematic investigation of the phase separation dynamics in self-assembled multi-component bilayer fluid vesicles and open membranes is presented. We use large-scale dissipative particle dynamics to explicitly account for solvent, thereby allowing for numerical investigation of the effects of hydrodynamics and area-to-volume constraints. In the case of asymmetric lipid composition, we observed regimes corresponding to coalescence of flat patches, budding, vesiculation and coalescence of caps. The area-to-volume constraint and hydrodynamics have a strong influence on these regimes and the crossovers between them. In the case of symmetric mixtures, irrespective of the area-to-volume ratio, we observed a growth regime with an exponent of 1/2. The same exponent is also found in the case of open membranes with symmetric composition.