cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
F-theory at order $α'^3$
Creators: name: Minasian, Ruben
name: Pugh, Tom G.
name: Savelli, Raffaele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effective physics of F-theory at order $α'^3$ in derivative expansion. We show that the ten-dimensional type IIB eight-derivative couplings involving the graviton and the axio-dilaton naturally descend from pure gravity in twelve dimensions. Upon compactification on elliptically fibered Calabi-Yau fourfolds, the non-trivial vacuum profile for the axio-dilaton leads to a new, genuinely N=1, $α'^3$ correction to the four-dimensional effective action.
description: 24 pages, minor improvements, typos corrected
Microbiota maintain colonic homeostasis by activating TLR2/MyD88/PI3K signaling in IL-10-producing regulatory B cells
Creators: name: Oka, Akihiko
name: Liu, Bo
name: Wahl, Angela
name: Eu, Chang Soo
name: Fisher, Nancy C.
name: Karp, Christopher L.
name: Herzog, Jeremy W.
name: Nochi, Tomonori
name: Chen, Liang
name: Mishima, Yoshiyuki
name: Hansen, Jonathan J.
name: Sartor, R. Balfour
name: Ting, Jenny P.Y.
name: Fan, Ting-Jia
name: Bulik-Sullivan, Emily
name: Wilson, Justin E.
name: Carroll, Ian M.
name: Garcia, J. Victor
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: Resident microbiota activates regulatory cells that modulate intestinal inflammation and promote and maintain intestinal homeostasis. IL-10 is a key mediator of immune regulatory function. Our studies describe the functional importance and mechanisms by which gut microbiota and specific microbial components influence the development of intestinal IL-10-producing B cells. Using fecal transplant into germ-free (GF) Il10+/EGFP reporter and Il10-/- mice, we demonstrated that microbiota from specific pathogen-free mice primarily stimulated IL-10-producing colon-specific B cells and T regulatory 1 cells in ex-GF mice. IL-10 in turn downregulated microbiota-activated mucosal inflammatory cytokines. TLR2 and -9 ligands and enteric bacterial lysates preferentially induced IL-10 production and the regulatory capacity of intestinal B cells. Analysis of Il10+/EGFP mice crossed with additional gene-deficient strains and B cell cotransfer studies demonstrated that microbiota-induced IL-10-producing intestinal B cells ameliorated chronic T cell-mediated colitis in a TLR2-, MyD88-, and PI3K-dependent fashion. In vitro studies implicated downstream signaling of PI3Kp110δ and AKT. These studies demonstrated that resident enteric bacteria activated intestinal IL-10-producing B cells through TLR2, MyD88, and PI3K pathways. These B cells reduced colonic T cell activation and maintained mucosal homeostasis in response to intestinal microbiota.
Increasing relative nonclassicality quantified by standard entanglement potentials by dissipation and unbalanced beam splitting
Creators: name: Miranowicz, Adam
name: Bartkiewicz, Karol
name: Lambert, Neill
name: Chen, Yueh-Nan
name: Nori, Franco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If a single-mode nonclassical light is combined with the vacuum on a beam splitter, then the output state is entangled. As proposed in [Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 173602 (2005)], by measuring the output-state entanglement for a balanced lossless beam splitter, one can quantify the input-state nonclassicality. These measures of nonclassicality (referred to as entanglement potentials) can be based, in principle, on various entanglement measures, leading to the negativity (NP) and concurrence (CP) potentials, and the potential for the relative entropy of entanglement (REEP). We search for the maximal nonclassicality, which can be achieved by comparing two entanglement measures for arbitrary two-qubit states and those which can be generated from a photon-number qubit via a balanced lossless beam-splitter, where the qubit basis states are the vacuum and single-photon states. Surprisingly, we find that the maximal nonclassicality, measured by the REEP for a given value of the NP, can be increased (if NP<0.527) by using either a tunable beam splitter or by amplitude damping of the output state of the balanced beam splitter. We also show that the maximal nonclassicality, measured by the NP for a given value of the REEP, can be increased by dephasing. The entanglement itself is not increased by these local losses, but the possible ratios of different measures are affected. Moreover, we show that partially-mixed states can be more nonclassical than both pure states and completely-mixed states, by comparing the NP for a given value of the REEP. This implies that not all entanglement measures can be used as entanglement potentials. Alternatively, a single balanced lossless beam splitter is not always transferring the whole nonclassicality of its input state into the entanglement of its output modes. Applying a lossy beam splitter can solve this problem at least for the cases analyzed in this paper.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
Thalassiosira feibelii Brindle & Mohan 2018, spec. nov
Creators: name: Brindle, Matthew
name: Mohan, Joseph
name: Beck, Catherine
name: Stone, Jeffery R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Ochrophyta
Bacillariophyceae
Thalassiosirales
Thalassiosiraceae
Thalassiosira
Thalassiosira feibelii

description: Thalassiosira feibelii Brindle & Mohan spec. nov (Figs. 5 & 6)
Valves are discoid, flat with a short down-turned mantle, diameter 12– 34 μm. Areolae on valve face are consistent in size and weakly arranged in curved rows. Areolae on the mantle are consistent in size and smaller than areolae on the valve face (Fig. 6, A). Foramen are located on the external wall of loculate areolae, elliptic velum is located on the internal wall (Fig. 6, F & G). A single row of compactly spaced fultoportulae encompasses the valve at the junction of the valve face and margin. Internal structure of the fultoportulae are raised and exhibit small struts that extend into four satellite pores. Externally the fultoportulae are raised ~1 μm from valve face and are covered in granules (Fig. 6, B & D). A single rimoportula is associated with fultoportulae that are slightly displaced toward valve center (Fig. 6, C).
 Type: — West Turkana Kaitio, northwestern Kenya, (4.109722° N, 35.871781° E) Pleistocene lake sediment core of the Natoo Member of the Nachukui Formation sediment core (HSPDP-WTK13-1 A) material, sediment depth ~ 60 meters below surface, collected by Feibel, C., Cohen, A., & Beck, C., July 2013, holotype, designated here; deposited in ANSP! (Circled specimen on slide WTK 179, illustrated herein as Fig. 5, B).
 Etymology: — Thalassiosira feibelii is named in honor of Dr. Craig Feibel for his outstanding contributions to understand early hominin-environmental relationships in the Tukana Basin, Kenya.
 Remarks:— Thalassiosira feibelii is remarkably similar to T. faurii (Gasse) Hasle (1978: 282), the most notable difference is that T. feibelii does not exhibit central fultoportulae while T. faurii is characterized as having three central fultoportulae separated by °120, being midway from valve center to valve margin.
description: Published as part of Brindle, Matthew, Mohan, Joseph, Beck, Catherine & Stone, Jeffery R., 2018, Three novel species of Bacillariophyta (Diatoms) in the genera Surirella and Thalassiosira from Pleistocene Paleolake Lorenyang (~ 2 - 1.6 Ma) Turkana Basin, Kenya, pp. 230-240 in Phytotaxa 371 (3) on page 235, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.371.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/13728056
Simulations of GRB detections with the ECLAIRs telescope onboard the future SVOM mission
Creators: name: Antier, S.
name: Schanne, S.
name: Cordier, B.
name: Gros, A.
name: Götz, D.
name: Lachaud, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The soft gamma-ray telescope ECLAIRs with its Scientific Trigger Unit is in charge of detecting Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) on-board the future SVOM satellite. Using the "scientific software model" (SSM), we study the efficiency of both implemented trigger algorithms, the Count-Rate Trigger for time-scales below 20s and the Image Trigger for larger ones. The SMM provides a simulation of ECLAIRs with photon projection through the coded-mask onto the detection plane. We developed an input GRB database for the SSM based on GRBs light curves detected by the Fermi GBM instrument. We extrapolated the GRB spectra into the ECLAIRs band (4-120 keV) and projected them onto the detection plane, superimposed with cosmic extragalactic background photons (CXB). Several simulations were performed by varying the GRB properties (fluxes and positions in the field of view). We present first results of this study in this paper.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Some Exact Properties of the Nonequilibrium Response Function for Transient Photoabsorption
Creators: name: Perfetto, E.
name: Stefanucci, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The physical interpretation of time-resolved photoabsorption experiments is not as straightforward as for the more conventional photoabsorption experiments conducted on equilibrium systems. In fact, the relation between the transient photoabsorption spectrum and the properties of the examined sample can be rather intricate since the former is a complicated functional of both the driving pump and the feeble probe fields. In this work we critically review the derivation of the time-resolved photoabsorption spectrum in terms of the nonequilibrium dipole response function $χ$ and assess its domain of validity. We then analyze $χ$ in detail and discuss a few exact properties useful to interpret the transient spectrum {\em during} (overlapping regime) and {\em after} (nonoverlapping regime) the action of the pump. The nonoverlapping regime is the simplest to address. The absorption energies are indeed independent of the delay between the pump and probe pulses and hence the transient spectrum can change only by a rearrangement of the spectral weights. We give a close expression of these spectral weights in two limiting cases (ultrashort and everlasting monochromatic probes) and highlight their strong dependence on coherence and probe-envelope. In the overlapping regime we obtain a Lehmann-like representation of $χ$ in terms of light-dressed states and provide a unifying framework of various well known effects in pump-driven systems. We also show the emergence of spectral sub-structures due to the finite duration of the pump pulse.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures
Barriers to circular entrepreneurship in Australia: an institutional perspective
Creators: name: Awana, Swati
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: The circular economy is increasingly becoming a popular mechanism for achieving environmental sustainability among scholars, practitioners, businesses, and policymakers. However, research related to the business and management aspect of the circular economy has only recently emerged in the literature. Barriers to the circular economy have been explored by various scholars, but few studies have explored the barriers from the perspective of circular entrepreneurship. Informed by the institutional theory, this research aims to explore the barriers to circular entrepreneurship and identify the distinct factors and actors that foster change in the current institutional context in support of circular entrepreneurship. To explore the barriers to circular entrepreneurship, this study adopts a qualitative approach by conducting 18 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with circular start-up enterprises in Australia. The study deploys the grounded theory analysis method (Corley & Gioia, 2011; Glaser & Strauss, 2017) to identify the barriers to circular entrepreneurship. The study derives 15 barriers that are categorized into the three dimensions of institutional theory: cultural–cognitive, normative, and regulative. The barriers are identified as cognitive, collaboration, cultural, human resource, market, novelty, strategy and planning, technology, economic, government, international business, logistics, process, research and development, and regulatory barriers. Empirical illustrations from the data provide a comprehensive picture of barriers to circular entrepreneurship and denote the interactions between them.
Thalassiosira gasseae Brindle & Mohan 2018, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Brindle, Matthew
name: Mohan, Joseph
name: Beck, Catherine
name: Stone, Jeffery R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Ochrophyta
Bacillariophyceae
Thalassiosirales
Thalassiosiraceae
Thalassiosira
Thalassiosira gasseae

description: Thalassiosira gasseae Brindle & Mohan spec. nov. (Figs. 7 & 8)
Valves are discoid, valve face is flat, with diameter 5–10 μm. Areola are arranged in parallel to weakly curved rows across the valve face. Areolae are loculate with circular velum located on the internal wall (Fig. 8, C). Externally the areolae exhibit flat foramen. Fultoportulae are sparsely distributed around the valve margin. Externally the fultoportulae are simple, internally they are raised, circular, and exhibit four satellite pores. A single rimoportula is present between two fultoportulae (Fig. 8, B & D). Externally the rimoportula is simple and much larger than fultoportula (Fig. 8, A). Internally the rimoportula is simple and raised more near the center of the process (Fig. 8, D).
 Type: — West Turkana Kaitio, northwestern Kenya, (4.109722° N, 35.871781° E) Pleistocene lake sediment core of the Natoo Member of the Nachukui Formation sediment core (HSPDP-WTK13-1 A) material, sediment depth ~ 60 meters below surface, collected by Feibel, C., Cohen, A., & Beck, C., July 2013, holotype, designated here; deposited in ANSP! (Circled specimen on slide WTK 203, illustrated herein as Fig. 7, A).
 Etymology: — Thalassiosira gasseae is named in honor of the original discoverer of this species. Françoise Gasse has contributed greatly to the understanding of modern and fossil diatoms with exceptional regards to the East African Rift Valley.
 Remarks:— Gasse (1986) (Pl. 4, Figs. 11–15) reported this species from the Geradila Salt Marsh in the Gadeb Plains of Ethiopia but did not designate a species name. Thalassiosira gasseae has a similar size range to T. minima Gaarder (1951: 31) however, T. minima exhibits central fultoportulae while T. gasseae lacks central fultoportulae.
description: Published as part of Brindle, Matthew, Mohan, Joseph, Beck, Catherine & Stone, Jeffery R., 2018, Three novel species of Bacillariophyta (Diatoms) in the genera Surirella and Thalassiosira from Pleistocene Paleolake Lorenyang (~ 2 - 1.6 Ma) Turkana Basin, Kenya, pp. 230-240 in Phytotaxa 371 (3) on page 236, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.371.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/13728056
Hypoimmunogenic derivatives of induced pluripotent stem cells evade immune rejection in fully immunocompetent allogeneic recipients
Creators: name: Wang, Dong
name: Lanier, Lewis L.
name: Wahl, Angela
name: Reichenspurner, Hermann
name: Tediashvili, Grigol
name: Garcia, J. Victor
name: Gravina, Alessia
name: Davis, Mark M.
name: Schrepfer, Sonja
name: Thayer, William O.
name: Hu, Xiaomeng
name: De, Chandrav
name: Deuse, Tobias
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: Autologous induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) constitute an unlimited cell source for patient-specific cell-based organ repair strategies. However, their generation and subsequent differentiation into specific cells or tissues entail cell line-specific manufacturing challenges and form a lengthy process that precludes acute treatment modalities. These shortcomings could be overcome by using prefabricated allogeneic cell or tissue products, but the vigorous immune response against histo-incompatible cells has prevented the successful implementation of this approach. Here we show that both mouse and human iPSCs lose their immunogenicity when major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II genes are inactivated and CD47 is over-expressed. These hypoimmunogenic iPSCs retain their pluripotent stem cell potential and differentiation capacity. Endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and cardiomyocytes derived from hypoimmunogenic mouse or human iPSCs reliably evade immune rejection in fully MHC-mismatched allogeneic recipients and survive long-term without the use of immunosuppression. These findings suggest that hypoimmunogenic cell grafts can be engineered for universal transplantation.
Developmental Factors Associated with Math Performance in Children Born Very Preterm
Creators: name: COLLINS, SIMONNE ERIN
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Clinical neuropsychology
Cognition
Cognitive neuroscience

description: For some children born very preterm (VP; <32 weeks’ gestation), math is difficult, and they perform lower than their full term born peers (FT; >37 weeks’ gestation). In this series of longitudinal studies, executive function (EF) and brain gray and white matter development were found to be important correlates of math ability for children born VP and FT, with better EF and greater brain development predicting higher math scores for all children. Vulnerability to math difficulties for children born VP may be due to vulnerability to low EF and altered brain development.
Conversation AI Dialog for Medicare powered by Finetuning and Retrieval Augmented Generation
Creators: name: Agrawal, Atharva Mangeshkumar
name: Shinde, Rutika Pandurang
name: Bhukya, Vasanth Kumar
name: Chakraborty, Ashmita
name: Shah, Sagar Bharat
name: Shukla, Tanmay
name: Relangi, Sree Pradeep Kumar
name: Mutyam, Nilesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities in natural language processing tasks, including dialogue generation. This research aims to conduct a novel comparative analysis of two prominent techniques, fine-tuning with LoRA (Low-Rank Adaptation) and the Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) framework, in the context of doctor-patient chat conversations with multiple datasets of mixed medical domains. The analysis involves three state-of-the-art models: Llama-2, GPT, and the LSTM model. Employing real-world doctor-patient dialogues, we comprehensively evaluate the performance of models, assessing key metrics such as language quality (perplexity, BLEU score), factual accuracy (fact-checking against medical knowledge bases), adherence to medical guidelines, and overall human judgments (coherence, empathy, safety). The findings provide insights into the strengths and limitations of each approach, shedding light on their suitability for healthcare applications. Furthermore, the research investigates the robustness of the models in handling diverse patient queries, ranging from general health inquiries to specific medical conditions. The impact of domain-specific knowledge integration is also explored, highlighting the potential for enhancing LLM performance through targeted data augmentation and retrieval strategies.
description: 12 pages
T cells establish and maintain CNS viral infection in HIV-infected humanized mice
Creators: name: Swanson, Michael
name: Thayer, William O.
name: Sheridan, Patricia
name: Nixon, Christopher C.
name: Garcia, J. Victor
name: Honeycutt, Jenna B.
name: Prince, Francesca
name: Gay, Cynthia L.
name: Eron, Joseph J.
name: Evans, Chris
name: Zakharova, Oksana
name: Wahl, Angela
name: Kuruc, JoAnn
name: Cleary, Rachel A.
name: Liao, Baolin
name: Birath, Shayla
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: The human brain is an important site of HIV replication and persistence during antiretroviral therapy (ART). Direct evaluation of HIV infection in the brains of otherwise healthy individuals is not feasible; therefore, we performed a large-scale study of bone marrow/liver/thymus (BLT) humanized mice as an in vivo model to study HIV infection in the brain. Human immune cells, including CD4+ T cells and macrophages, were present throughout the BLT mouse brain. HIV DNA, HIV RNA, and/or p24+ cells were observed in the brains of HIV-infected animals, regardless of the HIV isolate used. HIV infection resulted in decreased numbers of CD4+ T cells, increased numbers of CD8+ T cells, and a decreased CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio in the brain. Using humanized T cell–only mice (ToM), we demonstrated that T cells establish and maintain HIV infection of the brain in the complete absence of human myeloid cells. HIV infection of ToM resulted in CD4+ T cell depletion and a reduced CD4+/ CD8+ T cell ratio. ART significantly reduced HIV levels in the BLT mouse brain, and the immune cell populations present were indistinguishable from those of uninfected controls, which demonstrated the effectiveness of ART in controlling HIV replication in the CNS and returning cellular homeostasis to a pre-HIV state.
Towards Preserving Privacy and Building Trust among the Users of Cyber-Physical Systems
Creators: name: Chukkapalli, Sai Sree Laya
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2024
Subjects: Cyber-Physical Systems
Privacy
Security

description: “Smart” cyber-physical systems (CPS), from smart homes to smart grids to smart farms, are increasingly embedded in our lives. Each day, they generate large volumes of data through their smart sensors. These data support various artificial intelligence applications such as activity recognition, preventive and predictive maintenance, operational efficiency, and energy optimization, all of which are typically done in the cloud and outside the control of the person/system generating the data. This leads to concerns about the security of these systems, the privacy/confidentiality of the data they generate, and the risks of compliance violations due to the unauthorized use or exposure of personal information. In evolving CPS applications, multiple IoT-based smart systems must collaborate as a part of a distributed infrastructure. This leads to additional concerns about trusting the data/information in the presence of adversaries. We present an approach that solves these issues to support secure, compliant, and resilient operations in CPS environments using a policy-driven access control framework that combines dynamic access control with truth maintenance through context. First, we present the design and implementation of our PROTEGO framework that preserves the security of the system and the privacy of data collected by creating policies on data access grounded in Attribute-Based Access Control. These policies describe who can access the smart system and its data and in what context. When sharing data, the policy describes whether data can be shared based on the context that includes user preferences to infer if and how the data needs transformation for varying levels of privacy before sharing externally. While our framework is agnostic to how data is transformed, we show that transformed data, when run on downstream cloud-based applications such as anomaly detection, has minimal impact on accuracy. Second, we present our Bee-Thoven framework, which detects regulatory violations for sensitive data generated by smart sensors by tracing information flows using Extended Berkeley Packet Filters. This allows real-time monitoring and enforcement of data compliance policies like GDPR, CCPA, and HIPAA without modifying the application code in a transparent, application-agnostic manner with minimal overhead. Third, we design and implement ResilIoT to establish trust between agents by exploring and identifying false information sent across the ecosystems while incorporating context via user preferences. We build on existing truth maintenance systems to create policies that identify false information generated by sensors influenced by adversaries. Using two simulated real-world datasets, we show how this detects and resolves conflicts with minimal additional resources.
Hypogammaglobulinemia in BLT humanized mice - An animal model of primary antibody deficiency
Creators: name: Denton, Paul W.
name: Martinez-Torres, Francisco
name: Nochi, Tomonori
name: Garcia, J. Victor
name: Wahl, Angela
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Primary antibody deficiencies present clinically as reduced or absent plasma antibodies without another identified disorder that could explain the low immunoglobulin levels. Bone marrow-liver-thymus (BLT) humanized mice also exhibit primary antibody deficiency or hypogammaglobulinemia. Comprehensive characterization of B cell development and differentiation in BLT mice revealed other key parallels with primary immunodeficiency patients. We found that B cell ontogeny was normal in the bone marrow of BLT mice but observed an absence of switched memory B cells in the periphery. PC-KLH immunizations led to the presence of switched memory B cells in immunized BLT mice although plasma cells producing PC-or KLH-specific IgG were not detected in tissues. Overall, we have identified the following parallels between the humoral immune systems of primary antibody deficiency patients and those in BLT mice that make this in vivo model a robust and translational experimental platform for gaining a greater understanding of this heterogeneous array of humoral immunodeficiency disorders in humans: (i) hypogammaglobulinemia; (ii) normal B cell ontogeny in bone marrow; and (iii) poor antigen-specific IgG response to immunization. Furthermore, the development of strategies to overcome these humoral immune aberrations in BLT mice may in turn provide insights into the pathogenesis of some primary antibody deficiency patients which could lead to novel clinical interventions for improved humoral immune function.
Australia's Marine Protected Area practice: exploring interactions between national and international law and policy
Creators: name: Beringen, Ethan Cale
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: Australia has positioned itself as a world leader in Marine Protected Area (MPA) practice through its significant national MPA network as well as its heavy involvement in the creation of high seas MPAs in the Antarctic. Meanwhile, negotiations are currently ongoing for a new implementing agreement to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) to conserve and sustainably utilise marine biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ). High seas MPAs are explicitly highlighted as a key component of one of the four “package elements” to be agreed upon within this new instrument. It follows then that Australia would seek to shape this emerging regime due to its perceived expertise and interest in this area. However, little research exists which highlights how national and international policy may interact on the issue of MPAs. The aim of this research is therefore to critically evaluate Australia’s existing MPA practice and the consequences this may have for the BBNJ negotiations. The overarching question to be resolved is: “What are the implications of Australia’s MPA practice for the BBNJ regime?” This will be addressed by the following sub-questions: “How does Australia’s domestic and international MPA practice interact?” and “What implications does this have for the BBNJ negotiations on MPAs?” To answer these questions, Australia’s historic and ongoing MPA practice, both within national waters and within international fora, such as the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR), will be explored.
[Begravelsesvers]
Creators: name: (:Unas)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: Plessen, Charlotta Amalia von

description: Begravelsesvers fra 1729 for Charlotta Amalia von Plessen.
description: Et Bind indeholdende 76 personalhist. Tryk ved Begravelser i Kjøbenhavn, 18. Aarh.
Privacy-Preserving Data Sharing Using Generative Models
Creators: name: Kotal, Anantaa
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2024
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence
Generative Model
Privacy

description: The modern era heavily relies on data for decision-making in areas like cybersecurity, healthcare, and social sciences. However, this abundance of data raises significant privacy issues, leading to regulations such as GDPR and COPPA that are designed to protect individual privacy but also create barriers to data access for researchers. Organizations, both private and governmental, collect vast amounts of data, but sharing this data is often restricted, especially in specialized fields like cybersecurity and healthcare. These privacy concerns hinder collaboration, limit data sharing, and ultimately impede research progress, making it challenging for researchers to leverage the full potential of available data. Consequently, there is a critical need to find ways to make privately collected data available for public use without compromising individual privacy. Existing methods to balance privacy and data utility, like cryptographic techniques, noise addition, and distributed modeling, often fall short, either by failing to provide strong privacy guarantees or by sacrificing data usability. Synthetic data generation offers a promising solution by creating artificial datasets that mirror the statistical properties of original data without exposing sensitive information. Generative models like GANs can produce such synthetic data while preserving underlying patterns and protecting privacy. However, generating realistic tabular data in specialized domains like cybersecurity and healthcare remains challenging due to the complexity of the data and the scarcity of diverse training samples. This work advances the development of privacy-preserving data generation using GANs, which are bound by privacy constraints to produce shareable datasets that protect privacy. Our technique has demonstrated that data generated in this manner can effectively replace original datasets for training machine learning models, with minimal accuracy loss when tested on the original data. We have also developed a novel model for data generation enhanced with domain-specific knowledge to improve the realism and accuracy of synthetic data. Furthermore, our prior research has shown how organizational policies constrain data sharing and how policy ambiguity complicates automatic enforcement. We developed synthetic data generation models that enforce privacy policies during the data generation process, ensuring compliance with regulations and reducing the risk of privacy breaches. By applying and validating these models across various domains, including cybersecurity and healthcare, we demonstrate their effectiveness in addressing privacy concerns while maintaining data utility. This research offers practical solutions for secure data sharing across different fields, advancing privacy-preserving data practices and supporting collaborative, data-driven research.
A Progressive Meta-Algorithm to Synthesize Very Large Super Resolution Images with Fine Details
Creators: name: Mangalagiri, Jayalakshmi
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2024

description: This work presents a Meta-Algorithm based on Progressive GANs that is capable of generating very large super resolution images with fine details. Prior works for patch based super resolution lack contextual information which limits the size of the overall image that can be synthesized with adequate context. We present a Meta-Algorithmthat is capable of generating super resolution images of any size with adequate context.Our Progressive Meta-Algorithm is based on prior works in progressive GANs but is reformulated in a way that allows for upsampling of any size image by overcoming the theoretical memory limitations while providing contextual cues across varying scales. Our novel Progressive Meta-Algorithm pipeline allows patch-based image upsampling using context across multiple scales by progressively training multiple GAN models with established connection between one model to another model. In this paper, the experimental design essentially focuses on data preprocessing, training & testing the models obtained from our novel progressive Meta-Algorithm pipeline along with postprocessing experiments to address the minor image shifts and coloring issues.We have successfully addressed the limitations of generating very large images using GANs by generating images of size 4096x4096 by employing our novel Progressive Meta-Algorithm by overcoming the theoretical memory issues, contextual issues or missing details in the generated images.
The Role of Synergies in Controlling Human-Machine Interfaces
Creators: name: Pei, Dingyi
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2024
Subjects: Brain-machine interfaces
EEG
Hand synergies
Motor control
Motor execution and motor imagery
Synergy-based movement

description: Hand mobility is a critical component of everyday functionality, and its impairment due to conditions such as amputations, stroke, and spinal cord injuries can severely diminish an individual's independence and quality of life. The restoration of hand function is imperative, enabling individuals to regain hand functionality through rehabilitation, assistive devices, prosthetics, and exoskeletons. Human-machine interfaces (HMIs), and in particular brain-machine interfaces (BMIs), have shown considerable promise in the field of motor function restoration. The complex biomechanical architecture of the human hand poses challenges for multidimensional motor control in the effective deployment of BMIs. Additionally, the complex modeling required to map brain activity to hand motor functions adds another layer of complexity to BMI deployment. To overcome these challenges, this dissertation investigates the concept of hand synergies, which are considered as modular structures in movement generation, to explore their consistency and generalizability in the context of synergy-based high-dimensional motor control. This research explores the potential capabilities of integrating synergies into HMIs to enhance efficiency of motor control. This dissertation also aims to investigate and explore the potential BMI applications in decoding neural activity to achieve synergy-based hand movement reconstruction, to further enable high-degree-of-freedom (DoF) neuromotor control with the aim of restoring the functionalities of individuals who have experienced a loss of upper limb mobility. Participants engaged in object-grasp experiments, to examine the role of hand synergies, the fundamental movement patterns that facilitate the control of high-DoF systems, in hand movement and hand prehension. The study also investigated the relationship between hand synergies and brain activity during both executed and imagined hand movements. The study reveals the capability of hand synergies in carrying motor strategies, and the correlations between hand synergies with corresponding neural activity allowing for the movement reconstruction and generation. The finding underscores the potential of synergy-based BMIs to enable near-natural hand kinematics generation and reconstruction for individuals unable to perform physical movements. The study presented here could lead to significant potential in dexterous movement reconstruction, producing more dexterous and user-friendly prosthetics and robotic assistance devices, thereby enhancing the capability and accessibility of technology designed to compensate for lost motor functions.
Improving Data-efficiency in Deep Reinforcement Learning using Human Feedback, Hierarchy and Language
Creators: name: Prakash, Bharat
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2024
Subjects: hierarchical agents
l
reinforcement leanring
sequential decision making

description: Developing intelligent agents that can make optimal sequential decisions over long time horizons remains a significant challenge in machine learning. Reinforcement learning (RL) provides a promising framework for training decision-making agents through experience, but often struggles with sample inefficiency, safety issues, and fails to scale to complex, temporally-extended tasks. This is compounded by the common practice of learning without prior knowledge (or tabula rasa learning). In this thesis, we explore sequential decision making agents that leverage hierarchical structures in complex tasks, incorporate prior domain knowledge using language and sparse human feedback signals to mitigate these limitations. First, we introduce a hierarchical agent framework that uses semantic predicates to represent goals and states. This enables the agent the learn various skills efficiently without the need to manually write complex reward functions. Moreover, it allows us to integrate symbolic planners as high level controllers to solve long horizon tasks. Second, we introduce a hierarchical agent that uses LLMs to solve long-horizon tasks. We leverage the planning and common sense reasoning capabilities of LLMs to guide exploration and improve sample efficiency. Our approach has the added benefit not needing access to these large models during deployment. Empirical evaluations demonstrate the benefits of the proposed methods on a suite of temporally-extended decision-making tasks.
Discrete Morse theory and localization
Creators: name: Nanda, Vidit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55P60, 57Q10

description: Incidence relations among the cells of a regular CW complex produce a poset-enriched category of entrance paths whose classifying space is homotopy-equivalent to that complex. We show here that each acyclic partial matching (in the sense of discrete Morse theory) on the cells corresponds precisely to a homotopy-preserving localization of the associated entrance path category. Restricting attention further to the full localized subcategory spanned by critical cells, we obtain the discrete flow category whose classifying space is also shown to lie in the homotopy class of the original CW complex. This flow category forms a combinatorial and computable counterpart to the one described by Cohen, Jones and Segal in the context of smooth Morse theory.
description: 30 pages, 6 figures. Final version, which appeared in the Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra
Cryptopatches Are Essential for the Development of Human GALT
Creators: name: Wahl, Angela
name: Denton, Paul W.
name: Nochi, Tomonori
name: Garcia, J. Victor
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Abnormal gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) in humans is associated with infectious and autoimmune diseases, which cause dysfunction of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract immune system. To aid ininvestigating GALT pathologies invivo, we bioengineered a human-mouse chimeric model characterized by the development of human GALT structures originating in mouse cryptopatches. This observation expands our mechanistic understanding of the role of cryptopatches in human GALT genesis and emphasizes the evolutionary conservation of thisdevelopmental process. Immunoglobulin class switching to IgA occurs in these GALT structures, leading to numerous human IgA-producing plasma cells throughout the intestinal lamina propria. CD4+ Tcell depletion within GALT structures results from HIV infection, as it does in humans. This human-mouse chimeric model represents the most comprehensive experimental platform currently available for the study and for the preclinical testing of therapeutics designed to repair disease-damaged GALT.
Ultrafast broadband tuning of resonant optical nanostructures using phase change materials
Creators: name: Rudé, Miquel
name: Mkhitaryan, Vahagn
name: Cetin, Arif E.
name: Miller, Timothy A.
name: Carrilero, Albert
name: Wall, Simon
name: de Abajo, F. Javier García
name: Altug, Hatice
name: Pruneri, Valerio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The functionalities of a wide range of optical and opto-electronic devices are based on resonance effects and active tuning of the amplitude and wavelength response is often essential. Plasmonic nanostructures are an efficient way to create optical resonances, a prominent example is the extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) through arrays of nanoholes patterned in a metallic film. Tuning of resonances by heating, applying electrical or optical signals has proven to be more elusive, due to the lack of materials that can induce modulation over a broad spectral range and/or at high speeds. Here we show that nanopatterned metals combined with phase change materials (PCMs) can overcome this limitation due to the large change in optical constants which can be induced thermally or on an ultrafast timescale. We demonstrate resonance wavelength shifts as large as 385 nm - an order of magnitude higher than previously reported - by combining properly designed Au EOT nanostructures with Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST). Moreover, we show, through pump probe measurements, repeatable and reversible, large amplitude modulations in the resonances, especially at telecommunication wavelengths, over ps time scales and at powers far below those needed to produce a permanent phase transition. Our findings open a pathway to the design of hybrid metal PCM nanostructures with ultrafast and widely tuneable resonance responses, which hold potential impact on active nanophotonic devices such as tuneable optical filters, smart windows, biosensors and reconfigurable memories.
Oscillation estimates, self-improving results and good-$λ$ inequalities
Creators: name: Berkovits, Lauri
name: Kinnunen, Juha
name: Martell, José María
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 42B25, 42B35

description: Our main result is an abstract good-$λ$ inequality that allows us to consider three self-improving properties related to oscillation estimates in a very general context. The novelty of our approach is that there is one principle behind these self-improving phenomena. First, we obtain higher integrability properties for functions belonging to the so-called John-Nirenberg spaces. Second, and as a consequence of the previous fact, we present very easy proofs of some of the self-improving properties of the generalized Poincaré inequalities studied by B. Franchi, C. Pérez and R. Wheeden, and by P. MacManus and C. Pérez . Finally, we show that a weak Gurov-Reshetnyak condition implies higher integrability with asymptotically sharp estimates. We discuss these questions both in Euclidean spaces with dyadic cubes and in spaces of homogeneous type with metric balls. We develop new techniques that apply to more general oscillations than the standard mean oscillation and to overlapping balls instead of dyadic cubes.
[Begravelsesvers]
Creators: name: (:Unas)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: Rotenburg, Susanna

description: Begravelsesvers fra 1729 for Susanna Rotenburg.
description: Et Bind indeholdende 76 personalhist. Tryk ved Begravelser i Kjøbenhavn, 18. Aarh.
Thermal vector potential theory of magnon-driven magnetization dynamics
Creators: name: Tatara, Gen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermal vector potential formulation is applied to study thermal dynamics of magnetic structures in insulating ferromagnets. By separating variables of the magnetic structure and magnons, the equation of motion for the structure including spin-transfer effect due to thermal magnons is derived in the case of a domain wall and a vortex. The magnon current is evaluated based on a linear response theory with respect to the thermal vector potential representing the temperature gradient. It is shown that the velocity of a domain wall when driven by thermal magnon has a strong temperature dependence unlike the case of an electrically-driven domain wall in metals.
DSS Validation, V2
Creators: name: Panunzi, Simona
name: Borri, Alessandro
name: Pompa, Marcello
name: Kallia Angelaki
name: Angelidis, Christos
name: Siouras, Athanasios
name: Santorinaios, Christodoulos
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: DSS
Validation

description: The aim of the present deliverable is to present the second version of the DSS validation process. It includes the description of the software verification process, the results from the first tabletop for the DSS validation, the results from the first S&R Use Case and the description of the simulated scenarios, object of the second tabletop. The second tabletop took place on July 23, 2022, and all the members of the panel of experts (instituted previously) were invited to participate with the task of identifying possible shortcomings or important user requirements not already considered in the development of the DSS in its current version.
 The second tabletop will involve only the evaluation of the PHYSIO DSS, since the SOT DSS was already object of evaluation in two previous Use Cases (UC1 and UC5).
 The PHYSIO DSS, even if partially integrated into the COncORDE platform was not tested by the users, during the two previous use cases because at that time it required even more integration work to take full advantage of its functionality. On the other hand, the integration process of the various components and technologies developed during the S&R project will continue for the entire duration of the project. As in the first meeting with the Evaluation Committee, also in the second meeting various simulated scenarios were presented (described in Section 6) to illustrate the functionalities of the S&R PHYSIO DSS platform from the user's point of view.
 Feedback gathered will serve to improve the component even if its second and final version has already been submitted. The upcoming real Search & Rescue Use Cases will be however an occasion to test the modified versions of the DSS.
 Section 2, Methodology, summarizes the DSS validation approach, Section 3 details the software verification; Section 4 summarizes the results from the first tabletop; Section 5 shows the results from the SOT DSS validation (post-exercise phase) in the real setting of the UC1 and UC5; Section 7, Conclusions, summarizes the results achieved and their usefulness in relationship with future work to be performed.
[Begravelsesvers]
Creators: name: (:Unas)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: Lentz, Maria Sophia Jensdatter

description: Begravelsesvers fra 1729 for Maria Sophia Jensdatter Lentz.
description: Et Bind indeholdende 76 personalhist. Tryk ved Begravelser i Kjøbenhavn, 18. Aarh.