cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Study of dynamics in post-transient flows using Koopman mode decomposition
Creators: name: Arbabi, Hassan
name: Mezić, Igor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 37N10

description: The Koopman Mode Decomposition (KMD) is a data-analysis technique which is often used to extract the spatio-temporal patterns of complex flows. In this paper, we use KMD to study the dynamics of the lid-driven flow in a two-dimensional square cavity based on theorems related to the spectral theory of the Koopman operator. We adapt two algorithms, from the classical Fourier and power spectral analysis, to compute the discrete and continuous spectrum of the Koopman operator for the post-transient flows. Properties of the Koopman operator spectrum are linked to the sequence of flow regimes occurring between $Re=10000$ and $Re=30000$, and changing the flow nature from steady to aperiodic. The Koopman eigenfunctions for different flow regimes, including flows with mixed spectra, are constructed using the assumption of ergodicity in the state space. The associated Koopman modes show remarkable robustness even as the temporal nature of the flow is changing substantially. We observe that KMD outperforms the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition in reconstruction of the flows with strong quasi-periodic components.c features are present in the flow.
description: fixed missing labels in the last figure
title: Reading the climate signals hidden in lateritic iron duricrusts
Creators: name: Heller, Beatrix
name: Gautheron, Cécile
name: Morin, Guillaume
name: Roig, Jean-Yves
name: Pinna-Jamme, Rosella
name: Allard, Thierry
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
Laterites are deep weathering profiles which develop under tropical and subtropical climatic conditions. Their geochemical and mineralogical composition is strongly influenced by the climatic condition under which they form, whereas the composition of the parental material plays a subordinate role. Due to their long-term stability throughout the intertropical zone, they are archives of past (sub)tropical climates. As different climatic signals are potentially superposed in old and constantly exposed laterites, disentangling of the paleoclimatic information preserved in these archives is a complex task. Hematite and goethite, which are the main components of the ferruginous duricrust that is present in most lateritic profiles, can be dated using the (U-Th)/He method allowing important geochronological constraints.

In this contribution we present how paleoclimatic information can be extracted from lateritic iron duricrusts by combining geochemical, mineralogical and geochronological methods. Our coupled data from the northeastern Guiana shield reveal the existence of important weathering events during the Oligocene and Middle Miocene related to ferruginous lateritic weathering conditions representative of contrasted tropical monsoonal climate. A significant change towards bauxitic weathering conditions, characteristic of more humid tropical monsoonal climate, happened during the Late Neogene as indicated by an increase in Th concentration, Al-substitution in goethite and precipitation of gibbsite.
Genotypic complexity of Fisher's geometric model
Creators: name: Hwang, Sungmin
name: Park, Su-Chan
name: Krug, Joachim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fisher's geometric model was originally introduced to argue that complex adaptations must occur in small steps because of pleiotropic constraints. When supplemented with the assumption of additivity of mutational effects on phenotypic traits, it provides a simple mechanism for the emergence of genotypic epistasis from the nonlinear mapping of phenotypes to fitness. Of particular interest is the occurrence of reciprocal sign epistasis, which is a necessary condition for multipeaked genotypic fitness landscapes. Here we compute the probability that a pair of randomly chosen mutations interacts sign epistatically, which is found to decrease with increasing phenotypic dimension $n$, and varies nonmonotonically with the distance from the phenotypic optimum. We then derive expressions for the mean number of fitness maxima in genotypic landscapes comprised of all combinations of $L$ random mutations. This number increases exponentially with $L$, and the corresponding growth rate is used as a measure of the complexity of the landscape. The dependence of the complexity on the model parameters is found to be surprisingly rich, and three distinct phases characterized by different landscape structures are identified. Our analysis shows that the phenotypic dimension, which is often referred to as phenotypic complexity, does not generally correlate with the complexity of fitness landscapes and that even organisms with a single phenotypic trait can have complex landscapes. Our results further inform the interpretation of experiments where the parameters of Fisher's model have been inferred from data, and help to elucidate which features of empirical fitness landscapes can be described by this model.
description: 27 pages, 14 figures, 2 tables, minor changes (published version)
Stability of Electrodeposition at Solid-Solid Interfaces and Implications for Metal Anodes
Creators: name: Ahmad, Zeeshan
name: Viswanathan, Venkatasubramanian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We generalize the conditions for stable electrodeposition at isotropic solid-solid interfaces using a kinetic model which incorporates the effects of stresses and surface tension at the interface. We develop a stability diagram that shows two regimes of stability: previously known pressure-driven mechanism and a new density-driven stability mechanism that is governed by the relative density of metal in the two phases. We show that inorganic solids and solid polymers generally do not lead to stable electrodeposition, and provide design guidelines for achieving stable electrodeposition.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, v2: added more explanation, supplemental material, references, corrected typos
T-branes and Matrix Models
Creators: name: Bena, Iosif
name: Blåbäck, Johan
name: Savelli, Raffaele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find that the equations describing T-branes with constant worldvolume fields are identical to the equations found by Banks, Seiberg and Shenker twenty years ago to describe longitudinal five-branes in the BFSS matrix model. Besides giving new ways to construct T-brane solutions, this connection also helps elucidate the physics of T-branes in the regime of parameters where their worldvolume fields are larger than the string scale. We construct explicit solutions to the Banks-Seiberg-Shenker equations and show that the corresponding T-branes admit an alternative description as Abelian branes at angles.
description: 17 pages, 2 figures; v2: Minor changes. Version accepted for JHEP publication
Higher order finite element models for transient analysis of strain gradient functionally graded microplates
Creators: name: Karamanli, A
name: Vo, Thuc
name: Civalek, O
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4017
subject: Mechanical engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering
classificationCode: 3509
subject: Transportation, logistics and supply chains
classificationCode: 4005
subject: Civil engineering
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: No description supplied.
Bayesian Network Learning via Topological Order
Creators: name: Park, Young Woong
name: Klabjan, Diego
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a mixed integer programming (MIP) model and iterative algorithms based on topological orders to solve optimization problems with acyclic constraints on a directed graph. The proposed MIP model has a significantly lower number of constraints compared to popular MIP models based on cycle elimination constraints and triangular inequalities. The proposed iterative algorithms use gradient descent and iterative reordering approaches, respectively, for searching topological orders. A computational experiment is presented for the Gaussian Bayesian network learning problem, an optimization problem minimizing the sum of squared errors of regression models with L1 penalty over a feature network with application of gene network inference in bioinformatics.
Confinement-driven electronic and topological phases in corundum-derived $3d$-oxide honeycomb lattices
Creators: name: Köksal, Okan
name: Baidya, Santu
name: Pentcheva, Rossitza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using density functional theory calculations including an on-site Coulomb term, we explore electronic and possibly topologically nontrivial phases in $3d$ transition metal oxide honeycomb layers confined in the corundum structure ($α$-Al$_2$O$_3$) along the [0001] direction. In most cases the ground state is a trivial antiferromagnetic Mott insulator, often with distinct orbital or spin states compared to the bulk phases. With imposed symmetry of the two sublattices the ferromagnetic phases of Ti, Mn, Co and Ni exhibit a characteristic set of four bands, two relatively flat and two with a Dirac crossing at K, associated with the single electron occupation of $e_{g}'$ (Ti) or $e_{g}$ (Mn, Co, Ni) orbitals. Our results indicate that the Dirac point can be tuned to the Fermi level using strain. Applying spin-orbit coupling (SOC) leads to a substantial anomalous Hall conductivity with values up to 0.94 $e^2/h$. Moreover, at $a_{Al_2O_3}$=4.81Å we identify a particularly strong effect of SOC with out-of-plane easy axis for ($Ti_2$O$_3$)$_1$/(Al$_2$O$_3$)$_5$(0001) which stabilizes dynamically the system. Due to the unusually high orbital moment of -0.88$μ_{\rm B}$ that nearly compensates the spin moment of 1.01$μ_{\rm B}$, this system emerges as a candidate for the realization of the topological Haldane model of spinless fermions. Parallels to the perovskite analogs (La$X$O$_3$)$_2$/(LaAlO$_3$)$_4$(111) are discussed.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures
GR Effects in Supernova Neutrino Flavor Transformation
Creators: name: Yang, Yue
name: Kneller, James P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The strong gravitational field around a proto-neutron star can modify the neutrino flavor transformations that occur above the neutrinosphere via three General Relativistic (GR) effects: time dilation, energy redshift, and trajectory bending. Depending on the compactness of the central object, the neutrino self-interaction potential is up to three times as large as that without GR principally due to trajectory bending which increases the intersection angles between different neutrino trajectories, and time dilation which changes the fluxes. We determine whether GR effects are important for flavor transformation during the different epochs of a supernova by using multi-angle flavor transformation calculations and consider a density profile and neutrino spectra representative of both the accretion and cooling phases. We find the GR effects are smaller during the accretion phase due to low compactness of the proto-neutron star and merely delay the decoherence; the neutrino bipolar oscillations during the cooling phase are also delayed due to the GR effects but the delay may be more important because the delay occurs at radii where it might alter the nucleosynthesis in the neutrino driven wind.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures
British Gallup Poll CQ 315
Creators: name: Social Surveys (Gallup Poll) Limited
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2022

description: Government approval (1); James Callaghan performance (1); Margaret Thatcher performance (1); Jo Grimond performance (1); party support (1); last general election (2); urgent problems (2); best party to handle problems (1); next general election (2); government's price & income policy (10); government trade union relations (1); Northern Ireland situation (8); building societies (47); kitchen furniture (21); bedroom furniture (16); sewing machine (4); soap (3); radio preferences (24); travel abroad (1); DIY household jobs (20).
Hope for US Healthcare
Creators: name: Rosen, Gil
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (U.S.)
subject: Health insurance--Government policy
subject: Health care reform
subject: Pharmaceutical policy
subject: Medicare
subject: Medicaid
subject: Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America
subject: Physicians
subject: Antitrust investigations
subject: Hospital care
subject: Value Based Care
subject: Stanford University
subject: Humanities and Sciences
subject: Public Policy Program

description: US Healthcare is built on free market principles meant to embrace individual liberty in their healthcare choices, and to leverage competition to incentivize cost effective, high quality care. The reality is a highly fragmented ecosystem whose total expenditures eclipse comparable OECD countries amounting to nearly 20% of GDP, with overall worse outcomes. This paper leverages a literature review approach to analyze each sector of healthcare to quantify its cost drivers, market position, and how they each impact overall cost and quality of US healthcare. Rather than aligning profits with health and
creating competition to reduce prices and improve care, the fragmented market is rife with anti-competitive behavior, pitting each sector against the other, and continuously driving up prices. It is proposed that policy be adjusted to align profits with health, legal kickbacks distorting the economy be eliminated, and markets be truly transparent and free to negotiate their best interests.
Effective field theory description of halo nuclei
Creators: name: Hammer, H. -W.
name: Ji, C.
name: Phillips, D. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nuclear halos emerge as new degrees of freedom near the neutron and proton driplines. They consist of a core and one or a few nucleons which spend most of their time in the classically-forbidden region outside the range of the interaction. Individual nucleons inside the core are thus unresolved in the halo configuration, and the low-energy effective interactions are short-range forces between the core and the valence nucleons. Similar phenomena occur in clusters of $^4$He atoms, cold atomic gases near a Feshbach resonance, and some exotic hadrons. In these weakly-bound quantum systems universal scaling laws for s-wave binding emerge that are independent of the details of the interaction. Effective field theory (EFT) exposes these correlations and permits the calculation of non-universal corrections to them due to short-distance effects, as well as the extension of these ideas to systems involving the Coulomb interaction and/or binding in higher angular-momentum channels. Halo nuclei exhibit all these features. Halo EFT, the EFT for halo nuclei, has been used to compute the properties of single-neutron, two-neutron, and single-proton halos of s-wave and p-wave type. This review summarizes these results for halo binding energies, radii, Coulomb dissociation, and radiative capture, as well as the connection of these properties to scattering parameters, thereby elucidating the universal correlations between all these observables. We also discuss how Halo EFT's encoding of the long-distance physics of halo nuclei can be used to check and extend ab initio calculations that include detailed modeling of their short-distance dynamics.
description: 104 pages, 31 figures. Topical Review for Journal of Physics G. v2 incorporates several modifications, particularly to the Introduction, in response to referee reports. It also corrects multiple typos in the original submission. It corresponds to the published version
title: Assessing the role of microbes and the chemical conditions necessary for the formation of microbialites
Creators: name: Benzerara, Karim
name: Caumartin, Jeanne
name: Havas, Robin
name: Thomazo, Christophe
name: Iniesto, Miguel
name: Lopez-Garcia, Purificacion
name: Moreira, David
name: Duprat, Elodie
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
Microbialites are organosedimentary deposits formed by benthic microbial communities that mediate mineral precipitation. They have received particular attention since they are found throughout the geological record up to 3.43 billion years ago and are considered as among the oldest traces of life on Earth. It has been known for several decades that the abundance of microbialites has varied over geological time with an overall decline during the Phanerozoic. Yet, the question of what between biological and/or physico-chemical variations may have changed the abundance of microbialites over geological times remains debated. This calls for a better appraisal of the conditions necessary for the formation of modern microbialites. Here, I will first review (omics) studies about the importance of specific microorganisms in microbialite formation (e.g., Iniesto et al., 2020 & 2021). Then, I will present a recent database listing the physico-chemical parameters of more than a hundred aqueous environments where modern microbialites form. The analysis of this dataset highlights that specific chemical conditions in seem to be always met, thus appearing as necessary for microbialite formation. Moreover, the comparison of this database with existing databases listing close to 8000 continental freshwater systems allows further insight on the potential of modern environment for microbialite formation. Overall, I will discuss how this suggests that the change of the chemical composition of the ocean might be a primary driver of the decline of microbialite abundance over geological times. I will conclude by tentative speculations about the fate of microbialites on an evolving planet.
OQ45.2-TA Greek translation and cultural adaptation: Supporting material
Creators: name: Rigos, Markos
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Ψυχοθεραπευτική αποτελεσματικότητα
Eρωτηματολόγιο έκβασης
Θεραπευτική συμμαχία
Psychotherapy outcome
Outcome measure
Therapeutic alliance
OQ-45.2 TA

description: This is the Translation and Cultural Adaptation (TCA) supporting material for the Greek OQ45.2-TA.
 The Greek OQ45.2-TA is the product of the following consecutive steps: 1. Preparation and forward translations.
 2. Forward translations reconciliation.
 3. Production of the GR OQ45.2-TA, reconciliation version.
 4. Experts’ committee and quality control.
 5. Experts’ feedback, review and initial proofreading.
 6. Production of the GR OQ45.2-TA, harmonization version.
 7. Back-translation.
 8. Cognitive debriefing process.
 9. Cognitive debriefing review and results.
 10. Final proofreading.
 11. Production of the GR OQ45.2-TA, final version.
 12. Final TCA report.
description: If you are interested to join us in the psychometric validation of this instrument in Greek samples let us know as soon as possible since further research is soon to commence. The OQ45.2-TA TCA Greek version itself is registered at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5758587
Packing and covering odd cycles in cubic plane graphs with small faces
Creators: name: Nicodemos, Diego
name: Stehlík, Matěj
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show that any $3$-connected cubic plane graph on $n$ vertices, with all faces of size at most $6$, can be made bipartite by deleting no more than $\sqrt{(p+3t)n/5}$ edges, where $p$ and $t$ are the numbers of pentagonal and triangular faces, respectively. In particular, any such graph can be made bipartite by deleting at most $\sqrt{12n/5}$ edges. This bound is tight, and we characterise the extremal graphs. We deduce tight lower bounds on the size of a maximum cut and a maximum independent set for this class of graphs. This extends and sharpens the results of Faria, Klein and Stehlik [SIAM J. Discrete Math. 26 (2012) 1458-1469].
description: 16 pages; to appear in European J. Combin.; an extended abstract of this paper appeared in the proceedings of EuroComb 2017
Refined Counting of Necklaces in One-loop $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM
Creators: name: Suzuki, Ryo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the grand partition function of $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM at one-loop in the $SU(2)$ sector with general chemical potentials, extending the results of Pólya's theorem. We make use of finite group theory, applicable to all orders of $1/N_c$ expansion. We show that only the planar terms contribute to the grand partition function, which is therefore equal to the grand partition function of an ensemble of XXX$_\frac12$ spin chains. We discuss how Hagedorn temperature changes on the complex plane of chemical potentials.
description: 34 pages, v2: typo corrected, v3: added a subsection about finite Nc, to appear in JHEP
An extremization principle for the entropy of rotating BPS black holes in AdS$_5$
Creators: name: Hosseini, Seyed Morteza
name: Hristov, Kiril
name: Zaffaroni, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of a class of BPS electrically charged rotating black holes in AdS$_5\times S^5$ can be obtained by a simple extremization principle. We expect that this extremization corresponds to the attractor mechanism for BPS rotating black holes in five-dimensional gauged supergravity, which is still unknown. The expression to be extremized has a suggestive resemblance to anomaly polynomials and the supersymmetric Casimir energy recently studied for $\mathcal{N}=4$ super Yang-Mills.
description: 27 pages; v2: refs added; v3: ref added
Guia de entrevista - Histórico de versões
Creators: name: Carvalho, Lucas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 461206
subject: Software architecture
classificationCode: 461202
subject: Empirical software engineering
classificationCode: 461207
subject: Software quality, processes and metrics

description: Material suplementar para trabalho "Processo de tomada de decisões arquiteturais em projetos de software: a perspectiva dos desenvolvedores".
Lambda-nuclear interactions and hyperon puzzle in neutron stars
Creators: name: Haidenbauer, J.
name: Meißner, U. -G.
name: Kaiser, N.
name: Weise, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Brueckner theory is used to investigate the in-medium properties of a $Λ$-hyperon in nuclear and neutron matter, based on hyperon-nucleon interactions derived within SU(3) chiral effective field theory (EFT). It is shown that the resulting $Λ$ single-particle potential $U_Λ(p_Λ=0,ρ)$ becomes strongly repulsive for densities $ρ$ of two-to-three times that of normal nuclear matter. Adding a density-dependent effective $ΛN$-interaction constructed from chiral $ΛNN$ three-body forces increases the repulsion further. Consequences of these findings for neutron stars are discussed. It is argued that for hyperon-nuclear interactions with properties such as those deduced from the SU(3) EFT potentials, the onset for hyperon formation in the core of neutron stars is expected to be shifted to extremely high baryon density, thus potentially resolving the so-called hyperon puzzle.
description: 6 pages, two figures; longer discussion about uncertainties added
title: Geoscience Education for the Young Generation: mileko - The Mineralogical Science Kit
Creators: name: Joachim-Mrosko, Bastian
name: Mrosko, Maria
name: Malte, Junge
name: Lina, Seybold
name: Lutz, Hecht
name: Dominik, Mock
name: Lennart A., Fischer
name: Roland, Stalder
name: Gilla, Simon
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
Geosciences only play a minor role in today’s German and Austrian school curricula, although being strongly related to important topics such as climate change or the sustainability of resources. The Mineralogical Science Kit (Mineralogischer Lehrkoffer “mileko”) aims at bringing back geoscientific and mineralogical contents into STEAM-fields (science, technology, engineering, art, mathematics) by linking mineralogy to regular teaching subjects.

In 5 different modules, pupils can not only discover the world of rocks and minerals but also get an understanding of important principles and processes such as redox reactions by extracting copper from ore (chemistry), the density of rocks that can be linked to the structure of the Earth’s interior (physics, geography), or how the inner structure of materials affects their outer appearance by exploring natural crystalline bodies and their geometry (chemistry, mathematics). Since 2014, about 650 boxes were produced and sent to schools and museums all over Germany.

This year marks the start of a new format in the “mileko” portfolio, which is the development of an online accessible video channel. This new digital format aims to expand the applicability of the Mineralogical Science Kit by making geoscientific contents directly accessible for a broad young target group, which not only complements former activities but will also allow us to attract the attention of a wider audience. In combination with activities such as workshops and school visits, we hope to enhance discussions between children, teachers and scientific experts resulting in knowledge transfer from the scientific community to the public.
Active cluster crystals
Creators: name: Delfau, Jean-Baptiste
name: López, Cristóbal
name: Hernández-García, Emilio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the appearance and properties of cluster crystals (solids in which the unit cell is occupied by a cluster of particles) in a two-dimensional system of self-propelled active Brownian particles with repulsive interactions. Self-propulsion deforms the clusters by depleting particle density inside, and for large speeds it melts the crystal. Continuous field descriptions at several levels of approximation allow to identify the relevant physical mechanisms.
title: Heterogeneity of Bulk Oxygen Isotopic Compositions in Anhydrous Interplanetary Dust Particles
Creators: name: Schulz, Birgit
name: Vollmer, Christian
name: Keller, Lindsay P.
name: Hoppe, Peter
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
Anhydrous interplanetary dust particles are among the least altered ancient solar system materials. While hydrous IDPs are 16O-poor, likely due to the interaction with isotopically heavy H2O [1], oxygen isotopes of anhydrous IDPs seem to be highly variable, although data is scarce [2]. Bulk oxygen isotopic compositions of 70 nm thin ultramicrotomed sections of three anhydrous IDPs were measured by NanoSIMS. δ17OSMOW ranges from −24.2 ± 5.4 ‰ (1σ) to 7.8 ± 3.4 ‰ and δ18OSMOW from −25.3 ± 3.6 ‰ to 9.5 ± 3.1 ‰, with the heavier isotopic compositions attributed to the particles that show signs of mild thermal alteration. Isotopic heterogeneity is best explained by contribution of grains sampling different O isotope reservoirs in the protoplanetary disk, created by self-shielding and photodissociation of CO [3]. This process resulted in 16O-rich CO gas and 16O-poor H2O in the outer disk. H2O froze as ice-mantles onto dust grains and evaporated from grains transported to the inner disk, enriching it in 17O and 18O [4]. Therefore, anhydrous IDPs contain a mixture of materials from different times and spaces in the protoplanetary disk, as has been described for material from comet 81P/Wild2 revealed by the STARDUST mission [5].

[1] Keller L.P. and Snead C.J. (2021) LPS LII, Abstract #2389. [2] Starkey N.A. and Franchi I.A. (2013) Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 105:73-91. [3] Yurimoto H. and Kuramoto K. (2004) Science 305:1736-1766. [4] Krot A. et al. (2020) Science Advances 6:eaay2724. [5] Brownlee D. (2014) Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 42:179-205.
Holography and $AdS_2$ gravity with a dynamical aether
Creators: name: Eling, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study two-dimensional Einstein-aether (or equivalently Hořava-Lifshitz) gravity, which has an $AdS_2$ solution. We examine various properties of this solution in the context of holography. We first show that the asymptotic symmetry group is the full set of time reparametrizations, the one-dimensional conformal group. At the same time there are configurations with finite energy and temperature, which indicate a violation of the Ward identity associated with one-dimensional conformal invariance. These solutions are characterized by a universal causal horizon and we show that the associated entropy of the universal horizon scales with the logarithm of the temperature. We discuss the puzzles associated with this result and argue that the violation of the Ward identity is associated with a type of explicit breaking of time reparametrizations in the hypothetical $0+1$ dimensional dual system.
description: 19 pages, v2: minor revisions, references added
Comparison theorem for nearby cycles of a morphism without slopes
Creators: name: Kochersperger, Matthieu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The goal of this article is to prove the comparison theorem between algebraic and topological nearby cycles of a morphism without slopes. We prove in particular that for a family of holomorphic functions without slopes, if we iterate comparison isomorphisms for nearby cycles of each function the result is independent of the order of iteration.
description: in French
title: First Report on Successful Conversion of Long-Term Treatment of Recurrent Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome With Eculizumab to Ravulizumab in a Renal Transplant Patient
Creators: name: Jehn, Ulrich
name: Altuner, Ugur
name: Pavenstädt, Hermann-Joseph
name: Reuter, Stefan Johannes
Publisher: name: University of Muenster, Institutional Repository MIAMI
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 610 Medicine and health

description: Finanziert durch den Open-Access-Publikationsfonds der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU Münster).
The pseudoscalar meson electromagnetic form factor at high $Q^2$ from full lattice QCD
Creators: name: Koponen, J.
name: Zimermmane-Santos, A. C.
name: Davies, C. T. H.
name: Lepage, G. P.
name: Lytle, A. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give an accurate determination of the vector (electromagnetic) form factor, $F(Q^2)$, for a light pseudoscalar meson up to squared momentum transfer $Q^2$ values of 6 $\mathrm{GeV}^2$ for the first time from full lattice QCD, including $u$, $d$, $s$ and $c$ quarks in the sea at multiple values of the lattice spacing. Our results show good control of lattice discretisation and sea quark mass effects. We study a pseudoscalar meson made of valence $s$ quarks but the qualitative picture obtained applies also to the $π$ meson, relevant to upcoming experiments at Jefferson Lab. We find that $Q^2F(Q^2)$ becomes flat in the region between $Q^2$ of 2 $\mathrm{GeV}^2$ and 6 $\mathrm{GeV}^2$, with a value well above that of the asymptotic perturbative QCD expectation, but well below that of the vector-meson dominance pole form appropriate to low $Q^2$ values. Our calculations show that we can reach higher $Q^2$ values in future to shed further light on where the perturbative QCD result emerges.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures. Version accepted by Physical Review D. Includes results from a third value of the lattice spacing, change to the title and two additional figures in the appendix discussing analysis of systematic and statistical errors
title: Phosphate inhibition of schwertmannite nucleation
Creators: name: King, Helen Elizabeth
name: Seepma, Sergej
name: Wolthers, Mariette
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
The iron(III) phosphate mineral schwertmannite has shown potential for the removal of oxyanions such as phosphate and arsenate through their adsorption [1,2] and incorporation into the schwertmannite structure [3]. Here we have used dynamic light scattering (DLS) to explore the inhibitory effect of mM concentrations of phosphate on the nucleation dynamics of schwertmannite at different temperatures. Our experiments show that potential prenucleation clusters are present in the solutions prior to nucleation of schwertmannite. In the presence of phosphate these become increasingly stabilized and in long-term experiments are observed to grow slowly. Nucleation of schwertmannite was determined as a change in the system behavior, where a sudden increase in the size of the scattering particles was observed. After nucleation, particle growth was characterized by a much faster rate until the particles began to settle from the solution. Both the growth rate after nucleation and the induction time increased with increasing phosphate concentration, but, were even more retarded by decreasing temperature. Phosphate likely alters the system dynamics through direct interactions with the iron(III) as evident even at the ion pair level in UV-Vis spectroscopy measurements and the incorporation of phosphate into the schwertmannite structure based on X-ray diffraction analysis.

References

Eskandarpour et al. 2007 ISIJ International 47, pp. 563.
Burton et al. Environmental Science and Technology, 43, 9202.
Regenspurg & Peiffer 2005 Applied Geochemistry, 20, pp. 1226.
On the Maximum Mass of Accreting Primordial Supermassive Stars
Creators: name: Woods, T. E.
name: Heger, Alexander
name: Whalen, Daniel J.
name: Haemmerle, Lionel
name: Klessen, Ralf S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supermassive primordial stars are suspected to be the progenitors of the most massive quasars at z~6. Previous studies of such stars were either unable to resolve hydrodynamical timescales or considered stars in isolation, not in the extreme accretion flows in which they actually form. Therefore, they could not self-consistently predict their final masses at collapse, or those of the resulting supermassive black hole seeds, but rather invoked comparison to simple polytropic models. Here, we systematically examine the birth, evolution and collapse of accreting non-rotating supermassive stars under accretion rates of 0.01-10 solar masses per year, using the stellar evolution code KEPLER. Our approach includes post-Newtonian corrections to the stellar structure and an adaptive nuclear network, and can transition to following the hydrodynamic evolution of supermassive stars after they encounter the general relativistic instability. We find that this instability triggers the collapse of the star at masses of 150,000-330,000 solar masses for accretion rates of 0.1-10 solar masses per year, and that the final mass of the star scales roughly logarithmically with the rate. The structure of the star, and thus its stability against collapse, is sensitive to the treatment of convection, and the heat content of the outer accreted envelope. Comparison with other codes suggests differences here may lead to small deviations in the evolutionary state of the star as a function of time, that worsen with accretion rate. Since the general relativistic instability leads to the immediate death of these stars, our models place an upper limit on the masses of the first quasars at birth.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures. Accepted ApJ letters
Outflow-Driven Transients from the Birth of Binary Black Holes I: Tidally-Locked Secondary Supernovae
Creators: name: Kimura, Shigeo S.
name: Murase, Kohta
name: Mészáros, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new type of electromagnetic transients associated with the birth of binary black holes (BBHs), which may lead to merger events accompanied by gravitational waves in $\sim0.1-1$ Gyr. We consider the newborn BBHs formed through the evolution of isolated massive stellar binaries. For a close massive binary, consisting of a primary black hole (BH) and a secondary Wolf-Rayet (WR) star that are orbiting around each other, the spin period of the WR star can be tidally synchronized to its orbital period. Then, the angular momentum of the outer material of the WR star is large enough to form an accretion disk around a newborn, secondary BH, following its core-collapse. This disk may produce an energetic outflow with a kinetic energy of $\sim10^{50}-10^{52}$ erg and an outflow velocity of $\sim10^{10}\rm~cm~s^{-1}$, resulting in an optical transient with an absolute magnitude from $\sim -14$ to $\sim-17$ with a duration of around a day. This type of transient also produces detectable radio signals $\sim1-10$ years after the birth of BBHs, via synchrotron emission from non-thermal electrons accelerated at external shocks. The predicted optical transients have a shorter duration than ordinary core-collapse supernovae. Dedicated optical transient surveys can detect them, and distinguish it from ordinary SNe using the different features of its light curve and late-time spectrum. In the paper I, we investigate disk-driven outflows from the secondary BH, whereas possible signals from the primary BH will be discussed in the paper II.
description: v3: 8 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ. arXiv:1702.07337v2 was split into two papers according to referee's suggestion. This is Paper I. See also arXiv:1711.01015 for Paper II
MPEC 2023-E72 : 2023 DX2
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 DX2

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
title: Core formation experiments at conditions of a deep magma ocean
Creators: name: Siebert, Julien
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
Models of core formation involve equilibration of metal and silicate in a deep magma corresponding to pressure and temperature conditions above 50 GPa and 3500 K (e.g. 1, 2). Over the last four decades, core formation experiments have been performed under limited P-T ranges, accessible with large volume presses such as piston cylinder or multi-anvil presses. Therefore, modeling the behaviors of elemental distribution between core and mantle during Earth’s differentiation required thermodynamic extrapolations leading potentially to large errors. However, the last decade has proven the possibility of producing metal-silicate experiments using the Laser Heated Diamond Anvil Cell (LHDAC), the only static pressure device capable of producing the direct P-T conditions of core-mantle equilibration, despite technical hurdles linked to sample recovery, analyses at small spatial scales, and chemical equilibrium. This talk will review recent findings which revealed new processes that were unexpected on the basis of prior experiments or confirmed and precise some existing models. Using the partitioning results of a large number of siderophile elements, the conditions of core formation during accretion, the budget of light elements in the core, and the origin of volatile elements will be discussed.  

(1)   J. Siebert, J. Badro, D. Antonangeli, F.J. Ryerson (2013). Terrestrial accretion under oxidizing conditions. Science, 339, 1194-1197.

(2)   D. Huang, J. Badro, J. Siebert. The niobium and tantalum concentration in Earth’s mantle constrains the initial composition of its primordial magma ocean (2020). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, doi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2007982117.
Tree-based unrooted phylogenetic networks
Creators: name: Francis, Andrew
name: Huber, Katharina
name: Moulton, Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Phylogenetic networks are a generalization of phylogenetic trees that are used to represent non-tree-like evolutionary histories that arise in organisms such as plants and bacteria, or uncertainty in evolutionary histories. An \emph{unrooted} phylogenetic network on a nonempty, finite set $X$ of taxa, or \emph{network}, is a connected graph in which every vertex has degree 1 or 3 and whose leaf-set is $X$. It is called a \emph{phylogenetic tree} if the underlying graph is a tree. In this paper we consider properties of \emph{tree-based networks}, that is, networks that can be constructed by adding edges into a phylogenetic tree. We show that although they have some properties in common with their rooted analogues which have recently drawn much attention in the literature, they have some striking differences in terms of both their structural and computational properties. We expect that our results could eventually have applications to, for example, detecting horizontal gene transfer or hyrbridization which are important factors in the evolution of many organisms.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures. This is a pre-print of an article published in Bulletin of Mathematical Biology. The final authenticated version is available online at the DOI listed below
Initial performance studies of a general-purpose detector for multi-TeV physics at a 100 TeV pp collider
Creators: name: Chekanov, S. V.
name: Beydler, M.
name: Kotwal, A. V.
name: Gray, L.
name: Sen, S.
name: Tran, N. V.
name: Yu, S. -S.
name: Zuzelski, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper describes simulations of detector response to multi-TeV physics at the Future Circular Collider (FCC-hh) or Super proton-proton Collider (SppC) which aim to collide proton beams with a centre-of-mass energy of 100 TeV. The unprecedented energy regime of these future experiments imposes new requirements on detector technologies which can be studied using the detailed GEANT4 simulations presented in this paper. The initial performance of a detector designed for physics studies at the FCC-hh or SppC experiments is described with an emphasis on measurements of single particles up to 33 TeV in transverse momentum. The reconstruction of hadronic jets has also been studied in the transverse momentum range from 50 GeV to 26 TeV. The granularity requirements for calorimetry are investigated using the two-particle spatial resolution achieved for hadron showers.
description: 26 pages, 18 figures
A flavor dependent gauge symmetry, Predictive radiative seesaw and LHCb anomalies
Creators: name: Ko, P.
name: Nomura, Takaaki
name: Okada, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a predictive radiative seesaw model at one-loop level with a flavor dependent gauge symmetry $U(1)_{xB_3-xe-μ+τ}$ and Majorana fermion dark matter. For the neutrino mass matrix, we obtain an $A_1$ type texture (with two zeros) that provides us several predictions such as the normal ordering for the neutrino masses. We analyze the constraints from lepton flavor violations, relic density of dark matter, and collider physics for the new $U(1)_{xB_3-xe-μ+τ}$ gauge boson. Within the allowed region, the LHCb anomalies in $B\rightarrow K^* μ^+ μ^-$ and $B\rightarrow K \ell^+ \ell^-$ with $\ell=e$ or $μ$ can be resolved, and such $Z'$ could be also observed at the LHC.
description: 17 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables, published version
title: Virtual field trips – a powerful tool to complement teaching in earth sciences
Creators: name: Mock, Dominik
name: Fischer, Colin
name: Beckmann, Lilian
name: Sester, Monika
name: Holtz, François
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
The corona pandemic faced earth science lecturers and students around the world with an essential conflict: field trips as practical parts of their studies were strictly reduced to a minimum and the theories learned in the lecture hall could not be applied to observations made in the field. As a consequence, digital tools are required to make visual features of outcrops experiential and to provide students the opportunity of home-based field experiences.

We set up a concept of virtual field trips (VFT), based on a combination of 360° panorama photographs, detailed pictures, 3D models and thin section photomicrographs, allowing the integration of heterogeneous types of data (e.g. audio, videos, texts) in order to enhance the learning experience. By going without virtual or augmented reality headsets or environment for now, the VFT can be experienced by everyone with a computer and internet connection, regardless of physical or financial abilities which is a clear advantage compared to real field trips. With the goal of a semi-automatic and low-level access VFT platform for geologists, we tested our concept for the Wingertsbergwand outcrop in the Eifel consisting mainly of ash and pumice tephras from the Laacher See eruption 13 ky ago. Although getting the real touch with nature cannot be replaced by a screen-based virtual experience, we are confident that people can benefit from VFTs not only by accessing the deposited data but also due to the great chance of complementing lectures by visual accents which make scientific contents much easier to understand.