cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Retrieval of aerosol optical depth under thin cirrus from MODIS: Application to an ocean algorithm
Creators: name: Lee, Jaehwa
name: Hsu, N. Christina
name: Bettenhausen, Corey
name: Sayer, Andrew
Publisher: name: AGU
Year: 2013
Subjects: aerosol
AOD
cirrus
correction
MODIS

description: AbstractA strategy for retrieving aerosol optical depth (AOD) under conditions of thin cirrus coverage from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is presented. We adopt an empirical method that derives the cirrus contribution to measured reflectance in seven bands from the visible to shortwave infrared (0.47, 0.55, 0.65, 0.86, 1.24, 1.63, and 2.12 µm, commonly used for AOD retrievals) by using the correlations between the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectance at 1.38 µm and these bands. The 1.38 µm band is used due to its strong absorption by water vapor and allows us to extract the contribution of cirrus clouds to TOA reflectance and create cirrus-corrected TOA reflectances in the seven bands of interest. These cirrus-corrected TOA reflectances are then used in the aerosol retrieval algorithm to determine cirrus-corrected AOD. The cirrus correction algorithm reduces the cirrus contamination in the AOD data as shown by a decrease in both magnitude and spatial variability of AOD over areas contaminated by thin cirrus. Comparisons of retrieved AOD against Aerosol Robotic Network observations at Nauru in the equatorial Pacific reveal that the cirrus correction procedure improves the data quality: the percentage of data within the expected error ±(0.03 + 0.05 × AOD) increases from 40% to 80% for cirrus-corrected points only and from 80% to 86% for all points (i.e., both corrected and uncorrected retrievals). Statistical comparisons with Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) retrievals are also carried out. A high correlation (R = 0.89) between the CALIOP cirrus optical depth and AOD correction magnitude suggests potential applicability of the cirrus correction procedure to other MODIS-like sensors.
title: Ландшафт: композиционные аспекты
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: Профобразование
Year: 2024

description: В учебном пособии рассмотрено понятие ландшафта, дана классификация ландшафтов, изложены композиционные аспекты анализа ландшафтных ситуаций. Описаны методы анализа рельефов, представлена их классификация. Рассмотрены естественные и искусственные зеленые насаждения, показана их роль в формировании композиции ландшафтов; приведена классификация естественных и искусственных акваторий. Учебное пособие предназначено для изучения дисциплины «Озеленение и благоустройство различных территорий» по профессии «Мастер садово-паркового и ландшафтного строительства», а также может быть использовано студентами, обучающимися по специальности среднего профессионального образования «Садово-парковое и ландшафтное строительство», при изучении дисциплин «Основы проектирования объектов садово-паркового строительства», «Ведение работ по содержанию объектов ландшафтной архитектуры», «Современные технологии садово-паркового и ландшафтного строительства».
Aeronet's Version 2.0 quality assurance criteria
Creators: name: Holben, B. N.
name: Eck, Thomas
name: Slutsker, I.
name: Smirnov, A.
name: Sinyuk, A.
name: Schafer, J.
name: Giles, D.
name: Dubovik, O.
Publisher: name: SPIE
Year: 2006

description: SPIE Asia-Pacific Remote Sensing, 2006, Goa, India
description: The AERONET inversion products provide powerful information for understanding column integrated aerosol properties particularly given the wide global distribution of sites and the 13 year record for some sites. Significant evolution of the instrument, data quality, ancillary input data and inversion algorithm has necessitated release of Version 2.0 and establishment of criteria for quality assured products. This paper documents version 1.0 quality assurance criteria and the analysis of the entire retrieval record available for the Version 2.0 to revise the quality assured criteria. The result is an improvement in the number and quality of aerosol inversion parameters for most sites through the entire AERONET data record.
Analysis of the performance characteristics of the five-channel Microtops II Sun photometer for measuring aerosol optical thickness and precipitable water vapor
Creators: name: Ichoku, Charles
name: Levy, Robert
name: Kaufman, Yoram J.
name: Remer, Lorraine
name: Li, Rong-Rong
name: Martins, Vanderlei J.
name: Holben, Brent N.
name: Abuhassan, Nader
name: Slutsker, Ilya
name: Eck, Thomas
name: Pietras, Christophe
Publisher: name: AGU
Year: 2002
Subjects: aerosol
atmosphere
calibration
Microtops
Sun photometer
water vapor

description: Five Microtops II Sun photometers were studied in detail at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) to determine their performance in measuring aerosol optical thickness (AOT or ?a?) and precipitable column water vapor (W). Each derives ?a? from measured signals at four wavelengths ? (340, 440, 675, and 870 nm), and W from the 936 nm signal measurements. Accuracy of ?a? and W determination depends on the reliability of the relevant channel calibration coefficient (V0). Relative calibration by transfer of parameters from a more accurate Sun photometer (such as the Mauna-Loa-calibrated AERONET master Sun photometer at GSFC) is more reliable than Langley calibration performed at GSFC. It was found that the factory-determined value of the instrument constant for the 936 nm filter (k = 0.7847) used in the Microtops' internal algorithm is unrealistic, causing large errors in V0(936), ?a936, and W. Thus, when applied for transfer calibration at GSFC, whereas the random variation of V0 at 340 to 870 nm is quite small, with coefficients of variation (CV) in the range of 0 to 2.4%, at 936 nm the CV goes up to 19%. Also, the systematic temporal variation of V0 at 340 to 870 nm is very slow, while at 936 nm it is large and exhibits a very high dependence on W. The algorithm also computes ?a936 as 0.91 ?a870, which is highly simplistic. Therefore, it is recommended to determine ?a936 by logarithmic extrapolation from ?a675 and ?a870. From the operational standpoint of the Microtops, apart from errors that may result from unperceived cloud contamination, the main sources of error include inaccurate pointing to the Sun, neglecting to clean the front quartz window, and neglecting to calibrate correctly. If these three issues are adequately taken care of, the Microtops can be quite accurate and stable, with root-mean-square (rms) differences between corresponding retrievals from clean calibrated Microtops and the AERONET Sun photometer being about ±0.02 at 340 nm, decreasing down to about ±0.01 at 870 nm.
Long-term variation of aerosol optical properties associated with aerosol types over East Asia using AERONET and satellite (VIIRS, OMI) data (2012–2019)
Creators: name: Eom, Sujin
name: Kim, Jhoon
name: Lee, Seoyoung
name: Holben, Brent N.
name: Eck, Thomas
name: Park, Sung-Bin
name: Park, Sang Seo
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2022
Subjects: AERONET
AOD
Aerosol type classification
OMI
VIIRS

description: We analyzed annual and seasonal frequency in aerosol type over an 8-year period (2012–2019) to identify aerosol parameter trends over four ground sites and country regions in Korea, China, and Japan by using the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET), and the satellite-based Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). Decreasing trends are shown for aerosol optical depth (AOD), Ångström exponent (AE), and fine mode fraction (FMF) in all countries. The decreasing trend in these data is considered to be due to a decrease in anthropogenic emissions. For the aerosol type frequency, decreases in the proportions of carbonaceous aerosols (CA) and non-absorbing aerosols (NA) were shown in the ground and satellite data, respectively. At most sites, the fractions of low AOD case (LOW) increased, whereas those of the Black and Brown Carbon (BC + BrC) category decreased. In Seoul, the fraction of LOW increased from 48.9% to 70.0%, and that of BC + BrC decreased continuously from 20.4% to 11.1% during 2012–2019. Beijing, on the other hand, showed decreasing LOW from 83.3% (2012) to 52.0% (2019), and that of BC + BrC increased significantly, from 2.4% to 26.2%. The satellite data showed that the percentage of LOW increased continuously, while that of NA aerosols decreased continuously in East Asia. A noticeable decrease in the fraction of CA was detected in China [21.5% (2013) to 11.2% (2019)]. In all countries, CA and NA aerosols had the greatest effect in winter and summer, respectively. We also detected significant differences between the fractions of NA and BC between the ground and satellite data. Changes in aerosol type and properties were observed concurrently in all ground and satellite data, and changes in aerosol type may explain the increasing and decreasing trends that we recorded for most parameters. Consistent results from both ground and satellite data suggest a steady decreasing in fine aerosol pollution in East Asia.
Climatology of Aerosol Optical Depth over the United States
Creators: name: Liu, Hongqing
name: Pinker, R. T.
name: Holben, B. N.
name: Ballabrera, J.
name: Eck, Thomas
name: Smirnov, A.
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2002

description: 11th Conference on Atmospheric Radiation
description: Aerosol climatologies based on consistent and high quality sources of information over extended areas are not available. Yet, such information is needed for estimating their radiative effects, for correctly computing surface radiative fluxes by methods of remote sensing, as inputs to climate models, as well as for the evaluation of satellite based estimates of this parameter. To respond to such needs, several attempts have been made to obtain aerosol climatologies, based on inventories of sources and by applying transport models to distribute the emitted particulates in space. Recently, consistent observations from numerous locations are becoming available from the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) network. This network is most dense over the United States. The observations are not evenly distributed, and not of sufficient density. However, they are extremely valuable since they represent ?true? values at the sites where they are observed. In this paper, an effort has been made to develop aerosol climatology over the United States, at a monthly time scale, by combining ground observations and transport model estimates, using objective analysis methods.
title: Методика и организация физкультурно-оздоровительной работы
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: Профобразование
Year: 2024

description: В учебном пособии представлены методические и организационные основы физкультурно-оздоровительной работы с различными категориями населения. Рассмотрены понятия, закономерности, принципы, формы оздоровительной физической культуры. В конце каждой главы приведены контрольные вопросы для проверки знаний. Учебное пособие может быть использовано при изучении дисциплины «Организация физкультурно-спортивной работы» студентами, обучающимися по специальности среднего профессионального образования «Физическая культура».
Η επίδραση του μονοποδικού άλματος σε δείκτες φυσικής κατάστασης σε προέφηβους ποδοσφαιριστές
Creators: name: Τζόβας, Αλέξανδρος Χρήστου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2024
Subjects: Πλειομετρική προπόνηση
Μονοποδικό άλμα
Ποδόσφαιρο
Plyometric training
Single leg jump
Soccer

description: Το σύγχρονο ποδόσφαιρο είναι ένα άθλημα πολύ υψηλής έντασης όπου οι αθλητές πραγματοποιούν πάρα πολλές ενέργειες. Ο σκοπός της εργασίας ήταν να ερευνήσει την επίδραση της πλειομετρικής προπόνησης με μονοποδικά άλματα σε φυσικές ικανότητες όπως η ταχύτητα, η αλτικότητα και η ικανότητα για αλλαγή κατεύθυνσης.Τριάντα τρεις νέοι ποδοσφαιριστές (12 ± 0,7 y) από μία τοπική ακαδημία ποδοσφαίρου συμμετείχαν στην παρούσα μελέτη. Οι ποδοσφαιριστές χωρίστηκαν σε ομάδα ελέγχου (ΟΕ n=17) και πειραματική ομάδα (ΠΟ n=16). Το πρόγραμμα παρέμβασης διεξήχθη κατά τη διάρκεια της αγωνιστικής περιόδου και διήρκησε 6 εβδομάδες. Οι επιδόσεις των αθλητών στην ταχύτητα (10 και 30 m), στο άλμα από ημικάθισμα (SJ), στο άλμα με αντίθετη προπαρασκευαστική κίνηση (CMJ) και στο Illinois Agility Test (IAT) μετρήθηκαν πριν και μετά την εφαρμογή του παρεμβατικού προγράμματος προπόνησης. Από τα αποτελέσματα φάνηκε ότι οι επιδόσεις των ποδοσφαιριστών στην ταχύτητα 10 και 30μ. βελτιώθηκαν στο experiment group (p<0.05), ενώ στο control group δεν υπήρξε στατιστικά μεγάλη βελτίωση. Οι λοιπές μετρήσεις έδειξαν ότι δεν υπήρχαν στατιστικά μεγάλες βελτιώσεις τόσο στα άλματα όσο και στην αλλαγή κατεύθυνσης και στα 2 γκρουπ. Συμπερασματικά από τα αποτελέσματα της παρούσας έρευνας φαίνεται ότι ένα πρόγραμμα μονοποδικών αλμάτων μπορεί να βελτιώσει την ταχύτητα νεαρών ποδοσφαιριστών.
description: Modern soccer is an extremely high intensity sport where the athletes perform a lot of actions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the single leg plyometric training on physical abilities such as speed, jumping and the ability of change the direction. Thirty three young footballers (12 ± 0,7 y) from a local soccer academy participate in this study. The footballers divided into control group (CG n=17) and experiment group (EG n=16). The intervention program was conducted during the competitive period and lasted six weeks. Athlete’s performance in sprint (10 and 30 m), squat jump (SJ), counter movement jump (CMJ) and Illinois agility test (IAT) were measured before and after implementation of the interventional training program.The results showed that the footballer’s performance in spint 10 and 30m. improved in the experiment group (p<0.05), while in the control group there was no statistically significant improvement. Other measurements showed that there were no statistically significant improvements in both jumping and changing direction in both groups. In conclusion, from the results of the present research, it appears that a one-legged jumping program can improve the speed of young soccer players.
Current and Future Perspectives of Aerosol Research at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Creators: name: Matsui, Toshi
name: Ichoku, Charles
name: Randles, Cynthia
name: Yuan, Tianle
name: Silva, Arlindo M. Da
name: Colarco, Peter
name: Kim, Dongchul
name: Levy, Robert
name: Sayer, Andrew
name: Chin, Mian
name: Giles, David
name: Holben, Brent
name: Welton, Ellsworth
name: Eck, Thomas
name: Remer, Lorraine
Publisher: name: AMS
Year: 2014

description: Aerosols are tiny atmospheric particles that are emitted from various natural and anthropogenic sources. They affect climate through direct and indirect interactions with solar and thermal radiation, clouds, and atmospheric circulation (Solomon et al. 2007). The launch of a variety of sophisticated satellite-based observing systems aboard the Terra, Aqua, Aura, SeaWiFS (see appendix for all acronym expansions), CALIPSO, and other satellites in the late 1990s to mid-2000s through the NASA EOS and other U.S. and non-U.S. programs ushered in a golden era in aerosol research. NASA has been a leader in providing global aerosol characterizations through observations from satellites, ground networks, and field campaigns, as well as from global and regional modeling. AeroCenter (http://aerocenter.gsfc.nasa.gov/), which was formed in 2002 to address the many facets of aerosol research in a collaborative manner, is an interdisciplinary union of researchers (~200 members) at NASA GSFC and other nearby institutions, including NOAA, several universities, and research laboratories. AeroCenter hosts a web-accessible regular seminar series and an annual meeting to present up-to-date aerosol research, including measurement techniques; remote sensing algorithms; modeling development; field campaigns; and aerosol interactions with radiation, clouds, precipitation, climate, biosphere, atmospheric chemistry, air quality, and human health. The 2013 annual meeting was held at the NASA GSFC Visitor Center on 31 May 2013, which coincided with the seventh anniversary of the passing of Yoram Kaufman, a modern pioneer in satellite-based aerosol science and the founder of AeroCenter. The central theme of this year's meeting was “current and future perspectives” of NASA's aerosol science and satellite missions.
title:  The Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on the Phenology of Roots in a Barrier Island Sand Dune Community
Creators: name: Weber, Everett P.
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 1994

description: Little work has been done on the phenology of root growth and senescence largely due to methodological difficulties. The application of minirhizotron technology has enabled the tracking of individual roots through an entire growing season. As a result, direct measures of turnover, root growth, and an analysis of cohorts were made. Small plots on a 36 year old dune on Hog Island, a barrier island in the Virginia Coast Reserve Long Term Ecological Research Site, were fertilized with nitrogen. Minirhizotron tubes were installed in each fertilized and control plot. Each tube was sampled monthly for nine months, March through October of 1992. Root length density increased throughout the growing season with the highest root length density in the top 0-20 cm of the soil profile. The fertilized plots had higher root length densities (14.05 mm cm-2) than the unfertilized plots (2.88 mm cm-2). The turnover was higher in the unfertilized plots only in the top 0-20 cm of the soil profile (fertilized = 0.020 percent loss per day, unfertilized 0.024 percent loss per day). The cohort analysis found that the largest loss of roots for a cohort occurs within the first month. There was also a decline in root loss in the last sampling of the last cohort potentially indicating the roots were preparing for the winter months. The overall low turnover rate, the decreased turnover rate with fertilization and the decreased turnover in the last cohort imply that roots tend to be conserved in this nutrient poor system.
title: Мировая культура и искусство
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: Профобразование
Year: 2024

description: В учебном пособии показана динамика развития искусства в общем контексте мировой культуры в период от первобытности до конца европейского Возрождения. Помимо истории европейской культуры от Античности до Возрождения рассматриваются также незападные культуры — цивилизации Древнего Востока и классическая исламская цивилизация. Издание предназначено для студентов всех профессий и специальностей среднего профессионального образования, учебными планами которых предусмотрено изучение дисциплины «Мировая художественная культура».
Cloud retrievals from satellite data using optimal estimation: evaluation and application to ATSR
Creators: name: Poulsen, C. A.
name: Siddans, R.
name: Thomas, G. E.
name: Sayer, Andrew
name: Grainger, R. G.
name: Campmany, E.
name: Dean, S. M.
name: Arnold, C.
name: Watts, P. D.
Publisher: name: EGU
Year: 2012

description: Clouds play an important role in balancing the Earth's radiation budget. Hence, it is vital that cloud climatologies are produced that quantify cloud macro and micro physical parameters and the associated uncertainty. In this paper, we present an algorithm ORAC (Oxford-RAL retrieval of Aerosol and Cloud) which is based on fitting a physically consistent cloud model to satellite observations simultaneously from the visible to the mid-infrared, thereby ensuring that the resulting cloud properties provide both a good representation of the short-wave and long-wave radiative effects of the observed cloud. The advantages of the optimal estimation method are that it enables rigorous error propagation and the inclusion of all measurements and any a priori information and associated errors in a rigorous mathematical framework. The algorithm provides a measure of the consistency between retrieval representation of cloud and satellite radiances. The cloud parameters retrieved are the cloud top pressure, cloud optical depth, cloud effective radius, cloud fraction and cloud phase. The algorithm can be applied to most visible/infrared satellite instruments. In this paper, we demonstrate the applicability to the Along-Track Scanning Radiometers ATSR-2 and AATSR. Examples of applying the algorithm to ATSR-2 flight data are presented and the sensitivity of the retrievals assessed, in particular the algorithm is evaluated for a number of simulated single-layer and multi-layer conditions. The algorithm was found to perform well for single-layer cloud except when the cloud was very thin; i.e., less than 1 optical depths. For the multi-layer cloud, the algorithm was robust except when the upper ice cloud layer is less than five optical depths. In these cases the retrieved cloud top pressure and cloud effective radius become a weighted average of the 2 layers. The sum of optical depth of multi-layer cloud is retrieved well until the cloud becomes thick, greater than 50 optical depths, where the cloud begins to saturate. The cost proved a good indicator of multi-layer scenarios. Both the retrieval cost and the error need to be considered together in order to evaluate the quality of the retrieval. This algorithm in the configuration described here has been applied to both ATSR-2 and AATSR visible and infrared measurements in the context of the GRAPE (Global Retrieval and cloud Product Evaluation) project to produce a 14 yr consistent record for climate research.
UV aerosol absorption experiment (2002-04): 1. UV-MFRSR calibration and performance at GSFC
Creators: name: Krotkov, Nickolay
name: Bhartia, Pawan
name: Herman, Jay
name: Slusser, Jim
name: Scott, Gwen
name: Labow, G
name: Eck, Thomas
name: Holben, Brent
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2005

description: To reduce uncertainties in cloud-free sky UV radiative transfer models of the atmosphere, we conducted an aerosol UV absorption closure experiment where a shadow-band radiometer (a UV-MFRSR, USDA UVB Monitoring and Research Network) and a rotating group of four sun-sky CIMEL radiometers (part of NASA AERONET network) were run side-by-side continuously for 17 months at NASA/GSFC site in Greenbelt, MD. This paper describes a UV-MFRSR on-site calibration method based on AERONET CIMEL measurements of aerosol extinction optical thickness (?ext) by direct a sun technique and Langley Mauna Loa calibrations. The AERONET ?ext was interpolated or extrapolated to the UV-MFRSR wavelengths and measurement intervals and used as input to the spectral band model along with column ozone and surface pressure measurements to estimate zero air mass voltages, Vo in each UV-MFRSR channel. The method does not require stability of ?ext and allows independent Vo estimations for every individual 3-min UV-MFRSR measurement. Daily estimates were obtained for cloud-free conditions and compared with the on-site Langley plot technique. On the clearest stable days both techniques agree within 1%. Uncertainties in ?ext measurements were estimated using co-located identical CIMEL instruments and considered as part of combined V0 error budget. Such comparisons provide an independent check of both instrument’s calibration, and allow relative tracking of the UV-MFRSR diffuser changes (from surface contamination), by repeating the comparisons on clear days. Using such comparisons we found relatively good daily UV-MFRSR reproducibility in summer (+/-2% in ), but larger than expected relative changes in fall-winter seasons. The changes include systematic day-to-day decline for extended periods (with ~0.15%/day V0 decline rate) alternating with step jump changes after major precipitation periods (rain or snow). The changes were highly correlated in all UV-MFRSR channels, and possibly result from diffuser contamination and cleanings. Daily values were used to calculate ?ext for 3-minute UV-MFRSR measurements. These results compared well with interpolated AERONET ?ext measurements (at 368nm daily rms differences in ?ext were within 0.01 (1?) for ?ext< 0.4 and within 0.02(1?) for ?ext<1.2). The advantage of the shadowband technique is that the calibration obtained for direct-sun voltage can be applied to diffuse and total voltages to obtain total and diffuse atmospheric transmittances. These transmittances, in combination with accurate ?ext data, provide an essential foundation for the aerosol column absorption retrievals described in the second part of this paper.
title: Εφαρμογή του διπλογραφικού συστήματος στο δημόσιο τομέα και προβλήματα εφαρμογής του στις οντότητες της Γενικής Κυβέρνησης
title: Application of the diplographic system in the public sector and problems of its application in General Government entities
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Μπράτσης, Ιωάννης
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Δυτικής Αττικής
Year: 2024
Subjects: Νέο Λογιστικό Πλαίσιο
Δημόσιος τομέας
ΠΔ 54/2018
Γενική Κυβέρνηση
Διπλογραφικό σύστημα
Διεθνή λογιστικά πρότυπα

description: Η εργασία έχει ως θέμα, την υποχρέωσης πλήρης εφαρμογής από 1-1-2025 των νέων λογιστικών προτύπων στις οντότητες του Δημοσίου, που θα βασίζονται στα Διεθνή Λογιστικά Πρότυπα, δυνάμει του Π.Δ. 54/2018, ταυτόχρονα με την ανάλυση των δυσκολιών που μπορεί να υπάρξουν για την εφαρμογή αυτών μέσα στα χρονικά όρια που η σχετική νομοθεσία προβλέπει.
AERONET-Based Nonspherical Dust Optical Models and Effects on the VIIRS Deep Blue/SOAR Over Water Aerosol Product
Creators: name: Lee, Jaehwa
name: Hsu, N. Christina
name: Sayer, Andrew
name: Bettenhausen, Corey
name: Yang, Ping
Publisher: name: AGU
Year: 2017
Subjects: aerosol
Deep Blue
dust
nonspherical
SOAR
VIIRS

description: Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET)-based nonspherical dust optical models are developed and applied to the Satellite Ocean Aerosol Retrieval (SOAR) algorithm as part of the Version 1 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) NASA “Deep Blue” aerosol data product suite. The optical models are created using Version 2 AERONET inversion data at six distinct sites influenced frequently by dust aerosols from different source regions. The same spheroid shape distribution as used in the AERONET inversion algorithm is assumed to account for the nonspherical characteristics of mineral dust, which ensures the consistency between the bulk scattering properties of the developed optical models and the AERONET-retrieved microphysical and optical properties. For the Version 1 SOAR aerosol product, the dust optical model representative for Capo Verde site is used, considering the strong influence of Saharan dust over the global ocean in terms of amount and spatial coverage. Comparisons of the VIIRS-retrieved aerosol optical properties against AERONET direct-Sun observations at five island/coastal sites suggest that the use of nonspherical dust optical models significantly improves the retrievals of aerosol optical depth (AOD) and Ångström exponent by mitigating the well-known artifact of scattering angle dependence of the variables, which is observed when incorrectly assuming spherical dust. The resulting removal of these artifacts results in a more natural spatial pattern of AOD along the transport path of Saharan dust to the Atlantic Ocean; that is, AOD decreases with increasing distance transported, whereas the spherical assumption leads to a strong wave pattern due to the spurious scattering angle dependence of AOD.
Μεταλλογραφική διερεύνηση κριτηρίων ποιότητας συγκόλλησης χαλύβδινων τμημάτων μεταλλικών κατασκευών
Creators: name: Ξυνής, Γεώργιος Θεοδώρου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2024
Subjects: Χάλυβας S235JR
Συγκολλήσεις GMAW
Μεταλλογραφικός έλεγχος
Steel S235JR
GMAW weldments
Metallographic investigation

description: Η παρούσα μελέτη περιλαμβάνει τη μεταλλογραφική διερεύνηση συγκολλητών δοκιμίων, που προσομοιάζουν χαλύβδινα τμήματα μεταλλικών κατασκευών. Τα δείγματα αποτελούνται από ελάσματα 3mm και 5mm χάλυβα S235JR, που είναι υλικό χαμηλής κραμάτωσης και χαμηλής περιεκτικότητας σε άνθρακα. Τα δοκίμια συγκολλήθηκαν με τη μέθοδο της χειροκίνητης MIG και την τεχνική της αυχενικής συγκόλλησης και της συγκόλλησης με επικάλυψη. Επιλέχθηκαν υψηλές τιμές έντασης ρεύματος και προστατευτικό αέριο με κύριο συστατικό το CO2, ώστε να μελετηθεί η επίδρασή τους στη συγκολλητή κατασκευή. Μετά από τις κατάλληλες διαδικασίες προετοιμασίας, συμπεριλαμβανομένης της κοπής, της λείανσης, της στίλβωσης και της χημικής προσβολής, αυτά τα δείγματα παρατηρήθηκαν χρησιμοποιώντας στερεοσκόπιο και οπτικό μικροσκόπιο. Η μεταλλογραφική εξέταση των συγκολλημένων δειγμάτων έλαβε χώρα μέσω μικροσκληρομετρήσεων και οπτικής μικροσκοπίας. Αυτές οι μετρήσεις πραγματοποιήθηκαν για την αξιολόγηση της μικροδομής και της ποιότητας και των συγκολλήσεων. Τα αποτελέσματα δείχνουν τις ατέλειες της επιλεγμένης τεχνικής και μεθοδολογίας των συνδέσεων οδηγώντας πρώτιστα σε μηχανικές και δευτερευόντως σε οικονομικές επιπτώσεις των συγκολλητών κατασκευών. Για τη βελτίωση του τελικού αποτελέσματος προτείνεται η κατάλληλη προεργασία των κομματιών, η προσαρμογή των παραμέτρων συγκόλλησης και η αυτοματοποίηση της διαδικασίας για τον περιορισμό του περιθωρίου του ανθρώπινου λάθους.
description: The present study involves the metallographic investigation of welded specimens simulating steel sections of steel structures. The specimens consist of 3mm and 5mm S235JR steel plates, which is a low alloy and low carbon content material. The specimens were welded using the manual MIG method and the technique of T joint and lap joint. High current intensity and shielding gas, consisting mainly of CO2 as the main component, were selected to study their effect on the welded structure. After proper preparation procedures including cutting, grinding, polishing and chemical attack, these specimens were observed using a stereoscope and an optical microscope. Metallographic inspection of the welded samples was performed using optical microscopy and microhardness measurements. These tests were performed to evaluate the microstructure and quality of the welds. The results show the imperfections in the technique and methodology of the joints leading primarily to mechanical and secondarily to economic implications of the welded structures. To improve the result, it is suggested to properly pre-treat the pieces, adjust the welding parameters and automate the process to moderate the margin of human error.
title: Насосы и насосные станции
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: Профобразование
Year: 2024

description: В учебном пособии представлены общие сведения о насосах, насосных агрегатах, насосных установках и насосных станциях, рассмотрены особенности применения центробежных насосных агрегатов и их насосных установок для подачи воды и сточных вод, изложены принципы технологического проектирования насосных станций систем водоснабжения и водоотведения. Кроме того, издание содержит методические указания по курсовому проектированию, а также информацию справочного характера, представленную в приложениях. Учебное пособие предназначено для студентов, обучающихся по специальности среднего профессионального образования «Водоснабжение и водоотведение», изучающих дисциплину «Насосы и воздуходувные станции».
MPEC 2024-M108 : 2024 MK
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Η χρησιμότητα της λογιστικής πληροφορίας στην αποτίμηση των επιχειρήσεων
Creators: name: Κολώνη, Ελισσάβετ
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Πειραιώς
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Αποτίμηση επιχειρήσεων
subject: Υποδείγματα αποτίμησης
subject: Λογιστική πληροφορία
subject: Ταμειακές ροές
subject: Λειτουργικές δραστηριότητες
subject: Επενδυτικές δραστηριότητες
subject: Χρηματοδοτικές δραστηριότητες

description: Το αντικείμενο της αποτίμησης απασχολεί τους επιστήμονες, τους οικονομικούς αναλυτές και τα στελέχη εδώ και δεκαετίες, καθώς o προσδιορισμός της εσωτερικής αξίας των επιχειρήσεων αποτελεί σημαντική διαδικασία για τη λήψη αποφάσεων στο σύγχρονο επιχειρηματικό κόσμο. Γι’ αυτό το λόγο, έχουν αναπτυχθεί διάφορα υποδείγματα που στηρίζονται σε βασικές αρχές της χρηματοοικονομικής και της λογιστικής επιστήμης, τα οποία έχουν αποτελέσει αντικείμενο ενδελεχούς έρευνας από τους ακαδημαϊκούς ερευνητές. Σκοπός της παρούσας διπλωματικής εργασίας, είναι η εκτενής παρουσίαση και ανάλυση των διαφόρων μεθόδων αποτίμησης, η σύγκριση των υποδειγμάτων μεταξύ τους και η ανάδειξη της χρησιμότητας της λογιστικής πληροφορίας στην αποτίμηση επιχειρήσεων. Συγκεκριμένα, η εργασία αποτελείται από δύο μέρη, το θεωρητικό και το ερευνητικό μέρος. Το θεωρητικό μέρος περιλαμβάνει εισαγωγικές έννοιες σχετικά με τη λογιστική πληροφορία και την αποτίμηση, την βιβλιογραφική ανασκόπηση των υποδειγμάτων αποτίμησης και μελετών σύγκρισης αυτών, καθώς και την παρουσίαση μελετών συσχέτισης της αξίας των επιχειρήσεων και λογιστικών μεγεθών. Το ερευνητικό μέρος περιλαμβάνει τη μελέτη της επίδρασης της λογιστικής πληροφορίας στην αποτίμηση των επιχειρήσεων και συγκεκριμένα την επίδραση των ταμειακών ροών από λειτουργικές, επενδυτικές και χρηματοδοτικές δραστηριότητες, της χρηματοοικονομικής μόχλευσης, της κυκλοφοριακής ταχύτητας ενεργητικού και του μεγέθους της επιχείρησης στη τιμή του δείκτη Tobin’s q αμερικανικών επιχειρήσεων. Τα αποτελέσματα της έρευνας που προκύπτουν, δείχνουν πως οι ταμειακές ροές, η χρηματοοικονομική μόχλευση και ο αριθμοδείκτης κυκλοφοριακής ταχύτητας ενεργητικού έχουν ισχυρή θετική επίδραση στην αξία των επιχειρήσεων του δείγματος, ενώ το μέγεθος της επιχείρησης που μετριέται από το σύνολο ενεργητικού έχει ισχυρή αρνητική επίδραση στην αξία τους.
Κρατικοί φορείς εποπτείας και ελέγχου τουριστικού τομέα
Creators: name: Αποστόλου, Μαρίνα
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Πειραιώς
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Τουρισμός
subject: Τουριστικός κλάδος
subject: Κρατικοί φορείς εποπτείας
subject: Υπουργείο Πολιτισμού και Τουρισμού

description: Η παρούσα εργασία έχει σαν στόχο να αναδείξει το ρόλο των βασικότερων κρατικών φορέων τουρισμού και τον τρόπο που αυτοί λειτουργούν, έχοντας σαν απώτερο σκοπό, μέσω των μηχανισμών ελέγχου, την προώθηση και ενίσχυση του τουριστικού τομέα. Στο πρώτο κεφάλαιο πραγματοποιείται μια εισαγωγή στο θεωρητικό υπόβαθρο των κρατικών φορέων και των γενικών αρχών καλής διοίκησης και συμπεριφοράς. Στο δεύτερο κεφάλαιο γίνεται μια συνοπτική αναφορά στην έννοια του τουρισμού, τον ρυθμό ανάπτυξής του και τη συμβολή του στην οικονομία, την κοινωνία και τον πολιτισμό. Στο τρίτο κεφάλαιο παρουσιάζονται αναλυτικά καθένας από τους κρατικούς φορείς τουρισμού, οι αρμοδιότητές του και ο τρόπος λειτουργίας τους. Γίνεται εκτενής αναφορά στο Υπουργείο Πολιτισμού και Τουρισμού, στον Ε.Ο.Τ, στην Τουριστική και Δημοτική Αστυνομία, στο Λιμενικό Σώμα, καθώς και στις Υπηρεσίες που ανήκουν στην Περιφέρεια και είναι υπεύθυνες για την ενίσχυσή του. Στο τέταρτο και τελευταίο κεφάλαιο παρατίθενται τα σημαντικότερα κομμάτια της νομοθεσία που αφορά τους φορείς τουρισμού. Γίνεται επίσης μια πιο αναλυτική αναφορά στη νομοθεσία που έχει να κάνει με τη διάκριση των τουριστικών επιχειρήσεων, τα τουριστικά και ναυλομεσιτικά γραφεία, τα γραφεία ενοικιάσεως αυτοκινήτων, τα ειδικά τουριστικά λεωφορεία, τα τουριστικά καταστήματα και τα καταστήματα αναψυχής, καθώς και στα καζίνο και τις μαρίνες τα οποία και ελέγχονται από τους προαναφερθέντες φορείς. Το συμπέρασμα που προκύπτει από τη συγκεκριμένη εργασία είναι η αναγκαιότητα ύπαρξης των κρατικών φορέων τουρισμού σε συνδυασμό με όλους τους κρατικούς μηχανισμούς, οι οποίοι ανάλογα με το ρόλο τους ασκούν είτε την νομοθετική είτε την εκτελεστική εξουσία και συμβάλλουν με τον δικό τους μοναδικό τρόπο στην επίτευξη της αρμονίας και της ασφάλειας των τουριστών- χρηστών των τουριστικών εγκαταστάσεων.
Low ozone amounts during 1992–1993 from Nimbus 7 and Meteor 3 total ozone mapping spectrometers
Creators: name: Herman, Jay
name: Larko, D.
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 1994

description: The global distribution of ozone during the October 31, 1978, to May 6, 1993, observing lifetime of the Nimbus 7 total ozone mapping spectrometer (TOMS) is described, with emphasis on the low ozone amounts observed during 1992 and 1993. Ozone amount time series are extended beyond May 6, 1993, to the end of July 1993 using preliminary Meteor 3 TOMS data. Time series for zonally averaged ozone amounts show that there has not been a significant shift in the seasonal patterns of ozone maxima and minima caused by the Mount Pinatubo eruption or by the onset of very low ozone values during 1992 and 1993. There has been a relatively slow, nearly linear decrease in the amount of ozone over the entire globe from 1979 to the end of 1991, with rates ranging from no change at the equator to a 4–6% decrease per decade at midlatitudes and a 10–12% decrease per decade at higher latitudes. After the eruption of Mount Pinatubo during June 1991, the ozone amount decreased in the equatorial latitudes (10°S to 10°N) for about 6 months (?10 Dobson units (DU) between 0° and 10°S and ?3 DU between 0° and 10°N). During 1992 and continuing into 1993, the rate of ozone decrease deviated from the previously linear trend with the onset of changes that were large in comparison with the historical range of ozone values from 1979 to 1991. The first of the large decreases in ozone amount occurred earlier, in February 1990 to May 1990, at 50°–70°N. At high northern latitudes, the 1993 decreased ozone amounts were about 12.5% below the envelope of historical values; at midlatitudes they were about 7% lower; and at low latitudes they were about 4% lower. Area-weighted averages in the northern and southern hemispheres show that most of the 1992–1993 ozone losses have occurred in the northern hemisphere. The 1993 global average (70°S to 70°N) ozone amount is 3% below the 1979 to 1991 minimum, 5% below the historical envelope in the northern hemisphere, and near the lower boundary of the historical envelope in the southern hemisphere. In the 70°–60°S latitude band, the ozone losses between 1979 and 1993 have reduced the annual minimum amount to values below those seen in the equatorial regions.
Evaluating TMPA Rainfall over the Sparsely Gauged East African Rift
Creators: name: Monsieurs, Elise
name: Kirschbaum, Dalia Bach
name: Tan, Jackson
name: Mateso, Jean-Claude Maki
name: Jacobs, Liesbet
name: Plisnier, Pierre-Denis
name: Thiery, Wim
name: Umutoni, Augusta
name: Musoni, Didace
name: Bibentyo, Toussaint Mugaruka
name: Ganza, Gloire Bamulezi
name: Mawe, Guy Ilombe
name: Bagalwa, Luc
name: Kankurize, Clairia
name: Michellier, Caroline
name: Stanley, Thomas
name: Kervyn, Francois
name: Kervyn, Matthieu
name: Demoulin, Alain
name: Dewitte, Olivier
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2018

description: Abstract Accurate precipitation data are fundamental for understanding and mitigating the disastrous effects of many natural hazards in mountainous areas. Floods and landslides, in particular, are potentially deadly events that can be mitigated with advanced warning, but accurate forecasts require timely estimation of precipitation, which is problematic in regions such as tropical Africa with limited gauge measurements. Satellite rainfall estimates (SREs) are of great value in such areas, but rigorous validation is required to identify the uncertainties linked to SREs for hazard applications. This paper presents results of an unprecedented record of gauge data in the western branch of the East African Rift, with temporal resolutions ranging from 30 min to 24 h and records from 1998 to 2018. These data were used to validate the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) research version and near-real-time products for 3-hourly, daily, and monthly rainfall accumulations, over multiple spatial scales. Results indicate that there are at least two factors that led to the underestimation of TMPA at the regional level: complex topography and high rainfall intensities. The TMPA near-real-time product shows overall stronger rainfall underestimations but lower absolute errors and a better performance at higher rainfall intensities compared to the research version. We found area-averaged TMPA rainfall estimates relatively more suitable in order to move toward regional hazard assessment, compared to data from scarcely distributed gauges with limited representativeness in the context of high rainfall variability.
Hyperspectral aerosol optical depths from TCAP flights
Creators: name: Shinozuka, Y.
name: Johnson, R. R.
name: Flynn, C. J.
name: Russell, P. B.
name: Schmid, B.
name: Redemann, J.
name: Dunagan, S. E.
name: Kluzek, C. D.
name: Hubbe, J. M.
name: Segal-Rosenheimer, M.
name: Livingston, J. M.
name: Eck, Thomas
name: Wagener, R.
name: Gregory, L.
name: Chand, D.
name: Berg, L. K.
name: Rogers, R. R.
name: Ferrare, R. A.
name: Hair, J. W.
name: Hostetler, C. A.
name: Burton, S. P.
Publisher: name: AGU
Year: 2013
Subjects: aerosol
airborne
AOD
sunphotometer
TCAP

description: AbstractThe 4STAR (Spectrometer for Sky-Scanning, Sun-Tracking Atmospheric Research), a hyperspectral airborne Sun photometer, acquired aerosol optical depths (AOD) at 1 Hz during all July 2012 flights of the Two-Column Aerosol Project. Root-mean-square differences from Aerosol Robotic Network ground-based observations were 0.01 at wavelengths between 500–1020 nm, 0.02 at 380 and 1640 nm, and 0.03 at 440 nm in four clear-sky fly-over events, and similar in ground side-by-side comparisons. Changes in the above-aircraft AOD across 3 km deep spirals were typically consistent with integrals of coincident in situ (on Department of Energy Gulfstream 1 with 4STAR) and lidar (on NASA B200) extinction measurements within 0.01, 0.03, 0.01, 0.02, 0.02, and 0.02 at 355, 450, 532, 550, 700, and 1064 nm, respectively, despite atmospheric variations and combined measurement uncertainties. Finer vertical differentials of the 4STAR measurements matched the in situ ambient extinction profile within 14% for one homogeneous column. For the AOD observed between 350 and 1660 nm, excluding strong water vapor and oxygen absorption bands, estimated uncertainties were 0.01 and dominated by (then) unpredictable throughput changes, up to ±0.8%, of the fiber optic rotary joint. The favorable intercomparisons herald 4STAR's spatially resolved high-frequency hyperspectral products as a reliable tool for climate studies and satellite validation.
Multiangle Imaging SpectroRadiometer global aerosol product assessment by comparison with the Aerosol Robotic Network
Creators: name: Kahn, Ralph A.
name: Gaitley, Barbara J.
name: Garay, Michael J.
name: Diner, David J.
name: Eck, Thomas
name: Smirnov, Alexander
name: Holben, Brent N.
Publisher: name: AGU
Year: 2010
Subjects: aerosol remote sensing
MISR
multi-angle imaging

description: A statistical approach is used to assess the quality of the Multiangle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) version 22 (V22) aerosol products. Aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrieval results are improved relative to the early postlaunch values reported by [Kahn et al. (2005)], which varied with particle type category. Overall, about 70% to 75% of MISR AOD retrievals fall within 0.05 or 20% × AOD of the paired validation data from the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET), and about 50% to 55% are within 0.03 or 10% × AERONET AOD, except at sites where dust or mixed dust and smoke are commonly found. Retrieved particle microphysical properties amount to categorical values, such as three size groupings: “small,” “medium,” and “large.” For particle size, ground-based AERONET sun photometer Angstrom exponents are used to assess statistically the corresponding MISR values, which are interpreted in terms of retrieved size categories. Coincident single-scattering albedo (SSA) and fraction AOD spherical data are too limited for statistical validation. V22 distinguishes two or three size bins, depending on aerosol type, and about two bins in SSA (absorbing vs. nonabsorbing), as well as spherical vs. nonspherical particles, under good retrieval conditions. Particle type sensitivity varies considerably with conditions and is diminished for midvisible AODs below about 0.15 or 0.2. On the basis of these results, specific algorithm upgrades are proposed and are being investigated by the MISR team for possible implementation in future versions of the product.
Ship-based aerosol optical depth measurements in the Atlantic Ocean: Comparison with satellite retrievals and GOCART model
Creators: name: Smirnov, A.
name: Holben, B. N.
name: Sakerin, S. M.
name: Kabanov, D. M.
name: Slutsker, I.
name: Chin, M.
name: Diehl, T. L.
name: Remer, L. A.
name: Kahn, R.
name: Ignatov, A.
name: Liu, L.
name: Mishchenko, M.
name: Eck, Thomas
name: Kucsera, T. L.
name: Giles, D.
name: Kopelevich, O. V.
Publisher: name: AGU
Year: 2006

description: Aerosol optical depth measurements were made in October–December 2004 onboard the R/V Akademik Sergey Vavilov. The cruise area included an Atlantic transect from North Sea to Cape Town and then a crossing in the South Atlantic to Argentina. In the open oceanic areas not influenced by continental sources aerosol optical depth values were close to background oceanic conditions (?a ? 0.06–0.08). Spectral dependence, especially in the high latitude Southern Atlantic, can be considered as quasi-neutral (Angstrom parameter ? was less than 0.4). Back-trajectory analysis allowed statistical division of the aerosol optical parameters and showed similar properties for the North Atlantic polar marine, South Atlantic subtropical marine and South Atlantic polar marine air. Ship-borne aerosol optical depth comparisons to GOCART model and satellite retrievals revealed systematic biases. Satellite retrieved optical depths are generally higher by 0.02–0.07 (depending on the sensor), especially in low ?a conditions. GOCART model simulated optical depths correlate well with the ship measurements and, despite overall bias and a notable disparity with the observations in a number of cases, about 30% agree within ±0.01.
title: Начертательная геометрия
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: Профобразование
Year: 2024

description: Учебное пособие включает теоретический материал по начертательной геометрии; особое внимание уделено теме взаимного пересечения поверхностей в ортогональных и аксонометрических проекциях. В издании представлены индивидуальные варианты заданий, требования к выполнению курсовой работы, контрольные вопросы и рекомендованная литература. Учебное пособие предназначено для изучения дисциплины «Начертательная геометрия» по специальностям среднего профессионального образования «Архитектура», «Изобразительное искусство и черчение». Книга может быть также полезна студентам всех специальностей и профессий, учебными планами которых предусмотрено изучение курса «Инженерная графика».