cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Multipartite entanglement after a quantum quench
Creators: name: Pappalardi, Silvia
name: Russomanno, Angelo
name: Silva, Alessandro
name: Fazio, Rosario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the multipartite entanglement of a quantum many-body system undergoing a quantum quench. We quantify multipartite entanglement through the quantum Fisher information (QFI) density and we are able to express it after a quench in terms of a generalized response function. For pure state initial conditions and in the thermodynamic limit, we can express the QFI as the fluctuations of an observable computed in the so-called diagonal ensemble. We apply the formalism to the dynamics of a quantum Ising chain after a quench in the transverse field. In this model the asymptotic state is, in almost all cases, more than two-partite entangled. Moreover, starting from the ferromagnetic phase, we find a divergence of multipartite entanglement for small quenches closely connected to a corresponding divergence of the correlation length.
description: 20 pages, 9 figures, un-copyedited version of the article published in Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment
Orbital magnetization of interacting Dirac fermions in graphene
Creators: name: Yan, Xin-Zhong
name: Ting, C. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a formalism to calculate the orbital magnetization of interacting Dirac fermions under a magnetic field. In this approach, the divergence difficulty is overcome with a special limit of the derivative of the thermodynamic potential with respect to the magnetic field. The formalism satisfies the particle-hole symmetry of the Dirac fermions system. We apply the formalism to the interacting Dirac fermions in graphene. The charge and spin orderings and the exchange interactions between all the Landau levels are taken into account by the mean-field theory. The results for the orbital magnetization of interacting Dirac fermions are compared with that of non-interacting cases.
description: 8+ pages, 5 figures
Close-to-equilibrium behaviour of quadratic reaction-diffusion systems with detailed balance
Creators: name: Cáceres, María J.
name: Cañizo, José A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study general quadratic reaction-diffusion systems with detailed balance, in space dimension $d \leq 4$. We show that close-to-equilibrium solutions (in an $L^2$ sense) are regular for all times, and that they relax to equilibrium exponentially in a strong sense. That is: all detailed balance equilibria are exponentially asymptotically stable in all $L^p$ norms, at least in dimension $d \leq 4$. The results are given in detail for the four-species reaction-diffusion system, where the involved constants can be estimated explicitly. The main novelty is the regularity result and exponential relaxation in $L^p$ norms for $p > 1$, which up to our knowledge is new in dimensions 3 and 4.
VALES: I. The molecular gas content in star-forming dusty H-ATLAS galaxies up to z=0.35
Creators: name: Villanueva, V.
name: Ibar, E.
name: Hughes, T. M.
name: Lara-López, M. A.
name: Dunne, L.
name: Eales, S.
name: Ivison, R. J.
name: Aravena, M.
name: Baes, M.
name: Bourne, N.
name: Cassata, P.
name: Cooray, A.
name: Dannerbauer, H.
name: Davies, L. J. M.
name: Driver, S. P.
name: Dye, S.
name: Furlanetto, C.
name: Herrera-Camus, R.
name: Maddox, S. J.
name: Michalowski, M. J.
name: Molina, J.
name: Riechers, D.
name: Sansom, A. E.
name: Smith, M. W. L.
name: Rodighiero, G.
name: Valiante, E.
name: van der Werf, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an extragalactic survey using observations from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) to characterise galaxy populations up to $z=0.35$: the Valparaíso ALMA Line Emission Survey (VALES). We use ALMA Band-3 CO(1--0) observations to study the molecular gas content in a sample of 67 dusty normal star-forming galaxies selected from the $Herschel$ Astrophysical Terahertz Large Area Survey ($H$-ATLAS). We have spectrally detected 49 galaxies at $>5σ$ significance and 12 others are seen at low significance in stacked spectra. CO luminosities are in the range of $(0.03-1.31)\times10^{10}$ K km s$^{-1}$ pc$^2$, equivalent to $\log({\rm M_{gas}/M_{\odot}}) =8.9-10.9$ assuming an $α_{\rm CO}$=4.6(K km s$^{-1}$ pc$^{2}$)$^{-1}$, which perfectly complements the parameter space previously explored with local and high-z normal galaxies. We compute the optical to CO size ratio for 21 galaxies resolved by ALMA at $\sim 3$."$5$ resolution (6.5 kpc), finding that the molecular gas is on average $\sim$ 0.6 times more compact than the stellar component. We obtain a global Schmidt-Kennicutt relation, given by $\log [Σ_{\rm SFR}/({\rm M_{\odot} yr^{-1}kpc^{-2}})]=(1.26 \pm 0.02) \times \log [Σ_{\rm M_{H2}}/({\rm M_{\odot}\,pc^{-2}})]-(3.6 \pm 0.2)$. We find a significant fraction of galaxies lying at `intermediate efficiencies' between a long-standing mode of star-formation activity and a starburst, specially at $\rm L_{IR}=10^{11-12} L_{\odot}$. Combining our observations with data taken from the literature, we propose that star formation efficiencies can be parameterised by $\log [{\rm SFR/M_{H2}}]=0.19 \times {\rm (\log {L_{IR}}-11.45)}-8.26-0.41 \times \arctan[-4.84 (\log {\rm L_{IR}}-11.45) ]$. Within the redshift range we explore ($z<0.35$), we identify a rapid increase of the gas content as a function of redshift.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 31 pages, including 9 figures and 2 tables
xFitter: An Open Source QCD Analysis Framework - A resource and reference document for the Snowmass study
Creators: name: Abdolmaleki, Hamed
name: Amoroso, Simone
name: Bertone, V.
name: Botje, M.
name: Britzger, D.
name: Camarda, S.
name: Cooper-Sarkar, Amanda
name: Fiaschi, J.
name: Giuli, F.
name: Glazov, Alexander
name: Gwenlan, Claire
name: Hautmann, Francesco
name: Jung, H.
name: Kusina, A.
name: Luszczak, Agnieszka
name: Mäkelä, T.
name: Novikov, I.
name: Olness, Fred
name: Sadykov, R.
name: Starovoitov, P.
name: Sutton, Mark
name: Zenaiev, O.
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: angular distribution: asymmetry
heavy quark: production
pi: fragmentation function
quantum chromodynamics
modular
programming
resummation
small-x
CERN Lab
Drell-Yan process
numerical methods

description: We provide an overview of the xFitter open-source software package, review the general capabilities of the program, and highlight applications relevant to the Snowmass study. An updated version of the program (2.2.0) is available on CERN GitLab, a and this has been updated to a C++ codebase with enhanced and extended features. We also discuss some of the ongoing and future code developments that may be useful for precision studies. We survey recent analyses performed by the xFitter developers' team including: W and Z production, photon PDFs, Drell-Yan forward-backward asymmetry studies, resummation of small-x contributions, heavy quark production, constraints on the strange PDF, determination of the pion PDF, and determination of the pion Fragmentation Functions. Finally, we briefly summarize selected applications of xFitter in the literature. The xFitter program is a versatile, flexible, modular, and comprehensive tool that can provide impact studies for possible future facilities. We encourage the use of xFitter, and welcome new contributions from the community.
Helping or hurting? The impact of foreign fighters on militant group behavior
Creators: name: Bacon, Tricia
name: Ellis, Grace
name: Milton, Daniel
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
classificationCode: 111714
subject: Mental Health

description: How do foreign fighters affect militant group behavior? Recent studies have examined the impact of foreign fighters on broader conflict outcomes, but we explore their specific impact on group behavior. Using foreign fighter data, we find that the presence of foreign fighters is positively related to group longevity, use of suicide operations, and the geographic spread of its operations. We elaborate on these findings in a case study of foreign fighters in al-Shabaab. This article provides important contributions to both scholarship and policy, elucidating the ideological and logistical impact of foreign fighters on tactics, target choices, and group lifespan.
Dissipation in the Caldeira-Leggett model
Creators: name: Ferialdi, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Caldeira and Leggett (CL) in a seminal paper derived a master equation describing Markovian Quantum Brownian motion. Such an equation suffered of not being completely positive, and many efforts have been made to solve this issue. We show that, when a careful mathematical analysis is performed, the model considered by CL leads to a non dissipative master equation. We argue that the correct way to understand the master equation derived in the CL regime is to consider it non-Markovian. Moreover, we show that if one wants to provide a microscopic description of Quantum Brownian motion with the CL model, one always needs to consider a non-Markovian dynamics. We conclude that dissipation is a genuinely non-Markovian feature.
Experimental investigations on nucleation, bubble growth, and micro-explosion characteristics during the combustion of ethanol/Jet A-1 fuel droplets
Creators: name: Rao, D. Chaitanya Kumar
name: Syam, S.
name: Karmakar, Srinibas
name: Joarder, Ratan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The combustion characteristics of ethanol/Jet A-1 fuel droplets having three different proportions of ethanol (10%, 30%, and 50% by vol.) are investigated in the present study. The large volatility differential between ethanol and Jet A-1 and the nominal immiscibility of the fuels seem to result in combustion characteristics that are rather different from our previous work on butanol/Jet A-1 droplets (miscible blends). Abrupt explosion was facilitated in fuel droplets comprising lower proportions of ethanol (10%), possibly due to insufficient nucleation sites inside the droplet and the partially unmixed fuel mixture. For the fuel droplets containing higher proportions of ethanol (30% and 50%), micro-explosion occurred through homogeneous nucleation, leading to the ejection of secondary droplets and subsequent significant reduction in the overall droplet lifetime. The rate of bubble growth is nearly similar in all the blends of ethanol; however, the evolution of ethanol vapor bubble is significantly faster than that of a vapor bubble in the blends of butanol. The probability of disruptive behavior is considerably higher in ethanol/Jet A-1 blends than that of butanol/Jet A-1 blends. The Sauter mean diameter of the secondary droplets produced from micro-explosion is larger for blends with a higher proportion of ethanol. Both abrupt explosion and micro-explosion create a large-scale distortion of the flame, which surrounds the parent droplet. The secondary droplets generated from abrupt explosion undergo rapid evaporation whereas the secondary droplets from micro-explosion carry their individual flame and evaporate slowly. The growth of vapor bubble was also witnessed in the secondary droplets, which leads to the further breakup of the droplet (puffing/micro-explosion).
description: 23 pages, 13 figures
Are eikonal quasinormal modes linked to the unstable circular null geodesics?
Creators: name: Konoplya, R. A.
name: Stuchlík, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In Phys. Rev. D 79, 064016 (2009) it was claimed that quasinormal modes which any stationary, spherically symmetric and asymptotically flat black hole emits in the eikonal regime are determined by the parameters of the circular null geodesic: the real and imaginary parts of the quasinormal mode are multiples of the frequency and instability timescale of the circular null geodesics respectively. We shall consider asymptotically flat black hole in the Einstein-Lovelock theory, find analytical expressions for gravitational quasinormal modes in the eikonal regime and analyze the null geodesics. Comparison of the both phenomena shows that the expected link between the null geodesics and quasinormal modes is violated in the Einstein-Lovelock theory. Nevertheless, the correspondence exists for a number of other cases and here we formulate its actual limits.
description: 8 pages, revtex, refereed version, accepted for publication in Physics Letters B
Triple point fermions in a minimal symmorphic model
Creators: name: Fulga, I. C.
name: Stern, Ady
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gapless topological phases of matter may host emergent quasiparticle excitations which have no analog in quantum field theory. This is the case of so called triple point fermions (TPF), quasiparticle excitations protected by crystal symmetries, which show fermionic statistics but have an integer (pseudo)spin degree of freedom. TPFs have been predicted in certain three-dimensional non-symmorphic crystals, where they are pinned to high symmetry points of the Brillouin zone. In this work, we introduce a minimal, three-band model which hosts TPFs protected only by the combination of a C4 rotation and an anti-commuting mirror symmetry. Unlike current non-symmorphic realizations, our model allows for TPFs which are anisotropic and can be created or annihilated pairwise. It provides a simple, numerically affordable platform for their study.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, final version
title: In memoriam Carl Schröter
title: Carl Schröter
titleType: AlternativeTitle
title: 1855-1939
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Rikli, Martin
Publisher: name: Zentralbibliothek Zürich
Year: 1939
Subjects: subject: 920 Biografien, Genealogie, Insignien
subject: Nachruf
subject: Schröter, Carl
subject: Esslingen am Neckar
subject: Zürich

description: Sonderdruck aus: Neue Zürcher Zeitung
Adiabatically compressed wave dark matter halo and intermediate-mass ratio inspirals
Creators: name: Kim, Hyungjin
name: Lenoci, Alessandro
name: Stomberg, Isak
name: Xue, Xiao
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2023
Subjects: dark matter, halo
boson, dark matter
mass, density
black hole, mass
approximation, semiclassical
adiabatic
capture
gravitational radiation
gravitational radiation detector
soliton
suppression
LISA
angular momentum

description: The adiabatic growth of a central massive black hole could compress the surrounding dark matter halo, leading to a steeper profile of the dark matter halo. This phenomenon is called adiabatic compression. We investigate the adiabatic compression of wave dark matter - a light bosonic dark matter candidate with its mass smaller than a few eV. Using the adiabatic theorem, we show that the adiabatic compression leads to a much denser wave dark matter halo similar to the particle dark matter halo in the semiclassical limit. The compressed wave halo differs from that of the particle halo near the center where the semiclassical approximation breaks down, and the central profile depends on dark matter and the central black hole mass as they determine whether the soliton and low angular momentum modes can survive over the astrophysical time scale without being absorbed by the black hole. Such a compressed profile has several astrophysical implications. As one example, we study the gravitational waves from the inspiral between a central intermediate-mass black hole and a compact solar-mass object within the wave dark matter halo. Due to the enhanced mass density, the compressed wave dark matter halo exerts stronger dynamical friction on the orbiting object, leading to the dephasing of the gravitational waves. The pattern of dephasing is distinctive from that of inspirals in the particle dark matter halo because of the difference in density profile and because of the relatively suppressed dynamical friction force, originating from the wave nature of dark matter. We investigate the prospects of future gravitational wave detectors, such as Laser Interferometer Space Antenna, and identify physics scenarios where the wave dark matter halo can be reconstructed from gravitational wave observations.
title: Rezension: Bechtel, Mark & Rudolph, Tom (Hrsg.) (2022): Reflexionskompetenz in der Fremdsprachenlehrer*innenbildung. Theorien – Konzepte – Empirie. Konferenzband. Peter Lang. ISBN 9783631828878. 188 Seiten. 44,95 €
Creators: name: Skintey, Lesya
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt
Year: 2023

description: Der Reflexionskompetenz (angehender) Lehrer*innen wird eine hohe Bedeutung für die Professionalisierung zugesprochen. Dabei werden die Fragen nach der Modellierung, Entwicklung, Förderung und Messung von Reflexionskompetenz nicht nur in der allgemeinen Didaktik diskutiert, sondern geraten auch in den Fokus der an der Lehrer*innenbildung beteiligten Fachdidaktiken. Zentral sind dabei die Rolle der Fachlichkeit bei der Herausbildung, Entwicklung und Förderung von Reflexion sowie die Identifikation gegenstands- und prozessbezogener Merkmale einer fachspezifischen Reflexion.
title: Micro-Twinning in IN738LC Manufactured with Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Creators: name: Megahed, Sandra
name: Krämer, Karl Michael
name: Kontermann, Christian
name: Heinze, Christoph
name: Udoh, Annett
name: Weihe, Stefan
name: Oechsner, Matthias
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2023

description: Components manufactured with Metal Laser Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB/M) are built in a layerwise fashion. The PBF-LB/M build orientation affects grain morphology and orientation. Depending on the build orientation, microstructures from equiaxed to textured grains can develop. In the case of a textured microstructure, a clear anisotropy of the mechanical properties affecting short- and long-term mechanical properties can be observed, which must be considered in the component design. Within the scope of this study, the IN738LC tensile and creep properties of PBF-LB/M samples manufactured in 0° (perpendicular to build direction), 45° and 90° (parallel to build direction) build orientations were investigated. While the hot tensile results (at 850 °C) are as expected, where the tensile properties of the 45° build orientation lay between those of 0° and 90°, the creep results (performed at 850 °C and 200 MPa) of the 45° build orientation show the least time to rupture. This study discusses the microstructural reasoning behind the peculiar creep behavior of 45° oriented IN738LC samples and correlates the results to heat-treated microstructures and the solidification conditions of the PBF-LB/M process itself.
title: Münchner Illustrierte Presse (1923 bis 1933): von Otto A. Hirth bis Stefan Lorant
Creators: name: Hartmann, Reiner
Publisher: name: ZZF - Leibniz-Zentrum für Zeithistorische Forschung: Visual History
Year: 2023

description: Das Blatt mit den großen Namen seiner Bildberichterstatter und dem Ruf seines letzten Chefredakteurs in der Weimarer Republik Stefan Lorant gilt bis heute als Keimzelle des modernen Bildjournalismus. Angaben zur Zeitschrift und zu ihrer Redaktion sind oft unvollständig oder falsch, in der nationalen und internationalen bildjournalistischen Literatur lebt sie jedoch beständig fort. Der Fotojournalist Tim N. Gidal prägte ein bis heute mächtiges Narrativ: „Die Photoreportage hatte 1929 bei der Münchner den entscheidenden Schritt zu einem klar umrissenen Selbstverständnis getan. Dasselbe gilt für den Photojournalismus als Ganzes.“ Der moderne Bildjournalismus begann nicht dort, wo Gidal und Lorant den „Paukenschlag“ hörten. Es entwickelte sich in der Forschung ein realitätsnäheres prozessuales Verständnis zu dessen Professionalisierung, die sich auf viele Beiträge berufen kann. Auch gingen die Untersuchungen zeitlich und räumlich über nationale Fokussierungen hinaus. Geblieben ist der Ruf der „Münchner Illustrierte Presse“, obwohl die Zeitschrift – abgesehen von den subjektiven Werturteilen Gidals und Lorants – wenig untersucht worden ist. Wurde die Illustrierte im Jahr 1929 wirklich aus einem „statischen […] etwas provinziell […] in ihrer Aufmachung noch phantasielosen“ Dasein geführt? Und wie würde ein Vergleich mit der auflagenstärkeren „Berliner Illustrirte Zeitung“ ausfallen?
Mass and Eccentricity Constraints in the WASP-47 Planetary System from a Simultaneous Analysis of Radial Velocities & Transit Timing Variations
Creators: name: Weiss, Lauren M.
name: Deck, Katherine
name: Sinukoff, Evan
name: Petigura, Erik A.
name: Agol, Eric
name: Lee, Eve J.
name: Becker, Juliette C.
name: Howard, Andrew W.
name: Isaacson, Howard
name: Crossfield, Ian J. M.
name: Fulton, Benjamin J.
name: Hirsch, Lea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measuring precise planet masses, densities, and orbital dynamics in individual planetary systems is an important pathway toward understanding planet formation. The WASP-47 system has an unusual architecture that motivates a complex formation theory. The system includes a hot Jupiter ("b") neighbored by interior ("e") and exterior ("d") sub-Neptunes, and a long-period eccentric giant planet ("c"). We simultaneously modeled transit times from the Kepler K2 Mission and 118 radial velocities to determine precise masses, densities, and Keplerian orbital elements of the WASP-47 planets. Combining RVs and TTVs provides a better estimate of the mass of planet d (13.6\pm2.0~M_\odot) than obtained with only RVs ($12.75\pm2.70~M_\odot$) or TTVs ($16.1\pm3.8~M_\odot$). Planets e and d have high densities for their size, consistent with a history of photo-evaporation and/or formation in a volatile-poor environment. Through our RV and TTV analysis, we find that the planetary orbits have eccentricities similar to the solar system planets. The WASP-47 system has three similarities to our own solar system: (1) the planetary orbits are nearly circular and coplanar, (2) the planets are not trapped in mean motion resonances, and (3) the planets have diverse compositions. None of the current single-process exoplanet formation theories adequately reproduce these three characteristics of the WASP-47 system (or our solar system). We propose that WASP-47, like the solar system, formed in two stages: first, the giant planets formed in a gas-rich disk and migrated to their present locations, and second, the high-density sub-Neptunes formed in situ in a gas-poor environment.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal. 18 pages, 10 figures
Entanglement generation between a charge qubit and its bosonic environment during pure dephasing - dependence on environment size
Creators: name: Salamon, Tymoteusz
name: Roszak, Katarzyna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study entanglement generated between a charge qubit and a bosonic bath due to their joint evolution which leads to pure dephasing of the qubit. We tune the parameters of the interaction, so that the decoherence is quantitatively independent of the number of bosonic modes taken into account and investigate, how the entanglement generated depends on the size of the environment. A second parameter of interest is the mixedness of the initial state of the environment which is controlled by temperature. We show analytically that for a pure initial state of the environment, entanglement does not depend on environment size. For mixed initial states of the environment, the generated entanglement decreases with the increase of environment size. This effect is stronger for larger temperatures, when the environment is initially more mixed, but in the limit of an infinitely large environment, no entanglement is created at any finite temperature.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
Towards a holographic approach to spherical aberration correction in scanning transmission electron microscopy
Creators: name: Grillo, Vincenzo
name: Tavabi, Amir H.
name: Yucelen, Emrah
name: Lu, Peng-Han
name: Venturi, Federico
name: Larocque, Hugo
name: Jin, Lei
name: Savenko, Aleksei
name: Gazzadi, Gian Carlo
name: Balboni, Roberto
name: Frabboni, Stefano
name: Tiemeijer, Peter
name: Dunin-Borkowski, Rafal E.
name: Karimi, Ebrahim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent progress in phase modulation using nanofabricated electron holograms has demonstrated how the phase of an electron beam can be controlled. In this paper, we apply this concept to the correction of spherical aberration in a scanning transmission electron microscope and demonstrate an improvement in spatial resolution. Such a holographic approach to spherical aberration correction is advantageous for its simplicity and cost-effectiveness.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
Quantum Entanglement in Neural Network States
Creators: name: Deng, Dong-Ling
name: Li, Xiaopeng
name: Sarma, S. Das
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Machine learning, one of today's most rapidly growing interdisciplinary fields, promises an unprecedented perspective for solving intricate quantum many-body problems. Understanding the physical aspects of the representative artificial neural-network states is recently becoming highly desirable in the applications of machine learning techniques to quantum many-body physics. Here, we study the quantum entanglement properties of neural-network states, with a focus on the restricted-Boltzmann-machine (RBM) architecture. We prove that the entanglement of all short-range RBM states satisfies an area law for arbitrary dimensions and bipartition geometry. For long-range RBM states we show by using an exact construction that such states could exhibit volume-law entanglement, implying a notable capability of RBM in representing efficiently quantum states with massive entanglement. We further examine generic RBM states with random weight parameters. We find that their averaged entanglement entropy obeys volume-law scaling and meantime strongly deviates from the Page-entropy of the completely random pure states. We show that their entanglement spectrum has no universal part associated with random matrix theory and bears a Poisson-type level statistics. Using reinforcement learning, we demonstrate that RBM is capable of finding the ground state (with power-law entanglement) of a model Hamiltonian with long-range interaction. In addition, we show, through a concrete example of the one-dimensional symmetry-protected topological cluster states, that the RBM representation may also be used as a tool to analytically compute the entanglement spectrum. Our results uncover the unparalleled power of artificial neural networks in representing quantum many-body states, which paves a novel way to bridge computer science based machine learning techniques to outstanding quantum condensed matter physics problems.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures. Version published in Phys. Rev. X
Formation of matter-wave soliton trains by modulational instability
Creators: name: Nguyen, Jason H. V.
name: Luo, De
name: Hulet, Randall G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonlinear systems can exhibit a rich set of dynamics that are inherently sensitive to their initial conditions. One such example is modulational instability, which is believed to be one of the most prevalent instabilities in nature. By exploiting a shallow zero-crossing of a Feshbach resonance, we characterize modulational instability and its role in the formation of matter-wave soliton trains from a Bose-Einstein condensate. We examine the universal scaling laws exhibited by the system, and through real-time imaging, address a long-standing question of whether the solitons in trains are created with effectively repulsive nearest neighbor interactions, or rather, evolve into such a structure.
PaleoWest buys Commonwealth Heritage Group: a transformation for Cultural Resource Management and commercial archaeology in the United States?
Creators: name: Aitchison, Kenneth
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Cultural heritage management (incl. world heritage)

description: PaleoWest, one of the largest Cultural Resource Management (CRM) companies in the United States has bought one of their major competitors, Commonwealth Heritage Group. This means that PaleoWest is probably now the largest commercial firm working in archaeology in North America. This has in turn been driven by PaleoWest themselves having been recently acquired by Riverside Company, a global private investment group (venture capitalists). This is a significant transformation for the sector, a tipping point where major outside investors consider that the best of CRM companies can be seen as having the potential to grow and be profitable.
Digitaliserede byggesager
Digitalisterede miljøsa
Creators: Frederiksværk Kommune
Hundested Kommune
Frederiksværk Kommune
Ølsted Kommune
Kregme-Vinderød Kommune
Melby Kommune
Hundested Kommune
Torup Kommune
Publisher: name: Rigsarkivet
Year: 2023

description: Systemet håndterer kommunens retrospektivt digitaliserede byggesager og miljøsager (olietanksager og spildevandssager), både internt i kommunen og til ekstern præsentation for borgere.
Natural Disaster Prevention Literacy Education among Intermediate-Level Students
Creators: name: Poliquit, Ellenie Jean
name: Pinlac, Jackelyn
name: Ligaray, Hazel
name: Bacatan, Jovenil
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This study aimed to determine the significant difference in the level of natural disaster preventionliteracy education among intermediate-level students when analyzed according to age and grade level. The studyemployed the non-experimental quantitative research design utilizing descriptive-comparative method, andconvenience sampling with Mean, t-test, and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) as statistical tools. Researchersused adapted and validated survey questionnaires in gathering the data from the 186 target respondents. Thefindings revealed that intermediate-level students have high level of natural disaster prevention literacyeducation, indicating that school’s educational programs targeting this age group are effective in impartingcritical knowledge and skills related to disaster preparedness. Furthermore, the results showed no significantdifference in students’ natural disaster preventative literacy education based on grade level and age. This meansthat regardless of a student’s demographics, educational endeavors in this field are may have been inclusive andaccessible to many students. This study highlights the necessity of teaching natural disaster prevention in schoolsacross grades and focusing on providing the students with the knowledge and perception needed to improve theirnatural disaster prevention skills. Future researchers are recommended to consider other variables such as socioeconomic status, geographic location, cultural attitudes, parental involvement, community engagement,technology access and learning methods. This may provide additional information on the variables affectingintermediate-level students’ involvement in disaster preparedness initiatives.
Topological photonics: from crystals to particles
Creators: name: Siroki, Gleb
name: Huidobro, Paloma Arroyo
name: Giannini, Vincenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photonic crystal topological insulators host protected states at their edges. In the band structure these edge states appear as continuous bands crossing the photonic band gap. They allow light to propagate unidirectionally and without scattering. In practice it is essential to make devices relying on these effects as miniature as possible. Here we study all-dielectric photonic topological insulator particles (finite crystals) which do not require a magnetic field. In such particles the edge states' frequencies are discrete. Nevertheless, the discrete states support pseudospin-dependent unidirectional propagation. They allow light to bend around sharp corners similarly to the continuous edge states and act as topologically protected whispering gallery modes which can store and filter light as well as manipulate its angular momentum. In addition, they explain multiple experimental observations of discrete transmission peaks in photonic topological insulators.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures. Added references, corrected typos, replaced Fig. 5d
BRIDGING COLOR TO SPECTRUM FOR BIOPHOTONICS
Creators: name: Ji, Yuhyun
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 400304
subject: Biomedical imaging

description: Advancements in machine learning are narrowing the gap in visual capabilities between machines and healthcare professionals, resulting in a transformation of the way we understand and address health challenges. Despite these advances, underlying limitations persist in addressing real-world problems, particularly in the precise capture of biological and physiological information. This is primarily because traditional trichromatic cameras fall short of representing reflectance spectra due to their limited spectral information. To overcome these limitations, hyperspectral imaging has emerged as a powerful tool for biomedical applications. By collecting a wealth of information at different wavelengths, hyperspectral imaging provides a comprehensive view of electromagnetic spectra, allowing non-invasive clinical analysis for accurate diagnostics. Snapshot hyperspectral imaging, in particular, is a competitive alternative to traditional cameras as it can capture a hyperspectral image in a single shot without the need for scanning individual wavelengths. Here, we introduce a computational snapshot hyperspectral imaging method, achieved through the integration of a machine learning approach with a streamlined optical system. We design an explainable machine learning algorithm by incorporating optical and biological knowledge into the algorithm. Therefore, the algorithm can reconstruct hyperspectral images with high spectralspatial resolution comparable to those of scientific spectrometers, despite the use of sparse information captured from the optical system. To demonstrate its versatility in biomedical applications, we extract hemodynamic parameters of peripheral microcirculation from embryonic model systems, tissue phantom samples, and human conjunctivas. Furthermore, we validate high accuracy of the results using conventional hyperspectral imaging and functional near-infrared spectroscopy. This learning-powered imaging method, characterized by high resolution and simplified hardware requirements, has the potential to offer solutions for various biomedical challenges by surpassing the constraints of conventional cameras and hyperspectral imaging.
On a reinterpretation of the Higgs field in supersymmetry and a proposal for new quarks
Creators: name: Lopez-Fogliani, Daniel E.
name: Munoz, Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the framework of supersymmetry, when $R$-parity is violated the Higgs doublet superfield $H_d$ can be interpreted as another doublet of leptons, since all of them have the same quantum numbers. Thus Higgs scalars are sleptons and Higgsinos are leptons. We argue that this interpretation can be extended to the second Higgs doublet superfield $H_u$, when right-handed neutrinos are assumed to exist. As a consequence, we advocate that this is the minimal construction where the two Higgs doublets can be interpreted in a natural way as a fourth family of lepton superfields, and that this is more satisfactory than the usual situation in supersymmetry where the Higgses are `disconnected' from the rest of the matter and do not have a three-fold replication. On the other hand, in analogy with the first three families where for each lepton representation there is a quark counterpart, we propose a possible extension of this minimal model including a vector-like quark doublet representation as part of the fourth family. We also discuss the phenomenology of the associated new quarks.
description: Discussions expanded, references added, misprints corrected, version published in Phys. Lett. B. 17 pages
Above threshold scattering about a Feshbach resonance for ultracold atoms in an optical collider
Creators: name: Horvath, Milena S. J.
name: Thomas, Ryan
name: Tiesinga, Eite
name: Deb, Amita B.
name: Kjærgaard, Niels
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultracold atomic gases have realised numerous paradigms of condensed matter physics where control over interactions has crucially been afforded by tunable Feshbach resonances. So far, the characterisation of these Feshbach resonances has almost exclusively relied on experiments in the threshold regime near zero energy. Here we use a laser-based collider to probe a narrow magnetic Feshbach resonance of rubidium above threshold. By measuring the overall atomic loss from colliding clouds as a function of magnetic field, we track the energy-dependent resonance position. At higher energy, our collider scheme broadens the loss feature, making the identification of the narrow resonance challenging. However, we observe that the collisions give rise to shifts in the centre-of-mass positions of outgoing clouds. The shifts cross zero at the resonance and this allows us to accurately determine its location well above threshold. Our inferred resonance positions are in excellent agreement with theory.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Sharp Threshold of Blow-up and Scattering for the fractional Hartree equation
Creators: name: Guo, Qing
name: Zhu, Shihui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the fractional Hartree equation in the $L^2$-supercritical case, and we find a sharp threshold of the scattering versus blow-up dichotomy for radial data: If $ M[u_{0}]^{\frac{s-s_c}{s_c}}E[u_{0}M[Q]^{\frac{s-s_c}{s_c}}\| Q\|^2_{\dot H^s}$, the solution $u(t)$ blows up in finite time. This condition is sharp in the sense that the solitary wave solution $e^{it}Q(x)$ is global but not scattering, which satisfies the equality in the above conditions. Here, $Q$ is the ground-state solution for the fractional Hartree equation.
description: Proposition 2.6 has been update
Complete densely embedded complex lines in $\mathbb{C}^2$
Creators: name: Alarcon, Antonio
name: Forstneric, Franc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we construct a complete injective holomorphic immersion $\mathbb{C}\to\mathbb{C}^2$ whose image is dense in $\mathbb{C}^2$. The analogous result is obtained for any closed complex submanifold $X\subset \mathbb{C}^n$ for $n>1$ in place of $\mathbb{C}\subset\mathbb{C}^2$. We also show that, if $X$ intersects the unit ball $\mathbb{B}^n$ of $\mathbb{C}^n$ and $K$ is a connected compact subset of $X\cap\mathbb{B}^n$, then there is a Runge domain $Ω\subset X$ containing $K$ which admits a complete holomorphic embedding $Ω\to\mathbb{B}^n$ whose image is dense in $\mathbb{B}^n$.
description: To appear in Proc. Amer. Math. Soc
Generalized Sheet Transition Condition FDTD Simulation of Metasurface
Creators: name: Vahabzadeh, Yousef
name: Chamanara, Nima
name: Caloz, Christophe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an FDTD scheme based on Generalized Sheet Transition Conditions (GSTCs) for the simulation of polychromatic, nonlinear and space-time varying metasurfaces. This scheme consists in placing the metasurface at virtual nodal plane introduced between regular nodes of the staggered Yee grid and inserting fields determined by GSTCs in this plane in the standard FDTD algorithm. The resulting update equations are an elegant generalization of the standard FDTD equations. Indeed, in the limiting case of a null surface susceptibility ($χ_\text{surf}=0$), they reduce to the latter, while in the next limiting case of a time-invariant metasurface $[χ_\text{surf}\neqχ_\text{surf}(t)]$, they split in two terms, one corresponding to the standard equations for a one-cell ($Δx$) thick slab with volume susceptibility ($χ$), corresponding to a diluted approximation ($χ=χ_\text{surf}/(2Δx)$) of the zero-thickness target metasurface, and the other transforming this slab in a real (zero-thickness) metasurface. The proposed scheme is fully numerical and very easy to implement. Although it is explicitly derived for a monoisotropic metasurface, it may be straightforwardly extended to the bianisotropic case. Except for some particular case, it is not applicable to dispersive metasurfaces, for which an efficient Auxiliary Different Equation (ADE) extension of the scheme is currently being developed by the authors. The scheme is validated and illustrated by five representative examples.
$B^0\to K^{\ast 0}μ^+μ^-$ Decay in the Aligned Two-Higgs-Doublet Model
Creators: name: Hu, Quan-Yi
name: Li, Xin-Qiang
name: Yang, Ya-Dong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the aligned two-Higgs-doublet model, we perform a complete one-loop computation of the short-distance Wilson coefficients $C_{7,9,10}^{(\prime)}$, which are the most relevant ones for $b\to s\ell^+\ell^-$ transitions. It is found that, when the model parameter $\left|ς_u\right|$ is much smaller than $\left|ς_d\right|$, the charged-scalar contributes mainly to chirality-flipped $C_{9,10}^\prime$, with the corresponding effects being proportional to $\left|ς_d\right|^2$. Numerically, the charged-scalar effects fit into two categories: (A) $C_{7,9,10}^\mathrm{H^\pm}$ are sizable, but $C_{9,10}^{\prime\mathrm{H^\pm}}\simeq0$, corresponding to the (large $\left|ς_u\right|$, small $\left|ς_d\right|$) region; (B) $C_7^\mathrm{H^\pm}$ and $C_{9,10}^{\prime\mathrm{H^\pm}}$ are sizable, but $C_{9,10}^\mathrm{H^\pm}\simeq0$, corresponding to the (small $\left|ς_u\right|$, large $\left|ς_d\right|$) region. Taking into account phenomenological constraints from the inclusive radiative decay $B\to X_sγ$, as well as the latest model-independent global analysis of $b\to s\ell^+\ell^-$ data, we obtain the much restricted parameter space of the model. We then study the impact of the allowed model parameters on the angular observables $P_2$ and $P_5'$ of $B^0\to K^{\ast 0}μ^+μ^-$ decay, and find that $P_5'$ could be increased significantly to be consistent with the experimental data in case B.
description: 34 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables; More references and discussions added, final version published in the journal
Caustic free completion of pressureless perfect fluid and k-essence
Creators: name: Babichev, Eugeny
name: Ramazanov, Sabir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Both k-essence and the pressureless perfect fluid develop caustic singularities at finite time. We further explore the connection between the two and show that they belong to the same class of models, which admits the caustic free completion by means of the canonical complex scalar field. Specifically, the free massive/self-interacting complex scalar reproduces dynamics of pressureless perfect fluid/shift-symmetric k-essence under certain initial conditions in the limit of large mass/sharp self-interacting potential. We elucidate a mechanism of resolving caustic singularities in the complete picture. The collapse time is promoted to complex number. Hence, the singularity is not developed in real time. The same conclusion holds for a collection of collisionless particles modelled by means of the Schroedinger equation, or ultra-light axions (generically, coherent oscillations of bosons in the Bose--Einstein condensate state).
description: 20 pages, 2 figures; clarifications and references added. Matches published version
Analysis of claims that the brain extracellular impedance is high and non-resistive
Creators: name: Barbour, Boris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Numerous measurements in the brain of the impedance between two extracellular electrodes have shown that it is approximately resistive in the range of biological interest, $<10\,$kHz, and has a value close to that expected from the conductivity of physiological saline and the extracellular volume fraction in brain tissue. Recent work from the group of Claude Bédard and Alain Destexhe has claimed that the impedance of the extracellular space is some three orders of magnitude greater than these values and also displays a $1/\sqrt{f}$ frequency dependence (above a low-frequency corner frequency). Their measurements were performed between an intracellular electrode and an extracellular electrode. It is argued that they incorrectly extracted the extracellular impedance because of an inaccurate representation of the large, confounding impedance of the neuronal membrane. In conclusion, no compelling evidence has been provided to undermine the well established and physically plausible consensus that the brain extracellular impedance is low and approximately resistive
description: 6 pages