cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 4: of Genome wide identification and predicted functional analyses of NAC transcription factors in Asian pears
Creators: name: Mudassar Ahmad
name: Xinhui Yan
name: Jianzhao Li
name: Qinsong Yang
name: Wajeeha Jamil
name: Yuanwen Teng
name: Songling Bai
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Heat map presentation of all PpNAC TFs according to group distributions during bud endodormancy in P. pyrifolia Chinese â Suliâ (DOCX 144 kb)
Integral representations for the eigenfunctions of quantum open and periodic Toda chains from QISM formalism
Creators: name: Kharchev, S.
name: Lebedev, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The integral representations for the eigenfunctions of $N$ particle quantum open and periodic Toda chains are constructed in the framework of Quantum Inverse Scattering Method (QISM). Both periodic and open $N$-particle solutions have essentially the same structure being written as a generalized Fourier transform over the eigenfunctions of the $N-1$ particle open Toda chain with the kernels satisfying to the Baxter equations of the second and first order respectively. In the latter case this leads to recurrent relations which result to representation of the Mellin-Barnes type for solutions of an open chain. As byproduct, we obtain the Gindikin-Karpelevich formula for the Harish-Chandra function in the case of $GL(N,\RR)$ group.
description: Latex+amssymb.sty, 14 pages
The dynamics of coexistence in annual plants
Creators: name: Asefa, Gebreselassie
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2011

description: This thesis is about coexistence mechanisms in a guild of seven species of annual plants that inhabit dry, open, compacted ground in Silwood Park, Berkshire. Annual plants were chosen for the study because of the importance of obtaining whole-generation estimates of the vital rates, and because short-lived plants help/hold out the prospect of being able to assess the importance of year-to-year variation in the rates of recruitment, growth, survival and fecundity. The field work was carried out at Pound Hill for the seed bank experiment, at Walled Garden for the seed dispersal experiment and at Ashurst for the main experiment in Silwood Park, Berkshire. The location was chosen because the area was already fenced and beds were laid out for a previous pilot study experiment in 1996. The intention was to have a range of contrasting ecologies within our guild of annual plants. All species were capable of germination in autumn followed by over-winter survival as rosettes, and then rapid growth and early seed set in spring. Some species were immediately precluded from consideration as a result of their thuggish behaviour in the pilot studies. The final choice consisted of a grass (Aira praecox), a legume (Ornithopus perpusillus), three contrasting herbs (Myosotis discolor (Boraginaceae), Cerastium glomeratum (Caryophyllaceae) and Veronica arvensis (Scrophulariaceae)), and two tiny crucifers (Erophila verna and Arabidopsis thaliana). All were locally frequent on gravel paths and other compacted open habitats within Silwood Park. The thesis describes 7 separate replicated experiments, each carried out over 5 years: monocultures of each of the seven species; saturation sowing; two-species mixtures (21 of them) and multispecies mixtures. I show clear pattern of year effects in both inter and intra-specific density dependence. The time series experiments are backed up by quantification of seed dispersal and seed bank dynamics.
Video Relationship Detection Using Mixture of Experts
Creators: name: Shaabana, Ala
name: Gharaee, Zahra
name: Fieguth, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Machine comprehension of visual information from images and videos by neural networks faces two primary challenges. Firstly, there exists a computational and inference gap in connecting vision and language, making it difficult to accurately determine which object a given agent acts on and represent it through language. Secondly, classifiers trained by a single, monolithic neural network often lack stability and generalization. To overcome these challenges, we introduce MoE-VRD, a novel approach to visual relationship detection utilizing a mixture of experts. MoE-VRD identifies language triplets in the form of < subject, predicate, object> tuples to extract relationships from visual processing. Leveraging recent advancements in visual relationship detection, MoE-VRD addresses the requirement for action recognition in establishing relationships between subjects (acting) and objects (being acted upon). In contrast to single monolithic networks, MoE-VRD employs multiple small models as experts, whose outputs are aggregated. Each expert in MoE-VRD specializes in visual relationship learning and object tagging. By utilizing a sparsely-gated mixture of experts, MoE-VRD enables conditional computation and significantly enhances neural network capacity without increasing computational complexity. Our experimental results demonstrate that the conditional computation capabilities and scalability of the mixture-of-experts approach lead to superior performance in visual relationship detection compared to state-of-the-art methods.
Transport Phenomena Modelled on Pore-Space Images
Creators: name: Mostaghimi, Peyman
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2011

description: Fluid flow and dispersion of solute particles are modelled directly on three-dimensional pore-space images of rock samples. To simulate flow, the finite-difference method combined with a standard predictor-corrector procedure to decouple pressure and velocity is applied. We study the permeability and the size of representative elementary volume (REV) of a range of consolidated and unconsolidated porous media. We demonstrate that the flow-based REV is larger than for geometry-based properties such as porosity and specific surface area, since it needs to account for the tortuosity and connectedness of the flow paths. For solute transport we apply a novel streamline-based algorithm that is similar to the Pollock algorithm common in field-scale reservoir simulation, but which employs a semi-analytic formulation near solid boundaries to capture, with sub-grid resolution, the variation in velocity near the grains. A random walk method is used to account for mixing by molecular diffusion. The algorithm is validated by comparison with published results for Taylor-Aris dispersion in a single capillary with a square cross-section. We then accurately predict experimental data available in the literature for longitudinal dispersion coefficient as a function of Peclet number. We study a number of sandpack, sandstone and carbonate samples for which we have good quality three-dimensional images. There is a power-law dependence of dispersion coefficient as a function of Peclet number, with an exponent that is a function of pore-space heterogeneity: the carbonates we study have a distinctly different behaviour than sandstones and sandpacks. This is related to the differences in transit time probabilities of solute particles travelling between two neighbouring voxels. We then study the non-Fickian behaviour of solute transport in porous media by modelling the NMR propagators and the time-dependent dispersion coefficients of different rock types. The behaviour is explained using Continuous Time Random Walk (CTRW) theory: transport is qualitatively different for the complex porous media such as carbonates compared to the sandstone or sandpack, with long tailing and an almost immobile peak concentration. We discuss extensions of the work to reactive transport and the simulation of transport in finely-resolved images with billions of voxels.
title: Starch Granules in Arabidopsis thaliana Mesophyll and Guard Cells Show Similar Morphology but Differences in Size and Number
Creators: name: Liu, Qingting
name: Li, Xiaoping
name: Fettke, Joerg
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften
subject: 570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Transitory starch granules result from complex carbon turnover and display specific situations during starch synthesis and degradation. The fundamental mechanisms that specify starch granule characteristics, such as granule size, morphology, and the number per chloroplast, are largely unknown. However, transitory starch is found in the various cells of the leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana, but comparative analyses are lacking. Here, we adopted a fast method of laser confocal scanning microscopy to analyze the starch granules in a series of Arabidopsis mutants with altered starch metabolism. This allowed us to separately analyze the starch particles in the mesophyll and in guard cells. In all mutants, the guard cells were always found to contain more but smaller plastidial starch granules than mesophyll cells. The morphological properties of the starch granules, however, were indiscernible or identical in both types of leaf cells.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe; 1143
The Velocity Field Predicted by the Optical Redshift Survey
Creators: name: Baker, Jonathan E.
name: Davis, Marc
name: Strauss, Michael A.
name: Lahav, Ofer
name: Santiago, Basilio X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have used the Optical Redshift Survey (ORS; Santiago et al. 1995) to construct the gravity field due to fluctuations in the galaxy density field out to distances of 8000 km/s. At large scales where linear theory applies, the comparison of this gravity field with the observed peculiar velocity field offers a powerful cosmological probe, because the predicted flow field is proportional to the parameter Omega^{0.6}/b, where Omega is the matter density and b is the bias of the galaxy distribution. The more densely sampled ORS gravity field, to excellent approximation, matches that of the earlier IRAS 1.2-Jy redshift survey (Fisher et al. 1995), provided beta is reduced by a factor b(opt)/b(IRAS)=1.4. Apart from this scaling, the most significant difference between the ORS and IRAS fields is induced by differing estimates of the over-density of the Virgo cluster. Neither of these gravity fields is consistent with the peculiar velocity field constructed from the full Mark III (Willick et al. 1997) sample. We find that a simple but plausible non-linear bias algorithm for the galaxy distribution relative to the mass has a negligible effect on the derived fields. We conclude that the substitution of optical for IRAS catalogues cannot alone resolve the discrepancies between the IRAS gravity field and the Mark III peculiar velocity field.
description: fixed minor bug in Figures; 17 pages (includes figures); uses emulateapj.sty (included); PostScript version also available from http://astro.berkeley.edu/~jbaker/ors/ors.ps.gz
Evolutionary Innovations: Collections as Data in the AI era
Creators: name: Ridge, Mia
Publisher: name: Making Meaning 2024
Year: 2024
Subjects: Collections as Data
AI
machine learning
GLAM
cultural heritage
open cultural data

description: Invited keynote for the Making Meaning 2024: Collections as data conference at the State Library of Queensland on 8 March 2024.

Evolutionary Innovations: Collections as Data in the AI era

‘Collections as data’ describes the movement to publish open data from museum, library and archive collections that began in the noughties. The benefits of machine learning for better discoverability and research with digitised/born digital collections are alluring. And the popularity of generative AI - and an increased awareness of the biases it reinscribes - has focused attention on responsible computational access to collections - but what does this mean in practical terms? Mia will share examples from the British Library and the Living with Machines data science project.
Critical heat flux and associated phenomena in forced convective boiling in nuclear systems
Creators: name: Ahmad, Masroor
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2011

description: In evaporation of a liquid flowing in a tube or nuclear fuel element, there exists a transition (known as "dryout", "burnout", "boiling crisis" or "critical heat flux", CHF) from a high heat transfer coefficient regime to one of greatly reduced heat transfer coefficient. The conditions leading to dryout or CHF and the behaviour of wall temperatures in the ("post dryout or post CHF") region beyond it are of immense importance in nuclear reactor safety. In a nuclear reactor, the clad temperature excursion in the post-dryout region may be unacceptably high and the prediction of the location of dryout and the magnitude of the temperature excursion into the post-dryout region is of great importance. Moreover, the dryout transition and its effects are important not only in nuclear plant but also in many other types of heat transfer equipment. The main focus of work described in this thesis was the improvement and validation of phenomenological models for the prediction of CHF and of heat transfer beyond CHF ("post CHF" or "post dryout" heat transfer). The main focus has been on the process of annular film dryout. In phenomenological modelling of this process the dryout location prediction is sensitive to the boundary value of entrained fraction at churn annular transition, especially at high flow rates. The model was extended to churn flow so that integration of entrainment, deposition and evaporation processes could be started from onset of churn flow. A new correlation for the prediction of entrainment rate in churn flow was presented. The application of the new methodology to experimental data leads to improved predictions of CHF. Another long-standing problem, i.e. effect of heat flux on droplet entrainment, is addressed by analysing the contradictory results of previous experiments by using the annular film dryout model. The capability of phenomenological models to cover the whole range of CHF scenarios, i.e. from subcooled or very low quality to very high quality CHF, was demonstrated by using a possible transition criterion from bubble crowding model (an improved version of the Weisman Pie model) to annular film dryout model. These improved phenomenological models captured trends of CHF data very well (including the Look Up Table data of Groeneveld et al. 2007) and produced improved results over a wide range of system parameters such as pressure, mass flux and critical quality. The implementation of the phenomenological models was pursued by modifying and developing an Imperial College computer code GRAMP. In addition to its application in modelling CHF, the GRAMP code was extended to the post dryout region and predictions for this region compared to a range of data and the results were found to be satisfactory.
High power modelocking using a nonlinear mirror
Creators: name: Thomas, Gabrielle Marie
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2011

description: This thesis presents work on the high average power operation of pulsed diode-pumped solid-state lasers by using a laser configuration known as the bounce geometry. The bounce geometry has previously produced efficient, high power and high spatial quality laser outputs in continuous-wave, Q-switched and modelocked regimes. This thesis explores the capabilities of the bounce geometry for power scaling, shown using Nd:YVO4 and Nd:GdVO4 in both a passively Q-switched laser system and a variety of nonlinear mirror modelocked systems. The high gain experienced by Nd-doped gain media pumped at 808 nm has traditionally posed difficulties in producing stable passive Q-switching with Cr4+:YAG. By using a novel stigmatic design of the bounce geometry that experiences lower gain, but highly circular output, passive Q-switching with > 11 W of average power is produced, at a pulse repetition rate of 190 kHz. This is the highest output power ever achieved from a passively Q-switched Nd-doped vanadate laser to date. Nonlinear mirror modelocking is a passive modelocking technique that employs a χ(2) nonlinear medium in combination with a dichroic output coupler. The first nonlinear mirror modelocking of a bounce geometry laser is presented, obtaining 11.3 W of average power and 57 ps pulse duration using a type-II phase-matched KTP nonlinear crystal. Using type-I phase-matched BiBO, shorter pulses of 5.7 ps in duration are obtained at an average power of 6.1 W. The nonlinear mirror modelocking technique is then applied to the stigmatic bounce geometry laser, obtaining a highly stable train of modelocked pulses with pulse duration 14 ps and an average power of 12 W, with high spatial quality output. Mixed vanadate lasers offer customisation of the laser fluorescence spectrum, but tend to experience lower gain than single vanadates. Using the mixed vanadate combination Nd:Gd0.6Y0.4YVO4 in the bounce geometry, 27.5 W of average power in continuous-wave operation is shown. This is the highest power of any mixed vanadate laser ever reported. By then applying the nonlinear mirror modelocking technique to the mixed vanadate system, 16.8 W of average modelocked output power and a pulse duration of 12.7 ps is obtained. This is simultaneously the first time that the nonlinear mirror technique has been applied to mixed vanadate gain media and the highest power of any modelocked mixed vanadate laser to date. Finally, power scaling of a nonlinear mirror modelocked Nd:GdVO4 laser in the bounce geometry is achieved through use of the double bounce geometry design and through use of a high power pump diode. The system employing the high power pumping produced > 30 W of average power — world record power using the nonlinear mirror technique.
The Number of States of Two Dimensional Critical String Theory
Creators: name: Banks, T.
name: Susskind, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss string theory vacua which have the wrong number of spacetime dimensions, and give a crude argument that vacua with more than four large dimensions are improbable. We then turn to two dimensional vacua, which naively appear to violate Bekenstein's entropy principle. A classical analysis shows that the naive perturbative counting of states is unjustified. All excited states of the system have strong coupling singularities which prevent us from concluding that they really exist. A speculative interpretation of the classical solutions suggests only a finite number of states will be found in regions bounded by a finite area. We also argue that the vacuum degeneracy of two dimensional classical string theory is removed in quantum mechanics. The system appears to be in a Kosterlitz-Thouless phase. This leads to the conclusion that it is also improbable to have only two large spacetime dimensions in string theory. However, we note that, unlike our argument for high dimensions, our conclusions about the ground state have neglected two dimensional quantum gravitational effects, and are at best incomplete.
description: 12 pages, harvmac
Mechanisms of Interleukin-13 Inhibition of Allergic Inflammation
Creators: name: Tomlinson, Kate Louise
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2011

description: Interleukin-13 (IL-13) is a Th2 cytokine proposed to mediate aspects of asthma pathogenesis such as airway inflammation, hyperreactivity (AHR), remodelling and mucus hypersecretion. These features of asthma have been reproduced in mice chronically exposed to house dust mite extract (HDM) in which IL-13 was demonstrated to be up-regulated. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the role of IL-13 in HDM induced allergic airways disease (AAD). This was accomplished using high affinity neutralising anti-mouse IL-13 monoclonal antibodies (mAb). Prophylactic anti-IL-13 mAb administration during HDM exposure inhibited airway eosinophilia, AHR, goblet cell up-regulation and airway remodelling. Furthermore, therapeutic neutralisation of IL-13 after the induction of AAD reduced airway inflammation, AHR, goblet cell frequency and remodelling; thus implicating IL-13 in both the initiation and maintenance of AAD. To investigate the mechanisms of IL-13 inhibition in AAD the expression and distribution of IL-13 receptors, IL-13Rα1 and IL-13Rα2, were investigated in lungs from sham and HDM exposed mice. IL-13Rα2 but not IL-13Rα1 mRNA was up-regulated following induction of AAD. Immunofluorescence staining for IL-13Rα2 protein revealed expression in the airway epithelium of sham mice and abundance throughout the lung tissue in mice with AAD. The key signalling receptor IL-13Rα1 was detected in alveolar macrophages (AM) in both sham and HDM exposed mice, however surface expression of IL-13Rα1 was lost during AAD. The function of IL-13Rα1+ AM in vivo was explored by depletion of AM using clodronate liposomes. The absence of AM during IL-13 or HDM induced inflammation resulted in exacerbated airway pathophysiology suggesting AM may regulate allergic airways inflammation. In summary, HDM induced pathophysiology in mice is largely dependent on IL-13. Based on receptor expression, AM were identified as IL-13 responsive cells, however AM depletion exacerbated AAD indicating AM, or a subset of, are not driving IL-13 pathology and may in fact be protective.
Effects of Scapular Notching and Bone Remodelling on Long-Term Fixation of the Glenoid Component in Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty
Creators: name: Zhang, Min
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2011

description: Reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) has been a proposed surgical treatment for severe rotator cuff deficiency associated with arthritis. Favourable clinical results for this type of prosthesis have been reported from short- and mid-term follow-up studies. However, the high revision rate (5% - 33%) at long-term follow up (i.e. greater than 6 years) is a concern. One of the principal factors leading to RSA failure is glenoid component loosening with an incidence of 5% - 38%. Therefore, one objective of this project is to investigate factors leading to long-term glenoid loosening. As various glenosphere positions have been proposed to minimize scapular notching, the other objective is to predict fixation strengths associated with these new surgical techniques. Scapular notching is one of the most frequently reported complications for Delta RSA, due to the high postoperative incidence of 50% to 96%. In this thesis, the study of scapular notching showed negative effects on the inferior screw safety and safety of the bone close to the screw. The study of initial stability showed that scapular notching may not destroy the good environment for bony ingrowth. Strain-induced bone remodelling has been an important factor for the bone loss after hip and knee joint prosthesis implantations. Effects of this factor on the bone loss after Delta RSA implantations were investigated. The results showed that bone resorption was considerable in the region close to the back of metagelene and the middle stem with a mean reduction of postoperative bone apparent density of approximately 63% at 8-year follow up. Thereby, postoperative bone loss could be caused by three factors: strain-induced bone resorption, scapular notching and osteolysis induced by the polyethylene wear particles. In this study, prosthesis fixations in the case of inferior positioning and downward tilting of the glenosphere were assessed using two parameters: strain-induced bone resorption and initial stability. It was found that inferior positioning may lead to early bone resorption due to the inferior shift of postoperative glenohumeral force. The downward tilting may cause significant increase of bone-prosthesis micromotions and may result in poor initial stabilities of glenoid prosthesis.
Mass Extinctions and The Sun's Encounters with Spiral Arms
Creators: name: Leitch, Erik M.
name: Vasisht, Gautam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The terrestrial fossil record shows that the exponential rise in biodiversity since the Precambrian period has been punctuated by large extinctions, at intervals of 40 to 140 Myr. These mass extinctions represent extremes over a background of smaller events and the natural process of species extinction. We point out that the non-terrestrial phenomena proposed to explain these events, such as boloidal impacts (a candidate for the end-Cretaceous extinction), and nearby supernovae, are collectively far more effective during the solar system's traversal of spiral arms. Using the best available data on the location and kinematics of the Galactic spiral structure (including distance scale and kinematic uncertainties), we present evidence that arm crossings provide a viable explanation for the timing of the large extinctions.
description: Latex, aaspp4.sty, 8 pages, 2 Postscript figures, to appear in New Astronomy 3 (1998) 51-56
The COS-AGN survey: Revealing the nature of circum-galactic gas around hosts of active galactic nuclei
Creators: name: Berg, Trystyn A. M.
name: Ellison, Sara L.
name: Tumlinson, Jason
name: Oppenheimer, Benjamin D.
name: Horton, Ryan
name: Bordoloi, Rongmon
name: Schaye, Joop
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Active galactic nuclei (AGN) are thought to play a critical role in shaping galaxies, but their effect on the circumgalactic medium (CGM) is not well studied. We present results from the COS-AGN survey: 19 quasar sightlines that probe the CGM of 20 optically-selected AGN host galaxies with impact parameters $80 < ρ_{imp} < 300$ kpc. Absorption lines from a variety of species are measured and compared to a stellar mass and impact parameter matched sample of sightlines through non-AGN galaxies. Amongst the observed species in the COS-AGN sample (HI, CII, SiII, SiIII, CIV, SiIV, NV), only Ly$α$ shows a high covering fraction ($94^{+6}_{-23}$% for rest-frame equivalent widths EW $> 124$ mÅ) whilst many of the metal ions are not detected in individual sightlines. A sightline-by-sightline comparison between COS-AGN and the control sample yields no significant difference in EW distribution. However, stacked spectra of the COS-AGN and control samples show significant (> 3 sigma) enhancements in the EW of both Ly$α$ and SiIII at impact parameters $> 164$ kpc by a factor of $+0.45\pm0.05$ dex and $> +0.75$ dex respectively. The lack of detections of both high-ionization species near the AGN and strong kinematic offsets between the absorption systemic galaxy redshifts indicates that neither the AGN's ionization nor its outflows are the origin of these differences. Instead, we suggest the observed differences could result from either AGN hosts residing in haloes with intrinsically distinct gas properties, or that their CGM has been affected by a previous event, such as a starburst, which may also have fuelled the nuclear activity.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Libellula fasciata Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Odonata
Libellulidae
Libellula
Libellula fasciata

description: Libellula fasciata [spec. nov.]
L. alis planis fuscis: fascia alba lineari.
Edw. aw. 174. t. 174.
Habitat in India. De Geer.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 545, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
title: State Dependence and Unobserved Heterogeneity in the Extensive Margin of Trade
Creators: name: Hinz, Julian
name: Stammann, Amrei
name: Wanner, Joschka
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 330 Wirtschaft

description: We study the role and drivers of persistence in the extensive margin of bilateral trade. Motivated by a stylized heterogeneous firms model of international trade with market entry costs, we consider dynamic three-way fixed effects binary choice models and study the corresponding incidental parameter problem. The standard maximum likelihood estimator is consistent under asymptotics where all panel dimensions grow at a constant rate, but it has an asymptotic bias in its limiting distribution, invalidating inference even in situations where the bias appears to be small. Thus, we propose two different bias-corrected estimators. Monte Carlo simulations confirm their desirable statistical properties. We apply these estimators in a reassessment of the most commonly studied determinants of the extensive margin of trade. Both true state dependence and unobserved heterogeneity contribute considerably to trade persistence and taking this persistence into account matters significantly in identifying the effects of trade policies on the extensive margin.
description: CEPA Discussion Papers; 36
Identification of Host Cell Factors Involved in the HCV Replication Cycle
Creators: name: Blackham, Samantha
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2011

description: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease. Identification of key host cellular factors involved in the HCV replication cycle is important for understanding disease pathogenesis and identifying novel antiviral therapeutic targets. The objective of this study was to identify novel host factors with important roles in the HCV replication cycle. Two approaches were used to select factors to test as potential HCV cofactors. The first approach investigated factors previously shown to facilitate the replication of other RNA viruses. This included Rab GTPases and the RNA binding proteins, Staufen, TIAL1 and TIA1. The second approach investigated factors observed to be upregulated during HCV infection following microarray expression profiling of HCV (JFH-1 clone) infected Huh7 hepatoma cells. Host genes controlling innate immunity, proliferation, lipid and protein metabolism and intracellular transport were observed to increase in expression, whilst genes controlling oxidative stress and cytoskeletal regulation decreased in expression. The expression patterns observed also indicated that HCV associated pathogenesis may be caused by HCV-induced gene expression changes. Further investigation into the upregulation of lipid synthesis genes observed during HCV infection demonstrated that intracellular lipid abundance also increased significantly, and may contribute to the development of hepatic steatosis in chronically infected patients. Host gene silencing by siRNA knockdown was used to investigate the potential cofactor role of the selected candidate host factors. Factors shown to be essential for effective HCV replication and secretion included those involved in lipid metabolism (TXNIP, CYP1A1 and CIDEC), intracellular transport (RAB2B, RAB4A, RAB11B, RAB27A/B, RAB33B and ABLIM3), and mRNA regulation (Staufen1). It was also shown that TXNIP may control lipid metabolite abundance during HCV replication, and Staufen1 may colocalise with HCV replication complexes to control HCV genome translation, replication or trafficking. Further investigation into the potential HCV cofactors identified should now be performed to improve understanding of the HCV replication cycle and enable identification of novel factors for antiviral targeting.
OpenVPN is Open to VPN Fingerprinting
Creators: name: Xue, Diwen
name: Ramesh, Reethika
name: Jain, Arham
name: Kallitsis, Michalis
name: Halderman, J. Alex
name: Crandall, Jedidiah R.
name: Ensafi, Roya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: VPN adoption has seen steady growth over the past decade due to increased public awareness of privacy and surveillance threats. In response, certain governments are attempting to restrict VPN access by identifying connections using "dual use" DPI technology. To investigate the potential for VPN blocking, we develop mechanisms for accurately fingerprinting connections using OpenVPN, the most popular protocol for commercial VPN services. We identify three fingerprints based on protocol features such as byte pattern, packet size, and server response. Playing the role of an attacker who controls the network, we design a two-phase framework that performs passive fingerprinting and active probing in sequence. We evaluate our framework in partnership with a million-user ISP and find that we identify over 85% of OpenVPN flows with only negligible false positives, suggesting that OpenVPN-based services can be effectively blocked with little collateral damage. Although some commercial VPNs implement countermeasures to avoid detection, our framework successfully identified connections to 34 out of 41 "obfuscated" VPN configurations. We discuss the implications of the VPN fingerprintability for different threat models and propose short-term defenses. In the longer term, we urge commercial VPN providers to be more transparent about their obfuscation approaches and to adopt more principled detection countermeasures, such as those developed in censorship circumvention research.
description: In: USENIX Security Symposium 2022 (USENIX Security '22)
Additional file 3: of Genome wide identification and predicted functional analyses of NAC transcription factors in Asian pears
Creators: name: Mudassar Ahmad
name: Xinhui Yan
name: Jianzhao Li
name: Qinsong Yang
name: Wajeeha Jamil
name: Yuanwen Teng
name: Songling Bai
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Frequency Distribution of PpNAC genes on each chromosome. (DOCX 117 kb)
Effects of percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty in patients with mitral stenosis and atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Liu, Bojiang
name: Wang, Yunyun
name: Liu, Yingwu
name: Wu, Peng
name: Li, Tong
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy

description: The study aimed to systematically review the existing literature and assess the effects of percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV) in patients with mitral stenosis and atrial fibrillation (AF) as opposed to sinus rhythm (SR). Eligible studies were identified from six electronic databases before June 2021. The primary outcome was mitral valve area (MVA), and secondary outcomes were hemodynamic measurements, in-hospital complications, and long-term outcomes. Relative risks (RRs) or weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used as effect sizes. Fifteen studies were included involving 6351 patients. For the primary outcome, the AF group obtained less favourable changes in MVA (WMD: −0.10, 95%CI: −0.14, −0.06) and a significantly smaller postoperative and long-term MVA (WMD: −0.13, 95%CI: −0.18, −0.08 and WMD: −0.10, 95%CI: −0.17, −0.03, respectively) compared to the SR group. For secondary outcome, the AF group was associated with suboptimal outcomes as following (WMD/RR, [95%CI]): higher LAP (1.37, [0.86, 1.87]), more embolism (2.85, [1.44, 5.63]), lower event-free survival (0.89, [0.80, 1.00]), higher incidences of mitral valve replacement (2.20, [1.40, 3.46]), re-PBMV (2.28, [1.63, 3.19]), and mortality (3.28, [2.42, 4.44]). No significant differences were found in other outcomes. The currently available evidence suggests that PBMV may be less effective in patients with AF than in those with SR. However, early treatment and appropriate management of AF patients undergoing PBMV may benefit the immediate and long-term outcomes.
Flux Rope Formation Due to Shearing and Zipper Reconnection
Creators: name: Threlfall, J.
name: Hood, A. W.
name: Priest, E. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Zipper reconnection has been proposed as a mechanism for creating most of the twist in the flux tubes that are present prior to eruptive flares and coronal mass ejections. We have conducted a first numerical experiment on this new regime of reconnection, where two initially untwisted parallel flux tubes are sheared and reconnected to form a large flux rope. We describe the properties of this experiment, including the linkage of magnetic flux between concentrated flux sources at the base of the simulation, the twist of the newly formed flux rope and the conversion of mutual magnetic helicity in the sheared pre-reconnection state into the self-helicity of the newly formed flux rope.
description: 20 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in Solar Physics
Dynamics of the radio galaxy 3C449
Creators: name: Hardcastle, M. J.
name: Worrall, D. M.
name: Birkinshaw, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present ROSAT PSPC observations of the twin-jet radio galaxy 3C449. The soft X-ray emission from this object is dominated by an extended halo with a scale comparable to that of the radio source. The asymmetry of the X-ray emission is reflected in that of the radio lobes, providing evidence that the behaviour of the jets is strongly influenced by the external medium. A region of reduced X-ray surface brightness coincident with the southern radio lobe of 3C449 suggests that the radio source has displaced thermal plasma from the X-ray-emitting halo. However, the minimum pressure in the radio lobe is considerably lower than our estimates of the pressure in the external medium. We discuss the implications for the dynamics of the radio source.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, uses mn.sty and epsf.sty. To appear in MNRAS
title: ADCO, Cartulaire des Dominicains de Dijon (1286), Cart. 221 (H 53), 170 folios, f. 0307
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: Petot, Frédéric
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2012
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: cartulaire
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge

description: Cartulaire des Dominicains de Dijon (1286), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 221 (H 53), 170 folios. Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Cartulaire des Dominicains de Dijon (1286), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 221 (H 53), 170 folios, f. 0307, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: Dijon
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7003
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15250518p
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/02643413X/id
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/6453767
Supplemental File: Interview Guide
Creators: name: Mayer, Coryn
name: LeBaron, virginia
name: Acquaviva, Kimberly
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 111202 Cancer Diagnosis
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111707 Family Care
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 111005 Mental Health Nursing
subject: 111504 Pharmaceutical Sciences
subject: 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified
subject: 111001 Aged Care Nursing

description: "The interview guide was designed by the authors in consultation with the University of Virginia Center for Survey Research. Informed by the aims of the study and review of the literature, the semi-structured interview guide (10.6084/m9.figshare.14396267) explored providers’ experiences caring for patients with existential distress and their perspectives on psilocybin therapy."
Libellula umbrata Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Odonata
Libellulidae
Libellula
Libellula umbrata

description: Libellula umbrata [spec. nov.]
L. alis planis albis: fascia fusca.
Habitat in America. Rolander.
Alarum fascia in medio; apices alarum obscuriores.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 545, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Quasi-Local Formulation of Non-Abelian Finite-Element Gauge Theory
Creators: name: Milton, Kimball A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently it was shown how to formulate the finite-element equations of motion of a non-Abelian gauge theory, by gauging the free lattice difference equations, and simultaneously determining the form of the gauge transformations. In particular, the gauge-covariant field strength was explicitly constructed, locally, in terms of a path ordered product of exponentials (link operators). On the other hand, the Dirac and Yang-Mills equations were nonlocal, involving sums over the entire prior lattice. Earlier, Matsuyama had proposed a local Dirac equation constructed from just the above-mentioned link operators. Here, we show how his scheme, which is closely related to our earlier one, can be implemented for a non-Abelian gauge theory. Although both Dirac and Yang-Mills equations are now local, the field strength is not. The technique is illustrated with a direct calculation of the current anomalies in two and four space-time dimensions. Unfortunately, unlike the original finite-element proposal, this scheme is in general nonunitary.
description: 19 pages, REVTeX, no figures
Field-Effect Transistors in Chemically Etched Silicon Nanowires
Creators: name: Tymienecki, Michal
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2011

description: In recent years, silicon nanowires (SiNW) have generated great interest for the fabrication of nanometre-scale transistors, thermoelectric devices, solar cells, and biological/chemical sensors. SiNWs, with minimum diameter ~10 nm, and lengths up to ~100 μm, may be prepared by a variety of growth, etching and high-resolution lithographic techniques. In particular, metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) provides a low-cost method of producing large arrays of high aspect ratio SiNWs. This thesis investigates field-effect transistors (FETs) using SiNWs prepared by MACE. Source/drain contacts to the FET are defined by titanium silicide. FETs using large-area back-gates are found to be dominated by Schottky barriers (SB) at the source and drain. The ISD-VSD and ISD-VBG characteristics are determined by thermionic emission across the source SB, which may be lowered by the image-force potential, and by the local electric field generated by the source/drain and gate potentials. These results demonstrate that complete FET operation may be obtained by considering only the effect of SB lowering. An inverted-channel SiNW FET is also presented, where the characteristics are determined by both the contact SBs and the inversion layer in the NW. After subtracting the effect of the SBs from the data, a long-channel MOSFET model is used to find the field-effect electron mobility μFE ~100 cm2/Vs. FETs using parallel arrays of SiNWs are also investigated. These devices show similar source/drain relationship to single SiNW devices, but a weakened gate dependence, attributed to the aggregate response of multiple SiNWs in parallel. Low-temperature measurements of these multi-wire devices from 300K to 20K are used to extract the effective SB heights.
title: The Use of Games and Crowdsourcing for the Fabrication-aware Design of Residential Buildings
Creators: name: Savov, Anton
Publisher: name: UNSPECIFIED
Year: 2022

description: State-of-the-art participatory design acknowledges the true, ill-defined nature of design problems, taking into account stakeholders' values and preferences. However, it overburdens the architect, who has to synthesize far more constraints into a one-of-a-kind design. Generative Design promises to equip architects with great power to standardize and systemize the design process. However, the common trap of generative design is trying to treat architecture simply as a tame problem. In this work, I investigate the use of games and crowdsourcing in architecture through two sets of explorative questions. First, if everyone can participate in the network-enabled creation of the built environment, what role will they play? And what tools will they need to enable them? And second, if anyone can use digital fabrication to build any building, how will we design it? What design paradigms will govern this process? I present a map of design paradigms that lie at the intersections of Participatory Design, Generative Design, Game Design, and Crowd Wisdom. In four case studies, I explore techniques to employ the practices from the four fields in the service of architecture. Generative Design can lower the difficulty of the challenge to design by automating a large portion of the work. A newly formulated, unified taxonomy of generative design across the disciplines of architecture, computer science, and computer games builds the base for the use of algorithms in the case studies. The work introduces Playable Voxel-Shape Grammars, a new type of generative technique. It enables Game Design to guide participants through a series of challenges, effectively increasing their skills by helping them understand the underlying principles of the design task at hand. The use of crowdsourcing in architecture can mean thousands of architects creating content for a generative design system, to expand and open up its design space. Crowdsourcing can also be about millions of people online creating designs that an architect or a homeowner can refer to increase their understanding of the complex issues at hand in a given design project and for better decision making. At the same time, game design in architecture helps find the balance between algorithmically exploring pre-defined design alternatives and open-ended, free creativity. The research reveals a layered structure of entry points for crowd-contributed content as well as the granular nature of authorship among four different roles: non-expert stakeholders, architects, the crowd, and the tool-makers.