Paranomopone relicta Wheeler, 1915, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Wheeler, W. M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1915
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Paranomopone
Paranomopone relicta

description: Paranomopone relicta sp. nov.  
Worker. (Figs. 1-4). Length 4-1.5 mm.  
Head, excluding the mandibles, scarcely longer than broad, distinctly narrower in front than behind, with broadly and rather deeply excised posterior border and prominent posterior corners, its sides rather straight, its upper surface convex, the gula flattened. Mandibles with slightly convex external borders and about 7-8 subequal teeth on the apical borders. Clypeus flat, with a sharp median carina, anteriorly very slightly projecting as a short lobe with straight median border and rounded corners. Antennal scapes about three-fourths the length of the head; first funicular joint about as long as broad: joints 2-8 decidedly broader than long; first and second joints of club subequal, each about as long as broad and together distinctly shorter than the terminal joint. Thorax narrower than the head, broadest through the pronotum, which, seen from above and excluding the neck, is nearly twice as broad as long, broadest in front, with the humeral and inferior angles sharp and pointed. Promesonotal suture very sharp and distinct; mesoepinotum from above less than twice as long as broad, its sides feebly concave, in profile scarcely longer than high, with the base of the epinotum convex and somewhat longer than the declivity, which is concave and sloping and has a distinctly crenulate margin on each side. Petiole from above broadly elliptical, slightly broader than long, with rounded sides; in profile as high as the thorax, about one and three-fourths times as high as long, with straight and perpendicular anterior, convex and horizontal superior and concave and perpendicular posterior surface. Ventral surface with a small tooth near its anterior border. Postpetiole from above and from the side rounded, as broad as long, broader and longer than the first gastric segment, which is rather cylindrical and encloses the small remaining gastric semente. There is a small blunt tooth at the anterio-ventral margin of the postpetiole.  
Rather shining; mandibles smooth, sparsely and rather coarsely punctate. Clypeus with a few sharp longitudinal rugae on the sides. Head between the frontal carinae and medial borders of the scrobes traversed by about seven sharp longitudinal rugae on each side of the median line, which is itself represented by a ruga continuous anteriorly with the median cannula of the frontal area and the clypeal carina. The rugsae diverge on each side of the middle line and there are shallow, elongate punctures in the interrugal spaces. Cheeks also with similar, but more reticulate, coarse rugas. On the occiput and posterior corners of the head the longitudinal rugai are replaced by very coarse punctures or foveolse; so close together that the spaces separating them are converted into reticulate rugse. Thorax, petiole, postpetiole, and first gastric segment finely punctate and covered with foveolae similar to those on the occiput but distinctly sparser on the postpetiole and gaster. Epinotal declivity, posterior declivity of petiole, scrobes of the head and a portion of the mesopleurae glabrous and very shining, the scrobe also slightly striolate. Antennae, legs and terminal gastric segments subopaque, finely and densely punctate.  
Hairs and pubescence rather coarse, grayish yellow; the former long, erect, of unequal length, covering the body, legs and scapes and quite as long on the extensor surfaces of the appendages as on the body. Pubescence long and appressed on the body, most distinct on the gaster and postpetiole, finer and denser on the legs and antennal scapes.  
Head, thorax and petiole dark brown or piceous above; mandibles, clypeus. ' antennae, pleurae, legs, sides of petiole and the whole of the postpetiole and gaster richer brownish red.  
Female. (Figs. 5 and 6.) Length 5.5 mm.  
Differing from the worker only in the shape and size of the abdomen, the postpetiole and first gastric segment being larger and the latter as broad as the petiole and fully as broad as long. These segments are of the same dark brown color as the head and thorax, whereas the remaining gastric segments are paler brownish red, like the legs, antennae and mandibles.  
Described from a single female and two workers taken October 28, 1914, under a large rotten log in the moist tropical "scrub" at Kuranda in Northern Queensland. These specimens with a few nearly full-grown larvae apparently comprised the whole colony. The larva (Figs. 7 and 8) is rather slender, pure white and covered with delicate white hairs, which are short and rather dense, especially on the dorsal surface, and interspersed with fewer, longer and more flexuous hairs. The head is rounded, sparsely hairy and bears a pair of well-developed, tridentate mandibles.  
Paranomopone has all the ear-marks of being a very ancient, possibly Mesozoic genus, which still survives as a very rare relict in tropical Queensland. It is difficult to assign it to a definite position in any of the existing tribes of the subfamily. Ponerinae as enumerated and defined by Emery in the "Genera Insectorum." In the structure of the thorax and abdomen there is considerable resemblance to the peculiar Haytian genus Emeryella Forel among the Ectatommiini, but the deep scrobes of the head are unlike anything seen in other known Ponerine genera. Paraponera, to be sure, has scrobes, but these are of a very different conformation, being angulate and enclosing the eye in such a manner that the scape lies over; and the funiculus under the eye, when the antenna is folded back against the head, whereas in Paranomopone the whole scrobe is above the eye. In other respects the head shows close affinities with the Ectatommiini, so that, on the whole, I am inclined to assign it to this tribe. The peculiar ergatoid female is of unusual interest in connection with similar females of the genera Onychomyrmex and Leptogenys and the apparent absence of definite female forms in some of the other Australian ant-genera, notably Rhytidoponera sens. str., Diacamma and Leptomyrmex.  
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATE.
description: Published as part of Wheeler, W. M., 1915, Paranomopone, a new genus of ponerine ants from Queensland., pp. 117-120 in Psyche 22 on pages 118-120