cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Recognition of orthoflaviviral RNA in mosquitoes and viral countermeasures
Creators: name: Vom Hemdt, Anja
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Orthoflaviviren
subject: Aedes aegypti
subject: Gelbfiebervirus
subject: Dengue-Virus
subject: Moskito
subject: cap0
subject: orthoflavivirus
subject: yellow fever virus
subject: dengue virus
subject: mosquito
subject: ddc:570
subject: ddc:610

description: Various infectious diseases are caused by mosquito-borne orthoflaviviruses affecting people worldwide. Efficient transmission of these viruses highly depends on the pathogen’s ability to overcome the host immune system. Previous studies showed that orthoflaviviruses evade the vertebrate immune system by capping their viral genome via a cap-N1-2’-O-methyltransferase encoded in the non-structural protein NS5. This thesis aimed to analyze whether orthoflaviviruses also escape the insect immune system by modulating their 5’ cap structure via 2’-O-methylation.
 Using the yellow fever virus (YFV) vaccine strain (YFV-17D cap1) and a methyltransferase deficient mutant (YFV-17D cap0), this thesis demonstrates that the replication of YFV-17D cap0 is also impaired in mosquito cells. Since YFV-17D is unable to replicate in mosquitoes, a YFV-Asibi cDNA clone was additionally established to compare the respective cap1 and cap0 variants in vitro and in vivo. Similar to YFV-17D cap0, YFV-Asibi cap0 was suppressed in mosquito cells in a Dicer-2 independent manner but to a slightly lower extent. These data indicate that YFV-Asibi counteracts the insect antiviral discrimination mechanism of cap0 RNA. Studies comparing chimeras between YFV-Asibi and YFV-17D aimed to pinpoint the viral genes responsible for counteracting the discrimination mechanism. The results suggest that a synergy of several non-structural proteins is involved in this mechanism. In the case of YFV, the counteraction seems to be linked to a faster viral replication at early time points.
 Furthermore, after oral infection of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, YFV-Asibi cap1 replicated in the mosquito midgut and secondary tissues like legs plus wings. Conversely, replication of YFV-Asibi cap0 was suppressed in the midgut and nearly blocked in secondary tissues. Intriguingly, efficient replication of YFV-Asibi cap0 occurred after intrathoracic infection, indicating the existence of a potential receptor or protein discriminating between cap1 and cap0 RNAs in the midgut or the midgut barrier.
 Since the methyltransferase is highly conserved between orthoflaviviruses, DENV cap0 was established as well. Comparative growth curve kinetics revealed that DENV cap0 replication is not suppressed in mosquito cells, implying that DENV also counteracts the insect antiviral discrimination mechanism of cap0 RNA but more strongly than YFV-Asibi.
 In summary, the obtained results suggest the existence of an innate 5’ RNA-modification recognizing effector protein in mosquito cells and mosquitoes. Further, orthoflaviviruses counteract this effector protein by different means, leading to different levels of cap0 virus replication.
Social Learning and Paulo Freire Concepts for Understanding Food Security Cases in Brazil
Creators: name: Bonatti, Michelle
name: Borba, Juliano
name: Löhr, Katharina
name: Tremblay, Crystal
name: Sieber, Stefan
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: learning systems
subject: Paulo Freire
subject: governance
subject: sustainable land use
subject: 570 Biologie

description: Food insecurity is a wicked, complex, and critical problem. Although evidence supporting a wide range of assertions regarding the outcomes of social learning is still being investigated, its potential to improve food security challenges is growing. Nonetheless, more work is needed to understand when and how social learning-oriented approaches are effective in food security situations. We address this gap by investigating how elements of social learning and Freire’s key concepts are exemplified in existing real-world experiences of food security in rural communities. The case studies in Brazil, Community Seed Banks in Paraíba State, in the northeast and Biodiversity Kit in Guaraciaba, Santa Catarina State, in the south, are examples of small farmers facing and overcoming their limit-situation of food insecurity through celebrating, planting, and saving traditional seeds (landraces). A mixed-methods approach was applied based on semi-structured interviews and a literature review. The key findings show that local initiatives based on the interconnections of social learning and Freire´s concepts have improved food security in two cases. The practice of landrace rescue as a food security strategy is strengthened through a culture of closeness and solidarity, through values that are celebrated in the festivities, community meetings, and other exchanges of experiences. Applications of our conceptual framework in operational interventions show clear potential for generating the necessary changes for a more sustainable world, specifically in food security and sovereignty projects, as described in the cases studies.
title: Bridging: Language Learner Book Milestones 1-7
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Curriculum and Instruction
subject: International and Comparative Education

description: REACH is a USAID-funded program implemented by Management Sciences for Health (MSH) under contract EEE-C-00-03-00015-00. Partners include The Academy for Educational Development (AED); Health and Development Services (HANDS); JHPIEGO; Technical Assistance, Inc. (TAI); and the University of Massachusetts/Amherst. Learning for Life is managed by the University of Massachusetts/Amherst and in conjunction with the International Rescue Committee implemented in 12 USAID priority provinces in Afghanistan. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development of the United States Government. Produced for the Afghanistan Learning for Life Project, funded under the USAID financed REACH Project, by the Center for International Education, School of Education, University of Massachusetts. For further information see: www.umass.edu/cie, or contact cie@educ.umass.edu
Assessing the Effectiveness and Justice of Protected Areas Governance: Issues and Situated Pathways to Environmental Policies in Río Negro National Park, Paraguay
Creators: name: Bonatti, Michelle
name: Bayer, Sabeth Tara
name: Pope, Kamila
name: Eufemia, Luca
name: Turetta, Ana
name: Tremblay, Crystal
name: Sieber, Stefan
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: socio-ecological justice
subject: social learning
subject: inclusive decision-making
subject: community participation
subject: social capital
subject: collective action
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften
subject: 550 Geowissenschaften

description: Protected areas are a fundamental element for the protection of ecological integrity and, in some cases, the livelihood of local communities worldwide. They are also embedded in socio-ecological systems, and their management is subject to various political, economic, and social influences. Good governance of protected areas is recognized as a decisive aspect of ecological conservation, which is at risk in institutional contexts where there is a weak scope of action alongside issues with misrecognition of key actors and their representation in procedures. In this context, the present study case aims to assess the performance of the Río Negro National Park governance system in terms of effectiveness and justice to enable the identification of strategies to improve this protected area governance system for the achievement of its desired outcomes. Using the social-ecological systems approach, this paper proposes an analytical framework for the performance assessment, including both the effectiveness and justice of the governance of socio-ecological systems, stemming from the socio-ecological justice framework. It uses mixed methods based on semi-structured in-depth interviews supplemented by a focus group discussion, participant observation, and secondary data analysis. Results show that the governance of Río Negro National Park is negatively impacted by low-capacity, a lack of human, financial, and technical resources, as well as the lack of recognition of the indigenous community of the Yshiro and the rural community as key actors, leading to a lack of representation of their interests, values, and knowledge in norm-making and decision-making processes. The findings unveil some windows for improvement through better-designed environmental policies specifically based on collective action and social learning. The results demonstrate that effectiveness and justice influence each other and, therefore, are deeply intertwined. From the assessment conducted, the paper highlights the components of the governance system that should be improved to achieve good governance of the protected area as a socio-ecological system, promoting the ecological integrity and the dignity of life (socio-ecological justice) of the individuals and communities that are part of this system.
What Do “None,” “Mild,” “Moderate,” “Severe,” and “Very Severe” Mean to Patients With Cancer? Content Validity of PRO-CTCAE™ Response Scales
Creators: name: Mendoza, T.R.
name: Dueck, A.C.
name: Mitchell, S.A.
name: Minasian, L.M.
name: Rogak, L.J.
name: Hay, J.L.
name: Basch, E.
name: Atkinson, T.M.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Inc.
Year: 2018

description: Accurate capture of the symptom experience is essential to gauging efficacy, safety, and tolerability of cancer treatments. The Patient-Reported Outcomes version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (PRO-CTCAE) was developed by the National Cancer Institute to allow direct patient self-reporting of symptomatic adverse events in cancer clinical trials. Its content validity has been established in accordance with recommended practices for novel patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments.
An image-based frameworks for automated discrepancy quantification and realignment of industrial assemblies
Creators: name: Nahangi, Mohammad
name: Czerniawski, Thomas
name: Yeung, Jamie
name: Haas, Carl T.
name: Walbridge, Scott
name: West, Jeffrey
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: Image-based frameworks for automated as-built modeling and infrastructure 3D reconstruction are increasingly being used in the construction industry. The increasing use of image-based technologies in the construction processes is due to the ease of application, cheap cost of enhancement, time effectiveness and high level of accuracy and automation. Automating the tasks involved in the inspection, quality control and quality assurance (QA/QC) processes are the potential avenues for utilizing such frameworks. This paper presents an image-based approach for acquiring the built status of fabricated assemblies and describes a framework for realigning the defective segments by borrowing concepts from robotics and forward kinematics. A laboratory set of experiments is then conducted to measure the accuracy and performance of the proposed framework for realignment of industrial facilities, in general, and pipe spools, in particular. Results demonstrate that it can be utilized in real cases providing the required level of accuracy as well.
Generalized eigenvalue problem for an interface elliptic equation
Creators: name: Maia, Braulio B. V.
name: Molina-Becerra, Mónica
name: Morales-Rodrigo, Cristian
name: Suárez, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35A15, 35B33, 35B25, and 35J60

description: In this paper we deal with an eigenvalue problem in an interface elliptic equation. We characterize the set of principal eigenvalues as a level set of a concave and regular function. As application, we study a problem arising in population dynamics. In these problems each species lives in a subdomain, and they interact in a common border, which acts as a geographical barrier.
description: 29 pages
Informing the Tolerability of Cancer Treatments Using Patient-Reported Outcome Measures: Summary of an FDA and Critical Path Institute Workshop
Creators: name: Daniels, S.
name: Minasian, L.
name: Campbell, M.
name: Velikova, G.
name: Coons, S.J.
name: Fairclough, D.L.
name: Mitchell, S.A.
name: Denlinger, C.S.
name: Kanapuru, B.
name: Fiero, M.H.
name: O'Connor, D.
name: Cleeland, C.
name: Arscott, K.
name: Sridhara, R.
name: Patel, S.
name: Coens, C.
name: Soltys, K.
name: Cappelleri, J.C.
name: Basch, E.
name: Johnson, L.L.
name: Cella, D.
name: Kluetz, P.G.
name: Ryden, A.
name: Rubin, E.H.
name: Hillard, J.R.
name: Barbachano, Y.
name: Thanarajasingam, G.
name: Lemery, S.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Ltd
Year: 2018

description: The US Food and Drug Administration and the Critical Path Institute's Patient-Reported Outcome (PRO) Consortium convened a cosponsored workshop on the use of PRO measures to inform the assessment of safety and tolerability in cancer clinical trials. A broad array of international stakeholders involved in oncology drug development and PRO measurement science provided perspectives on the role of PRO measures to provide complementary clinical data on the symptomatic side effects of anticancer agents. Speakers and panelists explored the utility of information derived from existing and emerging PRO measures, focusing on the PRO version of the National Cancer Institute's Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. Panelists and speakers discussed potential ways to improve the collection, analysis, and presentation of PRO data describing symptomatic adverse events to support drug development and better inform regulatory and treatment decisions. Workshop participants concluded the day with a discussion of possible approaches to the patient-reported assessment of an investigational drug's overall side effect burden as a potential clinical trial end point. The Food and Drug Administration reiterated its commitment to collaborate with international drug development stakeholders to identify rigorous methods to incorporate the patient perspective into the development of cancer therapeutics.
A systematic review of the effect of semaglutide on lean mass: insights from clinical trials
Creators: name: Bikou, Alexia
name: Dermiki-Gkana, Foteini
name: Penteris, Michail
name: Constantinides, Theodoros K
name: Kontogiorgis, Christos
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, is associated with significant weight loss, yet its impact on lean body mass remains insufficiently understood. This review investigates the effect of semaglutide on lean mass in the context of obesity management. This study investigates through different databases (PubMed, Elsevier, and Google Scholar) from 2016 for randomized control trials (RCTs) or observational studies that assessed the use of semaglutide in overweight or obese patients, regardless of whether they have type 2 diabetes or not. The studies compared semaglutide to a placebo or alternative medications. Six studies with 1,541 overweight or obese adults were included, and significant weight reductions were observed primarily due to fat mass loss. While the lean mass remained stable in some cases, notable reductions ranging from almost 0% to 40% of total weight reduction were observed in others. Noteworthy decreases in lean mass were particularly evident in larger trials, yet the proportion of lean mass relative to total body mass increased, suggesting a positive overall outcome. Semaglutide displays potential for weight loss primarily through fat mass reduction. However, concerns arise from notable reductions in lean mass, especially in trials with a larger number of patients.
title: Anti-corruption and International Trade
Creators: name: Mueller, Tricia
name: Riker, David
Publisher: name: United States International Trade Commission
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/05hsggr76
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2023

description: Using a set of econometric models, we estimate that there are positive effects of a
country’s control of corruption on the value of the country’s imports and exports of
goods and services. The analysis utilizes a measure of control of corruption from
the World Bank’s World Governance Indicators, with robustness checks using other
commonly used measures of corruption. Finally, we use the econometric models to
simulate the effects of hypothetical changes in control of corruption in a group of ten
developing countries.
A systematic review and meta-analysis on efficacy and safety of Ganaxolone in epilepsy
Creators: name: Khan, Parvej
name: Saini, Sparsh
name: Hussain, Shadan
name: Majid, Haya
name: Gupta, Sparsh
name: Agarwal, Nidhi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: Space Science
Medicine
Biotechnology
Science Policy

description: Ganaxolone has exhibited potential in managing seizures for epilepsy. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to assess both the safety and efficacy of Ganaxolone for refractory epilepsy. A thorough search of electronic databases was conducted to identify relevant randomized controlled trials involving patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy and CDKL5 deficiency disorder. Efficacy and safety outcomes were extracted from the selected studies. Cochrane Review Manager was utilized for data synthesis and analysis, with risk ratios and mean differences calculated to evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of Ganaxolone. The meta-analysis included a total of five randomized controlled trials. Ganaxolone exhibited significant efficacy in reducing seizure frequency by at least 50% from baseline [RR 0.90 (95% CI: 0.83, 0.98), p = 0.02]. However, the results did not reach significance for reducing 28-day seizure frequency [Mean Difference −1.45 (95% CI: −3.39, 0.49), p = 0.14]. Ganaxolone exhibited a positive safety profile, with no statistically significant occurrence of adverse events [RR 1.30 (95% CI: 0.93, 1.83), p = 0.12] and adverse events leading to discontinuation of the study drug [RR 1.01 (95% CI: 0.42, 2.39), p = 0.99] compared to placebo. Ganaxolone presents itself as a viable therapeutic option for refractory epilepsy, showing efficacy in reducing seizure frequency and exhibited a favorable safety profile. CRD42023434883
Symptom Monitoring in Pediatric Oncology Using Patient-Reported Outcomes: Why, How, and Where Next
Creators: name: Leahy, A.B.
name: Feudtner, C.
name: Basch, E.
Publisher: name: Springer International Publishing
Year: 2018

description: Symptom monitoring using patient-reported outcomes (PROs) is not common in pediatric oncology, despite interest from stakeholders—including patients, families, clinicians, and regulatory organizations—and proven clinical benefit in adult oncology. This article examines the foundational data for patient-reported symptom reporting in this population and posits the next investigative steps toward the implementation of patient-reported symptom monitoring in the care and research of pediatric oncology patients. The reasoning behind, and feasibility of, monitoring symptoms in pediatric oncology patients using PRO measures are discussed, as well as specific tools that have been developed to track symptoms in this population, including innovative electronic self-reporting platforms built to engage children in the symptom reporting process. Aspects of engaging both patients and clinicians in the symptom self-report process are reviewed, as are the experiences of “early adopters” of this process in pediatric oncology and across pediatrics. It is clear that there are key issues that remain regarding the use of PROs for symptom monitoring, including selection of specific outcomes to monitor, how to resolve discrepant reports, and determination of benefit. The next steps for investigation of these issues are discussed. Unanswered questions notwithstanding, work should continue to make patient-reported symptom monitoring an established, evidence-based part of routine and research practice in pediatric oncology.
An update on antifungal resistance in dermatophytosis
Creators: name: Gupta, Aditya K.
name: Mann, Avantika
name: Ravi, Shruthi Polla
name: Wang, Tong
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: The reports of resistance to antifungal agents used for treating onychomycosis and other superficial fungal infections are increasing. This rise in antifungal resistance poses a public health challenge that requires attention. This review explores the prevalence of dermatophytes and the current relationship between dermatophyte species, their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for terbinafine (an allylamine) and itraconazole (an azole), and various mutations prevalent in these species. The most frequently isolated dermatophyte associated with resistance in patients with onychomycosis and dermatophytosis was T. mentagrophytes. However, T. indotineae emerged as the most prevalent isolate with mutations in the SQLE gene, exhibiting the highest MIC of 8 µg/ml for terbinafine and MICs of 8 µg/ml and ≥ 32 µg/ml for itraconazole. Overall, the most prevalent SQLE mutations were Phe397Leu, Leu393Phe, Ala448Thr, Phe397Leu/Ala448Thr, and Lys276Asn/Leu415Phe (relatively recent). Managing dermatophyte infections requires a personalized approach. A detailed history should be obtained including details of travel, home and occupational exposure, and clinical examination of the skin, nails and other body systems. Relevant testing includes mycological examination (traditional and molecular). Additional testing, where available, includes MIC evaluation and detection of SQLE mutations. In case of suspected terbinafine resistance, itraconazole or voriconazole (less commonly) should be considered.
Stationary solutions and large time asymptotics to a cross-diffusion-Cahn-Hilliard system
Creators: name: Cauvin-Vila, Jean
name: Ehrlacher, Virginie
name: Marino, Greta
name: Pietschmann, Jan-Frederik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study some properties of a multi-species degenerate Ginzburg-Landau energy and its relation to a cross-diffusion Cahn-Hilliard system. The model is motivated by multicomponent mixtures where crossdiffusion effects between the different species are taken into account, and where only one species does separate from the others. Using a comparison argument, we obtain strict bounds on the minimizers from which we can derive first-order optimality conditions, revealing a link with the single-species energy, and providing enough regularity to qualify the minimizers as stationary solutions of the evolution system. We also discuss convexity properties of the energy as well as long time asymptotics of the time-dependent problem. Lastly, we introduce a structure-preserving finite volume scheme for the time-dependent problem and present several numerical experiments in one and two spatial dimensions.
description: Code can be consulted at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8117581
Statistical analysis of patient-reported outcome data in randomised controlled trials of locally advanced and metastatic breast cancer: a systematic review
Creators: name: Dueck, A.C.
name: Piccart, M.
name: Dirven, L.
name: Groenvold, M.
name: Basch, E.
name: Griebsch, I.
name: Devlin, N.
name: Bottomley, A.
name: Campbell, A.
name: Cleeland, C.
name: King, M.
name: Calvert, M.
name: Quinten, C.
name: Collette, L.
name: Sloan, J.
name: Mitchell, S.A.
name: Malone, D.C.
name: Dorme, L.
name: Piault-Louis, E.
name: Pe, M.
name: Oliver, K.
name: Setting International Standards in Analyzing Patient-Reported Outcomes and Quality of Life Endpoints Data Consortium (SISAQOL)
name: Pimentel, F.L.
name: Velikova, G.
name: Koller, M.
name: Reijneveld, J.C.
name: Musoro, J.Z.
name: Cocks, K.
name: Gotay, C.
name: Coens, C.
name: Martinelli, F.
name: Flechtner, H.-H.
Publisher: name: Lancet Publishing Group
Year: 2018

description: Although patient-reported outcomes (PROs), such as health-related quality of life, are important endpoints in randomised controlled trials (RCTs), there is little consensus about the analysis, interpretation, and reporting of these data. We did a systematic review to assess the variability, quality, and standards of PRO data analyses in advanced breast cancer RCTs. We searched PubMed for English language articles published in peer-reviewed journals between Jan 1, 2001, and Oct 30, 2017. Eligible articles were those that reported PRO results from RCTs of adult patients with advanced breast cancer receiving anti-cancer treatments with reported sample sizes of at least 50 patients—66 RCTs met the selection criteria. Only eight (12%) RCTs reported a specific PRO research hypothesis. Heterogeneity in the statistical methods used to assess PRO data was observed, with a mixture of longitudinal and cross-sectional techniques. Not all articles addressed the problem of multiple testing. Fewer than half of RCTs (28 [42%]) reported the clinical significance of their findings. 48 (73%) did not report how missing data were handled. Our systematic review shows a need to improve standards in the analysis, interpretation, and reporting of PRO data in cancer RCTs. Lack of standardisation makes it difficult to draw robust conclusions and compare findings across trials. The Setting International Standards in the Analyzing Patient-Reported Outcomes and Quality of Life Data Consortium was set up to address this need and develop recommendations on the analysis of PRO data in RCTs.
JWST/CEERS sheds light on dusty star-forming galaxies: forming bulges, lopsidedness and outside-in quenching at cosmic noon
Creators: name: Bail, Aurelien Le
name: Daddi, Emanuele
name: Elbaz, David
name: Dickinson, Mark
name: Giavalisco, Mauro
name: Magnelli, Benjamin
name: Gomez-Guijarro, Carlos
name: Kalita, Boris S.
name: Koekemoer, Anton M.
name: Holwerda, Benne W.
name: Bournaud, Frederic
name: de la Vega, Alexander
name: Calabro, Antonello
name: Dekel, Avishai
name: Cheng, Yingjie
name: Bisigello, Laura
name: Franco, Maximilien
name: Costantin, Luca
name: Lucas, Ray A.
name: Perez-Gonzalez, Pablo G.
name: Lu, Shiying
name: Wilkins, Stephen M.
name: Haro, Pablo Arrabal
name: Bagley, Micaela B.
name: Finkelstein, Steven L.
name: Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S.
name: Papovich, Casey
name: Pirzkal, Nor
name: Yung, L. Y. Aaron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the morphology and resolved physical properties of a sample of 22 IR-selected DSFG at cosmic noon using the JWST/NIRCam images obtained in the EGS field for the CEERS survey. The resolution of the NIRCam images allowed to spatially resolve these galaxies up to 4.4um and identify their bulge even when extinguished by dust. The goal of this study is to obtain a better understanding of the formation and evolution of FIR-bright galaxies by spatially resolving their properties using JWST in order to look through the dust and bridge the gap between the compact FIR sources and the larger optical SFG. Based on RGB images from the NIRCam filters, we divided each galaxy into several uniformly colored regions, fitted their respective SEDs, and measured physical properties. After classifying each region as SF or quiescent, we assigned galaxies to three classes, depending on whether active SF is located in the core, in the disk or in both. We find (i) that galaxies at a higher z tend to have a fragmented disk with a low core mass fraction. They are at an early stage of bulge formation. When moving toward a lower z, the core mass fraction increases, and the bulge growth is associated with a stabilization of the disk: the NIRCam data clearly point toward bulge formation in preexisting disks. (ii) Lopsidedness is a common feature of DSFGs. It could have a major impact on their evolution; (iii) 23% of galaxies have a SF core embedded in a quiescent disk. They seem to be undergoing outside-in quenching, often facilitated by their strong lopsidedness inducing instabilities. (iv) We show that half of our galaxies with SF concentrated in their core are good SMG counterpart candidates, demonstrating that compact SMGs are usually surrounded by a larger, less obscured disk. (v) Finally, we found surprising evidence for clump-like substructures being quiescent or residing in quiescent regions.
description: 23 pages, 24 figures, Accepted by A&A
Patient-reported outcomes: an essential component of oncology drug development and regulatory review
Creators: name: Basch, E.
Publisher: name: Lancet Publishing Group
Year: 2018

description: When evaluating the risks and benefits of a new cancer drug, an understanding of the ways in which a drug affects how a patient feels and functions is crucial. Without such information, clinicians, patients, researchers, and regulators are left with an incomplete picture of the properties of that product; however, this situation is the norm in drug development programmes. Despite rising interest in patient-focused drug development in the past decade, most drug developers still do not rigorously and comprehensively collect information directly from patients about symptoms or physical functioning in pivotal trials upon which regulatory approval is based.
An update on antifungal resistance in Dermatophytosis
Creators: name: Gupta, Aditya K.
name: Mann, Avantika
name: Ravi, Shruthi Polla
name: Wang, Tong
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: The reports of resistance to antifungal agents used for treating onychomycosis and other superficial fungal infections are increasing. This rise in antifungal resistance poses a public health challenge that requires attention. This review explores the prevalence of dermatophytes and the current relationship between dermatophyte species, their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for terbinafine (an allylamine) and itraconazole (an azole), and various mutations prevalent in these species. The most frequently isolated dermatophyte in patients with onychomycosis and dermatophytosis was T. mentagrophytes. However, T. indotineae emerged as the most prevalent isolate with mutations in the SQLE gene, exhibiting the highest MIC of 8 µg/ml for terbinafine and MICs of 8 µg/ml and ≥32 µg/ml for itraconazole. Overall, the most prevalent SQLE mutations were Phe397Leu, Leu393Phe, Ala448Thr, Phe397Leu/Ala448Thr, and Lys276Asn/Leu415Phe (relatively recent). Managing dermatophyte infections requires a personalized approach. A detailed history should be obtained including details of travel, home and occupational exposure, and clinical examination of the skin, nails and other body systems. Relevant testing includes mycological examination (traditional and molecular). Additional testing, where available, includes MIC evaluation and detection of SQLE mutations. In case of suspected terbinafine resistance, itraconazole or voriconazole (less commonly) should be considered.
Investigation on construction workers' social norms and managers' desired norms regarding absence : preliminary results from a norm elicitation study
Creators: name: Ahn, Seungjun
name: Choi, Byungjoo
name: Lee, SangHyun
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: Researchers have found that construction workers’ absence behavior is under the influence of social norms existing in work groups. Although the previous research efforts on social absence norms in construction have significantly expand our understanding of how they might develop in work groups and exert on workers’ absence behavior, we have limited knowledge about what the absence norms actually existing in construction work groups are. Given this background, the objective of this research is to measure the absence norms shared by construction workers in their work groups as well as the norms desired by construction managers. To achieve this, a novel approach to elicit norms in organizations that were developed by Krupka and Weber (2013) has been used in this research. In this approach, experiment participants are asked to evaluate several hypothetical actions plausible in a given situation using their understanding of what a typical member of their team would think about the actions as well as their own opinions on the actions. The elicitation of social norms is facilitated by a coordination game structure and monetary incentives in the experiment. Using this method, construction workers’ social norms and personal standards, managers’ belief about workers’ social norms, and managers’ desired norms, regarding worker absence behavior were elicited at a construction site. Analyses on the differences between workers’ social norms and managers’ desired norms reveal that there is a general pattern of alignment, but also a measurable difference, between workers’ social norms and managers’ desired norms regarding absence at the site.
Moving forward toward standardizing analysis of quality of life data in randomized cancer clinical trials
Creators: name: Velikova, G.
name: Pe, M.
name: Schürmann, C.
name: Moinpour, C.M.
name: King, M.
name: Calvert, M.
name: Griebsch, I.
name: Sloan, J.
name: Greimel, E.
name: Campbell, A.
name: Malone, D.C.
name: Flechtner, H.-H.
name: Reijneveld, J.C.
name: Gotay, C.
name: Cocks, K.
name: Koller, M.
name: Sridhara, R.
name: Quinten, C.
name: Taphoorn, M.J.B.
name: Coens, C.
name: Groenvold, M.
name: Collette, L.
name: Musoro, J.Z.
name: Pimentel, F.L.
name: O'Connor, D.
name: Setting International Standards in Analyzing Patient-Reported Outcomes and Quality of Life Endpoints Data (SISAQOL) Consortium
name: Hamel, J.-F.
name: Soltys, K.M.
name: Martinelli, F.
name: Devlin, N.
name: Dueck, A.C.
name: Oliver, K.
name: Basch, E.
name: Mitchell, S.A.
name: Bonnetain, F.
name: Cleeland, C.
name: Piccart, M.
name: Kluetz, P.G.
name: Piault-Louis, E.
name: Smith, A.W.
name: Bottomley, A.
Publisher: name: SAGE Publications Ltd
Year: 2018

description: Background: There is currently a lack of consensus on how health-related quality of life and other patient-reported outcome measures in cancer randomized clinical trials are analyzed and interpreted. This makes it difficult to compare results across randomized controlled trials (RCTs) synthesize scientific research, and use that evidence to inform product labeling, clinical guidelines, and health policy. The Setting International Standards in Analyzing Patient-Reported Outcomes and Quality of Life Endpoints Data for Cancer Clinical Trials (SISAQOL) Consortium aims to develop guidelines and recommendations to standardize analyses of patient-reported outcome data in cancer RCTs. Methods and Results: Members from the SISAQOL Consortium met in January 2017 to discuss relevant issues. Data from systematic reviews of the current state of published research in patient-reported outcomes in cancer RCTs indicated a lack of clear reporting of research hypothesis and analytic strategies, and inconsistency in definitions of terms, including “missing data,”“health-related quality of life,” and “patient-reported outcome.” Based on the meeting proceedings, the Consortium will focus on three key priorities in the coming year: developing a taxonomy of research objectives, identifying appropriate statistical methods to analyze patient-reported outcome data, and determining best practices to evaluate and deal with missing data. Conclusion: The quality of the Consortium guidelines and recommendations are informed and enhanced by the broad Consortium membership which includes regulators, patients, clinicians, and academics.
Exploring knowledge areas offered in project management programs in construction
Creators: name: Nguyen, Long D.
name: Chih, Ying-Yi
name: Borja, García De Soto
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: Construction project management requires various knowledge, skills, techniques, and applications. Therefore, project management (PM) degree programs have to equip future project engineers and managers accordingly. However, literature has provided limited understanding about how extensive these knowledge areas (KAs) have been offered in these degree programs. The goal of this paper is to explore to what extent different KAs are taught in PM Master’s degree programs with emphasis in the construction industry. A survey was conducted with respondents who were academic staff responsible for these programs. Most of these programs under the current study were at institutions located in the U.K. and the U.S.A. Six KAs that had high percentage (50% or more) of construction programs offering more than ten teaching hours were time management and risk management (65%), procurement management, sustainability, and legal and ethical aspects (55%), and cost management (50%). In terms of relative teaching priority within a program, time management, risk management, sustainability, and cost management were frequently the top focus in these programs. Project scope, quality, and stakeholder management had the least teaching priorities among the PM KAs. While relative teaching priorities of many KAs were anticipated, the lowest teaching hours and priorities of project scope and quality management, and occupational safety and health were not expected as they were identified as major competencies for construction graduates.
Exploring Non-Regular Extensions of Propositional Dynamic Logic with Description-Logics Features
Creators: name: Bednarczyk, Bartosz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We investigate the impact of non-regular path expressions on the decidability of satisfiability checking and querying in description logics extending ALC. Our primary objects of interest are ALCreg and ALCvpl, the extensions of with path expressions employing, respectively, regular and visibly-pushdown languages. The first one, ALCreg, is a notational variant of the well-known Propositional Dynamic Logic of Fischer and Ladner. The second one, ALCvpl, was introduced and investigated by Loding and Serre in 2007. The logic ALCvpl generalises many known decidable non-regular extensions of ALCreg.
 We provide a series of undecidability results. First, we show that decidability of the concept satisfiability problem for ALCvpl is lost upon adding the seemingly innocent Self operator. Second, we establish undecidability for the concept satisfiability problem for ALCvpl extended with nominals. Interestingly, our undecidability proof relies only on one single non-regular (visibly-pushdown) language, namely on r#s# := { r^n s^n | n in N } for fixed role names r and s. Finally, in contrast to the classical database setting, we establish undecidability of query entailment for queries involving non-regular atoms from r#s#, already in the case of ALC-TBoxes.
The Japanese version of the national cancer institute’s patient-reported outcomes version of the common terminology criteria for adverse events (Pro-CTCAE): Psychometric validation and discordance between clinician and patient assessments of adverse events
Creators: name: Kawahara, Y.
name: Miyaji, T.
name: Basch, E.
name: Sano, M.
name: Shimodaira, T.
name: Kawaguchi, T.
name: Sano, Y.
name: Ishibashi, K.
name: Azuma, K.
name: Kim, S.
name: Yamaguchi, T.
Publisher: name: Springer
Year: 2018

description: Background: The Patient-Reported Outcomes version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (PRO-CTCAE) was developed by the National Cancer Institute as an adverse event assessment system to evaluate patients’ symptoms, which tend to be underestimated in cancer clinical trials. The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Japanese version of the PRO-CTCAE and the degree of adverse event assessment discordance between clinicians and patients. Methods: A total of 187 cancer patients receiving systemic therapy were enrolled. Reproducibility, criterion validity, and responsiveness of the Japanese version of PROCTCAE were assessed. The EORTC QLQ-C30 was used as an external anchor. Discordance of assessment of adverse events between clinician and patients were also assessed using the CTCAE and PRO-CTCAE. Results: A total of 187 participants (187 for criterion validity, 80 for reproducibility, and 100 for responsiveness), were analyzed (Mage = 62.4 years). All patients responded to at least one symptom item (M = 16). The mean (SD) intra-class correlation coefficients of overall reproducibility for the Japanese PRO-CTCAE was 0.63 (0.02). The correlation coefficient for the corresponding items in the EORTC QLQ-C30 and the Japanese PRO-CTCAE was high (Pearson r =0.56–0.76). The analysis of responsiveness revealed significant dose-response trends (Jonckheere-Terpstra test, ps < 0.001). Depending on the adverse events, a discrepancy was observed in evaluation between the clinician and patient. Conclusions: These results revealed that there is underestimation in the assessment of adverse events in Japan, and that the Japanese version of the PRO-CTCAE had acceptable reliability and validity for common and clinically important symptoms.
Feasibility of implementing the patient-reported outcomes version of the common terminology criteria for adverse events in a multicenter trial: NCCTG N1048
Creators: name: Wind, J.K.
name: Reeve, B.B.
name: Shaw, M.C.
name: Minasian, L.M.
name: Basch, E.
name: Schrag, D.
name: Rogak, L.J.
name: Shi, Q.
name: Heon, N.
name: Meyers, J.P.
name: Ginos, B.
name: Denicoff, A.M.
name: Weiser, M.R.
name: Chang, G.J.
name: Bruner, D.W.
name: Dueck, A.C.
name: Kolevska, T.
name: Nelson, G.D.
name: Mamon, H.J.
name: Mitchell, S.A.
Publisher: name: American Society of Clinical Oncology
Year: 2018

description: Purpose The US National Cancer Institute (NCI) Patient-Reported Outcomes version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (PRO-CTCAE) was developed to enable patient reporting of symptomatic adverse events in oncology clinical research. This study was designed to assess the feasibility and resource requirements associated with implementing PRO-CTCAE in a multicenter trial. Methods Patients with locally advanced rectal cancer enrolled in the National Cancer Institute-sponsored North Central Cancer Treatment Group (Alliance) Preoperative Radiation or Selective Preoperative Radiation and Evaluation before Chemotherapy and Total Mesorectal Excision trial were asked to self-report 30 PRO-CTCAE items weekly from home during preoperative therapy, and every 6 months after surgery, via either the Web or an automated telephone system. If participants did not self-report within 3 days, a central coordinator called them to complete the items. Compliance was defined as the proportion of participants who completed PRO-CTCAE assessments at expected time points. Results The prespecified PRO-CTCAE analysis was conducted after the 500th patient completed the 6-month follow-up (median age, 56 years; 33% female; 12% nonwhite; 43% high school education or less; 5% Spanish speaking), across 165 sites. PRO-CTCAE was reported by participants at 4,491 of 4,882 expected preoperative time points (92.0% compliance), of which 3,771 (77.2%) were selfreported by participants and 720 (14.7%) were collected via central coordinator backup. Compliance at 6-month post-treatment follow-up was 333 of 468 (71.2%), with 122 (26.1%) via backup. Site research associates spent a median of 15 minutes on PRO-CTCAE work for each patient visit. Work by a central coordinator required a 50% time commitment. Conclusion Home-based reporting of PRO-CTCAE in a multicenter trial is feasible, with high patient compliance and low site administrative requirements. PRO-CTCAE data capture is improved through centralized backup calls.
A systematic review of the effect of semaglutide on Lean Mass: insights from clinical trials
Creators: name: Bikou, Alexia
name: Dermiki-Gkana, Foteini
name: Penteris, Michail
name: Constantinides, Theodoros K
name: Kontogiorgis, Christos
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, is associated with significant weight loss, yet its impact on lean body mass remains insufficiently understood. This review investigates the effect of semaglutide on lean mass in the context of obesity management. This study investigates through different databases (PubMed, Elsevier, and Google Scholar) from 2016 for randomized control trials (RCTs) or observational studies that assessed the use of semaglutide in overweight or obese patients, regardless of whether they have type 2 diabetes or not. The studies compared semaglutide to a placebo or alternative medications. Six studies with 1,541 overweight or obese adults were included and significant weight reductions were observed primarily due to fat mass loss. While lean mass remained stable in some cases, notable reductions ranging from almost 0% to 40% of total weight reduction were observed in others. Noteworthy decreases in lean mass were particularly evident in larger trials, yet the proportion of lean mass relative to total body mass increased, suggesting a positive overall outcome. Semaglutide displays potential for weight loss primarily through fat mass reduction. However, concerns arise from notable reductions in lean mass, especially in trials with larger number of patients.
Asymptotically entropy-conservative and kinetic-energy preserving numerical fluxes for compressible Euler equations
Creators: name: De Michele, Carlo
name: Coppola, Gennaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper proposes a hierarchy of numerical fluxes for the compressible flow equations which are kinetic-energy and pressure equilibrium preserving and asymptotically entropy conservative, i.e., they are able to arbitrarily reduce the numerical error on entropy production due to the spatial discretization. The fluxes are based on the use of the harmonic mean for internal energy and only use algebraic operations, making them less computationally expensive than the entropy-conserving fluxes based on the logarithmic mean. The use of the geometric mean is also explored and identified to be well-suited to reduce errors on entropy evolution. Results of numerical tests confirmed the theoretical predictions and the entropy-conserving capabilities of a selection of schemes have been compared.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures