cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in HIV Prevention; Current Status and Future Directions: A Summary of the DAIDS and BMGF Sponsored Think Tank on Pharmacokinetics (PK)/Pharmacodynamics (PD) in HIV Prevention
Creators: name: Becker, Stephen
name: Romano, Joseph
name: Turpin, Jim
name: Kashuba, Angela
name: Cummins, James
name: Veronese, Fulvia
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Thirty years after its beginning, the HIV/AIDS epidemic is still raging around the world. According to UNAIDS, in 2011 alone 1.7M deaths were attributable to AIDS, and 2.5M people were newly infected by the virus. Despite the success in treating HIV-infected people with potent antiretroviral drugs, preventing HIV infection is the key to ending the epidemic. Recently, the efficacy of topical and systemic antiviral chemoprophylaxis (i.e., preexposure prophylaxis or “PrEP”), using the same drugs used for HIV treatment, has been demonstrated in a number of clinical trials. However, results from other trials have been inconsistent, especially those evaluating PrEP in women. These inconsistencies may result from our incomplete understanding of pharmacokinetics (PK)/pharmacodynamics (PD) at the mucosal sites of sexual transmission: the male and female gastrointestinal and reproductive tracts. The drug concentrations used in these trials were derived from those used for treatment; however, we still do not know the relationship between the therapeutic and the preventive dose. This article presents the first comprehensive review of the available data in the HIV pharmacology field from animal models to human studies, and outlines gaps, challenges, and future directions. Addressing these pharmacological gaps and challenges will be critical in selecting and advancing future PrEP candidates and strategies with the greatest impact on the HIV epidemic.
title: Diagnostic characteristics of the upper bronchi in bronchial isomerism by using 3D-CT
Creators: name: Otsuji, Hideaki
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Lung
subject: Anatomy
subject: Foetal imaging
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Image manipulation / Reconstruction
subject: CT
subject: Computer Applications-3D
subject: Normal variants
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Congenital
subject: Foetus

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: We aimed to clarify the diagnostic characteristics of bronchial isomerism by using three-dimensional CT, focusing on the anatomical relation between the eparterial or hyparterial bronchi and its corresponding pulmonary artery based on...
Additional file 1 of Patterns of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella isolates from fattening pigs in Spain
Creators: name: Teng, Kendy Tzu-yun
name: Aerts, Marc
name: Jaspers, Stijn
name: Ugarte-Ruiz, Maria
name: Moreno, Miguel A.
name: Saez, Jose Luis
name: Collado, Soledad
name: de Frutos, Cristina
name: Dominguez, Lucas
name: Alvarez, Julio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Additional file 1.
Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of Raltegravir in a Diverse Cohort of HIV-Infected Patients: 48-Week Results from the REALMRK Study
Creators: name: Bekker, Linda Gail
name: Eron, Joseph J.
name: Lu, Chengxing
name: Wenning, Larissa A.
name: Mounzer, Karam
name: Rockstroh, Juergen K.
name: Strohmaier, Kim M.
name: Campo, Rafael E.
name: Thompson, Melanie
name: Marquez, Farid
name: Kumar, Princy
name: Nguyen, Bach Yen T.
name: Jackson, Beth E.
name: Rodgers, Anthony
name: Squires, Kathleen E.
name: Robertson, Michael
name: Sklar, Peter
name: Cheng, Benjamin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: The racial diversity and gender distribution of HIV-infected patients make it essential to confirm the safety and efficacy of raltegravir in these populations. A multicenter, open-label, single-arm observational study was conducted in a diverse cohort of HIV-infected patients (goals: ≥25% women; ≥50% blacks in the United States), enrolling treatment-experienced patients failing or intolerant to current antiretroviral therapy (ART) and treatment-naive patients (limited to ≤20%). All patients received raltegravir 400 mg b.i.d. in a combination antiretroviral regimen for up to 48 weeks. A total of 206 patients received study treatment at 34 sites in the United States, Brazil, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, and South Africa: 97 (47%) were female and 153 (74%) were black [116 (56%) in the United States]. Of these, 185 patients were treatment experienced: 97 (47%) were failing and 88 (43%) were intolerant to current therapy; 21 patients (10%) were treatment naive. Among treatment-intolerant patients, 55 (63%) had HIV-1 RNA<50 copies/ml at baseline. Overall, 15% of patients discontinued: 13% of men, 18% of women, 14% of blacks, and 17% of nonblacks. At week 48, HIV RNA was <50 copies/ml in 60/94 (64%) patients failing prior therapy, 61/80 (76%) patients intolerant to prior therapy, and 16/21 (76%) treatment-naive patients. Response rates were similar for men vs. women and black vs. nonblack patients. Drug-related clinical adverse events were reported by 8% of men, 18% of women, 14% of blacks, and 9% of nonblacks. After 48 weeks of treatment in a diverse cohort of HIV-infected patients, raltegravir was generally safe and well tolerated with potent efficacy regardless of gender or race.
Practical Quantum Repeaters with Parametric Down-Conversion Sources
Creators: name: Krovi, Hari
name: Guha, Saikat
name: Dutton, Zachary
name: Slater, Joshua A.
name: Simon, Christoph
name: Tittel, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Conventional wisdom suggests that realistic quantum repeaters will require quasi-deterministic sources of entangled photon pairs. In contrast, we here study a quantum repeater architecture that uses simple parametric down-conversion sources, as well as frequency-multiplexed multimode quantum memories and photon-number resolving detectors. We show that this approach can significantly extend quantum communication distances compared to direct transmission. This shows that important trade-offs are possible between the different components of quantum repeater architectures.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
Short Communication: HIV Type 1 Subtype C Variants Transmitted Through the Bottleneck of Breastfeeding Are Sensitive to New Generation Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies Directed Against Quaternary and CD4-Binding Site Epitopes
Creators: name: Permar, Sallie R.
name: Swanstrom, Ronald
name: Fouda, Genevieve G.
name: Meshnick, Steven R.
name: Montefiori, David
name: Ojeda, Suany
name: Russell, Elizabeth S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 subtype C can occur in utero, intrapartum, or via breast milk exposure. While not well understood, there are putative differences in the mechanisms involved with the distinct routes of vertical HIV transmission. Here, we address the question of whether specific viral characteristics are common to variants transmitted through breastfeeding that may facilitate evasion of innate or adaptive immune responses. We amplified the envelope gene (env) from the plasma of six infants during acute infection who were infected with HIV-1 subtype C through breastfeeding, and from three available matched maternal samples. We sequenced the full-length env genes in these subjects revealing heterogeneous viral populations in the mothers and homogeneous populations in the infants. In five infants, the viral population arose from a single variant, while two variants were detected in the remaining infant. Infant env sequences had fewer N-linked glycosylation sites and shorter sequences than those of the available matched maternal samples. Though the small size of the study precluded our ability to test statistical significance, these results are consistent with selection for virus with shorter variable loops and fewer glycosylation sites during transmission of HIV-1 subtype C in other settings. Transmitted envs were resistant to neutralization by antibodies 2G12 and 2F5, but were generally sensitive to the more broadly neutralizing PG9, PG16, and VRC01, indicating that this new generation of broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies could be efficacious in passive immunization strategies.
Short Communication: Lack of Occult HIV Infection Among Non-AIDS-Defining Cancer Patients in Three Academic Oncology Clinics in the United States
Creators: name: Johnson, Derek C.
name: Porter, Donna C.
name: Eron, Joseph J.
name: Shrestha, Sadeep
name: Saag, Michael S.
name: Mathews, William C.
name: Napravnik, Sonia
name: Reid, Erin
name: Palchinsky, Jill
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) testing recommendations suggest universal opt-out testing in all health care settings, including cancer clinics. The incidence of non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs) is on the rise among HIV patients. However, to date, no data exist on the prevalence of HIV infection among NADC patients in the United States. Knowledge of HIV infection may affect clinical management, prognosis, and overall patient survival and decrease new infections in the population. The purpose of this study was to determine the point seroprevalence of HIV infection in cancer patients being seen in medical oncology clinics. A total of 634 individuals (mean age=53.2 years) participated and were tested for HIV. None of the participants tested positive for HIV in any of the three clinics. Using a futility analysis, the upper end of the 95% confidence interval for prevalence of undiagnosed HIV in cancer patients was less than 0.3%. Most participants were female (59.2%) and non-Hispanic (96.6%). The majority of study participants were white (76.5%) or African-American (17.7%). Breast cancer (19.7%), colon cancer (10.3%), and melanoma (9.7%) were the most commonly reported non-AIDS-defining cancers. While our study suggested that there was no occurrence of undiagnosed HIV among NADC patients, it is important to note that our population was largely white, females with insurance and with a different distribution of cancer than the most prevalent NADC among HIV patients. Furthermore, one-third of the patients did not consent to participate and further studies are needed to assess reasons for their unwillingness along with other populations, specifically minorities and individuals with low socioeconomic status (SES).
title: Post-mortem CT of the pelvis for sex determination in the Lybian migrant shipwreck
Creators: name: Scopelliti, Laura
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Forensic / Necropsy studies
subject: Pelvis
subject: CT
subject: Comparative studies
subject: Forensics

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: In the deadliest Mediterranean shipwreck that involved about 700 migrants in April 2015, Italian Antropologists and Coroners were asked to identify the victims. Postmortem CT(PMCT) is well suited for the personal identification process and may offer...
Fachkräfteeinwanderung
Creators: name: Sparschuh, Olga
Publisher: name: Universität Osnabrück
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fachkräftemangel
subject: Einwanderung
subject: Zuwanderung
subject: Qualifikation
subject: Arbeitsmigration
subject: Migrationspolitik
subject: 300 - Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie
subject: 02.00 - Wissenschaft und Kultur allgemein: Allgemeines

description: Der Beitrag zeichnet das Lavieren um Begriffe zur Bezeichnung von Arbeitsmigration in die Bundesrepublik seit dem Ende der sogenannten Gastarbeit bis zum gegenwärtig geläufigen Terminus Fachkräfteeinwanderung nach. Familiennachzug als Folge der Arbeitskräfteanwerbung der 1950er bis 1970er Jahre und Fluchtmigration führten in den 1980er Jahren zu einer kontroversen Diskussion um die Frage, ob Deutschland ein ‚Einwanderungsland‘ sei. Daraus resultierte eine immer restriktivere Migrationspolitik. Erst seit der Jahrtausendwende wird in einzelnen Branchen eine neuerliche Anwerbung propagiert, die politisch aber zunächst als Ausnahme gelabelt wurde. Im Vergleich zu anderen Wanderungsbewegungen wird die ‚neue‘ Arbeitsmigration seither als ‚erwünscht‘ und ‚nützlich‘ bezeichnet und durch den Bedarf an Arbeitskräften, die Qualifikation der Ankommenden und die Möglichkeit der Steuerung legitimiert. Zentrale Begriffsschöpfungen von Politik und Wirtschaft bezeichnen spezifische Maßnahmenkataloge wie die *Green Card* von 2000, das Zuwanderungsgesetz von 2004, die Fachkräfte-Offensive von 2013 und das Fachkräfteeinwanderungsgesetz von 2019. In dieser Diskussion erscheint die Anwerbung von qualifizierten Arbeitskräften im Ausland zunehmend als alternativlos für die Linderung des ‚Fachkräftemangels‘. Dass der deutsche Arbeitsmarkt auch gering qualifizierte ausländische Kräfte benötigt oder welche Folgen die gleichzeitige ‚Fachkräfteabwanderung‘ für die Herkunftsländer hat, wird dagegen kaum thematisiert.
title: Diagnostic accuracy of biparametric vs multiparametric MRI in prostate cancer local staging
Creators: name: Gentile, Francesco
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Oncology
subject: Pelvis
subject: Genital / Reproductive system male
subject: MR
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: Computer Applications-Detection, diagnosis
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Staging
subject: Pathology
subject: Cancer
subject: Neoplasia

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: MRI diagnostic performance in detection of prostate cancer is widely demonstrated although MR in local staging is still debated. Our aim was to compare the performance of biparametric (T2WI+DWI) and multiparametric MRI (T2WI+DWI+DCE) in prostate...
(100975) Timothy William Egglestone
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Constraint on a varying proton-to-electron mass ratio from molecular hydrogen absorption toward quasar SDSS J123714.60+064759.5
Creators: name: Daprà, M.
name: Bagdonaite, J.
name: Murphy, M. T.
name: Ubachs, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular hydrogen transitions in the sub-damped Lyman alpha absorber at redshift z = 2.69, toward the background quasar SDSS J123714.60+064759.5, were analyzed in order to search for a possible variation of the proton-to-electron mass ratio mu over a cosmological time-scale. The system is composed of three absorbing clouds where 137 H2 and HD absorption features were detected. The observations were taken with the Very Large Telescope/Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph with a signal-to-noise ratio of 32 per 2.5 km/s pixel, covering the wavelengths from 356.6 to 409.5 nm. A comprehensive fitting method was used to fit all the absorption features at once. Systematic effects of distortions to the wavelength calibrations were analyzed in detail from measurements of asteroid and `solar twin' spectra, and were corrected for. The final constraint on the relative variation in mu between the absorber and the current laboratory value is dmu/mu = (-5.4 \pm 6.3 stat \pm 4.0 syst) x 10^(-6), consistent with no variation over a look-back time of 11.4 Gyrs.
description: 19 pages, 15 figures, to be published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Summing free unitary Brownian motions with applications to quantum information
Creators: name: Demni, Nizar
name: Hamdi, Tarek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Motivated by quantum information theory, we introduce a dynamical random state built out of the sum of $k \geq 2$ independent unitary Brownian motions. In the large size limit, its spectral distribution equals, up to a normalising factor, that of the free Jacobi process associated with a single self-adjoint projection with trace $1/k$. Using free stochastic calculus, we extend this equality to the radial part of the free average of $k$ free unitary Brownian motions and to the free Jacobi process associated with two self-adjoint projections with trace $1/k$, provided the initial distributions coincide. In the single projection case, we derive a binomial-type expansion of the moments of the free Jacobi process which extends to any $k \geq 3$ the one derived in \cite {DHH} in the special case $k=2$. Doing so give rise to a non normal (except for $k=2$) operator arising from the splitting of a self-adjoint projection into the convex sum of $k$ unitary operators. This binomial expansion is then used to derive a pde for the moment generating function of this non normal operator and for which we determine the corresponding characteristic curves.
description: The characteristic curves are determined
The link between disc dispersal by photoevaporation and the semi-major axis distribution of exoplanets
Creators: name: Ercolano, Barbara
name: Rosotti, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the influence of photoevaporation of protoplanetary discs on the final distribution of exoplanets semi-major axis distances. We model giant planet migration in viscous discs affected by photoevaporation driven by either pure EUV or soft X-ray radiation (XEUV). We show that the final exoplanet distributions are strongly dependant on the choice of the photoevaporation model. In particular, we find that XEUV is more efficient than pure EUV radiation at parking planets at approximately 1-2 AU distance from their central star, hence roughly reproducing the observed peak in the exoplanets semi-major axis distributions. We note however that a more quantitative comparison with the observations is hindered by the oversimplified treatment of planetary accretion, which severely affects migration rates. For this reason, caution should be used when using these models to constrain details of disc clearing and/or migration from the observations. Nevertheless our results indicate that disc dispersal by photoevaporation may be the main driver of the features in the exoplanets semi-major axis distribution observed by recent surveys.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, accepted by MNRAS
title: DCE-CT in lung cancer: perfusion characterisation of adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma subtypes
Creators: name: Baiocco, Serena
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Lung
subject: Oncology
subject: Computer applications
subject: CT
subject: CT-Quantitative
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Cancer
subject: Neoplasia
subject: Tissue characterisation

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Angiogenesis is a complex mechanism characterised by the growth of new blood vessels by vessel co-option [1]. The upregulation of this key feature of the cancer growth is dramatically linked to metastases diffusion and adverse prognosis...
Traveling surface spin-wave resonance spectroscopy using surface acoustic waves
Creators: name: Gowtham, Praveen G.
name: Moriyama, Takahiro
name: Ralph, Daniel C.
name: Buhrman, Robert A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coherent gigahertz-frequency surface acoustic waves (SAWs) traveling on the surface of a piezoelectric crystal can, via the magnetoelastic interaction, resonantly excite traveling spin waves in an adjacent thin-film ferromagnet. These excited spin waves, traveling with a definite in-plane wave-vector q enforced by the SAW, can be detected by measuring changes in the electro-acoustical transmission of a SAW delay line. Here, we provide a first demonstration that such measurements constitute a precise and quantitative technique for spin-wave spectroscopy, providing a means to determine both isotropic and anisotropic contributions to the spin-wave dispersion and damping. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this spectroscopic technique by measuring the spin-wave properties of a Ni thin film for a large range of wave vectors,q = 2.5 x 10^4 - 8 x 10^4 cm^(-1), over which anisotropic dipolar interactions vary from being negligible to quite significant.
description: 29 pages with 8 figures
Phase transition threshold and stability of magnetic skyrmions
Creators: name: Ibrahim, Slim
name: Shimizu, Ikkei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35B38, 35Q60, 35J61

description: We examine the stability of vortex-like configuration of magnetization in magnetic materials, so-called the magnetic skyrmion. These correspond to critical points of the Landau-Lifshitz energy with the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interactions. In an earlier work of the Döring and Melcher, it is known that the skyrmion is a ground state when the coefficient of the DM term is small. In this paper, we prove that there is an explicit critical value of the coefficient above which the skyrmion is unstable, while stable below this threshold. Moreover, we show that in the unstable regime, the infimum of energy is not bounded below, by giving an explicit counterexample with a sort of helical configuration. This mathematically explains the occurrence of phase transition observed in some experiments.
description: 12 pages
Spinodals with Disorder: from Avalanches in Random Magnets to Glassy Dynamics
Creators: name: Nandi, Saroj Kumar
name: Biroli, Giulio
name: Tarjus, Gilles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the phenomenon of spinodals in the presence of quenched disorder and develop a complete theory for it. We focus on the spinodal of an Ising model in a quenched random field (RFIM), which has applications in many areas from materials to social science. By working at zero temperature in the quasi-statically driven RFIM, thermal fluctuations are eliminated and one can give a rigorous content to the notion of spinodal. We show that the latter is due to the depinning and the subsequent expansion of rare droplets. We work out the associated critical behavior, which, in any finite dimension, is very different from the mean-field one: the characteristic length diverges exponentially and the thermodynamic quantities display very mild nonanalyticities much like in a Griffith phenomenon. From the recently established connection between the spinodal of the RFIM and glassy dynamics, our results also allow us to conclusively assess the physical content and the status of the dynamical transition predicted by the mean-field theory of glass-forming liquids.
description: Published version: Total 7 pages including 2 pages of supplemental material
The Design of Single-Arm Clinical Trials of Combination Antiretroviral Regimens for Treatment-Naive HIV-Infected Patients
Creators: name: Rosenkranz, Susan L.
name: Hughes, Michael D.
name: Eron, Joseph J.
name: Taiwo, Babafemi
name: Zheng, Lu
name: Para, Michael F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Single-arm clinical trials are useful to evaluate antiretroviral regimens in certain populations of HIV-infected treatment-naive patients for whom a randomized controlled trial is not feasible or desirable. They can also be useful to establish initial estimates of efficacy and safety/tolerability of novel regimens to inform the design of large phase III trials. In this article, we discuss key design considerations for such single-arm studies.
Tensor-reduced atomic density representations
Creators: name: Darby, James P.
name: Kovács, Dávid P.
name: Batatia, Ilyes
name: Caro, Miguel A.
name: Hart, Gus L. W.
name: Ortner, Christoph
name: Csányi, Gábor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Density based representations of atomic environments that are invariant under Euclidean symmetries have become a widely used tool in the machine learning of interatomic potentials, broader data-driven atomistic modelling and the visualisation and analysis of materials datasets.The standard mechanism used to incorporate chemical element information is to create separate densities for each element and form tensor products between them. This leads to a steep scaling in the size of the representation as the number of elements increases. Graph neural networks, which do not explicitly use density representations, escape this scaling by mapping the chemical element information into a fixed dimensional space in a learnable way. We recast this approach as tensor factorisation by exploiting the tensor structure of standard neighbour density based descriptors. In doing so, we form compact tensor-reduced representations whose size does not depend on the number of chemical elements, but remain systematically convergeable and are therefore applicable to a wide range of data analysis and regression tasks.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
title: Post-mortem CT body height estimation from long limb bones and scapular measurements in shipwrecked migrants
Creators: name: Di Piazza, Ambra
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Forensic / Necropsy studies
subject: CT
subject: Comparative studies
subject: Epidemiology

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: After a masscasualty,all victims have to be accurately identified for juridical reasons and for the relatives' sake.Stature is one of the most important component of the biological identity that can be evaluated from the skeleton because it has a...
Age at Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation Predicts Immune Recovery, Death, and Loss to Follow-Up Among HIV-Infected Adults in Urban Zambia
Creators: name: Stringer, Jeffrey S.A.
name: Goma, Fastone M.
name: Joseph, Jessica
name: Vinikoor, Michael J.
name: Mwale, Jonas
name: Marx, Melissa A.
name: Eron, Joseph J.
name: Chi, Benjamin H.
name: Mulenga, Lloyd B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: We analyzed the association of age at antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation with CD4+ T cell count recovery, death, and loss to follow-up (LTFU) among HIV-infected adults in Zambia. We compared baseline characteristics of patients by sex and age at ART initiation [categorized as 16–29 years, 30–39 years, 40–49 years, 50–59 years, and 60 years and older]. We used the medication possession ratio to assess adherence and analysis of covariance to measure the adjusted change in CD4+ T cell count during ART. Using Cox proportional hazard regression, we examined the association of age with death and LTFU. In a secondary analysis, we repeated models with age as a continuous variable. Among 92,130 HIV-infected adults who initiated ART, the median age was 34 years and 6,281 (6.8%) were aged ≥50 years. Compared with 16–29 year olds, 40–49 year olds (–46 cells/mm3), 50–59 year olds (–53 cells/mm3), and 60+ year olds (–60 cells/mm3) had reduced CD4+ T cell gains during ART. The adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) for death was increased for individuals aged ≥40 years (AHR 1.25 for 40–49 year olds, 1.56 for 50–59 year olds, and 2.97 for 60+ year olds). Adherence and retention in care were poorest among 16–29 year olds but similar in other groups. As a continuous variable, a 5-year increase in age predicted reduced CD4+ T cell count recovery and increased risk of death. Increased age at ART initiation was associated with poorer clinical outcomes, while age <30 years was associated with a higher likelihood of being lost to follow-up. HIV treatment guidelines should consider age-specific recommendations.
Driving alkali Rydberg transitions with a phase-modulated optical lattice
Creators: name: Cardman, Ryan
name: Raithel, Georg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop and demonstrate a spectroscopic method for Rydberg-Rydberg transitions using a phase-controlled and -modulated, standing-wave laser field focused on a cloud of cold $^{85}$Rb Rydberg atoms. The method is based on the ponderomotive (${\bf{A}}^2$) interaction of the Rydberg electron, which has less-restrictive selection rules than electric-dipole couplings, allowing us to probe both $nS_{1/2}\rightarrow nP_{1/2}$ and $nS_{1/2}\rightarrow (n+1)S_{1/2}$ transitions in first-order. Without any need to increase laser power, third and fourth-order sub-harmonic drives are employed to access Rydberg transitions in the 40 to 70 GHz frequency range using widely-available optical phase modulators in the Ku-band (12 to 18 GHz). Measurements agree well with simulations based on the model we develop. The spectra have prominent Doppler-free, Fourier-limited components. The method paves the way for optical Doppler-free high-precision spectroscopy of Rydberg-Rydberg transitions and for spatially-selective qubit manipulation with $μ$m-scale resolution in Rydberg-based simulators and quantum computers.
Additional file 5 of Patterns of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella isolates from fattening pigs in Spain
Creators: name: Teng, Kendy Tzu-yun
name: Aerts, Marc
name: Jaspers, Stijn
name: Ugarte-Ruiz, Maria
name: Moreno, Miguel A.
name: Saez, Jose Luis
name: Collado, Soledad
name: de Frutos, Cristina
name: Dominguez, Lucas
name: Alvarez, Julio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Additional file 5.
title: CT-virtopsy: an effective support to post-mortem evaluation in people involved in mass disasters - our experience
Creators: name: Scopelliti, Laura
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Forensic / Necropsy studies
subject: Emergency
subject: CT
subject: Computer Applications-3D
subject: Computer Applications-General
subject: Computer Applications-Detection, diagnosis
subject: Forensics
subject: Epidemiology

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: CT-virtopsy (CT-v), always more requested by authorities in medico-legal investigation, is a valid support as pre-autoptic evaluation in mass...
Cell Segmentation with Uncertainty-Aware Contour Proposal Networks
Creators: name: Upschulte, Eric
name: Harmeling, Stefan
name: Amunts, Katrin
name: Dickscheid, Timo
Publisher: name: Forschungzentrum Jülich
Year: 2023

description: Organization for Human Brain Mapping, OHBM, Montréal, Canada, 22 Jul 2023 - 26 Jul 2023
title: The STAR (Suspicion-Type-Age-Response of biopsy) score: a new B3 risk stratification score for ultrasound-detected B3 breast lesions
Creators: name: Rella, Rossella
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Breast
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Biopsy

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Lesions of uncertain malignant potential (B3) are a heterogeneous group of lesions with “unknown biological potential” and includes lesions that may provide benign histology on biopsy but are recognized to show heterogeneity and may harbour...
Short Communication: Cheminformatics Analysis to Identify Predictors of Antiviral Drug Penetration into the Female Genital Tract
Creators: name: Nicol, Melanie R.
name: Muratov, Eugene
name: Sedykh, Alexander
name: Fourches, Denis
name: Thompson, Corbin G.
name: Tropsha, Alexander
name: Kashuba, Angela D.M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The exposure of oral antiretroviral (ARV) drugs in the female genital tract (FGT) is variable and almost unpredictable. Identifying an efficient method to find compounds with high tissue penetration would streamline the development of regimens for both HIV preexposure prophylaxis and viral reservoir targeting. Here we describe the cheminformatics investigation of diverse drugs with known FGT penetration using cluster analysis and quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSAR) modeling. A literature search over the 1950–2012 period identified 58 compounds (including 21 ARVs and representing 13 drug classes) associated with their actual concentration data for cervical or vaginal tissue, or cervicovaginal fluid. Cluster analysis revealed significant trends in the penetrative ability for certain chemotypes. QSAR models to predict genital tract concentrations normalized to blood plasma concentrations were developed with two machine learning techniques utilizing drugs' molecular descriptors and pharmacokinetic parameters as inputs. The QSAR model with the highest predictive accuracy had R2test=0.47. High volume of distribution, high MRP1 substrate probability, and low MRP4 substrate probability were associated with FGT concentrations ≥1.5-fold plasma concentrations. However, due to the limited FGT data available, prediction performances of all models were low. Despite this limitation, we were able to support our findings by correctly predicting the penetration class of rilpivirine and dolutegravir. With more data to enrich the models, we believe these methods could potentially enhance the current approach of clinical testing.
(100976) Ann Russell Page
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Additional file 7 of Patterns of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella isolates from fattening pigs in Spain
Creators: name: Teng, Kendy Tzu-yun
name: Aerts, Marc
name: Jaspers, Stijn
name: Ugarte-Ruiz, Maria
name: Moreno, Miguel A.
name: Saez, Jose Luis
name: Collado, Soledad
name: de Frutos, Cristina
name: Dominguez, Lucas
name: Alvarez, Julio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Additonal file 7.
MEBRAINS 1.0: a new population-based macaque atlas
Creators: name: Balan, Puiu F
name: Zhu, Qi
name: Li, Xiaolian
name: Niu, Meiqi
name: Rapan, Lucija
name: Funck, Thomas
name: Bakker, Rembrandt
name: Palomero-Gallagher, Nicola
name: Vanduffel, Wim
Publisher: name: Forschungzentrum Jülich
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 570

description: bioRxiv beta (2023). doi:10.1101/2023.06.21.545953
description: Due to their fundamental relevance, the number of anatomical macaque brain templates is constantly growing. Novel templates aim to alleviate limitations of previously published atlases and offer the foundation to integrate multiscale multimodal data. Typical limitations of existing templates include their reliance on one subject, their unimodality (usually only T1 or histological images), or lack of anatomical details. The MEBRAINS template overcomes these limitations by using a combination of T1 and T2 images, from the same 10 animals (Macaca mulatta), which are averaged by the multi-brain toolbox for diffeomorphic registration and segmentation. The resulting volumetric T1 and T2 templates are supplemented with high quality white and gray matter surfaces built with FreeSurfer. Human-curated segmentations of pial surface, white/gray matter interface and major subcortical nuclei were used to analyse the relative quality of the MEBRAINS template. Recently published 3D maps of the macaque inferior parietal lobe and (pre)motor cortex were warped to the MEBRAINS surface template, thus populating it with a parcellation scheme based on cyto- and receptor architectonic analyses. Finally, 9 CT scans of the same monkeys were registered to the T1 modality and co-registered to the template. Through its main features (multi-subject, multi-modal, volume-and-surface, traditional and deep learning-based segmentations), MEBRAINS aims to improve integration of multi-modal multi-scale macaque data and is quantitatively equal or better compared to currently widely used macaque templates. The template is integrated in the EBRAINS and Scalable Brain Atlas web-based infrastructures, each of which comes with its own suite of spatial registration tools.
description: Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, NY, Cold Spring Harbor
title: Radiological evaluation of bone regeneration in revision hip surgery with collagen-hydroxyapatite composite biomaterial
Creators: name: Tonetti, Laura
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal bone
subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: Musculoskeletal system
subject: CT
subject: CT-High Resolution
subject: Digital radiography
subject: Surgery
subject: Prostheses
subject: Tissue characterisation

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: To determine a method of radiological assessment and quantification of new bone formation in revision hip arthroplasty and repair acetabulum’s defect using a collagen-hydroxyapatite composite biomimetic...
Short Communication: Late Refills During the First Year of Antiretroviral Therapy Predict Mortality and Program Failure Among HIV-Infected Adults in Urban Zambia
Creators: name: Vinikoor, Michael J.
name: Musonda, Patrick
name: Chi, Benjamin H.
name: Hachaambwa, Lottie M.
name: Li, Michelle
name: Schuttner, Linnaea
name: Stringer, Jeffrey S.A.
name: Moyo, Crispin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: We evaluated the association of the number of late antiretroviral therapy (ART) refills with patient outcomes in a large public-sector human immunodeficiency virus treatment program in Lusaka, Zambia. Using pharmacy data routinely collected during 2004–2010, we calculated the number of late refills during the initial year of ART. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression to examine the association between the number of late refills and death or program failure (i.e., death, loss to follow-up, or program withdrawal) >12 months after ART initiation, with and without stratification by the medication possession ratio (MPR) during the initial year of ART. Of 53,015 adults who received ART for ≥12 months (median follow-up duration, 86.1 months; interquartile range, 53.2–128.2 months), 26,847 (50.6%) had 0 late refills, 16,762 (31.6%) had 1, 6,505 (12.3%) had 2, and 2,901 (5.5%) had ≥3. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that ≥3 late refills was associated with a greater mortality risk than 1 and 2 late refills (p<0.001, by the log-rank test). The mortality risk was greater for patients with 2 late refills [adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 1.17; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.99–1.38] or ≥3 late refills (adjusted HR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.23–1.87), compared with that for patients with 0–1 late refills. Program failure was associated with ≥2 late refills. An MPR of <80% was associated with similar increases in mortality risk across late-refill strata. Monitoring late refills during the initial period of ART may help resource- and time-constrained clinics identify patients at risk for program failure.
title: An experimental experience on artificial model of unexploded bullets: our results
Creators: name: Scopelliti, Laura
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Forensic / Necropsy studies
subject: Computer applications
subject: CT
subject: Experimental investigations
subject: Medico-legal issues
subject: Computer Applications-3D
subject: Forensics
subject: Artifacts

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: CT is able to of describe number and final placement of the bullets, even if warped and fragmented, entrance and, if present, exit wound, bullet trajectory, and details such parenchyma lacerations or damage, bones fractures, etc. In our study we...
Solar Diffraction of LIGO-Band Gravitational Waves
Creators: name: Jung, Sunghoon
name: Kim, Sungjung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that chirping gravitational waves in the LIGO frequency band $f=1 - 5000$ Hz can be gravitationally diffracted by the Sun, due to the coincidence of its Fresnel length $r_F \propto \sqrt{1\, {\rm AU}/f}$ and the solar radius $r_\odot$. This solar diffraction is detectable through its frequency-dependent amplification of the wave, albeit with low event rates. We also advocate that solar diffraction allows probing the inner solar profile with the chirping evolution of frequencies. Along the course, we develop diffractive lensing in terms of simple convergence and shear of a lens and emphasize the relevance of high-frequency regimes including merger and ringdown phases for detection. This work not only presents an interesting opportunity with ongoing and future LIGO-band missions but also develops the diffractive lensing of long-wavelength waves in the universe. A similar phenomenon can also help discover non-relativistic wave dark matter, as studied in a sequel.
description: 22 pages, 10 figures
(100977) Thomas Egglestone
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
A Bespoke Single-Band Hubbard Model Material
Creators: name: Griffin, S. M.
name: Staar, P.
name: Schulthess, T. C.
name: Troyer, M.
name: Spaldin, N. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Hubbard model, which augments independent-electron band theory with a single parameter to describe electron-electron correlations, is widely regarded to be the `standard model' of condensed matter physics. The model has been remarkably successful at addressing a range of correlation effects in solids, but beyond one dimension its solution is intractable. Much current research aims, therefore, at finding appropriate approximations to the Hubbard model phase diagram. Here we take the new approach of using ab initio electronic structure methods to design a material whose Hamiltonian is that of the single-band Hubbard model. Solution of the Hubbard model will then be available through measurement of the material's properties. After identifying an appropriate crystal class and several appropriate chemistries, we use density functional theory and dynamical mean-field theory to screen for the desired electronic band structure and metal-insulator transition. We then explore the most promising candidates for structural stability and suitability for doping and propose specific materials for subsequent synthesis. Finally, we identify a regime -- that should manifest in our bespoke material -- in which the single-band Hubbard model on a triangular lattice exhibits exotic d-wave superconductivity.
Kerr-Newman black holes from $\mathcal{N}=1^*$
Creators: name: Amariti, Antonio
name: Segati, Alessia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The microstate counting of charged rotating AdS$_5$ supersymmetric black holes has been reformulated in terms of an extremization problem, obtained from the superconformal index of the 4d dual SCFT. On the gravitational side this problem corresponds to the attractor mechanism of the theory KK reduced on AdS$_4$. Such procedure has indeed been successfully applied to some consistent truncations with a known field theory dual description. In this paper we study the case of the Leigh-Strassler fixed point along these lines, finding an agreement between the field theory and the gravitational results.
description: 32 pages
Additional file 1 of Development and internal validation of a machine learning prediction model for low back pain non-recovery in patients with an acute episode consulting a physiotherapist in primary care
Creators: name: Knoop, J.
name: van Lankveld, W.
name: Beijer, L.
name: Geerdink, F. J. B.
name: Heymans, M. W.
name: Hoogeboom, T. J.
name: Hoppenbrouwers, S.
name: van Overmeeren, E.
name: Soer, R.
name: Veenhof, C.
name: Vissers, K. C. P.
name: van der Wees, P. J.
name: Sappelli, M.
name: Staal, J. B.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Strobe checklist.