Paracloeodes binodulus Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty 1996
Creators: name: Cruz, Paulo Vilela
name: Salles, Frederico Falcão
name: Hamada, Neusa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Ephemeroptera
Baetidae
Paracloeodes
Paracloeodes binodulus

description: Paracloeodes binodulus Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty
(Figures 6–7)
Paracloeodes binodulus Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty 1996: 163; Domínguez et al. 2006: 170; Nieto & Salles 2006: 9.
Diagnoses. Male imago. 1) stigmatic area of forewing opaque (Fig. 6J); 2) hind wing absent; 3) abdominal sternum I with brown pigmentation over surface, sterna II–VII with pair of sigilla brownish, sternum V with two brown marks laterally (Figs 6G– 6I); 4) posterior margin of styliger plate convex, with pointed or rounded spine medially (Figs 6K–6N); 5) posterior margin of styliger plate without protuberance projected ventrally (Figs 6K– 6N).
Mature nymph. 1) frons with two keels (Fig. 6E); 2) distal, distolateral and lateral margin with bifid and pectinate setae; 3) right mandible with incisors cleft; 4) segment II of labial palpi with rounded distomedial projection, 2.2–2.5× width of segment III; 5) hind wing pads absent; 6) mesonotum with pair of tubercles (Fig. 6F); 7) anterior surface of forefemur with two rows of setae near ventral margin, one with robust setae and other with short and stout setae (Fig. 7C); 8) anterior surface of foretibia with two rows of long and robust setae (Fig. 7C); 9) anterior surface of foretarsus without setae (Fig. 7C); 10) ventral margin of foretarsus with one row of robust, pectinate and stout setae (Fig. 7C); 11) tarsal claw 0.5× length of tarsus; 12) cercus with posterior margin of segments with spines on each segment, and long spines on every two segments (Fig. 7E); 13) paracercus without spines, with double setae on few segments (Fig. 7F); 14) body color pattern as in figures 7A–D.
Description. Male Imago. Body 3.23 mm; forewing 2.93 mm (n=2). Head brown. Turbinate portion of compound eyes brown. Scape, pedicel and flagellum light brown. Dorsal portion of turbinate eyes slightly oval (Fig. 6G); length 1.1× width; stalk height 4.0× height of dorsal portion. Thorax brown, with one pair of black marks. Anteronotal and metascutellar protuberance rounded. Legs whitish. Forewings (Fig. 6J) with light brown veins; stigmatic area opaque, with 5–7 cross veins reaching subcostal vein; marginal intercalary veins paired, absent between ICuA1 and A; length of each intercalary vein 0.5–0.6× distance between adjacent longitudinal veins; length of forewing about 2.5× width. Hind wing absent. Abdomen with terga I–VI white, VII–X brown; tracheation black. Sternum I with brown pigmentation over surface, sterna II–VII with pair of sigilla brownish, segment V with two brown marks laterally. Caudal filaments lost. Genitalia (Figs 6K–6N) with forceps segment I and basal third of segment II light brown. Forceps segment I cylindrical; 0.5× length of segment II; distance between base of forceps 0.5× distance between lateral margins of forceps. Forceps segment III 0.3× length of segment II. Posterior margin of styliger plate convex, with pointed or rounded spine (Figs 6K–6N) medially (red arrow); without protuberance projected ventrally.
Complementary description. Mature nymph. Head. Frons (Fig. 6E) with two keels (black arrow). Antenna (Fig. 7A) with scape and pedicel subcylindrical; flagellum with pointed spines dorsally. Labrum with dorsal surface near distolateral margin with two long and thin setae; distal, distolateral and lateral margin with bifid and pectinate setae. Right mandible with cleft incisors; margin between prostheca and mola slightly convex. Labium with glossa subequal in length than paraglossa, basally broad, narrowing toward apical third; inner margin bare ventrally; inner margin, dorsally, with eight stout setae increasing in length apically; apex, dorsally, with one or two stout setae; outer margin bare ventrally; outer margin with four to six spine-line setae dorsally; ventral surface with few thin and simple setae, and one longitudinal row of thin and simple setae. Paraglossa apex rounded; outer margin, ventrally, on apical half, with one row of five long and stout setae, and dorsally with row of six long and stout setae; dorsal surface with one longitudinal row of five setae increasing in length apically; ventral surface with one row of thin and simple setae. Labial palp with segment I 0.65× length of segments II and III combined. Segment II with distomedial protuberance 2.2–2.5× width of base of segment III; inner margin covered with short and simple setae; outer margin covered with short and simple setae; dorsally covered with simple setae. Segment III with two or three stout setae on inner margin; length 1.0× width; covered with short and simple setae. Thorax with foreleg (Figs 7B–7D) whitish, femur tinged with light brown. Ratio of foreleg 1.8:(0.29mm):1.1:0.5. Forefemur with length about 3.7× maximum width; dorsal margin with few pointed and concave setae (Fig. 7D); ventral margin with few short, simple and stout setae; length of setae on dorsal margin about 0.2× maximum width of femur; anterior surface with two rows of setae near ventral margin, one robust and other short and stout setae. Dorsal margin of tibia eventually with one short and stout setae; ventral margin bare; anterior surface with two rows of long and robust setae. Dorsal margin of tarsus with scarce short and simple setae; ventral margin with one row of robust and pectinate setae; anterior surface without setae. Mid and hind legs similar to foreleg. Abdomen with hyaline gills; margin with narrow spines. Tracheae pigmented, restricted to main trunk. Gill I as long as length of segment II; oblong. Gill IV as long as length of segment V to half VI combined; oblong. Gill VII as long as length of segments VIII to IX; oblong. Paraproct with 8–15 marginal spines; postero-lateral extension with marginal spines. Paracercus (Fig. 7F) without spines, with double setae on few segments. Cercus (Fig. 7E) with posterior margin of segments with spines on each segment, and long spines on every two segments.
Comments. The male imago of P. binodulus can be differentiated from other male imagoes of the genus by the following combination of characteristics: abdominal sterna II–VII with pair of sigilla brownish, abdominal sternum V with two brown marks laterally (Figs 6G– 6I) and styliger plate with pointed spine.
Material examined. One nymph on slides (holotype), BRAZIL, Pará state, Rio Tapajóz, Pindobal, 20.vi.1946, H. sioli col., PERC. One nymph, BRAZIL, Amazonas state, Manaus, BR 174, Km 18.5, 22.i.2009, 02°49’1.5’’ S / 60°02’7.5’’ W, P.V. Cruz col., INPA. One nymph, BRAZIL, Amazonas state, Manaus Reserva Florestal Ducke, igarapé Barro Branco, 14.i.2007, 02° 55’46.7”S / 059° 58’22.0”W, INPA. Six nymphs, BRAZIL, Amazonas state, Manaus, BR 174, Km 18.5, 07.iv.2009, 02°49’1.5’’ S / 60°02’7.5’’ W, P.V. Cruz col., INPA. Six nymphs, BRAZIL, Manaus, BR 174, Km 18.5, 16.viii.2009, 02°49’1.5’’ S / 60°02’7.5’’ W, P.V.Cruz col., INPA. Three nymphs, BRAZIL, Amazonas state, Presidente Figueiredo, Recanto da Pantera, AM 240, Km 24, 08.xi.2009, 02°00’52”S / 060°06’43” W, P.V. Cruz col., INPA. Two nymphs, BRAZIL, Amapá state, Serra do Navio, rio Cachaço, Cachoeria do Fernando, 61 m alt., 02.viii.2011, 00°53’18.8” N / 052°01’22.9” W, A. M.O. Pes, P.V. Cruz, A. S. Fernandes cols., INPA. Six nymphs, BRAZIL, Amapá state, M. Amapá, rio Amapá Grande, Cachoeira Grande, 3 m alt., 07.viii.2011, 02°09’43.1”N / 050°55’17.3”W, A. M.S. Pes, P.V. Cruz, A. S. Fernandes, N. Hamada cols., INPA. Five male imagoes, BRAZIL, Amapá state, Tartarugalzinho, Igarapé do Henrique, BR 156, - 1 m alt., 07.viii.2011, 01°45’56.5” N / 050°52’40.5”W, A. M.O. Pes, P.V. Cruz, A. S. Fernandes, N. Hamada cols., INPA. Two male imago and exuviae, BRAZIL, Amapá state, M. Amapá, rio Amapá Grande, Cachoeira Grande, 3 m alt., 07.viii.2011, 02°09’43.1” N / 050°55’17.3” W; A. M.O. Pes, P.V. Cruz, A. S. Fernandes, N. Hamada cols., INPA. Four male imagoes, BRAZIL, Amapá state, Oiapoque, Balneário rio Pantanahy (Pantanari), - 3 m alt., 08.viii.2011, 03°47’54.3” N / 051°48’05.5” W, A. M.O. Pes, P.V. Cruz, A. S. Fernandes, N. Hamada cols., INPA. Three nymphs, BRAZIL, Maranhão state, Porto Franco, MA 010, rio Farinha, 22.vii.2010, 06°31’47.3’’S / 47°28’11.4’’W, N. Hamada, P.V. Cruz, R. Boldrini cols., INPA. One nymph, BRAZIL, Maranhão state, Caxias, Riacho Mangabeira, BR 229, entrada para Baú, 09.vi.2011, 05°12’19.5” S / 043°16’08.6” W, P. V. Cruz, R. Boldrini, N. Hamada cols., INPA.
description: Published as part of Cruz, Paulo Vilela, Salles, Frederico Falcão & Hamada, Neusa, 2018, Contribution to the taxonomy of Paracloeode s Day 1955 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from South America, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 4403 (1) on pages 9-12, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4403.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1211917