cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting nest site selection and reproductive success of tundra nesting shorebirds
Creators: name: Smith, Paul A.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: I studied patterns of nest site choice and reproductive success in tundra nesting shorebirds at East Bay, Nunavut, to determine the factors that affect nest success in habitats with limited structural complexity. From 2000-2002,1 monitored the nests of five species: Black-bellied Plover (Pluvialis squatarola), Red Phalarope (Phalaropus fulicaria), Ruddy Turnstone (Arenaria interpres), White-rumped Sandpiper (Calidris fuscicollis) and Semipalmated Plover (Charadrius semipalmatus). For all species, I evaluated the influence of habitat, food availability, nest distribution and parental behaviour on nest success. I found strong patterns of non-random nest placement and clear evidence of habitat preferences. However, I found little evidence that variation in nest habitat was related to variation in success within or between species. Shorebirds did not prefer to nest in habitats where food was most abundant. Nest success was not consistently higher in preferred nest habitats. Instead, reproductive success may be related to the amount of parental activity near the nest. Red Phalaropes displayed considerable variation in nest site choice; they nested in grass/sedge marshes and also in rocky coastal habitats. I studied their distribution, behaviour and nest success to determine if their use of coastal nest sites reflects a protective nesting association with an aggressive larid, the Sabine's Gull (Xema sabini). I found and monitored 29 phalarope nests with nearby (< 150 m) Sabine's Gull nests and 26 nests without nearby Sabine's Gulls. Coastal phalarope nests were nearer to Sabine's Gulls than expected by chance. Although I detected no habitat differences between coastal sites with and without Sabine's Gulls, only 3 phalarope nests were found in coastal areas without gulls. Approach experiments and incubation monitoring suggested that phalaropes without nearby gulls behaved more secretively. Phalaropes with nearby gulls had 17-20% higher hatch success in 2000 and 2001. In 2002, lemmings were scarce, predation was high, and phalaropes with nearby Sabine's Gulls did not have increased reproductive success. I found evidence that nest success may be influenced by parental behaviour and nesting associations, but the most significant variation in reproductive success was attributable to cycles of predators and lemmings.
First Measurement of the Branching Fraction of e^+e^- --> B0B0bar
Creators: name: Godang, Romulus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the first measurement of the absolute branching fraction e^+e^- --> B0B0bar at the Upsilon(4S) resonance using data collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e^+e^- storage ring. The analysis is performed with partial reconstruction of the decay B0bar --> D^{*+}\ell^{-} \barν_{\ell}$, where the presence of a signal decay is determined using only the lepton and the soft pion from the D^{*} decay. By reconstructing events with one or two signal decays we obtain a preliminary result of e^+e^- --> B0B0bar = 0.486 \pm 0.010(stat.) \pm 0.009(sys.)$. Our result does not depend on branching fractions of the B0bar and the D^{*+} decay chains, on the individual simulated reconstruction efficiencies, on the ratio of the charged and neutral B meson lifetimes, or on the assumption of isospin symmetry.
description: Latex, 5 pages, 2 figures, proceedings to the DPF 2004, 26 August-31 August 2004, Riverside, CA, USA
GRAZING, GOODS AND GIRTH: DETERMINANTS AND EFFECTS
Creators: name: Hamermesh, Daniel S.
name: Hamermesh, Daniel S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: time use
subject: food
subject: obesity

description: Using the 2006-07 American Time Use Survey and its Eating and Health Module, I show that over half of adult Americans report grazing (secondary eating/drinking) on a typical day, with grazing time almost equaling primary eating/drinking time. An economic model predicts that higher wage rates (price of time) will lead to substitution of grazing for primary eating/drinking, especially by raising the number of grazing incidents relative to meals. This prediction is confirmed in these data. Eating meals more frequently is associated with lower BMI and better self-reported health, as is grazing more frequently. Food purchases are positively related to time spent eating—substitution of goods for time is difficult—but are lower when eating time is spread over more meals.
Finitary-Algebraic `Resolution' of the Inner Schwarzschild Singularity
Creators: name: Raptis, Ioannis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A `resolution' of the interior singularity of the spherically symmetric Schwarzschild solution of the Einstein equations for the gravitational field of a point-particle is carried out entirely and solely by finitistic and algebraic means. To this end, the background differential spacetime manifold and Calculus-free purely algebraic (:sheaf-theoretic) conceptual and technical machinery of Abstract Differential Geometry (ADG) is employed via Sorkin's finitary (:locally finite) poset substitutes of continuous manifolds in their Gel'fand-dual picture in terms of discrete differential incidence algebras and the finitary spacetime sheaves thereof. It is shown that the Einstein equations hold not only at the finitary poset level of `discrete events', but also at a suitable `classical continuum limit' of the said finitary sheaves and the associated differential triads that they define ADG-theoretically. We infer that the law of gravity does not break down in any (differential geometric) sense in the vicinity of the locus of the point-mass as the usual manifold based analysis of spacetime singularities in General Relativity has hitherto maintained. Various possible implications that such a total evasion of smooth gravitational singularities, as well as some anticipations of the wider significance that the general ADG-framework, may have for certain current `hot' issues in both classical and quantum gravity research are briefly discussed at the end.
description: 41 pages, to appear in the International Journal of Theoretical Physics
Solar Bayesian Analysis Toolkit -- a new Markov chain Monte Carlo IDL code for Bayesian parameter inference
Creators: name: Anfinogentov, Sergey A.
name: Nakariakov, Valery M.
name: Pascoe, David J.
name: Goddard, Christopher R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the Solar Bayesian Analysis Toolkit (SoBAT) which is a new easy to use tool for Bayesian analysis of observational data, including parameter inference and model comparison. SoBAT is aimed (but not limited) to be used for the analysis of solar observational data. We describe a new Interactive Data Language (IDL) code designed to facilitate the comparison of user-supplied model with data. Bayesian inference allows prior information to be taken into account. The use of Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling allows efficient exploration of large parameter spaces and provides reliable estimation of model parameters and their uncertainties. The Bayesian evidence for different models can be used for quantitative comparison. The code is tested to demonstrate its ability to accurately recover a variety of parameter probability distributions. Its application to practical problems is demonstrated using studies of the structure and oscillation of coronal loops.
Does good governance contribute to pro-poor growth? a review of the evidence from cross-country studies
Creators: name: Resnick, Danielle
name: Birner, Regina
name: Resnick, Danielle
name: Birner, Regina
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Governance
subject: Pro-poor growth
subject: Cross-country studies

description: Even though both “good governance” and “pro-poor growth” have become important concepts in development thinking and practice, studies that assess to which extent and how good governance contributes to pro-poor growth are still relatively scarce. After reviewing the two concepts, this paper develops a conceptual framework that specifies the linkages between different aspects of governance and pro-poor growth. Using this framework, the paper reviews a range of quantitative cross-country studies that include measures of governance as independent variables and focuses on the dependent variable in at least two of the three dimensions of pro-poor growth: poverty, inequality, and growth. The review shows that governance indicators that capture a sound decision-making environment for investment and policy implementation, such as political stability and rule of law, are associated with growth but provide mixed results in regard to poverty reduction. On the other hand, governance indicators that refer to transparent political systems, such as civil liberties and political freedom, tend to be conducive for poverty reduction, but the evidence is rather mixed, and the relationship of these variables with growth remains unclear. The paper discusses the methodological challenges inherent in this literature and suggests areas for future research.
Sixth post-Newtonian local-in-time dynamics of binary systems
Creators: name: Bini, Donato
name: Damour, Thibault
name: Geralico, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a recently introduced method [Phys.\ Rev.\ Lett.\ {\bf 123}, 231104 (2019)], which splits the conservative dynamics of gravitationally interacting binary systems into a non-local-in-time part and a local-in-time one, we compute the local part of the dynamics at the sixth post-Newtonian (6PN) accuracy. Our strategy combines several theoretical formalisms: post-Newtonian, post-Minkowskian, multipolar-post-Minkowskian, effective-field-theory, gravitational self-force, effective one-body, and Delaunay averaging. The full functional structure of the local 6PN Hamiltonian (which involves 151 numerical coefficients) is derived, but contains four undetermined numerical coefficients. Our 6PN-accurate results are complete at orders $G^3$ and $G^4$, and the derived $O(G^3)$ scattering angle agrees, within our 6PN accuracy, with the computation of [Phys.\ Rev.\ Lett.\ {\bf 122}, no. 20, 201603 (2019)]. All our results are expressed in several different gauge-invariant ways. We highlight, and make a crucial use of, several aspects of the hidden simplicity of the mass-ratio dependence of the two-body dynamics.
description: 36 pages, 1 figure
The role of agriculture in development implications for Sub-Saharan Africa
Creators: name: Diao, Xinshen
name: Hazell, Peter B.R.
name: Resnick, Danielle
name: Thurlow, James
name: Diao, Xinshen
name: Hazell, Peter B.R.
name: Resnick, Danielle
name: Thurlow, James
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: growth-poverty linkages
subject: smallholders
subject: poverty alleviation
subject: agricultural development
subject: africa
subject: economic aspects
subject: agricultural sector
subject: ethiopia
subject: ghana
subject: rwanda
subject: uganda
subject: zambia

description: This paper provides a nuanced perspective on debates about the potential for Africa’s smallholder agriculture to stimulate growth and alleviate poverty in an increasingly integrated world. In particular, the paper synthesizes both the traditional theoretical literature on agriculture’s role in the development process and discusses more recent literature that remains skeptical about agriculture’s development potential for Africa. In order to examine in greater detail the relevance for Africa of both the “old” and “new” literatures on agriculture, the paper provides a typology of African countries based on their stage of development, agricultural conditions, natural resources, and geographic location… More broadly, the paper demonstrates that conventional theory on the role of agriculture in the early stage of development remains relevant to Africa. While the continent does face new and different challenges than those encountered by Asian and Latin American countries during their successful transformations, most African countries cannot significantly reduce poverty, increase per capita incomes, and transform into modern economies without focusing on agricultural development.
Compensating for visibility artefacts in photoacoustic imaging with a deep learning approach providing prediction uncertainties
Creators: name: Godefroy, Guillaume
name: Arnal, Bastien
name: Bossy, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Conventional photoacoustic imaging may suffer from the limited view and bandwidth of ultrasound transducers. A deep learning approach is proposed to handle these problems and is demonstrated both in simulations and in experiments on a multi-scale model of leaf skeleton. We employed an experimental approach to build the training and the test sets using photographs of the samples as ground truth images. Reconstructions produced by the neural network show a greatly improved image quality as compared to conventional approaches. In addition, this work aimed at quantifying the reliability of the neural network predictions. To achieve this, the dropout Monte-Carlo procedure is applied to estimate a pixel-wise degree of confidence on each predicted picture. Last, we address the possibility to use transfer learning with simulated data in order to drastically limit the size of the experimental dataset.
description: main text 10 pages + Supplementary materials 6 pages
Asymmetric property rights in China's economic growth
Creators: name: Zhang, Xiaobo
name: Zhang, Xiaobo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: property rights
subject: investments
subject: economic growth
subject: china
subject: individual land property
subject: fiscal policies
subject: decentralization

description: This paper highlights the difference between secure investor property rights and loosely defined individual property rights. Globalization and fiscal decentralization have intensified this difference. On the one hand, in the presence of mobile foreign direct investments and under the arrangement of fiscal decentralization, local governments compete vigorously to offer various protections on the property rights of investors; on the other hand, local governments and developers attempt to acquire land at as low price as possible by taking advantage of the loopholes inherent in the Chinese law. Secure investor property rights together with weak protections on individuals’ land property rights is argued to be one of the major drivers of China’s rapid economic growth. But the same factor can veer those individuals being deprived of land into violence and social unrest, which may undermine China’s social stability and long-term sustainable growth.
Accelerating the laser-induced demagnetization of a ferromagnetic film by antiferromagnetic order in an adjacent layer
Creators: name: Kumberg, Ivar
name: Golias, Evangelos
name: Pontius, Niko
name: Hosseinifar, Rahil
name: Frischmuth, Karl
name: Gelen, Ismet
name: Shinwari, Tauqir
name: Thakur, Sangeeta
name: Schüssler-Langeheine, Christian
name: Oppeneer, Peter
name: Kuch, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the ultrafast demagnetization of Ni/NiMn and Co/NiMn ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic bilayer systems after excitation by a laser pulse. We probe the ferromagnetic order of Ni and Co using magnetic circular dichroism in time-resolved pump--probe resonant X-ray reflectivity. Tuning the sample temperature across the antiferromagnetic ordering temperature of the NiMn layer allows to investigate effects induced by the magnetic order of the latter. The presence of antiferromagnetic order in NiMn speeds up the demagnetization of the ferromagnetic layer, which is attributed to bidirectional laser-induced superdiffusive spin currents between the ferromagnetic and the antiferromagnetic layer.
description: 20 pages, 6 figures
Determinants of change in house-hold level of consumption and poverty in Uganda, 1992/93 - 1999/00
Creators: name: Benin, Samuel
name: Mugarura, Samuel
name: Benin, Samuel
name: Mugarura, Samuel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: poverty reduction
subject: household
subject: economic aspects
subject: economic assistance
subject: consumption

description: Recent estimates showing increase in the incidence of poverty in Uganda has kindled interest in understanding the factors that cause changes in poverty, as the reversal of the positive trend in the 1990s threatens the government’s poverty eradication plan of reducing poverty to a level below 28% by 2014. Using a household and community panel dataset, this paper analyzes the factors contributing to change in household-level consumption and poverty.
Dissipation-engineering of nonreciprocal quantum dot circuits: An input-output approach
Creators: name: Liu, Junjie
name: Segal, Dvira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonreciprocal effects in nanoelectronic devices offer unique possibilities for manipulating electron transport and engineering quantum electronic circuits for information processing purposes. However, a lack of rigorous theoretical tools is hindering this development. Here, we provide a general input-output description of nonreciprocal transport in solid-state quantum dot architectures, based on quantum optomechanical analogs. In particular, we break reciprocity between coherently-coupled quantum dots by dissipation-engineering in which these (so-called) primary dots are mutually coupled to auxiliary, damped quantum dots. We illustrate the general framework in two representative multiterminal noninteracting models, which can be used as building blocks for larger circuits. Importantly, the identified optimal conditions for nonreciprocal behavior hold even in the presence of additional dissipative effects that result from local electron-phonon couplings. Besides the analysis of the scattering matrix, we show that a nonreciprocal coupling induces unidirectional electron flow in the resonant transport regime. Altogether, our analysis provides the formalism and working principles towards the realization of nonreciprocal nanoelectronic devices.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures, comments and suggestions are welcome
A GPU based multidimensional amplitude analysis to search for tetraquark candidates
Creators: name: Sur, Nairit
name: Cristella, Leonardo
name: Di Florio, Adriano
name: Mastrapasqua, Vincenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The demand for computational resources is steadily increasing in experimental high energy physics as the current collider experiments continue to accumulate huge amounts of data and physicists indulge in more complex and ambitious analysis strategies. This is especially true in the fields of hadron spectroscopy and flavour physics where the analyses often depend on complex multidimensional unbinned maximum-likelihood fits, with several dozens of free parameters, with an aim to study the internal structure of hadrons. Graphics processing units (GPUs) represent one of the most sophisticated and versatile parallel computing architectures that are becoming popular toolkits for high energy physicists to meet their computational demands. GooFit is an upcoming open-source tool interfacing ROOT/RooFit to the CUDA platform on NVIDIA GPUs that acts as a bridge between the MINUIT minimization algorithm and a parallel processor, allowing probability density functions to be estimated on multiple cores simultaneously. In this article, a full-fledged amplitude analysis framework developed using GooFit is tested for its speed and reliability. The four-dimensional fitter framework, one of the firsts of its kind to be built on GooFit, is geared towards the search for exotic tetraquark states in the $B^0 \rightarrow J/ψK π$ decays and can also be seamlessly adapted for other similar analyses. The GooFit fitter, running on GPUs, shows a remarkable improvement in the computing speed compared to a ROOT/RooFit implementation of the same analysis running on multi-core CPU clusters. Furthermore, it shows sensitivity to components with small contributions to the overall fit. It has the potential to be a powerful tool for sensitive and computationally intensive physics analyses.
description: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and the DOI
title: Summary characteristics for multivariate function‐valued spatial point process attributes
Creators: name: Eckardt, Matthias
name: Comas, Carles
name: Mateu, Jorge
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: cross‐function mark correlation
subject: forest monitoring data
subject: functional‐marked point processes
subject: mark variogram
subject: mark weighted second order summary characteristics
subject: nearest neighbour mark indices
subject: urban economics
subject: 310 Sammlungen allgemeiner Statistiken

description: Prompted by modern technologies in data acquisition, the statistical analysis of spatially distributed function‐valued quantities has attracted a lot of attention in recent years. In particular, combinations of functional variables and spatial point processes yield a highly challenging instance of such modern spatial data applications. Indeed, the analysis of spatial random point configurations, where the point attributes themselves are functions rather than scalar‐valued quantities, is just in its infancy, and extensions to function‐valued quantities still remain limited. In this view, we extend current existing first‐ and second‐order summary characteristics for real‐valued point attributes to the case where, in addition to every spatial point location, a set of distinct function‐valued quantities are available. Providing a flexible treatment of more complex point process scenarios, we build a framework to consider points with multivariate function‐valued marks, and develop sets of different cross‐function (cross‐type and also multi‐function cross‐type) versions of summary characteristics that allow for the analysis of highly demanding modern spatial point process scenarios. We consider estimators of the theoretical tools and analyse their behaviour through a simulation study and two real data applications.
Estimation of protein folding probability from equilibrium simulations
Creators: name: Rao, Francesco
name: Settanni, Giovanni
name: Guarnera, Enrico
name: Caflisch, Amedeo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The assumption that similar structures have similar folding probabilities ($p_{fold}$) leads naturally to a procedure to evaluate $p_{fold}$ for every snapshot saved along an equilibrium folding-unfolding trajectory of a structured peptide or protein. The procedure utilizes a structurally homogeneous clustering and does not require any additional simulation. It can be used to detect multiple folding pathways as shown for a three-stranded antiparallel $β$-sheet peptide investigated by implicit solvent molecular dynamics simulations.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, supplemetary materials
Geographic Space, Assets, Livelihoods and Well-Being in Rural Central America: Empirical Evidence from Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua
Creators: name: Alwang, Jeffrey Roger
name: Jansen, Hans G.P.
name: Siegel, Paul B.
name: Pichon, Francisco
name: Alwang, Jeffrey Roger
name: Jansen, Hans G.P.
name: Siegel, Paul B.
name: Pichon, Francisco
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: poverty reduction
subject: rural livelihoods
subject: households
subject: economic aspects

description: This paper uses an asset-base framework to analyze the determinants of rural growth and sustainable poverty reduction for the three poorest countries in Central America: Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua…Using a combination of GIS mapping techniques, quantitative household analysis, and qualitative analyses of assets and livelihoods, the authors generate a description of rural territories that recognizes the differential effects of policies and asset bundles across space and households. They identify the combinations of human, natural and physical, social and location-specific assets that matter most to raise household well-being and take advantage of prospects for poverty-reducing growth.
Non-linear Breit-Wheeler process with linearly polarized beams
Creators: name: Titov, Alexander I.
name: Kampfer, Burkhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the non-linear Breit-Wheeler process $\vec γ' + \vec L \to e^+ + e^-$ in the interaction of linearly polarized probe photons ($\vec γ'$) with a linearly polarized laser beam ($\vec L$). In particular, we consider the asymmetry of the total cross section and the azimuthal electron distributions when the polarizations of the photon and laser beams in the initial state are mutually perpendicular or parallel. Considering intense laser beams and the strong field asymptotic we explore essentially the multi-photon dynamics. The asymmetry exhibits some non-monotonic behavior depending on initial kinematic conditions; it depends sensitively on the laser pulse duration. Our results provide additional knowledge for studying non-linear multi-photon effects in quantum electrodynamics and may be used in planning experiments in upcoming laser facilities.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures
2MASS Constraints on the Local Large-Scale Structure: A Challenge to LCDM?
Creators: name: Frith, W. J.
name: Shanks, T.
name: Outram, P. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the large-scale structure of the local galaxy distribution using the recently completed 2 Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS). First, we determine the K-band number counts over the 4000 sq.deg. APM survey area where evidence for a large-scale `local hole' has previously been detected and compare them to a homogeneous prediction. Considering a LCDM form for the 2-point angular correlation function, the observed deficiency represents a 5 sigma fluctuation in the galaxy distribution. We check the model normalisation using faint K-band data compiled from the literature; the normalisation used in this paper is in excellent agreement, and the observed counts over the APM survey area would require the model to be lowered by 3.8 sigma. However, the issue is complicated by the b>20 and b20 is representative, we find excellent agreement between the biased LCDM mocks and the 2MASS catalogue to 30 deg. The crux of the interpretation of these results appears to be whether the 2MASS volume is yet big enough to constitute a fair sample of the Universe. (abridged)
description: 10 pages, 7 figures. Submitted to MNRAS
Strömgren metallicities for intermediate-age and old star clusters
Creators: name: Piatti, Andrés E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report results that show that the straightforwardly star cluster metallicities obtained from Strömgren $vby$ photometry is age-dependent and need to be corrected for further use. This outcome arises from the comparison of [Fe/H] values derived from Strömgren photometry with those metallicities published in the literature for 26 Large and Small Magellanic Cloud star clusters, whose ages range from $\sim$ 1 Gyr up to the known oldest globular clusters' ages in these galaxies. While deriving mean star cluster metallicities we carried out a thorough selection of red giant branch candidates to comply with the Strömgren metallicity calibration validity regime. We paid attention to the effect of contamination by field stars, particularly of those that lie inside the star clusters' radii, distributed along the star cluster red giant branches, and with [Fe/H] values covering a similar range as that for the selected stars. We found that the measured Strömgren metallicities are systematically more metal-poor than the published ones and that a quadratically age-varying function reproduces the relative metallicity values with an overall uncertainty of $\sim$ 0.05 dex. We finally performed a similar comparison relying on a fully independent approach, that consisted in using theoretical red giant branches of old globular clusters spanning [Fe/H] values from -2.0 up to 0.0 dex as standard ones. We then superimposed on to them the red giant branches of star clusters with ages in the range 1.0 - 12.5 Gyr and estimated by interpolation their associated metallicities. The derived theoretical relative metallicities follow a similar trend as a function of the star clusters' ages than that found from observations of star clusters.
description: 10 pages, 15 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Comparing the evolution of spatial inequality in China and India: a fifty-year perspective
Creators: name: Gajwani, Kiran
name: Kanbur, Ravi
name: Zhang, Xiaobo
name: Gajwani, Kiran
name: Kanbur, Ravi
name: Zhang, Xiaobo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: liberalization
subject: liberalized economics
subject: regional inequality
subject: migration
subject: decentralization
subject: green revolution
subject: economic conditions
subject: international economic relations
subject: human capital
subject: spatial inequality

description: In the second half of the last century, both India and China have undergone major transitions and have moved to more liberalized economies. This paper relates the observed patterns in regional inequality to major events during this period. Because of China’s institutional barriers to migration, regional inequality is much higher than in India. Also, China’s decentralization and opening up are closely related to the observed regional inequality - particularly the inland-coastal disparity - since the reform period. From the Green Revolution age to the period of economic liberalization in India, the evolution of regional comparative advantage has shifted from the quality of land to the level of human capital as India integrates with the international market. Therefore, India’s states have become clustered into two clubs: more educated and less educated ones.
QED radiative corrections for elastic e(mu)p scattering in hadronic variables
Creators: name: Akhundov, A. A.
name: Alharbi, H. H.
name: Alhendi, H. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A numerical analysis of QED radiative corrections for elastic e(mu)p cattering in hadronic variables at energies of the current experiment at JLab is performed. The explicit formulas from the review of Akhundov et al. resulting from the integration over the phase space of leptonic variables plus photon are used to obtain the values of the cross sections and the radiative correction factor for unpolarized lepton-proton scattering. Our numerical results agree with the corresponding results arising from the formulas of Afanasev et al.
description: 4 Pages, 4 figures
Stability of clusters in the second-order Kuramoto model on random graphs
Creators: name: Medvedev, Georgi S.
name: Mizuhara, Matthew S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The Kuramoto model of coupled phase oscillators with inertia on Erdos-Renyi graphs is analyzed in this work. For a system with intrinsic frequencies sampled from a bimodal distribution we identify a variety of two cluster patterns and study their stability. To this end, we decompose the description of the cluster dynamics into two systems: one governing the (macro) dynamics of the centers of mass of the two clusters and the second governing the (micro) dynamics of individual oscillators inside each cluster. The former is a low-dimensional ODE whereas the latter is a system of two coupled Vlasov PDEs. Stability of the cluster dynamics depends on the stability of the low-dimensional group motion and on coherence of the oscillators in each group. We show that the loss of coherence in one of the clusters leads to the loss of stability of a two-cluster state and to formation of chimera states. The analysis of this paper can be generalized to cover states with more than two clusters and to coupled systems on W-random graphs. Our results apply to a model of a power grid with fluctuating sources.
description: 22 pages, 11 figures
Development domains for Ethiopia: capturing the geographical context of smallholder development options
Creators: name: Chamberlin, Jordan
name: Pender, John L.
name: Yu, Bingxin
name: Chamberlin, Jordan
name: Pender, John L.
name: Yu, Bingxin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: smallholders
subject: small farmers
subject: geographic conditions
subject: rural development strategies
subject: development policy
subject: agro-ecology
subject: market access
subject: livelihoods
subject: population density

description: The choices that smallholder farmers are able to make are strongly conditioned by the geographic conditions in which they live. The importance of this fact for rural development strategy is not lost on policy makers. For example, the government of Ethiopia frequently frames policy discussions by broadly different geographical conditions of moisture availability, recognizing moisture reliable, drought prone and pastoralist areas. These conditions are seen as important criteria for determining the nature, extent and priority of development interventions for different parts of the country. There is considerable evidence, however, that other geographical factors also have important implications for rural development options. This paper uses agroecology, access to markets, and population density to define development domains: geographical locations sharing broadly similar rural development constraints and opportunities.
Phase transitions in q-deformed 2d Yang-Mills theory and topological strings
Creators: name: Arsiwalla, Xerxes
name: Boels, Rutger
name: Marino, Marcos
name: Sinkovics, Annamaria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze large N phase transitions for U(N) q-deformed two-dimensional Yang-Mills theory on the sphere. We determine the phase diagram of the model and we show that, for small values of the deformation parameter, the theory exhibits a phase transition which is smoothly connected to the Douglas-Kazakov phase transition. For large values of the deformation parameter the phase transition is absent. By explicitly computing the one-instanton suppression factor in the weakly coupled phase, we also show that the transition is triggered by instanton effects. Finally, we present the solution of the model in the strongly coupled phase. Our analysis suggests that, on certain backgrounds, nonperturbative topological string theory has new phase transitions at small radius. From the point of view of gauge theory, it suggests a mechanism to smooth out large N phase transitions.
description: 31 pages, 5 figures, small corrections, clarifications and references added
Utfordringer ved forskning på opphavsrettsbeskyttet materiale og åpen forskning.
Creators: name: Bergstrøm, Rebecca Josefine Five
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: This memo is written with a foudation in the MusicLab project at RITMO, UiO. It focuses on the challenges in the intersection of requirements of open research and copyright. Espessially whereas the copyright is managed by a third party, in this case mainly collective management agencies.
OpenAIRE tools and resources: supporting research data management services for libraries and researchers
Creators: name: Sanchez, Alicia Fatima Gomez
name: Papadopoulou, Elli
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: There is an increasing interest around research data management (RDM) activities due to funders’ requirements for data management plans (DMPs). Policymakers worldwide are requiring documenting and sharing of data for reasons of transparency, reproducibility and replicability of scientific processes resulting in more credible science and an increase in scientific breakthroughs. Additionally, by sharing data, researchers obtain personal benefits such as greater visibility and increased citations of their scientific output.
 Libraries can provide great support to researchers and their efforts to integrate open data management and FAIR research data principles (data meeting standards of findability, accessibility, interoperability, and
 reusability). Libraries providing research support should consider data stewardship activities as an opportunity to accommodate more data-driven demands. This CEC will cover the range of research data and data management planning related services offered, including essential tools for use in specific steps of a data management lifecycle.
Assessing the risks of "infodemics" in response to COVID-19 epidemics
Creators: name: Gallotti, Riccardo
name: Valle, Francesco
name: Castaldo, Nicola
name: Sacco, Pierluigi
name: De Domenico, Manlio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Our society is built on a complex web of interdependencies whose effects become manifest during extraordinary events such as the COVID-19 pandemic, with shocks in one system propagating to the others to an exceptional extent. We analyzed more than 100 millions Twitter messages posted worldwide in 64 languages during the epidemic emergency due to SARS-CoV-2 and classified the reliability of news diffused. We found that waves of unreliable and low-quality information anticipate the epidemic ones, exposing entire countries to irrational social behavior and serious threats for public health. When the epidemics hit the same area, reliable information is quickly inoculated, like antibodies, and the system shifts focus towards certified informational sources. Contrary to mainstream beliefs, we show that human response to falsehood exhibits early-warning signals that might be mitigated with adequate communication strategies.
description: The dataset analyzed in this paper can be interactively visualized and accessed at https://covid19obs.fbk.eu/
Insight into the mechanisms by which apigenin, curcumin and sulfasalazine induce apoptosis in colon cancer cells
Creators: name: Moussavi, Maryam
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Two dietary components, curcumin and apigenin along with an anti-inflammatory drug sulfasalazine (SSZ) effect apoptosis in colon cancer cells. However the exact signalling mechanisms involved in this response remain unknown. We investigated their influence, on the ceramide pathway and their effects upon reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines. Initial observations confirmed that each agent dose dependently caused an increase in cell death as indicated by release of cytochrome C, cleavage of pro-caspase 3, PI staining and nuclear condensation, indicative of programmed cell death or apoptosis. Since ceramide generation has been linked with apoptosis and cell death, we investigated its role in CRC cells. Here for the first time we have shown that all three agents were able to increase ceramide levels in a dose and time dependent manner. Interestingly, SSZ accomplished this increase through the de novo pathway, while the other two dietary agents (curcumin and apigenin) elevated ceramide generation independently of the de novo pathway. This data is supported by inhibition of ceramide generation by both Myriocin and Fumonisin B-1 (FB-1), inhibitors of de novo synthesis. However this was not mechanistically linked to cell death. Apigenin, curcumin and sulfasalazine also caused an increase in ROS generation in HCT116 cells. Using a series of ROS inhibitors, the route of ROS generation was established. We postulated that apigenin interacted directly with the mitochondrial electron transport chain in order to generate ROS while the other two agents interacted in a more generalized manner in order to generate ROS. Inhibition of ROS in CRC cells treated with each agent lead to increase in cell survival. This study demonstrates that all three compounds are capable of generating both ROS and ceramide through different mechanisms. Additionally, ROS generation due to treatment with each agent is prominent in mediating apoptosis.
Exploring growth linkages and market opportunities for agriculture in Southern Africa
Creators: name: Nin Pratt, Alejandro
name: Diao, Xinshen
name: Nin Pratt, Alejandro
name: Diao, Xinshen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: regional trade
subject: general equilibrium model
subject: regional integration
subject: agricultural productivity
subject: agricultural growth
subject: grain production

description: Considering the heterogeneity of the countries of southern Africa and the presence of South Africa and other middle-income countries in the region, southern Africa has a unique opportunity to exploit agricultural potential and regional trade opportunities through regional dynamics and integration. We analyze the implications of such opportunities for the growth of the low-income countries, using a regional general equilibrium model that captures growth linkages. We find that growth in the middle-income southern African countries, such as South Africa, benefits the region’s low-income countries through increased demand for their agricultural exports. Agricultural productivity growth, however, is necessary for low-income countries to take advantage of South Africa’s growth. Productivity growth in the low-income countries’ grain and livestock sectors generates more growth in GDP and food consumption than growth in nontraditional export crops. Unlike other regions where growth in grain production is likely to be constrained by domestic demand, expanding middle-income economies in southern Africa provide additional demand for grains and livestock, slowing the decline in grain prices in the region.
Parables: applied economics literature about the impact of genetically engineered crop varieties in developing economies
Creators: name: Smale, Melinda
name: Zambrano, Patricia
name: Falck-Zepeda, Jose Benjamin
name: Gruere, Guillaume P.
name: Smale, Melinda
name: Zambrano, Patricia
name: Falck-Zepeda, Jose Benjamin
name: Gruere, Guillaume P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: genetically engineered crops
subject: economic impacts
subject: technology adoption
subject: developing economies
subject: economics methods
subject: best practices
subject: biotechnology

description: A vast literature has accumulated since crop varieties with transgenic resistance to insects and herbicide tolerance were released to farmers in 1996 and 1997. A comparatively minor segment of this literature consists of studies conducted by agricultural economists to measure the farm-level impact of transgenic crop varieties, the size and distribution of the economic benefits from adopting them, consumer attitudes toward GE products, and implications for international trade. This paper focuses only on the applied economics literature about the impact of transgenic crop varieties in non-industrialized agricultural systems, with an emphasis on methods. A number of studies have surveyed the findings for both industrialized and non-industrialized agriculture, at various points in time, but surveys of methods are less frequent and have typically examined only one overall question or approach. Clearly, the methods used in research influence the findings that are presented and what they mean. Understanding the methods therefore enhances understanding of the findings. Four categories of impact analysis are considered: farmers, consumers, industry and trade. In part due to methodological limitations and the relatively brief time frame of most analyses, results are promising, but the balance sheet is mixed. Thus, findings of current case studies should not be generalized to other locations, crops, and traits. The aim of this review is to progress toward the defining a “best practices” methodology for national researchers who seek to produce relevant information about emerging crop biotechnologies for national policymakers.
Unveiling Neutrino Mixing and Leptonic CP Violation
Creators: name: Mena, Olga
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the present understanding of neutrino masses and mixings, discussing what are the unknowns in the three family oscillation scenario. Despite the anticipated success coming from the planned long baseline neutrino experiments in unraveling the leptonic mixing sector, there are two important unknowns which may remain obscure: the mixing angle $θ_{13}$ and the CP-phase $δ$. The measurement of these two parameters has led us to consider the combination of superbeams and neutrino factories as the key to unveil the neutrino oscillation picture.
description: Invited brief review, 18 pages, 6 figures
Do Tariff-Rate Quotas Function as Intended by the World Trade Organization?
Creators: name: Beckman, Jayson
name: Beckman, Jayson
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Political Economy
subject: Production Economics
subject: World Trade Organization
subject: WTO
subject: Tariff-Rate Quotas
subject: TRQ
subject: Agricultural Exports
subject: Global trade
subject: Functional TRQ
subject: Binding TRQ
subject: Low-Demand TRQ
subject: Underutilized TRQ

description: The World Trade Organization (WTO) was formed in 1995 in part to improve market access for trade by negotiating the reduction or elimination of barriers that prohibited trade, such as quotas. One way this was done was through the establishment of tariff-rate quotas (TRQs). A TRQ is effective by limiting the quantity of goods allowed into a market at a low, in-quota rate. After the in-quota amount is filled, the product can still be imported but at a higher tariff. The TRQ allows for access to a market that might have been closed to exports, benefiting the exporter and consumers in the importing country.