cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
MOESM10 of ExpressionPlot: a web-based framework for analysis of RNA-Seq and microarray gene expression data
Creators: name: Friedman, Brad
name: Maniatis, Tom
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Authorsâ original file for figure 6
Global 8.4-GHz VLBI observations of JVAS B0218+357
Creators: name: Biggs, A. D.
name: Wucknitz, O.
name: Porcas, R. W.
name: Browne, I. W. A.
name: Jackson, N. J.
name: Mao, S.
name: Wilkinson, P. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we present new observations of the gravitational lens system JVAS B0218+357 made with a global VLBI network at a frequency of 8.4 GHz. Our maps have an rms noise of 30 microJy/beam and with these we have been able to image much of the extended structure of the radio jet in both the A and B images at high resolution (~1 mas). The main use of these maps will be to enable us to further constrain the lens model for the purposes of H0 determination. We are able to identify several sub-components common to both images with the expected parity reversal, including one which we identify as a counter-jet. We have not been successful in detecting either the core of the lensing galaxy or a third image. Using a model of the lensing galaxy we have back-projected both of the images to the source plane and find that they agree well. However, there are small, but significant, differences which we suggest may arise from multi-path scattering in the ISM of the lensing galaxy. We also find an exponent of the radial mass distribution of approximately 1.04, in agreement with lens modelling of published 15-GHz VLBI data. Polarisation maps of each image are presented which show that the distributions of polarisation across images A and B are different. We suggest that this results from Faraday rotation and associated depolarisation in the lensing galaxy.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Hawaii Two-0: High-redshift galaxy clustering and bias
Creators: name: Beck, Róbert
name: McPartland, Conor
name: Repp, Andrew
name: Sanders, David
name: Szapudi, István
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform an analysis of two-point galaxy clustering and galaxy bias using Subaru Hyper-Suprime Cam (HSC) data taken jointly by the Subaru Strategic Program and the University of Hawaii in the COSMOS field. The depth of the data is similar to the ongoing Hawaii Two-0 (H20) optical galaxy survey, thus the results are indicative of future constraints from tenfold area. We measure the angular auto-power spectra of the galaxy overdensity in three redshift bins, defined by dropouts from the g-, r- and i-bands, and compare them to the theoretical expectation from concordance cosmology with linear galaxy bias. We determine the redshift distribution of each bin using a standard template-based photometric redshift method, coupled with a self-organizing map (SOM) to quantify colour space coverage. We also investigate sources of systematic errors to inform the methodology and requirements for Hawaii Two-0. The linear galaxy bias fit results are $b_{\mathrm{gal,g}} = 3.90 \pm 0.33 (\mathrm{stat}) \substack{ +0.64 \\ -0.24 } (\mathrm{sys})$ at redshift $z \simeq 3.7$, $b_{\mathrm{gal,r}} = 8.44 \pm 0.63 (\mathrm{stat}) \substack{ +1.42 \\ -0.72 } (\mathrm{sys})$ at $z \simeq 4.7$, and $b_{\mathrm{gal,i}} = 11.94 \pm 2.24 (\mathrm{stat}) \substack{ +1.82 \\ -1.27 } (\mathrm{sys})$ at $z \simeq 5.9$.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures. Submitted to MNRAS
Public Transportation Challenges in America: What can we Learn from Mid-Size Cities in Latin America?
Creators: name: Jorge, Diaz
name: Jorge, Diaz
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: International Development
International Relations/Trade
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: A “natural” consequence derived from personal income growth has been car ownership growth, but as far as there are some countries where this relation is not true, or at least, it is not at the same ratio as most cities in the USAa, we may go in depth analysis of the variables that influences such different choices. At the end we want to analyze how is car ownership and car use related to “quality” of life, for this we will consider time spent on daily traveling which then determines time available for other activities that usually makes our life more productive, as far as, we find more opportunities for personal leisure, social life, education, family activities and so on. Of course we know that time availability is not the only variable to be considered important but to the extent of this research it is. As a preliminary hypothesis, we consider that there are some variables related to consumer preferences on a broad range of goods which then determines if buying a car is among the most valuable options and on the other hand how is the built environment related to transit and how is then perceived the quality of the public transportation system. We consider from a heuristic approach that the built environment which I define as the Spatial Framework (SF) of the City and the Transportation Facilities Framework (TFF) induce car ownership, there ought to be some other variables that influences consumer preferences but the chosen variables are within our most immediate domain as Urban Planners. To assess the built environment-related to-transit quality we consider the following variables: a) Distance/Time, from Home to Work. b) Train, Subway, and/or Bus Station (BRT) distance from dwellings. c) Walkability around Main Origin and Destination Places. To assess the quality of public transportation we consider the following variables : a) Multi-Modal Connectivity b) Park&Ride Availability c) Non-Motorized Modes Availability We have chosen two cities (Quito-Ecuador and Medellin-Colombia), with a population of almost three million people, as case-study, and we will outline similarities and differences between them so that we can infer strategies focus on improving “quality” of life, by lessen car ownership rate, or diminishing its use, and at the same time, by improving transit modes, enhancing Time Value. Of course, land use planning and density management play a critical role too, for achieving success.
Phase transition of a two dimensional binary spreading model
Creators: name: Odor, G.
name: Marques, M. C.
name: Santos, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigated the phase transition behavior of a binary spreading process in two dimensions for different particle diffusion strengths ($D$). We found that $N>2$ cluster mean-field approximations must be considered to get consistent singular behavior. The $N=3,4$ approximations result in a continuous phase transition belonging to a single universality class along the $D\in (0,1)$ phase transition line. Large scale simulations of the particle density confirmed mean-field scaling behavior with logarithmic corrections. This is interpreted as numerical evidence supporting that the upper critical dimension in this model is $d_c=2$.The pair density scales in a similar way but with an additional logarithmic factor to the order parameter. At the D=0 endpoint of the transition line we found DP criticality.
description: 8 pages, 10 figures
Thermometry by correlated dephasing of impurities in a 1D Fermi gas
Creators: name: Brattegard, Sindre
name: Mitchison, Mark T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically investigate the pure dephasing dynamics of two static impurity qubits embedded within a common environment of ultracold fermionic atoms, which are confined to one spatial dimension. Our goal is to understand how bath-mediated interactions between impurities affect their performance as nonequilibrium quantum thermometers. By solving the dynamics exactly using a functional determinant approach, we show that the impurities become correlated via retarded interactions of the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida type. Moreover, we demonstrate that these correlations can provide a metrological advantage, enhancing the sensitivity of the two-qubit thermometer beyond that of two independent impurities. This enhancement is most prominent in the limit of low temperature and weak collisional coupling between the impurities and the gas. We show that this precision advantage can be exploited using standard Ramsey interferometry, with no need to prepare correlated initial states nor to individually manipulate or measure the impurities. We also quantitatively assess the impact of ignoring these correlations when constructing a temperature estimate, finding that acceptable precision can still be achieved from a simplified model of independent impurities. Our results demonstrate the rich nonequilibrium physics of impurities dephasing in a common Fermi gas, and may help to provide better temperature estimates at ultralow temperatures.
description: v1: 16 pages, 6 figures. Comments and feedback welcome as always v2: included temperature dependent decoherence and added references v3: Extended manuscript by including a more in-depth analysis of the role of (quantum) correlations for thermometric precision, discussion of interacting environments and added references. v4: Improved quality of figures and fixed minor typos
Dynamical variational approach to Bose polarons at finite temperatures
Creators: name: Dzsotjan, David
name: Schmidt, Richard
name: Fleischhauer, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the interaction of a mobile quantum impurity with a Bose-Einstein condensate of atoms at finite temperature. To describe the resulting Bose polaron formation we extend the dynamical variational approach of [Phys.Rev.Lett. 117, 11302 (2016)] to an initial thermal gas of Bogoliubov phonons. We study the polaron formation after switching on the interaction, e.g., by a radio-frequency (RF) pulse from a non-interacting to an interacting state. To treat also the strongly-interacting regime, interaction terms beyond the Fröhlich model are taken into account. We calculate the real-time impurity Green's function and discuss its temperature dependence. Furthermore, we determine the RF absorption spectrum and find good agreement with recent experimental observations. We predict temperature-induced shifts and a substantial broadening of spectral lines. The analysis of the real-time Green's function reveals a crossover to a linear temperature dependence of the thermal decay rate of Bose polarons as unitary interactions are approached.
Fronts dynamics in the presence of spatio-temporal structured noises
Creators: name: Santos, Miguel A.
name: Sancho, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Front dynamics modeled by a reaction-diffusion equation are studied under the influence of spatio-temporal structured noises. An effective deterministic model is analytical derived where the noise parameters, intensity, correlation time and correlation length appear explicitely. The different effects of these parameters are discussed for the Ginzburg-Landau and Schlögl models. We obtain an analytical expression for the front velocity as a function of the noise parameters. Numerical simulations results are in a good agreement with the theoretical predictions.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures; REVTEX; to be published in Phys.Rev.E, july 2001
Cross-field demagnetization of stacks of tapes: 3D modeling and measurements
Creators: name: Kapolka, M
name: Pardo, E
name: Grilli, F
name: Baskys, A
name: Climente-Alarcon, V
name: Dadhich, A
name: Glowacki, B A
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Paper
Focus on Numerical Modelling of High Temperature Superconductors 2020
superconducting stacks
cross-field demagnetization
modeling of high temperature superconductors
3D modeling
ReBCO coated conductors
supermagnets
rotating machines

description: Abstract: Stacks of superconducting (SC) tapes can trap much higher magnetic fields than conventional magnets. This makes them very promising for motors and generators. However, ripple magnetic fields in these machines present a cross-field component that demagnetizes the stacks. At present, there is no quantitative agreement between measurements and modeling of cross-field demagnetization, mainly due to the need for a 3D model that takes the end effects and real micron-thick SC layer into account. This article presents 3D modeling and measurements of cross-field demagnetization in stacks of up to 5 tapes and initial magnetization modeling of stacks of up to 15 tapes. 3D modeling of the cross-field demagnetization explicitly shows that the critical current density, Jc, in the direction perpendicular to the tape surface does not play a role in cross-field demagnetization. When taking the measured anisotropic magnetic field dependence of Jc into account, 3D calculations agree with measurements with less than a 4% deviation, while the error of 2D modeling is much higher. Then, our 3D numerical methods can realistically predict cross-field demagnetization. Due to the force-free configuration of part of the current density, J, in the stack, better agreement with experiments will probably require measuring the Jc anisotropy for the whole solid angle range, including J parallel to the magnetic field.
MOESM1 of ExpressionPlot: a web-based framework for analysis of RNA-Seq and microarray gene expression data
Creators: name: Friedman, Brad
name: Maniatis, Tom
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary figures, methods, references, and description of other additional files. (PDF 731 KB)
Empowerment for the digital transformation : results of a structured blended-learning on-the-job training for practicing physicians in Germany
Creators: name: Bosch, Josefin
name: Ludwig, Christiane
name: Fluch-Niebuhr, Johannes
name: Stoevesandt, Dietrich
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 610

description: (1) Background: Practicing physicians have not been in the focus of structured qualifications in basic digital competences so far. However, they are the current gatekeepers to implement digital technologies and need empowerment to proactively take part in the ongoing digital transformation process. The present study investigates if a structured blended-learning training for practicing physicians in Germany enhances both physicians’ knowledge about central aspects of the digital transformation (including awareness of personal possibilities to act) and their attitudes towards a more digitally empowered mindset. (2) Methods: Participants (n = 32) self-assessed their knowledge (19 items, 10-point Likert-scale) and attitudes (6 items, 5-point Likert-scale) towards the digital transformation at the beginning and at the end of the training. MANCOVAs were conducted. (3) Results: Participants reported an increase in every knowledge domain, representing large effects (Hedges’ g 1.06 to 2.82). Attitudes were partly shifted towards a more empowered mindset with decreased insecurity towards technological, legal, and ethical aspects of the digital transformation (Hedges’ g −0.82 to −1.40). However, preparedness for the digital transformation remained low. (4) Conclusions: Generally, the hypotheses were confirmed. The presented on-the-job training had the desired effects on practicing physicians’ knowledge and attitudes. Nevertheless, additional empowerment and support are essential.
Inference for growing trees
Creators: name: Cantwell, George T.
name: St-Onge, Guillaume
name: Young, Jean-Gabriel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One can often make inferences about a growing network from its current state alone. For example, it is generally possible to determine how a network changed over time or pick among plausible mechanisms explaining its growth. In practice, however, the extent to which such problems can be solved is limited by existing techniques, which are often inexact, inefficient, or both. In this article we derive exact and efficient inference methods for growing trees and demonstrate them in a series of applications: network interpolation, history reconstruction, model fitting, and model selection.
Diamond power devices: state of the art, modelling, figures of merit and future perspective
Creators: name: Donato, N
name: Rouger, N
name: Pernot, J
name: Longobardi, G
name: Udrea, F
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Topical Review
diamond
power devices
wide bandgap semiconductors
figures of merit
power converters
packaging
modelling

description: Abstract: With its remarkable electro-thermal properties such as the highest known thermal conductivity (~22 W cm−1∙K−1 at RT of any material, high hole mobility (>2000 cm2 V−1 s−1), high critical electric field (>10 MV cm−1), and large band gap (5.47 eV), diamond has overwhelming advantages over silicon and other wide bandgap semiconductors (WBGs) for ultra-high-voltage and high-temperature (HT) applications (>3 kV and >450 K, respectively). However, despite their tremendous potential, fabricated devices based on this material have not yet delivered the expected high performance. The main reason behind this is the absence of shallow donor and acceptor species. The second reason is the lack of consistent physical models and design approaches specific to diamond-based devices that could significantly accelerate their development. The third reason is that the best performances of diamond devices are expected only when the highest electric field in reverse bias can be achieved, something that has not been widely obtained yet. In this context, HT operation and unique device structures based on the two-dimensional hole gas (2DHG) formation represent two alternatives that could alleviate the issue of the incomplete ionization of dopant species. Nevertheless, ultra-HT operations and device parallelization could result in severe thermal management issues and affect the overall stability and long-term reliability. In addition, problems connected to the reproducibility and long-term stability of 2DHG-based devices still need to be resolved. This review paper aims at addressing these issues by providing the power device research community with a detailed set of physical models, device designs and challenges associated with all the aspects of the diamond power device value chain, from the definition of figures of merit, the material growth and processing conditions, to packaging solutions and targeted applications. Finally, the paper will conclude with suggestions on how to design power converters with diamond devices and will provide the roadmap of diamond device development for power electronics.
Human drone interaction in delivery of medical supplies : a scoping review of experimental studies
Creators: name: Stephan, Franziska
name: Reinsperger, Nicole
name: Grünthal, Martin
name: Paulicke, Denny
name: Jahn, Patrick
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 615

description: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic, ageing populations and the increasing shortage of skilled workers pose great challenges for the delivery of supplies for people with and without care needs. The potential of drones, as unmanned air vehicles, in healthcare are huge and are discussed as an effective new way to delivery urgent medicines and medical devices, especially in rural areas. Although the advantages are obvious, perspectives of users are important particularly in the development process. Investigating human drone interaction could potentially increase usefulness and usability. The present study aims to perform a systematic scoping review on experimental studies examining the human drone interaction in deliveries of drugs and defibrillators. Methods: Two databases (MEDLINE and CINAHL) and references of identified publications were searched without narrowing the year of publication or language. Studies that investigated the human drone interaction or medical delivery with drones in an experimental manner were included (research articles). All studies that only simulated the delivery process were excluded. Results: The search revealed 83 publications with four studies being included. These studies investigated the user experience of drone delivered defibrillators, but no study was identified that investigated the human drone interaction in the delivery of drugs. Three categories of human drone interaction were identified: landing, handover, and communications. Regarding landing and handover, the most important issue was the direct physical contact with the drone while regarding communications users need clearer instructions about drone´s direction, sound and look like. Discussion: The identified studies used technology-driven approaches by investigating human drone interaction in already existing technologies. Users must become integral part of the whole development process of medical drone services to reduce concerns, and to improve security, usability and usefulness of the system. Human drone interaction should be developed according to the identified categories of human drone interaction by using demand- and technology-driven approaches.
of ExpressionPlot: a web-based framework for analysis of RNA-Seq and microarray gene expression data
Creators: name: Friedman, Brad
name: Maniatis, Tom
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: of ExpressionPlot: a web-based framework for analysis of RNA-Seq and microarray gene expression data
Demand, Supply, and Performance of Street-Hail Taxi
Creators: name: Zhang, Ruda
name: Ghanem, Roger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: G.3; J.2
subject: 60K20, 60K30, 90B06, 90B40, 91B68

description: Travel decisions are fundamental to understanding human mobility, urban economy, and sustainability, but measuring it is challenging and controversial. Previous studies of taxis are limited to taxi stands or hail markets at aggregate spatial units. Here we estimate the dynamic demand and supply of taxis in New York City (NYC) at street segment level, using in-vehicle Global Positioning System (GPS) data which preserve individual privacy. To this end, we model taxi demand and supply as non-stationary Poisson random fields on the road network, and pickups result from income-maximizing drivers searching for impatient passengers. With 868 million trip records of all 13,237 licensed taxis in NYC in 2009 - 2013, we show that while taxi demand are almost the same in 2011 and 2012, it declined about 2% in spring 2013, possibly caused by transportation network companies (TNCs) and fare raise. Contrary to common impression, street-hail taxis out-perform TNCs such as Uber in high-demand locations, suggesting a taxi/TNC regulation change to reduce congestion and pollution. We show that our demand estimates are stable at different supply levels and across years, a property not observed in existing matching functions. We also validate that taxi pickups can be modeled as Poisson processes. Our method is thus simple, feasible, and reliable in estimating street-hail taxi activities at a high spatial resolution; it helps quantify the ongoing discussion on congestion charges to taxis and TNCs.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables
An Analysis of Transit Bus Driver Distraction Using Multinomial Logistic Regression Models
Creators: name: D'Souza, Kelwyn
name: D'Souza, Kelwyn
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: This paper explores the problem of distracted driving at a regional bus transit agency to identify the sources of distraction and provide an understanding of factors responsible for driver distraction. A risk range system was developed to classify the distracting activities into four risk zones. The high risk zone distracting activities were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression models to determine the impact of various factors on the multiple categorical levels of driver distraction. The models demonstrated that the highest source of driver distractions was due to passenger-related activities and the level of distraction was influenced by driver demographics, driving hours, and location. The model results were validated by simulation over an entire range of random input variables. The model and results could assist in mitigating distraction and improving transit performance.
Acoustic and thermal transport properties of hard carbon formed from C60 fullerene
Creators: name: Lasjaunias, J. C.
name: Saint-Paul, M.
name: Bilusic, A.
name: Smontara, A.
name: Gradecak, S.
name: Tonejc, A. M.
name: Tonejc, A.
name: Kitamura, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on extended investigation of the thermal transport and acoustical properties on hard carbon samples obtained by pressurization of C60 fullerene. Structural investigations performed by different techniques on the same samples indicate a very inhomogeneous structure at different scales, based on fractal-like amorphous clusters on the micrometer to submillimetre scale, which act as strong acoustic scatterers, and scarce microcrystallites on the nanometer scale. Ultrasonic experiments show a rapid increase in the attenuation with frequency, corresponding to a decrease in the localization length for vibrations. The data give evidence for a crossover from extended phonon excitations to localized fracton excitations. The thermal conductivity is characterized by a monotonous increase versus temperature, power law T^(1.4), for T ranging from 0.1 to 10 K, without any well-defined plateau, and a strictly linear-in-T variation between 20 and 300K. The latter has to be related to the linear-in-T decrease of the sound velocity between 4 and 100 K, both linear regimes being characteristic of disordered or generally aperiodic structures, which can be analysed by the "phonon-fracton hopping" model developed for fractal and amorphous structures.
description: 30 pages, 8 EPS figures, 4 JPG pictures
Accuracy-Time Tradeoffs in AI-Assisted Decision Making under Time Pressure
Creators: name: Swaroop, Siddharth
name: Buçinca, Zana
name: Gajos, Krzysztof Z.
name: Doshi-Velez, Finale
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In settings where users both need high accuracy and are time-pressured, such as doctors working in emergency rooms, we want to provide AI assistance that both increases decision accuracy and reduces decision-making time. Current literature focusses on how users interact with AI assistance when there is no time pressure, finding that different AI assistances have different benefits: some can reduce time taken while increasing overreliance on AI, while others do the opposite. The precise benefit can depend on both the user and task. In time-pressured scenarios, adapting when we show AI assistance is especially important: relying on the AI assistance can save time, and can therefore be beneficial when the AI is likely to be right. We would ideally adapt what AI assistance we show depending on various properties (of the task and of the user) in order to best trade off accuracy and time. We introduce a study where users have to answer a series of logic puzzles. We find that time pressure affects how users use different AI assistances, making some assistances more beneficial than others when compared to no-time-pressure settings. We also find that a user's overreliance rate is a key predictor of their behaviour: overreliers and not-overreliers use different AI assistance types differently. We find marginal correlations between a user's overreliance rate (which is related to the user's trust in AI recommendations) and their personality traits (Big Five Personality traits). Overall, our work suggests that AI assistances have different accuracy-time tradeoffs when people are under time pressure compared to no time pressure, and we explore how we might adapt AI assistances in this setting.
Selective opposition-like control of large-scale structures in wall-bounded turbulence
Creators: name: Ibrahim, J I
name: Guseva, A
name: Garcia-Mayoral, R
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Paper

description: Abstract: We investigate the effect of controlling large-scale, logarithmic-layer turbulent structures, which have a characteristic size and aspect ratio that scale with the distance from the wall. The aim is to quantify the effect of suppressing these structures while leaving the near-wall turbulent dynamics unaltered. By affecting only the logarithmic-layer structures, it might be possible to isolate their contribution to the drag from that of the other scales in the flow. We conduct direct numerical simulations of turbulent channel flows at friction Reynolds number ReT ?s 500-1000 and artificially remove certain streamwise and spanwise wavelengths of the wall-normal velocity across a range of heights. The wavelengths chosen depend on the target height (and size) of the structures that we wish to target. When these wavelengths are removed, we observe a positive, outward shift of the mean velocity profile above the target height, due to a local reduction in Reynolds shear stress, and a subsequent increase in viscous stress. Our preliminary results suggest that this shift in the mean velocity profile scales in outer units.
Some Canadian Disasters: Their Measurement and Their Impact on Measurement
Creators: name: Baldwin, Gordon G.
name: Baldwin, Gordon G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
Risk and Uncertainty

description: Disasters are of interest to governments, firms and people as they can have significant impact of commercial activity, firms and people’s lives. For this reason, there is a need to measure their impact to help assess the options to prevent or to mitigate the consequences of future reoccurrences. Unfortunately, some disasters can complicate or make much more difficult the measurement or data collection exercise making even standard collection for analysis difficult. This paper uses some actual examples from past disasters (the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the ice storm of January 1998 and the power outage of August 2003). All had impact on transportation and the Canadian economy. The paper will show how the impacts of the disasters were measured and their impact on the measurement process itself.
Numerical optimisation of mechanical ring reinforcement for bulk high-temperature superconductors
Creators: name: Barthlott, D
name: Huang, K Y
name: Durrell, J H
name: Cardwell, D A
name: Holzapfel, B
name: Ainslie, M D
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Paper

description: Abstract: The finite element method has been used extensively in recent years to solve various problems related to applied superconductivity and provides a useful tool for analysing and predicting experimental results. Based on a recently-developed modelling framework, implemented in the finite element software package COMSOL Multiphysics, investigations on the minimum ring reinforcement required to prevent mechanical failure in bulk high-temperature superconducting magnets have been carried out. Assuming homogeneous Jc (B,T) across the bulk sample irrespective of its dimensions, the maximum magnetic stresses experienced, and the minimum ring thickness required to prevent the hoop and radial stresses from exceeding the tensile strength of the bulk superconductor have been determined for varying values of the Young’s modulus, radius, height and temperature of a representative single-grain Ag-containing Gd-Ba-Cu-O bulk sample. This comprehensive analysis details the influence each of these key parameters has on the magnetic stress and hence their impact on the necessary ring thickness to prevent mechanical failure in any given system, i.e., for any combination of material properties and sample dimensions.
Non-Bayesian Social Learning with Uncertain Models
Creators: name: Hare, James Z.
name: Uribe, Cesar A.
name: Kaplan, Lance
name: Jadbabaie, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Non-Bayesian social learning theory provides a framework that models distributed inference for a group of agents interacting over a social network. In this framework, each agent iteratively forms and communicates beliefs about an unknown state of the world with their neighbors using a learning rule. Existing approaches assume agents have access to precise statistical models (in the form of likelihoods) for the state of the world. However in many situations, such models must be learned from finite data. We propose a social learning rule that takes into account uncertainty in the statistical models using second-order probabilities. Therefore, beliefs derived from uncertain models are sensitive to the amount of past evidence collected for each hypothesis. We characterize how well the hypotheses can be tested on a social network, as consistent or not with the state of the world. We explicitly show the dependency of the generated beliefs with respect to the amount of prior evidence. Moreover, as the amount of prior evidence goes to infinity, learning occurs and is consistent with traditional social learning theory.
Freight Origin and Destination Study for Washington State Trucking: Characteristics and Trends
Creators: name: Peterson, Steven K.
name: Jessup, Eric L.
name: Casavant, Kenneth L.
name: Peterson, Steven K.
name: Jessup, Eric L.
name: Casavant, Kenneth L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: This paper reports on an extensive study of the origin, destination and other characteristics of trucks in the state of Washington conducted in 2003-2004, presenting findings and comparison to a similar study done in the state in 1994-1995. Over 24,000 interviews at 28 locations, over four seasons, were conducted in the survey, providing a comprehensive overview of freight movements in the state. This allowed in depth comparisons to the movements revealed in the earlier study when 28,000 truckers at the same 28 locations were interviewed. The paper will present the methodology of these surveys, surveys that to the authors’ knowledge are the first and only ones done in the nation that provided this intimate and detailed information on a statewide basis. Particular attention will be paid to the data management techniques utilized in this massive data base, since much of it is incorporated into a GIS Framework and modeling framework. Information types produced in the surveys include the carrier, truck type, unloaded truck weight, payload weight, commodity type, and the facility types at the origin and destinations. Detailed information on the highways and routes used by the drivers was also collected as an aid in identifying the major and minor freight corridors in and through Washington. Examples of sub analyses that have been done will be presented, along with determination of policy issues of congestion, mobility and investment needs that can be examined with these data sets. Comparison of intra state movement to out of state destination and origins provides interesting policy implications to funding at the state or Federal level. A short list of examples of recent data usage requests by the WSDOT, cities, ports, railroads and consulting firms will indicate how these data add value to the planning and investment decisions by private and public decision makers.
Does it make any sense to talk about a Delta-isobar?
Creators: name: Kleefeld, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shortly investigated, on what basis an experimentally observed resonance like the Delta(1232)-isobar can be embedded into the framework of Quantum Theory (QT), i.e. Quantum Field Theory (QFT) and Quantum Mechanics (QM). After a short discussion of the particle concept in the context of the "bootstrap" idea of G. Chew and S. Mandelstam we will focus on the theoretical formalism being necessary to describe resonances in the Lagrangian or Hamiltonian formulation of QT.
description: 6 pages, no figures; contribution to the 2002 CFIF Fall Workshop on "Nuclear Dynamics: from Quarks to Nuclei", CFIF, IST, Lisbon, Portugal, 31.10.-2.11.2002
Experimental Solutions to the High-Dimensional Mean King's Problem
Creators: name: Jaouni, Tareq
name: Gao, Xiaoqin
name: Arlt, Sören
name: Krenn, Mario
name: Karimi, Ebrahim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In 1987, Vaidman, Aharanov, and Albert put forward a puzzle called the Mean King's Problem (MKP) that can be solved only by harnessing quantum entanglement. Prime-powered solutions to the problem have been shown to exist, but they have not yet been experimentally realized for any dimension beyond two. We propose a general first-of-its-kind experimental scheme for solving the MKP in prime dimensions ($D$). Our search is guided by the digital discovery framework PyTheus, which finds highly interpretable graph-based representations of quantum optical experimental setups; using it, we find specific solutions and generalize to higher dimensions through human insight. As proof of principle, we present a detailed investigation of our solution for the three-, five-, and seven-dimensional cases. We obtain maximum success probabilities of $72.8 \%$, $45.8\%$, and $34.8 \%$, respectively. We, therefore, posit that our computer-inspired scheme yields solutions that exceed the classical probability ($1/D$) twofold, demonstrating its promise for experimental implementation.
description: Fixed unusual visual aberration in Figure 2, and moved Acknowledgements section
Realisation of Hybrid Trapped Field Magnetic Lens (HTFML) consisting of REBCO bulk lens and REBCO bulk cylinder at 77 K
Creators: name: Namba, S
name: Fujishiro, H
name: Naito, T
name: Ainslie, M D
name: Zhou, D
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Paper

description: Abstract: A hybrid trapped field magnet lens (HTFML) can reliably generate a concentrated magnetic field, B c, in the centre of the magnetic lens higher than the trapped field of the trapped field magnet (TFM) and the applied magnetic field, B app, even after the external magnetizing field decreased to zero. In this paper, the performance of HTFMLs consisting of EuBaCuO bulk TFM with various heights and a GdBaCuO bulk magnetic lens was investigated at 77 K using liquid nitrogen. A concentrated magnetic field of B c = 0.80 T was achieved at the centre of the HTFML for the tallest TFM after removing an applied magnetic field of B app = 0.50 T. The influence of the height of the outer TFM cylinder on the final concentrated field was studied experimentally and discussed using numerical simulation.
Simulation of mechanical stresses in reinforced REBaCuO ring bulks during pulsed-field magnetization
Creators: name: Hirano, T.
name: Fujishiro, H.
name: Naito, T.
name: Ainslie, M. D.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Paper

description: Abstract: We have performed numerical simulations of the electromagnetic, thermal and mechanical properties of a REBaCuO ring-shaped bulk with various reinforcement structures during pulsed-field magnetization (PFM). Compressive and tensile electromagnetic stresses, σ θ mag , are developed in the ring-shaped bulk during the ascending and descending stages of PFM, respectively. These stresses increase at lower operating temperatures and for higher applied pulsed fields. In order to reduce these stresses, the ring-shaped bulk was fully encapsulated by outer and inner ring with upper and lower plates made by Al alloy. In particular, this reinforcement structure can achieve the lowest electromagnetic compressive stress, which corresponds to about 54% of that for a conventional ring reinforcement structure, and the electromagnetic tensile stress was also reduced. We also compared the simulation results of the electromagnetic stresses for the ring-shaped bulk to those for a disk-shaped bulk.
Accretion spin-up of the massive component in the neutron star stripping model for short gamma-ray bursts
Creators: name: Kramarev, Nikita
name: Yudin, Andrey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we use analytical methods to study the last stages of the double neutron star (NS) system evolution. Depending on the initial masses of the components, this evolution can occur either in the framework of the merging scenario or in the NS stripping model. The main new ingredient of this work, compared with the previous calculations, is accounting for accretion spin-up of the massive component. This effect leads to a significant decrease in the duration of the stable mass transfer of matter in the stripping mechanism. Within the framework of the Newtonian approximation, we determine the mass boundary between the merging and stripping scenarios. It is shown that this boundary weakly depends on the total mass of the system and the specific form of the NS equation of state and is determined mainly by the initial mass ratio of the components. The stripping scenario is realized at M2/M1<0.8, so it should make a large contribution to the population of close to us gravitational wave events from NS-NS coalescing binaries and accompanying short gamma-ray bursts. Nevertheless, the value obtained requires further clarification, taking into account relativistic effects, possible non-conservative mass transfer, etc.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures. Few typos and Fig.5 are corrected
Sensitivity of the Mott Transition to Non-cubic Splitting of the Orbital Degeneracy: Application to NH3 K3C60
Creators: name: Manini, Nicola
name: Santoro, Giuseppe E.
name: Corso, Andrea Dal
name: Tosatti, Erio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within dynamical mean-field theory, we study the metal-insulator transition of a twofold orbitally degenerate Hubbard model as a function of a splitting Δof the degeneracy. The phase diagram in the U-Δplane exhibits two-band and one-band metals, as well as the Mott insulator. The correlated two-band metal is easily driven to the insulator state by a strikingly weak splitting Δ<< W of the order of the Kondo-peak width zW, where z << 1 is the metal quasiparticle weight. The possible relevance of this result to the insulator-metal transition in the orthorhombic expanded fulleride NH3 K3C60 is discussed.
description: revtex, 15 pages including 6 ps figures. Submitted to Phys. Rev. B
Vector-valued holomorphic functions in several variables
Creators: name: Kruse, Karsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46E40, 32A10, 46E10

description: In the present paper we give some explicit proofs for folklore theorems on holomorphic functions in several variables with values in a locally complete locally convex Hausdorff space $E$ over $\mathbb{C}$. Most of the literature on vector-valued holomorphic functions is either devoted to the case of one variable or to infinitely many variables whereas the case of (finitely many) several variables is only touched or is subject to stronger restrictions on the completeness of $E$ like sequential completeness. The main tool we use is Cauchy's integral formula for derivatives for an $E$-valued holomorphic function in several variables which we derive via Pettis-integration. This allows us to generalise the known integral formula, where usually a Riemann-integral is used, from sequentially complete $E$ to locally complete $E$. Among the classical theorems for holomorphic functions in several variables with values in a locally complete space $E$ we prove are the identity theorem, Liouville's theorem, Riemann's removable singularities theorem and the density of the polynomials in the $E$-valued polydisc algebra.