cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
An Optimal Control Approach to Herglotz Variational Problems
Creators: name: Santos, Simao P. S.
name: Martins, Natalia
name: Torres, Delfim F. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We address the generalized variational problem of Herglotz from an optimal control point of view. Using the theory of optimal control, we derive a generalized Euler-Lagrange equation, a transversality condition, a DuBois-Reymond necessary optimality condition and Noether's theorem for Herglotz's fundamental problem, valid for piecewise smooth functions.
description: This is a preprint of a paper whose final and definite form will be published in Springer Communications in Computer and Information Science (CCIS), ISSN 1865-0929. Paper submitted 3/Aug/2014; revised 26/Nov/2014; accepted for publication 27/Nov/2014
Nanomicelles of Radium Dichloride [223Ra]RaCl2 Co-Loaded with Radioactive Gold [198Au]Au Nanoparticles for Targeted Alpha–Beta Radionuclide Therapy of Osteosarcoma
Creators: name: Souza, Bárbara Nayane Rosário Fernandes
name: Attia, Mohamed F.
name: Alencar, Luciana Magalhães Rebelo
name: Pijeira, Martha Sahylí Ortega
name: Ribeiro, Elisabete Regina Fernandes Ramos
name: da Silva de Barros, Aline Oliveira
name: Santos-Oliveira, Ralph
name: dos Santos, Clenilton Costa
name: Kenup-Hernandes, Hericka Oliveira
name: Gemini-Piperni, Sara
name: Ricci-Junior, Eduardo
name: Diniz Filho, Joel Félix Silva
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Alpha and beta particulate radiation are used for non-treated neoplasia, due to their ability to reach and remain in tumor sites. Radium-223 (223Ra), an alpha emitter, promotes localized cytotoxic effects, while radioactive gold (198Au), beta-type energy, reduces radiation in the surrounding tissues. Nanotechnology, including several radioactive nanoparticles, can be safely and effectively used in cancer treatment. In this context, this study aims to analyze the antitumoral effects of [223Ra]Ra nanomicelles co-loaded with radioactive gold nanoparticles ([198Au]AuNPs). For this, we synthesize and characterize nanomicelles, as well as analyze some parameters, such as particle size, radioactivity emission, dynamic light scattering, and microscopic atomic force. [223Ra]Ra nanomicelles co-loaded with [198Au]AuNPs, with simultaneous alpha and beta emission, showed no instability, a mean particle size of 296 nm, and a PDI of 0.201 (±0.096). Furthermore, nanomicelles were tested in an in vitro cytotoxicity assay. We observed a significant increase in tumor cell death using combined alpha and beta therapy in the same formulation, compared with these components used alone. Together, these results show, for the first time, an efficient association between alpha and beta therapies, which could become a promising tool in the control of tumor progression.
Aging-Related Behavioral, Adiposity, and Glucose Impairments and Their Association following Prenatal Alcohol Exposure in the C57BL/6J Mouse
Creators: name: Mooney, Sandra M.
name: Smith, Susan M.
name: Presswood, Brandon H.
name: Friday, Walter B.
name: Walter, Kathleen R.
name: Pjetri, Eneda
name: Ricketts, Dane K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: People that experience prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) may have behavioral and metabolic impairments, and it is unclear whether these remain stable or change with age. We assessed behavioral and metabolic endpoints across the lifespan in a mouse model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Pregnant C57BL/6J mice received alcohol (ALC; 3 g/kg) or maltose-dextrin (control, CON) daily from embryonic day 8.5 to 17.5. Offspring were tested on accelerating rotarod, Y-maze, novel object recognition, and fear conditioning at 6 weeks and 10 and 17 months; females were also tested at 24 months. Body composition, fasting glucose, and glucose clearance were assessed at 18 months. Female but not male ALC mice had greater adiposity than age-matched CON from 7 months onward. At 18 months, male but not female ALC mice had reduced glucose clearance and ALC mice were more likely to have elevated fasting glucose. In the rotarod training session, ALC females performed worse than CON. In the Y-maze, significant exposure-age interactions affected ALC performance in both sexes versus age-match CON. For fear conditioning, all animals acquired the task and froze more at older ages. In both the context and cued tasks, there were exposure-age interactions and ALC animals frozen less than CON at 10 months. Correlation analysis revealed that fasting glucose and glucose clearance correlated with % of body fat in ALC but not in CON mice. Additionally, glucose intolerance and % body fat negatively correlated with performance in the rotarod, context learning, and novel object recognition tasks in ALC but not CON mice. All mice exhibit worsening of behavioral performance as they age, and PAE did not further exacerbate this. ALC but not CON mice displayed adiposity and glucose intolerance that correlate with their cognitive impairments, suggesting that these may be mechanistically related in PAE. Findings emphasize that FASD should be considered a whole-body disorder.
Mapping Impervious Surface Using Phenology-Integrated and Fisher Transformed Linear Spectral Mixture Analysis
Creators: name: Wang, Meng
name: Song, Conghe
name: Li, Junxiang
name: Wu, Caiyan
name: Yu, Qian
name: Liu, Yuhan
name: Han, Ji
name: Ouyang, Linke
name: Haase, Dagmar
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: The impervious surface area (ISA) is a key indicator of urbanization, which brings out serious adverse environmental and ecological consequences. The ISA is often estimated from remotely sensed data via spectral mixture analysis (SMA). However, accurate extraction of ISA using SMA is compromised by two major factors, endmember spectral variability and plant phenology. This study developed a novel approach that incorporates phenology with Fisher transformation into a conventional linear spectral mixture analysis (PF-LSMA) to address these challenges. Four endmembers, high albedo, low albedo, evergreen vegetation, and seasonally exposed soil (H-L-EV-SS) were identified for PF-LSMA, considering the phenological characteristic of Shanghai. Our study demonstrated that the PF-LSMA effectively reduced the within-endmember spectral signature variation and accounted for the endmember phenology effects, and thus well-discriminated impervious surface from seasonally exposed soil, enhancing the accuracy of ISA extraction. The ISA fraction map produced by PF-LSMA (RMSE = 0.1112) outperforms the single-date image Fisher transformed unmixing method (F-LSMA) (RMSE = 0.1327) and the other existing major global ISA products. The PF-LSMA was implemented on the Google Earth Engine platform and thus can be easily adapted to extract ISA in other places with similar climate conditions.
Estimating outcome probabilities of quantum circuits using quasiprobabilities
Creators: name: Pashayan, Hakop
name: Wallman, Joel J.
name: Bartlett, Stephen D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a method for estimating the probabilities of outcomes of a quantum circuit using Monte Carlo sampling techniques applied to a quasiprobability representation. Our estimate converges to the true quantum probability at a rate determined by the total negativity in the circuit, using a measure of negativity based on the 1-norm of the quasiprobability. If the negativity grows at most polynomially in the size of the circuit, our estimator converges efficiently. These results highlight the role of negativity as a measure of non-classical resources in quantum computation.
description: 5 pages + 1 page appendix, 1 figure, comments welcome; v2 published version
Dark Matter via Massive (bi-)Gravity
Creators: name: Blanchet, Luc
name: Heisenberg, Lavinia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we investigate the existence of relativistic models for dark matter in the context of bimetric gravity, used here to reproduce the modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) at galactic scales. For this purpose we consider two different species of dark matter particles that separately couple to the two metrics of bigravity. These two sectors are linked together \textit{via} an internal $U(1)$ vector field, and some effective composite metric built out of the two metrics. Among possible models only certain classes of kinetic and interaction terms are allowed without invoking ghost degrees of freedom. Along these lines we explore the number of allowed kinetic terms in the theory and point out the presence of ghosts in a previous model. Finally, we propose a promising class of ghost-free candidate theories that could provide the MOND phenomenology at galactic scales while reproducing the standard cold dark matter (CDM) model at cosmological scales.
description: 7 pages, references added, typos corrected, journal version
Quality of Heusler Single Crystals Examined by Depth Dependent Positron Annihilation Techniques
Creators: name: Hugenschmidt, C
name: Bauer, A
name: Böni, P
name: Ceeh, H
name: Eijt, S W H
name: Gigl, T
name: Pfleiderer, C
name: Piochacz, C
name: Neubauer, A
name: Reiner, M
name: Schut, H
name: Weber, J
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Heusler compounds exhibit a wide range of different electronic ground states and are hence expected to be applicable as functional materials in novel electronic and spintronic devices. Since the growth of large and defect-free Heusler crystals is still challenging, single crystals of Fe2TiSn and Cu2MnAl were grown by the optical floating zone technique. Two positron annihilation techniques -Angular Correlation of Annihilation Radiation (ACAR) and Doppler Broadening Spectroscopy (DBS)- were applied in order to study both, the electronic structure and lattice defects. Recently, we succeeded to observe clearly the anisotropy of the Fermi surface of Cu2MnAl, whereas the spectra of Fe2TiSn were disturbed by foreign phases. In order to estimate the defect concentration in different samples of Heusler compounds the positron diffusion length was determined by DBS using a monoenergetic positron beam.
Effects of awareness diffusion and self-initiated awareness behavior on epidemic spreading - an approach based on multiplex networks
Creators: name: Kan, Jia-Qian
name: Zhang, Hai-Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we study the interplay between the epidemic spreading and the diffusion of awareness in multiplex networks. In the model, an infectious disease can spread in one network representing the paths of epidemic spreading (contact network), leading to the diffusion of awareness in the other network (information network), and then the diffusion of awareness will cause individuals to take social distances, which in turn affects the epidemic spreading. As for the diffusion of awareness, we assume that, on the one hand, individuals can be informed by other aware neighbors in information network, on the other hand, the susceptible individuals can be self-awareness induced by the infected neighbors in the contact networks (local information) or mass media (global information). Through Markov chain approach and numerical computations, we find that the density of infected individuals and the epidemic threshold can be affected by the structures of the two networks and the effective transmission rate of the awareness. However, we prove that though the introduction of the self-awareness can lower the density of infection, which cannot increase the epidemic threshold no matter of the local information or global information. Our finding is remarkably different to many previous results--local information based behavioral response can alter the epidemic threshold.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures
Polar Kerr effect from a time-reversal symmetry breaking unidirectional charge density wave
Creators: name: Gradhand, Martin
name: Eremin, Ilya
name: Knolle, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the Hall conductivity $σ_{xy}(ω)$ of a charge ordered state with momentum $\mathbf{Q}=(0,2Q)$ and calculate the intrinsic contribution to the Kerr angle $Θ_K$ using the fully reconstructed tight-binding band structure for layered cuprates beyond the low energy hot spots model and particle hole symmetry. We show that such a unidirectional charge density wave (CDW), which breaks time reversal symmetry as recently put forward by Wang and Chubukov [Phys. Rev. B {\bf 90}, 035149 (2014)], leads to a nonzero polar Kerr effect as observed experimentally. In addition, we model a fluctuating CDW via a large quasiparticle damping of the order of the CDW gap and discuss possible implications for the pseudogap phase. We can qualitatively reproduce previous measurements of underdoped cuprates but making quantitative connections to experiments is hampered by the sensitivity of the polar Kerr effect with respect to the complex refractive index $n(ω)$.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
EatWellNow: Formative Development of a Place-Based Behavioral “Nudge” Technology Intervention to Promote Healthier Food Purchases among Army Soldiers
Creators: name: Moore, Courtney
name: Enahora, Basheerah
name: Ammerman, Alice S.
name: McGuirt, Jared T.
name: Dunnagan, Danielle
name: Bedno, Sheryl
name: Tucker-McLaughlin, Mary
name: Prentice-Dunn, Hannah
name: Gustafson, Alison
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Approximately 17% of military service members are obese. Research involving army soldiers suggests a lack of awareness of healthy foods on post. Innovative approaches are needed to change interactions with the military food environment. Two complementary technological methods to raise awareness are geofencing (deliver banner ads with website links) and Bluetooth beacons (real-time geotargeted messages to mobile phones that enter a designated space). There is little published literature regarding the feasibility of this approach to promote healthy behaviors in retail food environments. Thus, we conducted a formative feasibility study of a military post to understand the development, interest in, and implementation of EatWellNow, a multi-layered interactive food environment approach using contextual messaging to improve food purchasing decisions within the military food environment. We measured success based on outcomes of a formative evaluation, including process, resources, management, and scientific assessment. We also report data on interest in the approach from a Fort Bragg community health assessment survey (n = 3281). Most respondents agreed that they were interested in receiving push notifications on their phone about healthy options on post (64.5%) and that receiving these messages would help them eat healthier (68.3%). EatWellNow was successfully developed through cross-sector collaboration and was well received in this military environment, suggesting feasibility in this setting. Future work should examine the impact of EatWellNow on military service food purchases and dietary behaviors.
Exploring a New Theoretical Model to Explain the Behavior of Medication Adherence
Creators: name: Bae, Sun
name: Unni, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Medication adherence is essential for optimal therapeutic outcomes. However, non-adherence with long-term therapy is at 50%. Several theoretical models have identified several key factors that could explain medication adherence. Though numerous interventions have been developed based on these theoretical models, the success rates with interventions are not the best. This paper proposes a new Hierarchical Model for Medication Adherence. In this model, we propose medication adherence as a five-tier model with medication adherence as the desirable behavior on the top of the pyramid. From the bottom of the hierarchy upwards, the skills/beliefs/behaviors to be achieved are: health literacy, belief in illness (impacted by perceived susceptibility and severity of illness), belief in medicines (impacted by treatment satisfaction), and self-efficacy (impacted by social support). The model further proposes that each individual will achieve or already have these skills/beliefs/behaviors at various levels. Screening patients for these benchmarks will enable providers to decide where to target interventions.
MPEC 2023-Q158 : DAILY ORBIT UPDATE (2023 August 29)
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Construction and validation of an affordable hydrogen peroxide vapour decontamination system
Creators: name: Chartray-Pronovost, Mathieu
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
subject: Mechanical Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering
subject: Heat Transfer, Combustion
subject: Biomedical Devices and Instrumentation
subject: Engineering

description: Design files used to build a vaporized hydrogen peroxide decontamination system. Included are CAD files, 3D printing STL files, drawings and images.
Gender-equality paradox in chess participation - reply-to-commentary
Creators: name: VISHKIN, ALLON
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Social Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Vishkin, A. (in press). The gender-equality paradox in chess participation is partially explained by the generational shift account, but fully inconsistent with existing alternative accounts: A partial concession and reply to Napp and Breda (2022). Psychological Science.
Watak Paternalisme dalam Istilah Senior
Creators: name: Zustiyantoro, Dhoni
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 470405
subject: Discourse and pragmatics
classificationCode: 470312
subject: Indonesian languages

description: Makna kata “senior” saat ini lebih menunjukkan watak paternalisme yang feodalistis. Mengapa begitu?
IRAQ: Drivers and Trajectories of Migration to Europe
Creators: name: DIOP, Lanciné Eric Nestor
name: Kessler, Carsten
name: Basheer, Saeed
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: migration drivers
migration trajectories
Iraq
Europe

description: The recent development in migration research tends to highlight the necessity of going beyond the traditional theoretical framework for understanding why people migrate at the given point in time. The push and pull framework despite its relevance is limited for understanding migrations decision making and process. Instead, the FUME (Future migration scenarios in Europe) project called for analysing migration as a non-linear and fragmented process whereby cities could on the one hand serve as a stepping stone for further transnational migration or on the other, become a destination for people who initially wanted to migrate internationally. It is therefore a prerequisite for understanding the present and future determinants of migration decision to understand how the complexity of the interaction between different temporalities and trajectories and lived experiences in urban areas inform and help re-evaluate migrations aspirations and projects. This research draws on qualitative interviews with experts and potential migrants in two cities in the Kurdistan Iraqi region and advocates for an understanding of migration decisions that account for socio-cultural and geographical and temporal perspectives. In other words, the changes reflect the lived experience of Iraqis, especially those of religious or ethnic minorities. Iraq’s transition to a relatively stable economy has shifted the migration processes from a safety-driven phenomenon to an economic one. Regardless of the time of their arrival in the cities of Duhok and Zakho, Informants, particularly, those who stayed over 10 years, show a sense of belonging to a place, especially as their families succeed in establishing a safe and peaceful life. However, for the Government to improve work opportunities, leaving many informants shimmering a potential move to a place such as Europe, which is more perceived as an attainable dream than a concrete
 and realistic project.
Guida dello studente per la Facoltà di Ingegneria. Anno accademico 1976-1977
Creators: name: Università Degli Studi Di Bologna,
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 1976

description: La Guida delinea il complesso dell’offerta formativa della Facoltà di Ingegneria, in diversi anni accademici, indicando le modalità di accesso ai Corsi di studio, i piani didattici e i programmi degli insegnamenti.
Guida dello studente per la Facoltà di Ingegneria. Anno accademico 1977-1978
Creators: name: Università Degli Studi Di Bologna,
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 1977

description: La Guida delinea il complesso dell’offerta formativa della Facoltà di Ingegneria, in diversi anni accademici, indicando le modalità di accesso ai Corsi di studio, i piani didattici e i programmi degli insegnamenti.
MiRKAT-MC: A Distance-Based Microbiome Kernel Association Test With Multi-Categorical Outcomes
Creators: name: Zhao, Ni
name: He, Mengyu
name: Zhan, Xiang
name: Chen, Jun
name: Jiang, Zhiwen
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Increasing evidence has elucidated that the microbiome plays a critical role in many human diseases. Apart from continuous and binary traits that measure the extent or presence of a disease, multi-categorical outcomes including variations/subtypes of a disease or ordinal levels of disease severity are commonly seen in clinical studies. On top of that, studies with clustered design (i.e., family-based and longitudinal studies) are popular alternatives to population-based ones as they are able to identify characteristics on both individual and population levels and to investigate the trajectory of traits of interest over time. However, existing methods for microbiome association analysis are inadequate to handle multi-categorical outcomes, neither independent nor clustered data. We propose a microbiome kernel association test with multi-categorical outcomes (MiRKAT-MC). Our method is versatile to deal with both nominal and ordinal outcomes for independent and clustered data. In addition, it incorporates multiple ecological distances to allow for different association patterns between outcomes and microbiome compositions to be incorporated. A computationally efficient pseudo-permutation strategy is used to evaluate the statistical significance. Comprehensive simulations show that MiRKAT-MC preserves the nominal type I error and increases statistical powers under various scenarios and data types. We also apply MiRKAT-MC to real data sets with nominal and ordinal outcomes to gain biological insights. MiRKAT-MC is easy to implement, and freely available via an R package at https://github.com/Zhiwen-Owen-Jiang/MiRKATMC with a Graphical User Interface through R Shinny also available.
Rationale for Utilization of Hydrogel Rectal Spacers in Dose Escalated SBRT for the Treatment of Unfavorable Risk Prostate Cancer
Creators: name: Creswell, Michael
name: Kataria, Shaan
name: Hankins, Ryan A.
name: Lee, Jacqueline
name: Collins, Sean P.
name: Forsthoefel, Matthew
name: Obayomi-Davies, Olusola
name: Lei, Siyuan
name: Carrasquilla, Michael
name: Repka, Michael C.
name: Lischalk, Jonathan W.
name: Suy, Simeng
name: Aghdam, Nima
name: Collins, Brian T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: In this review we outline the current evidence for the use of hydrogel rectal spacers in the treatment paradigm for prostate cancer with external beam radiation therapy. We review their development, summarize clinical evidence, risk of adverse events, best practices for placement, treatment planning considerations and finally we outline a framework and rationale for the utilization of rectal spacers when treating unfavorable risk prostate cancer with dose escalated Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT).
Assembly of repetitive regions using next-generation sequencing data
Creators: name: Nowak, Robert M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: High read depth can be used to assemble short sequence repeats. The existing genome assemblers fail in repetitive regions of longer than average read. I propose a new algorithm for a DNA assembly which uses the relative frequency of reads to properly reconstruct repetitive sequences. The mathematical model shows the upper limits of accuracy of the results as a function of read coverage. For high coverage, the estimation error depends linearly on repetitive sequence length and inversely proportional to the sequencing coverage. The algorithm requires high read depth, provided by the next-generation sequencers and could use the existing data. The tests on errorless reads, generated in silico from several model genomes, pointed the properly reconstructed repetitive sequences, where existing assemblers fail.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, 6 tables. The C++ sources, the Python scripts and the additional data are available at http://dnaasm.sourceforge.org
Guida dello studente per la Facoltà di Ingegneria. Anno accademico 1978-1979
Creators: name: Università Degli Studi Di Bologna,
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 1978

description: La Guida delinea il complesso dell’offerta formativa della Facoltà di Ingegneria, in diversi anni accademici, indicando le modalità di accesso ai Corsi di studio, i piani didattici e i programmi degli insegnamenti.
Guida dello studente per la Facoltà di Ingegneria. Anno accademico 1979-1980
Creators: name: Università Degli Studi Di Bologna,
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 1979

description: La Guida delinea il complesso dell’offerta formativa della Facoltà di Ingegneria, in diversi anni accademici, indicando le modalità di accesso ai Corsi di studio, i piani didattici e i programmi degli insegnamenti.
Interpretation of Helioseismic Travel Times - Sensitivity to Sound Speed, Pressure, Density, and Flows
Creators: name: Burston, Raymond
name: Gizon, Laurent
name: Birch, Aaron C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Time-distance helioseismology uses cross-covariances of wave motions on the solar surface to determine the travel times of wave packets moving from one surface location to another. We review the methodology to interpret travel-time measurements in terms of small, localized perturbations to a horizontally homogeneous reference solar model. Using the first Born approximation, we derive and compute 3D travel-time sensitivity (Fréchet) kernels for perturbations in sound-speed, density, pressure, and vector flows. While kernels for sound speed and flows had been computed previously, here we extend the calculation to kernels for density and pressure, hence providing a complete description of the effects of solar dynamics and structure on travel times. We treat three thermodynamic quantities as independent and do not assume hydrostatic equilibrium. We present a convenient approach to computing damped Green's functions using a normal-mode summation. The Green's function must be computed on a wavenumber grid that has sufficient resolution to resolve the longest lived modes. The typical kernel calculations used in this paper are computer intensive and require on the order of 600 CPU hours per kernel. Kernels are validated by computing the travel-time perturbation that results from horizontally-invariant perturbations using two independent approaches. At fixed sound-speed, the density and pressure kernels are approximately related through a negative multiplicative factor, therefore implying that perturbations in density and pressure are difficult to disentangle. Mean travel-times are not only sensitive to sound-speed, density and pressure perturbations, but also to flows, especially vertical flows. Accurate sensitivity kernels are needed to interpret complex flow patterns such as convection.
Guida dello studente per la Facoltà di Ingegneria. Anno accademico 1980-1981
Creators: name: Università Degli Studi Di Bologna,
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 1980

description: La Guida delinea il complesso dell’offerta formativa della Facoltà di Ingegneria, in diversi anni accademici, indicando le modalità di accesso ai Corsi di studio, i piani didattici e i programmi degli insegnamenti.
A DNA G-quadruplex/i-motif hybrid
Creators: name: Chu, Betty
name: Zhang, Daoning
name: Paukstelis, Paul J.
Publisher: name: Oxford U Press
Year: 2019

description: Partial funding for Open Access provided by the UMD Libraries' Open Access Publishing Fund.
description: DNA can form many structures beyond the canonical Watson–Crick double helix. It is now clear that noncanonical structures are present in genomic DNA and have biological functions. G-rich G-quadruplexes and C-rich i-motifs are the most well-characterized noncanonical DNA motifs that have been detected in vivo with either proscribed or postulated biological roles. Because of their independent sequence requirements, these structures have largely been considered distinct types of quadruplexes. Here, we describe the crystal structure of the DNA oligonucleotide, d(CCAGGCTGCAA), that self-associates to form a quadruplex structure containing two central antiparallel G-tetrads and six i-motif C–C+ base pairs. Solution studies suggest a robust structural motif capable of assembling as a tetramer of individual strands or as a dimer when composed of tandem repeats. This hybrid structure highlights the growing structural diversity of DNA and suggests that biological systems may harbor many functionally important non-duplex structures.
Harnessing the Anti-Tumor Mediators in Mast Cells as a New Strategy for Adoptive Cell Transfer for Cancer
Creators: name: Ahani, Elnaz
name: Motaghed, Mona
name: Fereydouni, Mohammad
name: Kafri, Tal
name: Dellinger, Kristen
name: Kepley, Christopher L.
name: Metcalfe, Dean D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: The emergence of cancer immunotherapies utilizing adoptive cell transfer (ACT) continues to be one of the most promising strategies for cancer treatment. Mast cells (MCs) which occur throughout vascularized tissues, are most commonly associated with Type I hypersensitivity, bind immunoglobin E (IgE) with high affinity, produce anti-cancer mediators such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and generally populate the tumor microenvironments. Yet, the role of MCs in cancer pathologies remains controversial with evidence for both anti-tumor and pro-tumor effects. Here, we review the studies examining the role of MCs in multiple forms of cancer, provide an alternative, MC-based hypothesis underlying the mechanism of therapeutic tumor IgE efficacy in clinical trials, and propose a novel strategy for using tumor-targeted, IgE-sensitized MCs as a platform for developing new cellular cancer immunotherapies. This autologous MC cancer immunotherapy could have several advantages over current cell-based cancer immunotherapies and provide new mechanistic strategies for cancer therapeutics alone or in combination with current approaches.
The Shifting Salience of Skin Color for Educational Attainment
Creators: name: Branigan, Amelia R.
name: Freese, Jeremy
name: Sidney, Stephen
name: Kiefe, Catarina I.
Publisher: name: Sage
Year: 2019

description: Partial funding for Open Access provided by the UMD Libraries' Open Access Publishing Fund.
description: Findings of an association between skin color and educational attainment have been fairly consistent among Americans born before the civil rights era, but little is known regarding the persistence of this relationship in later born cohorts. The authors ask whether the association between skin color and educational attainment has changed between black American baby boomers and millennials. The authors observe a large and statistically significant decline in the association between skin color and educational attainment between baby boomer and millennial black women, whereas the decline in this association between the two cohorts of black men is smaller and nonsignificant. Compared with baby boomers, a greater percentage of the association between skin color and educational attainment among black millennials appears to reflect educational disparities in previous generations. These results emphasize the need to conceptualize colorism as an intersectional problem and suggest caution when generalizing evidence of colorism in earlier cohorts to young adults today.
Autophagy May Allow a Cell to Forbear Pyroptosis When Confronted With Cytosol-Invasive Bacteria
Creators: name: Miao, Edward A.
name: Harvest, Carissa K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Inflammatory caspases detect cytosol-invasive Gram-negative bacteria by monitoring for the presence of LPS in the cytosol. This should provide defense against the cytosol-invasive Burkholderia and Shigella species by lysing the infected cell via pyroptosis. However, recent evidence has shown caspase-11 and gasdermin D activation can result in two different outcomes: pyroptosis and autophagy. Burkholderia cepacia complex has the ability invade the cytosol but is unable to inhibit caspase-11 and gasdermin D. Yet instead of activating pyroptosis during infection with these bacteria, the autophagy pathway is stimulated through caspases and gasdermin D. In contrast, Burkholderia thailandensis can invade the cytosol where caspasae-11 and gasdermin D is activated but the result is pyroptosis of the infected cell. In this review we propose a hypothetical model to explain why autophagy would be the solution to kill one type of Burkholderia species, but another Burkholderia species is killed by pyroptosis. For pathogens with high virulence, pyroptosis is the only solution to kill bacteria. This explains why some pathogens, such as Shigella have evolved methods to inhibit caspase-11 and gasdermin D as well as autophagy. We also discuss similar regulatory steps that affect caspase-1 that may permit the cell to forbear undergoing pyroptosis after caspase-1 activates in response to bacteria with partially effective virulence factors.
Solid State Machinery of Multiple Dynamic Elements in a Metal– Organic Framework
Creators: name: Bracco, Silvia
name: Perego, Jacopo
name: Daolio, Andrea
name: Bezuidenhout, Charl X.
name: Piva, Sergio
name: Prando, Giacomo
name: Costarella, Benjamin
name: Luciano, Marchiò
name: Kubicki, Dominik
name: Sozzani, Piero
name: Comotti, Angiolina
name: Carretta, Pietro
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Raw NMR data for main text figure 3 and Supporting Information of the article:

Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2024, e202317094doi.org/10.1002/anie.202317094
Worte der Trauer gesprochen an den Särgen des Fürsten von Lichnowsky und des Generals von Auerswald, deutscher Reichstagsmitglieder; [1848]
Creators: name: Bally, Alexander von
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2018

description: Kopftitel
Institutional change and gender: RESET experience
Creators: name: Radchuk, Maryna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Insitutional change
gender
cultural change
gender equality
theory of change
rseearch management
Horizon Europe
Gender Equality Plan

description: RESET is a coordination and support action funded under the SwafS call of the Horizon 2020. Its main objective is to produce evidence-based policy instruments – Gender Equality Plans and provide tools and orientations enabling institutional change in terms of equality and diversity. Coordination of this project within the scope of six European HEIs is a complex process, which relies on comparison of local contexts, identification of their specificities, challenges and driving forces.
EKT Output 10. Training Platform for SPOC Delivery
Creators: name: Revyakina, E.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Learning Management System
Chamilo
In-School placement
EKT SPOC

description: In the present document, the key functionalities of the Learning Management System (LMS) for training of Academic Mentors (Lectures), School Mentors (school teachers, cooperating teachers, mentors) and Student Teachers (Prospective Teachers) are outlined (further, SPOC or course). These are added with the key features of the main EKT App that are going to be used for the training in the EKT pilot, and are aligned with the Methodological and technical EKT Framework. In essence, the approach in Output 10 can be described as integrating the expertise and capacities of the EKT partners to develop solutions that: 1. Most contribute to the purpose of the EKT Project. 2. That are aligned with the Methodological and Thechnological Framework developed in WP3 3. Create a user-friendly learning environment Importantly, both the LMS for the courses and the main EKT App have become to constitute a separate but connected architecture of the planned online course.
description: EKT Project: Improving Educational innovation, competitiveness and quality of higher education through collaboration between University and Companies (Educational Knowledge Transfer). Agreement number 612414-EPP-1-2019-1-ES-EPPKA2-KA https://ektproject.eu/
Resonant charge transfer of hydrogen Rydberg atoms incident at a Cu(100) projected band-gap surface
Creators: name: Gibbard, J. A.
name: Dethlefsen, M.
name: Kohlhoff, M.
name: Rennick, C. J.
name: So, E.
name: Ford, M.
name: Softley, T. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The charge transfer (ionization) of hydrogen Rydberg atoms (principal quantum number $n=25-34$) incident at a Cu(100) surface is investigated. Unlike fully metallic surfaces, where the Rydberg electron energy is degenerate with the conduction band of the metal, the Cu(100) surface has a projected bandgap at these energies, and only discrete image states are available through which charge transfer can take place. Resonant enhancement of charge transfer is observed at hydrogen principal quantum numbers for which the Rydberg energy matches the energy of one of the image states. The integrated surface ionization signals show clear periodicity as the energies of states with increasing $n$ come in and out of resonance with the image states. The velocity dependence of the surface ionization dynamics is also investigated. Decreased velocity of the incident H atom leads to a greater mean distance of ionization and a lower field required to extract the ion. The surface-ionization profiles (signal versus applied field) for `on resonance' $n$ values show a changing shape as the velocity is changed, reflecting the restriction of the resonance to a certain range of applied field.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Dangerous women and macho men: preserving sexual difference in Orizaba Mexico, 1920-1940
Creators: name: Swedberg, Gregory
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2007

description: This dissertation explores how citizens and legal officials in Orizaba, Mexico interpreted the national project to restructure gender relations following the momentous revolution of 1910-1920. I argue that the state's project to modernize sexual difference by providing education, job protection, and expanding rights in the family for women was part of larger mission to insure that women would be capable mothers and wives. Women, however, sometimes capitalized on these legal changes to challenge men's authority which created multiple tensions in the workplace, family and community. Moreover, laws aimed at preserving sexual difference often created unintended consequences that ultimately challenged state efforts to modernize patriarchy, masculinity, and femininity. My research demonstrates that family, labor, community, and state policy are not mutually exclusive categories but rather each informs the other. In addition, the state's push to modernize gender relations while preserving sexual difference conflicted with anterior forms of masculinity. Women's education and their expanded rights in the family and the workplace conflicted with working class men's belief that the revolution had redeemed their dignity which should then reinforce their power.
Development of a screening platform for the identification of macrocyclic splicing inhibitors
Creators: name: Nowacki-Hansen, Jessica
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Screening
subject: Macrocycles
subject: SICLOPPS
subject: RNA-binding proteins
subject: 570
subject: 540
subject: RNS-Bindungsproteine
subject: RNS-Bindung
subject: Spleißfaktor
subject: Screening

description: Protein-RNA interactions are substance of research of the last decades and are yet to be fully explored. Interactions of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) with RNA are found in a plethora of fundamental biological processes such as transcription, splicing, capping, polyadenylation, and translation. Alternative splicing (AS) is the major contributor to the high protein diversity in humans, with only ~30,000 genes present, and is regulated by RBPs such as spliceosomal subunits and alternative splicing factors. Aberrant function and expression of these factors disorganise splicing patterns, which can cause neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Targeting alternative splicing factors to fight cancer has emerged as a novel promising therapeutic approach. For this purpose, two alternative splicing factors, SRSF1 and hnRNP A2B1, were first explored with the translational repression assay procedure (TRAP) to monitor the proteins’ interaction with RNA. The TRAP assay results delivered relative binding affinities, given in repression ratios, and were found to correlate with absolute binding affinities measured with the fluorescence polarisation (FP) assay. Binding motifs for RBPs are often found by cross-linking or pull-down approaches that are cost-intense and laborious. The work described here presents a novel approach using the TRAP assay in a high throughput format to screen for 10mer RNA consensus sequence for SRSF1 and hnRNP A2B1. The TRAP assay, in combination with the plasmid-encoded peptide library SICLOPPS, was used to screen for hexameric cyclic peptides as inhibitors for the RBPs. In a first approach, Sanger sequencing was used to sequence analysis and hit peptides were evaluated using the TRAP assay. Three hit peptides were synthesized chemically and evaluated by FP. In a second, optimised screening approach, Illumina sequencing was used for hit analysis, and the top six peptides were synthesised and evaluated by FP. Two promising candidate peptides for hnRNP A2B1 were found that are currently being analysed and verified as true inhibitors.
title: Emilio Betti, l’obbligazione, il processo
Creators: name: dalla Massara  , Tommaso
Publisher: name: RomaTrE-Press
Year: 2022

description: Il saggio propone una lettura critica del pensiero di Emilio Betti in tema di obbligazione e processo. In specie, la visione di Betti, con riguardo alle fonti romane, è nel senso di una totale integrazione dell’obbligazione nell’azione: com’è noto, il punto di vista suggerito da Betti è quello della condemnatio, che nel processo civile romano è sempre espressa in denaro. Questa peculiare visione di Betti è impiegata nel saggio quale lente per la lettura dei problemi posti dal pactum de non petendo.
description: Emilio Betti e il processo civile
SARS-CoV-2 infection of airway cells causes intense viral and cell shedding, two spreading mechanisms affected by IL-13
Creators: name: O'Neal, Wanda K.
name: Edwards, Caitlin E.
name: Morrison, Cameron B.
name: Morton, Lisa C.
name: Araba, Kenza C.
name: Dang, Hong
name: Baric, Ralph S.
name: Gilmore, Rodney C.
name: Boucher, Richard C.
name: Ehre, Camille
name: Shaffer, Kendall M.
name: Asakura, Takanori
name: Williams, Danielle R.
name: Wykoff, Jason A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Muco-obstructive lung diseases are typically associated with high risks of COVID-19 severity; however, allergic asthma showed reduced susceptibility. To investigate viral spread, primary human airway epithelial (HAE) cell cultures were infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and host–virus interactions were examined via electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, RNA in situ hybridization, and gene expression analyses. In HAE cell cultures, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression governed cell tropism and viral load and was up-regulated  by infection. Electron microscopy identified intense viral egress from infected ciliated cells and severe cytopathogenesis, culminating in the shedding of ciliated cells packed with virions, providing a large viral reservoir for spread and transmission. Intracellular stores of MUC5AC, a major airway mucin involved in asthma, were rapidly depleted, likely to trap viruses. To mimic asthmatic airways, HAE cells were treated with interleukin-13 (IL-13), which reduced viral titers, viral messenger RNA, and cell shedding, and significantly diminished the number of infected cells. Although mucus hyperproduction played a shielding role, IL-13–treated cells maintained a degree of protection despite the removal of mucus. Using Gene Expression Omnibus databases, bulk RNA-sequencing analyses revealed that IL-13 up-regulated genes controlling glycoprotein synthesis, ion transport, and antiviral processes (albeit not the typical interferon-induced genes) and down-regulated genes involved in cilial function and ribosomal processing. More precisely, we showed that IL-13 reduced ACE2 expression, intracellular viral load, and cell-to-cell transmission while increasing the cilial keratan sulfate coating. In conclusion, intense viral and cell shedding caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection was attenuated by IL-13, which affected viral entry, replication, and spread.